YESTERDAY I THOUGHT THAT THE EXPERIENCE WAS SO PERVASIVE YOU SHOULD SEE MY IN-BOX, SO MANY DIFFERENT E-MAILS WITH FOLKS HAVING REALLY GREAT OPPORTUNITIES TO CONNECT AND HAVE REALLY INTERESTING CONVERSATIONS, BOTH ON AND OFF THE NATCHER CONVENTION CENTER. SO I THOUGHT THAT HERE, THERE'S A LOT OF INTERESTING CONVERSATIONS THAT WE LOOK FORWARD TO CAPTURING. MANY TIMES WE WERE ASKED WHAT WERE THE NEXT STEPS, AND SO AS WE LOOK FORWARD TO THE NEXT CONFERENCE IN 2020 WHICH MICHELLE WILL SHARE SOME MORE INFORMATION ABOUT, WE ALSO KNOW THAT MANY OF THE BREAKOUT SESSIONS AND THE IDEAS THAT WERE GENERATED NEED TO SORT OF BE SHARED, AND SO I THINK THERE WILL BE AN UNDERSTUDY PROCESS THAT WILL FOLLOW THIS CONFERENCE TO BE ABLE TO COLLATE THAT INFORMATION TO SHARE WITH YOUR COLLEAGUES AND INTEGRATE INTO A PROCESS AT YOUR ORGANIZATIONS. WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, THANK YOU FOR RETURNING FOR DAY 2. I WANT TO MAKE SURE WE HAVE PLENTY OF TIME TO HEAR FROM MR. JOHN BALBUS, WHO I WILL INVITE TO THE STAGE. >> GREAT. GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. OH, I AM MIKED. THAT'S VERY GOOD. WELCOME TO THE FIRST PLENARY OF THE SECOND DAY. GOOD TO SEE EVERYBODY. I TALK SLOW BECAUSE I THINK THERE'S A LINE IN SECURITY SO I'LL TAKE MY FULL TEN MINUTES OF INTRO. NO, I'M NOT GOING TO ININTRODUCE FOR THAT LONG. I'M JOHN BALBUS, SENIOR ADVISER FOREPUBLIC HEALTH AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENTISTS, EXTREMELY EXCITED TO BE THE MODERATOR OF THE FIRST PLENARY THIS MORNING ON THE NEXT OF NEXUS OF HEALTH, BUILDINGS AND ENERGY. NOW, WE'VE HAD SOME DISCUSSION ABOUT THIS YESTERDAY. IT WAS A REALLY EXCELLENT DISCUSSION. WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE THIS TODAY. WHAT I HOPE TO ACHIEVE TODAY WITH THE INCREDIBLE PANEL THAT WE HAVE ASSEMBLED IS TO GET EVERYBODY IN THIS ROOM EXCITED ABOUT THE POINT WHERE WE ARE IN HISTORY. BECAUSE I THINK WE ARE AT A POINT, VERY CLOSE TO TRANSFORMATIVE SUSTAINABILITY AND HEALTH FOR COMMUNITIES. AND THE HEALTH AND ENERGY AND BUILDING NEXUS IS REALLY AT THE CORE OF THIS. I THINK THAT WE'RE AT THE POINT WHERE BUILDINGS ARE MAKING THIS TRANSITION, AT LEAST THE UPPER END OF BUILDINGS, IS MAKING THE TRANSITION FROM BEING FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMERS AND RISKS TO OUR HEALTH, TO BEING ENERGY PRODUCERS AND SPACES OF WELLNESS. AND THE TRICK IS, HOW DO WE PUSH THIS NOT JUST TO ITS LIMIT IN THE PLACES THAT ARE WEALTHY AND THAT ARE REALLY CAPABLE OF DOING STATE OF THE ART BUT WHERE OUR HEALTH DISPARITIES ARE THE GREATEST, AS WE HEARD YESTERDAY MORNING, THE CONVERSATION I HOPE TO HAVE TODAY. WE KNOW THAT THE BUILDINGS ARE ONE OF THE GROUND ZERO, IF YOU WILL, A DOUBLE ENTENDRE IN TERMS OF CARBON AND THE CRISIS AS A PLANET, 39% OF GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL, STEADY FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. THE PROJECTIONS WERE THAT THE BUILDING SECTOR WAS GOING TO BE INCREASING ITS CARBON FOOTPRINT UNTIL 2030. I'M NOT SURE THOSE PROJECTIONS ARE OLD OR WHERE THEY STAND NOW. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT'S MOST IMPORTANT ABOUT THIS THOUGH IS WHEN YOU LOOK GLOBALLY, UNITED STATES TO SOME EXTENT, BUT WHEN YOU LOOK GLOBALLY THE AMOUNT OF NEW CONSTRUCTION THAT'S GOING TO BE HAPPENING IN THE NEXT 50 YEARS, THERE ARE ESTIMATES, I'VE SEEN THEM ALL OVER THE PLACE, AS MUCH AS 75% OF BUILDINGS THAT EXIST IN 2050 WILL BE BUILT BETWEEN NOW AND THEN. THE OPPORTUNITY THERE IS JUST ENORMOUS, AND WE HAVE COUNTRIES AND ARCHITECTS AROUND THE WORLD ACTUALLY SETTING THEIR SIGHTS. THERE'S AN IPCC AND INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS PROJECT TO TRY TO GET BUILDINGS TO BE NET ZERO, AGAIN GROUND ZERO, NET ZERO, BY 2050. WE KNOW THAT IN THE PAST, WHEN WE'VE TRIED TO MAKE BUILDINGS MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT, THAT HAS COME AT THE EXPENSE OF HEALTH. OUR EXISTENCE AS A COMMUNITY ALMOST DATES BACK TO THE ENERGY CRISIS OF THE '70s WHEN BUILDINGS GOT VERY TIGHT, WHEN WE FRAMED THE SICK BUILDING PROBLEM. WE KNOW THERE ARE SOME TRADEOFFS. THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT A LITTLE BIT TODAY. BUT WE KNOW WE'RE IN A HEALTH CRISIS TOO, IN A CRISIS OF OBESITY, A THIRD OF THE POPULATION IS OBESE, THE TREND IS LEVELING WITH THE TON OF PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION, BUT IT'S NOT GOING DOWN VERY MUCH YET. ASTHMA CONTINUES TO INCREASE, SO WE HAVE MORE AND MORE PEOPLE IN THE POPULATION WHO ARE VULNERABLE TO INDOOR AIR PROBLEMS. DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, WE HAVE THESE HEALTH PROBLEMS, WE HAVE ENORMOUS HEALTH COSTS, AND BUILDINGS ARE GOING TO BE ONE OF THE KEY GROUNDS FOR TRYING TO INTERVENE AND HELP WITH THAT. SO, WITH THAT I JUST WANT TO START BY INTRODUCING THE FABULOUS PANEL THAT WE HAVE HERE. I'LL INTRODUCE THEM ALL VERY BRIEFLY AT THE START. THEY WILL EACH HAVE THEIR TIME FOR THEIR TALK, AND THEN WE'LL HAVE A DISCUSSION. AND THEN WE'LL OPEN IT UP TO EVERYBODY FOR QUESTIONS. I HOPE TO HAVE A REALLY ROBUST BACK-AND-FORTH TWO-WAY DISCUSSION WITHIN THIS OUR. FIRST SPEAKER IS DR. BON KU, DR. KU IS ASSISTANT DEAN FOR HEALTH AND DESIGN, I THINK YOU'RE PROBABLY STILL THE ONLY ASSISTANT DEAN FOR DESIGN IN A MEDICAL SCHOOL. >> AS FAR AS I KNOW. >> LET'S NOT KEEP IT THAT WAY. HOPEFULLY YOU'RE THE START OF A VANGUARD. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT THE SIDNEY KIMMEL MEDICAL COLLEGE AT THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY, PRACTICING PHYSICIAN, FOUNDER OF A PROGRAM GEARED TOWARDS TEACHING FUTURE PHYSICIANS TO APPLY HUMAN CENTER DESIGN TO HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES. AND I JUST HAVE A QUOTE FROM DR. KU, DEDICATED TO EDUCATING THE NEXT GENERATION TO SOLVE COMPLEX HEALTH PROBLEMS THROUGH DESIGN THINKING. THE SECOND SPEAKER IS PROFESSOR JOSEPH ALLEN AT THE CHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AT HARVARD, CO-DIRECTOR OF SEE CHANGE, , WHICH WE HEARD ABOUT YESTERDAY, AT HARVARD, AND DIRECTOR OF THE HEALTHY BUILDINGS PROGRAM. AND THE VISION THAT I HAVE TAKEN FROM YOUR WEBSITE, JOE, IS, HE SAID I BELIEVE WE HAVE TO FORCE A COLLISION BETWEEN THESE TWO DISCIPLINES, BUILDING SCIENCE AND HEALTH SCIENCE, SO I'M INTERESTED IN THE IMPACT AND COLLISION, AND PICKING UP THE PIECES THAT WE'LL HAVE FROM YOU TODAY. AND OUR FINAL SPEAKER IS DR. CHRIS PYKE, RESEARCH OFFICER FOR THE U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL, WORKS GLOBALLY TO APPLY -- USE APPLIED ESEARCH AND PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATION TO BENEFIT PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. HE'S DOING THIS IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT SETTINGS. HAS BEEN WORKING WITH THE CLIMATE IN THE PAST, WITH OTHER NGOs, NOW HAS A FIVE-YEAR PROJECT WITH THE ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION, VIA GREEN HEALTH PARTNERSHIP, WE'LL HEAR FROM HIM TALKING ABOUT THE SPACE OF GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION AND HEALTHY BUILDING CERTIFICATION. WITH THAT, WHY DON'T WE JUMP RIGHT IN. YOU'VE GOT THE CLICKER. FEEL FREE TO STAND. HIT THE RIGHT BUTTON. >> I'LL GET CLOSER TO YOU GUYS HERE. ALL RIGHT. SO, I LOVE THIS QUOTE BY A PIONEER IN CITY PLANNING FROM THE LAST CENTURY, BENJAMIN MARSH. HE SAYS, NO CITY IS MORE HEALTHY THAN THE HIGHEST DEATH RATES IN ANY WARD OR BLOCK. AND AS A DISCLAIMER, I AM NOT AN ARCHITECT. I AM NOT AN EXPERT IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. AND SO I'M A PRACTICING EMERGENCY MEDICINE PHYSICIAN, THE EXPERTS ARE HERE ON THIS PANEL. THEY ARE A LOT SMARTER THAN ME. I'LL EXPLAIN MAYBE WHY I'M HERE AND WHAT MY PERSPECTIVE IS ON HEALTH, ENERGY, AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. MY UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH IS INFORMED BY THE EMERGENCY ROOM, WHERE I PRACTICE. SO THIS IS OUR TRAUMA BAY HERE. OVER DECADE OF WORKING IN A BUSY URBAN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, WHAT I APPRECIATE IS THAT HEALTH IS VERY GEOGRAPHIC, THAT IT RAIL CHANGES FROM BLOCK TO BLOCK, AND CERTAIN BLOCKS OF OUR CITIES WE KNOW THAT THEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES, AND PEOPLE IN CERTAIN NEIGHBORHOODS TEND TO BE MUCH SICKER, SUFFER FROM CHRONIC DISEASE, DIE AT YOUNGER AGES. POOREST AREAS OF OUR CITIES, THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY HIGHER RATES OF ASTHMA, DECREASED WALKABILITY AND REALLY A LACK OF GREEN SPACES. SO WHEN THINK ABOUT ENERGY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, I TAKE IT FROM THE PATIENTS IN MY EMERGENCY ROOM, ESPECIALLY THOSE IN LOW INCOME AREAS OF THE CITY WHERE I WORK, AND CHALLENGE, WRESTLING ABOUT HOW BUS THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT THE HUMANS THAT COME INTO THE HOSPITAL, AND WHAT WE APPRECIATE IS THAT THE POOR REALLY FEEL DISPROPORTIONATE AMOUNT OF THE SIDE EFFECTS OF BAD POLICY DECISIONS IN ENERGY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THIS IS A MAP SHOWING POCKETS OF DEEP POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES. RED IS THE PERCENTAGE OF INCOME THAT HOUSEHOLD IN DEEP POVERTY SPEND ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE, SO THE RED SECTIONS ARE YOUR HOUSEHOLD THAT IS IN DEEP POVERTY SPENDING OVER 50% OF YOUR INCOME ON ENERGY EXPENDITURES. AND SO WE KNOW THAT THE POOR REALLY LACK AN ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE ENERGY. TO ME, THIS REALLY BECOMES A HEALTH ISSUE BECAUSE POORER HOUSEHOLDS IN THE U.S. ARE SPENDING 30 TO 50% OF THEIR INCOME ON ENERGY BILLS. SO, I PRACTICE IN PHILADELPHIA. EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE THE BEST FOOTBALL TEAM IN THE UNITED STATES, OUR CLAIM TO FAME -- WHOO, PHILLY, YEAH. THAT'S PROBABLY A NEW ENGLAND FAN RIGHT THERE. SO WE STILL HAVE THIS CRAM TO -- CLAIM TO FAME, WE'RE THE POOREST LARGE CITY IN THE U.S., DEEPEST LEVEL OF POVERTY. PUTTING MYSELF IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF MY PATIENTS WHO LIVE IN DEEP POVERTY, SPENDING 30% OF THEIR INCOME ON ENERGY EXPENDITURES, THIS HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THOSE HOUSEHOLDS. IN PHILADELPHIA THE LIFESPAN GAP IS EXTRAORDINARY. IT'S ABOUT A 20-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN LIFESPAN GAP BY ZIP CODE. SO IF YOU'RE IN THE ZIP CODE OF SOCIETY HILL, NEAR MY HOSPITAL, LIFE EXPECTANCY IS 88 YEARS. YOU GO ABOUT THREE MILES NORTH TO STRAWBERRY MANSION, THE LIFE EXPECTANCY DROPS TO ABOUT 69 YEARS. AND I THINK WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE DESIGN OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY, IT REALLY HAS TO -- WE HAVE TO HAVE THIS INTENSE OF LIKE DECREASING THIS LIFE EXPECTANCY GAP, AND WE TEND TO FOCUS ON THE HEALTHY ZIP CODES, PROBABLY A LOT OF THE ZIP CODES THAT YOU AND I LIVE IN. WE PROBABLY LIVE IN THE 19106 ZIP CODE. INSTEAD, WE REALLY NEED TO ADDRESS THOSE WHO ARE LIVING IN THE POORER ZIP CODES, ONES ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES. AND IN MY MIND, WHAT COULD BE MORE UNJUST THAN BEING BORN IN A ZIP CODE WHERE STATISTICALLY YOU'LL DIE 20 YEARS YOUNGER. I LOVE THIS QUOTE BY AN ARCHITECT, A COLLEAGUE OF MINE, SHE SAYS, HUMANS ARE THE ULTIMATE ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS. AND I THINK THE POOR ARE THE MOST SENSITIVE SENSORS. THIS IS A PICTURE OF A VACANT LOT THAT I TOOK IN PHILADELPHIA, AND THESE VACANT LOTS REALLY ADD TO THE TOXIC STRESS OF PEOPLE LIVING NEAR THEM. THEY WEAR DOWN THE PSYCHOLOGICALLY ON THE RESIDENTS OF PHILADELPHIA. THERE'S A NICE NIH-FUNDED STUDY LOOKING AT GREENING SOME OF THESE VACANT LOTS, AND SHOWING HOW THAT LED TO AN ACTUAL PHYSIOLOGIC IMPACT ON THE PEOPLE NEAR THOSE LOTS, IT WAS A RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY BY DR. CHARLIE BRANDEIS, HEAD OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AT COLUMBIA, SHOWING HEART RATES OF THOSE LOTS THAT WERE GREEN ACTUALLY DECREASED. AND SO WHEN I THINK ABOUT PHILADELPHIA, THERE'S ABOUT 40,000 OF THESE VACANT LOTS, ABOUT 50,000 ABANDONED BUILDINGS AND PROPERTIES, AND I THINK YOU GET MORE BANG FOR YOUR BUCK, A BETTER INVESTMENT TO GREEN THESE LOTS, THAN US PUTTING HOSPITALS AND CLINICS IN THESE NEIGHBORHOODS. I WANT TO TAKE A CASE STUDY, ONE OF OUR GREATEST CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC HEALTH IS THE OPIOID CRISIS, AND PHILADELPHIA THERE'S ABOUT 1200 DEATHS LAST YEAR FROM DRUG OVERDOSES. AND I'VE BEEN THINKING A LOT ABOUT HOW URBAN DESIGN OR CAN URBAN DESIGN BE A STRATEGY THAT WE CAN USE TO TAKE ON SOME OF THESE MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES. THESE ARE USED SYRINGES THAT MY COLLEAGUE AND I PICKED UP A FEW WEEKS AGO AT MacPHERSON SQUARE PARK IN THE KENSINGTON SECTION OF OUR CITY. HERE IS AN AERIAL VIEW OF THE PARK. THESE PARKS WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED AS GREEN SPACES FOR THESE COMMUNITIES, BUT INSTEAD THIS PARK, MacPHERSON SQUARE PARK, HAS WILL BE THE EPICITY OF OUR OPIOID CRISIS. RESIDENTS RARELY USE THE PARK BECAUSE SO MANY PEOPLE FROM OUTSIDE THE CITY, DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS, EVEN DIFFERENT STATES, COME TO THIS PARK TO INJECT OPIOIDS. THE LIBRARY, THERE'S A LIBRARY AT THIS PARK. THE LIBRARIANS TAUGHT THEMSELF HOW TO ADMINISTER NALOXONE BECAUSE THEY HAVE SO MANY PEOPLE COMING INTO THE LIBRARY AND OVERDOSING. BLUE ARROW POINTS TO THE SHINY BRIGHT OBJECT, THE AIRSTREAM TRAILER WE PURCHASED, MOBILE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PLATFORM ON A PROJECT CALLED COLAB PHILADELPHIA, OUR ATTEMPT TO OPEN DIALOGUE AND AMPLY THE VOICE OF THE COMMUNITY THAT LIVES AROUND THIS PARK AND WE KNOW THAT THE POOR REALLY LACK A VOICE IN BOTH THE DEVELOPMENT AND CREATION OF SPACES. SO WE'RE HOPING THAT THIS COLLABORATION BETWEEN PHYSICIANS AND ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS IS REALLY KIND OF -- WILL HELP US TO TAKE THE FIRST STEP DESIGNING HEALTHIER COMMUNITIES. WE FIRST NEED TO DESIGN FOR THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATIONS. THANK YOU. [APPLAUSE] >> GOOD MORNING. FIRST, THANKS FOR INVITING ME TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PANEL. I SEE MY ROLE, JOHN ASKED ME TO HAVE THE ROLE I THINK OF SETTING THE BIG PICTURE, WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT THIS ENERGY AND HEALTH NEXUS. I THOUGHT IT I'D START WITH MY FRIEND AND MENTOR, PROFESSOR JOHN SPANGLER AT HARVARD. WE'RE ON A PLANET OF 7 BILLION PEOPLE RAPIDLY GOING TO 9 BILLION. AS JOHN SAID FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HISTORY MORE OF US LIVE IN CITIES THAN DO NOT. TO PUT THAT IN PERSPECTIVE, TAKE WHAT'S HAPPENING IN INDIA, WITH 300 MILLION PEOPLE WILL MOVE INTO CITIES BY 2050. THAT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF ADDING A CITY THE SIZE OF WASHINGTON, D.C. EVERY THREE TO FOUR WEEKS FROM RIGHT NOW THROUGH 2050. SENTENCE STAGGERING. IT ALSO SPEAKS TO WHAT I THINK IS PERHAPS -- NOT PERHAPS -- WHAT IS THE GREATEST PUBLIC HEALTH OPPORTUNITY WE'VE EVER HAD, AND THAT'S OUR BUILDINGS. THE QUESTION IS, HOW DO WE GET THERE? IF YOU LOOK AT THE U.N. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, WE PUT FORTH 17 GOALS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE, EQUITABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS DEVELOPMENT. AND OUR TEAM IS THE HEALTHY BUILDING PROGRAM AT HARVARD, WE WANTED TO ASK THE QUESTION, HOW DO THESE 17 GOALS RELATE TO BUILDINGS? WE THINK THERE ARE 11 GOALS THAT DIRECTLY OVERLAP WITH THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. ALL UNDER THE BIG PICTURE UMBRELLA OF PUBLIC HEALTH. IN FACT, IT'S THE FOUNDATION WITH GOAL 3. THEN THERE ARE THE FOUR PILLARS. FIRST ONE INDOOR HEALTH, WHERE WE SPEND OUR TIME AND KNOW BUILDINGS INFLUENCE OUR HEALTH. WE HAVE RESOURCE HEALTH. MY COLLEAGUE HEATHER HENRIKSON FROM HARVARD SPOKE YET ABOUT OUR WORK WITH GOOGLE AND OTHERS, HEALTHIER MATERIALS IN BUILDING. THIRD IS ECONOMIC HEALTH, LAST IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY SYSTEM, BUILDINGS AND OUR HEALTH. TODAY I'LL TALK ABOUT THE FIRST AND LAST, INDOOR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, STARTING WITH THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT. I'LL TALK QUICKLY ABOUT A SET OF STUDIES, THE COG EFFECT STUDIES IN MY LAB, THREE STUDIES AT THIS POINT. FIRST DONE IN A LAB, SECOND WE MOVED INTO BUILDINGS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES, NOW WE'RE LOOKING AT BUILDINGS GLOBALLY. THAT VERY FIRST STUDY WE DID A DOUBLE BLIND STUDY IN THE SYRACUSE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE LIKE AN ANIMAL TOXICOLOGY STUDY, PARTICIPANTS WORKED IN A CUBICLE FARM. WE CHANGED THE ENVIRONMENT IN SUBTLE WAYS EACH TIME AND ADMINISTERED A COGNITIVE FUNCTION TEST. WE SEE DRAMATIC EFFECT ON HIGHER ORDER COGNITIVE FUNCTION RELATED TO SIMPLE AND ACHIEVABLE CHANGES TO THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT, HIGHER VENTILATION, LOWER CARBON DIOXIDE AND LOWER VOC CONCENTRATIONS SPECIFICALLY. WE GOT QUESTIONED, THAT'S IN A LAB, HOW DOES IT RELATE TO THE REAL WORLD? WE TOOK THE SAME METHODOLOGY TO TEN BUILDINGS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES, 100 PARTICIPANTS, COG EFFECT STUDY BUILDING OMICS, LOOKING AT NOT JUST VENTILATION AND CO2 BUT BIG PICTURE, BUILDING LEVEL EFFECT, THE BUILDING OMICS IDEA, TRYING TO CAPTURE THE TOTALITY OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH AND, PRODUCTIVITY AND WELL BEING. WE SEE IMPACT ON HIGHER ORDER COGNITIVE FUNCTION RELATED TO THE BUILDING BUT NOT JUST A SPECIFIC FACTOR LIKE A SPECIFIC GENE, BUT A BUILDING LEVEL EFFECT. IN ADDITION TO THINGS LIKE THERMAL HEALTH, EVEN IMPACT OF LIGHTING. AFTER THAT STUDY WE RIGHTLY GOT QUESTIONED. ARE THESE FINDINGS GENERALIZABLE TO THE ENTIRE WORLD? I THINK YES. TALKING ABOUT BASIC HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. SO WE LAUNCHED A GLOBAL STUDY OF BUILDINGS, JUST THIS YEAR, AND OUR FRAME FOR THIS STUDY IS SIMPLE. IF YOU THINK ABOUT EVERYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE, I MEAN THE BASICS, HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT EXERCISE IS GOOD FOR YOU, HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT A HEALTHY LUNCH IS OR EVEN THAT AIR POLLUTION IS BAD FOR YOU. I'LL ARGUE WE KNOW FROM EPIDEMIOLOGIC COHORT STUDIES LIKE THE NURSES HEALTH STUDY, FRAMINGHAM, HARVARD SIX CITIES AIR POLLUTION STUDY, ALL OF THEM MISS THE BUILDING. SAID ANOTHER WAY, NONE OF THEM TALK ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THE BUILDING ON PEOPLE'S HEALTH. IT'S A HUGE GAP. OUR IDEA IS WE LAUNCHED A COHORT STUDY OF BUILDINGS AROUND THE WORLD, ALREADY LAUNCHED IN CHINA AND THE U.K., ADDING SOON THAILAND, U.S., MEXICO, SINGAPORE AND U A. WE DEVELOPED NEW TECHNOLOGIES, APPLIED SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES, AN APP, WHERE WE ADMINISTER COGNITIVE FUNCTION TEST, AND PUSH QUESTIONS AT PARTICULAR TIMES. IT GETS REALLY EXCITING, YOU CAN LOOK HOW PEOPLE CHANGE WITHIN THEIR OWN BUILDING OVER TIME, HOW PEOPLE IN THE SAME BUILDING COMPARE AGAINST EACH OTHER, HOW BUILDINGS IN THE SAME COUNTRY COMPARE AGAINST EACH OTHER AND HOW BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES COMPARE. SO WE'LL BE DATA RICH VERY SOON. ONE OF THE FIRST OUTPUTS OF THAT STUDY WAS A PAPER WE PUBLISHED LAST WEEK, ON IMPACT OF HEAT STRESS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN YOUNG STUDENTS. WE USED THE SAME TECHNOLOGY AS A PILOT, WE FOUND IMPACTS ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DURING A HEAT WAVE, BUILDING WITH AIR CONDITIONING VERSUS NOT. THIS GETS RELEVANT TO OUR CONVERSATION TODAY ABOUT THE ENERGY HEALTH NEXUS. WHAT I THINK IS INTERESTING ABOUT THIS STUDY, NORMALLY YOU THINK WILL HEAT STRESS, IMPACT ON SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATION LIKE ELDERLY AND YOUNG, HERE IMPACT ON YOUNG, HEALTHY RESILIENT STUDENTS. TO GET PRACTICAL REALLY QUICK, I'M AN ACADEMIC NOW BUT I DON'T THINK OF MYSELF THAT WAY. I USED TO DO CONSULTING AND FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF SICK BUILDINGS. CELT IS THE QUESTION IS HOW DO YOU TAKE THIS RESEARCH AND PUT ANYTIME PRACTICE? WE RELEASED NINE FOUNDATIONS OF A HEALTHY BUILDING. WE DID THIS BECAUSE IN TALKING TO LEADERS GLOBALLY IN THE COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE SPACE, IT WAS CLEAR WE HAVE FAILED IN PUBLIC HEALTH TO GET ALL THIS GREAT SCIENCE OUT INTO THE HANDS OF DECISION MAKERS. SO WE SYNTHESIZE GREAT RESEARCH OVER 40 YEARS AROUND NINE FOUNDATIONS AND GAVE THE TWO-PAIN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- TWO-PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND THINK ABOUT HEALTH PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, EXPLICIT ABOUT DECISIONS THEIR MAKING THAT WILL DRIVE BETTER HEALTH AND BETTER BUSINESS OUTCOMES ULTIMATELY. I WANT TO MOVE FROM INDOOR HEALTH QUICKLY, OR END WITH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, IMPACT OF BUILDINGS ON OUR HEALTH ON A POPULATION SCALE. LAST YEAR, LET ME START WITH THE SIMPLE FRAME, 80% OF ENERGY FUEL GLOBALLY IS FOSSIL FUEL, BUILDINGS ARE 40%. IMMEDIATE HEALTH IMPACT AND LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPACT. BUILDINGS HAVE THE CAPACITY TO MITIGATE THOSE EMISSIONS AND PROVIDE A HEALTH CO-BENEFIT. THIS STUDY, HEALTH EFFECTS, USES THIS COOL CALLED COBE, CO-BENEFITS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. IT'S SIMPLE. WE LOOK AT CONVENTIONAL USE AGAINST ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS, THE FIRST OUTPUT IS WHAT'S THE ENERGY SAVINGS, REALLY SIMPLE, THAT'S THE DRIVER OF THE MOVEMENT. WE TAKE THOSE OUTPUTS, WHAT ARE THE EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM THE ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS. THERE YOU GET BORING AND UNINTERPRETABLE DATA, LIKE HOW MANY KILO TONS OF CO2 WERE AVERTED. THE INTERESTING PART IS THAT THIRD OUTPUT. YOU TAKE EMISSION REDUCTION DATA, APPLY EXPOSURE RESPONSE FUNCTION, YOU CAN ESTIMATE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF ENERGY SUFFICIENT BUILDINGS, IT STARTS TO GET TO THE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE ASSETS. AND THEN IT TURNS IT INTO REAL NUMBERS LIKE THESE. THIS IS JUST U.S. DATA, SO WE ESTIMATED HEALTH IMPACT OF THE GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT IN THE U.S. THESE ARE THE BENEFITS, IN TERMS OF MISSED SCHOOL DAYS, MISSED WORK DAYS, REDUCTION OF ASTHMA ATTACKS. AND THE ECONOMICS ARE STRIKING. FOR EVERY DOLLAR STAVED IN -- SAVED IN ENERGY, THERE'S 77 CENTS IN HEALTH AND CLIMATE CO-BENEFITS PREVIOUSLY UNACCOUNTED FOR. IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, LIKE INDIA, I WAS THERE IN SEPTEMBER TALKING ABOUT THIS, FOR EVERY DOLLAR THEY SAVE IN ENERGY, THEY SAVE $12 IN HEALTH AND CLIMATE CO-BENEFITS. SO IT BECOMES A BIG MOTIVATOR FOR ACTION, BECAUSE WE CAN TALK ABOUT ALL THE BENEFITS OF BETTER BUILDINGS ON THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT, WE CAN TALK ABOUT THE SOCIAL BENEFITS. IN FACT, IT BREAKS DOWN ALL THE BARRIERS TO ACTION. WHEN WE THINK OF IT THAT WAY AND GIVE EVERYBODY A WIN. I'LL CLOSE MY REMARKS WITH A BIG, BIG THOUGHT, AND BETS OUR RESPONSIBILITY. SO, $7 TRILLION U.S. WAS INVESTED IN THE GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT. IF YOU LISTEN CAREFULLY TO INVESTORS, CHRIS KNOWS THIS WELL, THAT MONEY IS STARTING TO GO INTO THE HEALTHY BUILDING MOVEMENT. THAT MEANS PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM HAVE THE POWER TO INFLUENCE HOW THAT MONEY GETS SPENT. IN FACT, IT'S NOT JUST POWER TO INFLUENCE. WE HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO INFLUENCE IT. IT IS CRITICAL WE GET THIS RIGHT, BECAUSE THE DECISIONS WE MAKE REGARDING OUR BUILDINGS IS GOING TO DETERMINE OUR COLLECTIVE HEALTH FOR GENERATIONS TO COME. THANK YOU. [APPLAUSE] >> ALL RIGHT. WELL, HI. I'M REALLY PLEASED TO BE BACK AT THE CHARLES BLUMBERG MEMORIAL CONFERENCE. SO, I WANT TO PICK UP RIGHT WHERE JOE LEFT OFF. THE NEXT 4 1/2 MINUTES WILL NOT DO JUSTICE, HOPEFULLY WILL SET UP THE POINT JOHN WANTED US TO GET TO. WE'RE AT ININFLECTION POINT. AS JOE SAID, WE HAVE AN ABILITY TO CRAFT THE NEXUS, WHAT HEALTH IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT MEANS, IN THE BUILDING, AROUND THE BUILDING AND FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM. I WANT TO TAKE US BACKWARDS TO GET US TO THAT POINT. SO I WANT TO REFLECT FOR A SECOND ON THE HISTORY OF THE GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT AS REFLECTED IN HEALTH AND ENERGY IN LEED. YOU KNOW CERTAINLY THE LAST COUPLE YEARS I DON'T OFTEN GIVE LEED TALKS. THIS IS GOING TO GET LEED-Y ON MY SIDE. I'LL GO BACK 20 YEARS. I WANT TO REMIND US THAT GREEN BUILDING IS NOT A RATING SYSTEM, NOT AN ACCREDITATION. IT'S A MOVEMENT, AND THAT MOVEMENT IS FUNDAMENTALLY DEDICATED TO CREATING BETTER PLACES FOR PEOPLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT. THAT'S AT LEAST WHY I SIGNED UP FOR THIS MOVEMENT AND I THINK OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS WHY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE HAVE SIGNED UP FOR THIS MOVEMENT. I WANT TO TAKE YOU BACK TO APRIL 1997, WITH LEED VERSION 1. AND REMINDING OURSELVES WHAT WE WERE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH WITH LEED VERSION 1. WHAT WERE WE TRYING TO DO? THE REASON WE NEEDED THIS THING WAS TO PROVIDE A COGENT DEFINITION FOR WHAT CONSTITUTED A BETTER BUILDING FOR PEOPLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT. EVERYONE HAD DIFFERENT IDEAS. ONE OF THE WAYS TO BRING THOSE IDEAS DOWN TO SOMETHING ACTIONABLE WAS TO WRITE IT DOWN IN THE LIST AND SAY DO YOU -- DOES YOUR BUILDING REFLECT THESE QUALITIES? I WANT TO REMIND US WHAT WAS ON OUR MIND IN APRIL OF 1997. WHAT WHY THE PREREQUISITES? THIS PREDATES, LEED AT THE TIME WAS AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GOOD THINGS WITH TWO CATEGORIES. PREREQUISITES, ASBESTOS, LEAD, THERMAL AIR QUALITY, MORE PREREQUISITES. ON THE RIGHT YOU SEE CREDITS. OZONE DEPLETION, INDOOR AIR QUALITY AGAIN, A VARIETY OF THINGS. IT WAS A MISH-MASH OF THINGS. BUT THE POINT I WANT TO MAKE FROM THE VERY BEGINNING, FROM THE VERY BEGINNING, THE IDEA OF CREATING BETTER BUILDINGS AND CODIFYING THEM THROUGH A TOOL LIKE LEED HAD PREREQUISITES RELATED TO THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE AND ASPIRATIONS RELATED TO ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT. IF YOU PUT YOUR HEALTH LENS ON, AS JOE WAS JUST SAYING, THIS IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, CORE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. LEAD, ASBESTOS, SICK-BUILDING SYNDROME WERE THE THINGS ON OUR MIND. FAST FORWARD FIVE YEARS. WE GOT TO LEED VERSION 2, SCRAMBLED THOSE THINGS AROUND, FROM A SIMPLE LIST, TO TALK ABOUT THE SITE, WATER. WE DIDN'T TALK ABOUT HEALTH. WE WRAPPED IT INTO INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. WE SEPARATED OUT THE NOTION OF ENERGY AND PUT IT SOMEWHERE ELSE. AND THIS IS PROBABLY BEGINNING TO BE THE LEED WE ALL RECOGNIZE. AT LEED 2009 WE HAVE A SET OF CHANGES THAT PROBABLY YOU MAY NOT RECOGNIZE BUT WERE ABSOLUTELY FUNDAMENTAL TO UNDER THE HOOD BEHIND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH AND LEED. AND SO HERE THESE THINGS I DON'T WANT TO EVEN ASK HOW MANY PEOPLE KNOW WHAT A TRACI IMPACT CATEGORY IS. 2006, 2007, 2008, HOW DO WE PRIORITIZE, WHAT ARE WE TRYING TO ACHIEVE THROUGH GREEN BUILDING, WE BROUGHT IN THE NOTION OF LIKE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. THAT BUILDING IS OUR TARGET FOR MARKET TRANSFORMATION. WE'RE GOING TO PRIORITIZE OUR GREEN BUILDING INTERVENTIONS BASED ON THESE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THAT BUILDING. SO WE USED A FRAMEWORK, LCA FRAMEWORK TO SAY LET'S QUANTIFY THE IMPACT AND PRIORITIZE THE VALUE OF STRATEGIES, PREREQUISITES AND CREDITS, BASED ON THE DEGREE TO WHICH THEY REDUCED IMPACTS. IN A QUANTITATIVE SENSE, THIS RANDOM LIST OF TRACI CATEGORY IMPACTS IS WHAT UNDERLAYS THE LEED 2009 CREDIT WEIGHTING. SO WHAT MATTERS? CARBON FOOTPRINT, INDOOR AIR QUALITY, FOSSIL FUEL DEPLETION, WATER USE, HUMAN HEALTH FROM CANCEROUS SUBSTANCES, FROM IN A LITERAL WAY WE CONDUCTED ANALYSIS, PRIORITIZED CREDITS BASED ON THIS STUFF. ALL RIGHT. WHAT WAS OUR GUIDING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY AND HEALTH? THIS WAS EXPLICIT FOR PEOPLE INVOLVED, THE BELIEF THE NUMBER ONE HEALTH ISSUE WAS GLOBAL HEALTH AS EXPRESSED BY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION AND EFFECT ON GLOBAL POPULATION HEALTH. PEOPLE DYING OF SEA LEVEL RISE IN BANGLADESH OR THE MALDIVES. OCCUPANTS WERE THERE, BUT SECONDARY FLOSSICALLY. THAT WAS NOT A GIVEN. THAT WAS AN EMERGENT THING WHERE THE MOVEMENT WAS AT THAT MOMENT. I THINK THINGS HAVE CHANGED. FAST FORWARD TO LEED VERSION 4. WE DID AWAY WITH TRACI IMPACT CATEGORIES, WE REACHED THE END OF THAT ROAD, AND BROUGHT IN OUR OWN SET OF SYSTEM GOALS. THESE SYSTEM GOALS WERE DEFINED AS THE MINIMUM SET OF THINGS THAT WE BELIEVED WERE ESSENTIALLY EQUALLY IMPORTANT. NONE OF US WANTED TO GIVE GROUNDS THAT ALL OF THESE WERE LEGITIMATE GOALS FOR GREEN BUILDINGS. WE WANTED TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE. WE WANTED TO ENHANCE INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, NOTE INDIVIDUAL HEALTH CAME INTO THE EQUATION MUCH MORE STRONGLY. AND WE WANTED TO DO OTHER THINGS LIKE PROTECT WATER, QUALITY OF LIFE, GREEN ECONOMY, BOY THESE START TO LOOK LIKE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN A WAY WE HADN'T HAD BEFORE, AND WEIGHTED THEM ON A VALUE-BASED APPROACH. WE ASKED OUR TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOLKS WHAT DO YOU VALUE. THIS IS WHAT THEY TOLD US. YOU GET A DIFFERENT LENS ON THE PROBLEM. NOT ENOUGH TIME TO GO INTO THIS IN MORE DETAIL BUT I WANT TO GIVE YOU A SENSE OF THE DYNAMISM. TODAY WE'RE USING A DIFFERENT CURRENCY. AND WHAT I SEE HAVING BEEN AROUND THIS FOR A LITTLE WHILE IS THAT CURRENCY CHANGES. TODAY'S CURRENCY IS ABSOLUTELY THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THESE CATEGORIES AND HOW THEY RELATE. BUT KEEP IN MIND A FEW YEARS AGO IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN MILLENIUM CHALLENGE GOALS, A DYNAMIC WAY TO REFLECT THE VALUES OF OUR MOVEMENT. TO JOHN'S POINT, THE VALUES ARE CONVERGING ON THE NOTION WE'RE LOOKING TO ADDRESS OUR MAJOR PLANETARY CHALLENGES. ENERGY, EMISSIONS, LOCAL AND REGIONAL POLLUTION, AND WE'RE LOOKING TO HAVE A MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND HOLISTIC VERSION OF HEALTH, THROUGH THE GOALS EVOLVED OVER 20 YEARS, MAYBE THESE RIGHT HERE. ONE WAY OR THE OTHER WE'RE TRYING TO RELATE OUR STRATEGIES TO THESE DIFFERENT GOALS. I WANT TO LEAVE WITH THIS VISION, JUST A SIMPLISTIC VISION. TO SOME DEGREE AFTER 20+ YEARS OF GREEN BUILDING PRACTICE WE'VE MAYBE SLICED THE SALAMI A LITTLE FINE. IF WE BRING THIS BACK TO THE FUNDAMENTALS OF WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO ACHIEVE WHICH I HOPE IS PART OF OUR CONVERSATION NOW, WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GREEN BUILDING, HEALTHY BUILDINGS, WHAT WE REALLY MEAN ARE BETTER BUILDING. AS JOE WAS SAYING ABOUT GUIDING CAPITAL, WE WANT TO GUIDE CAPITAL AND GUIDE ATTENTION TOWARD BETTER BUILDINGS, WE WANT TO ADDRESS THE MARKET FAILURES FROM THE EXTERNALITIES, WHETHER ENERGY OR HEALTH RELATED. IF YOU BOIL THAT DOWN, WE WANT TO CREATE BUILDINGS AND SPACES THAT ARE BETTER FOR PEOPLE, AND THAT ARE BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. WE WANT TO DO IT SIMULTANEOUSLY. AND WE HAVE A SPECIAL WORD TO DESCRIBE SUCH A BUILDING. BETTER. LIKE IT'S NOT -- THERE'S NOT SOME SORT OF DEEP RESEARCH PROJECT NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THAT BUILDINGS THAT DO BETTER FOR MORE PEOPLE AND BETTER FOR BIGGER SOCIETAL ISSUES ARE SIMPLY BETTER AND WORTHY OF MORE INVESTMENT. THE LAST THING BEFORE WE GET INTO THE CONVERSATION IS THERE'S A REAL VALUE IN THIS UP INTO THE RIGHT STRUCTURE HERE, WHEN WE MAKE THE POINT OF CONNECTING BUILDINGS AND HEALTH, BUILDING AND THE ENVIRONMENT VERY SMALL, SUCH AS INDOOR ENVIRONMENT AND SINGLE OCCUPANT, THAT'S GOOD. THAT'S BETTER. BUT IT'S NOT COMPLETE. THERE ARE DIFFERENT -- WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT WHAT PROBLEMS ARE WE SOLVING AND WHOM ARE WE PROVIDING HEALTH FOR. OCCUPANTS, NEIGHBORHOODS, COMMUNITIES, THE SUPPLY CHAIN OR SOCIETY AT LARGE? THOSE ARE TARGETS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGH THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF BUILDINGS. SOMETIMES WE GET SMALL, AND WE THINK ABOUT THE OCCUPANT. SOMETIMES WE GET BIG LIKE JOE WAS TALKING ABOUT. WHETHER WE'RE SOLVING PROBLEMS IN THE BUILDING BY, SAY, REDUCING VOCs, WHETHER WE'RE SOLVING AT THE FENCE LINE BY CONTROLLING PARTICULATES OR TRANSPORTATION CHOICES OR SOLVING THE GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM BY CHANGING OUR EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES. THESE ARE ALL INTEGRATED AND WE NEED TO SLICE IT A LITTLE LESS FINE AND HAVE MORE HOLISTIC VIEW MOVING FORWARD. I HOPE THAT'S PART OF OUR CONVERSATION GOING FORWARD. THAT'S IT. >> ANOTHER ROUND OF APPLAUSE FOR THE FABULOUS SPEAKERS, THREE FABULOUS TALKS. [APPLAUSE] >> I'M GOING TO TAKE THE LIBERTY OF ASKING A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS, MAYBE FOR ALL THREE, AND WE'RE GOING TO OPEN IT UP. WE'LL HAVE PLENTY OF TIME, I HOPE, FOR INPUT FROM THE AUDIENCE BECAUSE THAT'S REALLY WHAT WE'RE HERE FOR. IT'S THE SECOND DAY SO YOU GUYS SHOULD HAVE A LOT OF INPUT. I'M GOING TO START WITH YOU QUESTION FOR YOU, BAN. ALL THREE OF THESE FIT WELL TOGETHER, THESE QUESTIONS COULD BE ANSWERED BY ANY OF YOU. THERE GOES THE TIMER. YOU RAISED AN ISSUE THAT WE HAVEN'T SPENT A LOT OF TIME TALKING ABOUT. WE TALK ABOUT BUILDINGS AND HEALTH, USUALLY VOCs OR CARBON DIOXIDE. BUT YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT THE ISSUES OF MENTAL HEALTH. AND STRESS. WE KNOW THAT'S A PRIME DRIVER OF SO MANY DIFFERENT DISEASES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CANCER, ET CETERA. AND, YOU KNOW, THE ROLE OF BOTH THE BUILDING ITSELF, WE TALKED ABOUT CO2 AND COGNITION, YOU KNOW, IN A SCHOOL SETTING, THAT CAN CREATE MENTAL STRESS. YOU TALKED ABOUT THE ENERGY NEXUS AND COSTS IN LOW INCOME HOUSING AND RESIDENTIAL, AND THE STRESS THAT COMES WITH THE ECONOMIC STRESS AND THEN OF COURSE THE NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF VACANT LOTS, SAFETY VERSUS GREEN. I GUESS MY QUESTION FOR YOU, WE'RE HERE AT NIH, SO I'LL ASK A QUESTION ABOUT OUR UNDERSTANDING AND RESEARCH ON THAT. DO YOU FEEL LIKE WE HAVE GOOD MEASURES THAT CAN KIND OF MEASURE CUMULATIVE STRESS, WHAT KIND OF THINGS ARE YOU LOOKING AT WITH THAT, JUST INDICATORS OF THE HEALTH IMPACTS, THAT KIND OF AGGREGATE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THAT MENTAL STRESS? >> I LOVE YOUR QUESTION. I HAVE NO IDEA HOW TO ANSWER IT. BUT WHAT INSPIRED ME IS LOOKING AT THE PATIENTS COMING INTO MY EMERGENCY ROOM THROUGH THE LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES AND SEE THE UNDERDIAGNOSED MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES. A LOT OF THESE COMMUNITIES SUFFER SO MUCH FROM VIOLENCE, FROM TRAUMA, AND I THINK THERE ISN'T GOOD RESEARCH BEING DONE IN THOSE COMMUNITIES. THAT'S PART OF THE REASON WHY -- I'M NOT A COMMUNITY SERVICE GUY, BUT I'VE DONE THINGS LIKE HOUSE VISITS AS AN EMERGENCY ROOM DOCTOR, WHICH IS VERY WEIRD, GOING INTO SOME OF THESE COMMUNITIES, LIKE KENSINGTON, TO REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT IS THE IMPACT, WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PERSON ON ONE OF OUR UNHEALTHIEST BLOCKS GOING THROUGH. AND I LOVE FOR THERE TO BE ONE MORE FUNDING FOR THAT TYPE OF RESEARCH BECAUSE THIS KIND OF ETHNOGRAPHIC TYPE OF RESEARCH, THERE ISN'T A LOT OF FUNDING FOR. AND TO REALLY BEING ABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE NEEDS ARE, BECAUSE OFTEN PHYSICAL HEALTH IS SILOED FROM MENTAL HEALTH, AND IT SHOULDN'T BE. AND SO I THINK WHAT I WOULD LOVE TO SEE IS MORE KIND OF EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN RESEARCH AND FUNDING FOR THAT, FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS. >> GREAT, THANKS. WE CAN COME BACK TO THIS. I HAVE OTHER QUESTIONS I WANT TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT INTERVENTIONS THAT YOU CAN TAKE AS A PHYSICIAN. I'LL GO DOWN THE LINE FOR NOW AND OPEN THINGS UP A LITTLE BIT MORE. JOE, I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU, SO I'VE BEEN IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH FOR A WHILE. I WAS INVOLVED IN SOME EARLY TOXICOGENOMICS WORK. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, LIKE THERE'S A NEW CITY IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SIZE IN INDIA EVERY THREE WEEKS, IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THERE'S A NEW OMICS ABOUT EVERY THREE WEEKS. I HAVE LOVE AND HATE OF OMICS BUT YOU'VE COINED THE TERM BUILDINGOMICS. YOU'RE AN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SCIENTIST SO YOU KNOW THAT MY INSTITUTE'S VERY INTO THE IDEA OF THE EXPOSOME. SO WAYS TO DO CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AGGREGATE ACROSS EXPOSURES FROM CHEMICALS TO STRESS BUT ALSO IN A TIME FRAME, AND NOW YOU'RE RAISING THE TERM BUILDINGOMICS, TALKING ABOUT THE NEXUS OF ENERGY AND HEALTH. I WANT TO ASK YOU TO EXPAND ON BUILDINGOMICS AND DO YOU SEE BUILDINGOMICS, YOU KNOW, IN THIS CONTEXT THAT WE'VE HAD OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH ALL THE WAY OUT TO GLOBAL HEALTH 70 YEARS FROM NOW. HOW DOES THE BUILDINGOMICS CONCEPT HELP OR HINDER THAT KIND OF THINKING? >> YEAH, SO IT'S A REALLY GOOD AND FAIR QUESTION. AND CLEARLY WE GOT OUR INSPIRATION FROM WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE FIELD OF GENOMICS, AND LARGELY BECAUSE OF THE AVAILABILITY OF NEW TOOLS, METAGENOMIC TOOLS THAT OPENED A WHOLE SET OF NEW QUESTIONS. IN FACT IT'S UP ENDED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC BIOLOGY. THE IDEA I THINK IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IF YOU ASK SOMEONE, THEY WILL SAY I'M A WATER PERSON, I'M AN AIR PERSON, AND EVERYONE HAS THEIR LITTLE NICHE. THE BUILDING OF BUILDINGOMICS WE STARTED TO THINK BIGGER ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF THE BUILDINGS, WE USED TO DO GENE ANALYSIS, THE NON-CODING PART IS IMPORTANT, WE WERE MISSING IT FOR DECADES. IT'S THE SAME WITH BUILDING, A CALL TO REALIZE THEY INTERPLAY, THERE'S NON-CODING REGIONS ABOUT THE BUILDING WE HAVEN'T YET DISCOVERED, AND IN FACT THERE'S BUILDING LEVEL EFFECTS. SO I WAS TALKING ABOUT LIGHTING, VENTILATION, CO2. WE ALL DO THIS. BUT WE SEE IT AND OTHERS DO, THERE'S SOMETHING BIGGER. THERE'S SOMETHING BIGGER ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH. THAT'S INDOOR. BUILDINGOMICS IS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS OUR HEALTH, THROUGH THE ENERGY SYSTEM. CONSERVING RESOURCES, CHEMICAL œBIGGER USE OF BUILDINGS.FOR WE HAVE NEW TOOLS TO LET US DO THIS, THAT ARE COMING ONLINE QUICKLY. THAT'S WHAT IT'S A CALL FOR. >> HOLISTIC VIEW IS REALLY WHAT IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU'RE SAYING. WE'LL COME BACK TO THE NEW TOOLS THAT WE HAVE ON THAT. AND CHRIS, I GUESS YOU RAISE THE ISSUE, REALLY INTERESTING ISSUE, ABOUT HOW BUSINESS PRACTICES AS GUIDED BY THESE MAJOR COP CENSUS GUIDELINES THAT ARE CREATED FOR LEED, PROBABLY TRUE FOR ALL THE GUIDELINES WE'RE FOLLOWING, ARE POINTS IN TIME AND REFLECTING PREDOMINANT VALUES AT THAT TIME. AND I GUESS THE QUESTION I HAVE FOR YOU, IF WE ARE FULLY AWARE OF THAT, WE'RE RAISING AND WE'RE GOING TO COME BACK TO THIS, THIS ISSUE OF EQUITY AND DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACTS. AND I'M JUST GOING TO ASK YOU THE QUESTION OF WHOSE VALUES ARE BEING REFLECTED, ARE WE REFLECTING VALUES OF COMMUNITIES AND PEOPLE SUFFERING THE MOST, IN THE WAY WE CREATE THESE, AND IF NOT WHAT SORT OF WAY MIGHT WE BE DOING A BETTER JOB OF THE VALUE SIDE. YOU KNOW, WE'VE BEEN VERY FOCUSED ON EVIDENE AND SCIENCE BUT YOU RAISED THIS IDEA OF THE VALUE SIDE. >> IT'S CRITICAL. CAN I ADDRESS THIS IN THREE MINI PARTS REALLY QUICKLY? >> SURE. >> WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND AND APPRECIATE THAT THE TOOLS WE CREATED ARE A REFLECTION OF THE COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE WHO STAND UP, AND ARE PRESENT AND PARTICIPATE IN THEIR DEVELOPMENT. THAT IS THE HISTORY OF THEM. AND THAT'S WHY WE HAVE VOLUNTEERS, INPUT. NOW ARE THOSE FOLKS ORIGINALLY, THOSE FOLKS WERE REPRESENTATIVE OF ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS WHO NEEDED A COMMON DEFINITION. ARE THEY REPRESENTATIVE OF COMMUNITIES, VULNERABLE AND LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITIES OF COLOR, NO, BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT PARTICULARLY -- THAT'S NOT WHO IS STEPPING FORWARD. SO I THINK THE BASIC CONNECTION, THE IDEA TOOLS REFLECT VALUES OF A COMMUNITY, I THINK WE ACTUALLY KNOW WHOSE VALUES THEY REPRESENT. NOW, THERE'S A DIFFERENT SIDE TO THAT. THERE'S THE VALUE OF THE CREATION OF THE TOOL. AND THEN THERE'S THE VALUE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TOOL. AND WE CAN -- THIS IS WHERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENT, THE TOOL USER CAN STEP UP AND SAY I HAVE A HAMMER AND SCREWDRIVER AND BOLT CUTTERS. IT'S UP TO ME TO USE THEM IN A DELIBERATE WAY THAT REFLECTS MY VALUES. YOU DON'T HAVE TO TAKE THE DEFAULT VALUES. WHEN YOU LOOK AT A RATING SYSTEM LIKE LEED, THE WEIGHTING ON THE DIFFERENT STRATEGIES IS A REFLECTION OF THE VALUES OF THE CREATOR. HOWEVER, THE USER HAS AGENCY IN THE FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE WE HAVE TO USE THEM MORE DELIBERATELY. I WAS TALKING TO SOMEONE IN THE AUDIENCE, WHEN YOU USE LEED TO FOCUS ON RESILIENCE WHY AREN'T YOU ASKING THEM TO USE FUTURE CLIMATE INSTEAD OF PAST CLIMATE? THAT'S AN AGENCY ISSUE, YOU DON'T NEED TO WAIT TO EXPRESS A VALUE WE SHOULD BE PLANNING FOR FUTURE CONDITIONS. YOU DON'T HAVE TO -- THAT'S A CHOICE ON THE USER END. SO THIS COULD WANDER OFF BUT I DO SEE TWO DIFFERENT WAYS VALUES ARE EXPRESSED. THE ROLE OF RATING SYSTEMS, PERIODS TO INTERNALIZE, CREATE VALUE IN TRANSPARENCY FOR THINGS THE MARKET DOESN'T VALUE ON ITS OWN. THE MARKET ALWAYS HANDLES COST. DON'T WORRY, THE MARKET WILL NEVER FORGET ABOUT COST. AND BENEFIT. HOWEVER, IT WILL FORGET ABOUT CARBON. IT WILL FORGET ABOUT PUBLIC HEALTH. IT WILL FORGET ABOUT OCCUPANT HEALTH IF NOT GIVEN GREATER TRANSPARENCY. WE'RE OVERCOMING THOSE BARRIERS. THE DEGREE TO WHICH THOSE THINGS ARE RELATIVELY IMPORTANT IS A FUNCTION OF THE CREATORS AND USERS BOTH EXPRESSING VALUES AND THERE'S NO RIGHT OR WRONG ANSWERS, JUST VALUES AT A MOMENT IN TIME WHICH CHANGE. >> WE ALMOST NEED ADULT BEVERAGES, AND IT'S TOO EARLY FOR THAT. BUT ANYWAY, THAT'S THE LINE OF THOUGHT. >> THAT'S A GREAT ANSWER. IT TEES UP MORE DISCUSSION I THINK. SO I THINK WHAT I'M GOING TO DO, ALL RIGHT. I'M GOING TO ASK ANOTHER QUESTION, AND THEN I HAVE TWO MORE QUESTIONS, ON THE SECOND I'M GOING TO ASK PEOPLE TO COME TO THE MICROPHONE SO WE CAN START HEARING A LITTLE BIT MORE. THIS IS A QUESTION FOR ALL THREE OF YOU, ANY ONE OR ALL THREE. WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THIS BEING AN INFLECTION POINT, TALKED ABOUT THE FACT THAT WE ARE -- YOU KNOW, THAT THERE ARE ENORMOUS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY AS ONE AREA THAT I'M AWARE OF. YOU GUYS ARE GOING TO BE AWARE OF MANY MORE THAT ARE ACTUALLY TRANSFORMING THE POTENTIAL OF BUILDINGS TO BE HEALTHY AND GREEN SPACES. SO I JUST WANT TO ASK EACH OF YOU AS YOU LOOK AT THE NEXT TEN TO TWENTY YEARS MAYBE, IN THAT TIME FRAME, WHAT TECHNOLOGIES ARE YOU SEEING THAT ARE THE MOST EXCITING OR THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR GETTING TO THAT BETTER X,Y AXIS, YOU KNOW, 45-DEGREE VECTOR? >> I'M HAPPY TO GO FIRST. I THINK I'LL TAKE THIS IN A PLACE YOU MIGHT NOT EXPECT, TALKING ABOUT AN OLD TECHNOLOGY, SOMETHING WE CAN DO TODAY TO ACTUALLY IMPROVE HEALTH. LAST WEEK WE RELEASED STUDY LOOKING AT THE IMPACTS OF AIR CONDITIONING AND HEAT WAVES ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. SHOULD EVERYBODY HAVE AIR CONDITIONING? ISN'T THAT A FEEDBACK LOOPED? WE TALKED ABOUT OLD TECHNOLOGY OF AIR CONDITIONING, WE NEED 1.3 BILLION NEW AIR CONDITIONERS IN THE NEXT 30 YEARS. AND THE QUESTION IS WHAT ARE WE USING AS REFRIGERANTS, RIGHT? THE SOLUTION CAN'T JUST BE MORE AIR CONDITIONING. IT HAS TO BE DECARBONIZING THE GRID, MORE EFFICIENCIES ITEMS, AND SWAPPING OUT REFRIGERANTS, CURRENT ONES ARE HYDRO FLUORO CARBONS, 3,000S TIMES MORE POTENT AS A GREENHOUSE GAS THAN CARBON DIOXIDE. IF WE ELIMINATE HFCs, IT ACCOUNTS FOR 35% OF THE PARIS GOAL. MOST OF THE COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD, IT IS SUPPORTED BY BUSINESS, IT IS SUPPORTED BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, BY REPUBLICAN LEGISLATORS, DEMOCRATIC LEGISLATORS, SUPPORTED BY PUBLIC HEALTH COMMUNITY. IN FACT, WE HAVE TO DO THIS FOR OUR HEALTH. IT IS SITTING ON PRESIDENT TRUMP'S DESK RIGHT NOW WAITING TO BE SENT TO THE SENATE FOR RATIFICATION, THERE'S AN OLD TECHNOLOGY WITH A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT THAT CAN BE DEPLOYED TOMORROW. >> LET ME TAKE YOUR QUESTION TEN YEARS, LOOK AT THE TRAJECTORIES, SOME OF YOU HEARD MATT TROWBRIDGE TALK ABOUT OUR VISION, WHY UNDERSTANDING HEALTH NEEDS AND DIRECTING THEM IS IMPORTANT. IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY, I'M SPENDING TIME WITH A NUMBER OF PEOPLE INFORM ROOM. YOU LOOK AT WHAT'S HAPPENING IN CALIFORNIA. AND YOU LOOK AT THE RAPID DECARBONIZATION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY GRID TO LEVELS PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT UNATTAINABLE. SIMPLY SAVING MORE ENERGY AT A TIME OF DAY IS NOT EVEN GOOD FOR PUBLIC HEALTH. IT MATTERS WHERE AND WHEN YOU'RE SAVING ENERGY, AND OVER THE NEXT TEN YEARS DECOUPLING OF -- SAVING ENERGY AS MATTER OF COURSE IS NOT GOING TO BE THE UNIVERSAL TURN OFF THE LIGHT GOOD THING THAT IT WAS. JOE HAS DONE RESEARCH SHOWING HOW SPENDING ENERGY TO PROMOTE HEALTH IS A GOOD THING, THAT BECOMES EVEN MORE OF A GOOD THING AS THE GRID BECOMES CLEANER AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COSTS OF THE ENERGY GO DOWN. IN AN ERA WHERE WE'RE GETTING GREATER AND GREATER CONTROL OVER THOSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION THROUGH A VARIETY OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS, WHAT IS IT FOR US AS A MOVEMENT TO CREATE BETTER PLACES, MEETING REAL AND TANGIBLE HEALTH NEEDS. WE'RE GOING TO RAPIDLY GET OUR HANDS ON THE ONES INTERNAL OCCUPANTS, THE NUTRITION, THE LIGHT, THE AIR, THE NOISE, VIBRATIONS, WHAT'S IN THE VENDING MACHINE. WE'LL GET A HANDLE ON THOSE AND BE LEFT WITH PROFOUND SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH THAT HAVE TO DO LESS WITH BUILDING SYSTEMS AND MORE WITH PROGRAM AND PLAN AND INTERACTIONS, THOSE WILL BE THE GRAND CHALLENGES THAT ARE STILL HERE TEN, FIFTEEN, TWENTY YEARS FROM NOW. I THINK WE CAN BEGIN THIS TRANSITION TO MAKE -- TO GEAR UP AUTHOR THOSE TO BE THE FOCAL POINT AS WE DEAL WITH THE ISSUES RIGHT HERE RIGHT NOW. >> GREAT. >> SO THE ONLY REASON I'M INTERESTED IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IS HOW IT IMPACTS HUMAN HEALTH. AND US ORGANISMS. AND RIGHT NOW I THINK WE LACK THE DATA TO MEASURE THE DESIGN INTENT OF POLICIES AND DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON HUMANS, AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF BEING ABLE TO GIVE EMPOWERMENT TO CITIZENS, TO OWN THEIR OWN HEALTH DATA AND TO RELEASE THAT, AND BIG EXAMPLE IS APPLE WATCH, WE CAN DO VERY LARGE SCALE STUDIES BY GIVING THE PATIENT OR THE AVERAGE CITIZEN IN A PARTICULAR NEIGHBORHOOD OR CITY, I JUST CAN IMAGINE IF THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE WILLING TO GIVE OUT THEIR DATA AND WHERE YOU GET NICE ROBUST STUDIES DONE THAT WE'VE NOT BEEN ABLE TO DO. >> GREAT. THANKS. ALL RIGHT. I'M GOING TO ASK ONE MORE QUESTION. WHILE I'M ASKING I'LL INVITE ANYBODY WHO HAS A QUESTION TO COME UP AND STAND AT THE MICROPHONE. WE'VE KIND OF TOUCHED ON THIS BEFORE BUT I WANT TO ELABORATE ON THIS A LITTLE IT. JOE, I PICKED UP YOUR REFERENCE TO COLLISIONS. I WANT TO TALK ABOUT A COLLISION THAT I'M HEARING, AND IT'S RELATING TO SOME OF THE THEMES YOU'VE TOUCHED ON. IT'S A COLLISION OF -- WELL, OKAY, I'LL TALK REALLY FAST. THE COLLISION OF TIMEFRAMES, AND THE TIME -- YOU KNOW, THERE IS THIS INHERENT TENSION BETWEEN OPTIMIZING REALLY HUMAN HEALTH IN A VERY SHORT TIME FRAME AND OPTIMIZING -- POTENTIAL TENSION, AND MY QUESTION IS HOW DO WE MANAGE THE POTENTIAL TRADEOFFS BETWEEN THINGS MOST OPTIMAL FOR HUMAN HEALTH IN THE SHORTERS TIME FRAME VERSUS THOSE OPTIMAL FOR GLOBAL COMMONS IN A MUCH LONGER TIME FRAME AND ESPECIALLY THINKING IN TERMS OF THAT, YOU KNOW, THE HEALTH SIDE IS AN EXTERNALITY TO THE RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF SOME OF THE ENERGY SAVINGS. SO HOW DO WE MANAGE ALL OF THOSE TRADEOFFS, YOU KNOW, BETWEEN THE DRIVE OF BUSINESS TO OBTAIN A RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF THREE TO SEVEN YEARS, BUT SOME OF THE THINGS WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ARE 30 TO 70 YEARS, HOW DO WE MANAGE THIS COLLISION OF TIMEFRAMES? >> I'LL JUMP IN. I THINK THE FRAMING IS THE KEY MISTAKE, IT'S NOT YOUR MISTAKE, I LIKE THAT YOU SET IT UP THAT WAY. WE SET UP UP AS A TRADEOFF, WE'VE HAD 40 YEARS, WE CAN AND MUST HAVE BOTH. WE CAN DO THINGS IN BUILDINGS, DESIGN THEM APPROPRIATELY SO WE DON'T SACRIFICE HUMAN HEALTH FOR SOME LONG-TERM BENEFIT TO HUMAN HEALTH 30 OR 40 YEARS OUT. SO IT'S BEEN CONSTANTLY FRAMED AS A TRADEOFF, FRUSTRATING AS A HEALTH SCIENTIST TO HEAR THIS, WHAT'S THE TRADEOFF, WE'LL SACRIFICE THE HEALTH OF MILLIONS OR BILLIONS OF PEOPLE INDOORS WHERE WE SPEND OUR TIME WHEN THERE ARE THINGS WE CAN DO RIGHT NOW, NOT ALL OF THEM ARE REALLY ENERGY HEAVY, AS WE DESIGN OUR BUILDING. THERE ARE THINGS WE CAN DO RIGHT NOW. WE CAN AND HAVE TO HAVE BOTH. I THINK THE TRADEOFF IS A FALSE SETUP. >> IT'S A HUGELY IMPORTANT POINT. >> I THINK IT'S SPOT ON. WE SHOULD REJECT THIS TRADEOFF. LET'S REJECT THE TRADEOFF AS A STARTING POINT AND GO FROM THERE. A QUICK EXAMPLE OF THE KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS WE SEE ON THE GROUND, WE SEE THAT AIR QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS FOR INSTANCE IN AND AROUND BUILDINGS ARE OBVIOUS EXAMPLES N . IN LOS ANGELES DATA SHOWS EXPRESSIVE EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATES TO KIDS, USING ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR A PROBLEM THAT INVOLVES TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENERGY SUPPLY. IF YOU LOOK AT HOW FOLKS IN LONDON ARE RESPONDING TO THAT PROBLEM FOR INSTANCE, WE SEE LOS ANGELES, LONDON, MY SHORT RUN SOLUTION IS ENCAPSULATE THE KIDS AND FILTER THE AIR. MY MESO-SCALE SOLUTION, CREATE A LOW EMITTING ZONE TO, CREATE A BUBBLE. LONGER-TERM DECARBONIZE AND ELECTRIFY THE ECONOMY SO DIDN'T NEED TO CREATE A DOMED BUBBLE AROUND MY KIDS AT INCREASING SCALES. THAT SHOULDN'T BE A TRADEOFF CIRCUS. THAT SHOULD BE A SET OF TACTICS WE'RE WORKING THROUGH IN A SEQUENCE. SO WE SEE WHAT LOOKS LIKE TRADEOFFS BUT ON A DIFFERENT SCALE. >> JOE, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT EVEN WITHIN A BUILDING YOU CAN OPTIMIZE BOTH AT THE SAME TIME AND CHRIS, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BUILDING. >> PLANNING AND DESIGN AND TRANSPORTATION. >> DON'T ACCEPT THE BOX. >> WE'LL START ON THIS SIDE. >> TESTING. OH, IT'S ON. I WAS GOING TO ASK PEOPLE IF THEY WANT TO WRITE THIS DOWN, LISA NAGY, MY NAME, I'VE BEEN ON HEALTH AND BUILDINGS ROUNDTABLE FOR ABOUT 8 YEARS. I'M THE GOVERNMENT LIAISON FOR THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE. AND I'M NOT SPEAKING TODAY, BUT I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE A COUPLE OF COMMENTS. I THINK IT'S VERY IMPORTANT AS AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN THAT PEOPLE HEED THE INFORMATION BEING BROUGHT BY THE AMERICAN ACADEMY AND BY PHYSICIANS AND PATIENTS WHO ARE FEMALE, WHO ARE CHEMICALLY SENSITIVE, WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED SICK BUILDING SYNDROME, TO LEARN FOR THE FUTURE WHAT NEEDS TO BE RESEARCHED, AT LET'S SAY HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. AND NIEHS. SO IF YOU PUT MY NAME IS, YOU'LL GET A WEBSITE, LISANAGY.COM WITH A LECTURE I GAVE AT NIEHS ON HEALTH EFFECTS OF MOLD, EMF, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, AND I'VE MADE A CONNECTION WHICH IS VERY IMPORTANT, I'M GOING TO MENTION. >> IF IT'S NOT A QUESTION, PLEASE LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF TIME BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE. >> PEOPLE WOULD LIKE TO HEAR THE NEXT TWO SENTENCES SO I'M GOING TO GO FOR IT. I THINK THAT THE MOLDY SCHOOLS ON MARTHA'S VINEYARD ARE CREATING DYSAUTONOMIA CREATING A CRAVING FOR AUTOSTIMULANTS, HEART RATE VARIABILITY ISSUE BEING MENTIONED. THIS CRAVING FOR STIMULANTS IS DRIVING ADRENALS TO CRASH, HEROIN IS THE NEXT DRUG OF CHOICE. I SPOKE TO ELIZABETH WARREN, INTEGRATING IT INTO HER BILL AS A TREATMENT OPTION FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE ILL. AT HiBR, HARVARD COOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT TO INCORPORATE NOT ONLY WOMEN BUT PEOPLE WHO ARE PHYSICIANS WHO KNOW ABOUT THESE SUBJECTS. AND THE EXCLUSION OF THESE PEOPLE IS HAMPERING PROGRESS BECAUSE WE'VE ALREADY DISCOVERED THE WHEEL. WE DON'T NEED TO REDISCOVER IT. AND THERE ARE PEOPLE IN THE AUDIENCE WHO ARE EXPERTS IN THIS AREA. SO WE SHOULD MAKE USE OF ALL OF THESE PEOPLE, IF POSSIBLE, FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE FIELD THAT YOU TALK ABOUT. THANKS VERY MUCH. >> THANK YOU. I THINK THERE'S A RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION MESSAGE IN THAT. THANK YOU. >> GOOD MORNING, ELIZABETH KELLY, DIRECTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL EMF SCIENCE APPEAL WHICH WE SUBMITTED ADDRESSED TO THE UNITED STATES, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, U.N. ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AND ALL U.N. MEMBER ANYTHINGS, -- NATIONS, THE SCIENTISTS FOUND THROUGH PEER REVIEWED RESEARCH, THERE ARE 41 NATIONS INVOLVED HERE IN THIS APPEAL AND THE SIGNATORS OF 242 SCIENTISTS. THESE SCIENTISTS ARE VERY CONCERNED THAT EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRICITY AND RADIOFREQUENCIES AND MILIMETER WAVE RADIATION USED FOR COMMUNICATIONS CAN BE VERY HARMFUL TO HEALTH OF MAN AND NATURE, ASKING FOR GOVERNMENTS TO EVALUATE THE STANDARDS THEY HAVE APPLIED TO CONTROL SAFETY TO PROTECT SAFETY, AND CONSIDER BRINGING THEM FAR DOWN BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE FINDINGS OF SCIENTISTS ARE, FAR BELOW THE CURRENT STANDARD. I REALLY APPLAUD YOUR WORK ON LIMITING CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IN INDOORS, BUT THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT YOU'RE DISCUSSING TO APPLY TO DO THAT INVOLVE USE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND SENSORS. I REALLY SUGGEST THAT YOU CONSIDER DOING CONTROLLED STUDIES ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS TO EVALUATE CURRENT EXPOSURE CONDITIONS SUCH AS IN SCHOOL CLASSROOMS WHERE CHILDREN ARE BEING EXPOSED TO WI-FI. >> THANK YOU. >> LOOK AT THE CONDITIONS NOW BEFORE YOU GO FORWARD TO INTRODUCE THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY. THANK YOU. >> THANK YOU. AND THAT IS AN ISSUE THAT'S COME UP IN A LOT OF CONTEXTS, IT'S AN ISSUE OF EMERGING EVIDENCE OF POTENTIAL HARM AND HARM, YOU KNOW, IN LABORATORY SETTINGS CERTAINLY FROM WIRELESS RADIATION. BUILDING OMICS, THIS IS IN THERE, AS WELL AS THE OTHER ISSUES LISA WAS RAISING. >> I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE NOT MAKING STATEMENTS. PLEASE ASK QUESTIONS. THE STATEMENTS ARE FINE, MAYBE WE CAN DO SOME OF THOSE THINGS AT THE BREAKOUT SESSIONS. BUT WE NEED TO BE SPECIFIC IN THE QUESTIONS THAT WE ASK. WE DON'T HAVE A LOT OF TIME FOR THIS SESSION, SO TO GET YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED AND HAVE THE PANEL ANSWER THOSE QUESTIONS, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU'RE NOT MAKING GENERAL STATEMENTS THAT YOU ARE SPECIFICALLY ASKING QUESTIONS. OKAY? THAT WILL HELP US TO KEEP THE PROCESS MOVING. THANK YOU. APPRECIATE YOUR HELP. >> THANKS, ROCHELLE. >> YOU'RE WELCOME. >> COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS? >> SURE, I DO FORENSIC INVESTIGATIONS EMF IN BUILDINGS, BRAIN CANCER CLUSTERS. WE CAN TALK AFTERWARDS. I HAVE SPECIFIC THOUGHTS ON THAT. >> THANK YOU. >> MARTIN PAULY, I HAVE A QUESTION RELATED TO THE SAME ISSUE. IT HAS TO DO WITH UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES REGARDING EMFs. I'M WONDERING IF YOU PEOPLE ARE AWARE OF THESE. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN THIS BUILDING MOVEMENT THAT I THINK HAVE BEEN MENTIONED, THAT ACTUALLY PRODUCED MORE EMF EXPOSURES BECAUSE OF DIRTY ELECTRICITY. >> IS THIS ANOTHER STATEMENT ABOUT EMF? >> MY QUESTION IS DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THESE AND IF SO WHAT YOUR COMMENTS ARE. >> I'M SORRY, IS THERE ANOTHER QUESTION? >> ONE OF THE EXAMPLES HAS TO DO WITH PHOTOVOLTAICS, WHERE THE DC CURRENT IS CONVERTED TO AC CURRENT, USUALLY USING A DIGITAL INVERTER, THE DIGITAL INVERTERS GENERATE HUGE AMOUNTS OF DIRTY ELECTRICITY AND THAT GOES IN THE WIRING AND RADIATES OUR BODIES. SECOND EXAMPLE HAS TO DO WITH THE ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING, WITH BOTH LED AND CFL LIGHTING. >> WE HAVE A LOT OF OTHER PEOPLE BEHIND YOU. THE QUESTION ABOUT EITHER THE INVERTERS OR THE LIGHTING, ANY EXPERIENCE WITH THAT? >> I'LL SAY YES BUT WE COULD HAVE A CONVERSATION ABOUT THAT. >> SOUNDS LIKE THERE NEEDS TO BE A CONVERSATION. THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT THEME. WE DO ONLY HAVE FIVE MORE MINUTES, I HAVE FIVE MORE PEOPLE HERE. BRIEF QUESTION? >> WHITNEY AUSTIN GRAY, THANK YOU FOR PROVOKING US. I WILL TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PROVOKE YOU BACK. I'M INTERESTED SPECIFICALLY WE TALK ABOUT TRANSLATION OF DATA ACTION, POWER OF ENERGY DATA AND POWER OF HEALTH DATA. SO YOU ALL OF COURSE ARE VERY WELL AWARE OF THE HISTORY AROUND TRYING TO PUSH FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND UNDERSTANDING, LONG STORY SHORT WE'VE TAKEN IT TO THE WEATHERMAN AND WEATHERWOMAN TO CONVINCE PEOPLE IT'S REAL. WE HAVE THE DATA, IT WAS THE PERSON CONVEYING THE DATA. WORKING IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, BON, WORKING WITH PEOPLE, AS WE LOOK TO THE POWER OF HEALTH DATA IT'S A FASCINATING TIME. PRECISION HEALTH, EPIGENETICS. HOW ARE WE TAKING THIS INFORMATION TO THE POINT OF SOMEONE'S iPHONE, THEY BELIEVE PLACE MATTERS FOR THEIR HEALTH, WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAVING THE DATA AND ACTUALLY BEING ABLE TO TRANSLATE THAT INTO ACTION? >> THE QUESTION IS -- YOU BROUGHT THIS UP, BON. >> YEAH. >> WITH THE AVAILABILITY OF HUGE NEW DATA SETS HOW DO WE HARNESS THAT AND CONVERT THAT INTO KNOWLEDGE FIRST AND THEN INTO ACTION? >> I'VE ALWAYS BEEN PUSHING FOR ACTIONABLE DATA. I MEAN, HOW MANY OF US HAVE SMARTWATCHES AND PATIENTS ALWAYS GO, WHOA, WHAT'S ALL THIS DATA? I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE HELL TO DO WITH IT. ONE OF MY RESIDENTS ACTUALLY DID A STUDY WHERE SOMETHING CAME IN, HAD ARRHYTHMIA, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, LOOKED AT THE SMARTWATCH, BUT DEPENDING ON THE TIMING, FAST HEART RATE, CARDIOVERTED THE PATIENT, THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE SMARTPHONE DATA, WE'RE COLLECTING DATA, A LOT IS NOT ACTIONABLE ON THE DIRECT PHYSICIAN-PATIENT LEVEL, THERE NEEDS TO BE THOUGHT ABOUT WHAT DATA MATTERS AND WHAT IS ACTIONABLE. >> THE LIGHT IS BLINKING RED. >> FOUR MINUTES. >> POTENTIAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS THAT OUR INSTITUTES ARE INTERESTED IN MANAGING HUGE DATASETS TO CAPTURE EXPOSOME AND BUILDINGOME. IT'S AN OPEN QUESTION. IT'S A HARD PROPOSITION. >> MAYBE ONE THOUGHT, WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO IS TIGHTEN THE FEEDBACK LOOK BETWEEN INTENTION AND OUTCOME. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE WE HAVE INTENTIONS TO CREATE GOOD CLASSROOM LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS BUT WE KNOW THAT WE FAILED TO DELIVER A VERY HIGH FRACTION OF THE TIME. IF WE WERE A MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY WE WOULD BE LIKE HALF A SIGMA. AND SO THE QUESTION IS CAN WE USE THESE SOURCES OF DATA, I GUESS I'M MORE BULLISH ON THAT, IF WE CAN TIGHTEN WHAT HAD BEEN A THREE, FOUR, FIVE YEAR CYCLE TO MORE INSTANTANEOUS SO WE KNOW WHETHER OR NOT INTENTIONS ARE REALIZED AND CAN EXTRAPOLATE, THAT'S DOABLE AND WE KNOW EVERY TIME WE LOOK AND SEE THAT STUFF THE WORLD IS MESSED UP IN A WAY OUR INTENTIONS ARE NOT REFLECTIVE. THAT'S ONE EXAMPLE. >> THE SENSOR ALONE, WE CAN DO IT ALL DAY LONG, IT'S OUR INTENTION, THE HYPOTHESIS WE CAN TIGHTEN; PART OF JOE'S WORK. >> IT'S BRILLIANT. LET'S MOVE THE NEEDLE ON THE CLIMBED, THE WEATHERWOMAN, THE TRUSTED VOICE, STORY TELLING HAS TO BE A BIGGER PART, INCLUDING ECONOMICS. THE STORY HYDRO FLUORO CARBONS IS GREAT, BUT THE BUSINESS SIDE IS SAYING IT'S CREATING TENS OF THOUSANDS OF JOBS AND BILLIONS IN THE ECONOMY LIKE THE WORK SEVEN YEARS AGO LOOKING AT THE IMPACT OF AIR QUALITY, ECONOMICS IS PART OF THE STORY TELLING BUT WE GET LOSS IN EXPOSOMICS AND THE MARKET DOESN'T RESPOND TO THAT. THEY WANT THE WEATHERWOMAN AND THE ECONOMICS. >> GREAT. >> LET'S KEEP IT MOVING. >> YEAH, I'M GOING TO TAKE TWO MORE QUESTIONS, WE'LL TAKE THE QUESTIONS, ONE AND ONE, AND WE'LL WRAP UP. >> PLEASE ASK QUESTIONS. WE'RE RUNNING BEHIND TIME. KEEP IT SHORT AND BRIEF. >> I'LL TRY TO BE BRIEF, ASSISTING COMPANIES, UNIVERSITIES AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH ACHIEVING GREEN FIELD 42 CERTIFICATION FOR THEIR CUSTODIAL STAFF. MY QUESTION IS KIND OF FOCUSED TO MR. ALLEN. HARVARD UNIVERSITY WAS ONE OF THE FIRST OF THE FEW UNIVERSITIES IN THE COUNTRY FOR THEIR CUSTODIAL DEPARTMENT TO ACHIEVE GREENFIELD 42 CERTIFICATION. SO PART OF MY TRAINING RELIES ON DATA FROM INDIVIDUALS LIKE DR. MICHAEL BARRY AND DR. LEONARD KRELOV WHERE THEY SHOW GREEN BUILDINGS AND GREEN CLEANING CONTRIBUTE TO DECREASED ABSENTEEISM, INCREASED TEST SCORES. HAS HARVARD DONE FURTHER STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN CLEANING AND HEALTH? >> I WOULD BE A FOOL TO ANSWER THAT QUESTION WHEN WE HAVE THE MANAGER DIRECTOR OF HARVARD'S OFFICE FOR SUSTAINABLE IN FRONT OF YOU, HEATHER HENRIKSON. TALK TO HER. IT'S IN HER WHEELHOUSE. >> GIVEN TIME WE CAN DO THAT OFFLINE. >> YES. >> OKAY. SUSAN MALLOY. I WANT TO MENTION THAT THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF DISCUSSION ABOUT SILOS. AND I LIVE IN A SILO THAT HASN'T BEEN INCLUDED IN THE DISCUSSION, AND THAT IS THE SILO OF PEOPLE THAT HAVE BEEN DISABLED BY EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS IN OUR BUILDINGS FOR THE LAST 30 YEARS. AND ARE NOW BEING EXPOSED TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS. IN GREEN BUILDINGS. MEESE PLEASE DON'T LET YOUR AMBITION AND SELF SATISFACTION ABOUT THE GREENNESS OF BUILDINGS NOW OVERRIDE YOUR CURESY. >> SUSAN -- >> ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS TO PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN MADE ILL. THANK YOU. >> OKAY. >> TIME? WE STILL HAVE THREE PEOPLE AT THE MICROPHONE. >> LET'S TRY TO DO ONE MORE QUESTION. >> PLEASE ASK QUESTIONS. WE HEARD HER CLEARLY THERE'S AN ISSUE THAT NEEDS TO BE RAISED. >> AND ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS, IF YOU WANT TO GO TO THEM MAYBE AFTER THE SESSION AND HAVE ONE-ON-ONE CONVERSATIONS, THAT WOULD BE HELPFUL. >> ABSOLUTELY. >> IS THAT OKAY WITH YOU GUYS. >> YES. >> OKAY. >> SO LAST QUESTION. >> I'M SORRY, MICHELLE, WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE? >> ONE. >> OKAY. I WILL MAKE IT QUICK. I WROTE IT DOWN. HOW CAN SOCIAL PERFORMANCE OR HEALTH BE CAPITALIZED INTO REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT DECISION MAKING? >> SO -- >> GOOD QUESTION. >> LET ME OFFER THE ESSAY LENGTH VERSION IN TWO SENTENCES. ONE OBSERVATION IS WE HAVE NOT DONE THAT BY AND LARGE. BY COMPARISON, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT -- WE HAVE LOTS OF WAYS TO INVEST FOR POSITIVE THEMATIC OUTCOMES THROUGH PROPERTY. AND I THINK QUINTESSENTIAL EXAMPLE IS THE CLIMATE BONDS INITIATIVE HOW TO INVEST IN LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT, PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES. I THINK TODAY WE'RE ON THE CUSP OF BEING AGE TO DO THAT FOR HEALTH BUT IT'S IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT TODAY THERE IS A GAP, IF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTIGATORS WANT TO INVEST WE'VE NOT GIVEN THEM A CLEAR RUNWAY. IT'S INCUMBENT ON US TO LOOK AT OTHER PLACE WHERE IS INVESTORS CAN INVEST FOR OUTCOMES AND THIS COULD BE DERIVATIVE OF THINGS LIKE DAVID ERICKSON'S WORK AT THE SAN FRANCISCO FED, BUT THERE'S NO SIMPLE ANSWER, BUT THERE ARE ANALOGOUS ANSWERS, IF YOU ASK YOURSELF WHERE ARE WE GOING THREE TO FIVE YEARS FROM NOW IT WOULD BE A SHAME IF WE HADN'T SOLVED THAT. >> GREAT. THANK YOU. THANK YOU FOR THE INPUT WE RECEIVED, WHICH IS VERY MUCH APPRECIATED. FLESHED IT OUT. AGAIN, I THINK SPEAKERS ARE AVAILABLE FOR FOLLOW-UP CONSULTATION AFTERWARDS. [APPLAUSE] >> THANK YOU, EVERYBODY. SO PLEASE JOIN ME IN ANOTHER ROUND OF APPLAUSE FOR THE VERY INTENSE AND CONSTRUCTIVE PANEL. [APPLAUSE] THANK YOU. AND NOW WE ARE GOING TO MOVE INTO A BREAK SEGMENT FOR ABOUT 10 MINUTES. WE ALSO WILL HAVE A MOVEMENT LEADER COME JOIN US AND MOVE US THROUGH MOVEMENT. SO YESTERDAY THE MOVEMENT STARTED, AND THEN WE USED THE RESTROOM. SO I'D LIKE TO INVITE OUR MOVEMENT LEADER UP NOW. >> THANK YOU. THAT WOULD BE MINDFUL MOVEMENT MOTIVATOR. SO FRIENDS, I JUST WANT TO LEAVE YOU WITH THIS THOUGHT TODAY. TWO THINGS. YOUR BODY IS A BUILDING. RIGHT? THE QUALITY OF THE MATERIALS YOU PUT IN AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION. TWO, IT NEEDS A STABLE FOUNDATION AND BASE TO OPERATE, STRONG FEET AND LEGS. SO LET'S START OUR MOVEMENT (INAUDIBLE, OFF MIC) >> WELCOME BACK, EVERYONE. I'D LIKE TO WELCOME THE NEXT PANEL TO THE STAGE BEGIN WITH JONATHAN COHEN AND ANGELA LODER. LARRY ZARKAR, KEVIN KENNEDY, DOMINICK RUIZ, BETH McGEE AND RACHEL MACCLEERY. THIS TRACK DISCUSSION WILL BE COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, MICHELLE. WELCOME TO THE MOST ENGAGED SESSION THAT YOU'LL EXPERIENCE IN THIS CONFERENCE. WE'RE GOING TO ASK YOU HOW YOU FEEL, WE'RE GOING TO ASK YOU TO TELL US WHAT YOU WANT TO KNOW. THIS IS THE PLACE TO FIND OUT EVERYTHING YOU WANTED TO KNOW BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK ABOUT THIS SUBJECT. WHY DID YOU COME? WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW? THIS IS WHEN YOU CAN ASK AND FIND OUT. WE'RE GOING TO ASK QUESTIONS NOT JUST AT THE END BUT AFTER EVERY SINGLE SPEAKER. SO TO START I'M GOING TO INTRODUCE MYSELF BRIEFLY BEFORE WE INTRODUCE OTHER SPEAKERS. JONATHAN COHEN FROM DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. I CO-LEAD THE HEALTH AND WHOLE PERFORMANCE INITIATIVE WITH ELY JACOBSON, HEAD UP A NATIONAL NETWORK CALLED THE BETTER BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL NETWORK, THANK YOU TO CHRIS FROM THE LAST PANEL WHO JUST GAVE A PLUG FOR BETTER BUILDINGS AND I DON'T THINK HE REALIZED. THERE'S AN ENTIRE PROGRAM, A BLIZZARD OF ACRONYMS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, BECAUSE WE RECOGNIZE THAT THAT IS IN FACT THE KEY TO THIS ISSUE AS WELL. SO, WE'RE GOING TO ENGAGE YOU EARLY AND OFTEN, LIKE WHAT THEY SAY IS LIKE VOTING IN CHICAGO, DO IT EARLY AND OFTEN.