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GOOD AFTERNOON, THANK
YOU FOR

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JOINING US TODAY IN A VIRTUAL

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SETTING.

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WE'RE APPRECIATIVE TO HAVE

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EVERYONE JOINING US ON WEBCAST

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TODAY.

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I'M THE ACTING DIRECTOR FOR

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SCIENCE POLICY AT THE NATIONAL

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INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.

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PLEASED TO WELCOME OUR MEETING

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PARTICIPANTS AND THOSE VIEWING

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TO OUR SECOND NIH HOSTED MEETING

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AIMED AT HEARING PERSPECTIVES ON

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U.S. GOVERNMENT BIOSECURITY

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OVERSIGHT FRAMEWORK.

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OUR FOCUS WILL BE ON U.S.

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GOVERNMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR

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OVERSUES OF DUAL USE RESEARCH OF

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CONCERN,  REFERRED TO AS DURC.

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THIS IS A PUBLIC MEETING

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VIDEOCAST BY NIH, A VIRTUAL

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SETTING TO KEEP ABREAST OF THE

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ONGOING PANDEMIC, APPRECIATIVE

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FOR THE FLEXIBILITY OF

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PARTICIPANTS AND MEMBERS JOINING

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US.

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THANK YOU TO SPEAKERS AND

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MODERATORS AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF

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THE NATIONAL SCIENCE ADVISORY

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BOARD FOR BIOSECURITY, ALSO ABLE

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TO JOIN US.

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BEFORE WE BEGIN I'D LIKE TO

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START WITH HOUSEKEEPING.

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FOR EACH SESSION WE'LL ASK

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MODERATOR AND PANELISTS TO TURN

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CAMERAS ON, KEEP MICS MUTED WHEN

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NOT SPEAKING, OTHERS WILL LEAVE

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CAMERAS OFF UNTIL THE DISCUSSION

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PORTION OF THE SESSION AND TURN

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IT ON IF YOU ASK A QUESTION.

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WE'LL USE THE RAISE HAND 

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FUNCTION FOR DISCUSSION AND

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MODERATORS WILL CALL ON YOU.

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TURN CAMERAS ON WHEN ASKS A

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QUESTION SO WE CAN SEE YOU.

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SO, I WILL KICK US OFF TODAY TO

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TALK ABOUT OUR GOALS FOR TODAY'S

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MEETING AND SOME BACKGROUND ON

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DURC RESEARCH HERE.

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AS WE'RE WELL AWARE, LIFE

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SCIENCES RESEARCH INVOLVING

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PATHOGENS IS ESSENTIAL TO

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PROTECTING GLOBAL HEALTH

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SECURITY.

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HOWEVER, RESEARCH WITH INFECTION

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AGENTS ALSO PROVIDES POTENTIAL

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BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY RISKS.

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IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE WORK TO

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ENSURE WE IDENTIFY AND MANAGE

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THESE RISKS IN ORDER TO CONTINUE

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TO REAP BENEFITS OF THE RESEARCH

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THAT THIS PROVIDES.

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U.S. POLICIES FOR THE OVERSIGHT

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OF DURC ARE PART OF A

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COMPREHENSIVE BIOSAFETY AND

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BIOSECURITY OVERSYSTEM,

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SOMETHING WE BEGAN TO DISCUSS AT

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OUR LAST LISTENING SESSION.

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THIS OVERSIGHT SYSTEM IS

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PREDICATED ON IDENTIFYING AND

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ASSESSING BENEFIT AND RISK AND

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WORKING TO APPROPRIATELY

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PRESERVE BENEFITS WHILE

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MITIGATING RISKS.

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ACHIEVING APPROPRIATE OVERSIGHT

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IS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY WHICH

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IS WHY WE HAVE YOU HERE TODAY TO

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CONTINUE TO HELP US MAKE SURE

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WE'RE MEETING THIS GOAL.

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AS MUCH AS POLICIES INVOLVE

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COOPERATION ACROSS FEDERAL

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INSTITUTIONS LEVELS AS  WELL.

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NIH AND U.S. GOVERNMENT IS

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UPDATING THESE POLICIES, IT'S 

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JUST GOOD POLICY STEWARDSHIP TO

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REMAIN EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF

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SCIENTIFIC LANDSCAPE AND

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CONSIDERING HOW SOCIETY

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CONSIDERS BENEFITS AND RISKS OF

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THIS RESEARCH.

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SO, ENGAGEMENT WITH INPUT FROM

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PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDERS ARE

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CRITICAL PART OF POLICY PROCESS.

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AS PART OF THESE EFFORTS WE'RE

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GRATEFUL FOR THOSE HERE TODAY

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AND THOSE WHO WILL JOIN US

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ONLINE TO PROVIDE COMMENT TO

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INFORM OUR FUTURE THIS KIND OF

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RESEARCH.

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SO, I WANTED TO START BY TALKING

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A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE U.S.

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OVERSIGHT OF LIFE SCIENCES

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RESEARCH, DURC.

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INFORMED BY RECOMMENDATIONS OF

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THE NSABB, MEMBERS ARE HERE

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TODAY TO LISTEN TO THIS

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CONVERSATION, INPUT FROM

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STAKEHOLDERS AND EVENTS SUCH AS

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THE ONE TODAY, U.S. GOVERNMENT

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DEVELOPED AND ISSUED TWO

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COMPLEMENTARY POLICIES FOR

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IDENTIFICATION AND OVERSIGHT OF

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LIFE SCIENCES DURC.

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THESE POLICIES WERE ISSUED A

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DECADE AGO, OF COURSE WE KNOW IT

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TOOK MANY YEARS TO PROVIDE ALL

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OF THE IMPORTANT POLICY CAVEATS

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AND SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUNDS FOR

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THESE POLICIES, BUT THEY ARE

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COMPLEMENTARY AND WORK IN TANDEM

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TOE PROMOTE CULTURE OF

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RESPONSIBILITY BY REMINDING

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INVOLVED PARTIES OF SHARED DUTY

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TO PULL INTEGRITY OF SCIENCE AND

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PREVENT MISUSE.

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FIRST OF THESE TWO POLICIES

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ISSUED IN 2012 IS U.S.

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GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR OVERSIGHT

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OF LIFE SCIENCES DURC.

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THIS POLICY REALLY WORKS TO

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ARTICULATE AND DEFINE THE ROLES

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AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

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FUNDING AGENCIES, INCLUDING

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REGULAR REVIEW OF RESEARCH

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PORTFOLIOS, TO IDENTIFY DURC AND

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APPROPRIATELY MITIGATE THOSE

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RISKS.

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THE SECOND ONE ISSUED IN 2014 IS

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POLICY FOR INSTITUTIONAL

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OVERSIGHT OF LIFE SCIENCES DURC,

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THIS POLICY REQUIRES FEDERALLY

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FUNDED RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS TO

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ESTABLISH SYSTEM OF OVERSIGHT TO

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IDENTIFY DURC AND WORK WITH

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FUNDING AGENCIES TO MITIGATE

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RISK AS APPROPRIATELY.

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IMPORTANTLY, I WOULD BE REMISS

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IF I DIDN'T ACKNOWLEDGE

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ACCOMPANYING, THE U.S. WORKED

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WITH MANY HERE TODAY TO DEVELOP

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SHARED TOOLS AND EXPERTISE TO

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AID IN IMPLEMENTATION OF

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POLICIES INCLUDING COMPANION

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GUIDE, CASE STUDIES, OTHER

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TRAINING MATERIALS SUCH AS

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VIDEOS AND BROCHURES TO HELP THE

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COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY AT LARGE

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TO UNDERSTAND THIS TYPE OF

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RESEARCH AND BENEFITS IT

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PROVIDES AS WELL APPROPRIATE

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MITIGATION OF RISKS.

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TOGETHER THESE TWO POLICIES

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REALLY ARTICULATE THE ROLES AND

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

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FUNDING AGENCIES, RESEARCH

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INSTITUTES, AND INVESTIGATORS

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FOR IDENTIFICATION AND OVERSIGHT

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OF DURC.

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TO PROMOTE A COLLABORATIVE

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APPROACH BETWEEN FEDERAL FUNDERS

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AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.

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THIS HAPPENED ACROSS THE

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RESEARCH CONTINUUM FOR OF FROM

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PROJECT CONCEPTION TO

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PUBLICATION OF RESULTS AND

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FINDINGS, AGAIN MUCH OF WHICH

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WE'LL TALK ABOUT LATER TODAY.

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BEFORE WE DIVE INTO TODAY'S

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SESSIONS WE WANT TO PROVIDE

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GROUND BASE CONCEPTS FOR THOSE

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JOINING US OR NEW TO THIS AREA,

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REMIND OURSELVES WHERE SOME OF

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THESE KEY POLICY CONCEPTS

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ORIGINATED FROM.

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AGAIN, THINKING THROUGH SOME 

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HARD WORK TO HELP US CONCEIVE

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ORIGINATIONS OF POLICY.

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ONE DUAL USE VERSUS IS A 

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CRITICAL DISTINCTION, RECOGNIZED

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BY MOST THAT MUCH OF LIFE

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SCIENCE RESEARCH HAS SOME

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POTENTIAL TO BE MISUSED.

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DURC IS THE SMALL SUBSET OF

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RESEARCH WITH HIGHEST POTENTIAL

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OR GREATEST RISK TO BE MISUSED

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TO POSE A THREAT TO PUBLIC

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HEALTH OR OTHER ASPECTS OF

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NATIONAL SECURITY.

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THE REAL FUNDAMENTAL CHALLENGE

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OF THIS IS HOW TO FACILITATE

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REALIZATION OF THE BENEFITS OF

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THIS RESEARCH, WHILE MITIGATING

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RISKS OF MISUSE.

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THE DURC POLICIES ARE SCOPED

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AROUND A WELL DEFINED SUBSET OF

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LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH, THIS

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UTILIZES 15 AGENTS AND TOXINS

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AND SEVEN CATEGORIES OF

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EXPERIMENTS, THAT WERE DESIGNED

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TO COMPLEMENT EXISTING

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BIOSECURITY POLICIES AND

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REGULATIONS.

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THIS IS REGARDING POSSESSION AND

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HANDLING OF HIGH CONSEQUENCE

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BIOLOGICAL AGENTS.

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THE 15 AGENTS AND TOXINS ARE

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REGULATED  UNDER FEDERAL LAW AND

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WORK IS SUBJECT TO STRICT

219
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BIOSECURITY AND BIOSAFETY

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OVERSIGHT REQUIREMENTS.

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THE SEVEN CATEGORIES OF

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EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS DESCRIBE

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OUTCOMES IF PRODUCED WOULD

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WARRANT CAREFUL ASSESSMENT FOR

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DURC, INCLUDING RESEARCH

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ANTICIPATED TO ENHANCE HARMFUL

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CONSEQUENCES OF AGENT OR TOXIN,

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INCREASE STABILITY, TRANSMISS

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BUILT, OR ABILITY TO DISSEMINATE

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AGENTS OR TOXIN OR ALTER HOST

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RANGE OR TROPISM OF THE TOXIN.

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RESEARCH DETERMINED TO BE DURC

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REQUIRES ASSESSMENT OF THE

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POTENTIAL DEN FITS -- BENEFITS,

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IMPLEMENTATION OF A RISK

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MITIGATION PLAN, APPROPRIATE

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ONGOING OVERSIGHT.

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WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT  

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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES THAT

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ARE SHARED AMONGST THE FEDERAL

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GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONS

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CONDUCTING DURC.

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THE DURC POLICIES APPLY TO

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FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES

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THAT FUND OR CONDUCT LIFE

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SCIENCES RESEARCH.

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THE POLICIES ALSO APPLY TO

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RELEVANT RESEARCH CONDUCTED AT

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ANY INSTITUTION WITHIN THE U.S.

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THAT RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS TO

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CONDUCT OR SPONSOR LIFE SCIENCES

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RESEARCH, REGARDLESS OF THE

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SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR A

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PARTICULAR PROJECT.

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IMPORTANTLY, INSTITUTIONS

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OUTSIDE THE U.S. THAT RECEIVE

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FEDERAL FUNDS TO CONDUCT OR

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00:09:01,598 --> 00:09:03,900
SPONSOR RESEARCH SUBJECT TO

259
00:09:03,900 --> 00:09:04,901
POLICY.

260
00:09:04,901 --> 00:09:05,568
NON-FEDERALLY FUNDED ENTITIES

261
00:09:05,568 --> 00:09:07,604
ARE NOT SUBJECT TO THE

262
00:09:07,604 --> 00:09:09,572
ADDITIONAL OVERSIGHT REQUIRED BY

263
00:09:09,572 --> 00:09:12,208
DURC POLICIES, THE POLICY

264
00:09:12,208 --> 00:09:13,076
STRONGLY ENCOURAGES

265
00:09:13,076 --> 00:09:14,611
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL

266
00:09:14,611 --> 00:09:15,678
OVERSIGHT PROCEDURES, CONSISTENT

267
00:09:15,678 --> 00:09:17,013
WITH CULTURE OF SHARED

268
00:09:17,013 --> 00:09:17,947
RESPONSIBILITY THAT UNDERPINS

269
00:09:17,947 --> 00:09:22,485
THE OVERSIGHT OF THE DURC

270
00:09:22,485 --> 00:09:22,786
FRAMEWORK.

271
00:09:22,786 --> 00:09:24,888
I WON'T GO THROUGH ALL THE NEXT

272
00:09:24,888 --> 00:09:35,231
SLIDE BUT SOME KEY 

273
00:09:35,532 --> 00:09:36,199
RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDING

274
00:09:36,199 --> 00:09:38,902
IMPLEMENT POLICIES IN THE

275
00:09:38,902 --> 00:09:41,404
FRAMEWORK, ESTABLISHING

276
00:09:41,404 --> 00:09:42,505
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW ENTITY,

277
00:09:42,505 --> 00:09:43,606
DESIGNATING INSTITUTIONAL

278
00:09:43,606 --> 00:09:46,676
CONTACT FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH.

279
00:09:46,676 --> 00:09:48,645
THE IRE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

280
00:09:48,645 --> 00:09:50,613
REVIEWING RESEARCH SUBJECT TO

281
00:09:50,613 --> 00:09:52,148
POLICY, CONDUCTING RISK/BENEFIT

282
00:09:52,148 --> 00:09:54,551
ASSESSMENT TO INFORM DEVELOPMENT

283
00:09:54,551 --> 00:09:58,855
OF DRAFT RISK MITIGATION PLANS.

284
00:09:58,855 --> 00:10:01,024
THE DESIGNATED ICDUR, RESOURCE

285
00:10:01,024 --> 00:10:08,131
AND LIAISON AND ASSIST I.R. E IN

286
00:10:08,131 --> 00:10:09,232
DUTIES, ENSURING STAFF ARE

287
00:10:09,232 --> 00:10:11,568
TRAINED AND EDUCATED IN POLICIES

288
00:10:11,568 --> 00:10:15,271
AND CONDUCT DURC IN ACCORDANCE

289
00:10:15,271 --> 00:10:16,239
WITH APPROVED RISK MITIGATION

290
00:10:16,239 --> 00:10:17,006
PLANS.

291
00:10:17,006 --> 00:10:18,508
IN ADDITION TO REVIEWING

292
00:10:18,508 --> 00:10:20,243
RESEARCH PORTFOLIOS TO IDENTIFY

293
00:10:20,243 --> 00:10:22,812
DURC, FUNDING AGENCIES WORK WITH

294
00:10:22,812 --> 00:10:25,582
INSTITUTIONS TO FINALIZE AND

295
00:10:25,582 --> 00:10:29,152
APPROVE RISK MITIGATION PLANS.

296
00:10:29,152 --> 00:10:30,153
AS I MENTIONED EARLIER, WE IN

297
00:10:30,153 --> 00:10:31,354
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND AT

298
00:10:31,354 --> 00:10:34,123
NIH ARE ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT

299
00:10:34,123 --> 00:10:36,092
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOSECURITY

300
00:10:36,092 --> 00:10:37,260
POLICIES, POLICY FRAMEWORK IN

301
00:10:37,260 --> 00:10:40,697
GENERAL, TO ENSURE THEY ARE

302
00:10:40,697 --> 00:10:42,565
APPROPRIATELY BALANCING CRITICAL

303
00:10:42,565 --> 00:10:44,200
RESEARCH ADVANCES ON MITIGATING

304
00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:44,867
RISK.

305
00:10:44,867 --> 00:10:46,936
BACK IN FEBRUARY THE NSABB WAS

306
00:10:46,936 --> 00:10:48,571
CHARGED WITH CONDUCTING A

307
00:10:48,571 --> 00:10:51,507
THOROUGH EVALUATION OF TWO

308
00:10:51,507 --> 00:10:53,376
BIOSECURITY POLICY FRAMEWORKS,

309
00:10:53,376 --> 00:10:55,578
FOR RESEARCH INVOLVING ENHANCED

310
00:10:55,578 --> 00:10:56,880
POTENTIAL PANDEMIC PATHOGENS AND

311
00:10:56,880 --> 00:10:58,548
FOR TODAY'S FOCUS DURC TO INFORM

312
00:10:58,548 --> 00:11:02,218
ONGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT

313
00:11:02,218 --> 00:11:03,253
BIOSECURITY POLICY EVALUATION

314
00:11:03,253 --> 00:11:03,486
EFFORTS.

315
00:11:03,486 --> 00:11:06,656
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS EFFORT

316
00:11:06,656 --> 00:11:08,858
INCLUDING FULL CHARGE CAN BE

317
00:11:08,858 --> 00:11:13,896
FOUND ON OUR WEBSITE, OFFICE OF

318
00:11:13,896 --> 00:11:15,865
SCIENCE POLICY.

319
00:11:15,865 --> 00:11:16,499
INCLUDING EVALUATING

320
00:11:16,499 --> 00:11:18,368
EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICIES AND

321
00:11:18,368 --> 00:11:23,640
IMPACT ON RESEARCH, IDENTIFYING

322
00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:25,174
IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES, AND

323
00:11:25,174 --> 00:11:26,342
THINKING ABOUT EVALUATING

324
00:11:26,342 --> 00:11:28,211
EFFECTIVENESS WITH REGARD TO

325
00:11:28,211 --> 00:11:28,778
PUBLICATION, PUBLIC

326
00:11:28,778 --> 00:11:30,313
COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION

327
00:11:30,313 --> 00:11:32,815
OF DUAL USE RESEARCH

328
00:11:32,815 --> 00:11:34,017
METHODOLOGIES AND RESEARCH.

329
00:11:34,017 --> 00:11:36,219
SO WE'RE WORKING HERE TODAY TO

330
00:11:36,219 --> 00:11:39,389
THINK AROUND WHAT THE DEFINITION

331
00:11:39,389 --> 00:11:42,125
AND SCOPE OF DURC MEANS AND HOW

332
00:11:42,125 --> 00:11:45,628
TO KEEP PACE WITH SCIENTIFIC

333
00:11:45,628 --> 00:11:46,796
ADVANCES EVOLVING UNDERSTANDING

334
00:11:46,796 --> 00:11:51,100
RISK AND BENEFITS.

335
00:11:51,100 --> 00:11:52,001
IMPORTANTLY COALESCING AND

336
00:11:52,001 --> 00:11:54,170
INTEGRATING POLICY AND HOW THIS

337
00:11:54,170 --> 00:11:57,040
CANP APPLIED TO MITIGATE RISK

338
00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:01,611
FROM RESEARCH AND BIOSAFETY AND

339
00:12:01,611 --> 00:12:02,545
BIOSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.

340
00:12:02,545 --> 00:12:05,782
OUR GOALS FOR TODAY, I'M EXCITED

341
00:12:05,782 --> 00:12:07,517
TO GET US STARTED, COMING

342
00:12:07,517 --> 00:12:09,952
TOGETHER TO HEAR FROM

343
00:12:09,952 --> 00:12:11,487
STAKEHOLDERS INCLUDING RESEARCH

344
00:12:11,487 --> 00:12:13,890
INSTITUTION REPRESENTATIVES AND

345
00:12:13,890 --> 00:12:15,525
BIOSECURITY POLICY EXPERTS, ALSO

346
00:12:15,525 --> 00:12:17,060
ENGAGED PUBLIC WHO SIGNED UP TO

347
00:12:17,060 --> 00:12:18,695
PROVIDE COMMENTS DURING TODAY'S

348
00:12:18,695 --> 00:12:21,230
SESSION AS WELL AS POLICY

349
00:12:21,230 --> 00:12:22,031
EXPERTS, BIOSAFETY AND

350
00:12:22,031 --> 00:12:23,399
BIOSECURITY EXPERTS AND MORE.

351
00:12:23,399 --> 00:12:25,835
OUR DISCUSSIONS WILL SPAN THREE

352
00:12:25,835 --> 00:12:27,704
SESSIONS, FOCUSED ON SCOPE AND

353
00:12:27,704 --> 00:12:29,439
DEFINITIONS OF THE DURC POLICY,

354
00:12:29,439 --> 00:12:31,708
HOW THE POLICY HAS BEEN

355
00:12:31,708 --> 00:12:35,178
IMPLEMENTED, WHAT WE SHOULD

356
00:12:35,178 --> 00:12:36,579
THINK ABOUT FOR THE FUTURE

357
00:12:36,579 --> 00:12:38,247
MOVING INTO THE NEXT DECADE.

358
00:12:38,247 --> 00:12:42,852
I'D LIKE TO THANK YOU FOR

359
00:12:42,852 --> 00:12:43,186
PARTICIPATING.

360
00:12:43,186 --> 00:12:47,724
YOUR INPUT IS IMPORTANT TO U.S. 

361
00:12:47,724 --> 00:12:49,726
GOVERNMENT EFFORTS AND ONGOING

362
00:12:49,726 --> 00:12:54,931
NSABB DELIBERATION AND  LOOK

363
00:12:54,931 --> 00:12:58,267
FORWARD TO YOUR PERSPECTIVES.

364
00:12:58,267 --> 00:13:03,639
I'M PLEASED TO INTRODUCE GERALD

365
00:13:03,639 --> 00:13:05,408
PARKER, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY

366
00:13:05,408 --> 00:13:07,143
MEDICINE, TEXAS A & M

367
00:13:07,143 --> 00:13:08,678
UNIVERSITY, CHAIR OF THE NSABB

368
00:13:08,678 --> 00:13:10,413
WHO HAS AGREED TO MODERATE THE

369
00:13:10,413 --> 00:13:11,848
FIRST SESSION TODAY.

370
00:13:11,848 --> 00:13:13,916
WE ASK SESSION 1 PARTICIPANTS TO

371
00:13:13,916 --> 00:13:15,118
TURN ON CAMERAS.

372
00:13:15,118 --> 00:13:15,852
DR. PARKER, WELCOME.

373
00:13:15,852 --> 00:13:19,288
I TURN THIS OVER TO YOU.

374
00:13:19,288 --> 00:13:22,024
>> THANK YOU, LYRIC, FOR
THE

375
00:13:22,024 --> 00:13:22,558
WONDERFUL INTRODUCTION.

376
00:13:22,558 --> 00:13:24,660
I WANT TO THANK THE NIH STAFF

377
00:13:24,660 --> 00:13:26,496
FOR MAKING THIS STAKEHOLDER

378
00:13:26,496 --> 00:13:27,797
ENGAGEMENT POLICY TODAY.

379
00:13:27,797 --> 00:13:28,731
MY THANKS TO EVERYONE.

380
00:13:28,731 --> 00:13:32,301
IT'S NOT EASY TO DO THESE

381
00:13:32,301 --> 00:13:32,668
THINGS.

382
00:13:32,668 --> 00:13:35,905
SESSION 1 IS INTENDED TO FOCUS

383
00:13:35,905 --> 00:13:44,647
ON DURC POLICIES, SCOPE, 

384
00:13:44,647 --> 00:13:47,483
DEFINITION, EFFECTIVENESS

385
00:13:47,483 --> 00:13:55,625
TOWARDS PRESERVING DUAL RESEARCH

386
00:13:55,625 --> 00:13:56,359
CONCERN.

387
00:13:56,359 --> 00:13:58,094
THE DURC POLICY AND SCOPE MUST

388
00:13:58,094 --> 00:14:02,598
BE ALSO CONSIDERED IN THE 

389
00:14:02,598 --> 00:14:04,133
CONTEXT OF THE SCIENTIFIC

390
00:14:04,133 --> 00:14:06,202
LANDSCAPE INCLUDING PATHOGENS

391
00:14:06,202 --> 00:14:08,771
AND ADVANCES AND CONVERGENCE IN

392
00:14:08,771 --> 00:14:10,373
TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL

393
00:14:10,373 --> 00:14:10,706
CAPABILITIES.

394
00:14:10,706 --> 00:14:12,108
IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS

395
00:14:12,108 --> 00:14:14,310
GOES BEYOND PUBLIC HEALTH, WE

396
00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:16,946
HAVE TO CONSIDER AGRICULTURAL,

397
00:14:16,946 --> 00:14:18,181
PLANTS, ANIMALS, ENVIRONMENT,

398
00:14:18,181 --> 00:14:21,083
NATIONAL SECURITY AS WELL.

399
00:14:21,083 --> 00:14:24,253
OVERARCHING QUESTIONS TO ADDRESS

400
00:14:24,253 --> 00:14:25,555
IN SESSION 1 INCLUDE WHAT ARE

401
00:14:25,555 --> 00:14:27,223
THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF

402
00:14:27,223 --> 00:14:30,927
THE SCOPE OF DURC OVERSIGHT

403
00:14:30,927 --> 00:14:32,495
POLICY IN ADDRESSING POTENTIAL

404
00:14:32,495 --> 00:14:35,531
RISKS ACROSS THE LIFE SCIENCES

405
00:14:35,531 --> 00:14:39,902
SPECTRUM, AS REMINDER WE JUST

406
00:14:39,902 --> 00:14:42,939
HEARD ALSO CURRENT DURC POLICY

407
00:14:42,939 --> 00:14:44,507
APPLIES TO RESEARCH ON 15 SELECT

408
00:14:44,507 --> 00:14:47,243
AGENTS AND TOXINS.

409
00:14:47,243 --> 00:14:49,412
IT DOES COVER 7 EXPERIMENTAL

410
00:14:49,412 --> 00:14:51,714
CATEGORIES AND ONLY APPLIES TO

411
00:14:51,714 --> 00:14:53,049
FEDERALLY FUNDED INSTITUTIONS.

412
00:14:53,049 --> 00:14:55,585
THE SECOND QUESTION, ARE THERE

413
00:14:55,585 --> 00:14:57,186
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR

414
00:14:57,186 --> 00:14:58,521
OVERSEEING RESEARCH WITH DUAL

415
00:14:58,521 --> 00:15:01,491
USE POTENTIAL THAT EFFECTIVELY

416
00:15:01,491 --> 00:15:02,959
PRESERVES RESEARCH BENEFITS

417
00:15:02,959 --> 00:15:05,428
WHILE EFFECTIVELY MITIGATING

418
00:15:05,428 --> 00:15:05,661
RUSSIAN.

419
00:15:05,661 --> 00:15:14,403
NUMBER THREE, SHOULD THE CURRENT

420
00:15:14,403 --> 00:15:16,706
DEFINITIONS BE REVISITED TO

421
00:15:16,706 --> 00:15:19,509
ADDRESS CONVERGENCE WITH OTHER

422
00:15:19,509 --> 00:15:20,343
SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES AND

423
00:15:20,343 --> 00:15:20,676
TECHNOLOGIES?

424
00:15:20,676 --> 00:15:23,713
FOR THE PURPOSE OF SESSION 1, I

425
00:15:23,713 --> 00:15:25,915
WILL NOW INTRODUCE PANELISTS TO

426
00:15:25,915 --> 00:15:27,116
PROVIDE PERSPECTIVES AND ENGAGE

427
00:15:27,116 --> 00:15:37,627
IN DISCUSSION ON THESE TOPICS.

428
00:15:38,461 --> 00:15:40,596
I'M GERALD PARKER, JOINED BY

429
00:15:40,596 --> 00:15:42,064
PANELISTS, FOLLOWED BY QUESTIONS

430
00:15:42,064 --> 00:15:45,735
AND DISCUSSION WITH OTHER

431
00:15:45,735 --> 00:15:46,702
PANELISTS AND NSABB MEMBERS WHO

432
00:15:46,702 --> 00:15:49,005
JOINED US TODAY.

433
00:15:49,005 --> 00:15:49,739
I WILL INTRODUCE ALL FOUR FIRST

434
00:15:49,739 --> 00:15:52,642
IN THE ORDER THEY WILL BE

435
00:15:52,642 --> 00:15:55,211
SPEAKING BEFORE ASKING EACH TO

436
00:15:55,211 --> 00:15:57,246
PROVIDE THEIR OPENING REMARKS.

437
00:15:57,246 --> 00:16:00,416
FIRST PANELIST IS JIM LE DUC,

438
00:16:00,416 --> 00:16:03,352
RECOGNIZED LEADER IN FIELD OF

439
00:16:03,352 --> 00:16:04,921
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE,

440
00:16:04,921 --> 00:16:06,255
EXPERT IN BIOCONTAINMENT

441
00:16:06,255 --> 00:16:09,592
LABORATORY SAFETY, LEADERSHIP

442
00:16:09,592 --> 00:16:11,460
AND MANAGEMENT, DIRECTED

443
00:16:11,460 --> 00:16:14,096
GALVESTON LABORATORY FOR OVER A

444
00:16:14,096 --> 00:16:15,565
DECADE, CONTINUES TO SERVE AS

445
00:16:15,565 --> 00:16:18,067
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR IN DEPARTMENT

446
00:16:18,067 --> 00:16:20,002
OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY.

447
00:16:20,002 --> 00:16:21,671
FORMER MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL

448
00:16:21,671 --> 00:16:23,206
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD FOR

449
00:16:23,206 --> 00:16:25,508
BIOSECURITY, MEMBER OF THE

450
00:16:25,508 --> 00:16:27,343
W.H.O. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

451
00:16:27,343 --> 00:16:29,879
REGULATIONS REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR

452
00:16:29,879 --> 00:16:31,314
COVID-19 PANDEMIC, AND MEMBER OF

453
00:16:31,314 --> 00:16:34,817
THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION BOARD

454
00:16:34,817 --> 00:16:36,452
OF SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS, AMONG

455
00:16:36,452 --> 00:16:37,420
OTHER ACTIVITIES.

456
00:16:37,420 --> 00:16:38,721
HIS CAREER IN GOVERNMENT, JIM

457
00:16:38,721 --> 00:16:42,458
HELD A NUMBER OF LEADERSHIP

458
00:16:42,458 --> 00:16:44,427
POSITIONS AT WALTER REED, CDC,

459
00:16:44,427 --> 00:16:50,466
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN

460
00:16:50,466 --> 00:16:52,468
GLOBAL HEALTH.

461
00:16:52,468 --> 00:16:55,004
SECOND PANELIST IS JILL TAYLOR,

462
00:16:55,004 --> 00:16:56,973
HAS BEEN SENIOR ADVISER FOR

463
00:16:56,973 --> 00:16:58,174
SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS ASSOCIATION

464
00:16:58,174 --> 00:17:00,176
OF PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORIES

465
00:17:00,176 --> 00:17:01,110
SINCE OCTOBER OF 2020.

466
00:17:01,110 --> 00:17:04,146
JILL IS A FORMER DIRECTOR OF

467
00:17:04,146 --> 00:17:06,048
WADSWORTH CENTER, NEW YORK STATE

468
00:17:06,048 --> 00:17:08,351
PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY, HAD

469
00:17:08,351 --> 00:17:10,186
OVERSIGHT OF LABORATORY'S

470
00:17:10,186 --> 00:17:12,822
RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN

471
00:17:12,822 --> 00:17:14,256
NEW YORK STATE.

472
00:17:14,256 --> 00:17:19,495
HER INTERESTS ARE NOVEL 

473
00:17:19,495 --> 00:17:22,365
FORMATIVE USE TECHNOLOGIES,

474
00:17:22,365 --> 00:17:23,666
GENOMIC ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE

475
00:17:23,666 --> 00:17:25,901
RESPONSE AND BRING CARE CLOSER

476
00:17:25,901 --> 00:17:29,171
TO THE COMMUNITY.

477
00:17:29,171 --> 00:17:31,507
THIRD IS MARIA CHAVEZ, BOARD

478
00:17:31,507 --> 00:17:34,410
MEMBER, NOW PRESIDENT AT

479
00:17:34,410 --> 00:17:35,511
BIOCURIOUS, ORGANIZING CLASSES

480
00:17:35,511 --> 00:17:45,054
AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR 11

481
00:17:45,054 --> 00:17:48,324
YEARS, FOUNDING MEMBER OF OPEN

482
00:17:48,324 --> 00:17:50,292
INSULIN PROJECT TO BRING LOW

483
00:17:50,292 --> 00:17:52,495
COST INSULIN TO THE MARKET,

484
00:17:52,495 --> 00:17:58,834
MARIA LED TWO TEAMS IN 2014 AND

485
00:17:58,834 --> 00:18:00,703
2015, AND CO-LEAD OF MULTIPLE

486
00:18:00,703 --> 00:18:02,104
PROJECTS, ADVOCATE FOR OPEN

487
00:18:02,104 --> 00:18:04,974
SOURCE SCIENCE AND CREATION OF

488
00:18:04,974 --> 00:18:08,344
MORE COMMUNITY LAB SPACES,

489
00:18:08,344 --> 00:18:12,948
DEMOCRATIZING SCIENCE GLOBALLY.

490
00:18:12,948 --> 00:18:22,558
SHE'S BEEN CO-ORGANIZER OF THE

491
00:18:22,558 --> 00:18:24,960
BIOSUBMIT PROGRAM.

492
00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:27,263
FINAL PANELIST IS DREW ENDY,

493
00:18:27,263 --> 00:18:29,131
BIOENGINEERING PROFESSOR AT

494
00:18:29,131 --> 00:18:31,367
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STUDIES

495
00:18:31,367 --> 00:18:35,037
SYNTHESIS IN CONTEXT OF BIOLOGY.

496
00:18:35,037 --> 00:18:39,742
PAST NSABB MEMBER, CURRENTLY ON

497
00:18:39,742 --> 00:18:40,409
W.H.O. ADVISORY COMMITTEE,

498
00:18:40,409 --> 00:18:42,178
HELPED LAUNCH MAJORS IN

499
00:18:42,178 --> 00:18:46,749
BIOENGINEERING AT THE M.I.T. AND

500
00:18:46,749 --> 00:18:53,322
STANFORD, CO-FOUNDER OF IgM 

501
00:18:53,322 --> 00:18:54,223
COMPETITION, GLOBAL GENETICS,

502
00:18:54,223 --> 00:18:58,160
ENABLING 60,000 TO PRACTICE 21ST

503
00:18:58,160 --> 00:18:59,028
CENTURY BIOTECHNOLOGIES.

504
00:18:59,028 --> 00:19:01,864
SESSION 1 IS SCHEDULED TO END AT

505
00:19:01,864 --> 00:19:02,231
1:20.

506
00:19:02,231 --> 00:19:04,500
WE'LL HEAR FROM THE FIRST

507
00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:06,202
PANELIST WITHOUT FURTHER ADO.

508
00:19:06,202 --> 00:19:13,042
JIM, THE VIRTUAL FLOOR IS YOURS.

509
00:19:13,042 --> 00:19:16,879
>> THANK YOU, GERRY AND
THANKS

510
00:19:16,879 --> 00:19:17,546
TO THE ORGANIZERS.

511
00:19:17,546 --> 00:19:21,150
I'D LIKE TO OPEN BY SAYING WE

512
00:19:21,150 --> 00:19:23,018
HAVE A SOLID FOUNDATION ON PAST

513
00:19:23,018 --> 00:19:26,722
WORK DONE BY THE NSABB AS LYRIC

514
00:19:26,722 --> 00:19:28,023
MENTIONED.

515
00:19:28,023 --> 00:19:29,959
I'D LIKE TO SPECIFICALLY MENTION

516
00:19:29,959 --> 00:19:31,861
2016 REPORT ON RECOMMENDATIONS

517
00:19:31,861 --> 00:19:33,929
FOR THE EVALUATION AND OVERSIGHT

518
00:19:33,929 --> 00:19:38,768
OF PROPOSED GAIN OF FUNCTION

519
00:19:38,768 --> 00:19:39,034
RESEARCH.

520
00:19:39,034 --> 00:19:41,504
AND SPECIFICALLY, CALL OUT CHRIS

521
00:19:41,504 --> 00:19:44,240
AND JOE WHO WILL BE JOINING US

522
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:46,142
LATER TODAY FOR THEIR

523
00:19:46,142 --> 00:19:46,475
LEADERSHIP.

524
00:19:46,475 --> 00:19:49,178
THIS REALLY WAS QUITE AN

525
00:19:49,178 --> 00:19:49,745
EXTENSIVE EFFORT.

526
00:19:49,745 --> 00:19:53,015
THAT WILL ROLL TO THE FRAMEWORK

527
00:19:53,015 --> 00:19:54,650
OF GUIDING FUNDING DECISIONS FOR

528
00:19:54,650 --> 00:19:58,154
PROPOSE THE RESEARCH INVOLVING

529
00:19:58,154 --> 00:20:00,489
ENHANCED POTENTIAL PANDEMIC

530
00:20:00,489 --> 00:20:07,363
PATHOGENS, ALSO KNOWN AS P3CO

531
00:20:07,363 --> 00:20:08,130
FRAMEWORK.

532
00:20:08,130 --> 00:20:10,566
THERE ARE SOME WEAKNESSES THAT

533
00:20:10,566 --> 00:20:11,467
COULD BE ADDRESSED.

534
00:20:11,467 --> 00:20:13,102
ONE OF THEM WE'VE ALREADY HEARD

535
00:20:13,102 --> 00:20:16,572
IS THE FACT THAT THE FOUNDATION

536
00:20:16,572 --> 00:20:19,442
IS BASED ON 15 PATHOGENS THAT

537
00:20:19,442 --> 00:20:21,744
ARE LISTED SPECIFICALLY.

538
00:20:21,744 --> 00:20:24,780
AND IT'S PRETTY CLEAR, AS GERRY

539
00:20:24,780 --> 00:20:27,449
MENTIONED, WE NEED TO BE BROADER

540
00:20:27,449 --> 00:20:29,185
IN CONSIDERATION OF POTENTIAL

541
00:20:29,185 --> 00:20:30,953
RISKY RESEARCH THAT MIGHT

542
00:20:30,953 --> 00:20:33,322
INVOLVE ANY PATHOGEN, ANIMAL AND

543
00:20:33,322 --> 00:20:38,828
PLANT, THAT COULD IMPACT HUMAN

544
00:20:38,828 --> 00:20:39,528
HEALTH.

545
00:20:39,528 --> 00:20:42,898
I QUESTION IF THE POLICY IS

546
00:20:42,898 --> 00:20:45,034
ADEQUATELY BEING IMPLEMENTED

547
00:20:45,034 --> 00:20:46,302
ACROSS ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.

548
00:20:46,302 --> 00:20:49,038
I THINK WE COULD LOOK INTO

549
00:20:49,038 --> 00:20:52,107
MAKING BROADER USE OF THIS

550
00:20:52,107 --> 00:20:53,843
ACROSS ALL AGENCIES, AS LYRIC

551
00:20:53,843 --> 00:20:55,544
MENTIONED, IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE

552
00:20:55,544 --> 00:20:58,547
ONE OF THE REQUIREMENTS.

553
00:20:58,547 --> 00:21:02,484
IN ADDITION, THE FACT THAT THIS

554
00:21:02,484 --> 00:21:04,587
IS NOT EASILY IMPLEMENTED

555
00:21:04,587 --> 00:21:06,856
INTERNATIONALLY, I THINK WE

556
00:21:06,856 --> 00:21:07,957
COULD USE THIS EXISTING

557
00:21:07,957 --> 00:21:10,259
FOUNDATION AS EXAMPLE TO OTHER

558
00:21:10,259 --> 00:21:14,296
NATIONS TO DEVELOP SIMILAR

559
00:21:14,296 --> 00:21:14,563
POLICIES.

560
00:21:14,563 --> 00:21:19,602
IT'S FOCUSED ON SEVEN

561
00:21:19,602 --> 00:21:20,970
EXPERIMENTS WE'VE HEARD ABOUT.

562
00:21:20,970 --> 00:21:24,039
EXPERIMENTS THAT FOCUS ON

563
00:21:24,039 --> 00:21:28,077
ENHANCING TRANSMISSIBILITY, EVEN

564
00:21:28,077 --> 00:21:30,713
OF PATHOGENS WITH RELATIVELY LOW

565
00:21:30,713 --> 00:21:31,814
VIRULENCE MIGHT BE OF GREATEST

566
00:21:31,814 --> 00:21:33,849
CONCERN AND WE SHOULD PAY

567
00:21:33,849 --> 00:21:36,285
SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THOSE.

568
00:21:36,285 --> 00:21:38,821
THE CURRENT SYSTEM TARGETS

569
00:21:38,821 --> 00:21:40,256
ACADEMIC AND GOVERNMENT-FUNDED

570
00:21:40,256 --> 00:21:41,757
RESEARCH FACILITIES.

571
00:21:41,757 --> 00:21:42,992
HOWEVER, AS WE'LL HEAR LATER

572
00:21:42,992 --> 00:21:45,160
FROM MARIA AND DREW, THERE'S A

573
00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:47,630
GROWING ARRAY OF POTENTIAL

574
00:21:47,630 --> 00:21:49,532
PLAYERS OUTSIDE OF ACADEMIA THAT

575
00:21:49,532 --> 00:21:53,035
WE NEED TO INCORPORATE INTO THIS

576
00:21:53,035 --> 00:21:54,670
MORE EFFICIENTLY.

577
00:21:54,670 --> 00:21:56,639
THE CURRENT POLICY, REVIEW

578
00:21:56,639 --> 00:22:01,010
POLICY ITSELF, IS CUMBERSOME AND

579
00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:01,677
TIME CONSUMING.

580
00:22:01,677 --> 00:22:03,212
IF YOU'RE AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

581
00:22:03,212 --> 00:22:04,513
WITH YOUR FIRST R01 PROPOSING

582
00:22:04,513 --> 00:22:07,483
WORK ON THIS AND YOU HAVE TO

583
00:22:07,483 --> 00:22:09,118
WAIT MONTHS FOR APPROVAL THROUGH

584
00:22:09,118 --> 00:22:11,086
THE GOVERNMENT PROCESS, THIS

585
00:22:11,086 --> 00:22:13,555
COULD BE VERY, VERY DETRIMENTAL

586
00:22:13,555 --> 00:22:16,458
TO YOUR LONG-TERM CAREER.

587
00:22:16,458 --> 00:22:18,627
AND FINALLY, THE ENTIRE POLICY

588
00:22:18,627 --> 00:22:23,565
IN MY VIEW IS FOCUSED ON

589
00:22:23,565 --> 00:22:25,134
TOP-DOWN GOVERNMENT OVERSIGHT.

590
00:22:25,134 --> 00:22:30,272
GOING FORWARD, WE MAY WANT TO

591
00:22:30,272 --> 00:22:34,543
LOOK AT ENHANCING MORE BOTTOM-UP

592
00:22:34,543 --> 00:22:36,512
APPROACH THAT PLACES GREATER

593
00:22:36,512 --> 00:22:38,914
RESPONSIBILITY AND TOOLS TO BOTH

594
00:22:38,914 --> 00:22:40,916
INVESTIGATOR AND PARENT

595
00:22:40,916 --> 00:22:44,520
ORGANIZATION THAT'S CONDUCTING

596
00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:45,287
THE RESEARCH.

597
00:22:45,287 --> 00:22:48,257
THIS WOULD INVOLVE RISK

598
00:22:48,257 --> 00:22:50,859
ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED RESEARCH,

599
00:22:50,859 --> 00:22:53,929
AND FUNDING PROCESS.

600
00:22:53,929 --> 00:22:55,898
THIS WOULD REQUIRE PERHAPS

601
00:22:55,898 --> 00:22:58,200
GREATER U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY

602
00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,837
GUIDANCE TO EVALUATE THE RISK

603
00:23:01,837 --> 00:23:02,705
AND POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF

604
00:23:02,705 --> 00:23:05,674
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF A

605
00:23:05,674 --> 00:23:05,941
PATHOGEN.

606
00:23:05,941 --> 00:23:09,411
FURTHER, IT DEMANDS THE P.I.

607
00:23:09,411 --> 00:23:10,813
ARTICULATE IN A REALISTIC

608
00:23:10,813 --> 00:23:14,216
ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS OF

609
00:23:14,216 --> 00:23:18,253
THE PROPOSED RESEARCH.

610
00:23:18,253 --> 00:23:22,524
IT WOULD ADDRESS THE GUIDANCE

611
00:23:22,524 --> 00:23:25,461
NECESSARY OF ANY INFORMATION

612
00:23:25,461 --> 00:23:27,730
THAT'S GENERATED AND HAVE THE

613
00:23:27,730 --> 00:23:29,732
CONSIDERATION OF COULD THIS

614
00:23:29,732 --> 00:23:32,134
INFORMATION ITSELF BE

615
00:23:32,134 --> 00:23:33,035
POTENTIALLY MISUSED.

616
00:23:33,035 --> 00:23:36,338
IT WOULD REQUIRE A ROBUST

617
00:23:36,338 --> 00:23:38,841
CONSIDERATION OF BOTH BIOSAFETY

618
00:23:38,841 --> 00:23:40,442
AND BIOSECURITY STANDARDS THAT

619
00:23:40,442 --> 00:23:42,611
ARE INVOLVED IN CARRYING OUT THE

620
00:23:42,611 --> 00:23:44,146
RESEARCH.

621
00:23:44,146 --> 00:23:46,015
AND MAKE SURE THAT THE

622
00:23:46,015 --> 00:23:47,983
INDIVIDUALS CONDUCTING RESEARCH

623
00:23:47,983 --> 00:23:50,085
ARE APPROPRIATELY TRAINED.

624
00:23:50,085 --> 00:23:53,889
IT MIGHT ALSO INVOLVE IN-PROCESS

625
00:23:53,889 --> 00:23:54,957
REVIEW OF STUDIES THAT ARE

626
00:23:54,957 --> 00:23:59,061
UNDERWAY SO THERE COULD BE

627
00:23:59,061 --> 00:24:01,230
ADJUSTMENTS MADE IF UNINTENDED

628
00:24:01,230 --> 00:24:07,803
OR UNANTICIPATED RESULTS ARE

629
00:24:07,803 --> 00:24:08,137
IDENTIFIED.

630
00:24:08,137 --> 00:24:10,005
IN OUR ORGANIZATION, I'D LIKE TO

631
00:24:10,005 --> 00:24:11,974
SPEAK SPECIFICALLY NOW THAT

632
00:24:11,974 --> 00:24:14,043
UTMB'S APPROACH TO THIS, BECAUSE

633
00:24:14,043 --> 00:24:18,881
I THINK, NATIONAL HURRICANE  --

634
00:24:18,881 --> 00:24:21,283
NUMBER ONE WE'RE IN A UNIQUE

635
00:24:21,283 --> 00:24:22,484
POSITION WITH A BIOCONTAINMENT

636
00:24:22,484 --> 00:24:25,120
LABORATORY WITH ALL LEVELS UP TO

637
00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:28,624
AND INCLUDING BSL4, SO WE'VE GOT

638
00:24:28,624 --> 00:24:31,060
LOTS OF OPTIONS HOW TO ADDRESS

639
00:24:31,060 --> 00:24:33,629
BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY ISSUE.

640
00:24:33,629 --> 00:24:36,498
WE'VE HAD A WELL-ESTABLISHED

641
00:24:36,498 --> 00:24:36,999
INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

642
00:24:36,999 --> 00:24:39,001
COMMITTEE WHICH I THINK IS

643
00:24:39,001 --> 00:24:40,302
EQUIVALENT TO INSTITUTIONAL

644
00:24:40,302 --> 00:24:43,906
REVIEW ENTITY THAT LYRIC HAD

645
00:24:43,906 --> 00:24:45,107
MENTIONED PREVIOUSLY.

646
00:24:45,107 --> 00:24:47,643
OUR IBC IS COMPOSED OF TECHNICAL

647
00:24:47,643 --> 00:24:48,811
EXPERTS, WE'RE FORTUNATE THAT

648
00:24:48,811 --> 00:24:56,051
WE'VE GOT EXPERTISE IN VIRUS

649
00:24:56,051 --> 00:25:00,456
DISEASE AND BACTERIAL AND

650
00:25:00,456 --> 00:25:08,997
RICKETSIAL, A WIDE RANGE,

651
00:25:08,997 --> 00:25:17,840
AUGMENTED BY ANIMAL RESOURCE 

652
00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:18,774
CENTER, INFECTIOUS DISEASE

653
00:25:18,774 --> 00:25:20,275
CLINICIANS, BIOSAFETY TEAM AND

654
00:25:20,275 --> 00:25:21,677
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH GROUP

655
00:25:21,677 --> 00:25:22,678
ENGAGED, AND ALSO

656
00:25:22,678 --> 00:25:23,879
REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE

657
00:25:23,879 --> 00:25:25,414
COMMUNITY THAT ARE KNOWLEDGEABLE

658
00:25:25,414 --> 00:25:28,383
ABOUT MEDICAL SCIENCES IN

659
00:25:28,383 --> 00:25:28,951
GENERAL.

660
00:25:28,951 --> 00:25:30,319
THE ENTIRE PROCESS IS BUILT

661
00:25:30,319 --> 00:25:34,156
AROUND A P.I.-GENERATED NOTICE

662
00:25:34,156 --> 00:25:39,294
OF USE DOCUMENT, AND THIS IS AN

663
00:25:39,294 --> 00:25:39,862
EXTENSIVE DOCUMENT THAT RUNS

664
00:25:39,862 --> 00:25:40,929
LITERALLY 20 PAGES LONG.

665
00:25:40,929 --> 00:25:43,232
I'M HAPPY TO SHARE A TEMPLATE OF

666
00:25:43,232 --> 00:25:47,603
THAT FOR ANYBODY THAT'S

667
00:25:47,603 --> 00:25:47,903
INTERESTED.

668
00:25:47,903 --> 00:25:54,943
BUT IT INCLUDES AN IN-DEPTH 

669
00:25:54,943 --> 00:25:55,644
DISCUSSION OF THE AGENT, WHETHER

670
00:25:55,644 --> 00:25:58,814
OR NOT VACCINES ARE AVAILABLE,

671
00:25:58,814 --> 00:26:02,484
DISCUSSION ABOUT INACTIVATION

672
00:26:02,484 --> 00:26:04,052
PROCEDURES, DISINFECTANTS, THE

673
00:26:04,052 --> 00:26:04,720
WASTE STREAM MANAGEMENT

674
00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:07,556
CHALLENGES THAT MIGHT BE FACED.

675
00:26:07,556 --> 00:26:10,259
IT GOES INTO GREAT DETAIL,

676
00:26:10,259 --> 00:26:11,960
DISCUSSING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

677
00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:14,730
AND SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES SEVEN

678
00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:16,899
EXPERIMENTS OF CONCERN FOR DUAL

679
00:26:16,899 --> 00:26:18,100
USE RESEARCH.

680
00:26:18,100 --> 00:26:21,270
IF ANIMALS ARE INVOLVED, IT

681
00:26:21,270 --> 00:26:26,341
INVOLVES REVIEW BY VET STAFF AND

682
00:26:26,341 --> 00:26:28,076
COMPLEMENTS IACUC PAPERWORK

683
00:26:28,076 --> 00:26:29,845
SUBMITTED AS WELL.

684
00:26:29,845 --> 00:26:34,616
IT TALKS ABOUT HOW THE PATHOGENS

685
00:26:34,616 --> 00:26:36,618
THEMSELVES ARE GOING TO BE

686
00:26:36,618 --> 00:26:38,687
PASSED AND PROPAGATED, IT

687
00:26:38,687 --> 00:26:40,889
ADDRESSES WHETHER OR NOT VECTOR

688
00:26:40,889 --> 00:26:42,791
STUDIES ARE INVOLVED INCLUDING

689
00:26:42,791 --> 00:26:43,492
AEROSOL EXPOSURES.

690
00:26:43,492 --> 00:26:46,628
BIOSAFETY LEVEL TO BE USED IS

691
00:26:46,628 --> 00:26:48,330
PROPOSED AND REVIEWED CAREFULLY

692
00:26:48,330 --> 00:26:50,499
BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND

693
00:26:50,499 --> 00:26:52,000
SAFETY TEAM, AND THERE'S

694
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:52,868
DOCUMENTATION THAT THE

695
00:26:52,868 --> 00:26:54,836
INDIVIDUALS THAT WOULD BE

696
00:26:54,836 --> 00:26:56,371
CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH HAVE

697
00:26:56,371 --> 00:26:58,273
UNDERGONE APPROPRIATE TRAINING.

698
00:26:58,273 --> 00:27:00,209
THERE'S DISCUSSION ABOUT PPE AND

699
00:27:00,209 --> 00:27:00,809
EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

700
00:27:00,809 --> 00:27:05,781
THAT MIGHT BE USED TO THAT COULD

701
00:27:05,781 --> 00:27:07,449
GENERATE AEROSOLS, IN DEPTH

702
00:27:07,449 --> 00:27:08,984
DISCUSSION OF GENETIC

703
00:27:08,984 --> 00:27:09,885
MODIFICATION OR RECOMBINANT WORK

704
00:27:09,885 --> 00:27:11,053
THAT WOULD BE ADDRESSED.

705
00:27:11,053 --> 00:27:14,556
ALL OF THIS FORCES THE P.I. TO

706
00:27:14,556 --> 00:27:17,626
DO THEIR -- TO CONDUCT THEIR OWN

707
00:27:17,626 --> 00:27:19,828
REALLY INTENSIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

708
00:27:19,828 --> 00:27:22,998
PRIOR TO STARTING ANY

709
00:27:22,998 --> 00:27:23,632
EXPERIMENT, AND ENSURES

710
00:27:23,632 --> 00:27:26,602
EVERYTHING'S ALREADY IN PLACE TO

711
00:27:26,602 --> 00:27:28,337
SAFELY CONDUCT THE STUDIES THAT

712
00:27:28,337 --> 00:27:30,539
ARE BEING PROPOSED.

713
00:27:30,539 --> 00:27:33,508
IT ALLOWS CRITICAL EVALUATION BY

714
00:27:33,508 --> 00:27:34,476
EXPERTS KNOWLEDGEABLE IN THE

715
00:27:34,476 --> 00:27:36,912
FIELD BUT INDEPENDENT OF THIS

716
00:27:36,912 --> 00:27:38,747
PARTICULAR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.

717
00:27:38,747 --> 00:27:41,049
AND THEY, AGAIN, MAY RECOMMEND

718
00:27:41,049 --> 00:27:44,119
THAT ON AS THE EXPERIMENTS

719
00:27:44,119 --> 00:27:47,756
UNFOLD, THEY MAY WANT TO LOOK AT

720
00:27:47,756 --> 00:27:50,492
RESULTS THAT ARE GENERATED THAT

721
00:27:50,492 --> 00:27:52,995
COULD RESULT IN SOME

722
00:27:52,995 --> 00:27:54,029
UNANTICIPATED RESULTS.

723
00:27:54,029 --> 00:27:56,164
AND IT ENSURES THE APPROPRIATE

724
00:27:56,164 --> 00:27:57,266
LEVEL OF BIOCONTAINMENT IS GOING

725
00:27:57,266 --> 00:27:58,900
TO BE USED.

726
00:27:58,900 --> 00:28:02,304
THIS SYSTEM WORKS QUITE WELL FOR

727
00:28:02,304 --> 00:28:02,938
US.

728
00:28:02,938 --> 00:28:06,141
HOWEVER, IT'S BUILT, AGAIN, ON

729
00:28:06,141 --> 00:28:07,542
ACADEMIC MODEL AND WE'RE

730
00:28:07,542 --> 00:28:09,678
FORTUNATE THAT WE HAVE ADEQUATE

731
00:28:09,678 --> 00:28:12,147
BIOCONTAINMENT AVAILABLE TO US.

732
00:28:12,147 --> 00:28:13,548
BUT WE'LL HEAR LATER FROM DREW

733
00:28:13,548 --> 00:28:16,652
AND MARIA THAT OTHER SITUATIONS

734
00:28:16,652 --> 00:28:19,955
EXIST WHERE POTENTIALLY RISKY

735
00:28:19,955 --> 00:28:21,256
RESEARCH MAY BE CONTEMPLATED,

736
00:28:21,256 --> 00:28:23,859
BUT BY ORGANIZATIONS THAT MAY

737
00:28:23,859 --> 00:28:25,527
LACK EITHER PERSONNEL EXPERTISE

738
00:28:25,527 --> 00:28:28,463
TO HAVE THEIR OWN COMPREHENSIVE

739
00:28:28,463 --> 00:28:32,301
IBC OR ACCESS TO APPROPRIATE

740
00:28:32,301 --> 00:28:33,435
BIOCONTAINMENT LEVELS.

741
00:28:33,435 --> 00:28:35,570
SO POSSIBLE SOLUTION WE MAY WANT

742
00:28:35,570 --> 00:28:40,609
TO TALK ABOUT IS HOW THE

743
00:28:40,609 --> 00:28:41,543
GOVERNMENT MIGHT MORE EXPLICITLY

744
00:28:41,543 --> 00:28:44,446
PROVIDE DIRECTION ON THE RISKS

745
00:28:44,446 --> 00:28:47,416
TO BE CONSIDERED IN REVIEW OF

746
00:28:47,416 --> 00:28:51,687
DURC PROPOSALS.

747
00:28:51,687 --> 00:28:54,323
AND I KNOW THERE'S COURSE

748
00:28:54,323 --> 00:28:55,324
CONTENT AVAILABLE BUT PERHAPS

749
00:28:55,324 --> 00:28:56,625
THIS WOULD BE EXPANDED AS WELL.

750
00:28:56,625 --> 00:28:59,461
ONE OF THE IDEAS WE MIGHT

751
00:28:59,461 --> 00:29:04,633
CONSIDER IS THE CONCEPT OF

752
00:29:04,633 --> 00:29:06,702
CONTRACT INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

753
00:29:06,702 --> 00:29:09,004
COMMITTEE, THAT WOULD REVIEW

754
00:29:09,004 --> 00:29:11,206
PROPOSALS FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT

755
00:29:11,206 --> 00:29:14,910
LACK EXPERTISE TO SUSTAIN THEIR

756
00:29:14,910 --> 00:29:15,143
OWN IBC.

757
00:29:15,143 --> 00:29:18,280
AND FINALLY, THE U.S.

758
00:29:18,280 --> 00:29:18,947
GOVERNMENT'S INVESTED ABOUT A

759
00:29:18,947 --> 00:29:20,816
BILLION DOLLARS IN THE

760
00:29:20,816 --> 00:29:24,019
CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL AND

761
00:29:24,019 --> 00:29:25,120
NATIONAL BIOCONTAINMENT

762
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:26,421
LABORATORIES ON ACADEMIC

763
00:29:26,421 --> 00:29:27,155
CAMPUSES.

764
00:29:27,155 --> 00:29:29,157
WE COULD EXPLORE HOW THIS

765
00:29:29,157 --> 00:29:31,026
RESOURCE MIGHT BE MORE

766
00:29:31,026 --> 00:29:33,428
EFFICIENTLY USED TO MAKE

767
00:29:33,428 --> 00:29:34,629
BIOCONTAINMENT SPACE AVAILABLE

768
00:29:34,629 --> 00:29:35,831
FOR THOSE INVESTIGATORS THAT

769
00:29:35,831 --> 00:29:37,366
LACK SUCH ACCESS.

770
00:29:37,366 --> 00:29:40,635
THERE WILL BE SEVERAL QUESTIONS

771
00:29:40,635 --> 00:29:44,606
THAT INVOLVE THAT, INCLUDING

772
00:29:44,606 --> 00:29:45,374
FINANCING, TRAINING

773
00:29:45,374 --> 00:29:47,509
DOCUMENTATION AND A HOST OF

774
00:29:47,509 --> 00:29:51,380
OTHERS I WILL NOT GO INTO NOW

775
00:29:51,380 --> 00:29:54,015
BUT I THINK OVERALL BY LOOKING

776
00:29:54,015 --> 00:29:57,953
AT THIS PROCESS, WE MIGHT

777
00:29:57,953 --> 00:30:00,455
ENHANCE OUR ABILITY TO ADDRESS

778
00:30:00,455 --> 00:30:02,224
THE QUESTIONS POSED.

779
00:30:02,224 --> 00:30:06,461
WE IN PLACE A WELL-ESTABLISHED

780
00:30:06,461 --> 00:30:09,431
IACUC SYSTEM THAT ADDRESSES

781
00:30:09,431 --> 00:30:12,701
LABORATORY ANIMAL STUDIES AND

782
00:30:12,701 --> 00:30:13,502
HUMAN RESEARCH PROCESS THROUGH

783
00:30:13,502 --> 00:30:14,436
THE IRBs.

784
00:30:14,436 --> 00:30:18,240
I THINK WE OUGHT TO CONSIDER 

785
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:19,174
MAKING THE INSTITUTIONAL

786
00:30:19,174 --> 00:30:20,142
BIOSAFETY COMMITTEES EQUIVALENT

787
00:30:20,142 --> 00:30:22,778
TO THESE ALREADY ESTABLISHED

788
00:30:22,778 --> 00:30:24,980
ORGANIZATIONS, AND THROUGH THAT

789
00:30:24,980 --> 00:30:28,817
PROCESS WE MIGHT ESTABLISH A

790
00:30:28,817 --> 00:30:30,652
MORE RIGOROUS BOTTOM-UP REVIEW

791
00:30:30,652 --> 00:30:32,421
PROCESS THAT COULD AVOID

792
00:30:32,421 --> 00:30:34,723
STARTING RISK OF RESEARCH AND

793
00:30:34,723 --> 00:30:38,226
REDUCE THE NEED FOR DUAL USE

794
00:30:38,226 --> 00:30:39,094
RESEARCH REVIEW BEYOND

795
00:30:39,094 --> 00:30:39,895
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL.

796
00:30:39,895 --> 00:30:45,033
SO WITH THAT LET ME STOP.

797
00:30:45,033 --> 00:30:45,634
THANK YOU.

798
00:30:45,634 --> 00:30:46,535
>> THANK YOU.

799
00:30:46,535 --> 00:30:48,837
YOU PROVIDED A LOT OF THINGS FOR

800
00:30:48,837 --> 00:30:53,542
US TO THINK ABOUT AND SOME

801
00:30:53,542 --> 00:30:54,743
VERY -- SOLUTIONS THAT PROBABLY

802
00:30:54,743 --> 00:30:57,145
ARE GRASPED.

803
00:30:57,145 --> 00:31:02,083
A COUPLE QUALIFY THINGS, ONE 

804
00:31:02,083 --> 00:31:03,618
THING THAT RESONATED,

805
00:31:03,618 --> 00:31:04,419
BIOCONTAINMENT INFRASTRUCTURE,

806
00:31:04,419 --> 00:31:06,221
MORE EFFECTIVE WAY, MAKE SURE

807
00:31:06,221 --> 00:31:11,827
IT'S FINANCED EFFECTIVELY TOO

808
00:31:11,827 --> 00:31:13,495
BUT TRANSMISSION, YOU MENTIONED

809
00:31:13,495 --> 00:31:18,900
WE SHOULD PAY MORE ATTENTION TO

810
00:31:18,900 --> 00:31:20,235
TRANSMISSION AS A CATEGORY,

811
00:31:20,235 --> 00:31:21,470
POST-TROPISM?

812
00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:23,939
>> I WAS THINKING MORE IN
TERMS

813
00:31:23,939 --> 00:31:25,307
OF ANY STUDIES THAT WERE BEING

814
00:31:25,307 --> 00:31:28,009
UNDERTAKEN IN THE LABORATORY.

815
00:31:28,009 --> 00:31:30,512
FOR EXAMPLE, WE DO A LOT OF

816
00:31:30,512 --> 00:31:32,614
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE STUDIES

817
00:31:32,614 --> 00:31:35,317
WHERE WE HAVE TRANSMISSION BY

818
00:31:35,317 --> 00:31:36,384
ARTHROPODS, TICKS OR MOSQUITOES

819
00:31:36,384 --> 00:31:36,985
OR WHATEVER.

820
00:31:36,985 --> 00:31:40,021
ALSO WE HAVE A ROBUST AEROSOL

821
00:31:40,021 --> 00:31:40,655
EXPOSURE CAPABILITY.

822
00:31:40,655 --> 00:31:43,758
SO THESE ARE THE KIND OF THINGS

823
00:31:43,758 --> 00:31:49,998
I WAS MOST CONCERNED ABOUT.

824
00:31:49,998 --> 00:31:51,967
CLEARLY, IT GOES BEYOND THAT.

825
00:31:51,967 --> 00:31:54,503
>> THANKS, JIM.

826
00:31:54,503 --> 00:31:56,938
NEXT SPEAKER IS JILL TAYLOR, THE

827
00:31:56,938 --> 00:32:03,345
VIRTUAL FLOOR IS YOURS. 

828
00:32:03,345 --> 00:32:06,414
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
GERRY,

829
00:32:06,414 --> 00:32:08,450
I'D LIKE TO THANK THE NIH AND

830
00:32:08,450 --> 00:32:09,751
NSABB FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO

831
00:32:09,751 --> 00:32:13,455
SPEAK TO YOU TODAY.

832
00:32:13,455 --> 00:32:14,623
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.

833
00:32:14,623 --> 00:32:16,925
I NEED TO MAKE A DISCLAIMER THAT

834
00:32:16,925 --> 00:32:19,661
THE POSITION THAT I'M GOING TO

835
00:32:19,661 --> 00:32:23,498
TAKE IS MY OWN POSITION, AS A

836
00:32:23,498 --> 00:32:25,567
LIFELONG PUBLIC HEALTH

837
00:32:25,567 --> 00:32:26,768
SCIENTIST, AND TRAINED

838
00:32:26,768 --> 00:32:27,369
VIROLOGIST.

839
00:32:27,369 --> 00:32:29,304
I WORK FOR ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC

840
00:32:29,304 --> 00:32:34,643
HEALTH LAB AND I HAVE ASKED MY

841
00:32:34,643 --> 00:32:36,745
COLLEAGUES THERE TO CONTRIBUTE

842
00:32:36,745 --> 00:32:39,114
TO MY THOUGHTS BUT IT HAS NOT

843
00:32:39,114 --> 00:32:40,882
BEEN APPROVED BY THE BOARD OR

844
00:32:40,882 --> 00:32:41,983
MEMBERSHIP OF THE ASSOCIATION SO

845
00:32:41,983 --> 00:32:45,487
I NEED TO MAKE THAT DISCLAIMER.

846
00:32:45,487 --> 00:32:48,857
I HAVE TWO POSITIONS I'M GOING

847
00:32:48,857 --> 00:32:49,958
TO PROPOSE.

848
00:32:49,958 --> 00:32:52,694
AND I'M COMING FROM THE

849
00:32:52,694 --> 00:32:56,298
PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

850
00:32:56,298 --> 00:32:58,600
SCIENTIST, HAVING GONE THROUGH

851
00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:03,371
THE EARLY STAGES OF THE CURRENT

852
00:33:03,371 --> 00:33:05,941
PANDEMIC, ALSO EXPERIENCING THE

853
00:33:05,941 --> 00:33:07,576
MONKEYPOX OUTBREAK THAT WE'RE

854
00:33:07,576 --> 00:33:11,079
NOW IN THE EARLY STAGES OF.

855
00:33:11,079 --> 00:33:14,482
AND SO MY POSITION IS GOING TO

856
00:33:14,482 --> 00:33:19,187
BE BASED ON THE RISK MITIGATION

857
00:33:19,187 --> 00:33:21,056
PORTION OF THE DURC POLICY.

858
00:33:21,056 --> 00:33:23,358
THEN WILL TAKE TWO POSITIONS

859
00:33:23,358 --> 00:33:24,993
WHICH I'LL EXPLAIN IN LATER

860
00:33:24,993 --> 00:33:29,030
SLIDES, ONE WE SHOULD MOVE

861
00:33:29,030 --> 00:33:30,465
BEYOND CONSIDERING AND

862
00:33:30,465 --> 00:33:32,801
RESPONDING TO BIOLOGICAL THREATS

863
00:33:32,801 --> 00:33:35,170
IN DIFFERENT WAYS, BASED ON

864
00:33:35,170 --> 00:33:38,006
ORIGIN, SECOND POSITION I WILL

865
00:33:38,006 --> 00:33:40,442
TAKE IS THAT WE'RE NOT

866
00:33:40,442 --> 00:33:41,643
ADEQUATELY ADDRESSING MITIGATION

867
00:33:41,643 --> 00:33:46,014
OF RISK ASPECTS OF OUR OVERSIGHT

868
00:33:46,014 --> 00:33:46,247
POLICY.

869
00:33:46,247 --> 00:33:47,882
CAN WE GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE

870
00:33:47,882 --> 00:33:48,283
PLEASE?

871
00:33:48,283 --> 00:33:50,919
I THOUGHT MY BEST APPROACH WAS

872
00:33:50,919 --> 00:33:52,687
JUST TO SPECIFICALLY ANSWER THE

873
00:33:52,687 --> 00:33:55,090
QUESTIONS THAT WERE RAISED AND

874
00:33:55,090 --> 00:33:57,259
THEN I WILL GO BEYOND THAT WITH

875
00:33:57,259 --> 00:33:58,159
YOUR PERMISSION.

876
00:33:58,159 --> 00:34:03,732
SO IN THE FIRST QUESTION, MY

877
00:34:03,732 --> 00:34:06,568
REVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND

878
00:34:06,568 --> 00:34:09,971
PRACTICAL PROCESSES IN THE DURC

879
00:34:09,971 --> 00:34:11,606
POLICY SEEM APPROPRIATE.

880
00:34:11,606 --> 00:34:18,546
AND JIM HAS MADE A CLEAR CASE

881
00:34:18,546 --> 00:34:20,248
FOR ADDRESSING SOME GAPS THAT

882
00:34:20,248 --> 00:34:23,852
CURRENTLY ARE IN THAT

883
00:34:23,852 --> 00:34:24,819
ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY AND THESE

884
00:34:24,819 --> 00:34:26,688
SEEM LIKE VERY GOOD IDEAS.

885
00:34:26,688 --> 00:34:29,090
HOWEVER, I BELIEVE THE CURRENT

886
00:34:29,090 --> 00:34:31,593
SCOPE OF THOSE IS TOO NARROW,

887
00:34:31,593 --> 00:34:33,695
BEYOND THE 15 AGENTS AND 7

888
00:34:33,695 --> 00:34:34,462
EXPERIMENTAL TYPES THAT WE

889
00:34:34,462 --> 00:34:37,298
SHOULD LOOK AT THAT AND MAKE IT

890
00:34:37,298 --> 00:34:39,334
BROADER BECAUSE I THINK THAT

891
00:34:39,334 --> 00:34:41,703
POLICY IS BASED ON WHAT WE KNOW

892
00:34:41,703 --> 00:34:43,672
NOW RATHER THAN WHAT IS LIKELY

893
00:34:43,672 --> 00:34:45,340
TO BE POSSIBLE.

