>>WELCOME
DR SARAH TEMKIN
CLINICAL RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S
HEALTH.
I WILL BEGIN WITH THE FEW
LOGISTICS FOR TODAY.
WE HAVE ATTENDEES JOINING US
TODAY VIA NIH VIDEOCAST AS WELL
AS THE VIRTUAL MEETING
ENVIRONMENT.
THOSE OF YOU WATCHING ON VIDEO
CAST, CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS USING
THE LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON AND
THOSE OF YOU IN THE VIRTUAL
MEETING ENVIRONMENT, CAN USE THE
Q&A FEATURE.
IT'S NOW MY PLEASURE TO
INTRODUCE OUR FIRST SPEAKER,
Dr. JEANNINE AUSTIN CLAYTON,
THE NIH ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR
RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH AND
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH.
BEFORE JOINING ORWH, Dr.
CLAYTON WAS THE DEPUTY CLINICAL
DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL EYE
INSTITUTE.
DURING HER TENURE, SHE HAS
STRENGTHENED NIH SUPPORT FOR
RESEARCH ON DISEASES, DISORDERS,
AND CONDITIONS THAT EFFECT WOMEN
AND INDIVIDUALS ASSIGNED FEMALE
AT BIRTH.
Dr. CLAYTON'S BIOGRAPHY CAN BE
FOUND ON THE EVENT PAGE AND WILL
BE POSTED IN THE CHAT.
PLEASE JOIN ME AND WELCOMING
Dr. JEANNINE CLAYTON.
>> HELLO, EVERYONE.
IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE TODAY I'M
GOING TO SHARE A COUPLE OF
THOUGHTS BEFORE WE GET STARTED.
WE HAVE A FANTASTIC LINEUP FOR
YOU.
THANK YOU FOR THAT KIND
INTRODUCTION.
THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON
WOMEN'S HEALTH OR ORWH WAS
FOUNDED, BASICALLY BECAUSE WOMEN
WERE NOT BEING INCLUDED IN NIH
SUPPORTED CLINICAL RESEARCH AND
OUR MISSION IS TO EXPAND WOMEN'S
HEALTH RESEARCH AND MAKE SURE
THEY'RE INCLUDED AND TO ADVANCE
WOMEN AND SCIENCE CAREERS SO WE
CAN GET CLOSER TO THE NIH VISION
FOR THE HEALTH OF WOMEN, A WORLD
WHERE SEX AND GENDER ARE
INTEGRATED ACROSS THE HEALTH
RESEARCH CONTINUUM EVERY WOMAN
RECEIVES EVIDENCE BASED
PREVENTION, DIAGNOSTIC
TREATMENTS AND CARE AND GOALS
AND NEEDS AND A WORLD WHERE ALL
WOMEN IN SCIENCE REACH IS THERE
FULL POTENTIAL.
SO TO THAT END, WE'RE DELIGHTED
TO BE HERE TODAY FOR THE FIRST
EVER NIH WORKSHOP FOCUSED ON
MULTIPLE DEMAINS OF GENDER AND
RESULTING HEALTH CONSEQUENCES.
FOCUS ON GENDER AND ALONG WITH
OUR INSTITUTE CENTRE AND OFFICE
PARTNERS, WE VOW THIS WORKSHOP
AS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN BUILDING
MOMENTUM, SUPPORT, AND CAPACITY
FOR THE INCORPORATION OF GENDER,
AS A SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL
VARIABLE ACROSS THE NIH RESEARCH
AGENDA.
ORWH WELCOMES OPPORTUNITIES TO
PARTNER WITH OUR NIH COLLEAGUES
AND THE EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY TO
ADVANCE HEALTH RELATED RESEARCH
THAT CREDIT CREDITS CONSIDER GENDER ROLES,
NORMS AND POWER RELATION AND
INEQUALITIES.
AND THE MULTI DIMENSIONAL WORK
WE HAVE BEEN USING BEFORE THE
NIH WIDE STRATEGIC PLAN, FOR
WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH IS THE
IMPORTANCE OF BOTH INTERNAL
FACTORS SUCH AS BIOLOGY AND SEX
AND EXTERNAL FACTORS, OF COURSE,
INCLUDING GENDER IN THE CONTEXT.
IN THE LIFESPAN IN TERMS OF HOW
THESE INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER
AND THEY HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS
AND CONSEQUENCES OVER A WOMAN'S
LIFE COURSE.
SO THAT IS A FRAMEWORK THAT WE
HAVE BEEN USING FOR SOME TIME
AND BUILDING UPON OVER TIME.
OF COURSE, NOW GENDER IS A
SOCIAL AND CULTURE VARIABLE THAT
ENCOMPASSs SEVERAL DOMAINS
WHICH INFLUENCES HEALTH.
GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION,
GENERAL RULES AND NORMS, GENDER
RELATIONS, STRUCTURAL SEXISM,
POWER AND EQUALITY INEQUITY AND
GENDER SOCIALIZATION, FOR
EXAMPLE, AND NORMS OF
MASCULINITY CAN AFFECT BOY AND
MEN'S HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIORS,
STRUCTURAL GENDER INEQUALITIES
CAN LIMIT GIRL AND WOMEN'S
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICE AND
CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH INEQUITIES.
OTHER SOCIAL VARIABLES,
INCLUDING RAISE, ETHNICITY,
SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS AND EVEN
STATE AND FEDERAL POLICIES MAY
ADDITIONALLY INTERACT WITH
GENDER TO INFLUENCE HEALTH,
HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF A
INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO
HEALTH RESEARCH.
>> THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF GENDER
HAVE BEEN WIDELY DOCUMENTS
LATELY, WHETHER YOU ARE LOOKING
AT THE JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH
OR A VARIETY OF OTHER SUB LA PUB KA LAYING S PUBLICATION.
WE'RE DELIGHTED TO SEE THAT.
AND ONE EXAMPLE IS A RECENT
STUDY THAT REPORTED FROM THE
NURSES HEALTH STUDY, THAT LOOKED
AT OVER 30,000 WOMEN AND
FOLLOWED THEM OVER TIME.
THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT OVER THE
SEVEN-YEAR PERIOD, ABOUT 23% OF
THOSE WOMEN FOLLOWED EXPERIENCE
SEXUAL ASSAULT AND ABOUT 24%
EXPERIENCED WORK-PLACE SEXUAL
HARASSMENT AND 6% EXPERIENCED
BOTH.
OVER THAT PERIOD OF TIME, 21% OF
THE WOMEN SUPPORTED DEVELOPING
HYPERTENSION OVER THE FOLLOW-UP
PER IDEA AND THE WOMEN WHO
EXPERIENCED BOTH SEXUAL ASSAULTS
AND WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT
HAD THE HIGHEST RISK.
THIS IS ONE EXAMPLE OF WAYS THAT
GENDER CAN HAVE DIRECT IMPACTS
ON HEALTH.
ONE OF THE STEPS THAT ORWH HAS
TAKEN HAS BEEN TO CREATE A
YOUTH-FREE FRAMEWORK BRINGING
WOMEN OF UNDER STUDIED, UNDER
REPRESENTED AND UNDER REPORTED
POPULATIONS INTO FOCUS WITH SO
FAR ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS
TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES OF
CONCERNS.
THAT EXPLORES THE WAYS IN WHICH
SOCIALLY DETERMINED CATEGORIES
LIKE GENDER, CREATE DIFFERENT
OUTCOMES FOR INDIVIDUALS AND
COMMUNITIES.
SO YOU CAN CHECK OUT INFORMATION
ON OUR RECENTLY UPDATED YOUTH
WEBSITE AND A END A U3 HEALTH
WOMEN HAVE HE'S AND THE
INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE THERE.
WE'RE SO EXCITED TO SHARE WITH
YOU THE NEWS OF OUR FIRST EVER
R25 CALLED GALVANIZING HEALTH
EQUITY THROUGH NOVEL, DIVERSE
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OR GENDER.
THIS R25 HELPS MEET THE NEED FOR
SPENDER-SPECIFIC TRAINING,
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE AND ALLIED
HEALTH PROFESSION SUPPORTS
COURSES, CURRICULA AND METHODS
FOR THE EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY.
OUR FIRST APPLICATION DUE DATE
IS TOMORROW AND WE HAVE ONE IN
JUNE AND WE WANT TO THANK ALL OF
OUR INSTITUTES THAT ARE IN
OFFICE PARTNERS FOR WORKING
TOGETHER WITH US ON THIS
IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY.
WE REVIEWED NIH ONLY SEX AND
GENDER RO1 FOCUS ON HEALTH AND
DISEASE CONSEQUENCES WITH 11
INSTITUTES AND CENTRES WORKING
TO ACCEPT APPLICATIONS.
THIS ADDRESSES GOAL ONE OF THE
NIH WIDE STRATEGIC PLAN AND
TODAY WE HAVE FUNDED 17 GRANTS
THROUGH THIS PROGRAMME AND WITH
A VARIETY OF INSTITUTE AND
CENTRE OFFICE PARTNERS.
WE HAVE A WEB PAGE THAT
HIGHLIGHTS THE VARIETY OF
E-LEARNING COURSES ON SEX AND
GENDER RESEARCH WE HAVE PUT
FORWARD WITH OUR PARTNERS, WITH
SUPPORT FROM THE FDA, OFFICE OF
WOMEN'S HEALTH, SUPPORT FROM THE
NIH OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR,
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL
MEDICAL SCIENCES FOR SOME OF
THESE INCLUDING THE SABB PRIMMER
AS WELL AS A BENCH-TO BEDSIDE
COURSE TO IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH
AND THERE ARE SIX MODULES
AVAILABLE WITH CME CREDITS FOR
FREE.
SO CHECK THAT INFORMATION OUT
AND WE'LL RELAUNCH OU COURSE VERY
SOON.
I WANT TO THANK OUR CO-CHAIRS,
THEY ARE WORKED TIRELESS LOW TO
BRING TO YOU THE PROGRAM WE HAVE
TODAY AND I'M EXCITED TO HEAR
FROM ALL OF OUR SPEAKERS.
I WANT TO THANK THE WORKSHOP
PLANNING COMMITTEE AND THE
OFFICES EACH AND EVERY ONE OF
OUR WORKSHOP SPEAKERS ARE
PRESENTERS ARE MODERATORS ARE
POSTER PRESENTERS AND
IMPORTANTLY EVERYONE WHO ALSO
WORKED BEHIND THE SCENES TO PRO
THE WORKSHOP INCLUDING OUR
CONTRACTORS AND COMMUNICATIONS
STAFF SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
AWFUL YOUR SUPPORT TO BRING US
WHERE WE ARE TODAY.
AND WITH THAT, I WILL TURN IT
BACK OVER TO Dr. BAR, WAYS TO
LEARN MORE BENT IN THE FUTURE.
>> THANK YOU, Dr. CLAYTON AND
I WILL NOW PASS THE VIRTUAL
STAGE TO Dr. RONNA POPKIN FROM
NICHD.
>> HELLO, EVERYONE, AND WELCOME.
THANK YOU Dr. CLAYTON, I WOULD
LIKE TO THANK EVERYONE WHO HAS
BEEN INVOLVED FROM BEGINNING TO
END WITH ENABLING US TO BE HERE
TODAY WITH YOU FOR THIS WORKSHOP
AND TO THANK ALL OF YOU FOR
BEING HERE.
AND ATTENDING.
AND I ALSO WANT TO GIVE A THANKS
TO MY TWO CO-CHAIRS, ELIZABETH
BAR AND SARAH TEMKIN.
SO I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY SHARE
WITH YOU TODAY SOME OF THE --
I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY SHARE WITH
YOU SOME DATA ON THE SIZE AND
SCOPE OF THE RECENT NIH
PORTFOLIO OF GRANTS SUPPORTING
RESEARCH ON GENDER AND HEALTH.
BECAUSE THAT IS ONE OF THE WAYS
THAT WE IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NEEDS
FOR SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOPS.
SO THIS WILL HELP YOU ALL SEE
HOW WE ARRIVED AT AN
UNDERSTANDING OF A NEED FOR A
WORKSHOP LIKE THIS AND THEN I
WILL REVIEW SOME OF OUR
OBJECTIVES FOR YOU TODAY.
SO, ON THIS SLIDE HERE, YOU CAN
SEE THAT A PIE CHART OF THE
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
NIH COMPETING GRANT AWARDS BY
INSTITUTE AND CENTER, FOR FISCAL
YEARS 2017-2022.
AND WE FOCUS ON COMPETING AWARDS
WHICH ARE THE INITIAL YEAR OF A
GRANT THAT HAD TO COMPETE IN THE
PEER REVIEW PROCESS BECAUSE THAT
ROUGHLY CAPTURES THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN AN AREA OF
SCIENCE.
AND I'M FIRST SHOWING YOU A PIE
CHART OF ALL OF THE AWARDS THAT
NIH HAS ISSUED ACROSS THOSE SIX
FISCAL YEARS BECAUSE TO FULLY
UNDER THE SCOPE IT'S HELPFUL TO
SITUATE THAT IN THE CONTEXT OF
THE OVER ALL NIH GRANT
PORTFOLIO.
SO IN TOTAL, THE 27 NIH
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS ISSUED
125,000 COMPETING AWARDS ACROSS
THE SIX-YEAR PERIOD.
AND AS YOU CAN SEE, THE
INSTITUTES ARE DIFFERENT SIZES
WITH OUR TWO LARGEST, THE
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, AND
NCI AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF ALLERGY AND FEBRUARY ANXIOUS
DISEASES, NIAID, TOGETHER
ISSUING OVER A QUARTER OF ALL OF
OUR NIH COMPETING AWARDS.
SEVERAL MID SIZED INSTITUTES
HERE AND THE CENTER ISSUED
BETWEEN 5% AND 9% OF THE NIH
AWARDS, AND THEN WE HAVE MANY
SMALLER INSTITUTES AND CENTERS
THAT EACH ISSUED BETWEEN 1% AND
3% OF THE AWARDS.
NOW ON THIS SLIDE, YOU SEE THE
NUMBER OF COMPETING AWARDS, OVER
THAT SAME SIX-YEAR PERIOD THAT
WERE FOCUSED ON THE TOPICS.
WORKSHOP TODAY.
THE IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM, AND GENDER NORMS, POWER
DYNAMICS AND INEQUITIES ON
HEALTH.
OUT OF THOSE NEARLY 125,000
COMPETING AWARDS, 204 WERE
FOCUSED ON THESE GENDER AND
HEALTH TOPICS AND AS YOU CAN
SEE, THESE GENDER RELATED AWARDS
WERE CONCENTRATED IN A LIMITED
NUMBER OF INSTITUTES AND
CENTERS.
SO 16 OF OUR 27 INSTITUTES AND
CENTERS ISSUED AT LEAST ONE
COMPETING AWARD FOCUSED ON
GENDER AND HEALTH BETWEEN 2017
AND 2022, BUT ONLY SEVEN OF
THOSE 16 ISSUED 10 OVER THAT
SAME TIME PERIOD.
MOVING BEYOND THE NUMBERS, AND
LOOKING AT THE SUB TOPICS OF
GENDER RELATED NIH-SUPPORTED
RESEARCH.
A FEW THEMES JUMP OUT.
THIS IS A SCALED VISUALIZATION
OF THE MAIN TOPICS AND SUB
TOPICS WITHIN THOSE 204 GENDER
RELATE ADD WARDS AND YOU CAN SEE
THAT HIV PREVENTION AND MENTAL
HEALTH RESEARCH COMPRISE A LARGE
PORTION OF THE EXISTING NIH
GENDER AND HEALTH PORTFOLIO.
YOU CAN SEE A SIZABLE PORTION OF
THE PORTFOLIO HAS INVOLVED
GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND THERE
ARE OTHERS SMALLER CLUSTERS OF
GENDER FOCUSED PROJECTS ON A
RANGE OF TOPICS SUCH AS CANCER,
HEART DISEASE, ALZHEIMER'S,
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND VIOLENCE
AND ALL TOGETHER THE SNAPSHOT
SHARED THOSE THAT SCIENCE
FOCUSED ON GENERALLER AND HEALTH
ACCOUNTS FOR A SMALL SLIVER OF
THE OVER ALL NIH PORTFOLIO.
AND YET, AS WE LEARN MORE ABOUT
TODAY, GENDER IMPACTS HEALTH IN
MYRIAD WAYS AND ACROSS MYRIAD
ISSUES.
SO THAT IS WHERE THE WORKSHOP
TODAY COMES IN.
WE HAVE FIVE KEY OBJECTS HELPING
US UNDER THE CURRENT STATE OF
THE SCIENCE GENDER AND HEALTH
AND HELP US IDENTIFY WHERE WE GO
FROM HERE.
OUR GOALS TODAY ARE TO REVIEW
DEFINITIONS, AND CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORKS TO HELP BUILD A
SHARED VOCABULARY ACROSS
DISCIPLINES EXERCISE ISSUES FOR
STUDYING GENDER AND HEALTH AND
TO IDENTIFY, MODIFIABLE FACTORS
AND POINTS OF INTERVENTION TO
MITIGATE GENDER AND HEALTH
DISPARITIES, AND HIGHLIGHT
EXISTING INTERVENTIONED AND
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES THAT
TARGET THOSE DISPARITIES AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS.
AND THEN FINALLY, WE WANT TO
IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO FOSTER
COLLABORATIONS, AND HELP ADVERSE
RESEARCH ON GENDER AND HEALTH.
SO THANK YOU AGAIN FOR JOINING
US TODAY.
WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT WHAT WE CAN
ACCOMPLISH THROUGH YOUR
ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ARRAY OF
SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS AND
POSTERS BEING SHARED.
SO LET'S GET STARTED.
>> THANK YOU.
IT'S AN HONOR TO INTRODUCE OUR
FIRST PLENARY SPEAKER, Dr.
NANNY KREIGER.
SHE IS PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN
CANCER SOCIETY CLINICAL RESEARCH
PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF
SOCIAL AND BEHAV BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
AND DIRECTOR OF INTER
DISCIPLINARY CONCENTRATION ON
WOMEN GENDER AND HEALTH.
HER FULL BIO IS HAVE A ABL ARE AVAILABLE O N
THE SPEAKER BOOK AND THE NIH
PAGE.
I CAN BRIEFLY NOTE THAT Dr.
KRIEGER IS AN INTERNATIONAL
RECOGNIZED SOCIAL E EPIDEMIOLOGIST
WITH A BACKGROUND IN
BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE HISTORY OF
PUBLIC-HEALTH COMBINED WITH 35
YEARS OF ACTIVISM LINKING ISSUES
INVOLVING SOCIAL JUSTICE,
SCIENCE, AND HEALTH.
Dr. KRIEGER'S WORK ADDRESSES
THREE TOPICS, CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORKS TO UNDERSTAND,
ANALYZE AND IMPROVE PEOPLE'S
HEALTH, INCLUDING HER ECO SOCIAL
THEORY OF DISEASE DISTRIBUTION
WHICH IS FOCUSED ON EMBODIMENT
AND EQUITY.
SECOND, IDEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON
SOCIETAL DETERMINANTS OF
POPULATION HEALTH AND HEALTH
INEQUITIES INCLUDING STRUCTURAL
RACISM AND OTHER TYPES OF
ADVERSE DISCRIMINATION AND
THIRD, METH LOGICAL RESEARCH TO
IMPROVE MONITORING OF HEALTH
INEQUITIES.
Dr. KRIEGER HAS GRACIOUSLY
PROVIDED A LIST OF RECOMMENDED
READING TO ACCOMPANY HER
PRESENTATION TODAY, WHICH WILL
BE AVAILABLE ON THE ORWH WEBSITE
AND IN THE VIRTUAL PLATFORM
FOLLOWING THIS TALK.
AS A REMINDER, THOSE OF YOU
WATCHING ON VIDEO CAST CAN
SUBMIT QUESTIONS USING THE LIVE
FEEDBACK FORM AND THOSE OF YOU
IN THE VIRTUAL MEETING, ON
DEMOCRATIC RULE AND SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE HAVE COME TO THE FLOOR
ALL PROFOUNDLY INTERTWINED WITH
ISSUES OF HEALTH JUSTICE.
TOPICS I WILL BRIEF LOW ADDRESS
INCLUDE CRITICAL SCIENCE FOR
ANALYZING GENDER SEXES AND
EMBODIMENT AND BY EMPIRICAL
EXAMPLES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE AND WORK
TO ADVANCE HEALTH JUSTICE.
OF COURSE, NONE OF THESE ARE NEW
ISSUES WITH THESE TOPICS BEING
BUT ANOTHER ROUND IN A VERY LONG
LINE OF DEBATE.
SOME EXAMPLES SHARED IN THIS
SLIDE START WITH FIRST TO QUOTE
FROM THE VERSION OF TRUTH 1851
SPEECH RELEVANT TO ALL GENDER
IDENTITIES.
NEXT RUTH HUBBARD CONTRIBUTIONS
AS A BIOLOGIST, 35 PLUS YEARS
LATER, NAMING QUOTE-UNQUOTE
BIOLOGICAL WOMEN AS THE
CONVENIENT MYTH TO BE
COUNTEREDDED BY STUDY BIOLOGY.
NEXT 15 YEARS LATER THE CRITICAL
INTERVENTION OF SISTER SONG ON
THE 1994 STATEMENTED BY BLACK
FEMINIST FOR THE FRAMEWORK OF
REPRODUCT TUR JUSTICE FOR HOW
MANY AN RITZ AND ALL THEIR
DIMENSIONS AND LASTLY EXTENDING
THE DOUGH BAITDEBATES AND AS ILLUSTRATED B Y
QUOTES FROM RAEWYN CON HE WILL.
THERE'S AN UNDERLINE PERSPECTIVE
WHETHER IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT.
LET ME GROUND MY ARGUMENTS
AFFORDED BY THE ECO SOCIAL
THEORY OF DISEASE DISTRIBUTION I
PROPOSED IN 1994 AND FEATURES I
ELABORATED IN MY NEW BOOK.
THIS THEORY IS CENTRALLY FOCUSED
AS WE AS BEINGS LIKE ANY LIVING
CREATURE, DAILY INTEGRATE AND
EMBODY BIOLOGICALLY ARE
ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT PRODUCING
POPULATION PATTERNS OF HEALTH
AND HEALTH INEQUITIES.
CORE TO CONSIDER ARE LEVELS,
PATHWAYS AND POWER.
TIME IN RELATION TO LIFE COURSE
AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN
GENERATIONS, AND ALSO HOW
INEQUITIES SOCIAL RELATIONS AND
PARTICULAR INVOLVING RACISM,
CLASS, GENDER AND SEXUALITY ARE
CONNECTED AND JOINTLY EMBODY
THEIR BY SHAPING POPULATION
DISTRIBUTIONS OF HEALTH BY A
PATHWAYS INVOLVING BOTH
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND POLITICAL
ECOLOGY.
ECHO SOCIAL SER THESE FOURTH
CONSTRUCT, AGENCY AND
ACCOUNTABLE, REFERS TO WHO AT
WHAT IS RESPONSIBILITY FOR
HEALTH INEQUITIES AND THE
RESEARCH TO EXPLAIN POPULATION
HEALTH.
AT ISSUE IS WHO BENEFITS FROM
INJUSTICE AND RESEARCH WHICH
IGNORES INJUSTICE AND BY THE
OVERT SUPPRESSION LACK OF
FUNDING AND SELF-SENSE TO BE
SHIP THAT LIMITS RESEARCH ON
THESE ISSUES.
BEYOND THIS, EMBODIMENT MEANS
WE'RE NOT A MEMBER OF A
PARTICULAR RADIALIZED GROUP ONE
DIE AND HAVE A PARTICULAR GENDER
IDENTITY OR SEXUAL ORIENTATION
ON ANOTHER AND STILL ANOTHER DAY
OF A PARTICULAR SOCIAL CLASS OR
WEALTH AND INCOME AND
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL.
WE'RE ALL OF THESE AT ONCE AND
THE SAME HOLDS FOR OUR
NATIONALITY, IMMIGRATION STATUS,
PRIMARY LANGUAGE, DISABILITY
STATUS, ET CETERA.
AND ALSO, OF COURSE, THE PLACES
WHERE WE LIVE AND WORK.
THE NOTION THAT BIOLOGY IS
EXPRESSED IN IS HE SIGHTAL AND
ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT IS SHAPED BY
HISTORY IS CORE TO ANALYSIS OF
BIOLOGY DEVELOPMENT EVOLUTION
FOR ALL SPECIES AND WE'RE ALWAYS
SOCIAL BEINGS AND BIOLOGICAL
ORGANISMS AND INHABITING AND
BEING SHAPED BY AND SHAPING A
WORLD WHICH ENTWINED HISTORY OF
ECOLOGY AS SHOWN BY THIS FIGURE
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGIST AND AND A
MARGARIE GROWN O GREEN.
WITH CENTRAL TEE GREEN STATED,
PERSONS ARE HUMAN ORGANISMS BUT
PERSONALIZED.
THEY HAVE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE
BUT THEY'RE ANIMALS EXPERIENCING
ANIMALS YET SURELY IS EMBODIED
AS ANY OTHER ANIMALS AND THEY'RE
ALSO PHYSICAL SYSTEMS AS WELL.
BUT THEY ACHIEVE PERSONALIZATION
OF THEIR BODILY AND PHYSICAL
NATURE THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN
A CULTURE IN OTHER WORDS, TO BE
A PERSON IS ANNA ACHIEVEMENT OF
HUMAN ORGANISMS MEDIATED BY
PARTICIPATION AND CULTURE.
OR TO PULL IT ANOTHER WAY, A
DEVELOPED HUMAN BEING IS ONE OF
THE SAME TIME A PERSONALIZATION
OF NATURE AND AN EMBODIMENT OF
CULTURE.
GROUND ERINAL SIS BACK IN 2003,
I OFFERED THIS ARTICLE THAT
PARSED 12 EXAMPLES TO CONSIDER
SCENARIOS IN WHICH GENDER
RELATIONS AND OR SEX BY BIOLOGY
MATTER FOR THE EXPOSURE OUTCOME
UNDER ANALYSIS.
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SEX LINK
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL
EXPRESSIONS OF GENDER, IT
OFFERED EPIDEMIOLOGISTS AND
OTHERS A USEFUL WAY TO CONSIDER
THE VARIABLES NECESSARY TO
CONDUCT RIGOROUS SCIENCE.
IN THE NEARLY TWO DECADES SINCE,
THERE'S BEEN A FLOURISHING OF
WORK INCLUDING BY PEOPLE PRESENT
TODAY AT THIS WORKSHOP, FLUSHING
OUT AS IT WERE, WHAT IT MEANS TO
UNDERSTAND, LIVE AND ANALYZE THE
JOINT REALITIES OF GENDER, SEXES
AND SEXUALITY AS SOCIALLY
PRODUCED RELATIONAL CATEGORY.
THEY REVOLVE WHAT THEY REFERRED
TO AS QUOTE ECONOMIC AND
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND
BEHAVIOR END QUOTE AND ANY SUCH
CAR GORE GAYS INCLUDING THOSE
CATEGORIES AND IT'S HELP TO
REMIND THAT BIOLOGICAL
REPRODUCTION IS REAL AND IT'S
HELPFUL TO BE EXPLICIT WHY
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EXIST AND
MIXING DNA IS A DEFENSE AGAINST
EVOLVING MICROBES AND DESPITE
SUCH REPRODUCTION BEING MORE
COMPLICATED, WHICH IS LIKELY THE
MOST COMMON FORM OF REPRODUCTION
ON THIS PLANET GIVING THE
OVERWHELMING PREDOMINANCE OF
SAID MICROBES.
THE FACT THAT SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IS REAL AND IT'S
MET BY PEOPLE REFERRED TO WITH A
SHORT HAND WORT SEX DOES NOT
MEAN THAT ALL HUMAN SIGNIFICANT HUMAN THIN KING
ABOUT SEX BIOLOGY IS REAL AND
PEOPLE IN DIVERSE SOCIETY AND
DIVERSE TIMES HAVE COME UP WITH
ALL SORTS OF WAYS OF
CONSTRUCTING CATEGORIZING AND
REGULATING EXPRESSION WITHIN AND
ACROSS GENERATIONS.
THESE LIVED CATEGORIES ARE THE
SIMULTANEOUSLY STRUCTURAL AND
ENFORCED BY GOVERNANCE AND NORMS
AND EMBODY DYNAMICALLY As
CROSS THE LIFE COURSE.
AND A CRITICAL AND CORE TENSION
DEEPLY BUILT INTO THOSE LIVED
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS PERTAINS TO
THE CONTROL OF BOTH BOY LOGICAL
AND SOCIAL INHERITANCE AS
EXPRESSIONED BY-LAWS AND
SEXUALITY AND ABORTION AND
ENSLAVEMENT, ET CETERA.
LURKING HYPED THE POWER ARE THE
REAL EXISTENCE OF SOCIAL
INCLUDING SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS
AND SOCIETAL STRUCTURING OF
INHERITANCE OF KIN AND PROPERTY
WITHIN AND ACROSS GENERATIONS.
ONE IMPLICATION OF THIS WAY OF
THINKING IS TO RECOGNIZE THAT
ALL CATEGORIES PERTAINING TO
GENDER SEX AND ARE INTRINSICALLY
RELATIONAL TO EACH AND
THEMSELVES.
