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>> WELCOME, I'M JEFF
RESNICK,

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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH,

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SENIOR HISTORIAN. THANK YOU FOR

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JOINING US FOR THE NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE HISTORY

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TALK. NLM HISTORY TALKS PROMOTE

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AWARENESS AND USE OF NLM AND

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RELATED COLLECTIONS FOR

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RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC

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SERVICE IN BIOMEDICINE, THE

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SOCIAL SCIENCES AND THE

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HUMANITIES P. TALKS ALSO

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SUPPORTS THE COMMITMENT OF NLM

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TO RECOGNIZE DIVERSITY OF

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COLLECTIONS SPAN 11 CENTURIES

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ENCOMPASS RANGE OF DIGITAL

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PHYSICAL FORMATS AND ORIGINATE

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FROM EVERY PART OF THE GLOBE.

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MOREOVER NLM HISTORY TALKS

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FOREGROUND VOICES OF PEOPLE OF

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COLOR, WOMEN AND INDIVIDUALS OF

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VARIETY OF CULTURAL AND

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DISCIPLINARY BACKGROUNDS WHO

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VALUE THESE COLLECTIONS AND USE

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THEM TO ADVANCE THEIR RESEARCH,

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TEACHING AND THEIR LEARNING.  SO

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WELCOME, EVERYONE. FOR THOSE WHO

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WISH TO SHARE QUESTIONS WITH OUR

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SPEAKER THIS

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A. PLEASE USE THE LIVE FEEDBACK

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BUTTON YOU SEE UNDERNEATH THE

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VIDEO STREAM. SO TODAY I HAVE

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THE GREAT PLEASURE AN PRIVILEGE

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TO INTRODUCE RAN CAPUCAO, WHO IS

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REN CAPUCAO, PLEATING A Ph.D.

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IN NURSING, A REGISTERED NURSE

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HE HOLD AS MASTERS OF SCIENCE AN

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NURSING DEGREE ALSO FROM THE

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UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. HE IS

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ACCOMPLISHED DIGITAL HUMANIST

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WITH IMPRESSIVE PORTFOLIO OF

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DIGITAL MAPPING FULL

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BRIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM, AND

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ARTS HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL

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SCIENCES SUMMER RESEARCH GRANT

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FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

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HE ALSO RECEIVED AWARDS FROM

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ASSOCIATION OF ASIAN STUDIES OF

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THE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

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COUNCIL, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

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SCHOOL OF NURSING, THE

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UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CENTER

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FOR GLOBAL INNOVATION AND

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INQUIRY, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF

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PENNSYLVANIA BARBARA BATES

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CENTER FOR STUDY OF HISTORY OF

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NURSING. HE'S ALSO RECEIVED

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SUPPORT FROM VIRGINIA

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HUMANITIES. REN'S COMBINATION OF

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PUBLICATIONS AND INTERVIEWS ARE

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EXTENSIVE AS ACADEMIC HONORS. 

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HE PUBLISHED SEVERAL RESEARCH

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AND NURSING PRACTICE ARTICLES IN

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SCHOLARLY JOURNALS AND POPULAR

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PUBLICATIONS AND CO-AUTHORED AND

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PUBLISHED A BOOK RAISING

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STANDARDS SAVING LIVES THE

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HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY OF

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PHILIPPINES NURSING. A VARIETY

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OF NEWS OUTLETS ALSO INTERVIEWED

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REN ABOUT EXPERTISE IN HISTORY

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OF NURSING AND EXPERIENCES AS A

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NURSE. ADDITIONALLY REN IS

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CURATOR OF A CULTURE TO CARE,

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HISTORY OF FILIPINO NURSES IN

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HAVE VIRGINIA THIS IS AN

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EXHIBITION MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH

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SPONSORSHIP HE RECEIVED FROM THE

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PHILIPPINE NURSES ASSOCIATION OF

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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIA

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HUMANITIES. TRAVELING FROM THE

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PHILIPPINE CULTURAL CENTER

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VIRGINIA TO THE LIBRARY OF

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VIRGINIA THE PHYSICAL EXHIBITION

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IS NOW PERMANENTLY HOUSED AT THE

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UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF

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NURSING CENTER FOR NURSING

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HISTORICAL INQUIRY. HIS WEBSITE

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REN CAPUCAO RENCAPUCAO.COM

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PRESENTS A DIGITIZED VERSION OF

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THE EXHIBITION. ON THIS SITE REN

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EXPLAINS THAT HEALTHCARE, HEALTH

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WELL BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE

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CONSTITUTE KEY FOCI FOR NURSING

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SCHOLARSHIP AND HE AND HIS WORK

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ADVANCES THIS KNOWLEDGE USING

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INTERDISCIPLINARY METHODS TO

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REVEAL MESSY CARE POLITICS

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IMMESHED IN THE LIVES OF SEVERAL

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NURSES TRAVERSED BETWEEN BEDSIDE

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AND THE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE ARENA

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FOR OVER A CENTURY. REN'S

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CURRENT RESEARCH EXPLORES THE

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TRANSNATIONAL HISTORY OF FILL

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PEE KNOW NURSES DURING THE

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ANALYTICS OF RACE, GENDER AND

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DISABILITY. HE JOINS US TODAY TO

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OFFER PERSPECTIVES ON THIS

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RESEARCH AS HE COMPLETED IT AT

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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE

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AND OTHER HISTORICAL

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COLLECTIONS. THE TITLE OF HIS

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TALK IS UNFIT TO NURSE, THE

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EFFICIENCY AND DISCIPLINE AT THE

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PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL,

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1898 TO 1916. REN, WELCOME.

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THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US

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TODAY AND WE REALLY LOOK FORWARD

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TO YOUR TALK. OVER TO YOU.

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>> THANK YOU. AND THE
NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE FOR THE

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INVITATION TO BE HERE TODAY.

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ALSO THANK YOU TO EVERYONE HERE

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IN ATTENDANCE. I'M HUMBLED TO

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SHARE MY RERESEARCH AND INBED TO

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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF ARCHIVES

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TO PIECE TOGETHER THIS FILIPINO

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NURSES DURING THE EARLY 20TH

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CENTURY WITH OTHER MATERIALS

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GATHERED IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

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COLLECTIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND

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THE PHILIPPINES NOTABLY NATIONAL

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ARCHIVES AND UNIVERSITY OF

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PHILIPPINES MAN LA HERITAGE

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PROJECT. TO BEGIN I WOULD LIKE

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TO TELL STORY OF A STUDENT NURSE

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CENTRAL TO MY PROJECT. FILIPINO

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NURSE. IN 1916 FLORENTINA

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(INAUDIBLE) ORIGINALLY FROM

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(INAUDIBLE) WAS 19 YEARS OF AGE

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AND MORE THAN 100 MILES FROM

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HOME. (INDISCERNIBLE) STUDENT

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NURSE AT THE HOSPITAL. SHE WAS A

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PROMISING STUDENT WITH

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EXCEPTIONAL RECORD UNTIL ONE

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NIGHT ON DUTY IN AUGUST. AROUND

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2 A.M. A POST-OPERATIVE PATIENT

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BESIEGED FLORENTINA FOR BED PAN

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WITH ASSISTANCE BUT NO ONE WAS

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AVAILABLE TO AID HER HE CAN

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COMPUTING THE PROCEDURE --

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EXECUTING THE PROCEDURE SHE

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ASKED THEM TO WAIT. TWO AND A

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HALF HOURS FLEW BY WHEN THE

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POST-OPERATIVE PATIENT ASKED FOR

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THE BED PAN AGAI AGAIN. PLEASE A

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MINUTE SHE RESPONDED IN THE

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MIDST OF CHARTING THE VITAL

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SIGNS. BOTH STUDENT NURSE AND

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POST-OPERATIVE PATIENT WERE

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TEAMING WITH FRUSTRATION WITH

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ATTENTION BREAKING WHEN THE

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PATIENT UTTERING REMARKS AGAINST

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FLORENTINA AND NURSING

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PROFESSION IN GENERAL. SHE

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REQUESTED THE PATIENT REFRAIN

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BUT THE LATTER CONTINUES TO

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BERATE NURSING AS A FORM OF

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SERVITUDE. NO LONGER ABLE TO

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BITE TONGUE AN EXCHANGING

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ERUPTED. AT THE END OF THE DUTY,

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FLORENTINA SUBMITTED A REPORT TO

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HER SUPERVISOR ACKNOWLEDGING

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LACK OF PROVIDENCE THAT NIGHT

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AND HOPING FOR RESOLUTION

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BETWEEN HER AND PATIENT. THE

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LETTER WENT TO THE

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SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE. SHE DID

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NOT CONSIDER THE SERIOUSNESS OF

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SITUATION BOTH DIGNITY AND THAT

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OF PROFESSION BUT THE

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SUPERINTENDENT REMARK TALKING

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BACK TO PATIENTS WAS VIOLATION

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OF CODE OF CONDUCT AND COMMENTED

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PATIENTS AND NURSES ALSO PLAINED

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ABOUT HER. A STARK SUDDEN

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CONTRAST THAT JUXTAPOSED HER

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EXCELLENT RECORD.  HER CASE

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FORWARDED TO THE STUDENT WELL

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TAMMY FOR ACTION. UPON RETURNING

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THE DORMITORY SHE SHARED WITH

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HER CLOSE FRIEND THE REPUGNANCE

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OF EVENTS AND TREATED LIKE AN

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MA'AM. SHE BEGAN PREPARING

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INTERVENTION LETTER. IF I SHOULD

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REMAIN IN THE HOSPITAL I MIGHT

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SUBMIT SUICIDE BECAUSE I CANNOT

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STAND THE TREATMENT I RECEIVED,

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I HAD BETTER DIE THAN LIVE IN

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DISHONOR. THE FRIEND MANAGED TO

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MULTI HER ENOUGH FOR THEM TO

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ATTEND CLASS. FLORENTINA

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DISAPPEARED AFTERWARD. ON AUGUST

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1819OR, 1916 AT 11K 40 A.M. HER

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BATHROOM WAS FOUND ON A BATHROOM

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FLOOR AFTER DRINKING ACID AND 40

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MINUTES LATER HER SPIRIT PASSED

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ONONON. UNBEKNOWNST HER DEATH IS

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STATED A STRIKE NEVER FELT

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BEFORE IN THE PHILIPPINES.

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OCCURRING DURING INTENSE DEBATE,

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THE FITNESS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT.

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FIT OPINIONS (INDISCERNIBLE)

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ELICITED CONSTANT BITTER

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DISCUSSION IN THE ISLANDS, IT

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WAS A BUZZ WORD AT THE TIME,

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SIGNALING A ABILITY TO PROPERLY

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EXERCISE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF

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A LIBERAL MODERN SOCIETY BUT

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FITNESS AS INDICATED BY

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(INDISCERNIBLE) ALSO GAINED

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POPULAR MEANING BY 20TH CENTURY

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AID MIDST SOCIAL DARWINISM AND

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(INAUDIB(INAUDIBLE). THE BODY CE

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CONDITIONED TO ACQUIRE FITNESS

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THROUGH PHYSICAL EXERCISE DIET

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AND HEALTH TO IMPROVE INDIVIDUAL

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EFFICIENCY. THUS THE TRAINED

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NURSE WHO EMBODIED A GENDERED

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ASPIRATION OF CIVIC FITNESS

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PROVED INSTRUMENTAL NOT ONLY

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INSTILLING PHYSICAL FITNESS IN

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OTHERS BUT TEACHING PROPER WAYS

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OLIVING. -- OF LIVING. AS I

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DISCUSS MY DISABILITY FRAMEWORK

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I WANT TO LAY OUT SOME KEY

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DEFINITIONS FOR REFERENCE.

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FITNESS WAS PART AND PARCEL OF

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THE IMAGINARY UNDERPINNING U.S.

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COLONIZATION OF PHILIPPINES THAT

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GOVERNED MEANING OF HEALTHY BODY

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DURING THE 20TH CENTURY. THE

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IDEA OF BENEVOLENT ASSIMILATION

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BLANKETED WESTERN CIVILIZATION

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OVER THE PRESUMED BACKWARDNESS

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OF ISLANDS, WITH FORMER

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CITIZENRY BECOMING INDICATIVE OF

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SPECIES FUNCTIONING. IN OTHER

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WORDS DETERMINED WHO WAS

250
00:08:50,177 --> 00:08:51,579
CONSIDERED FULLY HUMAN AND WHO

251
00:08:51,579 --> 00:08:53,481
HAD THE CAPACITY TO PARTAKE IN

252
00:08:53,481 --> 00:08:54,882
CITIZENSHIP AND EXERCISE LIBERAL

253
00:08:54,882 --> 00:08:57,418
RIGHTS. FOR THE U.S. WHITE ABLE

254
00:08:57,418 --> 00:08:59,753
BODIED HETERO NORMATIVE MEN

255
00:08:59,753 --> 00:09:02,389
EMBODIED SPECIES FUNCTIONING

256
00:09:02,389 --> 00:09:04,258
WHILE WOMEN COULDN'T ATTAIN THE

257
00:09:04,258 --> 00:09:06,393
SAME LEVEL OF FITNESS THE TRAIN

258
00:09:06,393 --> 00:09:08,529
NURSE REPRESENTED THE GENDERED

259
00:09:08,529 --> 00:09:10,297
ABILITY WHICH FILIPINOS WERE

260
00:09:10,297 --> 00:09:12,600
ALSO SUBSUMED.  THE IDEAL OF

261
00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:13,801
FITNESS HOWEVER PROVES

262
00:09:13,801 --> 00:09:16,036
IMPOSSIBLE OR DEAL FOR EVERYONE

263
00:09:16,036 --> 00:09:17,471
AMIDST INCREASING DEMANDS OF

264
00:09:17,471 --> 00:09:19,373
SOCIETY AND THE FLUCTUATION OF

265
00:09:19,373 --> 00:09:20,407
INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL AND MENTAL

266
00:09:20,407 --> 00:09:24,612
CAPACITIES OVER TIME. THE UP

267
00:09:24,612 --> 00:09:27,047
ABILITY TO LIVE UP TO THIS IDEA

268
00:09:27,047 --> 00:09:30,384
BREEDS PAIR KNOWIA FEAR AND

269
00:09:30,384 --> 00:09:32,286
INADEQUACY WHICH SCHOLAR POINTS

270
00:09:32,286 --> 00:09:33,521
OUT PROVIDES THE AMOUNT OF

271
00:09:33,521 --> 00:09:35,890
TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENTS FOR

272
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:37,124
DISABLISM TO GROW.

273
00:09:37,124 --> 00:09:37,958
NOTWITHSTANDING PROGRESS IN THE

274
00:09:37,958 --> 00:09:39,627
ISLANDS AMERICANS INCLUDING

275
00:09:39,627 --> 00:09:41,862
NURSES MITIGATED ANXIETIES BY

276
00:09:41,862 --> 00:09:44,231
CONTINUING TO ASCRIBE FITNESS OF

277
00:09:44,231 --> 00:09:46,300
FILIPINOS AS INFERIOR USING

278
00:09:46,300 --> 00:09:48,302
PHYSICALLY WEAK, FEELABLE MINDED

279
00:09:48,302 --> 00:09:51,305
AND SEMIINVALID TO DISABILITY

280
00:09:51,305 --> 00:09:53,407
BINARY BETWEEN COLONIZER AND

281
00:09:53,407 --> 00:09:55,843
COLONIZE.  PHYSICAL EXERCISE

282
00:09:55,843 --> 00:09:57,077
BECOMES INTEGRAL ASPECT OF

283
00:09:57,077 --> 00:10:00,247
TRAINING OF NURSES. INDEED

284
00:10:00,247 --> 00:10:01,949
PROGRESS AND MODERNIZATION ARE

285
00:10:01,949 --> 00:10:04,385
CENTRAL THEMES IN HISTORY OF

286
00:10:04,385 --> 00:10:07,454
MEDICINE PUBLIC HEALTH DURING

287
00:10:07,454 --> 00:10:08,489
AMERICAN COLONIALISM,

288
00:10:08,489 --> 00:10:09,924
(INDISCERNIBLE) DESCRIBES

289
00:10:09,924 --> 00:10:11,959
AMERICANS UTILIZE MODERN MEDICAL

290
00:10:11,959 --> 00:10:14,762
PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICES TO DEFER

291
00:10:14,762 --> 00:10:18,599
(INDISCERNIBLE) CITIZENSHIPSHIP 

292
00:10:18,599 --> 00:10:22,002
WRITING ON FILIPINO NURSES

293
00:10:22,002 --> 00:10:23,771
CATHERINE PROVIDES THE ROLE OF

294
00:10:23,771 --> 00:10:26,707
NURSING IN THE WISHMENT FOR

295
00:10:26,707 --> 00:10:27,942
SELF-GOVERNMENT. THROUGH

296
00:10:27,942 --> 00:10:30,044
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DISABILITY

297
00:10:30,044 --> 00:10:33,314
I ATTEMPT (INDISCERNIBLE)

298
00:10:33,314 --> 00:10:34,215
CONSTRUCTED DURING THE AMERICAN

299
00:10:34,215 --> 00:10:36,517
COLONIAL PERIOD.  UNDER THE

300
00:10:36,517 --> 00:10:38,085
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT NURSES WERE

301
00:10:38,085 --> 00:10:39,420
SUBSUMED (INDISCERNIBLE) AND

302
00:10:39,420 --> 00:10:41,522
CELEBRATED FOR OVERCOMING RACIAL

303
00:10:41,522 --> 00:10:44,291
DEFICIENCIES.  I EXPLORE THE

304
00:10:44,291 --> 00:10:46,927
FORMATIVE YEARS AT THE GENERAL

305
00:10:46,927 --> 00:10:47,895
HOSPITAL FEEDING UP TO DYNAMIC

306
00:10:47,895 --> 00:10:50,331
EVENTS OF 1916. EXAMINING

307
00:10:50,331 --> 00:10:52,233
ASSOCIATION OF CIVIC PHYSICAL

308
00:10:52,233 --> 00:10:53,567
FITNESS AND LABOR OF NURSES IN

309
00:10:53,567 --> 00:10:58,706
BETWEEN.  HERE ABILITY OF THESE

310
00:10:58,706 --> 00:11:00,140
NURSES WAS ALWAYS APPROACHING

311
00:11:00,140 --> 00:11:02,243
BUT NEVER REACHING THAT OF

312
00:11:02,243 --> 00:11:03,377
AMERICAN NURSE H. THE NURSES

313
00:11:03,377 --> 00:11:05,813
NAVIGATING THE FRONTIER WERE

314
00:11:05,813 --> 00:11:08,916
MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ABLEISM

315
00:11:08,916 --> 00:11:13,988
UNDER COLONIAL LIMELIGHT AND

316
00:11:13,988 --> 00:11:14,521
REMAIN AT SUBJECT DIVISION

317
00:11:14,521 --> 00:11:15,222
PROGRESSIVE DISCOURSE OF

318
00:11:15,222 --> 00:11:19,593
DISCIPLINE AND EFFICIENCY. AS

319
00:11:19,593 --> 00:11:22,830
SUCH DISTRESS WAS PAR AND PARCEL

320
00:11:22,830 --> 00:11:24,365
FOR FILIPINO NURSES TO MAKE THE

321
00:11:24,365 --> 00:11:26,367
MOST OF TIME I WILL FAST FORWARD

322
00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:27,735
TO 1907 BUT I CAN ANSWER

323
00:11:27,735 --> 00:11:29,069
QUESTIONS ABOUT GROUND WORK LAID

324
00:11:29,069 --> 00:11:31,839
BY AMERICAN NURSES FOLLOWING

325
00:11:31,839 --> 00:11:33,207
COLONIALIZATION IN 1898 AT THE

326
00:11:33,207 --> 00:11:35,209
END. INSTEAD I WILL BEGIN

327
00:11:35,209 --> 00:11:37,177
NARRATIVE AROUND THE ORIGINS OF

328
00:11:37,177 --> 00:11:38,412
THE PHILIPPINE COMMUNITY SCHOOL

329
00:11:38,412 --> 00:11:41,482
FOR NURSES AND GENERAL HOSPITAL 

330
00:11:41,482 --> 00:11:43,250
DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF

331
00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:44,518
AMERICAN COLONIALISM IN THE

332
00:11:44,518 --> 00:11:46,754
PHILIPPINES THE TRAINING OF

333
00:11:46,754 --> 00:11:47,521
FILIPINOS IN NURSE PREGNANT

334
00:11:47,521 --> 00:11:49,089
RECEIVED WESTERN CRITICS AS THE

335
00:11:49,089 --> 00:11:50,991
ULTRA DEMOCRATIC TRAINED NURSE

336
00:11:50,991 --> 00:11:53,327
SIGNALED HIGHER FITNESS. NEXT

337
00:11:53,327 --> 00:11:54,995
PLAN TO BUILD MODERN HOSPITAL

338
00:11:54,995 --> 00:11:56,897
MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION

339
00:11:56,897 --> 00:11:58,999
AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE BODY OF

340
00:11:58,999 --> 00:12:00,234
ISLANDS APPOINTED BY U.S.

