1
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>> WAYS THAT TO IMPROVING
HEALTH

2
00:02:26,590 --> 00:02:28,359
OF THE POPULATION AND WE'RE SO 

3
00:02:28,359 --> 00:02:29,760
THANKFUL THAT YOU'RE SPENDING 

4
00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:33,697
SOME OF THAT WITH US.

5
00:02:33,697 --> 00:02:36,100
 DURING THIS WORKSHOP WE'LL 

6
00:02:36,100 --> 00:02:37,401
UNDERSTAND THE OPPORTUNITIES 

7
00:02:37,401 --> 00:02:38,302
THAT WE FACE IN THIS SCIENTIFIC 

8
00:02:38,302 --> 00:02:42,373
REALM.

9
00:02:42,373 --> 00:02:43,374
THESE DISCUSSIONS ARE IMPORTANT 

10
00:02:43,374 --> 00:02:45,909
TO US AT THE INSTITUTE AND 

11
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ESPECIALLY TO THE DIVISION OF 

12
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CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES AND THE 

13
00:02:49,346 --> 00:02:49,913
NATIONAL CENTER FOR SLEEP 

14
00:02:49,913 --> 00:03:00,257
DISORDERS RESEARCH.

15
00:03:01,759 --> 00:03:03,127
WE RELEASED OUR IMPLEMENTATION 

16
00:03:03,127 --> 00:03:11,101
PLAN AND ONE OF THE SIX PILLARS 

17
00:03:11,101 --> 00:03:15,673
IS TO UNDERSTAND RESILIENCE AN 

18
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SOME INDIVIDUALS DO VERY WELL 

19
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DESPITE BEING EXPOSED TO THE 

20
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SAME HARMFUL EXPOSURES IN THE 

21
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ENVIRONMENT THAT CAUSE OTHER 

22
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PEOPLE TO HAVE MEDICAL PROBLEMS.

23
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AND IF WE CAN UNDERSTAND WHY 

24
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SOME INDIVIDUALS ARE MORE 

25
00:03:31,755 --> 00:03:33,624
RESILIENT TO THESE HARMFUL 

26
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EXPOSURES THAN OTHERS WE SHOULD 

27
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ABLE TO LEVERAGE THAT 

28
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UNDERSTANDING TO IMPROVE HEALTH 

29
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OF THE POPULATION MORE BROADLY.

30
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SO THIS FOCUS ON RESILIENCE IS 

31
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CRITICAL TO ALL ASPECTS OF OUR 

32
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PORTFOLIO.

33
00:03:46,770 --> 00:03:50,507
WHEN WE STARTED THINKING ABOUT 

34
00:03:50,507 --> 00:03:53,877
HOW TO PURSUE RESILIENCE 

35
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RESEARCH, IT BECAME OBVIOUS VERY

36
00:03:55,679 --> 00:03:58,282
EARLY NO MATTER WHICH PART OF 

37
00:03:58,282 --> 00:03:59,183
THE CARDIOVASCULAR PORTFOLIO 

38
00:03:59,183 --> 00:04:01,719
CONDITIONS CAN YOU THINK ABOUT 

39
00:04:01,719 --> 00:04:05,756
WHETHER IT'S HYPERTENSION OR 

40
00:04:05,756 --> 00:04:09,526
DYSLIPIDEMIA OR HEART FAILURE OR

41
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ON AN ON, 

42
00:04:12,229 --> 00:04:12,963
RESILIENCE IS A KEY UNDERLYING 

43
00:04:12,963 --> 00:04:18,669
CHARACTER CAN -- CHARACTERISTIC 

44
00:04:18,669 --> 00:04:20,237
THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN THE 

45
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WAY INDIVIDUALS HEALTH 

46
00:04:22,506 --> 00:04:23,607
TRAJECTORY PROGRESSES ACROSS THE

47
00:04:23,607 --> 00:04:25,042
LIFE SPAN.

48
00:04:25,042 --> 00:04:26,176
AND OF COURSE WHEN WE'RE 

49
00:04:26,176 --> 00:04:28,912
THINKING ABOUT THE LIFE SPAN, 

50
00:04:28,912 --> 00:04:30,581
RESILIENCE IS A CRITICAL 

51
00:04:30,581 --> 00:04:32,449
COMPONENT OF THE TRAJECTORIES OF

52
00:04:32,449 --> 00:04:33,884
HEALTH AND DISEASE ACROSS THE 

53
00:04:33,884 --> 00:04:34,385
LIFE SPAN FOR DIFFERENT 

54
00:04:34,385 --> 00:04:38,989
INDIVIDUALS.

55
00:04:38,989 --> 00:04:41,759
ONE OF OUR OTHER IMPORTANT 

56
00:04:41,759 --> 00:04:43,293
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IS TO 

57
00:04:43,293 --> 00:04:44,695
ADDRESS SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 

58
00:04:44,695 --> 00:04:46,663
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND HEALTH

59
00:04:46,663 --> 00:04:49,199
INEQUITIES AND AGAIN RESILIENCE 

60
00:04:49,199 --> 00:04:54,304
PLAYS A MITIGATING FACTOR IN THE

61
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IMPACT OF SOCIAL DETERMINATES ON

62
00:04:56,607 --> 00:04:57,174
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH.

63
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SO WHEREVER WE LOOK IN OUR 

64
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MISSION, WE SEE RESILIENCE AS A 

65
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MAJOR ISSUE FOR US TO UNDERSTAND

66
00:05:04,515 --> 00:05:05,616
BETTER AND LEVERAGE TO IMPROVE 

67
00:05:05,616 --> 00:05:08,419
HEALTH OF THE POPULATION.

68
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SO I HOPE I SHARED WITH YOU THE 

69
00:05:11,555 --> 00:05:15,125
IMPORTANCE THAT WE AT THE 

70
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INSTITUTE DO THIS TOPIC.

71
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SO THEN WHAT WOULD BE THE 

72
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OUTCOME OF A WORKSHOP LIKE THIS 

73
00:05:19,963 --> 00:05:22,199
ON AN IMPORTANT TOPIC?

74
00:05:22,199 --> 00:05:24,468
WELL, WE ANTICIPATE SEVERAL 

75
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OUTCOMES.

76
00:05:24,768 --> 00:05:28,772
THE FIRST AND PERHAPS MOST 

77
00:05:28,772 --> 00:05:30,340
IMPORTANT IS THAT AFTER THE 

78
00:05:30,340 --> 00:05:34,011
WORKSHOP YOU ALL GO BACK TO YOUR

79
00:05:34,011 --> 00:05:36,046
WORK INVIGORATING TO PURSUE THIS

80
00:05:36,046 --> 00:05:39,983
LINE OF INQUIRY AND SEND US YOUR

81
00:05:39,983 --> 00:05:41,685
BEST IDEAS FOR SUBSEQUENT 

82
00:05:41,685 --> 00:05:42,119
RESEARCH PROJECTS.

83
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THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE 

84
00:05:45,155 --> 00:05:49,226
RESOURCES THAT NHLBI AND REALLY 

85
00:05:49,226 --> 00:05:52,095
ALL OF NIH INVEST IN RESEARCH 

86
00:05:52,095 --> 00:05:53,897
GOES TO INVESTIGATOR INITIATED 

87
00:05:53,897 --> 00:05:54,364
DISCOVERY SCIENCE.

88
00:05:54,364 --> 00:05:57,067
SO WE HOPE YOU'LL GO HOME AND 

89
00:05:57,067 --> 00:05:58,335
WRITE WONDERFUL APPLICATIONS 

90
00:05:58,335 --> 00:06:01,738
THAT GET GREAT PEER REVIEW AND 

91
00:06:01,738 --> 00:06:02,306
WE'RE ABLE TO SUPPORT MORE 

92
00:06:02,306 --> 00:06:05,576
RESEARCH IN THIS SPACE.

93
00:06:05,576 --> 00:06:07,211
OF COURSE THERE WILL BE REPORTS 

94
00:06:07,211 --> 00:06:08,145
FROM THIS WORKSHOP.

95
00:06:08,145 --> 00:06:13,550
WE'LL PUT AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

96
00:06:13,550 --> 00:06:21,758
ON OUR WEBSITE WE WANT THAT 

97
00:06:21,758 --> 00:06:24,094
WITHIN A COUPLE WEEKS MO NO MORE

98
00:06:24,094 --> 00:06:27,164
THAN A MONTH SO IT COULD BE 

99
00:06:27,164 --> 00:06:28,465
SHARED WITH THE BIOMEDICAL 

100
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COMMUNITY RAPIDLY.

101
00:06:28,866 --> 00:06:31,335
YOU MAY DECIDE YOU WANT TO WRITE

102
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A WHITE PAPER FOR PUBLICATION 

103
00:06:32,836 --> 00:06:35,305
AND PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL.

104
00:06:35,305 --> 00:06:37,040
IF YOU DECIDE TO DO THAT, WE'LL 

105
00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:38,475
SUPPORT THAT EFFORT AND WOULD 

106
00:06:38,475 --> 00:06:41,745
AGAIN ENCOURAGE THE GROUP TO BE 

107
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TIMELY IN GETTING THE MATERIAL 

108
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OUT TO THE PUBLIC AND THE 

109
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BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY SO

110
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PEOPLE CAN BENEFIT FROM THE 

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WONDERFUL THINK THAT'S GOING TO 

112
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BE SHARED IN THE NEXT HOURS AND 

113
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DAYS.

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THEN FINALLY THE RECOMMENDATIONS

115
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FOR YOUR OPPORTUNITIES TO INFORM

116
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THE OPPORTUNITIES WE SUPPORT.

117
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WE'LL DO THAT IN A COUPLE WAYS.

118
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FIRST, WHILE WE USE MOST OUR 

119
00:07:21,852 --> 00:07:24,788
FUNDS FOR INVESTIGATOR INITIATED

120
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RESEARCH, WE RESERVE A SMALL POT

121
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OF FUNDS FOR WHAT WE CALL OUR 

122
00:07:27,524 --> 00:07:28,792
SELECT PAY PROCESS.

123
00:07:28,792 --> 00:07:30,627
SO APPLICATIONS THAT DON'T QUITE

124
00:07:30,627 --> 00:07:33,764
GET UNDER THE PAY LINE BUT ARE 

125
00:07:33,764 --> 00:07:35,365
STRATEGICALLY ALIGNED WITH 

126
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IMPORTANT AREAS FOR THE 

127
00:07:36,633 --> 00:07:38,769
INSTITUTE CAN BE FUNDED AS 

128
00:07:38,769 --> 00:07:42,706
SELECT PAY APPLICATIONS.

129
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AND WE USE THE OPPORTUNITIES 

130
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THAT ARE IDENTIFIED IN THE 

131
00:07:48,011 --> 00:07:48,745
STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES IN THE 

132
00:07:48,745 --> 00:07:50,280
WORKSHOP LIKE THIS ONE TO HELP 

133
00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:51,848
GUIDE OUR SELECT PAY PROCESS 

134
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WHEN THOSE OPPORTUNITIES ARE 

135
00:07:52,516 --> 00:07:55,652
AVAILABLE.

136
00:07:55,652 --> 00:07:57,955
SOMETIMES WE WRITE A NOTICE OF 

137
00:07:57,955 --> 00:07:59,356
FUNDING OPPORTUNITY THAT'S BASED

138
00:07:59,356 --> 00:08:01,224
ON THE INPUT WE GET FROM 

139
00:08:01,224 --> 00:08:01,491
WORKSHOP.

140
00:08:01,491 --> 00:08:03,460
WE DON'T DO THAT FOR EVERY 

141
00:08:03,460 --> 00:08:03,760
WORKSHOP.

142
00:08:03,760 --> 00:08:05,929
WE CAN'T DO THAT FOR EVERY 

143
00:08:05,929 --> 00:08:07,331
WORKSHOP BECAUSE AS I MENTIONED 

144
00:08:07,331 --> 00:08:10,734
BEFORE, MOST OF OUR RESOURCES GO

145
00:08:10,734 --> 00:08:13,770
TO INVESTIGATOR INITIATED 

146
00:08:13,770 --> 00:08:16,506
PROJECTS BUT WHEN THE 

147
00:08:16,506 --> 00:08:19,676
OPPORTUNITIES ARE COMPELLING AND

148
00:08:19,676 --> 00:08:21,411
THE NEED FOR INSTITUTE 

149
00:08:21,411 --> 00:08:23,580
INVESTMENT IS CLEAR, WE DO PUT 

150
00:08:23,580 --> 00:08:25,949
OUT FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES AND 

151
00:08:25,949 --> 00:08:29,086
THAT'S A POSSIBILITY.

152
00:08:29,086 --> 00:08:30,487
CERTAINLY CAN'T COMMIT TO THAT 

153
00:08:30,487 --> 00:08:31,555
TODAY BUT ONE OF THE THINGS 

154
00:08:31,555 --> 00:08:32,923
WE'LL BE THINKING ABOUT 

155
00:08:32,923 --> 00:08:35,092
SERIOUSLY WHEN WE SEE THE 

156
00:08:35,092 --> 00:08:36,760
OPPORTUNITIES THAT YOU IDENTIFY.

157
00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,497
SO THIS WORKSHOP'S REALLY 

158
00:08:40,497 --> 00:08:42,466
IMPORTANT TO US AND THE SCIENCE 

159
00:08:42,466 --> 00:08:45,602
UND

160
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UNDERLIES OUR ENTIRE MISSION AND

161
00:08:46,503 --> 00:08:48,405
WANT IT CLOSE WHERE I STARTED IN

162
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THANK YOU FOR COMMITTING YOUR 

163
00:08:51,842 --> 00:08:55,512
TIME AND EFFORT TO THIS AREA AS 

164
00:08:55,512 --> 00:08:56,947
PART NEUTRAL ZONE IN THIS 

165
00:08:56,947 --> 00:08:57,614
JOURNEY TO UNDERSTAND RESILIENCE

166
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BETTER TO LEVERAGE IT TO IMPROVE

167
00:09:00,217 --> 00:09:07,491
HEALTH FOR ALL.

168
00:09:07,491 --> 00:09:08,892
THANK YOU VERY MUCH, BACK TO 

169
00:09:08,892 --> 00:09:09,192
YOU.

170
00:09:09,192 --> 00:09:13,030
>> THANK YOU, DR. GOFF.

171
00:09:13,030 --> 00:09:16,466
NEXT IS DR. GALIS THE CHIEF OF 

172
00:09:16,466 --> 00:09:18,568
VASCULAR BIOLOGY IN THE 

173
00:09:18,568 --> 00:09:19,169
HYPERTENSION BRANCH OF THE 

174
00:09:19,169 --> 00:09:21,772
DIVISION OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

175
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SUNSUNS 

176
00:09:25,742 --> 00:09:29,746
S  -- SCIENCES OF THE NHLBI AND 

177
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FACILITATED RESEARCH FROM BASIC 

178
00:09:31,515 --> 00:09:33,650
RESEARCH TO CLINICAL TRIALS 

179
00:09:33,650 --> 00:09:34,518
INCLUDING TECHNOLOGY V AND THE 

180
00:09:34,518 --> 00:09:36,353
TRANSLATION.

181
00:09:36,353 --> 00:09:39,623
SHE PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE 

182
00:09:39,623 --> 00:09:41,825
TRANS-NIH RESILIENCE WORKING 

183
00:09:41,825 --> 00:09:44,161
GROUP AND WILL PROVIDE ALL OF 

184
00:09:44,161 --> 00:09:47,030
YOU OF THE TRANS-NIH RESILIENCE 

185
00:09:47,030 --> 00:09:49,766
PROGRAM.

186
00:09:49,766 --> 00:10:00,110
WELCOME, DR. GALIS.

187
00:10:04,147 --> 00:10:08,185
>> THANK YOU, DR. GAO.

188
00:10:08,185 --> 00:10:14,758
I WANT TO ECHO DR. GAO'S THANKS 

189
00:10:14,758 --> 00:10:16,226
TO THE ORGANIZERS.

190
00:10:16,226 --> 00:10:17,627
THE RESILIENCE WORKING GROUP 

191
00:10:17,627 --> 00:10:22,866
WHICH I CO-CHAIR AND THE SLEEP 

192
00:10:22,866 --> 00:10:25,402
INTEREST GROUP.

193
00:10:25,402 --> 00:10:28,505
I AM ALSO VERY HONORED BY THE 

194
00:10:28,505 --> 00:10:29,773
DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS AND 

195
00:10:29,773 --> 00:10:31,408
CHAIRS WHO ARE GOING TO SHARE 

196
00:10:31,408 --> 00:10:33,677
THEIR INSIGHTS AND I WANTED TO 

197
00:10:33,677 --> 00:10:35,245
THANK EVERYONE FOR SPENDING 

198
00:10:35,245 --> 00:10:38,348
THEIR TIME WITH US SO DR. GAO 

199
00:10:38,348 --> 00:10:39,483
NOTICED THE RECORDING WILL BE 

200
00:10:39,483 --> 00:10:42,252
AVAILABLE AFTER THE WORKSHOP SO 

201
00:10:42,252 --> 00:10:43,887
FEEL FREE TO SPREAD THE WORD AND

202
00:10:43,887 --> 00:10:44,588
LISTEN TO PRESENTATIONS THAT YOU

203
00:10:44,588 --> 00:10:49,159
MAY MISS.

204
00:10:49,159 --> 00:10:54,898
MY DUTY TODAY AND HONOR IS TO 

205
00:10:54,898 --> 00:10:57,134
SPEAK ON BEHALF OF THE TRANS-NIH

206
00:10:57,134 --> 00:10:58,268
WORK GROUP AND OUR INSTITUTE 

207
00:10:58,268 --> 00:10:59,402
BECAME ONE OF THE FOUNDING 

208
00:10:59,402 --> 00:11:00,537
MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP, THERE ARE

209
00:11:00,537 --> 00:11:01,571
MANY INSTITUTES ACROSS THE NIH 

210
00:11:01,571 --> 00:11:05,942
AND YOU SEE THEM LISTED HERE.

211
00:11:05,942 --> 00:11:09,346
THEY ARE COMING TOGETHER IN A 

212
00:11:09,346 --> 00:11:10,514
TRANS-NIH RESILIENCE WORKING 

213
00:11:10,514 --> 00:11:14,718
GROUP AND A WANT TO GIVE A 

214
00:11:14,718 --> 00:11:16,520
SPECIAL SHOUT OUT TO DR. LA 

215
00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:18,889
VERNE BROWN THE CHAIR OF OUR 

216
00:11:18,889 --> 00:11:20,891
TRANS-NIH WORKING GROUP FOR HER 

217
00:11:20,891 --> 00:11:22,492
LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATING ON 

218
00:11:22,492 --> 00:11:25,128
THE SLIDES I'M GOING TO SHOW 

219
00:11:25,128 --> 00:11:25,996
YOU.

220
00:11:25,996 --> 00:11:28,965
I WANTED TO BRIEFLY SAY WHAT WE 

221
00:11:28,965 --> 00:11:30,867
THINK ABOUT RESILIENCE ACROSS 

222
00:11:30,867 --> 00:11:33,770
THE NIH.

223
00:11:33,770 --> 00:11:39,776
NEXT SLIDE.

224
00:11:39,776 --> 00:11:42,512
THE TITLE IS A LITTLE BIT OFF SO

225
00:11:42,512 --> 00:11:44,381
ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS THAT WE 

226
00:11:44,381 --> 00:11:51,221
DID AND THIS WAS A MEETING JUST 

227
00:11:51,221 --> 00:11:53,323
BEFORE SHUTTING DOWN FOR COVID 

228
00:11:53,323 --> 00:11:55,325
WAS COME TOGETHER FOR A COMMON 

229
00:11:55,325 --> 00:11:56,293
INFORMATION OF RESILIENCE.

230
00:11:56,293 --> 00:11:59,596
IT'S OF NO SURPRISE TO THIS 

231
00:11:59,596 --> 00:12:04,734
AUDIENCE THAT RESILIENCE HAS SO 

232
00:12:04,734 --> 00:12:06,403
MANY DIFFERENT LEVELS AND 

233
00:12:06,403 --> 00:12:08,538
PERSPECTIVES WE WANT TO MAKE 

234
00:12:08,538 --> 00:12:09,706
SURE THAT WE'RE ALL SPEAKING 

235
00:12:09,706 --> 00:12:11,341
ABOUT THE SAME THING.

236
00:12:11,341 --> 00:12:13,643
SO ONE THING THAT CAN HELP US IS

237
00:12:13,643 --> 00:12:14,477
TO DEFINE CRITERIA.

238
00:12:14,477 --> 00:12:20,450
SO THE IDEA IS THAT OUR 

239
00:12:20,450 --> 00:12:24,988
DEFINITION HAS TO ENCOMPASS ALL 

240
00:12:24,988 --> 00:12:26,156
THE HEALTH AND DISEASE OUTCOMES.

241
00:12:26,156 --> 00:12:30,460
ALL THE TYPES OF CHALLENGES THAT

242
00:12:30,460 --> 00:12:34,397
WE ARE POTENTIALLY SUBMITTED TO 

243
00:12:34,397 --> 00:12:36,566
AND ALL THE PROCESSES THAT ARE 

244
00:12:36,566 --> 00:12:37,133
INVOLVED IN THE RESPONSE TO 

245
00:12:37,133 --> 00:12:43,773
THESE CHALLENGES.

246
00:12:43,773 --> 00:12:46,676
IT HAS TO BE APPLICABLE TO FROM 

247
00:12:46,676 --> 00:12:48,511
THE CELLULAR LEVEL TO THE 

248
00:12:48,511 --> 00:12:49,946
POPULATION AND PLANETARY HEALTH 

249
00:12:49,946 --> 00:12:53,717
AND OBVIOUSLY HAS TO ALIGN WITH 

250
00:12:53,717 --> 00:12:56,253
OUR MISSION TO TURN DISCOVERY 

251
00:12:56,253 --> 00:12:57,454
INTO HEALTH AND TAKE INTO 

252
00:12:57,454 --> 00:12:59,322
CONSULT CAN EVERYTHING WE 

253
00:12:59,322 --> 00:12:59,823
ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THE 

254
00:12:59,823 --> 00:13:09,399
RESILIENCE.

255
00:13:09,399 --> 00:13:11,501
SO THE NEXT TASK WAS TO COME UP 

256
00:13:11,501 --> 00:13:14,638
ONE A WORKING DEFINITION AND 

257
00:13:14,638 --> 00:13:18,842
WHILE THIS MAY VERY SLIGHTLY 

258
00:13:18,842 --> 00:13:21,044
BASED ON PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE, 

259
00:13:21,044 --> 00:13:22,512
WE BELIEVE THIS SHOULD REFLECT 

260
00:13:22,512 --> 00:13:26,316
THE SYSTEM'S CAPACITY TO RESIST,

261
00:13:26,316 --> 00:13:33,757
RECOVER OR EVEN GROWTH OR ADAPT 

262
00:13:33,757 --> 00:13:43,233
TO CHALLENGE AND THE FACT THE 

263
00:13:43,233 --> 00:13:44,134
CHALLENGE COULD BE A DIFFERENT 

264
00:13:44,134 --> 00:13:46,503
TYPES OR MAGNITUDES OF DURATION.

265
00:13:46,503 --> 00:13:48,805
THE SYSTEM GOES ACROSS SCALES 

266
00:13:48,805 --> 00:13:52,042
FROM MOLECULES TO ENVIRONMENT.

267
00:13:52,042 --> 00:13:54,344
AND THE RESPONSE CAN BE 

268
00:13:54,344 --> 00:13:57,013
REFLECTIVE OF RESILIENCE WHEN 

269
00:13:57,013 --> 00:14:00,016
THE SYSTEMS ADAPT OR EVEN GROW 

270
00:14:00,016 --> 00:14:02,619
AS A RESPONSE TO CHALLENGE OR 

271
00:14:02,619 --> 00:14:05,288
REFLECTS LACK OF RESILIENCE WHEN

272
00:14:05,288 --> 00:14:08,558
THERE IS MALADAPTATION OR EVEN 

273
00:14:08,558 --> 00:14:08,825
COLLAPSE.

274
00:14:08,825 --> 00:14:13,563
WE ALSO HAVE A USEFUL TOOL WE 

275
00:14:13,563 --> 00:14:15,699
THINK TO USE INTERNALLY TO 

276
00:14:15,699 --> 00:14:18,368
ASSESS WHETHER SOME AWARDS WE'RE

277
00:14:18,368 --> 00:14:21,104
ALREADY FUNDING ARE 

278
00:14:21,104 --> 00:14:22,072
INVESTIGATING THE SIGNS OF 

279
00:14:22,072 --> 00:14:23,473
RESILIENCE BUT PEOPLE FROM 

280
00:14:23,473 --> 00:14:25,508
OUTSIDE CAN ALSO TEST THEIR 

281
00:14:25,508 --> 00:14:28,178
PROPOSAL WHETHER THEY WOULD FALL

282
00:14:28,178 --> 00:14:31,648
WITHIN THE SIEFDZ RESILIENCE.

283
00:14:31,648 --> 00:14:33,049
SO IN ORDER TO ACCESS THE 

284
00:14:33,049 --> 00:14:34,851
RESOURCES YOU CAN GO TO THE 

285
00:14:34,851 --> 00:14:37,020
TRANS-NIH WORKING GROUP WEBSITE 

286
00:14:37,020 --> 00:14:39,723
WHICH YOU CAN FIND BY GOOGLING, 

287
00:14:39,723 --> 00:14:41,858
MY FAVORITE WAY TO FIND THINGS, 

288
00:14:41,858 --> 00:14:43,393
OR YOU COULD READ IN MORE DETAIL

289
00:14:43,393 --> 00:14:47,130
IN A COUPLE APPLICATIONS THAT WE

290
00:14:47,130 --> 00:14:52,502
PUT TOGETHER AS PART OF A 

291
00:14:52,502 --> 00:15:02,912
SPECIAL ISSUES AND THIS 

292
00:15:08,051 --> 00:15:11,254
OPERATIONAL TOOL INCLUDES A LOT 

293
00:15:11,254 --> 00:15:13,256
OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH 

294
00:15:13,256 --> 00:15:15,692
THAT IS RELATED TO RESILIENCE 

295
00:15:15,692 --> 00:15:21,965
FROM THE SPIRITUAL TO THE 

296
00:15:21,965 --> 00:15:25,502
PHYSIOLOGIC TO THE SLEEP HEALTH 

297
00:15:25,502 --> 00:15:28,471
ACTIVITY WITH STRESS ON 

298
00:15:28,471 --> 00:15:29,639
PERSONNEL AND INTEGRITY OF OUR 

299
00:15:29,639 --> 00:15:31,341
HEALTH AND SO FORTH.

300
00:15:31,341 --> 00:15:34,511
SO THIS AGAIN CAN BE FOUND 

301
00:15:34,511 --> 00:15:37,313
EASILY ON OUR WEBSITE OR BY 

302
00:15:37,313 --> 00:15:39,582
SEARCHING FOR STRESS AND HEALTH 

303
00:15:39,582 --> 00:15:46,389
SPECIAL ISSUE ON RESILIENCE NIH.

304
00:15:46,389 --> 00:15:51,194
IT LOOKS LIKE ALL MY SLIDES HAVE

305
00:15:51,194 --> 00:15:55,198
BEEN REFORMATTED VERY NARROW.

306
00:15:55,198 --> 00:15:56,933
WE HAVE A VARIETY OF TOOLS THAT 

307
00:15:56,933 --> 00:15:59,903
ARE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC WE HAVE 

308
00:15:59,903 --> 00:16:05,775
PUBLIC WEBINARS THAT CAN AGAIN 

309
00:16:05,775 --> 00:16:08,044
BE FOUND EVEN AFTER THEY ARE 

310
00:16:08,044 --> 00:16:09,879
HAPPENING ON THE NIH VIDEOCAST.

311
00:16:09,879 --> 00:16:11,147
ONE IMPORTANT WORKSHOP THAT IS 

312
00:16:11,147 --> 00:16:14,017
COMING UP IS A WORKSHOP ON 

313
00:16:14,017 --> 00:16:15,385
MEASURES AND METRICS OF 

314
00:16:15,385 --> 00:16:15,685
RESILIENCE.

315
00:16:15,685 --> 00:16:17,554
WE THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO 

316
00:16:17,554 --> 00:16:21,124
DISCUSS TO HAVE A CRITICAL 

317
00:16:21,124 --> 00:16:22,826
EVALUATION OF THE MEASURES OF 

318
00:16:22,826 --> 00:16:25,195
RESILIENCE AND IDENTIFY THE BEST

319
00:16:25,195 --> 00:16:27,097
PRACTICES THAT CAN HELP US 

320
00:16:27,097 --> 00:16:30,066
ADVANCE THE STUDY OF RESILIENCE 

321
00:16:30,066 --> 00:16:35,171
SO THE DATES ARE 24 TO 25 AND 

322
00:16:35,171 --> 00:16:37,240
THE DETAILS OF THE AGENDA AND SO

323
00:16:37,240 --> 00:16:38,875
FORTH WILL BE POSTED ON THE 

324
00:16:38,875 --> 00:16:39,476
TRANS-NIH RESILIENCE WORKING 

325
00:16:39,476 --> 00:16:46,416
GROUP.

326
00:16:46,416 --> 00:16:47,383
ALSO OF POTENTIAL INTEREST TO 

327
00:16:47,383 --> 00:16:52,555
THE OUTSIDE IS THE NEW 

328
00:16:52,555 --> 00:16:54,991
RESILIENCE RESEARCH INTEREST -- 

329
00:16:54,991 --> 00:16:57,060
SCIENTIFIC INTEREST GROUP OPENED

330
00:16:57,060 --> 00:17:02,098
TO OUTSIDE BY INVITATION YOU 

331
00:17:02,098 --> 00:17:05,201
HAVE TO EXPRESS THE REQUEST BY 

332
00:17:05,201 --> 00:17:06,870
RIGHTING TO LAVERN BROWN AND 

333
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:11,975
HAVE INTERACTIONS WITH THEM AND 

334
00:17:11,975 --> 00:17:21,284
OUTSIDE NIH AND SHARE DATA AND 

335
00:17:21,284 --> 00:17:24,220
RESOURCES AND POTENTIALLY LINK 

336
00:17:24,220 --> 00:17:25,955
THE LONGITUDINAL DATA ON HEALTHY

337
00:17:25,955 --> 00:17:28,925
INDIVIDUAL TO TRIAL DATA.

338
00:17:28,925 --> 00:17:33,763
AGAIN, YOU CAN WRITE TO 

339
00:17:33,763 --> 00:17:36,900
DR. LAVERNE BROWN EVERYBODY IS 

340
00:17:36,900 --> 00:17:40,003
FULL NAME AT NIH.gov AND WE'LL 

341
00:17:40,003 --> 00:17:47,977
ALSO SHARE THESE IN THE CHAT.

342
00:17:47,977 --> 00:17:49,479
HERE'S OUR OPEN INVITATION TO 

343
00:17:49,479 --> 00:17:52,849
JOIN OUR OPEN WEBINARS AND JOIN 

344
00:17:52,849 --> 00:17:55,385
THE SCIENTIFIC INTEREST GROUP 

345
00:17:55,385 --> 00:17:58,555
AND TO JOIN THE FUTURE WORKSHOP 

346
00:17:58,555 --> 00:17:59,956
THAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN SEPTEMBER

347
00:17:59,956 --> 00:18:05,328
24 AND 25.

348
00:18:05,328 --> 00:18:08,765
WE'LL BE HAPPY TO TAKE ANY 

349
00:18:08,765 --> 00:18:11,267
QUESTIONS YOU HAVE BY CHAT.

350
00:18:11,267 --> 00:18:12,001
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

351
00:18:12,001 --> 00:18:14,437
>> THANK YOU, DR. GALIS.

352
00:18:14,437 --> 00:18:16,306
I'LL LET THE OTHER WORKSHOP 

353
00:18:16,306 --> 00:18:18,741
ORGANIZE ERS TO INTRODUCE 

354
00:18:18,741 --> 00:18:20,276
DR. BROWN.

355
00:18:20,276 --> 00:18:22,812
>> THANK YOU, DR. GAO.

356
00:18:22,812 --> 00:18:27,650
IT'S GREAT HONOR TO INTRODUCE 

357
00:18:27,650 --> 00:18:29,686
DR. MARISHKA BROWN ON SLEEP 

358
00:18:29,686 --> 00:18:33,489
DISORDERS RESEARCH LEADING THE 

359
00:18:33,489 --> 00:18:35,325
SCIENCE FOR INNOVATIVE DISCOVERY

360
00:18:35,325 --> 00:18:36,659
TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND 

361
00:18:36,659 --> 00:18:40,296
PARTNERSHIP BUILDING HAS HELPED 

362
00:18:40,296 --> 00:18:41,731
SUSTAIN A ROBUST NETWORK 

363
00:18:41,731 --> 00:18:44,167
BRINGING THE BENEFITS OF THE NIH

364
00:18:44,167 --> 00:18:44,867
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INTO 

365
00:18:44,867 --> 00:18:46,869
MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH.

366
00:18:46,869 --> 00:18:48,738
DR. BROWN WILL HIGHLIGHT THE 

367
00:18:48,738 --> 00:18:51,040
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 

368
00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:53,409
ACROSS NIH AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS

369
00:18:53,409 --> 00:18:55,712
TO UNDERSTANDING HOW TARGETING 

370
00:18:55,712 --> 00:18:58,815
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS MAY 

371
00:18:58,815 --> 00:19:00,350
STRENGTHEN THE CARDIOVASCULAR 

372
00:19:00,350 --> 00:19:01,084
SYSTEM.

373
00:19:01,084 --> 00:19:02,085
WELCOME, DR. BROWN.

374
00:19:02,085 --> 00:19:04,053
>> I'LL BE QUICK WITH MY
REMARKS

375
00:19:04,053 --> 00:19:06,189
BECAUSE WE KNOW TIME IS A FACTOR

376
00:19:06,189 --> 00:19:07,223
IN THIS AND WE'RE ALREADY 

377
00:19:07,223 --> 00:19:10,860
GETTING CLES TO THE START OF THE

378
00:19:10,860 --> 00:19:12,595
FIRST SET SO AGAIN WELCOME, 

379
00:19:12,595 --> 00:19:14,197
EVERYONE TO THE WORKSHOP.

380
00:19:14,197 --> 00:19:16,432
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND 

381
00:19:16,432 --> 00:19:17,000
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

382
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,436
OVER THE NEXT TWO DAYS, THIS 

383
00:19:20,436 --> 00:19:21,738
WORKSHOP WILL EXAMINE THE 

384
00:19:21,738 --> 00:19:23,306
POTENTIAL SYNERGIES AND 

385
00:19:23,306 --> 00:19:24,707
BI-DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 

386
00:19:24,707 --> 00:19:27,977
BETWEEN SLEEP, CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

387
00:19:27,977 --> 00:19:28,945
AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

388
00:19:28,945 --> 00:19:30,513
A TERM WE HOPE THIS WORKSHOP 

389
00:19:30,513 --> 00:19:34,384
WILL ASSIST IN HELPING DEFINE.

390
00:19:34,384 --> 00:19:37,086
WE REALIZE THE REASON WE HAVE 

391
00:19:37,086 --> 00:19:38,221
THESE WORKSHOPS IS THAT THERE'S 

392
00:19:38,221 --> 00:19:42,892
AN AREA THAT WE SEE A POTENTIAL 

393
00:19:42,892 --> 00:19:43,793
GAP IN THE PORTFOLIO IN THE 

394
00:19:43,793 --> 00:19:45,028
RESEARCH WE'D LIKE TO HAVE 

395
00:19:45,028 --> 00:19:46,029
STIMULATE.

396
00:19:46,029 --> 00:19:47,196
WE HOPE THE CONVERSATION WILL 

397
00:19:47,196 --> 00:19:47,864
POINT TO THOSE DIRECTIONS FOR 

398
00:19:47,864 --> 00:19:55,104
US.

399
00:19:55,104 --> 00:19:57,974
THE INFLUENCE ON THE SPECTRUM OF

400
00:19:57,974 --> 00:20:00,109
CHRONIC CONDITIONS BOTH CAN BE 

401
00:20:00,109 --> 00:20:02,545
TARGETED TO ENHANCE THE BODY'S 

402
00:20:02,545 --> 00:20:07,517
ABILITY TO RESIST, ADAPT AND 

403
00:20:07,517 --> 00:20:08,785
GROW FROM CARDIOVASCULAR 

404
00:20:08,785 --> 00:20:09,052
DISORDERS.

405
00:20:09,052 --> 00:20:13,623
THE OVER ARCHING GOAL OF THE 

406
00:20:13,623 --> 00:20:15,325
WORKSHOP IS TO DELINEATE THE 

407
00:20:15,325 --> 00:20:17,160
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

408
00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:19,629
RESILIENCE AND IDENTIFY THE 

409
00:20:19,629 --> 00:20:20,730
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND 

410
00:20:20,730 --> 00:20:22,598
UNDERPINNING OF THE 

411
00:20:22,598 --> 00:20:24,267
RELATIONSHIPS AND PROMOTE 

412
00:20:24,267 --> 00:20:25,168
STRATEGY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

413
00:20:25,168 --> 00:20:27,170
RESILIENCE BY OPTIMIZING SLEEP 

414
00:20:27,170 --> 00:20:28,971
AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN GENERAL

415
00:20:28,971 --> 00:20:30,707
AT CRITICAL POINTS THROUGHOUT 

416
00:20:30,707 --> 00:20:35,478
THE LIFE SPAN WITH THE RISK IN 

417
00:20:35,478 --> 00:20:35,978
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

418
00:20:35,978 --> 00:20:36,679
PARTICULARLY INCREASED.

419
00:20:36,679 --> 00:20:38,648
IF YOU WANT TO KNOW OF THE 

420
00:20:38,648 --> 00:20:39,949
ACTIVITIES AND ACTIONS AND 

421
00:20:39,949 --> 00:20:40,950
RESEARCH DIRECTION FOR THE 

422
00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:43,753
NATIONAL CENTER ON SLEEP 

423
00:20:43,753 --> 00:20:44,520
DISORDERS RESEARCH AS WELL AS 

424
00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:46,356
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RESEARCH 

425
00:20:46,356 --> 00:20:49,759
ACROSS NIH WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO 

426
00:20:49,759 --> 00:20:52,562
CHECK OUT OUR SLEEP RESEARCH 

427
00:20:52,562 --> 00:20:56,866
PLAN THAT IS EASILY GOOGLEABLE 

428
00:20:56,866 --> 00:20:59,235
AND WITH THAT I'LL STOP TO BE 

429
00:20:59,235 --> 00:21:00,403
COGNIZANT OF THE TIME TO MOVE 

430
00:21:00,403 --> 00:21:00,937
FORWARD WITH THE WORKSHOP.

431
00:21:00,937 --> 00:21:02,238
THANK YOU.

432
00:21:02,238 --> 00:21:03,806
>> THANK YOU, DR. BROWN.

433
00:21:03,806 --> 00:21:06,075
I'LL TURN IT BACK OVER TO 

434
00:21:06,075 --> 00:21:09,746
DR. GAO TO INTRODUCE OUR FIRST 

435
00:21:09,746 --> 00:21:12,348
CO-CHAIR.

436
00:21:12,348 --> 00:21:14,917
IT'S MY HONOR TO INTRODUCE 

437
00:21:14,917 --> 00:21:16,185
DR. LLOYD JONES.

438
00:21:16,185 --> 00:21:21,758
HE HOLDS NUMEROUS PRESTIGIOUS 

439
00:21:21,758 --> 00:21:23,326
ROLES ALLOW ME TO BRIEFLY 

440
00:21:23,326 --> 00:21:24,327
INTRODUCE HIM AS THE CHAIR AND 

441
00:21:24,327 --> 00:21:29,766
PROFESSOR OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

442
00:21:29,766 --> 00:21:31,968
AT PEDIATRICS AT NORTHWESTERN 

443
00:21:31,968 --> 00:21:32,402
UNIVERSITY.

444
00:21:32,402 --> 00:21:35,405
HE SERVED AS THE AMERICAN OF THE

445
00:21:35,405 --> 00:21:37,240
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION FROM 

446
00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:41,077
2021 TO 2022.

447
00:21:41,077 --> 00:21:42,945
HE FOCUSES ON THE LIFE COURSE 

448
00:21:42,945 --> 00:21:45,782
AND MECHANISMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR

449
00:21:45,782 --> 00:21:48,751
HEALTH, HEALTHY AGING AS WELL AS

450
00:21:48,751 --> 00:21:50,052
EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK ASSESSMENT 

451
00:21:50,052 --> 00:21:52,588
AND THE PREVENTION OF 

452
00:21:52,588 --> 00:21:57,126
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

453
00:21:57,126 --> 00:22:06,102
HE'LL LEAD US TO START SESSION 1

454
00:22:06,102 --> 00:22:10,106
THE INTERPLAY OF SLEEP, 

455
00:22:10,106 --> 00:22:10,907
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND 

456
00:22:10,907 --> 00:22:21,350
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

457
00:22:29,926 --> 00:22:30,426
>> THANK YOU.

458
00:22:30,426 --> 00:22:36,232
I THINK WE HAVE AN EXCITING 

459
00:22:36,232 --> 00:22:40,236
LINEUP AND AGENDA AND LOOK 

460
00:22:40,236 --> 00:22:41,137
FORWARD TO THE GREAT TALKS AND 

461
00:22:41,137 --> 00:22:44,207
LEAD US TO A BETTER PLACE IN 

462
00:22:44,207 --> 00:22:44,740
DEFINING CARDIOVASCULAR 

463
00:22:44,740 --> 00:22:47,477
RESILIENCE AND THE ROLE OF SLEEP

464
00:22:47,477 --> 00:22:48,778
AND IMPROVING CARDIOVASCULAR 

465
00:22:48,778 --> 00:22:49,078
RESILIENCE.

466
00:22:49,078 --> 00:22:53,449
I WANT TO ALSO THANK MY 

467
00:22:53,449 --> 00:22:55,318
CO-CHAIRS, WHO ARE MAJOR THOUGHT

468
00:22:55,318 --> 00:22:56,886
LEADERS IN THE AREAS OF SLEEP 

469
00:22:56,886 --> 00:22:58,321
AND CIRCADIAN SCIENCE AND LOOK 

470
00:22:58,321 --> 00:23:03,326
FORWARD TO HEARING FROM THEM 

471
00:23:03,326 --> 00:23:06,395
SOON AS WELL.

472
00:23:06,395 --> 00:23:08,564
I'LL DO BRIEF INTRODUCTIONS OF 

473
00:23:08,564 --> 00:23:09,499
OUR SPEAKERS BUT KEEP US MOSTLY 

474
00:23:09,499 --> 00:23:15,938
ON TIME.

475
00:23:15,938 --> 00:23:19,809
LOOKS LIKE MY SLIDES GOT SHRUNK 

476
00:23:19,809 --> 00:23:21,477
AS WELL AND TALK ABOUT 

477
00:23:21,477 --> 00:23:22,478
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

478
00:23:22,478 --> 00:23:23,179
SLEEP.

479
00:23:23,179 --> 00:23:25,748
I HAVE NO RELATIONSHIPS WITH 

480
00:23:25,748 --> 00:23:29,719
INDUSTRIES.

481
00:23:29,719 --> 00:23:32,154
I HOPE TO TALK ABOUT HOW WE 

482
00:23:32,154 --> 00:23:33,556
MIGHT THINK OF DEFINING 

483
00:23:33,556 --> 00:23:34,190
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

484
00:23:34,190 --> 00:23:35,992
HOW WE'VE DONE IT TO DATE AND 

485
00:23:35,992 --> 00:23:37,560
INTRODUCE A CONCEPT CALLED 

486
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:39,228
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH THAT MIGHT

487
00:23:39,228 --> 00:23:42,398
SERVE AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE 

488
00:23:42,398 --> 00:23:42,999
DEFINITION OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

489
00:23:42,999 --> 00:23:43,299
RESILIENCE.

490
00:23:43,299 --> 00:23:45,735
AND I'LL REVIEW SOME OF THE DATA

491
00:23:45,735 --> 00:23:48,037
THAT WE'VE GENERATED LOOKING AT 

492
00:23:48,037 --> 00:23:49,639
HOW CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ACROSS

493
00:23:49,639 --> 00:23:51,641
THE LIFE COURSE MIGHT BE 

494
00:23:51,641 --> 00:23:53,776
INTERPRETED AS A FORM OF 

495
00:23:53,776 --> 00:23:55,912
RESILIENCE AGAINST NOT ONLY 

496
00:23:55,912 --> 00:23:57,346
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BUT ALSO 

497
00:23:57,346 --> 00:23:59,448
OTHER MANY CHRONIC DISEASES OF 

498
00:23:59,448 --> 00:24:00,583
AGING.

499
00:24:00,583 --> 00:24:02,318
AND WE'LL EXPLORE SOME ASPECTS 

500
00:24:02,318 --> 00:24:03,452
OF CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND

501
00:24:03,452 --> 00:24:04,854
HOW SLEEP FITS IN THE CONSTRUCT 

502
00:24:04,854 --> 00:24:11,794
OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

503
00:24:11,794 --> 00:24:14,430
I THINK WHEN YOU DEFINE 

504
00:24:14,430 --> 00:24:16,399
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

505
00:24:16,399 --> 00:24:20,970
I'M A CARDIOLOGIST AND 

506
00:24:20,970 --> 00:24:21,938
CARDIOVASCULAR CARDIOLOGIST AND 

507
00:24:21,938 --> 00:24:27,777
WE'VE LOOKED AT RISK IN THE 

508
00:24:27,777 --> 00:24:29,445
POPULATION AND WE'VE PICKED OUT 

509
00:24:29,445 --> 00:24:33,015
THE PEOPLE AT THE TOP END OF 

510
00:24:33,015 --> 00:24:34,951
RISK AND I'M WORRIED THIS MAY 

511
00:24:34,951 --> 00:24:37,753
NOT BE MY MOST UP TO DATE SLIDE 

512
00:24:37,753 --> 00:24:41,290
DECK BUT ANYWAY WE OFTEN SEE 

513
00:24:41,290 --> 00:24:43,693
BEHAVIORS OR PHYSIOLOGIC FACTOR 

514
00:24:43,693 --> 00:24:45,861
OR SINGLE SEVERELY ADVERSE RISK 

515
00:24:45,861 --> 00:24:47,597
FACTORS IN THE UPPER END OF RISK

516
00:24:47,597 --> 00:24:50,199
DISTRIBUTION.

517
00:24:50,199 --> 00:24:56,238
BUT WHO ACTUALLY DON'T DEVELOP 

518
00:24:56,238 --> 00:24:56,973
CLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

519
00:24:56,973 --> 00:25:01,477
AND ALSO MAY APPEAR NOT TO HAVE 

520
00:25:01,477 --> 00:25:02,745
SUB CLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR 

521
00:25:02,745 --> 00:25:02,979
DISEASE.

522
00:25:02,979 --> 00:25:04,914
THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT THEM 

523
00:25:04,914 --> 00:25:08,284
THAT MAKES THEM RESISTANT TO THE

524
00:25:08,284 --> 00:25:10,152
ADVERSE EXPOSURES OR SEVERELY 

525
00:25:10,152 --> 00:25:10,987
ELEVATED RISK FACTORS.

526
00:25:10,987 --> 00:25:13,255
THE PROBLEMS WITH THIS KIND OF A

527
00:25:13,255 --> 00:25:14,924
DEFINITION I THINK ARE THE 

528
00:25:14,924 --> 00:25:17,994
BENEFIT IS THAT WHEN WE STUDY 

529
00:25:17,994 --> 00:25:23,499
OUTLIERS WE LEARN A LOT AND TEND

530
00:25:23,499 --> 00:25:24,767
TO BE INDIVIDUALS IN THE 

531
00:25:24,767 --> 00:25:25,267
POPULATION.

532
00:25:25,267 --> 00:25:31,874
THE PROBLEMS ARE SEVERAL.

533
00:25:31,874 --> 00:25:32,274
FIR

534
00:25:32,274 --> 00:25:34,310
FIRST, THIS IS A RETROSPECTIVE 

535
00:25:34,310 --> 00:25:35,011
DEFINITION.

536
00:25:35,011 --> 00:25:37,046
WE HAVE TO HAVE TIME GO BY FOR 

537
00:25:37,046 --> 00:25:38,180
PEOPLE NOT TO DEVELOP 

538
00:25:38,180 --> 00:25:40,883
CARDIOVASCULAR TODAY TO DEFINE 

539
00:25:40,883 --> 00:25:42,418
THEMSELVES AS RESILIENT.

540
00:25:42,418 --> 00:25:43,419
THAT'S LESS OPERATIONALLY 

541
00:25:43,419 --> 00:25:44,453
HELPFUL PARTICULARLY IF WE'RE 

542
00:25:44,453 --> 00:25:45,721
LOOKING AT A PATIENT OR PERSON 

543
00:25:45,721 --> 00:25:48,391
SITTING IN FRONT OF US TODAY.

544
00:25:48,391 --> 00:25:50,526
IF WE HAVE STRONG INTERMEDIATE 

545
00:25:50,526 --> 00:25:53,763
MARKERS THAT CAN INDICATE THAT 

546
00:25:53,763 --> 00:25:54,830
RESILIENCE THAT HELPS US BUT 

547
00:25:54,830 --> 00:25:57,066
OFTEN THAT REQUIRES NON-STANDARD

548
00:25:57,066 --> 00:25:59,935
CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS AND NOT 

549
00:25:59,935 --> 00:26:01,737
EASY IF WE HAVE TO DO SPECIAL 

550
00:26:01,737 --> 00:26:03,472
IMAGING OR TESTING OF BLOOD 

551
00:26:03,472 --> 00:26:08,944
BIOMARKERS OR OTHER THINGS.

552
00:26:08,944 --> 00:26:12,848
FINALLY, A DEFINITION LIKE THIS 

553
00:26:12,848 --> 00:26:14,016
RETROSPECTIVE IN ITS NATURE HAS 

554
00:26:14,016 --> 00:26:16,552
QUESTIONS IS WHAT WOULD WE DO 

555
00:26:16,552 --> 00:26:17,119
ABOUT IT?

556
00:26:17,119 --> 00:26:18,187
WHAT CAN WE DO TO IMPROVE 

557
00:26:18,187 --> 00:26:28,731
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE TODAY 

558
00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:32,935
I HOPE TO INTRODUCE YOU TO A 

559
00:26:32,935 --> 00:26:34,170
DEFINITION OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

560
00:26:34,170 --> 00:26:34,470
RESILIENCE.

561
00:26:34,470 --> 00:26:34,704
THIS FORMAL 

562
00:26:35,805 --> 00:26:39,008
MISSION WAS PROPOSED BY THE 

563
00:26:39,008 --> 00:26:40,009
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION IN 

564
00:26:40,009 --> 00:26:40,209
2010.

565
00:26:40,209 --> 00:26:43,846
I WAS PRIVILEGED TO LEAD A GROUP

566
00:26:43,846 --> 00:26:46,716
OF OUTSTANDING VOLUNTEERS AND 

567
00:26:46,716 --> 00:26:48,150
STAFF MEMBERS TO MAKE THOSE 

568
00:26:48,150 --> 00:26:51,821
WORDS COME ALIVE NOT JUST A TERM

569
00:26:51,821 --> 00:26:52,822
OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH BUT HOW

570
00:26:52,822 --> 00:26:54,390
CAN WE MEASURE THAT IN 

571
00:26:54,390 --> 00:26:55,424
INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS IN A

572
00:26:55,424 --> 00:27:03,499
WAY THAT WAS MEANINGFUL.

573
00:27:03,499 --> 00:27:07,069
SO AS WE THOUGHT HOW WE MIGHT 

574
00:27:07,069 --> 00:27:08,637
DEFINE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH WE 

575
00:27:08,637 --> 00:27:11,340
DEFINE HEALTH IS A BROADER 

576
00:27:11,340 --> 00:27:14,043
CONSTRUCT AND MORE POSITIVE THAN

577
00:27:14,043 --> 00:27:18,614
THE ABSENCE OF ANY DISEASE AND 

578
00:27:18,614 --> 00:27:20,983
AT THE NHLBI WE NEED EVIDENCE 

579
00:27:20,983 --> 00:27:24,120
BASE IT LOOK AT WHAT WAS LINKED 

580
00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:26,122
TO LONG-TERM HEALTH SURVIVAL AND

581
00:27:26,122 --> 00:27:27,723
LONGEVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE 

582
00:27:27,723 --> 00:27:28,324
AND IMPORTANT AS SPEBLTS OF 

583
00:27:28,324 --> 00:27:28,557
HEALTH.

584
00:27:28,557 --> 00:27:30,960
AND WE ALSO WANTED TO FRAME THIS

585
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:31,994
AS SOMETHING THAT COULD BE 

586
00:27:31,994 --> 00:27:34,230
MEASURED AND MONITORED TODAY NOT

587
00:27:34,230 --> 00:27:36,065
JUST IN TERMS OF FUTURE RISK.

588
00:27:36,065 --> 00:27:40,069
IT HAD TO BE SIMPLE, ACTIONABLE 

589
00:27:40,069 --> 00:27:41,403
FOR INDIVIDUALS AND PAYERS AND 

590
00:27:41,403 --> 00:27:44,473
PROVIDERS AND CONSUMERS ALLOWING

591
00:27:44,473 --> 00:27:46,575
ALL SUBSETS OF THE POPULATION TO

592
00:27:46,575 --> 00:27:47,610
IMPROVE AND IMPORTANT 

593
00:27:47,610 --> 00:27:49,912
CONSIDERATIONS I THINK HERE AND 

594
00:27:49,912 --> 00:27:51,347
MOST IMPORTANTLY AGAIN NEED TO 

595
00:27:51,347 --> 00:27:54,016
BE MEASURABLE, MONITORABLE AND 

596
00:27:54,016 --> 00:27:56,552
MODIFIABLE IN ORDER TO BE A 

597
00:27:56,552 --> 00:27:57,787
DEFINITION THAT WAS WORTHWHILE 

598
00:27:57,787 --> 00:28:07,997
AND USABLE.

599
00:28:13,836 --> 00:28:16,038
WE CAME UP WITH THE SEVEN HEALTH

600
00:28:16,038 --> 00:28:16,705
BEHAVIORS AND FACTORS YOU SEE ON

601
00:28:16,705 --> 00:28:20,709
THE SLIDE.

602
00:28:20,709 --> 00:28:24,313
OPTIMAL LEVEL OF ALL THOSE WERE 

603
00:28:24,313 --> 00:28:26,715
DEFINED AS IDEAL CARDIOVASCULAR 

604
00:28:26,715 --> 00:28:29,285
HEALTH AND ONLY A VERY SMALL 

605
00:28:29,285 --> 00:28:30,386
PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION AT 

606
00:28:30,386 --> 00:28:33,823
ANY AGE HAS ALL SEVEN OF THESE 

607
00:28:33,823 --> 00:28:37,793
FACTORS AT IDEAL LEVELS 

608
00:28:37,793 --> 00:28:42,932
SIMULTANEOUSLY.

609
00:28:42,932 --> 00:28:45,434
SO WE PROVIDED THIS DEFINITION 

610
00:28:45,434 --> 00:28:48,037
ACROSS THE SEVEN METRICS THAT 

611
00:28:48,037 --> 00:28:50,039
ALLOWS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF 

612
00:28:50,039 --> 00:28:52,341
POOR, INTERMEDIATE AND IDEAL 

613
00:28:52,341 --> 00:28:53,475
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH FOR EACH 

614
00:28:53,475 --> 00:29:04,019
METRIC THAT CAN THEN BE SUM  -- 

615
00:29:07,857 --> 00:29:11,260
SUMMARIZED OR ASSIGNING ZERO 

616
00:29:11,260 --> 00:29:13,262
POINTS AND TWO POINTS TO IDEAL 

617
00:29:13,262 --> 00:29:16,465
METRIC AND SUMMING THAT ACROSS 

618
00:29:16,465 --> 00:29:16,966
THE SEVEN DIFFERENT 

619
00:29:16,966 --> 00:29:17,566
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH DISEASE 

620
00:29:17,566 --> 00:29:23,305
METRICS.

621
00:29:23,305 --> 00:29:25,341
LETS TAKE A QUICK TOUR OF 

622
00:29:25,341 --> 00:29:26,442
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ACROSS THE

623
00:29:26,442 --> 00:29:28,644
LIFE COURSE AND YOU'LL START TO 

624
00:29:28,644 --> 00:29:31,013
SEE WHY IT'S A DEFINITION OF 

625
00:29:31,013 --> 00:29:32,147
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

626
00:29:32,147 --> 00:29:36,385
FIRST, IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE 

627
00:29:36,385 --> 00:29:46,929
MULTI-ETHNIC STUDIES OF ATHEIR 

628
00:29:50,299 --> 00:29:52,067
OWE SCLEROSIS AND DEVELOPING IT 

629
00:29:52,067 --> 00:29:54,036
IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS AND SEE THE

630
00:29:54,036 --> 00:29:56,872
NICE LOG LINEAR RELATIONSHIP THE

631
00:29:56,872 --> 00:29:57,873
HIGHER THE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

632
00:29:57,873 --> 00:29:59,174
THE BETTER THE CARDIOVASCULAR 

633
00:29:59,174 --> 00:30:01,777
HEALTH AND LOWER RISK FOR 

634
00:30:01,777 --> 00:30:02,311
DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR 

635
00:30:02,311 --> 00:30:09,652
DISEASE IN OLDER AGE.

636
00:30:09,652 --> 00:30:14,390
AND FROM THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS 

637
00:30:14,390 --> 00:30:16,058
DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP WAS 

638
00:30:16,058 --> 00:30:18,494
LOWER AND LOWER HAZARDS RATIOS 

639
00:30:18,494 --> 00:30:19,929
THE MORE IDEAL CARDIOVASCULAR 

640
00:30:19,929 --> 00:30:21,764
HEALTH METRICS YOU HAVE EVEN TO 

641
00:30:21,764 --> 00:30:24,633
THE POINT WHERE PEOPLE WITH ALL 

642
00:30:24,633 --> 00:30:26,869
SEVEN METRICS AT IDEAL LEVELS 

643
00:30:26,869 --> 00:30:29,038
THOUGH THEY WERE RARE IN THIS 

644
00:30:29,038 --> 00:30:29,505
POPULATION HAD ZERO 

645
00:30:29,505 --> 00:30:31,273
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS OVER THE 

646
00:30:31,273 --> 00:30:32,841
NEXT 20 YEARS.

647
00:30:32,841 --> 00:30:35,544
THAT'S SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE IN

648
00:30:35,544 --> 00:30:37,680
MIDDLE AGE AND ADULTHOOD OVER 20

649
00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:37,880
YEARS.

650
00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:48,257
REMARKABLE STATEMENT.

651
00:30:52,127 --> 00:30:55,030
HERE YOU SEE THEM DEFINED ADD 12

652
00:30:55,030 --> 00:30:57,666
TO 14 POINTS AS YOUNG AS 18 TO 

653
00:30:57,666 --> 00:31:00,169
24 WAS ASSOCIATED AS WITH LOW 

654
00:31:00,169 --> 00:31:01,203
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT RATES IN 

655
00:31:01,203 --> 00:31:03,472
THE BLUE OVER THE NEXT 30 YEARS 

656
00:31:03,472 --> 00:31:05,441
OF FOLLOW UP.

657
00:31:05,441 --> 00:31:07,276
THEY'RE ALL PREMATURE 

658
00:31:07,276 --> 00:31:08,043
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT RATES AND 

659
00:31:08,043 --> 00:31:12,281
PEOPLE HAD LOW EVENTS OF 

660
00:31:12,281 --> 00:31:13,082
PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

661
00:31:13,082 --> 00:31:14,850
AND THOSE WITH LOW 

662
00:31:14,850 --> 00:31:15,484
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STATUS HAT

663
00:31:15,484 --> 00:31:25,728
HIGHER RATES.

664
00:31:30,966 --> 00:31:32,735
SO THESE ARE DATA AT MY 

665
00:31:32,735 --> 00:31:34,670
INSTITUTION WHO DID A NICE JOB 

666
00:31:34,670 --> 00:31:43,846
CREATING A SYNTHETIC COHORT 

667
00:31:43,846 --> 00:31:46,248
ACROSS THESE INDIVIDUALS AND 

668
00:31:46,248 --> 00:31:47,549
KNITTED TOGETHER COHORTS AND 

669
00:31:47,549 --> 00:31:49,118
FOUND TRAJECTORIES OF 

670
00:31:49,118 --> 00:31:52,621
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SCORES IN 

671
00:31:52,621 --> 00:31:57,192
THIS CASE STARTING AS EARLY AS 

672
00:31:57,192 --> 00:31:59,194
THIRD GRADE AND SEE FIVE 

673
00:31:59,194 --> 00:32:01,196
PATTERNS OF CHANGE IN 

674
00:32:01,196 --> 00:32:02,431
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SCORE FROM

675
00:32:02,431 --> 00:32:03,999
EARLY LIFE INTO MIDDLE AGE.

676
00:32:03,999 --> 00:32:07,136
AND YOU CAN SEE THERE WAS 

677
00:32:07,136 --> 00:32:07,803
ALREADY STRATIFICATION AS EARLY 

678
00:32:07,803 --> 00:32:08,971
AS AGE EIGHT.

679
00:32:08,971 --> 00:32:11,006
PEOPLE WERE ALREADY DECLARING 

680
00:32:11,006 --> 00:32:15,811
THEIR MEMBERSHIP IN THIRD GRADE 

681
00:32:15,811 --> 00:32:19,515
INTO SOME OF THESE TRAJECTORY 

682
00:32:19,515 --> 00:32:19,815
GROUPS.

683
00:32:19,815 --> 00:32:24,486
WHEN YOU HAVE THICKENING OF THE 

684
00:32:24,486 --> 00:32:26,221
CAROTID ARTERY WALL MEASURED IN 

685
00:32:26,221 --> 00:32:29,658
35 OF THE COHORT THERE'S WAS A 

686
00:32:29,658 --> 00:32:33,762
STRONG GRADIENT OF THICKNESS 

687
00:32:33,762 --> 00:32:34,897
MEANING ATHEROSCLEROSIS 

688
00:32:34,897 --> 00:32:36,298
DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE GROUPS 

689
00:32:36,298 --> 00:32:38,167
RELATED TO MEMBERSHIP IN THE 

690
00:32:38,167 --> 00:32:43,639
DIFFERENT TRAJECTORY GROUPS FROM

691
00:32:43,639 --> 00:32:45,107
EARLY LIFE.

692
00:32:45,107 --> 00:32:46,275
THAT DIFFERENCE MAY SEEM VERY 

693
00:32:46,275 --> 00:32:52,648
MUCH BUT IF YOU APPLY IT TO A 

694
00:32:52,648 --> 00:32:53,782
55-YEAR-OLD POPULATION IT'S AN 

695
00:32:53,782 --> 00:32:55,384
INCREASE OF RISK IN THE FUTURE.

696
00:32:55,384 --> 00:32:56,452
THIS IS A RISK EVEN AT A YOUNGER

697
00:32:56,452 --> 00:33:00,889
AGE.

698
00:33:00,889 --> 00:33:03,025
THEN TAKE IT BACK TO THE 

699
00:33:03,025 --> 00:33:05,427
EARLIEST PART OF LIFE, THESE ARE

700
00:33:05,427 --> 00:33:08,564
DATA FROM THE HYPERGLYCEMIA 

701
00:33:08,564 --> 00:33:10,799
OUTCOME STUDY AND WE WERE ABLE 

702
00:33:10,799 --> 00:33:13,402
TO LOOK AT CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

703
00:33:13,402 --> 00:33:15,604
STATUS AT THE SECOND TRIMESTER 

704
00:33:15,604 --> 00:33:19,274
OF GESTATION AND MOM'S HEALTH 

705
00:33:19,274 --> 00:33:22,611
STATUS AND LINK IT TO OFFSPRING 

706
00:33:22,611 --> 00:33:25,814
STATUS AGE 10 TO 14 AND FOUND 

707
00:33:25,814 --> 00:33:27,516
MOMS WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR 

708
00:33:27,516 --> 00:33:29,351
HEALTH WERE EIGHT TIMES MORE 

709
00:33:29,351 --> 00:33:31,053
LIKELY TO HAVE CHILDREN WITH 

710
00:33:31,053 --> 00:33:33,455
HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 

711
00:33:33,455 --> 00:33:34,623
VICE VERSA.

712
00:33:34,623 --> 00:33:36,191
MOMS WITH POOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

713
00:33:36,191 --> 00:33:37,793
HEALTH WERE TEN TIMES MORE 

714
00:33:37,793 --> 00:33:38,494
LIKELY TO HAVE CHILDREN WITH 

715
00:33:38,494 --> 00:33:42,297
POOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

716
00:33:42,297 --> 00:33:44,867
SO THIS TABLE PROVIDES A BRIEF 

717
00:33:44,867 --> 00:33:47,436
SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE OUTCOMES 

718
00:33:47,436 --> 00:33:48,670
ASSOCIATED LINKING HIGH 

719
00:33:48,670 --> 00:33:50,539
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH TO HEALTH 

720
00:33:50,539 --> 00:33:50,806
OUTCOMES.

721
00:33:50,806 --> 00:33:51,473
THERE ARE THINGS ON THE SLIDE 

722
00:33:51,473 --> 00:33:52,808
THAT CERTAINLY WOULD BE EXPECTED

723
00:33:52,808 --> 00:33:54,676
IN TERMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

724
00:33:54,676 --> 00:33:55,944
HEALTH OUTCOMES, TOTAL MORTALITY

725
00:33:55,944 --> 00:33:57,846
BUT I THINK A NUMBER OF THINGS 

726
00:33:57,846 --> 00:34:00,949
ALSO REALLY IMPORTANT IN 

727
00:34:00,949 --> 00:34:02,451
THINKING ABOUT WHY YOUR HEALTH 

728
00:34:02,451 --> 00:34:04,887
STATUS IS SOMETHING TO FOCUS ON,

729
00:34:04,887 --> 00:34:06,722
FUTURE DEMENTIA, FUTURE 

730
00:34:06,722 --> 00:34:10,626
DEPRESSION, FUTURE QUALITY OF 

731
00:34:10,626 --> 00:34:13,795
LIFE AND I'LL TALK ABOUT 

732
00:34:13,795 --> 00:34:19,134
COMPRESSION OF MORBIDITY.

733
00:34:19,134 --> 00:34:22,104
SO LOOKING AT THIS COHOST 40,000

734
00:34:22,104 --> 00:34:23,772
MEN AND WOMEN CHARACTERIZED 

735
00:34:23,772 --> 00:34:27,409
MOSTLY IN MIDDLE AGE AT AGE 40 

736
00:34:27,409 --> 00:34:29,778
WE WERE ABLE TO LOOK AT WHAT THE

737
00:34:29,778 --> 00:34:30,846
OUTCOMES WERE IN MEDICARE 

738
00:34:30,846 --> 00:34:36,752
SEVERAL DECADES LATER.

739
00:34:36,752 --> 00:34:42,891
AND GIVE ME TWO CLICKS AHEAD.

740
00:34:42,891 --> 00:34:44,026
YOU'LL SEE THE TOTAL BAR 

741
00:34:44,026 --> 00:34:46,528
REPRESENT THE LIFE SPAN OF 

742
00:34:46,528 --> 00:34:49,298
INDIVIDUALS DURING MEDICARE AND 

743
00:34:49,298 --> 00:34:51,099
THE GREEN BAR REPRESENTS THEIR 

744
00:34:51,099 --> 00:34:51,667
HEALTH SPAN.

745
00:34:51,667 --> 00:34:53,835
THAT IS HOW LONG THEY LIVE 

746
00:34:53,835 --> 00:34:55,804
WITHOUT MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

747
00:34:55,804 --> 00:34:56,138
COMORBIDITIES.

748
00:34:56,138 --> 00:34:57,973
THE YELLOW WITH ONE AND ORANGE 

749
00:34:57,973 --> 00:35:02,244
WITH TWO AND RED BAR WITH THREE 

750
00:35:02,244 --> 00:35:07,382
OR MORE CARDIOVASCULAR 

751
00:35:07,382 --> 00:35:09,218
COMORBIDITIES AND WE STRATIFIED 

752
00:35:09,218 --> 00:35:11,186
THEM BY THEIR HEALTH STATUS OF 

753
00:35:11,186 --> 00:35:13,155
ABOUT AGE 40 COMPARED WITH THOSE

754
00:35:13,155 --> 00:35:14,056
OF TWO OR MORE MAJOR RISK 

755
00:35:14,056 --> 00:35:22,264
FACTORS.

756
00:35:22,264 --> 00:35:24,700
PEOPLE WITH TWO OR MORE MAJOR 

757
00:35:24,700 --> 00:35:26,568
RISK FACTORS HAVE A HEALTH SPAN 

758
00:35:26,568 --> 00:35:29,238
OF 86 AND 84.

759
00:35:29,238 --> 00:35:31,707
THEY SPEND ABOUT EIGHT YEARS 

760
00:35:31,707 --> 00:35:34,343
WITH CARDIOVASCULAR 

761
00:35:34,343 --> 00:35:35,310
COMORBIDITIES AND THOSE WITH 

762
00:35:35,310 --> 00:35:36,878
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AT 40 HAVE

763
00:35:36,878 --> 00:35:39,181
A HEALTH SPAN THAT EXPANDS AGE 

764
00:35:39,181 --> 00:35:41,617
83 AND HEALTH TO AGE 88.

765
00:35:41,617 --> 00:35:46,855
THEY ONLY SPEND FIVE YEARS.

766
00:35:46,855 --> 00:35:49,791
AND EVERYBODY WILL DIE BUT GET 

767
00:35:49,791 --> 00:35:50,425
SICKER CLOSE TO THE END OF THE 

768
00:35:50,425 --> 00:35:57,966
LIFE SPAN.

769
00:35:57,966 --> 00:36:00,669
SOW LOOKING AT THIS APPROACH 

770
00:36:00,669 --> 00:36:01,637
THINKING ABOUT COMPRESSION 

771
00:36:01,637 --> 00:36:03,772
MORBIDITY AND HEALTH SPAN, THESE

772
00:36:03,772 --> 00:36:05,941
DATA ARE ACTUALLY FROM THE 

773
00:36:05,941 --> 00:36:07,909
NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION 

774
00:36:07,909 --> 00:36:09,511
EXEMPTION SURVEYS AND LOOKED AT 

775
00:36:09,511 --> 00:36:10,646
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHRONIC 

776
00:36:10,646 --> 00:36:13,482
DISEASE OF AGING RELATED TO 

777
00:36:13,482 --> 00:36:15,751
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STATUS.

778
00:36:15,751 --> 00:36:17,619
SORRY, THE DATA FROM THE U.K. 

779
00:36:17,619 --> 00:36:22,457
BIO BANK.

780
00:36:22,457 --> 00:36:32,934
WHAT THEY FOUND IT OBVIATES 

781
00:36:34,469 --> 00:36:37,039
LONGER HEALTH SPAN AND LIFE 

782
00:36:37,039 --> 00:36:37,506
SPAN.

783
00:36:37,506 --> 00:36:39,941
WHAT YOU SEE IS THOSE PEOPLE 

784
00:36:39,941 --> 00:36:42,911
WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

785
00:36:42,911 --> 00:36:43,912
ACTUALLY WITHIN THE LOW 

786
00:36:43,912 --> 00:36:49,785
EDUCATION GROUP HAVE A LONGER 

787
00:36:49,785 --> 00:36:53,689
HEALTH SPAN AND ALSO ACROSS 

788
00:36:53,689 --> 00:36:55,123
EDUCATION STATUS THE PRESENCE OF

789
00:36:55,123 --> 00:36:56,258
HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SEEMS

790
00:36:56,258 --> 00:37:00,395
TO OBVIATE THE RISK ASSOCIATED 

791
00:37:00,395 --> 00:37:00,962
WITH POOR EDUCATION.

792
00:37:00,962 --> 00:37:07,769
THEY FOUND THIS FOR A SOCIAL 

793
00:37:07,769 --> 00:37:08,403
DEPRIVATION INDEX SCORE AS WELL 

794
00:37:08,403 --> 00:37:14,042
AS PERSONAL INCOME LEVELS.

795
00:37:14,042 --> 00:37:14,876
HOUSEHOLD INCOME LEVELS.

796
00:37:14,876 --> 00:37:16,478
YOU CAN SEE THE HEALTH SPAN IS 

797
00:37:16,478 --> 00:37:19,014
THE SAME FOR PEOPLE WITH LOWER 

798
00:37:19,014 --> 00:37:21,583
AND HIGHER HOUSEHOLD INCOME 

799
00:37:21,583 --> 00:37:21,917
LEVELS.

800
00:37:21,917 --> 00:37:22,751
THIS CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

801
00:37:22,751 --> 00:37:25,287
STATUS SEEMS TO BE NULLIFYING 

802
00:37:25,287 --> 00:37:28,657
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL 

803
00:37:28,657 --> 00:37:29,825
DETERMINATES OF HEALTH.

804
00:37:29,825 --> 00:37:31,526
THIS A PARTICULARLY INTERESTING 

805
00:37:31,526 --> 00:37:33,662
STUDY WHERE I THINK WE'RE SEEING

806
00:37:33,662 --> 00:37:36,398
RESILIENCE IN IMPARTED BY 

807
00:37:36,398 --> 00:37:40,802
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN THIS 

808
00:37:40,802 --> 00:37:46,508
STUDY FROM ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK 

809
00:37:46,508 --> 00:37:50,312
SCORE LOOKED AT PEOPLE WIN SNIPS

810
00:37:50,312 --> 00:37:50,912
OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 

811
00:37:50,912 --> 00:37:51,880
HEALTH SCORE.

812
00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:56,151
AND WHAT YOU SEE HERE IS AT THE 

813
00:37:56,151 --> 00:37:59,354
TOP YOU SEE PEOPLE WITH GOOD 

814
00:37:59,354 --> 00:38:00,288
GENES BUT POOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

815
00:38:00,288 --> 00:38:01,790
HEALTH AND IN THE VERY BOTTOM 

816
00:38:01,790 --> 00:38:04,993
BAR YOU SEE PEOPLE WITH BAD 

817
00:38:04,993 --> 00:38:05,794
GENES BUT GOOD CARDIOVASCULAR 

818
00:38:05,794 --> 00:38:10,799
HEALTH.

819
00:38:10,799 --> 00:38:12,401
THE PEOPLE WITH BAD GENES DON'T 

820
00:38:12,401 --> 00:38:14,503
LIVE OUT THEIR DESTINY IF THEY 

821
00:38:14,503 --> 00:38:16,605
HAVE GOOD CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

822
00:38:16,605 --> 00:38:19,040
NOTICE THIS DIFFERENT, 12 YEARS 

823
00:38:19,040 --> 00:38:20,776
LONGER LIFE SPAN, 19 YEARS 

824
00:38:20,776 --> 00:38:24,546
LONGER HEALTH SPAN AND SEVEN 

825
00:38:24,546 --> 00:38:26,581
YEARS LESS ON AVERAGE SPEND WITH

826
00:38:26,581 --> 00:38:29,451
CORONARY HEALTH DISEASE IF THEY 

827
00:38:29,451 --> 00:38:31,820
HAD IDEAL HEART HEALTH EVEN WITH

828
00:38:31,820 --> 00:38:32,821
BAD GENES AND GOOD 

829
00:38:32,821 --> 00:38:33,321
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

830
00:38:33,321 --> 00:38:33,955
IT'S A NICE DEMONSTRATION OF 

831
00:38:33,955 --> 00:38:41,229
RESILIENCE.

832
00:38:41,229 --> 00:38:49,037
THAT'S BEEN RE-REPLICATED IN THE

833
00:38:49,037 --> 00:38:50,038
U.K. BIO BANK.

834
00:38:50,038 --> 00:38:53,041
IN SOME OF OUR IT'S NOT THAT 

835
00:38:53,041 --> 00:38:57,312
THESE PEOPLE DON'T DEVELOP 

836
00:38:57,312 --> 00:38:59,014
ATHEROSCLEROSIS OR 

837
00:38:59,014 --> 00:39:00,449
CARDIOVASCULAR PEOPLE WITH HIGH 

838
00:39:00,449 --> 00:39:06,254
HEALTH SCORES STILL HAVE SOME 

839
00:39:06,254 --> 00:39:08,824
ATHEROSCLEROSIS BUT CLEARLY NOT 

840
00:39:08,824 --> 00:39:10,125
AS MUCH IT'S NOT JUST 

841
00:39:10,125 --> 00:39:13,094
QUANTITATIVE BUT QUALITATIVE.

842
00:39:13,094 --> 00:39:17,199
AND IN THE DATA LOOKING AT 

843
00:39:17,199 --> 00:39:18,366
CROSS-SECTIONAL LEFT MAIN CORE 

844
00:39:18,366 --> 00:39:23,905
NARY ARTERY AND DECRESCENDING A 

845
00:39:23,905 --> 00:39:26,875
SLICES FROM A 72-YEAR-OLD MAN 

846
00:39:26,875 --> 00:39:28,243
WHO HAD CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 

847
00:39:28,243 --> 00:39:32,280
FACTORS 40 YEARS AGO YOU CAN SEE

848
00:39:32,280 --> 00:39:33,248
IRREGULARITIES IN THE WALL OF 

849
00:39:33,248 --> 00:39:35,417
THE CORONARY ARTERY AND IN THE 

850
00:39:35,417 --> 00:39:39,421
LEFT MAIN THE LIPID RICH CORE 

851
00:39:39,421 --> 00:39:40,822
DARK SPOT OF PLAQUE IN THE 

852
00:39:40,822 --> 00:39:42,390
INDIVIDUAL'S ARTERY.

853
00:39:42,390 --> 00:39:44,192
CONTRAST THAT WITH AN INDIVIDUAL

854
00:39:44,192 --> 00:39:45,660
WHO HAD IDEAL CARDIOVASCULAR 

855
00:39:45,660 --> 00:39:47,796
HEALTH ABOUT 40 YEARS AGO, HE 

856
00:39:47,796 --> 00:39:49,664
HAS MORE UNIFORM WALL OF HIS 

857
00:39:49,664 --> 00:39:51,366
CORONARY ARTERIES AND YOU DON'T 

858
00:39:51,366 --> 00:39:54,636
SEE THE LOW ATTENUATION LIPID 

859
00:39:54,636 --> 00:39:56,338
RICH AREAS IN THE WALLS OF HIS 

860
00:39:56,338 --> 00:39:57,606
CORONARY ARTERIES.

861
00:39:57,606 --> 00:40:00,408
IN FACT WE'RE SEEING WHILE THE 

862
00:40:00,408 --> 00:40:01,543
ARTERIES OF PEOPLE WITH 

863
00:40:01,543 --> 00:40:03,545
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN YOUNG 

864
00:40:03,545 --> 00:40:05,280
AGE ARE NOT NORMAL LATER IN LEIF

865
00:40:05,280 --> 00:40:07,549
THEY STILL HAVE THICKENING AND 

866
00:40:07,549 --> 00:40:09,284
REMODELLING OF THEIR CORONARY 

867
00:40:09,284 --> 00:40:11,086
ARTERIES BUT THERE'S MUCH MORE 

868
00:40:11,086 --> 00:40:16,057
THERE THAN THERE WOULD BE IF 

869
00:40:16,057 --> 00:40:17,659
THEY WERE HEALTHY OLD INDIVIDUAL

870
00:40:17,659 --> 00:40:20,328
AND THEY'RE DEVELOPING 

871
00:40:20,328 --> 00:40:22,264
ATHEROSCLEROSIS BUT DEVELOPING 

872
00:40:22,264 --> 00:40:25,600
MORE SCLEROSIS AND LESS ATHERO.

873
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:31,773
IT'S A MORE BENIGN DEPOSITION IN

874
00:40:31,773 --> 00:40:38,980
THE WALLS OF THE ARTERIES.

875
00:40:38,980 --> 00:40:44,085
IS WE KWUPDATED THE DEFINITION  

876
00:40:44,085 --> 00:40:45,420
INCLUDE SLEEP WHICH IS WHY IT'S 

877
00:40:45,420 --> 00:40:47,656
RELEVANT TO OUR TOP EKZ TODAY.

878
00:40:47,656 --> 00:40:49,357
-- TOPICS.

879
00:40:49,357 --> 00:40:51,293
SO LIFE'S SIMPLE SEVEN HAS 

880
00:40:51,293 --> 00:40:56,064
BECOME LIFE'S ESSENTIAL EIGHT.

881
00:40:56,064 --> 00:40:58,600
AND IN CRAFTING THIS BY ADDING 

882
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:01,036
SLEEP AS A NEW METRIC WE ALSO 

883
00:41:01,036 --> 00:41:05,173
ACKNOWLEDGE AS YYOU SEE THE 

884
00:41:05,173 --> 00:41:06,975
CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL 

885
00:41:06,975 --> 00:41:08,577
DETERMINATES OF HEALTH AND ALSO 

886
00:41:08,577 --> 00:41:10,445
THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF 

887
00:41:10,445 --> 00:41:12,948
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AND WELL 

888
00:41:12,948 --> 00:41:14,015
BEING AS STRONG CONTEXTUAL 

889
00:41:14,015 --> 00:41:16,251
FACTORS FOR ONE'S ABILITY TO 

890
00:41:16,251 --> 00:41:16,718
ACHIEVE THEIR HIGHEST 

891
00:41:16,718 --> 00:41:20,088
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

892
00:41:20,088 --> 00:41:22,490
>> EXCUSE ME, DOCTOR,
TWO-MINUTE

893
00:41:22,490 --> 00:41:23,892
WARNING.

894
00:41:23,892 --> 00:41:26,328
>> I APPRECIATE THAT.

895
00:41:26,328 --> 00:41:28,463
WE UPDATE THE SCORING ALGORITHM 

896
00:41:28,463 --> 00:41:30,231
WHICH ALLOWS NOW FOR A BROADER 

897
00:41:30,231 --> 00:41:33,435
SENSE OF SCORING THAT ALLOWS 

898
00:41:33,435 --> 00:41:35,003
BETTER SENSE OF INTERINDIVIDUAL 

899
00:41:35,003 --> 00:41:36,671
AND INTRAINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 

900
00:41:36,671 --> 00:41:37,405
AND CHANGE.

901
00:41:37,405 --> 00:41:39,841
BUT AGAIN WE ALSO ADDED SLEEP 

902
00:41:39,841 --> 00:41:43,244
HEALTH WHICH THE SIMPLE 

903
00:41:43,244 --> 00:41:44,546
DEFINITION ONLY LOOKS AT THE 

904
00:41:44,546 --> 00:41:45,313
DURATION OF AVERAGE SLEEPER 

905
00:41:45,313 --> 00:41:49,651
NIGHT.

906
00:41:49,651 --> 00:41:51,786
WE NOW HAVE THESE EIGHT HEALTH 

907
00:41:51,786 --> 00:41:53,388
BEHAVIORS AND HEALTH FACTORS 

908
00:41:53,388 --> 00:41:54,489
DEFINING CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

909
00:41:54,489 --> 00:41:57,425
IN A MORE GRANULAR WAY BECAUSE 

910
00:41:57,425 --> 00:42:05,567
OF THE SCORING CHANGES.

911
00:42:05,567 --> 00:42:06,735
THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT FOR 

912
00:42:06,735 --> 00:42:08,036
THE SLEEP SCORE WITHIN THE 

913
00:42:08,036 --> 00:42:09,604
HEALTH METRICS WITH EACH OF THE 

914
00:42:09,604 --> 00:42:20,148
OTHER SEVEN MET  OF -- METRICS 

915
00:42:21,149 --> 00:42:22,784
IS STATISTICALLY CORRELATED AND 

916
00:42:22,784 --> 00:42:25,253
SLEEP IS ADDING INDEPENDENT 

917
00:42:25,253 --> 00:42:25,920
INFORMATION IN CORRELATION WITH 

918
00:42:25,920 --> 00:42:32,160
OTHER METRICS.

