>> TODAY'S SESSION FEATURES INDIVIDUALS WHO WORK IN PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, WE HAVE AGENTS FROM THE BIOTECH COMPANIES AND WE HAVE 3 PEOPLE THAT WORK WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT. WE HAVE A TECH TRANSFER FELLOW,s A TECHNOLOGY SPECIALST AND A USPO PATENT SPECIALIST AND EACH PANELIST WILL TALK FOR ABOUT 15 MINUTES AND WE WILL HAVE QUESTIONS AT THE END. I THINK WE HAVE 3 POWER POINT PRESENT ANTICIPATIONS, WE DON'T HAVE HANDOUTS BECAUSE WE'RE NOT ALLOWED TO GIVE THEM OUT KNERR, BUT WE WILL HAVE THEM ON THE OIT WEB SITE, SO CAN YOU GET THEM THERE. IF YOU HAVE FRIENDS THAT ARE INTERESTED IN PATENTS AND PROCESS EXAMINING, YOU CAN LOOK FOR T. THEY WILL WILL BE ABLE TO ACCESS IT ON THE NIH WEB SITE AND OUR FIRST SPEAKER FOR THE DAY IS DR. RICHARD WILLIAMS. HE RECEIVED HIS BACHELOR'S DEGREE FROM McDANIEL COLLEGE WHICH WAS THEN WEST END MARYLAND COLLEGE AND HIS Ph.D. WAS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI. HE LATER DID HIS POST DOC AND WAS--BECAME A RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ACROSS THE STREET AT THE UNIFORM SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND HE JOINED THE NIH AS THE STAFF FELLOW, WITH NIAID AND IN 2000 HE BECAME A TECH TRANSFER, FELLOW, AND WE ALSO HAVE A TECH TRANSFER FELLOW HERE WHO WILL TALK ABOUT THE PROGRAM LATER ON AND AFTER THAT HE WAS HIRED AS A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER SPECIALIST WHICH IS NOW LEAD OF HIS OWN UNIT AND I THINK HE HAS 3 ATTORNEYS AND TRANSFER TECHS UNDER HIM, SO DR. WILLIAMS? >> WELL, THANK YOU ADIOLA IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE AND I CAN SAY THIS IS A BIT OF GIVE BACK BECAUSE WHEN I WAS HERE IN THE LAB WORKING AT BELLING 10, I CAME DOWN TO AN ALTERNATIVE CAREER SEMINAR AND I THINK IT WAS--MUST HAVE BEEN 1 OF THE FIRST. THAT WAS THE YEAR 2000. AND I GOT TO HEAR ABOUT THE KINDS OF CAREERS AND HELPED ME MOVE FORWARD. SO THE ASSIGNMENT THAT WE WERE GIVEN FOR TODAY WAS TO TELL A BIT ABOUT WHEN WE DO AND THEN, HOW WE GOT TO THAT POINT AND TO GIVE ANY SORT OF ADVICE WE COULD TO FELLOWS THAT ARE HERE THAT MIGHT WANT TO CONSIDER CAREERS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, PATENT PROCESSING. SO THE NEXT SLIDE, THIS SHOWS A LITTLE BIT OF OF THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESS HERE AT NIH AND I THINK IT WILL SERVE AS A BIT OF AN OVERVIEW AND ANCHOR FOR THE REST OF THE TALKS TO GIVE US SOME OF THE DETAILS, SPECIALLYOT PATENT--ESPECIALLY ON THE PATENT AREA. THIS SHOW FIST WE START WITH AN IDEA IN THE LAB AND THEN MOVE ON TO A DISCOVERY, THE DISCOVERY MAY THEN BECOME A FULL FLEDGED INVENTION. MANY YEARS LATER OR MAYBE EVEN SOONER, IT COULD GO ON TO BE DEVELOPED COMMERCIALLY, AND THAT'S A TRANSITION POINT WHERE NIH NO LONGER HAS FULL PARTICIPATION. ALSO NOTICE AT THE BOTTOM THAT PUBLIC'S INVESTMENT PERIOD IS IN THAT EMERGING PERIOD IN THE PUBLIC BENEFIT IS NOT UNTIL LATER. IF WE LOOK AT DISCOVERIES THAT ARE NOT INVENTIONS, THAT MAY NOT BE SOMETHING THAT'S CLEAR TO YOU AT THIS POINT BUT A COUPLE EXAMPLES WE WOULD HAVE HERE IS DISCOVERY OF A NEW PATHOGENIC VIRUS, THE VIRUS WOULD BE A VERY NICE DISCOVERY BUT IT MAY NOT BE THAT MUCH OF AN INVENTION. BUT IF THE VIRUS IS THEN ATTENUATED TO BECOME A VACCINE, THAT WOULD BE SOMETHING THAT WE WOULD BE ABLE TO SUPPORT AND HOPEFULLY PUSH THROUGH TO BECOME A PRODUCT. SOME OF THE TOOLS WE USE HERE ARE NOW SHOWN ON THE SLIDE AND THESE ARE SOME AGREEMENTS WE PUT IN PLACE, SO THINGS LIKE CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS, CDA, PRADA IS A MECHANISM WE CO DEVELOP WITH SOME OF OUR DRUG COMPANY PARTNERS AND RESEARCH COLLABORATION AGREEMENT AND THESE ALLOW THE FLOW OF MATERIAL, INFORMATION, WE FIGURE OUT HOW TO PUBLISH WITH THEM, IT'S ALSO MECHANISMS FOR BRINGING MONEY INTO THE PROJECT TO TRY TO PUSH IT FORWARD AND ALSO TO HELP WITH COMMERCIALIZATION AND SO THIS IS 1 OF THE MAJOR--1 OF THE OTHER MAJOR ROLES BESIDES LOOKING AT INVENTIONS THAT WE DO HERE IN THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICES AND THE INSTITUTES ARE TO PUT IN PLACE THESE AGREEMENTS. THEY OFTEN HAVE TO DISCUSS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND SO WE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN UNDERSTANDING THE KIND OF PATENT THAT MIGHT COME OUT OF THESE, IF WE LOOKED ON THE--IN THIS AREA, FOR THE EIR, IS WHERE WE--THE STAGE THAT'S EMPLOYEE INVENTION REPORT AND THAT'S WHERE WE UNDERSTAND WHAT THE INTENSION IS, OUR OFFICE WORKS WITH THE INVENTORS AT THAT POINT TO GET THIS DISCLOSURE TO REALLY SORT OUT TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE INVENTION IS AND THEN WE MOVE THAT ON TO THE NIH OFFICE AND THAT OFFICE IS CALLED THE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OR O. T. T. AND THEY USE VARIOUS LAW FIRMS THAT ARE UNDER CONTRACT TO ACTUALLY WRITE THE PATENT APPLICATION, HOPEFULLY, IF THIS IS REALLY MOVING FORWARD, IT IS SOMETHING VERY INTERESTING. WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO LICENSE IT TO A PARTNER FOR THE FULL COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT INTO THE PRODUCT. SO WHEN I LOOK AT HOW DID I GET HERE? MY STARTING POINT AS ADEOLA SAID, I STARTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, GRADUATE STUDENT IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND I CONSIDER DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY AS AN ENORMOUS FONT OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE BUT AT THE TIME I WAS FINISHING UP MY Ph.D., WHAT I WAS DOING WAS NOT ALL THAT PRACTICAL. I DID LOOK TO SOME OF THE--INSPIRING SCIENTISTS AT THE TIME FOR WHAT I MIGHT THEN DO AND 2 OF THEM WERE VIROLOGISTS. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, THE LABORATORY THAT I WAS IN, WAS ADJACENT TO THE LABORATORIES WHERE ALBERT CABBEN ON THE GENTLEMAN UP ON THE UPPER RIGHT HERE, HAD DEVELOPED THE LIVE POLIO ACSEEN. --VACCINE. AND AT THAT TIME, ROBERT GALLOW HAD MADE THE LINK BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS AND IT WAS--HE GAVE EVENING PRESENTATION WHERE HE WENT FROM CITY TO CITY, AND IT WAS HAVING INTERESTING TO HEAR ABOUT VIROLOGY. I WENT TO UNIFORM SERVICES UNIVERSITY WHERE I WORKED AS A POST DOC WITH KAY HOMES ON CARONA VIRUS AND I WAS WORKING ON THE RECEPTORS AT THAT TIME AND THE FIRST PATENT APPLICATION THAT I CAN POINT OUT, THE FIRST PATENT APPLICATION I EVER READ WAS 1 I WAS AN INVENTOR ON WITH KAY HOLMES. SHE ENCOURAGED ME TO CONTINUE ON IN MY CAREER IN VIROLOGY AND I CAME OVER HERE TO NIH, WORK INDEED THE CLINICAL CENTER WITH STEVE STRAWS AND THAT WAS AN EXCITING TIME. HE WAS WORKING ON THE--WITH MERCK ON THE EXHAUSTER VACCINE AND OF THE EVENTS AT THE TIME, ON THE TV, THE FIRST--ON THE TODAY SHOW, PHIL BURNLE 1 OF THE SENIOR RESEARCHERS RECEIVED THE FIRST DOSE OF VACCINE. WE WERE WORKING WITH MERCK UNDER CREDA AND THAT'S THE FIRST TIME I-HEARD ABOUT THE CREDA MECHANISM. STEVE ALSO INTRODUCED TO ME, TO MY CURRENT DIRECTOR IN THE NIAID OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT MEN WITH HIGHER I TOLD HIM--WHEN I TOLD HIM I WAS INTERESTED IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND I AT THAT TIME I HAD TAKEN COURSES AT O. T. T. FOR COURSES AND THERE WAS A SENIOR PATENT ADVISOR THERE NAMED JIM HAYDEN AND HE LOVED TO TALK ABOUT PATENTS. AND I FOUND THAT TO BE A FASCINATING COURSE AND I TOOK COURSES IN THE FDA AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND BIOTHEKNOLOGY LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY AT THAT TIME, IT WAS ANOTHER COURSE THAT WAS AVAILABLE. SO I DECIDED TO MAKE THE SWITCH AT THIS POINT. AS CAN YOU SEE, COMPARED TO THE DRUG--INVENTION DEVELOPMENT SLIDE, THIS 1 IS A WHOLE LOT LINEAR, MORE OF A GAME BOARD, I GO UP AND MY ARROW IS GOING TO THE LEFT HERE AND I BECAME A TECH TRANSFER FELLOW AT NCI AND THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BRANCH AND AT THAT POINT, STARTED LEARNING ABOUT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND THEY PAID FOR ME TO TAKE THE COURSE SO THAT I COULD TAKE MY PATENT AGENT EXAM FROM THE USPTO. AND THEN FROM THERE, I WAS THERE FOR A LITTLE LESS THAN A YEAR AND THEN WHEN TO NIAID WHERE I AM NOW. AND AN INSPIRATION FOR ME, COMING TO NIAID WAS THE LARGE CHANGES THAT DR. FAUCI HAD MADE IN THE INSTITUTE TO GO AHEAD AND COMBAT AIDS THROUGH A LARGE GROWTH IN THE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE APPROACH WHERE WE DEAL WITH DRUG COMPANIES DIRECTLY THROUGH CLINICAL TRIAL AGREEMENTS TO BRING OUT THE NEW DRUGS AND MANY OF THE NEW DRUGS THAT CAME ON THE MARKET CAME IN THROUGH THAT WAY. SO WHAT MOTIVATED ME OR TO PARAPHRASE ALAN DOICH WHO GAVE THIS TALK IN 2010. HOW DID I GET FROM 1 JOB THAT I LOVE TO ANOTHER? I THINK THIS IS IMPORTANT IF YOU'RE CONSIDERING CAREERS INIS TO WRITE DOWN A MOTIVATION STATEMENT FOR YOURSELF. SOMETHING, IF I HAD WRITTEN 1 DOWN AT THE TIME IT WOULD BE SOMETHING LIKE IF I WANT TO DO SOMETHING PRACTICAL WITH MY SCIENCE TO BENEFIT PUBLIC HEALTH AND I WANT IT TO GO BEYOND MY LAB EXPERIENCE. IF I LOOK AT THE OTD MISSION TODAY, IT IS TO FACILITATE DISCOVERY AND PROMOTE THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL INNOVATIONS FOR THE BETTERMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH. I FIND THAT THESE 2 STATEMENTS ALIGN WELL FOR ME, AND I DON'T KNOW IF MANY OF HAVE YOU TAKEN MYERS BRIG BUT WHEN I TAKE THAT EVERY TIME I DO, THEY TELL ME THAT IT'S VERY GOOD IF MY MOTIVATIONS ALIGNED WELL WITH THE MISSION OF WHERE I WORK. SO THIS SHOWS THE PICTURE OF OUR NEW--WHAT IT WILL BE THE NEW BUILD O GBA FISHER'S LANE. IT HASN'T BEEN BUILT YET, THERE'S A BIG HOLE IN THE GROUND. THEY'RE APPARENTLY PLANNING OFFICE SPACES FOR US AND WE SHOULD MOVE IN THIS 2 THIS HAPPENED 14. BUT THE FOCUS OF O. T. D. IS AGAIN PEOPLE. IF YOU WORK IF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AT 1 OF THE INSTITUTES, 1 OF THE FOCUSES THAT YOU GET A PORTFOLIO OF SCIENTISTS AND THEIR COLLABORATION AND THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR INVENTIONS AND YOU WORK VERY CLOSELY WITH THAT PERSON, THE OTHER THING THAT YOU WORK WITH IS IN NEGOTIATING AGREEMENTS WITH OUTSIDE COMPANIES, TO TRY TO FOSTER THESE COLLABORATIONS, SO IT'S PEOPLE, COLLABORATIONS, INVENTIONS, IS 1 OF THE THINGS THEY DO AND THEN WITH EVENTUALUAL ION WHAT PRODUCTS MIGHT COME OUT. THIS IS OUR WEB SITE AND IT'S--SO THIS IS--YOU CAN--I DON'T HAVE A HANDOUT BUT CAN YOU SEARCH THIS, I SEARCHED IN THE GOOGLE BOX IT'S NIAID O. T. D., YOU CAN FIND OF WEB SITE AND IT TALKS ABOUT DISCOVERIES IN MEDICAL PRACTICE, NEW PATENTS THAT GET ISSUED AND THERE'S A LOT OF INFORMATION ON THAT IF YOU'RE INTERESTED. SO WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BE IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER? THERE IS A NEXUS OF SCIENCE LEGAL AND BUSINESS ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF. I DON'T KNOW IF I POPPED YOUR BALLOON ALREADY BY TELLING YOU THAT OH, YOU HAVE TO HAVE ALL THOSE THINGS? DO YOU HAVE TO GET YOUR Ph.D.? GET YOUR POST DOC, GET A LEGAL DEGREE AND THEN GO AND GET AN MBNA? CERTAINLY NOT. THERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT DON'T HAVE DUAL DEGREES, WE HAVE A VERY FEW THAT HAVE DUAL DEGREES, VERY FEW THAT HAVE A Ph.D. ALSO HAVE ANOTHER DEGREE. YOU DO NEED TO KNOW PEOPLE SKILLS. OFTEN WHEN YOU'RE ON THE PHONE TALKING WITH A COLLABORATOR, THEY MAY BRING 1 LEGAL PERSON AND 1 BUSINESS PERSON TO TALK TO YOU. SO THAT'S THE KIND OF INTERACTIONS. YOU NEED TO KNOW ENOUGH OF THE OTHERS TO GET BY. THERE'S A LOT OF TRAINING. WE TALK TO OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNCIL A LOT, SO THAT WE CAN LEARN THOSE AND LEARN WHAT THE LEGAL PARAMETERS ARE AND AGAIN THE PEOPLE SKILLS ARE VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT'S AN INNER PLAY, YOU HAVE THE CAN HAVE SCIENTISTS, THE COLLABORATORS, INTERESTS, THE NEEDS OF NIH, TO TRY TO SORT OUT AND PEOPLE