1 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:19,000 >>WELCOME 2 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,640 DR SARAH TEMKIN 3 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:24,840 CLINICAL RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S 4 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:25,840 HEALTH. 5 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:27,520 I WILL BEGIN WITH THE FEW 6 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:28,480 LOGISTICS FOR TODAY. 7 00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:32,040 WE HAVE ATTENDEES JOINING US 8 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:33,680 TODAY VIA NIH VIDEOCAST AS WELL 9 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:35,480 AS THE VIRTUAL MEETING 10 00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:35,760 ENVIRONMENT. 11 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:37,920 THOSE OF YOU WATCHING ON VIDEO 12 00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:39,920 CAST, CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS USING 13 00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:41,840 THE LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON AND 14 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:43,960 THOSE OF YOU IN THE VIRTUAL 15 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:46,320 MEETING ENVIRONMENT, CAN USE THE 16 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:47,760 Q&A FEATURE. 17 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:52,000 IT'S NOW MY PLEASURE TO 18 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:52,560 INTRODUCE OUR FIRST SPEAKER, 19 00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:53,480 Dr. JEANNINE AUSTIN CLAYTON, 20 00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:55,440 THE NIH ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR 21 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:57,120 RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH AND 22 00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:58,800 THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF 23 00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:01,160 RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH. 24 00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:03,440 BEFORE JOINING ORWH, Dr. 25 00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:05,560 CLAYTON WAS THE DEPUTY CLINICAL 26 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:07,680 DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL EYE 27 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:07,920 INSTITUTE. 28 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:09,920 DURING HER TENURE, SHE HAS 29 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:11,440 STRENGTHENED NIH SUPPORT FOR 30 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:14,280 RESEARCH ON DISEASES, DISORDERS, 31 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:16,200 AND CONDITIONS THAT EFFECT WOMEN 32 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:18,240 AND INDIVIDUALS ASSIGNED FEMALE 33 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:19,960 AT BIRTH. 34 00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,280 Dr. CLAYTON'S BIOGRAPHY CAN BE 35 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:25,200 FOUND ON THE EVENT PAGE AND WILL 36 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:27,280 BE POSTED IN THE CHAT. 37 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:29,040 PLEASE JOIN ME AND WELCOMING 38 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:33,480 Dr. JEANNINE CLAYTON. 39 00:01:33,480 --> 00:01:35,400 >> HELLO, EVERYONE. 40 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:39,160 IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE TODAY I'M 41 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,040 GOING TO SHARE A COUPLE OF 42 00:01:41,040 --> 00:01:42,240 THOUGHTS BEFORE WE GET STARTED. 43 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:44,200 WE HAVE A FANTASTIC LINEUP FOR 44 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:44,360 YOU. 45 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:45,480 THANK YOU FOR THAT KIND 46 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:45,800 INTRODUCTION. 47 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:47,120 THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON 48 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:49,920 WOMEN'S HEALTH OR ORWH WAS 49 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:50,560 FOUNDED, BASICALLY BECAUSE WOMEN 50 00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:52,480 WERE NOT BEING INCLUDED IN NIH 51 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:53,720 SUPPORTED CLINICAL RESEARCH AND 52 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:55,680 OUR MISSION IS TO EXPAND WOMEN'S 53 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,000 HEALTH RESEARCH AND MAKE SURE 54 00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:58,800 THEY'RE INCLUDED AND TO ADVANCE 55 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:01,520 WOMEN AND SCIENCE CAREERS SO WE 56 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:04,720 CAN GET CLOSER TO THE NIH VISION 57 00:02:04,720 --> 00:02:06,080 FOR THE HEALTH OF WOMEN, A WORLD 58 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:07,880 WHERE SEX AND GENDER ARE 59 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:09,440 INTEGRATED ACROSS THE HEALTH 60 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:13,080 RESEARCH CONTINUUM EVERY WOMAN 61 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:13,560 RECEIVES EVIDENCE BASED 62 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:15,200 PREVENTION, DIAGNOSTIC 63 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:17,280 TREATMENTS AND CARE AND GOALS 64 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:19,120 AND NEEDS AND A WORLD WHERE ALL 65 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:20,680 WOMEN IN SCIENCE REACH IS THERE 66 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:21,520 FULL POTENTIAL. 67 00:02:21,520 --> 00:02:24,240 SO TO THAT END, WE'RE DELIGHTED 68 00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:26,160 TO BE HERE TODAY FOR THE FIRST 69 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:29,240 EVER NIH WORKSHOP FOCUSED ON 70 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:31,000 MULTIPLE DEMAINS OF GENDER AND 71 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:48,240 RESULTING HEALTH CONSEQUENCES. 72 00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:49,920 FOCUS ON GENDER AND ALONG WITH 73 00:02:49,920 --> 00:02:53,840 OUR INSTITUTE CENTRE AND OFFICE 74 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:54,720 PARTNERS, WE VOW THIS WORKSHOP 75 00:02:54,720 --> 00:02:56,680 AS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN BUILDING 76 00:02:56,680 --> 00:02:59,040 MOMENTUM, SUPPORT, AND CAPACITY 77 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,120 FOR THE INCORPORATION OF GENDER, 78 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:03,720 AS A SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL 79 00:03:03,720 --> 00:03:05,640 VARIABLE ACROSS THE NIH RESEARCH 80 00:03:05,640 --> 00:03:07,720 AGENDA. 81 00:03:07,720 --> 00:03:08,920 ORWH WELCOMES OPPORTUNITIES TO 82 00:03:08,920 --> 00:03:10,240 PARTNER WITH OUR NIH COLLEAGUES 83 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,440 AND THE EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY TO 84 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:14,240 ADVANCE HEALTH RELATED RESEARCH 85 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:20,480 THAT CREDIT CREDITS CONSIDER GENDER ROLES, 86 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:22,400 NORMS AND POWER RELATION AND 87 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:22,720 INEQUALITIES. 88 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:25,280 AND THE MULTI DIMENSIONAL WORK 89 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:26,680 WE HAVE BEEN USING BEFORE THE 90 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,960 NIH WIDE STRATEGIC PLAN, FOR 91 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:31,360 WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH IS THE 92 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:33,200 IMPORTANCE OF BOTH INTERNAL 93 00:03:33,200 --> 00:03:35,240 FACTORS SUCH AS BIOLOGY AND SEX 94 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:37,600 AND EXTERNAL FACTORS, OF COURSE, 95 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:41,080 INCLUDING GENDER IN THE CONTEXT. 96 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:43,600 IN THE LIFESPAN IN TERMS OF HOW 97 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:45,280 THESE INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER 98 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:46,440 AND THEY HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS 99 00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:48,920 AND CONSEQUENCES OVER A WOMAN'S 100 00:03:48,920 --> 00:03:49,520 LIFE COURSE. 101 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:51,160 SO THAT IS A FRAMEWORK THAT WE 102 00:03:51,160 --> 00:03:54,760 HAVE BEEN USING FOR SOME TIME 103 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:57,120 AND BUILDING UPON OVER TIME. 104 00:03:57,120 --> 00:03:59,080 OF COURSE, NOW GENDER IS A 105 00:03:59,080 --> 00:04:04,720 SOCIAL AND CULTURE VARIABLE THAT 106 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:05,880 ENCOMPASSs SEVERAL DOMAINS 107 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:07,480 WHICH INFLUENCES HEALTH. 108 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:08,760 GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION, 109 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:10,760 GENERAL RULES AND NORMS, GENDER 110 00:04:10,760 --> 00:04:12,760 RELATIONS, STRUCTURAL SEXISM, 111 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:15,960 POWER AND EQUALITY INEQUITY AND 112 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:17,760 GENDER SOCIALIZATION, FOR 113 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:19,800 EXAMPLE, AND NORMS OF 114 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:21,320 MASCULINITY CAN AFFECT BOY AND 115 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:24,280 MEN'S HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIORS, 116 00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:26,080 STRUCTURAL GENDER INEQUALITIES 117 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:27,600 CAN LIMIT GIRL AND WOMEN'S 118 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:29,240 ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICE AND 119 00:04:29,240 --> 00:04:31,680 CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH INEQUITIES. 120 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:33,600 OTHER SOCIAL VARIABLES, 121 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:36,000 INCLUDING RAISE, ETHNICITY, 122 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:37,280 SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS AND EVEN 123 00:04:37,280 --> 00:04:40,000 STATE AND FEDERAL POLICIES MAY 124 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:41,440 ADDITIONALLY INTERACT WITH 125 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,920 GENDER TO INFLUENCE HEALTH, 126 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:46,880 HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF A 127 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:50,160 INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO 128 00:04:50,160 --> 00:05:20,440 HEALTH RESEARCH. 129 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:24,080 >> THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF GENDER 130 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:25,880 HAVE BEEN WIDELY DOCUMENTS 131 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:26,920 LATELY, WHETHER YOU ARE LOOKING 132 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:30,120 AT THE JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH 133 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:38,480 OR A VARIETY OF OTHER SUB LA PUB KA LAYING S PUBLICATION. 134 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:41,320 WE'RE DELIGHTED TO SEE THAT. 135 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,520 AND ONE EXAMPLE IS A RECENT 136 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:46,440 STUDY THAT REPORTED FROM THE 137 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:48,080 NURSES HEALTH STUDY, THAT LOOKED 138 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:50,480 AT OVER 30,000 WOMEN AND 139 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:52,600 FOLLOWED THEM OVER TIME. 140 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:56,080 THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT OVER THE 141 00:05:56,080 --> 00:06:02,080 SEVEN-YEAR PERIOD, ABOUT 23% OF 142 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:04,400 THOSE WOMEN FOLLOWED EXPERIENCE 143 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:06,440 SEXUAL ASSAULT AND ABOUT 24% 144 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:08,560 EXPERIENCED WORK-PLACE SEXUAL 145 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:13,120 HARASSMENT AND 6% EXPERIENCED 146 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:13,320 BOTH. 147 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,960 OVER THAT PERIOD OF TIME, 21% OF 148 00:06:15,960 --> 00:06:18,000 THE WOMEN SUPPORTED DEVELOPING 149 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:19,320 HYPERTENSION OVER THE FOLLOW-UP 150 00:06:19,320 --> 00:06:20,800 PER IDEA AND THE WOMEN WHO 151 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:23,280 EXPERIENCED BOTH SEXUAL ASSAULTS 152 00:06:23,280 --> 00:06:24,600 AND WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT 153 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:28,080 HAD THE HIGHEST RISK. 154 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:30,280 THIS IS ONE EXAMPLE OF WAYS THAT 155 00:06:30,280 --> 00:06:32,520 GENDER CAN HAVE DIRECT IMPACTS 156 00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:33,640 ON HEALTH. 157 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:37,600 ONE OF THE STEPS THAT ORWH HAS 158 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:41,520 TAKEN HAS BEEN TO CREATE A 159 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:42,280 YOUTH-FREE FRAMEWORK BRINGING 160 00:06:42,280 --> 00:06:44,680 WOMEN OF UNDER STUDIED, UNDER 161 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:46,200 REPRESENTED AND UNDER REPORTED 162 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:48,080 POPULATIONS INTO FOCUS WITH SO 163 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:50,120 FAR ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS 164 00:06:50,120 --> 00:06:53,760 TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES OF 165 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:54,720 CONCERNS. 166 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:56,080 THAT EXPLORES THE WAYS IN WHICH 167 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:57,120 SOCIALLY DETERMINED CATEGORIES 168 00:06:57,120 --> 00:06:59,200 LIKE GENDER, CREATE DIFFERENT 169 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:00,920 OUTCOMES FOR INDIVIDUALS AND 170 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:01,240 COMMUNITIES. 171 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:02,600 SO YOU CAN CHECK OUT INFORMATION 172 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:07,880 ON OUR RECENTLY UPDATED YOUTH 173 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:10,640 WEBSITE AND A END A U3 HEALTH 174 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:11,640 WOMEN HAVE HE'S AND THE 175 00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:13,440 INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE THERE. 176 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:14,880 WE'RE SO EXCITED TO SHARE WITH 177 00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:19,080 YOU THE NEWS OF OUR FIRST EVER 178 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:21,280 R25 CALLED GALVANIZING HEALTH 179 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:23,760 EQUITY THROUGH NOVEL, DIVERSE 180 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:25,520 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OR GENDER. 181 00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:28,680 THIS R25 HELPS MEET THE NEED FOR 182 00:07:28,680 --> 00:07:29,560 SPENDER-SPECIFIC TRAINING, 183 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:31,320 SCIENCE AND MEDICINE AND ALLIED 184 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:34,640 HEALTH PROFESSION SUPPORTS 185 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:36,040 COURSES, CURRICULA AND METHODS 186 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:39,480 FOR THE EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY. 187 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:40,880 OUR FIRST APPLICATION DUE DATE 188 00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:42,680 IS TOMORROW AND WE HAVE ONE IN 189 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:44,320 JUNE AND WE WANT TO THANK ALL OF 190 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:45,640 OUR INSTITUTES THAT ARE IN 191 00:07:45,640 --> 00:07:47,560 OFFICE PARTNERS FOR WORKING 192 00:07:47,560 --> 00:07:53,880 TOGETHER WITH US ON THIS 193 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:54,800 IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY. 194 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:57,280 WE REVIEWED NIH ONLY SEX AND 195 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:02,880 GENDER RO1 FOCUS ON HEALTH AND 196 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:06,080 DISEASE CONSEQUENCES WITH 11 197 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:07,520 INSTITUTES AND CENTRES WORKING 198 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:09,200 TO ACCEPT APPLICATIONS. 199 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:10,920 THIS ADDRESSES GOAL ONE OF THE 200 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:12,320 NIH WIDE STRATEGIC PLAN AND 201 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,200 TODAY WE HAVE FUNDED 17 GRANTS 202 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,000 THROUGH THIS PROGRAMME AND WITH 203 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:20,440 A VARIETY OF INSTITUTE AND 204 00:08:20,440 --> 00:08:31,160 CENTRE OFFICE PARTNERS. 205 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:33,080 WE HAVE A WEB PAGE THAT 206 00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:35,120 HIGHLIGHTS THE VARIETY OF 207 00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:37,280 E-LEARNING COURSES ON SEX AND 208 00:08:37,280 --> 00:08:38,440 GENDER RESEARCH WE HAVE PUT 209 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:40,360 FORWARD WITH OUR PARTNERS, WITH 210 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:42,440 SUPPORT FROM THE FDA, OFFICE OF 211 00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:43,880 WOMEN'S HEALTH, SUPPORT FROM THE 212 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:45,880 NIH OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, 213 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:46,960 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL 214 00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:48,080 MEDICAL SCIENCES FOR SOME OF 215 00:08:48,080 --> 00:08:51,080 THESE INCLUDING THE SABB PRIMMER 216 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:54,000 AS WELL AS A BENCH-TO BEDSIDE 217 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:56,080 COURSE TO IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH 218 00:08:56,080 --> 00:08:58,840 AND THERE ARE SIX MODULES 219 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:02,480 AVAILABLE WITH CME CREDITS FOR 220 00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:03,200 FREE. 221 00:09:03,200 --> 00:09:04,720 SO CHECK THAT INFORMATION OUT 222 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:12,000 AND WE'LL RELAUNCH OU COURSE VERY 223 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:12,200 SOON. 224 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:17,400 I WANT TO THANK OUR CO-CHAIRS, 225 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:18,880 THEY ARE WORKED TIRELESS LOW TO 226 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:20,120 BRING TO YOU THE PROGRAM WE HAVE 227 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:21,720 TODAY AND I'M EXCITED TO HEAR 228 00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:23,680 FROM ALL OF OUR SPEAKERS. 229 00:09:23,680 --> 00:09:27,800 I WANT TO THANK THE WORKSHOP 230 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:31,280 PLANNING COMMITTEE AND THE 231 00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:32,680 OFFICES EACH AND EVERY ONE OF 232 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:33,880 OUR WORKSHOP SPEAKERS ARE 233 00:09:33,880 --> 00:09:35,920 PRESENTERS ARE MODERATORS ARE 234 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:37,480 POSTER PRESENTERS AND 235 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:38,880 IMPORTANTLY EVERYONE WHO ALSO 236 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:40,000 WORKED BEHIND THE SCENES TO PRO 237 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:42,120 THE WORKSHOP INCLUDING OUR 238 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:43,560 CONTRACTORS AND COMMUNICATIONS 239 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:46,040 STAFF SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 240 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:48,400 AWFUL YOUR SUPPORT TO BRING US 241 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:49,200 WHERE WE ARE TODAY. 242 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:50,880 AND WITH THAT, I WILL TURN IT 243 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:58,880 BACK OVER TO Dr. BAR, WAYS TO 244 00:09:58,880 --> 00:10:02,920 LEARN MORE BENT IN THE FUTURE. 245 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:04,760 >> THANK YOU, Dr. CLAYTON AND 246 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:06,280 I WILL NOW PASS THE VIRTUAL 247 00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:11,320 STAGE TO Dr. RONNA POPKIN FROM 248 00:10:11,320 --> 00:10:11,520 NICHD. 249 00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:17,040 >> HELLO, EVERYONE, AND WELCOME. 250 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:18,760 THANK YOU Dr. CLAYTON, I WOULD 251 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:20,640 LIKE TO THANK EVERYONE WHO HAS 252 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:22,760 BEEN INVOLVED FROM BEGINNING TO 253 00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:24,520 END WITH ENABLING US TO BE HERE 254 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:26,240 TODAY WITH YOU FOR THIS WORKSHOP 255 00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:28,480 AND TO THANK ALL OF YOU FOR 256 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:29,080 BEING HERE. 257 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:30,880 AND ATTENDING. 258 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,600 AND I ALSO WANT TO GIVE A THANKS 259 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:36,480 TO MY TWO CO-CHAIRS, ELIZABETH 260 00:10:36,480 --> 00:10:38,600 BAR AND SARAH TEMKIN. 261 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:42,480 SO I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY SHARE 262 00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:47,520 WITH YOU TODAY SOME OF THE -- 263 00:10:47,520 --> 00:10:49,080 I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY SHARE WITH 264 00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:50,760 YOU SOME DATA ON THE SIZE AND 265 00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:52,880 SCOPE OF THE RECENT NIH 266 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:54,080 PORTFOLIO OF GRANTS SUPPORTING 267 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:57,520 RESEARCH ON GENDER AND HEALTH. 268 00:10:57,520 --> 00:10:59,880 BECAUSE THAT IS ONE OF THE WAYS 269 00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:02,240 THAT WE IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NEEDS 270 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:03,680 FOR SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOPS. 271 00:11:03,680 --> 00:11:05,680 SO THIS WILL HELP YOU ALL SEE 272 00:11:05,680 --> 00:11:07,960 HOW WE ARRIVED AT AN 273 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:09,760 UNDERSTANDING OF A NEED FOR A 274 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:10,960 WORKSHOP LIKE THIS AND THEN I 275 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:14,320 WILL REVIEW SOME OF OUR 276 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:21,360 OBJECTIVES FOR YOU TODAY. 277 00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:25,240 SO, ON THIS SLIDE HERE, YOU CAN 278 00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:26,760 SEE THAT A PIE CHART OF THE 279 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:29,480 NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL 280 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,080 NIH COMPETING GRANT AWARDS BY 281 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:34,800 INSTITUTE AND CENTER, FOR FISCAL 282 00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:37,080 YEARS 2017-2022. 283 00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:39,160 AND WE FOCUS ON COMPETING AWARDS 284 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:40,880 WHICH ARE THE INITIAL YEAR OF A 285 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:42,840 GRANT THAT HAD TO COMPETE IN THE 286 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:44,760 PEER REVIEW PROCESS BECAUSE THAT 287 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:46,320 ROUGHLY CAPTURES THE TOTAL 288 00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:49,080 NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN AN AREA OF 289 00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:49,400 SCIENCE. 290 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:51,640 AND I'M FIRST SHOWING YOU A PIE 291 00:11:51,640 --> 00:11:54,080 CHART OF ALL OF THE AWARDS THAT 292 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:58,680 NIH HAS ISSUED ACROSS THOSE SIX 293 00:11:58,680 --> 00:12:01,920 FISCAL YEARS BECAUSE TO FULLY 294 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:04,840 UNDER THE SCOPE IT'S HELPFUL TO 295 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:06,080 SITUATE THAT IN THE CONTEXT OF 296 00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:08,240 THE OVER ALL NIH GRANT 297 00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:08,600 PORTFOLIO. 298 00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:12,680 SO IN TOTAL, THE 27 NIH 299 00:12:12,680 --> 00:12:14,880 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS ISSUED 300 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:16,080 125,000 COMPETING AWARDS ACROSS 301 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:17,480 THE SIX-YEAR PERIOD. 302 00:12:17,480 --> 00:12:19,680 AND AS YOU CAN SEE, THE 303 00:12:19,680 --> 00:12:21,080 INSTITUTES ARE DIFFERENT SIZES 304 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:22,840 WITH OUR TWO LARGEST, THE 305 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:25,240 NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, AND 306 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:26,480 NCI AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 307 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:29,960 OF ALLERGY AND FEBRUARY ANXIOUS 308 00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:30,560 DISEASES, NIAID, TOGETHER 309 00:12:30,560 --> 00:12:32,680 ISSUING OVER A QUARTER OF ALL OF 310 00:12:32,680 --> 00:12:35,120 OUR NIH COMPETING AWARDS. 311 00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:38,040 SEVERAL MID SIZED INSTITUTES 312 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:41,080 HERE AND THE CENTER ISSUED 313 00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:43,120 BETWEEN 5% AND 9% OF THE NIH 314 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:45,840 AWARDS, AND THEN WE HAVE MANY 315 00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:47,400 SMALLER INSTITUTES AND CENTERS 316 00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:50,480 THAT EACH ISSUED BETWEEN 1% AND 317 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:53,160 3% OF THE AWARDS. 318 00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:54,840 NOW ON THIS SLIDE, YOU SEE THE 319 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:56,800 NUMBER OF COMPETING AWARDS, OVER 320 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:58,760 THAT SAME SIX-YEAR PERIOD THAT 321 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:00,560 WERE FOCUSED ON THE TOPICS. 322 00:13:00,560 --> 00:13:01,280 WORKSHOP TODAY. 323 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:03,080 THE IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL 324 00:13:03,080 --> 00:13:07,280 SEXISM, AND GENDER NORMS, POWER 325 00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:08,480 DYNAMICS AND INEQUITIES ON 326 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:08,680 HEALTH. 327 00:13:08,680 --> 00:13:11,280 OUT OF THOSE NEARLY 125,000 328 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:15,520 COMPETING AWARDS, 204 WERE 329 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:17,080 FOCUSED ON THESE GENDER AND 330 00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:18,720 HEALTH TOPICS AND AS YOU CAN 331 00:13:18,720 --> 00:13:20,840 SEE, THESE GENDER RELATED AWARDS 332 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:22,520 WERE CONCENTRATED IN A LIMITED 333 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:25,800 NUMBER OF INSTITUTES AND 334 00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:26,040 CENTERS. 335 00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:27,880 SO 16 OF OUR 27 INSTITUTES AND 336 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:29,720 CENTERS ISSUED AT LEAST ONE 337 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:31,880 COMPETING AWARD FOCUSED ON 338 00:13:31,880 --> 00:13:34,160 GENDER AND HEALTH BETWEEN 2017 339 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:39,080 AND 2022, BUT ONLY SEVEN OF 340 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:40,480 THOSE 16 ISSUED 10 OVER THAT 341 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:43,320 SAME TIME PERIOD. 342 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:45,000 MOVING BEYOND THE NUMBERS, AND 343 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,200 LOOKING AT THE SUB TOPICS OF 344 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:50,040 GENDER RELATED NIH-SUPPORTED 345 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:50,280 RESEARCH. 346 00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:52,640 A FEW THEMES JUMP OUT. 347 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:53,960 THIS IS A SCALED VISUALIZATION 348 00:13:53,960 --> 00:13:56,400 OF THE MAIN TOPICS AND SUB 349 00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:58,760 TOPICS WITHIN THOSE 204 GENDER 350 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:00,160 RELATE ADD WARDS AND YOU CAN SEE 351 00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:01,840 THAT HIV PREVENTION AND MENTAL 352 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:04,440 HEALTH RESEARCH COMPRISE A LARGE 353 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:08,800 PORTION OF THE EXISTING NIH 354 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:09,760 GENDER AND HEALTH PORTFOLIO. 355 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:11,560 YOU CAN SEE A SIZABLE PORTION OF 356 00:14:11,560 --> 00:14:13,520 THE PORTFOLIO HAS INVOLVED 357 00:14:13,520 --> 00:14:14,840 GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND THERE 358 00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:16,960 ARE OTHERS SMALLER CLUSTERS OF 359 00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:18,640 GENDER FOCUSED PROJECTS ON A 360 00:14:18,640 --> 00:14:22,880 RANGE OF TOPICS SUCH AS CANCER, 361 00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:24,760 HEART DISEASE, ALZHEIMER'S, 362 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:25,880 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND VIOLENCE 363 00:14:25,880 --> 00:14:29,160 AND ALL TOGETHER THE SNAPSHOT 364 00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:30,480 SHARED THOSE THAT SCIENCE 365 00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:32,000 FOCUSED ON GENERALLER AND HEALTH 366 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:33,600 ACCOUNTS FOR A SMALL SLIVER OF 367 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:36,480 THE OVER ALL NIH PORTFOLIO. 368 00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:38,560 AND YET, AS WE LEARN MORE ABOUT 369 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:41,280 TODAY, GENDER IMPACTS HEALTH IN 370 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:46,240 MYRIAD WAYS AND ACROSS MYRIAD 371 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:46,480 ISSUES. 372 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:50,680 SO THAT IS WHERE THE WORKSHOP 373 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:52,320 TODAY COMES IN. 374 00:14:52,320 --> 00:14:54,560 WE HAVE FIVE KEY OBJECTS HELPING 375 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:55,880 US UNDER THE CURRENT STATE OF 376 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:57,360 THE SCIENCE GENDER AND HEALTH 377 00:14:57,360 --> 00:14:59,360 AND HELP US IDENTIFY WHERE WE GO 378 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:00,080 FROM HERE. 379 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:02,720 OUR GOALS TODAY ARE TO REVIEW 380 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:04,400 DEFINITIONS, AND CONCEPTUAL 381 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:06,040 FRAMEWORKS TO HELP BUILD A 382 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:11,080 SHARED VOCABULARY ACROSS 383 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:12,120 DISCIPLINES EXERCISE ISSUES FOR 384 00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:14,080 STUDYING GENDER AND HEALTH AND 385 00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:16,080 TO IDENTIFY, MODIFIABLE FACTORS 386 00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:17,760 AND POINTS OF INTERVENTION TO 387 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:19,880 MITIGATE GENDER AND HEALTH 388 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,760 DISPARITIES, AND HIGHLIGHT 389 00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:23,880 EXISTING INTERVENTIONED AND 390 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:24,640 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES THAT 391 00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:26,400 TARGET THOSE DISPARITIES AT 392 00:15:26,400 --> 00:15:27,120 DIFFERENT LEVELS. 393 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:30,280 AND THEN FINALLY, WE WANT TO 394 00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:32,080 IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO FOSTER 395 00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:33,920 COLLABORATIONS, AND HELP ADVERSE 396 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:36,040 RESEARCH ON GENDER AND HEALTH. 397 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:37,600 SO THANK YOU AGAIN FOR JOINING 398 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:38,160 US TODAY. 399 00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:40,680 WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT WHAT WE CAN 400 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:41,720 ACCOMPLISH THROUGH YOUR 401 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:43,520 ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ARRAY OF 402 00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:45,040 SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS AND 403 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:46,280 POSTERS BEING SHARED. 404 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:51,080 SO LET'S GET STARTED. 405 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:51,840 >> THANK YOU. 406 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:54,160 IT'S AN HONOR TO INTRODUCE OUR 407 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:58,920 FIRST PLENARY SPEAKER, Dr. 408 00:15:58,920 --> 00:15:59,400 NANNY KREIGER. 409 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:01,400 SHE IS PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN 410 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:03,560 CANCER SOCIETY CLINICAL RESEARCH 411 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:04,800 PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF 412 00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:12,280 SOCIAL AND BEHAV BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 413 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:13,920 AND DIRECTOR OF INTER 414 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:15,320 DISCIPLINARY CONCENTRATION ON 415 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:18,480 WOMEN GENDER AND HEALTH. 416 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:22,960 HER FULL BIO IS HAVE A ABL ARE AVAILABLE O N 417 00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:24,520 THE SPEAKER BOOK AND THE NIH 418 00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:25,120 PAGE. 419 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:26,680 I CAN BRIEFLY NOTE THAT Dr. 420 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:28,560 KRIEGER IS AN INTERNATIONAL 421 00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:31,680 RECOGNIZED SOCIAL E EPIDEMIOLOGIST 422 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:34,320 WITH A BACKGROUND IN 423 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:35,920 BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE HISTORY OF 424 00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:37,080 PUBLIC-HEALTH COMBINED WITH 35 425 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:40,120 YEARS OF ACTIVISM LINKING ISSUES 426 00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:40,920 INVOLVING SOCIAL JUSTICE, 427 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:43,760 SCIENCE, AND HEALTH. 428 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:44,760 Dr. KRIEGER'S WORK ADDRESSES 429 00:16:44,760 --> 00:16:47,200 THREE TOPICS, CONCEPTUAL 430 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:48,280 FRAMEWORKS TO UNDERSTAND, 431 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:49,320 ANALYZE AND IMPROVE PEOPLE'S 432 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:52,120 HEALTH, INCLUDING HER ECO SOCIAL 433 00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:53,680 THEORY OF DISEASE DISTRIBUTION 434 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:56,480 WHICH IS FOCUSED ON EMBODIMENT 435 00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:57,240 AND EQUITY. 436 00:16:57,240 --> 00:16:59,600 SECOND, IDEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON 437 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:00,800 SOCIETAL DETERMINANTS OF 438 00:17:00,800 --> 00:17:02,960 POPULATION HEALTH AND HEALTH 439 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:03,880 INEQUITIES INCLUDING STRUCTURAL 440 00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:05,200 RACISM AND OTHER TYPES OF 441 00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:07,520 ADVERSE DISCRIMINATION AND 442 00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:09,280 THIRD, METH LOGICAL RESEARCH TO 443 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:11,520 IMPROVE MONITORING OF HEALTH 444 00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:12,680 INEQUITIES. 445 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:13,680 Dr. KRIEGER HAS GRACIOUSLY 446 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:15,080 PROVIDED A LIST OF RECOMMENDED 447 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:16,800 READING TO ACCOMPANY HER 448 00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:17,800 PRESENTATION TODAY, WHICH WILL 449 00:17:17,800 --> 00:17:20,240 BE AVAILABLE ON THE ORWH WEBSITE 450 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:22,280 AND IN THE VIRTUAL PLATFORM 451 00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:23,200 FOLLOWING THIS TALK. 452 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:25,480 AS A REMINDER, THOSE OF YOU 453 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:28,080 WATCHING ON VIDEO CAST CAN 454 00:17:28,080 --> 00:17:29,560 SUBMIT QUESTIONS USING THE LIVE 455 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:30,280 FEEDBACK FORM AND THOSE OF YOU 456 00:17:30,280 --> 00:18:21,120 IN THE VIRTUAL MEETING, ON 457 00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:22,200 DEMOCRATIC RULE AND SCIENTIFIC 458 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:23,360 EVIDENCE HAVE COME TO THE FLOOR 459 00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:25,240 ALL PROFOUNDLY INTERTWINED WITH 460 00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:28,960 ISSUES OF HEALTH JUSTICE. 461 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:30,280 TOPICS I WILL BRIEF LOW ADDRESS 462 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:32,040 INCLUDE CRITICAL SCIENCE FOR 463 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,680 ANALYZING GENDER SEXES AND 464 00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:37,920 EMBODIMENT AND BY EMPIRICAL 465 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:39,960 EXAMPLES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR 466 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:40,640 TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE AND WORK 467 00:18:40,640 --> 00:18:42,080 TO ADVANCE HEALTH JUSTICE. 468 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:43,680 OF COURSE, NONE OF THESE ARE NEW 469 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:45,320 ISSUES WITH THESE TOPICS BEING 470 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:46,880 BUT ANOTHER ROUND IN A VERY LONG 471 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:48,320 LINE OF DEBATE. 472 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:49,880 SOME EXAMPLES SHARED IN THIS 473 00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:51,680 SLIDE START WITH FIRST TO QUOTE 474 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:55,880 FROM THE VERSION OF TRUTH 1851 475 00:18:55,880 --> 00:19:17,720 SPEECH RELEVANT TO ALL GENDER 476 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:18,440 IDENTITIES. 477 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:19,520 NEXT RUTH HUBBARD CONTRIBUTIONS 478 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:21,880 AS A BIOLOGIST, 35 PLUS YEARS 479 00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:24,400 LATER, NAMING QUOTE-UNQUOTE 480 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:27,360 BIOLOGICAL WOMEN AS THE 481 00:19:27,360 --> 00:19:28,280 CONVENIENT MYTH TO BE 482 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:31,640 COUNTEREDDED BY STUDY BIOLOGY. 483 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:33,640 NEXT 15 YEARS LATER THE CRITICAL 484 00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:36,320 INTERVENTION OF SISTER SONG ON 485 00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:39,360 THE 1994 STATEMENTED BY BLACK 486 00:19:39,360 --> 00:19:42,440 FEMINIST FOR THE FRAMEWORK OF 487 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:43,400 REPRODUCT TUR JUSTICE FOR HOW 488 00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:45,120 MANY AN RITZ AND ALL THEIR 489 00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:46,840 DIMENSIONS AND LASTLY EXTENDING 490 00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:52,440 THE DOUGH BAITDEBATES AND AS ILLUSTRATED B Y 491 00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:55,440 QUOTES FROM RAEWYN CON HE WILL. 492 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:57,560 THERE'S AN UNDERLINE PERSPECTIVE 493 00:19:57,560 --> 00:19:59,840 WHETHER IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT. 494 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:01,040 LET ME GROUND MY ARGUMENTS 495 00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:03,040 AFFORDED BY THE ECO SOCIAL 496 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:05,480 THEORY OF DISEASE DISTRIBUTION I 497 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:07,880 PROPOSED IN 1994 AND FEATURES I 498 00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:11,120 ELABORATED IN MY NEW BOOK. 499 00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:15,160 THIS THEORY IS CENTRALLY FOCUSED 500 00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:17,480 AS WE AS BEINGS LIKE ANY LIVING 501 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:19,520 CREATURE, DAILY INTEGRATE AND 502 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:21,680 EMBODY BIOLOGICALLY ARE 503 00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:23,160 ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT PRODUCING 504 00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:25,720 POPULATION PATTERNS OF HEALTH 505 00:20:25,720 --> 00:20:26,600 AND HEALTH INEQUITIES. 506 00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:28,280 CORE TO CONSIDER ARE LEVELS, 507 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:30,800 PATHWAYS AND POWER. 508 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:31,640 TIME IN RELATION TO LIFE COURSE 509 00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:33,760 AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN 510 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:35,600 GENERATIONS, AND ALSO HOW 511 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:36,480 INEQUITIES SOCIAL RELATIONS AND 512 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:38,600 PARTICULAR INVOLVING RACISM, 513 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:40,880 CLASS, GENDER AND SEXUALITY ARE 514 00:20:40,880 --> 00:20:42,800 CONNECTED AND JOINTLY EMBODY 515 00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:44,480 THEIR BY SHAPING POPULATION 516 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:45,760 DISTRIBUTIONS OF HEALTH BY A 517 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:47,440 PATHWAYS INVOLVING BOTH 518 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,280 POLITICAL ECONOMY AND POLITICAL 519 00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:50,880 ECOLOGY. 