HELLO AND WELCOME TO THE
SECOND DAY OF THE WORKSHOP.
I'M A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST WITH
THE OFFICE OF THE BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH AT THE
NIH, CO-CHAIR OF THIS WORKSHOP.
AGAIN, THANK YOU TO EVERYONE
JOINING US TODAY INCLUDING THOSE
RETURNING AFTER YESTERDAY'S
OUTSTANDING SESSIONS.
WE ANTICIPATE TODAY WILL ALSO
PROVIDE REALLY ENGAGING AND
THOUGHT PROVOKING DISCUSSION.
THE PURPOSE IS TO DISCUSS THE
HEALTH IMPACTS OF ONLINE
HARASSMENT, INCREASINGLY
WIDESPREAD, CAN INCLUDE MANY
FORMS OF VIOLENCE, SOME OCCUR IN
DIGITAL SPACES AS WELL AS TYPES
OF VIOLENCE IN NOT DIGITAL
CONTEXTS.
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TASK
FORCE FOR ADDRESSING ONLINE
HARASSMENT AND ABUSE THE NIH IS
COLLABORATING WITH FEDERAL
COLLEAGUES TO DEEPEN OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX
SOCIAL PROBLEM, INCLUDING
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
IMPLICATIONS ACROSS THE LIFE
SPAN, WHAT IS NEEDED TO ADDRESS
THE IMPACTS OF HARASSMENT ABUSE
AND KEY IMPLICATIONS FOR
PREVENTIVE EFFORTS.
YESTERDAY WE COVERED AN
OVERVIEW, DISCUSSED WHAT IS
NEEDED TO ADDRESS THE
EXPERIENCES OF VULNERABLE AND
UNDERRESOURCED POPULATIONS, AND
LESSONS LEARNED FROM RELATED
RESEARCH AREAS.
TODAY WE'LL BE COVERING
POTENTIAL COLLABORATIONS TO
TACKLE ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT AND RESEARCH
APPROACHES FOR BOTH PREVENTION
AND INTERVENTION.
WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO YOUR
ENGAGEMENT TO ADDRESS ONLINE
ABUSE AND HARASSMENT.
I'D LIKE TO TAKE A MOMENT TO
SHARE COME KEY REMINDERS AND
DESCRIBE HOW AUDIENCE MEMBERS
CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS FOR OUR
PANELISTS.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
AS A REMINDER, THIS IS BEING
RECORDED FOR INTERNAL USE.
AGENDA AND SPEAKER BIOS ARE
AVAILABLE ON THE WORKSHOP
WEBSITE.
LIVE CAPTIONS CAN BE TURNED ON
BY COLLECTING MORE AT THE
BOTTOM -- CLICKING "MORE" ON THE
BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN.
FOR PEOPLE ATTENDING VIA ZOOM
MAKE SURE TO TURN OFF YOUR
CAMERA AND MUTE YOUR AUDIO, AND
YOU CAN SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS
VIA THE Q&A FEATURE WITHIN ZOOM.
FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE ATTENDING VIA
VIDEOCAST SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS
USING THE LIVE VIDEOCAST LINK,
AND THERE'S A -- THANK YOU SO
MUCH.
THE VIDEOCAST SEND LIVE FEEDBACK
OPTIONS LOOKS LIKE THIS AND THEN
WE'LL RECEIVE THOSE QUESTIONS.
LET'S BEGIN BY SHARING A VIDEO
FROM TARA SCHWETZ.
SHE WANTED TO SHARE REMARKS ON
THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS WORK.
>> GOOD AFTERNOON.
I'M TARA SCHWETZ.
I AM THE NIH DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR
PROGRAM COORDINATION, PLANNING,
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.
THANK YOU ALL FOR INVITING ME TO
ADDRESS YOUR WORKSHOP TODAY.
I'M SORRY I CAN'T BE THERE IN
PERSON TO PARTICIPATE.
I'M ACTUALLY ON OFFICIAL TRAVEL
RIGHT NOW.
HOWEVER, I DIDN'T WANT TO MISS
THE OPPORTUNITY TO REINFORCE
JUST HOW IMPORTANT AND VITAL
THIS WORKSHOP TOPIC IS TO
EVERYONE AT NIH.
AND HOW INVESTED LEADERSHIP IS.
NOW, I HOPE YOU ALL KNOW THE
CORE OF NIH'S MISSION IS TO SEEK
FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND APPLY
THAT KNOWLEDGE TO ENHANCE
HEALTH.
AND CURRENTLY WE'RE UNDERTAKING
A PROCESS TO REFINE OUR MISSION
STATEMENT.
AS WE DO, THAT CORE WILL REMAIN
STEADFAST.
AND THE TOPICS OF ONLINE
HARASSMENT AND ABUSE THAT YOU
WILL DISCUSS HERE TODAY ARE BOTH
IMPLICITLY AND EXPLICITLY
RELATED TO OUR MISSION.
AND WE AT NIH VALUE YOUR
INSIGHTS TO CONTRIBUTE TO
IDENTIFYING ACTIONABLE
SOLUTIONS.
NOW, ACCORDING TO DATA FROM THE
CDC, BULLYING IS ALL TOO COMMON.
1 IN 5 HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
REPORT BEING BULLIED ON HIGH
SCHOOL PROPERTY AND 1 IN 6
ONLINE.
DATA INDICATE REPORTS OF CYBER
BULLYING ARE HIGHEST IN MIDDLE
SCHOOL, FOLLOWED BY FOLLOW AND
COMBINED SCHOOLS, PRIMARY
SCHOOLS BEING THE LOWEST IMPACT.
THESE ARE WIDESPREAD AND SERIOUS
ISSUES.
TO THAT END, MANY OF NIH'S
INSTITUTES, CENTERS AND OFFICES
ARE ADDRESSING WORKSHOP TOPIC IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR MISSION
AND GOALS.
ONE EXAMPLE, NICHD AND NIMH BOTH
HAVE TAKEN LEADERSHIP ROLES IN
RESPONSE TO THE BIPARTISAN
CHILDREN IN MEDIA RESEARCH
ADVANCEMENT OR CAMERA ACT SIGNED
INTO LAW EARLIER THIS YEAR.
TO ADVANCE RESEARCH ON ON
EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA
USE IN CHILDREN'S HEALTH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
AND NIH HAS COMMITTED MORE THAN
$20 MILLION IN RESEARCH FUNDING
TO ADDRESS THESE TOPICS.
AND IN PARTICULAR, SUPPORTING
LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDIES TO
SEEK AND UNDERSTAND IMPACTS ON
PRESCHOOLERS, EXECUTIVE
FUNCTION, SLEEP AND WEIGHT,
CHILDREN'S EMOTIONAL REGULATION
AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE, AS WELL
AS ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT.
ALL CRITICAL TO REALLY
UNDERSTANDING THIS ISSUE, AND I
WANT TO REITERATE AGAIN THAT NIH
IS COMMITTED TO ADDRESSING ALL
ASPECTS OF THIS ISSUE, AND TO
FINDING CONCRETE SOLUTIONS.
AS WE TURN TO TODAY, I DO WANT
TO THANK ALL OF YOU PARTICIPANTS
AS WELL AS THE AUDIENCE MEMBERS
VIEWING ON VIDEOCAST FOR YOUR
DILIGENT EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY
RESEARCH GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES.
CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO MOVE THE
FIELD FORWARD AND ADDRESS THIS
CHALLENGING TOPIC TO PROTECT
CHILDREN ONLINE.
BEFORE I TURN IT OVER, I DO WANT
TO TAKE A MOMENT TO ACKNOWLEDGE
THE COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIP OF
DR. VALERIE MAHOLMES AND DR.
BETH JAWORSKI FOR SERVING ON THE
WHITE HOUSE TASK FORCE TO TACKLE
THIS ISSUE.
THEY ALSO PLANNED TODAY'S
VIRTUAL WORKSHOP.
WE ALL APPRECIATE AND
ACKNOWLEDGE HARD WORK THAT WENT
INTO THE TWO DAYS.
I HOPE YOU ALL ARE ABLE TO
ENGAGE IN FRUITFUL DISCUSSION
AND STRATEGIZE ON CREATIVE
IDEAS.
I LOOK FORWARD TO FOLLOW-UP.
THANK YOU AGAIN AND WISHING YOU
THE BEST.
>> WONDERFUL.
I NOW HAVE THE PRIVILEGE OF
INTRODUCING OUR NEXT SPEAKER,
DID JANINE AUSTIN CLAYTON, NIH
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH
ON WOMEN'S HEALTH AND DIRECTOR
OF THE NIH OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON
WOMEN'S HEALTH.
DR. CLAYTON, THANK YOU FOR
JOINING US TODAY.
THE FLOOR IS YOURS.
>> THANK YOU.
HELLO AND GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE.
I'M JANINE AUSTIN CLAYTON,
DIRECTOR OF THE NIH OFFICE OF
RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL THE
MEETING ORGANIZERS AND
ACKNOWLEDGE DR. LISA BEGG FOR
REPRESENTING ORWH AND
PARTICULARLY DR. VALERIE
MAHOLMES AND DR. BETH JAWORSKI
FOR LEADING DEVELOPMENT OF THIS
WORKSHOP.
THANK YOU ALSO TO DR. ALISON
CERNICH AND KIM CROCKETT AND
TARA SCHWETZ FOR THEIR
THOUGHTFUL REMARKS.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE
ALL THE PANEL SPEAKERS AND
MODERATORS FOR AN EXCELLENT
FIRST DAY COVERING THIS CRITICAL
TOPIC.
LASTLY, I WANT TO THANK THE
WORKSHOP ATTENDEES FOR YOUR
PRESENCE AND INTEREST IN THIS
CRITICAL ISSUE.
THE WORKSHOP TOPICS ARE WELL
ALIGNED WITH THE OVERALL
APPROACH THAT WE TAKE AT THE NIH
OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S
HEALTH AND MANY OF THE NIH-WIDE
PRIORITIES.
I'M GOING TO BEGIN WITH A FEW
REALITY CHECKS WE'VE HEARD
ACROSS THIS FIRST DAY AS WELL.
A SAD REALITY IS THAT ONLINE
HARASSMENT IS NOT UNCOMMON.
ROUGHLY 4 IN 10 AMERICANS HAVE
EXPERIENCED ONLINE HARASSMENT
WITH MANY CITING GENDER OR
RACIAL AND ETHNIC BACKGROUND AS
REASONS THEY BELIEVE THEY WERE
HARASSED ONLINE.
ALMOST 50% OF U.S. TEENAGERS
EXPERIENCE AT LEAST ONE OF SIX
CYBER BULLYING BEHAVIORS.
AGE AND GENDER ANALYSES SHOW
THAT OLDER TEEN GIRLS ARE MORE
LIKELY TO FACE ABUSE.
AN EXTRA AREA OF CONCERN IS THAT
BLACK TEENS ARE ALMOST TWICE AS
LIKELY AS HISPANIC OR WHITE
TEENS TO THINK RACE OR ETHNICITY
MADE THEM A TARGET OF ONLINE
ABUSE.
ANOTHER IMPORTANT REALITY IS
THAT HARASSMENT CAN HAVE HEALTH
CONSEQUENCES.
AND AT ORWH WE'RE FOCUSED
SPECIFICALLY ON HEALTH WOMAN.
FOR WOMEN, REPORTS AND RATES OF
SEXUAL AND GENDER HARASSMENT ARE
PARTICULARLY CONCERNING.
AT A RECENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE
FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH
MEETING, I HIGHLIGHTED SOME
CONCERNING DATA FROM THE NURSES
HEALTH STUDY AND NIH-SUPPORTED
EFFORTS FOLLOWING A GROUP OF
NURSES OVER TIME AND EXAMINED
LIFETIME SEXUAL ASSAULT AND
WORKPLACE HARASSMENT AND
RELATIONSHIP OF HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE OR HYPERTENSION.
UNFORTUNATELY EXPERIENCES OF
SEXUAL VIOLENCE WERE NOT
U NCOMMON.
ONE-QUARTER EXPERIENCED SEXUAL
ASSAULT.
ROUGHLY 21% OF THE WOMEN IN THE
STUDY REPORTED DEVELOPING HIGH
BLOOD PRESSURE OR HYPERTENSION
OVER THE FOLLOW-UP PERIOD AND
WOMEN WHO EXPERIENCED BOTH
SEXUAL ASSAULT AND WORKPLACE
SEXUAL HARASSMENT HAD THE
HIGHEST RISK.
THIS IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE OF ONE
TYPE OF HARASSMENT AND ONE STUDY
THAT SHOW THESE EFFECTS ON
HEALTH OF WOMEN.
REDUCING SUCH VIOLENCE IS
IMPORTANT IN ITS OWN RIGHT.
DATA DEMONSTRATE IT MAY IMPROVE
WOMEN'S HEALTH, IN THIS CASE
WOMEN'S CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH,
JUST ONE ASPECT OF THE HEALTH OF
WOMEN.
AT ORWH WE WORK WITH ALL 27
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS WHO EACH
SUPPORT AN ARRAY OF TOPICS
RELEVANT TO THE HEALTH OF WOMEN
ALIGNED WITH THEIR VARIOUS
MISSION AREAS.
AND WOMEN'S HEALTH IS AN
IMPORTANT TOPIC THAT IS
RECEIVING INCREASING ATTENTION.
ON NOVEMBER 13 PRESIDENT BIDEN
SIGNED A MEMO ANNOUNCING A WHITE
HOUSE INITIATIVE ON WOMEN'S
HEALTH RESEARCH.
IN THAT MEMO, QUOTE, DESPITE
MAKING UP MORE THAN HALF OF THE
POPULATION, WOMEN HAVE
HISTORICALLY BEEN UNDERSTUDIED
AND UNDERREPRESENTED IN HEALTH
RESEARCH.
THE NEW INITIATIVE WILL
FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGE HOW WE
APPROACH AND FUND WOMEN'S HEALTH
RESEARCH AND PIONEER THE NEXT
GENERATION OF DISCOVERIES IN
WOMEN'S HEALTH, END QUOTE.
WE KNOW TO ADDRESS GAPS IN MOG
OF WOMEN'S HEALTH WE MUST
ACCELERATE RESEARCH ON THE
UNIQUE HEALTH NEEDS OF WOMEN
ACROSS THEIR LIFESPAN AND THIS
INITIATIVE IS AN IMPORTANT AND
TIMELY STEP.
THE OVERALL MISSION OF THE
INITIATIVE IS TO ADVANCE WOMEN'S
HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE UNITED
STATES.
AND IN THIS INITIATIVE, NIH
ALONG WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES HAS BEEN ASKED TO
IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES FOR
INVESTMENT, SET RESEARCH
PRIORITIES, COORDINATION ACROSS
EFFORTS THAT FACILITATE
RESEARCH, METHODS AND ANALYSES,
TO ADDRESS HEALTH DISPARITIES,
TO SUPPORT THE TRANSLATION OF
OUR RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS INTO
PRACTICAL BENEFITS, TO WORK ON
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS TO
DRIVE INNOVATION, PROMOTE
PUBLICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF
ACTIONABLE RESEARCH, BY MAKING
FEDERAL DATASETS AVAILABLE,
IMPORTANTLY TO RECRUIT AND TRAIN
AND SUPPORT WOMEN PURSUING
RESEARCH CAREERS, AND TO
INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE
NEED FOR GREATER ATTENTION TO
WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH.
THE PRESIDENT DIRECTED THAT
WITHIN 45 DAYS OF THE
MEMORANDUM, THAT THE COMPONENT
SHALL PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS ON
CONCRETE ACTIONS THAT AGENCIES
AND OFFICE CAN TAKE TO ADVANCE
WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH.
AND AT ORWH, WE WORK WITH ALL 27
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS HERE AT
NIH WHICH EACH SUPPORT WOMEN'S
HEALTH RESEARCH.
WE'RE UNIQUELY POSITION TO HELP
CONNECT THE DOTS AND IT'S AN
HONOR TO COLLABORATE WITH THE
OUTSTANDING SCIENTISTS AND
LEADERS FROM THE INSTITUTES AND
CENTERS TO AMPLIFY EFFORTS
ACROSS A RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINES, CONSTELLATION OF
DISEASES, AND MANY TOPICS
ENCOMPASSING ALL ASPECTS OF THE
HEALTH OF WOMEN FROM HEAD TO TOE
AND ACROSS THE LIFESPAN.
WE ARE WORKING TO PROMOTE THE
IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION
OF THE SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES AND
NEW KNOWLEDGE RESULTING FROM
NIH'S DEEP INVESTMENTS IN
BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH SO WE
CAN COLLECTIVELY AND AS A NATION
PUT SCIENCE TO WORK FOR THE
HEALTH OF WOMEN.
AT NIH WE ALL LOOK FORWARD TO
WORKING WITH THE WHITE HOUSE TO
IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO
ADVANCE RESEARCH, TO IMPROVE THE
HEALTH OF ALL WILL.
AS YOU LISTEN TO TODAY'S
PANELISTS AND MODERATORS, I HOPE
YOUR TAKEAWAY IS THAT WE ALL
PLAY A ROLE IN ADDRESSING THIS
IMPORTANT ISSUE, AND WE MUST ALL
FIND WAYS TO COLLABORATE TO
BRING INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE
SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE AND
ULTIMATELY ELIMINATE ONLINE
ABUSE AND HARASSMENT.
I LOOK FORWARD TO THE ROBUST
DISCUSSIONS TODAY, AS WE WRAP UP
DAY 2 OF THE WORKSHOP.
HAVE A GREAT DAY, EVERYONE.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
THE
END OF THE SESSION.
TODAY WE HAVE THE PLEASURE OF
LEARNING FROM DR. CONSOLVO,
MR. CHAD SNIFFEN WITH THE SAFETY
NET PROJECT AT THE NATIONAL
NETWORK TO END DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE, AND DR. SASHA
R OMANOSKY FROM THE RAND
CORPORATION.
THANK YOU TO THE PANELISTS.
I'D LIKE TO TURN THINGS OVER TO
DR. CONSALVO.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
IF YOU CAN'T HEAR ME CHIME IN.
OTHERWISE I'M GOING TO ASSUME
YOU CAN.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME.
LET'S JUMP RIGHT IN.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO, AT GOOGLE PROTECTING USERS
IS ONE OF OUR CORE COMMITMENTS.
AND PROTECTING OUR USERS
INCLUDES HELPING KEEP THEM SAFE,
PREVENT, MITIGATE, RECOVER FROM
TECHNOLOGY FACILITATED ABUSE.
NEXT.
BUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE USER
FOR US THAT USER IS MADE UP OF
BILLIONS OF PEOPLE FROM ALL OVER
THE WORLD IN WIDELY VARIED
CONTEXTS WITH DIFFERENT NEEDS
AND RISKS.
NEXT.
AND THAT CAN MAKE IT QUITE
DIFFICULT TO KNOW HOW TO HELP
ALL OF OUR USERS STAY SAFE FROM
TECH-FACILITATED ABUSE.
NEXT.
SO IT'S BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT
ALL TECHNOLOGY USERS FACE A
MYRIAD OF DIGITAL SAFETY THREATS
INCLUDING HARASSMENT, PRIVACY
INVASION, SECURITY ATTACKS, AND
MORE THAT COULD LEAD TO
EMOTIONAL, FINANCIAL,
RELATIONAL, OR PHYSICAL HARM.
NEXT.
BUT SOME USERS WHO WE REFER TO
AS AT-RISK USERS FACE
CIRCUMSTANCES THAT ELEVATE
CHANCES OF EXPERIENCING
TECHNOLOGY-FACILITATED ABUSE OR
SUFFERING PROPORTION OF HARM
FROM SUCH ABUSE.
NEXT.
FOR EXAMPLE SYDNEY, A
15-YEAR-OLD BEING HARASSED AFTER
A TEXT TO HER BOYFRIEND, NOW HER
EX-BOYFRIEND, BROADLY SHARED.
SHE DOESN'T WANT TO ASK TEACHERS
OR PARENTS FOR HELP.
OR JANE, WORRIED HER ABUSIVE
PARTNER WHO HAS ACCESS TO HER
DEVICES AND ACCOUNTS MIGHT FIND
OUT SHE'S PLANNING TO LEAVE HIM.
OR ED WHO HAS BEEN THE TARGET OF
ABUSE IN THE PAST AND WORRIES IT
WILL HAPPEN AGAIN.
NEXT.
SO RESEARCH INVOLVING MANY
AT-RISK GROUPS SHOWS THERE'S A
COMMON SET OF CIRCUMSTANCES OR
FACTORS THAT INCREASE USER'S
RISK THEY WILL EXPERIENCE
TECHNOLOGY FACILITATED ABUSE.
THOSE FACTORS INCLUDE RISKS,
EXACERBATED BY SOCIAL NORMS,
HAVING A RELATIONSHIP WITH AN
ATTACKER, BEING PROMINENT,
ACCESS TO SENSITIVE RESOURCES,
ACCESS TO ONE'S IDENTITY
MARGINALIZED, AND MORE.
AND DEPENDING ON INDIVIDUAL
CIRCUMSTANCES, THEY MAY
EXPERIENCE ONE OR MORE OF THESE
RISK FACTORS ON A TEMPORARY
OTHER ONGOING BASIS.
SO SOMEONE COULD BE AT RISK FOR
A MOMENT IN TIME, LIFETIME, OR
SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN.
NEXT.
WE BELIEVE TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS
OF USERS TO CREATE MORE
INCLUSIVE EXPERIENCES FOR
EVERYONE.
NEXT.
OF COURSE, TO ADDRESS THOSE
NEEDS REQUIRES UNDERSTANDING
THOSE NEEDS.
NEXT.
SO TO DO SO WE STARTED A
RESEARCH PROGRAM AT GOOGLE THAT
AIMS TO IMPROVE AT-RISK USERS
DIGITAL SAFETY AS APPLIES TO
TECHNOLOGY INTENDED FOR BROAD
USE.
OUR PROGRAM FOCUSES ON THREE
MAJOR EFFORTS.
THERE'S LEARNING ABOUT THE
DIGITAL SAFETY EXPERIENCE,
ORGANIZING KNOWLEDGE ACROSS
GROUPS OF AT-RISK USERS TO
DEVELOP APPLICABLE DESIGN
PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES AND
TRAINING OTHERS ON HOW TO BETTER
SUPPORT AT-RISK USERS.
COLLABORATION IS IMPORTANT.
IN THE INTEREST OF TODAY'S
SESSION ON COLLABORATION, I'M
GOING TO HIGHLIGHT TWO IMPORTANT
TYPES OF COLLABORATION IN THE
SPACE OF HELPING IMPROVE AT-RISK
USERS' DIGITAL SAFETY.
TWO IMPORTANT TYPES OF
COLLABORATION I WANT TO TOUCH ON
ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF
COLLABORATING ON RESEARCH AND
OPPORTUNITY TO COLLABORATE ON
SOLUTIONS.
