>>WELCOME TO THE NIH OFFICE OF
RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH,
SCORE ANNUAL MEETING.
I AM SHARON HUNTER, ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR WITH THE OFFICE OF
RESEARCH AND WOMEN'S HEALTH.
AND ON BEHALF OF THE OFFICE, I
AM PLEASED TO WELCOME YOU TO THE
THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
SPECIALIZED CENTERS OF RESEARCH
EXCELLENCE ON SEX DIFFERENCES
PROGRAM WHICH WE CALL THE SCORE
PROGRAM.
WE BEGENERATED TODAY'S VIRTUAL
ANNUAL SCORE MEETING WITH
OPENING REMARKS FROM THE ORWH
DIRECTOR DR. JANINE AUSTIN
CLAYTON FOLLOWED BY OUR KEY NOTE
SPEAKER.
OUR KEY NOTE SPEAKER TODAY FOR
THE 2022 ANNUAL MEETING IS
DR. CARA TANNENBAUM,
DR. TANNENBAUM, IS THE
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR OF THE
INSTITUTE OF GENDER AND HEALTH
OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF
HEALTH RESEARCH FOR THE CANADIAN
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH.
DR. TANNENBAUM IS
INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED AS
ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS ADVOCATE
FOR THE INTEGRATION OF SEX AND
GENDER AND MAIN STREAM RESEARCH
AND PRACTICE.
HER WORK IN THIS SPACE HAS BEEN
INSTRUMENTAL IN ACCELERATING
ACTION IN RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
TO ADVANCE WOMEN'S HEALTH AND
ULTIMATELY THE WELL BEING AND
HEALTH OF ALL OF US.
DR. TANNENBAUM IS ALSO A
PRACTICING INTERNIST WOMEN'S
HEALTH SPECIALIST AND
GERIATRICIAN.
DR. CLAYTON WILL INTRODUCE
DR. TANNENBAUM, SO WITHOUT
FURTHER ADO, I WOULD LIKE TO
INTRODUCE YOU TO DR. JANINE
AUSTIN CLAYTON, SHE IS THE NIH
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OFFICE ON
WOMEN'S HEALTH.
SHE HAS WORKED PRIOR AND
CURRENTLY TO ADVANCE THE WOMEN'S
HEALTH RESEARCH AND WOMEN IN
SCIENTIFIC CAREERS.
SHE CO-CHAIRS THE NIH WORKING
GROUP ON WOMEN AND MEDICAL
RESEARCH WITH THE NIH DIRECTOR,
THE PRIOR NIH DIRECTOR
DR. FRANCIS COLLINS.
BY TRAINING SHE'S A BOARD
CERTIFIED OPHTHALMOLOGIST AND
ALSO IS ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE
NIH COMMUNITY.
SO DUE TO TIME CONSTRAINTS, I
WILL DEFER TO TELLING YOU ALL
ABOUT HER OTHER ACCOMPLISH
WANTS.
SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, I AM
INTRODUCING DR. JANINE AUSTIN
CLAYTON, DIRECTOR, NIH OFFICE OF
RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH.
DR. CLAYTON?
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. HUNTER
FOR THAT KIND INTRODUCTION.
IT'S REALLY
EXCITING TO BE WITH YOU HERE
TODAY AS WE HAVE OUR SCORE
MEETING, OUR SPECIALIZED CENTERS
OF RESEARCH EXCELLENCE THESE
PROGRAMS ARE CRITICAL TO OUR
EFFORTS TO ADVANCE THE NE H SEX
AS A BIOLEDGE CALVARIABLE OR
SABB POLICY.
AND THIS IS OUR THIRD ANNUAL
SCORE MEETING.
AND AS YOU KNOW SCORE IS THE
ONLY NIH-CENTER LEVEL DISEASE
SPECIFIC RESEARCH SPOKEUSED
SPECIFICALLY ON SEX DIFFERENCES
AND THE SCORE GOALS ARE TO
EXPEDITE INTERDISCIPLINARY
DEVELOPMENT OF MG AND,A PLIE
THAT KNOWLEDGE TO DISEASE
CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT WOMEN.
WE LEARN MORE ABOUT THE ETIOLOGY
OF SEX DIFFERENCES AND DISEASE
DIFFERENCES AS THEY PLAY A ROLE.
THE U54 WHICH IS THE CURRENT
SCORE WITH AN E WAS AN EXPANSION
OF OUR PREVIOUS P50 AND WE ADDED
A CAREER ENHANCEMENT CORE TO THE
PREVIOUS P50 TO ENHANCE THE
TRAINING OF THE NEXT GENERATION
OF SEX DIFFERENCES RESEARCHERS.
THOSE CENTERS, THE SCORE CENTERS
HELP TO MODEL HOW SEX AS A
BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE CAN BE
APPLIED TO VARIOUS RESEARCH
QUESTIONS AND HELP US TO DEVELOP
STANDARDS TO CONSIDER SA BV
ACROSS THE RESEARCH CONTINUUM.
SO HOW DOES THE SCORE PROGRAM
INTEGRATE SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL
VARIABLE?
IT HELPS TO MODEL HOW SABV IS
APPLIED BY PROVIDING DIFFERENT
EXAMPLES OF SEX AWARE STUDIES
WHETHER THAT'S POWERED STUDIES
TO DETECT SEX DIFFERENCES OR
DISAGGREGATING RESULTS OR
COMPLEMENTAARY STUDIES THAT
ADDRESS SEX SPECIFIC QUESTIONS,
AS APPROPRIATE BALANCED OR SEX
STRATIFIED RANDOMIZATION, WE
HAVE ALSO THROUGH THE SCORE A
PUDGIER CLAKERATION ACROSS THE
VARIOUS PROGRAMS, AND WE HOPE
FOR SUCCESSES OF WHICH THERE
HAVE BEEN MANY TO HELP PENETRATE
THE ADOPTION OF SABV TO HELP
WITH THAT THROUGH VARIOUS
DISCIPLINES IN RESEARCH FIELDS.
I'M ALWAYS EXCITED TO SEE THE
RAINCHL OF TOPICS THAT ARE
REPRESENTED AT OUR SCORES
WHETHER IT'S STRESS AND NEURAL
REGULATION OF AGING AND SEX
OUTCOMES, OR METABOLIC DINNERSS
IN SEX, WE HAVE A RAINCHL OF
TOPICS THAT ARE BEING
INVESTIGATED BY OUR CURRENT
SCORE PIs AND WE THINK OF OUR
PIs AS DIPLOMATS FOR SEX AS A
BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE.
I WANT TO TAKE A MINUTE TO FOCUS
ON THE RECENT ADDITION OF THE
SCORE STEERING COMMITTEE AND THE
ADDITION OF SCORE MONTHLY
MEETING AS PART OF THE CAREER
ENHANCEMENT CORE OR THE EXPANDED
SCORE.
THE SCORE STEERING COMMITTEE
EVOLVED OVER THE COURSE OF THE
LAST SEVERAL YEARS.
IT'S TAKEN THE LEADOT
ORGANIZATION AND FOCUS OF THE
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEETINGS, IT
HAS WORKED ON INCREASING PROGRAM
ISHT ACTION AND HIGHLIGHT THE
NEXT GENERATION OF SCORE
RESEARCHERS AND UNDER THE
DIRECTION OF THE CURRENT
STEERING COMMITTEE EACH MONTHLY
PROGRAM HOSTS 2-3 PRESENTATIONS
BY THE CAREER ENHANCEMENT CORE
AWARDEES ACROSS THE SCORE
PROGRAMS.
AND FITTER AT THIS YEAR'S ANNUAL
MEETING, THE FLASH TALKS FROM
EACH OF THE SCORE PROGRAMS WILL
BE IN 2 SESSIONS, AND EACH
SESSION WILL INCLUDE A VOTING
POLL AND AWARDS TO RECOGNIZE A
TOTAL OF 6 FLASH TALKS.
SO THOSE MONTHLY MEETINGS HAVE
SERVED AS AN IMPORTANT ADDITION
TO OUR SCORE AGREEMENTS.
THEY SERVE AS A PLATFORM TO
INCREASE SCORES INTERACTION,
ALLOW FOR SCIENTIFIC INTERACTION
AND IDEAS AND IDENTIFICATION OF
COMMON THEMES.
THIS YEAR CERTAINLY DID NOT COME
WITHOUT ITS CHALLENGES.
AS OUR CURRENT SCORE COHORT
PREPARES TO CLOSE THIS CHAPTER,
WE WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE ALL OF
THEIR HARD WORK AND DEDICATION
TO THE CORE PROGRAM.
THEY WERE OUR TRAILBLAZERS
TAKING THE SCORE WITH A KNEE
PROGRAM FROM ITS FIRST
ITERATIONS OF THE P50 TO THE
CURRENT MULTIFACETED COOPERATIVE
AGREEMENT INCLUDING THE CAREER
ENHANCEMENT COMPONENT.
THEY'VE PERSEVERED THROUGH THE
UNCERTAINTY OF THE COVID-19
PANDEMIC AND A NEW WORKING
ENVIRONMENT THAT DEVELOPED AS A
CONSEQUENCE.
AND THESE WERE BIG CHANGES THAT
HAD THE POTENTIAL TO DISRUPT OUR
WORK BUT IT DID NOT BREAK OUR
COLLEAGUES AT ALL.
OUR PIs EXCEEDED THE GOALS OF
THE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AND I
WANT TO APPLAUD YOU FOR YOUR
PERSEVERANCE AND ENCOURAGE YOU
AS THIS RESEARCH MOVES FORWARD
AND CONTINUES.
WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO
ACKNOWLEDGE OUR FUNDERS WITH THE
FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT, OUR
INSTITUTE AND DEPARTMENTS HAVE
SUPPORTED THE SCORE RESEARCHERS
THROUGH FUNDING AND
COLLABORATION AS THEY SHARE THE
ORWH VISION FOR ADVANCING SEX AS
A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE.
EACH YEAR THIS MEETING MARKS A
TANGIBLE SHIFT IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION AND ADVANCEMENT
OF SABV POLICY.
