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>>WELCOME TO

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THE MEASUREMENT AND METHODS

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SESSION.

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OUR SESSION TODAY WILL BEGIN

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WITH PRELIMINARY REMARKS FROM

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OUR SESSION CHAIR DR. ANITA RAJ

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FOLLOWED BY 3 PRESENTATIONS AND

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WHAT I AM SURE WILL BE A ROBUST

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PANEL DISCUSSION.

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PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK

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QUESTIONS USING THE Q&A BOX
AND

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IF YOU'RE ON VIEDMANIOY CAST

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USING THE FEEDBACK FORMS. 

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DR. ANITA RAJ IS CHANCELLOR

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PROFESSOR OF SOCIETY AND HEALTH

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AT THE UC SAN DIEGO, SHE IS A

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DOCTOR AT THE DEPARTMENT OF

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MEDICINE AND EDUCATION STUDIES

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AND SHE IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE

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CENTER ON GENDER EQUITY AND

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HEALTH.

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HER RESEARCH INCLUDING BOTH

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND INTERVENTION

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STUDIES FOCUSES ON SEXUAL AND

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, MATERNAL

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AND CHILD HEALTH, WOMEN'S

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ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND GENDER

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INEQUALITIES INCLUDING GENDER

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BASED VIOLENCE AND EARLY FORCED

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MAR CANCER CENTER.

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DR. RAJ'S BIOAS WELL AS ALL 5 OF

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OF OUR SPEAKERS TODAY WILL BE

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FOUND IN THE LINK IN THE CHAT.

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SO I WILL HAND IT OVER TO YOU

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DR. RAJ.

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>>THANK YOU.

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I WILL GO AHEAD AND START THE

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SESSION.

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SO I'M EXCITED TODAY TO GET TO

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PARTICIPATE IN THIS MEASURE AND

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METHODS ON GENDER ISSUES AND

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STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND IN

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PARTICULAR OUR TOPICS NEAR AND

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DEAR TO MY HEART AND I THINK

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IT'S VERY EXCITING TO SEE THE

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LEVEL OF INTEREST ACROSS THE

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FIELD AND AMONG YOU PARTICIPANTS

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TODAY.

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SO I WILL GIVE BACKGROUND ABOUT

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SOME OF THE WORK WE'VE DONE AT

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THE CENTER OF GENDER EQUITY AND

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HEALTH IN THE AREA OF

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MEASUREMENT AND METHOD TO

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PROVIDE SOME FRAMING FOR THE

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PRESENTATIONS YOU WILL WILL BE

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SEEING TODAY.

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WE'RE A RESEARCH CENTER AT THE

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN

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DIEGO AND I'M GOING TO TALK A

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LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHY MEASURES

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AND METHODS MATTER FOR THIS

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WORK, HOW DO WE CONCEPTUALLY

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CONSIDER EMPOWERMENT IN THE

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PROCESS OF MEASURING SEXISM,

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GENDER EQUITY, WHAT IS EMERGE

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WHICH IS A PLATFORM WE HAVE AND

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WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE AND AT

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WHICH POINT I WILL CARRY TO THE

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PRESENTERS FOR THE DAY.

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OKAY, SO WHY DO MEASURES AND

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METHODS MATTER.

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SO 1 OF THE KEY REASONS THAT WE

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FEEL THAT THIS IS A VERY

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IMPORTANT ISSUE IS THAT THERE

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IS--THERE IS CONCERNS ABOUT THE

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SCIENTIFIC CREDIBILITY OF THE

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WORK WE DO AND WITHOUT THAT

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CREDIBILITY, WITHOUT THAT

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RECOGNIZED CREDIBILITY AND VALUE

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FOR OUR WORK, WE CANNOT HAVE

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THAT WORK BE USED FOR POLICY AND

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PRACTICAL CHANGE.

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WE ALSO CANNOT ADVANCE THAT WORK

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SCIENTIFICALLY SO IT'S REALLY

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IMPORTANT THAT WE ORGANIZE AND

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WE'RE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY SHOW

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OUR SCIENCE.

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WE ALSO SEE AN OVERRELIANCE ON

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GENDER DESEGREGATED DATA GENDER

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AND EQUITY BUT NOT NECESSARILY

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TAPPING INTO ISSUES SUCH AS

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STRUCTURAL SEXISM OR INEQUITABLE

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GENDER NORMS.

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AND SO THIS REALLY SPEAKS TO THE

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FACT THAT WE NEED TO BE TAPPING

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INTO THESE EMPOWERMENT

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CONSTRUCTS.

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AND THEN ON TOP OF THAT, WE HAVE

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MANY, MANY GAPS IN THE FIELD

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WITH REGARD TO MEASURES THAT WE

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AND CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTS THAT WE

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WANT TO MATTER FROM THIS TEXT.

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SO IT'S IMPORTANT, TIMELY AND IT

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WILL BE EVOLVING AS SOCIETY'S

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CHANGE.

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NEXT SLIDE.

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SO I'M NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH

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THIS IN GREAT DETAIL, THERE'S A

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POSTER THAT WE HAVE ON THIS BUT

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WE DID CREATE AS PART OF OUR

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PROCESS, AN EMPHASIS ON WHAT ARE

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THE MEASURABLE CONSTRUCTS OF THE

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EMPOWERMENT PROCESS WITH A

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RECOGNITION THAT EMPOWERMENT IS

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BUILT ON THE MISSION OF SOCIAL

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HIERARCHYS AND THAT THE PROCESS

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OF EMPOWERMENT AND TO MOVE

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BEYOND THE HIERARCHICAL

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EXPECTATIONS OR RESTRICTIONS OR

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BACKLASH FACED BASED ON NORMS

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AND THAT THE PROCESS IS AFFECTED

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BY BOTH WHAT IS INTERNAL TO THE

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INDIVIDUAL OR MOBILIZING GROUP

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SEEKING EMPOWERMENT AS WELL AS

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EXTERNAL CONTEXT.

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DISP WE DID THIS PRIMARILY TO

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MAKE SURE WE ARE ABLE TO SUPPORT

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RESEARCHERS BROADLY IN THE FIELD

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AND WE BELIEVE THAT RESEARCHERS

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SHOULD BE EXPANDING AND THINKING

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THROUGH THESE YOU KNOW

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CONSTRUCTS IN BIGGER AND MORE

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CONTEXTUALIZED WAY TO INSURE WE

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ARE MEASURING WHAT WE WANT TO

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MEASURE TO CAPTURE WHAT

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EMPOWERMENT MEANS IN THE LIVES

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OF WOMEN AND GIRLS, MEN AND BOYS

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FROM DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS AND

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EXPERIENCES.

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SO WHAT IS EMERGE?

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I WILL JUST RAPIDLY SAY THAT

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EMERGE IS A PLATFORM THAT WAS

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DEVELOPED BY OUR TEAM TO BRING

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TOGETHER GENDER EMPOWERMENT

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MEASURES.

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I WANT TO PROFILE A FEW ASPECTS

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OF THAT SO EMERGE IS--WELL, YOU

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WILL GET A URL TO BE ABLE TO GET

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TO THIS, BUT--IME SORRY, A QR TO

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GET TO THIS BUT IT'S BASICALLY

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THAT WE HAVE A REPOSITORY OF NOW

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OVER 900 MEASURES.

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IT'S VISITED BY MORE THAN A

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THOUSAND RESEARCHERS AND

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IMPLEMENTERS CONDUCTING SURVEY

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RESEARCH ON GENDER QUALITY AND

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EMPOWERMENT ABOUT A THIRD OF OUR

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PEOPLE VISITING WILLING ARE FROM

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LMICs, WE HAVE ABOUT 400

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REGISTERED USERS AND WE HAVE

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READY TO USE MODULES IN A

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VARIETY OF GENDER EMPOWERMENT

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MEANS WHICH IS LIKE WOMEN'S

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ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, FAMILY

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PLANNING.

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THERE IS A NETWORKING ELEMENT OF

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THIS AND ULTIMATELY IT IS

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DESIGNED TO TAKE THE TYPES OF

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SCIENCE WE WILL SEE TODAY AND

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MAKE SURE IT IS FREELY AVAILABLE

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AND OPEN ACCESS FOR THE WORLD

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BECAUSE IT'S REALLY--THIS IS

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ROOTED IN THE NOTION OF

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DEMOCRATIZING KNOWLEDGE AND

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BUILDING A COMMUNITY OF

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RESEARCHERS THAT CAN SHARE THE

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WORK EFFECTIVELY.

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S WHAT DO WE DO?

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THE PLATFORM OBVIOUSLY IT'S

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DESIGNED TO STRENGTHEN THE

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GENDER EMPOWERMENT FOLK UTIONED

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MEASURES AND INCREASE THE USE OF

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VALIDATED MEASURES THROUGH THIS

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AVAILABILITY, BUT ALSO TO

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SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT AND

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IMPROVE DIVERSITY EQUITY AND

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INCLUSION OF SURVEY RESEARCHERS

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GLOBALLY, SO, 1 OF THE THINGS

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THAT I THINK WE'RE REALLY MOVING

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THE FIELD FORWARD WITH A LOT OF

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THE CONSTRUCTS AND

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UNDERSTANDING, BUT WE DEFINITELY

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WANT TO BE BUILDING OUT A

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BROADER ARRAY OF RESEARCHERS

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THAT REPRESENT THE DIVERSE

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COMMUNITIES IN WHICH WE WORK.

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SO AGAIN, IT WAS DESIGNED TO DO

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THIS AND WE HAVE THIS PLATFORM

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THAT ALLOWS US TO UNDERSTAND

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WHAT WE HAVE AVAILABLE AND WHERE

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THE GAPS ARE AND I JUST WANT TO

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HIGHLIGHT THIS IS ACTUALLY DATA

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DIRECTLY.

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WE HAVE A DASHBOARD THAT UPDATES

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DAILY AS NEW MEASURES GO IN AND

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YOU CAN SEE THE AREAS OF GENDER

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EMPOWERMENT MEASURES WHICH HAVE

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ADVANCED, AND CAN YOU SEE BASED

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ON THAT LIGHTEST LEVEL, WHAT IS

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ADVANCED MORE RECENTLY, SO I

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WANT TO HIGHLIGHT A COUPLE OF

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THINGS FOR YOU WHICH IS SRH IS

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REALLY MOVING MNCH IS REALLY

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NOT.

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ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, WE'RE NOT

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SEEING IT IN LEGAL AND POLITICAL

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ASEMPOWERMENT.

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SO TO THAT END WE REALLY WANT TO

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HIGHLIGHT THESE GAPS SO THAT WE

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CAN SUPPORT RESEARCHERS TO KNOW

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HOW THEY CAN FILL GAPS AND MOVE

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THE FIELD FORWARD.

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SO I'M NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH

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THIS BUT JUST TO SAY THAT THIS

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IS VERY QUANTITATIVE IN NATURE

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AND REALLY WAS FOCUSED ON SURVEY

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MEASURES BUT ANYTHING WE DO, I

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THINK YOU WILL SEE THIS IN THE

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PRESENTATION TODAY WOULD BENEFIT

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FROM AN INCLUSION OF CERTAINLY

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MORE COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES

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AVAILABLE AT SCALE BUT ALSO

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TRIANGULATION OF THE SURVEY DATA

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WITH ECOLOGICAL DATA AND REALLY

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USING THESE DATA TO OFFER MORE

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INSIGHT FOR POLICY AS WELL AS

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INTERVENTION.

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SO I THANK YOU.

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THAT'S KIND OF THE FRAMEWORK.

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THAT'S THE QR CODE IF YOU WANT

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TO JOIN US, WE WOULD EALLY

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ENCOURAGE TO YOU BECOME AN

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EMERGE MEMBER AND I WANT TO HAND

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IT NOW TO TALKING

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ABOUT--OOPS--EXCUSE ME 1-SECOND.

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TALKING ABOUT WHAT WE WILL HEAR

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TODAY SO NOW WE KNOW THERE'S A

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LOT OF GAPS, THAT THERE'S NOT

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THE HIGHER INCASSULATION, WE

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WILL HEAR ABOUT GENDER MEASURES

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MARGINALIZATION BASED ON GENDER

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AND THE FINDINGS OF THESE

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MEASURES IN TERMS OF ASSOCIATION

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HELT OUTCOMES--MULTIDIMENSIONAL

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MEASURE DESIGNED TO CAPTURE HOW

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INTERPERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL

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ASPECTS OF GENDER ARE

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INTERSECTING.

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SO I AM VERY PLEASED TO HAND IT

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OFF.

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YOU CAN SEE THE SPEAKERS HERE

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AND I WILL TURN IT OVER TO

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DR. MORGAN FELDMAN AND

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00:09:02,200 --> 00:09:03,440
DR. BETHANY EVERETT, OVER TO YOU

265
00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,600
BOTH TO HEAR ABOUT YOUR GREAT

266
00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:06,200
PRESENTATION TODAY.

267
00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:08,400
THANK YOU.

268
00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:11,400
>>WE'RE ACTUALLY STARTING
WITH

269
00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:11,680
DR. PILOTE.

270
00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:14,720
, OH, OKAY, SO WE WILL START

271
00:09:14,720 --> 00:09:16,040
WITH DR. PILOTE OF Mc GILL AND

272
00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:23,560
OVER TO YOU DR. PILOTE.%

273
00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:25,480
>>OKAY, SO I GUESS YOU
UPLOAD

274
00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:26,560
MY SLIDES?

275
00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:27,640
>>YOU SHOULD SEE AN ARROW
ON

276
00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:29,200
YOUR END WHERE YOU CAN ADVANCE

277
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:31,480
YOUR SLIDES, IF NOT I CAN DO IT

278
00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:39,080
FROM MY END. 

279
00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:39,800
>>YEAH, GO AHEAD.

280
00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:41,800
>>OH YES, I SEE IT THERE.

281
00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:43,840
ALL RIGHT, HERE WE ARE.

282
00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:46,000
GOOD AFTERNOON OR GOOD MORNING,

283
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,920
WHEREVER YOU ARE EVERYONE OR

284
00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:51,640
GOOD EVENING.

285
00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:54,440
I AM LOUISE, PILOTE AND I'M A

286
00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:56,440
CLINICIAN SCIENTIST AND CLINICAL

287
00:09:56,440 --> 00:09:58,520
EPIDEMIOLOGIST AND ALSO A

288
00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:00,280
PRACTICING GENERAL INTERNIST AT

289
00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:03,320
THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT

290
00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:04,040
Mc GILL UNIVERSITY HEALTH

291
00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:05,680
CENTER AND I'M PLEASED TO BE

292
00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:07,960
INVITED AND TO LISTEN TO ALL MY

293
00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:09,240
COLLEAGUES ABOUT ISSUES OF

294
00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:16,160
MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS AS IT

295
00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:16,800
RELATES TO GENDER.

296
00:10:16,800 --> 00:10:18,600
I HAVE NO CONFLICTS TO DISCLOSE.

297
00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:20,040
SO THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND I

298
00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:22,720
THINK MY PIECE IN THERE IS TO

299
00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:24,720
LEARN ABOUT INTEGRATING SEC AND

300
00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:27,600
GENDER RELATED FACTORS IN HEALTH

301
00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:28,480
RESEARCH.

302
00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:31,520
TO LEARN FROM EXAMPLES OF

303
00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:33,520
INTEGRATING GENDER IN

304
00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:34,880
PERSPECTIVE OR RETROSPECTIVE

305
00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:37,560
COHORT STUDIES AND THEN TO LEARN

306
00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:39,840
ABOUT EXAMPLES WHERE GENDER

307
00:10:39,840 --> 00:10:44,600
METHODS WHEN IT COMES TO HEALTH

308
00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:45,520
RELATED OUTCOMES.

309
00:10:45,520 --> 00:10:47,240
SO I'M PRESENTING ON BEHALF OF

310
00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:48,800
THE GOING FORWARD CONSORTIUM

311
00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:50,840
WHICH IS THE CONSORTIUM MADE UP

312
00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:52,960
OF ABOUT 30 INVESTIGATORS ACROSS

313
00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:56,400
5 COUNTRIES AND IT'S VERY

314
00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:58,280
DIVERSE AND VARIOUS GENDER

315
00:10:58,280 --> 00:10:59,880
EXPERTISE AND THEN WE'VE BEEN

316
00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:02,000
REALLY TRYING TO WORK HARD ON

317
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:03,400
INTEGRATING GENDER AND MEASURING

318
00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:06,520
IT AND THEN TRYING TO FIND ITS

319
00:11:06,520 --> 00:11:10,720
IMPACT ON HEALTH OUTCOMES.

320
00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:12,560
SO OUR OVERARCHING AIM IS TO

321
00:11:12,560 --> 00:11:14,480
INTEGRATE SEX AND GENDER

322
00:11:14,480 --> 00:11:15,640
DIMENSIONS IN APPLIED HEALTH

323
00:11:15,640 --> 00:11:18,080
RESEARCH AND TO EVALUATE THE

324
00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:19,760
IMPACT ON CLINICAL SUBSTANTIVE

325
00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:20,920
OUTCOME AND PATIENT REPORTED

326
00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:25,080
OUTCOME AND THIS IS RELATED TO

327
00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:25,840
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES.

328
00:11:25,840 --> 00:11:28,440
SO WHEN WE FIRST STARTED THIS

329
00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:30,720
WORK, WE HAD 30 COHORTS MADE UP

330
00:11:30,720 --> 00:11:33,080
OF 30 MILLION PATIENTS AND THEN

331
00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:35,040
WE WERE FOCUSING ON 4 MAIN

332
00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:39,920
CLINICAL AREAS, BUT WE

333
00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:43,560
WERE--REALLY FOCUSED AND WANTED

334
00:11:43,560 --> 00:11:45,080
TO REALLY UNDERSTAND HOW WE WERE

335
00:11:45,080 --> 00:11:46,280
GOING TO MEASURE GENDER.

336
00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:47,400
SO I'M GOING TO SHARE THIS

337
00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:51,320
EXPERIENCE WITH YOU AND THIS WAS

338
00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:53,040
ACTUALLY COMMENTED IN A

339
00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:55,640
PUBLICATION FOR METHODS FOR

340
00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:56,440
PERSPECTIVELY INCORPORATING

341
00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:57,680
GENDER AND HEALTH SCIENCE

342
00:11:57,680 --> 00:11:57,960
RESEARCH.

343
00:11:57,960 --> 00:11:59,360
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU A LITTLE

344
00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:00,760
BIT, THE METHODS IN THERE THAT

345
00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:03,800
ARE SCRIBED AND THEN I WILL SHOW

346
00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:05,360
YOU THE APPLICATION WHICH

347
00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:07,240
ACTUALLY WAS A STUDY IN WHICH

348
00:12:07,240 --> 00:12:12,200
THE METHODS WAS ACTUALLY

349
00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:12,480
INSPIRED.

350
00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:15,560
O WHEN WE THINK ABOUT GENDER

351
00:12:15,560 --> 00:12:17,080
AND GENDER MEASUREMENT, THE

352
00:12:17,080 --> 00:12:18,640
GENDER FACTORS THAT ARE AT THE

353
00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,640
INDIVIDUAL LEVELS THAT RELATE TO

354
00:12:21,640 --> 00:12:24,000
GENDER IDENTITY, GENDER ROLES,

355
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,120
AND THEN THERE'S ALSO THE

356
00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:27,840
INTERPERSONAL LEVEL, GENDER

357
00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:30,840
RELATIONS AND THEN WE GO INTO

358
00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:32,440
THE DEFINITION OF THOSE IN THE

359
00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:34,000
COMMUNICATOR BUT THEN THERE'S

360
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,120
ALSO THE POPULATION OF SOCIETAL

361
00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:38,680
LEVELS MEANING INSTITUTIONALIZED

362
00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:40,480
GENDER, SO AN INDIVIDUAL, YOU

363
00:12:40,480 --> 00:12:43,320
KNOW HAS ALL THESE LEVELS OF

364
00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:45,880
GENDER IN THEM AND THE QUESTION

365
00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:48,280
IS WHETHER DEPENDING, YOU KNOW

366
00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:51,440
HOW THIS PERSON IS DESCRIBED OR

367
00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:56,480
LIVES OR IS, WITH ALL THESE

368
00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:58,040
VARIOUS FACETS, HOW THEY LIVE

369
00:12:58,040 --> 00:13:02,520
WITH HEALTH AND DISEASE WHEN IT

370
00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:02,720
COMES.

371
00:13:02,720 --> 00:13:04,640
SO THE FIRST STEP IS REALLY TO

372
00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:06,680
WONDER WHETHER GENDER IS

373
00:13:06,680 --> 00:13:07,200
RELEVANT.

374
00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:09,320
SO IT'S RELEVANT IF IT INVOLVES

375
00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:11,040
UNITS AND IN FACT, MORE AND MORE

376
00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:12,320
NOW WE'RE QUESTIONING WHETHER

377
00:13:12,320 --> 00:13:15,680
IT'S RELEVANT WHEN IT INVOLVES

378
00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:17,720
ANIMALS AND WEALTH, BUT THIS IS

379
00:13:17,720 --> 00:13:19,280
INVOLVED IN THE FIELD.

380
00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:20,920
THEN THE NEXT STEP IS WE NEED TO

381
00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:23,720
WONDER IF WE HAVE A QUESTION,

382
00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:25,320
FOR EXAMPLE, WE'RE INTERESTED IN

383
00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:28,080
SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER.

384
00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:30,680
WE NEED TO WONDER IS IT BIOLOGY

385
00:13:30,680 --> 00:13:34,800
OR GENDER AND WHICH GENDER THE

386
00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:37,240
SCALES MAIN TO THE RELATIONSHIP,

387
00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:40,160
SO IT RELATES TO A QUESTION OF

388
00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:40,840
IDENTITY, ROLES, BEHAVIORS, FOR

389
00:13:40,840 --> 00:13:42,760
EXAMPLE, YOU KNOW THE SMOKING,

390
00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:45,160
THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF IT, THE

391
00:13:45,160 --> 00:13:46,760
INFLUENCE IT MIGHT HAVE

392
00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:48,280
DEPENDING ON OUR VOWELS IN

393
00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:49,160
SOCIETY, DOES THAT INTERFERE

394
00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:53,320
WITH THE RISK OF DEVELOPING LUNG

395
00:13:53,320 --> 00:13:56,160
CANCER TO POTENTIATE SMOKING.

396
00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:57,960
GENDER RELATIONS ARE THE SAME

397
00:13:57,960 --> 00:13:59,360
WAY, THEY REALLY INVOLVE THE

398
00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:00,360
RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH WE'RE

399
00:14:00,360 --> 00:14:02,000
INTERESTED TO INVESTIGATOR AND

400
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:03,760
THEN YOU KNOW THE UNEQUAL

401
00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,400
DISTRIBUTION OF POWER, RESOURCES

402
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:06,200
OPPORTUNITIES IN SOCIETY BASED

403
00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:08,880
ON GENDER OF A PERSON.

404
00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:09,800
DOES IT REALLY INFLUENCE THE

405
00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,320
ASSOCIATION WE WANT TO STUDY

406
00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:14,640
BETWEEN SMOKING AND CANCER AS AN

407
00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:14,840
EXAMPLE.

408
00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:16,400
SO WHEN WE HAD THE RESEARCH

409
00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:18,480
QUESTION, WE HAVE TO QUESTION

410
00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:22,280
WHETHER THESE FACTORS, YOU KNOW

411
00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:22,840
COME INTO PLAY.

412
00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:25,600
AND THEN, YOU KNOW WE WANT TO BE

413
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:27,840
MORE SPECIFIC AND THEN IDENTIFY

414
00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:30,320
WHICH VARIABLES MAY ENTER THE

415
00:14:30,320 --> 00:14:33,280
RELATIONSHIP OF INTEREST AND CAN

416
00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:36,400
BE COLLECTED SO, YOU KNOW AGAIN

417
00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:37,640
CONSIDER SPECIFIC GENDER RELATED

418
00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:39,200
VARIABLES THAT ARE RELEVANT TO

419
00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:43,840
THE POPULATION, CONSIDER WHETHER

420
00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:46,720
ANY GENETIC RELATED VARIABLE MAY

421
00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:47,560
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AFFECT

422
00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:50,960
THE ASSOCIATION AND THEN REALLY

423
00:14:50,960 --> 00:14:52,040
BUILD THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

424
00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:53,840
WHERE WE THINK HOW THESE

425
00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:57,200
RELATIONSHIP WILL OCCUR AND THE

426
00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,080
[INDISCERNIBLE] WE CALL IT

427
00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:00,960
COMPONENT FACTORS AND MODIFYING

428
00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:02,040
FACTORS AND MODERATING FACTORS.

429
00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:05,480
AND THEN WE GO AND COLLECT.

430
00:15:05,480 --> 00:15:07,000
AND THEN YOU WILL SEE THAT IN

431
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,840
OUR EXPERIENCE, THAT CAN COME UP

432
00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:10,600
WITH A VERY LARGE FACTOR AND

433
00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:13,120
THEN WE MAY WANT TO TRY TO

434
00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:15,760
REDUCE THAT AND DEPENDING

435
00:15:15,760 --> 00:15:16,840
WHETHER WE'RE REALLY INTERESTED

436
00:15:16,840 --> 00:15:18,520
IN SEPARATING THE EFFECT OF

437
00:15:18,520 --> 00:15:20,720
BIOLOGY VERSUS, YOU KNOW THE

438
00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:23,680
KIND OF BIOLOGICAL SEX VERSUS

439
00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:30,120
THE SOCIAL SEX IF YOU LIKE,

440
00:15:30,120 --> 00:15:32,080
GENDER FACTORS IF YOU WANT TO

441
00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:34,120
REMOVE THEM OR NOT AND FINALLY,

442
00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:35,600
YOU COORDINATE THEM INTO

443
00:15:35,600 --> 00:15:37,440
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND AS I

444
00:15:37,440 --> 00:15:39,840
SAID BEFORE IT CAN AFFECT THE

445
00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:40,920
OUTCOME, SORE THE MAIN EFFECT

446
00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:42,200
AND THEN WE HAVE TO INVESTIGATOR

447
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,120
MOW THE GENDER OF FACTORS MAY

448
00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:48,320
ACTUALLY MODIFY THE IMPACT OF

449
00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:49,440
[INDISCERNIBLE].