341
00:12:00,234 --> 00:12:02,803
PRESIDENT WERE NOT CONVINCED THE

342
00:12:02,803 --> 00:12:04,138
ANNEXATION OF SCHOOL OF NURSES

343
00:12:04,138 --> 00:12:06,173
WILL LEAD TO USEFUL RESULTS. NO

344
00:12:06,173 --> 00:12:07,608
QUESTION ABOUT DEMAND FOR NURSES

345
00:12:07,608 --> 00:12:10,611
IN THE ISLANDS BUT IF SOCIAL

346
00:12:10,611 --> 00:12:11,512
RELATE REFORM OF THE MASSES HAD

347
00:12:11,512 --> 00:12:13,714
ALREADY PROVED ARDUOUS, HOW

348
00:12:13,714 --> 00:12:16,283
COULD INDIGENOUS WOMEN TRAIN IN

349
00:12:16,283 --> 00:12:17,618
PROFESSIONAL NURSING? AS SEEN

350
00:12:17,618 --> 00:12:20,054
HERE WITH QUOTE FROM AMERICAN

351
00:12:20,054 --> 00:12:21,588
NURSE LEADER, THESE WOMEN WOULD

352
00:12:21,588 --> 00:12:25,459
HAVE TO UNDERGO A METAMORPHOSIS

353
00:12:25,459 --> 00:12:27,661
TO TRAIN NURSE. HER ACCOUNT AS

354
00:12:27,661 --> 00:12:31,765
POINTED OUT REVERBERATES THE

355
00:12:31,765 --> 00:12:33,267
PERVASIVENESS OF RACISM AND

356
00:12:33,267 --> 00:12:35,035
NURSING DESPITE THE ASSENTS OF

357
00:12:35,035 --> 00:12:36,337
PROFESSION DURING THE LATTER

358
00:12:36,337 --> 00:12:40,341
HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY. 

359
00:12:40,341 --> 00:12:42,743
NOTWITHSTANDING INHIBITIONS ON

360
00:12:42,743 --> 00:12:44,211
CAPACITY TO NURSE, IMPERATIVE

361
00:12:44,211 --> 00:12:46,013
LOCALLY TRAINED NURSES CANNOT BE

362
00:12:46,013 --> 00:12:48,449
DENIED.  IN 1907 THE GOVERNMENT

363
00:12:48,449 --> 00:12:51,552
PASSED ACT NUMBER 1688 TO

364
00:12:51,552 --> 00:12:53,020
APPROPRIATE FUNDS TO CONSTRUCT

365
00:12:53,020 --> 00:12:54,788
MODERN HOSPITAL NAMED THE

366
00:12:54,788 --> 00:12:56,123
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL AS

367
00:12:56,123 --> 00:12:57,324
INSTITUTION WOULD SERVE ENTIRE

368
00:12:57,324 --> 00:12:58,559
COUNTRY. AS THE HOSPITAL BECAME

369
00:12:58,559 --> 00:13:02,863
A REALITY, MARY COALMAN AND

370
00:13:02,863 --> 00:13:04,665
SOFIA (INDISCERNIBLE) THE GIRLS

371
00:13:04,665 --> 00:13:07,101
DORMITORY OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL

372
00:13:07,101 --> 00:13:08,669
ALONGSIDE VICTORRIZER DIRECTOR

373
00:13:08,669 --> 00:13:10,137
OF BUREAU OF HEALTH,

374
00:13:10,137 --> 00:13:10,971
SUCCESSFULLY CAMPAIGNED THE

375
00:13:10,971 --> 00:13:12,639
GOVERNMENT TO GREEN LIGHT NURSES

376
00:13:12,639 --> 00:13:13,741
TRAINING COURSE, MARKING THE

377
00:13:13,741 --> 00:13:15,776
BEGINNING OF THE PHILIPPINE

378
00:13:15,776 --> 00:13:17,177
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES,

379
00:13:17,177 --> 00:13:18,178
ADMINISTRATED BY BUREAUS OF

380
00:13:18,178 --> 00:13:20,848
EDUCATION AND HEALTH, THE TWO

381
00:13:20,848 --> 00:13:22,516
YEAR COURSE HOUSE IN GIRLS

382
00:13:22,516 --> 00:13:24,551
DORMITORY AND SERVED AS PROGRAM

383
00:13:24,551 --> 00:13:25,119
FOR STUDENTS INTERESTED IN

384
00:13:25,119 --> 00:13:26,420
NURSING TO GO OFF TO FINISH

385
00:13:26,420 --> 00:13:28,622
TRAINING AT THE PHILIPPINE

386
00:13:28,622 --> 00:13:31,725
GENERAL HOSPITAL EX UPON

387
00:13:31,725 --> 00:13:34,495
COMPLETION. IT IT WAS AN

388
00:13:34,495 --> 00:13:37,164
EXPERIMENT TO ASSESS FILIPINOS

389
00:13:37,164 --> 00:13:40,401
ASSESSMENT TO NURS NURSE. IT GOA

390
00:13:40,401 --> 00:13:43,637
ROCKY START AS THEY HAD TO

391
00:13:43,637 --> 00:13:45,939
CAJOLE A HANDSFUL WITH CANDY AND

392
00:13:45,939 --> 00:13:47,775
FLOWERS TO ER MAIN IN THE

393
00:13:47,775 --> 00:13:51,211
PROGRAM, THIS PROVED INEFFECTIVE

394
00:13:51,211 --> 00:13:53,247
IN STUDENTS TO DISAVOW

395
00:13:53,247 --> 00:13:54,815
COLLECTIVELY THIS IS SERVANTS

396
00:13:54,815 --> 00:13:56,483
WORK, NO MORE TO DO WITH IT. 

397
00:13:56,483 --> 00:13:57,951
THEIR SENTIMENTS REFLECTED THE

398
00:13:57,951 --> 00:13:59,520
EARLY DEMOGRAPHIC OF THE SCHOOL

399
00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:01,021
WHICH COMPRISED STUDENTS FROM

400
00:14:01,021 --> 00:14:04,057
AFFLUENT FAMILIES.  THESE

401
00:14:04,057 --> 00:14:05,926
STUDENTS SOCIO STATUS REFLECTED

402
00:14:05,926 --> 00:14:08,128
AMERICAN NURSING PRACTICE OF

403
00:14:08,128 --> 00:14:09,863
RECRUITING WOMEN FROM UPPER

404
00:14:09,863 --> 00:14:11,865
CLASS TO DISPLAY MORAL APTITUDE

405
00:14:11,865 --> 00:14:14,101
SUITED FOR THE PROFESSION.

406
00:14:14,101 --> 00:14:15,803
SIMILARLY, NURSING WOULD HAVE TO

407
00:14:15,803 --> 00:14:17,604
MAKE THE PROFESSIONALISM

408
00:14:17,604 --> 00:14:18,972
AMENABLE TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN

409
00:14:18,972 --> 00:14:22,676
STUDENTS.  INDEED THE PERCEPTION

410
00:14:22,676 --> 00:14:25,279
OF NURSE AS MENIAL LABORER

411
00:14:25,279 --> 00:14:26,647
COMMENSURATE TO LOW STATUS OF

412
00:14:26,647 --> 00:14:28,649
HOUSE MADE ALSO KNOWN AS

413
00:14:28,649 --> 00:14:29,650
(INAUDIBLE) HAD TO BE OVERCOME

414
00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:33,053
FOR THE COURSE TO BE SUCCESSFUL.

415
00:14:33,053 --> 00:14:34,955
RUBBLED BY THE STUDENTS COMMIT

416
00:14:34,955 --> 00:14:37,291
COALMAN PUT ON A PLAY TO NOT OWN

417
00:14:37,291 --> 00:14:38,625
CORRAL BACK BUT TRANSFORM

418
00:14:38,625 --> 00:14:40,527
CULTURAL MEANING OF NURSING. 

419
00:14:40,527 --> 00:14:42,963
THEY WROTE A DRAMA THAT DEPICTED

420
00:14:42,963 --> 00:14:44,731
THEM AS HEROINS WHO SAVED

421
00:14:44,731 --> 00:14:46,633
PERSONS FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH

422
00:14:46,633 --> 00:14:49,136
AND HIRED PROFESSIONAL ACTORS TO

423
00:14:49,136 --> 00:14:49,770
ENSURE INTEGRITY OF PRODUCTION.

424
00:14:49,770 --> 00:14:50,938
THEY LIMITED THE ATTENDANCE OF

425
00:14:50,938 --> 00:14:53,073
THE PLAY TO INVITATION ONLY

426
00:14:53,073 --> 00:14:55,943
CAREFULLY CURATING A GUEST LIST

427
00:14:55,943 --> 00:14:57,478
INCLUDING HIGH RANKING OFFICIALS

428
00:14:57,478 --> 00:14:59,446
ALONGSIDE FORMER STUDENTS. THEY

429
00:14:59,446 --> 00:15:01,248
EXCLUSIVE EVENT FILLED TO

430
00:15:01,248 --> 00:15:02,850
CAPACITY CURBED A RESOUNDING

431
00:15:02,850 --> 00:15:04,051
SUCCESS AS STUDENTS RETURN THE

432
00:15:04,051 --> 00:15:06,153
NEXT DAY WITH A FERVOR TO

433
00:15:06,153 --> 00:15:09,990
CONTINUE THE NURSING STUDIES.  

434
00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:11,525
HOWEVER, IMPASS AFTER IN FORM OF

435
00:15:11,525 --> 00:15:13,060
HE IS STUDENTS PARENTS WHO

436
00:15:13,060 --> 00:15:15,062
STORMED HIS OFFICE FOLLOWING THE

437
00:15:15,062 --> 00:15:16,730
DAUGHTERS FIRST EXPERIENCE IN

438
00:15:16,730 --> 00:15:18,031
THE HOSPITALS. THE PARENTS

439
00:15:18,031 --> 00:15:19,733
BELIEVE THEIR DAUGHTERS HAD BEEN

440
00:15:19,733 --> 00:15:22,135
DISGRACED AND HUMILIATED AFTER

441
00:15:22,135 --> 00:15:23,470
PROPROVIDING CARE TO PATIENTS OF

442
00:15:23,470 --> 00:15:24,938
OPPOSITE SEX AND DEMAND STUDENTS

443
00:15:24,938 --> 00:15:26,607
RETURN HOME. THEY VIEWED THE

444
00:15:26,607 --> 00:15:29,409
TRAINED NURSE WITH UNFAMILIARITY

445
00:15:29,409 --> 00:15:32,312
UNLIKE PHYSICIAN ROLE INTRODUCED

446
00:15:32,312 --> 00:15:34,248
DURING EXPANSION O COLONIALISM,

447
00:15:34,248 --> 00:15:35,816
THE GENDERED ROLE OF NURSE

448
00:15:35,816 --> 00:15:37,251
CARING FOR STRANGERS

449
00:15:37,251 --> 00:15:38,485
PARTICULARLY OPPOSITE SEX COUNTS

450
00:15:38,485 --> 00:15:40,387
CULTURAL NORMS THAT DISAVOWED

451
00:15:40,387 --> 00:15:42,456
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN OUTSIDE THE

452
00:15:42,456 --> 00:15:44,057
HOME AND UPHELD CONSERVATIVE

453
00:15:44,057 --> 00:15:45,492
VALUES AROUND WOMEN SEXUALITY.

454
00:15:45,492 --> 00:15:48,729
UNABLE TO BREAK THROUGH TO THE

455
00:15:48,729 --> 00:15:51,164
PARENTS, NOW, I'M TIRED OF THIS

456
00:15:51,164 --> 00:15:52,733
NONSENSE, OUR AMERICAN WOMEN ARE

457
00:15:52,733 --> 00:15:54,635
JUST AS FINE AS YOURS AND TAKE

458
00:15:54,635 --> 00:15:56,503
UP NURSING CAREERS WITHOUT LOSS

459
00:15:56,503 --> 00:15:58,171
OF DIGNITY OR SELF-RESPECT IF

460
00:15:58,171 --> 00:16:00,107
YOU ARE SO PARAMOUNT IN THE

461
00:16:00,107 --> 00:16:00,707
SCALE PUBLIC DEFENDER'S OFFICE

462
00:16:00,707 --> 00:16:01,708
CIVILIZATION YOU CAN'T REALIZE

463
00:16:01,708 --> 00:16:03,510
THIS, TAKE YOUR DAUGHTERS OUT AT

464
00:16:03,510 --> 00:16:05,712
ONCE. I DON'T WANT THEM HERE ANY

465
00:16:05,712 --> 00:16:07,514
LONGER. I HAVE GIVEN THEM THE

466
00:16:07,514 --> 00:16:08,549
OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN A

467
00:16:08,549 --> 00:16:09,683
PROFESSION BUT YOU ARE EXACTLY

468
00:16:09,683 --> 00:16:12,219
WHETHER YOUR CRITICS AND THAT

469
00:16:12,219 --> 00:16:13,820
THE MOMENT PARENTS INTERJECT AND

470
00:16:13,820 --> 00:16:14,621
REVERSED THEIR POSITION.

471
00:16:14,621 --> 00:16:16,256
PLEADING WITH HIM FOR AN HOUR TO

472
00:16:16,256 --> 00:16:18,659
RETAIN THEIR DAUGHTERS BEFORE HE

473
00:16:18,659 --> 00:16:22,329
RELENTED. AMIDST THE IMPLICATION

474
00:16:22,329 --> 00:16:24,031
HE UPHELD NURSING AS MARKER OF

475
00:16:24,031 --> 00:16:26,333
CIVILIZED.  STUDENTS GO ON TO

476
00:16:26,333 --> 00:16:27,234
COMPLETE ACADEMIC YEAR WITH

477
00:16:27,234 --> 00:16:28,702
COMMENDATION, DESPITE THE SNAGS

478
00:16:28,702 --> 00:16:31,038
THE NURSES TRAINING COURSE

479
00:16:31,038 --> 00:16:32,472
TRANSFORMED THE IMAGE OF NURSE

480
00:16:32,472 --> 00:16:34,942
PASS COMMENSURATE WITH MODERN

481
00:16:34,942 --> 00:16:36,577
FILIPINO WOMAN. SUCCESS WAS

482
00:16:36,577 --> 00:16:38,378
EMBEDDED TO THE GROWN WORK OF

483
00:16:38,378 --> 00:16:40,113
FIRST STUDENTS WHO TRIUMPHED

484
00:16:40,113 --> 00:16:41,481
OVER AMERICAN PREJUDICES ABOUT

485
00:16:41,481 --> 00:16:45,485
ABILITY OF FILIPINOS.  IN

486
00:16:45,485 --> 00:16:47,854
SUBSEQUENT YEARS THE HAVE

487
00:16:47,854 --> 00:16:48,388
ALREADYIZATION OF PROGRESS

488
00:16:48,388 --> 00:16:49,890
OVERSHADOWED THE GROUNDED

489
00:16:49,890 --> 00:16:51,024
EXPERIENCES OF THE STUDENT

490
00:16:51,024 --> 00:16:52,225
NURSES WHO NAVIGATED THE

491
00:16:52,225 --> 00:16:54,394
FRONTIER OF PROFESSION M. THEY

492
00:16:54,394 --> 00:16:55,729
REQUIRED A SOUNDED MIND OR AT

493
00:16:55,729 --> 00:16:57,197
LEAST CULTIVATED ONE ALONG THE

494
00:16:57,197 --> 00:16:59,733
WAY. TO REMAIN RESILIENT AGAINST

495
00:16:59,733 --> 00:17:02,669
PUBLIC DISPARAGING COMMENTS

496
00:17:02,669 --> 00:17:04,237
ABOUT NURSING. THE WORK WITH

497
00:17:04,237 --> 00:17:05,706
MASSES WAS DISRUPTED CHALLENGING

498
00:17:05,706 --> 00:17:07,741
GENDER ASSUMPTIONS OF WOMAN'S

499
00:17:07,741 --> 00:17:10,077
WORK AND DISPLACING INDIGENOUS

500
00:17:10,077 --> 00:17:12,179
HEALTH PRACTICES. THE ADMISSION

501
00:17:12,179 --> 00:17:14,781
OF COHORT TO TRAINING SCHOOL FOR

502
00:17:14,781 --> 00:17:17,017
NURSES IN 1908 ACCORDING TO A

503
00:17:17,017 --> 00:17:20,387
MEMBER, INITIATED A JOURNEY

504
00:17:20,387 --> 00:17:24,491
WHERE SHE MARKED FOOTSTEPS. SHE

505
00:17:24,491 --> 00:17:26,593
ENCOUNTERED THE DERISION SHE AND

506
00:17:26,593 --> 00:17:29,396
PEERS GOT FROM THE PUBLIC,

507
00:17:29,396 --> 00:17:32,165
ASSERTING ONLY FEW FATHOM THE

508
00:17:32,165 --> 00:17:34,167
SUFFERING HER COHORT EMBODIED.

509
00:17:34,167 --> 00:17:36,103
THIS JOURNEY WAS NOT ONLY

510
00:17:36,103 --> 00:17:37,871
EMOTIONALLY TURBULENT BUT

511
00:17:37,871 --> 00:17:39,139
FISCALLY TAXING ON THEM. AND

512
00:17:39,139 --> 00:17:41,942
JUST TWO MONTHS THEY DONNED BLUE

513
00:17:41,942 --> 00:17:43,777
STRIPED UNIFORMS WHITE APRONS AN

514
00:17:43,777 --> 00:17:45,679
HAT AND THROWN HEAD FIRST INTO

515
00:17:45,679 --> 00:17:48,882
THE CONTAINMENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

516
00:17:48,882 --> 00:17:50,250
AT THE CIVIL HOSPITAL. THIS WAS

517
00:17:50,250 --> 00:17:51,652
PART OF THE PRACTICAL WORK WHICH

518
00:17:51,652 --> 00:17:53,353
ENTAILED WORKING SIX HOURS A DAY

519
00:17:53,353 --> 00:17:54,755
WITH OFF DUTY OCCURRING EVERY

520
00:17:54,755 --> 00:17:59,426
TWO WEEKS.  THE SCHEDULE OF

521
00:17:59,426 --> 00:18:01,228
BALANCING WARD DUTY PROVED

522
00:18:01,228 --> 00:18:02,696
DRAINING ON STUDENTS BUT AS THE

523
00:18:02,696 --> 00:18:05,732
IDEAL NURSE PRACTICE THEY PUT ON

524
00:18:05,732 --> 00:18:07,434
A BRIGHT CHEERFUL DEMEANOR AT

525
00:18:07,434 --> 00:18:09,336
THE START DESPITE RECURSIVE

526
00:18:09,336 --> 00:18:11,705
EXHAUSTION SHUN AND AMIDST THE

527
00:18:11,705 --> 00:18:13,006
DRUDGERY THEY ALLEVIATED

528
00:18:13,006 --> 00:18:15,042
THEMSELVES BY FINDING JOY IN

529
00:18:15,042 --> 00:18:16,777
ASPECTS OF THEIR LIVES. DURING

530
00:18:16,777 --> 00:18:19,279
THE MORNING COMMUTE TO THE

531
00:18:19,279 --> 00:18:19,880
HOSPITAL SOME GIRLS ASKED THE

532
00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:21,415
DRIVER TO TAKE THE SCENIC ROUTE 

533
00:18:21,415 --> 00:18:22,749
AFTER DUTY THEY DETOURED THROUGH

534
00:18:22,749 --> 00:18:24,985
THE PARK TO LISTEN TO THE MUSIC

535
00:18:24,985 --> 00:18:26,887
BANDS AND FEEL THE BREEZE FROM

536
00:18:26,887 --> 00:18:28,789
THE BAY CARESSING THEIR SKIN.

537
00:18:28,789 --> 00:18:31,024
OUTSIDE THE COURSE THEY LOOK FOR

538
00:18:31,024 --> 00:18:32,492
OPPORTUNITIES FOR AMUSEMENT

539
00:18:32,492 --> 00:18:33,727
PARTICIPATING IN ATHLETICS WITH

540
00:18:33,727 --> 00:18:36,163
OTHER GIRLS AT THE NORMAL

541
00:18:36,163 --> 00:18:38,365
SCHOOL. THESE MOMENTS WERE THE

542
00:18:38,365 --> 00:18:40,701
ONES THEY CHERISHED THE MOST.  

543
00:18:40,701 --> 00:18:42,369
AS THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL

544
00:18:42,369 --> 00:18:44,371
HOSPITAL NEARED COMPLETION THE

545
00:18:44,371 --> 00:18:46,006
GOVERNMENT INVESTED AND EXPANDED

546
00:18:46,006 --> 00:18:49,009
NURSING LAY FORCE. UNDER ACT

547
00:18:49,009 --> 00:18:52,512
1931 APPROPRIATED FUNDS FOR

548
00:18:52,512 --> 00:18:53,246
FISCAL ESTABLISHMENT OF A

549
00:18:53,246 --> 00:18:54,381
TRAINING SCHOOL WHICH UPON

550
00:18:54,381 --> 00:18:55,615
COMPLETION BECOME THE NEW HOME

551
00:18:55,615 --> 00:18:56,650
OF THE PHILIPPINE TRAINING

552
00:18:56,650 --> 00:18:58,218
SCHOOL FOR NURSES.  THIS LAW WAS

553
00:18:58,218 --> 00:19:00,887
FOLLOWED BY ACT NUMBER 1975

554
00:19:00,887 --> 00:19:02,222
WHICH REORGANIZED THE TRAINING

555
00:19:02,222 --> 00:19:04,391
SCHOOL SOLELY UNDER BUREAU OF

556
00:19:04,391 --> 00:19:07,461
HEALTH BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY,

557
00:19:07,461 --> 00:19:10,697
MADE INSTITUTION CO-EDUCATIONAL.

558
00:19:10,697 --> 00:19:11,231
UNFORTUNATELY I DON'T HAVE

559
00:19:11,231 --> 00:19:12,332
ENOUGH TIME TO COVER

560
00:19:12,332 --> 00:19:13,467
SIGNIFICANCE OF MALE STUDENTS IN

561
00:19:13,467 --> 00:19:15,569
THIS PRESENTATION BUT I WILL

562
00:19:15,569 --> 00:19:17,037
TAKE QUESTIONS AT THE END.