TO TALK TO ABOUT THOSE. SO HOW CAN YOU LEARN MORE? IT'S GREAT THAT WE HAVE A FELLOW TALK AND WE'VE ALSO RECENTLY PUT IN PLACE A FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AT NIAID. AND THIS IS THE--THIS IS THE OPPORTUNITY. WE DO TAKE--THIS SAYS WE TAKE APPLICATIONS AND THEN, ON A ROLLING BASIS, IF THERE'S A SLOT AVAILABLE, THOSE PEOPLE CAN BE CALLED UP. SO, THESE ARE OUR CURRENT FELLOWS, ON THE UPPER LEFT, CHUCK GNAW, ROBERT WALKER AND CAM ILLEGALS O AND SARAH SABRINO, AND CHUCK AND CAMILLA WERE OUR FIRST O. T. D. FELLOWS. THEY ALL HAVE THEIR OWN SPACE TO WORK IN AND THEY'RE ALL AT THE LAB NOW AND I DON'T FINISH THEY'RE WORKING HERE, ON INVENTIONS OR AGREEMENTS OR TRAYING TO PROMOTE A PRODUCT THAT MIGHT COME OUT, BUT I SAY THAT THEY HAVE BEEN EXTREMELY PRODUCTIVE AND WE'RE VERY PLEASED WITH THE PROGRAM IS WORKING. HOW DO YOU FIND OUT ABOUT TECH TRANSFER. TALK TO EACH INSTITUTE AND CENTER, EACH 1 HAS A T. D. C., TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR AND MANY INSTITUTE VS THEIR OWN OFFICE. NCI HAS AN OFFICE, WE HAVE AN OFFICE AT NIAID, NHLBI HAS 1, NIDDK HAS 1. THERE MAY BE A FEW MORE. THE NIH HAS AN OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER. AND AS I SAID THERE ARE SEVERAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMS, AND ALSO FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS WITHIN THE INSTITUTES AND AT O. T. T. WHAT ARE THE TOOLS YOU CAN USE RIGHT NOW? I WOULD SAY READ PATENTS, YOU CAN READ PATENTS THAT YOUR LAB HAS, CAN YOU GO TO THE U.S. TTO WEB SITE, THAT'S VERY GOOD FOR SEARCHING YOUR AREA OF INTEREST,? THERE'S PATENT LENSES ALSO AVAILABLE WITH SEARCH. I'VE USED GOOGLE PATENTS, THERE ARE OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE AVAILABLE. YOU CAN READ ABOUT THE BIOTECH INDUSTRY EVEN THOUGH YOU'RE IN THE LAB AND MAYBE YOU DON'T HAVE THAT MUCH COMMERCIAL INTEREST, THERE ARE THENS THAT YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT THE BIOTECH INDUSTRY, JUST FROM SEEING THEIR PUBLICATIONS AND YOU CAN ALSO TALK ABOUT TECH TRANSFER IN THE LAB, AND HOW ARE THOSE ESTABLISHED, WHAT ARE THE INVENTIONS THAT HAVE COME OUT OF YOUR LAB. COURSES, THERE IS AN NIH FAES HAS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CERTIFICATE PROGRAM. IT HAS ALL THE COURSES THAT I WAS ABLE TO TAKE AND A LOT MORE. THERE'S--THEY'VE ADDED A COURSE ON PATENT SEARCHING RECENTLY, THESE ARE GENERALLY TAUGHT IN THE EVENINGS. THEY HAVE TIME TO TAKE THEM, THEY'RE NOT HIGH COST COURSES, THEY ARE COURSES OUTSIDE OF NIH, THERE ARE MANY--1 OF THE COURSES I DID TAKE WAS OF COURSE TO BRUSH ME UP ON PATENTS SO I COULD TAKE THE USPTO EXAM AND THERE ARE SEVERAL OF THOSE AVAILABLE. AND THEN MEETINGS, THAT THERE ARE VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, AH TUM, LICENSING EXECUTIVE SOCIETY, BIOORGANIZATION, AND THEN THERE'S FEDERAL, THERE'S THE FEDERAL LABORATORY CONSORTIUM. EACH 1 OF THESE WEB SITES, HAS SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION ON WHAT THE ORGANIZATIONS DO, WHAT THEY'VE DONE FOR POLICY, AND ALSO TALKS ABOUT THE MEETINGS, NATIONAL MEETINGS AND THEY'RE ALSO LOCAL REGIONAL MEETINGS SO THAT IT'S AS MUCH--MOSTLY A CAR DRIVE AWAY BECAUSE YOU'RE IN AN AREA WHERE THERE'S QUITE A LOT OF THIS GOING ON AND THAT'S ALL I HAVE FOR MY EPITHELIAL ROW. [ APPLAUSE ] --INTRO. [ APPLAUSE ] >> THANKS AGAIN, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE QUESTIONS AT7a M THE END OF--ONCE ALL THE PANELISTS HAVE HAD THEIR TIME TO SPEAK. AND WE'LL HAVE THESE, AGAIN, WE'LL HAVE THESE HANDOUTS UP ON THE OIT WEB SET FOR THOSE THAT ARE INTERESTED. OUR NEXT SPEAKER WILL BE CHARLES SALAHUDDIN, AND PRIOR TO JOINING NCI HE WORKS FOR THE CDC AND RIGHT NOW HE'S ADMITTED TO PRACTICE LAW IN THE STATE OF VIRGINIA AND IN FRONTS OF THE [INDISCERNIBLE]. AND HE'S RESPONSIBLE FOR DRAFTING AND NEGOTIATING TECH TRANSFER AGREEMENTS THAT RICK TALKED ABOUT AND CHARLES? >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH ADEOLA. IT'S A VERY GOOD HONOR TO BE HERE, I'M REALLY PLEASED SO MY NAME IS CHARLES SALAHUDDINAND I'M A FELLOW IN THE NCI TECH TRANSFER CENTER. I'LL TALK ABOUT THE TECH TRANSFER PROCESS WHICH RICHARD TOUCHED UPON. I WILL ALSO GO INTO FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AND SOME OF THE THINGS THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THAT, IT'S A REALLY GREAT WAY TO GET YOUR FOOT INTO THE DOOR AND GET SOME EXPERIENCE WORKING AT A FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE. SO WHAT IS TECH TRANSFER. THIS IS A BASIC, BASIC DEFINITION AND A VERY BASIC SCHEMEATIC BUT IT GIVES YOU A SENSE OF WHAT WE DO AND SOME OF THE THINGS THAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN, SO TECH TRANSFER IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH TECHNOLOGIES ACKNOWLEDGE ABOUT GOVERNMENT UNIVERSITY LABS ARE TRANSFERRED TO A WIDER RANGE AND WHO COULD EXPLOIT THE TECHNOLOGY. SO IT ALL STARTS WITH THE RESEARCH IN THE LAB. THAT RESEARCH, IDEALLY IT WILL LEAD TO TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE USEFUL TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND AT THAT POINT, A TECH TRANSFER OFFICE WILL HELP YOU GET IT PATENTED, IT'S LICENSED TO PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES AND THOSE COMPANIES WILL FURTHER DEVELOP IT AND THEY'LL DEVELOP DIAGNOSTICS OR DRUGS OR OTHER FDA PRODUCTS THAT ARE USED TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND MONEY FROM THAT, IT GOES BACK INTO THE NIH IN THE FORM OF ROYALTYS AND THE ROYALTYS ARE THEN USED FOR TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT AND AND THEY GO INTO A CIRCULAR PROCESS SO THIS IS TECH TRANSFER, NCI'S TECH TRANSFER CENTER. EACH INSTITUTE HAS THEIR OWN TECH TRANSFER CENTER. OURS IS CALLED NCI, TTC AND WE PROMOTE RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN NCI SCIENTISTS AND OUTSIDE PARTERS TO COMMERCIALIZE TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE DEVELOP INDEED NCI LABS. WE WORK INTELLECTUALLY WITH NCI LABBINGS ON ISSUES RELATING TO INVENTIONS, MARKETING AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF NCI TECHNOLOGIES. SO WE ALSO NEGOTIATE A VARIETY OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS, MATERIAL TRANSFER AGREEMENTS, THEY ALLOW MATERIALS TO COME IN AND GO OUT OF NCI FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES, CONFIDENTIAL DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS, THEY ALLOW 2 PARTIES TO TALK ABOUT CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION WITH AN OBLIGATION TO KEEP THAT INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS OR CREDAs, THESE ARE USED WHEN NCI WANTS TO PARTNER WITH INDUSTRY FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING A SPECIFIC SCIENTIFIC INTEREST. WE ALSO SERVE AS LIAISON WITH OTHER OFFICES, OGC AND OTT. OGC HANDLES LEGAL MATTERS AT NIH WHILE ON O. T. T. HANDLE PATENTING AND LICENSING. TECH TRANSFER AT NIH, IT'S CENTRALIZED IN THAT WE HAVE 1 OFFICE. O. T. T. NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR HANDLING THE PATENTING AND LICENSING FOR ALL THE INSTITUTES AND BUT IT'S ALSO DECENTRALIZED IN EACH OF THE INSTITUTES HAS THEIR OWN TECH TRANSFER OFFICE TO HANDLE THESE TYPES OF AGREEMENTS AND TO DO A VARIETY OF OTHER THINGS. SO THIS IS OUR FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. IT PROVIDES A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO GAIN FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE, JUST LEARN WHAT IT'S LIKE WORK NOTHING A FEDERAL TECH TRANSFER OFFICE AND IT DOES PREPARE YOU TO ADVANCE IN OTHER POSITIONS WITHIN UNIVERSITIES, INDUSTRY, NCI, OTHER AGENCIES WITHIN NIH, CASE IN POINT, RICHARD. SO I THINK THE MAJORITY OF THE FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES IN THE OFFICE, THEY ARE AT 1 POINT WERE A FELLOW. SO IT GIVES YOU A GOOD FOOT INTO THE DOOR. YOU REALLY, YOU GET A GOOD FEEL FOR WHAT GOES ON IN A TECH TRANSFER OFFICE AND THE FELLOWS, THEY DON'T HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO SIGN AGREEMENTS OR EXECUTE AGREEMENTS AND BIND THE NIH BUT FOR THE MOST PART THEY HAVE THE SAME RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES. THEY NEGOTIATE THE SAME TIME OF AGREEMENTS FOR THE MOST PART, THE WORK LOAD IS GENERALLY THE SAME, AND THEY DEAL WITH SCIENTISTS AND MANAGE THE DOCKET IN A SIMILAR WAY TO THE NCI, EMPLOYEES. SO IN OUR OFFICE WE HAVE 2 FELLOWSHIP TRACKS. ONE IS NEGOTIATION FELLOWSHIP, WHICH IS THE MAJORITY OF THE FOLLOW OSHIPS IN THE OFFICE. I THINK THERE'S 8 OF THOSE, WE HAVE 8 FELLOWS, IN NEGOTIATION FELLOWSHIPS AND THEN THERE'S 1 MARKETING FELLOWSHIP. AND I DID BOTH OF THESE, I HAD--I STARTED OUT IN THE MARKETING UNIT AND THEN I JUST WANTED TO GET A LITTLE BIT MORE FEEL FOR ALL ASPECTS OF TECH TRANSFER SO I MOVED INTO THE NEGOTIATION FELLOWSHIP. AND WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY AVAILABLE IN ROCKVILLE, THAT'S IN EXECUTIVE BOULEVARD AND FREDERICK NEAR FORT DID HE TELL RICK, SO THIS IS ABOUT THE NEGOTIATION TRACK. WE DRAFT AND NEGOTIATE CREDAs, CLINICAL TRIAL AGREEMENTS AND VARIETY OF OTHER AGREEMENTS. ALL THESE AGREEMENTS, THEY REQUIRE, THEY HAVE COMPLEX LEGAL TERMS AND THEY HAVE TERMS RELATING TO CONFIDENTIALITY, PATENTS, PUBLICATIONS, WHAT COUNTRY'S LAW YOU'RE GOING TO USE, AND THERE'S A LOT OF ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE NEGOTIATED AND THEN YOU'RE WORKING AGAINST--WORKING WITH OUTSIDE PARTIES AND THEY HAVE PEOPLE AND THE OBJECT IS TO TRY TO GET SOMETHING THAT MEETS THE GOAL OF WHAT YOU WANT TO DO AND THAT'S ACCEPTABLE TO BOTH PARTIES, ACCEPTABLE TO NIH IN TERMS OF POLICY, AND TERMS OF STAT TORSCHETHAT JUST ACCOMPLISHES THE SCIENTIFIC GOAL YOU WANT TO ACCOMPLISH. SO USERS, NEGOTIATION OF GOING BACK AND FORTH AND YOU WORK WITH A LOT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARTIES. A BIG PART OF THE JOB IS YOU'RE KIND OF A COUNSELOR, THE SCIENTIST ON A LOT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISSUES FROM ISSUES RELATING TO PATENTING TO TECH TRANSFER TO NIH POLICY, JUST YOUR--YOU'RE THERE FOR THEM AND THERE TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS THEY MAY HAVE AND YOU OVERSEEA A PATENT RELATED ISSUES FOR THE SCIENTIST AND THIS IS THE LINK TO OUR FELLOWSHIP. SO THIS IS THE MARKETING TREND. THIS IS MORE OF A BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT TYPE POSITION, THIS IS AN INTERESTING POSITION BECAUSE HAVE YOU MORE FREEDOM TO KIND OF CHOOSE WHICH PATH YOU WANT TO DO, CAN YOU SELECT THE TECHNOLOGY YOU WANT TO WORK WITH THAT YOU THINK HAVE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL AND YOU WORK WITH NCI AND MANNERS TO DEVELOP PLANS TO MARKET THOSE TO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PARTICLE SUITICAL COMPANIES, SO HAVE YOU A LOT OF FLEXIBILITY AND DETERMINING YOUR AGENDA MORE SO THAN NEGOTIATION TRACK, I WOULD SAY AND A BIG PART OF THIS JOB IS YOU DRAFT ABSTRACT, DESCRIBING NCI TECHNOLOGIES AND THESE ABSTRACTS ARE MORE DESIGNED FOR NOT NECESSARILY TECHNICAL DETAIL DESCRIPTION, BUT THEY'RE MORE FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES, THEY'RE JUST TO GET AT THE--WHAT IS THE TECHNOLOGY, WHO WOULD USE IT, IS IT BETTER OUT THERE, THAT'S WHAT--THAT'S WHAT A LOT OF OUTSIDE PARTIES ARE INTERESTED IN AND IT'S JUST SOMETHING SHORT, JUST TO CATCH THEIR ATTENTION AND THEN IF THEY'RE INTERESTED IN, THEY CAN--YOU WILL REFER THEM TO THE SPECIALIST, THE TECH TRANSFER SPECIALIST, THEY HANDLE THAT DOCKET OR TO EVEN BETTER THEMSELVES. SO A BIG PART IS TAPPING THOSE CONFERENCES AND DOING OUTREACH AND TALKING ABOUT NCI AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AND TECHNOLOGIES AND WHAT OUR OFFICE DOES, AND THAT'S A BIG PART GOING TO TRADE SHOWS AND SETTING UP BOOTHS THAT'S A BIG PART OF THE MARKING POSITION AND YOU DEAL WITH REQUESTS FROM OTHER PARTIES ABOUT INFORMATION IF SOMEONE WANTS TO KNOW WHAT'S DOING WHAT WORK IN LIVER CANCER, THAT'S