AS WE'VE GONE THROUGH THE YEARS
AND INTEGRATED IT THROUGH THE
NIH BUSINESS PROCESSES, ALTERING
INSTRUCTIONS, APPLICATION FORMS
AND PEER REVIEW, PROVIDING
ADDITIONAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITY
THROUGH THE SEX AND GENDER ADMEN
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS TO
BRENG MORE SCIENTISTS INTO THE
FOLD AND NIH WIDE SABV WORKING
GROUP THAT INFORMS THE
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF
THE POLICY AND THEN MOST
RECENTLY AN NIH SCIENTIFIC
INTEREST GROUP ON SEX AND GENDER
AND HEALTH AND DISEASE TO HELP
DISSEMINATE THAT RESEARCH AND
FOSTER COLLABORATION AT NIH.
ANOTHER ADVANCE FROM THE SCORE
IS OUR INTERPROFESSIONAL
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, MANY
OF THE SCORE INVESTIGATORS
SERVED AS WRITERS ON SOME OF OUR
COURSE WORK AND PARTICIPATE IN
THE TRAIN THE TRAINER MATERIAL
FOR THE SABV PRIMER, AND HERE
ARE SEVERAL OF THE OTHER
OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATIONAL
LEARNING WE HAVE AVAILABLE ON
OUR WEBSITE AND VERY RECENTLY
WOO HAVE 3 CME CREDITS AVAILABLE
FOR OUR BENCH TO BEDSIDE COURSE
INTEGRATING SEX DIFFERENCES FOR
HUMAN HEALTH.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK THE
SCORE TEAM AT OURITUTES AND
PARTNERS AND DR. SHARON HUNTER,
DR. [INDISCERNIBLE], AND
MR. DARYL TURNER, AS WELL AS
BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
SECTION IN TEAM ORWH FOR ALL OF
YOUR HARD WORK, THANK YOU VERY
MUCH TO OUR OUTSTANDING SCORE
TEAM FOR THEIR AMAZING WORK AND
OUR INSTITUTE AND CENTER FOR
PARTNERS FOR ALL OF THEIR
SUPPORT.
AND WITH THAT, IT'S MY PLEASURE
TO INTRODUCE MY FRIEND AND
COLLEAGUE DR. CARA TANNENBAUM,
DR. TANNENBAUM IS AN
INTERNATIONAL EXPERT IN SEX AND
GENDER BASED ANALYSIS.
SHE IS DIRECTOR OF THE SCIENCE
EN--STRATEGIESITUTE OF GENDER
AND HEALTH AT THE CANADIAN
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH
APONENTED IN 2015 AND CURRENTLY
SERVES AS THE DEPARTMENTMENTAL
SCIENCE ADVISOR FOR HEALTH
CABBEDDA.
SHE IS ALSO PROFESSOR IN THE
FACULTIES OF MEDICINE AND
PHARMACY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
MONTREAL AND RECIPIENT OF
SEVERAL PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS
ENCLUEDING THE [INDISCERNIBLE]
EQUITY AWARD FROM THE ASSOCIATE
OF MEDICINE CANADA AND HAS
MEMBERSHIP IN THE, STEAMED ORDER
OF CANADA.
DR. TANNENBAUM LEVERAGES HER
SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE AND
EXPERIENCE TO PROVIDE
INTERNATIONALLY REGULATED
LEADERSHIP ON GENDER BASED
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND
POLICY.
SHE HAS TAKEN AIM AT THE
STRUCTURES WHICH SUPPORT
FUNDING, CONDUCT AND THE USE OF
RESEARCH IN ORDER TO MAKE
SCIENCE MORE EQUITABLE AND BY
EXTENSION STRENGTHEN OF QUALITY,
RELEVANCE AND IMPACT OF HEALTH
RESEARCH.
SHE ALSO CHAMPIONS OF USE OF
DATA TO DRIVE DECISION MAKING.
WE'RE EXCITED TO HAVE
DR. TANNENBAUM TO PRESENT THIS
YEAR'S TALK TITLED: NEXT
GENERATION IN SCEKS AND SCIENCE
WELCOME DR. TANNENBAUM.
>>THANK YOU JANINE, I AM
EXCITED TO BE HERE TOO.
CONGRATULATIONS TO EVERYONE FOR
THE WORK THAT YOU'VE DONE, IT'S
OBVIOUS YOU'RE REALLY ADVAPSING
SCIENCE AND WHAT I WANT TO TALK
TO YOU ABOUT, WHAT I'M DELIGHTED
TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT TODAY IS
THE NEXT GENERATION OF SEX AND
GENDER SCIENCE.
WHAT I'M HOPING TO DO IN THE
NEXT HALF HOUR OR SO IS TO
INVITE TO YOU REFLECT WITH ME ON
1, A VISION FOR THE NEXT VISION
OF SEX AND GENDER SCIENCE AND
THEN HOW WE GET THERE AND
FINALLY, WHAT YOU CAN DO TO
HELP.
LET'S START WITH THE VISION.
OF COURSE WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT
WHERE YOU WANT TO GO, IT'S
HELPFUL TO REFLECT ON WHERE YOU
ARE COMING FROM AND IT'S
IMPORTANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
MOST PEOPLE WILL ATTRIBUTE OUR
MODERN DAY APPROACH TO SEX
DIFFERENCES TO DARWIN ACTUALLY.
TO DARWIN AND ESSENTIALISM WAY
BACK IN THE 19th CENTURY AND
IT WAS DARWIN WHO WAS THE FIRST
TO ARGUE THAT MALES AND FEMALES
AND ESSENTIALLY SURVIVAL WAS DUE
TO SELECTION OF THIS GENETIC
MAKEUP TO EXCEED PROCREATION OF
THE SPECIES.
NOW OF COURSE SCIENCE IS ALWAYS
EVOLVING AND PART OF THE
SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS TO
CHALLENGE OUR NOW HYPOTHESIS, SO
IF WE WERE IN PERSON, I WOULD
ASK YOU TO TELL ME TO PLEASE
MENTION 2 FATAL FLAWS IN
DARWIN'S ARGUMENT, AND DO YOU
KNOW WHAT THOSE MIGHT BE?
WELL, 1, ARE WE A HUNDRED% SURE
THAT SEX IS ALWAYS GENETICALLY
MEDIATED AND 2 ARE WE A HUNDRED%
SURE THAT SEX IS ALWAYS BINARY
AND DIVIDED INTO MALES AND
FEMALES.
AND FAST FORWARD A LITTLE BIT TO
THE REST OF THE TALK, IN FACT,
DARWIN WAS PROVED TO BE
INCORRECT.
THE EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
CAN PROFOUNDLY AFFECT SEX
DETERMINE NATION.
SO FOR MANY REPTILE SPECIES SEX
DETERMINE NATION IS TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT AND I DON'T THINK WE
HAVE ANYONE JOINING US FROM DOWN
UNDER TODAY BUT MAYBE WE DO,
THEY'RE THE GREEN SEA TURTLE
POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN GREAT
BARRIER REEF THEIR SEX IS
DETERMINED BY MALES FOR COOLER
TEMPERATURES AND BY FEMALES BY
WARMER TEMPERATURES AND ALTHOUGH
WE WILL NOT TALK ABOUT THIS
TODAY, THOSE OF YOU INTERESTED
IN CLIMATE CHANGE MIGHT BE
INTERESTED TO KNOW THAT CLIMATE
CHANGE IS POSING A SERIOUS
THREAT TO THE PERSISTENCE OF
MANY REPTILE POPULATIONS BECAUSE
OF THIS.
SO SEX NOT ONLY GENETICALLY
MEDIATED AND SEX NOT ALWAYS
BINARY.
NOW OF COURSE, ACTUAL
DISCIPLINARY MORPHISM IS A TRAIT
THAT WE SEE IN MANY SPECIES, AND
IN YOU HAD HUMANS THAT
TRANSLATES TO SEX SPECIFIC
DISEASES, SO IN WOMEN'S HEALTH,
OF COURSE WE WILL TALK ABOUT,
YOU KNOW UTERINE FIBROIDS,
UTERINE CANCER, ENDOMETRIOSIS
THAT WE DON'T SEE IN MALES,
HOWEVER IN MANY SPECIES SEX IS
NOT BINARY, YOU CAN THINK OF
PLANT OR ANIMAL SPECIES WHERE A
HERM AFRO DIET MEANS YOU HAVE
BOTH MALE AND FEMALE ORGANS AND
IN FACT MANY TRAITS ARE
OVERLAPPING IN MALE AND FEMALE.
SO SEX COMES IN MANY DIFFERENT
SIZES AND SHAPES AND THIS
IS--WELL, I'LL ASK YOU, WHAT
ABOUT SEX HORMONES, WOULD YOU
SAY THAT IT'S APPROPRIATE TO
REFER TO TESTOSTERONE AS THE
MALE HORMONE AND ESTROGEN AS A
FEMALE HORMONE AND OF COURSE, I
WISH THAT I COULD SEE YOUR CHAT
BUT I CAN BE THE SO I WILL GUESS
THAT MANY OF YOU SAID NO, IT'S
ACTUALLY INAPPROPRIATE TO REFER
TO THOSE HORMONES AS BEING MALE
OR FEMALE BECAUSE BOTH
TESTOSTERONE AND ESTROGEN VARY
ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE DPR BOTH
MALES AND FEMALES AND IT CHANGES
WITH WHERE YOU ARE IN THE
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OR NOT BUT
THAT VARIABILITY IN HORMONE
LEVEL SYSTEM PRESENT FOR BOTH
MALES AND FEMALES DEBUNKING THE
MYTH OF COURSE THAT FEMALES ARE
MORE VARIABLE BECAUSE OF
FLUCTUATING HORMONE LEVELS.
NOW WHAT ABOUT GENDER, THAT WAS
KIND OF THE ORIGIN OF SEX
DIFFERENCES RESEARCH, LET'S
FOCUS FOR A MINUTE ON GENDER.
IN FACT, PRIOR TO 1949, SCIENCE
AND MOSTLY PHILOSOPHY, ASSUME
THAT SEX AND GENDER WERE
INDISTINGUISHABLE AND IT WASN'T
UNTIL THE FRENCH FEMINIST
SIMONE, DE BEAUVOIO, THAT SAYS 1
IS NOT BORN BUT RATHER BECOMES A
WOMAN BECAUSE OF THE CONCEPT OF
SOCIAL GENDER INFLUENCES STARTED
TO,A RIEF.