WE LIVE THEM INTERTWINED WITH
EACH OTHER AND RELATIONSHIPS
INCLUDING SOCIAL CLASS, RACISM,
ET CETERA AND BY RELATIONAL I
MEAN THEY'RE CO DE FIND.
THERE'S NO QUOTE-UNQUOTE FEMALE
WITHOUT MALE AND NO NON BINARY
WITHOUT BINARY NO CISGENDER
WITHOUT TRANSGENDER NO
HETEROSEXUAL LGBTQ ET CETERA.
WITH MORE KNOWLEDGE SOCIALLY
INTERESTED AND REPROD ACROSS
GENERATIONS AND ENFORCED BY
GOVERNANCE AND NORMS AND THIS
MEANS CHANGE IS POSSIBLE.
THE SECOND IMPLICATION IS THE
NONI WE HAVE LENT O --THEY'RE REALITIES ST EMMING FROM
THE REALITIES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION WHERE RACE IS A
WHOLLY MADE UP SOCIAL CATEGORY
BORN OF RACISM AND ENSLAVEMENT
AND BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM AND
THOSE SEXISM AND RACISM HAVE
SIMILARITIES THE IDEOLOGIES AND
BOTH ARE ENTANGLED OVER CONTROL
OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
INHERITANCE, PARTICULARLY
PROPERTY, THEY DIFFER IN THEIR
LIVED EXPRESSION AND SOME VERY
KEY WAYS.
ONE SUCH KEY WAY CONCERNS THE
SPACIAL AND SOCIAL SEGREGATION,
TIED TO SEXISM, RACISM AND CLASS
AND UNITS THE REPRODUCTION AND
UNJUST TREATMENT BY GENDER.
ALL WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR
POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF
HEALTH AND HEALTH INEQUITIES.
FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLDS AND
NEIGHBORHOODS ARE NOT SEGREGATED
BY GENDER, THEY SOMETIMES CAN
BE, BUT ARE SEGREGATED BY CLASS
AND CLASS DIVIDED BY SOCIETY AND
RADIALIZED GROUPS AND RACIST
SOCIETIES.
BY CONTRAST, CONTEMPORARY
EDUCATIONAL WORKPLACE ROW LIGE
US SPORTS MILITARY AND
INSTITUTIONS THERE MAY BE BOTH
LEGAL AS WELL AS DEFACTOR
SEGREGATION BY GENDER ALONG WITH
DEFACTO BY CLASS AND RADIALIZED
GROUPS.
A DIFFERENTLY, UNJUST TREATMENT
WITHIN FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS
AND PUBLIC SETTINGS INCLUDING
NEIGHBORHOODS AND WITHIN
INSTITUTIONS, CAN AND TYPICALLY
DOES VARY BY SOCIETAL CONTEXT
AND SOCIAL GROUP MEMBERSHIPS.
A THIRD IMPLICATION FOR GENDER
TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE IS TO THE
IMPERATIVE TO LEAD WITH FRONT
FOOT NOT BACK FOOT ARGUMENTS.
HOW GENDER INJUSTICE HARMS
HEALTH AND WAYS THAT MAY OR MAY
NOT INTERACT WITH SEX LINK
BIOLOGY.
IT'S TIME, PAST TIME TO STOP
LEADING WITH BACK FOOT ARGUMENTS
THAT BEGIN BY TRYING TO REFUTE
ESSENTIALIST CLAIMS BY
QUOTE-UNQUOTE SEX DIFFERENCES.
THE KEY POINT TO THAT FIRST,
WHAT GETS EXPRESSED IS EMBODY
BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPES WILL
ALWAYS DEPEND ON CONTEXT AND THE
CAPACITY TO THRIVE HAS A
SEXUALLY REPRODUCING SPECIES
DEPENDS ON MUCH MORE THAN SEX
LINK BIOLOGY.
ANY ANALYSIS OF GENDER AND
POPULATION HEALTH AND HEALTH
INEQUITIES MUST RECOGNIZING
MEASURE HOW GENDER STRUCTURES
AND EXPERIENCES BECOME EMBODIED
AND SHAPE POPULATION
DISTRIBUTIONS OF HEALTH WITHIN
AND ACROSS HE SOCIETAL GROUPS.
OF COURSE, PEOPLE NOT ONLY
EMBODY BUT CAN CHANGE THEIR
CULTURE AND THEIR SOCIETIES MORE
BROADLY.
CONSIDER THE CASES OF ABOLITION
OF SLAVELY AND FRANCHISE MANY OF
WOMEN, SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND
NATIONAL LAWS STILL PROHIBITING
SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS.
THIS STANCE WHICH PROJECTS
DETERMINISM AND EMBRACED THE
CONTINGENCY CHALLENGES THE HAVE
YOU EXPRESSED THE DESIGNED IN
199 WHO QUINTE THE TERM EUGENICS
AND INVENTED HIS QUEST TO PROVE
THAT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WAS
HEREDITY NOT ENVIRONMENT.
SEEKING TO EXPLAIN POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION, HE DESIGNED HIS
QUINNCUNX THAT BOUNCED OFF
RANDOMLY BOUNCED OFF PINS WOULD
FALL INTO DIFFERENT BINS AND PRO
DISTRIBUTION WITH THE HEIGHT OF
THE COLUMN REPRESENTING THE
PROBABILITY OF DIFFERENT
PATHWAYS OF DISSENT AND TO GAL
TON IT DEMONSTRATED THE PROPERTY
OF WHAT HE CALLED THE LAW OF
FREQUENCY OF ERROR END QUOTE, A
LAW QUOTE HE WOULD HAVE BEEN
PERSONIFIED BY THE GREEKS IF
THEY HAD KNOWN OF IT.
EACH ELEMENTS SORTED INTO PLACE
FINDS AS IT WERE A NICHE
ACCURATELY ADAPTED TO FIT IT END
QUOTE.
CONSIDER THE ALTERNATIVE
MECHANICAL DEVOICE SHOWN TO THE
RIGHT.
IT WAS BUILT BY 20th SENT --
INTER PLAYING THE INTER PLAY OF
STRUCTURE AND CHANCE OF THIS
OFFERS AN ILLUMINATING FOR
SHOWING HOW THEY CHANGE
POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS
INCLUDING OF IDENTICAL
INDIVIDUALS AND DO SO BY
EFFECTING THE UNDERLYING
PROBABILITIES OF EVENTS RANDOMLY
OCCURRING TO THE POPULATIONS'
INDIVIDUALS.
THIS MEANS THAT OBSERVED EMBODY
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POPULATIONS
ARE SIMPLY THAT.
OBSERVED 'EM BESIDE' DIFFERENCES
AND A GIVEN CONTEXT NOT CLEAR
CUT INDICATORS OF INNATE
DIFFERENCES.
STRUCTURE CHANCE SEIZE THIS
CLEARLY AND THE STRUCTURING
PLAYS OUT OVER TIME AND
DIFFERENT SPACIAL SCALES AS
WELL.
TWO IMPLICATIONS OF THE ECO
SOCIAL CONSTRUCT ARE THE NEED TO
REJECT BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM
AND EMBRACE INSTEAD EMBODIED
INCOMPETENT INAUGURATION.
THIS INCREASELY SCALE OF HYPER
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH MOMENT IT'S
CRITICAL TO EMPHASIZE THE
DRIVERS OF CURRENT AND CHANGING
SOCIETAL DISEASE INCLUDING
HEALTH EQUITIES ARE PEOPLE'S
BODIES AND RESIDE INSTEAD IN THE
BODY POLITIC.
NOR CAN EXPLANATIONS DISEASE
DISTRIBUTION TO EXPLANATIONS OF
DISEASE MECHANISMS, SINCE THE
LATTER DID NOT ACCOUNT WERE
RATES IN POPULATION PATTERNS OF
DISEASE CHANGE IN COMPLEX WAYS
OVER TIME AND PLACE.
TO DISTINGUISHED AS BIOLOGICAL
EXPRESSIONS OF INJUSTICE VERSUS
UNJUST INTERPRETATIONS OF
BIOLOGY AND THE FIRST OF THESE
ADVERSE AND BODY TO CLASS AND
JUSTICE, RACISM, GENDER BINARY
ET CETERA AND AN EFFECT
CONSTITUTE THE EMBODY PHENOTYPES
WHICH JUSTICE IS BIOLOGICALLY
EXPRESSED.
THE SECOND OF THESE REFERS HOW
IT CAN DIS OR THE UNDERSTANDING
OF BIOLOGY WHEN SOCIAL GROUP
DIFFERENCES AND HEALTH REASSUMED
TO RISE FROM INNATE BIOLOGY AND
IMAGINE STARTING INSTEAD WITH A
PREMISE OF SHARED HUMANITY AND
DIGNITY AND RECOGNIZING THAT IN
SEXIST AND RADIALIZED UNJUST
SOCIETIES, GOOD LUCK FINDING
HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT DON'T
MANIFEST A SEXIST AND RADIALIZED
HEALTH INEQUITIES.
AN ANTI ESSENTIALIST AND BY
DEFINITION ANTI SEXIST AND
ANTIRACIST SCIENCE IS ESSENTIAL.
THE POINT OF ANALYZING
SCIENTIFICALLY HOW SEXISM OR
RACISM OR ANY FORM OF INJUSTICE
HARMS HEALTH, IS NOT TO OF THAT
INJUSTICE IS PRONG SINCE IT IS
BY DEFINITION.
NOR IS THE POINT TO DO
QUOTE-UNQUOTE POLITICALLY
CORRECT SCIENCE THE POINT IS TO
DO CORRECT SCIENCE TO GENERATE
PUBLICLY TESTABLE AND TESTED
KNOWLEDGE THAT -- ASKER STAIN IF
THESE DISTRIBUTIONS ARE
INEQUITABLE AND CRUCIAL TO DO
THIS WORK KEEPING HISTORY IN
MIND, THE SOCIETAL HISTORY OF
PROBLEM AND DATA AND THE
INDIVIDUAL OR LIFE COURSE IN
RELATION TO EXPOS AND AGE OF
ONSET OF DISEASE AND THE
PATHOLOGICAL CELLULAR HISTORY
AND IDEOLOGICAL PERIOD, HOW LONG
IT TAKES FOR DISEASE TO DEVELOP
AND GIVEN EXPOSURE AND FOURTH
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY TO GAIN IN
SIGHT INTO THE BIOLOGIES
EMBODIMENT, WE AND ALL LIFE ON
THIS PLANET LIVE AS EMERGENT
PHONY TYPES AND UNDERSTAND HOW
WE EMBODY HISTORY IS KEY TO
CHANGING HISTORY FOR HEALTH
JUSTICE WE BRINGS ME TO THE
CONTEXT OF THIS LECTURE.
WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT IS
SIMULTANEOUSLY ALIVE WITH LIFE
AND BEAUTY AND ALSO RAMPANT AND
DESTRUCTION CONJOINED NOW WITH
CLIMATE CRISIS.
THE PAST FOUR DECADES OF
ECONOMICS BUILDING ON SENT ROWS
OF COLONIALISM HAVE LED TO A
WORLD OF GREG SOCIAL SPACIAL
POLARIZATION WITH EVERY GREATER
CONCENTRATIONS OF PRIVATE HEALTH
AS EPITOMIZED BY THE FACT IN
2019 ARE RICHEST 1% OF THE
WORLD'S POPULATION OPENED 44% OF
WEALTH.
MAX SCALE SHOWED THE U.S.
BLOATED WITH BILLIONAIRES WHILE
THE AFRICAN CONTINENT, DWINDLES
TO THE NEAREST THREAD.
IN THE U.S. WHERE THE TOP 1% ON
GREATER SHARE OF WEALTH AND 1%
COUNTERPARTS IN EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES AND THREE WHITE MEN
OWN AS MUCH WEALTH AS OTHER% OF
THE POPULATION.
CORPORATE TAXES OF PLUMMETED AS
THE INCOME AND WEALTH SOARED AND
INTRA GENERAL MOBILITY IS ON
SKIDS.
LONGSTANDING AND ENORMOUS WEALTH
GAPS BY RADIALIZED GROUPS ARE ON
THE RISE AND IN 2019, U.S. WHITE
MEDIUM HOUSEHOLD EIGHT TIMES AND
4.8 OF LATINO AND CHILDREN ARE
EVEN MORE STARK.
AND COVID-19 HIT.
EXACERBATING ALL OF THESE TRENDS
WITH BILLIONAIRES BALLOONING IN
WEALTH AND EVERYONE ELSE LOST.
BILLIONAIRE WEALTH HAS GROWN BY
43% SINCE THE START OF THE
PANDEMIC WITH ONE NEW
BILLIONAIRE CREATED EVERY 33
HOURS AND PEOPLE HAVE BEEN
FORCED INTO EXTREME POVERTY AND
ALL OF THESE EQUITIES AND TRENDS
ARE STRUCTURED BY GENDER
INJUSTICE AS WELL.
I SUMMARIZE THE 2020 U.N. DATA
AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL AND 2019 TO
222 INCLUDING DATA FROM A RECENT
WAVE THE U.S. CENSUS POLLS
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY.
THEY SPEAK INVOLVES TO THE MANY
MORE HOURS WOMEN VERSUS MAN
EXPAND ON UNPAID DOMESTIC WORK
AND CARE WORK, THE OCCUPATIONAL
SEGREGATION OF THE WORKFORCE,
THE HIGH RATES OF PHYSICAL OR
SEXUAL VIOLENCE THAT WOMEN
EXPERIENCE BY THEIR INTIMATE
PARTNERS INCLUDING HIGH RATES OF
MURDER, EVEN AS MEN DO MURDER
EACH OTHER MORE OFTEN, AND THE
DIFFERENCE THIS IS LEADING
CAUSES OF ILLNESS AND HEALTH BY
AGE GROUP FOR WOMEN AND MEN.
THE U.S. DATA LIKEWISE SPEAK TO
START GENDER INEQUITIES IN WOMEN
BEING MORE LIKELY TO WORK AT OR
BELOW THE MINIMUM PAGE TO BE
AMONG THE FORTUNE 500 C.E.O.s,
MEN PRE DOMINATE AND THE HIGHEST
RATES OF U.S. BLACK WOMEN AND
WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES.
THE U.S. CENSUS HOUSEHOLD POLLS
SURVEY DATA FOR JULY AND AUGUST
THIS YEAR REDEVELOPED THAT
NATIONALLY, SAY CISGENDER MAN DON'T
HAVE ENOUGH TO EAT OR FOUND IT
DIFFICULT TO PAY HOUSEHOLD
EXPENSES WITH CISGENDER WOMEN
HIGHER THAN THE CLOSER TO THE
RATES THAN THE MEN.
GENDER INJUSTICE DOES NOT MEAN
IT'S A FIXED GIVEN.
THIS SHOWS MODIFY ABILITY AS
ILLUSTRATED BY THE WOMEN PIECE
AND SECURITY INDEX WHICH IS ONE
OF METRICS OF WOMEN STATUS.
ONLY ARE THEY MARK DIFFERENCES
IN VALUES ACROSS COUNTRIES
GLOBALLY AND ACROSS STATES
WITHIN THE UNITED STATES BUT
MANY COUNTRIES HAVE IMPROVED
OVER TIME AND GLOBALLY, THE
NUMBER OF COUNTRIES DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE LEGISLATION, ASSIGN AT
LEAST OF AWARENESS THAT THIS IS
A SOCIETAL PROBLEM HAS INCREASED
FROM ONE IN 1975 TO 160 IN 2021.
IS THIS SUFFICIENT?
NO.
IS IT EVIDENCE OF POSSIBILITIES
FOR CHANGE, YES?
CONTINUING ON THE THEME OF
METRICS, THE SLIDE SHOWS A
SCHEME TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
DIFFERENT LEVELS STRUCTURAL AND
INDIVIDUAL AND INCONTINUE
ALLIESED AND WHETHER THE METRICS
DO VERSUS DO NOT EXPLICITLY
IDENTIFY AGENCY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY AND THAT IS, WHO
IS DRIVING OR GAINING FROM THE
INJUSTICE AS WELL AS OPPOSE
TODAY MERELY DESCRIBING IT.
OVERT AND NON EXPLICIT
QUOTE-UNQUOTE RULES OF THE GAME
MATTER AS DO INDICATORS OF
INJUSTICE AND IT'S ESSENTIAL TO
BE MINDFUL OF WHAT INDIVIDUALS
MAY OR MAY NOT BE WILLING OR
ABLE TO SELF-REPORT.
ADDITION APPLICATION FOR SOCIAL
METRICS PERTAIN TO ENGAGING WITH
ISSUES OF POWER, PLACE, LEVELS
AND HISTORY AND DEFINE THE
CATEGORY BY DEFINITION THE
QUESTION OF BOUNDARIES COMES
UPSET BY WHOM AND WHY ARE THEY
INTENDED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE
PURPOSES OR POLITICAL
REPRESENTATION ARE THEY SHAPED
BY BIO PHYSICAL PHENOMENON ARE
THEY NEST INSIDE OR CUT ACROSS
OTHER RELEVANT CATEGORIES FOR
THE CASES OF GENDER AND
SEXUALITIES AND ADDITIONALLY,
HOW DOES AGENCY PLAY OUT.
WHAT POWER RELATIONS DO THE
METRICS CAPTURE?
WHO IS ISN'T ADVISABLE.
ARE THEY POPULATION COMPETITION
OR REFLECT RELATIONS BETWEEN
SOCIETAL RUNS AND CAPTURE THE
RULES OF GAME THAT SET THE TERMS
OF RELATION AND HEALTH
INEQUITIES WITH THE LATTER
REFERRING TO UNFAIR AVOIDABLE
AND PREVENTABLE DIFFERENCES IN
HEALTH METRICS BETWEEN THE
SOCIAL GROUPS.
A KEY PURPOSE OF ANY METRIC FOR
HEALTH EQUITY AFTER ALL IS TO
MAKE VISIBLE WHO NEEDS TO DO
WITH WHAT TO ADVANCE HEALTH
JUSTICE AND WHO BENEFITS
IDENTIFIED THEM FROM INJUSTICE.
I KNOW THE APPROACH RUNS COUNTER
TO THE DOMINANT UPSTREAM AND
DOWNSTREAM METAPHOR FOR POWER
RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ACROSS
LEVELS AND IS HE SIGHTAL GROUPS
AND CONTRACT USUAL FEDERAL TO
STATE TO LOCAL TO INDIVIDUAL AND
HOWEVER, AS I NOTED BACK IN
2008, IT WAS A SUPREME COURT
RECOGNITION OF THE INDIVIDUAL
RIGHT OF PRIVACY AND ROW VE RAID
BACK UROE V. WADE ANDIT'S PLAYING OUT IN R EVERSE SO
LET ME OFFER EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES
WHICH I DRAW LARGELY FROM
LITERATURE I INCLUDE IN WHICH
WINTER SESSION COURSE AND
EMBODYING GENDER, PUBLIC-HEALTH,
BIOLOGY AND THE AS YOU CAN SEE,
THE POINT IS TO GET STUDENTS AND
ME TO THINK ABOUT THE IDEAS AND
EVIDENCE THAT ARE OUT THERE IN
THE LITERATURE REGARDING GENDER,
SEXIST, SEXUALITIES AND THE
PEOPLE HEALTH.
SO LET'S START WITH THE WORLD'S
OF WORK AND CONSIDER BOTH OLDER
AND NEWER EXAMPLES BUILDER
EXAMPLES INCLUDING TO SHOW IT'S
BEEN POSSIBLE TO THINK ABOUT
THESE ISSUES FOR A WHILE AND TO
DO SO IN RELATION TO THE THREE
CATEGORIES I WAS ASKED TO
ADDRESS IN THIS PRESENTATION.
GENDER NORMS, RELATIONAL POWER
DYNAMICS AND GENDER INEQUITY.
THE FIRST IS SEXUAL HARASSMENT
AT WORK AND BLOOD PRESSURE AND
HERE I NOTE THE STUDY I DID IN
THIS IN 2008, WAS THE FIRST TO
TEST WHETHER SUCH AN ASSOCIATION
EXISTED USING MEASURED BLOOD
PRESSURE WITH THE SECOND SHOWING
UP ONLY IN 2019.
IN THIS CASE, SEXIST GENDER
NORMS GET LICENSED TO
PERPETRATORS TO BE SEXIST AND
SEXUALLY HA ALSO OTHERSEXUAL HARASSMENT AN D IT'S POWER
DYNAMICS AND THE END RESULT IS
EMBODY GENDER HEALTH INEQUITY SO
WHICH I ADD
AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH
AND PROGRAMS AND EMBODY GENDER
INEQUITIES AND KNOWLEDGE FOR
EXAMPLE IN THE U.S. THERE ARE
ONLY A HANDFUL OF WORKPLACE
HEALTH PRO NOTION PROGRAMS THAT
ADDRESS BREASTFEEDING AT WORK
WITH THESE GAPS COMPOUNDING THE
SIGMAIZATION AMONG PERSONS WHO
DO WORK AND SECOND GLOBALLY
THERE IS VERY LIMITED
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND
EXPANDING SAFE GUARDS FOR SEX
WORKERS HEALTH.
THE FIRST IS GENDER WATER AND
HEALTH AND HOW NEW.
>> Richard: SEARCH ON THIS TOPIC
AND THE CONTEXT OF THE POM IN
THE WORLD AND HOUSEHOLD TOILETS
AND THEY PLAY OUT AS GENDER
DIVISION OF LABOR REGARDING WHO
IS MOST TO GET WATER AND USE IT
TO TAKE CARE OF THE ILL FAMILY
MEMBERS AND OTHERS AND THIS IS
WOMEN AND GIRLS REGARDLESS OF
TIME BURDENS IT POSES ON THEIR
INCOME AND GO AHEADIN GETTING AN EDUCATION
AND ET CETERA.
IT SHAPED WITHIN HOUSEHOLDS AND
COMMUNITIES AND WHO SITS ON
GOVERNANCE BOARDS AND SET
POLICIES AND RESOURCE
ALLOCATIONS FROM LOCAL AND
GLOBAL REGARDING WATER AND
SANITATION ISSUES.
EMBODY GENDER AND EQUITY INCLUDE
THE SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND
ASSAULT THAT GIRLS AND WOMEN ARE
DOCUMENT TODAY EXPERIENCE FROM
WALK TO GO GET WATER OR MANAGING
MEN STATION OUTSIDE.
AND THIS STILL SCANT RESEARCH ON
THESE ISSUES POINTS AGAIN TO
GENDER INEQUITY AND KNOWLEDGE.
OR CONSIDER THE CASE I USE IN MY
RECENT BOOK, STITCHING TOGETHER
THE SCANT EVIDENCE LICKING
FRACKING A LINK THAT UNDER
STUDIED SHOULD NOT BE SURPRISING
GIVEN THAT FRACK ASKING AN
ENTERPRISE THAT INVOLVES PEOPLE
NOT JUST PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND
CHEMICALS.
SEXIST NORMS INFLUENCE NOT ONLY
GENDER DIVISIONS OF LABOR WHO
SHOULD BE THE MOBILE LABORERS
THAT DO THE PHYSICAL JOBS
REQUIRED FOR FRACKING BUT ALSO
THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SETTING UP
QUOTE-UNQUOTE MAN CAMPING WITH
NO PROVISIONS FOR ADDRESSING
RISK OF STIs AND SEXUAL
VIOLENCE FOR SEX WORKERS WHO
FIND EMPLOYMENT AT THESE CAMPS
AND ALSO FOR OTHER WOMEN IN THE
AREA ESPECIALLY THESE CAMS ARE
SET UP IN INDIGENOUS
RESERVATIONS THAT IS OFTEN THE
CASE.
NON PROVISION OF RESOURCES AND
THE HEALTH RISK TRANSLATE TO
HIRE RISK OF STIs AND SEXUAL
VIOLENCE AND THE STI HAVING
LONG-TERM IMPACT ON BIRTH
OUTCOMES AND RESEARCH ON THIS
ISSUE REMAIN INCREDIBLY SCANT.
NEXT CONSIDER REPRODUCTIVE
JUSTICE AND THEY'RE BEHIND
SEXIST AND FLAWED UNJUST
INTERPRETATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL
STRAITS FROM MEN AND BERM BEING
ACTIVE AND FEMALES AND EGGS
BEING PASSIVE AND RENDERING A
FORMER WIRED FOR STRONGER SEX
DRIVE AND NON USE OF
CONTRACEPTION.
I'VE INCLUDED WHO CONTROLS USE
OF AND ALSO RESEARCH ON
CONTRACEPTIVES AND ALSO ACCESS
TO EDUCATION AND RESOURCES TO DO
THE SCIENCE AT ISSUE.
EMBODY GENDER AND INEQUITY AND
CONTRACEPTION HEALTH RISK AND
FAILURE CONTINUE TO BE MORE
PRINCIPALLY BY PERSONS WHO ARE
PREGNANT NOT THOSE WHO I AM
PREGNANT THEM AND ONLY JUST NOW
BEGINNING TO RECTIFIED IN THE
ROLES OF EGGS, SPERM AND
FERTILIZATION IN THE NEED FOR
MALE AND FEMALE CO CONTRACEPTIVE
AND MATERIALIZATION ABUSE,
ABORTION BANS AND AGAIN
QUESTIONS OF WHAT THE
ASSUMPTIONS ARE SEXIST GENDER
NORMS ABOUT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO
BE A MOTHER, WHO SHOULD NOT BE A
MOTHER AND THE IMPORTANCE OF
STATE CONTROL OF FERTILITY AND
ET CETERA, ET CETERA.
WHICH LEADS TO THE CASE EXAMPLES
INVOLVING GENDER TRANSFORM TIVE
WORK.
HERE ON INTRA PERSONAL VIOLENCE
AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN THE
LAST DECADE, NEW WORK IN
PUBLIC-HEALTH HAS ADOPTED GENDER
TRANSFORMATIVE AND CHALLENGE AND
TRANSFORM GENDER NORMS AND
GENDER INEQUITY AND A COMMON
THEME FOR AWFUL THIS WORK IS
IMPERATIVE SOCIETAL CONTEXT WITH
ADEQUATE RESOURCES ACROSS LEVELS
AND SECTORS AND IN WAYS THAT
REJECT GENDER AND EQUITY AND
PEOPLE'S RESOURCES AND
AUTONOMIMENT FOR THESE TWO CASE
EXAMPLES I SHOW HERE, WORK IS IN
THE EARLY STAGES AND PROVIDING
EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE POWERFUL
FORWARD WHEN IT MAKES A
DIFFERENCE FOR GENDER JUSTICE
AND HEALTH INJUSTICE.
TWO FINAL EXAMPLE MAY CLEAR HOW
GENDER INJUSTICE REQUIRES WRECK
ONG WITH THE TRUTH OF PAST
INJUSTICE AND FIRST FOR JIM CROW
WHOSE CONTEMPORARY HEALTH IMPACT
OUR FIRST STUDY SHOWED THE LEGAL
ABOLITION OF JIM CROW IN
REDUCING INFANT MORTALITY RATES
AMONG THE U.S. BLACK POPULATIONS
IN LIVING IN THE JIM CROW STATES
AND NO SUCH CONVERGENCE AMONG
THE WHITE POPULATION BUT THE
STUDY ALSO DEMONSTRATED WAS
NEARLY TWO-THIRDS OF ALL BLACK
INFANTS BORN IN THE U.S. IN 1960
WERE BORN IN JIM CROW STATES AND
THERE IN THEIR 60s.
WHAT MIGHT THIS EARLY LIFE EXPOS
YOUR MEAN?
OR FOR THOSE WHOSE CHILD TOOK
PLACE WHEN JIM CROW WAS LEGAL
AND THEY'RE NOW AGE 70 OR OLDER?
I SHOW STARK EVIDENCE WE FOUND
IN RELATION TO WHERE WE SHOW HOW
WOMEN UNDERAGE 55 NOT ONLY HAVE
GAPS CLOSE FOR BLACK VERSUS
WHITE HAVING TUMORS BUT THE
CHANGES HAVE BEEN DRIVEN BY
INCREASES AMONG BLACK WOMEN BORN
IN THE JIM CROW STATES AND THEY
SHOULD BE IN U.S. ADULTS WHO
WERE BORN WHEN JIM CROW WAS
LEGAL AND GIVEN LIFE COURSE AND
INTER GENERATIONAL IMPACT ON
PEOPLE'S RESOURCES AND ADVERSE
EXPOS US INCLUDING AND RELATION
TO GENDER.
SECOND, HISTORIC ALLRED LINING
WITH POLICY AND IMPOSED BY THE
U.S. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN THE
1930s BY THE LOAN CORPORATION
AND INSTITUTIONALIZED RADIALIZED
ECONOMIC SEGREGATION NATIONWIDE
AND CONSIDER THESE PRELIMINARY
RESULTS FOR BOSTON FOR ONE OF
OUR FIRST OF OUR THREE STUDIES
ON HISTORIC ALLRED LINING IN
CANCER.
THE BASIC POINT IS THAT -- WE
CAN SEE THAT BREAST CANCER STAGE
DIAGNOSIS FOLLOWED SIMILAR
PATTERNS AS WELL WITH THE PAST
INJUSTICE AUGMENTING AND
AMPLIFYING THE CURRENT INJUSTICE
AND THIS WAS SHOWN BY THE
COMPLEX MODELS WE USE IN OUR
ACTUAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS BUT
THIS DATA GIVES YOU THE POINT.