YOUR JOB TO FIND OUT WHO THAT IS, WHO ARE THE TECH TRANSFER CONTACTS HOW YOU PUT THEM IN CONTACT WITH AND YOU PREPARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOMINATIONS, FLC NOMINATIONS AND JUST PROMOTING NCI AND TECHNOLOGIES AND WHAT WE DO THAT'S YOUR MAIN, YOUR MAIN POSITION AS A MARKETING--MARKETING SOLO AND THERE'S THE LINK TO THAT POSITION. SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE REQUIRED SKILLS. STRONG SCIENCE BACK GROUPED IS PROBABLY NOT A PROBLEM FOR MOST OF YOU IN HERE BUT WHAT'S ALSO IMPORTANT IS THE ABILITY TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH A LOT OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES, BY NATURE, THE POSITION INVOLVES LEARNING ABOUT NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGIES SO YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO BE VERY FLEXIBLE AND BE ABLE TO KIND OF DEAL WHATEVER TECHNOLOGY COMES YOUR WAY, AND SO YOU JUST HAVE TO BE ABLE TO GET TO SPEED AS QUICKLY AS YOU CAN AND JUST, YOU KNOW MAKE IT SEEM LIKE YOU KNOW A LOT ABOUT THAT, LIKE A LOT ABOUT THAT TECHNOLOGY IN A VERY SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME. SO THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE ORALLY AND IN WRITING, YOU DEAL WITH A LOT OF DIFFERENT PARTIES, UNIVERSITIES, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PEOPLE, INDUSTRY, IT'S JUST--IT'S IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO CONVERSE WITH A LOT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF AUDIENCES AND ALSO IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO WRITE WELL. A LOT OF THESE CASES ARE VERY COMPLEX AND SOMETIMES YOU'LL HAVE TO SUMMARIZE THE VERY COMPLEX CASE ABOUT PATENTING AND LICENSING AND YOU HAVE TO SUMMARIZE IT IN A PARAGRAPH OR 2 AND JUST GIVE PEOPLE WHO DON'T HAVE ANY FAMILIARITY WITH THE CASE, JUST A BRIEF SUMMARY OF WHAT'S GOING ON, ELIMINATE THE UNIMPORTANT DETAILS AND JUST GIVE THEM A FEEL FOR WHAT'S GOING ON IN A VERY SHORT AMOUNT OF SPACE AND TIME, SO IT'S GOOD TO BE ABLE TO WRITE CONCISELY AND CRISPLY. AND OF COURSE AN INTEREST IN CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY, THAT'S KIND OF THE FOCAL POINT OF WHAT WE DO IN THE OFFICE AND WORKING IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT, YOU DEAL WITH ALL DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT WITHIN NIH AND OTHER INSTITUTES DIFFERENT OFFICES, OUTSIDE PARTIES, SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO WORK IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT. AND THEN THIS IS SOME OF THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPENSATION, IT'S MASTERS DEGREE, THERE'S A SALARY, Ph.D. AND J. D. THESE ARE THE STARTING SALARIES, IF YOU HAVE MORE EXPERIENCE, THEN YOU MAY BE ENTITLED TO MORE. THE STIPENDS ARE PAID MONTHLY IN ARREARS, WHICH IS ONCE A MONTH. HEALTH BENEFITS ARE PROVIDED LIKE ANY OTHER NIH FELLOWSHIP. SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE REQUIREMENTS, YOU NEED AT LEAST A BACHELOR'S IN BIOLOGY OR CHEMISTRY OR SOME TYPE OF SCIENCE AND IN ADDITION TO THAT, YOU NEED AN ADVANCED DEGREE, NOT AS A SCIENCE OR Ph.D. OR LAW DEGREE, USUALLY THERE'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF DEGREES. SO USUALLY IF YOU--WHAT YOU PROBABLY HAVE IS PROBABLY SUFFICIENT IF YOU SHOW AN INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER. IT'LL PROBABLY WORK REGARDLESS OF WHAT YOUR SPECIFIC DEGREE IS AND YOU MUST BE A U.S. CITIZEN OR PERMANENT RESIDENT, HOLDING GREEN CARD OR ELIGIBLE FOR CITIZENSHIP WITHIN 4 YEARS AND RECEIVED YOUR MOST CURRENT DEGREE WITHIN THE LAST 8 YEARS. SO APPLY NOW. SO I WOULD JUST LIKE THE NIAID PROGRAM FOR FELLOWSHIP. THEY ACCEPT APPLICATIONS ALL YEAR ROUND. YOU NEED THE RESUME, STATEMENT OF INTEREST AND 2 LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION AND CAN YOU GET THAT INTOg@ow OUR HR PERSON, KAREN GRIFFIN AND WE DO ACTUALLY HAVE SOME OPENINGS COMING UP IN BOTH THE MARKETING AND THE NEGOTIATION TRACK. THERE IS A LOT OF TURN AROUND BETWEEN FELLOWS, NOT BECAUSE IT'S A JOB THAT PEOPLE DON'T LIKE, IT'S BECAUSE THEY GET POSITIONS ELSEWHERE, THEY GET THEM AT NCI OR OTHER INSTITUTES OR INDUSTRY, SO THERE IS A LOT OF TURN AROUND. SO MAKE SURE YOU GET YOUR APPLICATION IN AND CHECK IN ON THE STATUS OF IT EVERY NOW AND THEN, AND WE GET--IT IS COMPETITIVE, CHECK-IN, SEE HOW YOUR APPLICATION IS DOING, MAKE IT KNOWN WHO YOU ARE AND THAT SHOULD GO A LONG WAY IN HELPING YOU GET 1 OF THESE POSITIONS. THE POSITION ITSELF IS AN ENTRY LEVEL POSITION, SO YOU'RE NOT EXPECTED TO HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF TECH TRANSFER EXPERIENCE, BUT IT IS NICE IF YOU TAKE--IF YOU TAKE CLASSES OR DO THINGS TO SHOW THAT YOU HAVE AN INTEREST IN TECH TRANSFER AND THESE ARE SOME OF THE CERTIFICATIONS YOU CAN GET, THE USPTO, THE PATENT BAR AND TAKE THIS TO SIT FOR THIS, YOU DON'T NEED A LAW DEGREE. ALL YOU NEED IS JUST A SCIENCE DEGREE, WHICH I THINK MOST OF YOU PROBABLY HAVE. AND THEN WE DEAL A LOT WITH CLINICAL AGREEMENTS, THAT'S AN IMPORTANT PART OF WHAT WE DO, JUST GOING THROUGH THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF OF THE PROCESS AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS CERTIFICATION, IT WOULD DEFINITELY GIVE YOU A GOOD BACKGROUND AS TO SOME OF THOSE ASPECTS, AND THEN THE L. E. S., LICENSING EXECUTIVE SOCIETY, THEY HAVE THEIR OWN CERTIFICATION. IT DEALS WITH LICENSING. AND THEN THERE'S ALSO THE TECH TRANSFER F. A. E. S. PROGRAM, CERTIFICATE PROGRAM WHICH RICHARD MENTIONED, THAT'S A GOOD WAY. YOU DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE TO FINISH ALL THE CLASSES, MAYBE IF YOU TAKE A CLUES OR 2, SHOW THAT HAVE YOU AN INTEREST IN TECH TRANSFER, THAT WILL GO A LONG WAY. AND IF YOU WANT TO CONTACT KAREN GIVEIN IS IN THE ROCKVILLE OFFICE. SHE'S THE HR PERSON, IF HAVE YOU ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SPECIFICS FOR APPLYING, CONTACT HER, SO IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE A FELLOW WITH WHAT THE PROGRAM'S LIKE, CAN YOU DON TACT ME, THAT'S PRETTY MUCH IT, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU CHARLES AND OUR NEXT SPEAKER AND CHRIS Mc ANDROGEN--Mc ANDREW, HE WAS A POST DOC AT THE NIH AND BEFORE THAT HE GOT HIS Ph.D. AND MASTER IN CHEMISTRY FROM UC SAN DIEGO AND WHILE HE WAS THERE, HE TOOK ACTUALLY 1 OF THE COURSES THAT CHARLES HAD UP, 1 OF THE REGULATORY AFFAIRS CERTIFICATE PROGRAM AND HE ALSO TOOK--LIKE HE HAD A FEW OTHER PROGRAMS LIKE HE SHOWED INTEREST IN PATENT OR TECH TRANSFER OR YOU KNOW IN THIS CAREER AND RIGHT NOW, HE IS--AS I SAID HE'S A PATENT AGENT THAT'S IN DC AND HE'S ALSO ADMITTED HOW DO YOU SAY--IS ADMITTED TO PRACTICE BEFORE THE USCPO? OKAY. AND HE DOESN'T HAVE A SLIDE, HE WAS GOING TO GIVE US A SUMMARY AND TALK TO US ABOUT--OH YOU DO HAVE A SLIDE. HE DOES HAVE A SLIDE. SO HOE WILL TALK TO US--HE WILL TALK TO US ABOUT THAT. >> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU ADEOLA. SO LIKE SHE SAID, I'M CHRIS Mc ANDREW, I WAS SITTING IN YOUR SEAT 9 MONTHS AGO. SO THERE IS HOPE, CAN YOU GET OUT OF SCIENCE IF YOU WANT. BUT YEAH, I WANT THE TO JUST GO THROUGH WHAT I DO NOW AND WHY I LIKE IT SO MUCH COMPARED TO BEING IN THE LAB. SO WHAT DO WE DO OVER AT WSGR? WELL, WE BASICALLY, GET SMALL BIOTECH, WE FOCUS ON SMALL BIOTECH, NOT LARGE COMPANIES AND WE GET THEM PATENTS TO PROTECT, THE EPITHELIAL LECTUAL PROPERTY AND WE AND I STRONGLY BELIEVE THAT WE HAVE A HIGHER ABILITY TO CHANGE THE WORLD BECAUSE OF THIS, THAN JUST WORKING IN THE LAB. I REALLY FOUND THAT WHILE I WAS WORKING AT THE LAB, THE PUBLISHING WAS GREAT, I DIDN'T FEEL LIKE I WAS MAKING A CHANGE TO THE WORLD FOR THE POSITIVE. AND BEING A PATENT AGENT AND DEALING WITH SMALL BUSINESS THAT GET A PRODUCT TO PEOPLE THAT HELPS THEM IS WHAT THE BIG DIFFERENCE IS. SO, CAREER AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GIVES YOU A CHANCE TO GET A REAL IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES FROM THE LABS, TO THE PATIENTS TO IMPROVE LIVES. SO HERE'S A WEEK IN MY LIFE. WE DEAL WITH PAT EPT PROSECUTION, LICENSING HAS ALREADY BEEN DISCUSSED, DUE DILIGENCE AND PATENT LITIGATION, I DON'T SPECIFICALLY DEAL WITH LITIGATION, BUT, I'D SAY, HALF OF MY TIME IS SPENT DRAFTING APPLICATIONS, WE HAVE CLIENTS CALLING ALL THE TIME, SAYING, OH I DISCOVERED THIS. LET'S GET THIS DRAFTED. AND WE SUBMIT THE APPLICATIONS TO THE USPTO WHERE IT GERONTOLOGYSTSS EXAMINED BY AN EXAMINER AND USUALLY THE EXAMINERS ARE I HAVE INTELLIGENT. THEY ALL HAVE PH Ds NORMALLY AND ESSENTIALLY THERE'S AN ARGUMENT BACK AND FORTH ON WHETHER OR NOT THE INVENTION IS ACTUALLY NOVEL. AND NOT OBVIOUS. AND YOU CAN'T INVENT THE WHEEL TWICE, SO EITHER THROUGH THOSE COMMUNICATIONS, YOU CAN EITHER GET A PATENT OR YOU DON'T. SOMETIMES IT CAN BE DRAWN OUT FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME AND COST A LOT OF MONEY AND SOMETIMES IT'S A NOVEL IDEA AND IT GOES RIGHT THROUGH. LICENSING, I WON'T BOTHER YOU WITH THAT AGAIN, IT'S ALREADY BEEN FULLY DISCUSSED. DUE DILIGENCE AND A LARGE PART OF WHAT WE DO, A LOT OF COMPANIES WILL COME TO US FROM ANOTHER LAW FIRM THAT THEY'RE NOT HAPPY WITH AND THEY'LL SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT DO WE ACTUALLY HAVE HERE, DO WE HAVE A GOOD PORTFOLIO. AND I THINK A BIG THING TO REMEMBER THAT A PATENT DOESN'T GIVE YOU THE RIGHT TO DO SOMETHING, IT BLOCKS OTHER PEOPLE FROM DOING THAT THING. SO YOU CAN--CAN YOU HAVE THE PATENTS IN THE WORLD AND NOT BE ABLE TO ACTUALLY OPERATE AND DO WHAT YOU PATENTED. SO, THAT GOES ALONG WITH THE SECOND PLAN OR DUE DILIGENCE, IS DETERMINING WHETHER THE OTHER PARTIES THAT HAVE IP THAT CAN BLOCK THAT PARTICULAR COMPANY THAT COMES TO US, THEIR I. P. AND ACTUALLY MAKING THE DRUG OR THE DIAGNOSTIC. AND THEN LITIGATION IS BASICALLY, A WAR ZONE THAT'S USUALLY BETWEEN LARGE COMPANIES, THAT ARE ANGRY BECAUSE SOMEONE IS, YOU KNOW DOING SOMETHING THEY SHOULDN'T BE BECAUSE THEY HAVE PATENTS BLOCKING THEM AND IT ENDS UP BEING LAWSUITS AND EXOUTERITANT AMOUNTS OF MONEY SPENT IN ORDER TO DEFEND AGAINST THE PATENT INFRINGEMENT. SO THESE ARE JUST EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES THAT WERE HELPING, WE HAVE AN UNGODLY NUMBER, I'D SAY IT'S OVER 2 TO 300 COMPANIES THAT WE DO, OUR CLIENTS, I JUST PICK SOMEONE THAT MAYBE YOU WOULD KNOW ABOUT, THEY MAKE GENETICALLY MICROENGINEERED ORGANISMS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS AND DRUGS AND THE LIKE, AND THIS TECHNOLOGY IS FROM UC AND IT WAS ORIGINALLY FUNDED FROM THE GATES FOUNDATION. PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES, I'M SURE YOU HEARD THIS. THEIR TECHNOLOGY IS TRYING TO GET DOWN TO THE THOUSAND DOLLAR GENOME WHY EACH AND EVERY 1 OF US CAN GO IN, THROW DOWN A THOUSAND DOLLAR BILL AND SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT DO I HAVE, WHAT'S MY GENETIC CODE. THEY HAVE PLENTY OF PATENTS ISSUED, A STRONG I. P. PORTFOLIO, THIS TECHNOLOGY WAS BUILT AT CORNELL AND FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND, MY READING, I THINK WE'RE ALMOST 2 THE THOUSAND DOLLAR GENOME, IF I'M NOT MISTAKEN SO GO OUT THERE AND SEE WHAT YOU GOT. MODALITY, ANOTHER VERY WELL KNOWN CLIENT, THEY MAP PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION REINTONESES IN CELL SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND THIS TECHNOLOGY IS FROM STANFORD. WE ALSO DON'T JUST DEAL WITH COMPANIES TRYING TO MAKE MONEY. WE DEAL WITH NONPROFITS SUCH AS THE MILEIN PREPARE FOUNDATION, WE DEAL WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA FOUNDATION. THESE COLLABORATIONS, WON'T GO THROUGH ALL THE TEXTS, BUT WE HAVE A VERY DIVERSE PORTFOLIO OF CLIENTS, NOT JUST MONEY MAKERS ESSENTIALLY BUT PEOPLE TRYING TO GET THEIR TECHNOLOGY OUT, MUCH LIKE THE NIH WORKS, SO HERE'S THE TYPICAL DAY, IN THE LIFE OF A PATENT AGENT, THE WORK IS DIFFICULT, TO GET TO BECOME A PATENT AGENT, YOU NEED TO PASS THE PATENT BAR WHICH FROM WHAT