& WE'RE GOING TO ASK YOU TO GIVE FEEDBACK TO GET A SENSE OF THE AUDIENCE. SO NOW THAT YOU'VE BEEN ENERGIZED BY THE YOGA, WE'RE GOING TO FIRST GO OVER THE AGENDA SO YOU KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT. SO WHO DO YOU HAVE HERE? YOU HAVE ME, YOU HAVE LARRY ZARKER, YOU HAVE KEVIN KENNEDY WHO IS THE DIRECTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS AT CHILDREN'S MERCY HOSPITALS AND CLINICS IN KANSAS CITY. YOU HAVE MY COLLEAGUE AND PARTNER IN CRIME DR. ANGELA LODER, VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH, DOMINICK FROM THE SAME ORGANIZATION, BETH McGEE, RACHEL MACCLEERY. WE'LL HAVE DISCUSSION AT THE ED. FIRST QUESTION. ARE YOU READY TO START WITH THE OPENING POLL? I SAID, ARE YOU READY TO START WITH THE OPENING POLL? YES! THAT'S GOOD. ALL RIGHT. WHICH DISCIPLINE BEST REPRESENTS YUR ORGANIZATION? RAISE YOUR HANDS IF IT'S HEALTH. OKAY. THANK YOU. RAISE YOUR HANDS IF IT'S BUILDINGS. VERY INTERESTING. DID NOT EXPECT THAT. OPENING POLL QUESTION NUMBER 2, WHICH SECTOR BEST REPRESENTS YOUR AFFILIATION? RAISE YOUR HAND IF IT'S GOVERNMENT. RAISE YOUR HAND IF IT'S A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION. OKAY. GOT SOME HANDS OUT THERE. RAISE YOUR HAND IF IT'S BUSINESS. OKAY. ACADEMIA. ALL RIGHT. OKAY. AND RAISE YOUR HAND IF IT'S THE ALL-PURPOSE AND EVER-POPULAR "OTHER." OKAY. ALL RIGHT. AND THEN OPENING POLL NUMBER 3 BEFORE WE GET INTO THE THICK OF THINGS, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES YOUR ORGANIZATION'S EXPERIENCE WITH INTEGRATING HEALTH AND BUILDINGS. RAISE YOUR HAND IF IT'S VERY EXPERIENCED. OKAY. ALL RIGHT. VARIETY OF HANDS. WOULD YOU SAY IT'S SOMEWHAT EXPERIENCED? OKAY. LIMITED EXPERIENCE. THAT'S OKAY. ALL RIGHT. WOULD YOU SAY ABSOLUTELY NO EXPERIENCE WHATSOEVER? OKAY. AND THEN NOT APPLICABLE, FOR SOME REASON. OKAY. YOU ALWAYS HAVE TO HAVE N/A, VERY IMPORTANT. THANK YOU FOR BEING PART OF THE OPENING POLL SEQUENCE. AGAIN, YOU'RE GOING TO BE ASKED QUESTIONS AFTER EACH SPEAKER SO PLEASE, AS THE SPEAKER IS IN THE THICK OF THEIR PRESENTATION, START STANDING UP AT THE MICROPHONES SO WE CAN GET RIGHT TO YOU, AND WE REALLY WANT TO ASK PEOPLE WHO HAVE NOT BEEN ASKING QUESTIONS TO STAND UP SO WE GET NEW VOICES AND PLEASE DO FOCUS ON SPECIFIC QUESTIONS AND WE'LL ASK YOU TO SAY WHO YOU ARE BEFORE YOU ASK THE QUESTIONS. WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO GO BACK AND HAND IT OVER TO MY COLLEAGUE, ANGELA LODER. >> I'M ANGELA LODER. I WANT TO GIVE A LITTLE BIT OF HINTS OF WHAT WE'RE ASKING YOU TO DO. WE REALLY WANT TO MAKE THIS SESSION I COME AND THEN GO OFF AND FORGET. WE WANT FOLLOW-UP, WE'RE ASKING FOR CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SPEAKERS, LOOKING FOR GAPS, FOR THE OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN THE GOAL OF THE SESSION, WHICH IS HOW DO WE HAVE INTERSECTION BETWEEN BUILDING LEVEL HEALTH INITIATIVES AND COMMUNITY LEVEL HEALTH INITIATIVES, THE SPEAKERS RANGE GOING MORE SPECIFIC TO A LITTLE BIT MORE BROAD. YOU'LL SEE WE HAVE A PLAN IN MIND. BASED ON WHAT EXPERTISE IS. SO OUR COLLEAGUE DR. WHITNEY AUSTIN GRAY AND ANOTHER COLLEAGUE, YOUR COLLEAGUE, WILL BE PASSING OUT SHEETS OF PAPER OR POST-IT NOTES. WE'RE GOING TO BE GIVING GUIDING QUESTIONS AFTER THE SPEAKERS HAVE TALKED, OF THINGS TO THINK ABOUT THAT WE'D LOVE YOUR FEEDBACK ON, OR ANY COMMENTS OR FEEDBACK AND WHERE THIS NEEDS TO GO, NEXT STEPS, GAPS AND OPPORTUNITY, WHO IS NOT AT THE TABLE. THOSE KINDS OF QUESTIONS. IF YOU SO DESIRE, YOU CAN LEAVE YOUR CONTACT INFORMATION AT THE BOTTOM, WE'LL CONTACT YOU AFTER THE SESSION FOR FOLLOW-UP. >> OKAY. I'M LARRY ZERKER, BUILDING PERFORMANCE INSTITUTE. WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT BUILDINGS. I WANT TO CHANGE THE TOPIC TO HOMES. WE ALL LIVE IN A DWELLING. THERE WE GO. AND MY TOPIC IS OUR HOMES SUCK. AND THAT'S WHY OUR CHILDREN HAVE SINUS PROBLEMS. AND THIS ISN'T REALLY A COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. I'VE BEEN IN BUILDING RESEARCH FOR OVER 20 YEARS. IT'S REALLY A PHYSICS QUESTION. OUR HOMES SUCK BECAUSE OF STACK EFFECT. THE AIR GETS PULLED INTO THE BUILDING, AND IT EXITS THROUGH THE TOP. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR US? IT MEANS THAT WE'RE PULLING IN AIR THAT WE CAN'T TRUST. AND WE BREATHE IT. AND SO THINK ABOUT THIS TODAY, AS I'M TALKING ABOUT THE PLACE WHERE YOU LIVE AND THE THINGS THAT BOTHER YOU ABOUT YOUR HOME, OR YOUR APARTMENT THAT THERE ARE ROOMS THAT CAN'T BE BROUGHT TO TEMPERATURE, YOU HAVE PROBLEMS WITH DRAFTS AND THAT SORT OF THING BECAUSE THIS IS REAL. AND THE REALITY IS THAT THERE'S OVER 134 MILLION HOMES IN THE UNITED STATES, OVER A THIRD OF THEM ARE AT LEAST 45 YEARS OLD, ANOTHER THIRD BETWEEN 25 AND 45 YEARS OLD. SO, THE GREAT MAJORITY OF OUR HOMES PRE-DATE MODERN ENERGY CODES. SO THEY ARE GREAT PLACES TO LIVE BUT DON'T PERFORM AS THEY SHOULD. OUR HOMES ARE -- THIS IS AN EPA SLIDE ON THE SYSTEMS IN A HOME. AND I WANT TO SEE A SHOW OF HANDS REAL QUICK, HOW MANY OF YOU THINK IF YOU GET A HOUSE TOO TIGHT YOU CAN INTRODUCE PROBLEMS WITH AIR QUALITY IN THE HOME? SO THE MAJORITY OF YOU THINK THAT. I AGREE WITH YOU. THE PROBLEM IS, DRAFTY HOMES MAY BE WORSE. AND WE'LL GET INTO THAT. SO LET'S LOOK AT THIS RED -- RIGHT HERE. PRESUME THAT'S A CRAWL SPACE. AND WE'RE GOING TO GO INSIDE THAT HOUSE AND LOOK AT WHAT'S GOING ON. CRAWL SPACES HAVE A LOT OF PROBLEMS. THEY HAVE WATER. THEY HAVE RODENTS LIVING IN THEM. OR DEAD IN THEM. AND THE AIR PASSES THROUGH THAT INTO LIVING SPACE. AND THE PROBLEM WITH THAT IS THAT OUR COMFORT SYSTEMS ACTUALLY PULL THAT AIR THROUGH THE SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTE IT THROUGHOUT THE HOUSE. WE BREATHE THAT AIR. AND THEN IT COMES DOWN THROUGH THE -- FOLLOW THE BLUE LINES, THROUGH THE RETURN TO MEET THE FURNACE FILTER, LOOK AT THE FURNACE FILTER, LIKE WHAT OUR LUNGS ARE EXPERIENCING, IN OUR HOME. DRAFTY HOMES HAVE PROBLEMS. I LIVED IN ONE MORE MANY YEARS, 30 YEARS IN TAKOMA PARK, MARYLAND, I WAS AT THE BOTTOM OF TWO HILLS, I WROTE THIS BLOG LAST SUMMER. I WAS THE COBBLER WHOSE KIDS ARE NO SHOES. MY KIDS WERE ATHLETES, PLAYED SOCCER, HAD SINUSITIS ALL THE TIME. I DIDN'T PUT TWO AND TWO TOGETHER THAT WE HAD A WET BASEMENT. FINALLY SOMEONE DOING TRAINING IN OUR HOUSE SAID, IS YOUR BASEMENT ALWAYS WET? I SAID ONLY WHEN IT RAINS. YOU KNOW. WHICH IS PRETTY OFTEN. SO I FINALLY GOT THAT FIXED. I WENT DOWN THE PATH OF LEARNING ABOUT HOW BUILDINGS AND HEALTH RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER. THAT WAS A 100-YEAR-OLD HOUSE. THEN WE GOT A HOUSEs ACTUALLY ABOUT A MILE FROM HERE, AND IT'S 30 YEARS OLD. AND I'M SAYING TO MYSELF, WHAT COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG? YOU LOOK AT THIS SLIDE ON THE RIGHT. IT WAS -- WE HAD A MILDEW SMELL, AND SO I REMOVED THE BOOKS, REMOVED THE TRIM. REMOVED THE BOOK CASE. EXPOSED A SECTION OF WALL THAT COULDN'T EVER DRY. WASN'T A LOT OF WATER, COULD NEVER DRY. THIS IS COMMON IN MANY HOMES. WE'RE HAVING -- YOU'RE SEEING MOLD ON THE WALL. THE FRAMING WAS ROTTED, IT WAS A SMALL LITTLE LEAK, RIGHT? A SMALL LITTLE LEAK COMPROMISING THE HEALTH OF THE OCCUPANTS. SO THIS IS AFTER A THREE INCH DELUGE. THAT'S NOT A LOT OF WATER COMING IN. BUT THAT'S A LOT OF PROBLEMS FOR THE OCCUPANTS. SO THIS UNDERSCORES THE IMPORTANCE OF TREATING THE HOUSE AS A SYSTEM. AND WE KNOW THAT THERE IS AN EPIDEMIC IN THE U.S. WITH ASTHMA. THERE ARE A LOT OF -- RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT HOUSES CONTRIBUTE TO ASTHMA, THROUGH THINGS LIKE DUST MITES, COCKROACH DANDER, MOISTURE IN THE HOUSE AND MOLD. AND THIS SLIDE SHOWS THE PREVALENCE OF ASTHMA, SO IN THE COHORT OF 17 YEARS OR LOWER, A SURPRISING NUMBER OF STATES HAVE 10% OF THE POPULATION IN THAT AGE GROUP HAS ASTHMA, AND THAT NUMBER IS INCREASING. AND WE BELIEVE THAT THE HOUSE CONTRIBUTES TO THAT. SO, THIS IS A SIMPLE CASE OF ONE CONTRACTOR IN OREGON DEALING WITH A WOMAN SCHEDULED TO HAVE THORACIC SURGERY, TWO KIDS ON ASTHMA ON INHALERS, LIVED NEXT TO A PERSON WHO HAD -- WHO HEATED WITH WOOD, SO THEY USE A DEVICE CALLED AIR ADVICE TO MEASURE PARTICULATES IN THE HOME. SO THE NUMBER WAS VERY HIGH BEFORE, THEN THEY DID THE ASSESSMENT, ENERGY AUDIT, AND DECIDED TO INSTALL -- WELL, TO DO AIR SEALING, INSULATION UPGRADES, AND INSTAL HRV HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATORS IN THE HOME WITH VERY GOOD FILTRATION. YOU SEE THE NUMBERS COMING DOWN. AND THEN AFTERWARDS, YOU SEE THE NUMBERS, KIDS LOST INHALER, MOM NEVER HAD SURGERY. AND WHAT THE CONTRACTOR SAID TO US IS THIS IS TINY DATA. THIS IS ONE HOME. YOU CAN'T NECESSARILY SAY THAT THIS IS ALL OF OUR HOMES. THAT'S THE PROBLEM. THE PROBLEM IS WE DON'T HAVE ENOUGH GOOD RESEARCH DATA TO SHOW THAT THIS IS THE DIRECTION THAT WE NEED TO GO. THERE IS SOME DATA, THE GREEN AND HEALTHY HOMES INITIATIVE DID 100 UNITS IN BALTIMORE, KIDS WITH ASTHMA, THEY UPGRADED THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT, AND HAD A 67% DECLINE IN EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS. AND THAT TRANSLATES INTO REAL MONEY. MONEY THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IS COVERING FOR THE E.R. VISIT OR THE HOSPITAL STAY. SO THERE ARE WAYS TO GET AT WHAT THE VALUE OF THIS IS. ANOTHER CASE IS IN NEW ZEALAND, 188,000 HOMES WERE GOING TO BE UPGRADED FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY, THEY WANTED TO MEASURE WHAT THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY BENEFITS WERE. TURNS OUT ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITAL DECLINED BY 43%, DAYS OFF SCHOOL, DAYS OFF WORK WENT DOWN, OVER 90% OF THE BENEFITS WERE ACTUALLY HEALTH RELATED, WHICH SURPRISED THEM. SO, AGAIN, THERE'S SOME INFORMATION, BUT IT'S NOT LIKE THE KIND OF INFORMATION THAT WE GET FROM THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WHERE THEY DO DOUBLE BLIND STUDIES, CAREFULLY DESIGNED STUDY. WE JUST DON'T HAVE THAT KIND OF RESEARCH. AND WE NEED IT. SO THE REASON I'M HERE TODAY IS TO SAY WE NEED THAT KIND OF RESEARCH TO BE ABLE TO MAKE DEFINITIVE CLAIMS. SO WE CREATED, WE'RE A STANDARD SETTING ORGANIZATION, WE'RE A CERTIFYING BODY, CREATED A HEALTHY HOME EVALUATOR. THIS IS A PERSON WHO HAS STRONG CREDENTIALS TO USE DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT AT HOMES AND THEN THEY GET TRAINED UP TO THIS NEW CERTIFICATION SO THEY CAN GO IN AND THROUGH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES IDENTIFY WHERE THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ARE IN THE HOME AND ADVISE THE OCCUPANTS ON WHAT SHOULD BE DONE. SO THIS IS A FAIRLY NEW CERTIFICATION, PEOPLE LIKE KEVIN AND OTHERS IN THIS ROOM HAVE HELPED TO CREATE IT. WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD A WORKFORCE THAT CAN GO INTO HOMES AND DO THIS. SO, THERE'S INFORMATION HERE, LOTS OF RESOURCES ON READING UP ON HEALTH IMPACTS. AND WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO TURN IT OVER TO KEVIN. I GUESS WE'RE DOING QUESTIONS FIRST. >> I INVITE EVERYBODY TO COME TO THE MIC TO ASK QUESTIONS, AFTER EACH SPEAKER, LIKE ADVERTISED. NOW IS THE TIME TO STAND UP AND ASK THE QUESTIONS YOU WANT ANSWERED. I'M JONATHAN COHEN FROM DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. A QUESTION OVER HERE, HE ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY WHO HAS A QUESTION ABOUT WHAT THEY HEARD TO STAND UP IN THE BRIEF AMOUNT OF TIME FOR EACH SPEAKER. >> THIS IS ELY JACOBSON, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, I'M GOING TO SET UP LARRY FOR A MOMENT. CAN YOU DESCRIBE HOW YOU HAVE SEEN CONTRACTORS USING HEALTH MESSAGES TO ACTUALLY SELL HOME IMPROVEMENTS AND CAN YOU HELP THIS AUDIENCE UNDERSTAND THEIR LIMITATIONS AND HOW THEY CAN TALK ABOUT HEALTH? >> UH-HUH. SO, I'M -- WE SEE THAT A LOT OF THE PROGRAMS IN THE COUNTRY DATING BACK TO THE ARAB OIL EMBARGO IN THE 1970s WHEN WE HAD LONG GAS LINES, A LOT OF THE INITIATIVES IN OUR COUNTRY HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO END OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN SOURCES OF ENERGY. THAT DATES BACK TO THE '70s. ALL OF THE PROGRAMS WERE ABOUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PROVIDING INCENTIVES TO REDUCE OUR CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY, BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT PEOPLE WANT. THEY WANT COMFORT, HEALTH, SAFETY. THEY WANT DURABILITY. THEY DON'T BUY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY. SO THE CONTRACTORS HAVE LEARNED, THE REALLY GOOD AND SUCCESSFUL ONES LEARNED TO SIT DOWN AND ASK QUESTIONS LIKE, WHERE IN THE HOUSE ARE YOU NOT COMFORTABLE? WHERE ARE THE DRAFTS? WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS THAT YOU'RE EXPERIENCING? DO YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN THE HOUSE WHO HAVE INHALERS? AND THAT DRIVES THEM TO ACTUALLY SOLVE PROBLEMS. IDENTIFY WHERE THE CONCERN AREAS ARE. NOT TRYING TO SELL THE WINDOWS. FIND THE PROBLEMS AND SOLVE THEM. AND HEALTH IS PARAMOUNT FOR -- YOU KNOW, OUR HOUSE IS OUR CASTLE. WHERE WE LIVE IS IMPORTANT TO US. SO THAT'S A BIG SHIFT, AND IT'S HAPPENING RIGHT NOW. >> WE WANT TO ASK EVERYBODY, PLEASE SAY YOUR AFFILIATION, ASK A QUESTION. IF YOU DO NOT ASK A QUESTION IN SHORT ORDER WE'LL MOVE ON TO KEEP THINGS MOVING. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR STEPPING UP TO THE MIC. SAY YOUR AFFILIATION, NAME, AFFILIATION, ASK YOUR QUESTION. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> LEE YOUNG. THERE'S SEVERAL HOSPITALS, THE PROBLEM, SOMEBODY PUT SOMETHING, MOLD OR SOMETHING IN YOUR HOUSE, A MECHANISM, INFESTATION, A MOUSE OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT, ALSO PUT THE CHEMICAL MAYBE IN YOUR HOUSE AND MAYBE MAKE YOU LOSE YOUR HAIR AND MAYBE CHANGE YOUR APPEARANCES AND THINGS LIKE THAT. THE CONSUMERS, THE OFFICE THE HARM IN STUDYING THAT WILL NOT GIVE YOU INFORMATION, WHO ENTER YOUR HOUSE, WHETHER THEY ARE COMING TO INSPECT, WHAT WOULD YOU DO? >> PLEASE ASK A QUESTION OR WE'RE GOING TO NEED TO MOVE ON. >> MY QUESTION IS THERE ARE MAYBE SOME CAUSAL -- HAZARDS OR THE MOLD PROBLEM, BUT LET'S CALL SOMEBODY PUT SOMETHING, MATERIAL OR SOME LIQUID OR SOMETHING TO YOUR HOUSE. >> I GET YOUR POINT. >> THANK YOU. >> OUR PEOPLE ACTUALLY -- WE HAVE OVER 8,000 INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE CALLED BUILDING ANALYSTS, WHO SORT OF LIVE IN CRAWL SPACES. THOSE PICTURES YOU SAW ARE ONES THEY PROVIDED TO ME. THEY ARE TRAINED TO LOOK FOR MOLD, TO LOOK FOR CONTAMINANTS, TO LOOK FOR PESTS, TO LOOK FOR THE THINGS THAT YOU PROBABLY KNOW ABOUT IF YOU LIVE IN A HOME BECAUSE YOU'VE SEEN IT AND YOU'RE EMBARRASSED TO TALK ABOUT IT. BUT THEY WILL LOOK FOR THAT AND FIND IT. AND THAT'S THEIR JOB, IS TO HELP UNDERSTAND WHAT IS CAUSING YOU CONCERN. >> THANK YOU. NEXT QUESTION. >> SEDRA GOLDMAN, ARCHITECT, BPI CERTIFIED. ONE OF THE QUESTIONS I HAD IS I FIND A LOT OF WHAT BPI HAS AS FAR AS THEIR CERTIFICATIONS, VERY INTERESTING, AND VERY INFORMATIVE, BUT THE BARRIER TO PEOPLE GETTING ACCESS TO THAT INFORMATION, LIKE THE PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM, IS THE COST, SO I WAS WONDER ING IF YOU'RE WORKING ON ANYTHING, SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE LIKE YOU TALKED ABOUT THE HHA CERTIFICATION, SOME KNOWLEDGE FROM THAT THAT MAYBE PEOPLE DON'T HAVE TO GET FULLY CERTIFIED BUT THEY CAN LEARN ABOUT IT IN A DEEPER WAY. >> OKAY. SO WHAT'S INTERESTING IS THAT THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION HAD A CERTIFICATION CALLED HEALTHY HOME SPECIALISTS, AND THEY DISCONTINUED THAT AT THE END OF LAST YEAR. AND WE ACTUALLY PURCHASED THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE EXAM, AND WE'RE GOING TO BRING INTO THE MARKET BELOW THIS HIGH LEVEL HEALTHY HOME EVALUATOR, WE'RE GOING TO BRING AN ASSESSOR OR ADVISER, AND INTRODUCE THAT INTO THE MARKET, THAT WILL BE LESS EXPENSIVE TO GET AND IT WILL HAVE THE TRAINING THAT WILL -- COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS AND OTHERS IN THE FIELD CAN USE. SO WE'RE MOVING IN THAT DIRECTION TOO. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, LARRY. THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR THIS IMMEDIATE BRIEF WINDOW, AFTER THE SPEAKER, BUT WE'RE GOING TO OPEN UP FOR FULLER DISCUSSION AFTER THE LAST SPEAKER. HOLD THAT QUESTION. MEANTIME WE'LL GO TO THE NEXT SPEAKER, I'D LIKE TO ASK KEVIN KENNEDY TO COME ON DOWN, AS THEY SAY, ON THE PRICE IS RIGHT. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. I WANT TO MENTION ELY, A RESPONSE TO YOUR QUESTION. YOU ASKED HOW THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE WORKERS, HOME PERFORMANCE WORKERS COULD ENGAGE IN CONVERSATION ABOUT HEALTH. THAT IS NOT THE INTENT OF THE PROGRAM. IT IS NOT TO GET THEM TO ENGAGE ABOUT HEALTH. THEY ARE TO ENGAGE IN THEIR EXPERT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOMES AND HOME PERFORMANCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE HOME. IF THEY CAN ENGAGE AND GET HOMEOWNERS TO REDUCE THOSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, TO IMPROVE THE INDOOR CONDITIONS, THEN THE CONVERSATIONS THAT AN OWNER HAS WITH THEIR PHYSICIAN CAN BE ABOUT THE HEALTH ISSUES, HOPEFULLY HEALTH BENEFITS THAT CAME FROM THAT. SO I WORK FOR A HOSPITAL, WE HAVE AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM. IT'S A UNIQUE PROGRAM IN THAT WE GO INTO FAMILIES' HOMES, SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON CHILDREN. WE ALSO HAVE A PROGRAM GOING INTO SCHOOLS. WE ARE CONSULTANTS TO SOME OF OUR LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND HELP THEM MANAGING THEIR BUILDINGS AND EDUCATING AND TRAINING THEIR STAFF. WE DO RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF HOME AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS, AND WE'RE A TRAINING CENTER, TEACHING THE WORKFORCE TO ASSESS AND CHARACTERIZE HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS IN HOMES AND SCHOOLS. WE'VE BEEN DOING ALL OF THIS KIND OF WORK FOR ABOUT 20 YEARS. SO WE'RE A UNIQUE PART OF A HOSPITAL, AND REPRESENT THE IDEA THAT HOSPITALS NEED TO AND ARE NOW ENGAGING MORE SPECIFICALLY IN COMMUNITIES THROUGH A FOCUS ON SOCIAL DETERMINANTS. MANY OF YOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF THE CONCEPT OF UPSTREAM MEDICINE, THIS IDEA THAT WE HAVE TO LOOK UPSTREAM AWAY FROM WHAT WE'RE SEEING, HOW THEY ARE PRESENTING WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS WE'RE SEEING HERE, WHAT ARE CAUSING THOSE SYMPTOMS, WHAT ARE THE ROOT CAUSES, WE NEED TO LOOK UPSTREAM AT WHERE THAT CHILD SPENDS TIME, WHAT IS THEIR HEALTH CONDITION, AND WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS THEY MIGHT BE DEALING WITH. NOT JUST SPECIFICALLY IN THE HOME, ALTHOUGH THAT'S OUR FOCUS, BUT ALL OF THOSE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS, ALL OF I WOULD CALL THEM SOCIAL CONTRIBUTORS BECAUSE THESE ARE THINGS WE CAN CHANGE THAT CHILDREN ARE EXPOSED TO TO IMPROVE THEIR HEALTH. HER NOT DETERMINED. WE CAN MAKE CHANGE. BECAUSE THE REALITY IS, IN THE UNITED STATES, WE SPEND FAR MORE ON HEALTH CARE AND FAR LESS ON SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SERVICE AND COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS, THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. AND THIS GAP IS GROWING. WE'RE SPENDING MORE ON HEALTH CARE AND UNDER OUR CURRENT POLITICAL CLIMATE, LESS ON POTENTIAL SOCIAL SERVICES, THAT THE REST OF THE WORLD RECOGNIZES HAS SIGNIFICANT HEALTH BENEFIT THAT COMES FROM BEING OUT IN THE COMMUNITY, AND ENGAGING IN BEST PRACTICES ON THE GROUND, IN NEIGHBORHOODS, TO CHANGE CONDITIONS THAT PEOPLE ESPECIALLY CHILDREN ARE GROWING UP IN. EVERYONE IN THIS ROOM WILL EXPERIENCE A CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION IN THEIR LIFETIME. YOU DON'T EXPERIENCE THAT CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION IN THE HOSPITAL. YOUR STAY IN THE HOSPITAL IS TEMPORARY. YOU TAKE CARE OF YOUR HEALTH CONDITION AT YOUR HOME. AND YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD. THAT'S A CRITICAL IN YOUR CARE AND RECOVERY, AND IF A HOME CONDITION IS WORSE, THEN ABILITY TO RECOVER TAKES LONGER OR CAN MAKE YOU SIGNIFICANTLY SICKER AND MANY OF THE PATIENTS WE DEAL WITH, THAT IS THE CASE. OUR STORY STARTED WITH KIDS IN THE ALLERGY CLINIC 30 YEARS AGO WITH DR. PORTNOY RECOGNIZING THE ROLE ENVIRONMENT WAS PLAYING IN PATIENTS HE WAS TRYING TO MANAGE. HE HAD THEM ON MEDICATION, DOING EVERYTHING GUIDELINES SAID HE NEEDED TO DO, YET THEY ARE STILL CHRONICALLY ILL AND IN THE E.D. ON A REGULAR BASIS. BECAUSE OF HIS ROLE WITH HIS MONEY HIRED ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENISTS TO GO TO A HOME, ASSESS CONDITIONS FOR SOME OF THESE PATIENTS, RECOGNIZE THE EXPOSURES THEY WERE DEALING WITH, CONNECT WITH COMMUNITY PART PARTNERS AND HOUSING PARTNERS TO SEE MEDICINE USE GO DOWN, STIMULUS TO ESTABLISH A PROGRAM, CLEAR BACK IN THE '90s. SO NOW THE GREEN CIRCLE HERE REPRESENTS YOUR DIRECT HEALTH CARE, THE LARGER CIRCLES AROUND THE OUTSIDE REPRESENT ALL OF THOSE OTHER COMPONENTS THAT SHOULD BE PART OF COMPREHENSIVE CARE IN MANAGING CHILDREN AND THEIR HEALTH AND WELL BEING. I'VE BEEN FORTUNATE TO BE INVOLVED, BECAUSE OF THE WORK WE DO, IN HOME ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND WE'VE DONE A LOT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION KIND OF RESEARCH ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA, AND ALLERGIES, AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALLERGENS IN HOMES. AND THROUGH THAT WORK, HAVE FOUND -- AND THERE'S LOTS OF ROBUST RESEARCH BY OTHERS -- TO SHOW A CLEAR CONNECTION BETWEEN CHANGING HOME ENVIRONMENTS AND SEEING IMPROVEMENTS IN ASTHMA DISEASE AND IN A REDUCTION IN UTILIZATION. AND SEEING AN ECO-TONIC RETURN ON INVESTMENT FOR INTERVENTIONS DONE IN MANAGEMENT, AND HOW THAT RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT COST SAVINGS TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. WELL, IT TURNS OUT THAT THROUGH ENERGY AND HOME PERFORMANCE WORK, SOME PROGRAMS EVALUATED CHRONIC HEALTH PATIENTS, IN THEIR WORK WHO WERE PARTICIPATING IN PROGRAMS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS, AND ALSO FOUND SIGNIFICANT HEALTH BENEFIT. THESE ARE TWO IMPORTANT REPORTS THAT CAME OUT, ONE SPONSORED BY DOE, ONE BY E FOR THE FUTURE, THESE REPORTS SHOWED BOTH FOR SENIORS AND CHILDREN SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT FROM VARIOUS ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PROGRAMS, VERY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTH CONDITIONS. AND LARRY MENTIONED SOME OF THESE CASE STUDIES. THIS TABLE SHOWS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE HEALTH SYMPTOMS AND THE IMPROVEMENTS THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES THAT RESULTED FROM WEATHERIZATION. SO REALLY THE MODEL, THE GOAL, WE KNOW WELL THE X-AXIS OF THIS CURVE. WE CAN MEASURE PRETTY ACCURATELY THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE AND HOW TO MAKE A HOME MORE EFFICIENT. WE'RE BEGINNING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT KINDS OF SCORES, OF MEASUREMENTS, WE CAN TAKE TO SHOW THAT A HOUSE IS HEALTHIER. BUT, AGAIN, OUR GOAL IS TO BE IN THE UPPER RIGHT OF THE AXIS, WHAT IS HEALTHY AND EFFICIENT, THAT'S OUR CHALLENGE. WHAT WE IN OUR WORK HAVE BEEN WORKING ON. THIS DECISION MAKING TREE SHOWS HOW WELL CORRELATED ENERGY PERFORMANCE WORK IS WITH HEALTHY HOME OR HOME ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE WORK. THEY ALIGN VERY WELL. AND THEY ARE NATURAL TO BE INTEGRATED. THE WORKFORCE LARRY HAS CERTIFIED, BUILDING ANALYSTS ARE ACTUALLY THE EXPERTS ON BUILDING DIAGNOSTICS FOR UNDERSTANDING VERY SPECIFICALLY WHAT THOSE AIR PATHWAYS ARE, WHAT THE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS ARE, THAT GUIDE EXPOSURE FROM SOURCES IN HOMES TO WHERE PEOPLE SPEND TIME. SO THEY HAVE THE SKILL SET BUT WE NEED TO EXPAND AND GET THEM THINKING MORE ABOUT THE HOUSE AS A SYSTEM AND ITS ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE. SO OUR PROGRAM HAS BEEN DOING THAT KIND OF WORK NOW FOR 20 YEARS. WE'VE BEEN IN WELL OVER A THOUSAND HOMES. WE'RE UNIQUE AMONG HOSPITALS, AS FAR AS HOME VISITS, BECAUSE WE'RE NOT JUST DOING A VISIT WITH A COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER. WE HAVE ON STAFF FIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENISTS WHO GO WITH A COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER OR WITH A HEALTH COORDINATOR, THEY ARE VERY SPECIFICALLY DIAGNOSING THE BUILDING, VERY SPECIFICALLY DOING MEASUREMENTS AND SAMPLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, DEPENDING ON THE RISK OF THE PATIENT. SO WE STRATIFY OUR PATIENTS, BASED ON WHAT KIND OF RISK THEY ARE DEALING WITH AND HOW SICK THEY ARE, AND OFFER A LEVEL OF SERVICE THAT MEETS THE HEALTH CONCERN AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES THAT THEY ARE REPORTING. WE COLLECT DATA IN A VERY SYSTEMATIC WAY AND SCORE AND RATE THOSE CONDITIONS SO WE CAN COMMUNICATE BACK TO THE FAMILY VERY SPECIFICALLY ABOUT WHAT OUR CONCERNS WERE, BUT KEY TO THAT IS COMMUNICATING BOTH THE POSITIVE, ABOUT THEIR HOME, AND THE NEGATIVE OR THE CONCERNS WE HAVE THAT WE WANT TO TRY TO ADDRESS THROUGH THE WORK WE'RE GOING TO OFFER. THE WOK WE OFFER, WELL, THE OTHER THING WE MIGHT INCLUDE THEN IS SOME SAMPLING AND MEASURING DATA TO SUPPORT THAT. THE WORK WE OFFER IS SPECIFICALLY TARGETED REPAIRS, TARGETED CHANGES TO THE HOME, THAT THE RESEARCH HAS SHOWN IF WE CAN CHANGE THOSE CONDITIONS, IT SHOULD REDUCE THEIR EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. WE OFFER THEM FREE SUPPLIES THAT ARE DONATED BY THE HOSPITALS. WE TEACH THEM AND EDUCATE THEM ABOUT CLEANING, AND ABOUT MAINTAINING THEIR HOME. WE DO SPECIFIC SERVICES IN THE HOME. THAT ISN'T THE HOSPITAL DOING HOME REPAIR WORK, IT'S US PARTNERING WITH COMMUNITY HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS, THEY HAVE EXPERTISE, KNOW HOW TO MANAGE CONTRACTORS, WE HAVE A LONG-TERM PARTNERSHIP WITH MANY OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS TO HAVE THEM DO THE WORK IN THE COMMUNITY WITH THE FAMILY ON THEIR HOME, BUT THEY ARE ENGAGED THROUGH THEIR CONTACT WITH US BECAUSE OF A CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION. THIS SHOWS SOME DIFFERENT COSTS AND THEN BEFORE AND AFTER. AND THEN THROUGH THIS EFFORT, WE'VE SEEN A SPECIFIC REDUCTION IN THE UTILIZATION OF THESE KIDS, THEY ARE OUT OF E.D. LESS, OUT OF THE HOSPITAL, SO OUR GOAL IS TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF THEIR HOME ON THEIR HEALTH, JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THAT REDUCTION. AND THEN WE DON'T DO THIS ALONE. AS I SAY, THIS IS VERY MUCH A PROGRAM THAT IS OUT IN THE COMMUNITY, SO WE HAVE WELL OVER 100 DIFFERENT PARTNERS THAT ALL SERVE A DIFFERENT ROLE. ABSOLUTELY IT TAKES THE VILLAGE TO PROVIDE THIS KIND OF SERVICE AND THEY ALL PLAY A VALUABLE ROLE BUT WE ALL WORK TOGETHER TO TRY TO BENEFIT THE FAMILIES AND NEIGHBORHOODS IN OUR COMMUNITY. FORTUNATELY, THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT PUT AN EMPHASIS ON HIGHER QUALITY CARE AT A LOWER COST, THROUGH THE TRIPLE AIM, AND CHANGED WHAT'S CALLED THE ESSENTIAL BENEFIT RULE, SEVERAL YEARS AGO, WHICH CHANGED WHO COULD DO HOME VISITS AND ALLOWED FOR NON-HEALTH CARE LICENSED PEOPLE TO PROVIDE SERVICES IN HOMES, INCLUDING HEALTHY HOME ASSESSORS, ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENISTS OR ASSESSORS. BUT THEY LEFT IT UP TO THE STATES, CENTER FOR MEDICAID SERVICES LEFT IT TO THE STATES TO IMPLEMENT PROGRAMS SO IT'S MOVED VERY SLOWLY. MISSOURI IS THE FIRST STATE IN THE NATION TO ACTUALLY DEVELOP A POLICY THAT ALLOWS FOR THE REIMBURSEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSORS, SO HEALTH INSURANCE, PAYING FOR THE HOME ASSESSMENTS, TO HELP PEDIATRIC ASTHMA PATIENTS. IN MY VIEW, THIS COULD BE EXPANDED REALLY TO ANY CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION, THERE ARE MANY SENIORS WHO DEAL WITH DEBILITATING CHRONIC ILLNESS AND HAVE LIVED IN A HOME AND COPED WITH A CONDITION IN THOSE HOMES BECAUSE OF THEIR LIMIT IN ECONOMIC ABILITY TO PAY FOR THINGS THAT WOULD TREMENDOUSLY BENEFIT FROM A PROGRAM LIKE THIS. I WANT TO POINT OUT YOU MENTIONED LOOKING FOR KNOWLEDGE. NATIONAL HEALTHY HOME TRAINING CENTER, WE'RE ONE OF THE TRAINING CENTER, OFFERS COURSES ON A ROUTINE BASES COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AND HOUSING INCLUDING HOW TO ASSESS HOMES, ALL OF THESE COURSES ARE AVAILABLE, THAT'S SUPPORTED BY HUD, BY EPA AND CDC, SO THAT'S A PLACE TO GET KNOWLEDGE. I'D BE HAPPY TO TALK TO ANYBODY ABOUT TRAINING AFTERWARDS. >> OKAY. WE ARE GOING TO NOW GO TO A VERY QUICK QUESTION PERIOD, AS IN VERY QUICK. SO PLEASE SAY YOUR NAME, AFFILIATION, ASK A QUESTION. IF YOU SAY YOUR QUESTION IN 15 SECONDS WE MIGHT SQUEEZE IN TWO. OTHERWISE IT'S TIGHT AND WE'LL HAVE TO SAVE IT TO THE LARGER DISCUSSION AT THE END. WE'LL START HERE AND MOVE OVER THERE. >> JOEL KINMAN, SCIENTIST, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. I'VE HEARD HOW ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS PEOPLE BUT NOT HOW PEOPLE, SAY DIET, AFFECTS THAT, THE NUMBER ONE BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE WORLDWIDE IS DIETARY INTAKE. SO THIS NEEDS TO BE BALANCED OUT, GO TO SOMEONE'S HOME, THINK ABOUT HOW THE HOUSE IS AFFECTING THEM, HOW ABOUT THEIR FRIDGE? >> YOU'RE SAYING YES, DIET PLAYS A ROLE, I DON'T DISPUTE THAT. WHAT WAS YOUR LAST PART OF THAT QUESTION? >> WELL, PROBABLY THE MAIN PART OF THE HOME CAUSING DAMAGE IS THE FRIDGE. >> IS THE FRIDGE? >> THE FRIDGE. WHAT'S IN THE FRIDGE. >> OH, RIGHT. NO QUESTION ABOUT THAT. >> RESILIENCE TO EVERYTHING YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT IS DIETARY INTAKE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. >> ABSOLUTELY, THAT PLAYS