563
00:19:17,037 --> 00:19:18,705
MOVING FORWARD THE TERMS STUDENT

564
00:19:18,705 --> 00:19:20,707
NURSE AND GRADUATE NURSE REFER

565
00:19:20,707 --> 00:19:27,247
TO BOTH SEXES.  IN SEPTEMBER 10

566
00:19:27,247 --> 00:19:28,548
SEPTEMBER 1910 THE HOSPITAL OPEN

567
00:19:28,548 --> 00:19:30,317
AND BECOME CENTER OF MODERN

568
00:19:30,317 --> 00:19:32,853
MEDICINE IN ASIA AND MARKET OF

569
00:19:32,853 --> 00:19:34,855
PROGRESS THAT CONFLATED AMERICAN

570
00:19:34,855 --> 00:19:36,056
ATTITUDES.  THE HOSPITAL HAD

571
00:19:36,056 --> 00:19:38,158
FOUR DISTINCT OBJECTIVES TO

572
00:19:38,158 --> 00:19:40,193
SERVE HEALTH NEEDS OF PUBLIC TO

573
00:19:40,193 --> 00:19:42,295
AFFORD UNPARALLELED SERVICE TO

574
00:19:42,295 --> 00:19:43,864
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES TO PROVIDE

575
00:19:43,864 --> 00:19:45,198
EXCEPTIONAL FACILITIES FOR

576
00:19:45,198 --> 00:19:46,700
MEDICAL STUDENTS, AND TO TRAIN

577
00:19:46,700 --> 00:19:49,770
NURSES ON MASS SCALE. WITH 350

578
00:19:49,770 --> 00:19:51,838
BED CAPACITY, THERE WAS NOT ONLY

579
00:19:51,838 --> 00:19:52,839
LARGEST MOST MODERN HOSPITAL IN

580
00:19:52,839 --> 00:19:55,842
THE REGION, BUT DEEMED COLONIAL

581
00:19:55,842 --> 00:19:56,943
AUTHORITIES COMPARABLE TO THE

582
00:19:56,943 --> 00:19:57,611
BEST HOSPITALS IN THE WESTERN

583
00:19:57,611 --> 00:19:59,679
WORLD. LIKE OTHER HOSPITALS IN

584
00:19:59,679 --> 00:20:01,481
THE U.S. THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL

585
00:20:01,481 --> 00:20:03,283
HOSPITAL WAS A CAPITAL INTENSIVE

586
00:20:03,283 --> 00:20:04,317
ENDEAVOR THAT WARRANTED

587
00:20:04,317 --> 00:20:05,218
IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC

588
00:20:05,218 --> 00:20:09,389
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO

589
00:20:09,389 --> 00:20:12,492
ECONOMIZE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY. 

590
00:20:12,492 --> 00:20:13,860
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT BEGAN

591
00:20:13,860 --> 00:20:15,395
THEORY TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC

592
00:20:15,395 --> 00:20:16,296
PERFORMANCE IN THE INDUSTRIAL

593
00:20:16,296 --> 00:20:18,865
SECTOR OF THE US.  BUT GAINED

594
00:20:18,865 --> 00:20:20,133
TRACTION DURING THE PROGRESSIVE

595
00:20:20,133 --> 00:20:26,439
ERA TO ENCOMPASS EVERY ASPECT OF

596
00:20:26,439 --> 00:20:27,340
EXISTENCE. PROGRESS SCIENTIFIC

597
00:20:27,340 --> 00:20:29,476
MANAGEMENT TO CREATE A POLITICS

598
00:20:29,476 --> 00:20:31,178
OF EFFICIENCY THAT PROMOTED A

599
00:20:31,178 --> 00:20:32,612
PROPER WAY OF LIVING, THE

600
00:20:32,612 --> 00:20:34,347
DEFINITION OF EFFICIENCY BURIED

601
00:20:34,347 --> 00:20:36,550
ACROSS FIELDS BUT WITHIN THE

602
00:20:36,550 --> 00:20:38,451
HOSPITAL IT AIMED TO SET ORDER

603
00:20:38,451 --> 00:20:39,986
COB SERVING RESOURCE,

604
00:20:39,986 --> 00:20:42,389
STREAMLINING SERVICES, AND

605
00:20:42,389 --> 00:20:45,091
REGIMENTING STAFF TO ECONOMIZE

606
00:20:45,091 --> 00:20:47,194
OPERATIONS. IN THE HOSPITAL

607
00:20:47,194 --> 00:20:48,061
NURSES WERE ON MISSION AN

608
00:20:48,061 --> 00:20:52,232
TRAINED TO BATTLE DISEASE AND

609
00:20:52,232 --> 00:20:53,500
DISORDERLY ENVIRONMENTS, FITTED

610
00:20:53,500 --> 00:20:57,370
TO REDUCE WASTE AND OVERSEE

611
00:20:57,370 --> 00:21:00,006
EFFICIENCY. NURSE PROPENSITY FOR

612
00:21:00,006 --> 00:21:00,540
APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC

613
00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:01,575
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

614
00:21:01,575 --> 00:21:03,710
DEMONSTRATED ATTEMPT TO ETCH OUT

615
00:21:03,710 --> 00:21:07,247
BOUNDARIES AND CLAIM OBJECTIVE

616
00:21:07,247 --> 00:21:09,249
SCIENTIFIC SPACE UNTAKEN BY

617
00:21:09,249 --> 00:21:10,383
MEDICINE. ACCORDING TO

618
00:21:10,383 --> 00:21:11,852
(INDISCERNIBLE) EFFICIENCY IN

619
00:21:11,852 --> 00:21:12,853
NURSING MEDIATE SERVICE WITH

620
00:21:12,853 --> 00:21:15,322
SCIENCE AND MADE

621
00:21:15,322 --> 00:21:17,123
PROFESSIONALIZATION AMENABLE AND

622
00:21:17,123 --> 00:21:19,392
AMIDST THIS CALCULUS CHARACTER

623
00:21:19,392 --> 00:21:20,694
SERVED AS ABILITY DEEMED

624
00:21:20,694 --> 00:21:22,295
CRITICAL TO REFORMATION IN BOTH

625
00:21:22,295 --> 00:21:27,133
NURSING AND HOSPITAL CARE. 

626
00:21:27,133 --> 00:21:28,635
CHARACTER CAN BE READ AS FITNESS

627
00:21:28,635 --> 00:21:31,605
BUT TAILORED TO NURSING. AND IT

628
00:21:31,605 --> 00:21:33,206
FORMED ASPIRATION FOR EQUAL

629
00:21:33,206 --> 00:21:34,541
STANDARD OF IDEAL NURSE WHO

630
00:21:34,541 --> 00:21:35,909
EMBODIED WESTERN CULTURAL NORMS

631
00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:38,912
OF WOMAN HOOD, VALUES OF

632
00:21:38,912 --> 00:21:42,382
ALTRUISM OBEDIENCE,

633
00:21:42,382 --> 00:21:45,051
SELF-DISCIPLINE THE

634
00:21:45,051 --> 00:21:45,886
(INDISCERNIBLE) NURSE HOWEVER

635
00:21:45,886 --> 00:21:47,287
ANXIETIES IN MAINTAINING THIS

636
00:21:47,287 --> 00:21:50,390
IMAGE AMIDST PHYSICALLY AND

637
00:21:50,390 --> 00:21:52,092
MENTALLY TAX WORK AND DEMANDS OF

638
00:21:52,092 --> 00:21:56,296
THE HOSPITAL. THROUGH EUGENICS

639
00:21:56,296 --> 00:21:57,564
HEREDITY DETERMINE APTITUDE OF

640
00:21:57,564 --> 00:21:59,299
NURSE TO SOME DEGREE OF

641
00:21:59,299 --> 00:22:00,700
CERTAINTY. SCIENTIFIC RACISM

642
00:22:00,700 --> 00:22:04,237
REDUCED ANXIETIES OF WHITE

643
00:22:04,237 --> 00:22:05,372
NURSES FORCING A RACIAL DIVIDE

644
00:22:05,372 --> 00:22:07,173
WHO WAS THE IDEAL NURSE AND

645
00:22:07,173 --> 00:22:09,009
SUSPENDED IN THE PROCESS. AT THE

646
00:22:09,009 --> 00:22:10,577
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL,

647
00:22:10,577 --> 00:22:12,112
AMERICAN NURSE ASSUMED A

648
00:22:12,112 --> 00:22:13,713
SUPERIOR CLASS OF CHARACTER

649
00:22:13,713 --> 00:22:15,148
TRAINING STUDENTS AND OVERSEEING

650
00:22:15,148 --> 00:22:17,284
GRADUATE NURSES WHO IN THEIR

651
00:22:17,284 --> 00:22:18,885
EYES COULD ONLY BECOME PAIL

652
00:22:18,885 --> 00:22:20,220
IMITATIONS.  EXAMINING THE

653
00:22:20,220 --> 00:22:22,756
COLONIAL PROJECT OF AMERICAN

654
00:22:22,756 --> 00:22:24,391
NURSING (INDISCERNIBLE) ASTUTELY

655
00:22:24,391 --> 00:22:27,060
OBSERVED HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS

656
00:22:27,060 --> 00:22:29,496
IDENTIFIED AMERICAN NURSES ON

657
00:22:29,496 --> 00:22:30,997
NURSING TRAINEES WAS IMPORTANT

658
00:22:30,997 --> 00:22:32,666
TO COLONIAL GOALS THAN DIRECT

659
00:22:32,666 --> 00:22:34,334
PATIENT CARE ABILITIES.  THEY

660
00:22:34,334 --> 00:22:36,269
ALSO BELIEVE FILIPINO NURSES

661
00:22:36,269 --> 00:22:37,270
PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES

662
00:22:37,270 --> 00:22:38,204
APPROXIMATE BEHAVE YOUS NEVER

663
00:22:38,204 --> 00:22:39,539
MEASURE TO THE AMERICAN

664
00:22:39,539 --> 00:22:42,208
STANDARD.  THIS ESTABLISHED A

665
00:22:42,208 --> 00:22:44,044
RACIAL DIVISION OF LABOR, NURSE

666
00:22:44,044 --> 00:22:45,946
DUTIES ENTAILED THE DIRECT CARE

667
00:22:45,946 --> 00:22:46,746
OF AMERICAN PATIENTS AND

668
00:22:46,746 --> 00:22:48,415
SUPERVISION OF ANCILLARY STAFF

669
00:22:48,415 --> 00:22:54,788
AND STUDENT NURSES. STILL THE

670
00:22:54,788 --> 00:22:56,489
WITH THE RACIAL HIERARCHY

671
00:22:56,489 --> 00:22:58,558
(INDISCERNIBLE) AS A RYE YUM OF

672
00:22:58,558 --> 00:23:00,894
OF BENEVOLENCE.  ON APRIL 9,

673
00:23:00,894 --> 00:23:02,529
1912 GRADUATION OF SECOND COHORT

674
00:23:02,529 --> 00:23:03,763
OF PHILIPPINE TRAINING SCHOOL

675
00:23:03,763 --> 00:23:05,799
FOR NURSES WAS HIGHLY

676
00:23:05,799 --> 00:23:07,600
POLITICIZED SPENTCAL. IT

677
00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:10,971
OCCURRED AT THE HALL THE PLACE

678
00:23:10,971 --> 00:23:13,006
OF FILIPINO LEGISLATURE WHERE

679
00:23:13,006 --> 00:23:15,375
THE LEADERS AS SPEAKERS, THE

680
00:23:15,375 --> 00:23:16,242
ACTING GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE

681
00:23:16,242 --> 00:23:17,944
ISLAND HANDED OUT DIPLOMAS AND

682
00:23:17,944 --> 00:23:21,181
THE STUDENTS OF EACH SEX WAS

683
00:23:21,181 --> 00:23:23,516
HONORED WITH THE MEDAL FOR

684
00:23:23,516 --> 00:23:24,884
HIGHEST EFFICIENCY RECORD. THIS

685
00:23:24,884 --> 00:23:26,186
GRAND CELEBRATION BY THE

686
00:23:26,186 --> 00:23:28,021
CONCERTED EFFORTS BY THE

687
00:23:28,021 --> 00:23:28,888
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT RAISE

688
00:23:28,888 --> 00:23:30,023
CULTURAL VALUE OF NURSING WITHIN

689
00:23:30,023 --> 00:23:33,460
THE ISLANDS. THE COLONIAL

690
00:23:33,460 --> 00:23:34,260
GOVERNMENT ALSO LEVERAGED

691
00:23:34,260 --> 00:23:35,795
NURSING TO ADVANCE CULTURAL

692
00:23:35,795 --> 00:23:38,465
IMAGE OF U.S. AS EXEMPTIONAL

693
00:23:38,465 --> 00:23:39,499
INTERNATIONALLY -- EXCEPTIONAL

694
00:23:39,499 --> 00:23:41,234
AND DEPLOYED PROGRESS TO ISLANDS

695
00:23:41,234 --> 00:23:44,137
TO DEMARCATE THE CAPABILITIES OF

696
00:23:44,137 --> 00:23:46,206
FILIPINOS OVER THE JAPANESE AS

697
00:23:46,206 --> 00:23:50,010
SHOW OF POWER. IN 1913 LETTER TO

698
00:23:50,010 --> 00:23:51,778
MODERN HOSPITAL JOURNAL,

699
00:23:51,778 --> 00:23:53,813
(INDISCERNIBLE) A HOSPITAL

700
00:23:53,813 --> 00:23:54,714
SUPERINTENDENT OF THE GENERAL

701
00:23:54,714 --> 00:23:56,316
HOSPITAL ASSERTED PHILIPPINES

702
00:23:56,316 --> 00:23:57,684
HAVING MORE PROMISING MATERIAL

703
00:23:57,684 --> 00:24:00,587
THAN JAPAN, WHICH

704
00:24:00,587 --> 00:24:01,855
(INDISCERNIBLE) GERMAN MODEL HE

705
00:24:01,855 --> 00:24:04,324
ALSO CONTENDED THE COURSE OF

706
00:24:04,324 --> 00:24:05,258
INSTRUCTION OFFERED BY THE

707
00:24:05,258 --> 00:24:06,993
PHILIPPINE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR

708
00:24:06,993 --> 00:24:08,561
NURSES IS PROBABLY NOT EXCELLED

709
00:24:08,561 --> 00:24:09,929
BY ANY TRAINING SCHOOL IN THE

710
00:24:09,929 --> 00:24:14,067
WORLDED. I DON'T RECALL

711
00:24:14,067 --> 00:24:14,768
(INAUDIBLE) IN THE UNITED STATES

712
00:24:14,768 --> 00:24:16,169
THAT PROVIDED BETTER FACILITIES

713
00:24:16,169 --> 00:24:20,073
FOR TEACHING THAN ARE FOUND

714
00:24:20,073 --> 00:24:21,741
HERE. REGARDING AMERICAN NURSING

715
00:24:21,741 --> 00:24:23,843
AND ABILITY (INDISCERNIBLE) WAS

716
00:24:23,843 --> 00:24:25,512
UNDERHEARD BY GEOPOLITICS. THE

717
00:24:25,512 --> 00:24:27,447
GROWING IMPERIAL PRESENCE OF

718
00:24:27,447 --> 00:24:28,882
JAPAN RAISED AMERICAN ANXIETY

719
00:24:28,882 --> 00:24:31,151
AND LOOMED OVER THE PHILIPPINE

720
00:24:31,151 --> 00:24:32,352
INDEPENDENCE AND U.S.

721
00:24:32,352 --> 00:24:34,054
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT

722
00:24:34,054 --> 00:24:35,488
TERRITORY CONSIDERED SO FAR IN

723
00:24:35,488 --> 00:24:37,190
DISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT. IN

724
00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:38,658
CLOSING OUT HIS LETTER HE

725
00:24:38,658 --> 00:24:41,694
STRESSED THAT THE GRADUATE

726
00:24:41,694 --> 00:24:44,531
FILIPINO NURSE RANKS NEXT TO

727
00:24:44,531 --> 00:24:47,133
AMERICAN. THIS SHOWS THE STATUS

728
00:24:47,133 --> 00:24:49,836
BETWEEN COLONIZER AND COLONIZED

729
00:24:49,836 --> 00:24:51,004
AND CLAIMED EXCELLENCE OF THE

730
00:24:51,004 --> 00:24:53,239
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES WAS

731
00:24:53,239 --> 00:24:55,442
UNMATCHED PARADOXICALLY

732
00:24:55,442 --> 00:24:56,843
GRADUATES CAPABLE BUT ALSO NOT

733
00:24:56,843 --> 00:25:00,280
QUITE.  THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL

734
00:25:00,280 --> 00:25:03,716
HOSPITAL ACCORDING TO

735
00:25:03,716 --> 00:25:04,918
(INDISCERNIBLE) WAS (INAUDIBLE)

736
00:25:04,918 --> 00:25:06,586
OF COLONIAL QUALITY DEMANDING

737
00:25:06,586 --> 00:25:08,488
WHITE AMERICAN ORDER AND

738
00:25:08,488 --> 00:25:09,823
EFFICIENCY, THERE AMERICAN

739
00:25:09,823 --> 00:25:11,491
NURSES VIEWED THEMSELVES AS IN

740
00:25:11,491 --> 00:25:12,826
CHARGE OF DIRECTING NURSING

741
00:25:12,826 --> 00:25:14,227
SERVICES THEY WERE THE MASTER

742
00:25:14,227 --> 00:25:15,962
SPIRITS DIRECTING THE GROWTH AND

743
00:25:15,962 --> 00:25:16,896
EFFICIENCY. THIS INCLUDED I

744
00:25:16,896 --> 00:25:17,664
DON'T HAVE SEEING THE

745
00:25:17,664 --> 00:25:18,998
PERFORMANCE OF THE FILIPINO

746
00:25:18,998 --> 00:25:21,534
NURSES. THE PATERNALISTIC NATURE

747
00:25:21,534 --> 00:25:26,139
OF BENEVOLENCE BRINGED THE

748
00:25:26,139 --> 00:25:28,608
FILIPINO AS DISABLED AND

749
00:25:28,608 --> 00:25:29,509
UNPRODUCTIVE. SEVERAL EQUAL TO

750
00:25:29,509 --> 00:25:30,910
ONE AMERICAN. THIS VALUATION OF

751
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:32,412
BODIES WAS SUPPORTED BY SALARIES

752
00:25:32,412 --> 00:25:33,947
OF AMERICAN NURSES WHOSE WAGES

753
00:25:33,947 --> 00:25:38,051
WERE (INAUDIBLE) SAME POSITION.

754
00:25:38,051 --> 00:25:39,853
AS SUCH THE AMERICAN -- THE

755
00:25:39,853 --> 00:25:41,020
ECONOMIC VALUE OF AMERICAN

756
00:25:41,020 --> 00:25:42,589
NURSES AFFIRMED THEIR AUTHORITY

757
00:25:42,589 --> 00:25:45,525
IN EXTRACTING LABOR FROM PILL PI

758
00:25:45,525 --> 00:25:46,893
KNOW USER NURSES FOR THE SAKE OF

759
00:25:46,893 --> 00:25:48,261
EFFICIENCY. HOWEVER THE RACIAL

760
00:25:48,261 --> 00:25:49,729
DIVISION OF LABOR SUPPORTING THE

761
00:25:49,729 --> 00:25:51,297
ILLUSION OF AMERICAN NURSE

762
00:25:51,297 --> 00:25:53,800
SUPERIORITY BEGAN TO LOOSEN AS

763
00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:54,968
AMERICAN NURSES PROVED DIFFICULT

764
00:25:54,968 --> 00:25:58,104
TO RECRUIT AND IS MORE COHORT OF

765
00:25:58,104 --> 00:26:00,106
FILIPINO NURSES GRADUATED.  THE

766
00:26:00,106 --> 00:26:02,142
LATTER WERE NOW ALSO TRESS

767
00:26:02,142 --> 00:26:03,610
PASSING UPON THE FORMER

768
00:26:03,610 --> 00:26:04,811
RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE THE

769
00:26:04,811 --> 00:26:07,881
AMERICAN BOARDS. AMERICAN NURSES

770
00:26:07,881 --> 00:26:09,015
AS (INDISCERNIBLE) POINTS OUT

771
00:26:09,015 --> 00:26:10,517
ENTERTAINED THE IDEA THAT

772
00:26:10,517 --> 00:26:11,818
FILIPINO NURSES MIGHT BECOME

773
00:26:11,818 --> 00:26:13,586
EQUALS IN FUTURE BUT NOT PRESENT

774
00:26:13,586 --> 00:26:16,523
TIME OR THEIR PRESENCE. WHILE

775
00:26:16,523 --> 00:26:17,790
COLONIAL AUTHORITIES (INAUDIBLE)

776
00:26:17,790 --> 00:26:19,993
DEMOGRAPHIC OF HOSPITAL FILIPINO

777
00:26:19,993 --> 00:26:21,027
NURSES GROUNDED EXPERIENCES

778
00:26:21,027 --> 00:26:22,362
PARTICULARLY ON THE AMERICAN

779
00:26:22,362 --> 00:26:24,497
WARD ILLUSTRATE A MORE

780
00:26:24,497 --> 00:26:29,269
PRECARIOUS TAIL OF PROGRESS. 

