1 00:00:05,080 --> 00:01:05,360 >>WELCOME 2 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:07,320 >>FIRST, I WOULD LIKE TO START 3 00:01:07,320 --> 00:01:09,000 WITH ACKNOWLEDGING THE LAND ON 4 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,400 WHICH I WORK AND THIS LAND 5 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:13,520 ACKNOWLEDGMENT SERVES AS A 6 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:14,880 REMINDER OF THE COMPLEX 7 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:18,080 HISTORIES OF WHERE WE ARE AND A 8 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:20,440 RECOGNITION OF THE HISTORICAL 9 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:22,240 AND ONGOING CONFLICTS AND 10 00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:23,480 STRUGGLES AROUND LANDS, WATER 11 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:26,080 AND AIR THAT PERSIST TODAY. 12 00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:27,480 THE LAND ON WHICH BROWN 13 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:31,520 UNIVERSITY IS LOCATED IS THE 14 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:34,040 ANCESTRAL HOME LAND OF THE 15 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:36,160 NARRAGANSETT INDIAN TRIBE AND 16 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:38,800 REMAINS THE HOME OF INDIGENOUS 17 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:41,200 PEOPLE ACROSS TURTLE ISLAND. 18 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:43,920 THE HISTORIES OF THIS LAND ARE 19 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:46,120 SHALED BY EXPLOITATION OF 20 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:47,560 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE NATIVE TO THIS 21 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:49,240 LAND AND THOSE WHO CAME HERE BY 22 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:51,560 FORCE AS A RESULT OF SLAVERY, 23 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:53,440 CLONISM AND IMPEERISM. 24 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:55,880 WHEN WE ENTER ANY SPACE, WE MUST 25 00:01:55,880 --> 00:01:59,040 BRING THESE INTERCONNECTED 26 00:01:59,040 --> 00:01:59,480 HISTORIES INTO VIEW. 27 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:01,160 WITH THIS KNOWLEDGE, WE ENTER 28 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:03,200 AND MEET HERE IN THE HOPES OF 29 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:05,160 CREATING A DIFFERENT, MORE JUST 30 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:10,360 AND EQUITABLE WORLD. 31 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:12,560 SO TODAY, FOR MY BRIEF REMARKS, 32 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:14,760 I WILL START BY DISCUSSING 33 00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:16,880 GENDER, SOCIAL INEQUITIES AND 34 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:18,800 IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION 35 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:19,480 HEALTH, BROADLY. 36 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:21,200 I WILL THEN MOVE ON TO DISCUSS 37 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:23,240 THE MODIFIABLE FACTORS THAT 38 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:24,720 DRIVE GENDER BIAS AND 39 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,040 DISCRIMINATION IN CLINICAL 40 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:27,880 CONTEXT, AS WELL AS 41 00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:29,560 INTERVENTIONS THAT MAY HELP 42 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:31,280 ADVANCE GENDER EQUITY IN 43 00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:32,480 CLINICAL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 44 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:34,120 AND AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 45 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:35,040 AND SYSTEMS. 46 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:37,000 AFTER THAT, WE WILL HEAR FROM 47 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:39,600 THREE LEADING RESEARCHERS IN 48 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:43,040 THIS FIELD INCLUDING DR. A BRUME 49 00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:47,360 BRUME, DR. A McMcAND DR. A 50 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:49,000 SAL SAL, WHO WILL PRESENT THEIR 51 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:49,360 WORK. 52 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:51,040 SO FIRST OF ALL, WHAT IS GENDER 53 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:54,120 AND WHY DOES IT MATTER FOR 54 00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:54,480 HEALTH? 55 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:57,560 SO GENDER, AS WE HEARD ABOUT 56 00:02:57,560 --> 00:03:00,520 EARLIER THROUGHOUT THE DAY, IS A 57 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:01,920 MULTI-LEVEL, MULTI-DIMENSIONAL 58 00:03:01,920 --> 00:03:04,080 AND HISTORICALLY-CONTINGENT 59 00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:05,040 SOCIAL CONSTRUCT. 60 00:03:05,040 --> 00:03:07,200 IT CONSISTS OF VARIOUS 61 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:09,400 COMPONENTS SUCH AS GENDER 62 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:11,560 IDENTITY, ROLES, BEHAVIORS, 63 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:14,120 NORMS, NETWORKS, SYSTEMS AND 64 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:15,360 REGIMES AND OPERATES WITHIN AND 65 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,880 ACROSS MULTIPLE SOCIAL DOMAINS, 66 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:19,800 SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONS, 67 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:22,320 INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO 68 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:23,320 EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND OF 69 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:25,480 COURSE HEALTH CARE, WHICH I'LL 70 00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:27,120 BE FOCUSING ON TODAY. 71 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:28,960 ALSO, IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE 72 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:31,840 THAT GENDER VARIES ACROSS BOTH 73 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:34,280 TIME AND SPACE SUCH THAT 74 00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:36,640 HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, 75 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:37,960 ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT 76 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:40,000 ALL MATTER FOR HOW WE THINK 77 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:43,720 ABOUT AND ACT OUT GENDER. 78 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:46,040 FUNDAMENTALLY, GENDER IS ABOUT 79 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:48,600 THE COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC SOCIAL, 80 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:51,440 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL 81 00:03:51,440 --> 00:03:53,760 RELATIONSHIPS THAT EXIST AMONG 82 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:54,400 GEND ERRED SOCIAL GROUPS ACROSS 83 00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:57,120 THE GENDER CONTINUUM. 84 00:03:57,120 --> 00:03:58,760 AND THESE RELATIONSHIPS MATTER 85 00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:02,440 BECAUSE THEY SHAPE THE UNEQUAL 86 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:03,440 AND INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF 87 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:04,600 POWER AS WELL AS SOCIAL, 88 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:06,680 ECONOMIC AND HEALTH CARE 89 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:09,680 RESOURCES AMONG MARGINALIZED AND 90 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:11,360 PRIVILEGED GENDERED GROUPS. 91 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:12,880 ADDITIONALLY, GENDER BOTH SHAPES 92 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:16,480 AND IS SHAPED BY SEXISM AND 93 00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:17,320 CISGENDERRISM, WHICH ARE POWER 94 00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:20,120 RELATIONS THAT DRIVE GENDER BIAS 95 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:21,320 AND DISCRIMINATION AND ARE 96 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:23,040 LINKED TO BROADER IDEOLOGYIES 97 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:26,240 AND STRUCTURES INCLUDING 98 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:27,640 HETEROPATRIARCHY AND SIS NORM 99 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:27,920 ACTIVITY. 100 00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:29,720 ALSO IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER 101 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:33,040 THAT SEXISM, CISGENDERRISM AND 102 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:34,920 GENDER DON'T OPERATE IN A VACUUM 103 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:37,520 OR IN THE SAME WAY ACROSS SOCIAL 104 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:38,120 GROUPS. 105 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:40,160 RATHER, GENDER AND GENDER 106 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:43,200 DISCRIMINATION ARE 107 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:45,880 CO-CONSTITUTED BY RACE 108 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:48,000 ETHNICITIES, RACISM AND CLASS, 109 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:49,960 CLASSISM, HETEROSEXISM AND 110 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:51,360 DISABILITY AND ABLEISM AMONG 111 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:54,800 OTHER SOCIAL INEQUITY. 112 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:56,160 LASTLY, DECADES OF POPULATION 113 00:04:56,160 --> 00:04:57,880 HEALTH RESEARCH SHOWS THAT 114 00:04:57,880 --> 00:05:00,600 GENDER, SEXISM AND CISGENDERRISM 115 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:08,520 ARE KEY SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 116 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:16,520 HEALTH. 117 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:18,480 FIRST WITH REGARD TO CLINICAL 118 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:19,480 PRACTICE, RESEARCH STUDIES IN 119 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:21,040 WHICH GENDER WAS LARGELY 120 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:23,320 CONCEPTUALIZED AS A BINARY AND 121 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:25,640 THAT LARGELY FOCUSED ON 122 00:05:25,640 --> 00:05:27,120 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SHOW THAT 123 00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:30,160 GENDER STEREOTYPES AND BIAS 124 00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:32,400 UNDERMINE DIAGNOSE ACCURACY FOR 125 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:34,160 WOMEN, WHICH IN TURN LEADS TO 126 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:36,120 GENDER BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION 127 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:37,720 IN THE RECOMMENDATION OF 128 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:40,200 CLINICAL SERVICES SUCH AS 129 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:41,360 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 130 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:42,040 TREATMENT. 131 00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:44,040 AMONG TRANSGENDER AND NON-BINARY 132 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:46,680 PEOPLE, STUDIES INDICATE THAT 133 00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:48,440 CISGENDERRISM IS PERVASIVE IN 134 00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:51,200 CLINICAL SETTINGS AND LINKED TO 135 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:52,520 MEDICAL MISTRUST AS WELL AS POOR 136 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:53,960 PATIENT PROVIDER COMMUNICATION 137 00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:57,360 AND DENIAL OF NEEDED CARE ALL OF 138 00:05:57,360 --> 00:05:59,480 WHICH UNDERMINE THE RECEIPT OF 139 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,840 HIGH-QUALITY CARE AND INCREASED 140 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:06,600 DELAYS AND FOREGOING CARE IN 141 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:17,040 THIS MINORITY POPULATION. 142 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:20,520 THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF BOTH 143 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,080 SEXISM AND CISGENDERRISM IN 144 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:24,480 CLINICAL PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN 145 00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:26,520 AND GENDER MY NOR TIESED PEOPLE 146 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:29,960 ARE COMPOUNDED BY RACIAL, 147 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:30,720 ETHNIC, CLASS, SEXUAL 148 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:32,240 ORIENTATION AND OTHER FORMS OF 149 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:34,760 BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION THAT 150 00:06:34,760 --> 00:06:35,320 ALSO UNDER MY HIGH QUALITY 151 00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:45,560 CLINICAL CARE. 152 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:54,760 SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS INDICATE 153 00:06:54,760 --> 00:06:57,320 NOTABLE LIMITATION IN THE 154 00:06:57,320 --> 00:06:58,040 CONCEPTUALIZATION, MEASUREMENT, 155 00:06:58,040 --> 00:06:59,640 ANALYSIS AND REPORTING OF GENDER 156 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:03,120 IN CLINICAL STUDIES. 157 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:04,040 THIRD, RESEARCH ALSO SHOWS THAT 158 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:07,360 THERE ARE PRONOUNCED GENDER 159 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:08,000 INEQUITIES IN THE COMPENSATION 160 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:09,760 AND WORKLOAD, HOURS AND 161 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:11,160 EXPECTATIONS OF PHYSICIANS AND 162 00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:14,000 NURSES WITH WOMEN RECEIVING 163 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:14,600 LOWER SALARIES THAN THEIR MALE 164 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:17,440 COUNTERPARTS AND ENGAGING IN 165 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:20,000 HIGHER LEVELS OF EHR AND DIRECT 166 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:21,200 PATIENT WORK. 167 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:22,520 ADDITIONALLY, STUDIES ALSO 168 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:26,080 INDICATE PERVASIVE GENDER BIAS 169 00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:27,400 AND HARASSMENT OF WOMEN 170 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:29,040 PROVIDERS BY TEACHERS, 171 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:30,080 COLLEAGUES, PATIENTS AND MEDICAL 172 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:32,160 SCHOOLS AND INSTITUTIONS AS WELL 173 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:36,080 AS NOTABLE GENDER INEQUITIES IN 174 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:37,000 HEALTH CARE LEADERSHIP. 175 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:39,400 RESEARCH ALSO SHOWS ELEVATED 176 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:40,840 LEVELS OF WORK LIFE CONFLICTS 177 00:07:40,840 --> 00:07:41,800 AND POOR MENTAL HEALTH AMONG 178 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:43,640 WOMEN PROVIDERS 179 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:45,520 DISPROPORTIONATELY. 180 00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:47,320 LASTLY, WITH REGARD TO PROVIDERS 181 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:49,040 OWN GENDER BIAS AND 182 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:50,200 DISCRIMINATION, STUDIES SHOW 183 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:53,160 THAT PROVIDERS TEND TO LACK 184 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:56,840 KNOWLEDGE OF AND DISPLAY BIAS 185 00:07:56,840 --> 00:08:00,280 TOWARDS TRANSGENDER HEALTH CARE 186 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:01,040 IN PARTICULAR. 187 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:03,080 FINALLY, RESEARCH INDICATES THAT 188 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:03,640 RESTRICTIVE GENDER NORMS AND 189 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:05,600 HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS AND 190 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:06,120 INSTITUTIONS UNDERMINE THE 191 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:09,680 HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF WOMEN 192 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:11,120 AND GENDER MY NOR TIESED 193 00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:13,120 PATIENCE AND PROVIDERS ALIKE. 194 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:15,120 IN PARTICULAR, PERVASIVE 195 00:08:15,120 --> 00:08:17,840 RESTRICTIVE GENDER NORMS AND 196 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:21,080 STEREOTYPES LEAD TO THE 197 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:22,800 PRIORITIZATION OF CAROL FOCUSED 198 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:23,520 ON ONE'S SEX ASSIGNED AT BIRTH 199 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:25,200 AS WELL AS GENDER EXPECTATIONS 200 00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:26,680 ABOUT THE USE AND NON USE OF 201 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:27,040 HEALTH SERVICES. 202 00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:30,200 A LARGE BODY OF WORK HAS ALSO 203 00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:31,240 SHOWN THAT STRUCTURAL AND 204 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,520 SYSTEMIC SEXISM AND 205 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:34,840 CISGENDERRISM IN HEALTH CARE 206 00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:35,600 SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONS 207 00:08:35,600 --> 00:08:38,480 INCREASE BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE 208 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:40,440 AMONG WOMEN AND GENDER MY NOR 209 00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:43,040 TIDES PEOPLE FURTHER COMPOUNDED 210 00:08:43,040 --> 00:08:46,400 BY RACISM, CLASSISM, XENOPHOBIA, 211 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:47,720 AMONG OTHER QUALITIES. 212 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:50,640 LASTLY, RESEARCH ALSO INDICATES 213 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:51,320 THAT GENDER BIAS AND 214 00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:52,400 DISCRIMINATION IN CLINICAL 215 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:54,320 PRACTICE AND RESEARCH AND AMONG 216 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:55,160 HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AND 217 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:56,800 SYSTEMS ARE SHAPED AND 218 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:58,600 REINFORCED BY GENDER INEQUITIES 219 00:08:58,600 --> 00:09:00,920 OUTSIDE OF THE CLINICAL CONTEXT, 220 00:09:00,920 --> 00:09:05,080 INCLUDING GENDERED SOCIAL NORMS, 221 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:06,240 LAWS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES 222 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:08,840 ACROSS ALL SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND 223 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:09,840 INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETY MORE 224 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:10,560 BROADLY. 225 00:09:10,560 --> 00:09:15,280 SO IN TERMS OF CLINICAL 226 00:09:15,280 --> 00:09:16,080 INTERVENTIONS, I'LL BREEZE 227 00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:17,160 THROUGH THESE AND I THINK WE'LL 228 00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:20,040 HAVE THE SLIDES AVAILABLE BUT I 229 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:21,920 DO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT A FEW 230 00:09:21,920 --> 00:09:23,520 POINTS BEFORE WE TURN TO OUR 231 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:24,120 SPEAKERS WHO WILL PROVIDE MORE 232 00:09:24,120 --> 00:09:26,800 DEPTH ON THESE TOPICS. 233 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:27,800 SO THERE IS RESEARCH SUGGESTING 234 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:31,400 THAT THE USE OF CLINICAL 235 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:33,120 DECISION AIDS AND STANDARDIZED 236 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:34,000 PROTOCOLS CAN HELP DECREASE 237 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:38,120 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PROVIDER 238 00:09:38,120 --> 00:09:38,840 CLINICAL SERVICES AS WELL AS 239 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:41,000 EVIDENCE THAT CLINICIAN 240 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:42,200 INFORMATION EXCHANGE NETWORKS 241 00:09:42,200 --> 00:09:44,800 CAN HELP INCREASE DIAGNOSIS 242 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:47,120 ACCURACY AND DECREASE GENDER AND 243 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:49,840 RACIAL BIAS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 244 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:51,240 ADDITIONALLY, THERE IS PROMISING 245 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:52,520 EVIDENCE OF THE EQUITABLE 246 00:09:52,520 --> 00:09:54,320 COLLECTION AND USE OF GENDER 247 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:58,200 DATA IN CLINICAL PRACTICE CAN 248 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,120 HELP INCREASE DISCRIMINATION IN 249 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:02,160 CLINICAL SETTINGS. 250 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:04,240 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT EXPAND 251 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:07,280 PARTICIPATION TO GENDERED GROUPS 252 00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:08,240 THAT MAY BE SYSTEMATICALLY 253 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:09,800 EXCLUDED AS WELL AS PROMOTE 254 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:12,000 GENDER EQUITY AND CLINICAL TRIAL 255 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:13,440 LEADERSHIP MAY PROVIDE AVENUES 256 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:15,840 FOR ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS AND 257 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:19,080 DISCRIMINATION IN CLINICAL 258 00:10:19,080 --> 00:10:19,680 SETTINGS AS WELL AS THINKING 259 00:10:19,680 --> 00:10:22,320 ABOUT WHO IS INCLUDED AND NOT 260 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:24,120 INCLUDED IN STUDIES AS WELL AS 261 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:26,160 HOW THIS GENDER CONCEPTUALIZED. 262 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:28,120 SO THINKING ABOUT 263 00:10:28,120 --> 00:10:31,840 CONCEPTUALIZING GENDER AS A 264 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:32,960 MULTI-LEVEL, MULTI-DIMENSIONAL 265 00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:35,160 SOCIAL CONSTRUCT MEASURING ARE 266 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:36,120 GENDER BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION 267 00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:38,640 AT MULTIPLE LEVELS AND DOMAINS 268 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:40,000 AND REPORTING GENDER STRATIFIED 269 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:43,040 IN GENDER-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS. 270 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:44,600 THERE ARE ALSO PROMISING 271 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,440 INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO HEALTH 272 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:49,600 CARE PROVIDERS AROUND WORK 273 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:51,040 EXPECTATIONS, HOURS AND LOAD AND 274 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:53,640 SUPPORTING WOMEN AND GENDER MY 275 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:55,880 NOR TIESED PEOPLE IN CAREER 276 00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:57,600 LEADERSHIP IN CLINICAL SETTINGS, 277 00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,680 AS WELL AS IN ADDRESSING GENDER 278 00:10:59,680 --> 00:11:02,760 BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION IN 279 00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:13,120 CLINICAL INSTITUTIONS. 