A ROLE. NO QUESTION ABOUT IT. YOU'RE NOT ASKING A QUESTION, JUST MAKING A ESTIMATE. >> I'M SAYING HOW DO YOU TAKE THAT INTO YOUR CALCULUS? >> HOW DO WE TAKE IT IN? WELL, THAT'S NOT SPECIFICALLY THROUGH OUR PROGRAM. BUT IF A PATIENT AT OUR HOUSE, AND OUR HOSPITAL HAS A WHOLE FOCUS ON WEIGHT MANAGEMENT, ON HEALTHY LIFESTYLES, AND WE HAVE VERY SPECIFIC PROGRAMS INCLUDING COMMUNITY GARDENS, WHERE WE ARE OUT IN THE COMMUNITY TEACHING ABOUT NUTRITION, FIVE YEARS AGO OUR HOSPITAL TOOK THE STEP AND VERY FEW HOSPITALS HAVE TO ELIMINATE SODAS, CHANGE OUR ENTIRE CAFETERIA, AND TAKE OUT ALL THE CANDY BARS AND SWEETS, AND SWITCH OVER TO FRESH FRUITS AND SOME LOCALLY PRODUCED STUFF IN OUR SALAD BAR. SO IT'S A LONG PROCESS, BUT YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT, IT'S A FUNDAMENTAL ONE. >> THANK YOU. WE UNFORTUNATELY HAVE RUN OUT OF TIME FOR QUESTIONS DURING THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH OF THE SPEAKER BUT HOLD THE QUESTIONS TILL THE END. I'LL HAND IT OVER TO MY COLLEAGUE, DR. LODER. >> DOMINICK IS A COLLEAGUE TALK BECOME INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN BUILDING LEVEL INTERVENTIONS AND COMMUNITY LEVEL INTERVENTIONS THROUGH THE WELL BUILDING STANDARDS. >> HELLO. BY A SHOW OF HANDS, WHO IS VERY FAMILIAR WITH THE WELL BUILDING STANDARDS? WHO IS NOT SO FAMILIAR WITH THE WELL BUILDING STANDARDS? OKAY. WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF WORK TO DO STILL. AS A REFRESHER, WELL BUILDING STANDARD IS PERFORMAND AND EVIDENCE-BASED CERTIFICATION FOR MEASURING THE HEALTH OF A BUILDING ON HUMAN HEALTH, SPREAD ACROSS 100 FEATURES, AND TEN CORE FOCUS AREAS, TACKLING AIR QUALITY, WATER QUALITY, ACOUSTICS, THERMAL COMFORT, YOU NAME IT. SO WE'VE BEEN FORTUNATE AND EXCITED TO WITNESS AND EXPERIENCE ADOPTION CURVE THAT'S BEEN ALMOST TOO FAST TO KEEP UP WITH SOMETIMES. SO IN FOUR YEARS, 930 PROJECTS, 35 COUNTRIES, AND AS YOU SEE, CITIES AND STATES, I THINK ONE O THE MOST INTERESTING THINGS FOR OUR WORK HAS BEEN ENTERING NEW MARKETS, AND UNDERSTANDING, AND BEING REMINDED WHAT WE'VE KNOWN ALL ALONG THAT HEALTH IS NOT A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL, HEALTH NEEDS IN CHINA ARE DIFFERENT THAN HEALTH NEEDS FOR PEOPLE AND BUILDINGS IN CANADA. SO THAT'S BEEN VERY INTERESTING. THAT'S BEEN SOMETHING WE'VE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION, AS WE'VE COME TO NEW ITERATIONS OF OUR PROGRAM. SO THROUGH REGIONALIZATION WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO REALLY FOCUS ON SOME OF THE TOP MARKETS BASED ON ADOPTION, AND TO MAKE THE WELL BUILDING STANDARD FOR FLEXIBLE ADDRESSING HEALTH AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL. THE IDEA AS THE STANDARD IS IN ITS NEW PILOT, YOU CAN PUT IN THE LOCATION, PUT IN THE TYPE, YOU CAN PUT IN THE BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE AND ALSO ASSOCIATE THAT WITH YOUR HEALTH GOALS AND YOUR HEALTH NEEDS, AND THE RESULT OF THAT IS A RECOMMENDED SCORE CARD. AND THE FASCINATING THING, THE THING WE'RE REALLY WORKING TO ADVANCE FURTHER, THE WEIGHTING. WEIGHTING DIFFERENT FEATURES BASED ON GEOGRAPHY AND THEIR NEEDS, BUT ALSO BALANCING THAT OUT WITH MARKET FEASIBILITY AND MARKET READINESS, BECAUSE WE REALIZE SOME OF THESE THINGS MAY NOT BE READY IN A PLACE LIKE INDIA OR MAYBE NOT FEASIBLE. SO THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE'VE REALLY WORKED TO ADVANCE WITH VARIOUS SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS, AND THEN ONE THING, I GUESS THE DREAM FOR THIS TO GET EVEN MORE SPECIFIC, FOR IT TO HAVE EVEN MORE OF A DIRECT IMPACT, AND SO WE ARE AWARE THAT THE REGION, THERE ARE MANY DISPARITIES EVEN IN A COUNTY OR IN A NEIGHBORHOOD. SO I THINK THE DREAM, YOU KNOW, FIVE YEARS FROM NOW COULD BE TO OUR PROJECT IN THE BRONX COULD HAVE A DIFFERENT SCORE CARD THAN A PROJECT IN MANHATTAN, NEW YORK. SO YOU CAN SEE WHERE WE HOPE TO GO IN THE FUTURE. THAT'S VERY EXCITING FOR US, BUT REALLY FOCUSING ON HEALTH EQUITY, WE SEE THE DISPARITIES EVEN WITHIN BLOCKS, WITHIN BUILDINGS, AND ONE THING THAT'S BEEN THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND A LOT OF MY WORK RECENTLY HAS BEEN THAT LOW INCOME MINORITY COMMUNITIES ARE ACTUALLY FACED WITH THE WORST ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THEIR BUILDINGS. AND SO THAT'S SOMETHING I'VE REALLY BEEN WANTING TO -- ANGELA AS WELL -- RAISE AWARENESS TO THAT ISSUE AND HOW WE CAN TACKLE IT THROUGH OUR BUILDINGS. SO REALLY ALSO ELEVATING THE NEED FOR PERFORMANCE. PERFORMANCE TESTING AND UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS THAT EXIST, SO WITH THE WELL BUILDING STANDARD IS HEAVILY GROUNDED IN PERFORMANCE AND UNDERSTANDING THROUGH VERIFICATION, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, FUNDAMENTAL WATER QUALITY, ET CETERA. I ASKED THE QUESTION, WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? WHICH WE GET ASKED QUITE OFTEN. IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE THINGS LIKE THIS OFTEN HAPPEN TOO OFTEN, AND TOO OFTEN ARE FORGOTTEN ABOUT. I THINK YESTERDAY I WAS EVACUATED FROM A BUILDING IN NEW YORK BECAUSE A PIPE BURST. THE PIPE WAS BUILT IN I THINK 1932. SO IT HAD BASICALLY EXPLODED AND SPREAD ACROSS MULTIPLE BUILDINGS IN NEW YORK CITY. THAT'S SOMETHING THAT FRIGHTENS ME, THAT PEOPLE A COUPLE WEEKS FROM NOW COULD FORGET ABOUT THAT, THEY AREN'T CONSTANTLY THINKING ABOUT HAS THAT BEEN REMEDIATED, HAS IT NOT. SAME THING WITH SOME THINGS COMING OUT IN FLINT MICHIGAN, WE'RE FINDING OUT THAT THE WATER QUALITY, THE ISSUES HAVEN'T BEEN REALLY FIXED. SO I GUESS ANOTHER QUESTION IS HOW DO YOU BUILD THAT INTO THE PUBLIC CONSCIENCE, AND THAT ALSO EXPANDS THE ROLE OF A BUILDING AND OUR STANDARDS ALSO ENGAGE COMMUNITIES AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS IN THE CONVERSATION. AND SO ONE THING THAT WE'VE DONE TO HELP FACILITATE THAT DIALOGUE IS ADDED A COMMUNITY CONCEPT FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, INTEGRATIVE DESIGN AND COLLABORATION, COMMUNITY ACCESS, ALSO SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS TO REALLY ENGAGE OTHER STAKEHOLDERS AND UNDERSTANDING WHAT A COMMUNITY REALLY NEEDS. SO THAT ALSO HAPPENS THROUGH OTHER CONCEPTS, THROUGH OTHER FEATURES OF THE STANDARD, ALSO IN AREAS OF MOVEMENT, FOCUSED ON PHYSICAL INTERACTION, IN A BUILDING, ALSO IN A COMMUNITY. SO WHERE WE'VE SEEN THIS BECOME SUCCESSFUL IS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO. SO IN 2017 THE CITY OF CHICAGO DECIDED THAT THEY WANTED TO TAKE ON HEALTHY BUILDINGS AND BUILD IT INTO A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY. THEY HAVE INCLUDED WELL BUILDING STANDARD FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, ACTUALLY WEIGHTED HEAVIER THAN THE OTHER CERTIFICATIONS, JUST TO GIVE YOU A SENSE OF HOW THAT WORKS ANY BUILDING PURSUING PUBLIC FUNDING OVER A MILLION DOLLARS WHICH I WOULD IMAGINE IS ALL OF THEM IN CHICAGO, THEY ARE REQUIRED TO MEET A 100-POINT THRESHOLD, THAT CAN BE MET THROUGH LEED, THROUGH ENERGY STAR, THROUGH MANY OTHER DIFFERENT CERTIFICATIONS. BUT WE WERE REALLY EXCITED TO SEE THAT CHICAGO WAS THINKING ABOUT THIS AS AN EVEN MORE COMPREHENSIVE THING, EXTENDING THE NOTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TO REALLY PUT EMPHASIS ON THE HUMANS AS WELL. SO WE'RE VERY EXCITED ABOUT THAT. I GUESS THE SHORTCOMING OF THAT IS WE HAVE NOTICED IT HASN'T RESULTED IN AN UPTICK YET, TELLING US WE NEED TO DO MORE EDUCATION, NEED TO SPREAD THE AWARENESS EVEN MORE IN SOME OF THESE AREAS. MY CALL TO ACTION IS HELP US DRIVE EQUITY INTO OUR PROGRAM, AND IT'S SOMETHING WE'RE VERY FOCUSED ON IN THE NEXT YEAR TO TWO YEARS, AND WE'RE LOOKING FOR PARTNERS TO HELP BRIDGE THAT GAP, JUST KNOWING THAT AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS AND SCHOOLS AND HOMELESS SHELTERS, WE WANT TO INCREASE ACCESS TO BUILDINGS OF ALL TIMES AND ALL COMMUNITIES, AND I THINK WE NEED HELP BY OTHER PARTNERS AND OTHER AFFILIATES AND COLLEAGUES TO HELP GET US THERE. SO THAT IS ALL I HAVE. QUESTIONS? >> THANK YOU, DOMINICK. DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS? WONDERFUL. THANK YOU. GO AHEAD. >> I LIVE IN A HOUSE IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD, AN INDIVIDUAL HOME. AFTER I LIVED THERE A FEW WEEKS, I FOUND THAT I WOULD GET SICK WHENEVER I TURNED ON THE HEAT. AND I BROUGHT IN A CHEMIST, WHO TOLD ME THAT THERE WAS CHLORDANE IN THE -- UNDER THE HOUSE, WHICH HAD BEEN PUT THERE TO KEEP TERMITES FROM EATING THE WOODEN STRUCTURE. THE DUCTS WERE -- THE RETURN AIR DUCTS WERE AUTOMATICALLY BUILT IN TO THE BASE OF THE HOUSE, THAT IS INTO THE FOUNDATION. AND THERE WAS NO WAY THEY COULD BE USED TO RETURN THE AIR TO THE FURNACE WITHOUT THE CHLORDANE, WHICH HAD BEEN INJECTED UNDER THE HOUSE, ENTERING THE DUCTS. >> WHAT IS THE QUESTION? >> I THOUGHT I WOULD ABANDON THAT HOUSE AND BUILD A SAFE ONE. I HIRED AN ARCHITECT FOR WHOM I HAVE ALREADY SPENT OVER $100,000. BUT WHEN I -- AND I BEGAN TESTING MATERIALS THAT WOULD GO INTO THE HOUSE, AND I FOUND -- >> I'M SORRY, I'M STILL NOT UNDERSTANDING THE QUESTION. >> THE CHEMIST FOUND TOXICS IN THESE BUILDING MATERIALS WHICH THE MANUFACTURER DID NOT IDENTIFY. SO I COULD NOT TRUST WHAT WAS IN THE -- WHAT I WAS TOLD WAS IN THE BUILDING MATERIALS. AND THUS I'VE GONE BACK TO THE OTHER HOUSE, USED ELECTRIC SPACE HEATERS FOR HEATING BUT I'M TOLD THAT THAT IS VERY INEFFICIENT WAY OF HEATING MY SIX-ROOM BUNGALOW. BUT I DO IT ANYWAY AND I WILL NOT ALLOW THESE ENERGY EVALUATORS TO COME INTO THE HOUSE AND EVALUATE IT. >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> HELLO, MY NAME IS SARAH HAYES, I WORK AT THE AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ECONOMY, WE HAVE A PROGRAM ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT. WE'RE HAVING A CONFERENCE IN DECEMBER THAT WILL COVER BUILDING MATERIALS AND MANY OTHER OF THESE TOPICS, IF YOU'RE INTERESTED. MY QUESTION IS, I THINK THE FIRST TWO SPEAKERS MADE A COMPELLING CASE FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ITS LINKS TO HEALTH, AND I'M LESS FAMILIAR WITH THE WELL BUILDING INSTITUTE STANDARD BUT I WAS WONDERING IF YOU COULD SPEAK TO THAT A LITTLE BUILT, HOW EFFICIENCY IS INCLUDED AND IF NOT IF THERE ARE PLANS TO INCLUDE IT MORE. >> VERY GOOD QUESTION. IN THE EVOLUTION OF WELL BUILDING STANDARD WE WORKED CLOSELY WITH OTHER GREEN RATING SYSTEMS, OTHER GREEN BUILDING ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL, TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN MAKE THIS WORK HARMONIOUSLY, WITH SUSTAINABILITY. WE DIDN'T WANT TO SEE -- WE DIDN'T WANT THIS TO BE SEEN AS A CONFLICT TO THE 25+ YEARS OF THE GREEN BUILDING INDUSTRY. SO AN EXAMPLE OF THAT HARMONY IS WATER, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU KNOW, WHERE LEED CERTIFICATION OR MAYBE ENERGY STAR OR OTHER GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATIONS ARE FOCUSED ON WATER USAGE, THE WELL BUILDING STANDARD WOULD BE FOCUSED ON WATER QUALITY AND REMOVING DIFFERENT SEDIMENTS IN YOUR WATER. TO MY POINT EARLIER, AGING INFRASTRUCTURE, MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT FACILITY NEW YORK MAY HAVE SOME OF THE CLEANEST WATER IN THE COUNTRY, BUT THAT HAS TO TRAVEL THROUGH HUNDREDS OF MILES OF INFRASTRUCTURE THAT'S ALMOST 100 YEARS OLD. SO THE WATER THAT YOU'RE GETTING AT YOUR FAUCET IS MUCH DIFFERENT THAN THE WATER THAT'S COMING OUT OF THE TREATMENT FACILITY. SO THAT'S THE PART THAT WE'RE VERY INTERESTED IN UNCOVERING, AND PRESCRIBING SOLUTIONS TO, NECESSARILY WITH GREEN BUILDING, SO THAT GIVES YOU KIND OF A ZONED IN PERSPECTIVE ON THAT. >> I HAVE A QUESTION FOR YOU. YOU MENTIONED THAT THERE'S -- VERY EXCITING, THAT SHOULD GO HAS INCLUDED WELL BUILDING STANDARD AS ONE OF THE SUSTAINABILITY METRICS. WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE SOME FACTORS THAT ENABLE THAT TO BE SUCCESSFUL. TORONTO LOOKED AT INCORPORATING WELL BUILDING STANDARD INTO GREEN BUILDING MATRIX, IT WASN'T SUCCESSFUL FOR DIFFERENT REASONS. COULD YOU MAYBE TALK ABOUT THAT? >> YEAH, SO CHICAGO IS AN INTERESTING CASE. AND NOT DISSIMILAR FROM TORONTO BECAUSE THEY ARE GREAT LEADERS IN SUSTAINABILITY. I THINK IN CHICAGO'S CASE, IT WAS REALLY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH THAT HAD DRIVEN PART OF THE EFFORT ALONGSIDE THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT. AND THEN THE CITY OF CHICAGO BEING A LEADER IN LEED CERTIFICATION, THAT ALSO INVOLVED AIA, AND BOMA AND ENTERPRISE GREEN COMMUNITY PARTNERS. AND SO IT WAS INTERESTING, I THINK THEY JUST WERE ABLE TO GET MORE STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED, AND ALSO THE MAYOR, EMANUEL, IS VERY INTERESTED IN ADVANCING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES AND THERE'S A THING CALLED HEALTHY 2.0, WHICH IS THE MAYOR'S PLAN TO ADDRESS HEALTH IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES AND THEIR DESIGN. SO IT WAS A LOT OF THOSE THINGS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE SUCCESS. AND THEY ARE STILL HAVING THAT DIALOGUE AND INCLUDING MORE PEOPLE NOW TO EXPAND ITS IMPACT. SO IT'S VERY EXCITING. >> WONDERFUL. WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE QUESTION. OKAY. >> HI. MAGGIE McELROY GBCI. IN TERMS OF ACCESS TO DISENFRANCHISED COMMUNITIES WHAT ITEMS ARE BEING DONE TO GET ACCESS TO WELL CERTIFICATION OR STEPS, SINCE THERE'S A LOT OF EXPENSE ASSOCIATED. >> A GREAT AND TIMELY QUESTION. ONE THING WE DID INTRODUCE ACTUALLY A COUPLE MONTHS AGO WAS A DISCOUNT FOR LOW INCOME, FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS, FOR GOVERNMENTS, FOR NON-PROFITS, œAND THAT'S 35% DISCOUNT FROM ITS MARKET RATE. SO KNOWING THAT, IT STILL CAN BE EXPENSIVE AND INFEASIBLE FOR SOME OF THOSE PROJECTS AND DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES, THAT'S WHERE I THINK THAT WE REALLY OPEN IT UP TO OTHER PARTNERS TO HELP US UNDERSTAND HOW TO BRIDGE THE GAP. AND SO WE ARE WANTING TO DRAW THOSE STRONGER CONNECTIONS TO HELP UNLOCK NEW FUNDING MECHANISMS, FOR UNDERPRIVILEGED COMMUNITIES, SO THAT'S SOMETHING THAT I THINK WE'RE VERY EARLY ON AND WE HAVE STARTED THE CONVERSATION BY INTRODUCING A DISCOUNT, BUT STILL IN TERMS OF FILLING THAT GAP WE'RE STILL TRYING TO FIGURE THAT OUT. >> PERFECT. LISA, DO YOU WANT TO HOLD YOUR QUESTION. >> IT'S JUST A POINT OF ORDER. IT'S NOT A QUESTION. I JUST WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THAT THOSE WHO ARE DISABLED, WHO HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO PESTICIDES OR SOMETHING, MAY SPEAK MORE SLOWLY OR BE MORE LONG WINDED, IT'S IMPORTANT FOR US TO BE 'EM TAMPA EMPATHETIC AND FINISH THEIR THOUGHT BECAUSE WE'RE NOT ALL 25 AND SOMETIMES WE'RE SLOW. >> WE HAVE FIVE SPEAKERS AND WE'RE TRYING TO MAKE SURE THE LAST SPEAKER HAS TIME. WE KNOW THEY GET SHORT CHANGED. ABSOLUTELY. WE WILL HAVE TIME AFTERWARDS FOR QUESTIONS. THANKS, DOMINICK. WE'RE GOING TO CHANGE A LITTLE BIT OF A PACE HERE BECAUSE THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES CAN BE BROAD, DIFFERENT FACETS, WE'VE GOT ALMOST-DR. BETH McGEE, WHO HAS DONE HER WORK ON BIOPHILIC DESIGN, THIS IS ANOTHER WAY TO THINK ABOUT POTENTIAL LINKAGES BETWEEN THE EXTERIOR ENVIRONMENT INITIATVES AND BUILDING LEVEL INITIATIVES. >> PERFECT INTRO. YEAH, I'M WITHIN A WEEK OR SO OF GETTING MY DEGREE SO I'M IN THE MIDDLE. THIS IS I THINK THE FIRST PUBLIC EXHIBITION OF THIS WORK THAT I'VE BEEN WORKING ON. VERY EXCITED TO SHARE IT ALL WITH YOU. TITLE OF THIS IS SUPPORTING BIOPHILIA IN THE INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT, I'M AN INTERIOR ARCHITECT AND DESIGNER BY TRAINING. HEATHER SAID WHERE CAN WE MAKE THE MOST IMPACT, THAT'S THE INTERIOR. THAT'S MY OWN PERSONAL VIEW AS WELL. SO THIS IS WHERE MY FOCUS HAS BEEN ON LOOKING AT BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN THE INTERIOR. SO, I'D LIKE TO START WITH THIS QUOTE BY RICK, NATURE INSPIRES INSPIRES OUR ARCHITECTURE, NOT JUST HOW IT LOOKS BUT HOW BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES ACTUALLY FUNCTION, WE'LL HAVE MADE GREAT STRADS INTO SOCIETY. BIOPHILIC DESIGN PROVIDES US WITH A TREMENDOUS INSIGHT INTO THE WHY AND BUILDS US A ROAD MAP FOR WHAT IS SURE TO BE THE NEXT GREAT DESIGN JOURNEY OF OUR TIME. I ACTUALLY THINK THE ROAD MAP IS REALLY NOT WELL LAID OUT YET, SO I'VE BEEN TRYING TO ADDRESS THAT ISSUE MYSELF IN MY RESEARCH. SO A LITTLE HISTORY, AND THEN A LITTLE BIT WHAT I'M GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT, JUST TO CATCH YOU UP, IF YOU HAVEN'T BEEN FAMILIAR WITH BIOPHILIC DESIGN. OF COURSE IT'S BASED ON BIOPHILIA, NEED FOR US TO COMMUNE WITH NATURE, THAT'S BEING APPLIED TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THAT WAS ORIGINALLY PROPOSED BY STEPHEN KELLERT AROUND 2008, ACTUALLY EARLIER BUT PROMOTED IN 2008 IN A BOOK THEY PRODUCED. LATER I USED HIS LIST OF ATTRIBUTES HE ORIGINALLY CREATED, ABOUT 74 FEATURES, AND TRIED TO FOR THE FIRST TIME BRING THAT TO THE INTERIOR, USING 66 TO SEE IF THOSE WERE BEING USED IN THE INTERIOR. HOSPITAL PLAY ROOMS, 24 CASE STUDIES, ALMOST ALL WERE BEING USED TO A VARIOUS DEGREE, THEY WERE PRESENT IN THE BIOPHILIC DESIGN MATRIX I CREATED, IT WAS ACTUALLY ONE OF THE FIRST ATTEMPTS AT THIS. AND IT WAS PRETTY RELIABLE WHEN WE DID TESTING, SO FROM THAT GAVE ME THE IMPETUS TO KEEP GOING AND TO DEVELOP IT MORE. GOING BACK TO GET MY DISSERTATION I'VE BEEN WORKING ON THAT EVEN FURTHER. AND REALLY WENT BACK TO THE BEGINNING, WENT BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD TO REEVALUATE ALL OF HIS ORIGINAL FEATURES, MAKE SURE THIS WAS A BROAD APPLICATION FOR ANY TYPE OF COMMERCIAL MOSTLY ENVIRONMENT, IS WHAT I'VE BEEN LOOKING AT, NOT JUST HEALTH CARE SPACES. AND THROUGH A SERIES OF TESTING WHICH I'LL TALK ABOUT WE UPDATED THAT TO 54 ATTRIBUTES, DESIGN ATTRIBUTES, THAT CAN BE USED. AND THIS PROCESS I'M ALSO TRYING TO LINK RESEARCH, ADDING TOOLS FOR DESIGNERS, USING INTERIOR DESIGN STUDENTS AND PRACTITIONERS AND VOICES IN THE PROCESS, AND ALSO DEVELOPING COLOR AND LIGHT AS A TOPIC IN IT. SO, WHAT I'M CALLING THIS NOW IS BIOPHILIC INTERIOR DESIGN BECAUSE IT'S A MORE FOCUSED APPROACH. STILL USING SIX MAIN CATEGORIES, WHICH KELLERT CALLED ELEMENTS. ONE I HAVE TWEAKED THE NAME, JUST LITERALLY FINISHED UPDATING IT SO IT'S EVEN NEW, IT'S NOT ON THE SLIDES. ELEMENT 1 ACTUAL NATURAL FEATURES, ONES EVERYBODY THINKS ABOUT, SO THIS IS LIKE THE PLANTS. OKAY, WE HAVE BIOPHILIC DESIGN, EVERYONE SAYS BRING IN THE PLANTS. THERE'S MORE TO THAT. THERE'S NINE FEATURES IN THAT ONE. NATURAL SHAPES AND FORMS, ABOUT THE SHAPES AND FORMS OF NATURE. A PICTURE OF A FLOWER, FOR EXAMPLE. ELEMENT 3 IS NATURAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES, THINGS LIKE FRACTAL DESIGN, YOU MIGHT HEAR IT'S BEEN IN THE NEWS ALSO. THEN ELEMENT 4 IS NOW CALLED LIGHT AND COLOR. THAT IS BECAUSE IT WAS ORIGINALLY LIGHT AND SPACE, AND I WAS GOING TO CHANGE IT TO COLOR AND SPACE, JUST RECENTLY UPDATED IT TO LIGHT AND COLOR BECAUSE OF THIS ADDITION OF MARGARET'S COLOR PLANNING FRAMEWORK I ADOPTED AND ADAPTED TO INCREASE OUR COLOR, LIGHT AND MATERIALITY PRESENCE, BECAUSE THIS IS AN INTERIOR DESIGN FOCUS, IT WASN'T AS PROMINENT IN THE ORIGINAL LIST OF FEATURES SO THAT'S BEEN A HUGE ADOPTION, AND IT WAS ACTUALLY SOMETHING THAT WHEN I WAS GETTING FEEDBACK WAS REALLY KIND OF A USEFUL TOOL I THINK THAT WAS MISSING BEFORE. ELEMENT 5 IS PLACE-BASED, THIS IS THE IDEA OF CONNECTING WITH THE COMMUNITY, LOOKING AT THE LOCAL GEOGRAPHY, LOOKING AT A SENSE OF PLACE, AND AGAIN ROOTING IT IN GEOGRAPHY. LAST IS HUMAN NATURE RELATIONSHIPS, DUAL THINGS LIKE PROSPECT AND REFUGE IS A COMMON THING. THE DEVELOPMENT WAS A TWO-PHASE PROCESS, THE DEVELOPMENT AND THEN SOME TESTING. DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN PHASE 1 DID RESULT IN 54 FEATURES, THROUGH A SERIES OF COGNITIVE TESTS WITH PRACTITIONERS AND THEY ASSESSED A SPACE AND I WAS ABLE TO SCORE THAT ACCORDINGLY THROUGH THAT THE NAMES AND DEFINITIONS, DEFINITELY CLARIFYING, A KEY FINDING WAS ALTHOUGH KELERT WAS AN AMAZING MIND AND BRILLIANT RESEARCHER, I THINK A LOT OF US WHO ARE RESEARCHERS USE LANGUAGE THAT'S NOT ALWAYS EASILY APPLICABLE FOR THE COMMON PERSON, WE'LL SAY. SO TRYING TO MAKE THAT LANGUAGE MORE USEFUL, USER FRIENDLY FOR ANYBODY, AND ANY LEVEL, WAS ONE OF THE THINGS I WORKED ON. THAT WAS PART OF THE REASON WHY I DID STUDENTS TO PRACTITIONERS, SO ANYBODY BEGINNING THE PRACTICE OF DESIGN, ALL THE WAY THROUGH REALLY ADVANCED LIKE 25, 30-YEAR EXPERIENCE PRACTITIONERS, I WAS ALLOWED TO TEST. THIS REALLY HELPED TO DEVELOP THAT. THROUGH THIS THE VALIDITY HAS IMPROVED, MORE USER FRIENDLY WHICH IS A BONUS, PHASE 2 WAS A SURVEY OF PRACTITIONERS, A SEPARATE SURVEY OF STUDENTS USING TOOL IN A STUDIO PROJECT. SO I GOT TWO DIFFERENT DATASETS, OUT OF THAT THERE'S MORE CLARITY IN WHAT I CALL THE BIOPHILIC INTERIOR DESIGN MATRIX, A LITTLE BIT OF A CHANGE IN NOMENCLATURE FROM THE ORIGINAL ONE THAT I RELEASED IN THE JOURNAL A FEW YEARS AGO. THE RELIABILITY WAS GOOD, SEEN AS USEFUL IN ALL DESIGN SPACES, A NEW FINDING BECAUSE I NEVER TESTED IN THE ACTUAL DESIGN PROCESS BEFORE. SO THE STUDENTS BEING ABLE TO USE IT IN THE DESIGN PROCESS WAS REALLY EXCITING. THEY WERE ABLE TO BE ENGAGED WITH THE MATRIX THROUGHOUT. AND WE DID A KIND OF SEMI CONTROLLED STUDY WHERE HALF OF THEM DID NOT HAVE IT, HALF OF THEM DID. AND WE'RE ABLE TO COMPARE AND GET THEIR FEEDBACK. THE ONES THAT DID HAVE IT WERE REALLY MORE -- STUDENTS THOUGHT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT AND THEY ACTUALLY THEIR CONFIDENCE IN THEIR KNOWLEDGE INCREASED AFTER THEY USED IT. LIKE I SAID, THE PRACTITIONERS ALSO THINK BIOPHILIA IS IMPORTANT BUT THEIR USE AND CONFIDENCE WAS KIND OF MODERATE. SO THE STUDENTS ACTUALLY EVEN AT THE BEGINNING KIND OF THOUGHT IT WAS MORE IMPORTANT BUT THE PRACTITIONERS DEFINITELY AS THEY USED IT -- I MEAN PRACTITIONERS HAVEN'T BEEN USING IT, HOPEFULLY AS THEY ADOPT THE BIDM, HOPEFULLY THEY WILL INCREASE CONFIDENCE. A COUPLE QUOTES IN THE STUDY, THIS COULD BE A GREAT CHECK LIST TO SHARE WITH CLIENTS AS PART OF A DESIGN PROCESS. SO AGAIN USING THE USER FRIENDLY LANGUAGE TO COMMUNICATE YOUR ART DESIGN INTENTIONS TO THE CLIENT, I THINK THAT'S A KEY FINDING. A KEY INTENT ALSO. HAVING A SYSTEM OF DEFINED VOCABULARY IS HELPFUL, AN IMPORTANT THING THAT WAS ONE OF MY GOALS. THE TOOL KIT HAS A BUNCH OF PARTS, IT'S AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE NOW, AND WE'LL GET TO THAT. BUT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT CAME OUT OF IT WAS A CHECKLIST. THEY SAID WE WANT A QUICK FAST WAY, ONCE WE UNDERSTAND ALL THE DEFINITIONS, WE'LL INTERNALIZE THEM, WE WANT TO GO THROUGH IT. THIS IS THE MASTER LIST RIGHT NOW. THEY ARE CATEGORIES LIKE YOU SEE WITH THE SIX CATEGORIES, BUT THIS IS KIND OF THE -- I DON'T WANT TO SAY DUMMY SHEET BUT THE CHECKLIST, NOT LIKE LEED, IT'S MEANT TO BE A REFERENCE AND IT'S A DESIGN GUIDE. IT'S NOT A YOU HAVE TO GET ALL OF THESE TO BE BIOPHILIC, IT'S NOT YOU HAVE TO DO WELL IN A CERTAIN CATEGORY TO BE BIOPHILIC. THIS IS ACTUALLY A DESIGNER'S TOOL KIT WHERE THEY HAVE COMPLETE CONTROL, YOU'RE GOING TO USE YOUR OWN MIND TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S APPROPRIATE FOR THE CULTURE, FOR THE CLIENT, FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, YOU KNOW, THAT SORT OF THING. SO REGARDING EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN, MY GOAL IS TO LINK EVIDENCE WITH ATTRIBUTES TO HELP DESIGNERS AND HELP CLIENTS UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN REALLY USE THESE ATTRIBUTES AS WELL AS APPROPRIATE EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDIES. I WANT TO LINK CASE STUDIES AND IMAGES AND PICTURES AND EVERYTHING FOR DESIGNERS, SO THE QUICK ONE-STOP REFERENCE, SO EACH OF THESE ON THE WEBSITE HAS THE NAME, DEFINITION, EXAMPLES, AND RESEARCH AS I'M FINDING IT SO THAT'S ONE THING I'M HOPING TO GET ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR, PARTNERS WITH, OTHER PEOPLE DOING RESEARCH, TONS OF RESEARCH OUT THERE, LITERALLY HAVEN'T HAD THE TIME TO GET TO IT BUT THE GOAL FOR THE FUTURE WOULD BE REALLY HELPFUL I THINK. SO OVERALL JUST HIGHLIGHTS. YEAH, PEOPLE DO -- AT LEAST INTERIOR DESIGNERS ARE SEEING THAT BIOPHILIC DESIGN IS IMPORTANT, WHICH IS AN EXCITING THING. IT'S BEEN AN INTERESTING OUTCOME THAT PEOPLE NOW WITH IT BEING A DESIGN TOOL, NOT JUST A POST-ASSESSMENT TOOL WHICH IT ORIGINALLY WAS, FINDING IT CAN INCREASE CREATIVITY. THEY ARE VERY OPEN TO, YOU KNOW, CREATING THESE UNIQUE DESIGN SOLUTIONS, IT'S NOT JUST A MANDATED SOLUTION. ALSO, BEING ABLE TO GUIDE THEIR DESIGN DECISIONS THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS NEEDED. ADDITIONAL LABOR IS NEEDED TO HELP LINK SOME OF THE RESEARCH THAT'S ALREADY THERE. THERE'S TONS OF RESEARCH THERE ALREADY, EVEN, BUT A LOT OF THESE ARE SO SPECIFIC NOW THEY HAVE EVEN BEEN IN THE RADAR OF PEOPLE. THIS IS OUR ABILITY NOW TO KIND OF LOOK AT THIS LIST AND REASSESS AS RESEARCHERS, MAYBE TO GET IDEAS HOW WE CAN HELP TO SUPPORT SOME DESIGN DECISIONS. THE NICE THING ABOUT THIS IS I BELIEVE IT REALLY IS A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HELPING PEOPLE WITH LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE AND WELL, THOSE TWO SPECIFICALLY BECAUSE THEY HAVE BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN THEIR CORE STRUCTURE AND THEY BOTH REFERENCE KELLERT'S ORIGINAL LIST. THIS IS BEING BASED ON THAT HELPS CREATE THIS BRIDGE OF FAMILIAR USER FRIENDLY LANGUAGE THAT MAYBE WE HAVEN'T HAD, AND AS WELL AS THE TACTICS THAT NOW ARE AVAILABLE, THOSE EXAMPLES OF HOW WE CAN ACHIEVE THOSE. SO RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN WAS ORIGINALLY PROPOSED BY KELLERT, THE IDEA WE'VE BEEN WORKING ON SUSTAINABILITY AND REALLY MISSING THIS IDEA OF BIOPHILIA, SO CONNECTING WITH SUSTAINABILITY IS WHAT RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IS ABOUT. I DIAGRAMMED THIS TO SHOW EVERYBODY QUICKLY THE IDEA THAT WE MIGHT BE WORKING IN A LITTLE BIT OF A SILO BUT WE DO ALL NEED TO COME TOGETHER AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TABLE SORT OF LIKE THE BIM MODEL HAS BEEN, TRYING TO TALK ABOUT HOW WE'RE EACH CONTRIBUTING TO THIS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESS. I THINK IF WE'RE ADDING RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE TO THE FEATURES, TO THE DESIGN PROCESS, THAT WILL UP HAD US BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE TO STAKEHOLDERS, THAT WAS ONE OF THE COMMENTS FROM PRACTITIONERS, THIS IS GREAT, SIMILAR TO THE QUOTE, NOW I HAVE THIS LANGUAGE, I CAN TALK ABOUT THESE THINGS MORE IMPLICITLY AND EXPLICITLY BASED ON WHAT THE NEEDS ARE OF THE PROJECT. MY GOAL HOPEFULLY WITH ALL OF THESE TO HELP YOU KIND OF SPREAD THE WORD OF HOW WE CAN -- WHAT'S REALLY NEEDED STILL, HOW WE CAN CONNECT THIS TO EXISTING PROJECTS IN THE FUTURE AND OTHER RESEARCH, EVERYBODY KIND OF CONTRIBUTING, HOW THIS CAN MAYBE HELP BUILD RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FOR THE HEALTH OF OUR PLANET. THIS IS THE WEBSITE. >> GREAT. THANK YOU. TIME FOR A COUPLE QUESTIONS. OTHER SPEAKERS ARE ABLE TO ASK QUESTIONS AS WELL. WONDERFUL. I FINISHED ON THAT SIDE OF THE ROOM. LET'S START ON THIS SIDE OF THE ROOM. >> THANKS FOR THE PRESENTATION. QUICK QUESTION ABOUT DOSE AND RESPONSE WITH BIOPHILIC DESIGN. I DON'T KNOW A LOT. IS THERE A DOSE-RESPONSE? >> YOU SAID RESPONSE? >> LIKE DOSE-RESPONSE, IS THERE A THRESHOLD TO A POINT THERE'S TOO LITTLE OR TOO MUCH? >> BECAUSE IT'S SO NASCENT, WE DON'T HAVE THAT YET. MY GOAL IS MAYBE TO CONTINUE TESTING THAT, TO SEE IF THERE A MINIMUM OR MAXIMUM, IF YOU DO THIS AS A POST-ASSESSMENT OCCUPANCY EVALUATION FOR EACH OF THEM THERE'S A RANGE YOU CAN SCORE YOUR SPACE. SO YOU GET A SCORE AT THE END OF IT BUT RIGHT NOW BECAUSE I HAVE ONLY TESTED A FEW SPACES I DON'T HAVE THAT DATA. BUT IN THE FUTURE THERE DEFINITELY COULD BE. THIS LINKS TO MY PREVIOUS RESEARCH I DID WITH COLLEAGUES OUT OF BRYANT UNIVERSITY, WITH CHILD LIFE SPECIALIST THAT I HAD. I BASICALLY HAD PICTURES FROM MY THESIS THAT WE USED IN THAT STUDY OF PLAY ROOMS, WE HAD THEM ASSESS THEM. THE MORE VARIETY, WERE THE PLAY ROOMS THEY PREFERRED AS WELL. MORE BIOPHILIC VARIETY REALLY DID LEAD TO -- THE PERCEIVED PRESENCE OF BETTER PLAY ROOM, SO I THINK THAT IS OUR INNATE NEED, LIKE BIOPHILIC DESIGN IS, THAT THE MORE VARIETY WE HAVE, IT'S JUST LIKE NATURE IS SUCH A VARIED ENVIRONMENT, SO WHEN YOU'RE ABLE TO KIND OF BUILD UP MORE OF THESE FEATURES, IN A THOUGHTFUL WELL-DESIGNED WAY, YOU CAN'T JUST THROW OUT LIKE ALL OF THEM AND THEY ARE GOOD. IT HAS TO BE DESIGNED REALLY WELL. THAT'S THE IMPORTANT PART, THE DESIGNER-DRIVEN PART OF IT. SO, YEAH, HOPEFULLY IN THE FUTURE. >> ONE QUICK QUESTION. I CAN TALK TO YOU AFTER ABOUT THAT BUT THAT ALSO HAS TO DO WITH THE RESEARCH PERCEPTION, NATURE IS DIFFERENT, WE'RE NOT WIDGETS, YOU GET, YOU KNOW, ADD NATURE PLUS PERSON EQUALS OUTCOME. NATURE IS SYMBOLIC WITH CULTURAL VALUES. WHEN YOU HEAR DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL YOU SHOULD BE CAUTIOUS BECAUSE HUMANS DON'T WORK LIKE THAT. >> IT'S VERY INDIVIDUAL. THAT'S OTHER THING I WANT TO TELL EVERYBODY. IT'S NOT A A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL. >> I WAS CURIOUS IF THERE'S A RANKING OR PRIORITIZATION SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT ELEMENTS IN THE CHECKLIST, ONE OR TWO, IF YOU COULD ONLY DO ONE OR TWO, PRIORITIZE. >> GOOD QUESTION. THAT'S WHY I'M LINKING EVIDENCE SO YOU AS DESIGNER OR STAKEHOLDER CAN LOOK AT EVIDENCE AND DO YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT BECAUSE I FEEL LIKE THERE ISN'T A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL RANKING BUT I WILL SAY IN GENERAL THE FIRST CATEGORY OF ACTUAL NATURAL FEATURES, IF YOU CAN GET THOSE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT THEY HAVE THE MOST EVIDENCE AND BY FAR HAVE THE MOST DIRECT IMPACT. SO IF YOU HAVE ACTUAL PLANTS, ACTUAL LIVING RUNNING WATER, FRESH AIR, ALL THOSE THINGS WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT, I THINK THOSE ARE THE IMMEDIATE ONES. BUT A LOT OF TIMES WE CAN'T HAVE THEM FOR CERTAIN REASONS, HEALTHCARE SETTING, INFECTIONS, THINGS LIKE THAT, SO WE NEED INDIRECT, REPRESENTATION OF NATURE, THINK ABOUT HOW WE TALK ABOUT THE CULTURE. >> WONDERFUL. THANK YOU. AND OUR LAST SPEAKER, LAST BUT NOT LEAST, IS WITH RICHING MACCLAREN, SHE'S AT THE END, THE BROADEST, HOPEFULLY TIEING THE PIECES TOGETHER. >> A TALL ORDER. I WORK AT THE URBAN LAND INSTITUTE, I'M DELIGHTED TO BE HERE TODAY. ULI IS A RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NON-PROFIT, THAT IS FOCUSED ON PROMOTING BEST PRACTICES AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE. WE WORK THROUGH OUR 40,000 MEMBERS WHO ARE ALL REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONALS, DESIGNERS, PUBLIC OFFICIAL ALSO, OTHER FOLKS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN LAND USE. AND WE PROVIDE THEM WITH RESEARCH AND CONVENING AND RESEARCH AND OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN. FIVE YEARS AGO ULI LAUNCHED BUILDING HEALTHY PLACES INITIATIVE, THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY CAN DO MORE TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS THROUGH THEIR PROJECTS. THE INITIATIVE IS WORKING TO LEVERAGE POWER OF ULI'S GLOBAL NETWORKS TO SHAPE PROJECTS AND PLACES IN WAYS TO IMPROVE HEALTH OF PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES. WE SEE MEMBERS AND LAND USE PROFESSIONALS AS WORKING IN THREE SPHERES. THEY CAN PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS THROUGH THEIR LEADERSHIP OF THEIR COMPANIES, THROUGH THEIR PROJECT AND INVESTMENT DECISIONS, AND IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. SO NO HUMAN BEING ONLY WEARS ONE HAT. REALLY THINKING ACROSS LEVEL ALSO, AND OPPORTUNITIES TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS. WE'VE DONE A LOT OF RESEARCH, AND HAVE A LOT OF PUBLICATIONS AND ACTIVITIES AND I ENCOURAGE YOU TO CHECK THEM OUT AT ULI. ORG/HEALTH. WE'LL PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR, WHAT THEY WANT, WHAT THEY WILL PAY FOR. AND OUR RESEARCH SHOALS THAT PEOPLE ARE -- THERE'S A LOT OF DEMAND FOR HEALTHY PLACES OUT THERE BUT THAT THERE'S NOT ENOUGH SUPPLY. SO WHEN YOU ASK PEOPLE, WELL, TELL US THEY WANT TO LIVE IN PLACES WHERE THEY DON'T HAVE TO DRIVE VERY OFTEN, THERE'S TRANSIT, IT'S SAFE AND EASY TO BIKE AND TO WALK, BUT PEOPLE ALSO REPORT THAT THEIR COMMUNITIES DON'T MAKE THOSE KINDS OF HEALTHY BEHAVIORS EASY. 25% OF THE COUNTRY SAYS TRAFFIC MAKES IT UNSAFE TO WALK IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. 