781
00:26:29,269 --> 00:26:30,970
(INDISCERNIBLE) A 20-YEAR-OLD

782
00:26:30,970 --> 00:26:33,439
GRADUATES NURSE EMPLOYED ON

783
00:26:33,439 --> 00:26:34,140
AMERICAN WARD CONSIDERED A

784
00:26:34,140 --> 00:26:36,176
COMPETENT DEVOTED NURSE FOR THE

785
00:26:36,176 --> 00:26:39,646
CHEERFUL DISPOSITIONS BUT MAY 9,

786
00:26:39,646 --> 00:26:41,714
1914 FOUND DEAD IN QUARTER AFTER

787
00:26:41,714 --> 00:26:43,483
IMBIDING DICHLORIDE.  IN THE

788
00:26:43,483 --> 00:26:45,285
DAYS LEAD TO HER DEATH SHE

789
00:26:45,285 --> 00:26:46,319
DEMONSTRATED SIGN OF DEPRESSION

790
00:26:46,319 --> 00:26:47,887
AND NERVOUSNESS WITH HOSPITAL

791
00:26:47,887 --> 00:26:49,789
STAFF DESCRIBING HER AS

792
00:26:49,789 --> 00:26:51,391
FORGETFUL AND VERY NERVOUS,

793
00:26:51,391 --> 00:26:53,293
TITHED LOUDLY AND EXCITEDLY TO

794
00:26:53,293 --> 00:26:55,228
THE NURSES ON THE FLOOR, CRYING

795
00:26:55,228 --> 00:26:56,596
THE LATE HOURS OF THE NIGHT. 

796
00:26:56,596 --> 00:27:00,400
MANY SPECULATED OVER WORK WAS

797
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,169
CAUSE OF HER DETERIORATING AND

798
00:27:03,169 --> 00:27:04,137
WORK PERFORMANCE AND CARING FOR

799
00:27:04,137 --> 00:27:06,172
HER FATHER WHEN OFF DUTY. BEFORE

800
00:27:06,172 --> 00:27:09,542
HE DEATH SHE HAD ADDRESSED

801
00:27:09,542 --> 00:27:10,276
LETTERS TO THE CHIEF NURSE AND

802
00:27:10,276 --> 00:27:11,544
FRIENDS AND RELATIVES BIDDING

803
00:27:11,544 --> 00:27:13,980
FAIR WELL. THESE DIVULGED HER

804
00:27:13,980 --> 00:27:17,750
CLAIMS OF RECEIVING REPRIMAND

805
00:27:17,750 --> 00:27:21,955
FROM THE AMERICAN NURSES. THE

806
00:27:21,955 --> 00:27:22,889
(INAUDIBLE) PAPER SUGGESTED THAT

807
00:27:22,889 --> 00:27:24,257
ON TOP OF THE DEMANDS OF WORK

808
00:27:24,257 --> 00:27:25,792
AND HER INABILITY TO IMPROVE

809
00:27:25,792 --> 00:27:28,261
FATHER'S FAILING HEALTH THE

810
00:27:28,261 --> 00:27:29,662
DEPCATION SHE FACED HAD LOWERED

811
00:27:29,662 --> 00:27:31,164
HER SELF-ESTEEM ENOUGH TO PUSH

812
00:27:31,164 --> 00:27:32,532
HER TO THE EDGE. THE

813
00:27:32,532 --> 00:27:34,234
INVESTIGATION FOLLOWING HER

814
00:27:34,234 --> 00:27:36,102
DEATH FOUND ACCUSATIONS OF

815
00:27:36,102 --> 00:27:38,004
VERBAL ABUSE AND THE DECISION

816
00:27:38,004 --> 00:27:39,572
WOULD SET A PRECEDENT FOR

817
00:27:39,572 --> 00:27:41,307
INDIVIDUAL CULPABILITY ON

818
00:27:41,307 --> 00:27:42,709
COUNTER EXAMPLES OF PROGRESS OR

819
00:27:42,709 --> 00:27:44,877
THE NORM. FOR SHADOWING THE CASE

820
00:27:44,877 --> 00:27:45,712
OF FLORENTINA DEATH IN THE

821
00:27:45,712 --> 00:27:50,450
COMING YEARS. BY 1914 THE

822
00:27:50,450 --> 00:27:51,384
SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMERICANS

823
00:27:51,384 --> 00:27:53,319
WITH FILIPINOS AT THE GENERAL

824
00:27:53,319 --> 00:27:54,420
HOSPITAL WAS WELL UNDERWAY

825
00:27:54,420 --> 00:27:56,189
ALONGSIDE OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF

826
00:27:56,189 --> 00:27:58,791
THE PHILIPPINE CIVIL SERVICE.

827
00:27:58,791 --> 00:27:59,959
THE TURN OVER OF AMERICANS WAS

828
00:27:59,959 --> 00:28:03,196
PART OF THE GOVERNOR'S

829
00:28:03,196 --> 00:28:04,564
PHILIPPINIZATION POLICY THAT

830
00:28:04,564 --> 00:28:06,599
BEGAN IN 1913 AND AIMED TO HAVE

831
00:28:06,599 --> 00:28:08,868
FILIPINOS COMPLETELY OCCUPY

832
00:28:08,868 --> 00:28:10,103
GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SERVANT

833
00:28:10,103 --> 00:28:12,038
POSITIONS IN PREPARATION FOR

834
00:28:12,038 --> 00:28:13,106
THEIR INDEPENDENT. HIS

835
00:28:13,106 --> 00:28:14,407
APPOINTMENT UNDER PRESIDENT

836
00:28:14,407 --> 00:28:17,777
WILSON MARKED THE FIRST TIME

837
00:28:17,777 --> 00:28:19,312
DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAD CONTROL

838
00:28:19,312 --> 00:28:21,714
OVER THE ISLANDS.  AS SUCH THE

839
00:28:21,714 --> 00:28:23,549
ORGANIZATION RECEIVED AD

840
00:28:23,549 --> 00:28:24,917
MODISHMENT FROM REREPUBLICANS

841
00:28:24,917 --> 00:28:26,953
AND RETENTIONISTS THE FORMER

842
00:28:26,953 --> 00:28:29,522
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR WHO

843
00:28:29,522 --> 00:28:30,857
AMBASSADORRED THE POLICY FOR

844
00:28:30,857 --> 00:28:31,891
RUINING THE PROGRESS MADE THUS

845
00:28:31,891 --> 00:28:33,893
FAR, THEY CONSIDERED THAT THE

846
00:28:33,893 --> 00:28:34,994
PHILIPPINES WAS STILL DEVELOPING

847
00:28:34,994 --> 00:28:37,463
AND FILIPINOS REMAINED UNFIT FOR

848
00:28:37,463 --> 00:28:40,033
SELF-GOVERNMENT. STILL,IZER

849
00:28:40,033 --> 00:28:41,634
PRAISED THE PHILIPPINIZATION OF

850
00:28:41,634 --> 00:28:42,568
NURSING SERVICES A T THE

851
00:28:42,568 --> 00:28:44,570
HOSPITAL THE PREVIOUS YEAR WITH

852
00:28:44,570 --> 00:28:47,473
REMAINING EIGHT AMERICAN NURSES

853
00:28:47,473 --> 00:28:49,175
IGNORING PILL FILIPINO NURSE

854
00:28:49,175 --> 00:28:51,411
FITNESS. HE MADE COMMENDATIONS

855
00:28:51,411 --> 00:28:53,379
ABOUT THE GRADUATES, EMPLOYED

856
00:28:53,379 --> 00:28:54,514
INSTRUCTORS A T THE TRAINING

857
00:28:54,514 --> 00:28:56,382
SCHOOL STATING THEY HAD PROVEN

858
00:28:56,382 --> 00:28:57,984
THEIR ABILITY TO CARRY ON WORK

859
00:28:57,984 --> 00:28:59,252
OF PREDECESSORS SO IF THERE WAS

860
00:28:59,252 --> 00:29:01,287
ONE AREA OF O DEVELOPMENT THAT

861
00:29:01,287 --> 00:29:03,189
PROVED READY FOR AUTONOMY, HE

862
00:29:03,189 --> 00:29:07,827
BELIEVED IT WAS NURSING.  

863
00:29:07,827 --> 00:29:09,429
HOWEVER PHILIPPINIZATION AT THE

864
00:29:09,429 --> 00:29:11,164
HOSPITAL REMAINS ACYTE OF

865
00:29:11,164 --> 00:29:12,532
TENSION, THE INSTITUTION

866
00:29:12,532 --> 00:29:13,933
UNDERWENT REORGANIZATION

867
00:29:13,933 --> 00:29:16,469
FOLLOWING WINIFRED'S APPOINTMENT

868
00:29:16,469 --> 00:29:18,104
AS SECRETARY OF SPIN YOUR AS HE

869
00:29:18,104 --> 00:29:19,639
ATTEMPTED TO -- INTERIOR AS HE

870
00:29:19,639 --> 00:29:20,573
ATTEMPTED TO IMPROVE THE

871
00:29:20,573 --> 00:29:23,743
REPUTATION.  ON FEBRUARY 5, 1915

872
00:29:23,743 --> 00:29:25,812
PASSAGE OF ACT 2467 LED TO MAJOR

873
00:29:25,812 --> 00:29:26,979
CHANGES AT THE PHILIPPINE

874
00:29:26,979 --> 00:29:28,047
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES.  THE

875
00:29:28,047 --> 00:29:29,048
TRAINING SCHOOL BECAME A

876
00:29:29,048 --> 00:29:30,850
DEPARTMENT OF THE HOSPITAL AND

877
00:29:30,850 --> 00:29:32,452
HAD ACADEMIC CURRICULUM OVERSEEN

878
00:29:32,452 --> 00:29:33,853
BY THE UNIVERSITY OF

879
00:29:33,853 --> 00:29:35,955
PHILIPPINES. THESE CHANGES WERE

880
00:29:35,955 --> 00:29:39,092
CEMENTED BY RENAMING TO THE

881
00:29:39,092 --> 00:29:39,659
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL

882
00:29:39,659 --> 00:29:42,595
SCHOOL OF NURSING. BY START OF

883
00:29:42,595 --> 00:29:45,031
1915, 1916 YEAR, THE SCHOOL OF

884
00:29:45,031 --> 00:29:47,867
NURSING HAD CUMULATIVELY

885
00:29:47,867 --> 00:29:49,569
PRODUCED 146 GRADUATES AND

886
00:29:49,569 --> 00:29:50,837
CURRENTLY ENROLLED AROUND 200

887
00:29:50,837 --> 00:29:53,840
STUDENTS. AS SEEN BY THESE MAPS,

888
00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:56,509
THEY HAILED ACROSS MORE THAN 180

889
00:29:56,509 --> 00:29:58,111
TOWNS WITH ONE INTERNATIONAL

890
00:29:58,111 --> 00:29:59,579
STUDENTS FROM CHINA. THE RAPID

891
00:29:59,579 --> 00:30:02,115
DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING CANNOT BE

892
00:30:02,115 --> 00:30:05,184
SKOALLY CREDITED TO AMERICAN

893
00:30:05,184 --> 00:30:06,119
INGENUITY AS STUDENT AND

894
00:30:06,119 --> 00:30:08,087
GRADUATE NURSES PROVIDED CARE

895
00:30:08,087 --> 00:30:11,157
ACROSS THE ISLANDS. THE COLONIAL

896
00:30:11,157 --> 00:30:12,158
GOVERNMENT WOULD RAPPORT THAT

897
00:30:12,158 --> 00:30:13,826
HOSPITAL 1915 HAD ONE OF THE

898
00:30:13,826 --> 00:30:16,629
MOST SUCCESSFUL FISCAL YEARS IN

899
00:30:16,629 --> 00:30:18,197
HISTORY REGARDING QUALITY OF

900
00:30:18,197 --> 00:30:20,733
WORK, HOWEVER THIS CONTRAST WITH

901
00:30:20,733 --> 00:30:22,101
THE DIE TRIBE OF A FORMER MEMBER

902
00:30:22,101 --> 00:30:23,603
OF THE PHILIPPINE DEPARTMENT OF

903
00:30:23,603 --> 00:30:24,570
EDUCATION WHO DESCRIBED THE

904
00:30:24,570 --> 00:30:26,472
HOSPITAL THAT YEAR AS BEING THE

905
00:30:26,472 --> 00:30:28,908
MOST CONSPICUOUS EXAMPLE OF

906
00:30:28,908 --> 00:30:30,543
DISORGANIZATION AND INEFFICIENCY

907
00:30:30,543 --> 00:30:32,578
THAT MATERIALIZED FROM UNDER THE

908
00:30:32,578 --> 00:30:34,714
EVIL EFFECTS OF THE PRESENT

909
00:30:34,714 --> 00:30:36,482
REGIME. HE FAILED TO PROVIDE

910
00:30:36,482 --> 00:30:38,184
EVIDENCE FOR THE ACCUSATION BUT

911
00:30:38,184 --> 00:30:42,221
IT WASN'T WITHOUT MERIT MERIT. 

912
00:30:42,221 --> 00:30:43,623
CONTROVERSY AROSE AROUND THE YOU

913
00:30:43,623 --> 00:30:45,191
WILLTURE OF DISCIPLINE WHICH --

914
00:30:45,191 --> 00:30:46,692
CULTURE OF DISCIPLINE WHICH LED

915
00:30:46,692 --> 00:30:48,227
MEMBERS OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY

916
00:30:48,227 --> 00:30:52,398
BOARD TO RESIGN IN JULY 1915. 

917
00:30:52,398 --> 00:30:54,400
THE ADVISORY BOARD COMPRISED

918
00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:56,035
PROMINENT FILIPINO WOMEN IN

919
00:30:56,035 --> 00:30:58,438
COMMUNITY NOTABLY THE PRESIDENT,

920
00:30:58,438 --> 00:31:00,306
WHO NOW MARRIED HAD HELPED

921
00:31:00,306 --> 00:31:01,641
CONCEIVE PROFESSIONAL NURSING AT

922
00:31:01,641 --> 00:31:03,443
GIRL'S DORMITORY. ONE STUDENT

923
00:31:03,443 --> 00:31:06,579
NURSE DESCRIBED (INDISCERNIBLE)

924
00:31:06,579 --> 00:31:08,548
DOES AS ENCOURAGING MANY GIRLS

925
00:31:08,548 --> 00:31:10,082
TO ENTERTHE PROFESSION AND

926
00:31:10,082 --> 00:31:11,918
BEFRIENDING HUNDREDS OF THEM.

927
00:31:11,918 --> 00:31:13,419
THE BOARD PURPOSE TO COOPERATE

928
00:31:13,419 --> 00:31:14,420
WITH HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES ON

929
00:31:14,420 --> 00:31:16,322
MATTERS REGARDING THE SCHOOL AND

930
00:31:16,322 --> 00:31:18,491
THE WELFARE OF THE STUDENT BODY.

931
00:31:18,491 --> 00:31:20,860
(INDISCERNIBLE) READYING NATION

932
00:31:20,860 --> 00:31:23,262
THE BOARD ABOUT SOLVED ITSELF OF

933
00:31:23,262 --> 00:31:25,031
COMPLAINTS OF STUDENTS REGARDING

934
00:31:25,031 --> 00:31:26,499
(INDISCERNIBLE) IT ATTEMPTED TO

935
00:31:26,499 --> 00:31:27,867
MEDIATE TWO PARTIES BY

936
00:31:27,867 --> 00:31:30,536
FORWARDING CASES TO SECRETARY

937
00:31:30,536 --> 00:31:31,904
DEMNISON BUT HE RULED THE BOARD

938
00:31:31,904 --> 00:31:34,740
HAD NO JURISDICTION OVER MATTERS

939
00:31:34,740 --> 00:31:35,475
BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS AND

940
00:31:35,475 --> 00:31:36,943
HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES AS THEIR

941
00:31:36,943 --> 00:31:39,479
INTERVENTION IMPEDED THE

942
00:31:39,479 --> 00:31:40,847
HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY WILL

943
00:31:40,847 --> 00:31:42,014
DETERMINE NURSE IN THE FUTURE

944
00:31:42,014 --> 00:31:43,249
SEEKING ASSISTANCE FROM EXTERNAL

945
00:31:43,249 --> 00:31:45,451
PARTIES REGARDING DISCIPLINARY

946
00:31:45,451 --> 00:31:47,186
MEASURES (INDISCERNIBLE) BE

947
00:31:47,186 --> 00:31:50,923
GROUNDS FOR EXPUNCHES. HIS

948
00:31:50,923 --> 00:31:53,626
RULING (INDISCERNIBLE) SAFEGUARD

949
00:31:53,626 --> 00:31:55,428
INSTITUTIONS PROGRESSIVE IMAGE

950
00:31:55,428 --> 00:31:57,330
ALREADY UNDER ATTACK. HOWEVER

951
00:31:57,330 --> 00:31:59,999
THIS RULING WAS AN AFFRONT OF

952
00:31:59,999 --> 00:32:01,267
THE FUNCTION OF THE BOARD AND

953
00:32:01,267 --> 00:32:03,269
PRIMARY CAUSE FOR ITS

954
00:32:03,269 --> 00:32:05,271
RESIGNATION. IN A LETTER TO THE

955
00:32:05,271 --> 00:32:06,372
SECRETARY BOARD ASSERTED

956
00:32:06,372 --> 00:32:11,010
(INDISCERNIBLE) RESULTED FROM

957
00:32:11,010 --> 00:32:13,045
STUDENTS DISCIPLINARY MEASURES

958
00:32:13,045 --> 00:32:14,614
STRAINING THE RELATIONSHIP

959
00:32:14,614 --> 00:32:16,749
BETWEEN STUDENTS AND THE

960
00:32:16,749 --> 00:32:17,283
SUPERINTENDENT AND E SPITE

961
00:32:17,283 --> 00:32:19,552
ATTEMPT TO ASSIST IN SETTLEMENT

962
00:32:19,552 --> 00:32:21,220
OF CONTROVERSIES AND THE

963
00:32:21,220 --> 00:32:23,856
HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES, NO

964
00:32:23,856 --> 00:32:24,757
CONSIDERATIONS (INDISCERNIBLE)

965
00:32:24,757 --> 00:32:28,294
HAD BEEN GIVEN TO THE DIFFERENT

966
00:32:28,294 --> 00:32:28,761
MATTERS (INAUDIBLE).

967
00:32:28,761 --> 00:32:33,633
(INDISCERNIBLE) MORE SO AS

968
00:32:33,633 --> 00:32:38,604
(INAUDIBLE) NOW VOICE OF

969
00:32:38,604 --> 00:32:40,172
PROMINENT FILIPINOS COULD NO

970
00:32:40,172 --> 00:32:41,707
LONGER RAISE CONCERNS OR L

971
00:32:41,707 --> 00:32:42,808
CHALLENGE HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES. 

972
00:32:42,808 --> 00:32:44,410
AS SUCH THE DISCIPLINARY CULTURE

973
00:32:44,410 --> 00:32:46,579
OF THE SCHOOL BECAME UNCHECKED

974
00:32:46,579 --> 00:32:48,447
AND STUDENTS FRUSTRATIONS BEGAN

975
00:32:48,447 --> 00:32:53,653
FOSTER. -- TO FESTER.  ON MAY 3,

976
00:32:53,653 --> 00:32:55,922
1916 WILLIAM (INDISCERNIBLE)

977
00:32:55,922 --> 00:32:57,089
DIRECTOR OF THE HOSPITAL TRIED

978
00:32:57,089 --> 00:32:59,058
TO INCREASE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY

979
00:32:59,058 --> 00:33:00,760
ANNOUNCED INTRODUCTIONS OF

980
00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:04,730
(INAUDIBLE) HOWEVER ATHLETICS

981
00:33:04,730 --> 00:33:06,399
WAS A MAIN STAY AT THE SCHOOL

982
00:33:06,399 --> 00:33:13,406
(INDISCERNIBLE) IMPLEMENTATION

983
00:33:13,406 --> 00:33:17,109
WAS NOVEL CONSIDERING THE STUDY

984
00:33:17,109 --> 00:33:18,544
OF AMERICAN CURRICULA CONDUCTED

985
00:33:18,544 --> 00:33:20,246
(INDISCERNIBLE) DEPICTED THAT OF

986
00:33:20,246 --> 00:33:21,714
NIGHT SCHOOLS ONLY THREE HAD A

987
00:33:21,714 --> 00:33:23,282
COURSE DEDICATED TO PHYSICAL

988
00:33:23,282 --> 00:33:25,751
EDUCATION.  AT THE PHILIPPINE

989
00:33:25,751 --> 00:33:27,019
GENERAL HOSPITAL SKOL OF NURSING

990
00:33:27,019 --> 00:33:30,022
THE ATHLETICS COURSE

991
00:33:30,022 --> 00:33:31,724
(INDISCERNIBLE) SEPARATELY ONCE

992
00:33:31,724 --> 00:33:34,160
A WEEK FOR CALISTHENICS BUT

993
00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:35,528
STUDENTS COULD ALSO PARTAKE IN

994
00:33:35,528 --> 00:33:38,130
SPORTS CLUBS INCLUDING TENNIS,

995
00:33:38,130 --> 00:33:41,033
BASKETBALL INDOOR BASEBALL AND

996
00:33:41,033 --> 00:33:43,035
VOLLEYBALL. HE INSISTED THE

997
00:33:43,035 --> 00:33:45,137
CURRENT (INAUDIBLE) WAS ELECTED.