919
00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:35,430
THE TAKE HOME POINTS ARE CLEARLY

920
00:42:35,430 --> 00:42:36,631
HIGHER CARDIOVASCULAR HEATH AT 

921
00:42:36,631 --> 00:42:38,767
ANY LIFE SPAJ IS A CRITICAL 

922
00:42:38,767 --> 00:42:42,404
FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTHY 

923
00:42:42,404 --> 00:42:42,837
LONGEVITY.

924
00:42:42,837 --> 00:42:44,873
REDUCTION OF MORBIDITY IN THE 

925
00:42:44,873 --> 00:42:45,974
FUTURE AND COMPRESSION OF 

926
00:42:45,974 --> 00:42:46,808
MORBIDITY AND HIGHER QUALITY OF 

927
00:42:46,808 --> 00:42:47,008
LIFE.

928
00:42:47,008 --> 00:42:49,778
WE'VE SEEN FROM OTHER STUDIES 

929
00:42:49,778 --> 00:42:50,445
IMPROVING CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

930
00:42:50,445 --> 00:42:52,347
WHICH IS VERY ACHIEVABLE 

931
00:42:52,347 --> 00:42:54,249
IMPROVES HEALTH OUTCOMES AND 

932
00:42:54,249 --> 00:42:56,251
IT'S NEVER TOO LATE IN LIFE TO 

933
00:42:56,251 --> 00:42:57,052
IMPROVE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

934
00:42:57,052 --> 00:42:58,053
BUT THE SOON THEIR BETTER.

935
00:42:58,053 --> 00:43:01,790
THE BIGGER THE IMPACT IF YOU 

936
00:43:01,790 --> 00:43:04,059
CHANGE SOONER AND HIGHER 

937
00:43:04,059 --> 00:43:05,760
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH THROUGH 

938
00:43:05,760 --> 00:43:07,996
HEALTHIER LIFE STYLE TRUMPS 

939
00:43:07,996 --> 00:43:09,964
GENETICS A WORKING DEFINITION OF

940
00:43:09,964 --> 00:43:10,965
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

941
00:43:10,965 --> 00:43:12,434
I'LL STOP THERE IN THE INTEREST 

942
00:43:12,434 --> 00:43:14,269
OF TIME AND IT'S A REAL PLEASURE

943
00:43:14,269 --> 00:43:19,007
NOW INTRODUCE OUR NEXT SPEAKER, 

944
00:43:19,007 --> 00:43:21,543
WHO DR. STEPHANIE COOK FROM NEW 

945
00:43:21,543 --> 00:43:22,711
YORK UNIVERSITY AND SHE'S GOING 

946
00:43:22,711 --> 00:43:24,212
TO SPEAK ON SOCIAL DETERMINATES 

947
00:43:24,212 --> 00:43:26,648
OF SLEEP HEALTH FROM 2017 TO 

948
00:43:26,648 --> 00:43:27,749
2020: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION

949
00:43:27,749 --> 00:43:29,484
OF RACE AND GENDER.

950
00:43:29,484 --> 00:43:39,861
DR. COOK, OVER TO YOU.

951
00:43:51,740 --> 00:43:52,941
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
WONDERFUL 

952
00:43:52,941 --> 00:43:54,109
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW.

953
00:43:54,109 --> 00:43:56,211
I'LL TALK ABOUT RACE AS A SOCIAL

954
00:43:56,211 --> 00:43:57,545
DETERMINATE OF HEALTH OF SLEEP 

955
00:43:57,545 --> 00:43:58,913
HEALTH AND I'M GOING USE THE ALL

956
00:43:58,913 --> 00:44:01,516
OF US DATA TO DO SO AND MOST 

957
00:44:01,516 --> 00:44:02,016
IMPORTANTLY TALK ABOUT 

958
00:44:02,016 --> 00:44:10,592
INTERSECTIONALITY.

959
00:44:10,592 --> 00:44:13,762
MY POSITION STATEMENT I'M A 

960
00:44:13,762 --> 00:44:18,233
BLACK CISGENDER WOMAN WHO WORKED

961
00:44:18,233 --> 00:44:20,668
IN COMMUNITY FOR YEARS AND I 

962
00:44:20,668 --> 00:44:24,405
STRIVE TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND 

963
00:44:24,405 --> 00:44:25,707
ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT I WORK 

964
00:44:25,707 --> 00:44:28,209
MORE IN THE COMMUNITIES I SERVE 

965
00:44:28,209 --> 00:44:28,977
AND I BELIEVE REPRESENTATION IS 

966
00:44:28,977 --> 00:44:33,481
VITALLY IMPORTANT.

967
00:44:33,481 --> 00:44:35,083
WE HAD A NICE OVERVIEW OF 

968
00:44:35,083 --> 00:44:36,384
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BUT WHAT 

969
00:44:36,384 --> 00:44:44,526
I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT IS THAT 

970
00:44:44,526 --> 00:44:54,836
THERE ARE STAR AND WE SAW A 

971
00:44:54,836 --> 00:44:56,538
DECREASE BUT THERE'S DISPARITIES

972
00:44:56,538 --> 00:44:59,941
BASED ON RACE ARE MAINTAINED AND

973
00:44:59,941 --> 00:45:04,679
FROM 2018 AND 2021 WE SEE THE 

974
00:45:04,679 --> 00:45:06,080
STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR WITH 

975
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:07,415
SMALL DECREASES BUT AGAIN THE 

976
00:45:07,415 --> 00:45:17,759
DISPARITIES REMAIN.

977
00:45:19,494 --> 00:45:20,595
SO WE KNOW CARDIOVASCULAR 

978
00:45:20,595 --> 00:45:22,263
DISEASE IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF 

979
00:45:22,263 --> 00:45:26,968
DISEASE AND THERE'S FACTORS 

980
00:45:26,968 --> 00:45:28,703
INCLUDING SMOKING AND HIGH 

981
00:45:28,703 --> 00:45:30,405
CHOLESTEROL AND BLOOD PRESSURE 

982
00:45:30,405 --> 00:45:32,607
AND AMONG BLACK INDIVIDUALS 

983
00:45:32,607 --> 00:45:34,642
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IS VERY 

984
00:45:34,642 --> 00:45:36,344
HIGH AND WE SEE INCREASING RATES

985
00:45:36,344 --> 00:45:38,079
AMONG BLACK WOMEN AND THIS 

986
00:45:38,079 --> 00:45:39,347
FORCES US TO THINK MORE 

987
00:45:39,347 --> 00:45:40,782
CRITICALLY ABOUT THE ROLE OR 

988
00:45:40,782 --> 00:45:51,492
INTERSECTION OF GENDER AND RACE.

989
00:45:51,492 --> 00:45:55,463
I ENTERED IN THINK OF SOCIAL 

990
00:45:55,463 --> 00:45:56,431
DETERMINATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

991
00:45:56,431 --> 00:45:58,166
DISEASE THERE WAS A WONDERFUL 

992
00:45:58,166 --> 00:45:59,000
SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT THAT CAME 

993
00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:01,669
OUT LED BY GIANTS IN THE FIELD 

994
00:46:01,669 --> 00:46:03,805
AND THERE'S AN UPDATE IN A 2020 

995
00:46:03,805 --> 00:46:09,377
PAPER THAT TALKS ABOUT THE 

996
00:46:09,377 --> 00:46:10,178
SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 

997
00:46:10,178 --> 00:46:10,845
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND RACE 

998
00:46:10,845 --> 00:46:13,047
AND ETHNICITY AND THERE'S A 

999
00:46:13,047 --> 00:46:14,916
SOCIAL CONSTRUCT AND WHEN WE 

1000
00:46:14,916 --> 00:46:16,484
TALK ABOUT RACE AND ETHNICITY 

1001
00:46:16,484 --> 00:46:17,452
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT RACISM.

1002
00:46:17,452 --> 00:46:19,854
WHEN WE THINK OF RACISM AS A 

1003
00:46:19,854 --> 00:46:20,889
SOCIAL DETERMINATE OF HEALTH WE 

1004
00:46:20,889 --> 00:46:25,159
HAVE TO THINK HOW STRESSORS FROM

1005
00:46:25,159 --> 00:46:29,764
BEING IN CONSTELLATIONS OF 

1006
00:46:29,764 --> 00:46:34,702
RACIST ENVIRONMENTS REALLY 

1007
00:46:34,702 --> 00:46:35,370
INFLUENCE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

1008
00:46:35,370 --> 00:46:41,776
IS NEGATIVE.

1009
00:46:41,776 --> 00:46:44,612
 WE HAVE TO THINK WHEN WE START 

1010
00:46:44,612 --> 00:46:46,514
THINKING ABOUT THE INTERSECTION 

1011
00:46:46,514 --> 00:46:57,058
OF RACE AND ETHNICITY IS SO WHEN

1012
00:47:17,512 --> 00:47:17,745
WE START THINK 

1013
00:47:21,482 --> 00:47:23,751
SOCCEREDS OF HEALTH WE NEED TO 

1014
00:47:23,751 --> 00:47:26,287
THINK ABOUT OTHER ACCESSES OF 

1015
00:47:26,287 --> 00:47:31,993
INEQUALITY AND USING 

1016
00:47:31,993 --> 00:47:42,537
INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORK USING 

1017
00:48:01,222 --> 00:48:04,158
AN INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORK IS 

1018
00:48:04,158 --> 00:48:06,561
IMPORTANT IN HOW TO WE THINK OF 

1019
00:48:06,561 --> 00:48:07,695
SOCIAL DETERMINATES MUCH HEALTH 

1020
00:48:07,695 --> 00:48:08,930
AND THINK CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

1021
00:48:08,930 --> 00:48:10,264
RISK AND SLEEP I'LL TALK ABOUT 

1022
00:48:10,264 --> 00:48:11,833
IN A MINUTE.

1023
00:48:11,833 --> 00:48:13,201
INTERSECTIONALITY IS MOVING AWAY

1024
00:48:13,201 --> 00:48:15,370
FROM THE SUB GROUP ANALYSES AND 

1025
00:48:15,370 --> 00:48:17,338
SAYING FOR EXAMPLE BLACK WOMEN 

1026
00:48:17,338 --> 00:48:18,106
HAVE INCREASING RATES OF 

1027
00:48:18,106 --> 00:48:19,841
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE INSTEAD 

1028
00:48:19,841 --> 00:48:22,744
FRAMING IT IN THE CONTEXT OF 

1029
00:48:22,744 --> 00:48:23,711
PRIVILEGE AND POWER.

1030
00:48:23,711 --> 00:48:27,715
SO THESE IDENTITIES ARE LINKED 

1031
00:48:27,715 --> 00:48:28,616
AND REFLECTIVE OF THE LARGER 

1032
00:48:28,616 --> 00:48:30,418
SOCIAL POWER DYNAMICS.

1033
00:48:30,418 --> 00:48:33,388
STARTING WITH THE INTERSECTIONAL

1034
00:48:33,388 --> 00:48:34,689
FRAMEWORK HELPS GUIDE OUR 

1035
00:48:34,689 --> 00:48:44,065
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN THIS AREA.

1036
00:48:44,065 --> 00:48:48,469
TOE GIVE EXAMPLES HOW 

1037
00:48:48,469 --> 00:48:50,638
INTERSECTIONALITY AND HOW HAIR 

1038
00:48:50,638 --> 00:48:52,473
DISCRIMINATION AFFECTS WOMEN AND

1039
00:48:52,473 --> 00:48:55,209
IT'S NOT REALLY ABOUT BLACKNESS 

1040
00:48:55,209 --> 00:48:57,578
INSTEAD IT'S ABOUT THE CRITICAL 

1041
00:48:57,578 --> 00:48:58,179
INTERSECTION OF BEING A BLOCK 

1042
00:48:58,179 --> 00:49:00,415
WOMAN.

1043
00:49:00,415 --> 00:49:02,550
-- BLACK WOMAN.

1044
00:49:02,550 --> 00:49:05,420
SO WE UTILIZE MANY STATISTICAL 

1045
00:49:05,420 --> 00:49:08,256
METHODS IN IDENTIFYING THESE 

1046
00:49:08,256 --> 00:49:09,390
GROUP PHENOMENA USING 

1047
00:49:09,390 --> 00:49:10,024
INTERSECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE AND A

1048
00:49:10,024 --> 00:49:12,393
LOT OF THE WORK I DO IS THE 

1049
00:49:12,393 --> 00:49:16,731
MET

1050
00:49:16,731 --> 00:49:20,902
METHODOLOGICAL AREA AND I 

1051
00:49:20,902 --> 00:49:23,771
IMPLORE US TO THINK HOW WE USE 

1052
00:49:23,771 --> 00:49:25,740
INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN 

1053
00:49:25,740 --> 00:49:26,507
ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK FOR OUR 

1054
00:49:26,507 --> 00:49:32,180
WORK EVEN OUTSIDE OF THE ROLE OF

1055
00:49:32,180 --> 00:49:32,747
BUILDING THESE STATISTICAL 

1056
00:49:32,747 --> 00:49:42,890
MODELS.

1057
00:49:46,260 --> 00:49:47,795
I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE WORK

1058
00:49:47,795 --> 00:49:49,764
WITH "ALL OF US" IN 

1059
00:49:49,764 --> 00:49:53,601
UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES.

1060
00:49:53,601 --> 00:49:57,438
SO SHORT SLEEP DURATION IS ONE 

1061
00:49:57,438 --> 00:50:00,441
CRUDE METRIC OF SLEEP HEALTH.

1062
00:50:00,441 --> 00:50:01,709
A LOT OF EXPERTS SAY THAT PEOPLE

1063
00:50:01,709 --> 00:50:04,445
SHOULD HAVE ON AVERAGE SEVEN 

1064
00:50:04,445 --> 00:50:06,247
HOURS OF SLEEP IN A 24 HOUR 

1065
00:50:06,247 --> 00:50:07,949
PERIOD AND THIS IS A KEY 

1066
00:50:07,949 --> 00:50:09,617
INDICATOR IF YOU HAVE LESS THAN 

1067
00:50:09,617 --> 00:50:14,789
THAT OF POOR SLEEP HEALTH.

1068
00:50:14,789 --> 00:50:17,258
WE KNOW THAT LACK OF SLEEP IS 

1069
00:50:17,258 --> 00:50:18,259
ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR 

1070
00:50:18,259 --> 00:50:19,827
DISEASE AND WE HAVE PAPERS AND 

1071
00:50:19,827 --> 00:50:21,496
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRIES TO 

1072
00:50:21,496 --> 00:50:24,465
DEMONSTRATE THAT BY NOW.

1073
00:50:24,465 --> 00:50:29,871
AND AS EARLY AS 2014 AND EARLIER

1074
00:50:29,871 --> 00:50:31,139
THE CHICAGO SLEEP STUDY, FOR 

1075
00:50:31,139 --> 00:50:33,741
EXAMPLE, STARTED TO IDENTIFY 

1076
00:50:33,741 --> 00:50:35,143
DISTINCT DIFFERENCES BASED ON 

1077
00:50:35,143 --> 00:50:38,379
RACE AND SLEEP HEALTH 

1078
00:50:38,379 --> 00:50:46,220
IDENTIFYING SL BLACK, HISPANIC D

1079
00:50:46,220 --> 00:50:49,223
ASIANS AND SLEEP HEALTH THAN 

1080
00:50:49,223 --> 00:50:52,226
WHITE INDIVIDUALS.

1081
00:50:52,226 --> 00:50:57,899
IN ADDITION, THE NIEHS IN A 2022

1082
00:50:57,899 --> 00:51:00,735
PAPER INDICATED THAT BLACK WOMEN

1083
00:51:00,735 --> 00:51:04,005
IN PARTICULAR HAD EVEN GREATER 

1084
00:51:04,005 --> 00:51:06,040
DISPARITIES IN SLEEP HEALTH OR 

1085
00:51:06,040 --> 00:51:07,441
DURATION OF SLEEP COMPARED TO 

1086
00:51:07,441 --> 00:51:08,376
WHITE WOMEN.

1087
00:51:08,376 --> 00:51:09,777
SO WE'RE ALREADY STARTING TO SEE

1088
00:51:09,777 --> 00:51:13,681
THE DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP HEALTH 

1089
00:51:13,681 --> 00:51:14,715
AT THE INTERSECTION BUT THE 

1090
00:51:14,715 --> 00:51:25,159
FINDINGS ARE RATHER MIXED.

1091
00:51:27,695 --> 00:51:31,032
IN THIS STUDY I WAS TAKING AN 

1092
00:51:31,032 --> 00:51:32,600
INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH AND 

1093
00:51:32,600 --> 00:51:34,168
HYPOTHESIZED IN THE CATEGORY OF 

1094
00:51:34,168 --> 00:51:37,905
RACE AND ETHNICITY MINORITY 

1095
00:51:37,905 --> 00:51:39,173
WOMEN WOULD HAVE LESS MINUTES OF

1096
00:51:39,173 --> 00:51:40,408
SLEEP THAN WHITE WOMEN AND 

1097
00:51:40,408 --> 00:51:43,578
WITHIN THE CATEGORY OF RACE AND 

1098
00:51:43,578 --> 00:51:45,680
ETHNICITY WE HYPOTHESIZED ETHNIC

1099
00:51:45,680 --> 00:51:46,714
MINORITY MEN WOULD HAVE LESS 

1100
00:51:46,714 --> 00:51:49,083
MINUTES OF SLEEP THAN WHITE MEN 

1101
00:51:49,083 --> 00:51:52,086
AND OVER ALL WE HYPOTHESIZED 

1102
00:51:52,086 --> 00:51:52,687
NON-WHITE WOMEN WOULD HAVE 

1103
00:51:52,687 --> 00:51:55,223
INCREASING TRAJECTORIES OF SLEEP

1104
00:51:55,223 --> 00:51:55,957
DURING DURATION COMPARED TO 

1105
00:51:55,957 --> 00:52:03,164
WHITE WOMEN.

1106
00:52:03,164 --> 00:52:04,765
THESE DATA COME FROM NIH ALL OF 

1107
00:52:04,765 --> 00:52:06,901
US WHICH IS A RICH DATA SOURCE 

1108
00:52:06,901 --> 00:52:08,736
AND WE SPECIFICALLY USED THE 

1109
00:52:08,736 --> 00:52:12,573
FITBIT AND WE WERE LOOKING AT 

1110
00:52:12,573 --> 00:52:16,244
SLEEP TRAJECTORIES.

1111
00:52:16,244 --> 00:52:19,847
LOOKING FROM 2017 TO 2022 FOR 

1112
00:52:19,847 --> 00:52:22,350
THOSE WHO HAD FITBIT DATA.

1113
00:52:22,350 --> 00:52:27,321
SO MINUTES OF SLEEP WAS 

1114
00:52:27,321 --> 00:52:29,757
CHARACTERIZED BY LESS THAN SEVEN

1115
00:52:29,757 --> 00:52:33,961
MINUTES OF SLEEP AN 24 HOUR 

1116
00:52:33,961 --> 00:52:37,565
PERIOD.

1117
00:52:37,565 --> 00:52:39,300
IN ADDITION WE MEASURED 

1118
00:52:39,300 --> 00:52:41,702
SELF-REPORTED RACE OR ETHNICITY 

1119
00:52:41,702 --> 00:52:43,838
AND REPORTED GENDER BY 

1120
00:52:43,838 --> 00:52:46,140
SELF-REPORT AND USED A FEW 

1121
00:52:46,140 --> 00:52:47,108
COVARIATES INCLUDING HEART 

1122
00:52:47,108 --> 00:52:48,542
CONDITIONS OR HISTORY OF ANY 

1123
00:52:48,542 --> 00:52:51,279
KIND OF HEART CONDITION AND 

1124
00:52:51,279 --> 00:52:52,546
FAMILY HISTORY OF HEART 

1125
00:52:52,546 --> 00:52:57,785
CONDITION AND SUBSTANCE USE 

1126
00:52:57,785 --> 00:52:58,052
BEHAVIOR.

1127
00:52:58,052 --> 00:53:01,789
WE DID BASIC BI-VARIATE 

1128
00:53:01,789 --> 00:53:04,025
STATISTICS AND CONDITIONAL AND 

1129
00:53:04,025 --> 00:53:06,193
LINEAR MIXED MODELS AND ACTION 

1130
00:53:06,193 --> 00:53:09,130
TERMS TO TALK ABOUT 

1131
00:53:09,130 --> 00:53:09,764
INTERSECTIONALITY AND ALL THIS 

1132
00:53:09,764 --> 00:53:14,435
IN OUR WORK BENCH.

1133
00:53:14,435 --> 00:53:16,537
SO THE FIRST THING I WANT TO 

1134
00:53:16,537 --> 00:53:18,139
TALK ABOUT IS JUST KIND OF THE 

1135
00:53:18,139 --> 00:53:19,540
GENERAL RESULTS.

1136
00:53:19,540 --> 00:53:21,442
IN TERMS OF RACE, WE SEE THE 

1137
00:53:21,442 --> 00:53:24,245
RESULTS THAT WE HAVE SEEN AND 

1138
00:53:24,245 --> 00:53:26,514
THE GENERAL LITERATURE.

1139
00:53:26,514 --> 00:53:30,017
WE SEE OVER ALL THAT BLACKS 

1140
00:53:30,017 --> 00:53:32,887
EXPERIENCE ABOUT 50 LESS MINUTES

1141
00:53:32,887 --> 00:53:34,622
OF SLEEP AT BASELINE COMPARED TO

1142
00:53:34,622 --> 00:53:38,159
OTHER GROUPS.

1143
00:53:38,159 --> 00:53:40,594
WE SEE THE OVER ALL TRAJECTORIES

1144
00:53:40,594 --> 00:53:42,296
LOOK SIMILAR BETWEEN RACIAL 

1145
00:53:42,296 --> 00:53:45,866
GROUPS BUT PARTICULARLY BLACK 

1146
00:53:45,866 --> 00:53:48,169
AND ASIAN OVER ALL EXPERIENCE 

1147
00:53:48,169 --> 00:53:49,270
LESS SLEEP THAN THE OTHER RACIAL

1148
00:53:49,270 --> 00:53:54,375
ETHNIC GROUPS.

1149
00:53:54,375 --> 00:53:56,377
IN ADDITION WE SEE THE SAME 

1150
00:53:56,377 --> 00:53:58,546
PATTERN WHEN WE LOOK AT GENDER 

1151
00:53:58,546 --> 00:54:01,716
ALONE BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES 

1152
00:54:01,716 --> 00:54:04,752
AND WE SEE SIMILAR PATTERNS AND 

1153
00:54:04,752 --> 00:54:06,721
WITH MORE TIME WE COULD TALK 

1154
00:54:06,721 --> 00:54:08,456
ABOUT THE COVID EFFECT OR WHAT 

1155
00:54:08,456 --> 00:54:09,924
WE THINK IS GOING ON FROM COVID 

1156
00:54:09,924 --> 00:54:11,759
BUT OVER ALL WHAT I WANT TO 

1157
00:54:11,759 --> 00:54:15,129
HIGHLIGHT IS THAT THESE 

1158
00:54:15,129 --> 00:54:25,506
DISPARITIES CONTINUE.

1159
00:54:31,412 --> 00:54:34,148
AND THEN IF WE LOOK -- THE 

1160
00:54:34,148 --> 00:54:41,222
PREVIOUS SLIDE -- SOW  -- SO 

1161
00:54:41,222 --> 00:54:42,757
THIS IS A SLIDE I WANT TO SPEND 

1162
00:54:42,757 --> 00:54:43,591
TIME ON.

1163
00:54:43,591 --> 00:54:46,026
WITHIN THE FEMALE CATEGORY ALL 

1164
00:54:46,026 --> 00:54:47,595
THE ETHNIC GROUP DECREASE IN 

1165
00:54:47,595 --> 00:54:50,598
MINUTES OF SLEEP BETWEEN 2017 

1166
00:54:50,598 --> 00:54:52,533
AND 2022 EXCEPT FOR THOSE IN THE

1167
00:54:52,533 --> 00:54:54,402
OTHER GROUP AND THE BLACK 

1168
00:54:54,402 --> 00:54:55,803
CATEGORY WHERE WE SAW AN 

1169
00:54:55,803 --> 00:54:57,538
INCREASE IN MINUTES OF SLEEP TO 

1170
00:54:57,538 --> 00:54:58,906
THE 2020 AND 2022 EN THESE 

1171
00:54:58,906 --> 00:55:02,076
GROUPS OF WOMEN.

1172
00:55:02,076 --> 00:55:03,778
AND THEN WHITE WOMEN THAT'D MOST

1173
00:55:03,778 --> 00:55:05,513
MINUTES OF SLEEP OVER ALL 

1174
00:55:05,513 --> 00:55:06,080
CONSISTENT IN THE ACADEMIC 

1175
00:55:06,080 --> 00:55:09,350
LITERATURE.

1176
00:55:09,350 --> 00:55:12,319
AND BLACK AND HISPANIC AND ASIAN

1177
00:55:12,319 --> 00:55:15,022
AND OTHER WOMEN ALL HAD 

1178
00:55:15,022 --> 00:55:16,290
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT 

1179
00:55:16,290 --> 00:55:18,159
DECREASING TRAJECTORIES OF WOMEN

1180
00:55:18,159 --> 00:55:19,994
OF SLEEP COMPARED TO WHITE 

1181
00:55:19,994 --> 00:55:20,194
WOMEN.

1182
00:55:20,194 --> 00:55:22,129
THE LARGEST DIFFERENCE WAS 

1183
00:55:22,129 --> 00:55:23,831
BETWEEN BLACK AND WHAT WOMEN AND

1184
00:55:23,831 --> 00:55:28,769
ASIAN AND WHITE WOMEN THOUGH 

1185
00:55:28,769 --> 00:55:30,538
WE'RE USING THE PERSPECTIVE 

1186
00:55:30,538 --> 00:55:32,306
UPLIFTING THE INTERSECTION OF 

1187
00:55:32,306 --> 00:55:33,974
RACE AND GENDER THE DRIVER IN 

1188
00:55:33,974 --> 00:55:35,509
THE FIRST TWO SLIDES ARE BY THE 

1189
00:55:35,509 --> 00:55:40,781
BLACK AND ASIAN CATEGORIES.

1190
00:55:40,781 --> 00:55:42,750
AND WITHIN THE MAIL GROUP BLACK 

1191
00:55:42,750 --> 00:55:45,319
EXPERIENCE A DECREASE IN MINUTES

1192
00:55:45,319 --> 00:55:46,587
OF SLEEP COMPARED TO WHITE MALES

1193
00:55:46,587 --> 00:55:49,123
AND THEN IF WE'RE JUST LOOKING 

1194
00:55:49,123 --> 00:55:51,292
AT WITHIN RACE OVER ALL, BLACK 

1195
00:55:51,292 --> 00:55:53,894
MALES EXPERIENCE A DECREASE IN 

1196
00:55:53,894 --> 00:55:57,798
MINUTES OF SLEEP BY .15 FOR 

1197
00:55:57,798 --> 00:56:02,136
EVERY INCREASE IN CUBIC UNIT OF 

1198
00:56:02,136 --> 00:56:03,170
TIME AND EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT 

1199
00:56:03,170 --> 00:56:05,639
SLEEP THAN FEMALES.

1200
00:56:05,639 --> 00:56:06,941
AND OVER ALL COMPARED TO MALES 

1201
00:56:06,941 --> 00:56:09,777
OVER ALL, WOMEN OF THE SAME RACE

1202
00:56:09,777 --> 00:56:20,087
JUST SLEPT LONGER.

1203
00:56:21,222 --> 00:56:23,991
SO OUR HYPOTHESES WERE PARTIALLY

1204
00:56:23,991 --> 00:56:25,159
SUPPORTED AMONG RACIAL ETHNIC 

1205
00:56:25,159 --> 00:56:26,994
AND MINORITY MALES.

1206
00:56:26,994 --> 00:56:28,863
THEY HAD LESS MINUTES OF SLEEP 

1207
00:56:28,863 --> 00:56:30,498
COMPARED TO FEMALES AND WITHIN 

1208
00:56:30,498 --> 00:56:32,132
THE CATEGORY OF RACIAL GENDER 

1209
00:56:32,132 --> 00:56:33,267
MINORITY FEMALES THEY HAD LESS 

1210
00:56:33,267 --> 00:56:35,669
MINUTES OF SLEEP OVER ALL THAN 

1211
00:56:35,669 --> 00:56:37,071
WHITE FEMALES.

1212
00:56:37,071 --> 00:56:39,940
HOWEVER, WE KNOW THAT THERE ARE 

1213
00:56:39,940 --> 00:56:41,075
BIOLOGICAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN 

1214
00:56:41,075 --> 00:56:43,344
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND THERE

1215
00:56:43,344 --> 00:56:45,779
MIGHT BE SOME HINTS IN TERMS OF 

1216
00:56:45,779 --> 00:56:47,014
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

1217
00:56:47,014 --> 00:56:49,316
WE HAVE TO THINK MORE GENERALLY 

1218
00:56:49,316 --> 00:56:52,419
HOW THIS USING THE BASIC 

1219
00:56:52,419 --> 00:56:53,287
INTERACTION TERM POINTS TOWARDS 

1220
00:56:53,287 --> 00:56:53,888
THIS SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 

1221
00:56:53,888 --> 00:56:55,556
HEALTH FRAMEWORK.

1222
00:56:55,556 --> 00:57:01,762
SO BEYOND JUST LOOKING AT THESE 

1223
00:57:01,762 --> 00:57:06,100
DIFFERENCES THAT MIGHT BE HINTH 

1224
00:57:06,100 --> 00:57:08,402
AT SOME BIOLOGY WITHIN THE 

1225
00:57:08,402 --> 00:57:11,472
CATEGORY MUCH WOMEN AND MEN 

1226
00:57:11,472 --> 00:57:12,907
DISTINCT DIFFERENCE TO PAY 

1227
00:57:12,907 --> 00:57:13,941
ATTENTION TO AND MADE MORE 

1228
00:57:13,941 --> 00:57:15,743
VISIBLE BY DOING SO IN THIS KIND

1229
00:57:15,743 --> 00:57:16,777
OF PROCESS.

1230
00:57:16,777 --> 00:57:23,717
NOW WE CAN DO FUTURE WORK THAT 

1231
00:57:23,717 --> 00:57:25,152
FOCUSES ON THE ROLE OF RACISM 

1232
00:57:25,152 --> 00:57:30,190
AND DISCRIMINATION AND OTHER 

1233
00:57:30,190 --> 00:57:33,761
SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF HEALTH 

1234
00:57:33,761 --> 00:57:37,298
AND GETTING CLOSER TO THE 

1235
00:57:37,298 --> 00:57:39,233
TRAJECTORIES USING THE 

1236
00:57:39,233 --> 00:57:39,767
INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH.

1237
00:57:39,767 --> 00:57:41,669
WHAT DOES RESILIENCE HAVE TO DO 

1238
00:57:41,669 --> 00:57:43,203
WITH ANY OF THIS?

1239
00:57:43,203 --> 00:57:43,871
BASED ON THE CONVERSATION JUST 

1240
00:57:43,871 --> 00:57:49,176
NOW AND OVER ALL WE KNOW 

1241
00:57:49,176 --> 00:57:50,911
RESILIENCE CAN BE PROTECTIVE 

1242
00:57:50,911 --> 00:57:52,713
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT 

1243
00:57:52,713 --> 00:57:53,347
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AND 

1244
00:57:53,347 --> 00:57:53,881
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN 

1245
00:57:53,881 --> 00:57:56,850
GENERAL.

1246
00:57:56,850 --> 00:58:00,054
HOUR RESILIENCE CAN BE 

1247
00:58:00,054 --> 00:58:01,121
CONCEPTUALIZED IN A MYRIAD OF 

1248
00:58:01,121 --> 00:58:01,322
WAYS.

1249
00:58:01,322 --> 00:58:03,557
THE WORKING GROUP HAS DONE GREAT

1250
00:58:03,557 --> 00:58:05,259
WORK AND HAS HELPED ORGANIZE THE

1251
00:58:05,259 --> 00:58:06,827
FRAMEWORK THAT REALLY POINTS TO 

1252
00:58:06,827 --> 00:58:09,763
LOOKING AT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL, 

1253
00:58:09,763 --> 00:58:11,498
SOCIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL 

1254
00:58:11,498 --> 00:58:14,535
AND EVEN BIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE 

1255
00:58:14,535 --> 00:58:15,769
FACTORS THAT HELP BRING 

1256
00:58:15,769 --> 00:58:16,904
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH BACK TO 

1257
00:58:16,904 --> 00:58:17,204
HOMEOSTASIS.

1258
00:58:17,204 --> 00:58:19,940
I WANT TO PRESENT TO YOU IN 

1259
00:58:19,940 --> 00:58:21,775
ADDITION TO THIS TRAIT-LEVEL 

1260
00:58:21,775 --> 00:58:25,779
RESILIENCE WE TALK A LOT ABOUT 

1261
00:58:25,779 --> 00:58:27,314
IN PSYCHOLOGY AND THE SOCIAL 

1262
00:58:27,314 --> 00:58:28,315
SCIENCES WE CAN LOOK AT THE 

1263
00:58:28,315 --> 00:58:34,054
SOCIAL SAFETIES OF OUTCOME 

1264
00:58:34,054 --> 00:58:34,455
RESILIENCE.

1265
00:58:34,455 --> 00:58:39,393
SO RESOURCES USED TO COPE WITH 

1266
00:58:39,393 --> 00:58:40,694
RESILIENCE LIKE SOCIAL SUPPORT 

1267
00:58:40,694 --> 00:58:42,529
AND BEYOND THAT SOCIAL SAFETY 

1268
00:58:42,529 --> 00:58:45,399
REFERS TO THE CONSISTENT SOCIAL 

1269
00:58:45,399 --> 00:58:48,502
INCLUSION AND PROTECTION THAT 

1270
00:58:48,502 --> 00:58:51,905
CAN BE SEEN IN A RESILIENT 

1271
00:58:51,905 --> 00:58:52,172
MECHANISM.

1272
00:58:52,172 --> 00:58:53,240
>> YOU HAVE TWO-MINUTE
WARNING.

1273
00:58:53,240 --> 00:59:00,414
>> THANK YOU.

1274
00:59:00,414 --> 00:59:05,019
WE KNOW AN RECENT REVIEW THAT 

1275
00:59:05,019 --> 00:59:06,286
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL RESILIENCE, 

1276
00:59:06,286 --> 00:59:10,658
THEY WERE ALL VITALLY IMPORTANT 

1277
00:59:10,658 --> 00:59:12,693
TO SPEAKING ABOUT A LOWER 

1278
00:59:12,693 --> 00:59:13,761
ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME 

1279
00:59:13,761 --> 00:59:17,531
HOWEVER, RACE AND ETHNICITY AND 

1280
00:59:17,531 --> 00:59:19,900
GENDER CAN IMPACT CARDIOVASCULAR

1281
00:59:19,900 --> 00:59:20,634
HEALTH DRASTICALLY DIFFERENT.

1282
00:59:20,634 --> 00:59:25,773
FOR EXAMPLE, WE SEE IN A STUDY 

1283
00:59:25,773 --> 00:59:28,442
THAT RESILIENCE DID NOT 

1284
00:59:28,442 --> 00:59:31,879
ATTENUATE THE ASSOCIATION 

1285
00:59:31,879 --> 00:59:34,148
BETWEEN LIFE STRESS AND CVD RISK

1286
00:59:34,148 --> 00:59:36,383
AMONG BLACK WOMEN AND HOW CAN WE

1287
00:59:36,383 --> 00:59:36,884
THINK DIFFERENTLY ABOUT 

1288
00:59:36,884 --> 00:59:42,089
RESILIENCE?

1289
00:59:42,089 --> 00:59:45,759
I WANT TO LEAVE YOU WITH THE 

1290
00:59:45,759 --> 00:59:48,929
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK I'M WORK 

1291
00:59:48,929 --> 00:59:51,665
AT IN THE CARDIO METABOLIC 

1292
00:59:51,665 --> 00:59:54,034
BEHAVIORS THAT LOOK PARTICULARLY

1293
00:59:54,034 --> 00:59:57,304
AT SLEEP AS ONE OF THE 

1294
00:59:57,304 --> 00:59:58,872
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH OUTCOME 

1295
00:59:58,872 --> 00:59:59,306
VARIABLES.

1296
00:59:59,306 --> 01:00:03,043
AND HERE WE TAKE AN 

1297
01:00:03,043 --> 01:00:04,411
INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO 

1298
01:00:04,411 --> 01:00:05,279
INFORMATION IT'S RELATIONSHIP 

1299
01:00:05,279 --> 01:00:06,880
AND LOOK AT SOCIAL PROTECTIVE 

1300
01:00:06,880 --> 01:00:11,385
AND SOCIAL SAFETY.

1301
01:00:11,385 --> 01:00:12,820
THIS IS A COMPLEX SYSTEM.

1302
01:00:12,820 --> 01:00:16,123
AND WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO LEAVE 

1303
01:00:16,123 --> 01:00:19,359
YOU WITH IS THAT IDENTIFYING 

1304
01:00:19,359 --> 01:00:21,829
RESILIENCE FACTORS IN 

1305
01:00:21,829 --> 01:00:25,032
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND SLEEP 

1306
01:00:25,032 --> 01:00:26,467
ESPECIALLY USING INTERSECTIONAL 

1307
01:00:26,467 --> 01:00:27,167
FRAMEWORK IS COMPLEX.

1308
01:00:27,167 --> 01:00:29,303
SO WHAT WE'RE DOING IS 

1309
01:00:29,303 --> 01:00:30,637
STATISTICAL WORK IN THIS AREA 

1310
01:00:30,637 --> 01:00:33,173
AND WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD OUT 

1311
01:00:33,173 --> 01:00:36,009
THE THEORETICAL LINKAGES TO SHOW

1312
01:00:36,009 --> 01:00:37,544
HOW USING THE INTERSECTIONAL 

1313
01:00:37,544 --> 01:00:41,548
FRAMEWORK WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF 

1314
01:00:41,548 --> 01:00:42,950
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH 

1315
01:00:42,950 --> 01:00:45,219
AND THE SOCIAL PROTECTIVE 

1316
01:00:45,219 --> 01:00:46,386
FACTORS FEATURED IS REALLY 

1317
01:00:46,386 --> 01:00:46,987
IMPORTANT TO MOVING THE FIELD 

1318
01:00:46,987 --> 01:00:52,359
FORWARD.

1319
01:00:52,359 --> 01:00:54,094
SO THANK YOU SO MUCH AND PARDON 

1320
01:00:54,094 --> 01:00:55,763
THE INTERRUPTIONS FROM MY 

1321
01:00:55,763 --> 01:00:57,064
CHILDREN.

1322
01:00:57,064 --> 01:00:58,766
THAT'S THE WAY IT GOES SOMETIMES

1323
01:00:58,766 --> 01:01:01,168
AND LET ME KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY 

1324
01:01:01,168 --> 01:01:01,435
QUESTIONS.

1325
01:01:01,435 --> 01:01:02,603
MY E-MAIL'S RIGHT THERE.

1326
01:01:02,603 --> 01:01:03,871
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH WE
HAVE ALL

1327
01:01:03,871 --> 01:01:05,005
BEEN IN YOUR SHOES.

1328
01:01:05,005 --> 01:01:07,174
THAT WAS A WONDERFUL OVERVIEW I 

1329
01:01:07,174 --> 01:01:09,710
THINK OF THE IMPORTANCE OF 

1330
01:01:09,710 --> 01:01:10,711
SOCIAL DETERMINATES AND THE 

1331
01:01:10,711 --> 01:01:11,111
INTERSECTIONALITY.

1332
01:01:11,111 --> 01:01:12,813
I AGREE AND LOOK FORWARD TO TALK

1333
01:01:12,813 --> 01:01:13,447
MORE DURING THE Q&A SESSION
AT 

1334
01:01:13,447 --> 01:01:16,083
THE END OF THIS.

1335
01:01:16,083 --> 01:01:17,384
I'LL MOVE US AHEAD.

1336
01:01:17,384 --> 01:01:23,457
THE NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. JOSÉ 

1337
01:01:23,457 --> 01:01:28,328
ORDOVAS FROM TUFTS UNIVERSITY 

1338
01:01:28,328 --> 01:01:38,872
TALKING ABOUT INTEGRATING CROHNO

1339
01:01:42,910 --> 01:01:49,249
NUTRITION AND SLEEP A PATHWAY TO

1340
01:01:49,249 --> 01:01:50,117
ATHEROSCLEROSIS MANAGEMENT AND 

1341
01:01:50,117 --> 01:01:50,717
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

1342
01:01:50,717 --> 01:01:54,788
>> I DON'T HAVE CONFLICTS
OF 

1343
01:01:54,788 --> 01:01:55,088
INTEREST.

1344
01:01:55,088 --> 01:02:05,632
WHAT I'M GOING DO IS TALK ABOUT 

1345
01:02:12,906 --> 01:02:17,811
THE SLEEP RHYTHM.

1346
01:02:17,811 --> 01:02:19,847
AND SO IN TERMS OF THE 

1347
01:02:19,847 --> 01:02:22,683
DEFINITION OF CHRONONUTRITION 

1348
01:02:22,683 --> 01:02:24,084
INVOLVES THE TIMING OF FOOD 

1349
01:02:24,084 --> 01:02:26,653
INTAKE TO ALIGN WITH THE 

1350
01:02:26,653 --> 01:02:27,654
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM WHICH WILL 

1351
01:02:27,654 --> 01:02:29,556
CHANGE FROM ONE PERSON TO 

1352
01:02:29,556 --> 01:02:35,062
ANOTHER OPTIMIZING MELT  -- 

1353
01:02:35,062 --> 01:02:37,764
METABOLIC PROCESSES AND WILL 

1354
01:02:37,764 --> 01:02:48,308
BRING METABOLIC HEALTH AND AND 

1355
01:02:53,313 --> 01:02:53,814
INTERPLAY BETWEEN SLEEP AND 

1356
01:02:53,814 --> 01:03:03,991
ATTENTION.

1357
01:03:05,525 --> 01:03:08,729
AND JUST TO BRING OUT THE 

1358
01:03:08,729 --> 01:03:11,999
IMPORTANCE OF CHRONO BIOLOGY AND

1359
01:03:11,999 --> 01:03:16,403
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, AND FOR

1360
01:03:16,403 --> 01:03:18,105
EXAMPLE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS OR

1361
01:03:18,105 --> 01:03:20,707
IT DOES NOT TAKE PLACE IN THAT 

1362
01:03:20,707 --> 01:03:23,543
WAY AND TEND TO BE CONCENTRATED 

1363
01:03:23,543 --> 01:03:32,052
IN THE EARLY HOURS OF THE DAY.

1364
01:03:32,052 --> 01:03:35,756
IN THE MORNING IS THE 

1365
01:03:35,756 --> 01:03:38,725
PERSPECTIVE AND WE CAN WE CAN GO

1366
01:03:38,725 --> 01:03:42,062
FURTHER AND SEE HOW 

1367
01:03:42,062 --> 01:03:47,434
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE HAS AN 

1368
01:03:47,434 --> 01:03:56,276
IMPACT AND WE SEE EFFECTS BY 

1369
01:03:56,276 --> 01:03:59,246
MANY MEASURES AND SEE IN THE 

1370
01:03:59,246 --> 01:04:01,748
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE THE 

1371
01:04:01,748 --> 01:04:04,751
CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY 

1372
01:04:04,751 --> 01:04:08,021
INCREASES WITH TIME OR COLD 

1373
01:04:08,021 --> 01:04:11,458
WEATHER AND DECREASES IN THE 

1374
01:04:11,458 --> 01:04:16,863
SUMMERTIME OR WARMER WEATHER.

1375
01:04:16,863 --> 01:04:23,136
AND IF WE GO TO THE SOUTHERN 

1376
01:04:23,136 --> 01:04:25,772
HEMISPHERE WE SEE THE SAME THING

1377
01:04:25,772 --> 01:04:36,283
IN TERMS OF LIGHT AND RHYTHM.

1378
01:04:44,925 --> 01:04:47,961
AND RHYTHMS ARE IMPORTANT WHEN 

1379
01:04:47,961 --> 01:04:58,505
IT COMES CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

1380
01:05:03,276 --> 01:05:06,079
THIS IS A SLIDE WE SEE OVER AND 

1381
01:05:06,079 --> 01:05:10,384
OVER AND EVERY TIME OF THE DAY 

1382
01:05:10,384 --> 01:05:14,588
OUR HORMONE LEVELS ARE DIFFERENT

1383
01:05:14,588 --> 01:05:15,789
AND MOOD AN HORMONES AND OTHER 

1384
01:05:15,789 --> 01:05:25,932
FACTORS.

1385
01:05:31,304 --> 01:05:38,512
PART OF THE TIME IS OCCUPIED BY 

1386
01:05:38,512 --> 01:05:41,481
SLEEP BUT SLEEP IS DISRUPT 

1387
01:05:41,481 --> 01:05:43,316
SEVERAL TYPES AND ONE THAT IS 

1388
01:05:43,316 --> 01:05:49,756
THE ACTUAL JET LAG AND THE OTHER

1389
01:05:49,756 --> 01:05:57,130
ONE IS WORK IS DIFFERENT AND 

1390
01:05:57,130 --> 01:06:00,100
ALSO WHERE KIDS START SCHOOL 

1391
01:06:00,100 --> 01:06:04,871
HOURS TOO EARLY FOR THEIR NORMAL

1392
01:06:04,871 --> 01:06:11,044
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

1393
01:06:11,044 --> 01:06:21,555
AND WITHIN HOURS OF SLEEP AND 

1394
01:06:21,755 --> 01:06:27,260
OVERLAP AND THE ONE MARK IN RED.

1395
01:06:27,260 --> 01:06:30,931
THERE IS VARIETY AROUND THE 

1396
01:06:30,931 --> 01:06:32,399
WORLD.

1397
01:06:32,399 --> 01:06:34,134
THERE ARE PLACES LIKE 

1398
01:06:34,134 --> 01:06:35,402
SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES WHERE 

1399
01:06:35,402 --> 01:06:39,506
THEY HAVE DINNER BETWEEN 4:00 

1400
01:06:39,506 --> 01:06:40,807
AND 5:00 AND MY TYPICAL EXAMPLE 

1401
01:06:40,807 --> 01:06:42,642
IS MY HOME COUNTRY OF SPAIN 

1402
01:06:42,642 --> 01:06:45,645
WHERE THE TYPICAL HOURS OF 

1403
01:06:45,645 --> 01:06:47,481
HAVING DINNER IS BETWEEN 9:00 

1404
01:06:47,481 --> 01:06:49,916
AND 11:00 BUT YOU WILL SEE THE 

1405
01:06:49,916 --> 01:06:54,287
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD 

1406
01:06:54,287 --> 01:06:56,590
THEY HAVE DIFFERENT TIMES OF 

1407
01:06:56,590 --> 01:06:56,823
EATING.

1408
01:06:56,823 --> 01:07:01,761
THAT PERIOD OF SLEEP AND PERIOD 

1409
01:07:01,761 --> 01:07:04,231
IS DIFFERENT ACROSS THE WORLD 

1410
01:07:04,231 --> 01:07:07,834
AND IT'S INTERESTING TO SEE HOW 

1411
01:07:07,834 --> 01:07:09,769
THEY LINK TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

1412
01:07:09,769 --> 01:07:20,046
DISEASE OR RISK.

1413
01:07:22,649 --> 01:07:25,752
THOUGH WE THINK ABOUT THE 

1414
01:07:25,752 --> 01:07:27,921
CURRENT RHYTHMS AND KIRKED 

1415
01:07:27,921 --> 01:07:30,423
CLOCKS BEING TRAINED OR 

1416
01:07:30,423 --> 01:07:32,559
REGULATED BY SLIGHT, ALSO FOOD 

1417
01:07:32,559 --> 01:07:37,697
IS IMPORTANT.

1418
01:07:37,697 --> 01:07:48,108
NUTRITION IS IMPORTANT.

1419
01:07:51,511 --> 01:07:53,980
AND IT'S NOT LIGHT OR DARK BUT 

1420
01:07:53,980 --> 01:08:01,555
FOOD.

1421
01:08:01,555 --> 01:08:07,794
SO CROHRONONUTRITION HAS BEEN 

1422
01:08:07,794 --> 01:08:10,864
LINKED AND IF WE THINK OF THE 

1423
01:08:10,864 --> 01:08:13,633
MATERNAL MILK YOU WILL SEE HERE 

1424
01:08:13,633 --> 01:08:18,805
THE COMPOSITION OF THE MILK IS 

1425
01:08:18,805 --> 01:08:20,073
NOT HOMOGENEOUS ALONG THE DAY 

1426
01:08:20,073 --> 01:08:21,908
AND IT DEPENDS ON THE TIME OF 

1427
01:08:21,908 --> 01:08:22,075
DAY.

1428
01:08:22,075 --> 01:08:27,647
THE TIMING OF WHICH THE MOTHER 

1429
01:08:27,647 --> 01:08:31,918
IS TRAINING THE BABY IN 

1430
01:08:31,918 --> 01:08:33,386
CIRCADIAN AND THIS IS THE FIRST 

1431
01:08:33,386 --> 01:08:38,391
ENCOUNTER WITH THE REGULATION 

1432
01:08:38,391 --> 01:08:41,595
AND WE CAN SEE LIPIDS AND SO ON 

1433
01:08:41,595 --> 01:08:48,335
IN THE MATERNAL MILK.

1434
01:08:48,335 --> 01:08:56,443
AND WE HAVE ABANDONED THE 

1435
01:08:56,443 --> 01:08:58,445
PRACTICE RECENTLY ON FOR EXAMPLE

1436
01:08:58,445 --> 01:09:04,884
YOU CAN PROVIDE MATERNAL MILK 

1437
01:09:04,884 --> 01:09:09,856
BUT SOMETIMES MATERNAL MILK IS 

1438
01:09:09,856 --> 01:09:16,229
FROZEN FOR A LATER TIME BUT YOU 

1439
01:09:16,229 --> 01:09:17,831
DON'T PUT THE TIME OF DAY AND 

1440
01:09:17,831 --> 01:09:20,200
COULD BE PROVIDING THE BABY WITH

1441
01:09:20,200 --> 01:09:22,168
MILK THAT WAS FOR THE MORNING IN

1442
01:09:22,168 --> 01:09:29,743
THE NIGHT AND THAT COULD CONFUSE

1443
01:09:29,743 --> 01:09:35,348
THAT TRAINING OF THE CIRCADIAN 

1444
01:09:35,348 --> 01:09:44,524
RHYTHM.

1445
01:09:44,524 --> 01:09:48,528
THERE'S BEEN DEMONSTRATION FOR 

1446
01:09:48,528 --> 01:09:53,066
EVERY PARAMETER OF SLEEP BREAST 

1447
01:09:53,066 --> 01:09:54,901
MILK PERFORM MUCH BETTER THAN 

1448
01:09:54,901 --> 01:09:58,772
FORMULA IN TERMS OF OUR SLEEP 

1449
01:09:58,772 --> 01:10:04,077
AND LATENCY AND SO UPON -- ON.

1450
01:10:04,077 --> 01:10:07,180
IT'S IMPORTANT FOR MATERNAL 

1451
01:10:07,180 --> 01:10:10,283
NUTRITION AND IS PROBABLY THE 

1452
01:10:10,283 --> 01:10:15,989
FIRST ENCOUNTER OF THE BABY WITH

1453
01:10:15,989 --> 01:10:26,366
THAT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

1454
01:10:35,642 --> 01:10:38,278
AND IN THE CASE OF THE ELDERLY 

1455
01:10:38,278 --> 01:10:44,417
WE ALSO HAVE SLEEP DISTURBANCES 

1456
01:10:44,417 --> 01:10:46,986
AND LEADING TO RHYTHMS IN LIFE 

1457
01:10:46,986 --> 01:10:50,790
THEY CAN GET FLOODED IN THE 

1458
01:10:50,790 --> 01:10:56,196
ELDERLY WHICH MEANS THAT WE CAN 

1459
01:10:56,196 --> 01:10:58,231
TEND TO REMAIN AND HAVE GOOD 

1460
01:10:58,231 --> 01:10:58,798
QUALITY OF SLEEP DURING THE 

1461
01:10:58,798 --> 01:11:03,436
NIGHT.

1462
01:11:03,436 --> 01:11:08,742
AND THERE'S BEEN EXPERIMENTS 

1463
01:11:08,742 --> 01:11:12,412
LOOKING AT HOW SLEEP IMPROVE THE

1464
01:11:12,412 --> 01:11:15,815
QUALITY OF THE SLEEP IN THE 

1465
01:11:15,815 --> 01:11:16,082
ELDERLY.

1466
01:11:16,082 --> 01:11:18,151
SIMILARLY TO WHAT WE HAVE SEEN 

1467
01:11:18,151 --> 01:11:19,285
IN BABIES WITH THE MATERNAL 

1468
01:11:19,285 --> 01:11:29,396
MILK.

1469
01:11:30,230 --> 01:11:34,634
WE DON'T HAVE -- WE HAVE 

1470
01:11:34,634 --> 01:11:38,138
DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF EATING.

1471
01:11:38,138 --> 01:11:40,440
SOME PEOPLE EAT EARLY, SOME 

1472
01:11:40,440 --> 01:11:46,146
PEOPLE EAT LATE, SOME PEOPLE 

1473
01:11:46,146 --> 01:11:56,689
GRAZE ALL THE TIME AND THEN I'M 

1474
01:12:04,964 --> 01:12:11,404
GOING TO -- GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE 

1475
01:12:11,404 --> 01:12:15,375
ALSO HOW THE TIME OF EATING MAY 

1476
01:12:15,375 --> 01:12:20,113
HAVE INFLUENCED FACTORS 

1477
01:12:20,113 --> 01:12:20,780
ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR 

1478
01:12:20,780 --> 01:12:25,819
DISEASE AND THIS IS WORK IN 

1479
01:12:25,819 --> 01:12:28,221
COLLABORATION IN SPAIN THAT 

1480
01:12:28,221 --> 01:12:31,524
BROUGHT TO ME THE IMPETUS FOR 

1481
01:12:31,524 --> 01:12:34,894
CHRONONUTRITION AND SLEEP.

1482
01:12:34,894 --> 01:12:40,767
WHAT WE SEE HERE IS THAT IT'S A 

1483
01:12:40,767 --> 01:12:45,972
PROGRAM IN WHICH PEOPLE WANTED 

1484
01:12:45,972 --> 01:12:48,608
TO GROW AND THERE WAS 

1485
01:12:48,608 --> 01:12:49,742
MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND GROUP 

1486
01:12:49,742 --> 01:12:51,144
THERAPY AND SO FORTH AN THERE'S 

1487
01:12:51,144 --> 01:12:53,079
DIFFERENT PATTERNS.

1488
01:12:53,079 --> 01:12:57,217
SOME WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN 

1489
01:12:57,217 --> 01:12:57,584
OTHERS.

1490
01:12:57,584 --> 01:13:01,621
WHEN WE EXAMINE WHAT THESE 

1491
01:13:01,621 --> 01:13:04,457
PEOPLE WERE EATING AND THEY WERE

1492
01:13:04,457 --> 01:13:06,092
ABLE TO LOSE MORE WEIGHT THAN 

1493
01:13:06,092 --> 01:13:07,594
THE OTHERS AND THEY WERE EATING 

1494
01:13:07,594 --> 01:13:08,161
THE SAME THING.

1495
01:13:08,161 --> 01:13:11,531
THEY WERE DEVELOPING THE SAME 

1496
01:13:11,531 --> 01:13:14,133
LIFESTYLE PATTERN AND THERE WAS 

1497
01:13:14,133 --> 01:13:14,834
ONE DIFFERENCE.

1498
01:13:14,834 --> 01:13:17,136
THE TIME WHEN THEY WERE EATING 

1499
01:13:17,136 --> 01:13:21,274
THEIR MAIN MEAL OF THE DAY IN 

1500
01:13:21,274 --> 01:13:24,377
SPAIN AROUND MIDDAY.

1501
01:13:24,377 --> 01:13:29,549
SO WHAT HAPPENED IF YOU EAT YOUR

1502
01:13:29,549 --> 01:13:30,884
MAIN MEAL EARLY?

1503
01:13:30,884 --> 01:13:35,488
WE SAW THE PEOPLE WERE 

1504
01:13:35,488 --> 01:13:39,459
SUCCESSFUL IN LOSING WEIGHT.

1505
01:13:39,459 --> 01:13:42,161
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU EAT AFTER 

1506
01:13:42,161 --> 01:13:42,362
3:00?

1507
01:13:42,362 --> 01:13:43,863
THESE PEOPLE DESPITE THE FACT 

1508
01:13:43,863 --> 01:13:47,567
THEY WERE EATING THE SAME THING 

1509
01:13:47,567 --> 01:13:48,201
WERE LESS SUCCESSFUL IN LOSING 

1510
01:13:48,201 --> 01:13:50,703
WEIGHT.

1511
01:13:50,703 --> 01:13:56,543
TO THAT WE HAVE TO INCLUDE THAT 

1512
01:13:56,543 --> 01:14:03,216
THEY HAVE WORSE DIABETES AND THE

1513
01:14:03,216 --> 01:14:04,918
CHRONOTYPE WAS WORSE ALSO IN THE

1514
01:14:04,918 --> 01:14:09,756
CASE OF THE LATE EATING.

1515
01:14:09,756 --> 01:14:12,325
INTERESTING ALSO ONE OF THE MAIN

1516
01:14:12,325 --> 01:14:16,462
OR CENTRAL GENES THE FREQUENCY 

1517
01:14:16,462 --> 01:14:18,298
OF GENOTYPES WERE DIFFERENT.

1518
01:14:18,298 --> 01:14:20,033
THERE WAS A GENETIC COMPONENT 

1519
01:14:20,033 --> 01:14:26,673
EMBEDDED HERE.

1520
01:14:26,673 --> 01:14:30,643
WE COULD SAY AS A PUBLIC HEALTH 

1521
01:14:30,643 --> 01:14:32,111
MEASURE WE COULD ASK PEOPLE TO 

1522
01:14:32,111 --> 01:14:35,348
EAT EARLY BUT IN ADDITION TO 

1523
01:14:35,348 --> 01:14:38,184
CHRONONUTRITION, WE HAVE THE 

1524
01:14:38,184 --> 01:14:41,788
CONCEPT AND INTERVIEWED THE 

1525
01:14:41,788 --> 01:14:44,624
CONCEPT OF PRECISION 

1526
01:14:44,624 --> 01:14:45,758
CHRONONUTRITION PEOPLE EAT AT 

1527
01:14:45,758 --> 01:14:48,461
THE MOST OPTIMAL TIME TO KEEP 

1528
01:14:48,461 --> 01:14:50,897
THE CLOCKS IN BALANCE, CENTRAL 

1529
01:14:50,897 --> 01:14:53,266
AND PERIPHERAL CLOCKS AND SO 

1530
01:14:53,266 --> 01:14:53,533
FORTH.

1531
01:14:53,533 --> 01:14:55,268
LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS IN THE 

1532
01:14:55,268 --> 01:14:59,572
NEXT SLIDE WHEN WE INTRODUCE 

1533
01:14:59,572 --> 01:15:05,345
MORE.

1534
01:15:05,345 --> 01:15:08,247
THIS IS THE EXPERIMENT.

1535
01:15:08,247 --> 01:15:12,819
WE'RE GOING INTRODUCE THE 

1536
01:15:12,819 --> 01:15:16,389
CONCEPT OF PRECISION 

1537
01:15:16,389 --> 01:15:24,163
CHRONONUTRITION EARLY AND WE 

1538
01:15:24,163 --> 01:15:25,865
HAVE EXAMINED THIS IN THE 

1539
01:15:25,865 --> 01:15:30,870
CONTEXT OF OBESE.

1540
01:15:30,870 --> 01:15:37,810
WE HAVE FOUND IT'S ASSOCIATED 

1541
01:15:37,810 --> 01:15:41,748
WITH OBESITY AND ONE THING IS 

1542
01:15:41,748 --> 01:15:44,784
THAT HAS BEEN BROUGHT UP IF WE 

1543
01:15:44,784 --> 01:15:47,487
HAVE CONCLUSIONS THAT MAY NOT 

1544
01:15:47,487 --> 01:15:54,227
APPLY TO THE ENTIRE POPULATION.

1545
01:15:54,227 --> 01:16:00,133
MEANING MOST WERE BIFFED -- 

1546
01:16:00,133 --> 01:16:05,405
BASED ON THESE AND HOW DIFFERENT

1547
01:16:05,405 --> 01:16:08,074
THEY'RE ON AFRICAN AND ASIAN AND

1548
01:16:08,074 --> 01:16:09,742
WHATEVER INFORMATION WE INSTRUCT

1549
01:16:09,742 --> 01:16:13,746
HAS TO BE THROUGH ALSO THE 

1550
01:16:13,746 --> 01:16:15,214
RACIAL ETHNICITY.

1551
01:16:15,214 --> 01:16:16,949
LET'S GO TO THE RIGHT WHAT IS 

1552
01:16:16,949 --> 01:16:22,722
IMPORTANT HERE.

1553
01:16:22,722 --> 01:16:27,860
HERE IN THE POLYMORPHISM YOU CAN

1554
01:16:27,860 --> 01:16:30,963
BE AND LOOK HOW DIFFERENT IS THE

1555
01:16:30,963 --> 01:16:37,737
BEHAVIOR IN TERMS OF WEIGHT 

1556
01:16:37,737 --> 01:16:41,507
LOSS.

1557
01:16:41,507 --> 01:16:43,409
IF YOU ARE AN A IT DOESN'T 

1558
01:16:43,409 --> 01:16:45,044
MATTER THE TIME YOU EAT.

1559
01:16:45,044 --> 01:16:49,215
FROM THIS YOU CAN SEE YOU ARE 

1560
01:16:49,215 --> 01:16:52,051
RESILIENT TO THE EFFECT OF TIME 

1561
01:16:52,051 --> 01:16:53,720
OF EATING.

1562
01:16:53,720 --> 01:16:58,424
HOWEVER, IF YOU'RE ON A 

1563
01:16:58,424 --> 01:17:04,097
HOMOZYGOUS A YOU CAN SEE IT 

1564
01:17:04,097 --> 01:17:09,502
INCREASES THE EFFECT WE HAVE 

1565
01:17:09,502 --> 01:17:12,505
DEMONSTRATED IN WHICH WE EAT AND

1566
01:17:12,505 --> 01:17:13,005
CONTRIBUTES TO BE LESS 

1567
01:17:13,005 --> 01:17:17,610
SUCCESSFUL LOSING WEIGHT.

1568
01:17:17,610 --> 01:17:21,080
THIS IS A NICE EXAMPLE OF 

1569
01:17:21,080 --> 01:17:21,748
PRECISION CHRONONUTRITION IT AND

1570
01:17:21,748 --> 01:17:30,690
RESILIENCE.

1571
01:17:30,690 --> 01:17:35,962
I ALREADY MENTIONED THE CLOCK 

1572
01:17:35,962 --> 01:17:38,464
BEFORE AND IT WAS ASSOCIATED 

1573
01:17:38,464 --> 01:17:39,966
WITH THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND 

1574
01:17:39,966 --> 01:17:40,566
THERE'S A GROUP I MENTIONED 

1575
01:17:40,566 --> 01:17:42,368
BEFORE.

1576
01:17:42,368 --> 01:17:50,209
YOU CAN SEE DEPENDING ON THIS 

1577
01:17:50,209 --> 01:17:55,214
YOU EAT MORE CALORIES PER DAY 

1578
01:17:55,214 --> 01:17:59,418
AND IT RESULTS NOT ONLY IN 

1579
01:17:59,418 --> 01:18:05,424
INCREASE IN WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE 

1580
01:18:05,424 --> 01:18:09,862
BUT ELEVATED SLEEP AND WEIGHT 

1581
01:18:09,862 --> 01:18:12,965
AND IF YOU'RE LESS RESILIENT AND

1582
01:18:12,965 --> 01:18:16,769
HAVE AN INCREASE IN THE RISK OF 

1583
01:18:16,769 --> 01:18:19,772
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

1584
01:18:19,772 --> 01:18:20,573
LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 

1585
01:18:20,573 --> 01:18:24,644
AFRICAN AMERICAN, ASIANS AND IN 

1586
01:18:24,644 --> 01:18:28,014
SOME PLACES THIS GENES MAY BE 

1587
01:18:28,014 --> 01:18:30,316
MORE IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF 

1588
01:18:30,316 --> 01:18:35,855
NUTRITIONAL OR BEHAVIORAL 

1589
01:18:35,855 --> 01:18:40,693
RECOMMENDATIONS.

1590
01:18:40,693 --> 01:18:43,563
I'M GOING TALK ABOUT THE STUDY 

1591
01:18:43,563 --> 01:18:45,264
IN THE LONG-TERM INTERVENTION 

1592
01:18:45,264 --> 01:18:51,204
STUDY SEVEN YEARS.

1593
01:18:51,204 --> 01:18:55,741
WE LOOK AT LOW-FAT DIET.

1594
01:18:55,741 --> 01:19:00,046
A VERY IMPORTANT CONCEPT, VERY 

1595
01:19:00,046 --> 01:19:04,250
EASY TO ACQUIRE AS PART OF THE 

1596
01:19:04,250 --> 01:19:09,755
CHRONOTYPE ARE YOU AN OWL AND 

1597
01:19:09,755 --> 01:19:13,092
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

1598
01:19:13,092 --> 01:19:14,427
BECAUSE YOUR CHRONOTYPE VERY 

1599
01:19:14,427 --> 01:19:15,695
IMPORTANT WHEN IT COMES RISK 

1600
01:19:15,695 --> 01:19:21,334
FACTORS HERE IN THE STUDY WE SEE

1601
01:19:21,334 --> 01:19:23,236
THE MORNING TIME TEND TO HAVE 

1602
01:19:23,236 --> 01:19:24,904
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR THAT 

1603
01:19:24,904 --> 01:19:29,308
ARE MORE PROTECTIVE THAN THE 

1604
01:19:29,308 --> 01:19:31,878
EVENING TYPE AND THAT INCLUDES 

1605
01:19:31,878 --> 01:19:37,250
WAKE TIME AND BED TIME.

1606
01:19:37,250 --> 01:19:43,956
SO MEASURING THE EARLY PERSON OR

1607
01:19:43,956 --> 01:19:47,226
EVENING PERSON IS IMPORTANT WHEN

1608
01:19:47,226 --> 01:19:49,762
IT COMES TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

1609
01:19:49,762 --> 01:19:51,831
RESILIENCE AND OBVIOUSLY PART OF

1610
01:19:51,831 --> 01:19:52,999
THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM THAT WE 

1611
01:19:52,999 --> 01:19:57,036
WERE TALKING ABOUT.

1612
01:19:57,036 --> 01:19:59,605
>> TWO-MINUTE WARNING.

1613
01:19:59,605 --> 01:20:00,306
>> THANK YOU.

1614
01:20:00,306 --> 01:20:02,441
NEXT IS GENETICS.

1615
01:20:02,441 --> 01:20:09,749
YES, IN PART IT'S GENETIC AND 

1616
01:20:09,749 --> 01:20:16,689
BEING AN OWL OR LARK THE GENETIC

1617
01:20:16,689 --> 01:20:21,827
CONTRIBUTION IS INTERESTING TO 

1618
01:20:21,827 --> 01:20:25,331
SEE THE GENES THAT COME ARE MORE

1619
01:20:25,331 --> 01:20:27,266
IMPORTANT THAN THOSE THAN ARE 

1620
01:20:27,266 --> 01:20:33,306
EXPRESSED IN THE BRAIN AND TYPE.

1621
01:20:33,306 --> 01:20:39,111
CAN WE CHANGE THAT?

1622
01:20:39,111 --> 01:20:40,846
WE CAN CHANGE IT.

1623
01:20:40,846 --> 01:20:43,416
HERE WE HAVE AN EXAMPLE OF 

1624
01:20:43,416 --> 01:20:44,850
SOMETHING THAT WAS IMPOSED ON US

1625
01:20:44,850 --> 01:20:49,855
A FEW YEARS AGO THAT WAS THE 

1626
01:20:49,855 --> 01:20:51,524
CONFINEMENT DURING COVID.

1627
01:20:51,524 --> 01:21:00,599
THAT SENSE OF LIFESTYLE IN WHICH

1628
01:21:00,599 --> 01:21:02,601
OUR SLEEP HABIT AND EATING HABIT

1629
01:21:02,601 --> 01:21:05,871
CHANGED FOR THE WORSE WAS ENOUGH

1630
01:21:05,871 --> 01:21:11,410
TO CHANGE THE CHRONOTYPE OF THE 

1631
01:21:11,410 --> 01:21:12,845
INDIVIDUALS AND THEY SAID IN THE

1632
01:21:12,845 --> 01:21:17,984
TIME OF THE CONFINEMENT WE SAW 

1633
01:21:17,984 --> 01:21:19,685
AN INCREASE IN BODY MASS IN BODY

1634
01:21:19,685 --> 01:21:24,924
WEIGHT.

1635
01:21:24,924 --> 01:21:29,462
AND I COULD CONTINUE SAYING MORE

1636
01:21:29,462 --> 01:21:31,797
INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT THESE 

1637
01:21:31,797 --> 01:21:38,871
RELATIONSHIPS WITH NUTRITION AND

1638
01:21:38,871 --> 01:21:40,006
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

1639
01:21:40,006 --> 01:21:40,806
RESILIENCE BECAUSE OF THE TIME.

1640
01:21:40,806 --> 01:21:41,374
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR 

1641
01:21:41,374 --> 01:21:50,249
ATTENTION.

1642
01:21:50,249 --> 01:21:54,387
>> THANK YOU, DR. ORDOVAS.

1643
01:21:54,387 --> 01:21:55,921
SORRY I'M IN THE ABLE TO TURN MY

1644
01:21:55,921 --> 01:21:56,922
CAMERA ON.

1645
01:21:56,922 --> 01:21:59,925
WONDERFUL REVIEW OF PRECISION 

1646
01:21:59,925 --> 01:22:02,595
CHRONONUTRITION AND I THINK THAT

1647
01:22:02,595 --> 01:22:04,063
WILL FEED NICELY THAT OUR 

1648
01:22:04,063 --> 01:22:05,731
DISCUSSION SO I LOOK FORWARD TO 

1649
01:22:05,731 --> 01:22:06,732
NA AS WELL.

1650
01:22:06,732 --> 01:22:09,635
OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. PAMELA 

1651
01:22:09,635 --> 01:22:12,171
LUTSEY FROM UNIVERSITY OF 

1652
01:22:12,171 --> 01:22:13,472
MINNESOTA TALKING ON THE 

1653
01:22:13,472 --> 01:22:15,708
INTERSECTION OF AGING, SLEEP AND

1654
01:22:15,708 --> 01:22:16,242
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

1655
01:22:16,242 --> 01:22:20,413
PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY.

1656
01:22:20,413 --> 01:22:22,148
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY

1657
01:22:22,148 --> 01:22:23,816
TO SPEAK HERE TODAY.

1658
01:22:23,816 --> 01:22:25,785
THESE ARE NOT MY SLIDES YET.

1659
01:22:25,785 --> 01:22:29,255
CAN YOU PLEASE ADVANCE?

1660
01:22:29,255 --> 01:22:39,432
AND AGAIN.

1661
01:22:47,907 --> 01:22:49,642
I'LL TALK ABOUT THE INTERSECTION

1662
01:22:49,642 --> 01:22:55,247
OF AGING AND SLEEP RESILIENCE.

1663
01:22:55,247 --> 01:22:58,084
IN AGING WE'LL TALK ABOUT 

1664
01:22:58,084 --> 01:22:59,085
CHRONOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGE

1665
01:22:59,085 --> 01:23:01,087
AND FOR SLEEP WE'LL TALK ON 

1666
01:23:01,087 --> 01:23:05,024
SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND CIRCADIAN

1667
01:23:05,024 --> 01:23:05,891
RHYTHMS.

1668
01:23:05,891 --> 01:23:06,492
YOU CAN GO AHEAD TO THE NEXT 

1669
01:23:06,492 --> 01:23:13,566
ONE.

1670
01:23:13,566 --> 01:23:16,235
AGE IS A STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR 

1671
01:23:16,235 --> 01:23:17,736
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SO I 

1672
01:23:17,736 --> 01:23:21,740
WON'T TAKE TIME TO BELABOR THIS 

1673
01:23:21,740 --> 01:23:28,280
FURTHER.

1674
01:23:28,280 --> 01:23:29,648
AGING HAS IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS

1675
01:23:29,648 --> 01:23:32,051
WITH SLEEP ACROSS THE LIFE 

1676
01:23:32,051 --> 01:23:32,351
COURSE.

1677
01:23:32,351 --> 01:23:34,487
ONE EXAMPLE IS DISPLAYED IN THIS

1678
01:23:34,487 --> 01:23:36,922
FIGURE WHICH COMES FROM A 

1679
01:23:36,922 --> 01:23:38,891
META-ANALYSIS OF 65 STUDIES THAT

1680
01:23:38,891 --> 01:23:40,893
INCLUDED OVER 3500 PARTICIPANTS 

1681
01:23:40,893 --> 01:23:43,462
AND WHERE SLEEP ARCHITECTURE WAS

1682
01:23:43,462 --> 01:23:47,433
ASSESSED USING POLY SONOGRAPHY.

1683
01:23:47,433 --> 01:23:48,567
PARTICIPANTS IN THIS ANALYSIS 

1684
01:23:48,567 --> 01:23:52,271
WERE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 5 AND 

1685
01:23:52,271 --> 01:23:55,274
102 YEARS.

1686
01:23:55,274 --> 01:23:58,077
ON THE X AXIS 5 IS ON THE FAR 

1687
01:23:58,077 --> 01:24:00,079
LEFT AND 85 IS YEARS ON THE FAR 

1688
01:24:00,079 --> 01:24:00,279
RIGHT.

1689
01:24:00,279 --> 01:24:05,384
SO AGE IS ACROSS THE BOTTOM IN 

1690
01:24:05,384 --> 01:24:07,686
TIME IN SLEEP TIME IN MINUTES ON

1691
01:24:07,686 --> 01:24:08,754
THE Y AXIS.

1692
01:24:08,754 --> 01:24:13,459
FIRST IMPRESSIONS THERE'S A 

1693
01:24:13,459 --> 01:24:15,027
CLEAR DECLINE IN TOTAL TIME 

1694
01:24:15,027 --> 01:24:16,428
SLEEPING ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE 

1695
01:24:16,428 --> 01:24:17,329
HOWEVER, IT'S IMPORTANT TO TAKE 

1696
01:24:17,329 --> 01:24:27,573
A CLOSER LOOK.

1697
01:24:29,175 --> 01:24:30,809
I'VE SEPARATED OUT 

1698
01:24:30,809 --> 01:24:32,077
CHARACTERISTICS WITH SLEEP 

1699
01:24:32,077 --> 01:24:32,411
ARCHITECTURE.

1700
01:24:32,411 --> 01:24:33,812
IN THE TOP SECTION ABOVE THE 

1701
01:24:33,812 --> 01:24:37,550
BLUE LINE I ADDED IS SLEEP 

1702
01:24:37,550 --> 01:24:39,218
LATENCY THE AM OF TIME IT TAKES 

1703
01:24:39,218 --> 01:24:40,753
TO FALL ASLEEP AND THAT'S 

1704
01:24:40,753 --> 01:24:41,320
CONSISTENT ACROSS THE LIFE 

1705
01:24:41,320 --> 01:24:47,026
COURSE.

1706
01:24:47,026 --> 01:24:50,629
IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE BLUE LINE 

1707
01:24:50,629 --> 01:24:53,032
IS WAKE AFTER SLEEP ONSET IT 

1708
01:24:53,032 --> 01:24:54,567
INCREASES DRAMATICALLY WITH AGE.

1709
01:24:54,567 --> 01:24:57,803
OLDER INDIVIDUALS HAVE MORE 

1710
01:24:57,803 --> 01:25:03,509
AWAKENINGS DURING THE NIGHT.

1711
01:25:03,509 --> 01:25:05,544
WHEN YOU THINK OF TOTAL SLEEP 

1712
01:25:05,544 --> 01:25:07,246
TIME IT INCREASES MORE 

1713
01:25:07,246 --> 01:25:10,382
DRAMATICALLY IF YOU LOOK AT 

1714
01:25:10,382 --> 01:25:12,585
TRAJECTORY OF THE BLUE LINE THAN

1715
01:25:12,585 --> 01:25:14,587
THE FIGURE OVER ALL.

1716
01:25:14,587 --> 01:25:16,455
ANOTHER SPECIFIC ASPECT OF SLEEP

1717
01:25:16,455 --> 01:25:18,757
ARCHITECTURE I WANT TO CALL OUT 

1718
01:25:18,757 --> 01:25:20,459
ARE SLOW WAVE SLEEP SHOWN BELOW 

1719
01:25:20,459 --> 01:25:23,896
THE BLUE LINE IN BLACK HERE AND 

1720
01:25:23,896 --> 01:25:26,865
AS YOU CAN SEE THAT DECREASES 

1721
01:25:26,865 --> 01:25:27,466
DRAMATICALLY ACROSS THE LIFE 

1722
01:25:27,466 --> 01:25:35,374
COURSE.

1723
01:25:35,374 --> 01:25:38,344
NOTE SURPRISING SLEEP COMPLAINTS

1724
01:25:38,344 --> 01:25:39,511
ARE RELATIVELY COMMON AMONG 

1725
01:25:39,511 --> 01:25:43,482
OLDER ADULTS.

1726
01:25:43,482 --> 01:25:46,185
40% TO 70% OLDER ADULTS REPORT 

1727
01:25:46,185 --> 01:25:49,755
SLEEP PROBLEMS AND INSOMNIA AND 

1728
01:25:49,755 --> 01:25:52,591
DAYTIME SLEEPINESS ARE THE MOST 

1729
01:25:52,591 --> 01:25:54,460
COMMON SLEEP COMPLAINTS AND DATA

1730
01:25:54,460 --> 01:25:59,698
SHOW 46% OF ADULTS 65 TO 74 

1731
01:25:59,698 --> 01:26:04,436
YEARS REPORT INSOMNIA AND 75 TO 

1732
01:26:04,436 --> 01:26:14,813
84 YEARS REACHES 50%.

1733
01:26:19,785 --> 01:26:25,724
SOME CHANGES ARE NORMAL.

1734
01:26:25,724 --> 01:26:26,692
THERE ARE OTHER FACTORS MORE 

1735
01:26:26,692 --> 01:26:31,997
COMMON IN OLDER ADULTS THAT CAN 

1736
01:26:31,997 --> 01:26:33,732
EXACERBATE THE SITUATION BY 

1737
01:26:33,732 --> 01:26:34,667
SLEEP ARCHITECTURE.

1738
01:26:34,667 --> 01:26:36,702
SOME ARE PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS 

1739
01:26:36,702 --> 01:26:39,138
LIKE ARTHRITIS, DIGESTIVE 

1740
01:26:39,138 --> 01:26:42,941
DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE AND 

1741
01:26:42,941 --> 01:26:45,377
OLDER ADULTS ARE LIKELY TO TAKE 

1742
01:26:45,377 --> 01:26:48,914
MEDICATIONS AND DEPRESSANTS AND 

1743
01:26:48,914 --> 01:26:49,748
STIMULANTS HAVE IMPACT AND 

1744
01:26:49,748 --> 01:26:52,351
SUBSTANCE USE AND DEPRESSION OR 

1745
01:26:52,351 --> 01:26:53,786
ANXIETY AND EVEN PSYCHOSOCIAL 

1746
01:26:53,786 --> 01:26:56,188
FACTORS SUCH AS WAKING UP TO 

1747
01:26:56,188 --> 01:26:58,891
HELP IF YOU'RE IN A CAREGIVING 

1748
01:26:58,891 --> 01:27:01,260
ROLE TO HELP SOMEONE ELSE CAN 

1749
01:27:01,260 --> 01:27:01,794
INFLUENCE SLEEP IN OLDER 

1750
01:27:01,794 --> 01:27:08,067
INDIVIDUALS.

1751
01:27:08,067 --> 01:27:09,735
SIMILARLY OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP 

1752
01:27:09,735 --> 01:27:11,003
APNEA PREVALENCE IS KNOWN TO 

1753
01:27:11,003 --> 01:27:15,341
CHANGE WITH AGE AND OSA RELATE 

1754
01:27:15,341 --> 01:27:16,809
TO INTERMEDIATE AND PAUSES IN 

1755
01:27:16,809 --> 01:27:18,477
BREATHING DURING SLEEP.

1756
01:27:18,477 --> 01:27:21,313
DATA ARE FROM THE SLEEP HEART 

1757
01:27:21,313 --> 01:27:21,680
STUDY.

1758
01:27:21,680 --> 01:27:24,316
AGE IS ON THE Y AXIS FROM 35 TO 

1759
01:27:24,316 --> 01:27:27,886
85 YEARS AND PREVALENCE OF AGE 

1760
01:27:27,886 --> 01:27:29,755
ARE GREATER THAN GREATER THAN 

1761
01:27:29,755 --> 01:27:32,691
15, MODERATE OR SEVERE SLEEP 

1762
01:27:32,691 --> 01:27:33,826
APNEA ON THE Y AXIS.

1763
01:27:33,826 --> 01:27:35,027
YOU SEE AN INCREASE IN THE 

1764
01:27:35,027 --> 01:27:38,364
PREVALENCE OF OSA UNTIL ABOUT 65

1765
01:27:38,364 --> 01:27:48,774
YEARS WHERE IT PLATEAUS.

1766
01:27:49,675 --> 01:27:52,044
WE'VE TALKED ABOUT HOW SLEEP AND

1767
01:27:52,044 --> 01:27:54,380
AGE WHAT SORTS OF PATTERNS YOU 

1768
01:27:54,380 --> 01:27:54,780
SEE.

1769
01:27:54,780 --> 01:27:56,915
HOWEVER, THERE'S ALSO EVIDENCE 

1770
01:27:56,915 --> 01:27:59,118
THAT SLEEP OR FORCED SLEEP MAY 

1771
01:27:59,118 --> 01:28:01,754
HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON 

1772
01:28:01,754 --> 01:28:06,525
BIOLOGICAL AGING.

1773
01:28:06,525 --> 01:28:08,827
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT AGING, WE 

1774
01:28:08,827 --> 01:28:11,430
THINK IT AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL 

1775
01:28:11,430 --> 01:28:13,265
DISTURBANCE LEADING TO GREATER 

1776
01:28:13,265 --> 01:28:14,833
FUNCTIONAL DECLINE AND INCREASE 

1777
01:28:14,833 --> 01:28:15,634
OF DEATH.

1778
01:28:15,634 --> 01:28:17,736
HOWEVER, INDIVIDUALS WITH THE 

1779
01:28:17,736 --> 01:28:20,239
SAME CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OR SAME 

1780
01:28:20,239 --> 01:28:23,008
YEARS OF BEING ALIVE CAN HAVE 

1781
01:28:23,008 --> 01:28:23,776
DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS 

1782
01:28:23,776 --> 01:28:28,347
AND THIS CAN BE REFERRED TO AS 

1783
01:28:28,347 --> 01:28:30,716
BIOLOGICAL AGING.

1784
01:28:30,716 --> 01:28:33,452
SO TO PUT IT SIMPLY, 

1785
01:28:33,452 --> 01:28:35,487
CHRONOLOGICAL AGING REFERS TO 

1786
01:28:35,487 --> 01:28:37,756
THE NUMBER OF YEARS SINCE BIRTH 

1787
01:28:37,756 --> 01:28:40,392
AND BIOLOGICAL AGING REFERS TO 

1788
01:28:40,392 --> 01:28:45,764
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES THAT OCCURS 

1789
01:28:45,764 --> 01:28:50,469
IN THE CELLS.

1790
01:28:50,469 --> 01:28:53,038
AGE ACCELERATION IS AN IMPORTANT

1791
01:28:53,038 --> 01:28:57,776
CONCEPT AND THIS IS THE 

1792
01:28:57,776 --> 01:29:03,282
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN AGE AND 

1793
01:29:03,282 --> 01:29:06,118
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS AN THIS SHOWS

1794
01:29:06,118 --> 01:29:08,120
BIOLOGICAL AGE ON THE Y AND THE 

1795
01:29:08,120 --> 01:29:11,523
DOTTED LINE ABOVE THE SOLID 

1796
01:29:11,523 --> 01:29:15,093
DIAGONAL LINE INDICATES AGE 

1797
01:29:15,093 --> 01:29:15,527
ACCELERATION.

