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I'M CHAIR OF THE BIOSECURITY FOR

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NSABB.

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I WELCOME OTHER 

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MEMBERS OF THE BOARD, FEDERAL 

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COLLEAGUES, INVITED SPEAKERS AND

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MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC JOINING US

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ON THE WEBCAST.

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FOR THOSE LISTENING THAT DON'T 

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KNOW, THE NSABB IS A FEDERAL 

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE THAT PROVIDES

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ADVICE, RECOMMENDATIONS ON 

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BIOSECURITY OVERSIGHT ON 

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RESEARCH TO THE UNITED STATES 

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GOVERNMENT.

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NSABB MEMBERS BRING A WIDE RANGE

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OF EXPERTISE AND PERSPECTIVES TO

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BEAR AND IMPORTANTLY THROUGH 

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MEETINGS LIKE THIS ONE, THE 

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BOARD FACILITATES PUBLIC 

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ENGAGEMENT IN THE POLICY MAKING 

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PROCESS.

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BEFORE I TURN IT OVER TO 

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DR. JORGENSON OR OPENING 

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REMARKS, TO NOTES THIS WEBCAST 

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WILL BE RECORDED AND NIH WILL 

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POST IT ONLINE SOME TIME AFTER 

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THE MEETING.

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DR. JORGENSON, OVER TO YOU FOR 

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OPENING REMARKS.

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>> THANK YOU, DR. PARKER.

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I'M LYRIC JORGENSON THE DIRECTOR

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FOR SCIENCE POLICY AT THE 

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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

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AND I WANT TO THANK THE MEMBERS 

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AND THE PUBLIC AND THE MEMBERS 

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OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE ADVISORY

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BOARD FOR BIOSECURITY.

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MANY OF YOU KNOW THE NSABB HAS A

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DEEP HISTORY OF ADVISING THE 

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U.S. GOVERNMENT ON POLICY AND IN

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FEBRUARY OF THIS YEAR WAS TASKED

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BY THE GOVERNMENT TO REVIEW TWO 

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KEY BIOSECURITY FRAMEWORKS 

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GOVERNING LIFE SCIENCES 

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RESEARCH.

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SPECIFICALLY A REMINDER THESE 

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INCLUDED TO EVALUATE AND PROVIDE

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RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE 

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EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CURRENT 

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OVERSIGHT FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH

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INVOLVING ENHANCED PANDEMIC 

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PATHOGENS YOU'LL HERE AS EPPs 

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AND TO EVALUATE AND ANALYZE THE 

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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S 

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INSTITUTIONAL AND OVERSIGHT OF 

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DUEL USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN 

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REFERRED TO AS DURC.

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THERE ARE TWO WORKING GROUPS TO 

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EVALUATE THE FRAMEWORK.

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THE GROUP HAS BEEN BUSY.

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WE HELD A NUMBER OF PUBLIC 

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LISTENING SESSION WHERE'S WE 

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HEARD FROM STAKEHOLDERS AND THE 

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PUBLIC AND THE WORK GROUPS HAVE 

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BEEN WORKING FULL STREAM.

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THE DISCUSSION AND INPUT FROM 

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THE LISTENING SESSIONS HELPED 

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INFORMING THE NIH AND 

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DELIBERATIONS.

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WE'D LIKE TO THANK ALL THE 

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PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE 

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EVENT AND MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC.

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WE'LL HEAR PROGRESS UPDATES FROM

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ONE OF THE WORKING GROUPS, THE 

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P3CO WORKING GROUP ON THEIR 

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ONGOING DELIBERATIONS TO ADDRESS

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THE FIRST PART OF THE CHARGE.

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THIS THE ONE FOCUSSED ON THE 

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OVERSIGHT OF EPP RESEARCH.

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IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 

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MEETING WE'LL HEAR FROM 

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STAKEHOLDERS AND SUBJECT MATTER 

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EXPERTS ON COMMUNICATION AND 

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GOVERNANCE OF RESEARCH WITH 

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DUEL-USE POTENTIAL WHICH WILL BE

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FOLLOWED BY QUESTIONS AND 

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DISCUSSION WITH NSABB MEMBERS.

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ULTIMATELY THEY'LL HELP INFORM 

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THE WORK OF THE NSABB AS THEY 

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ADVISE NIH AND THE HHS AND THE 

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TOTAL OF THE GOVERNMENT IN 

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THINKING THROUGH THE NEXT STEPS.

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THE FIRST OF THE TWO DISCUSSIONS

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FOCUS ON THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF 

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RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION AND 

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MANAGING THE RISKS ASSOCIATED 

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WITH DUAL-USE RESEARCH INCLUDING

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THE CONSIDERATION OF CONTEXT OF 

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INCREASES RAPID DISSEMINATION OF

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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS AND 

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THE RESULT OUTSIDE THE 

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TRADITIONAL MODEL SUCH AS 

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JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS ON 

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SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES.

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THE SECOND PART IS OVERSIGHT AND

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GOVERNANCE INCLUDING THE 

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POTENTIAL STRENGTH AND 

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WEAKNESSES OF POTENTIALLY AN 

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INTEGRATED P3CO AND DURC 

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OVERSIGHT FRAMEWORK.

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REALLY THINKING ABOUT THE FUTURE

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OF SCIENCE LAND IS NEEDED IN 

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TERMS OF THE OVERSIGHT FRAMEWORK

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AND POTENTIAL HARMONIZATION.

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I'D LIKE TO THANK THE EXPERTS 

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PARTICIPATING IN ADVANCE AND ON 

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BEHALF OF THE NIH WE'RE 

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APPRECIATIVE OF THE WORK NSABB 

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HAS BEEN DOING ON THESE 

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IMPORTANT CHARGES.

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YOU'VE BEEN TANKED WITH 

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CHALLENGING ISSUES ON A TIGHT 

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TIME LINE WHICH HAVE NO EASY 

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ANSWERS.

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WE APPRECIATE YOUR TIME AND 

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EXPERTISE.

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WITH THE DELIBERATIONS OF BOTH 

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WORKING GROUPS UNDERWAY WE 

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ANTICIPATE THE NSABB WILL BE IN 

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A POSITION TO MEET AGAIN IN THE 

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COMING MONTHS TO FORMULATE THE 

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RECOMMENDATION FOR THE ENTIRETY 

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OF THE CHARGE.

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I WOULD LOVE TO TURN IT BACK TO 

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YOU, DR. PARKER TO KICK OFF 

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TODAY'S MEETING.

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>> THANKS, DR. JORGENSON.

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AND BEFORE WE GET STARTED WE 

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HAVE A FEW ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS.

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I'D LIKE TO TURN IT OVER TO MS. 

141
00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:13,920
YOUNG, THE DESIGNATED FEDERAL 

142
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OFFICIAL FOR THE NSABB TO REVIEW

143
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CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND 

144
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PROVIDE HOUSEKEEPING REMINDERS.

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MS. YOUNG.

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>> THANK YOU, DR. PARKER.

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AS A MEMBER OF THIS COMMITTEE 

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YOU'RE SUBJECT TO THE RULES OF 

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CONDUCT THAT APPLY TO GOVERNMENT

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EMPLOYEES.

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THE RULES AND REGULATIONS ARE IN

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THE STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT

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OF EMPLOYEES FOR THE EXECUTIVE 

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BRANCH.

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YOU RECEIVED THIS DOCUMENT WHEN 

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YOU WERE APPOINTED TO THE 

157
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COMMITTEE.

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AT EVERY MEETING IN ADDITION TO 

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REMINDING YOU ABOUT THE 

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IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING THE 

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ETHICS RULES, WE LIKE TO REVIEW 

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THE STEPS WE TAKE AND ASK YOU TO

163
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TAKE TO ENSURE ANY CONFLICTS OF 

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INTERESTS ARE ADDRESSED.

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AS SCHEDULED INTERVALS YOU 

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PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 

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PERSONAL, PROFESSIONAL AND 

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FINANCIAL INTERESTS.

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WE USE THE INFORMATION AS A 

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BASIS FOR ASSESSING WHETHER HAVE

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YOU ANY REAL POTENTIAL OR 

172
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APPARENT CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 

173
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THAT COULD COMPROMISE YOUR 

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ABILITY TO BE OBJECTIVE.

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WHILE WE WAVE CONFLICTS OF 

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INTEREST OF GENERAL MATTERS 

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BECAUSE WE BELIEVE YOUR INTEREST

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WILL NOT AFFECT YOUR 

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PARTICIPATION.

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IF NOT WE ASK YOU TO RECUSE 

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YOURSELF AND LEAVE THE MEETING.

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IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER QUESTIONS 

183
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OUR COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT 

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OFFICER, MANDY, WILL BE HAPPY TO

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ADDRESS THEM.

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TO START US OFF WITH 

187
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HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS, THIS PUBLIC 

188
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MEETING IS BEING VIDEOCAST BY 

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NIH.

190
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KEEP YOUR MICS MUTED WHEN 

191
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THOUGHT SPEAKING.

192
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FOR EACH SESSION WE ASK 

193
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PRESENTERS TURN THEIR CAMERAS ON

194
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WHEN SPEAKING AND OTHERS LEAVE 

195
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THEIR VIDEO OFF UNTIL THE 

196
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DISCUSSION PORTION.

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WE'LL USE THE RAISE HAND 

198
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FUNCTION IN ZOOM SO USE THAT TO 

199
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INDICATE YOUR INTEREST IN 

200
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JOINING THE DISCUSSION.

201
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OVER TO YOU.

202
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>> BEFORE WE GET STARTED,
I WANT

203
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TO SAY A BIG THANK YOU FOR THE 

204
00:07:27,240 --> 00:07:31,560
STAFF AND OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND 

205
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POLICY WHEN O PROVIDED SUPPORT  

206
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I KNOW THEY HAD LATE NIGHTS WITH

207
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THE TASKS.

208
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THANK YOU AND EVERYBODY IN YOUR 

209
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OFFICE.

210
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THANK YOU.

211
00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:51,600
WITH THAT, WE'LL BEGIN WITH AN 

212
00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:52,840
UPDATE PRESENTATION WITH THE 

213
00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:54,880
CO-CHAIRS OF THE WORKING GROUP 

214
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REVIEWING THE P3CO POLICY AND 

215
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THE STATUS OF OUR DELIBERATIONS.

216
00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,880
AS MENTIONED, THESE ARE STILL 

217
00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:05,040
PRELIMINARY AND SOME GROUPS 

218
00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:06,040
THINKING REGARDING POTENTIAL 

219
00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:07,440
DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS AND 

220
00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:09,480
FINDINGS WERE SHARED PUBLICLY IN

221
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THE INTEREST OF MAXIMIZING 

222
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PUBLIC STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK AS 

223
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DELIBERATIONS CONTINUE.

224
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WE'LL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO 

225
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HEAR COMMENTS THE PUBLIC AND 

226
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THANK YOU TO THOSE WHO DID 

227
00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:26,880
PROVIDE PUBLIC COMMENT.

228
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THEY WERE POSTED ON THE NIH 

229
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OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND POLICY 

230
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WEBSITE PRIOR TO THE MEETING AND

231
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SHARED WITH COMMITTEE MEMBERS.

232
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WE WILL FOLLOW THE PUBLIC 

233
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COMMENTS WITH A COMMITTEE 

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DISCUSSION AND THEN WE WILL HAVE

235
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THE DURC STAKEHOLDER SESSION AND

236
00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:43,280
THE PANELS DISCUSSING RESEARCH 

237
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METHODS AND RESULTS AND FUTURE 

238
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OVERSIGHT OF DURC AND P3CO.

239
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WITH THAT, WE HAVE THE SLIDES 

240
00:08:50,680 --> 00:08:51,960
OFF AND I'LL START THE 

241
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PRESENTATION AND THEN TURN IT 

242
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OVER TO DR. MADAD.

243
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WE ARE ON SLIDE 1.

244
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GOOD AFTERNOON WITH DR. MADAD I 

245
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CO-CHAIRED THE WORK GROUP AND 

246
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THERE'S FRAMEWORK FOR P3CO.

247
00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:14,360
OUR OBJECTIVE IS TO SHARE 

248
00:09:14,360 --> 00:09:15,120
DELIBERATIONS AND GIVE FEEDBACK 

249
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ON PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND 

250
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RECOMMENDATIONS.

251
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I'LL NOTE THEY'RE FAR FROM SET 

252
00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:20,920
IN STONE.

253
00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:22,040
THEY RECOMMEND THE CURRENT THINK

254
00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:22,840
OF THE WORKING GROUP AND MEANT 

255
00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:26,640
TO PROVIDE A WINDOW TO WHERE WE 

256
00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:27,560
MAY GO.

257
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AND THAT SAID THE QUESTIONS, 

258
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FEEDBACK AND DISCUSSION RECEIVED

259
00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:34,520
WILL HELP INFORM THE WORKING 

260
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GROUP'S CONSIDERATION OR NEXT 

261
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STEPS.

262
00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:41,640
THIS SLIDE SHOWS THE WORKING 

263
00:09:41,640 --> 00:09:45,960
GROUP MEMBERS WHO HAVE 

264
00:09:45,960 --> 00:09:49,080
EXPERIENCED AND EXPERTISE IN 

265
00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:50,960
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEFENSE 

266
00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:54,160
AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND 

267
00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:57,000
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE AND 

268
00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,240
GLOBAL HEALTH ALL BROUGHT TO 

269
00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:01,760
BEAR AS WE PREPARE OUR TASK.

270
00:10:01,760 --> 00:10:02,840
THE WORKING GROUP'S TASK 

271
00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:05,440
REPRESENTS THE FIRST PHASE OF 

272
00:10:05,440 --> 00:10:10,520
THE BROADER CHARGE IN FEBRUARY.

273
00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:12,880
THE NSABB WAS TASKED WITH 

274
00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:14,840
EVALUATING THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE

275
00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:15,920
OVERSIGHT OF RESEARCH INVOLVING 

276
00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:19,520
THE CREATION, TRANSPORT OR USE 

277
00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:22,520
OF POTENTIAL PANDEMIC PATHOGENS 

278
00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:25,680
OR ENHANCED PPPs.

279
00:10:25,680 --> 00:10:26,520
THERE'S TWO KEY COMPONENTS OF 

280
00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,880
THE USG FRAMEWORK AND THEY ARE 

281
00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,560
FIRST, NUMBER ONE, THE P3CO 

282
00:10:33,560 --> 00:10:38,640
POLICY GUIDANCE WHICH OUTLINES 

283
00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:39,920
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FEDERAL 

284
00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:41,280
DEPARTMENTS OR IDENTIFICATION 

285
00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,960
AND OVERSIGHT OF ENHANCED PPP 

286
00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:46,880
AND TWO, HHS ACTION AND 

287
00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:49,280
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY 

288
00:10:49,280 --> 00:10:51,520
GUIDANCE TO GUIDE DECISIONS 

289
00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:52,520
OUTLINED IN THE HHS P3CO 

290
00:10:52,520 --> 00:11:02,680
FRAMEWORK.

291
00:11:02,920 --> 00:11:08,360
OUR APPROACH HAS BEEN LARGELY 

292
00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:09,840
DIVIDED INTO BALANCING 

293
00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:10,480
TRANSPARENCY AND SECURITY AND 

294
00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:14,880
CONSIDERATION FOR SUPPORT AND 

295
00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:17,680
ENHANCED EPPP RESEARCH AND WHILE

296
00:11:17,680 --> 00:11:20,320
THE RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WILL BE

297
00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:21,200
DISCUSSED LARGELY FOCUS ON THE 

298
00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:22,520
P3CO POLICY SCOPE AND THE ISSUES

299
00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:26,280
OF BALANCING TRANSPARENCY AND 

300
00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:28,320
SECURITY, THE WORKING GROUP 

301
00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,840
DELIBERATIONS IS ONGOING ACROSS 

302
00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:32,520
ALL THREE TOPIC AREAS INCLUDING 

303
00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:34,520
SUPPORT FOR ENHANCED EPPP 

304
00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:44,960
RESEARCH INTERNATIONALLY.

305
00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:53,440
THE WORK HAS MET THROUGH 

306
00:11:53,440 --> 00:11:54,880
TELECONFERENCE AND IN ADDITION 

307
00:11:54,880 --> 00:12:00,840
TO POLICIES THEMSELVES, 

308
00:12:00,840 --> 00:12:02,360
DELIBERATIONS THUS FAR INCLUDE 

309
00:12:02,360 --> 00:12:04,200
PRIOR NSABB READINGS AND REPORTS

310
00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:08,600
AND THE NSABB'S 2016 FINDINGS 

311
00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:09,840
AND RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH INFORM

312
00:12:09,840 --> 00:12:11,880
CURRENT POLICY AND THE JANUARY 

313
00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:13,400
2020 NSABB MEETING WHICH 

314
00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:14,040
FOCUSSED ON TRANSPARENCY AND 

315
00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:21,880
SECURITY ISSUES.

316
00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,360
EXPERT AROUND PUBLIC 

317
00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:28,520
PERSPECTIVES WERE SHARED ON P3CO

318
00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:30,120
IN APRIL AND JUNE OF THIS YEAR 

319
00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:32,200
AND DISCUSSIONS WITH STAFF AND 

320
00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:33,120
AGENCIES ON THE TYPES OF 

321
00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:36,160
RESEARCH THEY SUPPORT.

322
00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:41,560
EXPERIENCES WITH ePPP 

323
00:12:41,560 --> 00:12:41,920
IMPLEMENTATION.

324
00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:42,800
DISCUSSION WITH RESEARCH 

325
00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:45,280
INVESTIGATORS AND OTHERS AT 

326
00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:46,080
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING 

327
00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:47,040
RESEARCH COMPLIANCE OFFICES WHO 

328
00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:48,960
ARE INVOLVED IN THE CONDUCT AND 

329
00:12:48,960 --> 00:12:51,040
OVERSIGHT OF RESEARCH INVOLVING 

330
00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:52,520
PATHOGENS.

331
00:12:52,520 --> 00:12:54,880
A BRIEFING FROM NATIONAL 

332
00:12:54,880 --> 00:12:55,920
SECURITY EXPERTS AND PUBLIC 

333
00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:57,760
COMMENTS SHARED WITH THE BOARD.

334
00:12:57,760 --> 00:12:59,520
NOW, I'D LIKE TO HAND IT OVER TO

335
00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:01,320
MY COLLEAGUE AND CO-CHAIR, 

336
00:13:01,320 --> 00:13:04,440
DR. MADAD WHO WILL WALK THROUGH 

337
00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:06,120
THE FINDINGS AND DRAFT FINDINGS 

338
00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:08,280
AND PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS.

339
00:13:08,280 --> 00:13:08,800
DR. MADAD.

340
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:13,800
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, 

341
00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:16,920
DR. PARKER.

342
00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:19,600
>> I'M GOING TO GO THROUGH
OUR 

343
00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:20,840
RECOMMENDATIONS AND DRAFT 

344
00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:22,480
FINDINGS AS DR. PARKER 

345
00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:22,920
MENTIONED.

346
00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:24,920
WORK GROUP DEDICATED A 

347
00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:26,840
SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF TIME 

348
00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:28,800
CONSIDERING THE SCOPE OF THE 

349
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:30,320
U.S. GOVERNMENT P3CO POLICY.

350
00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:31,560
NATURALLY I'LL BEGIN THERE.

351
00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:35,720
PER THE OSTP POLICY GUIDANCE OF 

352
00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:38,920
ePPP AS A PATHOGEN IS A LIKELY 

353
00:13:38,920 --> 00:13:41,160
HIGHLY TRANSMISSIBLE AND LIKELY 

354
00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:42,840
CAPABLE OF WIDE AND 

355
00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:45,360
UNCONTROLLABLE SPREAD IN HUMAN 

356
00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:46,840
POPULATIONS AND LIKELY HIGHLY 

357
00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:48,960
VIRULENT AND LIKELY TO CAUSE 

358
00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:52,880
SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY AND ORE 

359
00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:53,200
MO

360
00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:56,760
 -- OR MORTALITY IN HUMANS.

361
00:13:56,760 --> 00:13:58,840
ENHANCED PPP IS RESULT FROM 

362
00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:01,240
ENHANCEMENT OF THE 

363
00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,720
TRANSMISSIBILITY AND/OR 

364
00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:05,120
VIRULENCE OF ANY PATHOGEN.

365
00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:07,160
THIS IS LARGELY IN LINE WITH THE

366
00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,560
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN 

367
00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:14,600
THE NSABB 2016 REPORT WHICH HAS 

368
00:14:14,600 --> 00:14:16,560
MORE DESCRIPTIONS OF HIGHLY 

369
00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:18,800
TRANSMISSIBLE AND HIGHLY 

370
00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:20,760
VIRULENT BEGINNING ON PAGE 41.

371
00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:22,320
HOWEVER, DURING OUR 

372
00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:26,600
DELIBERATIONS THE WORK GROUP 

373
00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:28,560
GRAPPLED WITH WHETHER THE 

374
00:14:28,560 --> 00:14:38,080
THRESHOLD REMAINED APPROPRIATE.

375
00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:40,520
RECOGNIZING P3CO POLICY IS AN 

376
00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:42,360
ADDITIONAL LAYER OF ENHANCED 

377
00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:44,360
REVIEW AND OVERSIGHT OF THE 

378
00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:46,520
SUBSET OF PPP RESEARCH DEEMED TO

379
00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:49,360
POSE THE GREATEST RISKS, THERE 

380
00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:50,840
ARE OTHER BIOSECURITY AND BIO 

381
00:14:50,840 --> 00:14:52,240
SAFETY REGULATIONS, POLICIES AND

382
00:14:52,240 --> 00:14:54,840
GUIDELINES IN PLACE THAT MAY 

383
00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:57,000
APPLY TO SUCH RESEARCH, THE WORK

384
00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:58,840
GROUP THINKS THE CURRENT 

385
00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:01,080
DEFINITIONS DEFINE A THRESHOLD 

386
00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:04,960
THAT SHOULD BE RECONSIDERED.

387
00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:06,120
OUR FIRST PRELIMINARY DRAFT 

388
00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:07,640
FINDINGS IS THE P3CO SCOPE WHICH

389
00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:09,480
IS GROUNDED IN THE DEFINITIONS 

390
00:15:09,480 --> 00:15:14,120
OF PPP AND ENHANCED PPP IN THE 

391
00:15:14,120 --> 00:15:16,440
POLICY DOES NOT ADEQUATELY 

392
00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:18,920
CAPTURE PATHOGENS THAT DO NOT 

393
00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:21,440
MEET THE THRESHOLD OF LIKELY 

394
00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:22,720
TRANSMISSIBLE AND CAPABLE OF 

395
00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:26,840
WIDE AND LIKELY SPREAD AND 

396
00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:31,320
LIKELY HIGHLY VIRULENT AND CAN 

397
00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:32,840
POSE A THREAT TO HEALTH OR 

398
00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:33,120
SECURITY.

399
00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:34,240
THE WORK GROUP CONSIDERED THE 

400
00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:36,520
FACT THAT WHETHER OR NOT A 

401
00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:40,440
PATHOGEN POSES A SEVERE THREAT 

402
00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:41,560
TO PUBLIC HEALTH THE CAPACITY OF

403
00:15:41,560 --> 00:15:42,640
HEALTH SYSTEMS TO FUNCTION OR 

404
00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:46,560
NATIONAL SECURITY IS A FUNCTION 

405
00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:51,080
OF TRANSMISSIBILITY AND 

406
00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:52,880
VIRULENCE AND SHARED LESSONS 

407
00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:54,800
LEARN FROM THE PAST TWO AND A 

408
00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:58,560
HALF YEARS OF RESPONSE TO AND 

409
00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:01,800
RECOVERY FROM THE PANDEMIC.

410
00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:03,400
THE RECOMMENDATION IS A 

411
00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:09,120
DEFINITION OF PPP AND ePPP 

412
00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:13,440
MODIFIED TO INCLUDE HIGHLY 

413
00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:14,800
TRANSMISSIBLE PATHOGENS WITH 

414
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:15,760
INCREASED FATALITY RATES AND 

415
00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,840
THOSE LESS TRANSMISSIBLE BUT 

416
00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:22,520
HAVE HIGHER VIRULENCE OR CASE 

417
00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:32,800
FATALITY RATES.

418
00:16:33,040 --> 00:16:36,040
SECOND IS FROM THE P3CO 

419
00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:36,560
FRAMEWORK.

420
00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:38,200
PER POLICY, WILD TYPE PATHOGENS 

421
00:16:38,200 --> 00:16:39,920
CIRCULATING IN OR HAVE BEEN 

422
00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:43,640
RECOVERED FROM NATURE ARE NOT 

423
00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:46,640
ENHANCED PPPs REGARDLESS OF THE 

424
00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:49,280
PANDEMIC POTENTIAL.

425
00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:50,680
ADDITIONALLY, PATHOGENS RESULT 

426
00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:52,560
FROM MODIFICATION AND THE 

427
00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:54,720
TRANSMISSIBILITY OR VIRULENCE OF

428
00:16:54,720 --> 00:16:56,360
PPPs DURING SURVEILLED 

429
00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:57,440
ACTIVITIES INCLUDING SAMPLING 

430
00:16:57,440 --> 00:16:59,440
AND SEQUENCING, AN ACTIVITY 

431
00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:00,960
ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPING OR 

432
00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:02,440
PRODUCING VACCINES SUCH AS 

433
00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:03,560
GENERATION OF HIGH GROWTH 

434
00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:06,960
STRAINS ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE

435
00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:17,200
ENHANCED PPPs.

436
00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:23,080
CONSIDERATION OF PPP RESEARCH, 

437
00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:24,840
THE WORK GROUP IS OF THE OPINION

438
00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:27,640
THE FOCUS FOR ASSESSMENT SHOULD 

439
00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:30,240
BE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVITY

440
00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,440
TO CREATOR INVOLVE AN ENHANCED 

441
00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:35,760
PPP NOT IN THE CON TEXT IN WHICH

442
00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:36,640
THIS ACTIVITY OR MODIFICATION IS

443
00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:46,840
CARRIED OUT.

444
00:17:49,040 --> 00:17:51,360
AS A RESULT WE RECOMMEND ALL 

445
00:17:51,360 --> 00:17:52,560
RESEARCH ACTIVITY REASONABLY 

446
00:17:52,560 --> 00:17:54,880
ANTICIPATED TO CREATE THE 

447
00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:57,680
CREATION, TRANSFER OR USE OF 

448
00:17:57,680 --> 00:17:59,480
ePPPs IS SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL 

449
00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:03,080
REVIEW UNDER THE P3CO POLICY 

450
00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:06,320
FRAMEWORK.

451
00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:10,240
FURTHERMORE , WHILE MOST THE 

452
00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:11,360
ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE 

453
00:18:11,360 --> 00:18:12,160
SURVEILLANCE AND VACCINE 

454
00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:14,840
DEVELOPMENT WOULD NOT BE 

455
00:18:14,840 --> 00:18:18,480
ANTICIPATED TO RESULT IN ENHANCE

456
00:18:18,480 --> 00:18:20,440
THE ePPPs AND GENERATION OF HIGH

457
00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:21,800
GROWTH STRAINS, THE CURRENT 

458
00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:24,640
EXCLUSIONS AS AWARDED COULD BE 

459
00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:29,680
BROADLY INTERPRETED AS BLANKET 

460
00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:30,200
EXCLUSIONS.

461
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,120
AND THIS COULD CONCEIVABLY BE 

462
00:18:32,120 --> 00:18:35,160
RESEARCH BEING REVIEWED IN 

463
00:18:35,160 --> 00:18:36,240
ACCORDANCE WITH P3CO POLICY.

464
00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:38,520
THE WORK GROUP RECOGNIZES THE 

465
00:18:38,520 --> 00:18:40,080
IMPORTANT ROLES SURVEILLANCE AND

466
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:41,040
MEDICAL COUNTER MEASURES 

467
00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:42,880
DEVELOPMENT PLAY IN PREPAREDNESS

468
00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:44,480
AND RESPONSE AND ALSO RECOMMEND 

469
00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:50,840
THAT PROCESSES BE INSTITUTED FOR

470
00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:58,360
URGENT REVIEW EVALUATION ePPP 

471
00:18:58,360 --> 00:19:00,360
CONSIDERED CRITICAL FOR NATIONAL

472
00:19:00,360 --> 00:19:02,080
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE OR 

473
00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:03,400
NATIONAL SECURITY.

474
00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:04,080
U.S. GOVERNMENT P3CO POLICY 

475
00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:06,240
REQUIRES FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND

476
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,480
AGENCIES TO DEVELOP APPROPRIATE 

477
00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:09,920
REVIEW MECHANISMS FOR THE 

478
00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:14,760
IDENTIFICATION AND OVERSIGHT OF 

479
00:19:14,760 --> 00:19:16,000
ENHANCED PPP RESEARCH.

480
00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:18,840
THE HHS P3CO FRAMEWORK OUTLINES 

481
00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:21,040
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF 

482
00:19:21,040 --> 00:19:23,000
HHS FUNDING AGENCIES AND HHS IN 

483
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,800
THIS PROCESS.

484
00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:28,520
FOR THE FUNDING AGENCY, THIS 

485
00:19:28,520 --> 00:19:29,640
INCLUDES CONDUCTING RESEARCH 

486
00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:32,440
MERIT REVIEW, PROVIDING RELEVANT

487
00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:34,040
INFORMATION FOR THE DEPARTMENT 

488
00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:36,880
LEVEL REVIEW SUCH AS RISK 

489
00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:38,880
BENEFIT ANALYSIS AND PROPOSED 

490
00:19:38,880 --> 00:19:40,120
RISK MITIGATION PLAN AND 

491
00:19:40,120 --> 00:19:41,160
CONSIDERATION THE 

492
00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:43,520
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE 

493
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:44,120
DEPARTMENT-LEVEL REVIEW AND 

494
00:19:44,120 --> 00:19:46,800
MAKING A FUNDING DECISION.

495
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:48,840
AT THE DEPARTMENT LEVEL, 

496
00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:49,360
RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE 

497
00:19:49,360 --> 00:19:51,480
CONVENING A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY 

498
00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:53,520
REVIEW GROUP AT THE DEPARTMENT 

499
00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:56,240
LEVEL TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE

500
00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:58,800
PROPOSED WORK AND DEVELOPING 

501
00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:00,560
RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACCEPTABLE 

502
00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:02,880
FOR HHS FUNDING INCLUDING 

503
00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,160
SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL RISK 

504
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:06,400
MITIGATION MEASURES AND/OR TERMS

505
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:06,960
AND CONDITIONS OF AWARD IF 

506
00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:14,840
AWARDED.

507
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:20,560
AND WHILE INVESTIGATORS AND 

508
00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:21,360
INVESTIGATORS ARE INVOLVED IN 

509
00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:22,640
P3CO REVIEW, THE 

510
00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:26,840
U.S. GOVERNMENT'S OVERSIGHT 

511
00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:29,240
FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCED PPP 

512
00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:30,400
RESEARCH WOULD BENEFIT FROM 

513
00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:30,800
ENHANCED ROLES FROM 

514
00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:34,040
INVESTIGATORS AND INSTITUTIONS.

515
00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:36,360
INVESTIGATORS AND STUCKSES ARE 

516
00:20:36,360 --> 00:20:39,720
CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF A 

517
00:20:39,720 --> 00:20:40,560
COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM AS THEY'RE 

518
00:20:40,560 --> 00:20:41,800
MOST FAMILIAR WITH THE RESEARCH 

519
00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:44,120
PROPOSED OR BEING CONDUCTED IN 

520
00:20:44,120 --> 00:20:45,840
THEIR FACILITIES AND ARE IN THE 

521
00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:48,960
BEST POSITIONS TO PROMOTE AND 

522
00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:54,520
STRENGTHEN RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT 

523
00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:57,840
AND ENSURE ONGOING BIOSAFETY AND

524
00:20:57,840 --> 00:20:58,840
BIOSECURITY CONTROLS AND THE 

525
00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:00,960
RECOMMENDATION IS IT BE REVISED 

526
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,160
TO INCLUDE ROLES, 

527
00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:03,200
RESPONSIBILITIES AND 

528
00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:04,560
EXPECTATIONS FOR INVESTIGATORS 

529
00:21:04,560 --> 00:21:06,960
AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE REVIEW 

530
00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:10,520
OR EVALUATION OF ENHANCED PPP 

531
00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:10,840
RESEARCH.

532
00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:12,640
IN DOING SO, THE U.S. GOVERNMENT

533
00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:14,880
SHOULD CONSIDER WAYS TO 

534
00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:16,560
HARMONIZE, STRENGTHEN WHERE 

535
00:21:16,560 --> 00:21:18,880
NEEDED AND PROVIDE RESOURCES FOR

536
00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:22,320
LOCAL COMPLIANCE ACTIVITIES.

537
00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:23,800
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT SHOULD 

538
00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:26,280
DESIGNATE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT 

539
00:21:26,280 --> 00:21:27,320
CONTACT ENTITY TO ASSIST 

540
00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:28,520
INVESTIGATORS AND INSTITUTIONS 

541
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:30,960
IN THE REVIEW PROCESS AND TO 

542
00:21:30,960 --> 00:21:33,440
PROVIDE OVERSIGHT TO ENSURE AN 

543
00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:34,080
ADEQUATE EVALUATION.

544
00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:37,360
THE LAST TWO COMPONENTS OF 

545
00:21:37,360 --> 00:21:42,400
RECOMMENDATION 3 WILL BE 

546
00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:42,840
SYNERGISTIC WITH THE 

547
00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:48,880
RECOMMENDATION OF WORK GROUP 4.

548
00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:50,480
THE ADDITIONAL PROCESS OUTLINED 

549
00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:56,920
FOR THE OSTP, P3CO POLICY 

550
00:21:56,920 --> 00:21:59,560
GUIDANCE AND HHS P3CO FRAMEWORK 

551
00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:01,120
WERE DEEMED TO BE GENERALLY 

552
00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:01,800
APPROPRIATE AS DESIGNED.

553
00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:04,200
HOWEVER, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF 

554
00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:06,240
AREAS WHERE WE THINK CHANGES TO 

555
00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:07,800
THE POLICY FRAMEWORK MIGHT SERVE

556
00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:11,920
TO ENHANCE REVIEW AND OVERSIGHT.

557
00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:12,960
FOR INSTANCE, UNDERSTAND SECTION

558
00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:15,800
3 OF THE OSTP GUIDANCE WHICH 

559
00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:17,960
YOUD LINES PRINCIPLES TO BE 

560
00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:19,960
SATISFIED BY FEDERAL REVIEW 

561
00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:22,520
MECHANISMS, 3.3 AND 3.4 AS 

562
00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:25,080
WRITTEN AND SHOWN HERE, WERE 

563
00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:27,440
DEEMED TO BE INCONSISTENT WITH 

564
00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:30,000
SIMILAR POLICIES AS DESCRIBED IN

565
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:31,360
THE BELMONT REPORT REGARDING THE

566
00:22:31,360 --> 00:22:34,560
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS AND 

567
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:38,360
BENEFITS.

568
00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:39,920
WHILE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO 

569
00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:41,320
ELIMINATE ALL RISK, THE WORK 

570
00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:43,240
GROUP RECOMMENDATIONS THE 

571
00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:44,800
PRINCIPLES BE REVISED IN A 

572
00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:46,800
MANNER THAT FOCUSES ON 

573
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:50,800
ALTERNATIVE WAYS OBTAINING THE 

574
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:52,520
BENEFITS RATHER THAN AN 

575
00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:53,960
ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO ANSWER 

576
00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:56,320
THE SAME QUESTION AND HELPS TO 

577
00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:58,560
ENSURE RISKS THAT ARE DEEMED 

578
00:22:58,560 --> 00:22:59,960
UNNECESSARY ARE IDENTIFIED.

579
00:22:59,960 --> 00:23:03,720
POTENTIAL REVISIONS TO 3.3 AND 

580
00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:06,920
3.4 ARE PROVIDED IN OUR DRAFT AS

581
00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:16,560
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES ONLY.

582
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:27,080
ADDITIONALLY, SECTION 4C STATES 

583
00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:29,440
TO INVOLVE ANY OF THE SEVEN 

584
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:30,880
EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOMES LISTED.

585
00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:33,760
IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER DRAFT 

586
00:23:33,760 --> 00:23:34,480
RECOMMENDATIONS, IN PARTICULAR, 

587
00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:37,320
PROVIDING ENHANCED RULES AND 

588
00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:38,280
RESPONSIBILITY AT THE 

589
00:23:38,280 --> 00:23:39,800
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL AND THE 

590
00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:41,800
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION 

591
00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:43,960
GUIDANCE FOR FUNDING AGENCIES, 

592
00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:46,120
WE RECOMMEND THE POTENTIAL FOR 

593
00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:47,640
SUCH OUTCOMES BE CONSIDERED AT 

594
00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:54,840
EACH STAGE OF THE REVIEW 

595
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:55,920
PROCESS.

596
00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:57,920
THE P3CO REVIEW PROCESS CAN BE 

597
00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:00,680
ITERATIVE AND CAN TAKE A VERY 

598
00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:01,160
LONG TIME.

599
00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:02,880
THE FINAL FUNDING DECISIONS 

600
00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:04,520
SOMETIMES COMING A YEAR OR MORE 

601
00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:06,520
AFTER THE PEER REVIEW.

602
00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:09,200
THE LENGTHY REVIEW TIMES AND 

603
00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:10,560
LACK OF INFORMED EXPECTATIONS 

604
00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:12,360
REGARDING REVIEW PROCESS AND 

605
00:24:12,360 --> 00:24:14,480
TIME LINE HAVE RESULTED IN 

606
00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:16,560
SIGNIFICANT UNCERTAINTY AND 

607
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:18,840
CHALLENGES FOR INVESTIGATORS AND

608
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:19,160
INSTITUTIONS.

609
00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:21,000
WHILE SOME CHALLENGES ARE 

610
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:22,680
EXPECTED WITH ANY IMPLEMENTATION

611
00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:24,600
OF NEW POLICY, THE WORK GROUP 

612
00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,440
FOUND THAT A LACK OF 

613
00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:28,520
IMPLEMENTATION DIRECTIVE ANDANCE

614
00:24:28,520 --> 00:24:29,920
INCLUDING FROM THE DEPARTMENT TO

615
00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:32,040
FUNDING AGENCIES AND FUNDING 

616
00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:33,440
AGENCIES TO INSTITUTIONS 

617
00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,240
RESPECTIVELY, CONTRIBUTED TO 

618
00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:39,360
REVIEW TIMES UNCERTAINTY AND 

619
00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:39,680
CHALLENGES.

620
00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:41,880
THIS IS PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR 

621
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:43,920
RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS AND 

622
00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:44,280
INSTITUTIONS.

623
00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,520
THE WORK GROUP FOUND THE 

624
00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:48,040
CHALLENGES HAVE SIGNIFICANT 

625
00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:49,920
POTENTIAL TO DISCOURAGE AND IN 

626
00:24:49,920 --> 00:24:51,960
SOME CASE HAVE ALREADY 

627
00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:53,160
DISCOURAGED INVESTIGATORS FROM 

628
00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:54,840
SUBMITTING RESEARCH PROPOSALS 

629
00:24:54,840 --> 00:24:56,200
AIMED AT HELPING UNDERSTAND 

630
00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:58,560
PANDEMIC PATHOGENS.

631
00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:01,200
LEFT UNCHECKED, THIS COULD 

632
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,000
DISCOURAGE YOUNG SCIENTISTS FROM

633
00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:04,560
PURSUING RESEARCH CAREERS IN 

634
00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:06,480
AREAS CRITICAL TO PANDEMIC 

635
00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:08,960
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE OR 

636
00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:10,520
PUSH THEM OR IMPORTANT RESEARCH 

637
00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:13,480
OVERSEAS DUE TO UNNECESSARY 

638
00:25:13,480 --> 00:25:15,840
DELAYS AND BURDENS AND NEGATIVE 

639
00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:16,200
STIGMA.

640
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:17,760
INVESTIGATORS AND INSTITUTIONS 

641
00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:22,160
ARE COMMITTED TO ENSURING 

642
00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:23,880
CRITICAL RESEARCH DETERMINE TO 

643
00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:25,920
INVOLVE ePPPs RECEIVES ADEQUATE 

644
00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:27,960
REVIEW AND STRICT OVERSIGHT.

645
00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:29,600
ADDITIONAL EDUCATION AND 

646
00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:31,960
GUIDANCE WOULD FACILITATE MORE 

647
00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:33,360
CONSISTENT AND EFFICIENT POLICY 

648
00:25:33,360 --> 00:25:34,400
IMPLEMENTATION BY ALL 

649
00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:40,520
STAKEHOLDERS AND ENHANCE 

650
00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:42,120
AWARENESS MUCH BIOSAFETY AND 

651
00:25:42,120 --> 00:25:42,880
BIOSECURITY ISSUES THROUGH THE 

652
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:49,120
LIFE CYCLE.

653
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:51,280
THE WORK GROUP THUS RECOMMENDS 

654
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:53,200
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT DEDICATES 

655
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:55,480
RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL TO THE 

656
00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:58,440
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION 

657
00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:01,400
DIRECTIVE OR PLAN, ADDITIONAL 

658
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:02,160
GUIDANCE, EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS 

659
00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:03,720
AND STANDARD OPERATING 

660
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:05,040
PROCEDURES THAT COULD BE ADOPTED

661
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:06,920
FOR USE BY INVESTIGATORS AND 

662
00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:10,560
INSTITUTIONS.

663
00:26:10,560 --> 00:26:11,600
IT'S IMPORTANT SUCH MATERIAL 

664
00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:12,800
OUTLINE CLEAR ROLES AND 

665
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:14,880
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR 

666
00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:16,480
INVESTIGATORS, INSTITUTIONS, 

667
00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:18,880
FEDERAL FUNDING AGENCIES AND 

668
00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:20,840
FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS.

669
00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:23,440
THE COMPANION GUIDE AND OTHER 

670
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:26,880
MATERIAL DEVELOPED IN IMPLEM

671
00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:28,240
IMPLEMENTATION OF DURC POLICIES 

672
00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:35,760
MAY SERVE AS A MODEL.

673
00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:38,160
AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE WORK 

674
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:41,760
GROUP RECOMMENDS THE GUIDANCE 

675
00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:42,840
AND EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL HAVE 

676
00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:45,640
CLEAR STEPS, CONSIDERATIONS AND 

677
00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:49,000
CRITERIA TO AID CONSISTENT 

678
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:50,360
IDENTIFICATION OF ePPP RESEARCH.

679
00:26:50,360 --> 00:26:52,560
ADDRESS THE TYPES OF RISKS AND 

680
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:54,320
BENEFITS THAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED

681
00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:57,120
AND THE EXPECTED COMPONENTS OF 

682
00:26:57,120 --> 00:26:58,600
RISK MITIGATION PLAN AND OTHER 

683
00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:01,560
MATERIAL EVALUATED.

684
00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:02,840
INCLUDING SUBSTANTIVE 

685
00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:04,080
INFORMATION ON BIOSAFETY AND 

686
00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:05,760
BIOSECURITY STANDARDS AND 

687
00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:07,120
PROVIDE EXPECTATIONS AND 

688
00:27:07,120 --> 00:27:10,560
GUIDANCE ON REASONABLE 

689
00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:11,080
COMMUNICATION ON RESEARCH.

690
00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:12,200
AS AN ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATION, 

691
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:13,200
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT SHOULD 

692
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:14,040
DEVELOP PRINCIPLES AND 

693
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:18,280
GUIDELINES THAT CAN BE APPLIED 

694
00:27:18,280 --> 00:27:21,720
TO SUBSTANTIATE 1, THERE ARE NO 

695
00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:22,880
FEASIBLE SCIENTIFICALLY SOUND 

696
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,960
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF OBTAINING

697
00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:26,680
THE BENEFITS SOUGHT IN THE 

698
00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:28,760
RESEARCH IN THE MANNER THAT 

699
00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:32,640
POSES LESS RISK.

700
00:27:32,640 --> 00:27:36,360
AND 2, THAT UNNECESSARY RISKS 

701
00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:37,960
HAVE BEEN ELIMINATED AND OVER 

702
00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:39,440
ALL ASSESSMENT OF REMAINING RISK

703
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,680
FIND THEY ARE ADJUSTED OR 

704
00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:44,800
JUSTIFIED BY THE POTENTIAL 

705
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:46,840
BENEFITS TO SOCIETY FROM THE 

706
00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:54,920
RESEARCH.

707
00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:56,560
TURNING TO TRANSPARENCY AND 

708
00:27:56,560 --> 00:27:57,320
SECURITY.

709
00:27:57,320 --> 00:27:59,480
BASED ON DISCUSSIONS WITH 

710
00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:03,280
FEDERAL STAFF, HHS, P3CO REVIEW 

711
00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:04,320
GROUP, HAVE THE APPROPRIATE 

712
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:05,600
EXPERTISE REPRESENTED TO REVIEW 

713
00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:07,440
THE RESEARCH THAT WAS REFERRED 

714
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:10,840
FOR DEPARTMENT-LEVEL REVIEW.

715
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:14,800
HOWEVER, WHILE THE HHS P3CO 

716
00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:15,600
FRAMEWORK AND EXPERTISE THAT 

717
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,840
SHOULD BE REPRESENTED DURING THE

718
00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:20,600
DEPARTMENT-LEVEL REVIEW 

719
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:22,720
INCLUDING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BY

720
00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:25,880
SAFETY, BIOSECURITY AND 

721
00:28:25,880 --> 00:28:28,560
DEVELOPMENT IN AVAILABILITY, 

722
00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:29,920
LAW, ETHICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH 

723
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:31,280
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE AMONG 

724
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:34,080
OTHERS, THE WORK GROUP BELIEVES 

725
00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:36,520
INCREASED TRANSPARENCY IS 

726
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:36,960
NEEDED.

727
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:38,320
SPECIFICALLY, WE RECOMMEND THE 

728
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:39,920
U.S. GOVERNMENT TAKE ADDITIONAL 

729
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:41,560
STEPS TO INCREASE TRANSPARENCY 

730
00:28:41,560 --> 00:28:44,200
IN THE REVIEW PROCESS INCLUDING 

731
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:46,840
POTENTIALLY SHARING A SUMMARY OF

732
00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:48,960
KEY DETERMINATES AND DECISIONS 

733
00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:50,840
OF U.S. GOVERNMENT REVIEW.

734
00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:54,840
SUCH TRANSPARENCY WOULD BE IN 

735
00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:56,480
PART ACCOMPANIED OR ACCOMPLISHED

736
00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:58,400
BY THE DEVELOPMENT AND BELIEFS 

737
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:00,080
OF AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND 

738
00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:01,040
GUIDANCE AS OUTLINED IN 

739
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:09,160
RECOMMENDATION 4.

740
00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:11,640
AS PART OF OUR EVALUATION, THE 

741
00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:13,000
WORK GROUP CONSIDERED DIFFERENT 

742
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,440
TYPES OF RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY 

743
00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:16,560
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT INCLUDING 

744
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:22,000
RESEARCH INVOLVING ANIMAL AND 

745
00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:22,600
PLANT PATHOGENS.

746
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:23,640
CONSIDERING P3CO SCOPE IS 

747
00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:24,880
FOCUSSED ON A RESULTING PATHOGEN

748
00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:28,280
AND NOT LIMITED BY THE STARTING 

749
00:29:28,280 --> 00:29:30,960
PATHOGEN BY WAY OF THE ePPP 

750
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:34,320
DEFINITION, WE SOUGHT THE FOCUS 

751
00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:36,240
OF ADDITIONAL P3CO REVIEW ON 

752
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:37,280
PATHOGENS LIKELY TO CAUSE 

753
00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:38,880
DISEASE IN HUMANS WAS 

754
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:42,840
APPROPRIATE.

755
00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:46,840
HOWEVER, WORK GROUP MEMBERS ARE 

756
00:29:46,840 --> 00:29:50,160
OF THE OPINION IT MAY BE 

757
00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:51,560
CONSIDER POLICIES FOR ADDITIONAL

758
00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:53,720
REVIEW AND OVERSIGHT OF RESEARCH

759
00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:55,800
INVOLVING ENHANCED PATHOGENS 

760
00:29:55,800 --> 00:29:58,000
LIKELY TO POSE SEVERE THREATS TO

761
00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:01,480
HUMAN HEALTH, FOOD SECURITY, 

762
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:02,200
ECONOMIC SECURITY OR NATURAL 

763
00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:04,120
SECURITY BY ITS IMPACTS ON 

764
00:30:04,120 --> 00:30:06,000
ANIMALS OR PLANT OR TO ANIMAL OR

765
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:09,480
PLANT PRODUCTS.

766
00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:10,600
RECOGNIZING THAT SOME ADDITIONAL

767
00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:12,560
INPUTS IN DELIBERATION MAY BE 

768
00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:14,720
NEEDED HERE, WE DO NOT YET FRAME

769
00:30:14,720 --> 00:30:15,280
THIS AS A SPECIFIC DRAFT 

770
00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:25,560
RECOMMENDATION.

771
00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:31,640
SIMILARLY THE INTEGRATION OF 

772
00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:34,600
P3CO AND FRAMEWORKS AS A FINDING

773
00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:36,800
BUT DO NOT FRAME A SPECIFIC 

774
00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:37,360
PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATION.

775
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:40,560
IN OUR REVIEW AND DISCUSSIONS 

776
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:41,440
PARTICULARLY WITH FEDERAL 

777
00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:43,240
FUNDING AGENCIES AND RESEARCH 

778
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:45,680
INSTITUTIONS, IT WAS NOTED 

779
00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:46,600
THERE'S SUBSTANTIVE OVERLAPS 

780
00:30:46,600 --> 00:30:48,640
BETWEEN THE TWO FRAMEWORKS 

781
00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:50,680
INCLUDING INTENT OF OVERSIGHT 

782
00:30:50,680 --> 00:30:51,200
AND ENTITIES INVOLVED IN 

783
00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:55,080
IMPLEMENTING EACH.

784
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:56,880
WHILE THEY ACKNOWLEDGE THE 

785
00:30:56,880 --> 00:30:58,840
REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF 

786
00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:00,360
U.S. GOVERNMENT DURC POLICIES IS

787
00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:02,840
CURRENTLY BEING CONDUCTED BY THE

788
00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:04,560
SECOND WORK GROUP AND THAT 

789
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:07,120
ISSUES OF SCOPE FOR BOTH 

790
00:31:07,120 --> 00:31:09,160
OVERSIGHT FRAME WORKS ARE 

791
00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:14,400
ACTIVELY BEING DELIBERATED, WE 

792
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:16,360
SUPPORT CONSIDERATION OF POLICY 

793
00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:19,080
DIVISIONS INCORPORATING ePPP 

794
00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:21,160
RESEARCH IN THE DURC FRAMEWORK.

795
00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:24,120
IN ADDITION TO IN LINE WITH 

796
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:26,560
RECOMMENDATION 4 AND THE NSABB 

797
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:27,520
2016 REPORT THAT RECOMMENDED 

798
00:31:27,520 --> 00:31:32,680
P3CO BE INCORPORATED INTO 

799
00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:38,080
EXISTING FRAME WORKS WHEN 

800
00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:39,520
POSSIBLE AND DURC OVERSIGHT CAN 

801
00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:40,560
ENHANCE AWARENESS AND 

802
00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:41,840
UNDERSTANDING OF THE ISSUES AS 

803
00:31:41,840 --> 00:31:44,440
WELL AS IMPROVE OVERSIGHT.

804
00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:45,600
HOWEVER, IT REMAINS IMPORTANT 

805
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:49,920
FOR THE PRINCIPLES TO UNDER PIN 

806
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:52,200
MANY OF OUR PRELIMINARY 

807
00:31:52,200 --> 00:31:53,520
RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING P3CO 

808
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:54,800
TO RECEIVE ADEQUATE 

809
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:55,600
CONSIDERATION AND ANY POTENTIAL 

810
00:31:55,600 --> 00:31:57,480
MERGING OF THE FRAME WORKS.