520 00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:52,680 ECHO SOCIAL SER THESE FOURTH 521 00:20:52,680 --> 00:20:56,240 CONSTRUCT, AGENCY AND 522 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:57,720 ACCOUNTABLE, REFERS TO WHO AT 523 00:20:57,720 --> 00:20:59,080 WHAT IS RESPONSIBILITY FOR 524 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:00,480 HEALTH INEQUITIES AND THE 525 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:01,760 RESEARCH TO EXPLAIN POPULATION 526 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:02,120 HEALTH. 527 00:21:02,120 --> 00:21:03,880 AT ISSUE IS WHO BENEFITS FROM 528 00:21:03,880 --> 00:21:06,560 INJUSTICE AND RESEARCH WHICH 529 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:08,680 IGNORES INJUSTICE AND BY THE 530 00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:09,800 OVERT SUPPRESSION LACK OF 531 00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:11,200 FUNDING AND SELF-SENSE TO BE 532 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:12,880 SHIP THAT LIMITS RESEARCH ON 533 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:13,480 THESE ISSUES. 534 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:15,080 BEYOND THIS, EMBODIMENT MEANS 535 00:21:15,080 --> 00:21:16,280 WE'RE NOT A MEMBER OF A 536 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:17,880 PARTICULAR RADIALIZED GROUP ONE 537 00:21:17,880 --> 00:21:19,440 DIE AND HAVE A PARTICULAR GENDER 538 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:21,320 IDENTITY OR SEXUAL ORIENTATION 539 00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:22,480 ON ANOTHER AND STILL ANOTHER DAY 540 00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:25,080 OF A PARTICULAR SOCIAL CLASS OR 541 00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:26,520 WEALTH AND INCOME AND 542 00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:27,120 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL. 543 00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:28,960 WE'RE ALL OF THESE AT ONCE AND 544 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:30,480 THE SAME HOLDS FOR OUR 545 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:31,880 NATIONALITY, IMMIGRATION STATUS, 546 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:33,160 PRIMARY LANGUAGE, DISABILITY 547 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:33,760 STATUS, ET CETERA. 548 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:35,440 AND ALSO, OF COURSE, THE PLACES 549 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:37,680 WHERE WE LIVE AND WORK. 550 00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:40,040 THE NOTION THAT BIOLOGY IS 551 00:21:40,040 --> 00:21:42,040 EXPRESSED IN IS HE SIGHTAL AND 552 00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:43,760 ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT IS SHAPED BY 553 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,480 HISTORY IS CORE TO ANALYSIS OF 554 00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:48,000 BIOLOGY DEVELOPMENT EVOLUTION 555 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:50,840 FOR ALL SPECIES AND WE'RE ALWAYS 556 00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:52,880 SOCIAL BEINGS AND BIOLOGICAL 557 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:54,360 ORGANISMS AND INHABITING AND 558 00:21:54,360 --> 00:21:57,480 BEING SHAPED BY AND SHAPING A 559 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:01,840 WORLD WHICH ENTWINED HISTORY OF 560 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:04,880 ECOLOGY AS SHOWN BY THIS FIGURE 561 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:09,320 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGIST AND AND A 562 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:12,480 MARGARIE GROWN O GREEN. 563 00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:14,640 WITH CENTRAL TEE GREEN STATED, 564 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:18,680 PERSONS ARE HUMAN ORGANISMS BUT 565 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:19,040 PERSONALIZED. 566 00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:20,360 THEY HAVE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE 567 00:22:20,360 --> 00:22:22,160 BUT THEY'RE ANIMALS EXPERIENCING 568 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:24,160 ANIMALS YET SURELY IS EMBODIED 569 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:26,240 AS ANY OTHER ANIMALS AND THEY'RE 570 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:28,120 ALSO PHYSICAL SYSTEMS AS WELL. 571 00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:29,880 BUT THEY ACHIEVE PERSONALIZATION 572 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:31,400 OF THEIR BODILY AND PHYSICAL 573 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:33,440 NATURE THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN 574 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:35,080 A CULTURE IN OTHER WORDS, TO BE 575 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:36,800 A PERSON IS ANNA ACHIEVEMENT OF 576 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:39,160 HUMAN ORGANISMS MEDIATED BY 577 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:41,400 PARTICIPATION AND CULTURE. 578 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:42,560 OR TO PULL IT ANOTHER WAY, A 579 00:22:42,560 --> 00:22:43,760 DEVELOPED HUMAN BEING IS ONE OF 580 00:22:43,760 --> 00:22:45,680 THE SAME TIME A PERSONALIZATION 581 00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:50,480 OF NATURE AND AN EMBODIMENT OF 582 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:51,560 CULTURE. 583 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:53,760 GROUND ERINAL SIS BACK IN 2003, 584 00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:55,880 I OFFERED THIS ARTICLE THAT 585 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:58,240 PARSED 12 EXAMPLES TO CONSIDER 586 00:22:58,240 --> 00:22:59,440 SCENARIOS IN WHICH GENDER 587 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:04,560 RELATIONS AND OR SEX BY BIOLOGY 588 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:06,480 MATTER FOR THE EXPOSURE OUTCOME 589 00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:08,040 UNDER ANALYSIS. 590 00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:09,200 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SEX LINK 591 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:10,400 BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL 592 00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:12,200 EXPRESSIONS OF GENDER, IT 593 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:13,280 OFFERED EPIDEMIOLOGISTS AND 594 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:16,680 OTHERS A USEFUL WAY TO CONSIDER 595 00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:18,960 THE VARIABLES NECESSARY TO 596 00:23:18,960 --> 00:23:20,000 CONDUCT RIGOROUS SCIENCE. 597 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:21,760 IN THE NEARLY TWO DECADES SINCE, 598 00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:23,160 THERE'S BEEN A FLOURISHING OF 599 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:24,360 WORK INCLUDING BY PEOPLE PRESENT 600 00:23:24,360 --> 00:23:26,080 TODAY AT THIS WORKSHOP, FLUSHING 601 00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:28,040 OUT AS IT WERE, WHAT IT MEANS TO 602 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:29,560 UNDERSTAND, LIVE AND ANALYZE THE 603 00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:31,560 JOINT REALITIES OF GENDER, SEXES 604 00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:34,480 AND SEXUALITY AS SOCIALLY 605 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:37,200 PRODUCED RELATIONAL CATEGORY. 606 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:38,080 THEY REVOLVE WHAT THEY REFERRED 607 00:23:38,080 --> 00:23:40,240 TO AS QUOTE ECONOMIC AND 608 00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:41,280 REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND 609 00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,240 BEHAVIOR END QUOTE AND ANY SUCH 610 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:50,640 CAR GORE GAYS INCLUDING THOSE 611 00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:52,320 CATEGORIES AND IT'S HELP TO 612 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,040 REMIND THAT BIOLOGICAL 613 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:56,120 REPRODUCTION IS REAL AND IT'S 614 00:23:56,120 --> 00:23:59,880 HELPFUL TO BE EXPLICIT WHY 615 00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:00,960 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EXIST AND 616 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:06,400 MIXING DNA IS A DEFENSE AGAINST 617 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:08,280 EVOLVING MICROBES AND DESPITE 618 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:09,920 SUCH REPRODUCTION BEING MORE 619 00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:11,080 COMPLICATED, WHICH IS LIKELY THE 620 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:12,680 MOST COMMON FORM OF REPRODUCTION 621 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:14,840 ON THIS PLANET GIVING THE 622 00:24:14,840 --> 00:24:16,880 OVERWHELMING PREDOMINANCE OF 623 00:24:16,880 --> 00:24:17,240 SAID MICROBES. 624 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:18,320 THE FACT THAT SEXUAL 625 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:19,920 REPRODUCTION IS REAL AND IT'S 626 00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:22,280 MET BY PEOPLE REFERRED TO WITH A 627 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:23,680 SHORT HAND WORT SEX DOES NOT 628 00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:27,640 MEAN THAT ALL HUMAN SIGNIFICANT HUMAN THIN KING 629 00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:29,280 ABOUT SEX BIOLOGY IS REAL AND 630 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:31,440 PEOPLE IN DIVERSE SOCIETY AND 631 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:32,720 DIVERSE TIMES HAVE COME UP WITH 632 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:34,360 ALL SORTS OF WAYS OF 633 00:24:34,360 --> 00:24:35,720 CONSTRUCTING CATEGORIZING AND 634 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:39,280 REGULATING EXPRESSION WITHIN AND 635 00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,240 ACROSS GENERATIONS. 636 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:42,760 THESE LIVED CATEGORIES ARE THE 637 00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:43,840 SIMULTANEOUSLY STRUCTURAL AND 638 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:45,600 ENFORCED BY GOVERNANCE AND NORMS 639 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,480 AND EMBODY DYNAMICALLY As 640 00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:48,200 CROSS THE LIFE COURSE. 641 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:50,080 AND A CRITICAL AND CORE TENSION 642 00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:52,320 DEEPLY BUILT INTO THOSE LIVED 643 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:53,560 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS PERTAINS TO 644 00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:55,800 THE CONTROL OF BOTH BOY LOGICAL 645 00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:59,000 AND SOCIAL INHERITANCE AS 646 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:00,080 EXPRESSIONED BY-LAWS AND 647 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:02,840 SEXUALITY AND ABORTION AND 648 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:04,080 ENSLAVEMENT, ET CETERA. 649 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:05,800 LURKING HYPED THE POWER ARE THE 650 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:07,720 REAL EXISTENCE OF SOCIAL 651 00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:08,880 INCLUDING SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS 652 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:12,160 AND SOCIETAL STRUCTURING OF 653 00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:13,080 INHERITANCE OF KIN AND PROPERTY 654 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:16,880 WITHIN AND ACROSS GENERATIONS. 655 00:25:16,880 --> 00:25:18,800 ONE IMPLICATION OF THIS WAY OF 656 00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:19,960 THINKING IS TO RECOGNIZE THAT 657 00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:23,120 ALL CATEGORIES PERTAINING TO 658 00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:27,400 GENDER SEX AND ARE INTRINSICALLY 659 00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:28,080 RELATIONAL TO EACH AND 660 00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:28,920 THEMSELVES. 661 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:30,720 WE LIVE THEM INTERTWINED WITH 662 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:32,040 EACH OTHER AND RELATIONSHIPS 663 00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:33,840 INCLUDING SOCIAL CLASS, RACISM, 664 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:35,200 ET CETERA AND BY RELATIONAL I 665 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:36,440 MEAN THEY'RE CO DE FIND. 666 00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:39,840 THERE'S NO QUOTE-UNQUOTE FEMALE 667 00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:41,520 WITHOUT MALE AND NO NON BINARY 668 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:43,680 WITHOUT BINARY NO CISGENDER 669 00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:48,400 WITHOUT TRANSGENDER NO 670 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:49,880 HETEROSEXUAL LGBTQ ET CETERA. 671 00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:51,400 WITH MORE KNOWLEDGE SOCIALLY 672 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:53,920 INTERESTED AND REPROD ACROSS 673 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:55,920 GENERATIONS AND ENFORCED BY 674 00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:57,440 GOVERNANCE AND NORMS AND THIS 675 00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:00,080 MEANS CHANGE IS POSSIBLE. 676 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:03,480 THE SECOND IMPLICATION IS THE 677 00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:08,480 NONI WE HAVE LENT O --THEY'RE REALITIES ST EMMING FROM 678 00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:10,720 THE REALITIES OF SEXUAL 679 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:13,080 REPRODUCTION WHERE RACE IS A 680 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:14,680 WHOLLY MADE UP SOCIAL CATEGORY 681 00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:16,600 BORN OF RACISM AND ENSLAVEMENT 682 00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:19,320 AND BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM AND 683 00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:22,520 THOSE SEXISM AND RACISM HAVE 684 00:26:22,520 --> 00:26:24,280 SIMILARITIES THE IDEOLOGIES AND 685 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,880 BOTH ARE ENTANGLED OVER CONTROL 686 00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:29,400 OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL 687 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:30,480 INHERITANCE, PARTICULARLY 688 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:31,280 PROPERTY, THEY DIFFER IN THEIR 689 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:32,720 LIVED EXPRESSION AND SOME VERY 690 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:33,520 KEY WAYS. 691 00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:35,280 ONE SUCH KEY WAY CONCERNS THE 692 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:37,520 SPACIAL AND SOCIAL SEGREGATION, 693 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:39,880 TIED TO SEXISM, RACISM AND CLASS 694 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,680 AND UNITS THE REPRODUCTION AND 695 00:26:42,680 --> 00:26:43,880 UNJUST TREATMENT BY GENDER. 696 00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:45,480 ALL WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR 697 00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,080 POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF 698 00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,280 HEALTH AND HEALTH INEQUITIES. 699 00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:50,800 FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLDS AND 700 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:51,600 NEIGHBORHOODS ARE NOT SEGREGATED 701 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:54,000 BY GENDER, THEY SOMETIMES CAN 702 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:56,200 BE, BUT ARE SEGREGATED BY CLASS 703 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:58,880 AND CLASS DIVIDED BY SOCIETY AND 704 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:00,280 RADIALIZED GROUPS AND RACIST 705 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:00,560 SOCIETIES. 706 00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:02,360 BY CONTRAST, CONTEMPORARY 707 00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:03,640 EDUCATIONAL WORKPLACE ROW LIGE 708 00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:05,240 US SPORTS MILITARY AND 709 00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,600 INSTITUTIONS THERE MAY BE BOTH 710 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:09,040 LEGAL AS WELL AS DEFACTOR 711 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:11,120 SEGREGATION BY GENDER ALONG WITH 712 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:13,360 DEFACTO BY CLASS AND RADIALIZED 713 00:27:13,360 --> 00:27:13,600 GROUPS. 714 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,080 A DIFFERENTLY, UNJUST TREATMENT 715 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:17,280 WITHIN FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS 716 00:27:17,280 --> 00:27:19,200 AND PUBLIC SETTINGS INCLUDING 717 00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:20,080 NEIGHBORHOODS AND WITHIN 718 00:27:20,080 --> 00:27:21,480 INSTITUTIONS, CAN AND TYPICALLY 719 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:23,360 DOES VARY BY SOCIETAL CONTEXT 720 00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:26,080 AND SOCIAL GROUP MEMBERSHIPS. 721 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:28,080 A THIRD IMPLICATION FOR GENDER 722 00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:29,920 TRANSFORMATIVE SCIENCE IS TO THE 723 00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:31,880 IMPERATIVE TO LEAD WITH FRONT 724 00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:33,880 FOOT NOT BACK FOOT ARGUMENTS. 725 00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:36,080 HOW GENDER INJUSTICE HARMS 726 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:37,960 HEALTH AND WAYS THAT MAY OR MAY 727 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:40,480 NOT INTERACT WITH SEX LINK 728 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:40,680 BIOLOGY. 729 00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:42,680 IT'S TIME, PAST TIME TO STOP 730 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:44,200 LEADING WITH BACK FOOT ARGUMENTS 731 00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:47,440 THAT BEGIN BY TRYING TO REFUTE 732 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:48,760 ESSENTIALIST CLAIMS BY 733 00:27:48,760 --> 00:27:49,800 QUOTE-UNQUOTE SEX DIFFERENCES. 734 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:51,600 THE KEY POINT TO THAT FIRST, 735 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,040 WHAT GETS EXPRESSED IS EMBODY 736 00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:55,680 BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPES WILL 737 00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:57,680 ALWAYS DEPEND ON CONTEXT AND THE 738 00:27:57,680 --> 00:28:00,720 CAPACITY TO THRIVE HAS A 739 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:01,280 SEXUALLY REPRODUCING SPECIES 740 00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:03,080 DEPENDS ON MUCH MORE THAN SEX 741 00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:04,400 LINK BIOLOGY. 742 00:28:04,400 --> 00:28:05,920 ANY ANALYSIS OF GENDER AND 743 00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:07,480 POPULATION HEALTH AND HEALTH 744 00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:08,880 INEQUITIES MUST RECOGNIZING 745 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:09,840 MEASURE HOW GENDER STRUCTURES 746 00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:11,600 AND EXPERIENCES BECOME EMBODIED 747 00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:13,720 AND SHAPE POPULATION 748 00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:14,480 DISTRIBUTIONS OF HEALTH WITHIN 749 00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:16,480 AND ACROSS HE SOCIETAL GROUPS. 750 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:18,200 OF COURSE, PEOPLE NOT ONLY 751 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:19,280 EMBODY BUT CAN CHANGE THEIR 752 00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:21,280 CULTURE AND THEIR SOCIETIES MORE 753 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:21,520 BROADLY. 754 00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:23,200 CONSIDER THE CASES OF ABOLITION 755 00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:28,520 OF SLAVELY AND FRANCHISE MANY OF 756 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:30,000 WOMEN, SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND 757 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:33,480 NATIONAL LAWS STILL PROHIBITING 758 00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:34,280 SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS. 759 00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:35,520 THIS STANCE WHICH PROJECTS 760 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:39,280 DETERMINISM AND EMBRACED THE 761 00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:40,440 CONTINGENCY CHALLENGES THE HAVE 762 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:45,440 YOU EXPRESSED THE DESIGNED IN 763 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:47,400 199 WHO QUINTE THE TERM EUGENICS 764 00:28:47,400 --> 00:28:52,800 AND INVENTED HIS QUEST TO PROVE 765 00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:54,880 THAT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION WAS 766 00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:55,920 HEREDITY NOT ENVIRONMENT. 767 00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:57,960 SEEKING TO EXPLAIN POPULATION 768 00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:02,560 DISTRIBUTION, HE DESIGNED HIS 769 00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:04,080 QUINNCUNX THAT BOUNCED OFF 770 00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:09,080 RANDOMLY BOUNCED OFF PINS WOULD 771 00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:10,160 FALL INTO DIFFERENT BINS AND PRO 772 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:10,880 DISTRIBUTION WITH THE HEIGHT OF 773 00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:12,520 THE COLUMN REPRESENTING THE 774 00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:13,480 PROBABILITY OF DIFFERENT 775 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:16,680 PATHWAYS OF DISSENT AND TO GAL 776 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:17,480 TON IT DEMONSTRATED THE PROPERTY 777 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:19,400 OF WHAT HE CALLED THE LAW OF 778 00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:21,400 FREQUENCY OF ERROR END QUOTE, A 779 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,880 LAW QUOTE HE WOULD HAVE BEEN 780 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:26,120 PERSONIFIED BY THE GREEKS IF 781 00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:27,360 THEY HAD KNOWN OF IT. 782 00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:29,640 EACH ELEMENTS SORTED INTO PLACE 783 00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:31,760 FINDS AS IT WERE A NICHE 784 00:29:31,760 --> 00:29:33,880 ACCURATELY ADAPTED TO FIT IT END 785 00:29:33,880 --> 00:29:34,080 QUOTE. 786 00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:36,040 CONSIDER THE ALTERNATIVE 787 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:37,200 MECHANICAL DEVOICE SHOWN TO THE 788 00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:37,400 RIGHT. 789 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:47,280 IT WAS BUILT BY 20th SENT -- 790 00:29:47,280 --> 00:29:50,240 INTER PLAYING THE INTER PLAY OF 791 00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:51,440 STRUCTURE AND CHANCE OF THIS 792 00:29:51,440 --> 00:29:55,520 OFFERS AN ILLUMINATING FOR 793 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:56,840 SHOWING HOW THEY CHANGE 794 00:29:56,840 --> 00:29:58,280 POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS 795 00:29:58,280 --> 00:29:59,680 INCLUDING OF IDENTICAL 796 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:01,000 INDIVIDUALS AND DO SO BY 797 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:02,480 EFFECTING THE UNDERLYING 798 00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:03,960 PROBABILITIES OF EVENTS RANDOMLY 799 00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:05,840 OCCURRING TO THE POPULATIONS' 800 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:06,280 INDIVIDUALS. 801 00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:08,160 THIS MEANS THAT OBSERVED EMBODY 802 00:30:08,160 --> 00:30:09,480 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POPULATIONS 803 00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:11,640 ARE SIMPLY THAT. 804 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:12,720 OBSERVED 'EM BESIDE' DIFFERENCES 805 00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:15,680 AND A GIVEN CONTEXT NOT CLEAR 806 00:30:15,680 --> 00:30:18,160 CUT INDICATORS OF INNATE 807 00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:19,240 DIFFERENCES. 808 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:20,200 STRUCTURE CHANCE SEIZE THIS 809 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:21,480 CLEARLY AND THE STRUCTURING 810 00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:24,520 PLAYS OUT OVER TIME AND 811 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:25,080 DIFFERENT SPACIAL SCALES AS 812 00:30:25,080 --> 00:30:25,280 WELL. 813 00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:27,200 TWO IMPLICATIONS OF THE ECO 814 00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:29,160 SOCIAL CONSTRUCT ARE THE NEED TO 815 00:30:29,160 --> 00:30:30,880 REJECT BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM 816 00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:33,400 AND EMBRACE INSTEAD EMBODIED 817 00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:34,040 INCOMPETENT INAUGURATION. 818 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:37,480 THIS INCREASELY SCALE OF HYPER 819 00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:38,920 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH MOMENT IT'S 820 00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:40,080 CRITICAL TO EMPHASIZE THE 821 00:30:40,080 --> 00:30:42,080 DRIVERS OF CURRENT AND CHANGING 822 00:30:42,080 --> 00:30:45,120 SOCIETAL DISEASE INCLUDING 823 00:30:45,120 --> 00:30:46,280 HEALTH EQUITIES ARE PEOPLE'S 824 00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:48,240 BODIES AND RESIDE INSTEAD IN THE 825 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:49,080 BODY POLITIC. 826 00:30:49,080 --> 00:30:51,280 NOR CAN EXPLANATIONS DISEASE 827 00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:52,600 DISTRIBUTION TO EXPLANATIONS OF 828 00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:54,480 DISEASE MECHANISMS, SINCE THE 829 00:30:54,480 --> 00:30:55,960 LATTER DID NOT ACCOUNT WERE 830 00:30:55,960 --> 00:30:58,440 RATES IN POPULATION PATTERNS OF 831 00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:01,400 DISEASE CHANGE IN COMPLEX WAYS 832 00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:02,880 OVER TIME AND PLACE. 833 00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:04,920 TO DISTINGUISHED AS BIOLOGICAL 834 00:31:04,920 --> 00:31:06,880 EXPRESSIONS OF INJUSTICE VERSUS 835 00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:09,080 UNJUST INTERPRETATIONS OF 836 00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:12,000 BIOLOGY AND THE FIRST OF THESE 837 00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:13,880 ADVERSE AND BODY TO CLASS AND 838 00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:16,800 JUSTICE, RACISM, GENDER BINARY 839 00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:18,120 ET CETERA AND AN EFFECT 840 00:31:18,120 --> 00:31:21,080 CONSTITUTE THE EMBODY PHENOTYPES 841 00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:22,920 WHICH JUSTICE IS BIOLOGICALLY 842 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:23,480 EXPRESSED. 843 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:25,800 THE SECOND OF THESE REFERS HOW 844 00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:26,960 IT CAN DIS OR THE UNDERSTANDING 845 00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:28,960 OF BIOLOGY WHEN SOCIAL GROUP 846 00:31:28,960 --> 00:31:30,920 DIFFERENCES AND HEALTH REASSUMED 847 00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:33,160 TO RISE FROM INNATE BIOLOGY AND 848 00:31:33,160 --> 00:31:34,720 IMAGINE STARTING INSTEAD WITH A 849 00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:36,560 PREMISE OF SHARED HUMANITY AND 850 00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:38,040 DIGNITY AND RECOGNIZING THAT IN 851 00:31:38,040 --> 00:31:40,360 SEXIST AND RADIALIZED UNJUST 852 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:41,400 SOCIETIES, GOOD LUCK FINDING 853 00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:43,280 HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT DON'T 854 00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:48,120 MANIFEST A SEXIST AND RADIALIZED 855 00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:48,760 HEALTH INEQUITIES. 856 00:31:48,760 --> 00:31:50,280 AN ANTI ESSENTIALIST AND BY 857 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:52,040 DEFINITION ANTI SEXIST AND 858 00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:53,520 ANTIRACIST SCIENCE IS ESSENTIAL. 859 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:55,560 THE POINT OF ANALYZING 860 00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:56,840 SCIENTIFICALLY HOW SEXISM OR 861 00:31:56,840 --> 00:31:58,680 RACISM OR ANY FORM OF INJUSTICE 862 00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:01,240 HARMS HEALTH, IS NOT TO OF THAT 863 00:32:01,240 --> 00:32:02,320 INJUSTICE IS PRONG SINCE IT IS 864 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:02,880 BY DEFINITION. 865 00:32:02,880 --> 00:32:05,360 NOR IS THE POINT TO DO 866 00:32:05,360 --> 00:32:06,440 QUOTE-UNQUOTE POLITICALLY 867 00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:08,080 CORRECT SCIENCE THE POINT IS TO 868 00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:10,360 DO CORRECT SCIENCE TO GENERATE 869 00:32:10,360 --> 00:32:11,680 PUBLICLY TESTABLE AND TESTED 870 00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:16,640 KNOWLEDGE THAT -- ASKER STAIN IF 871 00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:18,400 THESE DISTRIBUTIONS ARE 872 00:32:18,400 --> 00:32:19,600 INEQUITABLE AND CRUCIAL TO DO 873 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:20,880 THIS WORK KEEPING HISTORY IN 874 00:32:20,880 --> 00:32:22,720 MIND, THE SOCIETAL HISTORY OF 875 00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:24,000 PROBLEM AND DATA AND THE 876 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,080 INDIVIDUAL OR LIFE COURSE IN 877 00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:27,760 RELATION TO EXPOS AND AGE OF 878 00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:29,760 ONSET OF DISEASE AND THE 879 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:31,000 PATHOLOGICAL CELLULAR HISTORY 880 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:32,480 AND IDEOLOGICAL PERIOD, HOW LONG 881 00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:34,200 IT TAKES FOR DISEASE TO DEVELOP 882 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:36,160 AND GIVEN EXPOSURE AND FOURTH 883 00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:37,240 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY TO GAIN IN 884 00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:39,880 SIGHT INTO THE BIOLOGIES 885 00:32:39,880 --> 00:32:41,240 EMBODIMENT, WE AND ALL LIFE ON 886 00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:45,160 THIS PLANET LIVE AS EMERGENT 887 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:46,240 PHONY TYPES AND UNDERSTAND HOW 888 00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:48,040 WE EMBODY HISTORY IS KEY TO 889 00:32:48,040 --> 00:32:49,240 CHANGING HISTORY FOR HEALTH 890 00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:50,400 JUSTICE WE BRINGS ME TO THE 891 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:51,480 CONTEXT OF THIS LECTURE. 892 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:53,240 WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT IS 893 00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:55,520 SIMULTANEOUSLY ALIVE WITH LIFE 894 00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:59,080 AND BEAUTY AND ALSO RAMPANT AND 895 00:32:59,080 --> 00:32:59,880 DESTRUCTION CONJOINED NOW WITH 896 00:32:59,880 --> 00:33:00,720 CLIMATE CRISIS. 897 00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:03,280 THE PAST FOUR DECADES OF 898 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:04,480 ECONOMICS BUILDING ON SENT ROWS 899 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:08,080 OF COLONIALISM HAVE LED TO A 900 00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:09,200 WORLD OF GREG SOCIAL SPACIAL 901 00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:10,760 POLARIZATION WITH EVERY GREATER 902 00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:12,320 CONCENTRATIONS OF PRIVATE HEALTH 903 00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:15,240 AS EPITOMIZED BY THE FACT IN 904 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:17,080 2019 ARE RICHEST 1% OF THE 905 00:33:17,080 --> 00:33:19,880 WORLD'S POPULATION OPENED 44% OF 906 00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:20,280 WEALTH. 907 00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:21,760 MAX SCALE SHOWED THE U.S. 908 00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:22,880 BLOATED WITH BILLIONAIRES WHILE 909 00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:28,080 THE AFRICAN CONTINENT, DWINDLES 910 00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:28,800 TO THE NEAREST THREAD. 911 00:33:28,800 --> 00:33:30,920 IN THE U.S. WHERE THE TOP 1% ON 912 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,280 GREATER SHARE OF WEALTH AND 1% 913 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:34,840 COUNTERPARTS IN EUROPEAN 914 00:33:34,840 --> 00:33:36,280 COUNTRIES AND THREE WHITE MEN 915 00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:37,680 OWN AS MUCH WEALTH AS OTHER% OF 916 00:33:37,680 --> 00:33:38,720 THE POPULATION. 917 00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:40,600 CORPORATE TAXES OF PLUMMETED AS 918 00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:44,720 THE INCOME AND WEALTH SOARED AND 919 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:46,200 INTRA GENERAL MOBILITY IS ON 920 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:46,880 SKIDS. 921 00:33:46,880 --> 00:33:48,280 LONGSTANDING AND ENORMOUS WEALTH 922 00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:49,760 GAPS BY RADIALIZED GROUPS ARE ON 923 00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:54,600 THE RISE AND IN 2019, U.S. WHITE 924 00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:57,600 MEDIUM HOUSEHOLD EIGHT TIMES AND 925 00:33:57,600 --> 00:33:59,880 4.8 OF LATINO AND CHILDREN ARE 926 00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:01,200 EVEN MORE STARK. 927 00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:03,480 AND COVID-19 HIT. 928 00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:04,760 EXACERBATING ALL OF THESE TRENDS 929 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:08,280 WITH BILLIONAIRES BALLOONING IN 930 00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:12,400 WEALTH AND EVERYONE ELSE LOST. 931 00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:13,720 BILLIONAIRE WEALTH HAS GROWN BY 932 00:34:13,720 --> 00:34:15,720 43% SINCE THE START OF THE 933 00:34:15,720 --> 00:34:17,400 PANDEMIC WITH ONE NEW 934 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:19,560 BILLIONAIRE CREATED EVERY 33 935 00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:20,960 HOURS AND PEOPLE HAVE BEEN 936 00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:22,960 FORCED INTO EXTREME POVERTY AND 937 00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:24,640 ALL OF THESE EQUITIES AND TRENDS 938 00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:27,000 ARE STRUCTURED BY GENDER 939 00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:27,840 INJUSTICE AS WELL. 940 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:30,840 I SUMMARIZE THE 2020 U.N. DATA 941 00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:32,880 AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL AND 2019 TO 942 00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:35,280 222 INCLUDING DATA FROM A RECENT 943 00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:37,520 WAVE THE U.S. CENSUS POLLS 944 00:34:37,520 --> 00:34:39,200 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY. 945 00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:40,240 THEY SPEAK INVOLVES TO THE MANY 946 00:34:40,240 --> 00:34:41,640 MORE HOURS WOMEN VERSUS MAN 947 00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:43,440 EXPAND ON UNPAID DOMESTIC WORK 948 00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:45,520 AND CARE WORK, THE OCCUPATIONAL 949 00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:47,280 SEGREGATION OF THE WORKFORCE, 950 00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:48,720 THE HIGH RATES OF PHYSICAL OR 951 00:34:48,720 --> 00:34:50,680 SEXUAL VIOLENCE THAT WOMEN 952 00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:51,720 EXPERIENCE BY THEIR INTIMATE 953 00:34:51,720 --> 00:34:53,280 PARTNERS INCLUDING HIGH RATES OF 954 00:34:53,280 --> 00:34:54,560 MURDER, EVEN AS MEN DO MURDER 955 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:56,440 EACH OTHER MORE OFTEN, AND THE 956 00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:57,360 DIFFERENCE THIS IS LEADING 957 00:34:57,360 --> 00:34:58,680 CAUSES OF ILLNESS AND HEALTH BY 958 00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:00,880 AGE GROUP FOR WOMEN AND MEN. 959 00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:02,200 THE U.S. DATA LIKEWISE SPEAK TO 960 00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:04,920 START GENDER INEQUITIES IN WOMEN 961 00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:06,840 BEING MORE LIKELY TO WORK AT OR 962 00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:08,720 BELOW THE MINIMUM PAGE TO BE 963 00:35:08,720 --> 00:35:11,400 AMONG THE FORTUNE 500 C.E.O.s, 964 00:35:11,400 --> 00:35:13,280 MEN PRE DOMINATE AND THE HIGHEST 965 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:14,960 RATES OF U.S. BLACK WOMEN AND 966 00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:16,760 WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES. 967 00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:19,320 THE U.S. CENSUS HOUSEHOLD POLLS 968 00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:21,080 SURVEY DATA FOR JULY AND AUGUST 969 00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:23,080 THIS YEAR REDEVELOPED THAT 970 00:35:23,080 --> 00:35:29,280 NATIONALLY, SAY CISGENDER MAN DON'T 971 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:31,280 HAVE ENOUGH TO EAT OR FOUND IT 972 00:35:31,280 --> 00:35:33,880 DIFFICULT TO PAY HOUSEHOLD 973 00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:35,280 EXPENSES WITH CISGENDER WOMEN 974 00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:37,200 HIGHER THAN THE CLOSER TO THE 975 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:41,080 RATES THAN THE MEN. 976 00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:42,880 GENDER INJUSTICE DOES NOT MEAN 977 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:44,160 IT'S A FIXED GIVEN. 978 00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:45,680 THIS SHOWS MODIFY ABILITY AS 979 00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:46,880 ILLUSTRATED BY THE WOMEN PIECE 980 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:48,440 AND SECURITY INDEX WHICH IS ONE 981 00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:51,200 OF METRICS OF WOMEN STATUS. 982 00:35:51,200 --> 00:35:52,520 ONLY ARE THEY MARK DIFFERENCES 983 00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:54,400 IN VALUES ACROSS COUNTRIES 984 00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:55,320 GLOBALLY AND ACROSS STATES 985 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:56,640 WITHIN THE UNITED STATES BUT 986 00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:57,720 MANY COUNTRIES HAVE IMPROVED 987 00:35:57,720 --> 00:35:59,040 OVER TIME AND GLOBALLY, THE 988 00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:00,680 NUMBER OF COUNTRIES DOMESTIC 989 00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:02,080 VIOLENCE LEGISLATION, ASSIGN AT 990 00:36:02,080 --> 00:36:03,880 LEAST OF AWARENESS THAT THIS IS 991 00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:05,880 A SOCIETAL PROBLEM HAS INCREASED 992 00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:10,400 FROM ONE IN 1975 TO 160 IN 2021. 993 00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:13,400 IS THIS SUFFICIENT? 994 00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:13,560 NO. 995 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:14,840 IS IT EVIDENCE OF POSSIBILITIES 996 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:19,120 FOR CHANGE, YES? 997 00:36:19,120 --> 00:36:20,360 CONTINUING ON THE THEME OF 998 00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:23,840 METRICS, THE SLIDE SHOWS A 999 00:36:23,840 --> 00:36:25,680 SCHEME TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN 1000 00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:27,000 DIFFERENT LEVELS STRUCTURAL AND 1001 00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:28,280 INDIVIDUAL AND INCONTINUE 1002 00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:29,320 ALLIESED AND WHETHER THE METRICS 1003 00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:31,240 DO VERSUS DO NOT EXPLICITLY 1004 00:36:31,240 --> 00:36:32,840 IDENTIFY AGENCY AND 1005 00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:33,960 ACCOUNTABILITY AND THAT IS, WHO 1006 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:35,760 IS DRIVING OR GAINING FROM THE 1007 00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:37,360 INJUSTICE AS WELL AS OPPOSE 1008 00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:38,720 TODAY MERELY DESCRIBING IT. 1009 00:36:38,720 --> 00:36:40,840 OVERT AND NON EXPLICIT 1010 00:36:40,840 --> 00:36:42,400 QUOTE-UNQUOTE RULES OF THE GAME 1011 00:36:42,400 --> 00:36:44,080 MATTER AS DO INDICATORS OF 1012 00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:45,080 INJUSTICE AND IT'S ESSENTIAL TO 1013 00:36:45,080 --> 00:36:46,480 BE MINDFUL OF WHAT INDIVIDUALS 1014 00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:48,600 MAY OR MAY NOT BE WILLING OR 1015 00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:51,040 ABLE TO SELF-REPORT. 1016 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:53,880 ADDITION APPLICATION FOR SOCIAL 1017 00:36:53,880 --> 00:36:54,680 METRICS PERTAIN TO ENGAGING WITH 1018 00:36:54,680 --> 00:36:56,520 ISSUES OF POWER, PLACE, LEVELS 1019 00:36:56,520 --> 00:36:58,280 AND HISTORY AND DEFINE THE 1020 00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:00,320 CATEGORY BY DEFINITION THE 1021 00:37:00,320 --> 00:37:01,480 QUESTION OF BOUNDARIES COMES 1022 00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:03,440 UPSET BY WHOM AND WHY ARE THEY 1023 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:04,280 INTENDED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE 1024 00:37:04,280 --> 00:37:05,920 PURPOSES OR POLITICAL 1025 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:07,240 REPRESENTATION ARE THEY SHAPED 1026 00:37:07,240 --> 00:37:09,280 BY BIO PHYSICAL PHENOMENON ARE 1027 00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:10,320 THEY NEST INSIDE OR CUT ACROSS 1028 00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:11,680 OTHER RELEVANT CATEGORIES FOR 1029 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:13,840 THE CASES OF GENDER AND 1030 00:37:13,840 --> 00:37:14,920 SEXUALITIES AND ADDITIONALLY, 1031 00:37:14,920 --> 00:37:16,640 HOW DOES AGENCY PLAY OUT. 1032 00:37:16,640 --> 00:37:19,200 WHAT POWER RELATIONS DO THE 1033 00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:20,680 METRICS CAPTURE? 1034 00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:22,200 WHO IS ISN'T ADVISABLE. 