AND SO TO START WRAPPING UP WHEN
IT COMES TO HEALTH JURY
ADVERTISE, IT'S ESSENTIAL TO
RECKON WITH THE TWO EDGE SWORD
OF DATA BY EDGE ONE NO DATA NO
PROBLEM, MEANING THAT LACK OF
DATA UNDERMINES THE ABILITY TO
UNDERSTAND AND TAKE ACTION.
AND EDGE TWO IS BAD DATA, BIG
PROBLEM.
WHICH IS BASICALLY LOUSY SCIENCE
IS HARMFUL AND OFTEN INHE CAN
QUIT BLEE SO AND THE REAL POINT
TO PRO DATA FOR ACCOUNTABILITY
AND ON THE SLIDE I ELABORATE ON
TWO KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
REGARDING RADIALIZED HEALTH AND
EQUITY I MADE IN EARLY 2021 AND
WHICH I WAS INVITED TO PRESENT
AT FIRST PUBLIC MEETING THE U.S.
FEDERAL COVID HEALTH EQUITY TASK
FORCE AND ALSO THE NATIONAL
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
HERE I FLUSH OUT THESE IDEAS IN
REALS TO GENDER JUSTICE OF THOSE
THAT WON ALL HEALTH DATA
SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT FUNDS
MUST EXPLAIN AND JUSTIFY THEIR
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SOCIAL
GROUPS DEFINED IN RELATIONS TO
GENDER, SEX LINK BUY ALGAL -- TO
CATEGORIZE THEM AND ANY
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL HEALTH DATA
CHARACTERIZED BY MEMBERSHIP IN
THESE GROUPS MUST BE ANALYZED IN
RELATION TO EACH OTHER AND
RELEVANT DATA ABOUT SOCIETAL
INEQUITIES INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO RACISM AND SOCIAL
CLASS.
DATA GOVERNANCE INCLUSION OF
HEALTH AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE
COMMUNITIES SINCE DATA ARE AT
STAKE AFFORDING THE EXPERTISE OF
LIVED EXPERIENCE I WOULD HOPE
THEY CAN FORM THE WORK OF THE
OFFICE OF RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S
HEALTH.
I SHOULD BE CLEAR FOR CRITICAL
SCIENCE TO ADVANCE ACTION FOR
HEALTH JUSTICE AND TO CHALLENGE
GENDER INJUSTICE, IT'S
IMPERATIVE TO RECKON WITH THE
MATERIAL FACT THAT WE ALWAYS
LIVE IN PLAYS AND SOCIETAL AND
BIO FISCAL CONTEXT NO MATTER HOW
MUCH WE MAY ROAM AROUND IN CYBER
OR FLAG A STAKE IN THE METAVERSE
FOR GOOD OR INFORM ILL, WE AND
ALL LIVING BEINGS ON THIS PLANET
LIVE IN REAL PLACE AND CONTEXT
AND ANY SCIENCE WE PRO MUST
RECKON WITH THESE TRUTHS.
AS I WROTE IN REFLECTING ON
BEING AT PEOPLE'S CLIMATE MARCH
IN 2014 AND DEEPENING MY
CRITIQUE OF SCIENCE AND
INDIVIDUALSISM, QUOTE, IN DEED,
THE REAL ECOLOGICAL FALLACY IS
TO THINK THAT 'EM DEEMOLOGISTS
OR OTHERS COULD EVER UNDERSTAND
THE PEOPLE'S HEALTH EXCEPT IN
SOCIETAL AND ECOLOGICAL AND
HENCE HISS TORQUAL CONTEXT.
BY THIS I MEAN THAT FIRST OUR
HISTORHISTORY LIVES WITH US FROM
TAKING ON THE HISTORY OF OUR
PARENTS AND ANCESTORS AND
SECOND, HISTORY IS NOT A GIVEN,
PEOPLE HAVE REPEATEDLY CHANGED
HISTORY WHEN CONFRONTING
INJUSTICE.
WE LIVE AND DIE EMBODY SO TOO
DOES ALL LIFE ON WORK.
WE ARE CONNECTED AND CONSCIOUS
AND CREATIVE BOTH FOR GOOD AND
FOR BAD.
IT'S LONG TIME FOR OUR SCIENCE
TO INTEGRATE LEVELS AND TIME
SCALES OF EMBODIMENT FROM
STRUCTURAL POLICIES AND
INJUSTICE TO SUB MOLECULAR
LEVELS ACROSS HISTORICAL
GENERATIONS WITH AN EYE TO
EMBODY DIGNITY, EQUITY AND JOY.
ANOTHER WORLD IS POSSIBLE IN
WHICH HEALTH JUSTICE EXISTS ON
THIS ONE PLANET WE SHARE.
LET US DO THIS WORK INFORMED BY
HISTORY AND A VISION PREMISED ON
SOCIAL JUSTICE ALONG WITH
RECOGNITION OF OUR
INTERCONNECTION WITH AND
DEPENDENCE ON OUR THREATENED
PLANET.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH Dr.
KRIEGER FOR THAT WONDERFUL
PRESENTATION.
WE HAVE TIME FOR A FEW QUESTIONS
NOW JUST AS A REMINDER, FOLKS
CAN USE THE Q&A OR THE FEEDBACK
FORM ON THE VIDEO CAST.
SO, THE FIRST QUESTION THAT CAME
IN HAS TO DO WITH DISENTANGLING
SEXISM FROM POWER AND CONTROL.
THE QUESTION IS HOW CAN WE
DISENTANGLE SEXISM FROM POWER
AND CELL WHEN THERE'S SUCH
INEQUITY IN NUMBERS OF WOMEN IN
POSITIONS OF POWER.
CAN IT BE DISENTANGLED OR ARE
THERE METH LOGICAL APPROACHES OR
OTHER SOLUTIONS THAT YOU MIGHT
CONSIDER?
>> I DON'T KNOW THAT THE
QUESTION IS HOW TO DISENTANGLE
BUT IT'S HOW TO UNDER THE
CONNECTIONS AND THE
RELATIONSHIPS, SO SEXISM MAY
ALTER WHO HAS THE LIKELIHOOD OF
POWER BUT THE POWER DOESN'T COME
ONLY FROM SEXISM.
SO IF YOU HAVE, FOR EXAMPLE,
PEOPLE THAT ARE IDENTIFY AS
BEING WOMEN WHO ARE HIGH LEVELS
OF GOVERNMENT, AND THEY HAVE
POWER IN THAT WAY, YOU HAVE TO
CONSIDER BOTH, HOW DOES THAT
PLAY OUT, IT'S NOT ONE OR THE
OTHER.
SO I THINK THE POINT IS TO
CONSIDER BOTH.
I SHOWED SOME OF THE DATA THAT
FOR EXAMPLE A VERY SMALL
PREPORTION OF U.S. C.E.O.s ARE
PEOPLE WHO ARE IDENTIFIED AS
BEING WOMEN BUT THEY STILL EXERT
POWER OVER THE COMPANIES THEY'RE
KERRI EINARSON.
IT'S BOTH NOT EITHER OR TO ME.
>> THANK YOU.
ANOTHER QUESTION THAT HAS COME
IN BEGINS BY THANKING YOU FOR A
WONDERFUL PRESENTATION AND A
GROUND BREAKING BODY OF WORK AND
THE QUESTION FOCUSES ON YOUR
PROPOSAL TO REQUIRE EXPLANATION
BY ANYBODY SEEKING FEDERAL FUNDS
WHICH IS FOR THIS QUESTION
SOMETHING THAT IS GOOD BUT HAS
NOT YIELDED CRITICAL IMPACT ON
DISPARITIES TO DATE.
IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER
SUGGESTIONS, THEY WITH LIKE TO
KNOW IF IT HAS MORE TEETH.
>> SO, ONE GROW IT'S I GROW IT'S HARD TO FIND
OUT WHAT IS DONE WITH THE DATA
THAT IS OBTAINED TO FIND OUT
WHETHER THERE ARE CHANGES MADE
IN DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT TO FUND
OR NOT BASED ON WHO WAS INCLUDED
IN DIFFERENT STUDIES.
OTHER PROBLEMS THAT THE FOCUS IS
ON HOW MANY PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT
CATEGORIES ARE INCLUDED IN
RESEARCH.
AND THAT'S NOT THE SAME AS WHAT
THE QUESTIONS ARE THAT ARE BEING
ASKED ABOUT THOSE CATEGORIES AND
SO I DON'T THINK THAT YOU CAN'T,
THE WHOLE POINT, FOR EXAMPLE,
IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO SAY YOU HAVE
TO HAVE QUOTE-UNQUOTE DIVERSITY
IN TERMS OF NUMBERS OF PEOPLE
FITTING PRFIT PRE SPECIFIED CATEGORY BUT
IT'S WHO AND WHAT IS DRIVING THE
PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS.
RESEARCH BY ITSELF CAN NEVER
CHANGE SOCIETY.
IT DOESN'T HAPPEN.
PEOPLE USE RESEARCH TO CHANGE
SOCIETY.
DOES THE RESEARCH THAT IS
DEVELOPED THAT IS INFORMED BY
THESE CRITICAL QUESTIONS, CAN IT
BE USED TO INFLUENCE COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING SOCIAL CHANGE
EFFORTS, POLICY LITIGATION, ET
CETERA.
IT'S NOT THAT THE RESEARCH WILL
DO IT IT'S WHO IS USING THE
RESEARCH AND ASKING WHAT
QUESTIONS TO COME UP WITH TEST
AND TESTABLE KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN
ACTUALLY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE
MANY WHO ARE INVOLVED IN MAKING
SOCIAL CHANGE HAPPEN FOR THE
BETTER.
SO S. I WOULD NEVER THINK THAT A
STUDY DOES ANYTHING BY ITSELF,
IT'S HOW IT'S CONCEIVED WITH
WHOM AND CHECK NORTH WITH WHOM
AND USED BY WHOM THAT MAKES THE
DIFFERENCE.
>> THANK YOU.
WE MAY HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE
QUESTION.
A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY THAT
CLAIMS TO HAVE THE FIRST HUMAN
MILK RESEARCH CENTER, HAS AN
EARLY CHILDCARE FACILITY WITHIN
A THREE-YEAR LONG WAIT LIST.
HOW CAN INSTITUTES BE HELD
ACCOUNTABLE TO INCLUDING MORE OF
THESE POPULATIONS IN THEIR
STUDENT BODIES?
HOW CAN A MEDICAL STUDENT WITH A
NEW BABY WORK WHEN SHE DIDN'T
ACCESS AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE?
>> THESE ARE CRUCIAL QUESTIONS
AND THEY HAVE DATA TO SHOW THE
INEQUITIES EXIST.
YOU HAVE TO SECRETARY QUESTION,
GET THE DATA BUT THEN YOU HAVE
TO ORGANIZE.
IT'S LIKE DATA NEVER EVER SPEAKS
BY THEMSELVES.
DATA, IT MEANS THAT WHICH IS
GIVEN IT'S NEVER GIVEN.
PEOPLE STRUCK THE DATA AND THE
DATA COMES BECAUSE PEOPLE TAKE
THE TIME TO ASK QUESTIONS AND
MOBILIZE TO GET THE RESEARCHES
TO ANSWER THOSE QUESTIONS AND
THEN HAVE TO USE THE DATA.
SO, COMMON TECHNIQUES ARE
VARIOUSLY WHEN YOU HAVE THOSE
KINDS OF DATA, TO USE IF YOU
CAN'T SHOW EVIDENCE OF VIOLATING
LEGAL RULES ABOUT WHAT SHOULD BE
PROVIDED, WHICH IS ONE AVENUE TO
GO, AND THEN THERE'S ALSO
TAKING, SPEAKING TO CONVENTIONS
AND USING TECHNIQUES OF PUBLIC
SHAMING OF INSTITUTIONS FOR NOT
BEHAVING WELL IN RELATION TO THE
PEOPLE PART OF THOSE
INSTITUTIONS.
AND IT WOULD BE NICE TO THINK
THIS COULD ALL BE RESOLVED
WITHOUT DEALING WITH POWER
RELATIONS BUT SINCE POWER
RELATIONS ARE THE BASIS AND
INEQUITY POWER RELATIONS ARE THE
BASIS BEHIND WHAT IS DONE, YOU
HAVE TOE DEAL WITH THE POWER
RELATIONS AND AGAIN, IT'S BETTER
TO DO IT IN A WAY THAT LEADS TO
EXPANSIVE ACTION GOING FORWARD,
BUT IT'S NOT GOING TO BE
NECESSARILY EASY.
BUT A STARTING PLACE IS IN PART
AGAIN TO IDENTIFY THERE'S A
PROBLEM.
AND THAT IS PART 1.
IT'S NOT JUST AN OPINION AND
THAT'S ALSO WHY I REFER
INCREASINGLY TO THE WORK THAT I
AND OTHERS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH DO
ABOUT COMING UP WITH EMBODIED
TRUTHS.
THESE ARE NOT OPINIONS.
THIS IS WHAT OUR BODIES ARE
REVEALING AND OUR BODIES INCLUDE
OUR MIND ABOUT THE STAT STATE OF THE
WORLD AND STATE OF OUR SOCIETY
MANY OF THOSE ARE NOT UP FOR
GRABS AS OPINIONS, THEY'RE
TESTABLE, AND TESTED PATTERNS OF
HEALTH AND THEY NEED TO BE
EXPLAINED AND IT REALLY MATTERS
WHAT FRAMEWORKS YOU BRING TO
MAKE THOSE EXPLANATIONS IN A WAY
THAT REVOLES ACCOUNT A LOT FOR
WHAT THIS PATTERNS ARE.
>> THANK YOU, AGAIN, SO MUCH,
Dr. KRIEGER.
THAT WILL BE OUR LAST QUESTION.
NOW, HOWEVER, PROFESSOR KRIEGER
WILL JOINS FOR A PANEL
DISCUSSION FOLLOWING THE NEXT
TWO PLENARY TALKS SO THOSE WHO
SUBMITTED QUESTIONS, THANK YOU
AND PLEASE KEEP THEM COMING.
I WILL NOW PASS IT OFF TO Dr.
RONNA POPKIN WHO WILL INTRODUCE
OUR NEXT SPEAKER.
>> THANK YOU, Dr. BARR.
SO I AM THRILLED AND THANK YOU
Dr. KRIEGER FOR A REALLY
AMAZING TALK.
WELL, I'M THRILLED TO BE ABLE TO
INTRODUCE TODAY Dr. PATRICIA
HOMAN, AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF
SOCIOLOGY AND OF THE
PUBLIC-HEALTH PROGRAM AT FLORIDA
STATE UNIVERSITY.
SO, Dr. HOMAN'S FULL BIOGRAPHY
IS ON THE EVENT PAGE AND IT'S
THEORY AND STRUCTURAL SEXISM,
RACISM AND OTHER FORMS OF
STRUCTURAL INJUSTICE AS WELL AS
EXAMINING HOW THESE FORCES SHAPE
HEALTH.
SO, PLEASE JOIN ME AND WELCOMING
Dr. PATRICIA HOMAN TO THE
VIRTUAL STAGE.
>> HI, THANK YOU SO MUCH.
I'M THRILLED TO HAVE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK TO YOU ALL.
I'M GOING TO SHARE MY SLIDES.
OK.
SO, THE TITLE OF MY TALK IS "THE
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF
STRUCTURAL SEXISM" CONCEPTUAL
FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR
FUTURE RESEARCH.
MY TALK WILL COVER THREE MAIN
THINGS TODAY.
FIRST, WHAT IS STRUCTURAL
SEXISM?
AND HOW IS IT A USEFUL APPROACH
FOR STUDYING POPULATION HEALTH.
SECOND, WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW
ABOUT HOW STRUCTURAL SEXISM
SHAPES HEALTH IN THE U.S. AND
THEN THIRD, HOW CAN WE MOST
EFFECTIVELY BUILD ON THIS
EMERGING LINE OF RESEARCH?
SO FIRST, WHAT IS STRUCTURAL
SEXISM?
WHY IS IT USEFUL FOR STUDYING
POPULATIONAL HEALTH.
FOR MANY PEOPLE, WHEN THEY HEAR
THE WORLD SEXISM, THEY TEND TO
THINK ABOUT GENDER
DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE,
SORRY SEXUAL HARASSMENT, OR
OTHER TYPES OF OVERT INTER
PERSONAL MISTREATMENT AND ABUSE
THAT'S PERPETRATED BY
INDIVIDUALS.
WE KNOW THIS TYPE OF PERCEIVED
DISCRIMINATION AND SEXUAL
HARASSMENT IS HARMFUL FOR
WOMEN'S HEALTH.
IT'S BEEN LINKED TO A VARIETY OF
NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES
INCLUDING ANXIETY, DEPRESSION,
G.I. SYMPTOMS, HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE AND FUNGAL LIMITATIONS
JUST TO NAME A FEW.
BUT THERE'S MORE TO THE STORY
HERE BECAUSE THESE ACTIONS ARE
NOT ISOLATED INCIDENTS AND
THEY'RE NOT SOMETHING THAT
HAPPENS IN A VACUUM.
THEY'RE WIDESPREAD AND SYSTEMIC
AND THEY'RE SYMPTOMS OF
UNDERLYING GENDER POWER
STRUCTURES IN A SOCIETY.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER,
STATUS, RESOURCES, RIGHTS,
ROLES, OPPORTUNITIES AND
EXPOSURES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY,
IS VERY UNEQUAL ACROSS GENDER
LINES.
AND THIS NOT ONLY ENABLES THE
TIME OF MISS TREATMEN MISTREATMENT I JUST
MENTIONED BUT THIS DISTRIBUTION,
IN AND OF ITSELF, HAVE PROFOUND
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LIFE
CHANCES, THE HEALTH AND THE
WELLBEING OF ALL MEMBERS OF
SOCIETY, REGARDLESS OF HOW AWARE
THEY ARE OF THESE INEQUALITIES.
AND THIS UNDERLYING STRUCTURE
CAN EFFECT PEOPLE THROUGH A
VARIETY OF DIFFERENT MECHANISMS
OTHER THAN JUST DIRECTLY
PERCEIVED INTERPERSONAL SEXIST
BEHAVIOR.
SO THIS GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF
VALUED RESOURCES AND
OPPORTUNITIES CAN BE MORE OR
LESS EQUITABLE IN ANY GIVEN
SOCIAL CONTEXT.
SO IT VARIES ACROSS TIME AND
PLACE.
AND THAT MEANS WE NEED A WAY OF
CHARACTERIZING THE EXTENT OF
SYSTEMIC GENDER INEQUALITY.
THAT'S WHY MY WORK HAS BEEN
FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING A
STRUCTURAL SEXISM PERSPECTIVE.
THIS PERSPECTIVE TRICK TRICKS DISTRICTS
BEYOND BAD ACTORS AND BEHAVIORS
TO HIGHLIGHT THE INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENT THIS IS SOCIETY THAT
PRIVILEGE MEN AND SUBORDINATE
WOMEN.
THE FOCUS HERE IS ON HOW
DISCRIMINATORY GENDER SYSTEMS
AFFECT HEALTH.
MY WORK IN DEVELOPING A
STRUCTURAL SEXISM PERSPECTIVE IS
BASED ON FEMINIST THEORIES OF
GENDER AS A SOCIAL STRUCTURE.
SO, HERE I'M THINKING OF THE
WORK OF BARBARA SISMAN AND I'VE
LAID OUT HERE WHAT GENDER MEAN
WHEN THEY TALK ABOUT GENDER AS A
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OR THE GENDER
SYSTEM.
GENDER ITSELF IS CONCEPTUALIZED,
NOT AS PRIMARILY AN INDIVIDUAL
LEVEL ATTRIBUTE BUT A
MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURE OR SYSTEM
OF DIFFERENCE AND INEQUALITY.
THE GENDER SYSTEM IS RELATIONAL
AND EMBODIED AND IT'S EXPRESSED
THROUGH INSTITUTIONS,
INTERACTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS AND
PROCESSES THAT STRUCTURE
OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
BASED ON A INDIVIDUAL SEX
CATEGORY.
SO, AT THE MAX ROW LEVEL OF
GENDER SYSTEM, IT INVOLVES
WIDESPREAD CULTURAL NORMS AND
THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES,
ALONG GENDER LINES IN MAJOR
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
AT THE MESO LEVEL, OFTEN CALLED
THE INTERACTION LEVEL, THE
GENDER SYSTEM INVOLVES
INTERACTIONAL PATTERNS OF
BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL
PRACTICES AND THIS LEVEL IS
VITAL TO THE SYSTEM BECAUSE IT'S
CONSIDERED THE LEVEL AT THEY ARE
PRODUCED AND AT THIS LEVEL,
GENDER NORMS AND BELIEFS ABOUT
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
MEN AND WOMEN COMBINED WITH
STRUCTURALLY UNEQUAL
RELATIONSHIPS LEADING MEN AND
WOMEN TO RECREATE GENDER
INEQUALITY THIS IS THEIR
EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS, SO TO
GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE, RATHER THAN
TALKING ABOUT SOMETHING OVERT
LIKE SEXUAL HARASSMENT, AN
EXAMPLE WOULD BE THAT IN THE
WORKPLACE, CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS
REQUIRED THAT WOMEN BE COMMUNAL
AND TEAM ORIENTED AND THIS CAN
RESULT IN WOMEN BEING ASSIGNED
OR VOLUNTEERING TO PERFORM MORE
UNDESIRABLE AND UNREWARDED TASKS
AND REDUCING THEIR LIKELIHOOD OF
PROMOTION AND REPRODUCING GENDER
INEQUALITY IN POWER AND
RESOURCES IN THE WORKPLACE.
THIS MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY
PERCEIVED BUT MAY NONE THE LESS
SHAPE WOMEN'S HEALTH THROUGH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT PATHWAYS
INCLUDING STRESS AND DIMINISHED
ACCESS TO MATERIAL RESOURCES.
AND THEN FINALLY, AT THE MOST
MICRO LEVEL OF THE GENDER
SYSTEM, WE HAVE THE INDIVIDUALS.
AT LEFT LEVEL WE HAVE GENDER
ITSELF, IDENTITY, BELIEFS,
CREATED THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF
SOCIALIZATION, TINNALLIZATION
AND IDENTITY WORK.
SO STRUCTURAL SEXISM, I USE THAT
TERM TO REFER TO THE DEGREE OF
SYSTEMATIC GENDER INEQUALITY IN
POWER AND RESOURCES MANIFEST IN
A GENDER SYSTEM.
ALTHOUGH MOST AGAIN TER SYSTEMS
HAVE BEE PATRIARCHAL BECAUSE THEY'RE
MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURES, WE CAN
SEE STRUCTURAL SEXISM PLAY
SOUGHT AS GENDERED POWER AND
RESOURCE IN EQUALITIES IN
LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AT THE
MACRO LEVEL IN ORGANIZATIONAL
AND INTERACTIONAL SETTINGS AT
THE MESO LEVEL AND IN INDIVIDUAL
IDENTITIES BELIEFS AND BODIES AT
THE MICRO LEVEL.
IT DOES NOT REQUIRE OVERT SEXIST
BEHAVIORS AND IS OFTEN
UNPERCEIVED.
IT'S FUNDAMENTALLY ABOUT
HIERARCHY AND INEQUALITY RATHER
THAN INTER PERSONAL
MISTREATMENT.
SO, IN MY FIRST RESEARCH THAT
ATTEMPTED TO QUANTIFY STRUCTURAL
SEXISM IN A MULTI-LEV FRAMEWORK,
I FOCUSED ON THEE THESE AREAS.
U.S. STATE LEVELS INSTITUTIONS,
AT THE MACRO LEVEL, MARITAL DIE
ADDS AT THE MESO LEVEL AND I
CHOSE TO FOCUS ON MARRIAGE FOR
TWO REASONS.
ONE BECAUSE IT'S ONE OF THE
PRIMARY SITES OF INTERACTION
BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AND ALSO
BECAUSE THE GENDER DID DIVISION
OF LABOR BETWEEN SPOUSES IS
ESSENTIAL TO THE SOCIAL
PRODUCTION OF GENDER INEQUALITY
IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND IN OTHER
DOMAINS SUCH AS THE LABOR
MARKET.
AND THEN FINALLY, AT THE MICRO
LEVEL, I FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUALS
AND IN PARTICULAR, THEIR
INTERNALIZED GENDER IDEOLOGY,
NOT JUST ANY IDEOLOGY THAT
REINFORCES GENDER INEQUALITY IN
POWER AND RESOURCES SO FOR
EXAMPLE, ONE OF THE MEASURES
THAT I USE WAS AGREEMENT WITH
THE STATEMENT IT IS MUCH BETTER
IF THE MAN IS THE ACHIEVER AND
THE WOMAN TAKES CARE OF HOME AND
FAMILY.
SO YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS BELIEF
WOULD REINFORCE POWER AND
RESOURCE IN INEQUALITY BETWEEN
MEMBER AND WOMEN BY RESTRICTING
WOMEN TO UNPAID LABOR.
SO HERE IS A LIST OF THE
SPECIFIC STATE LEVELS STRUCTURAL
SEXISM MEASURES THAT I HAVE USED
IN THE PAST AND MY RESEARCH.
THE DATA CAME FROM
ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES INCLUDING
THE CENSUS, THE BUREAU LABOR OF
STATISTICS, INSTITUTE FOR
WOMEN'S POLICY RESEARCH AND I
USED SIX MEASURES ACROSS FOUR
DIFFERENT DOMAINS ALL OF THESE
MEASURES WERE BASED ON PREVIOUS
RESEARCH AND THEORY.
AND IN THE ECONOMIC DOMAIN I
HAVE THREE MEASURES REFLECTING
WELL-KNOWN PATTERNS OF GENDER
INEQUALITY.
THE GENDER WAGE GAP, GENDER
DIFFERENCES IN LABOR FORCE
PARTICIPATION, AND THE FEMALE
INIZATION OF POVERTY.
IN THE POLITICAL DOMAIN I HAVE
STATE LEGISLATURE SEATS OCCUPIED
BY MEN.
THIS VARIES WIDELY ACROSS STATES
WITH MEN OCCUPYING 88% OF
LEGISLATURE SEATS IN WEST
VIRGINIA COMPARED TO 40% IN
NEVADA.
YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THE
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL MEASURES
CLOSELY PARALLEL MEASURES USED
TO CAPTURE STRUCTURAL RACISM.
IF YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THAT
LITERATURE.
AND THEN FOR A CULTURAL MEASURE,
I USE THE PREVALENCE OF RE LIGE
US CONSERVATIVES IN THE STATE.
THIS NOT INCLUDES EVANGELICAL
PROTESTANTS AND FORMANCE BECAUSE
THESE RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REL
GATE WOMEN TO SUB OR DIN AT
ROLES IN THE FAMILY AND THE
CHURCH AND IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE
IN BOTH THEIR IDEOLOGY AND IN
PRACTICE.
SO, GETTING AT THE PREVALENCE OF
RELIGIOUS CONSERVATIVES IN A
STATE, PRO VOIDS A MEASURE OF
THE POWER THAT THESE ROW LIGE US RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONS HAVE IN A STATE
ENVIRONMENT.
BECAUSE THEY HIGHLIGHT THE
IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM FROM
PHYSICAL COERCION AND BEHAVIORAL
CONSTRAINT AS A FOUNDATION FOR
GENDER EQUITY, I INCLUDE A
PHYSICAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
MEASURE WHICH IS THE PERCENTAGE
OF WOMEN IN A STATE WHO LIVE IN
A COUNTY WITHOUT AN ABORTION
PROVIDER.
THIS IS REALLY CRUCIAL BECAUSE
WITHOUT BODILY AUTONOMY, WOMEN
CAN'T EQUALLY PARTICIPATE IN
SOCIETY.
SO I STANDARDIZED AND SUMMED
THESE INDICATORS TO CREATE AN
OVER ALL MEASURE OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND WHILE YOU CAN LOOK AT
THESE ITEMS INDIVIDUALLY, I
THINK STRUCTURAL SEXISM IS BEST
CONCEPTUALIZED AS A SYSTEM
GENDER INEQUALITY THAT OPERATES
ACROSS INTERCONNECTED AND
MUTUALLY REINFORCING DOMAINS.
AND ALSO EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS HAVE
SHOWN THESE ITEMS ARE HIGHLY
CORRELATED AND THAT THE HEALTH
EFFECTS I FOUND ARE NOT DRIVEN
BY A SINGLE INDICATER.
WHAT IT MAY NOT BEING
EXHAUSTIVE, IT DOES CAPTURE THE
EXCLUSION OF WOMEN FROM POWER
AND RESOURCES IN SEVERAL KEY
AREAS.
THE MAP ON THE RIGHT SHOWS WHICH
STATES HAD THE HIGHEST AND
LOWEST LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM BASED ON THE STATE'S
AVERAGE SCORE ACROSS THE TIME
PER IDEA FROM 1998 TO 2012.
THE STATES WITH THE HIGHEST
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL SEXISM WERE
UTAH, WYOMING, MISSISSIPPI AND
LOUISIANA.
THE STATES WITH THE LOWEST WERE
MARYLAND, VERMONT, HAWAII AND
CALIFORNIA.
THIS IS HOW I BEGUN TO
OPERATIONALIZE STRUCTURAL SEXISM
IN STATE-LEVEL ENVIRONMENTS AND
I'LL SHOW YOU IN A MINUTE HOW
THIS RELATES TO POPULATION
HEALTH IN THE U.S.