280 00:11:22,120 --> 00:11:24,160 ALLOCATING RESOURCES FOR 281 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:26,680 IDENTIFYING AND RECOLLECT VYING 282 00:11:26,680 --> 00:11:27,400 GENDER BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION. 283 00:11:27,400 --> 00:11:29,080 AND LASTLY, GLOBAL HEALTH 284 00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:33,440 RESEARCH SHOWS THAT COMMUNITY 285 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:34,320 ORGANIZATIONING AND SOCIAL 286 00:11:34,320 --> 00:11:36,720 MOVEMENT THAT PROMOTE GENDER 287 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:39,600 EQUITY CAN ALSO POSITIVELY 288 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:41,360 IMPACT GENDER EQUITY WITHIN 289 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:43,400 CLINIC WALLS. 290 00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:45,960 SO, WITH THAT BRIEF OVERVIEW, WE 291 00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:49,360 WILL NOW TURN TO DR. AMAYA 292 00:11:49,360 --> 00:11:52,840 PEREZ-BRUMER WHO WILL SPEAK 293 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:55,360 ABOUT PrEP RESEARCH MISTRUST 294 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:57,280 AND THE DILEMMA OF BEING A KEY 295 00:11:57,280 --> 00:11:58,440 POPULATION AND THEN 296 00:11:58,440 --> 00:11:59,160 DR. CATHERINE MCKINLEY SPEAKING 297 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:00,600 ABOUT UNDERSTANDING INDIGENOUS 298 00:12:00,600 --> 00:12:02,240 GENDER RELATIONS AND STRUCTURAL 299 00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:05,680 VIOLENCE AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 300 00:12:05,680 --> 00:12:08,280 DR. ARGHAVAN SALLES WHO WILL 301 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:10,240 SPEAK ABOUT THE IMPACT OF GENDER 302 00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:15,280 BIAS AND HARASSMENT: THANK YOU 303 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:15,560 VERY MUCH. 304 00:12:15,560 --> 00:12:19,400 I WILL GLADLY TURN IT ON TO EYE 305 00:12:19,400 --> 00:12:19,680 BRUME BRUME. 306 00:12:19,680 --> 00:12:23,600 >>AMAYA PEREZ-BRUMER: 307 00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:34,120 WONDERFUL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 308 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:38,720 GOOD MORNING OR GOOD AFTERNOON. 309 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:39,680 I'M HOP ORD TO BE HERE WITH YOU 310 00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:40,160 TODAY TO SHARE MY, WHO. 311 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:42,840 MY NAME IS AMAYA PEREZ-BRUMER, A 312 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:44,120 CRITICAL GLOBAL HEALTH SCHOLAR 313 00:12:44,120 --> 00:12:44,920 TRAINED IN BOTH PUBLIC HEALTH 314 00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:47,400 AND SOCIOLOGY AND IN THE SYSTEM 315 00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:49,760 PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 316 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:50,840 TORONTO, ADDITIONALLY I'M A 317 00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:54,440 CANADA RESEARCH CHAIR IN GLOBAL 318 00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:57,760 HEALTH INTERVENTION JUSTICE. 319 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:03,800 THIS TALK TODAY IS GIVEN FROM 320 00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:04,080 TKARONTO. 321 00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:06,120 A WORD KNOWN IN ENGLISH AS 322 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:07,320 TORONTO. 323 00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:10,320 TORONTO CONSISTS OF CEDDED LAND, 324 00:13:10,320 --> 00:13:13,040 COVERED UNDER TORONTO TREATY 325 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:13,680 THIRTEEN AS WELL AS UNCEDED LAND 326 00:13:13,680 --> 00:13:15,360 THAT CONTINUES TO BE CONTESTED. 327 00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:17,760 I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE 328 00:13:17,760 --> 00:13:19,640 TRADITIONAL TERRITORIES OF THE 329 00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:23,720 MISSISSAUGA OF THE NEW CREDIT 330 00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:25,120 FIRST NATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLES 331 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:26,920 ON WHICH THE UNIVERSITY OF 332 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:29,760 TORONTO NOW STANDS AND ON WHICH 333 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:31,360 I'M CURRENTLY ON. 334 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:31,880 I ALSO RECOGNIZE THAT AS A 335 00:13:31,880 --> 00:13:34,640 SETTLER LIVING ON STOLEN LAND, I 336 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:36,720 BENEFIT DAILY FROM THE ONGOING 337 00:13:36,720 --> 00:13:38,880 VIOLENCES AND THE LEGACIES OF 338 00:13:38,880 --> 00:13:39,360 COLONIALISM. 339 00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:40,000 I HAVE AN ONGOING RESPONSIBILITY 340 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:42,600 TO LEARN ABOUT THE LAND ON WITH 341 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:45,120 I'M LIVING TO CEDE POWER TO 342 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,040 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND TO AMPLIFY 343 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:52,440 ONGOING PROJECTS OF INDIGENOUS 344 00:13:52,440 --> 00:13:57,360 RESURGE EXPENSE IS SOVEREIGNTY. 345 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,120 SO, I AM VENEZUELAN, AMERICAN 346 00:13:59,120 --> 00:14:00,680 AND AFTER FIVE YEARS LIVING IN 347 00:14:00,680 --> 00:14:04,440 TORONTO, A CANADIAN PERMANENT 348 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:04,680 RESIDENT. 349 00:14:04,680 --> 00:14:05,440 SPANISH IS MY FIRST LANGUAGE AND 350 00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:07,280 I IDENTIFY AS LATINA. 351 00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:08,400 IT'S TELLING I'M AFFORDED THE 352 00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:10,280 HONOR AND THE PRIVILEGE TO BE 353 00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:11,480 HERE WITH YOU TODAY. 354 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:13,960 I AM I CISGENDER WOMAN AND DO 355 00:14:13,960 --> 00:14:15,160 NOT TAKE LIGHTLY THE PRIVILEGE 356 00:14:15,160 --> 00:14:16,320 OF SHARING THESE FINDINGS AND 357 00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:19,440 MOST IMPORTANTLY, LEARNINGS FROM 358 00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:21,320 WHAT I HAVE BEEN TAUGHT BY 359 00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:22,320 NUMEROUS TRANS WOMEN IN PERU. 360 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:24,880 IN SHARING THESE LESSONS, OUR 361 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:30,560 TASK IS TO PUSH TOWARDS 362 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:30,920 ACCOUNTABILITY. 363 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:32,840 MY WORK CENTERED ON THE MAKING 364 00:14:32,840 --> 00:14:35,080 AND ANALYZING OF DATA AND ALSO 365 00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:38,880 THE ANALYZING OF THE MAKING OF 366 00:14:38,880 --> 00:14:39,160 THE DATA. 367 00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:41,400 SO WHO GETS TO DO HEALTH EQUITY 368 00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:41,720 RESEARCH? 369 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:45,280 AND WHO ARE ITS BENEFICIARIES? 370 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:46,880 SPECIFICALLY I STUDY THE WAYS IN 371 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:50,600 WHICH POWER, SEXUALITY AND 372 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:52,600 GENDER ARE ENTANGLED WITH 373 00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:53,640 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO HIV 374 00:14:53,640 --> 00:14:53,920 SCIENCE. 375 00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:56,360 ON THIS SLIDE YOU WILL SEE A 376 00:14:56,360 --> 00:15:00,040 PHOTO OF VARIOUS MEMBERS FROM A 377 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:00,680 COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATION IN 378 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:01,760 LIMA. 379 00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:03,480 THE TEXAS -- THE TEXT IS SMALL 380 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:06,440 BUT IT READS PERUVIAN 381 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:07,200 TRANSGENDER WOMEN SAY THEY WANT 382 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:09,600 MORE LEADERSHIP ROLLS IN STUDIES 383 00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:10,560 INVOLVING THEM AS SUBJECTS. 384 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:12,000 I WANT TO BE CLEAR, THAT 385 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,640 POLITICS AND POWER ARE CENTRAL 386 00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:16,720 TO MY TALK. 387 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:18,280 UNDERSTANDING GENDER AS A SOCIAL 388 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:20,080 AND CULTURAL DETERMINANT OF 389 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:22,480 HEALTH CANNOT BE DISENTANGLED 390 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:24,200 FROM THE POLITICS AND POWER OF 391 00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:28,400 WHO GETS TO DO THIS RESEARCH. 392 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:29,840 LEARNING FROM TRANS WOMEN IN 393 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:31,360 PERU WHERE I HAVE BEEN 394 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:33,640 CONDUCTING RESEARCH SINCE 2009, 395 00:15:33,640 --> 00:15:36,160 THIS IS A PROVOCATION TO URGE US 396 00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:36,840 ALL TO THINK ABOUT OUR OWN 397 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:37,880 SOCIAL LOCATION, OUR PRIVILEGE 398 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:40,520 AND MOST IMPORTANTLY OUR 399 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:46,240 RESPONSIBILITY AS RESEARCHERS. 400 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:49,560 SO WHY STUDY GENDER AND POLITICS 401 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:50,920 OF HIV PREVENTION? 402 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:51,760 THE FOURTH DECADE OF HIV AND 403 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:54,680 AIDS HAS USHERED IN A NEW ERA OF 404 00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:56,480 HOW AND WHAT RESEARCH ON THE 405 00:15:56,480 --> 00:15:58,960 VIRUS IS CONDUCTED AND IT'S 406 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:01,520 EXPLICIT FOCUS ON 407 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:02,200 PHARMACEUTICAL-BASED PREVENTION 408 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:05,480 AND THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES AT 409 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:05,680 PLAY. 410 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:07,320 THE ADVENT OF PRE-EXPOSURE 411 00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:10,160 PROPHYLAXIS OR PrEP, IS A 412 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:11,520 REMARKABLE INNOVATION TO PREVENT 413 00:16:11,520 --> 00:16:13,000 HIV ACQUISITION. 414 00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:15,920 IT'S DEVELOPMENT HAS LED TO A 415 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:18,000 BOOM IN RESEARCH AMONG 416 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,240 POPULATIONS MOST AT RISK AND 417 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:22,960 THUS MOST IN NEED OF PrEP. 418 00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:25,760 PEOPLE CLASSIFY AS QUOTE/UNQUOTE 419 00:16:25,760 --> 00:16:30,080 AS MSM AND ESPECIALLY TRANSWOMEN 420 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:31,120 ARE CENTRAL IN THIS FOCUS. 421 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,920 THE SHIFT TO PREVENTION AND 422 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:36,120 EMPHASIS ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF 423 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:37,720 PEOPLE NECESSITATES A RETHINKING 424 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:39,360 OF THE POLITICS OF DATA 425 00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:41,640 EXTRACTION FROM PEOPLE OF 426 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:43,680 DIVERSE GENDERS AND SEX ALTS IN 427 00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:52,200 THE PURSUIT OF HIV PREVENTION 428 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:52,440 RESEARCH. 429 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:53,080 PERU IS CENTRAL TO THE TESTING 430 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:55,240 OF HIV STRATEGIES. 431 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:57,400 THE FACT THAT PERU CONTRIBUTED 432 00:16:57,400 --> 00:16:59,480 MORE THAN 50% OF THE GLOBAL 433 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:01,840 SAMPLE FOR THE WATERSHED STUDY 434 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:03,960 THAT SPARKED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES 435 00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:08,120 IN BOTH GLOBAL POLICY AND 436 00:17:08,120 --> 00:17:08,760 ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC ACTIONS TO 437 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:13,880 SUPPORT PrEP FOR HIV 438 00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:14,160 PREVENTION. 439 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:15,960 TODAY, MORE THAN A DECADE AFTER 440 00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:17,000 PrEP, THE EVIDENCE CONTINUES 441 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:21,080 TO REFLECT A BURDEN OF HIV IN 442 00:17:21,080 --> 00:17:23,160 EXCEEDINGLY HIGH BURDEN AMONG 443 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:25,840 THE VERY COMMUNITIES THAT 444 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:29,240 PARTICIPATED AND ADVANCED THIS 445 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:29,760 KNOWLEDGE. 446 00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:31,760 AVAILABLE CONVENIENT SAMPLES IN 447 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:32,480 PERU REPORT THAT HIV PREVALENCE 448 00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:37,120 IS ESTIMATED TO BELIEVE AROUND 449 00:17:37,120 --> 00:17:38,520 15% FOR THOSE CLASSIFIED AS MSM 450 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:40,720 AND ALMOST DOUBLE THAT CLOSE TO 451 00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:42,080 30% FOR TRANSWOMEN. 452 00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:47,360 SO WHILE THIS STARK HIV -- 453 00:17:47,360 --> 00:17:49,920 PREVALENCE EVIDENCES THE URGENT 454 00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:51,840 NEED FOR TREATMENT AND 455 00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:53,160 PREVENTION, PREVENTION SCIENCE 456 00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:55,600 SPECIFICALLY ON PrEP AND AMONG 457 00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:58,520 CERTAIN POPULATIONS DOMINATES 458 00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:03,600 RESEARCH AGENDAS AND RESEARCH 459 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:04,240 DOLLARS. 460 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:06,840 SO LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE 461 00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:07,360 ABOUT PrEP AND SOME OF THE 462 00:18:07,360 --> 00:18:08,720 CHALLENGES THAT WE'RE FACING IN 463 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:11,080 THE GLOBAL ARENA AND WHY GENDER 464 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:13,520 IS CRITICAL TO THINK ABOUT. 465 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:14,320 PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS IS THE 466 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:16,160 LEADING STRATEGY TO PREVENT HIV. 467 00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:19,520 YET WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE 468 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:20,880 GLOBAL NORTH, PrEP UPTAKE 469 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,160 REMAINS SUBOPTIMAL WORLDWIDE. 470 00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:25,400 PRESENT DAY PrEP RESEARCH 471 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:26,760 CONTRIBUTES AND INTERACTS WITH A 472 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:30,680 PROBLEMATIC LEGACY OF HIV 473 00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:33,560 EXPERIMENTATION ON MARGINALIZED 474 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:34,200 COMMUNITIES IN RESOURCE-LIMITED 475 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:34,440 SETTINGS. 476 00:18:34,440 --> 00:18:35,880 MORE RECENTLY, PrEP HAS 477 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:38,080 SPURRED THE SEEMINGLY ENDLESS 478 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:40,480 SERIES OF ISOLATED, SHORT-TERM 479 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:42,360 TRIALS NOT SUBSEQUENTLY 480 00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:43,440 INTEGRATED INTO EXISTING HEALTH 481 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:45,880 CARE SYSTEMS. 482 00:18:45,880 --> 00:18:47,240 EVEN WHEN INTERVENTIONS ARE 483 00:18:47,240 --> 00:18:49,920 SHOWN TO WORK, WITHIN THIS 484 00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:52,080 CONTEXT KEY POPULATIONS 485 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:54,320 CLASSIFIED AS THE HIGHEST-RISK 486 00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:58,440 FOR HIV AND THE HIGHEST NEED FOR 487 00:18:58,440 --> 00:18:59,640 PREVENTION, ARE OFTEN THE 488 00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:02,000 INTENDED AUDIENCE YET WE CANNOT 489 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:04,200 FORGET THAT FOR MANY KEY 490 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:05,480 POPULATIONS, MEDICAL 491 00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:07,120 INSTITUTIONS ARE A SIGHT OF 492 00:19:07,120 --> 00:19:10,080 VIOLENCE AND TRAUMA. 493 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:11,720 THIS IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT 494 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:16,720 AS PrEP CONSTITUTES A PARADIGM 495 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:17,560 SHIFT FROM CONDEMN-BASED 496 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:19,280 PREVENTION TO SYSTEMS THAT 497 00:19:19,280 --> 00:19:20,240 REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT TRUST TO 498 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:23,560 PROMOTE THE USE OF PrEP AS A 499 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:24,320 BIOMEDICAL INTERVENTION FOR 500 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:27,800 PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT YET LIVING 501 00:19:27,800 --> 00:19:28,480 WITH HIV. 502 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:31,400 WHILE OBSTACLES GLOBALLY FOR 503 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:33,120 PrEP INCLUDE COST, CHALLENGES 504 00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:34,400 WITH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 505 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:37,640 INTEGRATION AND POLITICAL WILL, 506 00:19:37,640 --> 00:19:41,440 MERGING SCHOLARSHIP HAS ALSO 507 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:41,960 HIGHLIGHTED MISTRUST AS A 508 00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:45,360 CRITICAL BARRIER TO PrEP 509 00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:45,680 ACCEPTABILITY. 510 00:19:45,680 --> 00:19:49,120 IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE -- AND 511 00:19:49,120 --> 00:19:50,680 THE NUMEROUS PrEP 512 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:52,480 IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE THAT IS 513 00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:55,600 FOLLOWED, EMERGING RESEARCH 514 00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:56,320 AMONG PERUVIAN TRANSWOMEN 515 00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:59,360 HIGHLIGHTED THE EXISTENCE OF 516 00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:00,960 MISTRUST OF INTERNATIONAL DRUG 517 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:02,640 TRIALS, FOREIGN INVESTIGATORS 518 00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:04,720 AND PERUVIAN INSTITUTIONAL 519 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:06,800 ACTORS IMPLEMENTING THE STUDIES 520 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:10,440 AS OBSTACLES TO WIDESPREAD 521 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:15,680 PrEP ACCEPTABILITY AND USE. 522 00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:17,480 SO HERE I'M DRAWING ON FINDINGS 523 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:19,720 FROM OUR MULTI-METHOD 524 00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:21,080 QUALITATIVE STUDY THAT IS 525 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:23,000 EMBEDDED WITHIN A LARGER TRIAL 526 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:24,800 WHICH EXPLORED MISTRUST AND ITS 527 00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:27,360 IMPACT ON RESEARCH 528 00:20:27,360 --> 00:20:27,720 PARTICIPATION. 529 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:29,720 AS REPORTED BY TRANSWOMEN WHO 530 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,720 PARTICIPATED IN THE PrEP 531 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:33,680 ADHERENCE TRIAL AND ALSO THOSE 532 00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:35,240 WHO REFUSED INVOLVEMENT IN THE 533 00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:35,480 STUDY. 534 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,200 AND THAT MEANS THOSE WHO 535 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:39,200 VOLUNTARILY WITHDREW AND ALSO 536 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:41,880 THOSE WHO WERE LOST FOR 537 00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:42,960 FOLLOW-UP. 538 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:45,400 OUR ANALYTIC SAMPLE IS COMPRISED 539 00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:48,840 OF TRANS, TRANSGENDER WOMEN WHO 540 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,360 PARTICIPATED IN THE FORMATIVE 541 00:20:51,360 --> 00:20:54,040 AND THE EVALUATIVE STAGES OF THE 542 00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:54,280 STUDY. 543 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:58,360 OF NOTE, A TERM TOL DESCRIBE 544 00:20:58,360 --> 00:20:59,360 TRANSFEMININE IDENTITIES THAT 545 00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:01,120 ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH 546 00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:04,640 STREET-BASED SEX WORK AND EROTIC 547 00:21:04,640 --> 00:21:05,480 ECONOMIES AND OFTEN REFLECT A 548 00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:09,240 LORER CLASS WITHIN THE PERUVIAN 549 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:09,480 CONTEXT. 