1 00:00:05,166 --> 00:00:10,338 GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. 2 00:00:10,338 --> 00:00:12,073 PETER TARCZY-HORNOCH AND THIS 3 00:00:12,073 --> 00:00:14,542 MEETING IS NOW CALLED TO ORDER. 4 00:00:14,542 --> 00:00:16,444 THIS PART OF THE MEETING IS 5 00:00:16,444 --> 00:00:19,514 BEING BROADCAST LIVE ON THE NIH 6 00:00:19,514 --> 00:00:21,182 VIDEOCAST SIDE AND RECORDED FOR 7 00:00:21,182 --> 00:00:22,083 ON DEMAND VIEWING. 8 00:00:22,083 --> 00:00:24,485 I'D LIKE IT THANK THE MEMBERS OF 9 00:00:24,485 --> 00:00:28,723 THE BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC 10 00:00:28,723 --> 00:00:30,358 COUNSELORS AND THE NLM FACULTY 11 00:00:30,358 --> 00:00:32,326 AND STAFF FOR THEIR SUPPORT AND 12 00:00:32,326 --> 00:00:34,062 WOULD ALSO LIKE TO ANNOUNCE FOR 13 00:00:34,062 --> 00:00:39,367 THIS SESSION AND THE NEXT ONE 14 00:00:39,367 --> 00:00:42,003 JORDAN WILL BE CO-CHAIRING THE 15 00:00:42,003 --> 00:00:43,538 INCOMING CHAIR AND I'LL BE 16 00:00:43,538 --> 00:00:44,939 TRANSITIONING OFF AFTER THE NEXT 17 00:00:44,939 --> 00:00:47,875 BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS 18 00:00:47,875 --> 00:00:50,144 MEETING AND WOULD LIKE TO THANK 19 00:00:50,144 --> 00:00:52,814 JEAN FOR TAKING THE REINS OF 20 00:00:52,814 --> 00:00:54,849 THIS ILLUSTRIOUS GROUP. 21 00:00:54,849 --> 00:00:57,251 WITH THAT I RECOMMEND WE GO 22 00:00:57,251 --> 00:01:00,822 AHEAD AND PROCEED WITH OUR 23 00:01:00,822 --> 00:01:06,561 REMARKS FROM STEVE SHERRY THE 24 00:01:06,561 --> 00:01:10,732 ACTING NLM DIRECTOR AND THEN 25 00:01:10,732 --> 00:01:11,332 RICHARD SCHEUERMANN. 26 00:01:11,332 --> 00:01:14,569 >> GREAT, THANK YOU, PETER. 27 00:01:14,569 --> 00:01:16,804 HOLD ON I'M SETTING UP TO SHARE 28 00:01:16,804 --> 00:01:25,046 HERE. 29 00:01:25,046 --> 00:01:28,816 HERE WE GO. 30 00:01:28,816 --> 00:01:31,252 ALL RIGHT, WELCOME AND GOOD 31 00:01:31,252 --> 00:01:32,587 MORNING EVERYONE. 32 00:01:32,587 --> 00:01:35,356 I'M EXCITED TO SHARE THE LATEST 33 00:01:35,356 --> 00:01:37,458 UPDATE I'M STEVEN SHERRY THE 34 00:01:37,458 --> 00:01:38,426 ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL 35 00:01:38,426 --> 00:01:39,127 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. 36 00:01:39,127 --> 00:01:43,331 BEFORE I GET STARTED I'D LIKE TO 37 00:01:43,331 --> 00:01:45,500 ACKNOWLEDGE THE DEDICATED 38 00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:47,969 LEADERSHIP TEAM, THESE ARE OUR 39 00:01:47,969 --> 00:01:48,803 SENIOR LEADERS DRIVING OUR 40 00:01:48,803 --> 00:01:53,708 SUCCESS AT NLM AND PROUD TO WORK 41 00:01:53,708 --> 00:01:56,811 AMONGST THIS INCREDIBLE GROUP OF 42 00:01:56,811 --> 00:01:57,044 LEADERS. 43 00:01:57,044 --> 00:01:59,180 I HAVE TRANSITION NEWS TO START. 44 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:01,549 FIRST I'M EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE 45 00:02:01,549 --> 00:02:04,819 DR. FUNG WAS APPOINTED THE 46 00:02:04,819 --> 00:02:11,125 DIRECTOR OF THE LISTER HILL 47 00:02:11,125 --> 00:02:18,032 LHNCBC AND HAS BEEN WITH US 20 48 00:02:18,032 --> 00:02:21,435 YEARS AND PUBLISHED RESEARCH ON 49 00:02:21,435 --> 00:02:23,070 COVID-19, LONG COVID, HIV AND 50 00:02:23,070 --> 00:02:23,905 OTHER TOPICS. 51 00:02:23,905 --> 00:02:27,074 I'M ALSO PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE JIM 52 00:02:27,074 --> 00:02:30,545 MORK HAS BEEN NAMED THE DEPUTY 53 00:02:30,545 --> 00:02:33,848 DIRECTOR OF LISTER HILL 54 00:02:33,848 --> 00:02:34,182 COMMUNICATION. 55 00:02:34,182 --> 00:02:36,050 HE SERVED AS THE CDC'S ACTING 56 00:02:36,050 --> 00:02:37,885 DIRECTOR AND BRINGS MORE THAN 26 57 00:02:37,885 --> 00:02:40,655 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN 58 00:02:40,655 --> 00:02:42,790 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND PRODUCT 59 00:02:42,790 --> 00:02:44,759 ASSESSMENT AND NATURAL LANGUAGE 60 00:02:44,759 --> 00:02:48,863 PROCESSING TO HIS NEW ROLE. 61 00:02:48,863 --> 00:02:52,300 WE'RE HAPPY TO HAVE THEM IN 62 00:02:52,300 --> 00:02:57,371 THEIR NEW ROLES. 63 00:02:57,371 --> 00:03:06,581 AND THE NLM INTERMURAL DIVISION 64 00:03:06,581 --> 00:03:08,783 THE BRANCH WAS PREVIOUSLY HOUSED 65 00:03:08,783 --> 00:03:13,287 UNDER THE COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 66 00:03:13,287 --> 00:03:16,123 BRANCH UNDER BIO TECHNOLOGY AND 67 00:03:16,123 --> 00:03:16,490 INFORMATION. 68 00:03:16,490 --> 00:03:19,260 IN THIS UPDATED CHART THE 69 00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:22,196 REORGANIZATION HAS ESTABLISHED 70 00:03:22,196 --> 00:03:22,763 THE DIR AS A SEPARATE NLM 71 00:03:22,763 --> 00:03:24,799 DIVISION THAT WILL NOW CONTAIN 72 00:03:24,799 --> 00:03:27,835 THE COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH BRANCH 73 00:03:27,835 --> 00:03:28,836 AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY BRANCH 74 00:03:28,836 --> 00:03:30,104 AS WELL AS ITS OWN OFFICE OF THE 75 00:03:30,104 --> 00:03:30,771 DIRECTOR. 76 00:03:30,771 --> 00:03:32,807 THE MILESTONE REPRESENTS A 77 00:03:32,807 --> 00:03:34,075 POSITIVE INVESTMENT IN GROWING A 78 00:03:34,075 --> 00:03:35,977 CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR 79 00:03:35,977 --> 00:03:38,112 INNOVATION AND COMPUTATIONAL 80 00:03:38,112 --> 00:03:39,780 BIOLOGY AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 81 00:03:39,780 --> 00:03:40,581 RESEARCH. 82 00:03:40,581 --> 00:03:44,652 IN THE NEW DIR, INVESTIGATORS 83 00:03:44,652 --> 00:03:47,755 WILL CONTINUE TO EXPAND THEIR 84 00:03:47,755 --> 00:03:48,723 DIVERSE COLLABORATIVE COMMUNITY 85 00:03:48,723 --> 00:03:49,824 TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE AND IMPROVE 86 00:03:49,824 --> 00:03:50,992 HUMAN HEALTH. 87 00:03:50,992 --> 00:03:52,793 I'D LIKE TO POINT OUT RICHARD 88 00:03:52,793 --> 00:03:55,263 SCHEUERMANN CONTINUES TO SERVE 89 00:03:55,263 --> 00:03:56,230 AS THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR AND 90 00:03:56,230 --> 00:03:59,200 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OVER ALL 91 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:01,636 DIRECTION AND QUALITY CONDUCTED 92 00:04:01,636 --> 00:04:02,470 BY THE DIR. 93 00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:05,640 DAVID LANCEMAN IS CHIEF OF THE 94 00:04:05,640 --> 00:04:07,341 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY BRANCH AND 95 00:04:07,341 --> 00:04:10,978 ACTING CHIEF OF THE 96 00:04:10,978 --> 00:04:12,880 COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH 97 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:13,114 BRANCH. 98 00:04:13,114 --> 00:04:15,483 NOW FOR UPDATES ABOUT NLM'S 99 00:04:15,483 --> 00:04:17,652 COMMITMENT TO INNOVATION. 100 00:04:17,652 --> 00:04:19,220 THERE'S FOUR DISTINCT WORK 101 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:20,855 STREAMS TO BUILD THE PROGRAM. 102 00:04:20,855 --> 00:04:24,792 THEY'RE GOVERNANCE AND 103 00:04:24,792 --> 00:04:26,227 MANAGEMENT, DEPLOYMENT AND 104 00:04:26,227 --> 00:04:29,764 MEASUREMENT AND LIFE CYCLE AND 105 00:04:29,764 --> 00:04:30,498 ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS. 106 00:04:30,498 --> 00:04:31,632 ALL WORK STREAMS HAVE ACHIEVED 107 00:04:31,632 --> 00:04:34,468 THEIR OUTCOMES AND THE PROGRAM 108 00:04:34,468 --> 00:04:36,137 OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED SEPTEMBER 109 00:04:36,137 --> 00:04:36,804 26. 110 00:04:36,804 --> 00:04:38,406 THE NLM PROGRAM WILL EMPOWER 111 00:04:38,406 --> 00:04:40,708 STAFF TO SUBMIT NOVEL IDEAS FOR 112 00:04:40,708 --> 00:04:42,443 ADDRESSING DIFFICULT PROBLEMS OR 113 00:04:42,443 --> 00:04:44,111 SEIZING NEW OPPORTUNITIES, ALLOW 114 00:04:44,111 --> 00:04:47,281 STAFF TO SHOWCASE THEIR 115 00:04:47,281 --> 00:04:48,516 SOLUTIONS ACROSS THE NLM AND 116 00:04:48,516 --> 00:04:52,386 ASSIST STAFF IN MAKING A MARK 117 00:04:52,386 --> 00:04:53,621 HOW IT CONTRIBUTE TO THE NLM'S 118 00:04:53,621 --> 00:04:53,888 MISSION. 119 00:04:53,888 --> 00:04:56,490 FOR THE PROGRAM, WE RECENTLY 120 00:04:56,490 --> 00:04:58,225 SELECTED OUR FIRST INNOVATION 121 00:04:58,225 --> 00:04:59,126 PROGRAM FACILITATOR COHORT. 122 00:04:59,126 --> 00:05:01,629 WE HAVE INITIALLY TARGETED 123 00:05:01,629 --> 00:05:03,130 HAVING TWO INNOVATION PROGRAM 124 00:05:03,130 --> 00:05:05,766 FACILITATORS AND GIVEN THE LEVEL 125 00:05:05,766 --> 00:05:07,635 OF INTEREST ACROSS NLM STAFF WE 126 00:05:07,635 --> 00:05:09,103 INCREASED IT TO SIX. 127 00:05:09,103 --> 00:05:12,440 AS OF OCTOBER 17, WE ALREADY 128 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:14,775 RECEIVED FIVE INNOVATION IDEA 129 00:05:14,775 --> 00:05:15,876 SUBMISSIONS AND HAVE NEARLY 20 130 00:05:15,876 --> 00:05:18,179 ADDITIONAL DRAFT SUBMISSIONS IN 131 00:05:18,179 --> 00:05:18,446 THE QUEUE. 