NIH VideoCast - Mechanisms underlying microbial translocation and therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-associated immune activation

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Mechanisms underlying microbial translocation and therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-associated immune activation

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Air date:	Friday, November 2, 2012, 12:00:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 239 (49 Live, 190 On-demand)
Category:	NIH Director's Seminars
Runtime:	00:47:14
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	Director's Seminar Series: A multifaceted activation of the immune system is a hallmark of the chronic phase of immunodeficiency lentiviral infections. It is manifest by: increased T cell turnover, increased frequencies of T cells with an activated phenotype, and an increase in proinflammatory molecules in the plasma. Importantly, the extent of immune activation is a stronger predictor of disease progression than either CD4+ T cell count or plasma viral load. The importance of immune activation to pathogenesis in HIV/SIV infections is highlighted by the low levels of chronic activation seen in natural hosts of SIV that do not progress to AIDS. The consequences of immune activation include the generation of activated CD4+ T cell targets for the virus, attrition of the memory CD4+ T cell pool and high frequencies of terminally differentiated and exhausted memory T and B cells. However the underlying mechanisms of immune activation during infection are not well understood. We recently demonstrated that one cause of immune activation is the translocation of microbial products from the lumen of the intestine into the periphery. These microbial products can directly stimulate the immune system via pathogen associated molecular pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll like receptors. Our recent efforts have been aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying microbial translocation and in studying potential therapeutic interventions which curb microbial translocation-induced immune activation.

NLM Title:	Mechanisms underlying microbial translocation and therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-associated immune activation / Jason M. Brenchley.
Author:	Brenchley, Jason M. National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): Director's Seminar Series: A multifaceted activation of the immune system is a hallmark of the chronic phase of immunodeficiency lentiviral infections. It is manifest by: increased T cell turnover, increased frequencies of T cells with an activated phenotype, and an increase in proinflammatory molecules in the plasma. Importantly, the extent of immune activation is a stronger predictor of disease progression than either CD4+ T cell count or plasma viral load. The importance of immune activation to pathogenesis in HIV/SIV infections is highlighted by the low levels of chronic activation seen in natural hosts of SIV that do not progress to AIDS. The consequences of immune activation include the generation of activated CD4+ T cell targets for the virus, attrition of the memory CD4+ T cell pool and high frequencies of terminally differentiated and exhausted memory T and B cells. However the underlying mechanisms of immune activation during infection are not well understood. We recently demonstrated that one cause of immune activation is the translocation of microbial products from the lumen of the intestine into the periphery. These microbial products can directly stimulate the immune system via pathogen associated molecular pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll like receptors. Our recent efforts have been aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying microbial translocation and in studying potential therapeutic interventions which curb microbial translocation-induced immune activation.
Subjects:	Bacterial Translocation Disease Progression HIV Infections--drug therapy HIV Infections--immunology Probiotics--therapeutic use
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast

NLM Classification:	WC 503.2
NLM ID:	101598208
CIT Live ID:	11997
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=11997

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