NEXT.
SO, ON THIS SLIDE IS A LIST OF
TOPICS THAT WE'VE STUDIED AS
PART OF OUR AT-RISK PROGRAM AND
EXTERNAL COLLABORATORS WE'VE
WORKED CLOSELY WITH.
AS YOU CAN SEE BY WHAT'S
HIGHLIGHTED IN GREEN MOST
RESEARCH ABOUT THE DIGITAL
SAFETY OF AT-RISK USERS HAS BEEN
DONE WITH ACADEMICS, AND
SOMETIMES PEOPLE FROM OTHER
COMPANIES AND GOVERNMENTAL
INSTITUTIONS.
IF WE CONSIDER COLLABORATIONS
OUTSIDE OF THE IMMEDIATE
RESEARCH TEAM OR SET OF AUTHORS
ON A PAPER, NEARLY ALL OF THE
RESEARCH FROM OUR AT-RISK
PROGRAMS INVOLVED IMPORTANT
COLLABORATIONS WITH NGOs,
INDUSTRY, ACADEMIA AND MORE
SHOWN BY THE YELLOW HIGHLIGHTS.
THESE RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS
HAVE BEEN INVALUABLE TO ENSURING
THE INTEGRITY OF THE RESEARCH,
THAT IS WE'RE CONDUCTING AND
SHARING HIGH-QUALITY TRUSTWORTHY
SAFE AND ETHICAL RESEARCH THAT
CONVEYS DIGITAL SAFETY
EXPERIENCE OF THE NEEDS OF
AT-RISK PARTICIPANTS AND GROUPS
THEY REPRESENT, AND ALSO
INCREASES LIKELIHOOD OF REACHING
AUDIENCES WHO HAVE POTENTIAL TO
HELP WITH SOLUTIONS.
SPEAKING OF SOLUTIONS, I WANT TO
SHARE THEMES EMERGING FROM OUR
AND OTHERS' RESEARCH INVOLVING
THE DIGITAL SAFETY OF AT-RISK
USERS WHICH I BELIEVE SUGGESTS
STRONG NEED TO COLLABORATE ON
SOLUTIONS.
SO WE AND OTHERS ARE FINDING
THAT WHEN AN AT-RISK USER
EXPERIENCES TECH FACILITATED
ABUSE THAT USER TENDS TO
EXPERIENCE ACROSS PLATFORMS,
ACROSS ATTACK TIMES SO IT'S
MULTIPLE TYPES OF
T ECH-FACILITATED ABUSE, AND
ACROSS MEDIUMS, THE ABUSE MAY
OCCUR ON AND OFF LINE, SIMILAR
TO A POINT MADE BY MANY SPEAKERS
YESTERDAY.
SO LET'S QUICKLY GO OVER AND
EXAMPLE FROM EACH THEME.
SO AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW ABUSE
TENDS TO OCCUR IN MORE THAN ONE
PLACE ONLINE I'LL SHARE A
HIGHLIGHT FROM OUR WORK WITH
PEOPLE INVOLVED IN POLITICAL
CAMPAIGNS.
NATION STATES ARE KNOWN TO
TARGET ANYTHING THAT MAY MAKE A
CAMPAIGN LOOK BAD, ACCESS BY A
CAMPAIGN WORKER'S ACT.
WORKERS USE MANY ACCOUNTS WHICH
COMPLICATES EFFORTS TO KEEP THEM
SAFE.
IT MIGHT PROVIDE EACH WORKER
WITH AN ACCOUNT ON WORKSPACE OR
M 365, MAYBE SOMETHING LIKE
DROPBOX.
CAMPAIGN WORKERS PROBABLY ALSO
USE AT LEAST ONE COMMUNICATION
TOOL LIKE A SLACK SIGNAL OR
WICKER AND SOCIAL MEDIA PRESENCE
ACROSS VARIOUS PROVIDERS LIKE
INSTAGRAM, TIKTOK, ZOOM, MEET,
TEAMS OR CONFERENCE PROVIDER.
PROBABLY USE PERSONAL SMS,
PHONE, PERSONAL E-MAIL AND
SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS TOO.
THERE'S A GOOD CHANCE THEY
UPDATED LINKED IN PROFILE TO
MENTION INVOLVEMENT WITH THE
CAMPAIGN AND THEN ACCOUNTS FOR
FUNDRAISING AND LIST OF ACCOUNTS
JUST KEEPS GOING ON.
AND ALL OF THESE ACCOUNTS CAN BE
TARGETED BY SOPHISTICATED
WELL-RESOURCED MOTIVATED
ATTACKERS.
AN IMPORTANT IMPLICATION IS THAT
THE INDIVIDUAL IS THE ONLY ONE
WHO HAS ACCESS TO OR KNOWLEDGE
OF ALL THE ACCOUNTS THAT AN
ATTACKER MIGHT TARGET.
WE SEE SIMILAR
CROSS-PLATFORM-RELATED THEMES
WITH OTHER AT-RISK GROUPS, A
MINOR MIGHT EXPERIENCE
HARASSMENT ON THE SCHOOL'S
DISCORD CHANNEL, PERSONAL
INSTAGRAM, SNAPCHAT, TIKTOK AND
MORE FROM THE SAME INCIDENT.
OR A SURVIVOR OF INTIMATE
PARTNER ABUSE MIGHT BE HARASS
THE PUBLICLY BY SOCIAL MEDIA
PROBABLY A MULTIPLE PLATFORMS
BUT PRIVATELY THROUGH DMs,
SMS, E-MAIL, SO ON.
NEXT.
AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW MULTIPLE
TYPES OF ATTACKS OCCUR AT THE
SAME TIME I'LL SHARE RESEARCH.
IN CREATORS EXPERIENCING ABUSE
IT'S NOT UNUSUAL TO FACE
MULTIPLE TYPES OF ATTACKS AT
ONCE.
FOR EXAMPLE, THINGS MAY START
WITH HARASSMENT OR TOXIC CONTENT
IN COMMENTS FROM ONE OR MORE
MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE OR
PERHAPS EVEN ANOTHER CREATOR.
ONCE THAT HAPPENS, IT'S NOT
UNUSUAL FOR ONE OR MORE OF THE
ATTACKERS TO ATTEMPT TO TAKE
OVER THE CREATOR'S ACCOUNTS,
FALSELY REPORT POLICY
VIOLATIONS, BROADLY SHARE HOME
ADDRESS.
IT'S NOT UNUSUAL FOR THE TOXIC
CONTENT OR OTHER ATTACKS TO
OCCUR ACROSS MULTIPLE PLATFORMS.
SOMETIMES EVEN SHOWING UP ON
SITES LIKE GOSSIP SITES OR
COMMUNITY FORUMS WHERE THE
CREATOR DOESN'T HAVE A PRESENCE
WHICH CAN MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO
KNOW ABOUT OR CONTROL.
ATTACKS LIKE THE DOCKING OF
CREATOR'S HOME AADDRESS, ONCE
THE ADDRESS IS SHARED ONLINE,
IT'S NOT UNUSUAL FOR PEOPLE TO
SEND THINGS TO THE CREATOR'S
HOME OR SHOW UP THERE IN PERSON.
AS BEFORE, CREATORS AROUND THE
ONLY AT-RISK GROUP THAT
EXPERIENCE THIS ABUSE.
WE'VE SEEN IT IN SURVIVES OF
INTIMATE PARTNER ABUSE,
POLITICAL CAMPAIGN WORKERS.
WOMEN OF SOUTH ASIA, YOUTH,
MORE.
WOULD ARGUE THESE THREE THINGS
THAT ABUSE TENDS TO OCCUR ACROSS
PLATFORMS, ATTACK TIMES, AND
MEDIUMS, HELP ILLUSTRATE
COMPLEXITY THAT CAN BE INVOLVED
IN TECH-FACILITATED ABUSE AND I
BELIEVE THAT SUGGESTS THE
PROBLEM CANNOT BE SOLVED BY A
SINGLE COMPANY OR EVEN INDUSTRY,
A PIECE OF OR SET OF REGULATIONS
AND SO ON.
NEXT.
SO IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE OUR GOAL
OF ADDRESSING THE DIGITAL SAFETY
NEEDS OF AT-RISK USERS TO HELP
CREATE SAFER AND MORE INCLUSIVE
EXPERIENCES FOR EVERYONE, I
ARGUE WE NEED TO COLLABORATE
ACROSS INDUSTRY, ACADEMIA,
GOVERNMENT, AND OTHER SECTORS ON
RESEARCH AND SOLUTIONS.
SO I WANT TO GIVE AN IMPORTANT
CAVEAT THAT WE'RE NOT AT A POINT
YET WHERE WE CAN -- WHERE WE
HAVE OR CAN QUICK CREATE A
CHECKLIST TO HELP KEEP ALL USERS
SAFE FROM TECH-FACILITATED
ABUSE.
AS A FIELD ADDRESSING DIGITAL
SAFETY NEEDS IS GROWING IN
MATURITY.
WE FIND EVEN EXPERTS DON'T
ALWAYS AGREE ON THE BEST COURSE
OF ACTION FOR A GIVEN SITUATION
OR CIRCUMSTANCE.
BUT WE'RE ALSO AT A POINT WHERE
THERE'S NO NEED TO START FROM
SCRATCH OR GIVE UP.
I HOPE WE CAN ALL WORK TOGETHER
TO CONTINUE TO MATURE THIS AREA
TO HELP IMPROVE DIGITAL SAFETY
FOR USERS AT SCALE.
NEXT.
OF COURSE, SUCH A BIG THANK YOU
TO THE MANY, MANY, MANY
COLLABORATORS I'VE WORKED WITH
OVER THE YEARS ON THIS TO OUR
EXCELLENT RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
GRACIOUS TO SHARE STORIES WITH
US, COUNTLESS PEOPLE WHO HAVE
ADVISED AND SUPPORTED THIS WORK
OVER THE YEARS TO THE ORGANIZERS
OF THIS EVENT FOR INVITING ME
AND ASKING ME HERE TO SPEAK, AND
FOR ALL OF YOU FOR YOUR WORK AND
YOUR ATTENTION RIGHT NOW.
I HOPE WE GET TO WORK TOGETHER.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT FANTASTIC
TALK.
NOW WE'LL BE HEARING FROM
MR. CHAD SNIFFEN.
CHAD, THE FLOOR IS YOURS.
>> I'M CHAD SNIFFEN WITH SAFETY
NET PROJECT STARTING WITH A
QUICK CORRECTION I DID NOT HAVE
A Ph.D.
I'M THE ONLY FACULTY MEMBER FOR
THIS WORKSHOP SERIES WHO DOES
NOT HAVE A DOCTORATE AND IT'S
GIVEN ME AN ENDLESS AMOUNT OF
GRADUATE SCHOOL ANXIETY, BEING
THAT I MIGHT ACCIDENTALLY
CONVINCE MYSELF TO GO BACK TO
GRADUATE SCHOOL WHICH I HOPE I
WILL NOT DO.
NEXT SLIDE.
I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE
OPPORTUNITY OF WORKING WITH
ADVOCATES FOR SURVIVORS OF
SEXUAL ASSAULT AND DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE AS COLLABORATORS AROUND
ABUSE.
TO START THAT OPPORTUNITY TO
DISCUSS THAT OPPORTUNITY I'M
GOING TO TALK ABOUT NATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH IN MY JOBS
IN THE SEXUAL ASSAULT AND
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FIELD OVER THE
LAST 25 YEARS I OFTEN FIND
MYSELF EXPLAINING INFRASTRUCTURE
OF WHAT WE HAVE AVAILABLE TO
RESEARCHERS TO HELP THEM BETTER
UNDERSTAND THEIR UNITS AND SO
THE KEY POINT IS THAT WE HAVE
THE LARGEST INFRASTRUCTURE IN
THE WORLD FOR RESPONDING TO THE
NEEDS OF SURVIVORS OF DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT AND
STALKING.
AND THE REASON FOR THAT
EXTENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE IS
FEDERAL LEGISLATION IN GENERAL
BUT ALSO SPECIFICALLY VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN ACT, FOR 30 YEARS
HAS BEEN FUNDING SERVICES
ALLOWING THEM TO GROW, ALLOWING
PEOPLE TO DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL
AND HAVE ENTIRE CAREERS IN THE
WORK OF PROVIDING SERVICES TO
SURVIVORS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
AND SEXUAL ASSAULT AND STALKING.
MOST OF THAT MONEY IS RUN
THROUGH THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OR CENTERS
FOR DISEASE CONTROL THROUGH DOJ
OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN, THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL
SEXUAL ASSAULT AND DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE COALITION PROGRAM,
SPECIFICALLY TO FUND CREATION OF
COLLABORATIVE BODIES FOR EVERY
STATE AND TERRITORY IN THE
UNITED STATES, TO COORDINATE
SERVICES AND PROVIDE ASSIST
ASSISTANCE TO LOCAL PROGRAMS.
PART OF THE COMPREHENSIVENESS IS
TO THE COALITION'S PROGRAM AND
SO THAT EVERY STATE AND
TERRITORY IN THE UNITED STATES
HAS LIKE A REPRESENTATIVE BODY
THAT CAN BE ACCESSED BY
RESEARCHERS BUT PRIMARILY BY
ADVOCATES TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE
AND COORDINATION.
AND SO, ONE OF THE REASONS FOR
HIGHLIGHTING THAT NATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE IS THERE'S NO
PARALLEL NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR VICTIMS OF ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT.
IF I EXPERIENCED ONLINE
HARASSMENT OR ABUSE, MY OPTIONS
FOR SUPPORT ARE TO GO TO PEER
GROUPS ONLINE, PERHAPS CONTACT
THE PLATFORM THAT I EXPERIENCED
ABUSE ON, OR TO GO TO MY OWN
SOCIAL MEDIA AND LOOK FOR HELP
AND CONNECT WITH OTHER PEOPLE
AROUND THE SAME TIMES OF
HARASSMENT BUT THERE'S NOT AN
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THAT SUPPORT.
BUT THERE IS A LOT OF CROSSOVER
BETWEEN ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT AND DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT,
STALKING, WHICH I BELIEVE WAS
PRETTY WELL COVERED YESTERDAY,
HIGHLIGHTING THE FACT OF THOSE
OVERLAPS.
SO WHAT THAT MEANS IS ADVOCATES
PROVIDING SERVICES FOR DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT,
TALKING, ALSO OFTEN FIND
THEMSELVES HELPING PEOPLE MANAGE
ONLINE ABUSE AND HARASSMENT THEY
HAVE EXPERIENCED.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND SO, DURING THE PANDEMIC THE
SAFETY NET TEAM SURVEYED THE
FIELD ABOUT HOW ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT IS COMING INTO
SHELTERS AND TECH ABUSE ISSUES
THAT ADVOCATES FIND THEMSELVES
HELPING SURVIVORS DEAL WITH, THE
NUMBER ONE FORM OF ABUSE WAS
VARIOUS HARASSMENT BEING
FACILITATED THROUGH TECHNOLOGY,
ALSO FACT OF LIMITING ACCESS TO
TECHNOLOGY, WHICH BASICALLY
WOULD BE LIKE TAKING AWAY
PHONES, DESTROYING PHONES,
TAKING OVER ONLINE ACCOUNTS, AND
ABUSERS HARMING SURVIVORS BY
LIMITING ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY,
OR ABUSERS OR ABUSIVE PEOPLE
SURVEILLING THE TARGETS OF THEIR
ABUSE, SURVIVORS OF ABUSE
THROUGH TECHNOLOGY.
AND THEN THE COMMON TECHNOLOGY
ARE PHONES AND SOCIAL MEDIA,
MESSAGING APPS, VEHICLES FOR
THAT ABUSE.
AND SO SURVIVORS WITHOUT SAFE
ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY NOT ONLY
DID THEY EXPERIENCE ABUSE
THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGIES THEY
HAD WITH THEM BUT THEY ALSO
EXPERIENCED LOTS OF BARRIERS TO
TALKING TO ADVOCATES, FINDING
RESOURCES, FINDING HEALTH
THROUGH GOVERNMENT, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, THROUGH FINDING
HELP, EXPERIENCE BARRIERS TO
HELP FROM OTHER SOCIAL NETWORKS
AND FRIENDS AND FAMILIES.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND SO, PART OF THE NATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE AS I MENTIONED
WAS STATE AND TERRITORY
COALITIONS.
AND SO PART OF THE PURPOSE OF
STATE AND TERRITORY COALITIONS
IS PROVIDE TRAINING AND
TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS TO
ADVOCATES, ADVOCATES WHO
TYPICALLY FOCUS ON IMMEDIATE
THREATS, PHYSICAL SAFETY OF
SURVIVORS THEY ARE WORKING WITH,
THEY OFTEN FOR VERY GOOD REASONS
DON'T FEEL EQUIPPED TO DEAL WITH
ONLINE ABUSE AND HARASSMENT
BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT TECHNOLOGY
SPECIALISTS.
THEY HAVE TO LEARN AS THEY GO
AND THEY CAN GREATLY BENEFIT
FROM HELP WITH THAT PROCESS OF
LEARNING AS THEY GO.
SO THEY GENERALLY TURN TO THEIR
STATE OR TERRITORIAL COALITION
FOR HELP AND TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE IN DEALING WITH
TECHNOLOGY PROBLEMS THAT
SURVIVORS ARE FACING AND
COALITIONS WHO GENERALLY
SPEAKING ARE ALSO MADE UP OF
ADVOCATES OFTEN TURN TO IF THEY
ARE NOT THEMSELVES TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE PROVIDERS OR HAVE
THAT TYPE OF EXPERTISE TURN TO
NATIONAL PROVIDERS TO HELP THEM
SUPPORT LOCAL ADVOCATES AND
NATIONAL T-A PROVIDERS WITH
GRANTS TO HELP STATE COALITIONS
AND LOCAL AGENCIES WITH SPECIFIC
TOPICS.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND SO ORGANIZATION THAT I WORK
FOR, NATIONAL NETWORK, IS ONE OF
THOSE PROVIDERS, WE COVER LOTS
OF TOPICAL AREAS LIKE ECONOMIC
JUSTICE, COALITION CAPACITY
BUILDING, TRADITIONAL HOUSING.
WE WORK WITH INTERSECTION OF
HIV/AIDS AND SURVIVORS, LEGAL
ASSISTANCE, ALSO (TECHNICAL
DIFFICULTIES TECHNOLOGY SAFETY
AND CONFIDENTIALITY AND WORK ON
POLICY AT FEDERAL LEVEL AND LOTS
OF PARTNERSHIP WAS GOOGLE AND
META AND APPLE AND UBER AND A
VARIETY OF OTHER TECH-FOCUSED
COMPANIES.
SO THIS IS -- THE SAFETY NET
PROJECT I SPECIFICALLY TALK
ABOUT.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND WE HAVE A BUNCH OF
PRINCIPLES THAT WE THINK ABOUT
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT TECHNOLOGY
SAFETY THAT DOESN'T NECESSARILY
RELATE TO THE OPPORTUNITY OF
COLLABORATION BUT THIS IS HOW WE
THINK ABOUT TECHNOLOGY SAFETY.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO, THE TOOLS AND RESOURCES THAT
SAFETY NET AND OTHER NATIONAL
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDE TO
STATE COALITIONS AND ADVOCATES
CAN MASSIVELY IMPACT THE
EXPERIENCE THAT SURVIVORS OF
ONLINE ABUSE AND HARASSMENT HAVE
WHEN THEIR ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT INTERSECTS.
SO, AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR
RESEARCH, THERE'S JUST MANY
OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH, BY
WORKING NOT ONLY WITH LOCAL
PROVIDERS WITH ADVOCATES WHO
WORK WITH SURVIVORS BUT ALSO
WITH STATE COALITIONS OFTEN
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDERS
AND VARIOUS NATIONAL GROUPS THAT
PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.
MY REASON FOR GIVING THE
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF
THESE ORGANIZATIONS THERE'S LOTS
OF PLACES TO GO DEPENDING WHAT
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR.
IF YOU'RE LOOKING TO DO
SOMETHING THAT IS NATIONAL IN
SCOPE, ONE OF THE NATIONAL
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDERS
IS A GOOD PLACE TO START.
IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR SOMETHING
MORE STATE OR LOCAL, THE STATE
COALITION OR THROUGH THEM ARE A
GREAT WAY TO ACCESS ADVOCATES
HAVING THESE EXPERIENCES EVERY
DAY WITH PEOPLE SURVIVING AND
DEALING WITH SEQUENCES OF ONLINE
ABUSE AND HARASSMENT.
AND SO WHEN YOU'RE CONSIDERING
THAT COLLABORATIVE OUTREACH,
THESE ARE THE THINGS IN MY
CAREER, BOTH AT LOCAL SERVICE
PROVIDERS, UNIVERSITIES, AND
STATE AND NATIONAL TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE PROVIDERS, WE'RE
LOOKING FOR THE BEST WAY TO
SUPPORT SURVIVORS, RIGHT?
WHEN YOU'RE CONSIDERING HOW TO
MAKE COLLABORATION OUTREACH LEAD
WITH INTENDED BENEFITS, ALSO
UNDERSTAND RECIPIENTS HAVE
STRICT CONFIDENTIALITY
OBLIGATIONS.
THAT ARE NOT SIMILAR TO HIPAA,
THEY ARE DIFFERENT, ALTHOUGH
KIND OF ALIKE IN SOMEWHAT IN
SCOPE.
VERY SPECIFIC TO THE VITAL
FUNDING THAT CREATES THESE
RESOURCES AND CREATES JOBS FOR
ADVOCATES.
ALSO ADVOCATES ARE PROTECTIVE OF
SURVIVORS, HERE TO SUPPORT THEM.
WE RESPECT AND USE RESEARCH,
THAT'S NOT THE PRIMARY FOCUS OF
MOST ADVOCATES.
COALITIONS ARE PROTECTIVE OF
ADVOCATES AND COMMUNITY AGENCIES
THAT THEY REPRESENT, IN GENERAL
COALITIONS AND NATIONAL
PROVIDERS SHOULD BE THOUGHT OF
AS GATE-KEEPERS, NOT GATEWAYS TO
ADVOCATES AND SURVIVORS THEY
SERVE, THAT'S AN IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATION TO HAVE WHEN YOU
CONSIDER HOW TO DO A
COLLABORATION OUTREACH, TO ANY
ORGANIZATION IN OUR FIELD.
ALSO SOMETHING THAT'S IMPORTANT,
PREVENTION FUNDING IS NOT
BILATERAL BETWEEN SEXUAL ASSAULT
AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE
UNITED STATES.
EVEN THE IDEA OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BEING
SEPARATE AREAS OF CONCERN IS TO
SOME EXTENT A U.S. PHENOMENON
BECAUSE OF THE WAY OF THE
EFFORTS ARE FUNDED.
