1 00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:08,040 >>WELCOME TO ALL OF YOU. 2 00:00:08,040 --> 00:00:11,280 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AT THE 3 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:12,360 MODIFIABLE FACTORS AND SOCIAL 4 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:13,640 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH SESSION. 5 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:16,480 WE'RE GOING TO BEGIN TODAY WITH 6 00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:18,880 PRELIMINARY REMARKS FROM OUR 7 00:00:18,880 --> 00:00:20,080 CHAIR, DR. REBECCA JORDAN YOUNG, 8 00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,720 THAT WILL BE FOLLOWED BY THREE 9 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:24,320 PRESENTATIONS AND A PANEL 10 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:25,680 DISCUSSION AND DR. JORDAN-YOUNG 11 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:27,840 WILL INTRODUCE EACH OF THE THREE 12 00:00:27,840 --> 00:00:28,280 SPEAKERS. 13 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,360 PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK 14 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:31,080 QUESTIONS DURING THE 15 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:33,880 PRESENTATION VIA THE Q&A CHAT 16 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:34,080 BOX. 17 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:36,840 AND WE'LL COMPILE THOSE AS WE GO 18 00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:38,360 ALONG AND HAVE THE Q&A SESSION 19 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:40,240 AT THE END. 20 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:43,520 I'M THRILLED TO INTRODUCE DR. 21 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:45,160 REBECCA JORDAN-YOUNG, ANN 22 00:00:45,160 --> 00:00:46,480 WHITNEY OLDEN PROFESSOR AND 23 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:48,760 CHAIR OF WOMEN'S GENDER AND 24 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:51,840 SEXUALITY STUDIES AT BARNARD 25 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:53,480 COLLEGE, AN INTERDISCIPLINARY 26 00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:57,200 FEMINIST SCIENTIST, AND SCIENCE 27 00:00:57,200 --> 00:00:58,720 STUDY SCHOLAR, EXPLORING 28 00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:01,800 RELATIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND 29 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:03,560 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND SOCIAL 30 00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:05,840 HIERARCHIES OF GENDER, CLASS, 31 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:06,040 RACE. 32 00:01:06,040 --> 00:01:07,400 THE FULL BIO CAN BE FOUND IN THE 33 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,120 LINK IN THE CHAT THAT WE WILL 34 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,840 CENTERPIECE IN JUST A MOMENT. 35 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:14,680 THANKS VERY MUCH, EVERYONE, AND 36 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:15,720 WELCOME. 37 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:19,840 >>THANK YOU, DR. POPKIN. 38 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:21,360 IT'S A DELIGHT AND PLEASURE TO 39 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:22,120 BE HERE. 40 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:23,880 I'M SO MUCH LOOKING FORWARD TO 41 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:25,960 THE PRESENTATIONS WE HAVE TODAY. 42 00:01:25,960 --> 00:01:28,360 I WILL SAY THAT I'VE DECIDED TO 43 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:29,920 KEEP MY OWN COMMENTS QUITE 44 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:30,560 BRIEF. 45 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:31,760 WE HAVE WONDERFUL SPEAKERS, I'D 46 00:01:31,760 --> 00:01:34,080 RATHER SPEND MOST OF OUR TIME 47 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:35,600 HEARING ABOUT THEIR CONCRETE 48 00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:37,360 RESEARCH PROGRAMS AS WE'VE 49 00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:39,880 ALREADY HAD SUCH STRONG PLENARY 50 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:41,200 SPEAKERS TO SET THE OVERALL 51 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:41,400 STAGE. 52 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:45,120 THAT SAID, I HAVE ONLY A FEW 53 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:47,320 SMALL OVERARCHING POINTS TO GIVE 54 00:01:47,320 --> 00:01:48,440 SOME ADDITIONAL CONTEXT AND 55 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:50,480 FRAMING TO WHAT WILL COME. 56 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,320 FIRST, I'M DELIGHTED OUR PANEL 57 00:01:53,320 --> 00:01:55,280 WILL MAKE IT ABSOLUTELY EXPLICIT 58 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:56,720 THAT GENDER ISN'T JUST A FANCY 59 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:58,280 WORD FOR WOMEN. 60 00:01:58,280 --> 00:02:00,120 MEN HAVE GENDER TOO. 61 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:03,080 AND THE CROSS-CUTTING NATURE OF 62 00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:04,120 SOCIAL HIERARCHIES MEANS THAT 63 00:02:04,120 --> 00:02:10,840 MEN DO NOT AS A BROAD CLASS HOLD 64 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:11,880 PRIVILEGE AND ALWAYS OVER WOMEN 65 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:15,600 AS BROAD CLASS, IT'S NOT USEFUL 66 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:20,480 TO THINK THAT WAY. 67 00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:21,440 SINGLE DIMENSION THINKING IS 68 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:23,640 PROBLEMATIC IN THE FIELD SO I'M 69 00:02:23,640 --> 00:02:25,640 DELIGHTED WE HAVE A PAPER THAT'S 70 00:02:25,640 --> 00:02:27,160 GOING TO THINK ABOUT MEN'S 71 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:27,480 HEALTH. 72 00:02:27,480 --> 00:02:30,080 SECOND, I WANT TO TOUCH ON THE 73 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:32,200 DEFINITION OF GENDER THAT NANCY 74 00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:33,600 KRIEGER PRESENTED THIS MORNING, 75 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:35,480 OFFER A FEW ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS 76 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:38,720 ABOUT HOW WE MIGHT DEFINE AND 77 00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:39,760 UNDERSTAND GENDER. 78 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:41,360 NANCY PRESENTED DEFINITION THAT 79 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:43,880 CAME FROM RAY WYNN CONNELL, WHO 80 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:46,640 DEFINES GENDER IN THIS CASE AS 81 00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:47,720 EMBODIED SOCIAL STRUCTURE WHICH 82 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:50,880 I THINK IS A SUPER INTERESTING 83 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,640 AND HELPFUL WAY TO THINK ABOUT 84 00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:56,400 WHAT GENDER IS, AND IT'S ALSO -- 85 00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:59,480 WHEN I'M TEACHING STUDENTS, 86 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:00,520 OFTEN THIS DEFINITION CAN 87 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:01,880 CONFUSE THEM AT FIRST, VERY 88 00:03:01,880 --> 00:03:02,080 MUCH. 89 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:04,160 WHAT DOES IT MEAN A SOCIAL 90 00:03:04,160 --> 00:03:05,920 STRUCTURE IS EMBODIED? 91 00:03:05,920 --> 00:03:07,560 IS THIS THIS PERSONAL INDIVIDUAL 92 00:03:07,560 --> 00:03:08,320 BIOLOGICAL LEVEL THING? 93 00:03:08,320 --> 00:03:11,560 OR IS IT A SOCIAL STRUCTURE? 94 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:13,880 AND THIS ONE TERM, THIS PHRASE, 95 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:17,920 DOES A REALLY GOOD JOB OF 96 00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:19,360 IMMEDIATELY CONVEYING WHAT A LOT 97 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:22,320 OF FEAR RISKS OF GENDER, SEX, 98 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,600 SEXUALITY AND HEALTH HAVE SAID 99 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:27,160 AS OUR GOAL WHICH IS TO 100 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:31,000 UNDERSTAND THAT THE WAY OUR 101 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:33,160 BODIES IMBIBE SOCIAL STRUCTURE 102 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:36,120 AND TRANSFORM OUR SOCIAL 103 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:37,760 ENVIRONMENTS INTO INDIVIDUAL 104 00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:39,960 LEVEL AND GROUP LEVEL PATTERNS 105 00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:40,640 OF HEALTH. 106 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:42,720 SO I THINK THAT'S JUST SUPER 107 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:44,120 USEFUL FOR US. 108 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:47,080 I HAVE IN THE PAST SOMETIMES 109 00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:49,280 IDENTIFIED OR DEFINED GENDER AS 110 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:50,160 A PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL 111 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:50,560 ENVIRONMENT. 112 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:56,280 IT CAN BE HELPFUL TO THINK ABOUT 113 00:03:56,280 --> 00:03:57,720 GENDER AS STRUCTURED, NOT JUST 114 00:03:57,720 --> 00:03:59,800 IN THE OUTCOME, AND THE REASON I 115 00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:02,080 RAISE THIS NOW IS THAT OUR 116 00:04:02,080 --> 00:04:05,240 PAPERS AND I THINK THE DAY AS A 117 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:07,040 WHOLE ARE REALLY LOOKING AT BY 118 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:09,080 AND LARGE ADULT OUTCOMES. 119 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:11,280 WE'RE LOOKING AT PATTERNS OF 120 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:13,560 GENDER AND HEALTH, AS ADULTS. 121 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:15,880 IT'S REALLY INTERESTING AND 122 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:17,720 USEFUL TO REMEMBER THAT THERE 123 00:04:17,720 --> 00:04:21,880 ARE DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS AND 124 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:22,840 PROCESSES, AND GENDER 125 00:04:22,840 --> 00:04:24,080 SOCIALIZATION AND THE RULES 126 00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:27,120 ABOUT GENDER, NOT JUST 127 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:33,680 SOCIALIZATION, BUT DE FACTO AND 128 00:04:33,680 --> 00:04:35,760 DEJURE RULES ARE CUMULATIVE AND 129 00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:37,160 ITERATIVE OVER TIME. 130 00:04:37,160 --> 00:04:39,240 PERVASIVE, BUT I WANT TO 131 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:45,880 EMPHASIZE THAT DOESN'T MEAN 132 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:48,720 MONOLITHTIC, BECAUSE OF THE WAY 133 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:50,000 GENDER IS CROSS-CUT AS WE'VE 134 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:52,400 BEEN TALKING ABOUT ALL DAY, 135 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:58,360 RACE, CLASS, IMMIGRATION STATUS, 136 00:04:58,360 --> 00:04:59,200 SEXUALITY, PHYSICAL ABILITY, SO 137 00:04:59,200 --> 00:04:59,520 ON. 138 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:03,920 THERE ARE OTHER FORMS OF 139 00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:14,320 VARIATION AND VARIABLE 140 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:21,240 VARIGATION, SIMPLY ABOUT POCKETS 141 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:26,360 OF VARIATION, THERE'S A HUMAN 142 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,360 AMOUNT OF VARIEGATION IN THE 143 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:31,880 WAYS GENDER OPERATES TO PRODUCE 144 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:33,600 LARGE PATTERN EFFECTS, AND THAT 145 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:37,880 I THINK IT'S USEFUL TO REMEMBER 146 00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:38,320 THAT. 147 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:39,840 AS A SOCIAL STRUCTURE, KRIEGER 148 00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:41,520 POINTED OUT GENDER IS A PRODUCT 149 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:42,400 OF HISTORY. 150 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:44,040 THAT'S WHAT MAKES THIS PANEL 151 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:44,280 POSSIBLE. 152 00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:46,960 IT OPENS IT UP TO OUR 153 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:47,440 INTERVENTIONS. 154 00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:49,840 BUT OF COURSE BECAUSE GENDER IS 155 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:52,560 CROSS-CUT BY VIRTUALLY ALL OTHER 156 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:53,880 SOCIAL HIERARCHIES AND 157 00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:55,200 STRUCTURES, UNDERSTANDING THE 158 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:58,040 POTENTIAL POINTS OF INTERVENTION 159 00:05:58,040 --> 00:05:59,680 IN GENDER-RELATED INEQUITIES 160 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:02,200 WILL REQUIRE LOOKING AT THE 161 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:03,560 SPECIFIC GENDERED POSITIONS 162 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:04,960 WITHIN ANY TARGET DOMAIN. 163 00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:09,200 SO, THIS IS A FIELD WHERE 164 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:10,080 EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATIONS ARE 165 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:11,400 ESPECIALLY CRUCIAL. 166 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:13,960 GENERAL PRINCIPLES WILL NOT BE 167 00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:15,800 ADEQUATE TO PREDICT EFFECTS 168 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:17,640 ACROSS MOST DOMAINS, BECAUSE THE 169 00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:20,600 WAY THAT SYSTEMS OF POWER AND 170 00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:22,080 HIERARCHY INTERACT IS OFTEN 171 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:23,000 DOMAIN SPECIFIC. 172 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:24,520 I THINK THAT I'LL JUST THROW 173 00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:26,200 THAT OUT THERE, I THINK THE 174 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:27,280 PARTICULAR CASES THAT WE'RE 175 00:06:27,280 --> 00:06:29,440 GOING TO HEAR ABOUT WILL GIVE US 176 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:30,520 CONCRETE WAYS TO TALK ABOUT 177 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:33,400 THAT, IF PEOPLE WOULD LIKE TO 178 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:34,960 TAKE UP THAT CLAIM. 179 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:36,920 AND I'M LOOKING AT TIME. 180 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:42,040 I WANT TO SAY ONE LAST THING. 181 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:43,600 BECAUSE OF TIME I'M GOING TO 182 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:46,240 ASSERT IT AND WE CAN TALK ABOUT 183 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:47,120 IT LATER. 184 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:49,000 THERE'S A LOT OF WONDERFUL 185 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:51,200 RECENT WORK THAT DEMONSTRATES 186 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:56,560 THE WAY THAT ATTEMPTS AT RACE 187 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:58,720 BLIND INTERVENTIONS IN FACT, OR 188 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:09,160 RACE NEUTRAL INTERVENTION 189 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:09,920 EXACERBATED OUTCOME. 190 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:10,960 TAYLOR'S WORK ON HOUSING 191 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:14,400 FINANCING IS A REALLY GREAT 192 00:07:14,400 --> 00:07:16,240 EXAMPLE OF THAT. 193 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:18,120 HELENA HANSON'S WORK ON THE 194 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:19,440 OPIOID EPIDEMIC IS ANOTHER 195 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:20,360 EXCELLENT EXAMPLE. 196 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:23,160 THERE ARE MANY MORE. 197 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:26,560 BUT I THINK THAT THIS GENERAL 198 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:28,920 DYNAMIC ABOUT HOW WHEN YOU TRY 199 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:31,480 TO INTERVENE IN A HIERARCHICAL 200 00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:35,160 SYSTEM IN A WAY WHERE YOUR 201 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:37,360 INTERVENTION DOES NOT EXPLICITLY 202 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:38,680 TARGET THE GROUNDS OF THE 203 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:40,440 HIERARCHY THAT YOU'RE ACTUALLY 204 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:41,560 GOING TO EXACERBATE THE 205 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:44,760 INEQUALITIES AT THE END. 206 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:47,320 IN OTHER WORDS, THESE RACE BLIND 207 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:48,600 OR RACE NEUTRAL INTERVENTIONS 208 00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:49,600 EXACERBATE RACISM. 209 00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:51,680 I BELIEVE WE SEE AND CAN EXPECT 210 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:54,000 THE SAME FOR GENDER BLIND 211 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,520 INTERVENTIONS AND SEXISM. 212 00:07:57,520 --> 00:07:59,920 SO, WITH THAT, LET ME JUST SAY A 213 00:07:59,920 --> 00:08:03,360 FEW -- WHAT I'LL DO IS IDENTIFY 214 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:04,640 EACH PANELIST, ONE AT A TIME, 215 00:08:04,640 --> 00:08:05,840 JUST BEFORE THEY SPEAK. 216 00:08:05,840 --> 00:08:11,520 WE'RE GOING TO START WITH GOLEEN 217 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:12,360 SAMARI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF 218 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:14,840 POPULATION AND FAMILY HEALTH AT 219 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:15,760 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY MAILMAN 220 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:17,520 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, ALSO A 221 00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:18,960 FACULTY AFFILIATE OF THE 222 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:21,160 COLUMBIA PROGRAM ON FORCED 223 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:22,800 MIGRATION AND HEALTH, COLUMBIA 224 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:25,320 PROM ON GLOBAL HEALTH, JUSTICE 225 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:26,520 AND GOVERNANCE, AND COLUMBIA 226 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:29,360 POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER. 227 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:35,480 HER RESEARCH CONSIDERS HOW 228 00:08:35,480 --> 00:08:37,440 RACISM, GENDER AND MIGRATION 229 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:40,520 BASIN EQUITIES SHAPE 230 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:41,800 REPRODUCTIVE AND POPULATION WITH 231 00:08:41,800 --> 00:08:43,760 FOCUS ON MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH 232 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:44,680 AFRICA. 233 00:08:44,680 --> 00:08:46,520 AS WITH EVERYONE ELSE HER FULL 234 00:08:46,520 --> 00:08:49,920 BIO IS ON THE CONFERENCE PAGE. 235 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:53,160 DR. SAMARI, I WELCOME YOU TO THE 236 00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:55,400 SESSION. 237 00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:56,600 >>THANK YOU, DR. JORDAN-YOUNG, 238 00:08:56,600 --> 00:08:59,360 FOR THAT INTRODUCTION AND FOR 239 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:01,200 SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE 240 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:01,440 SESSION. 241 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:04,400 SO TODAY I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT 242 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:09,080 A BODY OF WORK AROUND STRUCTURAL 243 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:11,040 XENOPHOBIA AND IMMIGRATION, 244 00:09:11,040 --> 00:09:11,920 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL 245 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:12,800 AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 246 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:14,240 IT'S IMPORTANT TO NAME THAT THIS 247 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:16,840 TALK IS GOING TO PRIMARILY FOCUS 248 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:20,000 ON THE EXPERIENCES OF CISGENDER 249 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:22,000 FEMALE IMMIGRANTS. 250 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:23,840 IMMIGRANTS ACCOUNT FOR 14% OF 251 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:26,640 THE FEMALE POPULATION. 252 00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:28,880 AND IN 2019, 52% OF ALL U.S. 253 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:31,400 IMMIGRANTS WERE FEMALE, WHICH IS 254 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:32,800 A SMALL MAJORITY. 