1798
01:29:15,527 --> 01:29:17,830
AN INDIVIDUAL THERE WOULD HAVE 

1799
01:29:17,830 --> 01:29:22,434
GREATER BIOLOGICAL AGE RELATIVE 

1800
01:29:22,434 --> 01:29:23,168
TO THEIR ACTUAL CHRONOLOGICAL 

1801
01:29:23,168 --> 01:29:28,207
AGE.

1802
01:29:28,207 --> 01:29:29,808
THERE ARE MANY PATHWAYS THROUGH 

1803
01:29:29,808 --> 01:29:33,278
WHICH POOR SLEEP MAY IMPACT 

1804
01:29:33,278 --> 01:29:36,448
BIOLOGICAL AGING SOME ARE 

1805
01:29:36,448 --> 01:29:40,285
RELATED TO DNA DAMAGE, TELOMERE 

1806
01:29:40,285 --> 01:29:50,762
SHORTENING AND MYOCON DRIAL 

1807
01:29:53,999 --> 01:29:57,836
FUNCTIONING AND THE NEXT FEW 

1808
01:29:57,836 --> 01:29:59,771
SLIDES I'LL TALK ABOUT SOME DATA

1809
01:29:59,771 --> 01:30:01,673
IN HUMANS RELATING TO THE FIRST 

1810
01:30:01,673 --> 01:30:11,316
THROW PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED.

1811
01:30:11,316 --> 01:30:18,223
SOME RELATE TO SLEEP APNEA MAY 

1812
01:30:18,223 --> 01:30:20,859
HAVE REPETITIVE AROUSALS AND 

1813
01:30:20,859 --> 01:30:22,861
SLEEP FRAGMENTATION AND THESE 

1814
01:30:22,861 --> 01:30:25,831
ARE THOUGHT TO SIMULATE 

1815
01:30:25,831 --> 01:30:27,533
OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION 

1816
01:30:27,533 --> 01:30:30,402
AND SYMPATHETIC STRESS AND 

1817
01:30:30,402 --> 01:30:32,638
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION.

1818
01:30:32,638 --> 01:30:35,073
SO THE FIRST DATA I'M SHOWING 

1819
01:30:35,073 --> 01:30:39,177
FROM THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF 

1820
01:30:39,177 --> 01:30:39,778
ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

1821
01:30:39,778 --> 01:30:41,113
THERE ARE TWO PAPERS USING MAY 

1822
01:30:41,113 --> 01:30:43,582
TA DATA I'LL SHARE.

1823
01:30:43,582 --> 01:30:48,287
BOTH INCLUDE A CROSS-SECTIONAL 

1824
01:30:48,287 --> 01:30:50,389
ANALYSIS OF 600 TO 700 

1825
01:30:50,389 --> 01:30:51,290
INDIVIDUALS AND THE PARTICIPANTS

1826
01:30:51,290 --> 01:30:53,792
HAD A MEAN AGE OF 69 YEARS WITH 

1827
01:30:53,792 --> 01:31:04,136
A RANGE OF 45 TO 93.

1828
01:31:06,972 --> 01:31:09,474
THE FIRST STUDY FOUND SLEEP 

1829
01:31:09,474 --> 01:31:12,778
APNEA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 

1830
01:31:12,778 --> 01:31:15,714
SHORTER LEUKOCYTE TELOMERE LINK.

1831
01:31:15,714 --> 01:31:20,619
ON THE Y IS THE LEUKOCYTE 

1832
01:31:20,619 --> 01:31:21,587
TELOMERE LINK AND REPRESENT 

1833
01:31:21,587 --> 01:31:24,122
DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SLEEP 

1834
01:31:24,122 --> 01:31:24,323
APNEA.

1835
01:31:24,323 --> 01:31:28,660
DARK GRAY AND MODERATE IN LIGHT 

1836
01:31:28,660 --> 01:31:31,229
GRAY AND THEN THE ZEBRA DIAGONAL

1837
01:31:31,229 --> 01:31:34,199
STRIPPED BAR SHOWS SEVERE SLEEP 

1838
01:31:34,199 --> 01:31:35,500
APNEA.

1839
01:31:35,500 --> 01:31:39,338
INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE SLEEP 

1840
01:31:39,338 --> 01:31:42,207
APNEA HAS SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER 

1841
01:31:42,207 --> 01:31:42,841
TELOMERES IN THE CROSS SECTIONAL

1842
01:31:42,841 --> 01:31:47,546
ANALYSIS.

1843
01:31:47,546 --> 01:31:58,090
THE OTHER PAPER FOUND A HIGHER 

1844
01:31:58,590 --> 01:32:00,559
HYPONEA INDEX WERE ASSOCIATED 

1845
01:32:00,559 --> 01:32:02,394
WITH HIGHER EPIGENETIC AGE AND 

1846
01:32:02,394 --> 01:32:04,129
THERE WASN'T A CLEAR EXPLANATION

1847
01:32:04,129 --> 01:32:14,606
WHY IT WAS HIGHER IN WOMEN.

1848
01:32:15,374 --> 01:32:19,011
AND THE INITIATIVE LOOKED AT 

1849
01:32:19,011 --> 01:32:20,812
INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS IN AN ANALYSIS

1850
01:32:20,812 --> 01:32:22,547
CROSS-SECTIONAL AGAIN OF ABOUT 

1851
01:32:22,547 --> 01:32:31,189
2,000 WOMAN WITHIN THE AGMEAN A 

1852
01:32:31,189 --> 01:32:34,526
OF 69 YEARS AND INSOMNIA 

1853
01:32:34,526 --> 01:32:36,094
SYMPTOMS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 

1854
01:32:36,094 --> 01:32:39,898
LATE DIFFERENTIATED T CELLS 

1855
01:32:39,898 --> 01:32:41,066
FOCUSSING ON AGE ACCELERATION IN

1856
01:32:41,066 --> 01:32:44,770
THE FIGURE, YOU SEE AGE 

1857
01:32:44,770 --> 01:32:47,873
ACCELERATION ON THE Y AXIS AND 

1858
01:32:47,873 --> 01:32:49,741
THEN YOU CAN LOOK COMPARED TO 

1859
01:32:49,741 --> 01:32:53,078
INDIVIDUALS WITH NO INSOMNIA 

1860
01:32:53,078 --> 01:32:56,848
SYMPTOMS, THOSE WITH 1 TO 2 OR 3

1861
01:32:56,848 --> 01:33:00,385
IT 4 HAD ABOUT A ONE-YEAR 

1862
01:33:00,385 --> 01:33:01,953
ACCELERATION IN EPIGENETIC AGING

1863
01:33:01,953 --> 01:33:04,523
AND THOSE WITH FIVE SYMPTOMS HAD

1864
01:33:04,523 --> 01:33:06,958
ABOUT A 1.8 YEAR ACCELERATION IN

1865
01:33:06,958 --> 01:33:17,269
EPIGENETIC AGING.

1866
01:33:22,207 --> 01:33:25,777
THEY LOOKED AT SHORT SLEEP 

1867
01:33:25,777 --> 01:33:27,579
DURATION AND IT HAD NO 

1868
01:33:27,579 --> 01:33:28,980
ASSOCIATION WITH THE T CELLS.

1869
01:33:28,980 --> 01:33:31,850
AS MENTIONED EARLIER, IMMUNITY 

1870
01:33:31,850 --> 01:33:34,953
AND INFECTION IS ANOTHER PATHWAY

1871
01:33:34,953 --> 01:33:39,357
WHICH MAY LINK AGE, SLEEP AND 

1872
01:33:39,357 --> 01:33:40,358
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

1873
01:33:40,358 --> 01:33:42,761
WE KNOW THAT AGING AND POOR 

1874
01:33:42,761 --> 01:33:45,764
SLEEP ARE BOTH ADVERSELY 

1875
01:33:45,764 --> 01:33:50,302
ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNITY AND 

1876
01:33:50,302 --> 01:33:51,803
INFLAMMATION AND INDIVIDUALS 

1877
01:33:51,803 --> 01:33:56,975
WITH OSA ARE LIKELY TO 

1878
01:33:56,975 --> 01:33:58,176
EXPERIENCES SILENT EXAS 

1879
01:33:58,176 --> 01:34:05,951
PAIRATIONS AND LIKELY TO HAVE 

1880
01:34:05,951 --> 01:34:07,652
GASTROINTESTINAL REFLEX 

1881
01:34:07,652 --> 01:34:08,453
POTENTIAL LEADING TO ORGANISMS 

1882
01:34:08,453 --> 01:34:10,756
IN THE AIRWAYS.

1883
01:34:10,756 --> 01:34:12,924
SO FAIRLY RECENTLY WE DAYEDED TO

1884
01:34:12,924 --> 01:34:15,327
EVALUATE WHETHER SEVERE OSA WAS 

1885
01:34:15,327 --> 01:34:17,062
ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF 

1886
01:34:17,062 --> 01:34:20,165
DEVELOPING PNEUMONIA IN THE 

1887
01:34:20,165 --> 01:34:21,733
CONTEXT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS 

1888
01:34:21,733 --> 01:34:23,068
STUDY.

1889
01:34:23,068 --> 01:34:24,870
INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE OSA WERE

1890
01:34:24,870 --> 01:34:29,875
AT 90% GREATER RISK OF PNEUMONIA

1891
01:34:29,875 --> 01:34:32,277
AND DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP 

1892
01:34:32,277 --> 01:34:35,580
WHEREBY THOSE WITH SEVERE OSA 

1893
01:34:35,580 --> 01:34:44,689
WERE AT GREATEST RISK OF 

1894
01:34:44,689 --> 01:34:48,059
PNEUMONIA DEPICTED ON THE RIGHT.

1895
01:34:48,059 --> 01:34:51,463
AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AS WAS 

1896
01:34:51,463 --> 01:34:56,735
MENTIONED IN THE PRIOR LECTURE 

1897
01:34:56,735 --> 01:34:58,303
ALSO CHANGE WITH AGE.

1898
01:34:58,303 --> 01:35:01,306
AND WHAT WE SEE IS THAT AS AN 

1899
01:35:01,306 --> 01:35:02,741
INDIVIDUALS AGE THERE TENDS TO 

1900
01:35:02,741 --> 01:35:06,545
BE A SHIFT IN PREFERENCE TOWARDS

1901
01:35:06,545 --> 01:35:10,448
MORNING CHRONOTYPE AND OLDER 

1902
01:35:10,448 --> 01:35:13,118
ADULTS PREFERRING BED TIMES ONE 

1903
01:35:13,118 --> 01:35:13,952
TO TWO HOURS EARLIER THAN 

1904
01:35:13,952 --> 01:35:15,520
YOUNGER ADULTS AND NOT ALL THIS 

1905
01:35:15,520 --> 01:35:18,089
IS PATHOLOGICAL BUT IT CAN BE 

1906
01:35:18,089 --> 01:35:19,524
AND ADVANCED SYNDROME DISORDERS 

1907
01:35:19,524 --> 01:35:22,928
MORE COMMON IN OLDER ADULTS NOW 

1908
01:35:22,928 --> 01:35:24,329
THERE'S SEVERAL FACTORS 

1909
01:35:24,329 --> 01:35:27,432
UNDERLYING AGE-RELATED SHIFTS IN

1910
01:35:27,432 --> 01:35:27,933
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS.

1911
01:35:27,933 --> 01:35:31,703
SOME INCLUDE DECREASES IN 

1912
01:35:31,703 --> 01:35:34,172
MELATONIN SECRETION AND 

1913
01:35:34,172 --> 01:35:35,407
METABOLIC AND TEMPERATURE 

1914
01:35:35,407 --> 01:35:36,575
RHYTHMS, CHANGES IN THE 

1915
01:35:36,575 --> 01:35:37,843
CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENE EXPRESSION 

1916
01:35:37,843 --> 01:35:40,812
AND ALSO A REDUCED SENSITIVITY 

1917
01:35:40,812 --> 01:35:41,546
TO ENVIRONMENTAL CUES THAT 

1918
01:35:41,546 --> 01:35:43,381
TRIGGER WHEN WE SHOULD GO TO 

1919
01:35:43,381 --> 01:35:49,487
SLEEP OR NOT SUCH AS LIGHT.

1920
01:35:49,487 --> 01:35:55,193
SO THINKING SPECIFICALLY ABOUT 

1921
01:35:55,193 --> 01:35:58,063
AGE-RELATED LATE AND POTENTIAL 

1922
01:35:58,063 --> 01:35:59,164
IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

1923
01:35:59,164 --> 01:36:02,434
RESILIENCE, WE SEE THAT AS 

1924
01:36:02,434 --> 01:36:03,301
PEOPLE AGE THERE TENDS TO BE 

1925
01:36:03,301 --> 01:36:07,539
LENS YELLOWING WHICH REDUCES 

1926
01:36:07,539 --> 01:36:09,307
SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT AND THE 

1927
01:36:09,307 --> 01:36:11,943
DEGREE OF DENSE YELLOWING HAS 

1928
01:36:11,943 --> 01:36:12,944
BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP 

1929
01:36:12,944 --> 01:36:15,847
DISTURBANCES IN OLDER ADULTS.

1930
01:36:15,847 --> 01:36:18,316
ADDITIONALLY INDIVIDUALS WITH 

1931
01:36:18,316 --> 01:36:21,953
CATARACTS TEND TO HAVE POORER 

1932
01:36:21,953 --> 01:36:24,890
SLEEP QUALITY RELATIVE TO THOSE 

1933
01:36:24,890 --> 01:36:27,025
WITHOUT CATARACTS.

1934
01:36:27,025 --> 01:36:32,297
THERE'S BEEN STUDY LOOKING AT 

1935
01:36:32,297 --> 01:36:34,900
THOSE WITH CATARACT STUDY BUT 

1936
01:36:34,900 --> 01:36:36,434
THEY'VE BEEN INCONCLUSIVE TO 

1937
01:36:36,434 --> 01:36:39,137
DATE.

1938
01:36:39,137 --> 01:36:40,438
THERE'S SEVERAL PATHWAYS TO 

1939
01:36:40,438 --> 01:36:43,541
WHICH THIS CAN HAPPEN.

1940
01:36:43,541 --> 01:36:45,377
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ARE KNOWN TO 

1941
01:36:45,377 --> 01:36:48,914
IMPACT THE CORTEX AND THEREFORE 

1942
01:36:48,914 --> 01:36:51,917
COULD HAVE A ROLE ON COGNITIVE 

1943
01:36:51,917 --> 01:36:54,185
FUNCTIONS AND ALSO IT'S INVOLVED

1944
01:36:54,185 --> 01:36:55,754
WITH METABOLISM THROUGH ACTIONS 

1945
01:36:55,754 --> 01:36:57,822
ON THE LIVER, KIDNEY AND 

1946
01:36:57,822 --> 01:37:00,592
PANCREAS AND ADDITIONALLY IT HAS

1947
01:37:00,592 --> 01:37:01,793
ASSOCIATIONS WITH IMMUNITY AND 

1948
01:37:01,793 --> 01:37:02,127
INFLAMMATION.

1949
01:37:02,127 --> 01:37:04,763
SO ALL OF THESE PATHWAYS MAY 

1950
01:37:04,763 --> 01:37:09,768
COME TOGETHER RESULTING IN 

1951
01:37:09,768 --> 01:37:12,971
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS HAVING A ROLE 

1952
01:37:12,971 --> 01:37:13,972
IN RELATION TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

1953
01:37:13,972 --> 01:37:19,778
RESILIENCE IN OLDER POPULATIONS.

1954
01:37:19,778 --> 01:37:21,646
SO TO BRING IT TOGETHER THERE'S 

1955
01:37:21,646 --> 01:37:24,349
CLEAR SECTIONS BETWEEN AGING, 

1956
01:37:24,349 --> 01:37:24,883
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

1957
01:37:24,883 --> 01:37:26,318
RESILIENCE.

1958
01:37:26,318 --> 01:37:29,054
AND THAT'S BEEN DEMONSTRATED 

1959
01:37:29,054 --> 01:37:30,555
EVEN WITH THE MOST DESCRIPTIVE 

1960
01:37:30,555 --> 01:37:33,191
DATA SHOWING THE CHANGES IN 

1961
01:37:33,191 --> 01:37:35,060
AGING THAT OCCUR WITH SLEEP AND 

1962
01:37:35,060 --> 01:37:45,403
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

1963
01:37:52,844 --> 01:37:54,779
THIS IS A STATEMENT PUBLISHED IN

1964
01:37:54,779 --> 01:37:56,081
2024 I WAS VICE CHAIR WHERE WE 

1965
01:37:56,081 --> 01:37:57,649
LOOKED AT THE IMPACT OF SLEEP 

1966
01:37:57,649 --> 01:38:02,754
DISORDERS AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES

1967
01:38:02,754 --> 01:38:03,989
ON BRAIN HEALTH.

1968
01:38:03,989 --> 01:38:07,292
AND IN THE FIGURE FROM THE PAPER

1969
01:38:07,292 --> 01:38:10,395
YOU SEE MANY PATHWAYS WE'VE BEEN

1970
01:38:10,395 --> 01:38:12,864
TALKING ABOUT RELATING TO 

1971
01:38:12,864 --> 01:38:13,498
CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISEASE OR 

1972
01:38:13,498 --> 01:38:21,773
HEALTH.

1973
01:38:21,773 --> 01:38:23,641
HIGHER INFLAMMATION WITH HIGHER 

1974
01:38:23,641 --> 01:38:23,975
DISORDERS.

1975
01:38:23,975 --> 01:38:25,777
HOWEVER, THERE ARE OTHER 

1976
01:38:25,777 --> 01:38:27,946
PATHWAYS THAT LINK DIRECTLY 

1977
01:38:27,946 --> 01:38:29,481
POTENTIALLY TO ALZHEIMER'S 

1978
01:38:29,481 --> 01:38:34,185
DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS.

1979
01:38:34,185 --> 01:38:36,621
SO IN SUM, I THINK THERE ARE 

1980
01:38:36,621 --> 01:38:39,858
CLEAR INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN AGE,

1981
01:38:39,858 --> 01:38:40,892
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

1982
01:38:40,892 --> 01:38:42,494
RESILIENCE AND I BELIEVE 

1983
01:38:42,494 --> 01:38:43,862
RIGOROUS RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO 

1984
01:38:43,862 --> 01:38:45,296
EVALUATE WHETHER TREATMENT OF 

1985
01:38:45,296 --> 01:38:47,565
SLEEP DISORDERS AND OPTIMIZING 

1986
01:38:47,565 --> 01:38:55,874
SLEEP HIYGIENE CAN IMPROVING 

1987
01:38:55,874 --> 01:39:00,211
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

1988
01:39:00,211 --> 01:39:01,179
IMPROVED AMONG INDIVIDUALS.

1989
01:39:01,179 --> 01:39:02,447
THANK YOU AND ARE THERE ANY 

1990
01:39:02,447 --> 01:39:02,847
QUESTIONS?

1991
01:39:02,847 --> 01:39:03,648
>> THANK YOU.

1992
01:39:03,648 --> 01:39:05,216
I THINK WE'LL TAKE QUESTIONS 

1993
01:39:05,216 --> 01:39:06,785
DURING THE Q&A COMING UP AT
THE 

1994
01:39:06,785 --> 01:39:07,752
TOP OF THE HOUR SO PLEASE STICK 

1995
01:39:07,752 --> 01:39:10,622
AROUND FOR THAT AND I'LL HAVE 

1996
01:39:10,622 --> 01:39:13,124
QUESTIONS FOR YOU AS WELL.

1997
01:39:13,124 --> 01:39:15,126
SO THE LAST SPEAKER IN THIS 

1998
01:39:15,126 --> 01:39:16,161
MORNING'S SESSION WILL BE 

1999
01:39:16,161 --> 01:39:17,729
DR. VICTORIA BAUTCH FROM THE 

2000
01:39:17,729 --> 01:39:20,098
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 

2001
01:39:20,098 --> 01:39:22,834
SPEAKING ON CONCEPTUALIZING 

2002
01:39:22,834 --> 01:39:24,803
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

2003
01:39:24,803 --> 01:39:26,204
FOR OUR FOLKS JOINING, PLEASE DO

2004
01:39:26,204 --> 01:39:28,239
STAY AT THE TOP OF THE HOUR 

2005
01:39:28,239 --> 01:39:30,975
WE'LL HAVE 30 MINUTES FOR 

2006
01:39:30,975 --> 01:39:33,611
QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION AND 

2007
01:39:33,611 --> 01:39:35,046
DON'T FORGET TO PUT YOUR 

2008
01:39:35,046 --> 01:39:36,047
QUESTIONS IN THE Q&A IN THE
ZOOM

2009
01:39:36,047 --> 01:39:37,348
WHICH YOU SHOULD SEE AT THE 

2010
01:39:37,348 --> 01:39:41,086
BOTTOM OF YOUR SCENE AND WE'LL 

2011
01:39:41,086 --> 01:39:42,087
ABLE

2012
01:39:42,087 --> 01:39:43,988
ABLE TO  CURATE THOSE FROM 

2013
01:39:43,988 --> 01:39:44,289
THERE.

2014
01:39:44,289 --> 01:39:45,790
PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY.

2015
01:39:45,790 --> 01:39:46,558
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

2016
01:39:46,558 --> 01:39:49,727
I'D LIKE START OUT BY THINKING 

2017
01:39:49,727 --> 01:39:58,937
THE ORGANIZERS FOR ALLOWING ME 

2018
01:39:58,937 --> 01:40:01,673
TO PRESENT A FEW THOUGHTS ON 

2019
01:40:01,673 --> 01:40:02,340
CONCEPTUALIZING CARDIOVASCULAR 

2020
01:40:02,340 --> 01:40:02,640
RESILIENCE.

2021
01:40:02,640 --> 01:40:05,610
I ALSO WANT TO APOLOGIZE FOR 

2022
01:40:05,610 --> 01:40:07,045
COMING IN A LITTLE BIT LATE.

2023
01:40:07,045 --> 01:40:09,747
SO SOME OF MY INFORMATION MAY 

2024
01:40:09,747 --> 01:40:11,149
HAVE OVERLAP.

2025
01:40:11,149 --> 01:40:13,318
AND I WANT TO START OUT BY 

2026
01:40:13,318 --> 01:40:17,722
SAYING I'M GOING PRESENT A FEW 

2027
01:40:17,722 --> 01:40:20,158
THOUGHTS AND IDEAS FROM THE 

2028
01:40:20,158 --> 01:40:21,860
PERSPECTIVE OF MY PLACE AS A 

2029
01:40:21,860 --> 01:40:26,598
CELL MOLECULAR GENETIC VASCULAR 

2030
01:40:26,598 --> 01:40:28,133
BIOLOGIST AND THINKING MORE 

2031
01:40:28,133 --> 01:40:31,769
ABOUT CELLS AND TISSUES AND 

2032
01:40:31,769 --> 01:40:33,371
MOLECULAR PATHWAYS AND HOW THOSE

2033
01:40:33,371 --> 01:40:39,511
CAN INTEGRATE INTERN WITH 

2034
01:40:39,511 --> 01:40:42,347
SMALLER AND LARGER SCALES IN 

2035
01:40:42,347 --> 01:40:44,282
TERMS OF THINK ABOUT THIS.

2036
01:40:44,282 --> 01:40:47,752
I'D LIKE TO START BY GIVING A 

2037
01:40:47,752 --> 01:40:48,853
QUICK OVERVIEW.

2038
01:40:48,853 --> 01:40:51,422
WE'LL QUICKLY DEFINE 

2039
01:40:51,422 --> 01:40:52,056
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE WITH 

2040
01:40:52,056 --> 01:40:53,858
AN EMPHASIS AND ASPECTS AND 

2041
01:40:53,858 --> 01:40:59,364
DISCUSS BRIEFLY THE CONCEPT OF 

2042
01:40:59,364 --> 01:41:00,698
SCALING AND BIOLOGY AND 

2043
01:41:00,698 --> 01:41:02,700
CARDIOVASCULAR BIOLOGY AND GO 

2044
01:41:02,700 --> 01:41:05,069
OVER RESILIENCE CONCEPTS FROM 

2045
01:41:05,069 --> 01:41:06,371
THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CELL AND 

2046
01:41:06,371 --> 01:41:09,307
SPECIFICALLY WHAT WE WORK ON THE

2047
01:41:09,307 --> 01:41:11,476
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THAT 

2048
01:41:11,476 --> 01:41:13,344
LINES THE BLOOD VESSELS IN OUR 

2049
01:41:13,344 --> 01:41:19,017
BODY AND END UP WITH INTERESTING

2050
01:41:19,017 --> 01:41:21,586
VIGNETTE ON SCALING CIRCADIAN 

2051
01:41:21,586 --> 01:41:23,421
RHYTHMS IN BIOLOGIES.

2052
01:41:23,421 --> 01:41:26,691
SO IF THIS IS ALREADY -- I'D 

2053
01:41:26,691 --> 01:41:28,793
LIKE TO EITHER DEFINE OR 

2054
01:41:28,793 --> 01:41:30,562
REDEFINE IF IT'S ALREADY BEEN 

2055
01:41:30,562 --> 01:41:33,498
DISCUSSED THE CONCEPT OF 

2056
01:41:33,498 --> 01:41:37,802
RESILIENCE THAT WAS DEFINED BY 

2057
01:41:37,802 --> 01:41:38,937
AN NHLBI WORKSHOP.

2058
01:41:38,937 --> 01:41:40,471
RESILIENCE IS THE ABILITY OF 

2059
01:41:40,471 --> 01:41:42,473
LIVING SYSTEMS TO SUCCESSFULLY 

2060
01:41:42,473 --> 01:41:44,342
MAINTAIN OR RETURN TO 

2061
01:41:44,342 --> 01:41:46,010
HOMEOSTASIS IN RESPONSE TO 

2062
01:41:46,010 --> 01:41:48,279
PHYSICAL, MOLECULAR, INDIVIDUAL,

2063
01:41:48,279 --> 01:41:49,747
SOCIAL, SOCIETAL OR 

2064
01:41:49,747 --> 01:41:50,315
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS OR 

2065
01:41:50,315 --> 01:41:51,683
CHALLENGES.

2066
01:41:51,683 --> 01:41:53,851
SO THAT'S A PRETTY BIG BUCKET.

2067
01:41:53,851 --> 01:41:57,822
THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS IN 

2068
01:41:57,822 --> 01:42:01,526
THERE.

2069
01:42:01,526 --> 01:42:03,361
IT INCLUDES EVERYTHING AND 

2070
01:42:03,361 --> 01:42:04,829
RIGHTFULLY SO THERE MOLECULAR 

2071
01:42:04,829 --> 01:42:05,396
INTERACTIONS TO SOCIAL AND 

2072
01:42:05,396 --> 01:42:15,573
SOCIETAL.

2073
01:42:19,377 --> 01:42:21,779
WE SEE COMPLEXITY IN HOW WE 

2074
01:42:21,779 --> 01:42:22,981
DEFINE BIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE.

2075
01:42:22,981 --> 01:42:29,053
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT BIOLOGICAL 

2076
01:42:29,053 --> 01:42:32,790
SYSTEMS THERE'S NUMEROUS SYSTEMS

2077
01:42:32,790 --> 01:42:35,393
WITH RESPONSES AND OUTPUTS TO 

2078
01:42:35,393 --> 01:42:39,197
THOSE RESPONSES FROM ADAPTATION 

2079
01:42:39,197 --> 01:42:44,535
TO TOLERATION AND EVENTUALLY 

2080
01:42:44,535 --> 01:42:46,938
LEADING TO EITHER THE 

2081
01:42:46,938 --> 01:42:48,439
PRESERVATION OF HOMEOSTASIS OR 

2082
01:42:48,439 --> 01:42:50,008
COMING BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS.

2083
01:42:50,008 --> 01:42:51,609
THESE ARE BIG TERMS.

2084
01:42:51,609 --> 01:42:52,443
AGAIN, PART OF THE REASON IS 

2085
01:42:52,443 --> 01:42:57,782
BECAUSE WE'RE RUNNING INTO THE 

2086
01:42:57,782 --> 01:42:59,751
CONCEPT OF SCALE.

2087
01:42:59,751 --> 01:43:04,222
SCALE AND BIOLOGY.

2088
01:43:04,222 --> 01:43:07,125
THE SCALE IN GENERAL GOES 

2089
01:43:07,125 --> 01:43:09,260
THROUGH A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT 

2090
01:43:09,260 --> 01:43:11,095
SCENARIOS FROM MOLECULES TO 

2091
01:43:11,095 --> 01:43:15,933
STRUCTURED WITHIN CELLS TO THE 

2092
01:43:15,933 --> 01:43:16,801
CELLS THEMSELVES.

2093
01:43:16,801 --> 01:43:19,070
TO BUILDING UP TISSUES AND 

2094
01:43:19,070 --> 01:43:22,740
BUILDING HOME TO ORGANS AND 

2095
01:43:22,740 --> 01:43:23,007
ORGANISMS.

2096
01:43:23,007 --> 01:43:25,043
THAT'S JUST IN THE BIOLOGICAL 

2097
01:43:25,043 --> 01:43:25,243
REALM.

2098
01:43:25,243 --> 01:43:26,978
THOSE ARE VAST DIFFERENCES IN 

2099
01:43:26,978 --> 01:43:27,278
SCALES.

2100
01:43:27,278 --> 01:43:29,314
IF YOU LOOK AT THE LEFT YOU'LL 

2101
01:43:29,314 --> 01:43:32,283
SEE THE ORGANISM AND THE ORGANS.

2102
01:43:32,283 --> 01:43:34,385
IF YOU LOOK IN THE MIDDLE YOU'LL

2103
01:43:34,385 --> 01:43:40,792
SEE THOSE ARE BLOOD VESSELS WITH

2104
01:43:40,792 --> 01:43:43,394
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND 

2105
01:43:43,394 --> 01:43:48,933
YOU'LL SEE STRUCTURES WITHIN THE

2106
01:43:48,933 --> 01:43:51,469
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THAT ARE 

2107
01:43:51,469 --> 01:43:53,071
IMPORTANT FOR THEIR FUNCTION AND

2108
01:43:53,071 --> 01:43:53,771
BLOOD VESSELS.

2109
01:43:53,771 --> 01:43:57,141
THE CONCEPT OF SCALE, WHICH IS 

2110
01:43:57,141 --> 01:44:00,845
VERY DIFFICULT THEN TO IMPOSE A 

2111
01:44:00,845 --> 01:44:03,114
SINGLE DEFINITION, I THINK, OF 

2112
01:44:03,114 --> 01:44:03,681
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE 

2113
01:44:03,681 --> 01:44:05,650
BECAUSE IT NEEDS TO BE DEFINED 

2114
01:44:05,650 --> 01:44:07,952
BY THE SCALE ALSO EXTENDS TO 

2115
01:44:07,952 --> 01:44:09,921
VARIATIONS IN THE TIMING.

2116
01:44:09,921 --> 01:44:12,924
SO THERE'S SCALES IN TIMING.

2117
01:44:12,924 --> 01:44:14,058
ONE EXAMPLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

2118
01:44:14,058 --> 01:44:15,093
RESILIENCE AGAIN FROM THE 

2119
01:44:15,093 --> 01:44:16,894
PERSPECTIVE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS

2120
01:44:16,894 --> 01:44:19,597
IS VASO DIALATION AND 

2121
01:44:19,597 --> 01:44:20,031
CONSTRICTION.

2122
01:44:20,031 --> 01:44:23,201
THE ABILITY TO REGULATE BLOOD 

2123
01:44:23,201 --> 01:44:25,336
FLOW BY VESSELS BECOMING LARGER 

2124
01:44:25,336 --> 01:44:29,173
OR SMALLER IN DIAMETER AND THIS 

2125
01:44:29,173 --> 01:44:31,275
IS A PROCESS THAT OCCURS OVER 

2126
01:44:31,275 --> 01:44:31,709
SECONDS OR MINUTES.

2127
01:44:31,709 --> 01:44:34,078
AND ONE QUESTION THAT COMES UP 

2128
01:44:34,078 --> 01:44:36,581
WITH THIS IS WHY IS VASCULAR 

2129
01:44:36,581 --> 01:44:39,217
TONE DIMINISHED AS IT NORMALLY 

2130
01:44:39,217 --> 01:44:41,085
IS WITH AGE?

2131
01:44:41,085 --> 01:44:42,687
ANOTHER TYPE OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

2132
01:44:42,687 --> 01:44:43,388
RESILIENCE IS INFLAMMATION AND 

2133
01:44:43,388 --> 01:44:45,123
AGAIN THAT MAY HAVE BEEN TALKED 

2134
01:44:45,123 --> 01:44:45,790
ABOUT EARLIER.

2135
01:44:45,790 --> 01:44:49,927
BUT THERE ARE BOTH ACUTE 

2136
01:44:49,927 --> 01:44:51,462
RESPONSES INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES

2137
01:44:51,462 --> 01:44:53,097
AND RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS AND 

2138
01:44:53,097 --> 01:44:56,200
RESILIENCE IS BUILT IN AND THEN 

2139
01:44:56,200 --> 01:44:57,835
THERE'S CHRONIC RESPONSES WHERE 

2140
01:44:57,835 --> 01:44:59,003
IT DOESN'T HAPPEN.

2141
01:44:59,003 --> 01:45:01,806
ONE QUESTION THAT COMES FROM NA 

2142
01:45:01,806 --> 01:45:05,777
IS WHY DO COVID-19 PATIENTS SUM 

2143
01:45:05,777 --> 01:45:07,445
SUCCUMB TO THE RUN AWAY 

2144
01:45:07,445 --> 01:45:08,413
INFLAMMATION WE ALL LEARNED 

2145
01:45:08,413 --> 01:45:17,088
ABOUT DURING THE PANDEMIC.

2146
01:45:17,088 --> 01:45:21,092
I'M GOING TO DISCUSS A COUPLE 

2147
01:45:21,092 --> 01:45:24,462
VIGNETTES THAT DEMONSTRATE 

2148
01:45:24,462 --> 01:45:25,096
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

2149
01:45:25,096 --> 01:45:26,497
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AGAIN 

2150
01:45:26,497 --> 01:45:28,633
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE 

2151
01:45:28,633 --> 01:45:32,570
CELLS IN THE VASCULATURE AND 

2152
01:45:32,570 --> 01:45:34,272
SPECIFICALLY THE ENDOTHELIAL 

2153
01:45:34,272 --> 01:45:36,140
CELLS THAT LINE ALL THE BLOOD 

2154
01:45:36,140 --> 01:45:36,541
VESSELS.

2155
01:45:36,541 --> 01:45:41,078
SO I'M GOING TO TRY TO CONVINCE 

2156
01:45:41,078 --> 01:45:43,080
YOU THAT RESILIENCE IS OCCURRING

2157
01:45:43,080 --> 01:45:45,383
AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL BEFORE WE 

2158
01:45:45,383 --> 01:45:48,052
BUILD ON THE OTHER SCALES GOING 

2159
01:45:48,052 --> 01:45:50,888
OUTWARD AND EVEN BEFORE WE DELVE

2160
01:45:50,888 --> 01:45:53,424
MORE INTO OTHER SCALES THAT ARE 

2161
01:45:53,424 --> 01:45:57,161
GETTING EVEN MORE MOLECULAR.

2162
01:45:57,161 --> 01:46:02,733
THE FIRST VIGNETTE I'D LIKE TO 

2163
01:46:02,733 --> 01:46:04,001
PRESENT SAY CONCEPT OF SET 

2164
01:46:04,001 --> 01:46:05,303
POINTS IN FLOW RESPONSES.

2165
01:46:05,303 --> 01:46:07,972
IN TERMS OF THE ORGANISM OR IN 

2166
01:46:07,972 --> 01:46:13,110
TERMS OF THE VASCULATURE.

2167
01:46:13,110 --> 01:46:15,246
THE CONCEPT WHERE INCREASES OR 

2168
01:46:15,246 --> 01:46:15,980
DECREASES IN BLOOD FLOW WILL 

2169
01:46:15,980 --> 01:46:18,683
LEAD TO CHANGES IN THE DIAMETER 

2170
01:46:18,683 --> 01:46:21,786
OF THE BLOOD VESSEL TO 

2171
01:46:21,786 --> 01:46:22,954
ACCOMMODATE THAT BLOOD FLOW AND 

2172
01:46:22,954 --> 01:46:24,822
KEEP THE SHEER FACTOR OR THE 

2173
01:46:24,822 --> 01:46:26,357
FORCE OF THE BLOOD GOING OVER 

2174
01:46:26,357 --> 01:46:29,427
THE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE 

2175
01:46:29,427 --> 01:46:32,730
LUMEN OF THE BLOOD VESSELS AND 

2176
01:46:32,730 --> 01:46:33,464
KEEP THAT THE SAME.

2177
01:46:33,464 --> 01:46:36,334
YOU CAN SEA ON THE LEFT THE 

2178
01:46:36,334 --> 01:46:39,871
TYPICAL VASCULATURE AND WITH AN 

2179
01:46:39,871 --> 01:46:42,306
OCCLUSION YOU GET COLLATERAL 

2180
01:46:42,306 --> 01:46:43,541
VESSELS INCREASE IN THEIR TIME 

2181
01:46:43,541 --> 01:46:46,410
TER AND EVENTUALLY THE GOAL FOR 

2182
01:46:46,410 --> 01:46:49,347
THE VESSEL IS FOR THE SHEER FLOW

2183
01:46:49,347 --> 01:46:51,115
TO GO BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS TO GO 

2184
01:46:51,115 --> 01:47:01,592
BACK TO WHERE IT WAS BEFORE.

2185
01:47:03,928 --> 01:47:08,799
WORK BY MANY PEOPLE IDENTIFIED 

2186
01:47:08,799 --> 01:47:12,470
THE SET POINT IN THE CONTEXT OF 

2187
01:47:12,470 --> 01:47:15,940
THE INDIVIDUAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

2188
01:47:15,940 --> 01:47:19,110
AND I'LL SHOW YOU THE DATA THAT 

2189
01:47:19,110 --> 01:47:23,080
SUPPORTS THE IDEA THAT 

2190
01:47:23,080 --> 01:47:24,515
INDIVIDUAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS 

2191
01:47:24,515 --> 01:47:26,884
HAVE AN INTERNAL SET POINT THAT 

2192
01:47:26,884 --> 01:47:27,752
S TO BLOOD FLOW.

2193
01:47:27,752 --> 01:47:32,023
SO ON THE TOP LEFT ARE LYMPHATIC

2194
01:47:32,023 --> 01:47:35,593
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THAT NORMALLY 

2195
01:47:35,593 --> 01:47:44,669
SEE LOW SHEER LAMMI -- LAMITER 

2196
01:47:44,669 --> 01:47:49,774
FLOWS AND THE RED CIRCLES SHOW 

2197
01:47:49,774 --> 01:47:54,111
THE POINT AT WHICH THE CELLS 

2198
01:47:54,111 --> 01:47:58,082
BEGIN ALIGNING TO THE FLOW IS 

2199
01:47:58,082 --> 01:48:02,486
VERY LOW FOR LYMPHATIC 

2200
01:48:02,486 --> 01:48:05,289
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND HIGHER FOR

2201
01:48:05,289 --> 01:48:10,595
VENUS ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WHERE 

2202
01:48:10,595 --> 01:48:11,896
WHERE THEY RESPOND TO THE FLOW 

2203
01:48:11,896 --> 01:48:14,565
IS DIFFERENT FOR THE DIFFERENT 

2204
01:48:14,565 --> 01:48:14,865
CELL TYPES.

2205
01:48:14,865 --> 01:48:16,133
WHAT'S DIFFERENT ABOUT THEM?

2206
01:48:16,133 --> 01:48:20,538
IT TURNS OUT A RECEPTOR THAT IS 

2207
01:48:20,538 --> 01:48:24,809
PART OF A MECHANO TRANSDUCTION 

2208
01:48:24,809 --> 01:48:26,811
COMPLEX IS EXPRESSED AT HIGHER 

2209
01:48:26,811 --> 01:48:30,781
LEVELS IN THE LYMPHATIC ENDO 

2210
01:48:30,781 --> 01:48:35,152
THAN VENUS ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

2211
01:48:35,152 --> 01:48:37,855
AND ON THE TOP WHEN MARTIN 

2212
01:48:37,855 --> 01:48:39,590
SCHWARTS AND HIS COLLEAGUES 

2213
01:48:39,590 --> 01:48:42,126
REMOVE THAT MECHANO TRANSDUCTION

2214
01:48:42,126 --> 01:48:48,699
RECEPTOR FROM THE LYMPHATIC THE 

2215
01:48:48,699 --> 01:48:52,536
SET POINT CHANGE TO BECOME MORE 

2216
01:48:52,536 --> 01:48:54,605
LIKE VENUS ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND

2217
01:48:54,605 --> 01:48:58,209
WHEN THE RECEPTOR WAS 

2218
01:48:58,209 --> 01:49:00,211
UPREGULATED THEIR SET POINT 

2219
01:49:00,211 --> 01:49:02,513
SHIFTS DOWN TO BE BECOME LIKE 

2220
01:49:02,513 --> 01:49:04,048
LYMPHATIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

2221
01:49:04,048 --> 01:49:07,184
THIS IS EVIDENCE WITHIN THE 

2222
01:49:07,184 --> 01:49:09,320
CELLS THERE'S A RESPONSE TO FLOW

2223
01:49:09,320 --> 01:49:11,756
THAT'S ULTIMATELY PROBABLY 

2224
01:49:11,756 --> 01:49:12,723
PROPAGATING TO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL

2225
01:49:12,723 --> 01:49:15,693
LEVEL.

2226
01:49:15,693 --> 01:49:18,963
SO, SOME QUESTIONS THAT ARISE 

2227
01:49:18,963 --> 01:49:25,436
FROM THIS VIGNETTE ARE HOW DO 

2228
01:49:25,436 --> 01:49:28,773
INTRINSIC EPITHELIAL CELLS 

2229
01:49:28,773 --> 01:49:30,508
TRANSLATE TO RESPONSES AND WHAT 

2230
01:49:30,508 --> 01:49:31,108
REGULATES EXPRESSION OF SET 

2231
01:49:31,108 --> 01:49:33,477
POINT MACHINERY AT THE LEVEL OF 

2232
01:49:33,477 --> 01:49:34,779
THE CELLS.

2233
01:49:34,779 --> 01:49:35,946
WE LOOKED AT THE ONE RECEPTOR 

2234
01:49:35,946 --> 01:49:36,747
BUT THERE'S MORE THERE.

2235
01:49:36,747 --> 01:49:38,082
I'M LEAVING THE QUESTIONS FOR 

2236
01:49:38,082 --> 01:49:39,216
MAYBE THE DISCUSSION PERIOD AND 

2237
01:49:39,216 --> 01:49:39,750
I'LL MOVE ON.

2238
01:49:39,750 --> 01:49:42,887
SO THE NEXT THING I WOULD LIKE 

2239
01:49:42,887 --> 01:49:48,993
TO DISCUSS BRIEFLY IS THE 

2240
01:49:48,993 --> 01:49:53,397
CONCEPT OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND

2241
01:49:53,397 --> 01:49:56,667
QUIESCENCE.

2242
01:49:56,667 --> 01:49:59,904
VASCULAR QUIESCENCE IS THE IDEA 

2243
01:49:59,904 --> 01:50:10,014
THAT MOST OF THE TIME, MOST THE 

2244
01:50:10,014 --> 01:50:12,616
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ARE ALIGNED TO

2245
01:50:12,616 --> 01:50:14,985
THE FLOW FACTOR AND HAVE A LOT 

2246
01:50:14,985 --> 01:50:16,987
OF PROPERTIES IN THE PHASE WHICH

2247
01:50:16,987 --> 01:50:20,424
INCLUDES BEING 

2248
01:50:20,424 --> 01:50:20,825
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY.

2249
01:50:20,825 --> 01:50:22,526
ALL AS THE ASPECTS ARE IMPORTANT

2250
01:50:22,526 --> 01:50:24,995
FOR NORMAL FUNCTION AND NORMAL 

2251
01:50:24,995 --> 01:50:26,597
VASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND FOR 

2252
01:50:26,597 --> 01:50:36,207
VASCULAR RESILIENCE.

2253
01:50:36,207 --> 01:50:39,744
ONE ASPECT MY GROUP HAS RECENTLY

2254
01:50:39,744 --> 01:50:42,980
STARTED TO INVESTIGATE IS THE 

2255
01:50:42,980 --> 01:50:44,615
QUALITY OF THE QUIESCENCE THAT 

2256
01:50:44,615 --> 01:50:45,649
CURBS IN DIFFERENT BLOOD VESSELS

2257
01:50:45,649 --> 01:50:52,256
AND UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS.

2258
01:50:52,256 --> 01:50:55,426
ONE QUALITY IS CALLED QUIESCENT 

2259
01:50:55,426 --> 01:50:56,861
DEPTH THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE 

2260
01:50:56,861 --> 01:50:59,797
CELLS TO RE-ENTER THE CELL CYCLE

2261
01:50:59,797 --> 01:51:01,766
ONCE THE STIMULUS IS CHANGED OR 

2262
01:51:01,766 --> 01:51:02,066
REMOVED.

2263
01:51:02,066 --> 01:51:04,535
THIS PROPERTY HAS IMPLICATIONS 

2264
01:51:04,535 --> 01:51:08,606
IN TERMS OF THE EXCITABILITY OR 

2265
01:51:08,606 --> 01:51:09,507
THE PROLIFERATIVE CAPACITY BUT 

2266
01:51:09,507 --> 01:51:11,509
FOR WHICH WE KNOW VIRTUALLY 

2267
01:51:11,509 --> 01:51:16,614
NOTHING AT THE LEVEL OF THE 

2268
01:51:16,614 --> 01:51:19,583
VASCULATURE AND THE ENDOTHELIAL 

2269
01:51:19,583 --> 01:51:19,884
CELLS.

2270
01:51:19,884 --> 01:51:27,825
THE RECENT WORK SHOWSYY -- SHOW 

2271
01:51:27,825 --> 01:51:29,293
THIS VARIES AND YOU CAN SEE THE 

2272
01:51:29,293 --> 01:51:31,262
CARTOON AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE 

2273
01:51:31,262 --> 01:51:34,932
BOTTOM YOU CAN SEE QUIESCENCE 

2274
01:51:34,932 --> 01:51:36,267
DEPTH WHICH IS -- SORRY WHAT'S 

2275
01:51:36,267 --> 01:51:39,036
HAPPENING TO THE SLIDES.

2276
01:51:39,036 --> 01:51:43,073
QUIESCENCE DEPTH WHICH GOES UP 

2277
01:51:43,073 --> 01:51:45,910
ON THE Y AXIS STARTS OUT THE 

2278
01:51:45,910 --> 01:51:48,445
SAME FOR CELLS EXPOSED TO EITHER

2279
01:51:48,445 --> 01:51:52,850
ARTERIAL FLOW WHICH IS MUCH 

2280
01:51:52,850 --> 01:51:54,552
STRONGER FLOW THAN VENUS FLOW.

2281
01:51:54,552 --> 01:51:56,020
IF YOU LOOK A THIRD OF THE WAY 

2282
01:51:56,020 --> 01:51:57,488
ACROSS THE LINES ARE EQUIVALENT 

2283
01:51:57,488 --> 01:52:00,124
AND THEN YOU SEE THE ARTERIAL 

2284
01:52:00,124 --> 01:52:01,659
LINES START TO GO DOWN.

2285
01:52:01,659 --> 01:52:04,028
IF YOU GO OUT FOR 72 HOURS WE 

2286
01:52:04,028 --> 01:52:07,932
SEE A DIFFERENCE IN THE 

2287
01:52:07,932 --> 01:52:09,967
PARTICULAR PARAMETER PROBABLY AS

2288
01:52:09,967 --> 01:52:11,101
A RESULT OF MOLECULAR FLOW 

2289
01:52:11,101 --> 01:52:13,504
MEDIATED INTERACTIONS THAT ARE 

2290
01:52:13,504 --> 01:52:15,606
DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE FLOW 

2291
01:52:15,606 --> 01:52:15,906
RATES.

2292
01:52:15,906 --> 01:52:20,578
WE HAVE NO IDEA HOW THE 

2293
01:52:20,578 --> 01:52:29,753
QUIESCENT STEP AVENFFECTS THE 

2294
01:52:29,753 --> 01:52:40,197
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SYSTEM.

2295
01:52:49,506 --> 01:52:50,608
SO SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT 

2296
01:52:50,608 --> 01:52:54,044
WE'RE LEFT WITH, HOW DOES 

2297
01:52:54,044 --> 01:52:56,447
QUIESCENCE DEPTH AFFECT 

2298
01:52:56,447 --> 01:52:56,981
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE?

2299
01:52:56,981 --> 01:52:59,416
WE KNOW THERE'S A DIFFERENTIAL 

2300
01:52:59,416 --> 01:52:59,950
PARAMETER BUT DON'T YET 

2301
01:52:59,950 --> 01:53:04,788
UNDERSTAND HOW IT AFFECTS THE 

2302
01:53:04,788 --> 01:53:08,225
OUTPUTS OF THE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

2303
01:53:08,225 --> 01:53:11,095
AND VASCULAR TURE IN GENERAL AND

2304
01:53:11,095 --> 01:53:13,230
WANT KNOW WE'RE MORE OR LESS 

2305
01:53:13,230 --> 01:53:17,034
LEAST AND THERE'S DIFFERENCES 

2306
01:53:17,034 --> 01:53:18,035
POTENTIALLY HERE EVEN WITHIN THE

2307
01:53:18,035 --> 01:53:21,772
BLOOD VESSELS AND CELLS WITHIN 

2308
01:53:21,772 --> 01:53:30,547
THE BLOOD VESSELS.

2309
01:53:30,547 --> 01:53:35,152
A THIRD VIGNETTE IS THE CONCEPT 

2310
01:53:35,152 --> 01:53:37,121
OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL NUCLEAR 

2311
01:53:37,121 --> 01:53:37,955
MECHANO TRANSDUCTION.

2312
01:53:37,955 --> 01:53:45,229
THE IDEA THE NUCLEUS WITHIN THE 

2313
01:53:45,229 --> 01:53:47,898
ENDOTHELIAL CELL SAY SENSOR 

2314
01:53:47,898 --> 01:53:52,603
IMPARTED BY BLOOD FLOW AND 

2315
01:53:52,603 --> 01:53:52,870
PRESSURE.

2316
01:53:52,870 --> 01:53:55,005
WE KNOW THAT THIS SUBCELLULAR 

2317
01:53:55,005 --> 01:53:55,606
STRUCTURE IS INVOLVED IN 

2318
01:53:55,606 --> 01:53:57,808
RESILIENCE TO AGE-RELATED 

2319
01:53:57,808 --> 01:54:08,118
VASCULAR INSULTS.

2320
01:54:09,820 --> 01:54:13,691
WE KNOW THIS BECAUSE BEAUTIFUL 

2321
01:54:13,691 --> 01:54:17,528
WORK HAS SOUGHT TO UNDERSTAND 

2322
01:54:17,528 --> 01:54:25,336
THIS DISEASE PROGERIA THAT 

2323
01:54:25,336 --> 01:54:27,471
LEAVES PATIENTS WITH A 

2324
01:54:27,471 --> 01:54:28,906
STRUCTURALLY DEFICIENT NUCLEI 

2325
01:54:28,906 --> 01:54:33,143
ALL OVER THE BODY EARLY ONSET 

2326
01:54:33,143 --> 01:54:34,979
VERY SEVERE CARDIOVASCULAR 

2327
01:54:34,979 --> 01:54:35,212
DISEASE.

2328
01:54:35,212 --> 01:54:37,247
UNFORTUNATELY VERY EARLY DEATH 

2329
01:54:37,247 --> 01:54:38,415
ALONG WITH OTHER ASPECTS OF 

2330
01:54:38,415 --> 01:54:45,789
AGING.

2331
01:54:45,789 --> 01:54:48,192
THE RESILIENCE CAPACITY OF THESE

2332
01:54:48,192 --> 01:54:48,826
INDIVIDUALS IS VERY VERY MUCH 

2333
01:54:48,826 --> 01:54:55,866
REDUCED.

2334
01:54:55,866 --> 01:54:57,134
SOME OF THE WORK UNDERSTANDING 

2335
01:54:57,134 --> 01:55:00,337
HOW GET FROM THIS MUTATION IN 

2336
01:55:00,337 --> 01:55:04,475
THE INNER NUCLEAR STRUCTURE 

2337
01:55:04,475 --> 01:55:06,577
CALLED THE LAMINS AND THEY LINK 

2338
01:55:06,577 --> 01:55:09,079
TO A COMPLEX THAT GOES OUT TO 

2339
01:55:09,079 --> 01:55:11,682
THE REST OF THE CELL CALLED THE 

2340
01:55:11,682 --> 01:55:12,316
LINK COMPLEX SHOWN ON THE FAR 

2341
01:55:12,316 --> 01:55:14,251
LEFT AND THERE'S A NUMBER OF 

2342
01:55:14,251 --> 01:55:17,254
COMPONENTS INCLUDING SOME 

2343
01:55:17,254 --> 01:55:23,794
PROTEINS AND NESPRINS AND 

2344
01:55:23,794 --> 01:55:25,195
MUTATING THE EFFECTS THROUGHOUT 

2345
01:55:25,195 --> 01:55:28,632
THE CELLS AND THROUGH THE REST 

2346
01:55:28,632 --> 01:55:33,170
OF THE BODY EVENTUALLY.

2347
01:55:33,170 --> 01:55:35,039
AND SOME OF THE WORK DONE IN 

2348
01:55:35,039 --> 01:55:38,575
OTHER LABS IN THE MIDDLE SHOW 

2349
01:55:38,575 --> 01:55:40,277
ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE 

2350
01:55:40,277 --> 01:55:43,147
LINK COMPLEX ACCUMULATES 

2351
01:55:43,147 --> 01:55:46,350
ABNORMALLY AROUND THE NUCLEUS OF

2352
01:55:46,350 --> 01:55:49,753
CELLS OVEREXPRESSING THE LAMIN 

2353
01:55:49,753 --> 01:55:52,222
CALLED PROGERIN AND FIBROBLASTS 

2354
01:55:52,222 --> 01:56:00,898
FROM PROGERIA PATIENTS GO INTO 

2355
01:56:00,898 --> 01:56:02,433
PERMANENT CELL CYCLE ARREST.

2356
01:56:02,433 --> 01:56:04,468
YOU CAN SEE WITH THE BLUE CELLS 

2357
01:56:04,468 --> 01:56:07,404
IN THE UPPER RATE AND WHEN A 

2358
01:56:07,404 --> 01:56:09,540
LINK COMPLEX COMPONENT IS 

2359
01:56:09,540 --> 01:56:12,709
DELETED OR REDUCED, THAT 

2360
01:56:12,709 --> 01:56:15,946
SENESCENCE PHENOTYPE IS 

2361
01:56:15,946 --> 01:56:16,346
ABROGATED.

2362
01:56:16,346 --> 01:56:16,980
THIS SUGGESTS THERE'S 

2363
01:56:16,980 --> 01:56:26,190
COMMUNICATION THERE.

2364
01:56:26,190 --> 01:56:27,925
WE'VE RECENTLY STARTED TO 

2365
01:56:27,925 --> 01:56:30,594
UNDERSTAND HOW THE LINK COMPLEX 

2366
01:56:30,594 --> 01:56:32,529
OPERATES IN THE VASCULATURE 

2367
01:56:32,529 --> 01:56:35,199
BEFORE THE PROGERIN COMES ALONG 

2368
01:56:35,199 --> 01:56:40,537
TO START LEADING TO DYSFUNCTION.

2369
01:56:40,537 --> 01:56:44,842
WE FOUND THERE ARE EFFECTS WITH 

2370
01:56:44,842 --> 01:56:46,677
NORMAL ANGIOGENESIS WITH LACK OF

2371
01:56:46,677 --> 01:56:49,213
PROGRESSION YOU CAN SEE IN THE 

2372
01:56:49,213 --> 01:56:52,216
BOTTOM SLIDES IN THE POST NATAL 

2373
01:56:52,216 --> 01:56:54,351
RETINA WHEN ONE LINK COMPLEX 

2374
01:56:54,351 --> 01:56:55,385
COMPONENTS IS SPECIFICALLY 

2375
01:56:55,385 --> 01:56:59,156
DELETED FROM THE VASCULAR 

2376
01:56:59,156 --> 01:56:59,623
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

2377
01:56:59,623 --> 01:57:00,924
THERE'S IMPORTANT MOLECULAR 

2378
01:57:00,924 --> 01:57:02,926
MECHANISMS WE WOULD LIKE TO 

2379
01:57:02,926 --> 01:57:04,495
BETTER UNDERSTAND AND THEN OF 

2380
01:57:04,495 --> 01:57:05,762
COURSE PULL OUT TO THE BIGGER 

2381
01:57:05,762 --> 01:57:06,430
ARENA.

2382
01:57:06,430 --> 01:57:11,835
IF I COULD HAVE THE NEXT SLIDE.

2383
01:57:11,835 --> 01:57:13,770
SO SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT 

2384
01:57:13,770 --> 01:57:16,240
WE'RE LEFT WITH IS HOW DO 

2385
01:57:16,240 --> 01:57:22,346
PROGERIN LINK ACTIONS COMPROMISE

2386
01:57:22,346 --> 01:57:23,347
ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESILIENCE?

2387
01:57:23,347 --> 01:57:28,652
I THINK IT'S PRETTY DAM  -- 

2388
01:57:28,652 --> 01:57:31,455
DRAMATIC BUT DON'T KNOW HOW AND 

2389
01:57:31,455 --> 01:57:33,323
THERE ARE AFFECTS REGARDING 

2390
01:57:33,323 --> 01:57:34,758
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THAT LINE THE 

2391
01:57:34,758 --> 01:57:37,060
LUMEN BLOOD VESSELS AND THERE'S 

2392
01:57:37,060 --> 01:57:41,165
AFFECTS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR 

2393
01:57:41,165 --> 01:57:42,432
THE PATHOLOGY.

2394
01:57:42,432 --> 01:57:45,135
WHAT I'D LIKE TO DO IS FINISH BY

2395
01:57:45,135 --> 01:57:50,407
PRINTING A FINAL VIGNETTE THAT 

2396
01:57:50,407 --> 01:57:54,178
HAS TO DO WITH LOOKING AT THE 

2397
01:57:54,178 --> 01:57:56,346
PERSPECTIVES IN THE BLOOD 

2398
01:57:56,346 --> 01:57:58,949
VESSELS IN THE BODY AND WHAT'S 

2399
01:57:58,949 --> 01:58:01,752
GOING ON WITH CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

2400
01:58:01,752 --> 01:58:03,654
IS THERE EVIDENCE OF THIS SORT 

2401
01:58:03,654 --> 01:58:04,321
OF PROCESS AT THE CELLULAR 

2402
01:58:04,321 --> 01:58:14,431
LEVEL.

2403
01:58:15,065 --> 01:58:16,567
THIS BEAUTIFUL PAPER 

2404
01:58:16,567 --> 01:58:20,737
INVESTIGATES THE ROLE OF 

2405
01:58:20,737 --> 01:58:24,274
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND ITS 

2406
01:58:24,274 --> 01:58:26,243
AFFECT ON VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL 

2407
01:58:26,243 --> 01:58:28,078
CELLS AND PROCESSES.

2408
01:58:28,078 --> 01:58:33,750
IF YOU LOOK AT THE LOWER LEFT 

2409
01:58:33,750 --> 01:58:35,185
YOU'LL SEE THE TRANSCRIPTION 

2410
01:58:35,185 --> 01:58:37,921
FACTOR IS EXPRESSION IS 

2411
01:58:37,921 --> 01:58:41,792
REGULATED ACCORDING TO TIME AND 

2412
01:58:41,792 --> 01:58:43,026
CYCLE AND IF YOU LOOK OVER 

2413
01:58:43,026 --> 01:58:46,296
ACROSS ON THE BO BOTTOM YOU'LL 

2414
01:58:46,296 --> 01:58:47,731
SEE SEVERAL GENES INVOLVED IN 

2415
01:58:47,731 --> 01:58:51,802
THE CELL CYCLE ARE ALSO 

2416
01:58:51,802 --> 01:59:00,344
CO-REGULATED OR REPRESSED BY THE

2417
01:59:00,344 --> 01:59:02,879
UP REGULATION OF THE 

2418
01:59:02,879 --> 01:59:04,348
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND IT'S 

2419
01:59:04,348 --> 01:59:06,617
REGULATING CELL CYCLE GENES.

2420
01:59:06,617 --> 01:59:09,753
AND THEN FINALLY WHEN THIS 

2421
01:59:09,753 --> 01:59:10,754
PARTICULAR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 

2422
01:59:10,754 --> 01:59:13,757
WAS REMOVED FROM THE DEVELOPING 

2423
01:59:13,757 --> 01:59:17,160
VASCULATURE IN THE POST NATAL 

2424
01:59:17,160 --> 01:59:20,397
RETINA IN THE UPPER RIGHT YOU'LL

2425
01:59:20,397 --> 01:59:24,968
SEE THE RESPONSE IS A LACK OF 

2426
01:59:24,968 --> 01:59:26,837
VASCULAR PROGRESSION SIMILAR TO 

2427
01:59:26,837 --> 01:59:28,805
THE LINK OF THE COMPONENT 

2428
01:59:28,805 --> 01:59:31,074
THERE'S CLEARLY AN EFFECT ON 

2429
01:59:31,074 --> 01:59:32,542
VASCULAR PROCESSES OF THIS 

2430
01:59:32,542 --> 01:59:33,944
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OF COURSE 

2431
01:59:33,944 --> 01:59:37,748
AT THIS LEVEL IT ISN'T KNOWN 

2432
01:59:37,748 --> 01:59:42,052
WHETHER THAT'S ENTRAINED BY THE 

2433
01:59:42,052 --> 01:59:45,756
NORMAL CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND IF 

2434
01:59:45,756 --> 01:59:47,958
SO HOW THAT HAPPENS.

2435
01:59:47,958 --> 01:59:52,429
>> TWO-MINUTE WARNING,
SAESPEAK.

2436
01:59:52,429 --> 01:59:53,697
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

2437
01:59:53,697 --> 01:59:55,432
THE QUESTIONS WE'RE LEFT WITH 

2438
01:59:55,432 --> 01:59:59,670
HERE IS HOW IS THE CELLULAR 

2439
01:59:59,670 --> 02:00:01,538
CIRCADIAN CLOCK SET UP IN 

2440
02:00:01,538 --> 02:00:02,773
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

2441
02:00:02,773 --> 02:00:04,808
THIS IS AMAZING BECAUSE THESE 

2442
02:00:04,808 --> 02:00:06,643
ARE NOT CELLS IN THE BODY PER 

2443
02:00:06,643 --> 02:00:06,910
SE.

2444
02:00:06,910 --> 02:00:09,646
THEY'RE SITTING IN A DISH IN 

2445
02:00:09,646 --> 02:00:10,347
TERMS OF THE FIRST WORK I 

2446
02:00:10,347 --> 02:00:15,319
PRESENTED.

2447
02:00:15,319 --> 02:00:18,188
AND THEN FINALLY, AND VASCULAR 

2448
02:00:18,188 --> 02:00:19,423
CELLS TRAINED IN OUR BLOOD 

2449
02:00:19,423 --> 02:00:21,458
VESSELS TO THE ORGANISM AND TO 

2450
02:00:21,458 --> 02:00:23,827
THE ENVIRONMENT THAT THE 

2451
02:00:23,827 --> 02:00:25,395
ORGANISM IS EXPERIENCING AT ANY 

2452
02:00:25,395 --> 02:00:26,663
PARTICULAR POINT IN TIME.

2453
02:00:26,663 --> 02:00:28,532
AND THEN WHAT ARE THOSE 

2454
02:00:28,532 --> 02:00:38,942
ENTRAINMENT MECHANISMS.

2455
02:00:40,844 --> 02:00:43,013
THESE ARE INTERESTING QUESTIONS 

2456
02:00:43,013 --> 02:00:45,048
FROM THE SCALE OF THE CELL AND 

2457
02:00:45,048 --> 02:00:50,187
MOLECULAR PATHWAYS.

2458
02:00:50,187 --> 02:00:55,692
THE CHALLENGE IS TO MOVE FROM 

2459
02:00:55,692 --> 02:00:57,294
THIS VERSION FROM THE HIGHER 

2460
02:00:57,294 --> 02:01:07,337
LEVELS TO THE LOWER LEVELS.

2461
02:01:07,337 --> 02:01:09,773
TO THE CONCLUSIONS IS 

2462
02:01:09,773 --> 02:01:10,774
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE 

2463
02:01:10,774 --> 02:01:11,808
STRATEGIES SPAN NUMEROUS 

2464
02:01:11,808 --> 02:01:13,176
BIOLOGICAL SCALES AND I THINK 

2465
02:01:13,176 --> 02:01:14,511
THESE OUTCOMES NEED TO BE 

2466
02:01:14,511 --> 02:01:15,912
DEFINED BY THE SCALE YOU'RE 

2467
02:01:15,912 --> 02:01:16,446
WORKING WITH.

2468
02:01:16,446 --> 02:01:20,150
SO I DON'T THINK THERE IS A ONE 

2469
02:01:20,150 --> 02:01:21,418
SIZE FITS ALL SPECIFIC 

2470
02:01:21,418 --> 02:01:21,918
RESILIENCE DEFINITION.

2471
02:01:21,918 --> 02:01:26,022
I THINK THERE'S THE GENERIC ONE 

2472
02:01:26,022 --> 02:01:28,158
AND NEED TO PULL THESE OUT TO 

2473
02:01:28,158 --> 02:01:30,827
SPECIFIC SCALES BUT WE DO NEED 

2474
02:01:30,827 --> 02:01:32,362
TO INTEGRATE THESE EVENTUALLY.

2475
02:01:32,362 --> 02:01:34,798
IT DOESN'T WORK IF WE STAY IN 

2476
02:01:34,798 --> 02:01:36,366
OUR SILOS.

2477
02:01:36,366 --> 02:01:37,534
I'M HOPING THE WORKSHOP WHICH 

2478
02:01:37,534 --> 02:01:40,537
I'M EXCITED ABOUT WILL HELP US 

2479
02:01:40,537 --> 02:01:45,475
BRIDGE SOME OF THOSE SPACES.

2480
02:01:45,475 --> 02:01:47,911
AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ARE 

2481
02:01:47,911 --> 02:01:49,179
CONTROL NODE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR 

2482
02:01:49,179 --> 02:01:54,284
RESILIENCE WHICH I FIND EXCITING

2483
02:01:54,284 --> 02:01:57,788
AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ARE 

2484
02:01:57,788 --> 02:02:01,558
OPERATIONAL IN THE CELL SCALE 

2485
02:02:01,558 --> 02:02:03,260
AND I'D LIKE TO THANK MY 

2486
02:02:03,260 --> 02:02:04,928
COLLEAGUES WHOSE WORK I 

2487
02:02:04,928 --> 02:02:05,929
PRESENTED HERE TODAY AND I'M 

2488
02:02:05,929 --> 02:02:08,665
HOOP WHERE HE TO TAKE QUESTIONS 

2489
02:02:08,665 --> 02:02:09,132
OR MOVE THINGS ALONG.

2490
02:02:09,132 --> 02:02:14,337
THANK YOU.

2491
02:02:14,337 --> 02:02:15,305
>> THANK YOU.

2492
02:02:15,305 --> 02:02:17,140
LET ME JUST SAY AN IF IT'S 

2493
02:02:17,140 --> 02:02:21,745
POSSIBLE TO GET ALL FOUR OF THE 

2494
02:02:21,745 --> 02:02:22,879
OTHER SPEAKERS BECAUSE WE'LL 

2495
02:02:22,879 --> 02:02:23,713
HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF A 

2496
02:02:23,713 --> 02:02:24,614
ROUNDTABLE AND DISCUSSION.

2497
02:02:24,614 --> 02:02:34,090
THAT WOULD BE GREAT.

2498
02:02:34,090 --> 02:02:35,525
I'M GOING GIVE A BRIEF COMMENT 

2499
02:02:35,525 --> 02:02:37,260
AND OVERVIEW AND THANK YOU TO 

2500
02:02:37,260 --> 02:02:39,396
OUR SPEAKERS FOR TALKS FROM THE 

2501
02:02:39,396 --> 02:02:41,064
POPULATION LEVEL TO THE 

2502
02:02:41,064 --> 02:02:41,932
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL EVEN THE 

2503
02:02:41,932 --> 02:02:43,934
COMMUNITY LEVEL AS WELL AND THE 

2504
02:02:43,934 --> 02:02:44,768
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL.

2505
02:02:44,768 --> 02:02:46,803
OF COURSE DOWN TO THE TISSUE, 

2506
02:02:46,803 --> 02:02:49,773
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVEL AND

2507
02:02:49,773 --> 02:02:55,712
MAYBE A LITTLE BIT DEEPER.

2508
02:02:55,712 --> 02:02:58,982
I THINK WE ACCOMPLISHED THE GOAL

2509
02:02:58,982 --> 02:03:00,984
TO INK OF THE WHOLE SPAN OR 

2510
02:03:00,984 --> 02:03:01,685
SCOPE OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

2511
02:03:01,685 --> 02:03:05,388
RESILIENCE AND HOW SLEEP 

2512
02:03:05,388 --> 02:03:08,525
INTERACTS OF DOMAINS OF HOW WE 

2513
02:03:08,525 --> 02:03:09,292
DEFINE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

2514
02:03:09,292 --> 02:03:10,794
AND THE CLOSE INTERACTION WITH 

2515
02:03:10,794 --> 02:03:11,661
AGING.

2516
02:03:11,661 --> 02:03:13,497
I THINK WE HEARD FROM DR. COOK 

2517
02:03:13,497 --> 02:03:16,800
SOME WONDERFUL DATA AND 

2518
02:03:16,800 --> 02:03:18,468
PERSPECTIVES ON THE SOCIAL 

2519
02:03:18,468 --> 02:03:19,636
DETERMINATES OF HEALTH AND 

2520
02:03:19,636 --> 02:03:20,637
PARTICULARLY HOW THE 

2521
02:03:20,637 --> 02:03:22,639
INTERSECTIONALITY OF RACE AND 

2522
02:03:22,639 --> 02:03:24,307
GENDER CONSTRUCTS AND THE THINGS

2523
02:03:24,307 --> 02:03:27,577
THAT TRAVEL WITH THEM MAY BE 

2524
02:03:27,577 --> 02:03:29,179
VERY IMPORTANT DETERMINATES OF 

2525
02:03:29,179 --> 02:03:33,383
OUR ABILITY TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL 

2526
02:03:33,383 --> 02:03:35,952
SLEEP AND HOW IT MAY ULTIMATELY 

2527
02:03:35,952 --> 02:03:36,520
IMPACT OUR CARDIOVASCULAR 

2528
02:03:36,520 --> 02:03:37,554
RESILIENCE AND OPENS UP 

2529
02:03:37,554 --> 02:03:41,157
QUESTIONS AROUND THE POLICY 

2530
02:03:41,157 --> 02:03:44,628
ANGLES WE MIGHT USE AS LEVERS TO

2531
02:03:44,628 --> 02:03:47,197
IMPROVE SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR

2532
02:03:47,197 --> 02:03:48,031
RESILIENCE.

2533
02:03:48,031 --> 02:03:52,736
WONDERFUL DATA LOOKING AT 

2534
02:03:52,736 --> 02:03:54,604
CHRONONUTRITION AND THE 

2535
02:03:54,604 --> 02:03:57,140
GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION.

2536
02:03:57,140 --> 02:03:58,842
THERE'S DIFFERENT GENOTYPES THAT

2537
02:03:58,842 --> 02:04:00,410
RESPOND TO DIFFERENT DESIGNS TO 

2538
02:04:00,410 --> 02:04:06,349
HELP PEOPLE ACHIEVE OR MAINTAIN 

2539
02:04:06,349 --> 02:04:09,653
OPTIMAL WEIGHT LEVELS AND BY 

2540
02:04:09,653 --> 02:04:10,554
EXTENSION LEADING TO 

2541
02:04:10,554 --> 02:04:11,955
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 

2542
02:04:11,955 --> 02:04:12,255
RESILIENCE.

2543
02:04:12,255 --> 02:04:15,926
LOVELY DATA FROM DR. ORDOVAS 

2544
02:04:15,926 --> 02:04:16,126
THERE.

2545
02:04:16,126 --> 02:04:19,095
AND THINKING ARE THERE CLINICAL 

2546
02:04:19,095 --> 02:04:20,931
LEVERS WE MIGHT USE TO TRY TO 

2547
02:04:20,931 --> 02:04:26,503
IDENTIFY THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO 

2548
02:04:26,503 --> 02:04:27,604
WOULD RESPOND TO DIFFERENT TYPES

2549
02:04:27,604 --> 02:04:30,440
OF EATING PATTERNS IN TERMS OF 

2550
02:04:30,440 --> 02:04:30,640
TIME.

2551
02:04:30,640 --> 02:04:33,543
FROM DR. LUTSEY WE SAW CHANGES 

2552
02:04:33,543 --> 02:04:34,711
THAT HAPPEN WITH SLEEP AND AGING

2553
02:04:34,711 --> 02:04:39,082
AND THE INTERSECTIONS BY 

2554
02:04:39,082 --> 02:04:40,116
EXTENSION HAPPEN WITH DIFFERENT 

2555
02:04:40,116 --> 02:04:41,184
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

2556
02:04:41,184 --> 02:04:44,421
AND LOVELY DATA LOOKING AT 

2557
02:04:44,421 --> 02:04:47,157
BIOLOGICAL VERSUS CHRONOLOGICAL 

2558
02:04:47,157 --> 02:04:49,192
AGING AND HOW WE CAN TEASE THOSE

2559
02:04:49,192 --> 02:04:53,163
OUT AND A QUESTION I HAD WAS CAN

2560
02:04:53,163 --> 02:04:55,298
WE DISSECT AGING FROM 

2561
02:04:55,298 --> 02:04:55,932
CARDIOVASCULAR AGING?

2562
02:04:55,932 --> 02:04:57,901
ARE THEY DIFFERENT THINGS OR 

2563
02:04:57,901 --> 02:05:00,003
SAME THINGS?

2564
02:05:00,003 --> 02:05:00,870
 KNOW THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 

2565
02:05:00,870 --> 02:05:01,771
IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ENTIRE 

2566
02:05:01,771 --> 02:05:03,840
BODY.

2567
02:05:03,840 --> 02:05:09,713
AND FINALLY, A LOVELY TALK AT 

2568
02:05:09,713 --> 02:05:13,383
THE END FROM DR. BAUTCH WHO 

2569
02:05:13,383 --> 02:05:15,085
ANTICIPATED SOME QUESTIONS OF 

2570
02:05:15,085 --> 02:05:15,752
COURSE CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE

2571
02:05:15,752 --> 02:05:18,221
HAS TO BE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON

2572
02:05:18,221 --> 02:05:18,622
YOUR PERSPECTIVE.

2573
02:05:18,622 --> 02:05:19,923
ARE YOU THINKING AT THE 

2574
02:05:19,923 --> 02:05:21,491
POPULATION LEVEL OR COMMUNITY OR

2575
02:05:21,491 --> 02:05:23,226
INDIVIDUAL OR ORGAN SYSTEM OR 

2576
02:05:23,226 --> 02:05:25,195
TISSUE OR CELL OR MOLECULE.

2577
02:05:25,195 --> 02:05:26,896
AND I THINK THAT MAY BE ONE OF 

2578
02:05:26,896 --> 02:05:29,199
THE BEST THINGS THAT COULD COME 

2579
02:05:29,199 --> 02:05:34,170
OUT OF THIS WORKSHOP TO HAVE AN 

2580
02:05:34,170 --> 02:05:35,205
INTEGRATIVE RESILIENCE OF 

2581
02:05:35,205 --> 02:05:36,406
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE THAT 

2582
02:05:36,406 --> 02:05:37,607
CAN EXPAND AND CONTRACT 

2583
02:05:37,607 --> 02:05:38,642
DEPENDING ON THE SCOPE OR SCALE.

2584
02:05:38,642 --> 02:05:41,978
I WANT TO THANK ALL THE 

2585
02:05:41,978 --> 02:05:42,979
SPEAKERS.

2586
02:05:42,979 --> 02:05:45,715
I THINK OUR TEAM IS LOOKING 

2587
02:05:45,715 --> 02:05:49,753
FORWARD TO CURATING YOUR 

2588
02:05:49,753 --> 02:05:51,655
QUESTI

2589
02:05:51,655 --> 02:05:52,822
QUESTIONS  FOR OUR PARTICIPANTS 

2590
02:05:52,822 --> 02:05:54,057
TO PUT YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE
Q&A

2591
02:05:54,057 --> 02:05:55,325
AND WE'LL BE SURE TO ADDRESS 

2592
02:05:55,325 --> 02:05:55,592
THEM.

2593
02:05:55,592 --> 02:06:01,765
I PUT TOGETHER A FEW THINGS I 

2594
02:06:01,765 --> 02:06:09,806
THOUGHT MIGHT JUICE THE 

2595
02:06:09,806 --> 02:06:11,441
DISCUSSION AND DO A ROUND ROBIN 

2596
02:06:11,441 --> 02:06:12,842
ON THE PANEL.

2597
02:06:12,842 --> 02:06:13,777
THINKING HOW MUCH OF 

2598
02:06:13,777 --> 02:06:15,111
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE IS 

2599
02:06:15,111 --> 02:06:20,250
INTRINSIC AND HOW MUCH IS 

2600
02:06:20,250 --> 02:06:22,285
MODIFIABLE AND WHAT LEVERS DO WE

2601
02:06:22,285 --> 02:06:23,887
HAVE TO ADDRESS ANY MODIFIABLE 

2602
02:06:23,887 --> 02:06:34,064
PORTIONS.

2603
02:06:38,935 --> 02:06:40,837
>> SO I'VE BEEN THINKING
ABOUT 

2604
02:06:40,837 --> 02:06:41,738
THIS A LOT SINCE THE REPORT FROM

2605
02:06:41,738 --> 02:06:44,974
THE WORKING GROUP CAME OUT.

2606
02:06:44,974 --> 02:06:47,010
I THINK THAT THERE'S TWO LEVELS 

2607
02:06:47,010 --> 02:06:48,278
WHEN YOU THINK BIT AND A LOT OF 

2608
02:06:48,278 --> 02:06:50,547
THE WORK WE SAW OR THE 

2609
02:06:50,547 --> 02:06:52,816
PRESENTATIONS WE SAW TODAY 

2610
02:06:52,816 --> 02:06:54,684
PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT A LOT OF 

2611
02:06:54,684 --> 02:06:58,922
THESE MORE INTRINSIC, LESS 

2612
02:06:58,922 --> 02:07:00,457
MODIFIABLE RESILIENCE FEATURES.

2613
02:07:00,457 --> 02:07:04,794
IT DOESN'T MEAN THEY'RE LESS 

2614
02:07:04,794 --> 02:07:05,061
IMPORTANT.

2615
02:07:05,061 --> 02:07:05,361
I THINK IF 

2616
02:07:05,361 --> 02:07:15,538
[NO AUDIO]

2617
02:07:23,012 --> 02:07:24,514
>> BUT IT'S STILL
IMPORTANT AND 

2618
02:07:24,514 --> 02:07:25,515
THE PATHWAYS ARE COMPLEX AND WE 

2619
02:07:25,515 --> 02:07:31,054
NEED TO EMBRACE THE COMPLEXITY 

2620
02:07:31,054 --> 02:07:33,757
AND HAVE INTRINSIC FEATURES AS 

2621
02:07:33,757 --> 02:07:36,025
WELL AS MODIFIABLE RESILIENCE 

2622
02:07:36,025 --> 02:07:36,292
FEATURES.

2623
02:07:36,292 --> 02:07:38,828
AND FOR ME AS A BIO STATISTICIAN

2624
02:07:38,828 --> 02:07:40,430
AND SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST,

2625
02:07:40,430 --> 02:07:43,466
I'M TRYING TO INCREASE OUR 

2626
02:07:43,466 --> 02:07:44,734
ABILITY TO MEASURE AND 

2627
02:07:44,734 --> 02:07:46,236
UNDERSTAND THAT COMPLEXITY SO WE

2628
02:07:46,236 --> 02:07:49,672
CAN INTERVENE ON MULTIPLE 

2629
02:07:49,672 --> 02:07:51,941
LEVELS.

2630
02:07:51,941 --> 02:07:53,576
IN OUR LAST PRESENTATION 

2631
02:07:53,576 --> 02:07:57,213
TOMORROW WE'LL TALK MORE ABOUT 

2632
02:07:57,213 --> 02:07:57,747
THIS MULTI-LEVEL APPROACH.

2633
02:07:57,747 --> 02:08:06,356
I KNOW IT SEEMS GENERAL BUT AND 

2634
02:08:06,356 --> 02:08:10,160
GETTING US TO THINK OF EMBRACING

2635
02:08:10,160 --> 02:08:11,895
THE COMPLEXITY INSTEAD OF THE 

2636
02:08:11,895 --> 02:08:13,396
MORE SIMPLISTIC MATH WE'VE BEEN 

2637
02:08:13,396 --> 02:08:16,933
DOING SO FAR.

2638
02:08:16,933 --> 02:08:21,771
IN TERMS OF INTERVENTIONS MY 

2639
02:08:21,771 --> 02:08:25,809
CURRENT ROV -- RO1 IS STRUCTURAL

2640
02:08:25,809 --> 02:08:28,645
FEATURES OF CARDIO METABOLIC 

2641
02:08:28,645 --> 02:08:29,245
RISK INCLUDING SLEEP WITH 

2642
02:08:29,245 --> 02:08:31,915
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL SO DAILY.

2643
02:08:31,915 --> 02:08:33,516
HOW DO DAILY SOCIAL DETERMINATES

2644
02:08:33,516 --> 02:08:39,088
OF HEALTH LIKE THE THINGS YOU 

2645
02:08:39,088 --> 02:08:49,632
WERE TALKING ABOUT LIKE HAVING A

2646
02:08:51,768 --> 02:08:53,203
SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURE BUFFER THE 

2647
02:08:53,203 --> 02:08:53,970
NEGATIVE EFFECTS.

2648
02:08:53,970 --> 02:08:56,940
I'M TRYING TO STRESS THERE'S 

2649
02:08:56,940 --> 02:08:58,274
MULTIPLE LAYERS BUT WE NEED 

2650
02:08:58,274 --> 02:09:01,477
BETTER METRICS AND NEED AN 

2651
02:09:01,477 --> 02:09:03,079
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT AS A 

2652
02:09:03,079 --> 02:09:04,347
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY EMBRACING 

2653
02:09:04,347 --> 02:09:05,215
THIS COMPLEXITY.

2654
02:09:05,215 --> 02:09:09,752
SORRY THAT, WAS A LONG ANSWER  

2655
02:09:09,752 --> 02:09:10,453
IT.

2656
02:09:10,453 --> 02:09:15,024
DR. ORDOVAS INTRINSIC 

2657
02:09:15,024 --> 02:09:15,358
MODIFIABLE.

2658
02:09:15,358 --> 02:09:20,563
YOUR DATA SHOWS MODIFIABILITY 

2659
02:09:20,563 --> 02:09:22,298
HERE WITH CHRONONUTRITION BUT WE

2660
02:09:22,298 --> 02:09:23,666
MAY NEED TO KNOW SOMETHING ABOUT

2661
02:09:23,666 --> 02:09:24,868
THE INDIVIDUAL BEFORE WE CAN 

2662
02:09:24,868 --> 02:09:26,536
OPTIMIZE OUR INTERVENTION.

2663
02:09:26,536 --> 02:09:31,608
>> ABSOLUTELY.