811
00:31:57,480 --> 00:31:58,800
ADDITIONALLY, CARE SHOULD BE 

812
00:31:58,800 --> 00:32:02,840
TAKEN TO ENSURE OVERSIGHT 

813
00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:05,680
PROCESSES AND RISK MITIGATION 

814
00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:10,040
MEASURES COMMENCE WITH THE 

815
00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:11,600
DEGREE OPPOSED TO MINIMIZE 

816
00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:12,400
BURDENS AND IMPACT ON THE 

817
00:32:12,400 --> 00:32:14,800
RESEARCH ENTERPRISE AND LOOKING 

818
00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:16,600
FORWARD TO THE PRESENTATION AND 

819
00:32:16,600 --> 00:32:17,600
DISCUSSION LATER TODAY ON 

820
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,680
GOVERNANCE OF DUAL-USING 

821
00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:22,680
RESEARCH WHERE WE CAN EXPLORE 

822
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:26,560
THE ISSUE SOME MORE.

823
00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:28,200
WITH THAT, ON BEHALF OF THE 

824
00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:29,160
WORKING GROUP I THANK YOU FOR 

825
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:29,920
YOUR ATTENTION.

826
00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:40,480
I'LL HAND IT BACK TO DR. PARKER.

827
00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:56,400
>> WE'LL TURN TO THE
PUBLIC 

828
00:32:56,400 --> 00:32:57,360
COMMENT PORTION OF THE MEETING 

829
00:32:57,360 --> 00:32:58,560
AND A WANT TO THANK IN ADVANCE 

830
00:32:58,560 --> 00:33:00,520
FOR THE PEOPLE WE'LL BE HEARING 

831
00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:02,000
FROM FOR TAKING THE TIME TO 

832
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:04,080
PROVIDE THEIR INPUT.

833
00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:06,320
I'LL HAND THE TO LESLIE WILSON 

834
00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:06,920
MODERATING THIS PORTION OF THE 

835
00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:07,160
MEETING.

836
00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:16,320
THE FLOOR IS YOURS.

837
00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:18,840
>> OUR FIRST PUBLIC
COMMENTER IS

838
00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:21,000
DR. RICHARD EBRIGHT.

839
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:21,920
HAVE YOU THREE MINUTES TO 

840
00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:22,680
PRESENT AND THE TIMER WILL BEGIN

841
00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:30,880
NOW.

842
00:33:30,880 --> 00:33:34,560
>> THE CART OVERSIGHT
RESEARCH 

843
00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:39,920
OF ePPP RESEARCH HAS SIX  

844
00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:40,320
SERIOUS DEFECTS.

845
00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:45,960
THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF OVERSIGHT 

846
00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:48,040
OF POTENTIAL PANDEMIC RESEARCH 

847
00:33:48,040 --> 00:33:53,760
HAS SIX SERIOUS DEFECTS.

848
00:33:53,760 --> 00:33:57,960
MOVING FORWARD ANY EFFECTIVE OF 

849
00:33:57,960 --> 00:33:59,440
OVERSIGHT MUST REMEDY THESE 

850
00:33:59,440 --> 00:33:59,680
DEFECT.

851
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:04,640
FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANT, 

852
00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:06,920
CURREN

853
00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:10,600
CURRENTLY UNFORTUNATELY, I'M 

854
00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:16,640
RECEIVING AN ECHO.

855
00:34:16,640 --> 00:34:19,520
ALMOST NO ePPP RESEARCH UNDER 

856
00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:21,440
GOES THE RISK RESEARCH MANDATED 

857
00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:24,520
BECAUSE FEDERAL FUNDING AGENCIES

858
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:29,880
FAIL TO FORWARD ePPP RESEARCH 

859
00:34:29,880 --> 00:34:31,560
PROJECTS TO THE COMMITTEE FOR 

860
00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:31,840
REVIEW.

861
00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:34,840
IN THE SIX YEARS SINCE 

862
00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:36,120
IMPLEMENTED ONLY THREE ePPP 

863
00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:38,600
PROJECTS UNDERWENT REVIEW BY THE

864
00:34:38,600 --> 00:34:38,880
COMMITTEE.

865
00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:40,480
MOST ePPP PROJECTS INCLUDING THE

866
00:34:40,480 --> 00:34:45,160
PROJECT ON ENHANCED SARS-RELATED

867
00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:48,320
CORONAVIRUSES IN WUHAN THAT 

868
00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:49,280
COULD HAVE TRIGGERED THE 

869
00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:51,200
PANDEMIC WERE NOT FORWARDED AND 

870
00:34:51,200 --> 00:34:54,880
DID NOT UNDER GO REVIEW BY THE 

871
00:34:54,880 --> 00:34:56,640
P3CO COMMITTEE.

872
00:34:56,640 --> 00:34:57,360
ALL ePPP RESEARCH SHOULD UNDER 

873
00:34:57,360 --> 00:35:02,320
GO THE RISK BENEFIT REVIEW 

874
00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:05,840
MANDATED AND ALL PROJECTS 

875
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:06,920
AUTOMATICALLY AND WITHOUT 

876
00:35:06,920 --> 00:35:09,160
EXCEPTION SHOULD BE REVIEWED BY 

877
00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:10,560
THE ePPP COMMITTEE.

878
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:12,320
SECONDLY, OVERSIGHT OF ePPP 

879
00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:13,840
RESEARCH COVERS ONLY RESEARCH 

880
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:15,440
INSTITUTIONS THAT RECEIVE 

881
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:16,560
FEDERAL FUNDING.

882
00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:19,040
RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS THAT DO 

883
00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:22,360
NOT RECEIVE FEDERAL FUNDING ARE 

884
00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:22,840
NOT COVERED.

885
00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,880
BY RECOMMENDATION, OVERSIGHT OF 

886
00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:27,440
ePPP RESEARCH SHOULD COVER ALL 

887
00:35:27,440 --> 00:35:28,520
INSTITUTIONS IRRESPECTIVE OF 

888
00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:29,480
FUNDING SOURCE.

889
00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:30,840
THIRD, CURRENTLY THERE ARE NO 

890
00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:31,920
REGULATIONS WITH FORCE OF LAW 

891
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:35,840
FOR OVERSIGHT OF ePPP RESEARCH.

892
00:35:35,840 --> 00:35:37,120
DECISIONS OF THE ePPP COMMITTEE 

893
00:35:37,120 --> 00:35:38,120
ARE NOT BINDING AND COMPLIANCE 

894
00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:42,080
IS NOT MANDATED, MONITORED OR 

895
00:35:42,080 --> 00:35:42,320
ENFORCED.

896
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:44,040
MY RECOMMENDATION OVERSIGHT OF 

897
00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:46,120
ePPP RESEARCH SHOULD BE CODIFIED

898
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:47,680
IN REGULATIONS WITH FORCE OF LAW

899
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:48,280
AND MANDATED, MONITORED AND 

900
00:35:48,280 --> 00:35:51,600
ENFORCED.

901
00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:53,280
FOURTH, CURRENTLY THE P3CO 

902
00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:55,240
COMMITTEE OPERATES WITH COMPLETE

903
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:57,600
NON-TRANSPARENCY AND COMPLETE 

904
00:35:57,600 --> 00:35:58,000
UNACCOUNTABILITY.

905
00:35:58,000 --> 00:35:59,200
THE NAMES AND ACTION 

906
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:00,960
AFFILIATIONS OF ITS MEMBERS HAVE

907
00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:03,760
NOT BEEN DISCLOSED AND 

908
00:36:03,760 --> 00:36:04,600
PROCEEDINGS HAVE NOT BEEN 

909
00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:05,520
DISCLOSED AND DECISIONS 

910
00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:06,600
NOT CLOSED.

911
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:08,200
MY RECOMMENDATION, OVERSIGHT OF 

912
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:09,760
ePPP RESEARCH SHOULD BE 

913
00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:11,760
TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE.

914
00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:14,840
FIFTH, CURRENTLY RISK BENEFIT 

915
00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:16,480
REVIEW OF ePPP RESEARCH EXCLUDE 

916
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:17,480
REPRESENTATION FROM THE PUBLIC 

917
00:36:17,480 --> 00:36:19,560
DESPITE THE FACT THE RISKS AND 

918
00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:20,280
BENEFITS OF ePPP RESEARCH 

919
00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:22,560
DIRECTLY IMPACT THE PUBLIC 

920
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,640
CLEARLY MAKING THE PUBLIC A 

921
00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:25,920
STAKEHOLDER.

922
00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,040
MY RECOMMENDATION, OVERSIGHT OF 

923
00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:28,800
ePPP RESEARCH SHOULD INCLUDE 

924
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:30,680
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PUBLIC.

925
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:33,240
SIXTH CURRENTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR 

926
00:36:33,240 --> 00:36:35,720
OVERSIGHT OF ePPP RESEARCH IS 

927
00:36:35,720 --> 00:36:38,920
ASSIGNED TO FEDERAL FUNDING 

928
00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:42,160
AGENCIES THAT PERFORM FUND AND 

929
00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,120
FUND RESEARCH THAT CONSTITUTES 

930
00:36:44,120 --> 00:36:46,240
AN INHERENT CONFLICT OF 

931
00:36:46,240 --> 00:36:46,480
INTEREST.

932
00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:47,120
MY RECOMMENDATION OVERSIGHT 

933
00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:49,920
SHOULD BE ASSIGNED TO A SINGLE 

934
00:36:49,920 --> 00:36:51,440
INDEPENDENT FEDERAL AGENCY THAT 

935
00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:52,040
DOES NOT PERFORM RESEARCH AND 

936
00:36:52,040 --> 00:36:55,200
DOES NOT FUND RESEARCH.

937
00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:58,560
THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO

938
00:36:58,560 --> 00:36:59,200
COMMENT.

939
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,040
>> THANK YOU, DR. E
BRIGHT.

940
00:37:02,040 --> 00:37:06,360
THE NEXT PUBLIC COMMENTER IS MS.

941
00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:11,960
ANNA PABRISI.

942
00:37:11,960 --> 00:37:13,280
>> I'D LIKE TO THANK THE 

943
00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:16,680
ADVISORY BOARD FOR ALLOWING ME 

944
00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:20,920
TO ADDRESS YOU.

945
00:37:20,920 --> 00:37:26,480
I'M AT GEORGETOWN SECURITY FOR 

946
00:37:26,480 --> 00:37:27,840
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY.

947
00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:32,920
WE PROVIDE NON-PARTISAN ANALYSIS

948
00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:35,600
AND GIVEN THE RECOMMENDATIONS ON

949
00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:38,840
BIOSECURITY OVERSIGHT, YOU KNOW 

950
00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:39,960
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN BIO TECH 

951
00:37:39,960 --> 00:37:41,880
CREATE OPPORTUNITIES AND THE 

952
00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:43,240
ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH PUSH 

953
00:37:43,240 --> 00:37:44,680
SOCIETAL NORMS AND INTRODUCE 

954
00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,840
RISKS THROUGH THE EXPLORATION OF

955
00:37:47,840 --> 00:37:48,640
DIFFERENT FUNCTIONALITIES NEW 

956
00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:54,320
USE OF ANIMAL MODELS AND 

957
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:54,600
ACCIDENTS.

958
00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:56,280
DIFFERENCES IN REGULATIONS CAN 

959
00:37:56,280 --> 00:37:58,520
LEAD TO ETHICAL ASYMMETRIES AND 

960
00:37:58,520 --> 00:38:00,920
RESEARCH IN ONE REGION COULD BE 

961
00:38:00,920 --> 00:38:04,600
EXPLORED IN ANOTHER AND WOULD 

962
00:38:04,600 --> 00:38:06,320
POTENTIALLY AFFECT THE ADOPTION 

963
00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:09,960
OF TECHNOLOGY AND OFF-SHORING OF

964
00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:10,840
BIO-INDUSTRY TO THE U.S. FOR 

965
00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:12,440
THOSE IMPACTING 

966
00:38:12,440 --> 00:38:13,160
U.S. COMPETITIVENESS AND 

967
00:38:13,160 --> 00:38:16,200
INCREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF 

968
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:16,440
MISUSE.

969
00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:17,160
UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT 

970
00:38:17,160 --> 00:38:18,520
LANDSCAPE OF THE RESEARCH THAT 

971
00:38:18,520 --> 00:38:19,800
IS CONSIDERED RISKY SIN SOME 

972
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:22,640
WAYS FINDING THE NEEDLE IN THE 

973
00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:25,280
HAYSTACK BUT WE OFTEN DON'T HAVE

974
00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:26,800
THE HAYSTACK.

975
00:38:26,800 --> 00:38:29,080
THERE'S A NASCENT EFFORT 

976
00:38:29,080 --> 00:38:33,680
FOCUSSED ON CHARACTERIZING AND 

977
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:34,280
MAPPING RESEARCH AND DUAL-USE 

978
00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:37,240
RESEARCH OF CONCERN GLOBALLY.

979
00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:39,640
WE WANT TO USE CAPABILITIES TO 

980
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:41,920
CREATE A MULTI-LAYERED SET OF 

981
00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:43,480
SIGNALS TO DETECT AND UNDERSTAND

982
00:38:43,480 --> 00:38:46,560
RISKY RESEARCH INCLUDING GAIN OF

983
00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:47,760
FUNCTION EXPERIMENTS, PATHOGENS 

984
00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:49,320
OF PANDEMIC POTENTIAL AND THE 

985
00:38:49,320 --> 00:38:52,600
USE OF ANIMAL MODELS, LAB 

986
00:38:52,600 --> 00:38:56,400
INFRASTRUCTURE AND GENOMIC DATA.

987
00:38:56,400 --> 00:38:57,920
WE BELIEVE UNDERSTANDING WHICH 

988
00:38:57,920 --> 00:38:58,880
GAIN OF FUNCTION IS BEING 

989
00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:00,040
EXPLORED BY WHOM AND WHERE AND 

990
00:39:00,040 --> 00:39:02,400
HOW IT'S CHANGING OVER TIME IS 

991
00:39:02,400 --> 00:39:03,800
CREATING THAT HAYSTACK FOR 

992
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:04,680
DECISION MAKERS.

993
00:39:04,680 --> 00:39:06,920
THIS IS A FOUNDATION FOR 

994
00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:08,280
UNDERSTANDING THE POTENTIAL 

995
00:39:08,280 --> 00:39:10,240
ANOMALIES IN RESEARCH AND 

996
00:39:10,240 --> 00:39:10,520
DEVELOPMENT.

997
00:39:10,520 --> 00:39:11,920
ONE ASPECT OF OUR EFFORTS I WANT

998
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:15,720
TO PLAYING FOR THE BOARD IS OR 

999
00:39:15,720 --> 00:39:18,360
YOUR ON PATHOGENS OF PANDEMIC 

1000
00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:20,360
POTENTIAL AND LOOK AT 

1001
00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:21,440
RESPIRATORY FAMILY RESEARCH 

1002
00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:21,640
WORLD.

1003
00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:22,840
FOR THIS PROJECT, WE 

1004
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:26,000
INVESTIGATED THE RESEARCH AND 

1005
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:26,880
DEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE USING THE 

1006
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:30,480
OPEN SOURCE DATA HOLDINGS.

1007
00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:32,920
WE EXAMINED CLINICAL TRIALS AND 

1008
00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:34,920
MEDICAL COUNTER MEASURES AND 

1009
00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,080
FURTHER ANALYZED BY COUNTRY AND 

1010
00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:38,520
EXAMINED TRENDS IN RESEARCH AND 

1011
00:39:38,520 --> 00:39:40,560
DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME.

1012
00:39:40,560 --> 00:39:44,000
WE'RE HAPPY TO PROVIDE 

1013
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:44,640
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE 

1014
00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:46,840
BOARD AND WILL BE HOLDING A 

1015
00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:49,880
WEBINAR TOMORROW ON OUR WORK ON 

1016
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:50,840
PATHOGENS OF PANDEMIC POTENTIAL.

1017
00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:51,520
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1018
00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:53,000
>> THANK YOU.

1019
00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:53,760
THAT ENDS OUR PUBLIC COMMENT FOR

1020
00:39:53,760 --> 00:40:02,000
THIS MEETING.

1021
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:03,200
>> THANK YOU, MS. WILSON.

1022
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:08,400
I'LL TAKE THE MIC BACK.

1023
00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:11,960
NOW, WE HAVE TIME FOR OPEN 

1024
00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:21,280
DISCUSSION BY THE NSABB MEMBERS.

1025
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:22,960
ANY THOUGHTS, COMMENTS FROM 

1026
00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:26,880
MEMBERS ON THE NSABB AND PLEASE 

1027
00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:37,280
USE YOUR HAND FUNCTION.

1028
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:49,320
I'M NOT SEEING ANY HANDS.

1029
00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:06,520
>> I WANTED TO EMPHASIZE
THAT 

1030
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:08,320
SOME OF THE COMMENTS WE HAVE 

1031
00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:10,560
SEEN AS A RESULT OF THE 

1032
00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:11,840
RECOMMENDATIONS, CONCLUSIONS, 

1033
00:41:11,840 --> 00:41:14,160
ARE BROADER THAN THE REMIT OF 

1034
00:41:14,160 --> 00:41:16,160
THIS PART OF THE WORKING GROUP.

1035
00:41:16,160 --> 00:41:18,200
SO FOR THOSE OF YOU OUT THERE 

1036
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:23,760
THAT THINK WE JUST MISSED THINGS

1037
00:41:23,760 --> 00:41:28,920
LIKE IS THE OVER ALL 

1038
00:41:28,920 --> 00:41:29,520
ORGANIZATION OF THE 

1039
00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:34,000
U.S. GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN 

1040
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:35,440
INVOLVEMENT AND FUNDING OF 

1041
00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:36,400
CONTROL OR OVERSIGHT OF 

1042
00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:37,840
INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE NOT FUNDED

1043
00:41:37,840 --> 00:41:39,120
BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, WE HAVE 

1044
00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:42,200
NOT FORGOTTEN ABOUT THOSE.

1045
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:43,240
THOSE ARE ON THE AGENDA AND 

1046
00:41:43,240 --> 00:41:46,200
WE'RE GOING TO DEAL WITH ALL OF 

1047
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,160
THEM OVER THE NEXT THREE MONTHS 

1048
00:41:49,160 --> 00:41:50,840
OR AS WE RAMP UP THE SECOND HALF

1049
00:41:50,840 --> 00:41:53,960
OF THIS STUDY ON USING DURC AND 

1050
00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:56,320
THEN TRYING TO COMBINE THEIR 

1051
00:41:56,320 --> 00:41:59,640
CONCLUSIONS WITH THE CONCLUSIONS

1052
00:41:59,640 --> 00:42:02,880
OF DR. PARKER'S AND DR. MADAD'S 

1053
00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:06,920
WORKING GROUP HERE.

1054
00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:14,440
SO WE'RE ALSO CONCERNED ABOUT 

1055
00:42:14,440 --> 00:42:16,520
THE FACT IF WE OVERREGULATE IN 

1056
00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:18,840
THE UNITED STATES ALL WE'LL DO 

1057
00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:21,440
IS PUSH NON-REGULATED RESEARCH 

1058
00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:22,720
OVERSEAS AND WE HAVE TO DEAL 

1059
00:42:22,720 --> 00:42:25,040
WITH THAT ISSUE.

1060
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:26,840
THE OTHER HAS BEEN MENTIONED 

1061
00:42:26,840 --> 00:42:32,160
JUST NOW IS THAT WE HAVE TO DEAL

1062
00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:40,560
WITH THE PROBLEM OF DOMESTIC 

1063
00:42:40,560 --> 00:42:43,680
RESEARCH NOT FUNDED BY THE 

1064
00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:44,200
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND 

1065
00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:46,600
RECOMMENDATION TO DEAL WITH THAT

1066
00:42:46,600 --> 00:42:48,200
WOULD BE MOST APPRECIATED.

1067
00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:53,920
WE SAY ONE THING, THERE'S A 

1068
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:58,480
PANDEMIC TREATY THAT'S GOING TO 

1069
00:42:58,480 --> 00:43:00,520
BE GENERATED IN GENEVA AND AS 

1070
00:43:00,520 --> 00:43:01,440
PARTS OF THAT THERE'S INTEREST 

1071
00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:06,920
IN HAVING A SECTION IN THAT 

1072
00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:09,400
TREATY THAT INVOLVES BEST 

1073
00:43:09,400 --> 00:43:10,560
PRACTICES REGARDING ePPP AND 

1074
00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:12,160
OTHER POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS 

1075
00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:12,400
RESEARCH.

1076
00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:19,600
I THINK IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 

1077
00:43:19,600 --> 00:43:24,480
FOREIGN POLICY DEPARTMENTS AND A

1078
00:43:24,480 --> 00:43:28,880
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENTS TO COME TO

1079
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:32,240
AGREEMENT ON THIS LEVEL AND A 

1080
00:43:32,240 --> 00:43:33,480
POLICY STATEMENT GET INVOLVED IN

1081
00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:34,680
THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY OF THE 

1082
00:43:34,680 --> 00:43:37,000
PANDEMIC TREATY THAT'S CURRENTLY

1083
00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:38,840
BEING NEGOTIATED IN GENEVA.

1084
00:43:38,840 --> 00:43:42,840
WITH THAT I'LL STOP.

1085
00:43:42,840 --> 00:43:44,720
>> THANK YOU, DR. BERNARD.

1086
00:43:44,720 --> 00:43:46,040
THANK YOU FOR BRINGING THAT UP.

1087
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:48,440
IT'S IMPORTANT FOR EVERYBODY TO 

1088
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:49,560
REALIZE WHAT OUR SCOPE IS AND 

1089
00:43:49,560 --> 00:43:50,840
WHERE OUR SCOPE IS NOT AND OUR 

1090
00:43:50,840 --> 00:43:56,440
SCOPE IS PRETTY FOCUSSED ON THE 

1091
00:43:56,440 --> 00:43:59,720
TWO POLICIES P3CO AND DURC.

1092
00:43:59,720 --> 00:44:06,480
NOT THE OVER ALL COMPREHENSIVE 

1093
00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:07,680
BIOSAFETY, BIOSECURITY FRAMEWORK

1094
00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:09,120
IN THE UNITED STATES AND IT FITS

1095
00:44:09,120 --> 00:44:11,640
IN THE BIGGER FRAMEWORK BUT IT'S

1096
00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:13,240
ONE PART OF THAT FRAMEWORK AND 

1097
00:44:13,240 --> 00:44:16,480
IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THE 

1098
00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:18,600
WORKING GROUP IS STILL -- THIS 

1099
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:21,000
IS JUST OUR PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

1100
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:22,600
AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND WE STILL

1101
00:44:22,600 --> 00:44:26,840
HAVE BIG ISSUE TO GRAPPLE WITH 

1102
00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:28,600
WHILE WORKING GROUP 2 IN DURC 

1103
00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:30,840
HAS BEGUN THEIR WORK AND AT SOME

1104
00:44:30,840 --> 00:44:32,400
TIME THE TWO WILL COME TOGETHER 

1105
00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:34,760
AS WE CONTINUE TO WORK ON THIS.

1106
00:44:34,760 --> 00:44:45,000
DR. DENNISON.

1107
00:44:53,400 --> 00:44:58,600
>> I FIND IT INTERESTING
THERE'S

1108
00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:04,320
AN AGREEMENT AND THERE'S 

1109
00:45:04,320 --> 00:45:05,480
PUBLICATIONS AS WELL POTENTIAL 

1110
00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:09,720
TO REPRESENT POTENTIAL PANDEMIC 

1111
00:45:09,720 --> 00:45:11,600
PATHOGEN OR ePPP RESEARCH.

1112
00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:13,600
THERE'S A METHODOLOGY SINCE 

1113
00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:17,440
WE'RE STRUGGLING WITH WHAT THOSE

1114
00:45:17,440 --> 00:45:18,440
SHOULD BE.

1115
00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:21,040
THAT PERHAPS PRESENTS AN 

1116
00:45:21,040 --> 00:45:22,600
OFF-WORRY CONCERN THERE MAY BE 

1117
00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:25,160
INDEPENDENT LISTINGS OF THINGS 

1118
00:45:25,160 --> 00:45:27,920
CONSIDERED TO BE OF CONCERN AND 

1119
00:45:27,920 --> 00:45:32,600
OF POTENTIAL FOR ANY KIND OF 

1120
00:45:32,600 --> 00:45:34,280
EFFECT ON THE INVESTIGATORS TO 

1121
00:45:34,280 --> 00:45:35,440
FOLLOW RESEARCH.

1122
00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:38,840
A COUPLE THINGS THAT HAVE COME 

1123
00:45:38,840 --> 00:45:42,880
UP IN THE COMMENTS RELATED ALSO 

1124
00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:48,120
THE ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH 

1125
00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:49,640
PUBLISHING BIO INFORMATICS 

1126
00:45:49,640 --> 00:45:58,600
ANALYSES AND THE IMPACT OF THE 

1127
00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:00,360
PUBLICATION.

1128
00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:01,880
I ALSO DIDN'T HEAR COMMENTS AND 

1129
00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:05,960
ISSUES OR COMMENTS ASSOCIATED 

1130
00:46:05,960 --> 00:46:08,120
WITH REALLY HOW WE TRULY DEFINE 

1131
00:46:08,120 --> 00:46:09,720
RISK AND BENEFIT AND AS I LISTEN

1132
00:46:09,720 --> 00:46:12,200
TO MORE AND MORE COMMENTS I HEAR

1133
00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:13,800
RISK BEING SOMETHING THAT IS 

1134
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:15,280
BEING VIEWED AS ANYTHING THAT 

1135
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:20,840
MIGHT HAPPEN POTENTIALLY AND 

1136
00:46:20,840 --> 00:46:24,840
BENEFIT HAVING TO BE PROOF AND 

1137
00:46:24,840 --> 00:46:26,480
GO TO SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND IN

1138
00:46:26,480 --> 00:46:28,760
WHAT KINDS OF THINGS WOULD BE 

1139
00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:34,760
INCLUDED IF WE INCLUDE SUCH A 

1140
00:46:34,760 --> 00:46:36,040
BROAD BRUSH.

1141
00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:38,280
FINALLY, ONE COMMENT, THERE'S NO

1142
00:46:38,280 --> 00:46:40,760
DATA THAT SUPPORTS THAT THE 

1143
00:46:40,760 --> 00:46:41,640
U.S.-GOVERNMENT FUNDED RESEARCH 

1144
00:46:41,640 --> 00:46:44,360
LED TO THE PATHOGEN RESULTING IN

1145
00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:45,280
THE PANDEMIC.

1146
00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:50,720
I'M SURE THAT WAS UNINTENDED BUT

1147
00:46:50,720 --> 00:46:51,480
THAT'S IMPORTANT TO CORRECT.

1148
00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:57,320
I JUST WANT TO SUPPORT THAT.

1149
00:46:57,320 --> 00:46:58,760
>> THANK YOU.

1150
00:46:58,760 --> 00:46:59,600
DR. LEVINSON.

1151
00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:02,760
>> IT'S USEFUL TO REPORT
TO THE 

1152
00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:04,560
BOARD AND THOSE LISTENING A 

1153
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:05,400
NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS THE 

1154
00:47:05,400 --> 00:47:08,120
WORKING GROUP WERE ABLE TO PUT 

1155
00:47:08,120 --> 00:47:10,440
IN WRITING STEMMED FROM 

1156
00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:11,520
DISCUSSIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS 

1157
00:47:11,520 --> 00:47:13,400
AND THOSE AFFECTED BY THE 

1158
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:14,840
REVIEWS THEY UNDERWENT FOR 

1159
00:47:14,840 --> 00:47:21,360
RESEARCH AND HOPED TO CONDUCT.

1160
00:47:21,360 --> 00:47:23,280
THERE'S CONCERN ABOUT THE 

1161
00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:24,760
POTENTIAL FOR NEW POLICY CHANGES

1162
00:47:24,760 --> 00:47:27,360
AND ONES WE HAVE IN PLACE TO 

1163
00:47:27,360 --> 00:47:29,120
IMPACT THE RESEARCH WE FEEL AND 

1164
00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:30,840
EVERYONE FEELS IS IMPORTANT FOR 

1165
00:47:30,840 --> 00:47:35,800
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY.

1166
00:47:35,800 --> 00:47:40,760
AS A RESULT WE HEARD THE 

1167
00:47:40,760 --> 00:47:42,800
GUIDANCE WAS HELPFUL AND THE 

1168
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:44,400
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND THE 

1169
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:46,200
ROLLOUT AND THE MEASURES IN 

1170
00:47:46,200 --> 00:47:48,600
PLACE TO PROVIDE SUPPORT TO 

1171
00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:49,640
RESEARCHERS WHO ARE CONSIDERING 

1172
00:47:49,640 --> 00:47:52,040
RESEARCH AND THOSE APPLYING FOR 

1173
00:47:52,040 --> 00:47:53,920
FUNDING SHOULD BE TURNED OVER TO

1174
00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:55,320
THE P3CO COMMUNITY.

1175
00:47:55,320 --> 00:47:57,360
AND THAT IS REFLECTED IN OUR 

1176
00:47:57,360 --> 00:47:58,680
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

1177
00:47:58,680 --> 00:48:01,560
WE MIGHT ALSO WANT TO CONSIDER 

1178
00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:03,440
THE POSSIBILITY THAT WE HAVE 

1179
00:48:03,440 --> 00:48:06,760
SOME PROCESS IN THE ROLLOUT AND 

1180
00:48:06,760 --> 00:48:08,720
IS LIKE A PHASE 4 REVIEW WHERE 

1181
00:48:08,720 --> 00:48:11,680
WE LOOK PERIODICALLY AT THE 

1182
00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:13,880
IMPACT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE 

1183
00:48:13,880 --> 00:48:14,520
REGULATIONS WITH THE OVERSIGHT 

1184
00:48:14,520 --> 00:48:18,440
POLICY OVER ALL.

1185
00:48:18,440 --> 00:48:20,840
AND TRY WITHOUT IMPOSING GREATER

1186
00:48:20,840 --> 00:48:22,640
BURDEN THROWN REGULATED 

1187
00:48:22,640 --> 00:48:24,160
COMMUNITY BUT TRYING TO GATHER 

1188
00:48:24,160 --> 00:48:25,960
INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT THE 

1189
00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:28,800
IMPACT IS SO WE UNDERSTAND HOW 

1190
00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:31,240
TO IMPROVE THE OVERSIGHT PROCESS

1191
00:48:31,240 --> 00:48:36,240
AND PERHAPS BETTER DEFINE OR 

1192
00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:38,840
CHANGE OVER TIME AS NECESSARY WE

1193
00:48:38,840 --> 00:48:40,160
HAVE PROVIDED THE IDEA THAT 

1194
00:48:40,160 --> 00:48:41,640
THERE SHOULD BE UPDATES BUT OVER

1195
00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:43,560
AND BEYOND THAT, WHAT WILL 

1196
00:48:43,560 --> 00:48:44,520
INFORM THOSE UPDATES?

1197
00:48:44,520 --> 00:48:45,720
HOW DO WE LOOK FORWARD?

1198
00:48:45,720 --> 00:48:48,120
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT RESEARCH IS 

1199
00:48:48,120 --> 00:48:50,480
GOING TO BE GOING ON IN FIVE, 

1200
00:48:50,480 --> 00:48:51,600
10, 20 YEARS.

1201
00:48:51,600 --> 00:48:54,840
THAT PERHAPS SHOULD BE BUILT IN,

1202
00:48:54,840 --> 00:48:57,200
IN A WAY TO REFLECT WHAT THE 

1203
00:48:57,200 --> 00:48:58,040
COMMUNITY IS FEELING AND WHAT 

1204
00:48:58,040 --> 00:49:02,880
THEIR SUGGESTIONS WOULD BE.

1205
00:49:02,880 --> 00:49:03,480
>> THANK YOU.

1206
00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:05,960
THAT WAS SOMETHING THAT WAS 

1207
00:49:05,960 --> 00:49:08,360
DISCUSSED IN 2016 WITH THE NSABB

1208
00:49:08,360 --> 00:49:10,280
REVIEW BOARD.

1209
00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:10,800
DR. EGEN.

1210
00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:13,480
>> THANK YOU AND GREAT
WORK BY 

1211
00:49:13,480 --> 00:49:16,800
THIS WORKING GROUP.

1212
00:49:16,800 --> 00:49:18,640
MY COMMENT ALSO INVOLVES THE 

1213
00:49:18,640 --> 00:49:20,240
FOURTH RECOMMENDATION WHICH I 

1214
00:49:20,240 --> 00:49:24,200
THINK IS A GREAT IDEA ABOUT THE 

1215
00:49:24,200 --> 00:49:25,240
COMPANION GUIDE SIMILAR TO 

1216
00:49:25,240 --> 00:49:25,600
ANOTHER COMMENT.

1217
00:49:25,600 --> 00:49:28,320
I WAS WONDERING IF THE WORKING 

1218
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:33,520
GROUP HAD CONSIDERED OR IS 

1219
00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:35,640
PLANNING ON INCLUDING AS PART OF

1220
00:49:35,640 --> 00:49:40,800
THIS DOCUMENTATION ON THE ACTUAL

1221
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:47,160
APPLICATION FORMS AND PROGRESS 

1222
00:49:47,160 --> 00:49:48,680
REPORTS ABOUT ANY POTENTIAL PPPs

1223
00:49:48,680 --> 00:49:49,640
IF THAT WAS DISCUSSED.

1224
00:49:49,640 --> 00:49:54,200
>> I THINK OUR THINKING
AND I 

1225
00:49:54,200 --> 00:49:58,160
THINK ONE OF THE THINGS WE HEARD

1226
00:49:58,160 --> 00:49:59,920
IS ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE AT ALL 

1227
00:49:59,920 --> 00:50:05,240
LEVELS WAS NEEDED AND HOW THAT 

1228
00:50:05,240 --> 00:50:07,200
GUIDANCE HAVING A CHECKLIST MAY 

1229
00:50:07,200 --> 00:50:10,880
BE NECESSARY AND ALSO NOT 

1230
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:11,200
SUFFICIENT.

1231
00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:14,040
I THINK MORE WORK NEEDS TO BE 

1232
00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:15,880
DONE TO ACTUALLY FLUSH OUT WHAT 

1233
00:50:15,880 --> 00:50:18,240
THE ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE WOULD 

1234
00:50:18,240 --> 00:50:22,800
LOOK LIKE AND WHAT IS NEEDED AND

1235
00:50:22,800 --> 00:50:26,480
SOME WILL BE INHERENTLY IN THE 

1236
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:26,920
IMPLEMENTATION THE 

1237
00:50:26,920 --> 00:50:30,720
U.S. GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO DO AND 

1238
00:50:30,720 --> 00:50:32,520
THE NSABB ADVISES AND THE DURC 

1239
00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:34,800
GUIDANCE WAS HELPFUL AND I THINK

1240
00:50:34,800 --> 00:50:37,200
WE KNEW THAT BEFORE WE BEGAN THE

1241
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:37,440
PROCESS.

1242
00:50:37,440 --> 00:50:39,440
IT NEEDS TO BE ANALOGOUS TO A 

1243
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:41,960
SIMILAR PROCESS FOR THE P3CO AND

1244
00:50:41,960 --> 00:50:42,520
PROBABLY MORE THAN JUST 

1245
00:50:42,520 --> 00:50:46,960
COMPANION GUIDANCE AS WELL.

1246
00:50:46,960 --> 00:50:48,480
MARK.

1247
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:50,080
>> THAT'S AN IMPORTANT
COMMENT.

1248
00:50:50,080 --> 00:50:51,440
I SPEND TIME THINKING ABOUT 

1249
00:50:51,440 --> 00:50:52,800
THOSE ISSUES.

1250
00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:56,160
ONE WAS THE ISSUE OF GETTING 

1251
00:50:56,160 --> 00:50:58,800
PAST PEER REVIEW AND TRYING TO 

1252
00:50:58,800 --> 00:51:02,480
BE SCIENTIFIC AND VALID AND 

1253
00:51:02,480 --> 00:51:03,600
FEASIBLE AND DOABLE.

1254
00:51:03,600 --> 00:51:05,880
AND WHERE YOU INSTITUTE THAT IS 

1255
00:51:05,880 --> 00:51:08,800
ALSO AN ISSUE FOR NUMBER ONE, I 

1256
00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:13,400
THINK THE SCIENTIFIC IDEAS, VERY

1257
00:51:13,400 --> 00:51:14,640
EARLY SCIENTIFIC IDEAS SOMETIMES

1258
00:51:14,640 --> 00:51:15,840
MAYBE ONES THAT DON'T HAVE MERIT

1259
00:51:15,840 --> 00:51:16,640
AND SOME THAT HAVE MERIT AND 

1260
00:51:16,640 --> 00:51:20,480
THIN REVIEW IT.

1261
00:51:20,480 --> 00:51:22,080
I THINK WE'RE STILL OPEN IN THE 

1262
00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:28,120
CONCEPT BUT WE WERE -- I WILL 

1263
00:51:28,120 --> 00:51:30,840
SAY CAUTIOUS ABOUT THE 

1264
00:51:30,840 --> 00:51:33,680
RECOMMENDATION FOR 

1265
00:51:33,680 --> 00:51:37,640
PRE-SUBMISSION REVIEW THINKING 

1266
00:51:37,640 --> 00:51:48,160
ABOUT THE HERCULEAN TASK AND 

1267
00:51:54,800 --> 00:51:56,760
THIS COULD BE CHANNELLED WITH A 

1268
00:51:56,760 --> 00:51:59,520
GRANT CONSIDERED TO BE 

1269
00:51:59,520 --> 00:52:00,880
MERITORIOUS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC 

1270
00:52:00,880 --> 00:52:01,200
PERSPECTIVE.

1271
00:52:01,200 --> 00:52:03,920
WE DID SPEND TIME ON THAT.

1272
00:52:03,920 --> 00:52:10,800
>> EVEN I THINK IN THE
LISTENING

1273
00:52:10,800 --> 00:52:21,000
SESSION -- 

1274
00:52:37,680 --> 00:52:40,160
>> WE HAD ONGOING RESEARCH
AND I

1275
00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:46,400
SAW DR. EBRIGHT'S COMMENTS WERE 

1276
00:52:46,400 --> 00:52:55,120
FOCUSSED A LOT ON THE P3CO AN 

1277
00:52:55,120 --> 00:52:59,160
TALKED ABOUT THE PATHOGEN USE ON

1278
00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:00,680
AN ONGOING BASIS SHOULD BE AT 

1279
00:53:00,680 --> 00:53:02,760
THE LOCAL LEVEL AND WOULD HELP 

1280
00:53:02,760 --> 00:53:07,480
THE INVESTIGATOR UNDERSTAND THE 

1281
00:53:07,480 --> 00:53:15,880
PROCESS AND POTENTIAL MITIGATION

1282
00:53:15,880 --> 00:53:17,120
STEPS AND THAT WAS A 

1283
00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:18,080
RECOMMENDATION AND I WANTED TO 

1284
00:53:18,080 --> 00:53:22,800
POINT OUT THAT WOULD BE A CHANGE

1285
00:53:22,800 --> 00:53:26,840
IN THE CURRENT POLICY AND THE 

1286
00:53:26,840 --> 00:53:28,920
LOCAL GUIDANCE ON HOW TO DO THAT

1287
00:53:28,920 --> 00:53:30,280
AND OVERSIGHT TO ENSURE THEY ARE

1288
00:53:30,280 --> 00:53:36,600
DOING THAT.

1289
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:38,640
>> THERE WAS DISCUSSION
AND WE 

1290
00:53:38,640 --> 00:53:40,800
HEARD IT IN THE LISTENING 

1291
00:53:40,800 --> 00:53:44,440
SESSION, THE PUBLIC LISTENING 

1292
00:53:44,440 --> 00:53:46,280
SESSIONS HOW DO YOU COUPLE 

1293
00:53:46,280 --> 00:53:47,160
GUIDANCE WITH ACCOUNTABILITY 

1294
00:53:47,160 --> 00:53:49,680
WITH A COMPREHENSIVE OVERSIGHT 

1295
00:53:49,680 --> 00:53:52,120
AND ONGOING IS AN OPERATIVE WORD

1296
00:53:52,120 --> 00:53:54,840
AS WELL WE PICKED UP ON IN OUR 

1297
00:53:54,840 --> 00:53:59,640
DISCUSSIONS AND REVIEWS SO IT'S 

1298
00:53:59,640 --> 00:54:09,840
A TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP AND 

1299
00:54:09,840 --> 00:54:10,840
THEY KNOW BEST THEIR 

1300
00:54:10,840 --> 00:54:12,720
CAPABILITIES AND HOW TO ENHANCE 

1301
00:54:12,720 --> 00:54:14,840
THE CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY IN

1302
00:54:14,840 --> 00:54:16,800
THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND 

1303
00:54:16,800 --> 00:54:17,680
LABORATORIES.

1304
00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:21,680
LABORATORY LEADERSHIP IS 

1305
00:54:21,680 --> 00:54:24,000
ESSENTIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL 

1306
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,280
LEADERSHIP AND TOP-DOWN GUIDANCE

1307
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:28,800
AND OVERSIGHT IS ESSENTIAL AS 

1308
00:54:28,800 --> 00:54:29,320
WELL.

1309
00:54:29,320 --> 00:54:30,880
I DON'T REMEMBER IF ALEX OR 

1310
00:54:30,880 --> 00:54:33,600
KENNETH WAS FIRST BUT I'LL GO TO

1311
00:54:33,600 --> 00:54:34,240
ALEX FIRST SINCE YOU'VE ALREADY 

1312
00:54:34,240 --> 00:54:41,720
TALKED, KEN.

1313
00:54:41,720 --> 00:54:42,720
>> THANK YOU, MY COMMENTS 

1314
00:54:42,720 --> 00:54:44,680
FOLLOW-UP ON WHAT WAS SAID.

1315
00:54:44,680 --> 00:54:46,040
IT'S IMPORTANT TO SAY WE HAD HAD

1316
00:54:46,040 --> 00:54:46,840
THAT DISCUSSION ABOUT THE 

1317
00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:50,840
IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL OVERSIGHT 

1318
00:54:50,840 --> 00:54:52,200
AND MAKING SURE THAT LOCAL 

1319
00:54:52,200 --> 00:54:53,560
REVIEW AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT 

1320
00:54:53,560 --> 00:54:54,840
CAPABILITIES IS INCLUDED IN THE 

1321
00:54:54,840 --> 00:54:57,000
REVIEW OF THESE PROPOSALS BUT 

1322
00:54:57,000 --> 00:55:00,560
IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TO SAY 

1323
00:55:00,560 --> 00:55:02,400
UNLIKE OTHER RESEARCH THAT'S 

1324
00:55:02,400 --> 00:55:05,040
LIKELY TO HAVE EFFECT THAT'S ARE

1325
00:55:05,040 --> 00:55:07,480
LOCAL, SO MOST RESEARCH OF HUMAN

1326
00:55:07,480 --> 00:55:08,600
SUBJECTS TENDS TO AFFECT THE 

1327
00:55:08,600 --> 00:55:12,280
PARTICIPANTS IN THOSE STUDIES.

1328
00:55:12,280 --> 00:55:16,000
YOU CAN'T HAVE BYSTANDER RELATED

1329
00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:16,920
RESEARCH THAT AFFECTS FRIENDS 

1330
00:55:16,920 --> 00:55:18,080
AND FAMILY.

1331
00:55:18,080 --> 00:55:19,920
RESEARCH IS DEALING WITH 

1332
00:55:19,920 --> 00:55:21,880
PATHOGENS THAT ARE POTENTIALLY 

1333
00:55:21,880 --> 00:55:23,960
PANDEMIC PATHOGENS HAVE EFFECTS 

1334
00:55:23,960 --> 00:55:27,120
THAT REACH BEYOND THE LOCAL 

1335
00:55:27,120 --> 00:55:27,760
INSTITUTION AND PERHAPS EVEN 

1336
00:55:27,760 --> 00:55:32,240
BEYOND THE LOCAL NATION.

1337
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:35,320
AND SO THE RATIONALE FOR A MORE 

1338
00:55:35,320 --> 00:55:40,840
CENTRALIZED TOP-DOWN AS YOU WERE

1339
00:55:40,840 --> 00:55:43,640
SAYING, REVIEW, I THINK IS 

1340
00:55:43,640 --> 00:55:44,960
STRONGER BECAUSE THE RISK 

1341
00:55:44,960 --> 00:55:46,440
TOLERANCE OF CERTAIN COMMUNITIES

1342
00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:48,640
MAY NOT BE AS IMPORTANT AS THE 

1343
00:55:48,640 --> 00:55:53,520
UNIFORM ENFORCEMENT OF AS SET OF

1344
00:55:53,520 --> 00:55:55,680
RULES THERE TO ENSURE WE 

1345
00:55:55,680 --> 00:55:56,960
MITIGATE THE PROSPECTS OF SOME 

1346
00:55:56,960 --> 00:55:58,560
KIND OF RELEASE.

1347
00:55:58,560 --> 00:56:08,800
>> THANKS, ALEX.

1348
00:56:09,360 --> 00:56:09,880
DR. BERNARD.

1349
00:56:09,880 --> 00:56:12,360
>> I AGREE YOU NEED
OVERSIGHT 

1350
00:56:12,360 --> 00:56:14,560
BUT IT DOESN'T MEAN THE PRIMARY 

1351
00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:16,280
CONTROL OF THE PROPOSALS NEEDS 

1352
00:56:16,280 --> 00:56:19,080
TO BE AT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 

1353
00:56:19,080 --> 00:56:21,480
IT'S A HUGE TASK AND THERE WOULD

1354
00:56:21,480 --> 00:56:22,840
BE PUSHBACK FROM LOCAL 

1355
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:30,680
RESEARCHERS, I'M SURE.

1356
00:56:30,680 --> 00:56:33,000
WHEN THE COMMITTEE WAS CREATED 

1357
00:56:33,000 --> 00:56:34,800
BACK IN 2004 THE ORIGINAL 

1358
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:37,840
CHARTER HAD THE LOCAL IBCs, IRBs

1359
00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:40,800
AND LOCAL GROUPS HAVING THE 

1360
00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:42,840
PRIMARY CONTROL OVER INITIAL 

1361
00:56:42,840 --> 00:56:44,960
SCREENING FOR DUAL-USE RESEARCH 

1362
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:47,120
OF CONCERN AND OTHER DIFFICULTY 

1363
00:56:47,120 --> 00:56:57,280
ISSUES.

1364
00:57:01,760 --> 00:57:04,240
LOCAL IRBs AND IBCs HAVE TO PICK

1365
00:57:04,240 --> 00:57:05,160
UP THE SLACK.

1366
00:57:05,160 --> 00:57:06,920
THEY DO IT FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS 

1367
00:57:06,920 --> 00:57:08,800
REVIEW AND FOR DEALING WITH 

1368
00:57:08,800 --> 00:57:13,400
ANIMALS IN RESEARCH.

1369
00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:23,920
IT'S NOT LIKE THERE AREN'T A 

1370
00:57:26,760 --> 00:57:28,800
STRONG GROUP BUT THERE NEEDS TO 

1371
00:57:28,800 --> 00:57:33,760
BE A STRONG GROUP IN WASHINGTON 

1372
00:57:33,760 --> 00:57:34,840
THAT GIVES ADVICE TO THOSE 

1373
00:57:34,840 --> 00:57:37,200
GROUPS AND MAKE SURE THEY'RE NOT

1374
00:57:37,200 --> 00:57:38,840
MAKING DECISIONS AS ALEX WAS 

1375
00:57:38,840 --> 00:57:40,160
TALKING ABOUT THAT GO AGAINST 

1376
00:57:40,160 --> 00:57:41,360
WHAT'S GOOD PRACTICES NATIONALLY

1377
00:57:41,360 --> 00:57:51,680
OR INTERNATIONAL.

1378
00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:00,240
>> THERE WERE RESOURCES
AND 

1379
00:58:00,240 --> 00:58:01,080
PERSONNEL AND THE HARMONIZATION 

1380
00:58:01,080 --> 00:58:11,240
IS NEEDED.

1381
00:58:12,560 --> 00:58:14,960
OTHER QUESTION OR COMMENTS FROM 

1382
00:58:14,960 --> 00:58:25,200
BOARD MEMBERS?

1383
00:58:28,160 --> 00:58:29,480
WORKING GROUP 1, I WANT TO MAKE 

1384
00:58:29,480 --> 00:58:32,440
SURE HAVE YOU AN OPPORTUNITY.

1385
00:58:32,440 --> 00:58:34,280
I'M NOT SEEING -- AM I MISSING 

1386
00:58:34,280 --> 00:58:34,560
HANDS UP?

1387
00:58:34,560 --> 00:58:44,960
I'M NOT SEEING HANDS UP.

1388
00:58:45,200 --> 00:58:49,360
GIVEN THAT, I GUESS WE'RE READY 

1389
00:58:49,360 --> 00:58:53,920
FOR OUR NEXT ITEM ON THE AGENDA 

1390
00:58:53,920 --> 00:58:54,680
IS A BREAK.

1391
00:58:54,680 --> 00:58:56,520
I THINK WE NEED TO STAY ON THE 

1392
00:58:56,520 --> 00:59:01,200
SCHEDULE AND NOT COME BACK EARLY

1393
00:59:01,200 --> 00:59:02,840
BECAUSE I'LL ASK MS. YOUNG IF 

1394
00:59:02,840 --> 00:59:04,400
THAT'S THE RIGHT THING TO DO AND

1395
00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:06,560
ONE OF OUR AFTERNOON SPEAKERS 

1396
00:59:06,560 --> 00:59:08,680
HAS A TIGHT TIME LINE SO I THINK

1397
00:59:08,680 --> 00:59:09,920
WE NEED IT STAY ON THIS AGENDA.

1398
00:59:09,920 --> 00:59:12,560
>> I THINK THAT'S RIGHT.

1399
00:59:12,560 --> 00:59:12,920
>> OKAY.

1400
00:59:12,920 --> 00:59:14,880
SO GIVEN THAT THERE ARE NO MORE 

1401
00:59:14,880 --> 00:59:17,400
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS FROM MY 

1402
00:59:17,400 --> 00:59:19,160
COLLEAGUES ON THE BOARD, LET'S 

1403
00:59:19,160 --> 00:59:24,960
GO TO THE BREAK AND WE WILL 

1404
00:59:24,960 --> 00:59:28,000
RESUME AT 2:25, EASTERN TIME, 

1405
00:59:28,000 --> 00:59:28,400
CORRECT?

1406
00:59:28,400 --> 00:59:29,640
ALL RIGHT.

1407
00:59:29,640 --> 00:59:30,960
LET'S GO ON BREAK AND IF 

1408
00:59:30,960 --> 00:59:32,960
EVERYBODY CAN TURN OFF YOUR 

1409
00:59:32,960 --> 00:59:33,680
VIDEO AND MIC WHILE YOU'RE ON 

1410
00:59:33,680 --> 00:59:33,880
BREAK.

1411
00:59:33,880 --> 00:59:34,840
THANK YOU.

1412
00:59:34,840 --> 00:59:34,880
 

1413
00:59:37,960 --> 00:59:40,320
>> I BELIEVE IT'S 2:45.

1414
00:59:40,320 --> 00:59:42,840
>> I'M SORRY, 2:45.

1415
00:59:42,840 --> 00:59:45,360
THE BREAK ENDS AT 2:45 -- WE'LL 

1416
00:59:45,360 --> 00:59:46,160
RESUME AT 2:45.

1417
00:59:46,160 --> 00:59:54,320
MY APOLOGIES.

1418
00:59:54,320 --> 00:59:56,640
WELCOME BACK TO OUR ESSENTIALLY 

1419
00:59:56,640 --> 00:59:59,920
SECOND SESSION OF THE MEETING 

1420
00:59:59,920 --> 01:00:01,200
FOR OUR RESEARCH LISTENING 

1421
01:00:01,200 --> 01:00:04,000
SESSION.