IT WAS IN FACT, 1955, JOHN MOONY
WHO FIRST INTRODUCED THE
TERMINOLOGICAL DISTINCTION
BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL SEX AND
GENDER AS PLAYING THE ROLE IN
PSYCHOLOGY AND HE WAS THE FIRST
TO COIN THE TERM GENDER IDENTITY
WHICH STATES THAT NOT ONLY ARE
MALES AND FEMALES SEMESTERULAR
IN THEIR PREINATE AT DEVELOPMENT
BUT THE NEW BORN'S MIND IS
SEXUALLY UNDIFFERENTIATED, IT IS
EITHER MALE OR FEMALE AND MUST
BE INSTRUCTED AND I WILL PUT
THIS IN QUOTES--PROPER SEXUAL
RULE AND WE'LL COME BACK TO THAT
SO THIS IS WHERE THE TERM SEX
AND GENDER BECAME POPULARIZED
AND IT WASN'T UNTIL THE 70S WHEN
THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT JUMPEDOT
CONCEPT OF DISTINCTION BETWEEN
BIOLOGICAL SEX AND THE SOCIAL
CONSTRUCT OF GENDER.
THIS IS REALLY, I THINK THE
UNDERPINNINGS OF THE FAMOUS
DOCUMENTS THAT I THINK SCIENCE
TODAY, MAIN STREAM SCIENCE IS
PROBABLY FOUNDED ON WHICH WAS
THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE'S
DEFINITIONS OF SEX AND GENDER.
I WILL LET YOU READ THEM AND I
THINK HOPEFULLY, YOU WILL SEE
WHERE I'M GOING WITH THIS, BUT
AS OF--FOR THE LAST 20 YEARS,
SEX HAS BEEN DEFEIGNED AS THE
CLASS IFICATION OF LIVING THING,
AS PALE OR FEMALE ACCORDING TO
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS ASSIGNED BY
CHROMOSOMES.
AND GENDER REPRESENTATION IS
MALE OR FEMALE HOW THAT PERSON
IS RESPONDED TO BY SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS BASED ON THE
INDIVIDUAL'S GENDER
PRESENTATION, ROOT INDEED
BIOLOGY AND SHAPED BY
ENVIRONMENT AND EXPERIENCE.
FORTUNATELY, FAST FORWARD 20
YEARS AND WE'VE SINCE RECOGNIZED
THE HARMS OF THIS BINARY
THINKING THAT WAS EMBEDDED IN
THE DEFINITION IN FACT, MOONY
TODAY WAS HUGELY DETRIMENTAL, IT
WAS HUGELY DETRIMENTAL TO SEX
AND GENDER MINORITIES, MOONY WAS
THE FIRST TO EXPERIMENT WITH SEX
CHANGE SAYING THAT IF YOU
BROUGHT UP INFANTS OF ARTIFICIAL
NORMS CAN AND IT COULD SHAPE
WHETHER IT'S MALE OR FEMALE IN A
STRICTLY BINARY WAY AND ON THE
RIGHT SIDE OF THE SCREEN I'M
SLIGHTLY EMBARRASSED TO SAY, BUT
WE'RE DOING BETTER THAN SOME
COUNTRIES BY BANNING CONVERSION
THERAPY JUST THIS YEAR BECAUSE
OF THE ABSOLUTE HARM IT HAS
CAUSED TO SO MANY INDIVIDUALS
AND THE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT BINARY
DISCUSSIONS OF SEX AND MALES OR
FEMALES BEING DEFEIGNED AS SERUM
TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IS RAGING
TODAY IN OEMILYIC SPORTS.
WE READ ABOUT IT EVERY YEAR HOW
INTERSEX INDIVIDUALS FIT INTO
THE MALE AND FEMALE CATEGORIES
BOTH FOR MARATHONS AND THE LAST
YEAR OR 2 IN SWIMMING
COMPETITIONS.
SO FORTUNATELY WE HAVE AN
EXPANDED DEVELOPMENTAL
ENDOCRINOLOGY NEGZ OF SEX AND
GENDER, AND I THINK MANY OF US
WERE TRULY EXCITED ABOUT SEEING
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF
SCIENCES ENGINEERING, CONSENSUS
AND MEASURING REPORT WHICH JUST
CAME OUT THIS YEAR AND HERE I
WOULD LIKE YOU TO FOCUS IN ON
THE TERMINOLOGY.
THE TERMINOLOGY HAS BEEN
EXPANDED SUCH THAT SEX SHOULD
AND IS TO BE CONSIDERED A
MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT BASED
ON ANATOMICAL AND PHYSICAL
TRAITS, PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS,
GENITALIA, SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS, GONADS PROAM
KOAMS AND HORMONES AND IRPT SEX
REFERS TO SEX TRAITS THAT DO NOT
CORRESPOND TO THE SAME SEX, SO A
WAY WITH THE BINARY THINKING.
GENDER HAS ALSO BEEN DEFEIGNED
AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT
THAT LINKS, GENDER IDENT WITH
GENDER EXPRESSION WHICH HAS HELP
COMMUNICATE GENDER TO OTHERS AS
WELL AS SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS
ABOUT STATICS, CHARACTERISTICS
AND BEHAVIOR, SO I MUCH MORE
EXPANDED DEFINITION WHICH I
THINK SETS THE STAGE NICELY FOR
OUR VISION OF THE FUTURE OF SEX
AND GENDER SCIENCE.
SO TO RECAP, BASED ON SOCIETAL
BELIEFS, WE'VE NOW GONE FROM A
PLACE WHERE MALES THROUGHOUT THE
20th CENTURY AND REDUCTIONIST
MODEL OF SCIENCE, I WOULD SAY,
WHERE MALES WERE THE DEFAULT
RESEARCH MODEL TO SEX
DIFFERENCES RESEARCH WHERE MALES
AND FEMALES WERE TO BE INCLUDED
TO SOME OF THE NEW PROGRAMS THAT
YOU'VE INTRODUCED JANINE, WHERE
THERE'S A SEX AND GENDER
SUPPLEMENT WHERE GENDER NEEDS TO
BE CONSIDERED IN ADDITION TO SEX
WHERE I HOPE YOU'RE GOING IN THE
FUTURE AND WHERE I SUSPECT WE
ARE WHICH IS AN EXPANDED
DEFINITION OF WHAT SEX AND
GENDER SCIENCE IS AND HOW TO
APPLY THAT OPERATIONALLY.
SO IF THAT'S OUR VISION, THEN
HOW DO WE GET THERE?
AND I THINK THAT THERE'S, YOU
KNOW THE FIRST STEP IS TO DEBUNK
A LOT OF THE SCIENTIFIC
ASSUMPTIONS THAT WERE FALSELY
PUT IN PLACE BY DARWIN, BY
MOONY, BY SOME OF THE REPORTS
THAT WE HAD AND MY INDIGENOUS
COLLEAGUE VS INTRODUCED ME TO A
PHRASE CALLED: THE IMPORTANCE
OF LEARNING BUT ALSO UNLEARNING.
SO WE NEED TO UNLEARN WHAT WE
THINK WE KNOW IN ORDERED TO
LEARN A MORE ACCURATE
REPRESENTATION OF THE TRUTH IN
THE NATURAL WORLD WHICH IS
REALLY WHAT SCIENCE IS ALL
ABOUT.
NOW WE SYRUPLY WOULDN'T BE THE
FIRST TO DO THESE, SOMEONE
BROUGHT TO MY ATTENTION FLAT
EARTH THEORY RECENTLY AND
AVOIDING THE MISTAKES OF THE
PAST AND YOU MIGHT BE SURPRISED
TO RECOGNIZE THERE'S PLENTY OF
POO AROUND THE WORLD WHO
GENUINELY BELIEVE THE EARTH IS
FLAT AND THE NUMBER IS RISING
DUE TO MISINFORMATION AND
THERE'S NOW AN ANNUAL FLAT EARTH
CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE SO EVEN THOUGH
ARISTOTLE MANY, MANY YEARS AGO
DECLARED THAT THE EITHER WAS A
SPHERE AND THIS YOU LEARNED BY
OBSERVATION, HE WENT DOWN TO
EGYPT AND SAW THAT THE
CONSTELLATIONS HAD CHANGED AND
GALILEO WAS PUT IN JAIL FOR
HEARESSAY, SO IT STILL TOOK MORE
THAN 300 YEARS FOR THE CHURCH TO
ADMIT THAT GALILEO WAS RIGHT AND
CLEAR HIS NAME OF HRSES.
WHY DO I MENTION THIS BECAUSE I
DON'T THINK IT WILL TAKE 300
YEARS TO MOVE TO THE NEXT
GENERATION OF SEX AND SCIENCE
BUT THERE ARE AND WILL BE PEOPLE
WHO PUSH BACK AND RESIST OUR
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS SO WHAT CAN
WE MOVE FROM--WHAT WE NEED TO
DID IS MOVE QUICKLY, LET'S
DEBUNK ASSUMPTIONS RIGHT NOW AND
THE FIRST ASSUMPTION THAT YOU
NEED TO DEBUNK IS THAT SEX AND
GENDER ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE COB
SEPTORSS.
WE STILL HEAR PEOPLE USE THE
WORD INTERCHANGEABLY.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO HEAR, WELL
THIS AUDIENCE KNOWS THE
DIFFERENCE BUT IF YOU ARE
REVIEWING A MANUSCRIPT, IF YOU
ARE CORRECTING A THESIS, IF
YOU'RE IN CLASS, AND SOMEBODY
SAYS, GENDER IN LIEU OF SEX OR
THE GENDER OF MICE, I TOOK THEM
INTO CONSIDERATION THEN PLEASE,
PLEASE CORRECT AND BE PRECISE
AND ACCURATE IN YOUR TERMINOLOGY
BECAUSE OF SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY
THAT SEX REFERS TO THE
BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HUMANS
AND ANIMALS, AND THAT GENDER
REFERS TO THE SOCIALLY
CONSTRUCTED RULES, BEHAVIORS
EXPRESSIONS, IDENTITY, OF GIRLS,
WOMEN, BOYS, MEN AND GENDER
DIVERSE PEOPLE.
SO THAT'S THE FESTER THING WE
CAN DO IS START BEING PRECISE
WITH OUR LANGUAGE.
THE SECOND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER I
WOULD INVITE TO YOU DO IS TO
DEBUNK THE ASUSMTIONZ THAT SEX
AND GENDER ARE BINARY CONCEPTS.