2664
02:09:31,608 --> 02:09:35,812
WE COME BACK TO THE ONE SIZE 

2665
02:09:35,812 --> 02:09:40,216
DOES NOT FIT ALL FOR SOME AND 

2666
02:09:40,216 --> 02:09:45,154
THERE'S A DOMINANT FACTOR AND WE

2667
02:09:45,154 --> 02:09:50,159
SAW THE EXAMPLE OF THE MONOGENIC

2668
02:09:50,159 --> 02:10:00,703
DISORDERS AND FOR THE MOST PART 

2669
02:10:02,705 --> 02:10:09,913
EARLY STATUS TAKE ABOUT 20%, 25%

2670
02:10:09,913 --> 02:10:14,317
AND THE REST IS UP TO US IN THE 

2671
02:10:14,317 --> 02:10:15,051
WORKSHOP AND WE HAVE SEEN 

2672
02:10:15,051 --> 02:10:20,890
ALREADY AND GOING TO SEE THE 

2673
02:10:20,890 --> 02:10:26,896
FACTORS THAT ARE MOD FINALLYING.

2674
02:10:26,896 --> 02:10:32,502
THERE WAS THE TIME OF COVID.

2675
02:10:32,502 --> 02:10:39,609
THAT WAS AN IMPACT TO MAKE 

2676
02:10:39,609 --> 02:10:50,153
RESILIENCE MODIFIABLE SO WE HAVE

2677
02:10:50,920 --> 02:10:53,056
ROOM TO WORK ON THE MODIFIABLES.

2678
02:10:53,056 --> 02:10:57,894
>> PERFECT, THANKS SO
MUCH.

2679
02:10:57,894 --> 02:11:02,298
SO DR. LUTSEY, YOUR THOUGHTS ON 

2680
02:11:02,298 --> 02:11:03,166
INTRINSIC OR MODIFIABLE.

2681
02:11:03,166 --> 02:11:05,501
AND IS AGING RESILIENCE THE SAME

2682
02:11:05,501 --> 02:11:06,402
AS CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE OR 

2683
02:11:06,402 --> 02:11:11,474
ARE THEY DIFFERENT SOMEHOW?

2684
02:11:11,474 --> 02:11:13,576
>> FIRST, REGARDING
MODIFIABLE 

2685
02:11:13,576 --> 02:11:15,478
OR NOT MODIFIABLE, ABSOLUTELY 

2686
02:11:15,478 --> 02:11:17,213
MODIFIABLE AND THERE'S 

2687
02:11:17,213 --> 02:11:19,315
OPPORTUNITIES TO SLEEP AND 

2688
02:11:19,315 --> 02:11:23,219
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE 

2689
02:11:23,219 --> 02:11:25,421
THINKING ABOUT AGE AND THE OTHER

2690
02:11:25,421 --> 02:11:26,756
SEVEN METRICS HAVE MORE RESEARCH

2691
02:11:26,756 --> 02:11:32,128
AND CLINICAL TRIALS EXPERIMENTAL

2692
02:11:32,128 --> 02:11:36,833
RESEARCH DEMONSTRATING CLEAR 

2693
02:11:36,833 --> 02:11:38,101
CAUSAL RELATIONS AND CLINICAL 

2694
02:11:38,101 --> 02:11:41,371
TRIALS IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO TEST

2695
02:11:41,371 --> 02:11:42,505
SOME OF THESE THROUGH 

2696
02:11:42,505 --> 02:11:48,578
ENCOURAGING EXTENDING SLEEP 

2697
02:11:48,578 --> 02:11:51,481
TIME, CORRECTING CIRCADIAN 

2698
02:11:51,481 --> 02:11:53,316
RHYTHM AND TRAINING SLEEP APNEA 

2699
02:11:53,316 --> 02:11:55,551
AND OTHER CONDITIONS THAT ARE 

2700
02:11:55,551 --> 02:11:56,686
HAVE CLEAR ROLES IN 

2701
02:11:56,686 --> 02:11:57,587
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE BUT 

2702
02:11:57,587 --> 02:11:59,622
WHERE MAYBE YOU DON'T HAVE AS 

2703
02:11:59,622 --> 02:12:00,289
MUCH AS TRIAL DATA AS YOU WOULD 

2704
02:12:00,289 --> 02:12:10,400
LIKE.

2705
02:12:11,434 --> 02:12:13,336
TO YOUR QUESTION THEY'RE 

2706
02:12:13,336 --> 02:12:15,905
DIFFERENT BUT INTERRELATED.

2707
02:12:15,905 --> 02:12:21,444
THERE'S COMMON FOUNDATIONS IN 

2708
02:12:21,444 --> 02:12:25,648
TERMS OF SLEEP, DITE, PHYSICAL 

2709
02:12:25,648 --> 02:12:28,985
OBESITY AND THEY LINK WITH AGING

2710
02:12:28,985 --> 02:12:30,753
AND IN GENERAL I THINK THERE'S 

2711
02:12:30,753 --> 02:12:31,421
SPECIFIC THINGS TO 

2712
02:12:31,421 --> 02:12:32,355
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND IF 

2713
02:12:32,355 --> 02:12:34,957
YOU LOOK AT SOME OF THE AGING 

2714
02:12:34,957 --> 02:12:35,992
THAT HAVE BEEN CREATED SOME ARE 

2715
02:12:35,992 --> 02:12:39,796
FOR AGING IN GENERAL AND SOME DO

2716
02:12:39,796 --> 02:12:42,231
FOCUS ON SPECIFIC ORGANS AND 

2717
02:12:42,231 --> 02:12:47,236
HAVE DIFFERENT ASSOCIATIONS.

2718
02:12:47,236 --> 02:12:51,441
I THINK DIFFERENT BUT 

2719
02:12:51,441 --> 02:12:52,008
INTERRELATES AND THERE'S 

2720
02:12:52,008 --> 02:12:53,309
INTERESTING WORK IN THIS RIGHT 

2721
02:12:53,309 --> 02:12:53,609
NOW.

2722
02:12:53,609 --> 02:12:58,414
>> I COMPLETELY AGREE.

2723
02:12:58,414 --> 02:13:02,718
YOU'RE ALLOWED TO SAY BOTH ENDS 

2724
02:13:02,718 --> 02:13:03,553
SO NO PROBLEM.

2725
02:13:03,553 --> 02:13:05,421
DR. BAUTCH, I LOVE YOUR 

2726
02:13:05,421 --> 02:13:07,657
PERSPECTIVE AND WHY DON'T YOU 

2727
02:13:07,657 --> 02:13:08,825
ANSWER THE MAIN QUESTION ABOUT 

2728
02:13:08,825 --> 02:13:14,430
INTRINSIC OR MODIFIABLE AND IF 

2729
02:13:14,430 --> 02:13:20,503
MODIFIABLE CAN WE CHANGE THE 

2730
02:13:20,503 --> 02:13:22,205
FLOW TO ENHANCE CARDIOVASCULAR 

2731
02:13:22,205 --> 02:13:22,505
RESILIENCE?

2732
02:13:22,505 --> 02:13:24,474
>> THAT'S AN INTERESTING
IDEA.

2733
02:13:24,474 --> 02:13:25,775
ALONG WITH MOST OTHERS THE 

2734
02:13:25,775 --> 02:13:33,749
GENERAL THEME IS YES, THERE IS 

2735
02:13:33,749 --> 02:13:34,884
INTRINSIC RESILIENCE AND THAT'S 

2736
02:13:34,884 --> 02:13:40,890
LOUD AND CLEAR WHEN YOU LOOK THE

2737
02:13:40,890 --> 02:13:45,761
MECHANISMS THEY'RE HARD WIRED IN

2738
02:13:45,761 --> 02:13:47,630
THE CELLS AND GO OUT FROM THERE.

2739
02:13:47,630 --> 02:13:50,032
THERE'S MODIFIABLE ASPECTS.

2740
02:13:50,032 --> 02:13:51,968
ONE OF THE GOALS OF THE LEVEL AT

2741
02:13:51,968 --> 02:13:54,604
WHICH WE AND OTHERS WORK IS 

2742
02:13:54,604 --> 02:13:55,371
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND TRYING TO 

2743
02:13:55,371 --> 02:13:56,839
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MODIFIABLE 

2744
02:13:56,839 --> 02:13:59,008
AND HOW TO MODIFY IT.

2745
02:13:59,008 --> 02:14:00,877
AND YOU BROUGHT UP THE IDEA OF 

2746
02:14:00,877 --> 02:14:05,748
PERHAPS TRYING TO SOMEHOW MODIFY

2747
02:14:05,748 --> 02:14:10,119
THE STIMULUS AND FLOW AND 

2748
02:14:10,119 --> 02:14:11,787
PULSITIVITY AND THERE'S WAYS TO 

2749
02:14:11,787 --> 02:14:14,257
DO THAT AND THERE'S ALSO WAYS TO

2750
02:14:14,257 --> 02:14:15,258
THINK ABOUT FROM THE CELL 

2751
02:14:15,258 --> 02:14:16,526
PERSPECTIVE CAN WE MODIFY THE 

2752
02:14:16,526 --> 02:14:18,227
RESPONSE OF THE CELL AND THE 

2753
02:14:18,227 --> 02:14:26,202
FIRST VIGNETTE I SHOWED CHANGING

2754
02:14:26,202 --> 02:14:29,205
THE CELLS IS ONE CONCEPT AND 

2755
02:14:29,205 --> 02:14:30,907
THERE MAY BE SITUATION WHERE'S 

2756
02:14:30,907 --> 02:14:33,743
IF YOU CHANGE THE SET POINT YOU 

2757
02:14:33,743 --> 02:14:39,682
WOULD DEFLECT A RESPONSE OR 

2758
02:14:39,682 --> 02:14:43,853
BRING IT BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS 

2759
02:14:43,853 --> 02:14:46,956
MORE QUICKLY AND GOING UNDER THE

2760
02:14:46,956 --> 02:14:49,358
HOOD AND LOOKING AT THE 

2761
02:14:49,358 --> 02:14:50,927
DIFFERENT PATHWAYS AND WHAT THEY

2762
02:14:50,927 --> 02:14:52,762
CONTRIBUTE TO THOSE RESPONSES 

2763
02:14:52,762 --> 02:14:54,096
THEN BECOMES THE STARTING POINT 

2764
02:14:54,096 --> 02:15:00,503
FOR THINK ALSO ABOUT HOW TO DO 

2765
02:15:00,503 --> 02:15:01,904
MODIFIABLE THINGS WITH DRUG 

2766
02:15:01,904 --> 02:15:03,573
TARGETS, ETCETERA.

2767
02:15:03,573 --> 02:15:04,207
>> PERFECT.

2768
02:15:04,207 --> 02:15:05,575
SO WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM THE 

2769
02:15:05,575 --> 02:15:06,709
AUDIENCE.

2770
02:15:06,709 --> 02:15:09,245
I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND PIVOT 

2771
02:15:09,245 --> 02:15:10,246
TO THAT.

2772
02:15:10,246 --> 02:15:11,280
AGAIN, I THINK WONDERFUL TALKS 

2773
02:15:11,280 --> 02:15:14,550
AND I WANT TO MAKE SURE OUR GET 

2774
02:15:14,550 --> 02:15:16,385
TO ENGAGE.

2775
02:15:16,385 --> 02:15:19,088
A QUESTION FOR YOU, I'M 

2776
02:15:19,088 --> 02:15:21,757
WONDERING HOW ENDOTHELIAL CELLS 

2777
02:15:21,757 --> 02:15:24,093
IN SET POINT MAY BE AFFECTED OR 

2778
02:15:24,093 --> 02:15:26,229
ALTERED IN THE CONTEXT OF SLEEP 

2779
02:15:26,229 --> 02:15:36,772
APNEA WHERE THERE'S INTERMITTENT

2780
02:15:38,307 --> 02:15:47,216
HYPOXIA DURING SLEEP.

2781
02:15:47,216 --> 02:15:49,252
THE SET POINTS AND HOW THEY 

2782
02:15:49,252 --> 02:15:51,654
RESPOND IS RELATIVELY NEW.

2783
02:15:51,654 --> 02:15:54,357
>> I THINK THOSE ARE SOME
OF THE

2784
02:15:54,357 --> 02:16:00,096
QUESTIONS WE WANT TO ASK AND IS 

2785
02:16:00,096 --> 02:16:03,065
GOING REQUIRE MOVING THROUGH 

2786
02:16:03,065 --> 02:16:04,600
DIFFERENT SCALES TO BE ABLE TO 

2787
02:16:04,600 --> 02:16:06,302
ASK ABOUT THAT BUT AGAIN IF WE 

2788
02:16:06,302 --> 02:16:10,373
HAVE ANIMAL MODELS AND WE CAN 

2789
02:16:10,373 --> 02:16:13,142
MANIPULATE THE SET POINTS IN 

2790
02:16:13,142 --> 02:16:15,278
VARIOUS WAYS, WE CAN TRY TO 

2791
02:16:15,278 --> 02:16:15,945
ADDRESS THAT VERY INTERESTING 

2792
02:16:15,945 --> 02:16:16,212
QUESTION.

2793
02:16:16,212 --> 02:16:22,518
THANK YOU.

2794
02:16:22,518 --> 02:16:23,653
>> THANK YOU.

2795
02:16:23,653 --> 02:16:25,388
DR. COOK, I SEE A QUESTION THAT 

2796
02:16:25,388 --> 02:16:28,324
IS PROBABLY BEST TAILORED TO 

2797
02:16:28,324 --> 02:16:28,624
YOU.

2798
02:16:28,624 --> 02:16:30,359
THE OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATIONAL 

2799
02:16:30,359 --> 02:16:33,062
ASPECT IS A SUBSET OF SOCIO 

2800
02:16:33,062 --> 02:16:37,166
ECONOMIC DECISION AND THINGS YOU

2801
02:16:37,166 --> 02:16:39,869
WERE TALKING ABOUT AND ADVERSE 

2802
02:16:39,869 --> 02:16:41,037
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SLEEP AND 

2803
02:16:41,037 --> 02:16:45,508
EXERCISE INCLUDE SHIFT WORK, 

2804
02:16:45,508 --> 02:16:47,543
WORKING TWO PLUS PART-TIME JOBS 

2805
02:16:47,543 --> 02:16:48,377
AND SO ON.

2806
02:16:48,377 --> 02:16:50,413
HOW CAN WE MODIFY THOSE THINGS, 

2807
02:16:50,413 --> 02:16:52,381
IF WE MODIFY THOSE THINGS CAN 

2808
02:16:52,381 --> 02:16:53,649
EXPECT IMPROVEMENTS IN 

2809
02:16:53,649 --> 02:16:54,183
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 

2810
02:16:54,183 --> 02:17:02,758
RESILIENCE?

2811
02:17:02,758 --> 02:17:05,194
I FORGOT WHO ALLUDED TO THE 

2812
02:17:05,194 --> 02:17:08,164
COVID SITUATION EARLIER AND WE 

2813
02:17:08,164 --> 02:17:12,702
SAW STRESSORS TO THE RACE AND 

2814
02:17:12,702 --> 02:17:15,271
RACISM AND OCCUPATION PLAY OUT 

2815
02:17:15,271 --> 02:17:16,272
CLEARLY DURING TIMES OF COVID.

2816
02:17:16,272 --> 02:17:21,744
ONE THING WE HAVE TAKEN FROM 

2817
02:17:21,744 --> 02:17:26,649
THIS TIME IS HOW CHANGES IN THAT

2818
02:17:26,649 --> 02:17:30,753
AREA CAN HELP IN TERMS OF HEALTH

2819
02:17:30,753 --> 02:17:33,622
AND WELL BEING AN IN TERMS OF 

2820
02:17:33,622 --> 02:17:34,256
SLEEP, HOPEFULLY SLEEP HEALTH AS

2821
02:17:34,256 --> 02:17:42,598
WELL.

2822
02:17:42,598 --> 02:17:43,866
WHEN YOU ASK THAT QUESTION 

2823
02:17:43,866 --> 02:17:45,868
YOU'RE RIGHT WE NEED TO MODIFY 

2824
02:17:45,868 --> 02:17:47,002
SOCIO POLITICAL STRUCTURES IF 

2825
02:17:47,002 --> 02:17:52,375
WE'RE GOING TO CHANGE THESE 

2826
02:17:52,375 --> 02:18:01,817
THINGS AND SEE AFFECTS IN SLEEP 

2827
02:18:01,817 --> 02:18:05,187
HEALTH AND WE HAVE SO MUCH 

2828
02:18:05,187 --> 02:18:13,763
RESEARCH ON OTHER ASPECTS OF 

2829
02:18:13,763 --> 02:18:18,968
THIS BUT THINGS WE'RE LACKING ON

2830
02:18:18,968 --> 02:18:23,005
IS SLEEP AND SOCIO POLITICAL 

2831
02:18:23,005 --> 02:18:23,973
PROTECTIVE OR RESILIENCE FACTORS

2832
02:18:23,973 --> 02:18:26,242
WE NEED TO FOCUS ON SO WE KNOW 

2833
02:18:26,242 --> 02:18:29,745
SHIFT WORK IS DEFINITELY IF 

2834
02:18:29,745 --> 02:18:31,580
YOU'RE THIRD SHIFT DETRIMENTAL 

2835
02:18:31,580 --> 02:18:34,483
TO SLEEP HEALTH BUT WHAT'S THAT 

2836
02:18:34,483 --> 02:18:36,218
MEAN AND FOR WHOM AND WHY AND 

2837
02:18:36,218 --> 02:18:38,053
WHAT CULTURAL SHIFTS DO WE NEED 

2838
02:18:38,053 --> 02:18:39,021
TO MAKE?

2839
02:18:39,021 --> 02:18:42,324
ALL THIS WORK WE STILL NEED TO 

2840
02:18:42,324 --> 02:18:43,793
DO AND THE PEOPLE IN THIS AREA 

2841
02:18:43,793 --> 02:18:45,561
THAT I'M WORKING ON ARE TRYING 

2842
02:18:45,561 --> 02:18:48,130
TO DO MORE OF THAT WORK 

2843
02:18:48,130 --> 02:18:49,765
ESPECIALLY IN A MORE CAUSAL 

2844
02:18:49,765 --> 02:18:58,507
FRAMEWORK.

2845
02:18:58,507 --> 02:19:04,180
>> THE QUESTIONER NOTES
THERE'S 

2846
02:19:04,180 --> 02:19:07,516
SOME SNIPS BUT CAN CHANGE WITH 

2847
02:19:07,516 --> 02:19:11,487
AGE AND WHAT'S THE SENSE OF THE 

2848
02:19:11,487 --> 02:19:15,291
CHRONOTYPE SHOULD IDENTIFY 

2849
02:19:15,291 --> 02:19:17,293
INDIVIDUALS WITH OLDER AGE BASED

2850
02:19:17,293 --> 02:19:20,296
ON THEIR CHRONOTYPE.

2851
02:19:20,296 --> 02:19:21,831
ARE WE ALWAYS EVENING OR MORNING

2852
02:19:21,831 --> 02:19:23,833
TYPES AND IS THERE A NORM THAT 

2853
02:19:23,833 --> 02:19:26,969
NEEDS TO BE SPECIFIC IS WHAT THE

2854
02:19:26,969 --> 02:19:27,937
QUESTIONER'S I THINK IS GETTING 

2855
02:19:27,937 --> 02:19:28,103
AT.

2856
02:19:28,103 --> 02:19:35,077
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
QUESTION.

2857
02:19:35,077 --> 02:19:37,246
FOR SOME PEOPLE SHIFTING A FEW 

2858
02:19:37,246 --> 02:19:39,181
HOURS MAY BE FINE BUT FOR OTHERS

2859
02:19:39,181 --> 02:19:44,854
THERE'S A GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF 

2860
02:19:44,854 --> 02:19:49,325
PATHOLOGY AND SO LOOKING AT 

2861
02:19:49,325 --> 02:19:55,598
SYMPTOMS AND HOW IT'S AFFECTING 

2862
02:19:55,598 --> 02:20:00,536
A PERSON'S LIFE AND CHANGES 

2863
02:20:00,536 --> 02:20:02,137
ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE AND MUCH 

2864
02:20:02,137 --> 02:20:03,839
WORK HAS BEEN CROSS SECTIONAL 

2865
02:20:03,839 --> 02:20:05,241
AND ADDITIONAL EXPLORATION IS 

2866
02:20:05,241 --> 02:20:05,508
NEEDED.

2867
02:20:05,508 --> 02:20:15,784
>> THANKS, PAM.

2868
02:20:23,626 --> 02:20:27,396
>> CAN WE FIGHT OUR
INTRINSIC 

2869
02:20:27,396 --> 02:20:27,830
CHRONOTYPE?

2870
02:20:27,830 --> 02:20:32,067
SHOULD A NIGHT OWL BE ENCOURAGED

2871
02:20:32,067 --> 02:20:33,769
TO FIGHT THEIR CHRONOTYPE OR 

2872
02:20:33,769 --> 02:20:35,804
BETTER TO ENSURE OUR BEHAVIORS 

2873
02:20:35,804 --> 02:20:38,240
ALIGNED WITH OUR INTRINSIC 

2874
02:20:38,240 --> 02:20:41,210
CHRONOTYPE?

2875
02:20:41,210 --> 02:20:51,654
YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THAT.

2876
02:21:10,406 --> 02:21:13,075
>> SOME PREFER THE NIGHT
SHIFT 

2877
02:21:13,075 --> 02:21:13,676
AND OTHER PREFER THE MORNING 

2878
02:21:13,676 --> 02:21:20,583
SHIFT.

2879
02:21:20,583 --> 02:21:23,052
OUR HYPOTHESIS IS THE NIGHT 

2880
02:21:23,052 --> 02:21:24,587
SHIFT POORER CARDIOVASCULAR 

2881
02:21:24,587 --> 02:21:29,124
HEALTH BUT IT'S NOT ENTIRELY 

2882
02:21:29,124 --> 02:21:30,993
CORRECT BECAUSE THE PEOPLE WITH 

2883
02:21:30,993 --> 02:21:31,827
POORER CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ARE

2884
02:21:31,827 --> 02:21:34,964
THE SHIFTERS THE ONES THAT SPEND

2885
02:21:34,964 --> 02:21:36,532
ONE MONTH IN THE MORNING SHIFT 

2886
02:21:36,532 --> 02:21:37,299
AND ANOTHER MONTH IN THE EVENING

2887
02:21:37,299 --> 02:21:47,409
SHIFT.

2888
02:21:54,516 --> 02:21:59,888
AND THESE PEOPLE HAVE WORSE 

2889
02:21:59,888 --> 02:22:01,757
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

2890
02:22:01,757 --> 02:22:12,401
PROBABLY DUE TO GENETICS MORE 

2891
02:22:12,401 --> 02:22:14,536
WORK TO BE DONE BUT IT'S 

2892
02:22:14,536 --> 02:22:17,239
DIFFICULT TO SWIM UPSTREAM 

2893
02:22:17,239 --> 02:22:19,942
AGAINST YOUR NATURAL INTRINSIC 

2894
02:22:19,942 --> 02:22:22,444
CHRONOTYPE IS WHAT YOU'RE 

2895
02:22:22,444 --> 02:22:22,878
SAYING.

2896
02:22:22,878 --> 02:22:24,580
>> YES.

2897
02:22:24,580 --> 02:22:28,484
>> TWO MORE QUESTIONERS
ARE 

2898
02:22:28,484 --> 02:22:31,854
GETTING TO THE MEAT OF THE ISSUE

2899
02:22:31,854 --> 02:22:35,224
AND IT'S GETTING TO GENERAL 

2900
02:22:35,224 --> 02:22:35,724
HEALTH RESILIENCE AND 

2901
02:22:35,724 --> 02:22:36,825
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

2902
02:22:36,825 --> 02:22:37,126
RESILIENCE.

2903
02:22:37,126 --> 02:22:38,527
DO WE NEED DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS

2904
02:22:38,527 --> 02:22:39,561
DEPENDING ON WHETHER WE'RE 

2905
02:22:39,561 --> 02:22:42,631
THINKING ABOUT THE HEART, BRAIN,

2906
02:22:42,631 --> 02:22:44,166
KIDNEY OR ARE THERE COMMON 

2907
02:22:44,166 --> 02:22:44,667
THREADS HERE.

2908
02:22:44,667 --> 02:22:47,936
AND IF SO, WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC

2909
02:22:47,936 --> 02:22:49,338
THINGS THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2910
02:22:49,338 --> 02:22:51,740
THAT MIGHT INDICATE TO US THESE 

2911
02:22:51,740 --> 02:22:53,776
ARE CRITICALLY IMPORTANT METRICS

2912
02:22:53,776 --> 02:22:54,710
FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

2913
02:22:54,710 --> 02:22:57,813
YOU MAY SEE ONE OF THESE IN THE 

2914
02:22:57,813 --> 02:23:05,454
CHAT WHICH MIGHT HELP GUIDE YOU 

2915
02:23:05,454 --> 02:23:07,222
BUT A COROLLARY THAT'S AN 

2916
02:23:07,222 --> 02:23:10,793
INTERESTING QUESTION IS CAN WE 

2917
02:23:10,793 --> 02:23:11,393
DEFINE RESILIENCE WITHOUT A 

2918
02:23:11,393 --> 02:23:14,229
PERTURBATION?

2919
02:23:14,229 --> 02:23:17,266
DOES RESILIENCE REQUIRE 

2920
02:23:17,266 --> 02:23:19,768
PERTURBATION OR IS THERE ALL THE

2921
02:23:19,768 --> 02:23:21,336
TIME AND DOESN'T MATTER WHAT THE

2922
02:23:21,336 --> 02:23:22,771
PERTURBATION IS GOING TO BE AND 

2923
02:23:22,771 --> 02:23:24,173
THAT'S AN INTERESTING CONCEPT AS

2924
02:23:24,173 --> 02:23:24,473
WELL.

2925
02:23:24,473 --> 02:23:26,241
MUST THERE BE AN INSULT FOR TO 

2926
02:23:26,241 --> 02:23:27,609
US SAY THIS PERSON IS RESILIENT 

2927
02:23:27,609 --> 02:23:30,846
OR CAN WE DEFINE THIS EVEN 

2928
02:23:30,846 --> 02:23:31,580
EARLIER THAN THAT OCCURRENCE.

2929
02:23:31,580 --> 02:23:33,749
I'LL OPEN THAT UP TO ANYBODY WHO

2930
02:23:33,749 --> 02:23:36,118
HAS THOUGHTS ON ALL THESE 

2931
02:23:36,118 --> 02:23:36,685
ISSUES.

2932
02:23:36,685 --> 02:23:37,419
SPECIFICITY TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

2933
02:23:37,419 --> 02:23:39,621
RESILIENCE AND CAN WE DEFINE 

2934
02:23:39,621 --> 02:23:41,657
SOMETHING AT ANY LEVEL THAT 

2935
02:23:41,657 --> 02:23:42,624
DOESN'T REQUIRE IN STULT TO 

2936
02:23:42,624 --> 02:23:51,767
PROVE IT?

2937
02:23:51,767 --> 02:23:52,634
MEATY QUESTIONS.

2938
02:23:52,634 --> 02:23:53,368
DOES ANYBODY WANT TO TAKE THAT 

2939
02:23:53,368 --> 02:23:58,173
ON?

2940
02:23:58,173 --> 02:24:00,442
>> IT DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU
CALL 

2941
02:24:00,442 --> 02:24:03,412
INSULT.

2942
02:24:03,412 --> 02:24:07,983
WE HAVE DEFINED IT FROM THE 

2943
02:24:07,983 --> 02:24:12,688
PHASE THAT'S AN INFLAMMATORY 

2944
02:24:12,688 --> 02:24:15,557
STATE AFTER ALL AND TEND TO USE 

2945
02:24:15,557 --> 02:24:21,764
THAT AS A MEASURE OF 

2946
02:24:21,764 --> 02:24:24,366
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

2947
02:24:24,366 --> 02:24:27,803
LOOKING AT PARTICLES AND 

2948
02:24:27,803 --> 02:24:33,041
ASSOCIATED THE CONCEPT OF THE 

2949
02:24:33,041 --> 02:24:35,611
PHENOTYPIC OF METABOLIC 

2950
02:24:35,611 --> 02:24:39,581
REFLEXIVITY AND HOW FAST WE'RE 

2951
02:24:39,581 --> 02:24:41,216
ABLE TO RETURN TO THE BASELINE 

2952
02:24:41,216 --> 02:24:51,527
AFTER THE INSULT.

2953
02:24:57,399 --> 02:24:57,900
>> OTHER THOUGHTS ABOUT
THE 

2954
02:24:57,900 --> 02:25:00,169
ISSUE?

2955
02:25:00,169 --> 02:25:01,737
AGAIN, PRETTY LARGE PHILOSOPHY I

2956
02:25:01,737 --> 02:25:08,977
THINK HERE.

2957
02:25:08,977 --> 02:25:12,581
>> YOU HEAR THE ANECDOTES
OF 

2958
02:25:12,581 --> 02:25:14,349
SOMEONE WHO SMOKED A PACK A DAY 

2959
02:25:14,349 --> 02:25:16,518
AND LIVED TO 95.

2960
02:25:16,518 --> 02:25:18,954
CLEARLY, THEY HAD THE INSULT AND

2961
02:25:18,954 --> 02:25:22,090
THEY WERE RESILIENT.

2962
02:25:22,090 --> 02:25:23,826
IF SOMEONE'S HEALTHY BUT DON'T 

2963
02:25:23,826 --> 02:25:25,360
HAVE SMOKING INSULT AS IT HARD 

2964
02:25:25,360 --> 02:25:26,795
TO KNOW WHERE THEY STAND IN 

2965
02:25:26,795 --> 02:25:27,296
TERMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

2966
02:25:27,296 --> 02:25:37,506
RESILIENCE.

2967
02:25:37,940 --> 02:25:41,543
>> IT'S OF IT MAY EASY TO
DEFINE

2968
02:25:41,543 --> 02:25:43,679
IN RETROSPECT.

2969
02:25:43,679 --> 02:25:49,084
GREAT, MAYBE I'LL PIVOT TO 

2970
02:25:49,084 --> 02:25:49,718
ANOTHER SPECIFIC QUESTION AND 

2971
02:25:49,718 --> 02:25:52,387
DR. COOK, CAN YOU SPEAK TO THE 

2972
02:25:52,387 --> 02:25:53,288
BALANCE BETWEEN LEVERAGING 

2973
02:25:53,288 --> 02:25:54,957
RESILIENCE AMONG BLACK ADULTS 

2974
02:25:54,957 --> 02:25:56,625
WITH THE IDEA RESILIENCE CAN 

2975
02:25:56,625 --> 02:25:58,794
HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON BLACK 

2976
02:25:58,794 --> 02:26:00,796
ADULTS AND CERTAIN TYPES OF 

2977
02:26:00,796 --> 02:26:01,363
RESILIENCE SPECIFICALLY.

2978
02:26:01,363 --> 02:26:05,968
>> YES.

2979
02:26:05,968 --> 02:26:09,338
FOR PEOPLE IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL 

2980
02:26:09,338 --> 02:26:10,873
RESILIENCE FIELD IT'S 

2981
02:26:10,873 --> 02:26:11,974
COMPLICATES BECAUSE WE HAVE MANY

2982
02:26:11,974 --> 02:26:15,110
MIXED FINDINGS RELATED TO THE 

2983
02:26:15,110 --> 02:26:16,578
AFFECTS OF RESILIENCE AND A 

2984
02:26:16,578 --> 02:26:17,713
PERSONALLY THINK THAT'S RELATED 

2985
02:26:17,713 --> 02:26:20,816
TO THE DIFFERENCES IN THE WAYS 

2986
02:26:20,816 --> 02:26:23,952
IN WHICH WE MEASURE RESILIENCE 

2987
02:26:23,952 --> 02:26:26,355
AND THAT'S WHY AS A SOCIAL 

2988
02:26:26,355 --> 02:26:26,955
BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST I MOVED 

2989
02:26:26,955 --> 02:26:29,925
AWAY FROM SOME OF OUR RESILIENCE

2990
02:26:29,925 --> 02:26:31,059
SCALES THAT HAVE SHOWN THESE 

2991
02:26:31,059 --> 02:26:34,463
KIND OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS WHEN WE

2992
02:26:34,463 --> 02:26:37,065
TALK ABOUT BLACK AMERICANS TO 

2993
02:26:37,065 --> 02:26:38,767
THINKING MORE ABOUT THE OUTCOME 

2994
02:26:38,767 --> 02:26:42,871
RESILIENCE WHICH IS REALLY ABOUT

2995
02:26:42,871 --> 02:26:48,744
SOCIAL SAFETIES AND SUPPORTS AND

2996
02:26:48,744 --> 02:26:54,116
PROTECTIVE FACTORS WHY WE KNOW 

2997
02:26:54,116 --> 02:27:04,660
THEY'RE MODIFIABLE AND TWO, AND 

2998
02:27:09,831 --> 02:27:14,736
FIRST, RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD 

2999
02:27:14,736 --> 02:27:16,438
AND TWO WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT 

3000
02:27:16,438 --> 02:27:18,407
THE WAYS WE TALK AND THINK ABOUT

3001
02:27:18,407 --> 02:27:23,578
RESILIENCE AND NUMBER THREE, I 

3002
02:27:23,578 --> 02:27:27,382
THINK ALSO THE CONCEPT OF 

3003
02:27:27,382 --> 02:27:27,950
RESILIENCE IN TERMS OF 

3004
02:27:27,950 --> 02:27:29,284
CARDIOVASCULAR METABOLIC HEALTH 

3005
02:27:29,284 --> 02:27:31,486
BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP SPECIFICALLY 

3006
02:27:31,486 --> 02:27:33,622
CAN BE POWERFUL.

3007
02:27:33,622 --> 02:27:35,490
IF WE TAKE THE APPROACH OF THE 

3008
02:27:35,490 --> 02:27:40,929
WORKING GROUP USE IN THEIR 

3009
02:27:40,929 --> 02:27:44,032
DEFINITION TO TACKLE IT AT 

3010
02:27:44,032 --> 02:27:46,401
MULTIPLE LEVELS INCLUDING THE 

3011
02:27:46,401 --> 02:27:47,836
RESILIENCE AND I WOULD ARGUE 

3012
02:27:47,836 --> 02:27:49,705
MAYBE NOT SO MUCH PSYCHOLOGICAL 

3013
02:27:49,705 --> 02:27:50,572
RESILIENCE AND MORE 

3014
02:27:50,572 --> 02:27:55,877
ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL IF 

3015
02:27:55,877 --> 02:27:58,280
WE WANT TO HAVE A BETTER 

3016
02:27:58,280 --> 02:28:00,182
UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT THIS LOOKS

3017
02:28:00,182 --> 02:28:02,918
LIKE FOR DIFFERENT AMERICANS AND

3018
02:28:02,918 --> 02:28:04,353
BLACK AMERICANS HIGHLY AFFECTED 

3019
02:28:04,353 --> 02:28:05,087
BY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 

3020
02:28:05,087 --> 02:28:10,592
NUMBER TWO, IF WASN'T TO PREVENT

3021
02:28:10,592 --> 02:28:11,893
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY.

3022
02:28:11,893 --> 02:28:15,297
I HOPE THAT KIND OF ANSWERS YOUR

3023
02:28:15,297 --> 02:28:18,266
QUESTION WITHOUT GOING DOWN THE 

3024
02:28:18,266 --> 02:28:19,434
RABBIT HOLE OF DEBATE AMONGST 

3025
02:28:19,434 --> 02:28:20,535
RESILIENCE RESEARCHERS AT THE 

3026
02:28:20,535 --> 02:28:21,069
MOMENT.

3027
02:28:21,069 --> 02:28:26,408
>> I THINK YOU DRAW AN
IMPORTANT

3028
02:28:26,408 --> 02:28:27,542
DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE SOCIO 

3029
02:28:27,542 --> 02:28:32,948
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL AND 

3030
02:28:32,948 --> 02:28:33,582
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND 

3031
02:28:33,582 --> 02:28:34,082
THEY REQUIRE DIFFERENT 

3032
02:28:34,082 --> 02:28:35,183
INTERVENTIONS I WOULD SAY.

3033
02:28:35,183 --> 02:28:38,020
WE MAY HAVE TO THINK ABOUT THESE

3034
02:28:38,020 --> 02:28:39,621
IN LESS INTEGRATIVE WAYS BUT 

3035
02:28:39,621 --> 02:28:43,859
IT'S A GREAT ANSWER.

3036
02:28:43,859 --> 02:28:45,394
AND THEN ONE OTHER QUESTION THAT

3037
02:28:45,394 --> 02:28:48,163
CAME IN ABOUT OPTIMAL STRATEGIES

3038
02:28:48,163 --> 02:28:49,031
FOR AMERICA CARDIOVASCULAR 

3039
02:28:49,031 --> 02:28:51,266
RESISTANCE IN HUMANS IN AN 

3040
02:28:51,266 --> 02:28:52,134
OUT-PATIENT COMMUNITY SETTING 

3041
02:28:52,134 --> 02:28:57,572
AND WHAT ARE THE MOST ACCEPTED 

3042
02:28:57,572 --> 02:28:58,640
VARIABLES IN RESILIENCE IN 

3043
02:28:58,640 --> 02:28:58,940
RESEARCH.

3044
02:28:58,940 --> 02:29:04,079
I HOPE I ADDRESSED SOME OF SINCE

3045
02:29:04,079 --> 02:29:07,015
MY TALK BUT I THINK ONE WAY IS 

3046
02:29:07,015 --> 02:29:08,650
SOMETHING THE AMERICAN HEART 

3047
02:29:08,650 --> 02:29:10,452
ASSOCIATION HAS DEVELOPED IS THE

3048
02:29:10,452 --> 02:29:13,288
LIFE ESSENTIAL EIGHTS THE 

3049
02:29:13,288 --> 02:29:13,889
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SCORE 

3050
02:29:13,889 --> 02:29:16,892
WHICH IN TURN HAS BEEN 

3051
02:29:16,892 --> 02:29:19,694
ASSOCIATED WITH UP STREAM 

3052
02:29:19,694 --> 02:29:21,029
FACTORS SOCIAL AND OTHER 

3053
02:29:21,029 --> 02:29:21,863
BEHAVIORAL DETERMINATES OF 

3054
02:29:21,863 --> 02:29:23,698
HEALTH AND IMPORTANTLY IT'S BEEN

3055
02:29:23,698 --> 02:29:25,734
ASSOCIATED WITH DOWN STREAM 

3056
02:29:25,734 --> 02:29:27,702
HEALTH OUTCOMES IN TERMS OF 

3057
02:29:27,702 --> 02:29:29,971
CHRONIC DISEASE OF AGING AND 

3058
02:29:29,971 --> 02:29:32,374
LONGER HEALTH SPAN AND 

3059
02:29:32,374 --> 02:29:33,108
COMPRESSION, MORBIDITY, LOWER 

3060
02:29:33,108 --> 02:29:34,509
HEALTH CARE COSTS AND BETTER 

3061
02:29:34,509 --> 02:29:35,210
QUALITY OF HEALTH.

3062
02:29:35,210 --> 02:29:37,512
THINGS WE DEFINE AS SUCCESSFUL 

3063
02:29:37,512 --> 02:29:39,781
AGING ULTIMATELY IN SOMETHING 

3064
02:29:39,781 --> 02:29:43,585
YOU CAN MEASURE TODAY, MODIFY 

3065
02:29:43,585 --> 02:29:45,754
WITH BOTH SMALL AND LARGE 

3066
02:29:45,754 --> 02:29:47,255
CHANGES AND THOSE CHANGES HAVE 

3067
02:29:47,255 --> 02:29:51,126
BEEN SHOWN TO MAKE AN IMPORTANT 

3068
02:29:51,126 --> 02:29:51,426
DIFFERENCE.

3069
02:29:51,426 --> 02:29:53,428
IF YOU GOOGLE LIFE ESSENTIAL'S 

3070
02:29:53,428 --> 02:29:57,532
EIGHT IT TAKES YOU TO THE TOOL 

3071
02:29:57,532 --> 02:29:58,400
FROM THE AMERICAN HEART 

3072
02:29:58,400 --> 02:29:59,234
ASSOCIATION AND THE COMPONENTS 

3073
02:29:59,234 --> 02:30:01,736
SHOULD NOT BE A SURPRISE.

3074
02:30:01,736 --> 02:30:05,740
THERE'S FOUR HEALTH BEHAVIORS, 

3075
02:30:05,740 --> 02:30:09,811
AND THERE'S FOUR PHYSIOLOGIC OR 

3076
02:30:09,811 --> 02:30:12,347
HEALTH S THAT ARE BLOOD 

3077
02:30:12,347 --> 02:30:14,182
PRESSURE, BLOOD GLUCOSE AND 

3078
02:30:14,182 --> 02:30:16,751
BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND 

3079
02:30:16,751 --> 02:30:18,620
BODY WEIGHT THAT OF COURSE ALSO 

3080
02:30:18,620 --> 02:30:19,754
SHOULDN'T A SUPPLIES BUT THE 

3081
02:30:19,754 --> 02:30:21,156
FRAMEWORK THERE ALLOWS YOU TO 

3082
02:30:21,156 --> 02:30:24,126
THINK ABOUT WHAT ONE THING CAN I

3083
02:30:24,126 --> 02:30:29,231
WORK ON TODAY TO KNOW IT'S GOING

3084
02:30:29,231 --> 02:30:30,866
TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED 

3085
02:30:30,866 --> 02:30:32,868
HATH WHICH MAY BE AN EQUIVALENCE

3086
02:30:32,868 --> 02:30:33,435
TO RESILIENCE.

3087
02:30:33,435 --> 02:30:35,237
WE'RE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE HOUR.

3088
02:30:35,237 --> 02:30:38,640
I WANT TO RESPECT PEOPLE'S LUNCH

3089
02:30:38,640 --> 02:30:38,940
TIME.

3090
02:30:38,940 --> 02:30:41,610
I WANT TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE 

3091
02:30:41,610 --> 02:30:42,644
TO OUR WONDERFUL SPEAKERS AND 

3092
02:30:42,644 --> 02:30:43,612
PANELISTS THIS MORNING.

3093
02:30:43,612 --> 02:30:46,448
I THINK YOU'VE KICKED THIS 

3094
02:30:46,448 --> 02:30:46,982
WORKSHOP OFF PERFECTLY.

3095
02:30:46,982 --> 02:30:50,485
AND RAISED MORE QUESTIONS THAN 

3096
02:30:50,485 --> 02:30:51,586
ANSWERS WHICH IS PERFECT.

3097
02:30:51,586 --> 02:30:55,290
YOU HAVE THREE MORE SESSION TO 

3098
02:30:55,290 --> 02:30:56,892
GO AND GROUND TO COVER 

3099
02:30:56,892 --> 02:30:59,261
MECHANISTICALLY AND 

3100
02:30:59,261 --> 02:31:01,129
INTERVENTIONALLY IN THE COMING
SESSIONS.

3101
02:31:01,129 --> 02:31:01,396
ENJOY YOUR LUNCH AND COME BACK
AT 1:00 EASTERN, 12:00 CENTRAL 

3102
02:31:01,396 --> 02:31:04,088
AND LOOK FORWARD TO SAYING WHEN 

3103
02:31:04,088 --> 02:31:05,790
YOU COME BACK. THANK YOU SO
MUCH.

3104
02:31:06,801 --> 02:31:10,560


3105
02:31:10,560 --> 02:31:12,628
>> I'D LIKE TO START THE
SESSION

3106
02:31:12,628 --> 02:31:14,363
BY GIVING AN OVERVIEW OF THE 

3107
02:31:14,363 --> 02:31:19,035
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS LINKING 

3108
02:31:19,035 --> 02:31:21,337
SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND 

3109
02:31:21,337 --> 02:31:22,772
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

3110
02:31:22,772 --> 02:31:24,874
THESE ARE MY DISCLOSURES IN 

3111
02:31:24,874 --> 02:31:27,710
TERMS OF GRANT FUNDING AND 

3112
02:31:27,710 --> 02:31:28,277
PROGRAM SUPPORT.

3113
02:31:28,277 --> 02:31:32,381
SO THIS IS WHAT WE HOPE TO 

3114
02:31:32,381 --> 02:31:34,183
ACCOMPLISH TODAY.

3115
02:31:34,183 --> 02:31:38,187
WE WILL BE DETERMINING THE 

3116
02:31:38,187 --> 02:31:40,489
PATHWAYS IN WHICH SLEEP AFFECTS 

3117
02:31:40,489 --> 02:31:41,824
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

3118
02:31:41,824 --> 02:31:46,162
HOW IT'S RELATED TO OTHER 

3119
02:31:46,162 --> 02:31:48,164
INDICATORS OF RESILIENCE AND 

3120
02:31:48,164 --> 02:31:49,732
WHETHER THEY CAN SERVE AS 

3121
02:31:49,732 --> 02:31:50,399
POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC THAT ARE 

3122
02:31:50,399 --> 02:31:51,367
GETS FOR ENHANCING 

3123
02:31:51,367 --> 02:32:00,543
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

3124
02:32:00,543 --> 02:32:02,678
THEY COULD AFFECT MULTIPLE 

3125
02:32:02,678 --> 02:32:04,180
ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

3126
02:32:04,180 --> 02:32:06,949
RESILIENCE.

3127
02:32:06,949 --> 02:32:08,651
AS WE HEARD THIS MORNING IT'S 

3128
02:32:08,651 --> 02:32:13,656
THE ABILITY TO GROW OR ADAPT OR 

3129
02:32:13,656 --> 02:32:15,658
RECOVER FROM A STRESSOR OR 

3130
02:32:15,658 --> 02:32:17,760
CHALLENGE AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

3131
02:32:17,760 --> 02:32:20,162
HEALTH AS REPRESENTED HERE COULD

3132
02:32:20,162 --> 02:32:20,663
IMPART CARDIOVASCULAR 

3133
02:32:20,663 --> 02:32:22,865
RESILIENCE.

3134
02:32:22,865 --> 02:32:25,334
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT 

3135
02:32:25,334 --> 02:32:28,871
MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH SLEEP 

3136
02:32:28,871 --> 02:32:30,973
AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS CAN AFFECT

3137
02:32:30,973 --> 02:32:32,541
RESILIENCE THERE'S SEVERAL BROAD

3138
02:32:32,541 --> 02:32:32,842
CATEGORIES.

3139
02:32:32,842 --> 02:32:35,111
WE HAVE BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS, 

3140
02:32:35,111 --> 02:32:37,046
FOR EXAMPLE, DIET IS ONE 

3141
02:32:37,046 --> 02:32:40,182
BEHAVIORAL MECHANISM.

3142
02:32:40,182 --> 02:32:41,917
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM.

3143
02:32:41,917 --> 02:32:43,819
BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION AND WE

3144
02:32:43,819 --> 02:32:46,355
HAVE MOLECULAR MECHANISM 

3145
02:32:46,355 --> 02:32:48,190
MOLECULES THAT AFFECT 

3146
02:32:48,190 --> 02:32:48,924
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND 

3147
02:32:48,924 --> 02:32:49,792
PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, STRESS

3148
02:32:49,792 --> 02:32:51,327
AND DEPRESSION.

3149
02:32:51,327 --> 02:32:53,596
I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT EACH OF 

3150
02:32:53,596 --> 02:32:54,163
THESE CATEGORIES TODAY AND 

3151
02:32:54,163 --> 02:33:03,939
GIVING AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

3152
02:33:03,939 --> 02:33:07,510
DIET IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR

3153
02:33:07,510 --> 02:33:10,513
FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

3154
02:33:10,513 --> 02:33:11,514
DIET COULD AFFECT CARDIOVASCULAR

3155
02:33:11,514 --> 02:33:13,249
RESILIENCE THROUGH THE TYPES OF 

3156
02:33:13,249 --> 02:33:16,085
FOOD WE EAT AFFECTING 

3157
02:33:16,085 --> 02:33:17,787
INFLAMMATION AND CAN ALSO AFFECT

3158
02:33:17,787 --> 02:33:20,189
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE IN 

3159
02:33:20,189 --> 02:33:21,757
DIRECTLY BY INCREASED ENERGY 

3160
02:33:21,757 --> 02:33:24,026
INTAKE THROUGH DIET.

3161
02:33:24,026 --> 02:33:28,431
IT COULD LEAD TO OVER WEIGHT AND

3162
02:33:28,431 --> 02:33:29,198
OBESITY A RISK FACTOR FOR 

3163
02:33:29,198 --> 02:33:31,834
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

3164
02:33:31,834 --> 02:33:34,670
THIS WAS A NICE FIGURE.

3165
02:33:34,670 --> 02:33:37,540
DEPICTING THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF

3166
02:33:37,540 --> 02:33:40,209
THE DIET IN RELATIONSHIP BY 

3167
02:33:40,209 --> 02:33:44,647
DR. FARAKAT.

3168
02:33:44,647 --> 02:33:46,182
WHILE WE RECOGNIZE RELATIONS 

3169
02:33:46,182 --> 02:33:47,650
WITH SLEEP IS BI-DIRECTIONAL 

3170
02:33:47,650 --> 02:33:49,885
TODAY I'LL FOCUS ON THE LEFT 

3171
02:33:49,885 --> 02:33:50,853
SIDE OF THE FIGURE WHICH IS THE 

3172
02:33:50,853 --> 02:33:55,157
FIGURE A PART.

3173
02:33:55,157 --> 02:33:58,427
HOW POOR SLEEP QUALITY MAY 

3174
02:33:58,427 --> 02:34:04,266
AFFECT DIET.

3175
02:34:04,266 --> 02:34:10,573
WHEN SOMEONE DOESN'T SLEEP 

3176
02:34:10,573 --> 02:34:11,707
SENSITIVITY TO FOOD REWARD 

3177
02:34:11,707 --> 02:34:15,544
CHANGES AND IS INCREASES OUR 

3178
02:34:15,544 --> 02:34:20,216
PREFERENCE FOR FOODS HIGHER IN 

3179
02:34:20,216 --> 02:34:22,184
FAT, SWEETS LEADING TO UNHEALTHY

3180
02:34:22,184 --> 02:34:23,586
FOOD CHOICES.

3181
02:34:23,586 --> 02:34:25,221
WE CAN ALSO AFTER POOR SLEEP 

3182
02:34:25,221 --> 02:34:27,189
INCREASE OUR FOOD INTAKE WHICH 

3183
02:34:27,189 --> 02:34:30,159
WOULD LEAD TO INCREASED ENERGY 

3184
02:34:30,159 --> 02:34:33,195
INTAKE OVER ALL AND AGAIN THAT 

3185
02:34:33,195 --> 02:34:35,231
COULD LEAD TO OVERWEIGHT AND 

3186
02:34:35,231 --> 02:34:37,266
OBESITY AND THE PREFERENCES 

3187
02:34:37,266 --> 02:34:47,543
COULD LEAD TO POOR DIET QUALITY.

3188
02:34:47,543 --> 02:34:50,045
THIS REVIEW OF INDIVIDUALS IN 

3189
02:34:50,045 --> 02:34:54,450
META-ANALYSIS OF 11 STUDIES OF 

3190
02:34:54,450 --> 02:34:57,653
172 INDIVIDUALS FOUND AFTER 

3191
02:34:57,653 --> 02:35:00,589
PARTIAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION IT 

3192
02:35:00,589 --> 02:35:02,291
INCREASES BY 385 CALORIES PER 

3193
02:35:02,291 --> 02:35:02,458
DAY.

3194
02:35:02,458 --> 02:35:04,727
IN THIS REVIEW IT WAS SHOWN THAT

3195
02:35:04,727 --> 02:35:07,029
INCREASED ENERGY INTAKE WAS 

3196
02:35:07,029 --> 02:35:08,464
ACCOMPANIED BY NO CHANGE IN 

3197
02:35:08,464 --> 02:35:11,801
ENERGY EXPENDITURE OR RESTING 

3198
02:35:11,801 --> 02:35:14,103
METABOLIC RATE AND THAT LED TO A

3199
02:35:14,103 --> 02:35:16,639
NET POSITIVE ENERGY INTAKE OVER 

3200
02:35:16,639 --> 02:35:16,806
ALL.

3201
02:35:16,806 --> 02:35:18,941
I SHOULD SAY THERE'S BEEN OTHER 

3202
02:35:18,941 --> 02:35:22,244
STUDIES WHICH HAVE SHOWN AFTER 

3203
02:35:22,244 --> 02:35:26,415
SLEEP DEPRIVATION THERE'S AN 

3204
02:35:26,415 --> 02:35:29,318
DECREASED FPHYSICAL ACTIVITY AN 

3205
02:35:29,318 --> 02:35:34,156
LOWER INTENSITIY THE NEXT DAY.

3206
02:35:34,156 --> 02:35:35,691
AND PARTICIPANTS HAD HIGHER 

3207
02:35:35,691 --> 02:35:37,693
PREFERENCE FOR HIGHER FAT INTAKE

3208
02:35:37,693 --> 02:35:40,729
AND LOWER PROTEIN INTAKE AFTER 

3209
02:35:40,729 --> 02:35:50,406
PARTIAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION.

3210
02:35:50,406 --> 02:35:53,509
THE WAY IT IMPACTS 

3211
02:35:53,509 --> 02:35:55,377
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE HAS A 

3212
02:35:55,377 --> 02:35:58,180
GREATER SENSITIVITY TO FOOD AS A

3213
02:35:58,180 --> 02:35:59,348
REWARD AND GREATER PREFERENCE 

3214
02:35:59,348 --> 02:36:01,984
FOR FOODS HIGH IN FAT AND SUGAR 

3215
02:36:01,984 --> 02:36:05,020
AND SENSITIVITY CHANGES AND 

3216
02:36:05,020 --> 02:36:07,022
DYSREGULATION OF APPETITE 

3217
02:36:07,022 --> 02:36:11,594
HORMONES INCLUDING LEPTIN AND 

3218
02:36:11,594 --> 02:36:15,698
GHRELIN AND OTHER APPETITE 

3219
02:36:15,698 --> 02:36:25,107
REGULATING HORMONES INCLUDING 

3220
02:36:25,107 --> 02:36:25,441
AD

3221
02:36:25,441 --> 02:36:26,775
ADIPENECTIN.

3222
02:36:26,775 --> 02:36:29,078
IF WE KNOW POOR SLEEP QUALITY 

3223
02:36:29,078 --> 02:36:30,613
COULD LEAD TO POOR DIET QUALITY 

3224
02:36:30,613 --> 02:36:36,452
IS THE REVERSE ALSO TRUE?

3225
02:36:36,452 --> 02:36:38,888
SO GOOD DOES SLEEP LEAD TO DOWN 

3226
02:36:38,888 --> 02:36:41,991
STREAM EFFECTS AND IMPROVING 

3227
02:36:41,991 --> 02:36:42,825
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE?

3228
02:36:42,825 --> 02:36:43,993
WE HAVE A SIGNAL HERE.

3229
02:36:43,993 --> 02:36:49,398
THIS WAS A RANDOMIZED CONTROL 

3230
02:36:49,398 --> 02:36:52,935
PILOT STUDY AND IT LASTED FOUR 

3231
02:36:52,935 --> 02:36:54,403
WEEKS AND SHORT SLEEPERS.

3232
02:36:54,403 --> 02:36:55,804
21 PARTICIPANTS WERE RANDOMIZED 

3233
02:36:55,804 --> 02:36:58,207
TO A SLEEP EXTENSION AND THEY 

3234
02:36:58,207 --> 02:37:00,776
WERE ACTUALLY ABLE TO INCREASE 

3235
02:37:00,776 --> 02:37:02,645
TIME IN BED AND SLEEP DURATION.

3236
02:37:02,645 --> 02:37:05,915
SLEEP DURATION INCREASED BY AN 

3237
02:37:05,915 --> 02:37:07,349
AVERAGE OF 21 MINUTES PER NIGHT 

3238
02:37:07,349 --> 02:37:10,853
IN THE SLEEP EXTENSION GROUP AND

3239
02:37:10,853 --> 02:37:16,558
LED TO REDUCED INTAKE OF ADDED 

3240
02:37:16,558 --> 02:37:17,960
SUGARS IN THE DIET.

3241
02:37:17,960 --> 02:37:20,863
THIS SUGGESTS IMPROVING SLEEP 

3242
02:37:20,863 --> 02:37:23,632
MAY SLEEP TO PRODUCTION IN 

3243
02:37:23,632 --> 02:37:26,435
EXCESS SUGAR AND INFLAMMATION 

3244
02:37:26,435 --> 02:37:29,772
AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

3245
02:37:29,772 --> 02:37:33,776
NOW I'LL TURN TO PHYSIOLOGICAL 

3246
02:37:33,776 --> 02:37:36,879
MECHANISMS AND EXAMPLE OF BLOOD 

3247
02:37:36,879 --> 02:37:38,580
PRESSURE.

3248
02:37:38,580 --> 02:37:40,582
HYPERTENSION IS THE LEADING 

3249
02:37:40,582 --> 02:37:41,317
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR 

3250
02:37:41,317 --> 02:37:45,888
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND LAST 

3251
02:37:45,888 --> 02:37:50,726
MONTH THIS NICE REVIEW A 

3252
02:37:50,726 --> 02:37:52,061
FRAMEWORK FOR CIRCADIAN, 

3253
02:37:52,061 --> 02:37:54,563
BEHAVIORAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL 

3254
02:37:54,563 --> 02:37:56,365
MECHANISMS THAT INFLUENCE THE 

3255
02:37:56,365 --> 02:37:57,366
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND BLOOD 

3256
02:37:57,366 --> 02:37:58,500
PRESSURE REGULATION UNDER NORMAL

3257
02:37:58,500 --> 02:37:59,768
CONDITIONS WHICH IS SHOWN ON THE

3258
02:37:59,768 --> 02:38:05,307
LEFT SIDE HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL AND

3259
02:38:05,307 --> 02:38:06,642
DURING DISEASE STATES FOR 

3260
02:38:06,642 --> 02:38:10,479
CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT ON THE 

3261
02:38:10,479 --> 02:38:10,746
RIGHT.

3262
02:38:10,746 --> 02:38:13,015
IF YOU LOOK ON THE BOTTOM LEFT 

3263
02:38:13,015 --> 02:38:16,218
YOU CAN SEE BLOOD PRESSURE 

3264
02:38:16,218 --> 02:38:19,288
NORMALLY FOLLOWS A DAILY RHYTHM 

3265
02:38:19,288 --> 02:38:20,689
AND THERE'S A PEAK DURING THE 

3266
02:38:20,689 --> 02:38:22,958
DAY AND AT NIGHT THE BLOOD 

3267
02:38:22,958 --> 02:38:28,230
PRESSURE DIPS BY 10% TO 20%.

3268
02:38:28,230 --> 02:38:32,634
ON THE RIGHT SIDE YOU CAN SEE 

3269
02:38:32,634 --> 02:38:35,304
THE BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION IS

3270
02:38:35,304 --> 02:38:37,239
DISRUPTED AND SO INDIVIDUALS MAY

3271
02:38:37,239 --> 02:38:39,041
NOT DIP AT ALL AT NIGHT AND MAY 

3272
02:38:39,041 --> 02:38:41,210
BE NON-DIVERSE AND MAY BE 

3273
02:38:41,210 --> 02:38:48,684
REVERSE DIVERSE.

3274
02:38:48,684 --> 02:38:50,586
THEY CAN EXPERIENCE A GREATER 

3275
02:38:50,586 --> 02:38:52,421
MAGNITUDE THAN ONE WOULD EXPECT 

3276
02:38:52,421 --> 02:38:55,958
ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE 

3277
02:38:55,958 --> 02:38:56,291
HYPERTENSION.

3278
02:38:56,291 --> 02:38:58,794
THE CONDITIONS OF CIRCADIAN 

3279
02:38:58,794 --> 02:38:59,528
MISALIGNMENT THAT 

3280
02:38:59,528 --> 02:39:02,631
AFFECT REGULATION ARE SHIFT 

3281
02:39:02,631 --> 02:39:03,932
WORK, SOCIAL JET LAG WHEN PEOPLE

3282
02:39:03,932 --> 02:39:05,968
HAVE SHORTER SLEEP DURATION 

3283
02:39:05,968 --> 02:39:07,803
DURING THE WEEK AND CATCH UP ON 

3284
02:39:07,803 --> 02:39:09,171
THE WEEKENDS.

3285
02:39:09,171 --> 02:39:11,440
CHRONOTYPE WHICH WE TALKED ABOUT

3286
02:39:11,440 --> 02:39:15,044
EARLIER TYPE ESPECIALLY LATE OR 

3287
02:39:15,044 --> 02:39:20,682
PREFERENCE FOR EVENING S IN 

3288
02:39:20,682 --> 02:39:22,851
PEOPLE WITH CIRCADIAN SLEEP 

3289
02:39:22,851 --> 02:39:24,686
DISORDERS THAT COULD AFFECT THIS

3290
02:39:24,686 --> 02:39:30,759
DYSREGULATION AND AGING.

3291
02:39:30,759 --> 02:39:35,264
HERE'S AGE EXAMPLE OF HOW SLEEP 

3292
02:39:35,264 --> 02:39:36,331
COULD BE AFFECT.

3293
02:39:36,331 --> 02:39:38,801
THERE WERE RADIOLOGY RESIDENTS 

3294
02:39:38,801 --> 02:39:42,037
AND ONE 24 HOUR ON-CALL SHIFT.

3295
02:39:42,037 --> 02:39:45,040
THEY SLEPT AN AVERAGE OF THREE 

3296
02:39:45,040 --> 02:39:47,876
CALLS PER NIGHT AND THIS THE 

3297
02:39:47,876 --> 02:39:50,279
FIRST STUDY TO USE 

3298
02:39:50,279 --> 02:39:51,980
RESONANCE-BASED IMAGING TO LOOK 

3299
02:39:51,980 --> 02:39:53,682
AT CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN AFTER A

3300
02:39:53,682 --> 02:39:54,383
24-HOUR SHIFT.

3301
02:39:54,383 --> 02:39:57,152
AND THEY DID THE IMAGING BEFORE 

3302
02:39:57,152 --> 02:40:03,358
THE RESIDENTS WENT ON THEIR CALL

3303
02:40:03,358 --> 02:40:07,529
AND THIS SHIFT RESULTED IN 

3304
02:40:07,529 --> 02:40:09,765
INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE AND 

3305
02:40:09,765 --> 02:40:15,104
HEART RATE AND CORTISOL AND 

3306
02:40:15,104 --> 02:40:23,846
INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR AND NOW

3307
02:40:23,846 --> 02:40:24,480
MECHANISMS SLAEP AND CIRCADIAN 

3308
02:40:24,480 --> 02:40:27,282
RHYTHMS MAY BE LINKED TO AND 

3309
02:40:27,282 --> 02:40:28,217
MOLECULES RELATED TO ENDOTHELIAL

3310
02:40:28,217 --> 02:40:38,393
FUNCTION.

3311
02:40:40,696 --> 02:40:42,798
WE RECRUITED A COHORT OF WOMEN 

3312
02:40:42,798 --> 02:40:44,199
FROM NEW YORK CITY AND IN A 

3313
02:40:44,199 --> 02:40:47,870
SUBSET WE WERE ABLE TO EXTRACT 

3314
02:40:47,870 --> 02:40:48,770
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM A VEIN IN

3315
02:40:48,770 --> 02:40:50,139
THE ARM.

3316
02:40:50,139 --> 02:40:53,008
WE FOUND WOMEN WHO REPORTED 

3317
02:40:53,008 --> 02:40:54,843
POORER SLEEP QUALITY THOUGH THEY

3318
02:40:54,843 --> 02:40:56,678
WERE SLEEPING IN ADEQUATE NUMBER

3319
02:40:56,678 --> 02:40:58,313
OF HOURS PER NIGHT ALL SEVEN TO 

3320
02:40:58,313 --> 02:41:01,717
EIGHT HOURS PER NIGHT THEY HAD 

3321
02:41:01,717 --> 02:41:02,551
INCREASED ENDOTHELIAL 

3322
02:41:02,551 --> 02:41:05,787
INFLAMMATION AS REPRESENTED BY 

3323
02:41:05,787 --> 02:41:11,627
NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B A 

3324
02:41:11,627 --> 02:41:13,595
PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION 

3325
02:41:13,595 --> 02:41:16,231
FACTOR AND IT'S INCREASED WHEN 

3326
02:41:16,231 --> 02:41:17,332
PARTICIPANTS REPORTED HIGHER 

3327
02:41:17,332 --> 02:41:21,170
SCORES ON THE INSOMNIA SEVERITY 

3328
02:41:21,170 --> 02:41:21,470
INDEX.

3329
02:41:21,470 --> 02:41:24,239
GRAPH B SHOWS IT WAS INCREASED 

3330
02:41:24,239 --> 02:41:26,308
UNDER DIRECT OBSERVATION WHEN 

3331
02:41:26,308 --> 02:41:27,576
PARTICIPANTS REPORTED WORSE 

3332
02:41:27,576 --> 02:41:30,112
SLEEP QUALITY SCORES AND FINALLY

3333
02:41:30,112 --> 02:41:33,148
GRAPH C SHOWS IT WAS INCREASED 

3334
02:41:33,148 --> 02:41:34,349
AS TIME TO SLEEP ONSET 

3335
02:41:34,349 --> 02:41:43,759
INCREASED.

3336
02:41:43,759 --> 02:41:46,895
WOMEN WITH INSOMNIA HAVE HIGHER 

3337
02:41:46,895 --> 02:41:47,396
MEASURES AND THESE ARE 

3338
02:41:47,396 --> 02:41:57,839
COMPLETELY HEALTHY WOMEN.

3339
02:41:59,775 --> 02:42:03,579
NOW THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REASONS 

3340
02:42:03,579 --> 02:42:08,784
WHERE IT MAY IMPACT SLEEP, 

3341
02:42:08,784 --> 02:42:10,219
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND DEPRESSION

3342
02:42:10,219 --> 02:42:13,689
AND IN THIS STUDY 62 

3343
02:42:13,689 --> 02:42:16,792
PARTICIPANTS MOSTLY WOMEN 

3344
02:42:16,792 --> 02:42:19,228
AVERAGE AGE WAS 36 YEARS OLD 

3345
02:42:19,228 --> 02:42:20,629
COMPLETED A SLEEP RESTRICTION 

3346
02:42:20,629 --> 02:42:22,598
INTERVENTION CONSISTING OF TWO 

3347
02:42:22,598 --> 02:42:24,333
SIX-WEEK INTERVENTION PHASES 

3348
02:42:24,333 --> 02:42:28,003
SEPARATE A SIX-WEEK WASH OUT 

3349
02:42:28,003 --> 02:42:28,203
PHASE.

3350
02:42:28,203 --> 02:42:31,406
IN ONE PHASE THEY HAD HABITUAL 

3351
02:42:31,406 --> 02:42:33,575
SLEEP AND MAINTAINED THEIR 

3352
02:42:33,575 --> 02:42:35,711
NORMAL WAKE TIMES AND IN THE 

3353
02:42:35,711 --> 02:42:38,380
OTHER PHASE THEY COMPLETED SLEEP

3354
02:42:38,380 --> 02:42:40,549
RESTRICTION AND THEIR BED TIME 

3355
02:42:40,549 --> 02:42:42,451
WAS DELAYED BY ONE AND A HALF 

3356
02:42:42,451 --> 02:42:44,353
HOURS A NIGHT BUT MAINTAINED THE

3357
02:42:44,353 --> 02:42:44,653
WAKE TIME.

3358
02:42:44,653 --> 02:42:46,221
THEY SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT 

3359
02:42:46,221 --> 02:42:49,891
REDUCTION IN SLEEP DURING THE 

3360
02:42:49,891 --> 02:42:51,293
SLEEP RESTRICTION SLEEP AND THE 

3361
02:42:51,293 --> 02:42:53,595
MEAN TOTAL TIME DURING HABITUAL 

3362
02:42:53,595 --> 02:42:58,233
SLEEP WAS 7.4 AND DURING 

3363
02:42:58,233 --> 02:42:59,268
RESTRICTION 6.2 HOURS.

3364
02:42:59,268 --> 02:43:01,303
HIGHER PERCEIVED STRESS AND 

3365
02:43:01,303 --> 02:43:04,273
ANXIETY WERE BOTH OBSERVED AFTER

3366
02:43:04,273 --> 02:43:06,008
SLEEP RESTRICTION COMPARED TO 

3367
02:43:06,008 --> 02:43:07,109
HABITUAL SLEEP.

3368
02:43:07,109 --> 02:43:11,246
THIS SUGGESTS EVEN PROLONGED 

3369
02:43:11,246 --> 02:43:13,248
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP CAN LEAD TO 

3370
02:43:13,248 --> 02:43:15,384
PERCEIVED STRESS AND ANXIETY IN 

3371
02:43:15,384 --> 02:43:24,459
OLDER ADULTS.

3372
02:43:24,459 --> 02:43:28,163
IN TERMS OF SLEEP IN RELATION TO

3373
02:43:28,163 --> 02:43:29,598
DEPRESSION THIS IS A 

3374
02:43:29,598 --> 02:43:30,866
META-ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIONS 

3375
02:43:30,866 --> 02:43:32,734
BETWEEN SLEEP DURATION AND 

3376
02:43:32,734 --> 02:43:34,169
DEPRESSION AND HERE WAS SHOWN 

3377
02:43:34,169 --> 02:43:36,004
BOTH SHORT SLEEP DURATION AND 

3378
02:43:36,004 --> 02:43:37,539
LONG SLEEP DURATION IS 

3379
02:43:37,539 --> 02:43:42,944
ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK 

3380
02:43:42,944 --> 02:43:45,781
OF DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED 

3381
02:43:45,781 --> 02:43:46,515
WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

3382
02:43:46,515 --> 02:43:49,384
IT WAS 31% INCREASED ODDS OF 

3383
02:43:49,384 --> 02:43:51,620
HAVING DEPRESSION FOR SHORT 

3384
02:43:51,620 --> 02:43:53,355
SLEEP DURATION AND 42% INCREASED

3385
02:43:53,355 --> 02:43:58,260
ODDS OF HAVING DEPRESSION FOR 

3386
02:43:58,260 --> 02:44:04,966
LONG SLEEP DURATION.

3387
02:44:04,966 --> 02:44:07,736
THE KEY POINTS TO SUMMARIZE IS 

3388
02:44:07,736 --> 02:44:08,870
THEIR LINKED TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

3389
02:44:08,870 --> 02:44:12,374
RESILIENCE THROUGH A VARIETY OF 

3390
02:44:12,374 --> 02:44:13,075
MECHANISMS.

3391
02:44:13,075 --> 02:44:14,810
AND MOSTLY TALKED ABOUT SLEEP 

3392
02:44:14,810 --> 02:44:18,080
DURATION BUT THERE'S MULTIPLE 

3393
02:44:18,080 --> 02:44:19,648
DIMENSION AFFECT CARDIOVASCULAR 

3394
02:44:19,648 --> 02:44:22,284
RESILIENCE THROUGH INCREASED 

3395
02:44:22,284 --> 02:44:24,920
BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION AND 

3396
02:44:24,920 --> 02:44:26,488
STRESS AND REGULATION AND 

3397
02:44:26,488 --> 02:44:30,759
CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT MAY 

3398
02:44:30,759 --> 02:44:33,428
IMPACT BEHAVIORS FOR DIET AND 

3399
02:44:33,428 --> 02:44:34,329
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND 

3400
02:44:34,329 --> 02:44:37,099
PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS SUCH 

3401
02:44:37,099 --> 02:44:40,135
AS DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS 

3402
02:44:40,135 --> 02:44:42,270
HAVE BEEN ON THE TO INCREASE 

3403
02:44:42,270 --> 02:44:44,806
AFTER PERIODS OF EVEN MILD SLEEP

3404
02:44:44,806 --> 02:44:50,379
DEPRIVATION OR DISTURBANCES 

3405
02:44:50,379 --> 02:44:53,749
COMMON IN THE POPULATION.

3406
02:44:53,749 --> 02:44:54,750
IN TERMS OF FUTURE DIRECTION 

3407
02:44:54,750 --> 02:44:56,218
THESE ARE QUESTIONS I'D LIKE TO 

3408
02:44:56,218 --> 02:44:56,818
POSE TO OUR PANEL DURING 

3409
02:44:56,818 --> 02:45:01,590
DISCUSSION TODAY.

3410
02:45:01,590 --> 02:45:04,059
ONE OF THEM IS HOW CAN WE BETTER

3411
02:45:04,059 --> 02:45:05,127
INCORPORATE THE CARDIOVASCULAR 

3412
02:45:05,127 --> 02:45:07,028
RESILIENCE SPECIFICALLY IN 

3413
02:45:07,028 --> 02:45:08,430
MECHANISTIC RESEARCH ON SLEEP 

3414
02:45:08,430 --> 02:45:09,431
AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND WHAT 

3415
02:45:09,431 --> 02:45:10,499
ARE GAPS WE NEED TO FILL IN THIS

3416
02:45:10,499 --> 02:45:10,699
AREA.

3417
02:45:10,699 --> 02:45:17,372
?

3418
02:45:17,372 --> 02:45:19,374
 -- AND NOW MIGHT WE SHIFT 

3419
02:45:19,374 --> 02:45:21,209
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS OR

3420
02:45:21,209 --> 02:45:21,843
RISK TO IMPROVING CARDIOVASCULAR

3421
02:45:21,843 --> 02:45:27,182
RESILIENCE?

3422
02:45:27,182 --> 02:45:28,950
HOW CAN WE BETTER INTEGRATE 

3423
02:45:28,950 --> 02:45:31,887
SCIENCE IN RESEARCH THAT'S 

3424
02:45:31,887 --> 02:45:33,889
FOCUSSED ON SLEEP AND 

3425
02:45:33,889 --> 02:45:35,190
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE AND 

3426
02:45:35,190 --> 02:45:36,992
CONNECT AND PROMOTE 

3427
02:45:36,992 --> 02:45:37,659
CROSS-COLLABORATION RESEARCH TO 

3428
02:45:37,659 --> 02:45:44,966
ADDRESS SOME GAPS?

3429
02:45:44,966 --> 02:45:47,369
TODAY WE'LL HAVE THREE SPEAKERS 

3430
02:45:47,369 --> 02:45:49,070
FOLLOWED BY Q&A AND SHORT
BREAK.

3431
02:45:49,070 --> 02:45:56,077
FIRST THREE ARE DR. BROUSSARD 

3432
02:45:56,077 --> 02:45:59,648
ABOUT SLEEP AND DR. CHENG WILL 

3433
02:45:59,648 --> 02:46:01,349
TALK ABOUT CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND 

3434
02:46:01,349 --> 02:46:02,217
APPLICATION INS CARDIOVASCULAR 

3435
02:46:02,217 --> 02:46:04,286
RESILIENCE AND DR. LIPTON WILL 

3436
02:46:04,286 --> 02:46:09,157
TALK ABOUT MECHANISMS OF 

3437
02:46:09,157 --> 02:46:10,025
CIRCADIAN RESILIENCE IN CELLS 

3438
02:46:10,025 --> 02:46:11,293
AND AFTER THE Q&A AND BREAK 

3439
02:46:11,293 --> 02:46:14,396
WE'LL HAVE THREE ADDITIONAL S, 

3440
02:46:14,396 --> 02:46:16,298
TALKING ABOUT MECHANISMS AND 

3441
02:46:16,298 --> 02:46:19,801
INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN

3442
02:46:19,801 --> 02:46:22,304
SLEEP AND SLEEP AND LEUKOCYTE 

3443
02:46:22,304 --> 02:46:26,942
DIYNAMICS AND WITH A LITTLE TAL 

3444
02:46:26,942 --> 02:46:30,745
ABOUT MULTI-LEVEL CARDIOVASCULAR

3445
02:46:30,745 --> 02:46:34,916
DISPARITY AND ANOTHER Q&A
AND 

3446
02:46:34,916 --> 02:46:36,451
END THE DAY.

3447
02:46:36,451 --> 02:46:38,753
FEEL FREE TO ENTER YOUR 

3448
02:46:38,753 --> 02:46:40,121
QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT WHILE S 

3449
02:46:40,121 --> 02:46:41,356
GIVE THEIR TALKS TO COME BACK TO

3450
02:46:41,356 --> 02:46:44,693
THAT DURING THE Q&A SESSION.

3451
02:46:44,693 --> 02:46:45,594
THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND NOW I'D 

3452
02:46:45,594 --> 02:46:52,067
LIKE TO INTRODUCE OUR NEXT 

3453
02:46:52,067 --> 02:46:56,671
SPEAKER DR. JOSIAN BROUSSARD 

3454
02:46:56,671 --> 02:47:00,775
TALKING ABOUT THE IMPACT OF 

3455
02:47:00,775 --> 02:47:01,476
SLEEP ON CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION ON

3456
02:47:01,476 --> 02:47:02,377
CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES AND 

3457
02:47:02,377 --> 02:47:05,447
STUDIES.

3458
02:47:05,447 --> 02:47:12,854
>> THANK YOU.

3459
02:47:12,854 --> 02:47:14,890
THANK YOU TO THE ORGERS FOR THE 

3460
02:47:14,890 --> 02:47:16,791
INVITATION AND DR. AGGARWAL FOR 

3461
02:47:16,791 --> 02:47:22,330
THE GREAT INTRODUCTION WHICH 

3462
02:47:22,330 --> 02:47:27,369
HELPS ME IN THE PRESENTATION.

3463
02:47:27,369 --> 02:47:31,206
I WANT TO SEND A SHOUT OUT TO 

3464
02:47:31,206 --> 02:47:34,643
THE SAM LAB, THE SAMIS WE CALL 

3465
02:47:34,643 --> 02:47:36,478
OURSELVES IN MY LAB AND I'LL BE 

3466
02:47:36,478 --> 02:47:40,282
SHOWING DATA FROM OUR CONTROLLED

3467
02:47:40,282 --> 02:47:41,449
IN-PATIENT CLINICAL STUDIES 

3468
02:47:41,449 --> 02:47:44,419
WHICH REQUIRES THIS LARGE TEAM 

3469
02:47:44,419 --> 02:47:46,288
OF DEDICATED AND PASSIONATE 

3470
02:47:46,288 --> 02:47:48,223
TRAINEES LED BY OUR FANTASTIC 

3471
02:47:48,223 --> 02:47:51,259
LAB MANAGER IN THE BOTTOM LEVEL,

3472
02:47:51,259 --> 02:47:59,367
ELLEN LYON.

3473
02:47:59,367 --> 02:48:00,669
AND YOU HEARD FROM THE GREAT 

3474
02:48:00,669 --> 02:48:03,505
INTRODUCTION I THINK WE CAN ALL 

3475
02:48:03,505 --> 02:48:08,643
AGREE SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN 

3476
02:48:08,643 --> 02:48:14,382
DISRUPTION ARE FACTORS FOR 

3477
02:48:14,382 --> 02:48:16,151
CARDIO METABOLIC DISEASES.

3478
02:48:16,151 --> 02:48:19,588
I'LL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL 

3479
02:48:19,588 --> 02:48:22,123
EVIDENCE FROM OUR CONTROLLED IN 

3480
02:48:22,123 --> 02:48:23,124
PATIENT CLINICAL TRIALS AND TALK

3481
02:48:23,124 --> 02:48:25,994
ABOUT TRANSLATABILITY BUT I'M 

3482
02:48:25,994 --> 02:48:30,398
MORE HERE TO DISCUSS THE EARLY 

3483
02:48:30,398 --> 02:48:38,306
HOME ON -- HOMOGENOUS TO LOOK AT

3484
02:48:38,306 --> 02:48:40,275
CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION ASSOCIATED 

3485
02:48:40,275 --> 02:48:46,114
TO DISEASE RISK.

3486
02:48:46,114 --> 02:48:47,449
I'LL TALK ABOUT TWO TYPES OF 

3487
02:48:47,449 --> 02:48:50,385
PROTOCOLS WE RUN IN THE LAB.

3488
02:48:50,385 --> 02:48:53,588
PROTOCOLS OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP 

3489
02:48:53,588 --> 02:48:59,961
AND DIFFERENT PROEL -- PROTOCOLS

3490
02:48:59,961 --> 02:49:01,262
OF MISALIGNMENT AND ASPECTS OF 

3491
02:49:01,262 --> 02:49:07,202
BOTH OR THE OTHER.

3492
02:49:07,202 --> 02:49:09,104
FOR ME MOST PART FOR OF THE OF 

3493
02:49:09,104 --> 02:49:14,442
THE DATA I'LL DISCUSS THESE ARE 

3494
02:49:14,442 --> 02:49:16,911
INCLUSION CRITERIA AND 

3495
02:49:16,911 --> 02:49:18,446
RECRUITING AND STUDYING YOUNG 

3496
02:49:18,446 --> 02:49:20,615
HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS 18 TO 35 

3497
02:49:20,615 --> 02:49:25,420
YEARS OLD ARE THE ABLE RANGES 

3498
02:49:25,420 --> 02:49:28,223
AND BELOW 26 KILOGRAMS PER METER

3499
02:49:28,223 --> 02:49:29,958
SQUARED AND RECRUITING HEALTHY 

3500
02:49:29,958 --> 02:49:32,394
SLEEPERS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT OUR 

3501
02:49:32,394 --> 02:49:33,828
MANIPULATION DOING AND 

3502
02:49:33,828 --> 02:49:40,301
RECRUITING IN THE SEVEN TO NINE 

3503
02:49:40,301 --> 02:49:44,739
HOUR PER NIGHT RANGE AND CONDUCT

3504
02:49:44,739 --> 02:49:50,178
HISTORY AND CONFIRM NO SURGICAL 

3505
02:49:50,178 --> 02:49:52,747
CONDITIONS, NO SLEEP DISORDERS 

3506
02:49:52,747 --> 02:49:53,648
WE CONFIRM THEY'RE MEDICATION 

3507
02:49:53,648 --> 02:49:54,849
AND DRUG FREE.

3508
02:49:54,849 --> 02:49:59,087
THIS IS IMPORTANT IN STATES 

3509
02:49:59,087 --> 02:50:01,656
WHERE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA 

3510
02:50:01,656 --> 02:50:02,390
EXISTS.

3511
02:50:02,390 --> 02:50:04,926
WE CONDUCT DRUG SCREENS AND MAKE

3512
02:50:04,926 --> 02:50:06,094
SURE THEY'RE NOT TRAVELLING 

3513
02:50:06,094 --> 02:50:07,929
OUTSIDE THE TIME ZONE AND IN THE

3514
02:50:07,929 --> 02:50:12,467
STUDIES IN OUR AREAS THE 

3515
02:50:12,467 --> 02:50:13,768
DENVER/Ft. COLLINS AREA AND THEY

3516
02:50:13,768 --> 02:50:15,336
LIVE AT THE ALTITUDE ABOUT A 

3517
02:50:15,336 --> 02:50:16,337
MILE BECAUSE THAT'S IMPORTANT IN

3518
02:50:16,337 --> 02:50:22,277
OUR STUDIES GIVEN KNOWN 

3519
02:50:22,277 --> 02:50:27,148
METABOLIC CHANGES WHEN COME TO 

3520
02:50:27,148 --> 02:50:28,416
ACUTE ALTITUDE.

3521
02:50:28,416 --> 02:50:36,791
AND CONFIRM STABILITIES.

3522
02:50:36,791 --> 02:50:39,761
WE ACCEPT ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES 

3523
02:50:39,761 --> 02:50:43,631
AND RULE OUT EXCESSIVE CAFFEINE 

3524
02:50:43,631 --> 02:50:47,635
OR ALCOHOL USERS AND CONFIRM 

3525
02:50:47,635 --> 02:50:51,439
REGULAR MENSES FOR FEMALE 

3526
02:50:51,439 --> 02:50:52,006
PARTICIPANTS.

3527
02:50:52,006 --> 02:50:55,977
THIS IS FROM OUR LAB BUT MANY OF

3528
02:50:55,977 --> 02:50:57,545
YOU ARE OUT DOING SIMILAR 

3529
02:50:57,545 --> 02:50:57,779
STUDIES.