FIRST, LET ME ILLUSTRATE FOR A
MINUTE WHY I THINK THIS
STRUCTURAL SEXISM APPROACH TO
POPULATION HEALTH IS USEFUL.
AND HOW IT CAN HELP US
SUPPLEMENT CONVENTIONAL
APPROACHES.
SO, THIS FIGURE REPRESENTS A
CONVENTIONAL SEX DIFFERENCES OR
A GENDER GAPS APPROACH TO
POPULATION HEALTH.
WHERE WE WOULD MEASURE GENDER AT
AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AND
CATEGORIZING PEOPLE AS MEN AND
WOMEN AND THEN EXAMINE THE
GENDER GAP BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
IN THE PREVALENCE OF SOME HEALTH
OUTCOMES.
SO, FOR EXAMPLE, DEPRESSION.
THIS COULD BE A FIGURE SHOWING
THAT WOMEN HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF
DEPRESSION THAN MEN.
NOW THIS HAS BEEN ONE OF THE
PRIMARY APPROACHES TO STUDYING
GENDER AND HEALTH OVER THE PAST
SEVERAL DECADES.
AND THIS TYPE OF RESEARCH IS
VITAL.
IT CAN TELL US SO MUCH ABOUT IN
A ABSOLUTE SENSE ABOUT WHO IS
HEALTHY AND WHO IS NOT.
BUT, WHEN THESE GENDER GAPS ARE
USED TO INFER SOMETHING ABOUT
SOCIAL INEQUALITY BETWEEN MEN
AND WOMEN, THEY'RE NOT TELLING
US EVERYTHING WE MIGHT WANT TO
KNOW ABOUT HOW DISCRIMINATORY
GENDER SYSTEMS EFFECT HEALTH
BECAUSE THERE'S A PIECE MISSING.
MOST OF THE TIME, WE'RE NOT
MEASURING SEX I AM EXPOSURE.
WE MIGHT THINK MEN AND WOMEN FOR
EXPOSURE BUT THE REALITY IS BOTH
MEN AND WOMEN LIVE IN SOCIAL
SETTINGS THAT ARE CHARACTERIZED
BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
STRUCTURAL SEXISM.
BECAUSE IT VARIES ACROSS TIME
AND PLACE AND SO BOTH MEN AND
WOMEN CAN BE IMPACTED, THEY CAN
HELP HAVE THEIR HEALTH IMPACTED
BY SEXUAL STRUCTURALISM.
WE'RE CAPTURING THIS GENDER GAP
IN HEALTH AT THE AVERAGE LEVEL
OF EXPOSURE BUT IN THEORY THESE
TWO DOTS COULD BE ANYWHERE ALONG
THE X AXIS.
YOU COULD HAVE A GAP LIKE THIS
IN A HEALTH OUTCOME BETWEEN MEN
AND WOMEN IN A SCENARIO IN WHICH
STRUCTURAL SEXISM HAS NO EFFECT
ON HEALTH.
THE HEALTH GAPS ARE ATTRIBUTABLE
TO SOME OTHER FACTORS.
OR YOU COULD HAVE THE SAME GAP
BUT IN A SITUATION WHERE SEXISM
IS UNIVERSALLY HARMFUL FOR BOTH
MEN AND WOMEN.
EVERYONE WOULD BE BETTER OFF IN
A MORE EGALITARIAN ENVIRONMENT
AND THESE LINES NEED NOT BE
PARALLEL NECESSARILY BECAUSE,
FOR EXAMPLE, MEN COULD BE HARMED
BUT TO A LESSER EXTENT THAN
WOMEN.
OR SEXISM COULD BE BAD FOR
WOMEN'S HEALTH WHILE MEN RECEIVE
A HEALTH BENEFIT.
AND THIS IS THE TYPE OF PATTERN
THAT WE MIGHT PREDICT BASED ON
TRADITIONAL GENDER CONFLICT
PERSPECTIVES THAT SEE OPPRESSIVE
RELATIONSHIPS AS A ZERO-SUM
GAME.
YET ANOTHER SCENARIO COULD BE
THAT WOMEN'S HEALTH IS ARNOLD
SCHWARZENEGGER WHILE WOMEN ARE
ADVANTAGED ANHARMED SO ONTHE WHOLE, SEXISM HAS NO
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON MEN'S
HEALTH.
THE POINT I'M TRYING TO MAKE
HERE IS ANY OF THESE PATTERN IN
EFFECT ARE POSSIBLE WITH THE
SAME OBSERVED GENDER GAP IN
HEALTH.
WE CAN'T TELL JUST FROM THE
GENDER GAP AND WE DON'T KNOW HOW
THE SYSTEM INFLUENCE HEALTH
UNLESS WE MEASURE EXPOSURE SO A
APPROACH SHIFTS THE FOCUS FROM
COMPARISONS BETWEEN MEN AND
WOMEN TO WITHIN GENDER
COMPARISONS ACROSS LEVELS OF
EXPOSURE TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM.
AND THIS APPROACH ALLOWS TO US
EXAMINE HOW THE UNEQUAL GENDER
DISTRIBUTIONS OF POWER STATUS,
AND RESOURCES IN A SOCIETY
EFFECT THE HEALTH OF ALL ITS
MEMBERS DOMINANT AND
SUBORDINATED GROUPS.
AND IT TAKES SERIOUSLY
THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF
GENDER NOT AS AN INDIVIDUAL
ATTRIBUTE BUT A SYSTEM OF
INEQUALITY.
SO WHAT DO WE ALREADY NOW ABOUT
HOW STRUCTURAL SEXISM SHAPES
HEALTH IN THE U.S.?
FIRST I'LL TELL YOU WHAT I FOUND
SO FAR IN MY OWN WORK AND THEN
I'LL SUMMARIZE WHAT OTHER RECENT
STUDIES HAVE ALSO FOUND.
SO IN ANY FIRST STUDY AT THE
DYAD AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL I
CONNECTED THOSE INDICATORS WITH
DATA FROM THE NATIONAL
LONGITUDAL STUDY 1979 AND I
LOOKED AT HOW THEY WERE
ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC
CONDITIONS,.
>> Ellie: RATED HEALTH AND
PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING FOR MEN AND
WOMEN AT MID LIFE AGES 40 AND 50
AND A CONTROLLED FOR A VARIETY
OF INDIVIDUALS AND STATE LEVEL
CO VARIANTS.
HERE IS WHAT I FOUND.
SEXUAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE
HEALTH AMONG BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
ACROSS ALL THREE HEALTH
OUTCOMES, I STUDIED.
NOW UNDERSTANDING WHY STRUCTURAL
SEXISM WOULD BE HARMFUL FOR
WOMEN'S HEALTH IS RELATIVELY
STRAIGHT FORWARD GIVEN THAT
THEY'RE THE OPPRESSED GROUP AND
SO LIVING IN A MORE SEX I WILL
PROMOTING FACTORS SUCH AS
MATERIALS RESOURCES AND QUALITY
HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
AND IT'S LIKELY TO INCREASE
WOMEN'S EXPOSURE TO HEALTH
HARMING FACTORS LIKE VIOLENCE,
DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT
AND ET CETERA.
THE FACT THAT SEXISM HARMS MEN'S
HEALTH AS WELL AND MIGHT AT
FIRST SEEM SURPRISING BUT IT'S
CONSIST NOT IN THREE RELATED
AREAS OF RESEARCH SO FIRST
RESEARCH ON OTHER TIMES AND
INEQUALITY AND BESIDES SEXISM
IND INDICATES THAT INEQUALITY
CAN HARM EVERYONE AROUND WITH
SOCIETY AND IT GIVES US DAMAGES
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CREATES
COMPETITION FOR DOMINANCE AND
UNDERMINES THE SAFETY
PRODUCTIVITY AND WELLBEING OF
THE ENTIRE SOCIETY.
STUDIES OF MASCULINITY AND MEN'S
HEALTH SUGGEST THAT PATRIARCHAL
SOCIAL SYSTEMS CAN FOSTER
CONSTRUCTIONS OF MASCULINITY
THAT ARE TOXIC TO MEN'S HEALTH
BECAUSE OF INCREASED PRESSURE TO
ENGAGE IN RISK TAKING AND
UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS.
AND THEN FINALLY, CROSS NATIONAL
COMPARATIVE RESEARCH IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD HAS SHOWN
THINGS THAT GENDER EQUITY IS
INTEGRAL TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
AND IMPROVEMENTS IN POPULATION
HEALTH.
STUDIES SHOW WHEN WOMEN HAVE
POLITICAL POWER THEY OFTEN
INFLUENCE SOCIAL POLICY IN WAYS
THAT PROMOTE EDUCATION,
HEALTHCARE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS AND
OTHER EXPENDITURE THAT'S IMPROVE
HEALTH NOT JUST FOR THEMSELVES
BUT FOR THE ENTIRE POPULATION.
SO WE HAVE A NUMBER OF REASONS
TO EXPECT THIS TYPE OF PATTERN.
BUT, THINGS LIKE QUITE DIFFERENT
AT THE MARITAL DYAD LEVEL AND
HERE WE SEE EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT
OF A GENDER CONFLICT THEORY
WHERE THERE'S WINNERS AND
LOSERS.
THE MORE UNEQUAL A MAN'S
MARRIAGE IS THE BETTER HIS
PHYSICAL HEALTH AND THE REVERSE
IS TRUE FOR WOMEN.
AND THEN FINALLY, INTERNALIZE
SEXISM AS REFLECTED IN THE
GENDER ROLE IDEOLOGY I STUDIED
HERE HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS
ON MEN OR WOMEN'S PHYSICAL
HEALTH AND THE FINDINGS HERE
MIGHT ALSO INDICATE THAT THE
SPECIFIC GENDER ROLE BELIEFS I
EXAMINED, WERE EITHER LESS
IMPORTANT THAN OTHER ASPECTS OF
MASCULINITY AND GENDER NORMS FOR
INFLUENCING HEALTH OR WHERE MORE
CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH NON
PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES NOT
CONSIDERED SUCH AS MENTAL HEALTH
AND LIFE SATISFACTION.
IT DESERVES MORE ATTENTION AND
FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE WHOLE,
THEY HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF
A MULTI LEVEL SYSTEMS APPROACH
TO STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY.
THE NEXT QUESTION THAT THIS WORK
LED ME TO ASK IS WHAT ABOUT
OTHER MESO LEVEL SETTINGS,
MARRIAGES ARE UNIQUE?
HUSBANDS MAY BENEFIT FROM THE
LABOR OF THEIR WIVES AND WAYS
THAT DON'T HOLD TRUE FOR LARGER
AGGREGATE INEQUALITY.
IT'S UNCLEAR WITH WHETHER THIS
PATTERN WILL HOLD IN SETTINGS
THAT ARE NOT CHARACTERIZED BY
DYADIC WHERE THEY TRANSLATE TO
LOSSES FOR ANOTHER.
SO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT WE
NEED TO EXAM STRUCTURAL SEXISM
AND HEALTH IN OTHER MESO LEVEL
CONTEXT SUCH AS NEIGHBORHOODS,
WORKPLACES AND ORGANIZATIONS.
SO, IN A FOLLOW-UP STUDY LAST
YEAR WITH AMY BERDET WE LOOKED
AT STRUCTURAL SEXISM BECAUSE
DECADES OF RESEARCH SUGGESTS
THAT RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ARE
BENEFICIAL FOR HEALTH AND
WELLBEING AND AT THE SAME TIME,
MANY RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS ARE
ALSO KNOWN TO HAVE RIDGED GENDER
BASED STATUS HIERARCHIES WHICH
CONSTITUTE A FORM OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM WHICH WE EXPECT TO BE
HARMFUL FOR HEALTH AT LEAST
AMONG WOMEN SO IT'S UNCLEAR HOW
THESE CONTRADICTORY PATTERNS
RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER.
SO WE IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS TO
CAPTURE THE DEGREE TO WHICH
WOMEN WERE EXCLUDED FROM
MEANINGFUL LEADERSHIP ROLES SUCH
AS, BEING A MEMBER OF THE
GOVERNING BODY OR SERVING AS THE
PRIMARY RELIGIOUS LEADER OR HEAD
CLERGY PERSON OF THE
CONGREGATION.
AND WHAT WE FOUND WAS THAT WOMEN
WHO ATTENDED SEXISM RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONS, HAD WORSE
SELF-RATED HEALTH THAN THOSE WHO
ATTENDED MORE INCLUSIVE
CONGREGATIONS.
ADDITIONALLY, ONLY WOMEN WHO
ATTENDED INCLUSIVE RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONS HIGHLIGHTED BY THE
RED BARS, EXHIBITED A HEALTH
ADVANTAGE RELATIVE TO NON
PARTICIPANTS.
WOMEN WHO ATTEND THE SEXIST
CONGREGATIONS DID NOT DIFFER
FROM NON ATTENDERS.
SO ALL OF THIS IND INDICATES
THAT THE LONG RECOGNIZED
BENEFITS OF RELIGIOUS
PARTICIPATION, DO NOT EXTEND TO
GROUPS THAT ARE SYSTEMATICALLY
EXCLUDED FROM POWER AND STATUS
WITHIN THEIR RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONS.
SO TO SUMMARIZE TO DATE IN
PUBLISHED WORK, IT STATE LEVEL
INSTITUTIONS IN MARRIAGES AND IN
RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS, WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE HEALTH FOR
WOMEN.
AMONG MEN, IT WAS FARMFUL AND
INTRA MARITAL SEXISM WAS
BENEFICIAL ANBENEFICIAL AND THE THREE HEAL TH
OUTCOMES ARE CHRONIC CONDITIONS,
SELF-RATED HELP AND PHYSICAL
FUNCTIONS, THERE HAVE BEEN
STUDIES LOOKING AT STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND ALL OF THEM HAVE
FOCUS ON THE U.S. STATE LEVEL
STRUCTURAL SEXISM.
AND THIS MAKES A LOT OF SENSE
BECAUSE IT FITS TOGETHER NICELY
WITH THE WORK OF JENNIFER MONTEZ
AND COLLEAGUES WHO HAVE SHOWN
THAT U.S. STATES ARE IMPORTANT
INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS SHAPING THE
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
HEALTH.
SO THESE STUDIES ON STATE LEVEL
STRUCTURAL SEXISM, HAVE FOUND
THAT AMONG WOMEN, SEXISM IS
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RATES OF
DEPRESSION, EATING DISORDERS,
UNNECESSARY C SECTION AND
BARRIERS TO HEALTHCARE AND FOUND
SEXISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH
HIGHER INFANT MORTALITY AND
MEN'S MORTALITY BUT THAT'S
REALLY ABOUT ALL WE KNOW SO FAR.
THERE MAY BE A COUPLE THAT I'VE
MISSED BUT THERE ARE
SURPRISINGLY FEW STUDIES AND
WE'VE ONLY EXAMINED A HANDFUL OF
DIFFERENT HEALTH OUTCOMES SO
FAR.
SO THERE'S STILL SO MUCH WE
DON'T KNOW.
WHICH BRINGS ME TO MY THIRD
QUESTION, HOW CAN FUTURE STUDIES
MOST EFFECTIVELY BUILD ON THIS
EMERGING LINE OF RESEARCH.
THERE ARE FIVE AREAS THAT I
THINK ARE PRIORITIES FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH.
THEY ARE MEASURES, OUTCOMES,
MECHANISMS, LIFE COURSE AND
INTERSECTIONALITY.
NOW THESE THINGS SEEM BROAD BUT
I'LL TALK YOU THROUGH WHAT I
MEAN.
SO FOR MEASURES, WE NEED TO
EXPAND AND REFINE OUR
MEASUREMENTS OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM.
MY WORK MEASURING STRUCTURAL
SEXISM IN U.S. STATE LEVEL
ENVIRONMENTS BEGAN WITH SIX
MEASURES ACROSS FOUR DOMAINS BUT
THERE'S SO MUCH MORE ROOM FOR
CREATIVITY AND OUT OF THE BOX
THINKING ABOUT HOW WE CAN
CAPTURE SYSTEMIC GENDER
INEQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
IN POWER AND RESOURCES.
WE CAN ADD NEW MEASURES AND NEW
DOMAINS AND WE CAN ADD THINGS
LIKE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
WHICH IS NOT IN THERE YET AND
LABOR MARKET RETURNS TO
EDUCATION AND WORKPLACE
AUTHORITY AND POLICIES LIKE PAID
FAMILY LEAVE, DIVORCE AND TAX
LAW, PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL
VIOLENCE, NEW STATE LAWS AND
PRACTICES AND AIMED AT
RESTRICTING THE BODILY AUTONOMY
OF PEOPLE WHO CAN BE PREGNANT
AND WE'RE SEEING MORE AND MORE.
AND SO MANY MORE THINGS THAT WE
CAN ADD.
MOST OF THE EXISTING RESEARCH,
AS I MENTIONED, AS FOCUSED ON
U.S. STATES BUT WE CAN DEVELOP
NEW MEASURES OF SEXISM AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE GENDER
SYSTEM AND IN DIFFERENT CONTEXT
AND IN DIFFERENT SORT OF
GEOGRAPHIC SCALES.
WE HAVE MEASURES AT THE COUNTY
LEVEL WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS AND
WORKPLACES AND THOSE ARE A
COUPLE OF OTHER MESO LEVEL
SETTINGS WE MIGHT CONSIDER.
I ALSO THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO
EMPHASIZE THAT THERE'S NO ONE
RIGHT WAY TO MEASURE STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND NO GOLD STANDARD IF
YOU WILL SO I THINK IT'S
IMPORTANT TO AVOID UNNECESSARY
GATE KEEPING AS PEOPLE DEVELOP
NEW MEASURES.
AS THE SCIENCE PROGRESSES, WE
WILL OF COURSE, TEST THE
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF
THESE NEW MEASURES AND WE'LL
ASSESS STABILITY AND CHANGE OVER
TIME AND WE'LL DETERMINE WHICH
ARE CLOSELY LINKED TO HEALTH AND
WE'LL BUILD SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS
AROUND THESE ISSUES.
BUT IT'S REALLY VALUABLE TO CAST
A WIDE NET ESPECIALLY AT THIS
EARLY STAGE OF RESEARCH.
WE ALSO NEED TO LOWER BARRIERS
TO CONDUCTING THIS TYPE OF
RESEARCH BY BUILDING A PUBLICLY
AVAILABLE DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
WITH MEASURES OF STRUCTURAL
SEXISM.
AS OF RIGHT NOW, THERE'S NO
EXISTING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA
SOURCE THAT PROVIDES RESEARCHERS
WITH VALID AND RELIABILITY
LONGITUDINAL MEASURES OF
STRUCTURAL SEXISM THAT CAN BE
LINKED TO A BROAD RANGE OF
INDIVIDUALS AND STATE LEVEL DATA
SO MAKING A COMPREHENSIVE DATA
RESEARCH FOR STRUCTURAL SEXISM
AVAILABLE TO THE SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITY WILL ALLOW FOR MORE
INNOVATIONS AND WILL ACCELERATE
THE PACE OF RESEARCH ON THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND HEALTH SO I THINK
THAT FUNDING DATA COLLECTION,
DATA DISSEMINATION AND DATA
LINKAGES BETWEEN SEXISM MEASURES
AND EXISTING HEALTH DATASETS ARE
ALL STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS THAT
THE NIH SHOULD STRONGLY
CONSIDER.
NEXT OUTCOMES, WE NEED TO EXAM A
BROADER RANGE OF OUTCOMES TO
REALLY BEGIN TO BUILD A LARGER
EVIDENCE BASE ABOUT THE
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND HEALTH AND EQUALITY
IN THE U.S. AND SO THINGS IN
PARTICULAR THAT I THINK ARE OF
INTEREST ARE MATERNAL INFANT
HEALTH, BIOMARKERS, LIFE
EXPECTANCY, HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND
LEADER LIFE HEALTH.
NONE OF THESE THINGS HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED IN RESEARCH SO FAR.
NEXT, WE NEED QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITIVE RESEARCH THAT
EXPLORES THE MECHANISMS,
CONNECTING STRUCTURAL SEXISM TO
HEALTH.
SO, NANCY KRIEGER'S ECO SOCIAL
THEORY IN MY OPINION IS THE MOST
USEFUL FRAMEWORK FOR THINKING
THROUGH HOW EXPLOIT TIVE AND
OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS LICK
STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND RACISM CAN
ULTIMATELY GET UNDER THE SKIN TO
SHAPE THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH
AND ILLNESS AND SO WITH A ECO
SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE I'VE LISTED
HERE SEVERAL POTENTIAL PATHWAYS
OF EMBODIMENT THAT SO FAR WE
ONLY HAVE A THIS IS A DIRECTION
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AS WELL.
NEXT LIFE COURSE APPLYING A LIFE
COURSE LENS REPRESENTS AN
IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH, FOR EXAMPLE, EITHER
CERTAIN LIFE STAGES THAT ARE
SENSITIVE PERIODS FOR EXPOS YOUR
TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM LIKE
CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE AND LAG
EFFECTS HOW DOES DURATION AND
ACCUMULATION OF EXPOSURE MATTERS
ARE THERE INTER GENERATIONAL
EFFECT TO OBSERVE TO ANSWER
THESE QUESTIONS WE NEED
LONGITUDINAL DATA AND LIFE
COURSE PERSPECTIVES AND SO FAR
THERE'S ONLY ONE STUDY THAT I'VE
SEEN ON STRUCTURAL SEXISM TO
REALLY ACCOMPLISH THIS AND
THAT'S THE STUDY ON STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND EATING DISORDERS AND
THIS IS AN AREA WHERE MUCH MORE
RESEARCH IS NEEDED.
AND THEN FINALLY,
INTERSECTIONALITY.
INTERSECTIONALITY THEORY HOLDS
THAT STRUCTURAL SEXISM DOES NOT
WORK IN ISOLATION BUT INSTEAD IS
PART OF A COMPLEX WEB OF
OVERLAPPING SYSTEMS OF
STRUCTURAL OPPRESSION THAT SHAPE
INDIVIDUALS' LIVES.
SO, IN RECENT WORK CO-AUTHORED
WITH TYSON WRONG AND BRITTANY
KING WE DEVELOPED A STRUCTURAL
INTERSECTIONALITY APPROACH.
WE EXPLORED HOW STRUCTURAL
RACISM, STRUCTURAL SEXISM, AND
INCOME INEQUALITY ARE RELATED TO
ONE ANOTHER ACROSS U.S. STATES
AND WE ASKED HOW THEY COMBINED
TO SHAPE THE HEALTH OF VARIOUS
POPULATIONS GROUPS DEFINED BY
CONSTELLATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL
LEVELS STATUSES.
WE FOUND THAT STRUCTURAL
INEQUALITY IS VERY CONSIDERABLY
ACROSS U.S. STATES AND IN A
VARIETY OF WAYS BUT DON'T
STRONGLY OR POSITIVELY CO VARY
AND DIFFERENTIATELY SHAPE HEALTH
SUCH THAT BLACK WOMEN ARE THE
MOST CONSISTENTLY AFFECTED.
EXPOSURE TO ALL THREE TIMES OF
STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY ALONE AND
IN MOST COMBINATIONS WITH WORSE
HEALTH AMONG BLACK WOMEN.
SO THAT STUDY REPRESENTED AN
EARLY ATTEMPT TO INTEGRATE AND
INTERSECTIONALITY INTO
STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND RACISM
APPROACH AND I THINK THAT'S AN
IMPORTANT DIRECTION FOR HEALTH
DISPARITIES RESEARCH MOVING
FORWARD.
AND THERE ARE MANY OTHER SYSTEMS
OF OPPRESSION TO CONSIDER
INCLUDING HETERO SEXISM,
ABLEISM, NATIVISM, AGEISM, ET
CETERA.
IT'S ALSO INCORPORATING
INTERSECTIONALITY AND INVOLVES
THINKING NOT JUST ABOUT HOW
DIFFERENT FORMS OF OPPRESSION
INTERSECT IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS
BUT HOW WE MIGHT DEVELOP
MEASURES OF STRUCTURAL
INEQUALITIES THAT ARE
INTERSECTION SECTIONAL SO FOR
EXAMPLE, COLLEAGUES WHO ARE HERE
TODAY, BETHANY EVERETT AND
MORGAN REDEVELOPED AN
INTERSECTIONAL MEASURE OF HETERO
PATRIARCHY WHICH IS A
COMBINATION OF SEXISM AND HETERO
SEX I AM IN U.S. STATES AND IT'S
THE SUBJECT OF OUR NEXT TALK BUT
IT'S IMPORTANT TO ADVANCING THIS
LINE OF WORK.
SO IN CONCLUSION AN EMERGING
BODY OF EVIDENCE LINK STRUCTURAL
EX CIVIL TO NEGATIVE HEALTH
CONSEQUENCES IN THE U.S. FOR
WOMEN.
THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING.
RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL SEXISM IN
HEALTH AND HEALTH IS IN ITS AN
FANCY STILL AND THERE'S SO MUCH
MORE EXCITING WORK TO BE DONE IN
THAT AREA AND I'M THRILLED TO BE
PART OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
THAT'S UNDERTAKING THIS
IMPORTANT WORK.
THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING AND
THANK YOU TO MY WONDERFUL
CO-AUTHORS AND FUNDERS.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT
TALK AND FOR YOUR REALLY GROUND
BREAKING WORK ON MEASURING
STRUCTURAL SEXISM.
I'M GOING TO MOVE ALONG TO OUR
THIRD PLENARY.
TODAY OUR THIRD SPEAKER IS Dr.
TYPHANYE DYER, FROM THE
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIO STATISTICS
DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND SCHOOL OF
PUBLIC-HEALTH.
Dr. DYER IS AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST
IN HEALTH DISPARITIES SCHOLAR
WHOSE RESEARCH EXAMS SOCIAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ON
HIV AND STI RISKS IN BLACK
POPULATIONS.
YOU MAY VIEW HER FULL BIOGRAPHY
ON THE WORKSHOP EVENT PAGE AND
NOW PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING
Dr. TYPHANYE DYER.
>> WONDERFUL, THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR THAT WONDERFUL INTRODUCTION.
I DON'T HAVE CONTROL OVER MY
SLIDES, CORRECT?
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> GREAT.
>> THAT LOOKS GREAT.
>> WE SEE YOUR NOTES.
>> HEALING AND WELLNESS, I AM
Dr. DYER I USE SHE/HER/QUEEN.
THIS IS MY CROWN IF YOU ARE
EXPRESSED LOOK AT FLOWER AND
EVERYTHING WILL BE FINE.
I AM GOING TO BEGIN WITH SOME
BASIC DATA AROUND THE WORK THAT
I DO SPECIFICALLY HIV AND AMONG
BLACK WOMEN.
SOME OF THE THINGS TODAY,
OBVIOUSLY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
TODAY IS CRITICAL BUT, ONE OF
THE REASONS I SAY THAT RIGHT NOW
IS BECAUSE I KNOW THAT WE ALL
KNOW THAT HIV AND THE BLACK
COMMUNITY SPECIFICALLY WITH
BLACK WOMEN IS CRITICAL, WE'RE
IN CRISIS.
AND YOU WOULD THINK THAT WE
WOULD TALK ABOUT IT MORE AND FOR
SOME REASON WE DON'T.
SO I'M GOING TO START WITH JUST
SOME BASIC TALKING POINTS THAT
IS GOING TO LEAD ME INTO THE
HISS TORQUAHISTORICAL CONTEXT OF WHY WE'RE
HERE TODAY.
SO HIV AFFECTS BLACK WOMEN,
RIGHT.
IF YOU LOOK AT THIS PARTICULAR
TABLE, WHEN THEY THINK ABOUT
DISPARITIES, I DON'T KNOW THE
AUDIENCE, MY MOTHER COULD BE
HERE, I'M NOT SURE, I JUST LIKE
TO SPEAK AS IF I'M TALKING TO
THE FAMILY AT FAMILY REUNION.
WHEN WE SAY DISPARITIES, RATES
ARE NOT DIS PA RATE, IF YOU ARE
18% OF THE PEOPLE BUT IF YOU
LOOK AT BLACK WOMEN, YOU WILL
SEE THAT WE ONLY REPRESENT 13%
OF THE POPULATION THIS IS A
PROBLEM.
THIS IS WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY
DIS PER AT RATES.
THIS OTHER TABLE SHOWS, I LOVE
THESE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS.
AMONG CALL AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO
BE A ROCKET SCIENTIST BUT YOU
CAN SEE FOR BLACK WOMEN IT'S
STILL SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN
WOMEN OF OTHER RACIAL ETHNIC
GROUPS.
SO I JUST WANT TO POINT OUT THEY
ARE STILL INCREASING FOR BLACK
WOMEN AND THIS IS PROBLEMATIC.
IN 2019, WE KNOW THAT THERE WERE
ROUGHLY 250,000 WOMEN WHO WERE
DIAGNOSED WITH HIV, WITH BLACK
WOMEN A COUNTING FOR 57% OF
THOSE WOMEN.
SO HERE AGAIN WE SEE THIS IS A
PROBLEM.
AND THE DEATH RATE OF BLACK
WOMEN LIVING WITH DIAGNOSED HIV
WAS MORE THAN 14 TIMES THE RATE
OF WHITE WOMEN AND FIVE TIMES
THE RATE FOR HISPANIC AND LATINO
WOMEN, RIGHT.