255 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:34,680 NEARLY HALF OF ALL FEMALE U.S. 256 00:09:34,680 --> 00:09:37,080 IMMIGRANTS ARE OF REPRODUCTIVE 257 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:41,400 AGE, IMMIGRANTS ACCOUNT FOR 23% 258 00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:42,880 OF ALL BIRTHS, 6.4 MILLION 259 00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:44,080 NON-CITIZEN IMMIGRANT WOMEN OF 260 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:48,920 REPRODUCTIVE AGE ARE NOT 261 00:09:48,920 --> 00:09:51,440 INSURED. 262 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:56,680 SO, IN 2020, SHEILA AND MYSELF 263 00:09:56,680 --> 00:09:59,200 PUBLISHED A PIECE TO DRAW 264 00:09:59,200 --> 00:10:01,720 ATTENTION TO HOW COVID-19 265 00:10:01,720 --> 00:10:03,800 COMPOUNDS EXISTING STRUCTURAL 266 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:05,320 INEQUITIES FOR IMMIGRANTS WITH 267 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:06,440 IMPLICATIONS FOR SEXUAL AND 268 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:07,640 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 269 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,840 IMMIGRANT WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE 270 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:12,040 AGE REALLY FACE SIGNIFICANT 271 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:12,920 CHALLENGES OBTAINING 272 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:13,480 COMPREHENSIVE SEXUAL AND 273 00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:15,440 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE AS 274 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:17,080 COMPARED TO U.S. BORN WOMEN 275 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:19,800 BECAUSE OF POLICY AND STRUCTURAL 276 00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:20,280 FACTORS. 277 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:23,200 WE FOCUSED ON HOW SOCIETY 278 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:24,520 CODIFIES STRUCTURAL 279 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:26,040 DISADVANTAGES FOR RACIALIZED 280 00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:27,560 IMMIGRANTS INTO GOVERNMENTAL AND 281 00:10:27,560 --> 00:10:29,280 INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AND HOW 282 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:31,880 THAT AFFECTS SEXUAL AND 283 00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:32,600 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 284 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:36,000 SO THIS IS A SMALL SAMPLE OF THE 285 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,640 SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL 286 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:39,200 DETERMINANTS. 287 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:40,760 IMMIGRANTS FACE SOCIAL, 288 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:42,120 ECONOMIC, POLITICAL BARRIERS TO 289 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:42,960 OBTAINING SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE 290 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:44,680 HEALTH CARE. 291 00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:46,360 THEY WERE EXCLUDED FROM COVID 292 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:49,440 RELIEF EFFORTS ON TOP OF THESE 293 00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:50,000 THINGS. 294 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:51,920 THESE ARE SOME STRUCTURAL AND 295 00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:55,240 SOCIAL BARRIERS, EMPLOYMENT, 296 00:10:55,240 --> 00:10:58,840 PLACE OF RESIDENCE, RACISM, 297 00:10:58,840 --> 00:10:59,520 XENOPHOBIA, IMMIGRATION POLICY, 298 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:08,680 EXCLUSION FROM PUBLIC HEALTH 299 00:11:08,680 --> 00:11:10,760 PROBLEMS, ERODING ACCESS TO SRH 300 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:12,040 AND SRH POLICY. 301 00:11:12,040 --> 00:11:13,920 RESPONDING TO A CALL TO FURTHER 302 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:15,800 THE RESEARCH AGENDA ON IMPACT OF 303 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,640 STATE LEVEL IMMIGRATION POLICIES 304 00:11:17,640 --> 00:11:20,160 AND SOCIAL POLICIES, SEVERAL 305 00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:20,880 STUDIES HAVE AGGREGATED 306 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:22,880 IMMIGRATION POLICY AT THE STATE 307 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:24,800 LEVEL TO CAPTURE EXCLUSIONARY 308 00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:25,720 CONTEXT FOR IMMIGRANTS. 309 00:11:25,720 --> 00:11:27,280 EXPANDING ON THIS WORK AND 310 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:29,120 REALLY CALLING FOR BETTER 311 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,960 MEASURES OF STRUCTURAL RACISM 312 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:32,960 AND XENOPHOBIA, IMMIGRATION 313 00:11:32,960 --> 00:11:34,600 POLICY INDEX WHICH I'LL DETAIL 314 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:38,120 IN THE NEXT FEW SLIDES PROVIDE A 315 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:40,880 THEORETICAL AND POLICY-INFORMED 316 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:41,840 MEASURE OF STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA 317 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:43,240 FOR USE IN POPULATION HEALTH 318 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:43,600 RESEARCH. 319 00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:44,600 I'M GOING TO DESCRIBE THE 320 00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:46,560 MEASURE AND HOW IT WAS CREATED 321 00:11:46,560 --> 00:11:52,280 AND LINK IT BACK TO SEXUAL, 322 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:55,440 REPRODUCTIVE, AND MATERNAL 323 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:55,880 HEALTH. 324 00:11:55,880 --> 00:12:01,800 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA IS 325 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:02,880 SYSTEMIC RACISM AND REQUIRES 326 00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:05,000 GOING BEYOND INDIVIDUAL MEASURES 327 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:06,360 OF ANTI-IMMIGRANT SENTIMENT AND 328 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:13,320 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC AND 329 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:14,920 DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS LIKE 330 00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:15,200 NATIVITY. 331 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:17,200 IT'S ROOTED IN A FEAR AND HATRED 332 00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:21,720 OF IMMIGRANTS AS WELL AS 333 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:22,880 RACIALIZATION OF IMMIGRANT 334 00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:23,560 EXPERIENCE. 335 00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:25,720 THINKING ABOUT MEASURING 336 00:12:25,720 --> 00:12:26,920 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA IT'S 337 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:28,680 IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT WHAT IS 338 00:12:28,680 --> 00:12:30,480 THE AERIAL UNIT OR WHAT 339 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:32,960 GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF THE 340 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:34,960 STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT ARE OF 341 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:35,560 PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE. 342 00:12:35,560 --> 00:12:39,200 THIS IS AN AREA OF AN UNSETTLED 343 00:12:39,200 --> 00:12:42,560 DEBATE AMONG SCHOLARS. 344 00:12:42,560 --> 00:12:44,000 MEASURING STRUCTURAL PHENOMENON 345 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:45,880 AT DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC SCALES, 346 00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:48,400 THAT IS CENSUS TRACTS OR 347 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:49,920 COUNTIES OR STATES, CAUSES 348 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:51,800 SOMETHING CALLED THE MODIFIABLE 349 00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:54,720 AREA UNIT PROBLEM, WHICH CAN 350 00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:57,120 LEAD TO INCONSISTENT FINDINGS 351 00:12:57,120 --> 00:12:57,920 CONCERNING HEALTH. 352 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:00,440 YOU HAVE TO BE THEORETICALLY 353 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:02,600 INFORMED, AND IN THIS CASE 354 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:03,600 IMMIGRATION STATUS IS DETERMINED 355 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:05,360 AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL BUT STATE 356 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:08,960 LEVEL POLICIES SERVE AS 357 00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:10,520 SYMBOLIC MARKERS WHO IS ALLOWED 358 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:12,040 TO INHABIT A CERTAIN SPACE AND 359 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:16,120 GIVE AN ACCESS TO A WIDE VARIETY 360 00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:16,520 OF SERVICES. 361 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:18,920 MUCH OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH 362 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:20,320 RESEARCH FOCUSES ON INDIVIDUAL 363 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:20,920 LEVEL FACTORS. 364 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:23,320 WE ALSO NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE 365 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:26,000 BROADER CLIMATE AND THE STATE 366 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:36,080 LEVEL CLIMATE FOR IMMIGRATION 367 00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:37,640 HAS SUBSTANTIAL IMPLICATIONS. 368 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:39,600 MOTIVATION FOR THE CLIMATE 369 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:43,640 POLICY INDEX WAS REALLY TO BE 370 00:13:43,640 --> 00:13:45,720 INCLUSIVE TO ALL IMMIGRANT 371 00:13:45,720 --> 00:13:49,000 GROUPS FOCUSING ON GROUPS 372 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:49,960 IMMIGRANTS AND INDEX IS 373 00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:52,680 APPLICABLE TO ALL. 374 00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:58,840 IT'S LONGITUDINAL, COVERS 2009 375 00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:02,600 TO 2019. 376 00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:04,240 THEORETICALLY BASED IN RESEARCH, 377 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:10,360 SIMPLE IN APPLICATION, POLICIES 378 00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:12,080 AREN'T WEIGHTED A CERTAIN WAY 379 00:14:12,080 --> 00:14:16,680 SCALED THAT MAKES THEM DIFFICULT 380 00:14:16,680 --> 00:14:17,560 TO APPLY. 381 00:14:17,560 --> 00:14:23,360 THIS IS A MEASURE OF OF THE 382 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:24,040 XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM 383 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:26,200 EXPERIENCE, WHICH POLICIES ARE 384 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:29,280 IMPORTANT, INCLUDING THOSE THAT 385 00:14:29,280 --> 00:14:30,440 HAVE A DIFFERENTIAL INFORMATION 386 00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:32,000 ON LEGAL STATUS. 387 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:33,680 WE INCLUDED POLICIES BASED ON 388 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:36,440 CONTENT AND NOT NECESSARILY THE 389 00:14:36,440 --> 00:14:38,480 METHOD ENACTED. 390 00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:41,480 POTENTIAL METHODS COULD INCLUDE 391 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:44,160 LAW, REGULATION, COURT DECISION. 392 00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:44,920 THIS ACTUALLY ENABLED 393 00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:46,560 AGGREGATION ACROSS STATES THAT 394 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:48,440 ENACT POLICIES IN VERY DIFFERENT 395 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:51,720 WAYS. 396 00:14:51,720 --> 00:14:55,960 THE POLICY TOPICS INYOU INCLUDED 397 00:14:55,960 --> 00:14:58,200 PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE, 398 00:14:58,200 --> 00:14:58,600 EDUCATION, LABOR, 399 00:14:58,600 --> 00:14:59,600 IDENTIFICATION, ENFORCEMENT. 400 00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:01,960 WE DID A FACTOR ANALYSIS, 14 401 00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:04,080 POLICIES ACROSS THE DOMAINS. 402 00:15:04,080 --> 00:15:05,480 FIVE-FACTOR MODEL IS SUPPORTED 403 00:15:05,480 --> 00:15:09,320 ALIGNING WITH THESE POLICY 404 00:15:09,320 --> 00:15:09,680 TOPICS. 405 00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:11,760 SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE SOURCES 406 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:14,840 THAT WERE USED ACROSS THE 407 00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:15,080 DOMAIN. 408 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:18,440 WE CODED 714 U.S. STATE POLICIES 409 00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:21,520 RELATED TO STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA 410 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,240 ACROSS 50 THE CITIES AND 411 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:33,760 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FROM 2009 412 00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:34,760 TO 2019. 413 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:36,800 GENERALLY A POLICY WAS CODED AS 414 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:38,560 INCLUSIONARY WHEN A STATE TOOK 415 00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:40,760 ACTION TO EXTEND THE BENEFIT 416 00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:41,800 THAT WAS NON-ACCESSIBLE TO 417 00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:43,600 NON-CITIZENS AS PART OF A 418 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:44,360 FEDERAL PROGRAM. 419 00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:47,440 OR WHEN A STATE LIMITED 420 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:52,560 PARTICIPATION WITH A MANDATORY 421 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:54,120 EXCLUSIVE FEDERAL POLICY, YOU 422 00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:56,400 CAN SEE CODING BREAKDOWN ON THE 423 00:15:56,400 --> 00:15:58,120 SLIDE, DESIGNED INTENTIONALLY TO 424 00:15:58,120 --> 00:16:00,360 INCLUDE EXCLUSIONARY DOMAIN AND 425 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,400 AN INCLUSIONARY DOMAIN, IN ORDER 426 00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:04,040 TO ENABLE RESEARCHERS WHO ARE 427 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:06,000 ASKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF 428 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:07,280 QUESTIONS TO LEVERAGE THE USE OF 429 00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:09,760 THIS TYPE OF MEASURE. 430 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:11,760 SO SOMETIMES IT'S MORE PERTINENT 431 00:16:11,760 --> 00:16:16,840 TO KNOW IF A MOVEMENT TOWARDS 432 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:18,840 INCLUSION HAS BENEFITS, AND FOR 433 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:20,600 OTHER RESEARCH QUESTIONS TO KNOW 434 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:23,880 IF EXCLUSIONARY AND RACIST AND 435 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:24,880 DISCRIMINATORY ENVIRONMENTS HAVE 436 00:16:24,880 --> 00:16:26,400 NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH. 437 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:31,200 SO WHAT WERE THE RESULTS WHEN WE 438 00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:33,400 DID THIS CODING? 439 00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:34,600 GENERALLY TWO-THIRDS ADOPTED AT 440 00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:37,640 THE STATE LEVEL ARE EXCLUSIONARY 441 00:16:37,640 --> 00:16:40,280 TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS. 442 00:16:40,280 --> 00:16:44,320 FROM 2009 TO 2019, 33 STATES HAD 443 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:54,280 ON AVERAGE EXCLUSIVE POLICIES. 444 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:55,160 RACIAL INCLUSIVE AND EXCLUSIVE 445 00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:56,880 NARROWS OVER TIME. 446 00:16:56,880 --> 00:17:01,840 IN 2009 IT WAS 32% INCLUSIVE, 447 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:03,560 68% EXCLUSIVE. 448 00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:07,400 IN 2019, 39 PER CENT INCLUSIVE, 449 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:09,360 61% EXCLUSIVE. 450 00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:11,240 GENERALLY SPEAKING EXCLUSIVE 451 00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:15,800 STATES BECAME MORE EXCLUSIVE, 452 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:17,680 MORE DISCRIMINATORY, OTHERS WERE 453 00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:18,800 MORE INCLUSIVE, GIVING A 454 00:17:18,800 --> 00:17:21,000 SNAPSHOT OF THE STATES IN 2019. 455 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,400 SO, EIGHT STATES HAD NO POLICIES 456 00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:27,520 IN PLACE THAT ARE CONSIDERED 457 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:27,800 INCLUSIVE. 458 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:29,240 FOUR MOST INCLUSIVE STATES ARE 459 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:33,280 CALIFORNIA, OREGON, WASHINGTON, 460 00:17:33,280 --> 00:17:34,880 NEW YORK. 461 00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:37,040 THEY HAD 7 TO 10 INCLUSIVE 462 00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:38,560 POLICIES IN PLACE, BETWEEN ZERO 463 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:41,440 AND 1 EXCLUSIVE POLICIES IN 464 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:42,080 PLACE. 465 00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:44,960 FOUR MOST EXCLUSIVE STATES, 466 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:46,680 ALABAMA, GEORGIA, INDIANA, 467 00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:49,280 IDAHO, HAD 8 TO 10 EXCLUSIVE 468 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:52,920 POLICIES IN PLACE WITH ZERO 469 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:53,560 INCLUSIVE POLICIES. 470 00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:56,880 THIS SHOWS A MAP OF THE U.S. FOR 471 00:17:56,880 --> 00:17:58,360 THE SAME RESULTS IN 2019. 472 00:17:58,360 --> 00:17:59,800 THESE ARE CODED BASED ON 473 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:01,560 CONCEPTUAL IDEA WHAT IT MEANS TO 474 00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:04,080 HAVE AN INCLUSIVE OR EXCLUSIVE 475 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:08,320 CLIMATE, THAT IS ANYBODY WITH 476 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:12,280 FOUR OR MORE INCLUSIVE POLICIES 477 00:18:12,280 --> 00:18:16,280 IN BLUE, LESS IN DARK GRAY, AND 478 00:18:16,280 --> 00:18:18,320 GRAY SHADE IS NEITHER. 479 00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:20,280 SOME STATES WERE REALLY VERY 480 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:22,000 INCLUSIVE, IN 2019, SO 481 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:23,000 CALIFORNIA AND OREGON SCORED 482 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:24,360 MORE THAN 10. 483 00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:25,480 MANY MORE STATES ARE EXCLUSIVE 484 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:29,480 AS YOU CAN SEE ON THIS MAP. 485 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:33,040 THE COAST ALSO HAD THE MOST BLUE 486 00:18:33,040 --> 00:18:34,120 OR INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT. 487 00:18:34,120 --> 00:18:38,080 THIS GOES TO SHOW THAT THE 488 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:42,920 CONTINUOUS IMMIGRATION POLICY 489 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:45,520 CLIMATE INDEX, IPC INDEX, 490 00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:46,720 INCLUDES ANALYZE INFORMATION 491 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:50,040 ACROSS FIVE DOMAINS THAT ARE 492 00:18:50,040 --> 00:18:50,600 ROOTED IN YOUR SOCIAL 493 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:53,360 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH FOR ALL 494 00:18:53,360 --> 00:18:56,840 50 STATES AND D.C. OVER TIME, 495 00:18:56,840 --> 00:19:01,840 2019 TO 2019. 496 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:04,440 IT CAN EXPAND TO RIGOROUSLY 497 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:09,040 EVALUATE THE MULTI-LEVEL AND 498 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:10,360 LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF 499 00:19:10,360 --> 00:19:10,880 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA ON 500 00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:12,440 IMMIGRANT LIVES AND HEALTH. 501 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:15,520 WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE FOR 502 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:17,120 IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND PRENATAL 503 00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:19,240 CARE AND BIRTH OUTCOMES? 504 00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:21,760 MANY ASPECTS OF SEXUAL 505 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:22,720 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 506 00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:24,720 THIS SHOWS WHEN WE ASSIGN STATE 507 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:27,200 IMMIGRATION POLICY CLIMATE TO 508 00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:28,080 PREGNANT INDIVIDUALS WITH 509 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,320 SINGLETON BIRTHS ON BASIS OF THE 510 00:19:30,320 --> 00:19:32,120 POLICY CLIMATE IN STATE OF 511 00:19:32,120 --> 00:19:33,320 RESIDENCE, SIX MONTHS PRIOR TO 512 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:37,720 THE START OF THE PREGNANCY. 