I BELIEVE IS STILL THE HARDEST BAR TO PASS, IT HAS A 47% PASS RATE. IT'S NOT THAT HARD. ANY OF YOU GUY K'S--GUYS CAN DO IT, IF HAVE YOU A Ph.D., IT'S NOT THAT BAD, BUT ONCE YOU DO THAT YOU'RE ELIGIBLE TO PRACTICE FOR THE U.S. PTO, IT'S NOT EASY, WE WORK VERY HARD HOURS BUT THERE'S A LOT OF REWARD BASE TO IT AND YOU FEEL LIKE, LIKE I SAID, YOU'RE ACTUALLY HELPING PEOPLE SO HERE'S A TYPICAL SCENARIO, SOMEONE, I'D SAY THE NIH BECAUSE THE NIH WOULD OANCH THEIR I. P. BUT SOMEONE FROM CORNELL COMES UP WITH A GREAT NEW DRUG OR DIAGNOSTIC AND SOMEONE SAYS, ALL RIGHT, I CAN ACTUALLY MAKE MONEY OR SELL THIS, THIS IS NOVEL, THEY COME TO A LAW FIRM SUCH AS THE 1 I WORK FOR, WSGR AND A TYPICAL SERIES OF EVENTS IS WE LOOK IN THEIR LICENSING AND TRY TO LICENSE THE I. P. FROM CORNELL AND THEN WE HELP PITCH THEM TO THE VC FRIENDS OR CAPITALISTS AND TRY AND GET MONEY SO THEY CAN START GET THANKSGIVING ON THE MARKET. IDENTIFY AND LICENSE TECHNOLOGY FROM OTHER UNIVERSITIES THAT MAY BE NEEDED SO A LOT OF TIMES, LIKE I SAID, YOU CAN'T OPERATE JUST BECAUSE HAVE YOU A PATENT, BUT YOU CAN ALSO REACH OUT TO OTHER UNIVERSITIES THAT HAVE THE PATENTS THAT YOU NEED IN ORDER TO OPERATE AND LICENSE IT FROM72S%r THEM. , A GREAT EXAMPLE IS FOR THE FIELD OF MICROFOCUSED ONETTICS, FLUIDINE WAS 1 OF THE ORIGINAL COMPANIES THAT CAME UP WITH MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES AND THEY HAD THIS INSANELY BROAD PATENT THAT CLAIMS TO FLOWING A LIQUID THROUGH A DEVICE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT IF YOU USE THE DEVICE, YOU HAVE TO CALL THEM AND LICENSE IT AND THEY'RE VERY OPEN TO IT SO THEY MAKE A LOT OF MONEY DOING IT, ALTHOUGH I BEING THEIR PATENTS ARE UP IN A COUPLE OF YEARS. BUT ALSO, YOU KNOW HELPING THE COMPANY FORMATION, A LOT OF TIMES THESE PEOPLE ARE FROM UNIVERSITIES, THEY'RE POST DOCS LIKE YOU. THEY HAVE NO IDEA HOW TO--HOW DO YOU GET THIS PRODUCT ON THE MARKET SO WE GIVE THEM INFORMATION ON HOW TO GET A COMPANY STARTED AND THIS DEALS DIRECTLY WITH THE VENTURE CAPITALISTS AND THEN YOU GET DOWN TO THE NITTY-GRITTY OF DEFENDING THEIR DUE DILIGENCE OF THE VENTURE CAPITALIST AND PATENT OFFICE WHICH IS LIKE I SAID, CAN BE A VERY DRAWN OUT PROCESS, SOMETIMES, ENGAGE IN REDUCING ANDI LIMINATING I. P. THAT MAY BE DETRIMENTAL. A LOT OF TIMES, COMPANY VS ALL THESE PATENTS AND THEY'RE THE BEST, STRONGEST COMPANY IN THE WORLD ASK THEY'RE WORTHLESS WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO WHAT THEY'RE ALLOWED TO DO, YOU KNOW, MAKE AND CELL. SO THEY CAN EAT UP A LOT OF MONEY WHEN THEY'RE CHARGING THEM FOR STUFF THAT'S NOT GOING TO HELP THEM IN THE FUTURE. AND LIKE I SAID GET THE COMPANY GREAT PATENTS WITH BROAD CLAIMS AND ALSO HELP THE PARTNER THE TECHNOLOGY TO MOVE IT INTEREST THE MARKET RAPIDLY. SO HERE'S JUST 2 EXAMPLES OF THINGS YOU MAY BE AWARE OF. THAT OUR FIRM ACTUALLY WORKED ON AND HELPED TO GET PC R, YOU MIGHT HAVE USED IT IN THE LAB, THE ORIGINAL PATENT, THIS IS 1 OF THE MOST FAMOUS PATENTS EVER WRITTEN IN MY MIND. FROMOS, AND THE DNI MICROARRAY, SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE USED THIS. OUR FIRM DEALT DIRECTLY WITH THIS AND THIS IS STARTED IN--ACTUALLY AN UNRUBLE NUMBER OF CUTCHES BASED ON THE I. P. SO A LOT OF PEOPLE MADE MONEY OFF THIS STUFF. SO HERE'S MY SPECIFIC PATH, I WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE AS UNDERGRAD WHERE I GOT MY BACHELOR'S OF SCIENCE AND WAS HAPPILY ACCEPTED AT THE UC SAN DIEGO AND LIVED THERE FOR 6 YEARS IN THE SUN. GOT MY Ph.D. AND WHILE I WAS THERE, MY LAB RAN OUT OF FUNDING FOR THE LAST 6 MONTHS AND I HAD DONE, HIMY PUBLICATIONS,IVE WAS GETTING READY TO GET MY Ph.D., BUT INSTEAD OF SITTING ON MY BUTT AND DOING NOTHING, I DECIDE TO STUDY FOR THE PATENT BAR AND I GOT THE MPP OUT, READ THAT FRONT TO COVER, WHICH LOOKING BACK ON IT WAS PROBABLY NOT A GOOD IDEA, BUT STUDIED FOR IT, TOOK THE EXAM, PASSED THE FIRST TIME, FELT REAMLY GOOD ABOUT IT AND--REALLY GOOD ABOUT IT, USUALLY SCIENTISTS OF OUR CALIBER DON'T FEEL GOOD AFTER THEY TAKE TESTS, BUT THIS IS AN EXCEPTION, SO WHEN I CAME OUT FROM GETTING MY Ph.D., I WAS A PATENT AGENT SO I COULDN'T FINE FIND A JOB AT THAT TIME, THE MARKET WAS TERRIBLE SO A CAME BACK HOME TO MARYLAND AND I WORKED AS A POST DOC FELLOW IN THE ANTIBODY AND PROTEIN PURIFICATION UNIT WITH PAUL GOLDS MYTH I BELIEVE IS RETIRED SINCE. WHICH WAS A GREAT THING. HE LET ME WORK AT AN INTERNSHIP, WHICH THE O. T. T. WHICH THE FIRST 2 SPEAKERS TALKED ABOUT, IT WAS A GREAT OPPORTUNITY. OPENED DOORS, I SUGGEST YOU GUYS APPLY TO THAT IF YOU'RE THINKING A CAREER CHANGE AND THEN MY BOSS RETIRED SO ABOUT 3 MONTHS BEFORE HE DID SO, HE SAID WHY DON'T YOU GO FIND JOBS, EVERYBODY IN THE LAB, SO I APPLIED TO LAW FIRMS AND I WAS TELLING 1 OF THE SPEAKERS YOU'RE ABOUT TO HEAR, I STILL HAVE MY APPLICATION TO A LARGE NUMBER OF LAW FIRMS AND YOU FIND IF YOU DO THIS, MANY OF THEM ARE LOCATED IN D. C. AND BOSTON, SEEMS TO BE THE HOT SPOTS FOR PATENT LAW AND I SENT MY RESUME TO THE EXDEEP UTRY COMMISSIONER AT THE USPTO, THE PERSON WHO RAN THE PTO, I HAD NO IDEA WHO SHE WAS AND I GOT THE INTERVIEW AND I WAS READING UP ON HER BEFORE I CAME IN AND I WAS FLABBERGASTED BY THE FACT THAT SHE ACTUALLY ACCEPTED ME TO HAVE AN INTERVIEW, FIRST OF ALL, BUT IT WORKED OUT WELL. I THINK YOU'D BE SURPRISED THAT WHAT LAW FIRMS ARE LOOKING FOR. YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A PATENT AGENT. LET'S SAY--WE CALL THEM SPECIFIC ADVISORS IF YOU'RE NOT A PATENT AGENT, SO A LOT OF LAW FIRMS LIKE TO DEVELOP YOU FROM THE BOTTOM UP AND THEY DON'T WANT YOU TO BE ALREADY TRAINED FROM ANOTHER LAW FIRM. SO THEY ARE LOOKING FOR FRESH MEAT, IF YOU WILL. AND I THINK PROBABLILY THE BIGGEST THING IS ALMOST EVERY LAW FIRM, I DON'T FINISH IT'S ALL OF THEM BUT EVERY 1 I'VE SEEN HAS A VERY NICE PAYMENT PLAN FOR LAW SCHOOL. MY PARTICULAR LAW FIRM WILL PAY FOR LAW SCHOOL FOR US, ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS PAY TAXES BECAUSE IT'S ILLEGAL NOT TO, SO YOU HAVE TO--IF YOU GET ACCEPTED TO--I THINK THEY PAY FOR 5 DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES IN THE AREA, BUT IF YOU GET ACCEPTED THEY PAY FOR THE WHOLE THING FOR YOUR WHOLE TIME THERE. YEAH, IT'S TOUGH, HAVE YOU WORK DURING THE DAY AND GO TO SCHOOL AT NIGHT, BUT YOU GET PAID WELL AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO PAY FOR SCHOOL, JUST LIKE ALL OF YOU PROBABLY DIDN'T HAVE TO PAY TO GET YOUR PH Ds, SO IT'S A NICE TRANSITION. YOU KNOW, I WAS SO WON'T NOT HAVING THIS EXORBITANT AMOUNT OF DEBT GOING OUT OF SCHOOL AND I'M ACTUALLY ABLE TO KEEP THAT GOING THROUGH THE NEXT PHASE OF LIFE, WHICH I WAS HAPPY TO HEAR. SO WHY--WHY DID I DO THIS, WHY DID I GET OFF THE BENCH? MAYBE IT'S AN INHERENT QUESTION, BUT I GOT SICK OF RUNNING GELS EVERY DAY AND SICK OF DOING THE SAME THING AND NOT MAKING A BIG DIFFERENCE. HIPLENTY OF PUBLICATIONS I FELT GREAT ABOUT THE RESEARCH I WAS DOING, YOU BUT I DIDN'T FEEL LIKE I WAS DOING AN IMPACT, I ALWAYS QUOTE AN ESAY I QUOTE FOR GETTING INTO THE LAW SCHOOL. I TOLD MY APPARENTS I'M GETTING OUT OF LAB, AND THEY SAID, YOU'RE NOT GOING TO CURE CANCER ANYMORE DISM IT SUMS IT UP, 1 PERSON IN THE LAB WON'T CURE CANCER. BUT YOU HAVE A BETTER CHANCE WORKING AT A LAW FIRM OR WORKING FOR TECH TRANSFER OF GETTING THE RIGHT PEOPLE, THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY, AND THE RIGHT FUNDING TO ACTUALLY GET A DRUG ON THE MARKET THAT CAN AT LEAST HELP PEOPLE THAT HAVE CANCER. SO, YOU KNOW YOU REALLY FEEL THE IMPACT THAT YOU MAKE. ADDITIONALLY IT'S NOT JUST WORKING WITH ANTIBODIES AND GELS AND DNA, I WRITE BUSINESS MODEL APPLICATIONS, WE WRITE INTERNET BASED WEB APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH, YOU KNOW IT'S A VERY BROAD AREA OF SCIENCE. IT'S NOT JUST OF SMALL FOCUS THAT WE DEAL WITH. AND I LEARN SOMETHING NEW EVERY DAY AND I SAID WORK NOTHING THESE DIFFERENT AREAS OF SCIENCE AND YOU'RE EXPOSED TO A LARGE AMOUNT OF TECHNOLOGY, YOU DON'T HAVE THE CAPABILITIES OF KNOWING EVERYTHING. BUT ONCE YOU READ UP ON IT, YOU LEARN A LOT. IT'S VERY NICE BECAUSE I'VE IT'S ALWAYS BEEN A DRIVE FOR ME IN MY JOB. AND USE IT IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS, I DON'T KNOW IF SETTING ARE ALL THAT MUCH BETTER. SO THERE'S THAT CAVEAT, BUT YOU USUALLY HAVE YOUR OWN OFFICE, NOT LIKE YOU'RE CRAMMED TOGETHER, NEXT TO A BUNCH OF UNDERGRADS AND GRAD STUDENTS TRYING TO FIGHT OVER A COMPUTER MONITOR AND AT THE LAST POINT, YOU DON'T DO CELL CULTURE AND YOU CAN'T COMPLAIN ABOUT THAT. YEAH, SO I PRETTY MUCH HAVE GONE THROUGH THIS BUT DURING MY POST DOC, PASSED THE PATENT BAR, WORKED HERE, AND THEN I STARTED WSGR ABOUT 8 MONTHS AGO AND HAVE APPLIED AND BEEN ACCEPTED TO LAW SCHOOL SO THAT'S THE NEXT PHASE AND I REALLY LOVE MY JOB. THEY PAY EXTREMELY WELL, I DON'T WANT TO GET YOUR HOPES UP, BUT THE AVERAGE STARTING SALARY FOR A PATENT AGENCY IS ABOUT 90 K. WHICH IS PROBABLY DOUBLE WHAT YOU'RE MAKING NOW IS IT IS FABULOUS AND THAT IS ACTUALLY MORE END WHEN YOU GET MORE EXPERIENCE IN THE FIRM, YOUR PAY GOES UP EXORBITANTLY, I'VE ALREADY GOT A RAISE AND BEEN THEIR 8 MONTHS. THEY KNOW THE TALENT THEY HAVE AND THEY WANT TO KEEP THEM THERE BECAUSE EXPERIENCE IS HUGE AND GETTING YOUR FOOT IN THAT DOOR. SO HERE'S SOME OF THE SPECIFIC THINGS THAT WE DO. FREEDOM TO OPERATE SEARCH LIKE I SAID, JUST BECAUSE HAVE YOU A PATENT DOESN'T MEAN YOU CAN DO IT. SO WE DO THESE INSANE SEARCHES USING DIFFERENT SEARCH PARAMETERS WHERE WE GRAB ALL THE PATENTS AND WE SEARCH THE CLAIMS AND DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT THEY ARE BROAD ENOUGH TO COVER WHAT OUR CLIENT IS DOING AND WE MARK THEM AND SAY, ALL RIGHT, WELL WE DO A WHOLE ANALYSIS FOR THEM. DUE DILIGENCE, CAN BE ANY VARIETY OF THINGS, I'M ASSOCIATE WIDE I. P. PORTFOLIO. PROSECUTING PATENTS IS THE MAIN THING. WRITING OFFICE ACTIONS, TRYING TO TELL THE EXAMINER WHY WE BELIEVE OUR INVENTION IS NEW AND NOVEL AND NOT OBVIOUS, IS A LARGE PART OF MY DAY. AND YOU KNOW, BEING ABLE TO WRITE WELL, AND GET YOUR POINT ACROSS SUCCINCTLY IS CRITICAL. YOU KNOW YOU, YOU DON'T WANT TO BOG DOWN AN EXAMINER WITH THIS HUGE LONG PHOTOGRAPH OF FLUFF. WE JUST NEED TO GET TO THE POINT, CONVINCE THE PERSON THAT IT IS NOVEL. SO WRITING WELL IS A VERY KEY SKILL THAT'S NEEDED. WE ASSIST IN OPINION LETTERS TO VCs, WE DO PATENTABILITY SEARCHES ON WHETHER OR NOT WE BELIEVE THE TECHNOLOGY IS PATENTABLE. YOU CAN'T INVENT THE WHEEL OVER AGAIN. AND WE PATENT INVALIDITY SEARCHES FOR COMPETITORS, YOU KNOW SAYING, WELL, YOU'RE GOING TO SUE US AND WE SAY YOUR PATENT IS INVALID FOR THESE REASONS AND HOPEFULLY PREVENT LAWSUITS FROM HAPPENING AND THAT'S IT. APPRECIATE YOUR TIME. [ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU. OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS LISA, AND PRIOR TO JOINING MEDY IMMUNE SHE WAS A PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATE FELLOW HERE AT THE NIH AND SHE RECEIVED HER UNDERGRAD FROM BERKLEY IN--UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE FROM BERKLEY IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND Ph.D. FROM JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY HERE IN MARYLAND AND HER CURRENT ROLE AT MEDY IMMUNE IS SHE WORKED ON VARIOUS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MATTERS, STRATEGIC PATENT PROCESS AND VALIDITY AND SHE'S ALSO REGISTERED WITH THE USDPO AND DOCTOR? >> SO I THINK I'M THE ONLY PERSON WHO DOESN'T HAVE SLIDES TODAY. I JUST WANTED TO BE ABLE TO BE FLEXIBLE SO I COULD NOT TOUCH BACK UPON THINGS THAT OTHER FOLKS HAVE ALREADY SAID, SO, LET ME JUST START REALLY QUICK BY SAYING THAT I STARTED PRETTY MUCH LIKE ALL OF MY OTHER FELLOW SPEAKERS IN A CHAIR AT A SYMPOSIUM NOT UNLIKE THIS 1, KIND OF WONDERING WHAT ALL THIS PATENT STUFF WAS ALL ABOUT. I ACTUALLY HADN'T CONTEMPLATED DOING PATENT WORK, I WAS VERY MUCH IN THE MOMENT AT THE LAB, ALTHOUGH, UNDERSTANDING AND BECOMING INCREASINGLY AWARE OF