NIH VideoCast - Gene regulatory interactions mediating formation of neural crest stem cells

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Gene regulatory interactions mediating formation of neural crest stem cells

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Air date:	Wednesday, May 27, 2015, 3:00:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 316 (82 Live, 234 On-demand)
Category:	WALS - Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
Runtime:	00:54:18
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series The neural crest is a population of multipotent, migratory stem/progenitor cells that forms at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm in vertebrate embryos. These cells then migrate from the neural tube along defined pathways, populate numerous sites, and differentiate into diverse cells types including melanocytes, sensory and autonomic neurons, and the craniofacial skeleton. However, neural crest populations differ along the neural axis with respect to migration pathways and derivatives. For example, cranial neural crest cells give rise to cartilage and bone of the face, whereas those at trunk levels do not. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) composed of interacting transcriptional regulators and downstream effector genes are thought to confer properties such as multipotency and migratory capacity to nascent neural crest cell populations. GRNs have been characterized for the cranial neural crest, but GRN differences along the body axis are not well understood. Dr. Bronner's lab is seeking to gain insight into the GRNs by using axial level specific enhancers to isolate neural crest subpopulations and perform transcriptome analysis. The lab then tests functional connections in the neural crest GRNs by systematically perturbing transcription factors to establish their role in specification and examining the effect of these perturbations on downstream genes in order to establish interrelationships. The results suggest that a series of regulatory circuits is involved in inducing the migratory neural crest cell population, maintaining its stem cell properties for a time, and finally leading to progressive differentiation with both common and differential GRN components present at different axial levels. Ultimately, the genes and genetic subcircuits discovered in this study may be useful targets for therapeutic intervention and for guiding directed differentiation of neural crest stem cells into particular derivatives for the purpose of repair/regeneration. For more information go to https://oir.nih.gov/wals

NLM Title:	Gene regulatory interactions mediating formation of neural crest stem cells / Marianne Bronner.
Author:	Bronner, Marianne. National Institutes of Health (U.S.),
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): The neural crest is a population of multipotent, migratory stem/progenitor cells that forms at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm in vertebrate embryos. These cells then migrate from the neural tube along defined pathways, populate numerous sites, and differentiate into diverse cells types including melanocytes, sensory and autonomic neurons, and the craniofacial skeleton. However, neural crest populations differ along the neural axis with respect to migration pathways and derivatives. For example, cranial neural crest cells give rise to cartilage and bone of the face, whereas those at trunk levels do not. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) composed of interacting transcriptional regulators and downstream effector genes are thought to confer properties such as multipotency and migratory capacity to nascent neural crest cell populations. GRNs have been characterized for the cranial neural crest, but GRN differences along the body axis are not well understood. Dr. Bronner's lab is seeking to gain insight into the GRNs by using axial level specific enhancers to isolate neural crest subpopulations and perform transcriptome analysis. The lab then tests functional connections in the neural crest GRNs by systematically perturbing transcription factors to establish their role in specification and examining the effect of these perturbations on downstream genes in order to establish interrelationships. The results suggest that a series of regulatory circuits is involved in inducing the migratory neural crest cell population, maintaining its stem cell properties for a time, and finally leading to progressive differentiation with both common and differential GRN components present at different axial levels. Ultimately, the genes and genetic subcircuits discovered in this study may be useful targets for therapeutic intervention and for guiding directed differentiation of neural crest stem cells into particular derivatives for the purpose of repair/regeneration.
Subjects:	Gene Expression Regulation Neural Crest--growth & development
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast

NLM Classification:	WL 101
NLM ID:	101660648
CIT Live ID:	16278
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=16278

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