450
00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:51,440
SO FOR EXAMPLE, IF WE'RE LOOKING

451
00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:53,840
AT SEX DIFFERENCES, DOES, YOU

452
00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:57,680
KNOW BEING A PARENT AS A GENDER

453
00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:00,000
RELATED FACTOR AS A GROW FACTOR,

454
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,200
DOES IT REALLY POTENTIATE THE

455
00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:04,400
EFFECT OF SMOKING IN LUNG CANCER

456
00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:09,160
AND THEN THAT SPEAKS TO EXPLORE

457
00:16:09,160 --> 00:16:09,680
INTERACTION TERMS.

458
00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:11,080
SO THIS WAS KIND OF A BRIEF

459
00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:14,600
OVERVIEW OF THE METHODS THAT THE

460
00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:15,560
GOING FORWARD KIND OF DESCRIBE

461
00:16:15,560 --> 00:16:16,960
IN THIS PAPER AND IT WAS BASED

462
00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:18,760
ON THAT STUDY WHERE AS A GROUP A

463
00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:21,320
FEW YEARS AGO, WE WANTED, WE

464
00:16:21,320 --> 00:16:22,960
DEVELOPED A COMPOSITE MEASURE OF

465
00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:25,000
GENDER AND IT'S ASSOCIATED

466
00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,840
ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS IN

467
00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:29,520
MAISHTS WITH MATURITY, BUT I

468
00:16:29,520 --> 00:16:30,840
WANT TO TAKE YOU TO THIS BECAUSE

469
00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:33,160
THIS IS KIND OF THE STRUGGLES

470
00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,320
THAT WE HAD WHEN WE WANTED TO

471
00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:38,320
LOOK AT WHETHER, YOU KNOW SEX

472
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:39,840
DIFFERENCES EXIST IN PATIENTS

473
00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:40,920
WITH THE HEART ATTACK AND THEN

474
00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:45,840
IN TERMS OF THE OUTCOME, WHY IS

475
00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:47,560
IT THAT THE OUTCOME MIGHT BE

476
00:16:47,560 --> 00:16:48,360
DIFFERENT.

477
00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:50,000
AND THAT CAME, ACTUALLY I'M A

478
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,760
CLINICIAN AND I SAW A 34

479
00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:53,200
YEAR-OLD WOMEN IN THE CLINIC WHO

480
00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:54,680
SUFFERED FROM A HEART ATTACK AND

481
00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:56,720
THEN AFTER THAT HER QUALITY OF

482
00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:58,600
LIFE AND HER PSYCHOLOGICAL

483
00:16:58,600 --> 00:16:59,480
RESPONSE WERE REALLY DRAMATIC.

484
00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:01,120
SHE HAD NOT COME OUT OF HER

485
00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:02,560
HOUSE FOR 2 YEARS BECAUSE SHE

486
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:03,960
WAS AFRAID THAT YOU KNOW SHE

487
00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:06,400
WOULD DIE AWAY FROM HER

488
00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:06,880
CHILDREN.

489
00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:08,040
SO I WAS REALLY SURPRISED THAT%

490
00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:10,920
YOU KNOW SHE WOULD HAVE A HEART

491
00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:12,880
ATTACK AT THE YOUNG AGE BUT THEN

492
00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:15,840
I WAS ALSO IMPACTED BY HER

493
00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:17,240
PSYCHOLOGY RESPONSE.

494
00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,400
SO WHAT WERE THE FACTORS THAT

495
00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:19,960
WERE BUILDING THAT?

496
00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:21,560
SO WE BUILD THIS CONCEPTUAL

497
00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:24,760
FRAMEWORK THAT IS MADE UP OF

498
00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:26,600
RISK FACTORS, SOCIOLOGICAL

499
00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:27,560
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, SOME

500
00:17:27,560 --> 00:17:28,600
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT MAY

501
00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:32,120
AFFECT THE PRESENTATION IN YOUNG

502
00:17:32,120 --> 00:17:34,640
PEOPLE, BUT ALSO HAD THE

503
00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:36,680
BIOMEDICAL FACTORS, PSYCHOSOCIAL

504
00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:37,600
FACTORS AND INSTITUTIONAL

505
00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:41,680
RESPONSE MAY ALSO AFFECT THE

506
00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:41,960
OUTCOME.

507
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:44,800
SO, THEN, YOU KNOW WE WANTED TO

508
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:46,320
SEE HOW WE COULD MEASURE THAT IN

509
00:17:46,320 --> 00:17:48,760
A COHORT OF PATIENTS THAT

510
00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:51,680
SUFFERED A HEART ATTACK IN

511
00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:53,840
CANADA, 1500 AND SO PATIENTS AND

512
00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:55,800
THEN WE'RE WONDERING HOW WE WILL

513
00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:57,120
MEASURE GENDER, WHAT IS GENDER.

514
00:17:57,120 --> 00:18:00,320
SO I SPOKE TO YOU BEFORE ABOUT

515
00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:02,800
THE CONSTRUCT OF GENDER THAT WE

516
00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:04,920
ACTUALLY MODELED OURSELVES AS,

517
00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:07,040
SO THE ROLES, IDENTITY,

518
00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:08,560
RELATIONS, IN GENDER AND THEN WE

519
00:18:08,560 --> 00:18:09,720
WENT FOR THESE FACTORS AND WE

520
00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:12,880
WENT WITH THE LITERATURE AND

521
00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:14,240
SAID, OKAY, LET'S IDENTIFY SOME

522
00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:15,080
OF THESE FACTORS, YOU KNOW SOME

523
00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:16,840
OF THESE MEASURES AND I GIVE YOU

524
00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:18,040
SOME EXAMPLES, LATER ON, THAT

525
00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:20,200
HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE DIFFERENT

526
00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:23,120
BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALES.

527
00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:24,800
IN TERMS OF THEIR PREVALENCE BUT

528
00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:26,360
HAVE BEEN SHOWN AT LEAST IN THE

529
00:18:26,360 --> 00:18:29,920
LITERATURE TO HAVE HAD SOME--A

530
00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:31,920
DIFFERENT IMPACT IN TERMS OF THE

531
00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:32,200
MAGNITUDE.

532
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,200
SO THERE WAS KIENTD OF AN

533
00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:35,400
INTERACTION BETWEEN THOSE

534
00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:36,640
FACTORS.

535
00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:38,200
AND YOU KNOW BEING A MALE OR

536
00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:39,760
FEMALE IN TERMS OF THE

537
00:18:39,760 --> 00:18:41,280
ASSOCIATION OF THE OUTCOMES.

538
00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:43,880
SO THAT'S HOW WE SORT OF

539
00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:45,280
SELECTED THOSE FACTORS SO FOR

540
00:18:45,280 --> 00:18:46,680
GENDER ROLES, YOU KNOW THIS IS A

541
00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:49,280
LIST OF FACTORS THAT WE ACTUALLY

542
00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:53,840
MEASURED AND WE USE THE ALREADY

543
00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:55,320
VALIDATED SCALES AND THEN FOR

544
00:18:55,320 --> 00:18:59,120
GENDER IDENTITY WE USE THE BEM

545
00:18:59,120 --> 00:18:59,840
SCALE WHICH IS VERY

546
00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:01,400
CONTROVERSIAL BUT WHEN YOU LOOK

547
00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:03,160
AT THAT, IT IS MEASURING A LOT

548
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:07,080
OF PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES THAT ARE

549
00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:10,200
ADDITIONALLY DESCRIBED TO MALES

550
00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:12,640
OR FEMALES BUT THAT IS A WAY OF

551
00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:14,720
MEASURES ATTRIBUTES IN TERMS OF

552
00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:15,920
LIKE COMPETITIVENESS AND YOU

553
00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,440
KNOW ATTRIBUTES LIKE THAT THAT

554
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:19,760
ARE SOMEWHAT GENDERED AND THEN,

555
00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:22,080
YOU KNOW OTHER FACTORS THAT ARE

556
00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:23,640
ALSO RELATED TO IDENTITIES, AND

557
00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:25,440
THEN WE MEASURED GENDER

558
00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:27,840
RELATIONS ON THIS, I'M LISTING

559
00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:32,800
THEM HERE AND THEN SOME

560
00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:33,360
INSTITUTIONAL GENDER LIKE

561
00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:34,520
PERSONAL INCOME AND LEVEL OF

562
00:19:34,520 --> 00:19:36,760
EDUCATION, THEY ARE THOUGHT

563
00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:38,000
ABOUT BEING SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

564
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:41,880
BUT THEY REALLY ARE GENDERED,

565
00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:47,000
YOU KNOW CONSTRUCTS IN OUR

566
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:48,680
SOCIETY AS ANITA JUST DESCRIBED

567
00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:49,080
TO US PREVIOUSLY.

568
00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:51,480
SO WE HAVE ALL THESE FACTORS AND

569
00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:53,840
THERE WERE MANY, MANY AND THE

570
00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:55,000
OUTCOMES, FOR EXAMPLE MORTALITY

571
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:56,680
IN THIS YOUNG POPULATION IS NOT

572
00:19:56,680 --> 00:19:59,520
THAT HIGH, SO WE RAN A PRINCIPLE

573
00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:01,080
COMPONENT ANALYSIS TO REALLY

574
00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:03,680
IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT

575
00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:05,520
EXPLAIN THE VARIATION MODES AND

576
00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:08,080
THEN WITH THESE REMAINING

577
00:20:08,080 --> 00:20:09,360
FACTOR, WE REDUCE EVEN MORE IN

578
00:20:09,360 --> 00:20:11,320
HERE, AND WE RAN A LOGISTIC

579
00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:14,560
REGRESSION WHERE WE PUT SEX AS A

580
00:20:14,560 --> 00:20:15,640
DEPENDENT VARIABLE, AND THESE

581
00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:18,440
ARE THE FACTORS OF ALL THE 34

582
00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:20,640
GENDER RELATED FACTORS WE HAD

583
00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:23,360
INITIALLY THAT REMAIN TO BE

584
00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:24,880
ASSOCIATED WITH BEING A MALE OR

585
00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:28,880
FEMALE AND AGAIN, YOU KNOW--IN

586
00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:29,960
THAT, YOU KNOW REPORT THAGOREAN

587
00:20:29,960 --> 00:20:32,920
YOU'RE MALE OR FEMALE, IN THAT,

588
00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:34,280
YOU KNOW THERE'S IDENT I

589
00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:36,520
RELATIONS AND ALL THAT, SO THIS

590
00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:38,360
WAS THE CLOSEST MEASURE THAT WE

591
00:20:38,360 --> 00:20:40,920
HAD OF GENDER, YOU KNOW RECEIVED

592
00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,280
THE VARIOUS RISK FACTORS ARE

593
00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:44,600
ASSOCIATE WIDE GENDER.

594
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:46,280
BUT THAT GIVES US A COLLECTION

595
00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:48,160
ESTIMATE AND THEN WE WERE--WE

596
00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:50,440
WERE CURIOUS TO SEE IF WE PUT

597
00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:53,640
EVERYTHING TOGETHER, CAN

598
00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:54,320
WE--[INDISCERNIBLE] SCORE.

599
00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:56,680
SO IN FACT, YOU KNOW WE DESIGN A

600
00:20:56,680 --> 00:21:01,880
SCORE AND THEN IT WENT FROM A 0

601
00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:09,240
TO HUNDRED WHERE 0 IS THE NUMBER

602
00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:11,040
THAT TYPICALLY ASCRIBED TO BEING

603
00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:13,160
MALE, ALTHOUGH IT'S NOT SEX

604
00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:14,120
SPECIFIC NECESSARILY AS WE CAN

605
00:21:14,120 --> 00:21:16,880
SEE HERE AND THEN A HUNDRED, YOU

606
00:21:16,880 --> 00:21:18,160
KNOW WAS THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION

607
00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:21,520
AND SO IN THAT POPULATION AS YOU

608
00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,040
CAN SEE, THE KIND OF GENDER

609
00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:27,520
ROLE, YOU KNOW, RELATIONS AND

610
00:21:27,520 --> 00:21:29,240
THE GENDER, THE SPECIFIC

611
00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:30,880
COMPONENTS OF THE FACTORS WE HAD

612
00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:31,880
MEASURED, FOR THE WOMEN, YOU

613
00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:36,760
KNOW IT WAS QUITE A--YOU KNOW

614
00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:37,800
WIDE SPREAD DISTRIBUTION WHERE

615
00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:39,520
FROM MALES IT'S A BIT MORE

616
00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,080
SKEWED TO THE LEFT AND THEN

617
00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:45,280
WE'VE SINCE DONE THIS WITH OTHER

618
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:47,760
POPULATION AND IT'S NOT

619
00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:49,800
SURPRISING THAT DEPENDING ON THE

620
00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:53,960
AGE OF THE POPULATION THAT YOU

621
00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:55,800
ARE STUDYING, YOU KNOW IT IS

622
00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:56,480
SOMETHING THAT FLUCTUATES BUT

623
00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:58,640
THE IDEA FOR US TO HAVE A STORY

624
00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:01,200
THAT WE REALLY WANTED TO

625
00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:02,120
DISASSOCIATEIATE AS MUCH AS

626
00:22:02,120 --> 00:22:04,200
POSSIBLE BIOLOGY IF YOU LIKE

627
00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:08,080
FROM SOCIOLOGY, SO THEN WE COULD

628
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:10,680
ACTUALLY LOOK AT WHAT IS

629
00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:12,720
PREDICTING OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE

630
00:22:12,720 --> 00:22:13,680
CORONARY SYNDROME BUT FIRST AND

631
00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:18,120
FOREMOST ALSO WHAT IS PREDICTING

632
00:22:18,120 --> 00:22:19,120
ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS.

633
00:22:19,120 --> 00:22:20,520
SO THESE ARE RISK FACTORS FOR

634
00:22:20,520 --> 00:22:22,840
HEART DISEASE AND LET'S JUST SAY

635
00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:24,160
HYPERTENSION AS AN EXAMPLE F. WE

636
00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:28,160
HAVE A MODEL WE JUST HAVE THE

637
00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:34,920
CORE, ASSOCIATED WITH THE HIGHER

638
00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:36,480
RISK OF HYPERTENSION, IF YOU

639
00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:38,080
HAVE FEMALE, IT IS IN THE YOUNG

640
00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:39,880
POPULATION, BUT IF WE DO A

641
00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:41,840
MULTIVARIANT MODEL WHERE WE HAVE

642
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:43,120
THE GENDER SCORE HERE ADJUSTING%

643
00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:44,960
FOR SEX, YOU KNOW THE GENDER

644
00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:45,800
SCORE REMAINS ASSOCIATED WITH

645
00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:47,440
THE HIGHER RISK OF HYPERTENSION

646
00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:53,560
WHEREAS, YOU KNOW THE SEX

647
00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:54,160
[INDISCERNIBLE] SO SUGGESTING

648
00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:57,000
WHEN YOU LOOK AT MALES AND

649
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000
FEMALES SEPARATELY THE RISK OF

650
00:22:59,000 --> 00:22:59,840
HYPERTENSION IS CERTAINLY VERY

651
00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:02,200
MUCH RELATED TO THE GENDERED

652
00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:04,440
FACT ORPS THAT THE PERSON WAS

653
00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:06,840
EXPOSED TO OR GENDER IDENTITY IN

654
00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:12,000
THE ROLES AND SO ON. 

655
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:13,480
PROBABLY MORE SO THAN BIOLOGY.

656
00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:14,640
SO THEN IN TERMS OF OUTCOME WE

657
00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:19,520
WANT TO LOOK AT THE RISK OF

658
00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:20,720
HAVING A RECURRENT ADMISSION,

659
00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:22,360
AND IF YOU ONLY LOOK AT MEN AND

660
00:23:22,360 --> 00:23:23,760
WOMEN, THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES

661
00:23:23,760 --> 00:23:29,000
BUT IF YOU ADD THE THIRD TIE OF

662
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:30,520
THE GENDER, THEN YOU HAD THE

663
00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:34,480
THIRD SCORE OF HAVING ATTRIBUTES

664
00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:35,400
AND ROLE AND RELATIONSHIP AND

665
00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:37,120
THIS IS MORE TO WOMEN IN

666
00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:38,360
SOCIETY, THE RISK WAS INCREASED

667
00:23:38,360 --> 00:23:41,880
AND THEN IF YOU LOOK AT THE

668
00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:42,840
MULTIVARIANT EQUATION, YOU KNOW

669
00:23:42,840 --> 00:23:44,040
AGAIN, INDEPENDENT OF SEX, THE

670
00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:46,680
RISK OF HAVING A SECOND EVENT,

671
00:23:46,680 --> 00:23:48,640
ANOTHER HEART ATTACK AFTER FIRST

672
00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:55,040
1 WAS MUCH HIGHER IF YOU HAD A

673
00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:55,680
FEMININE GENDER SCORE.

674
00:23:55,680 --> 00:23:57,400
INDEPENDENT OF OTHER RISK

675
00:23:57,400 --> 00:23:59,360
FACTORS, ACTUAL LYE.

676
00:23:59,360 --> 00:24:01,560
SO PEOPLE HAVE QUESTION JUDGE A

677
00:24:01,560 --> 00:24:04,600
SCORE OR WHY NOT INDEPENDENT

678
00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:04,880
FACTORS?

679
00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:06,720
SO DEPENDING ON YOUR QUESTION,

680
00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,160
AND DEPENDING ALSO ON THE

681
00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:10,320
FREQUENCY OF EVENTS, YOU KNOW

682
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:12,760
YOU CANNOT ALWAYS LOOK AT, YOU

683
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:15,440
KNOW A PANOPLY OF GENDER RELATED

684
00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:15,720
FACTORS.

685
00:24:15,720 --> 00:24:17,880
SO HERE WE LOOK AT THE

686
00:24:17,880 --> 00:24:19,280
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THOSE

687
00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:25,200
FACTDORS AND RECEIVING A

688
00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:26,840
PRECEDURE AFTER AN INFARCT, AND

689
00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:29,320
THEN WE LOOK AT GENDER RELATED%

690
00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:30,760
FACTORS BECAUSE THESE GENDERS

691
00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:33,560
ARE RECEIVING MUCH MORE COMMON

692
00:24:33,560 --> 00:24:35,560
IN THE POPULATION AND WE FOUND

693
00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:40,960
THAT SOME FACTORS FOR EXAMPLE,

694
00:24:40,960 --> 00:24:42,000
RESPONSIBILITY FOR HOUSE WORK,

695
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,320
BE IT MAN OR WOMAN, YOU WERE

696
00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:47,080
MUCH LESS LIKELY TO HAVE A

697
00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:48,520
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND THEN

698
00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:51,920
TO HAVE ANOTHER PCI AFTER THE

699
00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:52,120
EVENT.

700
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:54,960
AND THEN IN TERMS OF THE

701
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:55,680
PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTE, IT'S

702
00:24:55,680 --> 00:25:01,720
INTERESTING ALSO, MAYBE YOU'RE

703
00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:02,960
AGGRESSIVENESS OR LACK THEREOF

704
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:04,360
WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HAVING MORE

705
00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:07,480
OR LESS LIKELY TO RECEIVE A

706
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:10,440
NONPRIMARY DCI AFTER THE

707
00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:11,520
INFARCT.

708
00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:14,680
SO THIS WAS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW WE

709
00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:16,000
ACTUALLY DESIGNED THE STUDY AND

710
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,040
HOW WE WENT ABOUT, YOU KNOW

711
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,720
MEASURING GENDER AND THEN HOW WE

712
00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:25,600
WENT ABOUT, YOU KNOW TESTING THE

713
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:27,440
ASSOCIATION WITH THE OUTCOME,

714
00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:29,920
YOU KNOW WHILE, YOU KNOW

715
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,800
DISASSOCIATING THE SEX OF THE

716
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:33,280
PERSON.

717
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:35,400
SO NEXT, YOU KNOW WE WANTED TO

718
00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:39,840
ACTUALLY SEE, YOU KNOW HOW WE

719
00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:41,680
COULD ACTUALLY, YOU KNOW LOOK AT

720
00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:44,880
THE EECT OF GENDER FACTOR IN

721
00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:46,400
RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDIES, WE

722
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:49,680
HAVE TONS OF DATA, TONS OF

723
00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:51,960
POPULATION BASED COHORTS, TONS

724
00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:53,200
OF BIOLINKS.

725
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:55,400
THERE'S TONS OF COHORT THAT ARE

726
00:25:55,400 --> 00:25:56,040
MADE AVAILABLE.

727
00:25:56,040 --> 00:25:58,680
AND PEOPLE SAY YEAH BUT THEY

728
00:25:58,680 --> 00:25:59,440
DIDN'T MEASURE GENDER.

729
00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:00,920
AND THEN GOING FORWARD

730
00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:02,360
CONSORTIUM WE WILL PUT ALL THOSE

731
00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:03,760
COHORTS TOGETHER AND LOOK AT THE

732
00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:05,080
EFFECT OF GENDER SO WE WANTED TO

733
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,520
HAVE A FRAMEWORK FOR DOING SO.

734
00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:11,160
AND YOU KNOW GENDER,

735
00:26:11,160 --> 00:26:12,680
UNFORTUNATELY, IS NOT ALWAYS

736
00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:14,200
MEASURED BUT YOU KNOW SOMETIMES

737
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:16,360
IT'S NOT CALLED GENDER BUT

738
00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:17,200
THEY'RE GENDER RELATED FACTORS

739
00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:19,400
THAT ARE ACTUALLY MEASURED.

740
00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:23,600
SO THE FIRST THING THAT WE DID

741
00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:26,160
WAS WE--WE KIND OF CREATED THE

742
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:29,120
WISH LIST OF, YOU KNOW A BROAD

743
00:26:29,120 --> 00:26:31,080
LIST OF GENDER RELATED FACTORS

744
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:33,400
THAT PEOPLE COULD LOOK FOR WHEN

745
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:35,640
THEY HAVE, YOU KNOW A COHORT

746
00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:36,720
THAT THEY HAVE ACCESS TOO AND

747
00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:40,720
THESE WERE AGAIN, YOU KNOW IN

748
00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:41,920
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE 4

749
00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:43,000
CONSTRUCT OF GENDER MEASUREMENT

750
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:43,760
THAT I DESCRIBED BEFORE.

751
00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:46,200
AND THEN OF COURSE, YOU KNOW,

752
00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:49,160
THE SECOND STEP IS THE

753
00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:51,240
DEFINITION OF OUTCOMES OF

754
00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:51,960
INTEREST, AND AGAIN FYOU ARE

755
00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:55,880
GOING TO DO A STUDY, THIS IS THE

756
00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:57,920
HYPOTHESIS DRIVEN APPROACH THAT

757
00:26:57,920 --> 00:26:58,840
CERTAIN GENERATED FACTORS WOULD

758
00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:00,360
BE ASSOCIATE WIDE OUTCOME AND

759
00:27:00,360 --> 00:27:02,840
THEN YOU WOULD CHOOSE THOSE IN

760
00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:03,680
FUNCTIONAL CANNED WHAT.

761
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:10,520
AND THEN YOU BUILD A FINAL LIST

762
00:27:10,520 --> 00:27:17,680
OF VARIABLE AND THEN OF COURSE

763
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:20,400
GENDER FOR VARIOUS JURISDICTION.

764
00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:30,920
THEN YOU KNOW WE TO HARMONIZE

765
00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:33,800
THE VARIABILITY THE RULE GOING

766
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:36,920
FORWARD WAS TO SAY, THERE

767
00:27:36,920 --> 00:27:38,680
ARE--YOU KNOW THERE'S SEVERAL

768
00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:42,080
DIFFERENCES, HOW DO WE EXPLAIN

769
00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:43,480
SEX DIFFERENCES WITH THE GENDER

770
00:27:43,480 --> 00:27:45,400
FACTORS BUT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE

771
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:47,000
FACTORS DOES IT DEFER TO WHERE

772
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:49,240
YOU LIVE, SO THAT REQUIRED

773
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:52,320
MERGING VARIOUS COHORTS FROM

774
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:55,680
VARIOUS COUNTRIES.

775
00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:57,120
SO THAT WENT--THEN THIS IS SOME

776
00:27:57,120 --> 00:27:58,520
OF THE COHORTS WE HAVE

777
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:01,480
AVAILABLE, AND THEN IN THE

778
00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:02,760
MIDDLE HERE--IN LISTED HERE ARE

779
00:28:02,760 --> 00:28:06,880
ALL KIND OF GENDER RELATED

780
00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:07,960
FACTORS AND THEN, AND THEN THIS

781
00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:09,920
IS KIND OF THE WISH LIST AND

782
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:11,520
THEN WE WENT WENT INTO THE

783
00:28:11,520 --> 00:28:13,480
VARIOUS DATABASES TO SEE WHAT

784
00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:14,480
WAS MEASURED AND THEN

785
00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:14,880
[INDISCERNIBLE].

786
00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:15,880
SO JUST TO FINISH, I WANT TOIVE

787
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,320
GO YOU AN EXAMPLE OF THE LOOKING

788
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:21,560
AT AN EXISTING DATABASE, THIS IS

789
00:28:21,560 --> 00:28:22,880
THE UK BIOBANK AND WE LOOK AT

790
00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,080
THE IMPORTANCE OF SEX AND GENDER

791
00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:26,520
FACTORS IN COVID INFECTION.

792
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:30,280
AT THAT TIME, THERE WAS NO SEX

793
00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:32,040
DATA AND NO 1 WAS LOOKING AT

794
00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:33,680
GENDER.

795
00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:36,320
SO THE UK BIOBANK IS A LARGE

796
00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:37,200
COHORT, 500,000 PATIENTS AND

797
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,080
THEY LINK THE COHORT WITH THE

798
00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:41,720
TEST RESULT FOR COVID.