550 00:21:09,480 --> 00:21:10,440 IN THE FORMATIVE STAGE, WE 551 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:14,000 CONDUCTED FOUR FOCUS GROUPS AND 552 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:15,400 20 INTRODUCE AND IN THE 553 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:18,160 EVALUATIVE STAGE WE CONTACTED 34 554 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:20,560 INTERVIEWS WITH FOUR PEER 555 00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:21,640 FACILITATORS, EIGHT WITH 556 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:23,000 PARTICIPANTS WHO SCREENED BUT 557 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:24,520 NEVER ENROLLED. 558 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:26,560 SIX APPROXIMATE PARTICIPANTS 559 00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:27,600 ENROLLED AND LATER DROPPED OUT 560 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:31,480 AND ALSO 16 INTERVENTION 561 00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:33,800 COMPLETERS. 562 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,680 THREE PARADOXES OF TRANSWOMEN'S 563 00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:38,560 INVOLVEMENT IN PrEP SCIENCE AS 564 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:42,080 MEMBERS OF A KEY POPULATION 565 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:42,320 EMERGE. 566 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:44,200 THE FIRST UNDERSCORES THE 567 00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:45,840 DISCORDANCE BETWEEN THE 568 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:47,680 INCREASED FREQUENCY OF PrEP 569 00:21:47,680 --> 00:21:50,120 RESEARCH TARGETING TRANSWOMEN 570 00:21:50,120 --> 00:21:52,080 AND THE LIMITED ACTUAL 571 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:54,760 IMPROVEMENT IN HIV OUTCOMES 572 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:56,200 AMONG TRANSWOMEN. 573 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,480 THE SECOND ILLUSTRATES THE 574 00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:01,800 CONTINUED DISMISSAL OF 575 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:03,880 PARTICIPANTS REPORTS OF 576 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:05,040 PREP-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS BY 577 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:06,280 RESEARCH STAFF, DESPITE THEIR 578 00:22:06,280 --> 00:22:09,880 STATUS AS A KEY POPULATION. 579 00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:12,760 AND THE THIRD HIGHLIGHTS THE 580 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:14,680 CONTRADICTION THAT PrEP IS 581 00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:16,360 TESTED ON TRANSWOMEN BUT 582 00:22:16,360 --> 00:22:18,440 SUBSEQUENTLY IS NOT READILY 583 00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:19,400 AVAILABLE TO THEM. 584 00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:22,040 FOSTERING FEELINGS OF THE 585 00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:22,840 COMMUNITIES USE AS GUINEA PIGS 586 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:27,000 TO ADVANCE PrEP SCIENCE. 587 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:28,720 SO, ALL TRANSWOMEN WHO 588 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:31,240 PARTICIPATED IN OUR STUDY HAVE 589 00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:33,560 PRIOR EXPERIENCE WITH RESEARCH 590 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:35,440 PARTICIPATION EITHER AS A 591 00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:38,680 PARTICIPANT OR KNEW A CLOSE 592 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:39,920 ACHAINS PARTICIPATED IN HIV 593 00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:40,680 PREVENTION RESEARCH. 594 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:42,280 THIS IS THE ANTIBODY STUDIES, 595 00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:43,680 VACCINE AND PrEP TRIALS. 596 00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:46,560 THE CHOICE TO PARTICIPATE IN AN 597 00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:49,760 HIV STUDY WAS COMPLICATED BY THE 598 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:53,360 LIMITED HIV PREVENTION AND CARE 599 00:22:53,360 --> 00:22:54,600 OPTIONS FOR TRANSWOMEN AND THE 600 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:56,960 EXISTING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. 601 00:22:56,960 --> 00:22:59,760 STUDIES WERE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS 602 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:01,560 PROVIDING FIRST-LINE HIV 603 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:03,640 TREATMENT AND PREVENTION. 604 00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:07,360 FOR EXAMPLE, LOUISA WHO IS 19 605 00:23:07,360 --> 00:23:08,680 YEARS OLD, TOLD US, I FOUND OUT 606 00:23:08,680 --> 00:23:10,320 ABOUT THE STUDY BECAUSE I NEEDED 607 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:12,440 TO GET AN HIV TEST AND A FRIEND 608 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:14,160 TOLD ME THAT THE EASIEST WAY TO 609 00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:17,160 GET A FREE TEST IS THROUGH A 610 00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:17,360 STUDY. 611 00:23:17,360 --> 00:23:17,560 I DID. 612 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:18,320 THEN I LEARNED ABOUT PrEP AND 613 00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:23,320 I WANTED TO PARTICIPATE. 614 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,200 HOWEVER, EVEN THOSE WHO NOTED 615 00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:27,040 THE IMPORTANCE OF HIV RESEARCH 616 00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:30,640 FOR ACCESS TO CARE WERE WARY OF 617 00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:32,480 THE SURGE OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND 618 00:23:32,480 --> 00:23:34,480 NOTED THAT THE HEALTH IMPACT FOR 619 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:37,200 TRANSWOMEN IN LIMA SEEMED 620 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:37,680 LIMITED. 621 00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:40,880 CARE WAS DESCRIBED AS A FEMORAL 622 00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:43,520 AND HIV ACQUISITION FREQUENTLY 623 00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:47,360 AS INEVITABLE. 624 00:23:47,360 --> 00:23:51,400 FOR EXAMPLE, I PARTICIPATE IN 625 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:54,640 STUDIES NOW SO I CAN GET CARE. 626 00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:56,160 WHAT HAPPENS ONCE I GET SICK? 627 00:23:56,160 --> 00:23:59,480 THESE STUDIES END. 628 00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:01,320 27-YEAR-OLD DANICA TOLD US. 629 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:02,200 WHILE MANY PARTICIPANTS SAID 630 00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:03,440 THEY VALUED THE CARE PROVIDED IN 631 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:06,640 STUDIES, THEY QUESTIONED THE 632 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:08,440 LACK OF LONG TERM BENEFITS FOR 633 00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:10,320 TRANSWOMEN AND THIS WAS FURTHER 634 00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:11,320 COMPLICATED BY THE WARINESS OF 635 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,160 FOREIGN INVESTIGATORS PERCEIVED 636 00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:16,760 TO BE DRIVING PREP RESEARCH 637 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:17,000 AGENDAS. 638 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:18,880 FOR EXAMPLE, MARIA NOTES, HOW 639 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:19,560 LONG HAVE GRINGOS BEEN 640 00:24:19,560 --> 00:24:21,200 RESEARCHING US? 641 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:22,400 WHY ARE WE STILL GETTING SICK? 642 00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:27,400 WHAT WILL I DO IF I GET HIV? 643 00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:30,680 THE SECOND PARADOX IDENTIFIED 644 00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:31,600 CENTERS ON TRANSPHOBIC 645 00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:34,600 MISTREATMENT OF PARTICIPANTS AND 646 00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:36,960 THE DISMISSAL OF PrEP RELATED 647 00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:37,520 SIDE EFFECTS BY RESEARCH 648 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:38,920 PHYSICIANS AND STAFF. 649 00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:39,480 EVEN IN STUDIES DESIGNED TO 650 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:43,000 ENSURE THAT PrEP IS ATTUNED TO 651 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:44,880 TRANSWOMEN'S NEEDS. 652 00:24:44,880 --> 00:24:45,960 PARTICIPANTS TAKING PREP 653 00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:49,280 DESCRIBED BEING DISMISSED WHEN 654 00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:51,680 TELLING RESEARCH STAFF ABOUT 655 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:52,640 SIDE EFFECTS. 656 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:54,160 I DIDN'T WANT TO KEEP GOING TO 657 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:54,480 THE CLINIC. 658 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:56,720 I KNOW I SAID I WOULD AS PART OF 659 00:24:56,720 --> 00:24:57,120 THE STUDY. 660 00:24:57,120 --> 00:24:59,000 BUT PrEP MADE MY HEAD HURT AND 661 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:00,720 THAT ONE DOCTOR DIDN'T BELIEVE 662 00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:00,880 ME. 663 00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:03,440 AND HE KEPT MAKING ME FEEL BAD. 664 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:05,400 THEY WERE OBVIOUSLY ONLY GIVING 665 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:06,680 ME MEDICAL ATTENTION BECAUSE 666 00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:12,880 THEY HAD TO. 667 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:15,400 THE THIRD PARADOX HIGHLIGHTS THE 668 00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:18,080 CONTRADICTION THAT PrEP HAS 669 00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:20,880 BEEN TESTED REPEATEDLY ON 670 00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:22,840 TRANSWOMEN BUT IS NOT READILY 671 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,720 AVAILABLE TO THEM. 672 00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:26,320 FURTHERING THE BELIEF THAT THEIR 673 00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:28,040 COMMUNITY IS BEING USED AS 674 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:30,080 GUINEA PIGS RATHER THAN PrEP'S 675 00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:30,440 INTENDED USERS. 676 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:34,560 AS NOTED IN A FOCUS GROUP IN THE 677 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:35,560 GREEN BUBBLE, WHY ARE WE, 678 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,600 TRANSWOMEN, BEING USED LIKE 679 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:40,360 GUINEA PIGS EVERY SINGLE ONE OF 680 00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:42,000 US? 681 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:43,960 PrEP MISTRUST WAS FURTHER 682 00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:45,040 AMPLIFIED BY THE CONFLICT 683 00:25:45,040 --> 00:25:48,000 BETWEEN SHORT TERM REWARDS BEING 684 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,160 PROVIDED FINANCIAL INCENTIVES 685 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:51,760 AND TEMPORARY ACCESS TO NEW 686 00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:53,280 MEDICATIONS, AGAINST THE 687 00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,960 LONG-TERM PUBLIC HEALTH FAILURES 688 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:58,520 LEADING TO LIMITED ACCESS FOR 689 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:00,920 SUCCESSFUL THERAPIES AND CARE. 690 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:02,000 AS DESCRIBED BY ANGELICA, WHAT 691 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:03,080 CAN I TELL YOU? 692 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:04,560 DO I HAVE A PROBLEM WITH MY 693 00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:06,360 COMMUNITY TREATED LIKE AN 694 00:26:06,360 --> 00:26:06,800 EXPERIMENT? 695 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:07,160 YES. 696 00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:08,960 BUT WE CONTINUE TO PARTICIPATE 697 00:26:08,960 --> 00:26:10,120 AND WORK FOR THESE STUDIES 698 00:26:10,120 --> 00:26:11,200 BECAUSE WE ARE SEEN. 699 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,160 WE AT LEAST GET SOME HIV CARE. 700 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:17,800 SOMETIMES WE GET PrEP AND WE 701 00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:18,640 EVEN GET PAID. 702 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:20,600 FURTHER CONTRIBUTING TO THE 703 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:23,320 PERCEPTION THAT TRANSWOMEN WERE 704 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:24,040 SIMPLY GUINEA PIGS WERE 705 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:26,800 FRUSTRATIONS REPORTED OVER THE 706 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:28,720 PHYSICAL BURDEN OF REPEATED 707 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:30,400 BEHAVIORAL AND BIOLOGICAL 708 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:34,680 MEASURES AND STUDIES EMPHASIS ON 709 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:35,240 OBTAINING A DIVERSE CLINICAL 710 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:35,480 SAMPLE. 711 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:36,320 ONE FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT 712 00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:37,640 NOTED: I WON'T PARTICIPATE IN 713 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:39,680 ANOTHER STUDY THAT TAKES MY 714 00:26:39,680 --> 00:26:39,880 BLOOD. 715 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,720 WE DON'T TRUST WHAT THEY DO WITH 716 00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:45,680 OUR BLOOD. 717 00:26:45,680 --> 00:26:46,200 THESE SENTIMENTS HIGHLIGHT 718 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:50,320 SUSPICIONS ABOUT AND MOTIVATIONS 719 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:51,200 FOR BIOSPECIMEN'S COLLECTION 720 00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:53,160 THAT WERE COMMONLY ECHOED BY 721 00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:54,440 PARTICIPANTS ACROSS ALL STAGES 722 00:26:54,440 --> 00:27:00,880 OF OUR DATA COLLECTION PROCESS 723 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:01,520 PROCESSES. 724 00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:06,120 SO WE INTERVIEWED 86 TRANSWOMEN 725 00:27:06,120 --> 00:27:06,640 ACROSS TWO TIME POINTS TO 726 00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:07,240 UNDERSTAND THE EXPERIENCE AND 727 00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:10,560 THE PERCEPTIONS OF TRANSWOMEN 728 00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:14,760 WHO INTERACTED WITH PrEP 729 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:16,520 PREVENTION TRIAL. 730 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:17,480 WHAT INITIALLY BEGAN AS AN 731 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:18,680 ATTEMPT TO APPROVE OUR OWN STUDY 732 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:21,080 DESIGN RESULTED IN REVEALING A 733 00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:23,120 CRITICAL TENSION RELEVANT TO THE 734 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:24,720 BROADER PROJECT OF HIV 735 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,240 PREVENTION GLOBALLY. 736 00:27:27,240 --> 00:27:28,760 OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST AN URGENT 737 00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:30,720 NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND MIGS 738 00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:33,480 TRUST, NOT AS A TRAIT OF 739 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:34,880 TRANSWOMEN TO BE ADDRESSED 740 00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:37,120 INDIVIDUALLY, SOLELY THROUGH 741 00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:38,640 EDUCATION ABOUT THE RESEARCH 742 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:38,920 PROCESS. 743 00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:41,640 BUT AS A JUSTIFIED RESPONSE TO 744 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:43,480 SYSTEMIC INEQUITIES REP CALLED 745 00:27:43,480 --> 00:27:48,840 BY AND MANIFESTED THROUGH THE 746 00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:49,120 RESEARCH. 747 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:51,160 NARRATIVES HIGHLIGHT THE WISDOM 748 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:54,000 INHERENT IN PrEP MISTRUST AS A 749 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,120 REFLECTION OF LEARNED COMMUNITY 750 00:27:57,120 --> 00:27:57,840 INSIGHTS THAT UNDERSCORE THE 751 00:27:57,840 --> 00:27:59,800 BROKEN BONDS OF TRUST BETWEEN 752 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:01,840 COMMUNITIES, RESEARCHERS AND THE 753 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:03,000 RESEARCH ENTERPRISE. 754 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:07,840 PrEP MISTRUST IS AMPLIFIED 755 00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:08,440 THROUGH PERCEIVED PARADOX THAT 756 00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:09,080 IS SUGGEST TRANSWOMEN THAT THEY 757 00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:11,120 ARE KEY EXPERIMENTAL 758 00:28:11,120 --> 00:28:14,240 PARTICIPANTS BUT NOT TARGET 759 00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:17,720 PrEP USERS OUTSIDE OF RESEARCH 760 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:19,760 SETTINGS. 761 00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:24,360 TODAY I BRIEFLY DISCUSS YOUD HOW 762 00:28:24,360 --> 00:28:24,840 THE SPOTLIGHT SHINED ON 763 00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:25,480 TRANSWOMEN HAS RAISED QUESTIONS 764 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:28,200 ABOUT THE ETHICS OF RESEARCH 765 00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:29,720 THAT MAKES MANY VULNERABLE 766 00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:31,880 COMMUNITIES SUCH AS TRANSWOMEN, 767 00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:33,880 FEEL AS THOUGH THEY ARE KEY TEST 768 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,520 SUBJECTS OR GUINEA PIGS BUT NOT 769 00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:37,920 KEY BENEFICIARIES. 770 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:41,080 ACADEMIC RESEARCH BEE GETS MORE 771 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:41,920 RESEARCH. 772 00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:42,560 PRODUCING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE 773 00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:43,920 AS A GLOBAL CONCEPT. 774 00:28:43,920 --> 00:28:45,960 THIS IS TRUE FOR 50s 775 00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:47,560 RESEARCHERS LIKE ME WHO REALIZE 776 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:49,520 THAT THE ABILITY TO SECURE 777 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:50,960 FUNDING AND PROGRESS THROUGH THE 778 00:28:50,960 --> 00:28:53,080 RANKS OF ACADEMIC PROMOTION 779 00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:54,960 DEPENDS ON PARTICIPATING IN THIS 780 00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:55,360 RESEARCH ECONOMY. 781 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:58,800 AND THUS IT IS OUR 782 00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:02,040 RESPONSIBILITY AS RESEARCHERS TO 783 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:02,760 ACTIVELY RECTIFY BROKEN BONDS 784 00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:06,080 AND BUILD AND SUSTAIN RESPECT. 785 00:29:06,080 --> 00:29:07,480 SO WHAT'S OUR CALL? 786 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:11,800 WHEN WE DO NOT NAME CAPITALISM, 787 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:13,120 CLONEIAMISM AND OTHER 788 00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:15,680 INTERSECTING MODES OF 789 00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:16,280 OPPRESSION, HARMS EXPERIENCED BY 790 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,320 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS ARE EASILY 791 00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:19,520 IGNORED. 792 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:22,320 OUR CALL FOR A HEIGHTENED FOCUS 793 00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:26,520 ON GENDER AS A SOCIOCULTURAL 794 00:29:26,520 --> 00:29:27,960 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH CANNOT BE 795 00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:29,000 DIVORCED FROM AN EXAMINATION OF 796 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:33,360 THE ROLE OF POWER AND POLITICS 797 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:34,800 PLAY IN THE PERPETUATION OF 798 00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:36,600 EXTRACTIVE DATA PRACTICES. 799 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:39,040 THERE IS SIMPLY TOO MUCH AT 800 00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:42,840 STAKE AND IT IS TOO EASY TO 801 00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:43,520 ABSOLVE OURSELVES AS RESEARCHERS 802 00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:48,480 IN THE ROLE WE PLAY IN THIS 803 00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:48,720 SYSTEM. 804 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,920 SO, THE TWO PHOTOS PRESENTED 805 00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:53,320 HERE HIGHLIGHT THE STRENGTH, 806 00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:56,520 POWER AND ONGOING SOLIDARITY 807 00:29:56,520 --> 00:29:59,280 ENACTED BY TRANS AND GENDER 808 00:29:59,280 --> 00:29:59,760 NON-BINARY NEME PERU. 809 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:02,760 THIS IS MY REMINDER OF WHO I'M 810 00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:03,400 ACCOUNTABLE TO. 811 00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:05,360 LET'S PUSH AND FIGHT AND 812 00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:07,560 ADVOCATE FOR GINNEDDER AS A 813 00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:09,520 SOCIAL CULTURAL DETERMINANT OF 814 00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:11,720 HEALTH TO BE A PRIORITY FOR NIH. 815 00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:13,960 IN OUR DEMANDS, LET'S NOT FORGET 816 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:16,880 THIS WORK IS POLITICAL AND 817 00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:19,040 DEPENDS ON AUTHENTIC COMMUNITY 818 00:30:19,040 --> 00:30:19,360 RELATIONSHIPS. 819 00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:21,280 THIS REQUIRES FUNDING AND NOT 820 00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:22,560 SOLELY AS PEER RECRUITERS OR AS 821 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:24,120 MEMBERS IN COMMUNITY ADVISORY 822 00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:24,320 BOARDS. 823 00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:29,040 BUT REAL MONEY TO ACKNOWLEDGE 824 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:30,080 THE PARTNERSHIPS WITH GRASSROOTS 825 00:30:30,080 --> 00:30:30,760 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS AND 826 00:30:30,760 --> 00:30:34,840 COMMUNITY MEMBERS THAT MAKE THIS 827 00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:35,240 RESEARCH POSSIBLE. 828 00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:36,760 LEARNING FROM MY TEACHERS IN 829 00:30:36,760 --> 00:30:39,520 PERU, I WOULD BE REMISS TO NOT 830 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:40,960 ASK, WHAT DO WE DO WITH THESE 831 00:30:40,960 --> 00:30:41,600 DATA? 832 00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:42,720 WHO BENEFITS FROM THEM? 833 00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:45,640 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 834 00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:46,520 ADDRESSING THE OPPRESSIONS THAT 835 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:49,640 YIELD PERVASIVE AND GROWING 836 00:30:49,640 --> 00:30:51,080 HEALTH DISPARITIES? 