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL,
THEY CONTROL PROGRAMMING AND
FUNDING, MUCH AS I'M SURE
EVERYONE AT NIH THINKS OF
PREVENTION USES MEDICAL MODEL OF
PREVENTION, AND MY MASTER'S
DEGREE IS IN PUBLIC HEALTH AND
THAT WAS PRIMARILY WHAT I HAVE
DONE THROUGH MOST OF MY CAREER
IS RPE-FUNDED PREVENTION-FOCUSED
EDUCATION WITH THAT MEDICAL
MODEL OF PREVENTION AND LENS FOR
PREVENTION.
THAT TYPE OF FUNDING AND FOCUS
IS NOT THE SAME FOR DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE.
THERE'S BEEN SOME DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE FUNDING THROUGH DELTA
PROGRAMS AND SOME PROGRAMS, BUT
IT IS NOWHERE NEAR AS
COMPREHENSIVE AS PREVENTION
EDUCATION FUNDING ON SEXUAL
ASSAULT SIDE OF THINGS.
IF YOU HAVE A PREVENTION IDEA OR
INITIATIVE YOU MAY WANT TO
CONSIDER THAT WHEN CONSIDERING
WHAT TYPES OF PROVIDERS OR STATE
COALITION.
THAT I BELIEVE IS MY -- OH, I
HAVE TO CHECK.
YEAH, THAT IS THE END OF MY
PRESENTATION.
I WON'T SAY HI TO ALL MY FRIENDS
ON THIS LIST BUT ALAINA ROBERTS
AND LIST ROSENTHAL WHO HELPED
CREATE THE MOVEMENT WE HAVE
TODAY.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT
THOUGHTFUL AND ENGAGING
PRESENTATION AND WOULD LIKE TO
TURN THINGS OVER TO DR. SASHA
ROMANOWSKI.
PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>> HI, EVERYONE.
GOOD AFTERNOON.
WHAT I WANTED TO SHARE WITH YOU
TODAY ARE RESULTS FROM A
RESEARCH PROJECT WE STARTED A
NUMBER OF YEARS AGO, A
THREE-YEAR-LONG RESEARCH PROJECT
TO UNDERSTAND PREVALENCE AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF CYBER
TALKING, IN ADDITION TO DATA
COLLECTION AND UNDERSTAND
CHALLENGE THE LEGAL SYSTEM,
PROSECUTORS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT,
FACE WHEN BRINGING THESE CASES,
THESE CRIMINAL CASES.
THIS IS WORK INITIALLY SPONSORED
BY NIJ, AND WE'LL PRETEND IT'S
NOVEMBER 8 INSTEAD OF DECEMBER
8, BUT LET'S CONTINUE.
SO WHAT WE WANTED TO UNDERSTAND,
LARGER INTEREST IN UNDERSTANDING
TECHNOLOGY-FACILITATED ABUSE.
WE TOOK A PARTICULAR SCOPE, TO
UNDERSTAND CYBER STALKING,
BECAUSE WE RECOGNIZE THROUGH
SPEAKING WITH OTHER SENIOR
POLICY EXPERTS AND OFFICIALS IN
DOJ AND OTHER AGENCIES THIS HAS
BECOME A PARTICULARLY DEVIOUS
FORM OF CRIME.
SO IT'S NOT TOO MUCH OF A
STRETCH OF IMAGINATION TO THINK
THAT TRADITIONAL CRIMES LIKE
STALKING CAN BE COMMITTED IN
MANY DIFFERENT WAYS USING
TECHNOLOGY.
AND SO IT ALSO MAY BE TRUE THERE
WASN'T GREAT UNDERSTANDING ABOUT
THESE CRIMES, SPECIFICALLY THE
PREVALENCE, EVEN FIRST ORDER OF
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW MANY CASES
ACTUALLY EXISTED, AT THE FEDERAL
LEVEL, AND WHAT THE CHARACTERS
WERE, WERE THEY SUPER
SOPHISTICATED IN TERMS OF
TECHNOLOGY OR JUST BASIC
RUN-OF-THE-MILL TEXT MESSAGES
AND E-MAIL?
WE USED A NUMBER OF METHODS.
FIRST, AS I MENTIONED,
INTERVIEWS.
ACTUALLY LET'S GO TO THE NEXT
SLIDE.
AND SO, THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
SO, FIRST OF ALL, HOW MANY CASES
EXIST, HOW MANY CRIMINAL CASES
EXISTED IN THE FEDERAL COURTS?
WE'RE AWARE A BODY OF -- THERE'S
A LARGE BODY OF CASES AT THE
STATE LEVEL, BUT FOR OUR PURPOSE
WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE MORE
IMPACTFUL CRIMES AT THE FEDERAL
LEVEL.
AND THEN OF THOSE, IN FACT WAS
IT EVEN POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE
NUMBER OF CASES TO BEGIN WITH?
THAT WAS ANOTHER QUESTION.
THEN CONDITIONED ON BEING ABLE
TO -- WHAT ARE THE MAIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF THOSE CASES
IN TERMS OF PUNISH.
S, CONVICTION RATES, PENALTIES,
STALKING BEHAVIOR.
ET CETERA.
I WON'T HAVE TIME TO GO ALL
DETAILS.
WE WANTED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT ARE
THE OBSTACLES FOR PROSECUTORS
AND LAW ENFORCEMENT, SOMETHING
WE HEAR OFTEN IS THAT FIRST THE
LEGAL SYSTEM IS ALWAYS SLOW TO
CATCH UP, TO ADDRESS TECHNOLOGY
CRIMES, AND THAT JUDGES AND
PROSECUTORS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT,
THE POLICE AND FBI, ARE ALSO NOT
ALWAYS EQUIPPED TO EITHER
UNDERSTAND OR INVESTIGATE
DIGITAL CRIMES SO WHAT ARE THE
CHALLENGES THAT THEY FACE.
SO THE METHODS.
FIRST WE WANTED TO FIGURE OUT
COULD WE IDENTIFY ALL OF THE
FEDERALLY PROSECUTED CYBER
STALKING CASES.
IF SO, COLLECT ALL THE DATA AND
DO ANALYSIS.
AND THEN INTERVIEWS WITH THE
SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS.
GIVEN THAT THROUGH SOME
PRELIMINARY WORK WE WERE ABLE TO
FIND THE CASES, WE WENT AND
COLLECTED ALL OF THE DOCKET
INFORMATION FOR THESE CASES.
SO THE COMPLAINTS, INDICTMENTS,
PLEA AGREEMENTS, PRE-SENTENCE
INVESTIGATION REPORTS, ALL THE
INFORMATION THAT WOULD PROVIDE
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CASE THAT
WE COULD CODE AND GO STUDY.
AND WE WANTED TO -- SEE IF WE
COULD APPLY AT SCALE NATURAL AN
LAG FROESESSING AND MACHINE
LEARNING TECHNIQUES, IN ADDITION
TO STANDARD REGRESSION ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUES.
WHAT IS CYBER TALKING?
SO 2261A2 STATES WHOEVER WITH
INTENT TO KILL, INJURE, HARASS,
USING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
SERVICE, SO E-MAIL, TEXT, SOCIAL
MEDIA, TO IMPOSE FEAR OF DEATH,
SEVERE EMOTIONAL DISTRESS.
THIS SITS BELOW TALKING, 2261A,
WHICH SITS BELOW DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE.
SO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, REGULAR
STALKING AND CYBER STALKING.
TO GIVE AN IDEA WHAT KINDS OF
CASES THESE INCLUDE THERE'S THE
COLLECTION OF CASES THAT RELATE
TO SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, CHILD
EXPLOITATION, BUT THERE ARE
OTHERS.
NEXT, FOR EXAMPLE ONE CASE OF
RELATIONSHIP GONE BAD, THE
BOYFRIEND SENDING DOZENS OF
TEXTS, E-MAIL MESSAGES TO AN
EX-GIRLFRIEND, THE FAMILY OF THE
EX-GIRLFRIEND, THE EMPLOYER OF
THE EX-GIRLFRIEND INCLUDING
THREATENING MESSAGES, AND SO
THIS BOYFRIEND ALSO WENT TO THE
U.S. POSTAL SERVICE TO PUT A
STOP ON THE MAIL OF THE
EX-GIRLFRIEND'S PARENTS AND
SIGNED THE EX-GIRLFRIEND UP FOR
ALL SORTS OF INAPPROPRIATE
CATALOGS AND MAILINGS.
THIS PERSISTENT BEHAVIOR IS ONE
EXAMPLE.
NEXT ONE.
IN ANOTHER CASE, WHAT SEEMED TO
APPEAR AS A RELIGIOUSLY
MOTIVATED ATTACK, AN INDIVIDUAL
SENT A TWEET THAT INCLUDED AN
IMAGE THAT INDUCED AN EPILEPTIC
SEIZURE IN THE VICTIM READING
IT.
I WOULDN'T HAVE THOUGHT THIS WAS
POSSIBLE BUT THEY DID.
IN ADDITION, THERE IS OTHER
STALKING BEHAVIOR BUT ONE OF
THESE CASES INVOLVING PHYSICAL
ARM, THIS IS IMPORTANT
CHARACTERISTIC.
IN ANOTHER CASE, TO POLITICAL
OPPONENTS, RUNNING FOR OFFICE,
PRINCIPAL WITHIN THE SCHOOL, ONE
OF THEM SENDING MESSAGES
PUBLICLY ALLEGING THE OPPONENT
ENGAGED IN MISCONDUCT REGARDING
THE SCHOOL, OR REGARDING ONE OF
THE STUDENTS.
THIS GIVES A SENSE OF THE VERY
STRANGE BEHAVIORS THAT EXIST.
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF
GANG-RELATED CASES, OTHER
SCHOOL-RELATED CASES, BUSINESS
PARTNERS.
BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP GOING BAD
AND SO ONE PARTNER STALKING
ANOTHER PARTNER AND SPOUSE OVER
A NUMBER OF YEARS AND YEARS,
BUSINESS OWNERS COLLECTING
INFORMATION ABOUT CUSTOMERS AND
STALKING CUSTOMERS AND MANY
DIFFERENT KINDS OF STRANGE BUT
INTERESTING BEHAVIORS.
SO ONE OF THE INTERESTING
CHARACTERISTICS THAT EMERGED
FROM THIS WAS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT
THE RELATIONSHIP WAS BETWEEN THE
OFFENDER AND THE VICTIM SO TO
GIVE, AGAIN, HIGH LEVEL
STATISTICS FOR ANY WHO ARE
WONDERING, AT THE START OF THIS,
HOW MANY FEDERALLY PROSECUTED
CASES THERE HAVE BEEN IN THE
PAST TEN YEARS, THE ANSWER IS
412.
AND WHAT WE FIND AND
CHARACTERIZE, THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN OFFENDER AND VICTIM YES
IN A GOOD PROPORTION OF CASES, A
LITTLE MORE THAN HALF, 60%,
THERE'S A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP, SO
NOT ALWAYS CIRCUMSTANCES OF
STALKING A CELEBRITY OR ATHLETE
BUT THAT EXISTS AS A USE CASE.
A LOT OF THE TIME IT IS INTIMATE
PARTNER, GIRLFRIEND/BOYFRIEND,
HUSBAND/WIFE, SEPARATING,
STALKING BEHAVIOR BETWEEN THEM.
IN OTHER CASES I MENTIONED
STALKING BEHAVIOR BETWEEN
SCHOOLMATES OR WITHIN THE
WORKPLACE, BOSS OF AN EMPLOYEE,
OWNER AND CUSTOMER, ET CETERA.
AND THEN AGAIN A PROPORTION OF
CASES RELATED TO CHILD
EXPLOITATION, CELEBRITY.
AND THEN OF COURSE THE STRANGER,
YOU KNOW, THE STRANGER, WHEN THE
OFFENDER IS NOT KNOWN BY THE
VICTIM, SO-CALLED STRANGER CASES
A LITTLE OVER 20%.
CHILD EXPLOITATION, CELEBRITY
AND PUBLIC FIGURE.
20% OF CASES HAD NO INFORMATION,
PROBABLY DUE TO CHILD AND OTHER
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND SO WHAT ARE THE OTHER
CHARACTERISTICS WE WANT TO
UNDERSTAND, BECAUSE WE HAD
AVAILABLE TO US OTHER CHARGES
THAT WERE BROUGHT IN THESE
CRIMINAL CASES, AND SO WE WANTED
TO UNDERSTAND, WELL, ARE THERE
ANY PATTERNS, WHAT DO THE
COMMUNITY OF CASES LOOK LIKE,
ARE THEY JUST STALKING CASES OR
DO THEY INVOLVE OTHER BEHAVIORS
THAT WOULD CHARACTERIZE THEM IN
CERTAIN WAYS?
AND SO WHAT WE WERE ABLE TO DO
WAS APPLY SOME BASIC NETWORK
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO THESE
CASES IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THESE
COMMUNITIES.
SO ON THE TOP RIGHT, WE HAVE THE
SET OF CASES THAT RELATE TO
CHILD EXPLOITATION, SEX
TRANSPORTATION, HUMAN
TRAFFICKING TYPE CASES.
ON THE LOWER RIGHT THOSE THAT
RELATE TO FRAUD, HACKING,
IDENTITY THEFT.
AND EXTORTION, THREATS,
RACKETEERING, MORE SEVERE,
FIREARMS, KIDNAPPING.
INTERESTING HOW COMMUNITIES
SEPARATED AMONG ALL THE DATA AND
CASES.
WE'VE APPLIED THIS TO A SAMPLE
OF COMPUTER HACKING CASES AND
THE SAME PATTERNS HAVE NOT
EMERGED.
IT'S QUITE A QUESTION WHETHER
YOU ALWAYS GET THESE VISITING
COMMUNITIES OF CASES IN CRIMINAL
SITUATIONS, CRIMINAL STATUTES.
FOR OUR CASE HERE IT WAS QUITE
REVEALING TO FIND THIS.
AND NEXT SLIDE.
AND THEN FINALLY I'LL END WITH
THIS.
THROUGH THE INTERVIEWS, WE
COLLECTED A GOOD DEAL OF
INFORMATION AGAIN FROM
PROSECUTORS, JUDGES, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, REGARDING THE
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES THEY FACE,
AND THE PROBLEMS IN BRINGING A
CASE, INVESTIGATING A CASE, OR
PRESENTING IT IN FRONT OF A
JUDGE OR JURY.
ONE OF THE FIRST BIG INSIGHTS
THAT EMERGED WAS THAT BECAUSE OF
BASED ON WHAT WE FOUND AND
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFENDER
AND VICTIM THAT THERE'S SUCH A
LARGE PERCENTAGE OF CASES WHERE
THERE'S A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP
THAT WE CAN NO LONGER RELY ON
THIS NOTION OF STRANGER DANGER
AS MANTRA FOR TRYING TO EDUCATE
CHILDREN, YOUTH, ADULTS, AS A
MEANS TO AVOID POTENTIAL HARM.
BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY WE ENCOUNTER
STRANGERS ALL THE TIME, GET IN
CARS, THEY DELIVER US FOOD.
CONCLUSION, WE NEED A NEW WAY OF
BOTH IDENTIFYING RED FLAGS WHEN
COMMUNICATING WITH PEOPLE,
EITHER ONE ON ONE IN PERSON OR
ONLINE, MAYBE ESPECIALLY ONLINE,
AND NEW WAYS OF PACKAGING THAT
INFORMATION UP AND DELIVERING IT
TO YOUTH AND ADULTS.
>> SORRY TO INTERRUPT.
I WOULD LOVE TO HAVE A FEW
MINUTES FOR QUESTIONS, SO IF YOU
MIGHT BE ABLE TO WRAP THIS UP WE
WOULD APPRECIATE IT.
>> OKAY, RUNNING OVER, ALL
RIGHT.
SO QUICKLY INTEND TO HARM, A
CLAUSE IN THE STATUTE THAT
REQUIRES INTENT TO HARM, AND
THIS SEEMS PROBLEMATIC, ALLOWS
PEOPLE TO USE IT AS A LOOPHOLE
THEY DIDN'T INTEND, THEY SET UP
FACEBOOK GROUP OR SOCIAL MEDIA
GROUP WITH IMAGES OF OTHERS
PRIVATE IMAGES, BUT THEN FELT
THEY WERE NOT CRIMINALLY LIABLE
UNDER THE STATUTE BECAUSE THEY
DIDN'T INTEND FOR THE VICTIM TO
SEE THEM, SUGGESTING MAYBE WE
NEED TO UPDATE HERE.
I'LL LEAVE IT HERE IF WE'RE OUT
OF TIME.
HAPPY TO FOLLOW UP.
WE'VE PUBLISHED RESEARCH ON
THIS.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, I'LL BEGIN WITH A
HUGE THANK YOU TO THE THREE
EXCELLENT PRESENTATIONS.
THANK YOU.
PLEASE ADD QUESTIONS VIA Q&A OR
IF YOU'RE ATTENDING THE
VIDEOCAST USE THE "LIVE
FEEDBACK" FORM.
AND TO STAY ON TIME WE DON'T
HAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS BUT I'M
WONDERING IF I MIGHT START WITH
A QUESTION TO ALL THREE
PANELISTS, I WOULD APPRECIATE AN
ANSWER.
DO WE HAVE A QUESTION?
DR. BIGELOW?
>> I DIDN'T MEAN TO BARGE IN ON
THERE.
I'LL ASK MY QUESTION.
I WANT TO THANK SONNY CONSALVO
FOR PRESENTING.
I'M FASCINATING TO HEAR ABOUT
COLLABORATIONS YOU'RE DOING.
IS SOME CONSIDERATION GIVEN TO
PROVIDE VARIOUS KINDS OF
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASETS THAT
COULD BE USED BY RESEARCHERS WHO
ARE INTERESTED IN UNDERSTANDING
MORE ABOUT KIND OF THE
VICTIMIZATION AND HARMS THAT
OCCUR ONLINE, IT SEEMS THAT
WOULD BE A TREMENDOUS RESOURCE
TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE IN THE
FIELD.
>> SURE, THANK YOU.
I CAN ONLY PARTIALLY SPEAK TO
THIS.
THERE ARE MANY EFFORTS GOING
INTO INVESTIGATING THIS.
ONE STUDENT WE'RE WORKING WITH
FROM CORNELL IS LOOKING INTO
ETHICS OF SHARING THESE TYPES
MUCH DATASETS.
I'M CHECK TO CHECK BACK IF I
CHECK ON THINGS, PERSONALLY I
FOCUS ON QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AND I HAPPEN TO BE SOMEBODY WHO
IS VERY HESITANT TO SHARE THAT
DATA.
I MEAN, WE USUALLY LOCK THAT
DOWN WITHIN THE COMPANY, MOST
PEOPLE WITHIN THE COMPANY CAN'T
EVEN ACCESS OUR RAW DATA BECAUSE
OF THE POTENTIAL RISK TO
PARTICIPANTS OR BEING IDENTIFIED
OR ANYTHING.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT AREA,
HIGHLY COMPLICATED BUT VERY
SMART PEOPLE ARE WORKING ON IT
AND SO I WOULD BE VERY HAPPY TO
FOLLOW UP WITH YOU ABOUT THIS.
I KNOW THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS
BEING DISCUSSED AND DEBATED,
PEOPLE ARE LOOKING INTO HOW TO
DO THIS SAFELY, NOT JUST IN OUR
COMPANY BUT ALSO LIKE I SAID
THERE'S A CORNELL STUDENT WHO IS
LOOKING INTO THIS NOW.
YEAH, THIS ONE'S A TOUGH ONE.
I HOPE THAT ANSWERED YOUR
QUESTION.
>> THAT WAS VERY HELPFUL.
I THINK TO SPEAK TO THAT
COMPLEXITY I'M WONDERING A
QUESTION I WOULD POSE TO ALL THE
PANELISTS, IN THE TWO REMAINING
MINUTES, YOU TALKED ABOUT SUCH
FASCINATING AND DIFFERENT,
DIFFERENT FACETS OF THIS, OF
SOLVING THIS PROBLEM AND SUNNY
TALKED ABOUT RESEARCH AND
SOLUTIONS.
WONDERING IF EACH OF YOU MIGHT
TAKE A MINUTE JUST TO SAY WHAT
ARE, IF YOU HAD TO LEAVE
LISTENERS WITH SORT OF ONE KEY
MESSAGE ABOUT YOUR
RECOMMENDATIONS, THINGS TO
CONSIDER WHEN YOU'RE PARTNERING
ACROSS SECTORS AND ACROSS
DISCIPLINES WHAT IS ONE THING
YOU THINK WE SHOULD KNOW?
>> SURE, I'VE BEEN WORKING
ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND ACROSS
SECTORS FOR MOST OF MY CAREER.
I THINK PRACTICALLY SPEAKING ONE
OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS TO
SET EXPECTATIONS UP FRONT.
WHEN I START TO ENGAGE IN
SOMETHING, USUALLY ACADEMICS
OFTEN THE PRIMARY GOAL IS
PUBLISHING, THAT'S USUALLY NOT
MY TOP GOAL.
OFTEN I DO PUBLISH BUT TOP GOAL
IS FIGURE OUT HOW TO HELP MAKE
TECHNOLOGY SAFER FOR OUR USERS
AND PARTICULARLY AT-RISK USERS.
I THINK ALIGNING ON
EXPECTATIONS, I HAVE TO GO
THROUGH INTERNAL REVIEW PROCESS
FOR PUBLISHING SO I LET MY
COLLABORATORS KNOW THAT MEANS WE
HAVE TO HAVE A BASICALLY FULL
PAPER DRAFT, TWO TO THREE WEEKS
IN ADVANCE OF A PUBLICATION
DEADLINE.
MANY OF THEM ARE USED TO WORKING
ALL NIGHT, RIGHT UP UNTIL THE
END, I TRY TO GET THAT OUT OF
THE WAY UP FRONT.
OTHERWISE IT CAN LEAD TO SERIOUS
PROBLEMS ONCE MULTIPLE PARTIES
INVESTED A LOT OF TIME AND
THINGS DON'T WORK OUT THE WAY
EVERYONE INTENDED.
SO, I THINK TALKING THROUGH THAT
STUFF.
IF THERE'S A PROBLEM WITH MY
REVIEW, CAN YOU JUST DROP MY
NAME AND PUBLISH ANYWAY, WITHOUT
ME ON THERE.
I KNOW SOME PEOPLE HAVE AN
ETHICAL PROBLEM WITH THAT, SO I
THINK WORKING THOSE THINGS OUT
AT THE START OF A PROJECT.
AND UNDERSTANDING THAT SOMETIMES
YOU HAVE TO REVISIT THOSE THINGS
AS THINGS CHANGE.
IT'S JUST REALLY IMPORTANT TO
KEEP THOSE VERY OPEN LINES OF
DIALOGUE GOING.
>> FANTASTIC.
THANK YOU FOR SHARING.