799
00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:42,800
ASK JUST QUICKLY, I'M SHOWING

800
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:46,560
YOU HOW WE HAD ACCESS TO ABOUT

801
00:28:46,560 --> 00:28:49,240
1300 COVID POSITIVE PEOPLE AND

802
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:51,800
3100 COVID NEGATIVE PEOPLE AND

803
00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:55,080
THEN WE LOOKED AT YOU KNOW

804
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:56,520
VARIOUS FACTORS RELATED

805
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:57,320
INCLUDING GENDER RELATED

806
00:28:57,320 --> 00:28:59,960
VARIABLES, AND WE DID THIS TO

807
00:28:59,960 --> 00:29:02,840
SPECIFY ANALYSIS AND WE LOOK AT

808
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:03,960
MACHINE LEARNING, SIDE MACHINE

809
00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:05,480
LEARNING FOR THE BEST MODEL AND

810
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:09,400
JUST TO SHOW THAT YOU KNOW WHEN

811
00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:11,400
YOU DO SEX CLASSIFIED DAT WE

812
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:12,920
FIND THAT MAJOR FACTORS

813
00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:14,440
ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION WERE

814
00:29:14,440 --> 00:29:16,880
MORE GENDER RELATED FOR FEMALES

815
00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:18,440
AND MORE BIOLOGICAL RELATED FOR

816
00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:23,440
MALES, AND THIS WAS IMPORTANT AT

817
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:25,200
THE TIME BECAUSE IT KIND OF GAVE

818
00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:29,960
GUIDANCE IN TERMS OF VACCINATION

819
00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:32,480
PRIORITIES WHICH WERE MADE

820
00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:32,880
BIOLOGICALLY MALE

821
00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:35,320
[INDISCERNIBLE] BUT THROUGH THE

822
00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:38,480
PANDEMIC PEOPLE STARTED TO LACK

823
00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:39,640
AT [INDISCERNIBLE], AND INCOME

824
00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:44,280
AND WHERE PEOPLE LIVE AND

825
00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:47,600
POVERTY AND TO LOOK AT THOSE

826
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:48,160
GROUPS.

827
00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:50,920
SO JUST TO CLOSE, INTEGRATING

828
00:29:50,920 --> 00:29:52,560
SEX AND GENDER RELATED FACTORS

829
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:53,960
IN HEALTH RESEARCH UNDERSTANDING

830
00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:56,000
OF FACTORS AND MEASURE GENDER

831
00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:59,600
ROLES RELATIONS AND IDENT AND

832
00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:00,880
INSTITUTIONALIZED GENDER.

833
00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:01,920
A HYPOTHESIS DRIVEN APPROACH IS

834
00:30:01,920 --> 00:30:02,200
IMPORTANT.

835
00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:03,480
WE SHOWED THAT YOU THAT OUTCOME

836
00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:05,080
IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH HEART

837
00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:07,360
DISEASE AND REALLY GENDER

838
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,880
DEPENDENT AND THEN IN COVID AS

839
00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:13,000
WELL, THE GENDER MATTERED FOR

840
00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:14,000
FEMALES WHEREAS BIOLOGY WAS MORE

841
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,000
IMPORTANT FOR MALES IN TERMS OF

842
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:16,520
RISK OF INFECTION.

843
00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,160
SO I THINK I'M OUT OF TIME.

844
00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:21,800
BUT I'M GOING TO LIVE YOU WITH

845
00:30:21,800 --> 00:30:22,920
THIS MEET THE METHODS SERIES

846
00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:25,880
THAT YOU CAN LOOK UP ON THE CHR

847
00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:27,520
WEBSITE TO GET MORE INFORMATION

848
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:29,680
ON THE METHODS THAT WE HAVE

849
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:31,560
FOLLOWED AND THAT I PRESENTED

850
00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:38,440
TODAY. 

851
00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:41,840
THANK YOU.

852
00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:43,800
>>THANK YOU THAT WAS
EXCELLENT,

853
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:45,400
WE WILL GO TO OUR NEXT SPEAKERS

854
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:55,840
NOW WHICH I BELIEVE WILL BE

855
00:30:56,720 --> 00:31:00,040
DR. --NO IT'S SCHIEBINGER AND

856
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:00,280
NEILSEN.

857
00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:01,320
>>I'M SORROW, I DON'T
KNOW HOW

858
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:03,520
I GOT THIS WRONG, I WON'T GAMBLE

859
00:31:03,520 --> 00:31:11,160
I WILL SAY THAT, DR. SCHIEBINGER

860
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:14,960
AND NEILSEN WILL PRESENT ON HOW

861
00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:16,640
PERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL

862
00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:17,520
ASPECTS OF GENDER INTERSECT.

863
00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:20,880
THEY CALL IT THE GASV MEASURE.

864
00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:25,160
OKAY, THANK YOU AND OVER TO YOU

865
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:25,440
COLLEAGUES.

866
00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:26,320
>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

867
00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:32,080
AND I WANT TO  THANK OUR NIH

868
00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:33,880
HOSTS FOR JUST A MARVELOUS

869
00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:34,120
MEETING.

870
00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:35,960
IT'S BEEN A MARVELOUS DAY AND

871
00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:37,400
I'M HOPING FOR EVEN MORE IN THE

872
00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:37,920
FITTURE.

873
00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:48,120
SO I DIRECTED THE GENDER--I'M

874
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:52,800
LONDA SCHIEBINGER, AND I AM

875
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:58,640
PRESENTING WITH DR. NEILSEN.

876
00:31:58,640 --> 00:32:00,440
THIS WAS PRODUCED THROUGH A

877
00:32:00,440 --> 00:32:01,120
LARGE INTERNATIONAL

878
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:02,600
COLLABORATION INVOLVING THE

879
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:04,520
EUROPEAN UNION, THE U.S.

880
00:32:04,520 --> 00:32:06,160
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, AND

881
00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:09,480
STANFORD UNIVERSITY AND THE WORK

882
00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:10,680
THAT MATHIAS AND I ARE

883
00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:13,280
PRESENTING TODAY IS PART OF THIS

884
00:32:13,280 --> 00:32:15,040
LARGER PROJECT.

885
00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:17,720
SO TODAY, WE ARE REPORTING--SEE

886
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:20,280
IF I CAN GET THE SLIDES.

887
00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:21,680
WHOA, NOW I HAVE TOO MANY

888
00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:22,160
SLIDES.

889
00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:24,360
THERE WE ARE, TODAY WE ARE

890
00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:26,240
REPORTING  ON OUR 2021 PAPER

891
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:27,840
GENDER RELATED VARIABLES FOR

892
00:32:27,840 --> 00:32:28,440
HEALTH RESEARCH.

893
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:32,080
THIS WORK WAS DEVELOPED THROUGH

894
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:32,560
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY

895
00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:34,640
INTERNATIONAL TEAM FROM THE

896
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:37,960
U.S., CANADA, EUROPE AND SOUTH

897
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:38,160
KOREA.

898
00:32:38,160 --> 00:32:41,440
AND OUR INSTRUMENT SEEKS TO

899
00:32:41,440 --> 00:32:42,760
DEVELOP THEORETICALLY ROBUST

900
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:44,000
GENDER RELATED VARIABLES FOR USE

901
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:47,200
IN CLINICAL AND POPULATION

902
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,040
RESEARCH INCLUDING LARGE SCALE

903
00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:52,600
HEALTH SURVEYS, AND IT'S GEARED

904
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:54,840
TOWARD WESTERN POPULATIONS,

905
00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:58,480
ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN TRIED ALSO

906
00:32:58,480 --> 00:32:59,240
IN SOUTH KOREA.

907
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:02,840
ACCORDING TO THE NIH AS YOU

908
00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:06,040
KNOW, BOTH SEX AND GENDER PLAY A

909
00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:09,840
ROLE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.

910
00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:14,160
IN JANUARY 2016 THE NIH MANDATED

911
00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:16,920
SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE

912
00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:18,760
WHERE RELEVANT AND IN PUBLICLY

913
00:33:18,760 --> 00:33:19,920
FUNDED RESEARCH AND IN THIS

914
00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:23,080
PAPER WE ARGUE FOR GENDER AS A

915
00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:23,720
SOCIOLOGICAL CULTURAL

916
00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:26,320
VARIATIONSIABLE IN HUMAN

917
00:33:26,320 --> 00:33:28,480
RESEARCH TO COMPLEMENT SABV.

918
00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:34,400
SO WELL AHEAD OF THE NIH THE

919
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:35,560
CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

920
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:36,720
RESEARCH HAVE CALLED EXPLICITLY

921
00:33:36,720 --> 00:33:39,440
FOR BOTH SEX AND GENDER ANALYSIS

922
00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:44,280
SINCE 2010 AND THE EUROPEAN

923
00:33:44,280 --> 00:33:46,040
COMMISSION SINCE 2020 REQUIRES

924
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:47,760
SEX, GENDER AND INTERSECTIONAL

925
00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:51,080
ANALYSIS IN ALL PUBLICLY FUNDED

926
00:33:51,080 --> 00:33:52,600
RESEARCH WHERE RELEVANT.

927
00:33:52,600 --> 00:33:54,080
FUNDING AGENCIES EXPECT NEEZ

928
00:33:54,080 --> 00:33:59,320
EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE PACE OF

929
00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:02,120
NEW DISCOVERIES, DIMINISH AREAS

930
00:34:02,120 --> 00:34:03,680
OF EXTRAPOLATION AND MITIGATE

931
00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:07,040
DIVERSE EVENTS IN THE PIPELINE.

932
00:34:07,040 --> 00:34:08,640
OUR INSTRUMENTS IS DESIGNED TO

933
00:34:08,640 --> 00:34:12,800
SHED LIGHT ON HOW SPECIFIC

934
00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:15,040
GENDER RELATED BEHAVIORS AND

935
00:34:15,040 --> 00:34:23,480
ATTITUDES CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH

936
00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:24,960
AND DISEASE PROSASSESSESS

937
00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:28,240
IRRESPECTIVE OF OR IN ADDITION

938
00:34:28,240 --> 00:34:29,720
TO GENDER AND SEX IDENTITY.

939
00:34:29,720 --> 00:34:31,880
USE OF THESE VARIABLES SUCH AS

940
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:33,160
CLINICAL TRIALS MAY HELP US

941
00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:37,040
UNDERSTAND IF GENDER PLAYS A

942
00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:38,800
SIGNIFICANT ROLE AS TREATMENT

943
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:40,000
EFFECT MODIFIERS WHICH MAY NEED

944
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:45,400
TO BE FACTORED INTO THE

945
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:46,280
TREATMENT DECISION MAKING.

946
00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:49,800
SO WE DESIGNED OUR STUDY TO

947
00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:50,720
CAPTURE 3 DIMENSIONS OF GENDER

948
00:34:50,720 --> 00:34:54,480
AND THESE ARE QUICKLY GENDER

949
00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:54,840
NORMS.

950
00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:57,960
THESE ARE THE UNSPOKEN CULTURAL

951
00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:02,640
RULES THAT SILENTLY AND AT TIMES

952
00:35:02,640 --> 00:35:05,680
NOT SO SILENTLY POLICE BEHAVIOR.

953
00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:07,840
GENDER NORM THOSE THINGS THAT

954
00:35:07,840 --> 00:35:10,440
PRESS IN ON PEOPLE ARE PRODUCED

955
00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:12,200
THROUGH INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS THE

956
00:35:12,200 --> 00:35:13,520
WORKPLACE, THE FAMILY,

957
00:35:13,520 --> 00:35:14,920
INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES, STATE

958
00:35:14,920 --> 00:35:17,120
AND FEDERAL LAW, NATIONAL AND

959
00:35:17,120 --> 00:35:18,480
GLOBAL CULTURES.

960
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:20,080
SO THESE NORMS INFLUENCE THE

961
00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:25,920
HEALTH THEN OF INDIVIDUALS.

962
00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:28,480
THE NEXT IS GENDER RELATED

963
00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:30,920
TRAITS AND THIS REFERS TO HOW

964
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:33,640
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS PERCEIVE

965
00:35:33,640 --> 00:35:35,360
AND PRESENT THEMSELVES AND HOW

966
00:35:35,360 --> 00:35:39,680
THEY ARE PERCEIVED BY OTHERS.

967
00:35:39,680 --> 00:35:41,160
GENDER RELATED TRAITS ARE

968
00:35:41,160 --> 00:35:44,200
CULTURE AND CONTEXT SPECIFIC AND

969
00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:47,000
THEY CHANGE OVER TIME.

970
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:49,120
AND THEN THIRDLY, WE DO GENDER

971
00:35:49,120 --> 00:35:50,440
RELATIONS, THIS REFERS TO THE

972
00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:51,640
SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN

973
00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:53,120
INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT

974
00:35:53,120 --> 00:35:54,880
GENDER IDENTITIES OR GENDER

975
00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:57,840
RELATED TRAITS.

976
00:35:57,840 --> 00:35:59,720
WELL, METHODS FOR ANALYZING SEX

977
00:35:59,720 --> 00:36:01,800
ARE INCREASINGLY WELL

978
00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:03,200
UNDERSTOOD, METHODS FOR

979
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:06,400
ANALYZING GENDER ARE NOT, MUCH

980
00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:08,120
EXCELLENT LITERATURE HAS BROADLY

981
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:09,440
EXAMINED GENDER AND HEALTH BUT

982
00:36:09,440 --> 00:36:12,680
WE LACK SYSTEMATIC MEASURES AND

983
00:36:12,680 --> 00:36:14,680
METHODS FOR ASSESSING HOW GENDER

984
00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:15,560
RELATES TO HEALTH.

985
00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:16,760
THERE EXISTS NO GOLD STANDARD

986
00:36:16,760 --> 00:36:17,920
FOR GENDER AND I TAKE THAT TO BE

987
00:36:17,920 --> 00:36:21,200
1 OF THE PURPOSES OF THIS

988
00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:21,600
MEETING.

989
00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:23,040
THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT WE WERE

990
00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:27,480
HOPING TO CONTRIBUTE TO WITH

991
00:36:27,480 --> 00:36:28,440
THIS PAPER.

992
00:36:28,440 --> 00:36:30,040
SO INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE GENDER

993
00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:30,320
ABOUND.

994
00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:34,400
THERE IS NO SHORTAGE.

995
00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:35,880
WHAT WE'RE CONCERNED ABOUT IS

996
00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:38,160
THAT PIs TAKE INSTRUMENTS OFF

997
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:39,880
THE SHELF TO PLUG INTO THEIR

998
00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:40,560
CLINICAL TRIALS.

999
00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:42,280
MANY OF THESE INSTRUMENTS ARE

1000
00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:46,160
OUTDATED AND LIKELY TO LEAD TO

1001
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:47,840
ERRONEOUS CONCLUSION, 1

1002
00:36:47,840 --> 00:36:51,400
POPPAULAR INSTRUMENT IS THIS BEM

1003
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:52,600
SEX ROLE INVENTORY FROM 1974 AND

1004
00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:56,120
I WILL SAY A BIT MORE ON THAT IN

1005
00:36:56,120 --> 00:36:57,440
A MINUTE.

1006
00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:01,920
SO IMPORTANTLY, OUR INTEREST WAS

1007
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:03,240
PIQUED BY A 2007 PAPER THAT

1008
00:37:03,240 --> 00:37:05,800
REPORT THAD MEN WITH HIGHER

1009
00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:09,920
FEMININITY SCORES HAVE HAD LOWER

1010
00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:11,000
RISKS FOR CARDIO--FOR CORONARY

1011
00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:14,480
HEART DISEASE AND ALSO BY

1012
00:37:14,480 --> 00:37:16,200
DR. PILOTES, CANADIAN STUDY IN

1013
00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:18,160
2015 WHICH WAS WHEN WE STARTED

1014
00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:19,360
IT SHOULD JUST BEEN PUBLISHED

1015
00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:23,560
AND YOU JUST HEARD ABOUT IT, IT

1016
00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:24,680
WAS VERY INSPIRNG AND IT TOOK

1017
00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:33,520
US MANY YEARS TO DEVELOP OUR

1018
00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:33,920
WORK AS WELL.

1019
00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:36,720
SO WE WERE INTERESTED IN HOW THE

1020
00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:39,160
STUDY REDUCED GENDER TO THESE

1021
00:37:39,160 --> 00:37:40,800
BIPOLAR SCORES DERIVED FROM 7

1022
00:37:40,800 --> 00:37:42,520
RELEVANT FACTORS SHOWN HERE AND

1023
00:37:42,520 --> 00:37:49,320
THEN YIELDED A GENDER SCORE ON A

1024
00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:50,600
SPECTRUM FROM FEMININITY TO

1025
00:37:50,600 --> 00:37:56,160
MASKUE LYNNITY AS YOU HEARD.

1026
00:37:56,160 --> 00:37:57,440
AND SO, 1 PROBLEM HERE IS THAT

1027
00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:00,840
SEVERAL OF THE MEASURES USED IN

1028
00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:04,200
THE STUDY ARE NO LONGER VALID

1029
00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:05,920
AND SPECIFICALLY THIS BEM SEX

1030
00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:07,440
ROLE INVENTORY WAS DEVELOPED

1031
00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:10,040
HERE AT STANFORD WHERE I'VE BEEN

1032
00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:11,360
TEACHING FOR 18IERS.

1033
00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:14,280
IT WAS DEVELOPED IN 1974 WHEN

1034
00:38:14,280 --> 00:38:17,920
THE STUDENT POPULATION WAS

1035
00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:22,520
PREDOMINANTLY WHITE, WEALTHY,

1036
00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:23,320
AND HIGHLY ATHLETIC.

1037
00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:24,840
WE SEND STUDENTS REGULARLY TO

1038
00:38:24,840 --> 00:38:27,160
THE OLYMPICS SO WE CONSIDERED

1039
00:38:27,160 --> 00:38:29,000
THIS MEASURE NUMBER 1

1040
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:29,600
UNREPRESENTATIVE AND NUMBER 2

1041
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,800
REALLY VERY MUCH OUT OF DATE.

1042
00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:37,560
AND SECONDLY IN OUR VIEW,

1043
00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:39,640
REDUCING GENDER TO MASKUE

1044
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:44,400
LYNNITY AND FEMININITY AND

1045
00:38:44,400 --> 00:38:45,960
NONCONFORMITY IS NOT KD--SALLY

1046
00:38:45,960 --> 00:38:47,840
ENOUGH TO PROMOTE WHAT SPECIFIC

1047
00:38:47,840 --> 00:38:49,600
MEASURES PROMOTE OR HARM HEALTH.

1048
00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:53,120
SO INSPIRED BY THESE STUDIES WE

1049
00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:55,040
AT STANFORD LAUNCHED A NEW STUDY

1050
00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,800
AND OUR INNOVATIVE APPROACH

1051
00:38:57,800 --> 00:38:59,640
MOVES BEYOND BINARY NOTIONS OF

1052
00:38:59,640 --> 00:39:01,960
MASKUE LYNNITY AND FEMININITY, I

1053
00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:05,000
WOULD LIKE TO GET RID OF THOSE

1054
00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:06,000
CULTURAL BOXES ALTOGETHER, AND

1055
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:08,240
WE DO THIS BY CAPTURING

1056
00:39:08,240 --> 00:39:10,200
VARIABLES THAT CAPTURE SPECIFIC

1057
00:39:10,200 --> 00:39:11,840
SOCIAL BEHAVIORS RELATED TO

1058
00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:12,080
GENDER.

1059
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:13,800
AND NUMBER 2 OUR OPROACH

1060
00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:15,960
CAPTURES 3 DIMENSIONS OF GENDER

1061
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:17,480
NORMS, RELATED TRAITS AND

1062
00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:24,240
RELATIONS THAT I DISCUSSED

1063
00:39:24,240 --> 00:39:26,560
EARLIER AND 3, WE ADOPT A

1064
00:39:26,560 --> 00:39:27,320
MULTIDIMENSIONAL UNDERSTANDING

1065
00:39:27,320 --> 00:39:29,720
THAT SEEKS TO CAPTURE HOW

1066
00:39:29,720 --> 00:39:31,400
INTERPERSONAL AND INTRA PERSONAL

1067
00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:32,760
INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF GENDER

1068
00:39:32,760 --> 00:39:35,120
INTERSECT TO SHAPE A PERSON'S

1069
00:39:35,120 --> 00:39:45,640
HEALTH AND ILLNESS AND IN THIS

1070
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:53,200
APPROACH WE THINK FOR THAT

1071
00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:53,480
STATISTIC.

1072
00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:57,320
NUMBER 2, EACH VARIABLE CAN BE

1073
00:39:57,320 --> 00:39:59,640
CORRELATED WITH SEX SOC YEE

1074
00:39:59,640 --> 00:40:02,120
ECONOMIC STANDING SUCH AS

1075
00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:03,160
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND, INCOME,

1076
00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:04,560
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS

1077
00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:07,640
BODY MASS INDEX, AND OTHER

1078
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:08,840
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

1079
00:40:08,840 --> 00:40:10,600
AND NUMBER 3, THESE GENDER

1080
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:13,600
RELATED VARIABLES CAN ALSO BE

1081
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:16,680
CORRELATE WIDE OTHER BEHAVIORS,

1082
00:40:16,680 --> 00:40:18,000
OFTEN COLLECTED IN OTHER DATA

1083
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:22,240
SETS SUCH AS LEVELS OF EXERCISE,

1084
00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:24,080
SMOKING BEHAVIORS, AND DIET.

1085
00:40:24,080 --> 00:40:31,280
SO I NOW TURN IT OVER TO

1086
00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:32,000
DR. NEILSEN.

1087
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:33,720
>>THANK YOU LONDA, WE
STARTED

1088
00:40:33,720 --> 00:40:37,240
IN 15 AS LONDA MENTIONED WITH A

1089
00:40:37,240 --> 00:40:38,880
SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FROM 1975-2015

1090
00:40:38,880 --> 00:40:41,760
WHERE WE REVIEWED NEARLY 3000

1091
00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:43,880
ARTICLES AND NUMEROUS BOOKS TO

1092
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:45,600
CONSTRUCT A COMPREHENSIVE LIST

1093
00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:46,240
OF TYPICAL GENDER

1094
00:40:46,240 --> 00:40:48,240
CHARACTERISTICS THAT WE USED IN

1095
00:40:48,240 --> 00:40:48,800
PREVIOUS STUDIES.

1096
00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:50,600
AND IN DEVELOPING OUR PROPOSED

1097
00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:53,720
LIST OF GENDER RELATED

1098
00:40:53,720 --> 00:40:55,600
VARIABLES, WE COLLECTED ALL

1099
00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:56,640
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS USED

1100
00:40:56,640 --> 00:40:59,680
TO MEASURE GENDER IN 74 EXISTING

1101
00:40:59,680 --> 00:41:00,480
SCALES.

1102
00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:01,760
THREE SCALES CAPTURED DIFFERENT

1103
00:41:01,760 --> 00:41:05,720
ASPECT OF GENDER NORMS, 31

1104
00:41:05,720 --> 00:41:08,320
SCALES CAPTURED 31 ASPECTS

1105
00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:10,440
GENDER RELATED STRAIGHTS AND 40

1106
00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:11,760
SCALES CAPTURED ASPECTS OF

1107
00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:12,560
GENDER RELATIONS.

1108
00:41:12,560 --> 00:41:15,280
SO THIS PROCESS YIELDED 11

1109
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:16,880
GENDER RELATED VARIABLES AND OUR

1110
00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:18,280
IDEA WAS THAT EACH BEHAVIOR

1111
00:41:18,280 --> 00:41:20,160
SHOULD BE SCORED ON HIS OWN AND

1112
00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:25,320
WE MEASURED EACH WITH

1113
00:41:25,320 --> 00:41:28,080
APPROXIMATELY 3-5 ITEMS.

1114
00:41:28,080 --> 00:41:30,880
AND THE CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE

1115
00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:32,880
QUESTIONNAIRE WAS EXPRESSED BY A

1116
00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:35,320
PANEL OF EXPERTS INCLUDING

1117
00:41:35,320 --> 00:41:36,360
LOUISE THAT PRESENTED EARLIER

1118
00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,720
AND WE ALSO CARRIED OUT

1119
00:41:39,720 --> 00:41:43,440
COGNITIVE INTERVIEWS WITH ON

1120
00:41:43,440 --> 00:41:44,720
SOCIOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHIC

1121
00:41:44,720 --> 00:41:45,560
VARIABLES.

1122
00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:47,360
AND BETWEEN MAY 2017-JANUARY 18,

1123
00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:49,440
WE RAN THE QUESTIONNAIRE IN 3

1124
00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:51,720
U.S. SAMPLES.

1125
00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:53,000
PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED

1126
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:54,920
THROUGH SURVEY ONLINE PLATFORMS,

1127
00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:58,080
MODEL CITIZEN LITHIC AND

1128
00:41:58,080 --> 00:42:00,040
MECHANICAL AND THEN WE USED A

1129
00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:01,880
REGISTRY THROUGH THE STANFORD

1130
00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:02,160
HOSPITAL.

1131
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:05,680
SO LET ME BRIEFLY SHOW YOU THE

1132
00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:06,600
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS HERE.

1133
00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:08,240
OUR SAMPLES I WOULD SAY ARE LESS

1134
00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:10,360
DIVERSE IN TERMS OF ETHNICITY

1135
00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:11,880
THAN THE U.S. GENERAL

1136
00:42:11,880 --> 00:42:13,600
POPULATION, SAMPLE 1 IS SOMEWHAT

1137
00:42:13,600 --> 00:42:15,600
YOUNGER THAN THE GENERAL U.S.

1138
00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:17,560
POPULATION AND SAMPLES 2 AND 3

1139
00:42:17,560 --> 00:42:20,200
ARE A BIT OLDER AND IF WE LOOK

1140
00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:22,080
AT THE STANFORD REGISTRY,

1141
00:42:22,080 --> 00:42:22,680
ESPECIALLY IT'S IMPORTANT TO

1142
00:42:22,680 --> 00:42:24,800
NOTE THAT THE EDUCATIONAL

1143
00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:26,560
ATTAINMENT HERE IS LARGER THAN

1144
00:42:26,560 --> 00:42:28,240
IN THE 2 OTHER SAMPLES.