894
00:34:45,340 --> 00:34:47,642
AND I THINK THAT'S A RISK THAT

895
00:34:47,642 --> 00:34:52,647
NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED.

896
00:34:52,647 --> 00:34:53,982
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.

897
00:34:53,982 --> 00:34:56,251
QUESTION 2, I BELIEVE OUR

898
00:34:56,251 --> 00:34:58,453
OVERSIGHT OF RESEARCH AND

899
00:34:58,453 --> 00:34:59,020
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS

900
00:34:59,020 --> 00:35:01,189
INCLUDING SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY

901
00:35:01,189 --> 00:35:05,794
WHICH WILL BE ADDRESSED LATER,

902
00:35:05,794 --> 00:35:07,762
ANY OF THESE RESEARCHERS THAT DO

903
00:35:07,762 --> 00:35:10,398
HAVE A DUAL USE POTENTIAL OR ARE

904
00:35:10,398 --> 00:35:14,869
DURC SHOULD BE AUGMENTED BY

905
00:35:14,869 --> 00:35:17,072
USING NEW FORECASTING,

906
00:35:17,072 --> 00:35:18,273
IDENTIFICATION, SURVEILLANCE

907
00:35:18,273 --> 00:35:20,108
TECHNOLOGIES TO DEVELOP A LIVING

908
00:35:20,108 --> 00:35:22,944
LIST, NOT A STATIC LIST,

909
00:35:22,944 --> 00:35:25,480
ADDRESSING BIOSAFETY AND

910
00:35:25,480 --> 00:35:27,549
BIOSECURITY CONCERNS AND

911
00:35:27,549 --> 00:35:29,851
ENHANCES MITIGATION.

912
00:35:29,851 --> 00:35:32,687
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.

913
00:35:32,687 --> 00:35:36,091
SO, THE QUESTION 3, YES, I DO

914
00:35:36,091 --> 00:35:38,493
THINK THAT THE DURC DEFINITION

915
00:35:38,493 --> 00:35:42,864
AND OVERSIGHT APPROACH SHOULD BE

916
00:35:42,864 --> 00:35:43,331
REVISITED.

917
00:35:43,331 --> 00:35:45,934
AS A CITIZEN AND AS A PUBLIC

918
00:35:45,934 --> 00:35:48,470
HEALTH SCIENTIST, I THINK THAT

919
00:35:48,470 --> 00:35:53,541
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HUMAN

920
00:35:53,541 --> 00:35:56,144
SOCIETAL AND FINANCIAL COST OF

921
00:35:56,144 --> 00:35:59,748
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC REQUIRES

922
00:35:59,748 --> 00:36:01,516
US TO REVIEW THE CURRENT

923
00:36:01,516 --> 00:36:05,120
DEFINITION AND APPROACH AND I

924
00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:06,321
CONGRATULATE NIH AND NSABB FOR

925
00:36:06,321 --> 00:36:09,290
DOING THAT AS PART OF THIS

926
00:36:09,290 --> 00:36:09,524
PROCESS.

927
00:36:09,524 --> 00:36:13,862
I THINK THAT ALSO WE NEED TO AS

928
00:36:13,862 --> 00:36:15,730
YOU'RE DOING CONSIDER ADVANCES

929
00:36:15,730 --> 00:36:17,599
IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY WHICH WERE

930
00:36:17,599 --> 00:36:19,000
NOT FULLY ENVISAGED WHEN THE

931
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:22,837
DURC PROCESS WAS IMPLEMENTED.

932
00:36:22,837 --> 00:36:27,041
WE NEED TO LOOK AT IMPROVED

933
00:36:27,041 --> 00:36:37,552
MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF USING

934
00:36:39,954 --> 00:36:42,023
PATH GENERAL AGNOSTIC,

935
00:36:42,023 --> 00:36:43,224
REGARDLESS OF ORIGIN.

936
00:36:43,224 --> 00:36:46,394
HERE IS MY OVERALL PROPOSAL TO

937
00:36:46,394 --> 00:36:47,829
DEVELOP A MORE COMPREHENSIVE

938
00:36:47,829 --> 00:36:50,498
APPROACH TO DETECTION AND

939
00:36:50,498 --> 00:36:54,569
MITIGATION OF BIOLOGICAL

940
00:36:54,569 --> 00:36:56,671
THREATS, WHETHER NATURAL EVENT

941
00:36:56,671 --> 00:36:58,873
SUCH AS ZOONOTIC, AN ACCIDENTAL

942
00:36:58,873 --> 00:37:01,276
RELEASE FROM LABORATORY WHICH

943
00:37:01,276 --> 00:37:05,647
CAN HAPPEN, THOUGH WE'RE TAKING

944
00:37:05,647 --> 00:37:10,919
GREAT MEASURES TO PREVENT THAT,

945
00:37:10,919 --> 00:37:13,655
OR AN ENGINEERED PATHOGEN WHICH

946
00:37:13,655 --> 00:37:17,225
MAYBE HAD A TERRORIST ORIGIN OR

947
00:37:17,225 --> 00:37:20,562
IN FACT UNINTENDED ORIGIN.

948
00:37:20,562 --> 00:37:22,096
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.

949
00:37:22,096 --> 00:37:25,266
SO, I THINK THIS CAN BE DONE IN

950
00:37:25,266 --> 00:37:25,567
STAGES.

951
00:37:25,567 --> 00:37:27,335
IT'S A LOT TO CONSIDER BUT I

952
00:37:27,335 --> 00:37:31,172
THINK IT CAN BE DONE IN STAGES.

953
00:37:31,172 --> 00:37:34,175
WE FIRST BEING WE NEED TO REVIEW

954
00:37:34,175 --> 00:37:35,777
THE CURRENT POLICY, BASED ON

955
00:37:35,777 --> 00:37:37,879
PANDEMIC EXPERIENCE, AND WHAT WE

956
00:37:37,879 --> 00:37:40,748
LEARNED FROM THAT.

957
00:37:40,748 --> 00:37:43,051
IT'S BASED ON EVERYTHING I HAVE

958
00:37:43,051 --> 00:37:44,219
READ.

959
00:37:44,219 --> 00:37:45,887
IT SEEMS THE CONSENSUS IS THAT

960
00:37:45,887 --> 00:37:49,057
THIS WAS A NATURAL ZOONOTIC

961
00:37:49,057 --> 00:37:49,491
EVENT.

962
00:37:49,491 --> 00:37:53,561
THE RELEASE FROM A LABORATORY

963
00:37:53,561 --> 00:37:55,830
HAS NOT BEEN COMPLETELY

964
00:37:55,830 --> 00:37:57,365
ELIMINATED BUT GIVEN A LOWER

965
00:37:57,365 --> 00:37:58,900
CHANCE OF HAVING HAPPENED THAT

966
00:37:58,900 --> 00:37:59,133
WAY.

967
00:37:59,133 --> 00:38:02,770
BUT I DO THINK WE SHOULD LEARN

968
00:38:02,770 --> 00:38:05,240
FROM THE PANDEMIC EXPERIENCE.

969
00:38:05,240 --> 00:38:07,876
I THINK THAT WHAT I'M PROPOSING

970
00:38:07,876 --> 00:38:10,311
SHOULD BE ADDED TO THE CURRENT

971
00:38:10,311 --> 00:38:12,080
POLICY, NOT TO REPLACE THE

972
00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:14,115
CURRENT POLICY.

973
00:38:14,115 --> 00:38:16,351
SO WE SHOULD RETAIN THE

974
00:38:16,351 --> 00:38:19,654
CAPABILITY TO OVERSEE DURC

975
00:38:19,654 --> 00:38:21,823
RESEARCH, P3 RESEARCH, ON HIGH

976
00:38:21,823 --> 00:38:23,591
PRIORITY LIST PATHOGENS AND

977
00:38:23,591 --> 00:38:24,392
CONSTRUCTS.

978
00:38:24,392 --> 00:38:27,195
BUT WE NEED TO MODERNIZE

979
00:38:27,195 --> 00:38:28,763
LABORATORY DETECTION METHODS FOR

980
00:38:28,763 --> 00:38:31,132
HIGH PRIORITY PATHOGENS, THESE

981
00:38:31,132 --> 00:38:34,636
ARE LABORATORY RESPONSE METHODS 

982
00:38:34,636 --> 00:38:36,905
WHICH WERE DEVELOPED EARLY IN

983
00:38:36,905 --> 00:38:41,743
THE 2000s, AND BASED ON

984
00:38:41,743 --> 00:38:42,644
OUTDATED METHODS, OUTDATED

985
00:38:42,644 --> 00:38:44,145
TARGETED METHODS.

986
00:38:44,145 --> 00:38:47,482
WE SHOULD USE THE INFORMATION

987
00:38:47,482 --> 00:38:56,224
GAINED FROM THE NEW CDC TO ADD

988
00:38:56,224 --> 00:38:58,526
NEW THREAT AGENTS BASED ON

989
00:38:58,526 --> 00:38:59,560
FINDINGS, AND EMERGING PATHOGENS

990
00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:03,097
TO CREATE A LIVING LIST OF

991
00:39:03,097 --> 00:39:03,665
TARGETS.

992
00:39:03,665 --> 00:39:06,167
WE SHOULD DEFINITELY ENGAGE WITH

993
00:39:06,167 --> 00:39:08,569
AND CONSULT WITH THE SYNTHETIC

994
00:39:08,569 --> 00:39:10,438
BIOLOGY COMMUNITY TO BETTER

995
00:39:10,438 --> 00:39:12,206
UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL RISKS

996
00:39:12,206 --> 00:39:13,508
OF THEIR WORK.

997
00:39:13,508 --> 00:39:16,444
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT I HOPE

998
00:39:16,444 --> 00:39:19,981
MARIA WILL ADDRESS AND DREW WILL

999
00:39:19,981 --> 00:39:24,652
ADDRESS ABOUT HOW BEST TO DO

1000
00:39:24,652 --> 00:39:24,852
THAT.

1001
00:39:24,852 --> 00:39:26,421
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.

1002
00:39:26,421 --> 00:39:29,624
WE SHOULD MOVE AWAY FROM

1003
00:39:29,624 --> 00:39:31,225
RELIANCE ON TARGETED ASSAYS.

1004
00:39:31,225 --> 00:39:34,696
MOST OF THE METHODS FOR SELECT

1005
00:39:34,696 --> 00:39:38,466
AGENTS ARE BASED ON PCR TARGETED

1006
00:39:38,466 --> 00:39:40,435
PCR ASSAYS SO YOU FIND WHAT

1007
00:39:40,435 --> 00:39:42,403
YOU'RE LOOKING FOR AND THAT'S

1008
00:39:42,403 --> 00:39:46,774
ALL YOU FIND.

1009
00:39:46,774 --> 00:39:48,743
WE SHOULD RESEARCH PATHOGEN

1010
00:39:48,743 --> 00:39:51,579
AGNOSTIC APPROACHES SUCH AS

1011
00:39:51,579 --> 00:39:54,082
METAGENOMIC EXPENSES IN COMPLEX

1012
00:39:54,082 --> 00:39:55,850
SAMPLE TIMES SUCH AS WASTE

1013
00:39:55,850 --> 00:40:02,190
WATER, THIS APPROACH HAS BEEN

1014
00:40:02,190 --> 00:40:05,560
WELL DEVELOPED DURING THE COVID

1015
00:40:05,560 --> 00:40:06,361
CAMPAIGN, ACADEMIC CENTERS HAVE

1016
00:40:06,361 --> 00:40:10,531
BEEN VERY MUCH INVOLVED IN THIS,

1017
00:40:10,531 --> 00:40:12,400
THE METAGENOMIC APPROACH IS

1018
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:14,302
EARLY BUT HAS GREAT POTENTIAL AS

1019
00:40:14,302 --> 00:40:18,873
WELL AS WE NEED TO DO RESEARCH

1020
00:40:18,873 --> 00:40:23,544
IN BIOINFORMATIC APPROACHES THAT

1021
00:40:23,544 --> 00:40:25,413
ARE NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND

1022
00:40:25,413 --> 00:40:26,381
METAGENOMIC SEQUENCING AND MAKE

1023
00:40:26,381 --> 00:40:27,248
USE OF IT.

1024
00:40:27,248 --> 00:40:30,084
WE NEED TO GET INTO THE

1025
00:40:30,084 --> 00:40:31,953
COMMUNITY AND DEVELOP RAPID

1026
00:40:31,953 --> 00:40:33,588
ADAPTABLE AND SENSITIVE

1027
00:40:33,588 --> 00:40:35,023
SCREENING PLATFORMS FOR MASS

1028
00:40:35,023 --> 00:40:38,459
USAGE AT POINTS OF ENTRY LIKE

1029
00:40:38,459 --> 00:40:42,463
AIRPORTS, URGENT CARE CENTERS,

1030
00:40:42,463 --> 00:40:44,165
EMERGENCY ROOMS, POINTS OF

1031
00:40:44,165 --> 00:40:46,167
OUTBREAK, SO IF THERE IS A LEAK

1032
00:40:46,167 --> 00:40:49,170
FROM A LABORATORY, IF THERE'S AN

1033
00:40:49,170 --> 00:40:52,306
INCOMING PATHOGEN, WE NEED TO BE

1034
00:40:52,306 --> 00:40:57,578
ABLE TO HAVE A VERY BROAD

1035
00:40:57,578 --> 00:40:58,713
POPULATION-BASED APPROACH TO

1036
00:40:58,713 --> 00:41:01,416
FIND THE LIMITS OF THE OUTBREAK.

1037
00:41:01,416 --> 00:41:05,687
WE NEED TO INVEST AT ALL LEVELS

1038
00:41:05,687 --> 00:41:07,889
IN GLOBAL, NATIONAL, REGIONAL

1039
00:41:07,889 --> 00:41:09,457
AND LOCAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS

1040
00:41:09,457 --> 00:41:12,126
TO PROVIDE AN EARLY WARNING OF

1041
00:41:12,126 --> 00:41:15,296
THE DEVELOPMENT OR ENTRY OF NEW

1042
00:41:15,296 --> 00:41:15,563
PATHOGENS.

1043
00:41:15,563 --> 00:41:20,768
AND MY LAST SLIDE PLEASE.

1044
00:41:20,768 --> 00:41:23,938
I THINK WE NEED TO REIMAGINE OUR

1045
00:41:23,938 --> 00:41:26,240
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM.

1046
00:41:26,240 --> 00:41:27,608
HAVING COME THROUGH -- WELL,

1047
00:41:27,608 --> 00:41:29,210
WE'RE NOT THROUGH THE PANDEMIC,

1048
00:41:29,210 --> 00:41:37,185
LOOKING AT WHAT WENT WRONG, WHAT

1049
00:41:37,185 --> 00:41:41,122
WENT RIGHT, EARLY STAGES OF THE

1050
00:41:41,122 --> 00:41:42,223
MONKEYPOX STAGES, GETTING A LOT

1051
00:41:42,223 --> 00:41:43,324
OF CRITICISM.

1052
00:41:43,324 --> 00:41:46,828
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND PUBLIC

1053
00:41:46,828 --> 00:41:47,595
HEALTH IS EVERYONE'S

1054
00:41:47,595 --> 00:41:50,264
RESPONSIBILITY AND WE NEED TO

1055
00:41:50,264 --> 00:41:53,801
ENGAGE MULTIPLE SECTORS OF THE

1056
00:41:53,801 --> 00:41:56,237
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, COMMERCIAL

1057
00:41:56,237 --> 00:41:59,841
LABS, CLINICAL HOSPITAL LABS,

1058
00:41:59,841 --> 00:42:01,142
MANUFACTURERS, ACADEMIC RESEARCH

1059
00:42:01,142 --> 00:42:03,711
CENTERS, IN MITIGATING RISK

1060
00:42:03,711 --> 00:42:05,379
AGAINST BIOLOGICAL THREATS.

1061
00:42:05,379 --> 00:42:07,748
I MENTIONED THE WASTE WATER

1062
00:42:07,748 --> 00:42:11,152
SURVEILLANCE WHICH WAS RAPIDLY

1063
00:42:11,152 --> 00:42:11,986
ADDRESSED IN ACADEMIC

1064
00:42:11,986 --> 00:42:14,055
COMMUNITIES AND WHERE I THINK

1065
00:42:14,055 --> 00:42:17,158
THEY MADE GOOD PROGRESS.

1066
00:42:17,158 --> 00:42:22,096
SO I THINK THAT WE NEED AS A

1067
00:42:22,096 --> 00:42:23,297
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY TO THINK

1068
00:42:23,297 --> 00:42:27,135
ABOUT PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM AND

1069
00:42:27,135 --> 00:42:32,273
CREATE A SYSTEM WHICH IS WELL

1070
00:42:32,273 --> 00:42:34,809
COORDINATED AND WHERE ROLES ARE

1071
00:42:34,809 --> 00:42:36,244
UNDERSTOOD AND ADDRESSED.

1072
00:42:36,244 --> 00:42:40,915
AND THAT'S MY LAST THOUGHT.

1073
00:42:40,915 --> 00:42:43,017
THANK YOU, GERRY.

1074
00:42:43,017 --> 00:42:45,987
>> JILL, THANK YOU.

1075
00:42:45,987 --> 00:42:47,622
ONE QUICK FOLLOW-UP, I AGREE,

1076
00:42:47,622 --> 00:42:51,559
SOME OF THE SEQUENCING CAPACITY

1077
00:42:51,559 --> 00:42:52,760
THAT WAS RAPIDLY ESTABLISHED,

1078
00:42:52,760 --> 00:42:54,896
WASTE WATER ANALYSIS WHICH IS

1079
00:42:54,896 --> 00:42:56,464
PHENOMENAL, A LOT OF IT

1080
00:42:56,464 --> 00:42:58,099
UNIVERSITY BASED, ONE THING THAT

1081
00:42:58,099 --> 00:43:02,170
WORRIES ME HOW ARE WE GOING TO

1082
00:43:02,170 --> 00:43:02,970
SUSTAIN THAT?

1083
00:43:02,970 --> 00:43:04,739
QUICK THOUGHTS ON THAT.

1084
00:43:04,739 --> 00:43:09,377
>> SO, MY FEELING IS
SEQUENCING

1085
00:43:09,377 --> 00:43:10,378
AND METAGENOMIC SEQUENCING IS

1086
00:43:10,378 --> 00:43:13,414
GOING TO BECOME THE NEW GOLD

1087
00:43:13,414 --> 00:43:13,948
STANDARD.

1088
00:43:13,948 --> 00:43:19,120
AT THE MOMENT IT'S REALTIME PCR.

1089
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:20,655
WE'RE RAPIDLY MOVING BEYOND THAT

1090
00:43:20,655 --> 00:43:22,523
TO THE FIRST LEVEL DONE AS

1091
00:43:22,523 --> 00:43:26,127
SAMPLE COMES TO A LAB, AT LEAST

1092
00:43:26,127 --> 00:43:28,196
PUBLIC HEALTH AND ACADEMIC LABS,

1093
00:43:28,196 --> 00:43:29,830
MAYBE NOT COMMERCIAL LABS, THIS

1094
00:43:29,830 --> 00:43:32,433
IS GOING TO BE METAGENOMIC

1095
00:43:32,433 --> 00:43:34,869
QUEENING AND I DON'T THINK THE

1096
00:43:34,869 --> 00:43:37,872
FUTURE IS THOROUGH.

1097
00:43:37,872 --> 00:43:42,210
>> ME TOO.

1098
00:43:42,210 --> 00:43:43,344
THANK YOU.

1099
00:43:43,344 --> 00:43:48,316
THOUGHTS ABOUT REIMAGINING THE

1100
00:43:48,316 --> 00:43:50,651
PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM, YOUR FINAL

1101
00:43:50,651 --> 00:43:50,885
THOUGHT.

1102
00:43:50,885 --> 00:43:53,821
THIRD SPEAKER IS MARIA CHAVEZ.

1103
00:43:53,821 --> 00:43:56,624
MARIA, THE VIRTUAL FLOOR IS

1104
00:43:56,624 --> 00:43:56,991
YOURS.

1105
00:43:56,991 --> 00:43:57,291
>> GREAT.

1106
00:43:57,291 --> 00:44:01,562
WELL, THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME

1107
00:44:01,562 --> 00:44:01,762
TODAY.

1108
00:44:01,762 --> 00:44:02,930
I'M REALLY THANKFUL TO BE PART

1109
00:44:02,930 --> 00:44:05,099
OF THIS EVENT.

1110
00:44:05,099 --> 00:44:06,901
I'M NOT THE TYPICAL SPEAKER AT

1111
00:44:06,901 --> 00:44:10,571
DURC SESSIONS BUT I WAS HOPING

1112
00:44:10,571 --> 00:44:12,707
TO BRING A NEW PERSPECTIVE.

1113
00:44:12,707 --> 00:44:15,409
I TALK AT A LOT OF BIOSECURITY

1114
00:44:15,409 --> 00:44:17,411
AND BIOSAFETY EVENTS, GENERALLY

1115
00:44:17,411 --> 00:44:19,013
ADDRESSING CONCERNS ABOUT THE

1116
00:44:19,013 --> 00:44:20,348
SAFETY OF COMMUNITY LABS.

1117
00:44:20,348 --> 00:44:23,751
JUST TO GIVE HISTORY ON THIS,

1118
00:44:23,751 --> 00:44:25,586
COMMUNITY SCIENCE LABS AND DOI

1119
00:44:25,586 --> 00:44:26,921
BIOLOGY LABS IN AND OF

1120
00:44:26,921 --> 00:44:28,656
THEMSELVES ARE NOT IN THE SCOPE

1121
00:44:28,656 --> 00:44:30,391
OF DURC AS BY AND LARGE

1122
00:44:30,391 --> 00:44:31,626
FACILITIES THAT ARE DOING THIS

1123
00:44:31,626 --> 00:44:33,961
AND PEOPLE DOING THIS ARE

1124
00:44:33,961 --> 00:44:35,329
WORKING IN BSL 1 FACILITIES.

1125
00:44:35,329 --> 00:44:40,468
THERE ARE A FEW SUCH AS MY LAB

1126
00:44:40,468 --> 00:44:43,437
BIOCURIOUS THAT ARE BSL 1 WITH

1127
00:44:43,437 --> 00:44:45,072
MAMMALIAN TISSUE CULTURING ON

1128
00:44:45,072 --> 00:44:45,606
SITE.

1129
00:44:45,606 --> 00:44:47,908
LABS SUCH AS MYSELF WE DO HAVE

1130
00:44:47,908 --> 00:44:55,016
INTERNAL REVIEW PROCESS FOR

1131
00:44:55,016 --> 00:44:57,752
EXPERIMENTS AND ORGANISMS BUT DO

1132
00:44:57,752 --> 00:45:00,054
NOT HANDLE SELECT AGENTS OR

1133
00:45:00,054 --> 00:45:00,921
CONDUCT GAIN OF FUNCTION

1134
00:45:00,921 --> 00:45:05,092
RESEARCH BUT WANT TO GIVE MY

1135
00:45:05,092 --> 00:45:08,996
PERSPECTIVE ON DURC GUIDELINES

1136
00:45:08,996 --> 00:45:10,765
AND THE GROWING BIOTECH AND LIFE

1137
00:45:10,765 --> 00:45:11,866
SCIENCE MOVEMENT.

1138
00:45:11,866 --> 00:45:14,468
SO, FOR THE LAST 12 YEARS WE'VE

1139
00:45:14,468 --> 00:45:17,672
SEEN A BIG SPREAD OF THE GLOBAL

1140
00:45:17,672 --> 00:45:18,439
COMMUNITY, GROWN FROM TWO LABS

1141
00:45:18,439 --> 00:45:24,679
IN THE U.S. INITIALLY

1142
00:45:24,679 --> 00:45:29,383
BIOCURIOUS, GEN SPACE IN

1143
00:45:29,383 --> 00:45:30,685
BROOKLYN, TO INTERNATIONAL

1144
00:45:30,685 --> 00:45:32,553
CONFERENCES LIKE THE GLOBAL

1145
00:45:32,553 --> 00:45:33,955
COMMUNITY BIOSUMMIT, WHICH HAS

1146
00:45:33,955 --> 00:45:37,058
BEEN GOING ON FOR SIX YEARS.

1147
00:45:37,058 --> 00:45:41,062
LAST YEAR WE HAD 650 VIRTUAL

1148
00:45:41,062 --> 00:45:42,496
ATTENDEES FROM 62 COUNTRIES.

1149
00:45:42,496 --> 00:45:46,334
WE HAVE ONE OF THE MOST BROAD

1150
00:45:46,334 --> 00:45:48,536
REACHES TO COUNTRIES IN THE

1151
00:45:48,536 --> 00:45:49,637
WORLD OF ANY CONFERENCE I'VE

1152
00:45:49,637 --> 00:45:49,970
SEEN.

1153
00:45:49,970 --> 00:45:55,443
EYE MONKS  -- AMONGST THE TRACKS

1154
00:45:55,443 --> 00:45:57,745
WE INCLUDE BIOSECURITY AND

1155
00:45:57,745 --> 00:45:58,079
BIOETHICS.

1156
00:45:58,079 --> 00:46:01,449
WE'VE BEEN ASKING WITH LIFE

1157
00:46:01,449 --> 00:46:02,750
SCIENCES AND COMMUNITY LABS ARE

1158
00:46:02,750 --> 00:46:06,087
WE A MOVEMENT FOR CHANGE IN OUR

1159
00:46:06,087 --> 00:46:06,754
COMMUNITIES?

1160
00:46:06,754 --> 00:46:08,155
ALONG THESE LINES OUR GLOBAL

1161
00:46:08,155 --> 00:46:11,625
COMMUNITY WORKED TO NOT JUST

1162
00:46:11,625 --> 00:46:13,394
HOST CONFERENCES BUT CREATE

1163
00:46:13,394 --> 00:46:14,929
SHARED PURPOSE IN THE THIRD YEAR

1164
00:46:14,929 --> 00:46:17,231
OF THE CONFERENCE WE CREATED A

1165
00:46:17,231 --> 00:46:19,166
SHARED PURPOSE STATEMENT.

1166
00:46:19,166 --> 00:46:21,836
AND BASICALLY OUR GLOBAL

1167
00:46:21,836 --> 00:46:25,740
COMMUNITY IS LOOKING TO

1168
00:46:25,740 --> 00:46:28,709
FUNDAMENTALLY TRANSFORM LIFE

1169
00:46:28,709 --> 00:46:30,678
SCIENCE, DEMOCRATIZE BIOTECH,

1170
00:46:30,678 --> 00:46:32,113
INSPIRE CREATIVITY, ORGANIZE

1171
00:46:32,113 --> 00:46:34,749
LIFE SCIENCE CHANGEMAKERS AND

1172
00:46:34,749 --> 00:46:39,687
BIOENTHUSIASTS, BUILD A GLOBAL

1173
00:46:39,687 --> 00:46:42,189
NETWORK, CREATE ACCESSIBLE

1174
00:46:42,189 --> 00:46:44,425
COMMONS OF RESOURCES, LAUNCH

1175
00:46:44,425 --> 00:46:45,693
LABS, ENABLE LOCAL EDUCATORS.

1176
00:46:45,693 --> 00:46:47,228
THE YEAR AFTER WE CO-DEVELOPED

1177
00:46:47,228 --> 00:46:49,430
THAT SHARED STATEMENT OF

1178
00:46:49,430 --> 00:46:51,565
PURPOSE, OUR GLOBAL COMMUNITY

1179
00:46:51,565 --> 00:46:53,701
DID ACTUALLY DEVELOP 12 SHARED

1180
00:46:53,701 --> 00:46:54,502
ETHICS POINTS.

1181
00:46:54,502 --> 00:46:55,803
A SUBGROUP OF OUR COMMUNITY

1182
00:46:55,803 --> 00:46:59,974
WORKING ON A GRANT FROM OPEN

1183
00:46:59,974 --> 00:47:02,610
PHILANTHROPY FOUNDATION WITH

1184
00:47:02,610 --> 00:47:05,880
ASSISTANCE WAS ABLE TO CREATE

1185
00:47:05,880 --> 00:47:07,281
250-PAGE COMMUNITY LAB SPECIFIC

1186
00:47:07,281 --> 00:47:09,283
BIOSAFETY MANUAL TO ADDRESS

1187
00:47:09,283 --> 00:47:12,253
UNIQUE NEEDS OF LABS, WHICH ARE

1188
00:47:12,253 --> 00:47:13,020
DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS BECAUSE

1189
00:47:13,020 --> 00:47:14,755
YOU'RE WORKING WITH THE GENERAL

1190
00:47:14,755 --> 00:47:16,056
PUBLIC, DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE A

1191
00:47:16,056 --> 00:47:17,691
SINGLE P.I.

1192
00:47:17,691 --> 00:47:19,660
YOU DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE, YOU

1193
00:47:19,660 --> 00:47:21,162
KNOW, AN INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW

1194
00:47:21,162 --> 00:47:22,763
BOARD TO LEAN ON.

1195
00:47:22,763 --> 00:47:25,065
LEANING INTO THE EXAMPLES SET BY

1196
00:47:25,065 --> 00:47:27,034
IgM HUMAN PRACTICES GROUP I

1197
00:47:27,034 --> 00:47:28,669
THINK THE BIGGEST THING THAT I

1198
00:47:28,669 --> 00:47:33,073
TAKE OUT OF DURC IS CULTURE OF

1199
00:47:33,073 --> 00:47:34,675
RESPONSIBILITY, WHAT WE HEARD

1200
00:47:34,675 --> 00:47:37,645
BEFORE TODAY IS ABOUT THIS KIND

1201
00:47:37,645 --> 00:47:41,582
OF BOTTOM-UP IDEA OF BUILDING A

1202
00:47:41,582 --> 00:47:43,350
CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY AND

1203
00:47:43,350 --> 00:47:45,419
INSTEAD OF RELYING ON TOP-DOWN

1204
00:47:45,419 --> 00:47:45,753
APPROACH.

1205
00:47:45,753 --> 00:47:47,254
I THINK THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT

1206
00:47:47,254 --> 00:47:50,458
THAT WE TALK ABOUT THE CULTURE

1207
00:47:50,458 --> 00:47:53,294
OF RESPONSIBILITY AND GROWTH OF

1208
00:47:53,294 --> 00:47:54,829
BIOTECH, BECAUSE RISKS FROM LIFE

1209
00:47:54,829 --> 00:47:56,697
SCIENCE EXPAND AS IT GROWS.

1210
00:47:56,697 --> 00:47:58,966
AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN IS THAT

1211
00:47:58,966 --> 00:48:00,501
THESE GUIDELINES AND THINGS WERE

1212
00:48:00,501 --> 00:48:03,471
PRIMARILY IN THE REALM OF

1213
00:48:03,471 --> 00:48:05,439
INSTITUTIONS LIKE UNIVERSITIES,

1214
00:48:05,439 --> 00:48:09,276
PHARMA, AG, AND NOW LIVE

1215
00:48:09,276 --> 00:48:11,011
SCIENCE, BIOTECHING ME

1216
00:48:11,011 --> 00:48:11,879
MAINSTREAMED, BECOMING A

1217
00:48:11,879 --> 00:48:13,214
MANUFACTURING TOOL FOR

1218
00:48:13,214 --> 00:48:14,181
INDUSTRIES AND SECTORS AND

1219
00:48:14,181 --> 00:48:15,349
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IS A NORMAL

1220
00:48:15,349 --> 00:48:17,485
PART OF HIGH SCHOOL AND WHAT

1221
00:48:17,485 --> 00:48:21,422
RISKS DO THOSE BRING AS WELL AS

1222
00:48:21,422 --> 00:48:24,091
I THINK OPPORTUNITIES.

1223
00:48:24,091 --> 00:48:27,795
YOU KNOW, AS THIS GROWTH OF

1224
00:48:27,795 --> 00:48:30,631
BIOTECH EXPANDS EXPONENTIALLY

1225
00:48:30,631 --> 00:48:31,632
EVERY YEAR INTERNATIONALLY

1226
00:48:31,632 --> 00:48:36,136
ESPECIALLY, RISKS FROM DUAL USE

1227
00:48:36,136 --> 00:48:37,004
RESEARCH OF CONCERN INCREASE.

1228
00:48:37,004 --> 00:48:39,607
IT'S MY OPINION THE GREATEST

1229
00:48:39,607 --> 00:48:41,342
STRENGTH WITH CURRENT DURC

1230
00:48:41,342 --> 00:48:43,210
REGULATIONS IS THAT BY

1231
00:48:43,210 --> 00:48:45,379
DEVELOPING REGULATIONS, BY

1232
00:48:45,379 --> 00:48:47,481
STARTING THE CONVERSATION

1233
00:48:47,481 --> 00:48:50,117
NATIONALLY, WE'RE LEADING

1234
00:48:50,117 --> 00:48:51,185
INTERNATIONALLY IN BIOSECURITY

1235
00:48:51,185 --> 00:48:53,387
POLICIES INCLUDING DURC AND WE

1236
00:48:53,387 --> 00:48:55,122
OFTEN SET THE STANDARDS FOR

1237
00:48:55,122 --> 00:48:56,490
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR OTHERS

1238
00:48:56,490 --> 00:48:58,092
TO USE, BECAUSE THEY DON'T HAVE

1239
00:48:58,092 --> 00:48:58,959
TO DEVELOP IT.

1240
00:48:58,959 --> 00:49:02,396
THEY CAN LOOK TO US FOR

1241
00:49:02,396 --> 00:49:03,130
GUIDANCE.

1242
00:49:03,130 --> 00:49:04,532
SO AS MORE COUNTRIES EXPAND

1243
00:49:04,532 --> 00:49:06,400
SCOPE OF LIE SCIENCE RESEARCH I

1244
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:08,936
WOULD ASK WHAT ARE WE ACTUALLY

1245
00:49:08,936 --> 00:49:11,772
DOING AND WHAT COMMITMENT ARE WE

1246
00:49:11,772 --> 00:49:13,841
MAKING TO EXPAND AND EDUCATE

1247
00:49:13,841 --> 00:49:17,344
ABOUT HOW TO IMPLEMENT

1248
00:49:17,344 --> 00:49:18,212
GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS.

1249
00:49:18,212 --> 00:49:21,849
SO, THIS IS STUFF THAT'S BEEN

1250
00:49:21,849 --> 00:49:24,451
HAPPENING, ARE WE REQUIRING THIS

1251
00:49:24,451 --> 00:49:27,187
KIND OF BOTTOM-UP APPROACH MORE

1252
00:49:27,187 --> 00:49:27,855
GENERALLY.

1253
00:49:27,855 --> 00:49:29,590
I THINK THE BIGGEST WEAKNESS

1254
00:49:29,590 --> 00:49:34,194
WITH CURRENT DURC POLICY IS

1255
00:49:34,194 --> 00:49:35,930
THATPREDICATED ON AN IDEA IT

1256
00:49:35,930 --> 00:49:37,698
APPLIES TO PEOPLE THAT RECEIVE

1257
00:49:37,698 --> 00:49:38,566
FEDERAL FUNDING.

1258
00:49:38,566 --> 00:49:42,503
AGAIN, I THINK THAT WAS TRUE,

1259
00:49:42,503 --> 00:49:44,605
BUT IT'S LESS AND LESS SO

1260
00:49:44,605 --> 00:49:45,906
BECOMING TRUE.

1261
00:49:45,906 --> 00:49:48,342
BIOTECH IS TAKING PLACE LESS SO

1262
00:49:48,342 --> 00:49:49,543
IN INSTITUTIONS AND SO

1263
00:49:49,543 --> 00:49:52,580
INSTITUTIONS THAT DON'T HAVE ANY

1264
00:49:52,580 --> 00:49:54,114
SORT OF FEDERAL OVERSIGHT AND

1265
00:49:54,114 --> 00:49:55,649
TAKE ANY FEDERAL DOLLARS WOULD

1266
00:49:55,649 --> 00:49:57,818
NOT COME UNDER DURC.

1267
00:49:57,818 --> 00:50:04,992
HOWEVER, I DO THINK THAT THE

1268
00:50:04,992 --> 00:50:07,494
CURRENT FSAP DOES LIMIT SELECT

1269
00:50:07,494 --> 00:50:08,462
AGENTS, SO THAT DOES GIVE

1270
00:50:08,462 --> 00:50:10,564
PROTECTION AS FAR AS WHO IS

1271
00:50:10,564 --> 00:50:12,967
WORKING WITH SELECT AGENTS BUT

1272
00:50:12,967 --> 00:50:17,404
DURC DOES NOT APPLY TO THOSE

1273
00:50:17,404 --> 00:50:20,507
WHO, AGAIN, AREN'T WORKING WITH

1274
00:50:20,507 --> 00:50:21,408
FEDERALLY FUNDED INSTITUTIONS.

1275
00:50:21,408 --> 00:50:24,878
WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT HOW TO

1276
00:50:24,878 --> 00:50:27,548
EXPAND THAT LIST AND HOW TO LOOK

1277
00:50:27,548 --> 00:50:30,150
AT WHO WE ASSUME THESE POLICIES

1278
00:50:30,150 --> 00:50:30,417
AFFECT.

1279
00:50:30,417 --> 00:50:31,919
I UNDERSTAND THAT, YOU KNOW, THE

1280
00:50:31,919 --> 00:50:33,954
WAY THE POLICY WAS IMPLEMENTED

1281
00:50:33,954 --> 00:50:35,623
IT REALLY DID MAKE SENSE TO

1282
00:50:35,623 --> 00:50:37,491
START WITH WHAT YOU CAN CONTROL

1283
00:50:37,491 --> 00:50:39,460
AND AS A FEDERAL AGENCY YOU CAN

1284
00:50:39,460 --> 00:50:41,695
CONTROL WHO YOU GIVE MONEY TO.

1285
00:50:41,695 --> 00:50:43,631
BUT AS FAR AS EXPANDING IT WE

1286
00:50:43,631 --> 00:50:46,033
NEED TO THINK ABOUT WHERE IS THE

1287
00:50:46,033 --> 00:50:47,801
RESEARCH HAPPENING, AND IS THE

1288
00:50:47,801 --> 00:50:50,738
RESEARCH HAPPENING OUTSIDE OF

1289
00:50:50,738 --> 00:50:52,373
FEDERALLY FUNDED INSTITUTIONS.

1290
00:50:52,373 --> 00:50:55,009
AS FAR AS THE 15 AGENTS AND

1291
00:50:55,009 --> 00:50:56,644
TOXINS, I AGREE WITH WHAT

1292
00:50:56,644 --> 00:50:58,512
EVERYONE SAID BEFORE AND WOULD

1293
00:50:58,512 --> 00:51:01,482
ASK IS THE POLICY CURRENTLY

1294
00:51:01,482 --> 00:51:03,417
ROBUST ENOUGH TO ADAPT TO NEW

1295
00:51:03,417 --> 00:51:04,151
IDENTIFIED THREATS.

1296
00:51:04,151 --> 00:51:06,286
I THINK ROLLING OUT INITIAL

1297
00:51:06,286 --> 00:51:09,123
POLICY WITH 15 IDENTIFIED

1298
00:51:09,123 --> 00:51:11,659
THREATS WITH SEVEN IDENTIFIED

1299
00:51:11,659 --> 00:51:13,494
EXPERIMENTS WAS GREAT, BECAUSE

1300
00:51:13,494 --> 00:51:18,332
IT GAVE A MANAGEABLE AMOUNT OF

1301
00:51:18,332 --> 00:51:19,233
SUBSETS FOR DIFFERENT AGENCIES

1302
00:51:19,233 --> 00:51:19,967
TO TAKE UP.

1303
00:51:19,967 --> 00:51:21,602
THE QUESTION IS NOW THAT THIS

1304
00:51:21,602 --> 00:51:23,370
HAS BEEN AROUND FOR MANY YEARS

1305
00:51:23,370 --> 00:51:25,773
HOW CAN YOU EXPAND IT.

1306
00:51:25,773 --> 00:51:27,841
IS THERE A SUBSET OF DURC THAT

1307
00:51:27,841 --> 00:51:29,943
COULD BE APPLIED TO THE 55 OTHER

1308
00:51:29,943 --> 00:51:31,812
AGENTS ON THE SELECT AGENTS

1309
00:51:31,812 --> 00:51:32,146
LIST?

1310
00:51:32,146 --> 00:51:34,181
IS THERE A FRAMEWORK THAT CAN

1311
00:51:34,181 --> 00:51:38,218
HELP US WORKING WITH ALL THOSE

1312
00:51:38,218 --> 00:51:38,819
SELECT AGENTS?

1313
00:51:38,819 --> 00:51:40,688
BUT, AGAIN, I'M GOING TO LEAN

1314
00:51:40,688 --> 00:51:46,527
BACK ON CREATING THAT CULTURE OF

1315
00:51:46,527 --> 00:51:49,763
RESPONSIBILITY BOTTOM-UP. 

1316
00:51:49,763 --> 00:51:52,733
THE IDEA OF THE RESPONSIBILITY

1317
00:51:52,733 --> 00:51:56,770
HAS RELIED ON INSTITUTIONAL

1318
00:51:56,770 --> 00:51:58,105
REVIEW BOARDS, ON FUNDING

1319
00:51:58,105 --> 00:51:59,206
SOURCES, PUTTING PRESSURE FROM

1320
00:51:59,206 --> 00:52:00,340
THE TOP DOWN.

1321
00:52:00,340 --> 00:52:03,110
BUT I THINK THAT ONE OF THE NICE

1322
00:52:03,110 --> 00:52:04,878
THINGS ABOUT BIOTECH IS IN

1323
00:52:04,878 --> 00:52:05,979
REGARDS TO OTHER TECHNOLOGY

1324
00:52:05,979 --> 00:52:06,980
WE'VE REALLY WORKED TO AS A

1325
00:52:06,980 --> 00:52:08,716
RESULT INDICATE A CULTURE OF

1326
00:52:08,716 --> 00:52:09,883
RESPONSIBILITY THAT NEEDS TO

1327
00:52:09,883 --> 00:52:10,150
CONTINUE.

1328
00:52:10,150 --> 00:52:12,753
ONE THING I WOULD IDENTIFY AS AN

1329
00:52:12,753 --> 00:52:16,223
AREA FOR EVALUATION IS CYBER

1330
00:52:16,223 --> 00:52:16,690
SECTOR.

1331
00:52:16,690 --> 00:52:17,257
AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS.

1332
00:52:17,257 --> 00:52:18,659
I THINK A LOT OF WHAT WE THINK

1333
00:52:18,659 --> 00:52:20,427
ABOUT WORKING WITH SELECT

1334
00:52:20,427 --> 00:52:21,962
AGENTS, WITH DURC POLICIES, IS

1335
00:52:21,962 --> 00:52:24,264
PHYSICAL ACCESS TO THESE AND I

1336
00:52:24,264 --> 00:52:28,302
THINK WHEN WE LOOK AT THE SCALE

1337
00:52:28,302 --> 00:52:32,039
OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS, ALPHA

1338
00:52:32,039 --> 00:52:32,806
FOLD, BIOINFORMATICS IN GENERAL

1339
00:52:32,806 --> 00:52:36,310
HOW MUCH OF A RISK FOR DURC DO

1340
00:52:36,310 --> 00:52:37,377
THESE TYPE OF TECHNOLOGIES GIVE

1341
00:52:37,377 --> 00:52:39,413
US AND HOW MUCH DO THEY COME

1342
00:52:39,413 --> 00:52:40,147
UNDER DURC REVIEW?

1343
00:52:40,147 --> 00:52:42,216
AND SO I THINK A LOOK AT NEW

1344
00:52:42,216 --> 00:52:43,217
TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE COMING UP

1345
00:52:43,217 --> 00:52:48,822
AND HOW THEY CAN BE APPLIED TO

1346
00:52:48,822 --> 00:52:51,992
BOTH IDENTIFYING DURC RISK AREAS

1347
00:52:51,992 --> 00:52:55,929
BUT THEMSELVES ARE DUAL USE

1348
00:52:55,929 --> 00:52:57,030
RESEARCHES THAT CAN CREATE

1349
00:52:57,030 --> 00:52:58,432
KNOWLEDGE THAT WE WOULD NEED TO

1350
00:52:58,432 --> 00:53:01,869
THINK ABOUT HOW DO WE REGULATE.

1351
00:53:01,869 --> 00:53:05,005
SO, OVERALL, I WANT TO LEAN INTO

1352
00:53:05,005 --> 00:53:07,174
THIS IDEA THAT GLOBAL EDUCATION

1353
00:53:07,174 --> 00:53:09,042
AND LIFE SCIENCES NEEDS TO BE A

1354
00:53:09,042 --> 00:53:11,345
REAL FOCUS AREA AND WE NEED TO

1355
00:53:11,345 --> 00:53:13,180
BUILD UP THAT CULTURE OF

1356
00:53:13,180 --> 00:53:15,282
RESPONSIBILITY, NOT JUST

1357
00:53:15,282 --> 00:53:17,451
NATIONALLY BUT GLOBALLY.

1358
00:53:17,451 --> 00:53:19,219
AND I THINK THAT THERE ARE SO

1359
00:53:19,219 --> 00:53:20,521
MANY EMERGING COMMUNITIES AROUND

1360
00:53:20,521 --> 00:53:23,424
THE WORLD THAT AREN'T IDENTIFIED

1361
00:53:23,424 --> 00:53:25,092
FEDERALLY, A LOT OF WHICH I DO

1362
00:53:25,092 --> 00:53:25,893
HAVE ACCESS TO.

1363
00:53:25,893 --> 00:53:27,528
I'D LIKE TO HAVE CONVERSATIONS

1364
00:53:27,528 --> 00:53:29,029
ABOUT HOW CAN WE DO THINGS

1365
00:53:29,029 --> 00:53:37,704
SIMILAR TO WHAT WE DID WITH ABSA

1366
00:53:37,704 --> 00:53:38,472
INTERNATIONAL, CREATING

1367
00:53:38,472 --> 00:53:40,541
BIOSAFETY MANUAL, CREATING THE

1368
00:53:40,541 --> 00:53:43,277
CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY EARLY,

1369
00:53:43,277 --> 00:53:44,144
HAVING CONVERSATIONS WITH

1370
00:53:44,144 --> 00:53:46,880
RESEARCHERS EARLY IN CAREER AS

1371
00:53:46,880 --> 00:53:48,682
WELL AS WITH THE FEDERAL

1372
00:53:48,682 --> 00:53:49,983
INSTITUTIONS OF OTHER NATIONS.

1373
00:53:49,983 --> 00:53:51,785
AND THERE IS A LOT HAPPENING

1374
00:53:51,785 --> 00:53:53,987
RIGHT NOW, ESPECIALLY IN LATIN

1375
00:53:53,987 --> 00:53:55,622
AMERICA AND AFRICA AROUND

1376
00:53:55,622 --> 00:53:57,391
WANTING TO GROW THEIR ECONOMIES

1377
00:53:57,391 --> 00:53:58,158
WITH BIOTECH.

1378
00:53:58,158 --> 00:54:00,027
IT'S NEVER TOO EARLY TO HAVE

1379
00:54:00,027 --> 00:54:03,096
THESE CONVERSATIONS WITH THESE

1380
00:54:03,096 --> 00:54:04,064
ACTORS.

1381
00:54:04,064 --> 00:54:05,532
THAT'S WHAT I HAVE TO SAY.

1382
00:54:05,532 --> 00:54:08,335
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1383
00:54:08,335 --> 00:54:08,969
AGAIN, A WONDERFUL PRESENTATION,

1384
00:54:08,969 --> 00:54:12,940
GIVING US A LOT TO THINK ABOUT.

1385
00:54:12,940 --> 00:54:16,076
ONE QUICK QUESTION, HOW BEST

1386
00:54:16,076 --> 00:54:18,445
WOULD YOU SEE -- WHAT WOULD YOU

1387
00:54:18,445 --> 00:54:22,749
SAY TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,

1388
00:54:22,749 --> 00:54:27,588
BRINGING THE COMMUNITY INTO THE

1389
00:54:27,588 --> 00:54:27,921
CONVERSATIONS.

1390
00:54:27,921 --> 00:54:29,356
YOU MENTIONED EDUCATION,

1391
00:54:29,356 --> 00:54:31,859
STARTING EARLY, CULTURE OF

1392
00:54:31,859 --> 00:54:32,226
RESPONSIBILITY.

1393
00:54:32,226 --> 00:54:35,028
SO, THE SINGLE MOST THING TO

1394
00:54:35,028 --> 00:54:37,664
MAKE SURE THE DYI COMMUNITY IS

1395
00:54:37,664 --> 00:54:38,098
BROUGHT IN.

1396
00:54:38,098 --> 00:54:39,733
>> YEAH, I THINK WE NEED
TO

1397
00:54:39,733 --> 00:54:41,368
FIGURE OUT HOW TO BUILD INROADS

1398
00:54:41,368 --> 00:54:43,437
AND HAVE THE CONVERSATIONS

1399
00:54:43,437 --> 00:54:45,439
BECAUSE OUR COMMUNITY HAS VERY

1400
00:54:45,439 --> 00:54:47,507
PROACTIVELY SHOWN A WILLINGNESS

1401
00:54:47,507 --> 00:54:48,842
TO CREATE THIS CULTURE

1402
00:54:48,842 --> 00:54:50,344
ORGANICALLY WITH OUR SHARED

1403
00:54:50,344 --> 00:54:52,246
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE, WITH

1404
00:54:52,246 --> 00:54:54,414
ETHICS PRACTICES, WE HAVE A

1405
00:54:54,414 --> 00:54:56,149
SUBGROUP THAT'S MEETING THAT'S

1406
00:54:56,149 --> 00:54:58,252
LOOKING AT THINGS LIKE CREATING

1407
00:54:58,252 --> 00:54:59,786
OUR OWN INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW

1408
00:54:59,786 --> 00:55:05,993
BOARD NATIONALLY FOR DIY , WHAT

1409
00:55:05,993 --> 00:55:08,128
IS THE PURPOSE OF IRB AND CREATE

1410
00:55:08,128 --> 00:55:12,266
IRB SUPPORT AND I THINK IT'S NOT

1411
00:55:12,266 --> 00:55:14,101
JUST DIY, I THINK THIS IS

1412
00:55:14,101 --> 00:55:16,069
SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT WITH

1413
00:55:16,069 --> 00:55:19,139
STARTUPS AND GROUPS WORKING

1414
00:55:19,139 --> 00:55:20,240
OUTSIDE INSTITUTIONS, I STRADDLE

1415
00:55:20,240 --> 00:55:21,875
BOTH, DIY AND START-UP WORLD,

1416
00:55:21,875 --> 00:55:24,311
BUT WHO CAN BUILD BRIDGES AND

1417
00:55:24,311 --> 00:55:27,247
HOW TO START THE CONVERSATIONS.

1418
00:55:27,247 --> 00:55:29,016
I THINK I THANK YOU FOR

1419
00:55:29,016 --> 00:55:29,883
WELCOMING ME INTO THIS

1420
00:55:29,883 --> 00:55:31,184
CONVERSATION BECAUSE THIS IS HOW

1421
00:55:31,184 --> 00:55:33,086
IT STARTS IS BRINGING

1422
00:55:33,086 --> 00:55:34,154
STAKEHOLDERS IN AND ADDITIONALLY

1423
00:55:34,154 --> 00:55:36,123
HAVING US INVITE YOU TO OUR

1424
00:55:36,123 --> 00:55:37,658
CONFERENCES AND GETTING THE

1425
00:55:37,658 --> 00:55:38,425
CONVERSATIONS GOING.

1426
00:55:38,425 --> 00:55:39,793
>> VERY GOOD.

1427
00:55:39,793 --> 00:55:41,929
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1428
00:55:41,929 --> 00:55:45,098
OUR FINAL PANELIST IS DREW ENDY.

1429
00:55:45,098 --> 00:55:47,234
DREW, YOU'VE GOT THE VIRTUAL

1430
00:55:47,234 --> 00:55:47,434
FLOOR.

1431
00:55:47,434 --> 00:55:48,035
>> THANKS SO MUCH.

1432
00:55:48,035 --> 00:55:51,238
WOULD YOU LIKE ME TO GO FOR TEN

1433
00:55:51,238 --> 00:55:52,639
MINUTES OR FIVE MINUTES TO

1434
00:55:52,639 --> 00:55:56,910
PRESERVE TIME FOR DISCUSSION?

1435
00:55:56,910 --> 00:55:58,478
>> YES, WE'VE EATEN INTO
THE

1436
00:55:58,478 --> 00:56:00,414
TIME A LITTLE BIT.

1437
00:56:00,414 --> 00:56:01,949
FIVE TO EIGHT MINUTES, BUT MAKE

1438
00:56:01,949 --> 00:56:03,617
SURE YOU SAY WHAT YOU WANT TO

1439
00:56:03,617 --> 00:56:03,951
SAY.

1440
00:56:03,951 --> 00:56:06,420
>> THANKS VERY MUCH.

1441
00:56:06,420 --> 00:56:08,822
GRATEFUL TO FOLLOW JIM, JILL,

1442
00:56:08,822 --> 00:56:09,156
MARIA.

1443
00:56:09,156 --> 00:56:12,092
MARIA, I EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE.

1444
00:56:12,092 --> 00:56:14,194
WHEN STANFORD CAMPUS SHUT DOWN

1445
00:56:14,194 --> 00:56:16,596
FOR RESEARCH AND WE HAD IDEAS

1446
00:56:16,596 --> 00:56:18,665
FOR COVID DIAGNOSTICS, ABLE TO

1447
00:56:18,665 --> 00:56:20,167
ACCESS COMMUNITY BIOLABS YOU AND

1448
00:56:20,167 --> 00:56:24,137
YOUR COLLEAGUES SET UP TO 

1449
00:56:24,137 --> 00:56:26,006
ADVANCE THEIR RESEARCH.

1450
00:56:26,006 --> 00:56:27,507
COMPLEMENTING THE COMMENTS

1451
00:56:27,507 --> 00:56:29,943
OFFERED, I WANT TO GIVE A

1452
00:56:29,943 --> 00:56:32,946
DIVERSITY OF PERSPECTIVES ON 

1453
00:56:32,946 --> 00:56:36,083
WHAT I SEE HAPPENING.

1454
00:56:36,083 --> 00:56:38,151
DURC STARTS WITH RESEARCH, THE

1455
00:56:38,151 --> 00:56:39,586
WORLD IS INCREASINGLY RESEARCH

1456
00:56:39,586 --> 00:56:41,355
IN PRACTICE.

1457
00:56:41,355 --> 00:56:44,591
DUAL USE PRACTICE.

1458
00:56:44,591 --> 00:56:45,592
MANY PEOPLE DEPLOYING

1459
00:56:45,592 --> 00:56:46,793
BIOTECHNOLOGIES ARE NOT

1460
00:56:46,793 --> 00:56:47,995
TECHNICALLY DOING RESEARCH, JUST

1461
00:56:47,995 --> 00:56:52,065
TRYING TO DO SOMETHING, SO THE

1462
00:56:52,065 --> 00:56:54,835
PRACTICE.

1463
00:56:54,835 --> 00:56:58,171
SECOND COMMENT QUICKLY, DURC 2.

1464
00:56:58,171 --> 00:57:00,574
0, DURC PLUS, PLUS, DNA

1465
00:57:00,574 --> 00:57:02,109
SCREENING, HAVING DISTANCE FROM

1466
00:57:02,109 --> 00:57:04,077
WORK OF NSABB AND COMING BACK,

1467
00:57:04,077 --> 00:57:06,580
PREPPING FOR TODAY, THIS IS

1468
00:57:06,580 --> 00:57:07,814
REALLY COMPLICATED.

1469
00:57:07,814 --> 00:57:10,751
AND IT'S COMPLICATED IN A WAY I

1470
00:57:10,751 --> 00:57:13,820
THINK MAKES IT INACCESSIBLE,

1471
00:57:13,820 --> 00:57:15,255
PROBABLY AMPLIFIES INEQUITY AND

1472
00:57:15,255 --> 00:57:17,557
WE WOULD DO WELL TO CONSIDER A

1473
00:57:17,557 --> 00:57:18,425
BETTER WAY OF DESCRIBING WHAT

1474
00:57:18,425 --> 00:57:19,626
THIS IS ABOUT.

1475
00:57:19,626 --> 00:57:23,230
WHAT THIS REMINDED ME OF, AS I

1476
00:57:23,230 --> 00:57:27,367
WAS REENGAGING WITH DETAILS,

1477
00:57:27,367 --> 00:57:29,836
REMINDED ME OF BUILDING CODES.

1478
00:57:29,836 --> 00:57:33,073
HOW COMPLICATED BUILDING CODES

1479
00:57:33,073 --> 00:57:33,473
ON.

1480
00:57:33,473 --> 00:57:34,541
THE PURPOSE ARE TO ESTABLISH

1481
00:57:34,541 --> 00:57:36,943
SAFETY OF A BUILDING AND ITS

1482
00:57:36,943 --> 00:57:37,244
PERFORMANCE.

1483
00:57:37,244 --> 00:57:39,212
SO THERE IS SOMETHING ABOUT THAT

1484
00:57:39,212 --> 00:57:40,347
THAT CLICKED FOR ME, THAT MAYBE

1485
00:57:40,347 --> 00:57:43,083
WHAT WE'RE DOING HERE IS TRYING

1486
00:57:43,083 --> 00:57:44,918
TO ESTABLISH SAFETY WITH RESPECT

1487
00:57:44,918 --> 00:57:47,120
TO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE OF

1488
00:57:47,120 --> 00:57:49,189
BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, ALSO

1489
00:57:49,189 --> 00:57:50,457
PERFORMANCE OF TEAMS, ENHANCING

1490
00:57:50,457 --> 00:58:00,934
ABILITY TO DO USEFUL STUFF.

1491
00:58:01,501 --> 00:58:04,171
A BETTER LABEL, MAYBE THE

1492
00:58:04,171 --> 00:58:05,405
BIOCODES OR BIOLOGY CODES,

1493
00:58:05,405 --> 00:58:06,373
HELPFUL TO LET MORE PEOPLE

1494
00:58:06,373 --> 00:58:11,344
UNDERSTAND WHAT WE'RE TALKING

1495
00:58:11,344 --> 00:58:16,650
ABOUT. 

1496
00:58:16,650 --> 00:58:18,952
EVENTUALLLY EVERYONE, IS THE

1497
00:58:18,952 --> 00:58:20,287
JUICE WORTH THE SQUEEZE, IS THIS

1498
00:58:20,287 --> 00:58:24,024
WORLD IT -- WORTH IT?

1499
00:58:24,024 --> 00:58:25,659
IT REVEALS WHAT'S MISSING.

1500
00:58:25,659 --> 00:58:27,227
IF YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT

1501
00:58:27,227 --> 00:58:35,836
CONSTRUCTION AND THINGS INVOLVED

1502
00:58:35,836 --> 00:58:37,504
IN CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING OR

1503
00:58:37,504 --> 00:58:38,705
BRIDGE BUILDING CODES DON'T

1504
00:58:38,705 --> 00:58:41,108
COVER IT ALL.

1505
00:58:41,108 --> 00:58:42,742
HOW TO REVEAL WHAT WE'RE MISSING

1506
00:58:42,742 --> 00:58:47,914
WITH WHAT WE'RE DOING, RIGHT?

1507
00:58:47,914 --> 00:58:50,484
WE'RE FOCUSED ON PLANT HEALTH,

1508
00:58:50,484 --> 00:58:51,852
ANIMAL HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH.

1509
00:58:51,852 --> 00:58:53,487
ANOTHER THING IS POLITICAL

1510
00:58:53,487 --> 00:58:56,223
HEALTH, HOW ARE WE SECURING

1511
00:58:56,223 --> 00:58:57,190
POLITICAL HEALTH?

1512
00:58:57,190 --> 00:58:59,626
I MEAN TRUST IN SCIENCE AND

1513
00:58:59,626 --> 00:59:02,696
MEDICINE, TRUST AMONG NATION

1514
00:59:02,696 --> 00:59:03,396
STATES, SUSTAINED

1515
00:59:03,396 --> 00:59:07,334
DEMILITARIZATION OF BIOLOGY, AND

1516
00:59:07,334 --> 00:59:09,035
SO ON.

1517
00:59:09,035 --> 00:59:10,570
THE CURRENT SITUATION THINKING

1518
00:59:10,570 --> 00:59:11,972
ABOUT BIOCODES, POLITICAL HEALTH

1519
00:59:11,972 --> 00:59:13,540
IN PARTICULAR, A LOT OF WHAT'S

1520
00:59:13,540 --> 00:59:16,510
BEEN DEVELOPED IS MODE 

1521
00:59:16,510 --> 00:59:18,578
VACCINATED TO STRENGTHEN

1522
00:59:18,578 --> 00:59:20,313
POLITICAL HEALTH BUT REVEALED

1523
00:59:20,313 --> 00:59:21,815
THROUGH THE PANDEMIC ONGOING

1524
00:59:21,815 --> 00:59:23,583
SOME GAPS.

1525
00:59:23,583 --> 00:59:25,552
WE'VE ALL ASKED OURSELVES OR

1526
00:59:25,552 --> 00:59:27,954
HAVE BEEN ASKED WHERE DID

1527
00:59:27,954 --> 00:59:28,822
SARS-COV-2 COME FROM?

1528
00:59:28,822 --> 00:59:31,224
A QUESTION WE COULD ASK OF THE

1529
00:59:31,224 --> 00:59:32,993
CURRENT DURC POLICIES AND

1530
00:59:32,993 --> 00:59:33,860
PANDEMIC POTENTIAL PATHOGEN

1531
00:59:33,860 --> 00:59:36,596
POLICIES IS DO OUR CURRENT

1532
00:59:36,596 --> 00:59:38,331
POLICIES MAKE IT EASIER TO

1533
00:59:38,331 --> 00:59:39,332
ANSWER THAT QUESTION OR MORE

1534
00:59:39,332 --> 00:59:40,433
DIFFICULT TO ANSWER THAT

1535
00:59:40,433 --> 00:59:40,834
QUESTION?

1536
00:59:40,834 --> 00:59:49,509
AND I WOULD ARC  -- ARGUE,

1537
00:59:49,509 --> 00:59:51,678
WHETHER WE CAN TRUST EACH OTHER,

1538
00:59:51,678 --> 00:59:54,014
WHERE THINGS CAME FROM, MAKES IT

1539
00:59:54,014 --> 00:59:56,183
MORE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO

1540
00:59:56,183 --> 00:59:57,217
ACHIEVE OPERATIONALLY.

1541
00:59:57,217 --> 00:59:59,486
ONE QUESTION WE'VE BEEN ASKED,

1542
00:59:59,486 --> 01:00:01,655
ARE THERE EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT

1543
01:00:01,655 --> 01:00:01,955
APPROACHES?

1544
01:00:01,955 --> 01:00:03,557
WE HEARD ABOUT CYBER AND

1545
01:00:03,557 --> 01:00:04,624
FORECASTING AS ONE SUGGESTION.

1546
01:00:04,624 --> 01:00:07,127
I WANT TO SHARE MY EXPERIENCE

1547
01:00:07,127 --> 01:00:10,197
WITH W.H.O. LOOKING AT SMALLPOX

1548
01:00:10,197 --> 01:00:12,332
AND GOVERNANCE OF RESEARCH, A

1549
01:00:12,332 --> 01:00:14,801
DIFFERENT APPROACH FROM HOW WE

1550
01:00:14,801 --> 01:00:16,636
THINK OF PANDEMIC POTENTIAL

1551
01:00:16,636 --> 01:00:17,871
PATHOGENS AND DURC.

1552
01:00:17,871 --> 01:00:19,940
CAN I DO RESEARCH ON SMALLPOX

1553
01:00:19,940 --> 01:00:24,477
USING LIVE VIRUS? 

1554
01:00:24,477 --> 01:00:25,879
THE ANSWER IS NO.

1555
01:00:25,879 --> 01:00:27,948
BUT WAIT, I NEED TO DO THE

1556
01:00:27,948 --> 01:00:29,049
EXPERIMENT.

1557
01:00:29,049 --> 01:00:29,516
PLEASE?

1558
01:00:29,516 --> 01:00:31,785
THE ANSWER IS NO BUT MAYBE.

1559
01:00:31,785 --> 01:00:32,352
RIGHT?

1560
01:00:32,352 --> 01:00:34,521
AND THE MAYBE IS SEND US YOUR

1561
01:00:34,521 --> 01:00:35,822
PROPOSAL, WE MIGHT SAY YES ONLY

1562
01:00:35,822 --> 01:00:37,891
IF THE RESEARCH IS ABSOLUTELY

1563
01:00:37,891 --> 01:00:41,728
NECESSARY TO ADVANCE ONE OF

1564
01:00:41,728 --> 01:00:42,629
THREE THINGS, DIAGNOSTIC,

1565
01:00:42,629 --> 01:00:44,497
TREATMENT, MEDICINE, AND YOU'VE

1566
01:00:44,497 --> 01:00:47,934
GOT TO USE LIFE VIRUS, OTHERWISE

1567
01:00:47,934 --> 01:00:48,902
NO.

1568
01:00:48,902 --> 01:00:50,870
THE DETERMINATION IS

1569
01:00:50,870 --> 01:00:52,639
MULTI-LATERAL INTERNATIONAL

1570
01:00:52,639 --> 01:00:52,872
REVIEW.

1571
01:00:52,872 --> 01:00:54,040
AND YES, IF YOU DO THE WORK IT

1572
01:00:54,040 --> 01:00:58,311
HAS TO BE IN A LAB SUBJECT TO

1573
01:00:58,311 --> 01:00:59,012
REGULAR MULTI-LATERAL

1574
01:00:59,012 --> 01:00:59,646
INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION,

1575
01:00:59,646 --> 01:01:00,380
OTHERWISE NO.

1576
01:01:00,380 --> 01:01:07,554
NOW IS THIS SAY APPROACH 

1577
01:01:07,554 --> 01:01:08,688
APPROACH PERFECT?

1578
01:01:08,688 --> 01:01:09,122
UH-UH.

1579
01:01:09,122 --> 01:01:12,425
DURING THE PANDEMIC AND AFTER I

1580
01:01:12,425 --> 01:01:13,960
THINK THIS IS APPROACH IS MUCH

1581
01:01:13,960 --> 01:01:15,428
BETTER AT ESTABLISHING AND

1582
01:01:15,428 --> 01:01:17,497
SUSTAINING TRUST WITH RESPECT TO

1583
01:01:17,497 --> 01:01:18,565
POTENTIALLY CONTROVERSIAL

1584
01:01:18,565 --> 01:01:18,832
RESEARCH.

1585
01:01:18,832 --> 01:01:22,836
SO, I'D LIKE TO SUGGEST WE AT

1586
01:01:22,836 --> 01:01:24,604
LEAST CONSIDER ADOPTING NO-LIKE

1587
01:01:24,604 --> 01:01:28,341
APPROACHES FOR LIMITED NUMBER OF

1588
01:01:28,341 --> 01:01:28,908
PANDEMIC-CAUSING INFECTIOUS

1589
01:01:28,908 --> 01:01:30,176
AGENTS, AT LEAST CONSIDER IT.

1590
01:01:30,176 --> 01:01:31,511
I MENTION THE TRUST.

1591
01:01:31,511 --> 01:01:36,616
I WANT TO ELABORATE IN CLOSING.

1592
01:01:36,616 --> 01:01:37,851
APPROACHING HIS 100th BIRTHDAY

1593
01:01:37,851 --> 01:01:39,286
GEORGE SCHULTZ SHARED THOUGHTS

1594
01:01:39,286 --> 01:01:41,121
ON TRUST VIA A WASHINGTON

1595
01:01:41,121 --> 01:01:42,555
POST-OP ED.

1596
01:01:42,555 --> 01:01:45,625
I'M STILL LEARNING FROM THIS OP

1597
01:01:45,625 --> 01:01:46,393
ED.

1598
01:01:46,393 --> 01:01:47,961
HE WROTE TRUST IS THE COIN OF

1599
01:01:47,961 --> 01:01:48,495
THE REALM.

1600
01:01:48,495 --> 01:01:50,563
WHEN TRUST WAS IN THE ROOM, IN

1601
01:01:50,563 --> 01:01:51,765
HIS EXPERIENCE, WHATEVER THAT

1602
01:01:51,765 --> 01:01:53,633
ROOM WAS, THE FAMILY ROOM,

1603
01:01:53,633 --> 01:01:55,502
SCHOOL ROOM, LOCKER ROOM, OFFICE

1604
01:01:55,502 --> 01:01:57,637
ROOM, GOVERNMENT ROOM, MILITARY

1605
01:01:57,637 --> 01:01:59,439
ROOM, GOOD THINGS HAPPENED.

1606
01:01:59,439 --> 01:02:03,943
WHEN TRUST WAS NOT IN THE ROOM, 

1607
01:02:03,943 --> 01:02:05,145
GOOD THINGS DID NOT HAPPEN.

1608
01:02:05,145 --> 01:02:06,313
EVERYTHING ELSE IS DETAILS.

1609
01:02:06,313 --> 01:02:09,849
DO WE HAVE TRUST IN BIOLOGY?

1610
01:02:09,849 --> 01:02:11,418
HOW DO WE CREATE STRENGTHENED

1611
01:02:11,418 --> 01:02:12,652
AND SUSTAINED TRUST IN BIOLOGY

1612
01:02:12,652 --> 01:02:15,255
AS AREA OF RESEARCH AND

1613
01:02:15,255 --> 01:02:16,589
INCREASINGLY AREA OF PRACTICE?

1614
01:02:16,589 --> 01:02:19,559
DO WE NEED TO DO THIS?

1615
01:02:19,559 --> 01:02:20,026
ABSOLUTELY!

1616
01:02:20,026 --> 01:02:20,660
WHENEVER SOMETHING BECOMES

1617
01:02:20,660 --> 01:02:22,529
IMPORTANT ENOUGH FOR HUMANITY

1618
01:02:22,529 --> 01:02:24,397
AND CIVILIZATION, WE HAVE TO

1619
01:02:24,397 --> 01:02:25,832
DEVELOP ADDITIONAL TOOLS TO

1620
01:02:25,832 --> 01:02:27,901
SUPPORT THE NEWLY IMPORTANT

1621
01:02:27,901 --> 01:02:28,535
THING.

1622
01:02:28,535 --> 01:02:29,636
BIOLOGY IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

1623
01:02:29,636 --> 01:02:29,969
IMPORTANT.

1624
01:02:29,969 --> 01:02:33,473
WE'RE IN THE THIRD DECADE OF

1625
01:02:33,473 --> 01:02:35,342
THE, QUOTE, BIOCENTURY.

1626
01:02:35,342 --> 01:02:37,277
THE EASIEST WAY TO THINK ABOUT

1627
01:02:37,277 --> 01:02:38,745
IT IS MONEY.

1628
01:02:38,745 --> 01:02:42,449
MONEY WAS INVENTED IN THE

1629
01:02:42,449 --> 01:02:44,184
HISTORY OF HUMANITY AND BECAME

1630
01:02:44,184 --> 01:02:44,617
USEFUL.