132 00:05:18,446 --> 00:05:20,681 THESE ARE GOING THROUGH THE 133 00:05:20,681 --> 00:05:21,782 INITIAL EVALUATION PROFESSION 134 00:05:21,782 --> 00:05:24,018 AND WILL BE REVIEWED BY OUR 135 00:05:24,018 --> 00:05:25,152 INNOVATION PROGRAM BOARD SOON. 136 00:05:25,152 --> 00:05:28,823 THE PROGRAM REPRESENTS OUR 137 00:05:28,823 --> 00:05:34,128 COMMITMENT TO PRIORITIZING 138 00:05:34,128 --> 00:05:37,665 PURSUIT TO MEET THE DIRECTOR'S 139 00:05:37,665 --> 00:05:38,799 VISION AND NLM COMMUNITY. 140 00:05:38,799 --> 00:05:41,802 NOW AN UPDATE ON IS THE BUDGET. 141 00:05:41,802 --> 00:05:45,072 THE FISCAL '25 PRESIDENT'S 142 00:05:45,072 --> 00:05:49,377 BUDGET HAS A PROGRAM LEVEL OF 143 00:05:49,377 --> 00:05:54,415 $50.1 MILLION AND THE REQUEST IS 144 00:05:54,415 --> 00:05:57,385 $28.8 MILLION. 145 00:05:57,385 --> 00:05:59,286 ONGOING BUDGETS HAVE NOT BEEN 146 00:05:59,286 --> 00:06:01,956 COMPLETED AND WE'RE STILL 147 00:06:01,956 --> 00:06:03,090 OPERATING UNDER A CONTINUING 148 00:06:03,090 --> 00:06:04,825 RESOLUTION LASTING THROUGH 149 00:06:04,825 --> 00:06:05,826 DECEMBER 20. 150 00:06:05,826 --> 00:06:09,730 I'D LIKE TO PIVOT FOR EXCITING 151 00:06:09,730 --> 00:06:10,398 ACCOMPLISHMENTS FROM NLM'S 152 00:06:10,398 --> 00:06:11,332 DIVISIONS AND PROGRAMS. 153 00:06:11,332 --> 00:06:13,334 FIRST, I'M EXCITED TO SHARE AN 154 00:06:13,334 --> 00:06:18,739 UPDATE ABOUT THE MODERATE 155 00:06:18,739 --> 00:06:20,441 ELECTRONIC DATA FOR INDIVIDUALS 156 00:06:20,441 --> 00:06:22,977 KNOWN AS FEHRDI. 157 00:06:22,977 --> 00:06:27,181 WE ANNOUNCED THE LAUNCH OF THE 158 00:06:27,181 --> 00:06:30,251 DATA INCLUDING PERSONALLY 159 00:06:30,251 --> 00:06:30,851 IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION AND 160 00:06:30,851 --> 00:06:36,791 UNDER PIN INITIATIVES AND IT'S 161 00:06:36,791 --> 00:06:39,360 EXTENDED TO INCLUDE 11 DATA 162 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:40,828 SETS. 163 00:06:40,828 --> 00:06:43,464 I'M ALSO HAPPY TO SHARE AN 164 00:06:43,464 --> 00:06:45,032 UPDATE ON THE CCOI. 165 00:06:45,032 --> 00:06:49,203 IT'S AN EVOLVING PROJECT THAT 166 00:06:49,203 --> 00:06:51,439 SEEKING TO LOWER BARRIERS TO 167 00:06:51,439 --> 00:06:54,108 FINDING AND USING LARGE CLINICAL 168 00:06:54,108 --> 00:06:54,708 DATA SETS. 169 00:06:54,708 --> 00:06:56,610 LISTER HILL CENTER LAUNCHED IT 170 00:06:56,610 --> 00:06:58,179 IN MAY. 171 00:06:58,179 --> 00:06:59,713 THE WEBSITE SUPPORTS THE MISSION 172 00:06:59,713 --> 00:07:01,215 BY PROVIDING THE PUBLIC BY DATA 173 00:07:01,215 --> 00:07:04,585 SET PROFILES. 174 00:07:04,585 --> 00:07:06,387 PROFILES INCLUDE THE METADATA 175 00:07:06,387 --> 00:07:08,622 AND COMPRISED OF AN OVERVIEW 176 00:07:08,622 --> 00:07:10,091 BASIC STATISTIC AND CONCEPT 177 00:07:10,091 --> 00:07:12,326 COUNTS FOR EACH CLINICAL DATA 178 00:07:12,326 --> 00:07:12,493 SET. 179 00:07:12,493 --> 00:07:15,529 NLM HOSTS FOUR DATA SETS 180 00:07:15,529 --> 00:07:18,599 FEATURED ON THE WEBSITE. 181 00:07:18,599 --> 00:07:21,368 I'M ALSO PLEASED TO RECAP 182 00:07:21,368 --> 00:07:24,805 ADVANCEMENTS IN BIO INFORMATICS 183 00:07:24,805 --> 00:07:28,809 AND THE NLM MALARIA SCREENER 184 00:07:28,809 --> 00:07:30,511 PROJECT IS A COLLABORATION TO 185 00:07:30,511 --> 00:07:38,352 THE EFFICACY OF MALARIAL DRUGS 186 00:07:38,352 --> 00:07:39,253 WITH MACHINE LEARNING AND 187 00:07:39,253 --> 00:07:41,455 ENABLING LABS TO HAVE THE 188 00:07:41,455 --> 00:07:45,493 ENHANCED CAPABILITY TO ANALYZE 189 00:07:45,493 --> 00:07:47,094 CANDIDATES AROUND THERE'S 190 00:07:47,094 --> 00:07:48,129 COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN THE 191 00:07:48,129 --> 00:07:49,630 LISTER HILL CENTER AND THE 192 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:52,533 COLLECTION DIVISION KNOWN AS 193 00:07:52,533 --> 00:07:54,735 USCD ANDING OFF OF COMPUTER AND 194 00:07:54,735 --> 00:07:55,703 COMMUNETATION SYSTEMS. 195 00:07:55,703 --> 00:08:00,241 THIS COLLABORATION IS THE 196 00:08:00,241 --> 00:08:01,775 INTELLIGENT EDITING ASSISTANCE 197 00:08:01,775 --> 00:08:04,111 HELPING EDITORS FIND MATCHES 198 00:08:04,111 --> 00:08:06,380 AMONG 3 MILLION CONCEPTS FOR THE 199 00:08:06,380 --> 00:08:08,315 NEARLY 100,000 NEW TERMS ADDED 200 00:08:08,315 --> 00:08:08,983 EVERY SIX MONTHS. 201 00:08:08,983 --> 00:08:11,418 AND THIS IS DONE BY APPLYING 202 00:08:11,418 --> 00:08:14,522 DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES TO 203 00:08:14,522 --> 00:08:16,824 SUPPORT QUICK INDEXING CURATION 204 00:08:16,824 --> 00:08:19,393 AND CONCEPT MATCHING. 205 00:08:19,393 --> 00:08:22,263 I'M ALSO PLEASED TO SHARE PUB 206 00:08:22,263 --> 00:08:24,165 MED CENTRAL REACHED THE 01 207 00:08:24,165 --> 00:08:26,467 MILLION ARTICLE MILESTONE WITH 7 208 00:08:26,467 --> 00:08:28,068 MILLION ARTICLES ADDED SINCE 209 00:08:28,068 --> 00:08:31,005 2014 AND 6 MILLION OPEN ACCESS 210 00:08:31,005 --> 00:08:32,306 ARTICLES NOW AVAILABLE FOR 211 00:08:32,306 --> 00:08:34,708 MACHINE LEARNING AND OTHER REUSE 212 00:08:34,708 --> 00:08:36,810 UNDER THE LICENSE TERMS OF 213 00:08:36,810 --> 00:08:38,679 PARTICULAR ARTICLES. 214 00:08:38,679 --> 00:08:43,684 PMC BEGAN UPDATING THE 215 00:08:43,684 --> 00:08:48,189 TECHNOLOGY FOR USABILITY AND 216 00:08:48,189 --> 00:08:49,723 SUSTAINABILITY AND THE FEATURES 217 00:08:49,723 --> 00:08:52,193 HAVE BEEN AVAILABLE FOR PREVIEW 218 00:08:52,193 --> 00:08:54,828 SINCE MARCH FOR TESTING AND 219 00:08:54,828 --> 00:08:56,797 FEEDBACK AND THEY TRANSITIONED 220 00:08:56,797 --> 00:08:58,332 TO RUN ON CLOUD SERVICES. 221 00:08:58,332 --> 00:08:59,500 THE NEW SITE UPDATES ALSO 222 00:08:59,500 --> 00:09:01,235 INCLUDE AN UPDATED LOOK AND FEEL 223 00:09:01,235 --> 00:09:02,636 FOR ARTICLES THAT ARE FOCUSSED 224 00:09:02,636 --> 00:09:05,172 ON IMPROVING ACCESSIBILITY AND 225 00:09:05,172 --> 00:09:07,641 READABILITY OF THE CONTENT, 226 00:09:07,641 --> 00:09:09,610 IMPROVED ARTICLE NAVIGATION AND 227 00:09:09,610 --> 00:09:11,278 ADDING A NEW JOURNAL LIST 228 00:09:11,278 --> 00:09:11,512 DISPLAY. 229 00:09:11,512 --> 00:09:13,714 THE TEAM INCORPORATED 230 00:09:13,714 --> 00:09:15,416 ACCESSIBILITY INTO THE 231 00:09:15,416 --> 00:09:16,917 DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING FEATURE 232 00:09:16,917 --> 00:09:17,785 PRIORITIZATION AND TESTING. 233 00:09:17,785 --> 00:09:21,555 AND THE UPDATED DESIGN USES 234 00:09:21,555 --> 00:09:22,756 U.S. WEB DESIGN SYSTEM 235 00:09:22,756 --> 00:09:23,757 COMPONENTS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES 236 00:09:23,757 --> 00:09:25,726 TO HELP IMPROVE THE READABILITY 237 00:09:25,726 --> 00:09:26,961 AND ACCESSIBILITY OF ARTICLE 238 00:09:26,961 --> 00:09:28,596 PAGES AS SHOWN ON THE LEFT. 239 00:09:28,596 --> 00:09:30,698 THE PMC TEAM WILL CONTINUE TO 240 00:09:30,698 --> 00:09:32,866 WORKING TOWARDS AN ACCESSIBLE 241 00:09:32,866 --> 00:09:34,902 AND CONSISTENT USER EXPERIENCE 242 00:09:34,902 --> 00:09:36,437 REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE USER 243 00:09:36,437 --> 00:09:39,073 IS VISITING PMC ON A DESK TOP, 244 00:09:39,073 --> 00:09:41,842 MOBILE DEVICE OR INCREASINGLY 245 00:09:41,842 --> 00:09:42,776 ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY. 246 00:09:42,776 --> 00:09:46,880 ACHIEVING OUR OPEN SCIENCE 247 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:48,816 ASPIRATIONS REQUIRES ADVANCING 248 00:09:48,816 --> 00:09:51,952 DIGITAL ACCESSIBILITY ACROSS 249 00:09:51,952 --> 00:09:55,856 RESOURCES AS WE'VE DONE AT PBNC. 250 00:09:55,856 --> 00:10:01,161 NOW THE COMPARATIVE GENOMIC 251 00:10:01,161 --> 00:10:02,463 RESOURCE. 252 00:10:02,463 --> 00:10:04,798 IT HAS ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR THE 253 00:10:04,798 --> 00:10:10,904 STUDY OF EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS 254 00:10:10,904 --> 00:10:14,942 WITH DATABASES AND THE NCBI DATA 255 00:10:14,942 --> 00:10:16,810 SPENTS BLAST, WHICH IS NLM'S 256 00:10:16,810 --> 00:10:17,711 PLAYINGSHIP RESOURCE FOR 257 00:10:17,711 --> 00:10:21,148 SEQUENCED SEARCHS CHANGES THE 258 00:10:21,148 --> 00:10:22,249 NUCLEOTIDE DATABASE TO AN 259 00:10:22,249 --> 00:10:24,818 EFFICIENT COLLECTION OF 260 00:10:24,818 --> 00:10:27,721 SEQUENCES THAN THE PREVIOUS NR. 261 00:10:27,721 --> 00:10:32,259 NCBI DATA SETS NOW PUBLISHED IN 262 00:10:32,259 --> 00:10:34,295 SCIENTIFIC AND NATURE AND 263 00:10:34,295 --> 00:10:36,130 SCIENTIFIC DATA MODERNIZE HOW 264 00:10:36,130 --> 00:10:41,302 GENOME TAX ONOMY IS DOWNLOADED 265 00:10:41,302 --> 00:10:43,304 FROM THE WEB. 266 00:10:43,304 --> 00:10:45,472 NCBI DATA SETS REPLACES THE 267 00:10:45,472 --> 00:10:47,174 LEGACY GENOME AND ASSEMBLY 268 00:10:47,174 --> 00:10:47,741 RESOURCES. 