1422
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:06,360
I'M PLEASED NOW TO WELCOME OUR 

1423
01:00:06,360 --> 01:00:07,640
INVITED SPEAKERS FOR THE 

1424
01:00:07,640 --> 01:00:07,880
SESSION.

1425
01:00:07,880 --> 01:00:11,760
THE SESSION IS FOCUSSED ON 

1426
01:00:11,760 --> 01:00:12,880
MANAGING BIOSECURITY CONCERNS 

1427
01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:13,880
WHEN COMMUNICATING RESEARCH AND 

1428
01:00:13,880 --> 01:00:14,760
CURRENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE 

1429
01:00:14,760 --> 01:00:18,200
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF 

1430
01:00:18,200 --> 01:00:19,240
RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS AND 

1431
01:00:19,240 --> 01:00:21,360
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL EDITORS, 

1432
01:00:21,360 --> 01:00:21,640
PUBLISHERS.

1433
01:00:21,640 --> 01:00:23,960
THE GOAL IS TO ASSESS POLICIES, 

1434
01:00:23,960 --> 01:00:27,120
PROCEDURES AND BEST PRACTICES 

1435
01:00:27,120 --> 01:00:28,640
WHEN IDENTIFYING BIOSECURITY 

1436
01:00:28,640 --> 01:00:30,440
CONCERNS AND COMMUNICATIONS AND 

1437
01:00:30,440 --> 01:00:33,160
DISCUSS THE ROLES SO PUBLISHERS 

1438
01:00:33,160 --> 01:00:34,560
AND SCIENCE COMMUNICATORS 

1439
01:00:34,560 --> 01:00:36,680
BALANCE TRANSPARENCY AND 

1440
01:00:36,680 --> 01:00:37,560
BIOSECURITY CONCERNS AND 

1441
01:00:37,560 --> 01:00:43,840
IDENTIFY BENEFITS WITH ROLES AND

1442
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:49,880
RESPONSIBILITIES IN 

1443
01:00:49,880 --> 01:00:53,600
COMMUNICA

1444
01:00:53,600 --> 01:00:54,440
COMMUNICA

1445
01:00:54,440 --> 01:01:01,080
COMMUNICATING DUAL USE OF 

1446
01:01:01,080 --> 01:01:01,320
CONCERN.

1447
01:01:01,320 --> 01:01:04,200
OU FIRST PRESENTER WILL TALK 

1448
01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:06,440
ABOUT HIS RESEARCH AND HE WAS AN

1449
01:01:06,440 --> 01:01:07,560
INAUGURAL MEMBER OF THE NSABB 

1450
01:01:07,560 --> 01:01:08,880
AND SERVED UNTIL 2014.

1451
01:01:08,880 --> 01:01:15,320
HE'S ALSO SERVED ON VARIOUS 

1452
01:01:15,320 --> 01:01:19,840
COMMITTEES AT THE NATIONAL 

1453
01:01:19,840 --> 01:01:25,840
ACADEMIES, NASA AND A STUDY IN 

1454
01:01:25,840 --> 01:01:31,160
2018 ENTITLED BIO DEFENSE IN THE

1455
01:01:31,160 --> 01:01:33,600
AGE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY.

1456
01:01:33,600 --> 01:01:34,080
THE ZOOM IS NOW YOURS.

1457
01:01:34,080 --> 01:01:44,480
THANK YOU.

1458
01:01:44,480 --> 01:01:45,360
>> THANK YOU.

1459
01:01:45,360 --> 01:01:46,920
I'D LIKE TO FRAME THE COMMENTS 

1460
01:01:46,920 --> 01:01:49,880
ON THE CONTEXT OF MY EXPERIENCE 

1461
01:01:49,880 --> 01:01:52,160
AND ON NSABB AND ALSO IN MY ROLE

1462
01:01:52,160 --> 01:01:55,080
AS A JOURNAL EDITOR AND CHIEF AT

1463
01:01:55,080 --> 01:01:57,280
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR 

1464
01:01:57,280 --> 01:02:01,000
MICROBIOLOGY AND MEMBER OF THE 

1465
01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:03,640
ASM RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATIONS 

1466
01:02:03,640 --> 01:02:04,480
COMMITTEE.

1467
01:02:04,480 --> 01:02:06,040
I THINK YOU ALREADY HEARD OR ARE

1468
01:02:06,040 --> 01:02:06,720
ALREADY THINKING ABOUT MANY OF 

1469
01:02:06,720 --> 01:02:10,440
THE POINTS I'M GOING TO MAKE AS 

1470
01:02:10,440 --> 01:02:11,800
EVIDENCED BY SOME OF THE EARLIER

1471
01:02:11,800 --> 01:02:18,440
DISCUSSION THIS AFTERNOON AND 

1472
01:02:18,440 --> 01:02:28,400
HOPEFULLY I THINK I'D GO THROUGH

1473
01:02:28,400 --> 01:02:30,400
THE HISTORY OF THE NSABB 

1474
01:02:30,400 --> 01:02:32,800
DISCUSSIONS OF THE H1N1 

1475
01:02:32,800 --> 01:02:36,160
PUBLICATIONS BECAUSE THAT SORT 

1476
01:02:36,160 --> 01:02:43,880
OF SETS THE STAGE.

1477
01:02:43,880 --> 01:02:46,400
WE TRIED TO COME UP WITH 

1478
01:02:46,400 --> 01:02:48,520
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT MAY PRESENT 

1479
01:02:48,520 --> 01:02:50,760
SIGNIFICANT DURC OR BIOSECURITY 

1480
01:02:50,760 --> 01:02:52,120
THREAT.

1481
01:02:52,120 --> 01:02:59,880
I'M USING THE WORD THREAT IN THE

1482
01:02:59,880 --> 01:03:02,760
INTENT AND FEASIBILITY.

1483
01:03:02,760 --> 01:03:06,200
WE DIDN'T PREDICT ANYTHING LIKE 

1484
01:03:06,200 --> 01:03:09,440
THE INFLUENZA AND THIS CAME AS A

1485
01:03:09,440 --> 01:03:11,520
SURPRISE AND I'LL TALK MORE 

1486
01:03:11,520 --> 01:03:14,400
ABOUT UNANTICIPATED RESULTS IN A

1487
01:03:14,400 --> 01:03:14,760
BIT.

1488
01:03:14,760 --> 01:03:17,080
WE SPENT MANY HOURS DURING THE 

1489
01:03:17,080 --> 01:03:17,640
TWO MANUSCRIPTS.

1490
01:03:17,640 --> 01:03:19,880
FIRST AS THE SUB GROUP AND THEN 

1491
01:03:19,880 --> 01:03:22,440
FULL BOARD.

1492
01:03:22,440 --> 01:03:24,200
I WAS OUR ORIGINAL 

1493
01:03:24,200 --> 01:03:25,880
RECOMMENDATION THE NATURE OF THE

1494
01:03:25,880 --> 01:03:30,440
FIND THE HIGHLY PATHOGEN IN H1N1

1495
01:03:30,440 --> 01:03:35,400
COULD BE TRANSMISSIBLE IN 

1496
01:03:35,400 --> 01:03:37,040
ANIMALS AND THE COMMUNICATIONS 

1497
01:03:37,040 --> 01:03:39,160
NOT BE DISCLOSED AND WE WERE 

1498
01:03:39,160 --> 01:03:40,520
CONCERNED ON BIOSECURITY 

1499
01:03:40,520 --> 01:03:40,800
CONCERNS.

1500
01:03:40,800 --> 01:03:41,680
THE QUESTION IS COULD SOMEONE 

1501
01:03:41,680 --> 01:03:43,720
TAKE THE INFORMATION, RECREATE 

1502
01:03:43,720 --> 01:03:54,240
THE VIRUS AND USE IT FOR HARM.

1503
01:03:56,440 --> 01:03:59,200
AND THE NETHERLANDS GOVERNMENT 

1504
01:03:59,200 --> 01:04:00,760
SAW EXPORT ISSUES IF DANGEROUS 

1505
01:04:00,760 --> 01:04:02,400
INFORMATION WERE TO BE MADE 

1506
01:04:02,400 --> 01:04:03,240
PUBLIC.

1507
01:04:03,240 --> 01:04:04,760
IT WAS SERIOUS.

1508
01:04:04,760 --> 01:04:07,880
IT WAS NO LONGER A QUESTION OF 

1509
01:04:07,880 --> 01:04:09,240
SCIENTIFIC NORMS BUT POTENTIAL 

1510
01:04:09,240 --> 01:04:15,360
LEGAL RAMIFICATIONS.

1511
01:04:15,360 --> 01:04:20,280
THE AUTHORS WERE ASKED TO 

1512
01:04:20,280 --> 01:04:25,880
CLARIFY AND PARTLY BECAUSE OF 

1513
01:04:25,880 --> 01:04:29,520
REMARKS MADE AND DELINEATE THE 

1514
01:04:29,520 --> 01:04:33,640
BIO SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO 

1515
01:04:33,640 --> 01:04:34,760
ALLEVIATE CONCERNS AND BIOSAFETY

1516
01:04:34,760 --> 01:04:37,440
AND BIOSECURITY ARE 

1517
01:04:37,440 --> 01:04:37,760
INTERMINGLED.

1518
01:04:37,760 --> 01:04:39,600
WE CONVENED IN PERSON AND WERE 

1519
01:04:39,600 --> 01:04:41,800
TOLD FRANCIS COLLINS THAT WAS 

1520
01:04:41,800 --> 01:04:44,680
NOT AN OPTION.

1521
01:04:44,680 --> 01:04:47,800
WE WERE GIVEN REVISED 

1522
01:04:47,800 --> 01:04:49,240
MANUSCRIPTS AFTER SIGNING 

1523
01:04:49,240 --> 01:04:51,360
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS AFTER

1524
01:04:51,360 --> 01:04:53,000
CONTROLS AND WERE SENT OFF TO 

1525
01:04:53,000 --> 01:04:55,160
READ THEM IN WHAT I THOUGHT WAS 

1526
01:04:55,160 --> 01:04:58,080
A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AND MAKE 

1527
01:04:58,080 --> 01:04:59,480
A BINARY DECISION TO PUBLIC OR 

1528
01:04:59,480 --> 01:05:01,680
NOT.

1529
01:05:01,680 --> 01:05:02,320
THERE WAS NO IN BETWEEN THERE.

1530
01:05:02,320 --> 01:05:03,960
SO WE ALSO HEARD FROM THE 

1531
01:05:03,960 --> 01:05:07,480
AUTHORS AND HEARD FROM THE 

1532
01:05:07,480 --> 01:05:08,560
JOURNALS AND W.H.O. AND OTHER 

1533
01:05:08,560 --> 01:05:09,960
PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTS AND 

1534
01:05:09,960 --> 01:05:10,240
INDIVIDUALS.

1535
01:05:10,240 --> 01:05:12,080
ANOTHER KEY CONSIDERATION ON THE

1536
01:05:12,080 --> 01:05:16,200
BOARD AT THIS TIME WAS NSTD189.

1537
01:05:16,200 --> 01:05:18,440
THE POLICY THAT STATES TO THE 

1538
01:05:18,440 --> 01:05:20,120
GREATEST EXTENT POLICY THE 

1539
01:05:20,120 --> 01:05:21,280
RESULTS OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 

1540
01:05:21,280 --> 01:05:25,840
SHOULD BE FREELY DISSEMINATED.

1541
01:05:25,840 --> 01:05:31,880
AS YOU KNOW, NSABB VOTED AND A 

1542
01:05:31,880 --> 01:05:36,320
SPLIT VOTE TO PUBLISH THE OTHER 

1543
01:05:36,320 --> 01:05:37,920
PAPER AND THERE'S FALLOUT THAT 

1544
01:05:37,920 --> 01:05:39,720
FOLLOWED FROM THERE.

1545
01:05:39,720 --> 01:05:45,560
LET ME TURN MY ATTENTION AND ANY

1546
01:05:45,560 --> 01:05:47,960
OPINIONS I'M STATING ARE MY OWN 

1547
01:05:47,960 --> 01:05:49,800
AND DON'T NECESSARILY REPRESENT 

1548
01:05:49,800 --> 01:05:52,360
THOSE OF THE SOCIETY.

1549
01:05:52,360 --> 01:05:55,880
IN RESPONSE TO THE WHOLE H1N1 

1550
01:05:55,880 --> 01:05:59,320
SITUATION THE ASM TOOK TWO 

1551
01:05:59,320 --> 01:05:59,560
ACTIONS.

1552
01:05:59,560 --> 01:06:02,400
IT SPUN OUT THE RESPONSIBLE 

1553
01:06:02,400 --> 01:06:02,880
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.

1554
01:06:02,880 --> 01:06:04,080
IT'S COMPRISED OF THE EDITORS 

1555
01:06:04,080 --> 01:06:07,520
AND CHIEFS OF THREE JOURNALS 

1556
01:06:07,520 --> 01:06:10,560
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY AND M SPHERE

1557
01:06:10,560 --> 01:06:12,360
AND ONE OTHER THE ONES MOST 

1558
01:06:12,360 --> 01:06:13,880
LIKELY TO PUBLISH WORK THAT 

1559
01:06:13,880 --> 01:06:17,760
FALLS UNDER THE RUBRIC OF WHAT 

1560
01:06:17,760 --> 01:06:18,680
WE'RE CONCERNED WITH AND THE 

1561
01:06:18,680 --> 01:06:20,760
CHAIR FOR PUBLICATIONS BOARD IS 

1562
01:06:20,760 --> 01:06:22,440
ON THE COMMITTEE AND IN ANOTHER 

1563
01:06:22,440 --> 01:06:24,360
VIROLOGIST WHO WAS CHOSEN FROM 

1564
01:06:24,360 --> 01:06:29,600
THE JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY ENTERS.

1565
01:06:29,600 --> 01:06:31,120
THE SOCIETY ALSO ADDED QUESTIONS

1566
01:06:31,120 --> 01:06:35,000
TO THE PEER REVIEW FORM ASKING 

1567
01:06:35,000 --> 01:06:35,680
WHETHER EXPERIMENTS RAISED 

1568
01:06:35,680 --> 01:06:38,880
BIOSECURITY CONCERNS AND IN THE 

1569
01:06:38,880 --> 01:06:41,720
CASE OF THE VIROLOGY THE 

1570
01:06:41,720 --> 01:06:43,080
CATEGORIES WERE ADDED.

1571
01:06:43,080 --> 01:06:45,080
FOR REVIEWER OR EDITOR HAS 

1572
01:06:45,080 --> 01:06:46,880
CONCERNS INITIALLY THE EDITOR 

1573
01:06:46,880 --> 01:06:48,800
AND CHIEF IS CONSULTED AND THAT 

1574
01:06:48,800 --> 01:06:50,160
PERSON CAN ASK FOR INPUT FROM 

1575
01:06:50,160 --> 01:06:54,400
THE COMMITTEE IF THEY DEEM IT 

1576
01:06:54,400 --> 01:07:03,600
NECESSARY.

1577
01:07:03,600 --> 01:07:05,200
IN THE COMMITTEES I'VE BEEN 

1578
01:07:05,200 --> 01:07:06,040
INVOLVED WITH THE DECISION WAS 

1579
01:07:06,040 --> 01:07:08,280
ALWAYS MADE TO PUBLIC.

1580
01:07:08,280 --> 01:07:10,080
THE PUBLICATION STAGES TOO LATE 

1581
01:07:10,080 --> 01:07:12,640
AT POINT AT WHICH TO INTERVENE.

1582
01:07:12,640 --> 01:07:13,680
THERE'S A COMMON THEME WHEN 

1583
01:07:13,680 --> 01:07:14,720
THESE STUDIES GET DISCUSSED.

1584
01:07:14,720 --> 01:07:16,520
I WANT TO TAKE YOU THROUGH THAT 

1585
01:07:16,520 --> 01:07:17,160
RIGHT NOW.

1586
01:07:17,160 --> 01:07:19,160
SO FIRST IS THAT BY THE TIME WE 

1587
01:07:19,160 --> 01:07:22,440
SEE IT, THE WORK HAS BEEN PEER 

1588
01:07:22,440 --> 01:07:27,080
REVIEWED AND THE REVIEWERS HAVE 

1589
01:07:27,080 --> 01:07:28,040
RECOMMENDED PUBLICATION.

1590
01:07:28,040 --> 01:07:30,200
IT INDICATES THEY THINK THE WORK

1591
01:07:30,200 --> 01:07:31,400
IS IMPORTANT AND BENEFITS AND 

1592
01:07:31,400 --> 01:07:34,360
THEREFORE SHOULD BE PUBLISHED.

1593
01:07:34,360 --> 01:07:36,440
WHEN THE COMMITTEE DISCUSSES THE

1594
01:07:36,440 --> 01:07:37,600
STUDY IT'S DIFFICULT TO MAKE AN 

1595
01:07:37,600 --> 01:07:38,560
ARGUMENT AGAINST THE BENEFITS OF

1596
01:07:38,560 --> 01:07:39,360
THE WORK.

1597
01:07:39,360 --> 01:07:41,200
IT'S BEEN REVIEWED BY EXPERTS IN

1598
01:07:41,200 --> 01:07:42,080
THE FIELD.

1599
01:07:42,080 --> 01:07:44,520
IN ADDITION, THE RPC DOES NOT 

1600
01:07:44,520 --> 01:07:45,520
HAVE ANY KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT 

1601
01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:47,280
BIOSECURITY THREATS ARE OUT 

1602
01:07:47,280 --> 01:07:47,480
THERE.

1603
01:07:47,480 --> 01:07:49,880
WE HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT THE

1604
01:07:49,880 --> 01:07:51,440
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MIGHT BE 

1605
01:07:51,440 --> 01:07:53,840
AWARE OF OR THINKING ABOUT.

1606
01:07:53,840 --> 01:07:59,200
I WOULD NOTE PARENTHETICALLY, 

1607
01:07:59,200 --> 01:08:01,560
NSABB WAS BRIEFED IN THE MEETING

1608
01:08:01,560 --> 01:08:03,960
WHERE WE DISCUSSED H1N1 AND YET 

1609
01:08:03,960 --> 01:08:06,400
WE MADE THE DECISION TO PUBLISH.

1610
01:08:06,400 --> 01:08:12,200
SO TO THE RPC, THE RISKS ARE 

1611
01:08:12,200 --> 01:08:13,880
LARGER HYPOTHETICAL AND THINGS 

1612
01:08:13,880 --> 01:08:15,480
WE CAN DREAM UP.

1613
01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:19,200
IN ADDITION, I THINK IT'S BST 

1614
01:08:19,200 --> 01:08:21,280
PROBABLY SAFE TO NATURE POSES A 

1615
01:08:21,280 --> 01:08:23,080
LARGER THREAT WHICH MEANS WE 

1616
01:08:23,080 --> 01:08:24,280
HAVE TO GAIN AS MUCH KEY 

1617
01:08:24,280 --> 01:08:25,240
KNOWLEDGE AS POSSIBLE ABOUT 

1618
01:08:25,240 --> 01:08:28,120
THESE PATHOGENS IF WE WANT TO BE

1619
01:08:28,120 --> 01:08:30,560
ABLE TO RESPOND TO THE NEXT 

1620
01:08:30,560 --> 01:08:39,800
OUTBREAK.

1621
01:08:39,800 --> 01:08:42,040
WE'RE ASKING TO WEIGH THE RISK 

1622
01:08:42,040 --> 01:08:46,440
OF A NATURAL THREAT AGAINST THE 

1623
01:08:46,440 --> 01:08:48,600
BIOTERROR THREAT.

1624
01:08:48,600 --> 01:08:50,880
I THINK MARK DENNISON ALLUDED TO

1625
01:08:50,880 --> 01:08:52,920
THIS AND THEY CAN BE ENUMERATED 

1626
01:08:52,920 --> 01:08:54,440
AND LIKELY TO CARRY THE DAY 

1627
01:08:54,440 --> 01:08:58,080
AGAINST A GROUP OF SCIENTISTS 

1628
01:08:58,080 --> 01:09:00,280
PARTICULARLY IN THE CASE OF THE 

1629
01:09:00,280 --> 01:09:01,120
ASM REVIEW.

1630
01:09:01,120 --> 01:09:03,520
WE'RE ACTING ON WHAT IS 

1631
01:09:03,520 --> 01:09:05,640
ESSENTIALLY A BIASSED SET OF 

1632
01:09:05,640 --> 01:09:05,840
FACTS.

1633
01:09:05,840 --> 01:09:09,000
THE OTHER POINT THAT COMES UP 

1634
01:09:09,000 --> 01:09:11,400
AND KEN BERNARD RAISED THIS IN A

1635
01:09:11,400 --> 01:09:12,560
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT WAY EARLIER 

1636
01:09:12,560 --> 01:09:14,800
THAT IF WE DECIDE NOT TO 

1637
01:09:14,800 --> 01:09:15,880
PUBLISH, SOMEONE ELSE WILL OR 

1638
01:09:15,880 --> 01:09:18,280
SOMEONE WILL POST IT SOMEWHERE.

1639
01:09:18,280 --> 01:09:18,840
SO THERE'S ALWAYS THAT TO 

1640
01:09:18,840 --> 01:09:21,360
CONSIDER.

1641
01:09:21,360 --> 01:09:23,160
SO WITH THAT AS BACKGROUND, I'D 

1642
01:09:23,160 --> 01:09:26,720
LIKE TO POINT OUT A FEW THINGS I

1643
01:09:26,720 --> 01:09:28,080
THINK NSABB SHOULD CONSIDER.

1644
01:09:28,080 --> 01:09:29,960
AS THIS BOARD HAS DISCUSSED IN 

1645
01:09:29,960 --> 01:09:31,880
THE PAST AND VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS

1646
01:09:31,880 --> 01:09:33,840
INCLUDING MYSELF.

1647
01:09:33,840 --> 01:09:35,760
YOU PROBABLY ALL KNOW AND WE 

1648
01:09:35,760 --> 01:09:37,600
HAVE WRITTEN EXTENSIVELY ON 

1649
01:09:37,600 --> 01:09:39,520
THIS, OTHERS HAVE ARGUED THIS, 

1650
01:09:39,520 --> 01:09:42,520
THERE NEEDS TO BE A MUCH MORE 

1651
01:09:42,520 --> 01:09:45,760
HOLISTIC PROFESSION  PROCESS IF 

1652
01:09:45,760 --> 01:09:49,160
WE THINK A PROJECT MAY POSE 

1653
01:09:49,160 --> 01:09:49,880
SIGNIFICANT BIOSECURITY RISK.

1654
01:09:49,880 --> 01:09:53,480
BEFORE A STUDY COMMENCES, THERE 

1655
01:09:53,480 --> 01:09:54,240
HAS TO BE CONSENSUS IT'S 

1656
01:09:54,240 --> 01:09:55,720
ADDRESSING AN IMPORTANT 

1657
01:09:55,720 --> 01:09:56,000
QUESTION.

1658
01:09:56,000 --> 01:09:58,040
WE CAN'T DO EXPERIMENTS JUST 

1659
01:09:58,040 --> 01:09:59,720
BECAUSE WE THINK THEY'RE COOL OR

1660
01:09:59,720 --> 01:10:02,320
EVEN IN SOME INSTANCES SOLELY 

1661
01:10:02,320 --> 01:10:04,080
BECAUSE THEY SEEM INTERESTING TO

1662
01:10:04,080 --> 01:10:04,480
DO.

1663
01:10:04,480 --> 01:10:07,640
I THINK IF WE'RE DOING WORK THAT

1664
01:10:07,640 --> 01:10:09,360
HAS REAL BIOSECURITY 

1665
01:10:09,360 --> 01:10:10,920
IMPLICATIONS I THINK IT CAN BE 

1666
01:10:10,920 --> 01:10:11,840
ARGUED THE WORK OUGHT TO BE HELD

1667
01:10:11,840 --> 01:10:21,800
TO A HIGHER STANDARD.

1668
01:10:21,800 --> 01:10:23,440
THE PROCESS HAS TO BE 

1669
01:10:23,440 --> 01:10:26,680
TRANSPARENT AND I WAS PLEASED TO

1670
01:10:26,680 --> 01:10:29,080
HEAR THINGS BECAUSE THE NIH HAS 

1671
01:10:29,080 --> 01:10:32,960
BEEN CRITICIZED RECENT LY FOR TE

1672
01:10:32,960 --> 01:10:34,920
WAY IT WAS REVIEWING STUDIES AND

1673
01:10:34,920 --> 01:10:36,640
MADE THE ARGUMENT THE TENETS OF 

1674
01:10:36,640 --> 01:10:38,240
THE GRANT REVIEW PROCESS IN 

1675
01:10:38,240 --> 01:10:40,040
TERMS OF CONFIDENTIALITY, 

1676
01:10:40,040 --> 01:10:41,480
ETCETERA, NEED TO BE PROTECTED 

1677
01:10:41,480 --> 01:10:43,160
BUT AGAIN I'LL MAKE A SIMILAR 

1678
01:10:43,160 --> 01:10:45,640
ARGUMENT AS I JUST MADE WHICH IS

1679
01:10:45,640 --> 01:10:49,560
IF WE'RE CONCERNED ABOUT REAL 

1680
01:10:49,560 --> 01:10:50,400
BIOSECURITY RISKS THEN THE 

1681
01:10:50,400 --> 01:10:52,880
NATURE OF THE REVIEW MAY NEED TO

1682
01:10:52,880 --> 01:10:54,040
BE DIFFERENT OF A TYPICAL NIH 

1683
01:10:54,040 --> 01:10:55,000
GRANT OR CONTRACT.

1684
01:10:55,000 --> 01:10:57,720
I THINK IF THE PROCESS IS KNOWN 

1685
01:10:57,720 --> 01:11:00,160
AHEAD OF TIME AND TRANSPARENT 

1686
01:11:00,160 --> 01:11:02,360
THEN APPLICANTS AND THEIR 

1687
01:11:02,360 --> 01:11:03,640
INSTITUTIONS CAN DECIDE WHETHER 

1688
01:11:03,640 --> 01:11:05,720
THEY AGREE TO THE ADDED SCRUTINY

1689
01:11:05,720 --> 01:11:07,440
BEFORE APPLYING FOR FUNDING.

1690
01:11:07,440 --> 01:11:10,200
I KNOW MARK DENNISON COMMENTED 

1691
01:11:10,200 --> 01:11:11,160
ON THIS EARLIER ON.

1692
01:11:11,160 --> 01:11:12,320
I THINK IT WILL BE AN 

1693
01:11:12,320 --> 01:11:13,320
INTERESTING DISCUSSION YOU ALL 

1694
01:11:13,320 --> 01:11:13,880
CAN HAVE.

1695
01:11:13,880 --> 01:11:16,640
SO PERHAPS THERE CAN EVEN BE A 

1696
01:11:16,640 --> 01:11:17,360
PRE-SUBMISSION PROCESS.

1697
01:11:17,360 --> 01:11:19,360
AND OF COURSE THERE HAS TO BE 

1698
01:11:19,360 --> 01:11:20,800
ASSURANCES THAT THE WORK WILL BE

1699
01:11:20,800 --> 01:11:24,560
CARRIED OUT SAFELY AND AS 

1700
01:11:24,560 --> 01:11:26,680
APPROPRIATELY WITH ANY NECESSARY

1701
01:11:26,680 --> 01:11:27,920
BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN PLACE.

1702
01:11:27,920 --> 01:11:29,760
I THINK DURING THE PROCESS, THE 

1703
01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:31,320
POSSIBLE RESULTS SHOULD BE 

1704
01:11:31,320 --> 01:11:32,440
ANTICIPATED AND THERE NEEDS TO 

1705
01:11:32,440 --> 01:11:34,160
BE A DISCUSSION ABOUT HOW THOSE 

1706
01:11:34,160 --> 01:11:36,400
RESULTS SHOULD BE DISSEMINATED.

1707
01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:40,520
NOW, I WANT TO JUST STATE 

1708
01:11:40,520 --> 01:11:43,520
UNEQUIVOCALLY, I'M A FAN OF 

1709
01:11:43,520 --> 01:11:44,720
NSBB189 AND HAVE TO WONDER WHERE

1710
01:11:44,720 --> 01:11:47,720
IN TODAY'S WORLD THE ABILITY TO 

1711
01:11:47,720 --> 01:11:49,840
MANIPULATE ORGANISMS AND 

1712
01:11:49,840 --> 01:11:50,440
PATHOGENS DOES NOT ALWAYS 

1713
01:11:50,440 --> 01:11:52,760
REQUIRE SPECIALIZED SKILLS, 

1714
01:11:52,760 --> 01:11:54,360
KNOWLEDGE OR EQUIPMENT, 

1715
01:11:54,360 --> 01:11:56,760
SOMETHING BETWEEN OPEN 

1716
01:11:56,760 --> 01:11:58,520
DISSEMINATION AND CLASSIFICATION

1717
01:11:58,520 --> 01:11:59,960
OUGHT TO BE CONSIDERED.

1718
01:11:59,960 --> 01:12:02,440
IF THE POSSIBILITY OF RESTRICTED

1719
01:12:02,440 --> 01:12:05,400
COMMUNICATION IS KNOWN UP FRONT 

1720
01:12:05,400 --> 01:12:07,480
AND A CAREFUL AND THOUGHTFUL 

1721
01:12:07,480 --> 01:12:08,440
DELIBERATION TAKES PLACE PRIOR 

1722
01:12:08,440 --> 01:12:11,200
TO THE START OF THE STUDY, THERE

1723
01:12:11,200 --> 01:12:19,600
SHOULD BE NO MISUNDERSTANDINGS 

1724
01:12:19,600 --> 01:12:21,320
AND UNDERSTAND NEEDS TO BE 

1725
01:12:21,320 --> 01:12:22,440
UNDERSTAND IN THE CASE OF 

1726
01:12:22,440 --> 01:12:23,760
TROUBLESOME FINDINGS WHICH ARE 

1727
01:12:23,760 --> 01:12:24,720
SOME OF THE MOST EXCITING THINGS

1728
01:12:24,720 --> 01:12:25,160
ABOUT RESEARCH.

1729
01:12:25,160 --> 01:12:28,520
WE NEED TO KEEP THAT IN MIND.

1730
01:12:28,520 --> 01:12:30,400
IN OTHER WORDS, THE PARAMETERS 

1731
01:12:30,400 --> 01:12:31,400
OF THE WORK NEED TO BE EVALUATED

1732
01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:34,000
FROM THE BEGINNING AND ON A 

1733
01:12:34,000 --> 01:12:34,400
CONTINUING BASIS.

1734
01:12:34,400 --> 01:12:36,040
I KNOW THE ARGUMENT IS GOING TO 

1735
01:12:36,040 --> 01:12:37,680
BE MADE THAT THESE ADDITIONAL 

1736
01:12:37,680 --> 01:12:40,840
STEPS MAY CAUSE SOME SCIENTISTS 

1737
01:12:40,840 --> 01:12:42,680
TO DECIDE THEY'RE SIMPLY NOT 

1738
01:12:42,680 --> 01:12:44,080
GOING TO DO THE WORK AND THAT 

1739
01:12:44,080 --> 01:12:44,880
WOULD BE A SHAME.

1740
01:12:44,880 --> 01:12:46,440
I HOPE THIS IS NOT THE CASE.

1741
01:12:46,440 --> 01:12:49,720
I WOULD HOPE THAT IF SCIENTISTS 

1742
01:12:49,720 --> 01:12:50,440
THINK THAT WHAT THEY'RE 

1743
01:12:50,440 --> 01:12:52,320
PROPOSING ADDRESSES IMPORTANT 

1744
01:12:52,320 --> 01:12:53,400
QUESTIONS, THEY CAN CONVINCE 

1745
01:12:53,400 --> 01:12:55,880
OTHERS THIS IS THE CASE.

1746
01:12:55,880 --> 01:12:58,480
THEY CAN REALIZE THERE MAY BE 

1747
01:12:58,480 --> 01:12:59,440
BIOSECURITY CONCERNS THAT 

1748
01:12:59,440 --> 01:13:00,760
REQUIRE CONSIDERATION AND THEY 

1749
01:13:00,760 --> 01:13:02,320
CAN WORK TOGETHER WITH THE 

1750
01:13:02,320 --> 01:13:04,240
AGENCY TO DEVELOP A LOGICAL PLAN

1751
01:13:04,240 --> 01:13:06,400
THAT WILL ENSURE THAT THE 

1752
01:13:06,400 --> 01:13:09,440
BENEFITS OF THE WORK ARE 

1753
01:13:09,440 --> 01:13:13,800
MAXIMIZED WHILE MITIGATING THE 

1754
01:13:13,800 --> 01:13:15,240
RISK AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE AND I 

1755
01:13:15,240 --> 01:13:16,280
HOPE WE WELCOME THE SCRUTINY 

1756
01:13:16,280 --> 01:13:19,080
BECAUSE IT SHOWS THE PUBLIC 

1757
01:13:19,080 --> 01:13:19,880
WE'RE BEING RESPONSIBLE.

1758
01:13:19,880 --> 01:13:21,360
IN OTHER WORDS, IF THINGS ARE 

1759
01:13:21,360 --> 01:13:23,000
IMPORTANT ENOUGH, LET'S MAKE 

1760
01:13:23,000 --> 01:13:25,520
SURE TO GET IT RIGHT EVEN IF IT 

1761
01:13:25,520 --> 01:13:26,320
TAKES EXTRA EFFORT.

1762
01:13:26,320 --> 01:13:28,640
LET ME FINISH BY SAYING I KNOW 

1763
01:13:28,640 --> 01:13:31,240
YOU'RE GOING TO ASK, MIKE, HOW 

1764
01:13:31,240 --> 01:13:32,120
WOULD YOU RESTRICT COMMUNICATION

1765
01:13:32,120 --> 01:13:34,840
AND TO BE HONEST I DON'T HAVE A 

1766
01:13:34,840 --> 01:13:36,320
GOOD ANSWER THOUGH I'VE THOUGHT 

1767
01:13:36,320 --> 01:13:37,600
ABOUT IT A LOT OVER THE PAST 

1768
01:13:37,600 --> 01:13:39,640
DECADE BUT IT'S A QUESTION 

1769
01:13:39,640 --> 01:13:40,280
WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION AND OF 

1770
01:13:40,280 --> 01:13:42,560
FURTHER DISCUSSION.

1771
01:13:42,560 --> 01:13:52,960
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1772
01:13:55,480 --> 01:13:56,800
>> THANK YOU.

1773
01:13:56,800 --> 01:14:02,440
THANK YOU FOR YOUR INSIGHTS AND 

1774
01:14:02,440 --> 01:14:07,880
SHARING YOUR VAST EXPERIENCE AND

1775
01:14:07,880 --> 01:14:09,720
THOUGHTFUL INSIGHTS YOU'VE 

1776
01:14:09,720 --> 01:14:12,280
GAINED OVER A DECADE IN THIS 

1777
01:14:12,280 --> 01:14:13,880
SPACE.

1778
01:14:13,880 --> 01:14:17,760
YOU OFFERED I THINK SOME VERY 

1779
01:14:17,760 --> 01:14:19,040
IMPORTANT AREAS WE NEED TO 

1780
01:14:19,040 --> 01:14:19,840
CONSIDER AND WAYS TO THINK ABOUT

1781
01:14:19,840 --> 01:14:21,720
THE PROBLEM GOING FORWARD.

1782
01:14:21,720 --> 01:14:22,680
YOU HAVE A LOT OF LESSONS 

1783
01:14:22,680 --> 01:14:23,400
OBSERVED.

1784
01:14:23,400 --> 01:14:25,080
MAYBE WE CAN APPLY THEM TO 

1785
01:14:25,080 --> 01:14:26,440
LESSONS LEARNED AS WE MOVE 

1786
01:14:26,440 --> 01:14:26,760
FORWARD.

1787
01:14:26,760 --> 01:14:27,880
THANK YOU FOR SHARING THOSE 

1788
01:14:27,880 --> 01:14:28,280
INSIGHT.

1789
01:14:28,280 --> 01:14:32,320
I KNOW ALL OF US HAVE QUESTIONS.

1790
01:14:32,320 --> 01:14:33,840
WE'LL COME BACK AFTER OUR NEXT 

1791
01:14:33,840 --> 01:14:34,920
SPEAKER PRESENTS.

1792
01:14:34,920 --> 01:14:37,880
OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. RICHARD 

1793
01:14:37,880 --> 01:14:38,760
SEVER.

1794
01:14:38,760 --> 01:14:41,640
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF THE COLD 

1795
01:14:41,640 --> 01:14:43,400
SPRING HARVARD LABORATORY IN NEW

1796
01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:43,880
YORK.

1797
01:14:43,880 --> 01:14:49,080
AND CO-FUNDER OF THE BIOARCHIVE 

1798
01:14:49,080 --> 01:14:51,160
AND META-ARCHIVE AND SERVES AS 

1799
01:14:51,160 --> 01:14:53,680
THE EXECUTIVE EDITOR FOR THE 

1800
01:14:53,680 --> 01:14:55,560
COLD SPRING HARVARD PROSPECTUS 

1801
01:14:55,560 --> 01:15:00,120
AND JOURNALS AND LAUNCH 

1802
01:15:00,120 --> 01:15:00,800
PRECISION MEDICINE JOURNAL AND 

1803
01:15:00,800 --> 01:15:01,800
MOLECULAR CASE STUDIES.

1804
01:15:01,800 --> 01:15:05,720
I THINK WE ALL KNOW HE HAS 

1805
01:15:05,720 --> 01:15:07,240
WORKED TIRELESSLY TO PROMOTE 

1806
01:15:07,240 --> 01:15:07,760
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION.

1807
01:15:07,760 --> 01:15:10,440
SO RICHARD, THE ZOOM IS NOW 

1808
01:15:10,440 --> 01:15:20,560
YOURS.

1809
01:15:21,360 --> 01:15:25,440
>> CAN EVERYBODY SEE MY
SCREEN, 

1810
01:15:25,440 --> 01:15:32,400
DR. PALKA?

1811
01:15:32,400 --> 01:15:32,720
>> YES.

1812
01:15:32,720 --> 01:15:39,760
>> MY AFFILIATION IS COLD
SPRING

1813
01:15:39,760 --> 01:15:40,920
HARVARD LABT RID AND THEY'RE 

1814
01:15:40,920 --> 01:15:42,760
NON-COMMERCIAL PROJECTS FOR THE 

1815
01:15:42,760 --> 01:15:43,760
BENEFIT OF THE SCIENTIFIC 

1816
01:15:43,760 --> 01:15:44,760
COMMUNITY PRIMARILY.

1817
01:15:44,760 --> 01:15:46,840
I WANT TO START BY GIVING 

1818
01:15:46,840 --> 01:15:49,800
BACKGROUND TO THE CONCEPT OF PRE

1819
01:15:49,800 --> 01:15:55,800
PRINTS WHICH IS IMPORTANT FORCE 

1820
01:15:55,800 --> 01:15:57,040
THIS PARTICULAR DISCUSSION.

1821
01:15:57,040 --> 01:15:59,920
AND WE ALSO HAVE A HISTORY IN 

1822
01:15:59,920 --> 01:16:01,120
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION.

1823
01:16:01,120 --> 01:16:02,440
WE'RE FAMILIAR WITH THIS, THE 

1824
01:16:02,440 --> 01:16:06,680
TRADITIONAL PUBLICATION PROCESS.

1825
01:16:06,680 --> 01:16:10,440
AND AN AUTHOR SUBMITS TO A 

1826
01:16:10,440 --> 01:16:11,640
JOURNAL AND THERE'S A PROTRACTED

1827
01:16:11,640 --> 01:16:13,480
PROCESS WHERE THE ARTICLE IS 

1828
01:16:13,480 --> 01:16:16,960
EVALUATED FOR MONTHS AND THIS 

1829
01:16:16,960 --> 01:16:18,280
CAN GO FOR YEARS BEFORE THE 

1830
01:16:18,280 --> 01:16:20,560
INFORMATION IN THAT MANUSCRIPT 

1831
01:16:20,560 --> 01:16:23,000
IS MADE PUBLIC AND ACCESSIBLE TO

1832
01:16:23,000 --> 01:16:25,880
THE BROADER SCIENTIFIC 

1833
01:16:25,880 --> 01:16:26,160
COMMUNITY.

1834
01:16:26,160 --> 01:16:29,000
WHAT THE WEB DOES IS AFFORD THE 

1835
01:16:29,000 --> 01:16:30,760
OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THE ORDER 

1836
01:16:30,760 --> 01:16:32,720
OF THESE EVENTS.

1837
01:16:32,720 --> 01:16:35,600
WHAT A PRE PRINT SERVER DOES 

1838
01:16:35,600 --> 01:16:37,880
SAYS THE AUTHOR CAN MAKE THEIR 

1839
01:16:37,880 --> 01:16:38,920
FINDINGS IMMEDIATELY WITHIN 

1840
01:16:38,920 --> 01:16:42,480
HOURS OR DAYS AT MOST BEFORE 

1841
01:16:42,480 --> 01:16:44,120
THIS EVALUATION PROCESS HAPPENS 

1842
01:16:44,120 --> 01:16:46,400
WITH A JOURNAL.

1843
01:16:46,400 --> 01:16:48,000
IN FACT, IN SOME CASES THE 

1844
01:16:48,000 --> 01:16:50,280
PROCESS MAY NEVER HAPPEN AND THE

1845
01:16:50,280 --> 01:16:52,800
MANUSCRIPT MAY ONLY EVER EXIST 

1846
01:16:52,800 --> 01:16:55,880
AS AN PREPRINT.

1847
01:16:55,880 --> 01:16:57,200
THE FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENT 

1848
01:16:57,200 --> 01:16:58,400
THERE'S MANUSCRIPTS IN THE WORLD

1849
01:16:58,400 --> 01:17:00,400
THAT HAVE NOT GONE THROUGH THE 

1850
01:17:00,400 --> 01:17:01,920
FORMAL PEER-REVIEW PROCESS.

1851
01:17:01,920 --> 01:17:06,640
THERE'S A NUMBER OF BENEFITS TO 

1852
01:17:06,640 --> 01:17:08,920
DOING THIS.

1853
01:17:08,920 --> 01:17:12,960
AND THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 

1854
01:17:12,960 --> 01:17:15,520
SCIENTIST TO DISCUSS THE WORK 

1855
01:17:15,520 --> 01:17:18,280
AND HAS VISIBILITY FOR EARLIER 

1856
01:17:18,280 --> 01:17:19,160
CAREER SCIENTISTS WHO CAN GIVE 

1857
01:17:19,160 --> 01:17:21,560
EARLY EVIDENCE OF PRODUCTIVITY 

1858
01:17:21,560 --> 01:17:23,760
AND MAKE THEIR FINDINGS 

1859
01:17:23,760 --> 01:17:25,360
AVAILABLE TO COMMITTEES LONG 

1860
01:17:25,360 --> 01:17:26,760
BEFORE THE FORMAL PUBLICATION 

1861
01:17:26,760 --> 01:17:28,960
APPEARS AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, 

1862
01:17:28,960 --> 01:17:32,320
WHAT IT DOES IS IT ALLOWS RAPID 

1863
01:17:32,320 --> 01:17:34,000
TRANSMISSION OF RESULTS SO OTHER

1864
01:17:34,000 --> 01:17:35,160
SCIENTISTS CAN IMMEDIATELY BEGIN

1865
01:17:35,160 --> 01:17:39,040
BUILDING ON THOSE FINDINGS AND 

1866
01:17:39,040 --> 01:17:40,880
YOU HOPE FOR GEOMETRIC 

1867
01:17:40,880 --> 01:17:43,160
PROGRESSION WHERE ULTIMATELY YOU

1868
01:17:43,160 --> 01:17:44,080
GET A RAPID INCREASE IN THE PACE

1869
01:17:44,080 --> 01:17:46,240
OF THE SCIENCE.

1870
01:17:46,240 --> 01:17:48,240
SO WITH THIS IN MIND, THIS IS 

1871
01:17:48,240 --> 01:17:52,520
SOMETHING THAT HAD BEEN DONE IN 

1872
01:17:52,520 --> 01:17:53,520
THE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 

1873
01:17:53,520 --> 01:17:58,680
COMMUNITY SINCE THE EARLY '90s 

1874
01:17:58,680 --> 01:18:01,840
AND WE LAUNCHED OTHERS TO BRING 

1875
01:18:01,840 --> 01:18:04,000
THIS APPROACH TO THE BIOMEDICAL 

1876
01:18:04,000 --> 01:18:04,240
SCIENCES.

1877
01:18:04,240 --> 01:18:08,040
IT'S AN IMPORTANT DISTINCTION TO

1878
01:18:08,040 --> 01:18:10,120
MAKE IN THE CONTEXT OF 

1879
01:18:10,120 --> 01:18:12,720
RESPONSIBLE DISSEMINATION THAT 

1880
01:18:12,720 --> 01:18:14,360
META-ARCHIVE WAS BUILT AS A 

1881
01:18:14,360 --> 01:18:17,560
SEPARATE SERVER AND OPERATED 

1882
01:18:17,560 --> 01:18:19,120
ALONGSIDE YALE AND BMJ BECAUSE 

1883
01:18:19,120 --> 01:18:27,000
WE FELL  -- FELT CLINICIANS 

1884
01:18:27,000 --> 01:18:29,560
NEEDED TO BE INVOLVED AND 

1885
01:18:29,560 --> 01:18:31,080
CLINICAL FINDINGS AND PATIENT 

1886
01:18:31,080 --> 01:18:31,720
INFORMATION NEEDED ADDITIONAL 

1887
01:18:31,720 --> 01:18:42,400
SCREENING AND A HIGHER LEVEL OF 

1888
01:18:42,400 --> 01:18:44,520
RESPONSIBILITY OF BASIC BIOLOGY.

1889
01:18:44,520 --> 01:18:47,240
WE GET AROUND 4,000 SUBMISSIONS 

1890
01:18:47,240 --> 01:18:49,520
A MONTH, 8 MILLION VIEW THE SITE

1891
01:18:49,520 --> 01:18:51,680
EVERY MONTH AND MORE THAN 70% OF

1892
01:18:51,680 --> 01:18:53,040
THE PAPERS ARE SUBSEQUENTLY 

1893
01:18:53,040 --> 01:18:54,400
PUBLISH IN JOURNALS WHICH I 

1894
01:18:54,400 --> 01:19:01,920
THINK SPEAKS TO THE FACT YOU'RE 

1895
01:19:01,920 --> 01:19:05,920
LOOKING AT THE SAME INFORMATION 

1896
01:19:05,920 --> 01:19:09,760
AN JOURNALED AND INTEGRATED SO 

1897
01:19:09,760 --> 01:19:15,960
THERE CAN BE RAPID TRANSFER OF 

1898
01:19:15,960 --> 01:19:17,840
MANUSCRIPTS BETWEEN THE TWO.

1899
01:19:17,840 --> 01:19:19,920
WE'VE SEEN A LAUNCH OF A NUMBER 

1900
01:19:19,920 --> 01:19:23,080
OF PREPRINT SERVERS IN OTHER 

1901
01:19:23,080 --> 01:19:23,880
DISCIPLINES INCLUDING CHEMISTRY,

1902
01:19:23,880 --> 01:19:25,640
SOCIAL SCIENCE, PSYCHOLOGY.

1903
01:19:25,640 --> 01:19:28,280
I MAKE THIS POINT REALLY JUST TO

1904
01:19:28,280 --> 01:19:31,400
INDICATE THAT I THINK THIS 

1905
01:19:31,400 --> 01:19:35,720
DEMONSTRATES PRE PRINTS PRE-PEER

1906
01:19:35,720 --> 01:19:38,800
REVIEW IS BECOMING A NEW NORM 

1907
01:19:38,800 --> 01:19:41,120
WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.

1908
01:19:41,120 --> 01:19:42,240
MANY PEOPLE IN THE MEDICAL 

1909
01:19:42,240 --> 01:19:46,400
SPHERE BEGAN TO APPRECIATE THIS 

1910
01:19:46,400 --> 01:19:47,880
MORE THAN EVER DURING THE 

1911
01:19:47,880 --> 01:19:48,280
PANDEMIC.

1912
01:19:48,280 --> 01:19:50,920
BIO ARCHIVE AND META-ARCHIVE WE 

1913
01:19:50,920 --> 01:19:52,440
POSTED OVER 20,000 COVID PAPERS.

1914
01:19:52,440 --> 01:19:55,880
IT STARTED WITH THE ORIGINAL 

1915
01:19:55,880 --> 01:19:57,000
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FINDINGS OUT OF 

1916
01:19:57,000 --> 01:20:02,320
CHINA AND THEN THE EMERGENCE OF 

1917
01:20:02,320 --> 01:20:06,360
THE CLINICAL TRIAL AND FOR DEX 

1918
01:20:06,360 --> 01:20:07,920
METH AZONE AND SAW THE 

1919
01:20:07,920 --> 01:20:08,760
APPEARANCE OF VACCINES IN A 

1920
01:20:08,760 --> 01:20:11,760
NUMBER OF STUDIES ON HOW 

1921
01:20:11,760 --> 01:20:12,360
EFFECTIVE THEY'D BEEN AGAINST 

1922
01:20:12,360 --> 01:20:18,400
THE DIFFERENT VARIANTS.

1923
01:20:18,400 --> 01:20:24,680
AND WITH THE PURPOSES OF N  

1924
01:20:24,680 --> 01:20:27,040
NSABB WE'RE ALSO POSTING 

1925
01:20:27,040 --> 01:20:31,080
VIROLOGY AND THAT RAISES THE OF 

1926
01:20:31,080 --> 01:20:31,680
DUAL-USE RESEARCH OF CONCERN AND

1927
01:20:31,680 --> 01:20:32,440
PPP ETCETERA.

1928
01:20:32,440 --> 01:20:34,240
THE OTHER THING SO MENTION ABOUT

1929
01:20:34,240 --> 01:20:41,800
THE PANDEMIC OF COURSE IS THAT 

1930
01:20:41,800 --> 01:20:43,920
SCIENTISTS LIKE AT THE W.H.O. 

1931
01:20:43,920 --> 01:20:48,760
AND ANTHONY FAUCI AND OTHERS 

1932
01:20:48,760 --> 01:20:51,000
CREDITED THE PREPRINT SERVER 

1933
01:20:51,000 --> 01:20:53,320
DURING THE PANDEMIC AS A WAY OF 

1934
01:20:53,320 --> 01:20:55,000
RAPID SHARING OF COVID-19 

1935
01:20:55,000 --> 01:20:55,280
RESEARCH.

1936
01:20:55,280 --> 01:20:57,040
AGAIN, I THINK IT ILLUSTRATES 

1937
01:20:57,040 --> 01:21:01,880
THE FACT THIS IS PART OF THE NEW

1938
01:21:01,880 --> 01:21:03,320
NORM AND A PART OF THE 

1939
01:21:03,320 --> 01:21:08,080
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1940
01:21:08,080 --> 01:21:13,760
NOW AND INDEED THERE'S MANDATES 

1941
01:21:13,760 --> 01:21:14,480
WHEN A PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY 

1942
01:21:14,480 --> 01:21:18,400
INFORMATION SHOULD BE SHARED IN 

1943
01:21:18,400 --> 01:21:27,520
THIS WAY IN THE FORM OF 

1944
01:21:27,520 --> 01:21:27,960
PREPRINTS.

1945
01:21:27,960 --> 01:21:30,480
I WANTED TO GIVE EXAMPLES OF 

1946
01:21:30,480 --> 01:21:32,640
WHAT WE CONSIDER THE RESPONSIBLE

1947
01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:37,000
STEWARDSHIP OF THIS NON-PEER 

1948
01:21:37,000 --> 01:21:38,440
REVIEWED INFORMATION ON 

1949
01:21:38,440 --> 01:21:39,960
BIOARCHIVE AND META-ARCHIVE AND 

1950
01:21:39,960 --> 01:21:42,680
THERE'S A DISCLAIMER IT'S NOT 

1951
01:21:42,680 --> 01:21:46,480
BEEN PEER-REVIEWED AND AN 

1952
01:21:46,480 --> 01:21:49,640
EXPLANATION AND AUTHORS MUST 

1953
01:21:49,640 --> 01:21:54,400
MAKE DECLARATIONS AND COMPETING 

1954
01:21:54,400 --> 01:21:57,440
INTERESTS AND PARTICIPANT 

1955
01:21:57,440 --> 01:21:58,400
CONSENT AND CLINICAL TRIALS MUST

1956
01:21:58,400 --> 01:22:01,840
BE REGISTERED AND ETHICS MUST BE

1957
01:22:01,840 --> 01:22:03,360
THERE FOR CERTAIN TIMES OF 

1958
01:22:03,360 --> 01:22:06,440
RESEARCH THAT MERITS IRB 

1959
01:22:06,440 --> 01:22:11,080
OVERSIGHT.