837 00:30:51,080 --> 00:30:54,760 THANK YOU AND I LOOK FORWARD TO 838 00:30:54,760 --> 00:30:55,320 CONTINUING TO THINK THROUGH 839 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:57,720 THESE ISSUES AND ENGAGING WITH 840 00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:08,160 YOUR QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS. 841 00:31:17,080 --> 00:31:18,200 >>FANTASTIC, THANK YOU VERY 842 00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:18,760 MUCH, DR. PEREZ-BRUMER. 843 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,720 NOW WE WILL TRANSITION TO 844 00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:23,400 DR. CATHERINE MCKINLEY. 845 00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:27,200 >>CATHERINE MCKINLEY: HELLO, 846 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:27,480 EVERYONE. 847 00:31:27,480 --> 00:31:29,720 IT'S AN HONOR TO BE RECOMMENDED 848 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:30,880 WITH THESE AMAZING PEOPLE HERE 849 00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:32,800 TODAY AND TODAY I'M GOING TO BE 850 00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:36,120 TALKING TO YOU ABOUT 851 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:38,400 UNDERSTANDING INDIGENOUS GENDER 852 00:31:38,400 --> 00:31:39,320 RELATIONS AND STRUCTURAL 853 00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:40,400 VIOLENCE BECOMING GENDER AWAKE. 854 00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:43,520 I WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE INDIGENOUS 855 00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:50,280 PEOPLE'S LANDS IN NEW ORLEANS 856 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:52,920 AREA AS WELL AS TRIBES IN 857 00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,920 MONTANA. 858 00:31:55,920 --> 00:31:56,240 THANK YOU. 859 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:58,320 AS WELL AS THE NIH BIRCWH 860 00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:00,320 FUNDING THAT SUPPORTED THIS 861 00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:03,520 HIGHLIGHT PROGRAM THAT INFORMED 862 00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:07,040 CLINICAL TRIAL BY NIAAA FOR THE 863 00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:08,320 PROGRAM I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU 864 00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:10,600 ABOUT AT THE END OF THIS 865 00:32:10,600 --> 00:32:11,040 PRESENTATION. 866 00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:11,800 WHAT IS ALSO PUT FORWARD IS 867 00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:14,200 DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTED TO THIS AND 868 00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:15,600 DEVELOP THIS PROGRAM. 869 00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:17,440 OVER 60 COMMUNITY HEALTH 870 00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:19,560 REPRESENTATIVES THAT FACILITATE 871 00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:22,080 THIS PROGRAM, COMMUNITY ADVISORY 872 00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:24,000 BOARD CENTER AND THE PERSON ON 873 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,040 THE RIGHT WHO DEDICATE THIS 874 00:32:26,040 --> 00:32:27,320 PROGRAM TO, HE RECENTLY PASSED 875 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:31,120 AWAY BUT HIS VISION IS REALLY 876 00:32:31,120 --> 00:32:32,680 EMBODIED THROUGHOUT THIS PROGRAM 877 00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:35,000 AND WE HONOR HIM. 878 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:37,680 I WANT TO SAY A HELLO TO MY 879 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:39,280 INDIGENOUS AND NON INDIGENOUS 880 00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:40,880 ELDERS WHO SET ME ON A GOOD PATH 881 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:43,120 AND HELPED ME TO DO THIS IN A 882 00:32:43,120 --> 00:32:44,000 GOOD WAY. 883 00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:45,000 TO THE I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU 884 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:47,000 ABOUT HOW TO BECOME GENDER AWAKE 885 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,080 IT'S AN EXTENSION OF THE 886 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:51,600 FRAMEWORK OF HISTORICAL 887 00:32:51,600 --> 00:32:52,280 OPPRESSION THAT WAS DEVELOPED 888 00:32:52,280 --> 00:32:53,840 THROUGH RESEARCH WITH INDIGENOUS 889 00:32:53,840 --> 00:32:54,240 PEOPLES. 890 00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:58,040 THIS IS A TRIBAL INDIGENOUS 891 00:32:58,040 --> 00:32:58,960 RELATIONAL WORK AT RISK 892 00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:02,240 PROTECTED AND PROMOTED ACROSS 893 00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:05,680 LEVELS AND HOW THEY INTERACT TO 894 00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:07,480 GIVE RISE TO GREATER DEGREES OF 895 00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:09,520 WELLNESS ACCORDING TO THE 896 00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:10,040 SPIRITUAL AND MENTAL AND 897 00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:12,880 PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS. 898 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:15,920 AND TODAY I'M FOCUSING ON 899 00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:16,680 TRANSCENDENTS OR BECOMING A 900 00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:18,040 LITTLE BIT RATED FROM THE 901 00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:19,680 COLONIAL MINDSET PRESCRIPTIVE 902 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,160 AND MARGINALIZED WITH THESE 903 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:23,360 ASCRIBED GENDER ROLES THAT 904 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:26,800 INHIBIT OUR AUTHENTIC SELVES AND 905 00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:27,320 OUR ABILITY. 906 00:33:27,320 --> 00:33:29,080 AND TO DO THAT WE NEED TO 907 00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:30,680 UNDERSTAND WHAT IS THIS MINDSET 908 00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:32,920 WE MAY OR MAY NOT BE AWARE OF? 909 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:36,800 LARGELY CONUNCONSCIOUS AND 910 00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:40,800 INFILTRATES THE WAY WE ARE, 911 00:33:40,800 --> 00:33:42,080 RESEARCH, AND COMMUNITIES AND 912 00:33:42,080 --> 00:33:42,560 STRUCTURE. 913 00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:43,400 BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT EVERY PART 914 00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:47,920 OF THE WORLD HAS NOT BEEN 915 00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:50,440 UNTOUCHED BY COLONIZATION. 916 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:51,360 PEOPLE COME HERE IN THE U.S. FOR 917 00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:54,000 INSTANCE TO MAKE THIS PLACE 918 00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:55,120 THEIR OWN AND THEY HAVE TO DO 919 00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:58,640 THAT BY ELIMINATING INDIGENOUS 920 00:33:58,640 --> 00:34:00,920 PEOPLES, INTRODUCING A APARTHEID 921 00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:03,000 SLAVES TO DO THE WORK AND 922 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:05,000 PERPETUATING STRUCTURES WHICH 923 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:12,280 CONTINUE TOO PRESS. 924 00:34:12,280 --> 00:34:15,080 COLONIAL OPPRESSION IS 925 00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:16,080 HETEROPATRIARCHAL AND MALE 926 00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:17,240 CENTERED HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, 927 00:34:17,240 --> 00:34:21,600 WHITE SUPREMACY, RACISM, SEXISM 928 00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:25,200 IN A PERSPECTIVE IS INCLUSIVE 929 00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:25,960 AFFECTING ALL OF US IN DIFFERENT 930 00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:26,160 WAYS. 931 00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:30,000 WITH THAT WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT 932 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:31,000 OUR OWN CONDITIONALITY, MINE 933 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:31,240 INCLUDING. 934 00:34:31,240 --> 00:34:33,960 I COME FROM A SETTLER COLONIAL 935 00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:34,240 BACKGROUND. 936 00:34:34,240 --> 00:34:37,640 MY ANCESTORS CAME FROM IRELAND 937 00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:39,640 AND SWEDISH AREAS. 938 00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:42,840 WE HAVE A STATUS OF WHITE THINKS 939 00:34:42,840 --> 00:34:43,880 THAT STRUCTURES THE WAY THAT 940 00:34:43,880 --> 00:34:45,760 THEY ARE TREATED OVER TIME THAT 941 00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:47,240 DIFFERENTIALLY EFFECTS MY 942 00:34:47,240 --> 00:34:48,880 TRAJECTORY AND WHAT I CAN DO IN 943 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:49,320 THE WORLD. 944 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:51,240 BECAUSE OF THAT, AND THE WAY I 945 00:34:51,240 --> 00:34:54,280 GREW UP AND HOW I HAVE BEEN 946 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:56,360 SOCIALIZED, I BRING INTO THE 947 00:34:56,360 --> 00:34:59,360 WORLD A WAY OF WHAT I THINK IS 948 00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:00,040 NORMAL STRUCTURED BY THE 949 00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:02,360 IDEOLOGY OF THE COLONIAL 950 00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:02,560 MINDSET. 951 00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:05,000 SO THE IDEA TO LIVE AWAKE FOR 952 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:07,240 GENDER AWAKENESS DISMANTLE THE 953 00:35:07,240 --> 00:35:11,360 IDEOLOGY OF A COLONIAL 954 00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:15,600 SUPERIORITY THAT PRIVILEGES 955 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:16,480 DOMINATING THOUGHT IN RESEARCH. 956 00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:21,120 INSTEAD OF READDRESSING THIS 957 00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:23,320 MARGINALIZATION AND IN VIS 958 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:24,760 BILLIZING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS 959 00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:26,840 GOING ON WITH THE DOMINANT ROLE 960 00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:28,760 WE ALSO NEED TO CENTER 961 00:35:28,760 --> 00:35:32,320 INDIGENOUS ROLES, THEY ARE VERY 962 00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:34,400 DIFFERENT AND HAVE BEEN 963 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:36,200 INTENTIONALLY SET ASIDE 964 00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:42,680 THREATENING THE STRUCTURES OF 965 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:52,880 OUR SOCIETY. 966 00:36:03,560 --> 00:36:04,480 HEEL HISTORY IS IMPORTANT TO 967 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:05,200 ENABLE THESE STRUCTURES TO 968 00:36:05,200 --> 00:36:05,440 PERSIST. 969 00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:07,160 SO YOU FIND THESE COLONIAL 970 00:36:07,160 --> 00:36:09,960 MINDSETS ARE INFILTRATED INTO 971 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:11,560 RESEARCH AND PRACTICE PROTOCOLS 972 00:36:11,560 --> 00:36:13,000 AND PARADIGMS AND PRINCIPLES AND 973 00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:19,040 THESE THINGS ARE DOMINANT OVER 974 00:36:19,040 --> 00:36:19,560 THE INDIGENOUS CULTURAL 975 00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:20,040 PROTOCOLS, PARADIGMS AND 976 00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:20,720 PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES. 977 00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:22,240 WHAT DO WE DO? 978 00:36:22,240 --> 00:36:24,080 WE NEED TO LIFT UP INDIGENOUS 979 00:36:24,080 --> 00:36:25,080 WORLD VIEWS. 980 00:36:25,080 --> 00:36:28,280 HAVING A RECKENING AND 981 00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:29,800 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE PAST AND 982 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:32,400 FINDING BALANCE WHICH INVOLVES 983 00:36:32,400 --> 00:36:36,400 POWER AND HOPEFULLY FOR A FUTURE 984 00:36:36,400 --> 00:36:37,000 OF HARMONIZATION, RESPECTFUL, 985 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,040 RECIPROCAL AND REFLEXIVE 986 00:36:40,040 --> 00:36:41,360 RELATIONS FOR ALL WHERE THINGS 987 00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:44,640 CAN BE COMP TERRY AND NOT THE 988 00:36:44,640 --> 00:36:47,360 ADVERSARIAL DOMINATION THAT WAS 989 00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:48,200 BROUGHT ON. 990 00:36:48,200 --> 00:36:52,400 SO FROM DECOLONIAL TO PRE 991 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:52,880 COLONIAL TRANSCENDENCE. 992 00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:54,720 MY OWN WORK IS REALLY AFFECTED 993 00:36:54,720 --> 00:36:56,960 BY AN ELDER RECOMMENDING TO ME 994 00:36:56,960 --> 00:37:00,560 WHAT DO I DO AND HOW SHOULD I DO 995 00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:03,600 THIS? 996 00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:04,280 EMILY CELT ME ON A GOOD PATH AND 997 00:37:04,280 --> 00:37:05,000 SAID DO RESEARCH ABOUT RESEARCH 998 00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:06,200 AND WHY THERE IS SO MUCH 999 00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:06,480 DISTRESS. 1000 00:37:06,480 --> 00:37:08,840 AND I DID DO THAT. 1001 00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:11,680 INDIGENOUS AND NON INDIGENOUS 1002 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:12,000 RESEARCH. 1003 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:13,280 MY BACKGROUND IS SOCIAL WORK. 1004 00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:14,880 AND I FOUND OUT ABOUT HOW 1005 00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:18,680 RESEARCH IS USED AS A TOOL OF 1006 00:37:18,680 --> 00:37:20,000 COLONIAL EXTRACTION FOR THE 1007 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:21,320 PURPOSE OF COLONIZATION. 1008 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:23,400 AND SOCIAL WORK HAS BEEN VERY 1009 00:37:23,400 --> 00:37:26,760 MUCH EMBEDDED IN A PROCESS IN 1010 00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:28,040 THE BOARDING SCHOOL AREA AND THE 1011 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:29,280 INDIAN ADOPTION ACT WHERE 1012 00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:30,720 CHILDREN WERE REMOVED AND PLACED 1013 00:37:30,720 --> 00:37:34,040 WITH WHITE FAMILIES. 1014 00:37:34,040 --> 00:37:34,640 MY OWN PERSON AND PROFESSIONAL 1015 00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:37,200 AND SCHOLARLY HISTORY IS 1016 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:38,840 INTERLINKED WITH STRUCTURES OF 1017 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:40,120 COLONIAL SETTLER HISTORICAL 1018 00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:40,920 OPPRESSION AND I NEED TO KNOW 1019 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:42,760 THAT AND BE AWARE OF THAT AND 1020 00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:44,080 HAVE LOTS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES 1021 00:37:44,080 --> 00:37:45,520 WITH THAT. 1022 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:51,440 SO THIS TOOLKIT DOES THAT. 1023 00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:52,520 IT COMMITS LONG TERM USING 1024 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:53,400 COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH IN 1025 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:56,400 THINGS SO STRUCTURES RESEARCH IN 1026 00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:59,360 A GOOD WAY THAT I WAS DRIVEN BY 1027 00:37:59,360 --> 00:38:02,280 COMMUNITIES IN THAT ACTUALLY 1028 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:03,480 PROVIDES THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1029 00:38:03,480 --> 00:38:03,880 RESEARCH DIRECTLY. 1030 00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:05,960 SO THE COMMUNITY IS CENTERED AND 1031 00:38:05,960 --> 00:38:07,440 HAS WORKED REALLY WELL. 1032 00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:10,480 THAT WENT ON TO COLLABORATING 1033 00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:12,240 WITH THE CHOCTAW WOMEN INVITED 1034 00:38:12,240 --> 00:38:15,120 TO DO WORK IN MISS SIP WHOA 1035 00:38:15,120 --> 00:38:17,000 ASKED ME TO DO THIS WORK AS 1036 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:17,320 WELL. 1037 00:38:17,320 --> 00:38:19,520 AND THAT INVITED ME TO WORK WITH 1038 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:20,760 HIM ON WHY VIOLENCE AGAINST 1039 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:23,360 WOMEN IS SO HIGH GIVEN THAT PRE 1040 00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:27,160 COLONIAL STATUS OF WOMEN WAS A 1041 00:38:27,160 --> 00:38:28,640 RESPECTED EGAL TARYN AND 1042 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:29,000 CENTERED STATUS. 1043 00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:31,040 WHY DO WE HAVE THE HIGHEST RATE 1044 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:34,600 OF VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS 1045 00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:35,240 WOMEN THAN ANY OTHER GROUP GIVEN 1046 00:38:35,240 --> 00:38:37,280 THIS PRE-COLONIAL STATUS OF 1047 00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:38,560 RESPECT AND SACREDNESS? 1048 00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:41,400 THAT LED ME TO LISTEN TO LIFE 1049 00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:43,880 HISTORY INTERVIEWS OF WOMEN WHO 1050 00:38:43,880 --> 00:38:45,040 EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE AS WELL AS 1051 00:38:45,040 --> 00:38:47,320 PROFESSIONALS WHICH LED TO THE 1052 00:38:47,320 --> 00:38:49,440 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRAMEWORK OF 1053 00:38:49,440 --> 00:38:49,920 HISTORICAL OPPRESSION. 1054 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:52,760 ALL OF THAT 10 YEARS OF RESEARCH 1055 00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:55,040 HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED AND 1056 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,640 INTEGRATED INTO WHAT WE HAVE AS 1057 00:38:57,640 --> 00:38:59,760 A HEALTHY FAMILIES PROGRAM. 1058 00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:04,040 A SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VIOLENCE 1059 00:39:04,040 --> 00:39:05,840 PREVENTION PROGRAM. 1060 00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:08,640 IT'S ADAPTED FROM OF THE 1061 00:39:08,640 --> 00:39:09,360 CELEBRATING FAMILIES PROGRAM 1062 00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,800 THAT WE DEVELOPED OVER THIS LAST 1063 00:39:11,800 --> 00:39:13,240 DECADE WITH THE TRIBES WE ARE 1064 00:39:13,240 --> 00:39:14,680 WORKING WITH. 1065 00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:17,800 THE LAST QUESTION IS TO THINK 1066 00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:19,760 ABOUT TODAY IS WHO AND WHAT IS 1067 00:39:19,760 --> 00:39:20,680 THE INTERVENTION FOR? 1068 00:39:20,680 --> 00:39:22,680 IS THERE A LOT OF 1069 00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:23,720 DAMAGE-CENTERED RESEARCH THAT 1070 00:39:23,720 --> 00:39:24,840 REDEFINES THE DEHUMANIZATION OF 1071 00:39:24,840 --> 00:39:27,360 A LOT OF GROUPS THAT HAVE BEEN 1072 00:39:27,360 --> 00:39:29,120 STRUCTURALLYO PRESSED AND MANAGE 1073 00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:30,440 FESTATIONS OF THAT OPPRESSION 1074 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:33,600 THROUGH VIOLENCE AND SUBSTANCE 1075 00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:34,800 ABUSE AND LOTS OF OTHER THINGS. 1076 00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:40,920 IF THE STRUCTURES EVER COLONIAL 1077 00:39:40,920 --> 00:39:41,440 ECOLONNIZATION IMPAVED IN 1078 00:39:41,440 --> 00:39:42,080 OURSELVES AND INSTITUTIONS, IF 1079 00:39:42,080 --> 00:39:43,640 THEY ARE CAUSING THEM, THEN WHO 1080 00:39:43,640 --> 00:39:46,240 AND WHAT NEEDS THE INTERVENTION 1081 00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:46,480 ITSELF? 1082 00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:47,720 THINK ABOUT THAT AS WE KEEP 1083 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:48,160 MOVING THROUGH. 1084 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:50,040 WE HAD A LOT OF PEOPLE TALK 1085 00:39:50,040 --> 00:39:52,120 ABOUT STRUCTURAL SEXISM. 1086 00:39:52,120 --> 00:39:54,120 I'M NOT GOING INTO THAT OTHER 1087 00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:55,320 THAN TO SAY IT HURTS EVERYONE TO 1088 00:39:55,320 --> 00:39:56,320 SOME EXTENT. 1089 00:39:56,320 --> 00:39:57,760 IT BENEFITS OTHER PEOPLE 1090 00:39:57,760 --> 00:39:59,160 INTERPERSONALLY ESPECIALLY WHEN 1091 00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:02,640 IT COMES TO RELATIONSHIPS AND 1092 00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:03,000 WORK. 1093 00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:03,720 MOST WOMEN ARE AFFECTED IN 1094 00:40:03,720 --> 00:40:06,200 DIFFERENT WAYS BY VIOLENCE 1095 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:08,800 EITHER PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, 1096 00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:11,400 SEXUAL AND ACROSS ALL OF THESE 1097 00:40:11,400 --> 00:40:15,400 NORMATIVE WAYS WOMEN ARE 1098 00:40:15,400 --> 00:40:16,120 UNDERMIND AND IT DRIVES 1099 00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:17,440 DISTRESS, ANXIETY AND 1100 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:17,720 DEPRESSION. 1101 00:40:17,720 --> 00:40:21,680 THE CRITICAL FRAMEWORK I USED IS 1102 00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:23,480 INSPIRED BY THOSE WHO TALK ABOUT 1103 00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:26,560 DEHUMANIZATION MARKS NOT ONLY 1104 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:29,120 THOSE WHOM HUE MANAGITY HAS BEEN 1105 00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:31,360 STOLEN BUT THOSE WHO HAVE STOLEN 1106 00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:32,680 IT. 1107 00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:34,360 IT'S A DISTORTION TO BE MORE 1108 00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:34,640 FULLY HUMAN. 1109 00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:36,560 WE HAVE TO BE BEYOND THE 1110 00:40:36,560 --> 00:40:37,560 COLONIAL MINDSET AND KNOWING 1111 00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:40,000 WHAT THAT IS, WHICH IS ABOUT 1112 00:40:40,000 --> 00:40:41,800 COMPETITIVE SEEKING AS MUCH AS 1113 00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:45,080 YOU CAN WHICH REQUIRES THE 1114 00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:45,680 EXPLOITATION OF OTHER PEOPLE. 1115 00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:47,720 GETTING A BIGGER PIECE OF THE 1116 00:40:47,720 --> 00:40:49,240 PIE. 1117 00:40:49,240 --> 00:40:52,040 BUT INDIGENOUS WOULD SAY THE PIE 1118 00:40:52,040 --> 00:40:53,280 IS THE PROBLEM. 1119 00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:55,760 THIS KIND OF COMPETITION AND 1120 00:40:55,760 --> 00:40:56,440 ADVERSARIAL RELATION. 1121 00:40:56,440 --> 00:40:58,080 THAT'S THE PROBLEM ITSELF. 1122 00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:00,120 WE ARE SET ON THINGS THAT ARE 1123 00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:01,920 NOT SATISFYING OR ULTIMATELY 1124 00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:02,840 FULFILLING AND THE HIGHER YOU 1125 00:41:02,840 --> 00:41:04,960 GET UP, THE SICKER YOU CAN 1126 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:05,480 BECOME. 