CHAD OR SASHA, ANY OTHER
THOUGHTS?
>> YEAH, SO SAFETY NET IN
GENERAL HAS BEEN A PART OF
VARIOUS RESEARCH PROJECTS,
BROUGHT IN AS ADVISORS IN
VARIOUS RESEARCH PROJECTS.
THEY ALL HAD DEFINITIONS OF A
PROBLEM, A HUGE CONCERN.
WHAT I BROUGHT UP YESTERDAY,
THERE'S IS NOT A COMMON LANGUAGE
AND COMMON GLOBAL DEFINITIONS.
HAVE BEEN COMPETING ATTEMPTS TO
DEFINE VARIOUS ATTEMPTS.
THE U.N. HAS A RECENT
PUBLICATION THAT HAS SEVERAL
DEFINITIONS, SEVERAL OTHER
GROUPS IN THE U.S. HAVE
DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS.
AND THEY DON'T MATCH UP.
AND SO LIKE TO ADVANCE THE
RESEARCH AGENDA FOR ONLINE ABUSE
AND HARASSMENT THERE HAS TO BE
AT SOME POINT SOME COMMON
UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT THE
PROBLEM LOOKS LIKE AND HOW IT'S
DEFINED.
THAT JUST DOESN'T EXIST YET.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, CHAD.
SASHA, ANY THOUGHTS YOU WOULD
LIKE TO ADD?
NO, NOT FOR THIS QUESTION.
ALL THE CHALLENGES I FACE,
COLLABORATING WITH OTHERS IS
GENERALLY VERY POSITIVE.
SO NOTHING TO ADD.
>> WONDERFUL.
WELL, I THINK GIVEN THE TIMING
OF THINGS, IF PEOPLE HAVE MORE
QUESTIONS FOR ANY OF OUR
PANELISTS, PLEASE MAKE SURE TO
ADD THEM AT ANY POINT IN TIME IN
THE Q&A OR SUBMIT THEM VIA THE
VIDEOCAST LINK BECAUSE WE WILL
HAVE A DISCUSSION AT THE END,
AFTER THE NEXT PANEL, AND SO WE
CAN REVISIT ANY QUESTIONS THAT
FOLKS MAY HAVE HAD THAT WE
DIDN'T HAVE TIME FOR RIGHT AT
THIS MOMENT.
AND NOW I WOULD LIKE TO TURN
THINGS OVER TO MY COLLEAGUE DR.
GILBERT MODERATING THE NEXT
SESSION.
SO DR. GILBERT, I TURN IT OVER
TO YOU.
>> THANK YOU, BETH.
WELCOME, EVERYBODY.
I'M LEAH GILBERT, MEDICAL CENTER
AND PROGRAM OFFICIAL, OVERSEE
PORTFOLIO, VIOLENCE AFFECTING
CHILDREN.
DELIGHTED TO MODERATE SESSION 5
ON RESEARCH APPROACHES FOR
PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION.
OUR SPEAKERS WILL BE DR. JEFF
GOTFRIED, FOLLOWED BY DR.
KATHERINE MACAPAGAL, DEPARTMENT
OF MEDICINE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND
INSTITUTE FOR SEXUAL AND GENDER
MINORITY AT NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY.
WE'LL HAVE DR. KRISTA MEHARI,
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AT
VANDERBILT AND SABRINA BOYCE AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
BERKELEY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC
HEALTH.
AND I WILL NOW PASS TO DR.
GOTTFRIED.
>> I'M THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF
INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
AT PEW RESEARCH CENTER.
I'M GOING TO TALK FIRST ON WHAT
THE KEY ASPECT OF HOW WE HAVE
GONE ABOUT STUDYING ONLINE
HARASSMENT AT PEW RESEARCH.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
BEFORE I START, I WANT TO GIVE A
LITTLE BIT OF INFORMATION ABOUT
MY ORGANIZATION.
FOR THOSE WHO MAY NOT BE
FAMILIAR WITH PEW RESEARCH, WE
ARE A NONPARTISAN, WE DON'T MAKE
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS.
THE GOAL TO PROVIDE FACTS, TO
INFORM PUBLIC DIALOGUE AND SOUND
DECISION MAKING.
WE RELY ON A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT
METHODOLOGIES INCLUDING PUBLIC
OPINION POLLING, WHAT I'LL FOCUS
ON TODAY.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO AT THIS CENTER WE HAVE
STUDIED ONLINE HARASSMENT FOR A
NUMBER OF YEARS NOW.
THERE ARE MANY CONSIDERATIONS
WITH STUDYING THIS TOPIC.
FIRST IS UNDERSTANDING THE
POPULATION IN WHICH WE WANT TO
STUDY.
THERE ARE MANY CONVERSATIONS
AROUND HOW ONLINE HARASSMENT CAN
IMPACT POPULATIONS AND SUBGROUPS
IN THE COUNTRY.
A BIG PORTION OF THE WORK WE DO
AT THE CENTER IS UNDERSTANDING
THE EXPERIENCES AND VIEWS OF THE
U.S. POPULATION BROADLY, ALSO
SUBPOPULATIONS WITHIN THE U.S.
ADULT POPULATION.
SECOND IS THAT WE WANT TO
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS THE
APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY TO STUDY
EXPERIENCES OF ONLINE HARASSMENT
AMONG U.S. ADULT POPULATION, AND
AS I MENTIONED WE RELY ON A
NUMBER OF METHODOLOGIES AND
PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH IS A
TOOL WE CAN ANSWER A NUMBER OF
QUESTIONS IN A REPRESENTATIVE
AND GENERALIZABLE WAY, THAT IS
IF WE ASK QUESTIONS FOR SURVEY
RESPONDENTS ACTUALLY ANSWERABLE
ITEMS.
AND SO MUCH OF THE PUBLIC
OPINION RESEARCH THAT WE DO AT
THE CENTER IS BASED ON OUR
ONLINE PANEL CALLED THE AMERICAN
TRENDS PANEL.
USING THIS PANEL, THE RESULTS
ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE U.S.
ADULT POPULATIONS ACROSS A WIDE
RANGE OF DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS.
AND THIRD, STUDYING A CONCEPT
LIKE ONLINE HARASSMENT A PERSON
NEEDS TO BE CONSCIOUS HOW WE'RE
DEFINING THAT TERM, TO THOSE WE
ASK OUR QUESTIONS TO.
OUR MOST RECENT STUDY IN 2021,
ON THE SCREEN HERE, WE MEASURED
ONLINE HARASSMENT USING DISTINCT
BEHAVIORS, OFFENSIVE NAME
CALLING, STALKING, PHYSICAL
THREATS, HARASSMENT OVER A
PERIOD OF TIME AND SEXUAL
HARASSMENT.
AND THE SLIDE SHOWS FINDINGS WE
SAW, A VAST MAJORITY AT THE
TIME, 2021, SAID PEOPLE BEING
BUDDIES OR HARASSED ONLINE IS A
PROBLEM FOR THE COUNTRY.
AND ABOUT 4 IN 10 SAID THEY HAVE
EXPERIENCED AT LEAST ONE OF
THOSE SIX BEHAVIORS WE'VE ASKED
ABOUT.
SO ANOTHER VALUABLE ASPECT OF
THE SURVEY WORK AT THE CENTER ON
THE TOPIC IS ABILITY TO TRACK
AMERICA'S EXPERIENCES OVER TIME.
TO TRACK QUESTIONS AND
EXPERIENCES.
THIS PROVIDES A HUGE AMOUNT OF
POWER BOTH IN ANALYSIS AND IN
THE NARRATIVE, CHANGES IN
PATTERNS, RATES IN WHICH PEOPLE
ARE EXPERIENCING ONLINE
HARASSMENT HAVE CHANGED.
WE ALSO ALLOW OURSELVES THE
FLEXIBILITY IN THE WORK WE DO,
SO WE'RE ABLE TO CAPTURE THE
CURRENT MOMENT AS WELL.
SO FOR EXAMPLE WHAT WE SEE ON
THE SCREEN HERE IS THE DATA FROM
THE LAST TIME WE HAVE DONE THIS
STUDY.
AND THAT WE SAW THERE WERE
SIMILAR RATES OF AMERICANS
SAYING THEY EXPERIENCED ONLINE
HARASSMENT FROM THE PREVIOUS
TIME WE ASKED BUT TRENDS SHOW
THERE ARE HIGHER PROPORTIONS OF
PEOPLE SAYING THEY ARE
EXPERIENCING MORE SEVERE FORMS
OR A GREATER NUMBER OF TYPES OF
HARASSMENT AS WELL.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO ANOTHER MAJOR ASPECT OF WHAT
WE DO AT THE CENTER IS
UNDERSTAND THAT AMERICANS'
EXPERIENCES CAN VARY ACROSS
DEMOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS.
NOT ALL EXPERIENCE AT THE SAME
RATE OR CERTAIN TYPES AT THE
SAME RATE.
AT THE CENTER WE MAKE A BIG
EFFORT AND NOT ONLY COLLECT
SURVEY DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF
U.S. ADULT POPULATIONS BUT TO
ALSO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF
SUBGROUPS WITHIN THE POPULATION
AS WELL.
AND WE WANT TO MAKE SURE WE HAVE
LARGE SAMPLE SIZES TO MEASURE
SUBGROUPS AND DEVELOP AND FIELD
QUESTIONS THAT WOULD BE
APPROPRIATE TO ASK OF A BROAD
POPULATION.
WHEN WE LOOK WITHIN THE ADULT
POPULATION WE CAN SEE SOCIETY
HAS DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES.
FOR EXAMPLE AMONG THOSE THAT SAY
THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED ONLINE
HARASSMENT WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY
TO FACE GENDER, BLACK AND
HISPANIC BECAUSE OF RACE AND
ETHNICITY.
FEW AMERICANS SAY THEY ARE
HARASSED BECAUSE OF THEIR SEXUAL
ORIENTATION, IT LOOKS PROMINENT
AMONG GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL
AMERICANS.
MUCH OF THE CONVERSATION IS
AROUND THESE EXPERIENCES OF
ONLINE HARASSMENT AMONG TEENS AS
WELL.
SO RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND
EXPERIENCE IN ADDITION TO WHAT
WE KNOW ABOUT U.S. OVERALL.
LIKE THE SURVEY OF ADULTS WE
WANT TO GET A BETTER
UNDERSTANDING BY DOING A
REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY OF U.S.
TEENS AND WE DID THIS BY
RECRUITING TEENS VIA PARENTS,
THROUGH KNOWLEDGE PANELS.
AGAIN, AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE
STUDY IS PARSING OUT THE
SPECIFIC TYPES OF EXPERIENCES OF
BEHAVIOR, LOOKING IN THIS CASE
AT SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS THAT WE
ASKED ABOUT.
AS WE CAN SEE HERE, IN THE
STUDY, HALF OF TEENS EXPERIENCE
ONE OF THE SIX THAT WE ASKED
ABOUT.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
JUST LIKE WITH ADULTS
EXPERIENCES IN YOUTH AND TEENS
CAN VARY IN THE POPULATION BASED
ON DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS.
SO WE ALSO WANTED TO DEVELOP
SAMPLES OF TEENS IN WHICH WE
COULD CONFIDENTLY LOOK AT HOW
EXPERIENCES DIFFER BETWEEN
DIFFERENT GROUPS OF TEENS.
IN THIS RECENT STUDY IN 2022
TEASED OUT DIFFERENCES.
FOR EXAMPLE YOU CAN SEE IN THE
SLIDE THAT OLDER TEEN GIRLS
PARTICULARLY ARE LIKELY TO HAVE
REPORTED EXPERIENCING ONLINE
HARASSMENT.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SOMETHING WE DO IS TO MAKE SURE
WE'RE CLEAR AND TRANSPARENT IN
HOW WE CONDUCT STUDIES.
WE PROVIDE A DETAILED
METHODOLOGY, THINGS SUCH AS
RECRUITMENT, SAMPLE COMPOSITION,
MARGINS OF ERROR, AMONG A NUMBER
OF OTHERS.
YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE IS, THE
SCREEN SHOT, METHODOLOGIES FROM
TEEN STUDIES, SOMETHING WE DO
PROVIDE FOR EVERY ONE OF OUR
REPORTS.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO, THAT IS WHAT I HAVE FOR YOU
TODAY.
BUT EVERYTHING THAT I PRESENTED
HERE TODAY INCLUDING MUCH OTHER
DATA CAN BE FOUND ON YOUR
RESEARCH, PLEASE FOLLOW US AT
OUR VARIOUS SOCIAL MEDIA SITES
AS WELL.
SO THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU.
WE WILL NOW MOVE TO DR.
MACAPAGAL.
THANK YOU.
>> THANKS.
WOULD YOU START MY VIDEO PLEASE.
>> I'M UNABLE TO SHOW -- THERE
WE GO.
OKAY.
HI, EVERYONE.
I'LL BE TALKING MORE
SPECIFICALLY ABOUT EXPERIENCES
WITH ONLINE PARTNER SEEKING.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
AND THEN YOU CAN CLICK THROUGH
THE REST OF THESLIDE.
BASICALLY, EVERYBODY YESTERDAY
SET ME UP REALLY WELL FOR THE
REST OF THE TALK.
I'M GOING TO SKIP A FEW THINGS.
ESSENTIALLY THE POINT THAT THE
SLIDE MADE WAS THAT ONLINE AND
OFFLINE LIFE ARE BLURRED TO
ADOLESCENTS.
THEY ARE BOTH IN REAL LIFE.
AND FOLKS YESTERDAY SHOWED
ONLINE EXPERIENCE, IDENTITIES,
ABILITY STATUS, A VARIETY OF
CHARACTERISTICS.
NEXT SLIDE.
THE RESEARCH THAT I'LL PRESENT
ARE WHAT LGBT EXPERIENCES WITH
ONLINE EXPLORATION AND PARTNER
SEEKING, WHAT BENEFITS AND RISK
EXISTS.
OVER SEVERAL YEARS, I'VE
EMBARKED ON A LINE OF RESEARCH
TO UNDERSTAND WHAT CONTEMPORARY
TEENS DO ON THE INTERNET WITH
REGARD TO LEARNING ABOUT THEIR
SEXUALITY AND GENDER, LOOKING
FOR PARTNERS, AND THEN
POTENTIALLY MEETING THOSE
PARTNERS OFFLINE.
WHAT WE FOUND ACROSS THESE
PAPERS AND OTHERS TRADITIONAL
SOCIAL MEDIA LIKE TIKTOK,
INSTAGRAM, DATING AND SEXUAL
NETWORK APPLICATIONS ARE USED BY
ADOLESCENTS UNDER AGE OF 18.
AND THERE ARE SOME GENDER
DIFFERENCES IN WHAT TEENS USE IN
TERMS OF THESE SPACES.
A LOT OF MY WORK IS FOCUSED ON
ADOLESCENCE BY TEEN BOYS, A LOT
LOOK FOR PARTNERS AND EXPLORE
SEXUALITY ON 18 AND UP SITES BUT
SPECIFIC TO GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
LIKE GRINDER AND SCRUFF AND THEY
WILL USE SOCIAL MEDIA TO A
SLIGHTLY LESS EXTENT THAN GIRLS,
NON-BINARY ADOLESCENTS FOR WHOM
THERE ARE FEWER SPACES DESIGNED
SPECIFICALLY FOR THEM.
SO THOSE TEENS WILL TEND TO USE
A VARIETY OF THINGS LIKE TIKTOK,
INSTAGRAM, AS WELL AS SOME
DATING APPS.
MOTIVATIONS ARE STRAIGHTFORWARD,
WANTING TO FEEL LESS ALONE, TO
FIND FRIENDS AND PARTNERS WHO
WILL ACCEPT THEM, CONFIRM OR
PRACTICE OR CAN FEEL IDENTITY IN
A SPACE THAT FEELS SAFER AND
ANONYMOUS TO THEM.
WHAT WE FOUND IN PARTICULAR WITH
SEXUAL NETWORKING APPLICATIONS
LIKE GRINDER, CISGENDER, WE FELT
UP TO 83% REPORT USING ONLINE
SPACES TO MEET PARTNERS AND A
FAIR AMOUNT DO MEET FOLKS
OFFLINE.
BUT A LOT WILL DISCONTINUE USAGE
OF ADULT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS
BECAUSE THEY FEEL LIKE IT'S NOT
FOR THEM.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND THEN YOU CAN CLICK TWO OR
THREE TIMES.
YES, THREE TIMES.
THERE ARE A VARIETY OF BENEFITS
OF ONLINE AND SEXUAL AND GENDER
EXPLORATION AMONG THESE TEENS,
LIKE I MENTIONED ON A PREVIOUS
SLIDE THESE ARE SOME QUOTES FROM
TEENS AND ARE ONLINE FOCUS GROUP
STUDIES AND SURVEY STUDIES, THIS
ONE TEEN SAID IT WAS SO -- I CAN
PRESENT MYSELF IN A MORE
FEMININE WAY, HARDER IN REAL
LIFE, A TRANSFEMININE
ADOLESCENT.
THE SECOND KIND OF PIECE HERE IS
THAT I FEEL MORE CONNECTED TO
THE GBQ AFTER USING THESE APPS,
TEENS FEELING VALIDATE AND LESS
LONELY.
AND THEN THE LAST QUOTE IS THAT
TEENS WILL LEARN WHAT TO EXPECT
WHEN HAVING SEX WITH AN LGBT
IDENTIFIED PARTNER, INCLUDING
SAFER SEX PRACTICES, OFTEN NOT
ADDRESSED, RARELY ADDRESSED IN
TRADITIONAL SCHOOL-BASED SEX ED.
I MET A BUNCH OF GUYS, MEANING
ON SEXUAL NETWORKING
APPLICATIONS, WHO EXPLAINED WHAT
SEX WAS LIKE IN THE TERMS THAT
ARE USED IN THE LGBT COMMUNITY.
ONE STUDY SUGGESTED TEENS, ABOUT
HALF OF TEENS RATED RISKS AND
BENEFITS OF ONLINE PARTNER
SEEKING AND SEXUAL EXPLORATION,
A SUBSTANTIAL MINORITY RATED
RISKS OUTWEIGH BENEFITS.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
AND THEN CLICK THREE TIMES.
DRAWBACKS ARE THINGS THAT A LOT
OF FOLKS MENTIONED HERE ALREADY.
I'M NOT GOING TO ADDRESS ALL OF
THEM BUT I'LL FOCUS ON THE LAST
TWO.
A LOT OF TEENS WE'VE TALKED TO
FEEL LIKE THESE ONLINE SPACES
DON'T MEET THE NEEDS, THEIR
NEEDS, AS WELL AS THEY HAD
HOPED.
SO FIRST TEEN SAYS ALMOST
EVERYONE IS THERE ONLY FOR SEX,
NOT FOR RELATIONSHIP.
NOBODY IN MY AREA ARE THE SAME
AGE OR CLOSE TO MY AGE.
THESE TWO CAME FROM TEENS
SPECIFICALLY ON SEXUAL
NETWORKING APPS FOR ADULT MEN.
THE LAST ONES ARE REALLY
FEELINGS OF DISAPPOINTMENT WITH
THE FACT THAT PEOPLE COME ACROSS
AS CREEPY OR DON'T PRESENT
THEMSELVES HONESTLY, AND FEELING
LIKE OTHER PEOPLE ARE KIND OF
LYING ABOUT THEIR IDENTITIES,
SUCH AS THE LAST PERSON WHO SAID
OLDER PREDATORS ARE PRETENDING
TO BE TEENAGERS.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND THEN CLICK ONE MORE TIME.
SO, HOW SHOULD WE MITIGATE RISKS
OF ONLINE SPACES WHILE
PRESERVING BENEFITS FOR TEENS?
I DON'T THINK THAT THINGS LIKE
BANS ON SOCIAL MEDIA ARE
NECESSARILY GOING TO WORK,
PRETENDING TEENS DON'T USE THE
INTERNET FOR THESE PURPOSES IS
GOING TO WORK.
I THINK ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THEY
USE THEM AND THAT IF THEY CHOOSE
TO USE THEM TEACHING THEM HOW TO
USE THEM SAFELY AND LIKE ONE OF
THE PREVIOUS PRESENTERS SAID
IDENTIFYING BEHAVIORAL RED FLAGS
WOULD BE REALLY IMPORTANT.
SO WHAT WE'RE DOING INTERVIEW
STUDIES WITH YOUNG ADULT USERS,
GAY, BI AND QUEER GUYS
REFLECTING ON US ON A.
ONE QUOTE I WISH I LEARNED ABOUT
DATING APPS BEFORE I USED THEM.
THE SECOND TEEN SAID A LOT OF US
WERE NOT TOLD, WE JUST FIGURED
IT OUT WHICH LED TO BEING
MANIPULATED.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
AND IF YOU CAN SCROLL ON THE
ANIMATION, A BAR ON THE BOTTOM.
YEAH, SCROLL, DRAG IT TO 103
PLEASE.
SO ONE WAY THAT WE'VE ADDRESSED
THIS, WE'VE DEVELOPED A TOOL TO
TEACH TEENS TO SAFELY NAVIGATE
ONLINE SEXUAL SPACES.
SO, AS PART OF ONLINE SEX
EDUCATION PROGRAM, WE DEVELOPED
THIS DATING ACTIVITY THAT REALLY
TEACHES ABOUT RISK AND
SAFETY-RELATED CUES AND
INFORMATION.
AS YOU CAN SEE, THEY GET TO
CREATE THEIR OWN PROFILE, LIKE
LITTLE INFORMATION BUBBLES ON
OTHER PEOPLE'S PROFILES THAT
TELL THEM ABOUT DIFFERENT PIECES
OF INFORMATION THEY MIGHT FIND
ON COMMON DATING APPS.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
AND WHAT WE'VE FOUND IS THIS
TOOL IN PARTICULAR IS HIGHLY
ACCEPTABLE AND EFFECTIVE.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DATA SUGGEST THAT TEENS REALLY
APPRECIATE IT, THIS PARTICULAR
TEEN SAID I LIKE HOW YOU
ACKNOWLEDGE THAT GUYS WILL BE
USING APPS INSTEAD OF COMPLETELY
IGNORING IT.
AND EXPOSURE TO THIS ACTIVITY
WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ODDS
OF USING ONLINE DATING SAFETY
PRACTICES.
ONE LIMITATION OF THESE TOOLS IS
THEY WERE FOCUSED ON HIV
PREVENTION STUDY FOCUS ON GAY,
BI, CISGENDER AND QUEER BOYS,
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ONLINE
HARASSMENT AND ABUSE AND
VICTIMIZATION, NEED TOOLS FOR
GIRLS.
WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THESE THINGS,
I DO THINK CROSS-SECTOR
COLLABORATIONS ARE SUPER
IMPORTANT, THESE ARE A COUPLE
PAPERS WE'VE WRITTEN THAT POINT
TO CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CLINICIANS, DEVELOPERS, ET
CETERA.