3530
02:50:57,779 --> 02:50:59,247
IT'S AN EXAMPLE OF THE TYPE OF 

3531
02:50:59,247 --> 02:51:01,015
LAB THAT WE TYPICALLY CONDUCT 

3532
02:51:01,015 --> 02:51:06,554
THESE IN EFFICIENT STUDIES IN 

3533
02:51:06,554 --> 02:51:08,790
OUR LAB IS SET UP FOR A 

3534
02:51:08,790 --> 02:51:12,093
DORM-LIKE FEEL WHERE 

3535
02:51:12,093 --> 02:51:13,361
PARTICIPANTS CAN LIVE 

3536
02:51:13,361 --> 02:51:16,631
COMFORTABLY IN THE LAB WHERE IT 

3537
02:51:16,631 --> 02:51:18,399
DOESN'T FEEL LIKE A SLEEP LAB 

3538
02:51:18,399 --> 02:51:23,905
SETTING YOU MAY FIND IN A 

3539
02:51:23,905 --> 02:51:24,172
HOSPITAL.

3540
02:51:24,172 --> 02:51:34,682
AND YOU CAN SEE THE PAPER TO 

3541
02:51:38,620 --> 02:51:41,222
DISCUSS THE METHOD THROUGH THE 

3542
02:51:41,222 --> 02:51:42,390
WALL BLOOD SAMPLING.

3543
02:51:42,390 --> 02:51:44,325
IF YOU'RE LISTENING AND SAY WE 

3544
02:51:44,325 --> 02:51:46,094
DO THAT EXACT SAME METHOD, IF 

3545
02:51:46,094 --> 02:51:53,735
YOU DON'T MIND PINGING ME I'D 

3546
02:51:53,735 --> 02:51:55,570
LOVE TO CITE YOU IN THE PAPER.

3547
02:51:55,570 --> 02:51:57,872
FOR THE FIRST PART I'LL DIVE 

3548
02:51:57,872 --> 02:51:58,473
INTO OUR INSUFFICIENT SLEEP 

3549
02:51:58,473 --> 02:52:02,243
PROTOCOLS.

3550
02:52:02,243 --> 02:52:04,279
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE TYPE 

3551
02:52:04,279 --> 02:52:05,814
OF PROTOCOL WE RUN.

3552
02:52:05,814 --> 02:52:08,683
THIS IS A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER 

3553
02:52:08,683 --> 02:52:10,285
DESIGN STUDY.

3554
02:52:10,285 --> 02:52:12,253
WHERE ON THE LEFT FROM TOP TO 

3555
02:52:12,253 --> 02:52:16,357
BOTTOM YOU SEE THE DAYS OF IN 

3556
02:52:16,357 --> 02:52:21,729
PATIENT STAY WHERE THE WHITE 

3557
02:52:21,729 --> 02:52:22,530
INDICATES THE SLEEP OPPORTUNITY 

3558
02:52:22,530 --> 02:52:28,870
AND THE SAME PARTICIPANTS COME 

3559
02:52:28,870 --> 02:52:30,839
BACK AND PARTICIPANTS WILL SPEND

3560
02:52:30,839 --> 02:52:33,241
A CERTAIN NUMBER OF DAYS IN THIS

3561
02:52:33,241 --> 02:52:36,377
CASE FOUR IN INSUFFICIENT SLEEP 

3562
02:52:36,377 --> 02:52:38,680
AND THIS WAS FIVE HOURS PER 

3563
02:52:38,680 --> 02:52:41,516
NIGHT IN BED FOLLOWED BY 

3564
02:52:41,516 --> 02:52:42,550
RECOVERY SLEEP AND I'LL SHOW 

3565
02:52:42,550 --> 02:52:45,486
DATA BY THE YELLOW DOTTED LINE 

3566
02:52:45,486 --> 02:52:50,391
WHEN THE OVERNIGHT OR 24-HOUR 

3567
02:52:50,391 --> 02:52:55,163
BLOOD SAMPLING OCCURRED.

3568
02:52:55,163 --> 02:52:56,197
THESE ARE INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE 

3569
02:52:56,197 --> 02:52:57,565
DATA FROM ONE OF OUR 

3570
02:52:57,565 --> 02:52:59,434
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP PROTOCOLS.

3571
02:52:59,434 --> 02:53:02,170
HERE WE SEE THE WHITE LINE IS 

3572
02:53:02,170 --> 02:53:04,973
THE SUFFICIENT OR HABITUAL SLEEP

3573
02:53:04,973 --> 02:53:07,709
WHERE PARTICIPANTS WERE IN BED 

3574
02:53:07,709 --> 02:53:09,711
FOR IN THIS CASE NINE HOURS PER 

3575
02:53:09,711 --> 02:53:11,779
SLEEP AND YOU SEE THE WHITE BAR 

3576
02:53:11,779 --> 02:53:15,650
TO SHOW SLEEP OPPORTUNITY.

3577
02:53:15,650 --> 02:53:18,519
AND YOU CAN SEE CLEAR EXERTIONS 

3578
02:53:18,519 --> 02:53:19,487
THIS IS INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE.

3579
02:53:19,487 --> 02:53:22,290
YOU CAN SEE IN THIS CASE WE'RE 

3580
02:53:22,290 --> 02:53:25,627
GETTING SAMPLES EVERY 15 MINUTES

3581
02:53:25,627 --> 02:53:27,929
AND MEALS ARE INDICATED IN THE 

3582
02:53:27,929 --> 02:53:29,063
WHITE AND RED ARROW FOR 

3583
02:53:29,063 --> 02:53:38,406
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP.

3584
02:53:38,406 --> 02:53:40,141
DURING INSUFFICIENT SLEEP THEY 

3585
02:53:40,141 --> 02:53:42,543
HAVE HIGHER GLUCOSE ON AVERAGE 

3586
02:53:42,543 --> 02:53:47,815
IN RESPONSE TO THE FIRST MEAL OF

3587
02:53:47,815 --> 02:53:54,756
THE DAY THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE

3588
02:53:54,756 --> 02:53:59,894
IS LARGER AND SEE AN OVERSHOOT 

3589
02:53:59,894 --> 02:54:07,535
WITH LOWER GLOW  -- GLUCOSE AND 

3590
02:54:07,535 --> 02:54:10,305
WE CAN DISCUSS THIS IN THE 

3591
02:54:10,305 --> 02:54:13,508
QUESTION AND ANSWER BIT DON'T 

3592
02:54:13,508 --> 02:54:16,277
HAVE INSULIN IN THIS PARTICULAR 

3593
02:54:16,277 --> 02:54:22,750
STUDY.

3594
02:54:22,750 --> 02:54:23,885
HERE DURING SUFFICIENT SLEEP IN 

3595
02:54:23,885 --> 02:54:26,187
WHITE AND THIS WAS A STUDY 

3596
02:54:26,187 --> 02:54:27,155
CONDUCTED AT UNIVERSITY OF 

3597
02:54:27,155 --> 02:54:35,463
CHICAGO AND IT WAS LED BY A 

3598
02:54:35,463 --> 02:54:36,898
SPEAKER IN THE SECOND DAY AND 

3599
02:54:36,898 --> 02:54:39,400
SEE THE NOCTURNAL SURGE AND 

3600
02:54:39,400 --> 02:54:42,370
PRE-FATTY ACID AND THIS IS 

3601
02:54:42,370 --> 02:54:47,508
DURING SUFFICIENT SLEEP.

3602
02:54:47,508 --> 02:54:48,943
AND DURING INSUFFICIENT SLEEP 

3603
02:54:48,943 --> 02:54:51,479
YOU SEE THE BOTTOM BARS INDICATE

3604
02:54:51,479 --> 02:54:52,347
THE SLEEP OPPORTUNITY DURING 

3605
02:54:52,347 --> 02:54:54,382
INEFFICIENT SLEEP.

3606
02:54:54,382 --> 02:54:57,919
THE SAME PARTICIPANTS HAVE A 

3607
02:54:57,919 --> 02:54:59,754
HIGHER FATTY ACIDS DURING THE 

3608
02:54:59,754 --> 02:55:00,888
LATE NIGHT AND EARLY MORNING 

3609
02:55:00,888 --> 02:55:01,122
PERIODS.

3610
02:55:01,122 --> 02:55:06,761
THIS IS NOT A DRASTIC INCREASE 

3611
02:55:06,761 --> 02:55:12,567
BUT CERTAINLY PRESENT OVER THE 

3612
02:55:12,567 --> 02:55:14,369
THIRD NIGHT OF INSUFFICIENT 

3613
02:55:14,369 --> 02:55:20,108
SLEEP.

3614
02:55:20,108 --> 02:55:24,379
WE NEXT ASK WHETHER THE 

3615
02:55:24,379 --> 02:55:26,381
CIRCULATING LIPIDS GET IN THE 

3616
02:55:26,381 --> 02:55:29,017
MUSCLE BECAUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF

3617
02:55:29,017 --> 02:55:30,785
DIABETES AND OBESITY WE KNOW 

3618
02:55:30,785 --> 02:55:31,619
LIPIDS ARE GETTING IN THE MUSCLE

3619
02:55:31,619 --> 02:55:35,156
AND PLAYING A ROLE IN INDUCING 

3620
02:55:35,156 --> 02:55:35,656
INSULIN RESISTANCE.

3621
02:55:35,656 --> 02:55:39,427
THIS IS HOW WE CONDUCT BIOPSY OF

3622
02:55:39,427 --> 02:55:42,397
THE THYMUSAL.

3623
02:55:42,397 --> 02:55:47,001
-- THIGH MUSCLE.

3624
02:55:47,001 --> 02:55:49,971
IF YOU LOOK AT THE LEFT GRAPH 

3625
02:55:49,971 --> 02:55:55,643
WITH THE TURQUOISE WE'RE 

3626
02:55:55,643 --> 02:55:58,346
INTERESTED IN A FORM OF LIPID 

3627
02:55:58,346 --> 02:56:03,451
FORUM AFTER THE HYDROLYZATION OF

3628
02:56:03,451 --> 02:56:07,121
FATTY ACIDS FROM TRIGLYCERIDE.

3629
02:56:07,121 --> 02:56:11,592
WE DO FIND FROM THE MUSCLE 

3630
02:56:11,592 --> 02:56:14,395
BIOPSIES THEY'RE INCREASED IN 

3631
02:56:14,395 --> 02:56:16,297
SOME OF THE CHAIN LINK OF 

3632
02:56:16,297 --> 02:56:16,531
LIPIDS.

3633
02:56:16,531 --> 02:56:17,565
ACROSS THE BOTTOM THEY'RE 

3634
02:56:17,565 --> 02:56:23,538
DIFFERENT SIZES OF FATTY ACIDS.

3635
02:56:23,538 --> 02:56:27,542
THESE HAVE BEEN OTHER CONTEXT OF

3636
02:56:27,542 --> 02:56:35,183
METABOLIC DISEASE.

3637
02:56:35,183 --> 02:56:36,184
MOVING INTO MORE BLOOD PRESSURE 

3638
02:56:36,184 --> 02:56:37,485
RESULTS THE NEXT TWO PIECES OF 

3639
02:56:37,485 --> 02:56:39,787
DATA WERE GENERATED AND LED BY 

3640
02:56:39,787 --> 02:56:42,857
Ph.D. STUDENT IN THE LAB.

3641
02:56:42,857 --> 02:56:46,994
AND THAT'S SOON TO BE DR. SOPHI 

3642
02:56:46,994 --> 02:56:50,231
SEWARD ON THE CALL.

3643
02:56:50,231 --> 02:56:53,534
AND HERE DR. AGGARWAL NICELY 

3644
02:56:53,534 --> 02:56:57,805
SHOWED DURING HABITUAL SLEEP 

3645
02:56:57,805 --> 02:56:59,941
THERE WAS A CLEAR DIPPING 

3646
02:56:59,941 --> 02:57:00,508
PATTERN FOR SYSTOLIC BLOOD 

3647
02:57:00,508 --> 02:57:03,344
PRESSURE.

3648
02:57:03,344 --> 02:57:06,214
AND DURING SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN 

3649
02:57:06,214 --> 02:57:07,915
DISRUPTION WE LOSE THIS DIPPING 

3650
02:57:07,915 --> 02:57:09,750
BECAUSE YOU CAN SEE AGAIN 

3651
02:57:09,750 --> 02:57:11,319
THEY'RE STAYING AWEAK LONGER 

3652
02:57:11,319 --> 02:57:12,420
WHEN IN THE OTHER CONDITION THEY

3653
02:57:12,420 --> 02:57:13,321
WERE ASLEEP.

3654
02:57:13,321 --> 02:57:16,324
YOU CAN SEE THE SIGNIFICANT 

3655
02:57:16,324 --> 02:57:26,801
ELEVATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE.

3656
02:57:27,001 --> 02:57:29,237
HERE WE HAVE DIASTOLIC PATTERN 

3657
02:57:29,237 --> 02:57:30,371
AND YOU SEE THE SLEEP AND 

3658
02:57:30,371 --> 02:57:36,144
CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION.

3659
02:57:36,144 --> 02:57:40,314
FOLLOWING A SIMILAR PATTERN IN 

3660
02:57:40,314 --> 02:57:42,383
SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD 

3661
02:57:42,383 --> 02:57:44,585
PRESSURE AND CONDUCTED WITH A 

3662
02:57:44,585 --> 02:57:49,257
BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING DEVICE

3663
02:57:49,257 --> 02:57:52,093
WE USED TO ASSESS BLOOD PRESSURE

3664
02:57:52,093 --> 02:58:02,403
EVERY 30 MINUTES.

3665
02:58:11,379 --> 02:58:13,848
THIS IS HABITUAL SLEEP AND 

3666
02:58:13,848 --> 02:58:16,751
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP SEEING A 

3667
02:58:16,751 --> 02:58:19,020
REDUCTION IN VASCULAR FUNCTION 

3668
02:58:19,020 --> 02:58:29,463
WITH FLOW METER DILATION.

3669
02:58:47,615 --> 02:58:49,984
AND SEE THESE ARE INCREASED 

3670
02:58:49,984 --> 02:58:51,085
DURING INSUFFICIENT SLEEP.

3671
02:58:51,085 --> 02:58:54,155
WE DON'T SEE ANY CHANGES IN T 

3672
02:58:54,155 --> 02:58:59,727
TAU BUT THIS ALONG WITH OUR 

3673
02:58:59,727 --> 02:59:02,430
PREVIOUS DATA SHOWED SHOWING 

3674
02:59:02,430 --> 02:59:05,066
NEURO VASCULAR CHANGES AND 

3675
02:59:05,066 --> 02:59:06,200
THEY'RE I AM IMPLEMENTING TRANS 

3676
02:59:06,200 --> 02:59:16,611
CRANIAL DOPPLER IMAGING.

3677
02:59:23,050 --> 02:59:26,420
TO REITERATE FOR OUR PURPOSES I 

3678
02:59:26,420 --> 02:59:28,689
WANTED TO DEFINE CIRCADIAN 

3679
02:59:28,689 --> 02:59:33,861
MISALIGNMENT FOR THE NEXT COUPLE

3680
02:59:33,861 --> 02:59:37,064
OF SLIDES.

3681
02:59:37,064 --> 02:59:38,065
WE'D LOOK AT SLEEP, WAKE AND 

3682
02:59:38,065 --> 02:59:48,442
ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS.

3683
02:59:53,914 --> 02:59:56,717
WHEN THINK OF BEING AWAKE AND 

3684
02:59:56,717 --> 03:00:00,821
ACTIVE WE CONSIDER THAT TO OCCUR

3685
03:00:00,821 --> 03:00:06,694
IN DIURNAL SPECIES LIKE 

3686
03:00:06,694 --> 03:00:10,364
OURSELVES AND AT DARK BEING 

3687
03:00:10,364 --> 03:00:15,770
ASLEEP AND FASTING AND INACTIVE 

3688
03:00:15,770 --> 03:00:19,040
AND CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT IS 

3689
03:00:19,040 --> 03:00:20,741
ANY MISMATCH BEFORE YOUR 

3690
03:00:20,741 --> 03:00:22,310
HABITUAL WAKE TIME OR EATING IN 

3691
03:00:22,310 --> 03:00:24,879
MY EXAMPLE GETTING UP EARLY TO 

3692
03:00:24,879 --> 03:00:27,715
CATCH A FLIGHT WE COULD CALL 

3693
03:00:27,715 --> 03:00:28,215
THAT MORNING CIRCADIAN 

3694
03:00:28,215 --> 03:00:38,459
MISALIGNMENT.

3695
03:00:45,966 --> 03:00:47,902
THERE'S A SLAM SHIFT PROTOCOL 

3696
03:00:47,902 --> 03:00:49,003
BEFORE DAYS ARE SPENT IN THE LAB

3697
03:00:49,003 --> 03:00:51,372
WHERE PARTICIPANTS COME IN IN 

3698
03:00:51,372 --> 03:00:56,110
THE EVENING AND D INDICATES 

3699
03:00:56,110 --> 03:00:57,978
DINNER I HAVE TWO NIGHTS OF A 

3700
03:00:57,978 --> 03:00:59,680
DAY SHIFT MIMICKING SCHEDULE 

3701
03:00:59,680 --> 03:01:00,848
WHERE THEY SLEEP AT NIGHT AND 

3702
03:01:00,848 --> 03:01:02,550
AWAKE DURING THE DAY.

3703
03:01:02,550 --> 03:01:05,519
ON THE THIRD DAY WE USE THAT AS 

3704
03:01:05,519 --> 03:01:08,389
A TRANSITION DAY INTO SIMULATED 

3705
03:01:08,389 --> 03:01:11,826
NIGHT SHIFT WORK WHERE 

3706
03:01:11,826 --> 03:01:14,095
PARTICIPANTS WOULD TRY TO GET A 

3707
03:01:14,095 --> 03:01:16,330
DAYTIME NAP OPPORTUNITY WHICH IS

3708
03:01:16,330 --> 03:01:17,631
PRETTY TYPICAL IN SHIFT WORKERS 

3709
03:01:17,631 --> 03:01:18,799
FOLLOWED BY TWO DAYS OF 

3710
03:01:18,799 --> 03:01:24,438
SIMULATED NIGHT SHIFT WORK.

3711
03:01:24,438 --> 03:01:26,707
I'LL SHOW DATA FROM THE RED 

3712
03:01:26,707 --> 03:01:28,309
DOTTED LINES FROM BLOOD SAMPLES 

3713
03:01:28,309 --> 03:01:30,311
OVER 24 HOURS ON WHAT I'LL CALL 

3714
03:01:30,311 --> 03:01:39,220
ALIGNMENT AND MISALIGNMENT.

3715
03:01:39,220 --> 03:01:40,688
THESE ARE INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE 

3716
03:01:40,688 --> 03:01:43,457
DATA AND WE SEE A PATTERN WHERE 

3717
03:01:43,457 --> 03:01:44,658
WE HAVE NICE GLUCOSE EXERTIONS 

3718
03:01:44,658 --> 03:01:46,360
IN RESPONSE TO THE MEALS WHICH 

3719
03:01:46,360 --> 03:01:46,927
ARE INDICATED IN THE WHITE 

3720
03:01:46,927 --> 03:01:57,071
ARROWS.

3721
03:01:58,072 --> 03:02:00,007
WE SEE THE SIGNIFICANT ELEVATION

3722
03:02:00,007 --> 03:02:03,110
IN GLUCOSE LEVELS ESPECIALLY IN 

3723
03:02:03,110 --> 03:02:04,378
RESPONSE TO THE FIRST MEAL OF 

3724
03:02:04,378 --> 03:02:06,447
THE DAY WHICH IN THIS CASE IS 

3725
03:02:06,447 --> 03:02:08,816
ADD A DIFFERENT CIRCADIAN TIME.

3726
03:02:08,816 --> 03:02:11,085
THE X AXIS IS TIME AND WEIGHT 

3727
03:02:11,085 --> 03:02:12,520
AND MISALIGNMENT CONDITION 

3728
03:02:12,520 --> 03:02:17,825
PARTICIPANTS WAKE UP IN THE 

3729
03:02:17,825 --> 03:02:22,196
BIOLOGICAL EVENINGL THIS IS AN 

3730
03:02:22,196 --> 03:02:23,497
IDENTICAL MEAL AND YOU CAN SEE 

3731
03:02:23,497 --> 03:02:25,232
IN THE MISALIGNMENT CONDITION 

3732
03:02:25,232 --> 03:02:28,269
THERE'S A MEAL LATER IN THE DAY 

3733
03:02:28,269 --> 03:02:28,936
THAT'S WHAT THAT LITTLE SURGE IS

3734
03:02:28,936 --> 03:02:39,046
THERE.

3735
03:02:45,419 --> 03:02:48,189
YOU CAN SEE THEY'RE SUPPRESSED 

3736
03:02:48,189 --> 03:02:49,190
AND INSULIN SECRETION AND IN THE

3737
03:02:49,190 --> 03:02:51,225
YELLOW ARROWS YOU CAN SEE 

3738
03:02:51,225 --> 03:02:53,894
FOLLOWING THAT PERIOD YOU HAVE A

3739
03:02:53,894 --> 03:03:04,171
PRE-FATTY ACID SUPPRESSION.

3740
03:03:04,171 --> 03:03:05,473
AND THEY'RE ELEVATED WHEN 

3741
03:03:05,473 --> 03:03:07,141
PARTICIPANTS ARE AWAKE AND 

3742
03:03:07,141 --> 03:03:10,411
EATING DURING THE BIOLOGICAL 

3743
03:03:10,411 --> 03:03:19,386
NIGHT.

3744
03:03:19,386 --> 03:03:24,892
ON THE LEFT YOU CAN SEE THESE 

3745
03:03:24,892 --> 03:03:27,228
ARE DATA FROM LABS USING A 

3746
03:03:27,228 --> 03:03:31,065
SIMILAR PROTOCOL YOU CAN SEE 

3747
03:03:31,065 --> 03:03:33,167
DURING CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT IN

3748
03:03:33,167 --> 03:03:39,273
THE RED LINES WE CAN SEE THAT 

3749
03:03:39,273 --> 03:03:40,841
BLOOD PRESSURE ARE SIGNIFICANTLY

3750
03:03:40,841 --> 03:03:42,276
ELEVATED WHEN PARTICIPANTS ARE 

3751
03:03:42,276 --> 03:03:43,377
SLEEPING DURING THE BIOLOGICAL 

3752
03:03:43,377 --> 03:03:49,383
DAY AND THEN ON THE RIGHT SLIDE 

3753
03:03:49,383 --> 03:03:55,523
THESE ARE DATA SHOWING THE 

3754
03:03:55,523 --> 03:04:06,000
INHIBITER WHICH INHIBITS FIB

3755
03:04:06,000 --> 03:04:08,168
FIBRINOLYSIS AND YOU CAN SEE THE

3756
03:04:08,168 --> 03:04:10,571
COLOR IS IN DAY TWO WHICH IS IN 

3757
03:04:10,571 --> 03:04:14,875
YELLOW YOU CAN SEE IT'S HIGH 

3758
03:04:14,875 --> 03:04:16,744
OVER HABITUAL SLEEP BUT WHEN 

3759
03:04:16,744 --> 03:04:19,013
PARTICIPANTS IN THE SIMILAR 

3760
03:04:19,013 --> 03:04:21,682
PROTOCOL ARE CIRCADIAN 

3761
03:04:21,682 --> 03:04:24,652
MISALINED, WE SEE AN ALMOST 

3762
03:04:24,652 --> 03:04:25,386
FLATTENING OF IT.

3763
03:04:25,386 --> 03:04:27,688
THIS DATA WERE PUBLISHED AS A 

3764
03:04:27,688 --> 03:04:29,790
SUPPLEMENT BUT I CHECKED IN WITH

3765
03:04:29,790 --> 03:04:32,660
DR. DEPNER AND THE DATA UNDER 

3766
03:04:32,660 --> 03:04:33,794
REVIEW CURRENTLY HOPEFULLY IT 

3767
03:04:33,794 --> 03:04:44,204
WILL BE OUT PRETTY SOON.

3768
03:04:45,773 --> 03:04:50,144
THINKING ABOUT COUNTER MEASURES 

3769
03:04:50,144 --> 03:04:55,115
AND AS WAS NICELY MENTIONED 

3770
03:04:55,115 --> 03:04:59,253
CHRONONUTRITION AND DIVE INTO 

3771
03:04:59,253 --> 03:05:00,955
PRELIMINARY DATA LOOKING AT 

3772
03:05:00,955 --> 03:05:04,191
EATING AT NIGHT AND HOW THAT MAY

3773
03:05:04,191 --> 03:05:06,427
PLAY A ROLE IN CIRCADIAN 

3774
03:05:06,427 --> 03:05:14,835
MISALIGNMENT.

3775
03:05:14,835 --> 03:05:17,638
WE HEARD EATING AT BIOLOGICAL 

3776
03:05:17,638 --> 03:05:20,975
NIGHT IS ASSOCIATED WITH 

3777
03:05:20,975 --> 03:05:22,710
DISTURBING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN 

3778
03:05:22,710 --> 03:05:23,844
PERIPHERAL CLOTS AND WE KNOW 

3779
03:05:23,844 --> 03:05:26,547
IT'S ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED 

3780
03:05:26,547 --> 03:05:35,489
METABOLIC FUNCTION AND INCREASED

3781
03:05:35,489 --> 03:05:36,323
DISEASE RISK.

3782
03:05:36,323 --> 03:05:38,192
TO DIVE IN MORE AND ASSESS THE 

3783
03:05:38,192 --> 03:05:40,728
IMPACT OF TIME-RESTRICTED 

3784
03:05:40,728 --> 03:05:42,196
FEEDING OR EATING DURING EYE 

3785
03:05:42,196 --> 03:05:44,598
SHORTER PERIOD DURING THE 

3786
03:05:44,598 --> 03:05:45,265
BIOLOGICAL MORNING WE 

3787
03:05:45,265 --> 03:05:46,166
ASSESSED -- I'LL SHOW YOU DATA 

3788
03:05:46,166 --> 03:05:46,800
FROM THE FACTORS WE LACKED AT 

3789
03:05:46,800 --> 03:05:50,004
BEFORE.

3790
03:05:50,004 --> 03:05:51,839
-- LOOKED AT BEFORE LIKE GLUCOSE

3791
03:05:51,839 --> 03:05:57,945
AND LIPIDS AND BLOOD PRESSURE.

3792
03:05:57,945 --> 03:06:03,651
FOR THIS WE RECRUITED HEALTHY 

3793
03:06:03,651 --> 03:06:05,653
YOUNG PARTICIPANTS FOR ONE WEEK 

3794
03:06:05,653 --> 03:06:11,058
EATING WITH 13 HOURS ON THE LEFT

3795
03:06:11,058 --> 03:06:18,432
AND THEN RESTRICTED IT WITH ISO 

3796
03:06:18,432 --> 03:06:25,406
CALORIC CONDITIONS.

3797
03:06:25,406 --> 03:06:28,375
YOU'RE FAMILIAR WITH THE PATTERN

3798
03:06:28,375 --> 03:06:32,780
OF GLUCOSE DURING THE CONTROL 13

3799
03:06:32,780 --> 03:06:40,320
HOUR EATING WINDOW IN WHITE.

3800
03:06:40,320 --> 03:06:40,554
AND -- 

3801
03:06:40,554 --> 03:06:41,221
>> TWO-MINUTE WARNING.

3802
03:06:41,221 --> 03:06:51,398
>> THREW.

3803
03:06:51,632 --> 03:06:52,332
THE PARTICIPANTS WERE SUCCESSFUL

3804
03:06:52,332 --> 03:06:54,702
IN SHIFTING TO AN EIGHT-HOUR 

3805
03:06:54,702 --> 03:06:57,571
WINDOW AND THAT RESULTED IN A 

3806
03:06:57,571 --> 03:06:59,406
SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN 

3807
03:06:59,406 --> 03:07:00,040
INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE DURING THAT

3808
03:07:00,040 --> 03:07:09,917
TIME PERIOD.

3809
03:07:09,917 --> 03:07:13,754
WE'VE NOW DONE SOME LIPID OMICS 

3810
03:07:13,754 --> 03:07:21,862
AND FOUND THE DAGS ARE REDUCED 

3811
03:07:21,862 --> 03:07:28,102
SHOWN IN RED.

3812
03:07:28,102 --> 03:07:30,571
THIS IS THE FINAL DATA SLIDE 

3813
03:07:30,571 --> 03:07:31,672
FAIRLY PRELIMINARY BUT SHOWING A

3814
03:07:31,672 --> 03:07:34,675
CONSISTENT PATTERN OF REDUCED 

3815
03:07:34,675 --> 03:07:38,245
BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC AND 

3816
03:07:38,245 --> 03:07:38,912
DIASTOLIC AFTER THE CONDITION IN

3817
03:07:38,912 --> 03:07:49,089
THE STUDY.

3818
03:07:49,990 --> 03:07:54,995
SOME CONCLUSIONS AND WE COULD DO

3819
03:07:54,995 --> 03:07:58,398
THREE CLICKS AND PUT THE 

3820
03:07:58,398 --> 03:08:00,134
CONCLUSIONS UP.

3821
03:08:00,134 --> 03:08:03,804
HOPEFULLY I HAVE CONVINCED YOU 

3822
03:08:03,804 --> 03:08:05,539
CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION AND INCLUDE

3823
03:08:05,539 --> 03:08:07,207
HOMEOSTASIS I DIDN'T MAKE THE 

3824
03:08:07,207 --> 03:08:08,375
LINK TO VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS 

3825
03:08:08,375 --> 03:08:13,046
BUT WE KNOW ELEVATED GLUCOSE IS 

3826
03:08:13,046 --> 03:08:14,214
RESPONSIBLE FOR A LOT OF 

3827
03:08:14,214 --> 03:08:16,450
VASCULAR PROBLEMS IN PEOPLE WITH

3828
03:08:16,450 --> 03:08:17,584
DIABETES.

3829
03:08:17,584 --> 03:08:19,620
WE ALSO FOUND INCREASED FATTY 

3830
03:08:19,620 --> 03:08:25,058
ACIDS CIRCULATING LIPID SPECIES 

3831
03:08:25,058 --> 03:08:26,560
AND INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE AND

3832
03:08:26,560 --> 03:08:30,564
REDUCED VASCULAR FUNCTION AS 

3833
03:08:30,564 --> 03:08:32,833
ASSESSED BY FMG.

3834
03:08:32,833 --> 03:08:35,435
TIME RESTRICTED EATING WAS 

3835
03:08:35,435 --> 03:08:38,405
ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER GLUCOSE 

3836
03:08:38,405 --> 03:08:40,240
AND LOWERED LIPID SPECIES AND 

3837
03:08:40,240 --> 03:08:41,508
BLOOD PRESSURE.

3838
03:08:41,508 --> 03:08:45,345
SO MOVING FORWARD WE ARE 

3839
03:08:45,345 --> 03:08:46,780
INTERESTED IN WHETHER OPTIMIZING

3840
03:08:46,780 --> 03:08:47,648
CIRCADIAN TIMING DURING 

3841
03:08:47,648 --> 03:08:49,349
CIRCADIAN MISALIGNMENT WHICH I 

3842
03:08:49,349 --> 03:08:51,451
DOESN'T SHOW YOU, THAT'S KIND OF

3843
03:08:51,451 --> 03:08:53,420
OUR FUTURE DIRECTION AND WHETHER

3844
03:08:53,420 --> 03:08:58,592
THAT COULD MITIGATE SOME 

3845
03:08:58,592 --> 03:09:01,094
CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC 

3846
03:09:01,094 --> 03:09:01,528
COMPLICATIONS.

3847
03:09:01,528 --> 03:09:04,431
WITH THAT THE LAST CLICK IS 

3848
03:09:04,431 --> 03:09:09,236
FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

3849
03:09:09,236 --> 03:09:11,271
AND FEEL FREE TO PUT QUESTIONS 

3850
03:09:11,271 --> 03:09:12,940
IN THE CHAT AND Q&A FOR THE 

3851
03:09:12,940 --> 03:09:13,974
FINAL SESSION WHERE WE'LL TALK 

3852
03:09:13,974 --> 03:09:14,441
ABOUT IT AT THE END.

3853
03:09:14,441 --> 03:09:21,748
THANK YOU.

3854
03:09:21,748 --> 03:09:23,283
>> INTERESTING TALK AND
LOOKING 

3855
03:09:23,283 --> 03:09:24,151
FORWARD TO ASKING QUESTIONS 

3856
03:09:24,151 --> 03:09:24,351
LATER.

3857
03:09:24,351 --> 03:09:29,289
NOW WE'LL TURN TO OUR NEXT TALK 

3858
03:09:29,289 --> 03:09:34,294
WHICH IS FROM DR. PHILIP CHENG 

3859
03:09:34,294 --> 03:09:35,562
TALKING ABOUT CONCEPTUALIZING 

3860
03:09:35,562 --> 03:09:36,363
CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND APPLICATION

3861
03:09:36,363 --> 03:09:46,874
TO CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE.

3862
03:10:02,055 --> 03:10:04,691
COULD THE A/V TEAM UNMUTE HIM.

3863
03:10:04,691 --> 03:10:06,260
>> I COULDN'T UNMUTE
MYSELF.

3864
03:10:06,260 --> 03:10:06,560
>> WELCOME.

3865
03:10:06,560 --> 03:10:12,499
THANK YOU.

3866
03:10:12,499 --> 03:10:20,073
>> I'M EXCITED TO BE HERE.

3867
03:10:20,073 --> 03:10:23,944
LIKED TO THINK OF THE 

3868
03:10:23,944 --> 03:10:25,312
OPPORTUNITIES TO PUSH THE HEALTH

3869
03:10:25,312 --> 03:10:26,079
AND RESILIENCE.

3870
03:10:26,079 --> 03:10:31,184
IN THIS TALK I REALLY AM GOING 

3871
03:10:31,184 --> 03:10:35,122
TO TRY AND GROUND THE CONTENT IN

3872
03:10:35,122 --> 03:10:36,723
RESILIENCE AND IN DEFINITION OF 

3873
03:10:36,723 --> 03:10:43,664
RESILIENCE THAT HAS COME UP.

3874
03:10:43,664 --> 03:10:45,132
I'LL FLY THROUGH THE RESILIENCE 

3875
03:10:45,132 --> 03:10:47,768
PIECES SO WE'RE ON THE SAME PAGE

3876
03:10:47,768 --> 03:10:50,103
AND ALSO ONE COMMONALITY BETWEEN

3877
03:10:50,103 --> 03:10:51,038
CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND RESILIENCE 

3878
03:10:51,038 --> 03:10:53,507
IS WE DON'T HAVE A GOOD STRONG 

3879
03:10:53,507 --> 03:10:56,610
SHARED DEFINITION SO I'D LIKE TO

3880
03:10:56,610 --> 03:10:57,744
UNPACK A LITTLE BIT AND GET TO 

3881
03:10:57,744 --> 03:10:58,312
KEY QUESTIONS.

3882
03:10:58,312 --> 03:11:00,447
WE'LL GET INTO OVERVIEW OF THE 

3883
03:11:00,447 --> 03:11:01,381
EVIDENCE AND SOME OF WHICH GETS 

3884
03:11:01,381 --> 03:11:06,687
TO THE KEY QUESTIONS.

3885
03:11:06,687 --> 03:11:14,227
THEN END WITH FUTURE DIRECTIONS.

3886
03:11:14,227 --> 03:11:15,929
LET'S START WITH THE TERM 

3887
03:11:15,929 --> 03:11:16,229
RESILIENCE.

3888
03:11:16,229 --> 03:11:19,666
THIS WAS AN IMAGE GENERATED BY 

3889
03:11:19,666 --> 03:11:22,469
CHAT GPT WHICH IS AS VAGUE AS WE

3890
03:11:22,469 --> 03:11:28,041
CAN GET IN THINKING ABOUT 

3891
03:11:28,041 --> 03:11:37,117
RESILIENCE.

3892
03:11:37,117 --> 03:11:43,857
I WANT TO SURFACE THE THREE 

3893
03:11:43,857 --> 03:11:47,494
COMPONENT RESIST OR ADAPT FROM A

3894
03:11:47,494 --> 03:11:57,671
STRESSOR.

3895
03:12:04,277 --> 03:12:08,248
ON THE Y AXIS YOU HAVE 

3896
03:12:08,248 --> 03:12:14,388
FUNCTIONING AT NORMAL LEVELS OR 

3897
03:12:14,388 --> 03:12:15,922
HIGHER AND THE BLUE LINE IS 

3898
03:12:15,922 --> 03:12:16,590
THRESHOLD FOR CLINICALLY 

3899
03:12:16,590 --> 03:12:26,066
SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT.

3900
03:12:26,066 --> 03:12:27,634
EVERYONE'S MOVING AT NORMAL 

3901
03:12:27,634 --> 03:12:27,934
FUNCTIONING.

3902
03:12:27,934 --> 03:12:31,772
WE HAVE A STRESSOR AS INDICATED 

3903
03:12:31,772 --> 03:12:33,740
IN THE ORANGE AND YOU GET SOME 

3904
03:12:33,740 --> 03:12:35,609
PEOPLE WHO GET IMPAIRMENT AND 

3905
03:12:35,609 --> 03:12:39,279
SOME OF WHOM ARE CLINICALLY 

3906
03:12:39,279 --> 03:12:40,847
SIGNIFICANT, OTHERS LESS SO

3907
03:12:40,847 --> 03:12:43,817
THOSE RESISTANT ARE TYPICALLY 

3908
03:12:43,817 --> 03:12:44,985
THOSE WE THINK OF BEING ABLE TO 

3909
03:12:44,985 --> 03:12:51,792
BEND BUT NOT BREAK.

3910
03:12:51,792 --> 03:12:54,394
THE APPROPRIATE ANALOGY IS YOU 

3911
03:12:54,394 --> 03:12:57,197
WALK ALONG AND QUICKLY REGAIN 

3912
03:12:57,197 --> 03:12:58,031
YOUR BALANCE AND SUSTAIN AN 

3913
03:12:58,031 --> 03:13:03,170
INJURY.

3914
03:13:03,170 --> 03:13:07,174
ON THIS SLIDE WE'LL TALK ABOUT 

3915
03:13:07,174 --> 03:13:07,741
RECOVERY.

3916
03:13:07,741 --> 03:13:10,310
THIS SHOWS UP IN RESILIENCE AND 

3917
03:13:10,310 --> 03:13:12,012
WHEN WE ASK PEOPLE HOW RESILIENT

3918
03:13:12,012 --> 03:13:14,414
THEY ARE AND HOW QUICKLY THEY 

3919
03:13:14,414 --> 03:13:15,282
RECOVER FROM STRESS.

3920
03:13:15,282 --> 03:13:17,451
AND THE IDEA HERE IS THAT YOU 

3921
03:13:17,451 --> 03:13:20,120
CAN HAVE A SLOW RECOVERY IN THE 

3922
03:13:20,120 --> 03:13:23,490
BLUE OR PURPLE OR FASTER 

3923
03:13:23,490 --> 03:13:25,225
RECOVERY LIKE YOU SEE IN THE RED

3924
03:13:25,225 --> 03:13:27,060
AND SO THOSE ARE FOLKS WE MIGHT 

3925
03:13:27,060 --> 03:13:31,431
CONSIDER BEING MORE RESILIENT.

3926
03:13:31,431 --> 03:13:32,899
ON THE NEXT SLIDE YOU'LL SEE 

3927
03:13:32,899 --> 03:13:36,136
ADAPTATION WHICH I THINK IS MORE

3928
03:13:36,136 --> 03:13:37,204
COMPLEX BUT PERHAPS MORE 

3929
03:13:37,204 --> 03:13:38,438
INTERESTING COMPONENT.

3930
03:13:38,438 --> 03:13:40,740
SO MY CONCEPTUALIZATION OF 

3931
03:13:40,740 --> 03:13:42,409
ADAPTATION OPPOSED TO THE ORANGE

3932
03:13:42,409 --> 03:13:46,980
LINE WHERE YOU HAVE A STRESSOR A

3933
03:13:46,980 --> 03:13:49,983
RESPONSE AND MAYBE A DIP IN 

3934
03:13:49,983 --> 03:13:51,351
FUNCTIONING AND RECOVER AND WHAT

3935
03:13:51,351 --> 03:13:56,490
HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE A REPEATED

3936
03:13:56,490 --> 03:13:56,756
STRESSOR.

3937
03:13:56,756 --> 03:14:03,730
I THINK ADAPTATION GETS AT 

3938
03:14:03,730 --> 03:14:05,499
CHANGE OR GROWTH THAT LEADS TO 

3939
03:14:05,499 --> 03:14:07,868
RESIST IN THE LONG RUN IN THE 

3940
03:14:07,868 --> 03:14:10,871
STRESS INOCULATION MODEL OR HOW 

3941
03:14:10,871 --> 03:14:13,173
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN CREATE 

3942
03:14:13,173 --> 03:14:14,407
ANTIBODIES TO FIGHT EXPOSURE TO 

3943
03:14:14,407 --> 03:14:18,245
THE SAME PATHOGENS.

3944
03:14:18,245 --> 03:14:20,113
AND YOU SEE CIRCADIAN HEALTH.

3945
03:14:20,113 --> 03:14:25,519
I'LL ALSO JUST QUICKLY GO 

3946
03:14:25,519 --> 03:14:27,420
THROUGH THIS YOU'LL SEE THE 

3947
03:14:27,420 --> 03:14:30,090
POINT WHICH IS WE'VE ALMOST ALL 

3948
03:14:30,090 --> 03:14:38,398
ORGANISMS HAVE EVOLVED UNDER 

3949
03:14:38,398 --> 03:14:46,706
THIS 24 HOUR CYCLE AND CIRCADIAN

3950
03:14:46,706 --> 03:14:57,184
RHYTHM AFFECTS FUNCTIONING.

3951
03:15:07,827 --> 03:15:10,397
HOW LONG A RHYTHM TAKES AND 

3952
03:15:10,397 --> 03:15:12,766
AMPLITUDE GETTING TO THE 

3953
03:15:12,766 --> 03:15:14,868
MAGNITUDE THEIR SIGNAL.

3954
03:15:14,868 --> 03:15:21,107
LET'S START WITH PHASE.

3955
03:15:21,107 --> 03:15:22,409
ONE COMMON EVENT IS CIRCADIAN 

3956
03:15:22,409 --> 03:15:24,978
HEALTH IS THE ONSET OF MELATONIN

3957
03:15:24,978 --> 03:15:26,246
SECRETION AS A MARKER FOR WHEN 

3958
03:15:26,246 --> 03:15:28,348
OUR BODY IS PREPARED FOR SLEEP.

3959
03:15:28,348 --> 03:15:30,383
MOST OF US WILL VIT AT NIGHTTIME

3960
03:15:30,383 --> 03:15:31,818
AND GO TO WORK DURING THE DAY 

3961
03:15:31,818 --> 03:15:42,429
AND THAT ALLOWS US TO AB  -- BE 

3962
03:15:43,830 --> 03:15:44,898
ALERT DURING THE DAY AND IN 

3963
03:15:44,898 --> 03:15:47,167
TERMS OF SHIFT WORK IS WHEN OUR 

3964
03:15:47,167 --> 03:15:49,502
WORK SCHEDULE NOW IS OVERLAPPING

3965
03:15:49,502 --> 03:15:51,271
WITH THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PERIOD 

3966
03:15:51,271 --> 03:15:53,406
WHERE OUR BODY IS EXPECTING 

3967
03:15:53,406 --> 03:15:55,141
SLEEP AND THE BAD THINGS THAT 

3968
03:15:55,141 --> 03:15:58,378
CAN HAPPEN.

3969
03:15:58,378 --> 03:16:02,782
YOU'LL SEE CIRCADIAN 

3970
03:16:02,782 --> 03:16:04,484
MISALIGNMENT HAS BEEN WELL 

3971
03:16:04,484 --> 03:16:05,719
ESTABLISHED AS A RISK FACTOR FOR

3972
03:16:05,719 --> 03:16:11,024
CARDIOVASCULAR ILLNESS.

3973
03:16:11,024 --> 03:16:13,026
THE ODDS RATIO BEING 1.4 IN THE 

3974
03:16:13,026 --> 03:16:23,169
STUDIES.

3975
03:16:25,605 --> 03:16:27,274
THIS MODEL SPEAKS TO HOW 

3976
03:16:27,274 --> 03:16:32,946
MISALIGNMENT COULD BE A RISK FOR

3977
03:16:32,946 --> 03:16:34,414
BLOOD PRESSURE AND OTHER 

3978
03:16:34,414 --> 03:16:38,318
CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES.

3979
03:16:38,318 --> 03:16:48,194
ON THE NEXT SLIDE A KEY QUESTION

3980
03:16:48,194 --> 03:16:55,702
IS CIRCADIAN MISASSIGNMENT -- 

3981
03:16:55,702 --> 03:17:00,440
MISALIGNMENT AS A WAY TO CONFER 

3982
03:17:00,440 --> 03:17:02,409
DISEASE RESISTANCE OR ENHANCE 

3983
03:17:02,409 --> 03:17:02,676
RECOVERY.

3984
03:17:02,676 --> 03:17:06,513
IF SO, WHAT ARE WE ALIGNING TO?

3985
03:17:06,513 --> 03:17:09,215
THIS GETS AT CHRONOTYPE I'LL SAY

3986
03:17:09,215 --> 03:17:10,216
MORE ABOUT LATER.

3987
03:17:10,216 --> 03:17:13,320
ANOTHER QUESTION IS IS 

3988
03:17:13,320 --> 03:17:16,556
MISALIGNMENT A PHYSIOLOGICAL 

3989
03:17:16,556 --> 03:17:17,257
CHALLENGE WE OUGHT TO BE 

3990
03:17:17,257 --> 03:17:23,196
RESILIENT AGAINST?

3991
03:17:23,196 --> 03:17:31,838
WE'LL TALK ABOUT PERIOD WE ALL 

3992
03:17:31,838 --> 03:17:33,506
HAVE RHYTHMS THERE VARY AND IF 

3993
03:17:33,506 --> 03:17:34,674
THEY'RE 24 HOURS THAT IS NICE 

3994
03:17:34,674 --> 03:17:36,943
BECAUSE IT ALLOWS PREDICTABLE IN

3995
03:17:36,943 --> 03:17:37,143
PHASE.

3996
03:17:37,143 --> 03:17:42,415
SO IN THIS CASE WE'RE TRACKING 

3997
03:17:42,415 --> 03:17:50,390
THE RED TRIANGLE SAY WE'RE 

3998
03:17:50,390 --> 03:17:52,425
TRACKING PEAK RESISTANCE AND 

3999
03:17:52,425 --> 03:17:53,893
PERIODS LONGER THAN 24 HOURS, 

4000
03:17:53,893 --> 03:17:59,132
YOU'LL SEE THE THING WE'RE 

4001
03:17:59,132 --> 03:18:04,404
TRACKING WILL SHIFT LATER AND 

4002
03:18:04,404 --> 03:18:06,005
PERIODS SHORTER WILL SOMETIMES 

4003
03:18:06,005 --> 03:18:08,775
GET TWO EVENTS DURING THE DAY.

4004
03:18:08,775 --> 03:18:09,943
NEXT SLIDE YOU'LL SEE MY POINT 

4005
03:18:09,943 --> 03:18:14,414
BEING MOST OF US ARE IN THIS 

4006
03:18:14,414 --> 03:18:15,915
CATEGORY.

4007
03:18:15,915 --> 03:18:20,053
THIS IS A DISTRIBUTION AS YOU 

4008
03:18:20,053 --> 03:18:23,456
CAN SEE 24.0 IS THE THIRD TICK 

4009
03:18:23,456 --> 03:18:23,757
MARK THERE.

4010
03:18:23,757 --> 03:18:27,727
THE MAJORITY OF US ARE LONGER 

4011
03:18:27,727 --> 03:18:30,930
THAN 24 HOURS WITH A 24.2 

4012
03:18:30,930 --> 03:18:34,100
ESSENTIAL MEAN IN THE 

4013
03:18:34,100 --> 03:18:34,401
POPULATION.

4014
03:18:34,401 --> 03:18:36,569
WHICH THEN ON THE NEXT SLIDE 

4015
03:18:36,569 --> 03:18:39,372
SHOULD SUGGEST THAT WE SHOULD BE

4016
03:18:39,372 --> 03:18:40,974
WALKING AROUND THE CLOCK BUT 

4017
03:18:40,974 --> 03:18:42,942
THAT'S NOT WHAT HAPPENS BECAUSE 

4018
03:18:42,942 --> 03:18:46,646
ON THE NEXT SLIDE YOU'LL SEE 

4019
03:18:46,646 --> 03:18:50,350
FULL EN TRAINMENT BEING ABLE OR 

4020
03:18:50,350 --> 03:18:52,051
PHYSIOLOGICAL BUILT INTO LOCK IN

4021
03:18:52,051 --> 03:18:54,020
TO OUR ENVIRONMENT MOSTLY 

4022
03:18:54,020 --> 03:18:55,355
THROUGH THE LIGHT-DARK CYCLE IS 

4023
03:18:55,355 --> 03:19:05,832
AN IMPORTANT PIECE OF THAT.

4024
03:19:07,434 --> 03:19:11,504
IN THE NEXT SLIDE OF BOTH 

4025
03:19:11,504 --> 03:19:13,406
EXTREMES YOU'LL SEE A NIGHT OWL 

4026
03:19:13,406 --> 03:19:15,642
MORE MORNING LARK AND IT 

4027
03:19:15,642 --> 03:19:16,810
SUGGESTS NIGHT OWLS HAVE BEEN 

4028
03:19:16,810 --> 03:19:19,045
SHOWN FOR INCREASED RISK AT 

4029
03:19:19,045 --> 03:19:20,480
ADVERSE OUTCOMES.

4030
03:19:20,480 --> 03:19:25,785
TO PUSH THAT FORWARD IN THE NEXT

4031
03:19:25,785 --> 03:19:26,352
SLIDE ONE KEY QUESTION ARE 

4032
03:19:26,352 --> 03:19:31,224
CHRONOTYPES CONFER RESISTANCE 

4033
03:19:31,224 --> 03:19:35,962
ARE MORNING TYPES MORE LIKELY TO

4034
03:19:35,962 --> 03:19:37,831
EXPERIENCE DISEASE RESISTANCE AN

4035
03:19:37,831 --> 03:19:40,400
ARE LATE CHRONOTYPE INHERENT 

4036
03:19:40,400 --> 03:19:44,103
RISK OR ARE THEY A VICTIM OF 

4037
03:19:44,103 --> 03:19:45,071
MORNING BIAS?

4038
03:19:45,071 --> 03:19:48,241
WE HAVE ALL THESE EVENTS THAT 

4039
03:19:48,241 --> 03:19:49,375
HAPPEN IN THE MORNING SO THE 

4040
03:19:49,375 --> 03:19:50,510
PROBLEM IS THE EVENTS WE 

4041
03:19:50,510 --> 03:19:52,545
SCHEDULE OPPOSED TO THEIR 

4042
03:19:52,545 --> 03:20:00,720
UNDERLYING CHRONOTYPE.

4043
03:20:00,720 --> 03:20:02,455
IF WE CAN INCREASE THE SPEED OF 

4044
03:20:02,455 --> 03:20:09,295
EN TRAINMENT DOES THAT DRIVE 

4045
03:20:09,295 --> 03:20:09,596
RESILIENCE?

4046
03:20:09,596 --> 03:20:13,366
CAN THAT CONFER DISEASE 

4047
03:20:13,366 --> 03:20:13,666
RESISTANCE.

4048
03:20:13,666 --> 03:20:14,300
FINALLY, OUR THIRD COMPONENT IS 

4049
03:20:14,300 --> 03:20:24,477
AMPLITUDE.

4050
03:20:25,111 --> 03:20:27,647
AMPLITUDE IS INTERESTING.

4051
03:20:27,647 --> 03:20:28,948
HIEFRZ DATA TO SHOW IN THE LEFT 

4052
03:20:28,948 --> 03:20:31,184
HAND PANEL PEOPLE WHO ARE 

4053
03:20:31,184 --> 03:20:36,389
ACTIVELY IN A DEPRESSIVE EPISODE

4054
03:20:36,389 --> 03:20:39,225
IN YELLOW FROM REDUCED AMPLITUDE

4055
03:20:39,225 --> 03:20:42,395
AND THOSE WITH A HISTORY OF 

4056
03:20:42,395 --> 03:20:43,696
DEPRESSION WHO HAVE SINCE 

4057
03:20:43,696 --> 03:20:44,664
RECOVERED.

4058
03:20:44,664 --> 03:20:45,932
ON THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE YOU'LL 

4059
03:20:45,932 --> 03:20:49,969
SEE SAME THING ON THE Y AXIS IS 

4060
03:20:49,969 --> 03:20:51,771
MELATONIN AND IN THE RED YOU SEE

4061
03:20:51,771 --> 03:20:56,209
HEALTHY CONTROLS IN THE BLACK 

4062
03:20:56,209 --> 03:20:58,177
WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND 

4063
03:20:58,177 --> 03:20:59,712
AMPLITUDE AND WHEN YOU TAKE THAT

4064
03:20:59,712 --> 03:21:01,614
GROUP AND FURTHER PARS IT BY 

4065
03:21:01,614 --> 03:21:03,716
THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT EXCESSIVE

4066
03:21:03,716 --> 03:21:09,989
DAYTIME SLEEPINESS YOU SEE THOSE

4067
03:21:09,989 --> 03:21:11,824
IN THE BLACK ARE PARKINSON'S 

4068
03:21:11,824 --> 03:21:16,262
WITH EXCESSIVE DAYTIME 

4069
03:21:16,262 --> 03:21:16,563
SLEEPINESS.

4070
03:21:16,563 --> 03:21:18,932
AMPLITUDE MAY BE IMPORTANT.

4071
03:21:18,932 --> 03:21:21,534
A COUPLE KEY QUESTIONS, CAN WE 

4072
03:21:21,534 --> 03:21:29,075
BOOST AM PPLITUDE TO CREATE MOR 

4073
03:21:29,075 --> 03:21:30,910
ROBUST HEALTH TO CONFER 

4074
03:21:30,910 --> 03:21:34,147
RESISTANCE AND/OR CAN WE BOOST 

4075
03:21:34,147 --> 03:21:36,115
AMPLITUDE IN ORDER TO CONFER 

4076
03:21:36,115 --> 03:21:46,392
BETTER RECOVERY?

4077
03:21:55,001 --> 03:21:57,904
COULD MISALIGNMENT A STRESSOR WE

4078
03:21:57,904 --> 03:21:59,472
WANT TO BE RESILIENT AGAINST AND

4079
03:21:59,472 --> 03:22:03,610
SLEEP CONSTRUCT IS THE IDEA THE 

4080
03:22:03,610 --> 03:22:05,511
SLEEP SYSTEM CAN HAVE VARYING 

4081
03:22:05,511 --> 03:22:06,613
DEGREES OF VULNERABILITY LIKE 

4082
03:22:06,613 --> 03:22:07,847
OTHER SYSTEM ORGANS.

4083
03:22:07,847 --> 03:22:10,416
ON THE NEXT SLIDE WE'LL PREVENT 

4084
03:22:10,416 --> 03:22:14,087
LIKE SLEEP IS ITSELF AN ORGAN 

4085
03:22:14,087 --> 03:22:20,360
THAT CAN SHOW VULNERABILITIES.

4086
03:22:20,360 --> 03:22:22,095
WE HAVE THE IDEA OF THE SLEEP 

4087
03:22:22,095 --> 03:22:23,496
SYSTEM IS VULNERABLE TO 

4088
03:22:23,496 --> 03:22:24,397
DISRUPTIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.

4089
03:22:24,397 --> 03:22:26,933
MAYBE IT'S STRESS BUT COULD BE 

4090
03:22:26,933 --> 03:22:27,133
NOISE.

4091
03:22:27,133 --> 03:22:30,336
AND IT COULD EVEN BE POSITIVE 

4092
03:22:30,336 --> 03:22:32,472
STRESSORS LIKE A VERY COOL STRIP

4093
03:22:32,472 --> 03:22:37,577
TO A FUN DESTINATION.

4094
03:22:37,577 --> 03:22:42,815
A VACATION.

4095
03:22:42,815 --> 03:22:44,150
IT'S HOW VULNERABLE OUR SLEEP 

4096
03:22:44,150 --> 03:22:46,185
SYSTEM IS AND WE SEE WHAT 

4097
03:22:46,185 --> 03:22:51,224
HAPPENS IN PEOPLE WITH LOW SLEEP

4098
03:22:51,224 --> 03:22:51,858
REACTI

4099
03:22:51,858 --> 03:22:52,158
REACTIVITY.

4100
03:22:52,158 --> 03:22:53,359
THIS IS EVIDENCE SPEAKING TO THE

4101
03:22:53,359 --> 03:22:59,632
FIRST LINE OF FACTORS WHEN YOU 

4102
03:22:59,632 --> 03:23:02,001
GO TO A HOTEL ROOM OR NEW 

4103
03:23:02,001 --> 03:23:03,069
ENVIRONMENT IT'S NORMAL FOR 

4104
03:23:03,069 --> 03:23:05,772
SLEEP DISRUPTION AND WE SEE 38 

4105
03:23:05,772 --> 03:23:09,876
PLUS MINUTES OF LATENCY TO 

4106
03:23:09,876 --> 03:23:13,446
PERSISTENCE SLEEP AND LOW 

4107
03:23:13,446 --> 03:23:16,215
EFFICIENCY ON THE RIGHT AND ON 

4108
03:23:16,215 --> 03:23:22,388
THE NEXT SLIDE THOSE WITH SLOW 

4109
03:23:22,388 --> 03:23:25,525
SLEEP REACTIVITY ARE RESISTANT.

4110
03:23:25,525 --> 03:23:27,393
THEY SLEEP MORE EFFICIENTLY.

4111
03:23:27,393 --> 03:23:29,362
THIS SLIDE SHOWS CAFFEINE.

4112
03:23:29,362 --> 03:23:31,464
WE ALSO THINK CAFFEINE HAVING AN

4113
03:23:31,464 --> 03:23:34,400
IMPACT IS A NORMAL EXPERIENCE 

4114
03:23:34,400 --> 03:23:37,437
AND YOU SEE THIS IN THE HIGH 

4115
03:23:37,437 --> 03:23:39,338
SLEEP REACTIVITY GROUP AND IN 

4116
03:23:39,338 --> 03:23:41,741
BLACK YOU SEE A BIG RESPONSE IN 

4117
03:23:41,741 --> 03:23:45,344
TERMS OF LATENCY TO PERSISTENT 

4118
03:23:45,344 --> 03:23:47,313
SLEEP AND THE LOW SLEEP ACTIVITY

4119
03:23:47,313 --> 03:23:49,515
GROUP DOESN'T SHOW THAT.

4120
03:23:49,515 --> 03:23:52,552
THEY'RE RESISTANT TO EVEN CA CAN

4121
03:23:52,552 --> 03:23:58,925
FEEN WHICH IS INTERESTING.

4122
03:23:58,925 --> 03:24:00,226
AND SPEAK TO A STRESS RESPONSE 

4123
03:24:00,226 --> 03:24:02,628
TO COVID.

4124
03:24:02,628 --> 03:24:05,465
YOU SEE HIGH SLEEP ACTIVITY.

4125
03:24:05,465 --> 03:24:15,808
THIS IS MEASURED P

4126
03:24:17,210 --> 03:24:19,545
AND THESE HAVE HIGHER ACTIVITY 

4127
03:24:19,545 --> 03:24:21,681
AND THESE WERE AT LOWER RISK NOR

4128
03:24:21,681 --> 03:24:22,782
HAVING CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT 

4129
03:24:22,782 --> 03:24:33,059
STRESS RESPONSE.

4130
03:24:33,059 --> 03:24:36,896
WE SEE RESISTANCE TO CIRCADIAN 

4131
03:24:36,896 --> 03:24:37,230
MISALIGNMENT.

4132
03:24:37,230 --> 03:24:42,802
THIS TOOK HEALTHY SLEEPERS AND 

4133
03:24:42,802 --> 03:24:46,472
MOVED THEIR SLEEP EARLIER BY 

4134
03:24:46,472 --> 03:24:48,241
THREE AND SIX HOURS.

4135
03:24:48,241 --> 03:24:52,545
IN THE ROUND GROUP IN THE BOTTOM

4136
03:24:52,545 --> 03:24:55,114
YOU SEE A REACTION THAT IS 

4137
03:24:55,114 --> 03:24:55,348
NORMAL.

4138
03:24:55,348 --> 03:24:57,383
WE EXPECT TO SEE MISALIGNMENT 

4139
03:24:57,383 --> 03:25:02,522
CAUSING MORE SLEEP PROBLEMS BUT 

4140
03:25:02,522 --> 03:25:05,358
THOSE IN THE DARK SQUARES DON'T 

4141
03:25:05,358 --> 03:25:05,892
DIFFER.

4142
03:25:05,892 --> 03:25:11,397
ON THE NEXT SLIDE THERE'S 

4143
03:25:11,397 --> 03:25:15,468
EVIDENCE WE'VE SHOWN BEING 

4144
03:25:15,468 --> 03:25:16,869
INDICATING THIS IS LINKED TO 

4145
03:25:16,869 --> 03:25:19,305
YOUR PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS 

4146
03:25:19,305 --> 03:25:20,006
RESPONSE.

4147
03:25:20,006 --> 03:25:22,542
THOSE WITH LOWER REACTIVITY ARE 

4148
03:25:22,542 --> 03:25:29,348
ABLE TO MOUNT A MORE SIGNIFICANT

4149
03:25:29,348 --> 03:25:31,517
STRESS RESPONSE LEADING TO 

4150
03:25:31,517 --> 03:25:32,652
IMPROVEMENT IN FUNCTIONING.

4151
03:25:32,652 --> 03:25:36,222
THOSE WITH LESS OF A BLUNTED 

4152
03:25:36,222 --> 03:25:37,790
CORTISOL EFFECT SHOW HIGHER 

4153
03:25:37,790 --> 03:25:39,759
AVOIDANCE AND COGNITION AND 

4154
03:25:39,759 --> 03:25:40,626
GREATER FEELINGS OF CONSTRAINT 

4155
03:25:40,626 --> 03:25:45,464
AND ON THE NEXT SLIDE THERE'S 

4156
03:25:45,464 --> 03:25:48,601
DATA TO LINK THIS TO HEART RATE 

4157
03:25:48,601 --> 03:25:50,169
VARIABILITY WITH THOSE WITH 

4158
03:25:50,169 --> 03:25:52,138
LOWER HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS 

4159
03:25:52,138 --> 03:25:54,774
BEING CONNECTED TO HAVING WORSE 

4160
03:25:54,774 --> 03:25:55,374
SLEEP IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS 

4161
03:25:55,374 --> 03:26:03,349
STRESSORS.

4162
03:26:03,349 --> 03:26:05,785
ANOTHER QUESTION IS CAN BOOSTING

4163
03:26:05,785 --> 03:26:14,393
AMPLITUDE CONFER RESISTANCE OR 

4164
03:26:14,393 --> 03:26:19,699
RECOVERY?

4165
03:26:19,699 --> 03:26:21,601
IN NORTHERN EUROPE IN A 

4166
03:26:21,601 --> 03:26:23,302
PSYCHIATRIC UNIT THEY LOOKED AT 

4167
03:26:23,302 --> 03:26:25,271
ROOMS NORTH VERSUS SOUTH FACING.

4168
03:26:25,271 --> 03:26:26,706
YOU SEE ROOMS SOUTH FACING AND 

4169
03:26:26,706 --> 03:26:30,142
YOU CAN SEE FROM THE TIME LAPSE 

4170
03:26:30,142 --> 03:26:31,944
THAT SOUTH FACING ROOMS HAD 

4171
03:26:31,944 --> 03:26:33,079
BRIGHTER LIGHT DURING THE DAY.

4172
03:26:33,079 --> 03:26:37,783
THEY HAVE A GREATER DAY-NIGHT 

4173
03:26:37,783 --> 03:26:38,251
QUADRANTS.

4174
03:26:38,251 --> 03:26:39,685
THEY FIND PATIENTS IN THE 

4175
03:26:39,685 --> 03:26:40,953
BRIGHTER ROOM HAD AN AVERAGE 

4176
03:26:40,953 --> 03:26:43,055
LENGTH OF STAY THAT WAS ROUGHLY 

4177
03:26:43,055 --> 03:26:44,991
HALF AS LONG AS THOSE IN THE 

4178
03:26:44,991 --> 03:26:50,162
NORTH FACING ROOM.

4179
03:26:50,162 --> 03:26:52,999
IT SPEAKS TO OFFICIALLY FASTER 

4180
03:26:52,999 --> 03:26:53,432
RECOVERY.

4181
03:26:53,432 --> 03:26:55,668
YOU SEE A SIMILAR STUDY OR STUDY

4182
03:26:55,668 --> 03:26:57,870
WITH A SIMILAR IDEA EXCEPT IN 

4183
03:26:57,870 --> 03:26:59,705
THE CARDIOVASCULAR INTENSIVE 

4184
03:26:59,705 --> 03:27:06,412
CARE UNIT AND THEY COMPARED 

4185
03:27:06,412 --> 03:27:08,648
ROOMS WITH AND WITHOUT WINDOWS.

4186
03:27:08,648 --> 03:27:18,157
YOU SEE SIMILAR RESULTS THOSE 

4187
03:27:18,157 --> 03:27:23,763
WITH MORE LIGHT AND WINDOWS HAD 

4188
03:27:23,763 --> 03:27:30,269
SHORTER STAYS.

4189
03:27:30,269 --> 03:27:35,808
THE NEXT SLIDE YOU SEE THIS IS 

4190
03:27:35,808 --> 03:27:38,244
NEW DATA FROM THE PAPER SHOWING 

4191
03:27:38,244 --> 03:27:42,315
THAT AMPLITUDE MAY ALSO REDUCE 

4192
03:27:42,315 --> 03:27:43,916
SLEEP FRAGMENTATION.

4193
03:27:43,916 --> 03:27:45,384
THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT DURING TE 

4194
03:27:45,384 --> 03:27:47,753
DAY AND DURING THE TIME WHERE WE

4195
03:27:47,753 --> 03:27:50,389
TYPICALLY CONSIDER IT THE QUOTE 

4196
03:27:50,389 --> 03:27:52,625
UNQUOTE DEAD ZONE HELPS PROTECT 

4197
03:27:52,625 --> 03:27:56,295
PEOPLE FROM SLEEP FRAGMENTATION.

4198
03:27:56,295 --> 03:27:58,431
SO WE KNOW SLEEP IS IMPORTANT SO

4199
03:27:58,431 --> 03:28:02,401
THE NEXT SLIDE I'D LIKE TO SHOW 

4200
03:28:02,401 --> 03:28:06,973
YOU SOME DATA SPEAKING TO 

4201
03:28:06,973 --> 03:28:12,144
CIRCADIAN HEALTH THROUGH ROBUST 

4202
03:28:12,144 --> 03:28:17,049
SLEEP.

4203
03:28:17,049 --> 03:28:19,485
THIS IS ANIMAL DATA LOOKING AT 

4204
03:28:19,485 --> 03:28:21,787
THE INFARCT CATEGORY SORRY, 

4205
03:28:21,787 --> 03:28:24,290
EVERYONE -- ALL THE ANIMALS WERE

4206
03:28:24,290 --> 03:28:26,993
IN THE IN FARC CATEGORY BUT WERE

4207
03:28:26,993 --> 03:28:27,893
EITHER EXPOSED TO SLEEP 

4208
03:28:27,893 --> 03:28:30,863
DISRUPTION OR NOT AND YOU CAN 

4209
03:28:30,863 --> 03:28:32,732
SEE IN THE LIGHTER GRAY MARKERS 

4210
03:28:32,732 --> 03:28:34,600
GREATER RECOVERY IN THOSE 

4211
03:28:34,600 --> 03:28:40,639
WITHOUT SLEEP DISTURBANCE.

4212
03:28:40,639 --> 03:28:47,913
WE'LL MOF  -- MOVE QUICKLY TO 

4213
03:28:47,913 --> 03:28:48,247
LU

4214
03:28:48,247 --> 03:28:50,483
HUMANS AND WHEN WE ASK PEOPLE 

4215
03:28:50,483 --> 03:28:52,752
HOW RESILIENT THEY FEEL, THEY 

4216
03:28:52,752 --> 03:28:56,022
TEND TO REPORT THEY FEEL MORE 

4217
03:28:56,022 --> 03:28:57,723
RESILIENT WITH AFFECTS LASTING 

4218
03:28:57,723 --> 03:28:59,291
ONE YEAR.

4219
03:28:59,291 --> 03:29:02,561
ON THAT NEXT SLIDE WE DID AN 

4220
03:29:02,561 --> 03:29:05,731
ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE STUDY 

4221
03:29:05,731 --> 03:29:10,102
AND CONFIRMED IMPROVED 

4222
03:29:10,102 --> 03:29:12,271
RESILIENCE CAN MAKE PEOPLE MORE 

4223
03:29:12,271 --> 03:29:20,746
RESISTANT TO THE RISK FACTORS.

4224
03:29:20,746 --> 03:29:22,748
YOU CAN IMPROVE RESILIENCE WHICH

4225
03:29:22,748 --> 03:29:24,917
THEN REDUCES RISK FACTORS AND 

4226
03:29:24,917 --> 03:29:25,551
PROTECTS AGAINST RELAPSE ONE 

4227
03:29:25,551 --> 03:29:31,724
YEAR LATER.

4228
03:29:31,724 --> 03:29:34,226
AP WE SAY THE SAME RESULT EXCEPT

4229
03:29:34,226 --> 03:29:40,800
FOR IN DEPRESSION.

4230
03:29:40,800 --> 03:29:43,235
>> YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES.

4231
03:29:43,235 --> 03:29:44,503
>> THANK YOU.

4232
03:29:44,503 --> 03:29:45,671
SAME RESULT FOR DEPRESSION AND 

4233
03:29:45,671 --> 03:29:48,474
WE TOOK OUT THE SLEEP ITEMS.

4234
03:29:48,474 --> 03:29:58,717
THIS IS NOT A SLEEP FINDING.

4235
03:29:58,717 --> 03:30:02,721
WHEN WE LOOK THROUGH TIME WE CAN

4236
03:30:02,721 --> 03:30:05,257
SEE THOSE WHO GOT CBTI WE CAN 

4237
03:30:05,257 --> 03:30:06,092
REDUCE THEIR RISK OF DEPRESSION 

4238
03:30:06,092 --> 03:30:12,264
BY 50%.

4239
03:30:12,264 --> 03:30:15,067
EVEN MORE INTERESTINGLY AND LOOK

4240
03:30:15,067 --> 03:30:16,802
AT THE SECOND STRESSOR RESPONSE 

4241
03:30:16,802 --> 03:30:19,939
WHAT WE SEE IS THOSE WHO GOT 

4242
03:30:19,939 --> 03:30:22,374
CBTI ARE ACTUALLY PROTECTED 

4243
03:30:22,374 --> 03:30:23,742
AGAINST AND SHOW MORE 

4244
03:30:23,742 --> 03:30:24,343
RESISTANCE.

4245
03:30:24,343 --> 03:30:26,479
YOU'VE SEEN THE DATA EXCEPT FOR 

4246
03:30:26,479 --> 03:30:28,180
I'M SHOWING YOU THE ACTIVE 

4247
03:30:28,180 --> 03:30:29,148
CONTROL IS ACTIVE GROUP HERE AS 

4248
03:30:29,148 --> 03:30:31,450
WELL.

4249
03:30:31,450 --> 03:30:33,152
AND IN THE HIGH CATEGORY YOU SEE

4250
03:30:33,152 --> 03:30:34,587
THEY DON'T SHOW THE SAME 

4251
03:30:34,587 --> 03:30:38,390
INCREASE THAT THE OTHER GROUP 

4252
03:30:38,390 --> 03:30:39,758
DOES SO THEY'RE SHOWING 

4253
03:30:39,758 --> 03:30:42,294
RESISTANCE AND THE NEXT SLIDE 

4254
03:30:42,294 --> 03:30:45,664
YOU SEE REDUCED ODDS OF 

4255
03:30:45,664 --> 03:30:47,967
RESURGENT INSOMNIA.

4256
03:30:47,967 --> 03:30:49,835
PEOPLE WHO PREVIOUSLY RECOVERED 

4257
03:30:49,835 --> 03:30:52,338
AND COVID HIT AND WE LOOKED 

4258
03:30:52,338 --> 03:30:54,406
WHETHER OR NOT THEY HAD 

4259
03:30:54,406 --> 03:30:57,776
RESURGENT INSOMNIA AND THOSE WHO

4260
03:30:57,776 --> 03:31:00,312
RECEIVED TREATMENT WERE TWICE AS

4261
03:31:00,312 --> 03:31:02,414
RESISTANT COMPARED TO THE SHAM 

4262
03:31:02,414 --> 03:31:07,186
TREATMENT CONDITION.

4263
03:31:07,186 --> 03:31:09,255
YOU SEE THE SAME RESULT EXCEPT 

4264
03:31:09,255 --> 03:31:14,059
FOR DEPRESSION.

4265
03:31:14,059 --> 03:31:16,395
WE'RE ABLE TO SHOW CCGI SHOWED 

4266
03:31:16,395 --> 03:31:17,696
THE RISK OF DEPRESSION DURING 

4267
03:31:17,696 --> 03:31:20,199
COVID WHICH WAS THERE'S TO FOUR 

4268
03:31:20,199 --> 03:31:20,799
YEARS AFTER TREATMENT.

4269
03:31:20,799 --> 03:31:21,901
WE WERE ABLE TO REDUCE THIS BY 

4270
03:31:21,901 --> 03:31:29,475
30%.

4271
03:31:29,475 --> 03:31:32,711
LET'S MOVE THROUGH FUTURE 

4272
03:31:32,711 --> 03:31:33,179
DIRECTION.

4273
03:31:33,179 --> 03:31:35,614
IT'S IMPORTANT TO BE CLEAR WITH 

4274
03:31:35,614 --> 03:31:40,152
WHAT OUR CONCEPTUALIZATION IS OF

4275
03:31:40,152 --> 03:31:40,986
RESILIENCE.

4276
03:31:40,986 --> 03:31:41,720
WHAT IS CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND 

4277
03:31:41,720 --> 03:31:46,091
MORE IMPORTANTLY BEING ABLE TO 

4278
03:31:46,091 --> 03:31:50,396
MACHINE CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND 

4279
03:31:50,396 --> 03:31:57,102
RESILIENCE IN THIS SPACE 

4280
03:31:57,102 --> 03:31:58,404
THINKING ABOUT FEASIBLE 

4281
03:31:58,404 --> 03:32:02,908
ASSESSMENT WITH WEARABLE 

4282
03:32:02,908 --> 03:32:05,177
TECHNOLOGY AND THINK ABOUT 

4283
03:32:05,177 --> 03:32:09,281
RESILIENCE IN A SOCIO ECOLOGICAL

4284
03:32:09,281 --> 03:32:09,848
CONTEXT BECAUSE THESE ARE 

4285
03:32:09,848 --> 03:32:15,254
COMPLEX IDEAS.

4286
03:32:15,254 --> 03:32:16,989
MY LAST SLIDE IS AN 

4287
03:32:16,989 --> 03:32:18,390
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SLIDE AND I'LL 

4288
03:32:18,390 --> 03:32:28,634
END IT THERE.

4289
03:32:33,072 --> 03:32:34,039
>> THANK YOU.

4290
03:32:34,039 --> 03:32:35,474
I SEE FANTASTIC IN THE CHAT AND 

4291
03:32:35,474 --> 03:32:37,309
GET TO THOSE AFTER THE NEXT 

4292
03:32:37,309 --> 03:32:37,743
SPEAKER.

4293
03:32:37,743 --> 03:32:39,345
I'D LIKE TO INTRODUCE 

4294
03:32:39,345 --> 03:32:45,684
DR. JONATHAN LIPTON FROM HARVARD

4295
03:32:45,684 --> 03:32:47,686
UNIVERSITY TALKING ABOUT 

4296
03:32:47,686 --> 03:32:48,287
MECHANISMS OF RESILIENCE IN 

4297
03:32:48,287 --> 03:32:58,631
CELLS AND SYNOPSIS.

4298
03:33:10,476 --> 03:33:12,678
-- SYNAPSIS.

4299
03:33:12,678 --> 03:33:14,580
>> I'M A BIT OF A BLACK
SLEEP OR

4300
03:33:14,580 --> 03:33:16,548
DARK HORSE IN THE GROUP BECAUSE 

4301
03:33:16,548 --> 03:33:21,687
I'M NOT A CARDIOLOGIST I'M A 

4302
03:33:21,687 --> 03:33:26,191
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGIST AT HARVARD

4303
03:33:26,191 --> 03:33:28,227
MEDICAL SCHOOL AND STUDY THE 

4304
03:33:28,227 --> 03:33:32,464
INTERFACE BETWEEN NEUROLOGICAL 

4305
03:33:32,464 --> 03:33:33,065
DISEASES AND CIRCADIAN TIME 

4306
03:33:33,065 --> 03:33:38,170
KEEPING MECHANISM AND MY 

4307
03:33:38,170 --> 03:33:41,040
LABORATORY USES BIO CHEMISTRY 

4308
03:33:41,040 --> 03:33:42,741
AND CELL BIOLOGY AND MOUSE 

4309
03:33:42,741 --> 03:33:44,743
MODELS SO FOR THOSE NOT 

4310
03:33:44,743 --> 03:33:50,049
INTERESTED IN THE BRAIN YOU MAY 

4311
03:33:50,049 --> 03:33:53,118
WANT A COFFEE.

4312
03:33:53,118 --> 03:33:55,954
I HOPE THIS WILL HAVE RELEVANCE 

4313
03:33:55,954 --> 03:33:58,390
TO HOW CIRCADIAN CLOCKS AFFECT 

4314
03:33:58,390 --> 03:34:03,062
DISEASE.

4315
03:34:03,062 --> 03:34:05,230
I HAVE NO DISCLOSURES.

4316
03:34:05,230 --> 03:34:08,033
WE LIVE ON A ROTATING PLANET AND

4317
03:34:08,033 --> 03:34:10,336
IT RENDERS A LIGHT/DARK CYCLE 

4318
03:34:10,336 --> 03:34:13,605
THAT PROVIDE THE SOURCE OF OUR 

4319
03:34:13,605 --> 03:34:17,042
BASIS AND ENERGY AND 

4320
03:34:17,042 --> 03:34:18,410
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LIVING 

4321
03:34:18,410 --> 03:34:19,745
ORGANISMS THAT GET THEIR ENERGY 

4322
03:34:19,745 --> 03:34:22,548
FROM PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAVE EVOLVED

4323
03:34:22,548 --> 03:34:25,351
SYSTEMS THAT ALLOW THEM TO 

4324
03:34:25,351 --> 03:34:30,456
SYNCHRONIZE AND ANTICIPATE THIS 

4325
03:34:30,456 --> 03:34:33,625
ENERGY SOURCE AND THAT 

4326
03:34:33,625 --> 03:34:38,197
ORGANIZING US TO SLEEP AND WAKE 

4327
03:34:38,197 --> 03:34:39,865
AND ENERGETIC STATES AND OTHER 

4328
03:34:39,865 --> 03:34:42,468
PROCESSES.

4329
03:34:42,468 --> 03:34:44,169
INDEED THE CIRCADIAN TIME 

4330
03:34:44,169 --> 03:34:50,576
KEEPING SYSTEM IS REALLY THE 

4331
03:34:50,576 --> 03:34:52,578
MULTISCALE TALKED ABOUT BEFORE 

4332
03:34:52,578 --> 03:34:54,413
AND THE MULTI-SCALE PROCESS 

4333
03:34:54,413 --> 03:34:55,981
THROUGH WHICH TIME KEEPING IS 

4334
03:34:55,981 --> 03:35:00,753
ORGANIZED IN THE BRAIN AND BODY.

4335
03:35:00,753 --> 03:35:02,354
IN MAMMALS THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM 

4336
03:35:02,354 --> 03:35:09,294
IS ORGANIZE IN WHICH LIGHTEN  --

4337
03:35:09,294 --> 03:35:11,363
LIGHT ENTERS TO THE RETINA AND 

4338
03:35:11,363 --> 03:35:15,200
THE NUCLEUS WHICH ACTS AS A 

4339
03:35:15,200 --> 03:35:19,738
CONNOR -- CONDUCTOR OR MASTER 

4340
03:35:19,738 --> 03:35:21,306
CLOCK FOR ALL CELLS IN THE BODY 

4341
03:35:21,306 --> 03:35:23,842
INCLUDING THE BRAIN.

4342
03:35:23,842 --> 03:35:25,911
REMARKABLY THERE'S QUITE LITTLE 

4343
03:35:25,911 --> 03:35:28,547
KNOWN ABOUT HOW CLOCKS ARE 

4344
03:35:28,547 --> 03:35:31,083
ORGANIZED OR WORK IN THE BRAIN.

4345
03:35:31,083 --> 03:35:31,950
UNFORTUNATELY, MOST THE 

4346
03:35:31,950 --> 03:35:32,951
LITERATURE IN THE BRAIN IS 

4347
03:35:32,951 --> 03:35:35,154
REFERRED TO LIKE EVERY OTHER 

4348
03:35:35,154 --> 03:35:37,256
ORGAN AS THE PERIPHERY IF IT'S 

4349
03:35:37,256 --> 03:35:47,533
OUTSIDE THE SCN.

4350
03:35:57,876 --> 03:36:01,513
THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IS KNOWN IN

4351
03:36:01,513 --> 03:36:10,055
THE SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES AND 

4352
03:36:10,055 --> 03:36:11,290
THERE'S BEHAVIORS INCLUDING 

4353
03:36:11,290 --> 03:36:15,494
ATTENTION, LEARNING AND MEMORY, 

4354
03:36:15,494 --> 03:36:19,565
MOOD AND OTHER ASSOCIATIVE AND 

4355
03:36:19,565 --> 03:36:20,866
ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS.

4356
03:36:20,866 --> 03:36:22,868
TO THE CIRCADIAN REGULATION 

4357
03:36:22,868 --> 03:36:26,572
SEEMS TO BE EVOLUTIONARY 

4358
03:36:26,572 --> 03:36:29,541
CONSERVED BUT IDENTIFIED IN 

4359
03:36:29,541 --> 03:36:30,409
ANIMALS HIGHLY EVOLUTIONARY 

4360
03:36:30,409 --> 03:36:35,113
DIVERSE GOING BACK TO FLIES AND 

4361
03:36:35,113 --> 03:36:45,624
EVEN INVERTEBRATE SEA SLUGS.

4362
03:36:45,624 --> 03:36:47,626
I LIKE THIS SLIDE FROM A MOVIE 

4363
03:36:47,626 --> 03:36:49,528
FROM A FAMOUS SWEDISH DIRECTOR 

4364
03:36:49,528 --> 03:36:52,898
AND THE MOVIE OPENS WITH A 

4365
03:36:52,898 --> 03:36:58,604
GENTLEMAN FALLING ASLEEP AND 

4366
03:36:58,604 --> 03:37:01,139
SEES THE CLOCK WITH NO HANDS AND

4367
03:37:01,139 --> 03:37:02,407
SETS HIM ON AN EXISTENTIAL 

4368
03:37:02,407 --> 03:37:11,216
CRISIS.

4369
03:37:11,216 --> 03:37:13,085
THAT'S BECAUSE WE NEED CLOCKS AS

4370
03:37:13,085 --> 03:37:16,788
PREDICTION TOOLS TO ORIENT 

4371
03:37:16,788 --> 03:37:18,390
OURSELVES TO THE EARTH AND TO 

4372
03:37:18,390 --> 03:37:24,863
OTHER INDIVIDUALS.

4373
03:37:24,863 --> 03:37:27,699
THERE IS NO SENSATION -- WE 

4374
03:37:27,699 --> 03:37:28,834
SENSE TIME BUT THERE'S NO ACTUAL

4375
03:37:28,834 --> 03:37:31,103
MOLECULE THAT ALLOWS US TO SENSE

4376
03:37:31,103 --> 03:37:37,776
TIME UNLIKE ODOR OR MECHANO 

4377
03:37:37,776 --> 03:37:38,076
TRANDUCTION.