1631
01:02:44,617 --> 01:02:46,619
ALONG THE WAY WE LEARNED THAT

1632
01:02:46,619 --> 01:02:48,521
MONEY IS NOT ALWAYS USED FOR

1633
01:02:48,521 --> 01:02:49,055
GOOD.

1634
01:02:49,055 --> 01:02:51,191
I.E. CAN WE TRUST PEOPLE IN

1635
01:02:51,191 --> 01:02:53,760
INSTITUTIONS WITH MONEY?

1636
01:02:53,760 --> 01:02:54,294
MOSTLY YES.

1637
01:02:54,294 --> 01:02:55,295
ALWAYS NO.

1638
01:02:55,295 --> 01:02:57,497
WE NO SOME PEOPLE WILL MISUSE

1639
01:02:57,497 --> 01:02:58,798
AND CAUSE HARM VIA MONEY.

1640
01:02:58,798 --> 01:03:01,301
WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT IT?

1641
01:03:01,301 --> 01:03:03,937
DEVELOP AUXILIARY TOOLS AND

1642
01:03:03,937 --> 01:03:04,671
MECHANISMS TO CREATE

1643
01:03:04,671 --> 01:03:07,240
STRENGTHENED AND SUSTAINED TRUST

1644
01:03:07,240 --> 01:03:09,843
IN MONEY, ARE THEY PERFECT, THEY

1645
01:03:09,843 --> 01:03:11,711
OFFER MANY EXAMPLES OF

1646
01:03:11,711 --> 01:03:14,214
OPPORTUNITIES TO CONSIDER TO

1647
01:03:14,214 --> 01:03:14,814
ADVANCING BIOTRUST, INCLUDING

1648
01:03:14,814 --> 01:03:17,217
MECHANISMS THAT CAN BE

1649
01:03:17,217 --> 01:03:21,054
DISTRIBUTED, BOTTOM UP, PRIVATE

1650
01:03:21,054 --> 01:03:21,855
SECTORIZED, INDIVIDUALIZED, SO

1651
01:03:21,855 --> 01:03:22,222
ON.

1652
01:03:22,222 --> 01:03:24,724
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT SOME OF THE

1653
01:03:24,724 --> 01:03:26,493
ASPECTS OF BIOSECURITY AND

1654
01:03:26,493 --> 01:03:30,196
BIORISK AND FAILURES OF NATION

1655
01:03:30,196 --> 01:03:32,499
STATE LEVEL INSPECTIONS,

1656
01:03:32,499 --> 01:03:36,636
BIOCAPACITIES, LEAKING INTO

1657
01:03:36,636 --> 01:03:37,837
INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE MAYBE WE

1658
01:03:37,837 --> 01:03:40,807
SHOULD GIVE THAT TO TRUSTED

1659
01:03:40,807 --> 01:03:44,644
THIRD PARTIES TO DO AUDITS UNDER

1660
01:03:44,644 --> 01:03:45,145
BELIEVABLE CONFIDENTIAL

1661
01:03:45,145 --> 01:03:46,312
AGREEMENTS YET EMIT CERTIFICATES

1662
01:03:46,312 --> 01:03:48,681
OF TRUST THAT CAN CREATE AND

1663
01:03:48,681 --> 01:03:50,383
SUSTAIN TRUST AMONG NETWORKS.

1664
01:03:50,383 --> 01:03:52,419
TO WRAP UP, IF YOU WERE TO LOOK

1665
01:03:52,419 --> 01:03:55,922
AT PERIOD OF TIME FROM 1950 TO

1666
01:03:55,922 --> 01:03:59,659
2050, I THINK HISTORIANS WILL

1667
01:03:59,659 --> 01:04:02,595
LABEL THIS CENTURY, 100- YEAR

1668
01:04:02,595 --> 01:04:03,930
PED AS THE BIOTIC TRANSITION.

1669
01:04:03,930 --> 01:04:05,565
IN 1950 WE DIDN'T HAVE THE

1670
01:04:05,565 --> 01:04:08,168
STRUCTURE OF DNA.

1671
01:04:08,168 --> 01:04:11,104
BY 2050 FRANKLY WHAT I SEE

1672
01:04:11,104 --> 01:04:12,472
ANYBODY ANYWHERE WILL PARTNER

1673
01:04:12,472 --> 01:04:13,540
WITH BIOLOGY TO GROW WHATEVER

1674
01:04:13,540 --> 01:04:14,641
BIOLOGY CAN BE PROGRAMMED TO

1675
01:04:14,641 --> 01:04:14,841
GROW.

1676
01:04:14,841 --> 01:04:17,577
THAT'S GOING TO BE THE END OF

1677
01:04:17,577 --> 01:04:18,478
THE BIOTIC TRANSITION.

1678
01:04:18,478 --> 01:04:20,980
WE THINK ABOUT PRACTICE OF DOING

1679
01:04:20,980 --> 01:04:21,881
RISKY THINGS.

1680
01:04:21,881 --> 01:04:22,449
CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTION IS

1681
01:04:22,449 --> 01:04:24,150
THAT'S JUST GOING TO BE

1682
01:04:24,150 --> 01:04:24,417
POSSIBLE.

1683
01:04:24,417 --> 01:04:26,019
AND SO HOW DO WE GET TO THAT

1684
01:04:26,019 --> 01:04:29,422
FUTURE IN A WAY WHERE WE ADDRESS

1685
01:04:29,422 --> 01:04:31,591
THESE CONCERNS SUCH THAT WE CAN

1686
01:04:31,591 --> 01:04:34,360
TRUST EACH OTHER WITH BIOLOGY.

1687
01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:38,832
I'M GRATEFUL FOR THE  LEGACY AND

1688
01:04:38,832 --> 01:04:39,799
HISTORY OF ONGOING DELIBERATIONS

1689
01:04:39,799 --> 01:04:45,405
IN THE NSABB BUT  ENCOURAGE US

1690
01:04:45,405 --> 01:04:46,906
TO IMAGINE WHERE WE LEANING

1691
01:04:46,906 --> 01:04:48,675
TOWARDS AND ENDING UP AND BUILD

1692
01:04:48,675 --> 01:04:50,477
CAPACITIES NOT JUST AROUND DURC

1693
01:04:50,477 --> 01:04:52,879
AND PANDEMIC POTENTIAL AND

1694
01:04:52,879 --> 01:04:53,613
BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY BUT

1695
01:04:53,613 --> 01:05:01,521
THINGS THAT ARE MORE ACCESSIBLE,

1696
01:05:01,521 --> 01:05:02,088
UNDERSTANDABLE, BIOCODES AND

1697
01:05:02,088 --> 01:05:02,388
BIOTRUST.

1698
01:05:02,388 --> 01:05:04,257
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1699
01:05:04,257 --> 01:05:04,691
>> THANKS.

1700
01:05:04,691 --> 01:05:05,892
YOU'VE GIVEN US THOUGHT

1701
01:05:05,892 --> 01:05:07,560
PROVOKING WAYS TO LOOK AT THE

1702
01:05:07,560 --> 01:05:09,829
FUTURE AND WE'LL HAVE TO SPEND

1703
01:05:09,829 --> 01:05:10,730
MORE TIME UNPACKING.

1704
01:05:10,730 --> 01:05:18,471
HOW DO WE GET TO YEAR  2050 WITH

1705
01:05:18,471 --> 01:05:19,906
THE FOUNDATION OF TRUST AND

1706
01:05:19,906 --> 01:05:20,139
RESPECT.

1707
01:05:20,139 --> 01:05:21,875
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COMMENTS.

1708
01:05:21,875 --> 01:05:30,083
NOW WE'RE GOING TO GO TO AN

1709
01:05:30,083 --> 01:05:31,084
OPPORTUNITY FOR QUESTIONS AND

1710
01:05:31,084 --> 01:05:31,417
DISCUSSION.

1711
01:05:31,417 --> 01:05:33,853
I DON'T SEE ALL THE PARTICIPANTS

1712
01:05:33,853 --> 01:05:34,287
YET.

1713
01:05:34,287 --> 01:05:37,891
WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR OTHER

1714
01:05:37,891 --> 01:05:39,759
PANELISTS, THIS PANEL AND ANY

1715
01:05:39,759 --> 01:05:42,695
OTHERS IN THE SESSION 2 AND 3,

1716
01:05:42,695 --> 01:05:44,998
NSABB MEMBERS WHO WISH TO ASK

1717
01:05:44,998 --> 01:05:52,105
SESSION 1 PANELISTS A QUESTION, 

1718
01:05:52,105 --> 01:05:53,606
NOW IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY.

1719
01:05:53,606 --> 01:06:00,980
I DON'T KNOW WHO HAS HANDS UP

1720
01:06:00,980 --> 01:06:02,048
YET.

1721
01:06:02,048 --> 01:06:04,384
>> I'LL HELP YOU TO CALL
ON

1722
01:06:04,384 --> 01:06:08,454
HANDS SO YOU CAN HE CAN TO US ON

1723
01:06:08,454 --> 01:06:08,888
CONTENT.

1724
01:06:08,888 --> 01:06:10,089
>> ANY HANDS UP?

1725
01:06:10,089 --> 01:06:10,490
NO HANDS UP?

1726
01:06:10,490 --> 01:06:17,830
>> WE DO.

1727
01:06:17,830 --> 01:06:19,532
>> OKAY.

1728
01:06:19,532 --> 01:06:20,133
>> GREAT.

1729
01:06:20,133 --> 01:06:20,900
REALLY GREAT DISCUSSION.

1730
01:06:20,900 --> 01:06:22,969
REALLY GREAT FOOD FOR THOUGHT

1731
01:06:22,969 --> 01:06:23,703
FOR MANY DIFFERENT AREAS, EACH

1732
01:06:23,703 --> 01:06:26,472
OF OF YOU TOUCHED ON.

1733
01:06:26,472 --> 01:06:28,641
MY QUESTION IS MORE ON

1734
01:06:28,641 --> 01:06:33,379
INTANGIBLE TECHNOLOGIES.

1735
01:06:33,379 --> 01:06:35,882
I'D LOVE TO GET PERSPECTIVES,

1736
01:06:35,882 --> 01:06:37,550
DUAL USE LIES ON A SPECTRUM, I'D

1737
01:06:37,550 --> 01:06:40,386
LIKE TO GET YOUR THOUGHTS ON

1738
01:06:40,386 --> 01:06:44,424
RISK OF TRANSFER OF TANGIBLE

1739
01:06:44,424 --> 01:06:45,191
TECHNOLOGIES, DO YOU THINK MORE

1740
01:06:45,191 --> 01:06:54,133
SHOULD BE DONE ON THAT ASPECT?

1741
01:06:54,133 --> 01:06:55,535
OPEN TO ANYBODY WANTING TO

1742
01:06:55,535 --> 01:06:58,605
PROVIDE THEIR THOUGHTS OR 

1743
01:06:58,605 --> 01:07:05,745
SUGGESTIONS ON THAT. 

1744
01:07:05,745 --> 01:07:06,946
>> SOMEBODY STEP FORWARD.

1745
01:07:06,946 --> 01:07:08,715
>> YEAH, I THINK IT
DEPENDS ON

1746
01:07:08,715 --> 01:07:10,817
WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH.

1747
01:07:10,817 --> 01:07:16,155
IT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 

1748
01:07:16,155 --> 01:07:19,559
AND OFTENTIMES THE QUESTION OF

1749
01:07:19,559 --> 01:07:20,293
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS, DATA,

1750
01:07:20,293 --> 01:07:22,195
CAPACITIES WHEN BROUGHT IN THE

1751
01:07:22,195 --> 01:07:25,665
CONTEXT OF RISK OR GEOPOLITICAL

1752
01:07:25,665 --> 01:07:26,666
COMPETITION TRENDS TOWARDS

1753
01:07:26,666 --> 01:07:28,735
KEEPING IT CLOSE OR LOCKING IT

1754
01:07:28,735 --> 01:07:28,935
DOWN.

1755
01:07:28,935 --> 01:07:31,371
I THINK A LOT ABOUT DEMOCRACY.

1756
01:07:31,371 --> 01:07:33,339
AND HOW BIOLOGY AND

1757
01:07:33,339 --> 01:07:34,774
BIOTECHNOLOGY IS RELATED TO

1758
01:07:34,774 --> 01:07:36,075
DEMOCRACY.

1759
01:07:36,075 --> 01:07:37,910
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT TURNS

1760
01:07:37,910 --> 01:07:40,246
INTO A QUESTION FOR ME AT LEAST

1761
01:07:40,246 --> 01:07:43,950
IS WHEN I THINK ABOUT OUR

1762
01:07:43,950 --> 01:07:45,284
BIOLOGICAL FUTURE, AM I A

1763
01:07:45,284 --> 01:07:47,687
CITIZEN OF THAT FUTURE OR A

1764
01:07:47,687 --> 01:07:48,888
CONSUMER OF THAT FUTURE OR

1765
01:07:48,888 --> 01:07:51,124
SUBJECT OR OBJECT IN THAT

1766
01:07:51,124 --> 01:07:52,058
FUTURE?

1767
01:07:52,058 --> 01:07:52,925
AND I'M BIASED.

1768
01:07:52,925 --> 01:07:54,794
LIKE I WOULD PREFER TO BE A

1769
01:07:54,794 --> 01:07:55,361
CITIZEN.

1770
01:07:55,361 --> 01:07:57,530
I WOULD PREFER TO HAVE AN

1771
01:07:57,530 --> 01:07:58,164
AMERICAN BIOECONOMY THAT

1772
01:07:58,164 --> 01:08:00,933
ADVANCES NOT ONLY LIFE WITH

1773
01:08:00,933 --> 01:08:02,135
MEDICINE, FOOD, FUEL, SHELTER,

1774
01:08:02,135 --> 01:08:03,903
ALSO LIBERTY AND PURSUIT OF

1775
01:08:03,903 --> 01:08:04,537
HAPPINESS.

1776
01:08:04,537 --> 01:08:07,340
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN IN PRACTICE?

1777
01:08:07,340 --> 01:08:09,676
AND UNDERNEATH IT ALL IT MEANS

1778
01:08:09,676 --> 01:08:12,011
THAT PEOPLE SHOULD HAVE THE

1779
01:08:12,011 --> 01:08:14,747
OPTION OF ACCESSING ESSENTIAL

1780
01:08:14,747 --> 01:08:15,615
CAPACITIES, WHETHER PUBLIC

1781
01:08:15,615 --> 01:08:18,017
HEALTH OR ABILITY TO EARN A

1782
01:08:18,017 --> 01:08:21,087
LIVELIHOOD OR EDUCATION OR SO

1783
01:08:21,087 --> 01:08:21,254
ON.

1784
01:08:21,254 --> 01:08:24,257
AND SO THAT I THINK IS WHAT

1785
01:08:24,257 --> 01:08:25,558
UNDERLIES AND PUT IN MOTION MANY

1786
01:08:25,558 --> 01:08:27,994
OF THE ACTIVITIES I'M PART OF

1787
01:08:27,994 --> 01:08:29,629
THAT RESULT IN PRACTICALLY

1788
01:08:29,629 --> 01:08:31,364
PROMULGATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND

1789
01:08:31,364 --> 01:08:32,999
DATA AND AWARENESS AND

1790
01:08:32,999 --> 01:08:35,334
CAPACITIES, BECAUSE WE'RE GOING

1791
01:08:35,334 --> 01:08:36,202
FOR CITIZENSHIP.

1792
01:08:36,202 --> 01:08:40,239
A FUTURE COMPRISED OF

1793
01:08:40,239 --> 01:08:40,773
BIOCITIZENS.

1794
01:08:40,773 --> 01:08:42,208
HOW TO STEWARD THAT, RIGHT, IN

1795
01:08:42,208 --> 01:08:43,309
WAYS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE I

1796
01:08:43,309 --> 01:08:47,013
THINK MARIA GIVES GREAT

1797
01:08:47,013 --> 01:08:48,815
EXAMPLES, BUT I WOULDN'T

1798
01:08:48,815 --> 01:08:51,284
REPRESENT THOSE AS BEING

1799
01:08:51,284 --> 01:08:51,951
COLLECTIVELY SUFFICIENT.

1800
01:08:51,951 --> 01:08:55,354
AND THEN WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT IT?

1801
01:08:55,354 --> 01:08:57,256
FOR ME AT LEAST WHAT IT LEADS TO

1802
01:08:57,256 --> 01:09:00,727
IS I'D LIKE TO HAVE A DISCUSSION

1803
01:09:00,727 --> 01:09:01,928
ABOUT CONSERVATIVE STARTING

1804
01:09:01,928 --> 01:09:03,262
ASSUMPTIONS RELATED TO

1805
01:09:03,262 --> 01:09:03,696
BIOSECURITY VICTORY.

1806
01:09:03,696 --> 01:09:07,300
WHAT ARE OUR VICTORY CONDITIONS

1807
01:09:07,300 --> 01:09:09,869
FOR FUTURE WHERE WE'RE NOT AS

1808
01:09:09,869 --> 01:09:13,106
CONCERNED ABOUT - -- - MAYBE WE

1809
01:09:13,106 --> 01:09:14,073
MAKE INFECTIOUS DISEASE

1810
01:09:14,073 --> 01:09:15,608
OBSOLETE, PLEASE, AND WHAT DO WE

1811
01:09:15,608 --> 01:09:17,810
NEED TO DO TO GET TO THAT

1812
01:09:17,810 --> 01:09:19,545
POSITIVE OUTCOME FROM A VICTORY

1813
01:09:19,545 --> 01:09:21,948
CONDITION PERSPECTIVE AND COUPLE

1814
01:09:21,948 --> 01:09:26,052
THAT TO PROMULGATION OF 

1815
01:09:26,052 --> 01:09:26,753
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AND

1816
01:09:26,753 --> 01:09:27,053
CITIZENSHIP?

1817
01:09:27,053 --> 01:09:28,421
I DON'T THINK YOU CAN ADVANCE

1818
01:09:28,421 --> 01:09:32,191
ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER, IT HAS TO

1819
01:09:32,191 --> 01:09:34,093
GO HAND IN HAND.

1820
01:09:34,093 --> 01:09:35,294
OTHERWISE YOU WANT TO SHUT

1821
01:09:35,294 --> 01:09:37,029
EVERYTHING DOWN WHICH DOESN'T

1822
01:09:37,029 --> 01:09:47,573
GET US TO ANYPLACE GOOD EITHER. 

1823
01:09:49,742 --> 01:09:52,912
>> A QUICK QUESTION, I
WOULD

1824
01:09:52,912 --> 01:09:57,950
LIKE TO POSE THE QUESTION TO YOU

1825
01:09:57,950 --> 01:09:59,819
SINCE YOU'RE A FORMER NSABB

1826
01:09:59,819 --> 01:10:03,289
MEMBER, OFFERED A GOOD ANALOGY

1827
01:10:03,289 --> 01:10:07,026
WITH SMALLPOX INTERNATIONAL 

1828
01:10:07,026 --> 01:10:07,960
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEE.

1829
01:10:07,960 --> 01:10:11,931
ON A STEP GETTING TO A BIOCODE,

1830
01:10:11,931 --> 01:10:14,367
I LIKE THAT ANALOGY TOO, BUT

1831
01:10:14,367 --> 01:10:17,203
WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR

1832
01:10:17,203 --> 01:10:18,704
INTEGRATING THE VARIOUS PATCH

1833
01:10:18,704 --> 01:10:21,574
WORK OF OVERSIGHT POLICIES THAT

1834
01:10:21,574 --> 01:10:26,045
WE HAVE TODAY, DURC, P3CO,

1835
01:10:26,045 --> 01:10:29,549
SELECT AGENTS, DO YOU HAVE

1836
01:10:29,549 --> 01:10:30,249
THOUGHTS OF CONSOLIDATING,

1837
01:10:30,249 --> 01:10:35,588
INTEGRATING ON A WAY TO A

1838
01:10:35,588 --> 01:10:36,522
BIOCODE?

1839
01:10:36,522 --> 01:10:43,696
>> IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

1840
01:10:43,696 --> 01:10:44,330
I'M THINKING.

1841
01:10:44,330 --> 01:10:49,602
YEAH, WHAT I WOULD SAY IS, IN MY

1842
01:10:49,602 --> 01:10:52,438
EXPERIENCE, THIS IS A VERY

1843
01:10:52,438 --> 01:10:54,440
BIOFOCUSED CONVERSATION, BUT IN

1844
01:10:54,440 --> 01:10:57,276
MY BROADER EXPERIENCE MOST OF

1845
01:10:57,276 --> 01:11:02,014
OUR LEADERSHIP IN INSTITUTIONS

1846
01:11:02,014 --> 01:11:03,850
AND ORGANIZATIONS IS ABIOTIC,

1847
01:11:03,850 --> 01:11:05,051
LIVING CREATURES, PEOPLE,

1848
01:11:05,051 --> 01:11:06,018
OFTENTIMES DO NOT HAVE WORKING

1849
01:11:06,018 --> 01:11:07,954
KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGY.

1850
01:11:07,954 --> 01:11:11,624
THEY MIGHT BE AN EXPERT IN, SAY,

1851
01:11:11,624 --> 01:11:13,025
NUCLEAR SECURITY OR SOVIET UNION

1852
01:11:13,025 --> 01:11:14,026
HISTORY OR WHAT HAVE YOU, STILL

1853
01:11:14,026 --> 01:11:17,496
TO THIS DAY MOST OF OUR LEADERS

1854
01:11:17,496 --> 01:11:19,131
ACROSS CORPORATIONS,

1855
01:11:19,131 --> 01:11:22,001
INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT, I

1856
01:11:22,001 --> 01:11:23,302
WOULD CALL ABIOTIC.

1857
01:11:23,302 --> 01:11:25,872
MANY OF US IN BIOLOGY, ALTHOUGH

1858
01:11:25,872 --> 01:11:28,007
WE WRESTLE WITH STRATEGIC

1859
01:11:28,007 --> 01:11:30,543
TOPICS, ARE NOT ALWAYS WELL

1860
01:11:30,543 --> 01:11:32,278
FAMILIAR WITH STRATEGY AND GEO

1861
01:11:32,278 --> 01:11:37,583
POLITICS AND SO ON AND SO FORTH.

1862
01:11:37,583 --> 01:11:40,019
IT'S NOT THAT ANYBODY'S AT FAULT

1863
01:11:40,019 --> 01:11:43,656
OR BAD, BUT THEY ARE MERGING

1864
01:11:43,656 --> 01:11:44,357
QUICKLY ENOUGH, QUICKER THAN

1865
01:11:44,357 --> 01:11:46,058
PEOPLE ARE LEARNING FROM EACH

1866
01:11:46,058 --> 01:11:47,393
OTHER SO MY HIGH LEVEL COMMENT

1867
01:11:47,393 --> 01:11:56,469
IN   RESPONSE, WE HAVE TO WEAVE

1868
01:11:56,469 --> 01:11:59,071
TOGETHER, USG HAS A CRITICAL

1869
01:11:59,071 --> 01:12:00,706
ROLE, URGENCY, AWARENESS OF

1870
01:12:00,706 --> 01:12:03,242
BIOLOGY AS STRATEGIC DOMAIN TO

1871
01:12:03,242 --> 01:12:07,413
E. THAT CAN LEAD TO CIVIL

1872
01:12:07,413 --> 01:12:09,682
DECISION SCALE FLOURISHING THAT

1873
01:12:09,682 --> 01:12:11,117
DEMOCRATIZES BUT COMES WITH RISK

1874
01:12:11,117 --> 01:12:17,290
AS WE'RE FOCUSING ON HERE.

1875
01:12:17,290 --> 01:12:19,025
GETTING AWARENESS AND

1876
01:12:19,025 --> 01:12:20,793
CONVERSATION SUSTAINED AS

1877
01:12:20,793 --> 01:12:21,360
ALL-HANDS APPROACH ACROSS

1878
01:12:21,360 --> 01:12:22,628
GOVERNMENT IS STILL I WOULD SAY

1879
01:12:22,628 --> 01:12:25,698
A WORK IN PROGRESS AND COULD BE

1880
01:12:25,698 --> 01:12:28,567
STRENGTHENED AND AM LOUSE IF

1881
01:12:28,567 --> 01:12:33,572
WE -- ALLOWS IF WE DO IT RIGHT

1882
01:12:33,572 --> 01:12:39,645
HOW DO WE SUSTAIN METAGENOMIC 

1883
01:12:39,645 --> 01:12:43,516
EXPERIENCE IN PERPETUITY.

1884
01:12:43,516 --> 01:12:45,718
WRAPPING UP POLICIES IN THE

1885
01:12:45,718 --> 01:12:49,989
CONTEXT WHERE WE HAVE BIOTIC

1886
01:12:49,989 --> 01:12:51,757
LEADERSHIP, COLLECTIVELY, FEELS

1887
01:12:51,757 --> 01:12:54,360
LIKE THE NEXT MOVE.

1888
01:12:54,360 --> 01:12:59,265
>> YEAH, THANK YOU.

1889
01:12:59,265 --> 01:13:01,734
>> WE HAVE PANELISTS WITH
A HAND

1890
01:13:01,734 --> 01:13:01,968
UP.

1891
01:13:01,968 --> 01:13:03,336
>> THAT WAS FANTASTIC.

1892
01:13:03,336 --> 01:13:05,838
THIS MIGHT BE FOR MARIA BUT A

1893
01:13:05,838 --> 01:13:10,776
GENERAL QUESTION AS YOU WERE ALL

1894
01:13:10,776 --> 01:13:12,611
TALKING, THINKING ABOUT TRUST IN

1895
01:13:12,611 --> 01:13:15,281
THE COMMUNITY REMINDED ME ABOUT

1896
01:13:15,281 --> 01:13:19,218
THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF COMMUNITY

1897
01:13:19,218 --> 01:13:20,519
BIOSAFETY BOARDS WHICH NOBODY

1898
01:13:20,519 --> 01:13:23,589
HAS REALLY MENTIONED, AND THAT

1899
01:13:23,589 --> 01:13:25,458
SEEMS LIKE A POTENTIAL CONDUIT

1900
01:13:25,458 --> 01:13:32,665
FOR A LOT OF THE THINGS THAT YOU

1901
01:13:32,665 --> 01:13:34,100
ALL ARE TALKING ABOUT AND WANTED

1902
01:13:34,100 --> 01:13:36,702
TO GET YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT.

1903
01:13:36,702 --> 01:13:38,371
>> NO, THAT'S SOMETHING MY

1904
01:13:38,371 --> 01:13:39,338
COMMUNITY, THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY,

1905
01:13:39,338 --> 01:13:40,973
HAS BEEN DISCUSSING AS SOMETHING

1906
01:13:40,973 --> 01:13:44,276
THAT THEY WANT TO BUILD OUT AND

1907
01:13:44,276 --> 01:13:47,813
LOOK TOWARDS IS, AGAIN, LOOKING

1908
01:13:47,813 --> 01:13:48,981
AT TOP LEVEL QUESTIONS DREW

1909
01:13:48,981 --> 01:13:50,716
ASKED, THE PURPOSE OF IRB.

1910
01:13:50,716 --> 01:13:52,918
WE HAVE A SUBGROUP MEETING FOR

1911
01:13:52,918 --> 01:13:54,320
TWO YEARS, NOT OFTEN ENOUGH,

1912
01:13:54,320 --> 01:13:58,491
THAT WANTS TO TRY TO CREATE AN

1913
01:13:58,491 --> 01:13:59,258
IRB STRUCTURE FOR COMMUNITY LABS

1914
01:13:59,258 --> 01:14:00,893
AT LEAST IN THE U.S. BUT WE'RE

1915
01:14:00,893 --> 01:14:01,894
ASKING BIGGER QUESTIONS LIKE

1916
01:14:01,894 --> 01:14:04,163
WHAT IS IT IRBs DO AND LOOK AT

1917
01:14:04,163 --> 01:14:08,567
IT AND HOW CAN WE MAKE THEM MORE

1918
01:14:08,567 --> 01:14:11,370
EFFICIENT AT GETTING AWAY FROM

1919
01:14:11,370 --> 01:14:12,304
BUREAUCRACY, GUIDING PEOPLE WHO

1920
01:14:12,304 --> 01:14:13,606
WANT TO DO EXPERIMENTS SAFELY

1921
01:14:13,606 --> 01:14:17,443
BECAUSE I THINK THAT WE NEED TO,

1922
01:14:17,443 --> 01:14:19,178
AGAIN, I LEAN STRONGLY TO WHAT

1923
01:14:19,178 --> 01:14:21,514
DREW SAID, BUILD COMMUNITIES OF

1924
01:14:21,514 --> 01:14:23,649
TRUST, BUILD BOTTOM-UP TRUST NOT

1925
01:14:23,649 --> 01:14:24,550
JUST WITH RESEARCHERS BUT

1926
01:14:24,550 --> 01:14:27,053
GENERAL PUBLIC BECAUSE I DO FEEL

1927
01:14:27,053 --> 01:14:28,988
LIKE THE FAULTS IN THE SYSTEM

1928
01:14:28,988 --> 01:14:30,389
THIS PANDEMIC HAS SHOWN US WHERE

1929
01:14:30,389 --> 01:14:34,994
WE DON'T HAVE TRUST IN SCIENCE,

1930
01:14:34,994 --> 01:14:36,295
IN POLICIES, IN TECHNOLOGY, AND

1931
01:14:36,295 --> 01:14:38,164
WE NEED TO REBUILD THOSE ROADS

1932
01:14:38,164 --> 01:14:39,565
AND SO FIGURING OUT, YOU KNOW,

1933
01:14:39,565 --> 01:14:42,301
HOW CAN WE GET A COMMUNITY

1934
01:14:42,301 --> 01:14:45,805
REVIEW BOARD, HOW CAN WE

1935
01:14:45,805 --> 01:14:47,573
IDENTIFY AND CREATE BOTH WITH

1936
01:14:47,573 --> 01:14:48,908
THE COMMUNITY, WHICH MEANS THE

1937
01:14:48,908 --> 01:14:50,209
RESEARCHERS WHO WANT TO DO

1938
01:14:50,209 --> 01:14:52,311
COMMUNITY RESEARCH, WITH THE

1939
01:14:52,311 --> 01:14:54,447
COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES, AS WELL

1940
01:14:54,447 --> 01:14:55,147
AS POTENTIALLY FEDERAL AGENCIES

1941
01:14:55,147 --> 01:14:59,718
THAT WANT TO SUPPORT  US IS

1942
01:14:59,718 --> 01:15:00,386
IMPORTANT CONVERSATIONS AND

1943
01:15:00,386 --> 01:15:03,989
SUBGROUP WORKING ON THAT IRB HAS

1944
01:15:03,989 --> 01:15:06,726
MULTIPLE FOLKS WHO RUN THEIR

1945
01:15:06,726 --> 01:15:08,027
UNIVERSITY'S IRB GROUPS.

1946
01:15:08,027 --> 01:15:09,795
SO WE'RE LOOKING AGAIN AT

1947
01:15:09,795 --> 01:15:11,197
RETHINKING WHY ARE WE DOING THIS

1948
01:15:11,197 --> 01:15:13,632
AND HOW CAN WE DO IT BETTER.

1949
01:15:13,632 --> 01:15:15,301
AND A LITTLE BIT MORE FLEXIBLE

1950
01:15:15,301 --> 01:15:25,778
EXAMPLE OF HOW TO DO THAT. 

1951
01:15:26,412 --> 01:15:26,712
>> THANK YOU.

1952
01:15:26,712 --> 01:15:27,980
LYRIC, ARE YOU SEEING ANY OTHER

1953
01:15:27,980 --> 01:15:29,181
HANDS UP?

1954
01:15:29,181 --> 01:15:31,484
>> I WOULD LOVE TO ASK A

1955
01:15:31,484 --> 01:15:32,952
QUESTION, IF POSSIBLE.

1956
01:15:32,952 --> 01:15:34,420
I HEARD SOME THEMES FROM THE

1957
01:15:34,420 --> 01:15:36,322
FIRST PANEL ON THE SCOPE AND

1958
01:15:36,322 --> 01:15:37,490
DEFINITION FOR THIS SECTION.

1959
01:15:37,490 --> 01:15:43,095
I'D LIKE TO THINK ABOUT SOME

1960
01:15:43,095 --> 01:15:48,100
CONCRETE STEPS MOVING FORWARD,

1961
01:15:48,100 --> 01:15:49,301
THEME OF BOUGHT-UP, RISK BASED

1962
01:15:49,301 --> 01:15:50,436
APPROACH IS NOT NECESSARILY

1963
01:15:50,436 --> 01:15:54,573
WITHIN THE SCOPE OF 7, 15, OR

1964
01:15:54,573 --> 01:15:57,109
LISTED CATEGORIZATIONS.

1965
01:15:57,109 --> 01:16:00,513
ON THE SAME VEIN, MAKING

1966
01:16:00,513 --> 01:16:01,680
CONVERSATION ACCESSIBLE AND

1967
01:16:01,680 --> 01:16:02,781
BUILDING TRUST, WHAT YOU THINK

1968
01:16:02,781 --> 01:16:04,316
THE FUTURE LOOKS LIKE, HOW ARE

1969
01:16:04,316 --> 01:16:06,051
YOU CONCRETE IN MAKING THINGS

1970
01:16:06,051 --> 01:16:07,386
ACCESSIBLE AND DEFINING WHAT WE

1971
01:16:07,386 --> 01:16:12,758
MEAN HERE BUT ALSO HAVING THE

1972
01:16:12,758 --> 01:16:15,060
FLEXIBILITY AND FLUIDITY AROUND

1973
01:16:15,060 --> 01:16:15,761
CULTURE, RISK ASSESSMENT, WHAT

1974
01:16:15,761 --> 01:16:19,832
ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEXT

1975
01:16:19,832 --> 01:16:23,836
STEPS FOR THE POLICY?

1976
01:16:23,836 --> 01:16:26,939
>> I'LL JUMP IN BECAUSE
YOU SAID

1977
01:16:26,939 --> 01:16:29,008
KEY WORDS I LOVE, CULTURE AROUND

1978
01:16:29,008 --> 01:16:29,408
COMMUNITY.

1979
01:16:29,408 --> 01:16:30,976
I THINK THAT ONE OF THE THINGS I

1980
01:16:30,976 --> 01:16:34,013
TEND TO SEE BEING OUTSIDE OF

1981
01:16:34,013 --> 01:16:35,881
U.S. GOVERNMENT BUT WORKING VERY

1982
01:16:35,881 --> 01:16:38,817
DILIGENTLY FOR TEN YEARS NOW

1983
01:16:38,817 --> 01:16:40,686
BUILDING A GLOBAL COMMUNITY AND

1984
01:16:40,686 --> 01:16:42,988
STARTING TO STEWARD THAT IS THAT

1985
01:16:42,988 --> 01:16:45,591
ONE OF THE THINGS I'D LOVE TO

1986
01:16:45,591 --> 01:16:46,825
SEE IS MORE COMMUNICATION

1987
01:16:46,825 --> 01:16:47,793
AMONGST FEDERAL AGENCIES.

1988
01:16:47,793 --> 01:16:49,562
I THINK RIGHT NOW THE

1989
01:16:49,562 --> 01:16:51,397
DISTRIBUTED NATURE OF THESE

1990
01:16:51,397 --> 01:16:53,165
POLICIES AND AGENCIES THAT ARE

1991
01:16:53,165 --> 01:16:55,701
IMPLEMENTING THEM IS ONE OF THE

1992
01:16:55,701 --> 01:16:58,103
WEAKNESSES, IS GETTING SOME MORE

1993
01:16:58,103 --> 01:17:01,140
UNIFIED APPROACHES TO THEM, MORE

1994
01:17:01,140 --> 01:17:02,041
DISCIPLINARY APPROACH BUT IN

1995
01:17:02,041 --> 01:17:03,142
GENERAL IF YOU WANT TO BUILD

1996
01:17:03,142 --> 01:17:04,109
COMMUNITY YOU START WITH THE

1997
01:17:04,109 --> 01:17:05,311
COMMUNITY YOU HAVE AND YOU HAVE

1998
01:17:05,311 --> 01:17:06,845
THIS COMMUNITY ALREADY IN THE

1999
01:17:06,845 --> 01:17:07,713
U.S. GOVERNMENT.

2000
01:17:07,713 --> 01:17:09,281
SO START WITH BUILDING COMMUNITY

2001
01:17:09,281 --> 01:17:11,250
THERE AS WELL AS REACHING OUT TO

2002
01:17:11,250 --> 01:17:12,418
STAKEHOLDERS IN THE OTHER

2003
01:17:12,418 --> 01:17:14,420
IDENTIFIED GROUPS YOU WANT TO

2004
01:17:14,420 --> 01:17:15,921
TALK WITH, AND INVITING THEM

2005
01:17:15,921 --> 01:17:16,689
INTO THE CONVERSATION.

2006
01:17:16,689 --> 01:17:24,763
I THINK THAT'S STEP ONE. 

2007
01:17:24,763 --> 01:17:25,998
>> JIM, I'D LIKE TO HEAR
YOUR

2008
01:17:25,998 --> 01:17:27,433
THOUGHTS ON THAT.

2009
01:17:27,433 --> 01:17:30,169
MY THOUGHTS WERE SIMILAR TO

2010
01:17:30,169 --> 01:17:30,836
LYRIC'S.

2011
01:17:30,836 --> 01:17:32,004
YOU ALMOST LAID OUT A LOT OF

2012
01:17:32,004 --> 01:17:34,640
THINGS THAT COULD BE TURNED INTO

2013
01:17:34,640 --> 01:17:37,142
A ROADMAP OF ACTION ITEMS.

2014
01:17:37,142 --> 01:17:38,143
AND MAYBE ONE SPECIFIC ACTION

2015
01:17:38,143 --> 01:17:42,748
ITEM IS HOW DO WE ELEVATE THE

2016
01:17:42,748 --> 01:17:45,684
IBC TO THE EQUIVALENT OF IACUC

2017
01:17:45,684 --> 01:17:47,586
AND REVIEW BOARDS?

2018
01:17:47,586 --> 01:17:50,055
THAT'S AN ACTIONABLE ITEM.

2019
01:17:50,055 --> 01:17:50,389
>> RIGHT.

2020
01:17:50,389 --> 01:17:53,225
YOU KNOW, THAT'S A GOOD

2021
01:17:53,225 --> 01:17:54,226
QUESTION.

2022
01:17:54,226 --> 01:17:56,395
I THINK THE REAL CHALLENGE IS

2023
01:17:56,395 --> 01:17:58,030
NOT IN ACADEMIA AND RESEARCH

2024
01:17:58,030 --> 01:17:58,497
ORGANIZATIONS.

2025
01:17:58,497 --> 01:18:02,001
I THINK IT'S IN THIS MUCH

2026
01:18:02,001 --> 01:18:03,435
BROADER COMMUNITY THAT WE'VE

2027
01:18:03,435 --> 01:18:05,504
ALREADY BEEN TALKING ABOUT AND

2028
01:18:05,504 --> 01:18:10,209
HOW DO WE ENGAGE THEM?

2029
01:18:10,209 --> 01:18:12,278
IT REALLY GOES BEYOND THE

2030
01:18:12,278 --> 01:18:14,713
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHERS.

2031
01:18:14,713 --> 01:18:17,883
THERE'S AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF

2032
01:18:17,883 --> 01:18:19,785
ENGAGEMENT IN THE COMMERCIAL

2033
01:18:19,785 --> 01:18:22,721
SECTOR THAT REALLY IS

2034
01:18:22,721 --> 01:18:23,789
INDEPENDENTLY FUNDED, DOES THEIR

2035
01:18:23,789 --> 01:18:27,192
OWN THING, AND HOW DO WE ENGAGE

2036
01:18:27,192 --> 01:18:28,060
THEM?

2037
01:18:28,060 --> 01:18:30,929
FOR EXAMPLE, WE'VE ALL SEEN ADS

2038
01:18:30,929 --> 01:18:31,697
FOR BOTOX.

2039
01:18:31,697 --> 01:18:36,135
SO, HOW DO WE MAKE BOTOX?

2040
01:18:36,135 --> 01:18:37,736
WHAT'S THAT ENTIRE PROCESS?

2041
01:18:37,736 --> 01:18:39,705
ARE THERE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH

2042
01:18:39,705 --> 01:18:39,905
THAT?

2043
01:18:39,905 --> 01:18:41,907
I MEAN, I DON'T KNOW.

2044
01:18:41,907 --> 01:18:45,177
I'M SURE SOMEBODY KNOWS ALL OF

2045
01:18:45,177 --> 01:18:45,377
THAT.

2046
01:18:45,377 --> 01:18:47,479
BUT THERE'S JUST A MUCH BROADER

2047
01:18:47,479 --> 01:18:49,014
COMMUNITY THAT WE NEED TO FIGURE

2048
01:18:49,014 --> 01:18:50,883
OUT WAYS TO ENGAGE IN.

2049
01:18:50,883 --> 01:18:53,085
AND I THINK WE DO HAVE A GOOD

2050
01:18:53,085 --> 01:18:54,386
STRUCTURE IN PLACE.

2051
01:18:54,386 --> 01:18:57,990
AND I LOVE THE EMPHASIS ON

2052
01:18:57,990 --> 01:19:01,260
CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY.

2053
01:19:01,260 --> 01:19:03,362
I ABSOLUTELY THANK DREW FOR

2054
01:19:03,362 --> 01:19:04,930
RECALLING THE GEORGE SCHULTZ

2055
01:19:04,930 --> 01:19:05,431
EDITORIAL.

2056
01:19:05,431 --> 01:19:07,933
I MEAN, THAT WAS SUCH A

2057
01:19:07,933 --> 01:19:08,801
BEAUTIFUL PIECE.

2058
01:19:08,801 --> 01:19:10,336
SO I THINK THE FOUNDATION IS

2059
01:19:10,336 --> 01:19:10,569
THERE.

2060
01:19:10,569 --> 01:19:13,072
HOW DO WE OPEN THE GATES SO

2061
01:19:13,072 --> 01:19:13,939
WE'RE MORE INCLUSIVE?

2062
01:19:13,939 --> 01:19:16,842
NOT ONLY WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT

2063
01:19:16,842 --> 01:19:18,344
BUT MUCH MORE BROADER.

2064
01:19:18,344 --> 01:19:22,414
LET ME STOP. 

2065
01:19:22,414 --> 01:19:23,349
THANK YOU.

2066
01:19:23,349 --> 01:19:23,816
>> OTHERS?

2067
01:19:23,816 --> 01:19:25,317
WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT A

2068
01:19:25,317 --> 01:19:26,418
CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR

2069
01:19:26,418 --> 01:19:28,053
QUITE SOME TIME.

2070
01:19:28,053 --> 01:19:29,321
WE REALLY HAVE TO PROPAGATE IT

2071
01:19:29,321 --> 01:19:31,156
OUT IN OUR OTHER THAN COUNTRY

2072
01:19:31,156 --> 01:19:32,224
AND ACROSS THE WORLD.

2073
01:19:32,224 --> 01:19:34,393
WE'VE GOT TO FIGURE OUT THE WAY

2074
01:19:34,393 --> 01:19:37,930
TO TAKE ACTION ON THAT.

2075
01:19:37,930 --> 01:19:39,098
>> I SEE TWO HANDS AND
WE'LL

2076
01:19:39,098 --> 01:19:42,167
HAVE TO GO TO A BREAK.

2077
01:19:42,167 --> 01:19:45,170
FIRST KENNETH BERNARD AND

2078
01:19:45,170 --> 01:19:45,604
CARMELA HAINES.

2079
01:19:45,604 --> 01:19:49,541
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME OKAY?

2080
01:19:49,541 --> 01:19:50,442
>> YEAH.

2081
01:19:50,442 --> 01:19:53,679
>> I'M ON A PLANE.

2082
01:19:53,679 --> 01:19:55,347
I WANT TO EMPHASIZE WHAT BOTH

2083
01:19:55,347 --> 01:19:56,849
DREW AND JIM JUST SAID.

2084
01:19:56,849 --> 01:19:58,784
WE'VE GOT TO EXPAND THE

2085
01:19:58,784 --> 01:20:02,321
OVERSIGHT IF WE WANT TO BE TAKEN

2086
01:20:02,321 --> 01:20:05,391
SERIOUSLY IN THE NATIONAL

2087
01:20:05,391 --> 01:20:07,259
SECURITY STRATEGIC POLICIES

2088
01:20:07,259 --> 01:20:10,329
ARENA WE'VE GOT TO GET OUT OF

2089
01:20:10,329 --> 01:20:12,398
OUR BIOWORLD WHERE WE ALL KNOW

2090
01:20:12,398 --> 01:20:12,965
EACH OTHER.

2091
01:20:12,965 --> 01:20:14,700
THERE SHOULD BE A BUNCH OF

2092
01:20:14,700 --> 01:20:16,668
PEOPLE ON THESE COMMITTEES THAT

2093
01:20:16,668 --> 01:20:18,570
COME FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS,

2094
01:20:18,570 --> 01:20:21,507
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC, INCLUDING

2095
01:20:21,507 --> 01:20:23,575
DEFENSE SECTORS AND OTHERS.

2096
01:20:23,575 --> 01:20:27,546
I THINK A RECENT INFORMATION WE

2097
01:20:27,546 --> 01:20:30,048
JUST GOT A P3CO REALLY IT'S ONLY

2098
01:20:30,048 --> 01:20:36,622
HHS WHO IS CONCERNED ABOUT IT.

2099
01:20:36,622 --> 01:20:38,791
IT'S SHOULD BE A CONCERN ACROSS

2100
01:20:38,791 --> 01:20:44,596
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND

2101
01:20:44,596 --> 01:20:44,963
INTERNATIONALLY.

2102
01:20:44,963 --> 01:20:45,464
DREW NAILED THIS.

2103
01:20:45,464 --> 01:20:53,238
WE HAVE TO STOP LOOKING FROM A

2104
01:20:53,238 --> 01:20:55,307
BIOSPECIFIC PERSPECTIVE AND LOOK

2105
01:20:55,307 --> 01:20:56,875
AT A STRATEGIC ISSUE, LOOK AT

2106
01:20:56,875 --> 01:20:59,711
IMPACT OF COVID OR DISCUSSION ON

2107
01:20:59,711 --> 01:21:00,813
SMALL POSITION TO REALIZE WHY

2108
01:21:00,813 --> 01:21:08,120
THAT'S THE CASE.

2109
01:21:08,120 --> 01:21:09,154
THANK YOU.

2110
01:21:09,154 --> 01:21:10,222
>> IT'S A CONVERSATION
WE'VE

2111
01:21:10,222 --> 01:21:11,990
BEEN TRYING TO HAVE FOR SOME

2112
01:21:11,990 --> 01:21:15,360
TIME BUT NOW IS THE TIME.

2113
01:21:15,360 --> 01:21:19,765
>> I SEE CARMELA.

2114
01:21:19,765 --> 01:21:23,202
>> HELLO, EVERYBODY, FROM
EMORY

2115
01:21:23,202 --> 01:21:24,837
UNIVERSITY, MEMBERS OF NSABB.

2116
01:21:24,837 --> 01:21:27,339
GOOD TO SEE EVERYONE.

2117
01:21:27,339 --> 01:21:37,382
I WANTED TO FOLLOW UP AND AND

2118
01:21:37,382 --> 01:21:39,017
DREW'S POINT, ABOUT POLITICAL

2119
01:21:39,017 --> 01:21:40,853
HEALTH, RIGHT?

2120
01:21:40,853 --> 01:21:42,054
THAT'S HUGE, RIGHT?

2121
01:21:42,054 --> 01:21:48,293
SCIENTISTS ARE GOOD AT

2122
01:21:48,293 --> 01:21:49,228
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS, TECHNICAL

2123
01:21:49,228 --> 01:21:51,163
SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS BUT USING

2124
01:21:51,163 --> 01:21:54,433
COVID AS AN EXAMPLE WE'VE HAD

2125
01:21:54,433 --> 01:21:57,135
THIS BEAUTIFUL SORT OF SPED-UP

2126
01:21:57,135 --> 01:22:00,906
DEVELOPMENT OF A VACCINE THAT IS

2127
01:22:00,906 --> 01:22:03,475
SAFE AND THEN WE SEE YOU CAN

2128
01:22:03,475 --> 01:22:04,409
DEVELOP THIS BEAUTIFUL THING,

2129
01:22:04,409 --> 01:22:06,512
AND THEN IT'S UP TO A PERSON TO

2130
01:22:06,512 --> 01:22:07,946
ACTUALLY TAKE THE VACCINE SO

2131
01:22:07,946 --> 01:22:12,718
THERE'S ALWAYS THAT PART.

2132
01:22:12,718 --> 01:22:17,322
I WANTED TO SECOND HIS POINT.

2133
01:22:17,322 --> 01:22:19,157
IT'S ABSOLUTELY IMPORTANT AND

2134
01:22:19,157 --> 01:22:21,593
SORT OF DEALING WITH THE ASPECT

2135
01:22:21,593 --> 01:22:23,629
OF THINGS, FOLKS SHY AWAY, IT'S

2136
01:22:23,629 --> 01:22:24,463
HARD.

2137
01:22:24,463 --> 01:22:26,865
IT'S NOT EASY.

2138
01:22:26,865 --> 01:22:34,540
THIS IS NOT NECESSARILY A

2139
01:22:34,540 --> 01:22:35,741
CRITICISM, IT'S HARD TO DO BUT

2140
01:22:35,741 --> 01:22:37,776
THAT DOESN'T MEAN WE SHOULD NOT.

2141
01:22:37,776 --> 01:22:40,212
I JUST WANTED TO ALSO ADD WHAT

2142
01:22:40,212 --> 01:22:42,948
I'VE WITNESSED ON THE GROUND,

2143
01:22:42,948 --> 01:22:45,017
SOME THINGS I'VE OBSERVED, THE

2144
01:22:45,017 --> 01:22:48,854
PUSHBACK AND REJECTION AND

2145
01:22:48,854 --> 01:22:51,723
MISTRUST, KEY FACTOR IN THAT IS

2146
01:22:51,723 --> 01:22:56,094
THAT WHEN THERE IS SORT OF LIKE

2147
01:22:56,094 --> 01:22:59,031
A HOLE OR GAP THAT SORT OF

2148
01:22:59,031 --> 01:23:00,332
DIVIDES, YOU KNOW, PRACTICING

2149
01:23:00,332 --> 01:23:02,000
SCIENTISTS FROM PEOPLE WHO DON'T

2150
01:23:02,000 --> 01:23:03,869
HAPPEN TO BE PRACTICING

2151
01:23:03,869 --> 01:23:06,038
SCIENTISTS, THERE'S THIS HOLE

2152
01:23:06,038 --> 01:23:07,139
THAT'S GETTING FILLED IN BY

2153
01:23:07,139 --> 01:23:09,841
PEOPLE WHO HAVE ALL THE

2154
01:23:09,841 --> 01:23:11,710
CONFIDENCE AND NO COMPETENCE,

2155
01:23:11,710 --> 01:23:15,347
WHO PROCLAIM THEY KNOW THINGS,

2156
01:23:15,347 --> 01:23:17,449
THAT THEY DON'T.

2157
01:23:17,449 --> 01:23:19,952
LITERALLY TO AVOID USING THE

2158
01:23:19,952 --> 01:23:21,286
BUZZWORD, MISINFORMATION, THAT

2159
01:23:21,286 --> 01:23:25,757
PLAYED A HUGE ROLE IN KEEPING

2160
01:23:25,757 --> 01:23:34,733
THAT DIVIDE THERE, EVEN WIDENING

2161
01:23:34,733 --> 01:23:34,900
IT.

2162
01:23:34,900 --> 01:23:39,137
I WOULD LIKE TO HE SEE US GET

2163
01:23:39,137 --> 01:23:39,504
COMFORTABLE.

2164
01:23:39,504 --> 01:23:40,872
ANTICIPATE AND ENGAGE.

2165
01:23:40,872 --> 01:23:42,841
WE SEPARATE OURSELVES FROM

2166
01:23:42,841 --> 01:23:45,077
PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND SPREADING

2167
01:23:45,077 --> 01:23:47,012
MISINFORMATION, WHO EVEN MAKE A

2168
01:23:47,012 --> 01:23:49,314
SHOW OUT OF CONFRONTING

2169
01:23:49,314 --> 01:23:50,716
SCIENTISTS AND ALL THIS, WE

2170
01:23:50,716 --> 01:23:54,019
SHOULDN'T GIVE UP IN THAT ARENA

2171
01:23:54,019 --> 01:23:56,455
BECAUSE YOU DEFINITELY LOSE WHEN

2172
01:23:56,455 --> 01:23:59,691
YOU COMPLETELY DISENGAGE.

2173
01:23:59,691 --> 01:24:01,760
WHAT'S GIVEN ME HOPE, I PRAISE

2174
01:24:01,760 --> 01:24:03,395
PEOPLE WITH ENOUGH PATIENCE TO

2175
01:24:03,395 --> 01:24:06,598
GET INTO THAT ARENA AND ENGAGE

2176
01:24:06,598 --> 01:24:09,368
BUT HAVING US CONSTANTLY SORT OF

2177
01:24:09,368 --> 01:24:12,037
BEING THERE AND BEING PRESENT

2178
01:24:12,037 --> 01:24:15,340
AND ALSO INVITING PEOPLE INTO

2179
01:24:15,340 --> 01:24:18,277
CONVERSATIONS IS CRITICAL.

2180
01:24:18,277 --> 01:24:20,379
I'VE SEEN SOME AMAZING PUBLIC

2181
01:24:20,379 --> 01:24:22,014
SCIENCE AND PUBLIC EDUCATION

2182
01:24:22,014 --> 01:24:24,683
PEOPLE JUMP INTO THE RING AND

2183
01:24:24,683 --> 01:24:28,887
PUSH BACK AGAINST A LOT OF

2184
01:24:28,887 --> 01:24:30,222
INFORMATION AND I'VE WITNESSED

2185
01:24:30,222 --> 01:24:32,891
AT A MICROSCALE THAT ENGAGEMENT

2186
01:24:32,891 --> 01:24:35,694
ACTUALLY HAVING A GOOD SORT OF

2187
01:24:35,694 --> 01:24:38,964
OPPOSITE AND POSITIVE EFFECT TO

2188
01:24:38,964 --> 01:24:42,701
HELP HEAL THE MISTRUST AND THE

2189
01:24:42,701 --> 01:24:43,135
SEPARATION.

2190
01:24:43,135 --> 01:24:44,603
>> THANK YOU FOR THOSE
COMMENTS.

2191
01:24:44,603 --> 01:24:52,411
WE HAVE TO STAY ENGAGED IN

2192
01:24:52,411 --> 01:24:53,645
MULTIPLE ARENAS, INCLUDING

2193
01:24:53,645 --> 01:24:55,814
POLITICAL ARENA AND NATIONAL

2194
01:24:55,814 --> 01:24:56,181
SECURITY ARENA.

2195
01:24:56,181 --> 01:24:57,349
WE'VE COME TO THE END TIME OF

2196
01:24:57,349 --> 01:24:59,317
THIS SESSION.

2197
01:24:59,317 --> 01:25:00,285
I THANK OUR PANELISTS.

2198
01:25:00,285 --> 01:25:01,820
IF WE WERE IN PERSON I WOULD ASK

2199
01:25:01,820 --> 01:25:07,292
FOR A ROUND OF APPLAUSE FOR YOUR

2200
01:25:07,292 --> 01:25:07,859
THOUGHTFUL COMMENTS AND

2201
01:25:07,859 --> 01:25:10,796
PREPARATION FOR THIS SESSION AND

2202
01:25:10,796 --> 01:25:14,099
I THANK THE PANELISTS AND 

2203
01:25:14,099 --> 01:25:15,667
MEMBERS FOR ASKING THOUGHTFUL

2204
01:25:15,667 --> 01:25:17,102
QUESTIONS, ENGAGING IN

2205
01:25:17,102 --> 01:25:18,003
DISCUSSION.

2206
01:25:18,003 --> 01:25:20,005
LYRIC, BACK OVER TO YOU FOR

2207
01:25:20,005 --> 01:25:22,941
DIRECTIONS ON THE BREAK AND

2208
01:25:22,941 --> 01:25:23,608
RECONVENING.

2209
01:25:23,608 --> 01:25:24,910
THANK YOU.

2210
01:25:24,910 --> 01:25:26,778
>> I SECOND YOUR THANKS TO
THE

2211
01:25:26,778 --> 01:25:28,980
PANELISTS AND THOSE WHO

2212
01:25:28,980 --> 01:25:30,282
PARTICIPATED.

2213
01:25:30,282 --> 01:25:32,784
WE ARE TO GIVE EVERYONE A FULL

2214
01:25:32,784 --> 01:25:36,488
TEN MINUTES, LET'S RECONVENE AT

2215
01:25:36,488 --> 01:25:38,156
1:35 FOR SESSION 2, TURN YOUR

2216
01:25:38,156 --> 01:25:42,260
CAMERAS OFF AND WE'LL REJOIN AT

2217
01:25:42,260 --> 01:25:43,863
1:35 PROMPTLY.

2218
01:25:43,863 --> 01:25:47,633
I'M EXCITED TO INTRODUCE YOU ALL

2219
01:25:47,633 --> 01:25:50,903
TO MS. RACHEL LEVINSON, NATIONAL

2220
01:25:50,903 --> 01:25:52,605
RESEARCH INITIATIVES KNOWLEDGE

2221
01:25:52,605 --> 01:25:53,439
ENTERPRISE, ARIZONA STATE

2222
01:25:53,439 --> 01:25:56,609
UNIVERSITY, AS MODERATOR FOR

2223
01:25:56,609 --> 01:26:00,346
SESSION 2, FOCUSED AROUND DURC

2224
01:26:00,346 --> 01:26:03,816
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION, IN

2225
01:26:03,816 --> 01:26:05,351
RELATION TO OTHER OVERSIGHT

2226
01:26:05,351 --> 01:26:09,288
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING AND 

2227
01:26:09,288 --> 01:26:10,923
EDUCATING STAFF ABOUT RISK AND

2228
01:26:10,923 --> 01:26:13,025
THOUGHTS REGARDING BENEFITS AND

2229
01:26:13,025 --> 01:26:14,226
CHALLENGES TO RESEARCHERS,

2230
01:26:14,226 --> 01:26:15,327
PROJECTS CONSIDERING POLICY

2231
01:26:15,327 --> 01:26:18,364
SCOPE AND POTENTIAL FUTURE

2232
01:26:18,364 --> 01:26:18,631
CHANGES.

2233
01:26:18,631 --> 01:26:20,032
I RECOGNIZE THESE WERE TOGETHER

2234
01:26:20,032 --> 01:26:22,101
AND THAT'S OKAY, WE'LL CAPTURE

2235
01:26:22,101 --> 01:26:26,806
THE KEY POINTS MOVING FORWARD.

2236
01:26:26,806 --> 01:26:28,474
RACHEL, I HAND IT OVER TO YOU.

2237
01:26:28,474 --> 01:26:30,076
>> THANK YOU AND THANKS TO
THE

2238
01:26:30,076 --> 01:26:33,412
STAFF OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE

2239
01:26:33,412 --> 01:26:35,247
POLICY BECAUSE PUTTING THIS

2240
01:26:35,247 --> 01:26:36,949
TOGETHER IS TIMELY AND

2241
01:26:36,949 --> 01:26:37,516
NECESSARY.

2242
01:26:37,516 --> 01:26:38,918
I THINK THE SPEAKERS ON THE

2243
01:26:38,918 --> 01:26:40,619
PREVIOUS PANEL IDENTIFIED A

2244
01:26:40,619 --> 01:26:43,889
NUMBER OF AREAS WHERE THAT

2245
01:26:43,889 --> 01:26:45,324
BECOMES PARENT.

2246
01:26:45,324 --> 01:26:47,393
GETTING YOUR BACKGROUND ON THE

2247
01:26:47,393 --> 01:26:48,861
ATMOSPHERE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD

2248
01:26:48,861 --> 01:26:50,596
DURC RESEARCH BACK IN THE DAYS

2249
01:26:50,596 --> 01:26:53,065
WHEN THIS POLICY OR SET OF

2250
01:26:53,065 --> 01:26:54,633
POLICIES WAS BEING DEVELOPED WAS

2251
01:26:54,633 --> 01:26:55,668
HELPFUL ESPECIALLY NOW AS WE

2252
01:26:55,668 --> 01:26:59,572
LOOK AT IT THROUGH THE LENS OF 

2253
01:26:59,572 --> 01:27:02,074
THE CURRENT PANDEMIC AND SOME

2254
01:27:02,074 --> 01:27:04,076
CHANGES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN

2255
01:27:04,076 --> 01:27:07,012
THE LABORATORY PRACTICES AND

2256
01:27:07,012 --> 01:27:09,749
CAPABILITIES THAT WE WITNESSED,

2257
01:27:09,749 --> 01:27:11,383
I THINK SIGNIFICANT CHANGES, THE

2258
01:27:11,383 --> 01:27:12,251
PRACTICE OF PUBLISHING

2259
01:27:12,251 --> 01:27:17,056
PRE-PRINTS WHICH LEADS US TO

2260
01:27:17,056 --> 01:27:17,723
SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT

2261
01:27:17,723 --> 01:27:19,358
COMMUNICATION AND CYBERSECURITY

2262
01:27:19,358 --> 01:27:27,032
AS WELL AND SOME ISSUES 

2263
01:27:27,032 --> 01:27:27,800
IDENTIFIED BY PREVIOUS SPEAKERS,

2264
01:27:27,800 --> 01:27:30,102
THEY ARE OF I HOPE THEY FOLLOW

2265
01:27:30,102 --> 01:27:32,638
ALONG AND ARE INVITED TO THE

2266
01:27:32,638 --> 01:27:33,272
DISCUSSION PORTION TO

2267
01:27:33,272 --> 01:27:42,381
PARTICIPATE IN THAT AS WELL 

2268
01:27:42,381 --> 01:27:43,482
BECAUSE THEY ENUNCIATED CONCERNS

2269
01:27:43,482 --> 01:27:46,752
AND WE WANT TO SEE WHAT THE

2270
01:27:46,752 --> 01:27:48,821
IMPACT THIS PARTICULAR SET OF

2271
01:27:48,821 --> 01:27:49,922
PANELISTS COULD HAVE IF THAT

2272
01:27:49,922 --> 01:27:50,589
WERE TO CHANGE.

2273
01:27:50,589 --> 01:27:52,925
WE'RE GOING TO LOOK AT POLICIES

2274
01:27:52,925 --> 01:27:55,861
AND IMPLEMENTATION, HOW THEY

2275
01:27:55,861 --> 01:27:57,296
IMPACTED RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS,

2276
01:27:57,296 --> 01:27:58,397
RESEARCHERS, AND BROADER

2277
01:27:58,397 --> 01:28:00,733
RESEARCH COMMUNITY AND WHAT

2278
01:28:00,733 --> 01:28:02,434
WORKS WELL AND COULD BE

2279
01:28:02,434 --> 01:28:02,902
IMPROVED.

2280
01:28:02,902 --> 01:28:05,037
OUR PANEL OF THREE PEEKERS HAVE

2281
01:28:05,037 --> 01:28:07,139
GREAT EXPERTISE AND WILL BE

2282
01:28:07,139 --> 01:28:09,108
REPRESENTING THE VIEWS OF

2283
01:28:09,108 --> 01:28:10,109
INSTITUTIONS, THOSE WITH WHICH

2284
01:28:10,109 --> 01:28:11,677
THEY MAY BE FAMILIAR AS WELL

2285
01:28:11,677 --> 01:28:13,946
THAT WILL BE BRING A LOT TO THIS

2286
01:28:13,946 --> 01:28:14,280
DISCUSSION.

2287
01:28:14,280 --> 01:28:15,247
WE ALSO WANT TO HEAR AS TO

2288
01:28:15,247 --> 01:28:17,116
WHETHER OR NOT THERE ARE

2289
01:28:17,116 --> 01:28:20,519
DIFFERENT MODELS OF 

2290
01:28:20,519 --> 01:28:21,954
IMPLEMENTATION THAT HAVE BEEN

2291
01:28:21,954 --> 01:28:23,289
USEFUL IN THEIR INSTITUTIONS BUT

2292
01:28:23,289 --> 01:28:25,658
COULD HELP IN ACHIEVING GOALS OF

2293
01:28:25,658 --> 01:28:27,626
THE POLICIES, WHEN THE GOALS

2294
01:28:27,626 --> 01:28:29,628
HAVE NOT CHANGED.

2295
01:28:29,628 --> 01:28:31,697
HOW DO INSTITUTIONS GO BEYOND

2296
01:28:31,697 --> 01:28:35,601
CURRENT DURC POLICY REQUIREMENT

2297
01:28:35,601 --> 01:28:36,869
TO ADDRESS OTHER RISKS, ONE AREA

2298
01:28:36,869 --> 01:28:39,638
THERE MIGHT BE TO LOOK AT

2299
01:28:39,638 --> 01:28:42,174
TRAINING THAT THEY USE,

2300
01:28:42,174 --> 01:28:43,475
TRAININGS AND MATERIALS AND

2301
01:28:43,475 --> 01:28:45,211
OTHER RESOURCES PROVIDED BY THE

2302
01:28:45,211 --> 01:28:46,445
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND PERHAPS

2303
01:28:46,445 --> 01:28:48,314
IDENTIFY ONES WHERE THEY FEEL

2304
01:28:48,314 --> 01:28:49,381
MORE COULD BE DONE.

2305
01:28:49,381 --> 01:28:51,250
WE WOULD LIKE THE PANELISTS TO

2306
01:28:51,250 --> 01:28:56,121
LOOK AT WHAT IMPACT THE POLICIES

2307
01:28:56,121 --> 01:29:04,797
HAVE HAD ON PUBLICATION AND

2308
01:29:04,797 --> 01:29:05,965
DISSEMINATION, TAKING ON NEW

2309
01:29:05,965 --> 01:29:06,899
MEANING WHERE THERE'S

2310
01:29:06,899 --> 01:29:08,200
DISCUSSION.

2311
01:29:08,200 --> 01:29:09,935
WE KNOW THERE'S GOING TO BE

2312
01:29:09,935 --> 01:29:12,671
DISCUSSION BEFORE PUBLICATION

2313
01:29:12,671 --> 01:29:13,405
BUT PRE-PRINTS, PRE-PUBLICATION

2314
01:29:13,405 --> 01:29:14,974
DISCUSSION THAT DON'T HAVE

2315
01:29:14,974 --> 01:29:15,941
ADVANTAGE OF PEER REVIEW RAISE

2316
01:29:15,941 --> 01:29:21,547
NEW QUESTIONS THAT I THINK ARE

2317
01:29:21,547 --> 01:29:21,981
WORTH LOOKING AT.

2318
01:29:21,981 --> 01:29:24,817
I'D LIKE TO INTRODUCE THE THREE

2319
01:29:24,817 --> 01:29:26,018
SPEAKERS AND GO FOR TEN MINUTES

2320
01:29:26,018 --> 01:29:27,887
EACH AND IF I CAN ASK YOU TO

2321
01:29:27,887 --> 01:29:30,889
KEEP YOUR CAMERAS ON FOR THE

2322
01:29:30,889 --> 01:29:32,691
ENTIRE SESSION THAT WOULD BE

2323
01:29:32,691 --> 01:29:37,029
HELPFUL FOR DISCUSSION.

2324
01:29:37,029 --> 01:29:38,264
KALPANA WORKS AT EMORY

2325
01:29:38,264 --> 01:29:39,932
UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA, DIRECTOR

2326
01:29:39,932 --> 01:29:41,333
OF RESEARCH SAFETY FOR

2327
01:29:41,333 --> 01:29:45,070
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

2328
01:29:45,070 --> 01:29:46,372
OFFICE, AND INSTITUTIONAL

2329
01:29:46,372 --> 01:29:48,007
BIOSAFETY OFFICER.

2330
01:29:48,007 --> 01:29:50,075
SHE'S RESPONSIBLE FOR

2331
01:29:50,075 --> 01:29:51,176
DEVELOPING, IMPLEMENTING

2332
01:29:51,176 --> 01:29:52,711
MAINTAINING LABORATORY SAFETY

2333
01:29:52,711 --> 01:29:53,946
PROGRAMS, TO CONTROL

2334
01:29:53,946 --> 01:29:56,348
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES AND

2335
01:29:56,348 --> 01:29:59,685
OVERSEE IMPLEMENTATION AND

2336
01:29:59,685 --> 01:30:01,453
COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL AND

2337
01:30:01,453 --> 01:30:03,155
STATE LAWS, AND PROVIDES

2338
01:30:03,155 --> 01:30:05,124
BIOSAFETY SUPPORT FOR THE

2339
01:30:05,124 --> 01:30:06,525
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE UNIT AT

2340
01:30:06,525 --> 01:30:09,828
EMORY AND PRIOR TO EMORY WAS

2341
01:30:09,828 --> 01:30:11,130
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE AT THE

2342
01:30:11,130 --> 01:30:12,064
VACCINE CENTER AND VISITING

2343
01:30:12,064 --> 01:30:13,866
ASSOCIATE AT THE NATIONAL EYE

2344
01:30:13,866 --> 01:30:14,833
INSTITUTE AT NIH.

2345
01:30:14,833 --> 01:30:16,936
SHE HOLDS A Ph.D. IN

2346
01:30:16,936 --> 01:30:22,441
IMMUNOLOGY AND RECEIVED MASTER 

2347
01:30:22,441 --> 01:30:25,778
OF PUBLIC HEALTH FROM EMORY,

2348
01:30:25,778 --> 01:30:28,314
SERVES ON COMMITTEES FOR ABSENT

2349
01:30:28,314 --> 01:30:29,281
INTERNATIONAL, HELPFUL AS A

2350
01:30:29,281 --> 01:30:35,421
PERSPECTIVE TO BRING TO THIS

2351
01:30:35,421 --> 01:30:40,259
DISCUSSION, AND IS A TECHNICAL

2352
01:30:40,259 --> 01:30:41,360
WRITER.

2353
01:30:41,360 --> 01:30:46,865
JOE KANABROCKI IS PROFESSOR OF

2354
01:30:46,865 --> 01:30:48,367
MICROBIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF

2355
01:30:48,367 --> 01:30:52,538
CHICAGO, A VOTING MEMBER OF THE

2356
01:30:52,538 --> 01:30:53,672
INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

2357
01:30:53,672 --> 01:30:57,343
COMMITTEE, VICE CARE OF SELECT

2358
01:30:57,343 --> 01:30:58,644
AGENT INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

2359
01:30:58,644 --> 01:30:59,978
COMMITTEE, RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL

2360
01:30:59,978 --> 01:31:04,016
FOR U.C. SELECT AGENT PROGRAM,

2361
01:31:04,016 --> 01:31:06,852
FORMER VOTING MEMBER OF THE NIH

2362
01:31:06,852 --> 01:31:08,387
RECOMBINANT DNA ADVISORY

2363
01:31:08,387 --> 01:31:09,588
COMMITTEE AND NSABB WHERE HE

2364
01:31:09,588 --> 01:31:12,992
SERVED ON THE DURC WORKING GROUP

2365
01:31:12,992 --> 01:31:14,727
AND CO-CHAIR OF NSABB GAIN OF

2366
01:31:14,727 --> 01:31:16,061
FUNCTION WORKING GROUP.