1127 00:41:05,480 --> 00:41:08,480 SO EVEN THOUGH WE THINK THAT THE 1128 00:41:08,480 --> 00:41:10,120 HIGHEST THING TO ATTAIN IS 1129 00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:12,000 GREATER WEALTH AND HOUR, THAT IS 1130 00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:13,400 ACTUALLY NOT SUSTAINABLE AND 1131 00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:16,440 DOESN'T REALLY HELP PEOPLE IN 1132 00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:17,200 THE LONG RUN. 1133 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:19,480 I'M ALSO NOT GOING TO GO TOO 1134 00:41:19,480 --> 00:41:20,160 MUCH INTO THE GENDER IMBALANCES 1135 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:21,880 WHICH HAVE BEEN COVERED IN 1136 00:41:21,880 --> 00:41:22,640 DETAIL IN CREDIBLE WAYS. 1137 00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:25,520 BUT I WILL CENTER THE PART OF 1138 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:29,040 INDIGENOUS WORK ON THIS WHICH 1139 00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:31,720 STATES PATRIARCHY ISN'T JUST 1140 00:41:31,720 --> 00:41:33,240 INTERTWINED WITH THE SYSTEM 1141 00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:36,920 SYSTEM OF COLONNISM AND 1142 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:37,240 CAPITALISM. 1143 00:41:37,240 --> 00:41:39,360 THEY NEED PATRIARCHY TO WORK. 1144 00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:41,800 WOMEN'S WORK IS THE ORIGINAL 1145 00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:42,960 SUBSIDY OF CAPITALISM. 1146 00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:44,920 REPRODUCTIVE LABOR IS NECESSARY 1147 00:41:44,920 --> 00:41:47,600 FOR SOCIAL REPRODUCTION. 1148 00:41:47,600 --> 00:41:51,880 SO THE STRUCTURES REQUIRE UNPAID 1149 00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:53,240 AND UNDER VALUED WORK OF WOMEN 1150 00:41:53,240 --> 00:41:54,600 BECAUSE THEY NEED MORE FOR LESS 1151 00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:58,840 TO EXTRACT AND EXPLOIT AND WORK 1152 00:41:58,840 --> 00:41:59,520 UPON. 1153 00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:02,480 IF WOMEN ACROSS GENDER AND 1154 00:42:02,480 --> 00:42:04,040 RACIAL IDENTITIES, WHITE WOMEN 1155 00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:05,680 SEEK RACIAL JUSTICE AND THESE 1156 00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:07,120 THINGS, THE SYSTEM IS IN 1157 00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:07,520 TROUBLE. 1158 00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:09,720 AND THEY ARE INTERLINKED. 1159 00:42:09,720 --> 00:42:12,800 WE NEED TO WORK IN A COLLECTIVE 1160 00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:16,360 WAY TO DISMANTLE INTERSEABLITING 1161 00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:18,000 STRUCTURES THAT ARE PERPETUATED 1162 00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:18,800 ALL THE TIME. 1163 00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:21,280 THE HISTORICAL OPPRESSION 1164 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:23,320 CONCEPT IS BROADER AND INCLUSIVE 1165 00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:24,760 OF HISTORICAL TRAUMAS. 1166 00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:28,200 IT INCLUDES THE CONTEMPORARY 1167 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:28,800 FORMS OF OPPRESSION THAT 1168 00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:29,960 CONTINUE AND PERSIST IN THE 1169 00:42:29,960 --> 00:42:32,600 FORMS OF MICRO-AGGRESSION, 1170 00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:32,960 SEXISM, RACISM. 1171 00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:35,840 IT'S INCLUSIVE BUT A LOT OF WHAT 1172 00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:36,400 I FOUND IS THAT PEOPLE ARE 1173 00:42:36,400 --> 00:42:37,800 REALLY AWARE OF WHAT IS 1174 00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:40,120 HAPPENING TODAY, THE ECONOMIC 1175 00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:40,920 INEQUALITIES. 1176 00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:42,280 SO IT'S NOT JUST PATH. 1177 00:42:42,280 --> 00:42:46,400 IT'S STRUCTURES THAT ARE 1178 00:42:46,400 --> 00:42:47,080 PRESENT, IN CLUESIVELY OF THOSE 1179 00:42:47,080 --> 00:42:48,280 THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN EMBODIED 1180 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:51,000 AND IMPOSED, NORMALIZED AND 1181 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:52,080 INTERNALIZED ACROSS THE LEVELS. 1182 00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:54,440 AND IT'S MANIFESTATIONS ARE 1183 00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:56,400 GENDER IMBALANCES AND STRUCTURAL 1184 00:42:56,400 --> 00:42:59,560 VIOLENCE WHICH NOW 2-3 TIMES 1185 00:42:59,560 --> 00:43:02,680 CREATES VIOLENCE FOR INDIGENOUS 1186 00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:02,960 PEOPLES. 1187 00:43:02,960 --> 00:43:04,880 AND PHYSICAL VIOLENCE OR ANY 1188 00:43:04,880 --> 00:43:07,760 LIMITATION BY ANO PRESSOR ON TO 1189 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:09,680 THEO PRESSED OF FREEDOM. 1190 00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:11,800 ALTHOUGH THE TYPES OF VIOLENCE 1191 00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:13,080 MIGHT CHANGE BASED ON THE NEEDS 1192 00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:13,720 OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AT THE 1193 00:43:13,720 --> 00:43:16,920 TIME, MIGHT BE MORE OVERT VERSUS 1194 00:43:16,920 --> 00:43:19,320 MORE UNCONSCIOUS FOR INSTANCE OR 1195 00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:20,840 MORE INSTITUTIONAL AND HARDER TO 1196 00:43:20,840 --> 00:43:22,880 SEE, WHATEVER THE FORMS ARE, THE 1197 00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:24,160 FUNCTION IS THE SAME. 1198 00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:26,560 SO THESE FORMS OF VIOLENCE HAVE 1199 00:43:26,560 --> 00:43:28,520 CHANGED OVER TIME, THEY HAVE THE 1200 00:43:28,520 --> 00:43:29,240 SAME EFFECT. 1201 00:43:29,240 --> 00:43:30,640 SO WHETHER IT'S VIOLENCE IN THE 1202 00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:33,480 FORM OF RACISM OR SEXISM, THESE 1203 00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:34,560 THINGS ARE ALL DOING THE SAME 1204 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:37,040 THING AND THEY PIT PEOPLE 1205 00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:39,680 AGAINST EACH OTHER BECAUSE IT 1206 00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:40,520 DISTRACTS FROM THE STRUCTURES 1207 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:44,840 THAT ARE PERPETUATING THE 1208 00:43:44,840 --> 00:43:45,080 PROBLEM. 1209 00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:47,360 SO IN ADDITION TO LOOKING AT 1210 00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:49,600 HISTORICAL OPPRESSION, THIS 1211 00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:51,160 FRAMEWORK ALSO CENTERS 1212 00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:51,680 RESILIENCE. 1213 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:53,320 AND THESE ARE SOME OF THE 1214 00:43:53,320 --> 00:43:54,840 PROTECTED THAT WE FOUND IN OUR 1215 00:43:54,840 --> 00:43:57,120 RESEARCH THAT ARE AFFIRMED IN 1216 00:43:57,120 --> 00:44:00,520 MUCH OF THE OTHER RESEARCH. 1217 00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:02,000 INDIGENOUS IS AFFIRMING 1218 00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:03,000 THEMSELVES AND CANADIAN 1219 00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:04,440 GOVERNMENT AND ALLOCATING A LOT 1220 00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:06,560 OF GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING TO 1221 00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:10,320 CENTER INDIGENOUS WORLD VIEWS, 1222 00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:13,040 TO REDRESS THE COLONIZATION THAT 1223 00:44:13,040 --> 00:44:13,960 CONTINUES INTO THE PRESENT. 1224 00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:15,800 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE NEED 1225 00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:17,880 TO DO INSTITUTIONALLY BUT IT HAS 1226 00:44:17,880 --> 00:44:18,840 BENEFITS FOR ALL PEOPLE BECAUSE 1227 00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:20,880 THEY ARE PROTECT AND I HAVE 1228 00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:22,920 EXPANSIVE AND ALSO CAN HELP US 1229 00:44:22,920 --> 00:44:24,520 UNDERSTAND WHAT IS THE DOMINANT 1230 00:44:24,520 --> 00:44:29,800 SYSTEM AND WHY ISN'T IT WORKING? 1231 00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:32,000 INDIGENOUS PROTECTIONS INCLUDES 1232 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:32,600 GENDER, FLUID AND FLEXIBLE 1233 00:44:32,600 --> 00:44:34,720 GENDER ROLES COMMON IN PRE 1234 00:44:34,720 --> 00:44:36,480 COLONIAL INDIGENOUS SOCIETIES. 1235 00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:38,640 2-4 GENDER IDENTITIES WERE 1236 00:44:38,640 --> 00:44:39,200 COMMON. 1237 00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:42,640 THESE WERE SACRED STATUSES. 1238 00:44:42,640 --> 00:44:43,000 NOT UNDERMIND. 1239 00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:43,800 PEOPLE WHO WERE DIFFERENT WERE 1240 00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:45,040 LOOKED TO BE HONORED AND THEY 1241 00:44:45,040 --> 00:44:47,200 HAD SPECIAL PERSPECTIVES OTHERS 1242 00:44:47,200 --> 00:44:47,600 COULDN'T PROVIDE. 1243 00:44:47,600 --> 00:44:49,560 SO DIFFERENCES WERE LOOKED AT 1244 00:44:49,560 --> 00:44:50,680 COMPLEMENTARY AND PROVIDING A 1245 00:44:50,680 --> 00:44:53,200 BROADER PIECE OF THE PUZZLE WE 1246 00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:54,640 CAN'T HAVE ON OUR OWN. 1247 00:44:54,640 --> 00:44:57,520 FAMILY AND EXTENDED FAMILY KIN 1248 00:44:57,520 --> 00:44:58,760 SHIP BONDS ARE CENTERED AS WELL 1249 00:44:58,760 --> 00:45:02,160 AS CONNECTION TO LAND AND PLACE, 1250 00:45:02,160 --> 00:45:04,160 FOOD, CULTURAL HEALING AND 1251 00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:06,120 TRADITIONS, THESE ARE CENTRAL 1252 00:45:06,120 --> 00:45:07,400 PROTECTIVE FACTORS THAT ARE 1253 00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:10,160 REALLY SUPPRESSED OVER TIME. 1254 00:45:10,160 --> 00:45:12,040 AND TO CONTRAST THE WESTERN 1255 00:45:12,040 --> 00:45:14,800 EUROPEAN VERSUS INDIGENOUS 1256 00:45:14,800 --> 00:45:17,400 MODELS WITH KNOWLEDGE, WE ARE 1257 00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:19,000 STRUCTURED BY THIS WESTERN 1258 00:45:19,000 --> 00:45:22,280 EUROPEAN VIEW OF POSITIVISM, 1259 00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:23,840 SCIENCE, COMPARTMENTALIZE, 1260 00:45:23,840 --> 00:45:25,520 REMUTUAL THE CONTEXT, 1261 00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:26,800 MEASURABLE, QUANTITY VERSUS 1262 00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:27,320 QUALITY. 1263 00:45:27,320 --> 00:45:27,560 LINEAR. 1264 00:45:27,560 --> 00:45:33,600 AND THIS IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN 1265 00:45:33,600 --> 00:45:35,360 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD WITH 1266 00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:38,080 CYCLICAL, PATTERNS AND IT'S ALSO 1267 00:45:38,080 --> 00:45:39,400 WITH SEEN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF 1268 00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:40,400 LAND ACQUISITION, POSSESSION OR 1269 00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:42,600 HUMAN USE, DISTRACTION VERSUS 1270 00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:43,600 LAND AS SACRED, TAKE ONLY WHAT 1271 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:45,400 HE IS NEEDED, INTERCONNECTION, 1272 00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:47,520 RESPECT FOR ALL HUMAN AND 1273 00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:49,240 NON-HUMAN LIFE. 1274 00:45:49,240 --> 00:45:49,880 HARMONY, BALANCE. 1275 00:45:49,880 --> 00:45:51,360 THESE THINGS ARE VERY DIFFERENT. 1276 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:53,840 THE FAMILY LEVEL WE HAVE IN THE 1277 00:45:53,840 --> 00:45:57,400 WESTERN WORLD VIEW PATRIARCHAL, 1278 00:45:57,400 --> 00:46:00,720 NUCLEAR, HIERARCH ALIX 1279 00:46:00,720 --> 00:46:02,400 ADVERSARIAL, DIRECT. 1280 00:46:02,400 --> 00:46:06,600 VERSUS THE INDIGENOUS WE HAVE 1281 00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:08,040 FEMALE-CENTERED KIN SHIP 1282 00:46:08,040 --> 00:46:09,440 FOCUSED, CIRCUMSTANCIAL, 1283 00:46:09,440 --> 00:46:11,040 RELATIONSHIP ORIENTED. 1284 00:46:11,040 --> 00:46:11,880 AND THE INDIVIDUAL VERSUS 1285 00:46:11,880 --> 00:46:13,800 COLLECTIVE LEVEL, WE HAVE 1286 00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:16,760 INDIVIDUAL FOCUS ON PERSONAL 1287 00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:19,280 ACHIEVEMENT AND COMPETITION, 1288 00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:20,440 HIERARCHY, CONFLICT. 1289 00:46:20,440 --> 00:46:23,440 VERSUS PROCESSING THE INDIGENOUS 1290 00:46:23,440 --> 00:46:24,880 WORLD VIEW, COMMUNITY WELLNESS, 1291 00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:26,400 INTERDEPENDENCE, COLLECTIVE. 1292 00:46:26,400 --> 00:46:28,840 THESE REALLY CLASH AND THE 1293 00:46:28,840 --> 00:46:30,400 INDIGENOUS WORLD VIEW HAS BEENO 1294 00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:32,200 PRESSED ON PURPOSE BECAUSE IT 1295 00:46:32,200 --> 00:46:33,720 REALLY THREATENS THESE 1296 00:46:33,720 --> 00:46:35,720 OPPRESSIVE WORLD VIEWS. 1297 00:46:35,720 --> 00:46:36,240 IT UNDERMINES THEM. 1298 00:46:36,240 --> 00:46:38,920 THE ONLY WAY TO KEEP THESE 1299 00:46:38,920 --> 00:46:39,960 EXSTANCIVE WORLD VIEWS DOWN IS 1300 00:46:39,960 --> 00:46:41,120 TO SUPPRESS AND DEHUMANIZE OVER 1301 00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:49,000 TIME BUT THEY PERSISTED. 1302 00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:49,600 SO WHAT HAPPENS? 1303 00:46:49,600 --> 00:46:51,800 ONE OF THE THINGS I HAVE DONE IN 1304 00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:55,000 MY RESEARCH IS TO SEE HOW THE 1305 00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:56,320 PRE COLONIAL DIE LOGIC OR LIB 1306 00:46:56,320 --> 00:46:57,760 TORY TYPES OF WORLD VIEWINGS 1307 00:46:57,760 --> 00:46:58,640 WERE UNDERMIND AND HOW THAT 1308 00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:00,720 EFFECTED VIOLENCE AND PEOPLE 1309 00:47:00,720 --> 00:47:03,120 ACROSS THESE ECOLOGICAL LEVELS. 1310 00:47:03,120 --> 00:47:08,680 WHAT I FOUND WAS THAT THIS IS 1311 00:47:08,680 --> 00:47:09,320 PAULA'S COLONIAL ANTI-DITA LOGIC 1312 00:47:09,320 --> 00:47:12,920 AND DIE LOGIC WORLD VIEWINGS. 1313 00:47:12,920 --> 00:47:15,040 THE PRE COLONIAL WORLD VIEWS OF 1314 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:16,080 COOPERATION, THE ORGANIZATION, 1315 00:47:16,080 --> 00:47:17,840 CULTURAL SYNTHESIS. 1316 00:47:17,840 --> 00:47:20,040 PRESENT AND STILL PRESENT 1317 00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:22,720 THROUGH COMP TERRY COHESION AND 1318 00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:23,120 INTERRELATEDNESS. 1319 00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:27,160 WITH THE ENTRANCE OF CELTLER 1320 00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:29,720 COLONIZERS, THEY USED ANTI-DIZZ 1321 00:47:29,720 --> 00:47:31,640 LOGIC TACTICS, CONQUEST, WAR, 1322 00:47:31,640 --> 00:47:33,000 DIVIDE AND RULE, FRAGMENT 1323 00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:33,920 COMMUNITIES AND TRIBAL MEMBERS, 1324 00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:36,280 INTRODUCE ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE 1325 00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:38,200 AND TREATIES. 1326 00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:39,920 MANIPULATING POWER THROUGH FALSE 1327 00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:41,120 GENEROSITY AND MISSIONARIES 1328 00:47:41,120 --> 00:47:43,600 THROUGH CULTURAL INVASION AND 1329 00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:47,000 CHANGING THE WORLD VIEW, 1330 00:47:47,000 --> 00:47:48,280 RELIGIOUS OPPRESSION AND 1331 00:47:48,280 --> 00:47:48,600 ASSIMILATION. 1332 00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:51,800 IN THE SAME ANTI-DILOGIC TACTICS 1333 00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:54,600 HAVE BEEN USED ACROSS MORE 1334 00:47:54,600 --> 00:47:55,400 CONTEMPORARILY SOCIETAL 1335 00:47:55,400 --> 00:47:57,680 COMMUNITY AND FAMILY RELATIONAL 1336 00:47:57,680 --> 00:47:58,440 LEVELS. 1337 00:47:58,440 --> 00:48:01,760 SO, THROUGH BOARDING SCHOOLS, 1338 00:48:01,760 --> 00:48:02,440 SHARE CROPPING, DISCRIMINATION, 1339 00:48:02,440 --> 00:48:04,800 YOU CAN SEE THE SAME CONQUESTS, 1340 00:48:04,800 --> 00:48:05,960 DIFFERENT FORMS, DIFFERENT FORMS 1341 00:48:05,960 --> 00:48:08,920 OF VIOLENCE BUT THE SAME 1342 00:48:08,920 --> 00:48:09,200 FUNCTION. 1343 00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:11,000 SAME THING WITH DIVIDE AND RULE. 1344 00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:12,880 FRAGMENTING COMMUNITIES. 1345 00:48:12,880 --> 00:48:14,080 IT'S THIS TRIBE AGAINST THAT 1346 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:14,280 TRIBE. 1347 00:48:14,280 --> 00:48:16,840 FEMALES AGAINST MALES. 1348 00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:19,040 IT'S DIFFERENT RACIAL GROUPS. 1349 00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:19,560 IT'S FRAGMENTATION. 1350 00:48:19,560 --> 00:48:20,200 THE PEOPLE WORK TOGETHER THEY 1351 00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:20,840 ARE MUCH MORE POWERFUL. 1352 00:48:20,840 --> 00:48:23,200 THERE IS A FEAR OF FREEDOM 1353 00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:23,840 BECAUSE OF REAL VIOLENCE IF YOU 1354 00:48:23,840 --> 00:48:26,480 SPEAK OUT WHICH IS LED TO THE 1355 00:48:26,480 --> 00:48:28,440 CULTURAL OF SILENCE OR 1356 00:48:28,440 --> 00:48:29,600 DIFFICULTY IN HAVING A VOICE 1357 00:48:29,600 --> 00:48:31,400 BECAUSE IT'S BEEN SUPPRESSED. 1358 00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:35,200 PEOPLE DON'T FEEL LIKE THEY ARE 1359 00:48:35,200 --> 00:48:35,840 LIBERATED TO STRIKE OUT AGAINST 1360 00:48:35,840 --> 00:48:37,480 THE STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE. 1361 00:48:37,480 --> 00:48:39,880 THERE SAY LOT MORE UNTOLD 1362 00:48:39,880 --> 00:48:40,920 VIOLENCE FOR PEOPLE OF LOWER 1363 00:48:40,920 --> 00:48:42,960 LEVELS, WOMEN AND CHILDREN, 1364 00:48:42,960 --> 00:48:44,800 SUBOPPRESSION IMPOSED THROUGH 1365 00:48:44,800 --> 00:48:45,800 THE U.S. GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE 1366 00:48:45,800 --> 00:48:48,040 AND BEING IMPOSED TRIBAL 1367 00:48:48,040 --> 00:48:48,600 GOVERNMENT. 1368 00:48:48,600 --> 00:48:52,120 SO, THAT SAME SYSTEM HAS BEEN 1369 00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:52,920 REPLICATED SOMETIMES. 1370 00:48:52,920 --> 00:48:54,960 CORPORATE INTERESTS HAVE COME IN 1371 00:48:54,960 --> 00:48:58,640 AND RUN A LOT OF THE ECONOMIC 1372 00:48:58,640 --> 00:49:00,400 MATTERS IN TRIBAL COMMUNITIES. 1373 00:49:00,400 --> 00:49:01,880 AND THEN ALSO THIS 1374 00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:03,720 DEHUMANIZATION OF GENDER ROLES 1375 00:49:03,720 --> 00:49:05,760 AND USING WOMEN AND CHANGING 1376 00:49:05,760 --> 00:49:08,040 THEIR STATUS, THE HIGH RATES OF 1377 00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:10,520 VIOLENCE, HIGH RATES OF OVERLOAD 1378 00:49:10,520 --> 00:49:12,040 FOR INDIGENOUS WHIPSES IS 1379 00:49:12,040 --> 00:49:13,200 OPPOSITE OF WHAT WE FOUND BEFORE 1380 00:49:13,200 --> 00:49:16,840 AS WELL AS PEOPLE COPING WITH 1381 00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:17,360 THIS OPPRESSION THROUGH 1382 00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:19,640 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VIOLENCE. 1383 00:49:19,640 --> 00:49:20,960 AT THE RELATIONAL LEVEL, YOU CAN 1384 00:49:20,960 --> 00:49:24,480 SEE THIS IN THE POWER CONTROL 1385 00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:25,720 WHEEL VERY SIMILAR HERE. 1386 00:49:25,720 --> 00:49:28,640 WE SEE THE SAME COLONIAL TOOLS 1387 00:49:28,640 --> 00:49:30,880 OF CONQUEST AT THE SOCIETY 1388 00:49:30,880 --> 00:49:32,800 LEVEL, INTERPERSONAL LEVEL USING 1389 00:49:32,800 --> 00:49:35,840 CONTROL, THREATS, STOCKING. 1390 00:49:35,840 --> 00:49:39,360 SAME IN THE SETTLER COLONIAL 1391 00:49:39,360 --> 00:49:39,880 TACTICS. 1392 00:49:39,880 --> 00:49:41,640 WE SEE PEOPLE I GUESS LATING 1393 00:49:41,640 --> 00:49:44,520 EACH OTHER FROM FAMILIES, EWING 1394 00:49:44,520 --> 00:49:48,480 LAW AND POLICY, ECONOMIC 1395 00:49:48,480 --> 00:49:50,680 MANIPULATION AND MINIMIZING. 1396 00:49:50,680 --> 00:49:52,080 THE INVASION OF THE INVASION OF 1397 00:49:52,080 --> 00:49:53,040 LOSS OF SELF. 1398 00:49:53,040 --> 00:49:54,720 PEOPLE LOSING THEMSELVES, 1399 00:49:54,720 --> 00:49:57,040 FEELING INTERNALIZED OPPRESSION 1400 00:49:57,040 --> 00:49:58,480 AND ACCUMULATIVE VILE EXPENSE IS 1401 00:49:58,480 --> 00:50:00,480 SUBSTANCE ABUSE. 1402 00:50:00,480 --> 00:50:02,640 WHAT I FOUND IN RESEARCH THESE 1403 00:50:02,640 --> 00:50:03,720 SAME TACTICS CAN BE FOUND AT ALL 1404 00:50:03,720 --> 00:50:07,680 LEVELS AND THEY DO RELATE TO 1405 00:50:07,680 --> 00:50:08,840 VILE EXPENSE IS THEY ARE THESE 1406 00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:11,440 INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF COLONIAL 1407 00:50:11,440 --> 00:50:14,040 SETTLER HISTORICAL OPPRESSION. 1408 00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:16,440 HOWEVER, DESPITE THAT, WHAT I 1409 00:50:16,440 --> 00:50:18,040 STILL SEE IN THE WORK IS THAT 1410 00:50:18,040 --> 00:50:20,720 PEOPLE HAVE THESE DILOGIC 1411 00:50:20,720 --> 00:50:25,520 QUALITIES STILL EMERGENT IN THE 1412 00:50:25,520 --> 00:50:29,040 THREE Rs AND THAT GROUNDED 1413 00:50:29,040 --> 00:50:30,480 DIALOGUE CANNOT EXIST EXCEPT IN 1414 00:50:30,480 --> 00:50:30,800 PROFOUND LOVE. 1415 00:50:30,800 --> 00:50:32,440 AND GROUNDED IN RESPONSIBILITIES 1416 00:50:32,440 --> 00:50:34,600 TO COMMUNITIES IN RELATIONS WITH 1417 00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:36,680 FAMILY, EXTENDED FAMILY IN 1418 00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:38,800 RELATION TO COME FROM GENDER 1419 00:50:38,800 --> 00:50:39,400 BACKGROUNDS. 1420 00:50:39,400 --> 00:50:42,040 SO HOW PEOPLE ACROSS 500 YEARS 1421 00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:44,680 OF INJUSTICE CAN HAVE THESE SAME 1422 00:50:44,680 --> 00:50:45,160 SPRAWLS WORLD VIEWS? 1423 00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:49,240 THAT IS AMAZING IT'S 1424 00:50:49,240 --> 00:50:49,640 TRANSCENDENT. 1425 00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:51,440 SO THERE IS SO MUCH FREEDOM THAT 1426 00:50:51,440 --> 00:50:52,800 CAN BE FOUND BY CENTERING THESE 1427 00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:56,720 WORLD VIEWS THAT ARE PERSIST 1428 00:50:56,720 --> 00:50:57,200 ONLY FOR CENTURIES. 1429 00:50:57,200 --> 00:51:01,080 THIS ALL IN FORMS THE RESEARCH 1430 00:51:01,080 --> 00:51:02,520 OF THE HEALTHY FAMILIES PROGRAM 1431 00:51:02,520 --> 00:51:04,320 THAT CENTERS THESE FACTORS TO 1432 00:51:04,320 --> 00:51:06,920 SEE WHETHER IT PREVENTS AND 1433 00:51:06,920 --> 00:51:07,800 REDUCES SUBSTANCE ABUSE. 1434 00:51:07,800 --> 00:51:09,080 WE USED IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE 1435 00:51:09,080 --> 00:51:11,320 TO SEE WHAT IS HELPING AND 1436 00:51:11,320 --> 00:51:12,600 HURTING. 1437 00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:14,880 THE BARRIERS OF THE FACILITATORS 1438 00:51:14,880 --> 00:51:16,440 TO BE USED IN THE COMMUNITY. 1439 00:51:16,440 --> 00:51:18,760 WE USED mHEALTH TO HELP 1440 00:51:18,760 --> 00:51:20,000 REINFORCE THE TEACHINGS IN THIS 1441 00:51:20,000 --> 00:51:23,560 THROUGH OUR COVID SETTLEMENT. 1442 00:51:23,560 --> 00:51:25,960 THIS 10-SESSION PROGRAM STARTS 1443 00:51:25,960 --> 00:51:28,480 WITH THE FAMILY MEAL WHERE WE 1444 00:51:28,480 --> 00:51:29,760 INTEGRATE TRIBAL FOOD WAYS AND 1445 00:51:29,760 --> 00:51:32,480 THE FRAMEWORK OF HISTORICAL 1446 00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:33,480 OPPRESSION AND RESILIENCE. 1447 00:51:33,480 --> 00:51:36,120 PEOPLE SHARE MEALS AND HAVE 1448 00:51:36,120 --> 00:51:38,040 POSITIVE RITUALS BEFORE THEY GO 1449 00:51:38,040 --> 00:51:39,480 OFF INTO DEPARTMENTALLY TAILORED 1450 00:51:39,480 --> 00:51:41,760 GROUPS WHERE THEY LEARN THE SAME 1451 00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:43,920 LESSON IN TAILORED WAYS AND KEY 1452 00:51:43,920 --> 00:51:47,000 COVER THINGS LIKE RESILIENCE, 1453 00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:50,200 COMMUNICATION, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, 1454 00:51:50,200 --> 00:51:51,120 HEALTHIER RELATIONSHIPS, THE 1455 00:51:51,120 --> 00:51:53,000 FRAMEWORK I MENTIONED. 1456 00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:55,360 AND WE INFUSED, STARTING WITH 1457 00:51:55,360 --> 00:51:57,160 TALKING CIRCLES AND THROUGHOUT 1458 00:51:57,160 --> 00:51:59,080 WE HAVE TRIBAL VALUES. 