1145
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:30,360
IN THE SURVEYS WE ALSO ASKED

1146
00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:32,880
ABOUT BIRTH, SEX, SELF-REPORTED

1147
00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:34,840
GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION

1148
00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:36,640
AND THE SAMPLES HAD GOOD BALANCE

1149
00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:39,920
ON THESE MATTERS BUT VERY FEW,

1150
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:42,080
USED THE RESPONSE OPTIONS FOR

1151
00:42:42,080 --> 00:42:45,600
GENDER, SEX AND FLUIDITY.

1152
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:46,320
SELF-SPECIFIED GENDER CATEGORIES

1153
00:42:46,320 --> 00:42:49,040
IN OUR DATA COLLECTION HERE.

1154
00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:51,680
SO SINCE WE WANT TO DEVELOP A

1155
00:42:51,680 --> 00:42:53,360
MESSAGE HERE WE INTENDED TO SORT

1156
00:42:53,360 --> 00:42:54,960
OF TRIM THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND

1157
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:55,960
CLARIFY THE UNDERLYING

1158
00:42:55,960 --> 00:42:57,320
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE ITEMS

1159
00:42:57,320 --> 00:42:59,320
THAT WERE DEVELOPED TO CAPTURE

1160
00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:00,600
OUR 11 GENDER VARIABLES AND FOR

1161
00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:04,280
THAT PURPOSE WE USED EXPLORATORY

1162
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:05,800
FACTOR ANALYSIS FIRST OF ALL SO

1163
00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:08,440
WE EXAMINE 45 ITEMS CONCERNS

1164
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:09,600
GENDER NORMS, GENDER RELATED

1165
00:43:09,600 --> 00:43:12,080
TRAITS AND GENDER RELATIONS IN A

1166
00:43:12,080 --> 00:43:14,040
JOINT FACTOR STRUCTURE AND WE

1167
00:43:14,040 --> 00:43:16,320
FOUND AN OPTIMAL FACTOR SOLUTION

1168
00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:19,360
THAT CONSISTED OF 35 ITEMS

1169
00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:22,160
DISTRIBUTED ON 7 FACTORS.

1170
00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:24,880
SO, NEXT WE SUBMITTED THE ITEMS

1171
00:43:24,880 --> 00:43:27,360
RETAINED IN THIS EXPLORATORY

1172
00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:30,120
FACTOR ANALYSIS TO CONFIRMAT ORY

1173
00:43:30,120 --> 00:43:32,520
FACTOR ANALYSIS AND FURTHER TRIM

1174
00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:34,280
SOLUTION OF 25 ITEMS EXHIBITED

1175
00:43:34,280 --> 00:43:35,960
GOOD FIT TO THE DATA IN OUR

1176
00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:37,600
FIRST SAMPLE AND WE CROSS

1177
00:43:37,600 --> 00:43:39,240
VALIDATED IT, IN THE 2 OTHER

1178
00:43:39,240 --> 00:43:40,960
SAMPLES WHERE WE ALSO FOUND GOOD

1179
00:43:40,960 --> 00:43:45,000
FIT TO THE DATA.

1180
00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:47,320
SO THROUGH EXPLORATORY AND

1181
00:43:47,320 --> 00:43:50,400
CONFIRMATORY ANALYSIS, WE END UP

1182
00:43:50,400 --> 00:43:53,000
WITH--WE END UP WITH 2 FACTORS

1183
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:54,880
THAT CAPTURE GENDER NORMS THAT'S

1184
00:43:54,880 --> 00:43:56,280
CAREGIVER STRAIN AND WORK

1185
00:43:56,280 --> 00:43:56,520
STRAIN.

1186
00:43:56,520 --> 00:43:57,120
WE HAVE 3 FACTORS THAT KACCT

1187
00:43:57,120 --> 00:43:58,640
TININE PATHWAY UPPER GENDER

1188
00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:01,160
RELATED TRAITS, THAT WOULD BE

1189
00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:02,800
RISK TAKING, EMOTIONAL

1190
00:44:02,800 --> 00:44:03,840
INTELLIGENCE AND INDEPENDENCE.

1191
00:44:03,840 --> 00:44:05,200
AND FINALLY 2 FACTORS THAT

1192
00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:06,360
CAPTURE GENDER RELATIONS AND

1193
00:44:06,360 --> 00:44:08,920
THOSE ARE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND

1194
00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:09,280
DISCRIMINATION.

1195
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:10,680
AND HERE YOU SEE SOME SAMPLE

1196
00:44:10,680 --> 00:44:15,200
ITESTIMONIES FROM EACH OF THESE

1197
00:44:15,200 --> 00:44:19,680
DIFFERENT FACTORS.

1198
00:44:19,680 --> 00:44:22,000
SO WE USE RAYKOV'S POLE FOR

1199
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:25,440
CONSISTENCY OF EACH FACTOR, YOU

1200
00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:26,800
MAY [INDISCERNIBLE] THE ALPHA AS

1201
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:27,800
A SIMILAR WAY OF LOOKINGA THE

1202
00:44:27,800 --> 00:44:31,600
THIS SO IF YOU HAVE A ROLE OF

1203
00:44:31,600 --> 00:44:33,160
0.7 IT'S CONSIDERED ACCEPTABLE

1204
00:44:33,160 --> 00:44:35,320
AND WE HAVE 6 FACTORS THAT ARE

1205
00:44:35,320 --> 00:44:42,400
CONSIDERED GOOD OR ACCEPTABLE

1206
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:46,040
CATEGORS AND THEN BELOW THOSE IS

1207
00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:47,240
AND THAT INDICATES THAT WORK

1208
00:44:47,240 --> 00:44:49,840
NEEDS TO BE ON DONE ON THIS

1209
00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:50,240
PARTICULAR MEASURE.

1210
00:44:50,240 --> 00:44:52,840
SO NEXT WE EXAMINE THE RELEVANCE

1211
00:44:52,840 --> 00:44:54,360
OF THE GENDER RELATED VARIABLES,

1212
00:44:54,360 --> 00:44:57,600
SORT OF IN ALLOWING FOR MORE

1213
00:44:57,600 --> 00:45:00,040
FINE GRAINED ANALYSIS OF

1214
00:45:00,040 --> 00:45:01,040
DIFFERENCES IN SELF-REPORTED

1215
00:45:01,040 --> 00:45:02,360
HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS AND TO DO

1216
00:45:02,360 --> 00:45:03,960
THIS, WE CALCULATE MEAN ITEM

1217
00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:05,760
SCORES FOR EACH OF THE FACTORS

1218
00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:08,880
AND WE USE THEM AS PREDICTORS IN

1219
00:45:08,880 --> 00:45:10,400
REGRESSION MODELS AND SOME OF

1220
00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:11,600
THE ASSOCIATIONS WITH HEALTH

1221
00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:13,440
OUTCOMES THAT WE ASSESS HERE

1222
00:45:13,440 --> 00:45:14,920
ISSUE MEASURED WITH NEGATIVE BI

1223
00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:16,560
NOAMIA REGRESSIONS AND OTHERS

1224
00:45:16,560 --> 00:45:18,200
ARE MEASURED WITH LOGISTIC

1225
00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:19,880
REGRESSIONS.

1226
00:45:19,880 --> 00:45:22,080
SO, WE CARRIED OUT REGRESSION

1227
00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:23,520
ANALYSIS FOR EACH SAMPLE

1228
00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:24,800
SEPARATELY, BUT HERE WE COMBINE

1229
00:45:24,800 --> 00:45:26,080
FOR THIS PRESENT ANTICIPATION

1230
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:27,760
AND ALSO AS A FINAL RESULT IN

1231
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:29,280
THE PAPER, WE COMBINE 2 OF THE 3

1232
00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:31,320
SAMPLES WHERE WE COLLECT TD

1233
00:45:31,320 --> 00:45:32,040
HEALTH OUTCOMES IN ORDER TO

1234
00:45:32,040 --> 00:45:33,720
OBLIGATIONS STAIN A HIGHER

1235
00:45:33,720 --> 00:45:35,200
STATISTICAL POWER FOR ESTMAIOF

1236
00:45:35,200 --> 00:45:37,080
THING THESE RELATIONSHIPS AND

1237
00:45:37,080 --> 00:45:39,640
THIS ANALYSIS ADJUSTS FOR SEX,

1238
00:45:39,640 --> 00:45:41,400
ETHNICITY, PERSONAL INCOME

1239
00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:42,200
LEVEL, EDUCATION LEVEL, BIRTH

1240
00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:43,840
YEAR AND OF COURSE ALSO STUDY

1241
00:45:43,840 --> 00:45:44,200
SAMPLE.

1242
00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:48,120
SO THIS FIGURE, YOU SEE HERE IT

1243
00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:50,000
SHOWS THE ASSOCIATIONS OF 7

1244
00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:51,040
GENDER VARIABLES AND BIOLOGICAL

1245
00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:53,240
SEX WITH NUMBER OF DAYS WITH

1246
00:45:53,240 --> 00:45:55,440
POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH, POOR

1247
00:45:55,440 --> 00:45:56,840
MENTAL HEALTH AND ACTIVITY

1248
00:45:56,840 --> 00:45:57,920
LIMITATIONS WITHIN THE PAST 30

1249
00:45:57,920 --> 00:46:02,200
DAYS AND AS YOU CAN SEE,

1250
00:46:02,200 --> 00:46:02,760
CAREGIVER STRAIN AND

1251
00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:04,240
DISCRIMINATION ARE ASSOCIATE

1252
00:46:04,240 --> 00:46:08,840
WIDE LOWER PHYSICAL

1253
00:46:08,840 --> 00:46:10,920
HEALTH--YEAH, MENTAL HEALTH AND

1254
00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:11,720
ALSO ACTIVITY LEVELS.

1255
00:46:11,720 --> 00:46:14,240
AND IN CONTRAST IF WE LOOK AT

1256
00:46:14,240 --> 00:46:16,360
SOCIAL SUPPORT, IT'S ASSOCIATE

1257
00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:17,960
WIDE BETTER MENDAL HEALTH AND

1258
00:46:17,960 --> 00:46:19,120
ACTIVITY LEVELS WHEREAS RISK

1259
00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:21,520
TAKING IS ASSOCIATED ALSO WITH

1260
00:46:21,520 --> 00:46:22,600
BETTER MENTAL HEALTH.

1261
00:46:22,600 --> 00:46:25,040
THE REMAINING ASSOCIATIONS HERE

1262
00:46:25,040 --> 00:46:26,440
HAVE 99 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS

1263
00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:27,720
THAT SPAN THE LINE OF NO

1264
00:46:27,720 --> 00:46:34,640
DIFFERENCE SO THESE RESULTS ARE

1265
00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:34,960
INCONCLUSIVE.

1266
00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:37,160
SO THIS REPORT HERE IS

1267
00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:39,480
SELF-RATED HEALTH STATUS,

1268
00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:41,160
SMOKING, VAPING, BINGE DRIRKING

1269
00:46:41,160 --> 00:46:44,120
AND BODY MASS INDEX AND

1270
00:46:44,120 --> 00:46:45,160
CAREGIVER STRAIN DISCRIMINATION

1271
00:46:45,160 --> 00:46:47,000
AND MALE SEX ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

1272
00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:50,000
FAIR OR POOR SELF-RATED HEALTH

1273
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:52,000
IN THESE LOGISTIC MODELS.

1274
00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:53,520
RISK TAKING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

1275
00:46:53,520 --> 00:46:57,120
WE FIND PREDICT VERY GOOD OR

1276
00:46:57,120 --> 00:46:57,960
EXCELLENT SELF-RATED HEALTH IF

1277
00:46:57,960 --> 00:47:00,720
WE LOOK AT SMOKING, WE FIND THAT

1278
00:47:00,720 --> 00:47:02,440
CAREGIVERS STRAIN WORK STRAIN,

1279
00:47:02,440 --> 00:47:05,840
RISK TAKING AND MALE SEX ARE

1280
00:47:05,840 --> 00:47:08,280
ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AND WORK

1281
00:47:08,280 --> 00:47:10,120
STRAIN DIGS KRIM NATION AND MALE

1282
00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,160
SEX ARE ASSOCIATE WIDE VAPING.

1283
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:13,560
FINALLY AND I'M SORRY FOR GOING

1284
00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:14,720
THROUGH THIS FAST BUT ITIVE GOES

1285
00:47:14,720 --> 00:47:17,960
YOU AN IDEA OF THE SOAKERS HERE,

1286
00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:20,040
FINAL WORK STRAIN DISCRIMINATION

1287
00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:23,160
AND MALE SEX, SORRY, CAREGIVER

1288
00:47:23,160 --> 00:47:25,440
STRAIN, LOW LEVELS OF RISK

1289
00:47:25,440 --> 00:47:31,280
TAKING AND DISCRIMINATION, ARE

1290
00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:32,200
ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT IN

1291
00:47:32,200 --> 00:47:36,240
THE FINAL 1 HERE, YEP.

1292
00:47:36,240 --> 00:47:39,200
SO TO BRIEFLY SUMMARIZE THESE

1293
00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:40,400
FINDINGS, SUGGESTS I WOULD SAY

1294
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:42,760
THAT THE GENDER RELATED

1295
00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:43,640
VARIABLES PERTAINING TO NORMS,

1296
00:47:43,640 --> 00:47:46,120
IF WE LOOK AT THE RESULTS BUT

1297
00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:47,480
ALSO TO RELATIONS, SO THAT WOULD

1298
00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:48,760
BE CAREGIVER STRAIN AND WORK

1299
00:47:48,760 --> 00:47:52,240
STRAIN RELATED TO NORMS AND

1300
00:47:52,240 --> 00:47:52,960
DISCRIMINATION AND SOCIAL

1301
00:47:52,960 --> 00:47:54,280
SUPPORT RELATED TO RELATIONS

1302
00:47:54,280 --> 00:47:56,800
HAVE STRONGER CORRELATIONS WITH

1303
00:47:56,800 --> 00:47:58,720
THE SELF-RATED HEALTH MEASURES

1304
00:47:58,720 --> 00:48:01,200
THAN THE VARIABLES PERTAINING TO

1305
00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:03,040
GENDER RELATED STRAIGHTS PERHAPS

1306
00:48:03,040 --> 00:48:04,560
WITH RISK TAKING AS AN EXCEPTION

1307
00:48:04,560 --> 00:48:06,680
HERE AND THAT SUGGESTS THAT

1308
00:48:06,680 --> 00:48:07,480
INSTITUTIONAL ASSPEBTINGS OF

1309
00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:08,800
GENDER MAY BE MORE IMPORTANT

1310
00:48:08,800 --> 00:48:10,520
THAN INDIVIDUAL TRAITS AND

1311
00:48:10,520 --> 00:48:11,280
CHARACTERISTICS IN SHAPING

1312
00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:12,520
HEALTH AND DISEASE PROCESSES IN

1313
00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:14,720
THESE TYPES OF MEASURES.

1314
00:48:14,720 --> 00:48:17,960
AND OUR STUDY OF COURSE HAS SOME

1315
00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:18,920
LIMITATIONS, MOST IMPORTANTLY,

1316
00:48:18,920 --> 00:48:21,760
THERE WERE DEVELOPED AND TESTED

1317
00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:22,320
IN NONPROBABILITY SAMPLES.

1318
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:25,040
TWO OF THEM ARE RECRUITED ONLINE

1319
00:48:25,040 --> 00:48:27,080
AND THEY'RE ONLY TESTED IN THE

1320
00:48:27,080 --> 00:48:28,320
U.S. FOR NOW.

1321
00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:30,360
WE HAVE ONGOING WORK OUR

1322
00:48:30,360 --> 00:48:31,440
COLLEAGUES HAVE WHERE WE TESTED

1323
00:48:31,440 --> 00:48:36,000
THE SAME IN OTHER COUNTRIES BUT

1324
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:36,720
IMPORTANTLY ALSO THESE

1325
00:48:36,720 --> 00:48:38,240
ASSOCIATIONS THAT WE SHOW HERE

1326
00:48:38,240 --> 00:48:40,240
SHOULD NOT BE UNDERSTOOD AS

1327
00:48:40,240 --> 00:48:41,640
REFLECTING CAUSALITY.

1328
00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:43,640
THIS ANALYSIS FOR CROSS

1329
00:48:43,640 --> 00:48:45,920
SECTIONAL AND CONFOUNDING OR

1330
00:48:45,920 --> 00:48:47,000
EVEN REVERSE CAUSALITY COULD NOT

1331
00:48:47,000 --> 00:48:48,880
BE EXCLUDED AND YOU COULD

1332
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:50,400
IMAGINE SCENARIOS WHERE HEALTH

1333
00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:52,080
CONDITIONS ACTUALLY ALSO AFFECT

1334
00:48:52,080 --> 00:48:54,160
OUR GENDER MEASURES WE PRESENT

1335
00:48:54,160 --> 00:48:54,520
HERE.

1336
00:48:54,520 --> 00:48:56,120
BUT ACKNOWLEDGING THESE

1337
00:48:56,120 --> 00:48:57,880
LIMITATIONS, I THINK THAT OUR

1338
00:48:57,880 --> 00:48:59,920
ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT ANALYZING

1339
00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:02,000
GENDER RELATED VARIABLES IN

1340
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:03,280
CONJUNCTION WITH BIOLOGICAL SEX

1341
00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:06,040
MAY ALLOW FOR NEW INSIGHTS INTO

1342
00:49:06,040 --> 00:49:11,040
HEALTH AND DISEASE PROCESSES AND

1343
00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:13,480
WE SEE A KEY ADVANTAGE IN THAT

1344
00:49:13,480 --> 00:49:16,840
WE MAKE NO ASSUMPTIONS HERE

1345
00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:18,240
ABOUT MASKUE LYNNITY AND

1346
00:49:18,240 --> 00:49:19,320
FEMININITY AND PERHAPS THESE ARE

1347
00:49:19,320 --> 00:49:21,680
A BIT LIMITING IF THE GOAL IS TO

1348
00:49:21,680 --> 00:49:23,280
CAPTURE GENDER ALL ITS

1349
00:49:23,280 --> 00:49:23,640
COMPLEXITY.

1350
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:26,200
SO IF WE TAKE ME AS AN EXAMPLE,

1351
00:49:26,200 --> 00:49:28,600
A MAN AS A CAREGIVER, I HAVE A 6

1352
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:29,680
YEAR-OLD, 4 YEAR-OLD AND NEW

1353
00:49:29,680 --> 00:49:30,520
BORN IN THE HOUSE.

1354
00:49:30,520 --> 00:49:31,720
IF I EXHIBIT CARE GIVING

1355
00:49:31,720 --> 00:49:34,120
BEHAVIOR, THIS IS NOT A FEMININE

1356
00:49:34,120 --> 00:49:36,160
BEHAVIOR WE WANT TO BED CARE

1357
00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:37,680
GIVINGAsA I SEPARATE ASPECT

1358
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:37,880
HERE.

1359
00:49:37,880 --> 00:49:40,280
SO REDUCING THE GENDER RELATED

1360
00:49:40,280 --> 00:49:41,800
VARIABLES TO FEMININITY AND

1361
00:49:41,800 --> 00:49:43,880
MASKUE LYNNITY SCORES WE WOULD

1362
00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:45,160
GIVE LIMITED GUIDANCE TO

1363
00:49:45,160 --> 00:49:46,840
INTERVENTIONS AND WILL AS WE SEE

1364
00:49:46,840 --> 00:49:48,440
IT, REDUCE RATHER THAN IMPROVE

1365
00:49:48,440 --> 00:49:51,040
THE PRECISION OF WHAT'S GOING ON

1366
00:49:51,040 --> 00:49:51,920
HERE.

1367
00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:55,680
SO FINALLY, WE HAVE

1368
00:49:55,680 --> 00:49:58,000
INTERNATIONAL COLLEAGUES IN THE

1369
00:49:58,000 --> 00:49:58,840
NETHERLANDS PORTUGAL, KOREA AND

1370
00:49:58,840 --> 00:50:00,800
SPAIN THAT ARE TRYING TO

1371
00:50:00,800 --> 00:50:02,000
VALIDATE OUR SAMPLES IN THESE

1372
00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:03,880
COUNTRIES AND WE HOPE TO SEE

1373
00:50:03,880 --> 00:50:04,760
FURTHER TRANSLATIONS AND

1374
00:50:04,760 --> 00:50:06,360
VALIDATIONS FOR OTHER LANGUAGES

1375
00:50:06,360 --> 00:50:08,160
AND CULTURES IN THE NEAR FUTURE.

1376
00:50:08,160 --> 00:50:15,960
THANKS SO MUCH FOR YOUR

1377
00:50:15,960 --> 00:50:16,200
ATTENTION.

1378
00:50:16,200 --> 00:50:18,360
>>THANK YOU, THAT WAS

1379
00:50:18,360 --> 00:50:19,800
INCREDIBLY INTERESTING, AND I'M

1380
00:50:19,800 --> 00:50:22,120
EXCITED BECAUSE I THINK I WILL

1381
00:50:22,120 --> 00:50:23,960
HAVE THE RIGHT SPEAKERS THIS

1382
00:50:23,960 --> 00:50:28,280
TIME, OUR NEXT SPEAKERS WILL BE

1383
00:50:28,280 --> 00:50:30,320
DRS. PH ILBIN AND EVERETT, AND

1384
00:50:30,320 --> 00:50:32,080
THEY WILL FOCUS ON INSTRUCTURAL

1385
00:50:32,080 --> 00:50:34,360
FACTORS AND WOMEN'S HEALTH

1386
00:50:34,360 --> 00:50:35,800
LOOKING AT POLICY AND

1387
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:38,720
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA.

1388
00:50:38,720 --> 00:50:40,560
CONFIRM YOU HAVE CONTROL OVER

1389
00:50:40,560 --> 00:50:41,560
THE SLIDES, PLEASE.

1390
00:50:41,560 --> 00:50:43,800
>>YEP.

1391
00:50:43,800 --> 00:50:44,280
>>PERFECT.

1392
00:50:44,280 --> 00:50:44,560
THANK YOU.

1393
00:50:44,560 --> 00:50:44,840
>>GREAT.

1394
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:46,160
SO THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR

1395
00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:48,240
EVERYBODY, FOR COMING TO OUR

1396
00:50:48,240 --> 00:50:49,360
PRESENTATION TODAY, TITLED

1397
00:50:49,360 --> 00:50:50,360
STRUCTURAL FACTORS IN WOMEN'S

1398
00:50:50,360 --> 00:50:51,720
HEALTH AND A HUGE THANK YOU TO

1399
00:50:51,720 --> 00:50:52,920
THE ORGANIZERS AS WELL.

1400
00:50:52,920 --> 00:50:54,600
SO I'M GOING TO START WITH AN

1401
00:50:54,600 --> 00:50:56,320
OVERVIEW OF POLICY RESEARCH, AND

1402
00:50:56,320 --> 00:51:00,200
THEN DR. EVERETT WILL PRESENT A

1403
00:51:00,200 --> 00:51:01,400
SPECIFIC STUDY TO FLUSH OUT

1404
00:51:01,400 --> 00:51:02,680
CHALLENGES AND HOW THE FIELD IS

1405
00:51:02,680 --> 00:51:04,120
MOVING FORWARD.

1406
00:51:04,120 --> 00:51:05,840
SO STRUCTURAL FACTORS REGULATE

1407
00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:06,920
NEARLY ALL ASPECTINGS OF OUR

1408
00:51:06,920 --> 00:51:10,520
LIVES AND THESE FACTORS INCLUDE

1409
00:51:10,520 --> 00:51:11,360
POLICIES WHICH EXPLICITLY

1410
00:51:11,360 --> 00:51:13,360
EKINGULATE HEALTH AS WELL AS

1411
00:51:13,360 --> 00:51:14,560
BROADER SOCIAL POLICIES AND I

1412
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:15,560
WILL GIVE EXAMPLES OF BOTH OF

1413
00:51:15,560 --> 00:51:18,800
THESE DURING THE TALK.

1414
00:51:18,800 --> 00:51:20,120
STRUCTURAL FACTORS INCLUDE

1415
00:51:20,120 --> 00:51:20,680
UNIVERSAL POLICYINGS THAT

1416
00:51:20,680 --> 00:51:22,000
INCLUDE EVERYBODY SO THINKING

1417
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:22,840
ABOUT ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR

1418
00:51:22,840 --> 00:51:24,400
EXAMPLE, AND ALSO TARGETED

1419
00:51:24,400 --> 00:51:26,600
POLICIES SO THOSE THAT AFFECT A

1420
00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:28,440
SPECIFIC POPULATION SUCH AS

1421
00:51:28,440 --> 00:51:29,760
NONDESCRIMINATION POLICIES OR

1422
00:51:29,760 --> 00:51:31,280
MARRIAGE OR QUALITY OR

1423
00:51:31,280 --> 00:51:31,760
IMMIGRATION.

1424
00:51:31,760 --> 00:51:32,520
AND POLICIES ARE PARTICULARLY

1425
00:51:32,520 --> 00:51:34,480
IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY SERVE AS

1426
00:51:34,480 --> 00:51:36,760
SYMBOLIC MARKERS OF WHO IS

1427
00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:38,920
ALLOWED TO INHABIT A GIVEN SPACE

1428
00:51:38,920 --> 00:51:40,040
ACCESS A SERVICE OR BECOME A

1429
00:51:40,040 --> 00:51:41,240
FULL MEMBER OF SOCIETY.

1430
00:51:41,240 --> 00:51:42,920
AND POLICIES HAVE A DIRECT AND

1431
00:51:42,920 --> 00:51:44,880
LARGE SCALE IMPACT ON THE

1432
00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:46,760
PUBLIC'S HEALTH MUCH MORE THAN

1433
00:51:46,760 --> 00:51:47,880
CHANGING INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

1434
00:51:47,880 --> 00:51:48,720
BEHAVIOR WHICH IS WHY IT'S

1435
00:51:48,720 --> 00:51:50,720
IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE

1436
00:51:50,720 --> 00:51:52,600
USE EVIDENCE TO INFLUENCE POLICY

1437
00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:52,960
CHANGE.