513 00:19:37,720 --> 00:19:41,480 YOU CAN OBSERVE DIFFERENCES, SO 514 00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:43,080 THE BLUE LINE, GREENISH BLUE 515 00:19:43,080 --> 00:19:46,600 LINE FOR U.S. BORN LATINX 516 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:48,360 COMMUNITIES ACTUALLY LIVE IN 517 00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:49,880 MORE INCLUSIVE CLIMATES WHERE 518 00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,320 THE Y-AXIS IS SHOWING POSITIVE. 519 00:19:52,320 --> 00:20:00,480 AND THE ORANGISH LINE IS MORE 520 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:00,880 EXCLUSIVE. 521 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:02,680 SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE ARE 522 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:04,640 MORE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE 523 00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:06,400 U.S. BORN LATINX VERSUS U.S. 524 00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:08,520 BORN WHITE VERSUS THOSE FOREIGN 525 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:12,000 BORN IN COLUMN ON THE RIGHT-HAND 526 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:12,200 SIDE. 527 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:14,280 THIS COULD BE, YOU KNOW, 528 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:16,360 INDIVIDUALS HAVE SOME AGENCY 529 00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:16,920 WHEN GIVEN STRUCTURAL 530 00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:19,000 CONSTRAINTS SO THEY COULD BE 531 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:23,280 CHOOSING TO LIVE IN AREAS THAT 532 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,000 ARE MORE INCLUSIONARY OR NEUTRAL 533 00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:27,320 IN TERMS OF IMMIGRATION POLICY. 534 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:31,560 LET ME PRESENT SOME OF THE 535 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:31,840 FINDINGS. 536 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:34,240 THIS SHOWS -- THIS IS MODELING 537 00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:36,720 PRENATAL CARE AS OUTCOME. 538 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:38,240 FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT OVERALL, 539 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:39,880 LIVING IN AN EXCLUSIONARY STATE 540 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:42,400 YOU'RE LESS LIKELY TO HAVE 541 00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:43,400 INADEQUATE CARE THAN 542 00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:44,400 INCLUSIONARY STATE. 543 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:47,480 HOWEVER WHEN YOU START EXPLORING 544 00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:50,720 THE DIFFERENCES BY U.S. BORN 545 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:54,480 LATINX VERSUS FOREIGN BORN 546 00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:58,880 LATINX RISK OF INADEQUATE CARE 547 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:07,960 IS HIGHER FOR EXCLUSIONARY SAFE. 548 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:10,360 IT MATTERS FOR THE FOREIGN BORN 549 00:21:10,360 --> 00:21:14,480 INDIVIDUAL AS OPPOSED TO THE 550 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:16,240 U.S. BORN INDIVIDUAL. 551 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:18,160 WE CONDUCTED SIMILAR ANALYSIS 552 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:20,280 BUT CHANGED EXPOSURE TO THE 553 00:21:20,280 --> 00:21:23,120 DOMAIN OF HEALTH POLICY, 554 00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:25,880 SPECIFICALLY, SO IMMIGRATION 555 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:27,440 POLICY IN HEALTH POLICY, WHICH 556 00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:28,840 CONSISTED OF FOUR POLICIES TO 557 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:29,920 REGULATE HEALTH. 558 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:33,880 THE FINDINGS WERE QUITE SIMILAR. 559 00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:36,280 THIS ANALYSIS IS ONGOING TO LOOK 560 00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:38,160 AT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 561 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:41,640 PRE-TERM BIRTH AND A LOT OF THE 562 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:43,400 RESEARCH IN THIS SPACE SHOWS 563 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:45,680 CLEAR NEGATIVE OUTCOMES BETWEEN 564 00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:47,000 STRUCTURAL RACISM AND PRE-TERM 565 00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:48,840 BIRTH, IMMIGRATION POLICY AND 566 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:51,640 PRE-TERM BIRTH, BUT 567 00:21:51,640 --> 00:21:52,400 INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH WE'RE 568 00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:54,920 SEEING LOOKING OVER TIME FROM 569 00:21:54,920 --> 00:21:57,200 2009 TO 2019 WE'RE SEEING 570 00:21:57,200 --> 00:21:57,440 INVERSE. 571 00:21:57,440 --> 00:21:59,920 AND SO AS WE START TO EXPLORE 572 00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:00,920 THIS RELATIONSHIP, THIS IS 573 00:22:00,920 --> 00:22:02,240 REALLY PRELIMINARY, BUT WE'RE 574 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:04,680 DIGGING DEEPER INTO DIFFERENT 575 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:05,960 MODELING APPROACHES AND 576 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:07,600 POTENTIAL REASONS THAT WE'RE 577 00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:09,960 SEEING THAT BIRTH OUTCOMES ARE 578 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:12,760 ACTUALLY BETTER IN EXCLUSIONARY 579 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:13,120 ENVIRONMENTS. 580 00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:15,960 I WANT TO TAKE A MOMENT TO 581 00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:17,800 ACTUALLY ELEVATE THE VOICES OF 582 00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:20,560 IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND HOW WE'RE 583 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:24,280 DEFINING AND MEASURING 584 00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:26,240 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA AND 585 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:27,320 RACIALIZATION OF MIGRANTS. 586 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:32,360 DOES HOW I PROPOSE TO MEASURE 587 00:22:32,360 --> 00:22:33,480 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA RESONATE 588 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:35,440 WITH IMMIGRANT WOMEN. 589 00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:36,840 I CONDUCTED A STUDY THAT 590 00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:39,280 INVOLVED INTERVIEWS WITH 44 591 00:22:39,280 --> 00:22:40,560 IMMIGRANT WOMEN FROM DIVERSE 592 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:42,120 NATIONAL ORIGINALS, 19 DIRECT 593 00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:43,440 SERVICE PROVIDERS, FOR THE 594 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:44,880 IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY. 595 00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:47,600 AND WHEN IMMIGRANT WOMEN WERE 596 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:50,640 EXPLAINING HOW STRUCTURAL 597 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:52,840 XENOPHOBIA SHAPES THEIR LIVES, 598 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:54,720 FOUR MAJOR THEMES EMERGED 599 00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:57,800 INCLUDING IMMIGRATION POLICY, 600 00:22:57,800 --> 00:22:58,960 IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT, 601 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:01,840 INTERPERSONAL RACISM, AND 602 00:23:01,840 --> 00:23:02,680 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION. 603 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:04,960 SO I'M GOING TO SHOW SOME OF 604 00:23:04,960 --> 00:23:06,520 THEIR QUOTES. 605 00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:08,080 IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC 606 00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:09,920 EXPLOITATION, THERE'S A SAYING 607 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:11,800 THAT WE'RE LIKE ORANGES, WE COME 608 00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:13,120 HERE, THEY SQUEEZE US, SEND THE 609 00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:15,520 PEEL BACK TO OUR COUNTRY TO DIE 610 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:16,520 BECAUSE ALL OUR STRENGTH, YOUTH 611 00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:18,360 AND HEALTH STAYS HERE AND WE 612 00:23:18,360 --> 00:23:19,360 DON'T EVEN HAVE HEALTH 613 00:23:19,360 --> 00:23:19,680 INSURANCE. 614 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:21,560 WE DON'T HAVE A LIVING WAGE. 615 00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:27,120 WE ARE NOT RESPECTED AS PEOPLE. 616 00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:27,960 FOR INTERPERSONAL RACISM, I 617 00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:30,960 DON'T WANT TO GO TO A HOSPITAL 618 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,160 AND HAVE THEM STARE AND ASK ME 619 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:35,480 WHAT'S GOING ON, BEING PREGNANT 620 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:37,000 WITHOUT BEING ABLE TO 621 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:38,480 COMMUNICATE, SOMETIMES I ASK DO 622 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:40,360 YOU SPEAK SPANISH OR IS THERE 623 00:23:40,360 --> 00:23:42,120 SOMEONE WHO DOES, I ASK IN 624 00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:48,360 ENGLISH, THEY SAY HERE IS THIS 625 00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:49,760 STUPID WOMAN COMING TO A 626 00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:53,280 HOSPITAL ANDS SHE CAN'T SPEAK 627 00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:55,480 ENGLISH. 628 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:56,560 WE THINK ABOUT BENEFITS, WHEN 629 00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:58,760 YOU START TO FILL IN INFORMATION 630 00:23:58,760 --> 00:23:59,520 SOMETIMES I DON'T PUT MUCH 631 00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:01,840 BECAUSE THERE MAY BE PEOPLE WHO 632 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:03,240 MAY CALL IMMIGRATION OR 633 00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:04,320 SOMETHING, THERE ARE BAD PEOPLE 634 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:08,680 BECAUSE SOMETIMES THEY DO THINGS 635 00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:09,000 ANONYMOUSLY. 636 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:10,240 SO NO. 637 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:12,480 LASTLY IN THE IMMIGRATION 638 00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:13,640 ENFORCEMENT DOMAIN, I AM NOT 639 00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:16,120 AMERICAN, THEY TOOK ME TO AN 640 00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,040 EXTREME DETENTION FOR 641 00:24:17,040 --> 00:24:18,320 CHILDBIRTH, I WAS PREGNANT AND 642 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:21,760 THERE WERE A LOT OF 643 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:23,480 COMPLICATIONS, I LOST MY BABY, I 644 00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:25,680 WAS VERY AFFECTED AT THAT TIME. 645 00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:27,720 THEY REALLY ELEVATE THESE 646 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:29,160 DIFFERENT THEMES THROUGHOUT 647 00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:31,440 THEIR EXPLANATIONS OF HOW 648 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:33,000 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA HAS 649 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:34,240 IMPACTED THEIR LEVELS. 650 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:36,520 AND WE REALLY FIND THAT 651 00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:38,360 PANDEMIC-RELATED FEARS AS WELL 652 00:24:38,360 --> 00:24:40,800 AS STRUCTURAL INEQUITIES, THOSE 653 00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:43,680 THAT I NAMED, RELATED TO HEALTH 654 00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:45,280 MIGRATION AND GENDER SHAPED 655 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:47,720 SHIFTS IN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND 656 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:51,880 PREFERENCES AMONG PARTICIPANTS. 657 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:53,400 WE FOUND CONTRACEPTIVE USE WAS 658 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:57,760 SHAPED BY HEALTH, SAFETY, RACE 659 00:24:57,760 --> 00:24:59,080 INCH, XENOPHOBIA. 660 00:24:59,080 --> 00:24:59,840 PREGNANCY PREFERENCES WERE 661 00:24:59,840 --> 00:25:01,960 SHAPED BY HEALTH AND SAFETY, AS 662 00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:04,360 WELL AS LEGAL BARRIERS, ECONOMIC 663 00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:05,080 CONSTRAINTS. 664 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:07,560 AND LASTLY I JUST WANT TO 665 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:09,840 HIGHLIGHT THAT WHILE WE'VE 666 00:25:09,840 --> 00:25:12,840 TALKED ABOUT STRUCTURAL 667 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:14,760 XENOPHOBIA AND SPEND THE DAY 668 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:17,040 THINKING ABOUT GENDER AND SEXUAL 669 00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:18,320 MEASURES, STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA 670 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:20,640 HAS DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS BY SEX, 671 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:23,400 RACE, SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND SO 672 00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:25,920 ON, INTERSECTIONALITY AT ITS 673 00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:26,120 CORE. 674 00:25:26,120 --> 00:25:28,000 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA AS A 675 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:29,960 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH INTERPLAYS 676 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:31,160 WITH OTHER STRUCTURAL MEASURES 677 00:25:31,160 --> 00:25:32,920 TO SHAPE HEALTH AND IT'S 678 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,760 IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT THESE 679 00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:39,000 STRUCTURAL MEASURES AS 680 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:39,640 INTERLOCKING OPPRESSIVE SYSTEMS 681 00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:40,440 THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH. 682 00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:44,600 WITH THAT I WOULD LIKE TO 683 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:47,800 ACKNOWLEDGE MY FUNDERS AND MANY 684 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:48,880 COLLABORATORS THAT MAKE THIS 685 00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:49,320 WORK POSSIBLE. 686 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:58,640 THANK YOU AL FOR YOUR TIME 687 00:25:58,640 --> 00:25:59,520 TODAY. 688 00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:00,280 >>THANKS, DR. SAMARI. 689 00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,440 YOU'VE GIVEN US A LOT TO THINK 690 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:05,760 ABOUT AND CHEW ON. 691 00:26:05,760 --> 00:26:07,720 WE'RE GOING TO GO -- I BELIEVE 692 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:10,680 WE OUGHT TO GO THROUGH ALL OF 693 00:26:10,680 --> 00:26:13,320 THE DIFFERENT TALKS AND THEN WE 694 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:15,080 WILL HAVE OUR QUESTIONS AND 695 00:26:15,080 --> 00:26:17,000 DISCUSSION AT THE END. 696 00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:18,560 SO, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT. 697 00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:23,080 NOW I'M GOING TO MOVE TO DR. 698 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:25,480 DEREK GRIFFITH, THE FOUNDER AND 699 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:27,320 CO-DIRECTOR OF THE RACIAL 700 00:26:27,320 --> 00:26:28,720 JUSTICE INSTITUTE, FOUNDER AND 701 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:30,720 DIRECTOR OF CENTER FOR MEN'S 702 00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:33,520 HEALTH EQUITY, MEMBER OF THE 703 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:34,640 LOMBARDI COMPREHENSIVE CANCER 704 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:36,760 CENTER, TENURED PROFESSOR OF 705 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:39,360 HEALTH SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION 706 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:40,800 AND ONCOLOGY AT GEORGETOWN 707 00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:43,840 UNIVERSITY, HAS BEEN A LEADER IN 708 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:45,400 CONCEPTUALIZING RACISM AS A 709 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:47,880 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH UTILIZING 710 00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:49,440 ANTI-RACISM LENS TO MITIGATE AND 711 00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:51,520 UNDO HEALTH EFFECTS OF 712 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:52,880 STRUCTURAL RACISM PROMOTING 713 00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:57,720 BLACK AMERICAN MEN'S HEALTH AND 714 00:26:57,720 --> 00:26:58,840 WELL-BEING AND ADVANCING THE 715 00:26:58,840 --> 00:26:59,280 FIELD. 716 00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:01,800 THE REST OF HIS BIO IS AVAILABLE 717 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:02,040 ONLINE. 718 00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:04,240 I WILL LEAVE IT THERE. 719 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:05,320 WELCOME, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 720 00:27:05,320 --> 00:27:09,560 BEING PART OF THIS PANEL, DR. 721 00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:09,840 GRIFFITH. 722 00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:11,000 >>THANK YOU. 723 00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:12,560 I APPRECIATE THE OPENING REMARKS 724 00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:14,440 AND INTRODUCTION. 725 00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:18,600 LET ME ALSO SAY THANK YOU IN 726 00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:22,200 PARTICULAR TO DOCTORS POPKIN, 727 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:30,960 BARR, TIMKEN FOR INFORMATION AND 728 00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:31,400 SUPPORT. 729 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:33,120 SO, AS I ENTER THIS CONVERSATION 730 00:27:33,120 --> 00:27:35,960 AND JOIN YOU IN THIS 731 00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:38,520 CONVERSATION, LET ME OF COURSE 732 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:40,520 BEGIN BY ACKNOWLEDGING HOW 733 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:43,560 STRUCTURAL RACISM SHAPES THE 734 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:45,640 CONTEXT IN WHICH WE'RE TALKING 735 00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:45,960 ABOUT. 736 00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:48,480 AS WE'VE HEARD, THE ROLE OF 737 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:49,800 STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND 738 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:55,640 INTERSECTION IS REALLY CRITICAL, 739 00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:58,800 LOU WE'RE GOING TO HOPEFULLY 740 00:27:58,800 --> 00:27:59,760 ACHIEVE HEALTH EQUITY. 741 00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:02,080 I'M TRYING TO GET TO THE MORE 742 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,280 PRAGMATIC OF HOW DO WE DEAL WITH 743 00:28:04,280 --> 00:28:05,680 THESE ISSUES, TO RAISE A 744 00:28:05,680 --> 00:28:07,880 PARTICULAR ISSUE AROUND A 745 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:09,560 SPECIFIC POPULATION AND NO 746 00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:12,800 SURPRISE THIS WILL BE 747 00:28:12,800 --> 00:28:20,000 SPECIFICALLY BLACK MEN. 748 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:21,880 SO, OKAY. 749 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:23,840 AGAIN, THIS IS AGAIN THANK YOU 750 00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:25,720 TO DR. JORDAN-YOUNG FOR SETTING 751 00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:29,760 THE STAGE FOR THIS TALK AND THIS 752 00:28:29,760 --> 00:28:30,000 SESSION. 753 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:33,720 I WON'T BELABOR THIS BUT OFTEN 754 00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:36,040 MEN'S AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ARE 755 00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:39,840 TREATED AS COMPETITORS IN A ZERO 756 00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:44,440 SUM CONTEST FOR SCARCE 757 00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:44,720 RESOURCES. 758 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:45,840 WE'RE TRYING TO TREAT IT AS 759 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:47,520 THOUGH IT TAKES AWAY FROM THE 760 00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:47,840 OTHER. 