4378
03:37:38,076 --> 03:37:40,078
THERE'S NO PHOTONS OF TIME.

4379
03:37:40,078 --> 03:37:40,679
THERE'S SOMETHING WE MEASURE 

4380
03:37:40,679 --> 03:37:43,348
TIME AGAINST.

4381
03:37:43,348 --> 03:37:44,249
THE CLOCK IN OURSELVES HELPS US 

4382
03:37:44,249 --> 03:37:51,890
DO THAT.

4383
03:37:51,890 --> 03:37:53,058
WE KNOW IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE 

4384
03:37:53,058 --> 03:37:54,660
THERE'S A STRONG ASSOCIATION IN 

4385
03:37:54,660 --> 03:37:59,698
MY BUSINESS AND I'M FOCUSSING ON

4386
03:37:59,698 --> 03:38:00,866
NEURODEVELOPMENT DISORDERS BUT 

4387
03:38:00,866 --> 03:38:03,869
MOST NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 

4388
03:38:03,869 --> 03:38:06,271
HAVE ASSOCIATIONS WITH CIRCADIAN

4389
03:38:06,271 --> 03:38:08,373
DYSFUNCTION.

4390
03:38:08,373 --> 03:38:12,678
HERE'S A FEW FORMS OF AUTISM 

4391
03:38:12,678 --> 03:38:15,480
ASSOCIATED STRONGLY WITH SLEEP 

4392
03:38:15,480 --> 03:38:16,214
DISRUPTION AND CIRCADIAN 

4393
03:38:16,214 --> 03:38:17,149
DISRUPTION SOME OF WHICH I'VE 

4394
03:38:17,149 --> 03:38:25,157
STUDIED IN MY GROUP.

4395
03:38:25,157 --> 03:38:28,560
WHEN YOU DISRUPT CIRCADIAN RI

4396
03:38:28,560 --> 03:38:33,832
RHYTHMS WE HAVE AND METABOLIC 

4397
03:38:33,832 --> 03:38:35,534
DISRUPTION AND TRUANCY AND LOWER

4398
03:38:35,534 --> 03:38:36,668
QUALITY OF LIFE.

4399
03:38:36,668 --> 03:38:38,103
THE MAIN QUESTION FOR OUR GROUP 

4400
03:38:38,103 --> 03:38:43,108
AND FOR THE FIELD IS DOES THE 

4401
03:38:43,108 --> 03:38:44,509
DISRUPTION OF CIRCADIAN CLOCKS 

4402
03:38:44,509 --> 03:38:46,945
CONTRIBUTE DIRECTLY TO DISEASE 

4403
03:38:46,945 --> 03:38:48,480
PROCESSES OR IS IT THE PRODUCT 

4404
03:38:48,480 --> 03:38:49,848
OF' BAD BRAIN OR UNDERLYING 

4405
03:38:49,848 --> 03:38:52,217
SYSTEM OR BOTH?

4406
03:38:52,217 --> 03:38:54,886
WHAT'S THE INTERFACE?

4407
03:38:54,886 --> 03:39:00,425
IN MM  -- MANY HAVE ALLUDED TO 

4408
03:39:00,425 --> 03:39:00,726
THAT.

4409
03:39:00,726 --> 03:39:03,128
WE NEED TO GET TO THE UNDERLYING

4410
03:39:03,128 --> 03:39:06,698
MACHINE THAT ALLOWS IT TO TICK.

4411
03:39:06,698 --> 03:39:10,569
AND THAT IS REALLY THIS 

4412
03:39:10,569 --> 03:39:11,670
BEAUTIFUL UNDERLYING CLOCK 

4413
03:39:11,670 --> 03:39:14,373
MECHANISM WHICH WAS AWARDED THE 

4414
03:39:14,373 --> 03:39:15,641
NOBEL PRIZE IN 2017.

4415
03:39:15,641 --> 03:39:17,242
WITHOUT GETTING INTO TOO MANY 

4416
03:39:17,242 --> 03:39:21,046
DETAILS AND THIS IS A PARED 

4417
03:39:21,046 --> 03:39:22,381
VERSION YOU HAVE THE 

4418
03:39:22,381 --> 03:39:24,182
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT DRIVE

4419
03:39:24,182 --> 03:39:25,651
EXPRESSION OF A SERIES OF GENES 

4420
03:39:25,651 --> 03:39:29,321
INCLUDING THE INHIBITERS AND 

4421
03:39:29,321 --> 03:39:31,790
THEY GOOD OUT IN THE CYTOPLASM 

4422
03:39:31,790 --> 03:39:34,292
AND COME BACK IN THE NUCLEUS AND

4423
03:39:34,292 --> 03:39:35,293
SHUT DOWN THE MACHINE THAT 

4424
03:39:35,293 --> 03:39:36,828
TURNED THEM ON.

4425
03:39:36,828 --> 03:39:40,732
YOU HAVE AN UPSWING AND DOWN 

4426
03:39:40,732 --> 03:39:46,138
SWING OF AN OSCILLATOR.

4427
03:39:46,138 --> 03:39:55,213
IN PREVIOUS WORK I DEMONSTRATED 

4428
03:39:55,213 --> 03:39:58,583
THE PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR 

4429
03:39:58,583 --> 03:40:03,989
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM UNDER GOES A 

4430
03:40:03,989 --> 03:40:06,291
PHOSPHORYLATION EVENT AT AN A 

4431
03:40:06,291 --> 03:40:14,399
SPECIFIC SEARING PHOSPHORYLATED 

4432
03:40:14,399 --> 03:40:19,671
BY PRO -- PROTEINS IMPORTANT 

4433
03:40:19,671 --> 03:40:21,907
LATER MIN TALK.

4434
03:40:21,907 --> 03:40:24,509
AND AT THE HEART OF THE 

4435
03:40:24,509 --> 03:40:26,078
SYMPOSIUM AND WORK IN MY LAB IS 

4436
03:40:26,078 --> 03:40:27,612
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT ABOUT 

4437
03:40:27,612 --> 03:40:29,381
THIS CORE OSCILLATING MACHINE 

4438
03:40:29,381 --> 03:40:30,482
ALLOWS IT TO PROVIDE RESILIENCE 

4439
03:40:30,482 --> 03:40:37,889
TO CELLS AND SYSTEMS.

4440
03:40:37,889 --> 03:40:42,127
HOW DOES A CELL AND BRAIN AND 

4441
03:40:42,127 --> 03:40:45,097
BODY CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO 

4442
03:40:45,097 --> 03:40:46,665
DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE AND 

4443
03:40:46,665 --> 03:40:49,668
PH FROM CHANGES IN OXYGEN OR 

4444
03:40:49,668 --> 03:40:55,073
OXIDATION REDUCTION IN THE AGING

4445
03:40:55,073 --> 03:41:03,749
PROCESS HOW DOES IT GET 

4446
03:41:03,749 --> 03:41:05,050
MAINTAINED AND WHAT ARE THE 

4447
03:41:05,050 --> 03:41:10,722
MECHANISMS THAT GET RUDISRUPTED 

4448
03:41:10,722 --> 03:41:17,095
AND RESULT IN DISEASE.

4449
03:41:17,095 --> 03:41:17,996
WE TRIED TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT 

4450
03:41:17,996 --> 03:41:21,233
WORKS IN THE BRAIN.

4451
03:41:21,233 --> 03:41:24,669
WE HAD TO CONSIDER WHAT IS NOT 

4452
03:41:24,669 --> 03:41:26,671
WELL UNDERSTOOD IN THE BRAIN 

4453
03:41:26,671 --> 03:41:30,642
WHICH IS THAT THE BRAIN IS MADE 

4454
03:41:30,642 --> 03:41:31,510
OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPES 

4455
03:41:31,510 --> 03:41:33,912
INCLUDING HUNDREDS OF TYPES OF 

4456
03:41:33,912 --> 03:41:37,449
NEURONS AND NEURONS ARE THESE 

4457
03:41:37,449 --> 03:41:41,486
BEAUTIFUL HIGHLY RAMIFIED CELLS 

4458
03:41:41,486 --> 03:41:43,688
WHERE MOST THE CYTOPLASM IS 

4459
03:41:43,688 --> 03:41:45,657
SPREAD OUT IN THE PROCESSES 

4460
03:41:45,657 --> 03:41:46,424
THROUGH WHICH NEURONS 

4461
03:41:46,424 --> 03:41:49,828
COMMUNICATE TO OTHER CELLS.

4462
03:41:49,828 --> 03:41:52,597
THE QUESTION FOR US WAS HOW IS 

4463
03:41:52,597 --> 03:41:53,398
CIRCADIAN INFLAMMATION THOUGHT 

4464
03:41:53,398 --> 03:41:55,667
TO BE ENCODED IN THE 

4465
03:41:55,667 --> 03:41:59,771
TRANSCRIPTIONAL SYSTEM IN THE 

4466
03:41:59,771 --> 03:42:03,108
NUCLEUS, HOW IS DOES THAT END UP

4467
03:42:03,108 --> 03:42:06,211
IN SYNAPSES WHICH ARE CONTAINED 

4468
03:42:06,211 --> 03:42:09,748
IN THE PROCESSES AND JUST TO 

4469
03:42:09,748 --> 03:42:11,716
REMIND THOSE WHO HAVEN'T THOUGHT

4470
03:42:11,716 --> 03:42:14,386
BIT THE WAY THE BRAIN COMPUTES 

4471
03:42:14,386 --> 03:42:16,555
INFORMATION IS THROUGH SYNAPTIC 

4472
03:42:16,555 --> 03:42:24,095
MACHINES AND SYNAPSES ARE THE 

4473
03:42:24,095 --> 03:42:25,497
FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNICATION UNIT 

4474
03:42:25,497 --> 03:42:26,965
OF THE BRAIN AND HOW IS 

4475
03:42:26,965 --> 03:42:28,800
CIRCADIAN INTEGRATED WITH 

4476
03:42:28,800 --> 03:42:30,402
SYNAPTIC INFORMATION?

4477
03:42:30,402 --> 03:42:33,638
THIS WAS TAKEN BEEN BY A 

4478
03:42:33,638 --> 03:42:37,909
TALENTED FORMER POSTDOC IN MY 

4479
03:42:37,909 --> 03:42:39,477
LAB AND MOST THE WORK I'LL SHOW 

4480
03:42:39,477 --> 03:42:41,112
YOU IS SPEARHEADED BY HER.

4481
03:42:41,112 --> 03:42:46,952
THE QUESTION WE WANTED TO ASK IS

4482
03:42:46,952 --> 03:42:50,255
HOW DOES THIS CLOCK SYSTEM WHICH

4483
03:42:50,255 --> 03:42:52,557
I RECENTLY PREVIOUSLY FOUND HAD 

4484
03:42:52,557 --> 03:42:54,826
A ROLE IN THE CYTOPLASM WHERE 

4485
03:42:54,826 --> 03:42:58,263
IT'S PHOSPHORYLATED WHAT IS IT 

4486
03:42:58,263 --> 03:43:03,902
DOING IN THE CYTOPLASM OF A 

4487
03:43:03,902 --> 03:43:10,942
NEURON?

4488
03:43:10,942 --> 03:43:15,714
THE PROTEIN THIS AND THIS UNDER 

4489
03:43:15,714 --> 03:43:20,018
GOES THE SAME PHOSPHORYLATION 

4490
03:43:20,018 --> 03:43:22,120
EVENT AND TIMING IN THE SYNAPSE 

4491
03:43:22,120 --> 03:43:24,089
AND HOW IT AFFECTED CORE 

4492
03:43:24,089 --> 03:43:27,659
COMPONENTS TO ALLOW THE BRAIN TO

4493
03:43:27,659 --> 03:43:32,664
RESPOND IN PLASTICITY AND 

4494
03:43:32,664 --> 03:43:36,067
RESILIENCE AND I'M SUMMARIZING 

4495
03:43:36,067 --> 03:43:42,474
MANY YEARS OF WORK BUT WE FOUND 

4496
03:43:42,474 --> 03:43:53,118
USING THE HIPPOCAMPAL NEURON AND

4497
03:43:54,185 --> 03:43:59,858
ISOLATED SYNAPSES AND THEN 

4498
03:43:59,858 --> 03:44:01,960
STAINED THE SAMPLES WITH GOLD 

4499
03:44:01,960 --> 03:44:06,865
AND ABLE TO IDENTIFY PARTICLES 

4500
03:44:06,865 --> 03:44:13,071
IN PRE AND POST SYNAPTIC TER

4501
03:44:13,071 --> 03:44:13,305
TERMINI.

4502
03:44:13,305 --> 03:44:15,307
WHEN WE DID THIS IN SAMPLES 

4503
03:44:15,307 --> 03:44:18,376
TAKEN IN CIRCADIAN TIME WE FOUND

4504
03:44:18,376 --> 03:44:21,579
THE DIURNAL VARIANT IN THE 

4505
03:44:21,579 --> 03:44:27,385
PARTICLES IN SYNAPTIC TERMINI.

4506
03:44:27,385 --> 03:44:29,120
SUGGESTING THE RHYTHM WE THEN 

4507
03:44:29,120 --> 03:44:30,388
SHOWED THIS IN VARIOUS OTHER 

4508
03:44:30,388 --> 03:44:37,896
WAYS.

4509
03:44:37,896 --> 03:44:41,566
THIS IS A SUPER RESOLUTION 

4510
03:44:41,566 --> 03:44:42,834
MICROSCOPY WITH NEURONS PLATED 

4511
03:44:42,834 --> 03:44:45,170
IN A DISH AND YOU SEE THE TOP 

4512
03:44:45,170 --> 03:44:46,638
STRIPS ARE THE PROCESSES.

4513
03:44:46,638 --> 03:44:52,744
THEN WE'RE LOOKING NOW AT A NANO

4514
03:44:52,744 --> 03:44:58,783
SCALE AT THE BMAL COLOCALIZING 

4515
03:44:58,783 --> 03:45:02,220
WITH THE MARKER ON THE LEFT OR 

4516
03:45:02,220 --> 03:45:04,122
ACTIVE ZONE MARKER OF THE 

4517
03:45:04,122 --> 03:45:08,193
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF THE 

4518
03:45:08,193 --> 03:45:12,330
PRESYNAPTIC TERMINIS.

4519
03:45:12,330 --> 03:45:14,399
YOU SEE IT SUGGESTS THE 

4520
03:45:14,399 --> 03:45:24,576
SYNAPSES.

4521
03:45:34,452 --> 03:45:36,821
BMAL ARE FORM IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL

4522
03:45:36,821 --> 03:45:38,056
SUGGESTIONS AND WE LOSE THE 

4523
03:45:38,056 --> 03:45:39,190
OVERLAP SUGGESTING A TRUE 

4524
03:45:39,190 --> 03:45:48,299
OVERLAP OF SIGNAL.

4525
03:45:48,299 --> 03:45:49,634
WE HAVE BIO CHEMICAL FRACTIONS 

4526
03:45:49,634 --> 03:45:54,572
OF MEMBRANES THAT ALLOW US TO 

4527
03:45:54,572 --> 03:46:00,578
ENRICH SYNAPSES AND WE FIND IT 

4528
03:46:00,578 --> 03:46:01,780
CORROBORATED WHAT WE FOUND BY 

4529
03:46:01,780 --> 03:46:04,682
THE GOLD LABELLING OF THE 

4530
03:46:04,682 --> 03:46:08,787
ELECTRON MICROGRAPH SHOWS THE 

4531
03:46:08,787 --> 03:46:12,223
DIURNAL RHYTHM AND THE 

4532
03:46:12,223 --> 03:46:15,160
PHOSPHORYLATED FORM SUGGESTS THE

4533
03:46:15,160 --> 03:46:16,795
PHOSPHORYLATED FORM I FOUND PAY 

4534
03:46:16,795 --> 03:46:17,629
BE IMPORTANT IN REGULATING THE 

4535
03:46:17,629 --> 03:46:27,772
SYNAPSE.

4536
03:46:37,282 --> 03:46:38,883
SORRY ABOUT THAT, AND I'LL TELL 

4537
03:46:38,883 --> 03:46:40,919
EVERYONE WHAT THIS SHOWS.

4538
03:46:40,919 --> 03:46:46,658
MY APOLOGIES.

4539
03:46:46,658 --> 03:46:48,760
BUT WE ABLATE THE 

4540
03:46:48,760 --> 03:46:49,994
PHOSPHORYLATION SITE.

4541
03:46:49,994 --> 03:46:55,433
INSTEAD OF SS42, THE SEARING WAS

4542
03:46:55,433 --> 03:46:58,002
CONVERTED AND CAN'T GET 

4543
03:46:58,002 --> 03:46:58,369
PHOSPHORYLATED.

4544
03:46:58,369 --> 03:47:01,139
THE MOUSE IS IDENTICAL TO 

4545
03:47:01,139 --> 03:47:04,676
REGULAR MICE EXCEPT THE ONE 

4546
03:47:04,676 --> 03:47:12,650
POINT DEFICIENT AND THE BMAL 

4547
03:47:12,650 --> 03:47:14,219
KNOCKOUT MICE LOSES CIRCADIAN 

4548
03:47:14,219 --> 03:47:18,223
BEHAVIOR AND THESE MICE HAVE 

4549
03:47:18,223 --> 03:47:19,591
NORMAL CIRCADIAN BEHAVIOR THAT'S

4550
03:47:19,591 --> 03:47:21,459
DEPENDENT ON THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL

4551
03:47:21,459 --> 03:47:21,726
RHYTHM.

4552
03:47:21,726 --> 03:47:24,829
SO THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH 

4553
03:47:24,829 --> 03:47:27,866
PREVIOUS WORK WE HAD SHOWED THIS

4554
03:47:27,866 --> 03:47:28,533
PHOSPHORYLATION WHILE IMPORTANT 

4555
03:47:28,533 --> 03:47:32,837
IN RHYTHMIC TRANSLATION AND SITO

4556
03:47:32,837 --> 03:47:34,572
PLASMIC IS NOT CRUCIAL TO THE 

4557
03:47:34,572 --> 03:47:42,347
CORE TRANSCRIPTIONAL OSCILLATOR.

4558
03:47:42,347 --> 03:47:44,282
REMARKABLY TO US, THIS IS ONE OF

4559
03:47:44,282 --> 03:47:46,518
THE MORE EXCITING FINDINGS IS 

4560
03:47:46,518 --> 03:47:49,921
WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE RHYTHM OF 

4561
03:47:49,921 --> 03:47:52,323
BMAL IN THE SYNAPSE IN THE WILD 

4562
03:47:52,323 --> 03:47:53,458
TYPE VERSUS MUTANT MOUSE IN THE 

4563
03:47:53,458 --> 03:47:56,561
WILD TYPE WE SEE THE DIURNAL 

4564
03:47:56,561 --> 03:47:57,195
DIFFERENT BETWEEN MORNING AND 

4565
03:47:57,195 --> 03:48:00,698
EVE THING THAT WAS GONE IN THE 

4566
03:48:00,698 --> 03:48:00,999
MUTANT.

4567
03:48:00,999 --> 03:48:06,404
THAT SUGGESTED THOUGH THE GLOBAL

4568
03:48:06,404 --> 03:48:07,272
OSCILLATOR, MECHANISMS 

4569
03:48:07,272 --> 03:48:08,573
REGULATING GLOBAL BEHAVIOR ARE 

4570
03:48:08,573 --> 03:48:11,276
IN FACT IN THE HOUSE BUT THE 

4571
03:48:11,276 --> 03:48:12,477
LOCAL MECHANISMS IN SYNAPSE ARE 

4572
03:48:12,477 --> 03:48:16,681
LOST.

4573
03:48:16,681 --> 03:48:19,317
WE CORROBORATED THE SAME FINDING

4574
03:48:19,317 --> 03:48:24,722
BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

4575
03:48:24,722 --> 03:48:35,266
NOT ONLY BY SYNAPTOSOMES BUT THE

4576
03:48:36,167 --> 03:48:38,303
PHOSPHO MUTANT ANIMAL HAD IT 

4577
03:48:38,303 --> 03:48:38,503
LOST.

4578
03:48:38,503 --> 03:48:40,672
HOUSE THIS WORK?

4579
03:48:40,672 --> 03:48:41,673
-- HOW'S THIS WORK?

4580
03:48:41,673 --> 03:48:42,807
GOOD QUESTION.

4581
03:48:42,807 --> 03:48:45,543
ONE THING WE DID WAS DID BIO 

4582
03:48:45,543 --> 03:48:49,614
CHEMISTRY AND TOOK BMAL FROM THE

4583
03:48:49,614 --> 03:48:51,516
SYNAPSES AND IMMUNOPRECIPITATED 

4584
03:48:51,516 --> 03:49:02,260
IT AND WERE ABLE FROM MA MASS SC

4585
03:49:12,837 --> 03:49:13,972
AND THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR HEART 

4586
03:49:13,972 --> 03:49:14,572
FUNCTION THOUGH I WON'T TALK 

4587
03:49:14,572 --> 03:49:16,774
ABOUT THAT.

4588
03:49:16,774 --> 03:49:19,244
AND WE WERE EXCITED BY THIS 

4589
03:49:19,244 --> 03:49:22,313
BECAUSE THERE'S WORK SUGGESTING 

4590
03:49:22,313 --> 03:49:24,716
IMPORTANCE OF IT IN SLEEP 

4591
03:49:24,716 --> 03:49:25,783
REGULATION AND PLASTICITY AND 

4592
03:49:25,783 --> 03:49:26,184
CIRCADIAN TIME.

4593
03:49:26,184 --> 03:49:30,388
THIS WAS INTERESTING TO US.

4594
03:49:30,388 --> 03:49:32,457
TO CORROBORATE THE MASS SPEC 

4595
03:49:32,457 --> 03:49:34,325
DATA WE DID EXPERIMENTS AND LET 

4596
03:49:34,325 --> 03:49:43,234
ME QUICKLY REVIEW HOW CAM K II A

4597
03:49:43,234 --> 03:49:49,540
WORKS BY FORMING THE TWO RINGS 

4598
03:49:49,540 --> 03:49:54,345
AND FORMS A HOLLOW DECAMER BY A 

4599
03:49:54,345 --> 03:50:04,856
LINKER DOMAIN AND HUB DOMAIN.

4600
03:50:09,193 --> 03:50:13,264
AND MAINTAINS A RHYTHM OF BIO 

4601
03:50:13,264 --> 03:50:14,165
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION.

4602
03:50:14,165 --> 03:50:16,100
IF YOU USE REPORTERS TO 

4603
03:50:16,100 --> 03:50:18,403
DEMONSTRATE THAT YOU CAN SEE AS 

4604
03:50:18,403 --> 03:50:28,946
YOU ADD CALCIUM OR GLUTAMATE THE

4605
03:50:29,981 --> 03:50:31,649
KINASE INCREASES THE CALCIUM IN 

4606
03:50:31,649 --> 03:50:34,052
THE CELL AND CONVERTS IT INTO A 

4607
03:50:34,052 --> 03:50:36,854
BIO CHEMICAL EVENT.

4608
03:50:36,854 --> 03:50:40,692
IF YOU ABLATE THE AUTO 

4609
03:50:40,692 --> 03:50:42,393
PHOSPHORYLATION EVENT THAT'S 

4610
03:50:42,393 --> 03:50:43,995
CALCIUM DEPENDENT AND GO FROM 

4611
03:50:43,995 --> 03:50:45,530
DARK GREEN TO LIGHT GREEN.

4612
03:50:45,530 --> 03:50:52,370
YOU LOSE THE ACTIVATION OF THE 

4613
03:50:52,370 --> 03:50:52,603
KINASE.

4614
03:50:52,603 --> 03:50:56,507
IF YOU MAKE ONE THAT CAN'T CAN 

4615
03:50:56,507 --> 03:51:01,612
EXCHANGE IT'S GIJIGIST -- JUST  

4616
03:51:01,612 --> 03:51:03,348
ALL THE TIME IS BLAKE AND NEEDS 

4617
03:51:03,348 --> 03:51:06,384
A DYNAMIC RANGE TO GO FROM OFF 

4618
03:51:06,384 --> 03:51:11,022
TO ON TO COMPUTE AND YOU'LL SEE 

4619
03:51:11,022 --> 03:51:12,857
WHY IT'S IMPORTANT IN A MOMENT.

4620
03:51:12,857 --> 03:51:14,392
>> YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES.

4621
03:51:14,392 --> 03:51:18,096
>> OKAY.

4622
03:51:18,096 --> 03:51:25,069
WHAT WE FOUND IS WE CORROBORATED

4623
03:51:25,069 --> 03:51:30,375
IT INTERACTS AND IT INTERACTS 

4624
03:51:30,375 --> 03:51:33,344
WITH CAMKIIA IN THE PROXIMITY 

4625
03:51:33,344 --> 03:51:35,480
LABELS AND THIS SHOWS THE BMAL 

4626
03:51:35,480 --> 03:51:39,584
AND CAMKIIA CO-LOCALIZE AND WHAT

4627
03:51:39,584 --> 03:51:42,387
WE FOUND TO OUR IS BMAL WE 

4628
03:51:42,387 --> 03:51:48,826
THOUGHT WOULD BE A SUBSTRATE BUT

4629
03:51:48,826 --> 03:51:51,929
IT TURNS IT ON AND THIS IS 

4630
03:51:51,929 --> 03:51:52,630
SHOWING CELLS THE CAMKIIA IS 

4631
03:51:52,630 --> 03:52:02,740
HIGH.

4632
03:52:05,343 --> 03:52:12,316
WE SHOWED IN CELLS WHERE WE USE 

4633
03:52:12,316 --> 03:52:16,587
THE WILD TYPE ANIMALS OR 42A 

4634
03:52:16,587 --> 03:52:20,691
PHOSPHO MUTANT THE KINASE IS 

4635
03:52:20,691 --> 03:52:22,693
OPEN WHEN IT'S NOT 

4636
03:52:22,693 --> 03:52:23,060
PHOSPHORYLATED.

4637
03:52:23,060 --> 03:52:24,662
THESE ARE FIBROBLASTS.

4638
03:52:24,662 --> 03:52:28,633
THAT'S REMARKABLY SIMILAR TO 

4639
03:52:28,633 --> 03:52:30,401
WHAT WE DID WITH PLASTICITY ON 

4640
03:52:30,401 --> 03:52:32,937
THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND YOU 

4641
03:52:32,937 --> 03:52:34,505
STIMULATE WITH A TONIC STIMULUS 

4642
03:52:34,505 --> 03:52:38,042
AND WERE ABLE TO SHOW A 

4643
03:52:38,042 --> 03:52:40,278
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM TO THE 

4644
03:52:40,278 --> 03:52:44,982
PLASTICITY SO HIGHER DURING THE 

4645
03:52:44,982 --> 03:52:46,384
SLEEP PERIOD AND LOWER DURING 

4646
03:52:46,384 --> 03:52:49,153
THE ACTIVE PERIOD AND IN OUR 

4647
03:52:49,153 --> 03:52:51,255
MICE WITH NORMAL GLOBAL RHYTHM 

4648
03:52:51,255 --> 03:52:52,723
THEY LOSE THE RHYTHM OF SYNAPTIC

4649
03:52:52,723 --> 03:52:59,630
PLASTICITY.

4650
03:52:59,630 --> 03:53:01,265
WE THINK IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE 

4651
03:53:01,265 --> 03:53:03,067
THE MICE THOUGH THEY HAVE NORMAL

4652
03:53:03,067 --> 03:53:06,037
CIRCADIAN BEHAVIOR HAD IMPAIRED 

4653
03:53:06,037 --> 03:53:06,404
MEMORY.

4654
03:53:06,404 --> 03:53:10,041
THEIR FEAR MEMORY KNOWN TO BE 

4655
03:53:10,041 --> 03:53:12,643
CAMKIIA AND HIPPOCAMPUS 

4656
03:53:12,643 --> 03:53:16,013
DEPENDENT WAS MARKEDLY IMPAIRED.

4657
03:53:16,013 --> 03:53:26,224
NEXT SLIDE.

4658
03:53:38,436 --> 03:53:40,505
I HOPE I TOLD YOU LIFE WITHOUT 

4659
03:53:40,505 --> 03:53:42,573
KEEPING IS LIFE WITHOUT CONTEXT.

4660
03:53:42,573 --> 03:53:46,143
THE GOAL FOR US IS TO PUT THE 

4661
03:53:46,143 --> 03:53:46,477
CONTEXT BACK.

4662
03:53:46,477 --> 03:53:50,381
WHAT CAN WE DO TO PUT THE ARROWS

4663
03:53:50,381 --> 03:53:52,717
BACK IN THE CLOCK?

4664
03:53:52,717 --> 03:53:54,385
NEXT SLIDE.

4665
03:53:54,385 --> 03:53:56,954
SO BMAL ORGANIZING SYNAPTIC 

4666
03:53:56,954 --> 03:53:59,524
FUNCTION IN A CAMKIIA DEPENDENT 

4667
03:53:59,524 --> 03:54:00,925
MANNER.

4668
03:54:00,925 --> 03:54:02,693
RHYTHMS OF PHOSPHORYLATION COULD

4669
03:54:02,693 --> 03:54:07,031
GO TO TIMING OF PLASTICITY.

4670
03:54:07,031 --> 03:54:09,500
I THINK INFORMATION NOT JUST 

4671
03:54:09,500 --> 03:54:11,903
THESE CORE MECHANISMS IN THE 

4672
03:54:11,903 --> 03:54:20,444
NUCLEUS BUT THE CYTOPLASMIC CAN 

4673
03:54:20,444 --> 03:54:22,013
GO TO MORE THAN JUST THE GENES 

4674
03:54:22,013 --> 03:54:23,981
THAT GET TURNED ON AND OFF AND I

4675
03:54:23,981 --> 03:54:25,983
WANT TO THANK THE PEOPLE IN MY 

4676
03:54:25,983 --> 03:54:28,085
LAB AND FUNDING SOURCES AND MANY

4677
03:54:28,085 --> 03:54:28,419
COLLABORATORS.

4678
03:54:28,419 --> 03:54:33,357
MOST OF WHAT I TOLD YOU WAS DONE

4679
03:54:33,357 --> 03:54:33,858
BY MY POSTDOC.

4680
03:54:33,858 --> 03:54:40,898
THANK YOU.

4681
03:54:40,898 --> 03:54:42,633
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, 

4682
03:54:42,633 --> 03:54:42,934
DR. LIPTON.

4683
03:54:42,934 --> 03:54:45,169
THAT WAS WONDERFUL.

4684
03:54:45,169 --> 03:54:48,306
NOW WE HAVE ABOUT 24 MINUTES FOR

4685
03:54:48,306 --> 03:54:49,707
A Q&A SESSION.

4686
03:54:49,707 --> 03:54:54,445
IF WE CAN HAVE DR. CHENG AND 

4687
03:54:54,445 --> 03:54:56,714
DR. BROUSSARD JOIN US AND I'LL 

4688
03:54:56,714 --> 03:54:58,382
BRIEFLY SUMMARIZE WHAT WE HEARD.

4689
03:54:58,382 --> 03:55:00,017
I'D LIKE TO THANK OUR SPEAKERS 

4690
03:55:00,017 --> 03:55:01,385
FOR FANTASTIC TALKS.

4691
03:55:01,385 --> 03:55:03,955
WE HEARD FROM DR. BROUSSARD 

4692
03:55:03,955 --> 03:55:07,892
ABOUT HER IN PATIENT LAB STUDIES

4693
03:55:07,892 --> 03:55:10,494
SHOWING INSUFFICIENT SLEEP IS 

4694
03:55:10,494 --> 03:55:12,330
RELATED TO INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE,

4695
03:55:12,330 --> 03:55:13,497
BLOOD PRESSURE, VASCULAR 

4696
03:55:13,497 --> 03:55:17,201
FUNCTION AND MARKERS OF BRAIN 

4697
03:55:17,201 --> 03:55:21,272
INJURY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION AND

4698
03:55:21,272 --> 03:55:22,974
PRESENTED DATA ON CIRCADIAN 

4699
03:55:22,974 --> 03:55:25,710
MISALIGNMENT AND A NEWER AREA 

4700
03:55:25,710 --> 03:55:27,244
COUNTER MEASURES INCLUDING TIME 

4701
03:55:27,244 --> 03:55:28,779
RESTRICTED EATING IN HEALTHY 

4702
03:55:28,779 --> 03:55:30,681
YOUNG ADULTS AND HOW TIME 

4703
03:55:30,681 --> 03:55:32,950
RESTRICTED EATING WAS ASSOCIATED

4704
03:55:32,950 --> 03:55:34,952
WITH PRODUCTIONS IN INTERSTITIAL

4705
03:55:34,952 --> 03:55:36,520
GLUCOSE AND ASSOCIATED WITH 

4706
03:55:36,520 --> 03:55:36,988
LIPID OMICS WHICH IS 

4707
03:55:36,988 --> 03:55:40,491
INTERESTING.

4708
03:55:40,491 --> 03:55:42,059
AND GAVE US PREVIEW OF WHAT 

4709
03:55:42,059 --> 03:55:45,463
SHE'S GOING TO BE WORKING ON AND

4710
03:55:45,463 --> 03:55:47,431
HOW TO OPTIMIZE CIRCADIAN TIMING

4711
03:55:47,431 --> 03:55:49,033
OF EATING.

4712
03:55:49,033 --> 03:55:51,869
AND DR. CHENG GAVE A FANTASTIC 

4713
03:55:51,869 --> 03:55:55,172
TALK AND HELPED US 

4714
03:55:55,172 --> 03:55:56,874
OPERATIONALIZE RESISTANCE AND 

4715
03:55:56,874 --> 03:55:57,875
CIRCADIAN HEALTH AND PHASE, 

4716
03:55:57,875 --> 03:55:59,844
PERIOD AND AMPLITUDE.

4717
03:55:59,844 --> 03:56:01,946
I LIKED WHAT DR. CHENG SAID THAT

4718
03:56:01,946 --> 03:56:04,749
RESILIENCE IS THE ABILITY TO 

4719
03:56:04,749 --> 03:56:08,052
BEND NOT BREAK.

4720
03:56:08,052 --> 03:56:09,920
WE TALKED ABOUT KEY QUESTIONS.

4721
03:56:09,920 --> 03:56:13,924
CAN WE IMPROVE ENTRAINMENT AND 

4722
03:56:13,924 --> 03:56:15,359
HE ALSO SHOWED INTERESTING DATA 

4723
03:56:15,359 --> 03:56:17,495
THAT PATIENTS IN BRIGHTER ROOMS 

4724
03:56:17,495 --> 03:56:21,298
IN HOSPITALS HAD SHORTER LENGTHS

4725
03:56:21,298 --> 03:56:22,133
OF STAYS.

4726
03:56:22,133 --> 03:56:24,168
AND THOSE WHO LACKED CBTI 

4727
03:56:24,168 --> 03:56:27,972
REDUCED DEPRESSION BY 50% AND 

4728
03:56:27,972 --> 03:56:30,107
THIS FACILITATED ADAPTATION AND 

4729
03:56:30,107 --> 03:56:34,145
REDUCED RESURGENT INSOMNIA AND 

4730
03:56:34,145 --> 03:56:34,645
DR. LIPTON TALKED ABOUT 

4731
03:56:34,645 --> 03:56:36,380
CIRCADIAN CLOCKS AND IMPACT OF 

4732
03:56:36,380 --> 03:56:38,516
DISEASE FROM THE NEUROLOGICAL 

4733
03:56:38,516 --> 03:56:38,949
PERSPECTIVE.

4734
03:56:38,949 --> 03:56:40,751
HE EXPLAINED HOW CIRCADIAN 

4735
03:56:40,751 --> 03:56:42,787
CLOCKS ARE PREDICTION TOOLS AND 

4736
03:56:42,787 --> 03:56:46,657
HELP TO ORIENT US TO THE EARTH 

4737
03:56:46,657 --> 03:56:49,060
AND MOST NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 

4738
03:56:49,060 --> 03:56:50,761
ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SOME 

4739
03:56:50,761 --> 03:56:55,733
CIRCADIAN DYSFUNCTION.

4740
03:56:55,733 --> 03:56:59,270
AND B MAL1 AND HOW IT INTERACTED

4741
03:56:59,270 --> 03:57:02,840
WITH CAMKIIA ENZYME AND 

4742
03:57:02,840 --> 03:57:04,108
IMPLICATIONS FOR CIRCADIAN 

4743
03:57:04,108 --> 03:57:04,341
RHYTHMS.

4744
03:57:04,341 --> 03:57:07,678
THANK YOU AGAIN TO OUR SPEAKERS.

4745
03:57:07,678 --> 03:57:10,381
I'LL TURN TO THE QUESTIONS WE 

4746
03:57:10,381 --> 03:57:13,217
HAVE NOW.

4747
03:57:13,217 --> 03:57:19,523
WE HAVE A FEW IN THE Q&A AND

4748
03:57:19,523 --> 03:57:26,430
CHAT AND A BROAD CHEQUESTION IN 

4749
03:57:26,430 --> 03:57:27,431
APPLYING QUESTION TO HEALTH CARE

4750
03:57:27,431 --> 03:57:28,466
PROVIDERS OR FACILITIES WHERE 

4751
03:57:28,466 --> 03:57:30,568
PATIENT SLEEP IS CONSTANTLY 

4752
03:57:30,568 --> 03:57:31,702
DISRUPTED AND GETTING BLOOD WORK

4753
03:57:31,702 --> 03:57:33,270
DONE AND CHECK-INS.

4754
03:57:33,270 --> 03:57:36,240
IS THERE A WAY IN THE HEALTH 

4755
03:57:36,240 --> 03:57:38,109
CARE SETTING YOU WOULD SUGGEST 

4756
03:57:38,109 --> 03:57:40,044
TO IMPROVE SCHEDULES TO ALLOW 

4757
03:57:40,044 --> 03:57:40,845
PATIENTS TO HAVE BETTER SLEEP 

4758
03:57:40,845 --> 03:57:51,122
CYCLES OVER ALL?

4759
03:57:51,689 --> 03:57:54,725
>> THERE'S A FEW STUDIES
ONGOING

4760
03:57:54,725 --> 03:58:00,865
THAT ARE TESTING THIS.

4761
03:58:00,865 --> 03:58:09,240
SOME FROM DR. KENAUR AND ANOTHER

4762
03:58:09,240 --> 03:58:11,108
GROUP HAS ALSO BEEN LOOKING AT 

4763
03:58:11,108 --> 03:58:16,781
THIS BUT IT'S A HUGE AREA OF 

4764
03:58:16,781 --> 03:58:22,753
NEED BECAUSE AS I UNDERSTAND IT 

4765
03:58:22,753 --> 03:58:27,591
MISTAKE -- MOST SERVICES AT THE 

4766
03:58:27,591 --> 03:58:30,394
HOSPITAL ARE NOT BASED ON 

4767
03:58:30,394 --> 03:58:34,398
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM BUT WHEN STAFF 

4768
03:58:34,398 --> 03:58:42,239
CAN GET THEIR LABS DONE.

4769
03:58:42,239 --> 03:58:43,941
THERE'S HUGE POTENTIAL TO DO 

4770
03:58:43,941 --> 03:58:44,208
BETTER.

4771
03:58:44,208 --> 03:58:46,377
>> I DON'T THINK MANY OF
US ARE 

4772
03:58:46,377 --> 03:58:47,745
STUDYING THAT DIRECTLY IN THE 

4773
03:58:47,745 --> 03:58:50,381
SETTING BUT I AGREE THERE'S MANY

4774
03:58:50,381 --> 03:58:52,183
SIGNIFICANT IMPLICATIONS OF THE 

4775
03:58:52,183 --> 03:58:54,385
WORK TO BE APPLIED TO HEALTH 

4776
03:58:54,385 --> 03:58:55,753
CARE SETTING.

4777
03:58:55,753 --> 03:58:58,289
AND EVEN INCLUDING TIMING OF 

4778
03:58:58,289 --> 03:58:59,623
MEDICATION THERAPY WHICH WE 

4779
03:58:59,623 --> 03:59:01,859
DIDN'T REALLY TALK ABOUT YET BUT

4780
03:59:01,859 --> 03:59:04,762
PROBABLY WILL ON DAY TWO.

4781
03:59:04,762 --> 03:59:11,235
THANK YOU FOR THAT.

4782
03:59:11,235 --> 03:59:13,571
THIS IS FOR DR. BROUSSARD SINCE 

4783
03:59:13,571 --> 03:59:14,538
YOU TALKED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 

4784
03:59:14,538 --> 03:59:16,373
TIME RESTRICTED EATING AND 

4785
03:59:16,373 --> 03:59:16,774
CIRCADIAN EATING.

4786
03:59:16,774 --> 03:59:18,542
THERE WAS A QUESTION ABOUT REAL 

4787
03:59:18,542 --> 03:59:21,946
WORLD APPLICATION OF TIME 

4788
03:59:21,946 --> 03:59:23,347
RESTRICTED EATING.

4789
03:59:23,347 --> 03:59:24,949
START EARLY AND UNTIL THEY'RE 

4790
03:59:24,949 --> 03:59:26,884
DELAYED TO A MORE APPROPRIATE 

4791
03:59:26,884 --> 03:59:29,753
HOUR, SHOULD WE BE ENCOURAGING 

4792
03:59:29,753 --> 03:59:33,290
STUDENTS TO DELAY OR SKIP 

4793
03:59:33,290 --> 03:59:34,291
BREAKFAST RATHER THAN EATING 

4794
03:59:34,291 --> 03:59:35,860
EARLY MORNING WHEN GLUCOSE 

4795
03:59:35,860 --> 03:59:38,395
TOLERANCE IS IMPAIRED AND MAKE 

4796
03:59:38,395 --> 03:59:40,865
THEM MORE INTOLERANT TO THE 

4797
03:59:40,865 --> 03:59:44,235
DIFFERENCES IN THE EARLY MORNING

4798
03:59:44,235 --> 03:59:44,535
AWAKENINGS.

4799
03:59:44,535 --> 03:59:45,803
DR. BROUSSARD IS MUTED.

4800
03:59:45,803 --> 03:59:46,570
THANK YOU FOR PUTTING THAT IN 

4801
03:59:46,570 --> 03:59:50,374
THE CHAT.

4802
03:59:50,374 --> 03:59:54,044
COULD THE A/V TEAM UNMUTE 

4803
03:59:54,044 --> 03:59:54,378
DR. BROUSSARD.

4804
03:59:54,378 --> 03:59:56,647
>> THAT WAS MY FAULT
BECAUSE I 

4805
03:59:56,647 --> 04:00:02,152
MUTED AND THEN LOST CONTROL.

4806
04:00:02,152 --> 04:00:03,020
THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

4807
04:00:03,020 --> 04:00:05,322
AS I POINTED OUT IN MY 

4808
04:00:05,322 --> 04:00:07,691
DEFINITION OF CIRCADIAN 

4809
04:00:07,691 --> 04:00:10,027
MISALIGNMENT EATING DURING THE 

4810
04:00:10,027 --> 04:00:11,462
BIOLOGICAL NIGHT, IF THAT 

4811
04:00:11,462 --> 04:00:13,330
REPRESENTS THE BIOLOGICAL NIGHT 

4812
04:00:13,330 --> 04:00:15,366
IN KIDS AS YOU MENTIONED WOULD 

4813
04:00:15,366 --> 04:00:16,567
BE A TYPE OF CIRCADIAN 

4814
04:00:16,567 --> 04:00:18,969
MISALIGNMENT.

4815
04:00:18,969 --> 04:00:20,271
THE COOL PART ABOUT THAT 

4816
04:00:20,271 --> 04:00:22,039
QUESTION IS I THINK THERE'S A 

4817
04:00:22,039 --> 04:00:23,908
LOT OF MORE RESEARCH THAT CAN BE

4818
04:00:23,908 --> 04:00:27,311
DONE INTO WHAT IT MEANS TO BE 

4819
04:00:27,311 --> 04:00:29,480
AWAKE AND FASTING PRIOR TO THE 

4820
04:00:29,480 --> 04:00:31,782
FIRST MEAL BEFORE LIKE SLEEPING 

4821
04:00:31,782 --> 04:00:33,183
UNTIL YOU'RE HABITUAL TIME AND 

4822
04:00:33,183 --> 04:00:35,419
THEN EATING.

4823
04:00:35,419 --> 04:00:38,155
LIKE PERSONALLY, SO I TOTALLY 

4824
04:00:38,155 --> 04:00:39,857
ANECDOTALLY I AVOID EATING 

4825
04:00:39,857 --> 04:00:41,258
DURING MY BIOLOGICAL NIGHT.

4826
04:00:41,258 --> 04:00:43,694
IF I HAVE TO WAKE UP MORNING I 

4827
04:00:43,694 --> 04:00:46,297
DO THAT BUT THAT'S NOT BASED ON 

4828
04:00:46,297 --> 04:00:47,231
ANY EVIDENCE.

4829
04:00:47,231 --> 04:00:52,836
A LOT OF OUR IN-PATIENT STUDIOS 

4830
04:00:52,836 --> 04:00:55,472
WE DO THE FIRST MEAL OF THE DAY 

4831
04:00:55,472 --> 04:00:57,908
PLUS ONE HOUR AFTER WAKING BUT 

4832
04:00:57,908 --> 04:00:58,943
IN OTHER STUDIES THAT I'VE 

4833
04:00:58,943 --> 04:01:01,612
WORKED ON IN THE PAST WE DID IT 

4834
04:01:01,612 --> 04:01:02,613
BASED ON CLOCK TIMES.

4835
04:01:02,613 --> 04:01:05,082
THE ACTUAL TIME OF THE MEAL WAS 

4836
04:01:05,082 --> 04:01:06,817
MATCHED BUT PARTICIPANTS MAY 

4837
04:01:06,817 --> 04:01:08,852
HAVE WOKEN UP FOR OR FIVE HOURS 

4838
04:01:08,852 --> 04:01:09,086
EARLIER.

4839
04:01:09,086 --> 04:01:11,822
I THINK WE DON'T REALLY KNOW THE

4840
04:01:11,822 --> 04:01:12,489
IMPLICATIONS OF WHAT THAT AWAKE 

4841
04:01:12,489 --> 04:01:17,661
FASTING MEANS.

4842
04:01:17,661 --> 04:01:21,231
>> RIGHT.

4843
04:01:21,231 --> 04:01:23,100
>> I THINK THE KEY IF I 

4844
04:01:23,100 --> 04:01:24,501
UNDERSTAND IT, ONE OF THE 

4845
04:01:24,501 --> 04:01:25,402
BIGGEST CHALLENGES FOR THE 

4846
04:01:25,402 --> 04:01:32,343
APPLICATION OF THESE IDEAS TO 

4847
04:01:32,343 --> 04:01:39,717
THE CLINIC AND THESE 

4848
04:01:39,717 --> 04:01:41,018
IMPLICATIONS IS PHASE AND 

4849
04:01:41,018 --> 04:01:44,421
MEASURE THEM THAT'S POSSIBLE 

4850
04:01:44,421 --> 04:01:45,289
WITHOUT TAKING SOMETHING FROM 

4851
04:01:45,289 --> 04:01:47,691
SOMEONE EVERY FOUR HOURS.

4852
04:01:47,691 --> 04:01:49,093
THERE'S LOTS OF GROUPS WORKING 

4853
04:01:49,093 --> 04:01:50,561
ON THIS BUT THAT'S KEY.

4854
04:01:50,561 --> 04:01:52,863
YOU CAN'T ANSWER THE QUESTION IF

4855
04:01:52,863 --> 04:01:54,598
YOU DON'T KNOW THE INDIVIDUAL'S 

4856
04:01:54,598 --> 04:01:56,266
PHASE AND THE VAST MAJORITY OF 

4857
04:01:56,266 --> 04:01:58,102
PEOPLE ARE WITHIN A NARROW 

4858
04:01:58,102 --> 04:02:00,671
WINDOW BUT THERE WILL BE 

4859
04:02:00,671 --> 04:02:02,206
OUTLIERS FOR WHICH EARLY 

4860
04:02:02,206 --> 04:02:03,140
INTERVENTIONS COULD POTENTIALLY 

4861
04:02:03,140 --> 04:02:06,910
BE HARMFUL IF WE DON'T KNOW HOW 

4862
04:02:06,910 --> 04:02:09,179
IT'S AFFECTING AND ARE THEY 

4863
04:02:09,179 --> 04:02:11,615
MISALIGNED OR NOT OR MISALIGNED 

4864
04:02:11,615 --> 04:02:12,716
IN A SIGNIFICANT WAY OR NOT.

4865
04:02:12,716 --> 04:02:15,152
>> GREAT POINT.

4866
04:02:15,152 --> 04:02:18,255
IT REQUIRES SOME DEGREE OF 

4867
04:02:18,255 --> 04:02:19,123
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE TO 

4868
04:02:19,123 --> 04:02:20,524
DETERMINE IF SOMEONE IS 

4869
04:02:20,524 --> 04:02:22,226
MISALIGNED OR NOT.

4870
04:02:22,226 --> 04:02:24,361
THANK YOU FOR THAT.

4871
04:02:24,361 --> 04:02:24,928
DR. LIPTON THERE'S ANOTHER 

4872
04:02:24,928 --> 04:02:25,529
QUESTION IN THE CHAT FOR YOU.

4873
04:02:25,529 --> 04:02:26,697
BASED ON YOUR RESEARCH, HOW CAN 

4874
04:02:26,697 --> 04:02:29,900
WORK MEMORY BE IMPROVED IN 

4875
04:02:29,900 --> 04:02:35,305
CHILDREN WITH ADHD AND CIRCADIAN

4876
04:02:35,305 --> 04:02:35,639
MISALIGNMENT?

4877
04:02:35,639 --> 04:02:36,173
>> GREAT QUESTION.

4878
04:02:36,173 --> 04:02:45,582
I DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER TO THAT.

4879
04:02:45,582 --> 04:02:50,387
I THINK VERY BRIEFLY THERE'S 

4880
04:02:50,387 --> 04:02:52,289
PROBABLY VERY STRONG 

4881
04:02:52,289 --> 04:02:56,560
INTERSECTION BETWEEN NEU

4882
04:02:56,560 --> 04:03:00,664
NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEM AND THE 

4883
04:03:00,664 --> 04:03:01,065
CIRCADIAN CLOCK.

4884
04:03:01,065 --> 04:03:04,802
WE'VE EXTENDED SOME OF THE WORK 

4885
04:03:04,802 --> 04:03:07,638
I SHOWED TO LOOK AT 

4886
04:03:07,638 --> 04:03:08,939
NEUROMODULATOR SYSTEMS BUT IT'S 

4887
04:03:08,939 --> 04:03:11,141
NOT READY FOR PRESENTATION YET.

4888
04:03:11,141 --> 04:03:14,178
I THINK VERY BROADLY SPEAKING, 

4889
04:03:14,178 --> 04:03:17,014
WORKING MEMORY WOULD BE EXPECTED

4890
04:03:17,014 --> 04:03:19,016
TO BE IMPROVED BY BETTER 

4891
04:03:19,016 --> 04:03:22,386
ALIGNMENT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS 

4892
04:03:22,386 --> 04:03:24,288
BECAUSE WORKING MEMORY BOTH 

4893
04:03:24,288 --> 04:03:28,792
CERTAINLY IN ANIMAL MODELS FOR 

4894
04:03:28,792 --> 04:03:31,061
SURE IS GATED BY THE CLOCK.

4895
04:03:31,061 --> 04:03:34,064
I THINK ANYTHING THAT'S GOING TO

4896
04:03:34,064 --> 04:03:36,066
HELP ALIGN THE CLOCK LIKE SOME 

4897
04:03:36,066 --> 04:03:40,804
THINGS MY COLLEAGUES HAVE 

4898
04:03:40,804 --> 04:03:42,206
PRESENTED WOULD BE EXPECTED TO 

4899
04:03:42,206 --> 04:03:43,574
AFFECT WORK MEMORY.

4900
04:03:43,574 --> 04:03:47,578
WHETHER IT'S DIFFERENT FOR A 

4901
04:03:47,578 --> 04:03:50,380
COHORT OF ADHD BECAUSE OF THE 

4902
04:03:50,380 --> 04:03:52,583
CHANGES IN DOPAMINE AND 

4903
04:03:52,583 --> 04:03:53,584
NEUROMODULATOR SYSTEMS IS A 

4904
04:03:53,584 --> 04:03:55,252
LAYER OF COMPLEXITY WE'RE NOT 

4905
04:03:55,252 --> 04:03:58,388
ABLE TO ADDRESS YET BUT 

4906
04:03:58,388 --> 04:03:58,922
HOPEFULLY WE'LL GET THERE.

4907
04:03:58,922 --> 04:03:59,223
>> OKAY.

4908
04:03:59,223 --> 04:04:03,527
TO BE DETERMINED, THANK YOU.

4909
04:04:03,527 --> 04:04:09,199
A QUESTION FOR DR. BROUSSARD.

4910
04:04:09,199 --> 04:04:14,371
WHETHER MEALS DURING PROTOCOLS 

4911
04:04:14,371 --> 04:04:22,813
WERE HIGHER IN PROTEIN OR CARBS 

4912
04:04:22,813 --> 04:04:25,382
OR FAT AND AFFECTED METABOLIC 

4913
04:04:25,382 --> 04:04:25,716
AFFECTS.

4914
04:04:25,716 --> 04:04:27,117
>> I LIKE THAT QUESTION
BECAUSE 

4915
04:04:27,117 --> 04:04:28,819
I'M HOPING THAT'S GOING TO BE 

4916
04:04:28,819 --> 04:04:33,290
OUR RENEWAL.

4917
04:04:33,290 --> 04:04:38,362
WE ARE NOT TRYING TO MANIPULATE 

4918
04:04:38,362 --> 04:04:40,197
MACRO NUTRIENTS.

4919
04:04:40,197 --> 04:04:41,932
WE ARE TRYING TO KEEP THEM OUT 

4920
04:04:41,932 --> 04:04:43,300
OF THE NIGHT IN THE SHIFT WORK 

4921
04:04:43,300 --> 04:04:47,738
PROTOCOLS.

4922
04:04:47,738 --> 04:04:51,708
I DO THINK FOR PEOPLE WHERE IT'S

4923
04:04:51,708 --> 04:04:54,978
NOT FEASIBLE OR MAY NOT WANT AN 

4924
04:04:54,978 --> 04:04:56,013
EMERGENCY SERVICES WORKER 

4925
04:04:56,013 --> 04:04:57,548
FASTING OVERNIGHT WHEN THEY NEED

4926
04:04:57,548 --> 04:04:59,850
TO MOBILIZE ENERGY QUICKLY, 

4927
04:04:59,850 --> 04:05:06,123
THERE MAY BE OTHER WAYS TO 

4928
04:05:06,123 --> 04:05:08,959
MANIPULATE MACRO NUTRIENTS AND 

4929
04:05:08,959 --> 04:05:12,362
IS IT CARBOHYDRATES AT NIGHT 

4930
04:05:12,362 --> 04:05:14,298
DRIVING IT AND HAVE A NIGHT 

4931
04:05:14,298 --> 04:05:16,200
SCIENCE IDEA YOU CAN HAVE 

4932
04:05:16,200 --> 04:05:17,801
SOMEONE SLEEP AND INFUSE 

4933
04:05:17,801 --> 04:05:20,737
DIFFERENT MACRO NUTRIENTS SO 

4934
04:05:20,737 --> 04:05:24,007
YOU'RE DISENTANGLING THAT TO 

4935
04:05:24,007 --> 04:05:27,411
LOOK AT WHAT IS DRIVING THE 

4936
04:05:27,411 --> 04:05:27,978
IMPAIRMENT.

4937
04:05:27,978 --> 04:05:30,380
WHEN THINKING ABOUT THE MACRO 

4938
04:05:30,380 --> 04:05:31,114
NUTRIENTS THERE'S ANOTHER IDEA 

4939
04:05:31,114 --> 04:05:33,984
SOMEONE COULD DO IS GIVEN THE 

4940
04:05:33,984 --> 04:05:37,654
BACKGROUND THAT HIGH FAT DIET IN

4941
04:05:37,654 --> 04:05:43,126
MICE LEADS TO ARRHYTHMICITY AND 

4942
04:05:43,126 --> 04:05:46,396
LEAD THAT TO MANIPULATE THE 

4943
04:05:46,396 --> 04:05:46,830
CIRCADIAN SYSTEM?

4944
04:05:46,830 --> 04:05:54,404
I THINK THE IDEA OF MANIPULATING

4945
04:05:54,404 --> 04:05:59,610
THE MACRO NUTRIENTS IS A COOL 

4946
04:05:59,610 --> 04:06:00,711
AREA FOR SURE.

4947
04:06:00,711 --> 04:06:03,247
>> AND ANOTHER QUESTION
FOR 

4948
04:06:03,247 --> 04:06:05,415
DR. LIPTON, I WONDER IF THE 

4949
04:06:05,415 --> 04:06:06,984
EXPRESSION WAS TESTED IN DAY AND

4950
04:06:06,984 --> 04:06:10,020
NIGHT AND ACROSS LIFE SPAN OF 

4951
04:06:10,020 --> 04:06:15,993
THE ANIMAL MODEL.

4952
04:06:15,993 --> 04:06:23,200
S 

4953
04:06:23,200 --> 04:06:26,169
>> IT'S BEEN LOOKED AT BY
A 

4954
04:06:26,169 --> 04:06:27,738
NUMBER OF GROUPS AND THE SHORT 

4955
04:06:27,738 --> 04:06:30,574
IS CLOCK AMPLITUDE IS SUPPRESSED

4956
04:06:30,574 --> 04:06:33,577
WITH AGING.

4957
04:06:33,577 --> 04:06:37,447
THAT'S THE BRIEF VIM  SUMMARY 

4958
04:06:37,447 --> 04:06:41,151
AND WE'RE LOOKING AT HOW THE 

4959
04:06:41,151 --> 04:06:45,989
SYNAPTIC RHYTHM MAY BE AFFECTED 

4960
04:06:45,989 --> 04:06:47,658
IN AGE AND AGE-RELATED DISORDER.

4961
04:06:47,658 --> 04:06:50,360
I'M EXCITED TO LOOK AT THAT.

4962
04:06:50,360 --> 04:06:52,329
WE HAVE A HINT THE 

4963
04:06:52,329 --> 04:06:53,330
PHOSPHORYLATION MECHANISM MAYBE 

4964
04:06:53,330 --> 04:06:54,831
DISRUPTED BUT WE DON'T KNOW YET.

4965
04:06:54,831 --> 04:06:59,736
BUT THANKS FOR THAT QUESTION.

4966
04:06:59,736 --> 04:07:00,304
>> THANK YOU.

4967
04:07:00,304 --> 04:07:01,905
THERE WAS ALSO A QUESTION 

4968
04:07:01,905 --> 04:07:04,007
DR. CHENG ANSWERED IN THE CHAT.

4969
04:07:04,007 --> 04:07:06,143
I COULD ASK YOU LIVE AND IF 

4970
04:07:06,143 --> 04:07:08,145
ANYONE ELSE WANTS TO CHIME IN.

4971
04:07:08,145 --> 04:07:10,247
FOR TE DATA PRESENTED TODAY, 

4972
04:07:10,247 --> 04:07:11,715
WHICH CLINICAL TESTS COULD BE 

4973
04:07:11,715 --> 04:07:14,951
DONE TO GET A ROUGH IDEA OF A 

4974
04:07:14,951 --> 04:07:16,119
PATIENT'S CIRCADIAN REGION IF 

4975
04:07:16,119 --> 04:07:16,853
THEY EXIST?

4976
04:07:16,853 --> 04:07:17,954
DR. CHENG DO YOU WANT TO START 

4977
04:07:17,954 --> 04:07:18,655
WITH WHAT YOU ANSWERED?

4978
04:07:18,655 --> 04:07:25,896
>> SURE.

4979
04:07:25,896 --> 04:07:27,764
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF TOOLS LIKE

4980
04:07:27,764 --> 04:07:28,765
MY COLLEAGUES DESCRIBED.

4981
04:07:28,765 --> 04:07:34,271
WE HAVE NOW VALIDATED A PROCESS 

4982
04:07:34,271 --> 04:07:39,876
TO TAKE ACTIVITY DATA FROM A 

4983
04:07:39,876 --> 04:07:42,412
WATCH OR A WEARABLE LIKE AN 

4984
04:07:42,412 --> 04:07:43,814
APPLE WATCH.

4985
04:07:43,814 --> 04:07:46,550
AND MAKE SOME PRETTY DECENT 

4986
04:07:46,550 --> 04:07:48,118
PREDICTIONS OF MELATONIN ONSET 

4987
04:07:48,118 --> 04:07:49,953
SO THIS WOULD BE DATA COLLECTED 

4988
04:07:49,953 --> 04:07:51,121
IN THE FIELD BUT THEN REBRING 

4989
04:07:51,121 --> 04:07:56,360
THEM INTO THE LAB AND DO 

4990
04:07:56,360 --> 04:07:58,729
STANDARD TESTS FOR CONCORDANCE.

4991
04:07:58,729 --> 04:08:03,033
SO FAR WE'RE DOING PRETTY WELL.

4992
04:08:03,033 --> 04:08:06,737
IF YOU WANT TO GET ROUGH IDEAS 

4993
04:08:06,737 --> 04:08:12,843
INTO MOSTLY HEALTHY OR ENTRAINED

4994
04:08:12,843 --> 04:08:15,412
POPULATIONS THEY'VE DONE A GOOD 

4995
04:08:15,412 --> 04:08:17,981
JOB AND OTHER WORK SHOWS THE 

4996
04:08:17,981 --> 04:08:22,219
MORNING AND EVENING AT SCALE AND

4997
04:08:22,219 --> 04:08:24,521
COMMUNITY POPULATIONS AND A 

4998
04:08:24,521 --> 04:08:29,192
DECENT JOB TO FOR AN ESTIMATE.

4999
04:08:29,192 --> 04:08:32,195
THOSE ARE GOOD PLACES TO START.

5000
04:08:32,195 --> 04:08:38,301
THERE ARE BLOOD MARKERS, GENETIC

5001
04:08:38,301 --> 04:08:41,138
MARKERS WE'RE ALSO TESTING.

5002
04:08:41,138 --> 04:08:42,606
>> DOES ANYONE ELSE WANT
TO 

5003
04:08:42,606 --> 04:08:44,574
CHIME IN ON THAT QUESTION WAYS 

5004
04:08:44,574 --> 04:08:48,145
TO GET A ROUGH IDEA OF PATIENT 

5005
04:08:48,145 --> 04:08:49,946
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM?

5006
04:08:49,946 --> 04:09:00,457
>> I THINK THERE'S -- I
THINK 

5007
04:09:04,828 --> 04:09:05,095
AT

5008
04:09:05,095 --> 04:09:05,429
AT

5009
04:09:05,429 --> 04:09:07,564
ATIGRAPHY IS GREAT AND THERE'S A

5010
04:09:07,564 --> 04:09:10,867
GENE EXPRESSION-BASED OUTPUT.

5011
04:09:10,867 --> 04:09:13,837
TAKING LIKE A HUMAN HAIR AND GET

5012
04:09:13,837 --> 04:09:17,007
FIBROBLASTS OR SKIN FIBROBLASTS 

5013
04:09:17,007 --> 04:09:23,246
OR EVEN FROM A SMEAR FOR 

5014
04:09:23,246 --> 04:09:26,450
EXAMPLE.

5015
04:09:26,450 --> 04:09:28,852
IT CAN ASSESS 40 OR 50 GENES YOU

5016
04:09:28,852 --> 04:09:38,028
CAN GET A FAIR ASSESSMENT OF 

5017
04:09:38,028 --> 04:09:39,429
PHASE THE TIME YOU GET THE 

5018
04:09:39,429 --> 04:09:39,729
ASSESSMENT.

5019
04:09:39,729 --> 04:09:41,631
IT DEPENDS ON WHEN YOU GET THE 

5020
04:09:41,631 --> 04:09:52,108
BIOLOGICAL OR CELLULAR DATA.

5021
04:10:06,490 --> 04:10:10,427
>> THERE'S A WAY TO
INTEGRATE 

5022
04:10:10,427 --> 04:10:12,596
THE METHODS TO GET A PRECISE 

5023
04:10:12,596 --> 04:10:12,896
MEASUREMENT.

5024
04:10:12,896 --> 04:10:14,731
>> AND A QUESTION FOR 

5025
04:10:14,731 --> 04:10:17,567
DR. BROUSSARD.

5026
04:10:17,567 --> 04:10:19,436
I SAW THE DATA YOU SHOWED ON 

5027
04:10:19,436 --> 04:10:22,806
TIME RESTRICTED FEEDING AND 

5028
04:10:22,806 --> 04:10:23,974
OMICS AND BELIEVE YOU SHOWED 

5029
04:10:23,974 --> 04:10:25,509
LIPID OMICS.

5030
04:10:25,509 --> 04:10:27,077
ARE YOU LOOKING AT ANY OMICS 

5031
04:10:27,077 --> 04:10:32,949
LIKE METABOLOMICS AND WHAT WOULD

5032
04:10:32,949 --> 04:10:38,321
YOU PROPOSE THE AND PATHWAYS FOR

5033
04:10:38,321 --> 04:10:41,157
WHICH TIME RESTRICTED FEEDING 

5034
04:10:41,157 --> 04:10:41,858
LEADS TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

5035
04:10:41,858 --> 04:10:42,125
OUTCOMES.

5036
04:10:42,125 --> 04:10:43,159
IS THAT THE GOAL?

5037
04:10:43,159 --> 04:10:46,596
>> THAT'S THE GOAL OF THE
LIPID 

5038
04:10:46,596 --> 04:10:47,998
OMICS WE RAN.

5039
04:10:47,998 --> 04:10:49,566
WE DON'T HAVE ANY OTHER OMICS 

5040
04:10:49,566 --> 04:10:56,373
RUN ON THOSE SAMPLES THOUGH I'M 

5041
04:10:56,373 --> 04:10:56,973
OPEN TO IT.

5042
04:10:56,973 --> 04:10:59,476
IF WE'RE INTERESTED IN THE 

5043
04:10:59,476 --> 04:11:03,213
PATHWAYS THAT MAY BE DRIVING 

5044
04:11:03,213 --> 04:11:03,547
IMPROVEMENTS.

5045
04:11:03,547 --> 04:11:07,317
IT'S ALSO BECAUSE THE FASTING 

5046
04:11:07,317 --> 04:11:10,320
TIME IS DIFFERENT IT'S -- IT'S 

5047
04:11:10,320 --> 04:11:12,155
WHAT YOU'D EXPECT THE OMIC 

5048
04:11:12,155 --> 04:11:13,490
OUTCOMES AND LIPIDS ARE DOWN 

5049
04:11:13,490 --> 04:11:14,925
BECAUSE WHEN WE SAMPLED THEY HAD

5050
04:11:14,925 --> 04:11:20,130
BEEN FASTING LONGER.

5051
04:11:20,130 --> 04:11:22,699
I NEED TO BE MORE THOUGHTFUL WHY

5052
04:11:22,699 --> 04:11:24,434
WE'RE DOING THAT AND HOW TO 

5053
04:11:24,434 --> 04:11:26,002
INTERPRET IT BECAUSE IT'S GOING 

5054
04:11:26,002 --> 04:11:26,670
TO BE DRIVEN BY THE FASTING 

5055
04:11:26,670 --> 04:11:33,777
DURATION.

5056
04:11:33,777 --> 04:11:36,513
AND LOOKING AT WHAT TYPE OF 

5057
04:11:36,513 --> 04:11:36,780
LIPIDS.

5058
04:11:36,780 --> 04:11:39,916
WE COULD EXPECT LIPIDS TO GO 

5059
04:11:39,916 --> 04:11:41,518
DOWN BUT THE COMPOSITION OF 

5060
04:11:41,518 --> 04:11:44,020
LIPIDS AND FAMILIES AND SPECIES 

5061
04:11:44,020 --> 04:11:44,921
THAT MIGHT BE CHANGING BASED ON 

5062
04:11:44,921 --> 04:11:49,859
THE INTERVENTION.

5063
04:11:49,859 --> 04:11:52,562
>> QUESTION FOR DR. CHENG.

5064
04:11:52,562 --> 04:11:54,030
ONE OF THE OVER ARCHING GOALS OF

5065
04:11:54,030 --> 04:11:57,267
THE WORKSHOP IS TO THINK ABOUT 

5066
04:11:57,267 --> 04:11:58,368
HOW SOME OF THE TRADITIONAL 

5067
04:11:58,368 --> 04:11:59,836
OUTCOMES THAT WE HAVE BEEN 

5068
04:11:59,836 --> 04:12:03,807
LOOKING AT IN TERMS OF SLEEP AND

5069
04:12:03,807 --> 04:12:04,874
CIRCADIAN RESEARCH AND 

5070
04:12:04,874 --> 04:12:06,810
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK COULD BE 

5071
04:12:06,810 --> 04:12:09,312
SHIFTED TO A MORE CARDIOVASCULAR

5072
04:12:09,312 --> 04:12:11,615
RESILIENCE FOCUS AND I SAW IN 

5073
04:12:11,615 --> 04:12:14,417
SOME OF NUR DATA YOU SHOWED YOU 

5074
04:12:14,417 --> 04:12:20,023
MEASURED THINGS LIKE INTRUSIVE 

5075
04:12:20,023 --> 04:12:21,992
THOUGHTS WHICH WAS INTERESTING.

5076
04:12:21,992 --> 04:12:23,994
IS THAT SOMETHING YOU SUGGEST 

5077
04:12:23,994 --> 04:12:25,562
RESEARCHERS WHO TRADITIONALLY DO

5078
04:12:25,562 --> 04:12:26,429
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

5079
04:12:26,429 --> 04:12:28,164
RESEARCH MAY START TO 

5080
04:12:28,164 --> 04:12:29,966
INCORPORATE AS AN EXAMPLE OF AN 

5081
04:12:29,966 --> 04:12:33,236
OUTCOME WE GET MORE RESILIENCE 

5082
04:12:33,236 --> 04:12:34,871
OR OTHER OUTCOMES RESILIENT 

5083
04:12:34,871 --> 04:12:38,441
FOCUS YOU SUGGEST WE 

5084
04:12:38,441 --> 04:12:39,342
INCORPORATE?

5085
04:12:39,342 --> 04:12:40,210
>> GREAT QUESTION.

5086
04:12:40,210 --> 04:12:41,044
THANK YOU FOR THAT.

5087
04:12:41,044 --> 04:12:44,514
MY BIAS AS A PSYCHOLOGIST IS 

5088
04:12:44,514 --> 04:12:46,282
STRESS AND VASCULAR FUNCTIONINGS

5089
04:12:46,282 --> 04:12:55,859
GO HAND IN HAND.

5090
04:12:55,859 --> 04:12:57,727
IT'S IMPORTANT TO HAVE A BIGGER 

5091
04:12:57,727 --> 04:13:01,431
PICTURE OF WHAT IS GOING ON 

5092
04:13:01,431 --> 04:13:10,407
BECAUSE IT ALSO HELPS US 

5093
04:13:10,407 --> 04:13:13,610
UNDERSTAND GENERALIZABLE.

5094
04:13:13,610 --> 04:13:17,447
TO YOUR POINT A MORE POEFRL MOVE

5095
04:13:17,447 --> 04:13:19,716
WE SHOULD HAVE IS DIFFERENTIATE 

5096
04:13:19,716 --> 04:13:21,051
RISK FROM RESILIENCE.

5097
04:13:21,051 --> 04:13:24,287
I THINK IT'S EASY TO THINK ABOUT

5098
04:13:24,287 --> 04:13:30,393
ON A CONTINUUM AND THEY MAY BE 

5099
04:13:30,393 --> 04:13:33,997
DIFFERENT GOING BACK THAT 

5100
04:13:33,997 --> 04:13:35,965
RESILIENCE IS NOT JUST THE 

5101
04:13:35,965 --> 04:13:37,400
ABSENCE OF PATHOLOGY.

5102
04:13:37,400 --> 04:13:43,073
YOU COULD HAVE ABSENCE BY NOT 

5103
04:13:43,073 --> 04:13:43,973
HAVING ANY STRESS EXPOSURES 

5104
04:13:43,973 --> 04:13:46,643
LIVING A WELL PROTECTED LIFE 

5105
04:13:46,643 --> 04:13:52,482
WITH LOTS OF RESOURCES.

5106
04:13:52,482 --> 04:13:53,583
OR YOU COULD BE RESILIENT IN HOW

5107
04:13:53,583 --> 04:13:58,254
YOU HANDLE CHALLENGES.

5108
04:13:58,254 --> 04:13:59,022
>> THAT'S INTERESTING TO
THINK 

5109
04:13:59,022 --> 04:13:59,222
ABOUT.

5110
04:13:59,222 --> 04:14:07,697
THANK YOU FOR THAT.

5111
04:14:07,697 --> 04:14:09,933
DR. LIPTON, ANOTHER GOAL IS WAYS

5112
04:14:09,933 --> 04:14:10,467
TO INCORPORATE DIFFERENT 

5113
04:14:10,467 --> 04:14:18,041
DISCIPLINES.

5114
04:14:18,041 --> 04:14:18,808
AND DO YOU COLLABORATE WITH 

5115
04:14:18,808 --> 04:14:21,745
OTHER TYPES OF SCIENCES IN YOUR 

5116
04:14:21,745 --> 04:14:23,046
WORK AND IF YOU DO, COULD YOU 

5117
04:14:23,046 --> 04:14:27,417
GIVE AN EXAMPLE HOW YOU DO THAT?

5118
04:14:27,417 --> 04:14:29,986
>> YEAH, I'M A PHYSICIAN 

5119
04:14:29,986 --> 04:14:30,286
SCIENTIST.

5120
04:14:30,286 --> 04:14:30,987
I HAVE MANY COLLEAGUES WHO 

5121
04:14:30,987 --> 04:14:33,156
ARE -- I SEE PATIENTS BUT ON A 

5122
04:14:33,156 --> 04:14:35,558
VERY LIMITED BASIS.

5123
04:14:35,558 --> 04:14:45,201
I WOULD SAY YES, I COLLABORATE 

5124
04:14:45,201 --> 04:14:45,935
WITH CLINICIANS.

5125
04:14:45,935 --> 04:14:47,103
WE'RE DOING A SERIES OF 

5126
04:14:47,103 --> 04:14:47,904
TRANSLATIONAL PROJECTS.

5127
04:14:47,904 --> 04:14:53,476
I THINK ONE OF THE BEAUTIES OF 

5128
04:14:53,476 --> 04:14:58,548
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AS I AND OTHER

5129
04:14:58,548 --> 04:15:00,416
SPEAKER HAVE SAID THEY'RE TRULY 

5130
04:15:00,416 --> 04:15:00,917
MULTI-SCALED.

5131
04:15:00,917 --> 04:15:02,452
WHAT'S BEAUTIFUL IS YOU CAN 

5132
04:15:02,452 --> 04:15:07,857
STUDY A SYSTEM THAT HAS 

5133
04:15:07,857 --> 04:15:09,993
BEHAVIORAL OR EVEN SOCIAL 

5134
04:15:09,993 --> 04:15:12,996
PHENOTYPES AND STUDY THEM AT A 

5135
04:15:12,996 --> 04:15:14,531
MECHANISTIC LEVEL AND BECAUSE 

5136
04:15:14,531 --> 04:15:16,966
THE SYSTEM IS MANIFEST AT THE 

5137
04:15:16,966 --> 04:15:18,802
LEVEL OF COMPLEX CELLULAR 

5138
04:15:18,802 --> 04:15:20,036
INTERACTIONS AND INDIVIDUAL 

5139
04:15:20,036 --> 04:15:20,937
CELLS SO IT'S FUNDAMENTALLY A 

5140
04:15:20,937 --> 04:15:26,876
CELLULAR SYSTEM.

5141
04:15:26,876 --> 04:15:29,579
WE CAN TAKE CELLS FROM PATIENTS 

5142
04:15:29,579 --> 04:15:31,447
WITH UNDERLYING EXPOSURES OR 

5143
04:15:31,447 --> 04:15:34,150
GENETIC DISORDERS AND UNPACK THE

5144
04:15:34,150 --> 04:15:36,252
INTERFACE BETWEEN THAT 

5145
04:15:36,252 --> 04:15:42,392
BACKGROUND AND THE MECHANISM.

5146
04:15:42,392 --> 04:15:44,561
I THINK THIS NEEDS TO BE PART OF

5147
04:15:44,561 --> 04:15:45,228
THE FUTURE.

5148
04:15:45,228 --> 04:15:47,530
ONE OTHER THING I'LL MAKE A 

5149
04:15:47,530 --> 04:15:50,400
QUICK PLUG, ONE THING THAT'S 

5150
04:15:50,400 --> 04:15:52,502
CHALLENGING AS A PHYSICIAN IS I 

5151
04:15:52,502 --> 04:15:54,637
THINK CHRONOBIOLOGY AND 

5152
04:15:54,637 --> 04:15:57,073
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IS SOMETIMES 

5153
04:15:57,073 --> 04:15:59,242
OFTEN AUTOMATICALLY ASSOCIATED 

5154
04:15:59,242 --> 04:16:00,310
WITH SLEEP.

5155
04:16:00,310 --> 04:16:02,979
WHICH CAN FINE, IT'S OFTEN 

5156
04:16:02,979 --> 04:16:05,715
ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP BUT FAR 

5157
04:16:05,715 --> 04:16:06,015
BROADER.

5158
04:16:06,015 --> 04:16:08,117
WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT HOW TO --

5159
04:16:08,117 --> 04:16:09,586
WHEN GO TO THE HOSPITAL AND 

5160
04:16:09,586 --> 04:16:14,390
PEOPLE SAY WHAT DO YOU WORK ON 

5161
04:16:14,390 --> 04:16:17,093
AND ASK WHAT DO YOU DO AND I SAY

5162
04:16:17,093 --> 04:16:19,762
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND THEY SAY 

5163
04:16:19,762 --> 04:16:22,198
SLEEP.

5164
04:16:22,198 --> 04:16:23,199
YES, HOMEOSTATIC RESILIENT 

5165
04:16:23,199 --> 04:16:25,201
SYSTEM THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO 

5166
04:16:25,201 --> 04:16:29,038
THE HEART OR BEHAVIOR OR APPLIED

5167
04:16:29,038 --> 04:16:31,541
TO OBESITY, LIFE SPAN, 

5168
04:16:31,541 --> 04:16:33,843
DEVELOPMENT, CANCER.

5169
04:16:33,843 --> 04:16:37,547
I THINK NOW'S THE TIME.

5170
04:16:37,547 --> 04:16:39,115
THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE 

5171
04:16:39,115 --> 04:16:40,116
BEING WORKED OUT.

5172
04:16:40,116 --> 04:16:43,987
IT WON THE NOBEL PRIZE A FEW 

5173
04:16:43,987 --> 04:16:45,521
YEARS AGO AND KNOW ABOUT THE 

5174
04:16:45,521 --> 04:16:46,089
MECHANISMS.

5175
04:16:46,089 --> 04:16:46,956
NOW IT'S TIME TO GET EXCITED 

5176
04:16:46,956 --> 04:16:54,063
ABOUT APPLYING IT.

5177
04:16:54,063 --> 04:16:55,899
YES, WE NEED TO COLLABORATE.

5178
04:16:55,899 --> 04:16:58,001
>> YOU MADE TERRIFIC
POINTS THE 

5179
04:16:58,001 --> 04:16:59,602
CIRCADIAN SYSTEM COULD BE 

5180
04:16:59,602 --> 04:17:02,405
APPLIED BROADLY TO A NUMBER OF 

5181
04:17:02,405 --> 04:17:02,872
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS.

5182
04:17:02,872 --> 04:17:04,107
I THINK WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE 

5183
04:17:04,107 --> 04:17:06,876
MORE QUESTION AND THERE'S A 

5184
04:17:06,876 --> 04:17:07,443
QUESTION IN THE CHAT ABOUT 

5185
04:17:07,443 --> 04:17:17,587
GRAZING.

5186
04:17:19,422 --> 04:17:22,392
HOW OLD EATING FREQUENCY BE A 

5187
04:17:22,392 --> 04:17:29,732
MODIFIABLE ?

5188
04:17:29,732 --> 04:17:31,501
>>  I DON'T KNOW WE
EVIDENCED 

5189
04:17:31,501 --> 04:17:38,574
THAT FOOD INTAKE IS IMPACTING 

5190
04:17:38,574 --> 04:17:46,416
THE INTERNAL CLOCK AND A GROUP 

5191
04:17:46,416 --> 04:17:55,058
SHOWED AND IF LIGHT NIGHT 

5192
04:17:55,058 --> 04:17:56,225
SNACKING COMES WITH LIGHT 

5193
04:17:56,225 --> 04:18:01,497
EXPOSURE THERE'LL BE POTENTIAL 

5194
04:18:01,497 --> 04:18:01,898
SHIFTING.

5195
04:18:01,898 --> 04:18:05,501
I LOVE DR. CHENG'S PRESENTATION 

5196
04:18:05,501 --> 04:18:09,706
IN ENHANCING RHYTHMS IF CAN COME

5197
04:18:09,706 --> 04:18:11,441
OUT OF THE SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT

5198
04:18:11,441 --> 04:18:13,309
WAYS WE COULD POTENTIALLY 

5199
04:18:13,309 --> 04:18:15,845
ENHANCE THE SYSTEM AND THAT 

5200
04:18:15,845 --> 04:18:16,579
MIGHT BE AN INTERESTING AND 

5201
04:18:16,579 --> 04:18:19,649
IMPORTANT NEXT STEP AND WHAT 

5202
04:18:19,649 --> 04:18:23,753
DOES AMPLITUDE MEAN 

5203
04:18:23,753 --> 04:18:24,120
PHYSIOLOGICALLY?

5204
04:18:24,120 --> 04:18:26,489
DO WE KNOW AND LOOKING AT TIMING

5205
04:18:26,489 --> 04:18:29,792
AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COMING AT 

5206
04:18:29,792 --> 04:18:32,762
DIFFERENT CLOCKS TO ENHANCE 

5207
04:18:32,762 --> 04:18:32,996
RHYTHMS.

5208
04:18:32,996 --> 04:18:38,001
>> THAT'S A VERY EXCITING
AREA.

5209
04:18:38,001 --> 04:18:40,703
NOW TO END THE SESSION RIGHT AT 

5210
04:18:40,703 --> 04:18:41,270
2:50.

5211
04:18:41,270 --> 04:18:43,406
WE HAVE A 10-MINUTE BREAK AND 

5212
04:18:43,406 --> 04:18:44,273
BACK AT 3:00 FOR NEXT HALF OF 

5213
04:18:44,273 --> 04:18:44,841
OUR SESSION.

5214
04:18:44,841 --> 04:18:47,276
I WANT TO THANK OUR FIRST THREE 

5215
04:18:47,276 --> 04:18:48,544
SPEAKERS AND HOPEFULLY WE'LL SEE

5216
04:18:48,544 --> 04:18:50,413
YOU BACK AT THEN OF TODAY FOR 

5217
04:18:50,413 --> 04:18:52,515
THE PANEL DISCUSSION.

5218
04:18:52,515 --> 04:18:53,082
SEE EVERYONE ELSE AT 3:00.

5219
04:18:53,082 --> 04:18:53,349
THANK YOU.

5220
04:18:53,349 --> 04:18:53,416
 

5221
04:18:59,730 --> 04:19:00,998
WELCOME, DR. JELIC AND WE'LL GET

5222
04:19:00,998 --> 04:19:02,399
YOUR SLIDES UP AND YOU CAN TAKE 

5223
04:19:02,399 --> 04:19:04,435
IT AWAY.

5224
04:19:04,435 --> 04:19:08,238
>> THANK YOU, BROOKE.

5225
04:19:08,238 --> 04:19:12,910
I WILL TALK ABOUT INSUFFICIENT 

5226
04:19:12,910 --> 04:19:15,245
SLEEP AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

5227
04:19:15,245 --> 04:19:17,414
I LIKE THE TERM BECAUSE IT 

5228
04:19:17,414 --> 04:19:20,517
DESCRIBES BETTER WHAT'S 

5229
04:19:20,517 --> 04:19:21,251
HAPPENING BECAUSE SHORT SLEEP 

5230
04:19:21,251 --> 04:19:22,519
COULD BE OKAY FOR SOMEONE BUT 

5231
04:19:22,519 --> 04:19:24,355
NOT FOR THE OTHER PERSON.