NEXT SLIDE.
THIS IS MY FINAL ONE.
I THINK THAT ONLINE SEXUAL
EXPLORATION AND PARTNER SEEKING
IS DEVELOPMENTALLY NORMAL AND I
THINK A LOT OF TIMES WHEN I
PRESENT MY WORK THERE'S ABOUT
SEX AND LGBTQ EXPERIENCE BUT
VARIOUS RESEARCH SHOWS
CISGENDER, HETEROSEXUAL TEENS
USE ONLINE SPACES TO EXPLORE
RELATIONSHIPS, BUT THEY ARE
OFTEN LEFT TO NAVIGATE THESE
SITUATIONS ON THEIR OWN,
INCREASING RISK OF ADVERSE
CONSEQUENCES.
I THINK THAT APPROACHES LIKE
USER-CENTERED DESIGN INVOLVING
ADOLESCENTS THEMSELVES,
DEVELOPMENT OF THESE TOOLS AND
CENTERING THEIR NEEDS CAN MAKE A
BIG IMPACT.
THANKS VERY MUCH.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH, I REALLY
APPRECIATE YOUR INSIGHT HOW WE
CAN BETTER SERVE OUR YOUTH.
AND NEXT UP WE HAVE DR. MEHARI.
>> THANK YOU.
THAT'S A FASCINATING ONE TO
FOLLOW.
I'M GOING TO DISCUSS SOME
EMERGING RESEARCH ON
YOUTH-FOCUSED ONLINE AGGRESSION
STRATEGIES AND ENGAGING YOUTH
AROUND WHAT THEY THINK NEEDS TO
HAPPEN TO PREVENT ONLINE
AGGRESSION.
IN A META-ANALYSIS WE FOUND THAT
MUCH OF THE CYBER BULLYING
PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOR WHICH
THERE'S EVALUATION DATA HAVE
BEEN SCHOOL BASED.
WE REVIEWED SOME STUDIES FULLY
DIGITAL OR HAD COMPONENTS BUT
WERE SCHOOL BASED AND STUDIES
WITH HOME AND SCHOOL COMPONENTS.
TYPICALLY THEY INCLUDE
YOUTH-FOCUSED SKILL BUILDING,
INCLUDING SKILLS INCLUDED IN
VIOLENCE PREVENTION SUCH AS
EMPATHY, PERSPECTIVE TAKING,
INCREASING ONE'S SENSE OF SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY TO INTERVENE AS A
BYSTANDER, AND ALSO STRATEGIES
THAT ARE UNIQUE TO ONLINE
CONTACTS SUCH AS EDUCATION ABOUT
DIGITAL SAFETY AND CHANGING
NORMS ABOUT CYBER BULLYING.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
WE FOUND THAT CYBER BULLYING
PREVENTION PROGRAMS
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE CYBER
BULLYING, MODERATE EFFECT SIZE
FOR PERPETRATION.
THAT PATTERN IS CONSISTENT, MORE
BROADER VIOLENCE PREVENTION
RESEARCH.
NO DIFFERENCES BASED ON DELIVERY
OR HOW MANY HOURS OF DELIVERY
THERE WERE, THAT CONTACT SCHOOL
OR HOME BASED OR COMBINED OR
DELIVERY IN PERSON FASHION OR
COMBINED WITH DIGITAL.
NEXT SLIDE.
THESE SMALL TO MODERATE EFFECT
SIZES SUGGEST SYSTEMS LEVEL
EFFORTS ARE NEEDED TO ECHO WHAT
EVERYBODY HAS BEEN SAYING HERE.
OTHER PROJECTS THAT I'VE WORKED
ON WITH COLLEAGUES HERE AND IN
INDIA SHED LIGHT ON WHAT EFFORTS
MIGHT LOOK LIKE.
AND PARTICULARLY I WANT TO
EMPHASIZE THE NEED TO INCLUDE
YOUTH VOICE IN DESIGNING
PREVENTION STRATEGIES.
NEXT SLIDE.
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE STUDY WE
EXPLORED YOUTH, PARENTS,
PEDIATRICIANS, IDEAS WHAT WERE
NEEDED TO REDUCE CYBER BULLYING.
YOUTH THOUGHT THEY SHOULD BE
DIRECTLY INTERVENING IN THE
SITUATION, CONSISTENT WITH
SKILLS TAUGHT IN SCHOOL-BASED
PREVENTION PROGRAMS.
PARENTS' MOST COMMON RESPONSE
YOUTH SHOULD GET OUTSIDE HELP,
WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT OF A
DIFFERENCE.
AS IT RELATES TO WHAT PARENTS
CAN DO, YOUTH WANTED THEIR
PARENTS TO BE AWARE OF WHAT
HAPPENS ONLINE BUT DIDN'T WANT
PARENTS TO LEARN FROM THEM.
THEY WANTED PARENTS TO BE
GETTING EDUCATION, LEARNING FROM
OTHER ADULTS, COMMUNICATING WITH
OTHER ADULTS, PARENTS THOUGHT
THEY SHOULD BE COMMUNICATING
WITH THEIR CHILDREN MORE.
YOUTH WANTED PEDIATRICIANS TO
HAVE INFORMATION ABOUT CYBER
BULLYING, PROVIDE EDUCATION
ABOUT SAFETY, PROVIDERS DID NOT
FEEL EQUIPPED.
THEY FELT THEY NEEDED TO GET
MORE EDUCATION BEFORE THEY COULD
EFFECTIVELY ENGAGE.
NEXT SLIDE.
IN A DIFFERENT STUDY WE
INTERVIEWED YOUTH OF COLOR ABOUT
EXPERIENCES OF ONLINE RACIALIZED
AGGRESSION.
THEIR RESPONSES SHOW IMPACT OF
SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS, NATIONAL
EVENTS, ONLINE CULTURE, UNKNOWN
OTHERS.
MANY OF WHICH CAN'T BE ADDRESSED
IN SCHOOL-BASED YOUTH-FOCUSED
PREVENTION.
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE YOUTH DESCRIBED
BEING SENT PICTURES OF THE KKK,
AFRICAN AMERICAN MAN WITH HIS
HEAD CUT OFF.
AND SAID I COULD NOT GET THAT
IMAGE OUT OF MY HEAD.
ANOTHER YOUTH DESCRIBED A
RACIALIZED SOCIAL MEDIA TREND,
TIKTOK TREND FOR ASIAN HERITAGE
DAY IN WHICH PEOPLE WERE PULLING
BACK EYES TO MAKE THEM LOOK FOR
SLANTED.
SOMEBODY DECIDES TO DO THAT AND
SUDDENLY IT'S A TREND.
ANOTHER YOUTH DESCRIBED BEING
SEXUALLY APPROACHED JUST A FEW
DAYS AGO, REQUESTED TO FOLLOW ME
ON INSTAGRAM.
I HAD A FETISH FOR BLACK GIRLS,
I HAVE TO CONFESS.
NEXT SLIDE.
THESE YOUTH INDICATED THAT THEY
THOUGHT ONE KEY INTERVENTION
POINT WAS ADVOCACY SPECIFICALLY
WORKING WITH INFLUENCERS TO
CREATE MOVEMENT AROUND SAFETY
AND RACIAL THE QUESTION AND
AMPLIFYING MARGINALIZED VOICES.
THEY ALSO DESCRIBED NEED FOR
MORE SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION
PROGRAMMING ON RACISM AND
BULLYING PREVENTION.
THEY WISH SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
GAVE THEM MORE CONTROL WHAT
WOULD COME UP IN FEED AND
MESSAGES, MORE EFFECTIVE
SETTINGS.
THEY WISH BLOCKING AND DELETING
WAS MORE EFFECTIVE.
SOME COMMENTED EVEN IF THEY DID
BLOCK SOMEONE THE PERSON WOULD
CREATE A DIFFERENT ACCOUNT AND
HARASS THEM.
THEY WISHED SOCIAL MEDIA
PLATFORMS DID A BETTER JOB
CONTROLLING THAT.
TAKE HOME MESSAGES, YOUTH AT THE
INTERSECTION OF MARGINALIZED
IDENTIFIES ARE VULNERABLE.
MULTIPLE SYSTEMS NEED TO ADDRESS
PROBLEMS.
THIS INCLUDES YOUTH AND PEER
SYSTEMS, BYSTANDER INTERVENTION,
AND LEVERAGING INFLUENCE OF
INFLUENCERS, PREVENTION PROGRAM
AND CULTURE SETTING IN SCHOOLS
AND EDUCATION SYSTEMS.
EDUCATION AWARENESS AND
COMMUNICATION AT HOME.
POLICIES, PRACTICES TO PROTECT
YOUTH AND PARTICULARLY GIVE THEM
CHOICE ONLINE.
EDUCATION AND PREVENTION WITH
HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS AND THEN
LAWS AND POLICIES TO PROTECT
YOUTH.
I'LL STOP THERE.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
WE'LL NOW MOVE TO OUR FINAL
PRESENTATION BY DR. SABRINA
BOYCE.
>> HELLO.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME
TO BE PART OF THE CONVERSATION
TODAY.
DR. MEHARY'S PRESENTATION WAS
ALIGNED, I'LL FOCUS ON SEXUAL
HARASSMENT AMONG YOUTH.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
HAVING A CONVERSATION ABOUT
PREVENTION ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT MUST ALSO BE REALLY
ROOTED IN THE THEORETICAL MODELS
AND LONGSTANDING EVIDENCE FOR
PREVENTING IN-PERSON SEXUAL
VIOLENCE.
THESE SOURCES INDICATE THAT
EFFECTIVE PREVENTION NEEDS TO
TARGET MULTIPLE IF NOT ALL
LEVELS OF THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY.
NEXT SLIDE.
TODAY I WANT TO SHARE EVIDENCE
FROM SOME OF OUR TEAM'S WORK
CO-LED BY DR. SILVER PLAN WHO
SPOKE YESTERDAY AND MYSELF
FUNDED BY DEPARTMENT OF
CALIFORNIA HEALTH AND CENTERS
FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION.
WE'RE USING DATA FROM THE
CALIFORNIA HEALTHY KIDS SURVEY,
A CLASSROOM-BASED SURVEY
SPONSORED BY CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND
ADMINISTERED BY WEST ED IN
SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
70% OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN
CALIFORNIA ELECT TO IMPLEMENT
THIS SURVEY, PRIMARILY TO
FULFILL STATE REQUIREMENTS.
NEXT SLIDE.
OUR TEAM DEVELOPED AN ADDITIONAL
MODULE OF QUESTIONS TO ADD TO
THIS CORE SURVEY THAT FOCUSED ON
SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND VIOLENCE
PREVENTION.
WE IMPLEMENTED IN 2021-2022
ACADEMIC YEAR, OPTIONAL THAT ANY
SCHOOL DISTRICT COULD ADD IN AND
WE ACTIVELY RECRUITED SOME
SCHOOL DISTRICTS FOR THE
PURPOSES OF ANOTHER STUDY,
EVALUATION OF A SEXUAL VIOLENCE
PROGRAM IN CALIFORNIA.
THE RESULT WAS A NONRANDOM
SAMPLE OF 30 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS
ACROSS CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA, INCLUDING ONE LARGE
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT AND FOUR
RURAL.
ALL NINTH AND ELEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS WERE GIVEN THE SURVEY
SUCH THAT WE HAD IN 2021, 22
SCHOOL YEAR A SAMPLE UNDER 9,000
NINTH AND ELEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS.
AS MY COLLEAGUE MENTIONED
YESTERDAY, IN MORE DETAIL,
DESPITE BEING NONRANDOM THIS
SAMPLE WAS DIVERSE IN TERMS OF
IDENTITY, AND THERE'S A LOT OF
SIMILARITY TO THE STATE LEVEL
COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
WE SAW IN THE SAMPLE 9.1%
REPORTED SEXUAL ONLINE
HARASSMENT IN THE PAST 12
MONTHS.
AND WE MEASURED THIS USING TWO
QUESTIONS HERE IN THE BLUE BOX.
WE ALSO SAW 10% REPORTED
IN-PERSON SEXUAL HARASSMENT,
3.5% REPORTED SEXUAL ASSAULT.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
THESE ONLINE AND IN-PERSON
EXPERIENCES REALLY OVERLAPPED AS
DR. SILVERMAN MENTIONED
YESTERDAY, WITH OVER HALF OF
THOSE REPORTING ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT ALSO REPORTING
IN-PERSON FORM OF SEXUAL
VIOLENCE, THIS AFFIRMS WHAT MANY
FOLKS HAVE MENTIONED IN THIS
WORKSHOP THAT THERE IS A LOT OF
CONNECTION BETWEEN WHAT'S
HAPPENING ONLINE AND IN PERSON.
THAT'S TRUE FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE
AS WELL.
NEXT SLIDE.
USING THESE DATA WE'VE
IDENTIFIED PROTECTIVE FACTORS
FOR ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT.
AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL WE SEE
RISK OF PAST 12 MONTH ONLINE
SEXUAL HARASSMENT DECREASES WITH
HIGHER LEVELS OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S
SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING, ADULT
CHILD CONNECTION AT SCHOOL,
SCHOOL SAFETY AND PERCEIVED
SOCIAL NORMS RELATED TO SEXUAL
HARASSMENT.
IN THIS SCALE WE ASKED QUESTIONS
ABOUT HOW LIKELY WERE PEERS TO
INTERVENE IF THEY HEARD OR SAW
SOMEONE SEXUALLY HARASSING
ANOTHER PERSON.
OR MAKING JOKES ABOUT GENDER OR
SEXUAL IDENTITY.
THESE RELATIONSHIPS WERE
ESTIMATED WITH ADJUSTED MIXED
EFFECT MODELS TO ACCOUNT FOR
SCHOOL LEVEL CLUSTERING.
WHEN WE LOOKED AT THESE
RELATIONSHIPS RESTRICTED TO
HIGHER RISK SUBPOPULATIONS, THE
RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY
YOUTH, CISGENDER GIRLS, LGBTQ
SEPARATELY, THEY PROTECTIVE
FACTORS PERSIST, SPECIFICALLY
FOR THE HIGHER RISK POPULATIONS
AS WELL.
NEXT SLIDE.
WE ALSO LOOKED AT FACTORS AT THE
SCHOOL LEVEL USING ADJUSTED
RANDOM EFFECTS MODELS AND
AVERAGED THE INDIVIDUAL
RESPONSES ACROSS ALL NINTH AND
ELEVENTH GRADERS AT EACH SCHOOL
TO GET SCHOOL LEVEL ESTIMATES OF
SCHOOL BELONGINGS, ADULT-CHILD
SECTION, SAFETY, SOCIAL NORMS,
ALL OF THESE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH
REDUCED RISK FOR ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT AT THE INDIVIDUAL
LEVEL.
THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT
SCHOOL CLIMATE AND SOCIAL NORMS
ARE IMPORTANT IN THINKING ABOUT
ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT
PREVENTION.
NOTABLIY WE SAW PROTECTIVE
RELATIONSHIPS FOR IN-PERSON
SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND SEXUAL
ASSAULT.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
ON THE OTHER HAND WE SEE RISK OF
ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT THE
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INCREASES AS
THE PERCENT OF STUDENTS
REPORTING IN-PERSON
DISCRIMINATION-BASED BULLYING
INCREASES.
THIS IS TRUE FOR
DISCRIMINATION-BASED BULLYING
ACROSS SIX CLASSES AS WELL AS
RELATED TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION
AND/OR GENDER IDENTITY.
THIS SUGGESTS IN SCHOOLS AND
COMMUNITY CLIMATES IN WHICH
OVERT DISCRIMINATION IS SOCIALLY
TOLERATED, ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT ALSO IS PERVASIVE.
NEXT SLIDE.
AS WE CONSIDER OPPORTUNITIES FOR
ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT
PREVENTION, SOME KEY
CONSIDERATIONS FROM THIS
RESEARCH ARE THAT FIRST BECAUSE
THERE'S OVERLAP IN CO-OCCURRENCE
THE EVIDENCE BASED TOOLS TO
PREVENT SEXUAL VIOLENCE ARE
LIKELY OUR BEST TOOLS FOR
PREVENTING ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT.
SECOND, WE SEE RISK FOR ONLINE
SEXUAL HARASSMENT INCREASES IN
SOCIAL CONTEXT PERMISSIVE OF
DISCRIMINATION AND RELATED
VIOLENCE.
EFFORTS TO SHIFT SOCIAL NORMS
REGARDING ACCEPTABILITY OF
IN-PERSON DISCRIMINATION AND
VIOLENCE WILL HAVE BENEFITS THAT
LIKELY EXTEND TO ONLINE SOCIAL
SPACES WHERE ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT AND OTHER FORMS OF
ABUSE OCCUR.
MORE SPECIFICALLY, IF SOCIAL
NORMS ARE SHIFTED MORE YOUTH ARE
WILLING TO ACT AS POSITIVE
BYSTANDERS OR HAVE SOCIAL
ACCOUNTABILITY AGAINST IN-PERSON
FORMS, IT'S LIKELY THAT THEY
WOULD BE MORE WILLING AND LIKELY
TO DO THIS IN ONLINE SPACES AS
WELL TO HELP INCREASE THOSE
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR PEOPLE
WHO USE VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT
ONLINE.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
LASTLY FROM THESE DATA WE SEE
CONTEXTS PROTECTIVE AGAINST
ONLINE HARASSMENT ARE WITH
GREATER SOCIAL CONNECTION AND
BELONGING.
WE KNOW FROM PREVENTION RESEARCH
THAT SOCIAL CONNECTION AND
BELONGING ARE PROTECTIVE AGAINST
MANY FORMS OF IN-PERSON
INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE.
THESE DATA AFFIRM EFFORTS TO
INCREASE CONNECTION AND
BELONGING ARE LIKELY POWERFUL
LEVERS THAT COULD HAVE A MUCH
BROADER RIPPLE EFFECT ACROSS
VARIOUS FORMS OF ONLINE AND
IN-PERSON VIOLENCE AND
HARASSMENT.
LAST SLIDE PLEASE.
AND WITH THAT, I'LL WRAP UP.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
I LOOK FORWARD TO THE
DISCUSSION.
>> THANK YOU, DR. BOYCE.
AND WE HAVE A FEW MOMENTS LEFT
FOR QUESTIONS.
I'D LIKE TO INVITE OUR PANELISTS
TO COME ON CAMERA.
YOU CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS THROUGH
THE LINK AND IN THE ZOOM FEEL
FREE TO ADD QUESTIONS TO THE
Q&A.
I'LL START WITH ONE QUESTION
THAT CAME THROUGH FOR DR.
GOTTFRIED.
DID RESEARCH LOOK AT TIME SPENT
ONLINE OR YOUNGER TEENS WERE
LIMITED IN ONLINE TIME BY
PARENTS OR IF THE YOUTH COMPLIED
WITH THE AGE RESTRICTIONS.
>> WE DO HAVE REGULARLY OF OUR
TEENS, THE AMOUNT OF TIME THEY
SPEND.
WE SEE OLDER TEENS DO REPORT
BEING MORE LIKELY TO REPORT
BEING ONLINE ALMOST CONSTANTLY.
WE DO SEE A PRETTY SUBSTANTIAL
GAP BETWEEN THAT AND YOUNGER
TEENS.
IN TERMS OF THE COMPLIANCE WITH
AGE RESTRICTIONS THAT WE HAVE
NOT ASKED QUITE YET.
AND PART OF THE DIFFICULTY IN
ASKING SOMETHING LIKE THAT IN
OUR PUBLIC OPINIONS RESEARCH,
WHETHER WE'RE GOING TO GET
RELIABLE ANSWERS FROM TEENS
REPORTING WHETHER THEY COMPLY
WITH THINGS.
THE THING WE DO KNOW, WE KNOW
SOME WORK WE'VE DONE ON
POLICIES, AGE RESTRICTIONS AND
THINGS LIKE THAT, WHAT WE DO SEE
IS THAT MOST TEENS DO SAY THAT
THEY AGREE WITH THERE BEING AGE
RESTRICTIONS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
SITES FOR EXAMPLE.
THERE'S LESS SUPPORT WHEN IT
COMES TO THINGS LIKE PARENTAL
CONSENT OR TIME RESTRICTIONS AS
WELL.
I WILL PAIR THAT WE DID ASK THIS
OF U.S. ADULTS, TEENS ARE LESS
SUPPORTIVE OF ANY MEASURES THAN
ADULTS ARE BY FAR.
WE HAVE VIEWS AROUND THE ACTUAL
POLICIES BUT NOT TO (INAUDIBLE).
>> ANOTHER QUESTION THROUGH THE
Q&A FOR DR. BOYCE, DID YOU ASK
ABOUT EXPOSURE TO PREVENTION
PROGRAMS IN THE SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT?
>> NOT SPECIFICALLY ABOUT ONLINE
SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR OTHER FORMS
OF ONLINE ABUSE.
AND THIS IS, YOU KNOW, A LIMITED
MODULE WHERE WE JUST HAVE ABOUT,
YOU KNOW, FIVE TO TEN MINUTES
WITH THE YOUTH TO ASK ADDITIONAL
QUESTIONS.
BUT WE DID ASK ABOUT COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE
PREVENTION.
AND LOOKING AT PERSPECTIVES OF
IF THE YOUTH THEMSELVES THINK
THEIR COMMUNITY HAS BUY-IN,
ENGAGED IN TRYING TO PREVENT
SEXUAL VIOLENCE.
WE ALSO SAW RELATIONSHIPS WITH
THIS, WITH REDUCED RISK FOR
ONLINE SEXUAL HARASSMENT.
NOT QUITE TO ANSWER YOUR
QUESTION BUT COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNITY
OWNERSHIP OF PREVENTING ABUSE IS
IMPORTANT FOR THE CLIMATE AROUND
SEXUAL HARASSMENT ONLINE.
>> THANK YOU.
I HAVE A QUESTION FOR ALL OF THE
PANELISTS TO FEEL FREE TO
COMMENT ON.
GIVEN THE FOCUS OF THIS SESSION
ON RESEARCH APPROACHES, WE'VE
HEARD ABOUT PUBLIC OPINION
RESEARCH, ONLINE SURVEYS, FOCUS
GROUPS, SCHOOL-BASED SURVEYS.
DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF ANY WAYS
OF THE FUTURE, IDEAS ON HOW TO
BETTER COLLECT DATA ON THESE
TOPICS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN
THIS TYPE OF SCIENCE?
>> I'LL GO FIRST.
ONE FUTURE DIRECTION THAT I HAVE
IS ONE THING I DIDN'T MENTION IN
MY TALK IS THAT ALL OF THE WORK
THAT WE DO GETS WAIVERS OF
PARENTAL PERMISSION FOR MINOR
ADOLESCENTS.
