NIH VideoCast - NIH Director's Seminar Series: Human B cells in health and disease

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NIH Director's Seminar Series: Human B cells in health and disease

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Air date:	Friday, November 18, 2022, 12:00:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 227 (167 Live, 60 On-demand)
Category:	NIH Director's Seminars
Runtime:	00:59:07
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	B cells contribute to adaptive immunity through two major cellular compartments: long-lived plasma cells that produce protective antibodies and memory B cells that can respond rapidly to pathogens upon re-encounter. However, B cells are highly heterogeneous and can become dysregulated and ineffective or pathogenic in certain settings such as chronic infections, autoimmunity, or immune deficiencies. In HIV infection, very few people can control the virus without antiretroviral therapy and very few people can generate virus-neutralizing antibodies. During chronic HIV viremia, both plasma cells and memory B cells become dysregulated because of persistent immune activation and acquire distinctive phenotypes that are also observed under other chronic conditions. Some of these phenotypes have been observed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, in contrast to HIV, most exposures to SARS-CoV-2 gives rise to protective immunity through the generation of neutralizing antibodies and long-lasting virus-specific memory B cells. This seminar discusses how B cells respond to different viral pathogens, namely HIV and SARS-CoV-2, and how differences in the responses to each pathogen can advance our understanding of humoral immunity and help identify correlates of protective immunity following infection or vaccination.

NLM Title:	Human B cells in health and disease / Susan Moir.
Author:	Moir, Susan. National Institutes of Health (U.S.),
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): B cells contribute to adaptive immunity through two major cellular compartments: long-lived plasma cells that produce protective antibodies and memory B cells that can respond rapidly to pathogens upon re-encounter. However, B cells are highly heterogeneous and can become dysregulated and ineffective or pathogenic in certain settings such as chronic infections, autoimmunity, or immune deficiencies. In HIV infection, very few people can control the virus without antiretroviral therapy and very few people can generate virus-neutralizing antibodies. During chronic HIV viremia, both plasma cells and memory B cells become dysregulated because of persistent immune activation and acquire distinctive phenotypes that are also observed under other chronic conditions. Some of these phenotypes have been observed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, in contrast to HIV, most exposures to SARS-CoV-2 gives rise to protective immunity through the generation of neutralizing antibodies and long-lasting virus-specific memory B cells. This seminar discusses how B cells respond to different viral pathogens, namely HIV and SARS-CoV-2, and how differences in the responses to each pathogen can advance our understanding of humoral immunity and help identify correlates of protective immunity following infection or vaccination.
Subjects:	B-Lymphocytes--immunology HIV--immunology SARS-CoV-2--immunology
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast
NLM Classification:	WH 220
NLM ID:	9918573261606676
CIT Live ID:	46495
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=46495

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