1035 00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:24,720 ARE THEY POPULATION COMPETITION 1036 00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:27,760 OR REFLECT RELATIONS BETWEEN 1037 00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:28,680 SOCIETAL RUNS AND CAPTURE THE 1038 00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:30,480 RULES OF GAME THAT SET THE TERMS 1039 00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:31,800 OF RELATION AND HEALTH 1040 00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:32,880 INEQUITIES WITH THE LATTER 1041 00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:35,000 REFERRING TO UNFAIR AVOIDABLE 1042 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:36,960 AND PREVENTABLE DIFFERENCES IN 1043 00:37:36,960 --> 00:37:37,920 HEALTH METRICS BETWEEN THE 1044 00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:38,520 SOCIAL GROUPS. 1045 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:40,280 A KEY PURPOSE OF ANY METRIC FOR 1046 00:37:40,280 --> 00:37:41,480 HEALTH EQUITY AFTER ALL IS TO 1047 00:37:41,480 --> 00:37:43,400 MAKE VISIBLE WHO NEEDS TO DO 1048 00:37:43,400 --> 00:37:45,880 WITH WHAT TO ADVANCE HEALTH 1049 00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:47,480 JUSTICE AND WHO BENEFITS 1050 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:49,240 IDENTIFIED THEM FROM INJUSTICE. 1051 00:37:49,240 --> 00:37:51,080 I KNOW THE APPROACH RUNS COUNTER 1052 00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:54,840 TO THE DOMINANT UPSTREAM AND 1053 00:37:54,840 --> 00:37:57,160 DOWNSTREAM METAPHOR FOR POWER 1054 00:37:57,160 --> 00:37:58,240 RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ACROSS 1055 00:37:58,240 --> 00:38:00,360 LEVELS AND IS HE SIGHTAL GROUPS 1056 00:38:00,360 --> 00:38:01,760 AND CONTRACT USUAL FEDERAL TO 1057 00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:03,400 STATE TO LOCAL TO INDIVIDUAL AND 1058 00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:05,760 HOWEVER, AS I NOTED BACK IN 1059 00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:07,280 2008, IT WAS A SUPREME COURT 1060 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:07,880 RECOGNITION OF THE INDIVIDUAL 1061 00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:10,400 RIGHT OF PRIVACY AND ROW VE RAID 1062 00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:17,960 BACK UROE V. WADE ANDIT'S PLAYING OUT IN R EVERSE SO 1063 00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:20,120 LET ME OFFER EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES 1064 00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:21,520 WHICH I DRAW LARGELY FROM 1065 00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:23,800 LITERATURE I INCLUDE IN WHICH 1066 00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:25,120 WINTER SESSION COURSE AND 1067 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:28,400 EMBODYING GENDER, PUBLIC-HEALTH, 1068 00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:29,800 BIOLOGY AND THE AS YOU CAN SEE, 1069 00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,120 THE POINT IS TO GET STUDENTS AND 1070 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:33,320 ME TO THINK ABOUT THE IDEAS AND 1071 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:34,880 EVIDENCE THAT ARE OUT THERE IN 1072 00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:37,240 THE LITERATURE REGARDING GENDER, 1073 00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:39,160 SEXIST, SEXUALITIES AND THE 1074 00:38:39,160 --> 00:38:39,960 PEOPLE HEALTH. 1075 00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:41,160 SO LET'S START WITH THE WORLD'S 1076 00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:42,600 OF WORK AND CONSIDER BOTH OLDER 1077 00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:44,480 AND NEWER EXAMPLES BUILDER 1078 00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:46,160 EXAMPLES INCLUDING TO SHOW IT'S 1079 00:38:46,160 --> 00:38:47,680 BEEN POSSIBLE TO THINK ABOUT 1080 00:38:47,680 --> 00:38:49,280 THESE ISSUES FOR A WHILE AND TO 1081 00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:51,240 DO SO IN RELATION TO THE THREE 1082 00:38:51,240 --> 00:38:52,760 CATEGORIES I WAS ASKED TO 1083 00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:54,520 ADDRESS IN THIS PRESENTATION. 1084 00:38:54,520 --> 00:38:56,880 GENDER NORMS, RELATIONAL POWER 1085 00:38:56,880 --> 00:38:58,680 DYNAMICS AND GENDER INEQUITY. 1086 00:38:58,680 --> 00:39:01,080 THE FIRST IS SEXUAL HARASSMENT 1087 00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:02,480 AT WORK AND BLOOD PRESSURE AND 1088 00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:04,600 HERE I NOTE THE STUDY I DID IN 1089 00:39:04,600 --> 00:39:06,560 THIS IN 2008, WAS THE FIRST TO 1090 00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:08,680 TEST WHETHER SUCH AN ASSOCIATION 1091 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:09,440 EXISTED USING MEASURED BLOOD 1092 00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:11,080 PRESSURE WITH THE SECOND SHOWING 1093 00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:12,880 UP ONLY IN 2019. 1094 00:39:12,880 --> 00:39:15,280 IN THIS CASE, SEXIST GENDER 1095 00:39:15,280 --> 00:39:16,560 NORMS GET LICENSED TO 1096 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:18,720 PERPETRATORS TO BE SEXIST AND 1097 00:39:18,720 --> 00:39:25,480 SEXUALLY HA ALSO OTHERSEXUAL HARASSMENT AN D IT'S POWER 1098 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:28,080 DYNAMICS AND THE END RESULT IS 1099 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:29,120 EMBODY GENDER HEALTH INEQUITY SO 1100 00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:59,440 WHICH I ADD 1101 00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:00,800 AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH 1102 00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:04,240 AND PROGRAMS AND EMBODY GENDER 1103 00:40:04,240 --> 00:40:04,800 INEQUITIES AND KNOWLEDGE FOR 1104 00:40:04,800 --> 00:40:05,880 EXAMPLE IN THE U.S. THERE ARE 1105 00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:07,440 ONLY A HANDFUL OF WORKPLACE 1106 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:09,080 HEALTH PRO NOTION PROGRAMS THAT 1107 00:40:09,080 --> 00:40:10,440 ADDRESS BREASTFEEDING AT WORK 1108 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:14,120 WITH THESE GAPS COMPOUNDING THE 1109 00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:15,080 SIGMAIZATION AMONG PERSONS WHO 1110 00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:16,880 DO WORK AND SECOND GLOBALLY 1111 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:18,480 THERE IS VERY LIMITED 1112 00:40:18,480 --> 00:40:20,040 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND 1113 00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:24,040 EXPANDING SAFE GUARDS FOR SEX 1114 00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:29,120 WORKERS HEALTH. 1115 00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:30,280 THE FIRST IS GENDER WATER AND 1116 00:40:30,280 --> 00:40:32,040 HEALTH AND HOW NEW. 1117 00:40:32,040 --> 00:40:32,800 >> Richard: SEARCH ON THIS TOPIC 1118 00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:35,760 AND THE CONTEXT OF THE POM IN 1119 00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:37,960 THE WORLD AND HOUSEHOLD TOILETS 1120 00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:40,280 AND THEY PLAY OUT AS GENDER 1121 00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:41,880 DIVISION OF LABOR REGARDING WHO 1122 00:40:41,880 --> 00:40:44,480 IS MOST TO GET WATER AND USE IT 1123 00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:45,480 TO TAKE CARE OF THE ILL FAMILY 1124 00:40:45,480 --> 00:40:47,160 MEMBERS AND OTHERS AND THIS IS 1125 00:40:47,160 --> 00:40:49,200 WOMEN AND GIRLS REGARDLESS OF 1126 00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:50,680 TIME BURDENS IT POSES ON THEIR 1127 00:40:50,680 --> 00:40:54,680 INCOME AND GO AHEADIN GETTING AN EDUCATION 1128 00:40:54,680 --> 00:40:55,360 AND ET CETERA. 1129 00:40:55,360 --> 00:40:57,400 IT SHAPED WITHIN HOUSEHOLDS AND 1130 00:40:57,400 --> 00:40:58,840 COMMUNITIES AND WHO SITS ON 1131 00:40:58,840 --> 00:40:59,880 GOVERNANCE BOARDS AND SET 1132 00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:01,560 POLICIES AND RESOURCE 1133 00:41:01,560 --> 00:41:02,640 ALLOCATIONS FROM LOCAL AND 1134 00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:04,720 GLOBAL REGARDING WATER AND 1135 00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:05,720 SANITATION ISSUES. 1136 00:41:05,720 --> 00:41:10,520 EMBODY GENDER AND EQUITY INCLUDE 1137 00:41:10,520 --> 00:41:11,880 THE SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND 1138 00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:14,240 ASSAULT THAT GIRLS AND WOMEN ARE 1139 00:41:14,240 --> 00:41:15,080 DOCUMENT TODAY EXPERIENCE FROM 1140 00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:17,240 WALK TO GO GET WATER OR MANAGING 1141 00:41:17,240 --> 00:41:18,000 MEN STATION OUTSIDE. 1142 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:19,640 AND THIS STILL SCANT RESEARCH ON 1143 00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:21,800 THESE ISSUES POINTS AGAIN TO 1144 00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:24,080 GENDER INEQUITY AND KNOWLEDGE. 1145 00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:25,880 OR CONSIDER THE CASE I USE IN MY 1146 00:41:25,880 --> 00:41:28,720 RECENT BOOK, STITCHING TOGETHER 1147 00:41:28,720 --> 00:41:30,880 THE SCANT EVIDENCE LICKING 1148 00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:32,880 FRACKING A LINK THAT UNDER 1149 00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:34,400 STUDIED SHOULD NOT BE SURPRISING 1150 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:35,680 GIVEN THAT FRACK ASKING AN 1151 00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:36,960 ENTERPRISE THAT INVOLVES PEOPLE 1152 00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:39,920 NOT JUST PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND 1153 00:41:39,920 --> 00:41:40,400 CHEMICALS. 1154 00:41:40,400 --> 00:41:41,760 SEXIST NORMS INFLUENCE NOT ONLY 1155 00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:42,840 GENDER DIVISIONS OF LABOR WHO 1156 00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:44,120 SHOULD BE THE MOBILE LABORERS 1157 00:41:44,120 --> 00:41:46,840 THAT DO THE PHYSICAL JOBS 1158 00:41:46,840 --> 00:41:48,120 REQUIRED FOR FRACKING BUT ALSO 1159 00:41:48,120 --> 00:41:50,640 THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SETTING UP 1160 00:41:50,640 --> 00:41:51,600 QUOTE-UNQUOTE MAN CAMPING WITH 1161 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:53,440 NO PROVISIONS FOR ADDRESSING 1162 00:41:53,440 --> 00:41:55,280 RISK OF STIs AND SEXUAL 1163 00:41:55,280 --> 00:41:56,480 VIOLENCE FOR SEX WORKERS WHO 1164 00:41:56,480 --> 00:41:57,800 FIND EMPLOYMENT AT THESE CAMPS 1165 00:41:57,800 --> 00:41:59,240 AND ALSO FOR OTHER WOMEN IN THE 1166 00:41:59,240 --> 00:42:00,600 AREA ESPECIALLY THESE CAMS ARE 1167 00:42:00,600 --> 00:42:02,160 SET UP IN INDIGENOUS 1168 00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:07,440 RESERVATIONS THAT IS OFTEN THE 1169 00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:07,640 CASE. 1170 00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:09,280 NON PROVISION OF RESOURCES AND 1171 00:42:09,280 --> 00:42:10,600 THE HEALTH RISK TRANSLATE TO 1172 00:42:10,600 --> 00:42:13,080 HIRE RISK OF STIs AND SEXUAL 1173 00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:14,480 VIOLENCE AND THE STI HAVING 1174 00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:15,840 LONG-TERM IMPACT ON BIRTH 1175 00:42:15,840 --> 00:42:17,000 OUTCOMES AND RESEARCH ON THIS 1176 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:23,680 ISSUE REMAIN INCREDIBLY SCANT. 1177 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:24,960 NEXT CONSIDER REPRODUCTIVE 1178 00:42:24,960 --> 00:42:26,360 JUSTICE AND THEY'RE BEHIND 1179 00:42:26,360 --> 00:42:27,560 SEXIST AND FLAWED UNJUST 1180 00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:30,560 INTERPRETATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL 1181 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:31,560 STRAITS FROM MEN AND BERM BEING 1182 00:42:31,560 --> 00:42:33,880 ACTIVE AND FEMALES AND EGGS 1183 00:42:33,880 --> 00:42:36,400 BEING PASSIVE AND RENDERING A 1184 00:42:36,400 --> 00:42:38,400 FORMER WIRED FOR STRONGER SEX 1185 00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:43,080 DRIVE AND NON USE OF 1186 00:42:43,080 --> 00:42:43,480 CONTRACEPTION. 1187 00:42:43,480 --> 00:42:45,280 I'VE INCLUDED WHO CONTROLS USE 1188 00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:48,000 OF AND ALSO RESEARCH ON 1189 00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:49,280 CONTRACEPTIVES AND ALSO ACCESS 1190 00:42:49,280 --> 00:42:50,760 TO EDUCATION AND RESOURCES TO DO 1191 00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:52,440 THE SCIENCE AT ISSUE. 1192 00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:55,520 EMBODY GENDER AND INEQUITY AND 1193 00:42:55,520 --> 00:42:56,840 CONTRACEPTION HEALTH RISK AND 1194 00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:59,480 FAILURE CONTINUE TO BE MORE 1195 00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:00,560 PRINCIPALLY BY PERSONS WHO ARE 1196 00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:03,960 PREGNANT NOT THOSE WHO I AM 1197 00:43:03,960 --> 00:43:07,160 PREGNANT THEM AND ONLY JUST NOW 1198 00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:08,360 BEGINNING TO RECTIFIED IN THE 1199 00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:10,400 ROLES OF EGGS, SPERM AND 1200 00:43:10,400 --> 00:43:11,680 FERTILIZATION IN THE NEED FOR 1201 00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:16,040 MALE AND FEMALE CO CONTRACEPTIVE 1202 00:43:16,040 --> 00:43:18,600 AND MATERIALIZATION ABUSE, 1203 00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:19,280 ABORTION BANS AND AGAIN 1204 00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:21,520 QUESTIONS OF WHAT THE 1205 00:43:21,520 --> 00:43:22,880 ASSUMPTIONS ARE SEXIST GENDER 1206 00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:23,680 NORMS ABOUT WHO IS SUPPOSED TO 1207 00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:25,200 BE A MOTHER, WHO SHOULD NOT BE A 1208 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:26,520 MOTHER AND THE IMPORTANCE OF 1209 00:43:26,520 --> 00:43:28,120 STATE CONTROL OF FERTILITY AND 1210 00:43:28,120 --> 00:43:33,160 ET CETERA, ET CETERA. 1211 00:43:33,160 --> 00:43:34,880 WHICH LEADS TO THE CASE EXAMPLES 1212 00:43:34,880 --> 00:43:37,160 INVOLVING GENDER TRANSFORM TIVE 1213 00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:37,360 WORK. 1214 00:43:37,360 --> 00:43:38,880 HERE ON INTRA PERSONAL VIOLENCE 1215 00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:40,400 AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN THE 1216 00:43:40,400 --> 00:43:42,760 LAST DECADE, NEW WORK IN 1217 00:43:42,760 --> 00:43:45,080 PUBLIC-HEALTH HAS ADOPTED GENDER 1218 00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:48,920 TRANSFORMATIVE AND CHALLENGE AND 1219 00:43:48,920 --> 00:43:50,000 TRANSFORM GENDER NORMS AND 1220 00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:51,280 GENDER INEQUITY AND A COMMON 1221 00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:54,480 THEME FOR AWFUL THIS WORK IS 1222 00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:56,320 IMPERATIVE SOCIETAL CONTEXT WITH 1223 00:43:56,320 --> 00:43:57,720 ADEQUATE RESOURCES ACROSS LEVELS 1224 00:43:57,720 --> 00:44:00,280 AND SECTORS AND IN WAYS THAT 1225 00:44:00,280 --> 00:44:01,640 REJECT GENDER AND EQUITY AND 1226 00:44:01,640 --> 00:44:03,400 PEOPLE'S RESOURCES AND 1227 00:44:03,400 --> 00:44:04,680 AUTONOMIMENT FOR THESE TWO CASE 1228 00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:06,240 EXAMPLES I SHOW HERE, WORK IS IN 1229 00:44:06,240 --> 00:44:07,840 THE EARLY STAGES AND PROVIDING 1230 00:44:07,840 --> 00:44:10,520 EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE POWERFUL 1231 00:44:10,520 --> 00:44:11,760 FORWARD WHEN IT MAKES A 1232 00:44:11,760 --> 00:44:12,880 DIFFERENCE FOR GENDER JUSTICE 1233 00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:16,520 AND HEALTH INJUSTICE. 1234 00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:19,040 TWO FINAL EXAMPLE MAY CLEAR HOW 1235 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:21,040 GENDER INJUSTICE REQUIRES WRECK 1236 00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:22,600 ONG WITH THE TRUTH OF PAST 1237 00:44:22,600 --> 00:44:24,840 INJUSTICE AND FIRST FOR JIM CROW 1238 00:44:24,840 --> 00:44:28,960 WHOSE CONTEMPORARY HEALTH IMPACT 1239 00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:31,240 OUR FIRST STUDY SHOWED THE LEGAL 1240 00:44:31,240 --> 00:44:33,280 ABOLITION OF JIM CROW IN 1241 00:44:33,280 --> 00:44:35,280 REDUCING INFANT MORTALITY RATES 1242 00:44:35,280 --> 00:44:37,000 AMONG THE U.S. BLACK POPULATIONS 1243 00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:39,080 IN LIVING IN THE JIM CROW STATES 1244 00:44:39,080 --> 00:44:40,720 AND NO SUCH CONVERGENCE AMONG 1245 00:44:40,720 --> 00:44:42,080 THE WHITE POPULATION BUT THE 1246 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:43,800 STUDY ALSO DEMONSTRATED WAS 1247 00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:45,480 NEARLY TWO-THIRDS OF ALL BLACK 1248 00:44:45,480 --> 00:44:47,920 INFANTS BORN IN THE U.S. IN 1960 1249 00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:49,440 WERE BORN IN JIM CROW STATES AND 1250 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:50,800 THERE IN THEIR 60s. 1251 00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:53,120 WHAT MIGHT THIS EARLY LIFE EXPOS 1252 00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:53,640 YOUR MEAN? 1253 00:44:53,640 --> 00:44:56,280 OR FOR THOSE WHOSE CHILD TOOK 1254 00:44:56,280 --> 00:44:57,680 PLACE WHEN JIM CROW WAS LEGAL 1255 00:44:57,680 --> 00:45:01,120 AND THEY'RE NOW AGE 70 OR OLDER? 1256 00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:04,200 I SHOW STARK EVIDENCE WE FOUND 1257 00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:06,480 IN RELATION TO WHERE WE SHOW HOW 1258 00:45:06,480 --> 00:45:08,680 WOMEN UNDERAGE 55 NOT ONLY HAVE 1259 00:45:08,680 --> 00:45:11,240 GAPS CLOSE FOR BLACK VERSUS 1260 00:45:11,240 --> 00:45:13,240 WHITE HAVING TUMORS BUT THE 1261 00:45:13,240 --> 00:45:14,800 CHANGES HAVE BEEN DRIVEN BY 1262 00:45:14,800 --> 00:45:16,200 INCREASES AMONG BLACK WOMEN BORN 1263 00:45:16,200 --> 00:45:19,600 IN THE JIM CROW STATES AND THEY 1264 00:45:19,600 --> 00:45:21,280 SHOULD BE IN U.S. ADULTS WHO 1265 00:45:21,280 --> 00:45:23,160 WERE BORN WHEN JIM CROW WAS 1266 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:25,880 LEGAL AND GIVEN LIFE COURSE AND 1267 00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:27,560 INTER GENERATIONAL IMPACT ON 1268 00:45:27,560 --> 00:45:29,600 PEOPLE'S RESOURCES AND ADVERSE 1269 00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:30,680 EXPOS US INCLUDING AND RELATION 1270 00:45:30,680 --> 00:45:32,200 TO GENDER. 1271 00:45:32,200 --> 00:45:34,240 SECOND, HISTORIC ALLRED LINING 1272 00:45:34,240 --> 00:45:36,680 WITH POLICY AND IMPOSED BY THE 1273 00:45:36,680 --> 00:45:38,120 U.S. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN THE 1274 00:45:38,120 --> 00:45:40,880 1930s BY THE LOAN CORPORATION 1275 00:45:40,880 --> 00:45:42,600 AND INSTITUTIONALIZED RADIALIZED 1276 00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:44,000 ECONOMIC SEGREGATION NATIONWIDE 1277 00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:45,760 AND CONSIDER THESE PRELIMINARY 1278 00:45:45,760 --> 00:45:47,440 RESULTS FOR BOSTON FOR ONE OF 1279 00:45:47,440 --> 00:45:48,840 OUR FIRST OF OUR THREE STUDIES 1280 00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,200 ON HISTORIC ALLRED LINING IN 1281 00:45:51,200 --> 00:45:51,440 CANCER. 1282 00:45:51,440 --> 00:46:11,200 THE BASIC POINT IS THAT -- WE 1283 00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:13,600 CAN SEE THAT BREAST CANCER STAGE 1284 00:46:13,600 --> 00:46:15,040 DIAGNOSIS FOLLOWED SIMILAR 1285 00:46:15,040 --> 00:46:17,280 PATTERNS AS WELL WITH THE PAST 1286 00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:18,040 INJUSTICE AUGMENTING AND 1287 00:46:18,040 --> 00:46:19,480 AMPLIFYING THE CURRENT INJUSTICE 1288 00:46:19,480 --> 00:46:21,120 AND THIS WAS SHOWN BY THE 1289 00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:23,160 COMPLEX MODELS WE USE IN OUR 1290 00:46:23,160 --> 00:46:25,680 ACTUAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS BUT 1291 00:46:25,680 --> 00:46:30,040 THIS DATA GIVES YOU THE POINT. 1292 00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:31,520 AND SO TO START WRAPPING UP WHEN 1293 00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:33,040 IT COMES TO HEALTH JURY 1294 00:46:33,040 --> 00:46:34,160 ADVERTISE, IT'S ESSENTIAL TO 1295 00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:36,080 RECKON WITH THE TWO EDGE SWORD 1296 00:46:36,080 --> 00:46:38,280 OF DATA BY EDGE ONE NO DATA NO 1297 00:46:38,280 --> 00:46:39,800 PROBLEM, MEANING THAT LACK OF 1298 00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:41,000 DATA UNDERMINES THE ABILITY TO 1299 00:46:41,000 --> 00:46:42,520 UNDERSTAND AND TAKE ACTION. 1300 00:46:42,520 --> 00:46:45,080 AND EDGE TWO IS BAD DATA, BIG 1301 00:46:45,080 --> 00:46:45,480 PROBLEM. 1302 00:46:45,480 --> 00:46:47,080 WHICH IS BASICALLY LOUSY SCIENCE 1303 00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:49,880 IS HARMFUL AND OFTEN INHE CAN 1304 00:46:49,880 --> 00:46:52,880 QUIT BLEE SO AND THE REAL POINT 1305 00:46:52,880 --> 00:46:53,880 TO PRO DATA FOR ACCOUNTABILITY 1306 00:46:53,880 --> 00:46:56,360 AND ON THE SLIDE I ELABORATE ON 1307 00:46:56,360 --> 00:46:57,880 TWO KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 1308 00:46:57,880 --> 00:46:59,240 REGARDING RADIALIZED HEALTH AND 1309 00:46:59,240 --> 00:47:01,600 EQUITY I MADE IN EARLY 2021 AND 1310 00:47:01,600 --> 00:47:03,040 WHICH I WAS INVITED TO PRESENT 1311 00:47:03,040 --> 00:47:05,200 AT FIRST PUBLIC MEETING THE U.S. 1312 00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:06,480 FEDERAL COVID HEALTH EQUITY TASK 1313 00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:08,400 FORCE AND ALSO THE NATIONAL 1314 00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:09,720 ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1315 00:47:09,720 --> 00:47:11,560 HERE I FLUSH OUT THESE IDEAS IN 1316 00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:13,640 REALS TO GENDER JUSTICE OF THOSE 1317 00:47:13,640 --> 00:47:15,080 THAT WON ALL HEALTH DATA 1318 00:47:15,080 --> 00:47:16,600 SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT FUNDS 1319 00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:18,960 MUST EXPLAIN AND JUSTIFY THEIR 1320 00:47:18,960 --> 00:47:19,680 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SOCIAL 1321 00:47:19,680 --> 00:47:21,960 GROUPS DEFINED IN RELATIONS TO 1322 00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:27,040 GENDER, SEX LINK BUY ALGAL -- TO 1323 00:47:27,040 --> 00:47:28,800 CATEGORIZE THEM AND ANY 1324 00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:30,080 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL HEALTH DATA 1325 00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:31,040 CHARACTERIZED BY MEMBERSHIP IN 1326 00:47:31,040 --> 00:47:32,960 THESE GROUPS MUST BE ANALYZED IN 1327 00:47:32,960 --> 00:47:34,600 RELATION TO EACH OTHER AND 1328 00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:36,440 RELEVANT DATA ABOUT SOCIETAL 1329 00:47:36,440 --> 00:47:37,680 INEQUITIES INCLUDING BUT NOT 1330 00:47:37,680 --> 00:47:40,480 LIMITED TO RACISM AND SOCIAL 1331 00:47:40,480 --> 00:47:40,880 CLASS. 1332 00:47:40,880 --> 00:47:43,520 DATA GOVERNANCE INCLUSION OF 1333 00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:45,320 HEALTH AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE 1334 00:47:45,320 --> 00:47:46,520 COMMUNITIES SINCE DATA ARE AT 1335 00:47:46,520 --> 00:47:49,480 STAKE AFFORDING THE EXPERTISE OF 1336 00:47:49,480 --> 00:47:50,080 LIVED EXPERIENCE I WOULD HOPE 1337 00:47:50,080 --> 00:47:52,040 THEY CAN FORM THE WORK OF THE 1338 00:47:52,040 --> 00:47:53,680 OFFICE OF RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S 1339 00:47:53,680 --> 00:47:53,920 HEALTH. 1340 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:55,360 I SHOULD BE CLEAR FOR CRITICAL 1341 00:47:55,360 --> 00:47:56,680 SCIENCE TO ADVANCE ACTION FOR 1342 00:47:56,680 --> 00:47:58,320 HEALTH JUSTICE AND TO CHALLENGE 1343 00:47:58,320 --> 00:48:00,360 GENDER INJUSTICE, IT'S 1344 00:48:00,360 --> 00:48:01,560 IMPERATIVE TO RECKON WITH THE 1345 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:02,880 MATERIAL FACT THAT WE ALWAYS 1346 00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:04,880 LIVE IN PLAYS AND SOCIETAL AND 1347 00:48:04,880 --> 00:48:06,520 BIO FISCAL CONTEXT NO MATTER HOW 1348 00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:09,320 MUCH WE MAY ROAM AROUND IN CYBER 1349 00:48:09,320 --> 00:48:11,040 OR FLAG A STAKE IN THE METAVERSE 1350 00:48:11,040 --> 00:48:13,280 FOR GOOD OR INFORM ILL, WE AND 1351 00:48:13,280 --> 00:48:15,120 ALL LIVING BEINGS ON THIS PLANET 1352 00:48:15,120 --> 00:48:16,760 LIVE IN REAL PLACE AND CONTEXT 1353 00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:20,080 AND ANY SCIENCE WE PRO MUST 1354 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:20,920 RECKON WITH THESE TRUTHS. 1355 00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:23,320 AS I WROTE IN REFLECTING ON 1356 00:48:23,320 --> 00:48:25,240 BEING AT PEOPLE'S CLIMATE MARCH 1357 00:48:25,240 --> 00:48:27,680 IN 2014 AND DEEPENING MY 1358 00:48:27,680 --> 00:48:29,960 CRITIQUE OF SCIENCE AND 1359 00:48:29,960 --> 00:48:32,120 INDIVIDUALSISM, QUOTE, IN DEED, 1360 00:48:32,120 --> 00:48:33,920 THE REAL ECOLOGICAL FALLACY IS 1361 00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:36,880 TO THINK THAT 'EM DEEMOLOGISTS 1362 00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:38,600 OR OTHERS COULD EVER UNDERSTAND 1363 00:48:38,600 --> 00:48:40,960 THE PEOPLE'S HEALTH EXCEPT IN 1364 00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:42,480 SOCIETAL AND ECOLOGICAL AND 1365 00:48:42,480 --> 00:48:44,280 HENCE HISS TORQUAL CONTEXT. 1366 00:48:44,280 --> 00:48:45,960 BY THIS I MEAN THAT FIRST OUR 1367 00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:49,000 HISTORHISTORY LIVES WITH US FROM 1368 00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:50,160 TAKING ON THE HISTORY OF OUR 1369 00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:51,720 PARENTS AND ANCESTORS AND 1370 00:48:51,720 --> 00:48:53,520 SECOND, HISTORY IS NOT A GIVEN, 1371 00:48:53,520 --> 00:48:55,560 PEOPLE HAVE REPEATEDLY CHANGED 1372 00:48:55,560 --> 00:48:58,520 HISTORY WHEN CONFRONTING 1373 00:48:58,520 --> 00:48:59,000 INJUSTICE. 1374 00:48:59,000 --> 00:49:01,880 WE LIVE AND DIE EMBODY SO TOO 1375 00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:03,280 DOES ALL LIFE ON WORK. 1376 00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:04,520 WE ARE CONNECTED AND CONSCIOUS 1377 00:49:04,520 --> 00:49:06,480 AND CREATIVE BOTH FOR GOOD AND 1378 00:49:06,480 --> 00:49:07,680 FOR BAD. 1379 00:49:07,680 --> 00:49:09,080 IT'S LONG TIME FOR OUR SCIENCE 1380 00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:10,600 TO INTEGRATE LEVELS AND TIME 1381 00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:12,720 SCALES OF EMBODIMENT FROM 1382 00:49:12,720 --> 00:49:15,320 STRUCTURAL POLICIES AND 1383 00:49:15,320 --> 00:49:17,000 INJUSTICE TO SUB MOLECULAR 1384 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:19,040 LEVELS ACROSS HISTORICAL 1385 00:49:19,040 --> 00:49:20,920 GENERATIONS WITH AN EYE TO 1386 00:49:20,920 --> 00:49:22,840 EMBODY DIGNITY, EQUITY AND JOY. 1387 00:49:22,840 --> 00:49:24,160 ANOTHER WORLD IS POSSIBLE IN 1388 00:49:24,160 --> 00:49:25,680 WHICH HEALTH JUSTICE EXISTS ON 1389 00:49:25,680 --> 00:49:27,600 THIS ONE PLANET WE SHARE. 1390 00:49:27,600 --> 00:49:29,680 LET US DO THIS WORK INFORMED BY 1391 00:49:29,680 --> 00:49:32,080 HISTORY AND A VISION PREMISED ON 1392 00:49:32,080 --> 00:49:33,480 SOCIAL JUSTICE ALONG WITH 1393 00:49:33,480 --> 00:49:34,880 RECOGNITION OF OUR 1394 00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:35,680 INTERCONNECTION WITH AND 1395 00:49:35,680 --> 00:49:40,880 DEPENDENCE ON OUR THREATENED 1396 00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:41,080 PLANET. 1397 00:49:41,080 --> 00:49:41,440 THANK YOU. 1398 00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:43,400 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH Dr. 1399 00:49:43,400 --> 00:49:45,720 KRIEGER FOR THAT WONDERFUL 1400 00:49:45,720 --> 00:49:46,080 PRESENTATION. 1401 00:49:46,080 --> 00:49:48,240 WE HAVE TIME FOR A FEW QUESTIONS 1402 00:49:48,240 --> 00:49:50,240 NOW JUST AS A REMINDER, FOLKS 1403 00:49:50,240 --> 00:49:52,200 CAN USE THE Q&A OR THE FEEDBACK 1404 00:49:52,200 --> 00:49:55,200 FORM ON THE VIDEO CAST. 1405 00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:57,440 SO, THE FIRST QUESTION THAT CAME 1406 00:49:57,440 --> 00:50:01,040 IN HAS TO DO WITH DISENTANGLING 1407 00:50:01,040 --> 00:50:04,480 SEXISM FROM POWER AND CONTROL. 1408 00:50:04,480 --> 00:50:07,800 THE QUESTION IS HOW CAN WE 1409 00:50:07,800 --> 00:50:09,320 DISENTANGLE SEXISM FROM POWER 1410 00:50:09,320 --> 00:50:11,120 AND CELL WHEN THERE'S SUCH 1411 00:50:11,120 --> 00:50:12,920 INEQUITY IN NUMBERS OF WOMEN IN 1412 00:50:12,920 --> 00:50:13,760 POSITIONS OF POWER. 1413 00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:16,880 CAN IT BE DISENTANGLED OR ARE 1414 00:50:16,880 --> 00:50:19,280 THERE METH LOGICAL APPROACHES OR 1415 00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:23,400 OTHER SOLUTIONS THAT YOU MIGHT 1416 00:50:23,400 --> 00:50:24,880 CONSIDER? 1417 00:50:24,880 --> 00:50:26,880 >> I DON'T KNOW THAT THE 1418 00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:29,480 QUESTION IS HOW TO DISENTANGLE 1419 00:50:29,480 --> 00:50:31,160 BUT IT'S HOW TO UNDER THE 1420 00:50:31,160 --> 00:50:32,320 CONNECTIONS AND THE 1421 00:50:32,320 --> 00:50:34,880 RELATIONSHIPS, SO SEXISM MAY 1422 00:50:34,880 --> 00:50:36,560 ALTER WHO HAS THE LIKELIHOOD OF 1423 00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:38,080 POWER BUT THE POWER DOESN'T COME 1424 00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:39,120 ONLY FROM SEXISM. 1425 00:50:39,120 --> 00:50:43,000 SO IF YOU HAVE, FOR EXAMPLE, 1426 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:44,240 PEOPLE THAT ARE IDENTIFY AS 1427 00:50:44,240 --> 00:50:45,840 BEING WOMEN WHO ARE HIGH LEVELS 1428 00:50:45,840 --> 00:50:47,360 OF GOVERNMENT, AND THEY HAVE 1429 00:50:47,360 --> 00:50:48,800 POWER IN THAT WAY, YOU HAVE TO 1430 00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:50,200 CONSIDER BOTH, HOW DOES THAT 1431 00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:51,880 PLAY OUT, IT'S NOT ONE OR THE 1432 00:50:51,880 --> 00:50:52,080 OTHER. 1433 00:50:52,080 --> 00:50:53,880 SO I THINK THE POINT IS TO 1434 00:50:53,880 --> 00:50:54,720 CONSIDER BOTH. 1435 00:50:54,720 --> 00:50:56,240 I SHOWED SOME OF THE DATA THAT 1436 00:50:56,240 --> 00:50:58,040 FOR EXAMPLE A VERY SMALL 1437 00:50:58,040 --> 00:51:01,160 PREPORTION OF U.S. C.E.O.s ARE 1438 00:51:01,160 --> 00:51:01,760 PEOPLE WHO ARE IDENTIFIED AS 1439 00:51:01,760 --> 00:51:05,320 BEING WOMEN BUT THEY STILL EXERT 1440 00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:06,440 POWER OVER THE COMPANIES THEY'RE 1441 00:51:06,440 --> 00:51:06,800 KERRI EINARSON. 1442 00:51:06,800 --> 00:51:09,200 IT'S BOTH NOT EITHER OR TO ME. 1443 00:51:09,200 --> 00:51:12,120 >> THANK YOU. 1444 00:51:12,120 --> 00:51:14,880 ANOTHER QUESTION THAT HAS COME 1445 00:51:14,880 --> 00:51:16,720 IN BEGINS BY THANKING YOU FOR A 1446 00:51:16,720 --> 00:51:18,000 WONDERFUL PRESENTATION AND A 1447 00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:19,320 GROUND BREAKING BODY OF WORK AND 1448 00:51:19,320 --> 00:51:22,080 THE QUESTION FOCUSES ON YOUR 1449 00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:23,680 PROPOSAL TO REQUIRE EXPLANATION 1450 00:51:23,680 --> 00:51:28,600 BY ANYBODY SEEKING FEDERAL FUNDS 1451 00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:30,080 WHICH IS FOR THIS QUESTION 1452 00:51:30,080 --> 00:51:31,440 SOMETHING THAT IS GOOD BUT HAS 1453 00:51:31,440 --> 00:51:33,520 NOT YIELDED CRITICAL IMPACT ON 1454 00:51:33,520 --> 00:51:38,640 DISPARITIES TO DATE. 1455 00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:40,560 IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER 1456 00:51:40,560 --> 00:51:42,280 SUGGESTIONS, THEY WITH LIKE TO 1457 00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:43,560 KNOW IF IT HAS MORE TEETH. 1458 00:51:43,560 --> 00:51:51,280 >> SO, ONE GROW IT'S I GROW IT'S HARD TO FIND 1459 00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:54,080 OUT WHAT IS DONE WITH THE DATA 1460 00:51:54,080 --> 00:51:56,200 THAT IS OBTAINED TO FIND OUT 1461 00:51:56,200 --> 00:51:57,840 WHETHER THERE ARE CHANGES MADE 1462 00:51:57,840 --> 00:52:00,640 IN DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT TO FUND 1463 00:52:00,640 --> 00:52:02,320 OR NOT BASED ON WHO WAS INCLUDED 1464 00:52:02,320 --> 00:52:03,320 IN DIFFERENT STUDIES. 1465 00:52:03,320 --> 00:52:07,000 OTHER PROBLEMS THAT THE FOCUS IS 1466 00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:08,480 ON HOW MANY PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT 1467 00:52:08,480 --> 00:52:10,080 CATEGORIES ARE INCLUDED IN 1468 00:52:10,080 --> 00:52:10,480 RESEARCH. 1469 00:52:10,480 --> 00:52:11,840 AND THAT'S NOT THE SAME AS WHAT 1470 00:52:11,840 --> 00:52:13,120 THE QUESTIONS ARE THAT ARE BEING 1471 00:52:13,120 --> 00:52:15,040 ASKED ABOUT THOSE CATEGORIES AND 1472 00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:16,920 SO I DON'T THINK THAT YOU CAN'T, 1473 00:52:16,920 --> 00:52:18,400 THE WHOLE POINT, FOR EXAMPLE, 1474 00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:19,880 IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO SAY YOU HAVE 1475 00:52:19,880 --> 00:52:22,040 TO HAVE QUOTE-UNQUOTE DIVERSITY 1476 00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:24,040 IN TERMS OF NUMBERS OF PEOPLE 1477 00:52:24,040 --> 00:52:29,760 FITTING PRFIT PRE SPECIFIED CATEGORY BUT 1478 00:52:29,760 --> 00:52:31,280 IT'S WHO AND WHAT IS DRIVING THE 1479 00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:32,840 PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS. 1480 00:52:32,840 --> 00:52:35,520 RESEARCH BY ITSELF CAN NEVER 1481 00:52:35,520 --> 00:52:36,280 CHANGE SOCIETY. 1482 00:52:36,280 --> 00:52:37,440 IT DOESN'T HAPPEN. 1483 00:52:37,440 --> 00:52:39,200 PEOPLE USE RESEARCH TO CHANGE 1484 00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:39,480 SOCIETY. 1485 00:52:39,480 --> 00:52:40,840 DOES THE RESEARCH THAT IS 1486 00:52:40,840 --> 00:52:42,280 DEVELOPED THAT IS INFORMED BY 1487 00:52:42,280 --> 00:52:44,480 THESE CRITICAL QUESTIONS, CAN IT 1488 00:52:44,480 --> 00:52:47,600 BE USED TO INFLUENCE COMMUNITY 1489 00:52:47,600 --> 00:52:49,760 ORGANIZING SOCIAL CHANGE 1490 00:52:49,760 --> 00:52:51,480 EFFORTS, POLICY LITIGATION, ET 1491 00:52:51,480 --> 00:52:51,720 CETERA. 1492 00:52:51,720 --> 00:52:53,240 IT'S NOT THAT THE RESEARCH WILL 1493 00:52:53,240 --> 00:52:55,240 DO IT IT'S WHO IS USING THE 1494 00:52:55,240 --> 00:52:56,200 RESEARCH AND ASKING WHAT 1495 00:52:56,200 --> 00:52:58,640 QUESTIONS TO COME UP WITH TEST 1496 00:52:58,640 --> 00:52:59,800 AND TESTABLE KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN 1497 00:52:59,800 --> 00:53:01,360 ACTUALLY BE BENEFICIAL FOR THE 1498 00:53:01,360 --> 00:53:03,720 MANY WHO ARE INVOLVED IN MAKING 1499 00:53:03,720 --> 00:53:05,280 SOCIAL CHANGE HAPPEN FOR THE 1500 00:53:05,280 --> 00:53:05,480 BETTER. 1501 00:53:05,480 --> 00:53:07,880 SO S. I WOULD NEVER THINK THAT A 1502 00:53:07,880 --> 00:53:09,480 STUDY DOES ANYTHING BY ITSELF, 1503 00:53:09,480 --> 00:53:11,280 IT'S HOW IT'S CONCEIVED WITH 1504 00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:13,200 WHOM AND CHECK NORTH WITH WHOM 1505 00:53:13,200 --> 00:53:16,800 AND USED BY WHOM THAT MAKES THE 1506 00:53:16,800 --> 00:53:17,080 DIFFERENCE. 1507 00:53:17,080 --> 00:53:19,040 >> THANK YOU. 1508 00:53:19,040 --> 00:53:22,680 WE MAY HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE 1509 00:53:22,680 --> 00:53:23,200 QUESTION. 1510 00:53:23,200 --> 00:53:24,800 A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY THAT 1511 00:53:24,800 --> 00:53:26,800 CLAIMS TO HAVE THE FIRST HUMAN 1512 00:53:26,800 --> 00:53:28,840 MILK RESEARCH CENTER, HAS AN 1513 00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:31,160 EARLY CHILDCARE FACILITY WITHIN 1514 00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:34,440 A THREE-YEAR LONG WAIT LIST. 1515 00:53:34,440 --> 00:53:37,880 HOW CAN INSTITUTES BE HELD 1516 00:53:37,880 --> 00:53:39,280 ACCOUNTABLE TO INCLUDING MORE OF 1517 00:53:39,280 --> 00:53:40,680 THESE POPULATIONS IN THEIR 1518 00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:41,520 STUDENT BODIES? 1519 00:53:41,520 --> 00:53:43,200 HOW CAN A MEDICAL STUDENT WITH A 1520 00:53:43,200 --> 00:53:45,680 NEW BABY WORK WHEN SHE DIDN'T 1521 00:53:45,680 --> 00:53:50,360 ACCESS AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE? 1522 00:53:50,360 --> 00:53:52,800 >> THESE ARE CRUCIAL QUESTIONS 1523 00:53:52,800 --> 00:53:54,640 AND THEY HAVE DATA TO SHOW THE 1524 00:53:54,640 --> 00:53:55,280 INEQUITIES EXIST. 1525 00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:56,400 YOU HAVE TO SECRETARY QUESTION, 1526 00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:57,600 GET THE DATA BUT THEN YOU HAVE 1527 00:53:57,600 --> 00:53:58,400 TO ORGANIZE. 1528 00:53:58,400 --> 00:53:59,800 IT'S LIKE DATA NEVER EVER SPEAKS 1529 00:53:59,800 --> 00:54:01,120 BY THEMSELVES. 1530 00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:02,520 DATA, IT MEANS THAT WHICH IS 1531 00:54:02,520 --> 00:54:04,080 GIVEN IT'S NEVER GIVEN. 1532 00:54:04,080 --> 00:54:05,360 PEOPLE STRUCK THE DATA AND THE 1533 00:54:05,360 --> 00:54:06,320 DATA COMES BECAUSE PEOPLE TAKE 1534 00:54:06,320 --> 00:54:08,000 THE TIME TO ASK QUESTIONS AND 1535 00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:09,120 MOBILIZE TO GET THE RESEARCHES 1536 00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:10,440 TO ANSWER THOSE QUESTIONS AND 1537 00:54:10,440 --> 00:54:12,000 THEN HAVE TO USE THE DATA. 1538 00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:14,480 SO, COMMON TECHNIQUES ARE 1539 00:54:14,480 --> 00:54:15,440 VARIOUSLY WHEN YOU HAVE THOSE 1540 00:54:15,440 --> 00:54:18,280 KINDS OF DATA, TO USE IF YOU 1541 00:54:18,280 --> 00:54:20,640 CAN'T SHOW EVIDENCE OF VIOLATING 1542 00:54:20,640 --> 00:54:22,640 LEGAL RULES ABOUT WHAT SHOULD BE 1543 00:54:22,640 --> 00:54:24,400 PROVIDED, WHICH IS ONE AVENUE TO 1544 00:54:24,400 --> 00:54:27,000 GO, AND THEN THERE'S ALSO 1545 00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:28,440 TAKING, SPEAKING TO CONVENTIONS 1546 00:54:28,440 --> 00:54:30,760 AND USING TECHNIQUES OF PUBLIC 1547 00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:34,000 SHAMING OF INSTITUTIONS FOR NOT 1548 00:54:34,000 --> 00:54:35,120 BEHAVING WELL IN RELATION TO THE 1549 00:54:35,120 --> 00:54:36,880 PEOPLE PART OF THOSE 1550 00:54:36,880 --> 00:54:37,200 INSTITUTIONS. 1551 00:54:37,200 --> 00:54:38,240 AND IT WOULD BE NICE TO THINK 1552 00:54:38,240 --> 00:54:40,720 THIS COULD ALL BE RESOLVED 1553 00:54:40,720 --> 00:54:42,600 WITHOUT DEALING WITH POWER 1554 00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:44,400 RELATIONS BUT SINCE POWER 1555 00:54:44,400 --> 00:54:46,280 RELATIONS ARE THE BASIS AND 1556 00:54:46,280 --> 00:54:47,680 INEQUITY POWER RELATIONS ARE THE 1557 00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:49,480 BASIS BEHIND WHAT IS DONE, YOU 1558 00:54:49,480 --> 00:54:50,800 HAVE TOE DEAL WITH THE POWER 1559 00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:52,080 RELATIONS AND AGAIN, IT'S BETTER 1560 00:54:52,080 --> 00:54:56,080 TO DO IT IN A WAY THAT LEADS TO 1561 00:54:56,080 --> 00:54:57,880 EXPANSIVE ACTION GOING FORWARD, 1562 00:54:57,880 --> 00:54:59,680 BUT IT'S NOT GOING TO BE 1563 00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:00,760 NECESSARILY EASY. 1564 00:55:00,760 --> 00:55:03,520 BUT A STARTING PLACE IS IN PART 1565 00:55:03,520 --> 00:55:05,360 AGAIN TO IDENTIFY THERE'S A 1566 00:55:05,360 --> 00:55:05,680 PROBLEM. 1567 00:55:05,680 --> 00:55:07,600 AND THAT IS PART 1. 1568 00:55:07,600 --> 00:55:08,880 IT'S NOT JUST AN OPINION AND 1569 00:55:08,880 --> 00:55:10,760 THAT'S ALSO WHY I REFER 1570 00:55:10,760 --> 00:55:12,080 INCREASINGLY TO THE WORK THAT I 1571 00:55:12,080 --> 00:55:13,280 AND OTHERS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH DO 1572 00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:15,680 ABOUT COMING UP WITH EMBODIED 1573 00:55:15,680 --> 00:55:15,880 TRUTHS. 1574 00:55:15,880 --> 00:55:16,400 THESE ARE NOT OPINIONS. 1575 00:55:16,400 --> 00:55:18,680 THIS IS WHAT OUR BODIES ARE 1576 00:55:18,680 --> 00:55:20,000 REVEALING AND OUR BODIES INCLUDE 1577 00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:23,040 OUR MIND ABOUT THE STAT STATE OF THE 1578 00:55:23,040 --> 00:55:24,400 WORLD AND STATE OF OUR SOCIETY 1579 00:55:24,400 --> 00:55:26,480 MANY OF THOSE ARE NOT UP FOR 1580 00:55:26,480 --> 00:55:27,800 GRABS AS OPINIONS, THEY'RE 1581 00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:30,160 TESTABLE, AND TESTED PATTERNS OF 1582 00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:31,720 HEALTH AND THEY NEED TO BE 1583 00:55:31,720 --> 00:55:33,040 EXPLAINED AND IT REALLY MATTERS 1584 00:55:33,040 --> 00:55:34,600 WHAT FRAMEWORKS YOU BRING TO 1585 00:55:34,600 --> 00:55:36,800 MAKE THOSE EXPLANATIONS IN A WAY 1586 00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:38,320 THAT REVOLES ACCOUNT A LOT FOR 1587 00:55:38,320 --> 00:55:40,280 WHAT THIS PATTERNS ARE. 1588 00:55:40,280 --> 00:55:42,920 >> THANK YOU, AGAIN, SO MUCH, 1589 00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:43,640 Dr. KRIEGER. 1590 00:55:43,640 --> 00:55:47,280 THAT WILL BE OUR LAST QUESTION. 1591 00:55:47,280 --> 00:55:49,000 NOW, HOWEVER, PROFESSOR KRIEGER 1592 00:55:49,000 --> 00:55:51,280 WILL JOINS FOR A PANEL 1593 00:55:51,280 --> 00:55:53,080 DISCUSSION FOLLOWING THE NEXT 1594 00:55:53,080 --> 00:55:55,400 TWO PLENARY TALKS SO THOSE WHO 1595 00:55:55,400 --> 00:55:56,480 SUBMITTED QUESTIONS, THANK YOU 1596 00:55:56,480 --> 00:55:57,640 AND PLEASE KEEP THEM COMING. 1597 00:55:57,640 --> 00:56:00,760 I WILL NOW PASS IT OFF TO Dr. 1598 00:56:00,760 --> 00:56:02,000 RONNA POPKIN WHO WILL INTRODUCE 1599 00:56:02,000 --> 00:56:03,480 OUR NEXT SPEAKER. 1600 00:56:03,480 --> 00:56:06,640 >> THANK YOU, Dr. BARR. 1601 00:56:06,640 --> 00:56:08,640 SO I AM THRILLED AND THANK YOU 1602 00:56:08,640 --> 00:56:10,640 Dr. KRIEGER FOR A REALLY 1603 00:56:10,640 --> 00:56:11,800 AMAZING TALK. 1604 00:56:11,800 --> 00:56:14,080 WELL, I'M THRILLED TO BE ABLE TO 1605 00:56:14,080 --> 00:56:18,440 INTRODUCE TODAY Dr. PATRICIA 1606 00:56:18,440 --> 00:56:20,480 HOMAN, AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF 1607 00:56:20,480 --> 00:56:22,040 SOCIOLOGY AND OF THE 1608 00:56:22,040 --> 00:56:23,800 PUBLIC-HEALTH PROGRAM AT FLORIDA 1609 00:56:23,800 --> 00:56:25,320 STATE UNIVERSITY. 1610 00:56:25,320 --> 00:56:31,200 SO, Dr. HOMAN'S FULL BIOGRAPHY 1611 00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:35,280 IS ON THE EVENT PAGE AND IT'S 1612 00:56:35,280 --> 00:56:37,920 THEORY AND STRUCTURAL SEXISM, 1613 00:56:37,920 --> 00:56:39,240 RACISM AND OTHER FORMS OF 1614 00:56:39,240 --> 00:56:41,560 STRUCTURAL INJUSTICE AS WELL AS 1615 00:56:41,560 --> 00:56:43,400 EXAMINING HOW THESE FORCES SHAPE 1616 00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:44,120 HEALTH. 1617 00:56:44,120 --> 00:56:46,240 SO, PLEASE JOIN ME AND WELCOMING 1618 00:56:46,240 --> 00:56:50,440 Dr. PATRICIA HOMAN TO THE 1619 00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:51,280 VIRTUAL STAGE. 1620 00:56:51,280 --> 00:56:53,040 >> HI, THANK YOU SO MUCH. 1621 00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:54,680 I'M THRILLED TO HAVE THIS 1622 00:56:54,680 --> 00:56:56,880 OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK TO YOU ALL. 1623 00:56:56,880 --> 00:57:09,440 I'M GOING TO SHARE MY SLIDES. 1624 00:57:09,440 --> 00:57:09,880 OK. 1625 00:57:09,880 --> 00:57:12,280 SO, THE TITLE OF MY TALK IS "THE 1626 00:57:12,280 --> 00:57:13,880 HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF 1627 00:57:13,880 --> 00:57:17,280 STRUCTURAL SEXISM" CONCEPTUAL 1628 00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:18,360 FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR 1629 00:57:18,360 --> 00:57:23,800 FUTURE RESEARCH. 1630 00:57:23,800 --> 00:57:26,160 MY TALK WILL COVER THREE MAIN 1631 00:57:26,160 --> 00:57:27,120 THINGS TODAY. 1632 00:57:27,120 --> 00:57:29,280 FIRST, WHAT IS STRUCTURAL 1633 00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:29,880 SEXISM? 1634 00:57:29,880 --> 00:57:31,440 AND HOW IS IT A USEFUL APPROACH 1635 00:57:31,440 --> 00:57:34,080 FOR STUDYING POPULATION HEALTH. 1636 00:57:34,080 --> 00:57:36,280 SECOND, WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW 1637 00:57:36,280 --> 00:57:38,480 ABOUT HOW STRUCTURAL SEXISM 1638 00:57:38,480 --> 00:57:40,000 SHAPES HEALTH IN THE U.S. AND 1639 00:57:40,000 --> 00:57:41,800 THEN THIRD, HOW CAN WE MOST 1640 00:57:41,800 --> 00:57:43,200 EFFECTIVELY BUILD ON THIS 1641 00:57:43,200 --> 00:57:48,800 EMERGING LINE OF RESEARCH? 1642 00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:53,120 SO FIRST, WHAT IS STRUCTURAL 1643 00:57:53,120 --> 00:57:55,760 SEXISM? 1644 00:57:55,760 --> 00:57:57,880 WHY IS IT USEFUL FOR STUDYING 1645 00:57:57,880 --> 00:57:58,600 POPULATIONAL HEALTH. 1646 00:57:58,600 --> 00:58:00,840 FOR MANY PEOPLE, WHEN THEY HEAR 1647 00:58:00,840 --> 00:58:03,280 THE WORLD SEXISM, THEY TEND TO 1648 00:58:03,280 --> 00:58:04,480 THINK ABOUT GENDER 1649 00:58:04,480 --> 00:58:06,080 DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE, 1650 00:58:06,080 --> 00:58:08,680 SORRY SEXUAL HARASSMENT, OR 1651 00:58:08,680 --> 00:58:12,280 OTHER TYPES OF OVERT INTER 1652 00:58:12,280 --> 00:58:13,000 PERSONAL MISTREATMENT AND ABUSE 1653 00:58:13,000 --> 00:58:17,280 THAT'S PERPETRATED BY 1654 00:58:17,280 --> 00:58:17,560 INDIVIDUALS. 1655 00:58:17,560 --> 00:58:19,480 WE KNOW THIS TYPE OF PERCEIVED 1656 00:58:19,480 --> 00:58:20,880 DISCRIMINATION AND SEXUAL 1657 00:58:20,880 --> 00:58:21,960 HARASSMENT IS HARMFUL FOR 1658 00:58:21,960 --> 00:58:22,560 WOMEN'S HEALTH. 