1438
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:54,720
IN ADDITION POLICIES ARE PASSED

1439
00:51:54,720 --> 00:51:56,640
ACROSS MULTIPLE LEVELS INCLUDING

1440
00:51:56,640 --> 00:51:58,640
FEDERAL STATE AND CITY LEVEL AND

1441
00:51:58,640 --> 00:52:01,520
THIS MEANS THAT LOCAL POLICIES

1442
00:52:01,520 --> 00:52:02,200
CAN COUNTERACT FEDERAL POLICIES

1443
00:52:02,200 --> 00:52:05,840
AND WE'VE SEEN THIS IN

1444
00:52:05,840 --> 00:52:07,000
IMMIGRATION POLICIES IN

1445
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:09,240
SANCTUARY CITIES AND NOW IN

1446
00:52:09,240 --> 00:52:11,600
RESPONSE TO ROE V. WADE TO LIMIT

1447
00:52:11,600 --> 00:52:14,240
WAYS FOR REROUGH ATOM DUCTIVE

1448
00:52:14,240 --> 00:52:15,280
REETS.

1449
00:52:15,280 --> 00:52:16,240
AND POLICIES ARE MULTISECTOR SO

1450
00:52:16,240 --> 00:52:17,640
THINKING ABOUT SCHOOL LEVEL OR

1451
00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:19,720
CLINICAL GUIDE LINES SUCH AS HIV

1452
00:52:19,720 --> 00:52:21,320
SCREENING GUIDELINES AS A FORM

1453
00:52:21,320 --> 00:52:22,200
OF POLICY.

1454
00:52:22,200 --> 00:52:24,280
AND THEN LASTLY AND MOST

1455
00:52:24,280 --> 00:52:25,200
IMPORTANTLY POLICIES ARE

1456
00:52:25,200 --> 00:52:26,640
MODIFIABLE THROUGH SUSTAINED AND

1457
00:52:26,640 --> 00:52:27,720
ORGANIZED COLLECTIVE ACTION AND

1458
00:52:27,720 --> 00:52:29,680
THIS HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED TO BOTH

1459
00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:31,360
CREATE AN EVIDENCE BASED TO SHOW

1460
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:32,760
WHICH POLICIES TO TARGET AND

1461
00:52:32,760 --> 00:52:36,400
ALSO WHICH TO COLLABORATE WITH

1462
00:52:36,400 --> 00:52:37,800
KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND SUPPORTING

1463
00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:39,600
POLICIES THAT IMPROVE DAILY LIFE

1464
00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:41,160
FOR INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITIES.

1465
00:52:41,160 --> 00:52:43,480
SO I'M GOING TO QUICKLY

1466
00:52:43,480 --> 00:52:44,320
HIGHLIGHT COMMON APPROACHES TO

1467
00:52:44,320 --> 00:52:45,280
XOL POETIC WILL SEE RESEARCH IN

1468
00:52:45,280 --> 00:52:48,840
ORDER TO SHOW HOW SOME OF THESE

1469
00:52:48,840 --> 00:52:50,120
STILL HAVE CHALLENGES WITH THE

1470
00:52:50,120 --> 00:52:51,800
WAY MEASUREMENT IS DONE AND HOW

1471
00:52:51,800 --> 00:52:52,960
THE WORK DISCUSSED TODAY MAYING

1472
00:52:52,960 --> 00:52:54,960
ABLE TO ADDRESS SOME OF THESE.

1473
00:52:54,960 --> 00:52:56,480
SO FIRST POLICY RESEARCH OFTEN

1474
00:52:56,480 --> 00:52:57,640
TAKES A NARROW DEFINITION OF

1475
00:52:57,640 --> 00:52:59,320
WHAT CONSTITUTES A STRUCTURAL

1476
00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:02,200
FACTOR OR POLICY, HOWEVER IN OUR

1477
00:53:02,200 --> 00:53:03,320
WORK SPECIFICALLY WHAT

1478
00:53:03,320 --> 00:53:04,400
DR. EVERETT WILL DISCUSS IN THE

1479
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:07,160
SESSION AND THAT OF OTHERS HAS

1480
00:53:07,160 --> 00:53:08,720
INCORPORATED OTHER DRIVEWAYS

1481
00:53:08,720 --> 00:53:11,280
SUCH AS ATTITUDES CLINICAL GUIDE

1482
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:11,920
LINEUPS POLITICAL DETERMINANTS

1483
00:53:11,920 --> 00:53:13,880
OF HEALTH AND FUNDING STREAMS.

1484
00:53:13,880 --> 00:53:15,080
SECOND MUCH OF THE POLICY

1485
00:53:15,080 --> 00:53:16,840
RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH USES

1486
00:53:16,840 --> 00:53:18,360
BINARY MOLL PEE EXPOSURE

1487
00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:19,520
MEASURES, SO JUST MEANING

1488
00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:21,280
WHETHER A POLICY EXISTS HOWEVER

1489
00:53:21,280 --> 00:53:23,520
THIS APPROACH OFTEN FAILS TO

1490
00:53:23,520 --> 00:53:24,800
CAPTURE NUANCE VARIATION AROUND

1491
00:53:24,800 --> 00:53:28,320
POLICY DETAILS AND VARIATIONS IN

1492
00:53:28,320 --> 00:53:28,680
IMPLEMENTATION.

1493
00:53:28,680 --> 00:53:30,680
THIRD MUCH OF THE CURRENT POLICY

1494
00:53:30,680 --> 00:53:32,760
RESEARCH TAKES A 1 POLICY 1

1495
00:53:32,760 --> 00:53:35,440
OUTCOME APPROACH, SO EXAMPLE OW

1496
00:53:35,440 --> 00:53:37,080
A KAN--KANA BUSINESS PROGRAMS

1497
00:53:37,080 --> 00:53:37,600
POLICY AFFECTS KAN--KANA

1498
00:53:37,600 --> 00:53:38,880
BUSINESS PROGRAMS USE AND IT

1499
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:40,880
FAILS TO CAPTURE 2 THINGS.

1500
00:53:40,880 --> 00:53:43,040
FIRST IT'S THAT POLICIES HAVE

1501
00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:45,280
UNINTENDED AND SPILL OVER

1502
00:53:45,280 --> 00:53:46,440
EFFECTS NOT TARGETED BY THE

1503
00:53:46,440 --> 00:53:47,680
POLICY AND SECOND THIS APPROACH

1504
00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:49,640
FAILS TO CAPTURE THE FACT THAT

1505
00:53:49,640 --> 00:53:51,880
THE POLICY CLIMATE INTO WHICH A

1506
00:53:51,880 --> 00:53:53,120
SINGLE POLICY CAN PASS CAN VARY

1507
00:53:53,120 --> 00:53:55,360
FROM STATE TO STATE SO OTHER

1508
00:53:55,360 --> 00:53:57,240
POLICIES MAY BE SIMULTANEOUSLY

1509
00:53:57,240 --> 00:53:59,200
AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OR

1510
00:53:59,200 --> 00:54:00,640
RELATIONSHIPS WE'RE SEEING

1511
00:54:00,640 --> 00:54:02,400
BETWEEN 1 POLICY AND SINGULAR

1512
00:54:02,400 --> 00:54:02,760
OUTCOME.

1513
00:54:02,760 --> 00:54:05,760
AND THEN LASTLY POLICY RESEARCH

1514
00:54:05,760 --> 00:54:09,600
OFTEN FOCUSES ON WHETHER THERE'S

1515
00:54:09,600 --> 00:54:11,960
POLICY AND OUTCOME AOPPOSE TO

1516
00:54:11,960 --> 00:54:13,000
EXPLORING THE NECKANISM THROUGH

1517
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:14,800
WHICH THIS OCCURS AND WHEN WE'RE

1518
00:54:14,800 --> 00:54:15,520
LOOKINGA THE STATE POLICY

1519
00:54:15,520 --> 00:54:17,720
BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT THAT CAN

1520
00:54:17,720 --> 00:54:19,240
HAPPEN BETWEEN SPHAIT POLICY AND

1521
00:54:19,240 --> 00:54:20,520
AN INDIVIDUAL OUTCOME.

1522
00:54:20,520 --> 00:54:21,840
SO INTEGRATING QUALITY METHODS

1523
00:54:21,840 --> 00:54:22,720
IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT

1524
00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:24,040
BECAUSE THAT CAN HIGHLIGHT WHAT

1525
00:54:24,040 --> 00:54:25,320
THOSE PATHWAYS OR MECHANISMS ARE

1526
00:54:25,320 --> 00:54:27,000
AND ALSO WHERE WE CAN INTERVENE

1527
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:28,320
WHEN WE'RE WAITING FOR POLICIES

1528
00:54:28,320 --> 00:54:33,960
TO BE PASSED TO MAXIMIZE HEALTH

1529
00:54:33,960 --> 00:54:34,200
EQUITY.

1530
00:54:34,200 --> 00:54:36,000
SO 1 OF THE MOST IMPORTANT

1531
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:37,360
DECISIONS IN POLICY RESEARCH IS

1532
00:54:37,360 --> 00:54:38,920
DETERMINING WHAT THE EXPOSURE IS

1533
00:54:38,920 --> 00:54:41,200
AND HOW TO CATEGORIZE IT, SO

1534
00:54:41,200 --> 00:54:43,240
HISTORICALLY POLICY RESEARCH HAS

1535
00:54:43,240 --> 00:54:45,360
USED A BINARY YES NO MEASURE OF

1536
00:54:45,360 --> 00:54:46,840
WHETHER A POLICY EXISTS AND THIS

1537
00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:48,040
FAILS TO CAPTURE IMPORTANT

1538
00:54:48,040 --> 00:54:49,600
NUANCES THAT COULD AFFECT STUDY

1539
00:54:49,600 --> 00:54:50,800
FINDINGS SO THINKING ABOUT

1540
00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:52,320
MEDICAL KAN--KANA BUSINESS

1541
00:54:52,320 --> 00:54:53,480
PROGRAMS POLICYs AS AN EXAMPLE

1542
00:54:53,480 --> 00:54:55,320
WE OFTEN SAY YES OR NO A STATE

1543
00:54:55,320 --> 00:54:57,480
HAS IT OR DOESN'T BUT THERE ARE

1544
00:54:57,480 --> 00:54:58,160
MANY VARIATIONS ACROSS STATES

1545
00:54:58,160 --> 00:55:00,240
SUCH AS THE NUMBER OF PLANTS

1546
00:55:00,240 --> 00:55:02,120
SOMEBODY CAN HAVE AT HOME, HOW

1547
00:55:02,120 --> 00:55:03,640
CHALLENGES IT IS TO OBTAIN A

1548
00:55:03,640 --> 00:55:05,000
KAN--KANA BUSINESS PROGRAMS

1549
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:07,360
LICENSE OR HOW A DISPENSEARY IS

1550
00:55:07,360 --> 00:55:09,960
NEARBY AND THAT COMPLICATES

1551
00:55:09,960 --> 00:55:10,240
POLICIES.

1552
00:55:10,240 --> 00:55:11,640
ANOTHER WORK I WANT TO SHARE

1553
00:55:11,640 --> 00:55:12,520
COMES FROM IMMIGRATION POLICIES

1554
00:55:12,520 --> 00:55:14,800
WHERE WE FOUND THAT WHETHER OR

1555
00:55:14,800 --> 00:55:20,800
NOT A STATE ALLOWED DRIVER'S

1556
00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:23,240
LICENSES FOR UNDOCUMENTED

1557
00:55:23,240 --> 00:55:24,440
IMMIGRANTS BUT WHETHER STATES

1558
00:55:24,440 --> 00:55:26,640
ALLOWED IT, WHAT DID IT HAVE IT

1559
00:55:26,640 --> 00:55:27,680
OR WHETHER THEY DEPARTMENT

1560
00:55:27,680 --> 00:55:29,000
ALLOW.

1561
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,000
SO IT'S HARD TO CATEGORIZE IT AS

1562
00:55:31,000 --> 00:55:34,640
TO WHETHER YES OR NO DECISION

1563
00:55:34,640 --> 00:55:36,840
THAL MAY HELP FIND DIFFERENCES

1564
00:55:36,840 --> 00:55:37,920
WE FOUND ACROSS DATAET ISS

1565
00:55:37,920 --> 00:55:40,320
BECAUSE THESE ARE NOT

1566
00:55:40,320 --> 00:55:40,960
COMPREHENSIVELY CAPTURING WHAT'S

1567
00:55:40,960 --> 00:55:41,800
HAPPENING ON THE GROUND.

1568
00:55:41,800 --> 00:55:43,360
SO NOW I'M GOING TO USE EXAMPLES

1569
00:55:43,360 --> 00:55:46,800
FROM MY OWN WORK TO GIVE A BRIEF

1570
00:55:46,800 --> 00:55:50,520
OVERVIEW OF HOW WE CAN ADDRESS

1571
00:55:50,520 --> 00:55:51,000
THESE CHALLENGES.

1572
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:53,320
SO THIS MAP SHOWS KAN--KANA

1573
00:55:53,320 --> 00:55:55,080
BUSINESS PROGRAMS POLICIES AND

1574
00:55:55,080 --> 00:55:56,360
INITIAL FOCUS AND RESEARCH SHOWS

1575
00:55:56,360 --> 00:55:57,440
KAN--KANA BUSINESS PROGRAMS USE

1576
00:55:57,440 --> 00:56:01,440
AND RESEARCH OVERALL AND LOOKING

1577
00:56:01,440 --> 00:56:03,640
AT POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE LIKE AGE

1578
00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:04,240
ISSUES SEXUAL IDENTITY AND

1579
00:56:04,240 --> 00:56:06,080
GENDER AND I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT

1580
00:56:06,080 --> 00:56:09,920
THE IMPORTANCE OF LOOKING AT

1581
00:56:09,920 --> 00:56:12,000
THESE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACTS BY

1582
00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:13,320
THINGS LIKE SEXUAL IDENTITY

1583
00:56:13,320 --> 00:56:13,960
BECAUSE OVERALL THOSE

1584
00:56:13,960 --> 00:56:15,400
DIFFERENCES MAY BE MASKED

1585
00:56:15,400 --> 00:56:16,240
BECAUSE POPULATIONS ARE MUCH

1586
00:56:16,240 --> 00:56:18,160
SMALLER SO IN WORK WITH

1587
00:56:18,160 --> 00:56:18,960
COLLEAGUESA THE COLUMBIA FOR

1588
00:56:18,960 --> 00:56:20,720
EXAMPLE, WE FOUND THAT MEDICAL

1589
00:56:20,720 --> 00:56:22,680
CANNABIS POLICIES HAD A

1590
00:56:22,680 --> 00:56:24,480
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT BY PATTERNS,

1591
00:56:24,480 --> 00:56:27,000
SEXUAL IDENTITY AND GENDER MOST

1592
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:27,960
NOTABLY AMONG BISEXUAL WOMEN.

1593
00:56:27,960 --> 00:56:29,040
AND THE SECOND PIECE I WANT TO

1594
00:56:29,040 --> 00:56:30,600
HIGHLIGHT IS THE LOOK AT SPILL

1595
00:56:30,600 --> 00:56:33,040
OVER EFFECTS OF POLICIES NAMELY

1596
00:56:33,040 --> 00:56:34,800
WHETHER POLICIES HAVE POLICIES

1597
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:45,360
OUTSIDE OF THE STATED INTENTIONS

1598
00:56:49,440 --> 00:56:54,640
AND SO INSTANCE THINKING ABOUT

1599
00:56:54,640 --> 00:56:55,240
THE PORTIONS.

1600
00:56:55,240 --> 00:56:57,080
SO WE THINK ABOUT HOW KAN--KANA

1601
00:56:57,080 --> 00:56:58,040
BUSINESS PROGRAMS AFFECTS OTHER

1602
00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:00,240
SUBSTANCE USE SO THINKING ABOUT

1603
00:57:00,240 --> 00:57:02,760
ALCOHOL OR OPIOID USE AND I ALSO

1604
00:57:02,760 --> 00:57:05,880
FOUND THAT PROMOTE CAN IMPROVE

1605
00:57:05,880 --> 00:57:08,400
MENTAL OUTCOMES AMONG NATION AND

1606
00:57:08,400 --> 00:57:10,080
MINORITY YOUTH BECAUSE THEY WERE

1607
00:57:10,080 --> 00:57:20,560
LESS LIKELY TO GET JAILED OR

1608
00:57:21,200 --> 00:57:23,960
ARRESTED FOR CANNABIS POSSESSION

1609
00:57:23,960 --> 00:57:24,680
OR USE.

1610
00:57:24,680 --> 00:57:26,560
SO FOR EXAMPLE, THIS MAP SHOWS

1611
00:57:26,560 --> 00:57:28,400
VARIATIONS IN STATE LEVEL POLICY

1612
00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:31,280
CLIMATE SPECIFIC TO JEKS JUL AND

1613
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:33,040
GENDER MINORITY INDIVIDUALS, AS

1614
00:57:33,040 --> 00:57:33,800
I NOTED IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE

1615
00:57:33,800 --> 00:57:35,880
THEY ONLY LOOK AT THE SINGULAR

1616
00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:37,200
POLICY WE MAY MISS THE FACT THAT

1617
00:57:37,200 --> 00:57:38,920
POLICIES IN THE BACKGROUND VARY

1618
00:57:38,920 --> 00:57:40,480
ACROSS STATES AND MAY AFFECT THE

1619
00:57:40,480 --> 00:57:41,640
SAME OUTCOME OF INTEREST.

1620
00:57:41,640 --> 00:57:43,720
SO TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE, I HAVE

1621
00:57:43,720 --> 00:57:44,840
EXPLORED HOW SCHOOL BASED

1622
00:57:44,840 --> 00:57:48,080
POLICIES AND PRACTICES THAT

1623
00:57:48,080 --> 00:57:49,280
YOUNG PEOPLE AFFECT SEXUAL

1624
00:57:49,280 --> 00:57:51,360
BEHAVIOR AND THESE POLICIES CAME

1625
00:57:51,360 --> 00:57:53,480
FROM THE CDC'S HEALTH PROFILES

1626
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:56,440
AND YOU CAN SEE VARIATIONS

1627
00:57:56,440 --> 00:57:58,120
ACROSS JURISDICTIONS ON THE MAP.

1628
00:57:58,120 --> 00:58:00,320
AND WE THEN LINK THESE ON TO THE

1629
00:58:00,320 --> 00:58:01,400
USUAL RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY AND

1630
00:58:01,400 --> 00:58:02,880
FOUND THAT YOUNG PEOPLE IN

1631
00:58:02,880 --> 00:58:05,320
STATES WITH MORE RESTRICTIVE

1632
00:58:05,320 --> 00:58:06,600
SCHOOL BASED POLICIES, WERE LESS

1633
00:58:06,600 --> 00:58:10,840
LIKELY TO USE CONDOMS AND SEXUAL

1634
00:58:10,840 --> 00:58:12,880
IDENTITY MODIFIED THESE

1635
00:58:12,880 --> 00:58:13,240
RELATIONSHIPS.

1636
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:14,920
SO MODIFYS AN EXAMPLE TO LOOK AT

1637
00:58:14,920 --> 00:58:16,720
A 1 POLICY OUTCOME APPROACH,

1638
00:58:16,720 --> 00:58:17,440
THINK ABOUT DIFFERENTIAL IMPACTS

1639
00:58:17,440 --> 00:58:18,960
AND THINK ABOUT STRUCTURAL

1640
00:58:18,960 --> 00:58:20,320
FACTORS MORE BROADLY SO THINKING

1641
00:58:20,320 --> 00:58:21,720
ABOUT POLICIES AND PRACTICES

1642
00:58:21,720 --> 00:58:24,840
WITHIN SCHOOLS.

1643
00:58:24,840 --> 00:58:26,960
IN ARK DITION TO A POLICY

1644
00:58:26,960 --> 00:58:28,920
CLIMATE, SO IMMIGRATION POLICIES

1645
00:58:28,920 --> 00:58:29,680
AND THAT CLIMATE IT'S IMPORTANT

1646
00:58:29,680 --> 00:58:31,280
TO THINK ABOUT HOW POLICIES

1647
00:58:31,280 --> 00:58:31,560
INTERSECT.

1648
00:58:31,560 --> 00:58:33,120
AND SO IN THE LAST SLIDE, I

1649
00:58:33,120 --> 00:58:35,680
TALKED ABOUT HOW SCHOOL BASED

1650
00:58:35,680 --> 00:58:37,200
POLICIES AFFECT SEXUAL AND

1651
00:58:37,200 --> 00:58:39,040
GENDER MINORITY YOUTH BUT MANY

1652
00:58:39,040 --> 00:58:39,880
POLARIZEDEES AFFECT THEM.

1653
00:58:39,880 --> 00:58:42,800
SO WE DEVELOPED THIS BASED ON 30

1654
00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:44,240
SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITY IN

1655
00:58:44,240 --> 00:58:46,880
YOUTH IN NEW YORK AND 30

1656
00:58:46,880 --> 00:58:47,880
STAKEHODERS FROM ACROSS THE

1657
00:58:47,880 --> 00:58:49,280
U.S. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW IT

1658
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:50,240
AFFECTS THEIR HEALTH AND WELL

1659
00:58:50,240 --> 00:58:50,440
BEING.

1660
00:58:50,440 --> 00:58:52,120
AND AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THIS

1661
00:58:52,120 --> 00:58:53,720
MODEL WITH SEXUAL AND GENDER

1662
00:58:53,720 --> 00:58:56,120
MINORITY IN THE MIDDLE, THEY

1663
00:58:56,120 --> 00:58:58,880
TARGET PEOPLE BASED ON SEXUAL

1664
00:58:58,880 --> 00:59:00,080
GENDER IDENTITY AND UNIVERSAL

1665
00:59:00,080 --> 00:59:01,040
POLICIES MORE GENERALLY SO IT'S

1666
00:59:01,040 --> 00:59:03,040
REALLY IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT

1667
00:59:03,040 --> 00:59:03,480
THESE BROADLY.

1668
00:59:03,480 --> 00:59:04,760
SO NOW I'M GOING TO MOVE TO

1669
00:59:04,760 --> 00:59:06,760
SHOWING A FIGURE THAT WE

1670
00:59:06,760 --> 00:59:08,840
DEVELOPED THAT SHOWS HOW WE GET

1671
00:59:08,840 --> 00:59:10,040
FROM THESE POLICIES HO HEALTH

1672
00:59:10,040 --> 00:59:10,320
OUTCOMES.

1673
00:59:10,320 --> 00:59:12,080
SO I KNOW THERE'S A LOT GOING ON

1674
00:59:12,080 --> 00:59:14,240
OUT HERE BUT WHAT I'M TRYING TO

1675
00:59:14,240 --> 00:59:15,560
GET ON THIS RECK TANGLE AT THE

1676
00:59:15,560 --> 00:59:17,080
TOP, THINK OF THAT FIGURE UP

1677
00:59:17,080 --> 00:59:18,480
THERE AT THE TOP.

1678
00:59:18,480 --> 00:59:19,680
THERE ARE THESE DIFFERENT

1679
00:59:19,680 --> 00:59:21,080
PATHWAYS WE FOUND THROUGH STIGMA

1680
00:59:21,080 --> 00:59:22,600
AND STRESS, SOME THAT REGULATED

1681
00:59:22,600 --> 00:59:24,240
ACCESS TO MATERIAL RESOURCES,

1682
00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:26,200
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT AND SOCIAL

1683
00:59:26,200 --> 00:59:27,400
INCLUSION AND THESE WORKED

1684
00:59:27,400 --> 00:59:29,360
PRIMARILY IN THE AREAS OF

1685
00:59:29,360 --> 00:59:36,560
HOUSING EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

1686
00:59:36,560 --> 00:59:38,360
THESE POLICIES AND OUTCOMES AND

1687
00:59:38,360 --> 00:59:39,880
FOCUSES ON HOW THE POLICY

1688
00:59:39,880 --> 00:59:41,400
AFFECTS OUTCOME AND THESE CAN

1689
00:59:41,400 --> 00:59:44,560
HELP PROVIDE A CLEAR RATIONAL

1690
00:59:44,560 --> 00:59:47,720
FOR WHAT YOUR POLICY EXSEIZURE

1691
00:59:47,720 --> 00:59:49,640
SHOULD BE, AND SO WHEN WE FIND

1692
00:59:49,640 --> 00:59:50,600
AN OUTCOME THERE'S SO MANY

1693
00:59:50,600 --> 00:59:51,440
THINGS HAPPENING IN THE

1694
00:59:51,440 --> 00:59:52,480
BACKGROUND THAT WE NEED TO

1695
00:59:52,480 --> 00:59:52,880
CONSIDER.

1696
00:59:52,880 --> 00:59:55,800
SO I WILL END BRIEFLY WITH 2

1697
00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:57,400
SUMMARY SLIDES, 1 ON

1698
00:59:57,400 --> 00:59:58,800
QUANTITATIVE WORK AND 1 ON

1699
00:59:58,800 --> 00:59:59,200
QUALITATIVE WORK.