THEY ARE NOT.
BOTH SEX AND GENDER EXIST ON A
SPECTRUM.
A SPECTRUM WHERE BIOLOGICAL
ATTRIBUTES AND SOCIAL IDENTITIES
AND EXPRESSIONS ARE NOT TO BE
CATEGORIZED IN CERTAIN BOXES AND
THAT'S GOING TO BE IMPORTANT
BECAUSE SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW OR
HAVE HEARD THAT THERE'S EVEN
RESISTANCE TO THE TERM SEX
DIFFERENCES NOW, BECAUSE IT'S
TOO BINARY AND YOU WILL NOTICE
THAT BOTH AT THE NIH AND IN
CANADA, THE CANADIAN INNSITUTES
OF HEALTH RESEARCH, WE USE
TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS ACCOUNTING
FOR SEX OR ACCOUNTING FOR GENDER
BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCE
MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONCEPTS AND I
THINK IF YOU CAN IT WOULD BE
IMPORTANT TO TRY TO THINK OF,
SEX IS A LITTLE MORE--MORE
HARDER THAN GENDER BUT SEX DOES
EXIST ON A SPECTRUM, THINK OF
IMMORTAL CELL LEANS, IT'S NOT
AWLTZ CLEAR WHAT SEX IS, SEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS AND
TRIBUTES WILL EXIST NOT ONLY AS
MALE AND FEMALE IN OUR RESEARCH.
THE THIRD ASSUMPTION THAT NEEDS
TO BE DEBUNKED IS THAT SEX AND
GENDER NEED TO BE BROKEN DOWN
INTO SIMPLE AND UNRELATED
CONCEPTS.
THE TERM MULTIDIMENSIONAL CAME
UP BOTH IN THE NEW NATIONAL
ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING
AND MEDICINE DEFINITION AND
ALSO, IN A LOT OF SUBMISSIONS
WE'RE USE NOTHING CANADA AND SEX
AS BEING MULTIDIMENSIONAL,
GENES, HORMONES, PHYSIOLOGY,
SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS,
GONADS BUT GENDER TOO IS
MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCTY
DIMENSIONAL AND I WOULD INVITE
TO YOU NEVER JUST SAY GENDER.
I WOULD INVITE TO YOU USE THE
TERM GENDER IDENTITY IF YOU'RE
TALKING ABOUT FOLKS INNER SENSE
OF SELF-AS MASCULINE, FELPS 19,
BOTH, NEITHER, IN BETWEEN.
THE TERM CISGENDER IT DOES NOT
MATCH THE SEX ASSIGNED AT BIRTH,
USE THE WORD TRANSGENDER IF THE
IDENTITY--CIS GENDER IF IT DOES
MATCH THE SEX AT BIRTH,
TRANSGENDER DIFFERENCES FER DID
DOES NOT MATCH THE SEX ASSIGNED
AT BIRTH OR GENDER NONCONFORMING
OR NONBINARY IF IT'S SOMEWHERE
IN BETWEEN.
BUT GENDER CAN ALSO REFER
TOIENDER RULES, IT REFLECT
ASSOCIATAL EXPECTATIONS.
DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN MOONY SAID
THIS WILL DETERMINE A PERSON'S
PROPER SEXUAL ORIENTATION, A LOT
OF JUDGMENT THERE, A LOT OF
ASSUMPTIONS THAT ARE VERY
CONTEXT DEPENDENT, TIME AND
SETTING DEPENDENT AND GENDER
ROLES WILL HAVE INFLUENCES ON
EVERYDAY BEHAVIORS AS WELL AS
POWER RELATIONS, AND POWER
RELATIONS ARE OFTEN RELATED TO
INIQUITIES IN HEALTH WHICH IS
WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO ADDRESS.
GENDER RULES, ALSO RELATED TO
OCCUPATION, ROLES IN THE HOME,
LEISURE ACTIVITY, DECISION
MAKING POWER AND SO, THE
BIOLOGICAL AND THE SOCIAL DO NOT
EXIST IN ISOLATION WHILE WE
STILL HAVE TO BE CLEAR WITH OUR
TURNS, YOU WILL SEE HERE THAT
GENDER IN YELLOW CAN INFLUENCE
OUR INTERNAL BIOLOGY AND SEX
BIOLOGY CAN VERY MUCH INFLUENCE
OUR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, SUCH
THAT SEX AND GENDER SCIENCE IS
BI-DIRECTIONAL AND INTERACTIVE
AND NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED AS
SUCH.
WE PROBABLY LIMIT OUR
UNDERSTANDING IF WE ARTIFICIALLY
SEPARATE THE 2 AND MANY FOLKS IN
CANADA HAVE SUGGESTED THAT WE
START USING THE TERM SEX GENDER
TO REFER TO THE
INTER-RELATEDNESS OF SEX AND
GENDER.
HOW DOES THIS GET
OPERATIONALIZED?
IT'S COMPLEX, AS CAN YOU SEE
FROM THE COMPLEXITY OF THE
SLIDE, BUT IF YOU COMBINE SEX
AND GENDER IN ANALYSIS AND TAKE
A NUMBER AS AN EXAMPLE AND YOU
OBSERVE THAT AS WAS MORE COMMON
IN MALES, BEFORE PUBERTY BUT
MORE COMMON IN FEMALES
AFTERWARDS, YOU COULD ASK THE
QUESTION WHY?
IS THIS DUE TO SEX, BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS OR JEBDER SOCIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL AND BEHAVIORIAL
FACTORS?
AND ON THE SEX RELATED
HYPOTHESIS SIDE, YOU MIGHT
REFLECT ON SEX DIFFERENCES IN
LUNG WITH DEVELOPMENT, HORMONE
LEVELS, IN IMMUNE RESPONSES TO
ALLERGENS,OT GENDER SIDE YOU
MIGHT THINK ABOUT DIFFERENCES IN
GENDER PLAY OR OCCUPATION ISSUES
DIFFERENCES IN SMOKING HABITS,
FOR WOMEN DIFFERENCES IN BELIEF
IN ADHERENCE TO ASTHMA
MEDICATION ESPECIALLY DURING
PREGNANCY WHEN THERE'S UNFOUNDED
FEAR THAT MAY BE TAKING STEROIDS
MIGHT AFFECT THE FETUS.
AND SO GENDER FACTORS CAN
INFLUENCE THE BIOLOGY, BOYS MAY
BE MORE LIKELY TO ENGAGE IN
OUTDOOR PLAY AND THUS INFLUENCE
THE MICROBES AND POLLUTE ANTS
THEY ARE EXPOSED TO IN THE SAND
BOX AND THESE CAN INFLUENCE
EPIGENETIC PROCESS SAYS WHICH IN
TURN CAN MODIFY GENE EXPRESSION.
SO SEX PERSON'S GENDER
CONTRIBUTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO
SEPARATE, BUT MORE AND MORE
STUDIES ARE FACTORING INTO STUDY
DESIGNS, ESPECIALLY THOSE
INVOLVES HUMANS BOTH SEX RELATED
FACTORS, AND GENDER RELATED
FACTORS.
HOW MANY OF YOU KNOW THAT THE
CANADIAN HAVE MADE A STUDY
REGARDING THIS AND BOTH HAPPEN
IN THE ENVIRONMENTMENT AND
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS.
THE FIELD EMBRACES MANY
DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES AND TRIES
TO UNDERSTAND HOW GENES,
ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL STIGMA AND
OTHER CONDITIONS LOS ANGELES AS
WELL INTERSECTING FACTORS
COMBINE.
SO WHERE DOES THIS LEAD YOU?
WELL, YOU, I THINK RIGHT NOW,
ARE FOCUSING IF YOU'RE
RESEARCHERS AND YOU'RE SCORE
INVESTIGATORS IF YOU ARE
LISTENING TO THIS AND YOU'RE NOT
A RESEARCHER OR SCORE
INVESTIGATOR THEN GO ALONG WITH
ME BECAUSE YOU CAN STILL HELP
BUT YOU PROBABLY ARE FOCUSING ON
METHODS, AND MECHANISMS.
AND THAT'S WHERE WE NEED TO BE
FOCUSING ON, BOTH BY MAIN
STREAMING BEST PRACTICES IN SEX
AND GENDER, BUT ALSO GROWING THE
SCIENCE OF SEX AND GENDER.
WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE?
WELL WE'RE CERTAINLY NOT
STARTING FROM SCRATCH, JANINE,
YOU MENTIONED THE SABV POLICY.
I THINK IT'S BECOMING FAIRLY
MAIN STREAM WHERE SEX IS
RELEVANT, SHOULD --I BE
INCLUDING BOTH SEXES AND SHOULD
I STRATIFY MY RESULTS AS SEX,
AND YES, BECAUSE IF YOU DON'T
YOU MESS IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES.
IN BASIC SCIENCE MAIN STREAMING
BEST PRACTICES IS ENUMERATING
HOW MANY MALE SUBJECTS HAVE YOU
IN YOUR STUDY, WHETHER IT'S
CELLS OR ANIMALS AND HOW MANY
MALES MEANS PLOTTING OUT THE
DIFFERENCES, LOOKING AT THE RAW
DATA EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT POWERED
TO LOOK AT DIFFERENCES, LOOK AT
THE RAW DATA TO SEE IF THERE'S
ANY TRENDS IN EXPLORATORY
FASHION SO THAT YOU CAN PAUSE A
HYPOTHESIS AND THEN TEST THESE
HYPOTHESIS WITH WELL-POWERED
STUDIES.
THIS IS SORT OF STANDARD
PRACTICE RIGHT NOW.
AND IF FOLKS ARE NOT DOING THIS
THEN THEY NEED TO BE CALLED OUT
AND HELD ACCOUNTABLE.
GROWING THE SCIENCE IS MORE
ABOUT DEVELOPING NEW METHODS AND
OF COURSE, ON THE SCORE
[INDISCERNIBLE] GENO TYPES MODEL
IS A GOOD PICTURE CHILD FOR THIS
WHERE BY GENETICALLY
ALTASDERATING--ALTASDERATING,
ALTERING GENETICALLY ALTERING
MICE, CAN YOU COMPARE THEM WITH
DIFFERENT SEX CHROMOSOME
COMPLEMENTS WHO KEPT THEIR
GONADS OR SEX HORMONES CONSTANT
WITH MICE WHO HAVE DIFFERENT
ADULT TYPES AND KEEPING THE SEX
CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT CONSTANT.