1459 00:51:59,080 --> 00:52:02,480 MEDICINE WHEEL, FAMILY FOCUS. 1460 00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:04,400 SO THESE PARTS ARE CENTERED AND 1461 00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:06,120 WE ALLOW THAT RELATIONSHIP AND 1462 00:52:06,120 --> 00:52:10,280 NOT SO MUCH OF THE CONTENT. 1463 00:52:10,280 --> 00:52:12,800 SO WE FOUND THAT EVEN -- WE ARE 1464 00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,360 CURRENTLY TESTING OVER 100 1465 00:52:15,360 --> 00:52:15,680 FAMILIES. 1466 00:52:15,680 --> 00:52:16,920 EVEN THE PILOT STUDY WHICH WE 1467 00:52:16,920 --> 00:52:21,080 USED CULTURALLY RELEVANT 1468 00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:23,200 MEASURES OF HISTORICAL 1469 00:52:23,200 --> 00:52:24,000 OPPRESSION IN RESILIENCE, WE 1470 00:52:24,000 --> 00:52:25,800 FOUND REDUCTIONS AFTER THE PILOT 1471 00:52:25,800 --> 00:52:26,040 ALREADY. 1472 00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:28,880 WE FOUND FEELINGS OF 1473 00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:29,360 CONNECTEDNESS WITH OUR 1474 00:52:29,360 --> 00:52:30,040 COMMUNICATEDY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 1475 00:52:30,040 --> 00:52:31,360 INCREASED. 1476 00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:33,040 FAMILY RESILIENCE AND FAMILY 1477 00:52:33,040 --> 00:52:36,920 POSITIVE PARENTING INCREASED. 1478 00:52:36,920 --> 00:52:37,720 THE ABILITY TO MANAGE COMPLEX 1479 00:52:37,720 --> 00:52:39,000 THROUGH COMMUNICATION INSTEAD OF 1480 00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:40,200 VIOLENCE INCREASED. 1481 00:52:40,200 --> 00:52:43,120 RESILIENCE AND HEALTH PRACTICES 1482 00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:45,440 ANDEE MOTIONAL REGULATION AND 1483 00:52:45,440 --> 00:52:46,360 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY WERE IMPROVED 1484 00:52:46,360 --> 00:52:47,360 AFTER THE INTERVENTION. 1485 00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:49,040 WE FOUND THAT SUBSTANCE ABUSE, 1486 00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:51,520 ALCOHOL WAS REDUCED 3 FOLD FOR 1487 00:52:51,520 --> 00:52:53,880 PEOPLE AND THERE WAS A GENDER 1488 00:52:53,880 --> 00:52:55,000 DIFFERENCE WITH MEN HAVING A 1489 00:52:55,000 --> 00:52:58,560 GREATER REDUCTION LIKELY BECAUSE 1490 00:52:58,560 --> 00:53:00,040 OF THE -- WE FOUND INTERESTINGLY 1491 00:53:00,040 --> 00:53:02,240 THAT PEOPLE WHO REPORTED HIGHER 1492 00:53:02,240 --> 00:53:03,760 LEVELS OF HISTORICAL OPPRESSION 1493 00:53:03,760 --> 00:53:05,680 FOUND GREATER REDUCTIONS ON A 1494 00:53:05,680 --> 00:53:07,960 LOT OF THESE SYMPTOMS INDICATING 1495 00:53:07,960 --> 00:53:08,800 WHEN PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THEIR 1496 00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:11,360 SOCIAL OR MENTAL OR PHYSICAL 1497 00:53:11,360 --> 00:53:12,360 PROBLEMS, RELATED TO STRUCTURAL 1498 00:53:12,360 --> 00:53:14,320 CLASSES, THEY FIND RELIEF JUST 1499 00:53:14,320 --> 00:53:14,880 FROM THAT. 1500 00:53:14,880 --> 00:53:17,120 KNOWING IT WASN'T THEM THE WHOLE 1501 00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:17,840 TIME THAT OF COURSE THEY FEEL 1502 00:53:17,840 --> 00:53:19,480 THIS WAY BECAUSE LOOK AT THE 1503 00:53:19,480 --> 00:53:21,920 STRUCTURES MAKING YOU DO THAT OR 1504 00:53:21,920 --> 00:53:22,360 CAUSING THAT. 1505 00:53:22,360 --> 00:53:25,400 IT HELPS THEM HEAL BECAUSE THEY 1506 00:53:25,400 --> 00:53:27,240 CAN DISMANTLE THE INTERNAL 1507 00:53:27,240 --> 00:53:28,600 STRUCTURES OF DEHUMANIZATION 1508 00:53:28,600 --> 00:53:29,320 THAT WERE IMPOSED. 1509 00:53:29,320 --> 00:53:31,600 WE SAW PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL 1510 00:53:31,600 --> 00:53:34,200 VIOLENCE REDUCED AS WELL AS 1511 00:53:34,200 --> 00:53:35,440 ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AS WELL. 1512 00:53:35,440 --> 00:53:39,400 SO IMPORTANTLY, TO END HERE, WE 1513 00:53:39,400 --> 00:53:40,400 HAVE A TON OF COMMUNITY 1514 00:53:40,400 --> 00:53:41,840 SUSTAINABILITY I. 1515 00:53:41,840 --> 00:53:43,200 WE PAY HALF FUNDING GOING 1516 00:53:43,200 --> 00:53:45,880 DIRECTLY TO PEOPLE WHO ARE 1517 00:53:45,880 --> 00:53:48,920 CHEFS, COMMUNITY HEALTH 1518 00:53:48,920 --> 00:53:49,520 REPRESENTATIVES, STIPENDS FOR 1519 00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:51,080 FAMILIES, PEOPLE ARE GETTING 1520 00:53:51,080 --> 00:53:51,920 TRAINED AND HIGHER EDUCATION. 1521 00:53:51,920 --> 00:53:54,760 WE HAVE COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARD 1522 00:53:54,760 --> 00:53:56,840 THAT LEADS THIS. 1523 00:53:56,840 --> 00:53:57,560 WE ARE WORKING WITH INSTITUTIONS 1524 00:53:57,560 --> 00:53:59,200 IN THE COMMUNITIES THAT ARE 1525 00:53:59,200 --> 00:54:00,160 TAKING THIS FORWARD. 1526 00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:01,200 WE HAVE PLANS AND HAVE TRAINED 1527 00:54:01,200 --> 00:54:02,160 PEOPLE IN ALL OF THE AGENCIES 1528 00:54:02,160 --> 00:54:04,760 WHO WILL CONTINUE THIS AFTER THE 1529 00:54:04,760 --> 00:54:06,680 GRANT RUNS OUT. 1530 00:54:06,680 --> 00:54:09,920 OVER ALMOST 90% OF THE FAMILIES 1531 00:54:09,920 --> 00:54:10,520 WHO START STAY IN THE PROGRAM 1532 00:54:10,520 --> 00:54:11,080 WHICH IS 560 PEOPLE WHICH IS 1533 00:54:11,080 --> 00:54:11,520 REALLY, REALLY HIGH. 1534 00:54:11,520 --> 00:54:14,120 ABOUT TWICE AS HIGH AS USUAL. 1535 00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:19,080 AND WE INVITE PEOPLE BACK FOR 1536 00:54:19,080 --> 00:54:19,640 FAMILY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 1537 00:54:19,640 --> 00:54:20,280 REPRESENTATIVES TALKING CIRCLES. 1538 00:54:20,280 --> 00:54:20,920 SO CONTINUE THE DIALOGUE OF NOT 1539 00:54:20,920 --> 00:54:21,760 ONLY JUST ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND 1540 00:54:21,760 --> 00:54:24,920 THEMSELVES BUT THIS DECOLONIZING 1541 00:54:24,920 --> 00:54:25,480 DIALOGUE. 1542 00:54:25,480 --> 00:54:26,160 WE DO THE RESEARCH LEVEL IN OUR 1543 00:54:26,160 --> 00:54:29,400 TEAMS TO UNDERSTAND HOW OUR 1544 00:54:29,400 --> 00:54:30,320 COLONIAL MINDSET 1545 00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:31,360 INSTITUTIONALIZING OUR LIVESES 1546 00:54:31,360 --> 00:54:33,000 AND IN OUR PROCESS. 1547 00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:35,680 SO WE TRY TO DISMANTLE THOSE IN 1548 00:54:35,680 --> 00:54:36,440 OUR RESEARCH PROCESS. 1549 00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:38,560 WE USE TEXT MESSAGE REMINDERS TO 1550 00:54:38,560 --> 00:54:41,080 AFFIRM EDUCATIONAL MESSAGES THAT 1551 00:54:41,080 --> 00:54:42,240 THEY GET IN THE SESSIONS AND 1552 00:54:42,240 --> 00:54:45,480 IT'S BEEN REALLY GROWING AND 1553 00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:45,960 WILL CONTINUE TO GROW. 1554 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:48,280 WE DO OFFER VIRTUAL OPTION 1555 00:54:48,280 --> 00:54:49,320 WHEN'S IT COMES TO COVID BUT WE 1556 00:54:49,320 --> 00:54:51,440 HAD A REALLY GREAT SUCCESS AND 1557 00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:55,200 IT'S BEEN REALLY GREAT. 1558 00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:57,320 I WANT TO END TODAY WITH, AFTER 1559 00:54:57,320 --> 00:55:00,440 HAVING HEARD WHAT WE HEARD 1560 00:55:00,440 --> 00:55:01,920 TODAY, AND WHO AND WHAT IS THIS 1561 00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:02,640 INTERVENTION REALLY FOR AND WHAT 1562 00:55:02,640 --> 00:55:04,280 IS CAUSING IT? 1563 00:55:04,280 --> 00:55:05,800 SO ASKING OURSELVES HOW HAVE 1564 00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:06,400 INSTITUTIONS AND PROFESSIONALS 1565 00:55:06,400 --> 00:55:09,480 AND ACADEMIA RESEARCH BEEN 1566 00:55:09,480 --> 00:55:11,600 COMPLICIT IN THE PER PET 1567 00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:11,840 ALLIESING? 1568 00:55:11,840 --> 00:55:13,720 HOW DOES IT AFFECT SOCIETY AND 1569 00:55:13,720 --> 00:55:14,960 THE WORLD AND THE IT'S PEOPLE? 1570 00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:15,680 IS THIS THE TYPE OF WORLD WE 1571 00:55:15,680 --> 00:55:18,200 WANT TO LIVE IN? 1572 00:55:18,200 --> 00:55:21,800 AND IF SO, IF IT'S WORKING FOR 1573 00:55:21,800 --> 00:55:21,960 WHO? 1574 00:55:21,960 --> 00:55:23,080 AND WHO IS IT NOT WORKING FOR 1575 00:55:23,080 --> 00:55:26,360 AND WHAT ACTIONS AM I DOING TO 1576 00:55:26,360 --> 00:55:27,480 BE COMPLICIT IN DRIVING DOMINANT 1577 00:55:27,480 --> 00:55:28,080 VERSUS LIBERATING STRUCTURES? 1578 00:55:28,080 --> 00:55:30,920 WE HAVE TO LOOK AT OUR HISTORY. 1579 00:55:30,920 --> 00:55:31,640 YOU CAN E-MAIL ME. 1580 00:55:31,640 --> 00:55:35,880 I HAVE A WORKSHOP ON DISMANTLING 1581 00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:38,680 COLONIAL MINDSET FOR SELF CARE 1582 00:55:38,680 --> 00:55:39,640 AND MORE ON WORLD VIEWS. 1583 00:55:39,640 --> 00:55:40,200 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR 1584 00:55:40,200 --> 00:55:42,000 TIME AND I REALLY ENJOYED 1585 00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:43,200 SPENDING TIME WITH YOU. 1586 00:55:43,200 --> 00:55:46,440 THANK YOU. 1587 00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:47,840 >>THANK YOU VERY MUCH, 1588 00:55:47,840 --> 00:55:50,760 DR. CATHERINE MCKINLEY FOR THAT 1589 00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:51,960 POWERFUL TALK. 1590 00:55:51,960 --> 00:55:53,840 NOW I WILL TURN IT OVER TO 1591 00:55:53,840 --> 00:55:58,520 DR. ARGHAVAN SALLES. 1592 00:55:58,520 --> 00:56:01,080 >>ARGHAVAN SALLES: IT LOOKS 1593 00:56:01,080 --> 00:56:02,560 LIKE SOMEBODY IS SHARING. 1594 00:56:02,560 --> 00:56:03,680 KATHLEEN, I CAN SHARE FROM HERE 1595 00:56:03,680 --> 00:56:07,680 IF THAT'S OKAY. 1596 00:56:07,680 --> 00:56:09,000 THANK YOU. 1597 00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:09,560 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE 1598 00:56:09,560 --> 00:56:10,080 OPPORTUNITY TO BE HERE. 1599 00:56:10,080 --> 00:56:12,200 MY TALK IS A LITTLE BIT 1600 00:56:12,200 --> 00:56:13,640 DIFFERENT FROM THE OTHER TWO IN 1601 00:56:13,640 --> 00:56:14,280 THIS SESSION. 1602 00:56:14,280 --> 00:56:16,440 SO HOPEFULLY PEOPLE WILL GET 1603 00:56:16,440 --> 00:56:19,200 SOMETHING OUT OF IT. 1604 00:56:19,200 --> 00:56:21,240 I JUST HAVE SOME QUICK DIGS 1605 00:56:21,240 --> 00:56:21,920 CLOSURES. 1606 00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:24,120 I DO CONSULTING WORK WITH THE 1607 00:56:24,120 --> 00:56:27,960 INTUITIVE FOUNDATION AND 1608 00:56:27,960 --> 00:56:28,600 SURGICAL ROBOTIC COMPANY AND I'M 1609 00:56:28,600 --> 00:56:31,880 A COLLABORATOR WITH EXPONENTIAL 1610 00:56:31,880 --> 00:56:32,440 TALENT, DIVERSITY EQUITY AND 1611 00:56:32,440 --> 00:56:34,120 INCLUSION CONSULTING FIRM. 1612 00:56:34,120 --> 00:56:35,920 I ALSO LIKE TO START WITH SOME 1613 00:56:35,920 --> 00:56:37,320 POSITIONALITY AS OTHER FOLKS 1614 00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:38,280 HAVE DONE. 1615 00:56:38,280 --> 00:56:42,720 I'M A CISGENDER WOMAN, MY 1616 00:56:42,720 --> 00:56:43,160 PRONOUNCE ARE SHE/HER. 1617 00:56:43,160 --> 00:56:46,360 I HAPPEN TO HAVE A HETEROSEXUAL 1618 00:56:46,360 --> 00:56:47,400 ORIENTATION. 1619 00:56:47,400 --> 00:56:53,240 I COME TO YOU FROM THE -- LAND 1620 00:56:53,240 --> 00:56:56,520 AND RECOGNIZE THAT THOSE ARE THE 1621 00:56:56,520 --> 00:56:58,240 FOLKS TO WHOM THIS LAND BELONGS 1622 00:56:58,240 --> 00:57:02,120 AND REPARATIONS NEED TO BE MADE. 1623 00:57:02,120 --> 00:57:03,880 I ALSO AMMAN IMMIGRANT. 1624 00:57:03,880 --> 00:57:06,280 USUALLY THIS ISN'T A BIG PART OF 1625 00:57:06,280 --> 00:57:08,840 MY TALK BUT I'M FROM IRAN AND 1626 00:57:08,840 --> 00:57:11,200 TODAY ESPECIALLY I FEEL THAT I 1627 00:57:11,200 --> 00:57:13,200 JUST NEED TO MAKE A COMMENT ON 1628 00:57:13,200 --> 00:57:13,400 THAT. 1629 00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:15,360 TODAY IS THE 40th DAY AFTER 1630 00:57:15,360 --> 00:57:18,160 THE MURDER OF -- BY THE POLICE 1631 00:57:18,160 --> 00:57:20,360 THAT LED TO NOW COMING UP ON TO 1632 00:57:20,360 --> 00:57:22,640 SIX WEEKS OF PROTESTS IN IRAN AS 1633 00:57:22,640 --> 00:57:24,600 PEOPLE FIGHT FOR PRE DOMESTIC. 1634 00:57:24,600 --> 00:57:25,080 AND ANYWAY, JUST WANT TO 1635 00:57:25,080 --> 00:57:27,240 ACKNOWLEDGE THAT AND SHARE THAT 1636 00:57:27,240 --> 00:57:31,400 THAT IS THE SPACE THAT I'M IN. 1637 00:57:31,400 --> 00:57:33,520 SO I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT 1638 00:57:33,520 --> 00:57:35,760 DIFFERENT FROM WHAT OTHER FOLKS 1639 00:57:35,760 --> 00:57:36,640 HAVE TALKED ABOUT. 1640 00:57:36,640 --> 00:57:39,960 I'M A PHYSICIAN BY TRAINING AND 1641 00:57:39,960 --> 00:57:41,920 SO I SPEND A LOT OF TIME 1642 00:57:41,920 --> 00:57:43,360 THINKING ABOUT PATIENT CARE. 1643 00:57:43,360 --> 00:57:46,000 MY RESEARCH IS ALL ON THE 1644 00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:46,280 WORKFORCE. 1645 00:57:46,280 --> 00:57:47,560 SO WHO IS PROVIDING THAT CARE TO 1646 00:57:47,560 --> 00:57:48,880 PATIENTS AND WHAT ARE THE 1647 00:57:48,880 --> 00:57:51,720 CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH WE ARE 1648 00:57:51,720 --> 00:57:52,320 WORKING? 1649 00:57:52,320 --> 00:57:53,960 AND THESE TWO ARE LINKED. 1650 00:57:53,960 --> 00:57:55,800 SO OUR PATIENT CARE OUTCOMES ARE 1651 00:57:55,800 --> 00:57:58,400 LINKED TO WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH 1652 00:57:58,400 --> 00:57:59,320 THE WORKFORCE. 1653 00:57:59,320 --> 00:58:01,880 USUALLY I START OUT BY JUST 1654 00:58:01,880 --> 00:58:04,480 SHARING SOME DATA TO SUPPORT 1655 00:58:04,480 --> 00:58:05,040 THAT SUPPOSITION. 1656 00:58:05,040 --> 00:58:06,880 SO ONE, THERE ARE STUDIES THAT 1657 00:58:06,880 --> 00:58:09,840 SHOW THAT PATIENTS PREFER TO BE 1658 00:58:09,840 --> 00:58:10,560 CARED FOR BY PEOPLE WHO LOOK 1659 00:58:10,560 --> 00:58:10,840 LIKE THEM. 1660 00:58:10,840 --> 00:58:13,480 THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO ADHERE 1661 00:58:13,480 --> 00:58:15,160 TO TREATMENT PLANS AND THEY ARE 1662 00:58:15,160 --> 00:58:16,760 MORE CERTIFIED WITH THEIR 1663 00:58:16,760 --> 00:58:17,120 INTERACTIONS. 1664 00:58:17,120 --> 00:58:17,880 AND THEN I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT A 1665 00:58:17,880 --> 00:58:20,120 COUPLE OF STUDIES THAT LOOK 1666 00:58:20,120 --> 00:58:26,160 SPECIFICALLY AT OUTCOMES SUCH AS 1667 00:58:26,160 --> 00:58:28,400 MORTALITY, READMISSIONS, 1668 00:58:28,400 --> 00:58:28,680 ET CETERA. 1669 00:58:28,680 --> 00:58:30,560 SO ONE IS LOOKING AT WOMEN WHO 1670 00:58:30,560 --> 00:58:32,320 PRESENT TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS 1671 00:58:32,320 --> 00:58:34,440 WITH SYMPTOMS OF A HEART ATTACK. 1672 00:58:34,440 --> 00:58:36,280 AND BASICALLY THIS STUDY WHICH 1673 00:58:36,280 --> 00:58:37,760 CAME OUT A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO, 1674 00:58:37,760 --> 00:58:40,200 FOUND THAT WOMEN WERE MORE 1675 00:58:40,200 --> 00:58:41,440 LIKELY TO DIE, IN OTHER WORDS 1676 00:58:41,440 --> 00:58:43,040 LESS LIKELY TO SURVIVE IF THE 1677 00:58:43,040 --> 00:58:44,520 PHYSICIAN CARING FOR THEM WAS A 1678 00:58:44,520 --> 00:58:47,720 MAN THAN IF IT WERE A WOMAN. 1679 00:58:47,720 --> 00:58:49,600 AND ADMITTEDLY PRETTY MUCH ALL 1680 00:58:49,600 --> 00:58:51,200 THE RESEARCH I'M GOING TO 1681 00:58:51,200 --> 00:58:53,000 PRESENT TO YOU AROUND THIS TOPIC 1682 00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:56,440 USES A BINARY GENDER FRAMEWORK 1683 00:58:56,440 --> 00:58:57,560 WHICH I THINK THOSE OF US HERE 1684 00:58:57,560 --> 00:58:59,400 CAN AGREE IS INADEQUATE BUT THAT 1685 00:58:59,400 --> 00:59:01,600 IS CURRENTLY WHAT WE HAVE TO 1686 00:59:01,600 --> 00:59:02,040 WORK WITH. 1687 00:59:02,040 --> 00:59:03,480 THE OTHER REALLY INTERESTING 1688 00:59:03,480 --> 00:59:05,240 THING FROM THAT STUDY IS THAT 1689 00:59:05,240 --> 00:59:07,640 NOT ONLY DID WOMEN PATIENTS HAVE 1690 00:59:07,640 --> 00:59:09,040 BETTER OUTCOMES IN THE HANDS OF 1691 00:59:09,040 --> 00:59:12,000 WOMEN PHYSICIANS BUT MORE WOMEN 1692 00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:13,160 PHYSICIANS BEING PRESENT IN AN 1693 00:59:13,160 --> 00:59:13,800 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT BEING ON 1694 00:59:13,800 --> 00:59:16,040 STAFF IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT 1695 00:59:16,040 --> 00:59:19,200 LED TO BETTER OUTCOMES FOR WOMEN 1696 00:59:19,200 --> 00:59:19,920 PATIENTS OVERALL WHEN THEY CAME 1697 00:59:19,920 --> 00:59:20,520 TO THAT EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT 1698 00:59:20,520 --> 00:59:22,560 EVEN IF THEY WERE CARED FOR 1699 00:59:22,560 --> 00:59:24,240 DIRECTLY BY A MAN INSTEAD OF A 1700 00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:25,120 WOMAN. 1701 00:59:25,120 --> 00:59:27,360 THERE SEEMS TO BE SOME DIFFUSIVE 1702 00:59:27,360 --> 00:59:31,160 BENEFIT TO HAVING MORE WOMEN 1703 00:59:31,160 --> 00:59:32,360 AROUND. 1704 00:59:32,360 --> 00:59:34,040 AND THEN WITH REGARD TO RACE, 1705 00:59:34,040 --> 00:59:35,560 MULTIPLE STUDIES I'M GOING TO 1706 00:59:35,560 --> 00:59:36,800 JUST HIGHLIGHT ONE, WHICH HAS TO 1707 00:59:36,800 --> 00:59:39,840 DO WITH NEWBORN MORTALITY. 1708 00:59:39,840 --> 00:59:42,840 SO THERE IS A RACIAL DISPARITY 1709 00:59:42,840 --> 00:59:46,160 THERE, BLACK INFANTS IN THIS 1710 00:59:46,160 --> 00:59:47,160 COUNTRY ARE MORE LIKELY TO DIE 1711 00:59:47,160 --> 00:59:47,640 THAN WHITE INFANTS. 1712 00:59:47,640 --> 00:59:51,360 THIS IS ANOTHER STUDY THAT WAS 1713 00:59:51,360 --> 00:59:52,680 DONE LOOKING AT THE CONCORDANCE. 1714 00:59:52,680 --> 00:59:56,280 BUT INSTEAD OF LOOKING BY 1715 00:59:56,280 --> 00:59:58,720 GENDER, THEY LOOKED BY RACE. 1716 00:59:58,720 --> 00:59:59,840 AND THEY FOUND FOR WHITE 1717 00:59:59,840 --> 01:00:00,880 NEWBORNS, THEY WERE EQUALLY 1718 01:00:00,880 --> 01:00:02,680 LIKELY TO SURVIVE, EQUALLY 1719 01:00:02,680 --> 01:00:04,360 LIKELY TO DIE REGARDLESS OF THE 1720 01:00:04,360 --> 01:00:07,200 RACE OF THEIR PHYSICIAN. 1721 01:00:07,200 --> 01:00:07,880 BUT BLACK NEWBORNS WERE MUCH 1722 01:00:07,880 --> 01:00:09,360 LESS LIKELY TO DIE IF THE 1723 01:00:09,360 --> 01:00:11,960 PHYSICIAN CARING FOR THEM WAS 1724 01:00:11,960 --> 01:00:12,880 BLACK RATHER THAN WHITE. 1725 01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:14,640 SO IT IS A SIGNIFICANT SHRINKING 1726 01:00:14,640 --> 01:00:17,440 OF THAT RACIAL DISPARITY IN 1727 01:00:17,440 --> 01:00:19,600 NEWBORN OUTCOMES WHEN THERE WAS 1728 01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:21,080 RACIAL CONCORDANCE. 1729 01:00:21,080 --> 01:00:22,880 I SHARE THESE THINGS BECAUSE A 1730 01:00:22,880 --> 01:00:24,560 LOT OF TIMES WHEN I GIVE TALKS 1731 01:00:24,560 --> 01:00:28,920 TO OTHER AUDIENCES, THEY THINK 1732 01:00:28,920 --> 01:00:30,640 THIS IS ALL FLUFF. 1733 01:00:30,640 --> 01:00:33,680 THAT CARING ABOUT WHO IS IN THE 1734 01:00:33,680 --> 01:00:34,320 WORKFORCE IS IRRELEVANT AND WE 1735 01:00:34,320 --> 01:00:37,120 NEED TO FOCUS ON THE SCIENCE. 1736 01:00:37,120 --> 01:00:38,800 AND OF COURSE YOU ALL KNOW THAT 1737 01:00:38,800 --> 01:00:41,200 THIS IS ALSO SCIENCE. 1738 01:00:41,200 --> 01:00:41,800 AND WHAT SCIENCE IS TELLING US 1739 01:00:41,800 --> 01:00:43,520 IS THAT WE NEED TO DO BETTER BY 1740 01:00:43,520 --> 01:00:46,440 OUR PATIENTS AND PART OF THAT IS 1741 01:00:46,440 --> 01:00:49,120 BY DOING BETTER BY OUR WORKFORCE 1742 01:00:49,120 --> 01:00:49,400 WORKFORCE. 1743 01:00:49,400 --> 01:00:50,400 SO JUST STEPPING BACK A LITTLE 1744 01:00:50,400 --> 01:00:52,600 BIT AND LOOKING AT OUR PHYSICIAN 1745 01:00:52,600 --> 01:00:53,160 WORKFORCE. 1746 01:00:53,160 --> 01:00:56,720 THERE ARE DATA FROM THE AAMC 1747 01:00:56,720 --> 01:00:59,320 THAT SHOW US BASICALLY 1748 01:00:59,320 --> 01:01:00,840 THROUGHOUT THE RANKINGS AS 1749 01:01:00,840 --> 01:01:02,520 SOMEONE GOES UP THROUGH THE 1750 01:01:02,520 --> 01:01:03,400 CAREER, WHAT IS THE 1751 01:01:03,400 --> 01:01:04,520 REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN? 1752 01:01:04,520 --> 01:01:07,040 AND A LOT OF TIMES THESE DAYS 1753 01:01:07,040 --> 01:01:07,680 PEOPLE THINK THAT WE KIND OF 1754 01:01:07,680 --> 01:01:10,360 HAVE MADE IT, THAT WE HAVE 1755 01:01:10,360 --> 01:01:11,040 PARITY IN MEDICINE BECAUSE WE 1756 01:01:11,040 --> 01:01:12,360 HAVE A LOT OF WOMEN IN MEDICAL 1757 01:01:12,360 --> 01:01:14,800 SCHOOL AND WE HIT NOW MORE THAN 1758 01:01:14,800 --> 01:01:17,400 JUST OVER 50% OF MEDICAL 1759 01:01:17,400 --> 01:01:18,000 STUDENTS BEING WOMEN. 1760 01:01:18,000 --> 01:01:20,680 BUT, DATA LIKE THESE SHOW THAT 1761 01:01:20,680 --> 01:01:24,720 AS WE GO UP THROUGH THE RANKS, 1762 01:01:24,720 --> 01:01:27,400 AT EVERY LEVEL WE ARE LOSING 1763 01:01:27,400 --> 01:01:27,600 WOMEN. 1764 01:01:27,600 --> 01:01:28,280 IN OTHER WORDS, THERE IS LESS 1765 01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:31,280 AND LESS REPRESENTATION AT THE 1766 01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:31,880 HIGHEST LEVELS. 1767 01:01:31,880 --> 01:01:34,160 AND THERE IS MANY REASONS FOR 1768 01:01:34,160 --> 01:01:34,360 THIS. 1769 01:01:34,360 --> 01:01:36,520 BUT OFTEN PEOPLE WILL SAY, IT'S 1770 01:01:36,520 --> 01:01:40,280 JUST GOING TO TAKE TIME FOR 1771 01:01:40,280 --> 01:01:42,400 WOMEN TO KIND OF MAKE THEIR WAY 1772 01:01:42,400 --> 01:01:43,040 UP THROUGH THE RANKS. 1773 01:01:43,040 --> 01:01:45,320 AND I THINK THAT IS A REASONABLE 1774 01:01:45,320 --> 01:01:45,880 THING TO THINK EXCEPT FOR WE 1775 01:01:45,880 --> 01:01:46,680 KNOW THAT WOMEN HAVE BEEN VERY 1776 01:01:46,680 --> 01:01:48,520 CLOSE TO BEING HALF OF MEDICAL 1777 01:01:48,520 --> 01:01:51,240 SCHOOL STUDENTS SINCE THE 1990S. 1778 01:01:51,240 --> 01:01:55,040 SO, 45% OR MORE OF MEDICAL 1779 01:01:55,040 --> 01:01:55,640 STUDENTS SINCE THE LATE 1990S. 1780 01:01:55,640 --> 01:01:57,120 SO THAT SHOULD BE ENOUGH TIME, 1781 01:01:57,120 --> 01:01:59,880 CERTAINLY, FOR WOMEN TO MAKE IT 1782 01:01:59,880 --> 01:02:02,440 UP TO THE RANKS OF KNACK TEE, 1783 01:02:02,440 --> 01:02:03,080 MAYBE EVEN DIVISION CHIEF AND SO 1784 01:02:03,080 --> 01:02:03,280 ON. 1785 01:02:03,280 --> 01:02:04,800 THAT JUST ISN'T THE CASE. 1786 01:02:04,800 --> 01:02:06,520 SO THERE ARE MULTIPLE FACTORS AT 1787 01:02:06,520 --> 01:02:06,760 PLAY. 1788 01:02:06,760 --> 01:02:09,040 I'M JUST GOING TO TALK A LITTLE 1789 01:02:09,040 --> 01:02:13,680 BIT ABOUT BIAS AND SEXUAL 1790 01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:15,640 HARASSMENT, WHICH SENATOR TWO 1791 01:02:15,640 --> 01:02:15,960 OBSTACLES. 1792 01:02:15,960 --> 01:02:19,960 I ALSO WANT TO NOTE THAT JUST AS 1793 01:02:19,960 --> 01:02:20,480 I MENTIONED, THE DATA I'M 1794 01:02:20,480 --> 01:02:22,840 SHARING ARE REALLY USING A 1795 01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:23,840 BINARY GENDER FRAMEWORK. 1796 01:02:23,840 --> 01:02:26,600 A LOT OF THE DATA LOOKING AT 1797 01:02:26,600 --> 01:02:27,800 GENDER DISPARITIES ON THE 1798 01:02:27,800 --> 01:02:30,920 WORKFORCE SIDE ALSO DO NOT TAKE 1799 01:02:30,920 --> 01:02:31,800 INTO ACCOUNT RACE OR OTHER 1800 01:02:31,800 --> 01:02:33,560 ASPECTS OF IDENTITY. 1801 01:02:33,560 --> 01:02:35,040 SO EVEN THOUGH I THINK WE ALL 1802 01:02:35,040 --> 01:02:35,920 PROBABLY UNDERSTAND HOW 1803 01:02:35,920 --> 01:02:38,000 IMPORTANT IT IS TO APPROACH 1804 01:02:38,000 --> 01:02:39,080 THESE PROBLEMS WITH AN 1805 01:02:39,080 --> 01:02:39,920 INTERSECTIONAL LENSE, THE DATA 1806 01:02:39,920 --> 01:02:44,360 ARE NOT QUITE THERE YET. 1807 01:02:44,360 --> 01:02:46,360 SO, IMPLICIT BIAS, I'M SURE MOST 1808 01:02:46,360 --> 01:02:49,400 OF THE FOLKS IN THIS AUDIENCE 1809 01:02:49,400 --> 01:02:51,360 ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE IAT WHICH 1810 01:02:51,360 --> 01:02:52,360 USES REACTION TIMES TO ASSESS 1811 01:02:52,360 --> 01:02:54,160 HOW LIKELY WE ARE TO ASSOCIATE 1812 01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:55,600 DIFFERENT THINGS WITH EACH 1813 01:02:55,600 --> 01:02:55,800 OTHER. 1814 01:02:55,800 --> 01:02:59,240 SO I'M GOING TO SHARE DATA FROM 1815 01:02:59,240 --> 01:03:00,840 WHAT WAS PUBLISHED A COUPLE 1816 01:03:00,840 --> 01:03:02,960 YEARS AGO ON HEALTH CARE WORKERS 1817 01:03:02,960 --> 01:03:05,600 AND THEIR IMPLICIT GENDER 1818 01:03:05,600 --> 01:03:05,840 BIASES. 1819 01:03:05,840 --> 01:03:07,360 SO WE DID TWO THINGS HERE. 1820 01:03:07,360 --> 01:03:10,880 ONE WAS WE LOOKED AT THE DATA 1821 01:03:10,880 --> 01:03:12,000 FROM PROJECT IMPLICIT ON THEIR 1822 01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:15,400 GENDER CAREER IAT LOOKING AT 1823 01:03:15,400 --> 01:03:17,320 MAN/WOMAN AND THEN 1824 01:03:17,320 --> 01:03:17,640 CAREER/FAMILY. 1825 01:03:17,640 --> 01:03:19,080 DO PEOPLE ASSOCIATE MEN MORE 1826 01:03:19,080 --> 01:03:20,880 WITH FAMILY OR CAREER AND DO 1827 01:03:20,880 --> 01:03:22,760 THEY ASSOCIATE WOMEN MORE WITH 1828 01:03:22,760 --> 01:03:24,080 FAMILY OR CAREER? 