1960
01:22:11,080 --> 01:22:12,280
THIS IS ONE OF THE KEY SLIDES 

1961
01:22:12,280 --> 01:22:14,400
FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS 

1962
01:22:14,400 --> 01:22:16,760
AUDIENCE THAT ALL THE PREPRINTS 

1963
01:22:16,760 --> 01:22:18,440
ARE SCREENED BEFORE THEY GO 

1964
01:22:18,440 --> 01:22:18,640
LIVE.

1965
01:22:18,640 --> 01:22:21,240
WHEN AN AUTHOR SUBMIT AS A 

1966
01:22:21,240 --> 01:22:23,880
PAPER, SCIENTIFICALLY QUALIFIED 

1967
01:22:23,880 --> 01:22:24,720
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IN-HOUSE 

1968
01:22:24,720 --> 01:22:26,400
LOOK AT THE PAPER AND A NUMBER 

1969
01:22:26,400 --> 01:22:28,240
OF PAPERS ARE TURNED AWAY.

1970
01:22:28,240 --> 01:22:31,000
IF IT PASS CHECK, IT GOES TO 

1971
01:22:31,000 --> 01:22:33,000
GROUP OF ACTIVE SCIENTISTS AND 

1972
01:22:33,000 --> 01:22:34,920
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WHO LOOK AT

1973
01:22:34,920 --> 01:22:36,840
PAPERS AND ABLE TO FLAG PAPERS 

1974
01:22:36,840 --> 01:22:40,800
THEY FEEL MAY BE SOME CONCERN 

1975
01:22:40,800 --> 01:22:43,480
ABOUT AND SUCH PAPERS ARE THEN 

1976
01:22:43,480 --> 01:22:44,120
ESCALATED TO CONSIDERATION BY 

1977
01:22:44,120 --> 01:22:45,280
THE LEADERSHIP.

1978
01:22:45,280 --> 01:22:47,160
IT'S NOT LIKE PUSHING A BUTTON 

1979
01:22:47,160 --> 01:22:51,800
AND EVERYTHING GOING LIVE.

1980
01:22:51,800 --> 01:22:54,600
THESE THINGS ARE SCREENED AND 

1981
01:22:54,600 --> 01:22:55,520
WE'RE SCREENING FOR PAPERS 

1982
01:22:55,520 --> 01:22:59,560
NONSENSE OR NON-SCIENCE OR DON'T

1983
01:22:59,560 --> 01:23:00,200
APPEAR TO BE RESEARCH.

1984
01:23:00,200 --> 01:23:05,480
MAYBE THEY'RE OPINION OR MAY BE 

1985
01:23:05,480 --> 01:23:07,200
PLAGIARIZED AND WHETHER IT MAY 

1986
01:23:07,200 --> 01:23:08,760
BE DANGEROUS TO DISSEMINATE THE 

1987
01:23:08,760 --> 01:23:09,360
MATERIAL.

1988
01:23:09,360 --> 01:23:11,240
WHAT WE MEAN BY DANGEROUS IS 

1989
01:23:11,240 --> 01:23:14,160
ESSENTIALLY WHAT WE CALL OUR 

1990
01:23:14,160 --> 01:23:15,840
DO-NO-HARM RULES.

1991
01:23:15,840 --> 01:23:17,280
PAPERS THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL 

1992
01:23:17,280 --> 01:23:20,680
IF ACTED ON BY THE PUBLIC TO 

1993
01:23:20,680 --> 01:23:24,960
CAUSE HARM IF THEY WERE WRONG, 

1994
01:23:24,960 --> 01:23:29,640
COULD IT CAUSE HARM?

1995
01:23:29,640 --> 01:23:31,760
PAPERS ON VACCINES AND WE TURNED

1996
01:23:31,760 --> 01:23:38,400
AWAY A NUMBER OF THOSE TYPES OF 

1997
01:23:38,400 --> 01:23:42,760
PAPERS, INFECTIOUS DISEASE 

1998
01:23:42,760 --> 01:23:46,440
TRANSMISSION AND IF A PAPER SAID

1999
01:23:46,440 --> 01:23:53,160
HIV IS NOT TRANSMISSIBLE BY 

2000
01:23:53,160 --> 01:23:55,880
INTERCOURSE WE'LL WE'D TURN AWAY

2001
01:23:55,880 --> 01:23:59,360
AND TALKING ABOUT CARCINOGEN TI 

2002
01:23:59,360 --> 01:24:01,840
OF THINGS LIKE SMOKING WE 

2003
01:24:01,840 --> 01:24:03,000
WOULDN'T TAKE THOSE AND GAIN OF 

2004
01:24:03,000 --> 01:24:04,000
FUNCTION AND PPP.

2005
01:24:04,000 --> 01:24:05,640
I THINK ONE OF THE INTERESTING 

2006
01:24:05,640 --> 01:24:07,480
THINGS THAT'S HAPPENED IN THE 

2007
01:24:07,480 --> 01:24:10,200
COURSE OF THE PANDEMIC ASKING 

2008
01:24:10,200 --> 01:24:16,520
OURSELVES WHAT IS A PANDEMIC OF 

2009
01:24:16,520 --> 01:24:17,080
PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL IN THE 

2010
01:24:17,080 --> 01:24:19,200
MIDDLE OF A PANDEMIC AND WHAT 

2011
01:24:19,200 --> 01:24:21,080
WOULD SOMEONE HAVE TO DO TO 

2012
01:24:21,080 --> 01:24:23,320
MERIT THAT GIVEN THERE'S ALREADY

2013
01:24:23,320 --> 01:24:24,040
A PANDEMIC?

2014
01:24:24,040 --> 01:24:25,360
WE'VE WRITTEN A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

2015
01:24:25,360 --> 01:24:27,160
THIS AND I'LL POINT YOU TO THE 

2016
01:24:27,160 --> 01:24:28,880
ARTICLE IN THE BMJ WHERE WE 

2017
01:24:28,880 --> 01:24:30,440
TALKED ABOUT THE CHALLENGE WE 

2018
01:24:30,440 --> 01:24:33,520
FIND HERE.

2019
01:24:33,520 --> 01:24:35,360
ANOTHER ASPECT OF RESPONSIBLE 

2020
01:24:35,360 --> 01:24:38,400
STEWARDSHIP IS THE PAPERS CAN BE

2021
01:24:38,400 --> 01:24:39,600
WITHDRAWN OR AUTHORS CAN REQUEST

2022
01:24:39,600 --> 01:24:43,400
THE PAPERS WITHDRAWN IF WE HEAR 

2023
01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:45,920
OF ETHICAL REACHES OR FRAUD THE 

2024
01:24:45,920 --> 01:24:48,400
PAPER WITHDRAWN AND IT'S AKIN TO

2025
01:24:48,400 --> 01:24:50,480
A JOURNAL RETRACTION AND MORE 

2026
01:24:50,480 --> 01:24:52,280
SEVERE CASE WOULD BE COMPLETE 

2027
01:24:52,280 --> 01:24:55,080
REMOVAL OF THE ARTICLE WHICH WE 

2028
01:24:55,080 --> 01:24:58,320
DO FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT 

2029
01:24:58,320 --> 01:25:01,880
AND RISK TO INDIVIDUALS AND 

2030
01:25:01,880 --> 01:25:04,640
BIOSECURITY WOULD FIT IN THAT 

2031
01:25:04,640 --> 01:25:06,440
CATEGORY AND WE'VE NOT HAD TO DO

2032
01:25:06,440 --> 01:25:08,800
THAT FORTUNATELY.

2033
01:25:08,800 --> 01:25:11,520
I HOPE WHAT I'VE SAID SO FAR 

2034
01:25:11,520 --> 01:25:13,840
INDICATES THE DANGERS OF 

2035
01:25:13,840 --> 01:25:16,400
DISSEMINATION OF THIS TYPE OF 

2036
01:25:16,400 --> 01:25:18,440
MATERIAL WE FEEL ARE ADDRESSED 

2037
01:25:18,440 --> 01:25:19,320
BY SCREENING.

2038
01:25:19,320 --> 01:25:21,320
AND THE ERRORS IN INFORMATION 

2039
01:25:21,320 --> 01:25:22,920
CAN BE ADDRESSED BY COMMENTING 

2040
01:25:22,920 --> 01:25:25,760
AND WITHDRAWING PAPERS BUT I 

2041
01:25:25,760 --> 01:25:28,560
WOULD ECHO SOMETHING MIKE JUST 

2042
01:25:28,560 --> 01:25:28,760
SAID.

2043
01:25:28,760 --> 01:25:31,760
THE IMPORTANT POINT HERE IS THAT

2044
01:25:31,760 --> 01:25:34,680
EVERYTHING GETS PUBLISHED 

2045
01:25:34,680 --> 01:25:35,040
SOMEWHERE.

2046
01:25:35,040 --> 01:25:37,320
IF IT'S SCREENED AND 

2047
01:25:37,320 --> 01:25:42,360
META-ARCHIVE OR BIO ARCHIVED 

2048
01:25:42,360 --> 01:25:44,520
DOES NOT PREVENT THIS BEING ON 

2049
01:25:44,520 --> 01:25:46,800
THE WEB AND THERE'S REPOSITORIES

2050
01:25:46,800 --> 01:25:48,880
THAT HAVE LITTLE TO NO SCREENING

2051
01:25:48,880 --> 01:25:49,800
WHATSOEVER AND WE'VE SEEN 

2052
01:25:49,800 --> 01:25:53,760
MATERIAL THAT IS TURNED AWAY FOR

2053
01:25:53,760 --> 01:25:55,760
META-ARCHIVE AND BIO ARCHIVE 

2054
01:25:55,760 --> 01:25:58,640
APPEAR IN PLACES OFFERING 

2055
01:25:58,640 --> 01:26:03,160
PLATFORMS LIKE AUTHORIA AND 

2056
01:26:03,160 --> 01:26:04,560
RESEARCH GATE, LITTLE TO NO 

2057
01:26:04,560 --> 01:26:06,280
SCREENING OF CONTENT THERE AND 

2058
01:26:06,280 --> 01:26:07,880
THERE'S LAB WEBSITES AND THE WEB

2059
01:26:07,880 --> 01:26:08,720
AS A WHOLE.

2060
01:26:08,720 --> 01:26:16,120
I THINK ONE HAS TO BE AWARE 

2061
01:26:16,120 --> 01:26:19,040
THERE ARE UNVETTED OUTSETS AND 

2062
01:26:19,040 --> 01:26:20,360
IT'S TOO LATE IN THE GAME TO 

2063
01:26:20,360 --> 01:26:22,040
EXPECT THE GATE KEEPING TO 

2064
01:26:22,040 --> 01:26:22,960
HAPPEN HERE.

2065
01:26:22,960 --> 01:26:24,840
ALSO, WHEN WE THINK OF THE 

2066
01:26:24,840 --> 01:26:29,200
JOURNALS AT A SYSTEMIC LEVEL, 

2067
01:26:29,200 --> 01:26:30,440
THERE'S QUESTIONABLE 

2068
01:26:30,440 --> 01:26:34,240
EFFECTIVENESS AND THE 

2069
01:26:34,240 --> 01:26:35,040
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE STUDIES CAME 

2070
01:26:35,040 --> 01:26:37,680
OUT AND THE PAPERS SAYING IT 

2071
01:26:37,680 --> 01:26:40,840
CAME FROM 5G TOWERS OR COMMENTS 

2072
01:26:40,840 --> 01:26:42,880
FROM ALLEGEDLY PEER-REVIEWED 

2073
01:26:42,880 --> 01:26:43,920
JOURNALS SO THE ONE THING I'D 

2074
01:26:43,920 --> 01:26:47,560
QUESTION IS WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE

2075
01:26:47,560 --> 01:26:50,320
MORE PREDATORY ACTORS IN THE 

2076
01:26:50,320 --> 01:26:51,760
SPACE I'M FAR FROM CONVINCED 

2077
01:26:51,760 --> 01:26:55,920
THEY'D BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY 

2078
01:26:55,920 --> 01:26:58,000
RESEARCH OF CONCERN LET ALONE 

2079
01:26:58,000 --> 01:26:58,760
ELIMINATE IT.

2080
01:26:58,760 --> 01:27:01,000
I FEEL LIKE I'M ECHOING A LOT OF

2081
01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:02,400
THE CONCLUSIONS MIKE DREW.

2082
01:27:02,400 --> 01:27:04,480
WE NEED JOINED UP THINKING ON 

2083
01:27:04,480 --> 01:27:05,480
THIS.

2084
01:27:05,480 --> 01:27:07,280
FIRST AND FOREMOST, EDUCATING 

2085
01:27:07,280 --> 01:27:08,640
RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT.

2086
01:27:08,640 --> 01:27:11,800
ONE OF THE THINGS WE NOTICED IN 

2087
01:27:11,800 --> 01:27:12,760
META-ARCHIVE IS A LOT OF PEOPLE 

2088
01:27:12,760 --> 01:27:15,640
DURING THE PANDEMIC PIVOTED TO 

2089
01:27:15,640 --> 01:27:18,440
COVID-19 AND IT WAS NOT ALWAYS 

2090
01:27:18,440 --> 01:27:22,920
CLEAR THEY WERE AWARE OF THE 

2091
01:27:22,920 --> 01:27:24,800
RESPONSIBILITIES THEY HAD THERE.

2092
01:27:24,800 --> 01:27:27,560
WE POINTED TO SOME AUTHORS OR 

2093
01:27:27,560 --> 01:27:29,800
META-ARCHIVE WE DIDN'T FEEL WERE

2094
01:27:29,800 --> 01:27:31,080
THE APPROPRIATE ETHICAL 

2095
01:27:31,080 --> 01:27:33,560
OVERSIGHT HAPPENED ON THEIR 

2096
01:27:33,560 --> 01:27:33,800
PAPERS.

2097
01:27:33,800 --> 01:27:35,320
YOU COULD IMAGINE THIS HAPPENING

2098
01:27:35,320 --> 01:27:38,440
WITH SOMEBODY WHO PIVOTED TO 

2099
01:27:38,440 --> 01:27:41,200
WORKING ON COVID-19 AND WAS NOT 

2100
01:27:41,200 --> 01:27:43,480
AWARE OF THE APPROPRIATE BIO 

2101
01:27:43,480 --> 01:27:46,240
SAFETY PROCEDURES AS OTHERS HAVE

2102
01:27:46,240 --> 01:27:48,160
SAID, WE NEED INTERNATIONAL 

2103
01:27:48,160 --> 01:27:49,920
GUIDELINES TO GRANT OVERSIGHT 

2104
01:27:49,920 --> 01:27:52,520
AND ENCOURAGE INSTITUTIONAL 

2105
01:27:52,520 --> 01:27:52,800
OVERSIGHT.

2106
01:27:52,800 --> 01:27:55,720
I THINK ONE COULD THINK ABOUT 

2107
01:27:55,720 --> 01:27:58,400
HERE IS THE APPROACH OF 

2108
01:27:58,400 --> 01:27:59,280
PRE-REGISTERING EXPERIMENTS.

2109
01:27:59,280 --> 01:28:01,840
THERE ARE SOME FIELDS OF SCIENCE

2110
01:28:01,840 --> 01:28:03,480
AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, FOR EXAMPLE,

2111
01:28:03,480 --> 01:28:04,680
WHERE PAPERS ARE PUBLISHED 

2112
01:28:04,680 --> 01:28:06,400
BEFORE THE EXPERIMENTS ARE 

2113
01:28:06,400 --> 01:28:07,760
CONDUCTED WHICH ESSENTIALLY 

2114
01:28:07,760 --> 01:28:10,240
OUTLINE EXACTLY WHAT IS GOING TO

2115
01:28:10,240 --> 01:28:16,400
BE DONE SO WHEN THE RESEARCH IS 

2116
01:28:16,400 --> 01:28:17,480
PERFORMED, IT CAN BE COMPARED TO

2117
01:28:17,480 --> 01:28:18,440
THE RESEARCH PLAN.

2118
01:28:18,440 --> 01:28:19,680
ONE MIGHT THINK ABOUT WHETHER 

2119
01:28:19,680 --> 01:28:21,840
THAT'S A GOOD IDEA FOR CERTAIN 

2120
01:28:21,840 --> 01:28:23,800
TYPES OF RESEARCH BECAUSE IT 

2121
01:28:23,800 --> 01:28:26,840
WOULD ENABLE ESSENTIALLY A 

2122
01:28:26,840 --> 01:28:28,720
BROADER GROUP OF PEOPLE TO LOOK 

2123
01:28:28,720 --> 01:28:31,480
AT THE RESEARCH PLAN AND ASSESS 

2124
01:28:31,480 --> 01:28:32,200
WHETHER OR NOT THAT WORK SHOULD 

2125
01:28:32,200 --> 01:28:38,360
BE DONE.

2126
01:28:38,360 --> 01:28:39,800
FINALLY, GIVEN THE RESEARCH CAN 

2127
01:28:39,800 --> 01:28:41,680
END UP IN A LOT OF PLACES, A LOT

2128
01:28:41,680 --> 01:28:44,080
OF DIFFERENT PLACES, I WOULD 

2129
01:28:44,080 --> 01:28:47,800
ENCOURAGE FUNDERS TO ENDORSE 

2130
01:28:47,800 --> 01:28:49,640
RESPONSIBLE OUTLETS FOR RESEARCH

2131
01:28:49,640 --> 01:28:53,120
AND META-ARCHIVE AND BIO ARCHIVE

2132
01:28:53,120 --> 01:28:54,440
KNOWN TO TAKE THESE THINGS 

2133
01:28:54,440 --> 01:28:57,480
SERIOUSLY AND THAT WOULD BE A 

2134
01:28:57,480 --> 01:28:58,440
CARROT FOR AUTHORS TO 

2135
01:28:58,440 --> 01:29:01,400
ESSENTIALLY BEHAVE WELL IF THEY 

2136
01:29:01,400 --> 01:29:04,600
GO TO RESPONSIBLE OUTLETS AND 

2137
01:29:04,600 --> 01:29:05,200
THOSE PERCEIVED AS BEING 

2138
01:29:05,200 --> 01:29:07,320
RECOGNIZED BY THEIR FOUNDING 

2139
01:29:07,320 --> 01:29:09,360
BODIES, IS ANOTHER STEP IN THE 

2140
01:29:09,360 --> 01:29:12,600
CHAIN THAT WOULD ALLOW US TO 

2141
01:29:12,600 --> 01:29:14,440
MINIMIZE THE LIKELIHOOD THAT 

2142
01:29:14,440 --> 01:29:15,080
DANGEROUS WORK GETS OUT IN THE 

2143
01:29:15,080 --> 01:29:17,960
WORLD.

2144
01:29:17,960 --> 01:29:18,480
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

2145
01:29:18,480 --> 01:29:29,040
THAT'S REALLY ALL I HAVE TO SAY.

2146
01:29:31,320 --> 01:29:39,680
>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR
COMMENTS.

2147
01:29:39,680 --> 01:29:42,280
I THOUGHT ABOUT THE NEED FOR 

2148
01:29:42,280 --> 01:29:45,960
LOCAL ENHANCED RESPONSIBILITY 

2149
01:29:45,960 --> 01:29:47,640
AND P.I. ACCOUNTABILITY AND SOME

2150
01:29:47,640 --> 01:29:50,320
OF YOUR COMMENTS ALLUDED TO THAT

2151
01:29:50,320 --> 01:29:51,840
WOULD BE NECESSARY IN 

2152
01:29:51,840 --> 01:29:52,720
PRE-THINKING WHAT'S A 

2153
01:29:52,720 --> 01:29:54,440
RESPONSIBLE WAY TO COMMUNICATE 

2154
01:29:54,440 --> 01:29:59,360
THE RESULTS AND ANTICIPATED AND 

2155
01:29:59,360 --> 01:29:59,840
UNANTICIPATED RESULTS.

2156
01:29:59,840 --> 01:30:01,280
THAT'S PARTS OF OUR DISCUSSION 

2157
01:30:01,280 --> 01:30:03,280
AS WE MOVE TO THE NEXT PHASE 

2158
01:30:03,280 --> 01:30:05,080
WHICH IS OUR DISCUSSION.

2159
01:30:05,080 --> 01:30:07,920
SO I INVITE NOW THE MEMBERS OF 

2160
01:30:07,920 --> 01:30:13,520
THE NSABB TO COME BACK ON AND 

2161
01:30:13,520 --> 01:30:15,440
THE FLOOR IS OPEN FOR QUESTIONS 

2162
01:30:15,440 --> 01:30:20,760
FOR OUR TWO PRESENTERS.

2163
01:30:20,760 --> 01:30:26,960
I SEE DR. METZGER HAS HIS HANDS 

2164
01:30:26,960 --> 01:30:27,360
UP FIRST.

2165
01:30:27,360 --> 01:30:27,880
>> THANK YOU.

2166
01:30:27,880 --> 01:30:33,800
IT SEEMS FROM THE COMMENTS OF 

2167
01:30:33,800 --> 01:30:34,880
BOTH SPEAKERS MANY OF THESE 

2168
01:30:34,880 --> 01:30:37,040
ISSUES COULD BE TAKEN CARE OF AT

2169
01:30:37,040 --> 01:30:37,960
THE BEGINNING WHEN INVESTIGATORS

2170
01:30:37,960 --> 01:30:40,600
ARE THINKING ABOUT WORKING WITH 

2171
01:30:40,600 --> 01:30:41,280
A PATHOGEN.

2172
01:30:41,280 --> 01:30:43,760
I KNOW IF I WANT TO WORK WITH 

2173
01:30:43,760 --> 01:30:45,760
ANIMALS I HAVE TO GET APPROVAL 

2174
01:30:45,760 --> 01:30:54,400
BEFORE I CAN EVEN ORDER AN 

2175
01:30:54,400 --> 01:31:03,880
ANIMAL.

2176
01:31:03,880 --> 01:31:06,200
AND WHAT WILL I DO WITH THE 

2177
01:31:06,200 --> 01:31:07,280
SELECT AGENT.

2178
01:31:07,280 --> 01:31:08,240
THE CDC HAS TO APPROVE MY 

2179
01:31:08,240 --> 01:31:18,480
RESEARCH PLAN.

2180
01:31:18,880 --> 01:31:21,480
IT WOULD SEEM IF WE HAD A 

2181
01:31:21,480 --> 01:31:25,920
SIMILAR REQUIREMENT FOR THE IBC 

2182
01:31:25,920 --> 01:31:28,360
AND THE INSTITUTION TO REVIEW 

2183
01:31:28,360 --> 01:31:30,120
WHAT THE INDIVIDUAL WILL BE 

2184
01:31:30,120 --> 01:31:32,520
DOING WITH A PARTICULAR MICROBE,

2185
01:31:32,520 --> 01:31:33,400
THAT MIGHT RESOLVE SOME OF THE 

2186
01:31:33,400 --> 01:31:40,480
ISSUES WE'RE FACING.

2187
01:31:40,480 --> 01:31:42,120
IF THE IBC HAS A CLEARING 

2188
01:31:42,120 --> 01:31:43,760
UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT THAT ROLE 

2189
01:31:43,760 --> 01:31:44,560
IS SUPPOSED.

2190
01:31:44,560 --> 01:31:45,880
.

2191
01:31:45,880 --> 01:31:50,000
I WONDERED IF I CAN GET YOUR 

2192
01:31:50,000 --> 01:31:58,800
THOUGHTS ABOUT THAT.

2193
01:31:58,800 --> 01:32:01,200
AND IF UNEXPECTED RESULTS ARE 

2194
01:32:01,200 --> 01:32:02,640
OBTAINED WOULD HAVE TO BE 

2195
01:32:02,640 --> 01:32:06,200
REPORTED TO THE IBC AS IF I WANT

2196
01:32:06,200 --> 01:32:07,960
TO INJECT SOME NEW SUBSTANCE 

2197
01:32:07,960 --> 01:32:11,280
INTO A NEW ANIMAL I HADN'T BEEN 

2198
01:32:11,280 --> 01:32:14,280
PREVIOUSLY APPROVED FOR I HAVE 

2199
01:32:14,280 --> 01:32:20,280
TO GET APPROVED FOR THAT AND IF 

2200
01:32:20,280 --> 01:32:21,480
I MAKE CHANGES IN THE PLAN HAS A

2201
01:32:21,480 --> 01:32:28,120
TO GO TO THE IBC FOR APPROVAL.

2202
01:32:28,120 --> 01:32:30,720
LIKED TO HEAR THE THOUGHTS OF 

2203
01:32:30,720 --> 01:32:40,960
THE SPEAKERS.

2204
01:32:57,000 --> 01:33:07,400
>> SOMEBODY HAS A HOT MIC.

2205
01:33:12,320 --> 01:33:13,240
HELLO, CAN SOMEBODY MUTE?

2206
01:33:13,240 --> 01:33:17,680
>> LIKE I WAS SAYING, THE 

2207
01:33:17,680 --> 01:33:19,880
CONCLUSION WITH HANDING IT OFF 

2208
01:33:19,880 --> 01:33:22,480
TO THE IBCs IS THERE'S GOING TO 

2209
01:33:22,480 --> 01:33:24,720
BE A LOT OF INCONSISTENCY AND 

2210
01:33:24,720 --> 01:33:26,120
MANY IBCs DON'T HAVE THE 

2211
01:33:26,120 --> 01:33:28,080
REQUIRED PERSONNEL TO MAKE THESE

2212
01:33:28,080 --> 01:33:29,520
KINDS OF DECISIONS.

2213
01:33:29,520 --> 01:33:33,640
WE'RE HAVING A HARD ENOUGH TIME 

2214
01:33:33,640 --> 01:33:35,920
AT THE JOURNAL LEVEL WHERE WHERE

2215
01:33:35,920 --> 01:33:38,400
WE'RE EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF 

2216
01:33:38,400 --> 01:33:39,920
VIROLOGY AND OTHER PATHOGENS.

2217
01:33:39,920 --> 01:33:40,760
I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE 

2218
01:33:40,760 --> 01:33:43,960
PROBLEMS THERE IS TRYING TO GET 

2219
01:33:43,960 --> 01:33:51,720
THAT CONSISTENCY.

2220
01:33:51,720 --> 01:33:53,320
IF WE THINK ABOUT AN ADDITIONAL 

2221
01:33:53,320 --> 01:33:55,480
LEVEL OF SCRUTINY, WE HAVE TO 

2222
01:33:55,480 --> 01:34:00,280
MAKE SURE WE'RE NOT THROWING 

2223
01:34:00,280 --> 01:34:01,920
HAND IN THE GEARS.

2224
01:34:01,920 --> 01:34:03,680
FIRST, DO NO HARM HAS TO BE BE 

2225
01:34:03,680 --> 01:34:05,960
AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION.

2226
01:34:05,960 --> 01:34:07,640
>> MY RESPONSE IS THE
EXPERTISE 

2227
01:34:07,640 --> 01:34:10,760
ISN'T AVAILABLE, YOU CONTRACT 

2228
01:34:10,760 --> 01:34:13,960
OUT WITH EXTERNAL IBC TO GET 

2229
01:34:13,960 --> 01:34:24,240
THAT EXPERTISE.

2230
01:34:26,000 --> 01:34:28,600
I ALSO THINK THERE INTO TO BE 

2231
01:34:28,600 --> 01:34:30,400
OVERSIGHT AND FOR ANIMALS IT'S 

2232
01:34:30,400 --> 01:34:38,760
THE OFFICE OF ANIMAL WELFARE.

2233
01:34:38,760 --> 01:34:43,560
AS FAR AS PUTTING SAND IN THE 

2234
01:34:43,560 --> 01:34:45,720
GEARS, I ACTUALLY THINK IT WOULD

2235
01:34:45,720 --> 01:34:51,400
SPEED THINGS UP BECAUSE WE HEARD

2236
01:34:51,400 --> 01:34:52,400
FROM INVESTIGATORS THAT 

2237
01:34:52,400 --> 01:34:53,880
SUBMITTED A GRANT AND TOOK A 

2238
01:34:53,880 --> 01:34:55,920
YEAR TO HEAR BACK THAT GRANT 

2239
01:34:55,920 --> 01:34:58,280
WASN'T GOING TO GET FUNDED.

2240
01:34:58,280 --> 01:35:03,240
THIS WOULD SPEED THE WHOLE 

2241
01:35:03,240 --> 01:35:04,520
PROCESS UP AND LEAD TO 

2242
01:35:04,520 --> 01:35:05,760
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION, 

2243
01:35:05,760 --> 01:35:08,920
FOR EXAMPLE, IF THERE'S 

2244
01:35:08,920 --> 01:35:09,160
CONCERNS.

2245
01:35:09,160 --> 01:35:10,400
I THINK THOSE CONCERNS COULD BE 

2246
01:35:10,400 --> 01:35:20,600
OVERCOME.

2247
01:35:21,720 --> 01:35:26,640
>> ON META-ARCHIVE WE
WON'T POST

2248
01:35:26,640 --> 01:35:31,280
A PERSPECTIVE INTERVENTION THAT 

2249
01:35:31,280 --> 01:35:32,080
DOESN'T HAVE A CLINICAL TRIAL 

2250
01:35:32,080 --> 01:35:34,480
I.D. AND YOU CAN SEE THE 

2251
01:35:34,480 --> 01:35:36,320
PERPETUATION DOWN THE CHAIN AND 

2252
01:35:36,320 --> 01:35:38,960
IF YOU DON'T HAVE THAT YOU DON'T

2253
01:35:38,960 --> 01:35:41,000
MOVE FURTHER DOWN THE CHAIN 

2254
01:35:41,000 --> 01:35:43,920
WHICH I THINK MAKES SENSE.

2255
01:35:43,920 --> 01:35:45,440
THIS CAME UP IN THE EARLIER 

2256
01:35:45,440 --> 01:35:47,600
SESSION YOU CAN DO THIS FOR 

2257
01:35:47,600 --> 01:35:49,760
RESEARCH FROM CERTAIN AREAS BUT 

2258
01:35:49,760 --> 01:35:52,480
IF YOU'RE A JOURNAL, IF YOU'RE 

2259
01:35:52,480 --> 01:35:53,800
GETTING NIH-SPONSORED RESEARCH 

2260
01:35:53,800 --> 01:35:55,760
AND THEN GET IT FROM ANOTHER 

2261
01:35:55,760 --> 01:35:58,440
COUNTRY YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT 

2262
01:35:58,440 --> 01:36:00,520
THEIR PROCESS IS LIKE.

2263
01:36:00,520 --> 01:36:01,680
DO YOU END UP THROWING SAND IN 

2264
01:36:01,680 --> 01:36:04,080
THE GEARS OF SOME PEOPLE BUT NOT

2265
01:36:04,080 --> 01:36:05,560
OTHERS THROUGH LACK OF 

2266
01:36:05,560 --> 01:36:05,880
INFORMATION?

2267
01:36:05,880 --> 01:36:08,600
BROADLY, I AGREE WITH THAT AS A 

2268
01:36:08,600 --> 01:36:08,880
STRATEGY.

2269
01:36:08,880 --> 01:36:10,480
I THINK THE DEVIL WILL PROBABLY 

2270
01:36:10,480 --> 01:36:15,080
BE IN THE DETAIL.

2271
01:36:15,080 --> 01:36:16,640
>> CAN I ASK HOW MANY 

2272
01:36:16,640 --> 01:36:17,480
SUBMISSIONS HAVE YOU IDENTIFIED 

2273
01:36:17,480 --> 01:36:22,200
AS POTENTIAL GAIN OF FUNCTION?

2274
01:36:22,200 --> 01:36:22,440
OR P3CO?

2275
01:36:22,440 --> 01:36:32,880
>> I WOULD SAY THAT WE'VE 

2276
01:36:32,880 --> 01:36:37,640
PROBABLY HAD WE MIGHT HAVE HAD 

2277
01:36:37,640 --> 01:36:39,480
SOMETHING LIKE 20 OR 25 WHERE 

2278
01:36:39,480 --> 01:36:42,480
THE QUESTION WAS ASKED 

2279
01:36:42,480 --> 01:36:44,400
INTERNALLY BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY 

2280
01:36:44,400 --> 01:36:46,440
PARTICULARLY WITH THE COVID 

2281
01:36:46,440 --> 01:36:48,200
PANDEMIC THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE

2282
01:36:48,200 --> 01:36:50,400
CERTAINLY DOING -- DOING STUDIES

2283
01:36:50,400 --> 01:36:55,200
WITH PSEUDO VIRUS AND LIVE 

2284
01:36:55,200 --> 01:36:55,400
VIRUS.

2285
01:36:55,400 --> 01:36:56,720
IT COMES BACK TO THE QUESTION I 

2286
01:36:56,720 --> 01:36:59,200
ASKED EARLIER IF IT'S ALREADY A 

2287
01:36:59,200 --> 01:37:00,880
PANDEMIC THE PATHOGEN'S ALREADY 

2288
01:37:00,880 --> 01:37:03,560
OUT THERE AND SOMEBODY'S DOING, 

2289
01:37:03,560 --> 01:37:05,720
FOR EXAMPLE, ANTIBODY CHALLENGES

2290
01:37:05,720 --> 01:37:07,960
AND THERE'S NEW VIRUSES 

2291
01:37:07,960 --> 01:37:10,080
APPEARING IN THE CULTURE, AT 

2292
01:37:10,080 --> 01:37:12,680
WHAT POINT IF THEY START 

2293
01:37:12,680 --> 01:37:13,960
SEQUENCING THOSE IS THAT A 

2294
01:37:13,960 --> 01:37:14,600
BIOSECURITY CHALLENGE?

2295
01:37:14,600 --> 01:37:18,680
WE'VE GONE OUT TO PEOPLE SOME 

2296
01:37:18,680 --> 01:37:20,720
WHO I THINK ARE ON THE CALL IN 

2297
01:37:20,720 --> 01:37:23,640
THE PAST TO ASK ABOUT THINGS 

2298
01:37:23,640 --> 01:37:25,480
LIKE THAT BUT FOR THE VAST 

2299
01:37:25,480 --> 01:37:28,960
MAJORITY OF CASES THE DECISION 

2300
01:37:28,960 --> 01:37:29,760
WAS IT DIDN'T CONSTITUTE 

2301
01:37:29,760 --> 01:37:30,880
SOMETHING THAT WAS A RISK.

2302
01:37:30,880 --> 01:37:33,400
BUT THERE'S BEEN TWO OR THREE 

2303
01:37:33,400 --> 01:37:35,000
OCCASIONS WHERE WE TURN PAPERS 

2304
01:37:35,000 --> 01:37:35,400
AWAY.

2305
01:37:35,400 --> 01:37:40,080
I THINK I SHOULD BE CLEAR HERE, 

2306
01:37:40,080 --> 01:37:41,800
WHEN WE'RE TURNING THEM AWAY 

2307
01:37:41,800 --> 01:37:44,080
FROM BIOOR META-ARCHIVE WE THINK

2308
01:37:44,080 --> 01:37:46,440
THERE'S A POSSIBLE RISK HERE 

2309
01:37:46,440 --> 01:37:48,880
THAT NEEDS TO BE MORE THOROUGHLY

2310
01:37:48,880 --> 01:37:51,000
EVALUATED THAN WE CAN DO AS A 

2311
01:37:51,000 --> 01:37:54,040
PREPRINT SERVICE AND WE HAVE A 

2312
01:37:54,040 --> 01:37:55,800
STANDARD PHRASE WE USE "IT'S 

2313
01:37:55,800 --> 01:38:00,320
BETTER OFF TO PEER REVIEW .  "

2314
01:38:00,320 --> 01:38:02,960
MY SUSPICION THEY THEN GO TO 

2315
01:38:02,960 --> 01:38:04,200
JOURNALS LIKE MIKE SPOKE ABOUT 

2316
01:38:04,200 --> 01:38:08,600
AND THEY GIVE A THOROUGH 

2317
01:38:08,600 --> 01:38:09,240
ANALYSIS AND DECIDE THE 

2318
01:38:09,240 --> 01:38:10,640
APPROPRIATE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 

2319
01:38:10,640 --> 01:38:13,040
HAVE BEEN MET.

2320
01:38:13,040 --> 01:38:14,000
I PERSONALLY HAVE NOT SEEN 

2321
01:38:14,000 --> 01:38:16,000
ANYTHING TERRIFYING AND WORRIED 

2322
01:38:16,000 --> 01:38:17,960
ME ABOUT GOING OUT IN THE WORLD 

2323
01:38:17,960 --> 01:38:20,560
BUT SAW THINGS I THOUGHT NEEDED 

2324
01:38:20,560 --> 01:38:22,440
AN ADDITIONAL LEVEL OF EXPERT 

2325
01:38:22,440 --> 01:38:25,600
SCRUTINY THAN WE COULD OR SHOULD

2326
01:38:25,600 --> 01:38:30,400
PROVIDE ON A PREPRINT SERVER.

2327
01:38:30,400 --> 01:38:31,960
THAT'S FAR FROM UNIQUE TO 

2328
01:38:31,960 --> 01:38:35,000
RESEARCH OF CONCERN.

2329
01:38:35,000 --> 01:38:37,760
THERE ARE AREAS WE HAVE VACCINE 

2330
01:38:37,760 --> 01:38:40,160
SAFETY ISSUES, VARIOUS THINGS 

2331
01:38:40,160 --> 01:38:41,800
WITH PATIENTS AND ISSUES WHERE 

2332
01:38:41,800 --> 01:38:42,400
THERE MAY BE IDENTIFYING 

2333
01:38:42,400 --> 01:38:43,800
INFORMATION ABOUT A CHILD, FOR 

2334
01:38:43,800 --> 01:38:45,960
EXAMPLE AND WE SAY WE SIMPLY 

2335
01:38:45,960 --> 01:38:47,480
CANNOT DO THE APPROPRIATE 

2336
01:38:47,480 --> 01:38:47,760
SCRUTINY.

2337
01:38:47,760 --> 01:38:48,640
THAT'S IN THE VERY SMALL 

2338
01:38:48,640 --> 01:38:51,680
CATEGORY OF PAPERS THAT SHOULD 

2339
01:38:51,680 --> 01:38:55,360
GO THROUGH MUCH MORE THOROUGH 

2340
01:38:55,360 --> 01:38:57,480
PEER-REVIEW AND EDITORIAL 

2341
01:38:57,480 --> 01:38:57,720
REVIEW.

2342
01:38:57,720 --> 01:38:58,040
>> THANKS.

2343
01:38:58,040 --> 01:39:06,680
I THINK KIM'S THE NEXT ONE UP.

2344
01:39:06,680 --> 01:39:07,160
-- KEN.

2345
01:39:07,160 --> 01:39:09,360
>> THIS IS INTERESTING
BECAUSE 

2346
01:39:09,360 --> 01:39:10,400
HANGING AROUND BACK IN THE DAYS 

2347
01:39:10,400 --> 01:39:12,720
IN 2013, 2014 WITH THE SCIENCE 

2348
01:39:12,720 --> 01:39:20,440
AND NATURE ARTICLES, BY THE TIME

2349
01:39:20,440 --> 01:39:23,880
BY THE TIME THE RESEARCH GETS TO

2350
01:39:23,880 --> 01:39:25,880
YOU EVEN AS A PREPRINT IT'S TO 

2351
01:39:25,880 --> 01:39:26,080
LATE.

2352
01:39:26,080 --> 01:39:27,280
IT'S GOING TO GET PUBLISHED.

2353
01:39:27,280 --> 01:39:29,840
IT WOULD BE NICE IF IT WENT TO 

2354
01:39:29,840 --> 01:39:31,960
MICHAEL'S JOURNALS BUT IT WON'T,

2355
01:39:31,960 --> 01:39:33,640
IT WILL GET PUBLISHED ONLINE 

2356
01:39:33,640 --> 01:39:36,720
ANYWAY IF YOU TURN IT AWAY.

2357
01:39:36,720 --> 01:39:39,200
THE PROBLEM IS IF WE'RE LOOKING 

2358
01:39:39,200 --> 01:39:42,080
AT SECURITY BY THE TIME IT GETS 

2359
01:39:42,080 --> 01:39:46,240
TO A PREPRINT JOURNAL IT'S TOO 

2360
01:39:46,240 --> 01:39:46,440
LATE.

2361
01:39:46,440 --> 01:39:49,680
AND THAT BRINGS ME TO ANOTHER 

2362
01:39:49,680 --> 01:39:50,920
POINT, THEY'VE BEEN TALKING 

2363
01:39:50,920 --> 01:39:51,520
ABOUT LOCAL EVALUATION FOR 15 

2364
01:39:51,520 --> 01:39:54,760
YEARS.

2365
01:39:54,760 --> 01:39:55,640
UNFORTUNATELY IT HASN'T BEEN 

2366
01:39:55,640 --> 01:39:56,680
DEALT WITH FOR 15 YEARS AND 

2367
01:39:56,680 --> 01:39:59,680
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO DO HERE.

2368
01:39:59,680 --> 01:40:01,160
THE FIRST SPOT THAT THIS NEEDS 

2369
01:40:01,160 --> 01:40:03,720
TO BE DEALT WITH IS AT THE LOCAL

2370
01:40:03,720 --> 01:40:07,960
IRB OR IBC LEVEL IN SOME FORM.

2371
01:40:07,960 --> 01:40:11,760
IF THE EXCUSE THAT WE DON'T HAVE

2372
01:40:11,760 --> 01:40:12,600
THE EXPERTISE IS CORRECT AND 

2373
01:40:12,600 --> 01:40:14,640
THAT IS WHAT NEEDS TO BE FIXED.

2374
01:40:14,640 --> 01:40:16,680
WE CAN'T JUST SAY WE HAVE NO 

2375
01:40:16,680 --> 01:40:18,960
EXPERTISE SO WE'LL JUST LET IT 

2376
01:40:18,960 --> 01:40:20,000
GO AND LET THE FEDERAL 

2377
01:40:20,000 --> 01:40:21,600
GOVERNMENT DO IT, WHICH THEY 

2378
01:40:21,600 --> 01:40:23,560
WON'T DO, BECAUSE IT'S TOO HARD 

2379
01:40:23,560 --> 01:40:24,880
TO DO THAT MANY EVALUATIONS.

2380
01:40:24,880 --> 01:40:28,240
IT WILL HAVE TO BE DONE AT THE 

2381
01:40:28,240 --> 01:40:30,040
LOCAL LEVEL AND IF THE EXPERTISE

2382
01:40:30,040 --> 01:40:31,600
ISN'T THERE IT'S UP TO US TO 

2383
01:40:31,600 --> 01:40:32,640
RECOMMEND HOW THAT EXPERTISE 

2384
01:40:32,640 --> 01:40:37,960
SHOULD BE ACCESSED AT THE LOCAL 

2385
01:40:37,960 --> 01:40:38,400
LEVEL.

2386
01:40:38,400 --> 01:40:41,720
EITHER THROUGH LOCAL GROUPS, 

2387
01:40:41,720 --> 01:40:42,800
REGIONAL GROUPS OR THROUGH A 

2388
01:40:42,800 --> 01:40:43,920
COMMITTEE -- A LARGER COMMITTEE 

2389
01:40:43,920 --> 01:40:47,200
OUT OF WASHINGTON.

2390
01:40:47,200 --> 01:40:48,760
WE JUST CAN'T KEEP SAYING 10 

2391
01:40:48,760 --> 01:40:53,000
YEARS FROM NOW, SAY 25 YEARS 

2392
01:40:53,000 --> 01:40:54,880
AGO, MICHAEL IMPERIALE SAID IT'S

2393
01:40:54,880 --> 01:40:55,800
THE SAME DISCUSSION WE'RE HAVING

2394
01:40:55,800 --> 01:40:57,840
AND AFRAID IF WE DON'T DEAL WITH

2395
01:40:57,840 --> 01:40:59,880
THE LOCAL LEVEL WE'LL END UP 

2396
01:40:59,880 --> 01:41:02,440
HAVING THE PROBLEM OF 

2397
01:41:02,440 --> 01:41:05,960
PUBLICATION EITHER IN PREPRINTS 

2398
01:41:05,960 --> 01:41:08,760
WHICH MAKE IT EASIER NOW OR HAVE

2399
01:41:08,760 --> 01:41:10,440
THE PROBLEM OF RESULTS BEING 

2400
01:41:10,440 --> 01:41:16,720
AVAILABLE TO ANYBODY WHO WANTS 

2401
01:41:16,720 --> 01:41:18,400
THEM WHETHER OR NOT WE THINK 

2402
01:41:18,400 --> 01:41:21,640
IT'S A GOOD IDEA.

2403
01:41:21,640 --> 01:41:22,400
>> THAT'S TRUE.

2404
01:41:22,400 --> 01:41:24,080
I'M VERY INTERESTED TO HEAR FROM

2405
01:41:24,080 --> 01:41:25,360
MIKE ABOUT SOMETHING THAT I 

2406
01:41:25,360 --> 01:41:30,320
ESSENTIALLY I THOUGHT OF LATE IN

2407
01:41:30,320 --> 01:41:33,920
THE DAY AND THE NOTION OF 

2408
01:41:33,920 --> 01:41:36,000
PREREGISTRATION WHICH HAPPENS IN

2409
01:41:36,000 --> 01:41:39,760
OTHER FIELDS.

2410
01:41:39,760 --> 01:41:41,320
IT HAPPENS IN SOME CLINICAL 

2411
01:41:41,320 --> 01:41:42,480
FIELD AND I UNDERSTAND THE OPEN 

2412
01:41:42,480 --> 01:41:46,440
SCIENCE FRAMEWORK ARE BIG ON THE

2413
01:41:46,440 --> 01:41:48,840
NOTION OF PRE-REGISTRATION THAT 

2414
01:41:48,840 --> 01:41:50,360
ALLOWS TO YOU PUBLISH A RESEARCH

2415
01:41:50,360 --> 01:41:54,440
PLAN AND THEN OF COURSE THAT 

2416
01:41:54,440 --> 01:41:57,360
RESEARCH PLAN PUBLIC AND ENABLES

2417
01:41:57,360 --> 01:41:58,400
THE POSSIBILITY IF YOU DON'T 

2418
01:41:58,400 --> 01:42:00,960
HAVE LOCAL EXPERTISE FOR A 

2419
01:42:00,960 --> 01:42:02,760
BROADER SET OF PEOPLE TO ENGAGE 

2420
01:42:02,760 --> 01:42:05,160
WITH IT FOR IT TO BE FORMALLY 

2421
01:42:05,160 --> 01:42:07,440
PEER REVIEWED, ETCETERA.

2422
01:42:07,440 --> 01:42:11,480
AS I SAID, IT'S UNUSUAL AND IT'S

2423
01:42:11,480 --> 01:42:13,680
UNCOMMON IN BASIC BIOLOGY BUT I 

2424
01:42:13,680 --> 01:42:17,560
WONDER IF IT'S -- I'M INTERESTED

2425
01:42:17,560 --> 01:42:19,520
FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, MIKE, AS 

2426
01:42:19,520 --> 01:42:21,520
AN EDITOR AND RESEARCHER, ONE OF

2427
01:42:21,520 --> 01:42:22,400
THOSE THINGS WHERE YOU 

2428
01:42:22,400 --> 01:42:23,520
FUNDAMENTALLY SAY THIS IS THE 

2429
01:42:23,520 --> 01:42:25,160
PRICE YOU SAY IF YOU'RE GOING TO

2430
01:42:25,160 --> 01:42:27,840
DO THIS TYPE OF RESEARCH IT 

2431
01:42:27,840 --> 01:42:29,680
NEEDS TO BE PREREGISTERED AND 

2432
01:42:29,680 --> 01:42:31,600
SAY WE'RE GOING TO DO THESE 

2433
01:42:31,600 --> 01:42:33,000
THINGS AND TAKE THE INFLUENZA 

2434
01:42:33,000 --> 01:42:34,280
VIRUS AND SAY THIS IS WHAT WE'RE

2435
01:42:34,280 --> 01:42:35,400
GOING TO DO AND GIVES 

2436
01:42:35,400 --> 01:42:38,440
OPPORTUNITY FOR MORE LOCAL AND 

2437
01:42:38,440 --> 01:42:41,320
GRANT FUNDERS TO COMMENT ON 

2438
01:42:41,320 --> 01:42:42,640
WHETHER THIS IS APPROPRIATE 

2439
01:42:42,640 --> 01:42:43,720
INCLUDING EXPERTS WHO YOU MAY 

2440
01:42:43,720 --> 01:42:46,040
NOT BE AWARE OF BECAUSE ONE OF 

2441
01:42:46,040 --> 01:42:47,400
THE CHALLENGES THAT I'VE ASKED 

2442
01:42:47,400 --> 01:42:49,880
MY COLLEAGUES WHEN WE FIRST 

2443
01:42:49,880 --> 01:42:51,600
STARTED THINKING ABOUT THIS TYPE

2444
01:42:51,600 --> 01:42:53,560
OF RESEARCH IS ALL MY COLLEAGUES

2445
01:42:53,560 --> 01:42:54,400
HAVE BEEN INFORMED ABOUT 

2446
01:42:54,400 --> 01:42:59,120
ESSENTIALLY THE SEVEN DEADLY 

2447
01:42:59,120 --> 01:43:00,360
SINS TO IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF 

2448
01:43:00,360 --> 01:43:03,760
THING BUT ONE OF THE PROBLEMS IS

2449
01:43:03,760 --> 01:43:05,640
ALWAYS WHAT IF IT'S A TECHNOLOGY

2450
01:43:05,640 --> 01:43:08,960
THAT YOU LOOK AT AND SOMEBODY 

2451
01:43:08,960 --> 01:43:16,760
WHO'S NOT   SUFFICIENTLY EXPERT 

2452
01:43:16,760 --> 01:43:17,800
AND DOESN'T THINK IT'S A CONCERN

2453
01:43:17,800 --> 01:43:20,200
BUT CAN BE USED IN A WAY THAT'S 

2454
01:43:20,200 --> 01:43:20,680
CONCERNING.

2455
01:43:20,680 --> 01:43:23,080
IF SOMEBODY CREATED A NEW FORM 

2456
01:43:23,080 --> 01:43:24,720
OF DNA SYNTHESIS THAT WORKED 

2457
01:43:24,720 --> 01:43:26,560
WELL COUPLED WITH VIRAL 

2458
01:43:26,560 --> 01:43:30,400
DELIVERY, SUDDENLY, YOU HAVE TO 

2459
01:43:30,400 --> 01:43:32,920
BE ABLE TO LOOK AT THIS COULD 

2460
01:43:32,920 --> 01:43:35,080
EASILY ALLOW SOMEBODY TO 

2461
01:43:35,080 --> 01:43:37,880
REPLICATE SMALLPOX OR WHATEVER.

2462
01:43:37,880 --> 01:43:39,720
I'M INTERESTED IN WHAT MIKE 

2463
01:43:39,720 --> 01:43:40,640
THINKS ABOUT THAT NOTION?

2464
01:43:40,640 --> 01:43:44,000
>> I'M GLAD YOU BROUGHT
THAT UP.

2465
01:43:44,000 --> 01:43:46,400
I'VE KNOWN ABOUT THESE TYPES OF 

2466
01:43:46,400 --> 01:43:48,440
PUBLICATIONS BUT MOSTLY IN THE 

2467
01:43:48,440 --> 01:43:49,960
CONTEXT OF CLINICAL TRIALS.