SO SEX HORMONES VERSUS SEX
GENETICS, AND THIS WILL HELP
ELUC DATE MECHANISMS.
BUT ULTIMATELY GROWING THE
SCIENCE MEANS ANSWERING THE
QUESTION WHY.
WHY DO WE ALMOST EVERY SINGLE
CONDITION WHETHER IT'S CHRONIC
DISEASE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES,
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, WHY
AROUND THE WORLD, I MEAN, TALK
ABOUT, YOU KNOW, YEAH, NO 1 WILL
EVER ACCUSE YOU OF NOT HAVING A
LARGE ENOUGH SAMPLE SIZE TO
STUDY DISEASE PREVALENCE AROUND
THE WORLD AND HERE WE SEE VERY,
VERY SIGNIFICANT SEX DIFFERENCES
AND ALMOST EVERY SINGLE
CONDITION LISTED ON THIS SLIDE.
AND SO EXPLORING MECHANISMS WILL
MEAN DOING A DEEP DIVE.
AND I DON'T THINK IT MEANS TO
SAY OH, YEAH, YEAH, YEAH, IT'S
PROBABLY THE SEX HORMONE LEVELS
BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY OTHER
EXCITING MECHANISMS THAT ARE
BEGGING TO BE EXPLORED.
NOT JUST LOOKING AT THE SEX
CHROMOSOMES, BUT TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFERS LIKE THE MOSAIC OF
WHY-CHROMOSOMES AND BLOOD CELLS
WITH AGE OR LOOKING AT X-IN
ACTIVATION.
WE KNOW THAT 10-15% OF GENES
ESCAPE IN ACTIVATION WHICH IS
WHEN 1 GENOME THAT 2
X-CHROMOSOMES ARE SILENT SO YOU
DON'T HAVE AN OVERDOSE OF
EXPRESSION BUT SOMETIMES THAT
ESCAPES AND YOU TOO, IT MEANS
LOOKING AT AUTOSOMAL GENE
EXPRESSION, WE KNOW THAT 85-90%
OF GENES ARE EXHIBITING SEX BIAS
IN HUMANS SO IT'S NOT JUST THE
SEX CHROMOSOMES.
AND EPIGENETICS IS ALSO EXCITING
WHERE SPERM RNAs HAVE BEEN
KNOWN TO TRANSMIT GENERATIONAL
EPIGENETIC INFORMATION AND MOST
RECENTLY I WAS INVITED TO GIVE A
TALK ON DPLIEK O BIOLOGY.
DO ANY OF YOU KNOW WHAT GLYCO
BIOLOGY?
THEY'RE ABOUT GLYCANS OR SUGAR
MOLECULES, THE HYDRATES THAT
COAT CELL WALLS AND ARE FOUND ON
ANTIBODIES AND HELP WITH
RECOGNITION.
DURING THIS TALK I LEARNED A
LOT, AND POSSED THE QUESTION
COULD THERE BE SEX DIFFERENCES
IN GLYCOSYLATION PATTERNS
BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES?
YOU CAN GUESS WHAT THE ANSWER IS
OR I WOULDN'T BE PUTTING IT IN
THE TALK HERE AND THE ANSWER WAS
UNEQUIVOCALLY YES, I DON'T NEED
YOU TO KNOW WHAT AN N-GLYCAN
PROFILE IS, BUT IF YOU'RE
CURIOUS, THE N-FOR THE NITROGEN
ATOM AND LET'S SAY THE PROTEIN,
YOU KNOW THE WE ARE THE
CARBOHYDRATE BIND TOO AND WHAT
HAPPENS WHEN THE CARBOHYDRATE
BINDS AND SOME OF YOU ARE BASIC
SCIENTISTS IS THAT YOU CAN HAVE
DIFFERENT KIND OF BRANCHING
PATTERNS OF THESE LITTLE SUGAR
MOLECULES LIKE I SHOWED YOU IN
THE LAST SLIDE AND IT TURNS OUT
THERE ARE A SIGNIFICANT SEX
DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY THE
SUGARS ARE BRANCHING OFF THE
ANTIBODIES FOR INSTANCE, AND
THAT THIS CHANGES WITH AGE AND
CAN VERY MUCH BE 1 OF THE
UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND I
DON'T KNOW, BUT I'M JUST SAYING
THE IN TEBTIAL FOR DISCOVERY IS
HUGE HERE IF WE START ASKING
ABOUT THE WHY.
WE ALREADY KNOW THAT PROTEINS
CAN BE INFLUENCED BY SEX AND
THEY CAN EXPLAIN 13% OF
VARIABILITY AND PROTEIN COMPLEX
ABUNDANCE AND STOIKIOTETRY WHICH
IS HOW THEY LOOK AND THEY'RE 3
DIMENSIONAL SHAPES ARE SO WE
KNOW A LOT BUT WE HAVE SO MUCH
MORE TO LEARN HOW DOES THIS
APPLY TO HUMANS WELL IF YOU'RE
DOING BASIC SCIENCE AND I DON'T
EVER WANT TO HEAR YOU SAY THE
WORD GENDER UNLESS YOU'RE DOING
A SEX AND GENDER BASED ANALYSIS
PROJECT AT LEVEL 3 HADN'T 3 YOU
KNOW 301, LIKE THE 101, VERSUS
THE 301, VERY SOPHISTICATE I
DON'T EVER WANT TO HEAR BASIC
SCIENCE SAY GENDER UNLESS THEY
KNOW WHAT THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT
BUT IN HUMANS OF COURSE, YOU
HAVE TO THINK ABOUT BOTH AND WE
TALKED ABOUT ASTHMA AND LUNG
DISEASE AND SO IF YOU'RE REALLY
TRYING TO ELUC DATE THE UNDER
LYING MECHANISMS BETWEEN SEX
DIFFERENCES OR GENES AND THE
ANATOMY BE IT MOLECULAR OR ORGAN
BIASED BUT ALSO TO BE LOOKING AT
INTERRELATED EXPOSURES AND HERE
I WILL BE SPECIFIC IN THE NEXT
SLIDE, SO I WILL SAY WHEN I'M
TALKING ABOUT GENDER ROLES AND
WHEN I'M TALKING ABOUT GENDER
IDENTITY AND HOW THESE INTERACT.
SO THINK ABOUT TOXIC LUNG
EXPOSURES DUE TO GENDER RULES,
OR GENDER EXPECTATIONS ON FOLKS
IN THE BEHAVIORS AND
OCCUPATIONS, THAT THEY'RE GOING
TO ADOPT.
SO FOR MANY, MEN BEING MORE, MAY
BE MORE LIKELY EXPOSED TO
ASBESTOS BECAUSE OF THEIR
INVOLVEMENT IN THE MINING
INDUSTRY OR TO WOOD DUST BECAUSE
OF THEIR ROLES IN FURNITURE OR
AND CONSTRUCTION, YOU KNOW JOBS,
AND WOMEN MAY BE MORE PREVALENT
IN HAIR SALONS, AGAIN IT'S A
GBLIZATION, NOT BINARY BUT THEY
MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO BE EXPOSED
ESPECIALLY IN THE PAST TO THINGS
LIKE FORMALDEHYDE OR LAUNDRY AND
CLEANING SOLVENTS BECAUSE OF THE
GENDER ROLES AND THIS MAY HAVE
AN INFLUENCE AND ISHT ACTION
WITH SEX ON THE PREVALENCE AND
INCIDENCE OF DISEASE.
NOW I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT
GENDER IDENTITY, IT CAN ALSO
INFLUENCE THE HORMONES, THE
EXOGENOUS HORMONES YOU ARE
TAKING AND IT'S NOT JUST FOR
TRANSFOLK WHERE THIS OCCURS,
IT'S ALSO FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE
TAKING EXOGENOUS HORMONES SAY
FOR THE TREATMENT OF BEST CANCER
OR PROSTATE CANCER AND SO, THE
HORMONES WILL THEN INFLUENCE
BILATERALLY, YOU KNOW BACK AND
FORTH BOTH YOUR INSIDES AND
OUTSIDES, SO AS WE ARE GIVING
GENDER AFFIRMING THERAPIES FROM
EARLIER AND EARLIER
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TELL BE
REALLY INTERESTING TO SEE WHAT
EFFECT THIS HAS ALMOST IN A
QUASI EXPERIMENT AMILLIO FASHION
ON THAT SEX PREVALENCE OF
DISEASE AND WHETHER IT CHEANKS
FOR TRANSFOLK WHO ARE TAKING
GENDER AFFIRMING OR NONBIENAR
FOLK WHO ARE TAKING GENDER
AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPIES.
SO I THINK 1 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
THAT YOU SHOULD BE ASKING IS
WHICH COMPONENTS OF GENDER MAY
BE REEL KEEPSAKES VABT TO YOUR
ANALYSIS.
IF YOU ARE HARVESTING CELLS WHAT
IS THE HORMONE STATUS OF THE
INDIVIDUALS WHO YOU ARE
HARVESTING STEM CELLS FROM AND
ARE THEY EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT
HORMONAL MILIEUs.
AND OTHER EXAMPLES OF GENDER
RELATED VARIABLES BUT MAY BE
RELEVANT.
SO AGAIN IF YOU'RE DOING HUMAN
STUDIES, CLINICAL STUDIES,
HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH, PUBLIC
HEALTH RESEARCH AND ALWAYS
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE
DIFFERENT GENDER RELATED
VARIABLES, UNDER GENDER ROLES,
GENDER RELATIONS OR
INSTITUTIONAL GENDER, WILL BE
IMPORTANT.
WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THOSE
VARIABLES, WELL, YOU ASKED THE
QUESTION, IF I SEE A SEX
DIFFERENCE IN A CERTAIN
CONDITION, COULD IT BE EXPLAINED
BY A GENDER RELATED VARIABLE?
AND AM I ABLE TO IN MY DATA SET
FOR INSTANCE, TO BE ABLE TO
CONSTRUCT A GENDER SCORE AND
THIS IS WHAT NEW METHODS IN SEX
AND GENDER SCIENCE LOOK LIKE.