WHEN IT COMES TO ONLINE
BEHAVIORS, THINGS TEENS ARE NOT
SUPPOSED TO BE DOING BUT ARE
LIKELY DOING ANYWAY, THE
RESEARCH SHOWS THERE'S, YOU
KNOW, A SYSTEMATIC
UNDERREPORTING OF THESE
BEHAVIORS WHEN PARENTAL
PERMISSION IS REQUIRED FOR ANY
KIND OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR, NOT
JUST SEXUAL BEHAVIOR.
I WOULD ENCOURAGE RESEARCHERS
DOING THIS WORK TO TRY TO GET
PARENTAL PERMISSION WAIVERS WHEN
POSSIBLE BECAUSE YOU'LL LIKELY
GET A MUCH BETTER ESTIMATE OF
WHAT TEENS ARE DOING, AND MUCH
MORE SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS IF THEIR
PARENTS DON'T HAVE TO BE
INVOLVED.
>> I'LL JUMP IN TO RESPOND AS
WELL, AND MENTION A LITTLE BIT
THAT THE CALIFORNIA HEALTHY KIDS
SURVEY IS AN ANONYMOUS SURVEY
THAT ALSO IS AN OPT-OUT PARENTAL
CONSENT PROCESS.
SO THERE'S NOT THIS ACTIVE
SIGNATURE THAT NEEDS TO BE
SUBMITTED TO SCHOOLS.
SO I DO THINK THOSE FACTORS DR.
MACAPAGAL MENTIONED, THAT'S
REALLY KEY TO GETTING HONEST
RESPONSES FROM YOUTH.
IN TERMS OF FUTURE DIRECTIONS,
THERE'S A REAL STRONG SHIFT
HAPPENING IN SEXUAL VIOLENCE
PREVENTION LOOKING AT COMMUNITY
LEVEL PREVENTION, AND SOCIAL
NORMS, AND POLICY, REALLY
GETTING AT OUR HIGHER LEVELS OF
THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY BECAUSE FOR
SO LONG INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
PREVENTION HAS BEEN THE BREAD
AND BUTTER OF VIOLENCE
PREVENTION.
I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT'S
REALLY RELEVANT TO THE
CONVERSATION OF ONLINE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT THAT IF WE REALLY
ONLY DIVE IN AT THE INDIVIDUAL
LEVEL OR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
FOR YOUTH WE'RE MISSING A REALLY
IMPORTANT SYSTEM-LEVEL
FAR-REACHING WAY TO REDUCE
VIOLENCE.
>> I THINK I WOULD SAY A FEW
THINGS.
ONE IS THAT ECHOES WHAT PEOPLE
SAID BEFORE, A LOT OF PROBLEM
BEHAVIORS HAVE SIMILAR CAUSES,
AND POTENTIALLY SIMILAR
PREVENTION.
SO TALKING ABOUT LIKE SENSE OF
BELONGING, FEELING CONNECTED,
HAVING A CARING ADULT, HAVING
SCHOOL CLIMATES THAT ARE
POSITIVE, WHERE THEY ARE
HIGH-QUALITY TEACHER/STUDENT
RELATIONSHIPS AND
STUDENT/STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS
PREVENT A LOT OF THINGS.
ONE FOCUS COULD BE WHAT DOES IT
LOOK LIKE TO BE CHANGING CLIMATE
AND CULTURE IN A WAY THAT WE
ARE -- EVERYBODY FEELS LIKE THEY
HAVE A PLACE, AND EVERYBODY
RESPECTS RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF
OTHER PEOPLE IN THEIR WORLD.
AND ANOTHER KIND OF FUTURE
DIRECTION RELATED IS THINKING
ABOUT THOSE RELATIONS BETWEEN
ONLINE AND OFFLINE BEHAVIOR THAT
ALSO ALREADY PEOPLE TALK ABOUT,
ANOTHER AREA OF MIGHT HAVE WORK
IS INJURY PREVENTION, AND WE
KNOW LIKE ONE CHILD TOLD US,
WELL, EVERYBODY SHOULD KNOW WHEN
A MURDER IS ABOUT TO HAPPEN
BECAUSE EVERYBODY IS LIKE
POSTING ON INSTAGRAM FIRST.
THERE'S ALSO I THINK THIS
INCREASED NEED TO HAVE ALL OF
OUR WORK BE INCLUSIVE OF ALL
ENVIRONMENTS, NOT NECESSARILY
JUST FOCUSED ON ONE.
>> ONE THING THAT I'LL ADD, THE
WORK WE DO AT PEW RESEARCH
CENTER BROADLY, WE'VE PUT A BIG
EFFORT INTO UNDERSTANDING SOME
RESEARCH QUESTIONS THROUGH
COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE
LENS AS WELL.
AND THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS
THAT WE CAN'T MEASURE WHEN WE
LOOK AT THINGS, NOT ANSWERED IN
CERTAIN WAYS OR CAN'T BE CRAFTED
IN A SURVEY QUESTION, WE COMPARE
THAT, A LOT OF WORK WE DO,
THAT'S FOCUSED ON THIS
UNDERSTANDING HOW WE CAN LOOK AT
DATA SUCH AS DATA COLLECTION,
OBSERVATIONAL DATA ONLINE,
THINGS WE CAN PAIR WITH OTHER
TYPES OF WORK OR STAND-ALONE
PRODUCTS THAT WE CAN GET AT
CERTAIN BEHAVIORS IN THIS WAY.
SO THAT'S AN AREA OF FOCUS THAT
ARE IN ADDITION TO OTHER TYPES
OF METHODOLOGYES WE RELY ON.
>> THERE WAS ONE QUESTION THAT
DIDN'T MAKE IT TO THE Q&A BUT
WAS IN THE CHAT.
I'LL REPEAT IT SO OTHERS CAN
HEAR THE RESPONSE.
IS THERE ANY POTENTIAL TO GET
THE APPLICATION TO PROVIDE MORE
PREVENTION EDUCATION?
>> THANKS.
SO, I'LL READ WHAT I RESPONDED
IN THE CHAT.
MY SENSE FROM SOME OF THE
ATTENTION I'VE GOTTEN FROM SOME
18 AND UP APPS ABOUT SOME WORK
THEY DON'T WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE
TEENAGERS ARE ON THERE FOR
LIABILITY REASONS.
SO I'M NOT SURE THAT SOME OF
THOSE 18 AND UP APPS WOULD BE
INCLINED TO DO THAT.
BUT CERTAINLY I THINK SOCIAL
MEDIA PLATFORMS THAT GO DOWN TO
LIKE 12 AND 13 COULD.
AND I'VE TALKED WITH ONE OF THE
FOUNDERS OF THE ORGANIZATION
BUILDING HEALTHY ONLINE
COMMUNITIES, WHO DOES PARTNER
WITH SOME OF THE 18 AND UP APPS,
AND HAS A LANDING PAGE THAT IS
LINKED FROM THOSE APPS, INCLUDES
RESOURCES FOR FOLKS ABOUT STD
AND HIV PREVENTION,
ACKNOWLEDGING SOME INTEREST IN
INCLUDING RESOURCES FOR YOUTH
ABOUT EDUCATION ON THEIR LANDING
PAGE, NOT QUITE DIRECTLY ON THE
WEB, NOT DIRECTLY ON APPS BUT
COULD BE LINKED TO FROM THOSE
APPS.
>> THANK YOU.
A FOLLOW-UP TO THE QUESTION THAT
RESPONSE FOR ALL PANELISTS.
I THINK REPEATING THEME IS HOW
IMPORTANT SOCIAL MEDIA AND
SOCIAL APPLICATIONS ARE TO
YOUTH, THIS IS A NORMAL PART OF
EXISTENCE SO WE HAVE TO WORK
WITHIN THEM.
DO WE THINK THERE IS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE
YOUTH-CENTERED APPLICATIONS THAT
SOMEHOW ARE SAFE SPACES FOR
UNDER 18 BUT ALSO RESPECT
PRIVACY AND THEIR NEEDS AS THEY
ARE EXPLORING THEMSELVES
DEVELOPMENTALLY?
MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION.
>> YEAH, I CAN SAY THAT, YEAH,
IT WOULD BE REALLY IMPORTANT.
OBVIOUSLY A LOT OF THESE ONLINE
SPACES ARE WHERE THEY DO THAT
BEHAVIOR AND THERE ARE A LOT OF
POSITIVE ASPECTS TO THEIR
ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE, BUT I
THINK THAT RATHER THAN KIND OF
REINVENTING THE WHEEL, YOU KNOW,
I KNOW A LOT OF THESE PLATFORMS
ARE INVESTED IN ONLINE SAFETY
AND IMPROVING USER EXPERIENCE
AND THINGS LIKE THAT.
SO I WILL PROBABLY START WITH
WORKING, YOU KNOW, THERE TO TRY
TO IMPROVE TEENS' EXPERIENCES
ONLINE RATHER THAN DEVELOPING A
WHOLE NEW PLATFORM AND HOPING
THAT IT WORKS.
>> I WOULD AGREE AS WELL, THAT
THE BUY-IN FROM YOUTH IS GOING
TO BE DIFFICULT, AND INSTEAD WE
CAN REALLY DEVELOP SYSTEMS
WITHIN THE ONLINE PLATFORMS THAT
THEY ARE ALREADY IN TO HELP
PROTECT AND SUPPORT THEM, TO
HAVE, YOU KNOW, TO ENGAGE IN A
WAY THAT'S SAFE ONLINE.
I THINK THIS IS -- WE ALL SPOKE
ABOUT THIS AS REALLY SOMETHING
THAT'S HAPPENING IN PERSON AND
ONLINE, SO REALLY PROVIDING
EDUCATION AND CONNECTION AND
SORT OF A COMMUNITY ACROSS YOUTH
THAT ALLOWS FOR SAFE ENGAGEMENT
AND SAFE RELATIONSHIPS WITH ONE
ANOTHER IS REALLY GOING TO HAVE
THIS MUCH LARGER EFFECT THAN
LIKE CREATING A BUBBLE TO PUT
THE YOUTH IN.
>> THANK YOU.
WITH THAT WE ARE AT TIME FOR
THIS SESSION.
I BELIEVE NEXT WE HAVE A BRIEF
BREAK UNTIL 2:00 EASTERN TIME.
SO I'D LIKE TO THANK OUR
PANELISTS FOR EXCELLENT
PRESENTATIONS.
WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOU AND THE
GREAT WORK YOU'RE DOING TO
PROTECT YOUTH IN THE ONLINE
SPACE.
THANK YOU.
WELCOME BACK.
I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE PANELISTS
TO TURN THEIR CAMERAS BACK ON.
I WILL NAVIGATE A DISCUSSION
FOCUSED ON RESEARCH AGENDA TO
ADDRESS ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT.
THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.
IF YOU ARE ON ZOOM SUBMIT YOUR
QUESTIONS VIA THE Q&A FEATURE.
IF YOU'RE ATTENDING VIA NIH
VIDEOCAST, PLEASE SUBMIT
QUESTIONS VIA THE "LIVE
FEEDBACK" REQUEST FORM.
THANK YOU AGAIN TO OUR PANELISTS
FOR BEING HERE TODAY AND SHARING
YOUR EXPERTISE.
I WOULD LIKE TO KICK OFF BY
ASKING PANELISTS WHO HEARD
EVERYONE TALK TODAY AND MANY
WERE ABLE TO ATTEND YESTERDAY,
WONDERING IF ANYONE HAS ANY
QUESTIONS FOR ONE ANOTHER, IF
THERE WAS ANYTHING YOU HEARD AS
YOU WERE LISTENING TO THE OTHER
TALKS TODAY THAT YOU WOULD LIKE
A CHANCE TO ASK A FELLOW
PANELIST?
>> QUESTION FOR DR. CONSOLV
THEY ARE NOT GETTING EXPOSE IN
THE FIRST PLACE, THEY ARE MOSTLY
TALKING ABOUT SOCIAL MEDIA APPS.
IS THERE -- CAN YOU TALK MORE
ABOUT WHAT IS AVAILABLE AND WHY
IT MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO
IMPOSSIBLE, IF IT IS NOT
POSSIBLE?
>> I CAN SORT OF TALK ABOUT THIS
BUT WE'RE GETTING OUTSIDE OF MY
AREA OF EXPERTISE.
I FOCUS ON THE RESEARCH.
I DON'T NECESSARILY -- I'M NOT A
HEAVY USER OF A LOT OF THESE
APPS.
THERE'S BEEN EFFORTS AROUND
THIS, SOME EARLY WORK EXPLORING
ONLINE HATE AND HARASSMENT, ONE
OF THE THINGS THAT BECAME
EVIDENT WAS FIRST OF ALL A LOT
OF -- THIS YEAR MIGHT BE
CHANGING WITH GENERATIVE A.I.
AND NEW THINGS THAT CAN HELP
WITH THIS, BUT PRIOR TO THAT A
LOT OF THE AUTOMATIC TOOLS FOR
FILTERING THINGS GOT A LOT
WRONG.
VERY GOOD AT PROFANITY BUT OTHER
THINGS THAT PEOPLE WOULD
CONSIDER OFFENSIVE, IT WASN'T
QUITE AS GOOD.
IN EARLY RESEARCH, HOW WELL THE
TOOLS DID MATCHING WITH PEOPLE'S
PREFERENCES, WHAT ABUSE WAS, WE
FOUND PEOPLE REALLY DIFFER
WHAT'S CONSIDERED TOXICS OR
OFFENSIVE.
I THINK THAT MAKES THIS PROBLEM
REALLY CHALLENGING, THAT
DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE VERY
DIFFERENT VIEWS ON WHAT'S TOXIC
OR OFFENSIVE, OR EVEN IF IT IS,
IF IT SHOULD BE ALLOWED OR
REMOVED.
IT'S AN EXTREMELY COMPLICATED
AND FRAUGHT SPACE.
I KNOW THERE'S SOME RESEARCHERS
I WORK WITH TRYING TO UNDERSTAND
IF THE PATH FORWARD IS AROUND
BEING ABLE TO CRAFT
INDIVIDUALIZED PREFERENCES,
THERE ARE PLUSES AND MINUSES,
YOU MIGHT BE OPENING YOURSELF TO
OTHER ATTACKS, IT COULD BE USED
AS EVIDENCE HELPING YOU GET A
RESTRAINING ORDER OR CUSTODY OF
YOUR CHILD.
A LOT OF THIS STUFF HAS A
DOUBLE-EDGED WORD.
ONE THING WAS AROUND FILTER
BUDDY, THE GOAL IF I UNDERSTOOD
CORRECTLY WAS TO HELP ESTABLISH
KIND OF A SET OF FILTERS THAT
COULD BE BROADLY APPLIED ACROSS
DIFFERENT SOCIAL MEDIA
PLATFORMS.
AND I WAS RECENTLY TALKING WITH
A STUDENT ABOUT PROPOSED
DISSERTATION TOPIC, AND I WAS
TRYING TO GET HER FOCUSED FOR
THE AT-RISK POPULATION.
IT MIGHT BE REALLY INTERESTING
TO FIND OUT FOR THIS GROUP OF
CREATORS FROM THIS PARTICULAR
GROUP, WHAT ARE THOSE FILTERS
THAT THEY WOULD NEED SO NOT
EVERYONE HAS TO REINVENT THE
WHEEL, ACROSS PLATFORMS.
AS A CONSUMER OR PROVIDER, IT'S
CROSS-PLATFORM, THEY DON'T JUST
HAVE A YouTube CHANNEL OR
INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT.
IT'S ACROSS ALL AND OFTEN POINT
TO EACH OTHER.
HOW TO USERS MANAGE ACROSS THEIR
ONLINE PROFILE?
I KNOW THERE ARE PEOPLE WORKING
ON THIS.
IT'S REALLY EASY TO GET THIS
STUFF WRONG.
THIS IS ONE WHERE LLMs MIGHT
ACTUALLY MOVE US FORWARD, WHERE
WE HAVE BEEN STUCK IN THE PAST.
IT REALLY IS GOOD AT PROFANITY
THOUGH.
IT CAN DO THAT.
BUT NOT NOT -- OH, THERE'S ALSO
CONTEXT.
YOU NEED TO TAKE INTO
CONSIDERATION CONTEXT.
A SINGLE ISOLATED POST BY ITSELF
IS NOT NECESSARILY PROBLEMATIC.
IT COULD BE A PATTERN OF THESE,
OR THIS COMPARED TO WHAT
HAPPENED IN SCHOOL, WHAT
HAPPENED IN THIS OTHER PLACE,
ALL OF THOSE THINGS TOGETHER
THAT MAKE IT A PROBLEM.
SO, A PARTICULAR PLATFORM
LOOKING AT THIS ONE PIECE OF
CONTENT, OFTEN DOESN'T HAVE THAT
VISIBILITY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S
HAPPENING.
BY THE WAY, IF YOU LOOK GLOBALLY
WHICH WE HAVE TO, THERE ARE ALSO
CULTURAL CONTEXTS THAT COME INTO
PLAY, WHAT'S APPROPRIATE IN
PAKISTAN IS NOT THE SAME AS THE
U.S.
MANY OF YOU HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON
THE U.S.
WE DO HAVE TO TAKE A GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE AND I THINK THAT
ADDS A LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY TO
THIS.
IF YOU HAVE IDEAS LET ME KNOW.
>> ARE THERE OTHER PANELISTS
THAT HAVE QUESTIONS FOR OTHER
PANELISTS?
>> I WAS HEARTENED TO HEAR
YESTERDAY AND TODAY, EVERYBODY'S
RESEARCH, THAT RESONATES WITH
WHERE WE FOUND.
BUT I KNOW I USUALLY AM IN THE
SPACE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
RESEARCH, COMPUTER SECURITY AND
HUMAN/COMPUTER INTERACTION.
WHERE SHOULD I LOOK TO FIND THIS
RESEARCH THAT YOU'RE ALL DOING?
WHAT ARE THE LITERATURES I
SHOULD BE CONSULTING TO MAKE
SURE WE'RE NOT MISSING OUT OR
REINVENTING THE WHEEL WHEN
THERE'S GREAT WORK THERE?
>> THAT'S A PHENOMENAL
QUESTION.
I'LL TURN THAT TO THE PANELISTS.
I'M HAPPY TO OFFER MY OWN
SUGGESTIONS BUT I WOULD LOVE TO
HEAR FROM THE PANELISTS.
>> MUCH OF MINE IS PUBLISHED IN
PSYCH JOURNALS, BROAD AGGRESSION
AND VIOLENCE JOURNALS,
PSYCHOVIOLENCE, SOME YOUTH AND
ADOLESCENT-FOCUSED JOURNALS
WHERE WE TEND TO COME OUT AND
USUALLY ARE USING THINGS LIKE
ONLINE AGGRESSION, CYBER
BULLYING, KEY TERMS WHEN WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT THIS.
>> YOU'RE TALKING TO HEALTH
RESEARCHERS, SOME OF US, REALLY
PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE.
THERE'S SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS,
SPECIFICALLY FOCUSED ON
DIFFERENT FORMS OF VIOLENCE
INCLUDING INTIMATE PARTNER
VIOLENCE, AND FOCUSED ON
ADOLESCENT HEALTH THAT HAVE A
LOT OF CONTENT RELATED TO
VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND
APPROACHES THAT HAVE BEEN TESTED
AND EVALUATED AND SUCH.
>> I WOULD ADD DIGITAL HEALTH
JOURNALS ADDRESS A LOT OF THESE
TOPICS.
ONE COMPLICATION I THINK IS THAT
AS YOU'VE SEEN HERE PEOPLE WHO
STUDY THESE ISSUES COME FROM ALL
SORTS OF PLACES AND PUBLISH IN
ALL SORTS OF JOURNALS.
SO I THINK THAT HAS BEEN ONE
CHALLENGE, YOU KNOW, FOR ME WHEN
I'M TRYING TO SEE WHAT PEOPLE
HAVE DONE IS THAT I OFTEN HAVE
TO GO OUTSIDE MY DISCIPLINE AND
AREAS THAT I MIGHT BE LESS
FAMILIAR WITH.
>> I'M GOING TO ASK A SLIGHTLY
DIFFERENT QUESTION BUT ONE I
WOULD REALLY APPRECIATE ALL OF
YOUR ANSWERS TO.
IT TOUCHES ON SOME OF THE THEMES
THAT HAVE COME UP, BOTH TODAY
AND YESTERDAY.
ESPECIALLY THE COMMENTS JUST
MADE ABOUT MULTIPLE DISCIPLINES
THAT COULD AND SHOULD BE AT THE
TABLE FOCUSED ON THE PROBLEM.
IF YOU COULD WAVE A MAGIC WAND
AND LAUNCH A BRAND-NEW OR BUILD
ON EXISTING PROGRAM OF RESEARCH
WITH NO CONCERNS ABOUT TIME OR
FUNDING, WHAT AREAS WOULD YOU
MOST WANT TO EXPLORE AND WHAT
METHODOLOGIES WOULD YOU USE AND
COULD YOU SAY A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
WHY, THIS WOULD BE THE IMPORTANT
AREAS AND METHODOLOGIES YOU
WOULD CHOOSE?
>> WE HAD REASONABLY GOOD LUCK,
WELL, SORT OF GOOD LOOK, AT
IDENTIFYING THE NUMBER OF
FEDERALLY PROSECUTED CYBER
STALKING CASES.
IT'S A NARROW SLICE OF ALL THESE
KINDS OF HARMS.
BUT WE'RE ABLE TO DO GOOD WORK
ON CRIMINAL DOCKETS, IDENTIFY
DOCKETS, TOOK A LOT OF TIME AND
EFFORT, ESPECIALLY TO PROCESS
AND CODE THEM BUT WE COULD DO
IT.
WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW
TO DO THAT AT SCALE.
SAY, FOR OTHER KINDS OF CRIMES.
WHAT WE'RE NOT REALLY ABLE TO DO
EVEN IF WE HAD LOTS OF TIME IS
COLLECTING INFORMATION AT A
STATE LEVEL.
THEY ARE MANAGE THE BY EACH
INDIVIDUAL STATE.
IT'S NOT REALLY POSSIBLE TO GET
HOLISTIC VIEW, THE SCALE, SIZE,
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANY OF THESE
CRIMES, DOESN'T HAVE TO BE CYBER
STALKING, HOWEVER YOU WANT TO
DEFINE IT, BUT OF CRIMINAL CASES
ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AT THE
STATE LEVEL WHERE THE BULK OF
THE ACTION IS.
BULK OF THE HARM IS.
IF I WAS TO WAVE A WAND, I WOULD
LIKE TO BE ABLE TO COLLECT THESE
DATA SYSTEMATICALLY ACROSS ALL
STATES AND DO A MASSIVE CODING
AND ANALYSIS TO GET A
COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF THE RATES,
PREVALENCE, CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE SEVERITY OF THESE CRIMES
THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> YEAH, I THINK ABOUT THIS ALL
THE TIME.