2468
01:43:49,960 --> 01:43:51,960
THE PROPOSED TRIAL BEING PUT OUT

2469
01:43:51,960 --> 01:43:53,280
THERE AND THERE'S THE INTENT TO 

2470
01:43:53,280 --> 01:43:54,560
MAKE SURE WHEN THEY DID THE 

2471
01:43:54,560 --> 01:43:55,920
TRIAL THEY DID WHAT THEY SAID 

2472
01:43:55,920 --> 01:43:59,320
THEY WERE GOING DO.

2473
01:43:59,320 --> 01:44:00,680
I HADN'T THOUGHT ABOUT IT A LOT 

2474
01:44:00,680 --> 01:44:03,320
IN THIS CONTEXT.

2475
01:44:03,320 --> 01:44:06,400
MY GUT FEELING IS THAT SO YOU 

2476
01:44:06,400 --> 01:44:08,360
PUBLISH A PRE-PLAN AND MAYBE YOU

2477
01:44:08,360 --> 01:44:11,880
GET FEEDBACK AND THEN WHAT?

2478
01:44:11,880 --> 01:44:12,200
RIGHT?

2479
01:44:12,200 --> 01:44:13,360
I GUESS THAT WOULD HAVE TO BE 

2480
01:44:13,360 --> 01:44:15,240
WORKED OUT SOMEHOW.

2481
01:44:15,240 --> 01:44:16,840
I HAVEN'T THOUGHT ABOUT IT WITH 

2482
01:44:16,840 --> 01:44:18,600
RESPECT TO THE ISSUE AT HAND 

2483
01:44:18,600 --> 01:44:28,800
RIGHT HERE.

2484
01:44:30,480 --> 01:44:30,640
MARK.

2485
01:44:30,640 --> 01:44:30,960
>> GREETINGS.

2486
01:44:30,960 --> 01:44:32,240
I HAD A THEORETICAL THING.

2487
01:44:32,240 --> 01:44:35,640
SO YOU LIKELY IN NEXT COUPLE 

2488
01:44:35,640 --> 01:44:37,960
YEARS WILL BE SEEING A LOT OF 

2489
01:44:37,960 --> 01:44:41,600
PUBLICATIONS COMING IN FROM 

2490
01:44:41,600 --> 01:44:43,560
POTENTIAL ANTIVIRALS FOR 

2491
01:44:43,560 --> 01:44:44,840
MULTIPLE PANDEMIC PATHOGENS 

2492
01:44:44,840 --> 01:44:50,240
BECAUSE OF THE NIH FUNDING AND 

2493
01:44:50,240 --> 01:44:52,760
PROBABLY 60 OR 70 INSTITUTIONS 

2494
01:44:52,760 --> 01:44:56,080
AND MULTIPLE COMPANIES FOR 

2495
01:44:56,080 --> 01:44:57,560
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS 

2496
01:44:57,560 --> 01:44:59,360
CORE STRUCTURES, METHODOLOGIES, 

2497
01:44:59,360 --> 01:44:59,960
ETCETERA WILL BE COMING YOUR 

2498
01:44:59,960 --> 01:45:06,400
WAY.

2499
01:45:06,400 --> 01:45:10,000
AND DISCLAIMER, I'M IN ONE OF 

2500
01:45:10,000 --> 01:45:11,440
THESE SO IT'S RELEVANT TO ME AND

2501
01:45:11,440 --> 01:45:15,320
THERE'S THE ISSUE OF COUNTER 

2502
01:45:15,320 --> 01:45:16,200
MEASURES SPECIFICALLY.

2503
01:45:16,200 --> 01:45:19,280
IN TERMS OF THE PROPOSAL IT'S 

2504
01:45:19,280 --> 01:45:20,720
REQUIRED FOR A MECHANISM OF 

2505
01:45:20,720 --> 01:45:22,200
ACTION AND THAT ACTION REQUIRES 

2506
01:45:22,200 --> 01:45:24,840
LOTS OF TIME AND MAYBE UNKNOWN 

2507
01:45:24,840 --> 01:45:27,120
IF IT'S A NEW COMPOUND.

2508
01:45:27,120 --> 01:45:29,080
THAT WOULD MEAN PASSAGE AND THAT

2509
01:45:29,080 --> 01:45:30,360
WOULD MINE IDENTIFICATION OF 

2510
01:45:30,360 --> 01:45:33,560
VARIANTS THAT MIGHT ESCAPE.

2511
01:45:33,560 --> 01:45:35,480
IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO 

2512
01:45:35,480 --> 01:45:36,840
UNDERSTAND THE TARGET THERE'S A 

2513
01:45:36,840 --> 01:45:38,000
LOT OF PUBLICATIONS COMING OUT 

2514
01:45:38,000 --> 01:45:41,120
NOW LOOKING AT VARIANTS IN 

2515
01:45:41,120 --> 01:45:43,880
PATIENTS THAT ARE UNDER 

2516
01:45:43,880 --> 01:45:44,200
INVESTIGATION.

2517
01:45:44,200 --> 01:45:45,520
THEY'RE CONFIRMING A LOT OF IN 

2518
01:45:45,520 --> 01:45:47,320
VITRO THINGS THAT WERE 

2519
01:45:47,320 --> 01:45:49,560
PREVIOUSLY STUDIED.

2520
01:45:49,560 --> 01:45:52,080
SO HOW ARE YOU ASSESSING AND 

2521
01:45:52,080 --> 01:45:53,760
WHAT DO YOU DO?

2522
01:45:53,760 --> 01:45:56,000
THESE ARE OUR APPROVED GRANTS 

2523
01:45:56,000 --> 01:45:57,080
GOING FORWARD.

2524
01:45:57,080 --> 01:45:59,280
HOW DO YOU ASSESS WHEN A 

2525
01:45:59,280 --> 01:46:05,840
MUTATION IN A POLYMERASE OR 

2526
01:46:05,840 --> 01:46:07,360
PROTEASE, CAN YOU ASSESS RISK 

2527
01:46:07,360 --> 01:46:08,480
AND BENEFIT AND DO YOU LOOK AT 

2528
01:46:08,480 --> 01:46:10,880
IT AT ALL IN THAT STAGE OR FEEL 

2529
01:46:10,880 --> 01:46:14,040
THAT'S ALREADY BEEN DETERMINED 

2530
01:46:14,040 --> 01:46:17,720
AT THIS POINT?

2531
01:46:17,720 --> 01:46:20,000
>> ARE YOU ASKING A
QUESTION?

2532
01:46:20,000 --> 01:46:24,160
>> THAT WAS A QUESTION.

2533
01:46:24,160 --> 01:46:25,000
IS THIS -- 

2534
01:46:25,000 --> 01:46:28,000
>> I DON'T KNOW.

2535
01:46:28,000 --> 01:46:29,240
>> ARE THERE MUTATIONS 

2536
01:46:29,240 --> 01:46:31,040
ASSOCIATED WITH MECHANISM AND 

2537
01:46:31,040 --> 01:46:34,400
HOW THE VIRUS MIGHT ESCAPE FROM 

2538
01:46:34,400 --> 01:46:36,040
THE COMPOUNDS TO INFORM 

2539
01:46:36,040 --> 01:46:36,360
SURVEILLANCE?

2540
01:46:36,360 --> 01:46:37,400
>> WE'RE DEALING WITH
THOSE 

2541
01:46:37,400 --> 01:46:38,640
KINDS OF THINGS ALREADY WITH 

2542
01:46:38,640 --> 01:46:40,720
RESPECT TO PATHOGENS.

2543
01:46:40,720 --> 01:46:43,880
LOOK AT THE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT

2544
01:46:43,880 --> 01:46:44,120
BACTERIA.

2545
01:46:44,120 --> 01:46:46,080
SOCIETY HAS BEEN DOING THE 

2546
01:46:46,080 --> 01:46:49,200
EXPERIMENT FOR YEARS AND YEARS.

2547
01:46:49,200 --> 01:46:51,120
OBVIOUSLY THE SCIENCE WILL HAVE 

2548
01:46:51,120 --> 01:46:54,440
TO KEEP UP AND WE HAVE TO MOVE 

2549
01:46:54,440 --> 01:46:55,080
THE SCIENCE FORWARD.

2550
01:46:55,080 --> 01:46:56,360
I THINK IT'S CAREFUL.

2551
01:46:56,360 --> 01:46:58,400
I THINK YOU CAN'T STOP DOING 

2552
01:46:58,400 --> 01:47:00,400
THOSE EXPERIMENTS JUST BECAUSE 

2553
01:47:00,400 --> 01:47:03,440
YOU MIGHT GET A RESISTANT 

2554
01:47:03,440 --> 01:47:04,840
VARIANT COMING UP.

2555
01:47:04,840 --> 01:47:06,240
YOU HAVE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE

2556
01:47:06,240 --> 01:47:07,640
RESISTANCE AND TRY TO NOW FIGURE

2557
01:47:07,640 --> 01:47:10,440
OUT A WAY AND HOW DO YOU FIGHT 

2558
01:47:10,440 --> 01:47:12,880
THAT BATTLE AT THE NEXT LEVEL.

2559
01:47:12,880 --> 01:47:13,680
BUT THESE THINGS HAVE TO BE 

2560
01:47:13,680 --> 01:47:14,480
DISCUSSED IS THE POINT I'M 

2561
01:47:14,480 --> 01:47:19,520
TRYING TO MAKE HERE.

2562
01:47:19,520 --> 01:47:22,400
>> WHAT IT SOUNDS LIKE,
WE'VE 

2563
01:47:22,400 --> 01:47:31,960
SEEN PAPERS USING CONVALESCENCE 

2564
01:47:31,960 --> 01:47:33,600
FLUIDS AND LOOK AT IS THIS 

2565
01:47:33,600 --> 01:47:34,600
SOMETHING WE SHOULD WORRY ABOUT 

2566
01:47:34,600 --> 01:47:36,480
AND AGAIN IT SPEAKS TO, IS YOUR 

2567
01:47:36,480 --> 01:47:39,000
DECISION DIFFERENT IN THE MIDST 

2568
01:47:39,000 --> 01:47:40,280
OF A PANDEMIC WHERE YOU ACTUALLY

2569
01:47:40,280 --> 01:47:43,800
KNOW THE WORRY ABOUT PRODUCING 

2570
01:47:43,800 --> 01:47:44,760
MUTATIONS BECAUSE YOUR PASSING 

2571
01:47:44,760 --> 01:47:46,600
SOMETHING IN CULTURE WHEN HAVE 

2572
01:47:46,600 --> 01:47:48,480
YOU BILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHERE THE

2573
01:47:48,480 --> 01:47:50,680
VIRUS IS GENERATING NEW 

2574
01:47:50,680 --> 01:47:51,920
MUTATIONS ALL THE TIME PUTS IT 

2575
01:47:51,920 --> 01:47:54,520
IN PERSPECTIVE BUT MAYBE YOU 

2576
01:47:54,520 --> 01:47:56,360
WOULD MAKE DIFFERENT DECISIONS 

2577
01:47:56,360 --> 01:47:58,400
IF IT WERE A VIRUS THAT WERE NOT

2578
01:47:58,400 --> 01:48:01,200
IN A BILLION PEOPLE.

2579
01:48:01,200 --> 01:48:03,040
>> THE OTHER POINT I'LL
MAKE IS 

2580
01:48:03,040 --> 01:48:04,880
WOULDN'T IT BE BETTER IF AN 

2581
01:48:04,880 --> 01:48:07,440
ISSUE DOES COME UP THAT WE CAN 

2582
01:48:07,440 --> 01:48:09,480
SAY, LOOK, THESE EXPERIMENTS 

2583
01:48:09,480 --> 01:48:12,280
WERE VETTED BY A GROUP OF 

2584
01:48:12,280 --> 01:48:14,440
EXPERTS AND TAKING IN WHATEVER 

2585
01:48:14,440 --> 01:48:16,480
STAKEHOLDER WIDE GROUP YOU WANT 

2586
01:48:16,480 --> 01:48:17,320
TO IDENTIFY.

2587
01:48:17,320 --> 01:48:18,120
THAT'S SOMETHING THE BOARD'S 

2588
01:48:18,120 --> 01:48:19,880
GOING TO HAVE TO THINK ABOUT.

2589
01:48:19,880 --> 01:48:22,280
WOULDN'T IT BE BETTER TO SAY, 

2590
01:48:22,280 --> 01:48:25,680
YEAH, WE THOUGHT ABOUT THESE 

2591
01:48:25,680 --> 01:48:26,040
THINGS?

2592
01:48:26,040 --> 01:48:28,040
WE AS A GROUP DETERMINED THIS 

2593
01:48:28,040 --> 01:48:29,360
WAS WORTHWHILE PURSUING OPPOSED 

2594
01:48:29,360 --> 01:48:30,920
TO SOMETHING BAD HAPPENS AND 

2595
01:48:30,920 --> 01:48:34,400
IT'S LIKE, OH, MAN, THESE CRAZY 

2596
01:48:34,400 --> 01:48:34,720
SCIENTISTS.

2597
01:48:34,720 --> 01:48:36,240
THEY CAN'T BE TRUSTED.

2598
01:48:36,240 --> 01:48:42,480
>> IT MAY BRING UP THE 

2599
01:48:42,480 --> 01:48:45,360
POSSIBILITY OF A MULTI-CENTER 

2600
01:48:45,360 --> 01:48:47,800
GRANT AND MULTI-CENTER REVIEW 

2601
01:48:47,800 --> 01:48:49,200
LOOKING AT INDIVIDUAL 

2602
01:48:49,200 --> 01:48:50,240
EXPERIMENTS AND HAVE YOU THE 

2603
01:48:50,240 --> 01:48:51,080
REQUIRED EXPERTISE FOR THAT KIND

2604
01:48:51,080 --> 01:48:54,800
OF ONGOING REVIEW IF IT'S A 

2605
01:48:54,800 --> 01:49:01,040
LARGE MULTI-CENTERED PROGRAM.

2606
01:49:01,040 --> 01:49:05,440
>> ALEX AND THEN DENNIS.

2607
01:49:05,440 --> 01:49:05,960
>> THANK YOU.

2608
01:49:05,960 --> 01:49:09,680
I THINK MY QUESTION IS FOR 

2609
01:49:09,680 --> 01:49:10,000
DR. IMPERIALE.

2610
01:49:10,000 --> 01:49:14,440
SO YOU SAID RIGHTLY, I THINK, 

2611
01:49:14,440 --> 01:49:16,280
THERE ARE RISKS NOT ENOUGH TO 

2612
01:49:16,280 --> 01:49:18,000
COUNTER THE THREATS OF NATURE 

2613
01:49:18,000 --> 01:49:20,960
AND THEY HAVE TO BE BALANCED 

2614
01:49:20,960 --> 01:49:24,240
AGAINST THE RISK OF WE TRY TO DO

2615
01:49:24,240 --> 01:49:25,720
AGAINST THE RISK AND IT'S 

2616
01:49:25,720 --> 01:49:26,840
IMPORTANT WE HAVE CONSENSUS AND 

2617
01:49:26,840 --> 01:49:28,440
THE KINDS OF CATEGORIES OF 

2618
01:49:28,440 --> 01:49:29,600
RESEARCH WE'RE TALKING ABOUT HAS

2619
01:49:29,600 --> 01:49:30,480
REAL VALUE.

2620
01:49:30,480 --> 01:49:36,600
I AGREE WITH THAT ALSO BECAUSE 

2621
01:49:36,600 --> 01:49:40,960
WITHOUT REAL VALUE THE ETHICAL 

2622
01:49:40,960 --> 01:49:42,520
JUSTIFICATION DOESN'T EXIST.

2623
01:49:42,520 --> 01:49:45,480
MY QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE 

2624
01:49:45,480 --> 01:49:47,680
MECHANISM THAT WE OUGHT TO USE 

2625
01:49:47,680 --> 01:49:51,000
TO MAKE SURE -- BECAUSE YOU ALSO

2626
01:49:51,000 --> 01:49:52,840
SAID SOMETHING ABOUT THERE NEEDS

2627
01:49:52,840 --> 01:49:54,880
TO BE CONSENSUS ABOUT VALUE 

2628
01:49:54,880 --> 01:49:55,720
QUESTION.

2629
01:49:55,720 --> 01:49:58,440
IN SOME AREAS THERE'S REAL DE 

2630
01:49:58,440 --> 01:49:59,480
CENSUS ABOUT THE METH ON THE AND

2631
01:49:59,480 --> 01:50:02,320
THE RISK THEY GENERATE AND 

2632
01:50:02,320 --> 01:50:03,960
WHETHER THEY'RE NECESSARY OR 

2633
01:50:03,960 --> 01:50:05,520
WHETHER THE SAME INFORMATION 

2634
01:50:05,520 --> 01:50:06,800
COULD BE USED WITH LOWER RISK 

2635
01:50:06,800 --> 01:50:07,360
METHODS.

2636
01:50:07,360 --> 01:50:08,320
IS THAT A QUESTION THAT OUGHT TO

2637
01:50:08,320 --> 01:50:11,560
BE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL OR DEALT 

2638
01:50:11,560 --> 01:50:16,360
WITH AT THE DISCIPLINARY LEVEL?

2639
01:50:16,360 --> 01:50:18,400
SHOULD THAT BE BEFORE A LARGER 

2640
01:50:18,400 --> 01:50:20,000
INTERDISCIPLINARY GROUP?

2641
01:50:20,000 --> 01:50:21,720
I'D LIKE TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS.

2642
01:50:21,720 --> 01:50:23,800
>> GREAT QUESTION.

2643
01:50:23,800 --> 01:50:26,240
THERE'S A FEW DIFFERENT POINTS.

2644
01:50:26,240 --> 01:50:29,000
FIRST, AS YOU MAY GUESS FROM MY 

2645
01:50:29,000 --> 01:50:30,440
EARLIER RESPONSE TO DENNIS A 

2646
01:50:30,440 --> 01:50:32,560
QUESTION, I'M NOT SURE THE LOCAL

2647
01:50:32,560 --> 01:50:35,880
LEVEL IS REALLY GOING TO BE ABLE

2648
01:50:35,880 --> 01:50:39,520
TO PLAY THAT ROLE, AGAIN, I 

2649
01:50:39,520 --> 01:50:44,240
THINK THERE'S GOING TO BE 

2650
01:50:44,240 --> 01:50:46,400
INCONS

2651
01:50:46,400 --> 01:50:47,000
INCONS

2652
01:50:47,000 --> 01:50:50,880
INCONSIST -- INCONSISTENCY AND 

2653
01:50:50,880 --> 01:50:52,520
WITH THESE TYPES OF EXPERIMENTS 

2654
01:50:52,520 --> 01:50:55,880
IT'S MORE OF A CONTINUUM.

2655
01:50:55,880 --> 01:50:56,800
THERE'S GOING TO BE A LITTLE BIT

2656
01:50:56,800 --> 01:50:58,440
MORE VARIABILITY THERE AND ON 

2657
01:50:58,440 --> 01:51:00,160
TOP OF THAT, I THINK YOU'RE 

2658
01:51:00,160 --> 01:51:03,000
GOING TO GET INTO A SITUATION 

2659
01:51:03,000 --> 01:51:06,440
WHERE THE RISK TOLL LANCE RANS 

2660
01:51:06,440 --> 01:51:08,040
OF THE DIFFERENT -- TOLERANCE OF

2661
01:51:08,040 --> 01:51:09,000
THE DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS WILL 

2662
01:51:09,000 --> 01:51:10,280
FEED IN THE DISCUSSION AND THAT 

2663
01:51:10,280 --> 01:51:12,720
WILL HAVE TO BE DEALT WITH.

2664
01:51:12,720 --> 01:51:13,560
I'VE GOT CONCERNS ABOUT BEING AT

2665
01:51:13,560 --> 01:51:15,760
THE LOCAL LEVEL BUT I UNDERSTAND

2666
01:51:15,760 --> 01:51:16,880
WHAT KEN IS SAYING.

2667
01:51:16,880 --> 01:51:18,400
THIS IS SOMETHING WE HAVE TO 

2668
01:51:18,400 --> 01:51:21,160
COME TO GRIPS WITH IN ONE WAY OR

2669
01:51:21,160 --> 01:51:21,720
ANOTHER.

2670
01:51:21,720 --> 01:51:22,800
I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING YOU 

2671
01:51:22,800 --> 01:51:24,440
SHOULD CONTINUE TO DISCUSS.

2672
01:51:24,440 --> 01:51:25,720
IN TERMS OF WHO NEEDS TO BE 

2673
01:51:25,720 --> 01:51:31,280
INVOLVED IN THESE DISCUSSIONS, 

2674
01:51:31,280 --> 01:51:32,880
IF WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT NOT

2675
01:51:32,880 --> 01:51:34,040
DOING AN EXPERIMENT, I THINK WE 

2676
01:51:34,040 --> 01:51:39,520
HAVE TO MAKE IT CLEAR, WHAT IS 

2677
01:51:39,520 --> 01:51:42,080
OUR CONCERN IN MY VIEW, FOR 

2678
01:51:42,080 --> 01:51:45,400
EXAMPLE, IF THE CONCERN IS A BIO

2679
01:51:45,400 --> 01:51:46,400
SAFETY CONCERN, THEN LET'S FINDS

2680
01:51:46,400 --> 01:51:48,680
A WAY TO DO THE EXPERIMENT 

2681
01:51:48,680 --> 01:51:50,040
SAFELY IF WE THINK THEY'RE 

2682
01:51:50,040 --> 01:51:51,920
IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO DO.

2683
01:51:51,920 --> 01:51:52,920
IF IT'S A BIO SECURITY CONCERN 

2684
01:51:52,920 --> 01:51:54,160
AND WE THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO 

2685
01:51:54,160 --> 01:51:58,400
DO AND WE'RE CONVINCED THE 

2686
01:51:58,400 --> 01:52:05,400
BENEFIT WILL OUGHT -- OUTWEIGH 

2687
01:52:05,400 --> 01:52:06,880
THE RISK LET'S LOOK AT WHATEVER 

2688
01:52:06,880 --> 01:52:07,520
BIOSECURITY PARAMETERS ARE IN 

2689
01:52:07,520 --> 01:52:09,760
PLACE TO MAKE SURE THINGS ARE 

2690
01:52:09,760 --> 01:52:11,480
SECURE AND THAT'S WHERE NOW YOU 

2691
01:52:11,480 --> 01:52:14,360
HAVE TO THINK ABOUT INFORMATION 

2692
01:52:14,360 --> 01:52:24,600
SECURITY TOO.

2693
01:52:27,000 --> 01:52:32,040
I DON'T KNOW DO UNIVERSITIES 

2694
01:52:32,040 --> 01:52:38,000
HAVE BIOSECURITY CONCERNS AND IS

2695
01:52:38,000 --> 01:52:39,480
VANDY PROTECTED AND THERE'S 

2696
01:52:39,480 --> 01:52:40,720
ALWAYS GOING TO BE SOME LEVEL OF

2697
01:52:40,720 --> 01:52:42,880
RISK WE AS SOCIETY WILL HAVE TO 

2698
01:52:42,880 --> 01:52:44,720
BE WILLING TO ACCEPT IF WE WANT 

2699
01:52:44,720 --> 01:52:46,440
TO GET THE BENEFITS OUT OF WHAT 

2700
01:52:46,440 --> 01:52:53,480
WE'RE DOING.

2701
01:52:53,480 --> 01:52:56,040
WE HAVE TO ENSURE THOSE INVOLVED

2702
01:52:56,040 --> 01:52:58,400
IN THE DISCUSSIONS IN MY VIEW 

2703
01:52:58,400 --> 01:53:02,040
ARE REPRESENTING THE VIEW POINTS

2704
01:53:02,040 --> 01:53:04,960
OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE AND HAS 

2705
01:53:04,960 --> 01:53:07,440
BECOME ALL THE MORE DIFFICULT IN

2706
01:53:07,440 --> 01:53:09,120
RECENT YEARS BECAUSE OF THE 

2707
01:53:09,120 --> 01:53:14,040
POLITICIZATION OF EVERYTHING AND

2708
01:53:14,040 --> 01:53:24,480
I DON'T HAVE A GOOD ANSWER.

2709
01:53:29,960 --> 01:53:31,480
WE CAN'T DO NOTHING JUST BECAUSE

2710
01:53:31,480 --> 01:53:32,680
WE DON'T HAVE THE PERFECT 

2711
01:53:32,680 --> 01:53:32,960
ANSWER.

2712
01:53:32,960 --> 01:53:34,440
AND SOMEBODY MENTIONED IF WE 

2713
01:53:34,440 --> 01:53:36,560
COME BACK AND EVALUATE ON OUR 

2714
01:53:36,560 --> 01:53:42,480
PERIODIC BASIS, ARE THESE THINGS

2715
01:53:42,480 --> 01:53:43,120
WORKS?

2716
01:53:43,120 --> 01:53:44,880
WITH ALL DUE RESPECT TO MY 

2717
01:53:44,880 --> 01:53:51,960
COLLEAGUES AT THE NIH AFTER THE 

2718
01:53:51,960 --> 01:53:53,400
H1N1 WE SAID WE HAVE TO 

2719
01:53:53,400 --> 01:53:55,160
RE-EVALUATE OUR FRAMEWORK AND 

2720
01:53:55,160 --> 01:53:57,720
WHAT WE'RE DOING AND DIDN'T GET 

2721
01:53:57,720 --> 01:53:59,040
DONE UNTIL MANY YEARS LATER.

2722
01:53:59,040 --> 01:54:00,160
WE HAVE TO HAVE AN ONGOING 

2723
01:54:00,160 --> 01:54:06,320
DISCUSSION.

2724
01:54:06,320 --> 01:54:07,200
>> THANKS, MICHAEL.

2725
01:54:07,200 --> 01:54:11,400
WE ALSO HEAR YOU ABOUT -- AND WE

2726
01:54:11,400 --> 01:54:14,040
GRAPPLE WITH ENHANCING LOCAL 

2727
01:54:14,040 --> 01:54:16,040
RESPONSIBILITY AND 

2728
01:54:16,040 --> 01:54:16,400
ACCOUNTABILITY.

2729
01:54:16,400 --> 01:54:17,760
IT'S NOT THERE TODAY BUT COULD 

2730
01:54:17,760 --> 01:54:19,840
BE AND NEEDS TO BE.

2731
01:54:19,840 --> 01:54:23,360
HOW DO WE GO FROM TOP-DOWN 

2732
01:54:23,360 --> 01:54:24,760
OVERSIGHT AND ENHANCE LOCAL 

2733
01:54:24,760 --> 01:54:25,120
RESPONSIBILITY?

2734
01:54:25,120 --> 01:54:29,600
THAT'S THE ISSUE.

2735
01:54:29,600 --> 01:54:32,120
WE CAN'T DO NOTHING AS YOU SAID,

2736
01:54:32,120 --> 01:54:42,560
WE HAVE TO DO SOMETHING.

2737
01:54:44,120 --> 01:54:46,400
>> MAYBE THE BIO SAFETY
LABS CAN

2738
01:54:46,400 --> 01:54:49,280
BE INVOLVED.

2739
01:54:49,280 --> 01:54:50,440
THEY'RE ALREADY GIVEN 

2740
01:54:50,440 --> 01:54:52,520
SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF SUPPORT 

2741
01:54:52,520 --> 01:54:54,440
FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND SHOULD 

2742
01:54:54,440 --> 01:55:04,680
BE TASKED WITH THESE REVIEWS AND

2743
01:55:04,680 --> 01:55:06,400
CURIOUS OF YOUR THOUGHTS, 

2744
01:55:06,400 --> 01:55:10,400
MICHAEL.

2745
01:55:10,400 --> 01:55:14,600
>> I DON'T REMEMBER THE
DETAILS 

2746
01:55:14,600 --> 01:55:20,000
OF THE DISCUSSION.

2747
01:55:20,000 --> 01:55:21,760
>> THERE ARE A LOT OF
AREAS AND 

2748
01:55:21,760 --> 01:55:26,880
MICHAEL KNOWS WHERE JOURNALS 

2749
01:55:26,880 --> 01:55:30,440
COLLABORATE ON POLICIES AND 

2750
01:55:30,440 --> 01:55:31,840
PROCEDURES AND HAVING A WAY 

2751
01:55:31,840 --> 01:55:35,080
WHERE JOURNALS CAN SIGN ON TO 

2752
01:55:35,080 --> 01:55:37,320
PROCESSES BY WHICH WHAT THEY 

2753
01:55:37,320 --> 01:55:39,520
EXPECT WHEN THEY GET CERTAIN 

2754
01:55:39,520 --> 01:55:44,040
TYPES OF RESEARCH AND JOURNALS 

2755
01:55:44,040 --> 01:55:45,520
ROUTINELY DO THIS WITH CERTAIN 

2756
01:55:45,520 --> 01:55:46,160
TYPES OF INFORMATION.

2757
01:55:46,160 --> 01:55:48,720
FOR EXAMPLE, IDENTIFICATION OF 

2758
01:55:48,720 --> 01:55:52,040
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS.

2759
01:55:52,040 --> 01:55:54,160
THERE'S CERTAIN THINGS YOU DO TO

2760
01:55:54,160 --> 01:55:56,560
MINIMIZE THE LIKELIHOOD A 

2761
01:55:56,560 --> 01:55:58,400
PATIENT COULD BE IDENTIFIED FOR 

2762
01:55:58,400 --> 01:56:00,240
A RESEARCH PAPER AND GOOD 

2763
01:56:00,240 --> 01:56:02,040
JOURNALS WILL SIGN UP FOR BEST 

2764
01:56:02,040 --> 01:56:02,440
PRACTICES.

2765
01:56:02,440 --> 01:56:04,160
IT'S CRITICAL TO HAVE JOURNALS 

2766
01:56:04,160 --> 01:56:06,440
BE AWARE OF THAT AND AT THE 

2767
01:56:06,440 --> 01:56:09,080
LOCAL LEVEL HAVE INSTITUTIONS 

2768
01:56:09,080 --> 01:56:15,960
AND RESEARCHERS BE AAWARE OF  --

2769
01:56:15,960 --> 01:56:16,720
AWARE OF THINGS AND WHEN 

2770
01:56:16,720 --> 01:56:18,400
SOMEBODY SENDS IN A PAPER WE SAY

2771
01:56:18,400 --> 01:56:20,400
THERE'S WAYS PEOPLE COULD BE 

2772
01:56:20,400 --> 01:56:21,720
IDENTIFIED IN THE PAPER AND YOU 

2773
01:56:21,720 --> 01:56:24,240
NEED TO CHANGE IT AND THEY SAY, 

2774
01:56:24,240 --> 01:56:28,240
OH, GOD, THAT'S TOO MUCH HASSLE 

2775
01:56:28,240 --> 01:56:30,400
FOR ME AND I WON'T SUBMIT TO YOU

2776
01:56:30,400 --> 01:56:30,680
AGAIN.

2777
01:56:30,680 --> 01:56:32,480
THAT'S NOT THE WAY IT SHOULD 

2778
01:56:32,480 --> 01:56:33,480
OPERATE AND SHOULD BE AN 

2779
01:56:33,480 --> 01:56:35,920
UNDERSTANDING WHEN THEY DID THE 

2780
01:56:35,920 --> 01:56:37,080
RESEARCH AND FROM THE 

2781
01:56:37,080 --> 01:56:38,400
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL OVERSIGHT 

2782
01:56:38,400 --> 01:56:40,480
THIS IS HOW IT SHOULD BE DONE SO

2783
01:56:40,480 --> 01:56:42,080
WHEN THEY COME TO THE 

2784
01:56:42,080 --> 01:56:44,080
DISSEMINATION VENUE, A, THAT 

2785
01:56:44,080 --> 01:56:46,000
DOESN'T HAPPEN BECAUSE THEY'VE 

2786
01:56:46,000 --> 01:56:50,040
ALREADY GOT IT OR IF THEY'RE 

2787
01:56:50,040 --> 01:56:53,360
FACED WITH IT THEY SAY I DIDN'T 

2788
01:56:53,360 --> 01:56:57,760
REALIZE I SHOULD HAVE DONE IT.

2789
01:56:57,760 --> 01:57:00,800
>> IT'S 3:42, EASTERN
TIME.

2790
01:57:00,800 --> 01:57:03,880
I SEE RENE HAS JOINED US AND I 

2791
01:57:03,880 --> 01:57:05,600
KNOW SHE HAS A TIGHT TIME 

2792
01:57:05,600 --> 01:57:06,440
SCHEDULE AND DON'T SEE ANY OTHER

2793
01:57:06,440 --> 01:57:11,000
HANDS SO WE'RE GOING TO MOVE TO 

2794
01:57:11,000 --> 01:57:12,800
OUR FINAL SESSION.

2795
01:57:12,800 --> 01:57:14,080
SO THE FINAL SESSION I'M PLEASED

2796
01:57:14,080 --> 01:57:17,080
TO WELCOME -- FIRST, LET ME 

2797
01:57:17,080 --> 01:57:18,240
THANK RICHARD AND MICHAEL FOR 

2798
01:57:18,240 --> 01:57:19,720
SHARING THEIR EXPERIENCES AND 

2799
01:57:19,720 --> 01:57:21,080
THOUGHTS ON THIS AND I'M SURE 

2800
01:57:21,080 --> 01:57:22,840
WE'RE GOING TO BE REACHING BACK 

2801
01:57:22,840 --> 01:57:25,760
OUT WITH MORE AS WE CONTINUE OUR

2802
01:57:25,760 --> 01:57:26,080
DELIBERATION.

2803
01:57:26,080 --> 01:57:28,400
THANK YOU IN ADVANCE AS WE 

2804
01:57:28,400 --> 01:57:32,440
POSSIBLY WILL REACH BACK OUT TO 

2805
01:57:32,440 --> 01:57:34,400
YOU AND REVIEW THE DURC POLICIES

2806
01:57:34,400 --> 01:57:39,800
FROM A DECADE AGO, MICHAEL.

2807
01:57:39,800 --> 01:57:41,840
I INVITE OUR NEXT THREE SPEAKERS

2808
01:57:41,840 --> 01:57:43,560
WHO ARE GOING TO COVER ISSUES 

2809
01:57:43,560 --> 01:57:48,440
RELATED TO GOVERNANCE OPTIONS 

2810
01:57:48,440 --> 01:57:50,080
FOR OVERSIGHT OF RESEARCH 

2811
01:57:50,080 --> 01:57:52,960
INCLUDING P3CO AND DURNG.

2812
01:57:52,960 --> 01:57:54,400
THE GOALS ARE IDENTIFIED 

2813
01:57:54,400 --> 01:57:56,440
POTENTIAL STRENGTHS AND 

2814
01:57:56,440 --> 01:57:58,400
WEAKNESSES OF A P3CO FRAMEWORK 

2815
01:57:58,400 --> 01:58:02,720
AND DISCUSSAL ALTERNATE 

2816
01:58:02,720 --> 01:58:06,400
APPROACHES AND CONSIDER PROS AND

2817
01:58:06,400 --> 01:58:08,640
CONS OF OVERSIGHT FRAME WORKS.

2818
01:58:08,640 --> 01:58:09,760
I'LL INTRODUCE EACH SPEAKER ASK 

2819
01:58:09,760 --> 01:58:11,560
THEM TO DO THEIR REMARKS.

2820
01:58:11,560 --> 01:58:18,400
THE FIRST WE'RE HONORED TO HAVE 

2821
01:58:18,400 --> 01:58:19,520
THE VICE PRESIDENT OF GINKO BIO 

2822
01:58:19,520 --> 01:58:22,400
WORKS AND HEAD OF INNOVATION AT 

2823
01:58:22,400 --> 01:58:26,440
CONCENTRIC GINKO WHERE SHE IS 

2824
01:58:26,440 --> 01:58:27,720
CURRENTLY APPLYING SYNTHETIC 

2825
01:58:27,720 --> 01:58:31,800
BIOLOGY TO OUTPACE INFECTIOUS 

2826
01:58:31,800 --> 01:58:33,360
DISEASES INCLUDING COVID-19 

2827
01:58:33,360 --> 01:58:36,560
THROUGH BIO SURVEILLANCE.

2828
01:58:36,560 --> 01:58:38,120
PRIOR SHE WAS A PROGRAM MANAGER 

2829
01:58:38,120 --> 01:58:42,400
AT DARPA AND LEVERAGED GENE 

2830
01:58:42,400 --> 01:58:47,520
EDITING AND SYNTHETIC EDITING 

2831
01:58:47,520 --> 01:58:50,080
AND THWARTED BIO THREATS AND HAD

2832
01:58:50,080 --> 01:58:51,680
AN EXTENSIVE PORTFOLIO.

2833
01:58:51,680 --> 01:58:54,360
SHE SERVES ON THE NATIONAL 

2834
01:58:54,360 --> 01:58:57,760
ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 

2835
01:58:57,760 --> 01:58:58,440
FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND 

2836
01:58:58,440 --> 01:59:02,720
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARDS FOR 

2837
01:59:02,720 --> 01:59:06,960
REVIEW AND AMP AND THE 

2838
01:59:06,960 --> 01:59:09,960
INNOVATION GENOMICS INSTITUTE.

2839
01:59:09,960 --> 01:59:11,320
RENE, THE ZOOM FLOOR IS YOURS.

2840
01:59:11,320 --> 01:59:16,760
>> I'M EXCITED TO BE HERE 

2841
01:59:16,760 --> 01:59:18,400
REPRESENTING GINKO AND SOME 

2842
01:59:18,400 --> 01:59:22,840
INDUSTRY  PERSPECTIVES AND ID 

2843
01:59:22,840 --> 01:59:27,400
LEANS BACK TO MY TIME AS WORKING

2844
01:59:27,400 --> 01:59:28,880
ON BIOSECURITY.

2845
01:59:28,880 --> 01:59:31,040
I HAVE A FEW REMARKS I'D LIKE TO

2846
01:59:31,040 --> 01:59:31,240
SHARE.

2847
01:59:31,240 --> 01:59:33,320
THERE WERE THREE QUESTIONS 

2848
01:59:33,320 --> 01:59:34,920
PROVIDED TO ME IN ADVANCE SO I 

2849
01:59:34,920 --> 01:59:36,240
FRAME MY RESPONSES IN THE 

2850
01:59:36,240 --> 01:59:37,400
CONTEXT OF THE QUESTIONS AND 

2851
01:59:37,400 --> 01:59:38,000
COMMENTS.

2852
01:59:38,000 --> 01:59:39,440
THE FIRST IDENTIFY POTENTIAL 

2853
01:59:39,440 --> 01:59:43,400
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF AN 

2854
01:59:43,400 --> 01:59:47,640
INTEGRATED P3CO OVERSIGHT 

2855
01:59:47,640 --> 01:59:48,160
FRAMEWORK.

2856
01:59:48,160 --> 01:59:49,880
THE WAY I THINK ABOUT THE 

2857
01:59:49,880 --> 01:59:50,440
FRAMEWORK, I'LL GET INTO 

2858
01:59:50,440 --> 01:59:56,000
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES BUT I THINK 

2859
01:59:56,000 --> 01:59:59,880
THE PERSPECTIVE I BRING IS WE'RE

2860
01:59:59,880 --> 02:00:02,120
USHERING THE CENTURY OF 

2861
02:00:02,120 --> 02:00:02,680
ENGINEERED BIOLOGY WHETHER 

2862
02:00:02,680 --> 02:00:04,760
BIOLOGY OR MEDICINES IN OUR GUT 

2863
02:00:04,760 --> 02:00:08,120
OR IN SOIL TO PROMOTE 

2864
02:00:08,120 --> 02:00:10,400
FERTILIZATION AND GROWTH AS WE 

2865
02:00:10,400 --> 02:00:14,080
FACE CHALLENGES LIKE CLIMATE 

2866
02:00:14,080 --> 02:00:15,200
CHANGE.

2867
02:00:15,200 --> 02:00:17,160
IF WE'RE USHERING THAT CENTURY 

2868
02:00:17,160 --> 02:00:19,480
OF ENGINEERED BIOLOGY THESE 

2869
02:00:19,480 --> 02:00:22,000
FRAME WORKS WILL BECOME OBSOLETE

2870
02:00:22,000 --> 02:00:24,720
IF WE AREN'T CREATING THE 

2871
02:00:24,720 --> 02:00:26,080
DEFINITIONS AND GOVERNANCE 

2872
02:00:26,080 --> 02:00:29,680
AROUND THESE EMERGENT POTENTIAL 

2873
02:00:29,680 --> 02:00:33,480
AND DUAL USE.

2874
02:00:33,480 --> 02:00:37,680
FOLKS ON THE ZOOM CALL HAVE DEEP

2875
02:00:37,680 --> 02:00:40,360
EXPERTISE BUT NOT EVERYBODY 

2876
02:00:40,360 --> 02:00:42,920
KNOWS WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR AND 

2877
02:00:42,920 --> 02:00:44,960
MAKING SURE ANY GUIDANCE IS 

2878
02:00:44,960 --> 02:00:46,400
PRESSURE TESTED AND DONE SO AND 

2879
02:00:46,400 --> 02:00:49,000
A REGULAR BASIS BECAUSE WE MAY 

2880
02:00:49,000 --> 02:00:51,720
SURPRISE OURSELVES OF THINGS 

2881
02:00:51,720 --> 02:00:55,800
THAT WE DIDN'T IMAGINE THAT 

2882
02:00:55,800 --> 02:00:56,400
ENGINEERED BIOLOGIES WILL CAUSE 

2883
02:00:56,400 --> 02:01:00,560
DUAL-USE RESEARCH CHALLENGES.

2884
02:01:00,560 --> 02:01:06,200
IN MANY CASES I THINK THE 

2885
02:01:06,200 --> 02:01:07,800
ADVANCES CAN BE LEVERAGED TO 

2886
02:01:07,800 --> 02:01:10,040
PRODUCE RISK AND DO THE ANALYSIS

2887
02:01:10,040 --> 02:01:10,680
OF ALTERNATIVES AND USE 

2888
02:01:10,680 --> 02:01:13,480
TECHNOLOGY ITSELF AND I'LL GIVE 

2889
02:01:13,480 --> 02:01:15,640
EXAMPLES OF WAYS I THINK WE CAN 

2890
02:01:15,640 --> 02:01:19,680
START TO LEAN INTO THE FRAMEWORK

2891
02:01:19,680 --> 02:01:20,440
AND BRING THESE TECHNOLOGIES TO 

2892
02:01:20,440 --> 02:01:23,840
LIFE.

2893
02:01:23,840 --> 02:01:24,760
SO DISCUSSING ALTERNATIVE 

2894
02:01:24,760 --> 02:01:26,040
GOVERNANCE APPROACHES TO 

2895
02:01:26,040 --> 02:01:28,200
MANAGING RESEARCH THAT POSES A 

2896
02:01:28,200 --> 02:01:28,680
THREAT.

2897
02:01:28,680 --> 02:01:29,400
THERE'S GOING TO BE A FEW 

2898
02:01:29,400 --> 02:01:31,160
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES.

2899
02:01:31,160 --> 02:01:34,520
ONE IS THIS ANALYSIS OF 

2900
02:01:34,520 --> 02:01:35,080
ALTERNATIVES.

2901
02:01:35,080 --> 02:01:38,440
THE P3CO GUIDANCE PART I THINK 

2902
02:01:38,440 --> 02:01:41,400
IS UNDER UTILIZED TODAY IS 

2903
02:01:41,400 --> 02:01:43,720
LOOKING AT IS THERE A FEASIBLE, 

2904
02:01:43,720 --> 02:01:45,720
EQUALLY EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE 

2905
02:01:45,720 --> 02:01:48,080
METHOD TO ADDRESS THE SAME 

2906
02:01:48,080 --> 02:01:48,400
QUESTION?

2907
02:01:48,400 --> 02:01:50,280
IT'S EASY TO THINK ABOUT AN 

2908
02:01:50,280 --> 02:01:51,920
EXPERIMENT THAT COULD BE GAIN OF

2909
02:01:51,920 --> 02:01:52,560
FUNCTION FOR EXAMPLE AND SAY IT 

2910
02:01:52,560 --> 02:01:58,240
WILL BE HARD TO RECREATE THAT.

2911
02:01:58,240 --> 02:02:02,960
THAT'S WITHOUT DOING THAT 

2912
02:02:02,960 --> 02:02:03,240
EXPERIMENT.

2913
02:02:03,240 --> 02:02:04,040
I WOULD CHALLENGE THAT STATEMENT

2914
02:02:04,040 --> 02:02:06,800
AND IF YOU LOOK AT WHAT THE GAIN

2915
02:02:06,800 --> 02:02:08,920
OF FUNCTIONS ARE INTENDED TO DO 

2916
02:02:08,920 --> 02:02:10,240
AND WHAT ANSWERS ARE THEY MEANT 

2917
02:02:10,240 --> 02:02:13,800
TO ANSWER ABOUT THE PHYSIOLOGY 

2918
02:02:13,800 --> 02:02:19,960
AND GENICITY AND THINGS LIKE 

2919
02:02:19,960 --> 02:02:22,400
COMBINING AND ANTIBIOTIC 

2920
02:02:22,400 --> 02:02:25,240
RESISTANCE AND WE'RE GOING DOWN 

2921
02:02:25,240 --> 02:02:28,240
WITH FOUNDRY, HIGH-THROUGHPUT 

2922
02:02:28,240 --> 02:02:30,400
AUTOMATED WORK FLOWS MANY OF 

2923
02:02:30,400 --> 02:02:34,760
THESE QUESTIONS CAN BE ANSWERED 

2924
02:02:34,760 --> 02:02:36,440
USING THE TOOLS OF SYNTHETIC 

2925
02:02:36,440 --> 02:02:38,680
BIOLOGY AND HERE AT GINKO, WE 

2926
02:02:38,680 --> 02:02:46,520
CAN RUN MORE THAN 1 MILLION 

2927
02:02:46,520 --> 02:02:51,040
TESTS A DAY AND IN THE A NEW 

2928
02:02:51,040 --> 02:02:53,920
VARIANT IS SOMETHING WE SHOULD 

2929
02:02:53,920 --> 02:02:56,080
BE WORRIED ABOUT AND WE COULD 

2930
02:02:56,080 --> 02:03:01,720
MAKE THE SPIKE PROTEINS AND RUN 

2931
02:03:01,720 --> 02:03:05,400
THEM AGAINST ANTIBODIES OR 

2932
02:03:05,400 --> 02:03:06,400
RECEPTOR BINDING AND LEARN 

2933
02:03:06,400 --> 02:03:07,280
SOMETHING ABOUT THE TOOLS 

2934
02:03:07,280 --> 02:03:09,640
WITHOUT DOING THE EXPERIMENT 

2935
02:03:09,640 --> 02:03:09,920
ITSELF.

2936
02:03:09,920 --> 02:03:11,840
USING THE TOOLS TO DO THAT 

2937
02:03:11,840 --> 02:03:12,720
EXPERIMENT AND ANSWER THE 

2938
02:03:12,720 --> 02:03:15,120
QUESTIONS AND REDUCE THE RISK IN

2939
02:03:15,120 --> 02:03:16,760
MANY CASES FASTER THAN 

2940
02:03:16,760 --> 02:03:17,520
TRADITIONAL APPROACHES WHERE YOU

2941
02:03:17,520 --> 02:03:19,520
MAY HAVE TO LEARN HOW TO CULTURE

2942
02:03:19,520 --> 02:03:24,240
ONE OF THOSE VIRUSES, FOR 

2943
02:03:24,240 --> 02:03:26,120
EXAMPLE, IS AN UNDER UTILIZED 

2944
02:03:26,120 --> 02:03:29,120
TOOL AND I MAKE A RECOMMENDATION

2945
02:03:29,120 --> 02:03:30,400
WHERE HOW CAN WE MAKE 

2946
02:03:30,400 --> 02:03:31,840
SUGGESTIONS HOW TO IMPLEMENT 

2947
02:03:31,840 --> 02:03:33,880
THAT GUIDANCE IN A BETTER WAY OF

2948
02:03:33,880 --> 02:03:35,360
LOOKING EVEN BEYOND WHERE AN 

2949
02:03:35,360 --> 02:03:37,560
EXPERIMENT MAY BE DONE IN ONE 

2950
02:03:37,560 --> 02:03:39,200
GIVEN AGENCY.

2951
02:03:39,200 --> 02:03:41,080
LOOK TO EXPERTS IN OTHER 

2952
02:03:41,080 --> 02:03:43,320
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS BUT 

2953
02:03:43,320 --> 02:03:46,440
ALSO TO INDUSTRY WHERE WE'RE 

2954
02:03:46,440 --> 02:03:48,840
JUST AS WORRIED ABOUT 

2955
02:03:48,840 --> 02:03:49,960
BIOSECURITY ON THE INDUSTRY SIDE

2956
02:03:49,960 --> 02:03:51,680
AND WANT HELP WITH THOSE 

2957
02:03:51,680 --> 02:03:52,280
SOLUTIONS.

2958
02:03:52,280 --> 02:03:53,560
ANOTHER EXAMPLE AND THIS IS 

2959
02:03:53,560 --> 02:03:54,800
DURING MY TIME AT DARPA THERE 

2960
02:03:54,800 --> 02:04:00,480
WAS A PROGRAM THAT I WAS 

2961
02:04:00,480 --> 02:04:01,920
DEVELOPING AND THE PURPOSE WAS 

2962
02:04:01,920 --> 02:04:03,760
TO ENABLE GENE-EDITING 

2963
02:04:03,760 --> 02:04:06,840
TECHNOLOGIES AND TO DO SO IN A 

2964
02:04:06,840 --> 02:04:09,160
WAY WHERE THEY ARE SAFER AND 

2965
02:04:09,160 --> 02:04:10,760
HAVE LESS OFF-TARGET AFFECTS AND

2966
02:04:10,760 --> 02:04:13,760
WE'RE ABLE TO DEVELOP COUNTER 

2967
02:04:13,760 --> 02:04:15,320
MEASURES AND EVEN REVERSE THEIR 

2968
02:04:15,320 --> 02:04:15,600
EFFECT.

2969
02:04:15,600 --> 02:04:19,720
WHEN PUTTING FORWARD THE FUNDING

2970
02:04:19,720 --> 02:04:21,680
ANNOUNCEMENT, WHAT WAS CLEAR IS 

2971
02:04:21,680 --> 02:04:23,440
THAT THERE WERE NOT REGULATIONS 

2972
02:04:23,440 --> 02:04:26,080
THAT WERE IN PLACE THAT YOU 

2973
02:04:26,080 --> 02:04:29,480
COULD CLEARLY POINT OUT BESIDES 

2974
02:04:29,480 --> 02:04:31,560
THE STANDARD BSL GUIDANCE AND 

2975
02:04:31,560 --> 02:04:32,720
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW TO DO THIS 

2976
02:04:32,720 --> 02:04:36,320
WORK IN A WAY THAT WE FELT 

2977
02:04:36,320 --> 02:04:36,640
COMFORTABLE.

2978
02:04:36,640 --> 02:04:38,440
ONE EXAMPLE WOULD BE WE 

2979
02:04:38,440 --> 02:04:41,040
ANTICIPATED WE WOULD GET 

2980
02:04:41,040 --> 02:04:42,480
PROPOSALS THAT LOOKED AT GENE 

2981
02:04:42,480 --> 02:04:44,000
DRIVE TECHNOLOGIES WHERE YOU 

2982
02:04:44,000 --> 02:04:47,680
COULD ALSO AS A FUNDER IMPLEMENT

2983
02:04:47,680 --> 02:04:49,200
GOVERNANCE WHERE WE COULD SAY, 

2984
02:04:49,200 --> 02:04:50,680
OKAY, IF YOU'RE GOING TO WORK ON

2985
02:04:50,680 --> 02:04:52,320
A MOSQUITO, MAKE SURE YOU ONLY 

2986
02:04:52,320 --> 02:04:54,800
DO THAT WORK IN A REGION WHERE 

2987
02:04:54,800 --> 02:04:57,840
THE MOSQUITO IS NOT NATIVE SO IF

2988
02:04:57,840 --> 02:04:59,640
THERE'S AN ACCIDENTAL MISTAKE IT

2989
02:04:59,640 --> 02:05:00,320
WON'T PROPAGATE.