761 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:53,400 WHAT WE CLEARLY SAW FROM EARLIER 762 00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:54,280 PRESENTATIONS THAT THIS SYSTEM 763 00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:57,800 THAT WE HAVE IS NOT SERVING ANY 764 00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:00,600 ANYONE WELL, NOT MEN OR WOMEN OR 765 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:02,080 THOSE IN MINORITIES. 766 00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:04,920 WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND NOT THE 767 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:08,000 SYSTEM IS AFFECTING BUT WHAT WE 768 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:10,320 NEED TO DO UNIQUELY ACROSS -- 769 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:15,400 FOR EACH SPECIFIC GROUP. 770 00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:17,040 PROMOTING EFFORTS, IF WE THINK 771 00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:18,680 ABOUT THE WAY MEN'S AND WOMEN'S 772 00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:22,520 HEALTH CAN BE STRATEGIC ALLIES, 773 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:24,480 THIS IDEA OF GENDER 774 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:26,560 DISAGGREGATION, WAYS TO CREATE 775 00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:28,640 GENDER-SENSITIVE PROGRAMMING AND 776 00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:30,320 POLICY METRICS, RECOGNIZING 777 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:31,600 GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSIONS 778 00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:36,640 EXIST BEYOND THE TRADITIONALLY 779 00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:37,720 OFFAL GENDER BINARY AND 780 00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:40,760 INTERSECTING WITH RACE AND 781 00:29:40,760 --> 00:29:41,880 ETHNICITY, IMMIGRATION, SO 782 00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:45,600 FORTH, ALL THINGS THAT WE CAN 783 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:47,560 SHARE EFFORTS, WAYS WE CAN POINT 784 00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:49,320 TO AGREEMENT TO BUILD FROM IN 785 00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:50,880 TERMS OF THIS EFFORT OF 786 00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:53,920 INCLUDING MEN IN THIS GENDER 787 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:54,280 CONVERSATION. 788 00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:58,960 WE'VE DONE THIS WORK TO A 789 00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:00,480 DEGREE, I'M BEEN FORTUNATE TO 790 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:01,280 COLLABORATE WITH FOLKS. 791 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:03,920 THIS IS THANK YOU TO ROSEMARY 792 00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:05,840 MORGAN AND LEADERS OF THE GENDER 793 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:10,640 AND COVID WORKING GROUP GOING IN 794 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:12,520 020 AND 2021. 795 00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:15,800 AND DR. MORGAN AND OTHERS 796 00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:17,080 ORGANIZED THIS GROUP AND WE 797 00:30:17,080 --> 00:30:21,920 LOOKED AT BASICALLY THE WAYS 798 00:30:21,920 --> 00:30:24,000 COVID WAS AFFECTING THE HEALTH 799 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:24,960 OF SPECIFIC POPULATIONS. 800 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,760 AND WE SAW THAT THERE WAS THIS 801 00:30:27,760 --> 00:30:28,960 COMPETING NARRATIVE, THESE 802 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:30,560 THINGS PLAYING OUT, THAT THE 803 00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:32,000 WAYS THE CONVERSATION AROUND 804 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:34,160 GENDER WERE GOING IN OUR 805 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:36,480 LARGER -- IN THE LARGER COVID 806 00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:38,680 CONTEXT WERE REALLY THIS 807 00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:39,800 COMPETING NARRATIVE AND ZERO SUM 808 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:42,640 GAME UNTIL WE WANTED TO COME 809 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:44,720 TOGETHER AS SCHOLARS IN WOMEN'S 810 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:49,960 HEALTH, MEN'S HEALTH, SEXUAL AND 811 00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:51,400 GENDER MINORITY HEALTH TO THINK 812 00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:53,800 ABOUT RECOMMENDATIONS WE MIGHT 813 00:30:53,800 --> 00:31:00,280 OFFER THAT WOULD SERVE EVERYONE 814 00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:02,160 AND WAYS TO THINK ABOUT THOSE 815 00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:03,480 RECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIES WE 816 00:31:03,480 --> 00:31:06,800 WOULD PROPOSE GOING FORWARD. 817 00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:08,480 WITHOUT GETTING INTO THE WEEDS, 818 00:31:08,480 --> 00:31:11,880 OFFERING THAT AS A WAY WE'VE 819 00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:14,600 THOUGHT ABOUT THESE BROAD 820 00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:15,160 PICTURES. 821 00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:17,120 IN THE GENDER CONVERSATION I'M 822 00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:20,160 GOING TO SPEND MY REMARKS AND MY 823 00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:22,280 TIME AGAIN TALKING SPECIFICALLY 824 00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:23,560 ABOUT BLACK MEN'S HEALTH AS A 825 00:31:23,560 --> 00:31:26,120 WAY TO BRING MEN'S HEALTH INTO 826 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:27,840 THE CONVERSATION AROUND GENDER. 827 00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:28,600 VERY EXPLICITLY. 828 00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:31,440 AND TO GO INTO DEPTH ABOUT WHY 829 00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:34,320 MAKE A CASE FOR WHY MEN'S HEALTH 830 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:36,520 NEEDS TO BE MORE CENTRAL TO THE 831 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:37,480 CONVERSATION, THINKING ABOUT IT 832 00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:40,120 THROUGH MUCH MORE OF AN 833 00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:41,640 INTERSECTIONAL LENS THAN MANY 834 00:31:41,640 --> 00:31:44,360 WAYS THAT OFTEN MEN'S HEALTH IS 835 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:44,720 OFTEN PRESENTED. 836 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,880 I BEGIN WITH THIS QUOTE FROM 837 00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:50,480 PROBABLY VERY FAMILIAR TO MANY 838 00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:53,760 OF YOU, FROM THE PREFACE OF 839 00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:58,160 RALPH ELLISON'S INVISIBLE MAN 840 00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:01,920 THAT SORT OF -- THIS IS WRITTEN 841 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:03,800 70 YEARS AGO, SPEAKING TO 842 00:32:03,800 --> 00:32:05,520 INTENTIONAL INVISIBILITY THAT 843 00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:10,240 COMES WITH IGNORING CERTAIN 844 00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:11,880 POPULATION GROUPS. 845 00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:14,640 THE PIECE THAT CAME UP FOR ME AS 846 00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:16,400 I WAS PREPARING THIS WAS ONE OF 847 00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:17,800 THE THINGS THAT CAME UP IN 848 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:19,120 CONVERSATION WITH ATTENTION THAT 849 00:32:19,120 --> 00:32:23,600 HAPPENED WITH GEORGE FLOYD AND 850 00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:27,320 THOSE FACTORS, AS A STRONG 851 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:30,640 RACIAL NARRATIVE WE DIDN'T SEE 852 00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:32,560 HOW RACE INTERSECTED WITH 853 00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:35,000 GENDER, GEORGE PLOYED WAS BLACK 854 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:36,920 AND A MAN, AFFECTING THE 855 00:32:36,920 --> 00:32:40,240 PRACTICE OF THE POLICE IN THE 856 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:42,000 LARGER CONVERSATION AFTER. 857 00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:46,360 THIS IDEA OF READING BRIEFLY, 858 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:48,400 I'M A MAN OF SUBSTANCE, FLESH 859 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:50,880 AND BONE, FIBER AND LIQUIDS, I 860 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:54,280 MIGHT EVEN BE SAID TO POSSESS A 861 00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:54,600 MIND. 862 00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:56,040 I'M INVISIBLE, UNDERSTAND, 863 00:32:56,040 --> 00:32:58,520 BECAUSE PEOPLE REFUSE TO SEE ME. 864 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:02,600 WHEN THEY APPROACH THEY SEE MY 865 00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:03,320 SURROUNDINGS, THEMSELVES, 866 00:33:03,320 --> 00:33:05,760 EVERYTHING AND ANYTHING EXCEPT 867 00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:05,960 ME. 868 00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:07,480 IT SPEAKS TO THE WHOLENESS OF 869 00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:10,480 HOW WE TEND TO THINK ABOUT BLACK 870 00:33:10,480 --> 00:33:11,920 MEN AND MEN IN GENERAL, I'M 871 00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:16,040 GOING TO CENTER ON BLACK MEN. 872 00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:18,240 STARTING ALSO INTO THIS 873 00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:21,560 CONVERSATION, I WANT TO SPEAK TO 874 00:33:21,560 --> 00:33:23,400 THE NARRATIVE AROUND MEN'S 875 00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:26,680 HEALTH, THE REASON MEN HAVE POOR 876 00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:29,840 HEALTH IN GENERAL IS BECAUSE 877 00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:32,360 WE'RE BASICALLY -- IT'S OUR 878 00:33:32,360 --> 00:33:34,880 BELIEF AND EMBODIMENT OF AND 879 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,160 WILLINGNESS TO BUY INTO 880 00:33:38,160 --> 00:33:48,600 TRADITIONAL GENDER NORMS 881 00:33:52,360 --> 00:33:52,960 HETERONORMATIVE IDEALS, 882 00:33:52,960 --> 00:33:53,920 HEGOMONIC MENTALITY, THAT WOULD 883 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:55,040 SOLVE OUR HEALTH PROBLEMS, 884 00:33:55,040 --> 00:34:01,600 THAT'S ALL WE NEED TO DO, THAT 885 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:03,000 HAS DRIVEN THE WAY WE THINK 886 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:04,440 ABOUT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS IF 887 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:06,280 MEN ARE INVOLVED. 888 00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:07,920 WE HAVE A SYSTEM THAT ADVANTAGED 889 00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:09,480 MALE BODIES WE'VE NOT SEEN MEN 890 00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:14,040 AS GENDERED BODIES IN THAT 891 00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:19,400 SYSTEM SO WE HAVEN'T LOOKED 892 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:22,560 THROUGH A GENDERED LENS, THE 893 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:24,360 GENDER PIECE IS CENTRAL TO THE 894 00:34:24,360 --> 00:34:26,080 CONVERSATION WHY THE OFFICE OF 895 00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:30,560 WOMEN'S HEALTH PUT FORWARD THIS 896 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:37,040 WEBINAR AND SERIES ALSO TO THE 897 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:39,440 LARGER CONVERSATION. 898 00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:40,320 IT'S BEEN THESE NARRATIVES, I'VE 899 00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:42,440 RECEIVED THIS WHEN I WAS OFFERED 900 00:34:42,440 --> 00:34:45,880 SUGGESTIONS OF HOW WE CAN THINK 901 00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:49,320 ABOUT IN MY OWN WORK CANCER 902 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:49,880 PREVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, 903 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:51,600 PARTICULARLY AS RELATED TO 904 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:53,400 EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 905 00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:55,640 THAT WE'RE NOT EQUALLY REACHING 906 00:34:55,640 --> 00:34:59,000 MEN AND WOMEN, THAT OFTEN THE 907 00:34:59,000 --> 00:34:59,920 RESPONSE I GOT FROM COLLEAGUES 908 00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:02,200 WHO DID THIS WORK IN OBESITY AND 909 00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:03,480 RELATED ISSUES WAS THAT 910 00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:05,160 INTERVENTIONS WERE FINE, IT WAS 911 00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:06,600 JUST THAT MEN WERE NOT 912 00:35:06,600 --> 00:35:07,960 PARTICIPATING, IT WAS NOTHING WE 913 00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:10,080 NEEDED TO DO AS A SCHOLARLY 914 00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:13,480 COMMUNITY DO INTERVENE, TO 915 00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:15,880 CHANGE THE WAY WE'RE GENDERING 916 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,080 APPROACHES, INTERVENTIONS AND 917 00:35:18,080 --> 00:35:19,080 COMPONENTS OF THE INTERVENTION, 918 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:22,200 IT WAS JUST THAT WE NEEDED TO 919 00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:24,000 CHANGE MEN. 920 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:27,160 THE IDEA WE HAVE NO ROLE AS A 921 00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:29,360 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY IS ALSO 922 00:35:29,360 --> 00:35:30,000 PROBLEMATIC. 923 00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:31,560 ONE OF THE WAYS I WANT TO ENTER 924 00:35:31,560 --> 00:35:33,560 THAT PART OF THE CONVERSATION IS 925 00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:35,080 TO MOVE INTO, AGAIN, THIS IDEA 926 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:36,600 OF COVID AND HOW WE THOUGHT 927 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:39,640 ABOUT SOME OF THESE ISSUES. 928 00:35:39,640 --> 00:35:42,040 THIS IS COMING FROM THE 929 00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:43,240 PROBLEMATIC ASPECT OF THIS 930 00:35:43,240 --> 00:35:45,320 APPROACH IS THAN IT PAINTS ALL 931 00:35:45,320 --> 00:35:48,720 MEN WITH THE SAME HOMOGENIZING 932 00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:51,280 BROAD BRUSH AND ASSUMES OUR 933 00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,680 ATTITUDES, IDENTITIES, BELIEFS, 934 00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:58,720 BEHAVIORS ARE CONSISTENT WITH 935 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:01,560 THIS HEGOMONI IDEAL, SIMPLY NOT 936 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:02,400 TRUE. 937 00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:05,480 THIS WAS CHARACTERIZING BLACK 938 00:36:05,480 --> 00:36:06,440 MEN WHO DIED DISPROPORTIONATELY 939 00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:07,640 IN THE COVID PANDEMIC, I'LL SHOW 940 00:36:07,640 --> 00:36:10,840 THAT YOU IN JUST A MINUTE, A 941 00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:11,480 REPORTER WHO WORKS FOR THE 942 00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:13,440 "WASHINGTON POST" WROTE THIS 943 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:14,840 BEES THAT WAS CHARACTERIZING 944 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:16,720 WHAT IT MEANT TO LOSE THIS 945 00:36:16,720 --> 00:36:19,280 GENERATION OF YOUNG BLACK MEN IN 946 00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:19,880 THESE COMMUNITIES. 947 00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:22,080 WHAT I WANT TO BRING YOUR 948 00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:23,960 ATTENTION TO IS THESE 949 00:36:23,960 --> 00:36:25,840 CHARACTERISTICS THAT SHE'S 950 00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:31,920 HIGHLIGHTING ARE NOT CONSISTENT 951 00:36:31,920 --> 00:36:32,920 OR EXCLUSIVELY CONSISTENT 952 00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:35,040 THINKING ABOUT GENDER AND IDEALS 953 00:36:35,040 --> 00:36:37,960 AS RELATES TO MEN. 954 00:36:37,960 --> 00:36:38,840 HARD WORKING, AMBITIOUS, 955 00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:39,960 OPTIMISTIC, TRYING TO LIFT 956 00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:41,680 OTHERS WITH THEMSELVES ARE NOT 957 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:45,760 NECESSARILY CONSISTENT WITH THE 958 00:36:45,760 --> 00:36:52,440 WAYS WE CHARACTERIZE HEGOMONIC I 959 00:36:52,440 --> 00:36:52,640 DEALS. 960 00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:54,480 I DO A LOT OF QUALITATIVE WORK, 961 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,320 THIS IS FROM THE WORK WE'VE DONE 962 00:36:57,320 --> 00:37:00,080 OVER THE YEARS, THIS IDEA OF MEN 963 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:01,600 PUTTING -- PART OF THE REASON 964 00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,920 THAT COUNTERS THIS NARRATIVE 965 00:37:04,920 --> 00:37:07,640 THAT IT'S ALL ABOUT MEN'S 966 00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:12,640 ABILITY, DESIRE TO BUY INTO 967 00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:13,960 LARGER HEGOMONIC IDEALS, HOW DO 968 00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:15,280 MEN TALK ABOUT WHAT THEY ARE 969 00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:17,440 ASPIRING TO, WHAT ARE THEIR 970 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:18,360 GOALS AND IDEALS? 971 00:37:18,360 --> 00:37:22,520 THIS IS FROM A MAN TALKING ABOUT 972 00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:24,360 THIS IDEA THAT I'M GOING -- I'M 973 00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:27,680 NOT GOING TO READ BUT HIGHLIGHT 974 00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:30,840 KEY PARTS THAT A MAN WAS TALKING 975 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,560 ABOUT THE MESSAGES, GENDER 976 00:37:32,560 --> 00:37:34,520 SOCIALIZATION FROM HIS FATHER, 977 00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:39,360 AND THIS IDEA OF HIS FAMILY CAME 978 00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:40,240 FEATHER, HEALTH SECOND. 979 00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:41,920 HE DIDN'T FOCUS ON HIS HEALTH. 980 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:43,640 IT WAS NOT A PRIORITY, THAT IT 981 00:37:43,640 --> 00:37:45,760 WAS SOMETHING HE WAS SUPPOSED TO 982 00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:49,000 DO AND INVEST IN THIS RELATIONAL 983 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:50,640 IDEA OF WHAT MASCULINITY AND 984 00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:51,840 HEALTH MEANT THAT THOSE ARE THE 985 00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:54,920 THINGS HE WAS SUPPOSED TO TRY TO 986 00:37:54,920 --> 00:37:57,120 EMBODY AND LIVE OUT AND PART OF 987 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:58,080 HIS IDEALS. 988 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:02,640 THIS IDEA OF BEING A MAN IS 989 00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:03,400 ABOUT CHARACTER. 990 00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:05,200 WHEN YOU ASK MEN ABOUT THESE 991 00:38:05,200 --> 00:38:06,440 IDEALS, THESE ARE THE THINGS 992 00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:08,600 WE'VE HEARD WHEN WE'VE TALKED TO 993 00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:11,880 THEM AND PUBLISHED ON THIS WORK, 994 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:13,400 THAT WHAT DEFINES A MAN, A 995 00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:14,520 PARTICULAR MAN SAID IT'S 996 00:38:14,520 --> 00:38:16,160 CHARACTER, HOW YOU TREAT OTHER 997 00:38:16,160 --> 00:38:18,440 PEOPLE, HOW HE TREATS OTHER 998 00:38:18,440 --> 00:38:19,520 PEOPLE, HIS CHARACTER, HIS 999 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:22,800 IDENTITY, WHO IS AROUND HIM, 1000 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:28,480 WHAT HE GIVES OF HIMSELF, AND 1001 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:33,240 LOVE, NOT THE TYPICAL WORDS YOU 1002 00:38:33,240 --> 00:38:34,440 HEAR WITH HEGOMONIC ACTIVITY, 1003 00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:35,960 HOW MUCH LOVE THESE ABLE TO GIVE 1004 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:38,040 AND INSPIRE SOMEONE IS MORE 1005 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:39,120 CONSISTENT WITH HOW MEN, IF YOU 1006 00:38:39,120 --> 00:38:41,640 ASK WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO DO 1007 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:42,720 AROUND MASCULINITY, THESE ARE 1008 00:38:42,720 --> 00:38:44,160 THE THINGS THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY 1009 00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:45,320 TRYING TO DO. 1010 00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:47,040 SO WE BUILD OUR INTERVENTIONS 1011 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:47,800 FROM THIS STANDPOINT BECAUSE 1012 00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:53,160 THESE ARE THE THINGS MEN ARE 1013 00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:53,920 TELLING US. 1014 00:38:53,920 --> 00:39:00,920 WE'RE TRIAL TO BALANCE 1015 00:39:00,920 --> 00:39:02,320 STRUCTURAL AND INDIVIDUAL 1016 00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:04,440 INTERVENTIONS, IN THE STRUCTURAL 1017 00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:08,680 CONTEXT HOW DO MEN OPERATE AND 1018 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:09,560 PERFORM, LOOKING AT MICRODETAILS 1019 00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:11,040 AND TRY TO MARRY THAT IN THE 1020 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:15,000 WORK WE'RE DOING TO LOOK AT OUR 1021 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:16,120 INTERVENTIONS, HOW DO WE EXPLORE 1022 00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:17,520 HOW MEN THINK ABOUT AND ADDRESS 1023 00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:19,400 THESE ISSUES IN THEIR OWN LIVES, 1024 00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:21,360 CONNECT IT TO THE STRUCTURAL 1025 00:39:21,360 --> 00:39:24,280 CONSTRAINTS AND BARRIERS THEY 1026 00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:25,840 FACE IN THE WORLD. 