2367
01:31:16,061 --> 01:31:17,930
HE'S A FORMER CO-CHAIR OF THE

2368
01:31:17,930 --> 01:31:18,797
EXTERNAL LABORATORY SAFETY

2369
01:31:18,797 --> 01:31:20,632
WORKING GROUP OF THE ADVISORY

2370
01:31:20,632 --> 01:31:29,108
COMMITTEE TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE

2371
01:31:29,108 --> 01:31:29,441
CDC.

2372
01:31:29,441 --> 01:31:33,078
CURRENT VOTING MEMBER OF THE

2373
01:31:33,078 --> 01:31:36,982
WORKING GROUP.

2374
01:31:36,982 --> 01:31:39,518
DR. SIMON ANTHONY, UNIVERSITY OF

2375
01:31:39,518 --> 01:31:42,354
CALIFORNIA DAVIS, DEPARTMENT OF

2376
01:31:42,354 --> 01:31:44,423
PATHOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND

2377
01:31:44,423 --> 01:31:46,525
IMMUNOLOGY, RESEARCH ON ZOONOTIC

2378
01:31:46,525 --> 01:31:48,494
VIRUSES IN WILDLIFE, PRIMARILY

2379
01:31:48,494 --> 01:31:48,894
BATS.

2380
01:31:48,894 --> 01:31:56,135
THIS INCLUDES VIRAL DISCOVERY TO

2381
01:31:56,135 --> 01:31:58,003
BETTER UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS BY

2382
01:31:58,003 --> 01:32:00,506
WHICH VIRUSES ACQUIRE OR LOSE

2383
01:32:00,506 --> 01:32:01,807
ABILITY TO INFECT HUMAN CELLS.

2384
01:32:01,807 --> 01:32:03,776
THE MISSION OF HIS WORK IS TO

2385
01:32:03,776 --> 01:32:06,745
IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE

2386
01:32:06,745 --> 01:32:08,180
GENETIC AND ECOLOGICAL

2387
01:32:08,180 --> 01:32:09,481
DETERMINANTS, SPILLOVER AND

2388
01:32:09,481 --> 01:32:10,783
DISEASE EMERGENCE, LONG-TERM

2389
01:32:10,783 --> 01:32:12,317
GOAL IS TO BUILD BETTER

2390
01:32:12,317 --> 01:32:14,686
INTELLIGENCE TO BE USED FOR

2391
01:32:14,686 --> 01:32:15,387
PANDEMIC PREVENTION.

2392
01:32:15,387 --> 01:32:19,792
DR. ANTHONY DID HIS DOCTORATES

2393
01:32:19,792 --> 01:32:23,829
AT OXFORD, FOLLOWED BY POSTDOC

2394
01:32:23,829 --> 01:32:32,171
POSITIONS AT SAN DIEGO ZOO AND 

2395
01:32:32,171 --> 01:32:35,607
COLUMBIA IN NEW YORK.

2396
01:32:35,607 --> 01:32:38,377
I THANK YOU ALL FOR AGREEING TO

2397
01:32:38,377 --> 01:32:39,711
SHARE PERSPECTIVES AND

2398
01:32:39,711 --> 01:32:41,113
EXPERIENCE IN INSTITUTIONS YOU

2399
01:32:41,113 --> 01:32:51,657
REPRESENT, AND I LOOK FORWARD TO

2400
01:32:58,797 --> 01:33:02,367
YOUR COMMENTS. 

2401
01:33:02,367 --> 01:33:03,268
THANK YOU.

2402
01:33:03,268 --> 01:33:06,104
WOULD YOU PLEASE GO AHEAD,

2403
01:33:06,104 --> 01:33:06,805
KALPANA?

2404
01:33:06,805 --> 01:33:14,313
PLEASE LEAVE YOUR CAMERAS ON.

2405
01:33:14,313 --> 01:33:19,651
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME? 

2406
01:33:19,651 --> 01:33:20,986
THANK YOU, RACHEL, FOR THE

2407
01:33:20,986 --> 01:33:24,256
INTRODUCTION AND THANK YOU TO

2408
01:33:24,256 --> 01:33:26,225
THE ORGANIZERS FOR GIVING ME AN

2409
01:33:26,225 --> 01:33:28,260
OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE OUR

2410
01:33:28,260 --> 01:33:30,162
EXPERIENCE AT EMORY UNIVERSITY.

2411
01:33:30,162 --> 01:33:34,333
SO, BEFORE I EVEN START I WOULD

2412
01:33:34,333 --> 01:33:38,704
LIKE THE AUDIENCE TO KNOW  EMORY

2413
01:33:38,704 --> 01:33:40,339
UNIVERSITY DOES NOT WORK WITH

2414
01:33:40,339 --> 01:33:41,740
SELECT AGENTS HERE, NOT THE

2415
01:33:41,740 --> 01:33:42,508
SELECT AGENT SITE.

2416
01:33:42,508 --> 01:33:44,743
HOW DID WE GET INTO THIS WHOLE

2417
01:33:44,743 --> 01:33:47,646
THING WHEN WE DON'T HAVE THOSE

2418
01:33:47,646 --> 01:33:48,780
AGENTS, THE 15 AGENTS LISTED

2419
01:33:48,780 --> 01:33:53,452
THERE OR ANY OF THE SEVEN

2420
01:33:53,452 --> 01:33:54,253
EXPERIMENTS?

2421
01:33:54,253 --> 01:34:01,693
WE AT EMORY UNIVERSITY GOT AN 

2422
01:34:01,693 --> 01:34:04,997
NIH CONTRACT, SEVEN-YEAR 

2423
01:34:04,997 --> 01:34:06,632
CONTRACT, INVOLVES WORK

2424
01:34:06,632 --> 01:34:07,900
BASICALLY THE LOW PATHOGENIC

2425
01:34:07,900 --> 01:34:11,336
AVIAN INFLUENCE OF WHAT WE'LL BE

2426
01:34:11,336 --> 01:34:11,870
USING.

2427
01:34:11,870 --> 01:34:14,406
IN THE CONTRACT, WE WERE TOLD A

2428
01:34:14,406 --> 01:34:18,844
FEW MONTHS AGO THAT WE HAVE TO

2429
01:34:18,844 --> 01:34:22,614
CONSIDER SARS-COV-2, AND THE 

2430
01:34:22,614 --> 01:34:26,218
HUMAN TRANSMISSIBLE LOW 

2431
01:34:26,218 --> 01:34:28,187
PATHOGENIC INFLUENCE OF TLBAI,

2432
01:34:28,187 --> 01:34:30,222
DUAL USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN

2433
01:34:30,222 --> 01:34:30,722
AGENTS.

2434
01:34:30,722 --> 01:34:33,659
TYPICALLY WHAT THEY ARE USING

2435
01:34:33,659 --> 01:34:37,162
FOR RESEARCH IS NOT UNDER ANY OF

2436
01:34:37,162 --> 01:34:39,631
THOSE 15 LISTED AGENTS BUT ASKED

2437
01:34:39,631 --> 01:34:40,999
TO CONSIDER SARS-COV-2 WHICH

2438
01:34:40,999 --> 01:34:45,070
WE'RE USING IN SOME OF THESE

2439
01:34:45,070 --> 01:34:48,707
EXPERIMENTS AS IF IT WAS DURC

2440
01:34:48,707 --> 01:34:49,141
AGENT.

2441
01:34:49,141 --> 01:34:51,843
AND THEREFORE WE ARE OBLIGATED

2442
01:34:51,843 --> 01:34:54,112
TO COMPLY WITH ALL ASPECT OF

2443
01:34:54,112 --> 01:34:57,115
POLICY FOR THESE PATHOGENS.

2444
01:34:57,115 --> 01:35:00,619
SO, THE RESEARCH THAT IS GOING

2445
01:35:00,619 --> 01:35:05,624
ON CAMPUS, PARTICULARLY WITH

2446
01:35:05,624 --> 01:35:06,458
REFERENCE IN THIS PARTICULAR

2447
01:35:06,458 --> 01:35:10,395
GRANT WHERE WE'RE WORKING WITH

2448
01:35:10,395 --> 01:35:11,597
THE CONSORTIUM THERE'S NO WORK

2449
01:35:11,597 --> 01:35:14,099
CAN SARS-COV-2 BUT YES WE DO

2450
01:35:14,099 --> 01:35:16,735
WORK WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS, AND

2451
01:35:16,735 --> 01:35:19,237
THEN THE INVESTIGATOR IS TRYING

2452
01:35:19,237 --> 01:35:23,075
TO WORK WITH ONE OF THE LOW

2453
01:35:23,075 --> 01:35:27,279
PATHOGENIC AVIAN VIRUS, WITH

2454
01:35:27,279 --> 01:35:32,451
CO-INFECTION WITH ANOTHER H1N1

2455
01:35:32,451 --> 01:35:32,651
VIRUS.

2456
01:35:32,651 --> 01:35:34,553
SO THEREFORE THERE IS POTENTIAL

2457
01:35:34,553 --> 01:35:39,057
RISK OF INFECTION FOR LABORATORY

2458
01:35:39,057 --> 01:35:40,459
PERSONNEL AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS

2459
01:35:40,459 --> 01:35:42,394
FOR ONWARD TRANSMISSION OF

2460
01:35:42,394 --> 01:35:43,128
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTION IN

2461
01:35:43,128 --> 01:35:43,629
THE COMMUNITY.

2462
01:35:43,629 --> 01:35:46,898
HERE WHAT WE DO IS CO-INFECTION

2463
01:35:46,898 --> 01:35:51,403
OF A LOW PATHOGENIC AVIAN

2464
01:35:51,403 --> 01:35:53,238
INFLUENZA VIRUS WITH HUMAN

2465
01:35:53,238 --> 01:35:55,440
VIRUS, THIS IS THE POTENTIAL

2466
01:35:55,440 --> 01:35:56,475
RISK CO-INFECTION EXPERIMENTS

2467
01:35:56,475 --> 01:35:57,409
BEING DONE.

2468
01:35:57,409 --> 01:36:02,014
THERE ARE WE HAVE TO DEVELOP,

2469
01:36:02,014 --> 01:36:07,319
THE REQUEST WAS TO REQUEST DURC

2470
01:36:07,319 --> 01:36:09,221
AGENT, WE HAD TO GO THROUGH ALL

2471
01:36:09,221 --> 01:36:10,656
THE EVALUATIONS, MADE THE

2472
01:36:10,656 --> 01:36:12,290
INVESTIGATOR COME AND PRESENT

2473
01:36:12,290 --> 01:36:14,593
THE WORK AT OUR INSTITUTION

2474
01:36:14,593 --> 01:36:15,661
BIOSAFETY COMMITTEE, THE

2475
01:36:15,661 --> 01:36:18,630
COMMITTEE WAS ESTABLISHED, WE

2476
01:36:18,630 --> 01:36:23,568
HAD TO DO A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF

2477
01:36:23,568 --> 01:36:24,536
RISK MITIGATION STRATEGY,

2478
01:36:24,536 --> 01:36:25,637
EVALUATION, ET CETERA.

2479
01:36:25,637 --> 01:36:27,506
THE QUESTION BASED ON WHAT WE'RE

2480
01:36:27,506 --> 01:36:35,480
TALKING HERE IS HOW HAS THAT

2481
01:36:35,480 --> 01:36:37,349
IMPACTED THE BROADER RESEARCH

2482
01:36:37,349 --> 01:36:37,949
COMMUNITY?

2483
01:36:37,949 --> 01:36:41,720
WE  FEEL THE DURC POLICIES GIVE

2484
01:36:41,720 --> 01:36:45,324
A USEFUL FRAME WORE FOR RESEARCH

2485
01:36:45,324 --> 01:36:48,493
INSTITUTIONS AND RESEARCHERS TO

2486
01:36:48,493 --> 01:36:49,027
WORK.

2487
01:36:49,027 --> 01:36:51,763
THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE VERY CLEAR,

2488
01:36:51,763 --> 01:36:52,464
THERE'S NO AMBIGUITY, AND

2489
01:36:52,464 --> 01:36:56,268
THEREFORE THAT IS ONE OF THE 

2490
01:36:56,268 --> 01:36:57,803
BIGGEST TRENDS OF THE DURC

2491
01:36:57,803 --> 01:36:59,338
INSTRUCTION AND GUIDANCE FROM

2492
01:36:59,338 --> 01:37:01,106
NIH ON HOW INSTITUTIONS SHOULD

2493
01:37:01,106 --> 01:37:03,408
WORK WITH RESEARCHERS TO

2494
01:37:03,408 --> 01:37:05,043
UNDERTAKE RISK ASSESSMENT IS

2495
01:37:05,043 --> 01:37:05,711
EXTREMELY HELPFUL.

2496
01:37:05,711 --> 01:37:08,980
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT IS VERY

2497
01:37:08,980 --> 01:37:09,214
HELPFUL.

2498
01:37:09,214 --> 01:37:13,251
APART FROM GUIDANCE ON DURC, AS

2499
01:37:13,251 --> 01:37:14,786
WELL AS NIH GUIDANCE,

2500
01:37:14,786 --> 01:37:16,855
RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN CLEARLY

2501
01:37:16,855 --> 01:37:19,491
TOLD US INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL

2502
01:37:19,491 --> 01:37:20,125
INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

2503
01:37:20,125 --> 01:37:23,228
COMMITTEE IS A BIG STRENGTH FOR

2504
01:37:23,228 --> 01:37:30,635
THEM TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE DOING

2505
01:37:30,635 --> 01:37:33,505
THE RIGHT THING.

2506
01:37:33,505 --> 01:37:35,340
WHAT COULD BE A BETTER SCOPE IS

2507
01:37:35,340 --> 01:37:39,010
COMMUNICATION ABOUT THE TYPE OF

2508
01:37:39,010 --> 01:37:39,745
RESEARCH THAT GOES ON,

2509
01:37:39,745 --> 01:37:50,288
COMMUNICATION THAT HAS TO GO TO

2510
01:37:50,655 --> 01:37:53,992
THE PUBLIC.

2511
01:37:53,992 --> 01:37:54,860
PREVIOUS PANELISTS ALLUDED TO

2512
01:37:54,860 --> 01:37:56,828
PERCEPTION, PARTICULARLY IN THE

2513
01:37:56,828 --> 01:37:59,631
LAST FEW WEEKS WITH OUTBREAK OF

2514
01:37:59,631 --> 01:38:01,099
SARS-COV-2, A LOT OF THINGS

2515
01:38:01,099 --> 01:38:02,634
KNOWN, A LOT OF PERCEPTION AND A

2516
01:38:02,634 --> 01:38:05,804
LOT OF FEAR.

2517
01:38:05,804 --> 01:38:07,973
IN OUR EXPERIENCE, PARTICULARLY

2518
01:38:07,973 --> 01:38:11,276
WORKING WITH THE INFLUENZA

2519
01:38:11,276 --> 01:38:13,678
VIRUSES, IN THE LAST 12 YEARS

2520
01:38:13,678 --> 01:38:16,615
THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL AD HOC

2521
01:38:16,615 --> 01:38:19,484
RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON THE

2522
01:38:19,484 --> 01:38:25,690
INFLUENZA RESEARCH, BASICALLY

2523
01:38:25,690 --> 01:38:27,392
TWO MORATORIA, AND OUR THOUGHT

2524
01:38:27,392 --> 01:38:29,961
PROCESS WAS INSTEAD OF PLACING

2525
01:38:29,961 --> 01:38:32,164
RESTRICTION AND MORATORIUM TO

2526
01:38:32,164 --> 01:38:34,332
STOP WORK IT COULD HAVE BEEN

2527
01:38:34,332 --> 01:38:36,234
BETTER HANDLED WITHIN THE

2528
01:38:36,234 --> 01:38:42,507
WELL-ESTABLISHED DURC FRAMEWORK

2529
01:38:42,507 --> 01:38:43,175
WE HAVE NOW.

2530
01:38:43,175 --> 01:38:47,846
YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER THIS AS

2531
01:38:47,846 --> 01:38:50,715
DUAL USE RESEARCH BUT IN THE

2532
01:38:50,715 --> 01:38:54,219
PAST YEARS, ALL THE THINGS GOING

2533
01:38:54,219 --> 01:38:54,653
ON.

2534
01:38:54,653 --> 01:38:56,288
SUCH AN APPROACH WOULD

2535
01:38:56,288 --> 01:38:58,924
APPROPRIATE RESPONSE TO PUBLIC

2536
01:38:58,924 --> 01:39:00,659
CONCERNS, MAINLY BECAUSE THE

2537
01:39:00,659 --> 01:39:04,062
PUBLIC NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND THE

2538
01:39:04,062 --> 01:39:08,867
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIGHLY 

2539
01:39:08,867 --> 01:39:09,768
PATHOGENIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES AND

2540
01:39:09,768 --> 01:39:11,069
NOT -- TALKING ABOUT, YOU KNOW,

2541
01:39:11,069 --> 01:39:14,673
NOT THE BENIGN BUT NOT HIGHLY

2542
01:39:14,673 --> 01:39:15,340
PATHOGENIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES,

2543
01:39:15,340 --> 01:39:19,544
AND THEREFORE HOW THE RESEARCH

2544
01:39:19,544 --> 01:39:20,145
ACTIVITIES ARE BEING HANDLED

2545
01:39:20,145 --> 01:39:21,546
THAT IT COULD NOT BE A PUBLIC

2546
01:39:21,546 --> 01:39:22,781
THREAT TO THEM.

2547
01:39:22,781 --> 01:39:24,115
WE NEED TO COMMUNICATE TO THE

2548
01:39:24,115 --> 01:39:26,084
PUBLIC IN A BETTER WAY RIGHT

2549
01:39:26,084 --> 01:39:27,586
THERE.

2550
01:39:27,586 --> 01:39:29,120
ALSO, THERE SEEMS TO BE A VIEW

2551
01:39:29,120 --> 01:39:33,525
AMONG THE PUBLIC AS WELL AS

2552
01:39:33,525 --> 01:39:37,162
POLITICIANS THAT RESEARCHERS DO

2553
01:39:37,162 --> 01:39:38,129
EXPERIMENTS IN SECRET.

2554
01:39:38,129 --> 01:39:39,898
EVERYBODY ON THIS PANEL AND

2555
01:39:39,898 --> 01:39:41,967
EVERY ATTENDEE HERE WILL

2556
01:39:41,967 --> 01:39:44,703
DEFINITELY CONCUR WITH MY

2557
01:39:44,703 --> 01:39:46,438
THOUGHT, THERE'S MORE PERCEPTION

2558
01:39:46,438 --> 01:39:47,739
OF GAIN, THINKING MORE RESEARCH

2559
01:39:47,739 --> 01:39:49,207
THAT'S VERY DANGEROUS AND IT'S

2560
01:39:49,207 --> 01:39:52,177
BEING DONE IN SECRET, THAT'S

2561
01:39:52,177 --> 01:39:57,716
WHAT THE PERCEPTION IS.

2562
01:39:57,716 --> 01:40:00,118
IN FACT OFFER TRANSPARENT AND

2563
01:40:00,118 --> 01:40:01,653
WELL THOUGHT OF FRAMEWORK FOR

2564
01:40:01,653 --> 01:40:03,188
REGULATING THAT TYPE OF RESEARCH

2565
01:40:03,188 --> 01:40:13,865
ON PATHOGENS THAT WE USE RIGHT

2566
01:40:13,865 --> 01:40:13,999
HERE.

2567
01:40:13,999 --> 01:40:15,867
THE OTHER THING, THE QUESTION

2568
01:40:15,867 --> 01:40:18,870
WAS WHAT IMPACTS POLICIES HAD ON

2569
01:40:18,870 --> 01:40:19,304
PUBLICATION, PUBLIC

2570
01:40:19,304 --> 01:40:22,874
COMMUNICATION, ET CETERA.

2571
01:40:22,874 --> 01:40:23,541
AGAIN, DURC USUALLY SHAPES

2572
01:40:23,541 --> 01:40:25,577
RESEARCH PLANS RATHER THAN

2573
01:40:25,577 --> 01:40:27,012
COMMUNICATION OF RESEARCH AFTER

2574
01:40:27,012 --> 01:40:29,314
IT HAS BEEN PERFORMED, SO MOST

2575
01:40:29,314 --> 01:40:31,082
RESEARCHERS ARE UNLIKELY TO

2576
01:40:31,082 --> 01:40:35,220
UNDERTAKE LINE OF INVESTIGATION

2577
01:40:35,220 --> 01:40:36,421
THAT FALLS UNDER DURC,

2578
01:40:36,421 --> 01:40:38,089
PARTICULARLY THAT ENTAILS ONE OF

2579
01:40:38,089 --> 01:40:39,724
THE SEVEN SELECT EXPERIMENTS ON

2580
01:40:39,724 --> 01:40:50,168
ONE OF THE LISTED AGENTS.

2581
01:40:54,172 --> 01:40:56,174
TALKING ABOUT TRAINING, WE HAVE

2582
01:40:56,174 --> 01:40:57,008
THE INVESTIGATOR, PRINCIPAL

2583
01:40:57,008 --> 01:40:59,778
INVESTIGATOR, AND THEN WE HAVE A

2584
01:40:59,778 --> 01:41:00,779
HANDFUL OF HANDS-ON RESEARCHERS

2585
01:41:00,779 --> 01:41:04,249
IN THE LABORATORY WHO WORK WITH

2586
01:41:04,249 --> 01:41:06,384
THEM, I HAVE TO DO A COMPLETE

2587
01:41:06,384 --> 01:41:08,086
TRAINING, NOT JUST ON THE AGENT

2588
01:41:08,086 --> 01:41:10,155
ALONE, BUT I HAVE TO DO A

2589
01:41:10,155 --> 01:41:14,559
TRAINING ON DUAL USE RESEARCH OF

2590
01:41:14,559 --> 01:41:18,430
CONCERN, AS I INDICATED EARLIER

2591
01:41:18,430 --> 01:41:23,301
THE AGENT IS TRULY NOT DURC

2592
01:41:23,301 --> 01:41:23,568
AGENT.

2593
01:41:23,568 --> 01:41:25,036
HOWEVER, TRYING TO CONVINCE THEM

2594
01:41:25,036 --> 01:41:27,138
TO EXPLAIN TO THEM WHY IT IS

2595
01:41:27,138 --> 01:41:28,873
BEING CONSIDERED, WHY DID THE

2596
01:41:28,873 --> 01:41:31,076
AGENCY SAY WE HAVE TO CONSIDER

2597
01:41:31,076 --> 01:41:32,410
THIS WAY.

2598
01:41:32,410 --> 01:41:34,879
THE MORE IMPORTANT PART IS TO

2599
01:41:34,879 --> 01:41:38,116
CONVINCE THEM THIS IS NOTHING

2600
01:41:38,116 --> 01:41:39,684
WRONG AND SOMEBODY MENTIONED

2601
01:41:39,684 --> 01:41:42,620
ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2602
01:41:42,620 --> 01:41:43,922
PROGRESSING FASTER THAN OUR

2603
01:41:43,922 --> 01:41:46,424
THOUGHTS, THINGS THAT POP OUT OF

2604
01:41:46,424 --> 01:41:47,993
UNPRECEDENTED RESULTS, IT'S NOT

2605
01:41:47,993 --> 01:41:49,527
THAT WE WANT EVERYBODY TO HALT

2606
01:41:49,527 --> 01:41:51,262
EVERYBODY AND DO NO WORK BUT WE

2607
01:41:51,262 --> 01:41:53,331
WANT THEM TO BE AWARE OF WHAT IS

2608
01:41:53,331 --> 01:41:54,966
HAPPENING, REPORT TO US, SO THAT

2609
01:41:54,966 --> 01:41:57,369
WE CAN HANDLE IT SAFELY AND

2610
01:41:57,369 --> 01:42:01,539
REPORT TO NIH AND OTHER

2611
01:42:01,539 --> 01:42:02,173
AGENCIES.

2612
01:42:02,173 --> 01:42:05,143
SO, THAT PART IS CONVINCING

2613
01:42:05,143 --> 01:42:07,145
RESEARCHERS AND CONVINCING THE

2614
01:42:07,145 --> 01:42:08,747
PUBLIC, BOTH ASPECTS, MORE

2615
01:42:08,747 --> 01:42:09,381
IMPORTANT HANDS-ON RESEARCHERS

2616
01:42:09,381 --> 01:42:11,383
TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND THIS IS

2617
01:42:11,383 --> 01:42:12,384
NOT TO HALT RESEARCH, THIS IS

2618
01:42:12,384 --> 01:42:14,619
ONLY TO MAKE SURE YOU CAN WORK

2619
01:42:14,619 --> 01:42:16,955
SAFELY AND IT IS SAFE FOR THEM

2620
01:42:16,955 --> 01:42:21,059
TO WORK WITH AND SAFE FOR THE

2621
01:42:21,059 --> 01:42:22,527
ENVIRONMENT AND SURROUNDING

2622
01:42:22,527 --> 01:42:22,861
COMMUNITY.

2623
01:42:22,861 --> 01:42:25,230
THAT I THINK AS A BIOSAFETY

2624
01:42:25,230 --> 01:42:26,398
OFFICER IS CHALLENGING BECAUSE

2625
01:42:26,398 --> 01:42:31,936
IN THE MIND OF THE RESEARCHERS

2626
01:42:31,936 --> 01:42:33,672
IT'S THE RESULTS COMING OUT, FOR

2627
01:42:33,672 --> 01:42:37,542
THEM TO THINK OUT OF THAT BOX

2628
01:42:37,542 --> 01:42:41,246
WHAT THEY ARE THINKING, WHAT

2629
01:42:41,246 --> 01:42:42,447
THESE MEAN, IS SOMETHING

2630
01:42:42,447 --> 01:42:44,082
DIFFICULT IN THE SPEED AT WHICH

2631
01:42:44,082 --> 01:42:46,918
THEY WANT TO MOVE THEIR POINTS.

2632
01:42:46,918 --> 01:42:51,122
THESE ARE OUR EXPERIENCES AT 

2633
01:42:51,122 --> 01:42:53,291
EMORY UNIVERSITY HERE.

2634
01:42:53,291 --> 01:42:55,060
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
KALPANA.

2635
01:42:55,060 --> 01:42:58,163
I THINK IT WOULD BE HELPFUL ALSO

2636
01:42:58,163 --> 01:42:59,731
FOR THE OTHER SPEAKERS IN THE

2637
01:42:59,731 --> 01:43:00,598
DISCUSSION TO TALK ABOUT THE

2638
01:43:00,598 --> 01:43:04,002
SAME CHALLENGES THAT YOU

2639
01:43:04,002 --> 01:43:04,969
IDENTIFIED BECAUSE THE SYSTEM

2640
01:43:04,969 --> 01:43:06,938
DOES START WITH RESEARCHERS,

2641
01:43:06,938 --> 01:43:09,674
P.I.s AND PEOPLE IN

2642
01:43:09,674 --> 01:43:10,875
LABORATORIES AS THE FIRST LINE

2643
01:43:10,875 --> 01:43:13,845
TO DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT THERE'S

2644
01:43:13,845 --> 01:43:15,346
THE DURC POTENTIAL IN RESEARCH

2645
01:43:15,346 --> 01:43:16,081
SO HELPFUL FOR OTHERS TO BRING

2646
01:43:16,081 --> 01:43:17,115
THAT UP AS WELL.

2647
01:43:17,115 --> 01:43:20,185
JOE, WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO NEXT?

2648
01:43:20,185 --> 01:43:22,120
>> THANK YOU, RACHEL.

2649
01:43:22,120 --> 01:43:24,255
I WANT TO THANK THE NSABB AND

2650
01:43:24,255 --> 01:43:26,091
OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY FOR

2651
01:43:26,091 --> 01:43:28,593
INVITING ME TO PARTICIPATE IN

2652
01:43:28,593 --> 01:43:29,360
THIS IMPORTANT WORKSHOP.

2653
01:43:29,360 --> 01:43:30,728
I WANT TO ADD THAT IT'S REALLY

2654
01:43:30,728 --> 01:43:34,299
GREAT TO SEE SO MANY OF MY I'LL

2655
01:43:34,299 --> 01:43:42,373
SAY LONGTIME COLLEAGUES FROM OSP

2656
01:43:42,373 --> 01:43:44,075
AND NSABB, GOOD TO SEE YOU ALL.

2657
01:43:44,075 --> 01:43:46,478
I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE HOW WE'RE

2658
01:43:46,478 --> 01:43:48,012
MANAGING DURC RESEARCH AT

2659
01:43:48,012 --> 01:43:51,616
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.

2660
01:43:51,616 --> 01:43:56,020
AND SHALL I SHARE MY SCREEN?

2661
01:43:56,020 --> 01:44:00,825
IS THAT HOW IT SHOULD GO HERE?

2662
01:44:00,825 --> 01:44:11,035
ONE SECOND. 

2663
01:44:31,656 --> 01:44:32,257
SORRY ABOUT THIS.

2664
01:44:32,257 --> 01:44:34,692
ALL RIGHT. 

2665
01:44:34,692 --> 01:44:37,228
SORRY ABOUT THAT.

2666
01:44:37,228 --> 01:44:39,197
SO, AGAIN, I JUST WANT TO TELL

2667
01:44:39,197 --> 01:44:42,367
YOU ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF OUR

2668
01:44:42,367 --> 01:44:46,504
IRB AND HOW WE DO PROJECT

2669
01:44:46,504 --> 01:44:46,971
REVIEWS.

2670
01:44:46,971 --> 01:44:48,840
WE BEGIN BY SAYING UNIVERSITY OF

2671
01:44:48,840 --> 01:44:50,675
CHICAGO WE HAVE TWO

2672
01:44:50,675 --> 01:44:51,543
INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY

2673
01:44:51,543 --> 01:44:51,976
COMMITTEES.

2674
01:44:51,976 --> 01:44:53,645
WE HAVE A COMMITTEE THAT

2675
01:44:53,645 --> 01:45:02,487
OVERSEES THE WORK CONDUCTED ON 

2676
01:45:02,487 --> 01:45:09,027
THE HYDE PARK CAMPUS, THE MANY,

2677
01:45:09,027 --> 01:45:17,702
CAMPUS, AND ANOTHER AT THE 

2678
01:45:17,702 --> 01:45:21,539
RICKETTS LAB, AND REVIEWS ANY

2679
01:45:21,539 --> 01:45:24,075
PROJECT CONDUCTED AT THE

2680
01:45:24,075 --> 01:45:28,146
RICKETTS LABORATORY. 

2681
01:45:28,146 --> 01:45:30,615
HYDE PARK OVERSEES RECOMBINANT

2682
01:45:30,615 --> 01:45:33,051
DNA RESEARCH, REQUIRING REVIEW

2683
01:45:33,051 --> 01:45:38,189
BY THE IBC BUT EVEN EXPERIMENTS

2684
01:45:38,189 --> 01:45:41,593
THAT ARE NOTIFICATION TO IBC AND

2685
01:45:41,593 --> 01:45:43,127
EXEMPT EXPERIMENTS.

2686
01:45:43,127 --> 01:45:44,662
WE REVIEW PROJECTS THAT PROVE

2687
01:45:44,662 --> 01:45:46,631
PATHOGENS, HUMAN, PLANT OR

2688
01:45:46,631 --> 01:45:53,137
ANIMAL, AND ALSO REGISTER

2689
01:45:53,137 --> 01:45:54,305
PROJECTS THAT INVOLVE WORKING

2690
01:45:54,305 --> 01:45:56,040
WITH BIOLOGICAL TOXINS.

2691
01:45:56,040 --> 01:45:58,810
WE HAVE AN ONLINE APPLICATION

2692
01:45:58,810 --> 01:46:02,313
SYSTEM THAT WE USE TO REGISTER

2693
01:46:02,313 --> 01:46:09,387
OUR IBC PROTOCOLS AND  REVIEW

2694
01:46:09,387 --> 01:46:10,922
IBC PROTOCOLS, ASKING

2695
01:46:10,922 --> 01:46:11,823
RESEARCHERS DOING ANY

2696
01:46:11,823 --> 01:46:14,559
RECOMBINANT DNA RESEARCH OR ANY

2697
01:46:14,559 --> 01:46:15,760
RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO IBC TO

2698
01:46:15,760 --> 01:46:17,896
ANSWER QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE

2699
01:46:17,896 --> 01:46:20,164
SEVEN EXPERIMENTS OF CONCERN.

2700
01:46:20,164 --> 01:46:22,667
AND WE THEN ASK AN EIGHTH

2701
01:46:22,667 --> 01:46:24,302
QUESTION, IF ANY QUESTIONS TO

2702
01:46:24,302 --> 01:46:26,170
THE FIRST SEVEN EXPERIMENTS OF

2703
01:46:26,170 --> 01:46:28,773
CONCERN WITH ANSWERED YES, THE

2704
01:46:28,773 --> 01:46:30,541
EIGHTH QUESTION APPEARS AND THAT

2705
01:46:30,541 --> 01:46:33,344
ASKS WHETHER OR NOT THAT WORK

2706
01:46:33,344 --> 01:46:36,014
HAS ANY POTENTIAL THREAT TO THE

2707
01:46:36,014 --> 01:46:37,649
PUBLIC HEALTH OR PUBLIC

2708
01:46:37,649 --> 01:46:39,183
SECURITY.

2709
01:46:39,183 --> 01:46:41,286
WHAT HAPPENS IS UPSTREAM OF THE

2710
01:46:41,286 --> 01:46:44,756
IBC REVIEW THE BIOSAFETY TIME

2711
01:46:44,756 --> 01:46:46,090
REVIEWS PROTOCOLS, WHEN WE SEE

2712
01:46:46,090 --> 01:46:47,292
SOMETHING WHERE AN INVESTIGATOR

2713
01:46:47,292 --> 01:46:50,695
HAS INDICATED YES TO ANY OF

2714
01:46:50,695 --> 01:46:53,531
THESE QUESTIONS WE INITIATE A

2715
01:46:53,531 --> 01:46:53,932
DIALOGUE.

2716
01:46:53,932 --> 01:46:58,002
AGAIN, WE MAKE AN EFFORT TO

2717
01:46:58,002 --> 01:46:59,971
EXTEND OUR OVERSIGHT BEYOND THE

2718
01:46:59,971 --> 01:47:02,941
AGENTS LISTED IN THE REGULATION.

2719
01:47:02,941 --> 01:47:06,644
NOW, AGAIN, THESE ARE THE 15

2720
01:47:06,644 --> 01:47:09,480
AGENTS FORMALLY COVERED BY THE

2721
01:47:09,480 --> 01:47:10,915
DURC GOVERNMENT POLICY AND

2722
01:47:10,915 --> 01:47:12,450
INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES, AND I'VE

2723
01:47:12,450 --> 01:47:14,552
HIGHLIGHTED THOSE WITH WHICH

2724
01:47:14,552 --> 01:47:17,388
WE'VE HAD DIRECT EXPERIENCE HERE

2725
01:47:17,388 --> 01:47:23,394
AT U CHICAGO, WE HAVE ONGOING

2726
01:47:23,394 --> 01:47:25,363
TRACES AND PROGRAMS GOING, WE

2727
01:47:25,363 --> 01:47:27,231
MONITOR PROJECTS, BUT WE HAD

2728
01:47:27,231 --> 01:47:28,967
AVIAN INFLUENZA PROJECT AS WELL

2729
01:47:28,967 --> 01:47:30,168
THAT INVESTIGATOR HAS LEFT THE

2730
01:47:30,168 --> 01:47:34,672
UNIVERSITY SO WE NO LONGER ARE

2731
01:47:34,672 --> 01:47:41,012
OVERSEEING THAT WORK. 

2732
01:47:41,012 --> 01:47:42,880
NOW, THE IBCs BASICALLY MEET

2733
01:47:42,880 --> 01:47:45,283
MONTHLY, WHAT WE'VE DONE IS

2734
01:47:45,283 --> 01:47:46,484
CREATED A SUBCOMMITTEE THAT

2735
01:47:46,484 --> 01:47:49,754
INCLUDES MEMBERSHIP OF BOTH OF

2736
01:47:49,754 --> 01:47:50,621
THESE IBCs TO BASICALLY

2737
01:47:50,621 --> 01:47:52,924
OVERSEE THE DURC WORK THAT'S

2738
01:47:52,924 --> 01:47:53,624
HAPPENING.

2739
01:47:53,624 --> 01:47:57,895
WE HAVE THE TWO CHAIRS OF THE

2740
01:47:57,895 --> 01:48:01,699
REGULAR IBC, HYDE PARK AND

2741
01:48:01,699 --> 01:48:03,368
SELECT AGENT IBC, A SENIOR

2742
01:48:03,368 --> 01:48:04,736
FACULTY MEMBER FROM DEPARTMENT

2743
01:48:04,736 --> 01:48:09,574
OF MICROBIOLOGY WHO IS ALSO A

2744
01:48:09,574 --> 01:48:11,009
MEMBER AND A DURC PRINCIPAL

2745
01:48:11,009 --> 01:48:11,442
INVESTIGATOR.

2746
01:48:11,442 --> 01:48:18,716
WE HAVE A JUNIOR FACULTY MEMBER,

2747
01:48:18,716 --> 01:48:24,889
A MEMBER OF OUR IBC,  OFFICE OF

2748
01:48:24,889 --> 01:48:27,692
GENERAL COUNSEL, DIRECTOR OF THE

2749
01:48:27,692 --> 01:48:29,761
OFFICE OF LABORATORY REGULATORY

2750
01:48:29,761 --> 01:48:33,364
COMPLIANCE WHO OVERSEES AND

2751
01:48:33,364 --> 01:48:34,966
MANAGES ADMINISTRATION OF IBC

2752
01:48:34,966 --> 01:48:36,768
AND IACUC AT THE UNIVERSITY.

2753
01:48:36,768 --> 01:48:39,604
I SIT ON THAT TASK FORCE, I'M

2754
01:48:39,604 --> 01:48:40,905
ALSO THE RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL

2755
01:48:40,905 --> 01:48:43,007
FOR OUR SELECT AGENT PROGRAM AND

2756
01:48:43,007 --> 01:48:45,610
THE POINT OF CONTACT FOR DUAL

2757
01:48:45,610 --> 01:48:48,880
USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN PROGRAM.

2758
01:48:48,880 --> 01:48:49,514
SENIOR BIOSAFETY OFFICERS

2759
01:48:49,514 --> 01:49:00,024
PARTICIPATE AS MEMBER OF THE 

2760
01:49:02,660 --> 01:49:11,469
DURC TASK FORCE. 

2761
01:49:11,469 --> 01:49:13,971
IT'S A DIALOGUE WITH THE

2762
01:49:13,971 --> 01:49:15,073
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR, OF

2763
01:49:15,073 --> 01:49:16,374
COURSE THE FUNDING AGENCIES

2764
01:49:16,374 --> 01:49:19,343
THEMSELVES ARE INVOLVED IN THIS

2765
01:49:19,343 --> 01:49:20,511
DIALOGUE.

2766
01:49:20,511 --> 01:49:23,181
WE HAVE MY OFFICE, AS WELL AS

2767
01:49:23,181 --> 01:49:27,251
IBC AND DURC TASK FORCE WHO ARE

2768
01:49:27,251 --> 01:49:28,753
REALLY RUNNING POINT ON

2769
01:49:28,753 --> 01:49:35,092
OVERSIGHT OF THESE PROJECTS AT

2770
01:49:35,092 --> 01:49:36,060
OUR INSTITUTION.

2771
01:49:36,060 --> 01:49:38,596
I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE IMPORTANT

2772
01:49:38,596 --> 01:49:41,933
TO SHARE SOME FRAMEWORK FOR OUR

2773
01:49:41,933 --> 01:49:43,468
RISK MITIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND

2774
01:49:43,468 --> 01:49:46,270
SO THE FIRST STEP IS REVIEW

2775
01:49:46,270 --> 01:49:48,573
RESEARCH, VERIFY IT'S DIRECTLY

2776
01:49:48,573 --> 01:49:49,540
INVOLVING NON-ATTENUATED FORMS

2777
01:49:49,540 --> 01:49:52,443
OR ONE OR MORE OF EXPECT AGENTS,

2778
01:49:52,443 --> 01:49:53,478
LISTED AGENTS.

2779
01:49:53,478 --> 01:49:55,780
STEP 2 TO ASSESS WHETHER THE

2780
01:49:55,780 --> 01:49:56,981
RESEARCH STILL PRODUCES, AIMS TO

2781
01:49:56,981 --> 01:49:59,083
PRODUCE OR CAN BE REASONABLY

2782
01:49:59,083 --> 01:50:02,186
ANTICIPATED TO PRODUCE ONE OF

2783
01:50:02,186 --> 01:50:06,424
THE SEVEN EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS.

2784
01:50:06,424 --> 01:50:08,259
STEP 3 WHETHER RESEARCH MEETS

2785
01:50:08,259 --> 01:50:09,060
DEFINITION OF DURC.

2786
01:50:09,060 --> 01:50:12,363
STEP 4 TO REVIEW AS NECESSARY

2787
01:50:12,363 --> 01:50:14,098
AND REVISE RISK MITIGATION PLAN.

2788
01:50:14,098 --> 01:50:20,238
WE USE AS OUR RESOURCE HERE THE

2789
01:50:20,238 --> 01:50:21,873
SEPTEMBER 2014 PUBLICATION OF

2790
01:50:21,873 --> 01:50:26,878
IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF

2791
01:50:26,878 --> 01:50:37,121
DURC RESEARCH.

2792
01:50:40,258 --> 01:50:41,926
SOME MITIGATION MEASURES TO

2793
01:50:41,926 --> 01:50:43,161
MITIGATE CONCERNS, SOME

2794
01:50:43,161 --> 01:50:44,862
PRACTICES MIGHT BE TAKEN INTO

2795
01:50:44,862 --> 01:50:45,663
CONSIDERATION, ONE TO CHANGE THE

2796
01:50:45,663 --> 01:50:47,498
TIMING MODE OR VENUE OF

2797
01:50:47,498 --> 01:50:49,800
COMMUNICATION FOR THE DURC IN

2798
01:50:49,800 --> 01:50:50,067
QUESTION.

2799
01:50:50,067 --> 01:50:53,638
ANOTHER TO ESTABLISH A MECHANISM

2800
01:50:53,638 --> 01:50:54,605
FOR PRE-PUBLICATION OR

2801
01:50:54,605 --> 01:50:57,575
PRE-COMMUNICATION REVIEW BY THE

2802
01:50:57,575 --> 01:50:58,309
INSTITUTION, AS KALPANA

2803
01:50:58,309 --> 01:51:04,148
INTELLECTUAL  CAL PAN -- AS

2804
01:51:04,148 --> 01:51:05,116
KALPANA POINTED OUT, REDACT

2805
01:51:05,116 --> 01:51:09,287
SPECIFIC INFORMATION IN LIGHT OF

2806
01:51:09,287 --> 01:51:11,589
SECURITY CONCERNS, SOMETHING WE

2807
01:51:11,589 --> 01:51:14,659
ROUTINELY DO WITH ANIMAL

2808
01:51:14,659 --> 01:51:16,294
RESEARCH IN ANY CASE FOR

2809
01:51:16,294 --> 01:51:19,897
CONCERNS OF ANIMAL RIGHTS

2810
01:51:19,897 --> 01:51:20,965
CONCERNS.

2811
01:51:20,965 --> 01:51:21,766
THAT'S SOMETHING WE PLAY PAY

2812
01:51:21,766 --> 01:51:24,602
CLOSE ATTENTION TO.

2813
01:51:24,602 --> 01:51:25,603
VERY IMPORTANT BIWHEN WE

2814
01:51:25,603 --> 01:51:28,339
COMMUNICATE, DO RESEARCH OF

2815
01:51:28,339 --> 01:51:31,075
CONCERN, EMPHASIZE BIOSAFETY AND

2816
01:51:31,075 --> 01:51:32,276
BIOSECURITY MEASURES ESTABLISHED

2817
01:51:32,276 --> 01:51:33,744
AND PUT IN PLACE THROUGHOUT THE

2818
01:51:33,744 --> 01:51:35,880
COURSE OF THE RESEARCH.

2819
01:51:35,880 --> 01:51:37,982
FINALLY WE THINK THAT IT'S

2820
01:51:37,982 --> 01:51:39,850
IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE THE

2821
01:51:39,850 --> 01:51:41,485
PUBLIC HEALTH AND BROADER

2822
01:51:41,485 --> 01:51:43,955
SIGNIFICANCE OF DURC AND EXPLAIN

2823
01:51:43,955 --> 01:51:45,790
WHY THE WORK IS IMPORTANT AND

2824
01:51:45,790 --> 01:51:48,826
HOW IT MAY INFORM THE

2825
01:51:48,826 --> 01:51:49,794
DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTER-MEASURES,

2826
01:51:49,794 --> 01:51:51,228
DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND

2827
01:51:51,228 --> 01:51:55,800
PREPAREDNESS AS WELL AS RESPONSE

2828
01:51:55,800 --> 01:51:56,400
EFFORTS.

2829
01:51:56,400 --> 01:51:58,202
NOW, SOME OF THE THINGS THAT ARE

2830
01:51:58,202 --> 01:52:00,605
COMMON TO ALL OF OUR RISK

2831
01:52:00,605 --> 01:52:02,907
MITIGATION PLANS ARE THE

2832
01:52:02,907 --> 01:52:03,507
FOLLOWING.

2833
01:52:03,507 --> 01:52:05,876
EACH HAS THEIR OWN UNIQUE ASPECT

2834
01:52:05,876 --> 01:52:07,845
OF COURSE BUT THESE ARE THINGS

2835
01:52:07,845 --> 01:52:10,581
COMMON TO ALL RISK MITIGATION

2836
01:52:10,581 --> 01:52:10,881
PLANS.

2837
01:52:10,881 --> 01:52:13,317
FIRST IS THE DESCRIPTION OF THE

2838
01:52:13,317 --> 01:52:14,752
ENHANCED BIOSAFETY AND

2839
01:52:14,752 --> 01:52:16,587
BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN PLACE,

2840
01:52:16,587 --> 01:52:20,224
ALL FORM OF COMMUNICATIONS,

2841
01:52:20,224 --> 01:52:22,393
WHETHER MANUSCRIPT PUBLICATION,

2842
01:52:22,393 --> 01:52:23,227
ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION,

2843
01:52:23,227 --> 01:52:24,462
CONFERENCE, ET CETERA.

2844
01:52:24,462 --> 01:52:26,764
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE REALLY

2845
01:52:26,764 --> 01:52:28,833
WANT TO PUT FRONT AND CENTER.

2846
01:52:28,833 --> 01:52:31,035
WE TRAIN OUR INVESTIGATORS ON

2847
01:52:31,035 --> 01:52:32,336
DURC, WHETHER DOING DURC

2848
01:52:32,336 --> 01:52:33,004
RESEARCH OR NOT.

2849
01:52:33,004 --> 01:52:36,974
THIS IS PART OF OUR STANDARD

2850
01:52:36,974 --> 01:52:38,909
BIOSAFETY TRAINING.

2851
01:52:38,909 --> 01:52:41,646
WE DO ONGOING MONITOR OF DURC

2852
01:52:41,646 --> 01:52:41,912
PROJECTS.

2853
01:52:41,912 --> 01:52:43,414
ANOTHER THING WE'VE DONE FOR

2854
01:52:43,414 --> 01:52:47,251
SELECT AGENT PROGRAM AGAIN WHICH

2855
01:52:47,251 --> 01:52:48,419
INCLUDES DURC WORK IS

2856
01:52:48,419 --> 01:52:52,289
INSTALLMENT OF ETHICAL CODE OF

2857
01:52:52,289 --> 01:52:54,258
CONDUCT FOR THE WORK AND THIS IS

2858
01:52:54,258 --> 01:52:57,962
SOMETHING THAT IS SIGNED

2859
01:52:57,962 --> 01:52:59,930
ANNUALLY BY SELECT AGENT

2860
01:52:59,930 --> 01:53:00,731
INVESTIGATORS, DISCUSSED POINT

2861
01:53:00,731 --> 01:53:03,334
BY POINT WHEN WE DO ANNUAL

2862
01:53:03,334 --> 01:53:05,903
INTERVIEWS WITH SELECT AGENT

2863
01:53:05,903 --> 01:53:06,203
INTERVIEWS.

2864
01:53:06,203 --> 01:53:07,738
LASTLY, ANOTHER ELEMENT COMMON

2865
01:53:07,738 --> 01:53:09,573
TO THESE MITIGATION PLANS IS,

2866
01:53:09,573 --> 01:53:10,808
AGAIN, TO DISCUSS THE PUBLIC

2867
01:53:10,808 --> 01:53:14,111
HEALTH  BENEFITS TO BE DERIVED

2868
01:53:14,111 --> 01:53:16,347
FROM WORK, THAT SHOULD BE

2869
01:53:16,347 --> 01:53:20,117
INCLUDED IN ALL FORMS OF THE 

2870
01:53:20,117 --> 01:53:21,952
COMMUNICATION ABOUT THAT WORK.

2871
01:53:21,952 --> 01:53:24,789
SO NOW THE DURC TASK FORCE

2872
01:53:24,789 --> 01:53:26,891
PROVIDES RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE

2873
01:53:26,891 --> 01:53:27,224
FOLLOWING.

2874
01:53:27,224 --> 01:53:30,194
FIRST, DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF

2875
01:53:30,194 --> 01:53:33,998
INVESTIGATORS RESEARCH WITH DURC

2876
01:53:33,998 --> 01:53:36,233
TO REQUIREMENT FOR ENHANCED

2877
01:53:36,233 --> 01:53:37,301
BIOSAFETY OR BIOSECURITY

2878
01:53:37,301 --> 01:53:40,137
MEASURES FOR THAT WORK.

2879
01:53:40,137 --> 01:53:42,106
THREE, VERY IMPORTANTLY,

2880
01:53:42,106 --> 01:53:46,711
EVALUATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF

2881
01:53:46,711 --> 01:53:47,912
MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES EFFICACY

2882
01:53:47,912 --> 01:53:52,183
FOR THE WORK BEING CONDUCTED.

2883
01:53:52,183 --> 01:53:53,951
AND THEN FOURTH, EDUCATIONAL

2884
01:53:53,951 --> 01:53:56,020
TOOLS ON BIOSECURITY AND DUAL

2885
01:53:56,020 --> 01:53:58,923
USE RESEARCH THAT HAVE BEEN

2886
01:53:58,923 --> 01:53:59,857
DEVELOPED BY THE NSABB.

2887
01:53:59,857 --> 01:54:02,360
SO HOW MUCH OF AN IMPACT HAS

2888
01:54:02,360 --> 01:54:03,828
THIS HAD?

2889
01:54:03,828 --> 01:54:10,801
IT'S NOT BEEN AN OVERLY I WOULD

2890
01:54:10,801 --> 01:54:12,670
SAY INTRUSIVE ACTIVITY,

2891
01:54:12,670 --> 01:54:16,273
BASICALLY WE'VE REVIEWED SEVEN

2892
01:54:16,273 --> 01:54:20,411
GRANT PROPOSALS, MIGHT HAVE FAN

2893
01:54:20,411 --> 01:54:23,080
YOUR SCRIPTS, TEN GRANT

2894
01:54:23,080 --> 01:54:25,049
PROPOSALS AND THREE MANUSCRIPTS,

2895
01:54:25,049 --> 01:54:28,119
AND THEN IN INFLUENZA PROGRAM WE

2896
01:54:28,119 --> 01:54:30,855
HAD SIX GRANT PROPOSALS, WE DID

2897
01:54:30,855 --> 01:54:32,156
REVIEWS FOR, AN INVESTIGATOR

2898
01:54:32,156 --> 01:54:34,125
LEFT OUR INSTITUTION BEFORE

2899
01:54:34,125 --> 01:54:34,558
PUBLISHING.

2900
01:54:34,558 --> 01:54:37,728
SO WE HAD NO MANUSCRIPT REVIEW

2901
01:54:37,728 --> 01:54:38,496
INVOLVED THERE.

2902
01:54:38,496 --> 01:54:40,998
THAT'S REALLY WHERE WE ARE AT,

2903
01:54:40,998 --> 01:54:48,773
HOW WE'RE MANAGING OUR DURC

2904
01:54:48,773 --> 01:54:49,006
PROGRAM.

2905
01:54:49,006 --> 01:54:50,641
I'LL STOP AND THANK YOU FOR

2906
01:54:50,641 --> 01:54:52,743
INVITING ME TO PARTICIPATE IN

2907
01:54:52,743 --> 01:54:53,411
THIS INTERESTING DISCUSSION AND

2908
01:54:53,411 --> 01:54:55,880
LOOK FOR WASHED TO THE REMAINDER

2909
01:54:55,880 --> 01:54:57,581
OF THE PROGRAM.

2910
01:54:57,581 --> 01:54:58,282
THANK YOU.

2911
01:54:58,282 --> 01:55:00,451
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
JOE.

2912
01:55:00,451 --> 01:55:07,224
IF I COULD JUST ASK, YOU TALKED

2913
01:55:07,224 --> 01:55:09,126
ABOUT REDACTION, I WONDERED HOW

2914
01:55:09,126 --> 01:55:11,629
THAT RECOMMENDATION IS MADE, WHO

2915
01:55:11,629 --> 01:55:15,032
MAKES THE RECOMMENDATION AND HOW

2916
01:55:15,032 --> 01:55:19,970
IS IT RECEIVED, IS THAT IS A

2917
01:55:19,970 --> 01:55:22,173
DONE IN CONJUNCTION WITH JOURNAL

2918
01:55:22,173 --> 01:55:22,406
EDITORS?

2919
01:55:22,406 --> 01:55:23,574
>> YES, OBVIOUSLY IT'S
SOMETHING

2920
01:55:23,574 --> 01:55:25,442
WE WORK CLOSELY WITH THE

2921
01:55:25,442 --> 01:55:26,410
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ON.

2922
01:55:26,410 --> 01:55:28,979
AND OF COURSE THE IDEA IS THAT

2923
01:55:28,979 --> 01:55:29,947
WHEN YOU PUBLISH, YOU'RE

2924
01:55:29,947 --> 01:55:31,048
SUPPOSED TO -- THE PERSON IS

2925
01:55:31,048 --> 01:55:34,652
SUPPOSED TO BE ABLE TO REPRODUCE

2926
01:55:34,652 --> 01:55:36,554
THAT WORK BASED ON WHAT'S

2927
01:55:36,554 --> 01:55:36,987
DESCRIBED.

2928
01:55:36,987 --> 01:55:39,890
AND SO THIS IS A DIALOGUE THAT,

2929
01:55:39,890 --> 01:55:42,026
YOU KNOW, TO BE HONEST THERE'S

2930
01:55:42,026 --> 01:55:43,160
NOT A LOT REDACTED.

2931
01:55:43,160 --> 01:55:45,763
I MEAN, IT'S PART OF THE

2932
01:55:45,763 --> 01:55:48,432
CONSIDERATION, BUT THAT'S REALLY

2933
01:55:48,432 --> 01:55:52,403
SOMETHING CASE BY CASE WITH 

2934
01:55:52,403 --> 01:55:53,204
INVESTIGATOR AND JOURNAL

2935
01:55:53,204 --> 01:55:53,470
EDITORS.

2936
01:55:53,470 --> 01:55:55,072
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

2937
01:55:55,072 --> 01:55:58,142
SO WE'LL GO ON TO SIMON AND COME

2938
01:55:58,142 --> 01:55:59,343
BACK FOR BROADER QUESTIONS TO

2939
01:55:59,343 --> 01:56:05,616
THE ENTIRE PANEL.

2940
01:56:05,616 --> 01:56:12,456
THANK YOU. 

2941
01:56:12,456 --> 01:56:13,891
>> I WAS PLEASED YOU
PREFACED

2942
01:56:13,891 --> 01:56:19,029
THE WAY YOU DID.

2943
01:56:19,029 --> 01:56:27,671
I COME FROM A  DIFFERENT 

2944
01:56:27,671 --> 01:56:28,439
PERSPECTIVE, RESEARCHER AT

2945
01:56:28,439 --> 01:56:30,608
UC-DAVIS, ENGAGING WITH POLICY

2946
01:56:30,608 --> 01:56:32,943
AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.

2947
01:56:32,943 --> 01:56:42,286
FUNDAMENTALLY IT STARTS WITH ME,

2948
01:56:42,286 --> 01:56:48,225
 FORMULATING AND DEVISING GRANTS

2949
01:56:48,225 --> 01:56:50,661
AND COMPLIANCE REVIEWS IS A, AND

2950
01:56:50,661 --> 01:56:53,497
ENGAGE IN OTHER TYPES OF REVIEWS

2951
01:56:53,497 --> 01:56:56,467
COMMITTEES, EVEN NIH STUDY

2952
01:56:56,467 --> 01:57:00,070
SECTIONS WHERE SELECT AGENTS ARE

2953
01:57:00,070 --> 01:57:02,473
REVIEWED AND DISCUSSED AND GAIN

2954
01:57:02,473 --> 01:57:12,883
OF FUNCTION RESEARCH IS

2955
01:57:16,654 --> 01:57:18,122
INCREASINGLY BEING HIGHLIGHTED.

2956
01:57:18,122 --> 01:57:19,590
I DON'T PERFORM RESEARCH WITH

2957
01:57:19,590 --> 01:57:22,059
THE SCOPE OF DURC BUT THE POLICY

2958
01:57:22,059 --> 01:57:23,160
IS RELEVANT.

2959
01:57:23,160 --> 01:57:26,664
WE FOCUS ON VIRAL DISCOVERY AND

2960
01:57:26,664 --> 01:57:27,298
CHARACTERIZATION SO WE'RE

2961
01:57:27,298 --> 01:57:31,669
LOOKING FOR AND TRYING TO

2962
01:57:31,669 --> 01:57:34,004
CHARACTERIZE UNKNOWN VIRUSES.

2963
01:57:34,004 --> 01:57:35,539
AND OFTEN IN BATS AND MANY

2964
01:57:35,539 --> 01:57:37,274
SELECT AGENTS ON THE LIST

2965
01:57:37,274 --> 01:57:40,177
CURRENTLY ARE VIRUSES THAT HAVE

2966
01:57:40,177 --> 01:57:42,546
COME FROM BATS.

2967
01:57:42,546 --> 01:57:45,449
WE THINK ABOUT THE SCOPE A FAIR

2968
01:57:45,449 --> 01:57:48,118
AMOUNT BECAUSE OF CHANGES TO THE

2969
01:57:48,118 --> 01:57:49,753
AGENTS OR EXPERIMENTAL

2970
01:57:49,753 --> 01:57:51,188
CONDITIONS CAN SUDDENLY CHANGE

2971
01:57:51,188 --> 01:57:55,125
OUR OWN WORK FROM BEING NOT

2972
01:57:55,125 --> 01:57:57,294
UNDER THE SCOPE OF DURC TO

2973
01:57:57,294 --> 01:57:59,830
SUDDENLY BEING UNDER THE SCOPE.

2974
01:57:59,830 --> 01:58:01,899
AND BECAUSE WE'RE WORKING WITH

2975
01:58:01,899 --> 01:58:04,668
VIRUSES THAT HAVE UNDEFINED

2976
01:58:04,668 --> 01:58:06,170
RISKS, VIRUSES, THIS IS KIND OF

2977
01:58:06,170 --> 01:58:07,371
IMPORTANT, VIRUSES FOR WHICH THE

2978
01:58:07,371 --> 01:58:09,206
ANSWERS TO MANY OF THESE

2979
01:58:09,206 --> 01:58:10,708
QUESTIONS, MANY OF THESE DURC

2980
01:58:10,708 --> 01:58:13,277
QUESTIONS ARE LIKELY TO ACTUALLY

2981
01:58:13,277 --> 01:58:23,821
BE "I DON'T KNOW" RATHER THAN "

2982
01:58:25,289 --> 01:58:26,423
YES" OR "NO," PERHAPS AN

2983
01:58:26,423 --> 01:58:29,860
EXPANSION OF SCOPE SHOULD AT

2984
01:58:29,860 --> 01:58:34,298
LEAST CONSIDER THIS INCREASING

2985
01:58:34,298 --> 01:58:35,833
EFFORT TO CHARACTERIZE VIRUSES,

2986
01:58:35,833 --> 01:58:38,135
WILDLIFE, BECAUSE WE FIND NOVEL

2987
01:58:38,135 --> 01:58:42,172
VIRUSES THAT FALL INTO THESE

2988
01:58:42,172 --> 01:58:43,140
TAXONOMIC GRAY ZONES.

2989
01:58:43,140 --> 01:58:46,543
IF YOU FIND EBOLA VIRUS, YOU'LL

2990
01:58:46,543 --> 01:58:47,678
SURVEY CLOSE VARIANTS OF THE

2991
01:58:47,678 --> 01:58:51,448
EBOLA VIRUS, WHEN IS IT SUDDENLY

2992
01:58:51,448 --> 01:58:53,083
NO LONGER EBOLA VIRUS, HOW

2993
01:58:53,083 --> 01:58:53,951
DIFFERENT DOES THE NEW VIRUS

2994
01:58:53,951 --> 01:58:57,287
HAVE TO BE BEFORE IT SUDDENLY IS

2995
01:58:57,287 --> 01:59:02,826
NOT EBOLA AND THEREFORE NOT 

2996
01:59:02,826 --> 01:59:04,528
UNDER THE DURC POLICY.

2997
01:59:04,528 --> 01:59:05,663
THERE'S BEEN GOOD DISCUSSION

2998
01:59:05,663 --> 01:59:07,965
ABOUT THE SCOPE AND

2999
01:59:07,965 --> 01:59:09,733
IMPLEMENTATION OF DURC, I THINK

3000
01:59:09,733 --> 01:59:12,503
THIS IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AND

3001
01:59:12,503 --> 01:59:14,204
AGREE ON ONE HAND THERE'S

3002
01:59:14,204 --> 01:59:16,774
CLEARLY ROOM TO EXPAND LIST OF

3003
01:59:16,774 --> 01:59:17,241
AGENTS AND EXPERIMENT

3004
01:59:17,241 --> 01:59:19,710
CONDITIONS, BUT ON THE OTHER IT

3005
01:59:19,710 --> 01:59:20,377
CREATES INCREASED REGULATORY

3006
01:59:20,377 --> 01:59:22,680
BURDEN AND I DO WORRY ABOUT

3007
01:59:22,680 --> 01:59:26,917
CHALLENGES THAT IT POSES FOR

3008
01:59:26,917 --> 01:59:27,418
FUNDING AND PUBLISHING.

3009
01:59:27,418 --> 01:59:29,019
I THINK IN PRACTICE ACTUALLY THE

3010
01:59:29,019 --> 01:59:31,755
SCOPE IS ALREADY EXPANDING AND

3011
01:59:31,755 --> 01:59:36,060
WE HEARD ABOUT THAT FROM THE

3012
01:59:36,060 --> 01:59:37,895
SARS 2 WORK.

3013
01:59:37,895 --> 01:59:39,163
AND EVEN BEYOND THAT, THERE'S SO

3014
01:59:39,163 --> 01:59:43,467
MUCH FOCUS ON GAIN OF FUNCTION

3015
01:59:43,467 --> 01:59:44,701
EXPERIMENTS IN GENERAL, EVEN FOR

3016
01:59:44,701 --> 01:59:47,871
AGENTS THAT ARE NOT ON THIS LIST

3017
01:59:47,871 --> 01:59:48,639
AT ALL.

3018
01:59:48,639 --> 01:59:53,077
IN SOME WAYS I THINK THAT'S GOOD

3019
01:59:53,077 --> 01:59:54,545
BECAUSE IT REALLY HIGHLIGHTS THE

3020
01:59:54,545 --> 01:59:55,879
VIEW OR FLEXIBILITY BUILT INTO

3021
01:59:55,879 --> 01:59:58,182
THE POLICY THAT IT CAN BE

3022
01:59:58,182 --> 02:00:01,351
EXPANDED AND USED BEYOND JUST

3023
02:00:01,351 --> 02:00:03,120
THE AGENTS, AND THE CONDITIONS

3024
02:00:03,120 --> 02:00:08,926
LAID OUT CURRENTLY BUT  IN SOME

3025
02:00:08,926 --> 02:00:14,598
WAYS IT'S BAD BECAUSE

3026
02:00:14,598 --> 02:00:16,467
SPECIFICITY IS AN IMPORTANT

3027
02:00:16,467 --> 02:00:17,768
INDICATOR WHAT IS ALLOWED AND

3028
02:00:17,768 --> 02:00:19,636
REGULATED AND WHAT IS NOT.

3029
02:00:19,636 --> 02:00:21,605
FROM MY PERSPECTIVE AS A

3030
02:00:21,605 --> 02:00:23,741
RESEARCHER, CLARITY OVER THE

3031
02:00:23,741 --> 02:00:25,375
SCOPE IS REALLY IMPORTANT.

3032
02:00:25,375 --> 02:00:27,744
WE WANT TO BE COMPLIANT AND

3033
02:00:27,744 --> 02:00:29,713
NAVIGATING THE MANY POLICIES AND

3034
02:00:29,713 --> 02:00:33,117
REGULATIONS FOR LIFE SCIENCES

3035
02:00:33,117 --> 02:00:36,053
RESEARCH, CAN BE DIFFICULT AS

3036
02:00:36,053 --> 02:00:38,589
ALL SORTS OF BIOSAFETY AND

3037
02:00:38,589 --> 02:00:39,790
BIOSECURITY PURPOSES THAT HAVE

3038
02:00:39,790 --> 02:00:43,260
TO BE NAVIGATED AND SORT OF

3039
02:00:43,260 --> 02:00:43,727
INTEGRATED.

3040
02:00:43,727 --> 02:00:45,028
I WORRY ABOUT THE ABILITY TO

3041
02:00:45,028 --> 02:00:53,804
PUBLIC OR GET GRANTS FOR WORK 

3042
02:00:53,804 --> 02:00:55,239
THAT CONSTITUTES DURC, WE SHOULD

3043
02:00:55,239 --> 02:00:56,373
CONSIDER POTENTIAL FOR REDUCTION

3044
02:00:56,373 --> 02:00:57,541
IN RESEARCH ON THOSE AGENTS OR

3045
02:00:57,541 --> 02:01:08,085
AT LEAST ON THE WORK THAT COMES

3046
02:01:08,986 --> 02:01:09,453
UNDER THAT.

3047
02:01:09,453 --> 02:01:11,788
SCOPE CHANGES.

3048
02:01:11,788 --> 02:01:13,090
WHAT WAS ALLOWED PREVIOUSLY IS

3049
02:01:13,090 --> 02:01:14,958
NO LONGER ALLOWED, THE WORLD HAS

3050
02:01:14,958 --> 02:01:17,694
MOVED ON, WE'VE ALSO SEEN

3051
02:01:17,694 --> 02:01:18,862
THROUGHOUT THIS PANDEMIC SOME

3052
02:01:18,862 --> 02:01:22,166
UNFORTUNATE AND VERY NEGATIVE

3053
02:01:22,166 --> 02:01:29,306
DISCUSSIONS AROUND THIS SORT OF

3054
02:01:29,306 --> 02:01:35,112
THING. 

3055
02:01:35,112 --> 02:01:41,585
AS WE LEARN AND CHARACTERIZE

3056
02:01:41,585 --> 02:01:43,987
MORE IS IT EXTRA-REGULATORY OR

3057
02:01:43,987 --> 02:01:47,491
SHOULD WE REGULATE IBCs AND

3058
02:01:47,491 --> 02:01:56,133
ELEVATING  BIOCONTAINMENT, FOR

3059
02:01:56,133 --> 02:01:56,366
EXAMPLE.

3060
02:01:56,366 --> 02:01:58,135
IT'S DIFFICULT TO REGULATE

3061
02:01:58,135 --> 02:01:59,670
THINGS ABOUT WHICH WE KNOW

3062
02:01:59,670 --> 02:02:04,575
NOTHING, THE THREAT OF THESE

3063
02:02:04,575 --> 02:02:05,576
UNKNOWN UNCHARACTERIZED,

3064
02:02:05,576 --> 02:02:08,946
UNEMERGED VIRUSES IS SORT OF AN

3065
02:02:08,946 --> 02:02:09,279
ONGOING ISSUE.

3066
02:02:09,279 --> 02:02:11,381
WE DO A LOT OF VIRAL DISCOVERY,

3067
02:02:11,381 --> 02:02:14,218
LOOKING FOR NEW THINGS, OFTEN

3068
02:02:14,218 --> 02:02:15,953
NEW VIRUSES IN BATS AND THESE DO

3069
02:02:15,953 --> 02:02:19,690
NOT COME UNDER THE CURRENT

3070
02:02:19,690 --> 02:02:20,824
DEFINITION.

3071
02:02:20,824 --> 02:02:22,559
BATS HOST MANY VIRUSES,

3072
02:02:22,559 --> 02:02:23,961
INCLUDING SELECT AGENTS, ON THE

3073
02:02:23,961 --> 02:02:26,029
OTHER IT'S A GREAT LEAP TO

3074
02:02:26,029 --> 02:02:29,099
SUGGEST ALL OR PERHAPS EVEN THE

3075
02:02:29,099 --> 02:02:32,069
MAJORITY OF BAT VIRUSES POSE A

3076
02:02:32,069 --> 02:02:33,704
THREAT TO HUMANS.

3077
02:02:33,704 --> 02:02:35,239
AND THEN THE VARIANTS, THAT I

3078
02:02:35,239 --> 02:02:36,874
MENTIONED EARLY, WHEN IS A TIER

3079
02:02:36,874 --> 02:02:41,144
1 VIRUS NOT A TIER 1 VIRUS?

3080
02:02:41,144 --> 02:02:44,081
HOW MUCH VARIATION IS THERE

3081
02:02:44,081 --> 02:02:45,616
BEFORE SUDDENLY WE'RE EITHER

3082
02:02:45,616 --> 02:02:48,552
WITHIN OR UNDER OR NOT UNDER

3083
02:02:48,552 --> 02:02:49,920
THIS POLICY?

3084
02:02:49,920 --> 02:02:52,789
I ALSO WONDER ABOUT SURROGATE

3085
02:02:52,789 --> 02:02:53,023
SYSTEMS.

3086
02:02:53,023 --> 02:02:54,424
IN THE PAST WE'VE SORT OF USED

3087
02:02:54,424 --> 02:02:56,827
THIS IN A WAY TOO GET AWAY FROM

3088
02:02:56,827 --> 02:02:59,963
OR GET AROUND THESE SORTS OF

3089
02:02:59,963 --> 02:03:00,564
POLICIES.

3090
02:03:00,564 --> 02:03:03,800
YOU KNOW, RATHER THAN DOING

3091
02:03:03,800 --> 02:03:04,801
GENETIC MANIPULATION OF

3092
02:03:04,801 --> 02:03:07,304
AUTHENTIC VIRUSES DO SURROGATE

3093
02:03:07,304 --> 02:03:08,071
SYSTEMS TO INTERROGATE

3094
02:03:08,071 --> 02:03:11,808
DETERMINANTS THAT MAY BE 

3095
02:03:11,808 --> 02:03:12,442
ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR

3096
02:03:12,442 --> 02:03:17,281
PHENOTYPES, AND WHILE THAT'S NOT

3097
02:03:17,281 --> 02:03:20,350
GENERATING A MORE INFECTIOUS

3098
02:03:20,350 --> 02:03:23,420
VIRUS, IT'S STILL GENERATING

3099
02:03:23,420 --> 02:03:27,090
INFORMATION THAT ARGUABLY CAN

3100
02:03:27,090 --> 02:03:28,358
CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH CONCERNS.