IT'S WHAT WAS DONE BY LUIS
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND HER TEAM AND
A FEW TEAMS BY NOW.
THEY ASK WHICH SEX DIFFERENCES
ARE RELEVANT AND THEN THEY
COLLECT THEM BY SURVEYS OR IN
CANADA WE HAVE COMMUNITY SURVEYS
AND THEY CREATE A GEPPEDDER
SCORE.
AND THEY ASK QUESTIONS SUCH AS
WELL, IS IT SEX OR IS IT GENDER
RELATED CHARACTERISTICS WHICH
MOST SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICT
OUTCOMES AFTER EARLY HEART
ATTACK AND IN THIS STUDY BY
CREATING A GENDER SCORE, IT WAS
DEMONSTRATED THAT FEMALE GENDER
INDEPENDENT OF SEX IS WHAT BEST
PREDICTS POOR OUTCOMES AFTER
HEART ATTACKS IN MIDDLE AGED
INDIVIDUALS AND YOU MIGHT SAY
YEAH, ABOUT YOU HOW CAN YOU
DIFFERENTIATE SEX AND GENDER.
AND HERE WE PLOT OFFICE OF
DIVERSITY THE X-AXIS, YOU KNOW
THE GENDER SCORE OF INDIVIDUALS
BASED ON FEMININE OR MASCULINE
CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON
DEFINITE ROLES AND OCCUPATIONS
AND ACCORDING TO SEX AND IT
DISTRIBUTES DIFFERENTLY FOR MEN
THAN WOMEN.
SO THIS IS DOABLE, THIS IS
POSSIBLE, I NOW KNOW ABOUT 6
DIFFERENT STUDIES THAT HAVE
CREATED DIFFERENT GENDER SCORES
AND IT'S CONTRIBUTING TO OUR
KNOWLEDGE AND EVIDENCE ON SEX
AND GENDER.
WHY DOES IT MATTER IS THIS WHAT
EXPLAINS THE SEX DIFFERENCES?
WHAT ROLE DOES GENDER PLAY?
WHO CARES WHAT WE DO WITH THAT?
WELL THE WHOLE POINT OF OUR
HEALTH RESEARCH IS TO IMPROVE
HEALTH AND THAT MEANS THATY WOO
WILL BE IMP LEMMING AND
DESIGNING HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
AND THE W. H. O. HAS COME UP
WITH A SCORING OR
CATEGORIZATIONS OF HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS AND IF YOU ARE
INVOLVED OR YOU RECEIVE ISHT
VENTIONS YOU CAN ASK, THE
INFORMATION I RECEIVED GENDER
UPEQUAL, GENDER BLIND, GENDER
SENSITIVE, GENDER SPECIFIC OR
GENDER TRANSFORMATIVE AND THIS
GOES ON FROM INSWIERING TO
ADDRESSING GENDER INEQUALITIES.
THIS INCLUDES WAYS TO TRANSFORM
ROLES AND ENTERVENTIONS BY
VIRTUE OF THE INTERVENTION THAT
WAS IMPLEMENTED AND THE OTHERS
ARE THIS BETWEEN.
DO I HAVE EXAMPLES OF THIS?
OF COURSE I HAVE EXAMPLES OF
THIS.
AND 1 OF MY FAVORITE EXAMPLE
SYSTEM THE SNOW CLEARING POLICY.
NOW I UNDERSTAND IN BETHESDA,
THE LEAVES MIGHT BE BEAUTIFUL
RIGHT NOW, AND NOBODY WANTS TO
THINK OF SNOW YET, BUT HUMOR ME,
WE'VE HAD FROST HERE IN CANADA
ALREADY AND MAYBE SOME OF YOU
DOWN SOUTH NEVER WANT TO SEE
SNOW BUT HERE IN CANADA, WE
CERTAINLY SPEBD A LOT OF MONEY
AND A LOT OF TIME HAPPENING
ABOUT SNOW CLEARING AND SWEDEN
IMPLEMENTED A GEPPEDDER
TRANSFORMATIVE--GENDER
TRANSFORMATIVE SNOW CLEARING
POLICY THAT CAUGHT THE ATTENTION
OF OUR POLICY MAKERS.
HERE IN CANDFOR ALL OF
GOVERNMENT WE HAVE A SEX AND
GENDER BASED POLICY SO WE ARE
ALWAYS ASKING ARE THERE BENEFIS
BY GENDER BALANCED POLICY?
NOW I KNOW YOU'RE CURIOUS WHAT
THIS IS SO I WILL TELL YOU HO
DID THIS HAPPEN?
WELL HEBLGHTY CITIES IS A AN
INITCRATIVE AROUND THE WORLD
WHERE MUNICIPALITIES ARE LOOKING
AT GETTING HEALTHIER AND 1 IS
LOOKING AT HOW MANY INJURIES
OCCUR IN A GIVEN YEAR.
AND STOCK HOME SAID ARE THERE
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER OF
PEDESTRIAN INJURIES THAT OCCUR
IN OUR CITY AND THE ANSWER WAS
YES.
IN FACT, 69% OF SINGLE PERSON
INJURIES INVOLVED WOMEN AND THE
MAJORITY OF THESE INJURIES
HAPPENED IN THE WINTER AND THE
CAUSE OF THESE INJURIES IS THAT
FOLKS, WOMEN ESPECIALLY HAD
SLIPPED OR FALLEN ON SNOWY OR
ICY SURFACES.
AND THEY ASKED, COULD GENDER
EXPLAIN THE SEX DIFFERENCE AND
THE ANSWER WAS YES BECAUSE THE
FIRST STREETS TO BE SO CLEANED
WERE THE LARGE STREETS OR
ARTERIES LEADING INTO THE
BUSINESS AREA WHERE MOST OF THE
MEN WORKED BECAUSE SOCIETY
VALUED THE WORK THAT MEN DID.
AND THE SMALLER STREET SIDEWALKS
WERE CLEARED AFTERWARDS AND THIS
IS WOMEN WITH LOWER PAID WORK
AND WOMEN WITH LOWER
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, TO GO NOT
USING CARS.
IT TURNS OUT OUT THAT THE COST
OF THE PEDESTRIAN INJURIES WAS 3
TIMES HIGHER THAN THE COST OF
SNOW CLEARING.
SO FROM A COST EFFECTIVENESS
PERSPECTIVE, IT MADE SENSE TO
DESEEN A GENDER BALANCED SNOW
CLEARING SYSTEM WHERE THE
SIDEWALKS, THE BIKE PATHS AND
THE SMALL STREETS WOULD BE
CLEARED FIRST THEN THEY CLEARED
THE ROAD TO HOSPITALS UNLESS
THEY CLEARED THE SNOW FROM THE
LARGE ARTERIES.
DID IT WORK?
YES AND I INVITE TO YOU READ
[INDISCERNIBLE] BOOK INVISIBLE
WOMAN, IT'S A FASCINATING STORY
AND LED TO 2 FOLD DECREASE OF
PEDESTRIAN INDENSES.
SO HOW MIGHT YOU APPLY A SEX AND
GENDER BASED ANALYSIS TO
CLINICAL CARE ISHT VENTIONS?
WELL I REALLY LIKE ALLYSON
Mc GREGOR'S APPROACH, SHE SAID
IF YOU ARE A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER
THEN YOU NEED TO IDENTIFY SEX
AND GENDER OF THE PATIENT
SITTING IN FRONT OF YOU, ASK
WHETHER THERE COULD BE SEX
DRVESES IN:ICAL MANIFESTATIONS
OF THE DISEASE, SO THE WAY WOMEN
EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS OF HEART
ATTACK DIFFERENT THAN MEN,
RECOGNIZE POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS
IN DIAGNOSTIC TESTING, EVEN EKG,
YOU KNOW THE LINES YOU SEE,
THERE'S A BIT OF A DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN OF DIFFERENT
POLARIZATION RATES OR ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTING MECHANISMS IN THE
HEART.
WHAT ABOUT BIOMARKERS?
WELL IF WOMEN HAVE LESS MUSCLE
MASS ON AVERAGE, SEX RELATED
VARIABLE, THEN BIOMARKERS LIE
TROIP OWNIN WHICH TELL YOU IF
YOU HAD A HEART ATTACK MAY BE
DIFFERENT AND LABORATORY VALUES
SHOULD BE DIFFERENT, TOO.
DOSE MEDICATIONS DIFFERENTLY MAY
BE BASED ON SEX SPECIFIC
EVIDENCE.
WE ALREADY HAVE MEDICATIONS
WHERE THERE'S DIFFERENT
RECOMMENDED DOSES ACCORDING TO
SEX AND WHO KNOWS BASED ON
DIFFERENCES IN FINDING AN IMMUNE
FUNCTION OR DEPRESSION MAYBE 1
DAY WILL HAVE COMPLETELY
DIFFERENT MEDICATION FOR MEN AND
WOMEN AND FINALLY MITIGATE
GENDER BIAS AND THE BEST EXAMPLE
OF MITIGATING GENDER BIAS COMES
OUT OF THE CLEVELAND CLINIC IN
MY HUMBLE OPINION AND THEY DID A
DEEP AUDIT ON OUTCOMES AFTER
HEART ATTACK.
AND THEY LOOKED AT 490 MEN AND
239 WOMEN AND THEY FOUND OUT
THAT THEIR USUAL CARE FOR
DIAGNOSING AND TREATING HEART
ATTACKS LED TO A 6.1% HIGHER
MORTALITY IN WOMEN AT 30 DAYS
BECAUSE IT SEEMS THAT WOMEN WERE
NOT IMETTING AS MUCH OF THE
GUIDELINE THERAPY AND IT WAS
TAKING LONGER FROM DOOR TO
BALLOON TIME WHICH MEANS TIME
THEY SHOAP UP TO THE EMERGENCY
ROOM TO THE TIME THEY GET TO THE
CATHETERIZATION LAB TO PUT IN AN
BALLOON FOR AN ARTERY THAT WAS
BLOCKED.
SO WHAT SPECIFIC DETAILS ON THEY
DO AN INTERVENTION, IT TAKES
LONGER TO GET YOU KNOW THE
NEEDLE IN AND THE IV IN IF YOU
GO THROUGH THE LEG IN WOMEN SO
EIVE LET'S CHANGE IT AND WE'LL
ALSO PUT THE IV IN YOUR WRIST
FLOW BECAUSE THAT WILL MAKE IT
QUICKER.