WHAT I SAW AS POSSIBLY GRIM PROSPECTS FOREVER OBTAINING EXTERBAL FUNDING AND MAINTAINING MY OWN LAB. SO I WAS CERTAINLY OPEN TO OTHER POSSIBILITYS AND IN SIT NOTHING THE AUDIENCE, I HEARD ABOUT THIS PHYSICIAN CALLED A TECH TRANSFER OR TECHNICAL SPECIALIST AND YOU SORT OF ARE THIS LIAISON BETWEEN THE RESEARCHERS AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION AND I THOUGHT, KIDO THAT JOB THAT, SOUNDS LIKE A REALLY GREAT JOB AND I SET ABOUT TRYING TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THAT JOB AND ULTIMATELY, YOU KNOW YOU KNOW SOMEBODY WHO KNOWS SOMEBODY AND I CANNOT STRESS ENOUGH THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING. YOU SIGN FIND YOURSELF DOING EXACTLY WHAT YOU THOUGHT YOU WANTED TO DO SO THAT'S HOW I END UP AT MEDI IMMUNE. I'VE BEEN THERE 8 YEARS. I THOUGHT I WOULD GIVE YOU A FLAVOR OF WHAT IT'S LIKE TO WORK IN-HOUSE. BY THAT I MEAN, WORKING WITH WITHIN THE COMPANY AS OPPOSE TO BEING EXTERNAL AND WE ISHT ACT WITH THE PEOPLE LIKE THE FOLKS SPOKEN HERE ALREADY TODAY AT TECH TRANSFER OFFICES AND I BELIEVE WE HAVE SOMEONE HERE FROM THE PTO AND ALL OF US WORK VERY CLOSELY WITH THE PTO. OR COLLEAGUES AT THE PTO. SO WHAT DO I DO ON A DAMEY BASIS. I DO A LOT OF STUFF. VERY MUCH ALONG THE LINES OF MY ESTEEMED COLLEAGUES HERE, WE DEAL WITH PATENTS, FIRST AND FOREMOST, WE DRAFT PATENT AND WE PROSECUTE PATENTS AND PERSON MY PERSONAL PART IN THE COMPANY IS TO CAPTURE INNOVATION AS IT HAPPENS IN OUR LABORATORY AND THE GOAL THERE IS TO REALLY BE ABLE TO CAPTURE IT, AND PROTECT THOSE ASSETS FOR THE COMPANY SO THAT THE COMPANY CAN DEVELOP THEM INTO MEANINGFUL DRUG PRODUCTS, THAT'S OUR GOAL, YOU'LL FIND INCREASINGLY BUSINESS ARENA WHILE WE'RE ALL ALTRUISTIC AND WE WANT THE BEST AND WE WANT TO DRIVE GREAT MEDICINE TO THE PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM, IT IS FIRST AND FOREMOST MANY INSTANCES OF BUSINESS AND IT REQUIRES A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MONEY AND IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO CAPITALIZE THAT YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO PROTECT THAT INNOVATION, SO THAT'S FIRST AND FOREMOST WHAT I DO, I WORK WITH ANY SOMEBODY OF SCIENTIFIC TEAMS, WE ARE DEEPLY EMBEDDED IN THE RESEARCH THAT GOES ON, THERE'S NOT A WEEK THAT GOES BY THAT I DON'T SPEAK WITH 1 OR MORE SCIENTISTS ABOUT A REAL NUANCE, TECHNICAL ISSUE WITH RESPECT TO THE WORK THAT THEY'RE DOING, TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND IF THEY'VE REALLY GOT SOMETHING THAT WOULD NECESSARYITATE US--NECESSITATE US FILING PATENTS. SO WE'RE EMBEDDED IN THOSE TEAMS SO I KNOW THE INS AND OUTS OF WHAT'S GOING ON, THANKFULLY I DON'T HAVE TO DO THE CELL CULTURE. SO THAT'S SORT OF WHAT I DO ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS. I'M IN THERE, WITH THE TEAMS, LOOKING AT WHAT THEY'RE DOING, HAPPENING THE SCIENCE, IN ORDER TO KNOW WHETHER OR NOT WE NEED TO FILE A PATENT APPLICATION HOWEVER, DO I HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE BIGGER PICTURE, SOME OF THAT COMES IN WITH THIS TERM LANDSCAPING. I NEED TO KNOW WHO ELSE IS IN THIS SPACE AND WHAT ELSE THEY HAVE. JUST BECAUSE WE THINK IT'S NOVEL BECAUSE OUR GUYS DID IT DOESN'T NECESSARILY MAKE IT SO. SO AN IMPORTANT PART OF WHAT I HAVE TO DO EVERY DAY, IS UNDERSTAND THE "LANDSCAPE" WHO ELSE IS DO THANKSGIVING GREAT RESEARCH FROM A SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION AREASON ASA WELL AS FROM THE PATENT ARENA AND THAT ALLOWS ME THEN TO DRAFT A MEANINGFUL PATENT APPLICATION WHERE I DON'T INADVERTENTLY TRY TO CAPTURE WHAT SOMEBODY ELSE HAS ALREADY DONE AND SO THAT I CAN REALLY, YOU KNOW EXPAND IT AND MAKE IT AS BROAD AS POSSIBLE WITHIN THE CONFINES OF WHAT WE KNOW OTHER PEOPLE ARE DOING. SO I DO PREPARATION TO PATENT APPLICATIONS AND I DO THESE LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS, WE ARE A BUSINESS CONCERN. WE'RE VERY INTERESTED IN WHAT OUR COMPETITORS ARE DOING. SOY A LOT OF WHAT I MIGHT ON A GAIN DAY WOULD INVOLVE COMPET TITTER MONITORING, WHO'S DOING WHAT, WHO HAS WHAT PATENT APPLICATIONS— „; PUBLISHED, WHAT IT MEANS TO OUR BUSINESS, HOW CAN WE RESPOND TO THAT, WHAT AVENUES MIGHT WE SUDDENLY SEE THAT ARE OF INTEREST, MAYBE WE HAVE IDENTIFIEDED SOMETHING THAT IS REALLY AN AWESOME OPPORTUNITY. WE REACH OUT TO THE TECH TRANSFER HERE AT THE NIH AND WE SAY WE LOVE THAT TECHNOLOGY. LET'S TALK. OKAY? AND BY THEN, BY DOING THAT AND IDENTIFYING THESE THINGS WOOY CAN FIGURE OUT WHERE WE CAN GO TO REALLY BRING THESE MEANINGFUL PRODUCTS TO FRUITION. SOME OTHER WORK THAT I DO ON A DAY-TO-DAY BISIS AND THE PROGRAMS AND THE PRODUCTS I SUPPORT. SO BY THAT MAYBE THESE GUYS WANT EFFECTIVE TRANSFER OF MATERIALS, WE WANT TO SEE WHAT SOMEBODY ELSE HAS OR THEY LOOK AT WHAT WE HAVE WELL THAT HAS TO BE HANDLED CAREFULLY, PROPRIETARY MATERIALS INCREDIBLY VALUABLE TO ANY COMPANY AND SEE TO PROTECT THOSE ASSETS AND INSURE ALL THE PROPER AGREEMENTS ARE IN PLACE SO I MIGHT WORK WITH THE SCIENTIST TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL THOSE MATERIALS ARE BEING TRANSFERRED WITH THE PROPER CONTROLS IN PLACE. I WILL ALSO BE ININVOLVE INDEED IP ASPECTS OF THE CONTRACTS AND I'LL GET TO WHY THAT'S IMPORTANT WHY IT'S IMPORTANT IT'S ONLY CERTAIN ASPECTS OF CONTRACTS. THE ASK I'LL BE INVOLVED IN LITIGATION SUPPORT AS IT ARISES AND TOUCHES THE PROGRAMS, SO I MAY BE DOING RESEARCH, MAYBE TRYING TO IDENTIFY PRIOR ART, ART THAT WOULD SUGGEST THAT SOMEBODY MAYBE GOT A PATENT TO A LITTLE BIT MORE THAN THEY WERE ENTITLED TOO OF. SO LOTS OF RESEARCH, TONS AND TONS OF PERUSING OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PATENT LITERATURE THAT IS JUST PART OF THE BRED AND BUTTER OF WHAT I DO EVERY DAY. WE ALSO EVALUATE THE PATENT PORTFOLIOS OF OTHERS BOTH TO LOOK AT THEM TO THINK ABOUT LICENSING THEM, WE MIGHT ALSO BE LOOKING TO TAKE THEM DOWN, RIGHT? SO IT'S A--IT'S--YOU LOOK AT IT FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE EQUATION THERE. POTENTIALLY WE MIGHT WANT TO JUST BRING THESE THINGS IN. SO AS HAS BEEN MENTIONED, I'M NOT AN ATTORNEY, I'M NOT A PATENT AGENT, AT THIS POINT I'M NOT IN LAW SCHOOL, I DON'T HAVE IMMEDIATE PLANS TO GO TO LAW SCHOOL, SO, HOW DOES THAT WORK? WELL, JUST SO YOU KNOW, THERE'S NO REQUIREMENT IN MANY PLACES, NOT ALL PLACES, BUT THERE'S NO REQUIREMENT FOR MOST OF WHAT I DO THAT WILL--WELL, ALL OF WHAT I DO, REALLY THAT I BE AN ATTORNEY BUT THERE ARE LIMITS. SO AS A REGISTER TED PATENT AGENT, I CAN REPRESENT A CLIENT AT THE PTO IN THIS INSTANCE, THE CLIENT OF COURSE IS MY COMPANY, METAIMMUNE AND I CAN REPRESENT THEM IN JUST ABOUT ALL MATTERS AT THE PTO, I CANNOT REPRESENT THEM FOR TRADE MARK. ONLY ATTORNEY K'S DO TRADE MARKS. SO THERE'S LIMITATIONS. I CANNOT APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT, ONLY ATTORNEY K'S DO THAT. BUT I CAN CERTAINLY SUPPORT WHATEVER THE COURT CASES AND THE LITIGATION CASES ARE BEHIND THE SCENES, ALL RIGHT? SO, YOU'RE KIND OF BEHIND THE SCENES PLAYER IN THAT RESPECT. WE CAN CERTAINLY PERFORM THESE PATENT SEARCHES I'VE TALKED ABOUT AND WE CAN ASSIST WITH FREEDOM TO OPERATE ANALYSIS, BUT I CANNOT ADVISE MY CLIENT WITH RESPECT TO INFRINGEMENT, RIGHT? SO I HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL IN HOW I OFFER MY BUSINESS ADVICE BECAUSE IF I WERE TO OH, PINE ON AN INFRINGEMENT QUESTION AND OFFER THAT TYPE OF SUPPORT TO MY CLIENT, THAT WOULD NOT BE PRIVY TO ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE, I FALL OUTSIDE THAT BUCK EXPET INKER A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT--INCUR A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF RISK TO MY COMPANY THAT.'S A LIMITATION I HAVE. I CAN REVIEW ON CONTRACT PROVISIONS AND IN FACT I LEND A HEAVY HAND WITH THIS PEN IN SORT OF AMENDING THE CONTRACTS THAT GET PUT TOGETHER WITH RESPECT TO I. P. PROVISIONS BUT AS A PATENT AGENT I CANNOT DRAFT A CONTRACT OR A LICENSE. OKAY, SO THOSE ARE SOME OF WHAT I CAN DO AND WHAT I CAN'T DO, THERE'S LOTS OF OF OTHER NUANCES BUT JUST TO GIVE YOU A SENSE OF THE SCOPE OF WHAT I CAN DO, IN MY ROLE AS A PATENT AGENT IS OPPOSE TO AN ATTORNEY. AND I'M HAPPY TO DISCUSS WITH ANYONE WHO IS INTERESTED, KIND OF FROM A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS WHERE YOU HIT YOUR HEADOT CEILING OF NOT BEING AN ATTORNEY AND WHERE HAVE YOU A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF FREEDOM TO DO LOTS OF INTERESTING THINGS. JUST REALLY QUICKLY, I DO WANT TO TOUCH A LITTLEww  BIT ABOUT THINGS THAT YOU GUYS CAN DO IF YOU'RE INTERESTED. I'VE ALREADY MENTIONED NETWORKING, AGAIN, THERE'S CLEARLY A NUMBER OF OPPORTUNITIES IF YOU WANT TO GET INTO TECH TRANSFER AND TECH TRANSFER IS ON MY LIST OF SORT OF OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO YOU. THERE ARE STUDENTSHIPS, IT'S NOT UNCOMMON FOR FOLKS TO GO EITHER STRAIGHT FROM THEIR UNDERGRADUATE WORK OR FROM POST DOC AND GO RIGHT INTO LAW SCHOOL. AND IT'S VERY COMMON THAT YOU CAN NEGOTIATE A DEAL WITH A LAW FIRM AND THEY'LL PAY FOR IT. YOU WORK FOR THEM, EITHER DURING THE DAY OR PART-TIME AND THEN GO TO SCHOOL IN A NIGHT PROGRAM. THERE'S ALSO THE WAY THAT I DID IT WHICH IS ON THE JOB TECHNICAL TRAINING, I WENT IN AS A TECHNICAL SPECIALIST, DOING THAT LIAISON WORK AND WITHIN THE YEAR HISTUDIED FOR AND SUCCESSFULLY PASSED THE PATENT BAR AND THEN, BASICALLY GREW INTO THE POSITION THAT I HAVE NOW AS A SENIOR PATENT AGENT AT METAIMMUNE SLOWLY EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF WORK THAT I DID. SKILLS, YOU GOTTA LOVE SCIENCE. IF YOU'RE NOT LOVING WHAT YOU DO, AT LEAST ON A FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL, DON'T DO THIS BECAUSE THIS IS ALL ABOUT SCIENCE. GO TO LAW SCHOOL AND BECOME A CONTRACT ATTORNEY OR LITIGATOR MAYBE BUT YOU DON'T WANT TO DO PATENT WORK. SO THAT'S FOR SURE. ANALYTICAL THINKING, YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO DO IT. EVERY DAY YOU HAVE TO ANALYZE A FACT PATTERN AND WHAT MIGHT BE THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION AND MAKE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE BUSINESS AND YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO TRANSLATE VERY COMPLEX JARGON HEAVY SCIENCE INTO CONCISE LANGUAGE AND YOU'VE GOT TO BE ABLE TO SUMMARIZE EFFECTIVELY ON PAPER AND WHEN YOU'RE DISCUSSING THINGS IN CONVERSATION, WRITING, WRITING, WRITING, A LOT OF WHAT I DO IS WRITING, SO WHAT YOU WANT TO FEEL EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT FULLY CONTIARAS DEBT IN YOUR WRITING SKILLS YOU HAVE TO AT LEAST NOT HATE IT BECAUSE IF YOU HATE IT YOU WILL BE MISERABLE. SO IN TERMS OF ATTENTION TO DETAIL. IT'S NOT ONLY IMPORTANT TO SEE WHAT'S THERE AND BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER IT'S ACCURATE, IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT THAT HAVE YOU THE ABILITY TO STEP BACK AND ASK YOURSELF WHAT'S MISSING BECAUSE IN THE WORK THAT WE DO, A LOT OF THE TIME IT'S WHAT'S ON THE PAPER AND TURNS OUT TO BE THE MOST IMPORTANT AND I KNOW MY TIME IS UP SO I'LL STOP THERE, AND I'M HAPPY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS DURING THE ANSWER SESSION. THANK YOU OUR LAST SPEAKER IS A PATENT EXAMINERS AND FROM WHAT I BED YOU HAVE TO WRITE CONCISELY AND SHE WAS SITTING NEXT TO ME AND NODDING ABOUT THAT SO I GUESS ASA PATENT EXAMINERS SHE KNOWS AND EXPERIENCES THAT SHE IS SHE WORKS AND RECENTLY WORKED ON THE SIGNALLURE PROGRAM SO SHE CAN SIGN SOMEONE ON THE PATENT APPLICATIONS AND FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH AND HER Ph.D., AND UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA SHE JOINED THE7I8–F >> I WORK FOR THE U.S. PATENT MARK OFFICE, I SHOULD AND THIS HAD TO BE [INDISCERNIBLE] BEFORE I CAME HERE THAT ANY OPINIONS OR VIEWS ARE MY OWN REFLECTION OF MY OWN VIEWS AND NOT--MAYBE NOT REPRESENT THE USPTO. BUT I CAN TALK ABOUT WHAT I DO WITH THE PTO. SO TO GIVE YOU A BRIEF BACKGROUND OF HOW I GOT INTO BEING A PATENT