1 00:00:05,400 --> 00:00:09,560 >>WELCOME TO THE NIH OFFICE OF 2 00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,640 RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH, 3 00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:12,920 SCORE ANNUAL MEETING. 4 00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:15,120 I AM SHARON HUNTER, ASSOCIATE 5 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:16,640 DIRECTOR WITH THE OFFICE OF 6 00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:17,800 RESEARCH AND WOMEN'S HEALTH. 7 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:19,920 AND ON BEHALF OF THE OFFICE, I 8 00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:23,000 AM PLEASED TO WELCOME YOU TO THE 9 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:25,320 THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE 10 00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:27,120 SPECIALIZED CENTERS OF RESEARCH 11 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:28,920 EXCELLENCE ON SEX DIFFERENCES 12 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:33,840 PROGRAM WHICH WE CALL THE SCORE 13 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:34,960 PROGRAM. 14 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:36,280 WE BEGENERATED TODAY'S VIRTUAL 15 00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:37,600 ANNUAL SCORE MEETING WITH 16 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:41,600 OPENING REMARKS FROM THE ORWH 17 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,760 DIRECTOR DR. JANINE AUSTIN 18 00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:46,440 CLAYTON FOLLOWED BY OUR KEY NOTE 19 00:00:46,440 --> 00:00:46,800 SPEAKER. 20 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:48,640 OUR KEY NOTE SPEAKER TODAY FOR 21 00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:55,280 THE 2022 ANNUAL MEETING IS 22 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:56,240 DR. CARA TANNENBAUM, 23 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,040 DR. TANNENBAUM, IS THE 24 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:00,800 SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR OF THE 25 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,960 INSTITUTE OF GENDER AND HEALTH 26 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:05,800 OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF 27 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:07,800 HEALTH RESEARCH FOR THE CANADIAN 28 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:12,160 INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH. 29 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:12,720 DR. TANNENBAUM IS 30 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:13,320 INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED AS 31 00:01:13,320 --> 00:01:14,320 ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS ADVOCATE 32 00:01:14,320 --> 00:01:18,200 FOR THE INTEGRATION OF SEX AND 33 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,240 GENDER AND MAIN STREAM RESEARCH 34 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:20,920 AND PRACTICE. 35 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:24,280 HER WORK IN THIS SPACE HAS BEEN 36 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:25,280 INSTRUMENTAL IN ACCELERATING 37 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:28,360 ACTION IN RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 38 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:29,920 TO ADVANCE WOMEN'S HEALTH AND 39 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:30,920 ULTIMATELY THE WELL BEING AND 40 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:34,320 HEALTH OF ALL OF US. 41 00:01:34,320 --> 00:01:36,760 DR. TANNENBAUM IS ALSO A 42 00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:38,840 PRACTICING INTERNIST WOMEN'S 43 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,240 HEALTH SPECIALIST AND 44 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:43,880 GERIATRICIAN. 45 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:47,000 DR. CLAYTON WILL INTRODUCE 46 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:48,000 DR. TANNENBAUM, SO WITHOUT 47 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:49,560 FURTHER ADO, I WOULD LIKE TO 48 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:52,080 INTRODUCE YOU TO DR. JANINE 49 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:54,880 AUSTIN CLAYTON, SHE IS THE NIH 50 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:55,960 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OFFICE ON 51 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:56,680 WOMEN'S HEALTH. 52 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,120 SHE HAS WORKED PRIOR AND 53 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:02,280 CURRENTLY TO ADVANCE THE WOMEN'S 54 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,520 HEALTH RESEARCH AND WOMEN IN 55 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:06,400 SCIENTIFIC CAREERS. 56 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:07,800 SHE CO-CHAIRS THE NIH WORKING 57 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:09,680 GROUP ON WOMEN AND MEDICAL 58 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:12,360 RESEARCH WITH THE NIH DIRECTOR, 59 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:15,640 THE PRIOR NIH DIRECTOR 60 00:02:15,640 --> 00:02:16,400 DR. FRANCIS COLLINS. 61 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:18,760 BY TRAINING SHE'S A BOARD 62 00:02:18,760 --> 00:02:21,000 CERTIFIED OPHTHALMOLOGIST AND 63 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:25,000 ALSO IS ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE 64 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:25,440 NIH COMMUNITY. 65 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:28,680 SO DUE TO TIME CONSTRAINTS, I 66 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:30,680 WILL DEFER TO TELLING YOU ALL 67 00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:32,480 ABOUT HER OTHER ACCOMPLISH 68 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:33,080 WANTS. 69 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:36,560 SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, I AM 70 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:39,720 INTRODUCING DR. JANINE AUSTIN 71 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:41,320 CLAYTON, DIRECTOR, NIH OFFICE OF 72 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:42,640 RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH. 73 00:02:42,640 --> 00:02:43,320 DR. CLAYTON? 74 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:44,720 >>THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. HUNTER 75 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:45,880 FOR THAT KIND INTRODUCTION. 76 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:47,160 IT'S REALLY 77 00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:50,000 EXCITING TO BE WITH YOU HERE 78 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:51,920 TODAY AS WE HAVE OUR SCORE 79 00:02:51,920 --> 00:02:56,440 MEETING, OUR SPECIALIZED CENTERS 80 00:02:56,440 --> 00:02:57,400 OF RESEARCH EXCELLENCE THESE 81 00:02:57,400 --> 00:02:58,560 PROGRAMS ARE CRITICAL TO OUR 82 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:01,360 EFFORTS TO ADVANCE THE NE H SEX 83 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,680 AS A BIOLEDGE CALVARIABLE OR 84 00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:05,160 SABB POLICY. 85 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:10,880 AND THIS IS OUR THIRD ANNUAL 86 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:11,320 SCORE MEETING. 87 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:15,320 AND AS YOU KNOW SCORE IS THE 88 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:16,680 ONLY NIH-CENTER LEVEL DISEASE 89 00:03:16,680 --> 00:03:18,000 SPECIFIC RESEARCH SPOKEUSED 90 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:19,560 SPECIFICALLY ON SEX DIFFERENCES 91 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:22,720 AND THE SCORE GOALS ARE TO 92 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:23,280 EXPEDITE INTERDISCIPLINARY 93 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:24,600 DEVELOPMENT OF MG AND,A PLIE 94 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:25,800 THAT KNOWLEDGE TO DISEASE 95 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:29,400 CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT WOMEN. 96 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:32,120 WE LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ETIOLOGY 97 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:33,280 OF SEX DIFFERENCES AND DISEASE 98 00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:34,840 DIFFERENCES AS THEY PLAY A ROLE. 99 00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:36,920 THE U54 WHICH IS THE CURRENT 100 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:39,920 SCORE WITH AN E WAS AN EXPANSION 101 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:42,280 OF OUR PREVIOUS P50 AND WE ADDED 102 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:44,720 A CAREER ENHANCEMENT CORE TO THE 103 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:46,760 PREVIOUS P50 TO ENHANCE THE 104 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:48,520 TRAINING OF THE NEXT GENERATION 105 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:52,480 OF SEX DIFFERENCES RESEARCHERS. 106 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:54,920 THOSE CENTERS, THE SCORE CENTERS 107 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:56,840 HELP TO MODEL HOW SEX AS A 108 00:03:56,840 --> 00:03:58,000 BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE CAN BE 109 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:00,200 APPLIED TO VARIOUS RESEARCH 110 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:04,240 QUESTIONS AND HELP US TO DEVELOP 111 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:07,720 STANDARDS TO CONSIDER SA BV 112 00:04:07,720 --> 00:04:09,040 ACROSS THE RESEARCH CONTINUUM. 113 00:04:09,040 --> 00:04:11,760 SO HOW DOES THE SCORE PROGRAM 114 00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:13,480 INTEGRATE SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL 115 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:14,040 VARIABLE? 116 00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:16,880 IT HELPS TO MODEL HOW SABV IS 117 00:04:16,880 --> 00:04:18,240 APPLIED BY PROVIDING DIFFERENT 118 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:19,920 EXAMPLES OF SEX AWARE STUDIES 119 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:21,200 WHETHER THAT'S POWERED STUDIES 120 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:24,200 TO DETECT SEX DIFFERENCES OR 121 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:26,160 DISAGGREGATING RESULTS OR 122 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:27,000 COMPLEMENTAARY STUDIES THAT 123 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,760 ADDRESS SEX SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, 124 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:32,120 AS APPROPRIATE BALANCED OR SEX 125 00:04:32,120 --> 00:04:33,080 STRATIFIED RANDOMIZATION, WE 126 00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:38,240 HAVE ALSO THROUGH THE SCORE A 127 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:40,840 PUDGIER CLAKERATION ACROSS THE 128 00:04:40,840 --> 00:04:42,120 VARIOUS PROGRAMS, AND WE HOPE 129 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:43,200 FOR SUCCESSES OF WHICH THERE 130 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,000 HAVE BEEN MANY TO HELP PENETRATE 131 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:47,600 THE ADOPTION OF SABV TO HELP 132 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:49,120 WITH THAT THROUGH VARIOUS 133 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:52,560 DISCIPLINES IN RESEARCH FIELDS. 134 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:53,880 I'M ALWAYS EXCITED TO SEE THE 135 00:04:53,880 --> 00:04:56,400 RAINCHL OF TOPICS THAT ARE 136 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:57,560 REPRESENTED AT OUR SCORES 137 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:01,720 WHETHER IT'S STRESS AND NEURAL 138 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:05,400 REGULATION OF AGING AND SEX 139 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:07,400 OUTCOMES, OR METABOLIC DINNERSS 140 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:11,840 IN SEX, WE HAVE A RAINCHL OF 141 00:05:11,840 --> 00:05:13,240 TOPICS THAT ARE BEING 142 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:15,320 INVESTIGATED BY OUR CURRENT 143 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:18,480 SCORE PIs AND WE THINK OF OUR 144 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:21,600 PIs AS DIPLOMATS FOR SEX AS A 145 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:22,120 BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE. 146 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:24,760 I WANT TO TAKE A MINUTE TO FOCUS 147 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:26,720 ON THE RECENT ADDITION OF THE 148 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:28,080 SCORE STEERING COMMITTEE AND THE 149 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:29,240 ADDITION OF SCORE MONTHLY 150 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:32,120 MEETING AS PART OF THE CAREER 151 00:05:32,120 --> 00:05:33,840 ENHANCEMENT CORE OR THE EXPANDED 152 00:05:33,840 --> 00:05:34,200 SCORE. 153 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:35,960 THE SCORE STEERING COMMITTEE 154 00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:38,200 EVOLVED OVER THE COURSE OF THE 155 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:38,800 LAST SEVERAL YEARS. 156 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:40,120 IT'S TAKEN THE LEADOT 157 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:41,960 ORGANIZATION AND FOCUS OF THE 158 00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:43,840 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEETINGS, IT 159 00:05:43,840 --> 00:05:45,560 HAS WORKED ON INCREASING PROGRAM 160 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:47,440 ISHT ACTION AND HIGHLIGHT THE 161 00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:48,480 NEXT GENERATION OF SCORE 162 00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:49,520 RESEARCHERS AND UNDER THE 163 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:50,840 DIRECTION OF THE CURRENT 164 00:05:50,840 --> 00:05:53,360 STEERING COMMITTEE EACH MONTHLY 165 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:54,440 PROGRAM HOSTS 2-3 PRESENTATIONS 166 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:56,560 BY THE CAREER ENHANCEMENT CORE 167 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:58,760 AWARDEES ACROSS THE SCORE 168 00:05:58,760 --> 00:05:59,160 PROGRAMS. 169 00:05:59,160 --> 00:06:01,200 AND FITTER AT THIS YEAR'S ANNUAL 170 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:02,280 MEETING, THE FLASH TALKS FROM 171 00:06:02,280 --> 00:06:03,880 EACH OF THE SCORE PROGRAMS WILL 172 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:07,000 BE IN 2 SESSIONS, AND EACH 173 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:09,680 SESSION WILL INCLUDE A VOTING 174 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:12,600 POLL AND AWARDS TO RECOGNIZE A 175 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:16,360 TOTAL OF 6 FLASH TALKS. 176 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:18,280 SO THOSE MONTHLY MEETINGS HAVE 177 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,000 SERVED AS AN IMPORTANT ADDITION 178 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:21,160 TO OUR SCORE AGREEMENTS. 179 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,560 THEY SERVE AS A PLATFORM TO 180 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:25,640 INCREASE SCORES INTERACTION, 181 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:26,880 ALLOW FOR SCIENTIFIC INTERACTION 182 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:31,880 AND IDEAS AND IDENTIFICATION OF 183 00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:32,200 COMMON THEMES. 184 00:06:32,200 --> 00:06:34,480 THIS YEAR CERTAINLY DID NOT COME 185 00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:36,240 WITHOUT ITS CHALLENGES. 186 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:37,640 AS OUR CURRENT SCORE COHORT 187 00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:38,880 PREPARES TO CLOSE THIS CHAPTER, 188 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:40,280 WE WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE ALL OF 189 00:06:40,280 --> 00:06:42,080 THEIR HARD WORK AND DEDICATION 190 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:43,960 TO THE CORE PROGRAM. 191 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:44,880 THEY WERE OUR TRAILBLAZERS 192 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:47,080 TAKING THE SCORE WITH A KNEE 193 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:48,680 PROGRAM FROM ITS FIRST 194 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:51,160 ITERATIONS OF THE P50 TO THE 195 00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:52,000 CURRENT MULTIFACETED COOPERATIVE 196 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:55,400 AGREEMENT INCLUDING THE CAREER 197 00:06:55,400 --> 00:06:55,840 ENHANCEMENT COMPONENT. 198 00:06:55,840 --> 00:06:57,760 THEY'VE PERSEVERED THROUGH THE 199 00:06:57,760 --> 00:06:59,080 UNCERTAINTY OF THE COVID-19 200 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:00,480 PANDEMIC AND A NEW WORKING 201 00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:03,280 ENVIRONMENT THAT DEVELOPED AS A 202 00:07:03,280 --> 00:07:04,840 CONSEQUENCE. 203 00:07:04,840 --> 00:07:06,480 AND THESE WERE BIG CHANGES THAT 204 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:08,000 HAD THE POTENTIAL TO DISRUPT OUR 205 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,400 WORK BUT IT DID NOT BREAK OUR 206 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:13,160 COLLEAGUES AT ALL. 207 00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:14,640 OUR PIs EXCEEDED THE GOALS OF 208 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:15,920 THE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AND I 209 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:20,320 WANT TO APPLAUD YOU FOR YOUR 210 00:07:20,320 --> 00:07:21,280 PERSEVERANCE AND ENCOURAGE YOU 211 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:22,800 AS THIS RESEARCH MOVES FORWARD 212 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:23,440 AND CONTINUES. 