269 00:10:47,741 --> 00:10:51,378 THESE WERE RETIRED ON JULY 15 270 00:10:51,378 --> 00:10:52,579 AND DATA SETS PROVIDE A SINGLE 271 00:10:52,579 --> 00:10:56,116 ENTRY POINT TO GENE-RELATED DATA 272 00:10:56,116 --> 00:10:56,350 NCBI. 273 00:10:56,350 --> 00:11:05,859 HOWEVER, THERE NOT CHANGE TO HOW 274 00:11:05,859 --> 00:11:09,463 USERS PROGRAMMATICALLY ACCESS 275 00:11:09,463 --> 00:11:11,965 AND WE MODERNIZED OUR APPROACH 276 00:11:11,965 --> 00:11:22,509 TO CONTINUE TO BE AN EXEMPLAR OF 277 00:11:25,279 --> 00:11:26,413 A DATA CENTER REPRESENTING 23 278 00:11:26,413 --> 00:11:26,647 SYSTEMS. 279 00:11:26,647 --> 00:11:29,550 THE SYSTEM REALIGNMENT RESULTED 280 00:11:29,550 --> 00:11:30,851 IN AUTHORIZATION BOUNDARIES. 281 00:11:30,851 --> 00:11:32,553 EACH DIVISION WITHIN NLM IS 282 00:11:32,553 --> 00:11:34,421 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TECHNICAL, 283 00:11:34,421 --> 00:11:35,789 OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT 284 00:11:35,789 --> 00:11:38,125 CONTROLS THAT ARE NECESSARY TO 285 00:11:38,125 --> 00:11:39,326 SAFEGUARD THEIR INFORMATION AND 286 00:11:39,326 --> 00:11:40,794 SYSTEM AND SUPPORTING THEIR 287 00:11:40,794 --> 00:11:42,529 SERVICES AND BUSINESS 288 00:11:42,529 --> 00:11:43,397 OPERATIONS. 289 00:11:43,397 --> 00:11:45,866 THESE THREE NEW REPORTED SYSTEMS 290 00:11:45,866 --> 00:11:48,402 ALIGN MORE CLOSELY WITH OUR 291 00:11:48,402 --> 00:11:49,770 DIVISION'S SPECIFIC 292 00:11:49,770 --> 00:11:51,805 AUTHORIZATION BOUNDARIES. 293 00:11:51,805 --> 00:11:52,906 THIS BETTER MEETS THE SECURITY 294 00:11:52,906 --> 00:11:59,813 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS. 295 00:11:59,813 --> 00:12:04,284 IN JANUARY WE LAUNCHED THE DATA 296 00:12:04,284 --> 00:12:04,985 SET CATALOG. 297 00:12:04,985 --> 00:12:07,988 IT'S A DISCOVERY TOOL CALLED THE 298 00:12:07,988 --> 00:12:11,392 DATA SET METADATA MODEL OR DATMM 299 00:12:11,392 --> 00:12:14,661 TO PROVIDE A COMMON DATA MODEL 300 00:12:14,661 --> 00:12:16,697 FOR DESCRIBING DATA SETS IN 301 00:12:16,697 --> 00:12:17,264 REPOSITORIES. 302 00:12:17,264 --> 00:12:19,466 IT WILL BE AN ESSENTIAL 303 00:12:19,466 --> 00:12:21,468 FRAMEWORK FOR DOING DISTRIBUTED 304 00:12:21,468 --> 00:12:23,303 OR DATA SYSTEM CATALOGING 305 00:12:23,303 --> 00:12:24,471 RESEARCH SETS ACROSS THE 306 00:12:24,471 --> 00:12:26,707 INTERNET AND BETWEEN NLM AND OUR 307 00:12:26,707 --> 00:12:28,642 COLLABORATING REPOSITORIES. 308 00:12:28,642 --> 00:12:30,477 WE CURRENTLY HAVE SEVEN 309 00:12:30,477 --> 00:12:32,579 REPOSITORIES IN THE DATA SET 310 00:12:32,579 --> 00:12:35,215 CATALOG INCLUDING DB GAP, 311 00:12:35,215 --> 00:12:40,354 IMPORT, DRIAD. 312 00:12:40,354 --> 00:12:44,792 IN 2025 THE CATALOG TO ADD MORE 313 00:12:44,792 --> 00:12:47,928 AND IMPLEMENT ENHANCEMENTS AND 314 00:12:47,928 --> 00:12:50,764 UPGRADE THE ENVIRONMENT AND 315 00:12:50,764 --> 00:12:52,299 REDUCE LOADING TIME AND 316 00:12:52,299 --> 00:12:54,701 FRAMEWORK FOR EXPANSION. 317 00:12:54,701 --> 00:12:56,970 NOW NEWS FROM THE NLM DIGITAL 318 00:12:56,970 --> 00:12:57,371 COLLECTION. 319 00:12:57,371 --> 00:13:00,507 FIVE NEW DIGITIZED ARCHIVAL 320 00:13:00,507 --> 00:13:02,843 COLLECTIONS ARE LISTED HERE AND 321 00:13:02,843 --> 00:13:06,180 AVAILABLE AND TWO DIGITIZED IN 322 00:13:06,180 --> 00:13:07,781 COLLABORATION WITH ADAM MATTHEW 323 00:13:07,781 --> 00:13:09,249 PUBLISHING AND TWO CIVIL WAR 324 00:13:09,249 --> 00:13:13,787 COLLECTIONS AND OVER 26,000 325 00:13:13,787 --> 00:13:18,959 PAGES FROM THE BACTERIOLOGIST 326 00:13:18,959 --> 00:13:20,527 WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE 1964 327 00:13:20,527 --> 00:13:24,465 SURGEON GENERAL'S REPORT ON 328 00:13:24,465 --> 00:13:25,098 SMOKING AND HEALTH. 329 00:13:25,098 --> 00:13:28,569 NLM IS MAKING THEM AVAILABLE IN 330 00:13:28,569 --> 00:13:30,471 A DIGITAL FORM TO ALL 331 00:13:30,471 --> 00:13:30,771 DISCIPLINE. 332 00:13:30,771 --> 00:13:35,175 AND I'M EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE 333 00:13:35,175 --> 00:13:36,810 NLM'S ENVIRONMENT EXHIBITION 334 00:13:36,810 --> 00:13:40,347 THIS LEAD IS KILLING US, A 335 00:13:40,347 --> 00:13:45,219 HISTORY OF CITIZENS FIGHTING 336 00:13:45,219 --> 00:13:47,788 LEAD POISONING RECEIVED AN 337 00:13:47,788 --> 00:13:52,025 AAWARD FROM HIAA AND EXHIBITS 338 00:13:52,025 --> 00:13:54,228 PAST ERTS TO PREVENT LEAD 339 00:13:54,228 --> 00:13:55,496 EXPOSURE AND FROM DUMPING AND 340 00:13:55,496 --> 00:13:56,230 LED PIPES. 341 00:13:56,230 --> 00:14:06,773 THROUGH THE AWEIRD -- AWARD IT 342 00:14:07,274 --> 00:14:09,309 SEEKS OTHER VIRTUAL EXHIBITS AND 343 00:14:09,309 --> 00:14:17,050 IT WORKED WITH THE OFFICE KNOWN 344 00:14:17,050 --> 00:14:19,520 OR ORWH FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH 345 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:19,887 RESEARCH. 346 00:14:19,887 --> 00:14:21,922 THE NEW PRODUCT IS CALLED 347 00:14:21,922 --> 00:14:25,459 DISCOVERY WHR AND PUBLICALLY 348 00:14:25,459 --> 00:14:27,094 LAUNCHED IN SEPTEMBER. 349 00:14:27,094 --> 00:14:30,631 IT FACILITATE THE DISCOVERY OF 350 00:14:30,631 --> 00:14:32,666 RESEARCH ON LITERATURE ON HEALTH 351 00:14:32,666 --> 00:14:35,335 ISSUES PRIMARILY AFFECTING WOMEN 352 00:14:35,335 --> 00:14:38,906 SUCH AS MENOPAUSE AND POLY 353 00:14:38,906 --> 00:14:45,112 CYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND AUTO 354 00:14:45,112 --> 00:14:46,446 IMMUNE DISORDERS AND RESEARCHERS 355 00:14:46,446 --> 00:14:48,549 AND THE PUBLIC ARE ABLE TO 356 00:14:48,549 --> 00:14:50,717 EASILY DISCOVER THE LATEST 357 00:14:50,717 --> 00:14:52,786 FINDINGS AND ONGOING RESEARCH 358 00:14:52,786 --> 00:14:54,354 ACTIVITIES INCLUDING NIH 359 00:14:54,354 --> 00:14:55,556 FUNDING, LITERATURE AND 360 00:14:55,556 --> 00:14:56,790 INFORMATION ON RELEVANT TOPICS 361 00:14:56,790 --> 00:15:00,394 THAT AFFECT WOMEN'S HEALTH. 362 00:15:00,394 --> 00:15:02,930 INITIALLY, THE MVP FEATURES A 363 00:15:02,930 --> 00:15:05,098 FEW SELECT TOPICS WITH MORE TO 364 00:15:05,098 --> 00:15:06,433 COME IN THE MONTHS AND YEARS. 365 00:15:06,433 --> 00:15:07,601 I'D LIKE TO THANK YOU FOR YOUR 366 00:15:07,601 --> 00:15:09,469 TIME TODAY AND NOW I'LL HAND THE 367 00:15:09,469 --> 00:15:12,839 DISCUSSION BACK TO RICHARD 368 00:15:12,839 --> 00:15:13,140 SCHEUERMANN. 369 00:15:13,140 --> 00:15:16,610 THANK YOU. 370 00:15:16,610 --> 00:15:26,920 >> THANKS, STEVE. 371 00:15:36,029 --> 00:15:36,697 ALL RIGHT. 372 00:15:36,697 --> 00:15:37,998 WELL, LET ME START BY THANKING 373 00:15:37,998 --> 00:15:40,801 THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF 374 00:15:40,801 --> 00:15:41,868 SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS. 375 00:15:41,868 --> 00:15:43,737 I KNOW IT TAKES A FAIR AMOUNT OF 376 00:15:43,737 --> 00:15:46,907 TIME AND EFFORT TO REVIEW OUR 377 00:15:46,907 --> 00:15:49,242 RESEARCH BUT I CAN TELL YOU THAT 378 00:15:49,242 --> 00:15:52,579 WE ALL REALLY APPRECIATE THE 379 00:15:52,579 --> 00:15:54,047 FEEDBACK AND RECOMMENDATIONS WE 380 00:15:54,047 --> 00:15:55,248 GET THROUGH THIS PROCESS 381 00:15:55,248 --> 00:15:56,316 INCLUDING ALL OF OUR 382 00:15:56,316 --> 00:15:58,819 INVESTIGATORS AND SO I REALLY 383 00:15:58,819 --> 00:15:59,953 WANT TO EXPRESS MY APPRECIATION 384 00:15:59,953 --> 00:16:01,788 FOR THE WORK THAT YOU DO FOR THE 385 00:16:01,788 --> 00:16:12,332 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. 386 00:16:12,332 --> 00:16:15,235 SO, JUST TO REMIND PEOPLE THAT 387 00:16:15,235 --> 00:16:21,074 IN APRIL, YOU ALL REVIEWED TWO 388 00:16:21,074 --> 00:16:31,518 OF OUR INVESTIGATORS DINA 389 00:16:38,959 --> 00:16:43,130 DEMNER-FUSHMAN AND DR. LU AND 390 00:16:43,130 --> 00:16:44,498 PROMOTE TO INVESTIGATOR FOR 391 00:16:44,498 --> 00:16:45,265 TENURE. 392 00:16:45,265 --> 00:16:45,899 WE'RE IN THE PRFLGS OF PULLING 393 00:16:45,899 --> 00:16:49,102 THAT TOGETHER AND PREPARING TO 394 00:16:49,102 --> 00:16:51,571 SUBMIT THAT TO THE NIH TENURE 395 00:16:51,571 --> 00:16:53,674 COMMITTEE HOPEFULLY BY THE END 396 00:16:53,674 --> 00:16:54,241 OF THIS CALENDAR YEAR. 397 00:16:54,241 --> 00:16:55,275 SO THANK YOU FOR THE 398 00:16:55,275 --> 00:16:55,976 RECOMMENDATIONS. 399 00:16:55,976 --> 00:16:57,878 TODAY, YOU'LL BE REVIEWING TWO 400 00:16:57,878 --> 00:17:05,786 OF OUR SENIOR INVESTIGATORS, 401 00:17:05,786 --> 00:17:10,490 TERESA PRZKTYCK AND EUGENE 402 00:17:10,490 --> 00:17:14,494 KOONIN AND HAVE THE MEETINGS SET 403 00:17:14,494 --> 00:17:16,797 FOR MAY AROUND OCTOBER OF 2025 404 00:17:16,797 --> 00:17:18,398 AND LIST THE INVESTIGATORS UP 405 00:17:18,398 --> 00:17:19,800 FOR REVIEW AT THOSE UPCOMING 406 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:25,505 MEETINGS. 407 00:17:25,505 --> 00:17:28,108 STEVE ALREADY KIND OF NICELY 408 00:17:28,108 --> 00:17:29,042 SUMMARIZED THIS RECENT 409 00:17:29,042 --> 00:17:30,444 RE-ORGANIZATION WE COMPLETED. 