998
00:33:45,137 --> 00:33:47,206
WHAT MADE HIS COURSE DIFFERENT

999
00:33:47,206 --> 00:33:48,674
WAS THE PHYSICAL DEMANDS ON

1000
00:33:48,674 --> 00:33:49,976
STUDENTS, THE NEW COURSE THAT

1001
00:33:49,976 --> 00:33:51,210
BEGAN ON MAY 15 REQUIRED

1002
00:33:51,210 --> 00:33:53,412
STUDENTS OF BOTH SEXES TO REPORT

1003
00:33:53,412 --> 00:33:59,318
PROMPTLY TO THE ATHLETICS GROWN

1004
00:33:59,318 --> 00:34:03,022
AT 4:30 P.M. TO EXERCISE FOR 45

1005
00:34:03,022 --> 00:34:05,391
MINUTES FIVE DAYS A WEEK. THEY

1006
00:34:05,391 --> 00:34:07,526
CONDITIONED STUDENTS ABILITY TO

1007
00:34:07,526 --> 00:34:09,061
ENDURE (INAUDIBLE) STRENUOUS

1008
00:34:09,061 --> 00:34:10,763
DEMANS OF PATIENT CARE. FOR

1009
00:34:10,763 --> 00:34:13,099
AMERICAN NURSE EDUCATOR CLAIRE,

1010
00:34:13,099 --> 00:34:15,234
IT COULD REJUVENATE HEALTH OF

1011
00:34:15,234 --> 00:34:16,569
STUDENTS WRONGED BY TIRELESS

1012
00:34:16,569 --> 00:34:19,605
DEMANDS OF TRAINING SCHOOL. HER

1013
00:34:19,605 --> 00:34:21,207
CONTEMPORARY LOOKED BEYOND

1014
00:34:21,207 --> 00:34:22,141
INDIVIDUAL WELL BEING TO

1015
00:34:22,141 --> 00:34:23,209
CAPITALIZE ON THE VALUE OF

1016
00:34:23,209 --> 00:34:24,677
CONDITIONING BODIES TO MEET

1017
00:34:24,677 --> 00:34:26,579
DEMANDS OF THE MODERN HOSPITAL.

1018
00:34:26,579 --> 00:34:28,848
SHE POSITIONED TO USE PHYSICAL

1019
00:34:28,848 --> 00:34:30,149
EXERCISE TO CORRECT BODILY

1020
00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:31,651
WEAKNESSES AND IMPROVE THE

1021
00:34:31,651 --> 00:34:34,654
PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF NURSES,

1022
00:34:34,654 --> 00:34:36,489
IMPROVE PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF

1023
00:34:36,489 --> 00:34:37,957
NURSES.  HER POSITION DIDN'T

1024
00:34:37,957 --> 00:34:40,192
EXIST WITHIN A VACUUM BUT

1025
00:34:40,192 --> 00:34:41,460
AMIDDIST MOVEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC

1026
00:34:41,460 --> 00:34:42,995
MANAGEMENT AND RACISM. THE

1027
00:34:42,995 --> 00:34:45,998
BELIEF THE FILIPINO BODY WAS

1028
00:34:45,998 --> 00:34:47,967
FEEBLE MADE FILIPINO NURSES

1029
00:34:47,967 --> 00:34:49,101
VULNERABLE TO DISCIPLINARY

1030
00:34:49,101 --> 00:34:51,504
MEASURES PROMOTING EFFICIENCY

1031
00:34:51,504 --> 00:34:53,873
LIKE EXERCISE. HE REASONED HIS

1032
00:34:53,873 --> 00:34:55,641
COURSE WAS NECESSARY TO IMPROVE

1033
00:34:55,641 --> 00:34:57,510
THE FITNESS OF THE NURSES,

1034
00:34:57,510 --> 00:35:00,012
ASSERTING NURSING IS THE MOST

1035
00:35:00,012 --> 00:35:01,113
ARDUOUS OCCUPATION KNOWN FOR

1036
00:35:01,113 --> 00:35:02,848
WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE AND EVEN IN

1037
00:35:02,848 --> 00:35:04,083
THE UNITED STATES WITH LARGER

1038
00:35:04,083 --> 00:35:06,018
AND PHYSICALLY STRONGER CLASS OF

1039
00:35:06,018 --> 00:35:08,254
WOMEN THAN EXIST HERE, MORE

1040
00:35:08,254 --> 00:35:09,488
FAILURES IN INDIVIDUAL NURSES

1041
00:35:09,488 --> 00:35:10,723
HAVE DUE TO PHYSICAL REASONS

1042
00:35:10,723 --> 00:35:12,324
THAN ANY OTHER ONE CAUSE.  MY

1043
00:35:12,324 --> 00:35:14,026
EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS IN THIS

1044
00:35:14,026 --> 00:35:16,228
COUNTRY AND ANALYSIS OF RECORDS

1045
00:35:16,228 --> 00:35:18,230
OF SCHOOL SHOW THAT PHYSICAL

1046
00:35:18,230 --> 00:35:19,365
INEFFICIENCY IS GREATEST

1047
00:35:19,365 --> 00:35:22,635
OBSTACLE TO ADVANCEMENT OF

1048
00:35:22,635 --> 00:35:23,436
PROFESSIONAL NURSING IN THIS

1049
00:35:23,436 --> 00:35:29,175
COUNTRY AND (INDISCERNIBLE). 

1050
00:35:29,175 --> 00:35:29,542
RACIALIZATION --

1051
00:35:29,542 --> 00:35:32,144
>> EXCUSE ME. THIS IS JEFF

1052
00:35:32,144 --> 00:35:34,046
OBVIOUSLY. CAN I ASK YOU, I'M

1053
00:35:34,046 --> 00:35:35,281
SORRY TO INTERRUPT YOU, I

1054
00:35:35,281 --> 00:35:36,782
APOLOGIZE. COULD YOU PAUSE FOR

1055
00:35:36,782 --> 00:35:39,585
JUST A MOMENT WHILE WE TRY TO

1056
00:35:39,585 --> 00:35:40,820
TROUBLESHOOT YOUR SOUND?

1057
00:35:40,820 --> 00:35:42,121
>> OF COURSE. 

1058
00:35:42,121 --> 00:35:45,825
>> YOUR BANDWIDTH IS
DEGRADING

1059
00:35:45,825 --> 00:35:49,395
THROUGH NO FAULT OF ANYBODYs

1060
00:35:49,395 --> 00:35:50,730
AND WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO

1061
00:35:50,730 --> 00:35:51,430
SMOOTH THINGS OUT.  THANK YOU

1062
00:35:51,430 --> 00:35:52,565
VERY MUCH AND TO EVERYONE

1063
00:35:52,565 --> 00:35:53,599
WATCHING. PLEASE CAN WE HAVE

1064
00:35:53,599 --> 00:35:54,934
YOUR PATIENTS FOR JUST A MOMENT.

1065
00:35:54,934 --> 00:35:56,435
THANK YOU. I'LL BE RIGHT BACK

1066
00:35:56,435 --> 00:36:07,279
WITH YOU. THANK YOU. FLORENTISOD

1067
00:36:09,915 --> 00:36:12,318
DO A ROBUST SON CHECK BEFORE

1068
00:36:12,318 --> 00:36:13,819
REN'S TALK. BUT THESE THINGS

1069
00:36:13,819 --> 00:36:14,920
HAPPEN. TECHNOLOGY IS WHAT IT

1070
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:17,957
IS.  THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR

1071
00:36:17,957 --> 00:36:19,291
PATIENCE. WE WILL BE RIGHT BACK

1072
00:36:19,291 --> 00:36:27,666
WITH YOU IN A MOMENT. REN YOUR

1073
00:36:27,666 --> 00:36:29,435
TALK IS FANTASTIC AND I HAVE

1074
00:36:29,435 --> 00:36:30,970
SEVERAL GREAT QUESTIONS FOR YOU

1075
00:36:30,970 --> 00:36:33,506
THAT I THINK YOU WILL APPRECIATE

1076
00:36:33,506 --> 00:36:35,274
TO TEASE OUT THE MEANING OF SOME

1077
00:36:35,274 --> 00:36:37,143
OF THE THINGS YOU HAVE RAISED.

1078
00:36:37,143 --> 00:36:37,977
REALLY DO LOOK FORWARDS TO THE

1079
00:36:37,977 --> 00:36:41,680
Q&A.  AT THE CONCLUSION.
THANK

1080
00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:47,686
YOU. THANK YOU AGAIN FOR YOUR

1081
00:36:47,686 --> 00:36:49,755
PATIENCE. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME

1082
00:36:49,755 --> 00:36:51,357
WE HAVE EVERY NEEDED TO DO.

1083
00:36:51,357 --> 00:36:52,725
THIS DUE TO A SOUNDED ISSUE WE

1084
00:36:52,725 --> 00:36:54,994
WANT TO TRY TO TROUBLESHOOT. SO

1085
00:36:54,994 --> 00:36:56,896
WE ARE WORKING ON IT. 

1086
00:36:56,896 --> 00:37:00,800
>> NO WORRIES.  I TEND TO
HAVE

1087
00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:01,934
BAD LUCK ANYWAY. BOUND TO

1088
00:37:01,934 --> 00:37:02,635
HAPPEN.

1089
00:37:02,635 --> 00:37:04,537
>> REN, WE ARE GOING TO
MOVE

1090
00:37:04,537 --> 00:37:06,038
WHEN YOU ARE READY, WE ARE GOING

1091
00:37:06,038 --> 00:37:08,474
TO MOVE TO YOUR NEXT SLIDE. BACK

1092
00:37:08,474 --> 00:37:11,777
TO YOU. IF YOU GIVE YOUR VERBAL

1093
00:37:11,777 --> 00:37:12,912
QUEUE WE WILL THEN MOVE THE

1094
00:37:12,912 --> 00:37:16,816
SLIDES FOR YOU. 

1095
00:37:16,816 --> 00:37:25,558
>>

1096
00:37:25,558 --> 00:37:26,525
>> CAN YOU REPEAT THAT?

1097
00:37:26,525 --> 00:37:28,394
>> I'M NOT SHOWING THE
SLIDES

1098
00:37:28,394 --> 00:37:29,428
ANY MORE, YOU GUYS ARE?

1099
00:37:29,428 --> 00:37:30,896
>> CORRECT. WE ARE GOING
TO

1100
00:37:30,896 --> 00:37:32,598
SHIFT THAT OVER. WHEN YOU WANT

1101
00:37:32,598 --> 00:37:36,702
TO MOVE TO THE NEXT SLIDE JUST

1102
00:37:36,702 --> 00:37:47,213
LET -- JUST SAY SO.  SHOULD I

1103
00:37:47,847 --> 00:37:47,980
BEGIN?

1104
00:37:47,980 --> 00:37:51,617
>> ONE MOMENT, PLEASE. 
YES.

1105
00:37:51,617 --> 00:37:57,056
PLEASE CONTINUE. WE WILL PICK IT

1106
00:37:57,056 --> 00:37:58,324
UP FROM HERE. THANK YOU ALL FOR

1107
00:37:58,324 --> 00:38:00,459
YOUR PATIENCE. REN BACK TO YOU. 

1108
00:38:00,459 --> 00:38:01,594
PLEASE CONTINUE WHEN YOU WANT TO

1109
00:38:01,594 --> 00:38:03,462
US TO CHANGE SLIDES, WE'LL DO

1110
00:38:03,462 --> 00:38:05,931
THAT. THANK YOU.

1111
00:38:05,931 --> 00:38:07,533
>> THANK YOU, EVERYONE FOR
YOUR

1112
00:38:07,533 --> 00:38:10,636
PATIENCE. I JUST FINISHED

1113
00:38:10,636 --> 00:38:11,403
MUSGROVE'S QUOTE POO SO I WILL

1114
00:38:11,403 --> 00:38:12,671
CONTINUE WHERE I LEFT OFF. THE

1115
00:38:12,671 --> 00:38:16,909
QUOTE JUST FINISHED.  RACIALIZAS

1116
00:38:16,909 --> 00:38:18,444
AS WEAKER THAN AMERICAN COUNTER

1117
00:38:18,444 --> 00:38:19,979
PARTS INFER THEIR BODIES COULD

1118
00:38:19,979 --> 00:38:21,547
BE PUSHED FURTHER, BE MORE

1119
00:38:21,547 --> 00:38:23,983
EFFICIENT AND PRODUCTIVE. IN

1120
00:38:23,983 --> 00:38:25,551
OTHER WORDS THEY EXPECTED

1121
00:38:25,551 --> 00:38:26,719
INEFFICIENCY OF FILIPINO NURSES

1122
00:38:26,719 --> 00:38:28,520
NOT ONLY PREVENTED THEIR EQUAL

1123
00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:29,788
STATUS TO AMERICAN NURSES BUT

1124
00:38:29,788 --> 00:38:32,224
MADE THEIR BODIES MORE

1125
00:38:32,224 --> 00:38:37,796
VULNERABLE TO DISTRACTIONS. IN

1126
00:38:37,796 --> 00:38:45,938
HEXOSLIDE.  IMPLEMENTATION OF

1127
00:38:45,938 --> 00:38:47,806
NEW ATHLETICS COURSE WAS NOT

1128
00:38:47,806 --> 00:38:49,408
SMOOTH. BEING MET WITH PASSIVE

1129
00:38:49,408 --> 00:38:51,277
RESISTANCE FROM THE STUDENTS,

1130
00:38:51,277 --> 00:38:54,914
MICHAEL WALSH THE INSTRUCTOR

1131
00:38:54,914 --> 00:38:58,851
OBSERVED THE -- IS THAT THE

1132
00:38:58,851 --> 00:39:00,653
RIGHT SLIDE? NOT SURE IF THAT IS

1133
00:39:00,653 --> 00:39:02,254
THE RIGHT SLIDE. THAT'S THE ONE.

1134
00:39:02,254 --> 00:39:12,631
SORRY. ONE SECOND THE

1135
00:39:15,901 --> 00:39:17,770
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW

1136
00:39:17,770 --> 00:39:19,104
ATHLETICS COURSE WAS NOT SMOOTH

1137
00:39:19,104 --> 00:39:21,874
MET WITH RESISTANCE FROM THE

1138
00:39:21,874 --> 00:39:24,176
STUDENSTUDENTS. THE ATHLETICS

1139
00:39:24,176 --> 00:39:25,244
INSTRUCTOR OBSERVED THE

1140
00:39:25,244 --> 00:39:26,345
PARTICIPATION OF FEMALE STUDENTS

1141
00:39:26,345 --> 00:39:27,880
WHO OFTEN LAGGED WHILE RUNNING.

1142
00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:29,682
TO COUNTER ACT THIS HE REQUIRED

1143
00:39:29,682 --> 00:39:31,684
THE GIRLS TO HOLD HANDS OF MALE

1144
00:39:31,684 --> 00:39:33,052
PEERS WHILE RUNNING LAPS THE

1145
00:39:33,052 --> 00:39:34,887
PRACTICE OF HANDS HOLDING WAS

1146
00:39:34,887 --> 00:39:35,888
DISCONTINUED AFTER SEVERAL

1147
00:39:35,888 --> 00:39:38,357
ATTEMPTS DUE TO PERCEIVED VISUAL

1148
00:39:38,357 --> 00:39:40,559
DISCOMFORT AND COMPLAINTS THIS

1149
00:39:40,559 --> 00:39:42,494
CORRECTIVE ACTION WAS ODD

1150
00:39:42,494 --> 00:39:43,896
CONSIDERING PHYSICAL CONTACT

1151
00:39:43,896 --> 00:39:46,498
WITH OPPOSITE SEX OUTSIDE OF

1152
00:39:46,498 --> 00:39:47,399
MARRIAGE IS AGAINST THEIR

1153
00:39:47,399 --> 00:39:49,635
CULTURE. OVER TIME ABSENCES AND

1154
00:39:49,635 --> 00:39:51,971
TARDINESS AMONG SENIOR STUDENTS

1155
00:39:51,971 --> 00:39:54,073
BECAME MORE VISIBLE COUNTER ACT

1156
00:39:54,073 --> 00:39:56,976
THESE SILENT PROTEST IT IS

1157
00:39:56,976 --> 00:39:58,377
ADMINISTRATION ON AUGUST 17

1158
00:39:58,377 --> 00:39:59,345
BEGAN STRICTER MEASURES FOR EACH

1159
00:39:59,345 --> 00:40:02,414
SEX WITH SENIOR MALE STUDENTS

1160
00:40:02,414 --> 00:40:03,482
PUNISHMENT PROVING THE MOST

1161
00:40:03,482 --> 00:40:04,850
SEVERE. WHILE GIRLS HAD

1162
00:40:04,850 --> 00:40:07,619
DORMITORY PRIVILEGED REVOKED AND

1163
00:40:07,619 --> 00:40:10,656
TAGS REMOVED BOYS SCRUBBED

1164
00:40:10,656 --> 00:40:13,325
TOILETS FOR TWO HOURS EACH DAY

1165
00:40:13,325 --> 00:40:15,094
FOR A WEEK IN ADDITION THE THE

1166
00:40:15,094 --> 00:40:17,896
REGULAR EIGHT HOUR DUTY. HOWEVER

1167
00:40:17,896 --> 00:40:20,299
PUNISHMENTS FOR STUDENTS

1168
00:40:20,299 --> 00:40:21,834
DEMONSTRATING GOOD BEHAVIOR WERE

1169
00:40:21,834 --> 00:40:23,502
SUSPENDED. THE LENIENCY ON

1170
00:40:23,502 --> 00:40:25,971
AUGUST 18 COINCIDE WITH THE

1171
00:40:25,971 --> 00:40:29,708
SUICIDES OF FLORENTINA THOUSAND

1172
00:40:29,708 --> 00:40:31,510
SHE SAID THIS EVENT WAS NOT DUE

1173
00:40:31,510 --> 00:40:35,481
TO THE PUNISHMENTS. AMIDST THE

1174
00:40:35,481 --> 00:40:38,350
TENSION, THE LOCAL PRESS

1175
00:40:38,350 --> 00:40:41,920
ASCRIBED OUTRAGE. PARTICULARLY

1176
00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:42,521
TARGETED MUSGROVE AND

1177
00:40:42,521 --> 00:40:43,622
(INDISCERNIBLE) AND SPUN A

1178
00:40:43,622 --> 00:40:46,625
NARRATIVE THAT BLAMED HOSPITAL

1179
00:40:46,625 --> 00:40:47,159
INEFFICIENCY ON AMERICAN

1180
00:40:47,159 --> 00:40:57,669
INCOMPETENCY. HEADLINES ABOUT

1181
00:40:58,804 --> 00:41:01,073
THE HOP COINCIDE WITH THOSE --

1182
00:41:01,073 --> 00:41:02,708
ABOUT THE HOSPITAL COINCIDE WITH

1183
00:41:02,708 --> 00:41:04,576
THOSE ON THE JONES BILL, A

1184
00:41:04,576 --> 00:41:05,944
PROPOSED U.S. LEGISLATION

1185
00:41:05,944 --> 00:41:07,813
INTRODUCED IN 1912 THAT

1186
00:41:07,813 --> 00:41:09,548
ENDEAVORED FORMAL COMMITMENT TO

1187
00:41:09,548 --> 00:41:11,050
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE, THAT

1188
00:41:11,050 --> 00:41:13,152
CURRENT ITERATION WAS SET TO BE

1189
00:41:13,152 --> 00:41:14,319
LAW BY U.S. CONGRESS IN THE

1190
00:41:14,319 --> 00:41:17,990
COMING WEEKS. IT WOULD FURTHER

1191
00:41:17,990 --> 00:41:21,160
INSTITUTIONALIZE DEMOCRATIC

1192
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:22,961
REPUBLIC AND GRANT IMMUNITY OVER

1193
00:41:22,961 --> 00:41:24,797
THE LEGISLATURE BUT MAINTAINED

1194
00:41:24,797 --> 00:41:27,232
POWERS OF APPOINTED GOVERNOR

1195
00:41:27,232 --> 00:41:29,568
GENTLE GRANTED UPON PROOF OF

1196
00:41:29,568 --> 00:41:31,136
GOVERNMENT. ACCORDING TO

1197
00:41:31,136 --> 00:41:32,371
(INDISCERNIBLE) THE BILL HAD A

1198
00:41:32,371 --> 00:41:34,706
PRIMARY DEFECT. IT FORCED

1199
00:41:34,706 --> 00:41:35,741
FILIPINOS TO PROVE ABILITY

1200
00:41:35,741 --> 00:41:38,377
ABILITY FOR SELF-GOVERNMENT IN

1201
00:41:38,377 --> 00:41:40,245
ALIEN POLITICAL SYSTEM THEIR

1202
00:41:40,245 --> 00:41:41,713
SHARE IN GOVERNANCE REMAINED

1203
00:41:41,713 --> 00:41:43,582
MINOR. THE JONES BILL WOULD

1204
00:41:43,582 --> 00:41:46,018
BECOME LAW ON AUGUST 29, 1916,

1205
00:41:46,018 --> 00:41:49,354
BUT ON THE SAME DAY AS IF THE

1206
00:41:49,354 --> 00:41:52,124
PRE-CONDITION OF STABLE

1207
00:41:52,124 --> 00:41:55,094
GOVERNMENT, NEXT SLIDE, STUDENT

1208
00:41:55,094 --> 00:41:56,728
NURSES AT THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL

1209
00:41:56,728 --> 00:41:58,230
HOSPITAL ORCHESTRATE AD STRIKE

1210
00:41:58,230 --> 00:42:00,065
AT SCALE UNSEEN IN HISTORY OF

1211
00:42:00,065 --> 00:42:02,301
THE PHILIPPINE CIVIL SERVICE.

1212
00:42:02,301 --> 00:42:03,936
THE COINCIDENCE AND QUICK

1213
00:42:03,936 --> 00:42:05,104
ORGANIZATION OF THE STRIKE

1214
00:42:05,104 --> 00:42:06,038
WARRANTS INQUIRY WHETHER

1215
00:42:06,038 --> 00:42:08,807
POLITICAL FORCES WERE INVOLVED.