1027 00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:27,160 SO JUST TO HIGHLIGHT THIS, ONE 1028 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:30,000 OF THE THINGS WE DID TO EXPLAIN 1029 00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:34,480 THE PATTERNS WE SAW OF COVID AND 1030 00:39:34,480 --> 00:39:36,120 BLACK MEN DYING 1031 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:39,320 DISPROPORTIONATELY DURING THE 1032 00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:40,200 COVID-19 PANDEMIC, MEN DIED 1033 00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:41,600 THROUGHOUT THE PANDEMIC FROM THE 1034 00:39:41,600 --> 00:39:43,680 EARLIEST REPORTS IN CHINA AND 1035 00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:45,320 ITALY, THAT WERE PUBLISHED IN 1036 00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:46,640 "THE LANCET" OR THROUGHOUT 1037 00:39:46,640 --> 00:39:48,600 EVERYWHERE ELSE WE SAW FAIRLY, 1038 00:39:48,600 --> 00:39:51,320 FOR THE MOST PART IN THE WORLD, 1039 00:39:51,320 --> 00:39:53,520 MEN WERE DYING AT HIGHER RATES 1040 00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:54,720 THAN WOMEN, PARTICULARLY MEN OF 1041 00:39:54,720 --> 00:39:56,720 COLOR, WHETHER IN THE U.K. AND 1042 00:39:56,720 --> 00:40:04,040 OTHER PLACES THAT MEN OF COLOR 1043 00:40:04,040 --> 00:40:12,800 WERE DYING AT HIGHER RATES. 1044 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:14,880 WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURAL FACTORS 1045 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:16,520 LIKE STRUCTURAL RACISM, HOW 1046 00:40:16,520 --> 00:40:19,360 STRUCTURAL RACISM, THE 1047 00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:22,240 INTERSECTION OF STRUCTURAL 1048 00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:23,000 RACISM, SYNDEMICS AND 1049 00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:23,960 INTERSECTIONALITY REQUIRED US TO 1050 00:40:23,960 --> 00:40:26,600 THINK ABOUT HOW DO WE THINK 1051 00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:28,440 ABOUT AND DESCRIBE STRUCTURAL 1052 00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:35,800 CONTEXT MORE PRECISELY THAN 1053 00:40:35,800 --> 00:40:36,680 STRUCTURAL RACISM? 1054 00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:37,440 TO UNDERSTAND THE UNIQUE 1055 00:40:37,440 --> 00:40:38,760 EXPERIENCE OF BLACK MEN WE 1056 00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:40,920 NEEDED TO THINK ABOUT ANTI-BLACK 1057 00:40:40,920 --> 00:40:45,320 RACISM AND HOW THAT'S GENDERED, 1058 00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:47,520 HOW THAT CONTEXT AND THOSE 1059 00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:49,400 UNIQUE PARTS REALLY DO SHAPE THE 1060 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:51,120 LIVES OF BLACK MEN. 1061 00:40:51,120 --> 00:40:54,720 SO YOU HAVE THIS GROUP THAT HAS 1062 00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:56,480 A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF THESE 1063 00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:58,320 VARIOUS CHRONIC DISEASES THAT 1064 00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:00,000 PUT YOU FUNDAMENTALLY AT RISK 1065 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:01,760 FOR COVID IN ADDITION TO LIVING 1066 00:41:01,760 --> 00:41:03,960 IN COMMUNITIES AND CONTEXTS 1067 00:41:03,960 --> 00:41:05,560 WHERE THERE'S A HIGHER RISK AND 1068 00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:07,960 INFECTION RATE OF COVID AS WELL 1069 00:41:07,960 --> 00:41:10,760 AS FEWER RESOURCES TO MITIGATE 1070 00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:12,800 COVID, MUCH LESS ALSO LESS 1071 00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:13,760 ACCESS TO THE VACCINE, THIS WAS 1072 00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:16,840 EVEN PRIOR TO THE VACCINE, BUT 1073 00:41:16,840 --> 00:41:18,680 EVEN WHEN VACCINE WAS AVAILABLE, 1074 00:41:18,680 --> 00:41:19,880 VACCINE ACCESS CERTAINLY WAS 1075 00:41:19,880 --> 00:41:23,280 SHAPED BY THESE FACTORS LIKE 1076 00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:24,480 RACE, PLACE, GENDER. 1077 00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:29,320 THIS IDEA OF STRUCTURAL 1078 00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:30,520 INTERACTION LOOKING AT STRESS 1079 00:41:30,520 --> 00:41:32,160 RESPONSE, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 1080 00:41:32,160 --> 00:41:33,560 STRUCTURAL RACISM AS ROOT CAUSE, 1081 00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:35,120 HELPED TO EXPLAIN HOW WE THOUGHT 1082 00:41:35,120 --> 00:41:37,640 ABOUT THIS IDEA OF MEN'S 1083 00:41:37,640 --> 00:41:39,280 INCREASED MORTALITY FROM COVID, 1084 00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:41,800 AND MEN'S INCREASED MORTALITY 1085 00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:43,720 DURING THE COVID CONTEXT, 1086 00:41:43,720 --> 00:41:45,760 BECAUSE THERE WERE HIGHER RATES 1087 00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:47,160 OF CHRONIC DISEASE MORTALITY 1088 00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:48,840 FROM HEART DISEASE DURING COVID 1089 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,760 EVEN IF MEN DID NOT DIE OF 1090 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:52,080 COVID. 1091 00:41:52,080 --> 00:41:56,480 SO WHAT WE DID IS APPLIED 1092 00:41:56,480 --> 00:42:01,840 KIMBERLE CRENSHAW'S FRAMEWORK OF 1093 00:42:01,840 --> 00:42:03,040 INTERSECTIONALITY, A WAY 1094 00:42:03,040 --> 00:42:08,160 DESCRIBED IT IN THE 1991 PAPER, 1095 00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:08,680 THREE COMPONENTS OF 1096 00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:11,560 INTERSECTIONALITY, AND, AGAIN, 1097 00:42:11,560 --> 00:42:12,440 RATHER THAN USING 1098 00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:13,560 INTERSECTIONALITY AS A BROAD 1099 00:42:13,560 --> 00:42:15,680 TERM, WE REALLY WANTED TO BE 1100 00:42:15,680 --> 00:42:17,480 MUCH MORE PRECISE AND THINK 1101 00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:18,680 ABOUT SPECIFICALLY HOW DO WE 1102 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:19,960 THINK ABOUT THESE DIFFERENT 1103 00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:22,080 COMPONENTS AND WHAT DO THEY HAVE 1104 00:42:22,080 --> 00:42:24,280 TO DO WITH CONTEXT OF COVID AS 1105 00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:27,040 WELL AS JUST OVERALL MORTALITY. 1106 00:42:27,040 --> 00:42:29,280 SO THE WAY WE APPLIED IT, WE 1107 00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:32,280 USED HER FRAMEWORK OF STRUCTURAL 1108 00:42:32,280 --> 00:42:33,480 AND POLITICAL REPRESENTATION 1109 00:42:33,480 --> 00:42:34,880 INTERSECTIONALITY, AND TALKED 1110 00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:35,520 ABOUT BASICALLY THE 1111 00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:36,720 STRUCTURAL -- THE WAY SHE 1112 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:42,440 DESCRIBED IS WAS THE LARGER 1113 00:42:42,440 --> 00:42:43,440 CHARACTERIZATION, POLITICAL IS 1114 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,400 WHO WAS PRIORITIZED, WHERE THE 1115 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:49,400 POWER WENT, WHO IS RENDERED 1116 00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:50,560 INVISIBLE AND VISIBLE, IN TERMS 1117 00:42:50,560 --> 00:42:52,600 OF POLICY AND PRACTICE AND HOW 1118 00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:54,720 WE DIDN'T THINK ABOUT -- USUALLY 1119 00:42:54,720 --> 00:42:58,560 WHEN WE PRESENT DATA WE HERE, 1120 00:42:58,560 --> 00:43:01,840 MEANING THE NIH, AND CDC, WHEN 1121 00:43:01,840 --> 00:43:04,040 DATA WERE PRESENTED AT A FEDERAL 1122 00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:06,200 LEVEL OR MOST SOURCES WE SAW OF 1123 00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:10,800 COURSE THE TYPICAL, YOU HAVE A 1124 00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:12,000 LINE FOR SEX, SEPARATE LINE FOR 1125 00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:15,760 RACE, YOU DIDN'T SEE THE 1126 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:16,080 INTERSECTION. 1127 00:43:16,080 --> 00:43:17,800 GENDER WAS NOT REPRESENTED IN 1128 00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:19,760 THAT PICTURE AT ALL BUT THE IDEA 1129 00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:21,160 THAT WE PRESENTED THOSE THINGS 1130 00:43:21,160 --> 00:43:27,600 IN THOSE WAYS LED TO THE 1131 00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:29,640 INVISIBILITY, INTERSECTIONALITY 1132 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:30,680 TO ADDRESS. 1133 00:43:30,680 --> 00:43:31,320 REPRESENTATION, WE'RE SPEAKING 1134 00:43:31,320 --> 00:43:36,760 TO THE WAITS IMAGES OF BLACK 1135 00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:38,920 MEN WERE REPRODUCED, HOW THAT 1136 00:43:38,920 --> 00:43:41,800 HELPED TO MARGINALIZE BLACK MEN 1137 00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:43,200 IN THIS PICTURE. 1138 00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:45,160 JUST TO HIGHLIGHT ONE OF THE 1139 00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:46,360 MORE COMPLEX THINGS ABOUT 1140 00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:49,240 APPLYING THIS IDEA OF 1141 00:43:49,240 --> 00:43:51,520 INTERSECTIONALITY TO MEN AND 1142 00:43:51,520 --> 00:43:54,160 MEN'S HEALTH IS CLEARLY MEN ARE 1143 00:43:54,160 --> 00:43:55,600 NOT UNIVERSALLY ADVANTAGED, THE 1144 00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:58,000 IDEA OF HOW TO THINK ABOUT 1145 00:43:58,000 --> 00:43:58,720 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES MEN HAVE 1146 00:43:58,720 --> 00:44:02,240 AS A RESULT OF NOT FACING SEXISM 1147 00:44:02,240 --> 00:44:05,640 AND BENEFITING FROM A SYSTEM 1148 00:44:05,640 --> 00:44:06,480 THAT DIFFERENTIALLY BENEFITS MEN 1149 00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:08,480 IS IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT HOW 1150 00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:10,320 IN THOSE CONTEXTS THAT ALSO 1151 00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:13,080 INTERSECTS WITH THINGS LIKE 1152 00:44:13,080 --> 00:44:13,400 RACE. 1153 00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:17,680 AND SO A CONCEPT THAT CAME FROM 1154 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:20,840 THE WORK OF AN INTERVIEW, MEN 1155 00:44:20,840 --> 00:44:23,160 AND WOMEN BUT THEN HER BOOK WAS 1156 00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:25,680 JUST ABOUT BLACK MEN IN THIS 1157 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:26,920 CONTEXT WHO WERE SUCCESS IN 1158 00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:29,400 PARTICULAR FIELDS AND THEIR 1159 00:44:29,400 --> 00:44:31,800 PARTICULAR CHOSEN FIELDS, AND 1160 00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:33,680 SUCCESSFUL IN THIS CONTEXT MEANT 1161 00:44:33,680 --> 00:44:35,440 LEADERS IN, SAY, CORRESPONDENT 1162 00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:36,960 AMERICA, HIGHER LEVEL BUSINESS 1163 00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:37,680 ADMINISTRATION, WHITE COLLAR 1164 00:44:37,680 --> 00:44:38,600 JOBS AND SO FORTH. 1165 00:44:38,600 --> 00:44:41,440 THAT SHE CAME UP WITH THIS TERM, 1166 00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:43,640 PARTIAL TOKENISM, THAT I FOUND 1167 00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:44,640 REALLY USEFUL, THAT HIGHLIGHTS 1168 00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:45,920 EVEN THOUGH THEY WERE SUCCESSFUL 1169 00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:50,880 IN ONE AREA OF THEIR LIFE, 1170 00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:51,440 HEIGHTENED VISIBILITY AND 1171 00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:52,640 CONSPICUOUSNESS THAT CAME FROM 1172 00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:54,720 BEING IN THAT SPACE, FROM BEING 1173 00:44:54,720 --> 00:44:55,720 SUCCESSFUL, LET TO HEIGHTENED 1174 00:44:55,720 --> 00:44:58,760 LEVEL OF TREES. 1175 00:44:58,760 --> 00:44:59,320 IN-- STRESS. 1176 00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:02,240 IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE WAYS THE 1177 00:45:02,240 --> 00:45:03,240 CONTEXT IS CREATED BEFORE HEALTH 1178 00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:06,080 IT HAS TO DO WITH OPERATING 1179 00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:07,080 THROUGH STRESS MECHANISMS. 1180 00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:09,280 IF WE THINK THROUGH THAT LENS, 1181 00:45:09,280 --> 00:45:13,760 THE EFFORTS THAT IN THIS CASE 1182 00:45:13,760 --> 00:45:16,960 BLACK MEN IN HIGHER MORE 1183 00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:18,680 SUCCESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS GOING 1184 00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:23,200 OUT OF THEIR WAY TO APPEAR SAFE 1185 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:24,280 AND NOT THREATENING THE IDEA OF 1186 00:45:24,280 --> 00:45:25,800 DOING THE WORK WAS SO IMPORTANT 1187 00:45:25,800 --> 00:45:28,760 THEY FELT THEY WERE DOING 1188 00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:31,800 THINGS, HEIGHTENED VISIBILITY 1189 00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:35,080 WAS IMPORTANT FOR THEM TO OFFER 1190 00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:37,840 WAYS, ENACT WAYS THEY HAD TO BE 1191 00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:39,480 HYPERVISIBLE, THE IDEA OF 1192 00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:40,440 VIGILANCE BY DAVID WILLIAMS AND 1193 00:45:40,440 --> 00:45:43,240 OTHERS TALK ABOUT THAT THE IDEA 1194 00:45:43,240 --> 00:45:44,840 OF VIGILANCE, THAT YOU'RE PAYING 1195 00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:47,480 ATTENTION AND GOING OUT OF YOUR 1196 00:45:47,480 --> 00:45:48,880 WAY TO WORK STEREOTYPES AND 1197 00:45:48,880 --> 00:45:50,680 IDEAS THAT COUNTER THIS IDEA 1198 00:45:50,680 --> 00:45:52,520 THAT YOU ACTUALLY HAVE CHARACTER 1199 00:45:52,520 --> 00:45:53,600 AND ACTUALLY ARE REPRESENTATIVE 1200 00:45:53,600 --> 00:46:03,560 WELL WITHIN A PARTICULAR GROUP. 1201 00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:07,160 SPEAKING TO DR. JORDAN-YOUNG'S 1202 00:46:07,160 --> 00:46:08,600 OPENING, HIGHLIGHTING SOME 1203 00:46:08,600 --> 00:46:10,680 REMARKS FROM DR. KRIEGER, THAT 1204 00:46:10,680 --> 00:46:12,640 THIS IDEA OF, YOU KNOW, GENDER 1205 00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:15,040 BEING A PRODUCT OF HISTORY, THIS 1206 00:46:15,040 --> 00:46:18,240 IDEA OF BLACK MEN, HAVING A 1207 00:46:18,240 --> 00:46:19,880 SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY, IS 1208 00:46:19,880 --> 00:46:21,200 SOMETHING THAT WE'VE SEEN 1209 00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:22,840 BASICALLY SINCE WE'VE HAD DATA, 1210 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:24,880 CERTAINLY SINCE WE'VE HAD THIS 1211 00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:26,640 PERIOD OF OVER 120 YEARS, OF 1212 00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:31,240 LOOKING AT THINGS LIKE LIFE 1213 00:46:31,240 --> 00:46:31,640 EXPECTANCY. 1214 00:46:31,640 --> 00:46:33,440 IF I HOED YOU THE GRAPH YOU 1215 00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:36,080 WOULD SEE BLACK MEN FROM 1900 1216 00:46:36,080 --> 00:46:39,240 THROUGH 2021 HAVING A SHORTER 1217 00:46:39,240 --> 00:46:40,680 LIFE EXPECTANCY. 1218 00:46:40,680 --> 00:46:42,640 NOT QUITE AS INTERESTING AS 1219 00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:48,880 SHOWING HOW GAPS BETWEEN BLACK 1220 00:46:48,880 --> 00:46:51,280 MEN AND WHITE MEN WERE CHANGING 1221 00:46:51,280 --> 00:46:52,720 OVER TIME. 1222 00:46:52,720 --> 00:46:55,280 MY WAY OF DESCRIBING WHAT WE SEE 1223 00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:57,080 HERE WAS BLACK MEN AS REFERENCE 1224 00:46:57,080 --> 00:47:01,320 GROUP IS THAT THE RACIAL 1225 00:47:01,320 --> 00:47:02,640 DIFFERENCE BASICALLY HAS 1226 00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:06,520 DECLINED OVER THIS 120-YEAR 1227 00:47:06,520 --> 00:47:07,960 PERIOD, WHILE THE GENDER 1228 00:47:07,960 --> 00:47:09,360 DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF MORTALITY 1229 00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,480 AND LIFE EXPERIENCE HAS GROWN. 1230 00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:14,840 PART OF THE QUESTION, THIS IS 1231 00:47:14,840 --> 00:47:16,920 CONSISTENT WITH LARGER WORK THAT 1232 00:47:16,920 --> 00:47:20,000 TALKED ABOUT SEX DIFFERENCE IN 1233 00:47:20,000 --> 00:47:22,120 MORTALITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY IS 1234 00:47:22,120 --> 00:47:23,560 A 20th CENTURY PHENOMENON. 1235 00:47:23,560 --> 00:47:25,160 WE HAVEN'T TALKED ABOUT WHAT IS 1236 00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:26,720 IT ABOUT GENDER AND HOW IS IT OF 1237 00:47:26,720 --> 00:47:28,880 IS IT OUR LIVES HAVE BEEN 1238 00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:31,200 GENDERED THROUGH TECHNOLOGY, 1239 00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:32,280 PUBLIC HEALTH INNOVATION AND 1240 00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:33,680 OTHER THINGS THAT PROVIDED 1241 00:47:33,680 --> 00:47:36,960 CONTEXT FOR US TO UNDERSTAND WHY 1242 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:42,240 THESE PATS EARNS AND WHY -- 1243 00:47:42,240 --> 00:47:43,800 PATTERNS, AND WHY EVERYONE HAS 1244 00:47:43,800 --> 00:47:45,400 NOT BENEFITED OVER TIME. 1245 00:47:45,400 --> 00:47:48,560 ONE OF THE THINGS I WANT TO 1246 00:47:48,560 --> 00:47:50,120 HIGHLIGHT IN THIS CONTEXT IS 1247 00:47:50,120 --> 00:47:52,520 THIS IDEA OF GENDER AND WHO GETS 1248 00:47:52,520 --> 00:47:55,080 TO BE COUNTED AS A DISPARITY 1249 00:47:55,080 --> 00:47:57,800 POPULATION, IF WE WANT TO USE 1250 00:47:57,800 --> 00:48:00,840 THAT LANGUAGE, THAT IF WE THINK 1251 00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:03,040 ABOUT THE WAYS THAT GENDER AND, 1252 00:48:03,040 --> 00:48:04,120 I'M SORRY, HEALTH DISPARITIES 1253 00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,200 AND WHAT THAT MEANS IN TERMS OF 1254 00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:06,880 IDENTIFYING A SPECIFIC 1255 00:48:06,880 --> 00:48:09,680 POPULATION THAT IS WORTHY OF 1256 00:48:09,680 --> 00:48:12,480 ADDITIONAL RESOURCE ATTENTION 1257 00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:17,040 AND SO FORTH, MEN BECAUSE WE'RE 1258 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:17,920 NOT STRUCTURALLY DISADVANTAGED 1259 00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:22,960 IN OUR SOCIETY DON'T COUNT IN 1260 00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:24,400 THE CONVERSATION AROUND HEALTH 1261 00:48:24,400 --> 00:48:25,480 EQUITY AND THOSE THINGS. 1262 00:48:25,480 --> 00:48:27,440 BLACK MEN DON'T MAKE THEIR WAY 1263 00:48:27,440 --> 00:48:29,720 INTO THESE CONVERSATIONS UNLESS 1264 00:48:29,720 --> 00:48:33,240 THEY ENTER THROUGH THE DOOR OF 1265 00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:34,040 RACE. 1266 00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:35,640 IF INEQUITIES AND DISPARITIES 1267 00:48:35,640 --> 00:48:36,880 AND THROUGH THINGS LIKE NIMHD 1268 00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:39,480 ARE NOT THE WAYS THAT MEN AND 1269 00:48:39,480 --> 00:48:41,120 PARTICULARLY BLACK MEN CAN ENTER 1270 00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:42,880 INTO A CONVERSATION AND 1271 00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:44,320 INTERVENTIONS AND FUNDING FOR 1272 00:48:44,320 --> 00:48:45,600 THESE RESOURCES WHERE ARE WE 1273 00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:49,960 SUPPOSED TO GET RESOURCES FOR 1274 00:48:49,960 --> 00:48:50,840 THESE GROUPS? 1275 00:48:50,840 --> 00:48:53,360 AS WE THINK ABOUT ISSUES LIKE 1276 00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:54,280 THE LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE 1277 00:48:54,280 --> 00:48:55,800 AROUND MEN'S HEALTH THAT WE HAVE 1278 00:48:55,800 --> 00:48:58,080 IN STATE AND LOCAL HEALTH 1279 00:48:58,080 --> 00:48:59,520 DEPARTMENTS, IT MATTERS THAT WE 1280 00:48:59,520 --> 00:49:02,240 HAVE NO OFFICES OF MEN'S HEALTH 1281 00:49:02,240 --> 00:49:03,360 AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL, AND THE 1282 00:49:03,360 --> 00:49:05,760 FACT THAT WE HAVE NONE OF THESE 1283 00:49:05,760 --> 00:49:07,160 OFFICES AT THAT LEVEL, THE FACT 1284 00:49:07,160 --> 00:49:10,240 THAT WHEN WE LOOK AT THINGS LIKE 1285 00:49:10,240 --> 00:49:11,680 HEALTHY PEOPLE, THAT NONE OF THE 1286 00:49:11,680 --> 00:49:12,760 OBJECTIVES OF HEALTHY PEOPLE 1287 00:49:12,760 --> 00:49:14,960 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF 1288 00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:15,720 POTENTIALLY PROSTATE CANCER 1289 00:49:15,720 --> 00:49:17,720 ACTUALLY LINK TO LEADING CAUSE 1290 00:49:17,720 --> 00:49:20,400 OF DEATH FOR MEN, AND SO WE HAVE 1291 00:49:20,400 --> 00:49:22,160 THESE STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS THAT 1292 00:49:22,160 --> 00:49:23,080 ARE FEEDING INTO AND 1293 00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:24,160 INTERCONNECTING WITH THE WAYS 1294 00:49:24,160 --> 00:49:25,480 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THESE 1295 00:49:25,480 --> 00:49:28,360 ISSUES, THAT WE ALSO NEED TO 1296 00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:29,760 FACTOR INTO THIS CONVERSATION. 1297 00:49:29,760 --> 00:49:31,960 SO, IT REALLY IS CRITICAL TO 1298 00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:33,760 THINK ABOUT GENDER AND HOW BOYS 1299 00:49:33,760 --> 00:49:35,320 AND MEN FIT INTO THE 1300 00:49:35,320 --> 00:49:35,800 CONVERSATION. 