LET'S GIVE THE TREATMENT EVEN IF
WE'RE NOT A HUNDRED% CERTAIN
BECAUSE IT IS A LITTLE BIT MORE
CONFUSING AND WE'RE NOT AS WELL
TRAINED TO DIAGNOSE HEART
ATTACKS IN WOMEN.
AND WHEN THEY CAN THIS, THEY CUT
THE MORTAL RATE THEY HAD IN HALF
JUST BY THINKING ABOUT WHETHER
THERE MIGHT BE GENDER BIAS IN
THEIR TREATMENT PROTOCOLS.
COULD WE APPLY SEX AND GENDER
SCIENCE TO MEN'S HEALTH.
ABSOLUTELY.
IT'S TIME WE INTERVENED AND
UNDERSTOOD WHY MANY ARE
ACCOUNTED FOR 3 OUT OF 4 DEATHS
BY SUICIDE.
IS IT BIOLOGY?
IS IT HIGHER TESTOSTERONE LEADS
TO MORE RISK TAKING?
MOLECULAR SIGNATURE OF
DEPRESSION IS DIFFERENT IN MEN?
SORE IS IT GENDER, IS IT BECAUSE
OUR SOCIETY PLACES TOO MUCH
SIGNATURES STIGMA ON MEN FOR
SEEKING HEALTH OR HAVING MENTAL
HEALTH SYMPTOMS OR THIS CONCEPT
OF HEGEMONIC MASKUE LYNNITY
WHERE MEN HAVE TO BE TOUGH NO
MATTER WHAT.
HOW MUCH DOES THAT ACCOUNT FOR
COMPLETED SUICIDES BY MEN.
I THINK IT'S TIME WE APPLIED SEX
AND GENDER SCIENCE TO THIS
PROBLEM.
SAME WITH WOMEN'S HEALTH.
YOU MIGHT SAY, OH YEAH, WOMEN
GET HOT FLASHES,A ROUND
MENOPAUSE OR IF WE GIVE THEM
HORMONE THERAPY.
THAT'S EASY, JUST DUE TO LOWER
LEVELS OF HORMONES WE DON'T NEED
TO DO MORE RESEARCH THERE BUT IF
ALL POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAVE
LOWER ESTROGEN LEVELS WHAT
EXPLAIPS THE HETEROGAIN AITY IN
MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS, IS IT
ACTIVATION, RECEPTOR PHENOTYPES,
EPIGENETICS?
AGE OF MENOPAUSAL ONSET OR
SOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO
EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS OR OTHER
HORMONES OR AIR QUALITY AND I
THINK IT'S TIME THAT WE LOOK FOR
MECHANISMS USING SEX AND GENDER
SCIENCE IN SEX SPECIFIC
CONDITIONS BECAUSE IT'S MORE
THAN JUST SEX DIFFERENCES
RESEARCH.
>>A COLLEAGUE OF MINE,
INDIGENOUS COLLEAGUE SAYS, IT'S
LIKE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, WHY DO
YOU KEEP ON COMPARING POOR
OUTCOMES OF INDIG NOSPEOPLE TO
THE WHITE MAN?
DO YOU WANT ME TO BECOME THE
WHITE MAN?
SAME WITH WOMEN'S HEALTH AND CAN
YOU LOOK AT INTRA GROUP
VARIATION TO TRY TO EXPLAIN
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN
HEALTH OUTCOMES WITHIN A GROUP.
AND THIS IS WHAT
INTERSECTIONALITY IS ALL ABOUT
AND I KNOW YOU HAD A GREAT
SERIES ON IT LAST WEEK BUT JUST
TO SAY KIMBERLY CRENSHAW WE NEED
TO MOVE FORWARD ENTERSECTION
ANALYSIS WHERE IT'S NOT JUST
STIGMA THAT WOMEN ARE EXPOSED TO
BUT ALONG WITH INTERSECTING
CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS
DISCRIMINATION FACED BY BLACK
PEOPLE THAT LEADS TO AN
INTERSECTIONAL LENS AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF COMBINING THEM AND
COMING UP WITH NEW TOOLS AND
METHODS.
SO I WILL CONCLUDE BY SAYING,
WE'RE LOOKING AT A PARADIGM
SHIFT WHERE WE NEED TO MOVE FROM
A REDUCTIONIST MODEL OF SCIENCE
TO A COMPLEXITY MODEL OF
SCIENCE, AND YOU CAN HELP.
YOU NEED TO BELIEVE IT'S
POSSIBLE, A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK
THAT ONCE RESEARCH CULTURE IS
ESTABLISHED, TELL BE IMPOSSIBLE
TOW CHARGE IT, BUT I GUARANTEE
YOU IT'S NOT GOING TO TAKE 300
YEARS, IT MAY TAKE 10 YEARS,
OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS WE DID
MOVE THE NEEDLE, HERE HAVE YOU
THE PROPORTION OF APPLICANTS TO
THE YAND KAN--KANA HEALTH
RESEARCH FUNDING AGENCY WHERE
ONLY 20% OF THEM ON THE LEFT
WERE ACCOUNTING FOR SEX OR
GENDER.
BUT, YOU KNOW, A FEW YEARS AGO
WE GOT IT UP TO ALMOST 80% AND
WHEN YOU ADD THE 80% WITH THE
20%, IT'S ALMOST A HUNDRED% OF
OUR RESEARCHERS IN CANADA WHO
ARE ACCOUNTING FOR THIS.
HOW DID WE GET THERE?
WELL TRAINING HELPED.
AND JANINE SHOWED YOU ALL THE
AVAILABLE TRAINING RESOURCES
THROUGH ORWH--SORRY JANINE,
THESE ARE THE MODELS IN CABBEDDA
BUT IF YOU REALLY WANT TO KNOW
WHAT I THINK CHANGED, IT WAS THE
TOOLS FOR THE EVALUATORS FOR THE
PEER REVIEWERS.
WE WENT TO EVERY STUDY SECTION
AND GAVE PERSONALIZED TRAINING
OVER TOPIC AND WE CREATED A
VIDEO AS CAN YOU SEE IN 2018 HAD
OVER 18,000 VIEWS AND WE
ACTUALLY MADE A CHECK LIST AND
WE--WE REQUIRED OUR VIEWERS TO
CHECK OFF WHETHER THE
INTEGRATION OF SEX ASK GENDER IS
A STRENGTH, A WEAKNESS OR NOT
APPLICABLE.
AND I THINK IT'S THIS, WHICH IS
REALLY MOVED THE BAR.
AND IN FACT, ON OUR LATEST
ANALYSIS WE EVALUATE THE ODDS OF
GETTING SUCCESSFULLY FUNDED IF
YOU DO 3 OUT OF 3 EVALUATORS
SAID THAT THE INTEGRATION OF SEX
WAS STRAINED OR THE INTEGRATION
OF GENDER WAS STRAINED AND THE
ESSENTIALLY THE BOTTOM LINE IS
THAT YOU'RE TWICE AS LIKELY TO
GET FUNDED NOW IN CANADA AT
LEAST IF YOU GIVE PROPER
ATTENTION TO THE IMPOSSIBLE TO
BUILDIGRATION OF SEX AND GENDER
IN YOUR RESEARCH.
SO IT IS POSSIBLE, MY ADVICE TO
YOU IS TO FOCUS ON THE WHY AND
THE HOW.
WE'VE CREATED A MEET THE METHOD
SERIES SO REALLY DELVING DEEP
INTO THE METHODS.
HOW MIGHT YOU TEST THE SEX
HORMONES ROLE IN YOU ARE DOING
BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH.
IF YOU ARE DOING HUMAN RESEARCH,
WHAT ARE QUESTIONS TO GUIDE YOUR
INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSIS.
HOW MIGHT WE USE OUR SPACE
METHODS FOR EXPECTATIONS
LEMINATING SEX AND GENDER BASED
RESEARCH.
TONS OF GUIDE LINES ARE COMING
OUT NOW AND I INVITE TO YOU
FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF AND
INTRODUCE THESE IN YOUR COURSES
OR TO YOUR GRAD STUDENTS AND
EVEN IN YOUR OWN RESEARCH, WILL
THERE BE CHALLENGES?
OF COURSE, AS YOU SPEAK TO THOSE
AROUND YOU, THEY'RE NOT ALL
GOING TO BE READY FOR CHANGE.
THEY'RE STILL GOING TO WANT TO
THINK THAT THE WORLD IS FLAT.
THERE WILL BE RESISTANCE.
PEOPLE WILL ASK WHAT'S WRONG
WITH THE WAVE I'VE ALWAYS DONE
SCIENCE BUT AS YOU MOVE THROUGH
THEIR DIFFERENT READINESS FOR
CHANGE, I INVITE YOU TO PUSH THE
BOUNDARIES AND REALLY CHALLENGE
THEM.
I WOULD ALSO INVITE TO YOU
REFLECT THAT ALTHOUGH YOUR JOOB
IS TO GROW THE SCIENCE THE
BIGGEST BANG FOR BUCK WILL BE
AROUND BEST PRACTICES.
AND THIS MIGHT BE TOUGH BECAUSE
SCIENCE IS ALWAYS ERKSZ VOLVING.
SHOULD YOU TELL THEM THIS IS THE
BEST WAY TO MEASURE GENDER ON
THE 1 HAND, EVERYONE WANTS A
COMMON LANGUAGE OR INDICATOR BUT
ON THE OTHER HAND, NOT ALL
STUDIES NEEDED GENDER MEASURE
AND STATIC MEASUREMENTS WILL GET
OUTDATED.
AN EXAMPLE IS THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] SEXUAL INVENTORY
CREATED IN 1984.
LOTS OF RESEARCH HAS BEEN DONE
WITH THIS BUT NOW IT'S
CONSIDERED OUTDATED BECAUSE IT
PROP GATES STEREOTYPES AND WE
CAN LOOK FOR CHANGE IF WE REPEAT
IT AND SEE IF THINGS HAVE
CHANGED.
SAME WITH HOW YOU MEASURED
GENDER IDENTITY, THIS IS THE 2
STEP QUESTION WE'RE NOW
PROPOSING IN CANADA, BUT IT VERY
WELL MAY CHANGE AS THE SCIENCE
EVOLVES.