410 00:17:30,444 --> 00:17:38,518 WE WERE PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS THE 411 00:17:38,518 --> 00:17:39,720 INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM WITH 412 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:42,622 WHO HOUSES HOUSED IN TWO 413 00:17:42,622 --> 00:17:44,791 DIVISIONS WIN NLM. 414 00:17:44,791 --> 00:17:47,194 AS A RESULT OF A BLUE RIBBON 415 00:17:47,194 --> 00:17:49,796 PANEL RECOMMENDATION FROM 2018, 416 00:17:49,796 --> 00:17:52,666 THE PANEL RECOMMENDED WE BRING 417 00:17:52,666 --> 00:17:54,534 THE TWO RESEARCH BRANCHS 418 00:17:54,534 --> 00:17:55,802 TOGETHER UNDER A SINGLE 419 00:17:55,802 --> 00:17:56,369 UMBRELLA. 420 00:17:56,369 --> 00:17:58,672 AND I'M HAPPY TO ANNOUNCE THAT 421 00:17:58,672 --> 00:18:01,208 THAT PROCESS HAS BEEN COMPLETED. 422 00:18:01,208 --> 00:18:03,844 WE'RE NOW KNOWN AS THE DIVISION 423 00:18:03,844 --> 00:18:04,711 OF INTRAMURAL RESEARCH AT THE 424 00:18:04,711 --> 00:18:07,814 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. 425 00:18:07,814 --> 00:18:11,985 AND WE HAVE RECEIVED OFFICIAL 426 00:18:11,985 --> 00:18:13,153 APPROVAL FROM NIH IN SEPTEMBER 427 00:18:13,153 --> 00:18:13,720 OF THIS YEAR. 428 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:15,188 ON THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE YOU CAN 429 00:18:15,188 --> 00:18:17,557 SEE THE NEW ORGANIZATIONAL 430 00:18:17,557 --> 00:18:19,426 STRUCTURE WHERE OUR DIVISION IS 431 00:18:19,426 --> 00:18:23,163 WIN OF THE FIVE MAIN DIVISIONS 432 00:18:23,163 --> 00:18:24,798 WITHIN NLM AND INCLUDES AN 433 00:18:24,798 --> 00:18:27,934 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR AND THEN 434 00:18:27,934 --> 00:18:30,604 THESE TWO RESEARCH BRANCHES, THE 435 00:18:30,604 --> 00:18:31,805 COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH 436 00:18:31,805 --> 00:18:33,507 BRANCH AND THE COMPUTATIONAL 437 00:18:33,507 --> 00:18:34,674 BIOLOGY BRANCH. 438 00:18:34,674 --> 00:18:35,242 SO THAT PROCESS HAS BEEN 439 00:18:35,242 --> 00:18:38,912 COMPLETED. 440 00:18:38,912 --> 00:18:41,615 JUST TO GIVE YOU A BRIEF SUMMARY 441 00:18:41,615 --> 00:18:44,818 OF THE OVER ALL RESEARCH 442 00:18:44,818 --> 00:18:45,852 PRODUCTIVITY OF OUR DIVISION. 443 00:18:45,852 --> 00:18:50,457 WE COMPLIED A LIST OF THE 444 00:18:50,457 --> 00:18:54,761 PUBLICATIONS THAT WE'VE 445 00:18:54,761 --> 00:18:55,629 PUBLISHED IN THE LAST MONTHS 446 00:18:55,629 --> 00:18:57,898 INCLUDING PRIMARY PAPERS AND 447 00:18:57,898 --> 00:19:00,100 REVIEW ARTICLES AND PEER REVIEW 448 00:19:00,100 --> 00:19:02,803 JOURNALS AND PRE-PRINT SERVERS. 449 00:19:02,803 --> 00:19:04,771 THERE'S 189 OF PAPERS THAT OUR 450 00:19:04,771 --> 00:19:07,140 INVESTIGATORS HAVE PUBLISHED IN 451 00:19:07,140 --> 00:19:10,744 THE LAST 12 MONTHS AND I JUST 452 00:19:10,744 --> 00:19:12,546 PUT TOGETHER A LIST OF SOME OF 453 00:19:12,546 --> 00:19:14,281 THE JOURNALS THAT THE PAPERS 454 00:19:14,281 --> 00:19:16,449 WERE PUBLISHED IN AND YOU CAN 455 00:19:16,449 --> 00:19:19,686 SEE THAT OUR INVESTIGATORS ARE 456 00:19:19,686 --> 00:19:22,022 PUBLISHING IN TOP TIER JOURNALS 457 00:19:22,022 --> 00:19:27,861 BOTH GENERAL JOURNALS LIKE PANS 458 00:19:27,861 --> 00:19:29,296 AND NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AND 459 00:19:29,296 --> 00:19:37,904 MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATIC RELATE 460 00:19:37,904 --> 00:19:41,775 JOURNALS AND BIO INFORMATICS AND 461 00:19:41,775 --> 00:19:45,812 JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 462 00:19:45,812 --> 00:19:52,419 AND PLOS AT CONTINUE TO BE 463 00:19:52,419 --> 00:19:52,719 PRODUCTIVE. 464 00:19:52,719 --> 00:19:53,887 WE RECEIVED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 465 00:19:53,887 --> 00:19:55,488 THROUGH AWARDS AND HONORS AND 466 00:19:55,488 --> 00:19:57,824 THE TWO INVESTIGATORS YOU'LL BE 467 00:19:57,824 --> 00:20:00,794 REVIEWING TODAY WERE RECENTLY 468 00:20:00,794 --> 00:20:05,332 AWARDED THESE OR RECEIVED THE 469 00:20:05,332 --> 00:20:06,433 AWARDS. 470 00:20:06,433 --> 00:20:08,535 EUGENE KOONIN WAS SELECTED AS A 471 00:20:08,535 --> 00:20:11,504 FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF 472 00:20:11,504 --> 00:20:13,807 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY EARLIER 473 00:20:13,807 --> 00:20:16,810 AND TERESA RECEIVE THE FRANKLIN 474 00:20:16,810 --> 00:20:18,311 SPECIAL AWARD IN SCIENCE FOR ONE 475 00:20:18,311 --> 00:20:20,580 OF HER RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN 476 00:20:20,580 --> 00:20:22,015 THE JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL 477 00:20:22,015 --> 00:20:22,249 BIOLOGY. 478 00:20:22,249 --> 00:20:26,386 SO IT'S NICE TO HAVE THE 479 00:20:26,386 --> 00:20:27,053 EXTERNAL RECOGNITION OF THE WORK 480 00:20:27,053 --> 00:20:29,723 OUR INVESTIGATORS ARE DOING. 481 00:20:29,723 --> 00:20:34,060 WE ARE IN THE PROCESS OF 482 00:20:34,060 --> 00:20:37,764 EXPANDING OUR GROUP OF ADVOC 483 00:20:37,764 --> 00:20:41,701 ADVOCAADVOCATE 484 00:20:41,701 --> 00:20:43,803 INVESTIGATORS AND COMPLETED A 485 00:20:43,803 --> 00:20:47,607 RECRUITMENT OF A NEW 486 00:20:47,607 --> 00:20:48,241 INVESTIGATORS IN EXPANDING OUR 487 00:20:48,241 --> 00:20:51,745 POOL OF INVESTIGATORS WE'RE 488 00:20:51,745 --> 00:20:56,082 TAKING A TWO PRONG STRATEGY AND 489 00:20:56,082 --> 00:21:00,787 IDENTIFIED KEY RESEARCH AREAS WE 490 00:21:00,787 --> 00:21:04,224 WANT TO EXPAND INTO IN OUR 491 00:21:04,224 --> 00:21:04,791 DIVISION. 492 00:21:04,791 --> 00:21:10,730 AND WE'RE ALSO TAKING AN 493 00:21:10,730 --> 00:21:11,398 OPPORTUNISTIC PERSPECTIVE WHERE 494 00:21:11,398 --> 00:21:14,501 WE LOOK AT SEMIFINAL EFFORTS 495 00:21:14,501 --> 00:21:17,337 THROUGH THE STADTMAN PROGRAM TO 496 00:21:17,337 --> 00:21:18,138 IDENTIFY INVESTIGATORS COMING 497 00:21:18,138 --> 00:21:20,807 THROUGH THE PROGRAM WHO MAY BE A 498 00:21:20,807 --> 00:21:23,543 GOOD FIT FOR THE NLM DIVISION OF 499 00:21:23,543 --> 00:21:23,877 RESEARCH. 500 00:21:23,877 --> 00:21:26,212 IN TERMS OF THE STRATEGIC 501 00:21:26,212 --> 00:21:28,715 APPROACH, WE IDENTIFIED THAT WE 502 00:21:28,715 --> 00:21:30,984 WANTED TO BRING IN SPECIALIZED 503 00:21:30,984 --> 00:21:33,019 EXPERTISE IN THE APPLICATION AND 504 00:21:33,019 --> 00:21:35,422 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL, 505 00:21:35,422 --> 00:21:38,725 STATISTICAL AND A.I. METHODS 506 00:21:38,725 --> 00:21:42,095 FOCUSSED ON SINGLE CELL 507 00:21:42,095 --> 00:21:45,665 PHENOTYPING AND SPATIAL 508 00:21:45,665 --> 00:21:48,435 TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND SINGLE CELL 509 00:21:48,435 --> 00:21:56,810 EPIGONE EM -- EPIGENOMICS AND 510 00:21:56,810 --> 00:22:00,613 FOUR APPLICANTS WERE SELECTED AS 511 00:22:00,613 --> 00:22:02,615 FINALISTS AND WE HAD IN-PERSON 512 00:22:02,615 --> 00:22:04,684 INTERVIEWS FOR ALL FOUR 513 00:22:04,684 --> 00:22:05,785 FINALISTS COMPLETED IN SEPTEMBER 514 00:22:05,785 --> 00:22:07,988 AND AS A RESULT OF THAT, THOSE 515 00:22:07,988 --> 00:22:10,090 INTERVIEWS WE MADE AN OFFER TO 516 00:22:10,090 --> 00:22:15,962 ONE OF THOSE INDIVIDUALS, 517 00:22:15,962 --> 00:22:16,596 DR. YUN ZANG AND SHE'S AGREED TO 518 00:22:16,596 --> 00:22:19,799 JOIN US IN THE BEGINNING OF 519 00:22:19,799 --> 00:22:20,066 DECEMBER. 520 00:22:20,066 --> 00:22:22,869 SO WE'RE VERY EXCITED ABOUT THIS 521 00:22:22,869 --> 00:22:27,007 NEW ADDITION TO OUR TENURE TRACK 522 00:22:27,007 --> 00:22:28,808 INVESTIGATOR GROUP AND WE'LL 523 00:22:28,808 --> 00:22:31,711 HAVE A CHANCE TO MEET HER IN ONE 524 00:22:31,711 --> 00:22:32,812 OF THE BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC 525 00:22:32,812 --> 00:22:39,486 COUNSELOR MEETINGS. 526 00:22:39,486 --> 00:22:42,122 ON DECK WE HAVE THE 527 00:22:42,122 --> 00:22:43,256 COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH BRANCH 528 00:22:43,256 --> 00:22:46,760 AND THE COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 529 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:47,427 BRANCH. 530 00:22:47,427 --> 00:22:51,331 DAVID LANDSMAN HAS BEEN THE CBB 531 00:22:51,331 --> 00:22:53,666 BRANCH CHIEF AND SERVING AS THE 532 00:22:53,666 --> 00:22:56,469 ACTING BRANCH CHIEF FOR CHRB SO 533 00:22:56,469 --> 00:22:58,538 WE'RE KEEN ON FINDING AND 534 00:22:58,538 --> 00:22:59,839 RECRUITING A NEW BRANCH CHIEF 535 00:22:59,839 --> 00:23:04,144 FOR CHRB SO THAT PROCESS WE'RE 536 00:23:04,144 --> 00:23:05,812 IN THE MIDDLE OF PULLING THOSE 537 00:23:05,812 --> 00:23:08,948 MATERIALS TOGETHER, PUTTING 538 00:23:08,948 --> 00:23:12,185 TOGETHER A POSITION DESCRIPTION 539 00:23:12,185 --> 00:23:13,486 AND WE ARE IN THE PROCESS OF 540 00:23:13,486 --> 00:23:14,320 SUBMITTING THAT INFORMATION TO 541 00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:16,790 NIH FOR APPROVAL TO RECRUIT A 542 00:23:16,790 --> 00:23:17,791 NEW BRANCH CHIEF. 