213 00:07:23,440 --> 00:07:25,760 WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO 214 00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:27,440 ACKNOWLEDGE OUR FUNDERS WITH THE 215 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:28,920 FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT, OUR 216 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:30,800 INSTITUTE AND DEPARTMENTS HAVE 217 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:32,280 SUPPORTED THE SCORE RESEARCHERS 218 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:33,080 THROUGH FUNDING AND 219 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:34,920 COLLABORATION AS THEY SHARE THE 220 00:07:34,920 --> 00:07:38,520 ORWH VISION FOR ADVANCING SEX AS 221 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:39,120 A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE. 222 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:41,120 EACH YEAR THIS MEETING MARKS A 223 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:42,440 TANGIBLE SHIFT IN THE 224 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:44,560 IMPLEMENTATION AND ADVANCEMENT 225 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:45,360 OF SABV POLICY. 226 00:07:45,360 --> 00:07:47,080 AS WE'VE GONE THROUGH THE YEARS 227 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:49,560 AND INTEGRATED IT THROUGH THE 228 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:51,640 NIH BUSINESS PROCESSES, ALTERING 229 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:52,760 INSTRUCTIONS, APPLICATION FORMS 230 00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:55,080 AND PEER REVIEW, PROVIDING 231 00:07:55,080 --> 00:07:56,120 ADDITIONAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 232 00:07:56,120 --> 00:07:58,040 THROUGH THE SEX AND GENDER ADMEN 233 00:07:58,040 --> 00:07:59,440 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS TO 234 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:01,320 BRENG MORE SCIENTISTS INTO THE 235 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:03,280 FOLD AND NIH WIDE SABV WORKING 236 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:04,480 GROUP THAT INFORMS THE 237 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:06,400 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF 238 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:08,320 THE POLICY AND THEN MOST 239 00:08:08,320 --> 00:08:09,280 RECENTLY AN NIH SCIENTIFIC 240 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:11,040 INTEREST GROUP ON SEX AND GENDER 241 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:12,800 AND HEALTH AND DISEASE TO HELP 242 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:14,200 DISSEMINATE THAT RESEARCH AND 243 00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:18,080 FOSTER COLLABORATION AT NIH. 244 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:21,120 ANOTHER ADVANCE FROM THE SCORE 245 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:22,960 IS OUR INTERPROFESSIONAL 246 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:23,600 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, MANY 247 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:25,000 OF THE SCORE INVESTIGATORS 248 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:27,400 SERVED AS WRITERS ON SOME OF OUR 249 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:28,920 COURSE WORK AND PARTICIPATE IN 250 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:31,680 THE TRAIN THE TRAINER MATERIAL 251 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:35,440 FOR THE SABV PRIMER, AND HERE 252 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:36,880 ARE SEVERAL OF THE OTHER 253 00:08:36,880 --> 00:08:39,880 OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATIONAL 254 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:41,080 LEARNING WE HAVE AVAILABLE ON 255 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:43,400 OUR WEBSITE AND VERY RECENTLY 256 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:46,560 WOO HAVE 3 CME CREDITS AVAILABLE 257 00:08:46,560 --> 00:08:51,000 FOR OUR BENCH TO BEDSIDE COURSE 258 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:52,400 INTEGRATING SEX DIFFERENCES FOR 259 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:52,760 HUMAN HEALTH. 260 00:08:52,760 --> 00:08:55,440 I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK THE 261 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:58,440 SCORE TEAM AT OURITUTES AND 262 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:02,240 PARTNERS AND DR. SHARON HUNTER, 263 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:03,400 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE], AND 264 00:09:03,400 --> 00:09:05,040 MR. DARYL TURNER, AS WELL AS 265 00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:06,640 BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH 266 00:09:06,640 --> 00:09:08,840 SECTION IN TEAM ORWH FOR ALL OF 267 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:10,480 YOUR HARD WORK, THANK YOU VERY 268 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:12,160 MUCH TO OUR OUTSTANDING SCORE 269 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:13,680 TEAM FOR THEIR AMAZING WORK AND 270 00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:14,880 OUR INSTITUTE AND CENTER FOR 271 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:17,520 PARTNERS FOR ALL OF THEIR 272 00:09:17,520 --> 00:09:19,120 SUPPORT. 273 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:20,680 AND WITH THAT, IT'S MY PLEASURE 274 00:09:20,680 --> 00:09:23,080 TO INTRODUCE MY FRIEND AND 275 00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:27,480 COLLEAGUE DR. CARA TANNENBAUM, 276 00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:28,360 DR. TANNENBAUM IS AN 277 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:30,160 INTERNATIONAL EXPERT IN SEX AND 278 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:30,800 GENDER BASED ANALYSIS. 279 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:32,640 SHE IS DIRECTOR OF THE SCIENCE 280 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:33,400 EN--STRATEGIESITUTE OF GENDER 281 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:35,360 AND HEALTH AT THE CANADIAN 282 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:37,240 INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH 283 00:09:37,240 --> 00:09:38,720 APONENTED IN 2015 AND CURRENTLY 284 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:40,920 SERVES AS THE DEPARTMENTMENTAL 285 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:41,800 SCIENCE ADVISOR FOR HEALTH 286 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:43,040 CABBEDDA. 287 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:44,400 SHE IS ALSO PROFESSOR IN THE 288 00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:46,280 FACULTIES OF MEDICINE AND 289 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:48,880 PHARMACY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 290 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:51,360 MONTREAL AND RECIPIENT OF 291 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:54,120 SEVERAL PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS 292 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:54,960 ENCLUEDING THE [INDISCERNIBLE] 293 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:56,560 EQUITY AWARD FROM THE ASSOCIATE 294 00:09:56,560 --> 00:09:58,760 OF MEDICINE CANADA AND HAS 295 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:00,960 MEMBERSHIP IN THE, STEAMED ORDER 296 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:04,360 OF CANADA. 297 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:05,400 DR. TANNENBAUM LEVERAGES HER 298 00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:06,360 SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE AND 299 00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:10,240 EXPERIENCE TO PROVIDE 300 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:11,080 INTERNATIONALLY REGULATED 301 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:12,640 LEADERSHIP ON GENDER BASED 302 00:10:12,640 --> 00:10:13,640 ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND 303 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:14,200 POLICY. 304 00:10:14,200 --> 00:10:16,280 SHE HAS TAKEN AIM AT THE 305 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:17,440 STRUCTURES WHICH SUPPORT 306 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:20,040 FUNDING, CONDUCT AND THE USE OF 307 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:21,840 RESEARCH IN ORDER TO MAKE 308 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:24,720 SCIENCE MORE EQUITABLE AND BY 309 00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:26,160 EXTENSION STRENGTHEN OF QUALITY, 310 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:29,920 RELEVANCE AND IMPACT OF HEALTH 311 00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:30,400 RESEARCH. 312 00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:31,840 SHE ALSO CHAMPIONS OF USE OF 313 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:33,400 DATA TO DRIVE DECISION MAKING. 314 00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:37,200 WE'RE EXCITED TO HAVE 315 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:41,800 DR. TANNENBAUM TO PRESENT THIS 316 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:43,840 YEAR'S TALK TITLED: NEXT 317 00:10:43,840 --> 00:10:47,200 GENERATION IN SCEKS AND SCIENCE 318 00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:48,680 WELCOME DR. TANNENBAUM. 319 00:10:48,680 --> 00:10:50,120 >>THANK YOU JANINE, I AM 320 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:51,560 EXCITED TO BE HERE TOO. 321 00:10:51,560 --> 00:10:52,440 CONGRATULATIONS TO EVERYONE FOR 322 00:10:52,440 --> 00:10:58,120 THE WORK THAT YOU'VE DONE, IT'S 323 00:10:58,120 --> 00:10:59,520 OBVIOUS YOU'RE REALLY ADVAPSING 324 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:00,920 SCIENCE AND WHAT I WANT TO TALK 325 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:01,160 TO YOU ABOUT, WHAT I'M DELIGHTED 326 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:02,760 TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT TODAY IS 327 00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:03,560 THE NEXT GENERATION OF SEX AND 328 00:11:03,560 --> 00:11:04,520 GENDER SCIENCE. 329 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:06,120 WHAT I'M HOPING TO DO IN THE 330 00:11:06,120 --> 00:11:07,600 NEXT HALF HOUR OR SO IS TO 331 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:11,720 INVITE TO YOU REFLECT WITH ME ON 332 00:11:11,720 --> 00:11:13,680 1, A VISION FOR THE NEXT VISION 333 00:11:13,680 --> 00:11:16,640 OF SEX AND GENDER SCIENCE AND 334 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:18,080 THEN HOW WE GET THERE AND 335 00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:20,960 FINALLY, WHAT YOU CAN DO TO 336 00:11:20,960 --> 00:11:21,240 HELP. 337 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:28,280 LET'S START WITH THE VISION. 338 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:29,680 OF COURSE WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT 339 00:11:29,680 --> 00:11:31,240 WHERE YOU WANT TO GO, IT'S 340 00:11:31,240 --> 00:11:32,320 HELPFUL TO REFLECT ON WHERE YOU 341 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:33,920 ARE COMING FROM AND IT'S 342 00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:35,800 IMPORTANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT 343 00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:38,760 MOST PEOPLE WILL ATTRIBUTE OUR 344 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:40,880 MODERN DAY APPROACH TO SEX 345 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:42,080 DIFFERENCES TO DARWIN ACTUALLY. 346 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:44,040 TO DARWIN AND ESSENTIALISM WAY 347 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:45,920 BACK IN THE 19th CENTURY AND 348 00:11:45,920 --> 00:11:48,200 IT WAS DARWIN WHO WAS THE FIRST 349 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:57,600 TO ARGUE THAT MALES AND FEMALES 350 00:11:57,600 --> 00:11:59,000 AND ESSENTIALLY SURVIVAL WAS DUE 351 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,880 TO SELECTION OF THIS GENETIC 352 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:03,080 MAKEUP TO EXCEED PROCREATION OF 353 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:04,440 THE SPECIES. 354 00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:06,440 NOW OF COURSE SCIENCE IS ALWAYS 355 00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:07,680 EVOLVING AND PART OF THE 356 00:12:07,680 --> 00:12:10,320 SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS TO 357 00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:11,720 CHALLENGE OUR NOW HYPOTHESIS, SO 358 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:13,280 IF WE WERE IN PERSON, I WOULD 359 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:18,920 ASK YOU TO TELL ME TO PLEASE 360 00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:20,720 MENTION 2 FATAL FLAWS IN 361 00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:22,000 DARWIN'S ARGUMENT, AND DO YOU 362 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,440 KNOW WHAT THOSE MIGHT BE? 363 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:28,520 WELL, 1, ARE WE A HUNDRED% SURE 364 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:31,000 THAT SEX IS ALWAYS GENETICALLY 365 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:33,400 MEDIATED AND 2 ARE WE A HUNDRED% 366 00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:36,200 SURE THAT SEX IS ALWAYS BINARY 367 00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:39,040 AND DIVIDED INTO MALES AND 368 00:12:39,040 --> 00:12:39,680 FEMALES. 369 00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:40,440 AND FAST FORWARD A LITTLE BIT TO 370 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:42,680 THE REST OF THE TALK, IN FACT, 371 00:12:42,680 --> 00:12:46,200 DARWIN WAS PROVED TO BE 372 00:12:46,200 --> 00:12:46,480 INCORRECT. 373 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:50,760 THE EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT 374 00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:52,360 CAN PROFOUNDLY AFFECT SEX 375 00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:53,160 DETERMINE NATION. 376 00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:55,400 SO FOR MANY REPTILE SPECIES SEX 377 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:56,920 DETERMINE NATION IS TEMPERATURE 378 00:12:56,920 --> 00:12:58,680 DEPENDENT AND I DON'T THINK WE 379 00:12:58,680 --> 00:13:00,720 HAVE ANYONE JOINING US FROM DOWN 380 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:02,680 UNDER TODAY BUT MAYBE WE DO, 381 00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:04,000 THEY'RE THE GREEN SEA TURTLE 382 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:07,960 POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN GREAT 383 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:09,400 BARRIER REEF THEIR SEX IS 384 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:11,640 DETERMINED BY MALES FOR COOLER 385 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:14,280 TEMPERATURES AND BY FEMALES BY 386 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:15,120 WARMER TEMPERATURES AND ALTHOUGH 387 00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:16,520 WE WILL NOT TALK ABOUT THIS 388 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:17,880 TODAY, THOSE OF YOU INTERESTED 389 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:18,760 IN CLIMATE CHANGE MIGHT BE 390 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:20,280 INTERESTED TO KNOW THAT CLIMATE 391 00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:21,480 CHANGE IS POSING A SERIOUS 392 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:23,560 THREAT TO THE PERSISTENCE OF 393 00:13:23,560 --> 00:13:24,360 MANY REPTILE POPULATIONS BECAUSE 394 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:24,960 OF THIS. 395 00:13:24,960 --> 00:13:27,680 SO SEX NOT ONLY GENETICALLY 396 00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:29,920 MEDIATED AND SEX NOT ALWAYS 397 00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:30,360 BINARY. 398 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:31,640 NOW OF COURSE, ACTUAL 399 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:32,480 DISCIPLINARY MORPHISM IS A TRAIT 400 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:35,040 THAT WE SEE IN MANY SPECIES, AND 401 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:36,920 IN YOU HAD HUMANS THAT 402 00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:38,120 TRANSLATES TO SEX SPECIFIC 403 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:39,520 DISEASES, SO IN WOMEN'S HEALTH, 404 00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:42,640 OF COURSE WE WILL TALK ABOUT, 405 00:13:42,640 --> 00:13:46,240 YOU KNOW UTERINE FIBROIDS, 406 00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:47,000 UTERINE CANCER, ENDOMETRIOSIS 407 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:49,280 THAT WE DON'T SEE IN MALES, 408 00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:51,280 HOWEVER IN MANY SPECIES SEX IS 409 00:13:51,280 --> 00:13:53,600 NOT BINARY, YOU CAN THINK OF 410 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:57,000 PLANT OR ANIMAL SPECIES WHERE A 411 00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:59,400 HERM AFRO DIET MEANS YOU HAVE 412 00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:01,560 BOTH MALE AND FEMALE ORGANS AND 413 00:14:01,560 --> 00:14:03,440 IN FACT MANY TRAITS ARE 414 00:14:03,440 --> 00:14:07,200 OVERLAPPING IN MALE AND FEMALE. 