1700
00:59:59,200 --> 01:00:01,160
SO THINKING ABOUT THE POLICY

1701
01:00:01,160 --> 01:00:03,480
CLIMATE I'M NOT SAYING WE SHOULD

1702
01:00:03,480 --> 01:00:05,760
IGNORE MY WORK ON POLICIES, AND

1703
01:00:05,760 --> 01:00:07,520
THEN ALSO LOOK AT OVERALL

1704
01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:08,760
POLICIES SO WE CAN FIGURE OUT

1705
01:00:08,760 --> 01:00:10,040
WHICH 1S TO TARGET FOR

1706
01:00:10,040 --> 01:00:10,960
INTERVENTIONS BUT I THINK IT'S

1707
01:00:10,960 --> 01:00:12,400
IMPORTANT TO THINK OF BOTH AND

1708
01:00:12,400 --> 01:00:14,440
OBVIOUSLY THE WORK WE DO ON A

1709
01:00:14,440 --> 01:00:15,280
STATE LEVEL POLICY USES DAILY

1710
01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:17,200
BASIS THEA SETS THAT SHOULD BE

1711
01:00:17,200 --> 01:00:19,240
IDLY WEIGHTED AT THE STATE LEVEL

1712
01:00:19,240 --> 01:00:20,600
AND INCLUDE ALL 50 STATES BUT

1713
01:00:20,600 --> 01:00:22,360
MANY OF THESE ARE COLLECTED BY

1714
01:00:22,360 --> 01:00:23,560
FEDERAL AGENCIES THAT ARE NOT

1715
01:00:23,560 --> 01:00:24,880
DESIGNED FOR RESEARCH AND DON'T

1716
01:00:24,880 --> 01:00:26,120
INCLUDE THE VARIABLES WE THINK

1717
01:00:26,120 --> 01:00:32,840
ARE IMPORTANT SO FOR EXAMPLE,

1718
01:00:32,840 --> 01:00:35,040
THE NATIONAL DATA SET ON

1719
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:36,680
IDENTITY AND THESE DATA SETS CAN

1720
01:00:36,680 --> 01:00:44,160
BE HARD TO WACHOVIA ASSESSES SO

1721
01:00:44,160 --> 01:00:46,480
THE NATIONAL SUBJECT--THAT

1722
01:00:46,480 --> 01:00:47,880
FBI, BUT THAT CHALLENGES THE WAY

1723
01:00:47,880 --> 01:00:49,520
WE DO RESEARCH.

1724
01:00:49,520 --> 01:00:51,280
AND SO JUSTLY FOR THE LAST SLIDE

1725
01:00:51,280 --> 01:00:53,040
I WILL END BY NOTING THE

1726
01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:55,200
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE

1727
01:00:55,200 --> 01:00:56,160
RESEARCH IN POLICY RESEARCH BOTH

1728
01:00:56,160 --> 01:00:58,320
BECAUSE WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT

1729
01:00:58,320 --> 01:00:59,680
THE PATHWAYS THROUGH WHICH THESE

1730
01:00:59,680 --> 01:01:00,720
POLICIES MATTER AND IT ALSO

1731
01:01:00,720 --> 01:01:02,280
GIVES VOICE TO THE POPULATIONS

1732
01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:03,280
WE STUDY.

1733
01:01:03,280 --> 01:01:05,000
THE OTHER IMPORTANT THING ABOUT

1734
01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:06,520
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IS IT CAN

1735
01:01:06,520 --> 01:01:08,520
HELP US UNDERSTAND WHETHER AND

1736
01:01:08,520 --> 01:01:10,720
HOW POLICIES ARE IMPLEMENTED AND

1737
01:01:10,720 --> 01:01:11,880
ENFORCED BECAUSE IN OUR

1738
01:01:11,880 --> 01:01:15,080
QUANTITATIVE MODELS WE HAVE TO

1739
01:01:15,080 --> 01:01:16,160
MAKE ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THINGS

1740
01:01:16,160 --> 01:01:17,360
EQUALLY BUT WE KNOW THAT'S NOT

1741
01:01:17,360 --> 01:01:18,680
THE CASE AND LASTLY I WANT TO

1742
01:01:18,680 --> 01:01:21,000
PUT IN A PLUG FOR EXPLORING

1743
01:01:21,000 --> 01:01:22,240
RESEARCH TO EXPLORE CAUSAL

1744
01:01:22,240 --> 01:01:23,600
ASSOCIATIONS AND UNPACK THEM AND

1745
01:01:23,600 --> 01:01:25,680
ALSO IN TANDEM THOSE CAN BETTER

1746
01:01:25,680 --> 01:01:26,760
HELP ADVOCATE FOR POLICIES THAT

1747
01:01:26,760 --> 01:01:28,280
WILL REALLY SUPPORT THE PEOPLE

1748
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:29,840
AND AFFECT CHANGE IN ORDER TO

1749
01:01:29,840 --> 01:01:30,800
REALLY ADVANCE HEALTH AND WELL

1750
01:01:30,800 --> 01:01:36,680
BEING FOR THE INDIVIDUALS THAT

1751
01:01:36,680 --> 01:01:37,400
WE WORK WITH.

1752
01:01:37,400 --> 01:01:38,800
>>THANK YOU MORGAN FOR
THAT

1753
01:01:38,800 --> 01:01:39,080
OVERVIEW.

1754
01:01:39,080 --> 01:01:41,440
I WILL BE TALKING ABOUT 1

1755
01:01:41,440 --> 01:01:43,000
CONCEPT AND A PAPER PUBLISHED

1756
01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:44,360
EARLIER THIS YEAR THAT CALLED

1757
01:01:44,360 --> 01:01:47,720
ATTENTION TO THE WAY THAT

1758
01:01:47,720 --> 01:01:49,200
SYSTEMIC IN LGBTQ POPULATIONS

1759
01:01:49,200 --> 01:01:51,080
ARE AFFECTED NOW IF YOU'VE BEEN

1760
01:01:51,080 --> 01:01:52,920
PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NEWS

1761
01:01:52,920 --> 01:01:55,560
THIS YEAR'S BEEN AN AWFUL 1 FOR

1762
01:01:55,560 --> 01:01:56,520
TRANSGENDER PEOPLE, QUEER PEOPLE

1763
01:01:56,520 --> 01:01:58,400
AND ANYONE FOR A CAPACITY FOR

1764
01:01:58,400 --> 01:01:58,800
PREGNANCY.

1765
01:01:58,800 --> 01:02:01,920
IN TERMS OF LGBTQ LEGISLATION,

1766
01:02:01,920 --> 01:02:04,360
IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO KEEP UP WITH

1767
01:02:04,360 --> 01:02:05,680
EVERY DISCRIMINATORY LAW ACROSS

1768
01:02:05,680 --> 01:02:06,000
THE COUNTRY.

1769
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:09,080
LAST YEAR WAS A RECORD PRAIKING

1770
01:02:09,080 --> 01:02:09,960
YEAR FOR GRIEWSING

1771
01:02:09,960 --> 01:02:11,320
DISCRIMINATORY BILLS AND THIS

1772
01:02:11,320 --> 01:02:12,520
YEAR IS SET TO SHATTER THAT

1773
01:02:12,520 --> 01:02:14,440
RECORD AND JUST A FEW MONTHS

1774
01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:15,760
AGO, THE SUPREME COURT

1775
01:02:15,760 --> 01:02:19,680
OVERTURNED THE 50 YEAR PRECEDENT

1776
01:02:19,680 --> 01:02:21,800
OF ROW V. WADE BANNING OR

1777
01:02:21,800 --> 01:02:23,520
RESTRICTING ABORTION IN MANY

1778
01:02:23,520 --> 01:02:23,760
STATES.

1779
01:02:23,760 --> 01:02:25,400
HOWEVER IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE

1780
01:02:25,400 --> 01:02:27,120
THAT ABORTION ACCESS HAS BEEN

1781
01:02:27,120 --> 01:02:28,280
CURTAILED ACROSS THE COUNTRY

1782
01:02:28,280 --> 01:02:30,000
RENDERING IT IN REALITY

1783
01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:30,880
INACCESSIBLE FOR MANY PEOPLE

1784
01:02:30,880 --> 01:02:34,120
EVEN IN PLACES WHERE IT IS STILL

1785
01:02:34,120 --> 01:02:34,640
LEGAL.

1786
01:02:34,640 --> 01:02:36,280
UNTIL RECENTLY THESE 2 FIELDS

1787
01:02:36,280 --> 01:02:40,200
HAVE LARGELY BEEN SILOED FROM

1788
01:02:40,200 --> 01:02:40,560
EACH OTHER.

1789
01:02:40,560 --> 01:02:41,560
PREGNANCY CONTRIBUTION AND

1790
01:02:41,560 --> 01:02:44,440
ABORTION RESEARCH HAS RARELY

1791
01:02:44,440 --> 01:02:45,720
INCORPORATED LGBTQ POPULATIONS

1792
01:02:45,720 --> 01:02:46,680
AND VICE VERSA.

1793
01:02:46,680 --> 01:02:47,920
SO MY PERSONAL RESEARCH OVER THE

1794
01:02:47,920 --> 01:02:49,480
LAST SEVERAL YEARS HAS TRIED TO

1795
01:02:49,480 --> 01:02:52,880
BRIDGE THESE 2 FIELDS TOGETHER

1796
01:02:52,880 --> 01:02:54,840
TO DEMONSTRATE THE OBSTETRICAL

1797
01:02:54,840 --> 01:02:56,760
AND GYNECOLOGICAL HEALTH NEEDS

1798
01:02:56,760 --> 01:02:58,360
OF SEXUAL MINORITY WOMEN AT THE

1799
01:02:58,360 --> 01:03:01,400
STRUCTURAL LEVEL, HOWEVER, THESE

1800
01:03:01,400 --> 01:03:04,680
FIELDS CONTINUE TO RESEPARATE.

1801
01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:15,200
IN THE FIELD OF LGBT HEALTH BY

1802
01:03:20,920 --> 01:03:21,480
HATZENBUEHLER, SOCIAL CLIMATES.

1803
01:03:21,480 --> 01:03:25,240
AND AS WE HEARD THIS MORNING

1804
01:03:25,240 --> 01:03:28,760
FROM TRISH HOMAN'S AWRPGS THAT

1805
01:03:28,760 --> 01:03:31,800
STRUCTURAL SEXISM IS COMPOSED

1806
01:03:31,800 --> 01:03:33,000
POLITICAL, CULTERALITY AND

1807
01:03:33,000 --> 01:03:35,120
ECONOM SYSTEMS THAT FAVOR MEN'S

1808
01:03:35,120 --> 01:03:45,640
ACCESS TO POWER AND RESOURCES.

1809
01:03:46,280 --> 01:03:49,480
--AND PRIVILEGES MEANT TO ACCESS

1810
01:03:49,480 --> 01:03:50,680
POWER AND RESOURCES.

1811
01:03:50,680 --> 01:03:52,720
GIIVE INHERENT LINKS BETWEEN

1812
01:03:52,720 --> 01:03:54,920
JEBDER AND SEXUALITY, THESE

1813
01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:56,200
SYSTEMS REINFORCE 1 ANOTHER AND

1814
01:03:56,200 --> 01:03:58,000
SHAPE MEN AND WOMEN'S ROLES IN

1815
01:03:58,000 --> 01:03:59,640
THE WO, FORCE AND HOPE, THEY

1816
01:03:59,640 --> 01:04:00,840
CANNOT OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY OF

1817
01:04:00,840 --> 01:04:02,560
EACH OTHER AND SOME THEORORRISTS

1818
01:04:02,560 --> 01:04:04,520
HAVE GONE TO ARGUE THAT

1819
01:04:04,520 --> 01:04:06,240
SEXUALITY IS THE LINCHPIN OF

1820
01:04:06,240 --> 01:04:09,360
GENDER IN EQUALITY.

1821
01:04:09,360 --> 01:04:10,640
NOW, WHILE REPUBLICAN

1822
01:04:10,640 --> 01:04:12,680
LEGISLATORS CANNOT BE STEEPED IN

1823
01:04:12,680 --> 01:04:16,920
FEMINIST THEORY THEY KNOW THIS.

1824
01:04:16,920 --> 01:04:19,480
A CLEAR EXAMPLE OF THIS IS THE 2

1825
01:04:19,480 --> 01:04:20,520
DAY MEETING PRIOR TO THE

1826
01:04:20,520 --> 01:04:22,520
POPULATION OF THE ASSOCIATION OF

1827
01:04:22,520 --> 01:04:24,000
AMERICA, IT FOCUSED ON ABORTION

1828
01:04:24,000 --> 01:04:26,240
RESEARCH AND THIS LAST YEAR IT

1829
01:04:26,240 --> 01:04:26,920
WAS IN ATLANTA.

1830
01:04:26,920 --> 01:04:28,440
THE HOSTS DID WORK AT THE

1831
01:04:28,440 --> 01:04:32,040
CAPITOL AND THEY HAD BEEN AT THE

1832
01:04:32,040 --> 01:04:33,720
CAPITOL LATE BEFORE FIGHTING TO

1833
01:04:33,720 --> 01:04:34,640
KEEP ANOTHER ABORTION RELATED

1834
01:04:34,640 --> 01:04:36,120
BILL OFF THE BOOKS.

1835
01:04:36,120 --> 01:04:37,720
THEY WERE ULTIMATELY SUCCESSFUL

1836
01:04:37,720 --> 01:04:42,440
WHICH IS GREAT, HOWEVER, THE

1837
01:04:42,440 --> 01:04:44,640
LEGISLATORS DECIDED THAT INSTEAD

1838
01:04:44,640 --> 01:04:46,920
OF THWARDING THEIR ABORTION BILL

1839
01:04:46,920 --> 01:04:50,040
THEY WOULD INSTEAD PASS A BAN ON

1840
01:04:50,040 --> 01:04:52,080
KEEPS TRANSGENDER KIDS FROM

1841
01:04:52,080 --> 01:04:52,720
PLAYING SPORTS.

1842
01:04:52,720 --> 01:04:53,920
THEY SEE THESE 2 ISSUES ON THE

1843
01:04:53,920 --> 01:04:55,400
SAME PLAYING FIELD AND TO

1844
01:04:55,400 --> 01:04:58,080
SATISFY THEIR BASE AND ADVANCE

1845
01:04:58,080 --> 01:04:59,840
THEIR AGENDA, ATTACKS ON

1846
01:04:59,840 --> 01:05:01,040
ABORTION AND TRANSGENDER KIDS

1847
01:05:01,040 --> 01:05:02,240
ACHIEVED THE SAME GOAL TO

1848
01:05:02,240 --> 01:05:02,920
MAINTAIN AND ENFORCE A SYSTEM

1849
01:05:02,920 --> 01:05:06,520
THAT PRIVATE SECTOR EDGE WELL

1850
01:05:06,520 --> 01:05:08,960
LISTS CISGENDER AND HETEROSEXUAL

1851
01:05:08,960 --> 01:05:10,400
MEN AHEAD OF ALL OTHER GROUPS.

1852
01:05:10,400 --> 01:05:12,400
SO EARLIER THIS YEAR WITH MYSELF

1853
01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:16,920
AND MY CO AUTHORS DR. PH ILBIN

1854
01:05:16,920 --> 01:05:18,560
AND OTHERS WE PUBLISHED A PAPER

1855
01:05:18,560 --> 01:05:20,280
IN THE JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY

1856
01:05:20,280 --> 01:05:23,040
THAT SOUGHT TO CLAIRIFY THE

1857
01:05:23,040 --> 01:05:25,000
THOUGHT THAT STRUCTURAL SEXISM

1858
01:05:25,000 --> 01:05:28,440
AND STIGMA ARE ROOTED IN THE

1859
01:05:28,440 --> 01:05:36,560
SAME SYSTEM OF OPPRESSION.

1860
01:05:36,560 --> 01:05:37,360
HETEROPATRIARCHY, HIGHLIGHTS HOW

1861
01:05:37,360 --> 01:05:39,120
MALE DOMINANCE IS CENTRAL TO THE

1862
01:05:39,120 --> 01:05:41,960
ORGANIZATION OF A CAPITALIST

1863
01:05:41,960 --> 01:05:43,360
SOCIETY AND FOLLOWING KD--SALLY

1864
01:05:43,360 --> 01:05:44,800
WAWE INCORPORATE THE USE OF

1865
01:05:44,800 --> 01:05:46,000
HETEROGENEOUS ORY AND ALLOWS US

1866
01:05:46,000 --> 01:05:49,560
TO INTERROGATE THE ROLE OF

1867
01:05:49,560 --> 01:05:49,920
HETEROSEXUALITY.

1868
01:05:49,920 --> 01:05:51,840
SO FOR THIS STUDY ISSUES, WE

1869
01:05:51,840 --> 01:05:54,040
USED ALL 5 WAVES OF DATA FROM

1870
01:05:54,040 --> 01:05:56,600
THE NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL DATA

1871
01:05:56,600 --> 01:05:58,320
FROM ADOLESC TONIGHTAD, HEALTH.

1872
01:05:58,320 --> 01:06:00,600
IT'S A POPULATION BASED

1873
01:06:00,600 --> 01:06:02,200
LONGITUDINAL DATA SET THAT BEGAN

1874
01:06:02,200 --> 01:06:04,840
IN 1994 AND HOW 5 WAVES OF

1875
01:06:04,840 --> 01:06:06,200
INFORMATION ON PREGNANCY

1876
01:06:06,200 --> 01:06:08,080
HISTORY, SEC JUL ORIENTATION,

1877
01:06:08,080 --> 01:06:09,840
BIRTH OUTCOMES AND CONTEXTURAL

1878
01:06:09,840 --> 01:06:10,200
FACTORS.

1879
01:06:10,200 --> 01:06:11,920
WE FOCUSED ON BIRTH OUTCOMES

1880
01:06:11,920 --> 01:06:14,440
BECAUSE FIRST THE UNITED STATES

1881
01:06:14,440 --> 01:06:15,560
LAGS COMPARED TO COMPARABLE

1882
01:06:15,560 --> 01:06:17,600
COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF OUR

1883
01:06:17,600 --> 01:06:20,040
MATERNAL AND INFANT HEALTH.

1884
01:06:20,040 --> 01:06:21,800
THERE'S REGIONAL VARIATION IN

1885
01:06:21,800 --> 01:06:22,400
TERMS OF STRUCTURAL PARTICIPATE

1886
01:06:22,400 --> 01:06:24,120
IN A TRIAL REORCH EXPE BIRTH

1887
01:06:24,120 --> 01:06:25,360
OUTCOMES AND BIRTH OUTCOMES HAVE

1888
01:06:25,360 --> 01:06:27,400
BEEN SHOWN TO BE SENSITIVE TO

1889
01:06:27,400 --> 01:06:27,640
CONTEXT.

1890
01:06:27,640 --> 01:06:28,960
THE LONGITUDE OF THE DATA SET IS

1891
01:06:28,960 --> 01:06:31,520
IMPORTANT IN SO FAR IT ALLOWS US

1892
01:06:31,520 --> 01:06:34,280
TO CORRECTLY TIME, ORDER, OUR

1893
01:06:34,280 --> 01:06:36,520
MEASURES, AND ADJUST FOR

1894
01:06:36,520 --> 01:06:37,040
SOCIOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHIC

1895
01:06:37,040 --> 01:06:37,880
CHARACTERISTICS PRIOR TO OR AT

1896
01:06:37,880 --> 01:06:40,520
THE TIME OF BIRTH INCLUDING

1897
01:06:40,520 --> 01:06:41,360
EDUCATION, INSURANCE STATUS,

1898
01:06:41,360 --> 01:06:43,800
RELATIONSHIP STATUS AND AGE.

1899
01:06:43,800 --> 01:06:46,320
SO FOR THE CREATION OF OUR

1900
01:06:46,320 --> 01:06:47,760
SCALE, WE PULLED CONTEXTURAL

1901
01:06:47,760 --> 01:06:49,920
MEASURES FROM 3 RELATED DOMAINS,

1902
01:06:49,920 --> 01:06:51,120
STRUCTURAL SEXISM, WHICH YOU

1903
01:06:51,120 --> 01:06:53,440
HEARD ABOUT IN DR. HOMAN'S

1904
01:06:53,440 --> 01:06:54,880
PRESENTATION EARLIER TODAY WHICH

1905
01:06:54,880 --> 01:06:57,800
CAPTURES THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

1906
01:06:57,800 --> 01:06:58,840
CLIMATE, FAMILY PLANNING

1907
01:06:58,840 --> 01:07:01,640
POLICIES SO WE CAPTURED MULTIPLE

1908
01:07:01,640 --> 01:07:03,880
DIMENSIONS OF ABORTION ACCESS

1909
01:07:03,880 --> 01:07:07,320
AND STIGMA AND LGB RELATED

1910
01:07:07,320 --> 01:07:08,720
POLICIES THAT CAPTURE POLICY

1911
01:07:08,720 --> 01:07:09,200
LEVEL DISCRIMINATION.

1912
01:07:09,200 --> 01:07:10,680
AND YOU WILL NOTICE THAT SAME

1913
01:07:10,680 --> 01:07:12,360
SEX MARRIAGE IS ON HERE AS PART

1914
01:07:12,360 --> 01:07:14,000
OF OUR SKILL THAT IS BECAUSE

1915
01:07:14,000 --> 01:07:16,320
THIS WAS MEASURED FROM THE 2007

1916
01:07:16,320 --> 01:07:18,120
AND 2008 PRIOR TO THE

1917
01:07:18,120 --> 01:07:19,200
LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX

1918
01:07:19,200 --> 01:07:20,520
MARRIAGE AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL.

1919
01:07:20,520 --> 01:07:22,400
SO I WILL TURN TO RESULTS AND

1920
01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:24,520
THESE FROM OUR FULLY ADJUSTED

1921
01:07:24,520 --> 01:07:26,160
MODELS AND YOU CAN SEE A CLEAR

1922
01:07:26,160 --> 01:07:28,600
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUR MEASURE

1923
01:07:28,600 --> 01:07:29,960
OF STRUCTURAL HETEROPATRIARCH

1924
01:07:29,960 --> 01:07:30,960
EXPE BIRTH OUTCOMES.

1925
01:07:30,960 --> 01:07:34,040
SO AS STRUCTURE AFFAIRS TEAM

1926
01:07:34,040 --> 01:07:35,080
LEADER HETEROPATRIARCHY

1927
01:07:35,080 --> 01:07:36,720
INCREASES SO DOES PRETERM BERGT

1928
01:07:36,720 --> 01:07:37,840
AND PREDERM BIRTH WEIGHT GOES

1929
01:07:37,840 --> 01:07:38,040
DOWN.

1930
01:07:38,040 --> 01:07:44,600
WE DID NOT FIND A ISHT ACTION

1931
01:07:44,600 --> 01:07:45,520
BETWEEN STRUCTURAL PATRIARCHY

1932
01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:48,720
THAT SUGGESTS FOR OUR DATA AND

1933
01:07:48,720 --> 01:07:51,320
THIS OUTCOME OUR MODEL HAS

1934
01:07:51,320 --> 01:07:52,760
NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS FOR BIRTH

1935
01:07:52,760 --> 01:07:54,360
OUTCOMES REGARDLESS OF THE

1936
01:07:54,360 --> 01:07:55,240
WOMEN'S SEXUAL IDENTITY.

1937
01:07:55,240 --> 01:07:55,960
WE HAVE PRELIMINARY EVERYDAYS

1938
01:07:55,960 --> 01:08:02,000
THAT LOOKS AT THE LINKS BETWEEN

1939
01:08:02,000 --> 01:08:03,800
STRUCTURAL HETEROPATRIARCHY AND

1940
01:08:03,800 --> 01:08:04,720
AND MATERNAL HYPERTENSION, CAN

1941
01:08:04,720 --> 01:08:06,240
YOU SEE THE AS WILL SCALE GOES

1942
01:08:06,240 --> 01:08:08,600
UP, THE RISK OF MATERNAL

1943
01:08:08,600 --> 01:08:11,720
HYPERTENSION ALSO INCREASES.

1944
01:08:11,720 --> 01:08:13,480
SO OUR RESULTS HAVE SEVERAL

1945
01:08:13,480 --> 01:08:14,920
IMPLICATIONS WE THINK FOR

1946
01:08:14,920 --> 01:08:15,400
DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH.

1947
01:08:15,400 --> 01:08:17,920
FIRST WE FOUND A HIGH LEVEL OF

1948
01:08:17,920 --> 01:08:20,600
CORRELATION BETWEEN OUR

1949
01:08:20,600 --> 01:08:22,960
INICATORS SEXISM, FAMILY

1950
01:08:22,960 --> 01:08:25,320
PLANNING AND LGBT MEASURES.

1951
01:08:25,320 --> 01:08:27,040
THESE SCHOLARS CLAIM THE

1952
01:08:27,040 --> 01:08:29,240
INTERCONNECTED NATURE OF SEX

1953
01:08:29,240 --> 01:08:32,840
GENDER OPPRESSION.

1954
01:08:32,840 --> 01:08:34,720
THE PREVIOUS WORK ALLUDED THAT

1955
01:08:34,720 --> 01:08:36,680
THE FORMS ARE IMPLICATED IN

1956
01:08:36,680 --> 01:08:39,040
REPRODUCTION OF QUALITY AT THE

1957
01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:40,680
INTERFORTUNAL LEVEL, OUR

1958
01:08:40,680 --> 01:08:44,040
DOCUMENTED FINDINGS FIND THESE 3

1959
01:08:44,040 --> 01:08:48,080
SYSTEMIC QUALITIESA THE

1960
01:08:48,080 --> 01:08:50,160
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL.

1961
01:08:50,160 --> 01:08:52,160
AS THE IMPACT SHOWS AREY SULTS

1962
01:08:52,160 --> 01:08:56,480
ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, WE NEED TO

1963
01:08:56,480 --> 01:08:57,720
THINK OF IDENTITY BASED STIGMA

1964
01:08:57,720 --> 01:08:59,600
BUT AS PART OF A LARGER SYSTEM

1965
01:08:59,600 --> 01:09:00,800
OF DISCROSS EXAMINE NATION.

1966
01:09:00,800 --> 01:09:01,640
OUR RESULTS ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO

1967
01:09:01,640 --> 01:09:08,640
THE GROWING WORK THAT SHOWED

1968
01:09:08,640 --> 01:09:11,400
THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] AND STIGMA

1969
01:09:11,400 --> 01:09:14,040
PREDICT FAMILY PLANNING

1970
01:09:14,040 --> 01:09:14,320
OUTCOMES.