3101
02:03:28,358 --> 02:03:34,931
SO AT OUR OWN INSTITUTION AT 

3102
02:03:34,931 --> 02:03:36,233
UC-DAVIS WE TRIED TO BE

3103
02:03:36,233 --> 02:03:37,868
EXPANSIVE IN OUR INTERPRETATION

3104
02:03:37,868 --> 02:03:40,170
OF DURC AND BIOSAFETY POLICIES

3105
02:03:40,170 --> 02:03:43,707
IN GENERAL, BECAUSE MANY OF THE 

3106
02:03:43,707 --> 02:03:46,643
VIRUSES THAT WE'RE WORKING WITH,

3107
02:03:46,643 --> 02:03:49,446
SAMPLES OR SPECIES, THAT WE'RE

3108
02:03:49,446 --> 02:03:50,480
WORKING WITH, ARE

3109
02:03:50,480 --> 02:03:50,981
UNCHARACTERIZED.

3110
02:03:50,981 --> 02:03:52,916
I THINK IT'S BEEN THE GENERAL

3111
02:03:52,916 --> 02:03:54,551
APPROACH TO DOWNGRADE THE RISK

3112
02:03:54,551 --> 02:03:56,620
OF UNKNOWN AGENTS BECAUSE

3113
02:03:56,620 --> 02:03:58,722
THERE'S NO SPECIFIC INFORMATION

3114
02:03:58,722 --> 02:04:00,791
THAT ELEVATES THEM TO A HIGHER

3115
02:04:00,791 --> 02:04:01,658
RISK CATEGORY.

3116
02:04:01,658 --> 02:04:04,995
BUT WE TEND TO START WITH SORT

3117
02:04:04,995 --> 02:04:07,931
OF ASSUMPTION OF HIGHER RISK,

3118
02:04:07,931 --> 02:04:08,765
UNTIL WE KNOW OTHERWISE.

3119
02:04:08,765 --> 02:04:13,570
WE TRY TO BE A BIT MORE AGNOSTIC

3120
02:04:13,570 --> 02:04:15,672
IN THAT SENSE, AND WHEREVER WE

3121
02:04:15,672 --> 02:04:20,711
CAN WE IMPLEMENT RISK MITIGATION

3122
02:04:20,711 --> 02:04:23,780
PRACTICES OR ACCORDINGLY, SO WE

3123
02:04:23,780 --> 02:04:26,850
MAY PROCESS INFECTIOUS --

3124
02:04:26,850 --> 02:04:27,751
POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS SAMPLES,

3125
02:04:27,751 --> 02:04:31,755
DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLES FROM BATS IN

3126
02:04:31,755 --> 02:04:36,693
A BSL3 UNTIL ACTIVATED, MAY

3127
02:04:36,693 --> 02:04:38,995
PERFORM EXPERIMENTS AT BSL3 EVEN

3128
02:04:38,995 --> 02:04:41,298
IF NOT OFFICIALLY CLASSIFIED AS

3129
02:04:41,298 --> 02:04:43,567
BSL3, LYSIS BATH IN THE FIELD,

3130
02:04:43,567 --> 02:04:46,003
BIG PROCESS WHETHER OR NOT WE

3131
02:04:46,003 --> 02:04:47,537
EVEN NEED POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS

3132
02:04:47,537 --> 02:04:49,206
SAMPLE, CAN WE MITIGATE THAT

3133
02:04:49,206 --> 02:04:51,608
RISK RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING?

3134
02:04:51,608 --> 02:04:56,913
I ALSO THOUGHT THAT THE EARLIER

3135
02:04:56,913 --> 02:04:58,415
COMMENTS ABOUT TRAINING WERE

3136
02:04:58,415 --> 02:04:59,516
IMPORTANT AND INSIGHTFUL.

3137
02:04:59,516 --> 02:05:03,353
OFTEN THE TRAINING AROUND THIS

3138
02:05:03,353 --> 02:05:05,989
IS LIMITED TO PEOPLE IN

3139
02:05:05,989 --> 02:05:07,724
PROGRAMS, SO IT'S ONLY THOSE

3140
02:05:07,724 --> 02:05:09,493
PEOPLE THAT DO UNDERSTAND, AT

3141
02:05:09,493 --> 02:05:11,561
LEAST UNDERSTAND THE BEST, THE

3142
02:05:11,561 --> 02:05:14,197
RISKS THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT.

3143
02:05:14,197 --> 02:05:16,500
SO, WHILE THIS IS NOT

3144
02:05:16,500 --> 02:05:17,267
NECESSARILY AN INSTITUTIONAL

3145
02:05:17,267 --> 02:05:20,437
THING, IN MY OWN GROUP WE HAVE

3146
02:05:20,437 --> 02:05:23,507
SOME PEOPLE WHO ARE SORT OF BSL3

3147
02:05:23,507 --> 02:05:25,008
AND SOME PEOPLE THAT DON'T,

3148
02:05:25,008 --> 02:05:26,977
MAKING SURE EVERYONE IS FULLY

3149
02:05:26,977 --> 02:05:30,947
AWARE OF SORT OF THE DISTINCTION

3150
02:05:30,947 --> 02:05:34,651
AND WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO RISK AND

3151
02:05:34,651 --> 02:05:35,519
ELEVATES TO CERTAIN RISK

3152
02:05:35,519 --> 02:05:37,421
CATEGORIES IS IMPORTANT FOR THE

3153
02:05:37,421 --> 02:05:40,223
COMMUNICATION AND THAT WAS

3154
02:05:40,223 --> 02:05:40,624
MENTIONED EARLIER.

3155
02:05:40,624 --> 02:05:43,627
I THINK I WILL END MY COMMENTS

3156
02:05:43,627 --> 02:05:43,827
THERE.

3157
02:05:43,827 --> 02:05:44,161
THANK YOU.

3158
02:05:44,161 --> 02:05:46,730
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

3159
02:05:46,730 --> 02:05:48,131
YOU'VE GIVEN US QUITE A BIT OF

3160
02:05:48,131 --> 02:05:49,032
FOOD FOR THOUGHT.

3161
02:05:49,032 --> 02:05:51,435
WE DO NEED TO GO TO BROADER

3162
02:05:51,435 --> 02:05:54,171
QUESTIONS BUT IF I COULD ASK JOE

3163
02:05:54,171 --> 02:05:56,106
AND KALPANA FROM THEIR

3164
02:05:56,106 --> 02:05:58,909
PERSPECTIVE BEING PEOPLE ON THE

3165
02:05:58,909 --> 02:06:03,814
FRONT LINE OF THE IBCs, WHAT

3166
02:06:03,814 --> 02:06:05,916
YOUR EXPECTATION MIGHT BE AT THE

3167
02:06:05,916 --> 02:06:08,084
IMPACT ON RESEARCH IF SCOPE WERE

3168
02:06:08,084 --> 02:06:10,287
BROADENED IN SOME WAY, GENERALLY

3169
02:06:10,287 --> 02:06:17,427
SPEAKING, IF YOU COULD QUICKLY 

3170
02:06:17,427 --> 02:06:20,263
JUST ADDRESS THAT.

3171
02:06:20,263 --> 02:06:22,099
>> SO, I CAN BEGIN.

3172
02:06:22,099 --> 02:06:23,834
YEAH, I THINK, YOU KNOW, I THINK

3173
02:06:23,834 --> 02:06:26,236
THAT IF SCOPE IS BROADENED THEN

3174
02:06:26,236 --> 02:06:28,438
THE PROCESS HAS TO BECOME MORE

3175
02:06:28,438 --> 02:06:28,839
FORMALIZED.

3176
02:06:28,839 --> 02:06:31,875
I THINK THAT DOES OBVIOUSLY

3177
02:06:31,875 --> 02:06:32,676
REQUIRE ADDITIONAL EFFORT, ON

3178
02:06:32,676 --> 02:06:35,912
BOTH OF THE PART OF THE

3179
02:06:35,912 --> 02:06:37,280
INVESTIGATOR AND THE COMMITTEES.

3180
02:06:37,280 --> 02:06:38,815
AGAIN, THAT BEING SAID, WE DO

3181
02:06:38,815 --> 02:06:41,551
TRY TO GET IN FRONT OF THAT AND

3182
02:06:41,551 --> 02:06:43,420
TRY TO, YOU KNOW, TAKE THIS

3183
02:06:43,420 --> 02:06:45,055
APPROACH WHERE THIS IS

3184
02:06:45,055 --> 02:06:48,058
CONSIDERED FOR ALL OF OUR WORK

3185
02:06:48,058 --> 02:06:49,793
BUT WE DON'T OBVIOUSLY

3186
02:06:49,793 --> 02:06:51,161
NECESSARILY HAVE TO DEVELOP

3187
02:06:51,161 --> 02:06:52,863
MITIGATION PLANS, ET CETERA.

3188
02:06:52,863 --> 02:06:54,531
I THINK IF SCOPE WERE EXPANDED

3189
02:06:54,531 --> 02:06:56,500
WE WOULD HAVE TO THINK ABOUT

3190
02:06:56,500 --> 02:06:59,436
WHAT DO WE REALLY NEED TO

3191
02:06:59,436 --> 02:07:01,438
MONITOR, TO PUT IN PLACE, TO

3192
02:07:01,438 --> 02:07:04,808
MONITOR AND MANAGE THESE

3193
02:07:04,808 --> 02:07:05,809
EXPANDED PROJECTS.

3194
02:07:05,809 --> 02:07:08,211
BECAUSE I DO THINK, AGAIN, IT

3195
02:07:08,211 --> 02:07:09,513
DOES REQUIRE ADDITIONAL LABOR ON

3196
02:07:09,513 --> 02:07:13,450
THE INVESTIGATOR AND THE

3197
02:07:13,450 --> 02:07:13,750
COMMITTEES.

3198
02:07:13,750 --> 02:07:18,788
>> I WOULD LIKE TO ADD TO
WHAT

3199
02:07:18,788 --> 02:07:19,723
JOE SAID.

3200
02:07:19,723 --> 02:07:20,924
THEY DEFINITELY GIVES US AN

3201
02:07:20,924 --> 02:07:22,792
OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND THE SCOPE

3202
02:07:22,792 --> 02:07:26,296
SINCE MOST OF OUR INSTITUTION

3203
02:07:26,296 --> 02:07:29,933
BIOSAFETY COMMITTEE, MEMBERS ARE

3204
02:07:29,933 --> 02:07:30,400
RESEARCHERS, HANDS-ON

3205
02:07:30,400 --> 02:07:31,635
RESEARCHERS, INVESTIGATORS.

3206
02:07:31,635 --> 02:07:35,038
WE HAVE OCCUPATIONAL, IN OUR

3207
02:07:35,038 --> 02:07:36,439
SYSTEM, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

3208
02:07:36,439 --> 02:07:40,410
SYSTEM, SERVING ON THE

3209
02:07:40,410 --> 02:07:41,178
COMMITTEE.

3210
02:07:41,178 --> 02:07:43,180
REVIEWED PROTOCOLS, BASED ON

3211
02:07:43,180 --> 02:07:45,782
THINGS COMING LIKE THIS, IT

3212
02:07:45,782 --> 02:07:48,285
MAKES THE COMMITTEE BROADEN

3213
02:07:48,285 --> 02:07:49,719
THEIR THOUGHT PROCESS THAT THEY

3214
02:07:49,719 --> 02:07:51,988
SHOULD THINK ABOUT THIS WAY FOR

3215
02:07:51,988 --> 02:07:55,292
THIS AGENT, MAKE IT A MORE

3216
02:07:55,292 --> 02:07:56,660
ROBUST SYSTEM, NOT NECESSARILY

3217
02:07:56,660 --> 02:08:00,096
UNKNOWN AGENTS BUT EVEN FOR

3218
02:08:00,096 --> 02:08:00,997
KNOWN AGENTS THAT WE APPROVING,

3219
02:08:00,997 --> 02:08:03,300
WILL THAT BE A LITTLE BIT --

3220
02:08:03,300 --> 02:08:05,402
SHOULD WE BE MORE STRINGENT?

3221
02:08:05,402 --> 02:08:07,804
THAT GIVES US AN OPPORTUNITY TO

3222
02:08:07,804 --> 02:08:10,006
EXTRAPOLATE OUR OWN THOUGHT

3223
02:08:10,006 --> 02:08:11,741
PROCESS BASED ON WHAT WE'RE

3224
02:08:11,741 --> 02:08:22,185
BEING ASKED TO DO ON THIS

3225
02:08:22,919 --> 02:08:23,219
SEGMENT

3226
02:08:23,219 --> 02:08:24,788
>> GERRY AND DENNIS.

3227
02:08:24,788 --> 02:08:26,890
>> THANK YOU.

3228
02:08:26,890 --> 02:08:30,260
THANKS FOR ALL THE COMMENTS.

3229
02:08:30,260 --> 02:08:31,461
I WANT TO GO BACK TO SOMETHING

3230
02:08:31,461 --> 02:08:34,297
JILL SAID IN THE FIRST PANEL,

3231
02:08:34,297 --> 02:08:35,298
PARAPHRASING, ESSENTIALLY THE

3232
02:08:35,298 --> 02:08:37,500
WAY DURC STARTED WITH THE LIST

3233
02:08:37,500 --> 02:08:40,870
OF 15 SPECIFIC SELECT AGENTS,

3234
02:08:40,870 --> 02:08:43,139
SEVEN CATEGORIES OF EXPERIMENTS,

3235
02:08:43,139 --> 02:08:44,407
IS NECESSARY, THE FOUNDATION.

3236
02:08:44,407 --> 02:08:46,810
BUT I THINK JILL SAID IT'S NOT

3237
02:08:46,810 --> 02:08:47,344
SUFFICIENT.

3238
02:08:47,344 --> 02:08:52,282
I THINK WE HEARD THAT IN THESE

3239
02:08:52,282 --> 02:08:54,918
PRESENTATIONS, I APPRECIATED

3240
02:08:54,918 --> 02:08:56,987
SIMON'S COMMENTS ABOUT VIRAL

3241
02:08:56,987 --> 02:09:02,259
DISCOVERY AND CHARACTERIZATION, 

3242
02:09:02,259 --> 02:09:04,761
IN THAT, VIRAL ECOLOGY.

3243
02:09:04,761 --> 02:09:06,396
WE'RE GETTING INTO UNCERTAIN

3244
02:09:06,396 --> 02:09:06,963
TERRITORY.

3245
02:09:06,963 --> 02:09:08,598
YOU'RE ARGUING FOR BOTH SIDES OF

3246
02:09:08,598 --> 02:09:12,235
THE EQUATION, DO WE NEED

3247
02:09:12,235 --> 02:09:13,603
ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE, DO WE NOT?

3248
02:09:13,603 --> 02:09:16,906
I REALLY THINK WHAT I WAS

3249
02:09:16,906 --> 02:09:18,575
HEARING, THE RESEARCHERS WHO ARE

3250
02:09:18,575 --> 02:09:21,177
DOING THIS WORK NEED CLEAR

3251
02:09:21,177 --> 02:09:22,379
GUIDANCE, CLEAR GUIDANCE.

3252
02:09:22,379 --> 02:09:24,881
IN FACT, THERE IS AN ARGUMENT

3253
02:09:24,881 --> 02:09:27,417
THAT WE DO NEED TO EXPAND THE

3254
02:09:27,417 --> 02:09:30,153
SCOPE TO INCORPORATE THIS

3255
02:09:30,153 --> 02:09:31,354
UNCERTAIN TERRITORY.

3256
02:09:31,354 --> 02:09:32,589
THAT'S WHY WE'RE CHALLENGED, HOW

3257
02:09:32,589 --> 02:09:38,595
DO WE DO THAT?

3258
02:09:38,595 --> 02:09:40,697
AND MY QUESTION, HOW DO WE DO

3259
02:09:40,697 --> 02:09:44,267
THAT? 

3260
02:09:44,267 --> 02:09:45,502
WHAT'S THE TERMINOLOGY?

3261
02:09:45,502 --> 02:09:48,104
IS IT REALLY -- WE'VE GOT TO

3262
02:09:48,104 --> 02:09:49,172
MOVE BEYOND THIS SPACE, WE'VE

3263
02:09:49,172 --> 02:09:50,940
GOT TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE'RE

3264
02:09:50,940 --> 02:09:52,609
GOING TO DO THE VIRAL

3265
02:09:52,609 --> 02:09:54,144
CHARACTERISTICS AND DEAL WITH

3266
02:09:54,144 --> 02:09:56,313
THE UNCERTAIN TERRITORY IN A WAY

3267
02:09:56,313 --> 02:09:58,515
THAT YOU HAVE CLEAR GUIDANCE AS

3268
02:09:58,515 --> 02:10:01,251
A RESEARCHERS AND WE MITIGATE

3269
02:10:01,251 --> 02:10:03,219
THE RISK.

3270
02:10:03,219 --> 02:10:05,455
>> YEAH, I DON'T KNOW
WHICH IS

3271
02:10:05,455 --> 02:10:07,257
COMPLETELY USELESS FOR YOU.

3272
02:10:07,257 --> 02:10:08,458
I'M FULLY AWARE, I DON'T KNOW

3273
02:10:08,458 --> 02:10:09,559
NECESSARILY WHAT THE RIGHT

3274
02:10:09,559 --> 02:10:10,994
ANSWER IS.

3275
02:10:10,994 --> 02:10:13,830
I MEAN, YOU KNOW, YOU MAY LOOK

3276
02:10:13,830 --> 02:10:16,366
AT THESE LISTS OF AGENTS AND

3277
02:10:16,366 --> 02:10:18,368
EXPERIMENTS AND THINK, WELL, YOU

3278
02:10:18,368 --> 02:10:23,473
KNOW, I'M DOING THIS ONE

3279
02:10:23,473 --> 02:10:26,409
EXPERIMENT, OVER HERE, SO I

3280
02:10:26,409 --> 02:10:27,544
WOULD TICK A BOX ON THE

3281
02:10:27,544 --> 02:10:28,144
EXPERIMENTAL PART.

3282
02:10:28,144 --> 02:10:29,579
WHEN I LOOK BACK TO THE LIST I'M

3283
02:10:29,579 --> 02:10:31,247
NOT ON THE LIST.

3284
02:10:31,247 --> 02:10:36,786
SO I'M NOT OFFICIALLY UNDER

3285
02:10:36,786 --> 02:10:38,054
THIS.

3286
02:10:38,054 --> 02:10:39,889
I HAVE A FEELING IT'S THIN

3287
02:10:39,889 --> 02:10:41,224
NUANCED LINE YOU'RE DEALING

3288
02:10:41,224 --> 02:10:44,060
WITH. 

3289
02:10:44,060 --> 02:10:46,262
AND SO THERE'S A CERTAIN

3290
02:10:46,262 --> 02:10:48,365
UNCOMFORTABLE FEELING THAT GOES

3291
02:10:48,365 --> 02:10:50,867
ALONG WITH THAT WORK, AND IN

3292
02:10:50,867 --> 02:10:56,439
MANY WAYS THIS  GREATER

3293
02:10:56,439 --> 02:11:00,343
EXPANSIVE VIEW, I THINK WOULD

3294
02:11:00,343 --> 02:11:03,012
HELP WITH THAT, RIGHT?

3295
02:11:03,012 --> 02:11:04,547
BECAUSE IT WOULD CAPTURE SOME

3296
02:11:04,547 --> 02:11:05,982
OTHER AGENTS THAT CLEARLY ARE

3297
02:11:05,982 --> 02:11:07,484
IMPORTANT BECAUSE WHY ARE WE

3298
02:11:07,484 --> 02:11:10,420
LOOKING AT THEM IF NOT?

3299
02:11:10,420 --> 02:11:16,993
BUT, YEAH, I DON'T KNOW IF I

3300
02:11:16,993 --> 02:11:18,061
HAVE THE SOLUTION.

3301
02:11:18,061 --> 02:11:18,628
>> THANK YOU.

3302
02:11:18,628 --> 02:11:19,963
THREE PEOPLE HAVE HANDS UP.

3303
02:11:19,963 --> 02:11:22,365
DENNIS, WOULD YOU LIKE TO GO

3304
02:11:22,365 --> 02:11:22,699
NEXT?

3305
02:11:22,699 --> 02:11:23,967
AND THEN JILL AND JIM AND WE

3306
02:11:23,967 --> 02:11:28,071
NEED TO GO TO THE PUBLIC

3307
02:11:28,071 --> 02:11:29,472
COMMENTS.

3308
02:11:29,472 --> 02:11:30,473
>> THANKS, EVERYBODY, FOR
VERY

3309
02:11:30,473 --> 02:11:31,808
USEFUL TALKS.

3310
02:11:31,808 --> 02:11:34,944
I'VE LEARNED A LOT OF THINGS,

3311
02:11:34,944 --> 02:11:37,914
OPEN FOR DISCUSSION BY NSABB.

3312
02:11:37,914 --> 02:11:43,586
ONE THING THAT I WONDER ABOUT,

3313
02:11:43,586 --> 02:11:46,089
MAYBE JOE COULD ADDRESS THIS,

3314
02:11:46,089 --> 02:11:46,890
YOU DESCRIBED A DETAILED

3315
02:11:46,890 --> 02:11:48,625
PROCEDURE FOR A TASK FORCE,

3316
02:11:48,625 --> 02:11:52,929
DEVELOPMENT OF A TASK FORCE,

3317
02:11:52,929 --> 02:11:55,064
REVIEW OF RESEARCH, MANUSCRIPTS.

3318
02:11:55,064 --> 02:11:58,368
MY QUESTION IS, HOW WERE THOSE

3319
02:11:58,368 --> 02:12:00,203
PROCEDURES DEVELOPED?

3320
02:12:00,203 --> 02:12:03,339
I'VE BEEN AT MULTIPLE

3321
02:12:03,339 --> 02:12:05,308
INSTITUTIONS, FILLED OUT

3322
02:12:05,308 --> 02:12:06,509
MULTIPLE IACUC FORMS, THEY SEEM

3323
02:12:06,509 --> 02:12:07,944
TORE SIMILAR FROM INSTITUTION TO

3324
02:12:07,944 --> 02:12:11,147
INSTITUTION BUT WHEN IT CAME TO

3325
02:12:11,147 --> 02:12:14,117
IBC FORMS IT SEEMED LIKE THERE

3326
02:12:14,117 --> 02:12:16,219
WAS NO UNIFORM TYPE OF REVIEW

3327
02:12:16,219 --> 02:12:17,687
AND IN FACT PRETTY MUCH DEPENDED

3328
02:12:17,687 --> 02:12:19,622
ON WHO HAPPENED TO BE THE

3329
02:12:19,622 --> 02:12:21,357
RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL AT THE TIME

3330
02:12:21,357 --> 02:12:24,694
AND AT MY LATEST INSTITUTION

3331
02:12:24,694 --> 02:12:28,832
WE'VE GONE TO MULTIPLE ROs,

3332
02:12:28,832 --> 02:12:30,133
WONDERING WERE THOSE PROCEDURES

3333
02:12:30,133 --> 02:12:31,367
MANDATED BY SOME GOVERNMENT

3334
02:12:31,367 --> 02:12:34,137
AGENCY OR DID YOU DEVELOP THOSE

3335
02:12:34,137 --> 02:12:36,639
PRETTY MUCH ON AN AD HOC BASIS?

3336
02:12:36,639 --> 02:12:40,577
>> YEAH, IT'S MORE THE
LATTER,

3337
02:12:40,577 --> 02:12:41,444
DENNIS.

3338
02:12:41,444 --> 02:12:45,915
YOU KNOW, I JUST -- AS WE

3339
02:12:45,915 --> 02:12:48,484
THOUGHT ABOUT WHO GETS THEIR

3340
02:12:48,484 --> 02:12:49,752
HANDS ON OVERSEEING THE WORK,

3341
02:12:49,752 --> 02:12:52,288
RIGHT? 

3342
02:12:52,288 --> 02:12:56,426
AT WHAT POINT IS THE WORK

3343
02:12:56,426 --> 02:12:56,693
REVIEWED?

3344
02:12:56,693 --> 02:12:57,961
AND IT HAPPENS OBVIOUSLY AT THE

3345
02:12:57,961 --> 02:13:00,263
P.I. LEVEL, FIRST AND FOREMOST,

3346
02:13:00,263 --> 02:13:02,799
IT HAPPENS AT THE UNIVERSITY

3347
02:13:02,799 --> 02:13:03,900
RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION, WHERE

3348
02:13:03,900 --> 02:13:05,768
GRANTS WITH TRANSMITTED AND

3349
02:13:05,768 --> 02:13:08,504
FUNDS ARE DISBURSED.

3350
02:13:08,504 --> 02:13:09,739
THERE ARE AGREEMENTS SIGNED ON

3351
02:13:09,739 --> 02:13:11,241
ALL OF THOSE THINGS.

3352
02:13:11,241 --> 02:13:14,844
SO I THINK WE FELT THAT IT WAS

3353
02:13:14,844 --> 02:13:19,449
VITAL THAT GROUP BE INCLUDED.

3354
02:13:19,449 --> 02:13:22,519
OBVIOUSLY, THE IBCs AND

3355
02:13:22,519 --> 02:13:28,491
BIOSAFETY OFFICERS, AND THE

3356
02:13:28,491 --> 02:13:30,159
FEDERAL AGENCIES GET THEIR HANDS

3357
02:13:30,159 --> 02:13:30,827
ON IT.

3358
02:13:30,827 --> 02:13:32,562
WE THOUGHT WHETHER WHO IS

3359
02:13:32,562 --> 02:13:35,098
INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT

3360
02:13:35,098 --> 02:13:35,565
PROCESS.

3361
02:13:35,565 --> 02:13:41,971
AND THAT'S REALLY KIND OF HOW WE

3362
02:13:41,971 --> 02:13:42,505
FOCUSED.

3363
02:13:42,505 --> 02:13:43,773
I THINK THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

3364
02:13:43,773 --> 02:13:45,308
TASK FORCE WAS THE IDEA THAT WE

3365
02:13:45,308 --> 02:13:47,844
WOULD BRING IN THE EXPERTISE NOT

3366
02:13:47,844 --> 02:13:49,946
ONLY OF SELECT AGENT RESEARCHERS

3367
02:13:49,946 --> 02:13:51,114
BUT OTHERS AS WELL.

3368
02:13:51,114 --> 02:13:52,649
AGAIN, I THINK GOING BEYOND THE

3369
02:13:52,649 --> 02:13:55,385
LIST IS PART OF THE THINKING

3370
02:13:55,385 --> 02:13:55,585
THERE.

3371
02:13:55,585 --> 02:13:57,353
>> DO YOU THINK IT WOULD
BE

3372
02:13:57,353 --> 02:13:59,756
USEFUL FOR THIS COMMITTEE TO

3373
02:13:59,756 --> 02:14:04,661
DEVELOP SOME KIND OF UNIFORM

3374
02:14:04,661 --> 02:14:05,862
PROCEDURE FOR IBC REVIEW?

3375
02:14:05,862 --> 02:14:12,502
>> YEAH, IT'S A GREAT
QUESTION. 

3376
02:14:12,502 --> 02:14:13,770
THAT MIGHT BE CHALLENGING.

3377
02:14:13,770 --> 02:14:18,274
I THINK ANOTHER THING WE'VE

3378
02:14:18,274 --> 02:14:20,576
DEVELOPED THAT'S BEEN HELPFUL,

3379
02:14:20,576 --> 02:14:22,211
ONLINE REGISTRATION PROCESS AND

3380
02:14:22,211 --> 02:14:23,012
SYSTEM.

3381
02:14:23,012 --> 02:14:26,182
NOT ONLY IS THE PROCESS USED BY

3382
02:14:26,182 --> 02:14:28,584
INVESTIGATORS TO DESCRIBE THE

3383
02:14:28,584 --> 02:14:30,320
WORK THEY ARE DOING AND

3384
02:14:30,320 --> 02:14:31,454
CONTAINMENT MEASURES, ET CETERA,

3385
02:14:31,454 --> 02:14:35,224
BUT IT'S ALSO THE SYSTEM INBY

3386
02:14:35,224 --> 02:14:37,126
WHICH REVIEWERS LOG THEIR

3387
02:14:37,126 --> 02:14:37,527
COMMENTS.

3388
02:14:37,527 --> 02:14:39,796
SO THE PROJECTS UPDATE GO

3389
02:14:39,796 --> 02:14:41,598
MULTIPLE LEVELS OF REVIEW.

3390
02:14:41,598 --> 02:14:43,333
THEY ARE INITIALLY REVIEWED BY

3391
02:14:43,333 --> 02:14:44,667
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF IBC,

3392
02:14:44,667 --> 02:14:47,303
THEN BY THE BOTH SAFETY OFFICE

3393
02:14:47,303 --> 02:14:50,139
TEAM AND FINALLY THE COMMITTEE.

3394
02:14:50,139 --> 02:14:51,574
A LOT OF WORK, A LOT OF

3395
02:14:51,574 --> 02:14:55,611
INFORMATION, IF IT'S NOT ALREADY

3396
02:14:55,611 --> 02:14:57,480
IN THE PROTOCOL IT'S OBTAINED

3397
02:14:57,480 --> 02:14:59,782
BEFORE THE PROTOCOL HITS THE

3398
02:14:59,782 --> 02:15:02,552
COMMITTEE SO THAT TO MOVE THINGS

3399
02:15:02,552 --> 02:15:03,720
ALONG AND EXPEDITE THINGS.

3400
02:15:03,720 --> 02:15:05,621
BUT I THINK IT'S THAT DIALOGUE

3401
02:15:05,621 --> 02:15:09,292
THAT OCCURS IN THAT ENTIRE

3402
02:15:09,292 --> 02:15:11,494
PROCESS, THAT, YOU KNOW, HELPS

3403
02:15:11,494 --> 02:15:17,834
US MONITOR AND HELPS EDUCATE THE

3404
02:15:17,834 --> 02:15:19,268
FACULTY ABOUT THE WORK WE'RE

3405
02:15:19,268 --> 02:15:21,337
TRYING TO DO HERE.

3406
02:15:21,337 --> 02:15:23,206
>> YES, JILL, WOULD YOU
LIKE TO

3407
02:15:23,206 --> 02:15:24,173
GO NEXT?

3408
02:15:24,173 --> 02:15:28,044
>> MY QUESTION REALLY IS
FOR

3409
02:15:28,044 --> 02:15:28,578
SIMON.

3410
02:15:28,578 --> 02:15:34,717
THE GRAY AREA THAT HE'S WORKING

3411
02:15:34,717 --> 02:15:37,086
IN, AND SO BUT BATS ARE A

3412
02:15:37,086 --> 02:15:40,390
RESERVOIR OF VIRUSES, A

3413
02:15:40,390 --> 02:15:41,057
FANTASTIC AND INCREDIBLY --

3414
02:15:41,057 --> 02:15:46,295
COULD BE A FORMATIVE AREA, AND

3415
02:15:46,295 --> 02:15:49,032
SOMETHING WE LOOKED AT BECAUSE

3416
02:15:49,032 --> 02:15:51,000
OF THE RESERVOIR OF BATS FROM

3417
02:15:51,000 --> 02:15:51,934
THE RABIES PROGRAM.

3418
02:15:51,934 --> 02:15:55,171
BUT ONE THING THAT YOU CAN DO IS

3419
02:15:55,171 --> 02:15:59,976
KEEP IN TOUCH WITH YOUR PUBLIC

3420
02:15:59,976 --> 02:16:02,278
HEALTH LAB, IS THIS A SEQUENCE

3421
02:16:02,278 --> 02:16:06,783
THEY SHOULD BE LOOKING FOR?

3422
02:16:06,783 --> 02:16:08,951
PERHAPS DEVELOP THE DESIGNER PCR

3423
02:16:08,951 --> 02:16:12,722
ASSAY SO WE HAVE THE TOOLS READY

3424
02:16:12,722 --> 02:16:14,424
IF WE NEED THEM.

3425
02:16:14,424 --> 02:16:19,095
AND THIS IS PART OF THE

3426
02:16:19,095 --> 02:16:19,796
COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPARENCY

3427
02:16:19,796 --> 02:16:23,499
IF IT GOES TO GENBANK IS THERE

3428
02:16:23,499 --> 02:16:26,469
SOME NOTATION THAT SAYS HAS THE

3429
02:16:26,469 --> 02:16:27,370
POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN

3430
02:16:27,370 --> 02:16:29,205
TRANSMISSION, YOU KNOW, THE MORE

3431
02:16:29,205 --> 02:16:30,306
INFORMATION, THE BETTER.

3432
02:16:30,306 --> 02:16:33,142
BUT AS YOU KNOW, I'M SORT OF ALL

3433
02:16:33,142 --> 02:16:34,877
ABOUT PREPAREDNESS AND READINESS

3434
02:16:34,877 --> 02:16:40,049
AND HAVING THE TOOLS READY FOR

3435
02:16:40,049 --> 02:16:42,552
DEVELOPMENT OF TEST, WE'RE ONE

3436
02:16:42,552 --> 02:16:51,994
STEP AHEAD, SO JUST A THOUGHT. 

3437
02:16:51,994 --> 02:16:57,033
>> YES, THANK YOU. 

3438
02:16:57,033 --> 02:16:57,533
>> OKAY.

3439
02:16:57,533 --> 02:17:00,103
AND THERE WAS ONE MORE.

3440
02:17:00,103 --> 02:17:01,204
JIM, OF COURSE.

3441
02:17:01,204 --> 02:17:01,838
>> THANK YOU.

3442
02:17:01,838 --> 02:17:03,706
THIS HAS BEEN A GREAT

3443
02:17:03,706 --> 02:17:04,373
CONVERSATION.

3444
02:17:04,373 --> 02:17:07,677
I KNOW WE'RE RUNNING SHORT ON

3445
02:17:07,677 --> 02:17:09,112
TIME.

3446
02:17:09,112 --> 02:17:11,781
QUICK POINTS, NUMBER ONE, I

3447
02:17:11,781 --> 02:17:13,649
THINK THE DIVERSITY OF

3448
02:17:13,649 --> 02:17:19,455
PRESENTATIONS FROM THIS GROUP

3449
02:17:19,455 --> 02:17:22,024
DEMONSTRATES THE QUALITY OF

3450
02:17:22,024 --> 02:17:23,760
IBCs THAT ARE ALREADY IN

3451
02:17:23,760 --> 02:17:24,093
PLACE.

3452
02:17:24,093 --> 02:17:26,162
I WAS PLEASED WITH DENNIS'

3453
02:17:26,162 --> 02:17:28,564
COMMENT THAT WHAT SEEMS TO BE

3454
02:17:28,564 --> 02:17:31,734
LACKING IS SET OF NORMS AND

3455
02:17:31,734 --> 02:17:32,835
STANDARDS THAT EVERYBODY ASPIRES

3456
02:17:32,835 --> 02:17:34,470
TO, ONE OF THE POINTS I WAS

3457
02:17:34,470 --> 02:17:37,006
TRYING TO MAKE EARLIER THAT THE

3458
02:17:37,006 --> 02:17:41,778
GOVERNMENT COULD HELP BY

3459
02:17:41,778 --> 02:17:43,012
ABSOLUTELY ESTABLISHING THAT.

3460
02:17:43,012 --> 02:17:47,150
THAT SAID, WE DON'T TALK AT ALL

3461
02:17:47,150 --> 02:17:50,887
ABOUT THE DYI COMMUNITY, THE

3462
02:17:50,887 --> 02:17:52,622
GROUPS THAT JILL AND MARIA SO

3463
02:17:52,622 --> 02:17:53,956
ELOQUENTLY TALKED ABOUT.

3464
02:17:53,956 --> 02:17:55,024
THAT'S THE REAL CHALLENGE, HOW

3465
02:17:55,024 --> 02:17:58,194
DO WE GET OUT OF THIS ACADEMIC

3466
02:17:58,194 --> 02:17:59,762
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT AND ENGAGE

3467
02:17:59,762 --> 02:18:03,065
THE BROADER COMMUNITY THAT NEEDS

3468
02:18:03,065 --> 02:18:04,600
OUR INVOLVEMENT.

3469
02:18:04,600 --> 02:18:06,102
I REALLY ENJOYED SIMON'S

3470
02:18:06,102 --> 02:18:06,435
PRESENTATION.

3471
02:18:06,435 --> 02:18:10,173
I THINK HE'S ALSO WORKING IN A

3472
02:18:10,173 --> 02:18:12,308
CUTTING EDGE AREA THAT WE NEED

3473
02:18:12,308 --> 02:18:13,976
TO PAY SOME ATTENTION TO.

3474
02:18:13,976 --> 02:18:18,614
AND SO IN HIS LINE OF RESEARCH,

3475
02:18:18,614 --> 02:18:22,885
WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE AND

3476
02:18:22,885 --> 02:18:27,456
HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THE RISKS 

3477
02:18:27,456 --> 02:18:31,093
ASSOCIATED FIRST WITH SEQUENCES,

3478
02:18:31,093 --> 02:18:31,894
ONLY NON-INFECTIOUS MATERIAL

3479
02:18:31,894 --> 02:18:34,397
GOING TO ISOLATION OF POTENTIAL

3480
02:18:34,397 --> 02:18:36,032
PATHOGENS OR VIRUSES,

3481
02:18:36,032 --> 02:18:40,503
CHARACTERIZATION OF THOSE

3482
02:18:40,503 --> 02:18:42,505
ESPECIALLY TRANSMISSIBILITY, ARE

3483
02:18:42,505 --> 02:18:49,078
YOU GOING TO DO CHIMERIC WORK TO

3484
02:18:49,078 --> 02:18:49,845
TEASE OUT AND IDENTIFY, THESE

3485
02:18:49,845 --> 02:18:51,047
ARE THE QUESTIONS TO ADDRESS

3486
02:18:51,047 --> 02:18:51,714
GOING FORWARD.

3487
02:18:51,714 --> 02:18:53,015
WE DON'T HAVE TIME NOW TO TALK

3488
02:18:53,015 --> 02:18:56,519
ABOUT EACH OF THOSE BUT I WOULD

3489
02:18:56,519 --> 02:18:58,020
HOPE THE NSABB STARTS LOOKING

3490
02:18:58,020 --> 02:19:00,389
FOR SERIOUSLY AT THAT AS IT

3491
02:19:00,389 --> 02:19:00,723
RECONVENES.

3492
02:19:00,723 --> 02:19:02,625
THANK YOU.

3493
02:19:02,625 --> 02:19:03,292
>> THANK YOU.

3494
02:19:03,292 --> 02:19:05,695
REALLY GOOD POINTS.

3495
02:19:05,695 --> 02:19:07,763
WE NEED YOUR LIST TO KEEP IN

3496
02:19:07,763 --> 02:19:10,233
MIND AS WE GO FORWARD WITH ANY

3497
02:19:10,233 --> 02:19:12,535
REVISIONS AND UPDATES TO THE

3498
02:19:12,535 --> 02:19:14,537
CURRENT POLICY BECAUSE I THINK

3499
02:19:14,537 --> 02:19:16,739
WHAT YOU'VE IDENTIFIED BASED ON

3500
02:19:16,739 --> 02:19:19,141
WHAT SIMON HAS SHOWN TO BE THIS

3501
02:19:19,141 --> 02:19:22,378
GRAY AREA IS REALLY IMPORTANT 

3502
02:19:22,378 --> 02:19:24,947
THAT WE CAPTURE THAT.

3503
02:19:24,947 --> 02:19:28,551
WE'RE PERFECT ON TIME, GIVEN AN

3504
02:19:28,551 --> 02:19:31,087
EXTRA FEW MINUTES.

3505
02:19:31,087 --> 02:19:41,163
I SEE LYRIC JORGENSON BACK ON.

3506
02:19:41,163 --> 02:19:42,231
>> THANK YOU.

3507
02:19:42,231 --> 02:19:44,000
BEFORE WE BEGIN, I WOULD LIKE TO

3508
02:19:44,000 --> 02:19:46,535
OPEN UP THE FLOOR FOR THE PUBLIC

3509
02:19:46,535 --> 02:19:48,271
COMMENT PORTION OF THE MEETING.

3510
02:19:48,271 --> 02:19:50,139
WE'RE WORKING TO FIGURE OUT WAYS

3511
02:19:50,139 --> 02:19:54,644
TO ENGAGE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE

3512
02:19:54,644 --> 02:19:56,379
CONVERSATION, EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT

3513
02:19:56,379 --> 02:19:57,079
PROVIDING PUBLIC COMMENT DURING

3514
02:19:57,079 --> 02:19:58,581
THIS PORTION OF THE MIDEASTING

3515
02:19:58,581 --> 02:20:03,152
WE WELCOME OUR COMMENTS AT ANY

3516
02:20:03,152 --> 02:20:05,388
TIME IN WE WELCOME YOUR COMMENTS

3517
02:20:05,388 --> 02:20:06,155
THROUGH OUR SITE.

3518
02:20:06,155 --> 02:20:08,891
THIS IS NOT THE ONLY THING WE'RE

3519
02:20:08,891 --> 02:20:09,425
SEEKING COMMENTS.

3520
02:20:09,425 --> 02:20:13,496
AT ANY MOMENT IN TIME WE'RE

3521
02:20:13,496 --> 02:20:15,998
LOOKING THEM.

3522
02:20:15,998 --> 02:20:18,301
BEFORE WE START LET'S TURN THIS

3523
02:20:18,301 --> 02:20:23,372
OVER TO CARLY SULLIVAN, TEAM AT

3524
02:20:23,372 --> 02:20:24,674
PALLADIAN, MODERATING THIS

3525
02:20:24,674 --> 02:20:25,274
PORTION.

3526
02:20:25,274 --> 02:20:26,275
TAKE IT AWAY.

3527
02:20:26,275 --> 02:20:28,311
>> THANK YOU.

3528
02:20:28,311 --> 02:20:33,215
WE HAVE ADMITTED PUBLIC 

3529
02:20:33,215 --> 02:20:33,516
COMMENTERS.

3530
02:20:33,516 --> 02:20:34,817
RICHARD IS FIRST.

3531
02:20:34,817 --> 02:20:36,886
WE'LL HAVE A TIMER SET.

3532
02:20:36,886 --> 02:20:38,220
WE'LL START THAT WHEN YOU'RE

3533
02:20:38,220 --> 02:20:40,289
READY TO GIVE YOUR FIRST

3534
02:20:40,289 --> 02:20:41,324
COMMENT, THREE MINUTES.

3535
02:20:41,324 --> 02:20:44,427
YOU'LL BE ABLE TO SEE THAT ON

3536
02:20:44,427 --> 02:20:46,529
THE SCREEN, AS A ZOOM SQUARE.

3537
02:20:46,529 --> 02:20:48,497
WHEN THE TIMER IS COMPLETE,

3538
02:20:48,497 --> 02:20:50,533
PLEASE WRAP UP YOUR COMMENTS.

3539
02:20:50,533 --> 02:20:54,270
OTHER THAN THAT I WILL HAVE

3540
02:20:54,270 --> 02:20:56,038
RICHARD UNMUTE AND TAKE THE

3541
02:20:56,038 --> 02:20:56,238
FLOOR.

3542
02:20:56,238 --> 02:20:57,807
WE CAN START THE TIMER.

3543
02:20:57,807 --> 02:21:00,543
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY

3544
02:21:00,543 --> 02:21:03,946
TO COMMENT.

3545
02:21:03,946 --> 02:21:05,381
LAPSES IN OVERSIGHT MAY HAVE

3546
02:21:05,381 --> 02:21:08,384
CAUSED THE CURRENT PANDEMIC AND

3547
02:21:08,384 --> 02:21:10,186
COULD CAUSE FUTURE PANDEMICS.

3548
02:21:10,186 --> 02:21:12,922
U.S. GOVERNMENT FUNDED HIGH RISK

3549
02:21:12,922 --> 02:21:14,924
DUAL USE VIRUS DISCOVERY

3550
02:21:14,924 --> 02:21:16,125
RESEARCH, HIGH RISK DUAL USE

3551
02:21:16,125 --> 02:21:18,627
GAIN OF FUNCTION RESEARCH OF

3552
02:21:18,627 --> 02:21:21,263
CONCERN AND ENHANCED POTENTIAL

3553
02:21:21,263 --> 02:21:24,633
PANDEMIC RESEARCH AT WUHAN

3554
02:21:24,633 --> 02:21:29,472
INSTITUTE IN 2016 THROUGH 2019.

3555
02:21:29,472 --> 02:21:32,975
THE RESEARCH  OVERLAPPED THE

3556
02:21:32,975 --> 02:21:35,511
PAUSE AND MET CRITERIA TO BE

3557
02:21:35,511 --> 02:21:39,348
PAUSED BUT WAS NOT PAUSED.

3558
02:21:39,348 --> 02:21:43,052
RESEARCH OVERLAPPED FRAMEWORK

3559
02:21:43,052 --> 02:21:48,524
INVOLVING ENHANCED PANDEMIC 

3560
02:21:48,524 --> 02:21:58,300
PATHOGENS THAT MET  THE CITE.

3561
02:21:58,300 --> 02:22:02,338
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 IS INADEQUATE,

3562
02:22:02,338 --> 02:22:07,076
MAY HAVE ENCOUNTERED OR CREATED

3563
02:22:07,076 --> 02:22:07,943
SARS-COV-2 OR PROXIMAL

3564
02:22:07,943 --> 02:22:09,045
PROGENITOR, AN ACCIDENT MAY HAVE

3565
02:22:09,045 --> 02:22:12,114
BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR ENTRY OF

3566
02:22:12,114 --> 02:22:13,549
SARS-COV-2 INTO THE HUMAN

3567
02:22:13,549 --> 02:22:13,849
POPULATION.

3568
02:22:13,849 --> 02:22:16,585
THESE FACTS AND THESE STATEMENTS

3569
02:22:16,585 --> 02:22:17,820
ARE FACTS, INDICTMENT OF THE

3570
02:22:17,820 --> 02:22:19,355
CURRENT SYSTEM OF OVERSIGHT OF

3571
02:22:19,355 --> 02:22:20,990
DUAL USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN AND

3572
02:22:20,990 --> 02:22:23,959
ARE A TESTAMENT THAT NEW SYSTEM

3573
02:22:23,959 --> 02:22:27,363
OF OVERSIGHT IS ESSENTIAL.

3574
02:22:27,363 --> 02:22:28,664
MOVING FORWARD ANY EFFECTIVE

3575
02:22:28,664 --> 02:22:31,700
SYSTEM OF DUAL USE RESEARCH OF

3576
02:22:31,700 --> 02:22:34,236
CONCERN MUST ADDRESS FIVE

3577
02:22:34,236 --> 02:22:34,837
SHORTCOMINGS.

3578
02:22:34,837 --> 02:22:35,905
FIRST, CURRENT FEDERAL OVERSIGHT

3579
02:22:35,905 --> 02:22:37,406
OF DUAL USE RESEARCH IS

3580
02:22:37,406 --> 02:22:44,947
PERFORMED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES.

3581
02:22:44,947 --> 02:22:45,915
RESPONSIBILITIES SHOULD BE

3582
02:22:45,915 --> 02:22:47,683
ASSIGNED TO A SINGLE AGENCY THAT

3583
02:22:47,683 --> 02:22:49,919
DOES NOT PERFORM RESEARCH AND

3584
02:22:49,919 --> 02:22:51,854
DOES NOT FUND RESEARCH.

3585
02:22:51,854 --> 02:22:54,657
SECOND, CURRENTLY ALMOST NO DUAL

3586
02:22:54,657 --> 02:22:56,892
USE RESEARCH EVER CONCERN EVEN

3587
02:22:56,892 --> 02:22:58,861
VERY HIGH RISK IS REVIEWED AT

3588
02:22:58,861 --> 02:23:00,362
THE FEDERAL LEVEL.

3589
02:23:00,362 --> 02:23:02,898
FOR REFERENCE IN THE SIX YEARS

3590
02:23:02,898 --> 02:23:05,201
SINCE THE P3CO FRAMEWORK ONLY

3591
02:23:05,201 --> 02:23:06,769
THREE PROJECTS UNDERWENT FEDERAL

3592
02:23:06,769 --> 02:23:08,704
LEVEL RISK/BENEFIT REVIEW.

3593
02:23:08,704 --> 02:23:09,572
OTHER HIGH RISK PROJECTS

3594
02:23:09,572 --> 02:23:11,807
INCLUDING THOSE IN WUHAN DID NOT

3595
02:23:11,807 --> 02:23:13,409
UNDERGO FEDERAL LEVEL

3596
02:23:13,409 --> 02:23:14,710
RISK/BENEFIT REVIEW.

3597
02:23:14,710 --> 02:23:15,911
INSTEAD, CURRENTLY REVIEW IS

3598
02:23:15,911 --> 02:23:22,918
DELEGATED TO RESEARCHERS AND

3599
02:23:22,918 --> 02:23:27,656
INSTITUTIONS, CONFLICT OF 

3600
02:23:27,656 --> 02:23:29,058
INTEREST, DIFFICULT TO ENSURE

3601
02:23:29,058 --> 02:23:30,893
NATIONAL SECURITY ARE ADDRESSED.

3602
02:23:30,893 --> 02:23:34,096
THE ENTIRE HIGH RISK SUBSET OF

3603
02:23:34,096 --> 02:23:35,865
DUAL USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN

3604
02:23:35,865 --> 02:23:38,134
MUST BE REVIEWED AT THE FEDERAL

3605
02:23:38,134 --> 02:23:38,901
LEVEL.

3606
02:23:38,901 --> 02:23:40,136
THIRD, CURRENT LIST OF 15

3607
02:23:40,136 --> 02:23:43,639
PATHOGENS SUBJECT TO DUAL USE

3608
02:23:43,639 --> 02:23:54,016
RESEARCH OF CONCERN IS

3609
02:23:54,650 --> 02:23:56,919
INCOMPLETE, DOES NOT INCLUDE

3610
02:23:56,919 --> 02:23:57,453
CORONAVIRUS.

3611
02:23:57,453 --> 02:23:58,654
FOURTH, ONLY FEDERAL FUNDING,

3612
02:23:58,654 --> 02:24:00,422
THOSE NOT RECEIVING FUNDING  ARE

3613
02:24:00,422 --> 02:24:10,966
NOT COVERED, IT SHOULD COVER ALL

3614
02:24:11,200 --> 02:24:11,767
INSTITUTIONS.

3615
02:24:11,767 --> 02:24:13,002
MOVING FORWARD OVERSIGHT AND

3616
02:24:13,002 --> 02:24:15,104
COMPLIANCE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH

3617
02:24:15,104 --> 02:24:18,641
OF CONCERN SHOULD BE CODIFIED 

3618
02:24:18,641 --> 02:24:21,911
WITH FORCE OF LAW.

3619
02:24:21,911 --> 02:24:24,513
COMPLIANCE FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS

3620
02:24:24,513 --> 02:24:26,315
RESEARCH ALREADY ARE CODIFIED IN

3621
02:24:26,315 --> 02:24:29,418
REGULATIONS WITH FORCE OF LAW.

3622
02:24:29,418 --> 02:24:31,287
THANK YOU.

3623
02:24:31,287 --> 02:24:37,026
THANK YOU, NEXT WE HAVE
DAVID

3624
02:24:37,026 --> 02:24:38,827
LOVECCHIO, YOU'RE FREE TO

3625
02:24:38,827 --> 02:24:39,094
UNMUTE.

3626
02:24:39,094 --> 02:24:40,496
R. AND START.

3627
02:24:40,496 --> 02:24:42,998
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY

3628
02:24:42,998 --> 02:24:44,700
TO SPEAK.

3629
02:24:44,700 --> 02:24:49,038
CAN YOU HEAR ME? 

3630
02:24:49,038 --> 02:24:50,039
>> YES.

3631
02:24:50,039 --> 02:24:50,973
>> OKAY.

3632
02:24:50,973 --> 02:24:52,875
>> IN MAY 2010 YouTube

3633
02:24:52,875 --> 02:24:55,511
VIDEO, DUAL USE RESEARCH OF

3634
02:24:55,511 --> 02:25:00,015
CONCERN, A DIALOGUE, JONATHAN

3635
02:25:00,015 --> 02:25:01,850
TRUCKER, Ph.D., SAID THE CASE

3636
02:25:01,850 --> 02:25:04,253
OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS THERE WAS

3637
02:25:04,253 --> 02:25:05,821
ICONIC MOMENT, MUSHROOM CLOUD

3638
02:25:05,821 --> 02:25:08,857
THAT MADE IT CLEAR THAT THEIR

3639
02:25:08,857 --> 02:25:10,092
WORK ARE SECURITY IMPLICATIONS,

3640
02:25:10,092 --> 02:25:11,760
THERE'S BEEN NO COMPARABLE

3641
02:25:11,760 --> 02:25:13,062
EXPERIENCE FOR LIFE SCIENCE.

3642
02:25:13,062 --> 02:25:16,899
I WOULD SAY THAT'S NO LONGER THE

3643
02:25:16,899 --> 02:25:18,400
CASE.

3644
02:25:18,400 --> 02:25:20,402
AND I WOULD SUGGEST THAT IN

3645
02:25:20,402 --> 02:25:21,237
ADDITION TO EVERYTHING THAT

3646
02:25:21,237 --> 02:25:25,107
RICHARD SAID WHICH I WOULD ECHO

3647
02:25:25,107 --> 02:25:32,114
I WOULD SAY ANY RESEARCH BEING

3648
02:25:32,114 --> 02:25:40,022
DONE WITH ENHANCED  PATHOGEN 

3649
02:25:40,022 --> 02:25:41,323
LIKE MERS SHOULD BE

3650
02:25:41,323 --> 02:25:43,025
CONSIDERED -- CONSIDER MOVING TO

3651
02:25:43,025 --> 02:25:44,593
ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT AND NOT

3652
02:25:44,593 --> 02:25:47,329
HAVE THAT RESEARCH TAKE PLACE IN

3653
02:25:47,329 --> 02:25:49,999
A DENSELY POPULATED CITY WITH AN

3654
02:25:49,999 --> 02:25:50,766
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.

3655
02:25:50,766 --> 02:25:53,435
I THINK THAT WOULD BE A GREAT

3656
02:25:53,435 --> 02:25:54,503
REASSURANCE TO THE PUBLIC THAT'S

3657
02:25:54,503 --> 02:25:55,571
CONCERNED ABOUT THIS SORT OF

3658
02:25:55,571 --> 02:25:58,140
WORK AND AS A MEMBER OF THE

3659
02:25:58,140 --> 02:26:02,778
PUBLIC I INCLUDE MYSELF IN THAT

3660
02:26:02,778 --> 02:26:03,045
CATEGORY.

3661
02:26:03,045 --> 02:26:05,781
I THINK THAT THERE WAS A MENTION

3662
02:26:05,781 --> 02:26:07,182
ABOUT EXEMPTION TO MORATORIUM

3663
02:26:07,182 --> 02:26:12,187
INFLUENCED BY OBAMA ON GAIN OF

3664
02:26:12,187 --> 02:26:12,921
FUNCTION RESEARCH, FOR

3665
02:26:12,921 --> 02:26:14,690
ECO-HEALTH ALLIANCE AND I THINK

3666
02:26:14,690 --> 02:26:18,227
IN THAT CASE THAT THE CONTRACTOR

3667
02:26:18,227 --> 02:26:19,962
ECO-HEALTH WAS ALLOWED TO CRAFT

3668
02:26:19,962 --> 02:26:22,598
LANGUAGE USED TO BE PUT INTO THE

3669
02:26:22,598 --> 02:26:24,233
CONTRACT TO ALLOW THE EXEMPTION,

3670
02:26:24,233 --> 02:26:26,001
I DON'T THINK THAT SHOULD REALLY

3671
02:26:26,001 --> 02:26:28,604
EVER BE THE CASE AND I THINK

3672
02:26:28,604 --> 02:26:31,040
THAT IF THAT HAS BEEN DONE, AND

3673
02:26:31,040 --> 02:26:33,008
THIS SHOULD APPLY TO YOU IN ANY

3674
02:26:33,008 --> 02:26:35,844
CASE WHETHER THAT'S DONE OR NOT,

3675
02:26:35,844 --> 02:26:37,913
THAT A FAILURE TO MEET

3676
02:26:37,913 --> 02:26:41,050
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION SHOULD

3677
02:26:41,050 --> 02:26:42,251
HAVE REPERCUSSIONS.

3678
02:26:42,251 --> 02:26:46,488
AND WHEN YOU GET A LOGARITHMIC

3679
02:26:46,488 --> 02:26:48,791
GROWTH THAT WOULD REQUIRE YOU TO

3680
02:26:48,791 --> 02:26:51,093
REPORT AND YOU DON'T, THERE

3681
02:26:51,093 --> 02:26:55,698
SHOULD BE CONSEQUENCES FOR THAT.

3682
02:26:55,698 --> 02:26:57,332
ASIDE FROM THAT, AS A MEMBER OF

3683
02:26:57,332 --> 02:26:59,535
THE PUBLIC, WITH AN OPPORTUNITY

3684
02:26:59,535 --> 02:27:02,037
TO COMMENT ON THIS, I DON'T KNOW

3685
02:27:02,037 --> 02:27:04,473
WHAT THE FEEDBACK MECHANISM IS

3686
02:27:04,473 --> 02:27:07,976
FOR WHETHER MY COMMENTS HAVE HAD

3687
02:27:07,976 --> 02:27:10,913
ANY SORT OF IMPACT OR IF THERE'S

3688
02:27:10,913 --> 02:27:12,681
ANY -- I DON'T KNOW WHAT IS

3689
02:27:12,681 --> 02:27:12,881
DONE.

3690
02:27:12,881 --> 02:27:14,850
AM I JUST TALKING INTO A CHASM

3691
02:27:14,850 --> 02:27:16,285
AND NOTHING COMES FROM IT?

3692
02:27:16,285 --> 02:27:18,687
I THINK THERE SHOULD BE SOME WAY

3693
02:27:18,687 --> 02:27:20,122
OF KNOWING THAT THESE COMMENTS

3694
02:27:20,122 --> 02:27:21,757
HAVE BEEN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.

3695
02:27:21,757 --> 02:27:24,560
I WOULD LIKE TO ASK IF ANY

3696
02:27:24,560 --> 02:27:26,095
PUBLIC COMMENT BEFORE IN A

3697
02:27:26,095 --> 02:27:28,997
SESSION LIKE THIS HAS HAD IMPACT

3698
02:27:28,997 --> 02:27:30,165
ON POLICY THAT'S BEEN CRAFTED.

3699
02:27:30,165 --> 02:27:32,568
IT WOULD BE GOOD TO KNOW WE'RE

3700
02:27:32,568 --> 02:27:36,638
NOT JUST INVITED TO VENT.

3701
02:27:36,638 --> 02:27:38,507
AND THAT'S THE EXTENT OF MY

3702
02:27:38,507 --> 02:27:40,242
TIME. 

3703
02:27:40,242 --> 02:27:44,313
SO THANK YOU. 

3704
02:27:44,313 --> 02:27:48,684
>> THANK YOU.

3705
02:27:48,684 --> 02:27:50,352
AND NEXT WE HAVE ANTHONY, I SAW

3706
02:27:50,352 --> 02:27:52,154
YOU ON THE LINE.

3707
02:27:52,154 --> 02:27:53,689
WE CAN RESTART YOUR TIMER AND

3708
02:27:53,689 --> 02:28:00,696
YOU ARE FREE TO COME ON CAMERA

3709
02:28:00,696 --> 02:28:03,899
AND SPEAK. 

3710
02:28:03,899 --> 02:28:06,168
>> AM I ON CAMERA?

3711
02:28:06,168 --> 02:28:08,570
>> PERFECT, YES.

3712
02:28:08,570 --> 02:28:13,142
>> SO WE NORMALLY THINK OF
LAB

3713
02:28:13,142 --> 02:28:15,744
WORK, IMPORTANT STUFF, BUT

3714
02:28:15,744 --> 02:28:18,313
COVID-19 HAS KILLED 20 MILLION

3715
02:28:18,313 --> 02:28:21,750
PEOPLE. 

3716
02:28:21,750 --> 02:28:24,453
IT'S A GLOBAL DISASTER.

3717
02:28:24,453 --> 02:28:27,389
AS A RESULT WE DO NOT MEET

3718
02:28:27,389 --> 02:28:32,227
BINARY REQUIREMENTS FOR LAB

3719
02:28:32,227 --> 02:28:34,196
RESEARCH, WHAT'S REQUIRED IS

3720
02:28:34,196 --> 02:28:36,498
COMPLETE OVERHAUL OF HOW

3721
02:28:36,498 --> 02:28:38,100
RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED INVOLVING

3722
02:28:38,100 --> 02:28:45,874
MANDATORY AND PUBLIC EXTERNAL

3723
02:28:45,874 --> 02:28:46,108
REVIEWS.

3724
02:28:46,108 --> 02:28:46,942
CONSIDER THIS.

3725
02:28:46,942 --> 02:28:48,844
HUMANITY WILL BE MUCH BETTER OFF

3726
02:28:48,844 --> 02:28:52,381
IF THERE HAD BEEN ZERO RESEARCH

3727
02:28:52,381 --> 02:28:53,482
IN VIROLOGY OVER THE LAST 20

3728
02:28:53,482 --> 02:28:55,184
YEARS, NONE OF THE BENEFITS

3729
02:28:55,184 --> 02:28:57,085
COMES CLOSE TO MATCHING THE

3730
02:28:57,085 --> 02:28:59,922
MASSIVE DISASTER THAT IS

3731
02:28:59,922 --> 02:29:00,456
COVID-19.

3732
02:29:00,456 --> 02:29:03,759
SO ZERO RESEARCH WOULD BE BETTER

3733
02:29:03,759 --> 02:29:05,494
THAN COVID-19.

3734
02:29:05,494 --> 02:29:07,496
THAT SOUNDS RADICAL BUT QUITE

3735
02:29:07,496 --> 02:29:08,030
TRUE.

3736
02:29:08,030 --> 02:29:09,998
FURTHER, SEARCHING FOR UNKNOWN

3737
02:29:09,998 --> 02:29:11,767
VIRUSES PROVIDED NO HELP IN

3738
02:29:11,767 --> 02:29:13,635
DEALING WITH THE PANDEMIC.

3739
02:29:13,635 --> 02:29:15,904
THE POLITICAL WINDS ARE

3740
02:29:15,904 --> 02:29:16,171
SHIFTING.

3741
02:29:16,171 --> 02:29:21,043
ANY FAIR INVESTIGATION OF THE

3742
02:29:21,043 --> 02:29:22,144
ORIGINS OF COVID-19, SARS 2

3743
02:29:22,144 --> 02:29:26,615
APPEARED IN A CITY IN CHINA, THE

3744
02:29:26,615 --> 02:29:28,150
WORLD'S LEADING LABORATORY FOR

3745
02:29:28,150 --> 02:29:30,018
THE BAT CORONAVIRUS, THE CITY IS

3746
02:29:30,018 --> 02:29:32,087
A THOUSAND MILES FROM RELEVANT

3747
02:29:32,087 --> 02:29:35,157
BATS, NO OTHER SOURCE THAT BE

3748
02:29:35,157 --> 02:29:37,326
IDENTIFIED DESPITE RESEARCH.

3749
02:29:37,326 --> 02:29:40,362
THE LABORATORY EVEN HAD A

3750
02:29:40,362 --> 02:29:44,233
RESEARCH PROPOSAL TO WRITE A

3751
02:29:44,233 --> 02:29:47,269
NOVEL SITE TO CORONAVIRUS, THE

3752
02:29:47,269 --> 02:29:50,205
LAB BECAME SECRETIVE AND

3753
02:29:50,205 --> 02:29:52,774
DESTROYED EVIDENCE.

3754
02:29:52,774 --> 02:29:54,409
COMMON SENSE SAYS IT WAS

3755
02:29:54,409 --> 02:29:55,944
OBVIOUSLY A LAB LEAK, PEOPLE ARE

3756
02:29:55,944 --> 02:29:57,913
TRYING TO BE POLITICALLY

3757
02:29:57,913 --> 02:29:59,982
CORRECT, OBVIOUSLY A LAB LEAK

3758
02:29:59,982 --> 02:30:00,949
BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT,

3759
02:30:00,949 --> 02:30:02,284
CERTAINLY TO THE MEMBERS OF THE

3760
02:30:02,284 --> 02:30:04,253
PUBLIC LIKE MYSELF.

3761
02:30:04,253 --> 02:30:06,355
IF THE BECOMES WIDELY ACCEPTED

3762
02:30:06,355 --> 02:30:07,956
THERE WILL BE OUTRAGE.

3763
02:30:07,956 --> 02:30:08,824
I WOULD ADVISE SCIENTIFIC

3764
02:30:08,824 --> 02:30:11,260
COMMUNITY TO ADDRESS THIS BEFORE

3765
02:30:11,260 --> 02:30:12,327
THAT HAPPENS.

3766
02:30:12,327 --> 02:30:15,831
NOT JUST FUNDING IN THE USA BUT

3767
02:30:15,831 --> 02:30:17,199
ALL RESEARCH GLOBALLY.

3768
02:30:17,199 --> 02:30:19,334
SARS 2 WAS RELATIVELY MILD.

3769
02:30:19,334 --> 02:30:21,837
IMAGINE AN EQUALLY CONTAGIOUS

3770
02:30:21,837 --> 02:30:26,675
VIRUS WITH A LONG  INCUBATION

3771
02:30:26,675 --> 02:30:28,210
APPEARED THAT ATTACKED THE

3772
02:30:28,210 --> 02:30:29,945
IMMUNE SYSTEM, A WONDERFUL

3773
02:30:29,945 --> 02:30:30,445
RESEARCH PROBLEM.

3774
02:30:30,445 --> 02:30:32,681
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE A

3775
02:30:32,681 --> 02:30:34,750
FEW YEARS AGO BUT TODAY THERE

3776
02:30:34,750 --> 02:30:37,920
ARE THOUSANDS OF RESEARCHERS

3777
02:30:37,920 --> 02:30:39,388
THAT HAVE ACCESS AND EQUIPMENT

3778
02:30:39,388 --> 02:30:42,424
TO PRODUCE SUCH A VIRUS, IT MUST

3779
02:30:42,424 --> 02:30:43,392
BE TIGHTLY CONTROLLED.

3780
02:30:43,392 --> 02:30:45,394
WE DO NOT WANT THIS TO HAPPEN

3781
02:30:45,394 --> 02:30:45,594
AGAIN.

3782
02:30:45,594 --> 02:30:47,029
THIS IS IMPORTANT.

3783
02:30:47,029 --> 02:30:47,796
AND URGENT.

3784
02:30:47,796 --> 02:30:51,566
I DON'T GET THAT SENSE OF

3785
02:30:51,566 --> 02:30:59,308
URGENCY FROM COMMENTS OF OTHER

3786
02:30:59,308 --> 02:31:02,711
VIROLOGISTS. 

3787
02:31:02,711 --> 02:31:03,979
THIS MAJOR DISASTER REQUIRES

3788
02:31:03,979 --> 02:31:04,580
MAJOR REFORM.

3789
02:31:04,580 --> 02:31:06,882
THANK YOU.

3790
02:31:06,882 --> 02:31:08,951
>> WE NOW HAVE AARON JONES
ON

3791
02:31:08,951 --> 02:31:10,819
THE LINE, YOU ARE NEXT IF YOU'D

3792
02:31:10,819 --> 02:31:12,654
LIKE TO UNMUTE AND COME ON

3793
02:31:12,654 --> 02:31:13,221
CAMERA.

3794
02:31:13,221 --> 02:31:23,732
WE'LL START THE TIMER FOR YOU.

3795
02:31:24,232 --> 02:31:30,606
DO WE HAVE AARON JONES?

3796
02:31:30,606 --> 02:31:32,074
>> HELLO?

3797
02:31:32,074 --> 02:31:32,507
CAN YOU HEAR ME?

3798
02:31:32,507 --> 02:31:35,210
>> YES.

3799
02:31:35,210 --> 02:31:36,078
>> ALL RIGHT.

3800
02:31:36,078 --> 02:31:36,345
>> GREAT.

3801
02:31:36,345 --> 02:31:37,045
THANK YOU.

3802
02:31:37,045 --> 02:31:41,550
I JUST HAD A COUPLE COMMENTS

3803
02:31:41,550 --> 02:31:46,922
ABOUT THE MENTION OF DURC.

3804
02:31:46,922 --> 02:31:49,858
FIRST, THE CONCERN ASPECT, WHEN

3805
02:31:49,858 --> 02:31:52,260
THE CONCERN COMES TO THE FRONT I

3806
02:31:52,260 --> 02:31:58,200
THINK THAT IT SHOULD INCLUDE A

3807
02:31:58,200 --> 02:31:59,434
DEMOGRAPHIC CONCERN, INCLUDING

3808
02:31:59,434 --> 02:32:02,904
THOSE THAT ARE IRRATIONAL.

3809
02:32:02,904 --> 02:32:11,313
FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE E.U. WE SEE

3810
02:32:11,313 --> 02:32:15,384
THAT GMOs ARE REGULATED, NOT

3811
02:32:15,384 --> 02:32:17,119
BY SCIENTIFIC CONCERN BUT BY

3812
02:32:17,119 --> 02:32:18,220
CONCERNS FROM THE GENERAL

3813
02:32:18,220 --> 02:32:18,887
PUBLIC.

3814
02:32:18,887 --> 02:32:29,398
IN THE SAME WAY, I THINK THAT

3815
02:32:30,165 --> 02:32:32,567
CONCERNS ABOUT -- HELLO?

3816
02:32:32,567 --> 02:32:33,535
CHECK CHECK.

3817
02:32:33,535 --> 02:32:36,204
>> YES, WE CAN STILL HEAR
YOU.

3818
02:32:36,204 --> 02:32:36,571
>> OKAY, YEAH.

3819
02:32:36,571 --> 02:32:39,041
IN THE SAME WAY I THINK THE

3820
02:32:39,041 --> 02:32:42,210
CONCERNS ABOUT GAIN OF FUNCTION

3821
02:32:42,210 --> 02:32:44,513
EXPERIMENTS, ET CETERA, SHOULD

3822
02:32:44,513 --> 02:32:47,682
BE AN ISSUE, EVEN IF THEY ARE

3823
02:32:47,682 --> 02:32:49,117
NOT SCIENTIFIC BUT ARE CONCERNS

3824
02:32:49,117 --> 02:32:51,486
FROM THE GENERAL PUBLIC, WHICH

3825
02:32:51,486 --> 02:32:56,291
WE SEE AS A MAJOR CONCERN OVER

3826
02:32:56,291 --> 02:32:59,695
THE LAST TWO YEARS.

3827
02:32:59,695 --> 02:33:01,363
SO, THERE'S THAT.