2990
02:05:00,320 --> 02:05:02,440
MAKE SURE THERE'S MOLECULAR 

2991
02:05:02,440 --> 02:05:04,280
CONTAINMENT MEANING BEYOND THE 

2992
02:05:04,280 --> 02:05:07,320
CAGES AND LABS THAT WOULD BE 

2993
02:05:07,320 --> 02:05:09,240
PHYSICAL AND MOLECULAR 

2994
02:05:09,240 --> 02:05:15,240
CONTAINMENT COULD BE A KILL 

2995
02:05:15,240 --> 02:05:18,920
SWITCH OR COMPONENTS AND THERE'S

2996
02:05:18,920 --> 02:05:22,400
A MASSIVE LEVER TO PUT IN PLACE 

2997
02:05:22,400 --> 02:05:24,080
AND WE BROUGHT IN EXTERNAL 

2998
02:05:24,080 --> 02:05:25,560
ADVISORS TO COME AND LOOK AT THE

2999
02:05:25,560 --> 02:05:29,120
TEAMS AND WORK THEY WERE DOING 

3000
02:05:29,120 --> 02:05:30,840
AND IN A ROUTINE BASIS NOT JUST 

3001
02:05:30,840 --> 02:05:32,520
AT THE POINT OF STARTING THE 

3002
02:05:32,520 --> 02:05:34,480
PROGRAM, KEEP REVIEWING THE 

3003
02:05:34,480 --> 02:05:37,440
GUIDANCE AND SEE IMPROVEMENTS WE

3004
02:05:37,440 --> 02:05:38,080
CAN MAKE.

3005
02:05:38,080 --> 02:05:39,920
I THINK THIS IS SOMETHING NOT 

3006
02:05:39,920 --> 02:05:41,600
MANDATED ACROSS MANY FUNDING 

3007
02:05:41,600 --> 02:05:42,520
AGENCIES AND WOULD BE AN 

3008
02:05:42,520 --> 02:05:46,200
IMPORTANT THING TO CONSIDER.

3009
02:05:46,200 --> 02:05:49,560
AND THEN IF I PUT MY DARPA HAT 

3010
02:05:49,560 --> 02:05:51,920
ON THINKING OF OTHER UNIQUE WAYS

3011
02:05:51,920 --> 02:05:53,760
TO THINK ABOUT IMPLEMENTING 

3012
02:05:53,760 --> 02:05:54,040
GOVERNANCE.

3013
02:05:54,040 --> 02:05:58,400
ONE OF MY COLLEAGUES ON THE CALL

3014
02:05:58,400 --> 02:05:59,640
MENTIONED S.

3015
02:05:59,640 --> 02:06:03,560
AND THE EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN 

3016
02:06:03,560 --> 02:06:05,000
CONDUCTED AND EVEN THINKING 

3017
02:06:05,000 --> 02:06:08,480
ABOUT THAT LEVEL OF REVIEW, IF 

3018
02:06:08,480 --> 02:06:10,440
THERE'S NOT SOMETHING WITH A 

3019
02:06:10,440 --> 02:06:15,960
BIOSECURITY BACKGROUND A 

3020
02:06:15,960 --> 02:06:17,320
REVIEWER MAY NOT SEE THE 

3021
02:06:17,320 --> 02:06:19,880
CHALLENGE AND THERE'S A SMALL 

3022
02:06:19,880 --> 02:06:23,200
ENOUGH COMMUNITY THAT WORKS ON 

3023
02:06:23,200 --> 02:06:24,480
BIOSECURITY WHERE WE CAN START 

3024
02:06:24,480 --> 02:06:25,800
TO WORK WITH THE NATURE 

3025
02:06:25,800 --> 02:06:27,120
PROCESSING SIDE OF THINGS AND 

3026
02:06:27,120 --> 02:06:28,960
GENERATE PROGRAMS THAT CAN SCAN 

3027
02:06:28,960 --> 02:06:31,720
THINGS LIKE BIO ARCHIVE OR BE 

3028
02:06:31,720 --> 02:06:33,240
EMBEDDED IN A JOURNAL TO LOOK 

3029
02:06:33,240 --> 02:06:35,440
FOR KEY TERMS THAT MAY BE 

3030
02:06:35,440 --> 02:06:37,720
CONCERNS AND TRAIN THOSE 

3031
02:06:37,720 --> 02:06:41,320
ALGORITHMS TO BE ABLE TO FLAG 

3032
02:06:41,320 --> 02:06:43,360
SOME OF THIS RESEARCH BEFORE 

3033
02:06:43,360 --> 02:06:45,280
IT'S CONDUCTED.

3034
02:06:45,280 --> 02:06:48,080
SO WHEN IT'S IN THE PROTOCOL 

3035
02:06:48,080 --> 02:06:54,400
PHASE OR UP TO THE POINT OF 

3036
02:06:54,400 --> 02:06:55,840
REPRODUCTION AND I'VE BEEN ASKED

3037
02:06:55,840 --> 02:06:58,800
TO LOOK AT RISK-BASED OVERSIGHT 

3038
02:06:58,800 --> 02:07:00,120
FRAME WORKS.

3039
02:07:00,120 --> 02:07:02,080
LOOKING AT THE SPACE AND A 

3040
02:07:02,080 --> 02:07:04,600
WASN'T HERE FOR THE WHOLE CALL 

3041
02:07:04,600 --> 02:07:06,440
BUT I'M SURE FOLKS CAN DEGREE IT

3042
02:07:06,440 --> 02:07:10,440
CAN BE OBSOLETE QUICKLY.

3043
02:07:10,440 --> 02:07:12,960
WHAT ARE RESPONSIBLE 

3044
02:07:12,960 --> 02:07:17,600
ALTERNATIVES TO LIKE A LIST 

3045
02:07:17,600 --> 02:07:19,000
SERVE METHOD AND MAYBE SOME OF 

3046
02:07:19,000 --> 02:07:22,120
THE RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT TO DO 

3047
02:07:22,120 --> 02:07:23,880
AND AGAIN HOW DO WE ANSWER SOME 

3048
02:07:23,880 --> 02:07:25,520
OF THOSE QUESTIONS WITHOUT 

3049
02:07:25,520 --> 02:07:27,560
ACTUALLY DOING THE WORK.

3050
02:07:27,560 --> 02:07:30,400
THERE'S A REAL OPPORTUNITY HERE 

3051
02:07:30,400 --> 02:07:33,120
ON THE HEELS OF A PANDEMIC WHERE

3052
02:07:33,120 --> 02:07:35,400
WE CREATED AN INFRASTRUCTURE AND

3053
02:07:35,400 --> 02:07:37,960
BROUGHT TOGETHER SO MANY LABS 

3054
02:07:37,960 --> 02:07:38,800
AND CAPABILITIES EVEN WASTE 

3055
02:07:38,800 --> 02:07:42,480
WATER TESTING IS BECOMING MORE 

3056
02:07:42,480 --> 02:07:44,640
AND MORE STANDARD.

3057
02:07:44,640 --> 02:07:45,880
SUSTAINING THIS TYPE OF 

3058
02:07:45,880 --> 02:07:48,880
SURVEILLANCE THAT CAN BE IN 

3059
02:07:48,880 --> 02:07:50,000
PLACE TO PROVIDE EARLY WARNING 

3060
02:07:50,000 --> 02:07:51,840
WILL BE IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN 

3061
02:07:51,840 --> 02:07:54,240
AND IN BETWEEN PANIC AND NEGLECT

3062
02:07:54,240 --> 02:07:57,080
CYCLES THAT ARE TYPICAL FOR 

3063
02:07:57,080 --> 02:07:59,800
PANDEMICS AND FUNDING CANDIDLY.

3064
02:07:59,800 --> 02:08:02,080
I THINK ONE EXAMPLE OF WHY YOU 

3065
02:08:02,080 --> 02:08:03,880
WANT THIS IN PLACE, MASSIVE 

3066
02:08:03,880 --> 02:08:06,400
MONITORING AND AIR MONITORING 

3067
02:08:06,400 --> 02:08:09,320
AND WASTE WATER, IF YOU LOOK AT 

3068
02:08:09,320 --> 02:08:14,080
OMICRON IT WAS CALLED THE 

3069
02:08:14,080 --> 02:08:15,440
VARIANT OF CONCERN AND 

3070
02:08:15,440 --> 02:08:17,000
THANKSGIVING WEEKEND IT WAS FOUR

3071
02:08:17,000 --> 02:08:19,120
WEEKS BEFORE MORE THAN 90% OF 

3072
02:08:19,120 --> 02:08:24,480
THE POPULATION HAD THE STRAINS 

3073
02:08:24,480 --> 02:08:26,120
MEASURED WERE OMICRON.

3074
02:08:26,120 --> 02:08:28,160
ABLE TO OUTCOMPETE WHAT WAS 

3075
02:08:28,160 --> 02:08:29,440
THERE IS PHENOMENAL.

3076
02:08:29,440 --> 02:08:31,200
IF YOU DON'T HAVE THAT SYSTEM IN

3077
02:08:31,200 --> 02:08:34,160
PLACE, FORGET IT, YOU WON'T BE 

3078
02:08:34,160 --> 02:08:38,160
ABLE TO PICK IT UP.

3079
02:08:38,160 --> 02:08:45,280
HOW DO WE LOOK FOR ENGINEERI IN 

3080
02:08:45,280 --> 02:08:46,160
SOMETHING INDICATIVE THAT IS 

3081
02:08:46,160 --> 02:08:48,880
LIKE A CAPTURED RELEASE OR AN 

3082
02:08:48,880 --> 02:08:50,360
ENGINEERED THREAT.

3083
02:08:50,360 --> 02:08:53,280
WE DON'T HAVE THAT YET AND THAT 

3084
02:08:53,280 --> 02:08:55,880
CAPABILITY WON'T HAPPEN 

3085
02:08:55,880 --> 02:08:56,120
OVERNIGHT.

3086
02:08:56,120 --> 02:08:58,400
WE'LL NEED CARE AND FEEDING TO 

3087
02:08:58,400 --> 02:09:02,400
PROVIDE MUSCLE AND.

3088
02:09:02,400 --> 02:09:08,840
ONE EXAMPLE I'LL ARPA-H HAS A 

3089
02:09:08,840 --> 02:09:11,200
METHOD TO LOOK AT SEQUENCES AND 

3090
02:09:11,200 --> 02:09:14,080
SAY, IS THIS ENGINEERED?

3091
02:09:14,080 --> 02:09:15,400
HOW CAN WE START TO UNDERSTAND 

3092
02:09:15,400 --> 02:09:20,440
THE INTENT OF THE SEQUENCE.

3093
02:09:20,440 --> 02:09:21,720
I WANT TO MAKE SURE MY OTHER 

3094
02:09:21,720 --> 02:09:23,880
COLLEAGUES HAVE A CHANCE TO JUMP

3095
02:09:23,880 --> 02:09:24,960
IN BUT I APPRECIATE THE 

3096
02:09:24,960 --> 02:09:27,680
OPPORTUNITY AND LOOK FORWARD TO 

3097
02:09:27,680 --> 02:09:30,400
QUESTIONS THAT COME PART OF THE 

3098
02:09:30,400 --> 02:09:30,640
SESSION.

3099
02:09:30,640 --> 02:09:31,720
THANK YOU.

3100
02:09:31,720 --> 02:09:34,400
>> THANK YOU FOR TAKING
THE TIME

3101
02:09:34,400 --> 02:09:35,320
TO BE WITH US.

3102
02:09:35,320 --> 02:09:37,200
I'M NOT SURE HOW LONG YOU CAN 

3103
02:09:37,200 --> 02:09:38,120
STAY ON BUT HOPEFULLY A LITTLE 

3104
02:09:38,120 --> 02:09:39,720
BIT TO GET QUESTIONS IN.

3105
02:09:39,720 --> 02:09:41,040
>> I SHOULD BE HERE FOR
THE 

3106
02:09:41,040 --> 02:09:41,360
WHOLE SESSION.

3107
02:09:41,360 --> 02:09:46,840
>> THANK YOU.

3108
02:09:46,840 --> 02:09:48,800
OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DIRECTOR OF 

3109
02:09:48,800 --> 02:09:50,080
THE CENTER FOR COMMUNICABLE 

3110
02:09:50,080 --> 02:09:54,240
DISEASES DYNAMICS AT HARVARD PH 

3111
02:09:54,240 --> 02:09:56,880
KHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH.

3112
02:09:56,880 --> 02:09:59,280
HIS RESEARCH CONCERNS 

3113
02:09:59,280 --> 02:10:02,080
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS 

3114
02:10:02,080 --> 02:10:06,400
AGENTS AND DECISION MAKING.

3115
02:10:06,400 --> 02:10:07,880
SINCE 2001 HE'S BEEN ON LOAN TO 

3116
02:10:07,880 --> 02:10:10,240
THE CDC AS A FOUNDING DIRECTOR 

3117
02:10:10,240 --> 02:10:11,840
FOR SCIENCE AS THE CENTER FOR 

3118
02:10:11,840 --> 02:10:14,400
FORECASTING AND OUTBREAK 

3119
02:10:14,400 --> 02:10:14,880
ANALYTICS.

3120
02:10:14,880 --> 02:10:18,120
THOUGH HE SPEAKS PURELY IN HIS 

3121
02:10:18,120 --> 02:10:18,640
ACADE

3122
02:10:18,640 --> 02:10:22,000
ACADEMIC CAPACITY AND HIS 

3123
02:10:22,000 --> 02:10:23,120
STATEMENTS DON'T REVIEW ANY 

3124
02:10:23,120 --> 02:10:23,680
GOVERNMENT AGENCY.

3125
02:10:23,680 --> 02:10:26,400
HE'S THE AUTHOR OF OVER 400 

3126
02:10:26,400 --> 02:10:31,400
PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS AND PART OF

3127
02:10:31,400 --> 02:10:36,800
THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF 

3128
02:10:36,800 --> 02:10:38,080
MEDICINE.

3129
02:10:38,080 --> 02:10:41,480
MARC, IT'S ALL YOURS.

3130
02:10:41,480 --> 02:10:43,480
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY

3131
02:10:43,480 --> 02:10:44,800
TO BE HERE ON THIS DISTINGUISHED

3132
02:10:44,800 --> 02:10:48,720
PANEL AND FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO

3133
02:10:48,720 --> 02:10:49,040
SPEAK.

3134
02:10:49,040 --> 02:10:51,080
I'VE ONLY BEEN AT CDC SINCE 

3135
02:10:51,080 --> 02:10:51,280
2021.

3136
02:10:51,280 --> 02:10:54,400
SORRY IF I PUT A TYPO IN MY 

3137
02:10:54,400 --> 02:11:03,640
NOTES.

3138
02:11:03,640 --> 02:11:07,000
GOOD TO BE HERE AND WANT TO SAY 

3139
02:11:07,000 --> 02:11:09,600
A FEW WORDS WITH THE P3CO POLICY

3140
02:11:09,600 --> 02:11:10,440
DRAFT MODIFICATIONS BEFORE 

3141
02:11:10,440 --> 02:11:12,120
ADDRESSING DIRECTLY THE 

3142
02:11:12,120 --> 02:11:17,360
QUESTIONS THAT WERE RAISED ABOUT

3143
02:11:17,360 --> 02:11:18,360
THE DURC ISSUES.

3144
02:11:18,360 --> 02:11:20,520
AND I'M ALSO GOING TO TRY TO 

3145
02:11:20,520 --> 02:11:22,120
MAKE REFERENCE AND MODIFY MY 

3146
02:11:22,120 --> 02:11:24,040
SLIDES A LITTLE BIT IN THE LAST 

3147
02:11:24,040 --> 02:11:26,080
FEW MINUTES IN REFERENCE TO 

3148
02:11:26,080 --> 02:11:29,320
REFERENCE TO OTHER SPEAKERS 

3149
02:11:29,320 --> 02:11:30,400
BECAUSE ONE GENERAL POINT I 

3150
02:11:30,400 --> 02:11:34,440
WANTED TO START WITH IS I THINK 

3151
02:11:34,440 --> 02:11:39,680
THERE'S BEEN A POSITIVE 

3152
02:11:39,680 --> 02:11:41,520
DEVELOPMENT SINCE THE OLD DAYS 

3153
02:11:41,520 --> 02:11:46,400
IN THINKING ABOUT THE 

3154
02:11:46,400 --> 02:11:47,760
RELATIONSHIP FROM TOP-DOWN TO 

3155
02:11:47,760 --> 02:11:50,040
BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES AND 

3156
02:11:50,040 --> 02:11:53,920
ENCOURAGING GOOD BEHAVIOR ON THE

3157
02:11:53,920 --> 02:11:54,480
BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 

3158
02:11:54,480 --> 02:11:56,440
QUESTIONS AND I THINK THAT WAS 

3159
02:11:56,440 --> 02:11:58,760
NOT THERE AS MUCH BEFORE AND THE

3160
02:11:58,760 --> 02:12:01,080
IDEAS THOUGH THEY NEED TO BE 

3161
02:12:01,080 --> 02:12:03,200
WORKED OUT IN MORE DETAIL, THE 

3162
02:12:03,200 --> 02:12:07,040
IDEA OF MORE JOURNALS REQUIRE 

3163
02:12:07,040 --> 02:12:07,960
CERTIFICATION BY SOME KIND OF 

3164
02:12:07,960 --> 02:12:15,040
BODY AND THE IDEAS ABOUT FUNDING

3165
02:12:15,040 --> 02:12:17,120
AGENCIES CHOOSING TO PROMOTE 

3166
02:12:17,120 --> 02:12:19,760
GOOD WELL BEHAVED PREPRINT 

3167
02:12:19,760 --> 02:12:22,280
SERVERS ARE TWO GOOD EXAMPLES 

3168
02:12:22,280 --> 02:12:24,320
RAISED IN PREVIOUS TALKS OF WAYS

3169
02:12:24,320 --> 02:12:26,360
TO INTEGRATE THE SYSTEM AND MAKE

3170
02:12:26,360 --> 02:12:29,760
IT MORE REDUNDANT AND MORE 

3171
02:12:29,760 --> 02:12:30,400
ENCOURAGING OF RESPONSIBLE 

3172
02:12:30,400 --> 02:12:34,200
BEHAVIOR.

3173
02:12:34,200 --> 02:12:37,960
I THINK THERE'S A NUMBER OF 

3174
02:12:37,960 --> 02:12:43,240
REALLY TERRIFIC FINDINGS AND 

3175
02:12:43,240 --> 02:12:44,360
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE P3CO 

3176
02:12:44,360 --> 02:12:49,000
WORKING GROUP'S DRAFT FINDINGS.

3177
02:12:49,000 --> 02:12:53,040
I WANT TO TALK A MINUTE ABOUT 

3178
02:12:53,040 --> 02:12:54,480
SOME OF OF THE ONES I THINK 

3179
02:12:54,480 --> 02:12:56,120
STILL NEED SOME THOUGHT BUT I 

3180
02:12:56,120 --> 02:12:58,400
WANT TO SAY I'M VERY SUPPORTIVE 

3181
02:12:58,400 --> 02:13:02,160
OF ALMOST EVERYTHING THAT'S IN 

3182
02:13:02,160 --> 02:13:06,400
THE DOCUMENT WITH SOME MINOR 

3183
02:13:06,400 --> 02:13:08,120
QUIBBLES ABOUT SOME OF THEM.

3184
02:13:08,120 --> 02:13:11,760
I DO WANT TO SPEND A FEW MINUTES

3185
02:13:11,760 --> 02:13:14,120
ON FOCUSSING ON ASPECTS THAT ARE

3186
02:13:14,120 --> 02:13:15,800
STILL MISSING.

3187
02:13:15,800 --> 02:13:19,800
I THINK THAT ONE OF THE ISSUES 

3188
02:13:19,800 --> 02:13:24,360
THAT'S BEEN RECURRENT IN THE 

3189
02:13:24,360 --> 02:13:25,680
HOLD P3CO DEBATE IS WHAT KINDS 

3190
02:13:25,680 --> 02:13:30,400
OF EXPERIMENTS ARE AT ISSUE.

3191
02:13:30,400 --> 02:13:35,960
IN PARTICULAR, THE QUESTION THAT

3192
02:13:35,960 --> 02:13:36,560
HASN'T BEEN ADDRESSED IN THE 

3193
02:13:36,560 --> 02:13:40,000
DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS OR 

3194
02:13:40,000 --> 02:13:41,520
PREVIOUS DOCUMENTS IS IT DOESN'T

3195
02:13:41,520 --> 02:13:44,120
REALLY MATTER WHERE YOU START.

3196
02:13:44,120 --> 02:13:49,720
WHAT MATTERS AND YOU ARE 

3197
02:13:49,720 --> 02:13:50,640
EXPECTING, REASONABLY 

3198
02:13:50,640 --> 02:13:52,880
ANTICIPATING TO CREATE A NOVEL 

3199
02:13:52,880 --> 02:13:55,600
PATHOGEN THAT IS IN ITSELF A 

3200
02:13:55,600 --> 02:14:00,960
POTENTIAL PANDEMIC PATHOGEN.

3201
02:14:00,960 --> 02:14:04,760
THE WAY THE GUIDANCE IS WRITTEN 

3202
02:14:04,760 --> 02:14:05,600
YOU HAVE TO START WITH A 

3203
02:14:05,600 --> 02:14:08,120
POTENTIAL PANDEMIC PATHOGEN AND 

3204
02:14:08,120 --> 02:14:10,400
THEN ENHANCE IT AND WHILE THAT'S

3205
02:14:10,400 --> 02:14:12,360
MANY ENHANCED PPPs ARE MADE IT'S

3206
02:14:12,360 --> 02:14:14,120
NOT THE ONLY WAY TO DO IT.

3207
02:14:14,120 --> 02:14:18,440
IT ONLY GETS HALFWAY TO THE 

3208
02:14:18,440 --> 02:14:20,120
PURPOSE WHICH IS TO HAVE 

3209
02:14:20,120 --> 02:14:22,200
OVERSIGHT OF CREATING SOMETHING 

3210
02:14:22,200 --> 02:14:31,680
THAT MAY POSE A DANGER.

3211
02:14:31,680 --> 02:14:33,200
TO THE CONCERN CONCERN IS 

3212
02:14:33,200 --> 02:14:34,400
TRANSPARENCY LANGUAGE IN THE 

3213
02:14:34,400 --> 02:14:37,840
DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS IS TOO 

3214
02:14:37,840 --> 02:14:40,320
WEAK AND TOO NON SPECIFIC.

3215
02:14:40,320 --> 02:14:45,720
IT'S ADOPTING AN IMPLEMENTATION 

3216
02:14:45,720 --> 02:14:50,120
PLAN AND CONSIDERING POSSIBLE 

3217
02:14:50,120 --> 02:14:52,960
FUTURE FURTHER ACTIVITIES LIKE A

3218
02:14:52,960 --> 02:14:54,560
SUMMARY AND DETERMINATES OF THE 

3219
02:14:54,560 --> 02:15:04,680
REVIEW.

3220
02:15:10,480 --> 02:15:19,160
TRANSPARENCY INCLUDES DISSENTING

3221
02:15:19,160 --> 02:15:21,400
VIEWS AND IN AN ARTICLE THERE 

3222
02:15:21,400 --> 02:15:24,360
WAS A DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTS

3223
02:15:24,360 --> 02:15:27,920
BEING PLANNED AT NIAID BY 

3224
02:15:27,920 --> 02:15:29,320
DR. MOSS WHICH MANY PEOPLE THINK

3225
02:15:29,320 --> 02:15:35,280
SHOULD BE REUNDER THIS POLICY.

3226
02:15:35,280 --> 02:15:36,200
IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT 

3227
02:15:36,200 --> 02:15:41,240
EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN REVIEWED 

3228
02:15:41,240 --> 02:15:44,120
BY THE BOARD, BY THE REVIEW 

3229
02:15:44,120 --> 02:15:47,360
COMMITTEES, THEN WE CAN'T KNOW 

3230
02:15:47,360 --> 02:15:50,080
WHETHER THAT ISSUE HAS BEEN 

3231
02:15:50,080 --> 02:15:53,320
ADDRESSED OR NOT ADDRESSED.

3232
02:15:53,320 --> 02:15:56,120
THAT CAME UP THIS WEEK AND SEEMS

3233
02:15:56,120 --> 02:15:57,680
PARTICULARLY RELEVANT BUT THERE 

3234
02:15:57,680 --> 02:15:59,920
ARE OTHER THINGS HAPPENING AND 

3235
02:15:59,920 --> 02:16:01,280
OTHER PROPOSALS THAT MAY OR MAY 

3236
02:16:01,280 --> 02:16:05,480
NOT GET REVIEWED WITHOUT SUCH A 

3237
02:16:05,480 --> 02:16:07,880
LIST I THINK WE'RE UNABLE TO 

3238
02:16:07,880 --> 02:16:10,440
KNOW AS CITIZENS WHETHER THE 

3239
02:16:10,440 --> 02:16:17,600
PROCESS IS WORKING.

3240
02:16:17,600 --> 02:16:22,800
THE BENEFIT SIDE OF THE RISK 

3241
02:16:22,800 --> 02:16:23,560
BENEFIT ANALYSIS CORRECTLY 

3242
02:16:23,560 --> 02:16:26,400
DESCRIBED ALL OF US AS 

3243
02:16:26,400 --> 02:16:30,400
SCIENTISTS EXPECT SCIENTIFIC 

3244
02:16:30,400 --> 02:16:36,640
KNOWLEDGE TO BE BENEFICIAL.

3245
02:16:36,640 --> 02:16:39,640
BUT I THINK WHEN YOU REALLY 

3246
02:16:39,640 --> 02:16:44,720
SUBJECT THE CHAIN OF EVENTS FROM

3247
02:16:44,720 --> 02:16:46,400
THE LEAD FROM SCIENCE TO 

3248
02:16:46,400 --> 02:16:49,880
ENHANCED VACCINES OR ENHANCED 

3249
02:16:49,880 --> 02:16:53,040
SURVEILLANCE TO SCRUTINY, MANY 

3250
02:16:53,040 --> 02:16:54,280
ARE HYPOTHETICAL OR GENERAL OR 

3251
02:16:54,280 --> 02:16:55,160
NOT VERY LIKELY TO WITHSTAND 

3252
02:16:55,160 --> 02:17:00,080
SCRUTINY.

3253
02:17:00,080 --> 02:17:02,400
AND I THINK AS HAS BEEN SAID BY 

3254
02:17:02,400 --> 02:17:04,640
SEVERAL PEOPLE, THE LEVEL OF 

3255
02:17:04,640 --> 02:17:08,000
SCRUTINY REQUIRED FOR 

3256
02:17:08,000 --> 02:17:09,120
EXPERIMENTS THAT POSE A 

3257
02:17:09,120 --> 02:17:12,920
POPULATION LEVEL RISK SHOULD BE 

3258
02:17:12,920 --> 02:17:18,400
HIGHER AND THAT NEEDS TO BE MADE

3259
02:17:18,400 --> 02:17:21,120
MORE SPECIFIC.

3260
02:17:21,120 --> 02:17:21,920
I'M GOING TO SKIP THIS FOR 

3261
02:17:21,920 --> 02:17:23,560
REASONS OF TIME AND MOVE ON TO 

3262
02:17:23,560 --> 02:17:26,120
THE POINT THAT I THINK 

3263
02:17:26,120 --> 02:17:30,400
INFORMATION HAZARDS ARE NOT 

3264
02:17:30,400 --> 02:17:33,680
THERE IN THE DRAFT 

3265
02:17:33,680 --> 02:17:34,320
RECOMMENDATIONS.

3266
02:17:34,320 --> 02:17:35,360
THOSE MAY BE GREATER IN DURC 

3267
02:17:35,360 --> 02:17:42,280
MORE GENERALLY THAN THEY ARE IN 

3268
02:17:42,280 --> 02:17:43,480
P3CO POTENTIAL PANDEMIC PATHOGEN

3269
02:17:43,480 --> 02:17:44,600
WORK AND THEY ARE THERE AND 

3270
02:17:44,600 --> 02:17:50,080
SHOULD BE CORRECTED.

3271
02:17:50,080 --> 02:17:53,440
MY COLLEAGUES HAVE WRITTEN A 

3272
02:17:53,440 --> 02:17:57,600
PIECE THAT WILL BE SHARED OR HAS

3273
02:17:57,600 --> 02:17:58,520
BEEN SHARED WITH NSABB AND OTHER

3274
02:17:58,520 --> 02:18:02,920
STAKEHOLDERS.

3275
02:18:02,920 --> 02:18:06,120
TO ADDRESS THE QUESTIONS ABOUT 

3276
02:18:06,120 --> 02:18:07,360
IDENTIFYING DURC AND THE ePPP 

3277
02:18:07,360 --> 02:18:09,440
FRAME WORKS, I THINK THIS IS A 

3278
02:18:09,440 --> 02:18:11,600
REALLY GOOD IDEA OVER ALL ONE 

3279
02:18:11,600 --> 02:18:14,840
CONCERN I'LL MENTION IN A MINUTE

3280
02:18:14,840 --> 02:18:16,600
BUT I THINK IT'S ADDRESSABLE.

3281
02:18:16,600 --> 02:18:18,760
I THINK IT SIMPLIFIES THINGS FOR

3282
02:18:18,760 --> 02:18:20,080
INVESTIGATORS BECAUSE THEY HAVE 

3283
02:18:20,080 --> 02:18:24,160
ONE FLOW CHART AND NOT TWO TO 

3284
02:18:24,160 --> 02:18:24,440
CONSIDER.

3285
02:18:24,440 --> 02:18:28,560
THEY HAVE ONE -- THESE ARE SO 

3286
02:18:28,560 --> 02:18:31,320
INTERLINKED AND PEOPLE MAY HAVE 

3287
02:18:31,320 --> 02:18:32,480
CONFUSION ABOUT WHICH OF EITHER 

3288
02:18:32,480 --> 02:18:34,680
PARTICULAR SET OF WORK FALLS 

3289
02:18:34,680 --> 02:18:43,720
UNDER.

3290
02:18:43,720 --> 02:18:45,520
UNIFYING THE FRAMEWORK WOULD 

3291
02:18:45,520 --> 02:18:46,760
HELP IF DONE CORRECTLY.

3292
02:18:46,760 --> 02:18:48,600
AND I THINK IT WOULD HELP TO 

3293
02:18:48,600 --> 02:18:53,520
CLARIFY THE DISTINCTIONS BECAUSE

3294
02:18:53,520 --> 02:18:56,600
I THINK DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE 

3295
02:18:56,600 --> 02:18:58,640
DIFFERENT IDEAS BETWEEN WHAT 

3296
02:18:58,640 --> 02:19:05,240
DURC AND PPP WORK IS AND I THINK

3297
02:19:05,240 --> 02:19:07,160
HAVING IT ALL IN ONE PLACE WOULD

3298
02:19:07,160 --> 02:19:09,400
ALLOW SOME LANGUAGE TO BE 

3299
02:19:09,400 --> 02:19:10,600
DEVELOPED THAT HELPS PEOPLE 

3300
02:19:10,600 --> 02:19:14,120
UNDERSTAND AND UNDERSTAND WHY 

3301
02:19:14,120 --> 02:19:14,520
EACH IS A CONCERN.

3302
02:19:14,520 --> 02:19:15,800
THEN I THINK THE PRACTICAL THING

3303
02:19:15,800 --> 02:19:18,080
IS IT WOULD ALLOW SHARING AND 

3304
02:19:18,080 --> 02:19:20,720
BEST PRACTICES BETWEEN THE TWO 

3305
02:19:20,720 --> 02:19:22,200
REALMS OF REGULATION BECAUSE THE

3306
02:19:22,200 --> 02:19:23,640
NATURAL THING WOULD BE TO MAKE 

3307
02:19:23,640 --> 02:19:25,320
THEM AS SIMILAR AS POSSIBLE WHEN

3308
02:19:25,320 --> 02:19:27,400
THAT'S APPROPRIATE.

3309
02:19:27,400 --> 02:19:30,760
SO THE PROPOSAL THAT WAS MADE IN

3310
02:19:30,760 --> 02:19:34,400
THE PREVIOUS SESSION TO LINK 

3311
02:19:34,400 --> 02:19:36,640
SERVER SCRUTINY TO ACCEPTABLE 

3312
02:19:36,640 --> 02:19:38,120
AND TO FUNDERS MAKES SENSE IN 

3313
02:19:38,120 --> 02:19:40,400
BOTH REALMS AND WHY NOT HAVE A 

3314
02:19:40,400 --> 02:19:48,400
SINGLE ACTIVITY TO GET IT IN THE

3315
02:19:48,400 --> 02:19:49,800
POLICIES RATHER THAN TO -- AND 

3316
02:19:49,800 --> 02:19:52,280
ALSO ISSUES ABOUT DEALING WITH 

3317
02:19:52,280 --> 02:19:53,960
UNEXPECTED RESULTS AND POSSIBLE 

3318
02:19:53,960 --> 02:20:01,440
RE-REVIEW OF PROPOSALS THAT HAVE

3319
02:20:01,440 --> 02:20:04,440
PASSED SCRUTINY AND ARISE IN 

3320
02:20:04,440 --> 02:20:06,160
BOTH SETTINGS AND THE SAME 

3321
02:20:06,160 --> 02:20:08,120
THOUGHT COULD BE USED AND RISK 

3322
02:20:08,120 --> 02:20:16,960
ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION.

3323
02:20:16,960 --> 02:20:21,280
I THINK THE ISSUE OF BIOSAFETY 

3324
02:20:21,280 --> 02:20:22,880
AND BIOSECURITY ISSUES WITH 

3325
02:20:22,880 --> 02:20:25,800
SEPARATE CONSIDERATION IS AN 

3326
02:20:25,800 --> 02:20:27,040
IMPORTANT ONE AS WELL AS 

3327
02:20:27,040 --> 02:20:27,800
TOGETHER.

3328
02:20:27,800 --> 02:20:30,440
IN THIS PAPER A FEW YEARS BACK 

3329
02:20:30,440 --> 02:20:35,680
WE TRIED TO LATE  LAID OUT THE 

3330
02:20:35,680 --> 02:20:37,600
CATEGORIES OF EXPERIMENTS WITH 

3331
02:20:37,600 --> 02:20:40,160
BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 

3332
02:20:40,160 --> 02:20:46,120
CONCERNS IN A 2 x 3 TABLE AND 

3333
02:20:46,120 --> 02:20:47,760
THE THIRD IS BIOSECURITY 

3334
02:20:47,760 --> 02:20:50,080
CONCERNS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL

3335
02:20:50,080 --> 02:20:50,640
RATHER THAN THE INDIVIDUAL 

3336
02:20:50,640 --> 02:20:56,880
LABORATORY LEVEL.

3337
02:20:56,880 --> 02:20:58,440
I THINK CERTAIN TYPES OF 

3338
02:20:58,440 --> 02:21:00,440
EXPERIMENTS RAISE EACH OF THESE 

3339
02:21:00,440 --> 02:21:02,320
AND OTHERS DON'T RAISE SUCH 

3340
02:21:02,320 --> 02:21:12,560
GREAT CONCERN.

3341
02:21:13,800 --> 02:21:17,360
UNIFYING THE POTENTIAL CAN HELP 

3342
02:21:17,360 --> 02:21:19,160
AND AS THE SHIFTING THE RISK TO 

3343
02:21:19,160 --> 02:21:20,880
BIOSECURITY AND IT DESCRIBED IN 

3344
02:21:20,880 --> 02:21:22,400
ePPP AS A SUBSET OF DURC.

3345
02:21:22,400 --> 02:21:26,400
I THINK THAT'S TRUE IN THE SENSE

3346
02:21:26,400 --> 02:21:28,200
THAT IF SOMETHING HAS AN 

3347
02:21:28,200 --> 02:21:30,400
ENHANCED POTENTIAL IT HAS THE 

3348
02:21:30,400 --> 02:21:35,160
POTENTIAL TO BE MISUSED BUT MUCH

3349
02:21:35,160 --> 02:21:36,920
POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC WORK RAISES

3350
02:21:36,920 --> 02:21:39,800
ISSUES NOT TYPICAL OF DURC SO 

3351
02:21:39,800 --> 02:21:41,560
THE ISSUES ARE NOT A SUBSET OF 

3352
02:21:41,560 --> 02:21:45,160
THE ISSUES RAISED BY OTHER DURC 

3353
02:21:45,160 --> 02:21:48,360
THOUGH THEY'RE A KIND OF DURC.

3354
02:21:48,360 --> 02:21:52,320
IT'S A TECHNICALITY BUT I WANT 

3355
02:21:52,320 --> 02:21:54,160
TO MAKE SURE BIOSECURITY KEEPS 

3356
02:21:54,160 --> 02:21:55,960
AN IMPORTANT ROLE IF THE TWO 

3357
02:21:55,960 --> 02:21:57,040
FRAME WORKS ARE UNIFIED.

3358
02:21:57,040 --> 02:21:59,480
AND I THINK THE IS SIMPLY TO 

3359
02:21:59,480 --> 02:22:02,880
UNIFY THE FRAMEWORKS WHILE 

3360
02:22:02,880 --> 02:22:11,720
KEEPING SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS.

3361
02:22:11,720 --> 02:22:13,320
I DON'T SEE ANY REASON TO THINK 

3362
02:22:13,320 --> 02:22:17,600
THE LIST CAN WORK.

3363
02:22:17,600 --> 02:22:21,160
CRITERIA ARE THE ONLY SENSIBLE 

3364
02:22:21,160 --> 02:22:23,480
APPROACH TO REGULATING POTENTIAL

3365
02:22:23,480 --> 02:22:26,120
PATHOGEN WORK BECAUSE OF THE 

3366
02:22:26,120 --> 02:22:31,760
OBSOLESCENCE AND OTHER REASONS.

3367
02:22:31,760 --> 02:22:34,040
AS RENE WAS SPEAKING, I PUT THE 

3368
02:22:34,040 --> 02:22:34,640
SLIDE IN.

3369
02:22:34,640 --> 02:22:36,200
SHE MADE THE POINT THAT 

3370
02:22:36,200 --> 02:22:37,720
ENGINEERING AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

3371
02:22:37,720 --> 02:22:39,480
PROVIDE WAYS TO DO SAFER 

3372
02:22:39,480 --> 02:22:43,560
EXPERIMENTS THAT GIVE US THE 

3373
02:22:43,560 --> 02:22:49,080
SAME INFORMATION AS GAIN OF 

3374
02:22:49,080 --> 02:22:50,120
FUNCTION OF CONCERN.

3375
02:22:50,120 --> 02:22:57,200
AND I WANTED TO DRAW ATTENTION 

3376
02:22:57,200 --> 02:22:58,920
THAT EXPERIMENTALLY CONFIRMS HER

3377
02:22:58,920 --> 02:22:59,400
HYPOTHESIS.

3378
02:22:59,400 --> 02:23:03,040
EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF NEW 

3379
02:23:03,040 --> 02:23:04,120
TECHNOLOGIES, EVERY SINGLE 

3380
02:23:04,120 --> 02:23:10,400
MUTATION THAT WAS IDENTIFIED IN 

3381
02:23:10,400 --> 02:23:14,120
THE EXPERIMENTS HAD BEEN 

3382
02:23:14,120 --> 02:23:18,440
PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED AS 

3383
02:23:18,440 --> 02:23:19,920
IMPORTANT WITH SOME SMALLER 

3384
02:23:19,920 --> 02:23:22,440
EXCEPTI

3385
02:23:22,440 --> 02:23:24,880
EXCEPTIONS IN OTHER NON-GAIN OF 

3386
02:23:24,880 --> 02:23:25,800
FUNCTION TYPE EXPERIMENTS.

3387
02:23:25,800 --> 02:23:28,160
I AGREE WITH HER ASSERTION BUT I

3388
02:23:28,160 --> 02:23:31,120
THINK IT'S ATTESTABLE AND 

3389
02:23:31,120 --> 02:23:32,120
FALSIFIABLE ONE BUT SO FAR IT'S 

3390
02:23:32,120 --> 02:23:42,000
BEEN PROVEN CORRECT.

3391
02:23:42,000 --> 02:23:44,160
I'LL STOP THERE AND LOOK FORWARD

3392
02:23:44,160 --> 02:23:46,400
TO SAM'S TALK.

3393
02:23:46,400 --> 02:23:47,800
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
COMMENTS ON

3394
02:23:47,800 --> 02:23:50,560
THE FINDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

3395
02:23:50,560 --> 02:23:53,040
AND THE LETTER WAS INCLUDED WITH

3396
02:23:53,040 --> 02:23:54,840
THE OTHER PUBLIC COMMENTS THE 

3397
02:23:54,840 --> 02:23:56,160
BOARD GOT TODAY.

3398
02:23:56,160 --> 02:23:57,760
I THINK EVERYBODY SHOULD HAVE 

3399
02:23:57,760 --> 02:23:59,800
THAT AND I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR

3400
02:23:59,800 --> 02:24:01,840
INCLUDING THAT IN YOUR BRIEFING 

3401
02:24:01,840 --> 02:24:04,200
AND FOR THE OTHER JUST IN TIME 

3402
02:24:04,200 --> 02:24:06,120
POWER POINT SLIDES YOU PUT 

3403
02:24:06,120 --> 02:24:06,760
TOGETHER IN RESPONSE TO HEARING 

3404
02:24:06,760 --> 02:24:09,360
OTHER TALKS.

3405
02:24:09,360 --> 02:24:13,280
OUR LAST SPEAKER FOR THIS 

3406
02:24:13,280 --> 02:24:17,280
SESSION IS A SENIOR RESEARCH 

3407
02:24:17,280 --> 02:24:18,480
FELLOW IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

3408
02:24:18,480 --> 02:24:20,160
SOCIETY AT THE HARVARD KENNEDY 

3409
02:24:20,160 --> 02:24:21,240
SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AND JOINED 

3410
02:24:21,240 --> 02:24:24,360
THE HARVARD SCHOOL OF NENK 

3411
02:24:24,360 --> 02:24:25,000
ENGINEER AG APPLIED SCIENCES AND

3412
02:24:25,000 --> 02:24:28,480
FOEKSZS ON STUDYING THE HISTORY 

3413
02:24:28,480 --> 02:24:30,280
AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES OF 

3414
02:24:30,280 --> 02:24:31,400
GOVERNANCE TO LOOK AT 

3415
02:24:31,400 --> 02:24:32,680
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO 

3416
02:24:32,680 --> 02:24:34,600
REFORM THE WAYS WE IDENTIFY AND 

3417
02:24:34,600 --> 02:24:37,320
GOVERN SECURITY RISK CONCERNS.

3418
02:24:37,320 --> 02:24:39,920
HE SITS ON THE COUNCIL OF THE 

3419
02:24:39,920 --> 02:24:42,480
ENGINEERING BIOLOGY RESEARCH 

3420
02:24:42,480 --> 02:24:47,000
CONSORTIUM AND SITS ON THE HUMAN

3421
02:24:47,000 --> 02:24:50,160
PRACTICES COMMITTEES AND WAS AN 

3422
02:24:50,160 --> 02:24:53,720
ADVISER TO DARPA'S SAFE GENES 

3423
02:24:53,720 --> 02:24:53,960
PROGRAM.

3424
02:24:53,960 --> 02:25:00,280
THE FLOOR IS YOURS.

3425
02:25:00,280 --> 02:25:00,840
>> THANK YOU.

3426
02:25:00,840 --> 02:25:04,160
THE SAFE GENES PROGRAM IS A 

3427
02:25:04,160 --> 02:25:06,280
MOMENT WHERE WE CAN TRY SOME 

3428
02:25:06,280 --> 02:25:08,640
DIFFERENT ABOUT HOW WE THINK 

3429
02:25:08,640 --> 02:25:09,440
ABOUT GOVERNANCE SECURITY 

3430
02:25:09,440 --> 02:25:11,640
CONCERNS AND BIOLOGY.

3431
02:25:11,640 --> 02:25:12,760
I THINK THAT'S THE THRUST OF A 

3432
02:25:12,760 --> 02:25:14,160
LOT OF THE REMARKS I'M GOING TO 

3433
02:25:14,160 --> 02:25:17,560
BE MAKING TODAY.

3434
02:25:17,560 --> 02:25:20,800
I THANK YOU ALL FOR THE 

3435
02:25:20,800 --> 02:25:21,120
INVITATION.

3436
02:25:21,120 --> 02:25:23,200
I'LL FOCUS MY REMARKS ON WHAT A 

3437
02:25:23,200 --> 02:25:28,240
WAS ASKED ON THE FUTURE OPTIONS 

3438
02:25:28,240 --> 02:25:30,440
OF OVERSIGHT OF DUAL-USE 

3439
02:25:30,440 --> 02:25:32,800
RESEARCH AND IT WASN'T DUAL-USE 

3440
02:25:32,800 --> 02:25:37,000
RESEARCH OF A CONCERN BUT 

3441
02:25:37,000 --> 02:25:37,400
DUAL-USE RESEARCH.

3442
02:25:37,400 --> 02:25:39,160
SO BIOSAFETY'S HAVING A MOMENT 

3443
02:25:39,160 --> 02:25:40,800
RIGHT NOW WHICH I DON'T THINK I 

3444
02:25:40,800 --> 02:25:42,600
NEED TO EXPLAIN TO THE BOARD 

3445
02:25:42,600 --> 02:25:47,960
INVOLVED IN THESE ACTIVITIES.

3446
02:25:47,960 --> 02:25:50,160
THERE ARE LOTS OF MOMENTS AND 

3447
02:25:50,160 --> 02:25:55,000
THINGS HAPPENING NOW WHERE 

3448
02:25:55,000 --> 02:26:03,160
BIOLOGY IS BEING REDEFINED AND 

3449
02:26:03,160 --> 02:26:04,240
RE-UNDERSTOOD IN IT'S ROLE IN 

3450
02:26:04,240 --> 02:26:05,440
SOCIETY AND THERE'S A FOCUS ON 

3451
02:26:05,440 --> 02:26:05,720
SECURITY.

3452
02:26:05,720 --> 02:26:09,080
WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE HAVE AN 

3453
02:26:09,080 --> 02:26:12,160
OPPORTUNITY RIGHT NOW FOR THE 

3454
02:26:12,160 --> 02:26:12,760
INSTITUTION LIKE NSABB TO BE 

3455
02:26:12,760 --> 02:26:14,400
LEADING, THINKING WHAT IT MEANS 

3456
02:26:14,400 --> 02:26:16,200
TO BE ATTENDING TO AND 

3457
02:26:16,200 --> 02:26:17,320
UNDERSTANDING WHAT CONSTITUTES 

3458
02:26:17,320 --> 02:26:24,840
SECURITY CONCERNS IN THIS SPACE.

3459
02:26:24,840 --> 02:26:33,000
IF WE THINK ABOUT HOW TO IMPROVE

3460
02:26:33,000 --> 02:26:33,880
DUAL-USE RESEARCH GOVERNANCE, 

3461
02:26:33,880 --> 02:26:35,200
ONE IS LOOKING AT THE LOCAL 

3462
02:26:35,200 --> 02:26:37,120
CONTEXT AND WHAT'S GOING ON 

3463
02:26:37,120 --> 02:26:37,440
THERE.

3464
02:26:37,440 --> 02:26:39,560
SECONDLY,  TO LOOK AT CONCEPTUAL

3465
02:26:39,560 --> 02:26:39,800
CONTEXT.

3466
02:26:39,800 --> 02:26:41,200
HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND WHAT 

3467
02:26:41,200 --> 02:26:43,880
BIOLOGY IS TODAY AND ITS 

3468
02:26:43,880 --> 02:26:45,080
RELATIONSHIP TO SECURITY AND 

3469
02:26:45,080 --> 02:26:46,480
SOCIETY AND HOW MIGHT THAT HAVE 

3470
02:26:46,480 --> 02:26:48,760
CHANGED.

3471
02:26:48,760 --> 02:26:50,160
AND THE FUTURE CONTEXT LOOKS AT 

3472
02:26:50,160 --> 02:26:51,760
THE INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT WE 

3473
02:26:51,760 --> 02:26:53,120
MIGHT NEED TO ACTUALLY BE 

3474
02:26:53,120 --> 02:26:54,720
THINKING AND ACTING DIFFERENTLY 

3475
02:26:54,720 --> 02:27:01,760
IN THE WAYS WE GOVERN.

3476
02:27:01,760 --> 02:27:08,160
FIRST LOCAL CONTEXT.

3477
02:27:08,160 --> 02:27:10,400
THIS REPRESENTS A LOT OF WORK BY

3478
02:27:10,400 --> 02:27:14,160
AN AMAZING TEAM WITH FANTASTIC 

3479
02:27:14,160 --> 02:27:16,680
POST-DOCS AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY

3480
02:27:16,680 --> 02:27:18,360
WHERE WE STARTED WITH THE 

3481
02:27:18,360 --> 02:27:19,000
UNDERSTANDING THAT LITTLE IS 

3482
02:27:19,000 --> 02:27:22,400
ACTUALLY KNOWN ABOUT THE LOCAL 

3483
02:27:22,400 --> 02:27:26,160
LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF 

3484
02:27:26,160 --> 02:27:27,480
HIGH-LEVEL BIOSECURITY 

3485
02:27:27,480 --> 02:27:28,400
GUIDELINES.

3486
02:27:28,400 --> 02:27:30,160
OVER THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS 

3487
02:27:30,160 --> 02:27:31,400
WE'VE BEEN APPROACHING AND 

3488
02:27:31,400 --> 02:27:33,360
WORKING WITH A WIDE RANGE OF 

3489
02:27:33,360 --> 02:27:35,320
ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE ACROSS 

3490
02:27:35,320 --> 02:27:38,400
THE LIFE CYCLE OF BIO RISK 

3491
02:27:38,400 --> 02:27:40,080
MANAGEMENT INCLUDING SOME YOU 

3492
02:27:40,080 --> 02:27:41,280
HEARD FROM TODAY.

3493
02:27:41,280 --> 02:27:44,200
OUR REPORT, WHICH WE'RE 

3494
02:27:44,200 --> 02:27:45,480
CURRENTLY HAVE IN DRAFT FORM 

3495
02:27:45,480 --> 02:27:49,680
RIGHT NOW, SHOWS A COUPLE 

3496
02:27:49,680 --> 02:27:50,160
THINGS.

3497
02:27:50,160 --> 02:27:51,760
ONE IS THAT MANY ORGANIZATIONS 

3498
02:27:51,760 --> 02:27:54,400
ARE HESITANT TO SHARE EVEN THE 

3499
02:27:54,400 --> 02:27:59,000
PRACTICES THEY WERE DOING TO BIO

3500
02:27:59,000 --> 02:28:00,920
RISK MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT 

3501
02:28:00,920 --> 02:28:03,200
AND WERE UNSURE HOW GOOD THE 

3502
02:28:03,200 --> 02:28:04,600
PRACTICES WERE BECAUSE THEY 

3503
02:28:04,600 --> 02:28:07,080
WEREN'T ABLE TO REALLY TALK TO A

3504
02:28:07,080 --> 02:28:08,920
LOT OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS ABOUT

3505
02:28:08,920 --> 02:28:11,720
WHAT'S WORKING AND WHAT ISN'T IN

3506
02:28:11,720 --> 02:28:14,160
A WAY THAT THEY CAN LEARN FROM.

3507
02:28:14,160 --> 02:28:16,680
ONE OF THE THINGS I THINK THIS 

3508
02:28:16,680 --> 02:28:19,840
HELPS TO BRING TO LIGHT IS THAT 

3509
02:28:19,840 --> 02:28:23,520
THE SYSTEM THAT WE HAVE FOR 

3510
02:28:23,520 --> 02:28:24,200
GOVERNING BIOSECURITY CONCERNS 

3511
02:28:24,200 --> 02:28:26,160
IS BASED ON COMPLIANCE.