1829 01:03:24,080 --> 01:03:25,400 AND WE PULLED OUT THE FOLKS WHO 1830 01:03:25,400 --> 01:03:29,200 HAD TAKEN THAT OVER AN 11-YEAR 1831 01:03:29,200 --> 01:03:31,200 PERIOD WHO SELF IDENTIFIED AS 1832 01:03:31,200 --> 01:03:33,200 WORKING IN HEALTH CARE. 1833 01:03:33,200 --> 01:03:36,840 AND THEN WE DEVELOPED A NOVEL 1834 01:03:36,840 --> 01:03:37,880 IAT SIMILAR TO THE GENDER CAREER 1835 01:03:37,880 --> 01:03:38,680 IAT EXCEPT FOR INSTEAD OF FAMILY 1836 01:03:38,680 --> 01:03:40,800 AND CAREER, WE HAD FAMILY, 1837 01:03:40,800 --> 01:03:41,520 MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 1838 01:03:41,520 --> 01:03:44,960 AND WE ADMINISTERED THAT ONE TO 1839 01:03:44,960 --> 01:03:46,360 A SAMPLE OF SURGEONS. 1840 01:03:46,360 --> 01:03:47,880 SO THOSE OF YOU WHO LOOKED AT 1841 01:03:47,880 --> 01:03:52,240 DATA FROM IAT KNOW A VALUE OF 1842 01:03:52,240 --> 01:03:53,000 ZERO HERE IS NO PREFERENCE ONE 1843 01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:55,040 WAY OR THE OTHER AND YOUR 1844 01:03:55,040 --> 01:03:56,160 REACTION TIMES ARE JUST AS FAST 1845 01:03:56,160 --> 01:03:58,720 WHEN YOU'RE CONNECTING MAN WITH 1846 01:03:58,720 --> 01:03:59,280 CAREER AS YOU ARE MAN WITH 1847 01:03:59,280 --> 01:04:00,320 FAMILY AND WOMEN WITH CAREER AS 1848 01:04:00,320 --> 01:04:02,960 YOU ARE WOMEN WITH FAMILY. 1849 01:04:02,960 --> 01:04:06,320 AS YOU SEE, NONE OF OUR SUBSETS 1850 01:04:06,320 --> 01:04:06,920 HERE WERE AT ZERO. 1851 01:04:06,920 --> 01:04:08,200 SO ON THE LEFT IS THE DATA FROM 1852 01:04:08,200 --> 01:04:09,840 THE GENDER CAREER IAT SHOWING 1853 01:04:09,840 --> 01:04:12,320 THAT BOTH MEN AND WOMEN WHO WORK 1854 01:04:12,320 --> 01:04:14,680 IN HEALTH CARE ARE MORE LIKELY 1855 01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:16,600 TO ASSOCIATE MEN WITH CAREERS 1856 01:04:16,600 --> 01:04:18,120 AND WOMEN WITH FAMILY. 1857 01:04:18,120 --> 01:04:20,160 AND ON THE RIGHT, WE HAVE DATA 1858 01:04:20,160 --> 01:04:23,960 FROM SURGEONS SHOWING BOTH MEN 1859 01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:24,520 AND WOMEN SURGEONS ARE MORE 1860 01:04:24,520 --> 01:04:25,680 LIKELY TO ASSOCIATE MEN WITH 1861 01:04:25,680 --> 01:04:28,120 SURGERY AND WOMEN WITH FAMILY 1862 01:04:28,120 --> 01:04:28,360 MEDICINE. 1863 01:04:28,360 --> 01:04:31,640 AND THESE DATA, WHILE MAYBE 1864 01:04:31,640 --> 01:04:33,000 INTUITIVE, HELP EXPLAIN WHY IT 1865 01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:35,200 IS THAT WHEN PHYSICIANS SEE 1866 01:04:35,200 --> 01:04:37,160 PATIENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE 1867 01:04:37,160 --> 01:04:38,960 HOSPITAL, PATIENTS WILL SAY, 1868 01:04:38,960 --> 01:04:40,240 WHEN AM I GOING TO SEE THE 1869 01:04:40,240 --> 01:04:40,480 DOCTOR? 1870 01:04:40,480 --> 01:04:42,280 OR WHEN I AS A WOMAN SURGEON 1871 01:04:42,280 --> 01:04:43,880 TALK TO A PATIENT ABOUT THE 1872 01:04:43,880 --> 01:04:45,240 RISKS AND BENEFITS OF SURGERY 1873 01:04:45,240 --> 01:04:47,360 AND WHAT THEIR PROBLEM IS AND 1874 01:04:47,360 --> 01:04:49,120 HOW WE WOULD ADDRESS IT, AT THE 1875 01:04:49,120 --> 01:04:50,760 END OF THE VISIT, THEY'LL 1876 01:04:50,760 --> 01:04:52,280 SOMETIMES ASK, WHO IS GOING TO 1877 01:04:52,280 --> 01:04:53,440 DO THE SURGERY? 1878 01:04:53,440 --> 01:04:54,320 BECAUSE IT DOESN'T LIKE COMPUTE 1879 01:04:54,320 --> 01:04:57,400 FOR THEM THAT I WOULD BE THE 1880 01:04:57,400 --> 01:04:59,320 PERSON WHO WOULD DO THAT 1881 01:04:59,320 --> 01:05:00,640 PROCEDURE. 1882 01:05:00,640 --> 01:05:03,760 AND THESE BIASES NOT ONLY EFFECT 1883 01:05:03,760 --> 01:05:04,960 OUR ONE-ON-ONE INTERACTIONS WITH 1884 01:05:04,960 --> 01:05:06,640 PATIENTS OR WITH PEOPLE ON OUR 1885 01:05:06,640 --> 01:05:08,600 TEAMS BUT THEY ACTUALLY EFFECT 1886 01:05:08,600 --> 01:05:10,640 OUR CAREER OPPORTUNITIES. 1887 01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:11,640 BECAUSE EVERY TIME THAT PEOPLE 1888 01:05:11,640 --> 01:05:13,400 ARE THINKING ABOUT WHO SHOULD BE 1889 01:05:13,400 --> 01:05:15,640 NOMINATED FOR AN AWARD OR WHO 1890 01:05:15,640 --> 01:05:18,280 SHOULD BE ASKED TO SPEAK OR WHO 1891 01:05:18,280 --> 01:05:20,000 SHOULD BE APPOINTED TO A 1892 01:05:20,000 --> 01:05:22,880 LEADERSHIP POSITION, ALL THESE 1893 01:05:22,880 --> 01:05:23,520 BIASES AND ALL THE DIFFERENT 1894 01:05:23,520 --> 01:05:25,760 TYPES OF BIASES THAT EXIST ARE 1895 01:05:25,760 --> 01:05:26,760 ENGAGED. 1896 01:05:26,760 --> 01:05:28,160 SO FOR WOMEN AND IN PARTICULAR 1897 01:05:28,160 --> 01:05:30,000 WOMEN WHO HAVE OTHER 1898 01:05:30,000 --> 01:05:30,640 MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES WHETHER 1899 01:05:30,640 --> 01:05:33,520 THAT BE THEIR RACE, ETHNICITY, 1900 01:05:33,520 --> 01:05:36,120 ABILITY, ET CETERA, THIS CAN BE 1901 01:05:36,120 --> 01:05:38,920 REALLY DAMAGING BECAUSE WE NEED 1902 01:05:38,920 --> 01:05:40,600 PEOPLE TO KIND OF GIVE US 1903 01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:41,200 OPPORTUNITIES IN ORDER TO BE 1904 01:05:41,200 --> 01:05:43,400 ABLE TO ADVANCE IN OUR CAREERS. 1905 01:05:43,400 --> 01:05:45,640 NO MATTER HOW SMART OR 1906 01:05:45,640 --> 01:05:46,720 HARDWORKING YOU ARE, THERE IS 1907 01:05:46,720 --> 01:05:47,360 ONLY SO FAR YOU CAN GET ON YOUR 1908 01:05:47,360 --> 01:05:47,520 OWN. 1909 01:05:47,520 --> 01:05:51,040 WE LOOKED AT DATA FROM A NUMBER 1910 01:05:51,040 --> 01:05:52,320 OF SURGICAL SPECIALTIES, A FEW 1911 01:05:52,320 --> 01:05:54,560 YEARS AGO, JUST TO SEE WHO WAS 1912 01:05:54,560 --> 01:05:55,880 BEING SEEN AS AN EXPERT. 1913 01:05:55,880 --> 01:05:57,600 WHO WAS BEING INVITED TO SPEAK 1914 01:05:57,600 --> 01:05:59,880 ON THE STAGES OF THE ANNUAL 1915 01:05:59,880 --> 01:06:01,240 MEETINGS? 1916 01:06:01,240 --> 01:06:02,880 WE LOOKED AT 14 DIFFERENT 1917 01:06:02,880 --> 01:06:03,640 SURGICAL SOCIETIES AND WE LOOKED 1918 01:06:03,640 --> 01:06:05,520 AT FOR EACH ONE, TWO DIFFERENT 1919 01:06:05,520 --> 01:06:07,000 YEARS OF THEIR ANNUAL MEETING. 1920 01:06:07,000 --> 01:06:09,160 AND WE LOOKED AT TWO CATEGORIES 1921 01:06:09,160 --> 01:06:09,640 OF SPEAKERS. 1922 01:06:09,640 --> 01:06:10,600 WE LOOKED AT PLENARY SPEAKERS. 1923 01:06:10,600 --> 01:06:12,240 I LIKE THE ONES WE HAD THIS 1924 01:06:12,240 --> 01:06:12,560 MORNING. 1925 01:06:12,560 --> 01:06:16,560 AND WE LOOKED AT PANELISTS ANY 1926 01:06:16,560 --> 01:06:18,800 TIME THERE ARE TWO OR MORE 1927 01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:20,600 PANELISTS OR PEOPLE IN A SESSION 1928 01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:21,680 PRESENTING IN A SESSION, WE 1929 01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:23,360 CONSIDERED THAT A PANEL. 1930 01:06:23,360 --> 01:06:25,840 SO, THE BASIC TAKEAWAYS HERE ON 1931 01:06:25,840 --> 01:06:27,480 THE LEFT LOOKING AT THE PLENARY 1932 01:06:27,480 --> 01:06:29,720 SPEAKERS, THE BLUE PORTIONS OF 1933 01:06:29,720 --> 01:06:31,240 THOSE BARS ARE REPRESENTING MEN 1934 01:06:31,240 --> 01:06:33,920 SPEAKERS AND THE BLACK MARKS 1935 01:06:33,920 --> 01:06:36,840 REPRESENT THE MEMBERSHIP OR 1936 01:06:36,840 --> 01:06:38,000 PROPORTION OF WOMEN MEMBERS IN 1937 01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:39,080 THAT SOCIETY IN THAT GIVEN YEAR. 1938 01:06:39,080 --> 01:06:40,040 AND I SHOULD NOTE THAT ON THE 1939 01:06:40,040 --> 01:06:41,000 WHOLE, ABOUT ONE FOURTH OF THE 1940 01:06:41,000 --> 01:06:42,320 MEMBERS ACROSS ALL THE SOCIETIES 1941 01:06:42,320 --> 01:06:44,640 WERE WOMEN. 1942 01:06:44,640 --> 01:06:45,920 SO, WE HAVE NOT REACHED PARITY 1943 01:06:45,920 --> 01:06:47,000 IN SURGERY. 1944 01:06:47,000 --> 01:06:49,920 BUT IT'S ALSO NOT AT 0% OR 5% OR 1945 01:06:49,920 --> 01:06:52,200 EVEN LIKE ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AT 1946 01:06:52,200 --> 01:06:52,360 6%. 1947 01:06:52,360 --> 01:06:54,720 THESE ARE DIFFERENT GENERAL 1948 01:06:54,720 --> 01:06:56,040 SURGERY SPECIALTIES AND WHAT WE 1949 01:06:56,040 --> 01:06:58,640 FOUND IS 1/3 OF THE SOCIETIES 1950 01:06:58,640 --> 01:07:00,800 HAD ZERO WOMEN PLENARY SPEAKERS 1951 01:07:00,800 --> 01:07:02,280 IN BOTH OF THE YEARS THAT WE 1952 01:07:02,280 --> 01:07:02,920 LOOKED AT. 1953 01:07:02,920 --> 01:07:05,880 SO, WE LOOKED AT TWO DIFFERENT 1954 01:07:05,880 --> 01:07:07,640 YEARS, 5 YEARS APART FROM EACH 1955 01:07:07,640 --> 01:07:08,520 OTHER AND THEY COULD NOT 1956 01:07:08,520 --> 01:07:10,520 IDENTIFY A SINGLE WOMAN IN 1957 01:07:10,520 --> 01:07:10,800 EITHER YEAR. 1958 01:07:10,800 --> 01:07:14,440 AND WHEN WE LOOKED AT THE 1959 01:07:14,440 --> 01:07:17,760 MANTELS, WE FOUND THAT ALMOST 1960 01:07:17,760 --> 01:07:20,000 HALF OF THE PANELS WERE MANTELS. 1961 01:07:20,000 --> 01:07:20,600 MINUTED ELSE ARE TWO OR MORE 1962 01:07:20,600 --> 01:07:23,600 SPEAKERS, ALL OF WHOM WERE MEN. 1963 01:07:23,600 --> 01:07:25,520 ALMOST HALF OF THE PANELS WERE 1964 01:07:25,520 --> 01:07:25,760 MANTELS. 1965 01:07:25,760 --> 01:07:27,720 THERE WAS A WIDE RANGE FROM 0% 1966 01:07:27,720 --> 01:07:29,520 TO SOME BEING AT 100%. 1967 01:07:29,520 --> 01:07:32,320 SO SOCIETY B HAD 100% MANTELS IN 1968 01:07:32,320 --> 01:07:34,120 BOTH YEARS AND 0% WOMEN IN 1969 01:07:34,120 --> 01:07:35,080 PLENARY SPEAKING ROLLS IN BOTH 1970 01:07:35,080 --> 01:07:35,360 YEARS. 1971 01:07:35,360 --> 01:07:40,040 SO THIS TELLS US THAT THERE IS 1972 01:07:40,040 --> 01:07:40,680 AGAIN FACTORS AT PLAY INCLUDING 1973 01:07:40,680 --> 01:07:42,560 BIAS WHEN PEOPLE ARE DETERMINING 1974 01:07:42,560 --> 01:07:44,640 WHO IS SUITABLE FOR THESE 1975 01:07:44,640 --> 01:07:45,200 OPPORTUNITIES AND OF COURSE 1976 01:07:45,200 --> 01:07:47,320 THESE OPPORTUNITIES ARE REALLY 1977 01:07:47,320 --> 01:07:49,680 IMPORTANT FOR ESTABLISHING ONES 1978 01:07:49,680 --> 01:07:51,800 SELF AS A -- SOMEONE WHO HAS A 1979 01:07:51,800 --> 01:07:53,160 NATIONAL REPUTATION OR 1980 01:07:53,160 --> 01:07:55,000 INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION, WHICH 1981 01:07:55,000 --> 01:07:58,280 IS THEN USED AS PART OF THE 1982 01:07:58,280 --> 01:07:59,040 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR 1983 01:07:59,040 --> 01:07:59,880 PROMOTIONS. 1984 01:07:59,880 --> 01:08:02,760 AND I JUST WANT TO NOTE HERE 1985 01:08:02,760 --> 01:08:05,040 THAT OFTEN PEOPLE THINK THAT 1986 01:08:05,040 --> 01:08:08,080 THESE ISSUES ARE FOCUSED ON 1987 01:08:08,080 --> 01:08:09,160 ENTRY-LEVEL LIKE IF WE CAN GET 1988 01:08:09,160 --> 01:08:11,800 WOMEN PAST THE FIRST RUNG OF A 1989 01:08:11,800 --> 01:08:13,040 LADDER FOR EXAMPLE, THAT THESE 1990 01:08:13,040 --> 01:08:14,160 PROBLEMS WILL GET BETTER. 1991 01:08:14,160 --> 01:08:17,400 OR THAT WHEN YOU SEE WOMEN IN 1992 01:08:17,400 --> 01:08:18,280 LEADERSHIP ROLES THAT THEY MADE 1993 01:08:18,280 --> 01:08:19,560 IT AND THEY ARE NOT EXPERIENCING 1994 01:08:19,560 --> 01:08:21,560 THESE CHALLENGES ANYMORE. 1995 01:08:21,560 --> 01:08:23,640 AND DATA FROM THE WOMEN IN THE 1996 01:08:23,640 --> 01:08:24,640 WORKPLACE REPORT THAT COMES OUT 1997 01:08:24,640 --> 01:08:27,560 EVERY YEAR ARE REALLY HELPFUL IN 1998 01:08:27,560 --> 01:08:28,840 UNDERSTANDING WHAT ACTUALLY 1999 01:08:28,840 --> 01:08:29,080 HAPPENS. 2000 01:08:29,080 --> 01:08:29,920 SO THESE ARE DATA FROM LAST 2001 01:08:29,920 --> 01:08:30,120 YEAR. 2002 01:08:30,120 --> 01:08:32,680 THE REPORT FROM THIS YEAR JUST 2003 01:08:32,680 --> 01:08:33,840 CAME OUT BUT I HAVEN'T HAD A 2004 01:08:33,840 --> 01:08:35,560 CHANCE TO LOOK THROUGH IT YET. 2005 01:08:35,560 --> 01:08:36,840 IT CAME OUT LAST WEEK. 2006 01:08:36,840 --> 01:08:37,320 THIS IS FROM LAST YEAR. 2007 01:08:37,320 --> 01:08:40,120 THESE DATA TELL US THAT 2008 01:08:40,120 --> 01:08:42,320 BASICALLY WHEN WOMEN GO FROM 2009 01:08:42,320 --> 01:08:43,920 ENTRY-LEVEL TO SENIOR ROLES, 2010 01:08:43,920 --> 01:08:46,480 THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE 2011 01:08:46,480 --> 01:08:47,120 INTERRUPTED OR BE SPOKEN OVER. 2012 01:08:47,120 --> 01:08:49,320 MORE LIKELY TO HAVE THEIR 2013 01:08:49,320 --> 01:08:50,960 JUDGMENT QUESTIONED. 2014 01:08:50,960 --> 01:08:51,960 AND MORE LIKELY TO HAVE PEOPLE 2015 01:08:51,960 --> 01:08:53,800 COMMENT ON THEIR EMOTIONAL 2016 01:08:53,800 --> 01:08:54,520 STATE. 2017 01:08:54,520 --> 01:08:57,360 I'M GOING TO SKIP THIS IN THE 2018 01:08:57,360 --> 01:08:57,760 INTEREST OF TIME. 2019 01:08:57,760 --> 01:09:00,560 AND I'M GOING TO SHIFT GEARS TO 2020 01:09:00,560 --> 01:09:01,520 SEXUAL HARASSMENT. 2021 01:09:01,520 --> 01:09:02,400 SO FAR I REALLY HAVE BEEN 2022 01:09:02,400 --> 01:09:03,760 TALKING ABOUT IMPLICIT GENDER 2023 01:09:03,760 --> 01:09:05,560 BIAS AND AS I SAID, I WANT TO 2024 01:09:05,560 --> 01:09:07,360 TALK ABOUT BOTH OF THESE IDEAS 2025 01:09:07,360 --> 01:09:08,360 ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THERE IS A 2026 01:09:08,360 --> 01:09:10,600 LOT MORE THAT GOES INTO THESE 2027 01:09:10,600 --> 01:09:12,520 DYNAMICS AND HOW WE NAVIGATE OUR 2028 01:09:12,520 --> 01:09:13,640 CAREERS THAT I'M NOT GOING TO 2029 01:09:13,640 --> 01:09:15,880 HAVE TIME FOR TODAY. 2030 01:09:15,880 --> 01:09:18,120 SO SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS REALLY 2031 01:09:18,120 --> 01:09:20,560 BASED ON A FOUNDATION OF POWER 2032 01:09:20,560 --> 01:09:20,920 DIFFERENTIAL. 2033 01:09:20,920 --> 01:09:24,320 SO SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS ABOUT 2034 01:09:24,320 --> 01:09:24,520 POWER. 2035 01:09:24,520 --> 01:09:27,080 IT'S NOT ABOUT SEX. 2036 01:09:27,080 --> 01:09:28,560 AND THERE ARE THESE THREE 2037 01:09:28,560 --> 01:09:30,240 CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT 2038 01:09:30,240 --> 01:09:32,400 THAT HAVE BEEN DEFINED BY MANY 2039 01:09:32,400 --> 01:09:34,720 PEOPLE AND MOST FAKE USUALLY IN 2040 01:09:34,720 --> 01:09:36,880 RECENT YEARS BY THE NATIONAL 2041 01:09:36,880 --> 01:09:37,960 ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING 2042 01:09:37,960 --> 01:09:39,520 AND MEDICINE. 2043 01:09:39,520 --> 01:09:44,240 GENDER BASED HARASSMENT ARE 2044 01:09:44,240 --> 01:09:46,320 VERBAL AND NON VERBAL BEHAVIORS 2045 01:09:46,320 --> 01:09:47,720 THAT ESSENTIALLY INDICATE SECOND 2046 01:09:47,720 --> 01:09:49,680 CLASS STATUS TO PEOPLE OF A 2047 01:09:49,680 --> 01:09:50,800 PARTICULAR GENDER. 2048 01:09:50,800 --> 01:09:54,800 THEN THERE IS UNWANTED SEXUAL 2049 01:09:54,800 --> 01:09:56,680 ATTENTION WHICH IS AS IT SOUNDS 2050 01:09:56,680 --> 01:09:58,000 AND THEN COORGANIZATION OR QUID 2051 01:09:58,000 --> 01:09:59,520 PRO QUO. 2052 01:09:59,520 --> 01:10:00,280 CONDITIONING EITHER 2053 01:10:00,280 --> 01:10:03,160 OPPORTUNITIES OR GRADES OR 2054 01:10:03,160 --> 01:10:06,160 TITLES ON SEXUAL FAVORS. 2055 01:10:06,160 --> 01:10:10,200 AND THESE ARE INTENTION ALLEY 2056 01:10:10,200 --> 01:10:11,880 SMALLER IN SIZE BUT HIGHER UP ON 2057 01:10:11,880 --> 01:10:13,840 THE PYRAMID BECAUSE THEY ARE 2058 01:10:13,840 --> 01:10:15,960 LESS AND LESS FREQUENT AS WE GO 2059 01:10:15,960 --> 01:10:17,920 UP BUT ALSO MORE AND MORE 2060 01:10:17,920 --> 01:10:18,560 DAMAGING. 2061 01:10:18,560 --> 01:10:20,640 AND SO THIS GRAPHIC WAS PUT OUT, 2062 01:10:20,640 --> 01:10:23,120 I'M SURE YOU HAVE SEEN THIS FROM 2063 01:10:23,120 --> 01:10:23,720 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES A FEW 2064 01:10:23,720 --> 01:10:24,680 YEARS AGO. 2065 01:10:24,680 --> 01:10:26,280 THE KEY POINT IS JUST THERE IS 2066 01:10:26,280 --> 01:10:27,400 SO MUCH THAT HAPPENS IN THE 2067 01:10:27,400 --> 01:10:29,760 COURSE OF WOMEN'S CAREERS THAT 2068 01:10:29,760 --> 01:10:31,760 IS UNDER THE WATER, IF YOU WILL. 2069 01:10:31,760 --> 01:10:33,480 SO THINGS THAT PEOPLE DON'T 2070 01:10:33,480 --> 01:10:35,560 REALLY THINK ABOUT LIKE UNWANTED 2071 01:10:35,560 --> 01:10:36,400 SEXUAL DISCUSSIONS. 2072 01:10:36,400 --> 01:10:38,480 I'M GUESSING THAT HAPPENED TO -- 2073 01:10:38,480 --> 01:10:39,800 CERTAINLY ANYONE WHO WORKS IN A 2074 01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:40,040 HOSPITAL. 2075 01:10:40,040 --> 01:10:42,480 THAT HAPPENS ALL THE TIME. 2076 01:10:42,480 --> 01:10:44,000 PRESSURE FOR DATES. 2077 01:10:44,000 --> 01:10:47,440 OFFENSIVE SEXUAL TEASING. 2078 01:10:47,440 --> 01:10:48,200 SEXIST INSULTS LIKE WOMEN DON'T 2079 01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:49,000 BELONG IN SCIENCE. 2080 01:10:49,000 --> 01:10:50,840 THOSE ARE THE THINGS UNDER THE 2081 01:10:50,840 --> 01:10:51,280 WATER. 2082 01:10:51,280 --> 01:10:53,480 AND THEN UNWANTED SEXUAL 2083 01:10:53,480 --> 01:10:54,480 ATTENTION AND COERCION ARE AT 2084 01:10:54,480 --> 01:10:54,760 THE TOP. 2085 01:10:54,760 --> 01:10:56,080 I WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT THE THINGS 2086 01:10:56,080 --> 01:10:57,640 THAT I PERSONALLY HAVE 2087 01:10:57,640 --> 01:10:58,960 EXPERIENCED IN MY CAREER WITH 2088 01:10:58,960 --> 01:11:00,080 THESE RED BOXES. 2089 01:11:00,080 --> 01:11:02,640 AND THIS IS NOT BECAUSE MY 2090 01:11:02,640 --> 01:11:04,800 EXPERIENCE IS UNUSUAL IT'S 2091 01:11:04,800 --> 01:11:07,080 ACTUALLY I THINK VERY 2092 01:11:07,080 --> 01:11:07,640 REPRESENTATIVE. 2093 01:11:07,640 --> 01:11:09,520 SO EVEN THOUGH WE THINK SOME OF 2094 01:11:09,520 --> 01:11:10,400 THESE THINGS NEVER HAPPEN OR 2095 01:11:10,400 --> 01:11:12,160 WE'D LIKE TO THINK THEY DON'T, 2096 01:11:12,160 --> 01:11:14,680 THEY HAPPEN ALL THE TIME. 2097 01:11:14,680 --> 01:11:17,400 AND THESE THINGS ARE REALLY, 2098 01:11:17,400 --> 01:11:19,120 REALLY CONSEQUENTIAL FOR 2099 01:11:19,120 --> 01:11:19,360 CAREERS. 2100 01:11:19,360 --> 01:11:21,440 SO THIS IS FROM THE NATIONAL 2101 01:11:21,440 --> 01:11:22,840 ACADEMY'S REPORT WHERE THEY SAY 2102 01:11:22,840 --> 01:11:24,040 THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF 2103 01:11:24,040 --> 01:11:24,840 SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS A 2104 01:11:24,840 --> 01:11:26,480 SIGNIFICANT AND COSTLY LOSS OF 2105 01:11:26,480 --> 01:11:29,440 TALENT IN ACADEMIC SCIENCE, 2106 01:11:29,440 --> 01:11:30,880 ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE. 2107 01:11:30,880 --> 01:11:33,200 AND WE KNOW EVEN JUST LOOKING AT 2108 01:11:33,200 --> 01:11:35,320 PATIENT CARE THAT THAT IS REAL 2109 01:11:35,320 --> 01:11:36,880 REDAMAGING TO OUR PATIENTS. 2110 01:11:36,880 --> 01:11:38,920 AND BEYOND THAT IF YOU THINK 2111 01:11:38,920 --> 01:11:40,720 ABOUT RESEARCH AND WHAT PROBLEMS 2112 01:11:40,720 --> 01:11:43,360 WOMEN STUDY AND WHAT OTHER 2113 01:11:43,360 --> 01:11:45,160 MARGINALIZED PEOPLE WILL STUDY 2114 01:11:45,160 --> 01:11:46,400 AND HOW THOSE FOLKS GET PUSHED 2115 01:11:46,400 --> 01:11:48,560 OUT AND THEN THOSE TOPICS AREN'T 2116 01:11:48,560 --> 01:11:51,360 STUDIED, IT'S REALLY 2117 01:11:51,360 --> 01:11:52,840 CONSEQUENTIAL FOR OUR HEALTH. 2118 01:11:52,840 --> 01:11:54,760 AND, ON TOP OF ALL OF THAT, 2119 01:11:54,760 --> 01:11:57,080 DESPITE THESE BARRIERS OF 2120 01:11:57,080 --> 01:11:58,560 EXPERIENCING BIAS AND 2121 01:11:58,560 --> 01:12:02,160 HARASSMENT, THERE IS A NUMBER OF 2122 01:12:02,160 --> 01:12:04,000 STUDIES OUT THERE, HIGH-QUALITY 2123 01:12:04,000 --> 01:12:04,880 STUDIES WITH LARGE NUMBERS OF 2124 01:12:04,880 --> 01:12:06,640 PATIENTS, THAT SUGGEST THAT 2125 01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:09,320 WOMEN PHYSICIANS PROVIDE BETTER 2126 01:12:09,320 --> 01:12:10,320 CARE FOR PATIENTS THAN DO MEN. 2127 01:12:10,320 --> 01:12:11,760 SO THIS IS SAY PIECE THAT A 2128 01:12:11,760 --> 01:12:14,040 COLLEAGUE AND I WROTE FOR THE 2129 01:12:14,040 --> 01:12:15,680 WASHINGTON POST THAT CAME OUT, I 2130 01:12:15,680 --> 01:12:19,000 THINK IT WAS STILL THIS YEAR. 2131 01:12:19,000 --> 01:12:22,040 BUT, BASED ON A STUDY THAT CAME 2132 01:12:22,040 --> 01:12:24,000 OUT IN JAMBA SURGERY LAST YEAR 2133 01:12:24,000 --> 01:12:25,440 LOOKING AT PATIENTS WHO ARE 2134 01:12:25,440 --> 01:12:26,880 SHOWING UP FOR SURGERY. 2135 01:12:26,880 --> 01:12:28,880 AND WHILE THE HEADLINE FOR THAT 2136 01:12:28,880 --> 01:12:30,440 PARTICULAR ARTICLE OR WHAT A LOT 2137 01:12:30,440 --> 01:12:33,080 OF PEOPLE WROTE ABOUT IS WOMEN 2138 01:12:33,080 --> 01:12:33,720 PATIENTS FAIRED BETTER IF THEIR 2139 01:12:33,720 --> 01:12:39,360 SURGEON WERE A WOMAN THAN IF 2140 01:12:39,360 --> 01:12:40,120 THEIR SURGEON WERE A MAN. 2141 01:12:40,120 --> 01:12:40,720 IT WAS TRUE THAT ALL PATIENTS 2142 01:12:40,720 --> 01:12:41,320 FAIRED BETTER IF THEIR SURGEON 2143 01:12:41,320 --> 01:12:43,040 WAS A WOMAN. 2144 01:12:43,040 --> 01:12:46,600 AND SO I SHARE THIS BECAUSE EVEN 2145 01:12:46,600 --> 01:12:47,560 THOUGH WE'RE EXPERIENCING SO 2146 01:12:47,560 --> 01:12:49,080 MUCH BIAS AGAINST US, THERE IS 2147 01:12:49,080 --> 01:12:50,560 SO MANY OBSTACLES IN OUR PATH 2148 01:12:50,560 --> 01:12:52,600 AND EXPERIENCING SEXUAL 2149 01:12:52,600 --> 01:12:53,880 HARASSMENT IN A NUMBER OF OTHER 2150 01:12:53,880 --> 01:12:56,400 THINGS AND SOME OF US ARE 2151 01:12:56,400 --> 01:12:57,120 EXPERIENCING RACISM AND ZONEO 2152 01:12:57,120 --> 01:12:59,920 PHOBIA AND FATPHOBIA AND ALL 2153 01:12:59,920 --> 01:13:03,320 THESE OTHER REALLY NEGATIVE 2154 01:13:03,320 --> 01:13:05,920 FORCES ON US, WE ARE STILL ABLE 2155 01:13:05,920 --> 01:13:07,880 TO PROVIDE BETTER CARE. 2156 01:13:07,880 --> 01:13:10,800 SO JUST IMAGINE WHAT OUR WORLD 2157 01:13:10,800 --> 01:13:11,120 WOULD BE LIKE. 2158 01:13:11,120 --> 01:13:12,880 HOW OUR HEALTH CARE WOULD BE IF 2159 01:13:12,880 --> 01:13:16,680 WE DIDN'T HAVE TO OVERCOME THESE 2160 01:13:16,680 --> 01:13:18,800 OBSTACLES. 2161 01:13:18,800 --> 01:13:19,760 THERE IS THE LAST SLIDE. 2162 01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:21,560 JUST WANTING TO MAKE A CLEARER 2163 01:13:21,560 --> 01:13:25,000 LINK HIRE TO WHAT ALL THIS MEANS 2164 01:13:25,000 --> 01:13:26,760 FOR THE NIH. 2165 01:13:26,760 --> 01:13:29,240 SO OBVIOUSLY I AS WE ALL KNOW, 2166 01:13:29,240 --> 01:13:31,160 NIH SETS STANDARDS FOR A LOT OF 2167 01:13:31,160 --> 01:13:33,840 OTHER FUNDERS, ESPECIALLY IN THE 2168 01:13:33,840 --> 01:13:34,640 AREAS OF HEALTH. 2169 01:13:34,640 --> 01:13:39,200 THIS IS ALL MY PERSONAL OPINION. 2170 01:13:39,200 --> 01:13:39,840 THE NIH HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO 2171 01:13:39,840 --> 01:13:41,040 RECOGNIZE HOW ALL OF THESE 2172 01:13:41,040 --> 01:13:42,120 ISSUES I TALKED ABOUT AND THE 2173 01:13:42,120 --> 01:13:43,280 ONES THAT I DEPENDENT GET TO 2174 01:13:43,280 --> 01:13:46,120 TALK ABOUT, AFFECT PUBLIC 2175 01:13:46,120 --> 01:13:46,480 HEALTH. 2176 01:13:46,480 --> 01:13:47,880 RESEARCH ON PATIENT OUTCOMES 2177 01:13:47,880 --> 01:13:49,600 WHICH THEY SUPPORT TO SOME 2178 01:13:49,600 --> 01:13:50,760 DEGREE, IS OBVIOUSLY IMPORTANT 2179 01:13:50,760 --> 01:13:54,840 BUT SO IS RESEARCH ON THE 2180 01:13:54,840 --> 01:13:55,120 WORKFORCE. 2181 01:13:55,120 --> 01:13:56,720 WITH RESEARCH AND CLINICAL 2182 01:13:56,720 --> 01:13:57,000 WORKFORCES. 2183 01:13:57,000 --> 01:13:58,720 AND WHAT WE REALLY NEED IS 2184 01:13:58,720 --> 01:14:00,080 RESEARCH ON EFFECTIVE 2185 01:14:00,080 --> 01:14:00,680 INTERVENTIONS. 2186 01:14:00,680 --> 01:14:02,040 AND I SHOULD JUST PAUSE HERE AND 2187 01:14:02,040 --> 01:14:03,480 THAT IS THE END OF MY TALK BUT I 2188 01:14:03,480 --> 01:14:05,600 WANT TO NOTE THAT I'M VERY 2189 01:14:05,600 --> 01:14:08,240 GRATEFUL TO BE FUNDED TO DO WORK 2190 01:14:08,240 --> 01:14:11,160 ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT BY NIH AND 2191 01:14:11,160 --> 01:14:14,080 THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON 2192 01:14:14,080 --> 01:14:14,720 WOMEN'S HEALTH AND I THINK THAT 2193 01:14:14,720 --> 01:14:15,680 IS LIKE NOT JUST MAJOR FOR ME 2194 01:14:15,680 --> 01:14:17,880 AND MY CAREER BUT IT'S MAJOR 2195 01:14:17,880 --> 01:14:19,560 THAT YOU ALL ARE INVESTING IN 2196 01:14:19,560 --> 01:14:20,360 THAT WORK. 2197 01:14:20,360 --> 01:14:22,280 SO THAT IS IT FOR ME. 2198 01:14:22,280 --> 01:14:23,720 THIS IS MY CONTACT INFORMATION 2199 01:14:23,720 --> 01:14:25,680 IF ANYONE WANTS TO BE IN TOUCH 2200 01:14:25,680 --> 01:14:27,360 AND I'LL BE HERE FOR THE 2201 01:14:27,360 --> 01:14:34,080 QUESTION AND ANSWER. 2202 01:14:34,080 --> 01:14:34,440 >>EXCELLENT. 2203 01:14:34,440 --> 01:14:36,440 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR 2204 01:14:36,440 --> 01:14:37,400 IMPORTANT TALK DR. ARGHAVAN 2205 01:14:37,400 --> 01:14:40,200 SALLES AND FOR BRINGING UP THE 2206 01:14:40,200 --> 01:14:43,360 IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING GENDER 2207 01:14:43,360 --> 01:14:46,880 BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION IN ALL 2208 01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:49,120 FORMS AND CLINICAL CONTEXT. 2209 01:14:49,120 --> 01:14:50,080 SO DR. TIM KIN F IT'S OKAY WITH 2210 01:14:50,080 --> 01:14:55,120 YOU, I THINK WE CAN GO AHEAD AND 2211 01:14:55,120 --> 01:14:58,000 OPEN IT UP FOR QUESTIONS FROM 2212 01:14:58,000 --> 01:15:01,320 THE AUDIENCE. 