SO WE SEE DESPITE THE FACT THAT
THE RATES ARE GOING DOWN IN THE
POPULATION AS A WHOLE, WE STILL
SEE ISSUES AS IT PERTAINS TO
BLACK WOMEN.
AND SO, THIS A LOT OF STUFF,
RIGHT.
ONE OF THE THINGS I WANT TO
POINT AT IS WHEN WE THINK OF
FACTORS WITH HIV, I WANT TO
POINT AT WORD RISK BECAUSE I'M
GOING TO TALK ABOUT THAT IN A
LITTLE BIT AND CARE OUTCOMES, ON
THE LEFT SIDE OF THE TABLE, WE
SEE THE THINGS SUCH AS POVERTY,
FOOD INSECURITY, HOUSING
INSTABILITY ON THE RIGHT SIDE WE
SEE SEX PARTNERS, HIV
MEDICATIONS ADHERENCE AND THINGS
THAT ARE ALONG THE BEHAVIORAL
THINGS WHICH MY CO-PANELISTS
REALLY POINTED AT THE NECESSITY
OF LOOKING AT STRUCTURAL
FACTORS, ET CETERA SO NOT JUST
LOOKING AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
FACTORS, ET CETERA.
RIGHT.
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT SOCIAL
AND STRUCTURAL FACTORS, WE'RE
THINKING ABOUT INCARCERATION,
POVERTY, FOOD INSECURITY,
HOUSING AND STABILITY TEE, LACK
OF HEATH INSURANCE, ET CETERA,
ET CETERA AND THESE ARE RELATED
TO POOR HIV RELATED OUTCOMES
AMONG BLACK WOMEN.
THESE THINGS DON'T JUST HAPPEN
IN A VACUUM, THERE ARE SYSTEMS
IN PLACE THAT MAKE IT SO THAT
THERE ARE CERTAIN SEGMENTS OF
POPULATION FOR WHICH THIS IS
THEIR REALITY AND THIS IS IT.
AND THEY ARE MARKED FROM BIRTH
AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT THAT IN A
LITTLE BIT AS WELL.
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE GAPS THAT
WE TALK ABOUT?
WE ALWAYS TALK ABOUT THE GAPS.
SO FOR ME THE WORK I DO IS
AROUND SYNDEMIC.
I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THAT A
LITTLE BIT BECAUSE I WANT TO GET
TO THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF
RACISM.
THE FRAMEWORK POSITIVE CORE
CONCEPTS THAT GIS SEES
INTERACTION AND THEIR UNDERLYING
SOCIAL FACTORS SO IT STARTED
WITH THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE, SO IT
PURPORTS THERE'S A SET OF
CLOSELY ENTERTAINED AND MUTUALLY
REINFORCING AN ENHANCING
EPIDEMIC OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
VIOLENCE AND HIV.
WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT PANDEMIC
IS THERE'S SOME RECIPROCITY THAT
IS OCCURRING WITH THE FACTORS
THAT ARE PUTTING PEOPLE AT
GREATER RISK OR HAVING AN IMPACT
ON THE SEE QUELL A OF THEIR
EXPOSURE TO THESE RISK FACTORS.
THERE ARE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND THAT THE
TOTAL EXCEEDS THE SUM OF THE
INDIVIDUAL FACTOR SO WE'RE NOT
JUST ADDING THESE THINGS UP SO
THE FIRST PAPER WE DID THAT, IF
YOU HAVE TWO OR MORE THESE, IT'S
ONE OR LESS IT'S NONE BUT
EVERYBODY, LIKE LOOK AT YOURSELF
TODAY, WE NEED NEED READ BEING
LIE WAY THAT SHOW THAT SINNER
GYM RIGHT WITH BETWEEN THE
FACTORS.
SO WITH RESPECT TO SYNDEMICS
THEY'RE CO CURING.
THEY'RE MORE DYNAMIC WITH THINGS
THAT ARE JUST HAPPENING AND CO
OWAND-CO-OWE CARING.
THEY'RE REINFORCING THINGS,
RIGHT.
SO THE EXPOSURE TO THESE FACTORS
IS MULTI DIMENSIONAL AND RESULT
IN EXCESS BURDEN OF DISEASE.
WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THIS ALREADY
BUT INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS
ARE ALSO IN ALIGNMENT SO THERE'S
SOME LITERATURE OUT THERE RIGHT
NOW THAT IS SORT OF COMPARING
INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND
SYNDEMIC AND WITH INTERSECTIONAL
FRAMEWORKS WE HAVE ANALYTICALLY
CONSIDERING A COLLECTION OF
FACTORS THAT EFFECT THE SOCIAL
INDIVIDUAL IN COMBINATION RATHER
THAN CONSIDERING EACH FACTOR IN
ISOLATION AND CON ACCEPT
ACTUALLY INTERSECTIONALITY IT'S
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING
HOW ASPECTS OF PERSONS SOCIAL
AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES COMBINE
TO CREATE MODES OF
DISCRIMINATION AND PRIVILEGE SO
THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT SO THEY
DON'T COMBINE TO CREATE POOR
HEALTH, THEY COMBINE TO CREATE
MODES OF DISCRIMINATION OF
PRIVILEGE AND SO THESE ARE THESE
STRUCTURAL FACTORS THAT ARE
ACTUALLY AT PLAY THAT REINFORCE
THE STATUS QUO AND THAT HAS THE
IMPACT ON THE POOR HOUSING, ET
CETERA, ET CETERA THAT ARE
FACTORS AND RACE, CLASS, GENDER
SEXUALITY AND THE SOCIAL
IDENTITIES MAY BE BOTH
EMPOWERING AND OPPRESSING, I
LOVE THAT BECAUSE WHILE WE ARE
TALKING ABOUT RISK, WE TALK
ABOUT OPPRESSION AND WE KNOW
THAT'S THERE AND BECAUSE I AM
ALL THE TIME A BLACK WOMAN, THEN
THOSE MIGHT BE SPACES WHERE I
ALSO FEEL EMPOWERED IF GIVEN THE
RIGHT TOOLS, RIGHT, SO WE'LL
TALK ABOUT SOME OF THOSE TOOLS
IN THE RESEARCH SPHERE AND HOW
WE CAN ENGAGE COMMUNITIES SO
THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY EMPOWER
WOMEN TO MANIFEST GREATNESS IN
THOSE SPACES THAT THEY OCCUPY.
WHEN FOCUSING ON MARGINALIZED
POPULATION, BOTH OF CRITICAL IN
UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS AND
EXPERIENCES OF OPPRESSION AND
THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR
HEALTH OUTCOMES AND I SEE IT
THIS WAY, IT'S ENDEMIC SO WHAT'S
GOING ON.
WHAT IS HAPPENING?
WHAT ARE THE CO-OCCURRING.
SO WHAT IS GOING ON BEHIND THESE
THINGS?
WHY IS IT THAT SYNDEMIC OCCUR IN
UNDERSERVED MARGINALIZED GROUPS?
MY WORK IS ON SYNDEMICS AND I'M
A KWAN INDICATE TIVE RESEARCHER
AND I COLLABORATE WITH
QUALITATIVE FOLKS, ESPECIALLY
EXAMINING SIGNIFICANT STA OLDER
BLACK WOMEN LIVING IN HIV.
WE HAVE ALL OF THESE
INTERSECTIONAL PIECES OF WOMEN'S
LIVES.
SO WHEN WE THIS ABOUT
PUBLIC-HEALTH, TYPICALLY, IF AND
WHEN, IF AND WHEN WE GET TO TALK
ABOUT BLACK GIRLS AND WOMEN, OR
WHEN THEY'RE CONSIDERED IN TERMS
OF HEALTH, IT'S WITHIN A
DISCOURSE OF RISK, FOR EXAMPLE,
WE HAVE CHILDHOOD OBESITY,
BULLYING, GIRL FIGHTING, TEEN
PREGNANCY, STIs, AND HIV,
RIGHT.
FROM A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE I'M
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST, WHILE BEING
PROBLEMATIC IT MAKES SENSE.
WE CALCULATE RISK RATIOS NOT
RESILIENCE RATIOS, WE HAVE
EXPOSED BY THE CUMULATIVE AND WE
KNOW THESE THINGS IT'S SIMPLE.
THE PROBLEM LIES IN THAT THE
EXPOSURE WE STUDY ARE IMPACTED
BY EXPOSURE TO THE SYSTEMS OF
OPPRESSION THAT WORK TO MAINTAIN
THE STATUS QUO.
SO, MY RISK FOR HYPERTENSION OR
DIABETES OR MATERNAL MORTALITY
SHOULDN'T BE DIFFERENT FROM THAT
OF ANY OTHER WOMEN ESPECIALLY IF
I'M AN EDUCATED BLACK WOMEN WHO
IS MIDDLE-CLASS, I HAVE A JOB,
ET CETERA, ET CETERA BUT WHAT WE
SEE IS DIFFERENT.
SO, WE'RE CHALLENGED AS
RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS TO
TAKE THE BLINDERS OFF AND START
TO -- START WITH THE FACT THERE
ARE CERTAIN COMMUNITIES OF BOTH
THAT ARE BORN WITH STRIKES
AGAINST THEM.
THOSE STRIKES ARE MY BLACKNESS,
WOMENNESS, QUEERNESS, DIFFERENT
ABLEDNESS, WHATEVER THOSE THINGS
ARE.
SO IN SPEAKING ABOUT
REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE, I JUST
WANT TO HIT ON A LITTLE BIT OF
SOMETHING RELATED TO MATERNAL
MORTALITY.
SO IN THE UNITED STATES,
MATERNAL MORTALITY HAS RISEN
BETWEEN 1990 AND 2013.
FROM 12 TO 28 LIVE BIRTH.
INDICATING THAT WOMEN IN THE
U.S. ARE MORE LIKELY TO DIE
DURING CHILDBIRTH THAN WOMEN IN
EYE OTHER HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES
AND IT'S THE MMR RATE FOR BLACK
WOMEN IS FOUR TO FIVE GREATER
THAN WHITE WOMEN AND THE U.S. IS
SPENDING HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF
DOLLARS ANNUALLY ON MATERNAL AND
NEWBORN CARE.
WHEN WE LOOK AT MATERNAL
MORBIDITY IT LEADS TO LIFELONG
HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT MAKE UP
52,000 CASES A YEAR.
NOW WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT THE
WHY, WE HAVE THE HISS TORQUAL
CONTEXT OF MATERNAL MORTALITY
AND NOW WE'LL GET BROKEN DOWN.
THE REGULATION OF BLACK WOMEN'S
REPRODUCTIVE HAS BEEN A ASPECT
OF RACIAL OPPRESSION IN AMERICA
SO WE KNOW THIS.
THE INSTITUTIONEL SLAVERY IN THE
U.S. OPENED THE DOOR FOR ALL
TYPES OF INJUST MEDICAL
EXPERIMENTATION OF BLACK WOMEN'S
BODIES FROM EXPERIMENTAL VAGINAL
SURGERIES WITHOUT ANESTHESIA ON
ENSLAVED BACK WOMEN TO THE
STEALING OF CERVICAL CANCER
CELLS IN THE NAME OF ADVANCING
SCIENCE.
WE HAVE SYSTEM CHALLENGES.
WE CAN'T BEGIN TO TACKLE RACIAL
DISPARITIES IN MATERNAL AND
CHILD HEALTH WITHOUT
ACKNOWLEDGING AND LEARNING THE
HISTORY WHICH HAS CONTRIBUTE
TODAY WHERE WE ARE TODAY.
THIS IS WHERE WE ARE TODAY.
AND THEN WE'VE GOT REPRODUCTIVE
JUSTICE.
WHICH IS A CRITICAL FRAMEWORK, A
FEMINIST FRAMEWORK INVENTED AS A
RESPONSE TO UNITED STATES
REPRODUCTIVE POLITICS.
THE THREE CORE VALUES OF
REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE ARE THE
RIGHT TO HAVE A CHILD, THE RIGHT
NOT TO HAVE A CHILD, AND THE
RIGHT TO PARENT A CHILD OR
CHILDREN IN SAFE AND HEALTHY
ENVIRONMENTS.
SO AGAIN WE'RE THINKING ABOUT
POLICE BROW TAL TEE IS A
REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE ISSUE,
RIGHT.
-- BRUTALITY.
AND THEN WE'VE GOT SOME BASIC
FACTS.
THE UNITED STATES RANKS 33rd
33rd AMONG THE 38 WEALTHIEST
FACES WHEN IT COMES TO MATERNAL
HEALTH FOR ALL WOMEN.
59% OF BLACK MATERNAL DEATHS ARE
PREVENTABLE.
59%.
BLACK INFANTS ARE MORE THAN TWO
TIMES AS LIKELY TO DIE AS WHITE
INFANTS.
AND BLACK MATERNAL DEATH RATES
BETWEEN 2019 AND 2020 INCREASED
BY 26%.
WE HAVE A PROBLEM.
AND IN ORDER FOR US TO REALLY
UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS THAT WE
NEED TO DO, WE NEED TO FRAMEWORK
THAT WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND THE
HISTORICAL CAN TEXT WHY IT IS WE
SEE THESE NUMBERS.
BLACK FEMINISM AND WOMENNISM, SO
BLACK FEMINISM CENTERS ON THE
IDEA THAT BLACK WOMEN ARE ADHERE
ANTLY VALUABLE.
THAT BLACK WOMEN LIBERATION IS A
NECESSITY AND NOT JUST AS AN
ADJUNCT BECAUSE OUR NEED FOR
HUMAN PERSONS FOR AUTONOMY.
THIS WAS FOUNDED OUT OF
EXPERIENCES AND FEELINGS OF
SEXISM IN THE BLACK POWER
MOVEMENT AND RACISM IN THE
LESBIAN AND FEMINISM MOVEMENT.
WE HAVE RIVER COLLECTIVE ACTED
BETWEEN '74 AND '80 THAT SPOKE
HOW BLACK WOMEN ARE
SIMULTANEOUSLY FIGHTING THIS ON
GOING BATTLE OF MULTIPLE
OPPRESSION FROM ALL ANGLES.
THEY SPOKE OF HOW IT WAS
DIFFICULT TO SEPARATE RACE FROM
CLASS, FROM SEX OPPRESSION,
BECAUSE IN OUR BLACK WOMEN'S
LIVES, THEY'RE THE MOST OFTEN
EXPERIENCED SIMULTANEOUSLY.
SO RACE, GENDER AND CLASS
OPPRESSION ARE ALL ASPECTS OF
THE SAME SYSTEM OF HIERARCHY.
BILL HOOKS BROKE IT DOWN AND
TERMED IT IMPERIALIST WHITE
SUPREMACIST, CAPITALIST,
PATRIARCHY, ALL STUFF, ALL OF
IT, ALL AT ONCE.
IT'S FROM WITHIN THIS SYSTEM OF
PAY TREPATRIARCHY FOR THOSE FOR WHOM
THE SYSTEM WAS BUILT SO WHEN WE
TALK ABOUT OTHER, WE TALK ABOUT
THIS STIGMA, RIGHT.
YOU ARE DIFFERENT, YOU ARE
DIFFERENT FROM WHOMEVER.
AND WE INTERNALIZE THAT.
THAT'S ANOTHER THING.
SO NOW WE CAN TALK ABOUT SOME
PUBLIC-HEALTH CRITICAL RACE
PRACTICES, PHDRP.
WE KNOW THE RESEARCH STARTS AND
FILLS GAPS IN LITERATURE AND
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT A PHENOMENON.
WE THINK ABOUT, FOLKS, AT THE
INTERSECTIONS OF RACE, SEX,
GENDER, IDENTITY, CLASS OR,
ORIENTATION AND ABLENESS, THE
GAPS ARE WIDE AND LONG, RIGHT.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT ONE THING,
FILL THE GAP.
WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT ALL THESE
INTERSECTIONS IT GETS TOUGH.
WE HAVE TO TRAIN OUR FUTURE
RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS TO
BEGIN WITH AN UNDERSTANDING OF
OUT HER INHER TANT BIAS.
AND PUBLIC-HEALTH.
WE HAVE TO LOOK AT OURSELVES AND
FACE OUR OWN INHER TANT BIAS AND
THIS FROM THE CONCEPT OF A
RESEARCH QUESTION, WHY IS THAT
YOU HIGH POTH A SIZE THAT BLACK
GAY MEN WILL DO XY AND Z AND
BEFORE THEY ENTER THE EXAM ROOM,
THEY TRAIN PUBLIC-HEALTH
PRACTITIONERS TO ADDRESS THE
HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF RACISM,
TO ACHIEVE HEALTH EQUITY
REQUIRES NEW PARADIGMS THAT
ADDRESS STRUCTURAL RACISM,
CONTEMPORARY INFLUENCE ON
HEALTH, HEALTH INEQUITIESES AND
RESEARCH AND CONTEMPORARY,
CHANGE IT, WHERE WE ARE TODAY IS
NOT WHERE WE WERE 10 YEARS AGO
IT'S CHANGEING AND WE HAVE TO
KEEP UP AND CONTEMPORARY RACIAL
PHENOMENON AND EXPANDS OUR
VOCABULARY FOR CONCEPTS SO WE
TALKED ABOUT THAT WITH OUR
PREVIOUS INTRODUCE SPEAKERS WHO
WERE TALKING ABOUT HOW WE
MEASURE RACIAL CONCEPT AND HOW
ARE WE MEASURING STRUCTURAL
RACISM AND CHALLENGING RACIAL
HIERARCHY AND THIS WAS PUT
FOURTH BY Dr. COLLINS, AND
CHANDRA FORD AND THEY OFFERED
TRAININGS AS WELL.
SO NOW WE'RE BACK AT
INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS, I
TALKED ABOUT THIS IN TERMS OF
HOW IS IT THAT WE CAN UTILIZE
THESE FRAMEWORKS TO BETTER
UNDERSTAND THE WHY.
AND INTERSECTIONALITY IS A
QUALITATIVE FRAMEWORK DEVELOPED
BY KIMBERLEY CRENSHA CRENSHAW, I WON'T
GET INTO THE WEEDS ABOUT IT BUT
IT OPPOSED ANALYTIC SYSTEMS THAT
TREATS ISOLATION AS
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK
WOMEN COULD BE EXPRESSED SIMPLY
A MISOGYNY AND RACISM AND WE
KNOW IT'S NOT TRUE.
THERE'S A CARRIAGE, HELPS THE
WHITE WOMAN OUT AND PUTS THE
JACKET DOWN AND SHE DOESN'T STEP
IN THE PUDDLER AN PUT AND YES YOU ARE A
WOMAN BUT YOU ARE A BLACK WOMAN
SO AGAIN WHEN YOU ARE AT THAT
INTERSECTION, YOU ARE TREATED
DIFFERENTLY, THE OPPRESSION IS
RIGHT THERE IN YOUR FACE AND YOU
ARE LEFT TO WONDER, YOU KNOW,
WHAT ABOUT ME?
RIGHT.
PATRICIA HILL COLLINS PURPORTS -- THEY
SHAPE EACH OTHER.
SEE THEY'RE NOT JUST SITTING
THERE STATIC JUST BOOM, THEY ALL
SHAPE EACH OTHER.
I AM A BLACK WOMAN ALL DAY.
MY BLACKNESS SHAPES MY WOMENNESS
AND ALL THE STUFF ALL THE TIME.
AND Dr. LISA BOWLEG, WHEN YOU
BLENDED THE CAKE, YOU CAN'T TAKE
THE PARTS BACK TO THE MAIN
INGREDIENT.
WE ARE ALREADY MIXED IN THE
CAKE.
I'M IN THE CAKE.
I'M THE CAKE, YOU CAN'T SEPARATE
THE TWO FROM ONE ANOTHER.
BUT THERE'S ALWAYS SOME
CRITICISM, THIS IS WHAT WE DO IN
RESEARCH AND IT'S OK TO BE
CRITICAL.
IT'S A QUALITYTATIVE ANALYTIC
FRAMEWORK SO THEY HAVE AMBIGUOUS
OR LACKING DEFINED GOALS WHICH I
HAVE AN ISSUE WITH AND IT'S
BASED IN STANDPOINT THEORY
CRITICS SAY THE FOCUS ON
SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES MIGHT
LEAD TO CONTRADICTIONS SO YOU DO
SYMPTOMATIC CODING, THESE ARE
THE THEMES AND THIS IS MY
INTERPRETATION OF WHAT THEY NEED
WELL MY INTERPRETATION IS
SOMETHING DIFFERENT.
RIGHT.
SO, ALTHOUGH IT'S RIGOROUS,
CRITICS OR CRITICIZING WHETHER
OR NOT THE VALIDITY I WILL SAY
OF WHAT THE FINDINGS ARE TELLING
YOU, RIGHT.
IT'S OPEN FOR INTERPRETATION.
QUANTITIVE METHODS IN RESEARCH
ARE OPEN FOR INTERPRETATION,
RIGHT.
I FIND IT PROBLEMATIC THE
FRAMEWORK IS LESS RIGOROUS, IT
ALLOWS US TO DEEPEN OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF LIVED
EXPERIENCES OF BLACK WOMEN.
WITH WE GET DEEP, NOW IT'S A
PROBLEM, OK.
EXAMINING REPRODUCTIVE INJUSTICE
WHICH IS RIGHTS IN THE ABSENCE
OF SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR WOMEN OF
COLOR, REQUIRES WE UNDERSTAND
THE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN IN THE
HEALTHCARE SPACE.
AND SOME OF THAT MEANS THAT
WE'RE GOING TO CENTER THE
VOICES, I NEED YOU TO HEAR MY
VOICE.
IN PUBLIC-HEALTH AND RESEARCH,
WE FOCUS ON STATISTICAL
SIGNIFICANCE WHICH IS RIGOROUS
AND I GET IT AND I DO IT THAT'S
WHAT I DO.
HOWEVER, THERE'S OFTEN SILENT
AVENUE FIRMATIONS OF BLACK WOMEN
THAT WE'RE UNABLE TO CAPTURE
QUANTITIVELY SO I THINK ABOUT
ARTISTIC EXPRESSION, THEY ARE
OUTCOMES AND EXPOSURES THAT WE
SEEK TO QUANTIFY, IT COULD BE A
STANCE OR THE WAY I LOOK AT YOU
WHEN YOU WALK DOWN THE STREET
AND I GIVE YOU THE NOD, BOOM,
THAT'S LANGUAGE AND IT'S
SOMETHING.
HOW DO WE QUANTIFY THAT AND PUT
THAT REALITY OF PEOPLE'S
EXPERIENCES IN THE RESEARCH
SPACE?
A FOCUS GROUPS.
WOMEN SPEAK ON WHAT THEIR ISSUES
ARE IN WAYS THAT THEY HAVE
DEVELOPED TO MITIGATE THEM.
THIS GIVES THEM POWER.
GIVES THEM POWER TO SAY, WHAT
YOU HAVE TO SAY MATTERS.
HOWEVER YOU WANT TO SAY IT, IT
MATTERS.
WHETHER OR NOT IT'S A
QUESTIONNAIRE OR WHATEVER, YOU
WANT TO SPEAK AND DO PHOTO VOICE
WHAT'S IS IT WE WANT TO DO.
THERE ARE FRAMEWORKS TO GROUND
RESEARCH FORM OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
AND HEALTH LENSE.
IT'S TRANCE DISCIPLINE TARRY SO
WE NEED PEOPLE EVERYWHERE.
WE NEED PEOPLE IN HISTORY AND
SOCIAL SCIENCES, PSYCHOLOGY,
PUBLIC-HEALTH, COMMUNICATIONS,
EVERYWHERE, IT'S A RACE EQUITY
GROUNDED IN SOCIAL JUSTICE SO
CRITICAL RACE THEORIES TOOLS FOR
RESEARCH WILL DO WHAT?
' EXPAND THE VOCABULARY WHICH
WHICH TO DISCUSSION COMPLEX
RACIAL CONCEPTS AND THE SAME
THING THAT PHCRP PURPORTS TO DO.
WHEN YOU LOOK THE THE PYRAMID TO
THE RIGHT, WE SEE OVERT WHITE
SUPREMACY, THOSE ARE THE THINGS
THAT NO ONE WILL TAKE AND WE
COVERT WHITE SUPREMACY.
THIS IS NOT IN YOUR FACE.
SOME OF THESE THINGS ARE THE
SYSTEM LEV THINGS, AT PLAY AND
THAT ARE JUST COVERT AND UNDER
THE RADAR.
HISTORICAL TRAUMA THEORY.
I'LL TALK ABOUT THEORIES WE CAN
UTILIZE AS RESEARCHERS AS
COMMUNITY ADD VERY SKITS AND TO
HELP PUSH THE SCIENCE FORWARD IF
WE REALLY WANT TO FRAME AND
SITUATE THE ISMS IN A WAY TO
UNDERSTAND HOW THINGS ARE THE
WAY THEY ARE.
IT'S A COLLECTIVE AND CUMULATIVE
EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL WOUNDING
ACROSS GENERATIONS THAT RESULTS
FROM, LISTEN TO THIS, MASSIVE
CATACLASMIC EVENTS.
WE'RE NOT TALK ABOUT JUST EVENT
OH IT HAPPENED.
CATALYSE MICK, IT'S MASSIVE,
RIGHT.
IT'S HELD IN TRANSMITTED OVER
GENERATIONS.
SO WOMEN ARE CARRYING TRAUMA IN
THEIR WOMB, CARRYING THE TRAUMA
FROM THEIR FOR MOTHERS, THEY
DON'T KNOW THESE PEOPLE BUT
THEY'RE CARRYING THE TRAUMA
THROUGH GENERATIONS.
THIS IS A PROBLEM.
FOLKS WHO NEVER ACTUALLY
EXPERIENCED THE EVENT FEEL THE
EFFECTS AND FOLKS WHO HAVE
BENEFITED FROM THE EFFECTS, FEEL
THE EFFECTS, RIGHT.
SO PEOPLE ARE LIKE WHY ARE YOU
MAD AT ME, I I'M NOT THE ONE
THAT DID IT.
WELL YOU ARE BENEFITING FROM
YOUR FOR FATHERS AND MOTHERS DID
THAT AND SO NOW, WE HAVE TO SORT
OF UNTANGLE THOSE REALITIES.
MANY AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN HAVE
BEEN SUBJECT TODAY THIS TRAUMA
IN MANY WAYS SUCH AS BEING KNOWN
FOR THE MOTHER, LIKE NURTURING
ROLES, NOT JUST IN THE HOME BUT
AT THE JOB, I KNOW SOME OF US
GET THIS ALL THE TIME, BEING THE
MADE, A MA'AMY A SLAVE, YOUR
ROLES IN SOCIETY AND AT WORK AND
IN THE FAMILY.
IN ADDITION, THREE OTHER AREAS
AID IN THE THEORY THAT COME TO
LIE.
PSYCHOSOCIAL, WE HAVE OUR SOCIAL
ECOLOGICAL Dr. KRIEGER, AND
THEN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
THEORIES, ALL PLAY PART IN THE
MAKE UP OF THIS THEORY.
TRANCE DISCIPLINARYISM, I TRIED
TO PUT THAT IN THERE AND IT WAS
RED, IT'S CRITICAL TO MOVING THE
NEEDLE.
PSYCHOLOGICAL, MEANS DISEASE TO
BOTH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
STRESS, STEMMING FROM THE SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT SO IN THIS
FRAMEWORK, PSYCHOSOCIAL
STRESSORS CREATE SUSCEPTIBLE AND
THEY ARE A PATHOGENIC MECHANISM
THAT EFFECTS BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
IN THE BODY SO WE KNOW THIS
CELLULAR AGING, ALL OF THESE
THINGS WHEN PEOPLE ARE UNDER
DURESS, DEEP EPIGENETICS.
YOU ARE MARKED IN THE WOMB,
SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL THE MULTI
LEVEL DYNAMICS IN INTER
DEPENDENCIES OF PAST PRESENT AND
LIFE COURSE FACTORS.
IN DISEASE CAUSATION AND I THINK
ABOUT MY COLLEAGUE, Dr.
NATALIE SLOGAN AND MY COURSE
THINGS AND POLITICAL AND
ECONOMIC HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN
THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING HOW AND
WHY CERTAIN POPULATIONS HAVE A
HIGHER BURDEN DISEASE THAN
OTHERS.
A MARK ROW LEVEL AND FRAMEWORK
FOR EXAMINING HOW THE LIFE
COURSE OF A POPULATION EXPOSED
TO TRAUMA AT A PARTICULAR POINT
IN TIME COMPARES TO THAT OF
UNEXPOSED SO WE HAVE EXPOSED,
UNEXPOSED AND EPI AND THINGS.
UNDERPINNINGS, MASS TRAUMA
DELIBERATELY AND SYSTEMATICALLY
INFLICTED ON A TARGET POPULATION
BUT DOMINANT POPULATION AND
ENSLAVEMENT, LAWS THAT PROHIBIT
FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, REPRESSION
OF CULTURAL EXPRESSION, ALL OF
THESE THINGS.
IT'S NOT LIMIT TODAY A SINGLE
EVENT BUT CONTINUES OVER AN
EXTENDED PERIOD.
TRAUMATIC EVENTS ROW VERB RATE
THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION AND
CREATE A UNIVERSAL EXPERIENCE OF
TRAUMA.
AGAIN, I MIGHT LIVE IN A HOUSE
THAT THINGS ARE OK BUT I LIVE IN
AN AREA WHERE WE ARE
TRAUMATIZED.