3512
02:28:26,160 --> 02:28:28,480
WE HAVE THE POLICIES AND THEY'RE

3513
02:28:28,480 --> 02:28:29,960
ENACTED LOCALLY AND PEOPLE GET 

3514
02:28:29,960 --> 02:28:32,120
IN TROUBLE IF THEY DON'T FOLLOW 

3515
02:28:32,120 --> 02:28:32,320
THEM.

3516
02:28:32,320 --> 02:28:38,160
THIS IS NOT A SYSTEM BASED ON 

3517
02:28:38,160 --> 02:28:40,280
COLLABORATION OR BASED ON 

3518
02:28:40,280 --> 02:28:42,000
CURIOSITY AROUND WHAT WOULD BE 

3519
02:28:42,000 --> 02:28:43,080
UNDERSTOOD AND WHO NEEDS TO BE 

3520
02:28:43,080 --> 02:28:46,400
IN THE ROOM TO DO SOMETHING.

3521
02:28:46,400 --> 02:28:47,640
THIS ISN'T SURPRISING IF WE 

3522
02:28:47,640 --> 02:28:50,080
THINK ABOUT WHERE THE SYSTEM WE 

3523
02:28:50,080 --> 02:28:52,440
HAVE TODAY CAME FROM.

3524
02:28:52,440 --> 02:28:54,960
BIOLOGY WAS THOUGHT OF AS A 

3525
02:28:54,960 --> 02:28:55,200
SCIENCE.

3526
02:28:55,200 --> 02:28:56,440
THAT'S CHANGED IN THE LAST 20 

3527
02:28:56,440 --> 02:28:57,880
YEARS.

3528
02:28:57,880 --> 02:28:59,680
WE MOVED BIOLOGY TO BEING 

3529
02:28:59,680 --> 02:29:02,600
THOUGHT OF AS A TECHNOLOGY AND 

3530
02:29:02,600 --> 02:29:04,840
THEN THINK OF BIOLOGY AS NOT 

3531
02:29:04,840 --> 02:29:08,280
JUST AN ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE 

3532
02:29:08,280 --> 02:29:12,320
BUT AS A VITAL PART OF THE 

3533
02:29:12,320 --> 02:29:13,280
FUTURE VISION OF WHAT THE UNITED

3534
02:29:13,280 --> 02:29:23,760
STATES OF AMERICA IS IN THE 

3535
02:29:26,760 --> 02:29:26,880
WORLD.

3536
02:29:26,880 --> 02:29:33,120
THE  OF RESEARCH AND WE DECIDED 

3537
02:29:33,120 --> 02:29:34,280
TO DEFINE DUAL-USE RESEARCH OF 

3538
02:29:34,280 --> 02:29:34,720
CORNER NARROWLY.

3539
02:29:34,720 --> 02:29:38,160
WE DID THIS WHEN WE WERE WORRIED

3540
02:29:38,160 --> 02:29:40,200
ABOUT ANTHRAX AND OTHER THINGS 

3541
02:29:40,200 --> 02:29:42,480
AND ON THE BELIEF THE THINGS 

3542
02:29:42,480 --> 02:29:44,160
THAT NEEDED TO BE BALANCED WAS 

3543
02:29:44,160 --> 02:29:45,360
SCIENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY.

3544
02:29:45,360 --> 02:29:49,400
IT GOES BACK TO THE FOUNDING OF 

3545
02:29:49,400 --> 02:29:50,400
NSDD189 THE FIRST PANEL ALSO 

3546
02:29:50,400 --> 02:29:51,040
TALKED ABOUT.

3547
02:29:51,040 --> 02:29:53,760
WE THOUGHT IT WAS A GOOD IDEA 

3548
02:29:53,760 --> 02:29:55,880
BECAUSE IT GAVE CLEAR POLICY 

3549
02:29:55,880 --> 02:29:58,360
THAT WAS STRUCTURES AND ON 

3550
02:29:58,360 --> 02:30:00,400
AGENTS AND EXPERIMENTS OF KNOWN 

3551
02:30:00,400 --> 02:30:00,680
CONCERN.

3552
02:30:00,680 --> 02:30:02,200
WE HAVE SHOWN SOME LIMITATIONS 

3553
02:30:02,200 --> 02:30:02,800
IN THE PREVIOUS TALKS WE HAD 

3554
02:30:02,800 --> 02:30:08,160
TODAY.

3555
02:30:08,160 --> 02:30:10,360
THE BASIS NOT BEING GREAT BUT A 

3556
02:30:10,360 --> 02:30:11,960
BIGGER ISSUE WE'RE NOT YET 

3557
02:30:11,960 --> 02:30:15,960
GRAPPLING WITH IS THIS FORM OF 

3558
02:30:15,960 --> 02:30:18,400
SECURITY GOVERNANCE ENDENDERS IF

3559
02:30:18,400 --> 02:30:21,280
SOMETHING ISN'T P3CO IT'S IN THE

3560
02:30:21,280 --> 02:30:23,400
A SECURITY CONCERN.

3561
02:30:23,400 --> 02:30:25,800
IT'S A COMPLIANT NOT CURIOSITY 

3562
02:30:25,800 --> 02:30:28,520
MIND SET AND STILL NARROWLY 

3563
02:30:28,520 --> 02:30:31,440
FOCUSES ON THE SCIENCE-SECURITY 

3564
02:30:31,440 --> 02:30:32,840
DIVIDE AND INCLUDING ECONOMICS 

3565
02:30:32,840 --> 02:30:34,800
AND BROADENING OUT TO MENTAL 

3566
02:30:34,800 --> 02:30:36,600
HEALTH AND OTHER FORMS OF 

3567
02:30:36,600 --> 02:30:36,880
SECURITY.

3568
02:30:36,880 --> 02:30:42,520
IF THAT'S THE CONCEPTUAL 

3569
02:30:42,520 --> 02:30:52,000
CONTEXT, THEN WHAT GETS MISSED.

3570
02:30:52,000 --> 02:30:54,800
RENE TALKED ABOUT GENE-DRIVE 

3571
02:30:54,800 --> 02:30:57,160
RESEARCH AND THE INTERNATIONAL 

3572
02:30:57,160 --> 02:30:58,080
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CAREERS 

3573
02:30:58,080 --> 02:30:59,040
COMPETITION WAS THE FIRST 

3574
02:30:59,040 --> 02:31:00,400
ORGANIZATION TO DEVELOP A POLICY

3575
02:31:00,400 --> 02:31:02,840
AROUND GENE DRIVES WHICH IN PART

3576
02:31:02,840 --> 02:31:06,440
WAS BECAUSE TEAMS LIKE 

3577
02:31:06,440 --> 02:31:07,320
UNDERGRADUATE TEAMS WERE TRYING 

3578
02:31:07,320 --> 02:31:08,520
TO DEVELOP THEM A YEAR AFTER THE

3579
02:31:08,520 --> 02:31:12,560
INITIAL PAPERS CAME OUT.

3580
02:31:12,560 --> 02:31:15,520
THE OTHER PAPER'S IN THE 

3581
02:31:15,520 --> 02:31:16,160
CROSSOVER CONVERGENCE BETWEEN 

3582
02:31:16,160 --> 02:31:19,320
A.I. AND BIOLOGY.

3583
02:31:19,320 --> 02:31:20,600
THEY'RE NOT CAUGHT BY THE 

3584
02:31:20,600 --> 02:31:23,600
CURRENT SYSTEMS WE HAVE IN PLACE

3585
02:31:23,600 --> 02:31:23,800
TODAY.

3586
02:31:23,800 --> 02:31:26,160
THEY WERE CAUGHT BY FORWARD 

3587
02:31:26,160 --> 02:31:27,720
THINKING PRACTITIONERS BUT WE 

3588
02:31:27,720 --> 02:31:30,800
CAN'T RELY ON THEM FOR THE BROAD

3589
02:31:30,800 --> 02:31:33,840
SWATH OF ADVANCES WE'LL BE 

3590
02:31:33,840 --> 02:31:35,800
SEEING IN BIOENGINEERING IN THE 

3591
02:31:35,800 --> 02:31:36,600
YEARS TO COME.

3592
02:31:36,600 --> 02:31:41,880
WHAT'S THAT MEAN FOR THE FUTURE?

3593
02:31:41,880 --> 02:31:46,400
IT MEANS WE NEED TO 

3594
02:31:46,400 --> 02:31:47,360
INSTITUTIONALLY ENCOURAGE 

3595
02:31:47,360 --> 02:31:48,520
SUPPORT AND EXPERIMENTATION IN 

3596
02:31:48,520 --> 02:31:50,160
THE GOVERNANCE AND WHAT 

3597
02:31:50,160 --> 02:31:51,680
CONSTITUTES A SECURITY CONCERN 

3598
02:31:51,680 --> 02:31:53,400
AND WHO GETS TO DECIDE THAT AND 

3599
02:31:53,400 --> 02:31:58,360
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ABOUT IT.

3600
02:31:58,360 --> 02:31:59,840
ONE EXAMPLE OF THIS IS THE 

3601
02:31:59,840 --> 02:32:01,800
OBSERVE PROJECT WHICH I'M NOT 

3602
02:32:01,800 --> 02:32:04,640
GOING TO GO INTO A LOT OF DETAIL

3603
02:32:04,640 --> 02:32:09,120
HERE BUT IT WAS ANOTHER GREAT 

3604
02:32:09,120 --> 02:32:11,840
EFFORT BY I THINK KATHERINE 

3605
02:32:11,840 --> 02:32:12,760
MIGHT HAVE BEEN A DOCTORAL 

3606
02:32:12,760 --> 02:32:22,120
STUDENT AND NOW A POST-DOC AND 

3607
02:32:22,120 --> 02:32:24,280
BRIDGET IS STILL A STUDENT AND 

3608
02:32:24,280 --> 02:32:26,680
THEY WERE WORKING ON A SYNTHESIS

3609
02:32:26,680 --> 02:32:31,360
COMPANY AND THEY WERE DOING THIS

3610
02:32:31,360 --> 02:32:36,120
IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO 

3611
02:32:36,120 --> 02:32:38,600
NOT ONLY HOW TO IDENTIFY 

3612
02:32:38,600 --> 02:32:40,000
SEQUENCES OF CONCERNS THAT MAY 

3613
02:32:40,000 --> 02:32:42,480
FALL OUT OF LISTS BUT AS A 

3614
02:32:42,480 --> 02:32:45,240
PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO BRING A 

3615
02:32:45,240 --> 02:32:46,280
MORE GROUNDED APPRECIATION OF 

3616
02:32:46,280 --> 02:32:48,960
THIS CURIOSITY MIND SET OF 

3617
02:32:48,960 --> 02:32:49,880
SECURITY GOVERNANCE TO 

3618
02:32:49,880 --> 02:32:50,640
EARLY-STAGE RESEARCHERS.

3619
02:32:50,640 --> 02:32:52,360
IT WAS DONE IN COLLABORATION 

3620
02:32:52,360 --> 02:32:53,480
WITH THE GOVERNMENT BUT SHUT 

3621
02:32:53,480 --> 02:32:58,400
DOWN A COUPLE DAYS BEFORE IT 

3622
02:32:58,400 --> 02:32:59,840
LAUNCHED BECAUSE OF CONCERNS WE 

3623
02:32:59,840 --> 02:33:03,960
ARE NOW WRITING UP IN A PAPER.

3624
02:33:03,960 --> 02:33:06,280
THIS IS THE TYPE OF EXAMPLE, 

3625
02:33:06,280 --> 02:33:07,800
LIKE THE DARPA SAFE GENES 

3626
02:33:07,800 --> 02:33:12,000
PROGRAMS THAT BROUGHT ME ON AS 

3627
02:33:12,000 --> 02:33:12,680
AN ADVISER.

3628
02:33:12,680 --> 02:33:15,640
IN A PLACE WHERE WE CAN ACT AND 

3629
02:33:15,640 --> 02:33:17,000
THINK LY BUT SHOWS THE 

3630
02:33:17,000 --> 02:33:21,760
IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL 

3631
02:33:21,760 --> 02:33:23,960
SUPPORT AND THE REPEATABILITY TO

3632
02:33:23,960 --> 02:33:27,720
WHERE THE EXPERIMENTS CAN FALL 

3633
02:33:27,720 --> 02:33:29,520
FLAT IF IT DOESN'T HAVE SUPPORT.

3634
02:33:29,520 --> 02:33:32,520
WHAT CAN NSABB DO TO ADDRESS 

3635
02:33:32,520 --> 02:33:34,920
THESE CONCERNS I'VE RAISED SO 

3636
02:33:34,920 --> 02:33:35,360
FAR?

3637
02:33:35,360 --> 02:33:37,840
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I THINK 

3638
02:33:37,840 --> 02:33:39,440
SHOULD BE DONE IS FOR LACK OF A 

3639
02:33:39,440 --> 02:33:47,480
BETTER WAY OF SAYING IT TO SAY 

3640
02:33:47,480 --> 02:33:50,080
THAT ALL RESEARCH IS DUAL USE.

3641
02:33:50,080 --> 02:33:52,120
WHEN SAID THIS WHEN BIOSECURITY 

3642
02:33:52,120 --> 02:33:53,200
WAS STILL BUILDING STEAM AROUND 

3643
02:33:53,200 --> 02:33:56,120
THE CURRENT SET OF POLICIES BUT 

3644
02:33:56,120 --> 02:33:58,360
WE'VE LARGELY FORGOTTEN IT AND 

3645
02:33:58,360 --> 02:33:59,360
IGNORED IT IN THE TEACHING AND 

3646
02:33:59,360 --> 02:34:00,920
TRAINING OF THE PEOPLE WE THINK 

3647
02:34:00,920 --> 02:34:04,720
ARE GOING TO BE LEADING THE 

3648
02:34:04,720 --> 02:34:06,800
CHARGE AND BRINGING NEW 

3649
02:34:06,800 --> 02:34:09,280
INNOVATIONS AND BIOLOGY TO 

3650
02:34:09,280 --> 02:34:09,520
SOCIETY.

3651
02:34:09,520 --> 02:34:12,320
SO I THINK THE NSABB SHOULD BOTH

3652
02:34:12,320 --> 02:34:13,760
WITHIN ITS CURRENT MANDATE AND 

3653
02:34:13,760 --> 02:34:18,000
THROUGH A NEW MANDATE, SEEK TO 

3654
02:34:18,000 --> 02:34:18,600
SHIP BIOSECURITY GOVERNANCE 

3655
02:34:18,600 --> 02:34:22,600
SYSTEM FROM A SYSTEM THAT 

3656
02:34:22,600 --> 02:34:25,440
ATTENDS TO THE ECONOMICS OF 

3657
02:34:25,440 --> 02:34:25,840
SOCIETY.

3658
02:34:25,840 --> 02:34:29,200
I'VE LISTED THE POLICIES HERE 

3659
02:34:29,200 --> 02:34:32,160
WHICH I WILL LEAVE OUT FOR THOSE

3660
02:34:32,160 --> 02:34:33,880
TO SEE FOR A LITTLE BIT BUT IT 

3661
02:34:33,880 --> 02:34:36,320
BUILDS OFF THE GUIDELINES 

3662
02:34:36,320 --> 02:34:37,840
ALREADY IN THE EXISTING POLICY 

3663
02:34:37,840 --> 02:34:39,840
THAT ALL RESEARCH CAN BE USED 

3664
02:34:39,840 --> 02:34:41,520
CONSISTENT IN A MANNER THAT 

3665
02:34:41,520 --> 02:34:42,480
RESULTS IN HARP.

3666
02:34:42,480 --> 02:34:46,400
THE QUESTION IS HOW DO WE A HOW 

3667
02:34:46,400 --> 02:34:50,160
DO WE APPROACH THAT DIRECTLY?

3668
02:34:50,160 --> 02:34:52,160
-- RESULTS IN HARM.

3669
02:34:52,160 --> 02:34:53,120
AND WHAT RESEARCH SHOULD BE 

3670
02:34:53,120 --> 02:34:55,080
SUBJECT TO THE CONCERNS OF THOSE

3671
02:34:55,080 --> 02:35:00,560
COMMUNITIES THAT ARE MOST LIKELY

3672
02:35:00,560 --> 02:35:01,880
DISAFFECTED BY THEM?

3673
02:35:01,880 --> 02:35:04,440
AND WE SHOULD HAVE AN EXPLICIT 

3674
02:35:04,440 --> 02:35:07,120
STATEMENT THAT EXPERIMENTATION 

3675
02:35:07,120 --> 02:35:08,840
OF BIO SECURITY GOVERNANCE IS 

3676
02:35:08,840 --> 02:35:09,880
SOMETHING TO BE FOSTERED.

3677
02:35:09,880 --> 02:35:10,720
I LEAVE IT THERE.

3678
02:35:10,720 --> 02:35:14,160
I LOOK FORWARD TO THE QUESTIONS 

3679
02:35:14,160 --> 02:35:20,160
AND THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME ON.

3680
02:35:20,160 --> 02:35:25,920
>> SAM, THANK YOU.

3681
02:35:25,920 --> 02:35:27,880
IF THE BOARD MEMBERS CAN TURN 

3682
02:35:27,880 --> 02:35:34,400
YOUR VIDEO BACK ON AND WE'RE 

3683
02:35:34,400 --> 02:35:38,160
READY TO ASK THE SPEAKER FINAL 

3684
02:35:38,160 --> 02:35:48,560
QUESTIONS OR THOUGHTS.

3685
02:35:50,240 --> 02:35:52,960
ALLOWING FUNDERS AND RESEARCHERS

3686
02:35:52,960 --> 02:35:56,120
AND INSTITUTES TO EXPERIMENT.

3687
02:35:56,120 --> 02:36:01,840
ONE THING WE LACK IS THE 

3688
02:36:01,840 --> 02:36:03,120
EXPERIMENTAL BASIS TO NOW WHAT 

3689
02:36:03,120 --> 02:36:05,480
WORKS AND DOESN'T WORK AND WHAT 

3690
02:36:05,480 --> 02:36:07,360
YOU'RE SAYING IN YOUR LAST 

3691
02:36:07,360 --> 02:36:07,760
BULLET.

3692
02:36:07,760 --> 02:36:10,040
HOW DO YOU ENVISION THE LIFE 

3693
02:36:10,040 --> 02:36:10,680
SCIENCE ENTERPRISE ACCOMPLISHING

3694
02:36:10,680 --> 02:36:14,240
THAT?

3695
02:36:14,240 --> 02:36:17,160
>> ONE THING I'LL SAY AND
I'D 

3696
02:36:17,160 --> 02:36:18,880
LOVE TO HEAR RENE'S THOUGHTS ON 

3697
02:36:18,880 --> 02:36:20,240
THIS AND ONE THING I'LL SAY IS 

3698
02:36:20,240 --> 02:36:22,400
THE EXPERIMENTS ARE ALREADY 

3699
02:36:22,400 --> 02:36:23,360
HAPPENING.

3700
02:36:23,360 --> 02:36:26,120
IF YOU THINK OF THINGS LIKE -- 

3701
02:36:26,120 --> 02:36:32,200
THIS BOARD ITSELF IS IN A WAY AN

3702
02:36:32,200 --> 02:36:32,640
EXPERIMENT.

3703
02:36:32,640 --> 02:36:37,480
THE FBI WEAPONS OF MASS 

3704
02:36:37,480 --> 02:36:40,000
DESTRUCTION AND ENVISION THE 

3705
02:36:40,000 --> 02:36:42,200
FBI'S ROLE IN RELATION TO 

3706
02:36:42,200 --> 02:36:43,680
BIOLOGY AND SECURITY.

3707
02:36:43,680 --> 02:36:47,400
THERE'S AN EXPERIMENT WHERE THE 

3708
02:36:47,400 --> 02:36:48,800
PARTICULAR MODEL OF BEING A 

3709
02:36:48,800 --> 02:36:50,840
YEARLY COMPETITION ALLOWS FOR 

3710
02:36:50,840 --> 02:36:53,480
ITERATION AND REFLECTION ON A 

3711
02:36:53,480 --> 02:36:55,200
STRUCTURED BASIS AND THEY LEAN 

3712
02:36:55,200 --> 02:36:57,360
INTO THAT WITH THE VICE 

3713
02:36:57,360 --> 02:36:58,840
PRESIDENT OF SAFETY AND SECURITY

3714
02:36:58,840 --> 02:37:00,920
TO CONTINUOUSLY BE REFLECTING ON

3715
02:37:00,920 --> 02:37:02,200
WHAT THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE THEY 

3716
02:37:02,200 --> 02:37:06,800
ARE MAKING INVITING A WIDE SET 

3717
02:37:06,800 --> 02:37:08,880
OF STOCKHOLDERS TO ASSESS 

3718
02:37:08,880 --> 02:37:10,440
WHETHER WHAT THEY'RE DOING IS 

3719
02:37:10,440 --> 02:37:11,640
ACCEPTABLE AND ADEQUATE AND 

3720
02:37:11,640 --> 02:37:12,960
TRYING OUT SOMETHING DIFFERENT 

3721
02:37:12,960 --> 02:37:13,800
THE NEXT YEAR.

3722
02:37:13,800 --> 02:37:19,280
THESE ARE ALL MODELS THAT CAN BE

3723
02:37:19,280 --> 02:37:21,120
BUILT UPON AND THERE ARE OTHERS.

3724
02:37:21,120 --> 02:37:22,400
WHAT I THINK IS THERE'S STRONG 

3725
02:37:22,400 --> 02:37:25,120
INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVE TO STAY 

3726
02:37:25,120 --> 02:37:29,560
THE COURSE AND TO GO ALONG THE 

3727
02:37:29,560 --> 02:37:31,240
EXISTING PATHWAYS OF KNOWN 

3728
02:37:31,240 --> 02:37:37,760
CONCERN AND OF KNOWN OVERSIGHT.

3729
02:37:38,240 --> 02:37:40,480
I AM STILL WORKING ON HOW TO 

3730
02:37:40,480 --> 02:37:40,800
BREAK THAT.

3731
02:37:40,800 --> 02:37:51,080
>> CHANGE IS HARD.

3732
02:37:53,720 --> 02:37:54,400
ALEX.

3733
02:37:54,400 --> 02:37:58,760
>> I'D LIKE IT HEAR THAT
IT'S 

3734
02:37:58,760 --> 02:38:03,680
PURELY NOT A SCIENTIFIC QUESTION

3735
02:38:03,680 --> 02:38:07,520
TO ASK ABOUT WHEN THE RISKS 

3736
02:38:07,520 --> 02:38:10,400
ASSOCIATED WITH RESEARCH ARE 

3737
02:38:10,400 --> 02:38:11,520
WORTHWHILE RELATIVE TO THE 

3738
02:38:11,520 --> 02:38:12,200
PROSPECT AND POTENTIAL BENEFITS 

3739
02:38:12,200 --> 02:38:13,320
WE'RE TRYING TO GENERATE.

3740
02:38:13,320 --> 02:38:15,840
I THINK WE ALL AGREE ON THAT.

3741
02:38:15,840 --> 02:38:17,920
THAT'S WHY THERE NEEDS TO BE AN 

3742
02:38:17,920 --> 02:38:18,520
INTERDISCIPLINARY PANEL THAT 

3743
02:38:18,520 --> 02:38:20,880
LOOKS AT THESE THING BUT I WANT 

3744
02:38:20,880 --> 02:38:23,160
TO ASK A MORE NARROW QUESTION 

3745
02:38:23,160 --> 02:38:29,280
WHICH GETS TO THE SLIDE THAT 

3746
02:38:29,280 --> 02:38:31,120
MARC LIPSITCH SHOWED AT WHAT 

3747
02:38:31,120 --> 02:38:33,840
LEVEL SHOULD JUDGMENTS BE MADE 

3748
02:38:33,840 --> 02:38:36,040
ABOUT WHAT THE RELATIVE 

3749
02:38:36,040 --> 02:38:38,040
SCIENTIFIC MERITS OF PARTICULAR 

3750
02:38:38,040 --> 02:38:39,560
METHODOLOGIES ARE BECAUSE WHEN 

3751
02:38:39,560 --> 02:38:44,800
WE CONSIDER A METHODOLOGY AND 

3752
02:38:44,800 --> 02:38:47,960
THE MERITS AND THE RISKS AND THE

3753
02:38:47,960 --> 02:38:48,640
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY DISCUSSION IS

3754
02:38:48,640 --> 02:38:50,040
A CLEAR SENSE OF WHAT IS AT 

3755
02:38:50,040 --> 02:38:52,840
STAKE FROM THE SCIENTIFIC SIDE.

3756
02:38:52,840 --> 02:38:56,920
SO WHAT LEVEL ARE WE GOING TO 

3757
02:38:56,920 --> 02:38:59,280
ASK LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO MAKE 

3758
02:38:59,280 --> 02:39:01,200
JUDGMENTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC 

3759
02:39:01,200 --> 02:39:02,080
QUESTIONS?

3760
02:39:02,080 --> 02:39:04,120
IS IT AT SOME LARGER REVIEW 

3761
02:39:04,120 --> 02:39:08,920
STAGE OR SHOULD THERE BE A 

3762
02:39:08,920 --> 02:39:10,200
COMMUNITY CONSENSUS ABOUT 

3763
02:39:10,200 --> 02:39:13,800
WHETHER PARTICULAR METHODOLOGIES

3764
02:39:13,800 --> 02:39:15,280
HAVE BECOME WHERE WE SHOULD USE 

3765
02:39:15,280 --> 02:39:18,280
THEM OR ALTERNATIVES THAT ARE 

3766
02:39:18,280 --> 02:39:19,960
LOWER RISK AND WE SHOULDN'T USE 

3767
02:39:19,960 --> 02:39:27,880
THOSE METHODOLOGIES AT ALL?

3768
02:39:27,880 --> 02:39:30,640
>> I'LL START BUT I'M
ANXIOUS TO

3769
02:39:30,640 --> 02:39:32,040
HERE WHAT OTHERS HAVE TO SAY.

3770
02:39:32,040 --> 02:39:34,960
YOU IDENTIFIED A HARD QUESTION.

3771
02:39:34,960 --> 02:39:39,520
I THINK SOME ACQUISITIONS AS I 

3772
02:39:39,520 --> 02:39:41,160
SEE IT ARE THAT WHEN THE WORSE 

3773
02:39:41,160 --> 02:39:47,240
THING YOU CAN DO IS WASTE MONEY,

3774
02:39:47,240 --> 02:39:50,200
THEN I THINK SCIENCE -- 

3775
02:39:50,200 --> 02:39:52,640
ADVANCING SCIENCE IS A GOOD 

3776
02:39:52,640 --> 02:39:54,400
ENOUGH REASON TO DO AN 

3777
02:39:54,400 --> 02:39:56,880
EXPERIMENT THAT MIGHT TURN OUT 

3778
02:39:56,880 --> 02:39:59,200
TO NOT BE A VERY GOOD 

3779
02:39:59,200 --> 02:40:00,960
EXPERIMENT.

3780
02:40:00,960 --> 02:40:05,280
ALL EXPERIMENTS CAN BE NOT 

3781
02:40:05,280 --> 02:40:07,840
INFORMATIVE IF IN SOME 

3782
02:40:07,840 --> 02:40:13,080
CIRCUMSTANCES, EVERY GRANT 

3783
02:40:13,080 --> 02:40:13,920
PROPOSAL IS A RISK FOR SOME 

3784
02:40:13,920 --> 02:40:14,360
AGENCY.

3785
02:40:14,360 --> 02:40:17,920
IF LIVES ARE AT STAKE AND THE 

3786
02:40:17,920 --> 02:40:20,000
EVALUATION IS THERE'S A CHANCE 

3787
02:40:20,000 --> 02:40:25,040
THAT'S WORTHY OF CONCERN OF 

3788
02:40:25,040 --> 02:40:27,400
STARTING A PANDEMIC, THEN THE 

3789
02:40:27,400 --> 02:40:28,640
JUSTIFICATION HAS TO BE IN TERMS

3790
02:40:28,640 --> 02:40:30,440
OF LIVES SAVED.

3791
02:40:30,440 --> 02:40:32,240
I DON'T KNOW HOW YOU WEIGH SMALL

3792
02:40:32,240 --> 02:40:33,880
PROBABILITIES ONLY BOTH SIDES.

3793
02:40:33,880 --> 02:40:35,080
THINK THAT'S A HARD THING.

3794
02:40:35,080 --> 02:40:45,560
I THINK AN AWFUL LOT OF THE 

3795
02:40:47,760 --> 02:40:49,160
SOLUTION CAN COME FROM THAT 

3796
02:40:49,160 --> 02:40:51,200
PRINCIPLE AND ANOTHER PRINCIPLE 

3797
02:40:51,200 --> 02:40:54,440
WE WROTE ABOUT A FEW YEARS BACK 

3798
02:40:54,440 --> 02:40:57,120
WHICH IS THE QUESTION SHOULD NOT

3799
02:40:57,120 --> 02:40:58,120
BE DO THIS EXPERIMENT OR DON'T 

3800
02:40:58,120 --> 02:40:58,800
DO THE EXPERIMENT.

3801
02:40:58,800 --> 02:41:01,840
IT SHOULD BE DO THE EXPERIMENT 

3802
02:41:01,840 --> 02:41:04,120
OR DO THE NEXT SAFE ALTERNATIVE 

3803
02:41:04,120 --> 02:41:06,240
TO THAT EXPERIMENT.

3804
02:41:06,240 --> 02:41:10,160
I THINK AN AWFUL LOT OF THE 

3805
02:41:10,160 --> 02:41:12,720
ALLEGED BENEFITS VANISH OR 

3806
02:41:12,720 --> 02:41:14,400
BECOME MUCH SMALLER WHEN YOU 

3807
02:41:14,400 --> 02:41:15,760
TAKE THE RIGHT COMPARISON IN 

3808
02:41:15,760 --> 02:41:17,320
THAT SENSE AND THAT WAS SORT 

3809
02:41:17,320 --> 02:41:20,200
OF -- I THINK WHAT RENE'S POINT 

3810
02:41:20,200 --> 02:41:22,400
WAS SAYING AND WHY I WANT TO 

3811
02:41:22,400 --> 02:41:23,200
BOLSTER IT.

3812
02:41:23,200 --> 02:41:24,800
THAT DOESN'T ANSWER THE QUESTION

3813
02:41:24,800 --> 02:41:26,560
FULLY BUT I THINK THOSE ARE TWO 

3814
02:41:26,560 --> 02:41:30,720
USEFUL PRINCIPLES.

3815
02:41:30,720 --> 02:41:33,520
>> I CAN JUMP IN AND
FOLLOW-ON.

3816
02:41:33,520 --> 02:41:35,640
IN TERMS OF WHAT LEVEL AND WHEN 

3817
02:41:35,640 --> 02:41:37,880
DOES THIS NEED TO BE ASSESSED, I

3818
02:41:37,880 --> 02:41:39,520
THINK THERE'S A LOT OF QUESTIONS

3819
02:41:39,520 --> 02:41:44,680
TO DIG IN AROUND THAT AS BEFORE 

3820
02:41:44,680 --> 02:41:46,520
THE EXPERIMENT IS DONE IS THE 

3821
02:41:46,520 --> 02:41:49,640
IDEAL TIME TO BE DOING THAT AND 

3822
02:41:49,640 --> 02:41:51,600
WHO DETERMINES THE RISK AND 

3823
02:41:51,600 --> 02:41:53,320
OPPORTUNITY AND BENEFIT IS ARE 

3824
02:41:53,320 --> 02:41:53,600
IMPORTANT.

3825
02:41:53,600 --> 02:41:54,840
ARE THE COMMUNITIES WHO ARE 

3826
02:41:54,840 --> 02:41:56,760
LIKELY TO BE MOST IMPACTED BY 

3827
02:41:56,760 --> 02:41:58,400
THAT TECHNOLOGY ARE THEY PART OF

3828
02:41:58,400 --> 02:42:01,840
THAT DECISION MAKING?

3829
02:42:01,840 --> 02:42:03,840
SO SOMEBODY MENTIONED COMMUNITY 

3830
02:42:03,840 --> 02:42:04,120
CONSENSUS.

3831
02:42:04,120 --> 02:42:05,600
HOW ARE WE ENGAGING TO HAVE A 

3832
02:42:05,600 --> 02:42:06,960
VOICE AND A SAY.

3833
02:42:06,960 --> 02:42:10,040
AT THE LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL 

3834
02:42:10,040 --> 02:42:13,520
REVIEW BOARD LEVEL THESE ARE 

3835
02:42:13,520 --> 02:42:18,400
SYSTEMS THAT MANY SCIENTIFIC -- 

3836
02:42:18,400 --> 02:42:20,800
MANY INSTITUTIONS HAVE BUT I DO 

3837
02:42:20,800 --> 02:42:21,920
KNOW WITH THE GENE DRIVE 

3838
02:42:21,920 --> 02:42:23,120
TECHNOLOGY EARLY ON THIS WAS 

3839
02:42:23,120 --> 02:42:26,560
APPROVED AND LOOKS LIKE YOUR 

3840
02:42:26,560 --> 02:42:30,400
STANDARD RUN OF THE MILL 

3841
02:42:30,400 --> 02:42:31,360
TRANSGENIC EXPERIMENT.

3842
02:42:31,360 --> 02:42:34,400
THERE'S POTENTIAL FOR DUAL-USE 

3843
02:42:34,400 --> 02:42:38,000
AND ACCIDENTAL MISUSE WITH US 

3844
02:42:38,000 --> 02:42:42,120
NOT DETERMINED BY THE BOARDS AND

3845
02:42:42,120 --> 02:42:44,640
HOW ARE YOU MAKING SURE THERE'S 

3846
02:42:44,640 --> 02:42:46,040
EXPERTISE ON THE BOARDS FROM 

3847
02:42:46,040 --> 02:42:48,680
PEERS TO HAVE AN EXPERT VIEW ON 

3848
02:42:48,680 --> 02:42:49,680
THAT TECHNOLOGY.

3849
02:42:49,680 --> 02:42:51,640
OFTEN THE DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY 

3850
02:42:51,640 --> 02:42:54,400
CAN BE BLIND TO THE POTENTIAL 

3851
02:42:54,400 --> 02:42:55,560
RISKS.

3852
02:42:55,560 --> 02:42:57,240
DEFINING AND MAKING SURE WE'RE 

3853
02:42:57,240 --> 02:42:58,120
BEING RIGOROUS IN THAT 

3854
02:42:58,120 --> 02:42:59,520
DEFINITION OF THAT RISK AND 

3855
02:42:59,520 --> 02:43:00,320
BENEFIT I THINK IS A DIRECTION 

3856
02:43:00,320 --> 02:43:06,280
WE NEED TO GO.

3857
02:43:06,280 --> 02:43:10,040
>> ONE THING I'LL ADD
HAVING THE

3858
02:43:10,040 --> 02:43:12,800
RESEARCH WORRYING ABOUT THE 

3859
02:43:12,800 --> 02:43:13,720
RESEARCH STAGE ISN'T THE ONLY 

3860
02:43:13,720 --> 02:43:17,120
PLACE WE CAN BE LOOKING HERE.

3861
02:43:17,120 --> 02:43:20,240
THE PRE FUNDING REVIEW AS WELL 

3862
02:43:20,240 --> 02:43:21,680
AND THE INSTITUTES AT THE 

3863
02:43:21,680 --> 02:43:24,720
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HAS AN 

3864
02:43:24,720 --> 02:43:25,960
EXTENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS BEFORE 

3865
02:43:25,960 --> 02:43:29,200
IT FUNDS WORK THAT INCLUDES THIS

3866
02:43:29,200 --> 02:43:30,920
REVIEW OF FROM PEOPLE LIKE ME 

3867
02:43:30,920 --> 02:43:32,000
WHO ATTEND TO THE SAFETY, 

3868
02:43:32,000 --> 02:43:34,160
SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL, 

3869
02:43:34,160 --> 02:43:37,560
LEGAL, ETHICAL AND OTHER 

3870
02:43:37,560 --> 02:43:37,960
ASPECTS.

3871
02:43:37,960 --> 02:43:40,000
THAT'S A LAYERED REVIEW PROCESS 

3872
02:43:40,000 --> 02:43:42,480
BEFORE THE RESEARCH IS EVEN 

3873
02:43:42,480 --> 02:43:52,640
CONDUCTED.

3874
02:43:53,800 --> 02:43:55,000
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

3875
02:43:55,000 --> 02:43:58,080
I WAS WONDERING IF THE PANELISTS

3876
02:43:58,080 --> 02:43:59,840
CAN DIG INTO A LITTLE BIT MORE 

3877
02:43:59,840 --> 02:44:01,680
THE CONVERSATION ABOUT ROLE AND 

3878
02:44:01,680 --> 02:44:02,160
RESPONSIBILITIES.

3879
02:44:02,160 --> 02:44:04,400
I KNOW THIS WAS IN THE DRAFT 

3880
02:44:04,400 --> 02:44:05,840
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE P3CO 

3881
02:44:05,840 --> 02:44:10,760
GROUP BUT IT SEEMS RELEVANT TO 

3882
02:44:10,760 --> 02:44:11,880
THE DURC RECOMMENDATIONS AND 

3883
02:44:11,880 --> 02:44:14,240
COMMUNICATING RISK AND BENEFIT 

3884
02:44:14,240 --> 02:44:16,120
AND TALKING ABOUT THE CHALLENGES

3885
02:44:16,120 --> 02:44:18,200
OF ASSESSING RISK AND BENEFIT 

3886
02:44:18,200 --> 02:44:21,000
AND LOTS OF COMMUNICATION ABOUT 

3887
02:44:21,000 --> 02:44:25,400
HOW TO TALK ABOUT AND AS A 

3888
02:44:25,400 --> 02:44:29,080
TAX-PAIR FUNDED ORGANIZATION WE 

3889
02:44:29,080 --> 02:44:30,720
THINK ABOUT PERCEPTIONS AND 

3890
02:44:30,720 --> 02:44:31,960
RESEARCH WE FUND.

3891
02:44:31,960 --> 02:44:33,720
WHAT ARE THE JOBS AND ROLES OF 

3892
02:44:33,720 --> 02:44:35,000
THE DIFFERENT PLAYERS IN THE 

3893
02:44:35,000 --> 02:44:37,040
SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATING WITH 

3894
02:44:37,040 --> 02:44:38,160
FIDELITY THE POTENTIAL RISKS AND

3895
02:44:38,160 --> 02:44:48,360
BENEFITS?

3896
02:44:48,800 --> 02:44:51,120
>> I'D LOVE FOR RENE TO
START 

3897
02:44:51,120 --> 02:44:51,400
THIS ONE.

3898
02:44:51,400 --> 02:44:57,240
>> I'M HAPPY TO TAKE A
SHOT AT 

3899
02:44:57,240 --> 02:44:57,440
IT.

3900
02:44:57,440 --> 02:44:58,640
AT EVERY LEVEL STAKEHOLDERS HAVE

3901
02:44:58,640 --> 02:45:01,120
A ROLE HERE WHETHER YOU'RE THE 

3902
02:45:01,120 --> 02:45:04,320
FUNDER OR THE RESEARCHER OR THE 

3903
02:45:04,320 --> 02:45:06,400
POST-DOC OR THE UNDER GRADUATE 

3904
02:45:06,400 --> 02:45:10,400
DOING THE EXPERIMENT.

3905
02:45:10,400 --> 02:45:12,320
EVERYBODY HAS A RESPONSIBILITY 

3906
02:45:12,320 --> 02:45:16,160
TO UNDERSTAND THE RISK AND BE 

3907
02:45:16,160 --> 02:45:17,640
ABLE TO COMMUNICATE THEM.

3908
02:45:17,640 --> 02:45:20,880
ONE COMPONENT AS YOU WERE SAYING

3909
02:45:20,880 --> 02:45:22,600
YOUR COMMENTS I WAS THINKING 

3910
02:45:22,600 --> 02:45:23,600
ABOUT IS WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT 

3911
02:45:23,600 --> 02:45:28,840
AND HOW ARE WE BUILDING THAT IN 

3912
02:45:28,840 --> 02:45:30,840
WHETHER THEY'RE ON THE NSABB OR 

3913
02:45:30,840 --> 02:45:32,240
AT AN INSTITUTION TO RECOGNIZE 

3914
02:45:32,240 --> 02:45:34,400
SOME OF THOSE RISKS?

3915
02:45:34,400 --> 02:45:35,680
IS THAT RESPONSIBILITY OF THE 

3916
02:45:35,680 --> 02:45:36,480
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY TO MAKE 

3917
02:45:36,480 --> 02:45:37,560
SURE WE'RE TRAINING THE NEXT 

3918
02:45:37,560 --> 02:45:42,520
GENERATION OF SCIENTISTS TO DO 

3919
02:45:42,520 --> 02:45:46,400
THAT AND I'LL FLAG THE WORKFORCE

3920
02:45:46,400 --> 02:45:49,120
DEVELOPMENT EFFORT WHERE IT 

3921
02:45:49,120 --> 02:45:49,840
ADDRESSES HUMAN PRACTICE FOR 

3922
02:45:49,840 --> 02:45:51,560
BIOSECURITY AND WHAT THE RISKS 

3923
02:45:51,560 --> 02:45:52,880
AND BENEFITS AND HOW ARE YOU 

3924
02:45:52,880 --> 02:45:55,080
ENGAGING COMMUNITIES IS BAKED 

3925
02:45:55,080 --> 02:45:55,240
IN.

3926
02:45:55,240 --> 02:45:56,760
IT'S A MUST-HAVE, YOUR PROJECT 

3927
02:45:56,760 --> 02:45:58,400
WON'T GO THROUGH IF IT DOESN'T 

3928
02:45:58,400 --> 02:46:00,520
EXIST AND SHOULD BE STANDARD 

3929
02:46:00,520 --> 02:46:02,120
PRACTICE IN MY OPINION TO BE 

3930
02:46:02,120 --> 02:46:02,640
COACHING EVERYBODY.

3931
02:46:02,640 --> 02:46:05,040
WHATEVER THEIR ROLE OR 

3932
02:46:05,040 --> 02:46:06,440
RESPONSIBILITY MAY BE IN THEIR 

3933
02:46:06,440 --> 02:46:08,280
CAREER AND AS IT CHANGES OVER 

3934
02:46:08,280 --> 02:46:11,880
TIME IT SHOULD BE A THREAD.

3935
02:46:11,880 --> 02:46:13,440
AND IT DIDN'T EXACTLY ANSWER 

3936
02:46:13,440 --> 02:46:15,280
YOUR QUESTION BUT I WANT TO GO 

3937
02:46:15,280 --> 02:46:17,600
BACK TO EVEN DEVELOPMENT OF 

3938
02:46:17,600 --> 02:46:19,000
SCIENTISTS AND MAKING SURE THIS 

3939
02:46:19,000 --> 02:46:19,920
IS BUILT IN.

3940
02:46:19,920 --> 02:46:20,560
>>  I APPRECIATE THE
QUESTION AS

3941
02:46:20,560 --> 02:46:24,640
WELL.

3942
02:46:24,640 --> 02:46:26,200
I'M NOT SURE EVERYBODY'S GOING 

3943
02:46:26,200 --> 02:46:30,200
TO LIKE MY ANSWER THOUGH WHICH 

3944
02:46:30,200 --> 02:46:33,360
IS I THINK THE BEST THING WE CAN

3945
02:46:33,360 --> 02:46:37,240
DO AS A GOVERNMENT IS TO BEGIN 

3946
02:46:37,240 --> 02:46:38,920
CHANGING THE PERCEPTION THAT 

3947
02:46:38,920 --> 02:46:42,480
SCIENCE -- THAT EVERYBODY THINK 

3948
02:46:42,480 --> 02:46:44,280
SCIENCE DOES GOOD.

3949
02:46:44,280 --> 02:46:47,960
THIS IDEA THAT RISK AND BENEFITS

3950
02:46:47,960 --> 02:46:49,360
IS GETTING AT IT AND THERE'S 

3951
02:46:49,360 --> 02:46:54,400
ALWAYS GOING TO BE SOME RISK.

3952
02:46:54,400 --> 02:47:00,240
THE MORE WE TURN ATTENTION TO 

3953
02:47:00,240 --> 02:47:02,240
WELL, WHO WILL BEAR THE BURDEN 

3954
02:47:02,240 --> 02:47:05,120
OF RISK?

3955
02:47:05,120 --> 02:47:06,600
AND NO RESEARCH IS RISK FREE AND

3956
02:47:06,600 --> 02:47:11,840
DRIVING THAT HOME TO EVERYBODY 

3957
02:47:11,840 --> 02:47:14,240
DOING THE RESEARCH IN A WAY TO 

3958
02:47:14,240 --> 02:47:15,920
SHOW IT'S OKAY TO HAVE THE 

3959
02:47:15,920 --> 02:47:16,560
CONVERSATION AROUND POTENTIAL 

3960
02:47:16,560 --> 02:47:17,640
CONCERNS THAT COME UP FROM THE 

3961
02:47:17,640 --> 02:47:20,000
WORK AND NOT JUST OKAY BUT 

3962
02:47:20,000 --> 02:47:23,320
SOMETHING TO BE ENCULTURED.

3963
02:47:23,320 --> 02:47:24,760
THAT'S WHAT IT'S GOING IN 

3964
02:47:24,760 --> 02:47:26,400
POTENTIAL TO HUMAN PRACTICES AND

3965
02:47:26,400 --> 02:47:29,120
TURNING ATTENTION TO THE WAY THE

3966
02:47:29,120 --> 02:47:30,160
BIOLOGY DONE SITS WITHIN THE 

3967
02:47:30,160 --> 02:47:30,720
SOCIETY AND THE SECURITY 

3968
02:47:30,720 --> 02:47:33,080
COMPONENT IS ONE OF THOSE.

3969
02:47:33,080 --> 02:47:38,600
IT'S NOT SOMETHING -- THE VAST 

3970
02:47:38,600 --> 02:47:41,200
MAJORITY OF TRAINING THAT GOES 

3971
02:47:41,200 --> 02:47:43,040
ON ACROSS RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 

3972
02:47:43,040 --> 02:47:44,240
ACROSS THE UNITED STATES.

3973
02:47:44,240 --> 02:47:46,040
IT TENDS TO START -- IT DOESN'T 

3974
02:47:46,040 --> 02:47:48,160
TEND TO START FROM THE POSITION 

3975
02:47:48,160 --> 02:47:49,880
OF ALL RESEARCH IS DUAL-USE.

3976
02:47:49,880 --> 02:47:51,080
IT STARTS FROM THE POSITION OF 

3977
02:47:51,080 --> 02:47:52,360
YOU'RE HERE BECAUSE YOU WANT TO 

3978
02:47:52,360 --> 02:47:54,280
CHANGE THE WORLD FOR GOOD.

3979
02:47:54,280 --> 02:47:58,160
OH, AND TRY NOT TO DO BAD 

3980
02:47:58,160 --> 02:47:58,400
THINGS.

3981
02:47:58,400 --> 02:48:00,440
THAT'S A VERY DIFFERENT STARTING

3982
02:48:00,440 --> 02:48:02,240
PLACE AND LEADS TO SYSTEMIC 

3983
02:48:02,240 --> 02:48:03,920
OCCLUSION OF THE ABILITY TO 

3984
02:48:03,920 --> 02:48:06,400
THINK WHAT YOU'RE DOING MIGHT BE

3985
02:48:06,400 --> 02:48:10,920
HARMFUL.

3986
02:48:10,920 --> 02:48:15,200
>> IS IT POSSIBLE TO
CHANGE THE 

3987
02:48:15,200 --> 02:48:16,720
PARADIGM SO WE START WITH THE 

3988
02:48:16,720 --> 02:48:17,120
NEXT GENERATION?

3989
02:48:17,120 --> 02:48:23,840
>> YES, THAT'S MY CAREER.

3990
02:48:23,840 --> 02:48:25,280
>> THE PARADIGM HAS
CHANGED 

3991
02:48:25,280 --> 02:48:25,480
BEFORE.

3992
02:48:25,480 --> 02:48:26,440
IT NEEDS TO CHANGE AGAIN AND 

3993
02:48:26,440 --> 02:48:34,320
NEEDS TO HAPPEN NOW AND THE 

3994
02:48:34,320 --> 02:48:36,560
NSABB IS WHY IT HAS TO BE 

3995
02:48:36,560 --> 02:48:38,760
ENCULTURED FROM THE TOP AND 

3996
02:48:38,760 --> 02:48:40,480
BOTTOM AND MIDDLE LEVEL AND THE 

3997
02:48:40,480 --> 02:48:42,160
NSABB HAS AN OBLIGATION AND DUTY

3998
02:48:42,160 --> 02:48:45,480
TO START SPEAKING IN A WAY THAT 

3999
02:48:45,480 --> 02:48:49,400
IS ABOUT ALL RESEARCH BEING 

4000
02:48:49,400 --> 02:48:49,640
DUAL-USE.

4001
02:48:49,640 --> 02:48:53,480
WE NEED TO APPRECIATE AND ACCEPT

4002
02:48:53,480 --> 02:48:54,720
THE FACT THAT PEOPLE KNOW NOT 

4003
02:48:54,720 --> 02:48:58,000
EVERYBODY WILL GET THE BENEFITS 

4004
02:48:58,000 --> 02:49:00,040
OF BIOLOGY.

4005
02:49:00,040 --> 02:49:10,680
THEY'LL BE DISTRIBUTE D 

4006
02:49:13,040 --> 02:49:14,240
INEQUITABLY.

4007
02:49:14,240 --> 02:49:18,040
>> ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE IS
TO TRY

4008
02:49:18,040 --> 02:49:19,640
TO COMMUNICATE WHAT IS IT 

4009
02:49:19,640 --> 02:49:21,680
SCIENTISTS -- HOW DO SCIENTISTS 

4010
02:49:21,680 --> 02:49:22,720
MAKE DECISIONS?

4011
02:49:22,720 --> 02:49:28,480
IT'S NOT THAT WE'RE LED BY OUR 

4012
02:49:28,480 --> 02:49:31,680
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO DO THE 

4013
02:49:31,680 --> 02:49:32,920
INEVITABLE NEXT EXPERIMENT AND 

4014
02:49:32,920 --> 02:49:35,720
THE INEVITABLE NEXT EXPERT AND 

4015
02:49:35,720 --> 02:49:38,920
THERE'S ONLY ONE WAY TO DO IT 

4016
02:49:38,920 --> 02:49:41,600
AND THERE'S A SPIRIT THAT LEADS 

4017
02:49:41,600 --> 02:49:42,560
US IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.

4018
02:49:42,560 --> 02:49:43,840
WE THINK ABOUT WHAT'S THE 

4019
02:49:43,840 --> 02:49:45,640
CHEAPEST WAY TO DO THIS AND THE 

4020
02:49:45,640 --> 02:49:47,120
FASTEST WAY TO DO THIS THAT GETS

4021
02:49:47,120 --> 02:49:51,640
ME A GOOD ANSWER AND THE WAY 

4022
02:49:51,640 --> 02:49:54,400
SOMEONE WOULD LIKE TO FUND TO 

4023
02:49:54,400 --> 02:49:58,240
GIVE ME A GOOD ANSWER.

4024
02:49:58,240 --> 02:50:01,600
FOR EVERY EXPERIMENT WE DO WE 

4025
02:50:01,600 --> 02:50:04,720
REJECT DOZENS OF ALTERNATIVES.

4026
02:50:04,720 --> 02:50:09,480
SOME EXPLICITLY AND SOME WE 

4027
02:50:09,480 --> 02:50:13,360
DON'T CONSIDER.

4028
02:50:13,360 --> 02:50:15,160
WHAT TURNS OUT TO BE THE SIGN OF

4029
02:50:15,160 --> 02:50:18,400
A GOOD EXPERIMENT IS SOMEONE WHO

4030
02:50:18,400 --> 02:50:21,360
GETS AHEAD WITH TWO STEPS RATHER

4031
02:50:21,360 --> 02:50:23,400
THAN ONE STEP IN THE KNOWLEDGE 

4032
02:50:23,400 --> 02:50:23,640
PATHWAY.