415 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:08,840 SO SEX COMES IN MANY DIFFERENT 416 00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:11,400 SIZES AND SHAPES AND THIS 417 00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:13,200 IS--WELL, I'LL ASK YOU, WHAT 418 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:14,120 ABOUT SEX HORMONES, WOULD YOU 419 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,760 SAY THAT IT'S APPROPRIATE TO 420 00:14:17,760 --> 00:14:20,240 REFER TO TESTOSTERONE AS THE 421 00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:22,680 MALE HORMONE AND ESTROGEN AS A 422 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:23,960 FEMALE HORMONE AND OF COURSE, I 423 00:14:23,960 --> 00:14:25,240 WISH THAT I COULD SEE YOUR CHAT 424 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:26,680 BUT I CAN BE THE SO I WILL GUESS 425 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:29,360 THAT MANY OF YOU SAID NO, IT'S 426 00:14:29,360 --> 00:14:30,680 ACTUALLY INAPPROPRIATE TO REFER 427 00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:35,280 TO THOSE HORMONES AS BEING MALE 428 00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:39,720 OR FEMALE BECAUSE BOTH 429 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:40,640 TESTOSTERONE AND ESTROGEN VARY 430 00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:42,480 ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE DPR BOTH 431 00:14:42,480 --> 00:14:45,000 MALES AND FEMALES AND IT CHANGES 432 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:46,920 WITH WHERE YOU ARE IN THE 433 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:48,400 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OR NOT BUT 434 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:50,040 THAT VARIABILITY IN HORMONE 435 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:52,160 LEVEL SYSTEM PRESENT FOR BOTH 436 00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:53,560 MALES AND FEMALES DEBUNKING THE 437 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:55,880 MYTH OF COURSE THAT FEMALES ARE 438 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:58,200 MORE VARIABLE BECAUSE OF 439 00:14:58,200 --> 00:14:59,120 FLUCTUATING HORMONE LEVELS. 440 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:00,680 NOW WHAT ABOUT GENDER, THAT WAS 441 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:02,760 KIND OF THE ORIGIN OF SEX 442 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:03,520 DIFFERENCES RESEARCH, LET'S 443 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:05,360 FOCUS FOR A MINUTE ON GENDER. 444 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,840 IN FACT, PRIOR TO 1949, SCIENCE 445 00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:09,760 AND MOSTLY PHILOSOPHY, ASSUME 446 00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:12,520 THAT SEX AND GENDER WERE 447 00:15:12,520 --> 00:15:14,360 INDISTINGUISHABLE AND IT WASN'T 448 00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:22,480 UNTIL THE FRENCH FEMINIST 449 00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:23,760 SIMONE, DE BEAUVOIO, THAT SAYS 1 450 00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:25,640 IS NOT BORN BUT RATHER BECOMES A 451 00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:28,560 WOMAN BECAUSE OF THE CONCEPT OF 452 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:30,080 SOCIAL GENDER INFLUENCES STARTED 453 00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:31,840 TO,A RIEF. 454 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:35,080 IT WAS IN FACT, 1955, JOHN MOONY 455 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:37,720 WHO FIRST INTRODUCED THE 456 00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:38,240 TERMINOLOGICAL DISTINCTION 457 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:39,120 BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL SEX AND 458 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:40,680 GENDER AS PLAYING THE ROLE IN 459 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:43,280 PSYCHOLOGY AND HE WAS THE FIRST 460 00:15:43,280 --> 00:15:47,960 TO COIN THE TERM GENDER IDENTITY 461 00:15:47,960 --> 00:15:50,960 WHICH STATES THAT NOT ONLY ARE 462 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:52,360 MALES AND FEMALES SEMESTERULAR 463 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:53,720 IN THEIR PREINATE AT DEVELOPMENT 464 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:56,640 BUT THE NEW BORN'S MIND IS 465 00:15:56,640 --> 00:15:57,960 SEXUALLY UNDIFFERENTIATED, IT IS 466 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,280 EITHER MALE OR FEMALE AND MUST 467 00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:03,880 BE INSTRUCTED AND I WILL PUT 468 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:05,040 THIS IN QUOTES--PROPER SEXUAL 469 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:06,440 RULE AND WE'LL COME BACK TO THAT 470 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:08,880 SO THIS IS WHERE THE TERM SEX 471 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:11,320 AND GENDER BECAME POPULARIZED 472 00:16:11,320 --> 00:16:14,520 AND IT WASN'T UNTIL THE 70S WHEN 473 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:16,240 THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT JUMPEDOT 474 00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:17,920 CONCEPT OF DISTINCTION BETWEEN 475 00:16:17,920 --> 00:16:22,480 BIOLOGICAL SEX AND THE SOCIAL 476 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:23,480 CONSTRUCT OF GENDER. 477 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:25,360 THIS IS REALLY, I THINK THE 478 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:27,120 UNDERPINNINGS OF THE FAMOUS 479 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:30,640 DOCUMENTS THAT I THINK SCIENCE 480 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:31,880 TODAY, MAIN STREAM SCIENCE IS 481 00:16:31,880 --> 00:16:33,240 PROBABLY FOUNDED ON WHICH WAS 482 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:34,720 THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE'S 483 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:36,880 DEFINITIONS OF SEX AND GENDER. 484 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:39,480 I WILL LET YOU READ THEM AND I 485 00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:40,400 THINK HOPEFULLY, YOU WILL SEE 486 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:42,840 WHERE I'M GOING WITH THIS, BUT 487 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:44,720 AS OF--FOR THE LAST 20 YEARS, 488 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,240 SEX HAS BEEN DEFEIGNED AS THE 489 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:52,400 CLASS IFICATION OF LIVING THING, 490 00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:58,280 AS PALE OR FEMALE ACCORDING TO 491 00:16:58,280 --> 00:16:59,960 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS ASSIGNED BY 492 00:16:59,960 --> 00:17:01,320 CHROMOSOMES. 493 00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:02,720 AND GENDER REPRESENTATION IS 494 00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:04,560 MALE OR FEMALE HOW THAT PERSON 495 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:07,480 IS RESPONDED TO BY SOCIAL 496 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:09,160 INSTITUTIONS BASED ON THE 497 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:09,720 INDIVIDUAL'S GENDER 498 00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:10,560 PRESENTATION, ROOT INDEED 499 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:13,560 BIOLOGY AND SHAPED BY 500 00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:16,120 ENVIRONMENT AND EXPERIENCE. 501 00:17:16,120 --> 00:17:18,640 FORTUNATELY, FAST FORWARD 20 502 00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:20,080 YEARS AND WE'VE SINCE RECOGNIZED 503 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:21,520 THE HARMS OF THIS BINARY 504 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:23,360 THINKING THAT WAS EMBEDDED IN 505 00:17:23,360 --> 00:17:31,560 THE DEFINITION IN FACT, MOONY 506 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:36,240 TODAY WAS HUGELY DETRIMENTAL, IT 507 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:38,480 WAS HUGELY DETRIMENTAL TO SEX 508 00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:41,360 AND GENDER MINORITIES, MOONY WAS 509 00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:44,240 THE FIRST TO EXPERIMENT WITH SEX 510 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,480 CHANGE SAYING THAT IF YOU 511 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:48,320 BROUGHT UP INFANTS OF ARTIFICIAL 512 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:50,920 NORMS CAN AND IT COULD SHAPE 513 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:52,800 WHETHER IT'S MALE OR FEMALE IN A 514 00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:54,840 STRICTLY BINARY WAY AND ON THE 515 00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:57,520 RIGHT SIDE OF THE SCREEN I'M 516 00:17:57,520 --> 00:17:59,760 SLIGHTLY EMBARRASSED TO SAY, BUT 517 00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:02,280 WE'RE DOING BETTER THAN SOME 518 00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:03,680 COUNTRIES BY BANNING CONVERSION 519 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:05,200 THERAPY JUST THIS YEAR BECAUSE 520 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:07,480 OF THE ABSOLUTE HARM IT HAS 521 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:10,960 CAUSED TO SO MANY INDIVIDUALS 522 00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:14,400 AND THE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT BINARY 523 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:16,760 DISCUSSIONS OF SEX AND MALES OR 524 00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:20,920 FEMALES BEING DEFEIGNED AS SERUM 525 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:22,840 TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IS RAGING 526 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:24,200 TODAY IN OEMILYIC SPORTS. 527 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:26,520 WE READ ABOUT IT EVERY YEAR HOW 528 00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:28,120 INTERSEX INDIVIDUALS FIT INTO 529 00:18:28,120 --> 00:18:30,000 THE MALE AND FEMALE CATEGORIES 530 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:31,280 BOTH FOR MARATHONS AND THE LAST 531 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:35,440 YEAR OR 2 IN SWIMMING 532 00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:35,800 COMPETITIONS. 533 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:36,800 SO FORTUNATELY WE HAVE AN 534 00:18:36,800 --> 00:18:37,360 EXPANDED DEVELOPMENTAL 535 00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:38,400 ENDOCRINOLOGY NEGZ OF SEX AND 536 00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:40,280 GENDER, AND I THINK MANY OF US 537 00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:42,080 WERE TRULY EXCITED ABOUT SEEING 538 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:50,680 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF 539 00:18:50,680 --> 00:18:51,520 SCIENCES ENGINEERING, CONSENSUS 540 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:52,360 AND MEASURING REPORT WHICH JUST 541 00:18:52,360 --> 00:18:53,440 CAME OUT THIS YEAR AND HERE I 542 00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:55,200 WOULD LIKE YOU TO FOCUS IN ON 543 00:18:55,200 --> 00:18:55,960 THE TERMINOLOGY. 544 00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:57,200 THE TERMINOLOGY HAS BEEN 545 00:18:57,200 --> 00:18:59,480 EXPANDED SUCH THAT SEX SHOULD 546 00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:03,200 AND IS TO BE CONSIDERED A 547 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:04,760 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT BASED 548 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:07,080 ON ANATOMICAL AND PHYSICAL 549 00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:09,760 TRAITS, PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS, 550 00:19:09,760 --> 00:19:11,240 GENITALIA, SECONDARY SEX 551 00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:12,320 CHARACTERISTICS, GONADS PROAM 552 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:14,760 KOAMS AND HORMONES AND IRPT SEX 553 00:19:14,760 --> 00:19:16,400 REFERS TO SEX TRAITS THAT DO NOT 554 00:19:16,400 --> 00:19:18,960 CORRESPOND TO THE SAME SEX, SO A 555 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,240 WAY WITH THE BINARY THINKING. 556 00:19:21,240 --> 00:19:24,040 GENDER HAS ALSO BEEN DEFEIGNED 557 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:26,680 AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT 558 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:29,480 THAT LINKS, GENDER IDENT WITH 559 00:19:29,480 --> 00:19:31,240 GENDER EXPRESSION WHICH HAS HELP 560 00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:32,760 COMMUNICATE GENDER TO OTHERS AS 561 00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:35,120 WELL AS SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS 562 00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:36,200 ABOUT STATICS, CHARACTERISTICS 563 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:38,960 AND BEHAVIOR, SO I MUCH MORE 564 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:40,200 EXPANDED DEFINITION WHICH I 565 00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:41,560 THINK SETS THE STAGE NICELY FOR 566 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:46,160 OUR VISION OF THE FUTURE OF SEX 567 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:48,040 AND GENDER SCIENCE. 568 00:19:48,040 --> 00:19:51,840 SO TO RECAP, BASED ON SOCIETAL 569 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:53,680 BELIEFS, WE'VE NOW GONE FROM A 570 00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:55,960 PLACE WHERE MALES THROUGHOUT THE 571 00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:57,840 20th CENTURY AND REDUCTIONIST 572 00:19:57,840 --> 00:19:59,360 MODEL OF SCIENCE, I WOULD SAY, 573 00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:02,080 WHERE MALES WERE THE DEFAULT 574 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:03,800 RESEARCH MODEL TO SEX 575 00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:05,040 DIFFERENCES RESEARCH WHERE MALES 576 00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:07,800 AND FEMALES WERE TO BE INCLUDED 577 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:12,760 TO SOME OF THE NEW PROGRAMS THAT 578 00:20:12,760 --> 00:20:13,720 YOU'VE INTRODUCED JANINE, WHERE 579 00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:16,040 THERE'S A SEX AND GENDER 580 00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:16,920 SUPPLEMENT WHERE GENDER NEEDS TO 581 00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:18,200 BE CONSIDERED IN ADDITION TO SEX 582 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:21,200 WHERE I HOPE YOU'RE GOING IN THE 583 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:22,640 FUTURE AND WHERE I SUSPECT WE 584 00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:25,240 ARE WHICH IS AN EXPANDED 585 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:27,240 DEFINITION OF WHAT SEX AND 586 00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:31,760 GENDER SCIENCE IS AND HOW TO 587 00:20:31,760 --> 00:20:34,000 APPLY THAT OPERATIONALLY. 588 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:35,320 SO IF THAT'S OUR VISION, THEN 589 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:36,280 HOW DO WE GET THERE? 590 00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:38,880 AND I THINK THAT THERE'S, YOU 591 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:42,360 KNOW THE FIRST STEP IS TO DEBUNK 592 00:20:42,360 --> 00:20:44,920 A LOT OF THE SCIENTIFIC 593 00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:46,160 ASSUMPTIONS THAT WERE FALSELY 594 00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:48,320 PUT IN PLACE BY DARWIN, BY 595 00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:50,280 MOONY, BY SOME OF THE REPORTS 596 00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:53,040 THAT WE HAD AND MY INDIGENOUS 597 00:20:53,040 --> 00:20:54,960 COLLEAGUE VS INTRODUCED ME TO A 598 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:55,880 PHRASE CALLED: THE IMPORTANCE 599 00:20:55,880 --> 00:20:57,640 OF LEARNING BUT ALSO UNLEARNING. 600 00:20:57,640 --> 00:20:59,080 SO WE NEED TO UNLEARN WHAT WE 601 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:03,080 THINK WE KNOW IN ORDERED TO 602 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:04,640 LEARN A MORE ACCURATE 603 00:21:04,640 --> 00:21:05,640 REPRESENTATION OF THE TRUTH IN 604 00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:06,680 THE NATURAL WORLD WHICH IS 605 00:21:06,680 --> 00:21:11,920 REALLY WHAT SCIENCE IS ALL 606 00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:12,520 ABOUT. 607 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:14,360 NOW WE SYRUPLY WOULDN'T BE THE 608 00:21:14,360 --> 00:21:16,200 FIRST TO DO THESE, SOMEONE 609 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:19,560 BROUGHT TO MY ATTENTION FLAT 610 00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:21,160 EARTH THEORY RECENTLY AND 611 00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:21,800 AVOIDING THE MISTAKES OF THE 612 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:25,080 PAST AND YOU MIGHT BE SURPRISED 613 00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:26,320 TO RECOGNIZE THERE'S PLENTY OF 614 00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:28,280 POO AROUND THE WORLD WHO 615 00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:29,520 GENUINELY BELIEVE THE EARTH IS 616 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:31,200 FLAT AND THE NUMBER IS RISING 617 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:33,480 DUE TO MISINFORMATION AND 618 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:37,120 THERE'S NOW AN ANNUAL FLAT EARTH 619 00:21:37,120 --> 00:21:37,840 CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL 620 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:39,480 CONFERENCE SO EVEN THOUGH 621 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:40,760 ARISTOTLE MANY, MANY YEARS AGO 622 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:42,320 DECLARED THAT THE EITHER WAS A 623 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:43,920 SPHERE AND THIS YOU LEARNED BY 624 00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:45,120 OBSERVATION, HE WENT DOWN TO 625 00:21:45,120 --> 00:21:47,960 EGYPT AND SAW THAT THE 626 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:49,600 CONSTELLATIONS HAD CHANGED AND 627 00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:57,880 GALILEO WAS PUT IN JAIL FOR 628 00:21:57,880 --> 00:21:59,680 HEARESSAY, SO IT STILL TOOK MORE 629 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:03,120 THAN 300 YEARS FOR THE CHURCH TO 630 00:22:03,120 --> 00:22:07,240 ADMIT THAT GALILEO WAS RIGHT AND 631 00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:09,840 CLEAR HIS NAME OF HRSES. 