1971
01:09:14,320 --> 01:09:16,640
IN THE BEST CASE, THIS CAN

1972
01:09:16,640 --> 01:09:18,440
PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO

1973
01:09:18,440 --> 01:09:20,520
ADDRESS UNDERLYING HEALTH

1974
01:09:20,520 --> 01:09:21,120
DISPARITIES AND IMPROVING THE

1975
01:09:21,120 --> 01:09:23,120
HEALTH AND WELL BEING DURING A

1976
01:09:23,120 --> 01:09:24,680
PERIOD OF PREGNANCY HAS RNT

1977
01:09:24,680 --> 01:09:26,520
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LONG-TERM

1978
01:09:26,520 --> 01:09:27,920
HEALTH OF THE PREGNANT PERSON

1979
01:09:27,920 --> 01:09:32,480
AND THE INFANT.

1980
01:09:32,480 --> 01:09:34,960
NOW LIKE MANY SECONDARY BASIS,

1981
01:09:34,960 --> 01:09:37,040
THERE ARE LIMITATIONINGS TO THIS

1982
01:09:37,040 --> 01:09:37,560
WORK.

1983
01:09:37,560 --> 01:09:39,520
AS MANY DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH

1984
01:09:39,520 --> 01:09:41,040
RESEARCHERS KNOW WE DON'T GET TO

1985
01:09:41,040 --> 01:09:42,800
CONTROL THE CONSISTENCY OR

1986
01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:44,440
CONTENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS

1987
01:09:44,440 --> 01:09:46,280
OR THE CONTEXTURAL MEASURES THAT

1988
01:09:46,280 --> 01:09:46,720
ARE ATTACHED.

1989
01:09:46,720 --> 01:09:48,840
IN THIS CASE WE DIDN'T HAVE ANY

1990
01:09:48,840 --> 01:09:51,080
MEASURES RELATED TO GENDER

1991
01:09:51,080 --> 01:09:52,080
IDENTITY POLICY.

1992
01:09:52,080 --> 01:09:54,520
SO ALL THESE TRANSGENDER ATTACKS

1993
01:09:54,520 --> 01:09:55,680
ON TRANSGENDER PEOPLE WE WERE

1994
01:09:55,680 --> 01:09:57,400
NOT ABLE TO INCORPORATE THOSE

1995
01:09:57,400 --> 01:10:00,120
INTO THE MEASURE BASED UPON THE

1996
01:10:00,120 --> 01:10:00,800
CONTEXTURAL LEVEL BASED ON WHAT

1997
01:10:00,800 --> 01:10:01,920
WAS AVAILABLE TO US.

1998
01:10:01,920 --> 01:10:03,920
WE KNOW THERE'S A HIGH

1999
01:10:03,920 --> 01:10:07,200
CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTACKS ON

2000
01:10:07,200 --> 01:10:10,480
LGB PEOPLE AND GENDER MINORITIES

2001
01:10:10,480 --> 01:10:12,640
SO, WE EXPECT IF ANYTHING THESE

2002
01:10:12,640 --> 01:10:14,080
WOULD COORDINATE REALLY WELL

2003
01:10:14,080 --> 01:10:14,640
WITH OUR SCALE.

2004
01:10:14,640 --> 01:10:16,920
THE OTHER THING IS WE DO NOT

2005
01:10:16,920 --> 01:10:19,000
HAVE A MEASURE OF GENDER

2006
01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:21,360
IDENTITY INCLUDE INDEED THIS

2007
01:10:21,360 --> 01:10:24,600
SURVEY, GENDER IDENT WAS ASKED 5

2008
01:10:24,600 --> 01:10:27,000
WAY 5, THERE WERE ONLY 17

2009
01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:28,880
PREGNANCY TO PEOPLE WHO REPORTED

2010
01:10:28,880 --> 01:10:31,400
THEIR GENDER AS BEING OTHER OR

2011
01:10:31,400 --> 01:10:33,080
MISSING GENDER IDENTITY WHICH

2012
01:10:33,080 --> 01:10:33,720
ISN'T VERY INFORMATIVE.

2013
01:10:33,720 --> 01:10:34,600
WE DON'T ALWAYS GET TO CONTROL

2014
01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:37,440
THE SCALE AND THE CONSISTENCY AT

2015
01:10:37,440 --> 01:10:39,560
WHICH OUR CONTEXTURAL MEASURES

2016
01:10:39,560 --> 01:10:39,880
WERE INCLUDED.

2017
01:10:39,880 --> 01:10:42,800
SO IN OUR CASE SOME OF THESE

2018
01:10:42,800 --> 01:10:43,840
MEASURES WERE--AT THE COUNTY

2019
01:10:43,840 --> 01:10:45,480
LEVEL VERSUS STATE LEVEL AND

2020
01:10:45,480 --> 01:10:47,720
THEY WERE NOT ALWAYS MEASURED

2021
01:10:47,720 --> 01:10:48,680
CONSISTENCY OVERTIME, WE DID

2022
01:10:48,680 --> 01:10:51,440
HOWEVER RESTRICT OUR SAMPLE TO A

2023
01:10:51,440 --> 01:10:53,440
NONMOVER GROUP, WHICH IS 70% OF

2024
01:10:53,440 --> 01:10:54,840
THE POPULATION, WHICH MAY SEEM

2025
01:10:54,840 --> 01:10:57,440
SHOCKING TO MANY ACADEMICS WHO

2026
01:10:57,440 --> 01:10:59,440
HAVE TO MOVE SEVERAL POINTS IN

2027
01:10:59,440 --> 01:11:00,600
THEIR LIFE, HOWEVER MOST OF OUR

2028
01:11:00,600 --> 01:11:02,360
SAMPLE DID NOT MOVE AND OUR

2029
01:11:02,360 --> 01:11:05,920
MODELS WERE ROBUST TO THIS MORE

2030
01:11:05,920 --> 01:11:06,480
STRINGENT SPECIFICATION.

2031
01:11:06,480 --> 01:11:08,840
>>MOVING FORWARD, WE NEED
TO

2032
01:11:08,840 --> 01:11:10,760
CONTINUE TO INTEGRATE SEXUAL AND

2033
01:11:10,760 --> 01:11:12,280
GENDER MINORITY POPULATIONS INTO

2034
01:11:12,280 --> 01:11:13,800
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESEARCH AND

2035
01:11:13,800 --> 01:11:14,480
VICE VERSA.

2036
01:11:14,480 --> 01:11:17,080
FINDING GOOD MEASURES OF SEXUAL

2037
01:11:17,080 --> 01:11:18,920
ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY

2038
01:11:18,920 --> 01:11:20,240
IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SURVEY

2039
01:11:20,240 --> 01:11:21,600
REMAINS A CHALLENGE TO SAY THE

2040
01:11:21,600 --> 01:11:21,800
LEAST.

2041
01:11:21,800 --> 01:11:25,120
AND AS WE CONTINUE TO NAVIGATE A

2042
01:11:25,120 --> 01:11:26,360
CHALLENGE--A CHANGING LEGAL

2043
01:11:26,360 --> 01:11:27,640
LANDSCAPE WE SHOULD KEEP IN MIND

2044
01:11:27,640 --> 01:11:29,360
THAT THE REPEALING OF ROW V.

2045
01:11:29,360 --> 01:11:33,400
WADE AND THE CONTINUE'S PUSH FOR

2046
01:11:33,400 --> 01:11:33,960
POLICIES THAT DISCRIMINATE

2047
01:11:33,960 --> 01:11:35,720
AGAINST SEX AND GENDER

2048
01:11:35,720 --> 01:11:38,920
MINORITIES WILL HAVE A

2049
01:11:38,920 --> 01:11:39,920
DISPROPORTIONATE NEGATIVE IMPACT

2050
01:11:39,920 --> 01:11:42,240
OF PEOPLE OF COLOR AND THIS IS

2051
01:11:42,240 --> 01:11:43,280
WHAT [INDISCERNIBLE] TALKS ABOUT

2052
01:11:43,280 --> 01:11:46,600
WITH WE ARGUES THAT WE LIVE IN A

2053
01:11:46,600 --> 01:11:49,080
WHITE SUPREMACIST WHITE

2054
01:11:49,080 --> 01:11:49,760
PATRIARCHICAL HIERARCHY.

2055
01:11:49,760 --> 01:11:53,400
IMPROVE ON THE PATRIARCHY BOTH

2056
01:11:53,400 --> 01:11:54,360
THEORETICALLY AND METHOD

2057
01:11:54,360 --> 01:11:55,280
LOGICALLY IS REALLY IMPORTANT

2058
01:11:55,280 --> 01:12:01,520
AND I LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR

2059
01:12:01,520 --> 01:12:02,040
QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS.

2060
01:12:02,040 --> 01:12:05,120
>>OH AND THANK TO YOU OUR

2061
01:12:05,120 --> 01:12:10,440
FUNDERS AND COLLABORATORS LISTED

2062
01:12:10,440 --> 01:12:10,640
HERE.

2063
01:12:10,640 --> 01:12:12,360
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH, WE
ARE

2064
01:12:12,360 --> 01:12:13,320
ABOUT 15 MINUTES BEFORE TIME AND

2065
01:12:13,320 --> 01:12:14,920
UP I WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE

2066
01:12:14,920 --> 01:12:16,960
HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO ASK

2067
01:12:16,960 --> 01:12:18,160
THEIR QUESTIONS.

2068
01:12:18,160 --> 01:12:20,600
I'M JUST GOING TO GO DIRECTLY TO

2069
01:12:20,600 --> 01:12:24,520
WHAT'S BEEN PUT IN ONLINE AND

2070
01:12:24,520 --> 01:12:26,000
FOR ANYBODY ELSE IF YOU WANT TO

2071
01:12:26,000 --> 01:12:27,760
ADD YOUR QUESTIONS FEEL FREE AND

2072
01:12:27,760 --> 01:12:30,000
FOR THE PRECEPTORS IF YOU

2073
01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:31,000
WOULDN'T MIND ANSWERING

2074
01:12:31,000 --> 01:12:34,320
QUESTIONS SO WE WON'T GET TO

2075
01:12:34,320 --> 01:12:35,440
EVERYBODY'S; SO FROM REBECCA

2076
01:12:35,440 --> 01:12:37,240
SLEEPER CAN YOU COMMENT ON HOW

2077
01:12:37,240 --> 01:12:39,160
THE RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF GENDER

2078
01:12:39,160 --> 01:12:41,720
VARIABLES CHANGES WITH AGE OR

2079
01:12:41,720 --> 01:12:42,080
DOESN'T CHANGE?

2080
01:12:42,080 --> 01:12:46,440
WOULD ANY OF OUR SPEAKERS LIKE

2081
01:12:46,440 --> 01:12:47,360
TO ANSWER THAT?

2082
01:12:47,360 --> 01:12:55,320
WHAT'S THE ROLE OF AGE IN GENDER

2083
01:12:55,320 --> 01:12:57,560
INFLUENCES YOU SEE?

2084
01:12:57,560 --> 01:13:01,440
>>THIS IS LOUISE,  I CAN
ANSWER

2085
01:13:01,440 --> 01:13:01,800
THAT.

2086
01:13:01,800 --> 01:13:06,040
IF YOU LOOK FOR EXAMPLE AT

2087
01:13:06,040 --> 01:13:10,000
GENDER ROLES, OKAY, A YOUNG

2088
01:13:10,000 --> 01:13:12,120
PERSON YOU KNOW WITH CHILDREN

2089
01:13:12,120 --> 01:13:15,240
HAS DIFFERENT ROLE THAN AN OLDER

2090
01:13:15,240 --> 01:13:17,040
PERSON WITHOUT CHILDREN.

2091
01:13:17,040 --> 01:13:21,760
LET'S TAKE A WOMAN IN THIS

2092
01:13:21,760 --> 01:13:22,920
SITUATION, YOU KNOW, THE

2093
01:13:22,920 --> 01:13:25,520
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

2094
01:13:25,520 --> 01:13:26,920
PERSON'S AIMING AND THEIR ROLE

2095
01:13:26,920 --> 01:13:29,360
WILL BE VERY DIFFERENT.

2096
01:13:29,360 --> 01:13:31,560
OLDER WOMEN IN OUR SOCIETY TO BE

2097
01:13:31,560 --> 01:13:32,600
MORE CAREGIVERS, ALTHOUGH WE

2098
01:13:32,600 --> 01:13:34,800
KNOW MEN ARE TOO BUT GIVEN THAT

2099
01:13:34,800 --> 01:13:35,960
WOMEN LIVE LONGER THEY'RE MORE

2100
01:13:35,960 --> 01:13:37,680
LIKELY TO BE CAREGIVERS.

2101
01:13:37,680 --> 01:13:41,440
SO THAT CERTAINLY WILL HAVE AN

2102
01:13:41,440 --> 01:13:43,840
IMPACT ON THEIR HEALTH AND THEN

2103
01:13:43,840 --> 01:13:45,640
AT THE YOUNGER AGE THERE WILL BE

2104
01:13:45,640 --> 01:13:49,120
LOTS OF, YOU KNOW MULTIPLE TASK,

2105
01:13:49,120 --> 01:13:51,840
MULTITASKING, EXPECTATIONS AND

2106
01:13:51,840 --> 01:13:52,800
ALL THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] FAMILY

2107
01:13:52,800 --> 01:13:58,160
SO YES, FOR SURE, AGE AND THE

2108
01:13:58,160 --> 01:14:03,680
AND RELATION, YOU KNOW WILL VARY

2109
01:14:03,680 --> 01:14:05,760
WITH AGE.

2110
01:14:05,760 --> 01:14:08,560
>>OKAY, SO THANK YOU

2111
01:14:08,560 --> 01:14:08,840
DR. PILOTE.

2112
01:14:08,840 --> 01:14:11,600
COULD WE FOR ANY OF THE

2113
01:14:11,600 --> 01:14:13,440
PANELISTS COULD YOU DISCUSS HOW

2114
01:14:13,440 --> 01:14:14,480
YOU CONCEPTUALIZE GENDER

2115
01:14:14,480 --> 01:14:16,640
ATTRIBUTES IN TRAITS IN YOUR

2116
01:14:16,640 --> 01:14:18,840
MEASUREMENTS, DIFFERENTLY FROM

2117
01:14:18,840 --> 01:14:21,600
GENDER STEREOTYPES AND THE WAYS

2118
01:14:21,600 --> 01:14:24,120
YOUR MEASURMENTS MAY CHALLENGE

2119
01:14:24,120 --> 01:14:27,360
OR REINFORCE THE STEREOTYPES.

2120
01:14:27,360 --> 01:14:37,440
>>WELL, MAYBE I WILL
START ON

2121
01:14:37,440 --> 01:14:38,040
THAT 1.

2122
01:14:38,040 --> 01:14:39,600
SO GENDER TRAITS, GENDER

2123
01:14:39,600 --> 01:14:42,480
IDENTITY, ALL THESE THINGS, WORK

2124
01:14:42,480 --> 01:14:46,920
WITH STEREOTYPES IN A CULTURE.

2125
01:14:46,920 --> 01:14:48,880
THERE IS SOMETHING CALLED THE

2126
01:14:48,880 --> 01:14:52,200
DIFFERENCE DILEMMA THAT IF YOU

2127
01:14:52,200 --> 01:14:54,200
ACTUALLY CALL OUT STEREOTYPES,

2128
01:14:54,200 --> 01:14:55,360
YOU'RE REINFORCING THEM BUT IF

2129
01:14:55,360 --> 01:14:56,800
YOU IGNORE THEM, YOU'RE JUST

2130
01:14:56,800 --> 01:15:00,320
LETTING THEM GO ON WITHOUT

2131
01:15:00,320 --> 01:15:04,280
CONSCIOUSLY WORKING AGAINST

2132
01:15:04,280 --> 01:15:05,120
THEM.

2133
01:15:05,120 --> 01:15:06,520
SO, OUR GENDER, THE GENDER

2134
01:15:06,520 --> 01:15:09,560
VARIABLES THAT WE HAVE

2135
01:15:09,560 --> 01:15:10,320
IDENTIFIED EMERGE FROM THE

2136
01:15:10,320 --> 01:15:14,480
CULTURE AND YES THEY WILL HAVE A

2137
01:15:14,480 --> 01:15:16,760
CORRELATION TO STEREOTYPES, WE

2138
01:15:16,760 --> 01:15:19,040
ARE NOT ADVOCATING THEM BUT WE

2139
01:15:19,040 --> 01:15:24,040
ARE BEING AWARE OF THEM AND HOW

2140
01:15:24,040 --> 01:15:26,120
THEY WORK WITH HEALTH ISSUES AND

2141
01:15:26,120 --> 01:15:29,160
HOPEFULLY THAT WILL HELP PEOPLE

2142
01:15:29,160 --> 01:15:30,000
OVERCOME THE STEREOTYPES.

2143
01:15:30,000 --> 01:15:33,520
LL OF MY WORK IS AIMED AT

2144
01:15:33,520 --> 01:15:34,800
OVERCOMING STEREOTYPES MIGHT BE

2145
01:15:34,800 --> 01:15:37,080
MAKING PEOPLE CONSCIOUS OF THEM

2146
01:15:37,080 --> 01:15:43,360
AND YOU CAN ACCEPT OR REJECT OR

2147
01:15:43,360 --> 01:15:43,760
REVISE.

2148
01:15:43,760 --> 01:15:45,560
>>THIS IS A RELATED
QUESTION WE

2149
01:15:45,560 --> 01:15:48,560
RECEIVED AND THIS IS DIRECTED

2150
01:15:48,560 --> 01:15:49,760
TOWARDS DR. PILOTE, HOW DO

2151
01:15:49,760 --> 01:15:51,960
GENDER NORMS AND TRAITS IN

2152
01:15:51,960 --> 01:15:54,360
RELATION CHANGE AS PEOPLE WITH

2153
01:15:54,360 --> 01:15:55,520
DIFFERENT BIOLOGIES START TO

2154
01:15:55,520 --> 01:15:56,960
IESHES DENTIFY WITH GENDER

2155
01:15:56,960 --> 01:15:59,240
LABELS AND I SHOULD SAY THAT WE

2156
01:15:59,240 --> 01:16:00,680
RECENTLY GOT DATA FROM

2157
01:16:00,680 --> 01:16:01,760
CALIFORNIA WHERE FROM

2158
01:16:01,760 --> 01:16:04,680
ADOLESCENTS WHERE 

2159
01:16:04,680 --> 01:16:07,480
ADOLESCENTS A THIRD OF THE

2160
01:16:07,480 --> 01:16:08,800
POPULATION EYE SCHOOL STUDENTS

2161
01:16:08,800 --> 01:16:14,120
DID NOT IDENTIFY WITH THE

2162
01:16:14,120 --> 01:16:16,920
TRADITIONAL MALE/FEMALE BINARY.

2163
01:16:16,920 --> 01:16:18,160
>>YEAH, MY 17 YEAR-OLD
DAUGHTER

2164
01:16:18,160 --> 01:16:20,400
ONCE TOLD ME JUST, YOU KNOW DO

2165
01:16:20,400 --> 01:16:24,360
AWAY WITH GENDER AND JUST

2166
01:16:24,360 --> 01:16:26,320
MEASURE WHO PEOPLE ARE AND I

2167
01:16:26,320 --> 01:16:29,520
THOUGHT IT WAS QUITE INSIGHTFUL

2168
01:16:29,520 --> 01:16:31,280
BECAUSE, YOU KNOW DEPENDING ON

2169
01:16:31,280 --> 01:16:34,320
YOUR GENDER IDENTITY, YOU KNOW

2170
01:16:34,320 --> 01:16:35,760
NOT DEPENDING PUBLISHED ALMOST

2171
01:16:35,760 --> 01:16:38,760
LIKE REGARDLESS OF IT, YOU KNOW,

2172
01:16:38,760 --> 01:16:39,600
RATHER, PEOPLE WOULD HAVE ROLES

2173
01:16:39,600 --> 01:16:41,520
AND THEY WOULD HAVE EXPECTATIONS

2174
01:16:41,520 --> 01:16:43,440
OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THEY

2175
01:16:43,440 --> 01:16:45,640
WILL HAVE, YOU KNOW RELATIONS

2176
01:16:45,640 --> 01:16:48,040
WITH THEIR PEERS AND ALL THAT

2177
01:16:48,040 --> 01:16:49,920
AND THEN, YOU KNOW WE WANT TO

2178
01:16:49,920 --> 01:16:54,200
KNOW WHETHER THESE FACTORS

2179
01:16:54,200 --> 01:16:55,280
INFLUENCE HOW THEY ACCESS HEALTH

2180
01:16:55,280 --> 01:16:56,800
AND HOW THEY RESPOND TO

2181
01:16:56,800 --> 01:16:58,000
TREATMENT, YOU KNOW AND ALL

2182
01:16:58,000 --> 01:16:59,440
THAT, SO, IN A WAY, YOU KNOW

2183
01:16:59,440 --> 01:17:02,840
IT'S THE SAME THING WITH SEXUAL

2184
01:17:02,840 --> 01:17:06,280
ORIENTATION, PEOPLE TELL US,

2185
01:17:06,280 --> 01:17:08,760
DOES THAT--DOES GENDER ISHT ACT

2186
01:17:08,760 --> 01:17:09,280
WITH SEXAL ORIENTATION?

2187
01:17:09,280 --> 01:17:10,560
WELL IT'S THE SAME THING, YOU

2188
01:17:10,560 --> 01:17:12,280
HAVE TO YOU KNOW TO MEASURE SOME

2189
01:17:12,280 --> 01:17:15,520
OF THE GENDER RELATED ATTRIBUTES

2190
01:17:15,520 --> 01:17:18,720
THAT YOU KNOW BOTH LONDA AND OUR

2191
01:17:18,720 --> 01:17:21,040
TEAM HAVE IDENTIFIED THAT AS YOU

2192
01:17:21,040 --> 01:17:23,360
KNOW POTENTIALLY BEING, YOU KNOW

2193
01:17:23,360 --> 01:17:24,640
GENDER RELATED AND IT AFFECTING

2194
01:17:24,640 --> 01:17:26,440
HEALTH EMPLOY SO IN A WAY I

2195
01:17:26,440 --> 01:17:27,560
DON'T THINK IT CHANGES.

2196
01:17:27,560 --> 01:17:33,240
IT'S JUST A MATTER OF REALLY

2197
01:17:33,240 --> 01:17:39,480
MEASURING YOU KNOW THOSE

2198
01:17:39,480 --> 01:17:40,440
POTENTIALLY IMPACTFUL FACTORS.

2199
01:17:40,440 --> 01:17:44,160
>>AND THEN FOR DR.
NEILSEN, THE

2200
01:17:44,160 --> 01:17:46,360
IDENTIFY FACTORS APPEAR TO

2201
01:17:46,360 --> 01:17:48,680
DIRECTLY TO HEALTH, SO WHY WOULD

2202
01:17:48,680 --> 01:17:51,720
YOU ALIGN THOSE FACTORS WITH

2203
01:17:51,720 --> 01:17:52,960
GENDER LABELS?

2204
01:17:52,960 --> 01:17:54,920
>>YEAH, SO, I THINK THE

2205
01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:57,840
IMPORTANT THING HERE IS TO SORT

2206
01:17:57,840 --> 01:18:00,520
OF OPEN UP FOR A BROADER

2207
01:18:00,520 --> 01:18:01,920
THINKING ABOUT WHAT A GENDER

2208
01:18:01,920 --> 01:18:04,680
ACTUALLY IS AND THE DIFFERENT

2209
01:18:04,680 --> 01:18:07,400
DIMENSIONS OF THAT AND HEREBY

2210
01:18:07,400 --> 01:18:09,920
PROVIDING A DIFFERENT VARIABLES

2211
01:18:09,920 --> 01:18:10,440
TO CAPTURE THIS.

2212
01:18:10,440 --> 01:18:12,280
THIS IS ALSO FOR A BETTER

2213
01:18:12,280 --> 01:18:14,160
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW GENDER

2214
01:18:14,160 --> 01:18:15,800
RELATED FACTORS MAY MATTER IN

2215
01:18:15,800 --> 01:18:17,160
RELATION TO A SPECIFIC DISEASE

2216
01:18:17,160 --> 01:18:17,880
FOR INSTANCE.

2217
01:18:17,880 --> 01:18:19,840
SO, YOU CAN THINK ABOUT THIS

2218
01:18:19,840 --> 01:18:21,840
ALSO AS A PROCESS WHERE STUDIES

2219
01:18:21,840 --> 01:18:23,240
MAY START LOOKING INTO THIS MORE

2220
01:18:23,240 --> 01:18:24,640
BROADLY AND IN THE LONG RUN

2221
01:18:24,640 --> 01:18:25,920
UNDERSTAND WHICH OF THESE

2222
01:18:25,920 --> 01:18:28,600
FACTORS MAY BE THE CRITICAL 1S

2223
01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:32,000
TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT.

2224
01:18:32,000 --> 01:18:33,680
AND AS WE POINT TO IN OUR PAPER,

2225
01:18:33,680 --> 01:18:36,000
OF COURSE THIS IS AN ONGOING

2226
01:18:36,000 --> 01:18:36,920
PROCESS, IT'S IMPORTANT TO POINT

2227
01:18:36,920 --> 01:18:39,120
OUT THAT MANY OF THE EXISTING

2228
01:18:39,120 --> 01:18:41,640
MEASURES HERE ARE PRETTY OLD

2229
01:18:41,640 --> 01:18:42,600
ACTUALLY AND THERE'S STILL A LOT

2230
01:18:42,600 --> 01:18:44,000
OF WORK TO BE DONE AS YOU POINT

2231
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:45,760
TO YOURSELF ALSO WITH THE

2232
01:18:45,760 --> 01:18:46,800
EXAMPLES FROM CALIFORNIA NOW,

2233
01:18:46,800 --> 01:18:49,360
THAT THERE MAY BE NEW WAYS OF

2234
01:18:49,360 --> 01:18:51,280
THINKING ABOUT GENDER AND NEW

2235
01:18:51,280 --> 01:18:53,320
WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING WHY GENDER

2236
01:18:53,320 --> 01:18:54,960
IS ESPECIALLY AT THE TRAIT OR

2237
01:18:54,960 --> 01:18:57,360
THE IDENTITY LEVEL THAT WE NEED

2238
01:18:57,360 --> 01:18:58,640
TO CAPTURE BETTER AND

2239
01:18:58,640 --> 01:18:59,360
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH WILL BE

2240
01:18:59,360 --> 01:19:04,440
VERY IMPORTANT AS PART OF THAT

2241
01:19:04,440 --> 01:19:05,200
AS WELL.