1659 00:58:22,560 --> 00:58:25,360 IT'S BEEN LINKED TO A VARIETY OF 1660 00:58:25,360 --> 00:58:26,560 NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES 1661 00:58:26,560 --> 00:58:28,480 INCLUDING ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, 1662 00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:30,800 G.I. SYMPTOMS, HIGH BLOOD 1663 00:58:30,800 --> 00:58:32,280 PRESSURE AND FUNGAL LIMITATIONS 1664 00:58:32,280 --> 00:58:33,680 JUST TO NAME A FEW. 1665 00:58:33,680 --> 00:58:35,800 BUT THERE'S MORE TO THE STORY 1666 00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:37,320 HERE BECAUSE THESE ACTIONS ARE 1667 00:58:37,320 --> 00:58:39,040 NOT ISOLATED INCIDENTS AND 1668 00:58:39,040 --> 00:58:40,480 THEY'RE NOT SOMETHING THAT 1669 00:58:40,480 --> 00:58:42,480 HAPPENS IN A VACUUM. 1670 00:58:42,480 --> 00:58:44,600 THEY'RE WIDESPREAD AND SYSTEMIC 1671 00:58:44,600 --> 00:58:46,440 AND THEY'RE SYMPTOMS OF 1672 00:58:46,440 --> 00:58:47,960 UNDERLYING GENDER POWER 1673 00:58:47,960 --> 00:58:51,760 STRUCTURES IN A SOCIETY. 1674 00:58:51,760 --> 00:58:55,120 THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER, 1675 00:58:55,120 --> 00:58:58,600 STATUS, RESOURCES, RIGHTS, 1676 00:58:58,600 --> 00:59:00,120 ROLES, OPPORTUNITIES AND 1677 00:59:00,120 --> 00:59:02,040 EXPOSURES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY, 1678 00:59:02,040 --> 00:59:05,200 IS VERY UNEQUAL ACROSS GENDER 1679 00:59:05,200 --> 00:59:05,440 LINES. 1680 00:59:05,440 --> 00:59:08,200 AND THIS NOT ONLY ENABLES THE 1681 00:59:08,200 --> 00:59:11,280 TIME OF MISS TREATMEN MISTREATMENT I JUST 1682 00:59:11,280 --> 00:59:12,920 MENTIONED BUT THIS DISTRIBUTION, 1683 00:59:12,920 --> 00:59:15,040 IN AND OF ITSELF, HAVE PROFOUND 1684 00:59:15,040 --> 00:59:16,200 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LIFE 1685 00:59:16,200 --> 00:59:17,200 CHANCES, THE HEALTH AND THE 1686 00:59:17,200 --> 00:59:18,680 WELLBEING OF ALL MEMBERS OF 1687 00:59:18,680 --> 00:59:20,280 SOCIETY, REGARDLESS OF HOW AWARE 1688 00:59:20,280 --> 00:59:22,800 THEY ARE OF THESE INEQUALITIES. 1689 00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:24,440 AND THIS UNDERLYING STRUCTURE 1690 00:59:24,440 --> 00:59:26,480 CAN EFFECT PEOPLE THROUGH A 1691 00:59:26,480 --> 00:59:27,680 VARIETY OF DIFFERENT MECHANISMS 1692 00:59:27,680 --> 00:59:29,680 OTHER THAN JUST DIRECTLY 1693 00:59:29,680 --> 00:59:33,000 PERCEIVED INTERPERSONAL SEXIST 1694 00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:33,280 BEHAVIOR. 1695 00:59:33,280 --> 00:59:35,360 SO THIS GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF 1696 00:59:35,360 --> 00:59:36,680 VALUED RESOURCES AND 1697 00:59:36,680 --> 00:59:38,120 OPPORTUNITIES CAN BE MORE OR 1698 00:59:38,120 --> 00:59:40,040 LESS EQUITABLE IN ANY GIVEN 1699 00:59:40,040 --> 00:59:41,240 SOCIAL CONTEXT. 1700 00:59:41,240 --> 00:59:43,400 SO IT VARIES ACROSS TIME AND 1701 00:59:43,400 --> 00:59:43,640 PLACE. 1702 00:59:43,640 --> 00:59:46,360 AND THAT MEANS WE NEED A WAY OF 1703 00:59:46,360 --> 00:59:49,200 CHARACTERIZING THE EXTENT OF 1704 00:59:49,200 --> 00:59:50,560 SYSTEMIC GENDER INEQUALITY. 1705 00:59:50,560 --> 00:59:52,200 THAT'S WHY MY WORK HAS BEEN 1706 00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:53,880 FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING A 1707 00:59:53,880 --> 00:59:55,600 STRUCTURAL SEXISM PERSPECTIVE. 1708 00:59:55,600 --> 01:00:01,000 THIS PERSPECTIVE TRICK TRICKS DISTRICTS 1709 01:00:01,000 --> 01:00:02,440 BEYOND BAD ACTORS AND BEHAVIORS 1710 01:00:02,440 --> 01:00:04,080 TO HIGHLIGHT THE INSTITUTIONAL 1711 01:00:04,080 --> 01:00:06,080 ARRANGEMENT THIS IS SOCIETY THAT 1712 01:00:06,080 --> 01:00:07,600 PRIVILEGE MEN AND SUBORDINATE 1713 01:00:07,600 --> 01:00:07,840 WOMEN. 1714 01:00:07,840 --> 01:00:10,200 THE FOCUS HERE IS ON HOW 1715 01:00:10,200 --> 01:00:16,080 DISCRIMINATORY GENDER SYSTEMS 1716 01:00:16,080 --> 01:00:16,880 AFFECT HEALTH. 1717 01:00:16,880 --> 01:00:18,480 MY WORK IN DEVELOPING A 1718 01:00:18,480 --> 01:00:20,240 STRUCTURAL SEXISM PERSPECTIVE IS 1719 01:00:20,240 --> 01:00:22,120 BASED ON FEMINIST THEORIES OF 1720 01:00:22,120 --> 01:00:24,400 GENDER AS A SOCIAL STRUCTURE. 1721 01:00:24,400 --> 01:00:25,560 SO, HERE I'M THINKING OF THE 1722 01:00:25,560 --> 01:00:31,080 WORK OF BARBARA SISMAN AND I'VE 1723 01:00:31,080 --> 01:00:33,880 LAID OUT HERE WHAT GENDER MEAN 1724 01:00:33,880 --> 01:00:36,240 WHEN THEY TALK ABOUT GENDER AS A 1725 01:00:36,240 --> 01:00:39,080 SOCIAL STRUCTURE OR THE GENDER 1726 01:00:39,080 --> 01:00:39,280 SYSTEM. 1727 01:00:39,280 --> 01:00:41,720 GENDER ITSELF IS CONCEPTUALIZED, 1728 01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:45,880 NOT AS PRIMARILY AN INDIVIDUAL 1729 01:00:45,880 --> 01:00:47,080 LEVEL ATTRIBUTE BUT A 1730 01:00:47,080 --> 01:00:48,240 MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURE OR SYSTEM 1731 01:00:48,240 --> 01:00:50,480 OF DIFFERENCE AND INEQUALITY. 1732 01:00:50,480 --> 01:00:52,880 THE GENDER SYSTEM IS RELATIONAL 1733 01:00:52,880 --> 01:00:55,280 AND EMBODIED AND IT'S EXPRESSED 1734 01:00:55,280 --> 01:00:58,880 THROUGH INSTITUTIONS, 1735 01:00:58,880 --> 01:00:59,920 INTERACTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS AND 1736 01:00:59,920 --> 01:01:00,880 PROCESSES THAT STRUCTURE 1737 01:01:00,880 --> 01:01:02,080 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 1738 01:01:02,080 --> 01:01:04,520 BASED ON A INDIVIDUAL SEX 1739 01:01:04,520 --> 01:01:05,080 CATEGORY. 1740 01:01:05,080 --> 01:01:06,680 SO, AT THE MAX ROW LEVEL OF 1741 01:01:06,680 --> 01:01:09,640 GENDER SYSTEM, IT INVOLVES 1742 01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:10,480 WIDESPREAD CULTURAL NORMS AND 1743 01:01:10,480 --> 01:01:12,600 THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES, 1744 01:01:12,600 --> 01:01:14,240 ALONG GENDER LINES IN MAJOR 1745 01:01:14,240 --> 01:01:17,080 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 1746 01:01:17,080 --> 01:01:19,080 AT THE MESO LEVEL, OFTEN CALLED 1747 01:01:19,080 --> 01:01:20,760 THE INTERACTION LEVEL, THE 1748 01:01:20,760 --> 01:01:23,000 GENDER SYSTEM INVOLVES 1749 01:01:23,000 --> 01:01:24,320 INTERACTIONAL PATTERNS OF 1750 01:01:24,320 --> 01:01:26,920 BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL 1751 01:01:26,920 --> 01:01:28,680 PRACTICES AND THIS LEVEL IS 1752 01:01:28,680 --> 01:01:30,840 VITAL TO THE SYSTEM BECAUSE IT'S 1753 01:01:30,840 --> 01:01:34,600 CONSIDERED THE LEVEL AT THEY ARE 1754 01:01:34,600 --> 01:01:37,480 PRODUCED AND AT THIS LEVEL, 1755 01:01:37,480 --> 01:01:39,160 GENDER NORMS AND BELIEFS ABOUT 1756 01:01:39,160 --> 01:01:40,360 FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1757 01:01:40,360 --> 01:01:43,680 MEN AND WOMEN COMBINED WITH 1758 01:01:43,680 --> 01:01:44,120 STRUCTURALLY UNEQUAL 1759 01:01:44,120 --> 01:01:45,560 RELATIONSHIPS LEADING MEN AND 1760 01:01:45,560 --> 01:01:47,720 WOMEN TO RECREATE GENDER 1761 01:01:47,720 --> 01:01:48,680 INEQUALITY THIS IS THEIR 1762 01:01:48,680 --> 01:01:50,200 EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS, SO TO 1763 01:01:50,200 --> 01:01:52,520 GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE, RATHER THAN 1764 01:01:52,520 --> 01:01:54,280 TALKING ABOUT SOMETHING OVERT 1765 01:01:54,280 --> 01:01:59,400 LIKE SEXUAL HARASSMENT, AN 1766 01:01:59,400 --> 01:02:00,640 EXAMPLE WOULD BE THAT IN THE 1767 01:02:00,640 --> 01:02:02,640 WORKPLACE, CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS 1768 01:02:02,640 --> 01:02:04,520 REQUIRED THAT WOMEN BE COMMUNAL 1769 01:02:04,520 --> 01:02:06,520 AND TEAM ORIENTED AND THIS CAN 1770 01:02:06,520 --> 01:02:08,360 RESULT IN WOMEN BEING ASSIGNED 1771 01:02:08,360 --> 01:02:10,800 OR VOLUNTEERING TO PERFORM MORE 1772 01:02:10,800 --> 01:02:13,080 UNDESIRABLE AND UNREWARDED TASKS 1773 01:02:13,080 --> 01:02:15,800 AND REDUCING THEIR LIKELIHOOD OF 1774 01:02:15,800 --> 01:02:17,480 PROMOTION AND REPRODUCING GENDER 1775 01:02:17,480 --> 01:02:18,880 INEQUALITY IN POWER AND 1776 01:02:18,880 --> 01:02:21,000 RESOURCES IN THE WORKPLACE. 1777 01:02:21,000 --> 01:02:23,960 THIS MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY 1778 01:02:23,960 --> 01:02:26,000 PERCEIVED BUT MAY NONE THE LESS 1779 01:02:26,000 --> 01:02:26,720 SHAPE WOMEN'S HEALTH THROUGH 1780 01:02:26,720 --> 01:02:28,640 DIRECT AND INDIRECT PATHWAYS 1781 01:02:28,640 --> 01:02:30,200 INCLUDING STRESS AND DIMINISHED 1782 01:02:30,200 --> 01:02:32,560 ACCESS TO MATERIAL RESOURCES. 1783 01:02:32,560 --> 01:02:34,560 AND THEN FINALLY, AT THE MOST 1784 01:02:34,560 --> 01:02:36,120 MICRO LEVEL OF THE GENDER 1785 01:02:36,120 --> 01:02:39,880 SYSTEM, WE HAVE THE INDIVIDUALS. 1786 01:02:39,880 --> 01:02:41,480 AT LEFT LEVEL WE HAVE GENDER 1787 01:02:41,480 --> 01:02:43,160 ITSELF, IDENTITY, BELIEFS, 1788 01:02:43,160 --> 01:02:46,160 CREATED THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF 1789 01:02:46,160 --> 01:02:46,880 SOCIALIZATION, TINNALLIZATION 1790 01:02:46,880 --> 01:02:50,440 AND IDENTITY WORK. 1791 01:02:50,440 --> 01:02:52,440 SO STRUCTURAL SEXISM, I USE THAT 1792 01:02:52,440 --> 01:02:55,120 TERM TO REFER TO THE DEGREE OF 1793 01:02:55,120 --> 01:02:56,880 SYSTEMATIC GENDER INEQUALITY IN 1794 01:02:56,880 --> 01:03:02,800 POWER AND RESOURCES MANIFEST IN 1795 01:03:02,800 --> 01:03:04,240 A GENDER SYSTEM. 1796 01:03:04,240 --> 01:03:06,600 ALTHOUGH MOST AGAIN TER SYSTEMS 1797 01:03:06,600 --> 01:03:13,760 HAVE BEE PATRIARCHAL BECAUSE THEY'RE 1798 01:03:13,760 --> 01:03:15,480 MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURES, WE CAN 1799 01:03:15,480 --> 01:03:17,760 SEE STRUCTURAL SEXISM PLAY 1800 01:03:17,760 --> 01:03:20,160 SOUGHT AS GENDERED POWER AND 1801 01:03:20,160 --> 01:03:22,280 RESOURCE IN EQUALITIES IN 1802 01:03:22,280 --> 01:03:23,760 LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL 1803 01:03:23,760 --> 01:03:25,640 AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AT THE 1804 01:03:25,640 --> 01:03:27,880 MACRO LEVEL IN ORGANIZATIONAL 1805 01:03:27,880 --> 01:03:29,680 AND INTERACTIONAL SETTINGS AT 1806 01:03:29,680 --> 01:03:31,680 THE MESO LEVEL AND IN INDIVIDUAL 1807 01:03:31,680 --> 01:03:33,080 IDENTITIES BELIEFS AND BODIES AT 1808 01:03:33,080 --> 01:03:36,560 THE MICRO LEVEL. 1809 01:03:36,560 --> 01:03:38,960 IT DOES NOT REQUIRE OVERT SEXIST 1810 01:03:38,960 --> 01:03:41,120 BEHAVIORS AND IS OFTEN 1811 01:03:41,120 --> 01:03:41,680 UNPERCEIVED. 1812 01:03:41,680 --> 01:03:43,680 IT'S FUNDAMENTALLY ABOUT 1813 01:03:43,680 --> 01:03:45,840 HIERARCHY AND INEQUALITY RATHER 1814 01:03:45,840 --> 01:03:51,080 THAN INTER PERSONAL 1815 01:03:51,080 --> 01:03:51,760 MISTREATMENT. 1816 01:03:51,760 --> 01:03:56,000 SO, IN MY FIRST RESEARCH THAT 1817 01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:57,800 ATTEMPTED TO QUANTIFY STRUCTURAL 1818 01:03:57,800 --> 01:04:03,080 SEXISM IN A MULTI-LEV FRAMEWORK, 1819 01:04:03,080 --> 01:04:04,480 I FOCUSED ON THEE THESE AREAS. 1820 01:04:04,480 --> 01:04:06,320 U.S. STATE LEVELS INSTITUTIONS, 1821 01:04:06,320 --> 01:04:08,920 AT THE MACRO LEVEL, MARITAL DIE 1822 01:04:08,920 --> 01:04:11,640 ADDS AT THE MESO LEVEL AND I 1823 01:04:11,640 --> 01:04:13,480 CHOSE TO FOCUS ON MARRIAGE FOR 1824 01:04:13,480 --> 01:04:14,200 TWO REASONS. 1825 01:04:14,200 --> 01:04:15,880 ONE BECAUSE IT'S ONE OF THE 1826 01:04:15,880 --> 01:04:17,440 PRIMARY SITES OF INTERACTION 1827 01:04:17,440 --> 01:04:19,200 BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AND ALSO 1828 01:04:19,200 --> 01:04:21,080 BECAUSE THE GENDER DID DIVISION 1829 01:04:21,080 --> 01:04:22,400 OF LABOR BETWEEN SPOUSES IS 1830 01:04:22,400 --> 01:04:23,480 ESSENTIAL TO THE SOCIAL 1831 01:04:23,480 --> 01:04:25,400 PRODUCTION OF GENDER INEQUALITY 1832 01:04:25,400 --> 01:04:27,080 IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND IN OTHER 1833 01:04:27,080 --> 01:04:29,520 DOMAINS SUCH AS THE LABOR 1834 01:04:29,520 --> 01:04:29,760 MARKET. 1835 01:04:29,760 --> 01:04:31,560 AND THEN FINALLY, AT THE MICRO 1836 01:04:31,560 --> 01:04:33,680 LEVEL, I FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUALS 1837 01:04:33,680 --> 01:04:37,360 AND IN PARTICULAR, THEIR 1838 01:04:37,360 --> 01:04:38,920 INTERNALIZED GENDER IDEOLOGY, 1839 01:04:38,920 --> 01:04:42,080 NOT JUST ANY IDEOLOGY THAT 1840 01:04:42,080 --> 01:04:44,480 REINFORCES GENDER INEQUALITY IN 1841 01:04:44,480 --> 01:04:46,000 POWER AND RESOURCES SO FOR 1842 01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:46,920 EXAMPLE, ONE OF THE MEASURES 1843 01:04:46,920 --> 01:04:49,200 THAT I USE WAS AGREEMENT WITH 1844 01:04:49,200 --> 01:04:50,400 THE STATEMENT IT IS MUCH BETTER 1845 01:04:50,400 --> 01:04:52,040 IF THE MAN IS THE ACHIEVER AND 1846 01:04:52,040 --> 01:04:54,280 THE WOMAN TAKES CARE OF HOME AND 1847 01:04:54,280 --> 01:04:54,720 FAMILY. 1848 01:04:54,720 --> 01:04:57,200 SO YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS BELIEF 1849 01:04:57,200 --> 01:04:58,480 WOULD REINFORCE POWER AND 1850 01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:00,040 RESOURCE IN INEQUALITY BETWEEN 1851 01:05:00,040 --> 01:05:01,480 MEMBER AND WOMEN BY RESTRICTING 1852 01:05:01,480 --> 01:05:08,200 WOMEN TO UNPAID LABOR. 1853 01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:10,600 SO HERE IS A LIST OF THE 1854 01:05:10,600 --> 01:05:12,280 SPECIFIC STATE LEVELS STRUCTURAL 1855 01:05:12,280 --> 01:05:14,280 SEXISM MEASURES THAT I HAVE USED 1856 01:05:14,280 --> 01:05:17,320 IN THE PAST AND MY RESEARCH. 1857 01:05:17,320 --> 01:05:18,680 THE DATA CAME FROM 1858 01:05:18,680 --> 01:05:19,720 ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES INCLUDING 1859 01:05:19,720 --> 01:05:22,080 THE CENSUS, THE BUREAU LABOR OF 1860 01:05:22,080 --> 01:05:23,360 STATISTICS, INSTITUTE FOR 1861 01:05:23,360 --> 01:05:27,120 WOMEN'S POLICY RESEARCH AND I 1862 01:05:27,120 --> 01:05:29,160 USED SIX MEASURES ACROSS FOUR 1863 01:05:29,160 --> 01:05:30,880 DIFFERENT DOMAINS ALL OF THESE 1864 01:05:30,880 --> 01:05:32,440 MEASURES WERE BASED ON PREVIOUS 1865 01:05:32,440 --> 01:05:33,880 RESEARCH AND THEORY. 1866 01:05:33,880 --> 01:05:36,960 AND IN THE ECONOMIC DOMAIN I 1867 01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:38,320 HAVE THREE MEASURES REFLECTING 1868 01:05:38,320 --> 01:05:40,360 WELL-KNOWN PATTERNS OF GENDER 1869 01:05:40,360 --> 01:05:40,840 INEQUALITY. 1870 01:05:40,840 --> 01:05:42,720 THE GENDER WAGE GAP, GENDER 1871 01:05:42,720 --> 01:05:44,400 DIFFERENCES IN LABOR FORCE 1872 01:05:44,400 --> 01:05:48,000 PARTICIPATION, AND THE FEMALE 1873 01:05:48,000 --> 01:05:49,000 INIZATION OF POVERTY. 1874 01:05:49,000 --> 01:05:51,840 IN THE POLITICAL DOMAIN I HAVE 1875 01:05:51,840 --> 01:05:53,800 STATE LEGISLATURE SEATS OCCUPIED 1876 01:05:53,800 --> 01:05:55,680 BY MEN. 1877 01:05:55,680 --> 01:05:57,600 THIS VARIES WIDELY ACROSS STATES 1878 01:05:57,600 --> 01:06:00,560 WITH MEN OCCUPYING 88% OF 1879 01:06:00,560 --> 01:06:03,360 LEGISLATURE SEATS IN WEST 1880 01:06:03,360 --> 01:06:05,240 VIRGINIA COMPARED TO 40% IN 1881 01:06:05,240 --> 01:06:05,480 NEVADA. 1882 01:06:05,480 --> 01:06:06,880 YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THE 1883 01:06:06,880 --> 01:06:09,480 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL MEASURES 1884 01:06:09,480 --> 01:06:11,640 CLOSELY PARALLEL MEASURES USED 1885 01:06:11,640 --> 01:06:13,760 TO CAPTURE STRUCTURAL RACISM. 1886 01:06:13,760 --> 01:06:16,120 IF YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THAT 1887 01:06:16,120 --> 01:06:16,440 LITERATURE. 1888 01:06:16,440 --> 01:06:19,200 AND THEN FOR A CULTURAL MEASURE, 1889 01:06:19,200 --> 01:06:21,200 I USE THE PREVALENCE OF RE LIGE 1890 01:06:21,200 --> 01:06:25,880 US CONSERVATIVES IN THE STATE. 1891 01:06:25,880 --> 01:06:28,720 THIS NOT INCLUDES EVANGELICAL 1892 01:06:28,720 --> 01:06:29,680 PROTESTANTS AND FORMANCE BECAUSE 1893 01:06:29,680 --> 01:06:31,600 THESE RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REL 1894 01:06:31,600 --> 01:06:33,560 GATE WOMEN TO SUB OR DIN AT 1895 01:06:33,560 --> 01:06:35,440 ROLES IN THE FAMILY AND THE 1896 01:06:35,440 --> 01:06:37,480 CHURCH AND IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE 1897 01:06:37,480 --> 01:06:40,480 IN BOTH THEIR IDEOLOGY AND IN 1898 01:06:40,480 --> 01:06:40,880 PRACTICE. 1899 01:06:40,880 --> 01:06:43,360 SO, GETTING AT THE PREVALENCE OF 1900 01:06:43,360 --> 01:06:45,520 RELIGIOUS CONSERVATIVES IN A 1901 01:06:45,520 --> 01:06:46,920 STATE, PRO VOIDS A MEASURE OF 1902 01:06:46,920 --> 01:06:52,400 THE POWER THAT THESE ROW LIGE US RELIGIOUS 1903 01:06:52,400 --> 01:06:53,920 INSTITUTIONS HAVE IN A STATE 1904 01:06:53,920 --> 01:06:54,400 ENVIRONMENT. 1905 01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:56,360 BECAUSE THEY HIGHLIGHT THE 1906 01:06:56,360 --> 01:06:58,120 IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM FROM 1907 01:06:58,120 --> 01:07:00,240 PHYSICAL COERCION AND BEHAVIORAL 1908 01:07:00,240 --> 01:07:01,560 CONSTRAINT AS A FOUNDATION FOR 1909 01:07:01,560 --> 01:07:04,080 GENDER EQUITY, I INCLUDE A 1910 01:07:04,080 --> 01:07:05,280 PHYSICAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 1911 01:07:05,280 --> 01:07:06,800 MEASURE WHICH IS THE PERCENTAGE 1912 01:07:06,800 --> 01:07:08,280 OF WOMEN IN A STATE WHO LIVE IN 1913 01:07:08,280 --> 01:07:10,440 A COUNTY WITHOUT AN ABORTION 1914 01:07:10,440 --> 01:07:10,680 PROVIDER. 1915 01:07:10,680 --> 01:07:12,440 THIS IS REALLY CRUCIAL BECAUSE 1916 01:07:12,440 --> 01:07:15,200 WITHOUT BODILY AUTONOMY, WOMEN 1917 01:07:15,200 --> 01:07:18,360 CAN'T EQUALLY PARTICIPATE IN 1918 01:07:18,360 --> 01:07:18,600 SOCIETY. 1919 01:07:18,600 --> 01:07:21,360 SO I STANDARDIZED AND SUMMED 1920 01:07:21,360 --> 01:07:22,560 THESE INDICATORS TO CREATE AN 1921 01:07:22,560 --> 01:07:24,680 OVER ALL MEASURE OF STRUCTURAL 1922 01:07:24,680 --> 01:07:26,640 SEXISM AND WHILE YOU CAN LOOK AT 1923 01:07:26,640 --> 01:07:28,520 THESE ITEMS INDIVIDUALLY, I 1924 01:07:28,520 --> 01:07:31,680 THINK STRUCTURAL SEXISM IS BEST 1925 01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:33,320 CONCEPTUALIZED AS A SYSTEM 1926 01:07:33,320 --> 01:07:34,880 GENDER INEQUALITY THAT OPERATES 1927 01:07:34,880 --> 01:07:36,520 ACROSS INTERCONNECTED AND 1928 01:07:36,520 --> 01:07:38,680 MUTUALLY REINFORCING DOMAINS. 1929 01:07:38,680 --> 01:07:41,040 AND ALSO EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS HAVE 1930 01:07:41,040 --> 01:07:42,680 SHOWN THESE ITEMS ARE HIGHLY 1931 01:07:42,680 --> 01:07:44,080 CORRELATED AND THAT THE HEALTH 1932 01:07:44,080 --> 01:07:45,280 EFFECTS I FOUND ARE NOT DRIVEN 1933 01:07:45,280 --> 01:07:49,680 BY A SINGLE INDICATER. 1934 01:07:49,680 --> 01:07:51,640 WHAT IT MAY NOT BEING 1935 01:07:51,640 --> 01:07:53,080 EXHAUSTIVE, IT DOES CAPTURE THE 1936 01:07:53,080 --> 01:07:54,480 EXCLUSION OF WOMEN FROM POWER 1937 01:07:54,480 --> 01:07:58,200 AND RESOURCES IN SEVERAL KEY 1938 01:07:58,200 --> 01:07:58,440 AREAS. 1939 01:07:58,440 --> 01:08:01,000 THE MAP ON THE RIGHT SHOWS WHICH 1940 01:08:01,000 --> 01:08:02,080 STATES HAD THE HIGHEST AND 1941 01:08:02,080 --> 01:08:04,360 LOWEST LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL 1942 01:08:04,360 --> 01:08:06,640 SEXISM BASED ON THE STATE'S 1943 01:08:06,640 --> 01:08:07,840 AVERAGE SCORE ACROSS THE TIME 1944 01:08:07,840 --> 01:08:10,680 PER IDEA FROM 1998 TO 2012. 1945 01:08:10,680 --> 01:08:12,560 THE STATES WITH THE HIGHEST 1946 01:08:12,560 --> 01:08:14,600 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL SEXISM WERE 1947 01:08:14,600 --> 01:08:17,040 UTAH, WYOMING, MISSISSIPPI AND 1948 01:08:17,040 --> 01:08:17,280 LOUISIANA. 1949 01:08:17,280 --> 01:08:19,520 THE STATES WITH THE LOWEST WERE 1950 01:08:19,520 --> 01:08:23,520 MARYLAND, VERMONT, HAWAII AND 1951 01:08:23,520 --> 01:08:23,840 CALIFORNIA. 1952 01:08:23,840 --> 01:08:26,280 THIS IS HOW I BEGUN TO 1953 01:08:26,280 --> 01:08:27,760 OPERATIONALIZE STRUCTURAL SEXISM 1954 01:08:27,760 --> 01:08:29,800 IN STATE-LEVEL ENVIRONMENTS AND 1955 01:08:29,800 --> 01:08:31,280 I'LL SHOW YOU IN A MINUTE HOW 1956 01:08:31,280 --> 01:08:32,320 THIS RELATES TO POPULATION 1957 01:08:32,320 --> 01:08:35,440 HEALTH IN THE U.S. 1958 01:08:35,440 --> 01:08:37,680 FIRST, LET ME ILLUSTRATE FOR A 1959 01:08:37,680 --> 01:08:39,600 MINUTE WHY I THINK THIS 1960 01:08:39,600 --> 01:08:40,800 STRUCTURAL SEXISM APPROACH TO 1961 01:08:40,800 --> 01:08:42,080 POPULATION HEALTH IS USEFUL. 1962 01:08:42,080 --> 01:08:44,560 AND HOW IT CAN HELP US 1963 01:08:44,560 --> 01:08:46,920 SUPPLEMENT CONVENTIONAL 1964 01:08:46,920 --> 01:08:47,240 APPROACHES. 1965 01:08:47,240 --> 01:08:49,800 SO, THIS FIGURE REPRESENTS A 1966 01:08:49,800 --> 01:08:51,360 CONVENTIONAL SEX DIFFERENCES OR 1967 01:08:51,360 --> 01:08:53,480 A GENDER GAPS APPROACH TO 1968 01:08:53,480 --> 01:08:54,200 POPULATION HEALTH. 1969 01:08:54,200 --> 01:08:56,760 WHERE WE WOULD MEASURE GENDER AT 1970 01:08:56,760 --> 01:08:59,080 AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AND 1971 01:08:59,080 --> 01:09:00,520 CATEGORIZING PEOPLE AS MEN AND 1972 01:09:00,520 --> 01:09:02,080 WOMEN AND THEN EXAMINE THE 1973 01:09:02,080 --> 01:09:03,360 GENDER GAP BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN 1974 01:09:03,360 --> 01:09:05,640 IN THE PREVALENCE OF SOME HEALTH 1975 01:09:05,640 --> 01:09:06,000 OUTCOMES. 1976 01:09:06,000 --> 01:09:07,360 SO, FOR EXAMPLE, DEPRESSION. 1977 01:09:07,360 --> 01:09:08,960 THIS COULD BE A FIGURE SHOWING 1978 01:09:08,960 --> 01:09:10,760 THAT WOMEN HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF 1979 01:09:10,760 --> 01:09:12,840 DEPRESSION THAN MEN. 1980 01:09:12,840 --> 01:09:14,720 NOW THIS HAS BEEN ONE OF THE 1981 01:09:14,720 --> 01:09:16,120 PRIMARY APPROACHES TO STUDYING 1982 01:09:16,120 --> 01:09:17,440 GENDER AND HEALTH OVER THE PAST 1983 01:09:17,440 --> 01:09:19,040 SEVERAL DECADES. 1984 01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:21,000 AND THIS TYPE OF RESEARCH IS 1985 01:09:21,000 --> 01:09:21,240 VITAL. 1986 01:09:21,240 --> 01:09:24,680 IT CAN TELL US SO MUCH ABOUT IN 1987 01:09:24,680 --> 01:09:26,080 A ABSOLUTE SENSE ABOUT WHO IS 1988 01:09:26,080 --> 01:09:29,840 HEALTHY AND WHO IS NOT. 1989 01:09:29,840 --> 01:09:31,920 BUT, WHEN THESE GENDER GAPS ARE 1990 01:09:31,920 --> 01:09:34,240 USED TO INFER SOMETHING ABOUT 1991 01:09:34,240 --> 01:09:35,440 SOCIAL INEQUALITY BETWEEN MEN 1992 01:09:35,440 --> 01:09:37,120 AND WOMEN, THEY'RE NOT TELLING 1993 01:09:37,120 --> 01:09:39,160 US EVERYTHING WE MIGHT WANT TO 1994 01:09:39,160 --> 01:09:40,800 KNOW ABOUT HOW DISCRIMINATORY 1995 01:09:40,800 --> 01:09:42,800 GENDER SYSTEMS EFFECT HEALTH 1996 01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:46,120 BECAUSE THERE'S A PIECE MISSING. 1997 01:09:46,120 --> 01:09:50,480 MOST OF THE TIME, WE'RE NOT 1998 01:09:50,480 --> 01:09:53,320 MEASURING SEX I AM EXPOSURE. 1999 01:09:53,320 --> 01:09:55,080 WE MIGHT THINK MEN AND WOMEN FOR 2000 01:09:55,080 --> 01:09:56,880 EXPOSURE BUT THE REALITY IS BOTH 2001 01:09:56,880 --> 01:09:58,280 MEN AND WOMEN LIVE IN SOCIAL 2002 01:09:58,280 --> 01:09:59,840 SETTINGS THAT ARE CHARACTERIZED 2003 01:09:59,840 --> 01:10:01,080 BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF 2004 01:10:01,080 --> 01:10:02,240 STRUCTURAL SEXISM. 2005 01:10:02,240 --> 01:10:03,680 BECAUSE IT VARIES ACROSS TIME 2006 01:10:03,680 --> 01:10:05,360 AND PLACE AND SO BOTH MEN AND 2007 01:10:05,360 --> 01:10:08,080 WOMEN CAN BE IMPACTED, THEY CAN 2008 01:10:08,080 --> 01:10:11,680 HELP HAVE THEIR HEALTH IMPACTED 2009 01:10:11,680 --> 01:10:13,360 BY SEXUAL STRUCTURALISM. 2010 01:10:13,360 --> 01:10:15,280 WE'RE CAPTURING THIS GENDER GAP 2011 01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:16,680 IN HEALTH AT THE AVERAGE LEVEL 2012 01:10:16,680 --> 01:10:19,280 OF EXPOSURE BUT IN THEORY THESE 2013 01:10:19,280 --> 01:10:20,480 TWO DOTS COULD BE ANYWHERE ALONG 2014 01:10:20,480 --> 01:10:22,120 THE X AXIS. 2015 01:10:22,120 --> 01:10:25,480 YOU COULD HAVE A GAP LIKE THIS 2016 01:10:25,480 --> 01:10:27,440 IN A HEALTH OUTCOME BETWEEN MEN 2017 01:10:27,440 --> 01:10:30,960 AND WOMEN IN A SCENARIO IN WHICH 2018 01:10:30,960 --> 01:10:33,080 STRUCTURAL SEXISM HAS NO EFFECT 2019 01:10:33,080 --> 01:10:33,960 ON HEALTH. 2020 01:10:33,960 --> 01:10:35,840 THE HEALTH GAPS ARE ATTRIBUTABLE 2021 01:10:35,840 --> 01:10:38,960 TO SOME OTHER FACTORS. 2022 01:10:38,960 --> 01:10:41,080 OR YOU COULD HAVE THE SAME GAP 2023 01:10:41,080 --> 01:10:43,480 BUT IN A SITUATION WHERE SEXISM 2024 01:10:43,480 --> 01:10:45,720 IS UNIVERSALLY HARMFUL FOR BOTH 2025 01:10:45,720 --> 01:10:46,680 MEN AND WOMEN. 2026 01:10:46,680 --> 01:10:48,680 EVERYONE WOULD BE BETTER OFF IN 2027 01:10:48,680 --> 01:10:50,800 A MORE EGALITARIAN ENVIRONMENT 2028 01:10:50,800 --> 01:10:52,880 AND THESE LINES NEED NOT BE 2029 01:10:52,880 --> 01:10:53,880 PARALLEL NECESSARILY BECAUSE, 2030 01:10:53,880 --> 01:10:55,600 FOR EXAMPLE, MEN COULD BE HARMED 2031 01:10:55,600 --> 01:10:59,280 BUT TO A LESSER EXTENT THAN 2032 01:10:59,280 --> 01:11:03,400 WOMEN. 2033 01:11:03,400 --> 01:11:05,760 OR SEXISM COULD BE BAD FOR 2034 01:11:05,760 --> 01:11:07,280 WOMEN'S HEALTH WHILE MEN RECEIVE 2035 01:11:07,280 --> 01:11:08,640 A HEALTH BENEFIT. 2036 01:11:08,640 --> 01:11:10,280 AND THIS IS THE TYPE OF PATTERN 2037 01:11:10,280 --> 01:11:12,440 THAT WE MIGHT PREDICT BASED ON 2038 01:11:12,440 --> 01:11:14,200 TRADITIONAL GENDER CONFLICT 2039 01:11:14,200 --> 01:11:16,040 PERSPECTIVES THAT SEE OPPRESSIVE 2040 01:11:16,040 --> 01:11:20,720 RELATIONSHIPS AS A ZERO-SUM 2041 01:11:20,720 --> 01:11:20,920 GAME. 2042 01:11:20,920 --> 01:11:22,080 YET ANOTHER SCENARIO COULD BE 2043 01:11:22,080 --> 01:11:24,120 THAT WOMEN'S HEALTH IS ARNOLD 2044 01:11:24,120 --> 01:11:24,720 SCHWARZENEGGER WHILE WOMEN ARE 2045 01:11:24,720 --> 01:11:32,840 ADVANTAGED ANHARMED SO ONTHE WHOLE, SEXISM HAS NO 2046 01:11:32,840 --> 01:11:34,480 SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON MEN'S 2047 01:11:34,480 --> 01:11:34,680 HEALTH. 2048 01:11:34,680 --> 01:11:36,560 THE POINT I'M TRYING TO MAKE 2049 01:11:36,560 --> 01:11:38,360 HERE IS ANY OF THESE PATTERN IN 2050 01:11:38,360 --> 01:11:40,400 EFFECT ARE POSSIBLE WITH THE 2051 01:11:40,400 --> 01:11:47,320 SAME OBSERVED GENDER GAP IN 2052 01:11:47,320 --> 01:11:47,840 HEALTH. 2053 01:11:47,840 --> 01:11:49,000 WE CAN'T TELL JUST FROM THE 2054 01:11:49,000 --> 01:11:50,520 GENDER GAP AND WE DON'T KNOW HOW 2055 01:11:50,520 --> 01:11:52,640 THE SYSTEM INFLUENCE HEALTH 2056 01:11:52,640 --> 01:11:55,680 UNLESS WE MEASURE EXPOSURE SO A 2057 01:11:55,680 --> 01:11:58,040 APPROACH SHIFTS THE FOCUS FROM 2058 01:11:58,040 --> 01:11:59,920 COMPARISONS BETWEEN MEN AND 2059 01:11:59,920 --> 01:12:01,840 WOMEN TO WITHIN GENDER 2060 01:12:01,840 --> 01:12:03,600 COMPARISONS ACROSS LEVELS OF 2061 01:12:03,600 --> 01:12:06,560 EXPOSURE TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM. 2062 01:12:06,560 --> 01:12:08,000 AND THIS APPROACH ALLOWS TO US 2063 01:12:08,000 --> 01:12:10,880 EXAMINE HOW THE UNEQUAL GENDER 2064 01:12:10,880 --> 01:12:12,280 DISTRIBUTIONS OF POWER STATUS, 2065 01:12:12,280 --> 01:12:14,160 AND RESOURCES IN A SOCIETY 2066 01:12:14,160 --> 01:12:16,480 EFFECT THE HEALTH OF ALL ITS 2067 01:12:16,480 --> 01:12:18,280 MEMBERS DOMINANT AND 2068 01:12:18,280 --> 01:12:19,000 SUBORDINATED GROUPS. 2069 01:12:19,000 --> 01:12:22,040 AND IT TAKES SERIOUSLY 2070 01:12:22,040 --> 01:12:23,080 THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF 2071 01:12:23,080 --> 01:12:25,080 GENDER NOT AS AN INDIVIDUAL 2072 01:12:25,080 --> 01:12:28,760 ATTRIBUTE BUT A SYSTEM OF 2073 01:12:28,760 --> 01:12:29,080 INEQUALITY. 2074 01:12:29,080 --> 01:12:30,720 SO WHAT DO WE ALREADY NOW ABOUT 2075 01:12:30,720 --> 01:12:32,600 HOW STRUCTURAL SEXISM SHAPES 2076 01:12:32,600 --> 01:12:34,360 HEALTH IN THE U.S.? 2077 01:12:34,360 --> 01:12:35,880 FIRST I'LL TELL YOU WHAT I FOUND 2078 01:12:35,880 --> 01:12:37,880 SO FAR IN MY OWN WORK AND THEN 2079 01:12:37,880 --> 01:12:39,920 I'LL SUMMARIZE WHAT OTHER RECENT 2080 01:12:39,920 --> 01:12:47,760 STUDIES HAVE ALSO FOUND. 2081 01:12:47,760 --> 01:12:49,880 SO IN ANY FIRST STUDY AT THE 2082 01:12:49,880 --> 01:12:52,680 DYAD AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL I 2083 01:12:52,680 --> 01:12:53,960 CONNECTED THOSE INDICATORS WITH 2084 01:12:53,960 --> 01:12:57,080 DATA FROM THE NATIONAL 2085 01:12:57,080 --> 01:12:58,880 LONGITUDAL STUDY 1979 AND I 2086 01:12:58,880 --> 01:12:59,960 LOOKED AT HOW THEY WERE 2087 01:12:59,960 --> 01:13:01,400 ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC 2088 01:13:01,400 --> 01:13:02,080 CONDITIONS,. 2089 01:13:02,080 --> 01:13:02,680 >> Ellie: RATED HEALTH AND 2090 01:13:02,680 --> 01:13:04,600 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING FOR MEN AND 2091 01:13:04,600 --> 01:13:07,400 WOMEN AT MID LIFE AGES 40 AND 50 2092 01:13:07,400 --> 01:13:09,080 AND A CONTROLLED FOR A VARIETY 2093 01:13:09,080 --> 01:13:12,080 OF INDIVIDUALS AND STATE LEVEL 2094 01:13:12,080 --> 01:13:15,480 CO VARIANTS. 2095 01:13:15,480 --> 01:13:19,280 HERE IS WHAT I FOUND. 2096 01:13:19,280 --> 01:13:21,000 SEXUAL WAS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE 2097 01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:23,160 HEALTH AMONG BOTH MEN AND WOMEN 2098 01:13:23,160 --> 01:13:24,840 ACROSS ALL THREE HEALTH 2099 01:13:24,840 --> 01:13:27,520 OUTCOMES, I STUDIED. 2100 01:13:27,520 --> 01:13:28,880 NOW UNDERSTANDING WHY STRUCTURAL 2101 01:13:28,880 --> 01:13:30,040 SEXISM WOULD BE HARMFUL FOR 2102 01:13:30,040 --> 01:13:31,560 WOMEN'S HEALTH IS RELATIVELY 2103 01:13:31,560 --> 01:13:32,480 STRAIGHT FORWARD GIVEN THAT 2104 01:13:32,480 --> 01:13:34,080 THEY'RE THE OPPRESSED GROUP AND 2105 01:13:34,080 --> 01:13:39,200 SO LIVING IN A MORE SEX I WILL 2106 01:13:39,200 --> 01:13:40,760 PROMOTING FACTORS SUCH AS 2107 01:13:40,760 --> 01:13:42,680 MATERIALS RESOURCES AND QUALITY 2108 01:13:42,680 --> 01:13:44,480 HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 2109 01:13:44,480 --> 01:13:45,960 AND IT'S LIKELY TO INCREASE 2110 01:13:45,960 --> 01:13:47,520 WOMEN'S EXPOSURE TO HEALTH 2111 01:13:47,520 --> 01:13:50,240 HARMING FACTORS LIKE VIOLENCE, 2112 01:13:50,240 --> 01:13:54,400 DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT 2113 01:13:54,400 --> 01:13:56,600 AND ET CETERA. 2114 01:13:56,600 --> 01:13:58,800 THE FACT THAT SEXISM HARMS MEN'S 2115 01:13:58,800 --> 01:14:01,320 HEALTH AS WELL AND MIGHT AT 2116 01:14:01,320 --> 01:14:03,560 FIRST SEEM SURPRISING BUT IT'S 2117 01:14:03,560 --> 01:14:05,000 CONSIST NOT IN THREE RELATED 2118 01:14:05,000 --> 01:14:07,240 AREAS OF RESEARCH SO FIRST 2119 01:14:07,240 --> 01:14:09,280 RESEARCH ON OTHER TIMES AND 2120 01:14:09,280 --> 01:14:11,360 INEQUALITY AND BESIDES SEXISM 2121 01:14:11,360 --> 01:14:12,680 IND INDICATES THAT INEQUALITY 2122 01:14:12,680 --> 01:14:14,200 CAN HARM EVERYONE AROUND WITH 2123 01:14:14,200 --> 01:14:16,200 SOCIETY AND IT GIVES US DAMAGES 2124 01:14:16,200 --> 01:14:17,600 SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CREATES 2125 01:14:17,600 --> 01:14:19,920 COMPETITION FOR DOMINANCE AND 2126 01:14:19,920 --> 01:14:20,880 UNDERMINES THE SAFETY 2127 01:14:20,880 --> 01:14:22,000 PRODUCTIVITY AND WELLBEING OF 2128 01:14:22,000 --> 01:14:25,480 THE ENTIRE SOCIETY. 2129 01:14:25,480 --> 01:14:27,600 STUDIES OF MASCULINITY AND MEN'S 2130 01:14:27,600 --> 01:14:29,120 HEALTH SUGGEST THAT PATRIARCHAL 2131 01:14:29,120 --> 01:14:31,480 SOCIAL SYSTEMS CAN FOSTER 2132 01:14:31,480 --> 01:14:33,440 CONSTRUCTIONS OF MASCULINITY 2133 01:14:33,440 --> 01:14:34,960 THAT ARE TOXIC TO MEN'S HEALTH 2134 01:14:34,960 --> 01:14:36,960 BECAUSE OF INCREASED PRESSURE TO 2135 01:14:36,960 --> 01:14:38,520 ENGAGE IN RISK TAKING AND 2136 01:14:38,520 --> 01:14:40,480 UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS. 2137 01:14:40,480 --> 01:14:43,480 AND THEN FINALLY, CROSS NATIONAL 2138 01:14:43,480 --> 01:14:44,520 COMPARATIVE RESEARCH IN THE 2139 01:14:44,520 --> 01:14:45,440 DEVELOPING WORLD HAS SHOWN 2140 01:14:45,440 --> 01:14:48,200 THINGS THAT GENDER EQUITY IS 2141 01:14:48,200 --> 01:14:48,840 INTEGRAL TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2142 01:14:48,840 --> 01:14:51,720 AND IMPROVEMENTS IN POPULATION 2143 01:14:51,720 --> 01:14:52,080 HEALTH. 2144 01:14:52,080 --> 01:14:54,000 STUDIES SHOW WHEN WOMEN HAVE 2145 01:14:54,000 --> 01:14:55,920 POLITICAL POWER THEY OFTEN 2146 01:14:55,920 --> 01:14:57,120 INFLUENCE SOCIAL POLICY IN WAYS 2147 01:14:57,120 --> 01:14:59,120 THAT PROMOTE EDUCATION, 2148 01:14:59,120 --> 01:14:59,840 HEALTHCARE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS AND 2149 01:14:59,840 --> 01:15:01,400 OTHER EXPENDITURE THAT'S IMPROVE 2150 01:15:01,400 --> 01:15:02,640 HEALTH NOT JUST FOR THEMSELVES 2151 01:15:02,640 --> 01:15:05,000 BUT FOR THE ENTIRE POPULATION. 2152 01:15:05,000 --> 01:15:06,920 SO WE HAVE A NUMBER OF REASONS 2153 01:15:06,920 --> 01:15:11,040 TO EXPECT THIS TYPE OF PATTERN. 2154 01:15:11,040 --> 01:15:12,560 BUT, THINGS LIKE QUITE DIFFERENT 2155 01:15:12,560 --> 01:15:14,680 AT THE MARITAL DYAD LEVEL AND 2156 01:15:14,680 --> 01:15:16,080 HERE WE SEE EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT 2157 01:15:16,080 --> 01:15:18,000 OF A GENDER CONFLICT THEORY 2158 01:15:18,000 --> 01:15:20,000 WHERE THERE'S WINNERS AND 2159 01:15:20,000 --> 01:15:20,240 LOSERS. 2160 01:15:20,240 --> 01:15:22,480 THE MORE UNEQUAL A MAN'S 2161 01:15:22,480 --> 01:15:23,760 MARRIAGE IS THE BETTER HIS 2162 01:15:23,760 --> 01:15:25,200 PHYSICAL HEALTH AND THE REVERSE 2163 01:15:25,200 --> 01:15:29,320 IS TRUE FOR WOMEN. 2164 01:15:29,320 --> 01:15:33,240 AND THEN FINALLY, INTERNALIZE 2165 01:15:33,240 --> 01:15:34,640 SEXISM AS REFLECTED IN THE 2166 01:15:34,640 --> 01:15:36,400 GENDER ROLE IDEOLOGY I STUDIED 2167 01:15:36,400 --> 01:15:38,080 HERE HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS 2168 01:15:38,080 --> 01:15:41,920 ON MEN OR WOMEN'S PHYSICAL 2169 01:15:41,920 --> 01:15:43,800 HEALTH AND THE FINDINGS HERE 2170 01:15:43,800 --> 01:15:44,760 MIGHT ALSO INDICATE THAT THE 2171 01:15:44,760 --> 01:15:47,960 SPECIFIC GENDER ROLE BELIEFS I 2172 01:15:47,960 --> 01:15:49,880 EXAMINED, WERE EITHER LESS 2173 01:15:49,880 --> 01:15:51,840 IMPORTANT THAN OTHER ASPECTS OF 2174 01:15:51,840 --> 01:15:54,280 MASCULINITY AND GENDER NORMS FOR 2175 01:15:54,280 --> 01:15:55,600 INFLUENCING HEALTH OR WHERE MORE 2176 01:15:55,600 --> 01:15:57,640 CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH NON 2177 01:15:57,640 --> 01:15:59,440 PHYSICAL HEALTH OUTCOMES NOT 2178 01:15:59,440 --> 01:16:00,880 CONSIDERED SUCH AS MENTAL HEALTH 2179 01:16:00,880 --> 01:16:09,800 AND LIFE SATISFACTION. 2180 01:16:09,800 --> 01:16:11,000 IT DESERVES MORE ATTENTION AND 2181 01:16:11,000 --> 01:16:12,400 FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE WHOLE, 2182 01:16:12,400 --> 01:16:13,760 THEY HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF 2183 01:16:13,760 --> 01:16:15,080 A MULTI LEVEL SYSTEMS APPROACH 2184 01:16:15,080 --> 01:16:19,400 TO STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY. 2185 01:16:19,400 --> 01:16:21,680 THE NEXT QUESTION THAT THIS WORK 2186 01:16:21,680 --> 01:16:24,000 LED ME TO ASK IS WHAT ABOUT 2187 01:16:24,000 --> 01:16:26,120 OTHER MESO LEVEL SETTINGS, 2188 01:16:26,120 --> 01:16:28,080 MARRIAGES ARE UNIQUE? 2189 01:16:28,080 --> 01:16:29,600 HUSBANDS MAY BENEFIT FROM THE 2190 01:16:29,600 --> 01:16:30,800 LABOR OF THEIR WIVES AND WAYS 2191 01:16:30,800 --> 01:16:35,680 THAT DON'T HOLD TRUE FOR LARGER 2192 01:16:35,680 --> 01:16:36,560 AGGREGATE INEQUALITY. 2193 01:16:36,560 --> 01:16:38,880 IT'S UNCLEAR WITH WHETHER THIS 2194 01:16:38,880 --> 01:16:40,160 PATTERN WILL HOLD IN SETTINGS 2195 01:16:40,160 --> 01:16:44,320 THAT ARE NOT CHARACTERIZED BY 2196 01:16:44,320 --> 01:16:45,880 DYADIC WHERE THEY TRANSLATE TO 2197 01:16:45,880 --> 01:16:47,280 LOSSES FOR ANOTHER. 2198 01:16:47,280 --> 01:16:49,880 SO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT WE 2199 01:16:49,880 --> 01:16:51,640 NEED TO EXAM STRUCTURAL SEXISM 2200 01:16:51,640 --> 01:16:53,880 AND HEALTH IN OTHER MESO LEVEL 2201 01:16:53,880 --> 01:16:55,240 CONTEXT SUCH AS NEIGHBORHOODS, 2202 01:16:55,240 --> 01:16:57,960 WORKPLACES AND ORGANIZATIONS. 2203 01:16:57,960 --> 01:17:00,160 SO, IN A FOLLOW-UP STUDY LAST 2204 01:17:00,160 --> 01:17:07,040 YEAR WITH AMY BERDET WE LOOKED 2205 01:17:07,040 --> 01:17:09,040 AT STRUCTURAL SEXISM BECAUSE 2206 01:17:09,040 --> 01:17:10,040 DECADES OF RESEARCH SUGGESTS 2207 01:17:10,040 --> 01:17:11,720 THAT RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ARE 2208 01:17:11,720 --> 01:17:13,640 BENEFICIAL FOR HEALTH AND 2209 01:17:13,640 --> 01:17:14,920 WELLBEING AND AT THE SAME TIME, 2210 01:17:14,920 --> 01:17:17,080 MANY RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS ARE 2211 01:17:17,080 --> 01:17:18,880 ALSO KNOWN TO HAVE RIDGED GENDER 2212 01:17:18,880 --> 01:17:20,640 BASED STATUS HIERARCHIES WHICH 2213 01:17:20,640 --> 01:17:22,880 CONSTITUTE A FORM OF STRUCTURAL 2214 01:17:22,880 --> 01:17:24,400 SEXISM WHICH WE EXPECT TO BE 2215 01:17:24,400 --> 01:17:25,600 HARMFUL FOR HEALTH AT LEAST 2216 01:17:25,600 --> 01:17:27,600 AMONG WOMEN SO IT'S UNCLEAR HOW 2217 01:17:27,600 --> 01:17:29,040 THESE CONTRADICTORY PATTERNS 2218 01:17:29,040 --> 01:17:32,280 RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER. 2219 01:17:32,280 --> 01:17:35,840 SO WE IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS TO 2220 01:17:35,840 --> 01:17:37,040 CAPTURE THE DEGREE TO WHICH 2221 01:17:37,040 --> 01:17:38,960 WOMEN WERE EXCLUDED FROM 2222 01:17:38,960 --> 01:17:40,240 MEANINGFUL LEADERSHIP ROLES SUCH 2223 01:17:40,240 --> 01:17:42,080 AS, BEING A MEMBER OF THE 2224 01:17:42,080 --> 01:17:43,880 GOVERNING BODY OR SERVING AS THE 2225 01:17:43,880 --> 01:17:46,120 PRIMARY RELIGIOUS LEADER OR HEAD 2226 01:17:46,120 --> 01:17:48,960 CLERGY PERSON OF THE 2227 01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:49,280 CONGREGATION. 2228 01:17:49,280 --> 01:17:50,680 AND WHAT WE FOUND WAS THAT WOMEN 2229 01:17:50,680 --> 01:17:53,760 WHO ATTENDED SEXISM RELIGIOUS 2230 01:17:53,760 --> 01:17:55,160 INSTITUTIONS, HAD WORSE 2231 01:17:55,160 --> 01:17:56,800 SELF-RATED HEALTH THAN THOSE WHO 2232 01:17:56,800 --> 01:17:59,280 ATTENDED MORE INCLUSIVE 2233 01:17:59,280 --> 01:18:00,360 CONGREGATIONS. 2234 01:18:00,360 --> 01:18:02,160 ADDITIONALLY, ONLY WOMEN WHO 2235 01:18:02,160 --> 01:18:04,160 ATTENDED INCLUSIVE RELIGIOUS 2236 01:18:04,160 --> 01:18:06,240 INSTITUTIONS HIGHLIGHTED BY THE 2237 01:18:06,240 --> 01:18:08,240 RED BARS, EXHIBITED A HEALTH 2238 01:18:08,240 --> 01:18:11,000 ADVANTAGE RELATIVE TO NON 2239 01:18:11,000 --> 01:18:11,480 PARTICIPANTS. 2240 01:18:11,480 --> 01:18:13,680 WOMEN WHO ATTEND THE SEXIST 2241 01:18:13,680 --> 01:18:15,400 CONGREGATIONS DID NOT DIFFER 2242 01:18:15,400 --> 01:18:16,800 FROM NON ATTENDERS. 2243 01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:18,560 SO ALL OF THIS IND INDICATES 2244 01:18:18,560 --> 01:18:19,960 THAT THE LONG RECOGNIZED 2245 01:18:19,960 --> 01:18:21,640 BENEFITS OF RELIGIOUS 2246 01:18:21,640 --> 01:18:22,840 PARTICIPATION, DO NOT EXTEND TO 2247 01:18:22,840 --> 01:18:25,520 GROUPS THAT ARE SYSTEMATICALLY 2248 01:18:25,520 --> 01:18:26,720 EXCLUDED FROM POWER AND STATUS 2249 01:18:26,720 --> 01:18:30,360 WITHIN THEIR RELIGIOUS 2250 01:18:30,360 --> 01:18:34,760 INSTITUTIONS. 2251 01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:37,040 SO TO SUMMARIZE TO DATE IN 2252 01:18:37,040 --> 01:18:39,400 PUBLISHED WORK, IT STATE LEVEL 2253 01:18:39,400 --> 01:18:41,000 INSTITUTIONS IN MARRIAGES AND IN 2254 01:18:41,000 --> 01:18:43,480 RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS, WAS 2255 01:18:43,480 --> 01:18:47,960 ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE HEALTH FOR 2256 01:18:47,960 --> 01:18:48,160 WOMEN. 2257 01:18:48,160 --> 01:18:50,640 AMONG MEN, IT WAS FARMFUL AND 2258 01:18:50,640 --> 01:18:54,400 INTRA MARITAL SEXISM WAS 2259 01:18:54,400 --> 01:18:59,600 BENEFICIAL ANBENEFICIAL AND THE THREE HEAL TH 2260 01:18:59,600 --> 01:19:02,560 OUTCOMES ARE CHRONIC CONDITIONS, 2261 01:19:02,560 --> 01:19:07,680 SELF-RATED HELP AND PHYSICAL 2262 01:19:07,680 --> 01:19:08,600 FUNCTIONS, THERE HAVE BEEN 2263 01:19:08,600 --> 01:19:13,000 STUDIES LOOKING AT STRUCTURAL 2264 01:19:13,000 --> 01:19:15,360 SEXISM AND ALL OF THEM HAVE 2265 01:19:15,360 --> 01:19:17,720 FOCUS ON THE U.S. STATE LEVEL 2266 01:19:17,720 --> 01:19:18,680 STRUCTURAL SEXISM. 2267 01:19:18,680 --> 01:19:20,720 AND THIS MAKES A LOT OF SENSE 2268 01:19:20,720 --> 01:19:22,080 BECAUSE IT FITS TOGETHER NICELY 2269 01:19:22,080 --> 01:19:25,720 WITH THE WORK OF JENNIFER MONTEZ 2270 01:19:25,720 --> 01:19:27,000 AND COLLEAGUES WHO HAVE SHOWN 2271 01:19:27,000 --> 01:19:29,640 THAT U.S. STATES ARE IMPORTANT 2272 01:19:29,640 --> 01:19:31,280 INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS SHAPING THE 2273 01:19:31,280 --> 01:19:33,080 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 2274 01:19:33,080 --> 01:19:33,280 HEALTH. 2275 01:19:33,280 --> 01:19:36,080 SO THESE STUDIES ON STATE LEVEL 2276 01:19:36,080 --> 01:19:38,480 STRUCTURAL SEXISM, HAVE FOUND 2277 01:19:38,480 --> 01:19:41,560 THAT AMONG WOMEN, SEXISM IS 2278 01:19:41,560 --> 01:19:44,520 ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RATES OF 2279 01:19:44,520 --> 01:19:46,760 DEPRESSION, EATING DISORDERS, 2280 01:19:46,760 --> 01:19:47,840 UNNECESSARY C SECTION AND 2281 01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:49,680 BARRIERS TO HEALTHCARE AND FOUND 2282 01:19:49,680 --> 01:19:50,760 SEXISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH 2283 01:19:50,760 --> 01:19:53,240 HIGHER INFANT MORTALITY AND 2284 01:19:53,240 --> 01:19:54,680 MEN'S MORTALITY BUT THAT'S 2285 01:19:54,680 --> 01:19:57,400 REALLY ABOUT ALL WE KNOW SO FAR. 2286 01:19:57,400 --> 01:19:58,920 THERE MAY BE A COUPLE THAT I'VE 2287 01:19:58,920 --> 01:20:00,560 MISSED BUT THERE ARE 2288 01:20:00,560 --> 01:20:03,400 SURPRISINGLY FEW STUDIES AND 2289 01:20:03,400 --> 01:20:04,600 WE'VE ONLY EXAMINED A HANDFUL OF 2290 01:20:04,600 --> 01:20:06,160 DIFFERENT HEALTH OUTCOMES SO 2291 01:20:06,160 --> 01:20:06,480 FAR. 2292 01:20:06,480 --> 01:20:07,920 SO THERE'S STILL SO MUCH WE 2293 01:20:07,920 --> 01:20:08,720 DON'T KNOW. 2294 01:20:08,720 --> 01:20:11,160 WHICH BRINGS ME TO MY THIRD 2295 01:20:11,160 --> 01:20:12,680 QUESTION, HOW CAN FUTURE STUDIES 2296 01:20:12,680 --> 01:20:14,640 MOST EFFECTIVELY BUILD ON THIS 2297 01:20:14,640 --> 01:20:18,200 EMERGING LINE OF RESEARCH. 2298 01:20:18,200 --> 01:20:20,160 THERE ARE FIVE AREAS THAT I 2299 01:20:20,160 --> 01:20:24,000 THINK ARE PRIORITIES FOR FUTURE 2300 01:20:24,000 --> 01:20:24,240 RESEARCH. 2301 01:20:24,240 --> 01:20:27,080 THEY ARE MEASURES, OUTCOMES, 2302 01:20:27,080 --> 01:20:29,280 MECHANISMS, LIFE COURSE AND 2303 01:20:29,280 --> 01:20:29,680 INTERSECTIONALITY. 2304 01:20:29,680 --> 01:20:31,800 NOW THESE THINGS SEEM BROAD BUT 2305 01:20:31,800 --> 01:20:33,560 I'LL TALK YOU THROUGH WHAT I 2306 01:20:33,560 --> 01:20:34,040 MEAN. 2307 01:20:34,040 --> 01:20:37,000 SO FOR MEASURES, WE NEED TO 2308 01:20:37,000 --> 01:20:38,880 EXPAND AND REFINE OUR 2309 01:20:38,880 --> 01:20:40,760 MEASUREMENTS OF STRUCTURAL 2310 01:20:40,760 --> 01:20:41,000 SEXISM. 2311 01:20:41,000 --> 01:20:42,480 MY WORK MEASURING STRUCTURAL 2312 01:20:42,480 --> 01:20:44,760 SEXISM IN U.S. STATE LEVEL 2313 01:20:44,760 --> 01:20:46,160 ENVIRONMENTS BEGAN WITH SIX 2314 01:20:46,160 --> 01:20:48,280 MEASURES ACROSS FOUR DOMAINS BUT 2315 01:20:48,280 --> 01:20:50,480 THERE'S SO MUCH MORE ROOM FOR 2316 01:20:50,480 --> 01:20:52,480 CREATIVITY AND OUT OF THE BOX 2317 01:20:52,480 --> 01:20:55,080 THINKING ABOUT HOW WE CAN 2318 01:20:55,080 --> 01:20:57,000 CAPTURE SYSTEMIC GENDER 2319 01:20:57,000 --> 01:20:58,080 INEQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN 2320 01:20:58,080 --> 01:20:59,640 IN POWER AND RESOURCES. 2321 01:20:59,640 --> 01:21:02,080 WE CAN ADD NEW MEASURES AND NEW 2322 01:21:02,080 --> 01:21:03,960 DOMAINS AND WE CAN ADD THINGS 2323 01:21:03,960 --> 01:21:05,560 LIKE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 2324 01:21:05,560 --> 01:21:07,440 WHICH IS NOT IN THERE YET AND 2325 01:21:07,440 --> 01:21:08,600 LABOR MARKET RETURNS TO 2326 01:21:08,600 --> 01:21:10,240 EDUCATION AND WORKPLACE 2327 01:21:10,240 --> 01:21:12,840 AUTHORITY AND POLICIES LIKE PAID 2328 01:21:12,840 --> 01:21:15,080 FAMILY LEAVE, DIVORCE AND TAX 2329 01:21:15,080 --> 01:21:17,080 LAW, PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL 2330 01:21:17,080 --> 01:21:18,800 VIOLENCE, NEW STATE LAWS AND 2331 01:21:18,800 --> 01:21:19,880 PRACTICES AND AIMED AT 2332 01:21:19,880 --> 01:21:21,680 RESTRICTING THE BODILY AUTONOMY 2333 01:21:21,680 --> 01:21:23,080 OF PEOPLE WHO CAN BE PREGNANT 2334 01:21:23,080 --> 01:21:25,200 AND WE'RE SEEING MORE AND MORE. 2335 01:21:25,200 --> 01:21:27,800 AND SO MANY MORE THINGS THAT WE 2336 01:21:27,800 --> 01:21:29,200 CAN ADD. 2337 01:21:29,200 --> 01:21:31,080 MOST OF THE EXISTING RESEARCH, 2338 01:21:31,080 --> 01:21:33,720 AS I MENTIONED, AS FOCUSED ON 2339 01:21:33,720 --> 01:21:34,880 U.S. STATES BUT WE CAN DEVELOP 2340 01:21:34,880 --> 01:21:36,680 NEW MEASURES OF SEXISM AT 2341 01:21:36,680 --> 01:21:38,320 DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE GENDER 2342 01:21:38,320 --> 01:21:40,560 SYSTEM AND IN DIFFERENT CONTEXT 2343 01:21:40,560 --> 01:21:45,440 AND IN DIFFERENT SORT OF 2344 01:21:45,440 --> 01:21:45,840 GEOGRAPHIC SCALES. 2345 01:21:45,840 --> 01:21:47,560 WE HAVE MEASURES AT THE COUNTY 2346 01:21:47,560 --> 01:21:50,000 LEVEL WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS AND 2347 01:21:50,000 --> 01:21:51,280 WORKPLACES AND THOSE ARE A 2348 01:21:51,280 --> 01:21:53,560 COUPLE OF OTHER MESO LEVEL 2349 01:21:53,560 --> 01:21:54,760 SETTINGS WE MIGHT CONSIDER. 2350 01:21:54,760 --> 01:21:58,120 I ALSO THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO 2351 01:21:58,120 --> 01:21:59,680 EMPHASIZE THAT THERE'S NO ONE 2352 01:21:59,680 --> 01:22:01,680 RIGHT WAY TO MEASURE STRUCTURAL 2353 01:22:01,680 --> 01:22:03,080 SEXISM AND NO GOLD STANDARD IF 2354 01:22:03,080 --> 01:22:04,800 YOU WILL SO I THINK IT'S 2355 01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:07,120 IMPORTANT TO AVOID UNNECESSARY 2356 01:22:07,120 --> 01:22:09,600 GATE KEEPING AS PEOPLE DEVELOP 2357 01:22:09,600 --> 01:22:10,280 NEW MEASURES. 