543 00:23:17,791 --> 00:23:19,793 SO WE WILL KEEP YOU POSTED ON 544 00:23:19,793 --> 00:23:22,062 THE PROGRESS THAT WE'RE MAKING 545 00:23:22,062 --> 00:23:24,798 THERE BUT I THINK ONCE WE HAVE 546 00:23:24,798 --> 00:23:27,067 APPROVAL AND HAVE THE 547 00:23:27,067 --> 00:23:27,867 INFORMATION AVAILABLE WE ARE 548 00:23:27,867 --> 00:23:28,968 PLANNING ON SHARING THAT WITH 549 00:23:28,968 --> 00:23:31,471 THE BOARD IN CASE YOU KNOW OF 550 00:23:31,471 --> 00:23:33,673 ANY STRONG CANDIDATES THAT MIGHT 551 00:23:33,673 --> 00:23:36,810 BE APPROPRIATE FOR THAT 552 00:23:36,810 --> 00:23:37,744 PARTICULAR POSITION. 553 00:23:37,744 --> 00:23:40,914 AND FINALLY I WANTED TO TELL YOU 554 00:23:40,914 --> 00:23:43,817 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE WORK THAT 555 00:23:43,817 --> 00:23:47,053 WE'VE BEEN DOING TO ASSEMBLE A 556 00:23:47,053 --> 00:23:49,823 ROAD MAP FOR THE FUTURE 557 00:23:49,823 --> 00:23:51,257 DIRECTION OF THE DIVISION OF 558 00:23:51,257 --> 00:23:52,492 INTRAMURAL RESEARCH. 559 00:23:52,492 --> 00:23:54,127 PREVIOUSLY, WE'VE DESCRIBED THIS 560 00:23:54,127 --> 00:23:57,130 AS A STRATEGIC PLAN. 561 00:23:57,130 --> 00:24:00,800 WE DECIDED TO CHANGE THE LABEL 562 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:02,068 FOR VARIOUS REASONS BECAUSE 563 00:24:02,068 --> 00:24:04,104 STRATEGIC PLANS AT NIH ARE 564 00:24:04,104 --> 00:24:05,538 TYPICALLY DONE AT THE IC LEVEL 565 00:24:05,538 --> 00:24:07,874 AND NOT AT THE DIVISION LEVEL. 566 00:24:07,874 --> 00:24:11,044 AND SO TO AVOID ANY KIND OF 567 00:24:11,044 --> 00:24:12,846 CONFUSION WE JUST BASICALLY 568 00:24:12,846 --> 00:24:15,181 CHANGED THE NAME TO ROAD MAP 569 00:24:15,181 --> 00:24:16,116 RATHER THAN STRATEGIC PLAN. 570 00:24:16,116 --> 00:24:21,221 THE OVER ALL GOALS I THINK ARE 571 00:24:21,221 --> 00:24:24,791 THE SAME TO PROVIDE A ROAD MAP 572 00:24:24,791 --> 00:24:28,228 FOR THE FUTURE DIVISION. 573 00:24:28,228 --> 00:24:29,929 WE PUT TOGETHER A PLANNING 574 00:24:29,929 --> 00:24:31,831 COMMITTEE END OF 2023 INCLUDING 575 00:24:31,831 --> 00:24:36,803 A MIXTURE OF SENIOR AND JUNIOR 576 00:24:36,803 --> 00:24:38,972 FACULTY MEMBERS AND MALE AND 577 00:24:38,972 --> 00:24:40,640 FEMALE FROM THE RESEARCH BRANCHS 578 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:42,842 AND BEGAN THE PROCESS OF 579 00:24:42,842 --> 00:24:43,843 DEBATING ABOUT THE DIFFERENT 580 00:24:43,843 --> 00:24:45,044 COMPONENTS WE WOULD WANT TO 581 00:24:45,044 --> 00:24:48,047 INCLUDE IN THE STRATEGIC PLAN OR 582 00:24:48,047 --> 00:24:51,551 IN A ROAD MAP AND START WORKING 583 00:24:51,551 --> 00:24:52,118 ON THAT PROCESS. 584 00:24:52,118 --> 00:24:54,220 IN THE SUMMER WE HOSTED A TWO 585 00:24:54,220 --> 00:24:58,925 HAD OF DAY ON SITE RETREAT THAT 586 00:24:58,925 --> 00:25:00,360 INCLUDED NOT ONLY OUR 587 00:25:00,360 --> 00:25:02,262 INVESTIGATORS AND SELECT STAFF 588 00:25:02,262 --> 00:25:06,933 MEMBERS AND POSTDOCTORAL 589 00:25:06,933 --> 00:25:08,401 TRAINEES, OUT ALSO KEY MEMBERS 590 00:25:08,401 --> 00:25:09,435 OF THE NLM LEADERSHIP. 591 00:25:09,435 --> 00:25:12,338 WE ALSO INVITED THE BOARD OF 592 00:25:12,338 --> 00:25:12,939 SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS AND 593 00:25:12,939 --> 00:25:16,809 SEVERAL OF YOU ALSO ATTENDED A 594 00:25:16,809 --> 00:25:19,746 DEDICATED SESSION FOR THE BOARD 595 00:25:19,746 --> 00:25:22,081 TO PROVIDE YOUR PERSPECTIVE ON 596 00:25:22,081 --> 00:25:23,483 STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR US. 597 00:25:23,483 --> 00:25:28,087 THROUGH THAT PROFESSION WE 598 00:25:28,087 --> 00:25:29,489 CONDUCTED ANALYSIS TO DEFINE THE 599 00:25:29,489 --> 00:25:32,192 CURRENT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 600 00:25:32,192 --> 00:25:35,762 OF OUR DIVISION AND IDENTIFIED 601 00:25:35,762 --> 00:25:37,397 OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS ABOUT 602 00:25:37,397 --> 00:25:39,432 HOW WE MIGHT WANT TO PROCEED 603 00:25:39,432 --> 00:25:40,266 MOVING FORWARD. 604 00:25:40,266 --> 00:25:42,769 AS A RESULT OF THAT, WE PUT 605 00:25:42,769 --> 00:25:47,407 TOGETHER SOME KEY GOALS AND 606 00:25:47,407 --> 00:25:49,709 OBJECTIVES AND PUT TOGETHER A 607 00:25:49,709 --> 00:25:50,810 MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT 608 00:25:50,810 --> 00:25:53,079 THAT WE ARE USING AS KIND OF THE 609 00:25:53,079 --> 00:25:59,852 FOUNDATION FOR THIS ROAD MAP. 610 00:25:59,852 --> 00:26:01,321 SO WE'RE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 611 00:26:01,321 --> 00:26:02,989 PROCESS NOW AND ONGOING 612 00:26:02,989 --> 00:26:05,425 REFINEMENT TO THE ROAD MAP BUT I 613 00:26:05,425 --> 00:26:07,827 WANTED TO GIVE YOU A QUICK 614 00:26:07,827 --> 00:26:09,996 SUMMARY OF THE VISION AND 615 00:26:09,996 --> 00:26:11,364 MISSION STATEMENTS SO YOU CAN 616 00:26:11,364 --> 00:26:13,766 KIND OF SEE WHERE WE STAND WITH 617 00:26:13,766 --> 00:26:15,635 DEVELOPING THOSE COMPONENTS OF 618 00:26:15,635 --> 00:26:16,502 THE ROAD MAP. 619 00:26:16,502 --> 00:26:18,638 THESE ARE DRAFTS BUT WE SPENT A 620 00:26:18,638 --> 00:26:20,740 FAIR AMOUNT OF TIME GOING 621 00:26:20,740 --> 00:26:21,074 THROUGH THESE. 622 00:26:21,074 --> 00:26:24,277 IN TERMS OF OUR VISION, WE WANT 623 00:26:24,277 --> 00:26:26,346 TO GROW AS A CENTER OF 624 00:26:26,346 --> 00:26:28,781 EXCELLENCE FOR INNOVATION AND 625 00:26:28,781 --> 00:26:31,150 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND HEALTH 626 00:26:31,150 --> 00:26:33,253 INFORMATICS RESEARCH WHERE 627 00:26:33,253 --> 00:26:35,054 INVESTIGATORS ENGAGE IN A 628 00:26:35,054 --> 00:26:39,359 VIBRANT, DIVERSE COLLABORATIVE 629 00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:40,593 COMMUNITY TO ADVANCE BIOMEDICAL 630 00:26:40,593 --> 00:26:42,061 KNOWLEDGE AND IMPROVE HUMAN 631 00:26:42,061 --> 00:26:42,295 HEALTH. 632 00:26:42,295 --> 00:26:44,797 TO REALIZE THAT VISION, OUR 633 00:26:44,797 --> 00:26:46,299 MISSION IS TO RESEARCH AND 634 00:26:46,299 --> 00:26:49,569 DEVELOP COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES 635 00:26:49,569 --> 00:26:51,671 TO BROAD RANGE OF INFORMATION 636 00:26:51,671 --> 00:26:53,106 AND DATA SCIENCE PROBLEMS IN 637 00:26:53,106 --> 00:26:55,675 BIOLOGY, BIO MEDICINE AND HUMAN 638 00:26:55,675 --> 00:26:56,809 HEALTH LEVERAGING THE UNIQUE 639 00:26:56,809 --> 00:26:58,111 RESOURCES WE HAVE HERE AT THE 640 00:26:58,111 --> 00:27:00,346 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. 641 00:27:00,346 --> 00:27:03,816 AS PART OF THIS MISSION, WE 642 00:27:03,816 --> 00:27:05,852 PROMOTE THE FIELDS OF 643 00:27:05,852 --> 00:27:07,654 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND HEALTH 644 00:27:07,654 --> 00:27:09,289 INFORMATICS THROUGH OUTREACH AND 645 00:27:09,289 --> 00:27:11,291 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES TO FOSTER 646 00:27:11,291 --> 00:27:13,426 AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ATTRACTS THE 647 00:27:13,426 --> 00:27:15,261 DIVERSE TALENT AND PERSPECTIVE 648 00:27:15,261 --> 00:27:16,796 NEEDED TO TACKLE THESE 649 00:27:16,796 --> 00:27:19,666 CHALLENGING BIOMEDICAL PROBLEMS. 650 00:27:19,666 --> 00:27:20,800 SO THERE'S A LOT OF INFORMATION 651 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:22,835 PACKED INTO THESE VISION AND 652 00:27:22,835 --> 00:27:24,971 MISSION STATEMENTS BUT WE REALLY 653 00:27:24,971 --> 00:27:27,807 FEEL LIKE THESE REFLECT WHERE WE 654 00:27:27,807 --> 00:27:29,142 WANT TO TAKE OUR DIVISION MOVING 655 00:27:29,142 --> 00:27:32,845 FORWARD. 656 00:27:32,845 --> 00:27:34,113 TO COMPLIMENT THOSE VISION AND 657 00:27:34,113 --> 00:27:36,616 MISSION STATEMENTS WE IDENTIFIED 658 00:27:36,616 --> 00:27:40,119 SIX HIGH-LEVEL GOALS WITH A 659 00:27:40,119 --> 00:27:42,055 NUMBER OF SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 660 00:27:42,055 --> 00:27:43,089 FOR EACH GOAL. 661 00:27:43,089 --> 00:27:46,426 I'M NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH ALL 662 00:27:46,426 --> 00:27:47,994 THE DETAILS IN THIS SLIDE. 663 00:27:47,994 --> 00:27:49,329 I'LL BE HAPPY TO SHARE THE 664 00:27:49,329 --> 00:27:52,799 SLIDES WITH THE BOARD AFTER THE 665 00:27:52,799 --> 00:27:54,801 MEETING BUT THE SIX MAIN GOALS 666 00:27:54,801 --> 00:28:01,541 ARE TO FIRST AND FOREMOST GROW 667 00:28:01,541 --> 00:28:03,943 THE DIVISION'S COMPUTATIONAL 668 00:28:03,943 --> 00:28:04,377 RESEARCH PORTFOLIO. 669 00:28:04,377 --> 00:28:08,247 THE SECOND IS TO ADVANCE 670 00:28:08,247 --> 00:28:09,182 INNOVATIVE PROJECTS BY 671 00:28:09,182 --> 00:28:12,151 COLLABORATING WITH THE 672 00:28:12,151 --> 00:28:13,853 ENGINEERING BRANCHES AT THE 673 00:28:13,853 --> 00:28:15,388 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. 