SO WHETHER OR NOT I EXPERIENCE
THE TRAUMA MYSELF, IT CREATES
COMMUNITY TRAUMA.
AND POPULATION TRAUMA.
AND THE MAGNITUDE OF TRAUMA
EXPERIENCED DERAILS THE -- THIS
IS THE PART THAT MAKES IT, IT
DERAILS THE POPULATION FROM ITS
NATURAL, WE'RE SUPPOSED TO BE
GREAT.
FROM ITS NATURAL PROJECTED HISS
TORQUAL COURSE, RESULTING IN A
LEGACY OF PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC DISPARITIES THAT
PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS.
THINGS HAVE BEEN DONE THAT I
DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE UNDOING IT.
I THINK THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING
TO DO.
IT'S INHERENT IN CULTURAL
TRADITION.
TRAUMA THEY AR THEY ARE -- IT VALIDATES IN ALIGN
ITSELF WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND
EXPLANATORY MODEL OF AFFECTS
POPULATIONS AND RECOGNIZES
ISSUES OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND
AGENCY.
IT CREATES AN EMOTIONAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL RELEASE FROM BLAME
AND GUILT ABOUT HEALTH STATUS.
WHAT ARE YOU DOING WRONG?
WHY ARE YOU SICK IN IT REMOVES
THAT.
I'M PART OF A SYSTEM, RIGHT,
THAT WE ITERATE AND REINFORCES
THE STATUS QUO.
IT EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS AND
COMMUNITIES TO ADDRESS THE ROOT
CAUSES OF POOR HEALTH AND ALLOWS
FOR CAPACITY BUILDING.
UNIQUE TO CULTURE, COMMUNITY AND
SOCIAL STRUCTURE.
CULTURAL BETRAYAL TRAUMA THEORY
SO TRAUMA VICTIMIZATION HAS
HARMFUL EFFECTS ON BOTH PHYSICAL
AND MENTAL HEALTH AND IN A NON
PATH APOLOGIZINPATH -- IT OFFERS ONE PARAD IGM
THAT CONCEPTUALIZES ABUSE IN THE
RELATIONSHIP IT OCCURS.
THIS IS USED WHEN WE THINK ABOUT
PARTNER VIOLENCE, BUT WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT RELATIONAL POWER
DYNAMICS, RIGHT.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE,
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.
IT'S POSSIBLE THAT TRAUMA
OUTCOMES CAN BE FURTHER
EXPLAINED BY INCORPORATING
ASPECTS OF THE LARGER
SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT SO SOME
MEMBERS OF MINORTIZIED
POPULATIONS WE HAVE AN INTRA
CULTURAL TRUST WITH OTHER
PERCEIVED MINORTIZIED MEMBERS
THROUGH FUNCTIONING AS A BUFFER
AGAINST INEQUALITY AND BELIEVES
MAY BE LIKE TRUST WITHIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND SO FAR THAT IT
CREATES A VULNERABILITY FOR THE
BETRAYAL THAT EFFECTS TRAUMA SEE
QUELL A.
IT IS WHAT IS CALLED CULTURAL
BETRAYAL TRAUMA THEY ARE SEE.
MISTRUST IS OK, WE KNOW ABOUT
THIS, I DON'T TRUST YOU, THAT'S
THAT.
DISTRUST IS, NO, YOU DID
SOMETHING TO ME SPECIFICALLY AND
I DON'T TRUST YOU.
RIGHT.
SO WE HAVE TO DIFFERENTIATE
BETWEEN THOSE TWO THINGS AS
WELL.
ANTI OPPRESSIVE PUBLIC-HEALTH
PRACTICE IS WHAT WE NEED TO
ENGAGE IN.
IT'S A FORMER PRACTICE THAT HAS
RESULTED IN HISTORICAL TRA A SO
WE'RE BACK AT HISTORICAL TRAUMA.
WITHIN THE FIELD OF
PUBLIC-HEALTH, SOCIAL JUSTICE
ORIENTED PRACTICE HAPPENS IN A
NUMBER OF WAYS.
WHICH INCLUDES EDUCATION,
CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING AMONG
INVESTIGATORS AND PARTICIPANTS
AND IT'S NOT JUST US, IT'S THE
PEOPLE THAT WE WORK WITH.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
BASED INTERVENTIONS THAT CENTER
AROUND FEMINISM AND WOMENNISM,
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,
ORGANIZING, POLITICAL ACTIVISM,
ORGANIZING AROUND POLICY
CHANGES, WORLD PEACE AND THE
DEVELOP.
SOCIAL SYSTEMS BASED ON FAIRNESS
AND SOCIAL JUSTICE THAT SOUNDS
POLLYANNA, BUT WE NEED TO START
WORKING SO THAT WE CAN GET
THERE, RIGHT.
NO OPPRESSION.
ANTI-OPPRESSIVE PUBLIC-HEALTH
PRACTICE IS A PROMISING AND
EXCITING APPROACH TO THE
COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
THAT RESULT IN HEALTH
INEQUITIES.
IT RECOGNIZES THE CONTEXT OF
MULTIPLE OPPRESSIONS AND
RESPONSE TO THE GROWING NEED FOR
FUNDAMENTAL REORGANIZATION AT
ALL LEVELS OF SOCIETY SO I THINK
ABOUT THE SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL
FRAMEWORK OF ALL THE CIRCLES AND
ALL OF THE LEVELS OF SEW TIE TEE
WITHIN THE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY
SPACE AND -- THIS INCLUDES THE
PERSPECTIVE OF DIASPORA BLACK
WOMEN, AFRICAN AMERICAN,
AFRICAN, AFRO CARIBBEAN, AFRO
LATINA.
POST COLONIAL THEORY GIVES
INSIGHTS INTO THE STRUGGLES OF
COLONIZED PEOPLE TO RECOVER FROM
THE EFFECTS OF COLONIZATION
INCLUDING SLAVERY.
ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION, WAR
DISEASE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF
CULTURAL IDENTITY IS
SPIRITUALALITY AND IF FOR
GROUNDS THE HISTORY AND CURRENT
ISSUES CAUSED BY COLONIZATION
AND THE NEED FOR
SELF-DETERMINATION AND
SELF-GOVERNING AND UTILIZING
CULTURAL WORLD VIEWS AND
CRITICAL IS IT CENTERS THE
EXPERIENCESES AND VOICES OF THE
PEOPLE THAT IT AIMS TO IMPACT.
HUMAN CENTERED RESEARCH DESIGN.
WE HAVE CBPR WE KNOW THIS AND
BOTH PEOPLE CENTERED AND
COMPLIMENTARY.
SO WE HAVE NOTION OF EMPOWER.
, EDUCATION AND CRITICAL
CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE 70s.
IT'S INTERESTE CENTERED ON INTENTIONAL
RELATIONSHIPS AND ACADEMIC AND
COMMUNITY PARTNERS AND INCLUDES
CO LEARNING, MUTUAL BENEFITS AND
LONG-TERM COMMITMENT.
IT'S A CYCLICAL ITERATIVE
PROCESS THAT INCLUDES BUILDING
PARTNERSHIPS, WE KNOW, ENGAGING
STAKEHOLDERS, COMMUNITY
ASSESSMENT.
PROBLEM DEVIL'S AND ALL OF THESE WE'RE NOT JUST ENGAGING
STAKEHOLDERS OR WORKING WITH
COMMUNITIES, WE'RE WORKING IN
COMMUNITIES.
IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO SAY I WORK
WITH PARTS OF HAND AND I'LL
COLLECT DATA AND BEING A SITE
WHERE I DO MY RESEARCH IS NOT
WORKING WITHIN THE COMMUNITY.
WE NEED TO WORK WITH THE PEOPLE.
THAT INCLUDES A WOMAN AT THE
FRONT DESK, THAT INCLUDES THE
PEOPLE, THE WOMAN WHO IS HELPING
DO THINGS AT THE CENTER OR
WHATEVER THE ORGANIZATION IS.
SO WITH HCD, THIS SAY REPEATABLE
CREATIVE APPROACH TO PROBLEM
SOLVING THAT BRINGS TOGETHER
WHAT IS DESIRABLE, FROM OUR
VIEWPOINT, WITH WHAT IS
TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE AND
ECONOMICALLY VIABLE.
SO WE THINK ABOUT CREATING A CAB
OF DIVERSE STAKEHOLDERS.
ADULTS IN YOUTH AND ORGANIZE
THREE INTERACTIVE COMMUNITY
FORUMS AND USE HUMAN-CENTERS
DESIGN ACTIVITIES IT CAN BE
DRAWING, PHOTO JOURNALLY,
CONVERSATION STARTERS, TO BETTER
UNDERSTAND COMMUNITY MEMBERS
NEEDS AND BARRIERS AND THEN CO
DE SIGN POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS AND
INTERVENTIONS TO DOUGH CREASE
THE OUT AND AND STRENGTHEN THE
COMMUNITY USING OTHER ACTIVITIES
LIKE STORY BOARDING.
IT CAN DEVELOP IDEAS FOR
IMPLEMENTATION IN A LARGER
COMMUNITY LEVEL AND CONTEXT.
STORYTELLING.
THIS IS THERAPEUTIC MODALITY.
CENTERS THE EXPERIENCES OF
WOMEN.
STORIES WERE TOLD TO CONVEY LIFE
LESSON, MORALITY AND HOPE AND
TRADITIONS AND IT'S AN ARTFORM
THAT TRANSCENDED THROUGH
GENERATIONS AND DESPITE
POPULARLY AND IT'S A WAY TO
CONNECT THE PAST WITH THE
PRESENT AND THE FUTURE AND
ENGAGES REMINDS FUTURE
GENERATIONS OF THEIR PLACE IN
HISTORY.
AND I THINK OF FOCUS GROUPS,
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT AND ORAL
HISTORY OF PEOPLE, IT WOULD BE
WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV.
SO HOW DO WE CREATE IT DOPE
PUBLIC-HEALTH FUTURE.
LET ME SAY DOPE.
IT'S A WORD THAT IS USED TO
DESCRIBE JUST ABOUT ANYTHING
THAT IS GOOD IN LIFE.
GOOD NEWS, I SAID A SICK TRICK,
I'M THINKING ABOUT SKATE
BOARDING, ALL RIGHT 6789 A NICE
SPORTS CAR, WHATEVER THE THING
IS IS DOPE.
ALSO ONE OF THE MOST CASUAL AND
SATISFYING WORDS IN MODERN
SLANG.
IT CAN BE USED TO INTENSITY
WHERE AS, YOU KNOW, CASUAL,
THAT'S DOPE.
OR IT CAN BE LIKE THAT IS SUPER
HYPE, RIGHT.
THAT'S MEGA HYPE.
ANYTHING, IT'S DOPE.
WINNING HASHTAG WINNING, IT'S A
GOOD THING.
HOW DO WE CREATE A DOPE
PUBLIC-HEALTH FUTURE?
HOW DO WE GET THERE WITH THIS
GOODNESS, IT'S A GOOD THING.
NOTHING ABOUT US WITHOUT US.
WE NEED TO BE REMINDED AND
DEMAND THAT PUBLIC-HEALTH
RESEARCH BE REIN-VISIONED AS
JOY.
AND HOPE INFORMED, NOT JUST
TRAUMA INFORMED.
WE CAN'T FORGIVE THE TRAUMA
BECAUSE IT'S THERE.
BUT WE'VE GOT TO TALK ABOUT SOME
STRENGTHS THAT WE HAVE GOT.
NOT JUST RISK BUT RESILIENCE.
NOT JUST SURVIVING BUT THRIVING.
DATA COLLECTION AND IN
INTERVIEWS AND INTERPRETATION,
AND IMPLICATIONS, INTERVENTIONS,
ALL OF THESE THINGS.
SO I WRITE FOR YOUNG GIRLS OF
COLOR.
FOR GIRLS WHO DON'T EVEN EXIST
YET SO THAT THERE'S SOMETHING
FOR THEM, THERE'S SOMETHING
THERE FOR THEM WHEN THEY A
ROUGH.
THEY'RE NOT EVEN HERE YET.
BUT I WRITE FOR THOSE GIRLS.
WE DO RESEARCH FOR THOSE GIRLS.
WE DON'T RESEARCH FOR THOSE
WOMEN.
SO THAT THERE'S SOMETHING HERE
FOR THEM WHEN THEY A ARRIVE,
WHATEVER THEY A ARRIVE.
IN THE RESEARCH SPACE, IN LIFE,
IN THE COMMUNITY.
BLACK FEMINISM IS THE KEY TO
WIDENING THE LENS OF SOCIAL
JUSTICE TO MITIGATING
PUBLIC-HEALTH CRISIS, WE'RE IN A
CRISIS.
TO HELP EQUITY AND REPRODUCTIVE
JUSTICE AND YOU SEE THAT LITTLE
THING THERE, PERIOD.
THAT'S THE END OF IT.
WORKING TOGETHER, BECAUSE BLACK
WOMEN'S HEALTH IS EVERYONE'S
HEALTH.
MOVEMENTS SUCH AS ANTI RACISM,
DECOLLIZATION, DISABILITY
RIGHTS, LGBTQ IA2S PLUS RIGHTS
AND CLIMATE JUSTICE.
ENVIROMENTAL SOCIAL JUSTICE AS
WELL.
TO WORK ALONGSIDE MOVEMENTS FOR
GENDER EQUITY.
PARTNERSHIPS AND COALITIONS, WE
LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER.
AND WE ALL HOLD THE KEY.
SPEAKING OF REPRODUCTIVE, I KNOW
I'M NOT SUPPOSED TO DO IT.
BIRTHING JUSTICE IS A
DOCUMENTARY THAT WAS WRITTEN BY
MONIQUE MATTHEWS.
ONE OF MY SORORITY SISTERS PROD
IN THE WOMEN IN THE WOMB
PRODUCTIONS AND THIS IS THE
WEBSITE.
YOU HAVE TO DO IS GO THERE.
IT WAS SHOWN A FEW WEEKS AGO,
IT'S A PHENOMENAL, PHENOMENAL
DOCUMENTARY ABOUT MATERNAL,
BLACK MATERNAL MORTALITY AND
WHAT WE NEED TO DO IN TERMS OF
LEGISLATION SO THAT WE CAN
ACTUALLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON
WOMEN'S LIVES SO THAT WE DON'T
SEE WOMEN DYING, EVEN A YEAR OUT
POSTPARTUM.
WE HAVE TO BE THE CHANGE WE WANT
TO SEE.
IF YOU WANT TO SHOW THE DOCUMENT
TREE TO YOURSELF, YOUR FAMILY OR
YOUR COMMUNITY, YOUR
PARTICIPANTS, YOURSELVES,
WHATEVER, THEN YOU CAN ACTUALLY
REQUEST TO SHOW THE DOCUMENTARY
IF THAT SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD
LIKE.
THESE ARE MY ACKNOWLEDGES AND
REFERENCES.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
MY ANCESTORS, BLACK WOMEN
EVERYWHERE, MONIQUE MATH US MY MOM THE DOP EST
BLACK WOMAN THAT I KNOW.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, Dr.
DYER.
THAT WAS REALLY INSPIRING IF WE
COULD HAVE ALL THREE OF OUR
PLENARY SPEAKERS COME ON CAMERA.
AND WE DO HAVE SOME TIME FOR A
PANEL DISCUSSION.
AND WE HAVE RECEIVED LOTS OF
GREAT QUESTIONS THROUGH THE Q&A
AND I ENCOURAGE FOLKS TO
CONTINUE SUBMITTING THOSE
THROUGH THE FEEDBACK FORM ON
VIDEO CAST OR IN THE Q&A HERE.
AND SO, RONNA, DO YOU WANT TO
TAKE THE FIRST QUESTION.
>> SURE.
ABSOLUTELY.
AND THANK YOU TO ALL THREE OF
OUR PLENARY SPEAKERS.
WHAT AN AMAZING GROUP OF TALKS.
SO LET'S START WITH ONE THAT I
THINK IS RELEVANT TO ALL THREE
OF THE TALKS THAT WE HEARD
TODAY.
THERE WAS A QUESTION ABOUT
HISTORIC ALEHISTORICAL EMBODIMENT AND SO
THIS PERSON WAS WONDERING, WHAT
YOUR THOUGHTS ARE ABOUT WAYS TO
STUDY THAT TRANCE GENERATIONAL
TRAUMA THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH
RACISM AND SEXISM AND IS
EMBODIED AT THE INTERSECTION OF
SEX AND GENDER DYNAMICS.
AND IN PARTICULAR, THE QUESTION
WAS INTERESTED IN, YOU KNOW, HOW
TO STUDY THIS AMONG BLACK OR
AFRICAN AMERICAN AND INDIGENOUS
POPULATIONS?
>> I WOULD BE HAPPY TO SPEAK A
LITTLE.
TO THAT QUESTION IF THAT'S
ACCEPTABLE.
>> SO, I THINK IT'S REALLY
IMPORTANT BUILDING ON WHAT WAS
SAID IN THE OTHER TWO SPEAKERS
TALKS TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN
THE HISTORIES THAT SHAPE THE
CURRENT CONDITIONS OF WHICH
PEOPLE LIVE AND THE INJUSTICES
VERSUS THE ASSUMING THAT ALL OF
THAT IS ACTUALLY INHERITED
BIOLOGICALLY FROM ONE GENERATION
TO THE NEXT IN TERM OF ACTUAL
GENETIC MATERIAL AND WHAT'S IN
THE PROVERBIAL EGGS AND SPERM.
I THINK THAT THERE'S A LOT OF
WORK IN EP DEGENETICS NOW, I'M
ENGAGE IN SOME WORK AND I THINK
IT'S REALLY CRITICAL TO
UNDERSTAND THERE'S A DIFFERENCE,
WHEN A CELL, A BODY CELL
REPLICATES AND MAKES ONE LIVER
CELL BECOMES THE NEXT LIVER CELL
IT STAYS A LIVER CELL.
IT'S CONTROL OF THE EXPRESSION
OF WHICH GENES THAT KEEP IT A
LIVER CELL AND NOT BECOMING
SOMETHING ELSE, UNFORTUNATELY,
ESPECIALLY IF YOU DO SOMETHING
LIKE GET CANCER.
THAT'S REALLY DIFFERENT THAN
WHAT HAPPENS IN MYOSIS AND
MYOSIS, THERE'S A REAL -- THAT'S
VERY CAREFUL TO HAVE ACTUALLY
ALL OF THE CHROMOSOME, IT CUTS
OFF FROM THE DNA IN THE SPERM
AND THE EGG AND IT'S VERY
UNLIKELY THERE'S A EVIDENCE THAT
IS PRETTY WEAK THAT THERE'S
DIRECT EPI GENETIC INHERITANCE
THROUGH WHAT HAPPENS WITH GEMES.
BEING A GUEST TATING ORGANISM IS
NOT SUBJECT TO THE CONTINUES IN
WHICH THAT PERSON OR BEAK IS
GUESS TATING, WHATEVER THE
SPECIES IS.
SO YOU HAVE A CONDITION WHERE
THE PERSON WHO IS PREGNANT HAS
EXHIBITED AND IS UNDER DURESS
HAS EXPERIENCE KINDS OF BAD
PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS,
THOSE CAN DIRECTLY AFFECT THE
PREGNANCY AND WHAT HAPPENS, BUT
THAT IS NOT THE SAME AS GENETIC
INHERITANCE SO I THINK IT'S
REALLY PORT ANTS TO GET BACK TO
WHAT IS SOCIAL INTERRANCE AND
WHAT IS ACTUALLY BIOLOGICAL
INTER ITSANCE, HAVING SAID THAT,
WHAT IS IMPORTANT IS TO
UNDERSTAND THE COMPOUNDING OF
HISTORICAL INEQUITY.
YOU HAVE A POPULATION THAT WAS
MADE TO PROVIDE LABOR FOR FREE
THROUGH ENSLAVEMENT OR
DISPOSSESSION FROM THEIR LANDS
THAT HAS STRUCTURING OF
POSSIBILITIES FOR WEALTH AND
DEPRIVATION AND OPPRESSION AND
HARM ACROSS GENERATIONS, EACH OF
THOSE MOMENTS WILL EFFECT THE
BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS THAT
CONCEIVE AND GROW UP IN THOSE
MOMENTS BUT IT'S NOT DIRECT
INTER DISTANCE.
SO IN GERMS OF GERM LINE
INHERITANCE SO IT'S CLEAR IN THE
DISTINCTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THAT
IS WHAT THE POWER IS OF
FRAMEWORK OF EMBODIMENT.
OF UNDERSTANDING THAT THAT BEING
AT THAT MOMENT WHETHER IT'S
GUESS TATING OR GROWING, WHETHER
IT SURVIVES WITH PREGNANCY AND
WHETHER ET CETERA, ET CETERA, IT
WILL EMBODY THE SOCIETAL CONTEXT
INTO WHICH IT'S BORN WHICH IS
THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT BUT TO
KEEP THAT DISTINCT FROM THINKING
IT'S DIRECT INHERITED GERM LINE
INHERITED BECAUSE IT'S PROBABLY
NOT ACCURATE.
AND THERE'S SUCH A LONG HISTORY
OF WANTING TO HAVE A FRAMING
THAT COMES OUT OF RACIST
SCIENCE, SEXIST SCIENCE THAT IS
ESSENTIALIST THAT ASSUMES THAT
PEOPLE ARE FUNDAMENTALLY AND
OTHER ORGANISMS TOO, WHAT THEIR
GENES ARE AND THAT IS THE
INHERITANCE THAT MATTERS AND
THAT COMPLETELY AGAIN MISSES THE
POINT THAT WE'RE ALWAYS
INTRINSICALLY INHERENTLY EMERGE
ENTER IN BODY PHENOTYPES, THAT'S
THE ONLY WAY WE CAN EXIST.
>> THANK YOU, Dr. KRIEGER.
Dr. DYER --
>> I HAVE NOTHING TO A I WAS
JUST GOING TO SORT OF ADD TO
THAT IN TERMS OF WHAT Dr.
KRIEGER WAS SAYING IN TERMS OF
THE EMBODIMENT OF THESE
EXPERIENCES IS ALSO HAVING AN
UNDERSTANDING THAT THE
EXPERIENCES VARY, RIGHT.
AND SO, MY EXPERIENCE, YOU KNOW,
AS A BLACK WOMAN WHO IS A
DESCENDANT OF SLAVES, ET CETERA,
ET CETERA, PROBABLY LOOKS A LOT
DIFFERENT FROM SOMEONE WHO IS
JUST, AGAIN, THERE'S VARIANCE,
RIGHT, WITHIN THE RACIAL SPACE.
RIGHT AND SO I THINK WHEN WE'RE
THINKING ABOUT THE WAYS THAT
THESE STRUCTURAL SORT OF
MANIFESTATIONS OF RACISM AND
SEXISM AND CLASSISM AND ALL
THESISMS, THE IMPACT THAT THEY
HAVE ON INDIVIDUALS LIVES IF YOU
THINK ABOUT FROM A COMMUNITY
PERSPECTIVE, THERE'S VARIANCE SO
IT'S NOT A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL AND
I THINK THAT Dr. KRIEGER WAS
SAYING, MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND
THERE'S THE BIOLOGICAL AND THE
SOCIAL MANIFESTATION AND THE
SOCIAL EMBODY OFMENT OF THINGS
AND THAT THAT MEANS IN TERMS OF
WHAT IT IS THAT WE SEE IN THE
DATA AND WHAT WE SEE WHEN WE'RE
ASKING PEOPLE TO TELL US ABOUT
THEIR HISTORY OF YOU KNOW,
WHATEVER TREATMENT IN THE
HEALTHCARE SETTING OR WHATEVER
THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES ARE, ET
CETERA, ET CETERA.
SO JUST UNDERSTANDING THAT AND
IT'S NOT JUST ONE THING AND YOU
APPLY IT LIKE THAT, IT'S AN
UNDERRING OF IT'S APPLICABILITY
AND THE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT YOU
CAN APPLY IT IN THE RESEARCH
SPHERE AND ALSO IN TERMS OF YOUR
PRACTICE.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SO, THERE'S ALSO A THEMATIC
QUESTION AND IT WAS SPECIFICALLY
FOR Dr. HOMAN YOU CAN ANSWER
BUT THINK I IT MIGHT APPLY TO
BOTH OF YOUR TALKS WHICH WAS
THANK YOU FOR JUST SUCH A GREAT
OVERVIEW AND ASKING WHAT ARE
YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEOPLE
WHO WANT TO GET INTO THIS TYPE
OF GENDER ORIENTED RESEARCH BUT
CAN'T GET ANOTHER DOCTORAL
DEGREE?
JUST SOME TOOLS AND RESOURCES
THAT ANY OF YOU CAN RECOMMEND,
SPECIFIC TO EACH OF YOUR TALKS
AND THE FOCUS OF EACH OF YOUR
TALKS THAT MIGHT HELP FOLKS WHO
ARE PARTICIPATING TODAY BE ABLE
TO MOVE INTO INCORPORATING SOME
OF THE REALLY IMPORTANT
RECOMMENDATIONS THAT YOU EACH
HAVE MADE.
SO Dr. HOMAN IF YOU WANT TO
START THAT, WOULD BE GREAT.
>> SURE.
ACTUALLY LET ME START QUICKLY BY
ADDING TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
ABOUT JUST HOW MIGHT WE STUDY
INTER GENERATIONAL TRAUMA, LIKE
AS APPLIED TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM,
PERHAPS, I CAN THINK OF TWO WAYS
WHERE I MIGHT APPLY IT IN MY OWN
WORK AS A QUANTITIVE HEALTH
DISPARITIES SCHOLAR SO FIRST OF
ALL, WE HAVE NOT LOOKED AT THE
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND MANY BIRTH OUTCOMES.
THAT CAN AFFECT PEOPLE THROUGH
OUT THEIR WHOLE LIVES SO PRE
TERM BIRTH, NICU STAY, WE DO
KNOW, EVEN THOSE ASSOCIATIONS
YET SO THAT'S SORT OF ONE WAY
WHERE I SEE INTER GENERATIONAL
ISSUES AND THEN ALSO THERE ARE
DATASETS THAT HAVE PARENTS AND
CHILDREN IN THEM SO WE CAN LOOK
AT IS THERE A CORRELATION
BETWEEN THE KINDS OF SEXISM IN
THE ENVIRONMENTS THAT MOMS OR
DADS ARE EXPERIENCING AND WHAT
THEIR CHILDREN ARE SUBJECT TO
WHETHER IT'S SORT OF THE NORMS
AND BELIEFS THAT THE INDIVIDUAL
LEVEL OR WHETHER IT'S THE
INSTITUTIONS OR MARRIAGES THAT
THEY'RE A PART OF SO FOR
EXAMPLE, THE NLSY HAS A PARENT
AND A CHILD STUDY AND THAT'S
SOMETHING THAT COULD BE LOOKED
AT THERE.
IN TERMS OF RESOURCES FOR
GETTING INTO THIS KIND OF WORK
FOR FOLKS WHO ARE NEW, MY WOULD
SAY THAT IN ANY AREA THE BODY OF
RESEARCH IS SMALL.
IT'S NOT THAT OVERWHELMING.
LOOKING AT THE CITATION THIS IS
MY SLIDES IF I CAN SHARE THOSE
SOMEHOW, THOSE ARE A SUMMARY OF
LIKE, ALL THE MAJOR RECENT WORK
THAT SPECIFICALLY TAKES THIS
SORT OF STATE LEVEL IN
PARTICULAR, STRUCTURAL SEXISM
AND HEALTH PERSPECTIVE, SO I
THINK THAT'S A GOOD PLACE TO
START AND IT'S JUST LIKE
SURVEYING THOSE THAT GROUP OF
RESEARCH.
AND THEN OTHER THAN THAT, LIKE I
SAID, I HOPE THAT WE CAN DEVELOP
PUBLIC DATA RESOURCES THAT
ANYONE CAN ACCESS TO DO THIS
TYPE OF RESEARCH.
>> Dr. KRIEGER OR Dr. DYER.
NIPPING YOU WOULD LIKE TO ADD ON
THAT QUESTION ABOUT HOW FOLKS
MAY BE ALREADY ESTABLISHED IN
THIS CAREERS CA CARR CAREER CAN TAKE A PAG E
YOUR PLAYBOOK.
>> I WAS JUST GOING TO SAY LIKE,
I ALWAYS TELL PEOPLE IT'S AN
INTERESTING THING BECAUSE I
OFTEN FEEL THE SAME WAY LIKE, AM
I A SO AND SO RESEARCHER NOW
BECAUSE I DID THE ONE THING ONE
TIME.
YOU KNOW, SO THERE ARE A LOT OF,
I DON'T KNOW WHERE YOU ARE IN
YOUR CAREER SO FUR LIKE KIND OF
LATE-STAGE CREELATE-STAGE CAREER CAREER TH AT ARE
OFFERED.
WHERE MAYBE YOU CAN GET LIKE
MENTORSHIP AND I DON'T KNOW
WHERE YOU ARE IN YOUR CAREER,
HOWEVER.
BUT THOSE ARE OFTEN TIMES USEFUL
FOR FOLKS WHO MIGHT WANT TO DO A
MID-STAGE KIND OF SWITCH OR JUST
KIND OF ADD TO THEIR BODY OF
RESEARCH IF THEY'RE NOW
INTERESTED IN PULLING IN
SOMETHING MORE RELATED TO GENDER
OR SEXUAL GENDER, MINORTIZIED
POPULATION AND THEN JUST FOR
EVEN JUST REACHING OUT.