3828
02:33:01,363 --> 02:33:08,270
AND SECOND OF ALL, I THINK THAT

3829
02:33:08,270 --> 02:33:11,573
THE DEFINITION OF GAIN OF

3830
02:33:11,573 --> 02:33:20,182
FUNCTION AND DURC DOES NOT

3831
02:33:20,182 --> 02:33:23,819
INCLUDE EXPERIMENTS THAT, FOR

3832
02:33:23,819 --> 02:33:29,491
EXAMPLE, AMPLIFY A REALLY SMALL

3833
02:33:29,491 --> 02:33:38,633
HAPLOTYPE OR WHATEVER IT IS, A 

3834
02:33:38,633 --> 02:33:49,177
REALLY SMALL VARIANT THAT -- SO,

3835
02:33:50,045 --> 02:33:55,250
FOR EXAMPLE, DROSTIN IN EUROPE 

3836
02:33:55,250 --> 02:34:03,091
FOUND THAT THERE WAS A SCS

3837
02:34:03,091 --> 02:34:09,664
POTENTIAL IN A VIRUS, AND IF HE 

3838
02:34:09,664 --> 02:34:14,503
WAS TO COPY THAT AND CREATE IT 

3839
02:34:14,503 --> 02:34:17,773
THAT WOULDN'T BE INCLUDED UNDER

3840
02:34:17,773 --> 02:34:21,376
DURC GUIDELINES BECAUSE IT'S

3841
02:34:21,376 --> 02:34:23,812
NATURAL. 

3842
02:34:23,812 --> 02:34:32,521
AND I'VE SEEN THIS IN

3843
02:34:32,521 --> 02:34:33,755
(INDISCERNIBLE) WHERE IF IT'S

3844
02:34:33,755 --> 02:34:37,692
NATURAL IT'S OKAY TO  AMPLIFY

3845
02:34:37,692 --> 02:34:38,794
IT.

3846
02:34:38,794 --> 02:34:43,498
THE THING IS AMPLIFICATION IS IN

3847
02:34:43,498 --> 02:34:53,842
ESSENCE DIFFERENT. 

3848
02:34:57,045 --> 02:34:57,813
>> THANK YOU.

3849
02:34:57,813 --> 02:34:59,781
YOUR TIMER HAS RUN OUT.

3850
02:34:59,781 --> 02:35:00,982
IF YOU HAVE CLOSING THOUGHTS

3851
02:35:00,982 --> 02:35:03,652
PLEASE WRAP UP AND WE'LL MOVE ON

3852
02:35:03,652 --> 02:35:06,454
TO THE NEXT COMMENTARY.

3853
02:35:06,454 --> 02:35:12,460
 

3854
02:35:12,460 --> 02:35:22,504
 

3855
02:35:26,007 --> 02:35:27,842
IF PAUL SYKES IS ON THE LINE,

3856
02:35:27,842 --> 02:35:29,778
PLEASE TURN ON YOUR CAMERA.

3857
02:35:29,778 --> 02:35:30,846
YOU'RE OUR FINAL COMMENTER.

3858
02:35:30,846 --> 02:35:32,113
UNMUTE YOURSELF AND WE'LL START

3859
02:35:32,113 --> 02:35:42,457
THE TIMER FOR YOU. 

3860
02:35:42,691 --> 02:35:44,559
>> THANKS FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY TO

3861
02:35:44,559 --> 02:35:48,797
MAKE A FEW COMMENTS.

3862
02:35:48,797 --> 02:35:52,968
I THINK FOR ME THIS PANDEMIC IS

3863
02:35:52,968 --> 02:35:57,138
THE GREATEST DISASTER IN THE

3864
02:35:57,138 --> 02:35:58,173
LAST CENTURY.

3865
02:35:58,173 --> 02:36:00,542
YOU KNOW, TRANSPARENCY FOR ME IS

3866
02:36:00,542 --> 02:36:03,044
THE KEY WHEN IT COMES TO THE

3867
02:36:03,044 --> 02:36:03,578
NIH.

3868
02:36:03,578 --> 02:36:09,284
THE NIH IS A PUBLICLY FUNDED

3869
02:36:09,284 --> 02:36:12,587
ORGANIZATION, WITH TAX MONEY 

3870
02:36:12,587 --> 02:36:14,022
FROM THE PUBLIC.

3871
02:36:14,022 --> 02:36:15,357
AND THE GOAL IS TO LOOK AFTER

3872
02:36:15,357 --> 02:36:18,493
THE HEALTH OF THE PUBLIC.

3873
02:36:18,493 --> 02:36:19,694
AND FOR ME, MOST IMPORTANT THING

3874
02:36:19,694 --> 02:36:23,632
AT THE MOMENT IS TO GET TO THE

3875
02:36:23,632 --> 02:36:28,870
BOTTOM OF THE ORIGINS OF THIS

3876
02:36:28,870 --> 02:36:29,170
VIRUS.

3877
02:36:29,170 --> 02:36:31,606
YOU KNOW, TRANSPARENCY IS KEY,

3878
02:36:31,606 --> 02:36:34,509
ESPECIALLY FOR AN ORGANIZATION

3879
02:36:34,509 --> 02:36:37,078
LIKE THE NIH, WE'RE GOING TO

3880
02:36:37,078 --> 02:36:41,716
LOOK BACK AT ALL THE INFORMATION

3881
02:36:41,716 --> 02:36:44,119
REQUESTS AND WHAT IS HAPPENING

3882
02:36:44,119 --> 02:36:46,888
AROUND THE TIME THE VIRUS

3883
02:36:46,888 --> 02:36:47,756
STARTED AROUND THE WORLD, AND

3884
02:36:47,756 --> 02:36:57,165
ALL WE GOT FROM THE NIH WAS A 

3885
02:36:57,165 --> 02:37:00,468
LOT OF REDACTED E-MAILS,

3886
02:37:00,468 --> 02:37:02,671
SCIENTISTS THAT WERE INVOLVED IN

3887
02:37:02,671 --> 02:37:06,107
DEVELOPING STRATEGY TO COMBAT

3888
02:37:06,107 --> 02:37:09,244
AND TO ADDRESS COVID DISCERN 

3889
02:37:09,244 --> 02:37:11,513
(INDISCERNIBLE) AROUND THE U.S.

3890
02:37:11,513 --> 02:37:13,515
AND WORLD, I HAVE SUSPICIONS WAS

3891
02:37:13,515 --> 02:37:18,453
MADE IN A LABORATORY IN THE 

3892
02:37:18,453 --> 02:37:20,388
WUHAN, AND SUBSEQUENT TO THAT

3893
02:37:20,388 --> 02:37:28,430
PUT OUT A STATEMENT CALLING IT

3894
02:37:28,430 --> 02:37:30,565
THE SUGGESTION THIS CAME OUT OF

3895
02:37:30,565 --> 02:37:34,235
A LAB IS A CONSPIRACY THEORY, I

3896
02:37:34,235 --> 02:37:44,746
THINK THAT'S  PAINTED THE  THE

3897
02:37:49,017 --> 02:37:52,420
VIROLOGY COMMUNITY IN A BAD

3898
02:37:52,420 --> 02:37:56,691
LIGHT, THAT PAPER THAT WAS

3899
02:37:56,691 --> 02:38:00,962
PUBLISHED, I JUST THINK IT'S

3900
02:38:00,962 --> 02:38:06,334
SHOCKING THE NIH HASN'T BEEN

3901
02:38:06,334 --> 02:38:09,070
TRANSPARENT. 

3902
02:38:09,070 --> 02:38:11,239
EVEN THE (INDISCERNIBLE)

3903
02:38:11,239 --> 02:38:16,077
REDACTED, WHAT IT IS, IT SPEAKS 

3904
02:38:16,077 --> 02:38:20,281
TO THE WHOLE ISSUE OF DUAL USE

3905
02:38:20,281 --> 02:38:25,553
RESEARCH, SUGGESTS THAT THE

3906
02:38:25,553 --> 02:38:26,421
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

3907
02:38:26,421 --> 02:38:27,288
(INDISCERNIBLE) ORGANIZATIONS

3908
02:38:27,288 --> 02:38:30,158
LIKE THE NIH HAVE BEEN USING

3909
02:38:30,158 --> 02:38:33,061
POTENTIALLY -- WE CAN ONLY

3910
02:38:33,061 --> 02:38:36,631
SPECULATE, USING THE NIH TO, YOU

3911
02:38:36,631 --> 02:38:40,668
KNOW, CONDUCT COVERT ACTIVITIES 

3912
02:38:40,668 --> 02:38:42,737
IN CHINA, WITHIN WUHAN,

3913
02:38:42,737 --> 02:38:43,972
(INDISCERNIBLE) AND I THINK IT'S

3914
02:38:43,972 --> 02:38:49,644
TIME FOR THE NIH TO COME CLEAN,

3915
02:38:49,644 --> 02:38:50,512
TO UNREDACT THOSE E-MAILS,

3916
02:38:50,512 --> 02:38:52,480
VENTILATE EVERYTHING AND GET IT

3917
02:38:52,480 --> 02:38:55,450
OUT IN THE OPEN AND SO WE

3918
02:38:55,450 --> 02:39:01,423
DON'T -- WE CAN AVOID THIS THING

3919
02:39:01,423 --> 02:39:01,823
HAPPENING AGAIN.

3920
02:39:01,823 --> 02:39:05,293
AS I SAID AT THE VERY BEGINNING,

3921
02:39:05,293 --> 02:39:07,162
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT CAUSED THIS

3922
02:39:07,162 --> 02:39:09,497
PANDEMIC, HOW ARE WE GOING TO

3923
02:39:09,497 --> 02:39:11,032
PREVENT THE NEXT ONE?

3924
02:39:11,032 --> 02:39:18,840
THE OTHER THING I DON'T THINK IS

3925
02:39:18,840 --> 02:39:21,042
ANY MERIT IS PROPOSED POURING

3926
02:39:21,042 --> 02:39:27,282
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS INTO

3927
02:39:27,282 --> 02:39:27,949
PREDICTIVE MODELS, SPENDING

3928
02:39:27,949 --> 02:39:30,785
MONEY ON GAIN OF FUNCTION

3929
02:39:30,785 --> 02:39:31,052
RESEARCH.

3930
02:39:31,052 --> 02:39:34,389
I DON'T BELIEVE GAIN OF FUNCTION

3931
02:39:34,389 --> 02:39:36,224
RESEARCH HAS ANY NARRATIVE

3932
02:39:36,224 --> 02:39:39,327
PREVENTING FUTURE PANDEMICS, FOR

3933
02:39:39,327 --> 02:39:41,296
ALL WE KNOW MAY CAUSE THE

3934
02:39:41,296 --> 02:39:42,297
CURRENT PANDEMIC.

3935
02:39:42,297 --> 02:39:45,033
SO I THINK THE NIH NEEDS TO BE

3936
02:39:45,033 --> 02:39:45,600
TRANSPARENT.

3937
02:39:45,600 --> 02:39:47,435
IT'S A PUBLIC ORGANIZATION,

3938
02:39:47,435 --> 02:39:50,305
FUNDED BY PUBLIC MONEY, AND WHY

3939
02:39:50,305 --> 02:39:54,676
SHOULD THEY BE ALLOWED TO HIDE

3940
02:39:54,676 --> 02:39:57,946
BEHIND REDACTED E-MAILS.

3941
02:39:57,946 --> 02:39:58,480
THOSE ARE MY COMMENTS.

3942
02:39:58,480 --> 02:40:00,248
I THINK THERE ARE LOTS OF

3943
02:40:00,248 --> 02:40:04,452
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST WITHIN THE

3944
02:40:04,452 --> 02:40:05,420
NIH.

3945
02:40:05,420 --> 02:40:09,124
THERE SHOULD BE AN INDEPENDENT

3946
02:40:09,124 --> 02:40:14,829
COMMITTEE OR AGENCY THAT LOOKS

3947
02:40:14,829 --> 02:40:18,233
INTO THESE -- THIS KIND OF

3948
02:40:18,233 --> 02:40:19,634
RESEARCH AND HOLDS THOSE

3949
02:40:19,634 --> 02:40:22,804
RESEARCHERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR WHAT

3950
02:40:22,804 --> 02:40:27,542
THEY DO AND AGREE WE NEED TO PUT

3951
02:40:27,542 --> 02:40:32,447
IN STRICTER GUIDELINES AND  NEED

3952
02:40:32,447 --> 02:40:34,716
TO BE MONITORED MORE VIGOROUSLY

3953
02:40:34,716 --> 02:40:35,650
SO THIS DOESN'T HAPPEN AGAIN.

3954
02:40:35,650 --> 02:40:37,152
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

3955
02:40:37,152 --> 02:40:38,353
>> THANK YOU, PAUL.

3956
02:40:38,353 --> 02:40:42,624
LYRIC, I'M GOING TO TURN IT BACK

3957
02:40:42,624 --> 02:40:44,192
TO YOU TO ANNOUNCE THE BREAK AND

3958
02:40:44,192 --> 02:40:46,261
GIVE US NEXT STEPS.

3959
02:40:46,261 --> 02:40:46,895
>> THANKS, CARLY.

3960
02:40:46,895 --> 02:40:48,530
THANK YOU TO EVERYONE WHO TOOK

3961
02:40:48,530 --> 02:40:49,864
THE TIME TO PROVIDE PUBLIC

3962
02:40:49,864 --> 02:40:52,467
COMMENTS TODAY.

3963
02:40:52,467 --> 02:40:53,835
YOUR THOUGHTS, PERSPECTIVES AND

3964
02:40:53,835 --> 02:40:54,569
OPINIONS ARE CRITICALLY

3965
02:40:54,569 --> 02:40:54,836
IMPORTANT.

3966
02:40:54,836 --> 02:40:56,004
WE DON'T HAVE TIME TO ADDRESS

3967
02:40:56,004 --> 02:40:56,971
ALL THE CONVERSATION TODAY, I

3968
02:40:56,971 --> 02:40:58,506
WOULD LOVE TO ADDRESS THE ONE

3969
02:40:58,506 --> 02:40:59,407
COMMENT ABOUT HOW PUBLIC

3970
02:40:59,407 --> 02:41:01,342
COMMENTS ARE USED IN THE POLICY

3971
02:41:01,342 --> 02:41:03,244
PROCESSES.

3972
02:41:03,244 --> 02:41:04,979
I KNOW THIS IS HAS BEEN AN

3973
02:41:04,979 --> 02:41:05,680
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION.

3974
02:41:05,680 --> 02:41:09,250
WIRE NOT SPEAKING INTO A VACUUM.

3975
02:41:09,250 --> 02:41:10,018
PUBLIC COMMENT IS INCORPORATED

3976
02:41:10,018 --> 02:41:14,389
INTO ALL WE DO AT NIH.

3977
02:41:14,389 --> 02:41:17,225
YOU'LL SEE WORK GOING OUT TO

3978
02:41:17,225 --> 02:41:18,459
ISSUE PUBLIC COMMENT, IN

3979
02:41:18,459 --> 02:41:19,194
POLICIES WE FORM THERE'S A

3980
02:41:19,194 --> 02:41:20,428
SECTION IN THE BEGINNING THAT

3981
02:41:20,428 --> 02:41:21,629
SAYS HERE'S WHAT WE HEARD FROM

3982
02:41:21,629 --> 02:41:23,064
YOU ALL, HERE IS HOW WE

3983
02:41:23,064 --> 02:41:25,033
ADDRESSED IT IN THE POLICY.

3984
02:41:25,033 --> 02:41:29,070
PLEASE REST ASSURED ALL PUBLIC

3985
02:41:29,070 --> 02:41:33,141
COMMENTS ARE CONSIDERED AND 

3986
02:41:33,141 --> 02:41:35,009
TAKEN SERIOUSLY REGARDLESS OF

3987
02:41:35,009 --> 02:41:35,643
PERSPECTIVE.

3988
02:41:35,643 --> 02:41:36,644
THANK YOU FOR TAKING TIME TO

3989
02:41:36,644 --> 02:41:37,445
SHARE THOUGHTS.

3990
02:41:37,445 --> 02:41:41,449
WE HAVE TIME FOR A BREAK.

3991
02:41:41,449 --> 02:41:43,217
I THANK CARLY FOR TAKING OVER

3992
02:41:43,217 --> 02:41:46,020
MODERATING THAT SESSION AND WE

3993
02:41:46,020 --> 02:41:48,990
WILL TAKE A BREAK UNTIL 3:05

3994
02:41:48,990 --> 02:41:52,093
WHERE WE'LL RESUME FOR THE FINAL

3995
02:41:52,093 --> 02:41:52,360
COMPONENT.

3996
02:41:52,360 --> 02:41:52,403
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

3997
02:41:52,403 --> 02:41:53,882
WELCOME BACK.

3998
02:41:53,882 --> 02:41:58,387
I WOULD LOVE TO SEE OUR THIRD

3999
02:41:58,387 --> 02:42:01,890
AND FINAL PANEL TODAY TURN ON

4000
02:42:01,890 --> 02:42:04,826
THE CAMERAS FOR THE FINAL

4001
02:42:04,826 --> 02:42:06,028
SESSION, THINKING ABOUT THE

4002
02:42:06,028 --> 02:42:06,261
FUTURE.

4003
02:42:06,261 --> 02:42:10,532
I'M DELIGHTED TO BE JOINED BY A

4004
02:42:10,532 --> 02:42:12,934
GREAT PANEL TODAY, DAVID GILLUM

4005
02:42:12,934 --> 02:42:15,470
HAS 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

4006
02:42:15,470 --> 02:42:17,105
LEADING SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE

4007
02:42:17,105 --> 02:42:18,640
ACTIVITIES AT SEVERAL ACADEMIC

4008
02:42:18,640 --> 02:42:21,176
RESEARCH TEACHING AND PUBLIC

4009
02:42:21,176 --> 02:42:22,010
SERVICE INSTITUTIONS.

4010
02:42:22,010 --> 02:42:26,415
ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT EVER 

4011
02:42:26,415 --> 02:42:27,816
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY,

4012
02:42:27,816 --> 02:42:29,785
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, ALSO

4013
02:42:29,785 --> 02:42:32,421
CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER WITH SAFETY

4014
02:42:32,421 --> 02:42:33,455
OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITY FOR

4015
02:42:33,455 --> 02:42:36,892
NEARLY 3,000 LABORATORIES,

4016
02:42:36,892 --> 02:42:42,164
SHOPS, STUDIOS, MAKERSPACES AND

4017
02:42:42,164 --> 02:42:43,365
MORE.

4018
02:42:43,365 --> 02:42:51,139
2020 PRESIDENT OF ABSA

4019
02:42:51,139 --> 02:42:51,473
INTERNATIONAL.

4020
02:42:51,473 --> 02:42:59,881
NEXT  DR. CHRIS VIGGIANI, OREGON

4021
02:42:59,881 --> 02:43:00,482
STATE UNIVERSITY, OVERSEEING

4022
02:43:00,482 --> 02:43:01,783
COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS.

4023
02:43:01,783 --> 02:43:03,318
PRIOR TO JOINING OSU CHRIS RAN

4024
02:43:03,318 --> 02:43:05,921
AND LED THE TEAM OF BIOSAFETY

4025
02:43:05,921 --> 02:43:08,557
AND BIOSECURITY POLICY AT NIH,

4026
02:43:08,557 --> 02:43:11,126
OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY,

4027
02:43:11,126 --> 02:43:17,299
EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE IN

4028
02:43:17,299 --> 02:43:20,736
LABORATORY SAFETY, SECURITY

4029
02:43:20,736 --> 02:43:22,804
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF NSABB.

4030
02:43:22,804 --> 02:43:27,743
FINAL SPEAKER IS DR. JENNIFER

4031
02:43:27,743 --> 02:43:28,343
KUZMA, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR

4032
02:43:28,343 --> 02:43:31,346
AT SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND

4033
02:43:31,346 --> 02:43:31,813
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS,

4034
02:43:31,813 --> 02:43:33,081
CO-FOUNDER AND CO-DIRECTOR OF

4035
02:43:33,081 --> 02:43:35,384
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY

4036
02:43:35,384 --> 02:43:37,686
CENTER, NORTH CAROLINA STATE

4037
02:43:37,686 --> 02:43:38,220
UNIVERSITY.

4038
02:43:38,220 --> 02:43:40,222
PRIOR TO HER POSITION WAS

4039
02:43:40,222 --> 02:43:41,556
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT HUMPHREY

4040
02:43:41,556 --> 02:43:43,959
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS,

4041
02:43:43,959 --> 02:43:47,229
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, STUDY

4042
02:43:47,229 --> 02:43:49,064
DIRECTOR AT NATIONAL ACADEMIES

4043
02:43:49,064 --> 02:43:52,234
OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND

4044
02:43:52,234 --> 02:43:55,103
MEDICINE, AND WAS AAAS RISK

4045
02:43:55,103 --> 02:43:57,305
POLICY FELLOW, USDA, WORKING IN

4046
02:43:57,305 --> 02:44:01,243
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR FOOD BORNE

4047
02:44:01,243 --> 02:44:01,510
PATHOGENS.

4048
02:44:01,510 --> 02:44:03,745
WE'RE DELIGHTED TO HAVE OUR

4049
02:44:03,745 --> 02:44:04,846
PANELISTS HERE.

4050
02:44:04,846 --> 02:44:10,152
I'LL START BY HEARING FROM

4051
02:44:10,152 --> 02:44:10,452
MR. GILLUM.

4052
02:44:10,452 --> 02:44:12,487
>> THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH
FOR

4053
02:44:12,487 --> 02:44:13,588
HAVING ME TODAY.

4054
02:44:13,588 --> 02:44:15,724
I FIRST WANT TO SAY I'M SORRY

4055
02:44:15,724 --> 02:44:17,325
WE'RE NOT IN PERSON.

4056
02:44:17,325 --> 02:44:19,795
BUT I ACTUALLY CAME DOWN WITH

4057
02:44:19,795 --> 02:44:21,029
SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN GOING

4058
02:44:21,029 --> 02:44:22,364
AROUND IN THE COMMUNITY, AND

4059
02:44:22,364 --> 02:44:27,169
IT'S PROBABLY FOR THE BEST THAT

4060
02:44:27,169 --> 02:44:27,702
WE'RE NOT TOGETHER.

4061
02:44:27,702 --> 02:44:32,340
I'D LIKE TO THANK THE NIH, THE 

4062
02:44:32,340 --> 02:44:37,446
OFFERS OF SCIENCE POLICY AND

4063
02:44:37,446 --> 02:44:39,648
WOULD LIKE TO THANK A DEAR

4064
02:44:39,648 --> 02:44:41,817
COLLEAGUE AT THE NIH OFFICE OF

4065
02:44:41,817 --> 02:44:42,584
SCIENCE POLICY, KATHERINE

4066
02:44:42,584 --> 02:44:44,352
HARRIS, FOR SUGGESTING I BE

4067
02:44:44,352 --> 02:44:44,553
HERE.

4068
02:44:44,553 --> 02:44:46,421
KATHERINE, YOU'RE IN MY THOUGHTS

4069
02:44:46,421 --> 02:44:48,089
ALWAYS.

4070
02:44:48,089 --> 02:44:49,391
I'M GOING TO JUMP RIGHT IN.

4071
02:44:49,391 --> 02:44:51,026
ONE OF THE THINGS FOR THIS

4072
02:44:51,026 --> 02:44:52,694
PRESENTATION WAS TO TRY TO THINK

4073
02:44:52,694 --> 02:44:54,629
HIGH LEVEL AND WHAT THE FUTURE

4074
02:44:54,629 --> 02:44:55,831
MIGHT LOOK LIKE.

4075
02:44:55,831 --> 02:44:58,567
I LIKE DOING THAT BUT I WANT TO

4076
02:44:58,567 --> 02:45:00,535
THINK HOW DO WE BALANCE THE

4077
02:45:00,535 --> 02:45:02,838
RISKS OF DOING THAT AND IMPROVE

4078
02:45:02,838 --> 02:45:07,108
OVERSIGHT MECHANISMS TO HELP

4079
02:45:07,108 --> 02:45:08,410
ENSURE NON-COMPLIANCE.

4080
02:45:08,410 --> 02:45:12,247
I WANT TO JUST GO HIGH LEVEL AND

4081
02:45:12,247 --> 02:45:14,015
HELP PEOPLE REALIZE IN POLICY

4082
02:45:14,015 --> 02:45:17,385
CIRCLES WHEN I'M INVITED TO

4083
02:45:17,385 --> 02:45:18,720
MEETINGS I'M OFTEN TOLD A DUAL

4084
02:45:18,720 --> 02:45:25,727
US ISSUE WILL BE SOLVED BY A

4085
02:45:25,727 --> 02:45:26,895
BIOSAFETY PROFESSIONAL, TO HELP

4086
02:45:26,895 --> 02:45:28,330
US FIGURE IT OUT AND THEY WILL

4087
02:45:28,330 --> 02:45:29,998
SAVE THE DAY.

4088
02:45:29,998 --> 02:45:31,733
AS WE'VE HEARD FROM MARIA

4089
02:45:31,733 --> 02:45:34,169
CHAVEZ, THAT'S NOT ALWAYS THE

4090
02:45:34,169 --> 02:45:34,736
CASE.

4091
02:45:34,736 --> 02:45:35,837
SOME DON'T HAVE PROFESSIONALS

4092
02:45:35,837 --> 02:45:39,875
LET ALONE DON'T HAVE PEOPLE WHO

4093
02:45:39,875 --> 02:45:42,644
NECESSARILY ARE THINKING ABOUT

4094
02:45:42,644 --> 02:45:43,044
BIOSECURITY.

4095
02:45:43,044 --> 02:45:44,279
I THINK PEOPLE ARE THINKING

4096
02:45:44,279 --> 02:45:47,516
ABOUT IT, I JUST DON'T THINK

4097
02:45:47,516 --> 02:45:49,317
IT'S REALLY AS WELL DEFINED AS

4098
02:45:49,317 --> 02:45:51,186
IT SHOULD BE.

4099
02:45:51,186 --> 02:45:53,154
WE'RE ALSO ASKED TO ANTICIPATE

4100
02:45:53,154 --> 02:45:53,922
THE FUTURE.

4101
02:45:53,922 --> 02:45:57,659
AND I PUT IN SOME IDEAS THAT I'M

4102
02:45:57,659 --> 02:45:59,294
CONCERNED ABOUT, THINGS I SAW

4103
02:45:59,294 --> 02:46:02,797
THAT LYRIC HAD INCLUDED IN HER

4104
02:46:02,797 --> 02:46:12,407
EARLIER SLIDES ABOUT MAYBE OTHER

4105
02:46:12,407 --> 02:46:18,313
REGULATORY OVERSIGHT MECHANISMS,

4106
02:46:18,313 --> 02:46:19,447
DIY BIOGENOME MODIFICATIONS,

4107
02:46:19,447 --> 02:46:21,950
INCLUDING ON YOURSELF, NATURAL

4108
02:46:21,950 --> 02:46:26,621
OUTBREAKS, ENDEMICS, PANDEMICS,

4109
02:46:26,621 --> 02:46:27,856
PUBLICATIONS WITH UNFORESEEN AND

4110
02:46:27,856 --> 02:46:30,258
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, AND I'VE

4111
02:46:30,258 --> 02:46:33,094
BEEN THINKING ABOUT SYNTHETIC

4112
02:46:33,094 --> 02:46:35,230
VIRUSES, VIRUS LIBRARIES AND

4113
02:46:35,230 --> 02:46:39,034
POSSIBILITY OF CREATING DE NOVO

4114
02:46:39,034 --> 02:46:42,037
VIRUSES OF UNKNOWN RISK.

4115
02:46:42,037 --> 02:46:42,737
LASTLY, A BIGGER TOPIC,

4116
02:46:42,737 --> 02:46:44,573
UNCERTAIN FUTURE OF THE

4117
02:46:44,573 --> 02:46:45,340
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION.

4118
02:46:45,340 --> 02:46:48,310
I THINK ALL OF THESE TOGETHER,

4119
02:46:48,310 --> 02:46:51,413
THERE'S A LOT ON OUR PLAYBOOK,

4120
02:46:51,413 --> 02:46:53,214
WE COULD TRY TO TACKLE ANY ONE

4121
02:46:53,214 --> 02:46:55,250
AND WOULD DO GOOD FOR THE FUTURE

4122
02:46:55,250 --> 02:46:59,354
BUT TODAY WE'RE SPECIFICALLY

4123
02:46:59,354 --> 02:47:01,656
TALKING ABOUT DURC.

4124
02:47:01,656 --> 02:47:04,826
SO, I'D LIKE TO HAVE AN

4125
02:47:04,826 --> 02:47:07,796
OVERARCHING HIERARCHY FOR THIS

4126
02:47:07,796 --> 02:47:10,532
CONVERSATION TO SAY WE HEARD

4127
02:47:10,532 --> 02:47:12,400
FROM UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, FROM

4128
02:47:12,400 --> 02:47:15,870
KALPANA, THERE'S A LOT OF PLACES

4129
02:47:15,870 --> 02:47:17,973
WITH GOOD SYSTEMS FOR OVERSIGHT.

4130
02:47:17,973 --> 02:47:19,808
BUT THAT'S NOT THE CASE

4131
02:47:19,808 --> 02:47:20,108
EVERYWHERE.

4132
02:47:20,108 --> 02:47:21,576
AND SO THE QUESTION REALLY NEEDS

4133
02:47:21,576 --> 02:47:23,878
TO BE HOW WILL INSTITUTIONS

4134
02:47:23,878 --> 02:47:25,647
JUSTIFY THE RESOURCES NEEDED TO

4135
02:47:25,647 --> 02:47:26,748
SUPPORT DURC RESEARCH ESPECIALLY

4136
02:47:26,748 --> 02:47:28,049
WHEN IT'S NOT CLEAR HOW MANY

4137
02:47:28,049 --> 02:47:29,784
TIMES DURC HAS BEEN MISUSED,

4138
02:47:29,784 --> 02:47:31,319
DURC RESEARCH HAS BEEN MISUSED.

4139
02:47:31,319 --> 02:47:33,188
I THINK HAVING A BETTER

4140
02:47:33,188 --> 02:47:36,358
UNDERSTANDING OF THE RISK WILL

4141
02:47:36,358 --> 02:47:38,526
HELP INFORM BETTER DECISION

4142
02:47:38,526 --> 02:47:39,728
MAKING.

4143
02:47:39,728 --> 02:47:42,831
PUBLIC COMMENTS WERE

4144
02:47:42,831 --> 02:47:44,332
ENLIGHTENING, THERE DOES NOT TO

4145
02:47:44,332 --> 02:47:46,668
BE BETTER TRANSPARENCY BUT

4146
02:47:46,668 --> 02:47:48,937
PEOPLE AREN'T OPERATING WITH

4147
02:47:48,937 --> 02:47:51,306
SINISTER MOTIVES AT LEAST NOT IN

4148
02:47:51,306 --> 02:47:52,073
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS.

4149
02:47:52,073 --> 02:47:53,074
I THINK JUST TRYING TO

4150
02:47:53,074 --> 02:47:55,076
UNDERSTAND WHERE RISKS ARE SO WE

4151
02:47:55,076 --> 02:47:57,379
CAN ACTUALLY BUILD GOOD SYSTEMS

4152
02:47:57,379 --> 02:47:58,980
WOULD BE HELPFUL.

4153
02:47:58,980 --> 02:48:02,283
ANOTHER TOPIC THAT IS NEVER

4154
02:48:02,283 --> 02:48:04,719
DISCUSSED, WHO IS CULPABLE IF

4155
02:48:04,719 --> 02:48:08,523
SOMETHING GOES WRONG?

4156
02:48:08,523 --> 02:48:10,492
SELECT AGENT WORLD RESPONSIBLE

4157
02:48:10,492 --> 02:48:12,260
OFFICIAL, P.I., ANYONE INVOLVED

4158
02:48:12,260 --> 02:48:14,429
COULD FACE TEN YEARS IN PRISON,

4159
02:48:14,429 --> 02:48:15,964
$250,000 IN FINES, THAT COULD BE

4160
02:48:15,964 --> 02:48:17,165
THE INSTITUTION.

4161
02:48:17,165 --> 02:48:19,467
IT'S BEEN A WHILE, I HAVE A

4162
02:48:19,467 --> 02:48:20,969
BRAIN THAT'S ILL, SO TAKE MY

4163
02:48:20,969 --> 02:48:23,571
WORD FOR IT THE FEDERAL SELECT

4164
02:48:23,571 --> 02:48:24,272
AGENT PROGRAM HAS PENALTIES.

4165
02:48:24,272 --> 02:48:28,443
THE THE QUESTION IS SHOULD DURC

4166
02:48:28,443 --> 02:48:30,412
HAVE POTENTIAL PENALTIES IF

4167
02:48:30,412 --> 02:48:32,614
SOMEONE DOES SOMETHING WRONG AND

4168
02:48:32,614 --> 02:48:34,349
WHO IS REQUIRED TO FOLLOW

4169
02:48:34,349 --> 02:48:34,616
GUIDANCE?

4170
02:48:34,616 --> 02:48:36,451
WE HEARD THIS IS FOR

4171
02:48:36,451 --> 02:48:37,085
GOVERNMENT-FUNDED RESEARCH BUT

4172
02:48:37,085 --> 02:48:38,953
IS THAT FAIR?

4173
02:48:38,953 --> 02:48:41,089
IS THAT EVEN -- HOW IS THAT

4174
02:48:41,089 --> 02:48:43,425
GOING TO CAPTURE EVERYTHING?

4175
02:48:43,425 --> 02:48:47,929
DREW ENDY TALKED ABOUT HOW

4176
02:48:47,929 --> 02:48:49,431
MONEY, WE HAVE SYSTEMS TO

4177
02:48:49,431 --> 02:48:51,199
CONTROL WITH MONEY, MAYBE IT'S A

4178
02:48:51,199 --> 02:48:52,934
LARGE PORTION BUT IT'S NOT

4179
02:48:52,934 --> 02:48:53,401
EVERYTHING.

4180
02:48:53,401 --> 02:48:56,404
LASTLY IS THERE A SIMPLER BETTER

4181
02:48:56,404 --> 02:48:57,739
WAY TO OVERSEE RESEARCH?

4182
02:48:57,739 --> 02:48:59,841
FOR EXAMPLE DOING MORE AT

4183
02:48:59,841 --> 02:49:00,508
RESEARCHER OR INSURER TUITIONAL

4184
02:49:00,508 --> 02:49:02,477
LEVEL AND TO THE PUBLIC

4185
02:49:02,477 --> 02:49:05,747
COMMENTERS COULD WE BE MORE

4186
02:49:05,747 --> 02:49:08,583
TRANSPARENT TO MAKE SURE THEY

4187
02:49:08,583 --> 02:49:10,085
ARE INVOLVED AND UNDERSTAND

4188
02:49:10,085 --> 02:49:11,553
WHAT'S HAPPENING.

4189
02:49:11,553 --> 02:49:12,987
THE NEXT TWO SLIDES, WE WERE

4190
02:49:12,987 --> 02:49:14,956
ASKING TO SAY DIFFERENT

4191
02:49:14,956 --> 02:49:17,158
MECHANISMS BY WAY SAFETY

4192
02:49:17,158 --> 02:49:19,694
OVERSIGHT OR SAFETY GOVERNANCE

4193
02:49:19,694 --> 02:49:21,229
TAKES PLACE.

4194
02:49:21,229 --> 02:49:23,832
AND THERE'S REGULATIONS, SUCH AS

4195
02:49:23,832 --> 02:49:25,400
SELECT AGENT PROGRAM, BLOODBORNE

4196
02:49:25,400 --> 02:49:27,702
PATHOGENS, GUIDELINES LIKE NIH

4197
02:49:27,702 --> 02:49:33,274
GUIDELINES FOR COMMENTING ON

4198
02:49:33,274 --> 02:49:35,343
RESEARCHE BMBL THAT EVERYONE

4199
02:49:35,343 --> 02:49:36,444
MENTIONED, PROS AND CONS FOR

4200
02:49:36,444 --> 02:49:38,446
EACH ONE.

4201
02:49:38,446 --> 02:49:41,282
I GO FURTHER AND TALK ABOUT

4202
02:49:41,282 --> 02:49:43,251
RADIATION SECURITY, I DO THINK

4203
02:49:43,251 --> 02:49:44,452
IT'S FUNNY, DREW MENTIONED

4204
02:49:44,452 --> 02:49:46,855
BUILDING CODES, THIS IDEA OF

4205
02:49:46,855 --> 02:49:52,127
BIOCODE BECAUSE THAT'S ONE OF

4206
02:49:52,127 --> 02:50:02,670
THE -- VOLUNTARY CON  CONSENSUS,

4207
02:50:03,371 --> 02:50:05,039
AND AAALAC FOR ANIMAL CARE AND

4208
02:50:05,039 --> 02:50:09,344
OTHER STANDARDS LESS USED IN THE

4209
02:50:09,344 --> 02:50:12,380
UNITED STATES. 

4210
02:50:12,380 --> 02:50:15,784
THIS WAS TALKED ABOUT DURING

4211
02:50:15,784 --> 02:50:17,986
OTHER TALKS, WE ASK THESE

4212
02:50:17,986 --> 02:50:20,054
QUESTIONS, SEVEN OR EIGHT

4213
02:50:20,054 --> 02:50:22,323
QUESTIONS ACTUALLY, ASK THEM OF

4214
02:50:22,323 --> 02:50:25,360
EVERY RESEARCH PROJECT THAT 

4215
02:50:25,360 --> 02:50:27,262
COMES TO THE IBC.

4216
02:50:27,262 --> 02:50:28,797
IT'S MORE ABOUT THE EXPERIMENT

4217
02:50:28,797 --> 02:50:31,533
AND THEN WE DECIDE IS IT REALLY

4218
02:50:31,533 --> 02:50:34,302
A RISK AND WHAT ARE

4219
02:50:34,302 --> 02:50:34,702
IMPLICATIONS?

4220
02:50:34,702 --> 02:50:36,905
DOES IT FALL UNDER DURC?

4221
02:50:36,905 --> 02:50:39,207
THAT'S THE CONVERSATION, IF YES,

4222
02:50:39,207 --> 02:50:40,842
WORKING WITH AGENTS, BUT WE ALSO

4223
02:50:40,842 --> 02:50:47,182
HAVE RESEARCHERS WORKING WITH 

4224
02:50:47,182 --> 02:50:49,250
VIRUSES THAT ARE CLOSELY ALIGNED

4225
02:50:49,250 --> 02:50:50,185
WITH SMALLPOX.

4226
02:50:50,185 --> 02:50:51,452
IT'S BETTER TO ASK QUESTIONS OF

4227
02:50:51,452 --> 02:50:54,189
EVERY EXPERIMENT JUST TO GET THE

4228
02:50:54,189 --> 02:50:55,390
CONVERSATION GOING, HAVING

4229
02:50:55,390 --> 02:50:56,491
PEOPLE TALK ABOUT IT LIKE

4230
02:50:56,491 --> 02:50:59,961
STARTING TO THINK ABOUT WHAT ARE

4231
02:50:59,961 --> 02:51:02,397
THE RISKS OF POTENTIAL USE FOR

4232
02:51:02,397 --> 02:51:04,065
EVERY EXPERIMENT, IT DOESN'T

4233
02:51:04,065 --> 02:51:05,466
MEAN EVERYTHING STOPPED OR SLOWS

4234
02:51:05,466 --> 02:51:07,535
DOWN THE PROCESS IN ANY WAY.

4235
02:51:07,535 --> 02:51:10,705
JUST OPENS A DIALOGUE FOR PEOPLE

4236
02:51:10,705 --> 02:51:12,040
TO TALK ABOUT IT.

4237
02:51:12,040 --> 02:51:19,047
FOR THE FUTURE, I ASK US TO

4238
02:51:19,047 --> 02:51:20,448
CONSIDER ABCDs, ANTICIPATE

4239
02:51:20,448 --> 02:51:26,721
UNANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES OF

4240
02:51:26,721 --> 02:51:31,626
FUTURE DURC OVERSIGHT, BUILD

4241
02:51:31,626 --> 02:51:37,732
CAPACITY AND DEVELOP  CONCISE

4242
02:51:37,732 --> 02:51:38,299
SCOPE.

4243
02:51:38,299 --> 02:51:40,401
WE NEED TO CONSIDER WHO MAY

4244
02:51:40,401 --> 02:51:41,703
BENEFIT FROM FUTURE DURC RULES.

4245
02:51:41,703 --> 02:51:43,771
SOME SAY THE PUBLIC, THERE MAY

4246
02:51:43,771 --> 02:51:44,572
BE PEOPLE WITH SELF-INTERESTS

4247
02:51:44,572 --> 02:51:46,274
THAT YOU MAY NOT THINK ABOUT

4248
02:51:46,274 --> 02:51:47,809
RIGHT AWAY.

4249
02:51:47,809 --> 02:51:49,244
THOSE WHO MAY EXPERIENCE

4250
02:51:49,244 --> 02:51:51,846
DIFFICULTY WITH THE FUTURE

4251
02:51:51,846 --> 02:51:52,413
OVERSIGHT.

4252
02:51:52,413 --> 02:51:56,050
THE SELECT AGENT PROGRAM LED

4253
02:51:56,050 --> 02:51:58,119
MANY TO LEAVE RESEARCH BECAUSE

4254
02:51:58,119 --> 02:51:59,454
IT BECAME TOO EXPENSIVE AND

4255
02:51:59,454 --> 02:52:00,855
DIFFICULT AND BURDEN SOME, I

4256
02:52:00,855 --> 02:52:03,291
WOULD HATE TO SEE THAT HAPPEN.

4257
02:52:03,291 --> 02:52:04,926
LIFE SCIENCES ARE GOING SO FAST

4258
02:52:04,926 --> 02:52:06,895
IT WOULD BE BAD TO YOU THE

4259
02:52:06,895 --> 02:52:10,832
APPROXIMATE THE BRAKES ON SOME

4260
02:52:10,832 --> 02:52:11,266
THINGS.

4261
02:52:11,266 --> 02:52:12,700
OVERSIGHT SHOULD PROVIDE FOUND

4262
02:52:12,700 --> 02:52:17,071
OF FUNDING FOR COMPLIANCE

4263
02:52:17,071 --> 02:52:18,940
STRUCTURES, IBCs, BIOSAFETY

4264
02:52:18,940 --> 02:52:23,244
OFFICERS, BSL3 AND 4, EVEN BSL2

4265
02:52:23,244 --> 02:52:24,712
FACILITIES, SAFETY AND STAFFING.

4266
02:52:24,712 --> 02:52:27,148
WE SHOULD CONSIDER IMPACT OF

4267
02:52:27,148 --> 02:52:31,185
PUBLISHING DELAYS FOR DURC

4268
02:52:31,185 --> 02:52:34,022
REVIEW AND PUBLICATIONS.

4269
02:52:34,022 --> 02:52:35,456
BUILD BIOSECURITY EXTRA

4270
02:52:35,456 --> 02:52:36,157
CAPACITY, PRACTITIONERS ARE

4271
02:52:36,157 --> 02:52:41,296
INEFFICIENT IN -- INSUFFICIENT

4272
02:52:41,296 --> 02:52:42,363
IN NUMBER.

4273
02:52:42,363 --> 02:52:44,332
WE DON'T HAVE A STANDARDIZED

4274
02:52:44,332 --> 02:52:45,833
KNOWLEDGE BASE AND IT REQUIRES

4275
02:52:45,833 --> 02:52:48,603
ON THE JOB TRAINING TO FULLY

4276
02:52:48,603 --> 02:52:49,203
IMPLEMENT.

4277
02:52:49,203 --> 02:52:50,071
THERE AREN'T GREAT PROGRAMS THAT

4278
02:52:50,071 --> 02:52:52,106
TREAT PEOPLE HOW TO BE AN EXPERT

4279
02:52:52,106 --> 02:52:54,409
WHEN THEY REACH THE JOB MARKET.

4280
02:52:54,409 --> 02:52:58,479
SO THAT'S AN AREA THAT NIH COULD

4281
02:52:58,479 --> 02:53:02,183
HELP FILL.

4282
02:53:02,183 --> 02:53:03,184
AND THE GOOD PHILANTHROPIC

4283
02:53:03,184 --> 02:53:04,285
ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD PROVIDE

4284
02:53:04,285 --> 02:53:10,425
FUNDING  TO INCREASE OUTREACH,

4285
02:53:10,425 --> 02:53:13,428
TO IMPROVE SKILL SETS FOR

4286
02:53:13,428 --> 02:53:15,463
SCIENTISTS AND PRACTITIONERS IN

4287
02:53:15,463 --> 02:53:17,632
THE LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH

4288
02:53:17,632 --> 02:53:18,833
ESPECIALLY DURC.

4289
02:53:18,833 --> 02:53:22,837
COMPOSE CLEAR DEFINITIONS. 

4290
02:53:22,837 --> 02:53:25,073
THE DURC EXPERTS SHOULD MEET TO

4291
02:53:25,073 --> 02:53:26,507
MONITOR POTENTIAL EXPERIMENTS OF

4292
02:53:26,507 --> 02:53:27,742
CONCERN, THAT WAS MENTIONED

4293
02:53:27,742 --> 02:53:30,011
EARLIER IN SEVERAL TALKS.

4294
02:53:30,011 --> 02:53:33,281
AND ALERT REGULATED COMMUNITY AS

4295
02:53:33,281 --> 02:53:33,681
WARRANTED.

4296
02:53:33,681 --> 02:53:37,218
A LOT OF THOUGHT, I DO WONDER IF

4297
02:53:37,218 --> 02:53:38,519
LISTING AGENTS IS THAT HELPFUL

4298
02:53:38,519 --> 02:53:40,621
SINCE THEY ARE SELECT AGENTS, WE

4299
02:53:40,621 --> 02:53:42,991
ALREADY HAVE TO JUMP THROUGH

4300
02:53:42,991 --> 02:53:44,559
HOOPS FOR SELECT AGENT RESEARCH.

4301
02:53:44,559 --> 02:53:47,195
TO HAVE US DO THAT AGAIN AND

4302
02:53:47,195 --> 02:53:48,830
ONLY FOCUS ON THOSE SEVEN

4303
02:53:48,830 --> 02:53:52,233
EXPERIMENTAL QUESTIONS FOR THOSE

4304
02:53:52,233 --> 02:53:57,905
SEEMS LIKE YOU'RE TYING OUR

4305
02:53:57,905 --> 02:53:58,106
ARMS.

4306
02:53:58,106 --> 02:54:00,641
IT SEEMS MORE IMPORTANT ASKING

4307
02:54:00,641 --> 02:54:03,044
THE QUESTIONS ABOUT DUAL USE

4308
02:54:03,044 --> 02:54:04,712
ASPECT OF EXPERIMENTS.

4309
02:54:04,712 --> 02:54:07,115
AGAIN, HAVING TOO MUCH

4310
02:54:07,115 --> 02:54:09,751
BUREAUCRACY WITH SELECT AGENT

4311
02:54:09,751 --> 02:54:12,120
RESEARCH AND DURC OVERSIGHT

4312
02:54:12,120 --> 02:54:15,423
SEEMS OVERKILL.

4313
02:54:15,423 --> 02:54:16,758
NIH SHOULD DEFINE BIOSECURITY.

4314
02:54:16,758 --> 02:54:20,161
YOU HAVE DEFINED IT BUT IT

4315
02:54:20,161 --> 02:54:22,030
SHOULD BE MORE PUBLICIZED TO

4316
02:54:22,030 --> 02:54:22,997
DISTINGUISH FROM BIOSAFETY.

4317
02:54:22,997 --> 02:54:25,533
PEOPLE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THESE

4318
02:54:25,533 --> 02:54:26,834
ARE DIFFERENT TOPICS, WITH

4319
02:54:26,834 --> 02:54:27,602
DIFFERENT EXPERTISE AND

4320
02:54:27,602 --> 02:54:30,004
DIFFERENT PEOPLE WHO TRY TO

4321
02:54:30,004 --> 02:54:32,907
IMPLEMENT THEM.

4322
02:54:32,907 --> 02:54:34,409
AND DEVELOP CONCISE SCOPE, KEEP

4323
02:54:34,409 --> 02:54:37,912
THE SEVEN QUESTIONS, ENCOURAGE

4324
02:54:37,912 --> 02:54:41,182
RESEARCHERS TO ANSWER THEM,

4325
02:54:41,182 --> 02:54:42,517
PRIORITIZE CAPACITY BUILDING,

4326
02:54:42,517 --> 02:54:43,818
ADVANCE BIOSECURITY TRAINING FOR

4327
02:54:43,818 --> 02:54:45,787
RESEARCH AND SHOULD STANDARDIZE

4328
02:54:45,787 --> 02:54:47,188
A DURC REVIEW PROCESS FOR

4329
02:54:47,188 --> 02:54:47,655
PUBLISHERS.

4330
02:54:47,655 --> 02:54:49,657
I KNOW THIS LAST ONE IS HUGE BUT

4331
02:54:49,657 --> 02:54:50,591
I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT

4332
02:54:50,591 --> 02:54:52,560
THAT WE HAVE THE STANDARD FOR

4333
02:54:52,560 --> 02:54:53,494
HOW WE'RE DOING PUBLICATIONS AND

4334
02:54:53,494 --> 02:54:56,597
NIH SHOULD HAVE A SEAT AT THE

4335
02:54:56,597 --> 02:54:57,899
TABLE WHEN TALKING THROUGH WHAT

4336
02:54:57,899 --> 02:55:01,569
SHOULD THAT PROCESS LOOK LIKE.

4337
02:55:01,569 --> 02:55:04,505
THE OPPORTUNITIES, I DO THINK

4338
02:55:04,505 --> 02:55:06,574
NIH COULD SPEND SOME MONEY

4339
02:55:06,574 --> 02:55:07,775
FUNDING BIOSECURITY CENTERS OF

4340
02:55:07,775 --> 02:55:08,209
EXCELLENCE.

4341
02:55:08,209 --> 02:55:10,845
THESE COULD BE NOVEL, COULD HELP

4342
02:55:10,845 --> 02:55:15,149
US PREVENT FUTURE PANDEMIC OR AT

4343
02:55:15,149 --> 02:55:16,651
LEAST DOCUMENT THE PROCESSES TO

4344
02:55:16,651 --> 02:55:20,688
SAY WHAT'S BEST PRACTICE IN

4345
02:55:20,688 --> 02:55:24,058
PANDEMICS OR IN ANY ENDEMIC OR

4346
02:55:24,058 --> 02:55:26,194
ANY OUTBREAK OR WHATEVER.

4347
02:55:26,194 --> 02:55:27,929
FUND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS TO

4348
02:55:27,929 --> 02:55:34,936
INSURE BIOSECURITY CURRICULUM 

4349
02:55:34,936 --> 02:55:36,204
AND BIOSECURITY INTERCURRICULUM,

4350
02:55:36,204 --> 02:55:38,239
BEYOND NORMAL THINGS, COMPUTER

4351
02:55:38,239 --> 02:55:39,740
SCIENCES AND PREDICTIVE

4352
02:55:39,740 --> 02:55:40,942
ANALYSIS, TRYING TO DEVELOP

4353
02:55:40,942 --> 02:55:44,145
NOVEL VIRUSES AND THINGS LIKE

4354
02:55:44,145 --> 02:55:44,479
THAT.

4355
02:55:44,479 --> 02:55:46,114
AND THIS IS PROBABLY TONGUE IN

4356
02:55:46,114 --> 02:55:47,982
CHEEK BUT THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS

4357
02:55:47,982 --> 02:55:49,951
TO FUND AND STAFF GOVERNMENT

4358
02:55:49,951 --> 02:55:52,153
AGENCIES TO PROVIDE BIOSECURITY

4359
02:55:52,153 --> 02:55:53,121
INFORMATION, TRAINING AND

4360
02:55:53,121 --> 02:55:54,122
OUTREACH TO THE REGULATED

4361
02:55:54,122 --> 02:55:54,388
COMMUNITY.

4362
02:55:54,388 --> 02:55:56,190
YOU CAN'T JUST PUT OUT A

4363
02:55:56,190 --> 02:55:57,925
REGULATION AND NOT HAVE GUIDANCE

4364
02:55:57,925 --> 02:55:59,127
THAT GOES ALONG WITH IT.

4365
02:55:59,127 --> 02:56:00,661
YOU HAVE TO HAVE TRAINING, THAT

4366
02:56:00,661 --> 02:56:04,499
MEANS GETTING INTO THE COMMUNITY

4367
02:56:04,499 --> 02:56:04,966
AND INTERACTING WITH

4368
02:56:04,966 --> 02:56:09,437
INSTITUTIONS DOING THE WORK.

4369
02:56:09,437 --> 02:56:11,305
LASTLY, ALL BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

4370
02:56:11,305 --> 02:56:14,242
IS DUAL USE.

4371
02:56:14,242 --> 02:56:14,909
CLEARLY ARTICULATING CONCERN OF

4372
02:56:14,909 --> 02:56:18,946
DURC AND HOW TO ADDRESS IT IS

4373
02:56:18,946 --> 02:56:19,347
CRITICAL.

4374
02:56:19,347 --> 02:56:21,015
THERE COULD BE NEGATIVE IMPACTS

4375
02:56:21,015 --> 02:56:26,187
OF DURC GOVERNANCE FIT  -- FIT

4376
02:56:26,187 --> 02:56:36,731
DOESN'T  --  -- AND MUST KEEP UP

4377
02:56:40,101 --> 02:56:41,769
WITH SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES.

4378
02:56:41,769 --> 02:56:42,703
SORRY I'M SWEATING.

4379
02:56:42,703 --> 02:56:46,240
>> SORRY YOU FEEL ILL.

4380
02:56:46,240 --> 02:56:47,909
APPRECIATE YOU'RE ABLE TO JOIN

4381
02:56:47,909 --> 02:56:49,644
US TODAY, AND THAT YOU RAISED

4382
02:56:49,644 --> 02:56:51,546
DEFINITION OF THE DURC POLICY

4383
02:56:51,546 --> 02:56:53,381
WHICH IS ABOUT THE DIRECT MISAP

4384
02:56:53,381 --> 02:56:54,916
PLAGUES AND ONE OF THE

4385
02:56:54,916 --> 02:56:56,284
CLARIFYING QUESTIONS I WANTED TO

4386
02:56:56,284 --> 02:57:01,422
ASK YOU, YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT

4387
02:57:01,422 --> 02:57:04,525
SOME PENALTIES, AGAIN, DOING 

4388
02:57:04,525 --> 02:57:07,128
RESEARCH, AT THE END OF THE DAY

4389
02:57:07,128 --> 02:57:09,063
PENALTY FOR MISUSE OF DURC OR

4390
02:57:09,063 --> 02:57:15,002
MISUSE OF THE RESEARCH IS THE

4391
02:57:15,002 --> 02:57:16,470
PENALTY THE PUBLIC WILL FACE,

4392
02:57:16,470 --> 02:57:18,739
CARRYING THE WEIGHT OF

4393
02:57:18,739 --> 02:57:19,106
MISAPPLICATION.

4394
02:57:19,106 --> 02:57:24,312
THE QUESTION I WANT YOU TO

4395
02:57:24,312 --> 02:57:25,446
CLARIFY GIVEN THE BOTTOM-UP

4396
02:57:25,446 --> 02:57:31,185
CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY HOW 

4397
02:57:31,185 --> 02:57:32,954
WOULD YOU PROPOSE INSTANTIATING

4398
02:57:32,954 --> 02:57:34,822
THE PUBLIC COST THINKING THROUGH

4399
02:57:34,822 --> 02:57:37,024
THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE BURDEN

4400
02:57:37,024 --> 02:57:38,926
OF OVERSIGHT, WHAT ARE YOUR

4401
02:57:38,926 --> 02:57:40,294
THOUGHTS ABOUT THOSE TRADEOFFS?

4402
02:57:40,294 --> 02:57:43,931
>> YEAH, I GUESS I WOULD
TAKE --

4403
02:57:43,931 --> 02:57:46,601
WOULD CHALLENGE YOU TO SAY THAT

4404
02:57:46,601 --> 02:57:48,569
THE POTENTIAL FINES I FACE AS A

4405
02:57:48,569 --> 02:57:51,339
RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL MAKE ME DO

4406
02:57:51,339 --> 02:57:54,642
THINGS MORE THOROUGHLY AND I'M

4407
02:57:54,642 --> 02:57:57,478
NOT GOING TO -- I'M MORE

4408
02:57:57,478 --> 02:57:59,347
CAREFUL, RIGHT?

4409
02:57:59,347 --> 02:58:00,815
IF THERE WAS POTENTIAL FOR CHEAT

4410
02:58:00,815 --> 02:58:04,719
TO DURC, IF YOU MISUSE

4411
02:58:04,719 --> 02:58:05,886
SOMETHING, YOU OR YOUR

4412
02:58:05,886 --> 02:58:06,887
INSTITUTION TO BE FINED, DO I

4413
02:58:06,887 --> 02:58:08,055
KNOW THAT'S THE RIGHT ANSWER?

4414
02:58:08,055 --> 02:58:10,424
NOT AT ALL.

4415
02:58:10,424 --> 02:58:11,359
I'M NOT SURE IT IS.

4416
02:58:11,359 --> 02:58:13,961
WHY DO WE DO IT FOR SELECT

4417
02:58:13,961 --> 02:58:16,297
AGENTS BUT NOT DURC?

4418
02:58:16,297 --> 02:58:18,699
FLIP SIDE, I'M MORE IN FAVOR OF

4419
02:58:18,699 --> 02:58:21,669
WHAT MARIA CHAVEZ WAS SAYING,

4420
02:58:21,669 --> 02:58:23,304
BOTTOM-UP APPROACH INVOLVING THE

4421
02:58:23,304 --> 02:58:25,239
COMMUNITY, INVOLVES THE

4422
02:58:25,239 --> 02:58:29,210
STAKEHOLDERS WE HEARD FROM 

4423
02:58:29,210 --> 02:58:30,945
RECENTLY, WHO ARE PASSIONATE

4424
02:58:30,945 --> 02:58:32,813
ABOUT THEIR VIEWS ON THE ORIGINS

4425
02:58:32,813 --> 02:58:34,015
OF COVID, FOR EXAMPLE, EVEN

4426
02:58:34,015 --> 02:58:36,984
THOUGH I MAY NOT SHARE THEM,

4427
02:58:36,984 --> 02:58:38,286
THESE CONVERSATIONS ALLOWING

4428
02:58:38,286 --> 02:58:40,254
PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT THEM AND

4429
02:58:40,254 --> 02:58:41,922
ABOUT A SYSTEM BENEFICIAL FOR

4430
02:58:41,922 --> 02:58:44,225
THE HUMAN RACE, THAT'S HUGELY

4431
02:58:44,225 --> 02:58:44,558
IMPORTANT.

4432
02:58:44,558 --> 02:58:47,094
WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE IS PROBABLY

4433
02:58:47,094 --> 02:58:48,162
MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, BRINGING

4434
02:58:48,162 --> 02:58:51,432
PEOPLE TOGETHER, IT'S BEING

4435
02:58:51,432 --> 02:58:52,199
RESPECTFUL, SHARING THESE IDEAS,

4436
02:58:52,199 --> 02:58:54,935
AND INCLUDING THEM IN THE

4437
02:58:54,935 --> 02:58:55,870
POLICY-MAKING PROCESS.

4438
02:58:55,870 --> 02:58:57,571
YOU NEED A LOT OF VOICES.

4439
02:58:57,571 --> 02:58:58,773
SOMEBODY AT THE BEGINNING, I

4440
02:58:58,773 --> 02:59:00,308
DON'T REMEMBER WHO, SAID YOU

4441
02:59:00,308 --> 02:59:01,842
NEED PEOPLE FROM -- THE

4442
02:59:01,842 --> 02:59:04,578
GENTLEMAN ON THE AIRPLANE, SAID

4443
02:59:04,578 --> 02:59:06,547
YOU NEED PEOPLE FROM MANY

4444
02:59:06,547 --> 02:59:07,114
VOICES.

4445
02:59:07,114 --> 02:59:08,516
I COULDN'T AGREE MORE.

4446
02:59:08,516 --> 02:59:10,951
I THINK ANYTIME I DO SOMETHING,

4447
02:59:10,951 --> 02:59:13,020
WHEN I WRITE ABOUT BIOSAFETY OR

4448
02:59:13,020 --> 02:59:14,221
BIOSECURITY, I THINK OF MY

4449
02:59:14,221 --> 02:59:14,488
MOTHER.

4450
02:59:14,488 --> 02:59:15,423
WILL SHE UNDERSTAND THIS?

4451
02:59:15,423 --> 02:59:18,159
WILL SHE HAVE A CLUE WHAT I'M

4452
02:59:18,159 --> 02:59:18,693
TALKING ABOUT?

4453
02:59:18,693 --> 02:59:21,996
OR IS SHE GOING TO SAY MY CRAZY

4454
02:59:21,996 --> 02:59:23,130
SON, I LOVE HIM BUT I DON'T KNOW

4455
02:59:23,130 --> 02:59:24,498
WHAT HE'S TALKING ABOUT.

4456
02:59:24,498 --> 02:59:26,000
WE NEED PEOPLE, WE PUT OURSELVES

4457
02:59:26,000 --> 02:59:27,468
IN THEIR CHOOSE AND LEARN TO

4458
02:59:27,468 --> 02:59:29,837
COMMUNICATE IN A WAY THAT THEY

4459
02:59:29,837 --> 02:59:30,137
UNDERSTAND.

4460
02:59:30,137 --> 02:59:31,539
AND SO I DON'T KNOW IF THAT

4461
02:59:31,539 --> 02:59:33,341
ANSWERS YOUR QUESTION BUT THAT'S

4462
02:59:33,341 --> 02:59:34,241
WHAT I WOULD SAY.

4463
02:59:34,241 --> 02:59:35,710
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

4464
02:59:35,710 --> 02:59:39,347
LOOK FORWARD TO DISCUSSING THAT

4465
02:59:39,347 --> 02:59:39,547
MORE.

4466
02:59:39,547 --> 02:59:41,949
DR. VIGGIANI, WE'LL TURN IT OVER

4467
02:59:41,949 --> 02:59:42,983
TO YOU.

4468
02:59:42,983 --> 02:59:44,585
>> THANK YOU, LYRIC.

4469
02:59:44,585 --> 02:59:45,786
THANKS, EVERYONE.

4470
02:59:45,786 --> 02:59:50,157
THIS HAS BEEN A REALLY

4471
02:59:50,157 --> 02:59:51,058
INTERESTING CONVERSATION.

4472
02:59:51,058 --> 02:59:53,661
I'VE BEEN PART OF DOZENS OF

4473
02:59:53,661 --> 02:59:54,295
STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS BUT IT'S

4474
02:59:54,295 --> 02:59:57,498
WEIRD TO BE ON THIS SIDE OF THE

4475
02:59:57,498 --> 02:59:57,965
PANEL.

4476
02:59:57,965 --> 02:59:58,933
THE CONVERSATION THIS MORNING

4477
02:59:58,933 --> 03:00:01,435
HAS BROUGHT BACK A LOT OF GOOD

4478
03:00:01,435 --> 03:00:02,436
MEMORIES, REMINDING ME OF THE

4479
03:00:02,436 --> 03:00:04,438
TENSION WITH THIS ISSUE BETWEEN

4480
03:00:04,438 --> 03:00:08,576
THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL. 

4481
03:00:08,576 --> 03:00:10,945
HOW IN THEORY WE HAVE IDEAS BUT

4482
03:00:10,945 --> 03:00:12,646
IN PRACTICE NAILING DOWN THE

4483
03:00:12,646 --> 03:00:15,383
RULES AROUND IT, IN A SENSIBLE

4484
03:00:15,383 --> 03:00:16,384
WAY IS CHALLENGING.

4485
03:00:16,384 --> 03:00:19,353
TODAY WHAT I WANTED TO DO WAS

4486
03:00:19,353 --> 03:00:24,358
TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE

4487
03:00:24,358 --> 03:00:28,863
FUTURE OF DURC, FROM AN

4488
03:00:28,863 --> 03:00:29,397
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE.

4489
03:00:29,397 --> 03:00:34,101
I THINK YOU'RE SEEING THAT.

4490
03:00:34,101 --> 03:00:35,002
>> YEP.

4491
03:00:35,002 --> 03:00:36,504
>> AND I THOUGHT I WOULD
BREAK

4492
03:00:36,504 --> 03:00:38,105
DOWN THE CONVERSATION IN A

4493
03:00:38,105 --> 03:00:42,009
COUPLE WAYS, TWO PARTS.

4494
03:00:42,009 --> 03:00:44,078
FIRST WILL FOCUS ON GENERAL RISK

4495
03:00:44,078 --> 03:00:45,513
ASSESSMENT AND COMPLIANCE IN

4496
03:00:45,513 --> 03:00:46,247
HIGHER EDUCATION.

4497
03:00:46,247 --> 03:00:49,016
GENERALLY HOW WE THINK ABOUT

4498
03:00:49,016 --> 03:00:50,084
IDENTIFYING RESEARCH-RELATED

4499
03:00:50,084 --> 03:00:54,822
RISKS AND SET INSTITUTIONAL 

4500
03:00:54,822 --> 03:00:57,558
PRIORITIES AND MOVE IN TO TALK

4501
03:00:57,558 --> 03:00:58,325
ABOUT SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS

4502
03:00:58,325 --> 03:01:01,962
FOR THE FUTURE OF DURC OVERSIGHT

4503
03:01:01,962 --> 03:01:05,499
AND LEVERAGE BIOSAFETY, CONTROLS

4504
03:01:05,499 --> 03:01:06,333
AND OUTREACH.

4505
03:01:06,333 --> 03:01:11,038
FOR A QUICK SNAPSHOT OREGON

4506
03:01:11,038 --> 03:01:13,941
STATE, A LAND GRANT INSTITUTION

4507
03:01:13,941 --> 03:01:15,943
IN CORVALLIS, THREE CAMPUSES, 11

4508
03:01:15,943 --> 03:01:19,346
COLLEGES, HEAVILY AGRICULTURAL 

4509
03:01:19,346 --> 03:01:21,215
BUT HAVE A NUMBER OF COLLEGES

4510
03:01:21,215 --> 03:01:23,184
THAT ARE RESEARCH HEAVY.

4511
03:01:23,184 --> 03:01:27,988
TOP RESEARCHERS DOING CLIMATE

4512
03:01:27,988 --> 03:01:29,056
SCIENCE, WE HAVE ENGINEERING

4513
03:01:29,056 --> 03:01:31,292
COLLEGE DOING CUTTING EDGE WORK

4514
03:01:31,292 --> 03:01:32,993
ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, TOP

4515
03:01:32,993 --> 03:01:34,562
FORESTRY COLLEGE IN THE WORLD,

4516
03:01:34,562 --> 03:01:37,298
AS WELL AS A WHOLE RANGE OF LIFE

4517
03:01:37,298 --> 03:01:40,668
SCIENCES RESEARCH THROUGHOUT OUR

4518
03:01:40,668 --> 03:01:41,902
OTHER COLLEGES.

4519
03:01:41,902 --> 03:01:43,537
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT COMPLIANCE

4520
03:01:43,537 --> 03:01:46,373
IN SUCH A BROAD AND DECENTRALIZE

4521
03:01:46,373 --> 03:01:48,576
THE UNIVERSITY LANDSCAPE AS OSU,

4522
03:01:48,576 --> 03:01:56,116
WE THINK ABOUT UT INSTITUTIONAL

4523
03:01:56,116 --> 03:02:01,689
COMPLIANCE, AT A HIGH LEVEL. 

4524
03:02:01,689 --> 03:02:04,191
I'VE STOLEN THIS SLIDE FROM THE

4525
03:02:04,191 --> 03:02:05,259
COMPLIANCE DIRECTOR, HIGHER ED

4526
03:02:05,259 --> 03:02:07,027
IS HIGH HE WILL REGULATED.

4527
03:02:07,027 --> 03:02:09,864
COMPLIANCE IS COMPLEX AND

4528
03:02:09,864 --> 03:02:10,865
CROSS-CUTTING.

4529
03:02:10,865 --> 03:02:13,167
SO I MIGHT HIGHLIGHT THE COLUMN

4530
03:02:13,167 --> 03:02:15,369
OF RESEARCH RISKS, THAT I

4531
03:02:15,369 --> 03:02:17,671
USUALLY FOCUS ON IN MY POSITION.

4532
03:02:17,671 --> 03:02:20,708
BUT THERE'S A NUMBER OF OTHER

4533
03:02:20,708 --> 03:02:22,676
COMPLIANCE AREAS THAT CAN BECOME

4534
03:02:22,676 --> 03:02:27,014
RESEARCH ISSUES, IF IT INVOLVES

4535
03:02:27,014 --> 03:02:27,314
RESEARCHERS.

4536
03:02:27,314 --> 03:02:30,784
SAFETY OF MINOR IS NOT A

4537
03:02:30,784 --> 03:02:31,552
RESEARCH ISSUE UNLESS

4538
03:02:31,552 --> 03:02:32,453
VOLUNTEERING IN THE LABORATORY

4539
03:02:32,453 --> 03:02:33,754
IN THE SUMMER.

4540
03:02:33,754 --> 03:02:35,956
WE START TO WORRY ABOUT THAT.

4541
03:02:35,956 --> 03:02:39,126
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT RISK AT THE

4542
03:02:39,126 --> 03:02:41,095
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL, WE WORRY

4543
03:02:41,095 --> 03:02:42,396
ABOUT OUR MISSION, FILL FULL OUR

4544
03:02:42,396 --> 03:02:44,265
MISSION, IS IT SOMETHING WE'RE

4545
03:02:44,265 --> 03:02:46,767
DOING OR NOT DOING THAT IS

4546
03:02:46,767 --> 03:02:48,536
PREVENTING US FROM ACHIEVING OUR

4547
03:02:48,536 --> 03:02:50,838
CORE RESEARCH MISSION?

4548
03:02:50,838 --> 03:02:52,907
WE THINK ABOUT HUMAN HEALTH AND

4549
03:02:52,907 --> 03:02:58,145
LIFE SAFETY, PROTECTING OUR 

4550
03:02:58,145 --> 03:02:59,480
PEOPLE, STUDENTS, EMPLOYEES,

4551
03:02:59,480 --> 03:03:03,417
WORRY ABOUT ANIMAL WELFARE

4552
03:03:03,417 --> 03:03:04,952
PROTECTING ANIMALS IN OUR

4553
03:03:04,952 --> 03:03:06,353
RESEARCH STATION, ABOUT

4554
03:03:06,353 --> 03:03:08,222
INTEGRITY, PROMOTING HONEST AND

4555
03:03:08,222 --> 03:03:11,225
ETHICAL BEHAVIOR AMONG NOT JUST

4556
03:03:11,225 --> 03:03:12,493
RESEARCHERS BUT EMPLOYEES

4557
03:03:12,493 --> 03:03:13,060
BROADLY.

4558
03:03:13,060 --> 03:03:14,495
THERE'S LEGAL AND REGULATORY

4559
03:03:14,495 --> 03:03:15,729
RISKS, WHERE THE DURC POLICY

4560
03:03:15,729 --> 03:03:16,797
COMES IN, IN PART.