I THINK THAT MORE RECENTLY I'VE
MOVED INTO
DISSEMINATION/IMPLEMENTATION
SCIENCE, THAT COMBINES WITH
HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN, I'VE
LEARNED HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO
FAIL FAST AND DO THINGS RAPIDLY,
AND TRY TO IMPLEMENT THINGS AS
SOON AS YOU CAN BECAUSE I THINK
ESPECIALLY IN DIGITAL AND
ANYTHING RELATED TO TECHNOLOGY
WHAT WE FIND IN THE RESEARCH
SPACE OR DEVELOP IN THE RESEARCH
SPACE JUST GETS SO OUTDATED SO
QUICKLY.
I WOULD LOVE FOR -- I KNOW SOME
AT NIH ARE LISTENING.
I WOULD LOVE FOR THERE TO BE A
MECHANISM, MORE FLEXIBLE IN
TERMS OF WHAT EXACTLY WE PROPOSE
TO DO.
AND MAYBE ENCOURAGE MORE
COLLABORATION WITH, YOU KNOW,
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES,
UP FRONT, NOT JUST LIKE AT THE
END WHEN YOU HAVE A PRODUCT BUT
LIKE UP FRONT AND COMING UP WITH
REALLY CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO
ADDRESS SOME OF THESE THINGS
BECAUSE I THINK WITHOUT THEM --
ALSO WITHOUT THE END USERS AT
THE TABLE INFORMING EVERY STEP
OF THE WAY, WHATEVER WE COME UP
WITH, AS ACADEMICS IN OUR SILOS
WILL NOT BE IMPLEMENTABLE IN THE
END.
>> THANK YOU.
SUNNY, PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>> SURE, THANK YOU.
TOTALLY HEAR THAT.
SO, WE PUBLISHED SOME WORK
EARLIER THIS YEAR THAT WAS WHERE
WE INTERVIEWED A BUNCH OF
EXPERTS WHO DEAL WITH ONLINE
HATE AND HARASSMENT.
WE WERE SPECIFICALLY ASKING FOR
THEM TO PRIORITIZE THE THREATS
THAT INTERNET USERS SHOULD FOCUS
ON, WHAT ADVICE TO HELP PREVENT
AND MITIGATE HATE AND
HARASSMENT.
WHAT WE FOUND WAS THERE WAS
LITTLE TO NO CONSENSUS FROM
EXPERTS ON WHICH ONLINE HATE AND
HARASSMENT THREATS SHOULD BE
PRIORITIZED, WHAT ADVICE THEY
WOULD PRIORITIZE OR HOW THEY
WOULD PRIORITIZE.
IT SEEMS WHEN THINKING ABOUT
THREATS, WHICH THREATS SHOULD
GET PEOPLE ACTIVE ATTENTION OR
PUTTING EFFORT INTO PREVENTING
THESE THINGS, THEY WERE USUALLY
FOCUSING ON EITHER THE SEVERITY
OF THE THREAT, PREVALENCE OF THE
THREAT, AGENCY THAT THE USER HAD
TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE
THREAT BUT DID NOT PRIORITIZE
THE SAME WAY.
SOME EMPHASIZED SEVERITY, SOME
PREVALENCE, AGAIN WITH ADVICE
THEY OFTEN WERE THINKING ABOUT
IS IT THE EFFICACY OF THE
ADVICE, EASY TO IMPLEMENT,
WHETHER IT WOULD CURTAIL ONLINE
IMPLEMENTATION BUT THERE WASN'T
AGREEMENT WHICH WAS MOST
IMPORTANT EVEN AMONG EXPERTS.
WITHOUT THAT WE END UP LIKE WE
DID, FOUND 45 PIECES OF ADVICE
FOR PEOPLE TO FOLLOW TO STAY
SAFE FROM HATE AND HARASSMENT,
TO HELP MITIGATE.
THAT'S NOT TRACTABLE, NOT
SOMETHING PEOPLE CAN DEAL WITH.
SO IF WE WANT TO GET TO A PLACE
WHERE PEOPLE ARE GETTING A CLEAR
CONSISTENT MESSAGE ABOUT WHAT
THEY CAN DO, WE NEED TO KNOW
WHAT THEY SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON.
RIGHT NOW THERE'S NOT EVEN
CONSENSUS ABOUT HOW YOU DECIDE
WHAT PEOPLE SHOULD FOCUS ON.
AND SO IF I COULD WAVE A MAGIC
WAND I THINK I WOULD TRY TO
UNPACK THAT MORE SO WE COULD GET
TO MEANINGFUL USABLE SOLUTIONS.
>> KRISTA AND SABRINA?
>> THIS IS A FASCINATING
QUESTION.
ASSUMING LOTS AND LOTS OF MONEY
AND ACCESS TO PEOPLE, ONE THING
THAT'S COME UP ACROSS MY WORK IS
INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCERS AND
CELEBRITIES AND SO BROADLY I
WOULD LOVE TO SEE IF WE CAN DO
INTERVENTIONS THAT CHANGE
CULTURE AND CLIMATE ONLINE.
I FEEL LIKE THERE'S A FEW WAYS
THAT COULD HAPPEN.
THERE COULD BE MORE GROUND-UP
APPROACH WHERE WE FOCUS ON ONE
NETWORK LIKE A SCHOOL AND THEN
THE ONLINE NETWORKS OF ALL OF
THE YOUTH IN THAT SCHOOL.
AND COULD WE LIKE SIMULTANEOUSLY
DO SCHOOL-BASED AND DIGITAL
INTERVENTIONS IN THAT BROAD
NETWORK AND MAKE CHANGE IN A
CULTURE, IN A SMALLER GROUP OF
PEOPLE.
ANOTHER WAY TO DO IT, TRY TO DO
TOP-DOWN.
CAN WE MAKE CONNECTIONS WITH
INFLUENCERS AND CELEBRITIES THAT
ARE LARGE ENOUGH THAT IT COULD
HAVE AN EFFECT THIS USES ACROSS
ONLINE CULTURE, BY CHANGING THE
WAY WE TALK AND THINK ABOUT
DIFFERENCES AND PEOPLE, AND
EMPHASIZING LIKE WELCOME AND
BELONGING, LIKE IS THERE A WAY
WE CAN CHANGE THAT?
THANKS FOR THAT QUESTION.
>> THANK YOU.
>> EVERYTHING YOU SAID TOOK A
LOT OF THE WORDS OUT OF MY
MOUTH, THINGS I WANTED TO SAY AS
WELL, BUT REALLY LIKE THINKING
ABOUT MULTI-LEVEL INTERVENTIONS,
WHICH ARE DIFFICULT AND THEY
REQUIRE A LOT OF COLLABORATION,
FOLKS MENTIONED EARLIER HAVING
YOUTH AT THE TABLE, HAVING
COMPANIES AT THE TABLE, HAVING
EXPERTS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION
THAT HAVE BEEN WORKING ON
IN-PERSON VIOLENCE PREVENTION
FOR VERY LONG TIME REALLY
INTEGRATING STRATEGIES ACROSS
ALL OF THESE DIFFERENT SECTORS
AND SYSTEMS TO REALLY RESONATE
ALL THAT WE KNOW ALREADY ABOUT
VIOLENCE PREVENTION.
OF COURSE THERE'S SO MUCH MORE
THAT NEEDS TO BE LEARNED ON
PREVENTING THIS IN-PERSON BUT
LET'S BUILD ON WHAT WE KNOW.
AND THAT THAT REAL FOCUS IS ON
COMMUNITY AND SOCIETAL LEVEL
INTERVENTION.
SO I THINK THAT'S REALLY HUGE.
AND THE CHALLENGE IS THAT THOSE
TYPES OF -- EVALUATING THOSE
TYPES OF PROGRAMS AND THEIR
EFFECTS ARE LONG TERM, TAKE A
LOT OF TIME TO SEE SOME OF THOSE
CHANGES.
BUT THOSE ARE LIKE THE
DEEPER-ROOTED CHANGES THAT WE
NEED TO SEE IN ORDER TO HAVE
THAT RIPPLE EFFECT ACROSS A LOT
OF HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING
ONLINE ABUSE.
AND SO THE MAGIC WAND WOULD BE
TIME BECAUSE WE NEED THINGS TO
START MOVING NOW AND PREVENTION
TO REALLY DIVE IN NOW.
AND THEN IN TERMS OF DATA, I
THINK ONE, IT'S SO IMPORTANT TOO
THAT WE'RE COLLECTING
QUALITATIVE OR OPEN-ENDED DATA
BECAUSE WE HAVE SET IDEAS THESE
ARE THE MAIN EXAMPLES OF FORMS
OF ABUSE FOLKS ARE EXPERIENCING
BUT THIS IS EVER-EVOLVING AND
THERE'S SO MANY EXPERIENCES OUT
THERE TO REALLY MAKE SURE THAT
WE'RE UP TO DATE RECOGNIZING
DIFFERENT FORMS OF ABUSE.
LAST THING I'LL SAY IS HAVING
NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE
SURVEYS THAT INCLUDE QUESTIONS
ON ONLINE ABUSE, THE NATIONAL
SURVEYINGS ON VIOLENCE THAT CDC
IMPLEMENTS, IMPORTANCE OF
BRINGING IN THOSE QUESTIONS.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
DAVID, YOU HAVE A QUESTION?
>> I THINK I'M SUPPOSED TO ASK
MY QUESTION THROUGH THE
QUESTION-AND-ANSWER -- WELL, LET
ME THROW IT OUT.
I AGREE WITH SO MUCH OF WHAT'S
BEING SAID, WE NEED TO GENERATE
PREVENTION IDEAS QUICKLY, WE
NEED TO TEST THEM OUT.
SEEMS WHAT WE NEED IS SOMETHING
THAT'S NOT AS AMBITIOUS AS AN
EVALUATION FOR PROGRAMS BUT IT
KIND OF -- MAYBE A NETWORK OF
FOCUS GROUPS WHERE GROUPS OF
PEOPLE COULD GENERATE MESSAGE
IDEAS OR PREVENTION IDEAS AND
TEST THEM OUT WITH YOUNG PEOPLE,
DIFFERENT AGES, I THINK IS ALSO
IMPORTANT.
NOT BECAUSE THE MESSAGES MIGHT
BE IMPORTANT TO TAILOR TO
DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
AND TO GET SOME IDEAS FROM YOUTH
CONSULTANTS ABOUT WHAT WOULD
SEEM TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE FROM
THEIR POINT OF VIEW OR NOT, AND
WHITTLE IT DOWN IN SOME WAY.
BUT GENERATE -- START BY
GENERATING A WHOLE LOT OF NEW
IDEAS.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, DAVID.
THANK YOU.
AS SOMEONE WHO STUDIED
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION,
THESE ARE THINGS LIKE DESIGN
THINKING, ITERATIVE AND
USER-CENTERED DESIGN.
THERE ARE COMMUNITIES YOU CAN
LOOK TO THAT HELP YOU ENGAGE
USERS OR PEOPLE REPRESENTATIVE
OF THE USERS EARLY AND OFTEN
THROUGHOUT SO YOU CAN GET TO A
MUCH BETTER AND MORE USABLE
SOLUTION BY THE TIME YOU
ACTUALLY DEPLOY SOMETHING WITH
THE MORE RIGOROUS CONTROLLED
TRIAL TEST OR WHATEVER.
THERE ARE A LOT OF METHODS THAT
FIELDS LIKE MINE EMPLOY
REGULARLY FOR THAT.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
I REALLY ENJOYED HEARING ALL OF
THOSE IDEAS.
ONE OTHER QUESTION THAT I'D LIKE
TO RAISE, I'LL MAKE SURE WE HAVE
TIME FOR QUESTIONS, BUT
YESTERDAY WE HEARD A BIT ABOUT
SOMETHING I'M WONDERING -- SOME
OF THE PRESENTATIONS TODAY AS
WELL TALKING ABOUT I THINK IN
PARTICULAR THE PRESENTATION ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY, AND I'M
WONDERING IF THE PANELISTS HERE
MIGHT BE WILLING TO COMMENT ON
DIGITAL LITERACY AND THE ROLE
THAT THAT PLAYS ACROSS THE TIMES
OF RE-- TYPES OF RESEARCH YOU'RE
DOING, IF AND HOW IT FACTORS IN.
PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>> I CERTAINLY DON'T WANT TO
DOMINATE.
PLEASE, SOMEONE ELSE SHOULD
SPEAK UP.
YEAH, WE ACTUALLY IN SOME RECENT
WORK AGAIN PUBLISHED EARLIER
THIS YEAR AT THE CONFERENCE
SPECIFICALLY EXPLORED, WE
STARTED OUT LOOKING AT DIGITAL
LITERACY IN YOUTH AND THEIR
INFORMATION PRACTICES, ENDED UP
WITH SOMETHING WE CALL
INFORMATION SENSIBILITY.
WE WERE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED
IN HOW THEY MIGHT -- MEMBERS
MIGHT BE VULNERABLE TO
MISINFORMATION ONLINE, AND WHAT
WE FOUND WAS THEY OFTEN WEREN'T
NECESSARILY SEEKING TRUTH.
THAT WASN'T THE PRIMARILY
OBJECTIVE, MORE WANTING TO KNOW
WHAT THEIR SOCIAL CIRCLES WERE
SAYING AND DIDN'T WANT TO BREAK
OUT OF THAT.
SO IF YOU WERE INVOLVED IN A
SOCIAL CIRCLE THAT WAS BOUGHT
INTO MISINFORMATION OR
CONSPIRACY THEORIES YOU WERE
GOING TO STICK WITH THAT.
WE SAW THINGS LIKE IN SCHOOL
LEARNING WIKI IS DICKEY, A
COMPLETE DISTRUST OF WIKIPEDIA.
TAUGHT NOTHING WITH DOT ORG OR
DOT GOV IS UNTRUSTWORTHY, WHICH
IS RIDICULOUS.
I HAVE A DOT ORG.
THEY ARE LOOKING FOR ANYTHING
WITH A CITATION IS PROBABLY
LEGITIMATE NO MATTER WHAT OR
WHERE IT'S COMING FROM.
AND ALL OF THEM, WHEN WE SHOWED
THEM INTERVENTIONS THAT WERE
LOOKING AT COMMON DIGITAL
LITERACY, ENCOURAGING GOOD
DIGITAL LITERACY HYGIENE AND ALL
OF THEM INCLUDING THE ONES WHO
WERE CONSPIRATORIAL THINKING OR
INTO MISINFORMATION, ALL OF THAT
WAS GREAT.
ALL OF THOSE TIPS WERE GREAT.
THEY ALL THOUGHT THEY WERE
FOLLOWING THAT ADVICE.
WE DIDN'T THINK THEY WERE ALL
FOLLOWING THAT ADVICE BUT THEY
DID.
A LOT OF THIS WAS -- A LOT WAS
COMING FROM WHAT THEY WERE
LEARNING IN SCHOOL.
SO ANYWAY, I THINK THERE'S A LOT
MORE TO UNPACK THERE IN LOOKING
FOR MOTIVATIONS AND WHAT IT IS
THAT DRIVE PEOPLE'S BEHAVIORS
AND BULLIES AND THINGS ONLINE, A
HUGE AREA.
>> YEAH, I THOUGHT IT WAS
FASCINATING WHAT SUNNY SAID.
ALSO SOMEWHAT ALARMING, WITH
THINGS I SEE WITH TEENAGERS.
AND PART OF THE -- SOME WORK WE
DO IN OUR GROUP IS TRYING TO GET
AHEAD OF MISINFORMATION AND
DISINFORMATION BY, YOU KNOW,
TEACHING LGBTs YOU KNOW WHEN
THEY ARE YOUNG ABOUT SEX
EDUCATION AND STUFF LIKE THAT
BEFORE THEY LEARN THINGS THAT,
YOU KNOW, FROM PORN OR FROM APPS
OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
BUT I THINK, YOU KNOW, A TRICKY
CHALLENGE IS THAT GETTING THAT
INFORMATION TO TEENS CAN BE
REALLY HARD DUE TO LIKE SCHOOLS
DON'T WANT TO TALK ABOUT SEX
WITH TEENAGERS, ESPECIALLY IF
IT'S LGBTQ TEENS.
THEY DON'T WANT TO TALK ABOUT
ONLINE SPACES, RESEARCHES FOR
ADULTS TECHNICALLY BECAUSE TEENS
ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE THERE SO
WE HAVE TO FIND ALTERNATIVE WAYS
TO GET ONLINE LITERACY TO
TEENAGERS WHICH IS WHY I DO SO
MUCH WORK ONLINE.
ONE OF MY GRANTS IS PRE-BUNKING,
THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE MORE
EFFECTIVE THAN DEBUNKING
INFORMATION THAT'S ALREADY OUT
THERE.
AGAIN, THIS IDEA OF GETTING
AHEAD OF MISINFORMATION BY
PREEMPTIVELY TEACHING PEOPLE
ABOUT THIS PARTICULAR GRANT IS
ABOUT HIV VACCINES WHICH DON'T
EXIST YET BUT ARE ANTICIPATED IN
THE FUTURE.
AND A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE
MISCONCEPTIONS, CONSPIRACY ABOUT
VACCINES, THIS PROJECT IS
INTENDED TO EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT
THE SCIENCE BEHIND IT, TEACH TO
BE MORE CRITICAL ABOUT
INFORMATION AND ADDRESS LIKE
THESE COMMENTS AND BARRIERS TO
MISINFORMATION.
I THINK THAT'S ONE WAY TO DO IT.
BUT AS I THINK EVERYONE KNOWS
NOT EVERYONE IS SO INVESTED IN
INVESTING IN PREVENTION BECAUSE
BAD THINGS HAVEN'T HAPPENED YET
SO I THINK IF WE COULD KIND OF
CREATE A CULTURE WHERE DIGITAL
LITERACY, ONLINE LITERACY WITH
IDEA OF PREVENTING SOME OF THESE
HAS ADVERSE EFFECTS IS MORE
WIDELY ACCEPTED, I THINK THAT
WOULD BE GREAT.
>> I WANT TO ECHO SOMETHING DR.
MEHARI SAID EARLIER ABOUT
CELEBRITIES OR INFLUENCERS
HELPING COMMUNICATE SOME OF THIS
.
WE SAW HEAVY DISTRUST IN
INSTITUTIONS AND NEWS MEDIA
OUTLETS, WHETHER IT WAS ON RIGHT
OR LEFT WING, "NEW YORK TIMES,"
WALL STREET JOURNAL, ALL OF
THOSE SINCE THEY HAD A
SUBSCRIPTION, OH, THEY ARE AFTER
MONEY, THEY ARE NOT AFTER THE
TRUTH.
WHO THEY DID BELIEVE WERE
INFLUENCERS, JOE ROGAN OF COURSE
IS SOMEONE WHO IS ONLY
ALTRUISTIC SO THEY REALLY WERE
LOOKING TO INFLUENCERS TO GET
THEIR INFORMATION AND TO KIND OF
HELP THEM ARGUE FOR THEIR POINTS
AND SET GUIDELINES.
DR. MEHARI HAD A GREAT IDEA
USING CELEBRITIES AND
INFLUENCERS TO GET THE WORD OUT.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SABRINA?
>> I AGREE, USING INFLUENCERS IS
A GREAT IDEA.
AND TO MY POINT OF HOW DO YOU
GET THIS DIGITAL LITERACY OUT
INTO THE WORLD, AND THE SYSTEMS,
THAT COME TO MIND FOR ME OF
COURSE ARE SCHOOLS AND WHAT
EDUCATION IS ALREADY BEING DONE
BUILT INTO SCHOOLS, THINKING,
YOU KNOW, WE MENTIONED AROUND
CDC FUNDING THAT GOES TO
PROGRAMMING TO DO VIOLENCE
PREVENTION IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES.
AND I THINK THERE'S THIS REAL
DIVIDE, THIS GAP BETWEEN FOLKS
WORKING IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL
SPACES AND FOLKS DOING
PREVENTION ON THE GROUND IN
COMMUNITIES, AND SO MANY ARE
WORKING WITH YOUTH, AND SORT OF
LEARNING ABOUT STRATEGIES FOR
PREVENTION AND ONLINE SPACES, ON
THE FLY BECAUSE THAT'S NOT
TYPICALLY BUILT INTO A LOT OF
OUR VIOLENCE PREVENTION
PROGRAMS.
SO I THINK REALLY FOR THERE TO
BE A MOVEMENT OF THESE REALLY
STANDARD EVIDENCE-BASED VIOLENCE
PREVENTION MODELS TO BE BRINGING
IN FORMAL PARTS OF THEM FOCUSED
ON DIGITAL LITERACY, ONLINE
ABUSE, IS SO CRITICAL AND
BRIDGING THAT DIVIDE BETWEEN
FOLKS THAT REALLY ARE STRONG IN
TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS,
UNDERSTANDING HOW THESE THINGS
ARE HAPPENING IN TECHNOLOGICAL
SPACES AND BRINGING THAT TO ALL
PREVENTIONISTS THAT ARE OUT
THERE, DOING THIS WORK, THAT
COULD BE DONE THROUGH FUNDING
MECHANISMS THAT HAVING
REQUIREMENTS WITH FUNDING
MECHANISMS TO BRING IN THE
ONLINE COMPONENTS.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
I'M GOING TO TAKE A QUESTION
FROM THE Q&A.
I THINK THIS IS PRIMARILY GEARED
TOWARDS SUNNY OR ANYONE THAT
WANTS TO WEIGH IN AS WELL THAT'S
HAD THIS EXPERIENCE.
IN COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN
MULTIPLE SECTORS WHICH ARE THE
MOST CHALLENGING ASPECTS OF DATA
SHARING, MIGHT IT BE LINKAGE,
ARCHITECTURE, OTHER CHALLENGES
YOU WANT TO HIGHLIGHT?
>> I CAN ONLY SPEAK TO MY
PERSONAL EXPERIENCES.
THERE ARE RESEARCHERS FROM A
BROAD VARIETY OF BACKGROUNDS
ACROSS GOOGLE WORKING WITH
ACADEMIA WITH DIFFERENT
EXPERIENCES.
I PRIMARILY DO QUALITATIVE WORK.
WHEN WE'RE COLLABORATING WITH
ACADEMIA OR SOME OTHER
INSTITUTION, GENERALLY ONE OF
THOSE INSTITUTIONS HAS THE DATA.
IT'S NOT NECESSARILY ALWAYS
SOMETHING THAT'S SHARED.
FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE WORK WE DID
ON DIGITAL SAFETY THAT WAS LED
BY CORNELL THAT HAD THE RAW
DATA.
WE DID NOT.