4033
02:50:23,640 --> 02:50:26,240
THAT'S ALSO ABSTRACT BUT THE 

4034
02:50:26,240 --> 02:50:27,240
IDEA THAT WHAT WE'RE DOING IS 

4035
02:50:27,240 --> 02:50:33,000
TRY TO FIND OUR WAY TO ANSWERS 

4036
02:50:33,000 --> 02:50:36,880
AND WE CONSIDER THE COSTS, HARMS

4037
02:50:36,880 --> 02:50:38,680
AND BENEFITS IS A USEFUL WAY TO 

4038
02:50:38,680 --> 02:50:40,920
THINK ABOUT IT AND HOW TO 

4039
02:50:40,920 --> 02:50:41,720
COMMUNICATE IT AS OTHERS ARE 

4040
02:50:41,720 --> 02:50:51,560
BETTER POSITIONED TO SAY.

4041
02:50:51,560 --> 02:51:01,840
>> THANK YOU.

4042
02:51:02,120 --> 02:51:12,560
DURC CAME THE THINK REPORT BY 

4043
02:51:16,200 --> 02:51:17,320
2005 IT BECAME A MEME AND THERE 

4044
02:51:17,320 --> 02:51:22,920
WAS NO WAY TO ACTUALLY GET IT 

4045
02:51:22,920 --> 02:51:33,200
OUT OF THE SYSTEM.

4046
02:51:34,800 --> 02:51:41,440
AND I AGREE THAT LISTS DON'T 

4047
02:51:41,440 --> 02:51:41,720
WORK.

4048
02:51:41,720 --> 02:51:47,320
THEY'LL BE A 20th CENTURY REM 

4049
02:51:47,320 --> 02:51:50,960
NENT AND THE SELECT AGENT LIST 

4050
02:51:50,960 --> 02:51:52,480
CAUSES PROBLEMS FOR ALL KINDS OF

4051
02:51:52,480 --> 02:51:54,400
PEOPLE AND FOR THOSE LIKE US 

4052
02:51:54,400 --> 02:52:00,080
TRYING TO FIX THIS, LET'S NOT 

4053
02:52:00,080 --> 02:52:01,360
LET IT GET TO THE POINT WHERE 

4054
02:52:01,360 --> 02:52:02,440
CONGRESS STARTS LEGISLATING 

4055
02:52:02,440 --> 02:52:04,760
BECAUSE WE'LL HAVE TO DEAL WITH 

4056
02:52:04,760 --> 02:52:05,800
A MORE DIFFICULT SITUATION 

4057
02:52:05,800 --> 02:52:07,040
WHETHER THEY'RE GOOD 

4058
02:52:07,040 --> 02:52:07,720
RECOMMENDATIONS OR NOT YOU'LL 

4059
02:52:07,720 --> 02:52:10,400
STILL HAVE TO DO THEM.

4060
02:52:10,400 --> 02:52:11,400
IT'S SELF-ORGANIZATION TO 

4061
02:52:11,400 --> 02:52:13,280
SELF-REGULATE IS THE WAY TO GO 

4062
02:52:13,280 --> 02:52:19,240
JUST LIKE THEY DID WITH THE RACK

4063
02:52:19,240 --> 02:52:22,120
IN 1975.

4064
02:52:22,120 --> 02:52:26,560
THE BOTTOM LINE IS SAFETY AND 

4065
02:52:26,560 --> 02:52:28,280
SECURITY AND THE PROBLEM IS 

4066
02:52:28,280 --> 02:52:30,160
ESPECIALLY FOR SECURITY THERE'S 

4067
02:52:30,160 --> 02:52:32,240
NO REAL INCENTIVES FOR IT.

4068
02:52:32,240 --> 02:52:36,720
THE INCENTIVES ARE TO PUBLISH 

4069
02:52:36,720 --> 02:52:39,320
GOOD PAPERS IN SCIENCE AND 

4070
02:52:39,320 --> 02:52:39,880
NATURE OR THE NEW ENGLAND 

4071
02:52:39,880 --> 02:52:41,560
JOURNAL FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENT 

4072
02:52:41,560 --> 02:52:43,520
AND TO MAKE PROGRESS AND 

4073
02:52:43,520 --> 02:52:50,280
DISCOVER NEW DRUGS AND MAKE NEW 

4074
02:52:50,280 --> 02:52:53,480
SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES.

4075
02:52:53,480 --> 02:52:55,720
AND I THINK THAT ONE OF THE 

4076
02:52:55,720 --> 02:52:58,400
THINGS WE REALLY MISSED HERE IS 

4077
02:52:58,400 --> 02:53:03,280
HOW TO INCENTIVIZE THE SAFETY 

4078
02:53:03,280 --> 02:53:06,240
AND SECURITY SUCH THAT 

4079
02:53:06,240 --> 02:53:08,640
SCIENTISTS AND PUBLIC FIGURES 

4080
02:53:08,640 --> 02:53:12,000
AND THE GOVERNMENT SEES IT AS 

4081
02:53:12,000 --> 02:53:13,520
SOMETHING WORTH DOING NOT JUST 

4082
02:53:13,520 --> 02:53:14,200
SOMETHING YOU SHOULD DO BECAUSE 

4083
02:53:14,200 --> 02:53:18,360
IT'S THE RIGHT THING TO DO.

4084
02:53:18,360 --> 02:53:19,640
YOU JUST CAN'T DEPEND ON 

4085
02:53:19,640 --> 02:53:21,480
EVERYBODY DOING THAT ESPECIALLY 

4086
02:53:21,480 --> 02:53:24,160
WHEN YOU START GETTING TO THE 

4087
02:53:24,160 --> 02:53:26,280
LARGER INTERNATIONAL ISSUES AND 

4088
02:53:26,280 --> 02:53:33,520
PRIVATE SECTOR ISSUES.

4089
02:53:33,520 --> 02:53:37,120
I'VE KNOWN MARK FOR SOME TIME 

4090
02:53:37,120 --> 02:53:40,000
AND WHAT DO YOU SEE AS HOW TO 

4091
02:53:40,000 --> 02:53:44,200
INCENTIVIZE THIS AND HOW TO MAKE

4092
02:53:44,200 --> 02:53:45,800
SCIENTISTS AND INSTITUTIONS WANT

4093
02:53:45,800 --> 02:53:47,040
TO DO THIS RATHER THAN HAVE TO 

4094
02:53:47,040 --> 02:53:57,400
DO IT UNDER DURESS?

4095
02:54:29,200 --> 02:54:31,320
>> PEOPLE ARE STARTING TO
SAY 

4096
02:54:31,320 --> 02:54:36,200
HOW DO WE INTERGAIT -- INTEGRATE

4097
02:54:36,200 --> 02:54:38,240
THE INCENTIVES FROM THE FUNDERS 

4098
02:54:38,240 --> 02:54:39,880
AND JOURNALS AND IF JOURNALS 

4099
02:54:39,880 --> 02:54:45,720
REQUIRE SOME KIND OF 

4100
02:54:45,720 --> 02:54:46,760
CERTIFICATION OF HAVING THOUGHT 

4101
02:54:46,760 --> 02:54:53,600
THROUGH AND GOTTEN SOME KIND OF 

4102
02:54:53,600 --> 02:54:56,640
EXTERNAL VALIDATION IN HIGH-RISK

4103
02:54:56,640 --> 02:54:58,240
EXPERIMENTS IT SOLVES THE 

4104
02:54:58,240 --> 02:54:59,280
PROBLEM THE GOVERNMENT CAN'T 

4105
02:54:59,280 --> 02:55:01,080
REGULATE THINGS IT DOESN'T FUND 

4106
02:55:01,080 --> 02:55:03,760
AS EASILY BECAUSE IT'S THE SAME 

4107
02:55:03,760 --> 02:55:05,120
AS IRBs.

4108
02:55:05,120 --> 02:55:07,040
EVERYBODY IS SUBJECT TO THE IRBs

4109
02:55:07,040 --> 02:55:10,400
WHICH SOMETIMES MORE THAN THEY 

4110
02:55:10,400 --> 02:55:11,960
SHOULD BE ARGUABLY BUT THAT'S 

4111
02:55:11,960 --> 02:55:14,960
WELL BEYOND GOVERNMENT FUNDING.

4112
02:55:14,960 --> 02:55:17,200
I THINK THAT KIND OF INTEGRATION

4113
02:55:17,200 --> 02:55:21,760
OF DIFFERENT INCENTIVES FROM 

4114
02:55:21,760 --> 02:55:22,440
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE SYSTEM 

4115
02:55:22,440 --> 02:55:25,240
AND AS YOU SAID IT DOESN'T HAVE 

4116
02:55:25,240 --> 02:55:27,360
TO BE -- FOR CERTAIN THINGS IT 

4117
02:55:27,360 --> 02:55:29,960
DOESN'T HAVE TO BE EVERY JOURNAL

4118
02:55:29,960 --> 02:55:30,600
BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE RESPOND TO 

4119
02:55:30,600 --> 02:55:34,120
THE INCENTIVES OF A FEW JOURNALS

4120
02:55:34,120 --> 02:55:36,520
AND WON'T DO WORK THAT WILL ONLY

4121
02:55:36,520 --> 02:55:37,760
BE PUBLISHABLE IN SOME PLACE 

4122
02:55:37,760 --> 02:55:38,360
THEIR COLLEAGUES DON'T THINK 

4123
02:55:38,360 --> 02:55:42,160
HIGHLY OF.

4124
02:55:42,160 --> 02:55:43,960
THAT'S A START, I THINK.

4125
02:55:43,960 --> 02:55:50,240
>> THERE'S A COUPLE OTHER
AREAS 

4126
02:55:50,240 --> 02:56:00,480
FOR INCENTIVATION AND GOVERNMENT

4127
02:56:00,480 --> 02:56:01,760
ISN'T THE ONLY PLACE DUAL-USE 

4128
02:56:01,760 --> 02:56:02,640
RESEARCH WILL OCCUR AND MAKING 

4129
02:56:02,640 --> 02:56:05,880
SURE INDUSTRY IS ENGAGED AND 

4130
02:56:05,880 --> 02:56:07,800
DEVELOPING PROCESSES AND THE 

4131
02:56:07,800 --> 02:56:12,000
DOUBLE-STRAND DNA GUIDANCE IS 

4132
02:56:12,000 --> 02:56:14,440
VOLUNTARY MOST COMPANIES ARE 

4133
02:56:14,440 --> 02:56:18,400
GOOD CITIZENS BUT SINCE 

4134
02:56:18,400 --> 02:56:22,400
SEQUENCING AND SYNTHESIS COSTS 

4135
02:56:22,400 --> 02:56:24,960
ARE DROPPING IT BECOMES MORE OF 

4136
02:56:24,960 --> 02:56:27,360
A BURDEN TO DO THE SCREENING AND

4137
02:56:27,360 --> 02:56:29,440
WHO CAN JUMP IN AND HELP PROVIDE

4138
02:56:29,440 --> 02:56:30,680
FUNDING TO SUPPORT THOSE 

4139
02:56:30,680 --> 02:56:34,000
ACTIVITIES IN INDUSTRY AS WELL.

4140
02:56:34,000 --> 02:56:36,240
I'D ALSO ARGUE FOR THE VENTURE 

4141
02:56:36,240 --> 02:56:40,360
FUNDING, THEY'RE FUNDERS AND 

4142
02:56:40,360 --> 02:56:41,520
BUILDING THIS INTO THEIR 

4143
02:56:41,520 --> 02:56:42,480
BUSINESS PLANS WITH THEIR NEW 

4144
02:56:42,480 --> 02:56:42,960
COMPANIES.

4145
02:56:42,960 --> 02:56:47,480
THEY MUST HAVE A REVENUE PLAN 

4146
02:56:47,480 --> 02:56:48,760
AND CYBER SECURITY PLAN AND WHAT

4147
02:56:48,760 --> 02:56:50,200
IS YOUR BIOSECURITY PLAN AND 

4148
02:56:50,200 --> 02:56:51,720
YOUR PLAN TO BE READY FOR THE 

4149
02:56:51,720 --> 02:56:53,720
NEXT PANDEMIC AND HOW IS YOUR 

4150
02:56:53,720 --> 02:56:57,040
WORKFORCE GOING TO BE SUPPORTED?

4151
02:56:57,040 --> 02:56:59,640
THAT COULD ALSO POTENTIALLY 

4152
02:56:59,640 --> 02:57:00,480
TOUCH ON INSURANCE AS WELL.

4153
02:57:00,480 --> 02:57:02,240
IT'S BEEN A HARD NUT TO CRACK.

4154
02:57:02,240 --> 02:57:05,080
THERE'S INCENTIVES THROUGH 

4155
02:57:05,080 --> 02:57:06,400
INSURANCE SO INSTITUTES CAN 

4156
02:57:06,400 --> 02:57:07,920
POTENTIALLY HAVE A MODEL TO GET 

4157
02:57:07,920 --> 02:57:10,840
INSURED IF THEY AGREE TO PUT THE

4158
02:57:10,840 --> 02:57:13,840
PROCESSES IN PLACE AND HAVE 

4159
02:57:13,840 --> 02:57:24,360
INCENTIVATION THROUGH INSURANCE.

4160
02:57:28,000 --> 02:57:29,840
>> VERY QUICKLY THE
INCENTIVE 

4161
02:57:29,840 --> 02:57:34,400
STRUCTURE CAN BE THERE AND HOW 

4162
02:57:34,400 --> 02:57:36,440
RENE SPOKE EARLIER ABOUT 

4163
02:57:36,440 --> 02:57:38,680
FOCUSSING RESEARCH AND 

4164
02:57:38,680 --> 02:57:39,640
INNOVATION ON AREAS OF 

4165
02:57:39,640 --> 02:57:41,000
BIOSECURITY NEED.

4166
02:57:41,000 --> 02:57:42,480
BUILDING UP CAPACITY TO SAY, OH,

4167
02:57:42,480 --> 02:57:44,240
THIS IS A PROBLEM WE ALL AGREE 

4168
02:57:44,240 --> 02:57:49,840
IS A PROBLEM WE NEED TO TEND TO 

4169
02:57:49,840 --> 02:57:54,800
AND THESE KINDS OF INCENTIVES 

4170
02:57:54,800 --> 02:57:57,000
CAN EXIST QUICKLY WITHIN 

4171
02:57:57,000 --> 02:57:57,240
FUNDING.

4172
02:57:57,240 --> 02:57:59,120
THE OTHER THING I WOULD SAY IS 

4173
02:57:59,120 --> 02:58:02,240
TO LOWER THE STAKES FOR THE 

4174
02:58:02,240 --> 02:58:03,520
PEOPLE EXPERIMENTING NOVEL 

4175
02:58:03,520 --> 02:58:06,400
GOVERNANCE APPROACHES.

4176
02:58:06,400 --> 02:58:08,000
IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG IN AN 

4177
02:58:08,000 --> 02:58:12,240
IBC IT SHOULDN'T BLOWUP IN A 

4178
02:58:12,240 --> 02:58:14,240
NATIONAL CONVERSATION 

4179
02:58:14,240 --> 02:58:17,320
NECESSARILY.

4180
02:58:17,320 --> 02:58:18,840
TO HAVE METHODS WHERE -- TO 

4181
02:58:18,840 --> 02:58:19,600
UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEMS WILL 

4182
02:58:19,600 --> 02:58:25,080
COME UP AND HAVE MORE DEVELOPED 

4183
02:58:25,080 --> 02:58:27,480
METHODS FOR ADDRESSING POTENTIAL

4184
02:58:27,480 --> 02:58:32,160
PROBLEMS WITH THE GOVERNANCES WE

4185
02:58:32,160 --> 02:58:33,880
HAVE WITHOUT THEM BECOMING MAJOR

4186
02:58:33,880 --> 02:58:34,280
POLITICAL ISSUES.

4187
02:58:34,280 --> 02:58:35,720
>> WE HAVE TWO MORE
QUESTIONS 

4188
02:58:35,720 --> 02:58:36,640
AND WE'RE GETTING CLOSE TO END 

4189
02:58:36,640 --> 02:58:39,360
TIME BUT I THINK WE HAVE TIME TO

4190
02:58:39,360 --> 02:58:41,200
GET MARC AND PAMELA IN.

4191
02:58:41,200 --> 02:58:46,240
MARC, YOU'RE NEXT.

4192
02:58:46,240 --> 02:58:49,200
>> THANKS.

4193
02:58:49,200 --> 02:58:52,360
I'LL REFER TO MY COMMENTS IN THE

4194
02:58:52,360 --> 02:58:53,960
2020 NSABB MEETING.

4195
02:58:53,960 --> 02:58:57,360
NUMBER ONE, I WANT TO SAY I'M 

4196
02:58:57,360 --> 02:58:59,520
NOTE AWARE OF SCIENTISTS I WORK 

4197
02:58:59,520 --> 02:59:04,720
WITH TO FIND A FASTER, EASIER 

4198
02:59:04,720 --> 02:59:07,520
WAY OF WORK WITHOUT A COMMITMENT

4199
02:59:07,520 --> 02:59:12,040
TO IMPORTANT PROGRESS BECAUSE 

4200
02:59:12,040 --> 02:59:14,520
THEY DO HAVE RISK ASSOCIATED AND

4201
02:59:14,520 --> 02:59:17,400
THOSE WHO WORK WITH THEM.

4202
02:59:17,400 --> 02:59:18,400
THAT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THERE'S

4203
02:59:18,400 --> 02:59:22,400
NOT A CYNICAL COMPONENT TO THIS 

4204
02:59:22,400 --> 02:59:24,760
FOR PEOPLE WHO WORK ON THE 

4205
02:59:24,760 --> 02:59:26,160
PATHOGENS.

4206
02:59:26,160 --> 02:59:29,680
I WISH THERE WERE MORE 

4207
02:59:29,680 --> 02:59:30,440
EXPERIMENTAL SCIENTISTS ON THE 

4208
02:59:30,440 --> 02:59:31,520
PANEL TODAY.

4209
02:59:31,520 --> 02:59:33,240
I WANTED TO ASK THE QUESTION 

4210
02:59:33,240 --> 02:59:35,520
BECAUSE IT'S SOMETHING I'VE 

4211
02:59:35,520 --> 02:59:41,800
ASKED BEFORE AND I DON'T HEAR 

4212
02:59:41,800 --> 02:59:45,040
ANY CONVERSATION ABOUT HOW 

4213
02:59:45,040 --> 02:59:48,440
SCIENCE IS PERFORMED AND BENEFIT

4214
02:59:48,440 --> 02:59:50,840
IS EASIER TO PREDICT AND RISK IS

4215
02:59:50,840 --> 02:59:57,480
HYPOTHETICAL.

4216
02:59:57,480 --> 03:00:02,280
THERE'S A CERTAIN MUTATION BEING

4217
03:00:02,280 --> 03:00:04,640
INTRODUCED AND IS THERE A 

4218
03:00:04,640 --> 03:00:09,720
PROPOSAL SAYING IF I DO 

4219
03:00:09,720 --> 03:00:14,040
EXPERIMENT A , I MIGHT DO 

4220
03:00:14,040 --> 03:00:19,560
EXPERIMENT B THAT IS MORE OF A 

4221
03:00:19,560 --> 03:00:25,280
WILD TYPE VIRUS AND IT SEEMS 

4222
03:00:25,280 --> 03:00:25,960
LIKE SCIENCE PERFORMS AND IT 

4223
03:00:25,960 --> 03:00:29,040
DOESN'T THROW OUT THE BABY WITH 

4224
03:00:29,040 --> 03:00:30,720
THE BATH WATER WITH GLOBAL RISK 

4225
03:00:30,720 --> 03:00:40,880
AND MAYBE YOU CAN ADDRESS THAT.

4226
03:00:40,880 --> 03:00:44,680
>> MAKING SURE WE ONLY DO
THE 

4227
03:00:44,680 --> 03:00:46,360
ASSESSMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF 

4228
03:00:46,360 --> 03:00:50,200
THE BODY OF WORK AND HAVING THE 

4229
03:00:50,200 --> 03:00:51,880
TEAM AVAILABLE TO DO THAT IS 

4230
03:00:51,880 --> 03:00:55,760
IMPORTANT AND TAKES FUNDING TO 

4231
03:00:55,760 --> 03:00:56,640
HAVE AN ADVISORY THAT CAN 

4232
03:00:56,640 --> 03:00:58,400
CONTINUE TO LOOK AT THE 

4233
03:00:58,400 --> 03:00:59,720
EXPERIMENTS AND BE PRESENT FOR 

4234
03:00:59,720 --> 03:01:02,160
THE UNEXPECTED.

4235
03:01:02,160 --> 03:01:03,960
I THINK IN YOUR PROPOSAL LOOKING

4236
03:01:03,960 --> 03:01:06,400
AT ITERATIVE AND PLANNING AHEAD 

4237
03:01:06,400 --> 03:01:11,560
SAY  -- IS A GREAT WAY TO DO IT 

4238
03:01:11,560 --> 03:01:14,040
AN THERE'S ALWAYS SURPRISES IF 

4239
03:01:14,040 --> 03:01:15,280
SCIENCE STAYS TRUE TO ITSELF AND

4240
03:01:15,280 --> 03:01:16,520
BUILD THAT IN FROM THE BEGINNING

4241
03:01:16,520 --> 03:01:21,920
AND REVISIT THAT OVER AND OVER.

4242
03:01:29,760 --> 03:01:32,240
>> AND INVOLVE AN
ITERATIVE PLAN

4243
03:01:32,240 --> 03:01:34,280
SAYING IF WE DO A WE DO 

4244
03:01:34,280 --> 03:01:35,680
ADDITIONAL REVIEW IF WE GET B WE

4245
03:01:35,680 --> 03:01:41,600
MOVE ON FORWARD SO THAT IN 

4246
03:01:41,600 --> 03:01:43,680
FACT -- I AGREE WITH THE REVIEW 

4247
03:01:43,680 --> 03:01:47,880
BUT ALLOWS THAT KIND OF WORK TO 

4248
03:01:47,880 --> 03:01:49,080
GO FORWARD AND WITH GUIDELINES 

4249
03:01:49,080 --> 03:01:50,280
IN PLACE FOR THE SCIENCE AND THE

4250
03:01:50,280 --> 03:01:56,240
PEOPLE DOING IT.

4251
03:01:56,240 --> 03:01:59,560
>> I NOW UNDERSTAND IT
BETTER.

4252
03:01:59,560 --> 03:02:04,600
IT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE.

4253
03:02:04,600 --> 03:02:09,360
I WANT TO SAY I'M NOT SURE ABOUT

4254
03:02:09,360 --> 03:02:12,800
THE COMMENT OF DOING THINGS IN A

4255
03:02:12,800 --> 03:02:14,880
FASTER THINGS OR IF YOU DO A 

4256
03:02:14,880 --> 03:02:16,360
HARD OR EASY EXPERIMENT AND GAVE

4257
03:02:16,360 --> 03:02:18,160
THE SAME ANSWER YOU DO THE 

4258
03:02:18,160 --> 03:02:18,880
EASIER ONE.

4259
03:02:18,880 --> 03:02:20,640
I MEANT THAT IN THE GOOD SENSE 

4260
03:02:20,640 --> 03:02:22,200
OF OPTIMIZING YOUR USE OF 

4261
03:02:22,200 --> 03:02:23,160
RESOURCES NOT IN THE SENSE OF 

4262
03:02:23,160 --> 03:02:33,480
TAKING SHORTCUTS.

4263
03:02:34,240 --> 03:02:36,760
>> WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT

4264
03:02:36,760 --> 03:02:38,240
PROVIDING A TEMPLATE FOR SOMEONE

4265
03:02:38,240 --> 03:02:41,520
TO FOLLOW AND WHICH WAY THEY'D 

4266
03:02:41,520 --> 03:02:44,240
BE GO, NO-GO?

4267
03:02:44,240 --> 03:02:46,240
WE DON'T PUT THAT IN ANY OF OUR 

4268
03:02:46,240 --> 03:02:47,520
CONVERSATIONS I'M AWARE OF AND 

4269
03:02:47,520 --> 03:02:50,280
WOULD LIKE TO SEE SOMETHING LIKE

4270
03:02:50,280 --> 03:02:50,480
THAT.

4271
03:02:50,480 --> 03:02:54,880
I THINK THAT WOULD WORK.

4272
03:02:54,880 --> 03:02:56,920
>> IT MIGHT GET VERY LONG.

4273
03:02:56,920 --> 03:02:58,680
IT MAKES TOTAL SENSE IN 

4274
03:02:58,680 --> 03:02:59,120
PRACTICAL TERMS.

4275
03:02:59,120 --> 03:03:02,440
I CAN IMAGINE A STUDY SECTION 

4276
03:03:02,440 --> 03:03:06,000
SAYING FIRST OF ALL, IT'S TOO 

4277
03:03:06,000 --> 03:03:08,240
COMPLICATED I CAN'T UNDERSTAND 

4278
03:03:08,240 --> 03:03:09,160
IT.

4279
03:03:09,160 --> 03:03:10,400
SECONDLY, THEY OBVIOUSLY 

4280
03:03:10,400 --> 03:03:13,200
DON'T -- WE ALL KNOW THE WORK 

4281
03:03:13,200 --> 03:03:16,120
THAT'S ALREADY BEEN DONE GETS 

4282
03:03:16,120 --> 03:03:16,960
FUNDED BETTER THAN WORK THAN 

4283
03:03:16,960 --> 03:03:18,160
HASN'T ALREADY BEEN DONE AND 

4284
03:03:18,160 --> 03:03:21,000
IT'S A CLUE YOU HAVEN'T ALREADY 

4285
03:03:21,000 --> 03:03:24,040
DONE THE WORK AND THEREFORE TO 

4286
03:03:24,040 --> 03:03:25,680
BE FOR A MOMENT A LITTLE BIT 

4287
03:03:25,680 --> 03:03:26,800
CYNICAL, I THINK YOU'D HAVE TO 

4288
03:03:26,800 --> 03:03:30,560
HAVE A CERTAIN KIND OF REVIEW 

4289
03:03:30,560 --> 03:03:36,640
GROUP THAT WAS TIKE -- TAKING A 

4290
03:03:36,640 --> 03:03:37,280
DIFFERENT APPROACH FROM WHAT 

4291
03:03:37,280 --> 03:03:39,160
SOME REVIEW GROUPS DO.

4292
03:03:39,160 --> 03:03:41,760
>> REVIEW ENTITIES HAVE
THAT 

4293
03:03:41,760 --> 03:03:43,600
PROCESS IN PLACE.

4294
03:03:43,600 --> 03:03:46,360
THEY BUILD THEM UP ON A CASE BY 

4295
03:03:46,360 --> 03:03:49,120
CASE BASIS BUT WE DON'T KNOW HOW

4296
03:03:49,120 --> 03:03:50,400
EFFECTIVE THEY'RE WORKING AND 

4297
03:03:50,400 --> 03:03:52,160
DON'T KNOW THE GROUP.

4298
03:03:52,160 --> 03:03:54,160
THE WORK IS THERE IT'S JUST NOT 

4299
03:03:54,160 --> 03:03:56,280
HEARD AND WE DON'T HAVE A SYSTEM

4300
03:03:56,280 --> 03:04:06,400
TO SUPPORT THE SHARING OF THAT.

4301
03:04:06,400 --> 03:04:10,600
>> PAMELA, YOU'RE NEXT AND
WE'LL

4302
03:04:10,600 --> 03:04:12,800
GO TO PAMELA FIRST.

4303
03:04:12,800 --> 03:04:14,240
>> I'M THINKING ABOUT
SOMETHING 

4304
03:04:14,240 --> 03:04:20,200
RENE SAID THAT RESONATED FOR ME 

4305
03:04:20,200 --> 03:04:23,400
AND HOW DO WE MAKE POLICIES IN A

4306
03:04:23,400 --> 03:04:24,040
WORLD WHERE BIOLOGY IS JUST 

4307
03:04:24,040 --> 03:04:26,920
MOVING SO FAST?

4308
03:04:26,920 --> 03:04:32,280
AND SO I WANT TO ASK ABOUT WHAT 

4309
03:04:32,280 --> 03:04:34,400
HAPPENS WHEN WE BECOME SO GOOD 

4310
03:04:34,400 --> 03:04:36,400
AT PREDICTING HOW BIOLOGY 

4311
03:04:36,400 --> 03:04:37,720
BEHAVES THAT YOU DON'T EVEN HAVE

4312
03:04:37,720 --> 03:04:48,080
TO DO THE EXPERIMENTS?

4313
03:04:48,640 --> 03:04:52,000
YOU PUT UP THE PAPER ABOUT THE 

4314
03:04:52,000 --> 03:04:52,680
DRUGS THAT CAN ACT WITH 

4315
03:04:52,680 --> 03:04:54,400
DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS AND PEOPLE

4316
03:04:54,400 --> 03:04:56,240
ARE PUBLISHING PAPERS ABOUT 

4317
03:04:56,240 --> 03:04:58,440
VIRUSES THAT CAN EVADE THE 

4318
03:04:58,440 --> 03:05:08,920
IMMUNE RESPONSE BY PREDICTION.

4319
03:05:25,280 --> 03:05:26,400
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT.

4320
03:05:26,400 --> 03:05:28,560
>> WE DON'T HAVE TO THINK
OF THE

4321
03:05:28,560 --> 03:05:30,240
POLICY BEHIND THE BIOLOGY.

4322
03:05:30,240 --> 03:05:32,040
THERE'S EVERY REASON TO THINK 

4323
03:05:32,040 --> 03:05:36,800
THE WAY WE TRAIN OUR BUY 

4324
03:05:36,800 --> 03:05:39,200
OGOLOGOG  -- 

4325
03:05:39,200 --> 03:05:40,760
BIOLOGISTS NEED TO INCORPORATE 

4326
03:05:40,760 --> 03:05:51,280
THE QUESTIONS ON WHAT KIND OF 

4327
03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:03,640
THE WORK WITHIN THE WIDER 

4328
03:06:03,640 --> 03:06:03,920
CONTEXT.

4329
03:06:03,920 --> 03:06:06,400
>> THINK IT'S SOMETHING WE
HAVE 

4330
03:06:06,400 --> 03:06:16,640
TO ANTICIPATE.

4331
03:06:17,080 --> 03:06:19,240
THIS GOES BEYOND OUR BIOLOGIST 

4332
03:06:19,240 --> 03:06:21,160
AS OUR STUDENTS ARE DOING MORE 

4333
03:06:21,160 --> 03:06:22,560
A.I. LEARNING.

4334
03:06:22,560 --> 03:06:24,560
THIS IS SO TEMPTING FOR THEM TO 

4335
03:06:24,560 --> 03:06:32,240
THINK ABOUT HOW DO I MAKE A BAD 

4336
03:06:32,240 --> 03:06:33,080
VIRUS.

4337
03:06:33,080 --> 03:06:35,240
AND THEN FORMULA FOR HOW TO DO 

4338
03:06:35,240 --> 03:06:36,040
THESE THINGS WILL START TO 

4339
03:06:36,040 --> 03:06:38,240
BECOME MORE AND MORE OF A 

4340
03:06:38,240 --> 03:06:45,240
REALITY.

4341
03:06:45,240 --> 03:06:45,840
>> RENE.

4342
03:06:45,840 --> 03:06:47,600
>> I LOVE TO THINK ABOUT
WHEN 

4343
03:06:47,600 --> 03:06:48,760
BIOLOGY GETS SO GOOD WE'RE ABLE 

4344
03:06:48,760 --> 03:06:50,240
TO PREDICT IT.

4345
03:06:50,240 --> 03:06:52,080
I THINK THERE'S A TREMENDOUS 

4346
03:06:52,080 --> 03:06:53,080
OPPORTUNITY THERE TO AGAIN GOING

4347
03:06:53,080 --> 03:06:58,040
BACK TO MY COMMENTS ABOUT EARLY 

4348
03:06:58,040 --> 03:07:00,160
WARNING AND BIO SURVEILLANCE AND

4349
03:07:00,160 --> 03:07:02,240
IF WE CAN PREDICT SOMETHING AS A

4350
03:07:02,240 --> 03:07:04,040
POTENTIAL BAD OUTCOME WE CAN 

4351
03:07:04,040 --> 03:07:05,800
START TO PROACTIVELY LOOK FOR IT

4352
03:07:05,800 --> 03:07:07,560
BUT ONLY IF WE HAVE THE 

4353
03:07:07,560 --> 03:07:09,520
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS IN PLACE TO

4354
03:07:09,520 --> 03:07:10,400
DO SO.

4355
03:07:10,400 --> 03:07:13,960
THERE'S A FEW EXAMPLES FROM 

4356
03:07:13,960 --> 03:07:15,760
PAPERS THAT WE CAN BE 

4357
03:07:15,760 --> 03:07:17,840
PROACTIVELY LOOKING FOR TARGETS.

4358
03:07:17,840 --> 03:07:22,400
TO YOUR POINT, AS WE HAVE THE 

4359
03:07:22,400 --> 03:07:24,320
ENGINEERED BIOLOGICAL FUTURE WE 

4360
03:07:24,320 --> 03:07:26,280
HAVE TO START NOW NOT ONLY 

4361
03:07:26,280 --> 03:07:27,640
UNDERSTANDING HOW TO 

4362
03:07:27,640 --> 03:07:29,080
DIFFERENTIATE ONE ORGANISM FROM 

4363
03:07:29,080 --> 03:07:31,360
ANOTHER IF IT'S GOOD OR BAD BUT 

4364
03:07:31,360 --> 03:07:33,400
ALSO MESSAGING THE PUBLIC AND I 

4365
03:07:33,400 --> 03:07:35,680
REMEMBER WHEN I WAS AT DARPA WE 

4366
03:07:35,680 --> 03:07:38,240
USED TO JOKE, I'LL SAY, IF WE 

4367
03:07:38,240 --> 03:07:40,200
WENT INTO THE CHARLES RIVER AND 

4368
03:07:40,200 --> 03:07:42,320
SEQUENCED THAT WATER, THERE'S 

4369
03:07:42,320 --> 03:07:45,760
GOING TO BE ENGINEERED THINGS IN

4370
03:07:45,760 --> 03:07:47,560
THAT WATER AND SO ALWAYS AN 

4371
03:07:47,560 --> 03:07:48,280
EXPERIMENT YOU'D NEVER DO 

4372
03:07:48,280 --> 03:07:50,080
BECAUSE HOW WILL YOU MESSAGE 

4373
03:07:50,080 --> 03:07:50,280
THAT?

4374
03:07:50,280 --> 03:07:53,720
WHAT IS THE PUBLIC GOING THINK?

4375
03:07:53,720 --> 03:07:55,000
GMOs AREN'T ALL BAD.

4376
03:07:55,000 --> 03:07:56,280
THESE ARE THINGS WE NEED TO 

4377
03:07:56,280 --> 03:07:58,640
START NOW TO BE READY FOR THAT 

4378
03:07:58,640 --> 03:08:03,960
FUTURE THAT YOU DESCRIBE AND 

4379
03:08:03,960 --> 03:08:04,680
THERE'S TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITY 

4380
03:08:04,680 --> 03:08:05,960
THERE EXCITING TO PURSUE.

4381
03:08:05,960 --> 03:08:07,880
YOUR LAST POINT WITH THE 

4382
03:08:07,880 --> 03:08:10,160
TEMPTATION TO DO THINGS THAT ARE

4383
03:08:10,160 --> 03:08:12,200
BAD, I THINK RED TEAMING IS ONE 

4384
03:08:12,200 --> 03:08:14,240
OF THE BEST THINGS YOU CAN DO ON

4385
03:08:14,240 --> 03:08:17,000
PROJECTS BUT YOU HAVE TO CREATE 

4386
03:08:17,000 --> 03:08:17,560
A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.

4387
03:08:17,560 --> 03:08:20,600
DON'T KNOW I HAVE THE PERFECT 

4388
03:08:20,600 --> 03:08:22,360
ANSWERS TO THOSE QUESTIONS BUT I

4389
03:08:22,360 --> 03:08:26,960
DO KNOW FROM DARPA WHEN WE 

4390
03:08:26,960 --> 03:08:28,680
BROUGHT IN SOME EXPERT 

4391
03:08:28,680 --> 03:08:30,320
PROFESSORS TO RED TEAM PROGRAMS 

4392
03:08:30,320 --> 03:08:33,520
WE WERE WORKING ON IT WAS 

4393
03:08:33,520 --> 03:08:36,640
ENLIGHTENING TO HAVE OTHER 

4394
03:08:36,640 --> 03:08:37,600
PERSPECTIVES FROM OTHER FIELDS.

4395
03:08:37,600 --> 03:08:39,160
I GUESS MOST OF US ON THE CALL 

4396
03:08:39,160 --> 03:08:42,280
HAVE A BACKGROUND IN BIOLOGY AND

4397
03:08:42,280 --> 03:08:43,800
GENETICS ABOUT THE WHAT ABOUT 

4398
03:08:43,800 --> 03:08:49,440
OTHER FIELDS THAT CAN BRING A 

4399
03:08:49,440 --> 03:08:50,000
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE AND 

4400
03:08:50,000 --> 03:08:51,680
POTENTIAL FOR RISK.

4401
03:08:51,680 --> 03:08:53,480
IT'S AN IMPORTANT POINT.

4402
03:08:53,480 --> 03:09:00,120
MAKE SURE CARMELLA GETS TO JUMP 

4403
03:09:00,120 --> 03:09:02,240
IN.

4404
03:09:02,240 --> 03:09:10,400
>> THERE WAS POINT BROUGHT
UP 

4405
03:09:10,400 --> 03:09:18,400
ABOUT INCENTIVES AND RESEARCHERS

4406
03:09:18,400 --> 03:09:23,200
ARE CRAFTING THEIR PROPOSALS FOR

4407
03:09:23,200 --> 03:09:24,960
REVIEW AND RATHER THAN HAVING A 

4408
03:09:24,960 --> 03:09:29,400
VIEW YOU HAVE TO INCENTIVIZE 

4409
03:09:29,400 --> 03:09:31,280
LIKE THE SECURITY RESPONSIVE 

4410
03:09:31,280 --> 03:09:32,520
BEHAVIOR, I THINK THE DESIRE TO 

4411
03:09:32,520 --> 03:09:34,480
DO THAT IS ALREADY THERE.

4412
03:09:34,480 --> 03:09:36,480
AND THE WAY THAT SCIENTISTS 

4413
03:09:36,480 --> 03:09:40,000
WRITE OUR APPLICATIONS OF COURSE

4414
03:09:40,000 --> 03:09:41,840
SPEAKING AS A JUNIOR FACULTY 

4415
03:09:41,840 --> 03:09:43,440
BUSY WRITING APPLICATIONS ALL 

4416
03:09:43,440 --> 03:09:47,440
THE TIME, WHAT WE PROPOSE IS IN 

4417
03:09:47,440 --> 03:09:48,320
DIRECT RESPONSE TO THE 

4418
03:09:48,320 --> 03:09:49,400
EXPECTATIONS FROM THE REVIEW 

4419
03:09:49,400 --> 03:09:49,600
PANEL.

4420
03:09:49,600 --> 03:09:53,240
I DON'T THINK IT WOULD -- I 

4421
03:09:53,240 --> 03:09:57,840
THINK IT'S A MATTER OF BALANCING

4422
03:09:57,840 --> 03:09:58,840
WHAT IS REQUIRED IN THE 

4423
03:09:58,840 --> 03:10:03,880
APPLICATION AS LONG AS YOU DON'T

4424
03:10:03,880 --> 03:10:05,760
ATTEMPT TO JUST ADD BIO SECURITY

4425
03:10:05,760 --> 03:10:07,480
ON TOP OF EVERYTHING ELSE.

4426
03:10:07,480 --> 03:10:08,880
TO BE FRANK THERE ARE FEATURES 

4427
03:10:08,880 --> 03:10:10,400
AND THINGS THAT ARE ASKED IN A 

4428
03:10:10,400 --> 03:10:11,440
STANDARD APPLICATION THAT DON'T 

4429
03:10:11,440 --> 03:10:14,400
REALLY MAKE THE SCIENCE ANY 

4430
03:10:14,400 --> 03:10:20,240
BETTER AND CAN BE REMOVED OR 

4431
03:10:20,240 --> 03:10:25,640
REPLACED SO THERE'S MORE THINGS 

4432
03:10:25,640 --> 03:10:27,480
THAT WOULD HAVE A POSITIVE 

4433
03:10:27,480 --> 03:10:28,520
IMPACT ON THE SCIENCE BEING DONE

4434
03:10:28,520 --> 03:10:29,440
AND HOW IT'S REVIEWED.

4435
03:10:29,440 --> 03:10:34,840
I WANTED TO MAKE THAT COMMENT TO

4436
03:10:34,840 --> 03:10:36,640
CHALLENGE THE IDEA THAT GETTING 

4437
03:10:36,640 --> 03:10:41,680
SCIENTIST TO SPEAK ON VIRAL 

4438
03:10:41,680 --> 03:10:45,680
SECURITY AND WOULD BE A MATTER 

4439
03:10:45,680 --> 03:10:47,320
OF THE BEHAVIOR.

4440
03:10:47,320 --> 03:10:50,240
IT'S JUST WHAT THE REVIEW 

4441
03:10:50,240 --> 03:11:00,600
PANEL'S ASKING FOR.

4442
03:11:04,360 --> 03:11:05,560
THE DIFFERENCE AND QUALITY OF 

4443
03:11:05,560 --> 03:11:13,120
PROPOSAL HAS BEEN VSTRIKING LAS 

4444
03:11:13,120 --> 03:11:23,360
FIVE YEARS.

4445
03:11:55,200 --> 03:11:57,440
AND THE MOMENT IS CONSTRUCTIVE.

4446
03:11:57,440 --> 03:11:59,200
IT'S GREAT TO HEAR THERE IS MORE

4447
03:11:59,200 --> 03:12:01,840
ATTENTION TO ON THE PART OF THE 

4448
03:12:01,840 --> 03:12:02,160
RESEARCHERS.

4449
03:12:02,160 --> 03:12:03,960
I THINK IT'S ANOTHER STATEMENT 

4450
03:12:03,960 --> 03:12:07,120
OF THE EXPANSION OF THE BREADTH 

4451
03:12:07,120 --> 03:12:09,080
OF THE RESEARCH CYCLE THAT NEEDS

4452
03:12:09,080 --> 03:12:11,240
TO HAVE THE KIND OF ATTENTION TO

4453
03:12:11,240 --> 03:12:13,040
SECURITY CONCERNS.

4454
03:12:13,040 --> 03:12:16,280
IT'S NOT JUST THE P.I. WHICH IS 

4455
03:12:16,280 --> 03:12:17,240
WHERE SO MUCH OF THE ATTENTION 

4456
03:12:17,240 --> 03:12:27,880
OF THE POLICIES ARE IN PLACE.

4457
03:12:27,880 --> 03:12:28,880
>> WELL, WE'RE IN TIME AND
I 

4458
03:12:28,880 --> 03:12:32,560
WANT TO THANK OUR SPEAKERS THIS 

4459
03:12:32,560 --> 03:12:34,400
AFTERNOON, YOU PROVIDED THE 

4460
03:12:34,400 --> 03:12:37,000
THOUGHT PROVOKING AFTERNOON.

4461
03:12:37,000 --> 03:12:39,840
IT'S BEEN -- I THINK YOU MADE 

4462
03:12:39,840 --> 03:12:42,440
OUR CHALLENGES HARDER BUT I'VE 

4463
03:12:42,440 --> 03:12:43,600
ALSO HEARD SOME OPPORTUNITIES.

4464
03:12:43,600 --> 03:12:44,800
I THINK PART OF OUR JOB NOW IS 

4465
03:12:44,800 --> 03:12:47,120
TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT THE 

4466
03:12:47,120 --> 03:12:52,000
OPPORTUNITIES AS WE THINK ABOUT 

4467
03:12:52,000 --> 03:12:53,840
HOW WE BALANCE THE SECURITY AND 

4468
03:12:53,840 --> 03:12:57,840
SAFETY CONCERNS WHILE ENABLING 

4469
03:12:57,840 --> 03:12:59,840
THE LIVE SCIENCE TO CONTINUE TO 

4470
03:12:59,840 --> 03:13:01,920
INNOVATE AND SOMEHOW AS A 

4471
03:13:01,920 --> 03:13:03,760
COMMUNITY WE HAVE TO DO THAT BUT

4472
03:13:03,760 --> 03:13:05,280
WE HAVE TO ADDRESS SOME OF THE 

4473
03:13:05,280 --> 03:13:06,680
HARD POLICY ISSUES AND OVERCOME 

4474
03:13:06,680 --> 03:13:10,360
SOME OF THE CHALLENGES.

4475
03:13:10,360 --> 03:13:13,360
I'M ALWAYS -- OPTIMISTIC WITH 

4476
03:13:13,360 --> 03:13:15,600
THE OPPORTUNITIES YOU BROUGHT 

4477
03:13:15,600 --> 03:13:16,480
FORWARD AND WE'LL CONTINUE TO 

4478
03:13:16,480 --> 03:13:16,920
TAKE YOUR INPUT.

4479
03:13:16,920 --> 03:13:17,840
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

4480
03:13:17,840 --> 03:13:19,000
I WANT TO THANK THE PEOPLE THAT 

4481
03:13:19,000 --> 03:13:20,520
TOOK THE TIME TO SPEAK TO US 

4482
03:13:20,520 --> 03:13:23,440
FROM THE PUBLIC COMMENTS 

4483
03:13:23,440 --> 03:13:26,280
VERBALLY AND ALSO SUBMITTED 

4484
03:13:26,280 --> 03:13:28,360
WRITTEN PUBLIC COMMENTS AND THE 

4485
03:13:28,360 --> 03:13:29,080
NSABB WILL TAKE ALL THAT 

4486
03:13:29,080 --> 03:13:33,720
INFORMATION IN AS WE CONTINUE TO

4487
03:13:33,720 --> 03:13:35,480
LOOK AT THE P3CO AND DURC 

4488
03:13:35,480 --> 03:13:37,280
WORKING GROUPS CONTINUE TO WORK 

4489
03:13:37,280 --> 03:13:40,240
ON THIS AND AT SOME POINT WE'LL 

4490
03:13:40,240 --> 03:13:41,800
COME TOGETHER AS A FINAL 

4491
03:13:41,800 --> 03:13:44,880
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF 

4492
03:13:44,880 --> 03:13:47,000
THE ENTIRE BOARD AS WE CONTINUE 

4493
03:13:47,000 --> 03:13:48,400
TO WORK ON THESE THE NEXT 

4494
03:13:48,400 --> 03:13:50,880
SEVERAL MONTHS.

4495
03:13:50,880 --> 03:13:53,480
WITH THAT BACK FOR LAST-MINUTE 

4496
03:13:53,480 --> 03:13:53,760
THOUGHTS.

4497
03:13:53,760 --> 03:13:55,040
>> THANK YOU, FOR YOUR 

4498
03:13:55,040 --> 03:13:56,520
LEADERSHIP OF THIS GROUP.

4499
03:13:56,520 --> 03:13:58,320
WE ARE GREATLY APPRECIATIVE OF 

4500
03:13:58,320 --> 03:13:59,880
YOUR WORK.

4501
03:13:59,880 --> 03:14:01,720
I AM THRILLED TO SAY YOU ALL 

4502
03:14:01,720 --> 03:14:03,720
JOINED US TODAY AND HEARD 

4503
03:14:03,720 --> 03:14:04,880
IMPORTANT CONVERSATIONS AND 

4504
03:14:04,880 --> 03:14:06,560
REFLECTED OFTEN SOME OF THE 

4505
03:14:06,560 --> 03:14:07,400
CONCEPTS DISCUSSED TODAY THAT 

4506
03:14:07,400 --> 03:14:10,400
ARE MEANING IT WILL TO US 

4507
03:14:10,400 --> 03:14:14,280
ESPECIALLY AS POLICY MAKER S.

4508
03:14:14,280 --> 03:14:16,960
I WANTED TO EMPHASIZE FRAMEWORK 

4509
03:14:16,960 --> 03:14:18,800
CAPABLE OF ANTICIPATING THE PACE

4510
03:14:18,800 --> 03:14:20,640
OF TECHNOLOGY IS A CHALLENGE AND

4511
03:14:20,640 --> 03:14:22,000
ONE WE HOPE TO ADDRESS HERE.

4512
03:14:22,000 --> 03:14:24,240
OUR GOAL IS TO THINK HOW TO 

4513
03:14:24,240 --> 03:14:27,400
CREATE THE POLICY TO ALLOW THE 

4514
03:14:27,400 --> 03:14:29,160
RESEARCH TO PROVIDE SWIFTLY BUT 

4515
03:14:29,160 --> 03:14:31,160
THE APPROPRIATE GUARDRAILS IN 

4516
03:14:31,160 --> 03:14:35,600
PLACE TO HAVE CONSISTENCY AND 

4517
03:14:35,600 --> 03:14:38,720
NOT HAVE THE FITS AND STOPS.

4518
03:14:38,720 --> 03:14:40,680
WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO US AND WHAT 

4519
03:14:40,680 --> 03:14:45,320
WE THOUGHT IS HOW TO INCENTIVIZE

4520
03:14:45,320 --> 03:14:46,000
THIS CULTURE OF RESPONSIBILITY 

4521
03:14:46,000 --> 03:14:48,080
AND COMPLIANCE IS NEEDED BUT OF 

4522
03:14:48,080 --> 03:14:50,280
COURSE DRIVEN BY ESTABLISHED 

4523
03:14:50,280 --> 03:14:52,160
INCENTIVES THAT ARE NEEDED TO 

4524
03:14:52,160 --> 03:14:53,880
INITIATE AND SUSTAIN LONG-TERM 

4525
03:14:53,880 --> 03:14:54,120
CHANGE.

4526
03:14:54,120 --> 03:14:57,520
THIS IS THE AREA WHERE YOU ALL 

4527
03:14:57,520 --> 03:15:00,640
HERE TODAY AND NSABB CAN PROVE 

4528
03:15:00,640 --> 03:15:03,920
TO BE AN AGENT FOR CHANGE ACROSS

4529
03:15:03,920 --> 03:15:05,880
SECTORS AND DISCIPLINES AND 

4530
03:15:05,880 --> 03:15:08,120
HAVING THE COORDINATED WHOLISTIC

4531
03:15:08,120 --> 03:15:08,400
APPROACH.

4532
03:15:08,400 --> 03:15:09,480
THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO

4533
03:15:09,480 --> 03:15:11,360
JOIN US AND ALL YOUR INPUT IS 

4534
03:15:11,360 --> 03:15:12,520
EXTREMELY VALUABLE TO THE WORK 

4535
03:15:12,520 --> 03:15:14,280
WE'LL BE DOING AND CONTINUE TO 

4536
03:15:14,280 --> 03:15:18,080
DO AND THANK YOU AGAIN TO THE 

4537
03:15:18,080 --> 03:15:20,080
MEMBERS WHO CONTINUE TO DEVOTE 

4538
03:15:20,080 --> 03:15:21,920
AN EXTRAORDINARY TIME ON TOP OF 

4539
03:15:21,920 --> 03:15:23,160
OTHER DUTIES TO HAVE A 

4540
03:15:23,160 --> 03:15:23,960
DELIBERATIVE PROCESS.

4541
03:15:23,960 --> 03:15:26,280
THANK YOU, DR. PARKER.

4542
03:15:26,280 --> 03:15:28,800
>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR
CLOSING 

4543
03:15:28,800 --> 03:15:31,000
REMARKS AND TO THANK THE MEMBERS

4544
03:15:31,000 --> 03:15:32,480
AND I LOOK FORWARD CONTINUING TO

4545
03:15:32,480 --> 03:15:34,280
WORK HARD WITH YOU OVER THE NEXT

4546
03:15:34,280 --> 03:15:35,640
SEVERAL MONTHS AS WE GRAPPLE 

4547
03:15:35,640 --> 03:15:36,960
WITH THESE ISSUES.

4548
03:15:36,960 --> 03:15:39,160
WITH THAT, THIS MEETING OF THE 

4549
03:15:39,160 --> 03:15:39,600
NSABB IS ADJOURNED.

4550
03:15:39,600 --> 00:00:00,000
THANK YOU.