EXAMINER, I WILL MENTION THAT I OBTAINED MY BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN HUMAN BIOLOGY, ANATOMY WITH MINOR IN CHEMISTRY AND WENT ON TO DO A Ph.D. IN CANCER BIOLOGY WITH AN EMPHASIS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND SUBSEQUENTLY I DID A POST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA IN THE DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES. IT WAS DURING THAT TIME THAT I WAS WONDERING EXACTLY WHEY WANTED TO DO WITH MY SCIENCE, I WAS DEBATING AND ALL OF MY COLLEAGUES MENTIONED, THERE WAS A LACK OF TENURED TRACK POSITION AT THE TIME WHEN I GRAT YOD. SO THAT REALLY MADE PEE WHAT I WANTED TO DO, I KNEW I WANTED TO BE IN SCIENCE, I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT I WANTED TO DO WITH IT, SO I DID RESEARCHING TO TRY TO FIND OUT WHAT I WANTED TO DO AND MAKE A DECISION TO NOT BECOME A PI, SO TO SPEAK, THAT'S WHAT WE TRAINED TO DO, AND BUT I WAS SUPPORTIVE POST DOC, ADVISOR WHO ENCOURAGED ME TO DO OTHER THINGS AND DECIDED I WANTED TO DO SOMETHING INFRINGING PATENT LAW AND SO I LOOKED INTO THE DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE CAREERS THAT I COULD HAVE. I ALSO TRY TO TAKE OTHER COURSES, TECHNICAL WRITING COURSES TO STRENGTHEN MY APPLICATION. THE NEXT THING I DO IS APPLY TO BECOME A PATENT AGENT BUT THE TIME THE PTO WAS HIRING A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF EXAMINERS THAT WAS ABOUT 2007. SO I WAS RECRUITED TO BECOME A PATENT EXAMINERS. SO THE TYPICAL CAREER PATH IN BEING A PATENT AND PATENTING IN GENERAL, I KIND OF RESEARCH I MIGHT WANT TO BECOME A PATENT AGENT OR TECHNICAL SPECIALIST AS MY COLLEAGUES HAVE MENTIONED, OR GO TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, DEPARTMENT AND AT AN INSTITUTION OR A UNIVERSITY OR I COULD GO AND PURSUE A DEGREE IN PATENT LAW AND BECOME A PATENT ATTORNEY OR BECOME A PATENT EXAMINER AS I MENTIONED BEFORE. I WAS LEANING TOWARDS BECOMING A PATENT AGENT BUT SUBSEQUENTLY I WAS RECRUITED TO PTO AND BECAME A PATENT EXAMINER. SO WHAT DOES A TYPICAL DAY IN THE LIFE OF AN EXAMINER. 70% OF THE WORK AS EVERYBODY ELSE HAS MENTIONED INVOLVES WRITING, A LOT OF WRITING. 70% OF WHAT I DO PRETTY MUCH WRITE AN OFFICE ACTION AND RESPOND TO WHATEVER PATENT CLAIM AND APPLICATION THAT IS PUT FORTH. DURING THAT TIME I DETERMINED WHETHER OR NOT THE CLAIMS MEET PAT EPT BILLING REQUIREMENTS WHETHER OR NOT THEY'RE OBVIOUS, MEET INDUSTRIAL APPLICABLE OR THEY'RE UNOBVIOUS AND NEXT, WE DO HAVE THE DEPARTMENT THAT DO SEARCH FOR US, BUT AS AN EXAMINER YOU DO HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SEARCHING YOUR OWN PRIOR ART, WHAT WE CALL, WHETHER IT'S--WHETHER OR NOT IT'S TRYING TO FIND THE INVENTION AND DIFFERENT PATENTS. IN A FOREIGN PATENT, IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, OH IT COULD BE SOME SORT OF ORAL PRESENTATION THAT WAS PRESENTED THAT CAN ALSO BE USED AS PRIOR ART. AS I MENTIONED, WE DOJ A LOT OF WRITING. WHETHER OR NOT, FOR AN INTERVIEW OR WRITING AN OFFICE ACTION OR CASE THAT WILL GO IN FRONT OF THE BOARD, WE WRITE WHAT IS CALLED EXAMINERS ANSWER, IN RESPONSE TO AN ATTORNEY APPEALS BRIEF. AND THEN, FINALLY WE ALSO DO A LOT OF CONSULTATION WITH INTERVIEWS WITH WHAT WE CALL PRO SAY INVENTORS, WHICH ARE INDIVIDUAL INVENTORS WE DON'T HAVE REPRESENTATION BY AN ATTORNEY OR A COMPANY AND ALSO WE CONSULT WITH ATTORNEYS AND WE HAVE ALSO WOMEN WHO MEET WITH MANAGERS WHO IS CALLED SUPERVISORY PATENT EXAMINERS. SO SOME IMPORTANT SCHOOLS THAT I THOUGHT WERE IMPORTANT IN DEVELOPING IN BECOMES A PATENT EXAMINER ARE STRONG SCIENTIFIC TRAINING AND BY SCIENTIFIC TRAINING I NOT ONLY RELY ON MY Ph.D., BACKGROUND, BUT ALSO IN MY URPD GRADUATE BACKGROUND, MY DEGREE IS IN CANCER BIOLOGY AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, BUT I'M TALLLY ASSIGNED TO A SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULE DIVISION, WHICH IS I DO A LOT OF COMPOUNDS, A LOT OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS WHICH I GOT, PRETTY MUCH MY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE, WITH MY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE. IN ADDITION, LIKE I SAID, YOU DO NEED TO KNOW HOW TO WRITE CONCISELY AND KNOW HOW TO GET TO THE POINT BECAUSE OTHERWISE IT'S--IT'S REALLY TOUGH IF YOU WANT TO ENJOY YOUR LIFE AS AN EXAMINER. ADDITIONALLY IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW HOW TO PROBLEM SOLVE NOT ONLY IN WRITING AND OFFICE ACTION, BECAUSE YOU KNOW HOW TO--YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO PUT TOGETHER DIFFERENT PRIOR ARTS, DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE AND PUT IT IN THE MANNER TO SHOW THAT AN INVENTION IS OBVIOUS, AND THEN, FINALLY, THE ABILITY TO MAKE A QUICK DECISION THAT IS SO IMPORTANT OTHERWISE, YOU CAN BE MISERABLE AS AN EXAMINER. ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS YOU LEARN IN WHAT WE CALL AN ACADEMY TRAINING IS TO KNOW HOW TO MAKE A DECISION AND LIVE WITH IT. AND THAT'S REALLY HARD TO DO. SO SOME OF THE CAREER PATHS THAT YOU CAN TAKE WITHIN THE USPTO. AS I MENTION I JUST COMPLETED MY FULL PROGRAM SO I'M A PRIMARY EXAMINER SO I CAN SIGN ALL OF MY WORK ON BEHALF OF THE UNDERSECRETARY OF THE UNITED STATES. IN ADDITION PRIMARY EXAMINERS CAN BE ASSIGNED TO A CONTINUED REEXAMATION UNIT. BROADEN THE SCOPE OF AN INVENTION OR PATENT THAT PEOPLE FEEL NEED TO BE RECALLED BECAUSE A THIRD PARTY CAN ACTUALLY COME IN AND QUESTION THE PATENT ABILITY OF SOME OF THE CLAIMS AND THEY CAN PROVIDE THE EVIDENCE OF WHY SOMETHING SHOULDN'T BE PATENTED AND AS A RESULT, YOU HAVE THIS DIVISION OR THIS PARTICULAR UNIT ACTUALLY REOPEN PROSECUTION AND EXAMINE THE APPLICATION OVER AGAIN. IN ADDITION IT CAN BECOME BASICALLY A MANAGER, COME IS A OPQA PERSON, A SPE IS A SUPERVISORY PATENT EXAMINER AND AT THIS LEVEL, YOU DON'T EXAMINE, CAN YOU ACTUALLY REMAIN--EXCUSE ME A PRIMARY EXAMINER FOREVER IF THAT'S WHAT YOU CHOOSE TO DO AND A LOT OF PEOPLE DO BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGING OTHER PEOPLE. IN ADDITION, YOU CAN ALSO BECOME A QUALITY ASSURANCE SPECIALIST BASICALLY THESE ARE PEOPLE WHO REVIEW SPECIFIC ACTIONS WITHIN THE TECHNOLOGY CENTER. AT THE U.S. PTO WE HAVE A DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR ENGINEERING, COMPUTER SCIENCE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS [INDISCERNIBLE] PART OF AND THERE ARE SOME OTHER SEMICONDUCTORS AND SOME OTHER 1S. BASICALLY YOU HAVE PEOPLE IN CHARGE, THAT BASICALLY PULLS OUT DIFFERENT OFFICE ACTIONS AND LOOK AT WHETHER OR NOT THE EXAMINERS IS DOING A GOOD JOB SO TO SPEAK SO IT'S AN INTERNAL CONTROL WITHIN THE USPTO, IN ADDITION TO HAVE THE OPQA WHICH IS THE OFFICE OF PATENT QUALITY ISSUANCE FOR THE ENTIRE PATENT ORGANIZATION SO YOU CAN BE ASSIGNED TO DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY CENTER, NOT JUST A SPECIFIC BIOTECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR EXAMPLE AND OF COURSE YOU CAN ALSO BECOME DIRECTOR. WHICH IS OVERSEEING THE MANAGERS. AND IF YOU DON'T HAVE A LAW DEGREE YOU CAN DO WHAT I HAVE BEFORE, AND THE PTO DOES ALLOW AND ATTEND LAW SCHOOL PART-TIME, FOR EVERY I BELIEVE FOR EVERY YEAR, FOR 6 MONTHS FOR THE USPTO AND THAT ACCOUNTS FOR ANY TIME YOU'VE WORKED THERE PREVIOUSLY. THEY PAY FOR LAW SCHOOL FOR YOU. IF YOU DO IT, YOU DO NOT WANT TO DO JUST STRAIGHT PATENT EXAMINATION, YOU CAN GO TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS WITHIN THE U.S. PTO, SOME OF THEM ARE OPLA, WHICH IS THE OFFICE OF PATENT LEGAL ADMINISTRATION AND BASICALLY WHAT THEY DO IS WHEN THE DECISION IS RENDERED, I'LL QUICKLY GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW OF AFTER AN EXAMINER REJECTS A CLAIM, THE CLAIMS CAN BE APPEALED TO WHAT WE CALL THE BOARD OF PATENT, APPEALS AND INTERFERENCE SUBSEQUENTLY CAN GO TO THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT AND EVEN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT SO WHENEVER THE DECISION IS RENDERED BY 1 OF THE COURTS YOU HAVE THESE--THIS DOESN'T THAT BASICALLY LOOKS AT DECISIONS AND DECIDE HOW WE ARE GOING TO PURSUE IT FROM NOW ON, FROM ANY OTHER APPLICATION THAT COMES IN. SO THIS IS WHAT THE DEPARTMENT HANDLES. THE OFFICE OF THE GENTLEMEN COUNSEL, SOLISSITYOR. BASICALLY THE PEOPLE WHO DULY REPRESENT THE U.S. PTO IN FRONT OF THE BOARDS OR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT OR THE U.S. SUPREME COURT AND YOU CAN HELP IN PREPARING FOR THE CASES THAT ARE GOING TO COURT. IN ADDITION CAN YOU BECOME AN ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE, BASICALLY YOU NEED A LAW DEGREE AND BASICALLY PRESIDE OVER THE BOARD OF PATENT OF APPEALS AND INTERFERENCE AND WE HAVE A DIVISION CALLED THE PC P WHICH IS PATENT CARPERATION TREATY WHICH IS THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION AND USPTO IS 1 ORGANIZATION THAT EXAMINES PATENTS IN OTHER INVEBTORS AND APPLICATIONS ALL OVER THE WORLD AND YOU HAVE THE EPO, THE GPO WHICH ARE SOME OF THE MAJOR ORGANIZATION THAT BASICALLY OVERSEE APPLICATIONS THAT ARE BEING SENT TO VARIOUS AREAS WE EXAMINE IT ON BEHALF OF THE APPLICANT AND WE DO THE SEARCH RESULTS TO THE APPLICATION. SO THIS IS WHAT YOU WOULD DO IN THE PC P DIVISION. WE ALSO HAVE THE OFFICE OF PETITION, WE HAVE A RETURNING PETITION FROM THAT REASON AND THAT DEPARTMENT, AND FINALLY I THINK THAT'S 1 OF THE--1 OF THE THINGS I ACTUALLY LIKE IS THE EXTERNAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, BASICALLY THEY TRAIN FOR IP AS THEY CALL THEM. THEY BASICALLY TRAIN FOREIGN PATENT EXAMINERS IN THE WILLINGITY OF U.S. LAWS AND HOW U.S. LAWS BASICALLY APPLY TO CLAIMS AND WE ALSO SEND DIFFERENT PEOPLE FROM THE USPTOTO GO AND TEACH PEOPLE ABOUT U.S. LAW IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF COURSE YOU MIGHT NEED OTHER CRITERIA, OTHER SKILLS I SHOULD SAY SUCH AS MAYBE KNOWING ANOTHER FOREIGN LANGUAGE MIGHT HELP AND BE FREE TO HAVE THESE PARTICULAR POSITIONS. SO TO SUMMARIZE SOME OF THE IMPORTANT JOB SCALE, AGAIN IT'S THE SAME, THE SAME EXACT SKILLS THAT HAVE BEEN MENTIONED BEFORE, YOU DO NEED TO HAVE GOOD ORAL SKILLS BECAUSE YOU DO INTERACT A LOT WITH THE ATTORNEYS WITH THE FOREIGN ATTORNEYS OR U.S. ATTORNEYS, AND LIKE I SAID, CROSS THE INVENTOR AND IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND THE ACTUAL WAY THAT A PATENT EXAMINATION WORKS SO YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN IN DETAIL, EXACTLY HOW--HOW THE APPLICATION PROCESS WORKS. YOU ALSO HAVE TO ON HAVE GOOD WRITING SKILLS AND SHARPEN TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AS I MENTIONED BEFORE AND YOU NEED TO REMEMBER NOT ONLY WHAT YOU HAVE DONE IN YOUR CO-START IN YOUR Ph.D. BUT ALSO WHAT YOUnw (f YOUR UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES AND AS 1 OF MY COLLEAGUES ON METAIMMUNE MENTIONED, YOU NEED TO EXPLAIN COMPLEX IDEAS AND BE ABLE TO RELATE IT IN SIMPLER TERMS ESPECIALLY FOR THE INVENTORS, ALL THEY DO IS GIVE THEM THEIR PAT SPENT YOU HAVE TO EXPLAIN TO THEM HOW THE PROCESS WORKS. AND THAT'S ABOUT IT. IF YOU NEED TO CONTACT ME THIS, IS MY INFO AND NETWORKING IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IN THE PTO, YOUR APPLICATION CAN GET LOST IN THE SHUFFLE. SO IT'S GOOD TO KNOW SOMEBODY WHAT CAN PASS ALONG YOUR APPLICATIONS PRIMATESICATION. DINNER THAT AND THAT'S IT. [ APPLAUSE ] SO I NOW WOULD LIKE TO OPEN THE PANEL AND ASK THE SPEAKERS TO SIT IN THE FRONT. THANKS AGAIN FOR YOUR REALLY GREAT PRESENTATION AND GREAT INSIGHT INTO YOUR EVERYDAY LIFE AND PERSPECTIVES FOR PEOPLE WHO ATTEND AND GO INTO BUSINESS. I ALSO WOULD REMIND--WOULD LIKE TO EVERYONE IN THE AUDIENCE SO PLEASE USE THE MICROPHONES FOR THE QUESTIONS SO THEY CAN BE ALSO HERE. SO ANYONE GOING TO STEP UP? >> SOME OF THESE WERE DISCUSSED THROUGH EVERYBODY, BUT WHAT IS THE GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, I'M ASSUMING ONCE YOU LEAVE THE SCIENCE FIELD YOU'RE STUCK IN THAT IP PATENT PROCESSING, NOT TO STAY STUCK BUT