THERE WAS A TIME WE LOOKED INTO
WHETHER OR NOT WE SHOULD ALL GET
THE HUMAN SUBJECT CERTIFICATIONS
GROUP, CORNELL TO GET ACCESS,
ULTIMATELY DECIDED THE SAFER AND
MORE SECURE APPROACH WAS TO NOT
DO THAT, TO JUST LET IT BE IN
CORNELL'S HANDS SO THEY WERE
ABLE TO CONTROL THAT DATA AND
DELETE WHEN THEY NEEDED TO.
AND WE OFTEN MAKE SIMILAR TYPES
OF CALLS.
IT'S NOT UNUSUAL FOR A STUDENT
TO WORK ON INTERNSHIP OR STUDENT
RESEARCHER, WE MIGHT CONTROL
DATA AND WORK WITH THE ADVISER
AND INSTITUTION BUT THEY DON'T
HAVE ACCESS TO THAT DATA.
THE STUDENT DOES WHILE THEY WORK
HERE BUT WHEN THE STUDENT GOES
BACK TO SCHOOL THEY OFTEN LOSE
THAT ACCESS, AT LEAST IN MY
EXPERIENCES.
AND SO I THINK THERE ARE WAYS TO
SHARE THE DATA BUT WE GENERALLY
TAKE A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH AND
PRIORITIZE THE SECURITY OF THAT
DATA, AND THE SAFETY OF THE
PARTICIPANTS, OVER THE
CONVENIENCE OF SHARING THAT
DATA.
BUT MY EXPERIENCE IS THE ONLY
ONE OUT THERE.
WE DO HAVE VERY HIGH SECURITY
STANDARDS, I SHOULD NOTE.
AND SOMETIMES ACADEMICS ARE NOT
USED TO THE SECURITY BAR WE DEAL
WITH.
WE HAVE ANONYMIZATION EXPERTS,
SECURITY EXPERTS WHO UNDERSTAND
INSIDE THREATS AND HACKERS.
WE CONSULT, GIVEN THE THREATS OF
THE POPULATION WE'RE WORKING
WITH OR GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS
WE'RE USING APPROPRIATE SECURITY
STANDARDS FOR THEM.
I HOPE THAT HELPS ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
>> YES, THAT WAS VERY HELPFUL.
THANK YOU.
>> MY EXPERIENCE WITH DIGITAL
DATA, THE POLICE DEPARTMENT, FOR
EXAMPLE, MIGHT HAVE THREE
DIFFERENT WAYS THEY KEEP TRACK
OF DATA, PARTICULAR PROTECTIONS
AROUND JUVENILE DATA THAT
DEPENDS HOW YOU INTERPRET
FEDERAL LAW MAKES IT SO THEY
CAN'T SHARE.
EVEN WHEN THEY DO SHARE, IT IS
SO MESSY AND IN SO MANY PLACES
THAT JUST FINDING IT IS
DIFFICULT.
THIS INCLUDES DATA ABOUT CYBER
THREATS WHERE THEY ARE TRACKING
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ONLINE THAT
THEY THINK IS A HIGH LIKELIHOOD
OF LEADING TO PHYSICAL VIOLENCE.
AND SAME FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS.
ONE DISTRICT CHANGES ITS ONLINE
SYSTEM EVERY THREE YEARS.
THERE'S REALLY INCONSISTENT
COMPLETION OF BUILDING OUT THEIR
SYSTEMS, TRACKING DISCIPLINARY
DATA, FOR EXAMPLE.
AND THEN THERE'S ALSO THINGS
LIKE FERPA THAT MAKE IT SO
LAWYERS AND CONTRACTS NEED TO BE
INVOLVED BEFORE WE GET THE DATA,
IN ADDITION TO IRBs.
SO IT DOES FEEL VERY DIFFICULT
TO BE PULLING INFORMATION FROM
MULTIPLE PLACES, EVEN RELATED TO
CYBER AGGRESSION.
>> THANK YOU FOR SHARING YOUR
PERSPECTIVE.
I'M GOING TO ASK ANOTHER
QUESTION FROM THE CHAT THAT I
THINK DOVETAILS WITH SOME OF
WHAT YOU WERE JUST SAYING.
BUT WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS
OF COLLABORATING TO DO RESEARCH
ON THIS TOPIC AND WHAT WORKS
WELL, WHAT DOESN'T?
WE HEARD ABOUT SOME OF THE
CHALLENGES CERTAINLY, HAPPY TO
HEAR MORE CHALLENGES AS WELL AS
THE PARTICULAR STRENGTHS OF
PARTNERING TO DO THIS KIND OF
WORK.
PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>> YEAH, I CAN JUMP IN.
ONE BIG PRO IN MY EXPERIENCE IS
THAT YOU LEARN SO MUCH MORE FROM
OTHER PEOPLE AND OTHER
DISCIPLINES LITERALLY WORKING ON
THE SAME PROBLEMS AS YOU ARE.
SO, I THINK THAT GENERATES MORE
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
AND SORT OF WORKING, YOU KNOW,
WITHIN YOUR OWN DISCIPLINE.
YOU KNOW, I THINK THE CON OF
THAT IS THAT IT CAN BE HARDER
BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE ARE
USED TO DIFFERENT METHODS AND
DIFFERENT SPEEDS OF DOING
THINGS.
WHEN I WORKED WITH SOFTWARE
DEVELOPERS I'M A CLINICAL
PSYCHOLOGIST AND WE'RE MUCH
ACADEMIC CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY,
WHO IS GLACIALLY SLOW, YOU KNOW,
WHEN I WAS WORKING, WHEN I
STARTED WORKING WITH PEOPLE HBI
AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT I
LEARNED I NEEDED TO PICK UP THE
PACE OF WHAT I WAS DOING TO MOVE
THINGS FORWARD.
SO I THINK THAT THE PROS
OUTWEIGH THE CONS, BUT THAT, IF
YOU INTRODUCE OTHER DISCIPLINES
IT CAN GET MORE COMPLICATED BUT
AT THE END OF THE DAY MUCH MORE
IMPACTFUL AND REWARDING IF IT
WERE JUST TO COME FROM LIKE ME,
A PSYCHOLOGIST.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SUNNY, PLEASE.
>> YEAH, I THINK SOME OF THIS I
COVERED IN MY TALK WHERE I
REALLY DO THINK IT AFFECTS THE
INTEGRITY OF THE RESEARCH, WHERE
YOU CAN BRING IN THE RIGHT
EXPERTS.
THIS WAS BROUGHT UP YESTERDAY
THAT FOR SOME YOU NEED TO BE
TRAINED IN HOW TO DO SOME OF
THIS WORK AND NOT EVERYONE HAS
THAT.
I KNOW SOMETIMES I'VE WORKED
WITH PEOPLE WHO REALLY
UNDERSTAND HOW TO WORK WITH SOME
OF THESE VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
BUT THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND
PRIVACY OR SECURITY RISK.
AND SO, AGAIN, LIKE WAS JUST
SAID YOU CAN BRING THE RIGHT SET
OF PEOPLE IN TO INFORM THE WORK
SO THAT YOU CAN DO WORK THAT'S
GOING TO HAVE MORE IMPACT OR BE
MEANINGFUL OVER TIME.
I KNOW WITH US A LOT OF AT LEAST
SOME OF THE ACADEMIC WORK WE SEE
THEY WANT TO HAVE IMPACT IN
RESEARCH BUT THEY ARE NOT -- I
MEAN INDUSTRY BUT THEY ARE NOT
CONSIDERING REQUIREMENTS
INDUSTRY FACES.
SO SOMETIMES WHEN WE CAN DO A
COLLABORATION WE CAN HELP STEER
THE RESEARCH TO INCLUDE SOME OF
WHAT WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO DEAL
WITH.
AND WHICH GIVES IT A STRONGER
LIKELIHOOD THAT THE IMPACT WILL
BE THERE.
I ALSO THINK IT HELPS MAKE SURE
YOU'RE REACHING THE AUDIENCES
WHO CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT.
IF YOU'VE GOT THE RIGHT
PSYCHOLOGISTS OR ANTHROPOLOGIST
ETHNOGRAPHY, IT REQUIRES US TO
COME TOGETHER.
THE MORE WHO ARE INVOLVED IN
RESEARCH AND COLLABORATING,
BETTER CHANCE WE HAVE OF MAKING
SURE ALL THESE DISCIPLINES HEAR
ABOUT THE WORK AND KNOW WHAT TO
DO, BUT IT DOES TAKE TIME.
IT CAN BE A LOT LONGER THAN IF
YOU'RE DOING SOMETHING BY
YOURSELF.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
THESE ARE I THINK A LOT TO
CONSIDER, A LOT TO THINK ABOUT.
ANOTHER QUESTION FROM THE Q&A
THAT I'M GOING TO READ AS IS AND
MAYBE ASK FOLKS TO EXPAND ON IT,
JUST A BIT.
I'M CONCERNED DIGITAL LITERACY
MOVEMENT IS ONE OF NEW SILOS
THAT'S GOING TO DISPLACE
EVIDENCE-BASED PREVENTION THAT
ALREADY EXISTS.
I'M WONDERING IF ANYONE COULD
SPEAK SPECIFICALLY TO CONCERNS
ABOUT THE SILO OF DIGITAL
LITERACY, BUT SORT OF MORE
BROADLY ALSO TALKING ABOUT, YOU
KNOW, HOW DO WE WORK TOGETHER,
WHICH DISCIPLINES SHOULD BE AT
THE TABLE TO HELP SOLVE THIS,
AND SUNNY, YOU NOTED WIKI
PROBLEMS, ARE THERE ANY
PARTICULAR CONCERNS OR WAYS TO
BEST MOVE FORWARD AND MAKE SURE
THAT WE ARE COMING UP WITH
SOLUTIONS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE,
IMPACTFUL, EQUITABLE, SCALABLE,
KIND OF ADDRESSING ALL OF THE
DIMENSIONS OF THE PROBLEM.
>> I'LL CHIME IN TO SAY THAT I
THINK THIS IS REALLY ONE OF MY
KEY POINTS THAT I HOPE TO MAKE
WITH MY PRESENTATION, AND MY
COMMENTS AS WELL, THAT THERE'S
FOLKS THAT ARE WORKING ON THESE
FORMS OF VIOLENCE AND ABUSE, AND
HAVE BEEN FOR DECADES.
AND SO IT'S SO CRITICAL WE DON'T
CREATE A SEPARATE SILO.
BUT THAT WE UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH
BROADER THE IMPACT OF THESE
FORMS OF VIOLENCE MIGHT HAVE,
THE WAY THEY CAN SPREAD, THE WAY
THEY CANNOT BE TAKEN DOWN, THE
WAYS THAT THIS CAN BE SHARED
WITH SO MANY PEOPLE.
AND THEREFORE THE IMPACT ON AN
INDIVIDUAL CAN BE MUCH GREATER.
AND SO THE COLLABORATIONS THAT
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT REALLY BRING
THE VIOLENCE PREVENTIONISTS TO
THE TABLE TO LEARN FROM THEIR
EXPERTISE ON HOW DO WE PREVENT
THESE FORMS OF VIOLENCE IS SO
CRITICAL, AND THE DIGITAL
PREVENTION SPACE DOESN'T SORT OF
SEPARATE ITSELF FROM THOSE AND
FROM ALL OF THE FANTASTIC WORK
THAT'S BEEN HAPPENING FOR MANY
DECADES NOW.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SUNNY, PLEASE, GO AHEAD.
>> I'LL CHIME IN.
I THINK INCENTIVES HAVE A LOT TO
DO WITH IT.
WE'VE HEARD FROM MANY SPEAKERS
TODAY THAT IF THE FUNDING
DOESN'T ALLOW FOR THIS TYPE OF
COLLABORATION, PROBABLY IT'S NOT
GOING TO HAPPEN.
IF IT'S NOT GOING TO HELP
SOMEONE WITH TENURE CASE THEY
MIGHT BE ABLE TO SPEND TIME, IF
OTHER PEOPLE ARE GETTING FUNDING
OR GETTING MORE PAPERS BECAUSE
THEY ARE NOT TAKING THE TIME TO
CROSS DISCIPLINES OR WORK WITH
OTHER INSTITUTIONS, I THINK
THOSE INCENTIVES REALLY DRIVE A
LOT OF CHOICE.
EVEN I'VE SEEN WELL-ESTABLISHED
FULL PROFESSORS WHO DON'T NEED
THE PAPER, BUT STUDENTS DO NEED
THE PAPER.
STILL, ALL THESE INCENTIVES COME
INTO PLAY THAT I THINK OFTEN
TAKE PRIORITY OVER THESE
COLLABORATIONS.
WE NEED TO BE WILLING TO MAKE
THE SPACE FOR THAT AND CARVE OUT
INCENTIVES TO ALLOW THAT TO
HAPPEN.
ALSO DISCIPLINES VALUE DIFFERENT
THINGS.
WE'VE HEARD EVERYONE TODAY
TALKING ABOUT JOURNALS.
I ALMOST NEVER PUBLISH IN
JOURNALS, I ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY
PUBLISH IN CONFERENCES, TYPICAL
OF COMPUTER SCIENCE.
JOURNALS TAKE TOO LONG.
WE'RE MOVING TO FAST.
YOU KNOW, IT DOESN'T HURT ME TO
PUBLISH IN A JOURNAL, BUT
SOMETIMES THE PROFESSORS CAN'T
PUBLISH IN THE CONFERENCES THAT
WE WOULD GO TO BECAUSE THEIR
DEPARTMENTS DON'T SEE THOSE
THINGS AS VALUABLE.
AND SO, AGAIN, I THINK
INCENTIVES DRIVE A LOT.
>> THANK YOU.
KATHRYN?
>> YEAH, TO THE POINT THAT WAS
RAISED ABOUT CREATING SILOS AND
DISPLACING EVIDENCE-BASED
PREVENTION THAT EXISTS, I AGREE
BUT ALSO THINK MUCH THEMES
POPPING UP, THIS AFFECTS PEOPLE
OF COLOR, WOMEN, LGBTQ FOLKS, A
LOT OF INTERVENTIONS WERE NOT
DESIGNED WITH THOSE FOLKS IN
MIND.
AND DON'T ADDRESS SOME OF THESE
SOCIAL OR CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
THAT MIGHT MAKE SOMEBODY WHO IS
LGBTQ, BLACK, A WOMAN, AT
HEIGHTENED RISK FOR EXPERIENCING
THESE THINGS SO I DO THINK THAT
THERE IS ROOM FOR INNOVATION IN
THAT SPACE BECAUSE I THINK
ANOTHER POINT FOLKS MENTIONED A
LOT OF INTERVENTIONS THAT DO
WORK A LITTLE BIT, WORK A LITTLE
BIT BUT DON'T WORK A LOT.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
KRISTA, PLEASE.
YOU MAY STILL BE ON MUTE.
>> YES, I WAS.
I WAS GOING TO SAY SOMETIMES
WITH -- IT'S EASY TO GO INTO
SILOS BECAUSE IT'S HARD TO CATCH
UP ON DOMAINS OF RESEARCH YOU'RE
NOT FAMILIAR WITH AND REQUIRES A
LOT OF ENERGY AND TIME AND
SOMETIMES IT'S HARD TO ACCESS
SUMMARIES OF A BODY OF WORK
EASILY.
SO LIKE A COMPUTER SCIENTIST IS
NOT GOING TO NECESSARILY KNOW
VIOLENCE PREVENTION WORK THAT'S
BEEN HAPPENING FOR 30, 40 YEARS,
THAT'S NOT FEASIBLE.
SO IT SEEMS LIKE SILOS DEVELOP
NATURALLY UNLESS AS PEOPLE ARE
SAYING THERE'S INCENTIVES FOR
LIKE QUICK -- THE CREATION OF
INFORMATION THAT IS QUICK AND
EASY TO CONSUME FROM OTHER
DISCIPLINES, THINGS LIKE
CREATION OF SHARED LANGUAGE, SO
I KNOW WHAT THE WORD PEOPLE
MIGHT MEAN WHEN THEY ARE USING
THEM.
AND THEN ALSO TIME FOR PLANNING,
SO GRANTS THAT DON'T NECESSARILY
HAVE AN OUTCOME BUT ARE JUST FOR
THE PURPOSE OF PULLING PEOPLE
TOGETHER TO PLAN AND THINK
THROUGH.
>> FANTASTIC.
AND SABRINA, ONE ADDITIONAL
THOUGHT?
>> I WANTED TO JUST AFFIRM THAT
I THINK THE COMMENT MADE AROUND
POPULATIONS THAT ARE AT HIGHER
RISK, HIGHEST RISK FOR VIOLENCE,
THOSE ARE ALSO THE POPULATIONS
THAT ARE AT HIGHEST RISK FOR
IN-PERSON VIOLENCE.
AND YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT THAT
THE EFFORTS ARE LAGGING TO
SPECIFICALLY ADDRESS HIGH RISK
POPULATIONS WITH SOME OF THE
TRADITIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED
MODELS, THAT'S SHIFTING.
THERE'S A LOT OF WORK THAT'S
GOING INTO REALLY THINKING ABOUT
THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF LGBTQ
YOUTH, RACIAL AND ETHNIC
MINORITIES, FOLKS EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLE MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES
THAT GOES WITH THIS SHIFT TO
MOVE TO COMMUNITY AND
SOCIETAL-LEVEL PREVENTION, BUT
GREAT POINT.
>> THANK YOU TO EVERYONE.
WE'RE AT TIME FOR THIS
DISCUSSION.
I WANT TO THANK ALL OF THE
PANELISTS WHO WERE ABLE TO
PARTICIPATE TODAY AND THOSE ABLE
TO STAY FOR THIS GROUP
DISCUSSION.
IT'S BEEN AN ABSOLUTE PLEASURE.
WE'VE ALL LEARNED SO MUCH FROM
THIS.
AND LOTS OF FOOD FOR THOUGHT.
AND IT WAS JUST REALLY A
PRIVILEGE TO BE ABLE TO HELP
FACILITATE THIS CONVERSATION.
I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THAT IT IS
NOW MY HONOR TO BE ABLE TO
INTRODUCE DR. JANE SIMONI.
JANE IS THE -- DR. SIMONI IS
THE -- --
>> IT'S BEEN A LONG DAY.
>> A VERY LONG DAY, MY
APOLOGIES.
I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE DR.
SIMONI, NIH ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
FOR BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL
SCIENCES RESEARCH AS WELL AS
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH.
SO IT'S MY PRIVILEGE TO
INTRODUCE HER AND THANK YOU SO
MUCH, DR. SIMONI, FOR SHARING
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
>> SURE, SURE, NO PROBLEM.
IT'S MY PRIVILEGE ACTUALLY TO BE
ABLE TO CLOSE THIS GREAT
MEETING, AS MY SCHEDULE
PERMITTED I WAS ABLE TO ATTEND A
LOT AND ENJOYED IT.
I HAVE A FEW CLOSING WORDS.
FIRST OF ALL, WE'RE COORDINATING
OFFICE, OFFICE OF BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE WITHIN THE NIH
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR.
I HAVE DUAL ROLES, I RUN THE
OFFERS AND I'M ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR OF BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL SCIENCES AT THE NIH, THE
SO THE IDEA WAS TO HAVE AN
IMPACT ACROSS ALL THE DIFFERENT
FIELDS AND INSTITUTES, CENTERS
AND OFFICES.
SO WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR
COORDINATING ALL THE HEALTH
RELEVANT BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL
SCIENCES AND TO IDENTIFY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO
ADVANCE THESE SCIENCES AT THE
NIH.
SOAP WE FOCUS ON EFFORTS THAT
CUT ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF THESE
NIH ICOS, THEY DON'T FIT
SQUARELY OR SLOWLY INTO ONE
MISSION.
WE DON'T FOCUS JUST ON CANCER OR
WOMEN OR LGBTQ HEALTH BUT TOPICS
THAT FIT ACROSS A LOT OF THESE.
SO VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT IS
ONE SUCH TOPIC.
WE HAVE BEEN LEADING SEVERAL
INITIATIVES ACTUALLY IN THIS
SPACE OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS,
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH COLLEAGUES
AT A NUMBER OF THESE ICOS AT
NIH.
IN THIS WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING
AND ADDRESSING THE HEALTH
IMPACTS OF ONLINE ABUSE AND
HARASSMENT, IS ONE SUCH CRITICAL
EFFORT.
THIS WORKSHOP IS THE NIH
CONTRIBUTION TO THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WHITE
HOUSE TASK FORCE TO ADDRESS
ONLINE HARASSMENT AND ABUSE.
THIS TASK FORCE IS DEVELOPING
RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE
PREVENTION, RESPONSE, PROTECTION
EFFORTS FOR TECHNOLOGY
FACILITATED GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE.
THIS WORKSHOP SOUGHT TO OBTAIN
YOUR INPUT AS EXPERTS IN THE
FIELD AND HELP US IDENTIFY GAPS,
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES IN
ADVANCING RESEARCH AGENDA THAT
WILL HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND
CLINICAL, HEALTH, DEVELOPMENTAL
IMPACTS OF THIS IMPORTANT
PROBLEM ONLINE HARASSMENT.
WITH THIS INFORMATION WE CAN
FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION
EFFORTS AND GUIDE THE FIELD IN
TERMS OF WHAT RESEARCH NEEDS TO
BE DONE.
OVER THE LAST TWO DAYS WE'VE
HEARD FROM A WIDE RANGE OF
EXPERT RESEARCHERS AND
PRACTITIONERS ABOUT TOPICS,
INCLUDING NEEDS OF UNDER
RESOURCED POPULATIONS, LEARNING
FROM OTHER RELATED RESEARCH
AREAS, POTENTIAL COLLABORATIONS,
PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES.
WE LOOK FORWARD TO SUMMARIZING
ALL THIS TOGETHER, INSIGHTFUL
COMMENTS OVER THE LAST TWO DAYS
AND SHARE A SUMMARY REPORT THAT
WILL PROVIDE GUIDANCE FOR THE
FIELD.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK NIH
PLANNING COMMITTEE AND
ESPECIALLY CO-LEADS, BETH
JAWORSKI AND VALERIE MAHOLMES
FROM NIH INSTITUTE FOR CHILD AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, REPRESENTING
NIH ON THAT WHITE HOUSE TASK
FORCE THAT WE TALKED ABOUT.
THEY WORKED TIRELESSLY OVER THE
LAST YEAR AND A HALF TO PUT
TOGETHER THIS WORKSHOP AND BRING
IT TO LIFE.
I THINK THEIR HARD WORK PAID OFF
AS YOU CAN OBVIOUSLY TELL.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL OF YOU
FOR YOUR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION,
ESPECIALLY THE SPEAKERS AND
THOSE PARTICIPANTS WHO STAYED ON
AND ENGAGED IN DISCUSSION, FOR
THIS IMPORTANT EFFORT WE'RE
WORKING ON.
THANK YOU AGAIN, EVERYONE
INVOLVED, HAVE A WONDERFUL
EVENING, AND WEEKEND.
WE'RE OFFICIALLY ADJOURNED.