632 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:11,320 WHY DO I MENTION THIS BECAUSE I 633 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:12,760 DON'T THINK IT WILL TAKE 300 634 00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:14,360 YEARS TO MOVE TO THE NEXT 635 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:15,320 GENERATION OF SEX AND SCIENCE 636 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:17,080 BUT THERE ARE AND WILL BE PEOPLE 637 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:21,280 WHO PUSH BACK AND RESIST OUR 638 00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:25,800 SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS SO WHAT CAN 639 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:27,160 WE MOVE FROM--WHAT WE NEED TO 640 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,800 DID IS MOVE QUICKLY, LET'S 641 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:31,800 DEBUNK ASSUMPTIONS RIGHT NOW AND 642 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:33,000 THE FIRST ASSUMPTION THAT YOU 643 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:37,560 NEED TO DEBUNK IS THAT SEX AND 644 00:22:37,560 --> 00:22:38,960 GENDER ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE COB 645 00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:39,400 SEPTORSS. 646 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:41,720 WE STILL HEAR PEOPLE USE THE 647 00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:42,200 WORD INTERCHANGEABLY. 648 00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:43,400 IT'S IMPORTANT TO HEAR, WELL 649 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:44,040 THIS AUDIENCE KNOWS THE 650 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:46,360 DIFFERENCE BUT IF YOU ARE 651 00:22:46,360 --> 00:22:47,520 REVIEWING A MANUSCRIPT, IF YOU 652 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:49,160 ARE CORRECTING A THESIS, IF 653 00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:52,600 YOU'RE IN CLASS, AND SOMEBODY 654 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:55,320 SAYS, GENDER IN LIEU OF SEX OR 655 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:57,920 THE GENDER OF MICE, I TOOK THEM 656 00:22:57,920 --> 00:22:59,160 INTO CONSIDERATION THEN PLEASE, 657 00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:02,000 PLEASE CORRECT AND BE PRECISE 658 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,320 AND ACCURATE IN YOUR TERMINOLOGY 659 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:05,480 BECAUSE OF SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY 660 00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:08,520 THAT SEX REFERS TO THE 661 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:10,440 BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HUMANS 662 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:12,040 AND ANIMALS, AND THAT GENDER 663 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:14,360 REFERS TO THE SOCIALLY 664 00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:18,680 CONSTRUCTED RULES, BEHAVIORS 665 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:20,920 EXPRESSIONS, IDENTITY, OF GIRLS, 666 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:22,240 WOMEN, BOYS, MEN AND GENDER 667 00:23:22,240 --> 00:23:22,880 DIVERSE PEOPLE. 668 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:24,280 SO THAT'S THE FESTER THING WE 669 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:26,200 CAN DO IS START BEING PRECISE 670 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:27,120 WITH OUR LANGUAGE. 671 00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:27,920 THE SECOND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER I 672 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:30,160 WOULD INVITE TO YOU DO IS TO 673 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:31,960 DEBUNK THE ASUSMTIONZ THAT SEX 674 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:36,800 AND GENDER ARE BINARY CONCEPTS. 675 00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:37,360 THEY ARE NOT. 676 00:23:37,360 --> 00:23:42,360 BOTH SEX AND GENDER EXIST ON A 677 00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:43,000 SPECTRUM. 678 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,240 A SPECTRUM WHERE BIOLOGICAL 679 00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:46,520 ATTRIBUTES AND SOCIAL IDENTITIES 680 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:49,280 AND EXPRESSIONS ARE NOT TO BE 681 00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:50,880 CATEGORIZED IN CERTAIN BOXES AND 682 00:23:50,880 --> 00:23:52,800 THAT'S GOING TO BE IMPORTANT 683 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:55,200 BECAUSE SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW OR 684 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,280 HAVE HEARD THAT THERE'S EVEN 685 00:23:57,280 --> 00:23:59,200 RESISTANCE TO THE TERM SEX 686 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:00,320 DIFFERENCES NOW, BECAUSE IT'S 687 00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:01,680 TOO BINARY AND YOU WILL NOTICE 688 00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:04,360 THAT BOTH AT THE NIH AND IN 689 00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:05,760 CANADA, THE CANADIAN INNSITUTES 690 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:08,960 OF HEALTH RESEARCH, WE USE 691 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:10,400 TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS ACCOUNTING 692 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:12,680 FOR SEX OR ACCOUNTING FOR GENDER 693 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:15,120 BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCE 694 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:17,480 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONCEPTS AND I 695 00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:18,880 THINK IF YOU CAN IT WOULD BE 696 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:21,960 IMPORTANT TO TRY TO THINK OF, 697 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:24,920 SEX IS A LITTLE MORE--MORE 698 00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:26,880 HARDER THAN GENDER BUT SEX DOES 699 00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:29,520 EXIST ON A SPECTRUM, THINK OF 700 00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:31,400 IMMORTAL CELL LEANS, IT'S NOT 701 00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:33,520 AWLTZ CLEAR WHAT SEX IS, SEXUAL 702 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:35,960 CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS AND 703 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:37,440 TRIBUTES WILL EXIST NOT ONLY AS 704 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:40,080 MALE AND FEMALE IN OUR RESEARCH. 705 00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:41,840 THE THIRD ASSUMPTION THAT NEEDS 706 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:43,600 TO BE DEBUNKED IS THAT SEX AND 707 00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:45,000 GENDER NEED TO BE BROKEN DOWN 708 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:47,080 INTO SIMPLE AND UNRELATED 709 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:48,000 CONCEPTS. 710 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:48,920 THE TERM MULTIDIMENSIONAL CAME 711 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:52,920 UP BOTH IN THE NEW NATIONAL 712 00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:55,000 ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING 713 00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:56,280 AND MEDICINE DEFINITION AND 714 00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:01,080 ALSO, IN A LOT OF SUBMISSIONS 715 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:03,960 WE'RE USE NOTHING CANADA AND SEX 716 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:07,680 AS BEING MULTIDIMENSIONAL, 717 00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:09,680 GENES, HORMONES, PHYSIOLOGY, 718 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:10,360 SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS, 719 00:25:10,360 --> 00:25:12,040 GONADS BUT GENDER TOO IS 720 00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:13,160 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCTY 721 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:14,200 DIMENSIONAL AND I WOULD INVITE 722 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,000 TO YOU NEVER JUST SAY GENDER. 723 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:17,880 I WOULD INVITE TO YOU USE THE 724 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,400 TERM GENDER IDENTITY IF YOU'RE 725 00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:23,720 TALKING ABOUT FOLKS INNER SENSE 726 00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:28,640 OF SELF-AS MASCULINE, FELPS 19, 727 00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:30,960 BOTH, NEITHER, IN BETWEEN. 728 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:32,920 THE TERM CISGENDER IT DOES NOT 729 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,280 MATCH THE SEX ASSIGNED AT BIRTH, 730 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:38,520 USE THE WORD TRANSGENDER IF THE 731 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:40,280 IDENTITY--CIS GENDER IF IT DOES 732 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:41,920 MATCH THE SEX AT BIRTH, 733 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:43,600 TRANSGENDER DIFFERENCES FER DID 734 00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,480 DOES NOT MATCH THE SEX ASSIGNED 735 00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,480 AT BIRTH OR GENDER NONCONFORMING 736 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:50,120 OR NONBINARY IF IT'S SOMEWHERE 737 00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:50,400 IN BETWEEN. 738 00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:53,480 BUT GENDER CAN ALSO REFER 739 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:55,840 TOIENDER RULES, IT REFLECT 740 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:56,880 ASSOCIATAL EXPECTATIONS. 741 00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:58,400 DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN MOONY SAID 742 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:01,160 THIS WILL DETERMINE A PERSON'S 743 00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:02,240 PROPER SEXUAL ORIENTATION, A LOT 744 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:04,080 OF JUDGMENT THERE, A LOT OF 745 00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:06,400 ASSUMPTIONS THAT ARE VERY 746 00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:07,800 CONTEXT DEPENDENT, TIME AND 747 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:09,240 SETTING DEPENDENT AND GENDER 748 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:10,880 ROLES WILL HAVE INFLUENCES ON 749 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:12,720 EVERYDAY BEHAVIORS AS WELL AS 750 00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:14,920 POWER RELATIONS, AND POWER 751 00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:17,240 RELATIONS ARE OFTEN RELATED TO 752 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:17,960 INIQUITIES IN HEALTH WHICH IS 753 00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:21,560 WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO ADDRESS. 754 00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:24,000 GENDER RULES, ALSO RELATED TO 755 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,000 OCCUPATION, ROLES IN THE HOME, 756 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:26,960 LEISURE ACTIVITY, DECISION 757 00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:29,000 MAKING POWER AND SO, THE 758 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:31,240 BIOLOGICAL AND THE SOCIAL DO NOT 759 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:32,760 EXIST IN ISOLATION WHILE WE 760 00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:35,160 STILL HAVE TO BE CLEAR WITH OUR 761 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,120 TURNS, YOU WILL SEE HERE THAT 762 00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:39,360 GENDER IN YELLOW CAN INFLUENCE 763 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:41,720 OUR INTERNAL BIOLOGY AND SEX 764 00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:44,400 BIOLOGY CAN VERY MUCH INFLUENCE 765 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:45,560 OUR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, SUCH 766 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:48,800 THAT SEX AND GENDER SCIENCE IS 767 00:26:48,800 --> 00:26:49,400 BI-DIRECTIONAL AND INTERACTIVE 768 00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:52,000 AND NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED AS 769 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:52,280 SUCH. 770 00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:54,880 WE PROBABLY LIMIT OUR 771 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:56,640 UNDERSTANDING IF WE ARTIFICIALLY 772 00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:58,880 SEPARATE THE 2 AND MANY FOLKS IN 773 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:00,600 CANADA HAVE SUGGESTED THAT WE 774 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:03,160 START USING THE TERM SEX GENDER 775 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:05,360 TO REFER TO THE 776 00:27:05,360 --> 00:27:08,560 INTER-RELATEDNESS OF SEX AND 777 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:08,800 GENDER. 778 00:27:08,800 --> 00:27:11,120 HOW DOES THIS GET 779 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:11,600 OPERATIONALIZED? 780 00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:12,880 IT'S COMPLEX, AS CAN YOU SEE 781 00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:13,880 FROM THE COMPLEXITY OF THE 782 00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:15,840 SLIDE, BUT IF YOU COMBINE SEX 783 00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:18,120 AND GENDER IN ANALYSIS AND TAKE 784 00:27:18,120 --> 00:27:20,560 A NUMBER AS AN EXAMPLE AND YOU 785 00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:23,000 OBSERVE THAT AS WAS MORE COMMON 786 00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:24,360 IN MALES, BEFORE PUBERTY BUT 787 00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:28,360 MORE COMMON IN FEMALES 788 00:27:28,360 --> 00:27:29,800 AFTERWARDS, YOU COULD ASK THE 789 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:30,320 QUESTION WHY? 790 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,560 IS THIS DUE TO SEX, BIOLOGICAL 791 00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:35,040 FACTORS OR JEBDER SOCIOLOGICAL 792 00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:36,120 CULTURAL AND BEHAVIORIAL 793 00:27:36,120 --> 00:27:36,360 FACTORS? 794 00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:38,040 AND ON THE SEX RELATED 795 00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:39,520 HYPOTHESIS SIDE, YOU MIGHT 796 00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:40,920 REFLECT ON SEX DIFFERENCES IN 797 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:43,160 LUNG WITH DEVELOPMENT, HORMONE 798 00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:46,040 LEVELS, IN IMMUNE RESPONSES TO 799 00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:46,880 ALLERGENS,OT GENDER SIDE YOU 800 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:48,160 MIGHT THINK ABOUT DIFFERENCES IN 801 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:50,920 GENDER PLAY OR OCCUPATION ISSUES 802 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:53,440 DIFFERENCES IN SMOKING HABITS, 803 00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:55,520 FOR WOMEN DIFFERENCES IN BELIEF 804 00:27:55,520 --> 00:27:57,640 IN ADHERENCE TO ASTHMA 805 00:27:57,640 --> 00:27:58,560 MEDICATION ESPECIALLY DURING 806 00:27:58,560 --> 00:27:59,720 PREGNANCY WHEN THERE'S UNFOUNDED 807 00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:03,280 FEAR THAT MAY BE TAKING STEROIDS 808 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:04,720 MIGHT AFFECT THE FETUS. 809 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:06,520 AND SO GENDER FACTORS CAN 810 00:28:06,520 --> 00:28:08,360 INFLUENCE THE BIOLOGY, BOYS MAY 811 00:28:08,360 --> 00:28:10,120 BE MORE LIKELY TO ENGAGE IN 812 00:28:10,120 --> 00:28:12,440 OUTDOOR PLAY AND THUS INFLUENCE 813 00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:14,080 THE MICROBES AND POLLUTE ANTS 814 00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:15,520 THEY ARE EXPOSED TO IN THE SAND 815 00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:18,280 BOX AND THESE CAN INFLUENCE 816 00:28:18,280 --> 00:28:20,400 EPIGENETIC PROCESS SAYS WHICH IN 817 00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:21,680 TURN CAN MODIFY GENE EXPRESSION. 818 00:28:21,680 --> 00:28:22,960 SO SEX PERSON'S GENDER 819 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:23,920 CONTRIBUTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO 820 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,360 SEPARATE, BUT MORE AND MORE 821 00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:28,920 STUDIES ARE FACTORING INTO STUDY 822 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:30,160 DESIGNS, ESPECIALLY THOSE 823 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:32,320 INVOLVES HUMANS BOTH SEX RELATED 824 00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:42,800 FACTORS, AND GENDER RELATED 825 00:28:44,040 --> 00:28:44,200 FACTORS. 