AND FINALLY, HOW DO YOU USE THE
KNOWLEDGE THAT YOU CREATED AND
APPLY IT TO IMPROVE EVIDENCE
BASED DECISION MAKING.
EVERYONE HAS A ROLE TO PLAY
WHETHER YOU'RE A TRAINEE,
RESEARCHER, FUNDER, PUBLISHER,
WORK IN THE UNIVERSITY, WHETHER
SOME IN YOUR FAMILY IS DOING
RESEARCH OR EXPERIENCING THE
IMPLICATIONS OF SEX AND GENDER
IN THEIR LIVES.
PUBLISHERS WHEN WE CHANGE THE
NORM AND THAT SHIFTS WHEN YOU
ASK QUESTIONS.
SO HERE'S WHEY WILL TASK YOU
WITH.
IF YOU'RE A STUDENT PAY
ATTENTION IF SEX AND GENDER ARE
NOT MENTIONED IN YOUR LECT IRBS,
ASSIGNMENTS OR CLINICAL CASES.
IF YOU'RE A RESEARCHER CALL OUT
YOUR PEERS DURING RESEARCH
PRESENTATIONS OR IF THE CORRECT
TERMINOLOGY IS NOT USED.
IF YOU'RE A TEACHER, MAKE SURE
THAT SEX AND GENDER ARE EMBEDDED
IN YOUR COURSE CURRICULUM ON
HEALTH.
IF YOU'RE A CLINICIAN OR FAMILY
MEMBER, PAY ATTENTION TO
INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE DURING
CLINICAL CARE AND THINK ABOUT
HOW TO MITIGATE GENDER BIAS.
IF YOU REVIEW, THEN HOLD THE
INVESTIGATORS OR AUTHORS
ACCOUNTABLE FOR APPROPRIATELY
CONSIDERING SEX AND GENDER,
QUESTION THE USE OF GENDER AND
BIAS INFORMATION IN IF YOU DATA
SETS, ASK QUESTIONS NO MATTER
WHERE YOU ARE AND MAYBE IN YOUR
SCORE GROUP START A WORKING
GROUP FOR NEW SEX AND METHODS IN
GENDER SCIENCE.
BE THE CHANGE YOU WANT TO SEE,
PUSH THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHAIRNL
THE WORLD.
THE END.
>>THAIRK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM,
YOU OF COURSE DID NOT
DISAPPOINT.
I WILL TOSS THE MIC OVER TO
DR. AGARWALL TO MODERATE.
>>THAIRNG YOU DR. CLAYTON AND
THANK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM, YOU
HAVE GIVEN SO MANY THEORIES
WHICH WE HAVE ALL BELIEVED IN
NOW WE HAVE AS DR. CLAYTON SAYS,
TIME FOR QUESTIONS.
SO FIRST QUESTION WHILE PEOPLE
ARE GATHERING THEIR TALKS, I
HAVE IN MY MIEBD AT THE NIH WE
SOMETIME VS PEER REVIEWERS WHO
ARE NOT FULLY ON BOARD WITH THE
SABV POLICY.
HOW DO YOU CANDLE THAT IN
CANADA?
>>WELL NOT ETCH'S GOING TO BE
ON BOARD RIGHT A WA. WE HANDLE
THAD BY WORKING WITH, I DON'T
KNOW WHAT YOU CALL IT AT THE NIH
BUT IT'S OUR CHAIRS, THE CHAIRS,
I GUESS IF YOU ARE A STUDY
SECTION AND WE HAVE MET WITH
THEM EVERY YEAR TO FIND OUT WHAT
SOME OF THE CHALLENGES ARE, WE
ACTUAL 3 SHARE THE RECENT
LITERATURE, WE HAVE ROLE MODELED
WHAT CONSTITUTES STRONG
INTEGRATION OF SEX AND GENDER
AND WHAT CONSTITUTES WEAK
INTEGRATION IN THEIR FIELD SO
FOR INSTANCE WE HAVE PUT UP
SLIDES AND SAID, IF AN APPLICANT
WRITES, I WILL INCLUDE MALES AND
FEMALES IN MY STUDY, WE SAY IS
THAT STRONG OR WEAK, IN FACT
THAT'S WEAK.
WHAT IT SHOULD REALLY SAY IS I
HAVE DONE A LITERATURE REVIEW
AND I FOUND THAT THE GLYCANS ON
THE ANTIBODIES ARE ACTUALLY
DIFFERENT BETWEEN MALES AND
FEMALES, SO, IN MY STUDIES I AM
IN A SPECIFICALLY GOING TO LOOK
AT THIS, I'M GOING TO MAKE SURE
THAT I INCLUDE EQUAL MEMBERS, I
WILL POWER MY STUDY,
DISAGGREGATE THE RESULTS AND I
WILL DO A DEEP DIVE INTO
MECHANISM, THAT'S OKAY AND IF MY
STUDY INVOLVES HUMANS THEN HERE
IS HOW I WILL ADDRESS GENDER.
I AM GOING TO LOCK AT BOTH
GENDER IDENTITY AND GENDER
ROLES, HERE ARE THE
QUESTIONNAIRES I WILL USE SO BY
ROLE MODELING WHAT YOU THOUGHT
WAS OKAY, IS REALLY NOT OKAY, I
THINK WE'RE CHARGING THE
CONVERSATIONS AND THEN WE HAVE
THE STUDY SECTION CHAIRS, I
THINK YOU CALL THEM EXPLAIN THIS
TO THE FOLKS ON THE--ON THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND IT'S NOW
MANDATORY FOR EVERYONE TO TAKE
THE TRAINING MODULES.
SO I THINK THAT THAT REALLY HAS
CHEANCHED THE CONVERSATIONS AND
BY CHANGING THE CONVERSATIONS,
YOU WON'T ALWAYS GET EVERYONE
BUT SOON THEY WILL START TO BE
EMBARRASSED THAT THEY CAN'T
ANSWER WITH SEX OR GENDER
APPROPRIATELY INTEGRATED AND EGO
OR FEAR, THAT'S WHAT DRIVES
RESEARCHERS, RIGHT?
>>YEAH, THANK YOU SINCE YOU
TALKED ABOUT TRAINING SO MY NEXT
QUESTION IS, YOU MENTIONED A
NUMBER OF ACTIONS OF
PARTICIPANTS CAN TAKE TO PROMOTE
SEX ASK GENDER SCIENCE, CAN YOU
EXPAND ON THE ROLE OF TRAINEES
IN THINKING ABOUT THE CULTURE
CHANGE?
>>WELL, I TITLED THIS TALK NEXT
GENERATION BECAUSE I REALLY DO
THINK THAT TRAINEES HOLD THE
POWER EVEN WHEN I THINK OF
CREDITTATION, A LOT OF
UNIVERSITIES HAVE STARTED
INTEGRATING GENDER INTO THEIR
COURSES, I THINK TRAINEES SHOULD
BE ASKING THEIR SUPERVISORS, YOU
KNOW SHOULDN'T WE HAVE THE SAME,
YOU KNOW EQUAL MEMBERS OF MALES
AND FEMALES BUT WHAT'S THE
MECHANISM HERE, IN CANADA WE
STARTED A TRAINEE NETWORK, WE
CALL IT THE INSTITUTE OF GENDER
AND HELT TRAINEE NETD WORK, WE
HAVE 23 CHAPTERS ACROSS
DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES IN
CANADA, BUT IT WOULD BE SUPER
COAL IF THE SCORE INVESTIGATORS
DEVELOPED A TRAINEE NETWORK,
MAYBE HAVE YOU THAT GOES ACROSS
DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES, DRNT
TALKS, BUT WE DON'T JUST HOLD
THE TRAINEES, THEY TRY TO THEN
GIVE TALKS AT OTHER NETWORKS IN
THE UNIVERSITIES SO DON'T JUST
COME TO US BUT TRY TO INFILL
STRAIGHT ELSEWHERE AND IT WAS
THE TRAINEES WHO ACTUALLY PUSHED
US TO DO THE MEET THE METHODS
SERIES.
THEY SAID, YEAH OF COURSE YOU
SHOULD BE TAKING SEX ASK GENDER
INTO,A COUNT, SOME OF THEM SAY
WHY DOES SEX MATTER, ONLY GENDER
IS IMPORTANT BUT THAT'S A WHOLE
OTHER TALK HERE.
BUT THEY REALLY WANT TO KNOW THE
HOW AND THE WHY SO I THINK THAT
THEY REALLY SHAPED OUR APPROACH
TO THIS AND I HAVE GREAT RESPECT
FOR OUR GENERATION OF TRAINEES.
>>WONDERFUL.
SO ANY FINAL ADVISE YOU HAVE FOR
ALL THE PARTICIPANTS TODAY?
>>PUSH.
YOU KNOW, KEEP ON PUSHING.
WE'RE MOVING TOWARD AS A SHIFT
IN SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM AND WHILE
I KNOW MANY OF US WANT TO FOCUS
ON OUR OWN RESEARCH AND WIN THE
NEXT FOCUSED ONBLE PRIZE, I
WOULD SAY THAT YOUR LEGACY MAY
BE EVEN MORE LONG LASTING AND
IMPACTFUL IF YOU BRENG YOUR
COLLEAGUES AROUND WITH YOU, THE
NONBELIEVERS, THE FLAT EARTHERS,
BRING THEM WITH YOU, TASK
YOURSELF WITH CONVERTING 10
PEOPLE A MONTH, THE IMPORTANCE
OF INCORPORATING SEX AND GENDER
SCIENCE.
AND I THINK YOU WILL BE PROUD
ABOUT THAT CHANGE.
SO THANK YOU AND CONGRATULATIONS
FOR ALL THE WORK YOU'RE DOING.
JANINE IT WAS THE HONOR AND
PRIVILEGE PRESENTING TODAY AND I
WISH YOU A GOOD DAY.
>>THANK YOU DR. TANNENBAUM, ON
BEHALF OF ORWH, I THAIRNG YOU
FOR AN IMPORTANT AND RELEVANT
TALK FOR SEX AND GENETIC
RESEARCH, I WOULD LAKE TO OFF
HEART FELT THAIRNG FIST ARE
JOINING THE PRESENTATION AND NOW
THAT CONCLUDES THE KEY NOTE
SESSION.
THANK YOU AGAIN, EVERYONE.
THANK YOU.