48, NEARLY HALF OF THE COUNTRY, SAYS THAT BIKE LANES ARE INSUFFICIENT. 38% DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO OUTDOOR PARKS AND RECREATION SPACES. 16%, 16% DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO FRESH AND HEALTHY FOOD. ONE OF THE MOST BASIC INGREDIENTS OF HEALTHY LIVING. AND THESE ARE, YOU KNOW, SORT OF GENERAL AVERAGES. AND WHAT WE FIND IS OTHER RESEARCH SHOWS THAT LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR TEND TO HAVE THE LEAST ACCESS TO HEALTHY PLACES. SO, FOR NOW, AT LEAST, THE COUNTRY JUST ISN'T REALLY VERY GOOD AT PROMOTING HEALTH AND WELLNESS. AND I THINK THIS PANEL IS LOOKING AT THE DIFFERENT KIND OF SCALES THAT HEALTH AND WELLNESS HAPPENS AT. I THINK IT'S HELPFUL TO THINK IN A VARIETY OF SCALES, AND ALL PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS WILL NEED TO OPERATE ACROSS A VARIETY OF SCALES, PEOPLE SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIMES IN BUILDING BUT BUILDINGS ARE NESTLED IN NEIGHBORHOODS. NEIGHBORHOODS ARE LOCATED IN CITIES THAT INFLUENCE JOB OPPORTUNITIES, AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES. CITIES ARE PART OF REGIONS, THAT ARE PART OF COUNTRIES, PART OF THE WORLD. EACH OF THOSE SCALES, WHETHER CLIMATE CHANGE, OPPORTUNITIES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD, THEY ALL IMPACT AN INDIVIDUAL'S ABILITY TO BE HEALTHY. AS WE'VE TALKED ABOUT TODAY, YOU KNOW, THE BUILDING TRADES HAVE LONG HAD A FOCUS ON REALLY PROTECTING HEALTH AND SAFETY. PROTECTING PEOPLE'S LIVES, MAKING SURE THERE AREN'T HAZARDS THAT CAN BE AVOIDED. WHAT WE'RE SEEING NOW IN THE INDUSTRY IS A SHIFT, WHERE THE BUILDING TRADES, ARCHITECTURE AND DEVELOPMENT, WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP PEOPLE BE HEALTHIERE PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS AND MEET DEMAND FOR HEALTHIER PLACES AND BUILDINGS. THAT EFFORT WILL TAKE THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS WORKING TOGETHER. NEARLY ALL REAL ESTATE IS PRIVATELY HELD, AND SO THE PRIVATE SECTOR REALLY NEEDS TO BE PART OF ANY LARGER PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS IN COMMUNITIES. SO THIS IS AN EXCITING TIME TO SEE THE RISE OF CERTIFICATIONS, FITWEL WAS HERE, AND WELL, AND CERTIFIED HEALTHY OUT OF COLORADO, RESPONDING TO DEMANDS IN THE INDUSTRY, MAKING IT EASIER TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELLNESS IN THEIR BUILDINGS AND MAKING HEALTH AND WELLNESS AS CORE TO REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT AS SUSTAINABILITY AS BEEN FOR THE PAST FEW DECADES. AND WE SEE THAT HAPPENING ACROSS A NUMBER OF REALMS. WE TALKED ABOUT ENERGY AND CONNECTION BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION, CLIMATE CHANGE IN HEALTH. I WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT ONE AREA THAT WE'VE DONE SOME WORK IN AROUND ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION, AND BIKING AND WALKING. AND THIS IS JUST ONE SORT OF SPHERE WHERE YOU CAN SEE WHERE PUBLIC HEALTH -- PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND CITY INVESTMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE THAT PROMOTES HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY NEEDS TO BE COMPLEMENTED BY PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR CHOICES IN ORDER FOR THEM TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE. YOU THINK ABOUT A BIKE TRAIL, PEOPLE AREN'T GOING TO USE THAT BIKE TRAIL IF THERE'S NO PLACE FOR THEM TO PARK THEIR BIKES WHEN THEY GET THERE, TAKE A SHOWER IF THEY NEED TO, AND THAT ALL HAPPENS WITHIN THE BUILDINGS. SO WE'LL TALK ABOUT A COUPLE EXAMPLES WHERE THE PRIVATE SECTOR HAS REALLY GONE ABOVE AND BEYOND TO BE IN THE MIX WHEN IT COMES TO ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION. SO MINNEAPOLIS HAS BEEN VERY ASSERTIVE IN INVESTING IN BIKING AND WALKING. MIDTOWN GREENWAY IS AN EXAMPLE OF THAT. IT'S A HIGH SPEED BIKE SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS SOUTH MINNEAPOLIS TO THE DOWNTOWN. IT'S KNOWN AS A BICYCLE FREEWAY, BECAUSE THERE'S ACTUALLY TWO SEPARATED BIKE PATHS, IN EACH DIRECTION OF TRAVEL. WHICH IS A BEST PRACTICE, ALONG WITH A SEPARATED PEDESTRIAN PATH SO YOU CAN AVOID THE PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLIST CONFLICTS. AND IT'S REALLY LED TO AN EXPLOSION OF DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE CORRIDOR. WHEN IT COMES TO ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION, WHEN WE LOOKED AT THIS REPORT, WE SAW ACROSS THE COUNTRY THERE'S KIND OF A NEW KIND OF T-O-D, TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AND WE'RE SEEING TRAIL ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT. MID-TOWN GREENWAY IS AN EXAMPLE. THERE'S BEEN A NUMBER OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS THAT HAVE SPRUNG UP ALONG THE GREENWAY, PROPERTY VALUES HAVE INCREASED OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS, THE MARKET IS RESPONDING TO THIS NEW TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE. MOSAIC IS AN INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY THAT'S LOCATED ADJACENT TO THE GREENWAY BUT DIDN'T ACTUALLY HAVE ACCESS SO THE DEVELOPER CONTRIBUTED FUNDING TO BUILD A BIKE AND PEDESTRIAN RAMP, IT WAS A $370,000 FACILITY, DEVELOPER CONTRIBUTED A THIRD OF THAT. IT ALSO HAS BICYCLE STORAGE, LOCKER ROOMS, WITH SHOWERS, AND THE PROXIMITY TO THE GREENWAY HAS BEEN A KEY PART OF THEIR SORT OF MARKETING AND POSITIONING STRATEGICALLY. ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS INDIANAPOLIS, HAS BUILT THE INDIANAPOLIS CULTURAL TRAIL, $63 MILLION EIGHT-MILE TRAIL. IT DOESN'T CONNECT DOWNTOWN WITH SUBURBS, IT'S MORE OF A DOWNTOWN CIRCULAR PATH THAT CONNECTS CULTURAL DISTRICTS IN THE CITY, PUBLIC ART AMENITIES, LED TO AN EXPLOSION OF BIKING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CITY. WHEN IT FIRST STARTED THERE WASN'T BIKE SHARE SYSTEMS, SO THE HOTELS HAD TO PROVIDE IT. THEY HAD THEIR AD HOC BIKE SHARE THAT PEOPLE COULD CHECK OUT. AND NOW THERE'S A CITY-RUN BIKE SHARE SYSTEM, THE CITY ESTIMATES THAT A MILLION PEOPLE USE THE EMISSION CULTURAL TRAIL EACH YEAR, AND IT HAS ALSO LED TO AN EXPLOSION OF GROWTH WHERE PROJECTS ARE LOCATING CLOSE TO THE TRAIL, ADJACENT TO IT, AND MANY NEW PROJECTS ARE COMING ONLINE. AND CIRCA IS ONE OF THOSE, IT'S A MULTI-FAMILY APARTMENT BUILDING, THAT IS CLOSE TO THE TRAIL, IT'S GOT 250 UNITS, PROXIMITY TO THE TRAIL IS A KEY PART OF THE AMENITY PACKAGE THAT IT OFFERS. IT'S GOT BIKE SHARE, A MAKER'S ROOM, BIKE STORAGE, THE LOCATION CLOSE TO THE TRAIL IS A KEY ASPECT OF HOW THEY TALK ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT. HERE'S THE BIKE STORAGE. IT'S GOT STORAGE FOR 150 BICYCLES, WHICH REPLACES ABOUT EIGHT CARS ACTUALLY, SO YOU CAN FIT A LOT OF MOBILITY INTO A SMALL SPACE. IT'S GOT A WASH ROOM AND STORAGE. SO THESE ARE A COUPLE EXAMPLES HOW THE PRIVATE SECTOR IS IN THE MIX, IN HELPING TO COMPLEMENT THESE VERY SIGNIFICANT CIVIC INVESTMENTS, IN ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE. I THINK THIS COUNTRY HAS A LONG WAY TO GO TO CREATE A VERY SEAMLESS PATHWAY FOR ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION AND BIKING AND WALKING. THERE'S TOO MANY PLACES WHERE THE SIDEWALK ENDS, WHERE THERE'S SORT OF WEAK LINKS IN THE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAN HELP FILL IN THOSE GAPS BY PROVIDING PLACES TO STORE BIKES, TWEAKING THE DESIGN SO IT'S EASIER TO GET BIKES IN AND OUT OF BUILDINGS. WE'RE EVEN SEEK BIKE VALET PARKING, LIKE IF YOU'RE IN A CAR YOU COULD BIKE YOUR BIKE UP, SOMEBODY WILL TAKE IT AND PARK IT FOR YOU. THESE KINDS OF STRATEGIES ARE HELPING TO MAKE BIKING AND ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION MORE PREVALENT AND CONVENIENT AND BUILD THE BIKE CULTURE IN THIS COUNTRY. BUT IT'S GOING TO TAKE MORE WORK. I THINK WHEN IT COMES TO ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION, WE SEE THIS WITH FOOD AND CREATIVE PLACE MAKING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND OTHER STRATEGIES, WHAT IT WILL TAKE IS MORE PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR TO REALLY KIND OF TAKE THINGS TO THE NEXT LEVEL. MORE UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT THE ACTUAL COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ARE, WE HEARD ABOUT THAT A LITTLE BIT, FORGING STRATEGIES THAT ARE REALLY ADDRESSING THE HEALTH CHALLENGES AND COMMUNITIES, PRIORITIZING INVESTMENTS AND PLACES THAT ARE THE LEAST HEALTHY, AND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE WORK TO MEASURE HEALTH OUTCOMES, ESPECIALLY WITHIN BUILDING ENVELOPES, THERE'S A LOT OF EVIDENCE AT THE PUBLIC SCALE OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS, BUT WE NEED TO BUILD THE EVIDENCE BASE WHAT MATTERS FOR HEALTH, WHAT CHANGES BEHAVIOR AND OUTCOMES AND PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE BUILDING, I SEE THAT AS A REALLY AREA FOR INNOVATION AND OPPORTUNITY. WHAT WE KNOW THOUGH WITHOUT HAVING TO DO THE RESEARCH IS THAT PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE HEALTHY IN PLACES THAT PUT THEIR NEEDS FIRST, THESE ARE NOT PEOPLE IN CARS, SO PEOPLE AS HUMAN BEINGS WALKING AROUND, USING BIKES, GETTING WHAT THEY NEED. AND COMMUNITIES ARE MORE LIKELY TO THRIVE IF THEY PUT THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE FIRST, SO PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO COME BACK, SPEND MONEY, ENGAGE, BE ACTIVE. AND THAT IN TURN LEADS TO MORE SUCCESSFUL PLACES. YOU CAN BE IN TOUCH WITH ME BY E-MAILING ME, HEALTH@ULI.ORG, AND I LOOK FORWARD TO DISCUSSION. DO WE HAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS? [APPLAUSE] >> YEAH, LET'S MOVE RIGHT TO GENERAL QUESTIONS, WE'RE RUNNING BEHIND BECAUSE OF SO MANY WONDERFUL QUESTIONS PEOPLE HAVE. DO YOU HAVE THE CLICKER? DO YOU MIND MOVING THE -- YEP, AND THEN WE'RE GOING TO MOVE TO THE QUESTION SLIDE. LET'S SEE IF THERE'S -- >> OH, I TURNED IT OFF. >> OKAY. WELL, THAT'S FINE. ANY QUESTIONS? ALSO NOW WOULD BE A GREAT TIME, WE'RE RUNNING SHORT ON TIME, IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS, WHAT ARE SOME GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES YOU SEE FROM THE SPEAKERS TODAY FOR MOVING FORWARD, WHO IS NOT AT THE TABLE THAT YOU THINK WOULD NEED TO BE AT THE TABLE TO MAKE THESE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BUILDING LEVEL INITIATIVES AND COMMUNITY LEVEL INITIATIVES, SPECIFIC QUESTIONS YOU DIDN'T GET A CHANCE TO ANSWER FOR THE PANEL AND WAYS YOU'D LIKE TO SEE US TALK ABOUT MOVING FORWARD. FIRST QUESTION. >> HELLO. THANK YOU. MY NAME IS JENNIFER ROBERTS, I'M AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND IN COLLEGE PARK. ACTUALLY MY QUESTION IS FOR YOU, RACHEL. I DO A LOT OF RESEARCH, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION. I WAS JUST CURIOUS, IT SOUNDS VERY EXCITING BUT I'M ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT SOME OF THE UNFORESEEN SIDE EFFECTS SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION INDUCED GENTRIFICATION, WHAT KIND OF MEASURES ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT TO PRESERVE DIVERSITY IN COMMUNITIES SO PEOPLE WHO ARE THERE CAN REAP BENEFITS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION WHEN YOU HAVE NEW TRAILS OR LIGHT RAILS COMING IN, ARE THERE ANY MEASURES OR THINGS YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT TO REMEDY THAT? >> YEAH, RIGHT. ACROSS THE COUNTRY THERE'S JUSTIFIED CONCERN, YOU MAKE INVESTMENT, WHETHER IT'S PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, AND THAT LEADS TO THEN RISING RENTS AND DISPLACEMENT. DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES -- I WOULD SAY NOBODY HAS THE PERFECT SOLUTION TO THIS. IN D.C. IN PARTICULAR I THINK THERE NEEDS TO BE MORE EMPHASIS AND SPEEDING UP OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND OTHER STRATEGIES. THERE'S WAYS TO ADDRESS GENTRIFICATION PRESSURE THROUGH TAX POLICIES, THERE'S WAYS TO -- ANYWAY, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT THINGS. I'M SORRY. I JUST BLANKED. AND WE ARE ACTUALLY WORKING ON A TOOLBOX BECAUSE WE RECOGNIZE THAT THIS IS A CONCERN FOR MANY COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT SUITE OF POLICIES THAT ARE POSSIBLE OUT THERE. >> NEXT QUESTION. >> HI, SEDRA GOLDMAN. ONE OF THE THINGS I SEE AS A BARRIER HERE IS COST, ESPECIALLY FOR ASSESSMENT, IMPROVEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION, ESPECIALLY FOR NON-PROFITS. I PERSONALLY AM INTERESTED AND HAVE DONATED MY SERVICES. I WAS WONDERING IF ANY OF THE ORGANIZATIONS UP THERE HAVE EITHER LOOKED AT PUTTING ASIDE MONEY TO HELP FUND NON-PROFITS SPECIFICALLY IN GETTING OR IMPROVING THEIR BUILT ENVIRONMENTS, OR HAVE CONSIDERED LINKING PRACTITIONERS THAT MAY BE WILLING TO DONATE SERVICES FOR LIKE RECOMMISSIONING AND THING LIKE THAT THAT REALLY LEAD TO HEALTHIER BUILDINGS, LINKING THEM THROUGH MAYBE WEBSITES OR OTHER RESOURCES THAT THEY HAVE. >> I KNOW IT'S SOMETHING WE'RE LOOKING AT. I DON'T HAVE A CLEAR ANSWER FOR YOU YET. I THINK IT'S STILL VERY EARLY. BUT WE ARE FACILITATING THESE KINDS OF DISCUSSIONS, AS I SAID, TO BRIDGE THE GAP, JUST BECAUSE NOT ONLY DO YOU HAVE THE CERTIFICATION BUT YOU DO HAVE THE HARD COSTS AND THAT CAN BE PROHIBITIVE FOR AN EXISTING BUILDING FOR AN AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECT OR SOMETHING. WE'RE TRYING TO FIND DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS, LIKE COMMUNITY, CDFIs, THAT ALSO PROVIDE GRANTS OR FUNDING TO SUPPORT THESE TYPES OF PROJECTS. WE'RE REALLY LINING UP THESE POTENTIAL PARTNERS, AND COMMUNICATING THESE CONNECTIONS TO TRY TO MAKE THOSE THINGS AVAILABLE. SO VERY EARLY STILL. >> I HAVE A QUICK QUESTION. KEVIN, YOU SAID THERE'S -- THEY DO THE RETROFIT FOR THE ENERGY, WE'VE TALKED A LOT TODAY ABOUT CHEMICALS AND OTHER TIMES OF THINGS THAT CAN ARISE WITH RETROFITS. IS THERE A PROCESS OF MATERIAL SELECTION THAT LINKS TO A CROSS-TAB BETWEEN ALL OF US, IS THERE A PROCESS WHEN THEY RIP UP THE CARPET AND PUT IN, SAY, HARD SURFACE, THEY ARE NOT ADDING PROBLEMS SUCH AS VOCs, WE CAN MEASURE BUT THERE'S DEBATE ABOUT WHAT WE'RE MEASURING AND THE HEALTH IMPACTS. >> WELL, PART OF THE PROCESS IS OFFERING IN OUR CASE OFFERING TO THE FAMILIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF PRODUCTS THAT MIGHT BE USED. AND THEN OBVIOUSLY WE'RE ADVOCATING FOR REDUCING JUST THE GENERAL USE OF CHEMICALS IN THEIR HOMES, AND OFFERING LOTS OF ALTERNATIVES EVEN IN THE PROCESS OF CLEANING WHICH INCLUDES MAINTENANCE AND TALKING ABOUT NEW MATERIAL SELECTION. BUT THE REALITY TOO IS THAT WE ARE A SAFETY NET HOSPITAL. MANY OF THESE ARE LOW INCOME FAMILIES SO THEY DON'T HAVE FINANCIAL CAPACITY TO BUY MANY OF THESE THINGS THEMSELVES. WE'LL TRY TO OFFER THEM ALTERNATIVES AND WORK WITH THEM TO PAY FOR SOME AL -- ALTERNATIVES BUT THAT'S A CHALLENGE. THEY DON'T HAVE SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC RESOURCES TO MAKE THE CHOICES WE'D LIKE FOR THEM TO HAVE AVAILABLE AND FOR THEM TO GO TO ANY OF THEIR RETAIL OUTLETS AND FIND THOSE THINGS ON THE SHELF WHERE IT'S EASY FOR THEM TO GET TO. THEY MAY NOT HAVE CARS, MAY NOT HAVE ABILITY TO TAKE EXTENSIVE TRIPS TO GO TO THE ONE PLACE THAT HAS THE GREEN MATERIALS IN TOWN, THEY MAY HAVE TO GO TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD RETAILER AND DOES THAT NEIGHBORHOOD RETAILER HAVE ALTERNATIVES. >> PERFECT. ONE MORE QUESTION. >> THANK YOU. YOU WERE NEXT IN LINE, CORRECT? >> NO. >> YOU WERE NEXT IN LINE? >> DEE NICHOLAS, DREXEL UNIVERSITY, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, I DIRECT OUR PROGRAM, RMS DESIGN AND RESEARCH. I'M HAD EXPERIENCES WHERE I WORKED WITH COMMUNITY PROVIDERS AROUND HEALTHY LIVING, AND WHAT WE'VE DISCOVERED IS THAT A LOT OF TIMES THERE'S NO WAY FOR THE WRAP-AROUND CARE THIS POPULATION NEEDS TO OCCUR, BECAUSE THE PARTNERS CANNOT COMMUNICATE, AND THEY ARE ALL ASKING SIMILAR QUESTIONS BUT NOT THE SAME QUESTIONS SO THERE'S FATIGUE ON THE PART OF UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES WE'RE TRYING TO HELP. I WAS WONDERING IF I COULD HEAR MORE SPECIFICALLY FROM KEVIN AND MAYBE LARRY ABOUT ANY EXPERIENCE YOU'VE HAD WITH PARTNERS TRYING TO SHARE RESOURCES, SHARE QUESTIONS, SHARE QUESTIONNAIRES, OTHER THAN THE OBVIOUS PRIVACY ISSUES, AND THE SORT OF LIKE HIPAA ISSUES THAT MIGHT COME UP BECAUSE I THINK THOSE ARE THINGS THAT WOULD OPERATIONALLY BE DEALT WITH. I'D LOVE TO HEAR ABOUT THAT. >> I'LL SAY THAT'S A PHENOMENALLY GREAT QUESTION, BECAUSE AS I ALLUDED TO, WE HAVE SOME HUNDRED COMMUNITY PARTNERS, AND ONE OF THE GREAT CHALLENGES THAT IS OFTEN THE CASE FOR PEOPLE OFFERING SERVICES LIKE SOCIAL WORKERS AND PEOPLE WITHIN CLINICS IS ALL THEY HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DO IS OFFER PEOPLE HARD COPY APPLICATIONS. OKAY, HERE'S 30 APPLICATIONS FOR PROGRAMS AND SERVICE YOU WOULD BENEFIT FROM AND THEY WANT TO HELP YOU. THERE'S A NEW PROGRAM THAT HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN TWO STATES, AND EIGHT CITIES, AND THAT WE'RE IMPLEMENTING IN KANSAS CITY. IT'S BEEN AROUND A WHILE IN THOSE STATES. IT'S CALLED ONE TOUCH. SO IT'S ONE OF THESE MODELS. IT'S A WEB-BASED SYSTEM, WHERE YOU GET ALL OF THE COMMUNITY PARTNERS THAT YOU WANT TO HAVE INVOLVED AND HELPS START SMALL WITH A FEW AND BUILD UP. BUT THEY ALL WORK TOGETHER TO BUILD A UNIFORM QUESTIONNAIRE THAT THEY ALL CAN AGREE HAS THE KEY QUESTIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO THEIR ORGANIZATIONS. ALL OF THE CASE WORKERS USE THE SAME TOOL, IT'S A WEB-BASED TOOL, WHEN THEY ARE IN A CLINIC OR IN A HOME, IN OUR CASE DEVELOPED A 35-QUESTION SURVEY BASED ON HOW QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERED BY THE CLIENT, BY A FAMILY, IN OUR CASE. ONCE WE HAVE THE RESPONSES, IT IS DESIGNED TO BE A NON-HIPAA COMPLIANT SURVEY SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE HIPPA COMPLIANT, THEY ARE GENERIC QUESTIONS, BUT THEY TARGET WHERE THERE ARE HEALTH NEEDS WITHOUT ASKING SPECIFIC HEALTH QUESTIONS. BASED ON THOSE ANSWERS, ONCE YOU'VE COLLECTED IT, IT AUTOMATICALLY CONNECTS TO AGENCIES AND SENDS INFORMATION TO THE CLIENT AND PROVIDES REFERRAL, A ROBUST SYSTEM, AND WE'RE JUST STARTING TO USE IT. YOU NEED TO USE TECHNOLOGY LIKE THAT TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION BARRIERS AND STREAMLINE THE REFERRAL PROCESS AND THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO. >> SO REAL QUICKLY, THE GREEN AND HEALTHY HOMES INITIATIVE HELPED US IN DEVELOPING THE CERTIFICATION THAT I MENTIONED EARLIER, AND THEY DO THIS COORDINATED -- WHAT THEY CALL ABC, ALIGN, BRAID, COORDINATE, SO ALL OF THE SOCIAL SERVICES IN A COMMUNITY THAT A PERSON WOULD NEED, THEY HELP THEM KIND OF LIKE ONE TOUCH, CONNECT ALL OF THAT SO THAT THEY GET THE SERVICES THEY NEED. >> GREAT. WITH THAT, WE'RE OUT OF TIME. A ROUND OF APPLAUSE FOR OUR SPEAKERS PLEASE. [APPLAUSE] >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, JUST FOR YOUR -- AS A REMINDER, LUNCH IS ON YOUR OWN TODAY. CAFETERIA IS OUT THE BACK DOOR TO YOUR LEFT, UP THE STAIRS, FIRST RIGHT THROUGH THE GLASS DOORS. AND THE CAFETERIA WILL BE THERE ON YOUR LEFT. PLEASE STOP BY OUR SCHOLARS POSTER SESSIONS, THEY WOULD LOVE TO HAVE CONVERSATIONS ABOUT THE WORK THEY HAVE INDEPENDENTLY DONE. REALLY INTERESTING INFORMATION OUT THERE ON THE POSTER BOARDS. WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM THE CAFETERIA, IF YOU LIKE, YOU CAN BRING YOUR LUNCH TO ROOM G-1, G2, LOOK AT GENERATION ZAP. IT'S A VERY INTERESTING DOCUMENTARY ELECTRONICS AND HOW IT'S AFFECTING THE BODY AND IT'S WON FILM AWARDS, REALLY INTERESTING. I SAT IN FOR AS LONG AS I COULD, TO TAKE A LOOK AT IT. SO FEEL FREE TO DO THAT IF YOU LIKE. ROOM, SCHOLARS, PLEASE COME BACK TO THE AUDITORIUM. I WOULD SAY IT'S ALMOST 12 NOON, COME BACK AT 12:10, SO THAT WE CAN TAKE PICTURES. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR RETURNING TO THE CONVERSATION, AND WITHOUT FURTHER ADO I'D LIKE TO GET US UNDERWAY WITH INVITING MR. PAT PHELAN TO JOIN US TO TELL YOU MORE ABOUT THE GRANT. >> HELLO, THANK YOU. I WANT TO REPEAT THIS. I SAID THIS AT THE END OF YESTERDAY. SO TWO THINGS. ONE IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE SUPPORT FROM THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION THAT PROVIDED PARTIAL TRAVEL SUPPORT FOR A GOOD NUMBER OF THE SCHOLARS AND A FEW OF THE OTHER SPEAKERS AS WELL FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM. SECONDLY, WE'VE GOTTEN APPROVAL FROM EDITOR AND CHIEF OF "BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT" JOURNAL TO PUBLISH A SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL BASED UPON WHAT COMES OUT OF THIS CONFERENCE. SO IF THAT'S SOMETHING POTENTIALLY OF INTEREST, WE NEED YOU TO E-MAIL A BRIEF ABSTRACT, TITLE, ABSTRACT, THAT KIND OF THING TO ONE OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE CO-ED CO-EDITORS. WE HAVE A TIGHT DEADLINE, BY AUGUST 1. THE FULL PAPER IS DUE AT THE END OF THE YEAR. BY AUGUST 1 WE WANT A TITLE, BRIEF ABSTRACT, IT CAN BE IN THE BODY OF THE E-MAIL, NOTHING FORMAL. GET THAT TO US BY AUGUST 1. WE'LL MAKE SOME DECISIONS ABOUT WHICH ONES TO INVITE FOR A FULL LENGTH MANUSCRIPT AND THEN THOSE WILL GO THROUGH THE USUAL REVIEW PROCESS SO THERE'S NO GUARANTEE IT WILL APPEAR IN THE JOURNAL, SO IT HAS TO SURVIVE THAT REVIEW PROCESS. SO WITH THAT, LET'S MOVE ON. I'M GOING TO INVITE MING AND CECE TO THE STAGE. >> GOOD AFTERNOON. >> IT'S GREAT TO SEE YOU. THIS IS OUR SECOND IN THE DAY OF THIS CONFERENCE. I HAVE THE REALLY PLEASURE AND HONOR TO CO-HOST, CO-CHAIR THIS TRACK WITH CECE. MY NAME IS MING HU, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR WITH UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, I AM ARCHITECT BY TRAINING. >> I'M CECE DOUCETTE, TECHNICAL WRITER BY TRAINING, AND I HAVE HAD A CAREER SHIFT IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS, AFTER I DISCOVERED THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS TO WIRENESS TECHNOLOGY. I'LL GIVE YOU A QUICK INTRODUCTION HERE. THAT'S ME. AND I USED TO BE THE FORMER PRESIDENT OF OUR LOCAL EDUCATION FOUNDATION, AND AS SUCH I RAN MANY CAMPAIGNS TO BRING TECHNOLOGY IN FOR WHAT WE WERE HEARING WE NEEDED FOR THIS 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM. THEN A FRIEND OF MINE, AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, INDICATED THERE COULD BE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, I BEGAN TO INVESTIGATE. AND LONG STORY SHORT, I BECAME THE FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT IN THE UNITED STATES TO BEGIN TAKING PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES. NOW, CAN I SEE A SHOW OF HANDS IF ANYBODY HAS AN iPHONE? OKAY. IF YOU COULD TAKE YOUR iPHONE OUT, I'LL SHOW YOU A PARTY TRICK THAT WILL HELP YOU TO TEACH FRIENDS AND LOVED ONES ABOUT THIS ISSUE. TAKE YOUR PHONES OUT. GO INTO SETTINGS. GIVE ME A NOD WHEN YOU'VE GOTTEN THAT FAR. OKAY. ONCE YOU'RE IN SETTINGS SCROLL DOWN A LITTLE BIT TO GENERAL. THEN UP AT THE TOP, HIT "ABOUT." AND ALL THE WAY DOWN, SECOND FROM THE BOTTOM, IS "LEGAL." SO REMEMBER THE ACRONYM GAL, THERE WAS THIS GAL AT THE NIH WHO TAUGHT ME THIS. GENERAL-ABOUT-LEGAL. YOU'LL SEE RF EXPOSURE, RADIOFREQUENCY EXPOSURE, THE INDUSTRY POLITELY CALLS ENERGY. THE MANUFACTURERS ARE TELLING US IN THE LEGAL FINE PRINT, TWO IMPORTANT THINGS. KEEP THIS DEVICE X AMOUNT OF DISTANCE FROM YOUR BODY OR YOU MAY EXCEED FCC LIMITS FOR EXPOSURE. TWO, USE THE HANDS-FREE OPTION LIKE SPEAKERPHONE OR HEAD SAID, CHOOSE HOLLOW TUBE OR AIR TUBE OR RADIATION TRAVELS UP THE WIRE INTO YOUR HEAD. SO WHEN MY SCHOOL DISTRICT READ THIS LEGAL FINE PRINT, I THINK THEY HAD A PRETTY BIG LEGAL "UH-OH" MOMENT BECAUSE THEY KNEW THEY HAD GIVEN CHILDREN AND STAFF iPADS, CHROME BOOKS AND OTHER WIRELESS DEVICE WAS NO TECHNOLOGY HYGIENE INFORMATION. SO THAT'S HOW ASHLAND BECAME THE FIRST IN THE NATION. I DIDN'T REALIZE IT. I JUST THOUGHT, I FOUND A PROBLEM, LET'S SEE WHAT WE CAN DO TO SOLVE THIS. IT WASN'T UNTIL TWO YEARS LATER WHEN DR. DEBRA DAVIS WHO RUNS THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST BROUGHT A PANEL OF EXPERTS TO THE MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATURE TO TRY AND TEACH THEM ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WIRELESS RADIATION. SHE PULLED ME ASIDE AND SAID, CONGRATULATIONS, I DON'T KNOW HOW YOU DID IT BUT YOU'RE THE FIRST IN THE NATION TO BEGIN ADDRESSING THIS. I WAS JUST BLOWN AWAY, BECAUSE WE SHOULD ALL KNOW THIS INFORMATION. AND I'M VERY EXCITED TO HAVE WITH ME TODAY TWO PEOPLE WHO I MET THROUGH DR. DAVIS, OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST. HER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR THEODORE ESCORADO IS WITH US TODAY. I HAVE ONE OF THE WORLD'S PREMIER SCIENTISTS FIGURING OUT BIOLOGICAL HARM, DR. HALL, AND A SPEAKER FROM CANADA, AND PETE SULLIVAN WHO HAS DONE WONDERFUL THINGS FOR OUR PLANET INCLUDING GETTING MERCURY OUT OF THE SMOKESTACKS. HE'S DONE A LOT OF WORK AROUND AUTISM OF LATE. HE HAD TWO CHILDREN WHO WERE ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM, WHO ARE NO LONGER ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM BASED LARGELY BY REMOVING ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS. ONE OF THE KEY THINGS THAT I'VE BEEN DOING OF LATE IS I'VE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF WORKING WITH A GENTLEMAN IN THE U.K. WHO USED TO BE IN THE BUILDING WORLD. HE USED TO WORK FOR A REALLY LARGE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN THE U.K. AND HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUTTING WIRELESS SYSTEMS INTO ALL THESE BUILDINGS. SOMEHOW IT CROSSED HIS DESK THAT THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE HAD PUT OUT A POSITION STATEMENT TO OUR SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS HERE IN THE U.S., SAYING OUR SCHOOLS SHOULD ONLY BE USING HARD WIRED TECHNOLOGY, BECAUSE CHILDREN ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO MICROWAVE RADIATION. AND SO IT'S KIND OF COME FULL CIRCLE THAT I'M STANDING WITH YOU TODAY, IN THE HEALTH AND BUILDINGS ROUNDTABLE, AND NOW WE KNOW SCIENTIFICALLY THAT WIRELESS IS EXTREMELY BIOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS. WITH THAT FELLOW IN THE U.K., ALONG WITH ANOTHER ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING SCIENTISTS, WE BUILT A VERY LITTLE NON-PROFIT, WE DISTILLED ALL OF THE SCIENCE ON THIS, THE INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING TECHNOLOGY SAFELY, INTO A 30-MINUTE COURSE FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES THAT ANYBODY IN THE WORLD COULD TAKE TODAY AT WIRELESS EDUCATION. WE ALSO HAVE ANOTHER COURSE BUILT FOR THE CORPORATE SAFETY INDUCTION ENVIRONMENT. SO ALTHOUGH MANY OF US TODAY HERE ARE LEARNING ABOUT THIS ISSUE FOR THE FIRST TIME, PLEASE KNOW THERE ARE MANY OF US WHO HAVE BEEN WORKING BEHIND THE SCENES FOR ME, FOR FIVE YEARS, OTHERS FOR 20 OR 30 YEARS, OR LONGER. AND THERE ARE INCREDIBLE RESOURCES, ONCE YOU KNOW TO LOOK FOR THEM. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THREE PEOPLE IN THE ROOM WITH US TODAY, DR. LISA NODGE OUT OF MARTHA'S VINEYARD WHO TREATS PATIENTS WHO HAVE ALREADY BECOME ILL FROM WIRELESS RADIATION. I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE LIBBY KELLY, WHO HAS WORKED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND ORGANIZED AN APPEAL TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, THE UNITED NATIONS AND ALL OF ITS MEMBER STATES, AND SOMEBODY WHOSE HAND I HAVE YET TO SHAKE BUT I JUST FOUND OUT KATE HEEL IS WITH US TODAY, SHE AND THEODORE US HAVE BEEN WORKING TO EDUCATE OUR WORLD ABOUT THE HEALTH EFFECTS THAT ARE GOING TO HIT US IF 5G INFRASTRUCTURE IS INSTALLED IN OUR COMMUNITIES. THANK YOU FOR HAVING US TODAY. WITH THAT WE'LL TURN THIS OVER TO MING. >> I WILL INTRODUCE OUR SPEAKERS AND INVITE THEM TO COME IN FIRST. PLEASE JOIN US. WHILE THEY ARE MAKING THEIR ENTRANCE TO THE PODIUM, LET ME RELAY THIS BACK TO THE HEALTHY BEAUTY. I'M ARCHITECT BY TRAINING. AND FROM MY EDUCATION, ALSO FROM WHAT I HAVE ALWAYS TOLD MY STUDENTS, IN THE FIRST CLASS OF THE SEMESTER IS THAT THE ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE LICENSING IS TO PROTECT AND GUARANTEE THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF PUBLIC THE SO THAT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY. WE AS A PROFESSION TAKE SERIOUSLY. ALSO AT THE SAME TIME, WE ARE THE PROFESSION, ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS, WE'RE THE PROFESSION OFTEN ALWAYS SEEK FOR THE TECHNOLOGY. AND TO FIND OUT BETTER TECHNOLOGY, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TO HELP US TO IMPROVE, HELP US TO IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH, SO IN THE NEXT FULL PRESENTATION YOU'LL HEAR HOW THOSE RESEARCHERS FROM DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES EXPLORE THE USAGE, IMPLEMENTATION AND PROS AND CONS OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES TO THE PUBLIC REALM. I'M GOING TO QUICKLY INTRODUCE THE FOUR SPEAKERS. THENLY I WILL LEAVE THE TIME FOR THEIR PRESENTATION. FIRST SPEAKER IS A PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE AT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, DR. BRAHAM, DIRECTOR OF MASTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL BEAUTY AND DESIGN. SECOND SPEAKER IS DR. CHOI, HE IS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF BUILDING SCIENCE AT UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. AND OUR THIRD SPEAKER IS DR. KLOTZ, HE IS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, AND AND OUR LAST SPEAKER, VERY IMPORTANT SPEAKER, HE IS A PROFESSOR IN PUBLIC HEALTH, SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, FROM UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO I'LL GIVE THE MIC TO OUR SPEAKERS. >> YES, THIS IS ON. DO YOU HAVE THE CLICKER? I'M HERE TRAINED AS ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, ALSO HISTORIAN. I'M GOING TO DO A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY, A MINUTE OR TWO, LESS PROBABLY NOW. BECAUSE USUALLY MY AUDIENCE IS DESIGNERS. HOW TO FRAME QUESTIONS LIKE HEALTH FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING WITH A WHOLE ARRAY OF DIFFERENT FACTORS IN A THEY HAVE TO CONSIDER IN DESIGN. TO DO THAT, I WANT TO PUT THIS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH, IN A TINY BIT OF HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND JUMP TO THIS ONE EXAMPLE. FIRST, I HAVE TO MAKE THE POINT OF THE VERY FIRST ARCHITECT, THE FIRST ARCHITECTURAL THEORIST AROUND THE TIME OF CHRIST, AND AT THAT MOMENT THE FIRST CONCERN FOR HEALTH, IN FACT THE ONLY MENTION IN HIS TREATISE, OUR FOUNDATIONAL TEXT, IS TO PICK A HEALTHY SITE. VERY SENSIBLE. SOMETHING WE ACTUALLY WORRY ABOUT FROM A COUPLE DIMENSIONS TODAY. BUT I WOULD UNDERLINE THE FACT THAT THE IMAGE OF THE BODY AND THE IMAGE OF HEALTH THEY HAD AT THAT TIME WAS ALMOST ENTIRELY DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WE UNDERSTAND TODAY. AND TO SAY THAT THE WAY WE IMAGINE THE BODY AND THE WAY WE UNDERSTAND HEALTH AS IT CHANGES THROUGH TIME ALSO CHANGES THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT BUILDINGS. HUGE JUMP, TO THE 19th CENTURY, DISCOVERY OR THE ACCEPTANCE OF GERM THEORY, AND IN PARTICULAR THE SCOURGE OF THOSE DAYS, WHAT WAS THE MOST THREATENING ILLNESS OR WIDELY THREATENING ILLNESS, TUBERCULOSIS, CAUSED BY A BACTERIUM. COMPLETELY ALTERED THE WAY PEOPLE THOUGHT ABOUT BUILDINGS. THERE'S A NUMBER OF RECENT BOOKS ON THIS. BUT WHAT THEY UNDERSTOOD WAS IN A VERY SIMPLE, I WOULD CALL IT MECHANISTIC FASHION, THAT THERE WAS A GERM THAT CAUSED PEOPLE TO BE SICK. THAT GERM COULD BE KILLED BY A NUMBER OF THINGS, LIKE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION. THEREFORE PRODUCTS LIKE UV TRANSPARENT GLASS WERE INTRODUCED IN ORDER TO KILL GERMS. MUCH OF THE LOOK AND FEEL OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT, ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE EARLY 20th CENTURY, WAS INFLUENCED BY THIS THINKING AND THIS IDEA ABOUT WHAT MADE PEOPLE HEALTHY. EVEN WHEN IT WASN'T STATED EXPLICITLY, THIS NOTION OF FRESH AIR AND SUNLIGHT CAUSING PEOPLE DIRECTLY TO BE HEALTHY RAN THROUGH THE WORK OF THE TIME. NOW, WE LIVE IN A VERY DIFFERENT TIME. I WON'T READ THIS, I CITE A TEACHER OF MINE AS AN OBSERVER OF THE TURNING POINT TO WHAT PRETTY MUCH EVERYBODY IN THIS ROOM PARTICIPATE IN WHICH IS THE IDEA OF THE WORLD AS A SYSTEM. THE IDEA OF THE BODY AS A SYSTEM, IDEA OF THE BUILDING AS A SYSTEM. I'LL JUST SWITCH TO THAT. WE EASILY UNDERSTAND TODAY, ALTHOUGH