2358 01:22:10,280 --> 01:22:12,080 AS THE SCIENCE PROGRESSES, WE 2359 01:22:12,080 --> 01:22:13,640 WILL OF COURSE, TEST THE 2360 01:22:13,640 --> 01:22:14,920 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF 2361 01:22:14,920 --> 01:22:16,680 THESE NEW MEASURES AND WE'LL 2362 01:22:16,680 --> 01:22:19,160 ASSESS STABILITY AND CHANGE OVER 2363 01:22:19,160 --> 01:22:20,120 TIME AND WE'LL DETERMINE WHICH 2364 01:22:20,120 --> 01:22:21,760 ARE CLOSELY LINKED TO HEALTH AND 2365 01:22:21,760 --> 01:22:23,840 WE'LL BUILD SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS 2366 01:22:23,840 --> 01:22:24,680 AROUND THESE ISSUES. 2367 01:22:24,680 --> 01:22:27,160 BUT IT'S REALLY VALUABLE TO CAST 2368 01:22:27,160 --> 01:22:28,720 A WIDE NET ESPECIALLY AT THIS 2369 01:22:28,720 --> 01:22:31,320 EARLY STAGE OF RESEARCH. 2370 01:22:31,320 --> 01:22:33,320 WE ALSO NEED TO LOWER BARRIERS 2371 01:22:33,320 --> 01:22:35,480 TO CONDUCTING THIS TYPE OF 2372 01:22:35,480 --> 01:22:37,800 RESEARCH BY BUILDING A PUBLICLY 2373 01:22:37,800 --> 01:22:38,640 AVAILABLE DATA INFRASTRUCTURE 2374 01:22:38,640 --> 01:22:40,720 WITH MEASURES OF STRUCTURAL 2375 01:22:40,720 --> 01:22:40,960 SEXISM. 2376 01:22:40,960 --> 01:22:43,080 AS OF RIGHT NOW, THERE'S NO 2377 01:22:43,080 --> 01:22:44,720 EXISTING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA 2378 01:22:44,720 --> 01:22:46,680 SOURCE THAT PROVIDES RESEARCHERS 2379 01:22:46,680 --> 01:22:48,960 WITH VALID AND RELIABILITY 2380 01:22:48,960 --> 01:22:50,040 LONGITUDINAL MEASURES OF 2381 01:22:50,040 --> 01:22:51,320 STRUCTURAL SEXISM THAT CAN BE 2382 01:22:51,320 --> 01:22:52,960 LINKED TO A BROAD RANGE OF 2383 01:22:52,960 --> 01:22:54,600 INDIVIDUALS AND STATE LEVEL DATA 2384 01:22:54,600 --> 01:22:58,600 SO MAKING A COMPREHENSIVE DATA 2385 01:22:58,600 --> 01:23:00,360 RESEARCH FOR STRUCTURAL SEXISM 2386 01:23:00,360 --> 01:23:01,400 AVAILABLE TO THE SCIENTIFIC 2387 01:23:01,400 --> 01:23:03,480 COMMUNITY WILL ALLOW FOR MORE 2388 01:23:03,480 --> 01:23:06,360 INNOVATIONS AND WILL ACCELERATE 2389 01:23:06,360 --> 01:23:07,960 THE PACE OF RESEARCH ON THE 2390 01:23:07,960 --> 01:23:09,120 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURAL 2391 01:23:09,120 --> 01:23:10,440 SEXISM AND HEALTH SO I THINK 2392 01:23:10,440 --> 01:23:13,920 THAT FUNDING DATA COLLECTION, 2393 01:23:13,920 --> 01:23:17,120 DATA DISSEMINATION AND DATA 2394 01:23:17,120 --> 01:23:18,480 LINKAGES BETWEEN SEXISM MEASURES 2395 01:23:18,480 --> 01:23:20,320 AND EXISTING HEALTH DATASETS ARE 2396 01:23:20,320 --> 01:23:22,480 ALL STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS THAT 2397 01:23:22,480 --> 01:23:27,040 THE NIH SHOULD STRONGLY 2398 01:23:27,040 --> 01:23:28,080 CONSIDER. 2399 01:23:28,080 --> 01:23:30,160 NEXT OUTCOMES, WE NEED TO EXAM A 2400 01:23:30,160 --> 01:23:33,120 BROADER RANGE OF OUTCOMES TO 2401 01:23:33,120 --> 01:23:35,440 REALLY BEGIN TO BUILD A LARGER 2402 01:23:35,440 --> 01:23:37,080 EVIDENCE BASE ABOUT THE 2403 01:23:37,080 --> 01:23:38,520 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL 2404 01:23:38,520 --> 01:23:40,240 SEXISM AND HEALTH AND EQUALITY 2405 01:23:40,240 --> 01:23:42,440 IN THE U.S. AND SO THINGS IN 2406 01:23:42,440 --> 01:23:43,720 PARTICULAR THAT I THINK ARE OF 2407 01:23:43,720 --> 01:23:45,720 INTEREST ARE MATERNAL INFANT 2408 01:23:45,720 --> 01:23:48,080 HEALTH, BIOMARKERS, LIFE 2409 01:23:48,080 --> 01:23:50,240 EXPECTANCY, HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND 2410 01:23:50,240 --> 01:23:52,080 LEADER LIFE HEALTH. 2411 01:23:52,080 --> 01:23:53,360 NONE OF THESE THINGS HAVE BEEN 2412 01:23:53,360 --> 01:23:57,440 CONSIDERED IN RESEARCH SO FAR. 2413 01:23:57,440 --> 01:23:59,680 NEXT, WE NEED QUALITATIVE AND 2414 01:23:59,680 --> 01:24:00,920 QUANTITIVE RESEARCH THAT 2415 01:24:00,920 --> 01:24:02,360 EXPLORES THE MECHANISMS, 2416 01:24:02,360 --> 01:24:04,840 CONNECTING STRUCTURAL SEXISM TO 2417 01:24:04,840 --> 01:24:05,280 HEALTH. 2418 01:24:05,280 --> 01:24:07,680 SO, NANCY KRIEGER'S ECO SOCIAL 2419 01:24:07,680 --> 01:24:09,080 THEORY IN MY OPINION IS THE MOST 2420 01:24:09,080 --> 01:24:11,320 USEFUL FRAMEWORK FOR THINKING 2421 01:24:11,320 --> 01:24:14,040 THROUGH HOW EXPLOIT TIVE AND 2422 01:24:14,040 --> 01:24:15,920 OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS LICK 2423 01:24:15,920 --> 01:24:17,680 STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND RACISM CAN 2424 01:24:17,680 --> 01:24:18,880 ULTIMATELY GET UNDER THE SKIN TO 2425 01:24:18,880 --> 01:24:20,280 SHAPE THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH 2426 01:24:20,280 --> 01:24:24,680 AND ILLNESS AND SO WITH A ECO 2427 01:24:24,680 --> 01:24:26,800 SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE I'VE LISTED 2428 01:24:26,800 --> 01:24:28,680 HERE SEVERAL POTENTIAL PATHWAYS 2429 01:24:28,680 --> 01:24:38,800 OF EMBODIMENT THAT SO FAR WE 2430 01:24:38,800 --> 01:24:40,960 ONLY HAVE A THIS IS A DIRECTION 2431 01:24:40,960 --> 01:24:46,720 FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AS WELL. 2432 01:24:46,720 --> 01:24:48,640 NEXT LIFE COURSE APPLYING A LIFE 2433 01:24:48,640 --> 01:24:50,640 COURSE LENS REPRESENTS AN 2434 01:24:50,640 --> 01:24:52,040 IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY FOR FUTURE 2435 01:24:52,040 --> 01:24:53,880 RESEARCH, FOR EXAMPLE, EITHER 2436 01:24:53,880 --> 01:24:55,240 CERTAIN LIFE STAGES THAT ARE 2437 01:24:55,240 --> 01:24:57,080 SENSITIVE PERIODS FOR EXPOS YOUR 2438 01:24:57,080 --> 01:25:00,600 TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM LIKE 2439 01:25:00,600 --> 01:25:02,600 CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE AND LAG 2440 01:25:02,600 --> 01:25:04,400 EFFECTS HOW DOES DURATION AND 2441 01:25:04,400 --> 01:25:07,280 ACCUMULATION OF EXPOSURE MATTERS 2442 01:25:07,280 --> 01:25:09,320 ARE THERE INTER GENERATIONAL 2443 01:25:09,320 --> 01:25:10,480 EFFECT TO OBSERVE TO ANSWER 2444 01:25:10,480 --> 01:25:12,280 THESE QUESTIONS WE NEED 2445 01:25:12,280 --> 01:25:13,200 LONGITUDINAL DATA AND LIFE 2446 01:25:13,200 --> 01:25:15,080 COURSE PERSPECTIVES AND SO FAR 2447 01:25:15,080 --> 01:25:16,640 THERE'S ONLY ONE STUDY THAT I'VE 2448 01:25:16,640 --> 01:25:18,680 SEEN ON STRUCTURAL SEXISM TO 2449 01:25:18,680 --> 01:25:20,880 REALLY ACCOMPLISH THIS AND 2450 01:25:20,880 --> 01:25:24,880 THAT'S THE STUDY ON STRUCTURAL 2451 01:25:24,880 --> 01:25:26,480 SEXISM AND EATING DISORDERS AND 2452 01:25:26,480 --> 01:25:28,320 THIS IS AN AREA WHERE MUCH MORE 2453 01:25:28,320 --> 01:25:29,760 RESEARCH IS NEEDED. 2454 01:25:29,760 --> 01:25:32,480 AND THEN FINALLY, 2455 01:25:32,480 --> 01:25:33,640 INTERSECTIONALITY. 2456 01:25:33,640 --> 01:25:34,240 INTERSECTIONALITY THEORY HOLDS 2457 01:25:34,240 --> 01:25:36,000 THAT STRUCTURAL SEXISM DOES NOT 2458 01:25:36,000 --> 01:25:37,800 WORK IN ISOLATION BUT INSTEAD IS 2459 01:25:37,800 --> 01:25:40,880 PART OF A COMPLEX WEB OF 2460 01:25:40,880 --> 01:25:41,880 OVERLAPPING SYSTEMS OF 2461 01:25:41,880 --> 01:25:44,080 STRUCTURAL OPPRESSION THAT SHAPE 2462 01:25:44,080 --> 01:25:44,840 INDIVIDUALS' LIVES. 2463 01:25:44,840 --> 01:25:47,800 SO, IN RECENT WORK CO-AUTHORED 2464 01:25:47,800 --> 01:25:49,440 WITH TYSON WRONG AND BRITTANY 2465 01:25:49,440 --> 01:25:52,320 KING WE DEVELOPED A STRUCTURAL 2466 01:25:52,320 --> 01:25:53,280 INTERSECTIONALITY APPROACH. 2467 01:25:53,280 --> 01:25:54,840 WE EXPLORED HOW STRUCTURAL 2468 01:25:54,840 --> 01:25:57,520 RACISM, STRUCTURAL SEXISM, AND 2469 01:25:57,520 --> 01:25:58,960 INCOME INEQUALITY ARE RELATED TO 2470 01:25:58,960 --> 01:26:01,080 ONE ANOTHER ACROSS U.S. STATES 2471 01:26:01,080 --> 01:26:02,880 AND WE ASKED HOW THEY COMBINED 2472 01:26:02,880 --> 01:26:04,960 TO SHAPE THE HEALTH OF VARIOUS 2473 01:26:04,960 --> 01:26:07,240 POPULATIONS GROUPS DEFINED BY 2474 01:26:07,240 --> 01:26:08,200 CONSTELLATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL 2475 01:26:08,200 --> 01:26:10,520 LEVELS STATUSES. 2476 01:26:10,520 --> 01:26:12,280 WE FOUND THAT STRUCTURAL 2477 01:26:12,280 --> 01:26:14,040 INEQUALITY IS VERY CONSIDERABLY 2478 01:26:14,040 --> 01:26:16,640 ACROSS U.S. STATES AND IN A 2479 01:26:16,640 --> 01:26:18,000 VARIETY OF WAYS BUT DON'T 2480 01:26:18,000 --> 01:26:20,080 STRONGLY OR POSITIVELY CO VARY 2481 01:26:20,080 --> 01:26:23,560 AND DIFFERENTIATELY SHAPE HEALTH 2482 01:26:23,560 --> 01:26:25,560 SUCH THAT BLACK WOMEN ARE THE 2483 01:26:25,560 --> 01:26:29,120 MOST CONSISTENTLY AFFECTED. 2484 01:26:29,120 --> 01:26:31,040 EXPOSURE TO ALL THREE TIMES OF 2485 01:26:31,040 --> 01:26:33,000 STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY ALONE AND 2486 01:26:33,000 --> 01:26:34,800 IN MOST COMBINATIONS WITH WORSE 2487 01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:36,480 HEALTH AMONG BLACK WOMEN. 2488 01:26:36,480 --> 01:26:38,080 SO THAT STUDY REPRESENTED AN 2489 01:26:38,080 --> 01:26:40,960 EARLY ATTEMPT TO INTEGRATE AND 2490 01:26:40,960 --> 01:26:42,360 INTERSECTIONALITY INTO 2491 01:26:42,360 --> 01:26:44,080 STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND RACISM 2492 01:26:44,080 --> 01:26:45,560 APPROACH AND I THINK THAT'S AN 2493 01:26:45,560 --> 01:26:47,240 IMPORTANT DIRECTION FOR HEALTH 2494 01:26:47,240 --> 01:26:50,040 DISPARITIES RESEARCH MOVING 2495 01:26:50,040 --> 01:26:50,480 FORWARD. 2496 01:26:50,480 --> 01:26:52,080 AND THERE ARE MANY OTHER SYSTEMS 2497 01:26:52,080 --> 01:26:55,920 OF OPPRESSION TO CONSIDER 2498 01:26:55,920 --> 01:26:57,240 INCLUDING HETERO SEXISM, 2499 01:26:57,240 --> 01:27:00,160 ABLEISM, NATIVISM, AGEISM, ET 2500 01:27:00,160 --> 01:27:00,440 CETERA. 2501 01:27:00,440 --> 01:27:02,760 IT'S ALSO INCORPORATING 2502 01:27:02,760 --> 01:27:03,680 INTERSECTIONALITY AND INVOLVES 2503 01:27:03,680 --> 01:27:05,160 THINKING NOT JUST ABOUT HOW 2504 01:27:05,160 --> 01:27:08,320 DIFFERENT FORMS OF OPPRESSION 2505 01:27:08,320 --> 01:27:09,880 INTERSECT IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS 2506 01:27:09,880 --> 01:27:11,880 BUT HOW WE MIGHT DEVELOP 2507 01:27:11,880 --> 01:27:13,880 MEASURES OF STRUCTURAL 2508 01:27:13,880 --> 01:27:14,800 INEQUALITIES THAT ARE 2509 01:27:14,800 --> 01:27:15,920 INTERSECTION SECTIONAL SO FOR 2510 01:27:15,920 --> 01:27:17,200 EXAMPLE, COLLEAGUES WHO ARE HERE 2511 01:27:17,200 --> 01:27:19,480 TODAY, BETHANY EVERETT AND 2512 01:27:19,480 --> 01:27:21,400 MORGAN REDEVELOPED AN 2513 01:27:21,400 --> 01:27:23,600 INTERSECTIONAL MEASURE OF HETERO 2514 01:27:23,600 --> 01:27:25,600 PATRIARCHY WHICH IS A 2515 01:27:25,600 --> 01:27:27,640 COMBINATION OF SEXISM AND HETERO 2516 01:27:27,640 --> 01:27:30,400 SEX I AM IN U.S. STATES AND IT'S 2517 01:27:30,400 --> 01:27:32,320 THE SUBJECT OF OUR NEXT TALK BUT 2518 01:27:32,320 --> 01:27:34,200 IT'S IMPORTANT TO ADVANCING THIS 2519 01:27:34,200 --> 01:27:35,520 LINE OF WORK. 2520 01:27:35,520 --> 01:27:37,880 SO IN CONCLUSION AN EMERGING 2521 01:27:37,880 --> 01:27:40,000 BODY OF EVIDENCE LINK STRUCTURAL 2522 01:27:40,000 --> 01:27:41,680 EX CIVIL TO NEGATIVE HEALTH 2523 01:27:41,680 --> 01:27:44,240 CONSEQUENCES IN THE U.S. FOR 2524 01:27:44,240 --> 01:27:44,480 WOMEN. 2525 01:27:44,480 --> 01:27:46,480 THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING. 2526 01:27:46,480 --> 01:27:48,040 RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL SEXISM IN 2527 01:27:48,040 --> 01:27:50,360 HEALTH AND HEALTH IS IN ITS AN 2528 01:27:50,360 --> 01:27:51,960 FANCY STILL AND THERE'S SO MUCH 2529 01:27:51,960 --> 01:27:53,720 MORE EXCITING WORK TO BE DONE IN 2530 01:27:53,720 --> 01:27:55,080 THAT AREA AND I'M THRILLED TO BE 2531 01:27:55,080 --> 01:27:56,400 PART OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY 2532 01:27:56,400 --> 01:27:57,920 THAT'S UNDERTAKING THIS 2533 01:27:57,920 --> 01:27:58,480 IMPORTANT WORK. 2534 01:27:58,480 --> 01:27:59,920 THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING AND 2535 01:27:59,920 --> 01:28:01,760 THANK YOU TO MY WONDERFUL 2536 01:28:01,760 --> 01:28:05,240 CO-AUTHORS AND FUNDERS. 2537 01:28:05,240 --> 01:28:06,880 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 2538 01:28:06,880 --> 01:28:08,680 TALK AND FOR YOUR REALLY GROUND 2539 01:28:08,680 --> 01:28:11,640 BREAKING WORK ON MEASURING 2540 01:28:11,640 --> 01:28:12,720 STRUCTURAL SEXISM. 2541 01:28:12,720 --> 01:28:14,720 I'M GOING TO MOVE ALONG TO OUR 2542 01:28:14,720 --> 01:28:16,520 THIRD PLENARY. 2543 01:28:16,520 --> 01:28:21,600 TODAY OUR THIRD SPEAKER IS Dr. 2544 01:28:21,600 --> 01:28:24,680 TYPHANYE DYER, FROM THE 2545 01:28:24,680 --> 01:28:26,680 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIO STATISTICS 2546 01:28:26,680 --> 01:28:27,760 DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF 2547 01:28:27,760 --> 01:28:28,640 MARYLAND SCHOOL OF 2548 01:28:28,640 --> 01:28:29,160 PUBLIC-HEALTH. 2549 01:28:29,160 --> 01:28:31,080 Dr. DYER IS AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST 2550 01:28:31,080 --> 01:28:33,920 IN HEALTH DISPARITIES SCHOLAR 2551 01:28:33,920 --> 01:28:37,960 WHOSE RESEARCH EXAMS SOCIAL, 2552 01:28:37,960 --> 01:28:40,280 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ON 2553 01:28:40,280 --> 01:28:43,680 HIV AND STI RISKS IN BLACK 2554 01:28:43,680 --> 01:28:44,120 POPULATIONS. 2555 01:28:44,120 --> 01:28:46,080 YOU MAY VIEW HER FULL BIOGRAPHY 2556 01:28:46,080 --> 01:28:50,520 ON THE WORKSHOP EVENT PAGE AND 2557 01:28:50,520 --> 01:28:53,400 NOW PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING 2558 01:28:53,400 --> 01:28:55,960 Dr. TYPHANYE DYER. 2559 01:28:55,960 --> 01:28:59,960 >> WONDERFUL, THANK YOU SO MUCH 2560 01:28:59,960 --> 01:29:03,160 FOR THAT WONDERFUL INTRODUCTION. 2561 01:29:03,160 --> 01:29:07,480 I DON'T HAVE CONTROL OVER MY 2562 01:29:07,480 --> 01:29:35,080 SLIDES, CORRECT? 2563 01:29:35,080 --> 01:29:36,520 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 2564 01:29:36,520 --> 01:29:37,080 >> GREAT. 2565 01:29:37,080 --> 01:29:39,280 >> THAT LOOKS GREAT. 2566 01:29:39,280 --> 01:30:06,440 >> WE SEE YOUR NOTES. 2567 01:30:06,440 --> 01:30:09,280 >> HEALING AND WELLNESS, I AM 2568 01:30:09,280 --> 01:30:14,800 Dr. DYER I USE SHE/HER/QUEEN. 2569 01:30:14,800 --> 01:30:16,080 THIS IS MY CROWN IF YOU ARE 2570 01:30:16,080 --> 01:30:17,240 EXPRESSED LOOK AT FLOWER AND 2571 01:30:17,240 --> 01:30:18,640 EVERYTHING WILL BE FINE. 2572 01:30:18,640 --> 01:30:21,120 I AM GOING TO BEGIN WITH SOME 2573 01:30:21,120 --> 01:30:25,240 BASIC DATA AROUND THE WORK THAT 2574 01:30:25,240 --> 01:30:31,760 I DO SPECIFICALLY HIV AND AMONG 2575 01:30:31,760 --> 01:30:32,240 BLACK WOMEN. 2576 01:30:32,240 --> 01:30:33,680 SOME OF THE THINGS TODAY, 2577 01:30:33,680 --> 01:30:34,600 OBVIOUSLY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 2578 01:30:34,600 --> 01:30:36,640 TODAY IS CRITICAL BUT, ONE OF 2579 01:30:36,640 --> 01:30:38,200 THE REASONS I SAY THAT RIGHT NOW 2580 01:30:38,200 --> 01:30:40,680 IS BECAUSE I KNOW THAT WE ALL 2581 01:30:40,680 --> 01:30:43,120 KNOW THAT HIV AND THE BLACK 2582 01:30:43,120 --> 01:30:45,240 COMMUNITY SPECIFICALLY WITH 2583 01:30:45,240 --> 01:30:46,800 BLACK WOMEN IS CRITICAL, WE'RE 2584 01:30:46,800 --> 01:30:47,920 IN CRISIS. 2585 01:30:47,920 --> 01:30:49,240 AND YOU WOULD THINK THAT WE 2586 01:30:49,240 --> 01:30:50,840 WOULD TALK ABOUT IT MORE AND FOR 2587 01:30:50,840 --> 01:30:51,920 SOME REASON WE DON'T. 2588 01:30:51,920 --> 01:30:54,600 SO I'M GOING TO START WITH JUST 2589 01:30:54,600 --> 01:30:56,080 SOME BASIC TALKING POINTS THAT 2590 01:30:56,080 --> 01:30:58,000 IS GOING TO LEAD ME INTO THE 2591 01:30:58,000 --> 01:31:02,480 HISS TORQUAHISTORICAL CONTEXT OF WHY WE'RE 2592 01:31:02,480 --> 01:31:05,880 HERE TODAY. 2593 01:31:05,880 --> 01:31:08,960 SO HIV AFFECTS BLACK WOMEN, 2594 01:31:08,960 --> 01:31:09,160 RIGHT. 2595 01:31:09,160 --> 01:31:14,560 IF YOU LOOK AT THIS PARTICULAR 2596 01:31:14,560 --> 01:31:15,880 TABLE, WHEN THEY THINK ABOUT 2597 01:31:15,880 --> 01:31:16,960 DISPARITIES, I DON'T KNOW THE 2598 01:31:16,960 --> 01:31:17,800 AUDIENCE, MY MOTHER COULD BE 2599 01:31:17,800 --> 01:31:19,280 HERE, I'M NOT SURE, I JUST LIKE 2600 01:31:19,280 --> 01:31:24,000 TO SPEAK AS IF I'M TALKING TO 2601 01:31:24,000 --> 01:31:26,120 THE FAMILY AT FAMILY REUNION. 2602 01:31:26,120 --> 01:31:29,960 WHEN WE SAY DISPARITIES, RATES 2603 01:31:29,960 --> 01:31:37,520 ARE NOT DIS PA RATE, IF YOU ARE 2604 01:31:37,520 --> 01:31:38,920 18% OF THE PEOPLE BUT IF YOU 2605 01:31:38,920 --> 01:31:40,120 LOOK AT BLACK WOMEN, YOU WILL 2606 01:31:40,120 --> 01:31:41,960 SEE THAT WE ONLY REPRESENT 13% 2607 01:31:41,960 --> 01:31:50,400 OF THE POPULATION THIS IS A 2608 01:31:50,400 --> 01:31:50,640 PROBLEM. 2609 01:31:50,640 --> 01:31:54,040 THIS IS WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY 2610 01:31:54,040 --> 01:31:55,440 DIS PER AT RATES. 2611 01:31:55,440 --> 01:31:58,960 THIS OTHER TABLE SHOWS, I LOVE 2612 01:31:58,960 --> 01:32:08,320 THESE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS. 2613 01:32:08,320 --> 01:32:11,280 AMONG CALL AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO 2614 01:32:11,280 --> 01:32:12,920 BE A ROCKET SCIENTIST BUT YOU 2615 01:32:12,920 --> 01:32:14,480 CAN SEE FOR BLACK WOMEN IT'S 2616 01:32:14,480 --> 01:32:15,920 STILL SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN 2617 01:32:15,920 --> 01:32:18,040 WOMEN OF OTHER RACIAL ETHNIC 2618 01:32:18,040 --> 01:32:18,240 GROUPS. 2619 01:32:18,240 --> 01:32:26,480 SO I JUST WANT TO POINT OUT THEY 2620 01:32:26,480 --> 01:32:28,920 ARE STILL INCREASING FOR BLACK 2621 01:32:28,920 --> 01:32:32,720 WOMEN AND THIS IS PROBLEMATIC. 2622 01:32:32,720 --> 01:32:36,280 IN 2019, WE KNOW THAT THERE WERE 2623 01:32:36,280 --> 01:32:38,280 ROUGHLY 250,000 WOMEN WHO WERE 2624 01:32:38,280 --> 01:32:39,720 DIAGNOSED WITH HIV, WITH BLACK 2625 01:32:39,720 --> 01:32:42,080 WOMEN A COUNTING FOR 57% OF 2626 01:32:42,080 --> 01:32:42,880 THOSE WOMEN. 2627 01:32:42,880 --> 01:32:45,560 SO HERE AGAIN WE SEE THIS IS A 2628 01:32:45,560 --> 01:32:45,800 PROBLEM. 2629 01:32:45,800 --> 01:32:47,320 AND THE DEATH RATE OF BLACK 2630 01:32:47,320 --> 01:32:48,840 WOMEN LIVING WITH DIAGNOSED HIV 2631 01:32:48,840 --> 01:32:50,760 WAS MORE THAN 14 TIMES THE RATE 2632 01:32:50,760 --> 01:32:52,040 OF WHITE WOMEN AND FIVE TIMES 2633 01:32:52,040 --> 01:32:56,120 THE RATE FOR HISPANIC AND LATINO 2634 01:32:56,120 --> 01:32:56,880 WOMEN, RIGHT. 2635 01:32:56,880 --> 01:32:58,240 SO WE SEE DESPITE THE FACT THAT 2636 01:32:58,240 --> 01:33:00,280 THE RATES ARE GOING DOWN IN THE 2637 01:33:00,280 --> 01:33:02,120 POPULATION AS A WHOLE, WE STILL 2638 01:33:02,120 --> 01:33:06,280 SEE ISSUES AS IT PERTAINS TO 2639 01:33:06,280 --> 01:33:07,280 BLACK WOMEN. 2640 01:33:07,280 --> 01:33:10,040 AND SO, THIS A LOT OF STUFF, 2641 01:33:10,040 --> 01:33:10,240 RIGHT. 2642 01:33:10,240 --> 01:33:11,920 ONE OF THE THINGS I WANT TO 2643 01:33:11,920 --> 01:33:13,720 POINT AT IS WHEN WE THINK OF 2644 01:33:13,720 --> 01:33:15,400 FACTORS WITH HIV, I WANT TO 2645 01:33:15,400 --> 01:33:16,600 POINT AT WORD RISK BECAUSE I'M 2646 01:33:16,600 --> 01:33:17,960 GOING TO TALK ABOUT THAT IN A 2647 01:33:17,960 --> 01:33:19,160 LITTLE BIT AND CARE OUTCOMES, ON 2648 01:33:19,160 --> 01:33:20,480 THE LEFT SIDE OF THE TABLE, WE 2649 01:33:20,480 --> 01:33:23,400 SEE THE THINGS SUCH AS POVERTY, 2650 01:33:23,400 --> 01:33:25,440 FOOD INSECURITY, HOUSING 2651 01:33:25,440 --> 01:33:26,960 INSTABILITY ON THE RIGHT SIDE WE 2652 01:33:26,960 --> 01:33:28,880 SEE SEX PARTNERS, HIV 2653 01:33:28,880 --> 01:33:31,680 MEDICATIONS ADHERENCE AND THINGS 2654 01:33:31,680 --> 01:33:34,560 THAT ARE ALONG THE BEHAVIORAL 2655 01:33:34,560 --> 01:33:37,040 THINGS WHICH MY CO-PANELISTS 2656 01:33:37,040 --> 01:33:37,840 REALLY POINTED AT THE NECESSITY 2657 01:33:37,840 --> 01:33:40,160 OF LOOKING AT STRUCTURAL 2658 01:33:40,160 --> 01:33:41,680 FACTORS, ET CETERA SO NOT JUST 2659 01:33:41,680 --> 01:33:44,080 LOOKING AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL 2660 01:33:44,080 --> 01:33:44,880 FACTORS, ET CETERA. 2661 01:33:44,880 --> 01:33:45,080 RIGHT. 2662 01:33:45,080 --> 01:33:46,400 SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT SOCIAL 2663 01:33:46,400 --> 01:33:48,120 AND STRUCTURAL FACTORS, WE'RE 2664 01:33:48,120 --> 01:33:49,560 THINKING ABOUT INCARCERATION, 2665 01:33:49,560 --> 01:33:50,920 POVERTY, FOOD INSECURITY, 2666 01:33:50,920 --> 01:33:53,320 HOUSING AND STABILITY TEE, LACK 2667 01:33:53,320 --> 01:33:54,520 OF HEATH INSURANCE, ET CETERA, 2668 01:33:54,520 --> 01:33:55,960 ET CETERA AND THESE ARE RELATED 2669 01:33:55,960 --> 01:33:57,760 TO POOR HIV RELATED OUTCOMES 2670 01:33:57,760 --> 01:33:59,760 AMONG BLACK WOMEN. 2671 01:33:59,760 --> 01:34:01,200 THESE THINGS DON'T JUST HAPPEN 2672 01:34:01,200 --> 01:34:03,800 IN A VACUUM, THERE ARE SYSTEMS 2673 01:34:03,800 --> 01:34:05,280 IN PLACE THAT MAKE IT SO THAT 2674 01:34:05,280 --> 01:34:07,080 THERE ARE CERTAIN SEGMENTS OF 2675 01:34:07,080 --> 01:34:08,080 POPULATION FOR WHICH THIS IS 2676 01:34:08,080 --> 01:34:10,680 THEIR REALITY AND THIS IS IT. 2677 01:34:10,680 --> 01:34:12,240 AND THEY ARE MARKED FROM BIRTH 2678 01:34:12,240 --> 01:34:13,680 AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT THAT IN A 2679 01:34:13,680 --> 01:34:15,080 LITTLE BIT AS WELL. 2680 01:34:15,080 --> 01:34:16,720 WHAT ARE SOME OF THE GAPS THAT 2681 01:34:16,720 --> 01:34:17,560 WE TALK ABOUT? 2682 01:34:17,560 --> 01:34:19,080 WE ALWAYS TALK ABOUT THE GAPS. 2683 01:34:19,080 --> 01:34:21,240 SO FOR ME THE WORK I DO IS 2684 01:34:21,240 --> 01:34:22,200 AROUND SYNDEMIC. 2685 01:34:22,200 --> 01:34:23,440 I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THAT A 2686 01:34:23,440 --> 01:34:24,960 LITTLE BIT BECAUSE I WANT TO GET 2687 01:34:24,960 --> 01:34:32,880 TO THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF 2688 01:34:32,880 --> 01:34:35,200 RACISM. 2689 01:34:35,200 --> 01:34:39,880 THE FRAMEWORK POSITIVE CORE 2690 01:34:39,880 --> 01:34:41,400 CONCEPTS THAT GIS SEES 2691 01:34:41,400 --> 01:34:42,800 INTERACTION AND THEIR UNDERLYING 2692 01:34:42,800 --> 01:34:46,200 SOCIAL FACTORS SO IT STARTED 2693 01:34:46,200 --> 01:34:52,080 WITH THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE, SO IT 2694 01:34:52,080 --> 01:34:53,680 PURPORTS THERE'S A SET OF 2695 01:34:53,680 --> 01:34:57,080 CLOSELY ENTERTAINED AND MUTUALLY 2696 01:34:57,080 --> 01:34:58,360 REINFORCING AN ENHANCING 2697 01:34:58,360 --> 01:35:00,640 EPIDEMIC OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2698 01:35:00,640 --> 01:35:01,200 VIOLENCE AND HIV. 2699 01:35:01,200 --> 01:35:02,880 WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT PANDEMIC 2700 01:35:02,880 --> 01:35:05,160 IS THERE'S SOME RECIPROCITY THAT 2701 01:35:05,160 --> 01:35:06,600 IS OCCURRING WITH THE FACTORS 2702 01:35:06,600 --> 01:35:10,000 THAT ARE PUTTING PEOPLE AT 2703 01:35:10,000 --> 01:35:11,400 GREATER RISK OR HAVING AN IMPACT 2704 01:35:11,400 --> 01:35:14,960 ON THE SEE QUELL A OF THEIR 2705 01:35:14,960 --> 01:35:22,520 EXPOSURE TO THESE RISK FACTORS. 2706 01:35:22,520 --> 01:35:25,240 THERE ARE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN 2707 01:35:25,240 --> 01:35:29,040 STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND THAT THE 2708 01:35:29,040 --> 01:35:32,440 TOTAL EXCEEDS THE SUM OF THE 2709 01:35:32,440 --> 01:35:33,880 INDIVIDUAL FACTOR SO WE'RE NOT 2710 01:35:33,880 --> 01:35:35,040 JUST ADDING THESE THINGS UP SO 2711 01:35:35,040 --> 01:35:36,480 THE FIRST PAPER WE DID THAT, IF 2712 01:35:36,480 --> 01:35:38,000 YOU HAVE TWO OR MORE THESE, IT'S 2713 01:35:38,000 --> 01:35:39,560 ONE OR LESS IT'S NONE BUT 2714 01:35:39,560 --> 01:35:46,400 EVERYBODY, LIKE LOOK AT YOURSELF 2715 01:35:46,400 --> 01:35:50,360 TODAY, WE NEED NEED READ BEING 2716 01:35:50,360 --> 01:35:52,520 LIE WAY THAT SHOW THAT SINNER 2717 01:35:52,520 --> 01:35:55,680 GYM RIGHT WITH BETWEEN THE 2718 01:35:55,680 --> 01:35:55,920 FACTORS. 2719 01:35:55,920 --> 01:36:02,200 SO WITH RESPECT TO SYNDEMICS 2720 01:36:02,200 --> 01:36:03,560 THEY'RE CO CURING. 2721 01:36:03,560 --> 01:36:05,000 THEY'RE MORE DYNAMIC WITH THINGS 2722 01:36:05,000 --> 01:36:10,520 THAT ARE JUST HAPPENING AND CO 2723 01:36:10,520 --> 01:36:24,240 OWAND-CO-OWE CARING. 2724 01:36:24,240 --> 01:36:25,760 THEY'RE REINFORCING THINGS, 2725 01:36:25,760 --> 01:36:26,080 RIGHT. 2726 01:36:26,080 --> 01:36:27,760 SO THE EXPOSURE TO THESE FACTORS 2727 01:36:27,760 --> 01:36:30,000 IS MULTI DIMENSIONAL AND RESULT 2728 01:36:30,000 --> 01:36:34,920 IN EXCESS BURDEN OF DISEASE. 2729 01:36:34,920 --> 01:36:37,200 WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THIS ALREADY 2730 01:36:37,200 --> 01:36:38,360 BUT INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS 2731 01:36:38,360 --> 01:36:41,080 ARE ALSO IN ALIGNMENT SO THERE'S 2732 01:36:41,080 --> 01:36:42,760 SOME LITERATURE OUT THERE RIGHT 2733 01:36:42,760 --> 01:36:45,960 NOW THAT IS SORT OF COMPARING 2734 01:36:45,960 --> 01:36:49,680 INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND 2735 01:36:49,680 --> 01:36:51,480 SYNDEMIC AND WITH INTERSECTIONAL 2736 01:36:51,480 --> 01:36:53,000 FRAMEWORKS WE HAVE ANALYTICALLY 2737 01:36:53,000 --> 01:36:53,840 CONSIDERING A COLLECTION OF 2738 01:36:53,840 --> 01:36:56,320 FACTORS THAT EFFECT THE SOCIAL 2739 01:36:56,320 --> 01:36:58,000 INDIVIDUAL IN COMBINATION RATHER 2740 01:36:58,000 --> 01:36:59,880 THAN CONSIDERING EACH FACTOR IN 2741 01:36:59,880 --> 01:37:01,880 ISOLATION AND CON ACCEPT 2742 01:37:01,880 --> 01:37:02,840 ACTUALLY INTERSECTIONALITY IT'S 2743 01:37:02,840 --> 01:37:04,280 A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING 2744 01:37:04,280 --> 01:37:06,480 HOW ASPECTS OF PERSONS SOCIAL 2745 01:37:06,480 --> 01:37:09,680 AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES COMBINE 2746 01:37:09,680 --> 01:37:10,960 TO CREATE MODES OF 2747 01:37:10,960 --> 01:37:11,720 DISCRIMINATION AND PRIVILEGE SO 2748 01:37:11,720 --> 01:37:13,440 THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT SO THEY 2749 01:37:13,440 --> 01:37:16,640 DON'T COMBINE TO CREATE POOR 2750 01:37:16,640 --> 01:37:18,560 HEALTH, THEY COMBINE TO CREATE 2751 01:37:18,560 --> 01:37:19,360 MODES OF DISCRIMINATION OF 2752 01:37:19,360 --> 01:37:21,160 PRIVILEGE AND SO THESE ARE THESE 2753 01:37:21,160 --> 01:37:24,160 STRUCTURAL FACTORS THAT ARE 2754 01:37:24,160 --> 01:37:25,680 ACTUALLY AT PLAY THAT REINFORCE 2755 01:37:25,680 --> 01:37:28,880 THE STATUS QUO AND THAT HAS THE 2756 01:37:28,880 --> 01:37:31,240 IMPACT ON THE POOR HOUSING, ET 2757 01:37:31,240 --> 01:37:37,760 CETERA, ET CETERA THAT ARE 2758 01:37:37,760 --> 01:37:41,400 FACTORS AND RACE, CLASS, GENDER 2759 01:37:41,400 --> 01:37:42,560 SEXUALITY AND THE SOCIAL 2760 01:37:42,560 --> 01:37:43,880 IDENTITIES MAY BE BOTH 2761 01:37:43,880 --> 01:37:45,640 EMPOWERING AND OPPRESSING, I 2762 01:37:45,640 --> 01:37:47,320 LOVE THAT BECAUSE WHILE WE ARE 2763 01:37:47,320 --> 01:37:48,600 TALKING ABOUT RISK, WE TALK 2764 01:37:48,600 --> 01:37:50,480 ABOUT OPPRESSION AND WE KNOW 2765 01:37:50,480 --> 01:37:52,080 THAT'S THERE AND BECAUSE I AM 2766 01:37:52,080 --> 01:37:54,520 ALL THE TIME A BLACK WOMAN, THEN 2767 01:37:54,520 --> 01:37:56,120 THOSE MIGHT BE SPACES WHERE I 2768 01:37:56,120 --> 01:37:58,040 ALSO FEEL EMPOWERED IF GIVEN THE 2769 01:37:58,040 --> 01:37:59,560 RIGHT TOOLS, RIGHT, SO WE'LL 2770 01:37:59,560 --> 01:38:00,720 TALK ABOUT SOME OF THOSE TOOLS 2771 01:38:00,720 --> 01:38:02,520 IN THE RESEARCH SPHERE AND HOW 2772 01:38:02,520 --> 01:38:04,080 WE CAN ENGAGE COMMUNITIES SO 2773 01:38:04,080 --> 01:38:07,120 THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY EMPOWER 2774 01:38:07,120 --> 01:38:09,240 WOMEN TO MANIFEST GREATNESS IN 2775 01:38:09,240 --> 01:38:14,240 THOSE SPACES THAT THEY OCCUPY. 2776 01:38:14,240 --> 01:38:18,360 WHEN FOCUSING ON MARGINALIZED 2777 01:38:18,360 --> 01:38:19,240 POPULATION, BOTH OF CRITICAL IN 2778 01:38:19,240 --> 01:38:20,480 UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS AND 2779 01:38:20,480 --> 01:38:22,120 EXPERIENCES OF OPPRESSION AND 2780 01:38:22,120 --> 01:38:23,680 THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR 2781 01:38:23,680 --> 01:38:25,000 HEALTH OUTCOMES AND I SEE IT 2782 01:38:25,000 --> 01:38:26,960 THIS WAY, IT'S ENDEMIC SO WHAT'S 2783 01:38:26,960 --> 01:38:27,880 GOING ON. 2784 01:38:27,880 --> 01:38:30,160 WHAT IS HAPPENING? 2785 01:38:30,160 --> 01:38:39,240 WHAT ARE THE CO-OCCURRING. 2786 01:38:39,240 --> 01:38:42,320 SO WHAT IS GOING ON BEHIND THESE 2787 01:38:42,320 --> 01:38:42,560 THINGS? 2788 01:38:42,560 --> 01:38:45,400 WHY IS IT THAT SYNDEMIC OCCUR IN 2789 01:38:45,400 --> 01:38:47,320 UNDERSERVED MARGINALIZED GROUPS? 2790 01:38:47,320 --> 01:38:50,960 MY WORK IS ON SYNDEMICS AND I'M 2791 01:38:50,960 --> 01:38:52,360 A KWAN INDICATE TIVE RESEARCHER 2792 01:38:52,360 --> 01:38:56,480 AND I COLLABORATE WITH 2793 01:38:56,480 --> 01:38:59,800 QUALITATIVE FOLKS, ESPECIALLY 2794 01:38:59,800 --> 01:39:01,240 EXAMINING SIGNIFICANT STA OLDER 2795 01:39:01,240 --> 01:39:03,880 BLACK WOMEN LIVING IN HIV. 2796 01:39:03,880 --> 01:39:05,240 WE HAVE ALL OF THESE 2797 01:39:05,240 --> 01:39:09,720 INTERSECTIONAL PIECES OF WOMEN'S 2798 01:39:09,720 --> 01:39:09,960 LIVES. 2799 01:39:09,960 --> 01:39:12,280 SO WHEN WE THIS ABOUT 2800 01:39:12,280 --> 01:39:14,360 PUBLIC-HEALTH, TYPICALLY, IF AND 2801 01:39:14,360 --> 01:39:16,120 WHEN, IF AND WHEN WE GET TO TALK 2802 01:39:16,120 --> 01:39:18,600 ABOUT BLACK GIRLS AND WOMEN, OR 2803 01:39:18,600 --> 01:39:19,440 WHEN THEY'RE CONSIDERED IN TERMS 2804 01:39:19,440 --> 01:39:20,960 OF HEALTH, IT'S WITHIN A 2805 01:39:20,960 --> 01:39:23,360 DISCOURSE OF RISK, FOR EXAMPLE, 2806 01:39:23,360 --> 01:39:25,400 WE HAVE CHILDHOOD OBESITY, 2807 01:39:25,400 --> 01:39:29,120 BULLYING, GIRL FIGHTING, TEEN 2808 01:39:29,120 --> 01:39:31,720 PREGNANCY, STIs, AND HIV, 2809 01:39:31,720 --> 01:39:31,960 RIGHT. 2810 01:39:31,960 --> 01:39:35,480 FROM A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE I'M 2811 01:39:35,480 --> 01:39:38,400 AN EPIDEMIOLOGIST, WHILE BEING 2812 01:39:38,400 --> 01:39:39,320 PROBLEMATIC IT MAKES SENSE. 2813 01:39:39,320 --> 01:39:42,280 WE CALCULATE RISK RATIOS NOT 2814 01:39:42,280 --> 01:39:44,280 RESILIENCE RATIOS, WE HAVE 2815 01:39:44,280 --> 01:39:46,560 EXPOSED BY THE CUMULATIVE AND WE 2816 01:39:46,560 --> 01:39:47,840 KNOW THESE THINGS IT'S SIMPLE. 2817 01:39:47,840 --> 01:39:49,600 THE PROBLEM LIES IN THAT THE 2818 01:39:49,600 --> 01:39:51,120 EXPOSURE WE STUDY ARE IMPACTED 2819 01:39:51,120 --> 01:39:53,480 BY EXPOSURE TO THE SYSTEMS OF 2820 01:39:53,480 --> 01:39:55,040 OPPRESSION THAT WORK TO MAINTAIN 2821 01:39:55,040 --> 01:39:57,480 THE STATUS QUO. 2822 01:39:57,480 --> 01:39:58,920 SO, MY RISK FOR HYPERTENSION OR 2823 01:39:58,920 --> 01:40:00,600 DIABETES OR MATERNAL MORTALITY 2824 01:40:00,600 --> 01:40:01,800 SHOULDN'T BE DIFFERENT FROM THAT 2825 01:40:01,800 --> 01:40:03,880 OF ANY OTHER WOMEN ESPECIALLY IF 2826 01:40:03,880 --> 01:40:05,320 I'M AN EDUCATED BLACK WOMEN WHO 2827 01:40:05,320 --> 01:40:06,880 IS MIDDLE-CLASS, I HAVE A JOB, 2828 01:40:06,880 --> 01:40:08,320 ET CETERA, ET CETERA BUT WHAT WE 2829 01:40:08,320 --> 01:40:09,720 SEE IS DIFFERENT. 2830 01:40:09,720 --> 01:40:11,360 SO, WE'RE CHALLENGED AS 2831 01:40:11,360 --> 01:40:13,160 RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS TO 2832 01:40:13,160 --> 01:40:15,720 TAKE THE BLINDERS OFF AND START 2833 01:40:15,720 --> 01:40:17,040 TO -- START WITH THE FACT THERE 2834 01:40:17,040 --> 01:40:18,000 ARE CERTAIN COMMUNITIES OF BOTH 2835 01:40:18,000 --> 01:40:19,600 THAT ARE BORN WITH STRIKES 2836 01:40:19,600 --> 01:40:21,240 AGAINST THEM. 2837 01:40:21,240 --> 01:40:24,080 THOSE STRIKES ARE MY BLACKNESS, 2838 01:40:24,080 --> 01:40:26,000 WOMENNESS, QUEERNESS, DIFFERENT 2839 01:40:26,000 --> 01:40:28,080 ABLEDNESS, WHATEVER THOSE THINGS 2840 01:40:28,080 --> 01:40:28,320 ARE. 2841 01:40:28,320 --> 01:40:29,840 SO IN SPEAKING ABOUT 2842 01:40:29,840 --> 01:40:30,880 REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE, I JUST 2843 01:40:30,880 --> 01:40:32,520 WANT TO HIT ON A LITTLE BIT OF 2844 01:40:32,520 --> 01:40:34,560 SOMETHING RELATED TO MATERNAL 2845 01:40:34,560 --> 01:40:34,960 MORTALITY. 2846 01:40:34,960 --> 01:40:36,840 SO IN THE UNITED STATES, 2847 01:40:36,840 --> 01:40:39,240 MATERNAL MORTALITY HAS RISEN 2848 01:40:39,240 --> 01:40:43,480 BETWEEN 1990 AND 2013. 2849 01:40:43,480 --> 01:40:45,640 FROM 12 TO 28 LIVE BIRTH. 2850 01:40:45,640 --> 01:40:46,560 INDICATING THAT WOMEN IN THE 2851 01:40:46,560 --> 01:40:50,280 U.S. ARE MORE LIKELY TO DIE 2852 01:40:50,280 --> 01:40:51,680 DURING CHILDBIRTH THAN WOMEN IN 2853 01:40:51,680 --> 01:40:54,120 EYE OTHER HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES 2854 01:40:54,120 --> 01:40:56,000 AND IT'S THE MMR RATE FOR BLACK 2855 01:40:56,000 --> 01:40:58,560 WOMEN IS FOUR TO FIVE GREATER 2856 01:40:58,560 --> 01:41:00,240 THAN WHITE WOMEN AND THE U.S. IS 2857 01:41:00,240 --> 01:41:02,360 SPENDING HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF 2858 01:41:02,360 --> 01:41:05,080 DOLLARS ANNUALLY ON MATERNAL AND 2859 01:41:05,080 --> 01:41:05,760 NEWBORN CARE. 2860 01:41:05,760 --> 01:41:08,000 WHEN WE LOOK AT MATERNAL 2861 01:41:08,000 --> 01:41:09,440 MORBIDITY IT LEADS TO LIFELONG 2862 01:41:09,440 --> 01:41:11,080 HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT MAKE UP 2863 01:41:11,080 --> 01:41:14,480 52,000 CASES A YEAR. 2864 01:41:14,480 --> 01:41:16,120 NOW WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT THE 2865 01:41:16,120 --> 01:41:18,120 WHY, WE HAVE THE HISS TORQUAL 2866 01:41:18,120 --> 01:41:20,120 CONTEXT OF MATERNAL MORTALITY 2867 01:41:20,120 --> 01:41:22,240 AND NOW WE'LL GET BROKEN DOWN. 2868 01:41:22,240 --> 01:41:25,360 THE REGULATION OF BLACK WOMEN'S 2869 01:41:25,360 --> 01:41:26,480 REPRODUCTIVE HAS BEEN A ASPECT 2870 01:41:26,480 --> 01:41:27,800 OF RACIAL OPPRESSION IN AMERICA 2871 01:41:27,800 --> 01:41:28,840 SO WE KNOW THIS. 2872 01:41:28,840 --> 01:41:30,720 THE INSTITUTIONEL SLAVERY IN THE 2873 01:41:30,720 --> 01:41:32,640 U.S. OPENED THE DOOR FOR ALL 2874 01:41:32,640 --> 01:41:34,520 TYPES OF INJUST MEDICAL 2875 01:41:34,520 --> 01:41:35,800 EXPERIMENTATION OF BLACK WOMEN'S 2876 01:41:35,800 --> 01:41:38,760 BODIES FROM EXPERIMENTAL VAGINAL 2877 01:41:38,760 --> 01:41:42,400 SURGERIES WITHOUT ANESTHESIA ON 2878 01:41:42,400 --> 01:41:43,960 ENSLAVED BACK WOMEN TO THE 2879 01:41:43,960 --> 01:41:45,560 STEALING OF CERVICAL CANCER 2880 01:41:45,560 --> 01:41:48,080 CELLS IN THE NAME OF ADVANCING 2881 01:41:48,080 --> 01:41:48,280 SCIENCE. 2882 01:41:48,280 --> 01:41:49,680 WE HAVE SYSTEM CHALLENGES. 2883 01:41:49,680 --> 01:41:51,680 WE CAN'T BEGIN TO TACKLE RACIAL 2884 01:41:51,680 --> 01:41:53,160 DISPARITIES IN MATERNAL AND 2885 01:41:53,160 --> 01:41:54,320 CHILD HEALTH WITHOUT 2886 01:41:54,320 --> 01:41:55,480 ACKNOWLEDGING AND LEARNING THE 2887 01:41:55,480 --> 01:41:56,760 HISTORY WHICH HAS CONTRIBUTE 2888 01:41:56,760 --> 01:41:58,160 TODAY WHERE WE ARE TODAY. 2889 01:41:58,160 --> 01:42:01,480 THIS IS WHERE WE ARE TODAY. 2890 01:42:01,480 --> 01:42:03,360 AND THEN WE'VE GOT REPRODUCTIVE 2891 01:42:03,360 --> 01:42:03,600 JUSTICE. 2892 01:42:03,600 --> 01:42:07,320 WHICH IS A CRITICAL FRAMEWORK, A 2893 01:42:07,320 --> 01:42:09,600 FEMINIST FRAMEWORK INVENTED AS A 2894 01:42:09,600 --> 01:42:11,040 RESPONSE TO UNITED STATES 2895 01:42:11,040 --> 01:42:12,600 REPRODUCTIVE POLITICS. 2896 01:42:12,600 --> 01:42:13,840 THE THREE CORE VALUES OF 2897 01:42:13,840 --> 01:42:15,080 REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE ARE THE 2898 01:42:15,080 --> 01:42:16,200 RIGHT TO HAVE A CHILD, THE RIGHT 2899 01:42:16,200 --> 01:42:17,680 NOT TO HAVE A CHILD, AND THE 2900 01:42:17,680 --> 01:42:20,000 RIGHT TO PARENT A CHILD OR 2901 01:42:20,000 --> 01:42:22,720 CHILDREN IN SAFE AND HEALTHY 2902 01:42:22,720 --> 01:42:23,080 ENVIRONMENTS. 2903 01:42:23,080 --> 01:42:25,120 SO AGAIN WE'RE THINKING ABOUT 2904 01:42:25,120 --> 01:42:26,880 POLICE BROW TAL TEE IS A 2905 01:42:26,880 --> 01:42:28,920 REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE ISSUE, 2906 01:42:28,920 --> 01:42:29,120 RIGHT. 2907 01:42:29,120 --> 01:42:32,200 -- BRUTALITY. 2908 01:42:32,200 --> 01:42:33,880 AND THEN WE'VE GOT SOME BASIC 2909 01:42:33,880 --> 01:42:34,080 FACTS. 2910 01:42:34,080 --> 01:42:36,840 THE UNITED STATES RANKS 33rd 2911 01:42:36,840 --> 01:42:38,760 33rd AMONG THE 38 WEALTHIEST 2912 01:42:38,760 --> 01:42:40,600 FACES WHEN IT COMES TO MATERNAL 2913 01:42:40,600 --> 01:42:41,920 HEALTH FOR ALL WOMEN. 2914 01:42:41,920 --> 01:42:44,800 59% OF BLACK MATERNAL DEATHS ARE 2915 01:42:44,800 --> 01:42:45,960 PREVENTABLE. 2916 01:42:45,960 --> 01:42:46,120 59%. 2917 01:42:46,120 --> 01:42:47,560 BLACK INFANTS ARE MORE THAN TWO 2918 01:42:47,560 --> 01:42:50,520 TIMES AS LIKELY TO DIE AS WHITE 2919 01:42:50,520 --> 01:42:50,760 INFANTS. 2920 01:42:50,760 --> 01:42:53,480 AND BLACK MATERNAL DEATH RATES 2921 01:42:53,480 --> 01:42:55,600 BETWEEN 2019 AND 2020 INCREASED 2922 01:42:55,600 --> 01:42:56,120 BY 26%. 2923 01:42:56,120 --> 01:42:58,480 WE HAVE A PROBLEM. 2924 01:42:58,480 --> 01:42:59,800 AND IN ORDER FOR US TO REALLY 2925 01:42:59,800 --> 01:43:00,760 UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS THAT WE 2926 01:43:00,760 --> 01:43:02,560 NEED TO DO, WE NEED TO FRAMEWORK 2927 01:43:02,560 --> 01:43:04,920 THAT WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND THE 2928 01:43:04,920 --> 01:43:07,240 HISTORICAL CAN TEXT WHY IT IS WE 2929 01:43:07,240 --> 01:43:11,400 SEE THESE NUMBERS. 2930 01:43:11,400 --> 01:43:15,040 BLACK FEMINISM AND WOMENNISM, SO 2931 01:43:15,040 --> 01:43:16,040 BLACK FEMINISM CENTERS ON THE 2932 01:43:16,040 --> 01:43:20,680 IDEA THAT BLACK WOMEN ARE ADHERE 2933 01:43:20,680 --> 01:43:21,640 ANTLY VALUABLE. 2934 01:43:21,640 --> 01:43:24,480 THAT BLACK WOMEN LIBERATION IS A 2935 01:43:24,480 --> 01:43:29,720 NECESSITY AND NOT JUST AS AN 2936 01:43:29,720 --> 01:43:30,840 ADJUNCT BECAUSE OUR NEED FOR 2937 01:43:30,840 --> 01:43:32,160 HUMAN PERSONS FOR AUTONOMY. 2938 01:43:32,160 --> 01:43:33,760 THIS WAS FOUNDED OUT OF 2939 01:43:33,760 --> 01:43:35,160 EXPERIENCES AND FEELINGS OF 2940 01:43:35,160 --> 01:43:36,840 SEXISM IN THE BLACK POWER 2941 01:43:36,840 --> 01:43:39,440 MOVEMENT AND RACISM IN THE 2942 01:43:39,440 --> 01:43:43,200 LESBIAN AND FEMINISM MOVEMENT. 2943 01:43:43,200 --> 01:43:45,720 WE HAVE RIVER COLLECTIVE ACTED 2944 01:43:45,720 --> 01:43:47,640 BETWEEN '74 AND '80 THAT SPOKE 2945 01:43:47,640 --> 01:43:49,040 HOW BLACK WOMEN ARE 2946 01:43:49,040 --> 01:43:50,120 SIMULTANEOUSLY FIGHTING THIS ON 2947 01:43:50,120 --> 01:43:51,680 GOING BATTLE OF MULTIPLE 2948 01:43:51,680 --> 01:43:54,640 OPPRESSION FROM ALL ANGLES. 2949 01:43:54,640 --> 01:43:56,400 THEY SPOKE OF HOW IT WAS 2950 01:43:56,400 --> 01:43:58,280 DIFFICULT TO SEPARATE RACE FROM 2951 01:43:58,280 --> 01:44:00,320 CLASS, FROM SEX OPPRESSION, 2952 01:44:00,320 --> 01:44:02,080 BECAUSE IN OUR BLACK WOMEN'S 2953 01:44:02,080 --> 01:44:04,440 LIVES, THEY'RE THE MOST OFTEN 2954 01:44:04,440 --> 01:44:06,480 EXPERIENCED SIMULTANEOUSLY. 2955 01:44:06,480 --> 01:44:07,760 SO RACE, GENDER AND CLASS 2956 01:44:07,760 --> 01:44:09,160 OPPRESSION ARE ALL ASPECTS OF 2957 01:44:09,160 --> 01:44:12,640 THE SAME SYSTEM OF HIERARCHY. 2958 01:44:12,640 --> 01:44:13,560 BILL HOOKS BROKE IT DOWN AND 2959 01:44:13,560 --> 01:44:17,280 TERMED IT IMPERIALIST WHITE 2960 01:44:17,280 --> 01:44:18,960 SUPREMACIST, CAPITALIST, 2961 01:44:18,960 --> 01:44:20,480 PATRIARCHY, ALL STUFF, ALL OF 2962 01:44:20,480 --> 01:44:21,760 IT, ALL AT ONCE. 2963 01:44:21,760 --> 01:44:23,680 IT'S FROM WITHIN THIS SYSTEM OF 2964 01:44:23,680 --> 01:44:30,680 PAY TREPATRIARCHY FOR THOSE FOR WHOM 2965 01:44:30,680 --> 01:44:32,400 THE SYSTEM WAS BUILT SO WHEN WE 2966 01:44:32,400 --> 01:44:34,160 TALK ABOUT OTHER, WE TALK ABOUT 2967 01:44:34,160 --> 01:44:35,360 THIS STIGMA, RIGHT. 2968 01:44:35,360 --> 01:44:36,520 YOU ARE DIFFERENT, YOU ARE 2969 01:44:36,520 --> 01:44:37,840 DIFFERENT FROM WHOMEVER. 2970 01:44:37,840 --> 01:44:40,000 AND WE INTERNALIZE THAT. 2971 01:44:40,000 --> 01:44:42,880 THAT'S ANOTHER THING. 2972 01:44:42,880 --> 01:44:44,560 SO NOW WE CAN TALK ABOUT SOME 2973 01:44:44,560 --> 01:44:47,040 PUBLIC-HEALTH CRITICAL RACE 2974 01:44:47,040 --> 01:44:48,680 PRACTICES, PHDRP. 2975 01:44:48,680 --> 01:44:51,640 WE KNOW THE RESEARCH STARTS AND 2976 01:44:51,640 --> 01:44:52,520 FILLS GAPS IN LITERATURE AND 2977 01:44:52,520 --> 01:44:55,040 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT A PHENOMENON. 2978 01:44:55,040 --> 01:44:56,640 WE THINK ABOUT, FOLKS, AT THE 2979 01:44:56,640 --> 01:44:58,280 INTERSECTIONS OF RACE, SEX, 2980 01:44:58,280 --> 01:45:01,040 GENDER, IDENTITY, CLASS OR, 2981 01:45:01,040 --> 01:45:02,080 ORIENTATION AND ABLENESS, THE 2982 01:45:02,080 --> 01:45:03,720 GAPS ARE WIDE AND LONG, RIGHT. 2983 01:45:03,720 --> 01:45:04,920 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT ONE THING, 2984 01:45:04,920 --> 01:45:05,600 FILL THE GAP. 2985 01:45:05,600 --> 01:45:07,120 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT ALL THESE 2986 01:45:07,120 --> 01:45:09,120 INTERSECTIONS IT GETS TOUGH. 2987 01:45:09,120 --> 01:45:11,120 WE HAVE TO TRAIN OUR FUTURE 2988 01:45:11,120 --> 01:45:13,120 RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS TO 2989 01:45:13,120 --> 01:45:17,040 BEGIN WITH AN UNDERSTANDING OF 2990 01:45:17,040 --> 01:45:19,480 OUT HER INHER TANT BIAS. 2991 01:45:19,480 --> 01:45:21,080 AND PUBLIC-HEALTH. 2992 01:45:21,080 --> 01:45:22,320 WE HAVE TO LOOK AT OURSELVES AND 2993 01:45:22,320 --> 01:45:24,480 FACE OUR OWN INHER TANT BIAS AND 2994 01:45:24,480 --> 01:45:26,240 THIS FROM THE CONCEPT OF A 2995 01:45:26,240 --> 01:45:28,640 RESEARCH QUESTION, WHY IS THAT 2996 01:45:28,640 --> 01:45:30,080 YOU HIGH POTH A SIZE THAT BLACK 2997 01:45:30,080 --> 01:45:34,320 GAY MEN WILL DO XY AND Z AND 2998 01:45:34,320 --> 01:45:36,440 BEFORE THEY ENTER THE EXAM ROOM, 2999 01:45:36,440 --> 01:45:37,680 THEY TRAIN PUBLIC-HEALTH 3000 01:45:37,680 --> 01:45:38,720 PRACTITIONERS TO ADDRESS THE 3001 01:45:38,720 --> 01:45:40,680 HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF RACISM, 3002 01:45:40,680 --> 01:45:42,320 TO ACHIEVE HEALTH EQUITY 3003 01:45:42,320 --> 01:45:43,600 REQUIRES NEW PARADIGMS THAT 3004 01:45:43,600 --> 01:45:45,920 ADDRESS STRUCTURAL RACISM, 3005 01:45:45,920 --> 01:45:47,640 CONTEMPORARY INFLUENCE ON 3006 01:45:47,640 --> 01:45:49,240 HEALTH, HEALTH INEQUITIESES AND 3007 01:45:49,240 --> 01:45:51,120 RESEARCH AND CONTEMPORARY, 3008 01:45:51,120 --> 01:45:52,800 CHANGE IT, WHERE WE ARE TODAY IS 3009 01:45:52,800 --> 01:45:55,640 NOT WHERE WE WERE 10 YEARS AGO 3010 01:45:55,640 --> 01:45:57,440 IT'S CHANGEING AND WE HAVE TO 3011 01:45:57,440 --> 01:46:01,480 KEEP UP AND CONTEMPORARY RACIAL 3012 01:46:01,480 --> 01:46:05,480 PHENOMENON AND EXPANDS OUR 3013 01:46:05,480 --> 01:46:07,000 VOCABULARY FOR CONCEPTS SO WE 3014 01:46:07,000 --> 01:46:08,520 TALKED ABOUT THAT WITH OUR 3015 01:46:08,520 --> 01:46:09,240 PREVIOUS INTRODUCE SPEAKERS WHO 3016 01:46:09,240 --> 01:46:10,680 WERE TALKING ABOUT HOW WE 3017 01:46:10,680 --> 01:46:11,960 MEASURE RACIAL CONCEPT AND HOW 3018 01:46:11,960 --> 01:46:15,040 ARE WE MEASURING STRUCTURAL 3019 01:46:15,040 --> 01:46:17,480 RACISM AND CHALLENGING RACIAL 3020 01:46:17,480 --> 01:46:19,040 HIERARCHY AND THIS WAS PUT 3021 01:46:19,040 --> 01:46:21,560 FOURTH BY Dr. COLLINS, AND 3022 01:46:21,560 --> 01:46:24,520 CHANDRA FORD AND THEY OFFERED 3023 01:46:24,520 --> 01:46:25,160 TRAININGS AS WELL. 3024 01:46:25,160 --> 01:46:26,560 SO NOW WE'RE BACK AT 3025 01:46:26,560 --> 01:46:27,760 INTERSECTIONAL FRAMEWORKS, I 3026 01:46:27,760 --> 01:46:28,920 TALKED ABOUT THIS IN TERMS OF 3027 01:46:28,920 --> 01:46:30,960 HOW IS IT THAT WE CAN UTILIZE 3028 01:46:30,960 --> 01:46:33,240 THESE FRAMEWORKS TO BETTER 3029 01:46:33,240 --> 01:46:35,680 UNDERSTAND THE WHY. 3030 01:46:35,680 --> 01:46:38,640 AND INTERSECTIONALITY IS A 3031 01:46:38,640 --> 01:46:40,760 QUALITATIVE FRAMEWORK DEVELOPED 3032 01:46:40,760 --> 01:46:47,360 BY KIMBERLEY CRENSHA CRENSHAW, I WON'T 3033 01:46:47,360 --> 01:46:48,480 GET INTO THE WEEDS ABOUT IT BUT 3034 01:46:48,480 --> 01:46:52,480 IT OPPOSED ANALYTIC SYSTEMS THAT 3035 01:46:52,480 --> 01:46:53,320 TREATS ISOLATION AS 3036 01:46:53,320 --> 01:46:54,040 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK 3037 01:46:54,040 --> 01:46:55,720 WOMEN COULD BE EXPRESSED SIMPLY 3038 01:46:55,720 --> 01:46:57,600 A MISOGYNY AND RACISM AND WE 3039 01:46:57,600 --> 01:47:04,720 KNOW IT'S NOT TRUE. 3040 01:47:04,720 --> 01:47:05,680 THERE'S A CARRIAGE, HELPS THE 3041 01:47:05,680 --> 01:47:07,280 WHITE WOMAN OUT AND PUTS THE 3042 01:47:07,280 --> 01:47:08,920 JACKET DOWN AND SHE DOESN'T STEP 3043 01:47:08,920 --> 01:47:13,200 IN THE PUDDLER AN PUT AND YES YOU ARE A 3044 01:47:13,200 --> 01:47:14,720 WOMAN BUT YOU ARE A BLACK WOMAN 3045 01:47:14,720 --> 01:47:16,640 SO AGAIN WHEN YOU ARE AT THAT 3046 01:47:16,640 --> 01:47:17,560 INTERSECTION, YOU ARE TREATED 3047 01:47:17,560 --> 01:47:18,480 DIFFERENTLY, THE OPPRESSION IS 3048 01:47:18,480 --> 01:47:19,760 RIGHT THERE IN YOUR FACE AND YOU 3049 01:47:19,760 --> 01:47:21,440 ARE LEFT TO WONDER, YOU KNOW, 3050 01:47:21,440 --> 01:47:25,240 WHAT ABOUT ME? 3051 01:47:25,240 --> 01:47:25,720 RIGHT. 3052 01:47:25,720 --> 01:47:35,040 PATRICIA HILL COLLINS PURPORTS -- THEY 3053 01:47:35,040 --> 01:47:36,240 SHAPE EACH OTHER. 3054 01:47:36,240 --> 01:47:37,800 SEE THEY'RE NOT JUST SITTING 3055 01:47:37,800 --> 01:47:40,080 THERE STATIC JUST BOOM, THEY ALL 3056 01:47:40,080 --> 01:47:40,880 SHAPE EACH OTHER. 3057 01:47:40,880 --> 01:47:43,480 I AM A BLACK WOMAN ALL DAY. 3058 01:47:43,480 --> 01:47:44,440 MY BLACKNESS SHAPES MY WOMENNESS 3059 01:47:44,440 --> 01:47:47,160 AND ALL THE STUFF ALL THE TIME. 3060 01:47:47,160 --> 01:47:51,160 AND Dr. LISA BOWLEG, WHEN YOU 3061 01:47:51,160 --> 01:47:52,240 BLENDED THE CAKE, YOU CAN'T TAKE 3062 01:47:52,240 --> 01:47:56,280 THE PARTS BACK TO THE MAIN 3063 01:47:56,280 --> 01:47:56,600 INGREDIENT. 3064 01:47:56,600 --> 01:47:57,760 WE ARE ALREADY MIXED IN THE 3065 01:47:57,760 --> 01:47:58,080 CAKE. 3066 01:47:58,080 --> 01:47:59,080 I'M IN THE CAKE. 3067 01:47:59,080 --> 01:48:00,600 I'M THE CAKE, YOU CAN'T SEPARATE 3068 01:48:00,600 --> 01:48:02,680 THE TWO FROM ONE ANOTHER. 3069 01:48:02,680 --> 01:48:04,360 BUT THERE'S ALWAYS SOME 3070 01:48:04,360 --> 01:48:05,880 CRITICISM, THIS IS WHAT WE DO IN 3071 01:48:05,880 --> 01:48:07,880 RESEARCH AND IT'S OK TO BE 3072 01:48:07,880 --> 01:48:08,160 CRITICAL. 3073 01:48:08,160 --> 01:48:11,880 IT'S A QUALITYTATIVE ANALYTIC 3074 01:48:11,880 --> 01:48:12,560 FRAMEWORK SO THEY HAVE AMBIGUOUS 3075 01:48:12,560 --> 01:48:14,680 OR LACKING DEFINED GOALS WHICH I 3076 01:48:14,680 --> 01:48:16,680 HAVE AN ISSUE WITH AND IT'S 3077 01:48:16,680 --> 01:48:18,400 BASED IN STANDPOINT THEORY 3078 01:48:18,400 --> 01:48:20,120 CRITICS SAY THE FOCUS ON 3079 01:48:20,120 --> 01:48:21,000 SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES MIGHT 3080 01:48:21,000 --> 01:48:24,080 LEAD TO CONTRADICTIONS SO YOU DO 3081 01:48:24,080 --> 01:48:25,360 SYMPTOMATIC CODING, THESE ARE 3082 01:48:25,360 --> 01:48:26,440 THE THEMES AND THIS IS MY 3083 01:48:26,440 --> 01:48:27,480 INTERPRETATION OF WHAT THEY NEED 3084 01:48:27,480 --> 01:48:29,400 WELL MY INTERPRETATION IS 3085 01:48:29,400 --> 01:48:30,480 SOMETHING DIFFERENT. 