5232
04:19:24,355 --> 04:19:26,757
IT ALSO CHANGES DURING LIFE 

5233
04:19:26,757 --> 04:19:26,957
SPAN.

5234
04:19:26,957 --> 04:19:29,560
I THINK INSUFFICIENT SLEEP WOULD

5235
04:19:29,560 --> 04:19:34,365
BE BETTER TERM TO USE FOR THESE 

5236
04:19:34,365 --> 04:19:44,541
PURPOSES.

5237
04:19:46,443 --> 04:19:54,918
I'LL GO OVER INSUFFICIENT SLEEP 

5238
04:19:54,918 --> 04:19:58,689
A

5239
04:19:58,689 --> 04:20:02,626
AND THIS BEHAVIOR IS MORE 

5240
04:20:02,626 --> 04:20:04,728
PREVALENT IN HISPANIC AND 

5241
04:20:04,728 --> 04:20:05,896
NON-HISPANIC BLACKS AS MENTIONED

5242
04:20:05,896 --> 04:20:09,133
IN MORE DETAIL THIS MORNING AND 

5243
04:20:09,133 --> 04:20:12,002
THOSE WITH LOWER SOCIO ECONOMIC 

5244
04:20:12,002 --> 04:20:12,436
STALTS.

5245
04:20:12,436 --> 04:20:14,405
THE PREVALENCE OF OF SHORT SLEEP

5246
04:20:14,405 --> 04:20:17,040
IS INCREASING OVER TIME.

5247
04:20:17,040 --> 04:20:20,110
THIS STUDY FOUND THE INCREASE 

5248
04:20:20,110 --> 04:20:22,780
FROM 1970s TO 2010.

5249
04:20:22,780 --> 04:20:25,849
AND ALONG THE STUDIES SPANNING 

5250
04:20:25,849 --> 04:20:28,786
THE ENTIRE 20th CENTURY FOUND 

5251
04:20:28,786 --> 04:20:30,754
YOU SHORTEN SLEEP BY ONE HOUR 

5252
04:20:30,754 --> 04:20:31,588
COMPARED TO THE BEGINNING OF THE

5253
04:20:31,588 --> 04:20:33,457
20th CENTURY.

5254
04:20:33,457 --> 04:20:34,925
THAT'S QUITE SIGNIFICANT.

5255
04:20:34,925 --> 04:20:40,564
THE TIME WE TAKE FROM SLEEP NOT 

5256
04:20:40,564 --> 04:20:41,732
SPENT ON LEISURE OR ANYTHING 

5257
04:20:41,732 --> 04:20:42,900
PLEASANT BUT UNPAID WORK AND 

5258
04:20:42,900 --> 04:20:47,838
COMMUTE.

5259
04:20:47,838 --> 04:20:53,644
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP HAS BEEN 

5260
04:20:53,644 --> 04:20:55,112
INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 

5261
04:20:55,112 --> 04:20:56,780
AND I HIGHLIGHT THE 

5262
04:20:56,780 --> 04:20:58,382
OBSERVATIONAL TERM BECAUSE I 

5263
04:20:58,382 --> 04:20:59,383
WILL MOSTLY TALK ABOUT SOME 

5264
04:20:59,383 --> 04:21:02,786
CAUSAL EVIDENCE LATER UPON I 

5265
04:21:02,786 --> 04:21:05,589
JUST LISTED HERE MANY STUDIES 

5266
04:21:05,589 --> 04:21:08,025
SPANNING THE PAST 20 YEARS AND 

5267
04:21:08,025 --> 04:21:09,460
HIGHLIGHTED THESE THREE WHICH 

5268
04:21:09,460 --> 04:21:13,130
ARE FAMILIAR TO MOST OF YOU THAT

5269
04:21:13,130 --> 04:21:15,132
ARE ALSO OBSERVATIONAL 

5270
04:21:15,132 --> 04:21:18,702
CROSS-SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE 

5271
04:21:18,702 --> 04:21:23,807
AND TO SUMMARIZE THE POPULATION 

5272
04:21:23,807 --> 04:21:30,013
VARE

5273
04:21:30,013 --> 04:21:34,184
VARED THOSE THAT SLEEP LE LESS 

5274
04:21:34,184 --> 04:21:38,355
THAN SIX HOURS PER NIGHT HAVE 

5275
04:21:38,355 --> 04:21:41,291
INCREASED ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN

5276
04:21:41,291 --> 04:21:47,965
AND PREVALENCE IN ATRIAL FIBRIL 

5277
04:21:47,965 --> 04:21:49,867
AND ASSOCIATED WITH ALL CAUSE 

5278
04:21:49,867 --> 04:21:52,803
MORTALITY REPEATEDLY.

5279
04:21:52,803 --> 04:21:55,372
BASED ON THIS OBSERVATIONAL 

5280
04:21:55,372 --> 04:21:57,508
EVIDENCE, AMERICAN HEARD 

5281
04:21:57,508 --> 04:22:00,944
ASSOCIATION SAYS AS DR. JONES 

5282
04:22:00,944 --> 04:22:03,680
EXPLAINED IN THE FIRST TALK 

5283
04:22:03,680 --> 04:22:06,383
TODAY, SHORT SLEEP INCREASES 

5284
04:22:06,383 --> 04:22:09,286
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

5285
04:22:09,286 --> 04:22:14,291
AND THEY INCLUDED AS THE EIGHTH 

5286
04:22:14,291 --> 04:22:15,993
METRIC OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

5287
04:22:15,993 --> 04:22:18,929
AND WE'RE NOW IN ILLUSTRIOUS 

5288
04:22:18,929 --> 04:22:20,430
COMPANY SUCH AS PHYSICAL 

5289
04:22:20,430 --> 04:22:22,699
ACTIVITY AND CHOLESTEROL AND 

5290
04:22:22,699 --> 04:22:32,809
SUCH.

5291
04:22:34,978 --> 04:22:35,846
WHAT IS THE CAUSAL EVIDENCE AND 

5292
04:22:35,846 --> 04:22:42,586
WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?

5293
04:22:42,586 --> 04:22:46,723
SO THE CAUSAL EVIDENCE FOR THE 

5294
04:22:46,723 --> 04:22:48,825
LINK BETWEEN INCREASED 

5295
04:22:48,825 --> 04:22:49,560
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND 

5296
04:22:49,560 --> 04:22:54,965
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP IS DERIVED 

5297
04:22:54,965 --> 04:22:58,902
FROM MOSTLY EXTREME SHORT-TERM 

5298
04:22:58,902 --> 04:22:59,369
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES.

5299
04:22:59,369 --> 04:23:09,913
MOST STUDIES IN HUMAN USE SLEEP 

5300
04:23:10,814 --> 04:23:13,483
LASTING 2 HOURS TO TWO WEEKS AND

5301
04:23:13,483 --> 04:23:17,154
ANOTHER ANOTHER CAVEAT IS MOST 

5302
04:23:17,154 --> 04:23:22,259
STUDIES HAVE A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE

5303
04:23:22,259 --> 04:23:29,633
IN AN IN ANIMAL MODELS I'M 

5304
04:23:29,633 --> 04:23:31,535
TALKING ABOUT BOTH MICE WHICH 

5305
04:23:31,535 --> 04:23:33,670
ARE THE MOST COMMON MODELS ARE 

5306
04:23:33,670 --> 04:23:40,377
GENETICALLY MANIPULATED AND IT 

5307
04:23:40,377 --> 04:23:44,581
SHORTENED THE LIFE SPAN AND 

5308
04:23:44,581 --> 04:23:46,149
CAUSING DISEASE AND BMAL 

5309
04:23:46,149 --> 04:23:52,122
KNOCKOUT MICE SHOW ACCELERATED 

5310
04:23:52,122 --> 04:23:52,322
AGING.

5311
04:23:52,322 --> 04:23:53,890
EXTREME SHORT TERM SLEEP HAS 

5312
04:23:53,890 --> 04:24:00,998
LIMITED RELEVANCE TO THE PROM 

5313
04:24:00,998 --> 04:24:04,067
POPULATION OF SLEEP PATTERN MILD

5314
04:24:04,067 --> 04:24:05,902
CURTAILMENT TO MAINTAINING 

5315
04:24:05,902 --> 04:24:06,303
WORK-LIFE BALANCE.

5316
04:24:06,303 --> 04:24:08,472
MOST PEOPLE HAVE TO GET UP IN 

5317
04:24:08,472 --> 04:24:12,309
THE MORNING TO GO TO SCHOOL OR 

5318
04:24:12,309 --> 04:24:12,509
WORK.

5319
04:24:12,509 --> 04:24:16,146
THIS SLEEP CURTAILMENT OCCURS IN

5320
04:24:16,146 --> 04:24:17,180
THE EVENING AND DELAY OUR BED 

5321
04:24:17,180 --> 04:24:27,591
TIME FOR AN HOUR OR TWO.

5322
04:24:30,327 --> 04:24:32,729
WHAT IS THE MECHANISM AND IT 

5323
04:24:32,729 --> 04:24:38,935
FOCUSES ON OXIDATIVE STRESS 

5324
04:24:38,935 --> 04:24:42,305
THOUGHT TO PROMOTE INFLAMMATION.

5325
04:24:42,305 --> 04:24:43,907
SO ONE MAJOR FUNCTION SUGGESTED 

5326
04:24:43,907 --> 04:24:46,209
MAJOR FUNCTION OF HEALTHY SLEEP 

5327
04:24:46,209 --> 04:24:50,847
IS TO CLEAR OXIDATIVE STRESS 

5328
04:24:50,847 --> 04:24:52,582
ACCUMULATED DURING WAKE 

5329
04:24:52,582 --> 04:24:52,849
FULLNESS.

5330
04:24:52,849 --> 04:24:56,119
IT'S AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTOR TO

5331
04:24:56,119 --> 04:24:59,956
INFLAMMATION IN GENERAL AND ALSO

5332
04:24:59,956 --> 04:25:01,725
ENDOTHELIAL CELL INFLAMMATION 

5333
04:25:01,725 --> 04:25:02,693
THIS RESULTS IN ENDOTHELIAL 

5334
04:25:02,693 --> 04:25:04,361
DYSFUNCTION AND THAT IS KNOWN TO

5335
04:25:04,361 --> 04:25:06,363
BE A KEY STEP IN THE DEVELOPMENT

5336
04:25:06,363 --> 04:25:06,930
AND PROGRESSION OF 

5337
04:25:06,930 --> 04:25:11,635
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

5338
04:25:11,635 --> 04:25:15,338
SO IN MODEL ORG FIXES SLEEP 

5339
04:25:15,338 --> 04:25:16,673
RESTRICTION INFECTIOUSES 

5340
04:25:16,673 --> 04:25:22,846
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND UPREGULATES

5341
04:25:22,846 --> 04:25:33,256
RESPONSE AND EXPERIMENTAL ORGAN 

5342
04:25:33,256 --> 04:25:43,767
EXPRESSION SHOWS MIXED RESULT.

5343
04:25:43,767 --> 04:25:50,774
SO WE ASKED DOES MILD CHRONIC 

5344
04:25:50,774 --> 04:25:54,311
SLEEP RESTRICTION OR CURTAILMENT

5345
04:25:54,311 --> 04:25:56,613
AFFECT ENDOTHELIAL OXIDATIVE 

5346
04:25:56,613 --> 04:25:57,881
STRESS AND OXIDATIVE RESPONSE 

5347
04:25:57,881 --> 04:25:59,716
AND OXYGEN?

5348
04:25:59,716 --> 04:26:02,686
WE WANTED TO STUDY THAT DIRECTLY

5349
04:26:02,686 --> 04:26:03,520
IN THE ENDOTHELIAL.

5350
04:26:03,520 --> 04:26:06,656
WE DEVELOPED METHODS TO HARVEST 

5351
04:26:06,656 --> 04:26:07,657
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM PEOPLE.

5352
04:26:07,657 --> 04:26:12,095
THIS IS MINIMALLY INVASIVE OUT 

5353
04:26:12,095 --> 04:26:13,663
PATIENT PROCEDURE WHERE WE LOOK 

5354
04:26:13,663 --> 04:26:16,933
AT VASCULAR WIRES AND ABLE TO 

5355
04:26:16,933 --> 04:26:17,567
RETRIEVE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THIS 

5356
04:26:17,567 --> 04:26:26,710
WAY.

5357
04:26:26,710 --> 04:26:34,851
WE FIRST LOOKED AT WOMEN AND THE

5358
04:26:34,851 --> 04:26:36,820
RATIONALE IS THAT WOMEN REPORT 

5359
04:26:36,820 --> 04:26:41,691
SLEEP DISTURBANCES MORE OFTEN 

5360
04:26:41,691 --> 04:26:44,394
THEN MEN INCLUDING IN MULTIPLE 

5361
04:26:44,394 --> 04:26:45,929
SURVEYS SLEEP A FEW MINUTES 

5362
04:26:45,929 --> 04:26:47,430
LONGER THAN MEN HOWEVER WE LIKE 

5363
04:26:47,430 --> 04:26:50,167
TO COMPLAIN MORE ABOUT IT.

5364
04:26:50,167 --> 04:26:52,736
WOMEN HAVE MORE PRONOUNCED 

5365
04:26:52,736 --> 04:26:53,603
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SLEEP 

5366
04:26:53,603 --> 04:26:55,972
RESTRICTION COMPARED TO MEN AND 

5367
04:26:55,972 --> 04:26:56,907
HAVE A GREATER CARDIOVASCULAR 

5368
04:26:56,907 --> 04:26:59,709
RISK ASSOCIATED WITH 

5369
04:26:59,709 --> 04:27:02,145
INSUFFICIENT SLEEP THAN MEN.

5370
04:27:02,145 --> 04:27:03,580
THAT'S WHY WE FIRST DECIDED TO 

5371
04:27:03,580 --> 04:27:04,681
STUDY WOMEN TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S

5372
04:27:04,681 --> 04:27:08,819
GOING ON.

5373
04:27:08,819 --> 04:27:12,255
WE RANDOMIZED WOMEN WITHOUT 

5374
04:27:12,255 --> 04:27:14,357
TAKING SUPPLEMENT AGE BETWEEN 20

5375
04:27:14,357 --> 04:27:16,226
AND 65.

5376
04:27:16,226 --> 04:27:17,794
PREDOMINANTLY EARLY MIDDLE AGE 

5377
04:27:17,794 --> 04:27:22,899
AND RANDOMIZED THEM AND THEY HAD

5378
04:27:22,899 --> 04:27:25,735
TO HAVE BASELINE NORMAL SLEEP 

5379
04:27:25,735 --> 04:27:27,904
DURATION AS DEFINED BY SEVEN TO 

5380
04:27:27,904 --> 04:27:32,843
EIGHT HOURS AND CONFIRMED BY 

5381
04:27:32,843 --> 04:27:34,377
SCREENING.

5382
04:27:34,377 --> 04:27:44,921
WE RANDOMIZED TO THEIR HABITUAL 

5383
04:27:48,458 --> 04:27:51,494
SLEEP AND WE TOLD THEM TO GO TO 

5384
04:27:51,494 --> 04:27:54,231
BED ONE AND A HALF HOURS LATER 

5385
04:27:54,231 --> 04:27:58,368
THAN THEIR HABITUAL SLEEP TIME 

5386
04:27:58,368 --> 04:28:03,707
WHICH WAS DETERMINED 37-- 

5387
04:28:03,707 --> 04:28:04,708
DETERMINED.

5388
04:28:04,708 --> 04:28:07,410
WE FOUND THAT IN THEIR 

5389
04:28:07,410 --> 04:28:08,712
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OXIDATIVE 

5390
04:28:08,712 --> 04:28:10,146
STRESS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY 

5391
04:28:10,146 --> 04:28:16,353
INCREASED OF THE SIX WEEKS OF 

5392
04:28:16,353 --> 04:28:17,354
SLEEP RESTRICTION.

5393
04:28:17,354 --> 04:28:22,425
THE SLEEP DURATION WAS 

5394
04:28:22,425 --> 04:28:22,893
OBJECTIVELY MONITORED 

5395
04:28:22,893 --> 04:28:29,266
THROUGHOUT.

5396
04:28:29,266 --> 04:28:37,774
HOWEVER, TO OUR SURPRISE AND 

5397
04:28:37,774 --> 04:28:41,378
HERE I'M PRESENTING AND THERE 

5398
04:28:41,378 --> 04:28:45,382
WAS NO UPREGULATION DESPITE THE 

5399
04:28:45,382 --> 04:28:55,892
INCREASE IN OX DATIVE STRESS.

5400
04:28:58,795 --> 04:29:06,369
AND THIS HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED TO 

5401
04:29:06,369 --> 04:29:12,809
STUDY WHICH ORGANISMS WHICH ARE 

5402
04:29:12,809 --> 04:29:14,978
USEFUL TO DELINEATE CERTAIN 

5403
04:29:14,978 --> 04:29:16,079
PROCESSES.

5404
04:29:16,079 --> 04:29:20,250
WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?

5405
04:29:20,250 --> 04:29:23,620
WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE PATHWAYS 

5406
04:29:23,620 --> 04:29:25,021
AFFECTED.

5407
04:29:25,021 --> 04:29:29,492
NOT MODEL ORGANISM ANTIOXIDANT 

5408
04:29:29,492 --> 04:29:31,194
RESPONSES ARE REGULATED AFTER 

5409
04:29:31,194 --> 04:29:33,129
SLEEP RESTRICTION ARE AND YOU 

5410
04:29:33,129 --> 04:29:36,733
SEE IT HAS A TERRIBLY UNWIELDY 

5411
04:29:36,733 --> 04:29:40,603
NAME AND THIS IS A RE-DUX 

5412
04:29:40,603 --> 04:29:42,005
SENSITIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 

5413
04:29:42,005 --> 04:29:45,141
KEPT IN THE LATE STATE THROUGH 

5414
04:29:45,141 --> 04:29:50,380
THE INTERACTION WITH THE LIGASE 

5415
04:29:50,380 --> 04:29:51,715
COMPLEX UNDERGOING DEGRADATION 

5416
04:29:51,715 --> 04:30:01,024
AT ALL TIMES-THINK OF IT AS NF 

5417
04:30:01,024 --> 04:30:11,568
KAPPA BETA 3 AND THIS LIGASE IS 

5418
04:30:14,204 --> 04:30:19,109
INACTIVATED.

5419
04:30:19,109 --> 04:30:23,246
IT TRANS LOCATES BINDING TO 

5420
04:30:23,246 --> 04:30:26,383
ELEMENTS AND ACTIVATED 

5421
04:30:26,383 --> 04:30:36,926
ANTIOXIDANT GENES AND RESPONSES.

5422
04:30:45,902 --> 04:30:49,539
AND IT COUNTER ACTS INEFFICIENT 

5423
04:30:49,539 --> 04:30:49,739
SLEEP.

5424
04:30:49,739 --> 04:31:00,216
CAN CLICK A FEW MORE TIMES.

5425
04:31:02,552 --> 04:31:04,354
AND THIS IS TRANS LOCATED INTO 

5426
04:31:04,354 --> 04:31:07,023
THE NUCLEUS BUT WE LOOKED AT THE

5427
04:31:07,023 --> 04:31:08,191
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND THERE WAS 

5428
04:31:08,191 --> 04:31:09,859
NONE IN THE NUCLEUS WHATSOEVER.

5429
04:31:09,859 --> 04:31:13,029
AT THE SAME TIME, THE mRNA AND 

5430
04:31:13,029 --> 04:31:14,130
PROTEIN WAS SIMILAR.

5431
04:31:14,130 --> 04:31:15,698
THAT'S NOT THE CAUSE.

5432
04:31:15,698 --> 04:31:22,005
AND HERE ON THE RIGHT SIDE WE 

5433
04:31:22,005 --> 04:31:23,540
LOOKED AT THE WHERE IT'S HIDING 

5434
04:31:23,540 --> 04:31:26,209
IF IT'S NOT IN THE NUCLEUS.

5435
04:31:26,209 --> 04:31:30,380
IT'S RETAINED AS INDICATED BY 

5436
04:31:30,380 --> 04:31:34,350
THE INCREASED CO-LOCALIZATION.

5437
04:31:34,350 --> 04:31:44,627
IT'S REPRESSOR.

5438
04:31:47,330 --> 04:31:49,299
THIS DOESN'T GO IN THE NUCLEUS 

5439
04:31:49,299 --> 04:31:50,834
AND ACTIVATE THE GENES.

5440
04:31:50,834 --> 04:31:54,504
SO WE WONDER WHY IS THIS 

5441
04:31:54,504 --> 04:31:54,771
HAPPENING?

5442
04:31:54,771 --> 04:31:57,640
WHAT DOES MILD SLEEP RESTRICTION

5443
04:31:57,640 --> 04:32:00,610
HAVE TO DO WITH THIS?

5444
04:32:00,610 --> 04:32:04,047
WE TOOK AN UNBIASSED APPROACH 

5445
04:32:04,047 --> 04:32:07,450
AND LOOKED AT THE UNHARVESTED 

5446
04:32:07,450 --> 04:32:09,452
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND FOUND THAT

5447
04:32:09,452 --> 04:32:11,421
13 GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY 

5448
04:32:11,421 --> 04:32:11,688
EXPRESSED.

5449
04:32:11,688 --> 04:32:13,456
THOSE IN GREEN DOWN REGULATED 

5450
04:32:13,456 --> 04:32:16,426
AND IN RED WERE UPREGULATED.

5451
04:32:16,426 --> 04:32:18,995
WE LOOKED AT PROTEIN PRODUCT FOR

5452
04:32:18,995 --> 04:32:25,034
EACH OF THE GENES USING 

5453
04:32:25,034 --> 04:32:28,204
PREDICTED PROTEIN INTERACTION 

5454
04:32:28,204 --> 04:32:29,973
ALGORITHM AND WE LOOKED 

5455
04:32:29,973 --> 04:32:31,374
SPECIFICALLY WHETHER ANY OF 

5456
04:32:31,374 --> 04:32:37,680
THESE 13 GENES BINDS TO ANY PART

5457
04:32:37,680 --> 04:32:46,156
OF THIS UBIQUINATION PROCESS AND

5458
04:32:46,156 --> 04:32:46,990
INTERESTI

5459
04:32:46,990 --> 04:32:48,992
INTERESTINGLY THE DOMAIN 

5460
04:32:48,992 --> 04:32:54,130
CONTAINING 3 WAS A TOP HIT FOR 

5461
04:32:54,130 --> 04:33:01,004
BINDING TO A MAJOR REPRESSOR OF 

5462
04:33:01,004 --> 04:33:01,504
NRF2.

5463
04:33:01,504 --> 04:33:03,806
WE FOUND IN RNA SEQ IT WAS DOWN 

5464
04:33:03,806 --> 04:33:06,376
REGULATED AND CONFIRMED THAT 

5465
04:33:06,376 --> 04:33:08,912
WITH RTPCR.

5466
04:33:08,912 --> 04:33:11,181
IT'S DOWN AFTER SLEEP 

5467
04:33:11,181 --> 04:33:12,182
RESTRICTION.

5468
04:33:12,182 --> 04:33:13,316
WHAT DOES THIS DO?

5469
04:33:13,316 --> 04:33:15,185
THERE'S A TOTAL OF SIX PAPERS 

5470
04:33:15,185 --> 04:33:21,291
ABOUT IT AND IN THE 

5471
04:33:21,291 --> 04:33:23,960
NON-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IT BINDS 

5472
04:33:23,960 --> 04:33:25,261
AND SUPPRESSES TOWARDS THE 

5473
04:33:25,261 --> 04:33:31,067
PLASMA MEMBRANE AND 

5474
04:33:31,067 --> 04:33:34,370
DISASSOCIATES WITH NRF2 COMPLEX 

5475
04:33:34,370 --> 04:33:37,807
AND FACILITATES THE ACCUMULATION

5476
04:33:37,807 --> 04:33:42,478
AND STOPS BEING DEGRADED IN THE 

5477
04:33:42,478 --> 04:33:44,914
PROTEASOME AND TRANS LOCATE AND 

5478
04:33:44,914 --> 04:33:48,985
INITIATE ACTIVATION OF 

5479
04:33:48,985 --> 04:33:49,986
ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE.

5480
04:33:49,986 --> 04:33:52,689
THIS WAS DOWN REGULATING.

5481
04:33:52,689 --> 04:33:53,323
SUGGESTING THAT IT MAY PLAY A 

5482
04:33:53,323 --> 04:34:03,666
ROLE IN THE PROCESS.

5483
04:34:05,134 --> 04:34:08,338
SO, FIRST WE FOUND THAT THIS IS 

5484
04:34:08,338 --> 04:34:09,239
DOWN AND PULLING LESS TOWARDS 

5485
04:34:09,239 --> 04:34:11,741
THE PLASMA MOMENT BRAIN.

5486
04:34:11,741 --> 04:34:14,377
THIS WAS PUBLISHED IN A CARTOON 

5487
04:34:14,377 --> 04:34:17,580
IN THE INTEREST OF TIME AND THIS

5488
04:34:17,580 --> 04:34:25,455
ALLOWS FOR DEGRADATION AND 

5489
04:34:25,455 --> 04:34:27,757
DOESN'T ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE OR 

5490
04:34:27,757 --> 04:34:34,664
BLOCK OXIDATIVE STRESS.

5491
04:34:34,664 --> 04:34:37,066
WE DIDN'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT AND

5492
04:34:37,066 --> 04:34:40,770
WE INVESTIGATED WHAT REGULATES 

5493
04:34:40,770 --> 04:34:42,338
THIS AND IT TURNS OUT IT'S 

5494
04:34:42,338 --> 04:34:43,072
CALLED SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR 

5495
04:34:43,072 --> 04:34:46,342
WHICH IS IS NOT IN THE SERUM, 

5496
04:34:46,342 --> 04:34:50,446
IT'S INTRACELLULAR TRANSCRIPTION

5497
04:34:50,446 --> 04:34:52,882
FACTOR WHICH BINDS TO THE 

5498
04:34:52,882 --> 04:34:56,452
ELEMENT AND IN FACT THAT'S HOW 

5499
04:34:56,452 --> 04:34:58,821
IT WAS FIRST DISCOVERED AS A 

5500
04:34:58,821 --> 04:35:03,493
TARGET OF SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR.

5501
04:35:03,493 --> 04:35:09,098
SO WE INTERROGATED WHETHER IT 

5502
04:35:09,098 --> 04:35:10,967
WAS UP REGULATED OR DOWN 

5503
04:35:10,967 --> 04:35:12,502
REGULATED AFTER SLEEP 

5504
04:35:12,502 --> 04:35:13,136
RESTRICTION COMPARED TO ADEQUATE

5505
04:35:13,136 --> 04:35:18,875
SLEEP.

5506
04:35:18,875 --> 04:35:21,044
SO WHAT IS THIS SERUM RESPONSE 

5507
04:35:21,044 --> 04:35:22,845
FACTOR DOING ACTUALLY?

5508
04:35:22,845 --> 04:35:25,581
THIS IS VERY INTERESTING BECAUSE

5509
04:35:25,581 --> 04:35:30,086
RECENTLY THE TRANSCRIPTION 

5510
04:35:30,086 --> 04:35:33,256
FACTOR THAT PRIMES CEREBRAL 

5511
04:35:33,256 --> 04:35:34,290
CORTEX RESPONSE TO SLEEP 

5512
04:35:34,290 --> 04:35:35,958
RESTRICTION IN MICE AND YOU MAY 

5513
04:35:35,958 --> 04:35:41,497
KNOW IT BETTER UNDER ITS NAME 

5514
04:35:41,497 --> 04:35:44,767
BLISTER AND IT BLAZE A KEY ROLE 

5515
04:35:44,767 --> 04:35:48,171
IN ACTIVITY DEPENDENT MODULATION

5516
04:35:48,171 --> 04:35:49,339
OF SYNAPTIC STRENGTH AND 

5517
04:35:49,339 --> 04:35:51,441
REQUIRED TO INCREASE SLEEP 

5518
04:35:51,441 --> 04:35:52,875
DURATION OF THE SOCIAL ENRIPMENT

5519
04:35:52,875 --> 04:35:55,011
AND HAVE NORMAL RESPONSE.

5520
04:35:55,011 --> 04:35:58,147
AND THE EXPRESSION OF THIS SERUM

5521
04:35:58,147 --> 04:35:59,582
RESPONSE FACTOR FOLLOWS THE 

5522
04:35:59,582 --> 04:36:03,986
CIRCADIAN PATTERN AND AFTER 

5523
04:36:03,986 --> 04:36:05,722
SHORT-TERM SLEEP RESTRICTION IN 

5524
04:36:05,722 --> 04:36:08,257
MICE THE DAYTIME ABUNDANCE IS 

5525
04:36:08,257 --> 04:36:09,192
REDUCED AND THAT RESEARCHEDS 

5526
04:36:09,192 --> 04:36:12,095
WITH THE HARVESTING OF 

5527
04:36:12,095 --> 04:36:14,063
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN OUR 

5528
04:36:14,063 --> 04:36:15,465
PARTICIPANTS.

5529
04:36:15,465 --> 04:36:17,633
THIS STILL DOESN'T EXPLAIN WHY 

5530
04:36:17,633 --> 04:36:18,334
MILD SLEEP RESTRICTION WOULD 

5531
04:36:18,334 --> 04:36:22,171
MOVE THIS.

5532
04:36:22,171 --> 04:36:26,008
IT'S INTERESTING THE ACTION OF 

5533
04:36:26,008 --> 04:36:27,744
SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR UPON 

5534
04:36:27,744 --> 04:36:31,581
BINDING TO SERUM RESPONSE 

5535
04:36:31,581 --> 04:36:33,716
ELEMENT LIKE THIS REQUIRES 

5536
04:36:33,716 --> 04:36:37,954
PRESENCE OF GROWTH MORE  

5537
04:36:37,954 --> 04:36:38,788
HORMONE.

5538
04:36:38,788 --> 04:36:40,089
THIS IS INTERESTING BECAUSE 

5539
04:36:40,089 --> 04:36:42,358
DELAYING BED TIME IN THE SHORT 

5540
04:36:42,358 --> 04:36:45,061
TERM STUDIES OF SLEEP 

5541
04:36:45,061 --> 04:36:49,232
DEPRIVATION WAS SHEN TO BLUNT 

5542
04:36:49,232 --> 04:36:52,335
THIS RELEASE OF GROWTH HORMONE 

5543
04:36:52,335 --> 04:36:53,903
IN MEN AND WOMEN THOUGH WOMEN 

5544
04:36:53,903 --> 04:36:58,040
HAD MORE BLUNTED PEAKS BUT BOTH 

5545
04:36:58,040 --> 04:37:02,378
SEXES HAVE HIGH SPEED BETWEEN 

5546
04:37:02,378 --> 04:37:12,922
11:00 P.M. AND 2:00 A.M. AND WE 

5547
04:37:15,158 --> 04:37:17,627
WORKED ON THIS IN A CARTOON FORM

5548
04:37:17,627 --> 04:37:21,230
IN THE INTEREST OF TIME YOU CAN 

5549
04:37:21,230 --> 04:37:23,766
CLICK ON THE NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.

5550
04:37:23,766 --> 04:37:33,709
>> YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES.

5551
04:37:33,709 --> 04:37:35,445
THIS IS A SUMMARY OF WHAT IS 

5552
04:37:35,445 --> 04:37:40,616
DESCRIBED SO FAR.

5553
04:37:40,616 --> 04:37:43,486
IN SLEEP RESTRICTION IF YOU 

5554
04:37:43,486 --> 04:37:44,687
DELAY BED TIME THERE'S A 

5555
04:37:44,687 --> 04:37:48,391
REDUCTION IN THE RELEASE OF 

5556
04:37:48,391 --> 04:37:53,596
GROWTH HORMONE WHICH REDUCES THE

5557
04:37:53,596 --> 04:37:55,064
REACTION OF SERUM RESPONSE 

5558
04:37:55,064 --> 04:37:58,768
FACTOR AND DOWN STREAM IT 

5559
04:37:58,768 --> 04:38:01,771
REDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF THIS 

5560
04:38:01,771 --> 04:38:03,439
WHICH DOES NOT GO TOWARDS THE 

5561
04:38:03,439 --> 04:38:05,274
PLASMA MEMBRANE.

5562
04:38:05,274 --> 04:38:09,579
IT LEAVES IT IN A COMPLEX 

5563
04:38:09,579 --> 04:38:11,514
UNDERGOING DEGRADATION AND DOES 

5564
04:38:11,514 --> 04:38:14,984
NOT TRANS LOCATE TO THE NUCLEUS 

5565
04:38:14,984 --> 04:38:17,253
AND DOES NOT ACTIVATE ANTIOX 

5566
04:38:17,253 --> 04:38:20,389
DISTANT RESPONSES AND OXIDATIVE 

5567
04:38:20,389 --> 04:38:30,666
STRESS REMAINS.

5568
04:38:44,180 --> 04:38:47,283
MELATONIN PREVENTS AUTOSOMAL 

5569
04:38:47,283 --> 04:38:57,493
DEGRADATION.

5570
04:39:13,142 --> 04:39:16,312
A

5571
04:39:16,312 --> 04:39:18,381
AND ENDOTHELIAL MOTOR TONE IS 

5572
04:39:18,381 --> 04:39:18,848
REDUCED.

5573
04:39:18,848 --> 04:39:19,482
REMEMBER, THESE ARE COMPLETELY 

5574
04:39:19,482 --> 04:39:24,487
HEALTHY WOMEN.

5575
04:39:24,487 --> 04:39:26,355
THEY JUST SLEPT A LITTLE LESS 

5576
04:39:26,355 --> 04:39:31,227
AND WE LOOKED AT THE 

5577
04:39:31,227 --> 04:39:33,029
INFLAMMATION BY THE NUCLEAR 

5578
04:39:33,029 --> 04:39:34,196
TRANS LOCATION AND FOUND IT'S 

5579
04:39:34,196 --> 04:39:36,032
INCREASED AFTER THE MILD SLEEP 

5580
04:39:36,032 --> 04:39:37,066
RESTRICTION COMPARED IT ADEQUATE

5581
04:39:37,066 --> 04:39:47,176
SLEEP.

5582
04:39:49,145 --> 04:39:50,346
THERE'S ACTIVATORS INSISTENCE 

5583
04:39:50,346 --> 04:39:52,648
AND THEY WERE TESTED IN PATIENTS

5584
04:39:52,648 --> 04:39:56,218
WITH DIABETES BECAUSE IT WAS 

5585
04:39:56,218 --> 04:39:58,354
SHOWN IN THE DIABETIC MICE THE 

5586
04:39:58,354 --> 04:40:04,193
ACTIVATOR ATTENUATES 

5587
04:40:04,193 --> 04:40:06,295
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND 

5588
04:40:06,295 --> 04:40:07,029
ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES 

5589
04:40:07,029 --> 04:40:09,832
CORRELATES BUT IN THE TWO TRIALS

5590
04:40:09,832 --> 04:40:11,167
PUBLISHED IN THE NEW ENGLAND 

5591
04:40:11,167 --> 04:40:14,370
JOURNAL IT DID IMPROVE 

5592
04:40:14,370 --> 04:40:15,404
ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN BUT HAD A

5593
04:40:15,404 --> 04:40:22,945
VERY POOR SAFETY PROFILE.

5594
04:40:22,945 --> 04:40:25,481
AND HAS TO BE USED AND ANOTHER 

5595
04:40:25,481 --> 04:40:27,617
INTEREST THING IS GROWTH HORMONE

5596
04:40:27,617 --> 04:40:30,052
SHOWN TO UPREGULATE AND REVERSES

5597
04:40:30,052 --> 04:40:31,887
THE NEGATIVE PROCESS.

5598
04:40:31,887 --> 04:40:33,089
I'M NOT SUGGESTING TO START 

5599
04:40:33,089 --> 04:40:41,130
USING GROWTH HORMONE BUT SOME 

5600
04:40:41,130 --> 04:40:45,701
COMPONENTS THE AND MELATONIN 

5601
04:40:45,701 --> 04:40:48,270
WITH A GOOD SAFETY PROFILE.

5602
04:40:48,270 --> 04:40:50,539
AND WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE 

5603
04:40:50,539 --> 04:40:51,674
MELATONIN PROFILE AND WHETHER IT

5604
04:40:51,674 --> 04:41:02,084
CAN RECTIFY THE CHANGES.

5605
04:41:12,194 --> 04:41:15,831
AND MILE SLEEP DISTURBANCE MAY 

5606
04:41:15,831 --> 04:41:16,565
OVERTIME INCREASE CARDIOVASCULAR

5607
04:41:16,565 --> 04:41:19,568
RISK AND SHOULD NOT ONLY ASK 

5608
04:41:19,568 --> 04:41:22,371
ABOUT SLEEP QUANTITY BUT QUALITY

5609
04:41:22,371 --> 04:41:23,673
AND CONSULT INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR

5610
04:41:23,673 --> 04:41:26,342
HEALTH CARE ENCOUNTER ABOUT THE 

5611
04:41:26,342 --> 04:41:28,911
IMPORTANCE OF ADEQUATE SLEEP 

5612
04:41:28,911 --> 04:41:29,612
DURATION FOR THE CARDIOVASCULAR 

5613
04:41:29,612 --> 04:41:33,315
HEALTH NOW THAT WE HAVE ACTUALLY

5614
04:41:33,315 --> 04:41:33,849
THESE CAUSAL BIOLOGICAL 

5615
04:41:33,849 --> 04:41:41,724
EVIDENCE.

5616
04:41:41,724 --> 04:41:46,028
I'LL ACKNOWLEDGE MY LAB AND MY 

5617
04:41:46,028 --> 04:41:54,804
COLLABORATORS AND BROOKE AND 

5618
04:41:54,804 --> 04:41:55,071
FUNDERS.

5619
04:41:55,071 --> 04:42:03,479
>> NOW DR. FILIF SWIRSKI
TALKING

5620
04:42:03,479 --> 04:42:05,347
ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF SLEEP ON 

5621
04:42:05,347 --> 04:42:06,048
BRAIN-BODY COMMUNICATIONS.

5622
04:42:06,048 --> 04:42:08,184
>> THANK YOU, BROOKE.

5623
04:42:08,184 --> 04:42:11,153
GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE.

5624
04:42:11,153 --> 04:42:12,855
I WOULD LIKE TO IN THE TO 

5625
04:42:12,855 --> 04:42:17,960
MINUTES I HAVE INTRODUCE ANOTHER

5626
04:42:17,960 --> 04:42:28,504
PROCESS WE STUDY THE EFFECTS OF 

5627
04:42:36,278 --> 04:42:41,383
VARIOUS EXPOSOMES ON THE 

5628
04:42:41,383 --> 04:42:42,585
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN GENERAL

5629
04:42:42,585 --> 04:42:45,855
AND SPECIFICALLY IN THE LAST 

5630
04:42:45,855 --> 04:42:48,858
SEVERAL YEARS ON BRAIN BODY 

5631
04:42:48,858 --> 04:42:49,191
COMMUNICATION.

5632
04:42:49,191 --> 04:42:52,094
HOW DO PERSONAL EXPOSOMES SUCH 

5633
04:42:52,094 --> 04:42:54,363
AS EXERCISE, DIET, STRESS AND 

5634
04:42:54,363 --> 04:42:55,431
MORE GENERAL EXPOSOMES OVER 

5635
04:42:55,431 --> 04:42:59,235
WHICH WE HAVE LESS CONTROL LIKE 

5636
04:42:59,235 --> 04:43:01,537
POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE OR THE

5637
04:43:01,537 --> 04:43:02,671
ENVIRONMENT SHAPE BRAIN BODY 

5638
04:43:02,671 --> 04:43:03,672
COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF 

5639
04:43:03,672 --> 04:43:04,206
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 

5640
04:43:04,206 --> 04:43:13,015
DISEASE.

5641
04:43:13,015 --> 04:43:17,186
THE PROCESS WE'VE BEEN 

5642
04:43:17,186 --> 04:43:19,188
INTERESTED IN STUDYING OVER A 

5643
04:43:19,188 --> 04:43:21,157
NUMBER OF YEARS AND IS RELEVANT 

5644
04:43:21,157 --> 04:43:24,260
FOR CONVERSATIONS WE'RE HAVING 

5645
04:43:24,260 --> 04:43:24,994
TODAY PERTAINING TO 

5646
04:43:24,994 --> 04:43:27,830
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH, 

5647
04:43:27,830 --> 04:43:32,935
RESILIENCE AND SLEEP IS 

5648
04:43:32,935 --> 04:43:33,269
HEMATOPOIESIS.

5649
04:43:33,269 --> 04:43:36,372
THE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNE CELLS 

5650
04:43:36,372 --> 04:43:38,507
WHICH OCCURS PREDOMINANTLY BUT 

5651
04:43:38,507 --> 04:43:39,775
NOTE EXCLUSIVELY IN THE BONE 

5652
04:43:39,775 --> 04:43:40,075
MARROW.

5653
04:43:40,075 --> 04:43:41,076
THE REASON IT'S IMPORTANT AND 

5654
04:43:41,076 --> 04:43:51,453
INTERESTING TO US AND 

5655
04:43:54,623 --> 04:43:55,858
ATHEROSCLEROSIS OR THE 

5656
04:43:55,858 --> 04:43:58,460
COMPLICATIONS DEPENDS ON AND IS 

5657
04:43:58,460 --> 04:44:05,401
DRIVEN BY ACCUMULATION OF 

5658
04:44:05,401 --> 04:44:10,339
LEUKOCYTES AND DRIVEN BY THE 

5659
04:44:10,339 --> 04:44:13,108
INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND 

5660
04:44:13,108 --> 04:44:18,347
MYELOPOIESIS IN THE BONE MARROW 

5661
04:44:18,347 --> 04:44:24,119
IS THE OTHER -- ORIGINATION OF 

5662
04:44:24,119 --> 04:44:25,120
WHAT WE CALL INFLAMMATION AND 

5663
04:44:25,120 --> 04:44:27,456
THAT GOES BACK TO SOME OF THE 

5664
04:44:27,456 --> 04:44:28,023
EARLIER DISCUSSIONS ABOUT 

5665
04:44:28,023 --> 04:44:36,365
SCALES.

5666
04:44:36,365 --> 04:44:37,766
AND INVOLVES INFLAMMATORY CELLS.

5667
04:44:37,766 --> 04:44:43,672
MANY ARE NEUTROPHILS AND 

5668
04:44:43,672 --> 04:44:49,111
PRODUCED IN THE BONE MARROW.

5669
04:44:49,111 --> 04:44:50,512
WE THINK STUDYING THE PROCESS IN

5670
04:44:50,512 --> 04:44:55,117
THE BONE MARROW AND 

5671
04:44:55,117 --> 04:44:58,454
UNDERSTANDING HOW IT'S 

5672
04:44:58,454 --> 04:45:00,956
CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH OF 

5673
04:45:00,956 --> 04:45:01,957
LESIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

5674
04:45:01,957 --> 04:45:04,093
AND DISEASE IN GENERAL IS 

5675
04:45:04,093 --> 04:45:04,360
IMPORTANT.

5676
04:45:04,360 --> 04:45:06,228
SO HERE ARE SOME OF THE SPECIFIC

5677
04:45:06,228 --> 04:45:10,799
LIFESTYLE FACTORS WE HAVE 

5678
04:45:10,799 --> 04:45:11,834
STUDIED AND TO BETTER UNDERSTAND

5679
04:45:11,834 --> 04:45:13,269
THE PROCESS AND THE ONE OF 

5680
04:45:13,269 --> 04:45:20,075
COURSE THAT IS A SUBJECT OF 

5681
04:45:20,075 --> 04:45:30,185
TODAY.

5682
04:45:33,155 --> 04:45:35,090
AND WE'RE NOT GETTING ENOUGH 

5683
04:45:35,090 --> 04:45:35,925
SLEEP.

5684
04:45:35,925 --> 04:45:38,794
AND WE SHOULD BE GETTING 

5685
04:45:38,794 --> 04:45:44,533
FORESLEEP  -- MORE SLEEP IN THE 

5686
04:45:44,533 --> 04:45:48,470
CONTEXT OF SLEEP APNEA OR IN THE

5687
04:45:48,470 --> 04:45:50,372
CONTEXT OF SLEEP FRAGMENTATION 

5688
04:45:50,372 --> 04:45:54,610
ELEVATES RISKS FOR THE 

5689
04:45:54,610 --> 04:45:56,879
PROFESSORS OF MYOCARDY 

5690
04:45:56,879 --> 04:45:59,014
INFARCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

5691
04:45:59,014 --> 04:45:59,248
DISEASE.

5692
04:45:59,248 --> 04:46:02,551
WE HEARD THIS FROM A NUMBER OF 

5693
04:46:02,551 --> 04:46:04,720
TALKS TODAY THAT SLEEP ELEVATES 

5694
04:46:04,720 --> 04:46:05,821
RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

5695
04:46:05,821 --> 04:46:07,656
IN THE NUMEROUS STUDY.

5696
04:46:07,656 --> 04:46:09,491
SOME LARGE AND SOME SMALL 

5697
04:46:09,491 --> 04:46:10,926
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES THAT HAVE 

5698
04:46:10,926 --> 04:46:13,796
SHOWN THIS IS THE CASE AND 

5699
04:46:13,796 --> 04:46:16,765
DEMONSTRATED FOR EXAMPLE THE 

5700
04:46:16,765 --> 04:46:18,334
INTERRUPTION OR FRAGMENTATION 

5701
04:46:18,334 --> 04:46:22,071
INCREASE THE SIZES OF 

5702
04:46:22,071 --> 04:46:24,006
ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE.

5703
04:46:24,006 --> 04:46:26,909
WE RECOGNIZE THE UNDERLYING 

5704
04:46:26,909 --> 04:46:32,147
BIOLOGY REMAINS POORLY 

5705
04:46:32,147 --> 04:46:36,819
UNDERSTOOD AND THIS IS VERY MUCH

5706
04:46:36,819 --> 04:46:42,825
AND MANY OF WHAT WE DO IN THE 

5707
04:46:42,825 --> 04:46:52,935
LAB IS USED AND WE UTILIZED 

5708
04:46:52,935 --> 04:46:57,139
SLEEP FRAGMENTATION WHERE MICE 

5709
04:46:57,139 --> 04:46:59,708
SLEEP IN A CAGE WITH A SLEEP BAR

5710
04:46:59,708 --> 04:47:01,043
THAT INTERRUPTS THEIR SLEEP AT 

5711
04:47:01,043 --> 04:47:06,582
DEFINED INTERVALS.

5712
04:47:06,582 --> 04:47:10,986
WE CAN GO NEXT AGAIN AND THIS 

5713
04:47:10,986 --> 04:47:15,491
ALLOWS US TO TRACK SLEEP 

5714
04:47:15,491 --> 04:47:17,960
FRAGMENTATION AND LOOK AT AWAKE 

5715
04:47:17,960 --> 04:47:19,294
BOUTS AND VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF 

5716
04:47:19,294 --> 04:47:20,329
SLEEP ARCHITECTURE.

5717
04:47:20,329 --> 04:47:24,867
THE WORK WAS DONE BY A FORMER 

5718
04:47:24,867 --> 04:47:26,535
POSTDOC A PROCESS IN THE LAB AT 

5719
04:47:26,535 --> 04:47:27,136
THE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 

5720
04:47:27,136 --> 04:47:37,479
INSTITUTE AT SINAI.

5721
04:47:44,853 --> 04:47:45,954
AND SLEEP MODULATE THE IMMUNE 

5722
04:47:45,954 --> 04:47:49,191
SYSTEM WHEN WE PUT THIS TOGETHER

5723
04:47:49,191 --> 04:47:50,826
INVARIABLY WE NEED TO TAKE A 

5724
04:47:50,826 --> 04:48:01,303
TRANS DISCIPLINARY APPROACH.

5725
04:48:07,910 --> 04:48:12,481
AND USE OPTO GGENETIC APPROACHE 

5726
04:48:12,481 --> 04:48:22,491
TO MANIPULATE NEURONS.

5727
04:48:22,491 --> 04:48:23,826
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HAPPENING IN 

5728
04:48:23,826 --> 04:48:30,365
THE BRAIN AND AS WE DISRUPT 

5729
04:48:30,365 --> 04:48:35,938
SLEEP MODULATES HEMATOPOIETIC 

5730
04:48:35,938 --> 04:48:45,848
SYSTEMS AND AND LOOK AT 

5731
04:48:45,848 --> 04:48:49,118
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE WHETHER 

5732
04:48:49,118 --> 04:48:54,356
ATH

5733
04:48:54,356 --> 04:48:58,627
ATHEIR -- ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND 

5734
04:48:58,627 --> 04:49:01,430
THIS IS A CHALLENGE WE'LL 

5735
04:49:01,430 --> 04:49:06,268
DISCUSS AT SOME POINT IN TERMS 

5736
04:49:06,268 --> 04:49:12,808
OF STRUCTURING MECHANISM TO 

5737
04:49:12,808 --> 04:49:15,010
ALLOW FOR TRANS DISCIPLINARY 

5738
04:49:15,010 --> 04:49:16,845
WORK WHERE THERE'S SUFFICIENT 

5739
04:49:16,845 --> 04:49:20,449
EXPERTISE TO LOOK AT AND USE AND

5740
04:49:20,449 --> 04:49:30,359
EVALUATE THE APPROACH.

5741
04:49:30,359 --> 04:49:33,328
AND LOOKING AT THE ROLE OF SLEEP

5742
04:49:33,328 --> 04:49:37,099
ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND LOOKED AT 

5743
04:49:37,099 --> 04:49:41,403
ATHERO SCLEROTIC LESIONS AND 

5744
04:49:41,403 --> 04:49:43,872
OVER TIME AS MICE ARE SUBJECTED 

5745
04:49:43,872 --> 04:49:49,111
TO SLEEP FRAGMENTATION THE 

5746
04:49:49,111 --> 04:49:56,218
ATHEROSCL SCSCLEROTIC LESIONS G 

5747
04:49:56,218 --> 04:49:57,819
ASSOCIATED WITH AGE INCREASED 

5748
04:49:57,819 --> 04:50:00,756
NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY MONOCYTES

5749
04:50:00,756 --> 04:50:03,458
WE CAN RETRIEVE FROM THE BLOOD 

5750
04:50:03,458 --> 04:50:04,326
AND SEE THE NICE CIRCADIAN 

5751
04:50:04,326 --> 04:50:07,296
RHYTHM OVER THE COURSE OF A DAY.

5752
04:50:07,296 --> 04:50:09,298
SOMETHING WE ALREADY DISCUSSED 

5753
04:50:09,298 --> 04:50:13,135
DURING TODAY'S SESSION ABOUT THE

5754
04:50:13,135 --> 04:50:14,836
VARIOUS CIRCADIAN FLUCTUATIONS 

5755
04:50:14,836 --> 04:50:20,676
AND MONOCYTES AND NEUTROPHILS 

5756
04:50:20,676 --> 04:50:22,110
ARE SUBJECT TO THE CIRCADIAN 

5757
04:50:22,110 --> 04:50:23,512
RHYTHMS AND THERE'S TIMES OF DAY

5758
04:50:23,512 --> 04:50:32,588
WHERE WE SEE MORE MONOSITESSS - 

5759
04:50:32,588 --> 04:50:39,428
MONOSITESITE -- MONOCYTES IN TH 

5760
04:50:39,428 --> 04:50:41,997
BLOOD AND FRAGMENTATION INCREASE

5761
04:50:41,997 --> 04:50:46,735
THE AMOUNT OF MONOCYTES IN THE 

5762
04:50:46,735 --> 04:50:48,704
BLOOD AND THEY'RE REQUIRED FOR 

5763
04:50:48,704 --> 04:50:54,376
THE GROWTH OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC 

5764
04:50:54,376 --> 04:51:02,884
LESIONS.

5765
04:51:02,884 --> 04:51:07,022
THIS GOES TO INCREASED PROCESS I

5766
04:51:07,022 --> 04:51:14,296
SPOKE ABOUT EARLIER WE FIND 

5767
04:51:14,296 --> 04:51:18,967
HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS GIVE RISE TO

5768
04:51:18,967 --> 04:51:22,104
MONOCYTES IN HIGHER RATES.

5769
04:51:22,104 --> 04:51:25,107
AND TO SUMMARIZE THIS PART OF 

5770
04:51:25,107 --> 04:51:31,513
THE STORY.

5771
04:51:31,513 --> 04:51:37,352
AND THE LESIONS GROW IN THE 

5772
04:51:37,352 --> 04:51:39,888
LESIONS IN THE BONE MARROW.

5773
04:51:39,888 --> 04:51:44,159
AND IT'S A NEURO PEPTIDE 

5774
04:51:44,159 --> 04:51:44,893
PRODUCED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS 

5775
04:51:44,893 --> 04:51:50,432
THAT ACTS AS A MODULATOR OF 

5776
04:51:50,432 --> 04:51:53,302
HEMATOPOIESIS AND AS A BREAK ON 

5777
04:51:53,302 --> 04:51:55,671
THE PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES 

5778
04:51:55,671 --> 04:52:00,409
BECAUSE IT LIMITS THE 

5779
04:52:00,409 --> 04:52:03,211
AVAILABILITY OF THE FACTOR 1.

5780
04:52:03,211 --> 04:52:03,545
.

5781
04:52:03,545 --> 04:52:06,348
IF WE INTERRUPT SLEEP WHAT WE DO

5782
04:52:06,348 --> 04:52:09,885
IS INTERRUPT THIS NATURAL RHYTHM

5783
04:52:09,885 --> 04:52:13,188
AND DECREASE THE PRODUCTION AND 

5784
04:52:13,188 --> 04:52:19,127
WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT THE 

5785
04:52:19,127 --> 04:52:22,597
BREAKS AND CSF LEVELS RISE AND 

5786
04:52:22,597 --> 04:52:25,200
LEADS TO THE GROWTH OF 

5787
04:52:25,200 --> 04:52:25,967
ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS.

5788
04:52:25,967 --> 04:52:27,936
ONE QUESTION THAT CAME OUT OF 

5789
04:52:27,936 --> 04:52:29,371
THE STUDY WAS HOW LONG LONG 

5790
04:52:29,371 --> 04:52:31,373
LASTING ARE THE EFFECTS?

5791
04:52:31,373 --> 04:52:37,179
WE START TO TOUCH ON THE CONCEPT

5792
04:52:37,179 --> 04:52:44,152
OF RESILIENCE.

5793
04:52:44,152 --> 04:52:46,855
YOU CAN SEE DURING SLEEP 

5794
04:52:46,855 --> 04:52:47,456
FRAGMENTATION THE BOUTS ARE 

5795
04:52:47,456 --> 04:52:50,692
HIGHER BUT TAKES A WHILE.

5796
04:52:50,692 --> 04:52:52,561
IN FACT SEVERAL WEEKS FOR THE 

5797
04:52:52,561 --> 04:52:59,101
MICE TO GO BACK TO THEIR NORMAL 

5798
04:52:59,101 --> 04:52:59,968
BOUTS.

5799
04:52:59,968 --> 04:53:02,104
THERE'S A PROCESS WHERE THEY 

5800
04:53:02,104 --> 04:53:04,139
RETURN BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS.

5801
04:53:04,139 --> 04:53:07,642
WHAT YOU SEE CONTROL MICE, MICE 

5802
04:53:07,642 --> 04:53:11,179
SUBJECTED TO SLEEP FRAGMENTATION

5803
04:53:11,179 --> 04:53:12,681
AND THOSE SUBJECTED TO 

5804
04:53:12,681 --> 04:53:14,916
FRAGMENTATION AND ALLOWED TO 

5805
04:53:14,916 --> 04:53:19,121
RECOVER WE STILL HAVE 

5806
04:53:19,121 --> 04:53:20,989
MONOCYTOSIS IN THE BLOOD AND 

5807
04:53:20,989 --> 04:53:25,026
HAVE PROGENITOR CELLS AND 

5808
04:53:25,026 --> 04:53:28,096
HEIGHTENED PROLIFERATION.

5809
04:53:28,096 --> 04:53:30,365
BUT IF WE WAIT 10 WEEKS ALL OF A

5810
04:53:30,365 --> 04:53:35,971
SUDDEN NOW WE FIND THE PROCESS 

5811
04:53:35,971 --> 04:53:37,105
RETURNED TO HOMEOSTASIS AND 

5812
04:53:37,105 --> 04:53:39,341
THERE'S A PROTRACTED PERIOD 

5813
04:53:39,341 --> 04:53:44,179
WHERE THE CELLS RESPOND STILL 

5814
04:53:44,179 --> 04:53:45,580
SUBJECTED TO SLEEP FRAGMENTATION

5815
04:53:45,580 --> 04:53:49,217
AND AT 10 WEEKS WE SEE MONOCYTE 

5816
04:53:49,217 --> 04:53:51,286
NUMBERS RETURNING TO NORMAL AND 

5817
04:53:51,286 --> 04:53:52,020
PROLIFERATION RETURNING TO 

5818
04:53:52,020 --> 04:53:54,356
NORMAL AND THERE'S A CATCH I'LL 

5819
04:53:54,356 --> 04:54:04,733
RETURN TO IN A MOMENT.

5820
04:54:25,053 --> 04:54:29,124
AND THEY'RE TRANSFERRED TO 

5821
04:54:29,124 --> 04:54:32,527
RECIPIENT MICE AND WE WANT TO 

5822
04:54:32,527 --> 04:54:34,963
TRACK THE TRANSFERRED CELLS TO 

5823
04:54:34,963 --> 04:54:37,232
AN ENVIRONMENT THAT NEVER 

5824
04:54:37,232 --> 04:54:40,502
EXPERIENCE THE FRAGMENTATION AND

5825
04:54:40,502 --> 04:54:43,472
THEN CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE

5826
04:54:43,472 --> 04:54:48,910
FRAGMENTED AND NON-FRAGMENTED 

5827
04:54:48,910 --> 04:54:53,048
EXPERIENCE CELLS AND WE FIND 

5828
04:54:53,048 --> 04:54:58,353
CELLS THAT WERE SORTED FROM MICE

5829
04:54:58,353 --> 04:55:00,255
SUBJECTED TO SLEEP FRAGMENTATION

5830
04:55:00,255 --> 04:55:02,991
CONTINUED TO PROLIFERATE AT A 

5831
04:55:02,991 --> 04:55:03,558
HIGHER RATE EVEN IN THE NEW 

5832
04:55:03,558 --> 04:55:10,932
ENVIRONMENT.

5833
04:55:10,932 --> 04:55:13,101
THERE'S A LONG LASTING AFFECT.

5834
04:55:13,101 --> 04:55:20,342
WE LOOK AT 24 HOURS AFTER THE 

5835
04:55:20,342 --> 04:55:27,282
TRANSFER, THESE CELLS OUTCOMPETE

5836
04:55:27,282 --> 04:55:30,151
THE ONES FROM CONTROL MICE.

5837
04:55:30,151 --> 04:55:35,123
THERE'S ELEMENTS THAT ENDOW THE 

5838
04:55:35,123 --> 04:55:36,525
CELLS WITH THE CAPACITY TO 

5839
04:55:36,525 --> 04:55:38,393
PROLIFERATE AT A HIGHER RATE.

5840
04:55:38,393 --> 04:55:40,529
SINCE WE'RE LOOKING AT CELLS 

5841
04:55:40,529 --> 04:55:42,531
THAT GO TO A NEW ENVIRONMENT 

5842
04:55:42,531 --> 04:55:48,036
THIS SUBJECTS THERE IS SOME E

5843
04:55:48,036 --> 04:55:48,737
EPIGENETIC MANIPULATION OF THIS 

5844
04:55:48,737 --> 04:55:55,110
WHICH LEADS US TO THIS SLIDE.

5845
04:55:55,110 --> 04:55:56,444
THIS MAY HAVE DISCUSSION ABOUT 

5846
04:55:56,444 --> 04:55:57,979
RESILIENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY.

5847
04:55:57,979 --> 04:55:59,447
HERE WE'RE LOOKING AND PREPARING

5848
04:55:59,447 --> 04:56:03,652
THREE GROUPS, CONTROL ANIMALS 

5849
04:56:03,652 --> 04:56:09,424
AND SLEEP FRAGMENTED ANIMAL AND 

5850
04:56:09,424 --> 04:56:11,259
THOSE THAT RECOVERED AND LOOKED 

5851
04:56:11,259 --> 04:56:15,497
AT ENHANCER REGIONS.

5852
04:56:15,497 --> 04:56:17,766
IF YOU LOOK AT THE BLUE THAT 

5853
04:56:17,766 --> 04:56:19,100
TURN RED AND THEN BLUE, THESE 

5854
04:56:19,100 --> 04:56:25,106
ARE ENHANCER REGIONS THAT 

5855
04:56:25,106 --> 04:56:29,277
QUICKLY RECOVER AND THOSE THAT 

5856
04:56:29,277 --> 04:56:30,879
GO BACK TO RED AND BLUE AND 

5857
04:56:30,879 --> 04:56:33,415
THERE'S PRESERVED SIGNATURES 

5858
04:56:33,415 --> 04:56:37,118
THAT LINGER AND 10 WEEKS IS NOT 

5859
04:56:37,118 --> 04:56:39,788
ENOUGH TO CHANGE THEM AND MANY 

5860
04:56:39,788 --> 04:56:48,530
MAP ON TO TO GENES INVOLVED IN 

5861
04:56:48,530 --> 04:56:59,074
MYELODIFFERENTIATION AND CYCLINE

5862
04:57:04,212 --> 04:57:09,818
AND WE CAN MEASURE THEM AT THE 

5863
04:57:09,818 --> 04:57:11,252
mRNA LEVEL.

5864
04:57:11,252 --> 04:57:14,723
THIS SO AN EXAMPLE OF ELEMENTS 

5865
04:57:14,723 --> 04:57:17,692
IN THE EPIGENOME BEING EASY TO 

5866
04:57:17,692 --> 04:57:21,262
RECOVER AND OTHERS BEING FAIRLY 

5867
04:57:21,262 --> 04:57:23,798
STUBBORN AFTER 10 WEEKS OF 

5868
04:57:23,798 --> 04:57:25,967
RECOVERY MAINTAINING THE 

5869
04:57:25,967 --> 04:57:26,735
SIGNATURE ACQUIRED DURING SLEEP 

5870
04:57:26,735 --> 04:57:36,011
FRAGMENTATION.

5871
04:57:36,011 --> 04:57:45,887
WE NO LONGER HAD MONOCYTOSIS AND

5872
04:57:45,887 --> 04:57:49,958
YET IF WE BEGIN SLEEP 

5873
04:57:49,958 --> 04:57:54,095
FRAGMENTATION AGAIN WHAT WE FIND

5874
04:57:54,095 --> 04:58:04,739
IS THAT BLOOD MONOCYTOSIS COMES 

5875
04:58:09,511 --> 04:58:12,280
QUICKER AND IF WE SUBJECT THE 

5876
04:58:12,280 --> 04:58:14,883
ANIMALS TO SEPSIS WE HAVE A 

5877
04:58:14,883 --> 04:58:17,552
HEIGHTENED ABUNDANCE OF 

5878
04:58:17,552 --> 04:58:18,386
MONOCYTES AND QUICKER RESPONSE 

5879
04:58:18,386 --> 04:58:21,956
OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

5880
04:58:21,956 --> 04:58:22,457
IT HAS CONSEQUENCES FOR 

5881
04:58:22,457 --> 04:58:32,634
SURVIVAL.

5882
04:58:41,943 --> 04:58:46,448
AND ONE THAT'S BEEN HEAVILY 

5883
04:58:46,448 --> 04:58:48,983
DISCUSSED IN CARDIOVASCULAR 

5884
04:58:48,983 --> 04:58:52,987
FUNCTION AND THE IDEA THAT AS 

5885
04:58:52,987 --> 04:58:59,961
THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM MAY 

5886
04:58:59,961 --> 04:59:02,263
COME TO IN FER RISK AND USING 

5887
04:59:02,263 --> 04:59:06,367
VIRUSES AND TRACKING CLUSTERS OF

5888
04:59:06,367 --> 04:59:08,169
TAGGED HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS IN 

5889
04:59:08,169 --> 04:59:10,171
RESPONSE TO SLEEP 

5890
04:59:10,171 --> 04:59:10,905
DEFRAGMENTATION WE'RE SEEING 

5891
04:59:10,905 --> 04:59:13,174
REDUCED DIVERSITY AS A 

5892
04:59:13,174 --> 04:59:15,143
CONSEQUENCE OF INCREASED NEUTRAL

5893
04:59:15,143 --> 04:59:15,376
DRIFT.

5894
04:59:15,376 --> 04:59:20,415
THIS IS A MATHEMATICALLY 

5895
04:59:20,415 --> 04:59:23,818
MODELLED AND EXPERIMENTALLY 

5896
04:59:23,818 --> 04:59:24,018
SHOWN.

5897
04:59:24,018 --> 04:59:26,254
THIS TELLS US THIS WAS NOT A 

5898
04:59:26,254 --> 04:59:28,089
NEED IN THE DRIVER MUTATION THAT

5899
04:59:28,089 --> 04:59:30,391
SLEEP FRAGMENTATION ITSELF 

5900
04:59:30,391 --> 04:59:31,259
REDUCES DIVERSITY AND WE CAN 

5901
04:59:31,259 --> 04:59:36,798
THINK OF IT AS A MEASURE OF 

5902
04:59:36,798 --> 04:59:37,932
ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING 

5903
04:59:37,932 --> 04:59:38,566
SOMETHING WE TALKED ABOUT THIS 

5904
04:59:38,566 --> 04:59:48,476
MORNING.

5905
04:59:48,476 --> 04:59:52,347
DOUGH ANY OF THESE PHENOMENA IN 

5906
04:59:52,347 --> 04:59:53,148
THE MOUSE SEE SOMETHING LIKE 

5907
04:59:53,148 --> 04:59:57,519
THIS IN HUMANS AND THE SLEEP 

5908
04:59:57,519 --> 04:59:59,954
RESTRICTION STUDY WE DID AND THE

5909
04:59:59,954 --> 05:00:05,660
SAME STUDY SHOWED IN THE EARLIER

5910
05:00:05,660 --> 05:00:12,500
TALK AND HERE WE ASKED HOW TO 

5911
05:00:12,500 --> 05:00:14,435
TRACK INDIVIDUALS WITH SLEEP AND

5912
05:00:14,435 --> 05:00:16,204
THE SLEEP WAS REDUCED WHETHER WE

5913
05:00:16,204 --> 05:00:18,606
SEE CHANGES IN THE MONOCYTES WE 

5914
05:00:18,606 --> 05:00:25,146
CAN RETRIEVE FROM THE BLOOD.

5915
05:00:25,146 --> 05:00:28,683
HERE IT'S IMPORTANT TO DRAW YOUR

5916
05:00:28,683 --> 05:00:31,152
ATTENTION TO THE MONOCYTE WE CAN

5917
05:00:31,152 --> 05:00:35,356
RETRIEVE FROM THE BLOOD OF THESE

5918
05:00:35,356 --> 05:00:35,657
INDIVIDUALS.

5919
05:00:35,657 --> 05:00:43,631
IT ZIZ  -- IT'S IMPORTANT WE 

5920
05:00:43,631 --> 05:00:45,200
MONITOR THEM IN THE MORNING AND 

5921
05:00:45,200 --> 05:00:46,901
EVENING AND MICE SLEEP DURING 

5922
05:00:46,901 --> 05:00:51,139
THE DAY SO IN THE MORNING WE 

5923
05:00:51,139 --> 05:00:54,375
DON'T SEE DIFFERENCES IN 

5924
05:00:54,375 --> 05:00:56,411
MONOCYTES WE CAN RETRIEVE SO HAD

5925
05:00:56,411 --> 05:00:59,881
WE NOT DONE THE EVENING DRAW WE 

5926
05:00:59,881 --> 05:01:02,217
WOUTH HAVE THOUGHT IT'S A NUL 

5927
05:01:02,217 --> 05:01:04,686
EXPERIMENT AND THERE'S 

5928
05:01:04,686 --> 05:01:06,087
ANTICIPATORY INFLAMMATION AS 

5929
05:01:06,087 --> 05:01:08,523
THEY SHIFT BETWEEN VISCERAL 

5930
05:01:08,523 --> 05:01:10,225
ORGANS IN THE BLOOD AND 

5931
05:01:10,225 --> 05:01:11,926
ANTICIPATION OF INJURY AND WE 

5932
05:01:11,926 --> 05:01:15,330
SEE THIS IS THE CASE IN TERMS OF

5933
05:01:15,330 --> 05:01:15,797
HSBCs.

5934
05:01:15,797 --> 05:01:18,766
IT'S EASIER TO RETRIEVE THEM IN 

5935
05:01:18,766 --> 05:01:29,210
HUMAN BLOOD AND MICE NEXT.

5936
05:01:36,851 --> 05:01:38,086
AND THERE'S A CARTOON 

5937
05:01:38,086 --> 05:01:40,355
REPRESENTATION OF THE MECHANISM 

5938
05:01:40,355 --> 05:01:42,390
I SHOWED EARLIER THE MECHANISM 

5939
05:01:42,390 --> 05:01:43,925
THAT HELPS US BETTER UNDERSTAND 

5940
05:01:43,925 --> 05:01:47,629
HOW IS IT INTERRUPTING SLEEP 

5941
05:01:47,629 --> 05:01:48,763
INCREASES INFLAMMATION AS IT 

5942
05:01:48,763 --> 05:01:51,499
PERTAINS TO MONOCYTES THE 

5943
05:01:51,499 --> 05:01:55,136
CARDINAL INFLAMMATORY CELLS AND 

5944
05:01:55,136 --> 05:01:58,973
WHAT WE FIND IS THAT THIS 

5945
05:01:58,973 --> 05:02:02,810
INVOLVES BRAIN BONE MARROW 

5946
05:02:02,810 --> 05:02:06,080
ACCESS WHEREBY A SECRETED 

5947
05:02:06,080 --> 05:02:07,548
NEUROPEPTIDE ACTS ON THE 

5948
05:02:07,548 --> 05:02:09,250
SPECIFIC POPULATION LOCATED 

5949
05:02:09,250 --> 05:02:11,085
STRATEGICALLY IN NICHES OF THE 

5950
05:02:11,085 --> 05:02:14,656
BONE MARROW THAT MODULATE THE 

5951
05:02:14,656 --> 05:02:16,791
RATE OF PRODUCTION OF MONOCYTES 

5952
05:02:16,791 --> 05:02:17,659
WHICH ACCUMULATE.

5953
05:02:17,659 --> 05:02:19,761
THERE'S MORE THAT HAPPENS AND 

5954
05:02:19,761 --> 05:02:22,297
MANY MORE MECHANISMS NOT SHOWN 

5955
05:02:22,297 --> 05:02:24,832
HERE BY WHICH THE BONE MARROW 

5956
05:02:24,832 --> 05:02:28,403
AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND 

5957
05:02:28,403 --> 05:02:29,270
VASCULATURE COMMUNICATE WITH 

5958
05:02:29,270 --> 05:02:31,205
EACH OTHER BUT THIS IS ONE 

5959
05:02:31,205 --> 05:02:35,743
EXAMPLE AND ON THE RIGHT SIDE 

5960
05:02:35,743 --> 05:02:38,279
WHAT I'M DESCRIBING AND SHOWING 

5961
05:02:38,279 --> 05:02:42,083
IS THIS IDEA THAT INCREASED 

5962
05:02:42,083 --> 05:02:45,219
PROLIFERATION AND PRODUCTION OF 

5963
05:02:45,219 --> 05:02:46,387
HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS THAT OCCURS 

5964
05:02:46,387 --> 05:02:49,023
WHEN SLEEP IS INTERRUPTED SERVES

5965
05:02:49,023 --> 05:02:55,196
TO DECREASE THE HETEROGENEITY OF

5966
05:02:55,196 --> 05:02:56,631
HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS AND THE 

5967
05:02:56,631 --> 05:03:01,202
CLONALITY OF THAT POOL AND 

5968
05:03:01,202 --> 05:03:02,704
ACCELERATING AGING.

5969
05:03:02,704 --> 05:03:04,105
SO THAT'S MY LAST SLIDE.

5970
05:03:04,105 --> 05:03:05,540
THESE WILL SOME OF THE PEOPLE 

5971
05:03:05,540 --> 05:03:06,140
WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THIS WORK.

5972
05:03:06,140 --> 05:03:12,647
THANK YOU.

5973
05:03:12,647 --> 05:03:14,082
>> THANK YOU.

5974
05:03:14,082 --> 05:03:16,784
THAT WAS A FASCINATING TOPIC AND

5975
05:03:16,784 --> 05:03:17,185
DATA.

5976
05:03:17,185 --> 05:03:17,618
THANK YOU.

5977
05:03:17,618 --> 05:03:21,622
NOW OUR LAST SPEAKER FOR TODAY 

5978
05:03:21,622 --> 05:03:23,191
DR. DAYNA JOHNSON FROM EMORY 

5979
05:03:23,191 --> 05:03:24,158
UNIVERSITY.

5980
05:03:24,158 --> 05:03:25,760
SHE'LL BE TALKING ABOUT 

5981
05:03:25,760 --> 05:03:27,028
MULTI-LEVEL DETERMINATES OF 

5982
05:03:27,028 --> 05:03:27,895
SLEEP IN CARDIOVASCULAR 

5983
05:03:27,895 --> 05:03:30,264
DISPARITY THE ROLE OF RISK AND 

5984
05:03:30,264 --> 05:03:30,565
RESILIENCE.

5985
05:03:30,565 --> 05:03:32,600
SO WELCOME DR. JOHNSON.

5986
05:03:32,600 --> 05:03:41,943
OVER TO YOU.

5987
05:03:41,943 --> 05:03:42,677
>> THANK YOU.

5988
05:03:42,677 --> 05:03:44,212
THERE'S BEEN GREAT CONVERSATIONS

5989
05:03:44,212 --> 05:03:46,647
TODAY AND I THINK THIS TALK WILL

5990
05:03:46,647 --> 05:03:48,616
ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THAT.

5991
05:03:48,616 --> 05:03:52,186
SO I'M TALKING ABOUT BOTH RISK 

5992
05:03:52,186 --> 05:03:53,488
AND RESILIENCE BECAUSE WITHIN 

5993
05:03:53,488 --> 05:03:56,024
THE WORK THAT I'M CONDUCTED 

5994
05:03:56,024 --> 05:03:58,159
WE'RE THINKING ABOUT RESILIENCE 

5995
05:03:58,159 --> 05:04:02,597
AS THIS WAY TO MODIFY THE RISK 

5996
05:04:02,597 --> 05:04:03,498
FACTORS ON SLEEP HEALTH AMONG 

5997
05:04:03,498 --> 05:04:13,908
MINORITIZED POPULATIONS.

5998
05:04:15,009 --> 05:04:17,512
SO FIRST I WANT TO DEFINE SLEEP 

5999
05:04:17,512 --> 05:04:18,780
HEALTH DISPARITY.

6000
05:04:18,780 --> 05:04:20,114
WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 

6001
05:04:20,114 --> 05:04:21,783
DISPARITIES WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 

6002
05:04:21,783 --> 05:04:23,618
DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP HEALTH AND 

6003
05:04:23,618 --> 05:04:27,088
DEFINING SLEEP HEALTH ACCORDING 

6004
05:04:27,088 --> 05:04:32,760
TO THE CONSTRUCT THAT WAS PUT 

6005
05:04:32,760 --> 05:04:35,897
FORTH AS SLEEP AS THE CONSTRUCT 

6006
05:04:35,897 --> 05:04:37,999
OF REGULARITY, ALERTNESS AND 

6007
05:04:37,999 --> 05:04:39,734
EFFICIENCY AND DURATION BUT 

6008
05:04:39,734 --> 05:04:43,004
WE'RE THESE DIFFERENCES THAT 

6009
05:04:43,004 --> 05:04:46,074
OCCUR ON A CONSISTENT BASIS THAT

6010
05:04:46,074 --> 05:04:47,241
ADVERSE AFFECT DISADVANTAGED 

6011
05:04:47,241 --> 05:04:47,542
POPULATIONS.

6012
05:04:47,542 --> 05:04:50,778
THESE ARE DUE TO UNFAIR AND 

6013
05:04:50,778 --> 05:04:51,946
UNJUST CIRCUMSTANCES AND BY THE 

6014
05:04:51,946 --> 05:04:55,349
NIH DEFINITION THESE ARE THE 

6015
05:04:55,349 --> 05:04:58,386
GROUPS THAT ARE CONSIDERED 

6016
05:04:58,386 --> 05:05:05,726
DISADVANTAGED.

6017
05:05:05,726 --> 05:05:07,895
THERE ARE STRIKING DISPARITIES 

6018
05:05:07,895 --> 05:05:10,698
IN SLEEP DISORDERS.

6019
05:05:10,698 --> 05:05:11,966
HISTORICALLY MINORITIZED 

6020
05:05:11,966 --> 05:05:13,935
INDIVIDUALS HAVE SHORTER SLEEP 

6021
05:05:13,935 --> 05:05:14,402
DURATION.

6022
05:05:14,402 --> 05:05:19,073
WHEN WE THINK OF THE 

6023
05:05:19,073 --> 05:05:20,208
INTERSECTIONALITY FRAMEWORK 

6024
05:05:20,208 --> 05:05:22,510
DISCUSSED EARLIER BY DR. COOK, 

6025
05:05:22,510 --> 05:05:25,379
WE LOOK AT THE INTERSECTION OF 

6026
05:05:25,379 --> 05:05:28,883
GENDER AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

6027
05:05:28,883 --> 05:05:31,152
AS WELL AS SEX WE SEE THAT OR TO

6028
05:05:31,152 --> 05:05:33,855
FOCUS ON THE RACE AND SEX FIRST,

6029
05:05:33,855 --> 05:05:35,156
BLACK MEN HAVE THE SHORTEST 

6030
05:05:35,156 --> 05:05:37,291
SLEEP DURATION AND WHITE WOMEN 

6031
05:05:37,291 --> 05:05:39,694
HAVE THE LONGEST SLEEP DURATION.

6032
05:05:39,694 --> 05:05:40,595
LOOKING AT THOSE TWO GROUPS 

6033
05:05:40,595 --> 05:05:42,363
THERE'S A DIFFERENCE OF ABOUT 

6034
05:05:42,363 --> 05:05:44,665
TWO HOURS.

6035
05:05:44,665 --> 05:05:47,502
ON AVERAGE WE SEA HISTORICALLY 

6036
05:05:47,502 --> 05:05:48,402
MINORITIZED INDIVIDUALS HAVE AN 

6037
05:05:48,402 --> 05:05:50,538
HOUR SHORTER SLEEP DURATION IN 

6038
05:05:50,538 --> 05:05:51,706
COMPARE TO NON-HISPANIC WHITE 

6039
05:05:51,706 --> 05:06:01,916
INDIVIDUALS.

6040
05:06:05,920 --> 05:06:07,989
SO ADDITIONALLY WE SEE THE 

6041
05:06:07,989 --> 05:06:10,391
GROUPS HAVE A HIGHER PREVALENCE 

6042
05:06:10,391 --> 05:06:13,427
OF SLEEP APNEA AND VARIES 

6043
05:06:13,427 --> 05:06:16,797
DEPENDING ON THE RACIAL GROUP 

6044
05:06:16,797 --> 05:06:18,266
AND STUDIES HAVE SHOWN BETWEEN 

6045
05:06:18,266 --> 05:06:21,369
ED ODDS OF SLEEP APNEA.

6046
05:06:21,369 --> 05:06:27,341
ALSO WE SEE THESE GROUPS HAVE A 

6047
05:06:27,341 --> 05:06:30,178
TWOFOLD HIGHER CHRONIC APNEA FOR

6048
05:06:30,178 --> 05:06:31,712
ASIAN AND BLACK INDIVIDUALS AND 

6049
05:06:31,712 --> 05:06:33,748
THEN THERE'S A STUDY THAT HAS 

6050
05:06:33,748 --> 05:06:36,450
SHOWN BLACK INDIVIDUALS HAVE A 

6051
05:06:36,450 --> 05:06:38,920
67% INCREASED RISK OF INSOMNIA 

6052
05:06:38,920 --> 05:06:41,255
DISORDER WITH SHORT SLEEP WHICH 

6053
05:06:41,255 --> 05:06:43,291
IS A SEVERE PHENOTYPE AND 

6054
05:06:43,291 --> 05:06:45,560
THERE'S DATA THAT SHOWS INSOMNIA

6055
05:06:45,560 --> 05:06:48,029
WITH SHORT SLEEP IS ASSOCIATED 

6056
05:06:48,029 --> 05:06:48,729
WITH HYPERTENSION AND 

6057
05:06:48,729 --> 05:06:50,331
ASSOCIATION IS STRONGER THAN IF 

6058
05:06:50,331 --> 05:06:53,000
WE LOOK AT INSOMNIA OR SHORT 

6059
05:06:53,000 --> 05:06:54,235
SLEEP ALONE.

6060
05:06:54,235 --> 05:06:56,604
WE SEE BLACK INDIVIDUALS ARE 

6061
05:06:56,604 --> 05:06:59,240
MORE VULNERABLE TO THE FACT OF 

6062
05:06:59,240 --> 05:07:02,376
THAT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 

6063
05:07:02,376 --> 05:07:03,778
INSOMNIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

6064
05:07:03,778 --> 05:07:04,745
HEALTH OUTCOMES.

6065
05:07:04,745 --> 05:07:09,650
WHILE IT'S LIMITED THERE ARE 

6066
05:07:09,650 --> 05:07:12,753
SOME DATA THAT SHOW MINORITIZED 

6067
05:07:12,753 --> 05:07:15,890
INDIVIDUAL HAVE A TWOFOLD ODDS 

6068
05:07:15,890 --> 05:07:18,859
OF DELAYED SLEEP AND SEE 

6069
05:07:18,859 --> 05:07:19,493
DIFFERENCES IN CIRCADIAN FACTORS

6070
05:07:19,493 --> 05:07:27,368
AS WELL.

6071
05:07:27,368 --> 05:07:28,669
IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT 

6072
05:07:28,669 --> 05:07:30,071
WHAT'S DRIVING THESE 

6073
05:07:30,071 --> 05:07:30,371
DISPARITIES.

6074
05:07:30,371 --> 05:07:31,639
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT ARE 

6075
05:07:31,639 --> 05:07:39,714
CONTRIBUTING.

6076
05:07:39,714 --> 05:07:41,449
BASED ON THE SOCIAL DETERMINATES

6077
05:07:41,449 --> 05:07:43,985
OF HEALTH YOU POINT TO ZRIPG 

6078
05:07:43,985 --> 05:07:45,686
DISCRIMINATION AND INCOME.

6079
05:07:45,686 --> 05:07:46,387
HOWEVER WE'RE NOT SEEING 

6080
05:07:46,387 --> 05:07:48,289
EDUCATION AND INCOME ARE 

6081
05:07:48,289 --> 05:07:51,525
AFFORDING THE SAME ADVANTAGES BY

6082
05:07:51,525 --> 05:07:54,362
RACE ACROSS THE DIFFERENT 

6083
05:07:54,362 --> 05:07:54,662
GROUPS.

6084
05:07:54,662 --> 05:07:56,564
SO HERE'S SOME DATA FROM A 

6085
05:07:56,564 --> 05:07:58,065
NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

6086
05:07:58,065 --> 05:08:01,235
WHICH SHOWS THE PREVALENCE OF 

6087
05:08:01,235 --> 05:08:04,205
SHORT SLEEP DURATION FOR MEN AND

6088
05:08:04,205 --> 05:08:06,173
WOMEN AND BY OCCUPATION OR 

6089
05:08:06,173 --> 05:08:07,341
OCCUPATION CATEGORIES WHICH WE 

6090
05:08:07,341 --> 05:08:10,745
CAN THINK ABOUT AS A PROCESS FOR

6091
05:08:10,745 --> 05:08:13,014
SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS.