THIS REALLY CAME ABOUT THROUGH THE LAST TWO DECADES OF THE 20th CENTURY, THAT ILLNESS IN MANY CASES IS CAUSED BY THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF SOMETHING INCLUDING OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM. THAT THERE ARE FEEDBACK LOOMS, THAT THERE ARE THRESHOLD CONDITIONS, THAT THERE ARE TIPPING POINTS, AND THAT THESE THINGS ARE AS MUCH A FUNCTION OF THE NATURE OF SYSTEM AS DISEASE AGENT, WHETHER IT'S A GERM OR EXTERIOR CONDITION. SO THAT'S HUGELY DIFFERENT. AGAIN, PARTICULARLY WHEN I'M TALKING TO DESIGNERS, IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THEM TO UNDERSTAND HOW DIFFERENT THE BUILDINGS WE LOOK AT TODAY ARE, THAN THE BUILDINGS THAT WERE DESIGNED UNDER THAT DIFFERENT WAY OF THINKING. SO WE NOW READILY SEE BUILDINGS AS SYSTEMS AND INCREASINGLY THEY ARE AS COMPLEX OR RESEMBLE THE COMPLEXITY OF NATURAL SYSTEMS, WITH ALL KINDS OF COMPUTER-BASED FEEDBACK SYSTEMS AND SO FORTH. AND THIS IS VERY MUCH BOTH IN ANALOGY WITH THE WAY WE UNDERSTAND THE BUILDING, AND I THINK WE'LL HEAR IN THE SECOND PANEL ALSO CAUSES US A VARIETY OF KINDS OF PROBLEMS. NOW, MY PARTICULAR POINT OF ENTRY HERE WAS TO ASK WHEN DID HEALTH BECOME SOMETHING THAT WE COULD EXPLICITLY PUT AS A CRITERIA FOR DESIGN IN THE EARLIEST EXAMPLE, A FAVORITE WRITER, FREDERICK KIESLER, WRITING IN THE 1930s, HE WAS HANGING OUT WITH BUCKMINISTER FULLER IN THOSE DAYS, THEIR CONCERN WAS TO UNDERSTAND HOW TECHNOLOGIES EVOLVED, HOW TOOLS, ONE TOOL TURNED INTO ANOTHER TOOL, HOW COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS. IN THAT CONTEXT ASKING HOW DO TOOLS DEVELOP THEIR SIMPLE FORMULATION, THE ONE THEY THEN WERE CRITICIZING WAS THAT PEOPLE DEVELOPED NEW NEEDS, RIGHT, I NEED TO CUT BUTTER INSTEAD OF KILLING SOMEBODY SO I DEVELOP A NEW KNIFE FOLLOWING THAT CHAIN OF THINKING, HE SAID THE ULTIMATE CRITERIA OF DESIGN, ULTIMATE NEED FOR DESIGN IS HEALTH. THAT'S A RADICAL NOTION AT THAT TIME, EVEN THOUGH WE HAD BEEN CONCERNED WITH HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT SINCE WE BEGAN BUILDING. THE SINGLE MOST POWERFUL DIAGRAM COMES FROM THAT WORK OF HIS, HE TRIES TO EXPLAIN WHY THIS IS COMPLICATED, WHY THIS IS A DIFFERENT KIND OF DESIGN PROBLEM THAN SIMPLY KILLING BAD GERMS, SO THAT WE DON'T GET DISEASES. HE SHOWED THIS DIAGRAM, THE BLACK DOT IN THE CENTER IS MEANT TO REPRESENT MEN. THEN HE SAID THERE WERE THREE COREAL -- CORREAL ENVIRONMENTS, WE USE CO-EVOLUTION, SOMEWHAT SEPARATE ENVIRONMENTS THAT EVOLVE ACCORDING TO INTERNAL DYNAMICS AND INFLUENCE ONE ANOTHER, AND OBVIOUSLY CREATE THE CONDITION FOR US. THE BIGGEST CATEGORY IS THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. WE ACCEPT THAT EVOLVED SPECIES EVOLVE, ECOSYSTEMS. SECOND, THE HUMAN AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT. WE LIVE IN MORE COMPLEX SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS NOW THAN WHEN WE WERE HUNTER/GATHERERS. FINALLY TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, ALMOST COMMONPLACE TO TALK ABOUT THAT. WHEN I WOKE UP LAST WEEK, THE FIRST THOUGHT WASN'T, WHAT I REALLY NEED TODAY IS A NEW ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM. YET MY PHONE WAS PRESENTING ME WITH ONE. IT WAS NOT SOLVING A PROBLEM I HAD. IN FACT, IT CHANGED A COUPLE THINGS I KIND OF MISSED. IT WAS BOTH ANSWERING LARGER REQUIREMENTS OF THE SYSTEM, WHETHER GOOD FOR ME OR NOT, AND ADVANCING THE COLLECTIVE AGENDA OF THAT SYSTEM. SO IT WAS THAT INDEPENDENT AND ALSO INTERACTING EVOLUTION OF THESE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS THAT HE SAW AS THE CHALLENGE FOR DESIGNING FOR HEALTH. HE MADE WHAT I VIEW AS A CRITICAL SHIFT FROM SAYING HEALTH IS A NEED, MAKING YOU THE SOUND LIKE A PRODUCT OR SERVICE YOU SIMPLY DELIVER AND SAID HEALTH BECOMES THE CRITERION FOR DESIGN. HEALTH IS DIFFICULT TO DEFINE, ALMOST ALWAYS IN THE NEGATIVE, THE ABSENCE OF A BUNCH OF THINGS, CAPACITY TO DEAL WITH ASSAULTS AND CHANGES OVER TIME. BUT PUTTING OUT CRITERIA LIKE THAT RAISES THE BAR, CHANGES THE WAY IN WHICH WE THINK ABOUT DESIGN, AND OF COURSE FOR DESIGNERS MAKES IT QUITE CHALLENGING TO KNOW WHERE TO START BECAUSE THIS IS NOT SINGLE CAUSAL, ALMOST EVERY INTERESTING HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEM DOESN'T STEM FROM A SINGLE CAUSE. IF IT DOES, WE PROBABLY ALREADY DEALT WITH IT. AND SO WE'RE DEALING THEN WITH THESE MULTI-CAUSAL SOMETIMES SYSTEM EFFECTS THAT CHANGED THE QUESTION FOR DESIGNERS. WE HAVE OVER THE LAST BUNCH OF YEARS CHANGED THAT DIAGRAM TO MAKE IT A BIT MORE CONTEMPORARY, MAYBE A BIT MORE REALISTIC. FIRST RECOGNIZING THE BIOGEO SPHERE IS THE CONFECTION FOR ALL OF THE SYSTEMS OF LIFE ON THE PLANET. SO THAT SUBSUMES EVERYTHING. AND IS DRIVEN BY THE AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES AND ENERGY AND SO FORTH. THE HUMAN AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OR COURSE RESTS WITHIN THAT, RELIES ON IT, EVOLVES ACCORDING TO ITS OWN DYNAMIC. THE QUESTION PHILOSOPHERS OF TECHNOLOGY WRESTLED WITH FOR A CENTURY, TO WHAT DEGREE DO TECHNOLOGIES WE DEAL WITH, PRIMARILY BUILDINGS BUT IT INCLUDES MY SMARTPHONE AS WELL, HOW MUCH DO THOSE THINGS RISE UP AND ADVANCE ACCORDING TO OUR NEEDS, AND HOW MUCH DO THEY HAVE THEIR OWN MOMENTUM, WE'LL CALL IT. HOW MUCH DO THEY PURSUE THEIR OWN AGENDA, EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE NO CONSCIOUSNESS AND NO ABILITY. BUT HOW MUCH AS A SYSTEM DO THEY FURTHER THE NEEDS OF THOSE DEVICES. NOW, I'LL KIND OF PULL THIS ALL TOGETHER AND FINISH UP BY SAYING WE'VE SPENT QUITE A BIT OF TIME NOT PUTTING HEALTH AS THE FIRST QUESTION, BUT TRYING TO BE CLEAR ABOUT ALL OF THE RESOURCE FLOWS, EXCHANGES, ENERGY SOURCES, BASICALLY ASKING WHAT ARE ALL THE THINGS THAT PASS THROUGH AND IN BUILDINGS AND HOW DOES THAT HELP US UNDERSTAND IT. WE'VE BEEN USING TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY SYSTEMS ECOLOGISTS USING ESSENTIALLY A CUMULATIVE MEASUREMENT OF EXPENDED WORK AND RESOURCES CALLED EMERGY, A PICTURE OF THE SYSTEM OPERATES, SO WE CAN OFFER OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT AND THINKING ABOUT THIS CONFERENCE HOW CAN WE FRAME THE QUESTION OF HEALTH IN A WAY THAT'S USEFUL TO DESIGN. I'LL MAKE ONE LAST GRAB FROM THE ARTICLE BY KIESLER, INVENTING THIS LANGUAGE HIMSELF, IT DOESN'T EXIST YET. HE SAID, OKAY, HEALTH IS A CRITERIA, ULTIMATELY THE RESISTANCE CAPACITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL THAT IS AT ISSUE. RIGHT? HEALTH IS THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO RECOVER FROM OR FEND OFF OR DEAL WITH THE ASSAULTS OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT. IT'S WHAT WE WOULD TODAY CALL& RESILIENCE, AND IN FACT I THINK FOR DESIGNERS THIS HELPS BRING TOGETHER A BUNCH OF PARALLEL DISCUSSIONS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. HOW CAN WE TAKE A LOT OF THE THINKING THAT'S GONE INTO RESILIENT DESIGN, WHICH THINKS ABOUT LARGE TERM, LARGER SCALE DISASTERS, AND THINK ABOUT IT AT THE SCALE OF PEOPLE AND OF BUILDINGS. I WILL ONLY WAIVE -- WAVE THIS DIAGRAM, NOT EXPLAIN IT, YOU'VE SEEN IT, HOLLING'S ADAPTIVE CYCLE, THE BASIC MESSAGE BEING A HEALTHY SYSTEM OF WHATEVER KIND IS NOT STATIC BUT IS IN FACT CONSTANTLY CYCLING THROUGH, IN SOME CASES GROWING AND EXPANDING ITS CAPACITIES, IN OTHER CASES LOSING THAT CAPACITY, AND THE CRITICAL FACTOR FOR ITS, WE'LL SAY, HEALTH AND SURVIVAL IS ITS ABILITY TO REBUILD, RESTORE, HEAL AND MOVE FORWARD. WHAT I FLAGGED THERE AS RESILIENCE, THAT'S ALMOST ALWAYS, I'M NOT THE EXPERT ON HEALTH, THERE'S OTHERS WHO CAN ADD TO THIS, BUT THAT'S ALMOST ALWAYS MEANS HAVING SUFFICIENT RESOURCES WHETHER THAT'S INFORMATION, FOOD, ENERGY, YOU NAME IT, HAVING SUFFICIENT RESOURCES TO COPE WITH THE ASSAULT THAT THE INDIVIDUAL OR THE COMMUNITY IS ENCOUNTERING. SO I WON'T DWELL ON THIS BECAUSE I DID THIS, WE PUT THIS PRESENTATION TOGETHER A WEEK AGO. I THOUGHT TO TRY AND, FOR MY PURPOSES, CATEGORIZE THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT INFLUENCE THE RESILIENCE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH RESPECT TO HEALTH IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, MY QUICK STUDY AND THIS DIAGRAM, BASICALLY PUT THEM INTO THREE CATEGORIES, THAT WORLD OF THINGS THAT DIRECTLY IMPACT THE HUMAN BODY, MOSTLY THAT WE CONSUME, AND THAT IS HUGE, AND INVOLVES LOTS OF UPSTREAM ISSUES AND LOTS OF UPSTREAM POSSIBILITIES. THE THINGS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHELTER OR BUILDING ITSELF, RIGHT, PRIMARILY OUR JOB. IF THINGS ARE NOT -- I WON'T SAY JUST COMFORTABLE BUT NOT ADEQUATELY PROTECTING YOU FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OR NOT PROVIDING ADEQUATE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IT'S A HUGE ASSAULT. FINALLY A BROADER BUT OFTEN FOR US EQUALLY CRITICAL IS THE PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCATION. YES, I'M THINKING ABOUT WHAT PETRUVIUS SAID IN 26 B.C., ALSO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUILDING IN A WEALTHY WESTERN WORLD SUBURBAN CONDITION VERSUS BUILDING IN A POOR WORLD RURAL CONDITION. THERE'S SO MANY ATTRIBUTES THAT GO WITH THE LOCATION THAT CHANGE THE DESIGN PROBLEM, THAT WE ALMOST ALWAYS HAVE TO BEGIN WITH THAT AND THEN FOCUS ON THE NEXT LEVEL DOWN. I HOPE I MADE IT. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] >> HI. THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME TODAY. I'D LIKE TO SHARE MY PROJECT SAMPLE, HUMAN INTEGRATION BUILDING RESEARCH THAT I'M CURRENTLY DOING IN MY SCHOOL. ACTUALLY, WHEN I WAS IN COLLEGE, I WAS EXTREMELY LUCKY TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO WORK IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL. AS AN INTERN. IN THE INTERNSHIP PERIOD I WAS ABLE TO MEET MULTIPLE PATIENTS AND FAMILY MEMBERS. I WAS VERY SURPRISED, BECAUSE THERE'S SO MANY PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS COMPLAIN ABOUT THEIR PATIENT ROOM, THE QUALITY, ESPECIALLY THERMAL, LIGHTING, THOSE THINGS. AND THIS ONE IS KIND OF SOME TYPICAL ICU OR CCU, THE OTHER IS GENERAL TYPICAL PATIENT ROOM. THE THING IS THAT THERE ARE SO MANY PATIENTS WHO ARE PHYSICALLY LIMITED, WHICH MEANS THERE'S NO WAY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THEIR CAREGIVER OR EVEN FAMILY MEMBER. SO ONLY THING THEY CAN DO, THOSE PATIENTS, ARE JUST LOOK AT THIS VERY BRIGHT CEILING FIXTURE ALL DAY LONG, WITHOUT DOING ANYTHING. SO IT'S KIND OF A TORTURE. SO THIS GAVE ME A LOT OF INSPIRATION FOR ME, WHAT I SHOULD DO, OR HOW I SHOULD DO IT, THE BUILDING SCIENCE DOMAIN IN ARCHITECTURE. SO, AS YOU KNOW, INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, AIR, LIGHTING, ACOUSTIC, THERMAL AND SPATIAL QUALITIES ARE DRIVING FACTORS FOR US, OVER THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. SO BASED ON SOME QUALITY COMPONENT, WE CAN GENERATE A KIND OF PRODUCTIVITY GAIN, HEALTH BENEFIT, ALSO ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT BY ENERGY CONSERVATION. SO, UNFORTUNATELY IN INDOOR ECOLOGY DOMAIN, WE HAVE ONLY ONE STANDARD GUIDELINE. IT MEANS THAT EVEN THOUGH WE SHARE THE SAME TEMPERATURE OVER HERE, SOME PEOPLE ARE VERY HAPPY, THE OTHER PEOPLE NOT HAPPY BECAUSE TOO COLD OR TOO WARM, SO DEPENDING ON SOME PHYSICAL CONDITION OF INDIVIDUALS, SO WE MAY BE EXPOSE TO THERMAL STRESS OR LIGHTING STRESS OR ACOUSTIC STRESS, EVEN THOUGH OUR CONDITION MEET OUR STANDARD GUIDELINE, IT MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO SOME PEOPLE ALL THE TIME. SO, TO FIGURE IT OUT, TO SO MANY SMART STRATEGIES, LIKE A CITY, SOME BUILDINGS, SMART SYSTEM, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL HAS BEEN SOME DEVELOPED VERY SERIOUS WAY, BUT THE THING IS THAT THE HUMAN FACTOR SINCE WE MORE ISOLATE IT FROM THE KIND OF SMART LOOK. SO TYPICALLY IN A TYPICAL COMFORT MODEL, WE ARE USING ONLY THE SIX PARAMETERS FROM HUMIDITY TO METABOLIC RATE, AND OTHER PARAMETERS, TOTALLY NOT CONSIDERED IN THE MODEL MEANS IN TERMS OF COMFORT PREDICTION MODEL THEIR ACCURACY IS MUCH LOWER. FOR EXAMPLE, BMI, BODY MASS INDEX, THAT'S RELEVANT TO OUR FAT LAYER, SINCE I MARRIED MY WIFE, SHE'S A REALLY SKINNY LADY, AND I'M EXACTLY DOUBLE THAN HER, AND I HAVE A LOT FAT LAYER, MEANS IT CAN PROTECT MY HEAT LOSS, EVEN IN WINTER SEASON. IN TERMS OF THAT, I'M VERY PROUD OF MY FAT LAYER BECAUSE I CAN SAVE A LOT OF ENERGY BECAUSE THAT I CAN STAY IN A LOWER SET POINT TEMPERATURE SETTING IN THE WINTER SEASON. SO MY WIFE ALWAYS TEASING ME WITH SAYING YOU HAVE A DOUBLE SKIN FACADE. A LOT OF HUMAN FACTORS, HIDDEN OR UNHIDDEN. THE THING IS DEPENDING ON COMPLICATED HUMAN FACTOR ELEMENT, SO OUR BODY CAN REACT ACCORDING TO OUR AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM. SO BASED ON THE FUTURISTIC PRINCIPLE, BIOSENSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, MEANS WE'RE READING SENSING TECHNOLOGY, WE'RE COLLECTING KIND OF SOME SKIN TEMPERATURE, HEART RATE, AND ALSO ELECTRO THERMO ACTIVITY LEVEL. SO THAT WE CAN USING THE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, WE CAN TRANSFER COLLECTIVE SIGNAL TO THERMOSTAT AND OVERRIDE OUR CONDITION BY PROVIDING COOLER AIR OR WARMER AIR SO THE USER CAN STAY IN A COMFORTABLE CONDITION IN A CONTINUOUS WAY. SO THE THING IS IN OUR RESEARCH DOMAIN, RESEARCH TOPIC, ONE OF THE CHALLENGING COMPONENTS IS THAT WE HAVE TOO MANY DIFFERENT LEVEL OF SKIN TEMPERATURE, HUMAN BODY ACTUALLY HAVE TWO BODY TEMPERATURE, ONE IS CORE TEMPERATURE, SHOULD BE MAINTAINED, THE OTHER IS SKIN TEMPERATURE. SO SKIN TEMPERATURE ALWAYS A FLUCTUATING, ALSO DEPENDING ON THE SEGMENT, LEVEL IS ALWAYS FLUCTUATING. WE HAVE TO INVESTIGATE, EACH BODY SEGMENT GENERATE MOST MEANINGFUL DATA SO THAT WE CAN ESTIMATE THERMAL SENSATION IN INDIVIDUALS IN ACCURATE WAY. THIS WAS THE INTERFACE THAT WE USED. BASED ON THE SAME PRINCIPLE, WE TRIED TO USE FACIAL SKIN TEMPERATURE, BECAUSE FACIAL SKIN AREA ALREADY EXPOSED TO AIR, OUR AMBIENT AIR, THE OTHER ONE IS THERE'S SO MANY COMPLAIN HEY, IF WE HAVE WEARABLE SENSORS FOR THIS TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, WE HAVE TO PURCHASE WEARABLE SENSOR, OTHER PEOPLE MIGHT WEAR WRIST BAND BECAUSE OF SOME ALLERGY OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. THAT'S WHY WE TRY TO USE SOME REMOTE SENSOR, REMOTE WAYS, SO WE CAN COLLECT MORE TEMPERATURE DATA FROM THE SKIN, FACIAL SKIN. SO THROUGH THE INTERFACE, WE TRY TO FIND SOME BEST SPOT OR WORSE SPOT RELATIVE WAY SO WE CAN ESTIMATE THERMO SENSATION IN INDIVIDUALS IN HIGHER ACCURACY. SO WHEN WE COMPLETE IT, RESEARCH SUCCESSFUL, WE CAN PLUG IN THE SYSTEM AND PROVIDE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF AIR TEMPERATURE PER WORKER STATION EVEN THOUGH WE SHARE THE SAME SPACE. EYE PUPIL SIZE IS PHYSICAL RESPONSE TO OUR AMBIENT LIGHTING CONDITION, SO ONCE WE FIGURED OUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EYE PUPIL AND LIGHTING PARAMETER, SUCH AS LUMENS, CONTRAST RATIO AND GLARE, WE CAN DO SOMETHING TO ESTIMATE OUR SENSATION AND UTILIZE FOR REALTIME CONTROL. SO THE THING IS THAT IN THE BEGINNING I WAS REALLY -- I HAD A DIFFICULT DECISION. I THOUGHT THAT MY EYE LOOKS LIKE THIS LATEST EYE, EYE PUPIL SIZE, I THOUGHT WAS ROUND SHAPE. IT IS NOT TRUE. SOME STUDENTS SHOW ALMOST LIKE A CROCODILE I'LL, SQUARE, TRIANGLE. WE TRIED TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO ESTIMATE EXACT SIZE OF PUPIL HER PERSON, BECAUSE A LOT OF DIVERSITY IN ITEMS OF SHAPE. WE WERE ABLE TO FIGURE IT OUT USING SOME MORE CLINICAL COMPONENT, AND WE CONDUCTED A SERIES OF HUMAN EXPERIMENTS UNDER THE DIFFERENT LIGHTING SETTING, DIFFERENT LUMINANCE AND GLARE AND CONTRAST RATIO. SUCCESSFULLY WE WERE ABLE TO DEVELOP A PROTOTYPE MODEL, SO USING KIND OF MACHINE LEARNING THEORY, ALGORITHM. SO, YEAH, THIS IS OUR TEAM. AND THIS IS KIND OF SOME PRINCIPLES, WHAT KIND OF SYSTEM WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT SUCH CONTROL. IT LOOKS A LITTLE BIT KIND OF SOME PEOPLE SAY IT LOOKS LIKE A ROBOCOP, BUT I HATE IT, BUT WE'RE USING ANOTHER SET OF SENSORS FEATURING REMOTE SENSING. BUT FOR RESEARCH PURPOSE, WE USE WEARABLE SENSORS INTENTIONALLY. WE TARGET OBVIOUS SETTING, THE OTHER ONE IS K-12 STUDENT SCHOOL SETTING, YOUNG KIDS HAVE NO IDEA WHAT SHOULD THEY DO WHEN THEY HAVE TOO BRIGHT LIGHT OR TOO DARK LIGHT. SO, FROM THE PROJECT, I WAS ABLE TO LEARN THAT, HEY, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IS NOT OPTIONAL, ALMOST MANDATORY THESE DAYS. I LEARNED WE NEED TO KEEP COMMUNICATING WITH PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES BECAUSE IT IS THE ONLY WAY THAT WE CAN FIND A SOLUTION TO RESEARCH BY PROVIDING KIND OF MINIMIZING THE RESEARCH GAP BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINE KNOWLEDGES. SO, CURRENTLY, PART OF THE WORK SPONSORED BY EPA, THE OTHER PART SPONSORED BY NSF. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] SO, I WAS TRYING TO THINK ABOUT HOW I WAS GOING TO TIE IN THE WORK I DO TO HEALTH. MY FOCUS, I WAS TALKING TO A GRADUATE STUDENT A COUPLE WEEKS AGO. SHE ASKED IF I WAS INTERESTED IN HEALTH THINGS. I SAID I DON'T CARE ABOUT HEALTH, IN I MEANT IN TERMS IT'S NOT THE FOCUS OF MY HEALTH. IN OTHER WAYS I CARE MORE ABOUT HEALTH THAN MY RESEARCH. I WAS THINKING HOW DO I MAKE ENTRY POINTS INTO THIS AUDIENCE, AND MAKE THE POINT THAT I WANT TO MAKE. AND SO HOW MANY OF YOU, YOU PROBABLY HAVE SEEN THIS EXAMPLE, RIGHT? ORGAN DONATION, THE COUNTRIES WHERE ORGAN DONATION IS OPT IN, VERSUS OPT OUT. THE UNITED STATES, YOU GO TO THE DMV, IF YOU WANT TO BE AN ORGAN DONOR YOU CHECK A BOX THAT SAYS YES, I WILL DONATE MY ORGANS. OTHER COUNTRIES, YOU DO'T HAVE TO BE AN ORGAN DOANOR, YOU HAVE TO CHECK A BOX THAT SAYS NO THANKS, I DON'T WANT TO DONATE MY ORGANS. YOU CAN SEE FROM THE SLIDES BEHIND ME HOW MUCH THAT INFLUENCES THE RATE OF DONATION. THAT'S TO ME A HEALTH ISSUE. IN THESE COUNTRIES WHERE YOU HAVE TO OPT IN TO THE ORGAN DONATION, LESS THAN 20% DONATION RATES, IN THE COUNTRIES WHERE YOU HAVE TO OPT OUT, SUPER HIGH DONATION RATES. THERE'S A LOT OF REASONS FOR THE DEFAULT, GO INTO BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, BUT THE POINT HERE IS IT MATTERS, RIGHT? HOW YOU FRAME THE DECISIONS MATTERS. AND THE ACTION PART HERE, RIGHT, WELL, THAT SEEMS LIKE IT COULD BE AN INEXPENSIVE WAY TO CHANGE HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE BEING ORGAN DONORS. THAT DOESN'T HAVE TO DO WITH DESIGN OF BUILDINGS, BUT IF DO YOU ONE THING OUT OF MY PART OF THE PRESENTATION, I'D WANT YOU TO THINK ABOUT HOW YOU COULD APPLY THIS TYPE OF THINKING TO CREATE HEALTHIER DESIGNS OF BUILDINGS. I'LL GO THROUGH KIND OF ONE SHORT EXAMPLE FROM MY RESEARCH, TO ILLUSTRATE THIS A LITTLE BIT HOW WE'RE THINKING ABOUT IT. SO ANOTHER KIND OF DECISION STRUCTURING INTERVENTION YOU MIGHT BE FAMILIAR WITH IS ENERGY FEEDBACK PERFORMANCE, RIGHT? DEPENDING WHERE YOU LIVE, ON YOUR ELECTRICITY BILL, YOU'LL START TO SEE HERE'S HOW MUCH ENERGY YOU'RE USING, HERE IS HOW MUCH ENERGY YOUR NEIGHBORS ARE USING. AND THEY DON'T SAY YOU'RE GOOD OR BAD FOR USING MORE OR LESS THAN YOUR NEIGHBORS. IT'S JUST SETTING UP THIS COMPARISON, RIGHT? THEY ARE FINDING THAT YOU CAN DECREASE ENERGY USE 1 TO 2% IN A UTILITY THAT GIVES THIS INFORMATION. SO AGAIN SUPER INEXPENSIVE WAY TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR AND ACHIEVE SOME OF THE GOALS, IN THIS CASE ENERGY USE REDUCTION AND CLIMATE REDUCTION. OR CLIMATE EMISSION REDUCTION. THE OTHER POINT, HOW CAN YOU ESTABLISH CHOICE ENVIRONMENTS, HOW CAN YOU ESTABLISH CHOICE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE MOST INFLUENCE PLACES. YES, IT MATTERS HOW MUCH INDIVIDUAL ENERGY, HOW MUCH INDIVIDUAL ENERGY WE USE, BUT THINK ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE DESIGNING THE BUILDINGS. IT'S ONE THING TO CHANGE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PERSON WHO IS FLIPPING THE LIGHT SWITCH ON AND OFF, ANOTHER THING ENTIRELY TO CHANGE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PERSON WHO DECIDED WHAT THAT LIGHTING SYSTEM WAS GOING TO BE IN THE FIRST PLACE. WE'VE DONE SOME RESEARCH, BASICALLY SHOWING THAT YOU GET SIMILAR EFFECTS THAT YOU GET, IN THE OTHER BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS, WHEN YOU'RE STUDYING EXPERTS. WE STUDIED PEOPLE WHO ARE DESIGNING BIG INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, CHANGING HOW DECISIONS WERE POSED TO THEM, WOULD CHANGE THE OUTCOME. ONE OF THE SIMPLEST TWEAKS WE MADE WAS INSTEAD OF GIVING THEM POINTS FOR ACHIEVING MORE -- BETTER OUTCOMES, WE DIDN'T TAKE AWAY POINTS FOR ACHIEVING BETTER OUTCOMES SO DIDN'T CHANGE THE POINT STRUCTURE, JUST WHETHER THEY WERE GETTING OR LOSING POINTS. IT'S MORE PAINFUL FOR US TO LOSE SOMETHING THAN IT IS REWARDING FOR US TO GAIN SOMETHING, PLAYING INTO THAT STRUCTURE. ABOUT 20% BETTER PERFORMANCE FROM THE SIMPLE TWEAK, CHANGING NUMBERS ON THE PAPER AND IMPROVING PERFORMANCE. WE COMPARED IT TO, AGAIN, JUST TO HAMMER HOME THE POINT OF COST EFFECTIVENESS OF CHANGING DECISION ENVIRONMENTS, YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH CASH FOR CLUNKERS, A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM THAT GOT A LOT OF CARS OFF THE ROAD THAT WERE USING A LOT OF ENERGY, MAKING POLLUTION. WE INVESTED $3 BILLION TO SAVE ABOUT 30 MILLION TONS OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN THAT CASH FOR CLUNKERS PROGRAM. IF YOU COULD TWEAK JUST USING EMISSIONS AS THE METRIC, AGAIN, IF YOU COULD TWEAK UPSTREAM DECISION MAKING FOR INFRASTRUCTURE BY 10%, NOT EVEN THE 20% THAT WE FOUND, YOU WOULD BE SAVING ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE OVER THAT AMOUNT THEY SAVED FROM THE CASH FOR CLUNKERS PROGRAM. AGAIN, THE POINT IS THESE ARE SPECULATIVE NUMBERS, BUT THE POINT IS THERE'S HUGE OPPORTUNITIES TO BE HAD HERE JUST BY CHANGING THE DECISION ENVIRONMENTS TO ACHIEVE THE TIMES OF OUTCOMES THAT WE WANT. AGAIN, I'LL CONCLUDE, LIKE I SAID, HEALTH IS NOT MY AREA OF RESEARCH EXPERTISE BUT THERE'S A LOT OF SMART PEOPLE THINKING ABOUT THIS. IF THEY CAN THINK OF CHOICE ARCHITECTURE AS ANOTHER TOOL, THE WAY THINGS ARE STRUCTURED, TO ACHIEVE THE OUTCOMES THAT YOU WANT. SO THANK YOU. [APPLAUSE] >> WELL, THANK YOU. SO, I'M GOING TO BE TALKING BRIEFLY ABOUT AIRBORNE INFECTION TRANSMISSION. WE HEARD EARLIER ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF THAT DISEASE ON BUILDING ARCHITECTURE. BUT PARADOXICALLY AT THE SAME TIME THAT IT WAS HAVING AN INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURE IN A DIRECTION OF INCREASING AIR FLOW IN BUILDINGS, FOR EXAMPLE THE ORIGINAL JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL IN BALTIMORE HAD -- WAS DESIGNED TO HAVE A STRONG STACK EFFECT, TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF AIRBORNE BACTERIA. THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY WAS HIGHLY SKEPTICAL, BECAUSE AS SHOWN ON THE FIRST SLIDE IN THIS SESSION, THERE WAS THIS CONCEPT THAT GOING BACK TO ANCIENT TIMES, THAT IT WAS MIASMAS THAT CAUSED ILLNESS, DEBURNINGED BY GERM. JOHN SNOW TESTIFIED BY PARLIAMENT AIR POLLUTION DIDN'T MATTER BECAUSE HE HAD PROVEN ALL DISEASE WAS CAUSED BY WATERBORNE SOMETHINGS, GERMS. SO A LITTLE BIT OF INFORMATION CAN GO A LONG WAY TO MAKING BAD DECISIONS. THERE HAS BEEN SORT OF A DISCONNECT BETWEEN THE ARCHITECTURE AND INDOOR AIR COMMUNITY AND THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY ABOUT WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT HOW INFECTIONS ARE TRANSMITTED. IT WASN'T THAT IRONICALLY UNTIL THE '50s WHEN IT WAS FINALLY PROVEN TUBERCULOSIS WAS TRANSMITTED BY AIRBORNE BACTERIA AND NOT BY OTHER MEANS. AND YET THAT WAS WHEN THE ERA OF ANTIBIOTICS REALLY CAME TO THE FORE, AND NOBODY CARED ANYMORE. SO IN MY WORK WE'VE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH VIRUS PEOPLE SHED INTO THE AIR, AND WHAT IS THE ROLE PARTICULARLY IN INFLUENZA INFECTIONS OF AIRBORNE ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION. AND WE HAVE DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR SAMPLING'S PEOPLE'S BREATH. THEY CAN SIT IN A BOOT IN FRONT OF A CAPTURE HOOD. WE DON'T ASK THEM TO COUGH OR DO ANYTHING, OTHER THAN TO RECITE THE ALPHABET A FEW TIMES SO THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF SPEAKING. OTHERWISE THEY MIGHT BE SILENT. WE'VE HAD SOMEBODY FALL ASLEEP IN HERE ACTUALLY, BECAUSE IT'S NICE AND WARM AND HUMID. IF YOU'VE GOT THE FLU AND IT'S IN THE MIDDLE OF WINTER, IT'S KIND OF NICE. AND WHAT WE HAVE FOUND IS THAT PEOPLE SHED A LOT OF VIRUS. SO THIS IS WHAT WE GET FROM SWABBING THEIR NOSE, AND WE CAN GET GEOMETRIC MEAN OF 8 TIMES 10 TO THE 8th VIRUS COPY, BUT WHEN WE LOOK AT AEROSOL THEY ARE SHEDDING WE FIND THE AVERAGE CASE IS SHEDDING ABOUT 10,000 TO ALMOST 40,000, AND THERE ARE SOME PEOPLE AT THE UPPER END SHEDDING 10 TO THE 8th, OR 10 TO THE 7th VIRUS PARTICLES INTO THE AIR, EVERY HALF HOUR. AND WE ARE ABLE TO CULTURE THESE, AND WE FIND THAT THERE'S SOME PEOPLE WHO ARE SHEDDING UP TO A THOUSAND VIRUS COPIES PER HALF HOUR OF CULTURABLE VIRUS INTO THE AIR, AND ONE OF THE FUNNY THINGS WE FOUND IS THAT WE TALK ABOUT COUGHS AND SNEEZES SPREADING THE FLU BUT PEOPLE WITH FLU DON'T SNEEZE. THEY COUGH A LOT. BUT THEY VERY RARELY SNEEZE, PROBABLY NO MORE OFTEN THAN ANYBODY ELSE. AND WE FOUND THAT THERE IS ACTUALLY QUITE A DIFFERENT PATTERN OF VIRUS IN THE NOSE AND IN THE LUNG. WHEN WE DIG DOWN AND DO DEEP SEQUENCING OF THE VIRUSES. SO THAT IN FACT WHEN YOU BEGIN TO LOOK AT THE MINOR VARIANTS PRESENT IN THE LUNG, THAT THESE SNPs HERE, WE ACTUALLY SEE ALMOST NO OVERLAP BETWEEN THE SNPs IN THE NOSE AND SNPs IN THE LUNG, AND SLIGHT DIFFERENCES EVEN IN THE CONSENSUS SEQUENCE IN THE NOSE AND LUNG. SUCH THAT WE NOW MAY HAVE A MOLECULAR MARKER FOR WHETHER SOMEONE INFECTED YOU BY WHAT THEY HAD IN THE NOSE AND WHAT THEY WERE EXHALING IN THEIR BREATH. AND WITH THIS SORT OF APPROACH WE HOPE TO BE ABLE TO REALLY NAIL DOWN THIS ISSUE OF HOW ARE WE TRANSMITTING, IS IT FROM THE CLOUD OF VIRUSES THAT'S IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT OR CLOUD OF VIRUSES THAT HAS EVOLVED IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT. AND THERE'S BEEN A REAL INTEREST IN THIS PROBLEM, BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, THE CDC HAS -- STILL SAYS ON ITS WEBSITE IF YOU WASH YOUR HAND AND STAY BACK SIX FEET, YOU WON'T GET INFECTED. AND SO WITH CDC FUNDING WE PERFORMED A STUDY FIVE YEARS AGO WHERE WE INOCULATED PEOPLE WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS AND THEN HAD THEM SIT IN A ROOM FOR A FEW DAYS, WITH OTHER PEOPLE WHO WERE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE SAME VIRUS, PLAYING MONOPOLY AND TWISTER AND OTHER GAMES. AND IN THIS PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDY, INTERESTINGLY, WE GOT A 25% SECONDARY ATTACK RATE. SO, BUT THERE WERE NO CONTROLS HERE. EVERYBODY WAS UNPROTECTED. AND IT WAS DONE IN A SMALL HOTEL ROOM, ON THE PERIPHERY OF LONDON, WITH I SUSPECT -- THEY SAID THEY SEALED UP THE WINDOWS. THEY PROBABLY ONLY HAD A RECIRCULATING FAN COIL UNIT RUNNING IN THE ROOM FOR AIR CONDITIONING, I HEAR IT WAS A LITTLE STUFFY IN THERE. THEN I GOT INVOLVED IN THE STUDY. I SAID, WELL, WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS WORKS. AND WE WERE GOING TO DO A REPEAT OF THIS STUDY, WHERE WE HAD PEOPLE WEAR FACE SHIELDS AND WASH THEIR HANDS EVERY 15 MINUTES FOR HALF OF THE EXPOSED RECIPIENTS, THE OTHER HALF UNPROTECTED AS IN THE ORIGINAL STUDY. AND WE INSTRUMENTED THE ROOM, WE DID IT IN A CLINICAL RESEARCH FACILITY, WE COULD MONITOR THE AIR QUALITY, THE CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL, VENTILATION, TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, ROOM WAS WELL INSTRUMENTED, HALF OF THE RECIPIENTS WERE WEARING THESE FACE SHIELDS, WASHING THEIR HANDS EVERY 15 MINUTES. THE OTHER HALF WERE UNPROTECTED AND WE HAD A MONITOR IN THERE MAKING SURE EVERYBODY DID WHAT THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE DOING. WE GOT A 2 1/2% SECONDARY ATTACK RATE, IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT WE HAD MORE DONORS IN EACH ROOM, WE HAD THE EXPOSURE FOR FOUR DAYS INSTEAD OF TWO DAYS. WHAT WENT WRONG? WELL, WE MEASURED THE AMOUNT OF VIRUS BEING SHED IN THE AIR. WE MEASURED THE AMOUNT OF VIRUS IN THE NOSE. THESE PEOPLE ALTHOUGH NOT SHEDDING AS MUCH AS SYMPTOMATIC CASES, IN THE REAL WORLD, ON AVERAGE THOSE WHO WERE SHEDDING IN THE AIR, THERE WERE ABOUT 20% OF DONORS WERE SHEDDING INTO THE AIR, THEY SHED A LESS THAN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE LESS THAN WHAT WE SAW WITH PEOPLE WHO HAD FEVER AND LOTS OF VIRUS IN THEIR NOSE. BUT WE COULDN'T DETECT ANY VIRUS IN THE AIR, AS WITH USING A SAMPLE USED BY THE NATIONAL OCCUPATION OF HEALTH IN THE OUTPATIENT CLINICS AT WEST VIRGINIA MEDICAL CENTER, IN MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA, WHERE THEY FIND LOTS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE AIR DURING FLU SEASON. AND THERE WERE VERY FEW TRANSMISSIONS. IN FACT, THERE WAS JUST ONE THAT ACCOUNTS FOR THIS 2 1/2, AND THAT ONE PERSON WHO WAS INFECTED WAS SOMEONE WHO WAS WEARING A FACE SHIELD AND WASHING HANDS EVERY 15 MINUTES. THERE'S ABSOLUTELY NO EVIDENCE FLU IS TRANSMITTED BY DIRECT CONTACT OR LARGE DROPLET SPRAY. THE ONLY SOLID EVIDENCE, IT WAS TRANSMINT BY NUCLEI. THEY HAVE KNOWN IT A LONG TIME BUT THE WEBSITE REMAINS UNCHANGED. SO IS THAT? I THINK IT'S BECAUSE IT'S A CULTURAL THING. THIS, IN MEDICAL SCHOOL, I SPENT A LOT OF TIME SCRUBBING MY HANDS WITH A SCRUB NURSE GLARING AT ME TO MAKE SURE I DID IT RIGHT. AND ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE'S ORIGINAL SIN IS PUPERAL SEPSIS, OBSTETRICIANS WHO TRANSMITTED STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION FROM A WOMAN DYING OF SEPSIS TO A HEALTHY WOMAN GIVING BIRTH. WE HAVE IT BURNED INTO OUR SOULS THAT HAND WASHING IS IMPORTANT. AND INDEED IT IS VERY IMPORTANT. BUT IT BLINDS US TO WHEN IT'S NOT THE ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION. SO, WE HAVE BEEN DOING AN ONGOING STUDY IN THE COLLEGE RESIDENCE HALLS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, WHERE WE ARE STUDYING GROUPS OF STUDENTS, LIVING TOGETHER, IN A CLOSE KNIT COMMUNITY. AND WHEN PEOPLE GET SICK, WE SWAB THEM, AND ASSAY THEM WITH A MULTIPLEX ASSAY FOR 44 DIFFERENT INFECTIOUS AGENTS. WE TRACE THEIR CONTACTS BY CELL PHONE. AND WE ALSO SWAB THE CELL PHONE, AS THE FOMITE THAT EVERY FRESHAN CARRIES WITH THEM EVERYWHERE THEY GO. I MUST SAY SOME REVIEWERS WHEN WE TALKED ABOUT THIS IN ONE STUDY SECTION SAID, WELL, WHAT IF A COUPLE STUDENTS LEAVE THEIR PHONES IN THEIR ROOM AND GO HAVE SEX IN THE SHOWER. WELL, OKAY. SO SOMETIMES THEY DON'T CARRY THEM WITH THEM. BUT WE DRAW BLOOD FOR BIOMARKERS, AND IMMUNITY STUDIES. WE HAVE ANTIGEN ARRAYS THAT HAVE EVERY KNOWN INFLUENCE ANTIGEN AND WE'RE NOW ADDING OTHER INFECTIOUS AGENT ANTIGENS TO LOOK FOR IMMUNITY. WE MEASURE HOW MUCH THEY ARE SHEDDING INTO THE AIR. AND WE INSTRUMENT THE BEDROOMS, WITH CARBON DIOXIDE, TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY MONITORS TO MEASURE EXHALED BREATH IN THE ROOMS AND PEOPLE'S EXPOSURES, COMPARING DORM ROOMS EARLY IN THE SEMESTER BEFORE POORLY VENTILATED KIDS REALIZE THEY NEED TO OPEN THE WINDOWS AND THEN THEY GET SIMILAR. SO WE'RE IN THE PROCESS. I CAN TELL YOU THAT THE LOW VENTILATION BUILDING HAS A MUCH HIGHER ATTACK RATE BY ABOUT FIVE-FOLD COMPARED TO THE WELL-VENTILATED BUILDING, ACROSS ALL RESPIRATORY AGENTS, AND THAT WE HAVE SEEN MULTIPLE ALMOST 30 EPISODES OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ROOMMATES OR NEIGHBORS WITHIN THE LOW VENTILATION BUILDING SHARING THE SAME INFECTION, THE SAME WEEK. WE DON'T KNOW IF THEY ACTUALLY TRANSMITTED FROM ONE ANOTHER, WE HAVEN'T DONE THE SEQUENCING YET, BUT IT LOOKS LIKE THEY MIGHT HAVE. AND NO SUCH PAIRS IN THE WELL-VENTILATED BUILDING, WHICH SUGGESTS THAT THE AVERAGE -- ALL OF THESE KIDS HAD PRETTY MILD INFECTIONS. WHICH SUGGESTS THAT IF YOU HAVE A MILD FLU CASE, OR RSV OR SOME OTHER VIRUS, THAT YOU CAN TRANSMIT IT IF YOU'RE IN CLOSE QUARTERS, NO VENTILATION. BUT IF YOU'RE IN A BUILDING WITH EVEN HALF DECENT VENTILATION, IT'S HARD TO TRANSMIT. AND THAT SUGGESTS THAT BUILDINGS CAN BE AN IMPORTANT PART OF MAKING OUR COMMUNITIES RESILIENT AND RESISTANT TO THE IMPACTS OF PANDEMICS. I'M NOT SAYING IF YOUR ROOMMATE IS SHEDDING 10 TO THE 8th VIRUS PARTICLES IN AN HOUR YOU WOULD BE FREE FROM EXPOSURE UNLESS YOU'RE LIVING IN A WIND TUNNEL, BUT SO IT TAKES MORE THAN JUST THAT VENTILATION. BUT VENTILATION IS CLEARLY AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE PROBLEM. [APPLAUSE] >> SO WE STILL HAVE A SECOND GROUP OF PRESENTERS, SO FOR THIS FIRST Q&A SESSION I THINK WE CAN -- I WOULD RATHER TO GIVE THE TIME TO THE AUDIENCE. I THINK WE CAN TAKE TWO QUICK QUESTIONS, IF YOU WANT TO MAKE YOUR WAY TO THE MICROPHONE. ANY QUESTIONS FOR OUR SPEAKERS HERE? >> YES. >> PLEASE. >> OKAY. THANKS FOR YOUR PRESENTATION. MY NAME IS LEE YOUNG. NO MATTER WHAT THE TECHNOLOGY OR SCIENCE IMPROVEMENTS ALWAYS LACK OF ACROSS THE COUNTRY IN TERMS OF DATA, ALSO THE PERSONNEL, ACCOUNTABILITY, RELIABLE FOR PERFORMANCE, INSTEAD GOOD PERSONNEL, SO THE GOOD PERSONNEL WORK ENVIRONMENT MAY BE SO STRESSED AND MAYBE CAUSING DEATH, THE PROCESS IS SO BAD AND NOBODY CAN SPEAK UP. SO I THINK IN TERMS OF HEALTH WE MUST IMPROVE THIS KIND OF -- THIS ASPECT, AND THAT'S VERY SERIOUS. >> IS THERE A QUESTION, MY FRIEND? >> THAT'S MY QUESTION, HOW ARE YOU GOING TO STOP, IMPROVE THE MEASUREMENT OF DATA COLLECTIONS, AND PERFORMANCE OR IMPROVE THE REAL SCIENTIFIC RESULTS? >> I'M NOT SURE I UNDERSTAND THE POINT. >> HOW WILL YOU IMPROVE THE MEASUREMENT OF DATA AND THEIR RESULTS. >> SORRY. >> WHAT WOULD YOU SUGGEST WOULD BE SOME WAYS TO IMPROVE THE MEASUREMENT OF DATA? >> YEAH, ACTUALLY. YEAH, OBJECTIVITY IS IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU ANALYZE SOME HUMAN, LIKE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, WE'RE USING THE SURVEY AND ALSO SENSING MEASUREMENT, TWO WAYS. BUT THE THING IS THAT WE NEED TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF MEASUREMENT AND INCREASE THE NUMBER OF THE USER QUESTIONNAIRE SO THAT WE CAN GET THE MORE DATA SO THAT WE CAN MINIMIZE ANY NOISE EFFECTOR AND GET ROBUST STATISTICAL (INDISCERNIBLE) THOSE ARE KIND OF WAYS TO KEEP OBJECTIVENESS AND ALSO SIGNIFICANCE. >> THANK YOU. NEXT QUESTION PLEASE? >> MY NAME IS HENRY LEVINE, I'M A GUEST, NO TECHNICAL EXPERTISE BUT TWO QUESTIONS. ONE, IN CONNECTION WITH A HEALTHY BUILDING, THE ARCHITECT DESIGNS AND SO FORTH, YOU HAVE A GREEN-GREEN BUILDING, THEN THE CONDO BOARD DECIDES THE RESERVE IS LOW, AND THEY ARE APPROACHED BY A CELL TOWER COMPANY, THAT WILL GIVE THEM $30,000 TO PUT A CELL TOWER ON TOP OF THE CONDO BUILDING. WHAT LEVEL OF EDUCATION DOES AN ARCHITECT OR SOMEBODY ELSE WHO IS INVOLVED IN CREATING A BEAUTIFUL GREEN BUILDING, IN EDUCATING THE PEOPLE WHO HIRED THEM THAT, LOOK, THERE'S MORE TO THIS THAN JUST PUTTING UP THE BUILDING, YOU BETTER BE WARY OF PUTTING SOMETHING ON THE BUILDING THAT MIGHT CAUSE YOU CANCER. THAT'S THE FIRST QUESTION. IS THERE AN ANSWER TO THAT? >> TO SOME DEGREE IT'S TWO QUESTIONS. WHAT IS WHAT DOES IT TAKE OR HOW MUCH OF AN ARCHITECT'S JOB IS SPENT EDUCATING CLIENTS. I TELL CERTAINLY OUR STUDENTS IF THEY GO INTO ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GENERALLY THEY WILL SPEND A THIRD TO HALF THEIR CAREER EXPLAINING AND TALKING TO PEOPLE WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT TERM OR HERE'S THE THING YOU NEWED NEED TO THINK ABOUT. IT'S A HUGE ISSUE. WE HAD A GREAT EXAMPLE OF HAND WASHING AMONG DOCTORS. THE CERTAINTY WITH WHICH THAT -- THE TIME IT TOOK TO IDENTIFY THAT AS A PROBLEM WAS WHAT, DECADES? CENTURIES? IT THEN BECOMES A THING WHICH IS DEEPLY WRITTEN INTO MEDICAL CULTURE NOW AND GETS PASSED ON RIGOROUSLY, EVEN AS NEW INFORMATION IS COMING UP ABOUT OTHER FORMS OF CAUSATION THAT ALSO NEED TO BE PAID ATTENTION TO. SO I THINK THERE'S FOR THE ARCHITECT WHO IS WAY DOWN THE CHAIN HERE, IN TERMS OF MEDICAL EFFECTS, IT IS THE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY WITH WHICH SOMETHING CAN BE PUT INTO IDEALLY A REGULATION. REGULATION HAS THE MOST EFFECT, IF IT'S SIMPLY ADVICE OR CAUTIONS IT TENDS TO BE MUCH LESS ACTED UPON. AND JUST TO CITE THE SLIDE I FLASHED OF THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY, EVERY TECHNOLOGY HAS ITS TIME OF EVOLUTION. BUT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, WHICH IS VERY CONSERVATIVE, IT'S HUGELY EXPENSIVE, LOTS OF REASONS, GENERAL RULE OF THUMB, IT TAKE BETWEEN A DECADE AND 25 YEARS FOR A NEW PRACTICE OR IDEA TO WORK ITS WAY INTO COMMON USE. >> IF I MAY JUST COMMENT DIRECT LY ON THE CELL PHONE PORTION, SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE TELLS US WE SHOULD NOT HAVE CELL TOWERS WITHIN A QUARTER MIGHT HAVE MILE OF WHERE WE LIVE, WHERE CHILDREN WORK AND PLAY. FOR VULNERABLE SUBPOPULATIONS, FETUSES, CHILDREN, ELDERLY, THOSE WITH EXISTING HEALTH COMPROMISE, DISTANCE SHOULD BE AT LEAST HALF A MILE. SO FOR PEOPLE WHO OWN BUILDINGS, PLEASE DO NOT ALLOW THE INDUSTRY TO PUT CELL TOWER ANTENNAS ON YOUR ROOF AS A SOURCE OF REVENUE. >> WITH THAT STATEMENT I WANT TO KEEP US ON TRACK. I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE A ROUND OF APPLAUSE, WARM APPLAUSE, FOR OUR PANEL. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] IN ORDER TO KEEP US MOVING I DO WANT TO CALL OUT AS OUR SPEAKERS ARE EXITING THE STAGE, WE DO HAVE A TOUR SCHEDULED AT 2:30. SO I WOULD LIKE TO THEN ENSURE THAT SUSIE HAS TIME FOR SPEAKERS, I WILL BE TURNING TO THE STAGE AT 2:25 TO CONCLUDE THE SESSION. >> TAKE A STRETCH WHILE WE GET SETTLED IN. FATIGUE SETS? AFTER LUNCH WHERE THE EYES START GLAZING OVER. THIS IS AN EXCELLENT TALK, WE HOPE, AND IF YOU JUST NEED TO GET YOUR WIGGLES OUT, NOW IS A GOOD TIME. MARTIN, SO WE'LL DO DR. PALL, FRANK CLEGG, PETER SULLIVAN AND THEODOREA, AND REMOVE YOUR LANYARD FOR THE VISUAL. DR. MARTIN PALL, PROFESSOR EMERITUS AT WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, HE'S NOW RETIRED FROM A PAYCHECK, BUT HE IS VERY MUCH ENGAGED IN HIS RESEARCH STILL. SO THANK YOU, DR. PALL. >> GIVE ME ONE MINUTE WARNING PLEASE. >> OKAY. >> OH, HERE. SORRY ABOUT THAT. >> LET ME JUST SAY ON MY -- I SUBMITTED ON THE SITE NOT ONLY MY SLIDES BUT ALSO A 90-PAGE DOCUMENT THAT HAS DOCUMENTATION ON EVERYTHING I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT. SO I WON'T GIVE YOU ANY DOCUMENTATION WHATSOEVER HERE. WE DON'T HAVE TIME FOR IT, I'M SORRY. THE CURRENT U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDELINES, MY POINTER, ARE BASED ONLY ON THERMAL EFFECTS. BUT THERE ARE MANY NON-THERMAL EFFECTS THAT OCCUR AT LEVELS, ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOWER THAN THOSE ALLOWED BY THESE GUIDELINES. SO THE GUIDELINES ARE ALMOST TOTALLY IRRELEVANT TO THE ACTUAL HEALTH EFFECTS. AND SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO HERE IS TALK ABOUT INITIALLY EIGHT THINGS THAT ARE EXTENSIVELY DOCUMENTED, AND BASED ON LARGE NUMBERS OF REVIEW ARTICLES THAT HAVE BEEN WRITTEN. OKAY? AND FIRST ONE I'LL TALK ABOUT IS LOWERED FERTILITY, THERE ARE A WHOLE BUNCH OF MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PRODUCER LOWER FERTILITY. AND AS I'LL SAY LATER, WE'RE IN TERRIBLE TROUBLE ON THIS. WE'RE ALREADY SEEING HUGE EFFECTS IN HUMAN POPULATIONS. THERE ARE ALSO NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS, BASED ON 25 REVIEWS. IF YOU LOOK AT THESE THINGS, IF YOU HAVE TIME TO READ THEM, YOU'LL SEE THEY INCLUDE ALL THE THINGS THAT ALMOST EVERYBODY IS COMPLAINING ABOUT NOWADAYS, AND WE KNOW THOSE ARE CAUSED BY EMF EXPOSURES BASED ON MANY, MANY DIFFERENT REVIEWS. WE'RE ALREADY IN GREAT TROUBLE IN THESE. THERE ARE ALSO CELLULAR DNA DAMAGE, OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES. BASED ON 21 REVIEWS. AND THESE ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR CAUSING BOTH CANCER AND FOR CAUSING GERMLINE MUTATIONS. I THINK WE'RE PROBABLY IN GREAT TROUBLE ON THOSE AS WELL. WE HAVE HIGH LEVELS FOLLOWING EXPOSURES OF APOPTOSIS, PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH BASED ON 13 REVIEWS, IMPORTANT FOR THESE REASONS. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND FREE RADICAL DAMAGE BASED ON 19 REVIEWS. THESE ARE ARE EXTENSIVELY DOCUMENTED. THERE'S STILL OTHER THINGS GOING ON HERE. OOPS. OKAY. YOU GET ENDOCRINE EFFECTS. A LARGE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT ENDOCRINE EFFECTS. AS FAR AS I CAN TELL, EVERY SINGLE HORMONE SYSTEM IN THE BODY IS IMPACTED. AND THERE ARE 12 REVIEWS REGARDING HORMONAL EFFECTS. YOU GET EXCESSIVE INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM, THE CAUSE OF ALMOST ANYTHING I'LL TALK ABOUT, UNDERLYING CAUSE BEHIND EVERYTHING ELSE. THERE'S CANCER. 35 REVIEWS ON CANCER CAUSATION BY EMFs. AND IT INCLUDES EVERYTHING THAT GOES ON IN THE WHOLE PROCESS OF CARCINOGENESIS. NOW, PULSE EMS IN MOST CASES MORE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE THAN NON-PULSED OR CONTINUOUS WAVE EMFs, AND THAT'S BEEN SHOWN IN 13 DIFFERENT REVIEWS. BECAUSE ALL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES COMMUNICATE VIA PULSATIONS, THEY ARE POTENTIALLY, AND I BELIEVE ACTUALLY MUCH MORE DANGEROUS. SO THAT'S OBVIOUSLY A MAJOR ISSUE. SO, THERE ARE SEVERAL OTHER EFFECTS FOR WHICH THERE IS STRONG EVIDENCE BUT NOT THE KIND OF OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE THAT WE TALKED ABOUT BEFORE. CARDIAC EFFECTS THAT AFFECT ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF THE HEART. THEY ARE LIFE-THREATENING. THERE'S ALSO EVIDENCE FOR VERY EARLY ONSET ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER DEMENTIAS, AND THOSE ARE OBVIOUSLY VERY CONSEQUENTIAL. WE ALSO GET ADHD AND AUTISM, APPARENTLY CAUSED BY LATE PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL EMF EXPOSURES. IT'S MY OPINION THAT THESE ARE CAUSED BY THE EFFECTS OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYNAPSES DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN. SO, HOW DOES ALL THIS WORK? THIS IS MY OWN WORK. EMFs ACT PRIMARILY BY ACTIVATION OF WHAT ARE CALLED VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS, I ABBREVIATE THOSE VGCCs, CHANNELS THAT ARE IN THE PLASMA, PLASMA MEMBRANE SURROUNDING ALL OUR CELLS. WHEN ACTIVATED, THEY OPEN UP AND YOU GET EXCESSIVE CALCIUM FLOWING INTO THE CELL, AND IT'S THE EXCESS CALCIUM IN THE CELL THAT'S RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST IF NOT ALL OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. SO THERE'S SEVERAL PATHWAYS BY WHICH THIS EXCESSIVE CALCIUM HERE WORK. AND ONE OF THEM IS YOU GET A HIGH LEVELS OF NITRIC OXIDE AND SUPEROXIDE FORMING PROXY NITRATE, POTENT OXIDANT, BREAKS DOWN TO FORM REACTIVE FREE RADICALS, PRODUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION VIA NF-kappaB ACTIVATION, ALL INVOLVED IN PRODUCING PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS. YOU GET EFFECT THROUGH EXCESSIVE CALCIUM SIGNALING, VERY IMPORTANT IN THE CELLS OF OUR BODIES. AND WHEN YOU GET TOO MUCH MUCH IT YOU GET PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. THERE'S ANOTHER WAY IN WHICH THESE CALCIUM WORKS, WHEN YOU GET EXCESSIVE NITRIC OXIDE, CAN BIND THE CYTOCHROMES, PRODUCING SOME RESPONSES. NITRIC OXIDE ALSO WORKS VIA NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALING PATHWAY. THAT PRODUCES THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS. THERE ARE GENUINE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF THESE EMFs, AND THAT'S THE PRIMARY MECHANISM BY WHICH THEY WORK. SO, IT'S IMPORTANT TO -- HMM? ABOUT A MINUTE? OKAY. THERE ARE FOUR REASONS WHY EMFs ARE MORE ACTIVE IN CHILDREN THAN ADULTS. CHILDREN HAVE MUCH HIGHER SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO, HIGH DENSITY TO STEM CELL WHICH ARE SENSITIVE TO EMFs, DEVELOPING BRAINS OF CHILDRN SEEM TO BE ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO EMFs, AND TISSUES IN THE CHILDREN HAVE HIGHER WATER CONTENT AND THAT ALSO IS IMPORTANT IN INCREASING SENSITIVITY. FOR THESE REASONS, THINGS LIKE WI-FI AND CELL PHONE TOWER RADIATION IN SCHOOLS SHOULD BE A MAJOR CONCERN. OKAY. SEVERAL OF THESE EFFECTS, I'LL GO THROUGH THESE QUICKLY, SHOW CUMULATIVE AND EVENTUALLY IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS. AND SO WHAT THAT MEANS IS BASICALLY THE SAME EXPOSURES PRODUCE MORE AND MORE SEVERE EFFECTS, AND THEY BECOME IRREVERSIBLE WITH TIME, AND SO WHEN HAVE YOU THAT KIND OF SITUATION OBVIOUSLY YOU'RE IN GREAT TROUBLE. I THINK WE'RE ALREADY VERY FAR ALONG, IN TERMS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS, NEUROLOGICAL TO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS, AND PROBABLY ALSO THE GERMLINE MUTATIONAL EFFECTS. THESE EACH PRODUCE EXISTENTIAL THREATS TO OUR SURVIVAL. NOW, LET'S TALK ABOUT 5G, MY LAST SLIDE. 5G WILL ENTAIL THE USE OF MUCH HIGHER FREQUENCIES AND PULSATIONS THAN OUR CURRENT MICROWAVE DEVICES, MUCH HIGHER PULSATIONS ALLOW 5G TO CARRY MUCH MORE INFORMATION. BUT BASICALLY BECAUSE OF THESE HIGH FREQUENCIES, AND HIGH PULSATIONS, THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, I PREDICT, WILL BE MUCH, MUCH GREATER BECAUSE OF THE ACTIVATION OF THE VGCCs. THE OTHER PROBLEM WITH 5G, THEY ARE PLANNING TO PUT OUT TENS OF MILLIONS OF THESE ANTENNAE ALL OVER THE PLACE, ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO AVOID EXPOSURE. THE REASON, MAYBE SOMEBODY ELSE CAN DISCUSS, I DON'T SEEM TO HAVE TIME TO DO THAT. LET ME SAY THE CURRENT PLAN WHICH IS ALREADY APPROVED BY THE U.S. CONGRESS AND THE FCC IS TO PUT OUT TENS OF MILLIONS OF THESE 5G ANTENNAE IRRADIATING EVERY PERSON IN THE COUNTRY WITHOUT TESTING. IN MY JUDGMENT, INSANE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] >> FRANK CLEGG, I SPENT MY CAREER IN THE TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY. I'M IN MY FIFTH DECADE, THAT MEANS I'M OLD, I HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE. I SEE TREMENDOUS BENEFITS TECHNOLOGY CAN PROVIDE IF IT'S IMPLEMENTED CORRECTLY. I CAN ALSO SEE THE HARM IF NOT USED PROPERLY CAN CAUSE DAMAGE. THE WAY WE'RE IMPROVE IMPLEMENTING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IS NOT SAFE. I WAS A CO-FOUNDER FIVE YEARS AGO OF CANADIANS FOR SAFE TECHNOLOGY, RAISING AWARENESS EDUCATING PARENTS, TEACHERS, ARCHITECTS. LAST YEAR I JOINED THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST, BUSINESS ADVISORY BOARD, FOR THE SAME REASON TO HELP ADVOCACY HERE IN THE U.S. MARKET AND ALSO BECAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST IS VERY UNIQUE IN THAT THEY ALSO DO ADVOCACY AND EDUCATION AND AWARENESS BUT ALSO PROVIDE FUNDING AND ARE VERY INVOLVED WITH CARRYING ON RESEARCH IN THIS VERY IMPORTANT AREA. FORTUNATELY, IN NORTH AMERICA, WE'RE VERY, VERY BEHIND SOME OTHER COUNTRIES LEADING IN THIS ISSUE. CHINA, RUSSIA, ITALY AND SWITZERLAND HAVE GUIDELINES 100 TIMES SAFER THAN OURS IN NORTH AMERICA. IN FRANCE, FORMAL LEGISLATION HAS BEEN PASSED REQUIRING CELL PHONE COMPANIES TO EDUCATE PEOPLE ON HOW TO USE CELL PHONES WITH SPEAKER MODE OR EARBUDS TO PROTECT THEM. THEY HAVE BEEN VERY AGGRESSIVE WITH PROTECTING CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS, LOWER LEVEL SCHOOLS THEY BANNED WI-FI, INTERMEDIATE PUTTING LIMITATIONS ON WHERE THE WI-FI ROUTERS CAN BE IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT. FOURS YEARS AGO IT BECAME ILLEGAL TO MARKET CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY TO CHILDREN UNDER 7 YEARS OF AGE. NOW IN NORTH AMERICA WE GET THERE EVENTUALLY, MAY TAKE DECADES. OUR CONCERN IS SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE UNNECESSARILY BEING HARMED UNTIL OUR GOVERNMENTS CATCH UP AND PUT MORE STRICTER REGULATION IN. SO THINGS LIKE ASBESTOS, THALIDOMIDE, BPA, WE EVENTUALLY GET THERE, IN SOME CASES IT WILL TAKE TWO OR THREE DECADES. IN THE U.S. FCC ISSUED GUIDELINES THE INDUSTRY HAS TO FOLLOW. DR. PALL MENTIONED THEY HAVE NOT BEEN UPDATED IN 20 YEARS, AND THEY ARE RELYING ON SCIENCE THAT'S 30 YEARS OLD. THERE HAS NOT BEEN A COMPLETE THOROUGH SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN EITHER CANADA OR U.S. PROPERLY OF THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE THAT ABSOLUTELY SHOWS HARM TO INDIVIDUALS FROM WIRELESS RADIATION, WE'RE STUCK IN THIS OLD THEORY IF TISSUE DOESN'T GET HEATED, IT DOESN'T HARM. AND WE HAVE CATEGORIC RESEARCH THAT SHOWS THERE IS HARM TO HUMANS WITHOUT HEATING TISSUE. MY SPECIAL CONCERN WITH TWO GRANDCHILDREN TO FOCUS ON CHILDREN. DR. PALL MENTIONED CHILDREN'S BRAINS ABSORB MORE WATER, THEREFORE THEY HOLD RADIATION LONGER. THEIR SKULLS ARE THINNER. RESEARCH HAS GONE BACK TO THE 1980s SHOWING AVERAGE CELL PHONE RADIATION MAY PENETRATE AN ADULT'S BRAIN 10%, 70% OF A CHILD'S BRAIN. IT'S IN THE BODY, AND ALSO STAYS THERE. OTHER PEER REVIEWED PUBLISHED EVIDENCE SHOWING IF YOU START USING A CELL PHONE UNDER 20 YEARS OF AGE THERE'S A FIVE-FOLD INCREASE IN YOUR RISK OF GETTING BRAIN CANCER. WE'VE DONE WORK WITH LOCAL SCHOOL, I'M PARTICULARLY ALSO CONCERNED AS WE'RE RADIATING CHILDREN FROM THE TIME THEY ARE IN A CLASSROOM UNTIL THEY GO HOME AT NIGHT UNNECESSARILY. DOWNLOAD THE DATA, WORK OFFLINE, BUT THERE'S NO DISCUSSION IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ABOUT DOING IT, IN A MORE SAFER WAY. WE WORK WITH LOCAL SCHOOLS, REDUCING RADIATION LEVEL BY 90% BY DIALING DOWN ROUTERS AND REPORTIONS THEM IN THE CLASSROOM AND SCHOOL AREA, STUDENTS STILL HAVE 100% ACCESS TO CURRICULA THEY NEED ON THE INTERNET. FROM THE BUSINESS STANDPOINT, INSURANCE COMPANIES LIVE AND DIE BY THEIR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY RISK AND MITIGATE RISK, AND REDUCE RISK TO THEIR ORGANIZATION. YOU CAN SEE BACK IN THE 1990s, INSURANCE COMPANIES WERE DISTANCING THEMSELVES FROM THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH WIRELESS RADIATION. TWO LEADING ORGANIZATIONS, LLOYD'S OF LONDON AND SWISS RAY, MADE PUBLIC STATEMENTS TALKING ABOUT THE POTENTIAL RISK, UNIDENTIFIED POTENTIAL RISK FROM HUMAN HARM THAT THEY ARE ADVISING THEIR CLIENTS TO STEP AWAY FROM INSURING COMPANIES FROM THIS POTENTIAL HARM. ALSO FROM THE BUSINESS STANDPOINT, DR. SHACKLEY, SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE, LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY, ALSO PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, ISSUED A PAPER EARLY THISSIER THAT CHALLENGES THE BUSINESS PHILOSOPHY AND BUSINESS CASE AROUND WIRELESS DEVICE. IN HIS OPINION, IT'S BEEN PROVEN WIRED SOLUTIONS ARE FASTER, MORE SECURE, PROTECT OUR PRIVACY BETTER, ARE MORE RELIABLE, AND FROM A SUSTAINABILITY STANDPOINT THE THING HE CHALLENGES IS THIS CONTINUAL BUSINESS MODEL WHERE THE INDUSTRY, MY INDUSTRY, HAS TO CONTINUE TO UPGRADE, THAT'S THE WAY THEY FEED REVENUE, ALSO BECAUSE OF THE TECHNOLOGY. IF YOU PUT IN A FIBER CABLE NETWORK, IT IS STATIONARY, YOU DON'T HAVE TO CHANGE THAT, NO MATTER WHERE HAPPENS WITH TECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE. I'M EMBARRASSED AND DISAPPOINTED WITH THE BEHAVIOR OF MY INDUSTRY, EVERY WIRELESS DEVICE HAS SOME SORT OF WARNING, WHETHER IT'S BURIED EIGHT LAYERS IN THE iPHONE, OR PAGE 132 IN THE USER MANUAL, WE'RE LEGALLY PROTECTED BECAUSE WE TOLD YOU THERE'S A RISK THAT HOLDING THE DEVICE TO YOUR BODY, WHETHER IN YOUR POCKET, WHETHER YOU HOLD IT TO YOUR HEAD, OR WHETHER YOU STICK IT IN YOUR BRA, IT WILL BREAK FCC GUIDELINES. CANADA'S MARKETPLACE, WHICH IS "60 MINUTES" CANADA, 80% SAID THEY NEVER SAW THE WARNING, 2/3 ADMIT THEY HELD THE CELL PHONE TO THE BODY, THAT GOES FOR BABY MONITORS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE. I BELIEVE MY INDUSTRY HAS LOST THE TRUST THAT WE'VE GIVEN TO IT. THERE'S NO DOUBT IN MY MIND THE THE LAISSEZ-FAIRE APPROACH SAYS PEOPLE WILL FIND NO APPS, NEW DESIGNS, NEW USES, HAS BEEN VERY BENEFICIAL. I SUBMIT WE HAVE NO IDEA THE TRUE COST ASSOCIATED WITH LETTING THIS TECHNOLOGY GO UNCHECKED AND UNREGULATED OR UNMONITORED. SEEMS LIKE EVERY WEEK OR SO THERE'S A NEW ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT SOMEBODY BREACHING AND LOSING FINANCIAL DATA, PERSONAL DATA. WE'RE STILL FINDING OUT ABOUT THE FACEBOOK ISSUE, WHERE OVER 80 MILLION PEOPLE'S INFORMATION WAS COMPROMISED. AM I DONE? OKAY. I'M GOING TO STOP RIGHT NOW. MAN, SIX MINUTES IS FAST. SO, YAHOO GOT CAUGHT, HALF A BILLION USERS HAD A SECURITY BREACH. THEY WAITED TWO YEARS TO TELL THE MARKET AND $35 MILLION FINE. THAT WILL NOT CHANGE BEHAVIOR. IN CONCLUSION I'M CHALLENGING AND ENCOURAGING MY INDUSTRY TO STEP UP AND DO THIS, REGULATE AND SELF MONITOR AND SELF EVALUATE THIS TECHNOLOGY. I THINK THE DAYS ARE GONE WHERE WE THROW TECHNOLOGY OUT THERE, AS DR. PALL MENTIONED, 5G IS THE NEXT ONE, AND HOPE IT'S SAFE AND DOESN'T HURT PEOPLE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] >> JUST ONE SECOND. FOLKS, I KNOW SOME OF US ARE GOING TO GO ON THE TOUR AND IN ORDER TO KEEP EVERYTHING ON TRACK, INCLUDING THE BUS, FOR THE FOLKS THAT REGISTERED OR ARE INTERESTED IN GOING TO THE TOUR, PLEASE JOIN ME UPSTAIRS AT THE TOP OF THE MEZZANINE, WHERE I WILL MEET EVERYONE WHO IS GOING TO THE TOUR. FOR THE REST STAYING, PLEASE ENJOY THE NEXT ROUND OF SPEAKERS AND THEN AFTER THE SPEAKERS CONCLUDE WE'LL HAVE A GUIDED MOVEMENT SESSION, AND TRANSITION TO THE BREAKOUTS. I HAVE TO TAKE OFF BECAUSE OF THE TOUR. IT'S ALL GOOD. >> PETER SULLIVAN. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? WE'LL TALK ABOUT REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHY -- TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTHY BUILDINGS. WE BASICALLY EVOLVED IN THE EARTH'S NATURAL MAGNETIC FIELD, UNLESS YOU'RE AN ASTRONAUT YOU'VE BEEN IN THIS THE WHOLE TIME. THE EARTH HAS A NATURAL FIELD THAT VARIES SLIGHTLY BASED ON LIGHTNING STRIKES. AND THE EARTH, AS WE GET EXPOSED TO NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION FROM THE BIG BANG ACTUALLY, BUT NOW THOUGH OUR BUILT ENVIRONMENTS HAVE MAGNETIC FIELDS, AND ELECTRIC FIELDS, DIRTY ELECTRICAL NOISE, VARIATIONS IN THESE FIELDS, HARMONICS, AND A LOT OF WIRELESS EXPOSURE. AND THESE ARE DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT IN DEGREE AND FREQUENCY, AND THEY ARE CONSTANTLY ON, MOVING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS THAN WHAT WE'RE NATURALLY EXPOSED TO. SO BASICALLY WE'VE GOT FOUR THINGS WE WERE STARTING TO MEASURE, MAGNETIC FIELDS, ELECTRIC FIELDS, DIRTY ELECTRICITY OR POWER QUALITY, WE'LL TALK ABOUT, AND WIRELESS. BECAUSE THE MAGNETIC FIELDS, ELECTRIC FIELDS, POWER WIRELESS RADIATION ARE STARTING TO HAVE STANDARDS AROUND THOSE. THEY ARE CONFLICTING. BUT POWER QUALITY IS SOMETHING THAT DR. SAM MILLHAM WROTE A BOOK ABOUT, "DIRTY ELECTRICITY." ONE THE FACTORS IN A LIKELY HAS THE MOST IMPACT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. IF YOU HAVE A LOT OF NOISE IN YOUR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, YOU MAY HEAR LOWER AUDIO QUALITY, IF YOU'RE AN AUDIOPHILE, LOWER VIDEO QUALITY. YOU MAY HEAR AMBIENT NOISE, BUZZING AND HUMMING. WE'VE ALL BEEN IN THOSE BUILDINGS, WITH THE BUZZING, THE HUMMING, HARSH REFRIGERATOR NOISES? YEAH. YOU MAY HAVE VIBRATIONS, A LOT OF ELECTRICAL FREQUENCIES MAY BECOME VIBRATIONAL WHEN THEY WORK WITH MOTORS AND TRANSFORMERS. YOU MAY SEE LIGHT FLICKER, THE QUALITY OF YOUR LIGHT MAY CHANGE. YOU MAY HAVE IMPACT OF AIR IONS, A LOT OF FIELD EFFECTS CAN MOVE CHARGED PARTICLES IN THE AIR. YOU MAY HAVE IMPACT OF THERMAL COMFORT, SO A LOT OF FREQUENCIES IT CAN RIDE ON YOUR POWER IN YOUR BUILDING CAN BE MICROWAVE BAND FREQUENCIES. WE INTRODUCE SOME MITIGATION, SOME PEOPLE IMMEDIATELY FEEL COOLER WHEN WE START FILTERING OUT SOME MICROWAVE BAND FREQUENCIES, ESSENTIALLY NOTHING IS STOPPING OUR BUILDINGS FROM BECOMING MICROWAVES. THINK ABOUT THAT. AND SO AN ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY AND COST, SOME NOISES AGAIN CHANGE THE POWER FACTOR, AND IMPACT THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTRICAL WHICH IS A BIG CONCERN. AND, AGAIN, IT ALSO CAN IMPACT JUST THE STEALTH SENSE OF BEING IN THE BUILDING. A LOT OF HIGH FREQUENCY NOISES CREATE ANXIETY, CREATE A TENSION AND STRESS IN PEOPLE THAT YOU MAY THINK IT'S THE BUZZING LIGHTS, BUT IT MAY BE EXPOSURE OF FIELD EFFECTS, IT'S NUANCED AND SUBTLE. 95% OF PEOPLE CAN FEEL THESE EFFECTS, MAYBE 3% CAN'T FEEL THEM IN SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENTS. SO ALMOST EVERYONE ASSUMED THE STUFF WAS SAFE, I WAS IN SILICON VALLEY, I HAD EVERYTHING FIRST, IF NOT WAS DESIGNING IT MYSELF. WE MADE FALSE ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT SAFETY, INCLUDING MYSELF. I WAS DOING EVERYTHING TO BE HEALTHY, EATING WELL, DETOXING FROM CHEMICAL TOXINS. I WAS EXERCISING. I WAS LIVING IN A HEALTHY BUILDING. YET I STOPPED SLEEPING WELL, I LOST A LOT OF WEIGHT. THIS IS A PHOTO OF ME AT 130 POUNDS, IN 2009, I WAS 131 POUNDS, 30 POUNDS LIGHTER THAN NOW, NOT SLEEPING WELL, CRACKED A COUPLE TEETH, I WAS EXPOSED TO MULTIPLE THINGS. SEVERAL PEOPLE IN THE ROOM HAVE GONE THROUGH THIS, IF NOT WORSE. AND THE FINAL THING, BECAUSE I TRAINED EARLY IN MY CAREER AS A TROUBLESHOOTER, I WAS SYSTEMATICALLY GO GOING THROUGH EVERYTHING AND LUCKILY FOUND DR. MILLHAM'S BOOK, DIRTY ELECTRICITY, TURNED THE CORNER, GAINED TEN POUNDS IN THE NEXT MONTH AND HAVE BEEN HEALTHIER SINCE THEN. IT SOUNDS STRESSFUL AND INTENSE, A LOT OF THINGS TO LOOK AT AND DO, BUT I'LL GIVE YOU THE ADAGE THAT AWARENESS IS MORE THAN HALF THE BATTLE. IF YOU'RE AWARE OF THE TOPIC YOU'RE MORE THAN HALFWAY THERE. YOU WON'T BE BLIND LIKE I WAS FOR DECADES WORKING IN THIS AND SUFFERING TRYING TO FIX OTHER THINGS AND DOING EVERYTHING BACKWARDS. SO, I WOULD SAY TAKE THE TIME TO EDUCATE YOURSELF. THERE ARE A LOT OF GOOD RESOURCES OUT THERE. START TURNING THINGS OFF AND MOVING AWAY FROM THINGS. OBVIOUSLY TURNING THINGS OFF DISTANCES YOUR FRIEND, EVERYTHING YOU DOUBLE THE DISTANCE, YOU REDUCE EXPOSURE BY 75% FOR WIRELESS. BECAUSE IT DROPS OFF EXPONENTIALLY. START LOOKING FOR SAFER SOLUTIONS LIKE ECO-WI-FI OR HARD WIRED SYSTEMS. SO WHAT CAN WE DO FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS GOING FORWARD? WE NEED PRE-MARKET TESTING INSTEAD OF MAKING ASSUMPTIONS. WE SHOULDN'T HAVE FDA DEVICES GOING THROUGH RIGOROUS TESTING FOR FIVE-MINUTE EXPOSURE WHEN BUILDINGS ARE GIVING EXPOSURE. IT'S THE WILD WEST. WORK TO SAFE SOLUTION, SAFE TECHNOLOGY, FRANK CLEGG PIONEERED THIS. WE LOVE CARS, THEY CAN BE DANGEROUS BUT LET'S MAKE THEM SAFE. AT LEAST AT THE BEGINNING, MEASURING THINGS, AND MITIGATING THEM. JUST COMPARING THEM TO THE NATURAL STANDARD WHICH IS OUR BACKGROUND NATURAL RADIATION LEVELS. AND FOR POWER WHEN WE -- IT'S NOT JUST WIRELES RADIATION BUT WHEN WE PLUG DEVICES IN THEY CAN CREATE NOISE ON ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE ENTIRE BUILDING. AND THEN THOSE MAGNETIC FIELDS GO THROUGH YOUR BODY LIKE AN MRI MACHINE. CONSTANTLY. I FOUND THESE IMPACTS CAN BE MUCH MORE DRAMATIC THAN EVEN THE AIR QUALITY WORK AND MOLD WORK WE'VE YOU AN DULL. THEY CAN HAPPEN IN SECONDS BY PULLING A PLUG. WE NEED TO OBVIOUSLY WORK TOWARDS NO HEALTH EFFECTS. AND HOW CAN WE DO THIS IN A SIMPLE AND SAFE WAY THAT'S TRUSTWORTHY BECAUSE WE HAVE SO MANY HEALTH EFFECTS, THE NAVY BACK IN 1972 FOUND 140-SOME HEALTH EFFECTS, EVEN BACK THEN, HOW DO YOU QUICKLY AND SIMPLY TEST THIS STUFF IN A WAY PEOPLE CAN TRUST? SO I THINK THAT'S IT. [APPLAUSE] >> RIGHT ON TIME. >> I'M THEODORA SKARATO, I'M THANKFUL TO BE HERE TODAY AND SPEAK AFTER THIS GREAT INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND HEALTH. I WANT TO TALK ABOUT SOLUTIONS IN PLACE, REPORTS MADE, WITH A FOCUS ON SCHOOLS. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST IS A SCIENTIFIC THINK TANK, WE PUBLISH RESEARCH, PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS AND ALSO GIVE BRIEFINGS TO POLICYMAKERS AND GOVERNMENTS AROUND THE WORLD. THIS IS A PICTURE OF ST. AUGUSTINE SCHOOL, I BELIEVE IN 2015. WHEN THEY CEREMONIOUSLY REMOVED THE WI-FI ROUTER. AND THERE ARE THE PARENTS LOOKING ON, THERE'S A LARGE NEWS ARTICLE ON THIS, THAT YOU CAN GO ONLINE AND READ ABOUT. THIS IS HAPPENING ALL OVER THE WORLD, WHERE WITHIN INDIVIDUAL SCHOOLS, OR GOVERNMENTS, ARE MAKING CHANGES IN SCHOOLS, BECAUSE OF COURSE CHILDREN SPEND MAJORITY OF THEIR TIME WHEN THEY ARE NOT AT HOME, IN SCHOOLS. IT'S AN IMPORTANT AREA TO FOCUS ON FOR CHILDREN'S HEALTH. THIS IS A PICTURE FROM A VIDEO, EXTOLLING THE VIRTUES OF BRINGING WI-FI DEVICES INTO THE CLASSROOM. IT'S BALTIMORE COUNTY SCHOOL WEBSITE. I'LL NOTE THE UNHEALTHY POSTURES OF THE CHILDREN, AS WELL AS EYES CLOSE TO DEVICES. BECAUSE WE'RE BRINGING ALL -- SPENDING BILLIONS TO BRING DEVICES IN BUT HAVEN'T BUILT THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN A SAFE WAY FOR CHILDREN TO ACCESS THIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE SAFEST AND HEALTHIEST WAY POSSIBLE. THIS IS ANOTHER PICTURE WITH CHILDREN SITTING ON BEAN BAGS WITH DEVICES ON THEIR LAPS. AND AS WAS MENTIONED BEFORE, ALL WIRELESS DEVICES HAVE FINE PRINT WARNINGS THAT RECOMMEND, THAT TALK ABOUT RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION EXPOSURES, AND HOW NOT TO EXCEED OUR GOVERNMENT LIMITS. GOVERNMENT LIMITS WHICH ARE OUTDATED, AND 20 YEARS OLD, BASED ON 30-YEAR-OLD SCIENCE. THIS IS SOME SCIENTIFIC IMAGING DONE BY EHT AND SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES OF BRAZIL SHOWING PENETRATION INTO THE TISSUE OF A BODY OF A MAN FROM A WI-FI LAP TOP ON THE LAP. USUALLY WI-FI LAP TOPS SAY, MY PC SAYS, IT SHOULD BE KEPT AT A DISTANCE FROM 20 CENTIMETERS FROM THE BODY, WHICH IS ABOUT 8 INCHES, YET MOST PEOPLE ARE NOT AWARE OF THAT. IT'S HIDDEN DEEP IN THE MANUALS OR OPERATING SYSTEMS. AND THERE ARE ACTUALLY SOME SCHOOLS WHERE THEY ARE STARTING TO ENSURE PARENTS AND TEACHERS HAVE ACCESS BECAUSE OF LIABILITY ISSUE. TAKE A LOOK AT THE PICTURE. I'M SORRY, THERE'S AN ANIMATION ONLINE, WE HAVE A YouTube PLAY LIST WHERE THE SCIENTIST IS EXPLAINING THIS WORK, AND I CLIPPED THIS BECAUSE WE'RE USING A PDF, SO THE SCALE IS TEN VOLTS PER METER BUT IF YOU LOOK AT THE YELLOW, THAT'S THE HIGHEST RATE OF ABSORPTION INTO THE BODY, THEN IT GOES TO ORANGE, TO RED, TO PURPLE TO BLUE. SO, WHERE A DEVICE IS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF WHAT EXPOSURES YOU GET. AND I'M THANKFUL THAT I HAVE BEEN SPEARHEADING THIS ISSUE WITH THE CHILDREN'S ADVISORY COUNCIL, THE CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PROTECTION ADVISORY COUNCIL OF MARYLAND. AND THIS IS THE FIRST STATE BODY TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS ON ADDRESSING WI-FI IN SCHOOLS. SO THEY ISSUED A REPORT IN 2017, THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SHOULD CONSIDER USING WIRED DEVICES, AND MOST IMPORTANTLY TO ALL THE ARCHITECTS AND BUILDING FOLKS IN DESIGN, WHEN YOU'RE DOING A NEW BUILD, WHEN YOU'RE MODERNIZING, THAT IS THE BEST TIME TO PUT IN THE WIRES, SO YOU CAN ACCESS THE INTERNET AND CONNECT YOUR COMPUTERS, SO FOR EXAMPLE IF I WERE BUILDING THIS AUDITORIUM, YOU COULD ACTUALLY RUN WIRES UNDERNEATH SO THAT EACH OF THESE DESKS HAD A PLACE YOU COULD JUST PLUG IN YOUR COMPUTER, RATHER THAN USING WI-FI. I'M THANKFUL THAT MY SCHOOL HAS ACTUALLY REMOVED THE WI-FI, AND THEY HAVE INSTALLED PORTS. SO WHEN WE GO TO THE LIBRARY OF MY CHILDREN'S HIGH SCHOOL, THERE ARE WIRES, WHICH I LOVE TO SEE IN THE LIBRARY, THERE ARE ETHER NET WIRES, HANGING. YOU CAN JUST GO AND PLUG IN YOUR COMPUTER. YOU HAVE INTERNET ACCESS BUT YOU'RE NOT HAVING THE RADIATION FROM THAT INTERNET ACCESS. THE COLLABORATIVE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE SCHOOLS DEVELOPED LOW EMF CRITERIA IN 2014 ADDRESSING TWO TYPES OF FIELDS. ONE IS EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY FIELDS FROM YOUR POWER LINES, FROM YOUR ELECTRICITY, SO YOU CAN ADDRESS THAT BY DEALING WITH WIRING ERRORS, GET AN ELECTRICIAN, THEY HAVE AN EXTENSIVE LIST OF ACTIONS YOU CAN TAKE ON THAT WHEN YOU CORRECT THOSE WIRING ERRORS. YOU CAN LOWER THE MAGNETIC FIELDS, AS WELL THEY TALK ABOUT BEST PRACTICES FOR DEVICES, KEEPING THEM OFF THE LAP. AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT ALL OF OUR ELECTRONICS HAVE ELECTROMAGNETTICS FIELDS AND THEY HAVE TWO MAIN TYPES. THERE'S THE MAGNETIC FIELD, PAIRED WITH ELECTRIC FIELD. EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY FIELDS. AND THEN THE RADIOFREQUENCY FROM THE WI-FI. IF YOU TURN THE WI-FI OFF YOUR DEVICE ON AIRPLANE MODE AS I USE MY DEVICE WHEN ALMOST ALL THE TIME, YOU'RE STILL GETTING THE ELF, IT'S IMPORTANT THE DEVICE NOT BE ON YOUR LAP. SO EVEN IF YOU HAVE THE WI-FI OFF, PUT IT ON A TABLE, OFF YOUR BODY, TO THE SIDE OR PUT A BARRIER OF SOME SORT AND THAT CAN DECREASE MAGNETIC FIELD SIGNIFICANTLY. COLLABORATIVE ALSO ADDRESSES WI-FI TO USE WIRED INTERNET, RATHER THAN WIRES, AND ALSO TO HARD WIRE ALL YOUR PHONES, RATHER THAN USE CORDLESS PHONES. THIS IS JUST THE WEBSITE OF THE BABYSAFE PROJECT, GRASS ROOTS ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATON, WITH ATTENTION TO THE PUBLISHED RESEARCH THAT SHOWS IMPACTS, AND ESPECIALLY BECAUSE PREGNANT WOMEN ARE MOST VULNERABLE, THE FEET -- THE FETUS IS MOST VULNERABLE. CHIEF OF OBSTETRICS AT YALE PRESENTED INFORMATION, MICE PRENATAL EXPOSED ARE POOR MEMORY AND MORE HYPERACTIVITY. GO TO THE WEBSITE, THE BABYSAFE PROJECT TO LEARN MORE. BROCHURES WITH IN THE OTHER ROOM. AND