3086 01:48:30,480 --> 01:48:30,920 RIGHT. 3087 01:48:30,920 --> 01:48:34,760 SO, ALTHOUGH IT'S RIGOROUS, 3088 01:48:34,760 --> 01:48:36,600 CRITICS OR CRITICIZING WHETHER 3089 01:48:36,600 --> 01:48:38,800 OR NOT THE VALIDITY I WILL SAY 3090 01:48:38,800 --> 01:48:40,360 OF WHAT THE FINDINGS ARE TELLING 3091 01:48:40,360 --> 01:48:42,000 YOU, RIGHT. 3092 01:48:42,000 --> 01:48:43,680 IT'S OPEN FOR INTERPRETATION. 3093 01:48:43,680 --> 01:48:44,960 QUANTITIVE METHODS IN RESEARCH 3094 01:48:44,960 --> 01:48:46,400 ARE OPEN FOR INTERPRETATION, 3095 01:48:46,400 --> 01:48:46,720 RIGHT. 3096 01:48:46,720 --> 01:48:55,480 I FIND IT PROBLEMATIC THE 3097 01:48:55,480 --> 01:48:57,000 FRAMEWORK IS LESS RIGOROUS, IT 3098 01:48:57,000 --> 01:48:59,160 ALLOWS US TO DEEPEN OUR 3099 01:48:59,160 --> 01:49:00,000 UNDERSTANDING OF LIVED 3100 01:49:00,000 --> 01:49:01,080 EXPERIENCES OF BLACK WOMEN. 3101 01:49:01,080 --> 01:49:02,880 WITH WE GET DEEP, NOW IT'S A 3102 01:49:02,880 --> 01:49:04,240 PROBLEM, OK. 3103 01:49:04,240 --> 01:49:05,800 EXAMINING REPRODUCTIVE INJUSTICE 3104 01:49:05,800 --> 01:49:07,120 WHICH IS RIGHTS IN THE ABSENCE 3105 01:49:07,120 --> 01:49:09,520 OF SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR WOMEN OF 3106 01:49:09,520 --> 01:49:10,600 COLOR, REQUIRES WE UNDERSTAND 3107 01:49:10,600 --> 01:49:12,360 THE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN IN THE 3108 01:49:12,360 --> 01:49:13,320 HEALTHCARE SPACE. 3109 01:49:13,320 --> 01:49:15,480 AND SOME OF THAT MEANS THAT 3110 01:49:15,480 --> 01:49:17,040 WE'RE GOING TO CENTER THE 3111 01:49:17,040 --> 01:49:18,880 VOICES, I NEED YOU TO HEAR MY 3112 01:49:18,880 --> 01:49:19,400 VOICE. 3113 01:49:19,400 --> 01:49:21,800 IN PUBLIC-HEALTH AND RESEARCH, 3114 01:49:21,800 --> 01:49:24,120 WE FOCUS ON STATISTICAL 3115 01:49:24,120 --> 01:49:25,120 SIGNIFICANCE WHICH IS RIGOROUS 3116 01:49:25,120 --> 01:49:26,640 AND I GET IT AND I DO IT THAT'S 3117 01:49:26,640 --> 01:49:28,520 WHAT I DO. 3118 01:49:28,520 --> 01:49:30,080 HOWEVER, THERE'S OFTEN SILENT 3119 01:49:30,080 --> 01:49:32,480 AVENUE FIRMATIONS OF BLACK WOMEN 3120 01:49:32,480 --> 01:49:34,600 THAT WE'RE UNABLE TO CAPTURE 3121 01:49:34,600 --> 01:49:36,160 QUANTITIVELY SO I THINK ABOUT 3122 01:49:36,160 --> 01:49:37,680 ARTISTIC EXPRESSION, THEY ARE 3123 01:49:37,680 --> 01:49:39,520 OUTCOMES AND EXPOSURES THAT WE 3124 01:49:39,520 --> 01:49:41,120 SEEK TO QUANTIFY, IT COULD BE A 3125 01:49:41,120 --> 01:49:43,480 STANCE OR THE WAY I LOOK AT YOU 3126 01:49:43,480 --> 01:49:45,120 WHEN YOU WALK DOWN THE STREET 3127 01:49:45,120 --> 01:49:47,760 AND I GIVE YOU THE NOD, BOOM, 3128 01:49:47,760 --> 01:49:48,920 THAT'S LANGUAGE AND IT'S 3129 01:49:48,920 --> 01:49:49,200 SOMETHING. 3130 01:49:49,200 --> 01:49:51,520 HOW DO WE QUANTIFY THAT AND PUT 3131 01:49:51,520 --> 01:49:52,840 THAT REALITY OF PEOPLE'S 3132 01:49:52,840 --> 01:49:54,880 EXPERIENCES IN THE RESEARCH 3133 01:49:54,880 --> 01:49:55,280 SPACE? 3134 01:49:55,280 --> 01:49:56,360 A FOCUS GROUPS. 3135 01:49:56,360 --> 01:49:57,840 WOMEN SPEAK ON WHAT THEIR ISSUES 3136 01:49:57,840 --> 01:49:59,000 ARE IN WAYS THAT THEY HAVE 3137 01:49:59,000 --> 01:50:00,160 DEVELOPED TO MITIGATE THEM. 3138 01:50:00,160 --> 01:50:03,080 THIS GIVES THEM POWER. 3139 01:50:03,080 --> 01:50:04,520 GIVES THEM POWER TO SAY, WHAT 3140 01:50:04,520 --> 01:50:06,320 YOU HAVE TO SAY MATTERS. 3141 01:50:06,320 --> 01:50:08,200 HOWEVER YOU WANT TO SAY IT, IT 3142 01:50:08,200 --> 01:50:08,440 MATTERS. 3143 01:50:08,440 --> 01:50:11,840 WHETHER OR NOT IT'S A 3144 01:50:11,840 --> 01:50:12,560 QUESTIONNAIRE OR WHATEVER, YOU 3145 01:50:12,560 --> 01:50:15,400 WANT TO SPEAK AND DO PHOTO VOICE 3146 01:50:15,400 --> 01:50:16,920 WHAT'S IS IT WE WANT TO DO. 3147 01:50:16,920 --> 01:50:18,480 THERE ARE FRAMEWORKS TO GROUND 3148 01:50:18,480 --> 01:50:23,080 RESEARCH FORM OF SOCIAL JUSTICE 3149 01:50:23,080 --> 01:50:24,520 AND HEALTH LENSE. 3150 01:50:24,520 --> 01:50:26,040 IT'S TRANCE DISCIPLINE TARRY SO 3151 01:50:26,040 --> 01:50:27,560 WE NEED PEOPLE EVERYWHERE. 3152 01:50:27,560 --> 01:50:29,840 WE NEED PEOPLE IN HISTORY AND 3153 01:50:29,840 --> 01:50:35,240 SOCIAL SCIENCES, PSYCHOLOGY, 3154 01:50:35,240 --> 01:50:36,520 PUBLIC-HEALTH, COMMUNICATIONS, 3155 01:50:36,520 --> 01:50:40,040 EVERYWHERE, IT'S A RACE EQUITY 3156 01:50:40,040 --> 01:50:41,560 GROUNDED IN SOCIAL JUSTICE SO 3157 01:50:41,560 --> 01:50:44,120 CRITICAL RACE THEORIES TOOLS FOR 3158 01:50:44,120 --> 01:50:47,320 RESEARCH WILL DO WHAT? 3159 01:50:47,320 --> 01:50:49,240 ' EXPAND THE VOCABULARY WHICH 3160 01:50:49,240 --> 01:50:50,280 WHICH TO DISCUSSION COMPLEX 3161 01:50:50,280 --> 01:50:52,320 RACIAL CONCEPTS AND THE SAME 3162 01:50:52,320 --> 01:50:54,880 THING THAT PHCRP PURPORTS TO DO. 3163 01:50:54,880 --> 01:50:56,840 WHEN YOU LOOK THE THE PYRAMID TO 3164 01:50:56,840 --> 01:51:00,040 THE RIGHT, WE SEE OVERT WHITE 3165 01:51:00,040 --> 01:51:03,080 SUPREMACY, THOSE ARE THE THINGS 3166 01:51:03,080 --> 01:51:06,000 THAT NO ONE WILL TAKE AND WE 3167 01:51:06,000 --> 01:51:07,800 COVERT WHITE SUPREMACY. 3168 01:51:07,800 --> 01:51:09,280 THIS IS NOT IN YOUR FACE. 3169 01:51:09,280 --> 01:51:11,480 SOME OF THESE THINGS ARE THE 3170 01:51:11,480 --> 01:51:12,920 SYSTEM LEV THINGS, AT PLAY AND 3171 01:51:12,920 --> 01:51:15,280 THAT ARE JUST COVERT AND UNDER 3172 01:51:15,280 --> 01:51:19,880 THE RADAR. 3173 01:51:19,880 --> 01:51:21,160 HISTORICAL TRAUMA THEORY. 3174 01:51:21,160 --> 01:51:23,040 I'LL TALK ABOUT THEORIES WE CAN 3175 01:51:23,040 --> 01:51:24,320 UTILIZE AS RESEARCHERS AS 3176 01:51:24,320 --> 01:51:26,560 COMMUNITY ADD VERY SKITS AND TO 3177 01:51:26,560 --> 01:51:28,120 HELP PUSH THE SCIENCE FORWARD IF 3178 01:51:28,120 --> 01:51:35,720 WE REALLY WANT TO FRAME AND 3179 01:51:35,720 --> 01:51:37,280 SITUATE THE ISMS IN A WAY TO 3180 01:51:37,280 --> 01:51:39,960 UNDERSTAND HOW THINGS ARE THE 3181 01:51:39,960 --> 01:51:40,520 WAY THEY ARE. 3182 01:51:40,520 --> 01:51:43,960 IT'S A COLLECTIVE AND CUMULATIVE 3183 01:51:43,960 --> 01:51:45,440 EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL WOUNDING 3184 01:51:45,440 --> 01:51:47,720 ACROSS GENERATIONS THAT RESULTS 3185 01:51:47,720 --> 01:51:51,040 FROM, LISTEN TO THIS, MASSIVE 3186 01:51:51,040 --> 01:51:51,600 CATACLASMIC EVENTS. 3187 01:51:51,600 --> 01:51:52,880 WE'RE NOT TALK ABOUT JUST EVENT 3188 01:51:52,880 --> 01:51:55,120 OH IT HAPPENED. 3189 01:51:55,120 --> 01:51:56,480 CATALYSE MICK, IT'S MASSIVE, 3190 01:51:56,480 --> 01:51:56,680 RIGHT. 3191 01:51:56,680 --> 01:51:59,880 IT'S HELD IN TRANSMITTED OVER 3192 01:51:59,880 --> 01:52:00,480 GENERATIONS. 3193 01:52:00,480 --> 01:52:03,040 SO WOMEN ARE CARRYING TRAUMA IN 3194 01:52:03,040 --> 01:52:04,920 THEIR WOMB, CARRYING THE TRAUMA 3195 01:52:04,920 --> 01:52:06,120 FROM THEIR FOR MOTHERS, THEY 3196 01:52:06,120 --> 01:52:07,440 DON'T KNOW THESE PEOPLE BUT 3197 01:52:07,440 --> 01:52:08,360 THEY'RE CARRYING THE TRAUMA 3198 01:52:08,360 --> 01:52:09,440 THROUGH GENERATIONS. 3199 01:52:09,440 --> 01:52:10,280 THIS IS A PROBLEM. 3200 01:52:10,280 --> 01:52:11,960 FOLKS WHO NEVER ACTUALLY 3201 01:52:11,960 --> 01:52:13,240 EXPERIENCED THE EVENT FEEL THE 3202 01:52:13,240 --> 01:52:15,160 EFFECTS AND FOLKS WHO HAVE 3203 01:52:15,160 --> 01:52:16,800 BENEFITED FROM THE EFFECTS, FEEL 3204 01:52:16,800 --> 01:52:17,880 THE EFFECTS, RIGHT. 3205 01:52:17,880 --> 01:52:19,680 SO PEOPLE ARE LIKE WHY ARE YOU 3206 01:52:19,680 --> 01:52:21,120 MAD AT ME, I I'M NOT THE ONE 3207 01:52:21,120 --> 01:52:22,000 THAT DID IT. 3208 01:52:22,000 --> 01:52:24,720 WELL YOU ARE BENEFITING FROM 3209 01:52:24,720 --> 01:52:25,800 YOUR FOR FATHERS AND MOTHERS DID 3210 01:52:25,800 --> 01:52:27,480 THAT AND SO NOW, WE HAVE TO SORT 3211 01:52:27,480 --> 01:52:32,280 OF UNTANGLE THOSE REALITIES. 3212 01:52:32,280 --> 01:52:33,480 MANY AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN HAVE 3213 01:52:33,480 --> 01:52:34,920 BEEN SUBJECT TODAY THIS TRAUMA 3214 01:52:34,920 --> 01:52:36,440 IN MANY WAYS SUCH AS BEING KNOWN 3215 01:52:36,440 --> 01:52:38,800 FOR THE MOTHER, LIKE NURTURING 3216 01:52:38,800 --> 01:52:40,080 ROLES, NOT JUST IN THE HOME BUT 3217 01:52:40,080 --> 01:52:42,240 AT THE JOB, I KNOW SOME OF US 3218 01:52:42,240 --> 01:52:44,360 GET THIS ALL THE TIME, BEING THE 3219 01:52:44,360 --> 01:52:49,000 MADE, A MA'AMY A SLAVE, YOUR 3220 01:52:49,000 --> 01:52:50,680 ROLES IN SOCIETY AND AT WORK AND 3221 01:52:50,680 --> 01:52:51,680 IN THE FAMILY. 3222 01:52:51,680 --> 01:52:53,080 IN ADDITION, THREE OTHER AREAS 3223 01:52:53,080 --> 01:52:54,880 AID IN THE THEORY THAT COME TO 3224 01:52:54,880 --> 01:52:55,760 LIE. 3225 01:52:55,760 --> 01:52:57,200 PSYCHOSOCIAL, WE HAVE OUR SOCIAL 3226 01:52:57,200 --> 01:52:58,720 ECOLOGICAL Dr. KRIEGER, AND 3227 01:52:58,720 --> 01:53:00,600 THEN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC 3228 01:53:00,600 --> 01:53:01,680 THEORIES, ALL PLAY PART IN THE 3229 01:53:01,680 --> 01:53:03,760 MAKE UP OF THIS THEORY. 3230 01:53:03,760 --> 01:53:05,440 TRANCE DISCIPLINARYISM, I TRIED 3231 01:53:05,440 --> 01:53:07,360 TO PUT THAT IN THERE AND IT WAS 3232 01:53:07,360 --> 01:53:10,760 RED, IT'S CRITICAL TO MOVING THE 3233 01:53:10,760 --> 01:53:11,680 NEEDLE. 3234 01:53:11,680 --> 01:53:13,120 PSYCHOLOGICAL, MEANS DISEASE TO 3235 01:53:13,120 --> 01:53:15,280 BOTH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL 3236 01:53:15,280 --> 01:53:16,440 STRESS, STEMMING FROM THE SOCIAL 3237 01:53:16,440 --> 01:53:17,800 ENVIRONMENT SO IN THIS 3238 01:53:17,800 --> 01:53:19,080 FRAMEWORK, PSYCHOSOCIAL 3239 01:53:19,080 --> 01:53:21,520 STRESSORS CREATE SUSCEPTIBLE AND 3240 01:53:21,520 --> 01:53:23,680 THEY ARE A PATHOGENIC MECHANISM 3241 01:53:23,680 --> 01:53:25,080 THAT EFFECTS BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 3242 01:53:25,080 --> 01:53:27,560 IN THE BODY SO WE KNOW THIS 3243 01:53:27,560 --> 01:53:29,880 CELLULAR AGING, ALL OF THESE 3244 01:53:29,880 --> 01:53:33,440 THINGS WHEN PEOPLE ARE UNDER 3245 01:53:33,440 --> 01:53:38,280 DURESS, DEEP EPIGENETICS. 3246 01:53:38,280 --> 01:53:40,640 YOU ARE MARKED IN THE WOMB, 3247 01:53:40,640 --> 01:53:42,000 SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL THE MULTI 3248 01:53:42,000 --> 01:53:44,360 LEVEL DYNAMICS IN INTER 3249 01:53:44,360 --> 01:53:47,520 DEPENDENCIES OF PAST PRESENT AND 3250 01:53:47,520 --> 01:53:48,840 LIFE COURSE FACTORS. 3251 01:53:48,840 --> 01:53:50,360 IN DISEASE CAUSATION AND I THINK 3252 01:53:50,360 --> 01:53:53,320 ABOUT MY COLLEAGUE, Dr. 3253 01:53:53,320 --> 01:53:53,920 NATALIE SLOGAN AND MY COURSE 3254 01:53:53,920 --> 01:54:00,600 THINGS AND POLITICAL AND 3255 01:54:00,600 --> 01:54:09,760 ECONOMIC HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN 3256 01:54:09,760 --> 01:54:11,240 THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING HOW AND 3257 01:54:11,240 --> 01:54:12,880 WHY CERTAIN POPULATIONS HAVE A 3258 01:54:12,880 --> 01:54:16,320 HIGHER BURDEN DISEASE THAN 3259 01:54:16,320 --> 01:54:16,560 OTHERS. 3260 01:54:16,560 --> 01:54:18,360 A MARK ROW LEVEL AND FRAMEWORK 3261 01:54:18,360 --> 01:54:19,400 FOR EXAMINING HOW THE LIFE 3262 01:54:19,400 --> 01:54:20,920 COURSE OF A POPULATION EXPOSED 3263 01:54:20,920 --> 01:54:22,600 TO TRAUMA AT A PARTICULAR POINT 3264 01:54:22,600 --> 01:54:24,720 IN TIME COMPARES TO THAT OF 3265 01:54:24,720 --> 01:54:26,640 UNEXPOSED SO WE HAVE EXPOSED, 3266 01:54:26,640 --> 01:54:29,800 UNEXPOSED AND EPI AND THINGS. 3267 01:54:29,800 --> 01:54:31,240 UNDERPINNINGS, MASS TRAUMA 3268 01:54:31,240 --> 01:54:33,120 DELIBERATELY AND SYSTEMATICALLY 3269 01:54:33,120 --> 01:54:35,120 INFLICTED ON A TARGET POPULATION 3270 01:54:35,120 --> 01:54:43,880 BUT DOMINANT POPULATION AND 3271 01:54:43,880 --> 01:54:45,760 ENSLAVEMENT, LAWS THAT PROHIBIT 3272 01:54:45,760 --> 01:54:48,240 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, REPRESSION 3273 01:54:48,240 --> 01:54:51,160 OF CULTURAL EXPRESSION, ALL OF 3274 01:54:51,160 --> 01:54:51,760 THESE THINGS. 3275 01:54:51,760 --> 01:54:53,680 IT'S NOT LIMIT TODAY A SINGLE 3276 01:54:53,680 --> 01:54:55,120 EVENT BUT CONTINUES OVER AN 3277 01:54:55,120 --> 01:54:57,360 EXTENDED PERIOD. 3278 01:54:57,360 --> 01:54:58,920 TRAUMATIC EVENTS ROW VERB RATE 3279 01:54:58,920 --> 01:55:00,000 THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION AND 3280 01:55:00,000 --> 01:55:02,480 CREATE A UNIVERSAL EXPERIENCE OF 3281 01:55:02,480 --> 01:55:03,160 TRAUMA. 3282 01:55:03,160 --> 01:55:04,160 AGAIN, I MIGHT LIVE IN A HOUSE 3283 01:55:04,160 --> 01:55:05,720 THAT THINGS ARE OK BUT I LIVE IN 3284 01:55:05,720 --> 01:55:08,480 AN AREA WHERE WE ARE 3285 01:55:08,480 --> 01:55:08,840 TRAUMATIZED. 3286 01:55:08,840 --> 01:55:09,720 SO WHETHER OR NOT I EXPERIENCE 3287 01:55:09,720 --> 01:55:13,120 THE TRAUMA MYSELF, IT CREATES 3288 01:55:13,120 --> 01:55:14,800 COMMUNITY TRAUMA. 3289 01:55:14,800 --> 01:55:15,960 AND POPULATION TRAUMA. 3290 01:55:15,960 --> 01:55:18,480 AND THE MAGNITUDE OF TRAUMA 3291 01:55:18,480 --> 01:55:19,120 EXPERIENCED DERAILS THE -- THIS 3292 01:55:19,120 --> 01:55:21,480 IS THE PART THAT MAKES IT, IT 3293 01:55:21,480 --> 01:55:23,200 DERAILS THE POPULATION FROM ITS 3294 01:55:23,200 --> 01:55:25,000 NATURAL, WE'RE SUPPOSED TO BE 3295 01:55:25,000 --> 01:55:25,480 GREAT. 3296 01:55:25,480 --> 01:55:27,680 FROM ITS NATURAL PROJECTED HISS 3297 01:55:27,680 --> 01:55:29,320 TORQUAL COURSE, RESULTING IN A 3298 01:55:29,320 --> 01:55:31,240 LEGACY OF PHYSICAL, 3299 01:55:31,240 --> 01:55:32,000 PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND 3300 01:55:32,000 --> 01:55:34,120 ECONOMIC DISPARITIES THAT 3301 01:55:34,120 --> 01:55:35,760 PERSIST ACROSS GENERATIONS. 3302 01:55:35,760 --> 01:55:37,800 THINGS HAVE BEEN DONE THAT I 3303 01:55:37,800 --> 01:55:39,480 DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE UNDOING IT. 3304 01:55:39,480 --> 01:55:40,680 I THINK THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING 3305 01:55:40,680 --> 01:55:47,120 TO DO. 3306 01:55:47,120 --> 01:55:49,560 IT'S INHERENT IN CULTURAL 3307 01:55:49,560 --> 01:55:50,720 TRADITION. 3308 01:55:50,720 --> 01:55:56,520 TRAUMA THEY AR THEY ARE -- IT VALIDATES IN ALIGN 3309 01:55:56,520 --> 01:55:58,800 ITSELF WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND 3310 01:55:58,800 --> 01:56:00,840 EXPLANATORY MODEL OF AFFECTS 3311 01:56:00,840 --> 01:56:01,520 POPULATIONS AND RECOGNIZES 3312 01:56:01,520 --> 01:56:03,200 ISSUES OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND 3313 01:56:03,200 --> 01:56:03,440 AGENCY. 3314 01:56:03,440 --> 01:56:06,280 IT CREATES AN EMOTIONAL AND 3315 01:56:06,280 --> 01:56:08,120 PSYCHOLOGICAL RELEASE FROM BLAME 3316 01:56:08,120 --> 01:56:09,480 AND GUILT ABOUT HEALTH STATUS. 3317 01:56:09,480 --> 01:56:10,560 WHAT ARE YOU DOING WRONG? 3318 01:56:10,560 --> 01:56:12,520 WHY ARE YOU SICK IN IT REMOVES 3319 01:56:12,520 --> 01:56:12,720 THAT. 3320 01:56:12,720 --> 01:56:16,040 I'M PART OF A SYSTEM, RIGHT, 3321 01:56:16,040 --> 01:56:17,800 THAT WE ITERATE AND REINFORCES 3322 01:56:17,800 --> 01:56:19,800 THE STATUS QUO. 3323 01:56:19,800 --> 01:56:21,080 IT EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS AND 3324 01:56:21,080 --> 01:56:22,680 COMMUNITIES TO ADDRESS THE ROOT 3325 01:56:22,680 --> 01:56:24,240 CAUSES OF POOR HEALTH AND ALLOWS 3326 01:56:24,240 --> 01:56:25,880 FOR CAPACITY BUILDING. 3327 01:56:25,880 --> 01:56:27,280 UNIQUE TO CULTURE, COMMUNITY AND 3328 01:56:27,280 --> 01:56:30,320 SOCIAL STRUCTURE. 3329 01:56:30,320 --> 01:56:31,560 CULTURAL BETRAYAL TRAUMA THEORY 3330 01:56:31,560 --> 01:56:33,120 SO TRAUMA VICTIMIZATION HAS 3331 01:56:33,120 --> 01:56:34,880 HARMFUL EFFECTS ON BOTH PHYSICAL 3332 01:56:34,880 --> 01:56:38,160 AND MENTAL HEALTH AND IN A NON 3333 01:56:38,160 --> 01:56:43,920 PATH APOLOGIZINPATH -- IT OFFERS ONE PARAD IGM 3334 01:56:43,920 --> 01:56:45,480 THAT CONCEPTUALIZES ABUSE IN THE 3335 01:56:45,480 --> 01:56:46,080 RELATIONSHIP IT OCCURS. 3336 01:56:46,080 --> 01:56:48,000 THIS IS USED WHEN WE THINK ABOUT 3337 01:56:48,000 --> 01:56:49,960 PARTNER VIOLENCE, BUT WE'RE 3338 01:56:49,960 --> 01:56:51,680 TALKING ABOUT RELATIONAL POWER 3339 01:56:51,680 --> 01:56:52,600 DYNAMICS, RIGHT. 3340 01:56:52,600 --> 01:56:54,560 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 3341 01:56:54,560 --> 01:56:56,520 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE, 3342 01:56:56,520 --> 01:56:58,120 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. 3343 01:56:58,120 --> 01:56:59,640 IT'S POSSIBLE THAT TRAUMA 3344 01:56:59,640 --> 01:57:00,440 OUTCOMES CAN BE FURTHER 3345 01:57:00,440 --> 01:57:02,080 EXPLAINED BY INCORPORATING 3346 01:57:02,080 --> 01:57:05,360 ASPECTS OF THE LARGER 3347 01:57:05,360 --> 01:57:06,440 SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT SO SOME 3348 01:57:06,440 --> 01:57:09,040 MEMBERS OF MINORTIZIED 3349 01:57:09,040 --> 01:57:10,000 POPULATIONS WE HAVE AN INTRA 3350 01:57:10,000 --> 01:57:11,520 CULTURAL TRUST WITH OTHER 3351 01:57:11,520 --> 01:57:12,600 PERCEIVED MINORTIZIED MEMBERS 3352 01:57:12,600 --> 01:57:15,560 THROUGH FUNCTIONING AS A BUFFER 3353 01:57:15,560 --> 01:57:17,200 AGAINST INEQUALITY AND BELIEVES 3354 01:57:17,200 --> 01:57:18,640 MAY BE LIKE TRUST WITHIN 3355 01:57:18,640 --> 01:57:20,040 RELATIONSHIPS AND SO FAR THAT IT 3356 01:57:20,040 --> 01:57:24,280 CREATES A VULNERABILITY FOR THE 3357 01:57:24,280 --> 01:57:28,520 BETRAYAL THAT EFFECTS TRAUMA SEE 3358 01:57:28,520 --> 01:57:28,880 QUELL A. 3359 01:57:28,880 --> 01:57:31,840 IT IS WHAT IS CALLED CULTURAL 3360 01:57:31,840 --> 01:57:41,640 BETRAYAL TRAUMA THEY ARE SEE. 3361 01:57:41,640 --> 01:57:43,840 MISTRUST IS OK, WE KNOW ABOUT 3362 01:57:43,840 --> 01:57:45,560 THIS, I DON'T TRUST YOU, THAT'S 3363 01:57:45,560 --> 01:57:46,080 THAT. 3364 01:57:46,080 --> 01:57:47,640 DISTRUST IS, NO, YOU DID 3365 01:57:47,640 --> 01:57:48,880 SOMETHING TO ME SPECIFICALLY AND 3366 01:57:48,880 --> 01:57:50,160 I DON'T TRUST YOU. 3367 01:57:50,160 --> 01:57:50,400 RIGHT. 3368 01:57:50,400 --> 01:57:51,920 SO WE HAVE TO DIFFERENTIATE 3369 01:57:51,920 --> 01:57:54,640 BETWEEN THOSE TWO THINGS AS 3370 01:57:54,640 --> 01:57:55,320 WELL. 3371 01:57:55,320 --> 01:57:57,080 ANTI OPPRESSIVE PUBLIC-HEALTH 3372 01:57:57,080 --> 01:57:58,720 PRACTICE IS WHAT WE NEED TO 3373 01:57:58,720 --> 01:57:59,320 ENGAGE IN. 3374 01:57:59,320 --> 01:58:01,000 IT'S A FORMER PRACTICE THAT HAS 3375 01:58:01,000 --> 01:58:02,840 RESULTED IN HISTORICAL TRA A SO 3376 01:58:02,840 --> 01:58:04,920 WE'RE BACK AT HISTORICAL TRAUMA. 3377 01:58:04,920 --> 01:58:06,000 WITHIN THE FIELD OF 3378 01:58:06,000 --> 01:58:07,880 PUBLIC-HEALTH, SOCIAL JUSTICE 3379 01:58:07,880 --> 01:58:08,920 ORIENTED PRACTICE HAPPENS IN A 3380 01:58:08,920 --> 01:58:09,760 NUMBER OF WAYS. 3381 01:58:09,760 --> 01:58:12,720 WHICH INCLUDES EDUCATION, 3382 01:58:12,720 --> 01:58:13,880 CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING AMONG 3383 01:58:13,880 --> 01:58:14,760 INVESTIGATORS AND PARTICIPANTS 3384 01:58:14,760 --> 01:58:16,280 AND IT'S NOT JUST US, IT'S THE 3385 01:58:16,280 --> 01:58:18,000 PEOPLE THAT WE WORK WITH. 3386 01:58:18,000 --> 01:58:19,240 DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL JUSTICE 3387 01:58:19,240 --> 01:58:21,760 BASED INTERVENTIONS THAT CENTER 3388 01:58:21,760 --> 01:58:22,960 AROUND FEMINISM AND WOMENNISM, 3389 01:58:22,960 --> 01:58:25,000 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, 3390 01:58:25,000 --> 01:58:27,400 ORGANIZING, POLITICAL ACTIVISM, 3391 01:58:27,400 --> 01:58:30,680 ORGANIZING AROUND POLICY 3392 01:58:30,680 --> 01:58:32,080 CHANGES, WORLD PEACE AND THE 3393 01:58:32,080 --> 01:58:32,600 DEVELOP. 3394 01:58:32,600 --> 01:58:34,120 SOCIAL SYSTEMS BASED ON FAIRNESS 3395 01:58:34,120 --> 01:58:36,600 AND SOCIAL JUSTICE THAT SOUNDS 3396 01:58:36,600 --> 01:58:38,520 POLLYANNA, BUT WE NEED TO START 3397 01:58:38,520 --> 01:58:41,480 WORKING SO THAT WE CAN GET 3398 01:58:41,480 --> 01:58:42,440 THERE, RIGHT. 3399 01:58:42,440 --> 01:58:44,600 NO OPPRESSION. 3400 01:58:44,600 --> 01:58:45,480 ANTI-OPPRESSIVE PUBLIC-HEALTH 3401 01:58:45,480 --> 01:58:46,880 PRACTICE IS A PROMISING AND 3402 01:58:46,880 --> 01:58:48,640 EXCITING APPROACH TO THE 3403 01:58:48,640 --> 01:58:49,360 COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS 3404 01:58:49,360 --> 01:58:51,160 THAT RESULT IN HEALTH 3405 01:58:51,160 --> 01:58:51,600 INEQUITIES. 3406 01:58:51,600 --> 01:58:52,920 IT RECOGNIZES THE CONTEXT OF 3407 01:58:52,920 --> 01:58:54,240 MULTIPLE OPPRESSIONS AND 3408 01:58:54,240 --> 01:58:56,080 RESPONSE TO THE GROWING NEED FOR 3409 01:58:56,080 --> 01:58:57,640 FUNDAMENTAL REORGANIZATION AT 3410 01:58:57,640 --> 01:58:59,520 ALL LEVELS OF SOCIETY SO I THINK 3411 01:58:59,520 --> 01:59:01,280 ABOUT THE SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL 3412 01:59:01,280 --> 01:59:02,320 FRAMEWORK OF ALL THE CIRCLES AND 3413 01:59:02,320 --> 01:59:04,360 ALL OF THE LEVELS OF SEW TIE TEE 3414 01:59:04,360 --> 01:59:08,560 WITHIN THE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY 3415 01:59:08,560 --> 01:59:56,840 SPACE AND -- THIS INCLUDES THE 3416 01:59:56,840 --> 01:59:58,600 PERSPECTIVE OF DIASPORA BLACK 3417 01:59:58,600 --> 02:00:00,480 WOMEN, AFRICAN AMERICAN, 3418 02:00:00,480 --> 02:00:02,880 AFRICAN, AFRO CARIBBEAN, AFRO 3419 02:00:02,880 --> 02:00:03,320 LATINA. 3420 02:00:03,320 --> 02:00:04,880 POST COLONIAL THEORY GIVES 3421 02:00:04,880 --> 02:00:06,680 INSIGHTS INTO THE STRUGGLES OF 3422 02:00:06,680 --> 02:00:07,680 COLONIZED PEOPLE TO RECOVER FROM 3423 02:00:07,680 --> 02:00:09,400 THE EFFECTS OF COLONIZATION 3424 02:00:09,400 --> 02:00:11,320 INCLUDING SLAVERY. 3425 02:00:11,320 --> 02:00:13,120 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION, WAR 3426 02:00:13,120 --> 02:00:14,880 DISEASE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF 3427 02:00:14,880 --> 02:00:17,440 CULTURAL IDENTITY IS 3428 02:00:17,440 --> 02:00:18,720 SPIRITUALALITY AND IF FOR 3429 02:00:18,720 --> 02:00:20,040 GROUNDS THE HISTORY AND CURRENT 3430 02:00:20,040 --> 02:00:21,960 ISSUES CAUSED BY COLONIZATION 3431 02:00:21,960 --> 02:00:23,480 AND THE NEED FOR 3432 02:00:23,480 --> 02:00:24,520 SELF-DETERMINATION AND 3433 02:00:24,520 --> 02:00:25,920 SELF-GOVERNING AND UTILIZING 3434 02:00:25,920 --> 02:00:27,720 CULTURAL WORLD VIEWS AND 3435 02:00:27,720 --> 02:00:30,200 CRITICAL IS IT CENTERS THE 3436 02:00:30,200 --> 02:00:31,640 EXPERIENCESES AND VOICES OF THE 3437 02:00:31,640 --> 02:00:35,840 PEOPLE THAT IT AIMS TO IMPACT. 3438 02:00:35,840 --> 02:00:37,640 HUMAN CENTERED RESEARCH DESIGN. 3439 02:00:37,640 --> 02:00:40,080 WE HAVE CBPR WE KNOW THIS AND 3440 02:00:40,080 --> 02:00:42,800 BOTH PEOPLE CENTERED AND 3441 02:00:42,800 --> 02:00:43,120 COMPLIMENTARY. 3442 02:00:43,120 --> 02:00:44,560 SO WE HAVE NOTION OF EMPOWER. 3443 02:00:44,560 --> 02:00:47,040 , EDUCATION AND CRITICAL 3444 02:00:47,040 --> 02:00:49,320 CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE 70s. 3445 02:00:49,320 --> 02:00:52,000 IT'S INTERESTE CENTERED ON INTENTIONAL 3446 02:00:52,000 --> 02:00:53,320 RELATIONSHIPS AND ACADEMIC AND 3447 02:00:53,320 --> 02:00:54,880 COMMUNITY PARTNERS AND INCLUDES 3448 02:00:54,880 --> 02:00:56,600 CO LEARNING, MUTUAL BENEFITS AND 3449 02:00:56,600 --> 02:00:58,480 LONG-TERM COMMITMENT. 3450 02:00:58,480 --> 02:01:00,720 IT'S A CYCLICAL ITERATIVE 3451 02:01:00,720 --> 02:01:02,280 PROCESS THAT INCLUDES BUILDING 3452 02:01:02,280 --> 02:01:04,400 PARTNERSHIPS, WE KNOW, ENGAGING 3453 02:01:04,400 --> 02:01:05,520 STAKEHOLDERS, COMMUNITY 3454 02:01:05,520 --> 02:01:06,240 ASSESSMENT. 3455 02:01:06,240 --> 02:01:12,400 PROBLEM DEVIL'S AND ALL OF THESE WE'RE NOT JUST ENGAGING 3456 02:01:12,400 --> 02:01:14,080 STAKEHOLDERS OR WORKING WITH 3457 02:01:14,080 --> 02:01:15,240 COMMUNITIES, WE'RE WORKING IN 3458 02:01:15,240 --> 02:01:15,520 COMMUNITIES. 3459 02:01:15,520 --> 02:01:17,280 IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO SAY I WORK 3460 02:01:17,280 --> 02:01:19,720 WITH PARTS OF HAND AND I'LL 3461 02:01:19,720 --> 02:01:20,480 COLLECT DATA AND BEING A SITE 3462 02:01:20,480 --> 02:01:22,480 WHERE I DO MY RESEARCH IS NOT 3463 02:01:22,480 --> 02:01:23,360 WORKING WITHIN THE COMMUNITY. 3464 02:01:23,360 --> 02:01:24,880 WE NEED TO WORK WITH THE PEOPLE. 3465 02:01:24,880 --> 02:01:26,120 THAT INCLUDES A WOMAN AT THE 3466 02:01:26,120 --> 02:01:27,560 FRONT DESK, THAT INCLUDES THE 3467 02:01:27,560 --> 02:01:29,680 PEOPLE, THE WOMAN WHO IS HELPING 3468 02:01:29,680 --> 02:01:31,320 DO THINGS AT THE CENTER OR 3469 02:01:31,320 --> 02:01:34,040 WHATEVER THE ORGANIZATION IS. 3470 02:01:34,040 --> 02:01:37,240 SO WITH HCD, THIS SAY REPEATABLE 3471 02:01:37,240 --> 02:01:38,280 CREATIVE APPROACH TO PROBLEM 3472 02:01:38,280 --> 02:01:39,040 SOLVING THAT BRINGS TOGETHER 3473 02:01:39,040 --> 02:01:41,640 WHAT IS DESIRABLE, FROM OUR 3474 02:01:41,640 --> 02:01:43,280 VIEWPOINT, WITH WHAT IS 3475 02:01:43,280 --> 02:01:44,560 TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE AND 3476 02:01:44,560 --> 02:01:46,320 ECONOMICALLY VIABLE. 3477 02:01:46,320 --> 02:01:48,360 SO WE THINK ABOUT CREATING A CAB 3478 02:01:48,360 --> 02:01:50,720 OF DIVERSE STAKEHOLDERS. 3479 02:01:50,720 --> 02:01:54,400 ADULTS IN YOUTH AND ORGANIZE 3480 02:01:54,400 --> 02:01:56,560 THREE INTERACTIVE COMMUNITY 3481 02:01:56,560 --> 02:01:58,240 FORUMS AND USE HUMAN-CENTERS 3482 02:01:58,240 --> 02:02:00,360 DESIGN ACTIVITIES IT CAN BE 3483 02:02:00,360 --> 02:02:01,560 DRAWING, PHOTO JOURNALLY, 3484 02:02:01,560 --> 02:02:03,120 CONVERSATION STARTERS, TO BETTER 3485 02:02:03,120 --> 02:02:03,680 UNDERSTAND COMMUNITY MEMBERS 3486 02:02:03,680 --> 02:02:05,960 NEEDS AND BARRIERS AND THEN CO 3487 02:02:05,960 --> 02:02:09,040 DE SIGN POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS AND 3488 02:02:09,040 --> 02:02:10,000 INTERVENTIONS TO DOUGH CREASE 3489 02:02:10,000 --> 02:02:12,800 THE OUT AND AND STRENGTHEN THE 3490 02:02:12,800 --> 02:02:14,040 COMMUNITY USING OTHER ACTIVITIES 3491 02:02:14,040 --> 02:02:15,960 LIKE STORY BOARDING. 3492 02:02:15,960 --> 02:02:18,200 IT CAN DEVELOP IDEAS FOR 3493 02:02:18,200 --> 02:02:19,280 IMPLEMENTATION IN A LARGER 3494 02:02:19,280 --> 02:02:24,040 COMMUNITY LEVEL AND CONTEXT. 3495 02:02:24,040 --> 02:02:24,360 STORYTELLING. 3496 02:02:24,360 --> 02:02:26,520 THIS IS THERAPEUTIC MODALITY. 3497 02:02:26,520 --> 02:02:27,960 CENTERS THE EXPERIENCES OF 3498 02:02:27,960 --> 02:02:28,160 WOMEN. 3499 02:02:28,160 --> 02:02:30,320 STORIES WERE TOLD TO CONVEY LIFE 3500 02:02:30,320 --> 02:02:32,120 LESSON, MORALITY AND HOPE AND 3501 02:02:32,120 --> 02:02:34,280 TRADITIONS AND IT'S AN ARTFORM 3502 02:02:34,280 --> 02:02:35,280 THAT TRANSCENDED THROUGH 3503 02:02:35,280 --> 02:02:36,880 GENERATIONS AND DESPITE 3504 02:02:36,880 --> 02:02:38,000 POPULARLY AND IT'S A WAY TO 3505 02:02:38,000 --> 02:02:38,880 CONNECT THE PAST WITH THE 3506 02:02:38,880 --> 02:02:42,040 PRESENT AND THE FUTURE AND 3507 02:02:42,040 --> 02:02:42,600 ENGAGES REMINDS FUTURE 3508 02:02:42,600 --> 02:02:44,040 GENERATIONS OF THEIR PLACE IN 3509 02:02:44,040 --> 02:02:44,280 HISTORY. 3510 02:02:44,280 --> 02:02:46,400 AND I THINK OF FOCUS GROUPS, 3511 02:02:46,400 --> 02:02:48,160 QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT AND ORAL 3512 02:02:48,160 --> 02:02:50,200 HISTORY OF PEOPLE, IT WOULD BE 3513 02:02:50,200 --> 02:02:52,840 WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV. 3514 02:02:52,840 --> 02:02:57,520 SO HOW DO WE CREATE IT DOPE 3515 02:02:57,520 --> 02:02:58,200 PUBLIC-HEALTH FUTURE. 3516 02:02:58,200 --> 02:02:59,040 LET ME SAY DOPE. 3517 02:02:59,040 --> 02:03:00,840 IT'S A WORD THAT IS USED TO 3518 02:03:00,840 --> 02:03:01,680 DESCRIBE JUST ABOUT ANYTHING 3519 02:03:01,680 --> 02:03:03,680 THAT IS GOOD IN LIFE. 3520 02:03:03,680 --> 02:03:06,400 GOOD NEWS, I SAID A SICK TRICK, 3521 02:03:06,400 --> 02:03:07,680 I'M THINKING ABOUT SKATE 3522 02:03:07,680 --> 02:03:08,960 BOARDING, ALL RIGHT 6789 A NICE 3523 02:03:08,960 --> 02:03:11,080 SPORTS CAR, WHATEVER THE THING 3524 02:03:11,080 --> 02:03:12,320 IS IS DOPE. 3525 02:03:12,320 --> 02:03:14,480 ALSO ONE OF THE MOST CASUAL AND 3526 02:03:14,480 --> 02:03:15,640 SATISFYING WORDS IN MODERN 3527 02:03:15,640 --> 02:03:16,000 SLANG. 3528 02:03:16,000 --> 02:03:17,520 IT CAN BE USED TO INTENSITY 3529 02:03:17,520 --> 02:03:19,680 WHERE AS, YOU KNOW, CASUAL, 3530 02:03:19,680 --> 02:03:20,000 THAT'S DOPE. 3531 02:03:20,000 --> 02:03:22,040 OR IT CAN BE LIKE THAT IS SUPER 3532 02:03:22,040 --> 02:03:22,760 HYPE, RIGHT. 3533 02:03:22,760 --> 02:03:24,680 THAT'S MEGA HYPE. 3534 02:03:24,680 --> 02:03:26,080 ANYTHING, IT'S DOPE. 3535 02:03:26,080 --> 02:03:27,280 WINNING HASHTAG WINNING, IT'S A 3536 02:03:27,280 --> 02:03:28,080 GOOD THING. 3537 02:03:28,080 --> 02:03:30,000 HOW DO WE CREATE A DOPE 3538 02:03:30,000 --> 02:03:30,720 PUBLIC-HEALTH FUTURE? 3539 02:03:30,720 --> 02:03:33,000 HOW DO WE GET THERE WITH THIS 3540 02:03:33,000 --> 02:03:34,880 GOODNESS, IT'S A GOOD THING. 3541 02:03:34,880 --> 02:03:35,960 NOTHING ABOUT US WITHOUT US. 3542 02:03:35,960 --> 02:03:37,680 WE NEED TO BE REMINDED AND 3543 02:03:37,680 --> 02:03:38,680 DEMAND THAT PUBLIC-HEALTH 3544 02:03:38,680 --> 02:03:41,320 RESEARCH BE REIN-VISIONED AS 3545 02:03:41,320 --> 02:03:41,480 JOY. 3546 02:03:41,480 --> 02:03:43,000 AND HOPE INFORMED, NOT JUST 3547 02:03:43,000 --> 02:03:43,960 TRAUMA INFORMED. 3548 02:03:43,960 --> 02:03:45,280 WE CAN'T FORGIVE THE TRAUMA 3549 02:03:45,280 --> 02:03:46,080 BECAUSE IT'S THERE. 3550 02:03:46,080 --> 02:03:48,480 BUT WE'VE GOT TO TALK ABOUT SOME 3551 02:03:48,480 --> 02:03:49,760 STRENGTHS THAT WE HAVE GOT. 3552 02:03:49,760 --> 02:03:51,560 NOT JUST RISK BUT RESILIENCE. 3553 02:03:51,560 --> 02:03:56,200 NOT JUST SURVIVING BUT THRIVING. 3554 02:03:56,200 --> 02:03:57,280 DATA COLLECTION AND IN 3555 02:03:57,280 --> 02:03:58,560 INTERVIEWS AND INTERPRETATION, 3556 02:03:58,560 --> 02:04:00,720 AND IMPLICATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, 3557 02:04:00,720 --> 02:04:05,520 ALL OF THESE THINGS. 3558 02:04:05,520 --> 02:04:08,480 SO I WRITE FOR YOUNG GIRLS OF 3559 02:04:08,480 --> 02:04:08,840 COLOR. 3560 02:04:08,840 --> 02:04:10,360 FOR GIRLS WHO DON'T EVEN EXIST 3561 02:04:10,360 --> 02:04:11,680 YET SO THAT THERE'S SOMETHING 3562 02:04:11,680 --> 02:04:13,000 FOR THEM, THERE'S SOMETHING 3563 02:04:13,000 --> 02:04:14,360 THERE FOR THEM WHEN THEY A 3564 02:04:14,360 --> 02:04:14,680 ROUGH. 3565 02:04:14,680 --> 02:04:16,480 THEY'RE NOT EVEN HERE YET. 3566 02:04:16,480 --> 02:04:18,200 BUT I WRITE FOR THOSE GIRLS. 3567 02:04:18,200 --> 02:04:19,960 WE DO RESEARCH FOR THOSE GIRLS. 3568 02:04:19,960 --> 02:04:21,760 WE DON'T RESEARCH FOR THOSE 3569 02:04:21,760 --> 02:04:21,960 WOMEN. 3570 02:04:21,960 --> 02:04:24,000 SO THAT THERE'S SOMETHING HERE 3571 02:04:24,000 --> 02:04:25,680 FOR THEM WHEN THEY A ARRIVE, 3572 02:04:25,680 --> 02:04:27,080 WHATEVER THEY A ARRIVE. 3573 02:04:27,080 --> 02:04:29,440 IN THE RESEARCH SPACE, IN LIFE, 3574 02:04:29,440 --> 02:04:33,160 IN THE COMMUNITY. 3575 02:04:33,160 --> 02:04:34,680 BLACK FEMINISM IS THE KEY TO 3576 02:04:34,680 --> 02:04:35,880 WIDENING THE LENS OF SOCIAL 3577 02:04:35,880 --> 02:04:36,920 JUSTICE TO MITIGATING 3578 02:04:36,920 --> 02:04:39,280 PUBLIC-HEALTH CRISIS, WE'RE IN A 3579 02:04:39,280 --> 02:04:39,640 CRISIS. 3580 02:04:39,640 --> 02:04:41,160 TO HELP EQUITY AND REPRODUCTIVE 3581 02:04:41,160 --> 02:04:43,400 JUSTICE AND YOU SEE THAT LITTLE 3582 02:04:43,400 --> 02:04:44,480 THING THERE, PERIOD. 3583 02:04:44,480 --> 02:04:45,760 THAT'S THE END OF IT. 3584 02:04:45,760 --> 02:04:47,520 WORKING TOGETHER, BECAUSE BLACK 3585 02:04:47,520 --> 02:04:48,160 WOMEN'S HEALTH IS EVERYONE'S 3586 02:04:48,160 --> 02:04:48,960 HEALTH. 3587 02:04:48,960 --> 02:04:51,280 MOVEMENTS SUCH AS ANTI RACISM, 3588 02:04:51,280 --> 02:04:52,400 DECOLLIZATION, DISABILITY 3589 02:04:52,400 --> 02:04:55,120 RIGHTS, LGBTQ IA2S PLUS RIGHTS 3590 02:04:55,120 --> 02:04:56,800 AND CLIMATE JUSTICE. 3591 02:04:56,800 --> 02:04:58,680 ENVIROMENTAL SOCIAL JUSTICE AS 3592 02:04:58,680 --> 02:04:58,920 WELL. 3593 02:04:58,920 --> 02:05:01,200 TO WORK ALONGSIDE MOVEMENTS FOR 3594 02:05:01,200 --> 02:05:02,040 GENDER EQUITY. 3595 02:05:02,040 --> 02:05:03,480 PARTNERSHIPS AND COALITIONS, WE 3596 02:05:03,480 --> 02:05:05,240 LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER. 3597 02:05:05,240 --> 02:05:10,600 AND WE ALL HOLD THE KEY. 3598 02:05:10,600 --> 02:05:15,880 SPEAKING OF REPRODUCTIVE, I KNOW 3599 02:05:15,880 --> 02:05:18,240 I'M NOT SUPPOSED TO DO IT. 3600 02:05:18,240 --> 02:05:19,520 BIRTHING JUSTICE IS A 3601 02:05:19,520 --> 02:05:21,480 DOCUMENTARY THAT WAS WRITTEN BY 3602 02:05:21,480 --> 02:05:22,200 MONIQUE MATTHEWS. 3603 02:05:22,200 --> 02:05:25,240 ONE OF MY SORORITY SISTERS PROD 3604 02:05:25,240 --> 02:05:26,240 IN THE WOMEN IN THE WOMB 3605 02:05:26,240 --> 02:05:27,320 PRODUCTIONS AND THIS IS THE 3606 02:05:27,320 --> 02:05:27,560 WEBSITE. 3607 02:05:27,560 --> 02:05:30,640 YOU HAVE TO DO IS GO THERE. 3608 02:05:30,640 --> 02:05:32,040 IT WAS SHOWN A FEW WEEKS AGO, 3609 02:05:32,040 --> 02:05:35,960 IT'S A PHENOMENAL, PHENOMENAL 3610 02:05:35,960 --> 02:05:38,320 DOCUMENTARY ABOUT MATERNAL, 3611 02:05:38,320 --> 02:05:39,880 BLACK MATERNAL MORTALITY AND 3612 02:05:39,880 --> 02:05:41,720 WHAT WE NEED TO DO IN TERMS OF 3613 02:05:41,720 --> 02:05:42,680 LEGISLATION SO THAT WE CAN 3614 02:05:42,680 --> 02:05:44,080 ACTUALLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON 3615 02:05:44,080 --> 02:05:45,880 WOMEN'S LIVES SO THAT WE DON'T 3616 02:05:45,880 --> 02:05:52,680 SEE WOMEN DYING, EVEN A YEAR OUT 3617 02:05:52,680 --> 02:05:52,960 POSTPARTUM. 3618 02:05:52,960 --> 02:05:54,040 WE HAVE TO BE THE CHANGE WE WANT 3619 02:05:54,040 --> 02:05:54,560 TO SEE. 3620 02:05:54,560 --> 02:05:56,320 IF YOU WANT TO SHOW THE DOCUMENT 3621 02:05:56,320 --> 02:05:57,680 TREE TO YOURSELF, YOUR FAMILY OR 3622 02:05:57,680 --> 02:05:58,840 YOUR COMMUNITY, YOUR 3623 02:05:58,840 --> 02:06:00,480 PARTICIPANTS, YOURSELVES, 3624 02:06:00,480 --> 02:06:02,280 WHATEVER, THEN YOU CAN ACTUALLY 3625 02:06:02,280 --> 02:06:04,480 REQUEST TO SHOW THE DOCUMENTARY 3626 02:06:04,480 --> 02:06:10,920 IF THAT SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD 3627 02:06:10,920 --> 02:06:11,120 LIKE. 3628 02:06:11,120 --> 02:06:12,640 THESE ARE MY ACKNOWLEDGES AND 3629 02:06:12,640 --> 02:06:12,920 REFERENCES. 3630 02:06:12,920 --> 02:06:13,880 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 3631 02:06:13,880 --> 02:06:18,600 MY ANCESTORS, BLACK WOMEN 3632 02:06:18,600 --> 02:06:30,480 EVERYWHERE, MONIQUE MATH US MY MOM THE DOP EST 3633 02:06:30,480 --> 02:06:34,480 BLACK WOMAN THAT I KNOW. 3634 02:06:34,480 --> 02:06:34,960 THANK YOU. 3635 02:06:34,960 --> 02:06:38,440 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, Dr. 3636 02:06:38,440 --> 02:06:38,640 DYER. 3637 02:06:38,640 --> 02:06:40,440 THAT WAS REALLY INSPIRING IF WE 3638 02:06:40,440 --> 02:06:42,080 COULD HAVE ALL THREE OF OUR 3639 02:06:42,080 --> 02:06:43,960 PLENARY SPEAKERS COME ON CAMERA. 3640 02:06:43,960 --> 02:06:48,080 AND WE DO HAVE SOME TIME FOR A 3641 02:06:48,080 --> 02:06:50,040 PANEL DISCUSSION. 3642 02:06:50,040 --> 02:06:51,120 AND WE HAVE RECEIVED LOTS OF 3643 02:06:51,120 --> 02:06:53,840 GREAT QUESTIONS THROUGH THE Q&A 3644 02:06:53,840 --> 02:06:56,120 AND I ENCOURAGE FOLKS TO 3645 02:06:56,120 --> 02:06:57,640 CONTINUE SUBMITTING THOSE 3646 02:06:57,640 --> 02:06:59,080 THROUGH THE FEEDBACK FORM ON 3647 02:06:59,080 --> 02:07:02,480 VIDEO CAST OR IN THE Q&A HERE. 3648 02:07:02,480 --> 02:07:05,120 AND SO, RONNA, DO YOU WANT TO 3649 02:07:05,120 --> 02:07:07,920 TAKE THE FIRST QUESTION. 3650 02:07:07,920 --> 02:07:10,120 >> SURE. 3651 02:07:10,120 --> 02:07:10,600 ABSOLUTELY. 3652 02:07:10,600 --> 02:07:12,120 AND THANK YOU TO ALL THREE OF 3653 02:07:12,120 --> 02:07:14,360 OUR PLENARY SPEAKERS. 3654 02:07:14,360 --> 02:07:18,080 WHAT AN AMAZING GROUP OF TALKS. 3655 02:07:18,080 --> 02:07:21,200 SO LET'S START WITH ONE THAT I 3656 02:07:21,200 --> 02:07:23,000 THINK IS RELEVANT TO ALL THREE 3657 02:07:23,000 --> 02:07:26,160 OF THE TALKS THAT WE HEARD 3658 02:07:26,160 --> 02:07:26,480 TODAY. 3659 02:07:26,480 --> 02:07:28,800 THERE WAS A QUESTION ABOUT 3660 02:07:28,800 --> 02:07:32,480 HISTORIC ALEHISTORICAL EMBODIMENT AND SO 3661 02:07:32,480 --> 02:07:34,280 THIS PERSON WAS WONDERING, WHAT 3662 02:07:34,280 --> 02:07:36,800 YOUR THOUGHTS ARE ABOUT WAYS TO 3663 02:07:36,800 --> 02:07:38,200 STUDY THAT TRANCE GENERATIONAL 3664 02:07:38,200 --> 02:07:42,080 TRAUMA THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH 3665 02:07:42,080 --> 02:07:44,240 RACISM AND SEXISM AND IS 3666 02:07:44,240 --> 02:07:45,680 EMBODIED AT THE INTERSECTION OF 3667 02:07:45,680 --> 02:07:48,160 SEX AND GENDER DYNAMICS. 3668 02:07:48,160 --> 02:07:51,800 AND IN PARTICULAR, THE QUESTION 3669 02:07:51,800 --> 02:07:53,240 WAS INTERESTED IN, YOU KNOW, HOW 3670 02:07:53,240 --> 02:07:55,880 TO STUDY THIS AMONG BLACK OR 3671 02:07:55,880 --> 02:08:00,080 AFRICAN AMERICAN AND INDIGENOUS 3672 02:08:00,080 --> 02:08:02,680 POPULATIONS? 3673 02:08:02,680 --> 02:08:05,480 >> I WOULD BE HAPPY TO SPEAK A 3674 02:08:05,480 --> 02:08:05,720 LITTLE. 3675 02:08:05,720 --> 02:08:07,640 TO THAT QUESTION IF THAT'S 3676 02:08:07,640 --> 02:08:07,920 ACCEPTABLE. 3677 02:08:07,920 --> 02:08:10,000 >> SO, I THINK IT'S REALLY 3678 02:08:10,000 --> 02:08:11,080 IMPORTANT BUILDING ON WHAT WAS 3679 02:08:11,080 --> 02:08:13,400 SAID IN THE OTHER TWO SPEAKERS 3680 02:08:13,400 --> 02:08:15,720 TALKS TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN 3681 02:08:15,720 --> 02:08:17,680 THE HISTORIES THAT SHAPE THE 3682 02:08:17,680 --> 02:08:18,760 CURRENT CONDITIONS OF WHICH 3683 02:08:18,760 --> 02:08:21,040 PEOPLE LIVE AND THE INJUSTICES 3684 02:08:21,040 --> 02:08:23,160 VERSUS THE ASSUMING THAT ALL OF 3685 02:08:23,160 --> 02:08:26,480 THAT IS ACTUALLY INHERITED 3686 02:08:26,480 --> 02:08:27,640 BIOLOGICALLY FROM ONE GENERATION 3687 02:08:27,640 --> 02:08:29,920 TO THE NEXT IN TERM OF ACTUAL 3688 02:08:29,920 --> 02:08:31,280 GENETIC MATERIAL AND WHAT'S IN 3689 02:08:31,280 --> 02:08:33,640 THE PROVERBIAL EGGS AND SPERM. 3690 02:08:33,640 --> 02:08:35,720 I THINK THAT THERE'S A LOT OF 3691 02:08:35,720 --> 02:08:37,640 WORK IN EP DEGENETICS NOW, I'M 3692 02:08:37,640 --> 02:08:39,880 ENGAGE IN SOME WORK AND I THINK 3693 02:08:39,880 --> 02:08:41,040 IT'S REALLY CRITICAL TO 3694 02:08:41,040 --> 02:08:41,920 UNDERSTAND THERE'S A DIFFERENCE, 3695 02:08:41,920 --> 02:08:44,800 WHEN A CELL, A BODY CELL 3696 02:08:44,800 --> 02:08:46,560 REPLICATES AND MAKES ONE LIVER 3697 02:08:46,560 --> 02:08:48,480 CELL BECOMES THE NEXT LIVER CELL 3698 02:08:48,480 --> 02:08:50,360 IT STAYS A LIVER CELL. 3699 02:08:50,360 --> 02:08:52,280 IT'S CONTROL OF THE EXPRESSION 3700 02:08:52,280 --> 02:08:53,840 OF WHICH GENES THAT KEEP IT A 3701 02:08:53,840 --> 02:08:55,360 LIVER CELL AND NOT BECOMING 3702 02:08:55,360 --> 02:08:57,600 SOMETHING ELSE, UNFORTUNATELY, 3703 02:08:57,600 --> 02:08:58,720 ESPECIALLY IF YOU DO SOMETHING 3704 02:08:58,720 --> 02:08:59,840 LIKE GET CANCER. 3705 02:08:59,840 --> 02:09:00,880 THAT'S REALLY DIFFERENT THAN 3706 02:09:00,880 --> 02:09:02,800 WHAT HAPPENS IN MYOSIS AND 3707 02:09:02,800 --> 02:09:05,800 MYOSIS, THERE'S A REAL -- THAT'S 3708 02:09:05,800 --> 02:09:10,280 VERY CAREFUL TO HAVE ACTUALLY 3709 02:09:10,280 --> 02:09:11,560 ALL OF THE CHROMOSOME, IT CUTS 3710 02:09:11,560 --> 02:09:13,600 OFF FROM THE DNA IN THE SPERM 3711 02:09:13,600 --> 02:09:15,480 AND THE EGG AND IT'S VERY 3712 02:09:15,480 --> 02:09:16,680 UNLIKELY THERE'S A EVIDENCE THAT 3713 02:09:16,680 --> 02:09:19,400 IS PRETTY WEAK THAT THERE'S 3714 02:09:19,400 --> 02:09:22,480 DIRECT EPI GENETIC INHERITANCE 3715 02:09:22,480 --> 02:09:28,880 THROUGH WHAT HAPPENS WITH GEMES. 3716 02:09:28,880 --> 02:09:30,520 BEING A GUEST TATING ORGANISM IS 3717 02:09:30,520 --> 02:09:32,520 NOT SUBJECT TO THE CONTINUES IN 3718 02:09:32,520 --> 02:09:34,920 WHICH THAT PERSON OR BEAK IS 3719 02:09:34,920 --> 02:09:36,280 GUESS TATING, WHATEVER THE 3720 02:09:36,280 --> 02:09:37,040 SPECIES IS. 3721 02:09:37,040 --> 02:09:38,320 SO YOU HAVE A CONDITION WHERE 3722 02:09:38,320 --> 02:09:42,200 THE PERSON WHO IS PREGNANT HAS 3723 02:09:42,200 --> 02:09:44,360 EXHIBITED AND IS UNDER DURESS 3724 02:09:44,360 --> 02:09:46,640 HAS EXPERIENCE KINDS OF BAD 3725 02:09:46,640 --> 02:09:48,280 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS, 3726 02:09:48,280 --> 02:09:50,120 THOSE CAN DIRECTLY AFFECT THE 3727 02:09:50,120 --> 02:09:51,520 PREGNANCY AND WHAT HAPPENS, BUT 3728 02:09:51,520 --> 02:09:53,880 THAT IS NOT THE SAME AS GENETIC 3729 02:09:53,880 --> 02:09:55,200 INHERITANCE SO I THINK IT'S 3730 02:09:55,200 --> 02:09:56,840 REALLY PORT ANTS TO GET BACK TO 3731 02:09:56,840 --> 02:09:58,480 WHAT IS SOCIAL INTERRANCE AND 3732 02:09:58,480 --> 02:10:05,680 WHAT IS ACTUALLY BIOLOGICAL 3733 02:10:05,680 --> 02:10:07,040 INTER ITSANCE, HAVING SAID THAT, 3734 02:10:07,040 --> 02:10:08,960 WHAT IS IMPORTANT IS TO 3735 02:10:08,960 --> 02:10:11,480 UNDERSTAND THE COMPOUNDING OF 3736 02:10:11,480 --> 02:10:12,120 HISTORICAL INEQUITY. 3737 02:10:12,120 --> 02:10:13,600 YOU HAVE A POPULATION THAT WAS 3738 02:10:13,600 --> 02:10:16,080 MADE TO PROVIDE LABOR FOR FREE 3739 02:10:16,080 --> 02:10:17,640 THROUGH ENSLAVEMENT OR 3740 02:10:17,640 --> 02:10:18,960 DISPOSSESSION FROM THEIR LANDS 3741 02:10:18,960 --> 02:10:21,120 THAT HAS STRUCTURING OF 3742 02:10:21,120 --> 02:10:22,960 POSSIBILITIES FOR WEALTH AND 3743 02:10:22,960 --> 02:10:25,120 DEPRIVATION AND OPPRESSION AND 3744 02:10:25,120 --> 02:10:27,760 HARM ACROSS GENERATIONS, EACH OF 3745 02:10:27,760 --> 02:10:30,320 THOSE MOMENTS WILL EFFECT THE 3746 02:10:30,320 --> 02:10:31,640 BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS THAT 3747 02:10:31,640 --> 02:10:32,840 CONCEIVE AND GROW UP IN THOSE 3748 02:10:32,840 --> 02:10:35,680 MOMENTS BUT IT'S NOT DIRECT 3749 02:10:35,680 --> 02:10:36,600 INTER DISTANCE. 3750 02:10:36,600 --> 02:10:39,520 SO IN GERMS OF GERM LINE 3751 02:10:39,520 --> 02:10:41,800 INHERITANCE SO IT'S CLEAR IN THE 3752 02:10:41,800 --> 02:10:42,640 DISTINCTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THAT 3753 02:10:42,640 --> 02:10:44,160 IS WHAT THE POWER IS OF 3754 02:10:44,160 --> 02:10:45,600 FRAMEWORK OF EMBODIMENT. 3755 02:10:45,600 --> 02:10:47,680 OF UNDERSTANDING THAT THAT BEING 3756 02:10:47,680 --> 02:10:50,000 AT THAT MOMENT WHETHER IT'S 3757 02:10:50,000 --> 02:10:51,680 GUESS TATING OR GROWING, WHETHER 3758 02:10:51,680 --> 02:10:53,320 IT SURVIVES WITH PREGNANCY AND 3759 02:10:53,320 --> 02:10:55,080 WHETHER ET CETERA, ET CETERA, IT 3760 02:10:55,080 --> 02:10:58,600 WILL EMBODY THE SOCIETAL CONTEXT 3761 02:10:58,600 --> 02:10:59,800 INTO WHICH IT'S BORN WHICH IS 3762 02:10:59,800 --> 02:11:02,640 THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT BUT TO 3763 02:11:02,640 --> 02:11:04,160 KEEP THAT DISTINCT FROM THINKING 3764 02:11:04,160 --> 02:11:07,600 IT'S DIRECT INHERITED GERM LINE 3765 02:11:07,600 --> 02:11:08,400 INHERITED BECAUSE IT'S PROBABLY 3766 02:11:08,400 --> 02:11:10,520 NOT ACCURATE. 3767 02:11:10,520 --> 02:11:12,440 AND THERE'S SUCH A LONG HISTORY 3768 02:11:12,440 --> 02:11:14,880 OF WANTING TO HAVE A FRAMING 3769 02:11:14,880 --> 02:11:18,480 THAT COMES OUT OF RACIST 3770 02:11:18,480 --> 02:11:21,480 SCIENCE, SEXIST SCIENCE THAT IS 3771 02:11:21,480 --> 02:11:22,080 ESSENTIALIST THAT ASSUMES THAT 3772 02:11:22,080 --> 02:11:23,360 PEOPLE ARE FUNDAMENTALLY AND 3773 02:11:23,360 --> 02:11:25,400 OTHER ORGANISMS TOO, WHAT THEIR 3774 02:11:25,400 --> 02:11:27,480 GENES ARE AND THAT IS THE 3775 02:11:27,480 --> 02:11:28,880 INHERITANCE THAT MATTERS AND 3776 02:11:28,880 --> 02:11:30,640 THAT COMPLETELY AGAIN MISSES THE 3777 02:11:30,640 --> 02:11:32,440 POINT THAT WE'RE ALWAYS 3778 02:11:32,440 --> 02:11:34,200 INTRINSICALLY INHERENTLY EMERGE 3779 02:11:34,200 --> 02:11:36,080 ENTER IN BODY PHENOTYPES, THAT'S 3780 02:11:36,080 --> 02:11:38,560 THE ONLY WAY WE CAN EXIST. 3781 02:11:38,560 --> 02:11:41,680 >> THANK YOU, Dr. KRIEGER. 3782 02:11:41,680 --> 02:11:43,440 Dr. DYER -- 3783 02:11:43,440 --> 02:11:44,880 >> I HAVE NOTHING TO A I WAS 3784 02:11:44,880 --> 02:11:47,280 JUST GOING TO SORT OF ADD TO 3785 02:11:47,280 --> 02:11:50,480 THAT IN TERMS OF WHAT Dr. 3786 02:11:50,480 --> 02:11:51,680 KRIEGER WAS SAYING IN TERMS OF 3787 02:11:51,680 --> 02:11:53,200 THE EMBODIMENT OF THESE 3788 02:11:53,200 --> 02:11:55,960 EXPERIENCES IS ALSO HAVING AN 3789 02:11:55,960 --> 02:11:56,800 UNDERSTANDING THAT THE 3790 02:11:56,800 --> 02:11:58,240 EXPERIENCES VARY, RIGHT. 3791 02:11:58,240 --> 02:12:00,680 AND SO, MY EXPERIENCE, YOU KNOW, 3792 02:12:00,680 --> 02:12:03,440 AS A BLACK WOMAN WHO IS A 3793 02:12:03,440 --> 02:12:04,400 DESCENDANT OF SLAVES, ET CETERA, 3794 02:12:04,400 --> 02:12:06,000 ET CETERA, PROBABLY LOOKS A LOT 3795 02:12:06,000 --> 02:12:08,080 DIFFERENT FROM SOMEONE WHO IS 3796 02:12:08,080 --> 02:12:10,680 JUST, AGAIN, THERE'S VARIANCE, 3797 02:12:10,680 --> 02:12:12,480 RIGHT, WITHIN THE RACIAL SPACE. 3798 02:12:12,480 --> 02:12:15,160 RIGHT AND SO I THINK WHEN WE'RE 3799 02:12:15,160 --> 02:12:19,800 THINKING ABOUT THE WAYS THAT 3800 02:12:19,800 --> 02:12:21,200 THESE STRUCTURAL SORT OF 3801 02:12:21,200 --> 02:12:22,480 MANIFESTATIONS OF RACISM AND 3802 02:12:22,480 --> 02:12:24,280 SEXISM AND CLASSISM AND ALL 3803 02:12:24,280 --> 02:12:25,680 THESISMS, THE IMPACT THAT THEY 3804 02:12:25,680 --> 02:12:27,600 HAVE ON INDIVIDUALS LIVES IF YOU 3805 02:12:27,600 --> 02:12:30,960 THINK ABOUT FROM A COMMUNITY 3806 02:12:30,960 --> 02:12:32,040 PERSPECTIVE, THERE'S VARIANCE SO 3807 02:12:32,040 --> 02:12:33,680 IT'S NOT A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL AND 3808 02:12:33,680 --> 02:12:37,280 I THINK THAT Dr. KRIEGER WAS 3809 02:12:37,280 --> 02:12:38,600 SAYING, MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND 3810 02:12:38,600 --> 02:12:40,960 THERE'S THE BIOLOGICAL AND THE 3811 02:12:40,960 --> 02:12:42,160 SOCIAL MANIFESTATION AND THE 3812 02:12:42,160 --> 02:12:43,920 SOCIAL EMBODY OFMENT OF THINGS 3813 02:12:43,920 --> 02:12:45,240 AND THAT THAT MEANS IN TERMS OF 3814 02:12:45,240 --> 02:12:47,040 WHAT IT IS THAT WE SEE IN THE 3815 02:12:47,040 --> 02:12:48,800 DATA AND WHAT WE SEE WHEN WE'RE 3816 02:12:48,800 --> 02:12:51,760 ASKING PEOPLE TO TELL US ABOUT 3817 02:12:51,760 --> 02:12:54,800 THEIR HISTORY OF YOU KNOW, 3818 02:12:54,800 --> 02:12:55,840 WHATEVER TREATMENT IN THE 3819 02:12:55,840 --> 02:12:57,000 HEALTHCARE SETTING OR WHATEVER 3820 02:12:57,000 --> 02:12:58,560 THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES ARE, ET 3821 02:12:58,560 --> 02:12:59,240 CETERA, ET CETERA. 