6092
05:08:13,014 --> 05:08:14,582
SO PROFESSIONAL COULD BE 

6093
05:08:14,582 --> 05:08:16,584
CONSIDERED THE HIGHER SUPPORT AS

6094
05:08:16,584 --> 05:08:19,220
MIDDLE AND LABORERS AS LOWER 

6095
05:08:19,220 --> 05:08:19,453
INCOME.

6096
05:08:19,453 --> 05:08:21,956
HERE WE SEE THE LOWEST 

6097
05:08:21,956 --> 05:08:24,392
PREVALENCE OF SHORT SLEEP 

6098
05:08:24,392 --> 05:08:25,359
DURATION IS FOR PROFESSIONAL 

6099
05:08:25,359 --> 05:08:27,528
WHITES WHILE THE HIGHEST 

6100
05:08:27,528 --> 05:08:30,131
PREVALENCE OF SHORT SLEEP 

6101
05:08:30,131 --> 05:08:30,765
DURATION IS AMONG PROFESSIONAL 

6102
05:08:30,765 --> 05:08:35,603
BLACK MEN AND WOMEN.

6103
05:08:35,603 --> 05:08:40,775
SO IN TERMS OF LABORERS FOR MEN 

6104
05:08:40,775 --> 05:08:43,911
IT'S A MORE NARROW DIFFERENCE IN

6105
05:08:43,911 --> 05:08:48,416
THE PREVALENCE OF SHORT SLEEP 

6106
05:08:48,416 --> 05:08:51,585
DUR AND FOR WOMEN IT'S ALMOST 

6107
05:08:51,585 --> 05:08:54,789
NON EXISTENT AND THE HIGHER 

6108
05:08:54,789 --> 05:08:56,991
DISPARITY IS OF THOSE OF HIGHER 

6109
05:08:56,991 --> 05:09:07,368
SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS.

6110
05:09:15,509 --> 05:09:17,712
THAT WAS AN OLDER STUDY AND THIS

6111
05:09:17,712 --> 05:09:19,213
WAS PUBLISHED RECENTLY WHICH 

6112
05:09:19,213 --> 05:09:26,087
SHOWS THE SAME THING BUT USING 

6113
05:09:26,087 --> 05:09:27,521
USING A DIFFERENT MEASURE SUCH 

6114
05:09:27,521 --> 05:09:27,955
AS EDUCATION.

6115
05:09:27,955 --> 05:09:30,825
THE HIGHEST PREDICTIVE 

6116
05:09:30,825 --> 05:09:36,630
PROBABILITY OF SHORT SLEEP IS 

6117
05:09:36,630 --> 05:09:38,366
AMONG LOWER OR THOSE WITH LESS 

6118
05:09:38,366 --> 05:09:40,935
THAN A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA AND 

6119
05:09:40,935 --> 05:09:44,438
THE SHORTEST, LOWEST PREDICTED 

6120
05:09:44,438 --> 05:09:45,039
PROBABILITY FOR WHITE 

6121
05:09:45,039 --> 05:09:45,973
INDIVIDUALS ARE THOSE WITH 

6122
05:09:45,973 --> 05:09:51,011
GREATER THAN A COLLEGE DEGREE.

6123
05:09:51,011 --> 05:09:52,880
WE SEE THE SAME FOR BLACK 

6124
05:09:52,880 --> 05:09:53,447
INDIVIDUALS AS WELL AS FOR 

6125
05:09:53,447 --> 05:09:58,786
HISPANIC INDIVIDUALS.

6126
05:09:58,786 --> 05:10:03,257
IN THINK ABOUT FACTORS THAT 

6127
05:10:03,257 --> 05:10:06,927
AFFORD AN AVERAGE FOR SLEEP 

6128
05:10:06,927 --> 05:10:08,662
HEALTH, INCOME, OCCUPATION IS 

6129
05:10:08,662 --> 05:10:10,598
NOT AFFORDING THE SAME 

6130
05:10:10,598 --> 05:10:11,732
ADVANTAGES FOR BLACK AND 

6131
05:10:11,732 --> 05:10:13,234
HISPANIC INDIVIDUALS AS FOR 

6132
05:10:13,234 --> 05:10:15,169
WHITE INDIVIDUALS.

6133
05:10:15,169 --> 05:10:19,140
WE ARE SEEING WORSE SLEEP HEALTH

6134
05:10:19,140 --> 05:10:22,309
AMONG BLACK AND HISPANIC 

6135
05:10:22,309 --> 05:10:23,177
INDIVIDUALS OF HIGHER AND SOCIO 

6136
05:10:23,177 --> 05:10:33,454
ECONOMIC STATUS.

6137
05:10:42,963 --> 05:10:44,064
WE'RE CONSIDERING FACTORS THAT 

6138
05:10:44,064 --> 05:10:47,034
CAN DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY SHAPE

6139
05:10:47,034 --> 05:10:50,905
SLEEP HEALTH AND SO WHEN WE 

6140
05:10:50,905 --> 05:10:51,539
THINK ABOUT ADDRESSING THESE 

6141
05:10:51,539 --> 05:10:53,841
HEALTH INEQUITIES IT'S MORE 

6142
05:10:53,841 --> 05:10:55,443
UPSTREAM FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE 

6143
05:10:55,443 --> 05:10:57,678
CONSIDERED SUCH AS ECONOMIC AND 

6144
05:10:57,678 --> 05:10:58,979
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND 

6145
05:10:58,979 --> 05:11:00,147
RESOURCES WHICH SHAPE MORE DOWN 

6146
05:11:00,147 --> 05:11:01,682
STREAM FACTORS SUCH AS PERSONAL 

6147
05:11:01,682 --> 05:11:11,859
BEHAVIOR.

6148
05:11:17,932 --> 05:11:19,200
SO THERE ARE MULTI-FACTORS OR 

6149
05:11:19,200 --> 05:11:22,336
SEVERAL DETERMINATES OF SLEEP 

6150
05:11:22,336 --> 05:11:23,971
AND CIRCADIAN DISPARITIES THAT 

6151
05:11:23,971 --> 05:11:26,640
OCCUR ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN THAT 

6152
05:11:26,640 --> 05:11:35,082
ARE TRULY MULTI-FACTORIAL.

6153
05:11:35,082 --> 05:11:36,083
SOME OF THOSE SOCIAL 

6154
05:11:36,083 --> 05:11:37,918
DETERMINATES WHICH ARE LIKELY 

6155
05:11:37,918 --> 05:11:41,522
EXPLAINING SOME DISPARITY WE'RE 

6156
05:11:41,522 --> 05:11:43,491
SEEING AMONG THE HIGHER 

6157
05:11:43,491 --> 05:11:44,959
INDIVIDUALS, BLACK AND HISPANIC 

6158
05:11:44,959 --> 05:11:46,861
ACCORDING TO EXPERIENCES OF 

6159
05:11:46,861 --> 05:11:51,565
DISCRIMINATION AND STRESS.

6160
05:11:51,565 --> 05:11:54,401
THESE INDIVIDUALS THEY'RE 

6161
05:11:54,401 --> 05:11:57,872
EXPOSED TO MORE EXPERIENCES OF 

6162
05:11:57,872 --> 05:12:00,541
DISCRIMINATION AND 

6163
05:12:00,541 --> 05:12:01,275
MICROAGGRESSIONS AND 

6164
05:12:01,275 --> 05:12:04,278
ADDITIONALLY ENVIRONMENTAL 

6165
05:12:04,278 --> 05:12:07,214
FACTOR A DETERMINANT OF SLEEP 

6166
05:12:07,214 --> 05:12:07,948
DISPARITIES.

6167
05:12:07,948 --> 05:12:11,619
WE KNOW INDIVIDUALS THAT LIVE IN

6168
05:12:11,619 --> 05:12:14,822
AREAS OF LOWER INCOME ARE MORE 

6169
05:12:14,822 --> 05:12:17,057
LIKELY TO BE EXPOSED TO AIR 

6170
05:12:17,057 --> 05:12:18,359
POLLUTION AND OTHER ADVERSE 

6171
05:12:18,359 --> 05:12:19,793
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT 

6172
05:12:19,793 --> 05:12:22,630
AFFECT SLEEP HEALTH AND THEN 

6173
05:12:22,630 --> 05:12:23,964
ADETERMINELY DESPITE INDIVIDUAL 

6174
05:12:23,964 --> 05:12:26,133
LEVEL INCOME WE SEE HISTORICALLY

6175
05:12:26,133 --> 05:12:28,569
MINORITIZED INDIVIDUALS ARE MORE

6176
05:12:28,569 --> 05:12:32,840
LIKELY TO LIVE IN DISADVANTAGED 

6177
05:12:32,840 --> 05:12:34,241
NEIGHBORHOODS STEM FROM AFFECTS 

6178
05:12:34,241 --> 05:12:38,279
OF RED LINING AND OTHER 

6179
05:12:38,279 --> 05:12:39,947
DISCRIMINATORY LAWS AND POLICIES

6180
05:12:39,947 --> 05:12:43,217
THAT PROHIBITED UPWARD MOBILITY.

6181
05:12:43,217 --> 05:12:48,789
AND THEN THERE'S SLEEP RELATED 

6182
05:12:48,789 --> 05:12:52,159
BEHAVIORS WHICH ARE RARELY A 

6183
05:12:52,159 --> 05:12:55,162
DOWN STREAM FACTOR OF EXPOSURE.

6184
05:12:55,162 --> 05:13:00,534
LAWS AND POLICIES THAT PROMOTE 

6185
05:13:00,534 --> 05:13:02,269
CERTAIN BEHAVIORS.

6186
05:13:02,269 --> 05:13:05,539
SO MINIMUM WAGE WE KNOW IS NOT A

6187
05:13:05,539 --> 05:13:08,142
LIVING WAGE AND INDIVIDUALS WHO 

6188
05:13:08,142 --> 05:13:10,244
HAVE A MINIMUM WAGE JOB ARE MORE

6189
05:13:10,244 --> 05:13:13,380
LIKELY TO NOT BE HOME TO 

6190
05:13:13,380 --> 05:13:14,381
IMPLEMENT CONSISTENT BED TIMES 

6191
05:13:14,381 --> 05:13:15,783
FOR THEMSELVES OR THEIR 

6192
05:13:15,783 --> 05:13:16,216
CHILDREN.

6193
05:13:16,216 --> 05:13:18,385
IT'S A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THINKING 

6194
05:13:18,385 --> 05:13:21,889
HOW THE MORE UPSTREAM FACTORS OR

6195
05:13:21,889 --> 05:13:23,557
POLICIES DETERMINE UPSTREAM 

6196
05:13:23,557 --> 05:13:23,824
BEHAVIORS.

6197
05:13:23,824 --> 05:13:25,593
WE JUST FOCUS ON THE DOWN 

6198
05:13:25,593 --> 05:13:27,995
STREAM, WE'RE MISSING THE 

6199
05:13:27,995 --> 05:13:29,029
CONTEXT IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS 

6200
05:13:29,029 --> 05:13:30,631
LIVE IN ORDER FOR US TO BE ABLE 

6201
05:13:30,631 --> 05:13:39,807
TO TARGET INTERVENTIONS.

6202
05:13:39,807 --> 05:13:40,441
THESE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO SLEEP 

6203
05:13:40,441 --> 05:13:50,184
HEALTH DISPARITIES.

6204
05:13:50,184 --> 05:13:52,786
HERE'S A FIGURE THAT MY DOCTOR 

6205
05:13:52,786 --> 05:13:56,190
STUDENT AND I PUT TOGETHER WHICH

6206
05:13:56,190 --> 05:13:58,726
SHOWS HOW STRUCTURAL RACISM AND 

6207
05:13:58,726 --> 05:14:01,996
THESE DIFFERENT INTERSECTING 

6208
05:14:01,996 --> 05:14:03,597
IDENTITIES WILL DETERMINE 

6209
05:14:03,597 --> 05:14:05,032
EXPOSURES TO DIFFERENT 

6210
05:14:05,032 --> 05:14:07,234
INSTITUTIONAL AND SYSTEMATIC 

6211
05:14:07,234 --> 05:14:08,135
STRUCTURES WHICH SHAPE THE 

6212
05:14:08,135 --> 05:14:09,970
ENVIRONMENTS IN WHICH WE LIVE 

6213
05:14:09,970 --> 05:14:11,672
AND HOW THESE GET UNDER THE SKIN

6214
05:14:11,672 --> 05:14:17,544
FOR US TO EMBODY THE STRESSFUL 

6215
05:14:17,544 --> 05:14:19,079
EXPERIENCES WHICH COULD BE 

6216
05:14:19,079 --> 05:14:29,590
MEASURES VIA ALLO STATIC LOAD 

6217
05:14:31,325 --> 05:14:41,635
AND LEAD TO MORTALITY.

6218
05:14:43,003 --> 05:14:45,673
HERE'S A FIGURE PUBLISHED BY THE

6219
05:14:45,673 --> 05:14:46,740
AMERICAN HEAR THE ASSOCIATION 

6220
05:14:46,740 --> 05:14:48,409
WHICH SHOWS THE ROOT CAUSES OF 

6221
05:14:48,409 --> 05:14:58,886
HEALTH DISPARITIES OVER ALL.

6222
05:15:07,361 --> 05:15:09,730
HERE WE SEE POLICIES AND LAWS 

6223
05:15:09,730 --> 05:15:12,666
AND JIM CROW LAWS AND RED LINING

6224
05:15:12,666 --> 05:15:14,968
CONTRIBUTED TO CONCENTRATED 

6225
05:15:14,968 --> 05:15:15,703
POVERTY AND SOCIAL DETERMINATES 

6226
05:15:15,703 --> 05:15:17,504
AND POOR ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE 

6227
05:15:17,504 --> 05:15:18,839
AND HOUSING CONDITIONS AND 

6228
05:15:18,839 --> 05:15:21,208
POORLY FUNDED SCHOOLS AND ACCESS

6229
05:15:21,208 --> 05:15:22,776
TO CAPITAL WHICH CAN DETERMINE 

6230
05:15:22,776 --> 05:15:23,644
SOMEONE'S UPWARD MOBILITY.

6231
05:15:23,644 --> 05:15:27,881
THE FIGURE THAT WAS PUBLISHED BY

6232
05:15:27,881 --> 05:15:34,888
THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION 

6233
05:15:34,888 --> 05:15:38,158
WE ARE HYPOTHESIZING THE FACTORS

6234
05:15:38,158 --> 05:15:40,160
CONTRIBUTE TO ADVERSE SLEEP 

6235
05:15:40,160 --> 05:15:41,562
HEALTH AND SLEEP DISORDERS WHICH

6236
05:15:41,562 --> 05:15:44,398
THEN LIKELY CONTRIBUTES TO 

6237
05:15:44,398 --> 05:15:46,400
INCREASED HEART DISEASE AND 

6238
05:15:46,400 --> 05:15:49,403
STROKE RISK FACTORS WHICH IS 

6239
05:15:49,403 --> 05:15:49,903
ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE 

6240
05:15:49,903 --> 05:15:50,437
CARDIOVASCULAR AND STROKE 

6241
05:15:50,437 --> 05:15:52,072
OUTCOMES.

6242
05:15:52,072 --> 05:15:54,908
SO AGAIN, WITHIN THE WORK WE'RE 

6243
05:15:54,908 --> 05:15:56,777
DOING, IT'S FOCUSSED ON HOW 

6244
05:15:56,777 --> 05:16:00,748
SLEEP MAY BE ON THE PATHWAY 

6245
05:16:00,748 --> 05:16:01,415
BETWEEN SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 

6246
05:16:01,415 --> 05:16:02,049
HEALTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

6247
05:16:02,049 --> 05:16:11,859
OUTCOMES.

6248
05:16:11,859 --> 05:16:14,661
EYE 

6249
05:16:24,872 --> 05:16:28,041
HERE SHOWS THE PATH OF SOCIO 

6250
05:16:28,041 --> 05:16:29,510
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO SLEEP 

6251
05:16:29,510 --> 05:16:30,911
IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

6252
05:16:30,911 --> 05:16:31,278
DISPARITY.

6253
05:16:31,278 --> 05:16:35,015
AGAIN, IN THINKING ABOUT THE 

6254
05:16:35,015 --> 05:16:37,785
MULTI-LEVEL FACTORS HOW 

6255
05:16:37,785 --> 05:16:39,052
INDIVIDUALS ARE IN BROADER 

6256
05:16:39,052 --> 05:16:40,154
ENVIRONMENTS TO DETERMINE THEIR 

6257
05:16:40,154 --> 05:16:43,423
EXPERIENCE WITH DISCRIMINATION 

6258
05:16:43,423 --> 05:16:45,826
AND STRESS AND ALSO FACTORS 

6259
05:16:45,826 --> 05:16:49,229
WITHIN THE NEIGHBORHOOD 

6260
05:16:49,229 --> 05:16:51,365
ENVIRONMENT AND HOW THAT CAN 

6261
05:16:51,365 --> 05:16:53,066
SHAPE THE ENVIRONMENT IN TERMS 

6262
05:16:53,066 --> 05:16:55,969
OF EXPOSURES OF AIR POLLUTION 

6263
05:16:55,969 --> 05:17:06,480
AND OPPORTUNE LIGHT EXPOSURES 

6264
05:17:07,414 --> 05:17:08,882
LEADING TO DISTURBANCES IN SLEEP

6265
05:17:08,882 --> 05:17:10,384
AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

6266
05:17:10,384 --> 05:17:20,127
OUTCOMES.

6267
05:17:20,127 --> 05:17:22,396
HERE I WANT TO SHOW FACTORS THAT

6268
05:17:22,396 --> 05:17:25,065
CAN PROMOTE RESILIENCE.

6269
05:17:25,065 --> 05:17:26,834
WE'RE THINKING ABOUT PROTECTIVE 

6270
05:17:26,834 --> 05:17:28,635
AND RISK FACTORS.

6271
05:17:28,635 --> 05:17:33,307
HERE WE USED DATA FROM THE 

6272
05:17:33,307 --> 05:17:41,915
MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATH

6273
05:17:41,915 --> 05:17:48,155
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND HEALTHY 

6274
05:17:48,155 --> 05:17:58,699
OUTCOMES USING AC TIG GRAPHY AND

6275
05:18:06,440 --> 05:18:07,774
WE FOUND THATTIGRAPHY AND WE

6276
05:18:07,774 --> 05:18:18,318
FOUND THAT AND THOSE WITH BETTER

6277
05:18:19,620 --> 05:18:23,690
ENVIRONMENTS AS LOWER ODDS OF 

6278
05:18:23,690 --> 05:18:24,958
SHORT SLEEP DURATION AT 

6279
05:18:24,958 --> 05:18:26,393
POPULATION LEVEL THESE ARE 

6280
05:18:26,393 --> 05:18:27,961
STRIKING AND COULD MOVE THE 

6281
05:18:27,961 --> 05:18:28,929
POPULATION CURVE.

6282
05:18:28,929 --> 05:18:31,231
I THINK THERE WERE SOME 

6283
05:18:31,231 --> 05:18:32,833
MODIFICATIONS WHEN THE SLIDE 

6284
05:18:32,833 --> 05:18:35,068
DECK WAS PUT TOGETHER.

6285
05:18:35,068 --> 05:18:38,305
HERE WE'RE ALSO SHOWING SO AREAS

6286
05:18:38,305 --> 05:18:39,273
THAT TYPICALLY ARE ASSOCIATED 

6287
05:18:39,273 --> 05:18:43,343
WITH PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR 

6288
05:18:43,343 --> 05:18:45,712
OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE

6289
05:18:45,712 --> 05:18:47,281
SLEEP HEALTH.

6290
05:18:47,281 --> 05:18:50,384
LIVING IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH 

6291
05:18:50,384 --> 05:18:52,686
HIGHER DENSITY, WALKING 

6292
05:18:52,686 --> 05:18:53,987
DESTINATIONS, ALSO WITH MORE 

6293
05:18:53,987 --> 05:18:55,689
PROPORTIONED DETAIL AND LIVING 

6294
05:18:55,689 --> 05:18:57,557
IN THE MORE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS 

6295
05:18:57,557 --> 05:18:59,393
WERE ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEPING 

6296
05:18:59,393 --> 05:19:02,062
LESS ON AVERAGE AND ALSO WITH 

6297
05:19:02,062 --> 05:19:02,729
HIGHER ODDS OF SHORT SLEEP 

6298
05:19:02,729 --> 05:19:04,364
DURATION.

6299
05:19:04,364 --> 05:19:07,534
AND IT'S LIKELY THAT THESE 

6300
05:19:07,534 --> 05:19:10,938
ASSOCIATIONS ARE EXPLAINED BY 

6301
05:19:10,938 --> 05:19:12,372
NOISE AND INOPPORTUNE SLIGHT 

6302
05:19:12,372 --> 05:19:15,876
EXPOSURE.

6303
05:19:15,876 --> 05:19:17,477
-- LIGHT EXPOSURE.

6304
05:19:17,477 --> 05:19:19,212
HERE WE'RE INTERESTED IN 

6305
05:19:19,212 --> 05:19:21,848
UNDERSTANDING AGAIN AS THE 

6306
05:19:21,848 --> 05:19:22,849
POTENTIAL INTERVENTION POINT 

6307
05:19:22,849 --> 05:19:25,819
WHAT IS EXPLAINING THESE RATIO 

6308
05:19:25,819 --> 05:19:27,554
DISPARITIES AND USING THE SAME 

6309
05:19:27,554 --> 05:19:31,258
DATA SET THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY 

6310
05:19:31,258 --> 05:19:34,394
OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS THE PHYSICAL 

6311
05:19:34,394 --> 05:19:37,898
ENVIRONMENT EXPLAINED THE 

6312
05:19:37,898 --> 05:19:38,532
HISPANIC-WHITE DIFFERENCE IN 

6313
05:19:38,532 --> 05:19:47,307
SLEEP DUR ATION OR PARTIALLY 

6314
05:19:47,307 --> 05:19:47,574
EXPLAINED.

6315
05:19:47,574 --> 05:19:51,712
IT EXPLAINED 40% TO 38% OF THE 

6316
05:19:51,712 --> 05:19:52,346
HISPANIC-WHITE DIFFERENCE IN 

6317
05:19:52,346 --> 05:19:53,547
SLEEP DURATION.

6318
05:19:53,547 --> 05:19:55,849
IF WE COULD MODIFY THE PHYSICAL 

6319
05:19:55,849 --> 05:19:59,219
ENVIRONMENT WE CAN POTENTIALLY 

6320
05:19:59,219 --> 05:20:00,854
REDUCE THE HISPANIC-WHITE 

6321
05:20:00,854 --> 05:20:11,331
DISPARITY IN SLEEP DURATION.

6322
05:20:16,937 --> 05:20:19,339
WE USED DATA FROM THE NHANES 

6323
05:20:19,339 --> 05:20:20,474
STUDY WHICH HAS OBJECTIVE 

6324
05:20:20,474 --> 05:20:22,609
MEASURES OF SLEEP AND WE LOOKED 

6325
05:20:22,609 --> 05:20:24,011
AT LIGHT AT NIGHT AND LIGHT IS 

6326
05:20:24,011 --> 05:20:26,880
GOOD BUT WE WANT LIGHT DURING 

6327
05:20:26,880 --> 05:20:29,850
THE DAY AND SO HERE WE WERE 

6328
05:20:29,850 --> 05:20:36,390
LOOKING AT INOPPORTUNE LIGHT 

6329
05:20:36,390 --> 05:20:37,391
EXPOSURE MEASURED TO LIGHT AT 

6330
05:20:37,391 --> 05:20:40,494
NIGHT AND THEY HAD AN 80% HIGHER

6331
05:20:40,494 --> 05:20:42,796
ODDS OF SHORT SLEEP DURATION IN 

6332
05:20:42,796 --> 05:20:44,231
COMPARISON TO THOSE WHO HAD NO 

6333
05:20:44,231 --> 05:20:47,167
EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AT NIGHT.

6334
05:20:47,167 --> 05:20:48,668
WE FOUND NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH 

6335
05:20:48,668 --> 05:20:53,140
LONG SLEEP DURATION BUT WE CAN 

6336
05:20:53,140 --> 05:20:54,908
SEE THIS GRADIENT AS LIGHT AT 

6337
05:20:54,908 --> 05:20:57,010
NICE INCREASES THE ODDS OF SHORT

6338
05:20:57,010 --> 05:20:59,413
SLEEP ALSO INCREASES.

6339
05:20:59,413 --> 05:21:02,015
SO WE WERE ALSO INTERESTED IN 

6340
05:21:02,015 --> 05:21:03,250
INFORMATION HOW THESE 

6341
05:21:03,250 --> 05:21:04,985
ASSOCIATIONS MAY VARY BY RACE 

6342
05:21:04,985 --> 05:21:09,222
AND BY SEX.

6343
05:21:09,222 --> 05:21:12,626
>> EXCUSE ME, SPEAKER, 

6344
05:21:12,626 --> 05:21:13,326
TWO-MINUTE WARNING.

6345
05:21:13,326 --> 05:21:14,361
>> THANK YOU.

6346
05:21:14,361 --> 05:21:17,798
WE SEE THE DISASSOCIATION IS 

6347
05:21:17,798 --> 05:21:20,200
FOUND AMONG FEMALES SHOWN ON THE

6348
05:21:20,200 --> 05:21:22,302
RIGHT SIDE OF THE FIGURE AND SO 

6349
05:21:22,302 --> 05:21:25,138
REGARDLESS OF RACE, WE SAW 

6350
05:21:25,138 --> 05:21:27,007
WHITE, MEXICAN AND BLACK FEMALES

6351
05:21:27,007 --> 05:21:29,109
WERE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO 

6352
05:21:29,109 --> 05:21:30,377
THE AFFECT OF LIGHT AT NIGHT ON 

6353
05:21:30,377 --> 05:21:38,652
SLEEP DURATION.

6354
05:21:38,652 --> 05:21:39,820
BOTH THE SOCIAL AND THE 

6355
05:21:39,820 --> 05:21:41,688
ENVIRONMENT MAY BE RELATED TO 

6356
05:21:41,688 --> 05:21:44,191
THINGS SUCH AS SAFETY AND SO WE 

6357
05:21:44,191 --> 05:21:47,060
SEE THAT FROM SOME OF OUR 

6358
05:21:47,060 --> 05:21:49,029
STUDIES WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD 

6359
05:21:49,029 --> 05:21:51,598
THAT CERTAIN POPULATIONS UTILIZE

6360
05:21:51,598 --> 05:21:54,167
THE TELEVISION AS A SOURCE OF 

6361
05:21:54,167 --> 05:21:55,735
PROMOTING NOISE AND LIGHT AS A 

6362
05:21:55,735 --> 05:21:56,436
SOURCE OF SAFETY.

6363
05:21:56,436 --> 05:21:58,405
SO THE PROBLEM WITH THAT IS THAT

6364
05:21:58,405 --> 05:22:01,141
LIGHT AT NIGHT CAN ALTER 

6365
05:22:01,141 --> 05:22:05,412
ENDOCRINE SIGNALLING, IMPAIR 

6366
05:22:05,412 --> 05:22:06,379
SLEEP, OF COURSE DISRUPT 

6367
05:22:06,379 --> 05:22:10,083
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ASSOCIATED 

6368
05:22:10,083 --> 05:22:10,484
WITH WEIGHT GAIN.

6369
05:22:10,484 --> 05:22:11,818
AND SO THEN MOVING ON TO 

6370
05:22:11,818 --> 05:22:14,087
THINKING ABOUT THE FACTORS THAT 

6371
05:22:14,087 --> 05:22:17,390
ARE PROMOTING HEALTHY SLEEP WE 

6372
05:22:17,390 --> 05:22:20,360
LOOKED AT SOCIAL COHESION AND 

6373
05:22:20,360 --> 05:22:21,495
SAFETY AND FOUND THAT 

6374
05:22:21,495 --> 05:22:24,331
INDIVIDUALS THAT LIVE IN 

6375
05:22:24,331 --> 05:22:26,733
NEIGHBORHOODS WITH HIGHER SOCIAL

6376
05:22:26,733 --> 05:22:28,201
COHESION AND KNOW AND TRUST 

6377
05:22:28,201 --> 05:22:29,736
THEIR NEIGHBORS AND FEEL SAFER 

6378
05:22:29,736 --> 05:22:31,738
IS ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEPING 

6379
05:22:31,738 --> 05:22:32,739
LONGER EIGHT TO NINE MINUTES 

6380
05:22:32,739 --> 05:22:33,573
LONGER ON AVERAGE.

6381
05:22:33,573 --> 05:22:36,243
AND THEN WHEN WE LOOKED AT THESE

6382
05:22:36,243 --> 05:22:38,979
ASSOCIATIONS BY RACE, ETHNICITY,

6383
05:22:38,979 --> 05:22:41,948
WE FOUND THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE

6384
05:22:41,948 --> 05:22:44,351
PARTICULARLY PRONOUNCED AMONG 

6385
05:22:44,351 --> 05:22:45,485
THE BLACK AND HISPANIC 

6386
05:22:45,485 --> 05:22:45,919
PARTICIPANTS.

6387
05:22:45,919 --> 05:22:48,655
SO BLACK INDIVIDUALS THAT LIVED 

6388
05:22:48,655 --> 05:22:49,923
IN THESE AREAS WITH HIGHER 

6389
05:22:49,923 --> 05:22:52,492
SOCIAL COHESION AND SAFETY, 

6390
05:22:52,492 --> 05:22:54,361
SLEPT ON AVERAGE ABOUT 15 

6391
05:22:54,361 --> 05:22:55,929
MINUTES LONGER WHICH IS MORE 

6392
05:22:55,929 --> 05:22:58,765
CLINICALLY MEANINGFUL IF WE 

6393
05:22:58,765 --> 05:23:00,600
THINK ABOUT WHAT DURATION OF 

6394
05:23:00,600 --> 05:23:01,735
SLEEP MATTERS IN TERMS OF HEALTH

6395
05:23:01,735 --> 05:23:08,975
OUTCOMES.

6396
05:23:08,975 --> 05:23:11,111
SO IN LOOKING AT THE PATHWAY 

6397
05:23:11,111 --> 05:23:15,782
THAT MAY BE CONNECTING 

6398
05:23:15,782 --> 05:23:17,250
NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL COHESION AS 

6399
05:23:17,250 --> 05:23:21,488
A PROTECTIVE OR RESILIENT FACTOR

6400
05:23:21,488 --> 05:23:22,889
IS PERCEIVED STRESS THAT 

6401
05:23:22,889 --> 05:23:24,357
EXPLAINS A SMALL BIT SO THERE'S 

6402
05:23:24,357 --> 05:23:26,459
LIKELY SOMETHING ELSE AFFORDING 

6403
05:23:26,459 --> 05:23:28,428
AN ADVANTAGE ON SLEEP-HEALTH 

6404
05:23:28,428 --> 05:23:28,762
DURATION.

6405
05:23:28,762 --> 05:23:30,597
SOMETHING ABOUT THE SOCIAL 

6406
05:23:30,597 --> 05:23:32,032
CONNECTION IS MEANINGFUL FOR 

6407
05:23:32,032 --> 05:23:33,567
BLACK INDIVIDUALS AND SOMETHING 

6408
05:23:33,567 --> 05:23:35,135
THAT SHOULD BE LEVERAGED AND 

6409
05:23:35,135 --> 05:23:35,702
UNDERSTANDING THESE CON CAN 

6410
05:23:35,702 --> 05:23:37,137
ECSES.

6411
05:23:37,137 --> 05:23:43,944
-- CONNECTIONS.

6412
05:23:43,944 --> 05:23:45,679
SO WE FOUND THAT RUMINATION IS 

6413
05:23:45,679 --> 05:23:52,485
PART OF THIS PATHWAY.

6414
05:23:52,485 --> 05:23:54,054
SO THE SAME DISPARITIES WE'RE 

6415
05:23:54,054 --> 05:23:58,892
SEEING IN SLEEP WE ALSO SEE IN 

6416
05:23:58,892 --> 05:24:01,027
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH THAT 

6417
05:24:01,027 --> 05:24:07,634
RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIZED 

6418
05:24:07,634 --> 05:24:09,536
INDIVIDUAL HAVE SOCIO RISK 

6419
05:24:09,536 --> 05:24:10,370
FACTORS.

6420
05:24:10,370 --> 05:24:14,374
AND SO SOME OF THE RESEARCH HAS 

6421
05:24:14,374 --> 05:24:17,644
SHOWN SLEEP DISPARITIES 

6422
05:24:17,644 --> 05:24:18,378
CONTRIBUTE TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

6423
05:24:18,378 --> 05:24:19,346
DISPAR

6424
05:24:19,346 --> 05:24:19,846
DISPARITIES.

6425
05:24:19,846 --> 05:24:23,783
SO HERE IS A STUDY THAT SHOWED 

6426
05:24:23,783 --> 05:24:26,920
THE RACIAL DIFFERENCE IN CARDIO 

6427
05:24:26,920 --> 05:24:28,355
METABOLIC HEALTH WAS EXPLAINED 

6428
05:24:28,355 --> 05:24:30,357
BY SLEEP DURATION AND 

6429
05:24:30,357 --> 05:24:40,567
EFFICIENCY.

6430
05:24:41,601 --> 05:24:43,970
IT EXPLAINS BETWEEN 41% AND 51%.

6431
05:24:43,970 --> 05:24:46,106
SLEEP IS LIKELY AN AVENUE WHERE 

6432
05:24:46,106 --> 05:24:49,976
WE CAN MODIFY AND INTERVENE ON 

6433
05:24:49,976 --> 05:24:50,610
TO REDUCE CARDIOVASCULAR 

6434
05:24:50,610 --> 05:24:56,616
INEQUITIES.

6435
05:24:56,616 --> 05:25:00,353
SO HERE'S DATA FROM A STUDY IN 

6436
05:25:00,353 --> 05:25:03,623
ATLANTA CALLED AND HERE IT WAS 

6437
05:25:03,623 --> 05:25:05,992
INTERESTED AT LOOKING AT 

6438
05:25:05,992 --> 05:25:08,028
INDIVIDUALS ENROLLED IN 

6439
05:25:08,028 --> 05:25:09,529
RESILIENT AND ADD RISK 

6440
05:25:09,529 --> 05:25:10,363
NEIGHBORHOODS.

6441
05:25:10,363 --> 05:25:12,532
THOSE THAT LIVED IN 

6442
05:25:12,532 --> 05:25:13,133
NEIGHBORHOODS WITH LOWER 

6443
05:25:13,133 --> 05:25:16,536
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND THIS IS 

6444
05:25:16,536 --> 05:25:18,705
AMONG BLACK ADULTS THEY HAD 

6445
05:25:18,705 --> 05:25:20,507
BETTER AESTHETIC QUALITY AND 

6446
05:25:20,507 --> 05:25:23,376
WERE SAFER AND HAD ACCESS TO 

6447
05:25:23,376 --> 05:25:26,212
HEALTHY FOOD, HIGHER SOCIO 

6448
05:25:26,212 --> 05:25:27,347
COHESION AND PURPOSE AND LIFE 

6449
05:25:27,347 --> 05:25:29,749
AND OPTIMISM.

6450
05:25:29,749 --> 05:25:31,084
THESE ARE SPECIFIC MEASURES OF 

6451
05:25:31,084 --> 05:25:34,187
RESILIENCE THAT WERE ASSOCIATED 

6452
05:25:34,187 --> 05:25:34,754
WITH REDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR 

6453
05:25:34,754 --> 05:25:39,693
RISK.

6454
05:25:39,693 --> 05:25:41,995
THE SAME FACTORS ARE ALSO 

6455
05:25:41,995 --> 05:25:43,163
ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER SLEEP 

6456
05:25:43,163 --> 05:25:44,264
HEALTH OUTCOMES.

6457
05:25:44,264 --> 05:25:47,667
HERE'S SOME DATA FROM A STUDY 

6458
05:25:47,667 --> 05:25:48,968
WITH DID USING THE NATIONAL 

6459
05:25:48,968 --> 05:25:50,370
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE INTERESTED

6460
05:25:50,370 --> 05:25:52,138
IN UNDERSTANDING HEALTH 

6461
05:25:52,138 --> 05:25:53,807
PROMOTING FACTORS.

6462
05:25:53,807 --> 05:25:55,075
HERE WE LOOKED AT SOCIAL SUPPORT

6463
05:25:55,075 --> 05:25:58,345
IN RELATION TO SLEEP AND FOUND 

6464
05:25:58,345 --> 05:25:59,913
THAT INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGHER OR 

6465
05:25:59,913 --> 05:26:03,483
MORE SOURCES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT 

6466
05:26:03,483 --> 05:26:06,286
WHICH INCLUDED FINANCIAL 

6467
05:26:06,286 --> 05:26:08,621
SUPPORT, EMOTIONAL ATTENDANCE.

6468
05:26:08,621 --> 05:26:11,124
WE SAW AS THOSE DIFFERENT 

6469
05:26:11,124 --> 05:26:12,325
SOURCES INCREASED, WE SAW AN 

6470
05:26:12,325 --> 05:26:16,830
INCREASE IN SLEEP DURATION.

6471
05:26:16,830 --> 05:26:19,299
WE THINK FOR BLACK INDIVIDUALS 

6472
05:26:19,299 --> 05:26:20,533
THERE'S A MORE STARK INCREASE 

6473
05:26:20,533 --> 05:26:26,373
THAT OCCURS CAN WITH THIS 

6474
05:26:26,373 --> 05:26:32,679
ADVANTAGE OR HAVING SOCIAL 

6475
05:26:32,679 --> 05:26:35,448
SUPPORT.

6476
05:26:35,448 --> 05:26:39,052
WE SEE MULTI-LEVEL FACTORS ARE 

6477
05:26:39,052 --> 05:26:40,754
CONTRIBUTING TO ADVERSE HEALTH 

6478
05:26:40,754 --> 05:26:43,857
AND CAN LEVERAGE RESILIENCE 

6479
05:26:43,857 --> 05:26:45,325
FACTORS SUCH AS SOCIAL COHESION 

6480
05:26:45,325 --> 05:26:49,262
AND SOCIAL SUPPORT WHICH ARE 

6481
05:26:49,262 --> 05:26:49,996
PARTICULARLY BENEFICIAL FOR 

6482
05:26:49,996 --> 05:26:51,965
BLACK AND HISPANIC INDIVIDUALS.

6483
05:26:51,965 --> 05:26:58,772
SO SINCE THE DISPARITY 

6484
05:26:58,772 --> 05:27:00,106
CONTRIBUTING TO CARDIOVASCULAR 

6485
05:27:00,106 --> 05:27:01,908
DISPARITIES WE CAN LIKELY REDUCE

6486
05:27:01,908 --> 05:27:07,614
CARDIOVASCULAR INEQUITIES.

6487
05:27:07,614 --> 05:27:09,716
HERE'S A LIST OF THE RESEARCH 

6488
05:27:09,716 --> 05:27:09,916
GAPS.

6489
05:27:09,916 --> 05:27:11,684
IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK HOW 

6490
05:27:11,684 --> 05:27:13,019
RESILIENCE CAN BE USED TO 

6491
05:27:13,019 --> 05:27:15,288
MITIGATE HARMFUL AFFECTS OF 

6492
05:27:15,288 --> 05:27:17,991
THESE DIFFERENT RISK FACTORS ON 

6493
05:27:17,991 --> 05:27:19,058
SLEEP AND LOOK AT SPECIFIC 

6494
05:27:19,058 --> 05:27:22,262
MEASURES SUCH AS MASTERY AND 

6495
05:27:22,262 --> 05:27:25,698
COPING AND ALSO UNDERSTANDING 

6496
05:27:25,698 --> 05:27:28,201
THE DIFFERENCE LINKS.

6497
05:27:28,201 --> 05:27:29,402
LEVERAGING DIFFERENT 

6498
05:27:29,402 --> 05:27:32,205
LONGITUDINAL AND POPULATION 

6499
05:27:32,205 --> 05:27:32,806
LEVEL DATA TO UNDERSTAND THE 

6500
05:27:32,806 --> 05:27:40,447
SPECIFIC MECHANISMS.

6501
05:27:40,447 --> 05:27:43,750
I'LL END WITH THE TWO QUESTION.

6502
05:27:43,750 --> 05:27:45,151
WHAT ARE EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES 

6503
05:27:45,151 --> 05:27:48,588
FOR PROMOTING INDIVIDUAL AND 

6504
05:27:48,588 --> 05:27:49,856
NEIGHBORHOOD RESILIENCE.

6505
05:27:49,856 --> 05:27:51,124
ALSO, DO RESILIENCE FACTORS 

6506
05:27:51,124 --> 05:27:53,593
MODIFY THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 

6507
05:27:53,593 --> 05:27:55,528
RISK FACTORS AND SLEEP AND/OR 

6508
05:27:55,528 --> 05:28:00,500
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

6509
05:28:00,500 --> 05:28:02,669
FOR FUTURE DIRECTION IT'S 

6510
05:28:02,669 --> 05:28:05,672
IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT AND 

6511
05:28:05,672 --> 05:28:07,207
UTILIZE AND HELP EQUITY 

6512
05:28:07,207 --> 05:28:10,376
FRAMEWORK TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF

6513
05:28:10,376 --> 05:28:11,711
RESILIENCE IN ADDRESSING SLEEP 

6514
05:28:11,711 --> 05:28:12,545
AND CARDIOVASCULAR INEQUITIES 

6515
05:28:12,545 --> 05:28:13,613
AND LEVERAGING RESILIENCE AT THE

6516
05:28:13,613 --> 05:28:19,118
INTERVENTION STRATEGY.

6517
05:28:19,118 --> 05:28:22,255
THANK YOU AGAIN FOR LISTENING 

6518
05:28:22,255 --> 05:28:22,589
AND YOUR TIME.

6519
05:28:22,589 --> 05:28:23,990
>> THANK YOU, DR. JOHNSON.

6520
05:28:23,990 --> 05:28:24,991
THAT WAS A TERRIFIC TALK AND 

6521
05:28:24,991 --> 05:28:28,528
INTRIGUING DATA.

6522
05:28:28,528 --> 05:28:30,830
>> WE HAVE ABOUT 20
MINUTES TO 

6523
05:28:30,830 --> 05:28:33,500
DO A DISCUSSION AND QUESTION AND

6524
05:28:33,500 --> 05:28:34,234
ANSWER SESSION BEFORE WE WRAP UP

6525
05:28:34,234 --> 05:28:38,638
THE DAY.

6526
05:28:38,638 --> 05:28:40,173
LIKED TO THANK THE SPEAKERS FOR 

6527
05:28:40,173 --> 05:28:41,174
THE AFTERNOON SESSION AND 

6528
05:28:41,174 --> 05:28:46,379
WELCOME THEM BACK TO HAVE A 

6529
05:28:46,379 --> 05:28:51,184
PANEL DISCUSSION WHILE WE'RE 

6530
05:28:51,184 --> 05:28:52,685
GATHERING QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

6531
05:28:52,685 --> 05:28:55,288
PUT THEM IN THE CHAT OR UNMUTE 

6532
05:28:55,288 --> 05:28:57,657
TO ASK.

6533
05:28:57,657 --> 05:29:00,393
I'LL GIVE A BRIEF SUMMARY.

6534
05:29:00,393 --> 05:29:02,529
WE HEARD ABOUT CARDIOVASCULAR 

6535
05:29:02,529 --> 05:29:03,930
RISK WITH INEFFICIENT SLEEP AND 

6536
05:29:03,930 --> 05:29:06,366
MOST THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE ABOUT 

6537
05:29:06,366 --> 05:29:08,635
SLEEP IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK WAS

6538
05:29:08,635 --> 05:29:11,337
ORIGINALLY DERIVED FROM EXTREME 

6539
05:29:11,337 --> 05:29:14,374
SHORT EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES BUT 

6540
05:29:14,374 --> 05:29:18,444
HAS RECENTLY SHOWN EVIDENCE THAT

6541
05:29:18,444 --> 05:29:20,079
MILD SLEEP CURTAILMENT 

6542
05:29:20,079 --> 05:29:24,984
CONTRIBUTE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS 

6543
05:29:24,984 --> 05:29:26,352
AND INFLAMMATION AND THERAPEUTIC

6544
05:29:26,352 --> 05:29:29,255
TARGETS INCLUDING ACTIVATORS AND

6545
05:29:29,255 --> 05:29:34,961
GROWTH HORMONE WHICH IS VERY 

6546
05:29:34,961 --> 05:29:38,498
EXCITING AND DR. SWIRSKI 

6547
05:29:38,498 --> 05:29:40,767
PRESENTED EVERYDAY ABOUT MICE 

6548
05:29:40,767 --> 05:29:44,904
AND SLEEP FRAGMENTATION AND 

6549
05:29:44,904 --> 05:29:45,538
INCREASES HEMATOPOIESIS IN THE 

6550
05:29:45,538 --> 05:29:48,007
BONE MARROW AND WHEN WE 

6551
05:29:48,007 --> 05:29:50,109
INTERRUPT SLEEP IT KICKS A 

6552
05:29:50,109 --> 05:29:53,580
PROCESS THAT LEADS TO 

6553
05:29:53,580 --> 05:29:55,281
ATHEROSCLEROTIC GROWTH AND IT'S 

6554
05:29:55,281 --> 05:29:59,018
INTERESTING THE MICE RETURNING 

6555
05:29:59,018 --> 05:30:02,822
BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS TOOK A LONG 

6556
05:30:02,822 --> 05:30:10,363
TIME AND THERE WERE EPIGENETIC 

6557
05:30:10,363 --> 05:30:20,607
CHANGES ON THE HEMATOPOIETIC 

6558
05:30:20,607 --> 05:30:22,475
STEM CELLS AND DR. JOHNSON 

6559
05:30:22,475 --> 05:30:25,712
TALKED ABOUT SLEEP DISPARITIES 

6560
05:30:25,712 --> 05:30:27,680
AND NON-HISPANIC WHITES.

6561
05:30:27,680 --> 05:30:29,949
IING OUT THE WAS INTERESTING 

6562
05:30:29,949 --> 05:30:31,117
WHAT YOU TALKED ABOUT HIGHER SES

6563
05:30:31,117 --> 05:30:33,086
WAS NOT PROTECTIVE AMONG THE 

6564
05:30:33,086 --> 05:30:33,453
GROUPS.

6565
05:30:33,453 --> 05:30:36,122
THE REASONS MAY BE DUE TO THE 

6566
05:30:36,122 --> 05:30:37,991
BUILT ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS GOOD 

6567
05:30:37,991 --> 05:30:40,360
FOR PREVENTING OBESITY BUT NOT 

6568
05:30:40,360 --> 05:30:42,195
NECESSARILY GOOD FOR SLEEP 

6569
05:30:42,195 --> 05:30:42,829
HEALTH POTENTIALLY DUE TO NOISE 

6570
05:30:42,829 --> 05:30:44,897
AND LIGHT.

6571
05:30:44,897 --> 05:30:47,600
SLEEP MAY BE A PROMISING AREA TO

6572
05:30:47,600 --> 05:30:49,268
INTERVENE ON RACIAL DISPARITIES 

6573
05:30:49,268 --> 05:30:55,708
IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.

6574
05:30:55,708 --> 05:30:56,743
THANK YOU AGAIN TO OUR SPEAKERS 

6575
05:30:56,743 --> 05:30:58,378
AND THERE'S QUESTIONS IN THE 

6576
05:30:58,378 --> 05:31:02,949
CHAT.

6577
05:31:02,949 --> 05:31:08,154
I SEE A QUESTION ABOUT 

6578
05:31:08,154 --> 05:31:12,358
ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYSFUNCTION AND

6579
05:31:12,358 --> 05:31:15,194
YOU'RE WELCOME TO ASK IT LIVE.

6580
05:31:15,194 --> 05:31:17,196
OR IF YOU WANT ME TO READ IT I'M

6581
05:31:17,196 --> 05:31:27,507
HAPPY TO AS WELL.

6582
05:31:28,641 --> 05:31:31,277
>> I WAS JUST CURIOUS IF
YOU 

6583
05:31:31,277 --> 05:31:34,013
COULD SPECULATE ABOUT THE SEX 

6584
05:31:34,013 --> 05:31:39,152
DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH HORMONE 

6585
05:31:39,152 --> 05:31:41,954
SECRETION AND WHETHER THAT MAY 

6586
05:31:41,954 --> 05:31:45,558
HOW IT INDICATES INSUFFICIENT 

6587
05:31:45,558 --> 05:31:46,192
SLEEP AND RISK.

6588
05:31:46,192 --> 05:31:55,301
>> I HAVE NO IDEA.

6589
05:31:55,301 --> 05:32:05,845
MEN HAVE A SHARP SPIKE AND THE 

6590
05:32:41,047 --> 05:32:44,350
STUDY WAS A SIX-WEEK OUT PATIENT

6591
05:32:44,350 --> 05:32:48,221
STUDY FOR GROWTH HORMONE YOU 

6592
05:32:48,221 --> 05:32:52,225
NEED A SAMPLING EVERY HALF AN 

6593
05:32:52,225 --> 05:32:55,595
HOUR TO BALANCE THE FUNDS OF 

6594
05:32:55,595 --> 05:32:55,995
EVERYTHING.

6595
05:32:55,995 --> 05:33:06,472
I THINK YOU NEED TO PROFILE 

6596
05:33:09,609 --> 05:33:12,945
CONSTRUCT THE CURVES AND I DO 

6597
05:33:12,945 --> 05:33:14,947
THINK IT NEEDS TO BE LOOKED AT.

6598
05:33:14,947 --> 05:33:20,153
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

6599
05:33:20,153 --> 05:33:30,396
I DIDN'T KNOW.

6600
05:33:49,282 --> 05:33:52,185
>> SINCE SUCH LIGHT
EXPOSURE CAN

6601
05:33:52,185 --> 05:33:53,753
PROMOTE AROUSAL WAS THE ONSET OF

6602
05:33:53,753 --> 05:33:57,456
SLEEP TIME ALTERED FOR THE BOUTS

6603
05:33:57,456 --> 05:33:58,157
OF WAKEFULNESS LONGER?

6604
05:33:58,157 --> 05:34:02,461
>> THAT'S A GREAT
QUESTION.

6605
05:34:02,461 --> 05:34:09,168
SO, WE USED DATA FROM NHANES A 

6606
05:34:09,168 --> 05:34:13,306
POPULATION-LEVEL DATA SET.

6607
05:34:13,306 --> 05:34:15,942
WE AND WE MEASURED SLEEP BUT THE

6608
05:34:15,942 --> 05:34:19,812
WAY THE DATA ARE SHARED YOU CAN 

6609
05:34:19,812 --> 05:34:21,347
ONLY CAPTURE SLEEP ACROSS 24 

6610
05:34:21,347 --> 05:34:24,350
HOURS IN TERMS OF DURATION.

6611
05:34:24,350 --> 05:34:27,019
WE'RE WORKING NOW TO TRY TO 

6612
05:34:27,019 --> 05:34:28,187
SEPARATE OUT SOME OF THE DATA TO

6613
05:34:28,187 --> 05:34:31,290
LOOK AT OTHER DIMENSIONS OF 

6614
05:34:31,290 --> 05:34:31,757
SLEEP.

6615
05:34:31,757 --> 05:34:33,993
AND SO THE SHORT ANSWER IS WE 

6616
05:34:33,993 --> 05:34:36,028
HAVE NOT LOOKED AT THAT YET 

6617
05:34:36,028 --> 05:34:38,497
HOWEVER, WE DO PLAN ON IT AS 

6618
05:34:38,497 --> 05:34:43,436
SOON AS WE FIGURE OUT HOW TO 

6619
05:34:43,436 --> 05:34:44,670
MANIPULATE THE DATA SET THAT WAS

6620
05:34:44,670 --> 05:34:44,871
SENT.

6621
05:34:44,871 --> 05:34:50,810
WE HAVE OTHER STUDIES SO FOR MY 

6622
05:34:50,810 --> 05:34:55,314
RO1 WE HAVE INDIVIDUALS WEAR A 

6623
05:34:55,314 --> 05:35:00,887
LIGHT SENSOR FOR 24 HOURS AND 14

6624
05:35:00,887 --> 05:35:07,126
DAYS AND COLLECTING ACTIGRAPHY 

6625
05:35:07,126 --> 05:35:08,728
AND WE'RE STILL IN THE DATA 

6626
05:35:08,728 --> 05:35:09,829
COLLECTION PHASE.

6627
05:35:09,829 --> 05:35:12,398
>> WONDERFUL, THANKS.

6628
05:35:12,398 --> 05:35:13,699
QUICK FOLLOW-UP ALSO IN THE 

6629
05:35:13,699 --> 05:35:19,005
CHAT, IN TERMS OF THE HEALTH 

6630
05:35:19,005 --> 05:35:22,642
DISPARITY FRAMEWORK IF THERE'S A

6631
05:35:22,642 --> 05:35:24,076
FRAMEWORK YOU SUGGEST COULD BE 

6632
05:35:24,076 --> 05:35:25,077
USED FOR RESEARCH.

6633
05:35:25,077 --> 05:35:26,112
>> GREAT QUESTION.

6634
05:35:26,112 --> 05:35:32,585
I OFTEN USE THE SOCIAL 

6635
05:35:32,585 --> 05:35:33,586
ECOLOGICAL MODEL.

6636
05:35:33,586 --> 05:35:35,755
THE MODEL IS DISPLAYED ON THE 

6637
05:35:35,755 --> 05:35:40,559
NIMHD WEBSITE.

6638
05:35:40,559 --> 05:35:43,262
THERE'S ALSO SEVERAL PAPERS ON 

6639
05:35:43,262 --> 05:35:48,234
SLEEP DISPARITIES THAT UTILIZE 

6640
05:35:48,234 --> 05:35:49,335
THIS AND CONSIDERS THE 

6641
05:35:49,335 --> 05:35:51,404
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN HOW 

6642
05:35:51,404 --> 05:35:52,571
INDIVIDUALS ARE NESTED WITHIN 

6643
05:35:52,571 --> 05:35:55,074
THE BROADER FRAMEWORKS AND IT'S 

6644
05:35:55,074 --> 05:36:00,146
THOSE BROADER ENVIRONMENTS THAT 

6645
05:36:00,146 --> 05:36:10,856
ARE ACTUAL LY LEAD TO THE POORE 

6646
05:36:14,927 --> 05:36:17,530
OUTCOMES AND BEHAVIORS.

6647
05:36:17,530 --> 05:36:18,698
I GAVE AN EXAMPLE THAT 

6648
05:36:18,698 --> 05:36:19,699
INDIVIDUALS THAT LIVE IN 

6649
05:36:19,699 --> 05:36:24,603
NEIGHBORHOODS THAT HAVE MORE 

6650
05:36:24,603 --> 05:36:28,341
CRIME OR VIOLENCE OFTEN USE THE 

6651
05:36:28,341 --> 05:36:29,942
TELEVISION TO PROMOTE NOISE AND 

6652
05:36:29,942 --> 05:36:36,115
LIGHT AS A PROXY FOR SAFETY BUT 

6653
05:36:36,115 --> 05:36:39,485
AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL YOU SEE 

6654
05:36:39,485 --> 05:36:42,054
SOMEONE AND TELL THEM TO TURN 

6655
05:36:42,054 --> 05:36:43,756
OFF THE TELEVISION AT NIGHT AND 

6656
05:36:43,756 --> 05:36:45,124
IGNORES THE BROADER CONTEXT AND 

6657
05:36:45,124 --> 05:36:46,359
THEY'RE PROBABLY NOT ABLE TO DO 

6658
05:36:46,359 --> 05:36:53,366
THAT.

6659
05:36:53,366 --> 05:36:54,934
YOU'RE PUSHING THE TRADE-OFF FOR

6660
05:36:54,934 --> 05:37:01,907
SLEEP FOR SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT.

6661
05:37:01,907 --> 05:37:04,477
USING THAT FRAMEWORK WILL HELP 

6662
05:37:04,477 --> 05:37:05,611
THINK WITH THE HOUSEHOLD AND 

6663
05:37:05,611 --> 05:37:09,949
NEIGHBORHOOD AS WELL AS THE 

6664
05:37:09,949 --> 05:37:11,083
WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT IN THERE 

6665
05:37:11,083 --> 05:37:14,353
AND ALSO SOCIETAL FACTORS SUCH 

6666
05:37:14,353 --> 05:37:17,423
AS LAWS THAT PROMOTE CERTAIN 

6667
05:37:17,423 --> 05:37:17,823
BEHAVIORS.

6668
05:37:17,823 --> 05:37:18,724
>> GREAT POINT.

6669
05:37:18,724 --> 05:37:21,127
I THOUGHT IT WAS A COMPELLING 

6670
05:37:21,127 --> 05:37:22,828
FINDING ABOUT THE TV BEING USED 

6671
05:37:22,828 --> 05:37:24,263
FOR SAFETY AND IMPORTANT IN 

6672
05:37:24,263 --> 05:37:25,331
LOOKING AT SLEEP BEHAVIORS.

6673
05:37:25,331 --> 05:37:35,508
THANK YOU.

6674
05:37:37,810 --> 05:37:41,013
>> WE KNOW ABOUT THE MICE
AND 

6675
05:37:41,013 --> 05:37:42,348
THE SLEEPING BAR AND THE 

6676
05:37:42,348 --> 05:37:44,283
LINGERING EFFECTS AND KNOW YOU 

6677
05:37:44,283 --> 05:37:46,852
STARTED TO WORK WITH HUMANS IN A

6678
05:37:46,852 --> 05:37:48,854
SLEEP RESTRICTION TRIAL AND 

6679
05:37:48,854 --> 05:37:50,356
LOOKING AT HEMATOPOIESIS AND I 

6680
05:37:50,356 --> 05:37:55,761
THINK ABOUT NEW MOTHERS WHO MAY 

6681
05:37:55,761 --> 05:37:58,364
BE WOKEN UP SEVEN OR EIGHT TIMES

6682
05:37:58,364 --> 05:38:01,400
A NIGHT FOR A YEAR OR LONGER AS 

6683
05:38:01,400 --> 05:38:03,636
A NEW MOTHER AND HAVE YOU 

6684
05:38:03,636 --> 05:38:05,771
STARTED TO LOOK AT SLEEP 

6685
05:38:05,771 --> 05:38:07,339
DISTURBANCES AMONG HUMANS OR 

6686
05:38:07,339 --> 05:38:09,175
JUST SLEEP RESTRICTION SO FAR?

6687
05:38:09,175 --> 05:38:11,744
>> THOSE ARE GREAT
QUESTIONS.

6688
05:38:11,744 --> 05:38:13,312
IT'S TRUE WE'RE COMPARING MICE 

6689
05:38:13,312 --> 05:38:18,284
TO PEOPLE AND THERE'S MANY 

6690
05:38:18,284 --> 05:38:19,385
DIFFEREN

6691
05:38:19,385 --> 05:38:21,153
DIFFERENCES IN TERMS MUCH WHEN 

6692
05:38:21,153 --> 05:38:22,822
MICE AND HUMANS SLEEP.

6693
05:38:22,822 --> 05:38:32,665
A FEW THINGS TO SAY TO THIS.

6694
05:38:32,665 --> 05:38:34,500
THE SLEEP FRAGMENTATION INDUCING

6695
05:38:34,500 --> 05:38:38,604
IN MICE IS NOT THE SAME AS SLEEP

6696
05:38:38,604 --> 05:38:38,904
DEPRIVATION.

6697
05:38:38,904 --> 05:38:41,640
IT'S INTERRUPTING SLEEP AND THE 

6698
05:38:41,640 --> 05:38:46,445
MICE DO CATCH UP ON SLEEP SO THE

6699
05:38:46,445 --> 05:38:47,480
ARCHITECTURE IS VERY MUCH 

6700
05:38:47,480 --> 05:38:52,518
DIFFERENT AND IT'S AKIN TO WHAT 

6701
05:38:52,518 --> 05:38:54,854
HAPPENS IN THE CONTEXT OF 

6702
05:38:54,854 --> 05:38:57,123
NARCOLEPSY AND IN THE CONTEXT OF

6703
05:38:57,123 --> 05:39:00,126
SLEEP APNEA ELIMINATING THE 

6704
05:39:00,126 --> 05:39:03,762
HYPOXIC ELEMENT TO IT MAY BE 

6705
05:39:03,762 --> 05:39:09,502
SOMETHING THAT VERY MUCH HAPPENS

6706
05:39:09,502 --> 05:39:19,979
WHEN THERE IS WORK SHOWING 

6707
05:39:27,920 --> 05:39:35,461
WHETHER IT'S FRAGMENTATION OR 

6708
05:39:35,461 --> 05:39:38,797
DEPRIVATION, ATHEIR SCLEROTIC 

6709
05:39:38,797 --> 05:39:41,534
LESIONS INCREASE AND THE MICE 

6710
05:39:41,534 --> 05:39:44,303
EXPOSED TO SLEEP DEFRAGMENTATION

6711
05:39:44,303 --> 05:39:50,342
AND PEOPLE JUST SLEEPING AN HOUR

6712
05:39:50,342 --> 05:39:56,849
AND A HALF LESS SAY WE STILL SAW

6713
05:39:56,849 --> 05:40:00,386
A SIMILAR EFFECT ON THE 

6714
05:40:00,386 --> 05:40:03,289
CIRCULATING MONOCYTES THAT LINE 

6715
05:40:03,289 --> 05:40:04,957
WITH THEIR CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 

6716
05:40:04,957 --> 05:40:07,459
WHICH SPEAKS TO FUNDAMENTAL 

6717
05:40:07,459 --> 05:40:10,529
BIOLOGY WITH SLEEP ARCHITECTURE 

6718
05:40:10,529 --> 05:40:15,601
AND THE LAST QUESTION THAT YOU 

6719
05:40:15,601 --> 05:40:18,604
ASKED THERE'S QUITE A BIT TO 

6720
05:40:18,604 --> 05:40:18,837
UNPACK.

6721
05:40:18,837 --> 05:40:20,906
WE HAVE STUDIES ONGOING ON THE 

6722
05:40:20,906 --> 05:40:23,008
ONE HAND WE'RE INTERRUPTING 

6723
05:40:23,008 --> 05:40:33,452
SLEEP IN PREGNANT MOMS OR 

6724
05:40:37,423 --> 05:40:47,032
SUBJECTING THEM TO STRESSORS AND

6725
05:40:47,032 --> 05:40:48,867
THERE'S A BIT TO EXPLORE WHETHER

6726
05:40:48,867 --> 05:40:54,106
THE STRESSORS ARE SLEEP OR 

6727
05:40:54,106 --> 05:40:57,710
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS FASTING IS 

6728
05:40:57,710 --> 05:41:00,980
AN ELEMENT TO THIS AND HOW IT 

6729
05:41:00,980 --> 05:41:01,614
AFFECTS BIOLOGY EVEN IN THE NEXT

6730
05:41:01,614 --> 05:41:03,549
GENERATION.

6731
05:41:03,549 --> 05:41:04,350
>> WOW, OKAY.

6732
05:41:04,350 --> 05:41:06,352
THAT'S INTERESTING.

6733
05:41:06,352 --> 05:41:07,086
THANK YOU.

6734
05:41:07,086 --> 05:41:09,088
SOUNDS LIKE THE EFFECTS COULD BE

6735
05:41:09,088 --> 05:41:09,421
FAR REACHING.

6736
05:41:09,421 --> 05:41:15,060
WHERE HE  -- WE LOOK FORWARD TO 

6737
05:41:15,060 --> 05:41:15,261
THAT.

6738
05:41:15,261 --> 05:41:17,896
I HAVE A QUESTION FOR DR. JELIC.

6739
05:41:17,896 --> 05:41:20,299
YOU PRESENTED RESEARCH ON HOW 

6740
05:41:20,299 --> 05:41:22,034
INEFFICIENT SLEEP INCREASES 

6741
05:41:22,034 --> 05:41:22,868
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND WHEN WE 

6742
05:41:22,868 --> 05:41:25,337
WERE PLANNING THE WORKSHOP WE 

6743
05:41:25,337 --> 05:41:28,440
STARTED TO THINK AND TALK ABOUT 

6744
05:41:28,440 --> 05:41:31,010
HOW SLEEP COULD POTENTIALLY 

6745
05:41:31,010 --> 05:41:31,577
IMPROVE CARDIOVASCULAR 

6746
05:41:31,577 --> 05:41:33,379
RESILIENCE AND THAT'S NOT REALLY

6747
05:41:33,379 --> 05:41:43,789
WHERE THE FIELD IS YET.

6748
05:41:47,693 --> 05:41:52,031
I WAS THINK OF IMPROVING 

6749
05:41:52,031 --> 05:41:52,665
CARDIOVASCULAR RESILIENCE OR 

6750
05:41:52,665 --> 05:41:55,434
RISK FACTORS.

6751
05:41:55,434 --> 05:41:57,436
>> I THINK THE BIOLOGICAL 

6752
05:41:57,436 --> 05:41:59,872
EFFECTS OF THE SO-CALLED 

6753
05:41:59,872 --> 05:42:04,243
POSITIVE BEHAVIOR LIKE POSITIVE 

6754
05:42:04,243 --> 05:42:05,711
SLEEP BEHAVIOR WOULD BE A THING 

6755
05:42:05,711 --> 05:42:06,845
LIKE SLEEPING EIGHT HOURS IS 

6756
05:42:06,845 --> 05:42:09,648
GREAT AND WE KNOW THIS FROM 

6757
05:42:09,648 --> 05:42:11,950
NEGATIVE STUDIES WE DON'T KNOW 

6758
05:42:11,950 --> 05:42:13,552
WHETHER REVERSING SOMEBODY WHO 

6759
05:42:13,552 --> 05:42:16,355
SLEEPS POORLY OR SHORTLY OR 

6760
05:42:16,355 --> 05:42:21,093
INSUFFICIENTLY WHETHER THAT 

6761
05:42:21,093 --> 05:42:24,263
WOULD IMPROVE THEIR RESILIENCE 

6762
05:42:24,263 --> 05:42:27,299
THAT WOULD TRANSLATE TO 

6763
05:42:27,299 --> 05:42:27,599
RESILIENCE.

6764
05:42:27,599 --> 05:42:29,568
I WANT TO MAKE CLEAR WE'RE JUST 

6765
05:42:29,568 --> 05:42:32,137
LOOKING AT SURROGATE MARKERS OF 

6766
05:42:32,137 --> 05:42:32,771
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH BECAUSE 

6767
05:42:32,771 --> 05:42:37,409
DESIGNING THE PREVENTION STUDIES

6768
05:42:37,409 --> 05:42:42,614
IS NOT POSSIBLE INCLUDING THIS.

6769
05:42:42,614 --> 05:42:53,125
WE HAVE TO BE HAPPY WITH THE 

6770
05:42:54,093 --> 05:42:57,629
ASSOCIATIONS AND SOMEONE WITH C 

6771
05:42:57,629 --> 05:43:01,600
PAP HAVING A DISCUSSION WITH 

6772
05:43:01,600 --> 05:43:07,172
SEVERAL PEOPLE WHO LIKE C PAP 

6773
05:43:07,172 --> 05:43:08,974
IT'S VERY DIFFICULT WE WILL NEED

6774
05:43:08,974 --> 05:43:11,110
TO PROFILE AND PHENOTYPE IN 

6775
05:43:11,110 --> 05:43:12,611
DETAIL WHAT TYPE OF SLEEP 

6776
05:43:12,611 --> 05:43:13,846
PROBLEM THEY HAVE BECAUSE IT'S 

6777
05:43:13,846 --> 05:43:16,915
NOT ONLY SLEEP DURATION BUT 

6778
05:43:16,915 --> 05:43:19,017
SLEEP QUALITY EVEN IF YOU HAVE 

6779
05:43:19,017 --> 05:43:20,619
ENOUGH SLEEP DURATION MAYBE POOR

6780
05:43:20,619 --> 05:43:23,355
QUALITY IS PLAYING A ROLE OR 

6781
05:43:23,355 --> 05:43:26,892
HAVE A VARIABLE SLEEP TIME AND I

6782
05:43:26,892 --> 05:43:32,464
I'LL USE THE FEW MINUTES IN THE 

6783
05:43:32,464 --> 05:43:42,374
STUDY I PRESENTED WE ADVISED 

6784
05:43:42,374 --> 05:43:47,946
WOMEN TO KEEP A CONSTANT BED 

6785
05:43:47,946 --> 05:43:49,248
TIME AND WEIGHT YOU WOULD THINK 

6786
05:43:49,248 --> 05:43:51,083
THAT'S EASY TO FOLLOW BUT 

6787
05:43:51,083 --> 05:43:52,217
TWO-THIRDS FOLLOWED THE DEVICE 

6788
05:43:52,217 --> 05:44:02,594
AND ONE-THIRD DID NOT.

6789
05:44:02,795 --> 05:44:06,999
THOSE WHO FOLLOWED THE 

6790
05:44:06,999 --> 05:44:10,569
GUIDELINES REDUCED INFLAMMATION 

6791
05:44:10,569 --> 05:44:13,105
SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION AND LOOKED

6792
05:44:13,105 --> 05:44:18,076
AT THE PLATELET AGGREGATES AND 

6793
05:44:18,076 --> 05:44:25,384
MIRACULOUSLY REDUCED ADIPOSE AND

6794
05:44:25,384 --> 05:44:28,187
VISCERAL BODY COMPOSITION AFTER 

6795
05:44:28,187 --> 05:44:30,889
SIX WEEKS OF ADJUSTING THE 

6796
05:44:30,889 --> 05:44:31,089
SLEEP.

6797
05:44:31,089 --> 05:44:33,625
I FIND THE POSITIVE BEHAVIORS 

6798
05:44:33,625 --> 05:44:35,561
EVEN IF YOU THINK YOU'RE DOING 

6799
05:44:35,561 --> 05:44:37,463
GREAT, PERHAPS THERE'S ALWAYS 

6800
05:44:37,463 --> 05:44:38,697
SOME ROOM FOR SLIGHT 

6801
05:44:38,697 --> 05:44:39,264
IMPROVEMENT.

6802
05:44:39,264 --> 05:44:49,808
YES, DEFINITELY I THINK WE APPLY

6803
05:44:52,878 --> 05:44:56,782
FOR GRANTS ABOUT SLEEP 

6804
05:44:56,782 --> 05:44:57,783
DEPRIVATION IS BAD BUT MAYBE 

6805
05:44:57,783 --> 05:44:58,417
SOMETHING POSITIVE I THINK IS 

6806
05:44:58,417 --> 05:45:00,919
NEEDED.

6807
05:45:00,919 --> 05:45:05,457
>> GREAT POINT AND IT'S
AMAZING 

6808
05:45:05,457 --> 05:45:06,825
AFTER SIX WEEKS OF ADJUSTING 

6809
05:45:06,825 --> 05:45:08,527
SLEEP THEY LOST A SIGNIFICANT 

6810
05:45:08,527 --> 05:45:10,128
AMOUNT OF VISCERAL FAT.

6811
05:45:10,128 --> 05:45:12,564
I SEE A QUESTION IN THE CHAT FOR

6812
05:45:12,564 --> 05:45:14,233
DR. JOHNSON AND IF YOU WANT TO 

6813
05:45:14,233 --> 05:45:16,435
ANSWER IT LIVE IT MAY BE EASIER 

6814
05:45:16,435 --> 05:45:19,104
INSTEAD OF TYPING YOUR ANSWER.

6815
05:45:19,104 --> 05:45:22,107
THE QUESTION WAS THINK ABOUT 

6816
05:45:22,107 --> 05:45:24,209
RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF 

6817
05:45:24,209 --> 05:45:25,377
ADVERSITY.

6818
05:45:25,377 --> 05:45:28,213
THERE MAY BE AN ARGUMENT 

6819
05:45:28,213 --> 05:45:30,516
MINORITIZED PEOPLE THAT LIVE 

6820
05:45:30,516 --> 05:45:33,118
WITH STRUCTURAL RACISM HAVE HAD 

6821
05:45:33,118 --> 05:45:34,653
NO CHOICE BUT TO BE RESILIENT 

6822
05:45:34,653 --> 05:45:37,222
AND DO WE THINK OF THIS IN TERMS

6823
05:45:37,222 --> 05:45:39,291
OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND IF

6824
05:45:39,291 --> 05:45:40,158
SO, HOW?

6825
05:45:40,158 --> 05:45:42,127
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION
AND 

6826
05:45:42,127 --> 05:45:42,961
ONE WE'RE REGULARLY PONDERING IN

6827
05:45:42,961 --> 05:45:53,272
MY RESEARCH GROUP.

6828
05:45:56,008 --> 05:45:57,376
FIRST IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOT 

6829
05:45:57,376 --> 05:45:58,810
ASSUME RESILIENCE IS ALWAYS A 

6830
05:45:58,810 --> 05:45:59,478
GOOD THING.

6831
05:45:59,478 --> 05:46:01,513
AS BRIEFLY MENTIONED IN THE 

6832
05:46:01,513 --> 05:46:03,749
RESPONSE FROM DR. COOK EARLIER, 

6833
05:46:03,749 --> 05:46:09,721
IT ALSO CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH 

6834
05:46:09,721 --> 05:46:13,292
NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES AND CAN

6835
05:46:13,292 --> 05:46:15,694
HAVE A NEGATIVE OUTCOME AND 

6836
05:46:15,694 --> 05:46:17,162
BEING RESILIENT CAN BE 

6837
05:46:17,162 --> 05:46:19,164
ASSOCIATED WITH THE SENSE OF 

6838
05:46:19,164 --> 05:46:21,567
BEING TOLERANT OF ADVERSITY 

6839
05:46:21,567 --> 05:46:24,503
WHICH IS NOT NECESSARILY A GOOD 

6840
05:46:24,503 --> 05:46:27,940
THING AND ALSO CAN ALSO 

6841
05:46:27,940 --> 05:46:29,942
ENCOURAGE FALSE EXPECTATIONS AND

6842
05:46:29,942 --> 05:46:32,844
WE'VE LOOKED AT THINGS LIKE LOW 

6843
05:46:32,844 --> 05:46:34,913
STRIVING STRESS IN RELATION TO 

6844
05:46:34,913 --> 05:46:36,882
SLEEP AND FOUND IT WAS 

6845
05:46:36,882 --> 05:46:37,749
ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SLEEP 

6846
05:46:37,749 --> 05:46:38,383
HEALTH AMONG BLACK ADULTS IN THE

6847
05:46:38,383 --> 05:46:48,493
SOUTH.

6848
05:46:52,598 --> 05:46:54,099
I ENCOURAGE READING ABOUT IT AND

6849
05:46:54,099 --> 05:46:57,536
IT TALKS ABOUT INDIVIDUALS WHO 

6850
05:46:57,536 --> 05:47:01,440
ARE FACED WITH HIGH ADVERSITY 

6851
05:47:01,440 --> 05:47:03,742
AND HOW THEY'VE HAD COPING.

6852
05:47:03,742 --> 05:47:07,412
THERE'S DATA THAT SHOW THAT'S 

6853
05:47:07,412 --> 05:47:12,451
ASSOCIATE WITH HIGHER BLOOD 

6854
05:47:12,451 --> 05:47:13,752
PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION 

6855
05:47:13,752 --> 05:47:19,591
SPECIFICALLY AND THIS SIS MY 

6856
05:47:19,591 --> 05:47:20,993
SUGGESTION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF 

6857
05:47:20,993 --> 05:47:22,961
THE THE SECOND PART OF YOUR 

6858
05:47:22,961 --> 05:47:23,962
QUESTION BECAUSE HIGH EFFORT 

6859
05:47:23,962 --> 05:47:29,768
COPING IS ASSOCIATED WITH 

6860
05:47:29,768 --> 05:47:31,536
HYPERTENSION BUT FACTORS THAT 

6861
05:47:31,536 --> 05:47:33,905
MAY PROMOTE HEALTH OUTCOMES.

6862
05:47:33,905 --> 05:47:36,041
THINKING OF RESOURCES.

6863
05:47:36,041 --> 05:47:37,175
I SHOWED DATA ABOUT SOCIAL 

6864
05:47:37,175 --> 05:47:38,176
SUPPORT.

6865
05:47:38,176 --> 05:47:39,678
THINKING OF OTHER FACTORS THAT 

6866
05:47:39,678 --> 05:47:49,121
MAY MITIGATE SOME OF THE 

6867
05:47:49,121 --> 05:47:49,621
STRESSORS MINORITIZED 

6868
05:47:49,621 --> 05:47:51,423
INDIVIDUALS ARE FACED WITH AND 

6869
05:47:51,423 --> 05:47:54,126
WE HAVE A STUDY CALLED MECCA AND

6870
05:47:54,126 --> 05:47:56,261
I'M HAPPY TO SHARE RESOURCES 

6871
05:47:56,261 --> 05:48:01,767
WHICH EMPHASIZE SOME OTHER 

6872
05:48:01,767 --> 05:48:08,040
CONCEPTS THAT ARE RESILIENCE BUT

6873
05:48:08,040 --> 05:48:12,878
MORE POSITIVE FOR COPING.

6874
05:48:12,878 --> 05:48:14,880
>> THAT'S AN IMPORTANT 

6875
05:48:14,880 --> 05:48:18,350
DISTINCTION AND THERE'S TIME FOR

6876
05:48:18,350 --> 05:48:20,118
ONE MORE QUESTION IN THE Q&A

6877
05:48:20,118 --> 05:48:25,424
ABOUT HOW DO WE ASSESS SOCIO 

6878
05:48:25,424 --> 05:48:26,992
ECONOMIC STATUS THAT'S NOT A 

6879
05:48:26,992 --> 05:48:29,828
SIMPLISTIC MEASURE.

6880
05:48:29,828 --> 05:48:31,897
AS YOU SHOWED HIGHER SES DOES 

6881
05:48:31,897 --> 05:48:33,498
THE NECESSARILY TRANSLATE TO 

6882
05:48:33,498 --> 05:48:35,400
BETTER SLEEP AND THIS PERSON 

6883
05:48:35,400 --> 05:48:39,471
MAKES A DID GOOD POINT THAT 

6884
05:48:39,471 --> 05:48:44,876
ACADEMICS ARE USUALLY SLEEP 

6885
05:48:44,876 --> 05:48:45,143
DEPRIVED.

6886
05:48:45,143 --> 05:48:47,746
IS THERE A BETTER WAY TO ASK 

6887
05:48:47,746 --> 05:48:50,115
ABOUT EDUCATION LEVEL OR SES?

6888
05:48:50,115 --> 05:48:53,852
>> SO GREAT QUESTION.

6889
05:48:53,852 --> 05:48:57,255
AS AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST OFTEN TIMES

6890
05:48:57,255 --> 05:48:58,423
WE ADJUST FOR EDUCATION BUT WE 

6891
05:48:58,423 --> 05:48:59,524
DON'T CONSIDER THE QUALITY.

6892
05:48:59,524 --> 05:49:03,695
IT'S GOING TO BE VERY DIFFERENT 

6893
05:49:03,695 --> 05:49:04,663
BASED ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN 

6894
05:49:04,663 --> 05:49:06,231
WHICH PEOPLE LIVE, GOING TO A 

6895
05:49:06,231 --> 05:49:08,633
PRIVATE SCHOOL IS NOT THE SAME 

6896
05:49:08,633 --> 05:49:10,469
AS GOING TO PERHAPS AN INTERCITY

6897
05:49:10,469 --> 05:49:11,203
PUBLIC SCHOOL.

6898
05:49:11,203 --> 05:49:13,338
SO ALSO HOW MUCH MONEY YOU MAKE 

6899
05:49:13,338 --> 05:49:15,340
DOES NOT MEAN HOW MUCH MONEY YOU

6900
05:49:15,340 --> 05:49:15,540
HAVE.

6901
05:49:15,540 --> 05:49:18,477
SO I ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO 

6902
05:49:18,477 --> 05:49:22,414
CONSIDER OTHER MEASURES OF SOCIO

6903
05:49:22,414 --> 05:49:25,417
ECONOMIC STATUS SUCH AS DEBT.

6904
05:49:25,417 --> 05:49:27,719
MEASURING DEBT WHICH CAN BE 

6905
05:49:27,719 --> 05:49:28,954
RECEIVED WITH CERTAIN QUESTIONS 

6906
05:49:28,954 --> 05:49:30,956
LIKE AT THE END OF THE MONTH YOU

6907
05:49:30,956 --> 05:49:32,424
PAID ALL YOUR BILLS DO YOU HAVE 

6908
05:49:32,424 --> 05:49:34,226
MONEY LEFT OVER?

6909
05:49:34,226 --> 05:49:40,932
DO YOU HAVE LESS MONEY OR IS IT 

6910
05:49:40,932 --> 05:49:41,199
THE SAME.

6911
05:49:41,199 --> 05:49:42,667
CONSIDERING OTHER DIMENSIONS 

6912
05:49:42,667 --> 05:49:44,903
THAT GET AT SOMEONE'S ECONOMIC 

6913
05:49:44,903 --> 05:49:46,338
ADVANTAGE AND THEN I'LL CIRCLE 

6914
05:49:46,338 --> 05:49:47,773
BACK TO CONSIDERING THE 

6915
05:49:47,773 --> 05:49:50,275
ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH PEOPLE LIVE

6916
05:49:50,275 --> 05:49:52,577
AND SO THERE ARE MEASURES AT THE

6917
05:49:52,577 --> 05:49:54,012
CENSUS TRACK LEVEL THAT CAN BE 

6918
05:49:54,012 --> 05:49:59,417
USED TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE 

6919
05:49:59,417 --> 05:50:00,152
RESOURCES WITHIN THAT 

6920
05:50:00,152 --> 05:50:06,224
ENVIRONMENT AND FEEL FREE TO 

6921
05:50:06,224 --> 05:50:06,525
EMAIL ME.

6922
05:50:06,525 --> 05:50:08,193
I'M HAPPY TO OFFER OTHER 

6923
05:50:08,193 --> 05:50:12,063
SUGGESTIONS AS WELL.

6924
05:50:12,063 --> 05:50:12,397
>> FANTASTIC.

6925
05:50:12,397 --> 05:50:12,898
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

6926
05:50:12,898 --> 05:50:14,366
I SEE WE'RE RIGHT AT TIME SO 

6927
05:50:14,366 --> 05:50:15,333
I'LL WRAP UP.

6928
05:50:15,333 --> 05:50:19,171
I WANT TO THANK OUR SPEAKERS FOR

6929
05:50:19,171 --> 05:50:20,872
TODAY SO MUCH AND WONDERFUL 

6930
05:50:20,872 --> 05:50:21,640
TALKED AND THANK YOU TO THE 

6931
05:50:21,640 --> 05:50:24,843
WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS AND I'LL 

6932
05:50:24,843 --> 05:50:28,547
TURN IT OVER TO OVER FOR ANY 

6933
05:50:28,547 --> 05:50:28,980
LAST REMARKS.

6934
05:50:28,980 --> 05:50:30,749
>> SO I WANT TO GIVE A BIG

6935
05:50:30,749 --> 05:50:33,251
THANKS TO ALL OF TODAY'S 

6936
05:50:33,251 --> 05:50:33,985
SPEAKERS FOR THEIR EXCELLENT 

6937
05:50:33,985 --> 05:50:34,386
TALKS.

6938
05:50:34,386 --> 05:50:38,356
AND AGAIN I WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGES

6939
05:50:38,356 --> 05:50:41,259
DR. AGGARWAL AND JONES AS 

6940
05:50:41,259 --> 05:50:43,428
BRILLIANT CO-CHAIR FOR DAY ONE 

6941
05:50:43,428 --> 05:50:45,063
AND WE'LL CONVENE FOR DAY TWO OF

6942
05:50:45,063 --> 05:50:45,697
THIS WORKSHOP THIS COMING 

6943
05:50:45,697 --> 05:50:49,734
FRIDAY.

6944
05:50:49,734 --> 05:50:51,436
APRIL 26 AT 10:00 A.M. EASTERN 

6945
05:50:51,436 --> 05:50:51,636
TIME.

6946
05:50:51,636 --> 05:50:53,171
WITH THAT, I HOPE EVERYONE HAS A

6947
05:50:53,171 --> 05:50:54,906
WONDERFUL EVENING AND WE LOOK 

6948
05:50:54,906 --> 05:50:55,540
FORWARD TO SEEING YOU ON FRIDAY.

6949
05:50:55,540 --> 05:50:55,607