826 00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:52,880 HOW MANY OF YOU KNOW THAT THE 827 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:55,480 CANADIAN HAVE MADE A STUDY 828 00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:57,280 REGARDING THIS AND BOTH HAPPEN 829 00:28:57,280 --> 00:28:58,800 IN THE ENVIRONMENTMENT AND 830 00:28:58,800 --> 00:28:59,920 SOCIAL INTERACTIONS. 831 00:28:59,920 --> 00:29:01,200 THE FIELD EMBRACES MANY 832 00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:02,280 DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES AND TRIES 833 00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:04,160 TO UNDERSTAND HOW GENES, 834 00:29:04,160 --> 00:29:05,240 ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL STIGMA AND 835 00:29:05,240 --> 00:29:07,760 OTHER CONDITIONS LOS ANGELES AS 836 00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:08,560 WELL INTERSECTING FACTORS 837 00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:08,800 COMBINE. 838 00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:11,680 SO WHERE DOES THIS LEAD YOU? 839 00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:14,800 WELL, YOU, I THINK RIGHT NOW, 840 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:16,800 ARE FOCUSING IF YOU'RE 841 00:29:16,800 --> 00:29:17,480 RESEARCHERS AND YOU'RE SCORE 842 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:19,120 INVESTIGATORS IF YOU ARE 843 00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:20,440 LISTENING TO THIS AND YOU'RE NOT 844 00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:21,600 A RESEARCHER OR SCORE 845 00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:22,560 INVESTIGATOR THEN GO ALONG WITH 846 00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:23,720 ME BECAUSE YOU CAN STILL HELP 847 00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:27,680 BUT YOU PROBABLY ARE FOCUSING ON 848 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:28,320 METHODS, AND MECHANISMS. 849 00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:30,160 AND THAT'S WHERE WE NEED TO BE 850 00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:31,920 FOCUSING ON, BOTH BY MAIN 851 00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:33,720 STREAMING BEST PRACTICES IN SEX 852 00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:36,360 AND GENDER, BUT ALSO GROWING THE 853 00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:37,760 SCIENCE OF SEX AND GENDER. 854 00:29:37,760 --> 00:29:41,560 WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE? 855 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:44,000 WELL WE'RE CERTAINLY NOT 856 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,440 STARTING FROM SCRATCH, JANINE, 857 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:49,440 YOU MENTIONED THE SABV POLICY. 858 00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:51,720 I THINK IT'S BECOMING FAIRLY 859 00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:54,240 MAIN STREAM WHERE SEX IS 860 00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:55,720 RELEVANT, SHOULD --I BE 861 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:57,320 INCLUDING BOTH SEXES AND SHOULD 862 00:29:57,320 --> 00:29:59,880 I STRATIFY MY RESULTS AS SEX, 863 00:29:59,880 --> 00:30:01,280 AND YES, BECAUSE IF YOU DON'T 864 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,240 YOU MESS IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES. 865 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,000 IN BASIC SCIENCE MAIN STREAMING 866 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:07,840 BEST PRACTICES IS ENUMERATING 867 00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:09,320 HOW MANY MALE SUBJECTS HAVE YOU 868 00:30:09,320 --> 00:30:10,560 IN YOUR STUDY, WHETHER IT'S 869 00:30:10,560 --> 00:30:12,840 CELLS OR ANIMALS AND HOW MANY 870 00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:14,400 MALES MEANS PLOTTING OUT THE 871 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:15,560 DIFFERENCES, LOOKING AT THE RAW 872 00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:17,320 DATA EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT POWERED 873 00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:19,200 TO LOOK AT DIFFERENCES, LOOK AT 874 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,640 THE RAW DATA TO SEE IF THERE'S 875 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:22,680 ANY TRENDS IN EXPLORATORY 876 00:30:22,680 --> 00:30:28,200 FASHION SO THAT YOU CAN PAUSE A 877 00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:30,240 HYPOTHESIS AND THEN TEST THESE 878 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:31,160 HYPOTHESIS WITH WELL-POWERED 879 00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:31,640 STUDIES. 880 00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:33,200 THIS IS SORT OF STANDARD 881 00:30:33,200 --> 00:30:33,960 PRACTICE RIGHT NOW. 882 00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:36,080 AND IF FOLKS ARE NOT DOING THIS 883 00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:38,720 THEN THEY NEED TO BE CALLED OUT 884 00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:40,120 AND HELD ACCOUNTABLE. 885 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:41,520 GROWING THE SCIENCE IS MORE 886 00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:45,040 ABOUT DEVELOPING NEW METHODS AND 887 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:47,360 OF COURSE, ON THE SCORE 888 00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:49,120 [INDISCERNIBLE] GENO TYPES MODEL 889 00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:52,920 IS A GOOD PICTURE CHILD FOR THIS 890 00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:58,880 WHERE BY GENETICALLY 891 00:30:58,880 --> 00:30:59,760 ALTASDERATING--ALTASDERATING, 892 00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:00,760 ALTERING GENETICALLY ALTERING 893 00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:03,080 MICE, CAN YOU COMPARE THEM WITH 894 00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:04,240 DIFFERENT SEX CHROMOSOME 895 00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:05,880 COMPLEMENTS WHO KEPT THEIR 896 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:08,080 GONADS OR SEX HORMONES CONSTANT 897 00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:09,600 WITH MICE WHO HAVE DIFFERENT 898 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:12,960 ADULT TYPES AND KEEPING THE SEX 899 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:14,320 CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT CONSTANT. 900 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:16,400 SO SEX HORMONES VERSUS SEX 901 00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:20,920 GENETICS, AND THIS WILL HELP 902 00:31:20,920 --> 00:31:22,280 ELUC DATE MECHANISMS. 903 00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:23,320 BUT ULTIMATELY GROWING THE 904 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,880 SCIENCE MEANS ANSWERING THE 905 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:27,960 QUESTION WHY. 906 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:30,160 WHY DO WE ALMOST EVERY SINGLE 907 00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:32,960 CONDITION WHETHER IT'S CHRONIC 908 00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:35,240 DISEASE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 909 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:35,960 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, WHY 910 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:37,880 AROUND THE WORLD, I MEAN, TALK 911 00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:40,280 ABOUT, YOU KNOW, YEAH, NO 1 WILL 912 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:43,440 EVER ACCUSE YOU OF NOT HAVING A 913 00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:45,160 LARGE ENOUGH SAMPLE SIZE TO 914 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:45,920 STUDY DISEASE PREVALENCE AROUND 915 00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:49,760 THE WORLD AND HERE WE SEE VERY, 916 00:31:49,760 --> 00:31:50,960 VERY SIGNIFICANT SEX DIFFERENCES 917 00:31:50,960 --> 00:31:52,240 AND ALMOST EVERY SINGLE 918 00:31:52,240 --> 00:31:56,600 CONDITION LISTED ON THIS SLIDE. 919 00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:59,200 AND SO EXPLORING MECHANISMS WILL 920 00:31:59,200 --> 00:32:00,120 MEAN DOING A DEEP DIVE. 921 00:32:00,120 --> 00:32:02,000 AND I DON'T THINK IT MEANS TO 922 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:04,440 SAY OH, YEAH, YEAH, YEAH, IT'S 923 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:05,640 PROBABLY THE SEX HORMONE LEVELS 924 00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:07,240 BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY OTHER 925 00:32:07,240 --> 00:32:08,480 EXCITING MECHANISMS THAT ARE 926 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:10,360 BEGGING TO BE EXPLORED. 927 00:32:10,360 --> 00:32:12,160 NOT JUST LOOKING AT THE SEX 928 00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:13,160 CHROMOSOMES, BUT TECHNOLOGY 929 00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:16,080 TRANSFERS LIKE THE MOSAIC OF 930 00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:17,120 WHY-CHROMOSOMES AND BLOOD CELLS 931 00:32:17,120 --> 00:32:19,560 WITH AGE OR LOOKING AT X-IN 932 00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:20,600 ACTIVATION. 933 00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:23,080 WE KNOW THAT 10-15% OF GENES 934 00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:26,160 ESCAPE IN ACTIVATION WHICH IS 935 00:32:26,160 --> 00:32:28,120 WHEN 1 GENOME THAT 2 936 00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:29,560 X-CHROMOSOMES ARE SILENT SO YOU 937 00:32:29,560 --> 00:32:31,040 DON'T HAVE AN OVERDOSE OF 938 00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:32,400 EXPRESSION BUT SOMETIMES THAT 939 00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:36,440 ESCAPES AND YOU TOO, IT MEANS 940 00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:37,520 LOOKING AT AUTOSOMAL GENE 941 00:32:37,520 --> 00:32:39,480 EXPRESSION, WE KNOW THAT 85-90% 942 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:41,760 OF GENES ARE EXHIBITING SEX BIAS 943 00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:45,080 IN HUMANS SO IT'S NOT JUST THE 944 00:32:45,080 --> 00:32:46,320 SEX CHROMOSOMES. 945 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:48,720 AND EPIGENETICS IS ALSO EXCITING 946 00:32:48,720 --> 00:32:50,560 WHERE SPERM RNAs HAVE BEEN 947 00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:53,000 KNOWN TO TRANSMIT GENERATIONAL 948 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:54,280 EPIGENETIC INFORMATION AND MOST 949 00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:55,920 RECENTLY I WAS INVITED TO GIVE A 950 00:32:55,920 --> 00:32:58,040 TALK ON DPLIEK O BIOLOGY. 951 00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:02,920 DO ANY OF YOU KNOW WHAT GLYCO 952 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:03,920 BIOLOGY? 953 00:33:03,920 --> 00:33:07,600 THEY'RE ABOUT GLYCANS OR SUGAR 954 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:12,560 MOLECULES, THE HYDRATES THAT 955 00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:14,960 COAT CELL WALLS AND ARE FOUND ON 956 00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:16,680 ANTIBODIES AND HELP WITH 957 00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:17,640 RECOGNITION. 958 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:19,520 DURING THIS TALK I LEARNED A 959 00:33:19,520 --> 00:33:21,160 LOT, AND POSSED THE QUESTION 960 00:33:21,160 --> 00:33:23,600 COULD THERE BE SEX DIFFERENCES 961 00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:24,240 IN GLYCOSYLATION PATTERNS 962 00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:26,400 BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES? 963 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:28,680 YOU CAN GUESS WHAT THE ANSWER IS 964 00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:30,120 OR I WOULDN'T BE PUTTING IT IN 965 00:33:30,120 --> 00:33:34,000 THE TALK HERE AND THE ANSWER WAS 966 00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:35,760 UNEQUIVOCALLY YES, I DON'T NEED 967 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:38,080 YOU TO KNOW WHAT AN N-GLYCAN 968 00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:40,800 PROFILE IS, BUT IF YOU'RE 969 00:33:40,800 --> 00:33:42,520 CURIOUS, THE N-FOR THE NITROGEN 970 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:45,240 ATOM AND LET'S SAY THE PROTEIN, 971 00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:48,280 YOU KNOW THE WE ARE THE 972 00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:50,280 CARBOHYDRATE BIND TOO AND WHAT 973 00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:51,360 HAPPENS WHEN THE CARBOHYDRATE 974 00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:53,200 BINDS AND SOME OF YOU ARE BASIC 975 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:54,840 SCIENTISTS IS THAT YOU CAN HAVE 976 00:33:54,840 --> 00:33:56,360 DIFFERENT KIND OF BRANCHING 977 00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:57,800 PATTERNS OF THESE LITTLE SUGAR 978 00:33:57,800 --> 00:33:59,080 MOLECULES LIKE I SHOWED YOU IN 979 00:33:59,080 --> 00:34:00,960 THE LAST SLIDE AND IT TURNS OUT 980 00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:02,840 THERE ARE A SIGNIFICANT SEX 981 00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:04,600 DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY THE 982 00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:06,560 SUGARS ARE BRANCHING OFF THE 983 00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:07,960 ANTIBODIES FOR INSTANCE, AND 984 00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:10,920 THAT THIS CHANGES WITH AGE AND 985 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:12,920 CAN VERY MUCH BE 1 OF THE 986 00:34:12,920 --> 00:34:14,080 UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND I 987 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:15,760 DON'T KNOW, BUT I'M JUST SAYING 988 00:34:15,760 --> 00:34:17,920 THE IN TEBTIAL FOR DISCOVERY IS 989 00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:21,280 HUGE HERE IF WE START ASKING 990 00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:22,920 ABOUT THE WHY. 991 00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:25,040 WE ALREADY KNOW THAT PROTEINS 992 00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:27,320 CAN BE INFLUENCED BY SEX AND 993 00:34:27,320 --> 00:34:29,960 THEY CAN EXPLAIN 13% OF 994 00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:32,640 VARIABILITY AND PROTEIN COMPLEX 995 00:34:32,640 --> 00:34:33,520 ABUNDANCE AND STOIKIOTETRY WHICH 996 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:36,920 IS HOW THEY LOOK AND THEY'RE 3 997 00:34:36,920 --> 00:34:37,760 DIMENSIONAL SHAPES ARE SO WE 998 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,600 KNOW A LOT BUT WE HAVE SO MUCH 999 00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:44,240 MORE TO LEARN HOW DOES THIS 1000 00:34:44,240 --> 00:34:46,000 APPLY TO HUMANS WELL IF YOU'RE 1001 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:47,080 DOING BASIC SCIENCE AND I DON'T 1002 00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:48,840 EVER WANT TO HEAR YOU SAY THE 1003 00:34:48,840 --> 00:34:49,800 WORD GENDER UNLESS YOU'RE DOING 1004 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:52,840 A SEX AND GENDER BASED ANALYSIS 1005 00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:55,920 PROJECT AT LEVEL 3 HADN'T 3 YOU 1006 00:34:55,920 --> 00:34:58,720 KNOW 301, LIKE THE 101, VERSUS 1007 00:34:58,720 --> 00:35:01,480 THE 301, VERY SOPHISTICATE I 1008 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:03,240 DON'T EVER WANT TO HEAR BASIC 1009 00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:04,080 SCIENCE SAY GENDER UNLESS THEY 1010 00:35:04,080 --> 00:35:05,360 KNOW WHAT THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT 1011 00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:06,640 BUT IN HUMANS OF COURSE, YOU 1012 00:35:06,640 --> 00:35:08,200 HAVE TO THINK ABOUT BOTH AND WE 1013 00:35:08,200 --> 00:35:10,600 TALKED ABOUT ASTHMA AND LUNG 1014 00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:12,960 DISEASE AND SO IF YOU'RE REALLY 1015 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:19,160 TRYING TO ELUC DATE THE UNDER 1016 00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:20,680 LYING MECHANISMS BETWEEN SEX 1017 00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:22,200 DIFFERENCES OR GENES AND THE 1018 00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:24,240 ANATOMY BE IT MOLECULAR OR ORGAN 1019 00:35:24,240 --> 00:35:27,040 BIASED BUT ALSO TO BE LOOKING AT 1020 00:35:27,040 --> 00:35:27,840 INTERRELATED EXPOSURES AND HERE 1021 00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:29,080 I WILL BE SPECIFIC IN THE NEXT 1022 00:35:29,080 --> 00:35:30,960 SLIDE, SO I WILL SAY WHEN I'M 1023 00:35:30,960 --> 00:35:32,280 TALKING ABOUT GENDER ROLES AND 1024 00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:33,760 WHEN I'M TALKING ABOUT GENDER 1025 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:35,520 IDENTITY AND HOW THESE INTERACT. 1026 00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:38,000 SO THINK ABOUT TOXIC LUNG 1027 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:42,120 EXPOSURES DUE TO GENDER RULES, 1028 00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:43,440 OR GENDER EXPECTATIONS ON FOLKS 1029 00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:44,640 IN THE BEHAVIORS AND 1030 00:35:44,640 --> 00:35:46,480 OCCUPATIONS, THAT THEY'RE GOING 1031 00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:47,360 TO ADOPT. 