1216
00:42:08,807 --> 00:42:10,242
NONETHELESS HOWEVER STUDENTS

1217
00:42:10,242 --> 00:42:13,345
WALKING OUT ON THEIR DUTIES

1218
00:42:13,345 --> 00:42:14,446
DEMONSTRATED STAND AGAINST

1219
00:42:14,446 --> 00:42:16,115
HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES.  THEY

1220
00:42:16,115 --> 00:42:19,751
SUBMITTED A PETITION THAT SERVED

1221
00:42:19,751 --> 00:42:21,553
AS UNE OFFICIAL RESIGNATION. THE

1222
00:42:21,553 --> 00:42:24,022
PETITION OBJECTED TO STRICT OR

1223
00:42:24,022 --> 00:42:30,729
RIGID PUNISHMENTS WITH HER BEING

1224
00:42:30,729 --> 00:42:32,631
CASUALTY OF INJUSTICE AND SOUGHT

1225
00:42:32,631 --> 00:42:34,199
TO REFORM THE HOSPITAL

1226
00:42:34,199 --> 00:42:36,535
DISCIPLINARY CULTURE. DISCIPLINE

1227
00:42:36,535 --> 00:42:38,470
BY THE STUDENTS ENTAILED

1228
00:42:38,470 --> 00:42:39,805
PUNISHING OF STUDENT BODIES. 

1229
00:42:39,805 --> 00:42:41,807
STUDENTS PRIMARY GRIEVANCE

1230
00:42:41,807 --> 00:42:43,642
CENTERED AROUND THE ATHLETICS

1231
00:42:43,642 --> 00:42:46,078
COURSE. HOWEVER, THE STUDENT

1232
00:42:46,078 --> 00:42:47,546
BODY WAS IS NOT COMPLETELY

1233
00:42:47,546 --> 00:42:50,215
NULLIFY MISDEMEANOR THE STRIKE

1234
00:42:50,215 --> 00:42:51,450
AS SOME STUDENTS STUDENTS

1235
00:42:51,450 --> 00:42:52,718
CLAIMED THEY WERE COERCED OR

1236
00:42:52,718 --> 00:42:55,554
ALLOWED INFORMED CONSENT. UP TO

1237
00:42:55,554 --> 00:42:58,023
150 STUDENTS ALONGSIDE GRADUATE

1238
00:42:58,023 --> 00:43:00,092
NURSES PARTOOK IN THE STRIKE AND

1239
00:43:00,092 --> 00:43:01,126
DISRUPTED HOSPITAL SERVICES. 

1240
00:43:01,126 --> 00:43:02,594
THE STRIKE LAST TWO GAYS BEFORE

1241
00:43:02,594 --> 00:43:04,363
QUELLED BY POLICE FORCE AND U.S.

1242
00:43:04,363 --> 00:43:08,567
ARMY RESERVES.  STUDENTS WHO

1243
00:43:08,567 --> 00:43:10,669
STRIKED OR REFUSIONED TO RETURN

1244
00:43:10,669 --> 00:43:13,872
TO DUTY WERE BLACKLISTED FROM

1245
00:43:13,872 --> 00:43:15,407
FUTURE EMPLOYMENT IN THE CIVIL

1246
00:43:15,407 --> 00:43:21,780
SERVICE.  FOLLOWING THE STRIKE

1247
00:43:21,780 --> 00:43:23,749
GOVERNOR GENERAL (INDISCERNIBLE)

1248
00:43:23,749 --> 00:43:26,051
APPOINTED THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL

1249
00:43:26,051 --> 00:43:26,885
SERVICE TO LEAD INVESTIGATION OF

1250
00:43:26,885 --> 00:43:27,920
THE HOSPITAL DISCIPLINARY

1251
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:28,854
CULTURE SPANNING THE PAST THREE

1252
00:43:28,854 --> 00:43:31,557
YEARS.  DURING THE INVESTIGATION

1253
00:43:31,557 --> 00:43:33,292
TENSIONS REMAINED HIGH AS

1254
00:43:33,292 --> 00:43:35,194
ATTEMPT WAS MADE ON MUSGROVE'S

1255
00:43:35,194 --> 00:43:37,863
LIFE WHO SURVIVED POISSON. THE

1256
00:43:37,863 --> 00:43:38,797
INVESTIGATION CONCLUDESSED

1257
00:43:38,797 --> 00:43:41,133
NEARLY TWO MONTHS LATER AS HE

1258
00:43:41,133 --> 00:43:42,534
PUBLICLY RELEASED THE REPORT OF

1259
00:43:42,534 --> 00:43:43,902
INVESTIGATION OF THE PHILIPPINE

1260
00:43:43,902 --> 00:43:46,738
GENERAL HOSPITAL ON OCTOBER 21.

1261
00:43:46,738 --> 00:43:49,007
THE REPORT DETERMINED THAT THE

1262
00:43:49,007 --> 00:43:50,008
COURSE WAS NECESSARY IN

1263
00:43:50,008 --> 00:43:50,709
REPLACEMENT OF AMERICAN NURSES

1264
00:43:50,709 --> 00:43:53,045
AS A PREMATURE ACT THAT

1265
00:43:53,045 --> 00:43:54,313
ENDANGERED EFFICIENCY OF THE

1266
00:43:54,313 --> 00:43:55,814
HOSPITAL DUE TO FILIPINO NURSES

1267
00:43:55,814 --> 00:43:57,015
RELATIVE LACK OF PHYSICAL

1268
00:43:57,015 --> 00:43:58,784
ABILITY. IT ALSO DEEMED THE

1269
00:43:58,784 --> 00:44:01,119
PUNISHMENT FOR TARDINESS AND

1270
00:44:01,119 --> 00:44:08,627
ABSENCE AS APPROPRIATE. WHILE

1271
00:44:08,627 --> 00:44:10,095
THE REPORT EXONERATED HOSPITAL

1272
00:44:10,095 --> 00:44:12,264
AUTHORITIES OF ALL WRONG DOING,

1273
00:44:12,264 --> 00:44:13,899
ITS LOGIC MORE IMPORTANTLY

1274
00:44:13,899 --> 00:44:15,067
ILLUSTRATES THE HOSPITAL ABLEIST

1275
00:44:15,067 --> 00:44:16,902
CULTURE.  OVER THE COURSE OF LEE

1276
00:44:16,902 --> 00:44:18,003
YEARS, THE HOSPITAL WITNESSED

1277
00:44:18,003 --> 00:44:19,671
THE DEATH OF FIVE STUDENT AND

1278
00:44:19,671 --> 00:44:21,974
GRADUATE NURSES TWO OF WHOM WERE

1279
00:44:21,974 --> 00:44:24,009
SUICIDES, IN ADDITION IT ALSO

1280
00:44:24,009 --> 00:44:25,043
EXPERIENCED THREE ALLEGED

1281
00:44:25,043 --> 00:44:27,379
SUICIDE ATTEMPTS.  THESE NUMBERS

1282
00:44:27,379 --> 00:44:29,147
PROVE ALARMING CONSIDERING THAT

1283
00:44:29,147 --> 00:44:31,183
THREE YEAR STUDY OF 23 AMERICAN

1284
00:44:31,183 --> 00:44:34,052
TRAINING SCHOOLS IN 1907

1285
00:44:34,052 --> 00:44:35,754
REPORTED THE LARGEST DEATH COUNT

1286
00:44:35,754 --> 00:44:37,990
AMONG THEM WAS TWO. SO WHY WAS

1287
00:44:37,990 --> 00:44:39,124
THE MORTALITY RISK AMONG

1288
00:44:39,124 --> 00:44:41,893
FILIPINO NURSES SO HIGH? THIS

1289
00:44:41,893 --> 00:44:43,228
RISK WAS RELATESSED TO THE

1290
00:44:43,228 --> 00:44:44,930
PRESSURES FACED BY AMERICAN AND

1291
00:44:44,930 --> 00:44:46,265
FILIPINO NURSES ASPIRING TO BE

1292
00:44:46,265 --> 00:44:47,466
THE IDEAL NURSE AND THE CHANGING

1293
00:44:47,466 --> 00:44:50,202
DYNAMICS OF THE HOSPITALS AMIDST

1294
00:44:50,202 --> 00:44:53,105
PHILIPPINIZATION.  FOR EACH CASE

1295
00:44:53,105 --> 00:44:55,274
OF SUICIDE AND I LEDGED ATTEMPT,

1296
00:44:55,274 --> 00:44:58,977
THE -- ALLEGED ATTEMPT THE

1297
00:44:58,977 --> 00:45:01,013
REPORT CONTAINED MENTAL

1298
00:45:01,013 --> 00:45:05,017
INSTABILITY. THIS CONNECTION

1299
00:45:05,017 --> 00:45:08,887
REIMPLYING INFERIORITY OF THE

1300
00:45:08,887 --> 00:45:12,190
FILIPINO RACE. DIVES DEEPER INTO

1301
00:45:12,190 --> 00:45:13,659
POSITION ON IMPLEMENTING THE

1302
00:45:13,659 --> 00:45:15,294
ATHLETICS COURSE AND MORE

1303
00:45:15,294 --> 00:45:17,296
BROADLY OVERALL FITNESS OF THE

1304
00:45:17,296 --> 00:45:19,498
FILIPINO NURSES. HIS RESEARCH

1305
00:45:19,498 --> 00:45:22,868
DETERMINED THAT HYSTERICAL

1306
00:45:22,868 --> 00:45:24,202
CHARACTER AND CHILD LIKE WERE

1307
00:45:24,202 --> 00:45:26,305
AMONG THE FILIPINOS. HE STATED

1308
00:45:26,305 --> 00:45:27,973
ONLY FEW HAD THE FORTITUDE TO

1309
00:45:27,973 --> 00:45:29,975
HANDLE THE STRESS OF WESTERN

1310
00:45:29,975 --> 00:45:32,644
CIVILIZATION WHICH IS WHY THESE

1311
00:45:32,644 --> 00:45:34,846
DISORDERS PREVAILED TRYING TO

1312
00:45:34,846 --> 00:45:36,248
ADOPT MEDICATION AND EFFICIENT

1313
00:45:36,248 --> 00:45:38,517
IS AND UNPREPARED BY BREEDING

1314
00:45:38,517 --> 00:45:39,851
TRAINING OR ENVIRONMENT TO DO

1315
00:45:39,851 --> 00:45:41,520
SO. IT ALSO NORMALIZED

1316
00:45:41,520 --> 00:45:42,654
SELF-DESTRUCTION AS AN ACT

1317
00:45:42,654 --> 00:45:44,423
EXECUTED AMONG PERSONS OF A LOW

1318
00:45:44,423 --> 00:45:47,592
ORDER MENTALITY. HIS RESEARCH

1319
00:45:47,592 --> 00:45:49,494
CONVEYED IN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN

1320
00:45:49,494 --> 00:45:51,330
FILIPINO NURSES LACK OF ABILITY

1321
00:45:51,330 --> 00:45:54,433
AND SELF-HARM WHEREAS ACTS OF

1322
00:45:54,433 --> 00:45:56,501
SELF-HARM DEAFED INEVITABLE. 

1323
00:45:56,501 --> 00:45:57,302
MEDICALIZATION OF FILIPINO

1324
00:45:57,302 --> 00:46:00,272
FITNESS PROVIDED THE EXPLANATION

1325
00:46:00,272 --> 00:46:02,307
FOR IMPOSING CAPABILITY ON THE

1326
00:46:02,307 --> 00:46:02,974
INDIVIDUAL RATHER THAN THE

1327
00:46:02,974 --> 00:46:06,278
HOSPITALS. YET CLOSE ANALYSIS OF

1328
00:46:06,278 --> 00:46:09,047
THE CASES REVEALSES IT WAS A

1329
00:46:09,047 --> 00:46:10,649
ENVIRONMENT THAT SUBSUMED

1330
00:46:10,649 --> 00:46:13,552
(INDISCERNIBLE) AS PATTERN

1331
00:46:13,552 --> 00:46:16,488
EMERGING IN WITNESS ACCOUNTS,

1332
00:46:16,488 --> 00:46:18,090
THEY COLLECTIVELY EXPRESS

1333
00:46:18,090 --> 00:46:20,826
DEPRESSION ANGER STRESS AND FEAR

1334
00:46:20,826 --> 00:46:23,829
OFTEN IN RELATION TO RECEIVING

1335
00:46:23,829 --> 00:46:25,097
AS MONITIONMENTS FROM AMERICAN

1336
00:46:25,097 --> 00:46:25,931
NURSE SUPERVISORS. THIS

1337
00:46:25,931 --> 00:46:26,832
RELATIONSHIP RENDERED THE

1338
00:46:26,832 --> 00:46:29,034
FILIPINO NURSES POWERLESS UNDER

1339
00:46:29,034 --> 00:46:30,369
CHAIN OF COMMANDS. IN TWO OF THE

1340
00:46:30,369 --> 00:46:34,339
ALLEGED ATTEMPTS,

1341
00:46:34,339 --> 00:46:36,575
(INDISCERNIBLE) AND MARIA

1342
00:46:36,575 --> 00:46:37,776
(INDISCERNIBLE) CLAIMED THEIR

1343
00:46:37,776 --> 00:46:40,779
DRUG OVERDOSE WERE NOT SUICIDAL

1344
00:46:40,779 --> 00:46:42,547
BUT EFFORTS TO RELIEVE STRESS. 

1345
00:46:42,547 --> 00:46:44,583
BOTH NURSES LEARN ABOUT THE

1346
00:46:44,583 --> 00:46:46,251
CHOSEN DRUG EFFECTS IN THE

1347
00:46:46,251 --> 00:46:47,652
MEDICAL COURSE AND POTENTIAL

1348
00:46:47,652 --> 00:46:49,755
CONSEQUENCE OF OVERDOSING. THUS

1349
00:46:49,755 --> 00:46:51,123
THEIR WILLINGNESS TO EXPERIMENT

1350
00:46:51,123 --> 00:46:53,358
WITH THE IMPROPER USE OF DRUGS

1351
00:46:53,358 --> 00:46:54,726
DEPICTED AGENCY AND DESPERATION

1352
00:46:54,726 --> 00:46:57,229
IN COPING WITH THE UNCLEAR BAR

1353
00:46:57,229 --> 00:46:58,730
SET BY AMERICAN NURSES.  THESE

1354
00:46:58,730 --> 00:47:01,066
CASES ILLUMINATE PRESSURES OF

1355
00:47:01,066 --> 00:47:02,334
HAVING TO PROVE FITNESS

1356
00:47:02,334 --> 00:47:06,171
REGARDING RACE AND PROFESSIO

1357
00:47:06,171 --> 00:47:09,875
PROFESSIONALISM. FOLLOWING THE

1358
00:47:09,875 --> 00:47:14,279
REPORT RELEASE PUBLIC OUTRAJ

1359
00:47:14,279 --> 00:47:17,015
ERUPTED AND WAS FAN THE PRESS,

1360
00:47:17,015 --> 00:47:18,950
NOT FAR BEHIND WAS RESIGNATION

1361
00:47:18,950 --> 00:47:20,886
OF (INDISCERNIBLE).  THE RECEIVE

1362
00:47:20,886 --> 00:47:22,921
SEQUENCE OF EVANS FROM AUGUST TO

1363
00:47:22,921 --> 00:47:24,790
OCTOBER 1916 EXPEDITESSED

1364
00:47:24,790 --> 00:47:26,458
PHILIPPINIZATION AT THE GENERAL

1365
00:47:26,458 --> 00:47:29,394
HOSPITAL AND LED FILIPINO NURSE

1366
00:47:29,394 --> 00:47:30,395
TO SUCCEEDS IN THE HIGHEST

1367
00:47:30,395 --> 00:47:32,631
NURSING POSITION IN THE ISLANDS 

1368
00:47:32,631 --> 00:47:35,400
ASSUMING THE ROLE WAS

1369
00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:36,835
(INDISCERNIBLE), A GRADUATE OF

1370
00:47:36,835 --> 00:47:38,503
THE TRAINING SCHOOL WHO RECEIVED

1371
00:47:38,503 --> 00:47:39,604
POST GRADUATE TRAINING IN THE

1372
00:47:39,604 --> 00:47:41,139
U.S. AN MENTOR BY

1373
00:47:41,139 --> 00:47:42,507
(INDISCERNIBLE).  THE FOUNDER OF

1374
00:47:42,507 --> 00:47:43,341
THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NURSING

1375
00:47:43,341 --> 00:47:47,446
SERVICE. HER EXPERIENCE ABROAD

1376
00:47:47,446 --> 00:47:48,814
BROUGHT CLOSER TO AMERICAN

1377
00:47:48,814 --> 00:47:50,615
STANDARD OF NURSE AND MADE HER A

1378
00:47:50,615 --> 00:47:53,218
VIABLE CANDIDATE TO LEAD

1379
00:47:53,218 --> 00:47:55,754
FILIPINO NURSING. IN THE WAKE OF

1380
00:47:55,754 --> 00:47:57,422
STRIKE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

1381
00:47:57,422 --> 00:47:58,223
REPORTS CONCEDESSED THE HOSPITAL

1382
00:47:58,223 --> 00:47:59,925
WAS OPERATING ON A MORE

1383
00:47:59,925 --> 00:48:01,059
SATISFACTORY BASIS THAN BEFORE

1384
00:48:01,059 --> 00:48:02,994
AND RUNNING SMOOTHLY AND

1385
00:48:02,994 --> 00:48:04,429
HARMONIOUSLY UNDER THE

1386
00:48:04,429 --> 00:48:09,234
ADMINISTRATION OF FILIPINOS.

1387
00:48:09,234 --> 00:48:13,271
NURSING FORMATIVE YEARS AND AND

1388
00:48:13,271 --> 00:48:14,039
INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN

1389
00:48:14,039 --> 00:48:15,907
PHILIPPINES CENTERED AROUND THE

1390
00:48:15,907 --> 00:48:18,109
HOSPITAL, COLONIAL AUTHORITIES

1391
00:48:18,109 --> 00:48:19,144
SUBVERTED FILIPINO ATTITUDES TO

1392
00:48:19,144 --> 00:48:21,346
PICK UP THE PROFESSION AS SIGN

1393
00:48:21,346 --> 00:48:24,015
OF PROGRESS MADE POSSIBLE ONLY

1394
00:48:24,015 --> 00:48:26,651
UNDER AMERICAN INGENUITY, THIS

1395
00:48:26,651 --> 00:48:27,486
LINEARITITIVE OF PROGRESS IS

1396
00:48:27,486 --> 00:48:29,921
PERFORATED BY EXAMINING THE

1397
00:48:29,921 --> 00:48:30,956
EXPERIENCES OF FILIPINO NURSES

1398
00:48:30,956 --> 00:48:32,624
THAT DEMONSTRATESSED THE

1399
00:48:32,624 --> 00:48:33,992
FLUIDITY OF ABILITY AND

1400
00:48:33,992 --> 00:48:35,894
DISABILITIES. THE ABLEIST

1401
00:48:35,894 --> 00:48:38,396
CHARACTER OF IDEAL NURSE

1402
00:48:38,396 --> 00:48:39,731
IMPOSSIBLE SET IMPOSSIBLE

1403
00:48:39,731 --> 00:48:42,334
STANDARDS AND INSTILLED IDENTITY

1404
00:48:42,334 --> 00:48:44,703
AMONG AMERICANS AN LATINOS.

1405
00:48:44,703 --> 00:48:46,905
SOCIETIES ONLY GREW AMONG

1406
00:48:46,905 --> 00:48:48,039
HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES AS FILIPINO

1407
00:48:48,039 --> 00:48:49,674
CONTINUED TO DEMONSTRATE A

1408
00:48:49,674 --> 00:48:52,210
PROWESS IN NURSING.  THESE

1409
00:48:52,210 --> 00:48:54,412
FEELINGS ESPOUSED THE HOSPITAL

1410
00:48:54,412 --> 00:48:55,747
TO IMPLEMENT DISABLING

1411
00:48:55,747 --> 00:48:56,982
DISCOURSES OF EFFICIENCY

1412
00:48:56,982 --> 00:48:58,884
UNDERMINING FILIPINO FITNESS TO

1413
00:48:58,884 --> 00:49:00,118
MAINTAIN STATUS QUO OF COLONIAL

1414
00:49:00,118 --> 00:49:02,187
AND NURSING HIERARCHIES. 

1415
00:49:02,187 --> 00:49:03,588
STUDENT NURSES PENT UP

1416
00:49:03,588 --> 00:49:05,524
FRUSTRATIONS WITH THE HOSPITAL

1417
00:49:05,524 --> 00:49:06,758
DISCIPLINARY CULTURE LED TO

1418
00:49:06,758 --> 00:49:08,860
(INDISCERNIBLE) STRIKE AT THE

1419
00:49:08,860 --> 00:49:10,061
HOSPITAL. THIS STRIKE CHALLENGED

1420
00:49:10,061 --> 00:49:11,363
THE CLAIMS OF COLONIAL

1421
00:49:11,363 --> 00:49:12,964
BENEVOLENCE IN BEING LED BY

1422
00:49:12,964 --> 00:49:14,533
THOSE WHO BORE DUTY OF CARE. IT

1423
00:49:14,533 --> 00:49:16,201
WAS A COLLECTIVE DEMANDS BY

1424
00:49:16,201 --> 00:49:17,536
FILIPINO NURSES TO BE TREATS AS

1425
00:49:17,536 --> 00:49:18,403
SUBJECTS RATHER THAN OBJECTS OF

1426
00:49:18,403 --> 00:49:21,273
CARE.  THE COLONIAL NARRATIVE

1427
00:49:21,273 --> 00:49:23,742
DEPICT IT IS STRIKE AS BLOW TO

1428
00:49:23,742 --> 00:49:25,210
MODERN PROGRESS AND EVENT

1429
00:49:25,210 --> 00:49:26,945
UNWORTHY OF MEMORY BUT

1430
00:49:26,945 --> 00:49:28,647
ALTERNATIVE BREEDING LIKE THIS

1431
00:49:28,647 --> 00:49:30,515
SIGNAL IT IS STRIKE AS A WATER

1432
00:49:30,515 --> 00:49:33,585
SHED MOMENT FOR FILIPINO

1433
00:49:33,585 --> 00:49:35,453
NURSING. FILIPINO NURSING GAINED

1434
00:49:35,453 --> 00:49:37,055
AUTONOMY TO BETTER TAYLOR CARE

1435
00:49:37,055 --> 00:49:38,323
TO LEAD THE FILIPINO PEOPLE AND

1436
00:49:38,323 --> 00:49:40,458
MOST IMPORTANTLY, ASIDE FOR

1437
00:49:40,458 --> 00:49:41,259
THEMSELVES WHO WAS FIT TO BE A

1438
00:49:41,259 --> 00:49:46,598
NURSE.  AND NEXT SLIDE.  AND

1439
00:49:46,598 --> 00:49:49,134
THAT'S THE ENDS OF MY

1440
00:49:49,134 --> 00:49:49,801
PRESENTATION. THANK YOU,

1441
00:49:49,801 --> 00:49:54,573
EVERYONE FOR LISTENING IN.