2213 01:15:01,320 --> 01:15:04,200 >>I DON'T KNOW IF YOU HAD ANY 2214 01:15:04,200 --> 01:15:06,280 QUESTIONS YOU WANTED TO ASK? 2215 01:15:06,280 --> 01:15:09,400 >>YES, I WAS GOING TO SAVE MINE 2216 01:15:09,400 --> 01:15:12,960 FOR AFTERWARDS OR FOR A LULL 2217 01:15:12,960 --> 01:15:15,640 JUST TO GIVE A CHANCE TO FOLKS 2218 01:15:15,640 --> 01:15:21,040 WHO HAVE BEEN APPARENTLY 2219 01:15:21,040 --> 01:15:22,520 LISTENING TO ASK ANY QUESTIONS 2220 01:15:22,520 --> 01:15:23,120 THEY MIGHT HAVE. 2221 01:15:23,120 --> 01:15:26,120 >>I HAVE ONE QUESTION THAT CAME 2222 01:15:26,120 --> 01:15:30,240 UP THAT IS AROUND GENDER AND 2223 01:15:30,240 --> 01:15:31,240 CROSS-CULTURAL MEASUREMENTS OF 2224 01:15:31,240 --> 01:15:31,480 GENDER. 2225 01:15:31,480 --> 01:15:36,840 I THINK DR. ARGHAVAN SALLES 2226 01:15:36,840 --> 01:15:37,480 MENTIONED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 2227 01:15:37,480 --> 01:15:40,680 IN IRAN. 2228 01:15:40,680 --> 01:15:41,440 WE HEARD ABOUT GENDER ROLES AND 2229 01:15:41,440 --> 01:15:43,000 TRANSFOLKS IN PERU AND WE HEARD 2230 01:15:43,000 --> 01:15:45,640 ABOUT INDIGENOUS GENDER ROLES AS 2231 01:15:45,640 --> 01:15:46,080 WELL. 2232 01:15:46,080 --> 01:15:52,800 AND I WAS WONDERING IF EACH OF 2233 01:15:52,800 --> 01:15:53,880 OF THE SPEAKERS COULD JUST MAKE 2234 01:15:53,880 --> 01:15:54,680 A COMMENT ON WHETHER YOU THINK 2235 01:15:54,680 --> 01:15:57,800 THERE ARE ANY UNIVERSE ALTS 2236 01:15:57,800 --> 01:16:03,640 RELATED TO GENDER ROLES ACROSS 2237 01:16:03,640 --> 01:16:08,840 VARIOUS CULTURES. 2238 01:16:08,840 --> 01:16:11,920 >>IT'S OKAY IF THERE ARE. 2239 01:16:11,920 --> 01:16:15,000 WE THINK OF -- WE DEFINE GENDER 2240 01:16:15,000 --> 01:16:16,800 AS A CULTURAL AND SOCIAL 2241 01:16:16,800 --> 01:16:18,600 VARIABLE. 2242 01:16:18,600 --> 01:16:23,280 AND SO, I THINK IF FOLKS THINK 2243 01:16:23,280 --> 01:16:26,440 THAT THEY ARE INTENDED UNIVERSE 2244 01:16:26,440 --> 01:16:27,360 ALTS THAT'S AN APPROPRIATE 2245 01:16:27,360 --> 01:16:28,600 ANSWER ALSO. 2246 01:16:28,600 --> 01:16:31,520 >>I DON'T KNOW IF THERE ARE 2247 01:16:31,520 --> 01:16:32,480 UNIVERSE ALTS BUT IT'S IMPORTANT 2248 01:16:32,480 --> 01:16:33,400 TO BE INCLUSIVE OF HAVING SOME 2249 01:16:33,400 --> 01:16:34,680 ONES THAT ARE CULTURALLY 2250 01:16:34,680 --> 01:16:37,760 RELEVANT FOR PEOPLE LIKE 2251 01:16:37,760 --> 01:16:39,920 INDIGENOUS, BLACK PEOPLE, 2252 01:16:39,920 --> 01:16:43,240 FEMALE, MALE, THESE KINDS OF 2253 01:16:43,240 --> 01:16:45,680 THINGS AND DIFFERENT TRIBES HAVE 2254 01:16:45,680 --> 01:16:46,800 2-4 DIFFERENT IDENTITY STATUSES 2255 01:16:46,800 --> 01:16:49,080 AND IT'S VERY MUCH TRIBAL 2256 01:16:49,080 --> 01:16:49,800 SPECIFIC AS WELL. 2257 01:16:49,800 --> 01:16:51,080 IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO BECOME 2258 01:16:51,080 --> 01:16:52,800 GROUNDED IN THE PEOPLES THAT 2259 01:16:52,800 --> 01:16:55,040 YOU'RE WORKING WITH AND USE 2260 01:16:55,040 --> 01:16:57,400 CULTURALLY RELEVANT INFORMATION 2261 01:16:57,400 --> 01:16:59,360 FROM THE COMMUNITY TO DRIVE 2262 01:16:59,360 --> 01:17:00,840 THOSE QUESTIONS AND MEASURES. 2263 01:17:00,840 --> 01:17:01,920 AND I DO THINK THAT INVESTING 2264 01:17:01,920 --> 01:17:05,440 THAT TIME AT THE OUTSET PROVIDES 2265 01:17:05,440 --> 01:17:08,280 THE ABILITY TO HAVE PRECISE AND 2266 01:17:08,280 --> 01:17:10,120 ROBUST FINDINGS WITH LESS DATA. 2267 01:17:10,120 --> 01:17:12,920 SO IT'S VERY IN A WAY EFFICIENT 2268 01:17:12,920 --> 01:17:14,000 BECAUSE WE FOUND REALLY ROBUST 2269 01:17:14,000 --> 01:17:17,840 FINDINGS, BECAUSE OUR MEASURES 2270 01:17:17,840 --> 01:17:19,600 ARE GROUNDED IN THE CONCEPTS 2271 01:17:19,600 --> 01:17:20,440 THAT MAKE SENSE THAT ARE 2272 01:17:20,440 --> 01:17:23,280 RELEVANT TO THE PEOPLE WE ARE 2273 01:17:23,280 --> 01:17:25,280 WORKING WITH. 2274 01:17:25,280 --> 01:17:28,600 >>SO THE IDEA OF UNIVERSALITY 2275 01:17:28,600 --> 01:17:29,240 MAKES THE CRITICAL SCIENTIST IN 2276 01:17:29,240 --> 01:17:29,960 ME GO, WHAT DO YOU MEAN? 2277 01:17:29,960 --> 01:17:30,880 WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THIS? 2278 01:17:30,880 --> 01:17:32,480 I THINK WE HAVE ANOTHER 2279 01:17:32,480 --> 01:17:35,520 OPPORTUNITY TO TALK ABOUT THIS. 2280 01:17:35,520 --> 01:17:36,440 SO, WHAT WE DO IN PERU AND 2281 01:17:36,440 --> 01:17:37,960 SIMILAR STUDIES IN THE STATES 2282 01:17:37,960 --> 01:17:41,600 AND NOW IN CANADA IS, AS A FIRST 2283 01:17:41,600 --> 01:17:44,120 STEP VERY BASIC, IS A TWO-STEP 2284 01:17:44,120 --> 01:17:45,520 MEASURE. 2285 01:17:45,520 --> 01:17:46,840 WE SHOULD BE ASKING EVERYONE SEX 2286 01:17:46,840 --> 01:17:50,080 ASSIGNED AT BIRTH AND GENDER 2287 01:17:50,080 --> 01:17:50,360 IDENTITY. 2288 01:17:50,360 --> 01:17:51,320 AND THEN THERE ARE BEAUTIFUL 2289 01:17:51,320 --> 01:17:52,680 SCHOLARSHIP OUT THERE THAT TELLS 2290 01:17:52,680 --> 01:17:53,880 US ABOUT THE NEXT STEPS. 2291 01:17:53,880 --> 01:17:55,480 SO GENDER IDENTITY THROUGHOUT 2292 01:17:55,480 --> 01:17:56,720 THE LIFE COURSE. 2293 01:17:56,720 --> 01:18:00,080 GENDER PERFORMANCE AND GENDER 2294 01:18:00,080 --> 01:18:00,400 EXPRESSION. 2295 01:18:00,400 --> 01:18:02,280 LIKE THERE REALLY IS A HUGE BODY 2296 01:18:02,280 --> 01:18:03,640 OF LITERATURE TO GUIDE US ON 2297 01:18:03,640 --> 01:18:07,200 THAT BUT AS BEAR MINIMUM, WE GOT 2298 01:18:07,200 --> 01:18:09,760 TO BE ASKING, SEX AND GENDER AS 2299 01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:11,680 SEPARATE DOMAINS AND SEPARATE 2300 01:18:11,680 --> 01:18:12,840 DOMAINS TO BE RECORDED ACROSS 2301 01:18:12,840 --> 01:18:15,360 OUR GRANT MECHANISMS AS WELL. 2302 01:18:15,360 --> 01:18:17,400 AND THAT HAS WORKED FOR US VERY 2303 01:18:17,400 --> 01:18:19,160 WELL IN PERU. 2304 01:18:19,160 --> 01:18:23,760 AND WHAT HASN'T WORKED SO WELL 2305 01:18:23,760 --> 01:18:24,400 FOR US IS THE NECESSARY DIVISION 2306 01:18:24,400 --> 01:18:25,560 BETWEEN SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND 2307 01:18:25,560 --> 01:18:26,480 GENDER IDENTITY. 2308 01:18:26,480 --> 01:18:27,560 SO THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WE 2309 01:18:27,560 --> 01:18:29,640 STRUGGLE WITH IN OUR CONTEXT, 2310 01:18:29,640 --> 01:18:31,920 BUT WE'RE ABLE TO TALK ABOUT IT 2311 01:18:31,920 --> 01:18:34,400 WITH REGARDS TO DIFFERENT 2312 01:18:34,400 --> 01:18:36,440 CONTEXT STARTING WITH WHEN WE 2313 01:18:36,440 --> 01:18:38,360 ASK PEOPLE ABOUT SEX AND GENDER 2314 01:18:38,360 --> 01:18:39,960 AND THEN WHERE DO THE CONFUSIONS 2315 01:18:39,960 --> 01:18:44,480 OR TENSIONS COME. 2316 01:18:44,480 --> 01:18:46,200 >>I WOULD JUST ADD, I AGREE 2317 01:18:46,200 --> 01:18:47,920 WITH EVERYTHING THAT'S BEEN SAID 2318 01:18:47,920 --> 01:18:49,920 AND I WOULD ADD THAT IN IRAN, 2319 01:18:49,920 --> 01:18:51,920 IT'S REALLY NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR 2320 01:18:51,920 --> 01:18:53,600 FOLKS TO EVEN IDENTIFY AS A 2321 01:18:53,600 --> 01:18:56,520 DIFFERENT GENDER THAN THE SEX 2322 01:18:56,520 --> 01:18:58,880 THAT THEY WERE ASSIGNED AT 2323 01:18:58,880 --> 01:18:59,080 BIRTH. 2324 01:18:59,080 --> 01:19:03,800 AND THAT PEOPLE WHO HAVE ANY 2325 01:19:03,800 --> 01:19:04,600 IDENTITY THAT IS RELATED WITH 2326 01:19:04,600 --> 01:19:08,480 ANY OF THE LGBTQIA IDENTITIES 2327 01:19:08,480 --> 01:19:10,480 ARE PERSECUTED HEAVILY AND THE 2328 01:19:10,480 --> 01:19:10,920 PUNISHMENT IS DEATH. 2329 01:19:10,920 --> 01:19:13,560 SO THERE IS NOT REALLY FREEDOM 2330 01:19:13,560 --> 01:19:14,240 OF EXPRESSION THERE ABOUT GENDER 2331 01:19:14,240 --> 01:19:18,720 OR SEX OR SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR 2332 01:19:18,720 --> 01:19:19,360 ANYTHING BECAUSE THERE ARE JUST 2333 01:19:19,360 --> 01:19:22,920 RAMPANT HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS 2334 01:19:22,920 --> 01:19:23,320 THERE EVERY DAY. 2335 01:19:23,320 --> 01:19:26,120 >>THANK YOU ALL FOR AN ENGAGING 2336 01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:26,640 FIRST QUESTION. 2337 01:19:26,640 --> 01:19:28,880 AND BUILDING OFF OF THAT AND NOT 2338 01:19:28,880 --> 01:19:30,160 SEEING ANY QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT 2339 01:19:30,160 --> 01:19:32,280 YET, ALTHOUGH I'M STILL KEEPING 2340 01:19:32,280 --> 01:19:34,840 MY FINGERS CROSSED AND ACTIVELY 2341 01:19:34,840 --> 01:19:37,360 ENCOURAGING FOLKS TO ADD THEM. 2342 01:19:37,360 --> 01:19:39,360 SO YOU ALL TALKED ABOUT 2343 01:19:39,360 --> 01:19:42,280 INTERSECTION AT TOW SOME EXTENT, 2344 01:19:42,280 --> 01:19:42,480 RIGHT? 2345 01:19:42,480 --> 01:19:43,400 IN DIFFERENT WAYS. 2346 01:19:43,400 --> 01:19:45,120 ONE THING THAT THE QUESTION THAT 2347 01:19:45,120 --> 01:19:47,880 DR. TIM KIN IS MAKING ME WONDER 2348 01:19:47,880 --> 01:19:51,600 ABOUT IS F WE'RE GOING TO TAKE 2349 01:19:51,600 --> 01:19:54,680 THIS IDEA OF COCONSTRUCTION OF 2350 01:19:54,680 --> 01:19:56,200 MULTIPLE FORMS OF OPPRESSION 2351 01:19:56,200 --> 01:19:58,720 SERIOUSLY, HOW CAN WE GET AT 2352 01:19:58,720 --> 01:20:03,440 CAPTURING IN OUR STUDIES THE 2353 01:20:03,440 --> 01:20:05,960 GENDER IS RACIALIZED, GENDER IS 2354 01:20:05,960 --> 01:20:09,320 CLASSED, SIMILARLY SEXISM AND 2355 01:20:09,320 --> 01:20:11,000 CISGENDERRISM ARE COCONSTRUCTED 2356 01:20:11,000 --> 01:20:14,200 AS YOU ALL SAID, WITH RACISM AND 2357 01:20:14,200 --> 01:20:14,440 PHOBIAS. 2358 01:20:14,440 --> 01:20:17,120 SO WHAT ARE THE TOOLS AT OUR 2359 01:20:17,120 --> 01:20:18,240 DISPOSAL AS RESEARCHERS TO KIND 2360 01:20:18,240 --> 01:20:20,000 OF CAPTURE THOSE INTERSECTIONS 2361 01:20:20,000 --> 01:20:21,920 AND HOW HAVE YOU BEEN ABLE TO DO 2362 01:20:21,920 --> 01:20:22,120 THAT? 2363 01:20:22,120 --> 01:20:23,960 AND ALSO WHAT CHALLENGES AND 2364 01:20:23,960 --> 01:20:28,520 WAYS FORWARD DO YOU SEE FOR 2365 01:20:28,520 --> 01:20:32,480 DOING SO? 2366 01:20:32,480 --> 01:20:34,280 >>I MEAN THIS IS SUCH AN 2367 01:20:34,280 --> 01:20:34,720 IMPORTANT QUESTION. 2368 01:20:34,720 --> 01:20:36,200 I CAN TAKE A STAB AT IT AND SAY 2369 01:20:36,200 --> 01:20:38,560 THAT A LOT OF THE WORK THAT IS 2370 01:20:38,560 --> 01:20:40,160 DONE THAT IS NOT AS 2371 01:20:40,160 --> 01:20:42,000 SOPHISTICATED AS SOME OF THE 2372 01:20:42,000 --> 01:20:43,480 STUFF WE HAVE SEEN PRESENTED 2373 01:20:43,480 --> 01:20:45,040 TODAY, THE TYPE OF STUFF LIKE 2374 01:20:45,040 --> 01:20:47,640 THE SPEAKERS AT MEETINGS THAT I 2375 01:20:47,640 --> 01:20:47,920 PRESENTED. 2376 01:20:47,920 --> 01:20:50,080 WE HAVE VERY LIMITED INFORMATION 2377 01:20:50,080 --> 01:20:52,680 AND IN FACT, I WANTED TO DO 2378 01:20:52,680 --> 01:20:56,480 SOMETHING LIKE THAT TO SEE WHO 2379 01:20:56,480 --> 01:20:58,200 LIKE JAMA AND NEW ENGLAND 2380 01:20:58,200 --> 01:20:59,840 JOURNAL, LANCET SEE AS EXPERTS. 2381 01:20:59,840 --> 01:21:01,080 BECAUSE NOVEMBERS LIKE A YEAR 2382 01:21:01,080 --> 01:21:02,080 AGO I HAD A IDEA LET'S LOOK AT 2383 01:21:02,080 --> 01:21:03,920 THE FIRST YEAR OF THE PAN DEMIC 2384 01:21:03,920 --> 01:21:06,520 AND WHO DID THEY INVITE ON TO 2385 01:21:06,520 --> 01:21:07,560 THEIR COVID PODCASTS. 2386 01:21:07,560 --> 01:21:09,440 BECAUSE THEY ALL STARTED WEEKLY 2387 01:21:09,440 --> 01:21:11,760 PODCASTS THEY DIDN'T HAVE WITH 2388 01:21:11,760 --> 01:21:12,840 REGULARITY BEFORE. 2389 01:21:12,840 --> 01:21:14,000 ALL YOU CAN MAYBE GUESS AT AND 2390 01:21:14,000 --> 01:21:15,680 GARNER FROM WHAT IS AVAILABLE ON 2391 01:21:15,680 --> 01:21:17,520 THE INTERNET IS GENDER AND EVEN 2392 01:21:17,520 --> 01:21:19,440 THAT, LIKE OBVIOUSLY IS SOMEWHAT 2393 01:21:19,440 --> 01:21:19,680 FLAWED. 2394 01:21:19,680 --> 01:21:20,080 THAT METHODOLOGY. 2395 01:21:20,080 --> 01:21:22,040 BUT YOU CAN KIND OF GET AT IT IF 2396 01:21:22,040 --> 01:21:24,480 YOU CAN FIND PRONOUNCE BUT THERE 2397 01:21:24,480 --> 01:21:26,600 IS NO ANALOGUE FOR THAT FOR RACE 2398 01:21:26,600 --> 01:21:29,880 OR ETHNICITY OR ANY OTHER ASPECT 2399 01:21:29,880 --> 01:21:30,400 OF IDENTITY. 2400 01:21:30,400 --> 01:21:30,920 THEN YOU'RE THROAT CONTACT 2401 01:21:30,920 --> 01:21:32,640 PEOPLE AND WE ALL KNOW THAT WHEN 2402 01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:34,000 YOU CONTACT PEOPLE, THE RESPONSE 2403 01:21:34,000 --> 01:21:36,520 RATES ARE LOW AND SOY I THINK 2404 01:21:36,520 --> 01:21:38,720 THAT'S, FOR THAT TYPE OF WORK 2405 01:21:38,720 --> 01:21:39,760 WHICH IS A VERY SPECIFIC 2406 01:21:39,760 --> 01:21:42,560 CATEGORY OF WORK, I THINK THAT 2407 01:21:42,560 --> 01:21:43,880 IS A LIMITATION. 2408 01:21:43,880 --> 01:21:45,960 AND THEN I'LL LEAVE IT TO THE 2409 01:21:45,960 --> 01:21:47,760 OTHER FOLKS TO ADDRESS WHAT I 2410 01:21:47,760 --> 01:21:49,960 SEE OR MAYBE NOT -- ADDRESS 2411 01:21:49,960 --> 01:21:51,000 WHATEVER YOU WANT, BUT ANOTHER 2412 01:21:51,000 --> 01:21:53,160 QUESTION I HAVE IS AROUND WHEN 2413 01:21:53,160 --> 01:21:57,480 WE'RE TRYING TO DO STUDIES LIKE 2414 01:21:57,480 --> 01:22:00,080 DOT PATIENT PHYSICIAN CONCORDANT 2415 01:22:00,080 --> 01:22:02,200 STUDIES, IF WE WANT TO LOOK AT 2416 01:22:02,200 --> 01:22:03,240 RACE AND GENDER AND WE HAPPEN TO 2417 01:22:03,240 --> 01:22:06,440 HAVE A DATASET THAT HAS BOTH, 2418 01:22:06,440 --> 01:22:06,720 IT'S MUDDY. 2419 01:22:06,720 --> 01:22:09,000 THAT STUDY ON NEWBORNS, THEY 2420 01:22:09,000 --> 01:22:09,920 JUST COMPARED BLACK AND WHITE. 2421 01:22:09,920 --> 01:22:12,200 THERE WERE NO OTHER RACES OR 2422 01:22:12,200 --> 01:22:13,960 ETHNICITIES REPRESENTED IN THAT 2423 01:22:13,960 --> 01:22:14,960 DATA. 2424 01:22:14,960 --> 01:22:17,440 AND SO HOW DO YOU LOOK AT BOTH 2425 01:22:17,440 --> 01:22:18,760 GENDER LIKE -- YOU CAN 2426 01:22:18,760 --> 01:22:20,600 ANALYTICALLY LOOK AT EVERY 2427 01:22:20,600 --> 01:22:23,600 SINGLE LEVEL BUT IT STARTS TO BE 2428 01:22:23,600 --> 01:22:24,920 SO FEW NUMBERS WITHIN EACH OF 2429 01:22:24,920 --> 01:22:27,240 THESE CATEGORIES THAT IT'S HARD 2430 01:22:27,240 --> 01:22:29,400 TO SAY SOMETHING MEANINGFUL IT'S 2431 01:22:29,400 --> 01:22:32,400 ANOTHER THING THAT I PERCEIVE AS 2432 01:22:32,400 --> 01:22:36,080 A METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGE. 2433 01:22:36,080 --> 01:22:38,880 >>I THINK THE WAY THAT -- 2434 01:22:38,880 --> 01:22:39,760 CHALLENGING THE THINKING IN A 2435 01:22:39,760 --> 01:22:42,400 SITUATION, WHEN I FIRST STARTED 2436 01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:44,160 THIS WORK, IS THERE NATIONAL 2437 01:22:44,160 --> 01:22:46,120 DATASETS FOR -- AND THERE ARE 2438 01:22:46,120 --> 01:22:48,880 BUT THEY ARE NOT GOOD AND ALSO 2439 01:22:48,880 --> 01:22:49,800 TRIBES UNDERSTOOD - LIKE I'M 2440 01:22:49,800 --> 01:22:52,440 THINKING FROM A TRIBAL 2441 01:22:52,440 --> 01:22:53,040 PERSPECTIVE. 2442 01:22:53,040 --> 01:22:53,640 MARGINALIZED GROUPS UNDERSTAND 2443 01:22:53,640 --> 01:22:57,080 WHEN THEY RESIST BEING 2444 01:22:57,080 --> 01:23:01,640 HOMOGENIZED AND HAVING THESE 2445 01:23:01,640 --> 01:23:03,080 PRESCRIBED CATEGORIES THAT FEEL 2446 01:23:03,080 --> 01:23:05,960 DEHUMANIZING IN MANY WAYS. 2447 01:23:05,960 --> 01:23:07,680 I RECOMMEND TAKING A STEP BACK 2448 01:23:07,680 --> 01:23:10,600 AND ASKING HOW PEOPLE WANT TO 2449 01:23:10,600 --> 01:23:14,720 DEFINE THEMSELVES AND GIVE THAT 2450 01:23:14,720 --> 01:23:15,560 VOICE. 2451 01:23:15,560 --> 01:23:16,080 BECAUSE SOMETIMES WHAT 2452 01:23:16,080 --> 01:23:17,120 INFORMATION ARE WE GOING TO GET 2453 01:23:17,120 --> 01:23:19,920 AND WHO IS IT GOING TO HELP? 2454 01:23:19,920 --> 01:23:22,120 AND WHAT TYPES OF INFORMATION OR 2455 01:23:22,120 --> 01:23:23,160 RESEARCH DO WE NEED TO DO DO 2456 01:23:23,160 --> 01:23:24,320 MAKE MORE SYSTEMIC CHANGES WHICH 2457 01:23:24,320 --> 01:23:25,360 MIGHT BE IN THE WAY WE THINK 2458 01:23:25,360 --> 01:23:27,800 ABOUT AND ASK QUESTIONS. 2459 01:23:27,800 --> 01:23:29,600 AND WHO OWNS THE DATA? 2460 01:23:29,600 --> 01:23:30,960 THESE KIND OF THINGS. 2461 01:23:30,960 --> 01:23:33,240 WHO IS CREATING KNOWLEDGE AND 2462 01:23:33,240 --> 01:23:34,440 FOR WHOM? 2463 01:23:34,440 --> 01:23:37,320 AND IT REALLY DOES TAKE A STEP 2464 01:23:37,320 --> 01:23:39,160 BACK, AN INVESTMENT IN LETTING 2465 01:23:39,160 --> 01:23:41,040 PEOPLE WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED THIS 2466 01:23:41,040 --> 01:23:43,360 HAVE THAT POWER TO CONSTRUCT 2467 01:23:43,360 --> 01:23:44,280 THEIR RESEARCH. 2468 01:23:44,280 --> 01:23:47,040 YOU SEE THIS, IN CANADA I WAS 2469 01:23:47,040 --> 01:23:47,600 REVIEWING SOME BILLIONS OF 2470 01:23:47,600 --> 01:23:50,160 DOLLARS THEY ARE GIVING TO 2471 01:23:50,160 --> 01:23:53,240 UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS 2472 01:23:53,240 --> 01:23:54,560 THAT ARE SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION 2473 01:23:54,560 --> 01:23:57,160 IS GOING FOR INDIGENOUS 2474 01:23:57,160 --> 01:23:57,440 RESEARCH. 2475 01:23:57,440 --> 01:23:58,360 SO I REALLY THINK WE NEED TO 2476 01:23:58,360 --> 01:24:00,920 SAY, WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? 2477 01:24:00,920 --> 01:24:03,200 AND LET AND PROVIDE THAT TRUST 2478 01:24:03,200 --> 01:24:06,680 AND PROVIDE THAT GOVERNANCE AND 2479 01:24:06,680 --> 01:24:08,680 THAT SOVEREIGNTY FOR PEOPLE TO 2480 01:24:08,680 --> 01:24:09,400 DEFINE THEMSELVES BECAUSE WE 2481 01:24:09,400 --> 01:24:13,040 HAVE THESE VERY DEHUMANIZING 2482 01:24:13,040 --> 01:24:14,920 SEPARATING TYPES OF STATUSES 2483 01:24:14,920 --> 01:24:15,760 THAT PEOPLE MAY OR MAY NOT BE 2484 01:24:15,760 --> 01:24:17,240 ALIGNED WITH. 2485 01:24:17,240 --> 01:24:20,480 THEY ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY 2486 01:24:20,480 --> 01:24:21,920 EFFECT HOW YOU WOULD EXPERIENCE 2487 01:24:21,920 --> 01:24:23,280 OPPRESSION IN THE WORLD BUT THEY 2488 01:24:23,280 --> 01:24:24,960 MAY NOT FEEL REFLECTIVE TO YOU 2489 01:24:24,960 --> 01:24:27,720 AND MAY REFINE THIS 2490 01:24:27,720 --> 01:24:28,520 DAMAGE-CENTERED RESEARCH. 2491 01:24:28,520 --> 01:24:30,960 WE NEED TO STEP BACK AND REALLY 2492 01:24:30,960 --> 01:24:33,200 PUT SOME RESOURCES, SOME 2493 01:24:33,200 --> 01:24:35,680 INFRASTRUCTURE AND LETTING 2494 01:24:35,680 --> 01:24:36,280 PEOPLE DEFINE THEMSELVES AND 2495 01:24:36,280 --> 01:24:39,200 THEN HOW CAN WE COME TOGETHER IN 2496 01:24:39,200 --> 01:24:41,000 A RELATIONAL WAY? 2497 01:24:41,000 --> 01:24:44,040 I REALLY LOVE INTERSECTIONAL AS 2498 01:24:44,040 --> 01:24:44,440 WELL. 2499 01:24:44,440 --> 01:24:46,160 THAT'S RELATIONAL. 2500 01:24:46,160 --> 01:24:46,760 SO WE AREN'T THIS ONE THING. 2501 01:24:46,760 --> 01:24:48,480 SO HOW CAN WE LOOK AT THINGS 2502 01:24:48,480 --> 01:24:49,960 MORE HOLISTICALLY? 2503 01:24:49,960 --> 01:24:51,680 WHAT TYPES OF RESEARCH ISSUE 2504 01:24:51,680 --> 01:24:55,600 LENDING THEMSELVES FOR THAT? 2505 01:24:55,600 --> 01:24:58,160 >>I HAVE BEEN REALLY PUMPED 2506 01:24:58,160 --> 01:24:59,480 ABOUT THE NEW METHODS THAT ARE 2507 01:24:59,480 --> 01:25:00,200 COMING FORWARD. 2508 01:25:00,200 --> 01:25:01,760 SO WHEN YOU SAY LIKE WHAT ARE 2509 01:25:01,760 --> 01:25:03,960 THE TOOLS THAT WE HAVE 2510 01:25:03,960 --> 01:25:04,760 AVAILABLE? 2511 01:25:04,760 --> 01:25:05,160 FOLKS ARE DOING IT. 2512 01:25:05,160 --> 01:25:08,360 AND FOLKS ARE DOING IT ACROSS 2513 01:25:08,360 --> 01:25:10,080 DIFFERENT DOMAINS. 2514 01:25:10,080 --> 01:25:11,800 WE HAVE GRETA AND IMAN PUSHING 2515 01:25:11,800 --> 01:25:13,400 US TO THINK THROUGH 2516 01:25:13,400 --> 01:25:15,760 QUANTITATIVELY HOW DO WE MEASURE 2517 01:25:15,760 --> 01:25:16,560 INTERSECTIONALITY. 2518 01:25:16,560 --> 01:25:18,720 AND THEN WE HAVE FOLKS LIKE RYAN 2519 01:25:18,720 --> 01:25:20,400 THROWING POLITICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2520 01:25:20,400 --> 01:25:23,360 AT US AND LIKE BRINGING IN 2521 01:25:23,360 --> 01:25:25,720 POETRY INTO METHODS AND ALL OF A 2522 01:25:25,720 --> 01:25:27,280 SUDDEN IT'S LIKE WHEN WE WERE 2523 01:25:27,280 --> 01:25:28,960 TALKING ABOUT ACTIVE 2524 01:25:28,960 --> 01:25:30,320 OPPRESSIONS, LIKE HOW ARE WE 2525 01:25:30,320 --> 01:25:31,200 LIMITING OURSELVES AND OUR 2526 01:25:31,200 --> 01:25:32,680 THINKING AND OUR METHODS? 2527 01:25:32,680 --> 01:25:35,960 AND SO FOR ME PERSONALLY, I'VE 2528 01:25:35,960 --> 01:25:37,440 TRIED TO REALLY GO DOWN A PATH 2529 01:25:37,440 --> 01:25:38,840 WITH LATIN-AMERICAN SOCIAL 2530 01:25:38,840 --> 01:25:40,160 MEDICINE AND SO FOR THAT, FOR 2531 01:25:40,160 --> 01:25:41,920 ME, THAT MEANS EPIDEMIOLOGY 2532 01:25:41,920 --> 01:25:43,880 WITHOUT NUMBERS AND POLITICAL 2533 01:25:43,880 --> 01:25:44,160 INCIDENCE. 2534 01:25:44,160 --> 01:25:47,360 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN AND HOW DO 2535 01:25:47,360 --> 01:25:48,320 WE CHANGE? 2536 01:25:48,320 --> 01:25:51,640 AND I KNOW IT'S GOING TO SOUND 2537 01:25:51,640 --> 01:25:53,760 VERY POLYANISH, BUT LIKE TEAMS. 2538 01:25:53,760 --> 01:25:55,080 TEAMS DO THIS. 2539 01:25:55,080 --> 01:25:57,920 AND FUNDING FOR LARGER TEAMS 2540 01:25:57,920 --> 01:25:58,480 DOES THIS. 2541 01:25:58,480 --> 01:26:00,320 SO ON ONE OF OUR CLINICAL TRIALS 2542 01:26:00,320 --> 01:26:02,960 THAT WE HAVE FUNDED NOW, LIKE WE 2543 01:26:02,960 --> 01:26:04,320 BROUGHT IN A PHOTO JOURNALIST 2544 01:26:04,320 --> 01:26:06,560 BECAUSE WHAT WE ARE SEEING WITH 2545 01:26:06,560 --> 01:26:09,280 TRANSWOMEN MIGRATING FROM 2546 01:26:09,280 --> 01:26:11,200 VENEZUELA TO PERU, THAT PRE CARE 2547 01:26:11,200 --> 01:26:14,440 US LIFE, WE ARE NOT CAPTURING IN 2548 01:26:14,440 --> 01:26:16,000 OUR SCALES, IN OUR QUALITATIVE 2549 01:26:16,000 --> 01:26:18,680 INTERVIEWS, OR IN OUR FOCUS 2550 01:26:18,680 --> 01:26:19,360 GROUPS. 2551 01:26:19,360 --> 01:26:21,440 LIKE IT'S TOO COMPLEX AND SO WE 2552 01:26:21,440 --> 01:26:23,520 WILL GET THERE, RIGHT? 2553 01:26:23,520 --> 01:26:25,160 LIKE I HAVE HOPE. 2554 01:26:25,160 --> 01:26:26,440 LIKE I HAVE CRITICAL HOPE WE 2555 01:26:26,440 --> 01:26:27,080 WILL GET THERE BUT WE DON'T HAVE 2556 01:26:27,080 --> 01:26:29,000 THE METHODS YET. 2557 01:26:29,000 --> 01:26:31,080 AND SO, IN PARTNERING WITH OTHER 2558 01:26:31,080 --> 01:26:33,280 FOLKS, IT'S NOT MY AREA BUT 2559 01:26:33,280 --> 01:26:37,840 THERE IS BODY MAPPING AND PHOTO 2560 01:26:37,840 --> 01:26:38,960 VOICE AND THERE IS -- I MEAN IF 2561 01:26:38,960 --> 01:26:41,160 WE'RE THINKING ABOUT INDIGENOUS 2562 01:26:41,160 --> 01:26:42,960 WAYS OF STORY TABLE TALKS AND 2563 01:26:42,960 --> 01:26:45,760 DREAMS OF STORYTELLING, THERE IS 2564 01:26:45,760 --> 01:26:46,720 SO MUCH LEARNING THERE. 2565 01:26:46,720 --> 01:26:51,880 BUT IT'S NOT AN INDIVIDUAL 2566 01:26:51,880 --> 01:26:52,400 EFFORT. 2567 01:26:52,400 --> 01:26:55,040 >>I LOVE THAT EVEN AS LIKE 2568 01:26:55,040 --> 01:26:56,640 EVERYTHING HAS BECOME MORE 2569 01:26:56,640 --> 01:27:02,000 VISUAL THAT THE WAY THAT WE 2570 01:27:02,000 --> 01:27:02,880 EXPERIENCE THE WORLD, I THINK 2571 01:27:02,880 --> 01:27:04,920 ALL OF OUR COMMUNICATION METHODS 2572 01:27:04,920 --> 01:27:06,720 HAVE CHANGED AND IT'S REALLY 2573 01:27:06,720 --> 01:27:09,600 INTERESTING TO THINK ABOUT THAT. 2574 01:27:09,600 --> 01:27:11,480 >>AND JUST TO SAY THAT THAT WAS 2575 01:27:11,480 --> 01:27:14,120 A FANTASTIC NOTE TO KIND OF END 2576 01:27:14,120 --> 01:27:14,840 OUR PANEL ON BECAUSE I THINK YOU 2577 01:27:14,840 --> 01:27:17,440 ALL REMIND US OF THE 2578 01:27:17,440 --> 01:27:18,880 COMPLEXITIES OF STUDYING THESE 2579 01:27:18,880 --> 01:27:22,160 TOPICS AND REALLY THINKING ABOUT 2580 01:27:22,160 --> 01:27:25,520 NEW WAYS TO INTEGRATE DIFFERENT 2581 01:27:25,520 --> 01:27:27,760 PERSPECTIVES SO WE CAN CAPTURE 2582 01:27:27,760 --> 01:27:33,080 PEOPLE'S FULL HUMANITY WITHIN 2583 01:27:33,080 --> 01:27:33,320 CONTEXT. 2584 01:27:33,320 --> 01:27:34,280 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 2585 01:27:34,280 --> 01:27:37,480 OFFERING YOUR INSIGHTS, YOUR 2586 01:27:37,480 --> 01:27:38,600 CRITICAL IMPORTANT WORK. 2587 01:27:38,600 --> 01:27:41,880 I JUST WANT TO GIVE YOU A ROUND 2588 01:27:41,880 --> 01:27:44,880 OF APPLAUSE FOR REALLY ENGAGING 2589 01:27:44,880 --> 01:27:47,760 US TO THINK STRUCTURALLY, TO I 2590 01:27:47,760 --> 01:27:49,600 THINK INTERSECTIONALY AND AS YOU 2591 01:27:49,600 --> 01:27:52,640 SAID IT DR. McKINLEY, TO THINK 2592 01:27:52,640 --> 01:27:53,160 RELATION ALLEY. 2593 01:27:53,160 --> 01:27:54,800 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2594 01:27:54,800 --> 01:27:55,680 >>THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2595 01:27:55,680 --> 01:27:56,000 WONDERFUL JOB. 2596 01:27:56,000 --> 01:27:57,280 >>I'M JUST GOING TO REMIND 2597 01:27:57,280 --> 01:28:00,400 FOLKS OF A COUPLE OF THINGS. 2598 01:28:00,400 --> 01:28:01,000 THAT THIBLE STRADDLE ARE ALL 2599 01:28:01,000 --> 01:28:02,000 AVAILABLE IF PEOPLE DIDN'T HAVE 2600 01:28:02,000 --> 01:28:03,240 A CHANCE TO TAKE A LOOK AT THEM 2601 01:28:03,240 --> 01:28:05,440 SO FAR. 2602 01:28:05,440 --> 01:28:08,680 BOTH ON THE EVENT WEB PAGE AND 2603 01:28:08,680 --> 01:28:09,400 THE V FARES PLATFORM AND THAT 2604 01:28:09,400 --> 01:28:12,200 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A REPORT 2605 01:28:12,200 --> 01:28:14,440 BACK FROM ALL THREE SESSIONS AND 2606 01:28:14,440 --> 01:28:16,200 THEN CLOSING REMARKS AND THANK 2607 01:28:16,200 --> 01:28:26,760 YOU ALL FOR PARTICIPATING TODAY.