1032 00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:50,760 SO FOR MANY, MEN BEING MORE, MAY 1033 00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:53,480 BE MORE LIKELY EXPOSED TO 1034 00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:54,400 ASBESTOS BECAUSE OF THEIR 1035 00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:56,040 INVOLVEMENT IN THE MINING 1036 00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:57,920 INDUSTRY OR TO WOOD DUST BECAUSE 1037 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:00,400 OF THEIR ROLES IN FURNITURE OR 1038 00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:01,920 AND CONSTRUCTION, YOU KNOW JOBS, 1039 00:36:01,920 --> 00:36:06,440 AND WOMEN MAY BE MORE PREVALENT 1040 00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:08,880 IN HAIR SALONS, AGAIN IT'S A 1041 00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:10,160 GBLIZATION, NOT BINARY BUT THEY 1042 00:36:10,160 --> 00:36:11,920 MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO BE EXPOSED 1043 00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:14,080 ESPECIALLY IN THE PAST TO THINGS 1044 00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:15,920 LIKE FORMALDEHYDE OR LAUNDRY AND 1045 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:16,920 CLEANING SOLVENTS BECAUSE OF THE 1046 00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:18,440 GENDER ROLES AND THIS MAY HAVE 1047 00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:21,040 AN INFLUENCE AND ISHT ACTION 1048 00:36:21,040 --> 00:36:31,560 WITH SEX ON THE PREVALENCE AND 1049 00:36:32,240 --> 00:36:32,640 INCIDENCE OF DISEASE. 1050 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:34,320 NOW I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT 1051 00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:36,040 GENDER IDENTITY, IT CAN ALSO 1052 00:36:36,040 --> 00:36:37,680 INFLUENCE THE HORMONES, THE 1053 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:38,880 EXOGENOUS HORMONES YOU ARE 1054 00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:40,480 TAKING AND IT'S NOT JUST FOR 1055 00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:41,560 TRANSFOLK WHERE THIS OCCURS, 1056 00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:44,800 IT'S ALSO FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE 1057 00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:46,160 TAKING EXOGENOUS HORMONES SAY 1058 00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:48,080 FOR THE TREATMENT OF BEST CANCER 1059 00:36:48,080 --> 00:36:51,960 OR PROSTATE CANCER AND SO, THE 1060 00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:53,960 HORMONES WILL THEN INFLUENCE 1061 00:36:53,960 --> 00:36:58,520 BILATERALLY, YOU KNOW BACK AND 1062 00:36:58,520 --> 00:37:00,160 FORTH BOTH YOUR INSIDES AND 1063 00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:02,760 OUTSIDES, SO AS WE ARE GIVING 1064 00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:03,920 GENDER AFFIRMING THERAPIES FROM 1065 00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:05,120 EARLIER AND EARLIER 1066 00:37:05,120 --> 00:37:07,280 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TELL BE 1067 00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:09,320 REALLY INTERESTING TO SEE WHAT 1068 00:37:09,320 --> 00:37:12,640 EFFECT THIS HAS ALMOST IN A 1069 00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:14,000 QUASI EXPERIMENT AMILLIO FASHION 1070 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:15,960 ON THAT SEX PREVALENCE OF 1071 00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:17,840 DISEASE AND WHETHER IT CHEANKS 1072 00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:21,160 FOR TRANSFOLK WHO ARE TAKING 1073 00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:21,800 GENDER AFFIRMING OR NONBIENAR 1074 00:37:21,800 --> 00:37:24,360 FOLK WHO ARE TAKING GENDER 1075 00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:25,120 AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPIES. 1076 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:25,800 SO I THINK 1 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 1077 00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:30,160 THAT YOU SHOULD BE ASKING IS 1078 00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:31,160 WHICH COMPONENTS OF GENDER MAY 1079 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,200 BE REEL KEEPSAKES VABT TO YOUR 1080 00:37:33,200 --> 00:37:33,480 ANALYSIS. 1081 00:37:33,480 --> 00:37:35,280 IF YOU ARE HARVESTING CELLS WHAT 1082 00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:38,720 IS THE HORMONE STATUS OF THE 1083 00:37:38,720 --> 00:37:40,040 INDIVIDUALS WHO YOU ARE 1084 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:41,320 HARVESTING STEM CELLS FROM AND 1085 00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:46,080 ARE THEY EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT 1086 00:37:46,080 --> 00:37:46,800 HORMONAL MILIEUs. 1087 00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,400 AND OTHER EXAMPLES OF GENDER 1088 00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:49,920 RELATED VARIABLES BUT MAY BE 1089 00:37:49,920 --> 00:37:50,160 RELEVANT. 1090 00:37:50,160 --> 00:37:52,520 SO AGAIN IF YOU'RE DOING HUMAN 1091 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:54,560 STUDIES, CLINICAL STUDIES, 1092 00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:55,920 HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH, PUBLIC 1093 00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:57,560 HEALTH RESEARCH AND ALWAYS 1094 00:37:57,560 --> 00:37:59,440 TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE 1095 00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:00,960 DIFFERENT GENDER RELATED 1096 00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:02,720 VARIABLES, UNDER GENDER ROLES, 1097 00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:04,720 GENDER RELATIONS OR 1098 00:38:04,720 --> 00:38:05,640 INSTITUTIONAL GENDER, WILL BE 1099 00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:06,040 IMPORTANT. 1100 00:38:06,040 --> 00:38:08,120 WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THOSE 1101 00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:09,200 VARIABLES, WELL, YOU ASKED THE 1102 00:38:09,200 --> 00:38:11,240 QUESTION, IF I SEE A SEX 1103 00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:12,920 DIFFERENCE IN A CERTAIN 1104 00:38:12,920 --> 00:38:14,880 CONDITION, COULD IT BE EXPLAINED 1105 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:17,280 BY A GENDER RELATED VARIABLE? 1106 00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:19,760 AND AM I ABLE TO IN MY DATA SET 1107 00:38:19,760 --> 00:38:23,080 FOR INSTANCE, TO BE ABLE TO 1108 00:38:23,080 --> 00:38:24,560 CONSTRUCT A GENDER SCORE AND 1109 00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:26,520 THIS IS WHAT NEW METHODS IN SEX 1110 00:38:26,520 --> 00:38:27,720 AND GENDER SCIENCE LOOK LIKE. 1111 00:38:27,720 --> 00:38:32,320 IT'S WHAT WAS DONE BY LUIS 1112 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:33,360 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND HER TEAM AND 1113 00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:36,320 A FEW TEAMS BY NOW. 1114 00:38:36,320 --> 00:38:37,960 THEY ASK WHICH SEX DIFFERENCES 1115 00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:42,240 ARE RELEVANT AND THEN THEY 1116 00:38:42,240 --> 00:38:43,880 COLLECT THEM BY SURVEYS OR IN 1117 00:38:43,880 --> 00:38:45,080 CANADA WE HAVE COMMUNITY SURVEYS 1118 00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:48,520 AND THEY CREATE A GEPPEDDER 1119 00:38:48,520 --> 00:38:48,720 SCORE. 1120 00:38:48,720 --> 00:38:50,360 AND THEY ASK QUESTIONS SUCH AS 1121 00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:55,280 WELL, IS IT SEX OR IS IT GENDER 1122 00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:56,960 RELATED CHARACTERISTICS WHICH 1123 00:38:56,960 --> 00:38:58,680 MOST SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICT 1124 00:38:58,680 --> 00:39:00,360 OUTCOMES AFTER EARLY HEART 1125 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:02,520 ATTACK AND IN THIS STUDY BY 1126 00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,840 CREATING A GENDER SCORE, IT WAS 1127 00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:08,200 DEMONSTRATED THAT FEMALE GENDER 1128 00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:10,640 INDEPENDENT OF SEX IS WHAT BEST 1129 00:39:10,640 --> 00:39:12,360 PREDICTS POOR OUTCOMES AFTER 1130 00:39:12,360 --> 00:39:14,200 HEART ATTACKS IN MIDDLE AGED 1131 00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:16,000 INDIVIDUALS AND YOU MIGHT SAY 1132 00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,400 YEAH, ABOUT YOU HOW CAN YOU 1133 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:19,560 DIFFERENTIATE SEX AND GENDER. 1134 00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:20,800 AND HERE WE PLOT OFFICE OF 1135 00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:21,880 DIVERSITY THE X-AXIS, YOU KNOW 1136 00:39:21,880 --> 00:39:25,200 THE GENDER SCORE OF INDIVIDUALS 1137 00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:27,880 BASED ON FEMININE OR MASCULINE 1138 00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:28,920 CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON 1139 00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:30,080 DEFINITE ROLES AND OCCUPATIONS 1140 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:32,720 AND ACCORDING TO SEX AND IT 1141 00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:33,840 DISTRIBUTES DIFFERENTLY FOR MEN 1142 00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:34,720 THAN WOMEN. 1143 00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:37,040 SO THIS IS DOABLE, THIS IS 1144 00:39:37,040 --> 00:39:38,760 POSSIBLE, I NOW KNOW ABOUT 6 1145 00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:40,280 DIFFERENT STUDIES THAT HAVE 1146 00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:41,560 CREATED DIFFERENT GENDER SCORES 1147 00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:43,720 AND IT'S CONTRIBUTING TO OUR 1148 00:39:43,720 --> 00:39:50,920 KNOWLEDGE AND EVIDENCE ON SEX 1149 00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:52,080 AND GENDER. 1150 00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:53,920 WHY DOES IT MATTER IS THIS WHAT 1151 00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:55,560 EXPLAINS THE SEX DIFFERENCES? 1152 00:39:55,560 --> 00:39:56,880 WHAT ROLE DOES GENDER PLAY? 1153 00:39:56,880 --> 00:39:59,200 WHO CARES WHAT WE DO WITH THAT? 1154 00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:00,240 WELL THE WHOLE POINT OF OUR 1155 00:40:00,240 --> 00:40:01,280 HEALTH RESEARCH IS TO IMPROVE 1156 00:40:01,280 --> 00:40:02,880 HEALTH AND THAT MEANS THATY WOO 1157 00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:04,720 WILL BE IMP LEMMING AND 1158 00:40:04,720 --> 00:40:06,720 DESIGNING HEALTH INTERVENTIONS 1159 00:40:06,720 --> 00:40:14,560 AND THE W. H. O. HAS COME UP 1160 00:40:14,560 --> 00:40:17,120 WITH A SCORING OR 1161 00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:17,880 CATEGORIZATIONS OF HEALTH 1162 00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:19,280 INTERVENTIONS AND IF YOU ARE 1163 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:23,840 INVOLVED OR YOU RECEIVE ISHT 1164 00:40:23,840 --> 00:40:25,240 VENTIONS YOU CAN ASK, THE 1165 00:40:25,240 --> 00:40:27,880 INFORMATION I RECEIVED GENDER 1166 00:40:27,880 --> 00:40:30,280 UPEQUAL, GENDER BLIND, GENDER 1167 00:40:30,280 --> 00:40:31,840 SENSITIVE, GENDER SPECIFIC OR 1168 00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:36,080 GENDER TRANSFORMATIVE AND THIS 1169 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:44,360 GOES ON FROM INSWIERING TO 1170 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:45,200 ADDRESSING GENDER INEQUALITIES. 1171 00:40:45,200 --> 00:40:47,560 THIS INCLUDES WAYS TO TRANSFORM 1172 00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:48,600 ROLES AND ENTERVENTIONS BY 1173 00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:49,960 VIRTUE OF THE INTERVENTION THAT 1174 00:40:49,960 --> 00:40:51,520 WAS IMPLEMENTED AND THE OTHERS 1175 00:40:51,520 --> 00:40:52,400 ARE THIS BETWEEN. 1176 00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:53,880 DO I HAVE EXAMPLES OF THIS? 1177 00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,400 OF COURSE I HAVE EXAMPLES OF 1178 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:57,000 THIS. 1179 00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:58,640 AND 1 OF MY FAVORITE EXAMPLE 1180 00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:01,960 SYSTEM THE SNOW CLEARING POLICY. 1181 00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:03,680 NOW I UNDERSTAND IN BETHESDA, 1182 00:41:03,680 --> 00:41:04,960 THE LEAVES MIGHT BE BEAUTIFUL 1183 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:06,720 RIGHT NOW, AND NOBODY WANTS TO 1184 00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:10,440 THINK OF SNOW YET, BUT HUMOR ME, 1185 00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:11,720 WE'VE HAD FROST HERE IN CANADA 1186 00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:13,560 ALREADY AND MAYBE SOME OF YOU 1187 00:41:13,560 --> 00:41:15,160 DOWN SOUTH NEVER WANT TO SEE 1188 00:41:15,160 --> 00:41:16,840 SNOW BUT HERE IN CANADA, WE 1189 00:41:16,840 --> 00:41:17,960 CERTAINLY SPEBD A LOT OF MONEY 1190 00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:21,480 AND A LOT OF TIME HAPPENING 1191 00:41:21,480 --> 00:41:24,040 ABOUT SNOW CLEARING AND SWEDEN 1192 00:41:24,040 --> 00:41:26,840 IMPLEMENTED A GEPPEDDER 1193 00:41:26,840 --> 00:41:27,320 TRANSFORMATIVE--GENDER 1194 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:27,920 TRANSFORMATIVE SNOW CLEARING 1195 00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:31,640 POLICY THAT CAUGHT THE ATTENTION 1196 00:41:31,640 --> 00:41:33,840 OF OUR POLICY MAKERS. 1197 00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:34,800 HERE IN CANDFOR ALL OF 1198 00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:37,080 GOVERNMENT WE HAVE A SEX AND 1199 00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:39,640 GENDER BASED POLICY SO WE ARE 1200 00:41:39,640 --> 00:41:49,760 ALWAYS ASKING ARE THERE BENEFIS 1201 00:41:49,760 --> 00:41:51,000 BY GENDER BALANCED POLICY? 1202 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:52,560 NOW I KNOW YOU'RE CURIOUS WHAT 1203 00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:55,360 THIS IS SO I WILL TELL YOU HO 1204 00:41:55,360 --> 00:41:56,440 DID THIS HAPPEN? 1205 00:41:56,440 --> 00:41:59,120 WELL HEBLGHTY CITIES IS A AN 1206 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:01,320 INITCRATIVE AROUND THE WORLD 1207 00:42:01,320 --> 00:42:03,520 WHERE MUNICIPALITIES ARE LOOKING 1208 00:42:03,520 --> 00:42:05,040 AT GETTING HEALTHIER AND 1 IS 1209 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:06,320 LOOKING AT HOW MANY INJURIES 1210 00:42:06,320 --> 00:42:08,280 OCCUR IN A GIVEN YEAR. 1211 00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:10,360 AND STOCK HOME SAID ARE THERE 1212 00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:12,600 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER OF 1213 00:42:12,600 --> 00:42:13,320 PEDESTRIAN INJURIES THAT OCCUR 1214 00:42:13,320 --> 00:42:16,080 IN OUR CITY AND THE ANSWER WAS 1215 00:42:16,080 --> 00:42:16,920 YES. 1216 00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:20,120 IN FACT, 69% OF SINGLE PERSON 1217 00:42:20,120 --> 00:42:21,320 INJURIES INVOLVED WOMEN AND THE 1218 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:22,720 MAJORITY OF THESE INJURIES 1219 00:42:22,720 --> 00:42:23,920 HAPPENED IN THE WINTER AND THE 1220 00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:28,040 CAUSE OF THESE INJURIES IS THAT 1221 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:29,000 FOLKS, WOMEN ESPECIALLY HAD 1222 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,760 SLIPPED OR FALLEN ON SNOWY OR 1223 00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:33,200 ICY SURFACES. 1224 00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:35,160 AND THEY ASKED, COULD GENDER 1225 00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:36,920 EXPLAIN THE SEX DIFFERENCE AND 1226 00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:38,200 THE ANSWER WAS YES BECAUSE THE 1227 00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:39,840 FIRST STREETS TO BE SO CLEANED 1228 00:42:39,840 --> 00:42:41,840 WERE THE LARGE STREETS OR 1229 00:42:41,840 --> 00:42:42,880 ARTERIES LEADING INTO THE 1230 00:42:42,880 --> 00:42:46,480 BUSINESS AREA WHERE MOST OF THE 1231 00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:47,480 MEN WORKED BECAUSE SOCIETY 1232 00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:50,320 VALUED THE WORK THAT MEN DID. 1233 00:42:50,320 --> 00:42:55,480 AND THE SMALLER STREET SIDEWALKS 1234 00:42:55,480 --> 00:42:56,920 WERE CLEARED AFTERWARDS AND THIS 1235 00:42:56,920 --> 00:42:58,960 IS WOMEN WITH LOWER PAID WORK 1236 00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:02,000 AND WOMEN WITH LOWER 1237 00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:03,280 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, TO GO NOT 1238 00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:04,400 USING CARS. 1239 00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:06,120 IT TURNS OUT OUT THAT THE COST 1240 00:43:06,120 --> 00:43:07,600 OF THE PEDESTRIAN INJURIES WAS 3 1241 00:43:07,600 --> 00:43:09,600 TIMES HIGHER THAN THE COST OF 1242 00:43:09,600 --> 00:43:09,920 SNOW CLEARING. 1243 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:11,520 SO FROM A COST EFFECTIVENESS 1244 00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:13,720 PERSPECTIVE, IT MADE SENSE TO 1245 00:43:13,720 --> 00:43:15,440 DESEEN A GENDER BALANCED SNOW 1246 00:43:15,440 --> 00:43:16,880 CLEARING SYSTEM WHERE THE 1247 00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:18,400 SIDEWALKS, THE BIKE PATHS AND 1248 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:21,280 THE SMALL STREETS WOULD BE 1249 00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:22,200 CLEARED FIRST THEN THEY CLEARED 1250 00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:23,960 THE ROAD TO HOSPITALS UNLESS 1251 00:43:23,960 --> 00:43:30,120 THEY CLEARED THE SNOW FROM THE 1252 00:43:30,120 --> 00:43:30,960 LARGE ARTERIES. 1253 00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:31,360 DID IT WORK? 1254 00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:37,040 YES AND I INVITE TO YOU READ 1255 00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:38,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] BOOK INVISIBLE 1256 00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:39,960 WOMAN, IT'S A FASCINATING STORY 1257 00:43:39,960 --> 00:43:44,680 AND LED TO 2 FOLD DECREASE OF 1258 00:43:44,680 --> 00:43:45,120 PEDESTRIAN INDENSES. 