674 00:28:15,388 --> 00:28:19,258 TO TRANSLATE SOME OF OUR 675 00:28:19,258 --> 00:28:20,793 VALIDATED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 676 00:28:20,793 --> 00:28:23,663 AND RESOURCES TO PRODUCTION 677 00:28:23,663 --> 00:28:25,198 LEVEL SYSTEMS AS WE DO ROUTINELY 678 00:28:25,198 --> 00:28:28,067 THROUGH NCBI AND LISTER HILL. 679 00:28:28,067 --> 00:28:29,969 AND THE THIRD GOAL IS TO 680 00:28:29,969 --> 00:28:32,105 CONTINUE TO TRAIN THE NEXT 681 00:28:32,105 --> 00:28:35,274 GENERATION OF INFORMATICS 682 00:28:35,274 --> 00:28:36,109 RESEARCHERS. 683 00:28:36,109 --> 00:28:38,077 THE FOURTH IS TO RAISE THE 684 00:28:38,077 --> 00:28:40,179 VISIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH THAT 685 00:28:40,179 --> 00:28:42,148 WE ENGAGE IN IN OUR DIVISION 686 00:28:42,148 --> 00:28:44,183 THROUGH DIFFERENT KIND OF 687 00:28:44,183 --> 00:28:45,752 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES. 688 00:28:45,752 --> 00:28:49,856 THE FIFTH IS TO ENABLE A ROBUST 689 00:28:49,856 --> 00:28:51,691 DEI ENVIRONMENT WHERE WE 690 00:28:51,691 --> 00:28:55,027 RECOGNIZE THE VALUE OF DIVERSE 691 00:28:55,027 --> 00:28:56,496 PERSPECTIVES AND FOSTERING THE 692 00:28:56,496 --> 00:28:59,065 RESEARCH THAT WE PURSUE IN OUR 693 00:28:59,065 --> 00:29:01,434 DIVISION AND FINALLY, AS PART OF 694 00:29:01,434 --> 00:29:03,202 THE REORGANIZATION OF OUR 695 00:29:03,202 --> 00:29:06,639 DIVISION TO MODERNIZE HOW WE 696 00:29:06,639 --> 00:29:09,442 ADMINISTER THAT DIVISION TO 697 00:29:09,442 --> 00:29:12,779 INCLUDE THINGS LIKE USING MODERN 698 00:29:12,779 --> 00:29:14,881 APPROACHES FOR BUDGET MANAGEMENT 699 00:29:14,881 --> 00:29:16,616 TO COMPUTE THE RESOURCES WE NEED 700 00:29:16,616 --> 00:29:19,852 AND OTHER ASPECTS OF DIVISIONAL 701 00:29:19,852 --> 00:29:22,789 ADMINISTRATION. 702 00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:25,725 AND ON MY LAST SLIDE, THIS IS 703 00:29:25,725 --> 00:29:27,693 WHERE WE STAND WITH THE ROAD MAP 704 00:29:27,693 --> 00:29:29,462 NOW AND THE NEXT STEPS. 705 00:29:29,462 --> 00:29:32,532 SO WE ARE IN THE PROCESS OF 706 00:29:32,532 --> 00:29:34,801 COMPLETING AN INITIAL DRAFT OF 707 00:29:34,801 --> 00:29:35,768 THE ROAD MAP DOCUMENT. 708 00:29:35,768 --> 00:29:39,038 AND WE'RE HOPING TO HAVE THAT 709 00:29:39,038 --> 00:29:40,807 COMPLETED SOME TIME IN DECEMBER 710 00:29:40,807 --> 00:29:42,341 SO NEXT MONTH. 711 00:29:42,341 --> 00:29:44,644 ONCE WE HAVE A DRAFT OF THE ROAD 712 00:29:44,644 --> 00:29:47,947 MAP, WE ARE PLANNING ON SHARING 713 00:29:47,947 --> 00:29:51,050 THAT WITH NLM LEADERSHIP, WITH 714 00:29:51,050 --> 00:29:52,785 OUR BOARD OF REGENTS AND WITH 715 00:29:52,785 --> 00:29:54,854 YOU ALL AS THE BOARD OF 716 00:29:54,854 --> 00:29:56,456 SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS TO SOLICIT 717 00:29:56,456 --> 00:29:59,158 YOUR FEEDBACK AND 718 00:29:59,158 --> 00:29:59,725 RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT ANY 719 00:29:59,725 --> 00:30:01,127 ADJUSTMENTS WE MIGHT WANT TO 720 00:30:01,127 --> 00:30:04,797 MAKE WITH THE ROAD MAP BASED ON 721 00:30:04,797 --> 00:30:05,798 YOUR PERSPECTIVES. 722 00:30:05,798 --> 00:30:08,634 AND THEN AS WE ARE DOING THAT 723 00:30:08,634 --> 00:30:11,737 FINAL REVIEW, WE WILL ALSO BE 724 00:30:11,737 --> 00:30:18,711 ADDING INTO THE ROAD MAP AN 725 00:30:18,711 --> 00:30:20,613 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND METRICS 726 00:30:20,613 --> 00:30:23,249 TO HAVE SPECIFIC GUIDANCE HOW 727 00:30:23,249 --> 00:30:24,817 WE'RE PLANNING TO IMPLEMENT THE 728 00:30:24,817 --> 00:30:26,786 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES AND WHAT 729 00:30:26,786 --> 00:30:30,490 METRICS WE'LL USE TO ASSESS 730 00:30:30,490 --> 00:30:31,090 WHETHER WE'RE ACHIEVING THE 731 00:30:31,090 --> 00:30:33,926 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES AS WE 732 00:30:33,926 --> 00:30:34,861 PROCEED WITH THE ROAD MAP. 733 00:30:34,861 --> 00:30:37,997 SO WE'RE HOPING TO HAVE THE 734 00:30:37,997 --> 00:30:39,665 FINAL ROAD MAP DOCUMENT 735 00:30:39,665 --> 00:30:43,836 COMPLETED BY MARCH AND BEGIN THE 736 00:30:43,836 --> 00:30:45,938 IMPLEMENTATION IN APRIL OF 2025. 737 00:30:45,938 --> 00:30:49,141 SO WITH THAT, I'M HAPPY TO 738 00:30:49,141 --> 00:30:50,443 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE 739 00:30:50,443 --> 00:30:52,812 BOARD AND AGAIN, THANKS FOR YOUR 740 00:30:52,812 --> 00:30:59,785 CONTRIBUTIONS. 741 00:30:59,785 --> 00:31:08,027 PETER, I'LL TURN IT BACK TO YOU. 742 00:31:08,027 --> 00:31:10,496 >> I'LL GIVE A SECOND IF THERE'S 743 00:31:10,496 --> 00:31:13,799 ANY QUESTIONS FROM THE BOARD 744 00:31:13,799 --> 00:31:15,434 OTHER MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE. 745 00:31:15,434 --> 00:31:18,538 >> I HAVE A QUICK QUESTION FOR 746 00:31:18,538 --> 00:31:20,606 RICHARD IF YOU CAN TELL US ABOUT 747 00:31:20,606 --> 00:31:23,709 THE SCOPE OF THE COMPUTATIONAL 748 00:31:23,709 --> 00:31:25,578 HEALTH BRANCH COMPARED TO THE 749 00:31:25,578 --> 00:31:28,814 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY BRANCH. 750 00:31:28,814 --> 00:31:29,949 >> THANKS FOR THAT QUESTION. 751 00:31:29,949 --> 00:31:30,516 THE COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH 752 00:31:30,516 --> 00:31:31,751 RESEARCH BRANCH HAS BEEN 753 00:31:31,751 --> 00:31:33,819 FOCUSSED ON A LOT OF THE 754 00:31:33,819 --> 00:31:36,856 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF 755 00:31:36,856 --> 00:31:37,924 INFORMATICS METHODS. 756 00:31:37,924 --> 00:31:40,793 THEY ARE WORK WITH ELECTRONIC 757 00:31:40,793 --> 00:31:44,130 HEALTH RECORD SYSTEMS, WITH 758 00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:46,933 CLAIMS DATA, A LOT OF DATA 759 00:31:46,933 --> 00:31:48,467 RELATED TO PATIENT MANAGEMENT 760 00:31:48,467 --> 00:31:52,805 AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF 761 00:31:52,805 --> 00:31:53,272 INFORMATICS. 762 00:31:53,272 --> 00:31:54,840 THE COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 763 00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:58,344 BRANCHES FOCUS MORE ON THE 764 00:31:58,344 --> 00:32:00,813 MOLECULAR AND BASIC 765 00:32:00,813 --> 00:32:01,581 COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH LIKE 766 00:32:01,581 --> 00:32:06,018 LOOKING AT PARKING STRUCTURE 767 00:32:06,018 --> 00:32:08,354 PREDICTIONS, LOOKING AT AND 768 00:32:08,354 --> 00:32:10,790 YOU'LL HEAR MORE FROM TERESA AND 769 00:32:10,790 --> 00:32:15,461 EUGENE PART OF THAT CBB BRANCH 770 00:32:15,461 --> 00:32:16,596 LOOKING AT THINGS LIKE VIRUS 771 00:32:16,596 --> 00:32:18,698 EVOLUTION AND MUTATIONS IN THE 772 00:32:18,698 --> 00:32:22,301 SETTING OF CANCER AND TRYING TO 773 00:32:22,301 --> 00:32:26,339 UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISTIC UNDER 774 00:32:26,339 --> 00:32:29,575 PINNINGS OF THOSE DISEASES. 775 00:32:29,575 --> 00:32:30,910 THE THING I'M EXCITED ABOUT 776 00:32:30,910 --> 00:32:34,647 WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION IS I 777 00:32:34,647 --> 00:32:37,850 THINK THOSE AREAS HAVE BEEN S 778 00:32:37,850 --> 00:32:41,621 SILOED IN THE PAST AND HAVE AN 779 00:32:41,621 --> 00:32:44,123 OPPORTUNITY TO THINK HOW TO 780 00:32:44,123 --> 00:32:47,360 BRING TOGETHER THE MOLECULAR 781 00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:47,994 MECHANISTIC FEATURES AND HELP 782 00:32:47,994 --> 00:32:49,395 UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON IN 783 00:32:49,395 --> 00:32:52,431 THE CLINIC WITH PATIENTS AND 784 00:32:52,431 --> 00:32:53,799 PROVIDE THE TRANSLATION BETWEEN 785 00:32:53,799 --> 00:32:56,235 BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 786 00:32:56,235 --> 00:32:57,436 THROUGH OUR NEW COMBINED 787 00:32:57,436 --> 00:32:58,671 DIVISION. 788 00:32:58,671 --> 00:33:00,072 I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE 789 00:33:00,072 --> 00:33:00,806 OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTING ITSELF 790 00:33:00,806 --> 00:33:10,916 TO US. 791 00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:17,757 >> GREAT, TO KEEP ON TRACK I'D 792 00:33:17,757 --> 00:33:20,159 LIKE TO INVITE DR. KOONIN TO 793 00:33:20,159 --> 00:33:25,097 GIVE HIS PRESENTATION. 794 00:33:25,097 --> 00:33:27,466 >> THANK YOU. 795 00:33:27,466 --> 00:33:30,469 I'D LIKE TO ECHO DR. SCHEUERMANN 796 00:33:30,469 --> 00:33:31,937 IN THANKING MEMBERS OF THE BOARD 797 00:33:31,937 --> 00:33:34,940 FOR THE IMPORTANT WORK AND I 798 00:33:34,940 --> 00:33:35,641 APPRECIATE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO 799 00:33:35,641 --> 00:33:37,176 SHARE SOME OF THE RESULTS OF THE 800 00:33:37,176 --> 00:33:41,247 RESEARCH DONE IN MY GROUP FOR 801 00:33:41,247 --> 00:33:42,281 THE LAST FOUR YEARS. 802 00:33:42,281 --> 00:33:52,692 LET ME SHARE MY SCREEN. 803 00:34:04,036 --> 00:34:05,905 CAN YOU SEE MY SCREEN? 804 00:34:05,905 --> 00:34:10,276 >> YES, WE CAN. 805 00:34:10,276 --> 00:34:11,243 >> EXCELLENT. 