3822 02:12:59,240 --> 02:13:01,560 SO JUST UNDERSTANDING THAT AND 3823 02:13:01,560 --> 02:13:03,040 IT'S NOT JUST ONE THING AND YOU 3824 02:13:03,040 --> 02:13:04,920 APPLY IT LIKE THAT, IT'S AN 3825 02:13:04,920 --> 02:13:06,640 UNDERRING OF IT'S APPLICABILITY 3826 02:13:06,640 --> 02:13:07,800 AND THE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT YOU 3827 02:13:07,800 --> 02:13:10,680 CAN APPLY IT IN THE RESEARCH 3828 02:13:10,680 --> 02:13:16,440 SPHERE AND ALSO IN TERMS OF YOUR 3829 02:13:16,440 --> 02:13:16,680 PRACTICE. 3830 02:13:16,680 --> 02:13:19,960 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 3831 02:13:19,960 --> 02:13:23,520 SO, THERE'S ALSO A THEMATIC 3832 02:13:23,520 --> 02:13:26,000 QUESTION AND IT WAS SPECIFICALLY 3833 02:13:26,000 --> 02:13:29,960 FOR Dr. HOMAN YOU CAN ANSWER 3834 02:13:29,960 --> 02:13:31,880 BUT THINK I IT MIGHT APPLY TO 3835 02:13:31,880 --> 02:13:33,080 BOTH OF YOUR TALKS WHICH WAS 3836 02:13:33,080 --> 02:13:37,480 THANK YOU FOR JUST SUCH A GREAT 3837 02:13:37,480 --> 02:13:38,440 OVERVIEW AND ASKING WHAT ARE 3838 02:13:38,440 --> 02:13:40,080 YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEOPLE 3839 02:13:40,080 --> 02:13:42,360 WHO WANT TO GET INTO THIS TYPE 3840 02:13:42,360 --> 02:13:46,720 OF GENDER ORIENTED RESEARCH BUT 3841 02:13:46,720 --> 02:13:48,480 CAN'T GET ANOTHER DOCTORAL 3842 02:13:48,480 --> 02:13:49,560 DEGREE? 3843 02:13:49,560 --> 02:13:50,880 JUST SOME TOOLS AND RESOURCES 3844 02:13:50,880 --> 02:13:53,800 THAT ANY OF YOU CAN RECOMMEND, 3845 02:13:53,800 --> 02:13:55,920 SPECIFIC TO EACH OF YOUR TALKS 3846 02:13:55,920 --> 02:13:58,240 AND THE FOCUS OF EACH OF YOUR 3847 02:13:58,240 --> 02:14:00,360 TALKS THAT MIGHT HELP FOLKS WHO 3848 02:14:00,360 --> 02:14:03,520 ARE PARTICIPATING TODAY BE ABLE 3849 02:14:03,520 --> 02:14:05,160 TO MOVE INTO INCORPORATING SOME 3850 02:14:05,160 --> 02:14:07,160 OF THE REALLY IMPORTANT 3851 02:14:07,160 --> 02:14:08,600 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT YOU EACH 3852 02:14:08,600 --> 02:14:09,480 HAVE MADE. 3853 02:14:09,480 --> 02:14:12,120 SO Dr. HOMAN IF YOU WANT TO 3854 02:14:12,120 --> 02:14:13,880 START THAT, WOULD BE GREAT. 3855 02:14:13,880 --> 02:14:15,200 >> SURE. 3856 02:14:15,200 --> 02:14:17,840 ACTUALLY LET ME START QUICKLY BY 3857 02:14:17,840 --> 02:14:18,880 ADDING TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION 3858 02:14:18,880 --> 02:14:20,800 ABOUT JUST HOW MIGHT WE STUDY 3859 02:14:20,800 --> 02:14:22,560 INTER GENERATIONAL TRAUMA, LIKE 3860 02:14:22,560 --> 02:14:26,440 AS APPLIED TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM, 3861 02:14:26,440 --> 02:14:28,160 PERHAPS, I CAN THINK OF TWO WAYS 3862 02:14:28,160 --> 02:14:30,160 WHERE I MIGHT APPLY IT IN MY OWN 3863 02:14:30,160 --> 02:14:32,480 WORK AS A QUANTITIVE HEALTH 3864 02:14:32,480 --> 02:14:34,720 DISPARITIES SCHOLAR SO FIRST OF 3865 02:14:34,720 --> 02:14:36,600 ALL, WE HAVE NOT LOOKED AT THE 3866 02:14:36,600 --> 02:14:39,080 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STRUCTURAL 3867 02:14:39,080 --> 02:14:41,680 SEXISM AND MANY BIRTH OUTCOMES. 3868 02:14:41,680 --> 02:14:42,960 THAT CAN AFFECT PEOPLE THROUGH 3869 02:14:42,960 --> 02:14:44,640 OUT THEIR WHOLE LIVES SO PRE 3870 02:14:44,640 --> 02:14:48,640 TERM BIRTH, NICU STAY, WE DO 3871 02:14:48,640 --> 02:14:50,280 KNOW, EVEN THOSE ASSOCIATIONS 3872 02:14:50,280 --> 02:14:51,680 YET SO THAT'S SORT OF ONE WAY 3873 02:14:51,680 --> 02:14:54,640 WHERE I SEE INTER GENERATIONAL 3874 02:14:54,640 --> 02:14:57,640 ISSUES AND THEN ALSO THERE ARE 3875 02:14:57,640 --> 02:14:59,080 DATASETS THAT HAVE PARENTS AND 3876 02:14:59,080 --> 02:15:02,360 CHILDREN IN THEM SO WE CAN LOOK 3877 02:15:02,360 --> 02:15:04,480 AT IS THERE A CORRELATION 3878 02:15:04,480 --> 02:15:06,600 BETWEEN THE KINDS OF SEXISM IN 3879 02:15:06,600 --> 02:15:09,280 THE ENVIRONMENTS THAT MOMS OR 3880 02:15:09,280 --> 02:15:10,920 DADS ARE EXPERIENCING AND WHAT 3881 02:15:10,920 --> 02:15:12,720 THEIR CHILDREN ARE SUBJECT TO 3882 02:15:12,720 --> 02:15:15,200 WHETHER IT'S SORT OF THE NORMS 3883 02:15:15,200 --> 02:15:16,880 AND BELIEFS THAT THE INDIVIDUAL 3884 02:15:16,880 --> 02:15:18,200 LEVEL OR WHETHER IT'S THE 3885 02:15:18,200 --> 02:15:19,400 INSTITUTIONS OR MARRIAGES THAT 3886 02:15:19,400 --> 02:15:20,640 THEY'RE A PART OF SO FOR 3887 02:15:20,640 --> 02:15:23,080 EXAMPLE, THE NLSY HAS A PARENT 3888 02:15:23,080 --> 02:15:24,640 AND A CHILD STUDY AND THAT'S 3889 02:15:24,640 --> 02:15:26,200 SOMETHING THAT COULD BE LOOKED 3890 02:15:26,200 --> 02:15:27,040 AT THERE. 3891 02:15:27,040 --> 02:15:29,440 IN TERMS OF RESOURCES FOR 3892 02:15:29,440 --> 02:15:30,680 GETTING INTO THIS KIND OF WORK 3893 02:15:30,680 --> 02:15:37,080 FOR FOLKS WHO ARE NEW, MY WOULD 3894 02:15:37,080 --> 02:15:41,680 SAY THAT IN ANY AREA THE BODY OF 3895 02:15:41,680 --> 02:15:42,440 RESEARCH IS SMALL. 3896 02:15:42,440 --> 02:15:44,080 IT'S NOT THAT OVERWHELMING. 3897 02:15:44,080 --> 02:15:46,080 LOOKING AT THE CITATION THIS IS 3898 02:15:46,080 --> 02:15:47,760 MY SLIDES IF I CAN SHARE THOSE 3899 02:15:47,760 --> 02:15:49,760 SOMEHOW, THOSE ARE A SUMMARY OF 3900 02:15:49,760 --> 02:15:51,760 LIKE, ALL THE MAJOR RECENT WORK 3901 02:15:51,760 --> 02:15:53,560 THAT SPECIFICALLY TAKES THIS 3902 02:15:53,560 --> 02:15:54,880 SORT OF STATE LEVEL IN 3903 02:15:54,880 --> 02:15:55,960 PARTICULAR, STRUCTURAL SEXISM 3904 02:15:55,960 --> 02:15:57,720 AND HEALTH PERSPECTIVE, SO I 3905 02:15:57,720 --> 02:15:59,160 THINK THAT'S A GOOD PLACE TO 3906 02:15:59,160 --> 02:16:01,680 START AND IT'S JUST LIKE 3907 02:16:01,680 --> 02:16:05,880 SURVEYING THOSE THAT GROUP OF 3908 02:16:05,880 --> 02:16:06,120 RESEARCH. 3909 02:16:06,120 --> 02:16:07,560 AND THEN OTHER THAN THAT, LIKE I 3910 02:16:07,560 --> 02:16:15,200 SAID, I HOPE THAT WE CAN DEVELOP 3911 02:16:15,200 --> 02:16:16,400 PUBLIC DATA RESOURCES THAT 3912 02:16:16,400 --> 02:16:17,800 ANYONE CAN ACCESS TO DO THIS 3913 02:16:17,800 --> 02:16:26,640 TYPE OF RESEARCH. 3914 02:16:26,640 --> 02:16:29,160 >> Dr. KRIEGER OR Dr. DYER. 3915 02:16:29,160 --> 02:16:30,360 NIPPING YOU WOULD LIKE TO ADD ON 3916 02:16:30,360 --> 02:16:32,760 THAT QUESTION ABOUT HOW FOLKS 3917 02:16:32,760 --> 02:16:35,840 MAY BE ALREADY ESTABLISHED IN 3918 02:16:35,840 --> 02:16:45,080 THIS CAREERS CA CARR CAREER CAN TAKE A PAG E 3919 02:16:45,080 --> 02:16:45,400 YOUR PLAYBOOK. 3920 02:16:45,400 --> 02:16:49,520 >> I WAS JUST GOING TO SAY LIKE, 3921 02:16:49,520 --> 02:16:51,320 I ALWAYS TELL PEOPLE IT'S AN 3922 02:16:51,320 --> 02:16:52,240 INTERESTING THING BECAUSE I 3923 02:16:52,240 --> 02:16:55,200 OFTEN FEEL THE SAME WAY LIKE, AM 3924 02:16:55,200 --> 02:16:57,000 I A SO AND SO RESEARCHER NOW 3925 02:16:57,000 --> 02:16:59,160 BECAUSE I DID THE ONE THING ONE 3926 02:16:59,160 --> 02:16:59,360 TIME. 3927 02:16:59,360 --> 02:17:01,240 YOU KNOW, SO THERE ARE A LOT OF, 3928 02:17:01,240 --> 02:17:02,120 I DON'T KNOW WHERE YOU ARE IN 3929 02:17:02,120 --> 02:17:05,280 YOUR CAREER SO FUR LIKE KIND OF 3930 02:17:05,280 --> 02:17:15,880 LATE-STAGE CREELATE-STAGE CAREER CAREER TH AT ARE 3931 02:17:15,880 --> 02:17:16,080 OFFERED. 3932 02:17:16,080 --> 02:17:18,920 WHERE MAYBE YOU CAN GET LIKE 3933 02:17:18,920 --> 02:17:19,480 MENTORSHIP AND I DON'T KNOW 3934 02:17:19,480 --> 02:17:22,240 WHERE YOU ARE IN YOUR CAREER, 3935 02:17:22,240 --> 02:17:22,640 HOWEVER. 3936 02:17:22,640 --> 02:17:27,000 BUT THOSE ARE OFTEN TIMES USEFUL 3937 02:17:27,000 --> 02:17:31,440 FOR FOLKS WHO MIGHT WANT TO DO A 3938 02:17:31,440 --> 02:17:33,560 MID-STAGE KIND OF SWITCH OR JUST 3939 02:17:33,560 --> 02:17:35,040 KIND OF ADD TO THEIR BODY OF 3940 02:17:35,040 --> 02:17:36,080 RESEARCH IF THEY'RE NOW 3941 02:17:36,080 --> 02:17:37,160 INTERESTED IN PULLING IN 3942 02:17:37,160 --> 02:17:39,280 SOMETHING MORE RELATED TO GENDER 3943 02:17:39,280 --> 02:17:44,240 OR SEXUAL GENDER, MINORTIZIED 3944 02:17:44,240 --> 02:17:47,480 POPULATION AND THEN JUST FOR 3945 02:17:47,480 --> 02:17:48,680 EVEN JUST REACHING OUT. 3946 02:17:48,680 --> 02:17:50,560 I THINK THAT WORKSHOPS LIKE 3947 02:17:50,560 --> 02:17:52,200 THIS, ARE WHAT THEY ARE FOR A 3948 02:17:52,200 --> 02:17:53,800 REASON, RIGHT SOLVE THAT CAN YOU 3949 02:17:53,800 --> 02:17:56,120 GET SOME UNDERSTANDING OF OK 3950 02:17:56,120 --> 02:18:03,040 THIS THIS IS THE BODY OF WORK 3951 02:18:03,040 --> 02:18:14,000 AND AND ANY PUBLIC USE DATASETS 3952 02:18:14,000 --> 02:18:17,080 WHERE YOU SAY I'M LOOKING AT 3953 02:18:17,080 --> 02:18:18,680 SOME MANU CRIST AND WAYS TO 3954 02:18:18,680 --> 02:18:19,760 BETTER MEASURE SOMETHING OR 3955 02:18:19,760 --> 02:18:21,320 OTHER AND THEN THAT MIGHT START 3956 02:18:21,320 --> 02:18:25,680 SORT OF THE BALL ROLLING WITH 3957 02:18:25,680 --> 02:18:27,000 RESPECT TO THIS PARTICULAR AREAS 3958 02:18:27,000 --> 02:18:29,160 OF RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD. 3959 02:18:29,160 --> 02:18:31,880 AND THEN OF COURSE, 3960 02:18:31,880 --> 02:18:35,080 COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AS WELL. 3961 02:18:35,080 --> 02:18:36,680 I WOULD OFFER BUILDING ON THE 3962 02:18:36,680 --> 02:18:37,880 PRIOR COMMENTS, I WOULD OFFER 3963 02:18:37,880 --> 02:18:39,840 TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF 3964 02:18:39,840 --> 02:18:40,640 SUGGESTIONS. 3965 02:18:40,640 --> 02:18:43,760 SO THE FIRST IS, IT'S CRITICAL 3966 02:18:43,760 --> 02:18:44,680 TO SITUATE ONCE SELF SOCIALLY 3967 02:18:44,680 --> 02:18:45,600 AND HISTORICALLY. 3968 02:18:45,600 --> 02:18:46,680 SO YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHO 3969 02:18:46,680 --> 02:18:49,280 YOU ARE IN YOUR SOCIETY, IN 3970 02:18:49,280 --> 02:18:51,720 TERMS OF POSITIONS OF PRIVILEGE, 3971 02:18:51,720 --> 02:18:53,920 POSITIONS OF NOT PRIVILEGE, AND 3972 02:18:53,920 --> 02:18:58,320 IN TERMS OF THEY'RE FOLLOWED ACKNOWLEDGED 3973 02:18:58,320 --> 02:18:59,400 NETWORKS TO ASK THE QUESTIONS 3974 02:18:59,400 --> 02:19:00,560 THAT YOU ARE INTERESTED IN 3975 02:19:00,560 --> 02:19:01,200 ASKING. 3976 02:19:01,200 --> 02:19:02,360 SO THERE'S NO QUESTIONS THAT ARE 3977 02:19:02,360 --> 02:19:05,200 BEING ASKED FROM SOME HAVE YOU 3978 02:19:05,200 --> 02:19:07,280 FROM NOWHERE IT'S ALWAYS FROM 3979 02:19:07,280 --> 02:19:07,560 SOMEWHERE. 3980 02:19:07,560 --> 02:19:09,480 AND YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND YOUR 3981 02:19:09,480 --> 02:19:10,720 SITUATED WITHIN THAT SECONDLY 3982 02:19:10,720 --> 02:19:14,040 YOU ALSO ALWAYS NEED TO THINK 3983 02:19:14,040 --> 02:19:15,560 WHO SHOULD DO WHAT GIVEN THE 3984 02:19:15,560 --> 02:19:16,760 RESEARCH YOU TO DO MAKE A 3985 02:19:16,760 --> 02:19:26,840 DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD. 3986 02:19:26,840 --> 02:19:28,920 THERE ARE PEOPLE REALLY IN MIND, 3987 02:19:28,920 --> 02:19:30,080 REORGANIZATIONS AND REAL PEOPLE 3988 02:19:30,080 --> 02:19:31,520 THAT CAN USE THE INFORMATION, 3989 02:19:31,520 --> 02:19:32,840 THE NEW KNOWLEDGE BEING 3990 02:19:32,840 --> 02:19:34,240 GENERATED BECAUSE PRESUMABLY 3991 02:19:34,240 --> 02:19:36,640 THIS IS IDENTIFYING, AND 3992 02:19:36,640 --> 02:19:37,680 RESOLVING KNOWLEDGE GAPS OR 3993 02:19:37,680 --> 02:19:40,640 TESTINTESTING AND RETESTING IN THE 3994 02:19:40,640 --> 02:19:42,760 SPIRIT OF REPLICATION IS THE 3995 02:19:42,760 --> 02:19:46,200 KNOWLEDGE VALID, DOES IT WORK IN 3996 02:19:46,200 --> 02:19:46,800 DIFFERENT GROUPS? 3997 02:19:46,800 --> 02:19:47,480 THAT'S ONE PART. 3998 02:19:47,480 --> 02:19:49,480 THE OTHER PART IS TO GET 3999 02:19:49,480 --> 02:19:50,680 GROUNDED IN HISTORY AND TO KNOW 4000 02:19:50,680 --> 02:19:52,440 THE HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM THAT 4001 02:19:52,440 --> 02:19:54,000 YOU ARE INTERESTED IN STUDYING 4002 02:19:54,000 --> 02:19:55,680 AND WORKING AND ALSO TO KNOW THE 4003 02:19:55,680 --> 02:19:56,840 HISTORY OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN 4004 02:19:56,840 --> 02:19:58,240 DOING WORK IN THIS AREA AND ALSO 4005 02:19:58,240 --> 02:19:59,920 TO KNOW THE HISTORY OF THE 4006 02:19:59,920 --> 02:20:01,880 PEOPLE THAT HAVE BEEN SHAPING 4007 02:20:01,880 --> 02:20:04,040 SOCIETAL INSTITUTIONS AND KINDS 4008 02:20:04,040 --> 02:20:05,680 OF SYSTEMS THAT WE'VE BEEN 4009 02:20:05,680 --> 02:20:07,080 DISCUSSING SO GETTING GROUNDED 4010 02:20:07,080 --> 02:20:08,920 IN SOCIAL HISTORY, OF THE 4011 02:20:08,920 --> 02:20:10,960 PROBLEMS AND THE SOCIETY TEE 4012 02:20:10,960 --> 02:20:12,680 ZOOSFUL AND THERE ARE PLENTY OF 4013 02:20:12,680 --> 02:20:14,920 BOOKS THAT CAN GIVE YOU SOME 4014 02:20:14,920 --> 02:20:15,880 GROUNDING AND HISTORY SO THAT 4015 02:20:15,880 --> 02:20:17,480 YOU DON'T START THINKING THIS IS 4016 02:20:17,480 --> 02:20:18,720 THE FIRST TIME PEOPLE HAVE EVER 4017 02:20:18,720 --> 02:20:20,280 ASKED SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS. 4018 02:20:20,280 --> 02:20:22,080 PART OF THE ISSUES, THESE 4019 02:20:22,080 --> 02:20:23,480 QUESTIONS AROUND GENDER 4020 02:20:23,480 --> 02:20:24,440 INEQUITIES AND HEALTH, THEY'VE 4021 02:20:24,440 --> 02:20:26,440 BEEN AROUND FOR CENTURIES AND 4022 02:20:26,440 --> 02:20:27,880 HAVE QUESTIONS OF RACIALIZED 4023 02:20:27,880 --> 02:20:30,960 INJUSTICE AND THE IMPACTS OF 4024 02:20:30,960 --> 02:20:31,880 ENSLAVEMENT, ET CETERA, WHETHER 4025 02:20:31,880 --> 02:20:33,680 THEY GET TRACTION AND RESOURCES 4026 02:20:33,680 --> 02:20:34,880 AND GET A WAY TO MAKE A 4027 02:20:34,880 --> 02:20:36,920 DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF ACTUAL 4028 02:20:36,920 --> 02:20:38,960 CHANGE IN SOCIETY, THAT'S 4029 02:20:38,960 --> 02:20:39,240 SEPARATE. 4030 02:20:39,240 --> 02:20:40,360 SO SOMETIMES IT BECOMES A VERY 4031 02:20:40,360 --> 02:20:42,640 OF ASKING, WHY DO THE PROBLEMS 4032 02:20:42,640 --> 02:20:47,080 PERSIST, NOT THAT THIS IS NOT 4033 02:20:47,080 --> 02:20:47,280 NOVEL. 4034 02:20:47,280 --> 02:20:48,160 COVID COMING ALONG AND PRESENTS 4035 02:20:48,160 --> 02:20:49,680 A NOVEMBER I WILL DISEASE BUT IT 4036 02:20:49,680 --> 02:20:51,920 PLAYS OUT IN WAYS THAT ARE VERY 4037 02:20:51,920 --> 02:20:52,960 PREDICTABLE AND NOW PLAYING OUT 4038 02:20:52,960 --> 02:20:54,760 IN SOME WAYS THAT WEREN'T SO 4039 02:20:54,760 --> 02:20:59,480 PREDICTED IN TERMS OF IMPACTS OF 4040 02:20:59,480 --> 02:21:00,680 POLITICAL IDEOLOGY WHETHER 4041 02:21:00,680 --> 02:21:01,960 PEOPLE GET VACCINATED OR NOT. 4042 02:21:01,960 --> 02:21:03,640 SO THERE ARE OLD CHALLENGE AND 4043 02:21:03,640 --> 02:21:05,280 NEW CHALLENGE AND IT HELPS BEING 4044 02:21:05,280 --> 02:21:06,320 GROUNDED IN UNDERSTANDING THAT 4045 02:21:06,320 --> 02:21:08,560 AND THE LAST THING IS THAT ALSO, 4046 02:21:08,560 --> 02:21:10,520 FROM WHAT AN EMBODY STANDPOINT 4047 02:21:10,520 --> 02:21:12,280 WOULD OFFER YOU TO THINK ABOUT 4048 02:21:12,280 --> 02:21:14,280 WHO IS IT YOU NEED TO TALK TO 4049 02:21:14,280 --> 02:21:15,880 GET A BIGGER PICTURE OF THE 4050 02:21:15,880 --> 02:21:17,200 SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, EVERY GIVEN 4051 02:21:17,200 --> 02:21:19,000 STUDY IS ALWAYS ON A VERY 4052 02:21:19,000 --> 02:21:20,120 SPECIFIC QUESTION. 4053 02:21:20,120 --> 02:21:21,240 WHERE THERE'S A NEED FOR A 4054 02:21:21,240 --> 02:21:22,520 SPECIFIC ANSWER. 4055 02:21:22,520 --> 02:21:26,760 BUT IT' FRAMED. 4056 02:21:26,760 --> 02:21:28,440 YOU REALIZE WHO DO YOU NEED TO 4057 02:21:28,440 --> 02:21:30,120 GET A TALK TO TO GET A PURCHASE 4058 02:21:30,120 --> 02:21:31,400 ON THE WAYS OTHERS THINKS ABOUT 4059 02:21:31,400 --> 02:21:31,640 IT. 4060 02:21:31,640 --> 02:21:33,800 WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS OF 4061 02:21:33,800 --> 02:21:34,640 DISCIPLINES INSIDE PUBLIC-HEALTH 4062 02:21:34,640 --> 02:21:35,320 OR OUTSIDE OF PUBLIC-HEALTH. 4063 02:21:35,320 --> 02:21:36,880 WHAT ARE THE STRENGTH -TZ OF 4064 02:21:36,880 --> 02:21:39,840 WHAT YOU SEE COMING UP ALONG THE 4065 02:21:39,840 --> 02:21:41,480 LINES OF DIFFERENT JUSTICE 4066 02:21:41,480 --> 02:21:48,600 HEALTH ADD CRO VOW INDICATES ARE -- IT'S A DEEP COMMITMENT 4067 02:21:48,600 --> 02:21:52,000 TO CURIOSITY AND RIGOROUS 4068 02:21:52,000 --> 02:21:52,240 SCIENCE. 4069 02:21:52,240 --> 02:21:55,400 >> ON THAT NOTE, WE ARE AT THE 4070 02:21:55,400 --> 02:21:57,680 END OF OUR TIME, SLIGHTLY OVER. 4071 02:21:57,680 --> 02:22:01,240 THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR YOUR 4072 02:22:01,240 --> 02:22:03,200 GENEROUS WILLINGNESS TO STAY A 4073 02:22:03,200 --> 02:22:04,080 FEW MINUTES LATE. 4074 02:22:04,080 --> 02:22:06,160 BUT WE ARE OUT OF TIME FOR OUR 4075 02:22:06,160 --> 02:22:07,240 PANEL DISCUSSION AND WE WERE NOT 4076 02:22:07,240 --> 02:22:09,880 ABLE TO GET TO ALL OF THE 4077 02:22:09,880 --> 02:22:12,080 QUESTIONS HOWEVER, WE WILL BE 4078 02:22:12,080 --> 02:22:13,400 REVIEWING ANY QUESTIONS THAT 4079 02:22:13,400 --> 02:22:14,680 WERE NOT ANSWERED AND WE WILL DO 4080 02:22:14,680 --> 02:22:18,680 OUR BEST TO ADDRESS THEM AND THE 4081 02:22:18,680 --> 02:22:19,360 APPENDIX. 4082 02:22:19,360 --> 02:22:20,920 MEETING SUMMARY WE WILL PREPARE. 4083 02:22:20,920 --> 02:22:23,360 WE'RE ALSO GOING TO DROP A LINK 4084 02:22:23,360 --> 02:22:26,560 IN THE CHAT TO A FORM WHERE YOU 4085 02:22:26,560 --> 02:22:28,680 ARE ENCOURAGED AND WELCOME TO 4086 02:22:28,680 --> 02:22:30,120 PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON THIS 4087 02:22:30,120 --> 02:22:31,520 MORNING'S SESSION AS WELL AS 4088 02:22:31,520 --> 02:22:33,080 INDICATE YOUR INTEREST IN POST 4089 02:22:33,080 --> 02:22:34,480 EVENT NETWORKING OPPORTUNITIES 4090 02:22:34,480 --> 02:22:37,360 AND AFFINITY GROUPS. 4091 02:22:37,360 --> 02:22:41,240 AND SO, WE HOPE THAT FOLKS CAN 4092 02:22:41,240 --> 02:22:42,000 TAKE A MENTAL TO COMPLETE THAT. 4093 02:22:42,000 --> 02:22:45,320 I WANT TO ONCE AGAIN, THANK EACH 4094 02:22:45,320 --> 02:22:47,000 OF OUR PLENARY SPEAKERS FOR 4095 02:22:47,000 --> 02:22:51,320 SHARING INSIGHTS ON THE IMPACTS 4096 02:22:51,320 --> 02:22:54,200 OF STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND GENDER 4097 02:22:54,200 --> 02:22:54,880 INEQUITIES AND YOU HAVE GIVEN US 4098 02:22:54,880 --> 02:22:56,400 SO MUCH TO THINK ABOUT AND SO 4099 02:22:56,400 --> 02:22:58,640 MUCH TO BE HOPEFUL FOR AND WE 4100 02:22:58,640 --> 02:23:00,280 ARE REALLY JUST SO HONORED THAT 4101 02:23:00,280 --> 02:23:03,120 YOU WERE ABLE TO JOIN US TODAY. 4102 02:23:03,120 --> 02:23:06,800 WE WILL NOW TAKE A BREAK OF 37 4103 02:23:06,800 --> 02:23:07,960 MINUTES FOR LUNCH. 4104 02:23:07,960 --> 02:23:09,000 OR WHATEVER ELSE YOU WOULD LIKE 4105 02:23:09,000 --> 02:23:11,040 TO DO WITH THAT TIME. 4106 02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:14,080 RETURN BY 2:00 EASTERN TIMES AND 4107 02:23:14,080 --> 02:23:16,520 YOU WILL HEAR FOUR FLASH TALKS 4108 02:23:16,520 --> 02:23:20,480 FROM WINNERS OF OUR POSTER 4109 02:23:20,480 --> 02:23:23,200 WINNERS, WE HAD A CALL FOR 4110 02:23:23,200 --> 02:23:24,880 ABSTRACTS WE RECEIVED 67 4111 02:23:24,880 --> 02:23:27,840 SUBMISSION AND WE'LL BE HEARING 4112 02:23:27,840 --> 02:23:30,280 FROM FOUR OF THE SUBMITTERS. 4113 02:23:30,280 --> 02:23:31,680 WE INVITE YOU TO STAY ON THIS 4114 02:23:31,680 --> 02:23:33,640 VIRTUAL PLATFORM OR VIDEO CAST 4115 02:23:33,640 --> 02:23:35,080 AND YOU WILL ENJOY SOME ROTATING 4116 02:23:35,080 --> 02:23:37,360 SLIDES WITH UPDATES FROM ORWH 4117 02:23:37,360 --> 02:23:40,800 AND YOU CAN VISIT THE POSTER 4118 02:23:40,800 --> 02:23:47,640 HALL IN THE FLAT FORM OR THE 4119 02:23:47,640 --> 02:23:49,800 ORWH PAGE AND IT'S PLACED IN THE 4120 02:23:49,800 --> 02:23:50,000 CHAT. 4121 02:23:50,000 --> 02:23:51,480 WE ARE ADJOURNED UNTIL 2:00 P.M. 4122 02:23:51,480 --> 02:23:54,880 EASTERN 1:00 11:00 AM PACIFIC. 4123 02:23:54,880 --> 02:23:59,320 >>WELCOME BACK. 4124 02:23:59,320 --> 02:24:00,480 I'M A MEMBER OF THE PLANNING 4125 02:24:00,480 --> 02:24:03,720 COMMITTEE FOR THIS EXCELLENT 4126 02:24:03,720 --> 02:24:05,920 EVENT. AND FOR TODAY'S WORKSHOP 4127 02:24:05,920 --> 02:24:07,960 THE PLANNING COMMITTEE INVITED 4128 02:24:07,960 --> 02:24:10,080 ABSTRACTS TO BE SUBMITTED FROM 4129 02:24:10,080 --> 02:24:11,400 RESEARCHERS THAT WORK IN THE 4130 02:24:11,400 --> 02:24:13,840 SPACE OF GENDER AND HEALTH. 4131 02:24:13,840 --> 02:24:16,760 AND WE ARE THRILLED TO HAVE 4132 02:24:16,760 --> 02:24:19,480 RECEIVED 66 RELEVANT ABSTRACTS. 4133 02:24:19,480 --> 02:24:22,680 WHICH HAVE ALL BEEN INCLUDED IN 4134 02:24:22,680 --> 02:24:24,760 THE ABSTRACT AVAILABLE ON THE 4135 02:24:24,760 --> 02:24:26,960 EVENTS PAGE FOR USE. 4136 02:24:26,960 --> 02:24:29,920 OUT OF THE 66 RELEVANT 4137 02:24:29,920 --> 02:24:32,000 ABSTRACTS 35 ABSTRACTS WERE 4138 02:24:32,000 --> 02:24:33,120 SELECTED FOR POSTER 4139 02:24:33,120 --> 02:24:34,720 PRESENTATIONS AND THEY ARE ALSO 4140 02:24:34,720 --> 02:24:36,280 ALL AVAILABLE IN THE VIRTUAL 4141 02:24:36,280 --> 02:24:38,080 POSTER HALL THAT IS LINKED TO 4142 02:24:38,080 --> 02:24:40,320 THIS CHAT. I INVITE EVERYBODY 4143 02:24:40,320 --> 02:24:42,960 TO VISIT THE POSTER HALL. IT'S 4144 02:24:42,960 --> 02:24:44,080 AN EXCELLENT EXPERIENCE EVEN 4145 02:24:44,080 --> 02:24:46,080 THOUGH IT IS VIRTUAL. 4146 02:24:46,080 --> 02:24:48,520 SO OUT OF THOSE 35 ABSTRACTS 4147 02:24:48,520 --> 02:24:49,880 THEN FOUR OF THOSE WERE 4148 02:24:49,880 --> 02:24:52,520 SELECTED FOR THIS LIVE FLASH 4149 02:24:52,520 --> 02:24:54,560 TALKED TO. AND I WILL ACTUALLY 4150 02:24:54,560 --> 02:24:57,720 GO AHEAD AND INTRODUCE ALL FOUR 4151 02:24:57,720 --> 02:24:58,880 SPEAKERS ALL TOGETHER. AND THEN 4152 02:24:58,880 --> 02:25:00,280 WE WILL HEAR THEIR 4153 02:25:00,280 --> 02:25:02,240 PRESENTATIONS. 4154 02:25:02,240 --> 02:25:06,200 SO FIRST FLASH TALK IS FROM 4155 02:25:06,200 --> 02:25:08,000 ARIEL BECCIA, I HOPE I'M 4156 02:25:08,000 --> 02:25:09,120 PRONOUNCING THIS NAME 4157 02:25:09,120 --> 02:25:11,080 CORRECTLY. PLEASE CORRECT ME IF 4158 02:25:11,080 --> 02:25:16,760 I'M WRONG. DR. BECCIA IS A 4159 02:25:16,760 --> 02:25:18,080 POSTDOCTORAL IN YOUNGER 4160 02:25:18,080 --> 02:25:20,120 CHILDREN MEDICINE AT BOSTON 4161 02:25:20,120 --> 02:25:22,320 MEDICAL SCHOOL AND HARVARD 4162 02:25:22,320 --> 02:25:23,040 MEDICAL SCHOOL. ADVANCING 4163 02:25:23,040 --> 02:25:25,160 UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURAL 4164 02:25:25,160 --> 02:25:27,480 SEXISM IN POPULATION HEALTH 4165 02:25:27,480 --> 02:25:29,120 INEQUITIES, INTRODUCING A NOVEL 4166 02:25:29,120 --> 02:25:32,360 MODELING APPROACH TO CAPTURE 4167 02:25:32,360 --> 02:25:34,640 LIVE CAUSE IN INTERSECTIONAL 4168 02:25:34,640 --> 02:25:36,560 EFFECTS. OUR SECOND TALK WILL 4169 02:25:36,560 --> 02:25:49,920 BE FROM DR. KNOW -NOEMIEEL 4170 02:25:49,920 --> 02:25:51,760 HADDAD. LARGE SCALE 4171 02:25:51,760 --> 02:25:53,920 CHARACTERIZATION OF GENDER 4172 02:25:53,920 --> 02:25:56,440 DIFFERENCES ARE IN TIME TO 4173 02:25:56,440 --> 02:25:58,720 DIAGNOSIS IN LONGITUDINAL 4174 02:25:58,720 --> 02:26:01,360 OBSERVATIONAL HEALTH DATA. THE 4175 02:26:01,360 --> 02:26:02,520 THIRD PRESENTATION WILL COME 4176 02:26:02,520 --> 02:26:06,800 FROM DR. MELISSA ERTL A 4177 02:26:06,800 --> 02:26:08,400 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW AT HIV 4178 02:26:08,400 --> 02:26:11,560 CENTER FOR CLINICAL AND 4179 02:26:11,560 --> 02:26:12,920 BEHAVIORAL STUDIES AT UNITED 4180 02:26:12,920 --> 02:26:22,600 STATES SIGH PSYCHIATRIC. 4181 02:26:22,600 --> 02:26:25,920 PARTLY EXPLAINS ASSOCIATION 4182 02:26:25,920 --> 02:26:26,560 BETWEEN TRADITIONAL GENDER 4183 02:26:26,560 --> 02:26:29,480 BELIEFS AND DRUG AND ALCOHOL 4184 02:26:29,480 --> 02:26:31,040 USE AMONG LATINA ADULT WOMEN 4185 02:26:31,040 --> 02:26:33,760 AND THE FINAL TALK WILL BE BY 4186 02:26:33,760 --> 02:26:36,080 AUDREY SCHACHTER AT UNIVERSITY 4187 02:26:36,080 --> 02:26:37,280 OF TENNESSEE, DEPARTMENT OF 4188 02:26:37,280 --> 02:26:38,520 GENERAL SURGERY WHO WILL 4189 02:26:38,520 --> 02:26:41,480 PRESENT A TALK ENTITLED THE 4190 02:26:41,480 --> 02:26:43,280 TWISTED TRUTH. DECISION TO 4191 02:26:43,280 --> 02:26:48,920 INCISION TIME FOR VARIOUS 4192 02:26:48,920 --> 02:26:49,800 TESTICULAR CONTORTION. LET'S 4193 02:26:49,800 --> 02:26:53,720 START WITH OUR FIRST 4194 02:26:53,720 --> 02:26:55,720 PRESENTATION AND WELCOME DR. 4195 02:26:55,720 --> 02:26:57,960 BECCIA. AND PLEASE CORRECT ME 4196 02:26:57,960 --> 02:27:00,120 IF I MISPRONOUNCED YOUR NAME. 4197 02:27:00,120 --> 02:27:02,640 SORRY. 4198 02:27:02,640 --> 02:27:05,160 >> OKAY, SO THIS LOOKS LIKE MY 4199 02:27:05,160 --> 02:27:08,480 POSTER. THERE WE GO. ALL RIGHT. 4200 02:27:08,480 --> 02:27:10,240 HI, EVERYONE. THANK YOU SO MUCH 4201 02:27:10,240 --> 02:27:12,720 FOR HAVING ME AND FOR THIS 4202 02:27:12,720 --> 02:27:16,720 HONOR, I'M AERIAL BECCIA I USE 4203 02:27:16,720 --> 02:27:18,840 SHE/HER PRONOUNS. I WILL 4204 02:27:18,840 --> 02:27:22,080 PRESENT MY TEAM'S WORK FOR 4205 02:27:22,080 --> 02:27:25,320 POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH. 4206 02:27:25,320 --> 02:27:28,240 SO AS WE HEARD FROM THE 4207 02:27:28,240 --> 02:27:30,720 SPEAKERS THIS MORNING, THERE'S 4208 02:27:30,720 --> 02:27:33,680 GROWING EVIDENCE IT'S A 4209 02:27:33,680 --> 02:27:35,080 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH 4210 02:27:35,080 --> 02:27:38,560 INEQUITIES IN THE U.S. 4211 02:27:38,560 --> 02:27:41,040 FEW STUDIES HAVE YET TO EXPLORE 4212 02:27:41,040 --> 02:27:43,080 POTENTIAL LIFE COURSE OR 4213 02:27:43,080 --> 02:27:44,960 INTERSECTIONAL EFFECTS MEANING 4214 02:27:44,960 --> 02:27:47,680 WE KNOW LITTLE HOW IT SHAPES 4215 02:27:47,680 --> 02:27:49,920 POPULATION HEALTH PATTERNS OVER 4216 02:27:49,920 --> 02:27:51,760 TIME AND AMONG MULTIPLE 4217 02:27:51,760 --> 02:27:53,360 DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL IDENTITY. 4218 02:27:53,360 --> 02:27:55,400 TO HELP ADDRESS THE GAPS IN THE 4219 02:27:55,400 --> 02:27:58,560 STUDY WE AIM TO INTRODUCE A 4220 02:27:58,560 --> 02:28:00,400 MODEL APPROACH THAT CAN 4221 02:28:00,400 --> 02:28:02,440 ACCOMMODATE BOTH LIFE COURSE 4222 02:28:02,440 --> 02:28:06,080 AND INTERSECTIONAL EFFECTS. 4223 02:28:06,080 --> 02:28:07,640 OUR APPROACH WAS PRIMARILY 4224 02:28:07,640 --> 02:28:09,280 INFORMED BY LIFE COURSE THEORY 4225 02:28:09,280 --> 02:28:12,440 WHICH EMPHASIZES SOCIAL 4226 02:28:12,440 --> 02:28:13,760 DISADVANTAGE, SUCH AS 4227 02:28:13,760 --> 02:28:15,080 STRUCTURAL SEXISM, ACCUMULATE 4228 02:28:15,080 --> 02:28:18,720 AND BECOME EMBODIED OVER TIME 4229 02:28:18,720 --> 02:28:19,800 TO CONTRIBUTE TO POOR HEALTH 4230 02:28:19,800 --> 02:28:25,000 AND ESPECIALLY MARGINALIZED AND 4231 02:28:25,000 --> 02:28:25,720 MULTIPLELY MARGINALIZED 4232 02:28:25,720 --> 02:28:26,880 POPULATIONS. RATHER THAN 4233 02:28:26,880 --> 02:28:29,080 THINKING OF EXPOSURE TO STRAUR 4234 02:28:29,080 --> 02:28:31,120 RALE SEXISM A AS A SINGLE POINT 4235 02:28:31,120 --> 02:28:32,840 IN TIME EXPERIENCE, WE FOCUSED 4236 02:28:32,840 --> 02:28:35,480 INSTEAD OF CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE 4237 02:28:35,480 --> 02:28:37,440 OVER TIME TO BETTER CAPTURE 4238 02:28:37,440 --> 02:28:39,600 THESE LONG TERM EFFECTS. AND TO 4239 02:28:39,600 --> 02:28:41,120 ILLUSTRATE I WILL BRIEFLY WALK 4240 02:28:41,120 --> 02:28:43,560 THROUGH AN EXAMPLE FROM OUR 4241 02:28:43,560 --> 02:28:45,120 TEAM'S PRELIMINARY WORK, 4242 02:28:45,120 --> 02:28:47,360 EXAMINING WHETHER CUMULATIVE 4243 02:28:47,360 --> 02:28:50,000 EXPOSURE TO STRAUR RALE SEXISM 4244 02:28:50,000 --> 02:28:52,280 FROM YOUNG CHILDHOOD THROUGH 4245 02:28:52,280 --> 02:28:55,040 LATE ADULTHOOD CAN LEAD TO 4246 02:28:55,040 --> 02:28:56,400 INEQUITIES IN DEPRESSION WITHIN 4247 02:28:56,400 --> 02:29:00,240 AND BETWEEN GROUPS DEFINED BY 4248 02:29:00,240 --> 02:29:00,480 GENDER. 4249 02:29:00,480 --> 02:29:02,680 WE USED DATA FROM A NON 4250 02:29:02,680 --> 02:29:06,240 REPRESENTATIVE COHORT OF 4251 02:29:06,240 --> 02:29:07,600 APPROXIMATELY 16,800 U.S. YOUTH 4252 02:29:07,600 --> 02:29:11,640 AND OF NOTE MAJORITY OF 4253 02:29:11,640 --> 02:29:13,360 PARTICIPANTS ARE NON HISPANIC 4254 02:29:13,360 --> 02:29:15,240 WHITE. 4255 02:29:15,240 --> 02:29:17,240 AND IMPORTANTLY, PARTICIPANTS 4256 02:29:17,240 --> 02:29:18,760 PROVIDED INFORMATION ON THEIR 4257 02:29:18,760 --> 02:29:19,920 STATE OF RESIDENCE YEARLY AND 4258 02:29:19,920 --> 02:29:23,280 THIS IS A UNIQUE ASPECT OF GUTS 4259 02:29:23,280 --> 02:29:26,000 THAT ALLOWED US TO EXAMINE HOW 4260 02:29:26,000 --> 02:29:28,240 PARTICIPANTS EXPOSURE TO 4261 02:29:28,240 --> 02:29:29,600 STRUCTURAL SEXISM MAY HAVE 4262 02:29:29,600 --> 02:29:33,200 CHANGED OVER TIME. HOW DO WE 4263 02:29:33,200 --> 02:29:33,880 OPERATIONALIZE CUMULATIVE 4264 02:29:33,880 --> 02:29:35,920 EXPOSURE? WE USE A SET OF TIME 4265 02:29:35,920 --> 02:29:38,120 BEARING INDICATORS OF STATE 4266 02:29:38,120 --> 02:29:39,960 LEVEL STRUCTURAL SEXISM THAT WE 4267 02:29:39,960 --> 02:29:41,800 GOT FOR INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN'S 4268 02:29:41,800 --> 02:29:42,920 POLICY RESEARCH AND THIS 4269 02:29:42,920 --> 02:29:45,360 ALLOWED US TO CLASSIFY STATES 4270 02:29:45,360 --> 02:29:48,080 AS HAVING LOW OR HIGH LEVELS OF 4271 02:29:48,080 --> 02:29:49,440 STRUCTURAL SEXISM FOR EACH YEAR 4272 02:29:49,440 --> 02:29:52,160 OF THE STUDY PERIOD, FROM 1996 4273 02:29:52,160 --> 02:29:54,320 TO 2016, AND AS AN EXAMPLE, 4274 02:29:54,320 --> 02:29:58,440 THIS MAP SHOWS HOW STATES WERE 4275 02:29:58,440 --> 02:30:00,680 CATEGORYIZED AT BASELINE IN 4276 02:30:00,680 --> 02:30:02,920 1996. WE THEN MERGED THIS 4277 02:30:02,920 --> 02:30:05,720 INFORMATION TO GUTS AND 4278 02:30:05,720 --> 02:30:07,080 EVALUATED EXPOSURE, THE AVERAGE 4279 02:30:07,080 --> 02:30:09,520 TIME SPENT LIVING IN A HIGH 4280 02:30:09,520 --> 02:30:10,880 STRUCTURAL SEXISM STATE DURING 4281 02:30:10,880 --> 02:30:12,320 THE STUDY PERIOD. 4282 02:30:12,320 --> 02:30:15,880 FOR OUR ANALYSIS WE FIT 4283 02:30:15,880 --> 02:30:17,720 SEQUENTIAL MODELS TO ESTIMATE 4284 02:30:17,720 --> 02:30:19,920 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CUMULATIVE 4285 02:30:19,920 --> 02:30:21,160 EXPOSURE TO STRUCTURAL SEXISM 4286 02:30:21,160 --> 02:30:24,360 AND SUBSEQUENT DEPRESSION. 4287 02:30:24,360 --> 02:30:26,840 WE FIRST FIT MODELS WITH OUR 4288 02:30:26,840 --> 02:30:28,240 FULL SAMPLE USING CUMULATIVE 4289 02:30:28,240 --> 02:30:34,760 AND POINT IN TIMEX POSE UR 4290 02:30:34,760 --> 02:30:37,240 OPTIMAL, AND MODELS STRATIFIED 4291 02:30:37,240 --> 02:30:40,440 BY GENDER I'D DID -- 4292 02:30:40,440 --> 02:30:42,120 IDENTITY AND SEXUAL 4293 02:30:42,120 --> 02:30:43,560 ORIENTATION. MOVING INTO THE 4294 02:30:43,560 --> 02:30:46,440 RESULTS THIS TABLE SHOWS 4295 02:30:46,440 --> 02:30:49,120 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL 4296 02:30:49,120 --> 02:30:49,880 SEXISM AND DEPRESSIONIVE 4297 02:30:49,880 --> 02:30:51,640 SYMPTOMS IN THE FULL SAMPLE. WE 4298 02:30:51,640 --> 02:30:55,560 FOUND A ONE UNIT INCREASE IN 4299 02:30:55,560 --> 02:30:57,320 CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE IN 4300 02:30:57,320 --> 02:30:58,080 STRUCTURAL SEXISM WAS 4301 02:30:58,080 --> 02:31:00,520 ASSOCIATED WITH IS A% INCREASE 4302 02:31:00,520 --> 02:31:02,120 IN DEPRESSION RISK. ON THE 4303 02:31:02,120 --> 02:31:03,920 OTHER HAND, MOUFR, THERE WERE 4304 02:31:03,920 --> 02:31:04,840 NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS 4305 02:31:04,840 --> 02:31:10,080 WHEN USING THE POINT IN TIME 4306 02:31:10,080 --> 02:31:13,240 EXPOSURE. IF WE DON'T CONSIDER 4307 02:31:13,240 --> 02:31:15,040 LONG-TERM EXPOSURE PATTERNS. 4308 02:31:15,040 --> 02:31:17,080 THIS NEXT TABLE SHOWS RESULTS 4309 02:31:17,080 --> 02:31:20,000 FROM OUR STRATIFIED MODELS. 4310 02:31:20,000 --> 02:31:22,720 THESE REVEALED HOW ASSOCIATIONS 4311 02:31:22,720 --> 02:31:24,320 WERE SYSTEMIC BETWEEN SISGENDER 4312 02:31:24,320 --> 02:31:26,120 GIRLS AND WOMEN. YOU CAN SEE 4313 02:31:26,120 --> 02:31:30,200 FROM LACK OF EFFECT BETWEEN 4314 02:31:30,200 --> 02:31:32,920 CISGENDER BOYS AND MEN. AND IT 4315 02:31:32,920 --> 02:31:35,720 WAS STRONGER FOR CISGENDER 4316 02:31:35,720 --> 02:31:39,120 GIRLS AND WOMEN WHO WERE OF 4317 02:31:39,120 --> 02:31:42,920 MINORITIES AND GROUP OF HET 4318 02:31:42,920 --> 02:31:45,240 AGAIN IN AITY. WE THINK THESE 4319 02:31:45,240 --> 02:31:47,320 SHOW A PROMISE FRAMEWORK FOR 4320 02:31:47,320 --> 02:31:49,000 STRUCTURAL SEXISM AND 4321 02:31:49,000 --> 02:31:49,920 POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH. AND 4322 02:31:49,920 --> 02:31:52,920 I WILL JUST END BY HIGHLIGHTING 4323 02:31:52,920 --> 02:31:54,120 SOME POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF 4324 02:31:54,120 --> 02:31:56,720 THIS FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE WORK. 4325 02:31:56,720 --> 02:31:58,800 FIRST THERE ARE SEVERAL 4326 02:31:58,800 --> 02:32:00,120 PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA SETS 4327 02:32:00,120 --> 02:32:02,360 THAT INCLUDE REPEATED MEASURES 4328 02:32:02,360 --> 02:32:03,720 OF PARTICIPANTS PLACE OF 4329 02:32:03,720 --> 02:32:05,280 RESIDENTS THAT CAN FACILITATE 4330 02:32:05,280 --> 02:32:07,960 THESE KINDS OF ANALYSES IN 4331 02:32:07,960 --> 02:32:09,560 OTHER POPULATION HEALTH SUB 4332 02:32:09,560 --> 02:32:11,120 FIELDS. AND OF COURSE, THE 4333 02:32:11,120 --> 02:32:15,640 FRAMEWORK CAN BE A APPLIED OR 4334 02:32:15,640 --> 02:32:18,520 ADAPTED FOR HOW INTERLOCKING 4335 02:32:18,520 --> 02:32:23,280 SYSTEMS SUCH AS STRUCTURAL 4336 02:32:23,280 --> 02:32:25,520 SEXISM AFFECT HEALTH AND HEALTH 4337 02:32:25,520 --> 02:32:28,320 INEQUITIES. THIS IS ALL I HAVE. 4338 02:32:28,320 --> 02:32:30,640 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING, AND 4339 02:32:30,640 --> 02:32:31,960 THESE ARE MY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 4340 02:32:31,960 --> 02:32:35,240 >> THANK YOU FOR THE STUDY FOR 4341 02:32:35,240 --> 02:32:36,560 THIS PRESENTATION. WE WILL MOVE 4342 02:32:36,560 --> 02:32:38,120 ONTO THE NEXT PRESENTATION WHO 4343 02:32:38,120 --> 02:32:42,200 WILL BY GIVEN TO US BY DR. EL 4344 02:32:42,200 --> 02:32:43,440 HADDAD, PLEASE? 4345 02:32:43,440 --> 02:32:44,920 >> HI, EVERYONE, THANK YOU 4346 02:32:44,920 --> 02:32:46,040 EVERYONE FOR THE HONOR TO 4347 02:32:46,040 --> 02:32:47,240 PRESENT. I WILL BE TALKING 4348 02:32:47,240 --> 02:32:49,480 ABOUT MY WORK WITH MY 4349 02:32:49,480 --> 02:32:52,920 COLLEAGUES AT COLUMBIA 4350 02:32:52,920 --> 02:32:54,960 UNIVERSITY, BIO INFO MATICS AND 4351 02:32:54,960 --> 02:32:56,520 GENETICS RESEARCH. WE ARE 4352 02:32:56,520 --> 02:33:00,760 FOCUSING ON DIAGNOSIS, IT'S A 4353 02:33:00,760 --> 02:33:02,600 QUESTION IN HEALTH, FIRST STEP 4354 02:33:02,600 --> 02:33:06,920 IN THE CAROTENE -- CARE 4355 02:33:06,920 --> 02:33:09,960 CONTINUUM, IT HELPS US MITIGATE 4356 02:33:09,960 --> 02:33:12,560 POOR DISEASE OUTCOME AND THE 4357 02:33:12,560 --> 02:33:14,600 OTHER SIDE BRINGS ADVERSE 4358 02:33:14,600 --> 02:33:16,160 OUTCOME. WE KNOW FROM THE 4359 02:33:16,160 --> 02:33:17,960 PREVIOUS LITERATURE THERE WAS 4360 02:33:17,960 --> 02:33:21,720 BEEN SHOWN MANY DISPARITIES IN 4361 02:33:21,720 --> 02:33:23,360 DIAGNOSES FOR MANY GROUPS. BOTH 4362 02:33:23,360 --> 02:33:25,800 IN TERMS OF ACCESS TO 4363 02:33:25,800 --> 02:33:28,520 DIAGNOSES, AS WELL AS TIME TO 4364 02:33:28,520 --> 02:33:29,360 DIAGNOSES. OUR OBJECTIVE IN 4365 02:33:29,360 --> 02:33:33,280 THIS WORK IS TO BUILD UPON ALL 4366 02:33:33,280 --> 02:33:35,360 OF THIS PREVIOUS WORK. AND WE 4367 02:33:35,360 --> 02:33:37,360 NOTICE THAT A LOT OF STUDIES 4368 02:33:37,360 --> 02:33:39,040 FOCUSED ON ONE DISEASE OR ONE 4369 02:33:39,040 --> 02:33:40,560 POPULATION AT A TIME. AND THERE 4370 02:33:40,560 --> 02:33:43,520 WAS A WIDE RANGE OF METRICS 4371 02:33:43,520 --> 02:33:44,440 PROPOSED ACROSS DIFFERENT 4372 02:33:44,440 --> 02:33:46,920 STUDIES SO IT'S HARD TO GET A 4373 02:33:46,920 --> 02:33:49,360 SENSE OF SYSTEMIC IMPACT OF 4374 02:33:49,360 --> 02:33:50,920 THESE DISPARITIES. 4375 02:33:50,920 --> 02:33:53,480 SO WE, AS COMPUTATIONAL 4376 02:33:53,480 --> 02:33:55,240 RESEARCHERS DECIDED TO SCALE UP 4377 02:33:55,240 --> 02:33:57,280 THESE ANALYSES, SO WE ARE 4378 02:33:57,280 --> 02:34:00,360 FOCUSING ON A VERY LARGE DATA 4379 02:34:00,360 --> 02:34:04,720 SET, THE ENTIRETY OF HEALTH 4380 02:34:04,720 --> 02:34:06,000 RECORD, MEDICARE, MEDICAID AND 4381 02:34:06,000 --> 02:34:09,120 PRIVATE INSURANCE, AND WE ARE 4382 02:34:09,120 --> 02:34:11,360 LOOKING AT 112 CONDITIONS IN 4383 02:34:11,360 --> 02:34:14,080 PARTICULAR THAT RANGE ACROSS A 4384 02:34:14,080 --> 02:34:17,680 NUMBER OF DISEASE TYPES FROM 4385 02:34:17,680 --> 02:34:21,240 CARDIOVASCULAR TO CANCERS, ETC. 4386 02:34:21,240 --> 02:34:23,720 WE LOOKED AT A RANGE OF METRICS 4387 02:34:23,720 --> 02:34:28,120 TO QUANTIFY TIME DIAGNOSES 4388 02:34:28,120 --> 02:34:30,760 BETWEEN FIRST ON SET OF 4389 02:34:30,760 --> 02:34:32,600 SYMPTOMS FOR SOME CONDITIONS 4390 02:34:32,600 --> 02:34:35,080 AND ACTUAL OFFICIAL DIAGNOSES 4391 02:34:35,080 --> 02:34:36,440 FOR THESE PATIENTS. THESE ARE 4392 02:34:36,440 --> 02:34:39,920 THE DATA SETS AND YOU KNOW, 4393 02:34:39,920 --> 02:34:41,640 THERE ARE A FEW LIMITATIONS TO 4394 02:34:41,640 --> 02:34:45,920 THIS. WE ARE LOOKING AT GENDER 4395 02:34:45,920 --> 02:34:49,280 DIFFERENCES. TALKING ABOUT 4396 02:34:49,280 --> 02:34:52,440 COLUMBIA DATA SETS WERE 20-30 4397 02:34:52,440 --> 02:34:54,720 YEARS, GENDER AND SEX ARE NOT 4398 02:34:54,720 --> 02:34:57,400 ATTAINABLE AND THEY ARE VERY 4399 02:34:57,400 --> 02:34:59,080 BINARY IN THEIR PRESENTATION. 4400 02:34:59,080 --> 02:35:01,560 THE VALUE OF THIS DATA SET FOR 4401 02:35:01,560 --> 02:35:03,320 US IS MOSTLY IN THEIR SIZE AND 4402 02:35:03,320 --> 02:35:08,000 THE FACT THEY ARE LONGITUDINAL 4403 02:35:08,000 --> 02:35:09,640 COVERING ALL INTERACTIONS WITH 4404 02:35:09,640 --> 02:35:11,200 THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND WE 4405 02:35:11,200 --> 02:35:13,240 ARE USING CONDITION CODES, AS 4406 02:35:13,240 --> 02:35:15,960 OUR PRIMARY UNIT OF ANALYSIS. 4407 02:35:15,960 --> 02:35:18,440 DATA SAID IS ABOUT 158 MILLION 4408 02:35:18,440 --> 02:35:21,200 ALL THE WAY DOWN TO OUR 4409 02:35:21,200 --> 02:35:23,400 SMALLEST TO SIX AND A HALF 4410 02:35:23,400 --> 02:35:24,720 MILLION PATIENTS. 4411 02:35:24,720 --> 02:35:29,000 SO OUR ANALYSES, I'M SHOWING 4412 02:35:29,000 --> 02:35:30,600 HERE A VISUAL SUMMARY OF WHAT 4413 02:35:30,600 --> 02:35:33,240 WE ARE DOING, WE ARE TAKING 4414 02:35:33,240 --> 02:35:35,280 FOR, LET'S TAKE ONE OF THESE 4415 02:35:35,280 --> 02:35:39,360 DISEASES IN THIS CASE CROHNS 4416 02:35:39,360 --> 02:35:41,200 DISEASE AND WE ARE LOOKING AT 4417 02:35:41,200 --> 02:35:43,280 ALL THE PATIENTS THAT WERE IN 4418 02:35:43,280 --> 02:35:44,520 FACT DIAGNOSED WITH THE DISEASE 4419 02:35:44,520 --> 02:35:47,200 AND THIS IS THE TIME OF THEIR 4420 02:35:47,200 --> 02:35:48,800 DIAGNOSES, WE ARE GOING BACK IN 4421 02:35:48,800 --> 02:35:50,560 TIME THREE TIMES IN THIS CASE 4422 02:35:50,560 --> 02:35:52,440 AND LOOKING AT ALL THE SYMPTOMS 4423 02:35:52,440 --> 02:35:54,200 THAT HAD BEEN RECORDED IN THEIR 4424 02:35:54,200 --> 02:35:56,640 PATIENT RECORD BUT HAD NOT YET 4425 02:35:56,640 --> 02:36:01,640 LED TO THE ACTUAL DIAGNOSES OF 4426 02:36:01,640 --> 02:36:03,480 CROHNS DISEASE. BASED ON 4427 02:36:03,480 --> 02:36:05,000 DURATION OF SYMPTOM WE ARE ABLE 4428 02:36:05,000 --> 02:36:07,040 TO QUANTIFY THIS TIME TO 4429 02:36:07,040 --> 02:36:08,760 DIAGNOSES IN MULTIPLE WAYS. 4430 02:36:08,760 --> 02:36:11,440 AND SO THESE ARE SOME OF OUR 4431 02:36:11,440 --> 02:36:13,280 RESULTS. WE ARE FINDING THAT 4432 02:36:13,280 --> 02:36:17,840 THESE ARE ALL THE DIFFERENT 4433 02:36:17,840 --> 02:36:18,920 CONDITIONS, 112 CONDITIONS, WE 4434 02:36:18,920 --> 02:36:21,360 GROUPED THEM BY HOW LONG, HOW 4435 02:36:21,360 --> 02:36:24,880 ACUTE OR CHRONIC THEY ARE. BUT 4436 02:36:24,880 --> 02:36:26,680 WHAT I'M DRAWING YOUR ATTENTION 4437 02:36:26,680 --> 02:36:28,880 TO IS THE GREEN POINTS ARE IN 4438 02:36:28,880 --> 02:36:33,600 THIS CASE THE AVERAGE TIME 4439 02:36:33,600 --> 02:36:35,840 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND 4440 02:36:35,840 --> 02:36:37,600 WOMEN, WHERE THE GREEN ONES ARE 4441 02:36:37,600 --> 02:36:39,680 REPRESENTING MEN AND THE PURPLE 4442 02:36:39,680 --> 02:36:40,520 ONES ARE REPRESENTING WOMEN. 4443 02:36:40,520 --> 02:36:42,560 AND I'M SURE YOU CAN SEE 4444 02:36:42,560 --> 02:36:44,600 VIRTUALLY THAT FOR PRETTY MUCH 4445 02:36:44,600 --> 02:36:47,960 MOST OF THESE CONDITIONS WOMEN 4446 02:36:47,960 --> 02:36:50,920 ARE DIAGNOSED LATER AND THESE 4447 02:36:50,920 --> 02:36:54,600 ARE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT 4448 02:36:54,600 --> 02:36:56,160 DELAYS. THESE ARE DIFFERENT 4449 02:36:56,160 --> 02:36:58,440 WAYS OF COMPUTING THIS TIME TO 4450 02:36:58,440 --> 02:36:59,320 DIAGNOSES AND YET ANOTHER 4451 02:36:59,320 --> 02:37:01,840 DIFFERENT WAY OF COMPUTING, BUT 4452 02:37:01,840 --> 02:37:03,880 WE KEEP FINDING THE SAME 4453 02:37:03,880 --> 02:37:05,000 PATTERN. THE RESULTS I'M 4454 02:37:05,000 --> 02:37:07,520 SHOWING YOU HERE ARE FOR OUR 4455 02:37:07,520 --> 02:37:09,680 PRIVATE INSURANCE BUT THAT ALSO 4456 02:37:09,680 --> 02:37:11,720 PERSISTS ACROSS ALL DATABASES. 4457 02:37:11,720 --> 02:37:13,760 AND SO WE ARE FINDING THAT 4458 02:37:13,760 --> 02:37:15,840 WOMEN EXPERIENCE LONGER TIME TO 4459 02:37:15,840 --> 02:37:17,440 DIAGNOSES AND REALLY I WANT TO 4460 02:37:17,440 --> 02:37:18,800 EMPHASIZE NOT SO MUCH THE 4461 02:37:18,800 --> 02:37:20,360 SPECIFIC FINDING AS MUCH AS THE 4462 02:37:20,360 --> 02:37:22,200 FACT WE ARE HAVING ACCESS NOW 4463 02:37:22,200 --> 02:37:25,320 TO LARGER AND LARGER DATA SETS 4464 02:37:25,320 --> 02:37:27,360 THAT ARE LONGITUDINAL AND THAT 4465 02:37:27,360 --> 02:37:29,920 ENABLES A NEW TYPE OF ANALYSES 4466 02:37:29,920 --> 02:37:31,720 TO BRING EVIDENCE IN GENDER 4467 02:37:31,720 --> 02:37:33,720 DISPARITIES SO WE ARE PAYING 4468 02:37:33,720 --> 02:37:36,040 ATTENTION TO THE REPRODUCIBLE. 4469 02:37:36,040 --> 02:37:38,920 OUR HOPE IS THIS TYPE OF 4470 02:37:38,920 --> 02:37:40,040 HYPOTHESES GENERATION CAN 4471 02:37:40,040 --> 02:37:42,080 FOSTER FURTHER AND MORE 4472 02:37:42,080 --> 02:37:44,120 IN-DEPTH WORK IN DISPARITIES. 4473 02:37:44,120 --> 02:37:45,920 THERE'S A LINK HERE TO OUR 4474 02:37:45,920 --> 02:37:47,920 WEBSITE WHERE ALL OF THESE 4475 02:37:47,920 --> 02:37:50,720 RESULTS ARE AVAILABLE IN AN 4476 02:37:50,720 --> 02:37:52,640 INTERACTIVE FASHION. THANK YOU 4477 02:37:52,640 --> 02:37:53,720 SO MUCH. 4478 02:37:53,720 --> 02:37:56,920 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, THAT WAS 4479 02:37:56,920 --> 02:37:57,600 WONDERFUL. 4480 02:37:57,600 --> 02:38:00,080 WE WILL MOVE RIGHT ALONG TO THE 4481 02:38:00,080 --> 02:38:05,320 NEXT PRESENTATION BY DR. ERTL. 4482 02:38:05,320 --> 02:38:07,720 >> GREAT, THANK YOU SO MUCH. 4483 02:38:07,720 --> 02:38:11,360 HI, I'M DR. ERTL, 32 4484 02:38:11,360 --> 02:38:13,720 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW, I'M PROUD 4485 02:38:13,720 --> 02:38:16,280 TO SHARE A POSTER FROM MY 4486 02:38:16,280 --> 02:38:18,920 DISSERTATION. THE TOPIC OF THE 4487 02:38:18,920 --> 02:38:20,720 POSTER IS DISCRIMINATION AS 4488 02:38:20,720 --> 02:38:23,160 POTENTIAL EXPLANATORY FACTOR 4489 02:38:23,160 --> 02:38:26,560 FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE ALONG 4490 02:38:26,560 --> 02:38:29,600 LATINA WOMEN. 4491 02:38:29,600 --> 02:38:30,720 LATINA ROLE BELIEFS THAT 4492 02:38:30,720 --> 02:38:33,800 ENCOURAGE THEM TO BE NURTURING, 4493 02:38:33,800 --> 02:38:36,920 SELF SACRIFICING, VIRTUOUS AND 4494 02:38:36,920 --> 02:38:37,800 SPIRITUALLY STRONG. FOUND 4495 02:38:37,800 --> 02:38:41,480 BELIEFS ARE A MULTIDIMENSIONAL 4496 02:38:41,480 --> 02:38:43,720 CONSTRUCT COMPRISED OF FIVE 4497 02:38:43,720 --> 02:38:45,280 BELIEF PILLARS FOUND TO BE 4498 02:38:45,280 --> 02:38:47,320 ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH RELATED 4499 02:38:47,320 --> 02:38:50,720 FACTORS. THE FIVE BELIEF, 4500 02:38:50,720 --> 02:38:51,600 FAMILY, VIRTUOUS, SILENCING 4501 02:38:51,600 --> 02:38:53,720 SELF TO MAINTAIN HARMONY, 4502 02:38:53,720 --> 02:38:55,600 SUBORDINATE TO OTHERS AND 4503 02:38:55,600 --> 02:38:56,920 SPIRITUAL PILLAR. SOME OF THESE 4504 02:38:56,920 --> 02:39:00,440 BELIEFS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS 4505 02:39:00,440 --> 02:39:02,960 POTENTIALLY PROTECTIVE AGAINST 4506 02:39:02,960 --> 02:39:03,800 SUBSTANCE ABUSE WHILE OTHERS 4507 02:39:03,800 --> 02:39:05,440 ARE LINKED WITH INCREASED USE. 4508 02:39:05,440 --> 02:39:10,000 HOWEVER THERE ARE FEW STUDIES 4509 02:39:10,000 --> 02:39:13,080 TO DATE UNDERLINING THE LINKS. 4510 02:39:13,080 --> 02:39:14,800 ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF 4511 02:39:14,800 --> 02:39:18,840 GENDER AND POWER, SEX POWER OR 4512 02:39:18,840 --> 02:39:19,960 SEXIST DISCRIMINATION, NEGATIVE 4513 02:39:19,960 --> 02:39:21,520 LIFE STRESSORS THAT WOMEN 4514 02:39:21,520 --> 02:39:23,760 EXPERIENCE CAN ACTUALLY BE 4515 02:39:23,760 --> 02:39:26,240 SOCIAL FORCES THAT PRODUCE 4516 02:39:26,240 --> 02:39:27,640 GENDER INEQUITIES AND 4517 02:39:27,640 --> 02:39:29,360 CONSISTENT WITH THIS NOTION, 4518 02:39:29,360 --> 02:39:32,240 SEXISM MAY BE ONE FACTOR, 4519 02:39:32,240 --> 02:39:34,840 SUBSTANCE MISUSE AS THESE 4520 02:39:34,840 --> 02:39:37,520 GENDER BELIEFS AND EXPECTATIONS 4521 02:39:37,520 --> 02:39:40,320 THAT LATINA WOMEN HOLD THROUGH 4522 02:39:40,320 --> 02:39:43,320 EXPERIENCES THAT IN TURN AFFECT 4523 02:39:43,320 --> 02:39:45,120 THEIR SUBSTANCE USE AND OVERALL 4524 02:39:45,120 --> 02:39:47,400 HEALTH. THE PRESENT STUDY 4525 02:39:47,400 --> 02:39:50,720 EXAMINED BELIEFS IN RELATION TO 4526 02:39:50,720 --> 02:39:53,920 SEXISM AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE IN 4527 02:39:53,920 --> 02:39:54,840 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS. THE 4528 02:39:54,840 --> 02:39:58,640 OBJECTIVES WERE TO TEST SEXISM 4529 02:39:58,640 --> 02:40:08,400 AS A FACTOR FOR SUBSTANCE 4530 02:40:08,400 --> 02:40:08,880 MISUSE. 