1259 00:43:45,120 --> 00:43:47,480 SO HOW MIGHT YOU APPLY A SEX AND 1260 00:43:47,480 --> 00:43:48,880 GENDER BASED ANALYSIS TO 1261 00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:52,320 CLINICAL CARE ISHT VENTIONS? 1262 00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:55,480 WELL I REALLY LIKE ALLYSON 1263 00:43:55,480 --> 00:43:56,120 Mc GREGOR'S APPROACH, SHE SAID 1264 00:43:56,120 --> 00:43:57,760 IF YOU ARE A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER 1265 00:43:57,760 --> 00:43:59,880 THEN YOU NEED TO IDENTIFY SEX 1266 00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:01,280 AND GENDER OF THE PATIENT 1267 00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:02,560 SITTING IN FRONT OF YOU, ASK 1268 00:44:02,560 --> 00:44:04,000 WHETHER THERE COULD BE SEX 1269 00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:05,200 DRVESES IN:ICAL MANIFESTATIONS 1270 00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:07,720 OF THE DISEASE, SO THE WAY WOMEN 1271 00:44:07,720 --> 00:44:08,880 EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS OF HEART 1272 00:44:08,880 --> 00:44:10,920 ATTACK DIFFERENT THAN MEN, 1273 00:44:10,920 --> 00:44:12,880 RECOGNIZE POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS 1274 00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:15,400 IN DIAGNOSTIC TESTING, EVEN EKG, 1275 00:44:15,400 --> 00:44:17,760 YOU KNOW THE LINES YOU SEE, 1276 00:44:17,760 --> 00:44:20,320 THERE'S A BIT OF A DIFFERENCE 1277 00:44:20,320 --> 00:44:21,560 BETWEEN OF DIFFERENT 1278 00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:23,120 POLARIZATION RATES OR ELECTRICAL 1279 00:44:23,120 --> 00:44:24,760 CONDUCTING MECHANISMS IN THE 1280 00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:25,520 HEART. 1281 00:44:25,520 --> 00:44:26,400 WHAT ABOUT BIOMARKERS? 1282 00:44:26,400 --> 00:44:28,680 WELL IF WOMEN HAVE LESS MUSCLE 1283 00:44:28,680 --> 00:44:31,840 MASS ON AVERAGE, SEX RELATED 1284 00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:33,120 VARIABLE, THEN BIOMARKERS LIE 1285 00:44:33,120 --> 00:44:34,200 TROIP OWNIN WHICH TELL YOU IF 1286 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:36,240 YOU HAD A HEART ATTACK MAY BE 1287 00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:37,560 DIFFERENT AND LABORATORY VALUES 1288 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:39,320 SHOULD BE DIFFERENT, TOO. 1289 00:44:39,320 --> 00:44:40,320 DOSE MEDICATIONS DIFFERENTLY MAY 1290 00:44:40,320 --> 00:44:42,200 BE BASED ON SEX SPECIFIC 1291 00:44:42,200 --> 00:44:42,480 EVIDENCE. 1292 00:44:42,480 --> 00:44:44,200 WE ALREADY HAVE MEDICATIONS 1293 00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:45,880 WHERE THERE'S DIFFERENT 1294 00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:48,240 RECOMMENDED DOSES ACCORDING TO 1295 00:44:48,240 --> 00:44:51,160 SEX AND WHO KNOWS BASED ON 1296 00:44:51,160 --> 00:44:53,560 DIFFERENCES IN FINDING AN IMMUNE 1297 00:44:53,560 --> 00:44:54,720 FUNCTION OR DEPRESSION MAYBE 1 1298 00:44:54,720 --> 00:44:56,400 DAY WILL HAVE COMPLETELY 1299 00:44:56,400 --> 00:44:58,320 DIFFERENT MEDICATION FOR MEN AND 1300 00:44:58,320 --> 00:44:59,880 WOMEN AND FINALLY MITIGATE 1301 00:44:59,880 --> 00:45:02,080 GENDER BIAS AND THE BEST EXAMPLE 1302 00:45:02,080 --> 00:45:03,920 OF MITIGATING GENDER BIAS COMES 1303 00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:05,760 OUT OF THE CLEVELAND CLINIC IN 1304 00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:08,560 MY HUMBLE OPINION AND THEY DID A 1305 00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:10,560 DEEP AUDIT ON OUTCOMES AFTER 1306 00:45:10,560 --> 00:45:11,960 HEART ATTACK. 1307 00:45:11,960 --> 00:45:14,680 AND THEY LOOKED AT 490 MEN AND 1308 00:45:14,680 --> 00:45:16,960 239 WOMEN AND THEY FOUND OUT 1309 00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:19,960 THAT THEIR USUAL CARE FOR 1310 00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:22,400 DIAGNOSING AND TREATING HEART 1311 00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:25,040 ATTACKS LED TO A 6.1% HIGHER 1312 00:45:25,040 --> 00:45:28,840 MORTALITY IN WOMEN AT 30 DAYS 1313 00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:30,040 BECAUSE IT SEEMS THAT WOMEN WERE 1314 00:45:30,040 --> 00:45:31,840 NOT IMETTING AS MUCH OF THE 1315 00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:33,000 GUIDELINE THERAPY AND IT WAS 1316 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:35,440 TAKING LONGER FROM DOOR TO 1317 00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:37,400 BALLOON TIME WHICH MEANS TIME 1318 00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:40,400 THEY SHOAP UP TO THE EMERGENCY 1319 00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:43,800 ROOM TO THE TIME THEY GET TO THE 1320 00:45:43,800 --> 00:45:45,600 CATHETERIZATION LAB TO PUT IN AN 1321 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:47,000 BALLOON FOR AN ARTERY THAT WAS 1322 00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:47,240 BLOCKED. 1323 00:45:47,240 --> 00:45:49,640 SO WHAT SPECIFIC DETAILS ON THEY 1324 00:45:49,640 --> 00:45:52,400 DO AN INTERVENTION, IT TAKES 1325 00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:53,800 LONGER TO GET YOU KNOW THE 1326 00:45:53,800 --> 00:45:56,160 NEEDLE IN AND THE IV IN IF YOU 1327 00:45:56,160 --> 00:45:57,920 GO THROUGH THE LEG IN WOMEN SO 1328 00:45:57,920 --> 00:45:59,200 EIVE LET'S CHANGE IT AND WE'LL 1329 00:45:59,200 --> 00:46:02,160 ALSO PUT THE IV IN YOUR WRIST 1330 00:46:02,160 --> 00:46:03,800 FLOW BECAUSE THAT WILL MAKE IT 1331 00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:04,160 QUICKER. 1332 00:46:04,160 --> 00:46:05,280 LET'S GIVE THE TREATMENT EVEN IF 1333 00:46:05,280 --> 00:46:07,320 WE'RE NOT A HUNDRED% CERTAIN 1334 00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:08,760 BECAUSE IT IS A LITTLE BIT MORE 1335 00:46:08,760 --> 00:46:10,400 CONFUSING AND WE'RE NOT AS WELL 1336 00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:14,120 TRAINED TO DIAGNOSE HEART 1337 00:46:14,120 --> 00:46:14,640 ATTACKS IN WOMEN. 1338 00:46:14,640 --> 00:46:16,720 AND WHEN THEY CAN THIS, THEY CUT 1339 00:46:16,720 --> 00:46:18,560 THE MORTAL RATE THEY HAD IN HALF 1340 00:46:18,560 --> 00:46:19,920 JUST BY THINKING ABOUT WHETHER 1341 00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:23,800 THERE MIGHT BE GENDER BIAS IN 1342 00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:24,720 THEIR TREATMENT PROTOCOLS. 1343 00:46:24,720 --> 00:46:26,200 COULD WE APPLY SEX AND GENDER 1344 00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:27,720 SCIENCE TO MEN'S HEALTH. 1345 00:46:27,720 --> 00:46:28,080 ABSOLUTELY. 1346 00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:31,040 IT'S TIME WE INTERVENED AND 1347 00:46:31,040 --> 00:46:32,280 UNDERSTOOD WHY MANY ARE 1348 00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:36,040 ACCOUNTED FOR 3 OUT OF 4 DEATHS 1349 00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:37,880 BY SUICIDE. 1350 00:46:37,880 --> 00:46:38,920 IS IT BIOLOGY? 1351 00:46:38,920 --> 00:46:40,120 IS IT HIGHER TESTOSTERONE LEADS 1352 00:46:40,120 --> 00:46:42,440 TO MORE RISK TAKING? 1353 00:46:42,440 --> 00:46:43,440 MOLECULAR SIGNATURE OF 1354 00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:44,680 DEPRESSION IS DIFFERENT IN MEN? 1355 00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:47,000 SORE IS IT GENDER, IS IT BECAUSE 1356 00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:49,640 OUR SOCIETY PLACES TOO MUCH 1357 00:46:49,640 --> 00:46:51,160 SIGNATURES STIGMA ON MEN FOR 1358 00:46:51,160 --> 00:46:52,800 SEEKING HEALTH OR HAVING MENTAL 1359 00:46:52,800 --> 00:46:56,240 HEALTH SYMPTOMS OR THIS CONCEPT 1360 00:46:56,240 --> 00:46:57,280 OF HEGEMONIC MASKUE LYNNITY 1361 00:46:57,280 --> 00:46:59,520 WHERE MEN HAVE TO BE TOUGH NO 1362 00:46:59,520 --> 00:47:00,600 MATTER WHAT. 1363 00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:02,520 HOW MUCH DOES THAT ACCOUNT FOR 1364 00:47:02,520 --> 00:47:03,480 COMPLETED SUICIDES BY MEN. 1365 00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:05,160 I THINK IT'S TIME WE APPLIED SEX 1366 00:47:05,160 --> 00:47:06,920 AND GENDER SCIENCE TO THIS 1367 00:47:06,920 --> 00:47:07,560 PROBLEM. 1368 00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:11,040 SAME WITH WOMEN'S HEALTH. 1369 00:47:11,040 --> 00:47:13,280 YOU MIGHT SAY, OH YEAH, WOMEN 1370 00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:14,680 GET HOT FLASHES,A ROUND 1371 00:47:14,680 --> 00:47:18,440 MENOPAUSE OR IF WE GIVE THEM 1372 00:47:18,440 --> 00:47:18,800 HORMONE THERAPY. 1373 00:47:18,800 --> 00:47:20,320 THAT'S EASY, JUST DUE TO LOWER 1374 00:47:20,320 --> 00:47:22,400 LEVELS OF HORMONES WE DON'T NEED 1375 00:47:22,400 --> 00:47:25,960 TO DO MORE RESEARCH THERE BUT IF 1376 00:47:25,960 --> 00:47:27,760 ALL POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAVE 1377 00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:30,040 LOWER ESTROGEN LEVELS WHAT 1378 00:47:30,040 --> 00:47:34,000 EXPLAIPS THE HETEROGAIN AITY IN 1379 00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:36,600 MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS, IS IT 1380 00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,320 ACTIVATION, RECEPTOR PHENOTYPES, 1381 00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:40,680 EPIGENETICS? 1382 00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:42,160 AGE OF MENOPAUSAL ONSET OR 1383 00:47:42,160 --> 00:47:44,040 SOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO 1384 00:47:44,040 --> 00:47:46,440 EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS OR OTHER 1385 00:47:46,440 --> 00:47:47,480 HORMONES OR AIR QUALITY AND I 1386 00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:50,400 THINK IT'S TIME THAT WE LOOK FOR 1387 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:52,720 MECHANISMS USING SEX AND GENDER 1388 00:47:52,720 --> 00:47:53,920 SCIENCE IN SEX SPECIFIC 1389 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:56,920 CONDITIONS BECAUSE IT'S MORE 1390 00:47:56,920 --> 00:47:58,960 THAN JUST SEX DIFFERENCES 1391 00:47:58,960 --> 00:47:59,280 RESEARCH. 1392 00:47:59,280 --> 00:48:01,520 >>A COLLEAGUE OF MINE, 1393 00:48:01,520 --> 00:48:03,200 INDIGENOUS COLLEAGUE SAYS, IT'S 1394 00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:04,520 LIKE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, WHY DO 1395 00:48:04,520 --> 00:48:07,520 YOU KEEP ON COMPARING POOR 1396 00:48:07,520 --> 00:48:09,600 OUTCOMES OF INDIG NOSPEOPLE TO 1397 00:48:09,600 --> 00:48:10,320 THE WHITE MAN? 1398 00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:13,200 DO YOU WANT ME TO BECOME THE 1399 00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:13,600 WHITE MAN? 1400 00:48:13,600 --> 00:48:16,920 SAME WITH WOMEN'S HEALTH AND CAN 1401 00:48:16,920 --> 00:48:18,080 YOU LOOK AT INTRA GROUP 1402 00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:21,200 VARIATION TO TRY TO EXPLAIN 1403 00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:22,920 FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN 1404 00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:24,600 HEALTH OUTCOMES WITHIN A GROUP. 1405 00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:26,520 AND THIS IS WHAT 1406 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:27,120 INTERSECTIONALITY IS ALL ABOUT 1407 00:48:27,120 --> 00:48:30,000 AND I KNOW YOU HAD A GREAT 1408 00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:34,240 SERIES ON IT LAST WEEK BUT JUST 1409 00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:36,760 TO SAY KIMBERLY CRENSHAW WE NEED 1410 00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:38,320 TO MOVE FORWARD ENTERSECTION 1411 00:48:38,320 --> 00:48:40,360 ANALYSIS WHERE IT'S NOT JUST 1412 00:48:40,360 --> 00:48:43,160 STIGMA THAT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO 1413 00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:45,400 BUT ALONG WITH INTERSECTING 1414 00:48:45,400 --> 00:48:46,200 CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS 1415 00:48:46,200 --> 00:48:46,920 DISCRIMINATION FACED BY BLACK 1416 00:48:46,920 --> 00:48:49,360 PEOPLE THAT LEADS TO AN 1417 00:48:49,360 --> 00:48:50,520 INTERSECTIONAL LENS AND THE 1418 00:48:50,520 --> 00:48:51,720 IMPORTANCE OF COMBINING THEM AND 1419 00:48:51,720 --> 00:48:55,280 COMING UP WITH NEW TOOLS AND 1420 00:48:55,280 --> 00:48:55,600 METHODS. 1421 00:48:55,600 --> 00:48:57,600 SO I WILL CONCLUDE BY SAYING, 1422 00:48:57,600 --> 00:48:58,920 WE'RE LOOKING AT A PARADIGM 1423 00:48:58,920 --> 00:49:01,800 SHIFT WHERE WE NEED TO MOVE FROM 1424 00:49:01,800 --> 00:49:03,240 A REDUCTIONIST MODEL OF SCIENCE 1425 00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:04,840 TO A COMPLEXITY MODEL OF 1426 00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:06,560 SCIENCE, AND YOU CAN HELP. 1427 00:49:06,560 --> 00:49:09,240 YOU NEED TO BELIEVE IT'S 1428 00:49:09,240 --> 00:49:10,960 POSSIBLE, A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK 1429 00:49:10,960 --> 00:49:12,640 THAT ONCE RESEARCH CULTURE IS 1430 00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:13,800 ESTABLISHED, TELL BE IMPOSSIBLE 1431 00:49:13,800 --> 00:49:15,600 TOW CHARGE IT, BUT I GUARANTEE 1432 00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:19,080 YOU IT'S NOT GOING TO TAKE 300 1433 00:49:19,080 --> 00:49:20,760 YEARS, IT MAY TAKE 10 YEARS, 1434 00:49:20,760 --> 00:49:22,640 OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS WE DID 1435 00:49:22,640 --> 00:49:24,400 MOVE THE NEEDLE, HERE HAVE YOU 1436 00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:26,320 THE PROPORTION OF APPLICANTS TO 1437 00:49:26,320 --> 00:49:27,600 THE YAND KAN--KANA HEALTH 1438 00:49:27,600 --> 00:49:28,680 RESEARCH FUNDING AGENCY WHERE 1439 00:49:28,680 --> 00:49:30,760 ONLY 20% OF THEM ON THE LEFT 1440 00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:33,640 WERE ACCOUNTING FOR SEX OR 1441 00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:34,320 GENDER. 1442 00:49:34,320 --> 00:49:35,720 BUT, YOU KNOW, A FEW YEARS AGO 1443 00:49:35,720 --> 00:49:37,760 WE GOT IT UP TO ALMOST 80% AND 1444 00:49:37,760 --> 00:49:40,640 WHEN YOU ADD THE 80% WITH THE 1445 00:49:40,640 --> 00:49:42,400 20%, IT'S ALMOST A HUNDRED% OF 1446 00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:43,760 OUR RESEARCHERS IN CANADA WHO 1447 00:49:43,760 --> 00:49:44,920 ARE ACCOUNTING FOR THIS. 1448 00:49:44,920 --> 00:49:50,400 HOW DID WE GET THERE? 1449 00:49:50,400 --> 00:49:52,320 WELL TRAINING HELPED. 1450 00:49:52,320 --> 00:49:55,240 AND JANINE SHOWED YOU ALL THE 1451 00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:59,440 AVAILABLE TRAINING RESOURCES 1452 00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:00,240 THROUGH ORWH--SORRY JANINE, 1453 00:50:00,240 --> 00:50:02,120 THESE ARE THE MODELS IN CABBEDDA 1454 00:50:02,120 --> 00:50:03,640 BUT IF YOU REALLY WANT TO KNOW 1455 00:50:03,640 --> 00:50:07,240 WHAT I THINK CHANGED, IT WAS THE 1456 00:50:07,240 --> 00:50:09,720 TOOLS FOR THE EVALUATORS FOR THE 1457 00:50:09,720 --> 00:50:10,760 PEER REVIEWERS. 1458 00:50:10,760 --> 00:50:12,200 WE WENT TO EVERY STUDY SECTION 1459 00:50:12,200 --> 00:50:13,640 AND GAVE PERSONALIZED TRAINING 1460 00:50:13,640 --> 00:50:14,840 OVER TOPIC AND WE CREATED A 1461 00:50:14,840 --> 00:50:17,160 VIDEO AS CAN YOU SEE IN 2018 HAD 1462 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:18,400 OVER 18,000 VIEWS AND WE 1463 00:50:18,400 --> 00:50:20,800 ACTUALLY MADE A CHECK LIST AND 1464 00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:22,480 WE--WE REQUIRED OUR VIEWERS TO 1465 00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:23,560 CHECK OFF WHETHER THE 1466 00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:25,320 INTEGRATION OF SEX ASK GENDER IS 1467 00:50:25,320 --> 00:50:26,960 A STRENGTH, A WEAKNESS OR NOT 1468 00:50:26,960 --> 00:50:27,520 APPLICABLE. 1469 00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:29,240 AND I THINK IT'S THIS, WHICH IS 1470 00:50:29,240 --> 00:50:31,400 REALLY MOVED THE BAR. 1471 00:50:31,400 --> 00:50:35,000 AND IN FACT, ON OUR LATEST 1472 00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:36,880 ANALYSIS WE EVALUATE THE ODDS OF 1473 00:50:36,880 --> 00:50:37,720 GETTING SUCCESSFULLY FUNDED IF 1474 00:50:37,720 --> 00:50:39,440 YOU DO 3 OUT OF 3 EVALUATORS 1475 00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:42,000 SAID THAT THE INTEGRATION OF SEX 1476 00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:43,600 WAS STRAINED OR THE INTEGRATION 1477 00:50:43,600 --> 00:50:45,640 OF GENDER WAS STRAINED AND THE 1478 00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:47,240 ESSENTIALLY THE BOTTOM LINE IS 1479 00:50:47,240 --> 00:50:49,440 THAT YOU'RE TWICE AS LIKELY TO 1480 00:50:49,440 --> 00:50:51,440 GET FUNDED NOW IN CANADA AT 1481 00:50:51,440 --> 00:50:52,560 LEAST IF YOU GIVE PROPER 1482 00:50:52,560 --> 00:50:53,200 ATTENTION TO THE IMPOSSIBLE TO 1483 00:50:53,200 --> 00:50:54,640 BUILDIGRATION OF SEX AND GENDER 1484 00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:55,200 IN YOUR RESEARCH. 1485 00:50:55,200 --> 00:50:58,440 SO IT IS POSSIBLE, MY ADVICE TO 1486 00:50:58,440 --> 00:51:01,400 YOU IS TO FOCUS ON THE WHY AND 1487 00:51:01,400 --> 00:51:01,760 THE HOW. 1488 00:51:01,760 --> 00:51:03,480 WE'VE CREATED A MEET THE METHOD 1489 00:51:03,480 --> 00:51:05,200 SERIES SO REALLY DELVING DEEP 1490 00:51:05,200 --> 00:51:06,400 INTO THE METHODS. 1491 00:51:06,400 --> 00:51:08,480 HOW MIGHT YOU TEST THE SEX 1492 00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:10,640 HORMONES ROLE IN YOU ARE DOING 1493 00:51:10,640 --> 00:51:11,200 BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH. 1494 00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:12,600 IF YOU ARE DOING HUMAN RESEARCH, 1495 00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:16,520 WHAT ARE QUESTIONS TO GUIDE YOUR 1496 00:51:16,520 --> 00:51:17,120 INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSIS. 1497 00:51:17,120 --> 00:51:20,080 HOW MIGHT WE USE OUR SPACE 1498 00:51:20,080 --> 00:51:21,360 METHODS FOR EXPECTATIONS 1499 00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:22,920 LEMINATING SEX AND GENDER BASED 1500 00:51:22,920 --> 00:51:23,440 RESEARCH. 