I THINK THAT WORKSHOPS LIKE
THIS, ARE WHAT THEY ARE FOR A
REASON, RIGHT SOLVE THAT CAN YOU
GET SOME UNDERSTANDING OF OK
THIS THIS IS THE BODY OF WORK
AND AND ANY PUBLIC USE DATASETS
WHERE YOU SAY I'M LOOKING AT
SOME MANU CRIST AND WAYS TO
BETTER MEASURE SOMETHING OR
OTHER AND THEN THAT MIGHT START
SORT OF THE BALL ROLLING WITH
RESPECT TO THIS PARTICULAR AREAS
OF RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD.
AND THEN OF COURSE,
COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AS WELL.
I WOULD OFFER BUILDING ON THE
PRIOR COMMENTS, I WOULD OFFER
TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF
SUGGESTIONS.
SO THE FIRST IS, IT'S CRITICAL
TO SITUATE ONCE SELF SOCIALLY
AND HISTORICALLY.
SO YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHO
YOU ARE IN YOUR SOCIETY, IN
TERMS OF POSITIONS OF PRIVILEGE,
POSITIONS OF NOT PRIVILEGE, AND
IN TERMS OF THEY'RE FOLLOWED ACKNOWLEDGED
NETWORKS TO ASK THE QUESTIONS
THAT YOU ARE INTERESTED IN
ASKING.
SO THERE'S NO QUESTIONS THAT ARE
BEING ASKED FROM SOME HAVE YOU
FROM NOWHERE IT'S ALWAYS FROM
SOMEWHERE.
AND YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND YOUR
SITUATED WITHIN THAT SECONDLY
YOU ALSO ALWAYS NEED TO THINK
WHO SHOULD DO WHAT GIVEN THE
RESEARCH YOU TO DO MAKE A
DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD.
THERE ARE PEOPLE REALLY IN MIND,
REORGANIZATIONS AND REAL PEOPLE
THAT CAN USE THE INFORMATION,
THE NEW KNOWLEDGE BEING
GENERATED BECAUSE PRESUMABLY
THIS IS IDENTIFYING, AND
RESOLVING KNOWLEDGE GAPS OR
TESTINTESTING AND RETESTING IN THE
SPIRIT OF REPLICATION IS THE
KNOWLEDGE VALID, DOES IT WORK IN
DIFFERENT GROUPS?
THAT'S ONE PART.
THE OTHER PART IS TO GET
GROUNDED IN HISTORY AND TO KNOW
THE HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM THAT
YOU ARE INTERESTED IN STUDYING
AND WORKING AND ALSO TO KNOW THE
HISTORY OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN
DOING WORK IN THIS AREA AND ALSO
TO KNOW THE HISTORY OF THE
PEOPLE THAT HAVE BEEN SHAPING
SOCIETAL INSTITUTIONS AND KINDS
OF SYSTEMS THAT WE'VE BEEN
DISCUSSING SO GETTING GROUNDED
IN SOCIAL HISTORY, OF THE
PROBLEMS AND THE SOCIETY TEE
ZOOSFUL AND THERE ARE PLENTY OF
BOOKS THAT CAN GIVE YOU SOME
GROUNDING AND HISTORY SO THAT
YOU DON'T START THINKING THIS IS
THE FIRST TIME PEOPLE HAVE EVER
ASKED SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS.
PART OF THE ISSUES, THESE
QUESTIONS AROUND GENDER
INEQUITIES AND HEALTH, THEY'VE
BEEN AROUND FOR CENTURIES AND
HAVE QUESTIONS OF RACIALIZED
INJUSTICE AND THE IMPACTS OF
ENSLAVEMENT, ET CETERA, WHETHER
THEY GET TRACTION AND RESOURCES
AND GET A WAY TO MAKE A
DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF ACTUAL
CHANGE IN SOCIETY, THAT'S
SEPARATE.
SO SOMETIMES IT BECOMES A VERY
OF ASKING, WHY DO THE PROBLEMS
PERSIST, NOT THAT THIS IS NOT
NOVEL.
COVID COMING ALONG AND PRESENTS
A NOVEMBER I WILL DISEASE BUT IT
PLAYS OUT IN WAYS THAT ARE VERY
PREDICTABLE AND NOW PLAYING OUT
IN SOME WAYS THAT WEREN'T SO
PREDICTED IN TERMS OF IMPACTS OF
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY WHETHER
PEOPLE GET VACCINATED OR NOT.
SO THERE ARE OLD CHALLENGE AND
NEW CHALLENGE AND IT HELPS BEING
GROUNDED IN UNDERSTANDING THAT
AND THE LAST THING IS THAT ALSO,
FROM WHAT AN EMBODY STANDPOINT
WOULD OFFER YOU TO THINK ABOUT
WHO IS IT YOU NEED TO TALK TO
GET A BIGGER PICTURE OF THE
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, EVERY GIVEN
STUDY IS ALWAYS ON A VERY
SPECIFIC QUESTION.
WHERE THERE'S A NEED FOR A
SPECIFIC ANSWER.
BUT IT' FRAMED.
YOU REALIZE WHO DO YOU NEED TO
GET A TALK TO TO GET A PURCHASE
ON THE WAYS OTHERS THINKS ABOUT
IT.
WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS OF
DISCIPLINES INSIDE PUBLIC-HEALTH
OR OUTSIDE OF PUBLIC-HEALTH.
WHAT ARE THE STRENGTH -TZ OF
WHAT YOU SEE COMING UP ALONG THE
LINES OF DIFFERENT JUSTICE
HEALTH ADD CRO VOW INDICATES ARE -- IT'S A DEEP COMMITMENT
TO CURIOSITY AND RIGOROUS
SCIENCE.
>> ON THAT NOTE, WE ARE AT THE
END OF OUR TIME, SLIGHTLY OVER.
THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR YOUR
GENEROUS WILLINGNESS TO STAY A
FEW MINUTES LATE.
BUT WE ARE OUT OF TIME FOR OUR
PANEL DISCUSSION AND WE WERE NOT
ABLE TO GET TO ALL OF THE
QUESTIONS HOWEVER, WE WILL BE
REVIEWING ANY QUESTIONS THAT
WERE NOT ANSWERED AND WE WILL DO
OUR BEST TO ADDRESS THEM AND THE
APPENDIX.
MEETING SUMMARY WE WILL PREPARE.
WE'RE ALSO GOING TO DROP A LINK
IN THE CHAT TO A FORM WHERE YOU
ARE ENCOURAGED AND WELCOME TO
PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON THIS
MORNING'S SESSION AS WELL AS
INDICATE YOUR INTEREST IN POST
EVENT NETWORKING OPPORTUNITIES
AND AFFINITY GROUPS.
AND SO, WE HOPE THAT FOLKS CAN
TAKE A MENTAL TO COMPLETE THAT.
I WANT TO ONCE AGAIN, THANK EACH
OF OUR PLENARY SPEAKERS FOR
SHARING INSIGHTS ON THE IMPACTS
OF STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND GENDER
INEQUITIES AND YOU HAVE GIVEN US
SO MUCH TO THINK ABOUT AND SO
MUCH TO BE HOPEFUL FOR AND WE
ARE REALLY JUST SO HONORED THAT
YOU WERE ABLE TO JOIN US TODAY.
WE WILL NOW TAKE A BREAK OF 37
MINUTES FOR LUNCH.
OR WHATEVER ELSE YOU WOULD LIKE
TO DO WITH THAT TIME.
RETURN BY 2:00 EASTERN TIMES AND
YOU WILL HEAR FOUR FLASH TALKS
FROM WINNERS OF OUR POSTER
WINNERS, WE HAD A CALL FOR
ABSTRACTS WE RECEIVED 67
SUBMISSION AND WE'LL BE HEARING
FROM FOUR OF THE SUBMITTERS.
WE INVITE YOU TO STAY ON THIS
VIRTUAL PLATFORM OR VIDEO CAST
AND YOU WILL ENJOY SOME ROTATING
SLIDES WITH UPDATES FROM ORWH
AND YOU CAN VISIT THE POSTER
HALL IN THE FLAT FORM OR THE
ORWH PAGE AND IT'S PLACED IN THE
CHAT.
WE ARE ADJOURNED UNTIL 2:00 P.M.
EASTERN 1:00 11:00 AM PACIFIC.
>>WELCOME BACK.
I'M A MEMBER OF THE PLANNING
COMMITTEE FOR THIS EXCELLENT
EVENT. AND FOR TODAY'S WORKSHOP
THE PLANNING COMMITTEE INVITED
ABSTRACTS TO BE SUBMITTED FROM
RESEARCHERS THAT WORK IN THE
SPACE OF GENDER AND HEALTH.
AND WE ARE THRILLED TO HAVE
RECEIVED 66 RELEVANT ABSTRACTS.
WHICH HAVE ALL BEEN INCLUDED IN
THE ABSTRACT AVAILABLE ON THE
EVENTS PAGE FOR USE.
OUT OF THE 66 RELEVANT
ABSTRACTS 35 ABSTRACTS WERE
SELECTED FOR POSTER
PRESENTATIONS AND THEY ARE ALSO
ALL AVAILABLE IN THE VIRTUAL
POSTER HALL THAT IS LINKED TO
THIS CHAT. I INVITE EVERYBODY
TO VISIT THE POSTER HALL. IT'S
AN EXCELLENT EXPERIENCE EVEN
THOUGH IT IS VIRTUAL.
SO OUT OF THOSE 35 ABSTRACTS
THEN FOUR OF THOSE WERE
SELECTED FOR THIS LIVE FLASH
TALKED TO. AND I WILL ACTUALLY
GO AHEAD AND INTRODUCE ALL FOUR
SPEAKERS ALL TOGETHER. AND THEN
WE WILL HEAR THEIR
PRESENTATIONS.
SO FIRST FLASH TALK IS FROM
ARIEL BECCIA, I HOPE I'M
PRONOUNCING THIS NAME
CORRECTLY. PLEASE CORRECT ME IF
I'M WRONG. DR. BECCIA IS A
POSTDOCTORAL IN YOUNGER
CHILDREN MEDICINE AT BOSTON
MEDICAL SCHOOL AND HARVARD
MEDICAL SCHOOL. ADVANCING
UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURAL
SEXISM IN POPULATION HEALTH
INEQUITIES, INTRODUCING A NOVEL
MODELING APPROACH TO CAPTURE
LIVE CAUSE IN INTERSECTIONAL
EFFECTS. OUR SECOND TALK WILL
BE FROM DR. KNOW -NOEMIEEL
HADDAD. LARGE SCALE
CHARACTERIZATION OF GENDER
DIFFERENCES ARE IN TIME TO
DIAGNOSIS IN LONGITUDINAL
OBSERVATIONAL HEALTH DATA. THE
THIRD PRESENTATION WILL COME
FROM DR. MELISSA ERTL A
POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW AT HIV
CENTER FOR CLINICAL AND
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES AT UNITED
STATES SIGH PSYCHIATRIC.
PARTLY EXPLAINS ASSOCIATION
BETWEEN TRADITIONAL GENDER
BELIEFS AND DRUG AND ALCOHOL
USE AMONG LATINA ADULT WOMEN
AND THE FINAL TALK WILL BE BY
AUDREY SCHACHTER AT UNIVERSITY
OF TENNESSEE, DEPARTMENT OF
GENERAL SURGERY WHO WILL
PRESENT A TALK ENTITLED THE
TWISTED TRUTH. DECISION TO
INCISION TIME FOR VARIOUS
TESTICULAR CONTORTION. LET'S
START WITH OUR FIRST
PRESENTATION AND WELCOME DR.
BECCIA. AND PLEASE CORRECT ME
IF I MISPRONOUNCED YOUR NAME.
SORRY.
>> OKAY, SO THIS LOOKS LIKE MY
POSTER. THERE WE GO. ALL RIGHT.
HI, EVERYONE. THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR HAVING ME AND FOR THIS
HONOR, I'M AERIAL BECCIA I USE
SHE/HER PRONOUNS. I WILL
PRESENT MY TEAM'S WORK FOR
POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH.
SO AS WE HEARD FROM THE
SPEAKERS THIS MORNING, THERE'S
GROWING EVIDENCE IT'S A
DETERMINANT OF HEALTH
INEQUITIES IN THE U.S.
FEW STUDIES HAVE YET TO EXPLORE
POTENTIAL LIFE COURSE OR
INTERSECTIONAL EFFECTS MEANING
WE KNOW LITTLE HOW IT SHAPES
POPULATION HEALTH PATTERNS OVER
TIME AND AMONG MULTIPLE
DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL IDENTITY.
TO HELP ADDRESS THE GAPS IN THE
STUDY WE AIM TO INTRODUCE A
MODEL APPROACH THAT CAN
ACCOMMODATE BOTH LIFE COURSE
AND INTERSECTIONAL EFFECTS.
OUR APPROACH WAS PRIMARILY
INFORMED BY LIFE COURSE THEORY
WHICH EMPHASIZES SOCIAL
DISADVANTAGE, SUCH AS
STRUCTURAL SEXISM, ACCUMULATE
AND BECOME EMBODIED OVER TIME
TO CONTRIBUTE TO POOR HEALTH
AND ESPECIALLY MARGINALIZED AND
MULTIPLELY MARGINALIZED
POPULATIONS. RATHER THAN
THINKING OF EXPOSURE TO STRAUR
RALE SEXISM A AS A SINGLE POINT
IN TIME EXPERIENCE, WE FOCUSED
INSTEAD OF CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE
OVER TIME TO BETTER CAPTURE
THESE LONG TERM EFFECTS. AND TO
ILLUSTRATE I WILL BRIEFLY WALK
THROUGH AN EXAMPLE FROM OUR
TEAM'S PRELIMINARY WORK,
EXAMINING WHETHER CUMULATIVE
EXPOSURE TO STRAUR RALE SEXISM
FROM YOUNG CHILDHOOD THROUGH
LATE ADULTHOOD CAN LEAD TO
INEQUITIES IN DEPRESSION WITHIN
AND BETWEEN GROUPS DEFINED BY
GENDER.
WE USED DATA FROM A NON
REPRESENTATIVE COHORT OF
APPROXIMATELY 16,800 U.S. YOUTH
AND OF NOTE MAJORITY OF
PARTICIPANTS ARE NON HISPANIC
WHITE.
AND IMPORTANTLY, PARTICIPANTS
PROVIDED INFORMATION ON THEIR
STATE OF RESIDENCE YEARLY AND
THIS IS A UNIQUE ASPECT OF GUTS
THAT ALLOWED US TO EXAMINE HOW
PARTICIPANTS EXPOSURE TO
STRUCTURAL SEXISM MAY HAVE
CHANGED OVER TIME. HOW DO WE
OPERATIONALIZE CUMULATIVE
EXPOSURE? WE USE A SET OF TIME
BEARING INDICATORS OF STATE
LEVEL STRUCTURAL SEXISM THAT WE
GOT FOR INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN'S
POLICY RESEARCH AND THIS
ALLOWED US TO CLASSIFY STATES
AS HAVING LOW OR HIGH LEVELS OF
STRUCTURAL SEXISM FOR EACH YEAR
OF THE STUDY PERIOD, FROM 1996
TO 2016, AND AS AN EXAMPLE,
THIS MAP SHOWS HOW STATES WERE
CATEGORYIZED AT BASELINE IN
1996. WE THEN MERGED THIS
INFORMATION TO GUTS AND
EVALUATED EXPOSURE, THE AVERAGE
TIME SPENT LIVING IN A HIGH
STRUCTURAL SEXISM STATE DURING
THE STUDY PERIOD.
FOR OUR ANALYSIS WE FIT
SEQUENTIAL MODELS TO ESTIMATE
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CUMULATIVE
EXPOSURE TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM
AND SUBSEQUENT DEPRESSION.
WE FIRST FIT MODELS WITH OUR
FULL SAMPLE USING CUMULATIVE
AND POINT IN TIMEX POSE UR
OPTIMAL, AND MODELS STRATIFIED
BY GENDER I'D DID --
IDENTITY AND SEXUAL
ORIENTATION. MOVING INTO THE
RESULTS THIS TABLE SHOWS
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AND DEPRESSIONIVE
SYMPTOMS IN THE FULL SAMPLE. WE
FOUND A ONE UNIT INCREASE IN
CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE IN
STRUCTURAL SEXISM WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH IS A% INCREASE
IN DEPRESSION RISK. ON THE
OTHER HAND, MOUFR, THERE WERE
NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS
WHEN USING THE POINT IN TIME
EXPOSURE. IF WE DON'T CONSIDER
LONG-TERM EXPOSURE PATTERNS.
THIS NEXT TABLE SHOWS RESULTS
FROM OUR STRATIFIED MODELS.
THESE REVEALED HOW ASSOCIATIONS
WERE SYSTEMIC BETWEEN SISGENDER
GIRLS AND WOMEN. YOU CAN SEE
FROM LACK OF EFFECT BETWEEN
CISGENDER BOYS AND MEN. AND IT
WAS STRONGER FOR CISGENDER
GIRLS AND WOMEN WHO WERE OF
MINORITIES AND GROUP OF HET
AGAIN IN AITY. WE THINK THESE
SHOW A PROMISE FRAMEWORK FOR
STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND
POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH. AND
I WILL JUST END BY HIGHLIGHTING
SOME POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF
THIS FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE WORK.
FIRST THERE ARE SEVERAL
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA SETS
THAT INCLUDE REPEATED MEASURES
OF PARTICIPANTS PLACE OF
RESIDENTS THAT CAN FACILITATE
THESE KINDS OF ANALYSES IN
OTHER POPULATION HEALTH SUB
FIELDS. AND OF COURSE, THE
FRAMEWORK CAN BE A APPLIED OR
ADAPTED FOR HOW INTERLOCKING
SYSTEMS SUCH AS STRUCTURAL
SEXISM AFFECT HEALTH AND HEALTH
INEQUITIES. THIS IS ALL I HAVE.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING, AND
THESE ARE MY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
>> THANK YOU FOR THE STUDY FOR
THIS PRESENTATION. WE WILL MOVE
ONTO THE NEXT PRESENTATION WHO
WILL BY GIVEN TO US BY DR. EL
HADDAD, PLEASE?
>> HI, EVERYONE, THANK YOU
EVERYONE FOR THE HONOR TO
PRESENT. I WILL BE TALKING
ABOUT MY WORK WITH MY
COLLEAGUES AT COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY, BIO INFO MATICS AND
GENETICS RESEARCH. WE ARE
FOCUSING ON DIAGNOSIS, IT'S A
QUESTION IN HEALTH, FIRST STEP
IN THE CAROTENE -- CARE
CONTINUUM, IT HELPS US MITIGATE
POOR DISEASE OUTCOME AND THE
OTHER SIDE BRINGS ADVERSE
OUTCOME. WE KNOW FROM THE
PREVIOUS LITERATURE THERE WAS
BEEN SHOWN MANY DISPARITIES IN
DIAGNOSES FOR MANY GROUPS. BOTH
IN TERMS OF ACCESS TO
DIAGNOSES, AS WELL AS TIME TO
DIAGNOSES. OUR OBJECTIVE IN
THIS WORK IS TO BUILD UPON ALL
OF THIS PREVIOUS WORK. AND WE
NOTICE THAT A LOT OF STUDIES
FOCUSED ON ONE DISEASE OR ONE
POPULATION AT A TIME. AND THERE
WAS A WIDE RANGE OF METRICS
PROPOSED ACROSS DIFFERENT
STUDIES SO IT'S HARD TO GET A
SENSE OF SYSTEMIC IMPACT OF
THESE DISPARITIES.
SO WE, AS COMPUTATIONAL
RESEARCHERS DECIDED TO SCALE UP
THESE ANALYSES, SO WE ARE
FOCUSING ON A VERY LARGE DATA
SET, THE ENTIRETY OF HEALTH
RECORD, MEDICARE, MEDICAID AND
PRIVATE INSURANCE, AND WE ARE
LOOKING AT 112 CONDITIONS IN
PARTICULAR THAT RANGE ACROSS A
NUMBER OF DISEASE TYPES FROM
CARDIOVASCULAR TO CANCERS, ETC.
WE LOOKED AT A RANGE OF METRICS
TO QUANTIFY TIME DIAGNOSES
BETWEEN FIRST ON SET OF
SYMPTOMS FOR SOME CONDITIONS
AND ACTUAL OFFICIAL DIAGNOSES
FOR THESE PATIENTS. THESE ARE
THE DATA SETS AND YOU KNOW,
THERE ARE A FEW LIMITATIONS TO
THIS. WE ARE LOOKING AT GENDER
DIFFERENCES. TALKING ABOUT
COLUMBIA DATA SETS WERE 20-30
YEARS, GENDER AND SEX ARE NOT
ATTAINABLE AND THEY ARE VERY
BINARY IN THEIR PRESENTATION.
THE VALUE OF THIS DATA SET FOR
US IS MOSTLY IN THEIR SIZE AND
THE FACT THEY ARE LONGITUDINAL
COVERING ALL INTERACTIONS WITH
THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND WE
ARE USING CONDITION CODES, AS
OUR PRIMARY UNIT OF ANALYSIS.
DATA SAID IS ABOUT 158 MILLION
ALL THE WAY DOWN TO OUR
SMALLEST TO SIX AND A HALF
MILLION PATIENTS.
SO OUR ANALYSES, I'M SHOWING
HERE A VISUAL SUMMARY OF WHAT
WE ARE DOING, WE ARE TAKING
FOR, LET'S TAKE ONE OF THESE
DISEASES IN THIS CASE CROHNS
DISEASE AND WE ARE LOOKING AT
ALL THE PATIENTS THAT WERE IN
FACT DIAGNOSED WITH THE DISEASE
AND THIS IS THE TIME OF THEIR
DIAGNOSES, WE ARE GOING BACK IN
TIME THREE TIMES IN THIS CASE
AND LOOKING AT ALL THE SYMPTOMS
THAT HAD BEEN RECORDED IN THEIR
PATIENT RECORD BUT HAD NOT YET
LED TO THE ACTUAL DIAGNOSES OF
CROHNS DISEASE. BASED ON
DURATION OF SYMPTOM WE ARE ABLE
TO QUANTIFY THIS TIME TO
DIAGNOSES IN MULTIPLE WAYS.
AND SO THESE ARE SOME OF OUR
RESULTS. WE ARE FINDING THAT
THESE ARE ALL THE DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS, 112 CONDITIONS, WE
GROUPED THEM BY HOW LONG, HOW
ACUTE OR CHRONIC THEY ARE. BUT
WHAT I'M DRAWING YOUR ATTENTION
TO IS THE GREEN POINTS ARE IN
THIS CASE THE AVERAGE TIME
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND
WOMEN, WHERE THE GREEN ONES ARE
REPRESENTING MEN AND THE PURPLE
ONES ARE REPRESENTING WOMEN.
AND I'M SURE YOU CAN SEE
VIRTUALLY THAT FOR PRETTY MUCH
MOST OF THESE CONDITIONS WOMEN
ARE DIAGNOSED LATER AND THESE
ARE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT
DELAYS. THESE ARE DIFFERENT
WAYS OF COMPUTING THIS TIME TO
DIAGNOSES AND YET ANOTHER
DIFFERENT WAY OF COMPUTING, BUT
WE KEEP FINDING THE SAME
PATTERN. THE RESULTS I'M
SHOWING YOU HERE ARE FOR OUR
PRIVATE INSURANCE BUT THAT ALSO
PERSISTS ACROSS ALL DATABASES.
AND SO WE ARE FINDING THAT
WOMEN EXPERIENCE LONGER TIME TO
DIAGNOSES AND REALLY I WANT TO
EMPHASIZE NOT SO MUCH THE
SPECIFIC FINDING AS MUCH AS THE
FACT WE ARE HAVING ACCESS NOW
TO LARGER AND LARGER DATA SETS
THAT ARE LONGITUDINAL AND THAT
ENABLES A NEW TYPE OF ANALYSES
TO BRING EVIDENCE IN GENDER
DISPARITIES SO WE ARE PAYING
ATTENTION TO THE REPRODUCIBLE.
OUR HOPE IS THIS TYPE OF
HYPOTHESES GENERATION CAN
FOSTER FURTHER AND MORE
IN-DEPTH WORK IN DISPARITIES.
THERE'S A LINK HERE TO OUR
WEBSITE WHERE ALL OF THESE
RESULTS ARE AVAILABLE IN AN
INTERACTIVE FASHION. THANK YOU
SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, THAT WAS
WONDERFUL.
WE WILL MOVE RIGHT ALONG TO THE
NEXT PRESENTATION BY DR. ERTL.
>> GREAT, THANK YOU SO MUCH.
HI, I'M DR. ERTL, 32
POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW, I'M PROUD
TO SHARE A POSTER FROM MY
DISSERTATION. THE TOPIC OF THE
POSTER IS DISCRIMINATION AS
POTENTIAL EXPLANATORY FACTOR
FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE ALONG
LATINA WOMEN.
LATINA ROLE BELIEFS THAT
ENCOURAGE THEM TO BE NURTURING,
SELF SACRIFICING, VIRTUOUS AND
SPIRITUALLY STRONG. FOUND
BELIEFS ARE A MULTIDIMENSIONAL
CONSTRUCT COMPRISED OF FIVE
BELIEF PILLARS FOUND TO BE
ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH RELATED
FACTORS. THE FIVE BELIEF,
FAMILY, VIRTUOUS, SILENCING
SELF TO MAINTAIN HARMONY,
SUBORDINATE TO OTHERS AND
SPIRITUAL PILLAR. SOME OF THESE
BELIEFS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS
POTENTIALLY PROTECTIVE AGAINST
SUBSTANCE ABUSE WHILE OTHERS
ARE LINKED WITH INCREASED USE.
HOWEVER THERE ARE FEW STUDIES
TO DATE UNDERLINING THE LINKS.
ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF
GENDER AND POWER, SEX POWER OR
SEXIST DISCRIMINATION, NEGATIVE
LIFE STRESSORS THAT WOMEN
EXPERIENCE CAN ACTUALLY BE
SOCIAL FORCES THAT PRODUCE
GENDER INEQUITIES AND
CONSISTENT WITH THIS NOTION,
SEXISM MAY BE ONE FACTOR,
SUBSTANCE MISUSE AS THESE
GENDER BELIEFS AND EXPECTATIONS
THAT LATINA WOMEN HOLD THROUGH
EXPERIENCES THAT IN TURN AFFECT
THEIR SUBSTANCE USE AND OVERALL
HEALTH. THE PRESENT STUDY
EXAMINED BELIEFS IN RELATION TO
SEXISM AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE IN
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS. THE
OBJECTIVES WERE TO TEST SEXISM
AS A FACTOR FOR SUBSTANCE
MISUSE.
PARTICIPANTS WERE 602 LATINA
UNDERGRADUATES. EXPERIENCES OF
EXISM, ALCOHOL AND DRUG MISUSE
AND WE ALSO ASSESS DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES THAT SERVED AS
COVARIATES IN THE MODEL, AND
INCLUDE MANY OF THE FIVE
BELIEFS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
SEXISM AS A MEDIATOR AND DRUG
AND ALCOHOL MISUSE AS VARIABLES
WITH EACH OF THE COVARIATES. IN
TERMS OF EFFECTS ONLY THE SPIR
-- SPIRITUAL, AND FAMILY
PILLAR AND VIRTUOUS, THE SPIR
RITUALLY WAS WITH ALCOHOL AND
DRUG ONLY NEGATIVELY
ASSOCIATED. WE ALSO TESTED FOR
MEDIATION, USING BOOT STRAP
PROCEDURE WITH A THOUSAND
SAMPLES TO DETERMINE THE DIRECT
EFFECT OF SEXISM ON SIGNIFICANT
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MARISMAL
BELIEF AND RESULTS BELIEF
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VIRTUOUS
AND CHASE BELIEF AND ALCOHOL
MISUSE AND DRUG MISUSE
DEPENDENT VARIABLES. OUR
RESULTS INDICATED THAT CERTAIN
BELIEFS WERE POTENTIAL
PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST
SUBSTANCE MISUSE, SPECIFICALLY
FAMILY PILLAR BELIEF AND
VIRTUOUS AND SEXISM PARTIALLY
MEDIATED OR EXPLAINED
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE
VIRTUOUS AND ALCOHOL AND DRUG
MISUSE. LATINA WOMEN
EXPERIENCED THIS MORE THE
NOTION THEY SHOULD BE PURE MAY
BE PROTECTED AGAINST DRUG AND
ALCOHOL USE BECAUSE THEY REPORT
LESS SEXISM THAN THEIR PEERS.
THESE FINDINGS EMPHASIZE THE
NEED FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
TO ADDRESS EFFECT AND MAY
INFORM SCREENING AND HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS TO ASSESS
SUBSTANCE USE. PREVENTION USE
WITH LATINA ADULT WOMEN MAY
HAVE BELIEFS THAT MAY BE
PROTECTIVE, STAYING HEALTHY FOR
ONE'S FAMILY AND HOW
EXPERIENCES MAY EXACERBATE
SUBSTANCE USE, AND ALLEVIATE
BURDEN OF SEXISM PARTICULARLY
FRAMEWORKS THAT ATTEND TO
MULTIPLE FORMS OF OPPRESSION
THAT MAY AFFECT LATINA ADULT
WOMEN. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU DR. ERTL FOR
SHARING WITH US YOUR FINDINGS
OF THIS GREAT RESEARCH. AND
FINAL SPEAKER OF THIS SESSION
WILL BE BY DR. SCHACHTER.