YOU'RE IN THAT FIELD SO IT SEEMS LIKE A GENERAL FIELD GOING FROM PATENT AGENT TO PATENT ATTORNEY AND THEN I MEAN, I GUESS PARTER OR WHATEVER GOES BEYOND THAT BUT MOVING AROUND ALSO FROM GOVERNMENT TO INDUSTRY, WHAT ARE YOUR VIEWS ON GROWTH AND MOVEMENT IN THE FIELD. ANYONE? >> THERE'S A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY. I WOULD DEFINITELY SAY MORE SO THAN BEING A SCIENTIST NOT ONLY IS THERE A HIGHER CEILING BUT THERE'S ALSO DIFFERENT ROOTS TO TAKE. I THINK MORE AVENUES TO DREAD ASIDE FROM BEING A BENCH SCIENTIST. YOU KNOW YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO GO IN INDUSTRY OR BECOME A PI IN MY OPINION AND YOU KNOW IN PATENT LAW, LIKE YOU SAID, IT CAN BE AN EXAMINER WHICH HAS A WHOLE SLEW OF AVENUES TO TAKE WHICH I DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT, SOME OF THEM, THANKS FOR EXPLAINING THAT TO ME, BUT YEAH, AS A PATENT AGENT, CAN YOU GO BECOME AN DISPEARN THEN A PARTNER AND I MEAN I DON'T KNOW WHO ELSE YOU WOULD REALLY GO FROM THERE, THAT'S--THAT'S ALREADY REACHING THE SKY, SO, BUT YOU KNOW, I MEAN, LIKE IN MY CASE, I CAN WORK FOR A LAW FIRM NOW BUT I MIGHT GO TO METAIMMUNE 1 DAY OR A COMPANY LIKE THAT AND WORK IN-HOUSE AND BE AN IN-HOUSE COUNSEL OR YOU KNOW AND THE OPPORTUNITY GO GO BACK TO THE BENCH IS NOT GONE. YOU KNOW. IT'S PRETTY MUCH CLOSE TO THAT, I WAS BEING REALISTIC BUT YEAH, THERE'S A LOT OF AVENUES TO TAKE, YOU KNOW AND A LOT OF GROWTH WE HAD. >> [INAUDIBLE RESPONSE ] >> MY FIRM SPECIFICALLY WE DO EVERYTHING OURSELVES ASIDE FROM DRAFTING FIGURES. BECAUSE YEAH WE DON'T WANT TO SPEND OUR TIME WITH THAT BUT I DON'T KNOW, MAYBE YOU COMMENT ON THAT MORE? >> SO I COULD SPEAK TO IT CERTAINLY, I'VE SEEN FOLKS GO FROM PATENT AGENTS AND OF COURSE BECOME ATTORNEYS, FOLKS FROM OUR METAIMMUNE HAVE GONE TO LAW FIRMS AND COME BACK AGAIN. PEOPLE MOVE INTO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT FROM THIS TYPE OF PROFESSION, IT'S NOT UNCOMMON AT ALL, A LOT OF SMART PEOPLE GET TOGETHER AND SAY HEY, LET'S START A SPIN-OFF COMPANY, PEOPLE WILL JOIN VENTURE CAPITALIST GROUP THAT ANOTHER VERY COMMON NEXT STEP THAT PEOPLE WILL TAKE, SO YOU'VE GOT BUSINESS, YOU'VE GOT YOUR SORT OF FUND BUSINESS, THERE'S ALSO LIKE YOU SAY, OTHER SORT OF MAYBE LESS INTENSE CAREER TRACKS MIGHT INVOLVE BECOMING A PROFESSIONAL SEARCHER, METAIMMUNE HAS HISTORICALLY HAD AND NOT HAD DEPENDING ON HOW LONG PEOPLE STAYED AND WHERE THEY WENT AND WHERE THEIR CAREER TRAJECTORIES WENT AND WE HAVE HAD THEM IN-HOUSE AND WE'VE CONTRACT WIDE PATENT OFFICERS TO GET THAT WORK DONE. SO THAT PATH IN ITSELF MAY BE I LITTLE MORE LIMITING THAN SOME OF THE OTHERS. BUT CERTAINLY WITHIN, ONCE YOU'RE IN HOUSE YOU CAN GO IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS, YOU CAN CHOOSE TO SPECIALIZE IN DIFFERENT AREAS WITHIN THE PATENT SORT OF PROFESSION. SO I REALLY DO THINK IT'S WIDE OPEN IN WHERE YOU CAN GO. >> IF I COULD ADD TO THAT, SO WHEN WE WERE NEGOTIATING WITH COMPANIES THEY AWIVE BRING IN THE PATENT GUY AND THE WOMAN AND THE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PERSON SO THERE'S A LOT THERE. SO I CAN AMPLIFY THAT, BUT BEYOND THAT AT UNIVERSITIES THERE ARE--23 YOU LOOK YIEWND NIH, THERE ARE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICES AND THOSE ARE OFFICES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR A LOT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF LICENSING, OF SPIN OFFACTIVITIES AND ALL OF THESE SOME EXPOSURE TO PATENTS, SOME TRAINING IN THERE, ARE VERY GOOD IDEAS BECAUSE THAT'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF THE CORE OF THE VALUE THAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT, SO THOSE ARE IMPORTANT AS WELL. >> AT THE NIH 1 OF THE AREAS FOR GROWTH YOU CAN DO, WE HAVE A POLICY, O. T. T. IS A SEPARATE OFF THEY'S DEALS WITH POLICY AND I THINK EACH OF THE INSTITUTE VS AN INSTITUTE THAT DEAL WITH POLICY AND THEY DO A LOT OF THE DIFFERENT THINGS. THEY LOOK AT THE EFFECTIVE CASE LAW AND HOW IT AFFECTS NIH'S MISSION AND HOW WE DO, WHAT WE DO, AND THEY ALSO LOOK AT THE TRENDS AND PATENT FILING OR PATENT FILINGS UP, DOWN, HOW DOES THIS AFFECT WHAT WE DO. SO POLICY IS ANOTHER AREA FOR THE GOVERNMENT THAT CAN YOU GO INTO. --YOU CAN GO INTO. >> I HAVE 2 DIFFERENT QUESTIONS. IN YOUR JOBS DO HAVE YOU A LOT OF PRESSURE--YOU HAVE A LOT OF PRESSURE TO ATTEND LAW SCHOOL AND MY SECOND QUESTION IS, WHAT IS YOUR WORK LOAD LIKE? MEANING IS IT MORE LIKE A 9 TO 5 JOB OR LIKE A SCIENTIST, WORKING ON THE TIME INCLUDE HANDWRITING YOU'RE SLEEPING? --INCLUDING WHEN YOU'RE SLEEPING? >> I'LL START AGAIN. AT THE PATENT OFFICE WE DO HAVE PRODUCTION, MEANING THAT THE TRUTH IS WE HAVE ABOUT 600,000 CASES OVERDUE SO THERE'S ALWAYS WORK TO DO. THAT'S 1 THING. AS FAR AS PRODUCTION, I DON'T THINK IT'S THAT HARD TO MAKE ONCE YOU HAVE--I THINK HAVING A Ph.D., YOU USE THE WORKING REALLY HARD, I DON' THAT'S GOING TO BE A PROBLEM TO MAKE PRODUCTION. AS FAR AS--I'M SORRY, I DIDN'T--I CAN'T REMEMBER THE SECOND QUESTION, THE FIRST QUESTION IS DO HAVE YOU PRESSURE TO GO THROUGH LAW SCHOOL? >> NO AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO, PROBABLY THERE'S MUCH MORE OPPORTUNITIES WITH THE LAW DEGREE, TO DO MORE THINGS BUT AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, YOU CAN REMAIN PATENTA EXAMINER AND FOR A LONG TIME AND WE HAVE 6 AND 7 YEAR-OLD PATENT EXAMINERS THAT JUST DON'T WANT TO LEAVE WHICH IS FINE. THERE'S NO PROBLEM WITH THAT. BUT, YOU BASICALLY AS I SAID WITHOUT A LAW DEGREE, CAN YOU BECOME A SUPERVISOR, MANAGER AND OF COURSE YOUR SALARY INCREASES AS YOU GO HIGHER OR DIRECTOR AS WELL. SO THAT'S NOT REQUIRED. THAT YOU ACTUALLY GO TO LAW SCHOOL AND I ALSO SHOULD MENTION THAT WHEN YOU BECOME A PATENT EXAMINER, YOU DO HAVE TRAINING IN U.S. PATENT LAW SO YOU DON'T ACTUALLY HAVE TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE A PRIORI ON PATENT LAW. >> WELL I HAVE A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT RESPONSE WORKING AT A LAW FIRM, THERE IS PRESSURE TO GO TO LAW SCHOOL, THEY DO WANT YOU TO. IT'S NOT A REQUIREMENT BUT THEY YEAH, THERE ISfp‡-G]GX3 z‡LZ lr WE WORK--I'VE WORKED REALLY HARD IN LABS, I WORK EVEN HARDER NOW. I PROBABLY WORK AN AVERAGE OF LIKE 13 HOURS A DAY I WOULD SAY. IT'S ALL ABOUT EFFICIENCY. SO IF YOU'RE--I'M NOT THE BEST WRITER YET, SO I STRUGGLE SOMETIMES WITH WRITING HUNDRED PAGE APPLICATIONS BUT I'VE GOTTEN PROGRESSIVELY MORE EFFICIENT AT IT SO I THINK IN A COUPLE MONTHS I'LL BE HOPEFULLY WORKING 11 HOURS A DAY BUT YEAH, IT'S ALL ABOUT YOUR EFFICIENCY, SO IF YOU'RE FAST AT WHAT YOU DO, YOU CAN GET OUT OF THERE AT 9-5, BUT IT'S NOT A 9-5. IT'S NOT. SO I MEAN THE PRESSURE TO GO TO LAW SCHOOL IS THERE, BUT I SAID I'LL PAY FOR IT. >> THE PATENT OFF SIS OPEN OFFICIALLY WORK DAYS. --11:00 P.M. TONIGHT SO YOU CAN COME IN AT 6 AND DECIDE YOU WANT TO LEAVE, YOU LEAVE, YOU COME BACK, DOESN'T MATTER AS LONG AS YOU DO THE JOB WITHIN A 40 HOUR WORK WEEK. >> I CAN DO MY WHOLE JOB FROM HOME, TOO IF I WANTED TO. IT'S ALL ON COMPUTER, SO, IT'S NOT LIKE YOU HAVE TO GO TO THE OFFICE. >> ONE MORE THING, I'M SORRY. [LAUGHTER] , NOW THAT HE MENTIONED ABOUT--WE ALSO HAVE A PROGRAM CALLED HOTELING NOW THAT CAN YOU ACTUALLY WORK FROM ANYWHERE IN THE U.S. AND BE ABLE TO ACCESS THE PTO AND THE SITES WHICH IS WELL SECURED AND YOU CAN DO THE WORK FROM HOME. IT'S ACTUALLY NOT AVAILABLE FOR DIRECTORS YET, AND MANAGERS HAVE SOME SORT OF A PART-TIME HOTELING PROGRAM RIGHT NOW, BUT AS AN EXAMINER YOU CAN WORK FROM ANYWHERE IN THE 48 CONTIGUOUS STATES NOT HAWAII OR ALASKA. >> I WAS GOING TO ASK ABOUT THAT BECAUSE WE HAD PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES WITH PTO OFFICES IN WEST VIRGINIA OR SOME SOMEWHERE. ONE QUESTION I HAD ABOUT WITH THE FELLOWSHIP, WITH THE--HOW LONG ARE THEY? WELL IT'S LIKE A POST DOC FELLOWSHIP OR JUST IN TECH TRANSFER? AND THEN, WITH, LIKE THE NIH POST DOC AFTER 5 YEARS YOU HAVE TO GET OUT. SO IS IT THE SAME WAY THE FELLOWSHIP SO AFTER LIKE A YEAR OR 2, YOU'RE LIKE YEAH, I'M DONE, READY TO MOVE ON? >> I THINK WE BOTH, THE NIAID PROGRAM WOULD CHARACTERISTICKIZE THEM AS--CHARACTERIZE THEM AS FAST TRACK PROGRAMS. PEOPLE ARE COMING UP TO SPEED QUICKLY. I THINK I GOT MY BRIEF ORIENTATION IN THE MORNING OF WHEN I REPORTED THERE, I'D BEEN ON THE LAB ON THE FRIDAY, THAT MONDAY IN THE AFTERNOON I WAS ALREADY CALLING UP COMPANIES TO TALK ABOUT AGREEMENTS. AND SO THE MOVEMENT IS TO MOVE PEOPLE VERY QUICKLY TO AN INDEPENDENT STATUS. THEY BECOME VERY PRODUCTIVE VERY QUICKLY. AND THE PROGRAM IS TYPICALLY A 1 YEAR APPOINTMENT UP TO 3 AT NIAID, I'M NOT SURE WHAT THE-- >> IT'S 5 YEARS AT NCI AND YOU CAN BE A SCIENCE FELLOW FOR THE TOTAL YOU CAN BE 8 YEARS SO IF YOU'RE A SCIENCE FELLOW FOR 3 YEARS, THEN YOU HAVE AN ADDITIONAL 5 YEARS TO DO A TECH TRANSFER FELLOWSHIP BUT IDEALLY YOU WON'T BE THERE THAT LONG IN THAT PROGRAM BUT THE GOAL IS TO GET YOU OUT IN ANOTHER POSITION TO BE IN INDUSTRY OR UNIVERSITY OR WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT SO HAVE YOU UP TO 5 YEARS TO DO THE TECH TRANSFER FELLOWSHIP AND HOPEFULLY IT'S DESIGNED SO YOU WON'T NEED THAT LONG. >> ALSO DOES IT ADD TOWARDS YOUR FELLOWSHIP HERE, AND SOMEONE HERE AS A POST DOC AND 3 AND HALF YEARS AS A RESEARCH FELLOW AND HAS TO--DOES THAT COUNT TOWARD IT? >> YEAH IF YOU GET 8 YEARS TOTAL O 5 OF THOSE YEARS CAN YOU DO THE TECH TRANSFER FELLOWSHIP AND THEN THE OTHER, JUST A TOTAL OF 8 BEING AN NIH FELLOW UP TO 8 YEARS. >> NIAID PROGRAM IS SEPARATE FROM THE ERTA, I BELIEVE THE NCI WAS UNDER THE CERTA PROGRAM AND STILL IS, BUT IT'S NOT UNDER THE ERTA PROGRAM SO IT WOULD BE--IT WOULD BE SEPARATE FROM THEM, YOU'RE ACTUALLY COME NOTHING AS A CONTRACTOR FOR DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROGRAM CALLED ORISE. SO IT'S COMPLETELY DIFFERENT SO A PERSON, I BELIEVE YOU WOULD HAVE TO CHECK IT OUT AND THAT'S 1 OF THE QUESTIONS YOU COULD ASK TO THE WEB SITE. IS THAT THE PERSON COULD BE AT THE END OF THE PERMISSIBLE EARLY YEARS AND STILL APPLY. >> HELLO. THANK YOU FOR VERY INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION, I'M A POST DOC HERE AND I'M WONDERING, TO START WITH CAREER LIKE PATENT EXAMINER OR PATENT AGENT DO I HAVE TO COMPLETE ANY CERTIFICATIONS, HOW NECESSARY IT IS? OR KILOOK FOR A JOB--I CAN LOOK FOR A JOB WITH MY CURRENT EXPERIENCE, SCIENTIFIC EXPERIENCE? >> I'LL ANSWER THAT. I CAN ONLY SPEAK--WITH THE USPTO OFFICE, YOU DO NOT NEED ANY LAW DEGREE OR ANY ADDITIONAL TRAINING NOT EVENT THE CERTIFICATION EXAM BECAUSE BEFORE YOU BECOME A PRIMARY EXAMINER, DO YOU HAVE TO TAKE THE EXAM THAT'S MOST PATENT ATTORNEYS TAKE, ALTHOUGH IT'S A DIFFERENT VERSION OF THIS, ACTUALLY, BUT, DO YOU NOT NEED ANY OTHER REQUIREMENTS, JUST WHATEVER CREDENTIALS YOU HAVE AND THEN YOU JUST APPLY. >> BUT HAVE I HAVE TO BE [INDISCERNIBLE], RIGHT? >> YES, DO YOU HAVE TO BE A U.S. CITIZEN IN ORDER TO APPLY FOR THE USPTO. >> OKAY, BUT LIKE FOR INDUSTRY FOR EXAMPLE, IF THERE'S ANY--IN THE REAL WORLD. [LAUGHTER] EMPLOY. >> YEAH, IF YOU'RE ABLE TO SECURE A TECHNICAL SPECIALIST POSITION, THE PART OF THE SORT OF BALANCE OF THAT IS THAT THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIKELY TO TRAIN YOU, THAT WE NEED TO PRACTICE AT LEAST LAST, I CHECKED MANY COMPANIES WILL SPONSOR VARIOUS DIFFERENT TYPES OF VISAS THAT CAN ALLOW YOU TO STAY IN THE COUNTRY, WHILE YOU CANNOT BE HIRED BY THE TPO, YOU CAN OBTAIN WHAT'S CALLED A LIMITED PATENT REGISTRATION, SORT OF A LIMITED LICENSE TO PRACTICE IN FRONT OF THE PTO ON BEHALF OF A COMPANY IF YOU ARE NOT A U.S. CITIZEN. SO IT IS SOMEWHAT LIMITED IN THE SENSE OF WHERE YOU CAN PRACTICE. YOU COULDN'T SPIN OUT AND MAYBE START YOUR OWN IP COMPANY, BUT INSOFAR AS YOU WERE WORKING FOR A COMPANY LIKE METAIMMUNE, YOU WOULD HAVE THE ABILITY TO REPRESENT METAIMMUNE IN FRONT OF THE PATENT OFFICE. I HAVE ON NOT LOOKED INTO THAT OF LATE BUT THE LAST TIME I CHECKED THAT WAS AVAILABLE TO FOLK WHO IS DID NOT HAVE