1442
00:49:54,573 --> 00:49:55,907
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
GREAT

1443
00:49:55,907 --> 00:49:56,942
PRESENTATION. THANK YOU AGAIN

1444
00:49:56,942 --> 00:50:01,880
FOR YOUR PATIENCE AS WE

1445
00:50:01,880 --> 00:50:03,381
TROUBLESHOOTING THE SOUND WHICH

1446
00:50:03,381 --> 00:50:04,449
DID CORRECT ITSELF TO SOME

1447
00:50:04,449 --> 00:50:05,684
DEGREE. THANK YOU.

1448
00:50:05,684 --> 00:50:06,384
>> GLAD.

1449
00:50:06,384 --> 00:50:10,789
>> SO WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO
DO IS

1450
00:50:10,789 --> 00:50:15,594
REMIND OUR VIEWERS YOU CAN

1451
00:50:15,594 --> 00:50:16,294
SUBMIT QUESTIONS THROUGH THE

1452
00:50:16,294 --> 00:50:17,762
LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON UNDERNEATH

1453
00:50:17,762 --> 00:50:19,998
THE VIDEO STREAM. SO DO SEND

1454
00:50:19,998 --> 00:50:21,566
YOUR QUESTIONS THERE. THEY WILL

1455
00:50:21,566 --> 00:50:22,734
COME TO ME AND I WILL SEE THEM

1456
00:50:22,734 --> 00:50:33,345
ON THE SCREEN OVER HERE. AND BRH

1457
00:50:46,324 --> 00:50:47,859
-- THANK YOU FOR THIS

1458
00:50:47,859 --> 00:50:51,529
FASCINATING TALK. THE IDEA OF A

1459
00:50:51,529 --> 00:50:53,632
CO-EDUCATIONAL NURSING PROGRAM

1460
00:50:53,632 --> 00:50:56,434
IN THE EARLY 1900s IS

1461
00:50:56,434 --> 00:50:58,336
INTRIGUING. YOU MENTION THAT THE

1462
00:50:58,336 --> 00:51:01,139
IDEA OF FEMALE NURSES PROVIDING

1463
00:51:01,139 --> 00:51:02,707
CARE FOR MALE PATIENTS WAS

1464
00:51:02,707 --> 00:51:05,243
INITIALLY MET WITH SHAME. WAS

1465
00:51:05,243 --> 00:51:08,213
THERE A CORRESPONDING SOCIETAL

1466
00:51:08,213 --> 00:51:09,848
CHALLENGE TO MALE NURSES

1467
00:51:09,848 --> 00:51:11,316
TREATING FEMALE PATIENTS OR DID

1468
00:51:11,316 --> 00:51:13,084
THEY SIMPLY AVOID HAVING THAT

1469
00:51:13,084 --> 00:51:16,121
SITUATION OCCUR?

1470
00:51:16,121 --> 00:51:21,893
>> FROM MY UNDERSTANDING,
OF

1471
00:51:21,893 --> 00:51:22,827
EXAMINING MALE NURSE STUDENTS

1472
00:51:22,827 --> 00:51:23,662
THE REASON THEY WERE

1473
00:51:23,662 --> 00:51:27,399
INCORPORATED IS MORE SO TO

1474
00:51:27,399 --> 00:51:29,868
MAINTAIN THAT GENDER DIVISION OF

1475
00:51:29,868 --> 00:51:33,972
CARE. FOR MEN NURSES, THEY WERE

1476
00:51:33,972 --> 00:51:37,742
THERE TO STILL CARE MOSTLY MALE

1477
00:51:37,742 --> 00:51:38,743
PATIENTS AND ALSO ESSENTIAL TO

1478
00:51:38,743 --> 00:51:40,979
THE COLONIAL PROJECT MANY TERMS

1479
00:51:40,979 --> 00:51:42,113
OF KEEPING THE INFRASTRUCTURE

1480
00:51:42,113 --> 00:51:46,918
FOR NURSING WITH WHERE TRYING TO

1481
00:51:46,918 --> 00:51:49,654
BRING -- TRYING TO ASSENT MEN

1482
00:51:49,654 --> 00:51:51,222
NURSES OUTWARDS BY BEYOND

1483
00:51:51,222 --> 00:51:52,891
HOSPITAL AS WELL, ACT KIND OF AS

1484
00:51:52,891 --> 00:51:54,592
A TRAINED STANDARD CARE TO

1485
00:51:54,592 --> 00:51:57,462
REPLACE MILITARY OFFICERS AS

1486
00:51:57,462 --> 00:51:59,097
SANITARIANS TO DO WORK OF PUBLIC

1487
00:51:59,097 --> 00:52:00,632
HEALTH IN THE REMOTE VILLAGES

1488
00:52:00,632 --> 00:52:05,704
AND AREAS. SO THEY DEEMED THIS

1489
00:52:05,704 --> 00:52:07,572
WAS INAPPROPRIATE OR IMPROPER

1490
00:52:07,572 --> 00:52:11,009
FOR WOMEN TO DO. THAT'S THE MAIN

1491
00:52:11,009 --> 00:52:13,611
NEED TORR THESE MALE STUDENTS

1492
00:52:13,611 --> 00:52:15,380
AND SEE THE STUDENT WE WONNER

1493
00:52:15,380 --> 00:52:17,382
WHERE THEY WENT BECAUSE THEY

1494
00:52:17,382 --> 00:52:18,483
WERE PROMINENT, THE EARLY

1495
00:52:18,483 --> 00:52:21,219
CLASSES WAS PRETTY MUCH 50, 50

1496
00:52:21,219 --> 00:52:23,021
BETWEEN THE GENDER RATIO BUT WE

1497
00:52:23,021 --> 00:52:24,956
SEE THE MALE NURSES TRAIL OFF BY

1498
00:52:24,956 --> 00:52:26,958
19 TOs BECAUSE I GUESS THEIR

1499
00:52:26,958 --> 00:52:28,993
PURPOSE WAS NO LONGER VALUED. 

1500
00:52:28,993 --> 00:52:33,198
BUT MOST PART, IT MALE NURSES

1501
00:52:33,198 --> 00:52:36,534
CONTINUED TO WORK WITHIN THE

1502
00:52:36,534 --> 00:52:40,171
GENDER NURSING. IF U WHERE LOOK

1503
00:52:40,171 --> 00:52:43,174
AT THE BROADER COLONIAL PROJECT,

1504
00:52:43,174 --> 00:52:46,077
THAT IS MEN IN NURSES IF YOU

1505
00:52:46,077 --> 00:52:47,445
LOOK AT CULTURE OF NURSING IN

1506
00:52:47,445 --> 00:52:49,881
U.S., MEN IN NURSING WAS NOT A

1507
00:52:49,881 --> 00:52:52,317
HIGH STATUS, THEY WERE BELOW

1508
00:52:52,317 --> 00:52:54,886
FEMALE NURSES SO FOR THESE MALE

1509
00:52:54,886 --> 00:52:57,055
NURSES TO BE LAUD AND TOUTED AS

1510
00:52:57,055 --> 00:52:58,723
GREAT IN THE PHILIPPINES

1511
00:52:58,723 --> 00:53:00,759
INTERESTING TO SEE WHAT IT IS

1512
00:53:00,759 --> 00:53:03,728
DOING TO REAFIE THE CULTURAL

1513
00:53:03,728 --> 00:53:05,730
BACKWARDNESS IN COUNTRIES BY

1514
00:53:05,730 --> 00:53:09,868
ALLOWING MAINTAINING TO PURSUE

1515
00:53:09,868 --> 00:53:12,203
NURSING.

1516
00:53:12,203 --> 00:53:18,009
>> THANK YOU. SO ON THE
HEALS OF

1517
00:53:18,009 --> 00:53:20,779
THAT ANSWER, THERE IS A QUESTION

1518
00:53:20,779 --> 00:53:21,913
THAT I WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU

1519
00:53:21,913 --> 00:53:25,350
THAT CAME IN THROUGH THE LIVE

1520
00:53:25,350 --> 00:53:35,627
FEEDBACK O WHICH

1521
00:53:42,167 --> 00:53:44,969
YOU DREW ON PUBLISHED MEMOIRS OF

1522
00:53:44,969 --> 00:53:46,337
A -- WRITTEN DECADES LATERMENT

1523
00:53:46,337 --> 00:53:48,973
DID YOU FIND ANY SOURCES OR

1524
00:53:48,973 --> 00:53:50,341
PERHAPS NO? AND RELATED

1525
00:53:50,341 --> 00:53:52,777
QUESTION, TO WHAT EXTENT WERE

1526
00:53:52,777 --> 00:53:54,779
THERE ORAL HISTORIES THAT YOU

1527
00:53:54,779 --> 00:53:56,915
DREW ON TO CONSTRUCT YOUR

1528
00:53:56,915 --> 00:53:58,950
NARRATIVE, UNDERSTANDING THIS

1529
00:53:58,950 --> 00:54:00,852
WAS IN THE 19 TEENS AN EARLY

1530
00:54:00,852 --> 00:54:02,821
20s.  IF YOU CAN SPEAK TO

1531
00:54:02,821 --> 00:54:03,988
SOURCE MATERIAL WE RECEIVED

1532
00:54:03,988 --> 00:54:04,522
SEVERAL QUESTIONS IN THIS

1533
00:54:04,522 --> 00:54:06,991
REGARD. 

1534
00:54:06,991 --> 00:54:10,028
>> FOR IN THIS CASE I
MANAGED TO

1535
00:54:10,028 --> 00:54:12,463
DIG DEEPER INTO THE SUBJECTIVITY

1536
00:54:12,463 --> 00:54:14,165
OF FILIPINO NURSES DURING THIS

1537
00:54:14,165 --> 00:54:17,135
PERIOD.  THERE ARE SOME -- A FEW

1538
00:54:17,135 --> 00:54:18,536
NURSES LIKE BUT THESE ARE -- IT

1539
00:54:18,536 --> 00:54:19,871
IS DIFFERENT FROM THESE NURSES I

1540
00:54:19,871 --> 00:54:21,072
WOULD SAY SAY, THEY ARE FROM

1541
00:54:21,072 --> 00:54:24,943
THIS PERIOD BUT THEY ALL LOOK

1542
00:54:24,943 --> 00:54:26,744
ANOTHER PART OF MY PROJECT, I

1543
00:54:26,744 --> 00:54:28,313
HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO TALK ABOUT.

1544
00:54:28,313 --> 00:54:31,182
BUT THESE NURSES ARE -- EARLY

1545
00:54:31,182 --> 00:54:31,916
MIGRANTS WHO WENT TO (INAUDIBLE)

1546
00:54:31,916 --> 00:54:35,453
TO THE U.S. IN EARLY 1920s BUT

1547
00:54:35,453 --> 00:54:36,788
THERE ARE ORAL HISTORIES OF

1548
00:54:36,788 --> 00:54:40,191
THESE NURSES WHO ARE -- WHO

1549
00:54:40,191 --> 00:54:43,628
EXPERIENCE IN NURSING

1550
00:54:43,628 --> 00:54:45,430
(INDISCERNIBLE) IN THE US.  BUT

1551
00:54:45,430 --> 00:54:47,365
THEY TALK ABOUT THEIR TRAINING

1552
00:54:47,365 --> 00:54:49,167
IN THE PHILIPPINES AS WELL SO

1553
00:54:49,167 --> 00:54:50,835
I'M DRAWING ON THOSE.  I'M

1554
00:54:50,835 --> 00:54:53,037
DRAWING ON SO MANY DIFFERENT

1555
00:54:53,037 --> 00:54:55,974
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, LOCAL

1556
00:54:55,974 --> 00:54:56,975
NEWSPAPERS IN THE TIME PERIOD. 

1557
00:54:56,975 --> 00:54:59,277
THERE WAS EVEN LIKE A LOT OF

1558
00:54:59,277 --> 00:55:01,379
MATERIAL I WAS ABLE TO GRAB WAS

1559
00:55:01,379 --> 00:55:04,382
PUBLISH AD YEARBOOK, IN 1915,

1560
00:55:04,382 --> 00:55:05,717
FROM THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL

1561
00:55:05,717 --> 00:55:06,851
HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING THAT

1562
00:55:06,851 --> 00:55:11,289
IS -- WAS PUBLISHED, LIKE

1563
00:55:11,289 --> 00:55:12,724
EDITORS WHERE STUDENTS -- WERE

1564
00:55:12,724 --> 00:55:13,758
STUDENTS THEMSELVES SO YOU SEE A

1565
00:55:13,758 --> 00:55:15,593
LOT WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT NURSE,

1566
00:55:15,593 --> 00:55:18,897
HOW THEY FEEL. SO IT IS REALLY

1567
00:55:18,897 --> 00:55:22,867
HARD TO PIECE ALL THIS TOGETHER 

1568
00:55:22,867 --> 00:55:24,302
BUT THAT IS WHAT I HAVE HAD TO

1569
00:55:24,302 --> 00:55:25,870
DO IS DIG THROUGH DIFFERENT

1570
00:55:25,870 --> 00:55:26,905
SOURCE MATERIAL TO BE ABLE TO

1571
00:55:26,905 --> 00:55:30,208
PIECE ITING TO AND MAKE SENSE

1572
00:55:30,208 --> 00:55:32,143
BECAUSE ALTERNATIVE READING OF

1573
00:55:32,143 --> 00:55:36,447
LOOKING DEEPER INTO BEYOND THE

1574
00:55:36,447 --> 00:55:38,583
STRIKE ITSELF, IT IS KIND OF A

1575
00:55:38,583 --> 00:55:40,652
ERASED FROM HISTORY AND NOT

1576
00:55:40,652 --> 00:55:42,787
VIEWED AS IMPORTANT BUT BY

1577
00:55:42,787 --> 00:55:44,989
LOOKING AT IT FROM THE STUDENT,S

1578
00:55:44,989 --> 00:55:46,858
FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE

1579
00:55:46,858 --> 00:55:48,760
FILIPINO STUDENTS AND NURSES

1580
00:55:48,760 --> 00:55:52,897
THEMSELVES YOU SEE THIS

1581
00:55:52,897 --> 00:55:53,831
UNATTAINABLE STANDARD BEING

1582
00:55:53,831 --> 00:55:56,401
PUSHED UP AGAINST AND YOU SEE

1583
00:55:56,401 --> 00:55:57,802
WHERE THE STRIKE COMES. WHETHER

1584
00:55:57,802 --> 00:56:00,571
IT WAS POLITICALLY MOTIVATED,

1585
00:56:00,571 --> 00:56:01,739
THERE'S STILL IMPORTANCE IN WHAT

1586
00:56:01,739 --> 00:56:03,308
THEY DID. 

1587
00:56:03,308 --> 00:56:06,844
>> OF COURSE.  MY GUESS IS
SOME

1588
00:56:06,844 --> 00:56:10,281
OF THE CONTOURS OF WHAT YOU ARE

1589
00:56:10,281 --> 00:56:12,283
SHARING I'M PROMPTED TO ASK WHEN

1590
00:56:12,283 --> 00:56:15,286
YOU FIND A PARTICULAR SOURCE AND

1591
00:56:15,286 --> 00:56:17,322
YOU ARE LOOKING FOR THOSE PIECES

1592
00:56:17,322 --> 00:56:18,289
TO HELP CONSTRUCT YOUR

1593
00:56:18,289 --> 00:56:19,991
NARRATIVE, WHEN YOU DO FIND ONE,

1594
00:56:19,991 --> 00:56:22,560
WHATEVER IT IS, YOU PROBABLY

1595
00:56:22,560 --> 00:56:23,795
METAPHORICALLY JUMPING UP AND

1596
00:56:23,795 --> 00:56:26,130
DOWN BECAUSE IT DOES HELP YOU

1597
00:56:26,130 --> 00:56:27,465
PIECE TOGETHER THE NARRATIVE YOU

1598
00:56:27,465 --> 00:56:30,601
ARE CONSTRUCTING SO YOU DO HAVE

1599
00:56:30,601 --> 00:56:31,903
TO LOOK VERY -- AND WHEN YOU

1600
00:56:31,903 --> 00:56:36,975
FIND THOSE PIECES, THEY COME

1601
00:56:36,975 --> 00:56:37,976
TOGETHER VERY NICELY SO I HAVE

1602
00:56:37,976 --> 00:56:39,310
GOTTEN THE SENSE FROM THE SHAPE

1603
00:56:39,310 --> 00:56:43,514
OF YOUR NARRATIVE, YOU DID

1604
00:56:43,514 --> 00:56:45,416
EXCELLENT JOB DRAWING ON THOSE

1605
00:56:45,416 --> 00:56:47,018
SOURCES VISUAL AND TEXTURAL.

1606
00:56:47,018 --> 00:56:48,519
REALLY WELL DONE. IN FACT

1607
00:56:48,519 --> 00:56:50,888
ANOTHER QUESTION THAT'S COME IN,

1608
00:56:50,888 --> 00:56:52,457
THE HOSPITAL PRODUCTION YOU

1609
00:56:52,457 --> 00:56:53,691
MENTIONED SOUNDED FASCINATING.

1610
00:56:53,691 --> 00:56:54,926
IN LEARNING ABOUT THIS DID YOU

1611
00:56:54,926 --> 00:56:57,795
FIND ANY SOURCES BEYOND WHAT

1612
00:56:57,795 --> 00:56:59,063
THIS PERSON UNDERSTOOD TO BE THE

1613
00:56:59,063 --> 00:57:01,599
NEWSPAPER ACCOUNT OF IT? DID YOU

1614
00:57:01,599 --> 00:57:03,167
FIND ANY PRODUCTION OF SCRIPT OR

1615
00:57:03,167 --> 00:57:04,936
ANY OTHER CONTEMPORARY

1616
00:57:04,936 --> 00:57:06,637
REFLECTIONS ON THAT PRODUCTION? 

1617
00:57:06,637 --> 00:57:09,841
>> PRODUCTION AS IN THE
AMOUNT

1618
00:57:09,841 --> 00:57:12,010
STUDENTS I GUESS NUMBER OF

1619
00:57:12,010 --> 00:57:13,845
GRADUATES WERE PRODUCED OR --

1620
00:57:13,845 --> 00:57:16,114
>> WELL, THIS PERSON'S I
THINK

1621
00:57:16,114 --> 00:57:18,583
THIS PERSON'S REFERRING TO IN

1622
00:57:18,583 --> 00:57:20,284
THE FIRST THIRD OF YOUR

1623
00:57:20,284 --> 00:57:22,387
PRESENTATION, YOU TALKED ABOUT A

1624
00:57:22,387 --> 00:57:23,621
PLAY THAT WAS PRODUCED.

1625
00:57:23,621 --> 00:57:25,323
>> OH, YES.

1626
00:57:25,323 --> 00:57:26,924
>> NOT PRODUCTION OF
STUDENTS

1627
00:57:26,924 --> 00:57:27,325
BUT PRODUCTION --

1628
00:57:27,325 --> 00:57:28,259
>> SORRY.

1629
00:57:28,259 --> 00:57:30,528
>> I THINK BY PRODUCTION
THEY

1630
00:57:30,528 --> 00:57:32,196
ARE SUGGESTING THEATRICAL

1631
00:57:32,196 --> 00:57:33,364
PRODUCTION YOU ALLUDED TO.

1632
00:57:33,364 --> 00:57:37,035
>> YES. CAN YOU REPEAT THE

1633
00:57:37,035 --> 00:57:37,301
QUESTION?

1634
00:57:37,301 --> 00:57:39,337
>> THE HOSPITAL PRODUCTION

1635
00:57:39,337 --> 00:57:40,438
THEATRICAL PRODUCTION YOU

1636
00:57:40,438 --> 00:57:41,773
MENTIONED SOUNDED FASCINATING.

1637
00:57:41,773 --> 00:57:43,441
IN LEARNING ABOUT THIS, DID YOU

1638
00:57:43,441 --> 00:57:46,411
FIND ANY SOURCES BEYOND WHAT

1639
00:57:46,411 --> 00:57:47,345
SEEMS TO BE THE NEWSPAPER

1640
00:57:47,345 --> 00:57:49,714
ACCOUNT OF IT? AND ANY

1641
00:57:49,714 --> 00:57:50,815
PRODUCTION QUOTE SCRIPT OR ANY

1642
00:57:50,815 --> 00:57:51,983
OTHER CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS

1643
00:57:51,983 --> 00:57:52,984
ON IT?

1644
00:57:52,984 --> 00:57:57,622
>> FOR SURE. I WASN'T --
SO FOR

1645
00:57:57,622 --> 00:57:59,524
THE ACTUAL PLAY, FROM THE

1646
00:57:59,524 --> 00:58:00,925
ORIGINAL PLAY ITSELF WAS WRITTEN

1647
00:58:00,925 --> 00:58:06,097
IN THE MEMOIR OF VICTORRIZEER.