4561
03:03:16,797 --> 03:03:18,766
WE WANT TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE

4562
03:03:18,766 --> 03:03:21,168
WITH EXISTING REGULATIONS AND BE

4563
03:03:21,168 --> 03:03:23,470
ABLE TO ADAPT AS THOSE

4564
03:03:23,470 --> 03:03:24,138
REGULATIONS CHANGE.

4565
03:03:24,138 --> 03:03:25,439
THERE'S FINANCIAL RISK AND WE

4566
03:03:25,439 --> 03:03:29,710
WANT TO BE GOOD STEWARDS OF

4567
03:03:29,710 --> 03:03:31,879
UNIVERSITY RESOURCES, MOST

4568
03:03:31,879 --> 03:03:34,315
RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH COME FROM

4569
03:03:34,315 --> 03:03:36,584
TAXPAYERS, WE WANT TO PREVENT

4570
03:03:36,584 --> 03:03:41,956
WASTE, FRAUD, ABUSE THE BEST WE

4571
03:03:41,956 --> 03:03:43,057
CAN.

4572
03:03:43,057 --> 03:03:43,924
THERE'S REPUTATIONAL RISKS,

4573
03:03:43,924 --> 03:03:45,793
PUBLIC RELATIONS, THIS IDEA WE

4574
03:03:45,793 --> 03:03:49,163
WANT TO PROMOTE VALUES TO ENSURE

4575
03:03:49,163 --> 03:03:50,264
THAT OSU REMAINS RESPECTED AND

4576
03:03:50,264 --> 03:03:51,999
DESIRABLE PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO

4577
03:03:51,999 --> 03:03:53,534
COME, TO SEND THEIR KIDS TO

4578
03:03:53,534 --> 03:03:55,736
LEARN, FOR FACULTY TO COME AND

4579
03:03:55,736 --> 03:03:57,605
DO RESEARCH.

4580
03:03:57,605 --> 03:03:58,272
INSTITUTIONAL COMPLIANCE IS

4581
03:03:58,272 --> 03:04:02,009
ABOUT SETTING UP THE POLICIES,

4582
03:04:02,009 --> 03:04:03,877
PROCESSES, PROGRAMS THAT MANAGE

4583
03:04:03,877 --> 03:04:06,380
ALL OF THESE RISK AREAS.

4584
03:04:06,380 --> 03:04:09,116
YOU CAN SEE IT'S RESEARCH

4585
03:04:09,116 --> 03:04:10,417
FOCUSED, INSTITUTIONS ACROSS THE

4586
03:04:10,417 --> 03:04:13,921
COUNTRY THINK IN SIMILAR WAYS.

4587
03:04:13,921 --> 03:04:17,758
 

4588
03:04:17,758 --> 03:04:19,293
TO ASSESS RISKS AND PRIORITIZE

4589
03:04:19,293 --> 03:04:21,629
ACTIVITIES IT CAN BE TOP-DOWN

4590
03:04:21,629 --> 03:04:22,363
AND BOTTOM-UP.

4591
03:04:22,363 --> 03:04:29,470
WE HAVE A BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND

4592
03:04:29,470 --> 03:04:30,838
UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS, SETTING

4593
03:04:30,838 --> 03:04:31,538
PRIORITIES, ESPOUSING OUR

4594
03:04:31,538 --> 03:04:32,006
VALUES.

4595
03:04:32,006 --> 03:04:36,377
WHEN THEY SAY WE WANT TO BEEF UP

4596
03:04:36,377 --> 03:04:39,613
TITLE 9, THAT MESSAGE TRICKLES

4597
03:04:39,613 --> 03:04:41,415
TO APPROPRIATE DIVISION, TO THE

4598
03:04:41,415 --> 03:04:44,818
UNITS, AND WE BOLSTER THOSE,

4599
03:04:44,818 --> 03:04:46,887
TYPICALLY WITH RESOURCES.

4600
03:04:46,887 --> 03:04:49,623
THERE'S A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO

4601
03:04:49,623 --> 03:04:51,058
RISK ASSESSMENT.

4602
03:04:51,058 --> 03:04:55,963
BELOW THE PRESIDENT, THE

4603
03:04:55,963 --> 03:04:57,164
COMMITTEE CHAIRED BY PROVOST,

4604
03:04:57,164 --> 03:04:59,466
INCLUDING OTHER VICE PRESIDENTS,

4605
03:04:59,466 --> 03:05:00,601
UNIVERSITY COMPLIANCE DIRECTOR,

4606
03:05:00,601 --> 03:05:01,769
AUDIT, GENERAL COUNSEL AND

4607
03:05:01,769 --> 03:05:02,302
OTHERS.

4608
03:05:02,302 --> 03:05:04,171
THIS GROUP IS THE TOP LEVEL

4609
03:05:04,171 --> 03:05:06,240
COMPLIANCE GROUP THAT THINKS

4610
03:05:06,240 --> 03:05:08,642
ABOUT INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL RISK

4611
03:05:08,642 --> 03:05:11,145
AREAS, AND HELPS TO SET

4612
03:05:11,145 --> 03:05:13,447
PRIORITIES TO SOME DEGREE.

4613
03:05:13,447 --> 03:05:15,449
AGAIN, THIS IS BROAD COMPLIANCE,

4614
03:05:15,449 --> 03:05:16,383
THESE ARE SOME COMPLIANCE AREAS

4615
03:05:16,383 --> 03:05:18,385
THAT I PUT ON THE PREVIOUS SLIDE

4616
03:05:18,385 --> 03:05:20,721
THAT MIGHT INVOLVE THINGS LIKE

4617
03:05:20,721 --> 03:05:22,990
TITLE 9, HUMAN RESOURCES, SAFETY

4618
03:05:22,990 --> 03:05:25,459
OF MINORS, A WHOLE RANGE OF

4619
03:05:25,459 --> 03:05:26,927
THING NOT NECESSARILY RESEARCH.

4620
03:05:26,927 --> 03:05:28,896
BELOW THAT RESEARCH RISK AND

4621
03:05:28,896 --> 03:05:30,764
COMPLIANCE COMMITTEE TO RUN BY

4622
03:05:30,764 --> 03:05:32,700
OUR VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH,

4623
03:05:32,700 --> 03:05:36,804
INCLUDES ME, OTHER VICE

4624
03:05:36,804 --> 03:05:38,539
PRESIDENTS, AVPs FROM RELEVANT

4625
03:05:38,539 --> 03:05:41,375
AREAS, AND WE THINK ABOUT

4626
03:05:41,375 --> 03:05:44,344
RESEARCH-SPECIFIC RISKS, IT'S

4627
03:05:44,344 --> 03:05:48,382
IMPORTANT TO HEAR VOICES FROM 

4628
03:05:48,382 --> 03:05:49,583
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY,

4629
03:05:49,583 --> 03:05:54,955
IMPACTING THE WAY WE SEE

4630
03:05:54,955 --> 03:05:55,255
OVERREACH.

4631
03:05:55,255 --> 03:05:57,558
AND THE PROGRAMS THAT I OVERSEE

4632
03:05:57,558 --> 03:05:59,693
IN MY OFFICE, OUR CORE

4633
03:05:59,693 --> 03:06:03,697
COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY

4634
03:06:03,697 --> 03:06:03,964
FUNCTIONS.

4635
03:06:03,964 --> 03:06:07,601
OUR IRB, IACUC, IBC, GLOBAL

4636
03:06:07,601 --> 03:06:08,969
ENGAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE

4637
03:06:08,969 --> 03:06:09,737
COMMITTEE.

4638
03:06:09,737 --> 03:06:13,340
THESE GROUPS ARE DEVOTED TO

4639
03:06:13,340 --> 03:06:14,508
MANAGING THE PROGRAMS, MANAGING

4640
03:06:14,508 --> 03:06:15,342
SPECIFIC RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH

4641
03:06:15,342 --> 03:06:22,516
PROTEOMIC COLTS -- PROTOCOLS AND

4642
03:06:22,516 --> 03:06:23,417
PROGRAMMATIC ASSESSMENT AND

4643
03:06:23,417 --> 03:06:23,951
IMPROVEMENT.

4644
03:06:23,951 --> 03:06:25,052
ANOTHER SNAPSHOT OF THE RISKS

4645
03:06:25,052 --> 03:06:27,688
OVER THE PAST YEAR OR SO, I

4646
03:06:27,688 --> 03:06:29,022
WON'T GO THROUGH ALL OF THESE

4647
03:06:29,022 --> 03:06:30,524
BUT PUT THEM UP TO HERE TO SAY

4648
03:06:30,524 --> 03:06:31,792
THEY ARE BROAD AND THERE'S QUITE

4649
03:06:31,792 --> 03:06:34,495
A NUMBER OF THEM.

4650
03:06:34,495 --> 03:06:36,463
THE ONES ON THE LEFT ARE WHAT

4651
03:06:36,463 --> 03:06:39,099
BUBBLED UP TO THE INSTITUTIONAL

4652
03:06:39,099 --> 03:06:40,400
LEVEL, COMPLIANCE EXECUTIVE

4653
03:06:40,400 --> 03:06:44,671
COMMITTEE OR RESEARCH RISK AND 

4654
03:06:44,671 --> 03:06:45,305
COMPLIANCE.

4655
03:06:45,305 --> 03:06:47,708
ON THE RIGHT WE FOCUS ON THESE

4656
03:06:47,708 --> 03:06:50,477
IN THE RESEARCH INTEGRITY.

4657
03:06:50,477 --> 03:06:52,212
HUMAN SUBJECTS OUTSIDE

4658
03:06:52,212 --> 03:06:53,547
INTERESTS, FOREIGN INFLUENCE,

4659
03:06:53,547 --> 03:06:54,748
BROADER CONFLICTS OF INTEREST,

4660
03:06:54,748 --> 03:06:56,283
EXPORT CONTROLS ARE ALL ON

4661
03:06:56,283 --> 03:06:57,050
THERE.

4662
03:06:57,050 --> 03:06:58,719
I SHARE THIS ONLY TO SAY WHEN IT

4663
03:06:58,719 --> 03:07:00,454
COMES TO THINGS LIKE COMPLIANCE

4664
03:07:00,454 --> 03:07:02,756
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW

4665
03:07:02,756 --> 03:07:04,992
POLICIES AS THEY EVOLVE, IT

4666
03:07:04,992 --> 03:07:07,561
BECOMES A MATTER OF

4667
03:07:07,561 --> 03:07:08,328
PRIORITYIZATION AND TRADEOFFS.

4668
03:07:08,328 --> 03:07:11,165
HERE IS A FEW EXAMPLES OF THE

4669
03:07:11,165 --> 03:07:13,467
TRADEOFFS WE'VE MADE, EVEN IN

4670
03:07:13,467 --> 03:07:14,334
RECENT YEARS.

4671
03:07:14,334 --> 03:07:16,870
THE FIRST IS EXAMPLE OF

4672
03:07:16,870 --> 03:07:18,972
INVESTING, AND THIS INVOLVES

4673
03:07:18,972 --> 03:07:21,775
MODERNIZING OUR RESEARCH I.T.

4674
03:07:21,775 --> 03:07:22,843
INFRASTRUCTURE.

4675
03:07:22,843 --> 03:07:23,944
NEW SOFTWARE PACKAGES ARE

4676
03:07:23,944 --> 03:07:26,046
PROBABLY NOT THE MOST EXCITING

4677
03:07:26,046 --> 03:07:28,549
THING TO TALK ABOUT BUT IT'S THE

4678
03:07:28,549 --> 03:07:30,017
FOUNDATIONAL INVESTMENT THAT CAN

4679
03:07:30,017 --> 03:07:31,285
HAVE BROADER IMPACT ACROSS THE

4680
03:07:31,285 --> 03:07:32,886
RESEARCH OFFICE AND MANAGE RISKS

4681
03:07:32,886 --> 03:07:33,854
IN MULTIPLE PROGRAMS.

4682
03:07:33,854 --> 03:07:36,156
IN THIS CASE WE'LL BE STANDING

4683
03:07:36,156 --> 03:07:39,760
UP A NEW SOFTWARE PACKAGE THAT

4684
03:07:39,760 --> 03:07:41,495
WILL LINK OUT SPONSORED

4685
03:07:41,495 --> 03:07:43,263
PROGRAMS, GRANTS AND CONTRACTS,

4686
03:07:43,263 --> 03:07:44,131
WITH RESEARCH COMPLIANCE

4687
03:07:44,131 --> 03:07:45,966
FUNCTION SO WE'LL HAVE BETTER

4688
03:07:45,966 --> 03:07:47,734
VISIBILITY INTO THE COMPLIANCE

4689
03:07:47,734 --> 03:07:48,836
OBLIGATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

4690
03:07:48,836 --> 03:07:49,803
SPECIFIC AWARDS.

4691
03:07:49,803 --> 03:07:52,739
THIS WILL SERVE OUR CONFLICT OF

4692
03:07:52,739 --> 03:07:54,107
INTEREST PROGRAM, HUMAN SUBJECTS

4693
03:07:54,107 --> 03:07:55,075
PROGRAM, FORMING A FOUNDATION OF

4694
03:07:55,075 --> 03:08:05,485
YOU WHAT -- OF A BROADER

4695
03:08:05,752 --> 03:08:06,353
PLATFORM.

4696
03:08:06,353 --> 03:08:09,089
WE HAVE ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF

4697
03:08:09,089 --> 03:08:09,456
DEPRIORITIZING.

4698
03:08:09,456 --> 03:08:11,925
WE DID SCALE BACK OUR

4699
03:08:11,925 --> 03:08:12,860
CAPABILITIES TO DO SOME

4700
03:08:12,860 --> 03:08:15,229
INFECTIOUS DISEASE RESEARCH, ONE

4701
03:08:15,229 --> 03:08:17,197
OF THE THOSE INSTITUTIONS THAT

4702
03:08:17,197 --> 03:08:21,134
SHUTTERED OUR SELECT AGENT

4703
03:08:21,134 --> 03:08:23,904
PROGRAMMING, AND CONSIDERING

4704
03:08:23,904 --> 03:08:28,709
WHETHER TO DECOMMISSION OUR BSL3

4705
03:08:28,709 --> 03:08:29,810
FACILITY, EFFECTIVELY

4706
03:08:29,810 --> 03:08:31,879
DECOMMISSIONED FOR SOME YEARS,

4707
03:08:31,879 --> 03:08:33,180
UNDERGOING RENOVATION, PROVING

4708
03:08:33,180 --> 03:08:34,615
TO BE EXPENSIVE AND IT'S

4709
03:08:34,615 --> 03:08:36,049
PROBABLY NOT GOING TO BUY US

4710
03:08:36,049 --> 03:08:38,886
THAT MANY ADDITIONAL YEARS OF

4711
03:08:38,886 --> 03:08:39,319
SERVICE.

4712
03:08:39,319 --> 03:08:42,155
AS A RESULT OF GENERALLY

4713
03:08:42,155 --> 03:08:45,592
RELATIVELY LOW RESEARCH DEMAND 

4714
03:08:45,592 --> 03:08:46,660
AND HIGH COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS,

4715
03:08:46,660 --> 03:08:48,662
DESIRE TO NOT CUT CORNERS ON

4716
03:08:48,662 --> 03:08:50,397
SAFETY WE SHUTTERED THOSE

4717
03:08:50,397 --> 03:08:50,764
PROGRAMS.

4718
03:08:50,764 --> 03:08:52,266
ANOTHER EXAMPLE COMES WITH DATA

4719
03:08:52,266 --> 03:08:53,433
AND INFORMATION SECURITY.

4720
03:08:53,433 --> 03:08:56,603
HERE WE'RE HAVE A MIXED BAG.

4721
03:08:56,603 --> 03:08:59,773
RECENTLY WE TERMINATED OUR

4722
03:08:59,773 --> 03:09:02,075
STATUS AS DoD-CLEARED

4723
03:09:02,075 --> 03:09:04,278
FACILITY, GIVING US POTENTIAL TO

4724
03:09:04,278 --> 03:09:06,146
ACCEPT AWARDS FROM DoD THAT

4725
03:09:06,146 --> 03:09:10,083
CONTAINED GENERATION OR STORAGE

4726
03:09:10,083 --> 03:09:11,818
OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.

4727
03:09:11,818 --> 03:09:15,656
WE TERMINATED BECAUSE OF A HIGH

4728
03:09:15,656 --> 03:09:16,223
COMPLIANCE BURDEN, REQUIRING

4729
03:09:16,223 --> 03:09:19,359
EXPERTISE, THAT WE NO LONGER HAD

4730
03:09:19,359 --> 03:09:22,996
WHEN WE LOST PREVIOUS EXPORT

4731
03:09:22,996 --> 03:09:23,363
OFFICER.

4732
03:09:23,363 --> 03:09:25,332
AND IN GENERAL THERE WAS LOW

4733
03:09:25,332 --> 03:09:25,999
DEMAND.

4734
03:09:25,999 --> 03:09:27,734
THERE'S NOT NO DEMAND, THIS DOES

4735
03:09:27,734 --> 03:09:30,237
COME AT A COST, FACULTY WANT TO

4736
03:09:30,237 --> 03:09:31,004
PARTICIPATE IN CLASSIFIED

4737
03:09:31,004 --> 03:09:32,306
RESEARCH AND WE'RE FIGURING OUT

4738
03:09:32,306 --> 03:09:33,840
WAYS THEY CAN PARTNER WITH

4739
03:09:33,840 --> 03:09:35,475
INDUSTRY AND OTHERS TO MAKE THAT

4740
03:09:35,475 --> 03:09:36,910
HAPPEN BUT WE CAN'T STORE THE

4741
03:09:36,910 --> 03:09:44,685
INFORMATION HERE AT OSU 

4742
03:09:44,685 --> 03:09:45,018
ANYMORE.

4743
03:09:45,018 --> 03:09:48,088
WE'RE INVESTING AND HAVE CUI

4744
03:09:48,088 --> 03:09:49,056
CAPABILITIES, CHIEF INFORMATION

4745
03:09:49,056 --> 03:09:51,792
SECURITY OFFICER IS BUILDING UP

4746
03:09:51,792 --> 03:09:53,327
CAPABILITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK,

4747
03:09:53,327 --> 03:09:55,162
THE ONGOING RISK ASSESSMENT WE

4748
03:09:55,162 --> 03:09:57,597
MAKE AND HOW WE SET PRIORITIES

4749
03:09:57,597 --> 03:10:00,334
AND HOW WE TRY TO PLAN FOR THE

4750
03:10:00,334 --> 03:10:00,667
FUTURE.

4751
03:10:00,667 --> 03:10:02,302
THE QUESTION IS HOW DOES THIS

4752
03:10:02,302 --> 03:10:03,737
RELATE TO DURC?

4753
03:10:03,737 --> 03:10:06,239
IT'S ALL ABOUT INSTITUTIONAL

4754
03:10:06,239 --> 03:10:08,008
COMPLIANCE BUT THE KEY IS

4755
03:10:08,008 --> 03:10:11,078
POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT OF DUAL

4756
03:10:11,078 --> 03:10:12,813
USE RESEARCH RISKS WILL EXIST

4757
03:10:12,813 --> 03:10:17,584
WITHIN THIS INSTITUTIONAL RISK

4758
03:10:17,584 --> 03:10:19,586
ASSESSMENT AND COMPLIANCE

4759
03:10:19,586 --> 03:10:19,853
FRAMEWORK.

4760
03:10:19,853 --> 03:10:21,154
INSTITUTIONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY

4761
03:10:21,154 --> 03:10:22,789
WILL APPLY THEIR OWN RISK

4762
03:10:22,789 --> 03:10:26,293
ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORKS AS THE

4763
03:10:26,293 --> 03:10:27,060
DURC POLICIES EVOLVE.

4764
03:10:27,060 --> 03:10:28,929
AND WHEN THEY MAKE DECISIONS

4765
03:10:28,929 --> 03:10:31,331
ABOUT HOW TO IMPLEMENT IT AND

4766
03:10:31,331 --> 03:10:32,632
DEVOTE RESOURCES, THEY WILL

4767
03:10:32,632 --> 03:10:34,468
COMPARE IT WITH OTHER COMPLIANCE

4768
03:10:34,468 --> 03:10:34,901
OBLIGATIONS.

4769
03:10:34,901 --> 03:10:37,337
THEY WILL BRING TO BEAR THEIR

4770
03:10:37,337 --> 03:10:39,106
OWN PERCEPTIONS OF RISK, WE'LL

4771
03:10:39,106 --> 03:10:40,507
ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT WHAT

4772
03:10:40,507 --> 03:10:42,909
RESOURCES DO WE DEVOTE TO THIS,

4773
03:10:42,909 --> 03:10:46,179
AT THE PROJECT LEVEL IF WE

4774
03:10:46,179 --> 03:10:48,382
IMPLEMENT POLICY WE'LL HAVE OUR

4775
03:10:48,382 --> 03:10:49,516
OWN RISK TOLERANCE FOR

4776
03:10:49,516 --> 03:10:51,918
ACCEPTANCE OF DURC AND WHAT A

4777
03:10:51,918 --> 03:10:53,420
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OUGHT

4778
03:10:53,420 --> 03:10:54,855
TO LOOK LIKE.

4779
03:10:54,855 --> 03:10:56,590
WE'LL CONSIDER RESEARCH MISSIONS

4780
03:10:56,590 --> 03:10:57,791
AND PORTFOLIOS, ANY COMES DOWN

4781
03:10:57,791 --> 03:10:59,993
TO THE DEMANDS FOR RESEARCHERS.

4782
03:10:59,993 --> 03:11:00,794
IF WE HAVE A NUMBER OF

4783
03:11:00,794 --> 03:11:02,295
RESEARCHERS WHO WANT TO DO DURC

4784
03:11:02,295 --> 03:11:08,301
THAT'S SUBJECT TO  POLICY IT'S

4785
03:11:08,301 --> 03:11:10,037
LIKELY WE'LL IMPLEMENT IT WELL.

4786
03:11:10,037 --> 03:11:13,440
WE MAY LOOK AT TRADEOFFS, IF WE

4787
03:11:13,440 --> 03:11:14,541
DON'T, AROUND SELECT AGENTS,

4788
03:11:14,541 --> 03:11:16,209
THIS ISN'T RESEARCH WE CAN

4789
03:11:16,209 --> 03:11:19,446
DEVOTE A LOT OF SUPPORT TO AT

4790
03:11:19,446 --> 03:11:19,679
OSU.

4791
03:11:19,679 --> 03:11:21,415
I THINK WE'LL ASK QUESTIONS

4792
03:11:21,415 --> 03:11:22,816
ABOUT HOW READILY DURC OVERSIGHT

4793
03:11:22,816 --> 03:11:24,684
CAN BE BUILT INTO EXISTING

4794
03:11:24,684 --> 03:11:25,185
PROGRAMS.

4795
03:11:25,185 --> 03:11:26,553
WE LEARNED A LOT THIS MORNING

4796
03:11:26,553 --> 03:11:28,088
ABOUT HOW THIS CAN BE DONE.

4797
03:11:28,088 --> 03:11:31,058
I'LL SHARE A COUPLE OTHER

4798
03:11:31,058 --> 03:11:32,259
THOUGHTS ON THAT.

4799
03:11:32,259 --> 03:11:34,561
SO AS WE THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE

4800
03:11:34,561 --> 03:11:36,797
OF DURC OVERSIGHT AND POLICIES,

4801
03:11:36,797 --> 03:11:40,500
I WOULD OFFER A FEW

4802
03:11:40,500 --> 03:11:41,435
CONSIDERATIONS.

4803
03:11:41,435 --> 03:11:42,436
ONE, I'D SUGGEST POLICIES DO NOT

4804
03:11:42,436 --> 03:11:43,437
NEED TO BE PERFECT.

4805
03:11:43,437 --> 03:11:45,572
THEY CAN'T BE BUT SHOULD BE

4806
03:11:45,572 --> 03:11:48,108
ADAPTABLE AND NIMBLE TO SOME

4807
03:11:48,108 --> 03:11:49,209
DEGREE.

4808
03:11:49,209 --> 03:11:51,144
I THINK WE'VE LEARNED AND I WAS

4809
03:11:51,144 --> 03:11:53,447
FORCED TO REMEMBER HOW DIFFICULT

4810
03:11:53,447 --> 03:11:56,850
THE DUAL USE DILEMMA IS AND HOW

4811
03:11:56,850 --> 03:12:01,054
COMPLEX IT'S PROVEN TO DEVELOP

4812
03:12:01,054 --> 03:12:02,155
POLICY AROUND.

4813
03:12:02,155 --> 03:12:03,790
THERE'S ALMOST A FUNDAMENTAL

4814
03:12:03,790 --> 03:12:05,192
DISAGREEMENT WHAT IS OF CONCERN

4815
03:12:05,192 --> 03:12:07,194
BUT THERE'S GENERAL AGREEMENT

4816
03:12:07,194 --> 03:12:10,163
THAT CONCERN IS RAPIDLY EVOLVING

4817
03:12:10,163 --> 03:12:15,135
AS SCIENCE EVOLVES, IT'S HARD TO

4818
03:12:15,135 --> 03:12:16,503
WRITE RULES AROUND THAT.

4819
03:12:16,503 --> 03:12:19,506
WE KNOW SOME RISKS ARE EASIER TO

4820
03:12:19,506 --> 03:12:22,209
MANAGE THAN OTHERS.

4821
03:12:22,209 --> 03:12:24,111
WE HEARD ABOUT BIOSAFETY AND

4822
03:12:24,111 --> 03:12:25,378
PHYSICAL SECURITY, THINGS LIKE

4823
03:12:25,378 --> 03:12:25,812
THAT.

4824
03:12:25,812 --> 03:12:27,481
BUT MANAGING RISKS ASSOCIATED

4825
03:12:27,481 --> 03:12:28,682
WITH INFORMATION HAS PROVEN

4826
03:12:28,682 --> 03:12:30,317
REALLY CHALLENGING.

4827
03:12:30,317 --> 03:12:33,053
SHORT OF REDACTION, WHICH ISN'T

4828
03:12:33,053 --> 03:12:34,921
SIMPLE, I'M NOT SURE WHAT

4829
03:12:34,921 --> 03:12:37,757
EXACTLY A GREAT STRATEGY IS TO

4830
03:12:37,757 --> 03:12:38,525
MANAGE INFORMATION.

4831
03:12:38,525 --> 03:12:40,393
WE TALKED THIS MORNING ABOUT THE

4832
03:12:40,393 --> 03:12:42,929
SCOPE, I WON'T GO INTO DETAIL,

4833
03:12:42,929 --> 03:12:46,500
OTHER THAN TO SAY THAT NO MATTER

4834
03:12:46,500 --> 03:12:48,368
THE SCOPE, WHETHER LIST OR RISK

4835
03:12:48,368 --> 03:12:50,904
BASED, EACH WILL HAVE THEIR OWN

4836
03:12:50,904 --> 03:12:51,438
STRENGTHS, THEIR OWN

4837
03:12:51,438 --> 03:12:57,210
LIMITATIONS, NOUN WILL BE  -- 

4838
03:12:57,210 --> 03:12:59,946
BUT NONE WILL BE PERFECT.

4839
03:12:59,946 --> 03:13:04,451
I SUGGEST FOCUS ON HIGHEST, WITH

4840
03:13:04,451 --> 03:13:06,119
GENERAL AGREEMENT, AND POLICY

4841
03:13:06,119 --> 03:13:09,489
SHOULD INCLUDE SOME MECHANISM

4842
03:13:09,489 --> 03:13:10,390
FOR PERIODICALLY UPDATING THE

4843
03:13:10,390 --> 03:13:14,628
POLICY TO EXPAND OR LOOSEN

4844
03:13:14,628 --> 03:13:15,328
OVERSIGHT.

4845
03:13:15,328 --> 03:13:19,032
I THINK WE'RE IN A GOOD POSITION

4846
03:13:19,032 --> 03:13:20,967
NOW, DISCUSSIONS HAVE GONE ON

4847
03:13:20,967 --> 03:13:24,471
FOR ALMOST 20 YEARS NOW, AND THE

4848
03:13:24,471 --> 03:13:26,039
POLL IS ABOUT TEN YEARS OLD.

4849
03:13:26,039 --> 03:13:27,474
WE CAN LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE.

4850
03:13:27,474 --> 03:13:29,309
I ASSUME WE ARE.

4851
03:13:29,309 --> 03:13:32,879
I THINK THAT JUST HAVING THESE

4852
03:13:32,879 --> 03:13:33,947
STAKEHOLDER CONVERSATIONS IS

4853
03:13:33,947 --> 03:13:35,482
BENEFICIAL AND IMPORTANT.

4854
03:13:35,482 --> 03:13:37,250
HERE'S SOME QUESTIONS WE MIGHT

4855
03:13:37,250 --> 03:13:39,452
CONSIDER, ANYTIME WE WANT TO

4856
03:13:39,452 --> 03:13:40,153
REVISE THE POLICY.

4857
03:13:40,153 --> 03:13:41,721
HOW MUCH DURC HAVE WE IDENTIFIED

4858
03:13:41,721 --> 03:13:42,289
ALREADY?

4859
03:13:42,289 --> 03:13:44,024
UNDER THE TWO EXISTING POLICIES

4860
03:13:44,024 --> 03:13:45,892
WE KNOW WE'VE IDENTIFIED SOME.

4861
03:13:45,892 --> 03:13:48,195
WE CAN ASK QUESTIONS HOW MUCH

4862
03:13:48,195 --> 03:13:49,196
WE'VE IDENTIFIED AND

4863
03:13:49,196 --> 03:13:51,064
SPECIFICALLY HOW CONCERNING

4864
03:13:51,064 --> 03:13:52,599
THOSE EXPERIMENTS ACTUALLY ARE.

4865
03:13:52,599 --> 03:13:55,435
IS THERE BROAD AGREEMENT THAT

4866
03:13:55,435 --> 03:13:56,203
WHAT WE'VE IDENTIFIED

4867
03:13:56,203 --> 03:13:58,171
CONSTITUTES DURC AND CONCERNING

4868
03:13:58,171 --> 03:14:01,241
ENOUGH THEY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL

4869
03:14:01,241 --> 03:14:01,508
OVERSIGHT?

4870
03:14:01,508 --> 03:14:03,043
MAYBE WE'RE IDENTIFYING THINGS

4871
03:14:03,043 --> 03:14:07,814
THAT  AREN'T SO WORRISOME.

4872
03:14:07,814 --> 03:14:10,450
WE CAN TAKE A LOOK AT RISK

4873
03:14:10,450 --> 03:14:12,319
MANAGEMENT PLANS AND SEE IF

4874
03:14:12,319 --> 03:14:13,186
WE'RE IDENTIFYING GOOD

4875
03:14:13,186 --> 03:14:15,355
STRATEGIES HOW TO MANAGE

4876
03:14:15,355 --> 03:14:20,627
ESPECIALLY INFORMATIONAL RISKS, 

4877
03:14:20,627 --> 03:14:21,728
BUT ANY OTHER RISKS.

4878
03:14:21,728 --> 03:14:24,030
WE CAN SEE IF STUDIES WERE

4879
03:14:24,030 --> 03:14:24,864
IDENTIFIED AT DURC BUT DIDN'T

4880
03:14:24,864 --> 03:14:26,533
NEED TO BE COVERED BY THE

4881
03:14:26,533 --> 03:14:27,300
POLICY.

4882
03:14:27,300 --> 03:14:29,169
HOW WERE THEY HANDLED, IS THERE

4883
03:14:29,169 --> 03:14:31,571
AGREEMENT THEY SHOULD HAVE BEEN

4884
03:14:31,571 --> 03:14:33,306
COVERED, IF FINE THEY FELL

4885
03:14:33,306 --> 03:14:35,742
OUTSIDE THE POLICY?

4886
03:14:35,742 --> 03:14:37,744
HOW WERE THEY MANAGED?

4887
03:14:37,744 --> 03:14:39,212
WERE THERE CONSEQUENCES TO

4888
03:14:39,212 --> 03:14:42,849
MANAGING AT DURC OR NOT AS DURC?

4889
03:14:42,849 --> 03:14:46,886
IN ADDITION WE SHOULD ASK

4890
03:14:46,886 --> 03:14:48,755
QUESTIONS ABOUT RESOURCING.

4891
03:14:48,755 --> 03:14:50,824
HOW MANY RESOURCES WERE DEVOTED

4892
03:14:50,824 --> 03:14:52,826
BY FEDERAL FUNDING AGENCIES AND

4893
03:14:52,826 --> 03:14:54,227
INSTITUTIONS TO IDENTIFY AND

4894
03:14:54,227 --> 03:14:55,395
MANAGE DURC?

4895
03:14:55,395 --> 03:14:56,529
WAS THAT COMMENSURATE WITH

4896
03:14:56,529 --> 03:14:57,297
RISKS?

4897
03:14:57,297 --> 03:14:59,699
WE SHOULD THINK ABOUT SOME

4898
03:14:59,699 --> 03:15:02,102
OPPORTUNITY COSTS, WHAT POLICY

4899
03:15:02,102 --> 03:15:04,070
OR COMPLIANCE OBLIGATION OR

4900
03:15:04,070 --> 03:15:05,839
RESEARCH INTEGRITY EFFORT DID WE

4901
03:15:05,839 --> 03:15:13,313
DEPRIORITIZE TO FOCUS ON DURC?

4902
03:15:13,313 --> 03:15:18,985
I THINK WE CAN LOOK TO THE

4903
03:15:18,985 --> 03:15:19,753
ENHANCEED PATHOGENS WITH

4904
03:15:19,753 --> 03:15:21,855
PANDEMIC POTENTIAL FRAMEWORK.

4905
03:15:21,855 --> 03:15:24,557
I'M BIASED, I MADE A ROLE IN THE

4906
03:15:24,557 --> 03:15:25,458
DELIBERATIONS, HELPING TO

4907
03:15:25,458 --> 03:15:27,093
DEVELOP THAT POLICY BUT IT'S A

4908
03:15:27,093 --> 03:15:29,029
SOLID STARTING POINT FOR A

4909
03:15:29,029 --> 03:15:34,067
NUMBER OF REASONS.

4910
03:15:34,067 --> 03:15:35,735
FIRST, IT'S AN INSTANCE WITH

4911
03:15:35,735 --> 03:15:36,269
GENERAL AGREEMENT THAT

4912
03:15:36,269 --> 03:15:38,705
SOMETHING, THESE TYPES OF

4913
03:15:38,705 --> 03:15:39,572
STUFFEDDIES CONSTITUTE DEREK.

4914
03:15:39,572 --> 03:15:44,477
A  -- THAT CONSTITUTE DURC.

4915
03:15:44,477 --> 03:15:46,346
IT STARTS WITH THE FEDERAL LEVEL

4916
03:15:46,346 --> 03:15:47,981
IDENTIFICATION OF DURC AT THE

4917
03:15:47,981 --> 03:15:49,015
TIME OF FUNDING.

4918
03:15:49,015 --> 03:15:52,485
THIS IS IMPORTANT.

4919
03:15:52,485 --> 03:15:54,688
AND THEN IT LEVERAGES EXPERTISE

4920
03:15:54,688 --> 03:15:56,890
WE HAVE AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES

4921
03:15:56,890 --> 03:15:58,258
AND ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC

4922
03:15:58,258 --> 03:16:00,927
EXPERTISE, TO MAKE GOOD FUNDING

4923
03:16:00,927 --> 03:16:03,330
DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WE WANT TO

4924
03:16:03,330 --> 03:16:05,532
PURSUE AND FUND MOVING FORWARD.

4925
03:16:05,532 --> 03:16:08,468
IT THEN MOVES TO A PARTNERSHIP

4926
03:16:08,468 --> 03:16:10,537
APPROACH AND ONGOING OVERSIGHT

4927
03:16:10,537 --> 03:16:11,771
WITH RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS.

4928
03:16:11,771 --> 03:16:13,606
THIS ISN'T PERFECT BUT I THINK

4929
03:16:13,606 --> 03:16:17,877
THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK IS A GOOD

4930
03:16:17,877 --> 03:16:18,878
PLACE TO PART.

4931
03:16:18,878 --> 03:16:21,815
I'M HAPPY TO HEAR THAT FRAMEWORK

4932
03:16:21,815 --> 03:16:23,550
IS BEING REVISITED.

4933
03:16:23,550 --> 03:16:27,320
I WOULD JUST REMIND US THAT DURC

4934
03:16:27,320 --> 03:16:29,622
OVERSIGHT IS RELATED TO COME OF

4935
03:16:29,622 --> 03:16:30,490
COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS AND

4936
03:16:30,490 --> 03:16:31,791
OBLIGATIONS AND SHOULD BE

4937
03:16:31,791 --> 03:16:34,661
CONSIDERED WITHIN THAT CONTEXT

4938
03:16:34,661 --> 03:16:36,830
OF PRIORITIZED.

4939
03:16:36,830 --> 03:16:38,164
IT'S NOT EXACTLY TRUE THAT

4940
03:16:38,164 --> 03:16:39,466
ANYTIME THERE'S A POLICY CHANGE

4941
03:16:39,466 --> 03:16:42,102
WE'LL SEE DO WE FOCUS ON DURC OR

4942
03:16:42,102 --> 03:16:45,305
ON CONFLICT OF INTEREST OR FOCUS

4943
03:16:45,305 --> 03:16:47,540
ON REPORTING SEXUAL MISCONDUCT?

4944
03:16:47,540 --> 03:16:49,109
TO SOME DEGREE THERE'S SOME

4945
03:16:49,109 --> 03:16:49,476
TRUTH.

4946
03:16:49,476 --> 03:16:52,812
WE NEED TO PRIORITIZE WHERE WE

4947
03:16:52,812 --> 03:16:54,447
CAN DEVOTE RESOURCES.

4948
03:16:54,447 --> 03:16:57,417
THE MORE WE CAN BUILD DURC INTO

4949
03:16:57,417 --> 03:16:58,385
EXISTING FRAMEWORKS LIKE

4950
03:16:58,385 --> 03:17:00,687
BIOSAFETY WHICH WE'VE HEARD

4951
03:17:00,687 --> 03:17:02,122
ABOUT, THE BETTER.

4952
03:17:02,122 --> 03:17:04,624
I THINK EXPORT CONTROLS MAY BE

4953
03:17:04,624 --> 03:17:06,493
AN IMPERFECT MODEL BUT IT'S ONE

4954
03:17:06,493 --> 03:17:08,128
TO THINK ABOUT.

4955
03:17:08,128 --> 03:17:13,400
UNDER THIS PARADIGM WE MIGHT

4956
03:17:13,400 --> 03:17:15,235
THINK ABOUT DURC BEING A

4957
03:17:15,235 --> 03:17:16,569
CONTROLLED EXPORT.

4958
03:17:16,569 --> 03:17:18,738
HERE WE HAVE INSTITUTIONAL

4959
03:17:18,738 --> 03:17:20,173
EXPORT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS

4960
03:17:20,173 --> 03:17:23,576
HANDLING DURC, IN PRACTICE YOUR

4961
03:17:23,576 --> 03:17:26,079
EXPERT CONTROL OFFICER COULD

4962
03:17:26,079 --> 03:17:28,415
EDUCATE WHAT DURC IS, POLICY

4963
03:17:28,415 --> 03:17:30,116
REQUIREMENTS, AND INVESTIGATORS

4964
03:17:30,116 --> 03:17:34,621
WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR 

4965
03:17:34,621 --> 03:17:35,555
IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL DURC,

4966
03:17:35,555 --> 03:17:37,424
SEEKING ADVICE AND PURSUING A

4967
03:17:37,424 --> 03:17:38,725
LICENSE OR DEVELOP A TECHNOLOGY

4968
03:17:38,725 --> 03:17:42,796
CONTROL PLAN, WHATEVER MIGHT BE

4969
03:17:42,796 --> 03:17:43,029
NEEDED.

4970
03:17:43,029 --> 03:17:46,499
THIS ISN'T PERFECT BUT LEVERAGES

4971
03:17:46,499 --> 03:17:48,134
COMPLIANCE PARADIGMS THAT ARE

4972
03:17:48,134 --> 03:17:50,570
ALREADY INVOLVED IN CONTROLLING

4973
03:17:50,570 --> 03:17:53,440
THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND

4974
03:17:53,440 --> 03:17:54,207
TECHNOLOGY.

4975
03:17:54,207 --> 03:17:56,142
WORKS IN A PARADIGM THAT'S

4976
03:17:56,142 --> 03:17:57,043
NATIONAL SECURITY FOCUSED,

4977
03:17:57,043 --> 03:18:00,647
MARRYING WHAT WE THINK ABOUT

4978
03:18:00,647 --> 03:18:02,482
WITH DURC, A HEAVY LIFT THAT

4979
03:18:02,482 --> 03:18:05,985
WOULD REQUIRE THE GOVERNMENT TO

4980
03:18:05,985 --> 03:18:09,823
BUILD DURC, REQUIRE CLEAR AND

4981
03:18:09,823 --> 03:18:10,957
SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS AND

4982
03:18:10,957 --> 03:18:12,125
DELINEATIONS, LICENSE

4983
03:18:12,125 --> 03:18:17,030
REQUIREMENTS,ING  AND THAT WOULD

4984
03:18:17,030 --> 03:18:19,899
ADD A LEVEL OF SPECIFICITY A

4985
03:18:19,899 --> 03:18:22,402
LISTED BASED APPROACH RATHER

4986
03:18:22,402 --> 03:18:26,172
THAN AWAY FROM IT, PLAUSIBLE BUT

4987
03:18:26,172 --> 03:18:27,240
MAYBE NOT PREFERRED.

4988
03:18:27,240 --> 03:18:32,145
I'LL END WITH A LAST EXAMPLE OF

4989
03:18:32,145 --> 03:18:33,279
RESEARCH MISCONDUCT AND WHAT I

4990
03:18:33,279 --> 03:18:36,416
THINK MUCH AS VALUE OF OUTREACH

4991
03:18:36,416 --> 03:18:37,350
AND EDUCATION.

4992
03:18:37,350 --> 03:18:38,751
THERE COULD BE PARALLELS AND

4993
03:18:38,751 --> 03:18:40,086
LESSONS FOR DURC.

4994
03:18:40,086 --> 03:18:41,788
AS WE ALL KNOW RESEARCH

4995
03:18:41,788 --> 03:18:43,156
INSTITUTIONS ARE REQUIRED TO

4996
03:18:43,156 --> 03:18:46,659
RESPOND TO ALLEGATIONS OF

4997
03:18:46,659 --> 03:18:49,329
RESEARCH MISCONDUCT, NARROWLY

4998
03:18:49,329 --> 03:18:54,734
DEFINED AS FABRICATION,

4999
03:18:54,734 --> 03:18:55,301
FALSIFICATION, PLAGIARISM,

5000
03:18:55,301 --> 03:19:03,009
SETTING DISCREET TIMELINES,

5001
03:19:03,009 --> 03:19:04,377
RECORDS, DIGITAL AND PHYSICAL.

5002
03:19:04,377 --> 03:19:06,379
FORM A COMMITTEE, ENTER VIEWERS

5003
03:19:06,379 --> 03:19:07,914
WITH WITNESSES AND RESPONDENTS,

5004
03:19:07,914 --> 03:19:10,717
THERE'S FINDINGS AND

5005
03:19:10,717 --> 03:19:11,084
RECOMMENDATIONS.

5006
03:19:11,084 --> 03:19:14,687
IT'S A RESOUR INTENSES PROCESS, 

5007
03:19:14,687 --> 03:19:18,725
AND HERE AT OSU, PRIORITIZED

5008
03:19:18,725 --> 03:19:20,460
OVER ALL ACTIVITIES.

5009
03:19:20,460 --> 03:19:22,328
OTHER ACTIVITIES ARE NOT

5010
03:19:22,328 --> 03:19:23,229
UNIMPORTANT.

5011
03:19:23,229 --> 03:19:25,365
IT INVOLVES DEVELOPING POLICIES,

5012
03:19:25,365 --> 03:19:27,567
PROCESSES, SHE HAS RESEARCH

5013
03:19:27,567 --> 03:19:28,535
INITIATIVES TO ROLL OUT.

5014
03:19:28,535 --> 03:19:31,638
SHE HAS A LOT OF OUTREACH AND

5015
03:19:31,638 --> 03:19:33,540
EDUCATION SHE WOULD DO INCLUDING

5016
03:19:33,540 --> 03:19:35,708
AUTHORSHIP GUIDANCE, ONE OF THE

5017
03:19:35,708 --> 03:19:37,210
MOST COMMON THINGS, AND DEVELOP

5018
03:19:37,210 --> 03:19:39,612
GUIDANCE FOR FACULTY ON HOW THEY

5019
03:19:39,612 --> 03:19:45,885
ENTER A LAB, LEAVE A LAB WHICH

5020
03:19:45,885 --> 03:19:48,922
MIGHT INCLUDE DISPOSES EVER

5021
03:19:48,922 --> 03:19:50,490
CHEMICALS.

5022
03:19:50,490 --> 03:19:54,627
SHE TALKED ABOUT AVOIDING

5023
03:19:54,627 --> 03:19:57,130
DETRIMENTAL PRACTICES, TRAINING,

5024
03:19:57,130 --> 03:20:00,199
ALL THE CONSULTATIONS NEED TO BE

5025
03:20:00,199 --> 03:20:07,240
PUT ON PAUSE DURING MISCONDUCT

5026
03:20:07,240 --> 03:20:07,707
INVESTIGATION.

5027
03:20:07,707 --> 03:20:11,377
WHEN WE DO MORE OUTREACH WE GET

5028
03:20:11,377 --> 03:20:12,478
MORE CONSULTATIONS.

5029
03:20:12,478 --> 03:20:19,152
WE GIVE MORE ADVICE, MORE

5030
03:20:19,152 --> 03:20:23,456
GUIDANCE AND OFFER MORE ADVICE

5031
03:20:23,456 --> 03:20:24,190
AND GUIDANCE ABOUT RESPONSIBLE

5032
03:20:24,190 --> 03:20:24,891
RESEARCH.

5033
03:20:24,891 --> 03:20:27,794
A LESS OWN IS NOT THAT WE SHOULD

5034
03:20:27,794 --> 03:20:29,429
STOP DOING RESEARCH MISCONDUCT

5035
03:20:29,429 --> 03:20:29,796
INVESTIGATIONS.

5036
03:20:29,796 --> 03:20:32,165
IT'S JUST TO SAY THE PRO-ACTIVE

5037
03:20:32,165 --> 03:20:35,768
OUTREACH THAT WE CAN DO ALSO HAS

5038
03:20:35,768 --> 03:20:37,203
A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE IMPACT ON

5039
03:20:37,203 --> 03:20:38,304
RESEARCH INTEGRITY, IN MY

5040
03:20:38,304 --> 03:20:40,173
OPINION I THINK IT MIGHT BE MORE

5041
03:20:40,173 --> 03:20:42,575
TO BUILD THAT CULTURE OF

5042
03:20:42,575 --> 03:20:46,312
RESPONSIBILITY AMONG FACULTY AND

5043
03:20:46,312 --> 03:20:49,449
OPPORTUNITIES THAN FOCUSING

5044
03:20:49,449 --> 03:20:52,885
NARROWLY ON INVESTIGATION OF

5045
03:20:52,885 --> 03:20:53,353
PLAGIARISM.

5046
03:20:53,353 --> 03:20:56,389
ONLY ONE CAN BE DONE AT A TIME.

5047
03:20:56,389 --> 03:20:58,391
ONE PATH THAT WE MIGHT CONSIDER

5048
03:20:58,391 --> 03:21:01,828
FOR DURC OVERSIGHT, WHAT I CALL

5049
03:21:01,828 --> 03:21:08,201
OUTREACH HEAVY AND POLICY LIGHT.

5050
03:21:08,201 --> 03:21:11,270
WE PRIORITIZED THE WAY DAVID

5051
03:21:11,270 --> 03:21:13,139
SUGGESTED WITHIN INSTITUTIONS

5052
03:21:13,139 --> 03:21:14,440
AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES,

5053
03:21:14,440 --> 03:21:17,510
FOCUSED ON BUILDING CULTURE OF

5054
03:21:17,510 --> 03:21:18,111
RESPONSIBILITY.

5055
03:21:18,111 --> 03:21:19,379
OUTREACH MIGHT INCLUDE POLICY

5056
03:21:19,379 --> 03:21:20,480
REQUIREMENTS, SHOULD GROW BEYOND

5057
03:21:20,480 --> 03:21:23,416
THAT AND BE MORE FORWARD LOOKING

5058
03:21:23,416 --> 03:21:24,417
AND INCLUDE OPEN-ENDED

5059
03:21:24,417 --> 03:21:26,386
CONVERSATIONS ABOUT DUAL USE

5060
03:21:26,386 --> 03:21:29,222
RESEARCH AND ETHICAL ISSUES

5061
03:21:29,222 --> 03:21:30,089
ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING

5062
03:21:30,089 --> 03:21:30,890
TECHNOLOGIES.

5063
03:21:30,890 --> 03:21:32,191
I WAS REMINDED THIS MORNING OF

5064
03:21:32,191 --> 03:21:37,430
OLD WORK ON CODES OF CONDUCT AND

5065
03:21:37,430 --> 03:21:38,631
DREW'S CONDUCT, IMWONDERED IF

5066
03:21:38,631 --> 03:21:41,267
DREW AND I WERE TO GET TOGETHER

5067
03:21:41,267 --> 03:21:43,136
WITH DEFACULTY FROM OUR

5068
03:21:43,136 --> 03:21:45,004
INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOP BIOCODE

5069
03:21:45,004 --> 03:21:49,142
OR CODE OF CONDUCT THAT MIGHT GO

5070
03:21:49,142 --> 03:21:51,044
FARTHER IN PROMOTING -- BUILDING

5071
03:21:51,044 --> 03:21:53,446
A CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY,

5072
03:21:53,446 --> 03:21:54,313
PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY

5073
03:21:54,313 --> 03:21:56,516
THAN ANY POLICY COULD DO.

5074
03:21:56,516 --> 03:22:05,925
UNDER THIS APPROACH WE WOULD WE 

5075
03:22:05,925 --> 03:22:11,597
RELY ON CONTROLS, NOT PERFECT

5076
03:22:11,597 --> 03:22:14,734
BUT MANAGING RISK.

5077
03:22:14,734 --> 03:22:17,136
WE WOULD FOCUS PRESCRIPTIVE ON

5078
03:22:17,136 --> 03:22:20,440
HIGHEST PRIORITY AREAS, PPE OR

5079
03:22:20,440 --> 03:22:22,408
SOME OTHER SET, TO INFORM

5080
03:22:22,408 --> 03:22:23,943
FUNDING DECISIONS AND HAVE A

5081
03:22:23,943 --> 03:22:26,913
PARTNERSHIP WITH INSTITUTIONS AS

5082
03:22:26,913 --> 03:22:27,880
WE MOVE FORWARD.

5083
03:22:27,880 --> 03:22:33,686
I WANT TO THANK EVERYONE AND

5084
03:22:33,686 --> 03:22:34,821
ACKNOWLEDGE THE OPINIONS WERE

5085
03:22:34,821 --> 03:22:37,657
MINE BUT I APPRECIATE THE FOLKS

5086
03:22:37,657 --> 03:22:39,192
WHO HAVE BEEN EXCELLENT MARTERS

5087
03:22:39,192 --> 03:22:41,594
IN WITH ME ON THIS TO HELP SHAPE

5088
03:22:41,594 --> 03:22:43,930
THE WAY I THINK ABOUT IT.

5089
03:22:43,930 --> 03:22:46,866
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH,
CHRIS.

5090
03:22:46,866 --> 03:22:48,634
I RESEARCH MY QUESTIONS FOR THE

5091
03:22:48,634 --> 03:22:49,202
GROUP.

5092
03:22:49,202 --> 03:22:49,635
THERE'S A LOT.

5093
03:22:49,635 --> 03:22:50,903
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

5094
03:22:50,903 --> 03:22:55,975
AND THEN I'D LOVE TO TURN IT

5095
03:22:55,975 --> 03:23:03,282
OVER TO DR. KUZMA. 

5096
03:23:03,282 --> 03:23:04,884
THE FLOOR IS YOURS.

5097
03:23:04,884 --> 03:23:05,418
>> GREAT.

5098
03:23:05,418 --> 03:23:07,086
THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME.

5099
03:23:07,086 --> 03:23:11,224
I'M GOING TO TITLE MY TALK

5100
03:23:11,224 --> 03:23:12,625
"POINTS TO CONSIDER" BECAUSE

5101
03:23:12,625 --> 03:23:13,860
THIS AREA IS SOMETHING THAT I

5102
03:23:13,860 --> 03:23:16,028
USED TO BE A BIT MORE INVOLVED

5103
03:23:16,028 --> 03:23:18,865
IN BUT HAVE RECENTLY TURNED MORE

5104
03:23:18,865 --> 03:23:20,399
TO BIOSAFETY AND GENETIC

5105
03:23:20,399 --> 03:23:23,269
ENGINEERING THAN BIOSECURITY.

5106
03:23:23,269 --> 03:23:28,040
AND IN PARTICULAR, BIOSAFETY AND

5107
03:23:28,040 --> 03:23:33,346
BY AGRICULTURE, IN OF THE

5108
03:23:33,346 --> 03:23:34,881
ECOLOGICAL SETTINGS.

5109
03:23:34,881 --> 03:23:36,949
I WORKED ON RISK ASSESSMENT IN

5110
03:23:36,949 --> 03:23:39,585
FOOD BORNE PART GENERALS AND WAS

5111
03:23:39,585 --> 03:23:43,456
A STUDY DIRECTOR BACK IN 1998

5112
03:23:43,456 --> 03:23:46,159
THROUGH 2002 FOR BIOTERRORISM

5113
03:23:46,159 --> 03:23:47,693
AND BIOSECURITY AT THE NATIONAL

5114
03:23:47,693 --> 03:23:48,961
ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES INVOLVED

5115
03:23:48,961 --> 03:23:52,498
IN BEING DIRECTOR OF A REPORT ON

5116
03:23:52,498 --> 03:23:53,032
COUNTERING AGRICULTURE

5117
03:23:53,032 --> 03:23:55,168
BIOTERRORISM AND SAT IN ON SOME

5118
03:23:55,168 --> 03:23:56,803
THINK COMMITTEE MEETINGS WHERE

5119
03:23:56,803 --> 03:23:59,872
THEY WERE DEVELOPING THE

5120
03:23:59,872 --> 03:24:06,112
EXPERIMENTS OF CONCERN. 

5121
03:24:06,112 --> 03:24:10,817
BUT RECENTLY MORE ON BIOSAFETY

5122
03:24:10,817 --> 03:24:12,985
GENERALLY IN AGRICULTURE AND

5123
03:24:12,985 --> 03:24:14,654
ECOLOGICAL SETTINGS, I WANT TO

5124
03:24:14,654 --> 03:24:17,523
PREFACE MY REMARKS WITH THAT.

5125
03:24:17,523 --> 03:24:18,958
I DO TEACH POLICY ANALYSIS.

5126
03:24:18,958 --> 03:24:23,529
FIRST SET OF COMMENTS IS ON

5127
03:24:23,529 --> 03:24:26,666
POLICY ANALYSIS.

5128
03:24:26,666 --> 03:24:28,034
IN POLICY ANALYSIS THERE ARE

5129
03:24:28,034 --> 03:24:29,602
MORE INFORMAL OR MORE FORMAL

5130
03:24:29,602 --> 03:24:30,603
WAYS TO DO IT.

5131
03:24:30,603 --> 03:24:32,171
MY FIRST POINT WOULD BE I'D LIKE

5132
03:24:32,171 --> 03:24:35,474
TO SEE A MORE FORMAL POLICY

5133
03:24:35,474 --> 03:24:39,612
ANALYSIS OF THE DURC POLICIES

5134
03:24:39,612 --> 03:24:45,418
FROM 2012 TO PRESENT, SOME

5135
03:24:45,418 --> 03:24:47,386
MENTIONED IT BEFORE BUT WE COME

5136
03:24:47,386 --> 03:24:49,422
UP WITH MULTIPLE CRITERIA.

5137
03:24:49,422 --> 03:24:50,890
THIS IS PLAN DATED.

5138
03:24:50,890 --> 03:24:53,526
THERE WAS AN INITIAL AUDIT-TYPE

5139
03:24:53,526 --> 03:24:55,261
ANALYSIS OR SCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

5140
03:24:55,261 --> 03:24:58,030
THAT WAS CODIFIED IN POLICIES IN

5141
03:24:58,030 --> 03:24:59,131
2012.

5142
03:24:59,131 --> 03:25:00,433
I'M WONDERING WHAT THE RESULTS

5143
03:25:00,433 --> 03:25:02,201
HAVE BEEN OF THOSE AND WHETHER

5144
03:25:02,201 --> 03:25:04,303
OR NOT THERE'S AVAILABLE DATA ON

5145
03:25:04,303 --> 03:25:04,570
THAT.

5146
03:25:04,570 --> 03:25:07,139
AND SO IT WOULD BE INTERESTING

5147
03:25:07,139 --> 03:25:09,642
TO SEE THE DESCRIPTIVE.

5148
03:25:09,642 --> 03:25:12,912
SEEING CALLS IN THE 2014 AND 15

5149
03:25:12,912 --> 03:25:16,616
POLICY FOR PERIODIC EVALUATION

5150
03:25:16,616 --> 03:25:18,818
OF THE DEREK.

5151
03:25:18,818 --> 03:25:20,152
SO OF COURSE IN EVALUATING

5152
03:25:20,152 --> 03:25:23,856
POLICIES YOU HAVE TO STRIKE A

5153
03:25:23,856 --> 03:25:25,958
BALANCE BETWEEN BIOSECURITY AND

5154
03:25:25,958 --> 03:25:26,492
OPENNESS.

5155
03:25:26,492 --> 03:25:29,562
I'D LIKE TO SEE MORE PUBLIC

5156
03:25:29,562 --> 03:25:29,996
TRANSPARENCY.

5157
03:25:29,996 --> 03:25:34,667
IN FACT WE OFTEN TALK ABOUT

5158
03:25:34,667 --> 03:25:36,335
DERIVING YOUR EVALUATION

5159
03:25:36,335 --> 03:25:38,337
CRITERIA IN THE PRESENCE OF

5160
03:25:38,337 --> 03:25:39,605
PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER

5161
03:25:39,605 --> 03:25:39,906
ENGAGEMENT.

5162
03:25:39,906 --> 03:25:42,241
I DON'T SEE HOW THAT WOULD RISK

5163
03:25:42,241 --> 03:25:45,411
BIOSECURITY IF YOU HAD A VERY

5164
03:25:45,411 --> 03:25:46,779
INFORMED PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER

5165
03:25:46,779 --> 03:25:48,681
MORE FORMAL APPROACH TO SETTING

5166
03:25:48,681 --> 03:25:53,853
A SET OF EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR

5167
03:25:53,853 --> 03:25:54,520
DURC POLICIES.

5168
03:25:54,520 --> 03:25:56,689
THIS MEETING IS PART OF THAT

5169
03:25:56,689 --> 03:25:57,990
EVALUATION, NSABB IS DOING THAT

5170
03:25:57,990 --> 03:26:03,129
BUT I'D LIKE TO SEE A MORE

5171
03:26:03,129 --> 03:26:03,663
TRANSPARENT AROUND PUBLIC

5172
03:26:03,663 --> 03:26:06,198
ENGAGED PROCESS TO MORE FORMAL

5173
03:26:06,198 --> 03:26:07,533
POLICY ANALYSIS.

5174
03:26:07,533 --> 03:26:11,437
IN LOOKING AT CRITERIA, TIMES OF

5175
03:26:11,437 --> 03:26:17,476
COMPLIANCE, ESTIMATION OF RISK,

5176
03:26:17,476 --> 03:26:18,778
COST, TRANSPARENCY, MULTIPLE

5177
03:26:18,778 --> 03:26:19,879
ETHICAL CRITERIA AS WELL, THAT

5178
03:26:19,879 --> 03:26:23,816
WAS GOING TO BE MY FIRST POINT.

5179
03:26:23,816 --> 03:26:29,055
I'LL MOVE TO THE SECOND, THAT

5180
03:26:29,055 --> 03:26:31,123
COMMENTS FROM A RISK SCIENCE

5181
03:26:31,123 --> 03:26:31,691
PERSPECTIVE.

5182
03:26:31,691 --> 03:26:35,061
ONE OF THE BENEFITS OF GOING

5183
03:26:35,061 --> 03:26:36,395
LAST, PEOPLE SAID EVERYTHING

5184
03:26:36,395 --> 03:26:36,729
ALREADY.

5185
03:26:36,729 --> 03:26:47,206
THIS IS A LITTLE  REDUNDANT.

5186
03:26:47,440 --> 03:26:50,743
SELECT AGENTS AND SEVEN

5187
03:26:50,743 --> 03:26:51,944
EXPERIMENTS OF CONCERN, I THINK

5188
03:26:51,944 --> 03:26:54,146
MORE FOCUS IN LIGHT OF THE PACE

5189
03:26:54,146 --> 03:26:55,181
OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND

5190
03:26:55,181 --> 03:26:58,184
THINGS WE'RE ABLE TO DO NOW ON

5191
03:26:58,184 --> 03:26:59,285
THE SEVEN EXPERIMENTS OF CONCERN

5192
03:26:59,285 --> 03:27:01,921
WOULD BE PERHAPS A BETTER

5193
03:27:01,921 --> 03:27:04,290
APPROACH THAN THE SELECT AGENTS

5194
03:27:04,290 --> 03:27:06,826
AND SEVEN EXPERIMENTS OF

5195
03:27:06,826 --> 03:27:08,361
CONCERN.

5196
03:27:08,361 --> 03:27:16,235
MAYBE IT'S AS SIMPLE OF CHANGING

5197
03:27:16,235 --> 03:27:18,104
AND TO OR.

5198
03:27:18,104 --> 03:27:20,139
I'M DONE A LOT IN MY CENTER AT

5199
03:27:20,139 --> 03:27:23,275
N.C. STATE, A LOT OF WORK ON

5200
03:27:23,275 --> 03:27:28,414
GENE DRIVES, IN PARTICULAR FOR

5201
03:27:28,414 --> 03:27:30,182
POPULATION EXPRESSION OR TO

5202
03:27:30,182 --> 03:27:32,685
BETTER COMBAT OR IMMUNIZE.

5203
03:27:32,685 --> 03:27:37,490
THESE HAVE POTENTIAL FOR MISCUES

5204
03:27:37,490 --> 03:27:39,658
ON SECURITY, BIOSAFETY, OTHERS

5205
03:27:39,658 --> 03:27:40,593
MENTIONED SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY,

5206
03:27:40,593 --> 03:27:42,495
WHAT MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN

5207
03:27:42,495 --> 03:27:45,031
MENTIONED BEFORE IS THESE WHAT I

5208
03:27:45,031 --> 03:27:47,767
CALL IN SITU GENE EDITING

5209
03:27:47,767 --> 03:27:49,969
AGENTS, MIGHT NOT BE A LIVING

5210
03:27:49,969 --> 03:27:51,704
THING YOU MIGHT NEED TO WORRY

5211
03:27:51,704 --> 03:27:56,642
ABOUT BUT A DELIVERY PARTICLE

5212
03:27:56,642 --> 03:27:59,879
FOR GENE EDITING MACHINERY OR

5213
03:27:59,879 --> 03:28:02,515
INSECTS DELIVERING GENE EDITING

5214
03:28:02,515 --> 03:28:05,484
OR PHAGES INTO HUMAN AND NATURAL

5215
03:28:05,484 --> 03:28:07,987
ECOSYSTEMS TO DRIVE GENES INTO

5216
03:28:07,987 --> 03:28:15,428
POPULATION AND DRIVE THEM INTO

5217
03:28:15,428 --> 03:28:16,629
EXTINCTION.

5218
03:28:16,629 --> 03:28:18,931
ANOTHER SET OF HAZARDS, WHITE

5219
03:28:18,931 --> 03:28:26,605
NOSE SYNDROME IN BATS IS THE 

5220
03:28:26,605 --> 03:28:30,543
WORST WILDLIFE DISEASE IN MODERN

5221
03:28:30,543 --> 03:28:30,776
TIMES.

5222
03:28:30,776 --> 03:28:34,480
AND THEN OTHERS HAVE MENTIONED

5223
03:28:34,480 --> 03:28:35,781
ZOONOTIC AND ANIMAL HAZARDS NOT

5224
03:28:35,781 --> 03:28:40,820
ON THE LIST, THINGS I USED TO

5225
03:28:40,820 --> 03:28:45,624
WORKO E. COLI, SOYBEAN RUST,

5226
03:28:45,624 --> 03:28:48,928
SALMONELLA, AND PRIVATE SECTOR

5227
03:28:48,928 --> 03:28:49,462
AND NON-FEDERALLY FUNDED

5228
03:28:49,462 --> 03:28:50,696
INSTITUTIONS, THOSE WERE SOME

5229
03:28:50,696 --> 03:28:53,199
THINGS I THOUGHT TAKING A LOOK

5230
03:28:53,199 --> 03:28:57,670
AT THE POLL  POLICIES ON RISK

5231
03:28:57,670 --> 03:28:58,471
COVERAGE SIDE.

5232
03:28:58,471 --> 03:29:02,374
YOU HAVE A BALANCE BETWEEN

5233
03:29:02,374 --> 03:29:04,243
OVERAND UNDERCOVERAGE, AND I

5234
03:29:04,243 --> 03:29:06,445
THINK I COVERED THIS, I THINK

5235
03:29:06,445 --> 03:29:09,281
THIS GROUP KNOWS WHAT A GENE

5236
03:29:09,281 --> 03:29:11,016
DRIVE IS, BUT IT'S BEING APPLIED

5237
03:29:11,016 --> 03:29:18,991
TO ALL KINDS OF APPLICATIONS.

5238
03:29:18,991 --> 03:29:23,596
IT COULD BE A MOUSE, A MOSQUITO

5239
03:29:23,596 --> 03:29:24,330
OR PLANT.

5240
03:29:24,330 --> 03:29:26,332
WHAT HASN'T BEEN TALKED ABOUT AS

5241
03:29:26,332 --> 03:29:33,372
MUCH, THE THIRD PERSPECTIVE.

5242
03:29:33,372 --> 03:29:35,207
I HAVEN'T BEEN IN THE LAB FOR 25

5243
03:29:35,207 --> 03:29:38,410
YEARS, I'VE BEEN A SOCIAL

5244
03:29:38,410 --> 03:29:39,411
SCIENTIST AND RISK GOVERNANCE

5245
03:29:39,411 --> 03:29:40,446
SCHOLAR IN THE INTERIM.

5246
03:29:40,446 --> 03:29:42,748
I ASK IN THE BOTH SAFETY REALM

5247
03:29:42,748 --> 03:29:45,718
THAT I'LL POSE TO THIS GROUP

5248
03:29:45,718 --> 03:29:50,189
ABOUT HOW ARE RISKS ANALYZED BY

5249
03:29:50,189 --> 03:29:50,756
INSTITUTIONS.

5250
03:29:50,756 --> 03:29:56,562
IN PARTICULAR MISUSE OR

5251
03:29:56,562 --> 03:29:57,763
UNINTENTIONAL LEASE INVOLVES

5252
03:29:57,763 --> 03:30:03,602
SOCIAL AND CULT RAIL FACTORS BUT

5253
03:30:03,602 --> 03:30:06,172
I'VE SEEN MORE WEIGHTED.

5254
03:30:06,172 --> 03:30:09,642
THAT CAN POSE CONFLICTS OF

5255
03:30:09,642 --> 03:30:11,110
INTEREST, POSE SUBCONSCIOUS BY

5256
03:30:11,110 --> 03:30:11,577
AS.

5257
03:30:11,577 --> 03:30:13,179
WE ALL HAVE BIASES.

5258
03:30:13,179 --> 03:30:16,248
HOW DO WE REMEDY FOR THIS?

5259
03:30:16,248 --> 03:30:19,418
I THINK BROADENING THESE GROUPS

5260
03:30:19,418 --> 03:30:23,956
CAN INCLUDE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS,

5261
03:30:23,956 --> 03:30:33,666
BEHAVIORAL, SOCIOLOGIST EARNINGS

5262
03:30:33,666 --> 03:30:33,999
ANTHROPOLOGY.

5263
03:30:33,999 --> 03:30:35,834
IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT SCIENCE.

5264
03:30:35,834 --> 03:30:39,438
I HAVE SLIDES I CAN'T SHOW.

5265
03:30:39,438 --> 03:30:43,943
CHOICE OF THE ENDPOINTS WE CARE

5266
03:30:43,943 --> 03:30:46,145
ABOUT, PERCEPTION OF RISK,

5267
03:30:46,145 --> 03:30:48,080
INTERPRETATION OF UNCERTAINTY,

5268
03:30:48,080 --> 03:30:50,049
EVEN SCIENTISTS HAVE COGNITIVE

5269
03:30:50,049 --> 03:30:51,750
WAYS THAT THEY BRING THEIR

5270
03:30:51,750 --> 03:30:58,357
VALUES TO PLAY IN INTERPRETING

5271
03:30:58,357 --> 03:30:58,557
RISK.

5272
03:30:58,557 --> 03:31:02,328
THAT'S THE MORE SOCIAL SCIENCE.

5273
03:31:02,328 --> 03:31:03,729
RISK ANALYSIS IN ME SAYS THERE'S

5274
03:31:03,729 --> 03:31:07,666
A LOT OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING

5275
03:31:07,666 --> 03:31:08,033
RISK.

5276
03:31:08,033 --> 03:31:11,737
CAN WE IN SOME CASES REPLACE A

5277
03:31:11,737 --> 03:31:13,772
CHECKLIST APPROACH TO MORE --

5278
03:31:13,772 --> 03:31:15,007
WHEN IT'S WARRANTED, NOT PERHAPS

5279
03:31:15,007 --> 03:31:17,076
FOR EVERY CASE BUT WHEN

5280
03:31:17,076 --> 03:31:24,750
WARRANTED FOR MORE INTENSIVE

5281
03:31:24,750 --> 03:31:25,217
METHODS.

5282
03:31:25,217 --> 03:31:28,520
HOW TO MITIGATE PUBLIC MISTRUST

5283
03:31:28,520 --> 03:31:30,022
AND IMPROVE LEGITIMACY, BY

5284
03:31:30,022 --> 03:31:32,658
OPENING UP THE PROCESS WHILE

5285
03:31:32,658 --> 03:31:33,759
PROTECTING SENSITIVE AND

5286
03:31:33,759 --> 03:31:35,494
CLASSIFIED INFORMATION OF COURSE

5287
03:31:35,494 --> 03:31:37,229
BUT OPENING PROCESSES LIKE

5288
03:31:37,229 --> 03:31:42,534
INVITING A BROADER BREADTH OF

5289
03:31:42,534 --> 03:31:45,704
STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC

5290
03:31:45,704 --> 03:31:47,006
REPRESENTATIVES FROM

5291
03:31:47,006 --> 03:31:48,274
MARGINALIZED, DIVERSE,

5292
03:31:48,274 --> 03:31:49,408
UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS, A WIDE

5293
03:31:49,408 --> 03:31:50,843
RANGE OF EXPERTS MIGHT HELP.