1301 00:49:35,800 --> 00:49:37,200 I HOPE WE'RE ABLE TO CONTINUE TO 1302 00:49:37,200 --> 00:49:38,640 HAVE MORE OF A DISCUSSION. 1303 00:49:38,640 --> 00:49:42,760 THANK YOU. 1304 00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:45,480 1305 00:49:45,480 --> 00:49:54,400 >>THANK YOU, DR. GRIFFITH. 1306 00:49:54,400 --> 00:49:55,440 YOU'VE GIVEN US A LOT OF NEW 1307 00:49:55,440 --> 00:49:56,480 MATERIAL TO THINK WITH. 1308 00:49:56,480 --> 00:49:57,760 I APPRECIATE THAT A LOT. 1309 00:49:57,760 --> 00:49:59,600 WE'RE GOING TO KEEP MOVING AND 1310 00:49:59,600 --> 00:50:02,200 GATHER THE QUESTIONS AT THE END. 1311 00:50:02,200 --> 00:50:05,200 SO, NEXT I'M HAPPY TO PRESENT 1312 00:50:05,200 --> 00:50:08,000 DR. HEATHER BULLOCK, PROFESSOR 1313 00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:11,360 OF PSYCHOLOGY, DIRECTOR OF THE 1314 00:50:11,360 --> 00:50:13,760 BLUM CENTER ON POVERTY, SOCIAL 1315 00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:17,080 ENTERPRISE AND GOVERNANCE AT 1316 00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:18,160 U.C. SANTA CRUZ. 1317 00:50:18,160 --> 00:50:19,880 DR. BULLOCK IS EXPERT ON SOCIAL 1318 00:50:19,880 --> 00:50:23,520 PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL CLASS AND 1319 00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:30,840 POVERTY, SERVED AS THE INAUGURAL 1320 00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:31,760 CHAIR OF AMERICANPSYCHOLOGICAL 1321 00:50:31,760 --> 00:50:33,600 COMMITTEE, A MEMBER OF DEEP 1322 00:50:33,600 --> 00:50:35,200 POVERTY INITIATIVE WORKING 1323 00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:35,400 GROUP. 1324 00:50:35,400 --> 00:50:36,760 I'LL LEAVE MY INTRO THERE AND 1325 00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:39,600 LET YOU READ THE REST BECAUSE 1326 00:50:39,600 --> 00:50:42,000 THERE'S PLENTY TO SAY WE DON'T 1327 00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:43,760 HAVE TIME. 1328 00:50:43,760 --> 00:50:45,040 DR. BULLOCK, WELCOME. 1329 00:50:45,040 --> 00:50:49,440 WE LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING FROM 1330 00:50:49,440 --> 00:50:49,760 YOU. 1331 00:50:49,760 --> 00:50:52,160 >>THANK YOU TO THE CONFERENCE 1332 00:50:52,160 --> 00:50:53,160 ORGANIZERS FOR BRINGING US 1333 00:50:53,160 --> 00:50:54,240 TOGETHER AND EVERYONE JOINING 1334 00:50:54,240 --> 00:50:54,560 TODAY. 1335 00:50:54,560 --> 00:51:02,680 IT'S A REAL HONOR TO SPEAK WITH 1336 00:51:02,680 --> 00:51:02,960 YOU. 1337 00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:04,520 FEMINIZATION OF POSER REFERS TO 1338 00:51:04,520 --> 00:51:06,160 UNEQUAL STATE OF MEP'S AND 1339 00:51:06,160 --> 00:51:08,480 WOMEN'S POVERTY RATES AND 1340 00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:10,760 PROCESSES BY WHICH WOMEN'S RISK 1341 00:51:10,760 --> 00:51:13,320 OF POVERTY HAS INCREASINGLY 1342 00:51:13,320 --> 00:51:14,600 EXCEEDED THAT OF MEN'S. 1343 00:51:14,600 --> 00:51:18,440 DIANA PIERCE COINED THE TERM THE 1344 00:51:18,440 --> 00:51:19,840 FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY, IN 1978 1345 00:51:19,840 --> 00:51:21,720 BASED ON HER RESEARCH 1346 00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:23,160 DOCUMENTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 1347 00:51:23,160 --> 00:51:25,680 GENDER AND POVERTY. 1348 00:51:25,680 --> 00:51:26,880 SPECIFICALLY, INCREASING 1349 00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:28,720 CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY AMONG 1350 00:51:28,720 --> 00:51:29,800 WOMEN. 1351 00:51:29,800 --> 00:51:31,240 THE FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY 1352 00:51:31,240 --> 00:51:32,640 PERSISTS WITH WOMEN ACROSS ALL 1353 00:51:32,640 --> 00:51:33,880 REGIONS OF THE WORLD, 1354 00:51:33,880 --> 00:51:35,840 EXPERIENCING HIGHER RATES OF 1355 00:51:35,840 --> 00:51:37,000 POVERTY THAN MEN. 1356 00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:39,000 WE DON'T HAVE TO LOOK FAR TO 1357 00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,600 FIND EVIDENCE OF THE 1358 00:51:40,600 --> 00:51:43,000 FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY IN THE 1359 00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,400 UNITED STATES. 1360 00:51:45,400 --> 00:51:47,240 IN THE U.S., WOMEN ARE MORE 1361 00:51:47,240 --> 00:51:51,160 LIKELY TO LIVE IN POVERTY THAN 1362 00:51:51,160 --> 00:51:53,840 MEN, IN 2020, 11.5% OF WOMEN 1363 00:51:53,840 --> 00:51:55,680 LIVED BELOW THE POVERTY 1364 00:51:55,680 --> 00:51:59,080 THRESHOLDS COMPARED TO 8.6% OF 1365 00:51:59,080 --> 00:51:59,640 MEN. 1366 00:51:59,640 --> 00:52:01,920 APPROXIMATELY 19% OF BLACK 1367 00:52:01,920 --> 00:52:07,160 WOMEN, 16.8% OF LATINX WOMEN, 1368 00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:09,560 8.9% OF WHITE WOMEN, 8.7% OF 1369 00:52:09,560 --> 00:52:15,080 ASIAN WOMEN EXPERIENCED POVERTY, 1370 00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:17,800 COMPARED TO 6.8% OF WHITE MEN. 1371 00:52:17,800 --> 00:52:18,800 WOMEN OUTSIDE THE U.S. 1372 00:52:18,800 --> 00:52:22,160 EXPERIENCE HIGH RATES OF 1373 00:52:22,160 --> 00:52:22,400 POVERTY. 1374 00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:23,880 FURTHER EVIDENCE COMES FROM 1375 00:52:23,880 --> 00:52:26,720 EXAMINING POVERTY RATES IN 1376 00:52:26,720 --> 00:52:28,400 CONJUNCTION ARE PARENTAL AND 1377 00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:29,600 FAMILY STATUS. 1378 00:52:29,600 --> 00:52:31,480 FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN HEADED BY 1379 00:52:31,480 --> 00:52:32,880 SINGLE MOTHERS EXPERIENCE HIGHER 1380 00:52:32,880 --> 00:52:34,520 POVERTY RATES THAN FAMILIES 1381 00:52:34,520 --> 00:52:37,760 HEADED BY SINGLE FATHERS OR 1382 00:52:37,760 --> 00:52:38,320 MARRIED FAMILIES. 1383 00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:40,520 IN 2020 THE POVERTY RATE FOR 1384 00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:44,320 FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN HEADED BY 1385 00:52:44,320 --> 00:52:46,960 SINGLE MOTHERS WAS 32.1%, 1386 00:52:46,960 --> 00:52:48,720 COMPARED TO 14.3% FOR FAMILIES 1387 00:52:48,720 --> 00:52:51,440 WITH CHILDREN HEADED BY SINGLE 1388 00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:53,840 FATHERS, AND 5.9% FOR MARRIED 1389 00:52:53,840 --> 00:52:55,720 FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN. 1390 00:52:55,720 --> 00:52:59,120 POVERTY RATES ARE CONSISTENTLY 1391 00:52:59,120 --> 00:53:03,280 HIGHEST AMONG FEMALE-HEADED 1392 00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:04,800 HOUSEHOLDS OF COLOR. 1393 00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:06,720 FOOD AND HOUSING INSECURITY ARE 1394 00:53:06,720 --> 00:53:08,960 ALSO POWERFUL INDICATORS OF THE 1395 00:53:08,960 --> 00:53:10,280 FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY. 1396 00:53:10,280 --> 00:53:13,520 IN THE FIRST HALF OF MARCH 2022, 1397 00:53:13,520 --> 00:53:16,720 MORE THAN 1 IN 5 BLACK MEN AND 1 1398 00:53:16,720 --> 00:53:18,560 IN 6 LATINAS REPORTED SOMETIMES 1399 00:53:18,560 --> 00:53:20,360 OR OFTEN NOT HAVING ENOUGH FOOD 1400 00:53:20,360 --> 00:53:24,960 TO EAT IN THE PRIOR SEVEN DAYS. 1401 00:53:24,960 --> 00:53:28,560 RATES OF HOUSING INSECURITY ARE 1402 00:53:28,560 --> 00:53:28,960 EQUALLY TROUBLING. 1403 00:53:28,960 --> 00:53:31,440 OVER 4.5 MILLION WOMEN WHO ARE 1404 00:53:31,440 --> 00:53:33,280 RENTERS REPORT BEING BEHIND ON 1405 00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:35,240 RENT PAYMENTS IN THE FIRST HALF 1406 00:53:35,240 --> 00:53:36,040 OF MARCH. 1407 00:53:36,040 --> 00:53:37,760 HIGHER PERCENTAGES OF BLACK AND 1408 00:53:37,760 --> 00:53:40,200 LATINA WOMEN WERE BEHIND ON 1409 00:53:40,200 --> 00:53:43,040 THEIR RENT, THAN WHITE WOMEN AND 1410 00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:44,240 MEN. 1411 00:53:44,240 --> 00:53:45,640 AS WITH POVERTY, HOMELESSNESS IS 1412 00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:46,960 ALSO FEMINIZED. 1413 00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:48,400 THE TYPICAL UNHOUSE THE FAMILY 1414 00:53:48,400 --> 00:53:50,960 IS HEADED BY LOW INCOME SINGLE 1415 00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:52,360 MOTHERS, CARING FOR TWO CHILDREN 1416 00:53:52,360 --> 00:53:55,920 UNDER THE AGE OF 6, WITH 1417 00:53:55,920 --> 00:53:57,840 FAMILIES OF COLOR 1418 00:53:57,840 --> 00:53:58,200 OVERREPRESENTED. 1419 00:53:58,200 --> 00:54:01,320 THESE INEQUITIES ARE INDICATIVE 1420 00:54:01,320 --> 00:54:03,000 OF STRUCTURAL RACISM, SEXISM, 1421 00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:03,840 CLASSISM. 1422 00:54:03,840 --> 00:54:07,360 AND OCCUR IN THE CONTEXT OF 1423 00:54:07,360 --> 00:54:09,080 CONCENTRATED INCOME AND WEALTH 1424 00:54:09,080 --> 00:54:14,560 THAT DR. KRIEGER DISCUSSED THIS 1425 00:54:14,560 --> 00:54:17,400 MORNING. 1426 00:54:17,400 --> 00:54:19,360 POVERTY IS A MODIFIABLE SOCIAL 1427 00:54:19,360 --> 00:54:20,760 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH. 1428 00:54:20,760 --> 00:54:23,160 AS THESE STATISTICS MAKE CLEAR, 1429 00:54:23,160 --> 00:54:26,080 WOMEN'S POVERTY MUST BE 1430 00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:27,240 UNDERSTOOD THROUGH 1431 00:54:27,240 --> 00:54:28,560 INTERSECTIONAL LENS. 1432 00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:31,160 INTERSECTIONALITY IS AN ANALYTIC 1433 00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:32,480 FRAMEWORK THAT SIMULTANEOUSLY 1434 00:54:32,480 --> 00:54:34,760 CONSIDERS THE MEANINGS AND 1435 00:54:34,760 --> 00:54:36,760 CONSEQUENCES OF MULTIPLE 1436 00:54:36,760 --> 00:54:39,440 CATEGORIES OF IDENTITY, 1437 00:54:39,440 --> 00:54:40,880 DIFFERENCE, MARGINALIZATION, 1438 00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:41,880 UNLIKE SINGLE ACCESS ANALYSES 1439 00:54:41,880 --> 00:54:45,520 THAT FOCUS ON ONE DIMENSION OF 1440 00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:46,720 IDENTITY, INTERSECTIONALITY, 1441 00:54:46,720 --> 00:54:48,120 ILLUMINATES THE COMPLEXITIES OF 1442 00:54:48,120 --> 00:54:51,000 MULTIPLE OPPRESSION ALSO. 1443 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:52,640 IMPORTANTLY, INTERSECTIONAL LENS 1444 00:54:52,640 --> 00:54:55,160 TREATS SYSTEMS OF POWER AS 1445 00:54:55,160 --> 00:54:56,680 INTERLOCKING, WORKING TOGETHER 1446 00:54:56,680 --> 00:54:59,000 TO SHAPE INEQUALITIES. 1447 00:54:59,000 --> 00:55:00,640 SYSTEMS OF POWER OPERATE AT THE 1448 00:55:00,640 --> 00:55:03,040 MACRO LEVEL, VIA INSTITUTIONS 1449 00:55:03,040 --> 00:55:07,840 AND POLICIES, AT THE MESO LEVEL, 1450 00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:08,960 INTRAGROUP RELATIONS, MICRO 1451 00:55:08,960 --> 00:55:13,640 LEVEL VIA PREJUDICE AND 1452 00:55:13,640 --> 00:55:14,840 INTERNALIZED OPPRESSION. 1453 00:55:14,840 --> 00:55:16,840 INTERSECTING CLASSES AND RACES 1454 00:55:16,840 --> 00:55:20,000 AND SEXISM, ARE THE ROOTS OF THE 1455 00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:21,680 FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY, 1456 00:55:21,680 --> 00:55:26,120 MANIFESTED IN LABOR MARKET 1457 00:55:26,120 --> 00:55:27,760 INEQUITIES, SOCIETAL DEVALUATION 1458 00:55:27,760 --> 00:55:29,880 OF CAREGIVING LABOR, GENDERED 1459 00:55:29,880 --> 00:55:32,720 VIOLENCE, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL 1460 00:55:32,720 --> 00:55:33,920 EXCLUSION, WEAK SAFETY NET 1461 00:55:33,920 --> 00:55:37,080 PROGRAMS, AS WELL AS MANY OTHER 1462 00:55:37,080 --> 00:55:44,080 POWER DYNAMICS, TOO MANY TO LIST 1463 00:55:44,080 --> 00:55:44,480 HERE. 1464 00:55:44,480 --> 00:55:45,320 INTERSECTIONALITY COMPLEMENTS 1465 00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:47,160 OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL 1466 00:55:47,160 --> 00:55:48,240 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, BY 1467 00:55:48,240 --> 00:55:50,320 DRAWING ATTENTION TO THE ROOT 1468 00:55:50,320 --> 00:55:52,200 CAUSES OF INEQUITIES. 1469 00:55:52,200 --> 00:55:54,360 YOU'RE LIKELY FAMILIAR WITH 1470 00:55:54,360 --> 00:55:56,560 HEALTH-FREE MODELS SUCH AS THIS 1471 00:55:56,560 --> 00:55:57,960 PORTRAYING SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 1472 00:55:57,960 --> 00:56:00,160 OF HEALTH AND RELATIONSHIPS TO 1473 00:56:00,160 --> 00:56:00,840 HEALTH OUTCOMES. 1474 00:56:00,840 --> 00:56:03,760 WHAT SETS THIS BY THE HEALTH 1475 00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:06,840 RESEARCH IN ACTION APART FROM 1476 00:56:06,840 --> 00:56:08,760 OTHERS IS THAT EMPHASIS ON THE 1477 00:56:08,760 --> 00:56:10,880 ROOT CAUSES OF INEQUITIES. 1478 00:56:10,880 --> 00:56:13,800 NOTICE THAT THIS MODEL INCLUDES 1479 00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:15,680 THE TREE'S SOIL, DOMINANT 1480 00:56:15,680 --> 00:56:18,000 SOCIOCULTURAL VALUES AND 1481 00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:20,640 BELIEFS, SUCH AS INDIVIDUALISM, 1482 00:56:20,640 --> 00:56:22,240 PATRIARCHY, WHITE SUPREMACY, AS 1483 00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:25,080 WELL AS THE TREE'S ROOTS, 1484 00:56:25,080 --> 00:56:26,960 DISCRIMINATION AND UNEQUAL 1485 00:56:26,960 --> 00:56:28,160 DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES. 1486 00:56:28,160 --> 00:56:30,200 OBVIOUSLY, THERE ARE FAR TOO 1487 00:56:30,200 --> 00:56:34,920 MANY ROOTS AND TOO MUCH SOIL TO 1488 00:56:34,920 --> 00:56:36,280 POSSIBLY DISPLAY HERE. 1489 00:56:36,280 --> 00:56:38,640 THIS IS A NECESSARILY INCOMPLETE 1490 00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:39,760 LIST, ENCOURAGING TO US DIG 1491 00:56:39,760 --> 00:56:42,800 DEEPER TO EXPOSE THE STRUCTURAL 1492 00:56:42,800 --> 00:56:44,040 ROOTS OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 1493 00:56:44,040 --> 00:56:45,680 HEALTH THEMSELVES AND ATTITUDES 1494 00:56:45,680 --> 00:56:48,280 AND BELIEFS THAT LEGITIMIZE 1495 00:56:48,280 --> 00:56:48,600 INEQUITIES. 1496 00:56:48,600 --> 00:56:50,840 FOR THE REMAINDER OF MY TALK 1497 00:56:50,840 --> 00:56:52,360 I'LL ILLUSTRATE HOW INTERSECTING 1498 00:56:52,360 --> 00:56:55,240 CLASSES AND RACISM AND SEXISM 1499 00:56:55,240 --> 00:56:57,160 CONTRIBUTE TO FEMINIZATION OF 1500 00:56:57,160 --> 00:56:59,120 POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS AND 1501 00:56:59,120 --> 00:57:07,240 STRATEGIES FOR ALLEVIATING 1502 00:57:07,240 --> 00:57:08,200 WOMEN'S POVERTY. 1503 00:57:08,200 --> 00:57:10,520 I HIGHLIGHT FINDINGS FROM 1504 00:57:10,520 --> 00:57:13,440 INTERVIEWS WITH 46 CURRENTLY AND 1505 00:57:13,440 --> 00:57:16,760 FORMERLY UNHOUSED MOTHERS WHO 1506 00:57:16,760 --> 00:57:18,040 PARTICIPATED IN COMPLEMENTARY 1507 00:57:18,040 --> 00:57:19,040 INTERVIEW STUDIES. 1508 00:57:19,040 --> 00:57:21,080 ONE PORTION CAME FROM INTERVIEWS 1509 00:57:21,080 --> 00:57:23,440 WITH MOTHERS LIVING IN A 1510 00:57:23,440 --> 00:57:24,280 RESIDENTIAL SHELTER THAT HOUSES 1511 00:57:24,280 --> 00:57:26,480 FAMILIES FOR UP TO SIX MONTHS. 1512 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:29,240 THE OTHER PORTION COMES FROM 1513 00:57:29,240 --> 00:57:29,880 INTERVIEWS WITH FORMERLY 1514 00:57:29,880 --> 00:57:31,400 UNHOUSED MOTHERS WHO LIVED WITH 1515 00:57:31,400 --> 00:57:33,840 THEIR CHILDREN IN RESIDENTIAL 1516 00:57:33,840 --> 00:57:35,480 SHELTERS FOR 30 DAYS OR MORE, 1517 00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:38,520 OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS. 1518 00:57:38,520 --> 00:57:41,240 INTERVIEWS FOCUSED ON LIFE 1519 00:57:41,240 --> 00:57:43,120 HISTORIES, EXPERIENCES OF 1520 00:57:43,120 --> 00:57:49,680 HOMELESSNESS, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE 1521 00:57:49,680 --> 00:57:51,560 USE, UNMET NEEDS. 1522 00:57:51,560 --> 00:57:53,280 WE IDENTIFIED TWO PATHWAYS THAT 1523 00:57:53,280 --> 00:58:03,160 CONTRIBUTE TO WOMEN'S ECONOMIC 1524 00:58:03,160 --> 00:58:05,680 AND HOUSING PRE-CARITY FOCUSED 1525 00:58:05,680 --> 00:58:08,640 ON VIOLENCE, REPORTING ABUSIVE 1526 00:58:08,640 --> 00:58:09,520 EXPERIENCES THAT PRECIPITATED 1527 00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:12,040 MOST RECENT EPISODES OF 1528 00:58:12,040 --> 00:58:13,880 HOMELESSNESS INCLUDING PHYSICAL 1529 00:58:13,880 --> 00:58:16,320 AND SEXUALITY ASSAULT, 1530 00:58:16,320 --> 00:58:17,840 KIDNAPPING, FORCED IMPRISONMENT, 1531 00:58:17,840 --> 00:58:20,760 EMOTIONAL ABUSE, COERCED DRUG 1532 00:58:20,760 --> 00:58:23,200 USE, FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION. 1533 00:58:23,200 --> 00:58:25,920 ABUSE WAS RARELY ISOLATED OR 1534 00:58:25,920 --> 00:58:28,000 SINGULAR, INSTEAD MULTIPLE 1535 00:58:28,000 --> 00:58:30,240 CO-OCCURRING FORMS OF IPV WORKED 1536 00:58:30,240 --> 00:58:34,040 IN CONCERT TO DEEPEN HARDSHIP. 1537 00:58:34,040 --> 00:58:37,960 COMMON CONSEQUENCES OF ABUSE, 1538 00:58:37,960 --> 00:58:38,840 COMPROMISED HEALTH, REDUCE 1539 00:58:38,840 --> 00:58:40,800 CAPACITY TO WORK OR PURSUE 1540 00:58:40,800 --> 00:58:42,320 EDUCATIONAL GOALS, MEDICAL AND 1541 00:58:42,320 --> 00:58:44,840 LEGAL BILLS ALL HEIGHTENED THE 1542 00:58:44,840 --> 00:58:45,520 RISK OF HOMELESSNESS, 1543 00:58:45,520 --> 00:58:49,480 INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER AND 1544 00:58:49,480 --> 00:58:50,760 CULMINATING ACROSS ABUSIVE 1545 00:58:50,760 --> 00:58:51,400 RELATIONSHIPS. 1546 00:58:51,400 --> 00:58:53,720 OF COURSE RACE, CLASS, GENDER 1547 00:58:53,720 --> 00:58:56,560 ALSO INTERSECT TO INFLUENCE 1548 00:58:56,560 --> 00:58:57,640 WOMEN'S EXPERIENCES OF IPV, 1549 00:58:57,640 --> 00:58:59,200 FOLLOWING ASSAULT WOMEN OF COLOR 1550 00:58:59,200 --> 00:59:03,040 ARE LESS LIKELY TO RECEIVE 1551 00:59:03,040 --> 00:59:05,360 APPROPRIATE RECOVERY SERVICES, 1552 00:59:05,360 --> 00:59:08,560 FURTHER UNDERMINING ECONOMIC AND 1553 00:59:08,560 --> 00:59:09,720 PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOVERY. 1554 00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:11,640 IT'S ALSO CASE LOW INCOME WOMEN 1555 00:59:11,640 --> 00:59:13,920 ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY 1556 00:59:13,920 --> 00:59:16,800 VULNERABLE TO RACIST, SEXIST, 1557 00:59:16,800 --> 00:59:20,320 CLASSIST HOUSING PRACTICES. 1558 00:59:20,320 --> 00:59:22,720 IPV EXACERBATES THESE 1559 00:59:22,720 --> 00:59:23,680 VULNERABILITIES. 1560 00:59:23,680 --> 00:59:25,960 LANDLORDS MAY JUSTIFY EVICTING 1561 00:59:25,960 --> 00:59:27,160 WOMEN WHO EXPERIENCED IPV BASED 1562 00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:28,600 ON ALLEGED OR PERCEIVED DANGER 1563 00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:30,920 THEY PRESENT TO OTHER RESIDENTS, 1564 00:59:30,920 --> 00:59:33,440 MAY BE MORE INCLINED TO EVICT 1565 00:59:33,440 --> 00:59:35,040 FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN BECAUSE 1566 00:59:35,040 --> 00:59:37,160 CPS OR CASE WORKER VISITS MAY 1567 00:59:37,160 --> 00:59:42,480 DRAW UNWANTED ATTENTION TO 1568 00:59:42,480 --> 00:59:44,680 SUBSTANDARD LIVING CONDITIONS. 1569 00:59:44,680 --> 00:59:46,440 THE FIRST QUOTE ILLUSTRATES THE 1570 00:59:46,440 --> 00:59:48,960 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IPV AND 1571 00:59:48,960 --> 00:59:49,720 HOUSING INSECURITY. 1572 00:59:49,720 --> 00:59:51,920 HE CAME DRUNK TO THE HOUSE, 1573 00:59:51,920 --> 00:59:53,680 NEIGHBORS COMPLAINED TO MY 1574 00:59:53,680 --> 00:59:55,120 LANDLORD, SO HE THOUGHT IT WAS 1575 00:59:55,120 --> 00:59:57,720 IN OUR BEST INTEREST IF I MOVED, 1576 00:59:57,720 --> 01:00:00,560 I ENDED UP MOVING AND BEING 1577 01:00:00,560 --> 01:00:01,120 HOMELESS. 1578 01:00:01,120 --> 01:00:02,840 IN THIS CASE, HER PARTNER'S 1579 01:00:02,840 --> 01:00:04,960 BEHAVIOR RESULTED IN HER LOSING 1580 01:00:04,960 --> 01:00:06,040 HER HOME. 1581 01:00:06,040 --> 01:00:07,560 OTHER PARTICIPANTS HAD TO LEAVE 1582 01:00:07,560 --> 01:00:11,160 FAMILY SHELTERS BECAUSE OF THEIR 1583 01:00:11,160 --> 01:00:12,240 PARTNER'S BEHAVIOR. 1584 01:00:12,240 --> 01:00:13,680 ONE STRIKE HOUSING POLICIES ARE 1585 01:00:13,680 --> 01:00:15,800 INTENDED TO BAR PEOPLE WITH 1586 01:00:15,800 --> 01:00:17,760 SPECIFIC CRIMINAL RECORDS, FROM 1587 01:00:17,760 --> 01:00:19,200 LIVING IN PUBLIC HOUSING, 1588 01:00:19,200 --> 01:00:21,400 HOWEVER BACKGROUND CHECKS ARE 1589 01:00:21,400 --> 01:00:24,480 OFTEN EMPLOYED MORE BROADLY TO 1590 01:00:24,480 --> 01:00:27,280 DISQUALIFY ANYONE WITH CRIMINAL 1591 01:00:27,280 --> 01:00:27,640 HISTORY. 1592 01:00:27,640 --> 01:00:29,360 PERHAPS MOST DAMAGING TO WOMEN 1593 01:00:29,360 --> 01:00:31,120 IS PRACTICE OF EVICTING THE 1594 01:00:31,120 --> 01:00:33,320 ENTIRE HOUSEHOLD IF ANY 1595 01:00:33,320 --> 01:00:35,520 HOUSEHOLD MEMBER OR VISITOR 1596 01:00:35,520 --> 01:00:38,400 ENGAGES IN ILLEGAL SUBSTANCE USE 1597 01:00:38,400 --> 01:00:43,600 OR OTHER CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. 1598 01:00:43,600 --> 01:00:45,000 REFERRED TO AS VICARIOUS 1599 01:00:45,000 --> 01:00:46,440 LIABILITY, WOMEN CAN BE EVICTED 1600 01:00:46,440 --> 01:00:48,880 FOR BEHAVIORS OF A RELATIVE, 1601 01:00:48,880 --> 01:00:50,440 PARTNER, FRIEND OR GUEST EVEN IF 1602 01:00:50,440 --> 01:00:52,240 THEY ARE UNAWARE OF THE 1603 01:00:52,240 --> 01:00:53,440 ACTIVITIES OR DO NOT 1604 01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:53,720 PARTICIPATE. 1605 01:00:53,720 --> 01:00:55,640 THIS IS ILLUSTRATED BY THE 1606 01:00:55,640 --> 01:00:56,520 SECOND QUOTE. 1607 01:00:56,520 --> 01:00:59,120 I HAD STABLE HOUSING AND THEN 1608 01:00:59,120 --> 01:01:00,120 SITUATIONS HAPPENED WITH 1609 01:01:00,120 --> 01:01:01,680 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, I LOST MY 1610 01:01:01,680 --> 01:01:03,080 HOUSING BECAUSE OF THAT. 1611 01:01:03,080 --> 01:01:05,480 I WASN'T WITH THEIR DAD BUT HE 1612 01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:06,800 WAS COMING AROUND. 1613 01:01:06,800 --> 01:01:08,120 HE WASN'T SUPPOSED TO. 1614 01:01:08,120 --> 01:01:09,640 I GUESS HE HAD A WARRANT. 1615 01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:10,840 THE POLICE HAPPENED TO KNOCK ON 1616 01:01:10,840 --> 01:01:11,520 THE DOOR. 1617 01:01:11,520 --> 01:01:12,800 I WAS IN THE SHOWER. 1618 01:01:12,800 --> 01:01:15,880 SO I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW HE WAS 1619 01:01:15,880 --> 01:01:16,520 THERE. 1620 01:01:16,520 --> 01:01:19,920 LOW INCOME PEOPLE OF COLOR 1621 01:01:19,920 --> 01:01:21,120 PARTICULARLY AFRICAN AMERICANS 1622 01:01:21,120 --> 01:01:22,600 ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED 1623 01:01:22,600 --> 01:01:24,720 BY ONE STRIKE EVICTIONS. 