1648
00:58:06,097 --> 00:58:07,131
AN AMERICAN ODYSSEY SO YOU CAN

1649
00:58:07,131 --> 00:58:09,267
READ IT IN THERE. BUT FOR THE

1650
00:58:09,267 --> 00:58:11,035
PICTURE I SHOWED, I NEEDED A

1651
00:58:11,035 --> 00:58:15,940
PICTURE BUT FOR THE -- THAT WAS

1652
00:58:15,940 --> 00:58:19,210
IN THE YEARBOOK OF THE

1653
00:58:19,210 --> 00:58:20,678
PHILIPPINE NORMAL SCHOOL. WE ARE

1654
00:58:20,678 --> 00:58:21,813
SEEING DIFFERENT CASES WHERE

1655
00:58:21,813 --> 00:58:24,649
THIS PLAY, IT IS CONTINUING ON

1656
00:58:24,649 --> 00:58:28,386
WHERE THE NURSE KEEPS BEING

1657
00:58:28,386 --> 00:58:31,089
EMBODIED AS THE MODERN WOMAN AND

1658
00:58:31,089 --> 00:58:34,425
HOW IT BECOMES SO INGRAINED TO

1659
00:58:34,425 --> 00:58:36,227
HOW IT IS PART OF HOW IT COMES

1660
00:58:36,227 --> 00:58:38,563
INGRAINED TO THE CULTURE OF

1661
00:58:38,563 --> 00:58:43,734
PHILIPPINES ITSELF. 

1662
00:58:43,734 --> 00:58:45,036
>> UNDERSTOOD. THANK YOU.
WE

1663
00:58:45,036 --> 00:58:46,003
HAVE TIME FOR TWO MORE

1664
00:58:46,003 --> 00:58:48,005
QUESTIONS.  ARE THERE SPECIFIC

1665
00:58:48,005 --> 00:58:49,140
ASPECTS OF YOUR WORK WHICH YOU

1666
00:58:49,140 --> 00:58:51,843
WOULD LIKE TO EXPAND? AND FOR

1667
00:58:51,843 --> 00:58:53,678
ANY PARTICULAR REASONS?

1668
00:58:53,678 --> 00:58:57,748
>> MOST DEFINITELY. SO FOR
THE

1669
00:58:57,748 --> 00:59:00,318
SLIDE I SHOWED PHOTOGRAPHS OF

1670
00:59:00,318 --> 00:59:02,653
THE MALE STUDENTS, THIS IS --

1671
00:59:02,653 --> 00:59:04,322
THE FIRST I SHOWED IS LIKE THE

1672
00:59:04,322 --> 00:59:05,556
FIRST CHAPTER OF MY

1673
00:59:05,556 --> 00:59:06,924
DISSERTATION. SO THE SECOND

1674
00:59:06,924 --> 00:59:08,726
CHAPTER ACTUALLY DELVES DEEPER

1675
00:59:08,726 --> 00:59:10,595
INTO WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE

1676
00:59:10,595 --> 00:59:15,700
STRIKE.MENT SO AMIDST THE

1677
00:59:15,700 --> 00:59:17,201
STRIKE, IMMEDIATELY AS STUDENTS

1678
00:59:17,201 --> 00:59:20,238
WALKED OUT THE HOSPITAL SENT OUT

1679
00:59:20,238 --> 00:59:22,773
LETTERS ACROSS THE PHILIPPINES,

1680
00:59:22,773 --> 00:59:24,408
WHOEVER ON THE WAITEST LIST

1681
00:59:24,408 --> 00:59:26,110
BECAUSE HUGE WAITING LIST FOR

1682
00:59:26,110 --> 00:59:27,345
THE SCHOOL. HOSPITAL NEEDS YOU

1683
00:59:27,345 --> 00:59:29,480
NOW AND THEY WOULD BE ADMITTED.

1684
00:59:29,480 --> 00:59:31,682
SO ONE OF THE STUDENTS OR ONE OF

1685
00:59:31,682 --> 00:59:33,251
THE STUDENTS I SHOWED IN THAT

1686
00:59:33,251 --> 00:59:34,952
SLIDE ON THE RIGHT SIDE THE MALE

1687
00:59:34,952 --> 00:59:35,987
STUDENT IS ONE OF THE STUDENTS

1688
00:59:35,987 --> 00:59:37,788
THAT WAS BROUGHT TO THE

1689
00:59:37,788 --> 00:59:38,856
HOSPITAL, HE GOT A LETTER RIGHT

1690
00:59:38,856 --> 00:59:43,161
AWAY TO GO TO A HOSPITAL AND IT

1691
00:59:43,161 --> 00:59:46,164
EXPLORES HIS JOURNEY, HIS

1692
00:59:46,164 --> 00:59:49,033
JOURNEY WAS TO BECOME A

1693
00:59:49,033 --> 00:59:50,801
PHYSICIAN THROUGH NURSING. 

1694
00:59:50,801 --> 00:59:53,004
INTERESTING BECAUSE IN THE

1695
00:59:53,004 --> 00:59:55,573
ORIGINAL CATALOG OF THE

1696
00:59:55,573 --> 00:59:56,674
PHILIPPINE SCHOOL FOR NURSES IT

1697
00:59:56,674 --> 00:59:58,042
SAYS NURSING IS A GOOD

1698
00:59:58,042 --> 00:59:59,110
STEPPINGSTONE FOR THOSE WHO WANT

1699
00:59:59,110 --> 01:00:01,913
TO PURSUE MEDICINE. SO THIS

1700
01:00:01,913 --> 01:00:04,081
SPECIFICALLY SPEAKS TO MEN WHO

1701
01:00:04,081 --> 01:00:07,051
WEAR OBVIOUSLY NURSING IS NOT

1702
01:00:07,051 --> 01:00:09,820
THE GENDER -- LIKE IT IS NOT THE

1703
01:00:09,820 --> 01:00:10,888
PATERNAL ROLE THEY ARE SUPPOSED

1704
01:00:10,888 --> 01:00:14,325
TO I ASSUME. SO A LOT OF THEM

1705
01:00:14,325 --> 01:00:15,860
PURSUE THIS ROUTE IN NURSING TO

1706
01:00:15,860 --> 01:00:18,629
GO TO MEDICINE. SO SINCE THERE'S

1707
01:00:18,629 --> 01:00:20,498
LIMITED MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN THE

1708
01:00:20,498 --> 01:00:21,766
PHILIPPINES THEY HAVE ACCESS TO

1709
01:00:21,766 --> 01:00:23,834
GO TO THE U.S. SINCE THEY ARE

1710
01:00:23,834 --> 01:00:26,237
CONSIDERED U.S. NATIONALS. I

1711
01:00:26,237 --> 01:00:27,805
FOLLOWED HIS STORY O THE U.S.

1712
01:00:27,805 --> 01:00:31,642
WHERE HE TRIES TO -- HE IS IS ON

1713
01:00:31,642 --> 01:00:33,177
HIS WAY TO BECOME A PHYSICIAN

1714
01:00:33,177 --> 01:00:35,580
BUT THEN YOU SEE ALL THESE

1715
01:00:35,580 --> 01:00:37,148
BARRIERS THAT KEEP POPPING UP

1716
01:00:37,148 --> 01:00:40,751
FROM MEDICAL LICENSURE,

1717
01:00:40,751 --> 01:00:42,420
PREVENTING ALIENS OR PEOPLE WHO

1718
01:00:42,420 --> 01:00:46,190
ARE UNABLE TO BECOME CITIZENS TO

1719
01:00:46,190 --> 01:00:48,192
BECOME LICENSED AS PHYSICIANS.

1720
01:00:48,192 --> 01:00:50,461
OF COURSE DURING THAT PERIOD OF

1721
01:00:50,461 --> 01:00:51,729
EARLY 20TH CENTURY THE ONLY

1722
01:00:51,729 --> 01:00:53,831
PEOPLE WHO ARE REALLY BARRED

1723
01:00:53,831 --> 01:00:56,167
FROM GAINING CITIZENSHIP ARE

1724
01:00:56,167 --> 01:01:00,137
ASIANS. SO WE ARE SEEING BY THE

1725
01:01:00,137 --> 01:01:02,106
TIME THE PHILIPPINES BY 1934

1726
01:01:02,106 --> 01:01:04,875
WHEN IT LOSES NATIONAL STATUS,

1727
01:01:04,875 --> 01:01:07,044
OR LOSINGS THE NATIONAL STATUS

1728
01:01:07,044 --> 01:01:09,280
CITIZENSHIP IT BECOMES A PROBLEM

1729
01:01:09,280 --> 01:01:12,617
FOR FILIPINOS.  BUT IN THAT WAY

1730
01:01:12,617 --> 01:01:14,552
I GUESS I'M EXAMINING LIKE THE

1731
01:01:14,552 --> 01:01:17,321
WEATHERING PROCESS OF THE

1732
01:01:17,321 --> 01:01:19,757
WEARING DOWN UPON THE HEALTH OF

1733
01:01:19,757 --> 01:01:21,659
THESE CHARACTERS, WE SEE IN THIS

1734
01:01:21,659 --> 01:01:22,994
JOURNEY BY THE TIME HE DOES GET

1735
01:01:22,994 --> 01:01:25,663
INTO MEDICAL SCHOOL HE IS

1736
01:01:25,663 --> 01:01:27,798
APPLYING FOR AS A 50-YEAR-OLD

1737
01:01:27,798 --> 01:01:31,235
MAN, HE GETS IN AN FUNNY HIS

1738
01:01:31,235 --> 01:01:32,436
RECOMMENDATION LETTER BASICALLY

1739
01:01:32,436 --> 01:01:34,672
STILL BY WHITE PHYSICIANS THEY

1740
01:01:34,672 --> 01:01:36,374
THEY DESCRIBE HIM AS A BOY

1741
01:01:36,374 --> 01:01:39,210
STILL. A GOOD FILIPINO BOY. HE

1742
01:01:39,210 --> 01:01:41,178
GETS IN BUT WITHIN THE FIRST

1743
01:01:41,178 --> 01:01:42,546
COUPLE OF WEEKS HE DIES OF HEART

1744
01:01:42,546 --> 01:01:43,648
CONDITIONS SO WE ARE SEEING THE

1745
01:01:43,648 --> 01:01:45,216
LONG PROCESS OF WEATHERING

1746
01:01:45,216 --> 01:01:51,222
THAT'S HAPPENING UPON, THERE'S

1747
01:01:51,222 --> 01:01:52,890
ABLEIST STRUCTURES PREVENTING

1748
01:01:52,890 --> 01:01:55,326
THEM FROM SUCCEEDING. THAT IS

1749
01:01:55,326 --> 01:01:56,594
THE PROJECT I'M EXCITED ABOUT

1750
01:01:56,594 --> 01:01:58,929
THAT I WISH I COULD SHARE BUT

1751
01:01:58,929 --> 01:01:59,430
DON'T HAVE ENOUGH TIME.

1752
01:01:59,430 --> 01:02:03,734
>> YOU SHARED JUST A TASTE
OF IT

1753
01:02:03,734 --> 01:02:06,304
THAT WE LOOK FORWARD TO LEARNING

1754
01:02:06,304 --> 01:02:08,639
MORE ABOUT WHEN INEVITABLY YOU

1755
01:02:08,639 --> 01:02:10,775
COMPLETE YOUR DEGREE AND PUBLISH

1756
01:02:10,775 --> 01:02:12,009
YOUR BOOK WHICH I KNOW I WILL

1757
01:02:12,009 --> 01:02:13,711
LOOK FORWARD TO READING AS DO

1758
01:02:13,711 --> 01:02:16,147
MANY PEOPLE. SO THIS LEADS US TO

1759
01:02:16,147 --> 01:02:18,616
OUR FINAL QUESTION, SOMEONE

1760
01:02:18,616 --> 01:02:20,351
WRITES IN, FANTASTIC WORK BY

1761
01:02:20,351 --> 01:02:22,053
NURSE HISTORIAN. WHAT IS NEXT

1762
01:02:22,053 --> 01:02:24,288
FOR YOU AND YOUR WORK

1763
01:02:24,288 --> 01:02:25,823
PROFESSIONALLY SPEAKING? YOU ARE

1764
01:02:25,823 --> 01:02:28,392
WORKING ON YOUR Ph.D.. WHEN DO

1765
01:02:28,392 --> 01:02:30,294
YOU EXPECT TO RECEIVE THAT AND

1766
01:02:30,294 --> 01:02:32,396
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT YOUR

1767
01:02:32,396 --> 01:02:34,098
NEXT STEPS? YOUR WONDERFUL IN

1768
01:02:34,098 --> 01:02:35,266
BOTH FIELDS. 

1769
01:02:35,266 --> 01:02:36,967
>> IT IS NOW TIME CRUNCH
BECAUSE

1770
01:02:36,967 --> 01:02:38,736
I WAS GOING TO TELL YOU SOONER,

1771
01:02:38,736 --> 01:02:42,907
IF YOU WANTED TO -- I WANTED TO

1772
01:02:42,907 --> 01:02:45,042
PACE MYSELF BUT I FOUND OUT I

1773
01:02:45,042 --> 01:02:47,345
RECEIVED A MELON POST DOC AT UVA

1774
01:02:47,345 --> 01:02:50,881
SO I JUST HAVE TO (INAUDIBLE)

1775
01:02:50,881 --> 01:02:53,017
DISSERTATION BY JULY, BY END OF

1776
01:02:53,017 --> 01:02:56,253
JULY SO THAT'S THE DEADLINE. TO

1777
01:02:56,253 --> 01:02:58,589
GO THROUGH THIS PROCESS OF

1778
01:02:58,589 --> 01:02:59,690
LEARNING MORE HOW TO FURTHER

1779
01:02:59,690 --> 01:03:00,825
INTEGRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE

1780
01:03:00,825 --> 01:03:03,594
HISTORY OF NURSING INTO

1781
01:03:03,594 --> 01:03:05,696
HEALTHCARE OR NEWSING CURRICULUM

1782
01:03:05,696 --> 01:03:06,831
-- NURSING CURRICULUM, THE

1783
01:03:06,831 --> 01:03:07,665
IMPORTANCE TO HEALTHCARE POLICY

1784
01:03:07,665 --> 01:03:09,333
AS WELL. WHEN I WAS DOING MY

1785
01:03:09,333 --> 01:03:11,035
FULL BRIGHT IN PHILIPPINES PER

1786
01:03:11,035 --> 01:03:14,805
SE I WAS WRITING THE BOOK THAT

1787
01:03:14,805 --> 01:03:16,741
RAIDING STANDARDS SAVING --

1788
01:03:16,741 --> 01:03:18,909
RAISING STANDARD SAVING LIVES IN

1789
01:03:18,909 --> 01:03:21,011
TANDEM WITH UNIVERSITY OF

1790
01:03:21,011 --> 01:03:22,813
PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF NURSING,

1791
01:03:22,813 --> 01:03:28,686
THE DEAN SPECIFICALLY AND ISSUES

1792
01:03:28,686 --> 01:03:31,555
THERE ARE SO -- THEY MIRROR U.S.

1793
01:03:31,555 --> 01:03:32,556
BUT ON DIFFERENT SCALE AND WE

1794
01:03:32,556 --> 01:03:34,258
ARE SEEING THE LEGACY OF

1795
01:03:34,258 --> 01:03:35,760
COLONIALISM IMPACT ON THE NURSE

1796
01:03:35,760 --> 01:03:39,196
PROFESSION OVER THERE. I THINK

1797
01:03:39,196 --> 01:03:41,132
THIS HISTORY HAS SO MUCH VALUE

1798
01:03:41,132 --> 01:03:43,234
IN SHAPING POLICY, JUST WE HAVE

1799
01:03:43,234 --> 01:03:46,337
TO KEEP PUSHING IT OUT, THESE

1800
01:03:46,337 --> 01:03:50,608
STORIES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO

1801
01:03:50,608 --> 01:03:52,410
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEMPORARY

1802
01:03:52,410 --> 01:03:54,311
TIMES AND ISSUES WE ARE FACING.

1803
01:03:54,311 --> 01:03:57,114
SO I THINK THAT IS MY GOAL IS

1804
01:03:57,114 --> 01:03:58,115
TO, I DON'T KNOW, --

1805
01:03:58,115 --> 01:04:00,918
(INDISCERNIBLE) BE ENGAGED ON

1806
01:04:00,918 --> 01:04:02,686
THE GROUND WITH NURSES THAT I

1807
01:04:02,686 --> 01:04:05,356
WORK WITH AND CONTINUING TO MAKE

1808
01:04:05,356 --> 01:04:06,657
GLOBAL CHANGES IF POSSIBLE TO

1809
01:04:06,657 --> 01:04:09,260
MAKE HEALTHCARE ACCESS EQUITABLE

1810
01:04:09,260 --> 01:04:12,396
FOR EVERYONE TRULY. 

1811
01:04:12,396 --> 01:04:16,801
>> FIRSTLY CONGRATULATIONS
ON

1812
01:04:16,801 --> 01:04:19,937
YOUR NEWS, POST DOC. MY

1813
01:04:19,937 --> 01:04:21,272
COLLEAGUES AND I AND NATIONAL

1814
01:04:21,272 --> 01:04:23,274
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND EVERYONE

1815
01:04:23,274 --> 01:04:24,442
WATCHING WISH YOU CONTINUED

1816
01:04:24,442 --> 01:04:26,777
SUCCESS ON YOUR PROFESSIONAL

1817
01:04:26,777 --> 01:04:29,180
JOURNEY FROM NURSING AND HISTORY

1818
01:04:29,180 --> 01:04:32,583
TO POLICY. IF WE OURSELVES COULD

1819
01:04:32,583 --> 01:04:34,919
BE FURTHER RESOURCE FOR YOU,

1820
01:04:34,919 --> 01:04:37,354
THROUGH ACCESS TO OUR COLLECTION

1821
01:04:37,354 --> 01:04:38,789
DON'T HESITATE TO BE IN TOUCH

1822
01:04:38,789 --> 01:04:41,792
AND I KNOW COLLEAGUES ACROSS ALL

1823
01:04:41,792 --> 01:04:42,960
INSTITUTIONS THAT HOLD MATERIAL

1824
01:04:42,960 --> 01:04:47,398
THAT INFORM YOUR WORK, WARMLY

1825
01:04:47,398 --> 01:04:49,266
WELCOME YOU TO BE IN TOUCH AND

1826
01:04:49,266 --> 01:04:51,001
WE WISH YOU EVERY CONTINUED

1827
01:04:51,001 --> 01:04:54,839
SUCCESS. GREAT TALK. YOU ARE

1828
01:04:54,839 --> 01:04:56,707
ONWARD TOWARD A WONDERFUL

1829
01:04:56,707 --> 01:04:58,375
FURTHER SUCCESS WITHOUT A DOUBT 

1830
01:04:58,375 --> 01:05:00,845
THANK YOU, REN, VERY MUCH FOR

1831
01:05:00,845 --> 01:05:02,446
YOUR TIME THIS AFTERNOON, FOR

1832
01:05:02,446 --> 01:05:03,447
PREPARING YOUR TALK AND THANK

1833
01:05:03,447 --> 01:05:05,115
YOU AGAIN FOR YOUR PATIENCE WITH

1834
01:05:05,115 --> 01:05:06,917
OUR TECHNICAL CHALLENGE WHICH IS

1835
01:05:06,917 --> 01:05:09,186
JUST THE NATURE OF THINGS THESE

1836
01:05:09,186 --> 01:05:11,422
DAYS. THANKS AGAIN. WE LOOK

1837
01:05:11,422 --> 01:05:12,423
FORWARD TO KEEPING IN TOUCH.

1838
01:05:12,423 --> 01:05:22,700
>> THANK YOU. 

1839
01:05:23,868 --> 01:05:25,035
>> I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE
THE

1840
01:05:25,035 --> 01:05:26,837
NEWS ABOUT THE NEXT NLM HISTORY

1841
01:05:26,837 --> 01:05:29,840
TALK ON MAY 30TH, THURSDAY.

1842
01:05:29,840 --> 01:05:40,284
BURNING WITH THANKS AGAIN

1843
01:05:59,837 --> 01:06:01,539
TO REN CAPUCAO, THANK YOU SO

1844
01:06:01,539 --> 01:06:06,810
MUCH FOR TUNING MANY  IN TO THE

1845
01:06:06,810 --> 01:06:07,578
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND

1846
01:06:07,578 --> 01:06:09,914
TUNE INTO FUTURE PROGRAMS WE

1847
01:06:09,914 --> 01:06:10,948
APPRECIATE YOUR INTEREST AND

1848
01:06:10,948 --> 01:06:12,683
ENGAGEMENT, IF WE AT THE NLM CAN

1849
01:06:12,683 --> 01:06:15,653
BE A RESOURCE FOR YOU AND YOUR

1850
01:06:15,653 --> 01:06:17,555
RESEARCH THROUGH ACCESS TO OUR

1851
01:06:17,555 --> 01:06:18,322
COLLECTION PLEASE DO NOT

1852
01:06:18,322 --> 01:06:20,691
HESITATE TO CONTACT US AND WE

1853
01:06:20,691 --> 01:06:22,459
LOOK FORWARD TO BEING IN TOUCH

1854
01:06:22,459 --> 01:06:24,528
AND BEING A RESOURCE FOR YOU.

1855
01:06:24,528 --> 01:06:27,097
THANKS TO EVERYONE AND THANKS

1856
01:06:27,097 --> 01:06:28,666
AGAIN TO REN CAPUCAO. HAVE A

1857
01:06:28,666 --> 01:06:39,009
GOOD DAY, BYE-BYE.