U.S. CITIZENSHIP. >> THANK YOU. >> SO CHRIS HAD AN INTERNSHIP'RE THERE INTERNSHIP, LIKE IF YOU STILL WANT TO DO YOUR LAB WORK AND ALL THAT STUFF, THERE ARE INTERNSHIPS AVAILABLE WITHIN THE NIH, LIKE YOU DO ONCE A WEEK OR LIKE FOR A MONTH IF YOU WORK IT OUT WITH THE PI WITHIN THE INDUSTRY OR THE USPTO OR TECH TRANSFER OFFICES ACROSS THE NIH. >> YES, THANKS, WE'VE HAD SEVERAL INTERNS, TO COME TO THE NIAID OFFICE AND IT IS MORE OF A SHADOWING KIND OF SITUATION WHERE THE PERSON WOULD COME IN WITH THE EXTRA TIME THEY MIGHT HAVE, DURING THE WEEK, BUT THOSE HAVE BEEN VERY INTERESTING TO THE PEOPLE THAT HAVE GONE THROUGH THAT HAVE HAD A LOT OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK ON IT THAT THEY LEARNED A LOT. AND THOSE ARE TYPICALLY, LESS THAN A YEAR AT A TIME AND NOT A WHOLE LOT OF TIME COMMITMENT. >> AT NCI WE HAVE DETAILS COME INULE THE TIME AND A LOT OF THEM ARE SHADOW PROGECS BUT THEY COME IN JUST TO DO SPECIFIC PROJECTS BUT THEY DO IT FOR 5 MONTHS OR 6 MONTHS AND THEY'LL COMPLETE THE PROJECT AND FOR EXAMPLE, WE HAD A DETAILEE COME IN AND THEY LOOKED AT OUR AGREEMENTS PROCESS, NEGOTIATION PROCESS, WITH BOTTLE NECKS AND HOW WE MAKE THESE MORE EFFICIENT AND HOW WE CAN STREAM LINE THIS PROCESS AND IT WAS SOMETHING THAT HELP THD PERSON AND GAVE THEM A LOT OF EXPOSE TOWER WHAT TECH TRANSFER IS AND SOME OF THE SITUATIONS YOU FACE IN A TECH TRANSFER OFFICE SO THERE'S A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY FOR DETAIL AT NCI. >> AT THE AT THE USPTO, WE DON'T HAVE INTERNSHIPS FOR POST DOCS AND Ph.D. STUDENTS IT'S NOR AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL TO GET STUDENTS TO THINK ABOUT PATENT CAREER IN PATENT AND EARLIER, AND STAGE OF THE CAREER SO THEY HAD THOSE KINDS OF STUDENTS ALSO FOR LAW SCHOOL STUDENTS BUT NOT FOR Ph.D.s, AND POST DOCS BECAUSE TECHNICALLY YOU COULD GET HIRED WITHOUT HAVING TO DO AN INTERNSHIP. >> SORRY TO SAY THAT'S METAIMMUNE NEVER HAD AN INTERNSHIP IN THE LEGAL ARENA ALTHOUGH I KNOW THAT THEY CERTAINLY HAVE HAD ANY NUMBER OF SCIENTIFIC INTERNS BUT IN OUR OFFICES, I EXPECT A LOT OF IT HAS TO DO WITH RISK MANAGEMENT AND THE POTENTIAL CONFIDENTIALITY ISSUES THAT COULD COME ABOUT HAVING SOMEBODY COME IN WHO WASN'T ACTUALLY EMPED BY THE AND, OUTLINE, CAN YOU BE A PARALEGAL, BUT YOU DON'T WANT TO DO THAT. BUT YOU KNOW, I THINK JUST, YOU KNOW JUST LIKE THE USPTO, JUST HIRE WIDE THE Ph.D., YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A PATENT AGENT, IT HELPS, LET YOU DO MORE THINGS FOR THE FIRM, INTERACT WITH THE USPTO BUT IT'S FOCUS ON THE REQUIRED. I WOULD SAY, HALF OF THE PATENT AGENTS TECHNICAL ADVISORS ARE TERMED JUST TECHNICAL ADVISOR. TECHNICAL SPECIALIST I CAN'T REMEMBER WHAT I CALL THEM BUT --I WOULD SAY ABOUT HALF THAT LEVEL OF PEOPLE ARE--ARE NOT PATENT AGENTS AND OUR FIRM DEFINITELY PUSHES THEM TO BECOME PATENT AGENTS WITHIN A YEAR BUT IT'S--LIKE I SAID IN MY TALK, IDœŽk FEASIBLE TO PASS. WITH ALL YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND BEING IN LABS AND GETTING YOUR PH Ds, IT'S KNOTS THAT MAN YOU WANTAL OF A TEST. >> MAYBE I'LL ASK 1 QUESTION FOR THE TEST BECAUSE I THINK YOU MENTIONED THAT YOU PREPARED FOR IT AND ACTUALLY PASSED IT WITHIN 6 MONTHS. WILE YOU WERE WAITING FOR YOUR FUNDING TO COME BACK AGAIN SO I THINK PEOPLE IN THE AUDIENCE WOULD BE LIKE OOH, NOT A TEST AGAIN OR. JUST HAPPY"v' –vIC t TO GET OFF BECAUSE IT SEEMS TO BE A VERY CRUCIAL FIRST ACCEPT SO CAN YOU MAYBE--STEP SO CAN YOU YOU MAYBE DESCRIBE WHAT IS REQUIRED HOW YOU CAN PLAN FOR THAT. AND SO ON, SO THAT SEEMS TO BE VERY GENERAL. >> YEAH, YOU KNOW IT'S NOT AN EASY FT. BUT IT'S NOT THE CONTENT AND THE MEMORIZATION THAT'S REQUIRE, IT'S A TEST ON THE MANUEL PATENT EXAMINATION PROCEDURES WHICH IS, I DON'T KNOW 4000 PAGES? IT'S LARGE. BUT OUT OF THAT, THERE ARE 4 TO 5 CHAPTERS THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY TESTED ABOUT 90% OF THE QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THOSE 4 TO 5 CHAPTERS. THE BIGGEST HURDLE, TO COME, TO GET OVER IS THE INITIAL START. WHEN YOU FIRST START STUDYING FOR IT AND YOU READ THIS MANUEL, I DON'T WANT TO CALL IT A MANUEL, IT'S LIKE IT'S OWN LIBRARY, BUT WHEN YOU FIRST START READING IT IT'S GETTING PAST THE LAW WORDS. YOU'RE GOING TO GET, THE FIRST WEEK I STUDIED I WAS LIKE I'M NOT DOING THIS ASK, AND THROUGH IT AWAY. BUT YOU COME BACK TO IT AND ONCE YOU SEE THE MATRIX AND SEE THE LAW JARGON AND SEE THROUGH IT, IT'S NOT THAT BAD. IT REPEATS ITSELF AN UNGODLY AMOUNT OF TIMES AND YOU KNOW THE CONCEPTS IN THERE ARE MOSTLY IN THERE AND THEY'RE VERY--YOU KNOW THERE'S NOT A LOT TO REMEMBER, IT'S JUST CYSTING THROUGH EVERYTHING IN THE MANUEL TO FIGURE OUT EXACTLY WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THE TEST. TO BE HONEST A LOT OF OF WHAT'S TESTED ISN'T NECESSARILY NEEDED IN A REAL WORLD ENVIRONMENT AND WE HAVE REMINDERS THERE,'S WHOLE CHAPTERS ON DATES AND TIMING AND ALL THIS STUFF, BUT YOU KNOW MY SECRETARY COMES AND PUTS IT ON THE DOCK EXPET SAYS GOTTA TO DO THIS TODAY, THAT'S YOU WHAT IT IS. KNOTS LIKE A 3 MONTH TODAY LINE, IT'S IN FRONT OF OUR FACES. THE TEST IS DIFFICULT, LIKE I SAID, IT'S THE HARDEST BAR TO PASS. BUT, I THINK IT'S BECAUSE OF THE AUDIENCE THAT TAKES IT. YOU KNOW, IT IS SCIENTISTS THAT ADEPT AT LAW YET, SO JUST STICK TO IT, I CAN SAY, READ IT, TAKE NOTES THERE'S A TON OF EXCELLENT WEB SITES THAT WILL EVEN GIVE YOU QUESTIONS VERBATIM FROM THE TEST. SO, IT'S NOT THAT BAD, YOU OLDSMOBILE HAVE TO GET SEIVET% RIGHT SO JUST--70% RIGHT. JUST PUT TIME IN. I PROBABLY PUT 150, A HEARD HOURS IN IT TO STUDY. NO SMALL FEET BUT IT CAN BE DONE YOU'RE ALL SMART. >> THEY CLASSES THAT TEACH SPECIFICALLY TO THE EXAM SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO WIDE THE MANUEL VERBATIM THEY CAN GET--THEY'LL TEACH TO THE TEST AND LET YOU KNOW, YOU KNOW THIS WILL BEOT TEST, SO A LOT OF THE TEST, IT'S A MENTAL GAME. IT'S A QUESTION THAT'S 5 PARAGRAPHS LONG AND THE QUESTION ONLY COMES AT THE END, ALL THE DETAILS ARE IRRELEVANT, THEY TRY TO MAKE YOU FOCUS AND GET A LOT OF INFORMATION THAT YOU DON'T NEED SO IT'S A MENTAL TYPE THING AND JUST ONCE YOU GET ADAPTED AND WHAT TYPE OF QUESTIONS THEY ASK AND-- >> AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO TAKE THE EXAM. >> [LAUGHTER] >> I HAVE A QUESTION REGARDING SALARY FOR THE POSITION THAT A POST DOC OR Ph.D. OR Ph.D. SCIENTIST WOULD ATTAIN, EITHER IN THE PATENT AGENT, PATENT EXAMINER CHECK OR IN THE TECHNICAL SPECIALIST CHECK [CHECK] >> OKAY, I'LL TAKE THAT, FOR THE PATENT OFFICE, IT VARIES BECAUSE WE HAVE DIFFERENT DIFFERENT PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS COMING IN, WHAT IS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GS SYSTEM, SO THE DEPENDING WHAT TECHNOLOGY CENTER, USUALLY 1600 WHICH I'M PART OF, THE TECHNOLOGY CENTER, WE RECRUIT PH Ds SO WE GET HIRED AT A HIGHER LEVEL, JUST A MINIMUM I THINK TELL BE 60, BUT IT'S BASED ON YOUR SCIENTIFIC TRAINING. SO EVEN IF HAVE YOU A LAW DEGREE, IT'S STILL SCIENTIFIC TRAINING SO YOU WILL HAVE A BACHELOR IN SCIENCE YOU WOULDN'T GET PAID MORE THAN AN ACTUAL PERSON TO HAVE A Ph.D. AND IT GOES UP. YOU DO GET WHAT IS CALLED ACCELERATED PROMOTION OF 6 MONTHS, THEREAFTER YOU GET AN INCREASE EVERY YEAR AND AS YOU GO UP THE GS LEVELS YOU GET--I SHOULD SAY THERE'S A LIMIT, THE HIGHEST LIMIT OF A PATENT EXAMINER IS 150 K. AND IF YOU BECOME A MANAGER OR DIRECTOR, THEN IT BECOMES A SENIOR EXECUTIVE SALARY, WHICH IS NOT LISTED. [LAUGHTER] >> SO FOR--THIS IS JUST MY SPECIFIC LAW FIRM AND BEING IN DC LOCAL DC'S EXPENSIVE BUT, I THINK THE AVERAGE, DON'T QUOTE ME ON THIS, BUT THE AVERAGE FOR NOT--FOR NOT HAVING PASSED THE PATENT BAR IS SOMEWHERE AROUND 80 TO START. IF YOU HAVE PATENT BAR, CAN YOU GET 92-95 SOMEWHERE IN THAT AREA. LIKE THE USPTO, WE ALSO GET RAISES EVERY YEAR. THEY GIVE US BONUSES, DEPENDING ON IF YOU BILLED SO MANY HOURS, AND ONCE YOU BECOME AN ASSOCIATE, YOU MAKE 220 TO 260. AND A PARTNER THAT'S YEAH, I'M GOING TO SAY UNLISTED BECAUSE IT'S LIKE HALF A MILLION OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT, IT'S RIDICULOUS. BUT YEAH, IT'S--IT PAYS MUCH BETTER THAN THE BENCH THAT'S WHAT IT COMES DOWN TO. >> I SHOULD ADD WE HAVE AN AWARD BONUS SYSTEM, MONTHLY BONUS SYSTEM, YEAR BONUS SYSTEM. DOES VARIOUS BONUS SYSTEM BASICALLY AND IN ESSENCE ALSO ALSO WE CAN MAKE AS MUCH AS A MANAGER CAN IF YOU WANT TO WORK. AND 1 OF THE BEST PART OF THE JOB I THINK IS FLEXIBILITY, WHICH CAN BE BEAT, AND WE HAVE A PRODUCTION SYSTEM WE COMPLAIN BUT BUT IT'S NOTHING NEAR TO WHAT SOMEONE IN THE LAW FIRM WOULD HAVE AS FAR AS REQUIREMENT. AND I THINK THE BEST PART OF THE JOB IS THE FLEXIBILITY AND THE FACT THAT WE CAN WORK FROM HOME WHICH IS ESPECIALLY IF YOU'RE A MOTHER OR FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES A LOT OF PEOPLE APPRECIATE THAT. >> SO FROM AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE I DON'T KNOW AND GREATER COMPANY BECAUSE ONCE YOU TALK ABOUT A SMALL BIOTECH, THE SALARIES WILL NECESSARILY ALMOST ALWAYS BE LOWER BUT IN A LARGER BIOTECH OR A BIG PHARMA COMPANY, I WOULD IMAGINE THAT BY AND LARGE YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT A TECHNICAL SPECIALIST WOULD COME IN THE MID70S AND MAYBE MID80 FIST YOU WERE BRINGING WITH YOU A PARTICULAR TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, THAT WAS VERY DESIRABLE ASK THEN FROM THERE UP, OUR AGENTS SALARY RANGES WOULD BE 100 TO 150 AND THEN THE ATTORNEYS MAKE THAT MUCH MORE THAN THAT. SO JUST GIVE YOU A RANGE BUT AGAIN I CAUTION THAT YOU TAKE A YOU TAKE A HIT IN THAT LINE, AND CAPITAL TO SPEND ON THAT, AND BY AND LARGE, THE SALARIES IF THOSE POSITIONS EXIST, VERY OFTEN THEY'RE USING THE SERVICES OF OUTSIDE FIRMS. THEY DON'T HAVE AN IN-HOUSE PERSON BUT IF YOU ARE LUCKY ENOUGH TO FIND THAT POSITION IN A SMALLER BIOTECH COMPANY, IT'S LIKELY TO BE THAT. >> I DO WANT TO COMMENT ON 1 MORE THING; WORK NOTHING A LAW FIRM YOU GET PAID WELL BUT THERE IS 1 CAVEAT AND THAT'S KUHLED BILLABLE HOURS. ONE OF THE THINGS EVER, IS YOU HAVE TO BASICALLY KEEP TALLY OF EVERY 10th OF AN HOUR THAT YOU SPEND FOR A CLIENT BECAUSE OUR RATES ARE HIGH I MEAN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT A LOT OF MONEY. SO A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE THEIR SECRETARIES DO IT, I DON'T BECAUSE I'M JUST THAT TYPE OF PERSON, I GOTTA TO DO IT MYSELF, I DON'T WANT SOMEONE ELSE TOUCHING MY STUFF BUT IT IS PAINFUL, PROBABLY TAKES AN EXTRA HOUR OR 2 A WEEK TO PUT IN. AND WITH THE LONG HOURS, IT'S KIND OF HARD TO SIT DOWN ON SUNDAY NIGHT AND NOT WATCH THE GAME AND ACTUALLY PUT IN YOUR HOURS. THEY TRY AND MAKE IT SIMPLE, COMPUTERIZED AND ALL THAT BUT IT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU SHOULD BE AWARE OF THAT YOU DO HAVE TO KEEP TRACK OF ALL THAT TIME BECAUSE YOU ARE BILLING SOMEBODY. >> THE TECH TRANSFER OFFICES AS WE HEARD ARE AS PARTS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HERE, ARE ON THE GISCALE AND THE INITIAL SPECIALIST START AT GS11 AND GO UP FROM THERE. AND HIGHER GRADES ARE BASED ON BEING A SUPERVISOR. IN THE UNIVERSITIES WE THINK THAT THERE'S THE AH TUM ORGANIZATION DOES SURVEYS AND THEIR SALARIES ARE FAIRLY COMPARABLE. THEY DO HAVE A--UNIVERSITIES DO HAVE A--DO HAVE A SERIES OF VERY ADVANCED POSITIONS, THAT YOU CAN SEE THAT PEOPLE HAVE COME IN AS PROVE OAST OR VICE PRESIDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES SO THOSE WOULD BE AT SOME OTHER SALARY SCALE BUT I DON'T THINK WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THOSE HERE RIGHT NOW. F SO I WOULD LIKE TO CLOSE THE SESSION BY THANKING OUR SPEAKERS. AND VERY ACTIVE AUDIENCE. SO ... [ APPLAUSE ] AND ALSO I WANT TO TAKE THE CHANCE TO MENTION OUR NEXT WORKSHOP WHICH IS GOING TO BE ON JUNE 12th ON BUILD 50 AND A PANEL ON BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BASICALLY HOW TO START YOUR OWN COMPANY IN CASE YOU'RE CURIOUS O THANKS AGAIN AND ENJOY THE DAY.