>> HEY, EVERYONE, GOOD MORNING,
GOOD AFTERNOON. I'M A CURRENT
GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENT AT
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
MEMPHIS. I'M SO GLAD TO BE HERE
TO REPORT ON MY RESEARCH,
STARTED DURING MY TIME AT
MEDICAL SCHOOL AT L.S.U.
LOUISIANA.
I HAVE NO DISCLOSURES TO
REPORT. OVARIAN IS DIFFICULT TO
DIAGNOSE DUE TO ANATOMIC
DIFFERENCES, PUTTING PATIENTS
AT A DISADVANTAGE WHEN IT COMES
TO TREATMENT TIMES COMPARED TO
TESTICULAR. ONCE DIAGNOSED
THERE SHOULD BE NO DIFFERENCE
IN TREATMENT TIMES BETWEEN THE
TWO DISEASE PROCESSES AND IN
THE STUDY WE AIM TO DESCRIBE
THE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN A
SURGEON'S DECISION TO OPERATE,
THE START OF THE OPERATION
WHICH WE DETERMINE THE DECISION
TO INCISION TIME, WE COMPARE
AND USES AS A MEASUREMENT OF
RESEARCH MOBILEIZATION AND TEAM
EFFICIENCY PROCEEDING TO THE
OPERATING ROOM IN AN EMERGENCY
SURGERY.
OVER A THREE YEAR PERIOD 40
CASES OF GONADAL, 19 WERE
TESTICULAR AND 21 WERE OVARIAN.
ALL CASES OF OVARIAN WERE
TREATED BY GYNECOLOGIST AND
TESTICULAR PROVIDED BY
UROLOGIST AND NONE PROVIDED
IN-HOUSE CALL. DTI WAS CASE
TIME. PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS AND
CHARACTERISTICS GENDER SURGEON
EXPERIENCE. OVERALL DECISION TO
INCISION TIME WAS 116 FOR
GONADAL TORSION. THERE'S A
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DECISION
INCISION TIME. A CUT OFF WAS AN
APPROPRIATE TIME, WHEN
COMPARING OVARIAN AND
TESTICULAR TORSION, PATIENTS
WITH OVARIAN ARE MORE LIKELY TO
EXPERIENCE DELAY. 90 MINUTES,
73% OF TESTICULAR TORSION
PATIENTS. WE ALSO FOUND A
SIMILAR TREND IN REGARD TO BMI,
GREATER THAN 25 WERE MORE
LIKELY TO HAVE A DELAY
PROCEEDING TO THE OPERATING
ROOM FOR TREATMENT. ONLY 30%
WITH BMI HAD DPI UNDER 90
MINUTES COMPARED TO 70% WITH
BMI LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 25.
OVERALL WE FOUND THAT PATIENTS
UNDERGOING EMERGENCY SURGERY
FOR TREATMENT OF OVARIAN
TORSION IS NEARLY DOUBLE TO
TESTICULAR TORSION AFTER
DIAGNOSIS. THERE ARE MANY
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE
TREATMENT OF TORSION AND
DIAGNOSIS IS MORE DIFFICULT IN
OVARIAN DUE TO NON MODIFIABLE
FACTORS. HOWEVER, THERE SHOULD
BE NO DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT
TIME BETWEEN CASE POSTING AND
DECISION TO INCISION TIME. TO
FIND PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN
TORSION COMPARED TO TESTICULAR
TORSION IS CONCERNING. WE
BELIEVE IT TO BE
MULTIFACTORIAL, GENDER BIASES
AGAINST WOMEN, DIFFERENCES IN
SURGEON PRACTICE, LACK OF
EDUCATION REGARDING URGENCY OF
TREATMENT OF OVARIAN TORSION.
WE LOOK FORWARD TO FURTHER
VAIGT THE ROOT CAUSES OF THESE
DELAYS, HOWEVER, THE FIRST STEP
IS AWARENESS AND EDUCATION FROM
ALL MEMBERS OF THE TEAM, EVERY
PATIENT DESERVES STANDARD OF
CARE AND NO PATIENT SHOULD HAVE
DELAY IN TREATMENT DUE TO THEIR
GENDER. WE HOPE THIS WILL BE A
SPRINGBOARD FOR FURTHER ACTION.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL
MEMBERS OF MY RESEARCH TEAM FOR
INPUT AND SUPPORT AND THANK YOU
FOR SHARING THIS RESEARCH WITH
YOU ALL.
>> WONDERFUL, THANK YOU DR.
SCHACHTER. THANK YOU,
EVERYBODY, FOR SUBMITTING YOUR
ABSTRACTS AND THANK YOU TO OUR
POSTER WINNERS FOR POSTING
THEIR RESEARCH TODAY. I WILL
HAND IT BACK TO DR. BARR WHO
WILL EXPLAIN HOW THE NEXT
PORTION OF OUR AGENDA WILL
PROCEED. THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU. AND WE ARE NOW AT
THE POINT IN OUR AGENDA WHERE
WE WILL TRANSITION TO
CONCURRENT SESSIONS. THERE ARE
THREE CONCURRENT SESSIONS
TODAY. THE FIRST IN NO
PARTICULAR ORDER IS MEASUREMENT
AND METHODS, THE SECOND IS
MODIFIABLE FACTORS IN CLINICAL
INTERVENTIONS AND THE THIRD IS
MODIFIABLE FACTORS IN SOCIAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. THE
SCHEDULE OF SPEAKERS SHOWN HERE
ON THIS SLIDE AND FOR A MORE
DETAILED LIST OF PRESENTATIONS,
YOU MAY VIEW THE AGENDA ON THE
ORWH WEBSITE OR THE VIRTUAL
PLATFORM.
AUDIENCE MEMBERS VIEWING VIA
NIH VIDEOCAST MAY FIND LINKS
FOR EACH CONCURRENT SESSION ON
THE ORWH EVENT PAGE. YOU MAY
SELECT WHICH CONCURRENT SESSION
MOST INTERESTS YOU TO VIEW LIVE
AND PLEASE KNOW ALL OF THE
CONCURRENT SESSIONS AS WELL AS
THE REST OF THE DAY'S EVENTS
ARE GOING TO BE, THEY ARE BEING
RECORDED AND THEY WILL BE
POSTED ON THE ORWH WEBSITE.
SIMPLY NAVIGATE TO THE SESSION
OF YOUR CHOICE, IF YOU ARE IN
THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT BY
CLICKING THE CORRESPONDING JOIN
BUTTON ON THE VIRTUAL PLATFORM
AGENDA. AND AGAIN IF YOU ARE ON
VIDEOCAST YOU CAN SELECT THE
APPROPRIATE VIDEOCAST WEB LINK.
EACH CONCURRENT SESSION WILL BE
RECORDED AND MADE PUBLICLY
AVAILABLE AFTER THE EVENT. WE
ALSO INVITE YOU TO RETURN BACK
TO THIS LINK AT 4:00 P.M.
EASTERN, AT WHICH TIME WE WILL
HEAR BRIEF RECORDING BACK FROM
EACH OF THE CONCURRENT SESSIONS
AS WELL AS CONCLUDING REMARKS.
SO WITH THAT, WE WILL DEPART
FROM THIS STREAM AND GO TO A
DIFFERENT STREAM TO LEARN SOME
MORE. THANK YOU.
>> HELLO, EVERYONE.
SORRY FOR THE BRIEF DELAY.
WE ARE HAVING AN ENGAGING
CONVERSATION IN OUR BREAKOUT
SESSION.
I HOPE THE REST OF YOUR
CONCURRENT SESSIONS WERE AS
PRODUCTIVE AND INTERESTING.
AND SO, WE JUST WANT TO TAKE A
FEW MINUTES NOW TO HAVE A
HIGH-LEVEL REPORT ON THE
DISCUSSIONS FROM THOSE
CONCURRENT SESSIONS AND SOUL BE
HEARING FROM SOME OF OUR
SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP PLANNING
COMMITTEE MEMBERS.
SO, FIRST WE'RE GOING TO HEAR
FROM Dr. AMELIA KARRAKER IN
THE POPULATION AND SOCIAL
PROCESSES BRANCH OF THE AGING
DIVISION OF BE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
AND THE MEASURES AND METHODS
SESSIONS.
SO THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
CAN YOU HEAR ME OK?
>> FANTASTIC.
SO, AS SOMEONE NOTED IN OUR
SESSION, DATA AND METHODS ARE
SORT OF CRITICAL TO THE
SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE OF DOING
RESEARCH ON DONE DER AND THE
SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS THAT WE CAN
ASK AND THE POPULATIONS AND
LIVES THAT ARE REPRESENTED IN
OUR RESEARCH.
SO WE REALLY HAD A LIVELY
DISCUSSION THAT ACTUALLY ECHOED
A LOT OF THE THEMES THAT ARE
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS AND ACTUALLY
SOME OF OUR POSTER WINNERS ON
ALSO TALKED ABOUT TO FOR
EXAMPLE, THE NEED FOR
MULTI-LEVEL MEASURES OF GENDER
THAT CAPTURE THE ROLE OF
DOMAINS, IDENTITY ROLES,
RELATIONSHIPS, ACROSS POLICIES
FROM STATE OR NATIONAL POLICIES
AND POLICIES WITH A CAPITOL "P"
SUCH AS LAWS, TO POLICIES WITH A
LOWER CASE" P" SO RULES AND
REGULATIONS AND THINKING ABOUT
HOW TO MEASURE IMPACTS OF
STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND SAYING
GENDER EXPERIENCES AND YOU KNOW,
ACROSS THE VARIETY OF
POPULATIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL
IMPACTS.
AND THE NEED BECAUSE GENDER IS
SOMETHING THAT EMBODIED AND IS
CONSTANTLY BEING PRACTICED AND
EXPERIENCED, THERE'S ALSO A
CONSTANT NEED TO UPDATE THE
MEASURES SO, WHEN WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT FOLKS' EXPERIENCES AND
SPACIAL DIMENSIONS AND CULTURAL
DIMENSIONS, AS WELL AS THOSE
THAT INTERSECT ACROSS IDENTITIES
AND IN ORDER TO UNDERTAKE THIS
WORK, WE NEED TEAMS WITHIN OUR
DISCIPLINARY EXPERTISE AND THAT
REFLECT DIVERSE CULTURAL AND
LIFE EXPERIENCES.
FOLKS TALKED ABOUT THE POWER OF
DATA LINKAGES, NOT JUST ACROSS
GEOGRAPHIC AREAS BUT ALSO
THINKING ABOUT INSTITUTIONS SUCH
AS SCHOOLS AND ANOTHER THEME
THAT EMERGED WAS THE IMPORTANCE
OF SCHOLARS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THEIR
POSITIONALITY AND THINKING ABOUT
WHAT BIAS AND VALUES RESEARCHERS
THEMSELVES MIGHT INTRODUCE OR
REINFORCE IN THEIR WORK SO ONE
OF THE POINTS THAT WAS RAISED
WAS WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GENDER
STEREOTYPES, SORT OF SOMEONE IS
TALKING ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE IF
YOU ARE CALLING OUT SER YO TYPES
AND YOU MIGHT BE REINFORCING
THEM AND IF YOU IGNORE THEM,
THEY PERSIST SO HOW TO THINK
ABOUT THAT IT DOESN'T REFLECT
THE EXPERIENCES OF A LOT OF THE
PEOPLE IN THE WORLD SO A NEED
FOR REPRESENTATION AND INCLUSION
OF FOLKS FROM LOWER AND MIDDLE
INCOME COUNTRIES AND OTHER
PLACES AS WELL SO, I'LL STOP
THERE.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SO NEXT WE'RE GOING TO HEAR FROM
Dr. PABLO A MEDICAL OFFICER AT
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND WHO WILL TELL US ABOUT THE
MODIFIABLE FACTORS AND CLINICAL
INTERVENTIONS SESSION.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
WELL, IN THE SESSION CLINICAL
INTERVENTIONS AND PROFESSOR
START BID PROVIDING FRAMEWORK
FOR UNDERSTANDING THE
PRESENTATIONS THAT FOLLOWED AND
SHE HAD A FRAMEWORK FOR
UNDERRING GENDER CONVERTING
IDENTITY POLLS, BEHAVIORS,
NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF
UNEQUAL AND POWER RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG GENDER SOCIAL GROUPS AND
CLEARLY EXPLAINED WHY GENDER
MATTERS LAYING OUT GENDER PIE AS
AND DISCRIMINATION MAY IMPACT
CLINICAL GRAPHICS AND RESEARCH
AND ALSO, HOW IT EFFECTS HEALTH
AND PROVIDERS AND HEALTHCARE
SYSTEMS.
IN THE FIRST TALK THEY TALK
ABOUT THE PISS TRUST OF RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES AND THE RESEARCHERS
IN INVOLVE INVOLVING PRE
EXPOSURE FOR HIV AND TRIALS IN
LIMA, PERU AND SHE WOMEN
MISTRUST AS RISING FROM A SERIES
OF ISOLATED SHORT TERM RESEARCH
PROJECTS NOT INTEGRATED INTO
HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS AND IN THE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF A
PROBLEMATIC IMPLEMENTATION.
TRANSGENDER WOMEN'S MISTRUST IS
AMPLIFIED THROUGH PARADOXES THAT
SUGGEST TO THEM THEY ARE KEY
EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS BUT NOT
TARGET OUTSIDE OF RESEARCH
SETTINGS.
IN RECOGNIZING THE BIG
CLASSIFIED KEY POPULATION
TRANSGENDER WOMEN'S MISTRUST IS
BOTH PERVASIVE AND JUSTIFIED AND
FOR FINDINGS THEY NEED TO ROW
FRAME MISTRUST, NOT AS TRANS
WOMEN TO READDRESS TO EDUCATION
AND OUTREACH BUT SYSTEMIC
INSTITUTIONAL AND INDUCE
TREMENDOUS LEVEL PROBLEM THAT IS
PRODUCED BY AND MUST BE
CORRECTED BY POLICIES THAT GO ON
HIV SIDES AND THIS WORK IS
POLITICAL AND REQUIRES
ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITY
MEMBERS AND COMMUNITY BASED
ORGANIZATIONS.
NEXT THERE WAS A FRAMEWORK FOR
HEALTH COMMUNITY INTERVENTION
BASED ON AN ALTERNATIVE
UNDERSTANDING OF INDIGENOUS
RELATION AND STRUCTURAL
VIOLENCE.
SHE TRIED TO UNDERSTAND THE
RESEARCH PRODUCTIONS AND
STRUCTURE AND WHAT IT'S DRIVEN
BY.
SHER WORK IS THE STATUS OF WOMEN
WHICH WAS ONE OF RESPECT AND HOW
IT LED TO EXTREME VIOLENCE AND
MISTREATMENT.
THAT LED TO DEVELOPMENT OF
VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS
BUILDING A PERSPECTIVE IN A
PILOT STUDY, SHE SHOWED THAT NOT
INTERVENTION AT THE COMMUNITY
FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL LEVELS
AIMING FOR LIBERATION FROM THE
PAR TREE ARCUAL AND COLONIAL AS
SET HAD ALCOHOL ABSORBION AMONG
MEN AND WOMEN AND IT'S TRIBAL
CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND
RELATION FRAMEWORK OF HISS
TORQUE ALLO EXPRESSION AND
RESILIENCE AND FOCUSES ON
SUPPORTING INTER FAMILY AND
INTER COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS
BASED ON INDIGENOUS AND PAR TREE
ARCUAL, MAY TREE LOCAL AND
ACKNOWLEDGED GENDER FLUIDITY AND
FOSTER BONDS AND TRADITIONS AND
SPIRITUALITY FAITH AND CULTURAL
HEALING.
FINALLY, IN HER TALK ABOUT THE
CORROSIVE IMPACT OF HARASSMENT,
Dr. SALAS PROVIDED WITH A
DEVASTATING PAN A MA'AM PAN A RAM A THAT
EFFECT WOMEN ASK MINORITIES AND
PROVIDED HOW GENDER LIMITS
WOMEN'S OPPORTUNITY AND AK A
DOMIA IN MEDICINE DESPITE
EVIDENCE THAT WOMEN ARE
HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND TEND TO
SHOW MORE CONCERN AND EMPATHY ON
WELLNESS OF THEIR TEAM MEMBERS
WHEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS.
SHE POINTS OUT AT THE POTENTIAL
ROLE THAT AT NIH THAT THE
FUNDERS AND RESEARCH AND
CLINICAL INSTITUTIONS MAY HAVE
SETTING AN EXAMPLE AND FUNDING
RESEARCH OF THE GENDER BIAS
UNDER RESEARCH OF CLINICAL
WORKFORCE AND TO IMPROVE CULTURE
AND CLIMATE TO CREATE A
EQUITABLE ENVIRONMENTS.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOU TAKING
THOSE THOROUGH NUTS AND GIVING
US THE DETAILS ON YOUR SESSION
AND FINALLY WE'LL HEAR FROM
SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
ADMINISTRATOR AT THE OFFICE OF
BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
RESEARCH WHO WILL TELL US ABOUT
THE MODIFIABLE FACTORS AND
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
SESSIONS.
SO THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
I WILL BE SHARING JUST A BIT
ABOUT THE INCREDIBLE INFORMATION
THAT WAS JUT COVERED IN THE
REALLY ROBUST CONVERSATION THAT
WE HAD AFTERWARDS AND IN THIS
SESSION WE HEARD FROM Dr. SIM
ARY, GRIFFITH AND BOAK AND IT
WAS MODERATED BY Dr. JORDAN
YOUNG AND Dr. JORDAN YOUNG
HIGHLIGHTED THAT GENDER ISN'T
JUST A FANCY WORD FOR WOMEN, MEN
HAVE GENDER TOO AND GENDER IS A
SET OF EVOLVING SOCIAL PROCESSES
THAT ARE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED
ACROSS POPULATION AND CO
DETERMINED WITH OTHER EVOLVING
HIERARCHIES AND SYSTEMS AND SHE
CALLED ATTENTION TO GENDER AS A
DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS AND IT'S
PERVASIVE AND NOT MONOLITHIC AND
IT'S CROSS CUT BY RACE,
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND
DISABILITY, AND OTHER SOCIAL
HIERARCHIES AND THERE'S A LOT OF
HETEROGENEITY.
SHE ALSO NOTED THAT RACE NEUTRAL
INTERVENTIONS HAVE EXACERBATED
RAISIN EQUALITIES AND LIKELY
THAT GENDER OPERATES IN THE SAME
WAY.
Dr. SIMARI FOCUSED ON STRUCK
ACTUAL XENOPHOBIA WITH A
PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON CISGENDER
FEMALE IMMIGRANTS AND SHE SHARED
FINDINGS RELATED TO THE
IMMIGRANT POLICY AND XENOPHOBIA
AT THE STATE LEVEL THAT COVERS
FIVE DOMAINS, PUBLIC-HEALTH AND
WELFARE, HIGHER EDUCATION, LABOR
AND EMPLOYMENT, IDENTIFICATION
AND IMMIGRANT ENFORCEMENT AND
SHE ALSO SHARED FINDINGS FROM
QUALITATIVE STUDY TOLE RATE IS
THE CHOICES OF IMMIGRANTS AND
PRESENTED FINDINGS AT AROUND
FOUR THEMES OF XENOPHOBIA
INCLUDING IMMIGRATION POLICY,
IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT,
INTERPERSONAL RACISM AND
ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION AND THIS
WORK REALLY HIGHLIGHTED THAT
STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA INTER
PLAYS WITH OTHER FORMS AND
SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION AND TO
GREATLY IMPACT HEALTH.
Dr. GRIFFITH FOCUSED ON
CENTERS MEN'S HEALTH EQUITY IN
HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH.
HE SHARED A LOT ABOUT THE
NARRATIVES AROUND MEN'S HEALTH
AND BEING ROOTED IN LETTER
ACTIVITY AN -- AND HEALSO SHARED A BIT ABO UT HOW THE
PROBLEM WITH THAT IS IT ASSUMES
A HOMOGENEOUS APPROACH FOR
SOLVING HEALTH-RELATED CONCERNS
FOR MEN.
AND THAT IT DOES NOT REFLECT HOW
MEN ACTUALLY DEFINE THEIR
ASPIRATIONAL GOALS AND IDEALS.
HE HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLE OF
SYNDEMICS IN INTERSECTIONALITY
USING THE CASE OF BLACK MEN AND
COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
AND ALSO, HIGHLIGHTED THE
APPLICATION OF INTERSECTIONALITY
TO BLACK MEN'S DISPROPORTIONATE
COVID-19 MORTALITY.
AND THE THIRD SPEAKER AND OUR
SESSION WAS Dr. BULLOCK WHO
FOCUSED ON INTERSECTIONAL
INEQUITIES AND THE FEMALE
INIZATION OF POVERTY AND NOTED
THAT WOMEN ACROSS ALL SOCIAL
GROUPS, PARTICULARLY WOMEN OF
COLOR, ARE MOST LIKELY TO
EXPERIENCE POVERTY AND POVERTY
IS A MODIFIABLE FACTOR OF HEALTH
AND MUST BE EXPLORED USING AN
INTERSECTIONAL LENSE
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERLOCKING
SYSTEMS OF POWER AND PROCESSION
OF THE MACRO AND MICRO MESO AND
THE HEALTH STREAM MODEL AND
REALLY EMPHASIZED UNDERSTAND THE
ROOT CAUSES OF HEALTH INEQUITIES
AND PRESENTED SOME FINDINGS FROM
TWO DIFFERENT STUDIES, ONE ABOUT
PATHWAYS TO ECONOMIC AND HOUSING
PRO CARE TEE AMONG UNHOUSED
MOTHERS AND AS WELL AS EXPLORING
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FINANCIAL
SERVICES, MAINSTREAM FINANCIAL
SERVICES AND ALTERNATIVES
SERVICES SUCH AS PAY DAY LOANS,
PREDATORY LENDERS AND THEIR
DISTRIBUTION AMONG A COMMUNITY
SETTING IN ONE COMMUNITY THAT
WAS HIGHER INCOME AND ANOTHER
THAT WAS LOWER CHIN AND INCOME AND UNEQUAL
DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREDATORY
LENDING SERVICES AMONG THE LOW
INCOME COMMUNITY OF COLOR.
AND ULTIMATELY HIGHLIGHTED THE
WAYS THAT SOCIAL SAFETY NET AND
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ARE
THEMSELVES STRUCTURED BY SEXISM
AND RACISM AND PROMISE THAT
PROVIDE UNIVERSAL BENEFITS START
TO MOVE IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
I THINK ACROSS ALL SESSIONS WE
HEARD A LOT ABOUT THE NEED FOR
THESE SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION ARE
INTERLOCKING AND REQUIRE
THOUGHTFUL AND MULTI-LEVEL
APPROACHES.
>> A HUGE THANK YOU TO OUR
PANELISTS ACROSS ALL THREE
SESSIONS AND OUR SESSION CHAIRS
AND EVERYBODY AND I'M GOING TO
TURN IT BACK OVER TO Dr.
ELIZABETH BARR TO PROVIDE
CLOSING REMARKS BEFORE WE CAN
CONCLUDE TODAY.
>> THANK YOU, Dr. POPKIN.
DO I HAVE SLIDE CONTROL?
>> NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO WE KNOW AND WE HAVE HEARD
TODAY HOW BIOLOGY SOCIETY AND
POLICY INFLUENCE HEALTH.
CONSIDERATION OF SEX AND GENDER
IN RESEARCH IS CRITICAL TO
ADVANCING THE NIH MISSION OF
SEEKING KNOWLEDGE TO ENHANCE
HEALTH, LENGTHEN LIFE AND REDUCE
ILLNESS.
THE NIH INCLUSION ACROSS THE
LIFESPAN POLICIES AND SAB
POLICIES ARE AIMED AT ENSURING
THESE VARIABLES ARE CONSIDERED
IN RESEARCH.
OTHER NATIONAL ACTION HAVE
POLICIES AND THE CANADIAN
INSTITUTION OF PLUS POLICY AND
EFFECT IN 2009 AND THE EUROPEAN
COMMISSION HORIZON EUROPE HAS
THE EXPECTATION THAT GENDER, THE
GENDER DIMENSION WILL BE
INTEGRATED INTO RESEARCH AND
INNOVATION BY DEFAULT.
WE'VE HEARD PRESENTATIONS TODAY
UNDER SCORING THE COMPLEX
EFFECTS THAT GENDER, AT MULTIPLE
DOMAINS, HAS ON HEALTH.
AND OUR SPEAKERS HAVE UNDER
SCORED THE IMPORTANCE OF
CAREFUL, INTERSECTIONAL, AND
RIGOROUS APPROACHES TO STUDYING
GENDER AND HEALTH.
WE'VE ALSO HEARD HOW
DISENTANGLING THE INFLUENCE OF
SEX, GENDER OR BOTH ON HEALTH IS
A COMPLEX UNDERTAKING AND THAT
NIH SUPPORTED RESEARCH IN THIS
SPACE, HAS BEEN LIMITED TO
THESE.
WE ARE HEART END BUT NOT AT ALL
SURPRISED AT THE HIGH LEVEL OF
INTEREST INTO THESE EVENTS.
WE HAVE AND MANY MORE JOINED US
VIA NIH VIDEO CAST WHICH
PROVIDES A CLEAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS
DEMONSTRATION OF HUGE INTEREST
AND ENERGY AND ENTHUSIASM FOR
GENDER RESPONSIVE AND GENDER
TRANSFORMATIVE APPROACHES TO
HEALTH RESEARCH.
AND WE HEAR YOU.
AND WE AGREE THAT CAREFUL
NUANCED AND RIGOROUS INTEGRATION
OF GENDER IN HEALTH RESEARCH CAN
HELP TO BOTH UNDERSTAND AND
INTERVENE UPON THE SOCIAL AND
STRUCTURAL FORCES THAT LEAD TO
DIS PER AT HEALTH OUTCOMES AND
PERPETUATE HEALTH INEQUITY AND
IT'S CLEAR HOW HIGH THE STAKES
ARE FOR GENDER RELATED RESEARCH.
AS SOCIAL LANDSCAPES CONTINUE TO
SHIFT ACROSS THE U.S. AND
GLOBALLY, ORWH AND OUR NIH
PARTNERS ARE COMMITTED TO
FOSTERING OPPORTUNITIES FOR
COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP.
TWO OPPORTUNITIES FOR
COLLABORATION AND CONTINUED
ENGAGEMENT ARE SHOWN HERE ON
THIS SLIDE.
FOLLOWING TODAY'S EVENT, WE WILL
BE SUPPORTING THE FORMATION OF
AFFINITY GROUPS, THE PURPOSE OF
THESE AFFINITY GROUPS IS TO
PROMOTE DIALOGUE AND ENCOURAGE
CROSS DISCIPLINARY
COLLABORATIONS, AND
COMMUNICATIONS AMONG RESEARCHERS
AND SCHOLARS AND INTERESTED IN
SIMILAR TOPICS.
THESE AFFINITY GROUPS WILL NOT
BE NIH LED ALTHOUGH NIH STAFF
WILL PARTICIPATE.
WE'LL ALSO BE HOSTING TWO MEET
THE PROGRAM OFFICERS SESSIONS
WHICH ARE INTEND TODAY PROVIDE
POTENTIAL AND NIH APPLICANTS AND
OPPORTUNITIES TO DISCUSS THEIR
PROJECTS WITH NIH PROGRAM
OFFICERS.
YOU CAN INTERNET CADE YOUR
INTEREST IN THESE OPPORTUNITIES
AND OTHERS BY USING THE LINK
THAT IS IN THE CHAT AND OR
SCANNING THE QR CODE SHOWN HERE.
I ALSO WANT TO REMIND EVERYONE,
AS WE'VE MENTIONED, A FEW TIMES
TODAY, THAT RECORDINGS OF ALL OF
TODAY'S SESSIONS WILL BE
AVAILABLE ON THE VIDEO CAST
LINKS, WHICH ARE ON THE ORWH
EVENT PAGE, AND WILL BE
INCLUDING THOSE IN A POST EVENT
E-MAIL THAT WILL BE SENT TO ALL
REGISTRANTS.
AS WE BEGIN TO WRAP-UP THE DAY,
I REALLY WOULD LIKE TO THANK
EACH OF THE EXCELLENT PRESENTERS
FOR PARTICIPATING IN TODAY'S
WORKSHOP AND IT HAS BEEN A POWER
HOUSE LINEUP REALLY BEYOND OUR
WILDEST DREAMS AND THAT ALL OF
YOU WERE ABLE TO ACCEPT OUR
INVITATION TO PRESENT AND
DELIVER SUCH COMPREHENSIVE
THOUGHTFUL, AND REALLY
CHALLENGING PRESENTATIONS.
WE APPRECIATE, DEEPLY, YOUR
SUPPORT OF THE ORWH MISSION TO
ADVANCE RESEARCH ON THE HEALTH
OF WOMEN.
THIS WORKSHOP HAS BEEN YEARS IN
THE MAKING AND IT WOULD NOT HAVE
BEEN POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE
INCREDIBLE EFFORTS OF THE
WORKSHOP PLANNING COMMITTEE
SHOWN HERE AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF
THE ORWH COMMUNICATION AND
LOGISTIC TEAMS AND CONTRACTORS