2242
01:19:05,200 --> 01:19:06,720
>>YEAH, THANK YOU SO
MUCH.

2243
01:19:06,720 --> 01:19:08,680
SO I WAS GOING TO ASK THE

2244
01:19:08,680 --> 01:19:10,880
QUESTION TO DR. FELDMAN AND

2245
01:19:10,880 --> 01:19:13,720
[INDISCERNIBLE] NEXT AND THEN WE

2246
01:19:13,720 --> 01:19:15,480
WILL HANDOFF TO THE AUDIENCE,

2247
01:19:15,480 --> 01:19:17,040
BUT I THOUGHT I HEARD SOMEBODY?

2248
01:19:17,040 --> 01:19:20,080
>>I WAS GOING TO SAY IN
TERMS

2249
01:19:20,080 --> 01:19:20,800
OF MEASURING GENDER, SOME OF THE

2250
01:19:20,800 --> 01:19:22,880
STUFF THAT I HAVE DONE WITH THE

2251
01:19:22,880 --> 01:19:23,920
CHICAGO HEALTH AND LIFE

2252
01:19:23,920 --> 01:19:25,440
PRESENCES OF WOMEN STUDY WHICH

2253
01:19:25,440 --> 01:19:28,400
IS A STUDY PI BY DR. HUGHS AND

2254
01:19:28,400 --> 01:19:30,840
THE GENDER MEASURES THAT ARE

2255
01:19:30,840 --> 01:19:32,760
INCLUDED IN THERE, ARE MORE

2256
01:19:32,760 --> 01:19:35,560
GENERAL IN TERMS THAT THEY DON'T

2257
01:19:35,560 --> 01:19:36,520
REALLY--THEY'RE NOT REALLY TIED

2258
01:19:36,520 --> 01:19:40,640
TO KIND OF A SPECIFIC STEREO

2259
01:19:40,640 --> 01:19:42,040
TYPICAL IDENTITY OR BEHAVIOR.

2260
01:19:42,040 --> 01:19:44,160
THEY'RE MORE LIKE HOW DO YOU HAD

2261
01:19:44,160 --> 01:19:47,080
OF-HOW MASCULINE OR FEMININE DO

2262
01:19:47,080 --> 01:19:47,920
YOU PERCEIVE YOURSELF?

2263
01:19:47,920 --> 01:19:50,040
HOW MASCULINE OR FEMININE DO

2264
01:19:50,040 --> 01:19:50,880
OTHERS PERCEIVE YOU?

2265
01:19:50,880 --> 01:19:52,640
SO YOU HAVE INTERNAL AND

2266
01:19:52,640 --> 01:19:55,080
EXTERNAL EVALUATION AND WHAT WE

2267
01:19:55,080 --> 01:19:56,480
HAVE FOUND IS IT'S NOT JUST THE

2268
01:19:56,480 --> 01:19:58,120
MEASURE OF GENDER BUT THERE'S A

2269
01:19:58,120 --> 01:19:59,640
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL MEANING

2270
01:19:59,640 --> 01:20:01,520
ATTACHED TO DIFFERENT FORMS OF

2271
01:20:01,520 --> 01:20:03,280
MASKUE LYNNITY AND

2272
01:20:03,280 --> 01:20:03,840
FEMININITYENTIOUS SPECIALLY

2273
01:20:03,840 --> 01:20:05,120
WITHIN THE QUEER COMMUNITY AND

2274
01:20:05,120 --> 01:20:07,760
WE FOUND THAT SELF-PERCEIVED AND

2275
01:20:07,760 --> 01:20:10,880
THE WAY THAT OTHERS PERCEIVED

2276
01:20:10,880 --> 01:20:14,400
GENDER, VALUATION HAD DIFFERENT

2277
01:20:14,400 --> 01:20:15,960
IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPERIENCES OF

2278
01:20:15,960 --> 01:20:18,200
STIGMA BASED ON UPON THE QUEER

2279
01:20:18,200 --> 01:20:18,720
WOMEN'S RACE.

2280
01:20:18,720 --> 01:20:21,160
SO FOR BLACK WOMEN AND WHITE

2281
01:20:21,160 --> 01:20:23,120
WOMEN THE HISTORICAL ATTACHMENT

2282
01:20:23,120 --> 01:20:25,440
FORS GENDER NANOG CONFORMITY FOR

2283
01:20:25,440 --> 01:20:27,880
WOMEN WERE VERY POWERFUL FOR THE

2284
01:20:27,880 --> 01:20:29,200
SECOND WAVE FEMINIST MOVEMENT

2285
01:20:29,200 --> 01:20:31,480
BUT FOR BLACK WOMEN WHO WERE

2286
01:20:31,480 --> 01:20:32,560
OFTEN EXCLUDED FROM THIS

2287
01:20:32,560 --> 01:20:35,160
MOVEMENT THEY DID NOT, THEY

2288
01:20:35,160 --> 01:20:38,840
DON'T HAVE THE SAME SORT OF

2289
01:20:38,840 --> 01:20:40,600
HISTORICAL ATTACHMENT TO

2290
01:20:40,600 --> 01:20:41,640
REJECTING TRADITIONAL FEMININE

2291
01:20:41,640 --> 01:20:47,480
NORMS THAT YOU SAW IN A LOT OF

2292
01:20:47,480 --> 01:20:47,760
MOVEMENTS.

2293
01:20:47,760 --> 01:20:49,200
THERE'S REALLY, REALLY GREAT

2294
01:20:49,200 --> 01:20:50,920
HISTORICAL WORK ON THIS BUT WE

2295
01:20:50,920 --> 01:20:51,640
FOUND THAT THERE'S STILL

2296
01:20:51,640 --> 01:20:54,200
PLANNING OUT SOME OF THOSE STUDY

2297
01:20:54,200 --> 01:20:59,520
TO GENERATION BY RACE AMONG

2298
01:20:59,520 --> 01:20:59,960
QUEER WOMEN.

2299
01:20:59,960 --> 01:21:01,240
>>I AM GOING IN THIS
DIRECTION,

2300
01:21:01,240 --> 01:21:06,080
I THINK THE QUESTION FOR YOU IS

2301
01:21:06,080 --> 01:21:08,880
THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] CROSS ROADS

2302
01:21:08,880 --> 01:21:11,280
WHERE THERE ARE JUST KIND OF

2303
01:21:11,280 --> 01:21:11,720
DIFFERENT GENERATIONAL

2304
01:21:11,720 --> 01:21:13,680
RESPONSES. 

2305
01:21:13,680 --> 01:21:14,840
WE SEE IT AROUND THE

2306
01:21:14,840 --> 01:21:16,840
[INDISCERNIBLE] IN TERMS OF THE

2307
01:21:16,840 --> 01:21:18,240
LANGUAGE OF INCLUSIVITY,

2308
01:21:18,240 --> 01:21:20,600
RELATIVE TO THE DESIRE TO HEAR

2309
01:21:20,600 --> 01:21:23,040
THE WORD WOMAN AFFECTED.

2310
01:21:23,040 --> 01:21:26,840
WE HEAR IT, YOU KNOW YOU'RE

2311
01:21:26,840 --> 01:21:29,080
LOOKING AT THIS HETERONORMATIVE

2312
01:21:29,080 --> 01:21:30,600
PATRIARCHY PIECE WHICH REALLY

2313
01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:34,240
BRIDGES THE IDEA OF GENDER WITH

2314
01:21:34,240 --> 01:21:36,280
IDENTITY, WITH SEXUAL

2315
01:21:36,280 --> 01:21:42,600
ORIENTATION OR AFFINITY.

2316
01:21:42,600 --> 01:21:44,720
I'M CURIOUS TO YOU AS YOU'RE

2317
01:21:44,720 --> 01:21:47,280
TAKING THIS WORK OUT WHICH DOES

2318
01:21:47,280 --> 01:21:48,920
PRESENT WITH A CERTAIN LENS

2319
01:21:48,920 --> 01:21:50,120
THAT'S MORE REFLECTIVE OF WHAT

2320
01:21:50,120 --> 01:21:52,440
IS BEING SEEN IN YOUNGER

2321
01:21:52,440 --> 01:21:55,520
GENERATIONS, DO YOU FIND A

2322
01:21:55,520 --> 01:21:58,640
GENERATIONAL DIVIDE IN TERMS OF

2323
01:21:58,640 --> 01:21:59,240
RESPONSIVENESS TO THAT?

2324
01:21:59,240 --> 01:22:01,440
ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS JUST BEING

2325
01:22:01,440 --> 01:22:01,800
FULL FORWARD.

2326
01:22:01,800 --> 01:22:03,600
WE'RE GOING TO ELECTRIC AT

2327
01:22:03,600 --> 01:22:09,000
PERCENT OF REPUBLICAN, THESE ARE

2328
01:22:09,000 --> 01:22:09,880
BOLD VIEWS.

2329
01:22:09,880 --> 01:22:11,320
SO I'M CURIOUS WHAT ARE THE

2330
01:22:11,320 --> 01:22:19,160
RESPONSE FROM THE FIELD ON

2331
01:22:19,160 --> 01:22:19,360
THESE?

2332
01:22:19,360 --> 01:22:20,080
>>MY IMPRESSION IS
POSITIVE

2333
01:22:20,080 --> 01:22:24,960
WHICH I THINK IS GOOD, BUT IT'S

2334
01:22:24,960 --> 01:22:29,480
FOR ME TOO, I'M ALWAYS, ALWAYS

2335
01:22:29,480 --> 01:22:30,560
LEARNING AND STRIVING TO

2336
01:22:30,560 --> 01:22:32,000
INCORPORATE NEW IDEAS AND

2337
01:22:32,000 --> 01:22:32,240
CONCEPTS.

2338
01:22:32,240 --> 01:22:33,880
I MEAN 1 OF THE THINGS I

2339
01:22:33,880 --> 01:22:35,600
CONTINUE TO WRESTLE WITH IN

2340
01:22:35,600 --> 01:22:39,640
TERMS OF THINKING ABOUT THE

2341
01:22:39,640 --> 01:22:40,640
STRUCTURAL HETEROPATRIARCHY

2342
01:22:40,640 --> 01:22:45,120
MEASURE BEING FOCUSED ON LGBT

2343
01:22:45,120 --> 01:22:47,880
POLICIES, FAMILY PLANNING AND

2344
01:22:47,880 --> 01:22:49,440
STRUCTURAL RACISM, HOW DOES

2345
01:22:49,440 --> 01:22:50,360
STRUCTURAL RACISM FIT IN HERE

2346
01:22:50,360 --> 01:22:52,360
AND THERE'S A PIECE THAT CAME

2347
01:22:52,360 --> 01:22:57,840
OUT A COUPLE WEEKS AGO ABOUT

2348
01:22:57,840 --> 01:22:59,000
INCLUDING ANTIABORTION POLICIES

2349
01:22:59,000 --> 01:22:59,880
INTO STRUCTURAL RACISM MEASURES

2350
01:22:59,880 --> 01:23:05,800
AND I SOMETIMES I START TO

2351
01:23:05,800 --> 01:23:07,360
WONDER IF HOW MANY POLICIES WE

2352
01:23:07,360 --> 01:23:09,440
CAN PACK INTO A SCALE TO GET

2353
01:23:09,440 --> 01:23:11,400
LIKE BAD STATE SCALE OR GOOD

2354
01:23:11,400 --> 01:23:12,920
STATE SCALE AND IF YOU'RE JUST

2355
01:23:12,920 --> 01:23:14,480
HIGHLIGHTING EVERYTHING ARE YOU

2356
01:23:14,480 --> 01:23:17,120
THEN SAYING NOTHING?

2357
01:23:17,120 --> 01:23:21,680
AND HOW TO BE FLEXIBLE BUT ALSO

2358
01:23:21,680 --> 01:23:23,160
TARGETED AND SO THAT IS

2359
01:23:23,160 --> 01:23:24,560
SOMETHING THAT I AM SORT OF

2360
01:23:24,560 --> 01:23:25,800
WRESTLING WITH AND I KNOW IT IS

2361
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:29,080
SOMETHING THAT YOU KNOW OTHER

2362
01:23:29,080 --> 01:23:30,160
SCHOLARS YOU KNOW EVEN YOUNGER

2363
01:23:30,160 --> 01:23:36,080
THAN ME, WHO MAY BE CRITICAL OF

2364
01:23:36,080 --> 01:23:38,520
THAT, I AM OPENING TO LISTENING

2365
01:23:38,520 --> 01:23:39,800
AND LEARNING AND WE ALL HAVE TO

2366
01:23:39,800 --> 01:23:41,800
TRIEF TO DO AS WE GET MORE AND

2367
01:23:41,800 --> 01:23:45,440
MORE SILOED WITHIN OUR FIELDS.

2368
01:23:45,440 --> 01:23:47,080
>>DR. FELDMAN DID YOU
WANT TO

2369
01:23:47,080 --> 01:23:48,680
ADD ANYTHING?

2370
01:23:48,680 --> 01:23:50,400
>>YEAH, I THINK THE 1
THINK

2371
01:23:50,400 --> 01:23:52,120
THIS WE'RE INTERESTED, WE DID

2372
01:23:52,120 --> 01:23:53,400
GET A COLLEGE STUDENT WHO WAS

2373
01:23:53,400 --> 01:23:55,320
TRYING TO HIT A PIECE ABOUT IT

2374
01:23:55,320 --> 01:23:57,680
AND WHO WE JUST IGNORED AND

2375
01:23:57,680 --> 01:23:59,440
WROTE IT ANYWAY, BUT 1 THING AS

2376
01:23:59,440 --> 01:24:02,240
WE THINK ABOUT THE PUSH BACK IS

2377
01:24:02,240 --> 01:24:05,040
THE IRONY IS OBVIOUSLY

2378
01:24:05,040 --> 01:24:05,560
HETEROPATRIARCHY AFFECTS

2379
01:24:05,560 --> 01:24:07,200
EVERYBODY SO THE PUSH BACK WE

2380
01:24:07,200 --> 01:24:08,880
GOT WAS A MORE CONSERVATIVE

2381
01:24:08,880 --> 01:24:11,120
BASED ON THE PHOTO WE SAW OF

2382
01:24:11,120 --> 01:24:13,800
HIM, YOU KNOW WHITE PRESENTING

2383
01:24:13,800 --> 01:24:14,080
CIS MALE.

2384
01:24:14,080 --> 01:24:16,840
>>AND IT WAS A
CONSERVATIVE

2385
01:24:16,840 --> 01:24:18,240
NEWS PAPER.

2386
01:24:18,240 --> 01:24:19,320
>>THESE FACTORS CONSTRAIN
HIM

2387
01:24:19,320 --> 01:24:19,880
AS WELL, RIGHT?

2388
01:24:19,880 --> 01:24:21,680
SO WE TEND TO OBVIOUSLY THINK

2389
01:24:21,680 --> 01:24:23,880
ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THESE

2390
01:24:23,880 --> 01:24:25,720
POLICIES ON POPULATIONS THAT ARE

2391
01:24:25,720 --> 01:24:27,840
MOST MARGINALIZED AND EVEN WITH

2392
01:24:27,840 --> 01:24:29,880
STRUCTURAL SEXISM IN THE WORK

2393
01:24:29,880 --> 01:24:31,920
THAT DR. HOMAN HAS DONE AND IT

2394
01:24:31,920 --> 01:24:33,120
AFFECTS CIS MEN AS WELL AND I

2395
01:24:33,120 --> 01:24:34,960
THINK WE NEED TO THINK BROADLY

2396
01:24:34,960 --> 01:24:36,560
ABOUT HOW TO COMMUNICATE WHO

2397
01:24:36,560 --> 01:24:38,720
THIS WORK IMPACTS AND WHY.

2398
01:24:38,720 --> 01:24:42,000
I THINK 1 OF THE CHALLENGES THAT

2399
01:24:42,000 --> 01:24:43,400
BETHANY ALLUDED TO IS THE

2400
01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:44,560
BALANCE OF TRYING TO CAPTURE

2401
01:24:44,560 --> 01:24:47,960
EVERYTHING THAT IS GOING ON AND

2402
01:24:47,960 --> 01:24:50,480
KIND OF FIGURE OUT THE SO WHAT

2403
01:24:50,480 --> 01:24:53,720
IN SO THERE'S THIS SORT OF

2404
01:24:53,720 --> 01:24:54,360
CONCEPTUAL INTELLECTUAL CONCEPT

2405
01:24:54,360 --> 01:24:55,120
ABOUT WHAT MATTERS AND AT THE

2406
01:24:55,120 --> 01:24:57,080
END OF THE DAY, WE HAVE TO GET

2407
01:24:57,080 --> 01:24:58,120
IT THROUGH REVIEW PANELS AND WE

2408
01:24:58,120 --> 01:25:00,320
GET THE COMMENT OF WHAT POLICY

2409
01:25:00,320 --> 01:25:01,120
DO WE CHANGE.

2410
01:25:01,120 --> 01:25:02,400
AND IT'S LIKE WE LIVE IN A WORLD

2411
01:25:02,400 --> 01:25:04,080
WITH HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS OF

2412
01:25:04,080 --> 01:25:05,520
POLICIES, NO 1 POLICY IS GOING

2413
01:25:05,520 --> 01:25:06,000
TO FIX EVERYTHING.

2414
01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:07,440
SO I THINK IT IS THE CHALLENGE

2415
01:25:07,440 --> 01:25:10,320
OF TRYING TO THINK ABOUT

2416
01:25:10,320 --> 01:25:11,960
THEORETICALLY WHAT WE KNOW,

2417
01:25:11,960 --> 01:25:13,160
LOGISTICALLY WHAT WE CAN STUDY

2418
01:25:13,160 --> 01:25:13,880
BASED ON EXISTING DAILY BASIS

2419
01:25:13,880 --> 01:25:15,320
THEA SETS AND VARIABLES AND THEN

2420
01:25:15,320 --> 01:25:16,840
WHAT WE CAN GET FUNDED TO DO AND

2421
01:25:16,840 --> 01:25:18,480
IT'S HARD TO FIND THAT DIAGRAM

2422
01:25:18,480 --> 01:25:20,120
OF WHAT'S IN THE MIDDLE.

2423
01:25:20,120 --> 01:25:21,640
>>AND I'M GOING TO WE
HAVE 2

2424
01:25:21,640 --> 01:25:23,040
MINUTES SO HERE'S WHAT I'M GOING

2425
01:25:23,040 --> 01:25:26,840
TO ASK PEOPLE TO DO.

2426
01:25:26,840 --> 01:25:29,000
I KNOW THAT NIH WANTS TO HEAR

2427
01:25:29,000 --> 01:25:30,680
FROM ALL OF US.

2428
01:25:30,680 --> 01:25:33,080
THE PANELISTS AS WELL AS

2429
01:25:33,080 --> 01:25:33,920
PARTICIPANTS.

2430
01:25:33,920 --> 01:25:37,920
WHAT DO YOU WANT?

2431
01:25:37,920 --> 01:25:39,760
START TACKLING THESE ISSUES?

2432
01:25:39,760 --> 01:25:41,360
RESEARCH PRIORITIES ARE NEEDED?

2433
01:25:41,360 --> 01:25:44,800
I WILL ASK EVERYBODY TO THROW UP

2434
01:25:44,800 --> 01:25:47,080
TELL ME IN THE CHAT OR Q&A
THAT

2435
01:25:47,080 --> 01:25:57,560
WOULD BE BEST FOR A PIECE OF

2436
01:25:58,760 --> 01:25:59,640
FEEDBACK?

2437
01:25:59,640 --> 01:25:59,880
>>Q&A.

2438
01:25:59,880 --> 01:26:01,280
>>OKAY BEING IF EVERYONE
WOULD

2439
01:26:01,280 --> 01:26:03,680
WRITE SOMETHING IN THE Q&A,
THIS

2440
01:26:03,680 --> 01:26:06,080
IS OUR TIME, OUR VOICE TO GET

2441
01:26:06,080 --> 01:26:07,160
THIS OUT THERE.

2442
01:26:07,160 --> 01:26:12,960
JUST EVERYBODY WRITE AS FAST AS

2443
01:26:12,960 --> 01:26:13,960
CAN YOU.

2444
01:26:13,960 --> 01:26:15,440
I'M GOING TO STAY AND KEEP THIS

2445
01:26:15,440 --> 01:26:16,400
OPEN AND PLEASE JUST WRITE AND

2446
01:26:16,400 --> 01:26:18,400
WE WILL GO FOR ANOTHER 3 MINUTES

2447
01:26:18,400 --> 01:26:20,040
KNOW THAT I'M PRESSING INTO

2448
01:26:20,040 --> 01:26:25,560
THEIR TIME, PLEASE GO AHEAD.

2449
01:26:25,560 --> 01:26:30,160
>>CAN I ASK BETHANY AND
MORGAN

2450
01:26:30,160 --> 01:26:30,560
A QUESTION?

2451
01:26:30,560 --> 01:26:33,640
, IF IT'S VERY QUICK BECAUSE WE

2452
01:26:33,640 --> 01:26:35,920
HAVE TO GET BACK TO THE 4:00.

2453
01:26:35,920 --> 01:26:38,160
>>I WAS WONDERING WHY YOU

2454
01:26:38,160 --> 01:26:39,280
DIDN'T INCLUDE TRANSGENDER IN

2455
01:26:39,280 --> 01:26:39,720
YOUR STUDIES.

2456
01:26:39,720 --> 01:26:41,120
I CAN IMAGINE BUT I WAS

2457
01:26:41,120 --> 01:26:44,120
WONDERING WHAT YOU'RE REASONS

2458
01:26:44,120 --> 01:26:44,320
ARE.

2459
01:26:44,320 --> 01:26:45,520
>>IT WASN'T AVAILABLE TO
US IN

2460
01:26:45,520 --> 01:26:47,960
THE POLICY SO THE WAY IT WORKS

2461
01:26:47,960 --> 01:26:50,600
IS AT THE TIME OF INTERVIEW,

2462
01:26:50,600 --> 01:26:52,560
THEY WILL TAKE THE LOCATION BUT

2463
01:26:52,560 --> 01:26:53,440
THEN IT'S HIDDEN THROUGH

2464
01:26:53,440 --> 01:26:54,600
RESEARCHERS AND YOU HAVE TO GO

2465
01:26:54,600 --> 01:26:56,760
THROUGH A BIG PROCESS OF

2466
01:26:56,760 --> 01:26:57,960
APPLYING TO GET CONTEXTURAL

2467
01:26:57,960 --> 01:27:02,040
MEASURES MERGED IN AND I BELIEVE

2468
01:27:02,040 --> 01:27:05,400
SO, SO, WINDY MANNING THE PI ON

2469
01:27:05,400 --> 01:27:06,360
ADDING THE LGBI POLICY MEASURES

2470
01:27:06,360 --> 01:27:09,320
AND I THINK THEY WANTED TO HAVE

2471
01:27:09,320 --> 01:27:11,280
TRANSGENDER POLICIES AREYALATED

2472
01:27:11,280 --> 01:27:12,280
BECAUSE OF DEDUCTIVE DISCLOSURE

2473
01:27:12,280 --> 01:27:13,600
REASONS THEY WERE TAKEN OUT.

2474
01:27:13,600 --> 01:27:15,160
SO WE'RE HOPING THAT IN THE

2475
01:27:15,160 --> 01:27:17,520
FUTURE WE CAN GET SEXUAL

2476
01:27:17,520 --> 01:27:19,360
ORIENTATION MEASURES ON MORE ARE

2477
01:27:19,360 --> 01:27:20,120
PRODUCTIVE SURVEYS THAT WOULD

2478
01:27:20,120 --> 01:27:23,280
ALLOW US TO DO MORE AVAILABLE

2479
01:27:23,280 --> 01:27:23,560
POLICIES.

2480
01:27:23,560 --> 01:27:24,200
>>THAT'S USUALLY THE
ANSWER

2481
01:27:24,200 --> 01:27:25,280
WITH POLICY RESEARCH IS WE WANT

2482
01:27:25,280 --> 01:27:28,200
TO DO BUT THE DATA SET WON'T

2483
01:27:28,200 --> 01:27:32,000
ALLOW IT. 

2484
01:27:32,000 --> 01:27:34,040
>>ISN'T THAT EVERYTHING?

2485
01:27:34,040 --> 01:27:34,360
>>OH DATA.

2486
01:27:34,360 --> 01:27:36,640
>>SO WE DO HAVE TO CLOSE
THIS 1

2487
01:27:36,640 --> 01:27:39,640
AND GO BACK TO THE MAIN SESSION,

2488
01:27:39,640 --> 01:27:41,600
BUT I DID PUT THE LINK IN THE

2489
01:27:41,600 --> 01:27:43,280
CHAT FOR OUR FEEDBACK FORM.

2490
01:27:43,280 --> 01:27:44,840
YOU WILL SEE IT BACK IN THE MAIN

2491
01:27:44,840 --> 01:27:47,520
SESSION TO ANSWER DR. RAJ'S

2492
01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:47,880
QUERY.

2493
01:27:47,880 --> 01:27:48,760
AND THANK YOU ALL.

2494
01:27:48,760 --> 01:27:50,640
THIS HAS BEEN SUCH A PHENOMENAL

2495
01:27:50,640 --> 01:27:52,520
SESSION AND I WILL SEE YOU IN

2496
01:27:52,520 --> 01:27:55,360
THE OTHER ROOM IN 30-SECONDS.

2497
01:27:55,360 --> 01:27:56,280
THANK YOU, THANKS FOR ALLOWING

2498
01:27:56,280 --> 01:27:57,000
ME TO HOST.

2499
01:27:57,000 --> 01:28:08,960
IT WAS A GREAT