4531 02:40:08,880 --> 02:40:13,520 PARTICIPANTS WERE 602 LATINA 4532 02:40:13,520 --> 02:40:15,040 UNDERGRADUATES. EXPERIENCES OF 4533 02:40:15,040 --> 02:40:16,800 EXISM, ALCOHOL AND DRUG MISUSE 4534 02:40:16,800 --> 02:40:19,120 AND WE ALSO ASSESS DEMOGRAPHIC 4535 02:40:19,120 --> 02:40:20,640 VARIABLES THAT SERVED AS 4536 02:40:20,640 --> 02:40:22,240 COVARIATES IN THE MODEL, AND 4537 02:40:22,240 --> 02:40:24,600 INCLUDE MANY OF THE FIVE 4538 02:40:24,600 --> 02:40:25,720 BELIEFS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 4539 02:40:25,720 --> 02:40:28,840 SEXISM AS A MEDIATOR AND DRUG 4540 02:40:28,840 --> 02:40:32,120 AND ALCOHOL MISUSE AS VARIABLES 4541 02:40:32,120 --> 02:40:34,880 WITH EACH OF THE COVARIATES. IN 4542 02:40:34,880 --> 02:40:41,960 TERMS OF EFFECTS ONLY THE SPIR 4543 02:40:41,960 --> 02:40:43,720 -- SPIRITUAL, AND FAMILY 4544 02:40:43,720 --> 02:40:53,400 PILLAR AND VIRTUOUS, THE SPIR 4545 02:40:53,400 --> 02:40:56,600 RITUALLY WAS WITH ALCOHOL AND 4546 02:40:56,600 --> 02:40:57,960 DRUG ONLY NEGATIVELY 4547 02:40:57,960 --> 02:41:00,720 ASSOCIATED. WE ALSO TESTED FOR 4548 02:41:00,720 --> 02:41:02,120 MEDIATION, USING BOOT STRAP 4549 02:41:02,120 --> 02:41:04,240 PROCEDURE WITH A THOUSAND 4550 02:41:04,240 --> 02:41:06,120 SAMPLES TO DETERMINE THE DIRECT 4551 02:41:06,120 --> 02:41:10,880 EFFECT OF SEXISM ON SIGNIFICANT 4552 02:41:10,880 --> 02:41:11,720 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MARISMAL 4553 02:41:11,720 --> 02:41:13,920 BELIEF AND RESULTS BELIEF 4554 02:41:13,920 --> 02:41:14,840 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VIRTUOUS 4555 02:41:14,840 --> 02:41:16,800 AND CHASE BELIEF AND ALCOHOL 4556 02:41:16,800 --> 02:41:22,720 MISUSE AND DRUG MISUSE 4557 02:41:22,720 --> 02:41:24,120 DEPENDENT VARIABLES. OUR 4558 02:41:24,120 --> 02:41:25,440 RESULTS INDICATED THAT CERTAIN 4559 02:41:25,440 --> 02:41:27,680 BELIEFS WERE POTENTIAL 4560 02:41:27,680 --> 02:41:30,120 PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST 4561 02:41:30,120 --> 02:41:31,760 SUBSTANCE MISUSE, SPECIFICALLY 4562 02:41:31,760 --> 02:41:33,960 FAMILY PILLAR BELIEF AND 4563 02:41:33,960 --> 02:41:36,520 VIRTUOUS AND SEXISM PARTIALLY 4564 02:41:36,520 --> 02:41:38,120 MEDIATED OR EXPLAINED 4565 02:41:38,120 --> 02:41:38,760 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE 4566 02:41:38,760 --> 02:41:42,920 VIRTUOUS AND ALCOHOL AND DRUG 4567 02:41:42,920 --> 02:41:44,280 MISUSE. LATINA WOMEN 4568 02:41:44,280 --> 02:41:46,720 EXPERIENCED THIS MORE THE 4569 02:41:46,720 --> 02:41:49,840 NOTION THEY SHOULD BE PURE MAY 4570 02:41:49,840 --> 02:41:52,760 BE PROTECTED AGAINST DRUG AND 4571 02:41:52,760 --> 02:41:55,320 ALCOHOL USE BECAUSE THEY REPORT 4572 02:41:55,320 --> 02:41:57,600 LESS SEXISM THAN THEIR PEERS. 4573 02:41:57,600 --> 02:41:59,360 THESE FINDINGS EMPHASIZE THE 4574 02:41:59,360 --> 02:42:03,240 NEED FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 4575 02:42:03,240 --> 02:42:05,080 TO ADDRESS EFFECT AND MAY 4576 02:42:05,080 --> 02:42:09,040 INFORM SCREENING AND HEALTH 4577 02:42:09,040 --> 02:42:11,520 INTERVENTIONS TO ASSESS 4578 02:42:11,520 --> 02:42:13,720 SUBSTANCE USE. PREVENTION USE 4579 02:42:13,720 --> 02:42:15,560 WITH LATINA ADULT WOMEN MAY 4580 02:42:15,560 --> 02:42:18,240 HAVE BELIEFS THAT MAY BE 4581 02:42:18,240 --> 02:42:20,960 PROTECTIVE, STAYING HEALTHY FOR 4582 02:42:20,960 --> 02:42:22,280 ONE'S FAMILY AND HOW 4583 02:42:22,280 --> 02:42:24,720 EXPERIENCES MAY EXACERBATE 4584 02:42:24,720 --> 02:42:27,360 SUBSTANCE USE, AND ALLEVIATE 4585 02:42:27,360 --> 02:42:29,880 BURDEN OF SEXISM PARTICULARLY 4586 02:42:29,880 --> 02:42:31,000 FRAMEWORKS THAT ATTEND TO 4587 02:42:31,000 --> 02:42:33,720 MULTIPLE FORMS OF OPPRESSION 4588 02:42:33,720 --> 02:42:35,760 THAT MAY AFFECT LATINA ADULT 4589 02:42:35,760 --> 02:42:37,960 WOMEN. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4590 02:42:37,960 --> 02:42:39,760 >> THANK YOU DR. ERTL FOR 4591 02:42:39,760 --> 02:42:41,400 SHARING WITH US YOUR FINDINGS 4592 02:42:41,400 --> 02:42:43,160 OF THIS GREAT RESEARCH. AND 4593 02:42:43,160 --> 02:42:44,520 FINAL SPEAKER OF THIS SESSION 4594 02:42:44,520 --> 02:42:50,360 WILL BE BY DR. SCHACHTER. 4595 02:42:50,360 --> 02:42:53,360 >> HEY, EVERYONE, GOOD MORNING, 4596 02:42:53,360 --> 02:42:55,880 GOOD AFTERNOON. I'M A CURRENT 4597 02:42:55,880 --> 02:42:58,160 GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENT AT 4598 02:42:58,160 --> 02:43:00,160 UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE 4599 02:43:00,160 --> 02:43:01,520 MEMPHIS. I'M SO GLAD TO BE HERE 4600 02:43:01,520 --> 02:43:03,320 TO REPORT ON MY RESEARCH, 4601 02:43:03,320 --> 02:43:06,000 STARTED DURING MY TIME AT 4602 02:43:06,000 --> 02:43:13,840 MEDICAL SCHOOL AT L.S.U. 4603 02:43:13,840 --> 02:43:15,280 LOUISIANA. 4604 02:43:15,280 --> 02:43:27,120 I HAVE NO DISCLOSURES TO 4605 02:43:27,120 --> 02:43:30,160 REPORT. OVARIAN IS DIFFICULT TO 4606 02:43:30,160 --> 02:43:32,920 DIAGNOSE DUE TO ANATOMIC 4607 02:43:32,920 --> 02:43:33,840 DIFFERENCES, PUTTING PATIENTS 4608 02:43:33,840 --> 02:43:36,760 AT A DISADVANTAGE WHEN IT COMES 4609 02:43:36,760 --> 02:43:40,120 TO TREATMENT TIMES COMPARED TO 4610 02:43:40,120 --> 02:43:40,880 TESTICULAR. ONCE DIAGNOSED 4611 02:43:40,880 --> 02:43:42,640 THERE SHOULD BE NO DIFFERENCE 4612 02:43:42,640 --> 02:43:44,360 IN TREATMENT TIMES BETWEEN THE 4613 02:43:44,360 --> 02:43:45,720 TWO DISEASE PROCESSES AND IN 4614 02:43:45,720 --> 02:43:47,320 THE STUDY WE AIM TO DESCRIBE 4615 02:43:47,320 --> 02:43:51,400 THE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN A 4616 02:43:51,400 --> 02:43:53,320 SURGEON'S DECISION TO OPERATE, 4617 02:43:53,320 --> 02:43:55,440 THE START OF THE OPERATION 4618 02:43:55,440 --> 02:43:58,880 WHICH WE DETERMINE THE DECISION 4619 02:43:58,880 --> 02:44:01,080 TO INCISION TIME, WE COMPARE 4620 02:44:01,080 --> 02:44:03,960 AND USES AS A MEASUREMENT OF 4621 02:44:03,960 --> 02:44:05,640 RESEARCH MOBILEIZATION AND TEAM 4622 02:44:05,640 --> 02:44:06,440 EFFICIENCY PROCEEDING TO THE 4623 02:44:06,440 --> 02:44:08,720 OPERATING ROOM IN AN EMERGENCY 4624 02:44:08,720 --> 02:44:09,640 SURGERY. 4625 02:44:09,640 --> 02:44:16,880 OVER A THREE YEAR PERIOD 40 4626 02:44:16,880 --> 02:44:19,120 CASES OF GONADAL, 19 WERE 4627 02:44:19,120 --> 02:44:21,160 TESTICULAR AND 21 WERE OVARIAN. 4628 02:44:21,160 --> 02:44:25,440 ALL CASES OF OVARIAN WERE 4629 02:44:25,440 --> 02:44:28,320 TREATED BY GYNECOLOGIST AND 4630 02:44:28,320 --> 02:44:29,640 TESTICULAR PROVIDED BY 4631 02:44:29,640 --> 02:44:32,320 UROLOGIST AND NONE PROVIDED 4632 02:44:32,320 --> 02:44:38,360 IN-HOUSE CALL. DTI WAS CASE 4633 02:44:38,360 --> 02:44:41,920 TIME. PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS AND 4634 02:44:41,920 --> 02:44:45,280 CHARACTERISTICS GENDER SURGEON 4635 02:44:45,280 --> 02:44:46,560 EXPERIENCE. OVERALL DECISION TO 4636 02:44:46,560 --> 02:45:01,640 INCISION TIME WAS 116 FOR 4637 02:45:01,640 --> 02:45:04,200 GONADAL TORSION. THERE'S A 4638 02:45:04,200 --> 02:45:07,240 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DECISION 4639 02:45:07,240 --> 02:45:11,120 INCISION TIME. A CUT OFF WAS AN 4640 02:45:11,120 --> 02:45:12,920 APPROPRIATE TIME, WHEN 4641 02:45:12,920 --> 02:45:18,120 COMPARING OVARIAN AND 4642 02:45:18,120 --> 02:45:19,440 TESTICULAR TORSION, PATIENTS 4643 02:45:19,440 --> 02:45:23,760 WITH OVARIAN ARE MORE LIKELY TO 4644 02:45:23,760 --> 02:45:26,720 EXPERIENCE DELAY. 90 MINUTES, 4645 02:45:26,720 --> 02:45:30,560 73% OF TESTICULAR TORSION 4646 02:45:30,560 --> 02:45:32,440 PATIENTS. WE ALSO FOUND A 4647 02:45:32,440 --> 02:45:34,920 SIMILAR TREND IN REGARD TO BMI, 4648 02:45:34,920 --> 02:45:36,080 GREATER THAN 25 WERE MORE 4649 02:45:36,080 --> 02:45:37,320 LIKELY TO HAVE A DELAY 4650 02:45:37,320 --> 02:45:38,840 PROCEEDING TO THE OPERATING 4651 02:45:38,840 --> 02:45:41,520 ROOM FOR TREATMENT. ONLY 30% 4652 02:45:41,520 --> 02:45:44,520 WITH BMI HAD DPI UNDER 90 4653 02:45:44,520 --> 02:45:46,800 MINUTES COMPARED TO 70% WITH 4654 02:45:46,800 --> 02:45:50,400 BMI LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 25. 4655 02:45:50,400 --> 02:45:52,760 OVERALL WE FOUND THAT PATIENTS 4656 02:45:52,760 --> 02:45:53,960 UNDERGOING EMERGENCY SURGERY 4657 02:45:53,960 --> 02:45:58,400 FOR TREATMENT OF OVARIAN 4658 02:45:58,400 --> 02:46:02,840 TORSION IS NEARLY DOUBLE TO 4659 02:46:02,840 --> 02:46:04,200 TESTICULAR TORSION AFTER 4660 02:46:04,200 --> 02:46:05,600 DIAGNOSIS. THERE ARE MANY 4661 02:46:05,600 --> 02:46:07,560 FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE 4662 02:46:07,560 --> 02:46:09,360 TREATMENT OF TORSION AND 4663 02:46:09,360 --> 02:46:11,880 DIAGNOSIS IS MORE DIFFICULT IN 4664 02:46:11,880 --> 02:46:14,560 OVARIAN DUE TO NON MODIFIABLE 4665 02:46:14,560 --> 02:46:16,320 FACTORS. HOWEVER, THERE SHOULD 4666 02:46:16,320 --> 02:46:19,040 BE NO DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT 4667 02:46:19,040 --> 02:46:22,720 TIME BETWEEN CASE POSTING AND 4668 02:46:22,720 --> 02:46:24,960 DECISION TO INCISION TIME. TO 4669 02:46:24,960 --> 02:46:31,080 FIND PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN 4670 02:46:31,080 --> 02:46:35,160 TORSION COMPARED TO TESTICULAR 4671 02:46:35,160 --> 02:46:36,080 TORSION IS CONCERNING. WE 4672 02:46:36,080 --> 02:46:38,720 BELIEVE IT TO BE 4673 02:46:38,720 --> 02:46:40,080 MULTIFACTORIAL, GENDER BIASES 4674 02:46:40,080 --> 02:46:41,880 AGAINST WOMEN, DIFFERENCES IN 4675 02:46:41,880 --> 02:46:43,920 SURGEON PRACTICE, LACK OF 4676 02:46:43,920 --> 02:46:45,280 EDUCATION REGARDING URGENCY OF 4677 02:46:45,280 --> 02:46:49,040 TREATMENT OF OVARIAN TORSION. 4678 02:46:49,040 --> 02:46:50,680 WE LOOK FORWARD TO FURTHER 4679 02:46:50,680 --> 02:46:53,640 VAIGT THE ROOT CAUSES OF THESE 4680 02:46:53,640 --> 02:46:55,640 DELAYS, HOWEVER, THE FIRST STEP 4681 02:46:55,640 --> 02:46:58,080 IS AWARENESS AND EDUCATION FROM 4682 02:46:58,080 --> 02:47:02,440 ALL MEMBERS OF THE TEAM, EVERY 4683 02:47:02,440 --> 02:47:03,760 PATIENT DESERVES STANDARD OF 4684 02:47:03,760 --> 02:47:05,880 CARE AND NO PATIENT SHOULD HAVE 4685 02:47:05,880 --> 02:47:07,680 DELAY IN TREATMENT DUE TO THEIR 4686 02:47:07,680 --> 02:47:10,120 GENDER. WE HOPE THIS WILL BE A 4687 02:47:10,120 --> 02:47:11,040 SPRINGBOARD FOR FURTHER ACTION. 4688 02:47:11,040 --> 02:47:12,400 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL 4689 02:47:12,400 --> 02:47:15,520 MEMBERS OF MY RESEARCH TEAM FOR 4690 02:47:15,520 --> 02:47:17,120 INPUT AND SUPPORT AND THANK YOU 4691 02:47:17,120 --> 02:47:18,360 FOR SHARING THIS RESEARCH WITH 4692 02:47:18,360 --> 02:47:19,920 YOU ALL. 4693 02:47:19,920 --> 02:47:21,880 >> WONDERFUL, THANK YOU DR. 4694 02:47:21,880 --> 02:47:22,960 SCHACHTER. THANK YOU, 4695 02:47:22,960 --> 02:47:25,000 EVERYBODY, FOR SUBMITTING YOUR 4696 02:47:25,000 --> 02:47:27,280 ABSTRACTS AND THANK YOU TO OUR 4697 02:47:27,280 --> 02:47:28,880 POSTER WINNERS FOR POSTING 4698 02:47:28,880 --> 02:47:29,800 THEIR RESEARCH TODAY. I WILL 4699 02:47:29,800 --> 02:47:32,520 HAND IT BACK TO DR. BARR WHO 4700 02:47:32,520 --> 02:47:33,600 WILL EXPLAIN HOW THE NEXT 4701 02:47:33,600 --> 02:47:35,240 PORTION OF OUR AGENDA WILL 4702 02:47:35,240 --> 02:47:37,280 PROCEED. THANK YOU. 4703 02:47:37,280 --> 02:47:39,760 >> THANK YOU. AND WE ARE NOW AT 4704 02:47:39,760 --> 02:47:41,800 THE POINT IN OUR AGENDA WHERE 4705 02:47:41,800 --> 02:47:43,400 WE WILL TRANSITION TO 4706 02:47:43,400 --> 02:47:46,000 CONCURRENT SESSIONS. THERE ARE 4707 02:47:46,000 --> 02:47:46,840 THREE CONCURRENT SESSIONS 4708 02:47:46,840 --> 02:47:48,440 TODAY. THE FIRST IN NO 4709 02:47:48,440 --> 02:47:50,240 PARTICULAR ORDER IS MEASUREMENT 4710 02:47:50,240 --> 02:47:52,520 AND METHODS, THE SECOND IS 4711 02:47:52,520 --> 02:47:54,360 MODIFIABLE FACTORS IN CLINICAL 4712 02:47:54,360 --> 02:47:56,360 INTERVENTIONS AND THE THIRD IS 4713 02:47:56,360 --> 02:47:58,200 MODIFIABLE FACTORS IN SOCIAL 4714 02:47:58,200 --> 02:47:59,800 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. THE 4715 02:47:59,800 --> 02:48:00,920 SCHEDULE OF SPEAKERS SHOWN HERE 4716 02:48:00,920 --> 02:48:02,920 ON THIS SLIDE AND FOR A MORE 4717 02:48:02,920 --> 02:48:04,720 DETAILED LIST OF PRESENTATIONS, 4718 02:48:04,720 --> 02:48:08,960 YOU MAY VIEW THE AGENDA ON THE 4719 02:48:08,960 --> 02:48:10,800 ORWH WEBSITE OR THE VIRTUAL 4720 02:48:10,800 --> 02:48:13,760 PLATFORM. 4721 02:48:13,760 --> 02:48:16,480 AUDIENCE MEMBERS VIEWING VIA 4722 02:48:16,480 --> 02:48:18,320 NIH VIDEOCAST MAY FIND LINKS 4723 02:48:18,320 --> 02:48:20,560 FOR EACH CONCURRENT SESSION ON 4724 02:48:20,560 --> 02:48:22,840 THE ORWH EVENT PAGE. YOU MAY 4725 02:48:22,840 --> 02:48:24,160 SELECT WHICH CONCURRENT SESSION 4726 02:48:24,160 --> 02:48:26,360 MOST INTERESTS YOU TO VIEW LIVE 4727 02:48:26,360 --> 02:48:28,200 AND PLEASE KNOW ALL OF THE 4728 02:48:28,200 --> 02:48:29,200 CONCURRENT SESSIONS AS WELL AS 4729 02:48:29,200 --> 02:48:32,080 THE REST OF THE DAY'S EVENTS 4730 02:48:32,080 --> 02:48:34,120 ARE GOING TO BE, THEY ARE BEING 4731 02:48:34,120 --> 02:48:35,720 RECORDED AND THEY WILL BE 4732 02:48:35,720 --> 02:48:38,240 POSTED ON THE ORWH WEBSITE. 4733 02:48:38,240 --> 02:48:39,840 SIMPLY NAVIGATE TO THE SESSION 4734 02:48:39,840 --> 02:48:41,440 OF YOUR CHOICE, IF YOU ARE IN 4735 02:48:41,440 --> 02:48:43,080 THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT BY 4736 02:48:43,080 --> 02:48:44,400 CLICKING THE CORRESPONDING JOIN 4737 02:48:44,400 --> 02:48:46,560 BUTTON ON THE VIRTUAL PLATFORM 4738 02:48:46,560 --> 02:48:49,280 AGENDA. AND AGAIN IF YOU ARE ON 4739 02:48:49,280 --> 02:48:53,040 VIDEOCAST YOU CAN SELECT THE 4740 02:48:53,040 --> 02:48:55,200 APPROPRIATE VIDEOCAST WEB LINK. 4741 02:48:55,200 --> 02:48:56,360 EACH CONCURRENT SESSION WILL BE 4742 02:48:56,360 --> 02:48:57,720 RECORDED AND MADE PUBLICLY 4743 02:48:57,720 --> 02:48:59,320 AVAILABLE AFTER THE EVENT. WE 4744 02:48:59,320 --> 02:49:02,320 ALSO INVITE YOU TO RETURN BACK 4745 02:49:02,320 --> 02:49:05,160 TO THIS LINK AT 4:00 P.M. 4746 02:49:05,160 --> 02:49:07,200 EASTERN, AT WHICH TIME WE WILL 4747 02:49:07,200 --> 02:49:08,320 HEAR BRIEF RECORDING BACK FROM 4748 02:49:08,320 --> 02:49:10,040 EACH OF THE CONCURRENT SESSIONS 4749 02:49:10,040 --> 02:49:12,680 AS WELL AS CONCLUDING REMARKS. 4750 02:49:12,680 --> 02:49:15,280 SO WITH THAT, WE WILL DEPART 4751 02:49:15,280 --> 02:49:18,760 FROM THIS STREAM AND GO TO A 4752 02:49:18,760 --> 02:49:21,000 DIFFERENT STREAM TO LEARN SOME 4753 02:49:21,000 --> 02:49:22,600 MORE. THANK YOU. 4754 02:49:22,600 --> 02:49:24,480 >> HELLO, EVERYONE. 4755 02:49:24,480 --> 02:49:26,520 SORRY FOR THE BRIEF DELAY. 4756 02:49:26,520 --> 02:49:29,320 WE ARE HAVING AN ENGAGING 4757 02:49:29,320 --> 02:49:30,520 CONVERSATION IN OUR BREAKOUT 4758 02:49:30,520 --> 02:49:30,720 SESSION. 4759 02:49:30,720 --> 02:49:32,840 I HOPE THE REST OF YOUR 4760 02:49:32,840 --> 02:49:35,000 CONCURRENT SESSIONS WERE AS 4761 02:49:35,000 --> 02:49:36,400 PRODUCTIVE AND INTERESTING. 4762 02:49:36,400 --> 02:49:38,960 AND SO, WE JUST WANT TO TAKE A 4763 02:49:38,960 --> 02:49:40,600 FEW MINUTES NOW TO HAVE A 4764 02:49:40,600 --> 02:49:42,280 HIGH-LEVEL REPORT ON THE 4765 02:49:42,280 --> 02:49:43,680 DISCUSSIONS FROM THOSE 4766 02:49:43,680 --> 02:49:45,920 CONCURRENT SESSIONS AND SOUL BE 4767 02:49:45,920 --> 02:49:47,560 HEARING FROM SOME OF OUR 4768 02:49:47,560 --> 02:49:49,040 SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP PLANNING 4769 02:49:49,040 --> 02:49:50,120 COMMITTEE MEMBERS. 4770 02:49:50,120 --> 02:49:51,720 SO, FIRST WE'RE GOING TO HEAR 4771 02:49:51,720 --> 02:49:55,760 FROM Dr. AMELIA KARRAKER IN 4772 02:49:55,760 --> 02:49:59,720 THE POPULATION AND SOCIAL 4773 02:49:59,720 --> 02:50:01,200 PROCESSES BRANCH OF THE AGING 4774 02:50:01,200 --> 02:50:06,720 DIVISION OF BE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 4775 02:50:06,720 --> 02:50:09,120 AND THE MEASURES AND METHODS 4776 02:50:09,120 --> 02:50:09,360 SESSIONS. 4777 02:50:09,360 --> 02:50:09,920 SO THANK YOU. 4778 02:50:09,920 --> 02:50:10,600 >> THANK YOU. 4779 02:50:10,600 --> 02:50:12,520 CAN YOU HEAR ME OK? 4780 02:50:12,520 --> 02:50:15,440 >> FANTASTIC. 4781 02:50:15,440 --> 02:50:19,280 SO, AS SOMEONE NOTED IN OUR 4782 02:50:19,280 --> 02:50:21,640 SESSION, DATA AND METHODS ARE 4783 02:50:21,640 --> 02:50:23,760 SORT OF CRITICAL TO THE 4784 02:50:23,760 --> 02:50:26,520 SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE OF DOING 4785 02:50:26,520 --> 02:50:28,760 RESEARCH ON DONE DER AND THE 4786 02:50:28,760 --> 02:50:32,120 SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS THAT WE CAN 4787 02:50:32,120 --> 02:50:34,720 ASK AND THE POPULATIONS AND 4788 02:50:34,720 --> 02:50:36,280 LIVES THAT ARE REPRESENTED IN 4789 02:50:36,280 --> 02:50:37,120 OUR RESEARCH. 4790 02:50:37,120 --> 02:50:39,120 SO WE REALLY HAD A LIVELY 4791 02:50:39,120 --> 02:50:40,520 DISCUSSION THAT ACTUALLY ECHOED 4792 02:50:40,520 --> 02:50:43,120 A LOT OF THE THEMES THAT ARE 4793 02:50:43,120 --> 02:50:44,280 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS AND ACTUALLY 4794 02:50:44,280 --> 02:50:46,920 SOME OF OUR POSTER WINNERS ON 4795 02:50:46,920 --> 02:50:48,920 ALSO TALKED ABOUT TO FOR 4796 02:50:48,920 --> 02:50:52,200 EXAMPLE, THE NEED FOR 4797 02:50:52,200 --> 02:50:54,080 MULTI-LEVEL MEASURES OF GENDER 4798 02:50:54,080 --> 02:50:58,880 THAT CAPTURE THE ROLE OF 4799 02:50:58,880 --> 02:51:02,640 DOMAINS, IDENTITY ROLES, 4800 02:51:02,640 --> 02:51:04,680 RELATIONSHIPS, ACROSS POLICIES 4801 02:51:04,680 --> 02:51:06,800 FROM STATE OR NATIONAL POLICIES 4802 02:51:06,800 --> 02:51:10,160 AND POLICIES WITH A CAPITOL "P" 4803 02:51:10,160 --> 02:51:12,360 SUCH AS LAWS, TO POLICIES WITH A 4804 02:51:12,360 --> 02:51:15,720 LOWER CASE" P" SO RULES AND 4805 02:51:15,720 --> 02:51:18,320 REGULATIONS AND THINKING ABOUT 4806 02:51:18,320 --> 02:51:21,800 HOW TO MEASURE IMPACTS OF 4807 02:51:21,800 --> 02:51:24,400 STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND SAYING 4808 02:51:24,400 --> 02:51:27,000 GENDER EXPERIENCES AND YOU KNOW, 4809 02:51:27,000 --> 02:51:30,160 ACROSS THE VARIETY OF 4810 02:51:30,160 --> 02:51:32,320 POPULATIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL 4811 02:51:32,320 --> 02:51:33,360 IMPACTS. 4812 02:51:33,360 --> 02:51:34,840 AND THE NEED BECAUSE GENDER IS 4813 02:51:34,840 --> 02:51:37,880 SOMETHING THAT EMBODIED AND IS 4814 02:51:37,880 --> 02:51:38,800 CONSTANTLY BEING PRACTICED AND 4815 02:51:38,800 --> 02:51:40,120 EXPERIENCED, THERE'S ALSO A 4816 02:51:40,120 --> 02:51:43,120 CONSTANT NEED TO UPDATE THE 4817 02:51:43,120 --> 02:51:44,560 MEASURES SO, WHEN WE'RE TALKING 4818 02:51:44,560 --> 02:51:47,680 ABOUT FOLKS' EXPERIENCES AND 4819 02:51:47,680 --> 02:51:51,160 SPACIAL DIMENSIONS AND CULTURAL 4820 02:51:51,160 --> 02:51:52,320 DIMENSIONS, AS WELL AS THOSE 4821 02:51:52,320 --> 02:51:55,680 THAT INTERSECT ACROSS IDENTITIES 4822 02:51:55,680 --> 02:51:57,560 AND IN ORDER TO UNDERTAKE THIS 4823 02:51:57,560 --> 02:51:59,720 WORK, WE NEED TEAMS WITHIN OUR 4824 02:51:59,720 --> 02:52:02,120 DISCIPLINARY EXPERTISE AND THAT 4825 02:52:02,120 --> 02:52:04,360 REFLECT DIVERSE CULTURAL AND 4826 02:52:04,360 --> 02:52:06,720 LIFE EXPERIENCES. 4827 02:52:06,720 --> 02:52:08,480 FOLKS TALKED ABOUT THE POWER OF 4828 02:52:08,480 --> 02:52:13,560 DATA LINKAGES, NOT JUST ACROSS 4829 02:52:13,560 --> 02:52:14,400 GEOGRAPHIC AREAS BUT ALSO 4830 02:52:14,400 --> 02:52:17,520 THINKING ABOUT INSTITUTIONS SUCH 4831 02:52:17,520 --> 02:52:18,720 AS SCHOOLS AND ANOTHER THEME 4832 02:52:18,720 --> 02:52:21,440 THAT EMERGED WAS THE IMPORTANCE 4833 02:52:21,440 --> 02:52:24,120 OF SCHOLARS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THEIR 4834 02:52:24,120 --> 02:52:25,200 POSITIONALITY AND THINKING ABOUT 4835 02:52:25,200 --> 02:52:28,560 WHAT BIAS AND VALUES RESEARCHERS 4836 02:52:28,560 --> 02:52:29,840 THEMSELVES MIGHT INTRODUCE OR 4837 02:52:29,840 --> 02:52:30,920 REINFORCE IN THEIR WORK SO ONE 4838 02:52:30,920 --> 02:52:32,880 OF THE POINTS THAT WAS RAISED 4839 02:52:32,880 --> 02:52:37,640 WAS WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GENDER 4840 02:52:37,640 --> 02:52:39,720 STEREOTYPES, SORT OF SOMEONE IS 4841 02:52:39,720 --> 02:52:41,920 TALKING ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE IF 4842 02:52:41,920 --> 02:52:43,360 YOU ARE CALLING OUT SER YO TYPES 4843 02:52:43,360 --> 02:52:44,960 AND YOU MIGHT BE REINFORCING 4844 02:52:44,960 --> 02:52:47,160 THEM AND IF YOU IGNORE THEM, 4845 02:52:47,160 --> 02:52:53,800 THEY PERSIST SO HOW TO THINK 4846 02:52:53,800 --> 02:53:00,600 ABOUT THAT IT DOESN'T REFLECT 4847 02:53:00,600 --> 02:53:02,040 THE EXPERIENCES OF A LOT OF THE 4848 02:53:02,040 --> 02:53:03,720 PEOPLE IN THE WORLD SO A NEED 4849 02:53:03,720 --> 02:53:07,000 FOR REPRESENTATION AND INCLUSION 4850 02:53:07,000 --> 02:53:08,760 OF FOLKS FROM LOWER AND MIDDLE 4851 02:53:08,760 --> 02:53:10,120 INCOME COUNTRIES AND OTHER 4852 02:53:10,120 --> 02:53:15,400 PLACES AS WELL SO, I'LL STOP 4853 02:53:15,400 --> 02:53:15,600 THERE. 4854 02:53:15,600 --> 02:53:16,320 THANK YOU. 4855 02:53:16,320 --> 02:53:19,400 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 4856 02:53:19,400 --> 02:53:24,080 SO NEXT WE'RE GOING TO HEAR FROM 4857 02:53:24,080 --> 02:53:25,880 Dr. PABLO A MEDICAL OFFICER AT 4858 02:53:25,880 --> 02:53:27,400 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 4859 02:53:27,400 --> 02:53:29,120 ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 4860 02:53:29,120 --> 02:53:31,040 AND WHO WILL TELL US ABOUT THE 4861 02:53:31,040 --> 02:53:36,120 MODIFIABLE FACTORS AND CLINICAL 4862 02:53:36,120 --> 02:53:41,240 INTERVENTIONS SESSION. 4863 02:53:41,240 --> 02:53:42,400 THANK YOU. 4864 02:53:42,400 --> 02:53:45,640 >> THANK YOU. 4865 02:53:45,640 --> 02:53:49,560 WELL, IN THE SESSION CLINICAL 4866 02:53:49,560 --> 02:53:51,400 INTERVENTIONS AND PROFESSOR 4867 02:53:51,400 --> 02:53:54,160 START BID PROVIDING FRAMEWORK 4868 02:53:54,160 --> 02:53:56,400 FOR UNDERSTANDING THE 4869 02:53:56,400 --> 02:53:58,200 PRESENTATIONS THAT FOLLOWED AND 4870 02:53:58,200 --> 02:54:01,320 SHE HAD A FRAMEWORK FOR 4871 02:54:01,320 --> 02:54:03,920 UNDERRING GENDER CONVERTING 4872 02:54:03,920 --> 02:54:05,560 IDENTITY POLLS, BEHAVIORS, 4873 02:54:05,560 --> 02:54:08,640 NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF 4874 02:54:08,640 --> 02:54:10,160 UNEQUAL AND POWER RELATIONSHIPS 4875 02:54:10,160 --> 02:54:12,720 AMONG GENDER SOCIAL GROUPS AND 4876 02:54:12,720 --> 02:54:14,320 CLEARLY EXPLAINED WHY GENDER 4877 02:54:14,320 --> 02:54:16,240 MATTERS LAYING OUT GENDER PIE AS 4878 02:54:16,240 --> 02:54:18,440 AND DISCRIMINATION MAY IMPACT 4879 02:54:18,440 --> 02:54:20,680 CLINICAL GRAPHICS AND RESEARCH 4880 02:54:20,680 --> 02:54:23,320 AND ALSO, HOW IT EFFECTS HEALTH 4881 02:54:23,320 --> 02:54:26,960 AND PROVIDERS AND HEALTHCARE 4882 02:54:26,960 --> 02:54:28,800 SYSTEMS. 4883 02:54:28,800 --> 02:54:31,080 IN THE FIRST TALK THEY TALK 4884 02:54:31,080 --> 02:54:32,800 ABOUT THE PISS TRUST OF RESEARCH 4885 02:54:32,800 --> 02:54:35,880 ACTIVITIES AND THE RESEARCHERS 4886 02:54:35,880 --> 02:54:37,640 IN INVOLVE INVOLVING PRE 4887 02:54:37,640 --> 02:54:41,160 EXPOSURE FOR HIV AND TRIALS IN 4888 02:54:41,160 --> 02:54:43,640 LIMA, PERU AND SHE WOMEN 4889 02:54:43,640 --> 02:54:44,600 MISTRUST AS RISING FROM A SERIES 4890 02:54:44,600 --> 02:54:47,440 OF ISOLATED SHORT TERM RESEARCH 4891 02:54:47,440 --> 02:54:49,280 PROJECTS NOT INTEGRATED INTO 4892 02:54:49,280 --> 02:54:51,120 HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS AND IN THE 4893 02:54:51,120 --> 02:54:54,600 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF A 4894 02:54:54,600 --> 02:54:56,920 PROBLEMATIC IMPLEMENTATION. 4895 02:54:56,920 --> 02:54:58,480 TRANSGENDER WOMEN'S MISTRUST IS 4896 02:54:58,480 --> 02:55:01,080 AMPLIFIED THROUGH PARADOXES THAT 4897 02:55:01,080 --> 02:55:04,240 SUGGEST TO THEM THEY ARE KEY 4898 02:55:04,240 --> 02:55:05,800 EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS BUT NOT 4899 02:55:05,800 --> 02:55:07,800 TARGET OUTSIDE OF RESEARCH 4900 02:55:07,800 --> 02:55:08,080 SETTINGS. 4901 02:55:08,080 --> 02:55:11,320 IN RECOGNIZING THE BIG 4902 02:55:11,320 --> 02:55:13,160 CLASSIFIED KEY POPULATION 4903 02:55:13,160 --> 02:55:14,840 TRANSGENDER WOMEN'S MISTRUST IS 4904 02:55:14,840 --> 02:55:19,040 BOTH PERVASIVE AND JUSTIFIED AND 4905 02:55:19,040 --> 02:55:21,160 FOR FINDINGS THEY NEED TO ROW 4906 02:55:21,160 --> 02:55:24,520 FRAME MISTRUST, NOT AS TRANS 4907 02:55:24,520 --> 02:55:26,240 WOMEN TO READDRESS TO EDUCATION 4908 02:55:26,240 --> 02:55:28,720 AND OUTREACH BUT SYSTEMIC 4909 02:55:28,720 --> 02:55:30,160 INSTITUTIONAL AND INDUCE 4910 02:55:30,160 --> 02:55:31,200 TREMENDOUS LEVEL PROBLEM THAT IS 4911 02:55:31,200 --> 02:55:33,320 PRODUCED BY AND MUST BE 4912 02:55:33,320 --> 02:55:36,920 CORRECTED BY POLICIES THAT GO ON 4913 02:55:36,920 --> 02:55:40,560 HIV SIDES AND THIS WORK IS 4914 02:55:40,560 --> 02:55:42,720 POLITICAL AND REQUIRES 4915 02:55:42,720 --> 02:55:43,680 ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITY 4916 02:55:43,680 --> 02:55:47,360 MEMBERS AND COMMUNITY BASED 4917 02:55:47,360 --> 02:55:47,960 ORGANIZATIONS. 4918 02:55:47,960 --> 02:55:50,480 NEXT THERE WAS A FRAMEWORK FOR 4919 02:55:50,480 --> 02:55:53,120 HEALTH COMMUNITY INTERVENTION 4920 02:55:53,120 --> 02:55:55,240 BASED ON AN ALTERNATIVE 4921 02:55:55,240 --> 02:55:56,280 UNDERSTANDING OF INDIGENOUS 4922 02:55:56,280 --> 02:55:59,360 RELATION AND STRUCTURAL 4923 02:55:59,360 --> 02:55:59,640 VIOLENCE. 4924 02:55:59,640 --> 02:56:01,480 SHE TRIED TO UNDERSTAND THE 4925 02:56:01,480 --> 02:56:02,680 RESEARCH PRODUCTIONS AND 4926 02:56:02,680 --> 02:56:06,040 STRUCTURE AND WHAT IT'S DRIVEN 4927 02:56:06,040 --> 02:56:06,200 BY. 4928 02:56:06,200 --> 02:56:07,320 SHER WORK IS THE STATUS OF WOMEN 4929 02:56:07,320 --> 02:56:09,120 WHICH WAS ONE OF RESPECT AND HOW 4930 02:56:09,120 --> 02:56:13,720 IT LED TO EXTREME VIOLENCE AND 4931 02:56:13,720 --> 02:56:14,160 MISTREATMENT. 4932 02:56:14,160 --> 02:56:15,600 THAT LED TO DEVELOPMENT OF 4933 02:56:15,600 --> 02:56:17,840 VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS 4934 02:56:17,840 --> 02:56:19,520 BUILDING A PERSPECTIVE IN A 4935 02:56:19,520 --> 02:56:21,880 PILOT STUDY, SHE SHOWED THAT NOT 4936 02:56:21,880 --> 02:56:23,320 INTERVENTION AT THE COMMUNITY 4937 02:56:23,320 --> 02:56:25,040 FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL LEVELS 4938 02:56:25,040 --> 02:56:27,560 AIMING FOR LIBERATION FROM THE 4939 02:56:27,560 --> 02:56:31,520 PAR TREE ARCUAL AND COLONIAL AS 4940 02:56:31,520 --> 02:56:34,760 SET HAD ALCOHOL ABSORBION AMONG 4941 02:56:34,760 --> 02:56:38,440 MEN AND WOMEN AND IT'S TRIBAL 4942 02:56:38,440 --> 02:56:40,160 CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND 4943 02:56:40,160 --> 02:56:42,200 RELATION FRAMEWORK OF HISS 4944 02:56:42,200 --> 02:56:44,600 TORQUE ALLO EXPRESSION AND 4945 02:56:44,600 --> 02:56:46,880 RESILIENCE AND FOCUSES ON 4946 02:56:46,880 --> 02:56:49,360 SUPPORTING INTER FAMILY AND 4947 02:56:49,360 --> 02:56:50,160 INTER COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS 4948 02:56:50,160 --> 02:56:54,200 BASED ON INDIGENOUS AND PAR TREE 4949 02:56:54,200 --> 02:56:57,200 ARCUAL, MAY TREE LOCAL AND 4950 02:56:57,200 --> 02:57:05,840 ACKNOWLEDGED GENDER FLUIDITY AND 4951 02:57:05,840 --> 02:57:08,800 FOSTER BONDS AND TRADITIONS AND 4952 02:57:08,800 --> 02:57:11,880 SPIRITUALITY FAITH AND CULTURAL 4953 02:57:11,880 --> 02:57:12,840 HEALING. 4954 02:57:12,840 --> 02:57:15,440 FINALLY, IN HER TALK ABOUT THE 4955 02:57:15,440 --> 02:57:17,920 CORROSIVE IMPACT OF HARASSMENT, 4956 02:57:17,920 --> 02:57:19,800 Dr. SALAS PROVIDED WITH A 4957 02:57:19,800 --> 02:57:23,840 DEVASTATING PAN A MA'AM PAN A RAM A THAT 4958 02:57:23,840 --> 02:57:25,720 EFFECT WOMEN ASK MINORITIES AND 4959 02:57:25,720 --> 02:57:28,440 PROVIDED HOW GENDER LIMITS 4960 02:57:28,440 --> 02:57:29,600 WOMEN'S OPPORTUNITY AND AK A 4961 02:57:29,600 --> 02:57:31,400 DOMIA IN MEDICINE DESPITE 4962 02:57:31,400 --> 02:57:32,680 EVIDENCE THAT WOMEN ARE 4963 02:57:32,680 --> 02:57:33,960 HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND TEND TO 4964 02:57:33,960 --> 02:57:36,120 SHOW MORE CONCERN AND EMPATHY ON 4965 02:57:36,120 --> 02:57:37,640 WELLNESS OF THEIR TEAM MEMBERS 4966 02:57:37,640 --> 02:57:39,280 WHEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS. 4967 02:57:39,280 --> 02:57:41,640 SHE POINTS OUT AT THE POTENTIAL 4968 02:57:41,640 --> 02:57:43,400 ROLE THAT AT NIH THAT THE 4969 02:57:43,400 --> 02:57:44,720 FUNDERS AND RESEARCH AND 4970 02:57:44,720 --> 02:57:46,880 CLINICAL INSTITUTIONS MAY HAVE 4971 02:57:46,880 --> 02:57:49,680 SETTING AN EXAMPLE AND FUNDING 4972 02:57:49,680 --> 02:57:50,600 RESEARCH OF THE GENDER BIAS 4973 02:57:50,600 --> 02:57:52,840 UNDER RESEARCH OF CLINICAL 4974 02:57:52,840 --> 02:57:54,200 WORKFORCE AND TO IMPROVE CULTURE 4975 02:57:54,200 --> 02:57:57,120 AND CLIMATE TO CREATE A 4976 02:57:57,120 --> 02:58:00,520 EQUITABLE ENVIRONMENTS. 4977 02:58:00,520 --> 02:58:00,880 THANK YOU. 4978 02:58:00,880 --> 02:58:04,720 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 4979 02:58:04,720 --> 02:58:09,320 WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOU TAKING 4980 02:58:09,320 --> 02:58:10,280 THOSE THOROUGH NUTS AND GIVING 4981 02:58:10,280 --> 02:58:11,640 US THE DETAILS ON YOUR SESSION 4982 02:58:11,640 --> 02:58:15,280 AND FINALLY WE'LL HEAR FROM 4983 02:58:15,280 --> 02:58:18,040 SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 4984 02:58:18,040 --> 02:58:20,000 ADMINISTRATOR AT THE OFFICE OF 4985 02:58:20,000 --> 02:58:21,160 BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 4986 02:58:21,160 --> 02:58:22,520 RESEARCH WHO WILL TELL US ABOUT 4987 02:58:22,520 --> 02:58:23,880 THE MODIFIABLE FACTORS AND 4988 02:58:23,880 --> 02:58:26,400 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 4989 02:58:26,400 --> 02:58:27,920 SESSIONS. 4990 02:58:27,920 --> 02:58:28,320 SO THANK YOU. 4991 02:58:28,320 --> 02:58:30,920 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 4992 02:58:30,920 --> 02:58:32,120 I WILL BE SHARING JUST A BIT 4993 02:58:32,120 --> 02:58:34,600 ABOUT THE INCREDIBLE INFORMATION 4994 02:58:34,600 --> 02:58:37,160 THAT WAS JUT COVERED IN THE 4995 02:58:37,160 --> 02:58:38,800 REALLY ROBUST CONVERSATION THAT 4996 02:58:38,800 --> 02:58:40,480 WE HAD AFTERWARDS AND IN THIS 4997 02:58:40,480 --> 02:58:43,120 SESSION WE HEARD FROM Dr. SIM 4998 02:58:43,120 --> 02:58:44,680 ARY, GRIFFITH AND BOAK AND IT 4999 02:58:44,680 --> 02:58:47,400 WAS MODERATED BY Dr. JORDAN 5000 02:58:47,400 --> 02:58:49,040 YOUNG AND Dr. JORDAN YOUNG 5001 02:58:49,040 --> 02:58:50,800 HIGHLIGHTED THAT GENDER ISN'T 5002 02:58:50,800 --> 02:58:52,920 JUST A FANCY WORD FOR WOMEN, MEN 5003 02:58:52,920 --> 02:58:56,120 HAVE GENDER TOO AND GENDER IS A 5004 02:58:56,120 --> 02:58:59,480 SET OF EVOLVING SOCIAL PROCESSES 5005 02:58:59,480 --> 02:59:01,120 THAT ARE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED 5006 02:59:01,120 --> 02:59:02,320 ACROSS POPULATION AND CO 5007 02:59:02,320 --> 02:59:04,320 DETERMINED WITH OTHER EVOLVING 5008 02:59:04,320 --> 02:59:05,360 HIERARCHIES AND SYSTEMS AND SHE 5009 02:59:05,360 --> 02:59:08,200 CALLED ATTENTION TO GENDER AS A 5010 02:59:08,200 --> 02:59:09,720 DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS AND IT'S 5011 02:59:09,720 --> 02:59:12,520 PERVASIVE AND NOT MONOLITHIC AND 5012 02:59:12,520 --> 02:59:17,000 IT'S CROSS CUT BY RACE, 5013 02:59:17,000 --> 02:59:20,080 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND 5014 02:59:20,080 --> 02:59:22,440 DISABILITY, AND OTHER SOCIAL 5015 02:59:22,440 --> 02:59:27,080 HIERARCHIES AND THERE'S A LOT OF 5016 02:59:27,080 --> 02:59:27,400 HETEROGENEITY. 5017 02:59:27,400 --> 02:59:32,680 SHE ALSO NOTED THAT RACE NEUTRAL 5018 02:59:32,680 --> 02:59:35,120 INTERVENTIONS HAVE EXACERBATED 5019 02:59:35,120 --> 02:59:37,040 RAISIN EQUALITIES AND LIKELY 5020 02:59:37,040 --> 02:59:41,040 THAT GENDER OPERATES IN THE SAME 5021 02:59:41,040 --> 02:59:41,520 WAY. 5022 02:59:41,520 --> 02:59:47,280 Dr. SIMARI FOCUSED ON STRUCK 5023 02:59:47,280 --> 02:59:49,640 ACTUAL XENOPHOBIA WITH A 5024 02:59:49,640 --> 02:59:53,200 PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON CISGENDER 5025 02:59:53,200 --> 02:59:54,800 FEMALE IMMIGRANTS AND SHE SHARED 5026 02:59:54,800 --> 02:59:56,840 FINDINGS RELATED TO THE 5027 02:59:56,840 --> 02:59:58,440 IMMIGRANT POLICY AND XENOPHOBIA 5028 02:59:58,440 --> 03:00:00,240 AT THE STATE LEVEL THAT COVERS 5029 03:00:00,240 --> 03:00:02,080 FIVE DOMAINS, PUBLIC-HEALTH AND 5030 03:00:02,080 --> 03:00:03,520 WELFARE, HIGHER EDUCATION, LABOR 5031 03:00:03,520 --> 03:00:05,280 AND EMPLOYMENT, IDENTIFICATION 5032 03:00:05,280 --> 03:00:07,680 AND IMMIGRANT ENFORCEMENT AND 5033 03:00:07,680 --> 03:00:10,000 SHE ALSO SHARED FINDINGS FROM 5034 03:00:10,000 --> 03:00:11,120 QUALITATIVE STUDY TOLE RATE IS 5035 03:00:11,120 --> 03:00:14,160 THE CHOICES OF IMMIGRANTS AND 5036 03:00:14,160 --> 03:00:16,440 PRESENTED FINDINGS AT AROUND 5037 03:00:16,440 --> 03:00:18,560 FOUR THEMES OF XENOPHOBIA 5038 03:00:18,560 --> 03:00:20,560 INCLUDING IMMIGRATION POLICY, 5039 03:00:20,560 --> 03:00:21,960 IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT, 5040 03:00:21,960 --> 03:00:23,880 INTERPERSONAL RACISM AND 5041 03:00:23,880 --> 03:00:29,120 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION AND THIS 5042 03:00:29,120 --> 03:00:32,320 WORK REALLY HIGHLIGHTED THAT 5043 03:00:32,320 --> 03:00:33,840 STRUCTURAL XENOPHOBIA INTER 5044 03:00:33,840 --> 03:00:35,280 PLAYS WITH OTHER FORMS AND 5045 03:00:35,280 --> 03:00:37,880 SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION AND TO 5046 03:00:37,880 --> 03:00:41,120 GREATLY IMPACT HEALTH. 5047 03:00:41,120 --> 03:00:43,640 Dr. GRIFFITH FOCUSED ON 5048 03:00:43,640 --> 03:00:46,560 CENTERS MEN'S HEALTH EQUITY IN 5049 03:00:46,560 --> 03:00:47,360 HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH. 5050 03:00:47,360 --> 03:00:50,000 HE SHARED A LOT ABOUT THE 5051 03:00:50,000 --> 03:00:51,520 NARRATIVES AROUND MEN'S HEALTH 5052 03:00:51,520 --> 03:00:56,480 AND BEING ROOTED IN LETTER 5053 03:00:56,480 --> 03:01:06,880 ACTIVITY AN -- AND HEALSO SHARED A BIT ABO UT HOW THE 5054 03:01:06,880 --> 03:01:10,360 PROBLEM WITH THAT IS IT ASSUMES 5055 03:01:10,360 --> 03:01:15,120 A HOMOGENEOUS APPROACH FOR 5056 03:01:15,120 --> 03:01:17,960 SOLVING HEALTH-RELATED CONCERNS 5057 03:01:17,960 --> 03:01:19,520 FOR MEN. 5058 03:01:19,520 --> 03:01:22,600 AND THAT IT DOES NOT REFLECT HOW 5059 03:01:22,600 --> 03:01:26,240 MEN ACTUALLY DEFINE THEIR 5060 03:01:26,240 --> 03:01:30,200 ASPIRATIONAL GOALS AND IDEALS. 5061 03:01:30,200 --> 03:01:35,760 HE HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLE OF 5062 03:01:35,760 --> 03:01:37,160 SYNDEMICS IN INTERSECTIONALITY 5063 03:01:37,160 --> 03:01:41,400 USING THE CASE OF BLACK MEN AND 5064 03:01:41,400 --> 03:01:42,520 COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 5065 03:01:42,520 --> 03:01:44,320 AND ALSO, HIGHLIGHTED THE 5066 03:01:44,320 --> 03:01:46,760 APPLICATION OF INTERSECTIONALITY 5067 03:01:46,760 --> 03:01:49,640 TO BLACK MEN'S DISPROPORTIONATE 5068 03:01:49,640 --> 03:01:54,080 COVID-19 MORTALITY. 5069 03:01:54,080 --> 03:01:57,000 AND THE THIRD SPEAKER AND OUR 5070 03:01:57,000 --> 03:01:58,920 SESSION WAS Dr. BULLOCK WHO 5071 03:01:58,920 --> 03:02:00,440 FOCUSED ON INTERSECTIONAL 5072 03:02:00,440 --> 03:02:01,440 INEQUITIES AND THE FEMALE 5073 03:02:01,440 --> 03:02:05,000 INIZATION OF POVERTY AND NOTED 5074 03:02:05,000 --> 03:02:06,760 THAT WOMEN ACROSS ALL SOCIAL 5075 03:02:06,760 --> 03:02:09,480 GROUPS, PARTICULARLY WOMEN OF 5076 03:02:09,480 --> 03:02:12,560 COLOR, ARE MOST LIKELY TO 5077 03:02:12,560 --> 03:02:14,720 EXPERIENCE POVERTY AND POVERTY 5078 03:02:14,720 --> 03:02:16,520 IS A MODIFIABLE FACTOR OF HEALTH 5079 03:02:16,520 --> 03:02:19,680 AND MUST BE EXPLORED USING AN 5080 03:02:19,680 --> 03:02:21,000 INTERSECTIONAL LENSE 5081 03:02:21,000 --> 03:02:22,160 UNDERSTANDING THE INTERLOCKING 5082 03:02:22,160 --> 03:02:25,440 SYSTEMS OF POWER AND PROCESSION 5083 03:02:25,440 --> 03:02:28,480 OF THE MACRO AND MICRO MESO AND 5084 03:02:28,480 --> 03:02:29,760 THE HEALTH STREAM MODEL AND 5085 03:02:29,760 --> 03:02:32,520 REALLY EMPHASIZED UNDERSTAND THE 5086 03:02:32,520 --> 03:02:35,440 ROOT CAUSES OF HEALTH INEQUITIES 5087 03:02:35,440 --> 03:02:38,400 AND PRESENTED SOME FINDINGS FROM 5088 03:02:38,400 --> 03:02:42,760 TWO DIFFERENT STUDIES, ONE ABOUT 5089 03:02:42,760 --> 03:02:46,200 PATHWAYS TO ECONOMIC AND HOUSING 5090 03:02:46,200 --> 03:02:49,600 PRO CARE TEE AMONG UNHOUSED 5091 03:02:49,600 --> 03:02:53,280 MOTHERS AND AS WELL AS EXPLORING 5092 03:02:53,280 --> 03:02:56,640 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FINANCIAL 5093 03:02:56,640 --> 03:02:57,840 SERVICES, MAINSTREAM FINANCIAL 5094 03:02:57,840 --> 03:03:00,680 SERVICES AND ALTERNATIVES 5095 03:03:00,680 --> 03:03:04,280 SERVICES SUCH AS PAY DAY LOANS, 5096 03:03:04,280 --> 03:03:08,200 PREDATORY LENDERS AND THEIR 5097 03:03:08,200 --> 03:03:11,440 DISTRIBUTION AMONG A COMMUNITY 5098 03:03:11,440 --> 03:03:13,120 SETTING IN ONE COMMUNITY THAT 5099 03:03:13,120 --> 03:03:15,040 WAS HIGHER INCOME AND ANOTHER 5100 03:03:15,040 --> 03:03:22,480 THAT WAS LOWER CHIN AND INCOME AND UNEQUAL 5101 03:03:22,480 --> 03:03:23,400 DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREDATORY 5102 03:03:23,400 --> 03:03:25,840 LENDING SERVICES AMONG THE LOW 5103 03:03:25,840 --> 03:03:29,120 INCOME COMMUNITY OF COLOR. 5104 03:03:29,120 --> 03:03:31,440 AND ULTIMATELY HIGHLIGHTED THE 5105 03:03:31,440 --> 03:03:32,880 WAYS THAT SOCIAL SAFETY NET AND 5106 03:03:32,880 --> 03:03:36,040 PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ARE 5107 03:03:36,040 --> 03:03:37,560 THEMSELVES STRUCTURED BY SEXISM 5108 03:03:37,560 --> 03:03:39,480 AND RACISM AND PROMISE THAT 5109 03:03:39,480 --> 03:03:41,240 PROVIDE UNIVERSAL BENEFITS START 5110 03:03:41,240 --> 03:03:42,400 TO MOVE IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION. 5111 03:03:42,400 --> 03:03:44,080 I THINK ACROSS ALL SESSIONS WE 5112 03:03:44,080 --> 03:03:50,840 HEARD A LOT ABOUT THE NEED FOR 5113 03:03:50,840 --> 03:03:55,160 THESE SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION ARE 5114 03:03:55,160 --> 03:03:56,000 INTERLOCKING AND REQUIRE 5115 03:03:56,000 --> 03:04:04,200 THOUGHTFUL AND MULTI-LEVEL 5116 03:04:04,200 --> 03:04:04,920 APPROACHES. 5117 03:04:04,920 --> 03:04:06,720 >> A HUGE THANK YOU TO OUR 5118 03:04:06,720 --> 03:04:08,000 PANELISTS ACROSS ALL THREE 5119 03:04:08,000 --> 03:04:11,640 SESSIONS AND OUR SESSION CHAIRS 5120 03:04:11,640 --> 03:04:13,400 AND EVERYBODY AND I'M GOING TO 5121 03:04:13,400 --> 03:04:15,200 TURN IT BACK OVER TO Dr. 5122 03:04:15,200 --> 03:04:17,040 ELIZABETH BARR TO PROVIDE 5123 03:04:17,040 --> 03:04:21,640 CLOSING REMARKS BEFORE WE CAN 5124 03:04:21,640 --> 03:04:22,320 CONCLUDE TODAY. 5125 03:04:22,320 --> 03:04:24,800 >> THANK YOU, Dr. POPKIN. 5126 03:04:24,800 --> 03:04:32,160 DO I HAVE SLIDE CONTROL? 5127 03:04:32,160 --> 03:04:33,600 >> NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 5128 03:04:33,600 --> 03:04:35,600 SO WE KNOW AND WE HAVE HEARD 5129 03:04:35,600 --> 03:04:38,120 TODAY HOW BIOLOGY SOCIETY AND 5130 03:04:38,120 --> 03:04:39,720 POLICY INFLUENCE HEALTH. 5131 03:04:39,720 --> 03:04:41,040 CONSIDERATION OF SEX AND GENDER 5132 03:04:41,040 --> 03:04:43,600 IN RESEARCH IS CRITICAL TO 5133 03:04:43,600 --> 03:04:45,520 ADVANCING THE NIH MISSION OF 5134 03:04:45,520 --> 03:04:48,480 SEEKING KNOWLEDGE TO ENHANCE 5135 03:04:48,480 --> 03:04:50,960 HEALTH, LENGTHEN LIFE AND REDUCE 5136 03:04:50,960 --> 03:04:51,200 ILLNESS. 5137 03:04:51,200 --> 03:04:52,960 THE NIH INCLUSION ACROSS THE 5138 03:04:52,960 --> 03:04:55,880 LIFESPAN POLICIES AND SAB 5139 03:04:55,880 --> 03:04:57,560 POLICIES ARE AIMED AT ENSURING 5140 03:04:57,560 --> 03:04:58,720 THESE VARIABLES ARE CONSIDERED 5141 03:04:58,720 --> 03:05:01,760 IN RESEARCH. 5142 03:05:01,760 --> 03:05:04,320 OTHER NATIONAL ACTION HAVE 5143 03:05:04,320 --> 03:05:07,920 POLICIES AND THE CANADIAN 5144 03:05:07,920 --> 03:05:11,880 INSTITUTION OF PLUS POLICY AND 5145 03:05:11,880 --> 03:05:16,320 EFFECT IN 2009 AND THE EUROPEAN 5146 03:05:16,320 --> 03:05:18,640 COMMISSION HORIZON EUROPE HAS 5147 03:05:18,640 --> 03:05:20,520 THE EXPECTATION THAT GENDER, THE 5148 03:05:20,520 --> 03:05:21,920 GENDER DIMENSION WILL BE 5149 03:05:21,920 --> 03:05:24,400 INTEGRATED INTO RESEARCH AND 5150 03:05:24,400 --> 03:05:26,080 INNOVATION BY DEFAULT. 5151 03:05:26,080 --> 03:05:32,120 WE'VE HEARD PRESENTATIONS TODAY 5152 03:05:32,120 --> 03:05:33,720 UNDER SCORING THE COMPLEX 5153 03:05:33,720 --> 03:05:36,080 EFFECTS THAT GENDER, AT MULTIPLE 5154 03:05:36,080 --> 03:05:37,400 DOMAINS, HAS ON HEALTH. 5155 03:05:37,400 --> 03:05:38,600 AND OUR SPEAKERS HAVE UNDER 5156 03:05:38,600 --> 03:05:40,840 SCORED THE IMPORTANCE OF 5157 03:05:40,840 --> 03:05:42,520 CAREFUL, INTERSECTIONAL, AND 5158 03:05:42,520 --> 03:05:44,320 RIGOROUS APPROACHES TO STUDYING 5159 03:05:44,320 --> 03:05:45,960 GENDER AND HEALTH. 5160 03:05:45,960 --> 03:05:48,120 WE'VE ALSO HEARD HOW 5161 03:05:48,120 --> 03:05:49,720 DISENTANGLING THE INFLUENCE OF 5162 03:05:49,720 --> 03:05:51,880 SEX, GENDER OR BOTH ON HEALTH IS 5163 03:05:51,880 --> 03:05:55,080 A COMPLEX UNDERTAKING AND THAT 5164 03:05:55,080 --> 03:05:57,160 NIH SUPPORTED RESEARCH IN THIS 5165 03:05:57,160 --> 03:06:03,400 SPACE, HAS BEEN LIMITED TO 5166 03:06:03,400 --> 03:06:03,600 THESE. 5167 03:06:03,600 --> 03:06:05,280 WE ARE HEART END BUT NOT AT ALL 5168 03:06:05,280 --> 03:06:07,440 SURPRISED AT THE HIGH LEVEL OF 5169 03:06:07,440 --> 03:06:11,160 INTEREST INTO THESE EVENTS. 5170 03:06:11,160 --> 03:06:16,920 WE HAVE AND MANY MORE JOINED US 5171 03:06:16,920 --> 03:06:19,040 VIA NIH VIDEO CAST WHICH 5172 03:06:19,040 --> 03:06:22,560 PROVIDES A CLEAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS 5173 03:06:22,560 --> 03:06:23,760 DEMONSTRATION OF HUGE INTEREST 5174 03:06:23,760 --> 03:06:26,000 AND ENERGY AND ENTHUSIASM FOR 5175 03:06:26,000 --> 03:06:27,720 GENDER RESPONSIVE AND GENDER 5176 03:06:27,720 --> 03:06:29,280 TRANSFORMATIVE APPROACHES TO 5177 03:06:29,280 --> 03:06:30,080 HEALTH RESEARCH. 5178 03:06:30,080 --> 03:06:31,520 AND WE HEAR YOU. 5179 03:06:31,520 --> 03:06:33,520 AND WE AGREE THAT CAREFUL 5180 03:06:33,520 --> 03:06:35,320 NUANCED AND RIGOROUS INTEGRATION 5181 03:06:35,320 --> 03:06:37,720 OF GENDER IN HEALTH RESEARCH CAN 5182 03:06:37,720 --> 03:06:41,120 HELP TO BOTH UNDERSTAND AND 5183 03:06:41,120 --> 03:06:42,720 INTERVENE UPON THE SOCIAL AND 5184 03:06:42,720 --> 03:06:45,320 STRUCTURAL FORCES THAT LEAD TO 5185 03:06:45,320 --> 03:06:48,520 DIS PER AT HEALTH OUTCOMES AND 5186 03:06:48,520 --> 03:06:50,160 PERPETUATE HEALTH INEQUITY AND 5187 03:06:50,160 --> 03:06:51,520 IT'S CLEAR HOW HIGH THE STAKES 5188 03:06:51,520 --> 03:06:54,400 ARE FOR GENDER RELATED RESEARCH. 5189 03:06:54,400 --> 03:06:55,920 AS SOCIAL LANDSCAPES CONTINUE TO 5190 03:06:55,920 --> 03:06:57,920 SHIFT ACROSS THE U.S. AND 5191 03:06:57,920 --> 03:07:00,200 GLOBALLY, ORWH AND OUR NIH 5192 03:07:00,200 --> 03:07:02,240 PARTNERS ARE COMMITTED TO 5193 03:07:02,240 --> 03:07:03,640 FOSTERING OPPORTUNITIES FOR 5194 03:07:03,640 --> 03:07:06,120 COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP. 5195 03:07:06,120 --> 03:07:07,320 TWO OPPORTUNITIES FOR 5196 03:07:07,320 --> 03:07:08,840 COLLABORATION AND CONTINUED 5197 03:07:08,840 --> 03:07:10,960 ENGAGEMENT ARE SHOWN HERE ON 5198 03:07:10,960 --> 03:07:11,880 THIS SLIDE. 5199 03:07:11,880 --> 03:07:12,960 FOLLOWING TODAY'S EVENT, WE WILL 5200 03:07:12,960 --> 03:07:15,440 BE SUPPORTING THE FORMATION OF 5201 03:07:15,440 --> 03:07:16,840 AFFINITY GROUPS, THE PURPOSE OF 5202 03:07:16,840 --> 03:07:18,720 THESE AFFINITY GROUPS IS TO 5203 03:07:18,720 --> 03:07:21,120 PROMOTE DIALOGUE AND ENCOURAGE 5204 03:07:21,120 --> 03:07:23,000 CROSS DISCIPLINARY 5205 03:07:23,000 --> 03:07:24,080 COLLABORATIONS, AND 5206 03:07:24,080 --> 03:07:25,520 COMMUNICATIONS AMONG RESEARCHERS 5207 03:07:25,520 --> 03:07:27,320 AND SCHOLARS AND INTERESTED IN 5208 03:07:27,320 --> 03:07:28,520 SIMILAR TOPICS. 5209 03:07:28,520 --> 03:07:30,160 THESE AFFINITY GROUPS WILL NOT 5210 03:07:30,160 --> 03:07:33,320 BE NIH LED ALTHOUGH NIH STAFF 5211 03:07:33,320 --> 03:07:34,400 WILL PARTICIPATE. 5212 03:07:34,400 --> 03:07:36,640 WE'LL ALSO BE HOSTING TWO MEET 5213 03:07:36,640 --> 03:07:38,520 THE PROGRAM OFFICERS SESSIONS 5214 03:07:38,520 --> 03:07:40,920 WHICH ARE INTEND TODAY PROVIDE 5215 03:07:40,920 --> 03:07:43,040 POTENTIAL AND NIH APPLICANTS AND 5216 03:07:43,040 --> 03:07:44,520 OPPORTUNITIES TO DISCUSS THEIR 5217 03:07:44,520 --> 03:07:46,520 PROJECTS WITH NIH PROGRAM 5218 03:07:46,520 --> 03:07:46,880 OFFICERS. 5219 03:07:46,880 --> 03:07:48,640 YOU CAN INTERNET CADE YOUR 5220 03:07:48,640 --> 03:07:50,080 INTEREST IN THESE OPPORTUNITIES 5221 03:07:50,080 --> 03:07:51,880 AND OTHERS BY USING THE LINK 5222 03:07:51,880 --> 03:07:55,160 THAT IS IN THE CHAT AND OR 5223 03:07:55,160 --> 03:07:56,800 SCANNING THE QR CODE SHOWN HERE. 5224 03:07:56,800 --> 03:07:58,800 I ALSO WANT TO REMIND EVERYONE, 5225 03:07:58,800 --> 03:08:00,920 AS WE'VE MENTIONED, A FEW TIMES 5226 03:08:00,920 --> 03:08:02,720 TODAY, THAT RECORDINGS OF ALL OF 5227 03:08:02,720 --> 03:08:04,280 TODAY'S SESSIONS WILL BE 5228 03:08:04,280 --> 03:08:06,280 AVAILABLE ON THE VIDEO CAST 5229 03:08:06,280 --> 03:08:08,360 LINKS, WHICH ARE ON THE ORWH 5230 03:08:08,360 --> 03:08:11,160 EVENT PAGE, AND WILL BE 5231 03:08:11,160 --> 03:08:12,720 INCLUDING THOSE IN A POST EVENT 5232 03:08:12,720 --> 03:08:17,400 E-MAIL THAT WILL BE SENT TO ALL 5233 03:08:17,400 --> 03:08:17,880 REGISTRANTS. 5234 03:08:17,880 --> 03:08:19,760 AS WE BEGIN TO WRAP-UP THE DAY, 5235 03:08:19,760 --> 03:08:21,640 I REALLY WOULD LIKE TO THANK 5236 03:08:21,640 --> 03:08:23,120 EACH OF THE EXCELLENT PRESENTERS 5237 03:08:23,120 --> 03:08:24,840 FOR PARTICIPATING IN TODAY'S 5238 03:08:24,840 --> 03:08:28,120 WORKSHOP AND IT HAS BEEN A POWER 5239 03:08:28,120 --> 03:08:30,720 HOUSE LINEUP REALLY BEYOND OUR 5240 03:08:30,720 --> 03:08:32,000 WILDEST DREAMS AND THAT ALL OF 5241 03:08:32,000 --> 03:08:34,600 YOU WERE ABLE TO ACCEPT OUR 5242 03:08:34,600 --> 03:08:36,520 INVITATION TO PRESENT AND 5243 03:08:36,520 --> 03:08:38,120 DELIVER SUCH COMPREHENSIVE 5244 03:08:38,120 --> 03:08:39,600 THOUGHTFUL, AND REALLY 5245 03:08:39,600 --> 03:08:43,000 CHALLENGING PRESENTATIONS. 5246 03:08:43,000 --> 03:08:44,920 WE APPRECIATE, DEEPLY, YOUR 5247 03:08:44,920 --> 03:08:47,480 SUPPORT OF THE ORWH MISSION TO 5248 03:08:47,480 --> 03:08:48,400 ADVANCE RESEARCH ON THE HEALTH 5249 03:08:48,400 --> 03:08:49,200 OF WOMEN. 5250 03:08:49,200 --> 03:08:51,480 THIS WORKSHOP HAS BEEN YEARS IN 5251 03:08:51,480 --> 03:08:53,000 THE MAKING AND IT WOULD NOT HAVE 5252 03:08:53,000 --> 03:08:54,520 BEEN POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE 5253 03:08:54,520 --> 03:08:55,320 INCREDIBLE EFFORTS OF THE 5254 03:08:55,320 --> 03:08:57,320 WORKSHOP PLANNING COMMITTEE 5255 03:08:57,320 --> 03:08:59,120 SHOWN HERE AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF 5256 03:08:59,120 --> 03:09:01,840 THE ORWH COMMUNICATION AND 5257 03:09:01,840 --> 00:00:00,000 LOGISTIC TEAMS AND CONTRACTORS