5294
03:31:50,843 --> 03:31:53,012
IT'S NOT ENOUGH BUT IT'S THE

5295
03:31:53,012 --> 03:31:55,648
FIRST STEP I THINK TO

5296
03:31:55,648 --> 03:31:56,415
ESTABLISHING TRUST.

5297
03:31:56,415 --> 03:32:00,019
ESPECIALLY IN THE WAKE OF THE

5298
03:32:00,019 --> 03:32:01,587
SARS-COV-2 AND ORIGIN THEORIES,

5299
03:32:01,587 --> 03:32:07,459
MANY OF WHICH HAVE LEGITIMACY.

5300
03:32:07,459 --> 03:32:09,328
DoD HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN

5301
03:32:09,328 --> 03:32:13,699
DEVELOPING SOME OF THESE

5302
03:32:13,699 --> 03:32:14,900
TECHNOLOGIES, INSECT ALLIES

5303
03:32:14,900 --> 03:32:17,102
PROJECT FOR DELIVERY OF GENES

5304
03:32:17,102 --> 03:32:19,505
THROUGH INSECTS, OR THROUGH

5305
03:32:19,505 --> 03:32:24,443
MAKING GENE DRIVES MORE SAFE,

5306
03:32:24,443 --> 03:32:29,581
SOMETIMES THAT CAN CAUSE PUBLIC 

5307
03:32:29,581 --> 03:32:33,819
CONCERN AS WELL. 

5308
03:32:33,819 --> 03:32:41,527
HOW CAN WE MITIGATE TECHNO 

5309
03:32:41,527 --> 03:32:44,363
OPTIMISM WHICH MAY CAUSE US TO

5310
03:32:44,363 --> 03:32:46,799
OVERLOOK SITUATIONS IN WHICH WE

5311
03:32:46,799 --> 03:32:48,467
SHOULD BE MORE PRE-CAUTIOUS, WHO

5312
03:32:48,467 --> 03:32:50,969
MAKES THESE DECISIONS, CAN WE

5313
03:32:50,969 --> 03:32:52,705
OPEN THE PROCESS FOR MORE

5314
03:32:52,705 --> 03:32:55,507
INDEPENDENT POLICY VENUES AND

5315
03:32:55,507 --> 03:32:55,841
ENGAGEMENT OF

5316
03:32:55,841 --> 03:32:57,876
NON-BIOTECHNOLOGISTS IN DECISION

5317
03:32:57,876 --> 03:32:59,278
MAKING TO MITIGATE THESE

5318
03:32:59,278 --> 03:33:01,480
CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND BY AS?

5319
03:33:01,480 --> 03:33:03,649
AND QUICKLY JUST IN CLOSING ONE

5320
03:33:03,649 --> 03:33:05,684
MODEL FOR THAT THAT I'VE STUDIED

5321
03:33:05,684 --> 03:33:07,319
IS RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND

5322
03:33:07,319 --> 03:33:10,155
INNOVATION, COULD THIS BE

5323
03:33:10,155 --> 03:33:12,358
APPLIED TO DURC?

5324
03:33:12,358 --> 03:33:14,960
THIS IS THE BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

5325
03:33:14,960 --> 03:33:17,496
OTHERS MENTIONED IN WHICH

5326
03:33:17,496 --> 03:33:20,699
RESEARCH TEAMS WOULD ENGAGE IN

5327
03:33:20,699 --> 03:33:21,533
RESPONSIBLE AND INNOVATION

5328
03:33:21,533 --> 03:33:25,571
PROCESSES, TO OPEN UP THE

5329
03:33:25,571 --> 03:33:29,475
PROCESS TO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE

5330
03:33:29,475 --> 03:33:29,775
INNOVATION.

5331
03:33:29,775 --> 03:33:32,344
TO LEGITIMIZE THE RESEARCH AND

5332
03:33:32,344 --> 03:33:33,746
INNOVATION THROUGH OPEN

5333
03:33:33,746 --> 03:33:34,146
DISCOURSE.

5334
03:33:34,146 --> 03:33:40,919
SO THERE ARE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF 

5335
03:33:40,919 --> 03:33:41,820
RESPONSIBLE IS INNOVATION.

5336
03:33:41,820 --> 03:33:44,556
WE HAVE DONE SOME WORK ON

5337
03:33:44,556 --> 03:33:46,425
LOOKING AT BIOTECHNOLOGY

5338
03:33:46,425 --> 03:33:48,694
STAKEHOLDER ATTITUDES TOWARDS

5339
03:33:48,694 --> 03:33:53,399
THESE, AND WE DO FIND THAT

5340
03:33:53,399 --> 03:33:54,533
SECTOR AFFILIATION DOES

5341
03:33:54,533 --> 03:33:55,634
INFLUENCE ATTITUDES, INDUSTRY

5342
03:33:55,634 --> 03:33:57,903
AFFILIATED SECTORS HAVE MORE

5343
03:33:57,903 --> 03:33:58,270
NEGATIVE VIEWS.

5344
03:33:58,270 --> 03:34:01,740
THAT A LOT OF THESE ATTITUDES,

5345
03:34:01,740 --> 03:34:03,742
THEY ARE EMBEDDED IN DEEP CORE

5346
03:34:03,742 --> 03:34:05,144
BELIEFS, OF PEOPLE.

5347
03:34:05,144 --> 03:34:07,212
WE HAVE SOME CHALLENGES TO

5348
03:34:07,212 --> 03:34:09,748
OVERCOME IN FOSTERING A CULTURE

5349
03:34:09,748 --> 03:34:10,616
OF RESPONSIBILITY.

5350
03:34:10,616 --> 03:34:12,384
BUT THERE'S SOME HOPE TOO

5351
03:34:12,384 --> 03:34:13,786
BECAUSE IN THEORY MOST PEOPLE

5352
03:34:13,786 --> 03:34:15,287
AGREE ON THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES.

5353
03:34:15,287 --> 03:34:18,290
IT'S WHEN YOU PUT THEM INTO

5354
03:34:18,290 --> 03:34:23,896
PRACTICE THAT YOU FIND MORE

5355
03:34:23,896 --> 03:34:24,229
DISAGREEMENT.

5356
03:34:24,229 --> 03:34:25,631
WE'VE TYPED THE BARRIERS TO

5357
03:34:25,631 --> 03:34:27,032
RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION.

5358
03:34:27,032 --> 03:34:29,234
AGAIN, THESE MACRO LEVEL FORCES

5359
03:34:29,234 --> 03:34:31,570
OF COMPETITION IN THE

5360
03:34:31,570 --> 03:34:32,638
BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, HAVING

5361
03:34:32,638 --> 03:34:35,474
TO MEET TIME PRESSURES AND

5362
03:34:35,474 --> 03:34:38,010
DEADLINES, NOT HAVING

5363
03:34:38,010 --> 03:34:38,877
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES OR

5364
03:34:38,877 --> 03:34:42,848
INCENTIVE STRUCTURES IN ORDER

5365
03:34:42,848 --> 03:34:45,217
TO -- THOSE ARE MESO-LEVEL.

5366
03:34:45,217 --> 03:34:48,620
THESE ARE IMPORTANT BARRIERS

5367
03:34:48,620 --> 03:34:49,555
THAT ARE FACED.

5368
03:34:49,555 --> 03:34:52,224
SOME THINGS I RECOMMENDED IN AN

5369
03:34:52,224 --> 03:34:53,759
ARTICLE UNDER REVIEW, FOR

5370
03:34:53,759 --> 03:34:55,727
FEDERAL AGENCIES I THINK COULD

5371
03:34:55,727 --> 03:35:01,166
PROVIDE GREATER  RESOURCES INTO

5372
03:35:01,166 --> 03:35:08,407
THE PROPOSALS AND OVERCOMPENSATE

5373
03:35:08,407 --> 03:35:11,977
THEM.

5374
03:35:11,977 --> 03:35:13,345
TO PROVIDE BLOCK GRANTS FOR

5375
03:35:13,345 --> 03:35:17,049
INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE WAYS TO

5376
03:35:17,049 --> 03:35:18,917
EMBED BOTTOM-UP METHODS FOR

5377
03:35:18,917 --> 03:35:19,418
RESPONSIBILITY, CERTIFY

5378
03:35:19,418 --> 03:35:22,321
ORGANIZATIONS AND OF COURSE AS

5379
03:35:22,321 --> 03:35:25,257
OTHERS HAVE MENTIONED DEVELOP

5380
03:35:25,257 --> 03:35:26,692
TRAINING PROGRAMS.

5381
03:35:26,692 --> 03:35:28,760
SUMMARY OF THE POINTS AGAIN ON

5382
03:35:28,760 --> 03:35:30,095
THIS SLIDE.

5383
03:35:30,095 --> 03:35:31,964
AND I THINK I'LL JUST REFRAIN

5384
03:35:31,964 --> 03:35:35,434
FROM READING ALL OF THEM BUT WE

5385
03:35:35,434 --> 03:35:40,372
HAVE BETTER POLICY, MORE FORMAL

5386
03:35:40,372 --> 03:35:46,845
POLICY ANALYSIS, DEVELOPING CITE

5387
03:35:46,845 --> 03:35:49,581
FOR EVALUATION, CONSIDERING

5388
03:35:49,581 --> 03:35:51,483
AGENTS OUTSIDE, ESPECIALLY GENE

5389
03:35:51,483 --> 03:35:54,586
DRIVES AND NON-LIVING AGENTS.

5390
03:35:54,586 --> 03:35:56,722
OPENING UP THE DURC PROCESS TO

5391
03:35:56,722 --> 03:35:59,892
INCORPORATE A RANGE OF VALUES

5392
03:35:59,892 --> 03:36:02,494
AND THEN AGAIN CONSIDERING OUR

5393
03:36:02,494 --> 03:36:06,665
PARADIGMS, HOW TO INCENTIVIZE

5394
03:36:06,665 --> 03:36:07,366
WITH FEDERAL FUNDING.

5395
03:36:07,366 --> 03:36:07,966
>> THANK YOU.

5396
03:36:07,966 --> 03:36:13,505
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
COMMENTS.

5397
03:36:13,505 --> 03:36:14,239
EXTREMELY THOUGHTFUL.

5398
03:36:14,239 --> 03:36:16,975
ASKING THE PANELISTS TO TURN ON

5399
03:36:16,975 --> 03:36:17,643
CAMERAS.

5400
03:36:17,643 --> 03:36:20,479
WE HAVE 15 MINUTES FOR A

5401
03:36:20,479 --> 03:36:20,779
CUSHION.

5402
03:36:20,779 --> 03:36:23,949
I WELCOME OTHERS ON THE ZOOM

5403
03:36:23,949 --> 03:36:25,384
MEETING TO RAISE THEIR HAND TO

5404
03:36:25,384 --> 03:36:26,585
ASK A QUESTION.

5405
03:36:26,585 --> 03:36:36,995
I'LL YIELD TO GET THOSE

5406
03:36:44,703 --> 03:36:45,404
LISTENING ENGAGE.

5407
03:36:45,404 --> 03:36:47,072
>> THANK YOU.

5408
03:36:47,072 --> 03:36:49,474
THAT SESSION WAS REALLY GOOD,

5409
03:36:49,474 --> 03:36:49,775
INFORMATIVE.

5410
03:36:49,775 --> 03:36:52,978
I JUST WANT TO MAKE AN UBER

5411
03:36:52,978 --> 03:36:54,613
OBSERVATION WHICH IS PROBABLY

5412
03:36:54,613 --> 03:36:57,049
GOING TO ECHO A MILLION THINGS

5413
03:36:57,049 --> 03:36:58,317
THAT HAVE BEEN SAID.

5414
03:36:58,317 --> 03:37:02,087
I WANT TO POINT OUT THAT THIS IS

5415
03:37:02,087 --> 03:37:04,489
A STAKEHOLDERS MEETING BUT

5416
03:37:04,489 --> 03:37:07,492
EVERYONE WAS FROM ACADEMIA AND I

5417
03:37:07,492 --> 03:37:11,363
THINK THAT SAYS A LOT, WHAT WE

5418
03:37:11,363 --> 03:37:12,464
NEED TO BE THINKING ABOUT,

5419
03:37:12,464 --> 03:37:14,433
BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE

5420
03:37:14,433 --> 03:37:17,402
REST OF YOU BUT MOST OF OUR

5421
03:37:17,402 --> 03:37:23,508
TRAINEES ARE LEAVING ACADEMIA 

5422
03:37:23,508 --> 03:37:24,910
AND OPPORTUNITIES ARE GOING TO

5423
03:37:24,910 --> 03:37:29,648
BE ENORMOUS FROM NEW FUNDING

5424
03:37:29,648 --> 03:37:31,617
MODELS OCCURRING ALREADY.

5425
03:37:31,617 --> 03:37:33,986
I THINK THIS PROBLEM, WE'VE

5426
03:37:33,986 --> 03:37:35,988
HEARD A LOT ABOUT BOTTOM-UP, ET

5427
03:37:35,988 --> 03:37:40,392
CETERA, BUT I THINK WE NEED TO

5428
03:37:40,392 --> 03:37:43,395
START THINKING ABOUT THIS IN

5429
03:37:43,395 --> 03:37:46,498
SIGNIFICANTLY SORT OF A NOT AN

5430
03:37:46,498 --> 03:37:51,103
NIH-CENTRIC WAY, IF THAT'S

5431
03:37:51,103 --> 03:37:51,370
POSSIBLE.

5432
03:37:51,370 --> 03:37:54,039
>> I'LL OPEN UP TO THE
PANEL.

5433
03:37:54,039 --> 03:37:58,010
I'D LOVE TO HEAR MORE FROM THE

5434
03:37:58,010 --> 03:37:58,577
PANELISTS.

5435
03:37:58,577 --> 03:38:00,412
>> I MIGHT JUMP OFF.

5436
03:38:00,412 --> 03:38:04,116
THAT'S A GOOD POINT AND SPEAKS

5437
03:38:04,116 --> 03:38:07,519
TO -- TWO WAYS TO GET AT THAT.

5438
03:38:07,519 --> 03:38:09,821
ONE IS BROADER REGULATIONS THAT

5439
03:38:09,821 --> 03:38:11,123
TOUCH ON INDUSTRY, OR APPROACH

5440
03:38:11,123 --> 03:38:14,726
THAT I MIGHT FAVOR IS JUST THE

5441
03:38:14,726 --> 03:38:16,261
IMPORTANCE OF RAISING AND

5442
03:38:16,261 --> 03:38:18,664
TRAINING YOUNG SCIENTISTS TO

5443
03:38:18,664 --> 03:38:19,998
HAVE INTEGRITY AND RESPONSIBLE

5444
03:38:19,998 --> 03:38:20,432
CONDUCT.

5445
03:38:20,432 --> 03:38:23,602
SO THE MORE YOU CAN INSTILL THAT

5446
03:38:23,602 --> 03:38:26,204
TRAINING AND IMPORTANCE AS THEY

5447
03:38:26,204 --> 03:38:28,106
ARE TRAINED THEY BRING THAT WITH

5448
03:38:28,106 --> 03:38:29,408
THEM TO INDUSTRY OR WHENEVER

5449
03:38:29,408 --> 03:38:30,509
THEY CAN.

5450
03:38:30,509 --> 03:38:35,447
>> ONE THING IS LOOK AT

5451
03:38:35,447 --> 03:38:36,581
PARALLELS, WHAT HAPPENED IN

5452
03:38:36,581 --> 03:38:39,184
ENGINEERING WRIT LARGE IN THE

5453
03:38:39,184 --> 03:38:45,824
LAST CENTURY, PEOPLE DON'T DO

5454
03:38:45,824 --> 03:38:47,092
POSTDOCS, IN ENGINEERING, THEY

5455
03:38:47,092 --> 03:38:48,894
GO STRAIGHT TO JOBS.

5456
03:38:48,894 --> 03:38:52,064
DO THEY BEHAVE IN AN ETHICAL

5457
03:38:52,064 --> 03:38:52,631
WAY?

5458
03:38:52,631 --> 03:38:58,603
WE CAN DEBATE THAT.

5459
03:38:58,603 --> 03:39:00,205
I THINK THERE'S PRIVATE INDUSTRY

5460
03:39:00,205 --> 03:39:01,606
AND THERE'S GOVERNMENT BUT THEN

5461
03:39:01,606 --> 03:39:05,844
THERE'S GOING TO BE THIS HUGE

5462
03:39:05,844 --> 03:39:08,380
MIDDLE GROUND OF LIKE THE SAUDIS

5463
03:39:08,380 --> 03:39:13,051
ARE GOING TO FUND MORE AGING

5464
03:39:13,051 --> 03:39:16,955
RESEARCH THAN THE NIH DOES PER

5465
03:39:16,955 --> 03:39:17,489
YEAR.

5466
03:39:17,489 --> 03:39:19,858
AND THESE NEW ENTITIES THAT ARE

5467
03:39:19,858 --> 03:39:24,262
BEING FUNDED BY, YOU KNOW, THE

5468
03:39:24,262 --> 03:39:30,402
UBER WEALTHY, THAT'S GOING TO

5469
03:39:30,402 --> 03:39:32,904
START TAKING UP A LARGE AMOUNT

5470
03:39:32,904 --> 03:39:34,573
OF OUR NATIONAL FUNDING, BARRING

5471
03:39:34,573 --> 03:39:40,479
WHAT HAPPENS WITH THE ECONOMY.

5472
03:39:40,479 --> 03:39:42,214
THAT'S A UNIQUE SESSION WHERE A

5473
03:39:42,214 --> 03:39:44,616
LOT OF TRAINEES ARE GOING TO GO.

5474
03:39:44,616 --> 03:39:46,585
>> DAVID, YOU CAME OFF
MUTE.

5475
03:39:46,585 --> 03:39:48,687
>> YEAH, TWO THINGS TO
SAY.

5476
03:39:48,687 --> 03:39:50,555
THANK YOU, LYRIC.

5477
03:39:50,555 --> 03:39:54,359
THE FIRST IS A LITTLE BIT

5478
03:39:54,359 --> 03:39:54,893
SELFISH.

5479
03:39:54,893 --> 03:39:57,229
WE HAVE WHERE THE GREAT

5480
03:39:57,229 --> 03:39:58,530
RESIGNATION OVER A DOZEN OPEN

5481
03:39:58,530 --> 03:39:58,964
POSITIONS.

5482
03:39:58,964 --> 03:40:01,700
IF YOU WANT A JOB, COME SEE US.

5483
03:40:01,700 --> 03:40:03,535
THAT TELLS YOU THERE'S A

5484
03:40:03,535 --> 03:40:05,737
DRAMATIC NEED TO GET PEOPLE UM

5485
03:40:05,737 --> 03:40:09,808
TO SPEED IN TERMS OF

5486
03:40:09,808 --> 03:40:11,309
UNDERSTANDING THE BUT ALSO ON

5487
03:40:11,309 --> 03:40:14,613
THE OTHER SIDE, RESEARCH SIDE,

5488
03:40:14,613 --> 03:40:17,215
MAKING SURE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND,

5489
03:40:17,215 --> 03:40:19,217
UNDERSTAND TO CHRIS'S POINT HOW

5490
03:40:19,217 --> 03:40:22,154
TO MAKE THEM BE RESPONSIBLE.

5491
03:40:22,154 --> 03:40:23,889
I DISCUSSED MAYBE THIS SHOULD BE

5492
03:40:23,889 --> 03:40:26,224
MORE LOCALIZED, DONE AT THE

5493
03:40:26,224 --> 03:40:27,626
INSTITUTIONS SO IT'S NOT AS MUCH

5494
03:40:27,626 --> 03:40:36,067
NIH FOCUS, IT'S WHAT YOU 

5495
03:40:36,067 --> 03:40:36,868
MENTIONED, PAMELA.

5496
03:40:36,868 --> 03:40:44,609
THE 

5497
03:40:44,609 --> 03:40:47,512
THE FACT YOU USED TO DO MORE

5498
03:40:47,512 --> 03:40:48,313
OUTREACH, GOING TO INSTITUTIONS,

5499
03:40:48,313 --> 03:40:50,382
AND I'M NOT JUST SAYING IT'S

5500
03:40:50,382 --> 03:40:52,751
YOU, IT'S A BIG -- WE'VE GOT

5501
03:40:52,751 --> 03:40:57,622
LOTS OF AGENCIES, WE NEED MORE

5502
03:40:57,622 --> 03:41:01,693
EDUCATION THAN TRAINING.

5503
03:41:01,693 --> 03:41:02,961
IT NEEDS TO HAPPEN.

5504
03:41:02,961 --> 03:41:06,264
WE'RE NOT FOG TO CREATE A

5505
03:41:06,264 --> 03:41:14,439
POLICY, HERE'S THE POLICY, THIS

5506
03:41:14,439 --> 03:41:18,310
IS HOW WE'RE GOING TO PLYMOUTH

5507
03:41:18,310 --> 03:41:19,177
OF IMPROMOTE IT.

5508
03:41:19,177 --> 03:41:22,113
>> AND ONCE OF THE THINGS
--

5509
03:41:22,113 --> 03:41:24,349
THANK YOU.

5510
03:41:24,349 --> 03:41:29,221
WE APPRECIATE POSITIVE FEEDBACK.

5511
03:41:29,221 --> 03:41:30,689
I WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE U.S.

5512
03:41:30,689 --> 03:41:31,556
GOVERNMENT IS STRONGLY

5513
03:41:31,556 --> 03:41:32,524
INTERESTED IN THIS THINKING

5514
03:41:32,524 --> 03:41:35,727
ABOUT THIS FROM A NON-NIH

5515
03:41:35,727 --> 03:41:37,896
PERSPECTIVE AND WILL GET INTO IN

5516
03:41:37,896 --> 03:41:40,098
A MAR.

5517
03:41:40,098 --> 03:41:42,067
THAT COMMENT IS HEARD.

5518
03:41:42,067 --> 03:41:49,641
JERRY, WOULD YOU LIKE TO

5519
03:41:49,641 --> 03:41:51,142
COMMENT?

5520
03:41:51,142 --> 03:41:51,409
>> SURE.

5521
03:41:51,409 --> 03:41:56,615
DAVID, FOLLOWING UP A LITTLE

5522
03:41:56,615 --> 03:41:58,984
BIT, THE OTHER CHRISTOPHER,

5523
03:41:58,984 --> 03:42:09,527
JENNIFER IS WELL, HOW THIS MIGHT

5524
03:42:09,794 --> 03:42:12,864
BE IN THE FUTURE.

5525
03:42:12,864 --> 03:42:15,066
WHAT DO YOU THINK -- RICHARD MAY

5526
03:42:15,066 --> 03:42:17,802
HAVE MENTIONED THIS IN PUBLIC

5527
03:42:17,802 --> 03:42:21,306
COMMENTS, ABOUT AN INDEPENDENT

5528
03:42:21,306 --> 03:42:22,540
BIOLEWIS MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.

5529
03:42:22,540 --> 03:42:30,148
ANY COMMENTS ON THAT?

5530
03:42:30,148 --> 03:42:31,616
>> I'VE BEEN THINKING
ABOUT

5531
03:42:31,616 --> 03:42:34,886
THIS, MORE IN THE WAY OF

5532
03:42:34,886 --> 03:42:35,287
REGULATION.

5533
03:42:35,287 --> 03:42:39,291
YOU HAVE THE SAME PROBLEMS AS

5534
03:42:39,291 --> 03:42:41,493
YOU DO SIMILAR PROBLEMS, WITH

5535
03:42:41,493 --> 03:42:43,228
MULTIPLE AGENCIES, WITH

5536
03:42:43,228 --> 03:42:45,330
OVERLAPPING AUTHORITIES,

5537
03:42:45,330 --> 03:42:47,799
SOMETIMES GAPS, SOMETIMES

5538
03:42:47,799 --> 03:42:48,133
REDUNDANCIES.

5539
03:42:48,133 --> 03:42:50,669
OSTP HAS TAKEN A LEAD IN THE

5540
03:42:50,669 --> 03:42:53,738
PAST SOMETIMES OVER TIME WITH

5541
03:42:53,738 --> 03:42:55,173
THE COORDINATED FRAMEWORK FOR

5542
03:42:55,173 --> 03:42:56,274
REGULATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY.

5543
03:42:56,274 --> 03:42:58,677
I LIKE THE IDEA OF SOMETHING

5544
03:42:58,677 --> 03:42:59,978
EVEN MORE INDEPENDENT THAN THAT

5545
03:42:59,978 --> 03:43:04,582
BUT I THINK THAT MIGHT BE A

5546
03:43:04,582 --> 03:43:07,118
START, IN OSPT HAVING SOME

5547
03:43:07,118 --> 03:43:09,754
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIEDENT UNIT,

5548
03:43:09,754 --> 03:43:11,823
LIKE YOU SUGGEST.

5549
03:43:11,823 --> 03:43:17,062
I WOULD LOVE TO SEE THE SAME

5550
03:43:17,062 --> 03:43:20,065
THINGS REGULATING PRODUCTS FOR

5551
03:43:20,065 --> 03:43:20,332
BIOSAFETY.

5552
03:43:20,332 --> 03:43:26,037
THAT'S MY PERSPECTIVE.

5553
03:43:26,037 --> 03:43:29,441
>> YEAH, I'LL ADD.

5554
03:43:29,441 --> 03:43:30,175
GOVERNMENT-- REGULATORY

5555
03:43:30,175 --> 03:43:33,111
OVERSIGHT CAN SOMETIMES CAUSE

5556
03:43:33,111 --> 03:43:33,478
PROBLEMS.

5557
03:43:33,478 --> 03:43:39,217
WHEN YOU CENTRALIZE, WHETHER

5558
03:43:39,217 --> 03:43:42,220
GEORGE BUSH CENTRALIZEs TSA,

5559
03:43:42,220 --> 03:43:46,191
IF WE'RE GOING TO DO IT, DOUGH

5560
03:43:46,191 --> 03:43:48,927
IT RIGHT TO STREAMLINE, TO MAKE

5561
03:43:48,927 --> 03:43:50,595
IT EASIER TO MANAGE AND IDEALLY

5562
03:43:50,595 --> 03:43:55,300
IF WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A SYSTEM 

5563
03:43:55,300 --> 03:43:57,769
THINK ABOUT ALL THE OUTCOMES,

5564
03:43:57,769 --> 03:44:04,676
WHAT PROBLEMS ARE WE SOLVING AND

5565
03:44:04,676 --> 03:44:05,443
CREATING.

5566
03:44:05,443 --> 03:44:06,644
YOU HAVE TO THINK THROUGH THE

5567
03:44:06,644 --> 03:44:07,479
WHOLE PROCESS.

5568
03:44:07,479 --> 03:44:08,613
I DON'T HAVE A STRONG ANSWER

5569
03:44:08,613 --> 03:44:18,423
OTHER THAN IF YOU'RE GOING TO DO

5570
03:44:18,423 --> 03:44:19,691
IT, DO IT RIGHT.

5571
03:44:19,691 --> 03:44:23,928
>> I WOULD ADD THIS IDEA
OF A

5572
03:44:23,928 --> 03:44:26,264
CENTRAL COMMISSION OR SOMETHING

5573
03:44:26,264 --> 03:44:27,899
ALMOST PARABLES THE HHS GAIN OF

5574
03:44:27,899 --> 03:44:34,873
FUNCTION FRAMEWORK WHERE YOU 

5575
03:44:34,873 --> 03:44:37,075
HAVE A GROUP THAT BRINGS HIGH

5576
03:44:37,075 --> 03:44:38,043
LEVEL EXPERTISE.

5577
03:44:38,043 --> 03:44:44,416
I LIKE THAT AS A MODEL, I DON'T

5578
03:44:44,416 --> 03:44:47,385
KNOW WHETHER IT'S EXPER TUESDAY.

5579
03:44:47,385 --> 03:44:50,121
IT'S A REASONABLE STARTING POINT

5580
03:44:50,121 --> 03:44:52,257
BUT I WOULD CAUTION UNTIL WE

5581
03:44:52,257 --> 03:44:59,964
KNOW SHOULD FOCUS ON A NUMBER OF

5582
03:44:59,964 --> 03:45:00,999
EXPERIMENTS AND SHOULD CONSIDER

5583
03:45:00,999 --> 03:45:03,134
THE OTHERS, WHAT ARE THE RISKS

5584
03:45:03,134 --> 03:45:07,872
NOT NIH THAT NEED TO GET MANAGED

5585
03:45:07,872 --> 03:45:08,106
BETTER.

5586
03:45:08,106 --> 03:45:09,074
>> ANOTHER QUESTION, BUT
I'LL

5587
03:45:09,074 --> 03:45:15,180
YIELD TO  OTHERS WITH QUESTIONS.

5588
03:45:15,180 --> 03:45:16,214
>> JILL TAYLOR?

5589
03:45:16,214 --> 03:45:17,482
>> THIS WAS AN INTERESTING

5590
03:45:17,482 --> 03:45:21,419
SESSION TO ME BECAUSE I THINK

5591
03:45:21,419 --> 03:45:22,687
ABOUT RISK INCOME A DIFFERENT

5592
03:45:22,687 --> 03:45:27,025
WAY BECAUSE I COME FROM PUBLIC

5593
03:45:27,025 --> 03:45:28,226
HEALTH.

5594
03:45:28,226 --> 03:45:33,698
AND I WOULD ASK YOU WHEN YOU'RE

5595
03:45:33,698 --> 03:45:38,636
DOING THIS ANALYSIS, NSABB IS

5596
03:45:38,636 --> 03:45:41,239
DOING THIS, KEEN THE DOWNSTREAM

5597
03:45:41,239 --> 03:45:46,377
KENSES AND U.S. ABILITY TO

5598
03:45:46,377 --> 03:45:49,047
MANAGE A POTENTIAL ESCAPE,

5599
03:45:49,047 --> 03:45:49,681
ACCIDENT, WHATEVER.

5600
03:45:49,681 --> 03:45:51,950
AS PART OF THE DISCUSSION.

5601
03:45:51,950 --> 03:45:54,052
I HAVEN'T HEARD A LOT ABOUT THAT

5602
03:45:54,052 --> 03:45:55,720
DISCUSSION TODAY.

5603
03:45:55,720 --> 03:46:00,391
THAT'S NOT A CRITICISM, JUST A

5604
03:46:00,391 --> 03:46:02,494
COMMENT, PLEASE KEEP THAT AS

5605
03:46:02,494 --> 03:46:04,028
PARTS OF WHAT YOU'RE TALKING

5606
03:46:04,028 --> 03:46:05,263
ABOUT, WHAT OTHERS ARE TALKING

5607
03:46:05,263 --> 03:46:05,597
ABOUT.

5608
03:46:05,597 --> 03:46:07,966
THANK YOU.

5609
03:46:07,966 --> 03:46:11,269
 

5610
03:46:11,269 --> 03:46:12,036
>> A QUICK COMMENT.

5611
03:46:12,036 --> 03:46:14,372
I THINK THAT'S A GREAT COMMENT.

5612
03:46:14,372 --> 03:46:17,242
IT RELATES TO ENDPOINTS OF

5613
03:46:17,242 --> 03:46:18,309
CONCERN, IN RISK ASSESSMENT

5614
03:46:18,309 --> 03:46:20,445
WORLD THAT WE CALL THEM, WHERE

5615
03:46:20,445 --> 03:46:22,313
THE BALANCE BETWEEN OPENNESS AND

5616
03:46:22,313 --> 03:46:23,681
SECURITY ISN'T AS DIFFICULT

5617
03:46:23,681 --> 03:46:28,119
BECAUSE YOU COULD HAVE PEOPLE 

5618
03:46:28,119 --> 03:46:30,855
HIGHLIGHT DIFFERENT TYPES OF

5619
03:46:30,855 --> 03:46:33,057
ENDPOINTS OF CONCERN OR RISK AND

5620
03:46:33,057 --> 03:46:36,427
MAKE SURE POLICIES AROUND THEM.

5621
03:46:36,427 --> 03:46:44,769
A GREAT PLACE FOR STAKEHOLDER

5622
03:46:44,769 --> 03:46:45,603
ENGAINMENT.

5623
03:46:45,603 --> 03:46:48,106
>> THINKING ABOUT THE
FUTURE OF

5624
03:46:48,106 --> 03:46:50,675
THE POLICY, AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT

5625
03:46:50,675 --> 03:46:52,677
OR THOUGHTS, INTERESTING TO HEAR

5626
03:46:52,677 --> 03:46:54,846
ABOUT HOW YOUR UNIVERSITY THINKS

5627
03:46:54,846 --> 03:46:58,583
ABOUT SOME TRADEOFFS AND THAT

5628
03:46:58,583 --> 03:47:00,318
MAKES SENSE TO KEEP HIGH

5629
03:47:00,318 --> 03:47:01,519
STANDARDS AND PRIORITIZE.

5630
03:47:01,519 --> 03:47:04,489
THIS MORNING WE HEARD ABOUT THE

5631
03:47:04,489 --> 03:47:07,325
DESIRE OR SOME VALUE IN

5632
03:47:07,325 --> 03:47:08,293
CENTRALIZING RESOURCES FOR

5633
03:47:08,293 --> 03:47:10,828
BIOCONTAINMENT AND I WANTED TO

5634
03:47:10,828 --> 03:47:13,364
HEAR MORE ABOUT THE FUTURE, LEE

5635
03:47:13,364 --> 03:47:15,567
DOUGH MANNED AT YOUR

5636
03:47:15,567 --> 03:47:16,968
INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT ZERO

5637
03:47:16,968 --> 03:47:17,402
DEMAND.

5638
03:47:17,402 --> 03:47:21,573
IS THERE A TRADE IMPROVE TO

5639
03:47:21,573 --> 03:47:23,975
CENTRALIZE, SUCH AS CENTERS OF

5640
03:47:23,975 --> 03:47:25,710
EXCELLENCE, OR IS THAT

5641
03:47:25,710 --> 03:47:29,347
CONSOLIDATING EXPERTISE IN WAYS

5642
03:47:29,347 --> 03:47:32,083
THAT ARE DETRIMENTAL TO THE

5643
03:47:32,083 --> 03:47:33,351
UNIVERSITY OR OTHER SETTING IN

5644
03:47:33,351 --> 03:47:35,253
WHICH THIS TAKES PLATES.

5645
03:47:35,253 --> 03:47:37,855
>> I MIGHT JUST START OFF,
BUT

5646
03:47:37,855 --> 03:47:43,161
I'M INTERESTED IN WHAT THE 

5647
03:47:43,161 --> 03:47:45,196
OTHERS HAVE TO SAY.

5648
03:47:45,196 --> 03:47:47,599
PART OF THE SECRET SAUCE TO AN

5649
03:47:47,599 --> 03:47:50,134
INSTITUTION IS IT'S VERY

5650
03:47:50,134 --> 03:47:51,569
DECENTRALIZED AND BROAD.

5651
03:47:51,569 --> 03:47:53,171
AN INVESTIGATOR CAN COME HERE,

5652
03:47:53,171 --> 03:47:54,739
HAVE A GOOD IDEA AND GET IT

5653
03:47:54,739 --> 03:47:58,876
FUNDED THEY CAN DO IT.

5654
03:47:58,876 --> 03:48:01,479
IF WE DON'T HAVE A BSL3 YOU

5655
03:48:01,479 --> 03:48:02,814
CAN'T DO IT.

5656
03:48:02,814 --> 03:48:05,116
MAYBE THERE IS SOME VALUE IN

5657
03:48:05,116 --> 03:48:06,484
JUST SAYING OUR INSTITUTION

5658
03:48:06,484 --> 03:48:07,952
DOESN'T FOCUS ON INFECTIOUS

5659
03:48:07,952 --> 03:48:09,153
DISEASE RESEARCH.

5660
03:48:09,153 --> 03:48:11,889
OUR BREAD AND BUTTER IS

5661
03:48:11,889 --> 03:48:14,158
ROBOTICS, OR SOMETHING LIKE

5662
03:48:14,158 --> 03:48:19,030
THAT, WHEN WE PROMULGATE

5663
03:48:19,030 --> 03:48:22,000
POLICIES, IT DRIVES THE RESEARCH

5664
03:48:22,000 --> 03:48:31,276
TO PLACES THAT CAN IMPLEMENT THE

5665
03:48:31,276 --> 03:48:31,542
POLICY.

5666
03:48:31,542 --> 03:48:33,311
>> I WANT TO MAKE SURE I
ANSWER

5667
03:48:33,311 --> 03:48:34,145
WHAT YOU'RE ASKING.

5668
03:48:34,145 --> 03:48:36,547
WOULD YOU ASK IT AGAIN PLEASE?

5669
03:48:36,547 --> 03:48:39,050
>> I THINK IT WAS JIM THIS

5670
03:48:39,050 --> 03:48:42,353
MORNING, I APOLOGIZE IF I'M

5671
03:48:42,353 --> 03:48:44,422
INCORRECT, CENTRALIZING

5672
03:48:44,422 --> 03:48:45,456
RESOURCES AROUND BIOCONTAINMENT,

5673
03:48:45,456 --> 03:48:46,824
HAVING SOME CENTRAL MODELS.

5674
03:48:46,824 --> 03:48:49,127
THE QUESTION HERE IS THINKING

5675
03:48:49,127 --> 03:48:52,196
ABOUT THE FUTURE, DO WE HAVE

5676
03:48:52,196 --> 03:48:53,398
POLICIES WHERE WE PRIORITIZE

5677
03:48:53,398 --> 03:48:55,133
PEOPLE WHO HAVE THE ABILITY TO

5678
03:48:55,133 --> 03:49:03,741
DO THIS RESEARCH OR DO WE 

5679
03:49:03,741 --> 03:49:08,212
PRIORITIZE THIS GROUNDSWELL. 

5680
03:49:08,212 --> 03:49:10,381
SO HEARING THE TRADEOFF, DO WE

5681
03:49:10,381 --> 03:49:13,584
WANT TO, AS WRIST MENTIONED, BE

5682
03:49:13,584 --> 03:49:23,628
MORE CONSCIOUS OR ALLOW IT TO BE

5683
03:49:23,628 --> 03:49:24,629
AN INVERTANCE OF POLICY.

5684
03:49:24,629 --> 03:49:26,497
>> DIFFICULT TO LIMIT IT
TO

5685
03:49:26,497 --> 03:49:28,132
CERTAIN PLACES OR INSTITUTIONS,

5686
03:49:28,132 --> 03:49:31,636
BECAUSE I THINK ABOUT US, LIKE

5687
03:49:31,636 --> 03:49:34,038
TO CHRIS' POINT, WE -- IF

5688
03:49:34,038 --> 03:49:35,673
SOMEBODY WANTS TO DO SOMETHING

5689
03:49:35,673 --> 03:49:37,342
AND WE CAN ACCOMMODATE, WE'LL DO

5690
03:49:37,342 --> 03:49:37,709
IT.

5691
03:49:37,709 --> 03:49:40,511
THERE ISN'T MUCH MORE.

5692
03:49:40,511 --> 03:49:41,612
THE ONLY LIMITING FACTORS WOULD

5693
03:49:41,612 --> 03:49:44,248
BE DO WE HAVE THE CONTAINMENT

5694
03:49:44,248 --> 03:49:46,317
FACILITIES TO DO THAT.

5695
03:49:46,317 --> 03:49:49,921
AT OUR INSTITUTION IF WE DIDN'T

5696
03:49:49,921 --> 03:49:55,827
HAVE THE ABILITY, WE WOULD DO IT

5697
03:49:55,827 --> 03:49:56,861
AND BUILD IT.

5698
03:49:56,861 --> 03:50:00,198
I WORRY IT'S U.S.-CENTRIC.

5699
03:50:00,198 --> 03:50:04,902
GRANTED THIS IS THE GOVERNMENT.

5700
03:50:04,902 --> 03:50:06,971
I'M NOT SURE OTHER PLACES IN THE

5701
03:50:06,971 --> 03:50:08,740
WORLD WOULD STOP IT.

5702
03:50:08,740 --> 03:50:10,274
I WON'T SEE ANY MORE THAN THAT

5703
03:50:10,274 --> 03:50:18,483
BUT IT WOULD BE CHALLENGING.

5704
03:50:18,483 --> 03:50:20,985
>> WE'RE COMING CLOSE TO
TIME.

5705
03:50:20,985 --> 03:50:22,920
GERRY, FINAL QUESTION FOR THIS

5706
03:50:22,920 --> 03:50:26,157
PANEL.

5707
03:50:26,157 --> 03:50:29,560
 

5708
03:50:29,560 --> 03:50:29,927
>> BOY.

5709
03:50:29,927 --> 03:50:35,233
MOST HAS BEEN SAID.

5710
03:50:35,233 --> 03:50:38,069
MAYBE ONE QUICK LIGHTNING ANSWER

5711
03:50:38,069 --> 03:50:42,774
FROM ALL, WHAT WE'RE HEARING

5712
03:50:42,774 --> 03:50:48,012
TODAY IS DURC IS RIGHT NOW LIST

5713
03:50:48,012 --> 03:50:51,416
BASED, AND SEVEN EXPERIMENTS,

5714
03:50:51,416 --> 03:50:57,321
ESSENTIALLY P3CO ALMOST A SUBSET

5715
03:50:57,321 --> 03:50:59,524
OF DURC, WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS,

5716
03:50:59,524 --> 03:51:01,592
LIGHTNING ANSWER, HOW THOSE

5717
03:51:01,592 --> 03:51:03,628
WOULD LOOK TO INTEGRATE, OR IS

5718
03:51:03,628 --> 03:51:04,562
THERE BENEFIT TO INTEGRATING

5719
03:51:04,562 --> 03:51:07,298
THOSE?

5720
03:51:07,298 --> 03:51:09,801
>> I'LL GO FIRST.

5721
03:51:09,801 --> 03:51:10,001
YES.

5722
03:51:10,001 --> 03:51:12,537
I DEFINITELY THINK THERE WOULD

5723
03:51:12,537 --> 03:51:13,638
BE BENEFIT.

5724
03:51:13,638 --> 03:51:15,973
I CARE ABOUT HAVING TOO MUCH

5725
03:51:15,973 --> 03:51:16,808
BUREAUCRACY, TOO MUCH

5726
03:51:16,808 --> 03:51:19,143
REDUNDANCY. 

5727
03:51:19,143 --> 03:51:20,311
WE HAVE LIMITED STAFF.

5728
03:51:20,311 --> 03:51:21,813
WE NEED TO KNOW EXACTLY WHAT WE

5729
03:51:21,813 --> 03:51:24,449
NEED TO DO AND JUST DO THAT AND

5730
03:51:24,449 --> 03:51:26,851
HAVING TO DO IT MULTIPLE TIMES

5731
03:51:26,851 --> 03:51:28,820
FOR DIFFERENT AGENCIES IS

5732
03:51:28,820 --> 03:51:30,254
RIDICULOUS, SO YES.

5733
03:51:30,254 --> 03:51:33,090
>> YOU NEED A COMMON USG,
NOT

5734
03:51:33,090 --> 03:51:36,861
HHS OR DoD OR USDA, SOMETHING

5735
03:51:36,861 --> 03:51:38,029
THAT WOULD BE HARMONIZED.

5736
03:51:38,029 --> 03:51:39,363
>> YES, BECAUSE THINK
ABOUT IT.

5737
03:51:39,363 --> 03:51:42,400
IF I DO THIS WORK AND CDC

5738
03:51:42,400 --> 03:51:44,168
INSPECTS, NIH DECIDES TO

5739
03:51:44,168 --> 03:51:45,803
INSPECT, WE MAY ALSO HAVE A

5740
03:51:45,803 --> 03:51:49,307
DoD GRANT WHERE THEY DECIDE TO

5741
03:51:49,307 --> 03:51:51,776
INSPECT, A LOT OF PAPERWORK, A

5742
03:51:51,776 --> 03:51:53,344
LOT OF INSPECTION, TIME WASTED

5743
03:51:53,344 --> 03:51:54,912
TO WHAT BENEFIT?

5744
03:51:54,912 --> 03:51:56,414
>> CHRISTOPHER, JENNIFER,
WANT

5745
03:51:56,414 --> 03:51:58,316
TO COMMENT?

5746
03:51:58,316 --> 03:52:01,486
>> DEFER TO DAVID WHO IS
ON THE

5747
03:52:01,486 --> 03:52:03,454
GROUND IN THESE SITUATIONS.

5748
03:52:03,454 --> 03:52:04,755
>> I'LL JUST SAY I'VE
THOUGHT

5749
03:52:04,755 --> 03:52:06,724
THE GAIN OF FUNCTION STUDIES IN

5750
03:52:06,724 --> 03:52:10,228
QUESTION WERE A TYPE OF DURC,

5751
03:52:10,228 --> 03:52:12,096
SUBSET OF DURC MAYBE, IT

5752
03:52:12,096 --> 03:52:13,598
PROBABLY MAKES SOME SENSE TO

5753
03:52:13,598 --> 03:52:13,998
COMBINE POLICIES.

5754
03:52:13,998 --> 03:52:16,234
I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO IT YET

5755
03:52:16,234 --> 03:52:19,103
BUT ANY  APPROACH WHERE A

5756
03:52:19,103 --> 03:52:19,971
FUNDING AGENCY TO IDENTIFY

5757
03:52:19,971 --> 03:52:21,072
SOMETHING OF HIGH CONCERN AND

5758
03:52:21,072 --> 03:52:23,808
SAY WE WANT TO FUND THIS, WE

5759
03:52:23,808 --> 03:52:26,644
THINK IT'S DURC, WE BROUGHT TO

5760
03:52:26,644 --> 03:52:28,312
BEAR EXPERTISE TELLING US IT IS,

5761
03:52:28,312 --> 03:52:36,354
YOU OF I  -- YOU AT THE 

5762
03:52:36,354 --> 03:52:38,256
INSTITUTION, I WANT YOU TO BE

5763
03:52:38,256 --> 03:52:39,891
AWARE AND MANAGE IT, ESPECIALLY

5764
03:52:39,891 --> 03:52:41,959
IF IDENTIFIED AT TIME OF

5765
03:52:41,959 --> 03:52:42,527
FUNDING.

5766
03:52:42,527 --> 03:52:42,827
>> THANKS.

5767
03:52:42,827 --> 03:52:46,898
NO FURTHER QUESTIONS FROM ME.

5768
03:52:46,898 --> 03:52:51,602
>> I WANT TO THANK IF I --
THIS

5769
03:52:51,602 --> 03:52:53,104
PANEL, WITH PARTICIPANTS ILL,

5770
03:52:53,104 --> 03:52:54,205
COMING OFF VACATION, WE

5771
03:52:54,205 --> 03:52:55,540
APPRECIATE YOUR WILLINGNESS TO

5772
03:52:55,540 --> 03:52:55,840
JOIN US.

5773
03:52:55,840 --> 03:52:57,608
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR

5774
03:52:57,608 --> 03:52:57,875
THOUGHTS.

5775
03:52:57,875 --> 03:52:59,810
WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF TIME FOR

5776
03:52:59,810 --> 03:53:01,445
SOME CLOSING THOUGHTS.

5777
03:53:01,445 --> 03:53:05,716
I WOULD LOVE TO INVITE GERRY AND

5778
03:53:05,716 --> 03:53:09,120
RACHEL TO GIVE SOME THOUGHTS

5779
03:53:09,120 --> 03:53:13,090
ABOUT TODAY AND SOME MAYBE

5780
03:53:13,090 --> 03:53:15,326
THEMES OR INTERESTING CONCEPTS.

5781
03:53:15,326 --> 03:53:17,428
GERRY, DO YOU WANT TO START?

5782
03:53:17,428 --> 03:53:17,828
>> SURE.

5783
03:53:17,828 --> 03:53:22,767
BOY, IT WAS A LOT.

5784
03:53:22,767 --> 03:53:27,204
A GOOD DISCUSSION, HARD WORK. 

5785
03:53:27,204 --> 03:53:28,973
THESE ARE HARD POLICIES.

5786
03:53:28,973 --> 03:53:32,710
THERE'S A REASON MAYBE DURC WAS

5787
03:53:32,710 --> 03:53:34,912
ORIGINALLY LIST BASE, 15 SELECT

5788
03:53:34,912 --> 03:53:35,413
AGENTS.

5789
03:53:35,413 --> 03:53:38,649
IT'S DIFFICULT TO GET BEYOND

5790
03:53:38,649 --> 03:53:39,417
LIST BASE.

5791
03:53:39,417 --> 03:53:42,587
WE'RE IN A BIT OF SPACE WHERE WE

5792
03:53:42,587 --> 03:53:46,057
RECOGNIZE MAYBE A LIST BASE IS

5793
03:53:46,057 --> 03:53:47,258
NECESSARY, NOT SUFFICIENT, SO WE

5794
03:53:47,258 --> 03:53:49,026
ARE GOING TO HAVE TO FIGURE OUT

5795
03:53:49,026 --> 03:53:53,064
HOW TO MOVE FORWARD WITH A RISK

5796
03:53:53,064 --> 03:53:55,366
BASE IN ADDITION TO LIST BASE,

5797
03:53:55,366 --> 03:53:57,768
THAT'S GOING TO REQUIRE SOME

5798
03:53:57,768 --> 03:53:58,669
THOUGHTFUL CONSIDERATION BUT I

5799
03:53:58,669 --> 03:54:03,474
HEARD PEOPLE SAYING THAT TODAY.

5800
03:54:03,474 --> 03:54:05,876
JIM LE DUC PROVIDED A LOT OF

5801
03:54:05,876 --> 03:54:09,146
THINGS, A ROAD MAP TO A WAY

5802
03:54:09,146 --> 03:54:09,380
FORWARD.

5803
03:54:09,380 --> 03:54:11,882
WE NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO A

5804
03:54:11,882 --> 03:54:13,951
LOT OF THINGS JIM LAID OUT.

5805
03:54:13,951 --> 03:54:15,620
THERE'S SOME REALLY GOOD

5806
03:54:15,620 --> 03:54:18,456
EXAMPLES OF HOW A COUPLE

5807
03:54:18,456 --> 03:54:21,392
UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY OF

5808
03:54:21,392 --> 03:54:23,260
CHICAGO, UTMB, ACTUALLY WORK

5809
03:54:23,260 --> 03:54:25,563
IBCs THAT ARE VERY IMPORTANT.

5810
03:54:25,563 --> 03:54:27,732
WE'RE PUTTING A LOT OF WORK, A

5811
03:54:27,732 --> 03:54:30,601
LOT OF RESPONSIBILITY ON OUR

5812
03:54:30,601 --> 03:54:31,802
IBCs, AT THE INSTITUTION

5813
03:54:31,802 --> 03:54:32,203
LEVEL.

5814
03:54:32,203 --> 03:54:35,539
I ALSO AGREE WITH JIM WE'VE GOT

5815
03:54:35,539 --> 03:54:39,510
TO UPREGULATE, ON PAR WITH IACUC

5816
03:54:39,510 --> 03:54:40,344
AND HUMAN RESEARCH, PROBABLY

5817
03:54:40,344 --> 03:54:43,447
HAVE TO TAKE A LOOK AT QUALITY

5818
03:54:43,447 --> 03:54:46,384
CONTROL OF THE IBCs ACROSS

5819
03:54:46,384 --> 03:54:47,952
UNIVERSITIES AND MOVE BEYOND

5820
03:54:47,952 --> 03:54:52,189
UNIVERSITIES AND BEYOND FEDERAL

5821
03:54:52,189 --> 03:54:53,624
FUNDING INSTITUTIONS, WE'LL HAVE

5822
03:54:53,624 --> 03:54:55,893
TO GIVE THAT CONSIDERABLE

5823
03:54:55,893 --> 03:54:56,360
THOUGHT.

5824
03:54:56,360 --> 03:54:57,962
MAYBE MY FINAL THOUGHT, I

5825
03:54:57,962 --> 03:54:58,629
STRUGGLE WITH THIS.

5826
03:54:58,629 --> 03:55:02,366
CHRISTOPHER SAID IT IN THE LAST

5827
03:55:02,366 --> 03:55:04,802
PANEL, TENSION BETWEEN

5828
03:55:04,802 --> 03:55:06,871
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL

5829
03:55:06,871 --> 03:55:07,238
IMPLEMENTATION.

5830
03:55:07,238 --> 03:55:08,372
AND IN REALITY A LOT OF THINGS

5831
03:55:08,372 --> 03:55:13,978
WE SAID TODAY ARE NOT NEW.

5832
03:55:13,978 --> 03:55:17,782
BUT THE PRACTICAL IMPLICATION IS

5833
03:55:17,782 --> 03:55:21,619
REALLY HARD BUT WE'VE GOT TO GET

5834
03:55:21,619 --> 03:55:23,587
BEYOND THAT THEORETICAL TO

5835
03:55:23,587 --> 03:55:24,822
PRACTICAL IMPLICATION AND IT

5836
03:55:24,822 --> 03:55:27,291
WON'T HAPPEN OVERNIGHT BUT WE'VE

5837
03:55:27,291 --> 03:55:29,593
GOT TO ACCELERATE THAT JOURNEY.

5838
03:55:29,593 --> 03:55:34,999
I'LL STOP AND DEFER TO RACHEL.

5839
03:55:34,999 --> 03:55:35,633
>> SURE.

5840
03:55:35,633 --> 03:55:36,967
ACTUALLY, GERRY, YOU WENT WHERE

5841
03:55:36,967 --> 03:55:39,336
I WAS DEBATING GOING AND DECIDED

5842
03:55:39,336 --> 03:55:43,307
NOT TO, IN TERMS OF INTEGRATING

5843
03:55:43,307 --> 03:55:45,743
OR HARMONIZING P3CO AND DURC AND

5844
03:55:45,743 --> 03:55:48,679
I WOULD ADD INTO THAT SELECT

5845
03:55:48,679 --> 03:55:50,548
AGENT PROGRAM.

5846
03:55:50,548 --> 03:55:55,152
WE HAVE -- MAYBE OTHERS BUT

5847
03:55:55,152 --> 03:55:56,587
THOSE THREE DEFINITELY.

5848
03:55:56,587 --> 03:55:58,422
SIMON ANTHONY RAISED MY

5849
03:55:58,422 --> 03:56:00,958
CONSCIOUSNESS ABOUT GRAY AREA

5850
03:56:00,958 --> 03:56:01,425
RESEARCH.

5851
03:56:01,425 --> 03:56:05,663
THAT REALLY BEGS FOR THE

5852
03:56:05,663 --> 03:56:09,600
INTEGRATION AND DISCUSSION AND

5853
03:56:09,600 --> 03:56:12,436
TRAINING AND SORT OF THOUGHT

5854
03:56:12,436 --> 03:56:15,706
PROCESS ABOUT WHAT IS OF

5855
03:56:15,706 --> 03:56:15,940
CONCERN.

5856
03:56:15,940 --> 03:56:17,475
WHEN WE SAID WE'RE GOING TO DO

5857
03:56:17,475 --> 03:56:20,811
AN UPDATE ON DURC, I KEPT GOING

5858
03:56:20,811 --> 03:56:22,079
BACK TO "OF CONCERN."

5859
03:56:22,079 --> 03:56:24,482
HOW CAN WE DEFINE THAT IN A

5860
03:56:24,482 --> 03:56:24,915
RATIONAL WAY?

5861
03:56:24,915 --> 03:56:27,985
AND I THINK IF WE DO THAT WE

5862
03:56:27,985 --> 03:56:31,021
START THERE, THE TRAINING PART,

5863
03:56:31,021 --> 03:56:33,357
CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING COMES WITH

5864
03:56:33,357 --> 03:56:33,657
THAT.

5865
03:56:33,657 --> 03:56:35,860
THE POINT ABOUT NIH HAVING

5866
03:56:35,860 --> 03:56:38,462
PROVIDED MORE OUTREACH AND

5867
03:56:38,462 --> 03:56:40,664
TRAINING RESOURCES, I LOOKED AT

5868
03:56:40,664 --> 03:56:42,733
THE FAQs AND TRAINING, THAT'S

5869
03:56:42,733 --> 03:56:42,933
GREAT.

5870
03:56:42,933 --> 03:56:44,935
BUT NOT EVEN EVERYBODY WHO IS

5871
03:56:44,935 --> 03:56:47,671
RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS KNOWS THOSE

5872
03:56:47,671 --> 03:56:49,974
EXIST, IF WE GOOGLE IT, BUT I

5873
03:56:49,974 --> 03:56:52,910
THINK THERE NEEDS TO BE A FULL

5874
03:56:52,910 --> 03:56:57,648
COURT PRESS ON THAT DISCUSSION.

5875
03:56:57,648 --> 03:57:02,119
AND MAKING IT BROAD, I SPENT A

5876
03:57:02,119 --> 03:57:03,020
LOT OF TIME THERE, I DON'T KNOW

5877
03:57:03,020 --> 03:57:06,090
IF THAT'S THE PLACE OR HAVE AN

5878
03:57:06,090 --> 03:57:07,992
ACADEMY GROUP OR PUBLIC

5879
03:57:07,992 --> 03:57:09,026
DISCUSSION, THAT INVOLVES THE

5880
03:57:09,026 --> 03:57:13,631
OTHER PLAYERS THAT WE'VE TALKED 

5881
03:57:13,631 --> 03:57:15,399
ABOUT, WHETHER INDUSTRY DIY,

5882
03:57:15,399 --> 03:57:17,301
INTERNATIONAL, THE U.S. CAN SET

5883
03:57:17,301 --> 03:57:18,035
AN EXAMPLE.

5884
03:57:18,035 --> 03:57:20,004
I THINK IF WE COME UP WITH

5885
03:57:20,004 --> 03:57:21,639
SOMETHING THAT MAKES SENSE, THAT

5886
03:57:21,639 --> 03:57:23,707
OTHER COUNTRIES WOULD BE

5887
03:57:23,707 --> 03:57:25,810
DELIGHTED, SOME AT LEAST, FALL

5888
03:57:25,810 --> 03:57:28,512
INTO LINE BUT WE'VE TALKED ABOUT

5889
03:57:28,512 --> 03:57:29,446
THE CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY,

5890
03:57:29,446 --> 03:57:32,249
IF WE DON'T HAVE SOMETHING THAT

5891
03:57:32,249 --> 03:57:35,085
MAKES SENSE AND ISN'T VULCANIZED

5892
03:57:35,085 --> 03:57:37,054
THEY ARE NOT GOING TO FOLLOW IT.

5893
03:57:37,054 --> 03:57:38,722
IT'S A GOOD TIME TO BE

5894
03:57:38,722 --> 03:57:41,225
REEXAMINING WHAT WE DO, HOW WE

5895
03:57:41,225 --> 03:57:44,461
DO IT, ESPECIALLY HOW WE TRAIN

5896
03:57:44,461 --> 03:57:46,263
RESEARCHERS FOR WHEREVER THEY

5897
03:57:46,263 --> 03:57:50,634
GO, THEY END UP GOING IN OTHER

5898
03:57:50,634 --> 03:57:54,138
COUNTRIES OR IN OTHER

5899
03:57:54,138 --> 03:57:56,106
DISCIPLINES AND INDUSTRY.

5900
03:57:56,106 --> 03:57:57,608
I THINK IT'S WELL PAST TIME TO

5901
03:57:57,608 --> 03:57:58,742
DO THAT.

5902
03:57:58,742 --> 03:58:00,277
THIS IS THE WINDOW OF

5903
03:58:00,277 --> 03:58:02,813
OPPORTUNITY I THINK THE PANDEMIC

5904
03:58:02,813 --> 03:58:05,182
MADE US REEVALUATE WHAT WE

5905
03:58:05,182 --> 03:58:06,717
CONSIDER RISK AND BENEFIT FROM

5906
03:58:06,717 --> 03:58:08,485
BOTH SIDES AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF

5907
03:58:08,485 --> 03:58:09,253
THAT OPPORTUNITY.

5908
03:58:09,253 --> 03:58:10,988
I SEE JIM HAS A HAND UP AND

5909
03:58:10,988 --> 03:58:14,491
GOING BACK TO HIS ROAD MAP, A

5910
03:58:14,491 --> 03:58:17,862
FITTING PERSON TO GIVE US 

5911
03:58:17,862 --> 03:58:22,366
ANOTHER POINTER ON THAT.

5912
03:58:22,366 --> 03:58:25,536
>> I DID WANT TO EMPHASIZE
OR

5913
03:58:25,536 --> 03:58:27,905
DRAW ATTENTION TO CHRIS' COMMENT

5914
03:58:27,905 --> 03:58:30,241
THAT THEY ARE CONSIDERING

5915
03:58:30,241 --> 03:58:32,042
CLOSING DOWN THEIR BSL3

5916
03:58:32,042 --> 03:58:33,577
LABORATORY, FOR FINANCIAL

5917
03:58:33,577 --> 03:58:34,245
REASONS.

5918
03:58:34,245 --> 03:58:37,448
I THINK THIS JUST EXEMPLIFIES

5919
03:58:37,448 --> 03:58:40,084
THE COST OF THE BIOSAFETY

5920
03:58:40,084 --> 03:58:42,052
ASPECTS OF THE CHALLENGES THAT

5921
03:58:42,052 --> 03:58:42,920
WE'RE FACING.

5922
03:58:42,920 --> 03:58:44,922
AND, AGAIN, IT GOES BACK TO THE

5923
03:58:44,922 --> 03:58:46,891
FACT THAT NIH IS ALREADY

5924
03:58:46,891 --> 03:58:49,193
INVESTED A BILLION DOLLARS IN

5925
03:58:49,193 --> 03:58:49,960
BUILDING THESE BIOCONTAINMENT

5926
03:58:49,960 --> 03:58:52,696
LABS, IS THERE A WAY THAT WE CAN

5927
03:58:52,696 --> 03:58:54,765
BETTER USE THEM MORE EFFICIENTLY

5928
03:58:54,765 --> 03:58:57,268
TO HELP ADDRESS THIS QUESTION.

5929
03:58:57,268 --> 03:59:01,238
SO I JUST COULDN'T HELP BUT

5930
03:59:01,238 --> 03:59:01,639
COMMENT ON CHRIS.

5931
03:59:01,639 --> 03:59:05,276
THANK YOU.

5932
03:59:05,276 --> 03:59:09,513
>> IF I COULD ECHO ONE
THING

5933
03:59:09,513 --> 03:59:13,684
ABOUT SIMON'S POINT ABOUT THE

5934
03:59:13,684 --> 03:59:15,286
UNCERTAIN TERRITORY, WE'VE GOT

5935
03:59:15,286 --> 03:59:16,520
TO INCORPORATE THAT UNCERTAIN

5936
03:59:16,520 --> 03:59:19,723
TERRITORY THAT'S UNKNOWN AND

5937
03:59:19,723 --> 03:59:22,359
RISK ASSESSMENT, INTO OUR

5938
03:59:22,359 --> 03:59:22,760
POLICIES.

5939
03:59:22,760 --> 03:59:24,728
>> THAT'S GOING TO BE
ESPECIALLY

5940
03:59:24,728 --> 03:59:27,398
CRITICAL, IF IN FACT WE GO

5941
03:59:27,398 --> 03:59:29,233
FORWARD WITH A GLOBAL

5942
03:59:29,233 --> 03:59:31,035
SURVEILLANCE EFFORT IN SOME

5943
03:59:31,035 --> 03:59:31,535
FASHION.

5944
03:59:31,535 --> 03:59:33,437
WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU FIND IT?

5945
03:59:33,437 --> 03:59:35,739
HOW DO WE CLASSIFY AND HANDLE

5946
03:59:35,739 --> 03:59:37,141
IT?

5947
03:59:37,141 --> 03:59:40,844
EVEN IF IT'S NOT THE LIVE

5948
03:59:40,844 --> 03:59:42,046
ORGANISM BUT SEQUENCE, THAT

5949
03:59:42,046 --> 03:59:44,415
BRINGS UP OTHER QUESTIONS ABOUT

5950
03:59:44,415 --> 03:59:51,355
DEALING WITH INFORMATION POLICY.

5951
03:59:51,355 --> 03:59:52,656
>> AGAIN, EVERYTHING HAS
BEEN

5952
03:59:52,656 --> 03:59:54,858
SAID BY YOU BOTH, ESPECIALLY

5953
03:59:54,858 --> 03:59:56,727
AROUND THE SCOPE.

5954
03:59:56,727 --> 03:59:58,562
SOME THOUGHTS AROUND THE NORMS

5955
03:59:58,562 --> 04:00:01,098
THAT EVEN AREAS WE DON'T, QUOTE,

5956
04:00:01,098 --> 04:00:03,000
REGULATE BUT CAN LEARN FROM AND

5957
04:00:03,000 --> 04:00:03,734
IMPLEMENT PRACTICES WOULD BE

5958
04:00:03,734 --> 04:00:05,035
VERY IMPORTANT.

5959
04:00:05,035 --> 04:00:07,571
THE PART THAT CONTINUALLY

5960
04:00:07,571 --> 04:00:11,275
STRIKES ME IS GERRY TALKED ABOUT

5961
04:00:11,275 --> 04:00:12,476
PRACTICAL VERSUS THEORETICAL AND

5962
04:00:12,476 --> 04:00:13,610
CHALLENGES FOR THE RESEARCH

5963
04:00:13,610 --> 04:00:15,346
COMMUNITY TO DEFINE THAT WHICH I

5964
04:00:15,346 --> 04:00:17,314
THINK THE PRACTICAL AND

5965
04:00:17,314 --> 04:00:19,450
THEORETICAL HAS A MUCH STRONGER

5966
04:00:19,450 --> 04:00:23,887
LEVEL OF PRECISION TO IT BUT

5967
04:00:23,887 --> 04:00:25,622
WHEN WE HEAR NIH AND PUBLIC

5968
04:00:25,622 --> 04:00:28,359
SERVING THE COUNTRY AND MORE HOW

5969
04:00:28,359 --> 04:00:30,461
TO DEFINE THOSE IN WAYS THAT ARE

5970
04:00:30,461 --> 04:00:34,064
MEANINGFUL AND WE DEVELOP 

5971
04:00:34,064 --> 04:00:35,265
MITIGATION THAT ADDRESS

5972
04:00:35,265 --> 04:00:36,667
PRACTICAL RISKS AND NOT

5973
04:00:36,667 --> 04:00:37,801
THEORETICAL BECAUSE THEY ARE

5974
04:00:37,801 --> 04:00:39,670
COSTLY AND DON'T PROVIDE

5975
04:00:39,670 --> 04:00:40,971
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS.

5976
04:00:40,971 --> 04:00:42,606
HOWEVER, THE PUBLIC INVESTMENT

5977
04:00:42,606 --> 04:00:45,209
IS WHAT FOOTS THE BILL FOR THIS

5978
04:00:45,209 --> 04:00:46,877
RESEARCH SO HOW DO WE

5979
04:00:46,877 --> 04:00:49,113
EFFICIENTLY MANAGE THAT, THAT

5980
04:00:49,113 --> 04:00:52,483
KIND OF BALANCE.

5981
04:00:52,483 --> 04:00:54,151
WITH THAT, I WILL START TO WRAP

5982
04:00:54,151 --> 04:00:55,552
US UP FOR TODAY.

5983
04:00:55,552 --> 04:00:57,187
AS MENTIONED, THIS IS ONE IN

5984
04:00:57,187 --> 04:00:58,956
SEVERAL OF OUR LISTENING

5985
04:00:58,956 --> 04:00:59,390
SESSIONS.

5986
04:00:59,390 --> 04:01:02,993
AGAIN, WE CONTINUE TO TRY TO

5987
04:01:02,993 --> 04:01:06,730
WORK TO ENGAGE MANY SPEAKERS AND

5988
04:01:06,730 --> 04:01:08,265
WE'RE ALWAYS LOOKING FOR

5989
04:01:08,265 --> 04:01:10,000
FEEDBACK OR OTHER SORTS OF --

5990
04:01:10,000 --> 04:01:12,403
SORRY, I'M TRYING TO SHARE MY

5991
04:01:12,403 --> 04:01:14,271
SCREEN TO GIVE YOU A PLACE TO

5992
04:01:14,271 --> 04:01:18,042
SEND COMMENTS, IF YOU'D LIKE TO

5993
04:01:18,042 --> 04:01:20,244
SEND COMMENTS TO THE NIH FOR

5994
04:01:20,244 --> 04:01:22,579
CONSIDERATION, WE'RE HAPPY TO

5995
04:01:22,579 --> 04:01:23,680
TAKE THOSE AT ANY TIME.

5996
04:01:23,680 --> 04:01:25,549
THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL.

5997
04:01:25,549 --> 04:01:26,950
WE'LL BE CONTINUING THIS

5998
04:01:26,950 --> 04:01:27,284
CONVERSATION.

5999
04:01:27,284 --> 04:01:29,787
WE'LL ALSO WORK HARD TO MAKE

6000
04:01:29,787 --> 04:01:32,556
SURE THAT THIS IS ADVERTISED FOR

6001
04:01:32,556 --> 04:01:33,957
PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE AND

6002
04:01:33,957 --> 04:01:34,224
COMMENT.

6003
04:01:34,224 --> 04:01:37,194
AGAIN, AS PART OF THE BROADER

6004
04:01:37,194 --> 04:01:39,430
U.S. GOVERNMENT EFFORT, THIS WAS

6005
04:01:39,430 --> 04:01:40,764
VERY FOCUSED ON NIH-SUPPORTED

6006
04:01:40,764 --> 04:01:43,600
RESEARCH, WE'RE WORKING IN

6007
04:01:43,600 --> 04:01:45,135
TANDEM WITH OSTP INTERNATIONAL

6008
04:01:45,135 --> 04:01:46,136
SECURITY COUNCIL AND U.S.

6009
04:01:46,136 --> 04:01:47,004
GOVERNMENT PARTNERS TO THINK

6010
04:01:47,004 --> 04:01:50,174
ABOUT HOW TO DO THIS IN A

6011
04:01:50,174 --> 04:01:51,141
LOCK-STEP APPROACH TO PROVIDE

6012
04:01:51,141 --> 04:01:52,242
CONSISTENCY FOR THE RESEARCH

6013
04:01:52,242 --> 04:01:54,144
COMMUNITY AS WELL AS APPROPRIATE

6014
04:01:54,144 --> 04:01:55,746
OVERSIGHT AND NEXT STEPS.

6015
04:01:55,746 --> 04:01:57,848
WE LOOK FORWARD TO CONTINUING

6016
04:01:57,848 --> 04:01:59,016
THIS CONVERSATION AND APPRECIATE

6017
04:01:59,016 --> 04:02:01,051
EVERYONE WHO TAKE THE TIME TO BE

6018
04:02:01,051 --> 04:02:02,319
ON A VIRTUAL MEETING.

6019
04:02:02,319 --> 04:02:03,954
WE WISH WE COULD HAVE BEEN IN

6020
04:02:03,954 --> 04:02:05,823
PERSON BUT WISH YOU ALL HEALTH

6021
04:02:05,823 --> 04:02:07,825
AND SAFETY AND LOOK FORWARD TO

6022
04:02:07,825 --> 04:02:09,226
SEEING YOU AGAIN SOON.

6023
04:02:09,226 --> 04:02:19,226
WITH THAT, WE ARE CLOSED.