MY TIME IS UP. >> THANK YOU, THEODORA. [APPLAUSE] SO WE INVITE ANYBODY WHO HAS QUESTIONS TO PLEASE COME TO THE MICROPHONE. IF YOU HAVE A SPECIFIC QUESTION FOR DR. PALL TO ANSWER ON SCIENCE, ALLOW THAT QUESTIONER TO GO FIRST BECAUSE DR. PALL HAS TO CATCH A FLIGHT. DOES ANYBODY HAVE A QUESTION FOR DR. PALL DIRECTLY? OKAY. >> I DO. DR. PALL, THE REVIEWS THAT YOU WERE CITING, THOSE EACH COMPRISE -- EACH OF THOSE REVIEWS COMPRISE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT STUDIES, CORRECT? >> YES. YOU NEED TO HAVE A BODY OF EVIDENCE ON THINGS IN ORDER TO PUBLISH YOUR REVIEW, SO EACH OF THESE PROVIDE A BODY OF EVIDENCE REGARDING CAUSATION OF THOSE SPECIFIC EFFECTS, YES. >> SO THEN MY NEXT QUESTION IS YOU DID ALSO STATE THAT THE PULSED MICROWAVE RADIATION IS MORE POTENT. >> YES. >> THAN JUST RADIOFREQUENCIES. THESE STUDIES AND REVIEWS WERE ON PULSED OR JUST RADIOFREQUENCY? >> SOMETIMES ON PULSED, BUT SOMETIMES NOT. SO YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT THE INDIVIDUAL REVIEW. >> SO IT WOULD END UP BEING EVEN WORSE? >> IT COULD BE, YES. IT COULD WELL BE WORSE, RIGHT, YES, UH-HUH. >> THANK YOU. >> SO I'M NOT SURE IF THIS IS FOR DR. PALL OR NOT, BUT COULD ONE OF YOU REPLY ABOUT THE CELL PHONE CASES THAT ARE SOLD THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED AND SUPPOSEDLY VALIDATED THROUGH RESEARCH TO SHOW THEY REFLECT OR DEFLECT 95% OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AWAY FROM THE BODY? >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. >> I THINK THOSE ARE SUPPOSED TO BE GOOD. I HAVEN'T LOOKED AT THE DATA MYSELF. BUT YES. >> DO YOU WANT TO COMMENT? >> IT CAN BE CONTROVERSIAL. SOME PEOPLE DON'T LIKE THEM BECAUSE IT CAN REFLECT BACK. I DO USE ONE. MY HAND IS PRETTY ELECTRICALLY SENSITIVE, I HAVE RF SAFE CASE. THERE'S A SLEEVE, OTHER ONES. DON'T KEEP IT NEAR MY HEAD BUT I'LL HAVE IT THIS WAY, THE SHIELDED PART PROTECTS MY HAND. I DO FIND THEM USEFUL. I KNOW SOME PEOPLE FIND IT SLIGHTLY CONTROVERSIAL. BUT BECAUSE I GET PHYSICAL FEEDBACK, I KNOW WHEN IT HURTS OR NOT, I FEEL PRETTY SAFE DOING IT. >> THANK YOU. >> STEPHEN MCFADDEN, DISABILITY ACTIVIST. SPEAKING OF UNREPRESENTED POPULATIONS, I SEE NO WHEELCHAIRS HERE, I HAVEN'T HEARD UNIVERSAL DESIGN MENTIONED. IF THE WHEELCHAIR CANNOT GET IN THE BATHROOM, THEN THE APARTMENT OR CONDO IS NOT VISITABLE, THIS IMPACTS NOT ONLY THE DISABLED AND ELDERLY. LACK OF ACCESSIBILITY DRIVES ELDERLY PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR APARTMENTS. D.C. HAS ONE OF THE HIGHEST RATES OF YOUNG DISABLED PEOPLE IN NURSING HOMES BECAUSE THERE'S NOT ACCESSIBLE AFFORDABLE HOUSING. >> THANK YOU FOR THAT COMMENT. >> I'M SHANNON ROBERTS, WITH JACOBS. I'M URBAN DESIGNER. AND I'VE BEEN ATTENDING A LOT OF DIFFERENT CONFERENCES AND TALKS ON SMART CITIES. AND D.C. ITSELF IS PUTTING IN A LOT OF SMART INFRASTRUCTURE, IN OUR COMMUNITY SPACES AND OUR PARKS. WHICH IS BASICALLY EMBEDDING WI-FI ROUTERS WITHIN LIGHT POLES AND THINGS LIKE THAT. PLANNERS TEND TO MOVE IN HERDS, SO ONCE THE NEW THING IS OUT, EVERYBODY DOES IT EVERYWHERE. ANYWAY, I'M JUST WONDERING WHAT WE CAN DO TO KIND OF EDUCATE AND TALK MORE ABOUT THIS, AS FAR AS APPLYING THIS TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSALLY. >> THANK YOU, EXCELLENT QUESTION. I THINK IN OUR BREAKOUT SESSIONS YESTERDAY IT WAS KIND OF A UNIVERSAL THEME THAT EDUCATION IS THE CRUX OF MOVING OUR SOCIETY INTO A SAFER DIRECTION. AS I SAID, I'VE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF WORKING WITH SOME OF THE BRIGHTEST MINDS ON THIS. WE FORMED A NON-PROFIT, LESS THAN THE COST OF A MOVIE TICKET YOU CAN TAKE A SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES COURSE AT WIRELESS EDUCATION.ORG. WE HAVE PREPARED A SECOND COURSE FOR THE CORRESPONDENT SAFETY INDUCTION SECTOR THAT'S PRICED VERY, VERY LOW SO WE CAN GET THE MOST PEOPLE EDUCATED IN THE SHORTEST AMOUNT OF TIME. EACH COURSES TAKES HALF AN HOUR. SO I THINK WHAT THIS WILL DO, ONE OF MY BIG LESSONS LEARNED IS I THOUGHT AT EVERY TURN I WOULD RAISE MY HAND, I THINK WE HAVE A PROBLEM HERE. AT EVERY TURN, NOT ONE PERSON IN MY SCHOOLS KNEW, NOT ONE PERSON IN MY TOWN NOW. -- KNEW. I MET WITH THE TOWN MANAGER, BUILDING INSPECTOR. NOBODY KNOWS THE ISSUE IS OUT THERE YET. EDUCATION MUST BE THE FIRST RESOURCE. I ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY TO GO TO WIRELESSEDUCATION.ORG, YOU CAN LEVEL SET AND HAVE THAT CONVERSATION AND COME BACK TO THE TABLE SAYING NOW THAT WE KNOW THIS IS EXTREMELY BIOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS, WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT OUR JOBS AND WHAT WE DO AND LET'S START HERE BECAUSE PUBLIC POLICY AS WE SEE WITH MANY OTHER TOXINS TAKES DECADES TO CATCH UP TO SCIENCE. WE'RE ALREADY DECADES INTO THIS AND NOW WE'RE STARTING TO SEE THE CUMULATIVE DAMAGE TO OUR POPULATION. I'M VERY PLEASED MASSACHUSETTS IS LEADING THE NATION NOW WITH EIGHT BILLS, TO PROACTIVELY ADDRESS WIRELESS RADIATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH, BUT WHO KNOWS IF THOSE BILLS WILL EVEN MAKE WAY THIS SESSION, SO I ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY START WHERE YOU ARE, BECOME EDUCATED, IF YOU HAVE A CHANCE TO SEE THE FILM, GENERATION ZAP, TODAY, THAT'S A POWERFUL TOOL YOU CAN BRING IN FOR A SCREENING INTO YOUR HOME, OFFICE, COMMUNITY. IT'S BEEN SCREENED IN LIBRARIES AND TOWN HALLS, EVEN AT GOOGLE THIS PAST FALL, I THINK. SO MANY GOOD LEARNING TOOLS OUT THERE BUT WHO WOULD EVEN KNOW TO LOOK UNLESS YOU AND I IN THIS ROOM TODAY START THIS CONVERSATION. >> WHAT DR. PALL WAS TALKING ABOUT WITH 5G IS WHAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT WITH SMART CITIES. I HOPE EVERYONE -- I WANT TO HELP EDUCATE EVERYONE THAT 5G IS THE NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT IS GOING TO TIE TOGETHER THE INTERNET OF THINGS THAT WILL USE AND ADD TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT AND INCREASE THE FREQUENCIES WE'RE EXPOSED TO. AS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST WE'VE BEEN TRACKING IN DIFFERENT STATES THESE NEW BILLS THAT ARE BEING PUT FORWARD TO STREAMLINE, TO MAKE FASTER AND EASIER THE ABILITY FOR COMPANIES TO PUT THE TRANSMITTERS IN COMMUNITIES, SO YOU TALKED ABOUT WASHINGTON, D.C., WHICH IS A TEST CITY FOR 5G, AND THERE ARE SEVERAL TEST CITIES FOR 5G AND THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE COMING TOGETHER, GETTING EDUCATED, AND ADDRESSING THEIR ELECTED OFFICIALS AND ASKING FOR THIS ISSUE TO BE ADDRESSED, AND FOR ANY NEW TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO BE SAFE. AND TO HALT THE 5G INSTALLATIONS. HERE IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY, ACTUALLY, ON TUESDAY, THEY ARE GOING TO BE INTRODUCING A NEW ZONING ILL, WHICH I BELIEVE AND MANY OTHER BELIEVE IS GOING TO MAKE IT EASIER TO PUT THESE TRANSMITTERS IN FRONT OF HOMES, THEY HAVE ALREADY PASSED SOMETHING SO IT CAN BE IN COMMERCIAL AREAS. AND IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO -- ALSO I WANT TO MENTION THE LETTERS, THERE ARE MANY LETTERS WRITTEN BY SCIENTISTS ALL OVER THE WORLD ON THIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TRUST, EHTRUST.ORG, WE PUT THEM TOGETHER SO YOU CAN HAVE ACCESS AND SHARE THEM WITH YOUR FELLOW ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THEY ALSO REALLY CONCISELY PUT TOGETHER THE RESEARCH AND THE ISSUE FOR POLICYMAKERS, SO I INVITE YOU TO CONTINUE ON THIS BUT IT'S VERY IMPORTANT. >> VERY GOOD. DR. NADGE? >> THEY, THANK YOU SO MUCH. I WANT TO SAY I REALLY AM THRILLED THAT YOU GUYS CAME HERE FROM SO FAR AWAY TO MAKE THIS STATEMENT. THANK GOD IT'S RECORDED. SO FOREVERMORE, THE REST OF THE COUNTRY WILL BE ABLE TO SEE THESE VIDEOS. I WANTED TO MENTION BUILDING BIOLOGISTS, PEOPLE WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN SPEAKING TODAY, MAYBE NEXT TIME, AND THEY MEASURE EMF AND CHEMICALS AND MOLD IN THE HOME. AND THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE WHICH HAS WRITTEN POLICY ON THE MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EMF EXPOSURE. IN MY PRACTICE, AS WELL AS DR. WILLIAM RAY IN DALLAS, THAT MOLD EXPOSURE IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DAMAGE TO THE MEMBRANES, VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS THAT MAKE PEOPLE ELECTRO HYPERSENSITIVE. SO WE SHOULD ALL BE WORKING TOGETHER IN THIS AREA, BECAUSE SOME PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT EMF, SOME PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT MOLD, SOME PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT BUILDING, SOME PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT GOVERNMENT AGENCY POLICY, WHICH IS SLOW TO CHANGE. BEING INVITED TO THESE MEETINGS AND ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE WE'LL BE ABLE TO ENHANCE EDUCATION NATIONALLY. THANKS SO MUCH. >> WONDERFUL, LISA. THANK YOU SO MUCH. >> I HAVE PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT WITH EMF, MY WIFE SUFFERS FROM IT. WE MOVED AWAY FROM D.C. BECAUSE THEY PUT SOMETHNG ON OUR HOUSE, AND SHE IS SUFFERING TERRIBLY IN D.C >: WAS D.C.? >> WAS IT A SMART MEETER? >> VERY COMPLICATED TO OPT OUT. WE MOVED OUT TO THE COUNTRY TO A VILLAGE, RECTORTOWN, I VOLUNTEER AT THE POOREST SCHOOL IN THE COUNTY. TWO ISSUES HAVE COME UP. THE COUNTY HAS DETERMINED THAT THEY WILL PERMIT 5G, I DON'T HAVE ALL THE DETAILS, BUT ON LIGHT POSTS, IT'S A SUGGESTION IN MIDDLEBERG, ALL HELL TO PAY BECAUSE PEOPLE LIKE HORSES AND DOGS AND FLOWERS, THEY WERE CONCERNED ABOUT VISUALS, NOT MANY PEOPLE ARE EDUCATED WHAT IT WILL DO TO THE PEOPLE. I JUST LEARNED THAT THEY ARE SUGGESTING AND HAVING A 5G TOWER IN RECTORTOWN. THIS VILLAGE, WHERE I LIVE. AND THEY ARE APPROACHING THE SCHOOL FOR A SITE. SO THE REASON FOR THIS LITTLE SPEECH IS TO TELL YOU THAT I'M IN THE MIDDLE OF IT RIGHT NOW, FROM A PERSONAL POINT OF VIEW, COMMUNITY POINT OF VIEW, I'M VERY INTERESTED IN WHAT THE TRUST DOES IN TERMS OF EDUCATING A NETWORK OF ACTIVISTS. I WOULD LIKE TO VOLUNTEER TO BE AN ACTIVIST AND WE CAN COME UP, I'M SURE, I RUN SOMETHING CALLED THE FRIENDS OF RECTORTOWN. WE COULD COME UP WITH FUNDING AND FOUNDATION FUNDING TO GET STIPENDS TO GET PEOPLE TO COME INTO OUR COMMUNITY AND SAY THERE'S MORE TO THIS THAN INTERFERING WITH YOUR VIEW OF THE MOUNTAIN, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL -- THE VISUAL ASPECT. THERE'S ABSOLUTE IGNORANCE AT THE GOVERNMENT LEVEL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL, I KNOW YOU'RE DOING GREAT THINGS, BUT I HAVE TO LEARN HOW TO GET INVOLVED. . G ET INVOLVED. >> : THAT COURSE IS AVAILABLE. ONE VOICE IS VERY EASY TO DISMISS, SO GET A GROUP OF NEIGHBORS, A GROUP OF COLLEAGUES TOGETHER, AND THEN BEGIN THE CONVERSATION. USE THE FILM, GENERATION ZAP, USE WIRELESS EDUCATION COURSE AND RESOURCES AT DEVELOP HEALTH TRUST, GET EDUCATED AND START THE CONVERSATION WITH THOSE IN A PUBLIC SERVANT POSITION BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO IDEA THAT THIS IS BIOLOGICALLY HARMFUL. LET'S ALL START WHERE WE ARE AND GET THE CONVERSATION OUT THERE. >> : ONE OF THE THINGS WE DID WITH HEMPFIELD SCHOOL DISTRICT IS GO AND ATTEND MEETINGS AND DO PRESENTATIONS ON THE ISSUE TO EDUCATE PARENTS, TEACHERS AND STAFF. PEOPLE HEAR ABOUT IT AND LEARN THIS WHOLE WORLD THAT THEY WEREN'T -- IT'S A WHOLE NEW COMPLICATED SUBJECT, QUITE EASY ONCE YOU START LOOKING INTO IT BECAUSE OUR HEALTH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT, AND PEOPLE REALLY COME OUT FROM WATCHING GENERATION ZAP AND STARTING TO USE THESE TOOLS, AND THEN YOU CAN MAKE AN INFORMED DECISION. I THINK THAT IS WHAT IS SO IMPORTANT, HAVING THE INFORMATION SO YOU CAN MAKE A DECISION ABOUT HOW YOU WANT YOUR COMMUNITY TO PROCEED, WHAT YOU WANT TO BE ON YOUR SCHOOL, HAVING BEEN IN A SITUATION WHERE THERE WERE A CELL TOWER FOR ALL SCHOOLS PROPOSED. WE WORKED ON THAT IN OUR COMMUNITY. GLAD TO TALK ABOUT THAT AFTER. >> : THANK YOU, EVERYBODY, FOR STAYING WITH THIS AND HEARING US OUT TO THE END. START WHERE YOU ARE. IF YOU WANT TO GO TO THE GENERATION ZAP SCREENING ROOM, PICK UP THE CARD FROM WIRELESS EDUCATION.ORG, YOU CAN GO POUND AROUND TO YOUR HEART'S CONTENT. THERE'S A PAGE FOR MUNICIPAL LEADERS, YOU CAN PRINT IT OUT, FORWARD BY E-MAIL AND START THE CONVERSATION IN YOUR OWN TOWNS. THANK YOU. >> NOW WE'LL HAVE DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT EXERCISE LED BY LATANYA THIS IS A GOOD THING. WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A QUICK STRETCH, GENTLE STRETCHING. IF YOU PUT YOUR ARMS OUT AND YOU'RE TOUCHING SOMEONE, SAYING HELLO, BUT STEP ASIDE A LITTLE BIT. IF YOU NEED MORE SPACE, YOU'RE AVAILABLE TO COME OUT INTO THE AISLE HERE. OKAY? EVERYONE KNOWS THE IMPORTANCE OF STRETCHING. SO WE'RE GOING TO GO AHEAD AND START SOME MUSIC, CHANGE PACE A LITTLE BIT TODAY. LET ME PUT SOME VOLUME. >> WHILE WE'RE WAITING TILT YOUR HEAD TO THE SIDE, GRAB YOUR HAND AND PUT YOUR EAR TOWARDS YOUR SHOULDER. HOLD IT THERE FOR THREE-SECOND COUNT. SWITCH TO THE OTHER SIDE PLEASE. [ MUSIC ] I LIKE TO HAVE FUN. ALL RIGHT. YOU WANT TO WARM UP. YOU'VE BEEN SITTING FOR A WHILE. LET'S JUST MOVE. GENTLY STRETCH. THAT'S RIGHT. ALWAYS BELIEVE WE'RE DOING THINGS FOR OUR HEALTH, HAVE FUN WITH IT. IMPROVE YOUR WELLNESS, CORRECT? ALL RIGHT THEN. NOW, SHIFT YOUR WEIGHT AROUND. THEN YOU WANT TO GO TO THE OTHER DIRECTION. GO AROUND. GOOD. WE SIT A LOT ALL DAY. THIS HELPS US, RIGHT? NOW, GO AHEAD AND PUT YOUR ARMS OUT. GO TO THE SIDE. THERE WE GO. NOW WE WERE DOING THIS, MAKE SURE YOUR TOES ARE POINTED FORWARD. KNEES NOT GOING OVER YOUR TOES. OKAY? THERE WE GO. EVERYONE FEELING GOOD? ALL RIGHT. WE'LL GET THAT BLOOD FLOWING MORE. I SEE Y'ALL IN THE HALLWAY. GOOD JOB. NOW, RELAX. TAKE SOME MORE HIP CIRCLES. GOOD. THREE MORE. TWO. AND ONE. OTHER DIRECTION. PROFILE HERE. FOUR. THREE. TWO. AND ONE. RELAX. NOW, TAKE ONE FOOT FORWARD. TOES POINTED STRAIGHT. ALL RIGHT. TAKE YOUR ARMS UP. THIS IS A LITTLE BALANCE SITUATION. YOU GO AHEAD AND LEAN BACK AND HOLD. TWO. ONE. COME ON UP. SWITCH LEG POSITIONS. TAKE YOUR ARMS UP. LEAN BACK. AND HOLD. DEEP BREATH. THREE. TWO. AND ONE. COME ON OUT. HOW IS EVERYONE FEELING? GOOD JOB. NOW WE'RE GOING TO TAKE OUR RIGHT LEG, STEP OUT TO THE SIDE, LEAN INTO IT. OKAY? AGAIN. MAKE SURE YOUR KNEES ARE NOT OVER YOUR TOES, AND HOLD. BACK NICE AND STRAIGHT, AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. GOOD JOB. SWITCH. WEIGHT ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE. LEAN INTO IT. TWO, THREE. TWO. AND ONE. COME ON. STAND UP AGAIN. WE'RE GOING TO THE SAME STRETCH AGAIN. TAKE YOUR FOOT FORWARD. MAKE SURE YOUR WEIGHT IS DOWN IN YOUR HEEL. STEP UP TO THE SIDE. BACK OUT HERE. TAKE YOURSELF BACK. EXTEND, NICE TALL, BRING YOUR ARMS DOWN. THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE MOTION THAT YOU'RE DOING, YOU HAVE A TENDENCY TO BREATHE IN OUR CHEST, TO THE ABDOMEN. SO DEEP BREATHS. INHALE. EXHALE. ONE FOOT FORWARD. AND REMEMBER ABOUT THAT BREATH. INHALE. EXHALE. BREATHE. RELAX YOUR SHOULDERS. THREE. TWO. ONE. COME BACK OUT OF THE STRETCH. TAKE YOUR LEFT LEG THIS TIME OUT. OKAY. MOVE INTO IT. AND HOLD. REMEMBER TO KEEP YOUR CHEST UP. RELAX. THREE. TWO. ONE. AND WE SWITCH OVER. THREE. TWO. ONE. I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND ADJUST MY MUSIC. WE'LL CONTINUE FOR OUR NEXT STRETCHING. EVERYONE IS DOING WELL. YOU'RE FEELING GREAT. EVERYONE DOING WELL, YOU'RE FEELING GREAT? AWESOME. AWESOME. GOOD JOB. PARTICIPATION, I LOVE! ALL RIGHT. NOW WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO, IF YOU'RE ABLE, BEND DOWN LIKE IN A SQUAT. OKAY? TAKE YOUR SHOULDERS BACK, HANDSES AND FEET ON THE LEG. IF YOU HAVE DIFFICULTY, GO HERE. USE THE WHOLE LEG IF YOU NEED TO. MAKE SURE YOU'RE COMFORTABLE. KEEP YOUR BACK STRAIGHT AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. LOOK OVER THAT SHOULDER AND HOLD. DEEP BREATH. THREE. TWO. AND ONE. COME UP HERE. ROLL. GO BACK DOWN. SAME THING FOR THE OTHER ONE. TURN AROUND. AND PUSH THAT ELBOW BACK. AND HOLD IT THERE FOR THREE, TWO, ONE. COME ON UP. ROLL UP. NICE AND TALL. COME BACK DOWN. YES, WE ARE WORKING OUT. STRETCH IT FOR THREE. TWO. ONE. NOW, ROLL UP. I HAVE A TENDENCY BECAUSE OF WHAT I'M WEARING, LADIES WITH DRESSES, I LOVE IT, YOU'RE HERE WHICH IS AWESOME. DO THE SAME THING. PUSH THAT SHOULDER BACK A LITTLE BIT MORE. TURN THE CHIN OVER YOUR SHOULDER FOR THREE, TWO, ONE. ROLL UP. DOWN AGAIN. AND ROLL, ROLL THAT SHOULDER BACK FOR THREE, TWO, ONE. COME STAND UP NICE AND TALL. WE'RE GOING TO SEPARATE, IF YOU MAY. IF NOT, YOU CAN HAVE A GENTLE LEAN OVER, FOR DRESSES AND SKIRTS. IF YOU'RE ABLE TO DO MORE, GO OVER AND FLOP YOUR HANDS DOWN, HOLD IT THERE. THAT'S GOOD. THREE, TWO. AND ONE. SWITCH. REMEMBER YOU'RE BREATHING. PUSH OUT. PULL DOWN. FOR THREE. TWO. ONE. REPEAT THE SAME EXERCISE AGAIN. BIG STRETCH. PUSH DOWN. IF YOU CAN, TAKE YOUR UPPER ARM AND EXTEND IT FURTHER, THEN DROP DOWN. KEEP BREATHING. THREE, TWO, ONE. THEN STAND UP. COME OUT OF THAT STRETCH. GO OVER. HOLD FOR THREE. TWO. AND ONE. COME UP AND STRETCH. GOOD. BRING YOUR FEET IN. STAND UP NICE AND TALL. TWO AND THREE. FOUR AND FIVE. GO FORWARD. AND ONE. TWO. THREE. AND FOUR. AND FIVE. ROLL BACK. YOU HAVE A LOT OF TENSION HERE, SITTING AT THE COMPUTER OR THE LAPTOP. AND ONE. RELAX. DROP DOWN. ALL RIGHT. TAKE OUR LEG OUT, STRETCH OUT FURTHER. TOES POINTED AWAY, ARMS UP. AND LEAN, TURN YOUR HEAD AROUND. BACK NICE AND TALL AND STRAIGHT FOR THREE, TWO, AND ONE. DEEP BREATH. TURN THAT FOOT BACK, TOES POINTING STRAIGHT, OTHER LEG, TOES OUT TO THE SIDE. OKAY. ARMS UP. THREE, TWO, ONE. COME OUT OF THE STRETCH, ARMS DOWN. COME TO THE FRONT. ALL RIGHT. IF YOU CAN, JUST RELAX HERE, DROP. JUST HANG. OKAY? JUST LET EVERYTHING RELEASE. ARMS HERE. DEEP BREATHING. BEND YOUR KNEES SLIGHTLY. RAISE UP. TWO MORE. LAST ONE. DEEP BREATH. GIVE YOURSELF A HUG. YOU DESERVE IT TODAY. THANK YOU SO MUCH. HAVE A GREAT ONE. [APPLAUSE] AS WE PREPARE FOR THE END OF DAY REMARKS, WE'RE GOING TO BE HEARING FROM MR. PAT PHELAN AND SOME OF HIS ORGANIZED REPORTERS FOR THE BREAKOUT SESSIONS, SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO I'D LIKE TO INVITE MR. PATRICK PHELAN AND IF LINDA SORRENTO IS IN THE ROOM I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE HER TO THE STAGE PLEASE. >> : ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. ALL RIGHT. THIS IS THE FINAL, FINAL -- NEARLY FINAL THING. WE HAVE A QUICK BREAKOUT REPORT-OUT HERE. SO THAT'S WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT. AND SO JUST TO GET RIGHT TO IT, I'M GOING TO HAND THE MICROPHONE OVER, WE HAVE TWO MICROPHONES. LET'S USE THOSE. TAKE IT AWAY. INTRODUCE YOURSELF. >> SURE, MARGO YOUNGER, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. I SIT IN THE DIVISION OF NUTRITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, OBESITY. AND MY TABLE HAD A GREAT CONVERSATION ON ENERGY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES. AND SO I'LL TRY SUMMARIZE SOME OF THE POINTS. ONE OF THE MAIN KIND OF IDEAS WE TALKED ABOUT WAS HOW TO ENDANGER THE HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES, AND REALLY BECAUSE THEY ARE KIND OF A HUGE MISSING PIECE, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE TALK ABOUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE SOURCES, JUST REALLY HOW TO ENGAGE THE HEALTH INSURANCE MARKET BECAUSE THAT MARKET IS KIND OF MISSING FROM THE CONVERSATION, AND WE KNOW THAT THEY ARE NOT GOING TO REALLY BE ENGAGED UNLESS WE TALK ABOUT HOW WE'RE ENGAGING, YOU KNOW, THEM, HOW IT MAKES GOOD BUSINESS SENSE FOR THEM TO BE ENGAGED AS WELL. SO, ONE OF THE MAIN THINGS WAS INSTEAD OF NECESSARILY DOING A RESEARCH PROJECT, MAYBE ASKING THEM, REACHING OUT TO THE HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES AND REALLY ASKING WHAT KIND OF RESEARCH THEY NEED TO BE ENGAGED IN THIS NEXUS OF ENERGY, EFFICIENCY AND THE POSITIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES WE'RE LOOKING FOR. SO THAT WAS ONE PIECE THAT WE TALKED ABOUT. THE OTHER WAS AROUND UTILITY COMPANIES, RIGHT NOW THEY ARE PRETTY FRAGMENTED, AND WE TALKED ABOUT ONE OF THE MAIN IDEAS WAS AROUND EXPANDING COST EFFECTIVENESS TESTS, TO INCLUDE OTHER THINGS. RIGHT NOW THE MAIN FOCUS IS ON THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY PIECE. AND ENERGY OUTPUT AND THINGS LIKE THAT. AND INCLUDING OTHER THINGS LIKE HEALTH. RIGHT NOW IT'S VERY NARROWLY FOCUSED, TRYING EXPAND IT BEYOND JUST THE ENERGY PIECE FOR THOSE UTILITY COMPANIES. WE TALKED ABOUT ONE OF THE MAIN -- THE MAIN PRIORITIES WOULD BE ABOUT RETROFITTING, SO HOW TO GET THESE THINGS IN EXISTING BUILDINGS, NOT REALLY NEW CONSTRUCTION, BUT THE CURRENT KIND OF BUILDING STOCK THAT EXISTS, AND PARTICULARLY IN EXISTING HOMES. AND THEN THE FOCUS WOULD BE ALSO ON THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATION, LIKE THE ELDERLY, AND CHILDREN AND THINGS LIKE THAT. AND KIND OF GETTING AT THE EQUITY PIECE TALKED ABOUT THROUGHOUT THE CONFERENCE. SO DID I -- ANYONE FROM MY TEAM, DID I LEAVE ANYTHING ELSE OUT THAT FOLKS WANT TO MENTION? OKAY. THERE'S A MICROPHONE BEHIND YOU. >> THANK YOU. MY NAME IS LEE YOUNG. I THINK WE ARE IN THIS SOCIETY, WE MUST ENCOURAGE COMPETITION, NOT ONE INDUSTRY, UP TO ANOTHER, AND LET THEM DECIDE WHAT WE SHOULD DO. SECOND IS THAT I STRONGLY SUPPORT THE IDEA EXISTING BUILDINGS, WHAT WE'RE DOING NOW, BUILD A NEW ONE WITHOUT REALLY CONSIDERING THE COST-BENEFIT AND REALLY NOT HOMELESSNESS, INSTEAD OF THE OTHER WAY AROUND. CREATE HOMELESSNESS OTHER THAN AFFORDABLE HOUSING. THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT. WE SHOULD NOT FOCUS ON PRIVATIZATION, OR EVEN PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, BECAUSE THAT'S ONLY RHETORIC, BASICALLY THEY ARE STREAM FOR CRIME OPERATION, INCLUDING MURDER, SEPARATION AND DESTROY FAMILY AND DEMOCRACY, THE WHOLE SOCIETY, THE SYSTEM RIGGED, WE HAVE TO PROTECT OUR SOCIETY AND FAMILIES. THANK YOU. >> : ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU. LET'S GIVE A ROUND OF APPLAUSE. [APPLAUSE] >> SO, I'M DEE. WE HAD A GREAT GROUP. WE HAD ADVOCATES, HiBR ORGANIZERS, PEOPLE STUDYING DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE WITH MEDICAL EXPERIENCE, A DIVERSE AND INTERESTING GROUP. WE TALKED AT LENGTH ABOUT THE IDEA OF THE BUSINESS MODEL. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE ALL KIND OF AGREED ON IS WE'RE NOT EXPERTS ON THE BUSINESS MODEL, SO WE TRIED TO CONCEPTUALIZE THE BUSINESS MODEL. WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH, WITH OUR MAIN TOPIC, AND WE DECIDED THAT THE THOUGHT THAT WE WERE REALLY INTERESTED IN WAS HOW THE ROLE OF HiBR COULD BE ADVANCING THIS MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH, AND WE STARTED TO THINK ABOUT HiBR AS AN INSTITUTION THAT COULD CONNECT NEEDS AND DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS THAT WANT TO STUDY AND MEASURE HUMAN HEALTH IN BUILDINGS, TO THE RELEVANT RESOURCES, RELEVANT KNOWLEDGE, AND THEN FACILITATE THE RIGHT LEVEL OF STUDY FOR THAT. WE ALSO WERE TALKING ABOUT HOW AS A BUSINESS MODEL WE MIGHT ALSO HAVE A LENS THAT COULD BE APPLIED TO THE IDEA OF THE STUDY ABOUT HOW DIFFERENT MODELS COULD BE PROFITABLE, AND HOW WE COULD SORT OF JUST UNDERSCORE THE IDEA OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT AROUND THINGS THAT ARE A LITTLE BIT HARD TO QUANTIFY. SO IT'S HARD TO COME UP WITH A QUICK FIX OR A QUICK RETURN ON INVESTMENT, AND SO HiBR SORT OF COULD PLAY THAT ROLE IN THIS BUSINESS MODEL. SOME OTHER THINGS THAT WE TALKED ABOUT WERE IN TERMS OF RESOURCES, AND THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT WOULD TAKE TO IMPLEMENT, AND WE CAME UP WITH THIS IDEA OF TWO-YEAR REGIONAL DESIGN CHALLENGE THAT COULD ALSO INCLUDE SOME ENGAGEMENT WITH INDUSTRY AND THE SORT OF INNOVATION LABS THAT ARE COMMON AT ACADEMIC INSTITUTION RIGHT NOW. WE HAD A LIVELY DISCUSSION, AND IT WAS REALLY AN EXCITING GROUP, THERE WERE A LOT OF IDEAS. WE WANTED TO THINK ABOUT SOMETHING THAT COULD HAPPEN IN THE TWO YEARS BETWEEN EVENTS. CAN MY GROUP CHIME IN IF THERE'S THINGS THAT I MISSED? GOT IT? OKAY. THANK YOU. >> : THANK YOU VERY MUCH. A ROUND OF APPLAUSE. [APPLAUSE] >> YOU'RE SKIPPING. HERE WE GO. I DIDN'T KNOW IT WAS ON. ALL RIGHT. THIS ONE IS ACTUALLY THE CATEGORY WOULD BE REALLY ON HEALTH, IT'S A META CATEGORY KIND OF INVOLVING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, IMAGINING THE FUTURE, AIR QUALITY, WATER AND MOISTURE, IN GENERAL TALKING ABOUT ROI, RETURN ON INVESTMENT. YOU KNOW, THE GENERAL CONCEPT IF SOMEONE HAS A CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION LIKE THEY SPOKE ABOUT THIS MORNING WITH ASTHMA, THEY HAD AN ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENIST ASSESS THE BUILDING. THAT SEEMS LIKE COMMON SENSE. IT'S NOT HAPPENING. IF THERE IS SOME SORT OF CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION, THERE'S SO MANY OF THESE RIGHT NOW, WHICH ARE REALLY DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS, ADHD, AUTISM, FATIGUE, FIBROMYALGIA, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, ADRENAL INEFFICIENCY, IF WE USE AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST TO GET TO THE ROOT CAUSE, MOLD OR TOXIC CHEMICALS, EMF OR PHYSIOLOGIC ISSUES WITH THE PERSON, AN INJURY, THIS COULD SAVE COST AND GET TO THE ROOT ISSUES, LET'S SEE, TO REDUCE HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATIONAL COSTS, NOT JUST HEALTH BUT DRAMATICALLY RISING COSTS AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS. WHAT CAN WE DO IN THE SHORT TERM RESEARCH WISE, A COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF MOLD, MICROTOXIN, SOLVENTS, DIRTY ELECTRICITY, WIRELESS RADIATION, EFFECT ON DIABETES, OBESITY, ADDICTION, ADDICTION TO STIMULANTS, ALCOHOL, OPIOIDS AND SOME OTHER CRIESES, ADHD AND AUTISM. IT'S A BROAD SWATH, BUT THERE'S SOME COMMON FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES LIKE INFLAMMATION THAT CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC DISEASE WITH HEALTH CARE COSTS, IT'S NOT SUSTAINABLE, WE HAVE TO ADDRESS THESE AT THE ROOT ISSUE. THIS GROUP HAS THE KEY TO SOME OF THESE KEY ELEMENTS. >> AND OUR FINAL GROUP. >> THANK YOU. WE WENT IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS, BUT I THINK SOME THINGS THAT STUCK WERE HOW TO FURTHER INCENTIVIZE AND MOTIVATE BOTH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR, TO REALLY ENGAGE IN HEALTHY BUILDING PRACTICES, SO WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT TAXES AND INCENTIVES THAT EXIST AT THE LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL LEVELS TODAY, AND IF THAT'S ENOUGH, AND I THINK THE CONCLUSION IS NO. AND IF IT IS NO, WHICH IT IS, WHAT CAN BE DONE, WHAT TYPE OF RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO GET US THERE TO FURTHER DEVELOP INCENTIVES AND NEW FUNDING MECHANISMS, TO SUPPORT THESE PRACTICES AND SO WE TALKED ABOUT DATA COLLECTION, AN IDEA OF A PILOT PROGRAM THAT WOULD CAPTURE CONCENTRATION OF DIFFERENT PROJECTS ACROSS DIFFERENT PROJECT TYPES, NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, SCHOOLS, ET CETERA, TO HAVE AS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS BUT ALSO TO COLLECT DATA IN THE PROCESS, TO REALLY UNCOVER THE BENEFITS. I THINK ESPECIALLY IN OUR WORK WE FOCUS SO MUCH ON THE COMMERCIAL BENEFITS, AND POSITIVE OUTPUTS OF HEALTHY BUILDINGS BUT NOT SO MUCH NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF CONSEQUENCES OF NOT BUILDING A HEALTHIER BUILDING. WE TALK ABOUT IDEAS THAT COULD DRIVE MORE PRESSURE ON BOTH SIDES. ALSO TALKED ABOUT COMMUNICATING THE ROI, FIGURING OUT NEW WAYS TO COMMUNICATE THE ROI TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS WELL, TO INCREASE SHAREHOLDER VALUE, HAVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONVERSATIONS. AND THEN, OH, BY THE WAY, OURS WAS ENERGY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES. LET'S SEE. THAT'S KIND OF IT. DID I MISS ANYTHING, FROM MY GROUP? OKAY. [APPLAUSE] >> ALL RIGHT. THAT CONCLUDES OUR SESSION. THANK YOU ALL, TO THE SPOKESPEOPLE. WE REALLY IT. WE'LL GO TO CLOSING REMARKS BY MICHELLE. >> OKAY. HOW ARE YOU ALL FEELING? DID YOU ENJOY THE TWO-DAY CONFERENCE? [APPLAUSE] YOU DID? GOOD. I'M SO HAPPY THAT YOU DID. THE PLANNING TEAM, WE WORKED VERY HARD, AND THIS GROUP FOUND THE SPEAKERS THAT DREW YOU IN, SO THAT YOU COULD COME AND HEAR SOME OF THIS FANTASTIC INFORMATION. AND LEARN AND NETWORK WITH ONE ANOTHER. SO I THINK SOME OF THE -- ONE OR TWO OF THE NEXT STEPS WILL BE TO SYNTHESIZE AND REPORT THE FINAL DOCUMENT WE'LL DO WITH THIS INFORMATION SO YOU CAN SEE IT AND READ THROUGH IT. THE HiBR WEBSITE WILL HOUSE A LOT OF INFORMATION, AS WELL. THE SURVEY WILL BE ON THE WEBSITE, NO LATER THAN NEXT FRIDAY, THE 27th I THINK IS THE DATE. SO PLEASE CHECK BACK. THE WEBSITE IS ON THE BACK OF YOUR PROGRAM. SO PLEASE CHECK BACK TO THAT. WE WILL HAVE AT SOME POINT, I'M NOT SURE WHEN WE WILL HAVE THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, BUT WE WILL WORK WITH A LOT OF INFORMATION THAT WE'LL HAVE TO ORGANIZE TO PUT ON THE WEBSITE. SO THAT YOU CAN GO THERE. ADDITIONALLY, PLEASE GO TO YouTube AND SUBSCRIBE THERE SO THAT YOU CAN SEE SOME OF THIS WONDERFUL INFORMATION AND THE SPEAKERS. WERE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE SPEAKERS? [APPLAUSE] OKAY. GOOD. GOOD. WE'VE HAD A LOT OF GREAT FEEDBACK. THE SPEAKERS SEEM TO BE HAPPY WITH THE PANELS SET UP, THE WAY WE ORGANIZED PANELS. SO IT WAS REALLY GOOD. I'M TIRED. I AM. I'M EXHAUSTED. ARE HAPPY. THAT'S WHAT MAKES THIS WORK FOR US. SO LET'S SEE. WHAT ELSE DO I HAVE TO TELL YOU? I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL, MOST IMPORTANTLY, I WANT TO THANK YOU AND THE SPEAKERS AND PLANNING COMMITTEE AGAIN. THE TEAM WORK MAKES THE DREAM WORK. IF YOU GUYS WEREN'T HERE, WE WOULDN'T HAVE A CONFERENCE. SO THE NEXT CONFERENCE WILL BE MAY 5 AND 6, IN 2020. SO THE INFORMATION THAT WE GATHERED FROM THIS CONFERENCE WILL GO INTO SOME OF THE WORKING GROUPS THAT WE CURRENTLY HAVE AND WE'LL REPORT OUT ON THAT. WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK DO BEFORE WE GET TO THAT CONFERENCE. WE WANT TO MAKE SURE IT'S ROBUST, AS ROBUST OR BETTER THAN THIS ONE. WE'LL LOOK AT WHAT WE DID THIS TIME AND DO SOME TWEAKING TO MAKE IT BETTER OR MORE CONVENIENT. THE SURVEY, LET US KNOW WHAT YOU LIKED, DIDN'T LIKE, WHAT YOU'D LIKE TO SEE MORE OF, MAYBE TOPICS OR OTHER SPEAKERS. YOU'VE GOT TO GIVE A GREAT ROUND OF APPLAUSE TO THE -- NOT TO ME, BUT TO THE PLANNING COMMITTEE. THEY WENT OUT AND FOUND SOME OF THE BEST SPEAKERS, HONESTLY. PLEASE CLAP FOR THEM. THEY ARE ALL NOT HERE, BUT THEY WENT OUT AND FOUND SOME OF THE BEST SPEAKERS TO COME IN AND TALK. PEOPLE THOUGHT WE PAID THEM, AND WE DIDN'T. WE REALLY DIDN'T. WE DON'T HAVE THE MONEY TO PAY THEM. LET'S SEE. WHAT ELSE DO I WANT TO TELL YOU? THE CONFERENCE WAS WEBCAST. I DID MENTION THAT. OH, EVERYONE THAT PRE-REGISTERED, IF YOU DIDN'T, YOU CAN LET ME KNOW IN THE SURVEY, YOU SORT OF OPTED IN RECEIVE HEALTH AND BUILDING ROUNDTABLE INFORMATION, YOU CAN OPT OUT IF YOU DON'T WANT IT, BUT WE'LL SEND THAT INFORMATION AUTOMATICALLY TO KEEP YOU INFORMED REGARDING WHAT'S GOING ON WITH US, WHAT WE'RE DOING, WE HAVE THE SCHOLAR PROGRAM AND WE HAVE A LOT OF ANTICIPATION, AND HOPE, AND EXCITEMENT AROUND THAT. WE TOOK A REALLY NICE PICTURE THIS AFTERNOON WITH THE SCHOLARS. SO THAT WAS EXCITING. DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, OR IS THERE ANYTHING YOU'D LIKE TO KNOW BEFORE I SAY THANK YOU? YES, MA'AM? >> (INAUDIBLE) [APPLAUSE] >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU. THANK YOU. YEAH. REALLY, UH-UH, IT WAS A TEAM EFFORT. THANK YOU, THANK YOU. I COULD NOT HAVE DONE THIS WITHOUT THE TEAM. THANK YOU SO MUCH. I APPRECIATE THAT. BUT YOU ALL ARE HAPPY, SO I'M HAPPY. SO IT WAS WORTH IT. SO HAVE A WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL FRIDAY EVENING. I AM. AND A TERRIFIC WEEKEND. WE'RE SUPPOSED TO HAVE RAIN THE NEXT 14, 25, OR 35 DAYS. I DON'T KNOW. BUT ENJOY YOURSELVES. AND THANK YOU. PLEASE TRAVEL SAFELY, AND REACH OUT. I HAVE BUSINESS CARDS, IF YOU WANT TO REACH OUT, OR YOU CAN REACH OUT TO THE HiBR WEBSITE. I WILL RESPOND. THANK YOU AGAIN. THANK YOU. [APPLAUSE] FERNANDO, DID I LEAVE ANYTHING OUT? I DIDN'T? YOU'RE SURE? OKAY. HE'S THE REAL BOSS. >> : (INAUDIBLE). >> CAN I TELL? I CAN'T TELL? WHY? ARE YOU SURE? >> (INAUDIBLE). >> : FERNANDO DID ALL THE GRAPHICS. ALL OF THE GRAPHICS FOR THE SLIDES. I MEAN, HE DID ALL OF THIS STUFF. SO, YES. HE WAS VERY, VERY -- I MEAN, HE GAVE STRUCTURE TO THIS PROGRAM. SERIOUSLY. HE REALLY DID. THE TECH PEOPLE JUST LOVED HIM,