1624 01:01:24,720 --> 01:01:26,840 AND DESPITE AMPLE EVIDENCE 1625 01:01:26,840 --> 01:01:28,480 DEMONSTRATING IPV DIRECTLY AND 1626 01:01:28,480 --> 01:01:30,960 INDIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO 1627 01:01:30,960 --> 01:01:32,400 WOMEN'S POVERTY AND 1628 01:01:32,400 --> 01:01:33,160 HOMELESSNESS, LAW ENFORCEMENT 1629 01:01:33,160 --> 01:01:34,800 AND SURVIVOR SERVICES ARE NOT 1630 01:01:34,800 --> 01:01:41,800 NECESSARILY WELL EQUIPPED TO 1631 01:01:41,800 --> 01:01:42,880 ADDRESS STRUCTURAL FACTORS OR 1632 01:01:42,880 --> 01:01:43,560 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF 1633 01:01:43,560 --> 01:01:45,960 LEAVING A RELATIONSHIP. 1634 01:01:45,960 --> 01:01:46,720 ONE INTERVIEWEE OBSERVED, 1635 01:01:46,720 --> 01:01:49,160 SOMEONE TALKS TRASH TO YOU. 1636 01:01:49,160 --> 01:01:52,960 IT MAY NOT HURT, SHOW PHYSICAL 1637 01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:54,200 BRUISES, BUT IT HURTS THE HEART. 1638 01:01:54,200 --> 01:01:56,600 I HAD TO GET PHYSICALLY ABUSED 1639 01:01:56,600 --> 01:01:58,480 FOR THEM, THE LEGAL SYSTEM. 1640 01:01:58,480 --> 01:02:01,920 AND I THINK TO COME IN, AND I 1641 01:02:01,920 --> 01:02:02,920 THINK THAT'S WRONG. 1642 01:02:02,920 --> 01:02:04,480 WHY SHOULD WE WAIT UNTIL THAT 1643 01:02:04,480 --> 01:02:06,440 PERSON IS DEAD, UNTIL THAT 1644 01:02:06,440 --> 01:02:08,280 PERSON'S BRUISED, WHY SHOULD WE 1645 01:02:08,280 --> 01:02:12,800 WAIT UNTIL THAT PERSON'S BONES 1646 01:02:12,800 --> 01:02:16,400 GET BROKEN? 1647 01:02:16,400 --> 01:02:19,120 THE SECOND PATHWAY FOCUSES ON 1648 01:02:19,120 --> 01:02:21,960 INTERSECTIONS OF WEAK SAFETY NET 1649 01:02:21,960 --> 01:02:23,640 PROGRAMS WITH RACIST, CLASSIST, 1650 01:02:23,640 --> 01:02:27,240 AND SEXIST STEREO TIMES AND 1651 01:02:27,240 --> 01:02:28,960 SOCIAL CONTROL. 1652 01:02:28,960 --> 01:02:30,280 GROUNDED IN INTERSECTING 1653 01:02:30,280 --> 01:02:40,800 STEREOTYPES THAT PORTRAY LOW 1654 01:02:42,520 --> 01:02:44,160 INCOME MOTHERS, STRICT TIME 1655 01:02:44,160 --> 01:02:46,800 LIMITS MEAN THAT A FAMILY MAY NO 1656 01:02:46,800 --> 01:02:53,000 LONGER RECEIVE BENEFITS, EVEN IF 1657 01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:54,800 THEY REMAIN IN NEED. 1658 01:02:54,800 --> 01:02:56,440 DESPITE HIGH HOUSING COSTS, 1659 01:02:56,440 --> 01:02:58,920 FEDERAL HOUSING ASSISTANCE 1660 01:02:58,920 --> 01:03:00,480 PROGRAMS ARE UNDERFUNDED AND 1661 01:03:00,480 --> 01:03:02,000 NEED OUTPACES ACCESS OR 1662 01:03:02,000 --> 01:03:02,320 AVAILABILITY. 1663 01:03:02,320 --> 01:03:05,080 MANY ELIGIBLE LOW INCOME RENTERS 1664 01:03:05,080 --> 01:03:07,160 DO NOT RECEIVE RENTAL 1665 01:03:07,160 --> 01:03:08,560 ASSISTANCE. 1666 01:03:08,560 --> 01:03:11,520 HIGH DEMAND MEANS THAT WAITLISTS 1667 01:03:11,520 --> 01:03:13,160 FOR PROGRAMS ARE CLOSED, AND 1668 01:03:13,160 --> 01:03:15,120 FAMILIES MAY WAIT YEARS FOR AN 1669 01:03:15,120 --> 01:03:16,680 OPENING OR VOUCHER. 1670 01:03:16,680 --> 01:03:20,360 AND HOUSING VOUCHERS ONLY WORK 1671 01:03:20,360 --> 01:03:21,800 IF LANDLORDS WILL RENT TO LOW 1672 01:03:21,800 --> 01:03:23,000 INCOME FAMILIES. 1673 01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:25,840 THE FIRST QUOTE ILLUSTRATES 1674 01:03:25,840 --> 01:03:26,600 EMPLOYERS MAY NEGATIVELY 1675 01:03:26,600 --> 01:03:29,240 STEREOTYPE JOB APPLICANTS WITH 1676 01:03:29,240 --> 01:03:30,440 HISTORY OF HOMELESSNESS. 1677 01:03:30,440 --> 01:03:31,560 FINDING A JOB, THAT'S REALLY 1678 01:03:31,560 --> 01:03:34,400 HARD WHEN YOU PUT DOWN SHELTER 1679 01:03:34,400 --> 01:03:35,240 ADDRESS ON APPLICATION. 1680 01:03:35,240 --> 01:03:36,680 THEY WILL TAKE THE LEAST 1681 01:03:36,680 --> 01:03:39,880 EXPERIENCED PERSON OVER THE 1682 01:03:39,880 --> 01:03:41,600 HOMELESS PERSON WITH EXPERIENCE. 1683 01:03:41,600 --> 01:03:43,560 I'M APPLIED FOR JOBS WHICH I WAS 1684 01:03:43,560 --> 01:03:45,000 PERFECTLY QUALIFIED FOR. 1685 01:03:45,000 --> 01:03:45,920 EMPLOYER LOOKED AMOUNT MY 1686 01:03:45,920 --> 01:03:47,400 RÉSUMÉ, IT WAS GREAT. 1687 01:03:47,400 --> 01:03:50,240 LOOKED AT MY ADDRESS, OH, IT'S 1688 01:03:50,240 --> 01:03:52,320 THE HOMELESS SHELTER, IT WENT 1689 01:03:52,320 --> 01:03:53,520 DOWNHILL FROM THERE. 1690 01:03:53,520 --> 01:03:55,040 BAN THE ADDRESS CAMPAIGNS WHICH 1691 01:03:55,040 --> 01:04:00,520 SEEK TO PREVENT DISCRIMINATION 1692 01:04:00,520 --> 01:04:03,160 HAVE NOT GAINED WIDESPREAD 1693 01:04:03,160 --> 01:04:03,920 MOMENTUM. 1694 01:04:03,920 --> 01:04:05,800 WEAK SAFETY NET PROGRAMS 1695 01:04:05,800 --> 01:04:10,160 INCREASE DIFFICULTY OF LEAVING 1696 01:04:10,160 --> 01:04:10,920 ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS, TNF 1697 01:04:10,920 --> 01:04:13,680 BENEFITS ARE BASED ON SIZE AND 1698 01:04:13,680 --> 01:04:14,280 FIGURE INTO CALCULATIONS ABOUT 1699 01:04:14,280 --> 01:04:16,840 WHETHER OR NOT TO REMAIN IN AN 1700 01:04:16,840 --> 01:04:18,720 ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP. 1701 01:04:18,720 --> 01:04:20,440 ONE RESPONDENT EXPERIENCED A 1702 01:04:20,440 --> 01:04:21,680 DOUBLE ECONOMIC LOSS, HER 1703 01:04:21,680 --> 01:04:23,960 PARTNER LEFT, SHE LOST HER 1704 01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:25,480 INCOME AND HER FAMILY'S BENEFITS 1705 01:04:25,480 --> 01:04:26,480 WERE REDUCED. 1706 01:04:26,480 --> 01:04:28,560 WHEN HE DRANK, HE BEAT ME, I 1707 01:04:28,560 --> 01:04:29,680 CALLED THE COPS FINALLY. 1708 01:04:29,680 --> 01:04:32,600 AFTER HE LEFT, I LOST THE INCOME 1709 01:04:32,600 --> 01:04:34,640 HE HAD FROM HIS JOB, I CALLED 1710 01:04:34,640 --> 01:04:36,080 AND REPORTED THAT HE'S NO LONGER 1711 01:04:36,080 --> 01:04:38,440 IN THE HOUSE TO WELFARE. 1712 01:04:38,440 --> 01:04:39,920 THEY CUT THAT MONEY SO I 1713 01:04:39,920 --> 01:04:40,680 COULDN'T PAY RENT. 1714 01:04:40,680 --> 01:04:42,560 I PLAYED OUT THE WHOLE EVICTION 1715 01:04:42,560 --> 01:04:42,760 THING. 1716 01:04:42,760 --> 01:04:46,600 I STAYED AS LONG AS I COULD. 1717 01:04:46,600 --> 01:04:50,120 FURTHER DEEPENING HARDSHIP IS 1718 01:04:50,120 --> 01:04:50,960 THAT DISADVANTAGED ACCUMULATES, 1719 01:04:50,960 --> 01:04:53,080 MINOR BILLS BECOME MAJOR ONES 1720 01:04:53,080 --> 01:04:56,040 WHEN LATE FEES AND FINES ARE 1721 01:04:56,040 --> 01:04:58,240 ADDED, MAKING IT INCREASINGLY 1722 01:04:58,240 --> 01:05:00,080 DIFFICULT TO EXIT POVERTY. 1723 01:05:00,080 --> 01:05:01,760 THE CREDIT AGENCY TRIED TO MAKE 1724 01:05:01,760 --> 01:05:04,080 A SETTLEMENT WITH ME. 1725 01:05:04,080 --> 01:05:06,320 IF I PAID $1,300 UP FRONT, THEY 1726 01:05:06,320 --> 01:05:07,000 WOULD CANCEL IT. 1727 01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:14,000 WHERE AM I GOING TO GET THAT 1728 01:05:14,000 --> 01:05:14,320 FROM? 1729 01:05:14,320 --> 01:05:15,520 PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS HAVE 1730 01:05:15,520 --> 01:05:18,360 NOT BEEN GENEROUS OR WELCOMING 1731 01:05:18,360 --> 01:05:19,360 TO FEMALE-HEADED HOUSE HOLDS, 1732 01:05:19,360 --> 01:05:22,320 PARTICULARLY THOSE OF COLOR. 1733 01:05:22,320 --> 01:05:23,720 WELFARE REFORM FURTHER ERODED 1734 01:05:23,720 --> 01:05:28,680 ACCESS TO AND VALUE OF BENEFITS. 1735 01:05:28,680 --> 01:05:32,720 PRIOR TO TANF'S ENACTMENT IN 1736 01:05:32,720 --> 01:05:33,760 1986, 68 FAMILIES RECEIVED 1737 01:05:33,760 --> 01:05:37,120 ASSISTANCE FOR EVERY 100 IN 1738 01:05:37,120 --> 01:05:38,320 POVERTY. 1739 01:05:38,320 --> 01:05:40,200 BY 2020, 21 ELIGIBLE FAMILIES 1740 01:05:40,200 --> 01:05:42,400 RECEIVED TANF BENEFITS OUT OF 1741 01:05:42,400 --> 01:05:43,760 EVERY 100 POOR FAMILIES. 1742 01:05:43,760 --> 01:05:45,240 EQUALLY DAMAGING IS THE BENEFITS 1743 01:05:45,240 --> 01:05:50,320 ARE LOW AND DO NOT KEEP UP WITH 1744 01:05:50,320 --> 01:05:50,880 INFLATION. 1745 01:05:50,880 --> 01:05:53,720 THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT WOMEN'S 1746 01:05:53,720 --> 01:05:56,360 POVERTY CAN BE REDUCED, AND ONE 1747 01:05:56,360 --> 01:05:58,200 SOURCE OF LEARNING IS 1748 01:05:58,200 --> 01:05:59,360 INVESTMENTS MADE DURING THE 1749 01:05:59,360 --> 01:06:00,280 COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 1750 01:06:00,280 --> 01:06:02,040 FOR EXAMPLE, THE CENTER ON 1751 01:06:02,040 --> 01:06:05,320 BUDGET AND POLICY PRIORITIES 1752 01:06:05,320 --> 01:06:07,160 ESTIMATES THAT INCOME FROM 1753 01:06:07,160 --> 01:06:09,680 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE AND 1754 01:06:09,680 --> 01:06:11,600 ECONOMIC IMPACT PAYMENTS LIFTED 1755 01:06:11,600 --> 01:06:13,120 2020 INCOMES OF 17 MILLION 1756 01:06:13,120 --> 01:06:18,360 PEOPLE ABOVE THE POVERTY LINE. 1757 01:06:18,360 --> 01:06:19,440 CLEARLY SIGNIFICANT HARDSHIP 1758 01:06:19,440 --> 01:06:21,640 CONTINUES, MUCH, MUCH MORE WAS 1759 01:06:21,640 --> 01:06:24,400 AND IS NEEDED BUT INVESTING IN 1760 01:06:24,400 --> 01:06:26,120 ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS CAN REDUCE 1761 01:06:26,120 --> 01:06:26,680 POVERTY. 1762 01:06:26,680 --> 01:06:29,440 TO THE LEFT YOU SEE SOME 1763 01:06:29,440 --> 01:06:33,040 STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS, THAT 1764 01:06:33,040 --> 01:06:35,360 COULD REDUCE WOMEN'S POVERTY, 1765 01:06:35,360 --> 01:06:37,960 STRENGTHENING SAFETY NET 1766 01:06:37,960 --> 01:06:44,240 PROGRAMS, EXPANDING HOUSE, 1767 01:06:44,240 --> 01:06:45,000 PAYING SELF-SUFFICIENCY WAGES, 1768 01:06:45,000 --> 01:06:46,320 ENFORCING LEGAL PROTECTION, 1769 01:06:46,320 --> 01:06:48,600 VALUE AND COMPENSATING 1770 01:06:48,600 --> 01:06:50,160 CAREGIVING LABOR, ADOPTING JUST 1771 01:06:50,160 --> 01:06:54,520 PROGRAMS AND POLL SILLS THAT 1772 01:06:54,520 --> 01:06:56,840 ADDRESS STRUCTURAL RACISM, 1773 01:06:56,840 --> 01:07:04,280 CLASSISM, SEXISM, RATHER THAN 1774 01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:06,320 REINSCRIBE IT. 1775 01:07:06,320 --> 01:07:07,960 INTERSECTING STEREOTYPES ARE A 1776 01:07:07,960 --> 01:07:09,160 SIGNIFICANT BEARER TO ADOPTING 1777 01:07:09,160 --> 01:07:11,720 PROGRAMS AND POLICIES THAT COULD 1778 01:07:11,720 --> 01:07:13,000 REDUCE STRUCTURAL INEQUITIES. 1779 01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:15,400 IN OUR BOOK WE EXAMINE COMMON 1780 01:07:15,400 --> 01:07:18,400 MYTHS ABOUT POVERTY AND DEBUNK 1781 01:07:18,400 --> 01:07:18,600 THEM. 1782 01:07:18,600 --> 01:07:20,000 THIS IS A START. 1783 01:07:20,000 --> 01:07:21,880 WITH RESPECT TO THE HEALTH TREE 1784 01:07:21,880 --> 01:07:24,280 MODEL, WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT 1785 01:07:24,280 --> 01:07:28,560 HOW WE CAN CHANGE THE SOIL OR 1786 01:07:28,560 --> 01:07:34,880 IDEOLOGIES THAT NOURISH AND 1787 01:07:34,880 --> 01:07:35,360 LEGITIMIZE INEQUITIES. 1788 01:07:35,360 --> 01:07:40,040 I WANT TO CLOSE BY HIGHLIGHTING 1789 01:07:40,040 --> 01:07:41,280 COMMUNITY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH 1790 01:07:41,280 --> 01:07:43,360 PARTNERSHIPS AS ONE STRATEGY FOR 1791 01:07:43,360 --> 01:07:47,600 EXPOSING AND REDUCING STRUCTURAL 1792 01:07:47,600 --> 01:07:48,040 INEQUITIES. 1793 01:07:48,040 --> 01:07:49,560 THE IMPETUS WAS CONCERN ABOUT 1794 01:07:49,560 --> 01:07:52,400 HIGH RATES OF BEING UNDERBANKED, 1795 01:07:52,400 --> 01:07:54,640 UNBANKED, IN A LOWER INCOME AREA 1796 01:07:54,640 --> 01:07:55,920 OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. 1797 01:07:55,920 --> 01:07:58,560 TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THESE 1798 01:07:58,560 --> 01:08:00,520 EXPERIENCES, AND THEIR IMPACT, 1799 01:08:00,520 --> 01:08:03,400 WE EXAMINED LOW INCOME LATINA 1800 01:08:03,400 --> 01:08:05,120 MOTHERS EXPERIENCES WITH 1801 01:08:05,120 --> 01:08:08,320 MAINSTREAM AND ALTERNATIVE 1802 01:08:08,320 --> 01:08:13,240 FINANCIAL SERVICES. 1803 01:08:13,240 --> 01:08:14,520 WE MAPPED LOCATIONS OF FINANCIAL 1804 01:08:14,520 --> 01:08:17,080 SERVICE PROVIDERS IN CITIES OF 1805 01:08:17,080 --> 01:08:20,160 SANTA CRUZ AND WATSONVILLE, 1806 01:08:20,160 --> 01:08:21,040 CALIFORNIA, INCLUDING 1807 01:08:21,040 --> 01:08:23,760 TRADITIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, 1808 01:08:23,760 --> 01:08:25,520 SUCH AS BANKS AND CREDIT UNIONS 1809 01:08:25,520 --> 01:08:28,480 AND ALTERNATIVES SUCH AS PAY-DAY 1810 01:08:28,480 --> 01:08:29,960 LOANS, CHECK CASHING, MONEY 1811 01:08:29,960 --> 01:08:32,080 TRANSFER SERVICES, PAWN SHOPS. 1812 01:08:32,080 --> 01:08:35,040 WE ALSO CONDUCTED FOCUS GROUPS 1813 01:08:35,040 --> 01:08:40,760 WITH 108 LATINA MOTHERS ABOUT 1814 01:08:40,760 --> 01:08:42,480 THEIR FINANCIAL SERVICE USE. 1815 01:08:42,480 --> 01:08:46,120 THIS IS A LITTLE BIT HARD TO 1816 01:08:46,120 --> 01:08:53,680 TAKE IN BLUE REPRESENTS 1817 01:08:53,680 --> 01:08:55,280 MAINSTREAM, CORAL IS 1818 01:08:55,280 --> 01:08:55,560 ALTERNATIVE. 1819 01:08:55,560 --> 01:08:58,000 THE SIZE INDICATES THE NUMBER OF 1820 01:08:58,000 --> 01:09:00,640 SERVICES CONCENTRATED IN EACH 1821 01:09:00,640 --> 01:09:04,440 AREA. 1822 01:09:04,440 --> 01:09:07,000 WE FOUND THAT IN SANTA SCREWS, 1823 01:09:07,000 --> 01:09:11,080 FOR EVERY BANK OR CREDIT, YOU 1824 01:09:11,080 --> 01:09:14,960 KNOW, THERE WERE 1.5 1825 01:09:14,960 --> 01:09:15,520 ALTERNATIVES. 1826 01:09:15,520 --> 01:09:17,040 IN WATSONVILLE, WITH LARGER 1827 01:09:17,040 --> 01:09:25,360 NUMBER OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS 1828 01:09:25,360 --> 01:09:28,320 THERE WERE 3.2, THIS IS A 1829 01:09:28,320 --> 01:09:28,960 POWERFUL VISUALIZATION OF 1830 01:09:28,960 --> 01:09:30,600 DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO SERVICES 1831 01:09:30,600 --> 01:09:33,920 IN THE TWO AREAS, THAT MIRRORS 1832 01:09:33,920 --> 01:09:37,080 SIMILAR RESEARCH FINDINGS ACROSS 1833 01:09:37,080 --> 01:09:41,160 THE UNITED STATES, DOCUMENTING 1834 01:09:41,160 --> 01:09:44,200 RACIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUITIES. 1835 01:09:44,200 --> 01:09:46,120 OUR FOCUS GROUPS CONTEXTUALIZE 1836 01:09:46,120 --> 01:09:47,800 THESE FINDINGS. 1837 01:09:47,800 --> 01:09:49,960 ILLUMINATING BARRIERS AND 1838 01:09:49,960 --> 01:09:51,520 COMMUNITY ASSETS. 1839 01:09:51,520 --> 01:09:53,520 BARRIERS INCLUDED PUNITIVE FEES, 1840 01:09:53,520 --> 01:09:56,680 UNCLEAR POLICIES AND POOR 1841 01:09:56,680 --> 01:09:58,760 COMMUNICATION, INSTITUTIONAL 1842 01:09:58,760 --> 01:09:59,960 DISTRUST, LIMITED CULTURAL 1843 01:09:59,960 --> 01:10:02,920 COMPETENCE TO SUPPORT IMMIGRANT 1844 01:10:02,920 --> 01:10:04,200 POPULATIONS, INTERSECTING 1845 01:10:04,200 --> 01:10:06,000 GENDER, RACE, CLASS, 1846 01:10:06,000 --> 01:10:11,440 ANTI-IMMIGRATION BIAS, AND ASSET 1847 01:10:11,440 --> 01:10:13,600 LIMITS FOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, 1848 01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:15,280 POTENTIAL POINTS OF 1849 01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:15,640 INTERVENTION. 1850 01:10:15,640 --> 01:10:17,160 COMMUNITY ASSETS INCLUDED 1851 01:10:17,160 --> 01:10:21,520 WOMEN'S REJECTION OF DEFICIT 1852 01:10:21,520 --> 01:10:24,080 UNDERSTANDINGS OF POVERTY AND 1853 01:10:24,080 --> 01:10:25,040 MONEY MANAGEMENT, RELATIONAL 1854 01:10:25,040 --> 01:10:26,360 SUPPORT, COMMUNITY SERVICES AND 1855 01:10:26,360 --> 01:10:27,440 PROGRAMS. 1856 01:10:27,440 --> 01:10:33,360 WE SEE THESE ASSETS AS POINTS OF 1857 01:10:33,360 --> 01:10:36,120 CRITICAL RESISTANCE AND 1858 01:10:36,120 --> 01:10:36,400 OPPORTUNITY. 1859 01:10:36,400 --> 01:10:39,600 WE'VE LEVERAGED TO INFORM 1860 01:10:39,600 --> 01:10:41,240 PROGRAMMING AND RAISE COUNTYWIDE 1861 01:10:41,240 --> 01:10:42,000 AWARENESS OF PREDATORY SERVICES 1862 01:10:42,000 --> 01:10:51,880 AND IMPACT ON WOMEN AND 1863 01:10:51,880 --> 01:10:53,400 FAMILIES. 1864 01:10:53,400 --> 01:10:54,280 POVERTY UNDERMINES WOMEN'S 1865 01:10:54,280 --> 01:10:56,120 HEALTH AND WELL BEING. 1866 01:10:56,120 --> 01:10:59,720 THERE ARE MANY DIRECTIONS FOR 1867 01:10:59,720 --> 01:11:01,040 FUTURE RESEARCH. 1868 01:11:01,040 --> 01:11:01,800 INTERSECTIONAL RESEARCH IN AND 1869 01:11:01,800 --> 01:11:05,400 OUT OF POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS 1870 01:11:05,400 --> 01:11:06,160 ARE ESSENTIAL, PARTICULARLY 1871 01:11:06,160 --> 01:11:07,360 PATHWAYS OUT OF HOMELESSNESS AND 1872 01:11:07,360 --> 01:11:10,600 POVERTY WHICH I THINK ARE OFTEN 1873 01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:11,200 NEGLECTED. 1874 01:11:11,200 --> 01:11:12,400 WE NEED INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSES 1875 01:11:12,400 --> 01:11:14,000 OF HEALTH AND WELL-BEING THAT 1876 01:11:14,000 --> 01:11:16,840 APPROACH WOMEN'S LIVES AND 1877 01:11:16,840 --> 01:11:18,160 EXPERIENCES HOLISTICALLY, 1878 01:11:18,160 --> 01:11:20,000 INCLUDING THEIR ECONOMIC STATUS, 1879 01:11:20,000 --> 01:11:22,800 AND WE NEED INTERSECTIONAL 1880 01:11:22,800 --> 01:11:25,480 ANALYSES OF EXPERIENCES AND 1881 01:11:25,480 --> 01:11:27,360 IMPACT OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS 1882 01:11:27,360 --> 01:11:29,680 AT ALL LEVELS, INCLUDING 1883 01:11:29,680 --> 01:11:30,160 LOCALLY. 1884 01:11:30,160 --> 01:11:31,040 AND PARTNERSHIPS ARE ESSENTIAL 1885 01:11:31,040 --> 01:11:37,120 AND CAN HELP RESEARCH HAVE AN 1886 01:11:37,120 --> 01:11:37,480 IMPACT. 1887 01:11:37,480 --> 01:11:38,320 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1888 01:11:38,320 --> 01:11:39,520 I'LL STOP HERE. 1889 01:11:39,520 --> 01:11:43,800 I LOOK FORWARD TO OUR 1890 01:11:43,800 --> 01:11:45,840 CONVERSATION. 1891 01:11:45,840 --> 01:11:46,640 >>FANTASTIC. 1892 01:11:46,640 --> 01:11:50,840 THANK YOU SO MUCH, DR. BULLOCK. 1893 01:11:50,840 --> 01:11:53,840 I DON'T CURRENTLY SEE QUESTIONS 1894 01:11:53,840 --> 01:11:55,480 IN OUR LINEUP SO I'M GOING TO 1895 01:11:55,480 --> 01:11:58,360 THROW OUT A FEW THINGS THAT THE 1896 01:11:58,360 --> 01:12:00,760 PANELISTS I HOPE CAN SPEAK TO 1897 01:12:00,760 --> 01:12:01,080 TOGETHER. 1898 01:12:01,080 --> 01:12:03,840 I'LL JUST NOTE THAT A FEW OF THE 1899 01:12:03,840 --> 01:12:06,320 THEMES THAT CAME OUT AND ITEMS 1900 01:12:06,320 --> 01:12:09,280 THAT WERE REALLY INTRIGUING TO 1901 01:12:09,280 --> 01:12:13,920 ME, IN THE CONCRETE 1902 01:12:13,920 --> 01:12:15,640 PRESENTATIONS WE HAD SPECIFIC 1903 01:12:15,640 --> 01:12:17,080 EXAMINATION OF STATE LEVEL 1904 01:12:17,080 --> 01:12:22,840 POLICIES AND LOOKING AT THEM 1905 01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:24,640 ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF 1906 01:12:24,640 --> 01:12:26,480 APPROACHES THAT STATES HAVE MADE 1907 01:12:26,480 --> 01:12:28,000 TOWARDS IMMIGRATION AS AN 1908 01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:30,080 EXAMPLE THAT I REALLY LIKED WHAT 1909 01:12:30,080 --> 01:12:35,000 YOU DID WITH THAT, DR. SAMARI, 1910 01:12:35,000 --> 01:12:38,320 AND YOUR FINDINGS WERE 1911 01:12:38,320 --> 01:12:39,280 INTERESTING AND TROUBLING. 1912 01:12:39,280 --> 01:12:41,040 I WOULD LOVE TO INVITE YOU TO 1913 01:12:41,040 --> 01:12:42,400 SPEAK MORE ABOUT THAT, IF WE 1914 01:12:42,400 --> 01:12:47,280 HAVE SOME TIME, IN TERMS OF YOU 1915 01:12:47,280 --> 01:12:49,760 FOUND A PARADOXICALLY 1916 01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:51,320 CORRELATION WHERE THE MORE 1917 01:12:51,320 --> 01:12:55,480 INCLUSIVE AND LESS EXCLUSIVE 1918 01:12:55,480 --> 01:12:56,120 POLICIES WERE ACTUALLY 1919 01:12:56,120 --> 01:12:57,240 ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE OUTCOMES 1920 01:12:57,240 --> 01:12:58,840 AND I WONDERS IF I COULD ASK YOU 1921 01:12:58,840 --> 01:13:02,400 TO SPEAK TO A FEW THINGS ABOUT 1922 01:13:02,400 --> 01:13:02,800 THAT. 1923 01:13:02,800 --> 01:13:04,280 BEFORE WE GET THERE I WANT TO 1924 01:13:04,280 --> 01:13:05,880 NOTE OTHER THINGS THAT MAYBE WE 1925 01:13:05,880 --> 01:13:14,040 CAN TIE IN SOME PIECES TOGETHER. 1926 01:13:14,040 --> 01:13:16,120 DR. GRIFFITH BROUGHT OUR 1927 01:13:16,120 --> 01:13:19,280 ATTENTION TO THINKING ABOUT 1928 01:13:19,280 --> 01:13:20,240 INTERSECTIONALITY IN A FINER 1929 01:13:20,240 --> 01:13:22,480 GRAINED WAY, INSTEAD OF THINKING 1930 01:13:22,480 --> 01:13:25,320 ABOUT THE WAY INTERLOCKING 1931 01:13:25,320 --> 01:13:30,280 SOCIAL STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS 1932 01:13:30,280 --> 01:13:34,840 CO-DEFINE EACH OTHER OR SPECIFY 1933 01:13:34,840 --> 01:13:36,400 THE PARTICULAR EXPERIENCES AND 1934 01:13:36,400 --> 01:13:37,360 PRESSURES AND MATERIAL REALITIES 1935 01:13:37,360 --> 01:13:42,880 AND RESOURCES OF PEOPLE THAT 1936 01:13:42,880 --> 01:13:44,400 INHABIT PARTICULAR 1937 01:13:44,400 --> 01:13:47,880 INTERSECTIONS, HE REMINDED US OF 1938 01:13:47,880 --> 01:13:55,880 KIMBERLY RENNE KIMBERLE 1939 01:13:55,880 --> 01:13:56,360 CRENSHAW'S STRUCTURAL 1940 01:13:56,360 --> 01:13:57,400 INTERSECTIONALITY, WONDERING IF 1941 01:13:57,400 --> 01:14:01,200 THE OTHER TWO PANELISTS COULD 1942 01:14:01,200 --> 01:14:06,400 BREAK APART SOME ANNUAL EAST AND 1943 01:14:06,400 --> 01:14:08,360 -- ANALYSES AFFECTING THE HEALTH 1944 01:14:08,360 --> 01:14:11,720 OUTCOMES YOU'RE ENGAGING WITH IN 1945 01:14:11,720 --> 01:14:20,920 THOSE THREE WAYS, STRUCTURAL, 1946 01:14:20,920 --> 01:14:21,720 POLITICAL, REPRESENTATIONAL. 1947 01:14:21,720 --> 01:14:23,240 I'LL STOP THERE. 1948 01:14:23,240 --> 01:14:27,320 THERE'S A LOT ON THE TABLE BUT I 1949 01:14:27,320 --> 01:14:29,440 WANT TO LEAVE ROOM. 1950 01:14:29,440 --> 01:14:31,320 COULD WE BEGIN WITH EXPLORING A 1951 01:14:31,320 --> 01:14:32,520 LITTLE MORE DEEPLY THAT 1952 01:14:32,520 --> 01:14:34,760 RELATIONSHIP THAT YOU FOUND, DR. 1953 01:14:34,760 --> 01:14:35,040 SAMARI? 1954 01:14:35,040 --> 01:14:35,680 >>YEAH, SURE. 1955 01:14:35,680 --> 01:14:37,840 IT'S INTERESTING IN TERMS OF 1956 01:14:37,840 --> 01:14:40,640 PRENATAL CARE, WE'RE OBSERVING 1957 01:14:40,640 --> 01:14:47,640 WHAT WE WOULD EXPECT, BETTER 1958 01:14:47,640 --> 01:14:49,360 PRENATAL CARE IN INCLUSIONARY 1959 01:14:49,360 --> 01:14:49,680 ENVIRONMENTS. 1960 01:14:49,680 --> 01:14:50,600 BIRTH OUTCOMES, IT'S IMPORTANT 1961 01:14:50,600 --> 01:14:52,680 TO NOTE MOST OF THE RESEARCH ON 1962 01:14:52,680 --> 01:14:54,840 BIRTH OUTCOMES THAT HAS LOOKED 1963 01:14:54,840 --> 01:14:57,560 AT ACUTE SHOCKS OR POLICIES 1964 01:14:57,560 --> 01:15:02,960 BEING PASSED, BIRTH OUTCOMES, 1965 01:15:02,960 --> 01:15:05,800 IT'S CROSS-SEXUAL, MY OWN WORK, 1966 01:15:05,800 --> 01:15:07,720 MUSLIM BAN AND IMPACT ON WOMEN 1967 01:15:07,720 --> 01:15:10,200 FROM THE BANNED COUNTRIES IN THE 1968 01:15:10,200 --> 01:15:15,560 U.S., 6.8% INCREASE IN PRE-TERM 1969 01:15:15,560 --> 01:15:16,240 BIRTH. 1970 01:15:16,240 --> 01:15:17,920 BUT IT'S ONE POLICY, ONE EVENT, 1971 01:15:17,920 --> 01:15:19,320 AND THE OUTCOME. 