806 00:34:11,243 --> 00:34:16,816 FOR MY PRESENTATION TODAY BASE 807 00:34:16,816 --> 00:34:23,122 KWLI -- I'LL SPEAK TO THE 808 00:34:23,122 --> 00:34:28,828 DISCOVERY OF NOVEL VIRUSES AND 809 00:34:28,828 --> 00:34:33,933 ANTIVIRUS IMMUNE AND METAGENOME 810 00:34:33,933 --> 00:34:35,034 MINING AND LOOKING AT THE 811 00:34:35,034 --> 00:34:36,635 EVOLUTION OF THE RESEARCH. 812 00:34:36,635 --> 00:34:39,638 BEFORE I PROCEED DIRECTLY TO THE 813 00:34:39,638 --> 00:34:45,344 TOPIC OF MY PRESENTATION TODAY, 814 00:34:45,344 --> 00:34:49,749 I WOULD LIKE TO LIST THE 815 00:34:49,749 --> 00:34:52,785 RESEARCH DIRECTIONS OF MY 816 00:34:52,785 --> 00:34:53,519 RESEARCH GROUP. 817 00:34:53,519 --> 00:35:00,359 YOU HAVE THE BOARD MEMBERS ROOM 818 00:35:00,359 --> 00:35:01,894 AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BOARD 819 00:35:01,894 --> 00:35:04,797 AND THERE'S A CHANCE IN THE 820 00:35:04,797 --> 00:35:15,341 SPACE TO COVER ALL OF THIS AND 821 00:35:17,510 --> 00:35:19,578 THE SUBJECT OF THE PRESENTATION 822 00:35:19,578 --> 00:35:22,348 AND ADDITIONAL SLIDES CAN BE 823 00:35:22,348 --> 00:35:26,986 SEEN LATER IN THE POSTER 824 00:35:26,986 --> 00:35:29,688 PRESENTATION OF DR. LEE AND THE 825 00:35:29,688 --> 00:35:40,132 EVOLUTION AND TAXONOMY OF 826 00:35:43,869 --> 00:35:48,808 VIRUSES AND EVOLUTION AND 827 00:35:48,808 --> 00:35:55,915 INTERVENTION OF ANTIVIRUS 828 00:35:55,915 --> 00:36:05,825 DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND THEORY OF 829 00:36:05,825 --> 00:36:08,694 MICROBIAL GENOME AND EVOLUTION 830 00:36:08,694 --> 00:36:11,730 OF CANCER AND EVOLUTION OF 831 00:36:11,730 --> 00:36:12,832 BIOLOGY COMPLEXITY AND HEAR 832 00:36:12,832 --> 00:36:16,869 ABOUT THE REPORT. 833 00:36:16,869 --> 00:36:23,242 SO, STARTING WITH THE SUBJECT, 834 00:36:23,242 --> 00:36:25,377 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT HAS 835 00:36:25,377 --> 00:36:28,781 HAPPENED AND BEING PUBLISHED IN 836 00:36:28,781 --> 00:36:35,254 THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH CYCLE 837 00:36:35,254 --> 00:36:42,695 2017. 838 00:36:42,695 --> 00:36:52,771 AND THERE'S BEEN VIRUSES AND 839 00:36:52,771 --> 00:36:55,674 GENOMES ASSEMBLED FROM 840 00:36:55,674 --> 00:36:56,041 METAGENOMIC AND 841 00:36:56,041 --> 00:37:02,248 METATRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA AND THIS 842 00:37:02,248 --> 00:37:07,386 WAS A NECESSARY DECISION BECAUSE 843 00:37:07,386 --> 00:37:09,989 EVEN AT THE TIME SEVERAL YEARS 844 00:37:09,989 --> 00:37:13,926 AGO, METAGENOMIC AND 845 00:37:13,926 --> 00:37:15,594 TRANSCRIPTOMICS BECAME BY FAR 846 00:37:15,594 --> 00:37:16,428 THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE IN THE 847 00:37:16,428 --> 00:37:18,097 DISCOVERY OF NEW VIRUSES. 848 00:37:18,097 --> 00:37:28,307 AND THIS CAN BE ILLUSTRATED BY 849 00:37:28,307 --> 00:37:38,817 THIS PLOT SHOWING THE VIRUSES 850 00:37:52,865 --> 00:38:02,708 AND YOU CAN SEE THE SAMPLE OF 851 00:38:02,708 --> 00:38:08,514 THOSE NOT ONLY FROM 852 00:38:08,514 --> 00:38:08,847 METAGENOMICS. 853 00:38:08,847 --> 00:38:18,457 YOU CAN SEE AND I DIDN'T DATE 854 00:38:18,457 --> 00:38:26,398 THE SLIDE BUT IF I DID YOU WOULD 855 00:38:26,398 --> 00:38:28,934 NOTICE THESE DOTS BECAUSE 856 00:38:28,934 --> 00:38:35,240 OVERWHELMINGLY WE LOOK AT 857 00:38:35,240 --> 00:38:38,377 METAGENOMICS AND 858 00:38:38,377 --> 00:38:40,045 TRANSCRIPTOMICS. 859 00:38:40,045 --> 00:38:43,949 THE FIRST TO HIGHLIGHT I WANT TO 860 00:38:43,949 --> 00:38:49,555 BRING TO YOUR ATTENTION TODAY IS 861 00:38:49,555 --> 00:38:55,928 EXTENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MORE THAN 862 00:38:55,928 --> 00:39:01,934 3,000 TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND 863 00:39:01,934 --> 00:39:07,940 REPRESENT 864 00:39:07,940 --> 00:39:12,878 REPRESENTING THE DISCOVERY OF 865 00:39:12,878 --> 00:39:16,749 NOVEL RNA VIRUSES. 866 00:39:16,749 --> 00:39:21,754 FOR ALL THESE INVESTIGATIONS 867 00:39:21,754 --> 00:39:24,790 THERE'S COMPUTATION AND THEY 868 00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:32,798 ESSENTIALLY USE THE PROFILES OF 869 00:39:32,798 --> 00:39:36,802 POLYMERASES THE GENE SHARED BY 870 00:39:36,802 --> 00:39:47,346 ALL RNA VIRUSES TO IDENTIFY THE 871 00:39:52,851 --> 00:39:55,120 METATRANSCRIPTOMICS AND WHAT WE 872 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:57,990 DISCOVERED HERE I DID HIGHLIGHTS 873 00:39:57,990 --> 00:40:05,164 ON THE NEXT SLIDE OR TWO BUT I 874 00:40:05,164 --> 00:40:07,933 WANT TO EMPHASIZE THE MAIN 875 00:40:07,933 --> 00:40:15,240 MESSAGE THAT WE GREATLY EXPANDED 876 00:40:15,240 --> 00:40:20,813 THE DIVERSITY AND CHEER NUMBER 877 00:40:20,813 --> 00:40:21,013 OF. 878 00:40:21,013 --> 00:40:26,685 AGENTS AND RNA VIRUSES THAT CAN 879 00:40:26,685 --> 00:40:29,755 SEE AND THE EUKARYOTIC SEQUENCES 880 00:40:29,755 --> 00:40:35,394 AND THE MAIN COMPONENT AND THE 881 00:40:35,394 --> 00:40:36,595 PRESENCE OF THE BACTERIA YOU 882 00:40:36,595 --> 00:40:42,167 SHOULD SEE IN THE PAPER THIS IS 883 00:40:42,167 --> 00:40:44,169 SIMPLY NOT SO. 884 00:40:44,169 --> 00:40:52,744 AND THIS HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN 885 00:40:52,744 --> 00:40:55,747 PREVIOUS STUDIES AND THE VIRUSES 886 00:40:55,747 --> 00:41:00,819 FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD AND IN 887 00:41:00,819 --> 00:41:08,494 BOTH KINDS OF SYSTEMS. 888 00:41:08,494 --> 00:41:12,831 SO, IT'S FIVE TO SIX FOLD 889 00:41:12,831 --> 00:41:18,904 INCREASE OF THEIR DIVERSITY OF 890 00:41:18,904 --> 00:41:28,147 RNA VIRUSES. 891 00:41:28,147 --> 00:41:36,788 AND WE ASSESSED THE VIRUSES AND 892 00:41:36,788 --> 00:41:40,792 WE HAVE ONLY A SMALL AND THERE 893 00:41:40,792 --> 00:41:46,765 WAS A STANDARD INCREASE IN THE 894 00:41:46,765 --> 00:41:57,309 DIVERSITY OF RNA BEFORE WE HAD 895 00:41:57,743 --> 00:42:07,853 THE STUDY. 896 00:42:09,688 --> 00:42:18,964 AND WE SHOW HERE AND THESE ARE 897 00:42:18,964 --> 00:42:24,403 WHAT I WANT TO BRING THE MOST 898 00:42:24,403 --> 00:42:34,947 ATTENTION TO AND THE RNA VIRUS 899 00:42:36,715 --> 00:42:38,550 AND GENOME INDICATING IN TERMS 900 00:42:38,550 --> 00:42:43,822 OF THE DIVERSITY OF THE SPECIES 901 00:42:43,822 --> 00:42:49,127 WE'RE STILL SCRATCHING THE 902 00:42:49,127 --> 00:42:59,671 SURFACE AND WE TALK ABOUT THESE 903 00:43:04,076 --> 00:43:12,818 WHERE WE DISCOVERED THE RNA 904 00:43:12,818 --> 00:43:20,792 VIRU 905 00:43:20,792 --> 00:43:24,796 VIRUSES THEY'RE ASSOCIATED WITH 906 00:43:24,796 --> 00:43:31,937 BACTERIA AND WHAT IS MOST 907 00:43:31,937 --> 00:43:39,745 INTERESTING IS THERE'S 908 00:43:39,745 --> 00:43:43,382 POLYMERASE SHOWN AND WE PRESENT 909 00:43:43,382 --> 00:43:49,921 AN INTERMEDIATE STAGE OF 910 00:43:49,921 --> 00:43:55,961 EVOLUTION BETWEEN THE POLYMERASE 911 00:43:55,961 --> 00:44:03,101 AND TRANSCRIPTASE AND TWO OF THE 912 00:44:03,101 --> 00:44:03,602 VIRUS THAT NEEDS TO BE 913 00:44:03,602 --> 00:44:07,072 DISCOVERED. 914 00:44:07,072 --> 00:44:13,011 I WILL NOW SWITCH TO SOMETHING 915 00:44:13,011 --> 00:44:17,149 EVEN MORE UNUSUAL AND DON'T USE 916 00:44:17,149 --> 00:44:24,790 THIS SLIDE FROM THE QR CODE 917 00:44:24,790 --> 00:44:35,300 PUBLISHED AND INTRODUCE THESE 918 00:44:40,872 --> 00:44:51,350 AROUND VIROID ARE AND BASICALLY 919 00:45:00,559 --> 00:45:11,036 MAKE RNA AND LOOK AT THESE AND 920 00:45:18,009 --> 00:45:25,984 OTHERWISE WE RELY ON UNUSUAL 921 00:45:25,984 --> 00:45:36,528 REPLICATORS OF AGENTS AND mRNA 922 00:45:36,862 --> 00:45:47,239 AND RIBOZYVIRUS AND THIS 923 00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,843 INTERESTING AND THEY'RE 924 00:45:51,843 --> 00:45:56,148 IMPORTANT AND THEY'RE ASSOCIATED 925 00:45:56,148 --> 00:46:06,658 WITH HEPATITIS B AND AND CAN 926 00:46:22,607 --> 00:46:33,084 CAUSE DISEASE BUT THESE DO NOT 927 00:46:35,554 --> 00:46:39,291 GET VERY MUCH TRACTION. 928 00:46:39,291 --> 00:46:44,830 WE DECIDED TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT 929 00:46:44,830 --> 00:46:52,537 BY TRANSCRIPTOMES COULD IT BE A 930 00:46:52,537 --> 00:46:55,073 MUCH GREATER DIVERSITY OF AGENTS 931 00:46:55,073 --> 00:47:00,679 WELL BEFORE EMBARKING DIRECTLY 932 00:47:00,679 --> 00:47:11,223 ON THE OF AND THE DATABASE CAN 933 00:47:16,862 --> 00:47:27,305 BE USED FOR THE SEQUENCES AND 934 00:47:32,043 --> 00:47:42,420 DISCOVER RIBO ZY RNA AND 935 00:47:56,067 --> 00:47:59,170 DISCOVER TO IDENTIFY THE RNA AND 936 00:47:59,170 --> 00:48:07,979 MAKE SURE THEY ACTUALLY DETECT 937 00:48:07,979 --> 00:48:10,248 THOUGH THE VIROID HAS BEEN 938 00:48:10,248 --> 00:48:19,991 DEVELOPED AND WE APPLIED IT FOR 939 00:48:19,991 --> 00:48:28,066 THE DISCOVERY OF RNA VIRUSES. 