NIH VideoCast - Demystifying Medicine — Drug Resistance: Mechanisms and Progress in Infection and Cancer

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Demystifying Medicine — Drug Resistance: Mechanisms and Progress in Infection and Cancer

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Air date:	Tuesday, February 6, 2024, 4:00:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 416 (246 Live, 170 On-demand)
Category:	Demystifying Medicine
Runtime:	01:56:18
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	Drug resistance is a perplexing problem in which pathogens and even cancer cells learn to evade tried-and-true therapies once effective in combatting them. Resistance to anti-cancer drugs, for example, is the main reason for the failure of treatment of metastatic cancer. Similarly, carbapenem-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a serious threat to global health. What factors are at play at the genetic and cellular level and, more broadly, at an evolutionary level as disease-causing agents fight for their survivor as we fight for ours? What can be learned by bridging the fields of drug resistance among cancer cells, prokaryotes, and, how shall we say, selfish genetic elements that mediate horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? That's the essence of the February 6 Demystifying Medicine session. Our first speaker, Michael Gottesman, head of the NCI Laboratory of Cell Biology, has studied drug resistance in cancer treatment for decades. His lab has found that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters contribute to drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. They have since identified several more novel mechanisms of resistance, depending on the cancer cell type and the selecting drug — a sobering yet enlightening set of discoveries. Our second speaker, John Dekker, is a Lasker Clinical Research Scholar and head of the NIAID Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit in the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology. His lab applies systems biology approaches — such as genomic sequencing, transcriptome analysis with RNA-seq, proteomics, and metabolomics — to study the evolutionary mechanisms by which resistance emerges in this natural context. His lecture will highlight mechanisms of ABC-transporter-mediated antimicrobial resistance with a focus on β-lactam antibiotics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Demystifying Medicine Series, jointly sponsored by FAES and NIH, includes presentations on pathology, diagnosis, and therapy in the context of major disease problems and current research. Primarily directed toward PhD students, clinicians and program managers, this series is designed to help bridge the gap between advances in biology and their application to major human diseases. Each session includes clinical and basic science components presented by NIH staff and invitees. All students, trainees, fellows, and staff are welcome to participate. For more information go to https://demystifyingmedicine.od.nih.gov

NLM Title:	Demystifying medicine. Drug resistance : mechanisms and progress in infection and cancer / Michael Gottesman and John Dekker.
Author:	Gottesman, Michael M. Dekker, John. National Institutes of Health (U.S.),
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): Drug resistance is a perplexing problem in which pathogens and even cancer cells learn to evade tried-and-true therapies once effective in combatting them. Resistance to anti-cancer drugs, for example, is the main reason for the failure of treatment of metastatic cancer. Similarly, carbapenem-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a serious threat to global health. What factors are at play at the genetic and cellular level and, more broadly, at an evolutionary level as disease-causing agents fight for their survivor as we fight for ours? What can be learned by bridging the fields of drug resistance among cancer cells, prokaryotes, and, how shall we say, selfish genetic elements that mediate horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? That"s the essence of the February 6 Demystifying Medicine session. Our first speaker, Michael Gottesman, head of the NCI Laboratory of Cell Biology, has studied drug resistance in cancer treatment for decades. His lab has found that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters contribute to drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. They have since identified several more novel mechanisms of resistance, depending on the cancer cell type and the selecting drug -- a sobering yet enlightening set of discoveries. Our second speaker, John Dekker, is a Lasker Clinical Research Scholar and head of the NIAID Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit in the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology. His lab applies systems biology approaches -- such as genomic sequencing, transcriptome analysis with RNA-seq, proteomics, and metabolomics -- to study the evolutionary mechanisms by which resistance emerges in this natural context. His lecture will highlight mechanisms of ABC-transporter-mediated antimicrobial resistance with a focus on [beta]-lactam antibiotics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Demystifying Medicine Series, jointly sponsored by FAES and NIH, includes presentations on pathology, diagnosis, and therapy in the context of major disease problems and current research. Primarily directed toward PhD students, clinicians and program managers, this series is designed to help bridge the gap between advances in biology and their application to major human diseases. Each session includes clinical and basic science components presented by NIH staff and invitees. All students, trainees, fellows, and staff are welcome to participate.For more information go to https://demystifyingmedicine.od.nih.gov.
Subjects:	Anti-Bacterial Agents--pharmacology Antineoplastic Agents--pharmacology Bacteria--drug effects Bacterial Infections--drug therapy Drug Resistance, Microbial--physiology Drug Resistance, Neoplasm--physiology Neoplasms--drug therapy
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast

NLM Classification:	QZ 267
NLM ID:	9918820070306676
CIT Live ID:	54016
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=54016

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