1972 01:15:19,320 --> 01:15:23,800 USING THE INDEX TO LOOK AT BIRTH 1973 01:15:23,800 --> 01:15:25,840 OUTCOMES, TEN YEARS OF 1974 01:15:25,840 --> 01:15:26,720 IMMIGRATION POLICIES, 14 1975 01:15:26,720 --> 01:15:27,600 IMMIGRATION POLICIES AT STATE 1976 01:15:27,600 --> 01:15:29,560 LEVEL ALL SORT OF CHANGING AND 1977 01:15:29,560 --> 01:15:32,200 MOVING AND BEING ENACTED SO THE 1978 01:15:32,200 --> 01:15:35,280 SAME STATE THAT TAKES ON TWO 1979 01:15:35,280 --> 01:15:37,040 EXCLUSIONARY POLICIES COULD ALSO 1980 01:15:37,040 --> 01:15:39,320 BE PASSING A POLICY THAT'S 1981 01:15:39,320 --> 01:15:41,280 INCLUSIONARY, SO IT BRINGS UP 1982 01:15:41,280 --> 01:15:43,920 THE QUESTION ABOUT WHAT IS 1983 01:15:43,920 --> 01:15:46,320 CREATING THE CLIMATE OR HOW IS 1984 01:15:46,320 --> 01:15:49,040 THE CLIMATE, IMMIGRATION POLICY 1985 01:15:49,040 --> 01:15:50,040 CLIMATE, EXPERIENCED FOR 1986 01:15:50,040 --> 01:15:51,480 IMMIGRANT WOMEN SHOULD CERTAIN 1987 01:15:51,480 --> 01:15:53,560 POLICIES HAVE MORE WEIGHT THAN 1988 01:15:53,560 --> 01:15:55,200 OTHERS, AND THINGS OF THAT 1989 01:15:55,200 --> 01:15:55,520 NATURE. 1990 01:15:55,520 --> 01:15:57,520 ALSO BRINGS UP THIS OTHER PIECE 1991 01:15:57,520 --> 01:15:59,560 WHICH IS THAT IMMIGRANTS STILL 1992 01:15:59,560 --> 01:16:01,120 HAVE AGENCY AND CHOOSE WHERE TO 1993 01:16:01,120 --> 01:16:04,080 LIVE AND WE KNOW THERE'S NOT AN 1994 01:16:04,080 --> 01:16:05,760 EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANT 1995 01:16:05,760 --> 01:16:07,440 COMMUNITIES ACROSS STATES IN THE 1996 01:16:07,440 --> 01:16:09,640 UNITED STATES, WE KNOW THAT 1997 01:16:09,640 --> 01:16:11,040 IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES OFTEN GO 1998 01:16:11,040 --> 01:16:12,400 WHERE THEY HAVE FRIENDS OR 1999 01:16:12,400 --> 01:16:15,440 FAMILY AND THERE IS A SELECTION 2000 01:16:15,440 --> 01:16:19,320 ISSUE TO STATES AND TO STATES 2001 01:16:19,320 --> 01:16:20,800 THAT HAVE INCLUSIONARY CLIMATE. 2002 01:16:20,800 --> 01:16:22,240 THAT'S HAPPENING IN THE 2003 01:16:22,240 --> 01:16:24,080 BACKGROUND AS WE TRY TO DO THIS 2004 01:16:24,080 --> 01:16:24,600 ANALYSIS. 2005 01:16:24,600 --> 01:16:26,080 AND THEN THE OTHER PIECE THAT I 2006 01:16:26,080 --> 01:16:28,240 THINK IS RELEVANT IS THAT WE'VE 2007 01:16:28,240 --> 01:16:30,200 SEEN A CHANGE IN FERTILITY RATE 2008 01:16:30,200 --> 01:16:34,360 IN THE LAST 10 YEARS, 2009 01:16:34,360 --> 01:16:37,120 PARTICULARLY AMONG LATINX 2010 01:16:37,120 --> 01:16:37,760 COMMUNITIES AND ADOLESCENT 2011 01:16:37,760 --> 01:16:42,360 FERTILITY AND SO THE CHANGING 2012 01:16:42,360 --> 01:16:45,880 FERTILITY AS A BACKDROP, THERE'S 2013 01:16:45,880 --> 01:16:49,480 A LOT OF DIFFERENT SORT OF 2014 01:16:49,480 --> 01:16:51,240 PIECES TO THIS AND I THINK IT'S 2015 01:16:51,240 --> 01:16:53,200 TOO EARLY TO SAY THAT WE'VE 2016 01:16:53,200 --> 01:16:54,480 ABSOLUTELY SEEN THE INVERSE AND 2017 01:16:54,480 --> 01:16:55,400 THAT'S IT. 2018 01:16:55,400 --> 01:16:58,680 IT JUST IS A STARTING POINT TO 2019 01:16:58,680 --> 01:17:01,080 EXPLORE AND THINK ABOUT SOME 2020 01:17:01,080 --> 01:17:02,760 SEQUENTIAL MODELING METHODS, AND 2021 01:17:02,760 --> 01:17:04,280 TO THINK ABOUT, YOU KNOW, IT 2022 01:17:04,280 --> 01:17:05,680 COULD BE THE INVERSE AND COULD 2023 01:17:05,680 --> 01:17:07,200 BE A SELECTION ISSUE COMPLETELY 2024 01:17:07,200 --> 01:17:09,520 BUT WE JUST DON'T WANT TO SPEAK 2025 01:17:09,520 --> 01:17:11,480 ON IT QUITE YET. 2026 01:17:11,480 --> 01:17:13,560 DEFINITELY IT'S A COMPLICATED 2027 01:17:13,560 --> 01:17:15,720 STORY, BRINGS UP OTHER ASPECT OF 2028 01:17:15,720 --> 01:17:18,040 IMMIGRANT LIVES. 2029 01:17:18,040 --> 01:17:19,440 >>THANK YOU. 2030 01:17:19,440 --> 01:17:22,200 I CAN'T HELP THINKING ABOUT YOUR 2031 01:17:22,200 --> 01:17:23,840 FOCUS, IN PART, YOUR OWN 2032 01:17:23,840 --> 01:17:26,880 RESEARCH INTERESTS AND WHERE YOU 2033 01:17:26,880 --> 01:17:28,760 ARE INSTITUTIONALLY, REALLY IN 2034 01:17:28,760 --> 01:17:30,840 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES 2035 01:17:30,840 --> 01:17:31,920 BROADLY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, 2036 01:17:31,920 --> 01:17:41,480 I CAN'T HELP BUT WONDERING HOW 2037 01:17:41,480 --> 01:17:43,120 GIVEN THE VARIEGATION YOU MAY 2038 01:17:43,120 --> 01:17:45,320 NOT SEE PATTERNS IF YOU'RE 2039 01:17:45,320 --> 01:17:47,360 LOOKING AT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2040 01:17:47,360 --> 01:17:49,760 OUTCOMES, OTHER THINGS, IT'S A 2041 01:17:49,760 --> 01:17:51,160 FANTASTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM, I 2042 01:17:51,160 --> 01:17:53,600 APPRECIATE YOU TAKING THAT 2043 01:17:53,600 --> 01:17:55,160 QUESTION MORE DEEPLY. 2044 01:17:55,160 --> 01:17:58,000 WE HAVE SEVERAL OTHER QUESTIONS, 2045 01:17:58,000 --> 01:18:03,120 I'LL START WITH ONE FOR DR. 2046 01:18:03,120 --> 01:18:03,360 BULLOCK. 2047 01:18:03,360 --> 01:18:06,520 YOUR TALK HIGHLIGHTED WAYS THE 2048 01:18:06,520 --> 01:18:08,800 SAFETY NET PROGRAM AND PROGRAMS 2049 01:18:08,800 --> 01:18:12,640 WITH STRUCTURED BY SEXISM AND 2050 01:18:12,640 --> 01:18:12,960 RACISM. 2051 01:18:12,960 --> 01:18:15,720 IF YOU ENCOUNTERED PROGRAMS THAT 2052 01:18:15,720 --> 01:18:16,720 INTERVENE IN THIS CYCLE? 2053 01:18:16,720 --> 01:18:22,640 AND IF SO WHAT ARE SOME KEY 2054 01:18:22,640 --> 01:18:25,400 LEVERAGE POINTS? 2055 01:18:25,400 --> 01:18:28,320 >>THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 2056 01:18:28,320 --> 01:18:34,080 WE ARE VERY FAR FROM ADOPTING 2057 01:18:34,080 --> 01:18:38,480 PROGRAMS ON A LARGE SCALE BUT I 2058 01:18:38,480 --> 01:18:40,880 THINK PROGRAMS THAT PROVIDE 2059 01:18:40,880 --> 01:18:47,040 UNIVERSAL BENEFITS AT LEAST 2060 01:18:47,040 --> 01:18:47,920 INTERRUPT STIGMATIZING ELEMENTS. 2061 01:18:47,920 --> 01:18:51,320 YOU MIGHT THINK ABOUT GUARANTEED 2062 01:18:51,320 --> 01:18:54,080 INCOME, OR BASIC INCOME, WHICH I 2063 01:18:54,080 --> 01:18:57,600 THINK IS GAINING SOME TRACTION, 2064 01:18:57,600 --> 01:18:58,640 AMAZING DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS 2065 01:18:58,640 --> 01:19:02,600 GOING ON. 2066 01:19:02,600 --> 01:19:05,000 , ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AND 2067 01:19:05,000 --> 01:19:08,280 OTHER COUNTRIES SHOWING POSITIVE 2068 01:19:08,280 --> 01:19:09,280 BENEFITS. 2069 01:19:09,280 --> 01:19:11,040 YOU MIGHT THINK OF UNIVERSAL 2070 01:19:11,040 --> 01:19:13,760 SCHOOL LUNCH, AND OTHER 2071 01:19:13,760 --> 01:19:17,960 PROGRAMS, WHICH ARE PROVIDING 2072 01:19:17,960 --> 01:19:20,560 MEALS TO ALL CHILDREN OR 2073 01:19:20,560 --> 01:19:21,000 STUDENTS. 2074 01:19:21,000 --> 01:19:23,200 YOU KNOW, REGARDLESS OF THEIR 2075 01:19:23,200 --> 01:19:25,520 INCOME STATUS OR ANY OTHER 2076 01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:26,360 CHARACTERISTICS. 2077 01:19:26,360 --> 01:19:30,760 SO, I DO THINK THAT THERE ARE 2078 01:19:30,760 --> 01:19:32,200 SOME PROGRAMS THAT CAN PUSH 2079 01:19:32,200 --> 01:19:34,360 AGAINST AND CREATE A MORE 2080 01:19:34,360 --> 01:19:35,880 INCLUSIVE SAFETY NET, SOME OF 2081 01:19:35,880 --> 01:19:36,960 THOSE ARE UNIVERSAL. 2082 01:19:36,960 --> 01:19:38,520 AND I THINK A STRENGTH OF THOSE 2083 01:19:38,520 --> 01:19:42,640 IS THAT THEY DON'T ACTIVATE SOME 2084 01:19:42,640 --> 01:19:44,240 OF THE SAME STEREOTYPES. 2085 01:19:44,240 --> 01:19:45,200 >>YEAH, THANK YOU. 2086 01:19:45,200 --> 01:19:49,080 THAT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE. 2087 01:19:49,080 --> 01:19:51,640 WE HAVE BOTH A SPECIFIC QUESTION 2088 01:19:51,640 --> 01:19:52,880 FOR DR. GRIFFITH AND A FINAL 2089 01:19:52,880 --> 01:19:56,120 QUESTION IF WE HAVE A MINUTE 2090 01:19:56,120 --> 01:19:57,520 LEFT FOR EVERYBODY. 2091 01:19:57,520 --> 01:19:59,920 DR. GRIFFITH, WHAT ARE SOME 2092 01:19:59,920 --> 01:20:01,000 INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES TO 2093 01:20:01,000 --> 01:20:03,720 COUNTER THE GENDER NORMS OF 2094 01:20:03,720 --> 01:20:05,320 MASCULINITY AND OTHER BARRIERS 2095 01:20:05,320 --> 01:20:08,560 FOR MEN INCLUDING OF COURSE 2096 01:20:08,560 --> 01:20:11,280 STRUCTURAL RACISM THAT CAN 2097 01:20:11,280 --> 01:20:15,120 PROMOTE HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIORS 2098 01:20:15,120 --> 01:20:16,120 FOR MEN? 2099 01:20:16,120 --> 01:20:17,440 >>I'LL SPEAK TO ONE ABOUT A 2100 01:20:17,440 --> 01:20:22,320 YEAR AGO, I WORKED WITH THE 2101 01:20:22,320 --> 01:20:24,160 NOVEMBER FOUNDATION TO A 2102 01:20:24,160 --> 01:20:25,920 PROGRAM, ROOTED AND RISING 2103 01:20:25,920 --> 01:20:28,480 COLLECTIVE, WORKING WITH THEM TO 2104 01:20:28,480 --> 01:20:30,680 DEVELOP SOME MATERIAL AROUND 2105 01:20:30,680 --> 01:20:32,760 MEANT WELL-BEING FOR YOUNG BLACK 2106 01:20:32,760 --> 01:20:34,840 MEN, 18-25, A WAY TO TRY TO 2107 01:20:34,840 --> 01:20:39,760 THINK ABOUT THE WAYS TO 2108 01:20:39,760 --> 01:20:40,520 INTERVENE ON HIGH RATES OF 2109 01:20:40,520 --> 01:20:41,960 SUICIDE AND MENTAL HEALTH IN 2110 01:20:41,960 --> 01:20:43,200 THAT POPULATION. 2111 01:20:43,200 --> 01:20:46,000 WE WORKED TO IDENTIFY A GROUP 2112 01:20:46,000 --> 01:20:47,840 OF -- A PILOT STUDY -- A GROUP 2113 01:20:47,840 --> 01:20:50,240 OF 10 SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS 2114 01:20:50,240 --> 01:20:53,240 IN THE L.A. AREA WHO ALREADY HAD 2115 01:20:53,240 --> 01:20:54,760 A STRONG FOLLOWING SO 2116 01:20:54,760 --> 01:20:55,640 COLLECTIVELY THEY HAD A SOCIAL 2117 01:20:55,640 --> 01:20:56,680 MEDIA FOLLOWING OF ABOUT A 2118 01:20:56,680 --> 01:20:58,480 MILLION AND A HALF PEOPLE. 2119 01:20:58,480 --> 01:21:01,760 SO THE JOB WAS BASICALLY GO IN 2120 01:21:01,760 --> 01:21:04,160 AND HOW DO WE INFUSE HEALTH 2121 01:21:04,160 --> 01:21:06,360 PROMOTION MESSAGES, MENTAL 2122 01:21:06,360 --> 01:21:07,480 HEALTH WELL-BEING MESSAGES IN 2123 01:21:07,480 --> 01:21:10,000 THEIR WORK, AND SO HOW DO WE 2124 01:21:10,000 --> 01:21:12,000 HELP THEM IN THEIR LIVES AS WELL 2125 01:21:12,000 --> 01:21:16,600 AS TO ALSO HELP STRENGTHEN THEIR 2126 01:21:16,600 --> 01:21:17,120 BUSINESS. 2127 01:21:17,120 --> 01:21:18,240 WE HAD A PROFESSIONAL WHOSE JOB 2128 01:21:18,240 --> 01:21:19,960 IT WAS TO HELP THEM WITH THE 2129 01:21:19,960 --> 01:21:20,720 BUSINESS SIDE, MY JOB TO HELP 2130 01:21:20,720 --> 01:21:22,880 THEM WITH THE MENTAL HEALTH AND 2131 01:21:22,880 --> 01:21:26,520 WELL-BEING SIDE, AND WE FOUND 2132 01:21:26,520 --> 01:21:28,160 THAT IT WAS ACTUALLY -- IT WAS 2133 01:21:28,160 --> 01:21:30,720 EFFECTIVE IN THE SENSE THAT IT 2134 01:21:30,720 --> 01:21:33,640 HELPED TO INCREASE THE 2135 01:21:33,640 --> 01:21:34,840 RELATABILITY OF THE ART, THE 2136 01:21:34,840 --> 01:21:37,600 PIECES THEY PUT OUT WHERE THEY 2137 01:21:37,600 --> 01:21:39,000 INCLUDED THAT CONTENT, NOT ONLY 2138 01:21:39,000 --> 01:21:41,560 DID THEY GET MORE VIEWS, THEY 2139 01:21:41,560 --> 01:21:43,960 WERE SEEMING TO -- PEOPLE SAID 2140 01:21:43,960 --> 01:21:45,040 THE SELF-REPORTED CHANGES THAT 2141 01:21:45,040 --> 01:21:46,600 WERE THERE FOR THE PARTICULAR 2142 01:21:46,600 --> 01:21:50,000 POPULATION AS WELL AS YOUNG MEN 2143 01:21:50,000 --> 01:21:51,280 SAID THEY ALSO THEIR BEHAVIOR 2144 01:21:51,280 --> 01:21:51,840 WAS CHANGING. 2145 01:21:51,840 --> 01:21:53,600 SO THOSE ARE THE KINDS OF THINGS 2146 01:21:53,600 --> 01:21:57,520 THAT I THINK WE CAN DO IS TO 2147 01:21:57,520 --> 01:21:58,640 UTILIZE THOSE UBIQUITOUS SPACES 2148 01:21:58,640 --> 01:21:59,920 TO ADDRESS THOSE BECAUSE WE HAVE 2149 01:21:59,920 --> 01:22:01,880 TO ADDRESS IT AS A NORMATIVE 2150 01:22:01,880 --> 01:22:03,480 LEVEL AND HELP PEOPLE TO MAKE 2151 01:22:03,480 --> 01:22:04,320 SOME OF THE INDIVIDUAL CHANGES 2152 01:22:04,320 --> 01:22:07,800 WITH SOME OF THE AGENCY THAT DR. 2153 01:22:07,800 --> 01:22:10,720 SAMARI AND OTHERS TALKED ABOUT. 2154 01:22:10,720 --> 01:22:12,280 >>THANK YOU, GREAT EXAMPLE. 2155 01:22:12,280 --> 01:22:15,960 WE DO HAVE A FEW MINUTES TO 2156 01:22:15,960 --> 01:22:19,160 MAYBE JUST GET SOME FINAL 2157 01:22:19,160 --> 01:22:21,400 COMMENTS FROM EACH PANELIST. 2158 01:22:21,400 --> 01:22:28,760 MAYBE I HAVE A ANOTHER -- NO, 2159 01:22:28,760 --> 01:22:29,760 WE'RE FINE. 2160 01:22:29,760 --> 01:22:30,880 THIS WHOLE PANEL HELPED 2161 01:22:30,880 --> 01:22:32,840 ILLUSTRATE AND PUT SOME REAL 2162 01:22:32,840 --> 01:22:34,560 TEXT HERE ON THE OBSERVATION 2163 01:22:34,560 --> 01:22:37,280 THAT GENDER IS NOT A 2164 01:22:37,280 --> 01:22:38,920 ONE-DIMENSIONAL HIERARCHY, AND 2165 01:22:38,920 --> 01:22:40,920 INSTEAD IT'S A SET OF SOCIAL 2166 01:22:40,920 --> 01:22:43,400 PROCESSES THAT ARE ALWAYS 2167 01:22:43,400 --> 01:22:45,760 EVOLVING AND CHANGING THAT ARE 2168 01:22:45,760 --> 01:22:47,160 DISTRIBUTED UNEVENLY, EVEN THE 2169 01:22:47,160 --> 01:22:48,920 SOCIAL PROCESS OF GENDER 2170 01:22:48,920 --> 01:22:50,000 THEMSELVES ARE UNEVENLY 2171 01:22:50,000 --> 01:22:51,520 DISTRIBUTED ACROSS POPULATIONS 2172 01:22:51,520 --> 01:22:55,720 AND THEN THE CONTENT OF THOSE 2173 01:22:55,720 --> 01:22:57,880 PROCESSES IS CO-DETERMINED WITH 2174 01:22:57,880 --> 01:22:59,000 OTHER HIERARCHIES, MOVING ALONG, 2175 01:22:59,000 --> 01:22:59,280 RIGHT? 2176 01:22:59,280 --> 01:23:01,920 AND THIS PANEL MADE THAT SO 2177 01:23:01,920 --> 01:23:02,160 CLEAR. 2178 01:23:02,160 --> 01:23:04,240 SO, IF WE ARE MOVING TOWARDS 2179 01:23:04,240 --> 01:23:07,280 THINKING OF GENDER IN THIS WAY 2180 01:23:07,280 --> 01:23:10,800 AS NOT THIS ONE-DIMENSIONAL 2181 01:23:10,800 --> 01:23:13,640 HIERARCHY BUT AS THESE EMERGENT 2182 01:23:13,640 --> 01:23:17,360 POSITIONS THAT ARE GENERATED BY 2183 01:23:17,360 --> 01:23:20,000 MULTIPLE EVOLVING SYSTEMS, THAT 2184 01:23:20,000 --> 01:23:21,640 GENERATE SPECIFIC VULNERABILITY 2185 01:23:21,640 --> 01:23:23,840 AND SO ON, I WONDER WHAT WOULD 2186 01:23:23,840 --> 01:23:26,160 HAPPEN IN EACH OF YOUR RESEARCH 2187 01:23:26,160 --> 01:23:29,200 AREAS, WHAT INSIGHT COULD YOU 2188 01:23:29,200 --> 01:23:34,360 GIVE US ABOUT THIS ONE 2189 01:23:34,360 --> 01:23:35,880 COMPLICATION, TO THINK ABOUT 2190 01:23:35,880 --> 01:23:37,400 GENDER -- THE GENDER SPECTRUM 2191 01:23:37,400 --> 01:23:39,280 ITSELF AND QUESTIONS IN 2192 01:23:39,280 --> 01:23:40,480 PARTICULAR OF GENDER 2193 01:23:40,480 --> 01:23:42,480 NON-CONFORMITY AND THE 2194 01:23:42,480 --> 01:23:44,000 ENFORCEMENT OF GENDERED NORMS IN 2195 01:23:44,000 --> 01:23:45,640 EACH OF YOUR DOMAINS THAT YOU'VE 2196 01:23:45,640 --> 01:23:49,480 WORKED WITH. 2197 01:23:49,480 --> 01:23:53,720 HOW DO YOU SEE, DR. SAMARI, HOW 2198 01:23:53,720 --> 01:23:55,560 THAT MIGHT AFFECT THINGS IN THE 2199 01:23:55,560 --> 01:23:56,760 REALM OF IMMIGRATION, DR. 2200 01:23:56,760 --> 01:24:00,360 BULLOCK, HOW IS THAT INVOLVED IN 2201 01:24:00,360 --> 01:24:02,720 POVERTY, DR. GRIFFITH IN 2202 01:24:02,720 --> 01:24:04,920 PARTICULAR SOME INSIGHTS IN 2203 01:24:04,920 --> 01:24:05,880 MEN'S HEALTH. 2204 01:24:05,880 --> 01:24:12,880 FOR YEARS AND YEARS, I DID 2205 01:24:12,880 --> 01:24:17,160 RESEARCH, IN HARM REDUCTION, AND 2206 01:24:17,160 --> 01:24:17,840 VULNERABILITIES PARTICULARLY 2207 01:24:17,840 --> 01:24:20,280 WITH INJECTION DRUG USERS AND 2208 01:24:20,280 --> 01:24:20,800 STREET-BASED SEX WORKERS. 2209 01:24:20,800 --> 01:24:23,120 WHAT WE FOUND OVER AND OVER 2210 01:24:23,120 --> 01:24:25,400 AGAIN WAS THAT GENDER 2211 01:24:25,400 --> 01:24:26,360 NON-CONFORMITY AMPLIFIED THE 2212 01:24:26,360 --> 01:24:28,680 RISKS THAT PEOPLE FACED IN EVERY 2213 01:24:28,680 --> 01:24:31,160 SINGLE DOMAIN OF STREET LIFE. 2214 01:24:31,160 --> 01:24:32,720 SO, I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR WHAT 2215 01:24:32,720 --> 01:24:34,600 YOUR THOUGHTS ARE FOR EACH OF 2216 01:24:34,600 --> 01:24:36,320 YOUR OWN RESEARCH AREAS. 2217 01:24:36,320 --> 01:24:38,200 DR. SAMARI, WOULD YOU LIKE TO 2218 01:24:38,200 --> 01:24:38,400 START? 2219 01:24:38,400 --> 01:24:42,040 >>SURE, I'LL GIVE IT A TRY. 2220 01:24:42,040 --> 01:24:47,280 I'M STRUCK BY EARLIER IN THE DAY 2221 01:24:47,280 --> 01:24:53,840 WE HEARD DR. HELMAN SPEAK, I'VE 2222 01:24:53,840 --> 01:24:55,800 ENGAGED IN WORKS THAT GETS AT 2223 01:24:55,800 --> 01:25:00,400 THE SEXISM PIECE BUT NOT GENDER 2224 01:25:00,400 --> 01:25:04,400 AND GENDER NON-CONFORMITY, 2225 01:25:04,400 --> 01:25:06,480 WE'VE HEARD ABOUT 2226 01:25:06,480 --> 01:25:07,120 INTERSECTIONALITY AND DIFFERENT 2227 01:25:07,120 --> 01:25:10,640 FRAMEWORKS, ALL REALLY TRYING TO 2228 01:25:10,640 --> 01:25:11,640 ELEVATE KIMBERLE CRENSHAW'S WORK 2229 01:25:11,640 --> 01:25:15,120 BUT I THINK WE NEED PARTICULARLY 2230 01:25:15,120 --> 01:25:16,560 IN MY STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENT 2231 01:25:16,560 --> 01:25:22,360 SPACE, I'M THINKING ABOUT HOW TO 2232 01:25:22,360 --> 01:25:23,440 SORT OF CRITICALLY INTEGRATE 2233 01:25:23,440 --> 01:25:26,520 THESE THINGS IN A STRUCTURAL 2234 01:25:26,520 --> 01:25:29,680 SPACE BUT THEN ALSO HEAR IN THIS 2235 01:25:29,680 --> 01:25:31,960 MIXED METHOD APPROACH ABOUT THE 2236 01:25:31,960 --> 01:25:33,160 LIVED EXPERIENCES OF THOSE 2237 01:25:33,160 --> 01:25:33,400 THINGS. 2238 01:25:33,400 --> 01:25:37,800 YOU DON'T WANT IT TO BE REALLY 2239 01:25:37,800 --> 01:25:40,600 LOST IN TRANSLATION, I CAN SAY 2240 01:25:40,600 --> 01:25:42,800 THIS SUBSET OF POLICIES THAT HAS 2241 01:25:42,800 --> 01:25:44,680 GENDER EMBEDDED IN IT REALLY 2242 01:25:44,680 --> 01:25:47,640 AFFECTS PEOPLE'S LIVES BUT UNTIL 2243 01:25:47,640 --> 01:25:49,160 YOU ACTUALLY ASK THOSE 2244 01:25:49,160 --> 01:25:50,040 INDIVIDUALS HOW IT'S 2245 01:25:50,040 --> 01:25:51,480 MANIFESTING, SO I THINK 2246 01:25:51,480 --> 01:25:53,520 CONTINUING TO MOVE FORWARD IN 2247 01:25:53,520 --> 01:25:55,840 THIS DUAL PATH THAT DOES BOTH OF 2248 01:25:55,840 --> 01:25:58,480 THOSE THINGS, I THINK WE HAVE A 2249 01:25:58,480 --> 01:26:00,560 LOT OF ADDITIONAL LAYERS OF 2250 01:26:00,560 --> 01:26:02,320 COMPLICATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE 2251 01:26:02,320 --> 01:26:05,560 HEALTH SPACE GIVEN THE DIRECTION 2252 01:26:05,560 --> 01:26:08,680 OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICY 2253 01:26:08,680 --> 01:26:09,320 AND HOW THAT'S INCREASINGLY 2254 01:26:09,320 --> 01:26:11,800 ACTIVE AT THE STATE LEVEL AND SO 2255 01:26:11,800 --> 01:26:14,040 WE HAVE TO THINK LONG AND HARD 2256 01:26:14,040 --> 01:26:16,760 ABOUT THE ROLE OF ABORTION 2257 01:26:16,760 --> 01:26:18,280 CRIMINALIZATION AND ALL OF THESE 2258 01:26:18,280 --> 01:26:21,160 TYPES OF MEASURES AND HOW IT 2259 01:26:21,160 --> 01:26:23,120 ENTERS THE SORT OF STRUCTURAL 2260 01:26:23,120 --> 01:26:25,440 SPACE AND STRUCTURAL MEASURES AS 2261 01:26:25,440 --> 01:26:25,640 WELL. 2262 01:26:25,640 --> 01:26:26,920 NOT REALLY AN ANSWER TO YOUR 2263 01:26:26,920 --> 01:26:28,600 QUESTION BUT THAT'S SORT OF MY 2264 01:26:28,600 --> 01:26:31,120 STRATEGY IN WHAT I'M THINKING 2265 01:26:31,120 --> 01:26:31,840 ABOUT MOVING FORWARD. 2266 01:26:31,840 --> 01:26:33,880 >>THAT'S THE KIND OF ANSWER I 2267 01:26:33,880 --> 01:26:35,280 WAS HOPING FOR. 2268 01:26:35,280 --> 01:26:36,600 HOW IS THIS AFFECTING YOUR 2269 01:26:36,600 --> 01:26:37,480 STRATEGIC THINKING. 2270 01:26:37,480 --> 01:26:38,280 THAT'S GREAT. 2271 01:26:38,280 --> 01:26:40,280 DR. GRIFFITH, DO YOU HAVE SOME 2272 01:26:40,280 --> 01:26:42,560 THOUGHTS TO SHARE? 2273 01:26:42,560 --> 01:26:42,960 >>SURE. 2274 01:26:42,960 --> 01:26:46,360 QUICKLY, THIS HAS BEEN PART OF 2275 01:26:46,360 --> 01:26:49,640 THE REASON WHY I SORT OF PUSHED 2276 01:26:49,640 --> 01:26:50,960 THIS NOTION OF MEN'S HEALTH 2277 01:26:50,960 --> 01:26:53,840 EQUITY, THE IDEA OF MOVING THESE 2278 01:26:53,840 --> 01:26:56,320 POPULATIONS LIKE THOSE WHO ARE 2279 01:26:56,320 --> 01:27:00,160 GENDER NON-CONFORMING FROM 2280 01:27:00,160 --> 01:27:01,280 MARGINS TO THE CENTER, BLACK MEN 2281 01:27:01,280 --> 01:27:04,000 ARE PART OF THAT GROUP, GENDER 2282 01:27:04,000 --> 01:27:05,200 NON-CONFORMING AS WELL. 2283 01:27:05,200 --> 01:27:08,280 BOTH IN THE BOOK WE DID AND 2284 01:27:08,280 --> 01:27:10,480 SPECIAL ISSUES ABOUT PROMOTING 2285 01:27:10,480 --> 01:27:11,920 MEN'S HEALTH EQUALITY, GENDER 2286 01:27:11,920 --> 01:27:13,360 NON-CONFORMING HAVE BEEN 2287 01:27:13,360 --> 01:27:14,760 CENTERED, BROUGHT INTO THAT 2288 01:27:14,760 --> 01:27:16,520 CONVERSATION, SO I THINK THE 2289 01:27:16,520 --> 01:27:18,240 OTHER TWO -- ONE IS WE'RE DOING 2290 01:27:18,240 --> 01:27:21,080 IT IN THE WORK ALREADY, TRYING 2291 01:27:21,080 --> 01:27:21,400 TO. 2292 01:27:21,400 --> 01:27:23,720 I THINK A KEY PART IS GOING TO 2293 01:27:23,720 --> 01:27:24,840 BE IDENTIFYING ASSETS AND 2294 01:27:24,840 --> 01:27:25,720 STRENGTHS OF THOSE POPULATIONS 2295 01:27:25,720 --> 01:27:27,240 THAT WE CAN BUILD FROM AND DON'T 2296 01:27:27,240 --> 01:27:30,080 ALWAYS LOOK AT THEM AS DEFICITS, 2297 01:27:30,080 --> 01:27:37,280 THE THIRD PART IS I THINK USING 2298 01:27:37,280 --> 01:27:37,920 THE THREE-PART FRAMEWORK, FROM 2299 01:27:37,920 --> 01:27:38,960 KIMBERLE CRENSHAW COULD BE 2300 01:27:38,960 --> 01:27:42,480 POWERFUL AND USEFUL TO CENTER 2301 01:27:42,480 --> 01:27:43,920 THE POPULATION AND THINK ABOUT 2302 01:27:43,920 --> 01:27:45,480 WHAT ARE THE UNIQUE BARRIERS 2303 01:27:45,480 --> 01:27:46,880 THEY ARE FACING AND WHAT ARE THE 2304 01:27:46,880 --> 01:27:50,360 THINGS WE MIGHT DO TO MOVE THEIR 2305 01:27:50,360 --> 01:27:51,680 HEALTH PROMOTION FORWARD. 2306 01:27:51,680 --> 01:27:52,440 >>THANK YOU. 2307 01:27:52,440 --> 01:27:55,600 I'M GETTING A NUDGE HERE AND DO 2308 01:27:55,600 --> 01:27:58,440 WE HAVE ANY TIME THAT WE CAN 2309 01:27:58,440 --> 01:27:59,960 HEAR FROM DR. BULLOCK OR WE HAVE 2310 01:27:59,960 --> 01:28:00,960 TO GO BACK? 2311 01:28:00,960 --> 01:28:03,480 >>I'M SO SORRY BUT WE'RE THE 2312 01:28:03,480 --> 01:28:05,040 LAST, I GOT NOTICE WE'RE THE 2313 01:28:05,040 --> 01:28:05,560 LAST SESSION. 2314 01:28:05,560 --> 01:28:09,480 I DON'T WANT TO CUT THIS 2315 01:28:09,480 --> 01:28:10,400 CONVERSATION, DR. BULLOCK, JOIN 2316 01:28:10,400 --> 01:28:12,480 US IN THE NEXT ROOM AND WE WILL 2317 01:28:12,480 --> 01:28:14,320 FIND WAYS TO KEEP GOING WITH 2318 01:28:14,320 --> 01:28:16,040 THIS CONVERSATION AND JUST THANK 2319 01:28:16,040 --> 01:28:20,280 YOU ALL SO MUCH FOR YOUR REALLY 2320 01:28:20,280 --> 01:28:20,960 THOUGHTFUL AND ENGAGING 2321 01:28:20,960 --> 01:28:21,320 PRESENTATIONS. 2322 01:28:21,320 --> 01:28:23,520 I WILL SEE YOU BACK IN THE OTHER 2323 01:28:23,520 --> 01:28:23,760 WEBINARS. 2324 01:28:23,760 --> 01:28:26,160 WE HAVE TO LOG OFF AND LOG IN TO 2325 01:28:26,160 --> 01:28:26,880 THAT OTHER ROOM. 2326 01:28:26,880 --> 01:28:27,000 THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH. 2327 01:28:27,000 --> 00:00:00,000 >>THANK YOU.