1501 00:51:23,440 --> 00:51:25,000 TONS OF GUIDE LINES ARE COMING 1502 00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:26,960 OUT NOW AND I INVITE TO YOU 1503 00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:28,000 FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF AND 1504 00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:29,400 INTRODUCE THESE IN YOUR COURSES 1505 00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:31,160 OR TO YOUR GRAD STUDENTS AND 1506 00:51:31,160 --> 00:51:33,800 EVEN IN YOUR OWN RESEARCH, WILL 1507 00:51:33,800 --> 00:51:34,840 THERE BE CHALLENGES? 1508 00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:36,440 OF COURSE, AS YOU SPEAK TO THOSE 1509 00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:37,240 AROUND YOU, THEY'RE NOT ALL 1510 00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:39,120 GOING TO BE READY FOR CHANGE. 1511 00:51:39,120 --> 00:51:40,000 THEY'RE STILL GOING TO WANT TO 1512 00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:42,280 THINK THAT THE WORLD IS FLAT. 1513 00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:44,720 THERE WILL BE RESISTANCE. 1514 00:51:44,720 --> 00:51:46,320 PEOPLE WILL ASK WHAT'S WRONG 1515 00:51:46,320 --> 00:51:47,720 WITH THE WAVE I'VE ALWAYS DONE 1516 00:51:47,720 --> 00:51:50,480 SCIENCE BUT AS YOU MOVE THROUGH 1517 00:51:50,480 --> 00:51:51,640 THEIR DIFFERENT READINESS FOR 1518 00:51:51,640 --> 00:51:57,000 CHANGE, I INVITE YOU TO PUSH THE 1519 00:51:57,000 --> 00:51:58,160 BOUNDARIES AND REALLY CHALLENGE 1520 00:51:58,160 --> 00:51:58,480 THEM. 1521 00:51:58,480 --> 00:52:00,480 I WOULD ALSO INVITE TO YOU 1522 00:52:00,480 --> 00:52:02,120 REFLECT THAT ALTHOUGH YOUR JOOB 1523 00:52:02,120 --> 00:52:04,520 IS TO GROW THE SCIENCE THE 1524 00:52:04,520 --> 00:52:07,120 BIGGEST BANG FOR BUCK WILL BE 1525 00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:07,880 AROUND BEST PRACTICES. 1526 00:52:07,880 --> 00:52:09,160 AND THIS MIGHT BE TOUGH BECAUSE 1527 00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:11,280 SCIENCE IS ALWAYS ERKSZ VOLVING. 1528 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:12,680 SHOULD YOU TELL THEM THIS IS THE 1529 00:52:12,680 --> 00:52:14,440 BEST WAY TO MEASURE GENDER ON 1530 00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:16,680 THE 1 HAND, EVERYONE WANTS A 1531 00:52:16,680 --> 00:52:18,280 COMMON LANGUAGE OR INDICATOR BUT 1532 00:52:18,280 --> 00:52:23,200 ON THE OTHER HAND, NOT ALL 1533 00:52:23,200 --> 00:52:24,600 STUDIES NEEDED GENDER MEASURE 1534 00:52:24,600 --> 00:52:27,080 AND STATIC MEASUREMENTS WILL GET 1535 00:52:27,080 --> 00:52:29,200 OUTDATED. 1536 00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:31,280 AN EXAMPLE IS THE 1537 00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:32,440 [INDISCERNIBLE] SEXUAL INVENTORY 1538 00:52:32,440 --> 00:52:33,200 CREATED IN 1984. 1539 00:52:33,200 --> 00:52:34,680 LOTS OF RESEARCH HAS BEEN DONE 1540 00:52:34,680 --> 00:52:36,880 WITH THIS BUT NOW IT'S 1541 00:52:36,880 --> 00:52:38,640 CONSIDERED OUTDATED BECAUSE IT 1542 00:52:38,640 --> 00:52:39,600 PROP GATES STEREOTYPES AND WE 1543 00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:41,080 CAN LOOK FOR CHANGE IF WE REPEAT 1544 00:52:41,080 --> 00:52:43,640 IT AND SEE IF THINGS HAVE 1545 00:52:43,640 --> 00:52:43,880 CHANGED. 1546 00:52:43,880 --> 00:52:46,280 SAME WITH HOW YOU MEASURED 1547 00:52:46,280 --> 00:52:47,880 GENDER IDENTITY, THIS IS THE 2 1548 00:52:47,880 --> 00:52:49,080 STEP QUESTION WE'RE NOW 1549 00:52:49,080 --> 00:52:51,960 PROPOSING IN CANADA, BUT IT VERY 1550 00:52:51,960 --> 00:52:54,960 WELL MAY CHANGE AS THE SCIENCE 1551 00:52:54,960 --> 00:52:55,240 EVOLVES. 1552 00:52:55,240 --> 00:52:56,200 AND FINALLY, HOW DO YOU USE THE 1553 00:52:56,200 --> 00:52:59,320 KNOWLEDGE THAT YOU CREATED AND 1554 00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:01,760 APPLY IT TO IMPROVE EVIDENCE 1555 00:53:01,760 --> 00:53:02,240 BASED DECISION MAKING. 1556 00:53:02,240 --> 00:53:04,400 EVERYONE HAS A ROLE TO PLAY 1557 00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:07,440 WHETHER YOU'RE A TRAINEE, 1558 00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:10,280 WHETHER YOU'RE A TRAINEE, 1559 00:53:10,280 --> 00:53:11,440 RESEARCHER, FUNDER, PUBLISHER, 1560 00:53:11,440 --> 00:53:13,640 WORK IN THE UNIVERSITY, WHETHER 1561 00:53:13,640 --> 00:53:16,680 SOME IN YOUR FAMILY IS DOING 1562 00:53:16,680 --> 00:53:17,800 RESEARCH OR EXPERIENCING THE 1563 00:53:17,800 --> 00:53:22,720 IMPLICATIONS OF SEX AND GENDER 1564 00:53:22,720 --> 00:53:24,720 IN THEIR LIVES. 1565 00:53:24,720 --> 00:53:25,560 PUBLISHERS WHEN WE CHANGE THE 1566 00:53:25,560 --> 00:53:27,880 NORM AND THAT SHIFTS WHEN YOU 1567 00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:28,560 ASK QUESTIONS. 1568 00:53:28,560 --> 00:53:30,200 SO HERE'S WHEY WILL TASK YOU 1569 00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:30,680 WITH. 1570 00:53:30,680 --> 00:53:31,840 IF YOU'RE A STUDENT PAY 1571 00:53:31,840 --> 00:53:33,160 ATTENTION IF SEX AND GENDER ARE 1572 00:53:33,160 --> 00:53:35,120 NOT MENTIONED IN YOUR LECT IRBS, 1573 00:53:35,120 --> 00:53:36,160 ASSIGNMENTS OR CLINICAL CASES. 1574 00:53:36,160 --> 00:53:38,360 IF YOU'RE A RESEARCHER CALL OUT 1575 00:53:38,360 --> 00:53:39,920 YOUR PEERS DURING RESEARCH 1576 00:53:39,920 --> 00:53:42,000 PRESENTATIONS OR IF THE CORRECT 1577 00:53:42,000 --> 00:53:43,160 TERMINOLOGY IS NOT USED. 1578 00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:45,320 IF YOU'RE A TEACHER, MAKE SURE 1579 00:53:45,320 --> 00:53:47,440 THAT SEX AND GENDER ARE EMBEDDED 1580 00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:49,240 IN YOUR COURSE CURRICULUM ON 1581 00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:49,440 HEALTH. 1582 00:53:49,440 --> 00:53:51,280 IF YOU'RE A CLINICIAN OR FAMILY 1583 00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:53,640 MEMBER, PAY ATTENTION TO 1584 00:53:53,640 --> 00:53:54,320 INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE DURING 1585 00:53:54,320 --> 00:53:55,880 CLINICAL CARE AND THINK ABOUT 1586 00:53:55,880 --> 00:54:01,440 HOW TO MITIGATE GENDER BIAS. 1587 00:54:01,440 --> 00:54:04,440 IF YOU REVIEW, THEN HOLD THE 1588 00:54:04,440 --> 00:54:05,960 INVESTIGATORS OR AUTHORS 1589 00:54:05,960 --> 00:54:06,840 ACCOUNTABLE FOR APPROPRIATELY 1590 00:54:06,840 --> 00:54:08,000 CONSIDERING SEX AND GENDER, 1591 00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:10,680 QUESTION THE USE OF GENDER AND 1592 00:54:10,680 --> 00:54:13,120 BIAS INFORMATION IN IF YOU DATA 1593 00:54:13,120 --> 00:54:14,200 SETS, ASK QUESTIONS NO MATTER 1594 00:54:14,200 --> 00:54:16,600 WHERE YOU ARE AND MAYBE IN YOUR 1595 00:54:16,600 --> 00:54:17,880 SCORE GROUP START A WORKING 1596 00:54:17,880 --> 00:54:20,360 GROUP FOR NEW SEX AND METHODS IN 1597 00:54:20,360 --> 00:54:20,720 GENDER SCIENCE. 1598 00:54:20,720 --> 00:54:31,240 BE THE CHANGE YOU WANT TO SEE, 1599 00:54:40,240 --> 00:54:42,840 PUSH THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHAIRNL 1600 00:54:42,840 --> 00:54:44,440 THE WORLD. 1601 00:54:44,440 --> 00:54:45,560 THE END. 1602 00:54:45,560 --> 00:54:48,400 >>THAIRK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM, 1603 00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:51,360 YOU OF COURSE DID NOT 1604 00:54:51,360 --> 00:54:51,640 DISAPPOINT. 1605 00:54:51,640 --> 00:54:57,720 I WILL TOSS THE MIC OVER TO 1606 00:54:57,720 --> 00:55:00,080 DR. AGARWALL TO MODERATE. 1607 00:55:00,080 --> 00:55:01,280 >>THAIRNG YOU DR. CLAYTON AND 1608 00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:04,400 THANK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM, YOU 1609 00:55:04,400 --> 00:55:06,360 HAVE GIVEN SO MANY THEORIES 1610 00:55:06,360 --> 00:55:08,520 WHICH WE HAVE ALL BELIEVED IN 1611 00:55:08,520 --> 00:55:11,160 NOW WE HAVE AS DR. CLAYTON SAYS, 1612 00:55:11,160 --> 00:55:14,000 TIME FOR QUESTIONS. 1613 00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:15,440 SO FIRST QUESTION WHILE PEOPLE 1614 00:55:15,440 --> 00:55:17,600 ARE GATHERING THEIR TALKS, I 1615 00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:20,600 HAVE IN MY MIEBD AT THE NIH WE 1616 00:55:20,600 --> 00:55:22,920 SOMETIME VS PEER REVIEWERS WHO 1617 00:55:22,920 --> 00:55:26,440 ARE NOT FULLY ON BOARD WITH THE 1618 00:55:26,440 --> 00:55:26,800 SABV POLICY. 1619 00:55:26,800 --> 00:55:28,640 HOW DO YOU CANDLE THAT IN 1620 00:55:28,640 --> 00:55:29,040 CANADA? 1621 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:30,840 >>WELL NOT ETCH'S GOING TO BE 1622 00:55:30,840 --> 00:55:32,520 ON BOARD RIGHT A WA. WE HANDLE 1623 00:55:32,520 --> 00:55:33,840 THAD BY WORKING WITH, I DON'T 1624 00:55:33,840 --> 00:55:35,720 KNOW WHAT YOU CALL IT AT THE NIH 1625 00:55:35,720 --> 00:55:38,400 BUT IT'S OUR CHAIRS, THE CHAIRS, 1626 00:55:38,400 --> 00:55:39,720 I GUESS IF YOU ARE A STUDY 1627 00:55:39,720 --> 00:55:43,200 SECTION AND WE HAVE MET WITH 1628 00:55:43,200 --> 00:55:45,760 THEM EVERY YEAR TO FIND OUT WHAT 1629 00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:47,240 SOME OF THE CHALLENGES ARE, WE 1630 00:55:47,240 --> 00:55:49,720 ACTUAL 3 SHARE THE RECENT 1631 00:55:49,720 --> 00:55:52,000 LITERATURE, WE HAVE ROLE MODELED 1632 00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:52,960 WHAT CONSTITUTES STRONG 1633 00:55:52,960 --> 00:55:55,280 INTEGRATION OF SEX AND GENDER 1634 00:55:55,280 --> 00:55:56,440 AND WHAT CONSTITUTES WEAK 1635 00:55:56,440 --> 00:55:57,640 INTEGRATION IN THEIR FIELD SO 1636 00:55:57,640 --> 00:55:59,240 FOR INSTANCE WE HAVE PUT UP 1637 00:55:59,240 --> 00:56:01,720 SLIDES AND SAID, IF AN APPLICANT 1638 00:56:01,720 --> 00:56:02,920 WRITES, I WILL INCLUDE MALES AND 1639 00:56:02,920 --> 00:56:05,280 FEMALES IN MY STUDY, WE SAY IS 1640 00:56:05,280 --> 00:56:07,360 THAT STRONG OR WEAK, IN FACT 1641 00:56:07,360 --> 00:56:07,680 THAT'S WEAK. 1642 00:56:07,680 --> 00:56:09,040 WHAT IT SHOULD REALLY SAY IS I 1643 00:56:09,040 --> 00:56:11,000 HAVE DONE A LITERATURE REVIEW 1644 00:56:11,000 --> 00:56:13,720 AND I FOUND THAT THE GLYCANS ON 1645 00:56:13,720 --> 00:56:14,760 THE ANTIBODIES ARE ACTUALLY 1646 00:56:14,760 --> 00:56:16,160 DIFFERENT BETWEEN MALES AND 1647 00:56:16,160 --> 00:56:18,160 FEMALES, SO, IN MY STUDIES I AM 1648 00:56:18,160 --> 00:56:19,240 IN A SPECIFICALLY GOING TO LOOK 1649 00:56:19,240 --> 00:56:22,000 AT THIS, I'M GOING TO MAKE SURE 1650 00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:23,440 THAT I INCLUDE EQUAL MEMBERS, I 1651 00:56:23,440 --> 00:56:26,360 WILL POWER MY STUDY, 1652 00:56:26,360 --> 00:56:27,360 DISAGGREGATE THE RESULTS AND I 1653 00:56:27,360 --> 00:56:29,280 WILL DO A DEEP DIVE INTO 1654 00:56:29,280 --> 00:56:31,520 MECHANISM, THAT'S OKAY AND IF MY 1655 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:32,560 STUDY INVOLVES HUMANS THEN HERE 1656 00:56:32,560 --> 00:56:33,960 IS HOW I WILL ADDRESS GENDER. 1657 00:56:33,960 --> 00:56:36,280 I AM GOING TO LOCK AT BOTH 1658 00:56:36,280 --> 00:56:37,520 GENDER IDENTITY AND GENDER 1659 00:56:37,520 --> 00:56:38,680 ROLES, HERE ARE THE 1660 00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:40,520 QUESTIONNAIRES I WILL USE SO BY 1661 00:56:40,520 --> 00:56:41,720 ROLE MODELING WHAT YOU THOUGHT 1662 00:56:41,720 --> 00:56:43,720 WAS OKAY, IS REALLY NOT OKAY, I 1663 00:56:43,720 --> 00:56:44,560 THINK WE'RE CHARGING THE 1664 00:56:44,560 --> 00:56:46,720 CONVERSATIONS AND THEN WE HAVE 1665 00:56:46,720 --> 00:56:48,800 THE STUDY SECTION CHAIRS, I 1666 00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:49,760 THINK YOU CALL THEM EXPLAIN THIS 1667 00:56:49,760 --> 00:56:55,720 TO THE FOLKS ON THE--ON THE 1668 00:56:55,720 --> 00:56:56,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND IT'S NOW 1669 00:56:56,920 --> 00:56:58,640 MANDATORY FOR EVERYONE TO TAKE 1670 00:56:58,640 --> 00:56:59,200 THE TRAINING MODULES. 1671 00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:01,160 SO I THINK THAT THAT REALLY HAS 1672 00:57:01,160 --> 00:57:02,120 CHEANCHED THE CONVERSATIONS AND 1673 00:57:02,120 --> 00:57:03,800 BY CHANGING THE CONVERSATIONS, 1674 00:57:03,800 --> 00:57:05,600 YOU WON'T ALWAYS GET EVERYONE 1675 00:57:05,600 --> 00:57:08,320 BUT SOON THEY WILL START TO BE 1676 00:57:08,320 --> 00:57:09,480 EMBARRASSED THAT THEY CAN'T 1677 00:57:09,480 --> 00:57:13,120 ANSWER WITH SEX OR GENDER 1678 00:57:13,120 --> 00:57:14,320 APPROPRIATELY INTEGRATED AND EGO 1679 00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:16,880 OR FEAR, THAT'S WHAT DRIVES 1680 00:57:16,880 --> 00:57:18,200 RESEARCHERS, RIGHT? 1681 00:57:18,200 --> 00:57:19,520 >>YEAH, THANK YOU SINCE YOU 1682 00:57:19,520 --> 00:57:20,720 TALKED ABOUT TRAINING SO MY NEXT 1683 00:57:20,720 --> 00:57:22,520 QUESTION IS, YOU MENTIONED A 1684 00:57:22,520 --> 00:57:24,200 NUMBER OF ACTIONS OF 1685 00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:25,720 PARTICIPANTS CAN TAKE TO PROMOTE 1686 00:57:25,720 --> 00:57:27,160 SEX ASK GENDER SCIENCE, CAN YOU 1687 00:57:27,160 --> 00:57:29,680 EXPAND ON THE ROLE OF TRAINEES 1688 00:57:29,680 --> 00:57:32,360 IN THINKING ABOUT THE CULTURE 1689 00:57:32,360 --> 00:57:32,800 CHANGE? 1690 00:57:32,800 --> 00:57:35,440 >>WELL, I TITLED THIS TALK NEXT 1691 00:57:35,440 --> 00:57:37,360 GENERATION BECAUSE I REALLY DO 1692 00:57:37,360 --> 00:57:44,960 THINK THAT TRAINEES HOLD THE 1693 00:57:44,960 --> 00:57:46,960 POWER EVEN WHEN I THINK OF 1694 00:57:46,960 --> 00:57:48,400 CREDITTATION, A LOT OF 1695 00:57:48,400 --> 00:57:49,880 UNIVERSITIES HAVE STARTED 1696 00:57:49,880 --> 00:57:51,160 INTEGRATING GENDER INTO THEIR 1697 00:57:51,160 --> 00:57:53,040 COURSES, I THINK TRAINEES SHOULD 1698 00:57:53,040 --> 00:57:54,320 BE ASKING THEIR SUPERVISORS, YOU 1699 00:57:54,320 --> 00:57:56,240 KNOW SHOULDN'T WE HAVE THE SAME, 1700 00:57:56,240 --> 00:57:57,800 YOU KNOW EQUAL MEMBERS OF MALES 1701 00:57:57,800 --> 00:57:59,680 AND FEMALES BUT WHAT'S THE 1702 00:57:59,680 --> 00:58:01,000 MECHANISM HERE, IN CANADA WE 1703 00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:02,400 STARTED A TRAINEE NETWORK, WE 1704 00:58:02,400 --> 00:58:04,760 CALL IT THE INSTITUTE OF GENDER 1705 00:58:04,760 --> 00:58:06,720 AND HELT TRAINEE NETD WORK, WE 1706 00:58:06,720 --> 00:58:07,880 HAVE 23 CHAPTERS ACROSS 1707 00:58:07,880 --> 00:58:09,000 DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES IN 1708 00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:11,840 CANADA, BUT IT WOULD BE SUPER 1709 00:58:11,840 --> 00:58:13,520 COAL IF THE SCORE INVESTIGATORS 1710 00:58:13,520 --> 00:58:14,480 DEVELOPED A TRAINEE NETWORK, 1711 00:58:14,480 --> 00:58:16,520 MAYBE HAVE YOU THAT GOES ACROSS 1712 00:58:16,520 --> 00:58:17,440 DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES, DRNT 1713 00:58:17,440 --> 00:58:19,600 TALKS, BUT WE DON'T JUST HOLD 1714 00:58:19,600 --> 00:58:21,280 THE TRAINEES, THEY TRY TO THEN 1715 00:58:21,280 --> 00:58:22,840 GIVE TALKS AT OTHER NETWORKS IN 1716 00:58:22,840 --> 00:58:24,080 THE UNIVERSITIES SO DON'T JUST 1717 00:58:24,080 --> 00:58:26,440 COME TO US BUT TRY TO INFILL 1718 00:58:26,440 --> 00:58:27,760 STRAIGHT ELSEWHERE AND IT WAS 1719 00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:28,840 THE TRAINEES WHO ACTUALLY PUSHED 1720 00:58:28,840 --> 00:58:31,320 US TO DO THE MEET THE METHODS 1721 00:58:31,320 --> 00:58:31,760 SERIES. 1722 00:58:31,760 --> 00:58:34,160 THEY SAID, YEAH OF COURSE YOU 1723 00:58:34,160 --> 00:58:35,880 SHOULD BE TAKING SEX ASK GENDER 1724 00:58:35,880 --> 00:58:37,600 INTO,A COUNT, SOME OF THEM SAY 1725 00:58:37,600 --> 00:58:39,600 WHY DOES SEX MATTER, ONLY GENDER 1726 00:58:39,600 --> 00:58:41,600 IS IMPORTANT BUT THAT'S A WHOLE 1727 00:58:41,600 --> 00:58:42,200 OTHER TALK HERE. 1728 00:58:42,200 --> 00:58:43,120 BUT THEY REALLY WANT TO KNOW THE 1729 00:58:43,120 --> 00:58:44,840 HOW AND THE WHY SO I THINK THAT 1730 00:58:44,840 --> 00:58:47,960 THEY REALLY SHAPED OUR APPROACH 1731 00:58:47,960 --> 00:58:50,640 TO THIS AND I HAVE GREAT RESPECT 1732 00:58:50,640 --> 00:58:53,480 FOR OUR GENERATION OF TRAINEES. 1733 00:58:53,480 --> 00:58:54,040 >>WONDERFUL. 1734 00:58:54,040 --> 00:58:56,160 SO ANY FINAL ADVISE YOU HAVE FOR 1735 00:58:56,160 --> 00:58:58,040 ALL THE PARTICIPANTS TODAY? 1736 00:58:58,040 --> 00:58:58,320 >>PUSH. 1737 00:58:58,320 --> 00:59:04,560 YOU KNOW, KEEP ON PUSHING. 1738 00:59:04,560 --> 00:59:06,360 WE'RE MOVING TOWARD AS A SHIFT 1739 00:59:06,360 --> 00:59:07,600 IN SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM AND WHILE 1740 00:59:07,600 --> 00:59:11,360 I KNOW MANY OF US WANT TO FOCUS 1741 00:59:11,360 --> 00:59:13,000 ON OUR OWN RESEARCH AND WIN THE 1742 00:59:13,000 --> 00:59:14,040 NEXT FOCUSED ONBLE PRIZE, I 1743 00:59:14,040 --> 00:59:16,520 WOULD SAY THAT YOUR LEGACY MAY 1744 00:59:16,520 --> 00:59:18,040 BE EVEN MORE LONG LASTING AND 1745 00:59:18,040 --> 00:59:20,680 IMPACTFUL IF YOU BRENG YOUR 1746 00:59:20,680 --> 00:59:22,960 COLLEAGUES AROUND WITH YOU, THE 1747 00:59:22,960 --> 00:59:24,040 NONBELIEVERS, THE FLAT EARTHERS, 1748 00:59:24,040 --> 00:59:26,880 BRING THEM WITH YOU, TASK 1749 00:59:26,880 --> 00:59:28,600 YOURSELF WITH CONVERTING 10 1750 00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:30,120 PEOPLE A MONTH, THE IMPORTANCE 1751 00:59:30,120 --> 00:59:35,960 OF INCORPORATING SEX AND GENDER 1752 00:59:35,960 --> 00:59:36,200 SCIENCE. 1753 00:59:36,200 --> 00:59:37,840 AND I THINK YOU WILL BE PROUD 1754 00:59:37,840 --> 00:59:38,480 ABOUT THAT CHANGE. 1755 00:59:38,480 --> 00:59:39,640 SO THANK YOU AND CONGRATULATIONS 1756 00:59:39,640 --> 00:59:42,640 FOR ALL THE WORK YOU'RE DOING. 1757 00:59:42,640 --> 00:59:45,560 JANINE IT WAS THE HONOR AND 1758 00:59:45,560 --> 00:59:46,400 PRIVILEGE PRESENTING TODAY AND I 1759 00:59:46,400 --> 00:59:47,840 WISH YOU A GOOD DAY. 1760 00:59:47,840 --> 00:59:51,680 >>THANK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM, ON 1761 00:59:51,680 --> 00:59:53,640 BEHALF OF ORWH, I THAIRNG YOU 1762 00:59:53,640 --> 01:00:01,800 FOR AN IMPORTANT AND RELEVANT 1763 01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:02,720 TALK FOR SEX AND GENETIC 1764 01:00:02,720 --> 01:00:03,120 RESEARCH, I WOULD LAKE TO OFF 1765 01:00:03,120 --> 01:00:04,640 HEART FELT THAIRNG FIST ARE 1766 01:00:04,640 --> 01:00:05,560 JOINING THE PRESENTATION AND NOW 1767 01:00:05,560 --> 01:00:06,720 THAT CONCLUDES THE KEY NOTE 1768 01:00:06,720 --> 01:00:07,360 SESSION. 1769 01:00:07,360 --> 01:00:08,000 THANK YOU AGAIN, EVERYONE. 1770 01:00:08,000 --> 01:00:23,400 THANK YOU.