940 00:48:28,066 --> 00:48:32,003 AND THEY ALSO EVOLVED BY THE 941 00:48:32,003 --> 00:48:38,043 EXTENSION OF VIROID LIKE RNAs 942 00:48:38,043 --> 00:48:48,286 BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT HAS BEEN 943 00:48:48,286 --> 00:48:53,825 DISCOVERED MANY ARE DEVOID OF 944 00:48:53,825 --> 00:49:02,801 ANYMORE MATERIAL SUGGEST IING T 945 00:49:02,801 --> 00:49:12,844 DIVERSITY OF EDGES ARE LIKELY TO 946 00:49:12,844 --> 00:49:18,416 IMPACT THESE AND HAVE TO SHOW 947 00:49:18,416 --> 00:49:22,320 SOME ARE TARGETED INDICATING 948 00:49:22,320 --> 00:49:28,560 THEY PRODUCE PROKARYOTES. 949 00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:32,664 SO THERE'S ROUGHLY SIX FOLD 950 00:49:32,664 --> 00:49:42,540 EXTENSION OF THE DIVERSITY AND 951 00:49:42,540 --> 00:49:46,344 CLOSE RNAs. 952 00:49:46,344 --> 00:49:56,888 AND SOME ARE LIKELY VIRUSES AND 953 00:50:02,827 --> 00:50:07,365 HAVE ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF DARK 954 00:50:07,365 --> 00:50:15,340 MATTER AND NEED TO BE 955 00:50:15,340 --> 00:50:16,441 INVESTIGATED. 956 00:50:16,441 --> 00:50:26,951 SO, WE DISCOVERED THE NUCLEIC 957 00:50:42,300 --> 00:50:48,773 ACID AND THIS IS DISCOVERED IN 958 00:50:48,773 --> 00:50:55,113 THIS SPACE. 959 00:50:55,113 --> 00:51:00,185 VERY INTERESTING WE ALSO 960 00:51:00,185 --> 00:51:08,026 IDENTIFIED A NOVEL VARIETY OF 961 00:51:08,026 --> 00:51:18,570 VIRUSES AND THIS WAS PREVIOUSLY 962 00:51:23,408 --> 00:51:28,780 KNOWN WITH THE FUNGI BUT HAVEN'T 963 00:51:28,780 --> 00:51:36,788 BEEN REALIZED CONTAINING 964 00:51:36,788 --> 00:51:43,928 RIBOZYMES AND MANY SEQUENCES OF 965 00:51:43,928 --> 00:51:48,032 SUCH. 966 00:51:48,032 --> 00:51:58,576 THEY ENCODE AND THE GENOME HAVE 967 00:52:01,746 --> 00:52:08,787 BEEN INVOLVED AND VIRUSES PUT 968 00:52:08,787 --> 00:52:10,789 THE TAXONOMY NEEDS TO BE 969 00:52:10,789 --> 00:52:12,824 RESOLVED. 970 00:52:12,824 --> 00:52:21,199 SO OUR HYPOTHESIS THERE'S VIROID 971 00:52:21,199 --> 00:52:27,472 LIKE ROLES AND RNAs AND RIBO 972 00:52:27,472 --> 00:52:34,646 VIRUSES THAT ARE PROTEIN ENCODED 973 00:52:34,646 --> 00:52:45,356 GENES THESE FINDINGS AND TO DATE 974 00:52:59,804 --> 00:53:02,073 THERE'S DISCOVERIES OF THE 975 00:53:02,073 --> 00:53:07,412 DIVERSITY OF SUCH AGENTS AND I 976 00:53:07,412 --> 00:53:12,517 THINK THE IDEA NEED TO BE SEEN 977 00:53:12,517 --> 00:53:15,854 AND WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT THE 978 00:53:15,854 --> 00:53:19,691 MOST ABUNDANT HUMAN ASSOCIATED 979 00:53:19,691 --> 00:53:19,924 VIRUSES. 980 00:53:19,924 --> 00:53:24,796 SO THE MOST IMPORTANT HUMAN 981 00:53:24,796 --> 00:53:28,800 ASSOCIATED VIRUS IS THE 982 00:53:28,800 --> 00:53:34,706 SO-CALLED CRASSPHAGE AND THIS 983 00:53:34,706 --> 00:53:45,149 CAN BE DISCOVERED AND THE 984 00:53:47,552 --> 00:53:50,488 VIRUSES CAN COMPRISE UP TO 90% 985 00:53:50,488 --> 00:54:01,032 OF VIRUS SEQUENCES IN OUR GUT 986 00:54:05,570 --> 00:54:10,642 MICROBIOME AND WE'RE INTERESTED 987 00:54:10,642 --> 00:54:18,316 IN THESE VIRUSES AND WE NEED TO 988 00:54:18,316 --> 00:54:23,988 ANALYZE THE GENOMES AND DISCOVER 989 00:54:23,988 --> 00:54:27,458 THE PROMISE OR IMPORTANTLY 990 00:54:27,458 --> 00:54:32,797 DISCOVER THE WHOLE FAMILY OF 991 00:54:32,797 --> 00:54:43,107 THESE VIRUSES BEING ASSOCIATED. 992 00:54:43,107 --> 00:54:49,380 WITH THIS EXTENDED THE STUDIES 993 00:54:49,380 --> 00:54:56,054 ARE COMPRISED IN THE ORDER OF 994 00:54:56,054 --> 00:55:06,531 VIRUSES AND WE LOOK AT MANY 995 00:55:08,666 --> 00:55:09,567 INTERRUPTED GENES AND GENETIC 996 00:55:09,567 --> 00:55:11,402 CODES AND MORE AND MORE THAT 997 00:55:11,402 --> 00:55:18,643 REMAINS TO BE INVESTIGATED. 998 00:55:18,643 --> 00:55:24,582 THESE ARE EXTREMELY ABUNDANT IN 999 00:55:24,582 --> 00:55:35,026 OUR GUT AND UP TO 90% OF THE 1000 00:55:35,026 --> 00:55:35,793 VIRUS SEQUENCES. 1001 00:55:35,793 --> 00:55:39,397 NOW RECENTLY WITH OUR COLLEAGUES 1002 00:55:39,397 --> 00:55:41,499 FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM HAVE 1003 00:55:41,499 --> 00:55:42,967 INVOLVED IN STRUCTURAL 1004 00:55:42,967 --> 00:55:47,772 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VIRUSES 1005 00:55:47,772 --> 00:55:50,742 AND CREATING THE STAGE AND 1006 00:55:50,742 --> 00:55:55,246 REPEATING VERY INTERESTING 1007 00:55:55,246 --> 00:56:00,118 UNUSUAL FEATURE OF MULTIPLE 1008 00:56:00,118 --> 00:56:05,923 PROTEINS INJECTED IN THE 1009 00:56:05,923 --> 00:56:10,061 INFECTED CELLS AND THE VIRAL 1010 00:56:10,061 --> 00:56:15,967 GENE INCLUDING THE POLYMERASE OF 1011 00:56:15,967 --> 00:56:22,840 EARLY GENES AND BEFORE I FINISH 1012 00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:27,378 THE DISCUSSION DISCOVER THE 1013 00:56:27,378 --> 00:56:31,015 METAGENOMES AND TRANSCRIPTOMES I 1014 00:56:31,015 --> 00:56:36,788 WANT TO INTRODUCE THIS 1015 00:56:36,788 --> 00:56:43,828 INFORMATIVEST --INFORMATIVE 1016 00:56:43,828 --> 00:56:47,665 ESTIMATES AND LOOK AT THE NUMBER 1017 00:56:47,665 --> 00:56:49,967 OF VIRUSES ASSOCIATED UNEACH 1018 00:56:49,967 --> 00:56:56,074 SPECIES AND THIS IS A LARGE 1019 00:56:56,074 --> 00:57:06,617 NUMBER AND AROUND THE NUMBER OF 1020 00:57:08,853 --> 00:57:12,824 DISTINCT VIRAL GENES THEY 1021 00:57:12,824 --> 00:57:15,059 PROBABLY EXCEED BY DECENT ORDER 1022 00:57:15,059 --> 00:57:16,794 OF MAGNITUDE THE NUMBER OF GENES 1023 00:57:16,794 --> 00:57:22,033 THAT ARE TARGETS INDICATED THE 1024 00:57:22,033 --> 00:57:24,802 VIRUS IN PARTICULAR ARE THE MAIN 1025 00:57:24,802 --> 00:57:32,777 RESERVOIR OF GENETIC DIVERSITY. 1026 00:57:32,777 --> 00:57:35,279 BEFORE I FINISH MY TALK, LAST 1027 00:57:35,279 --> 00:57:38,082 BUT NOT LEAST I WOULD LIKE TO 1028 00:57:38,082 --> 00:57:44,055 HIGHLIGHT THIS WORK IN 1029 00:57:44,055 --> 00:57:50,061 COLLABORA 1030 00:57:50,061 --> 00:57:52,797 COLLABORATION AND THE DISCOVERY 1031 00:57:52,797 --> 00:57:55,233 OF ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE SYSTEMS 1032 00:57:55,233 --> 00:58:00,738 WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT FOR 25 1033 00:58:00,738 --> 00:58:06,310 MINUTES OR SO NOW WE LOOK AT THE 1034 00:58:06,310 --> 00:58:08,079 DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND I DON'T 1035 00:58:08,079 --> 00:58:18,623 THINK I NEED TO INTRODUCE CRISPR 1036 00:58:20,124 --> 00:58:26,063 DISCOVERY AS THE MOST EFFICIENT 1037 00:58:26,063 --> 00:58:33,471 AND WE CAN INCREASE DISCOVERY 1038 00:58:33,471 --> 00:58:39,777 FOR MANY YEARS BUT HERE IN 1039 00:58:39,777 --> 00:58:40,778 COLLABORATION TO TAKE THIS 1040 00:58:40,778 --> 00:58:44,682 ANALYSIS TO A DIFFERENT LEVEL 1041 00:58:44,682 --> 00:58:48,619 AND ANALYZE GENOMIC SEQUENCES TO 1042 00:58:48,619 --> 00:58:56,060 DISCOVER NOVEL PERSISTENCE WE 1043 00:58:56,060 --> 00:58:59,430 CAN INTRODUCE AN EFFICIENT 1044 00:58:59,430 --> 00:59:02,066 METHOD OF MILLIONS OF SEQUENCES 1045 00:59:02,066 --> 00:59:04,769 FROM METAGENOME OTHERWISE THIS 1046 00:59:04,769 --> 00:59:11,509 SIMPLY CANNOT HANDLE THE SEARCHS 1047 00:59:11,509 --> 00:59:16,581 OF THESE DATAS. 1048 00:59:16,581 --> 00:59:27,124 SO WE LOOK AT THE DISCOVER AND 1049 00:59:28,859 --> 00:59:30,962 DEVELOPED RESULTING IN THE 1050 00:59:30,962 --> 00:59:32,797 DISCOVERY OF NOVEL CRISPR 1051 00:59:32,797 --> 00:59:38,069 VARIANTS AND CRISPR ASSOCIATED 1052 00:59:38,069 --> 00:59:48,579 GENES AND THIS TIME LINE HERE 1053 00:59:51,349 --> 00:59:52,717 SHOWS WHAT WE DISCOVER IN THE 1054 00:59:52,717 --> 00:59:53,718 PAPER AND THE DATABASES. 1055 00:59:53,718 --> 00:59:59,056 WE CAN SEE THE MAJORITY OF THERE 1056 00:59:59,056 --> 01:00:06,464 IN THE LAST DECADE EMPHASIZING 1057 01:00:06,464 --> 01:00:07,698 CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE OF THE 1058 01:00:07,698 --> 01:00:12,837 IMPORTANCE OF METAGENOMIC 1059 01:00:12,837 --> 01:00:14,639 DATABASES. 1060 01:00:14,639 --> 01:00:16,807 ONE OF THE DISCOVERIES IS 1061 01:00:16,807 --> 01:00:27,351 ANOTHER TYPE OF CRISPR AND THIS 1062 01:00:27,885 --> 01:00:29,053 CONTAINS A LOT OF EFFECT OF THE 1063 01:00:29,053 --> 01:00:32,790 NUCLEASE NOT PREVIOUSLY DETECTED 1064 01:00:32,790 --> 01:00:40,798 IN SYSTEMS AND OUR COLLEAGUES 1065 01:00:40,798 --> 01:00:48,773 ACTUALLY DEMONSTRATED THIS 1066 01:00:48,773 --> 01:00:50,074 EFFECT. 1067 01:00:50,074 --> 01:00:59,784 SO MY SYSTEMS ARE IMPORTANT AND 1068 01:00:59,784 --> 01:01:06,657 IN PARTICULAR LOOKING AT IN 1069 01:01:06,657 --> 01:01:11,262 PARTICULAR CRISPR AROUND WHAT 1070 01:01:11,262 --> 01:01:12,830 NEEDS TO BE DEVELOPED NEW 1071 01:01:12,830 --> 01:01:19,603 METHODS AND LIKE WHAT IS BEING 1072 01:01:19,603 --> 01:01:23,674 DEVELOPED ALTOGETHER THEY 1073 01:01:23,674 --> 01:01:25,710 DISCOVER NEARLY PREVIOUSLY 1074 01:01:25,710 --> 01:01:27,945 REPORTED CRISPR GENE MODULES AND 1075 01:01:27,945 --> 01:01:36,020 SOME OF WHICH ARE INCLUDE D CAN 1076 01:01:36,020 --> 01:01:37,021 BE VALIDATED IN THE WORK. 1077 01:01:37,021 --> 01:01:44,095 LET ME MAKE SOME GENERAL 1078 01:01:44,095 --> 01:01:46,897 CONCLUSIONS. 1079 01:01:46,897 --> 01:01:50,701 THIS REVEALS DIVERSITY OF 1080 01:01:50,701 --> 01:01:51,802 VIRUSES AND OTHER GENETIC 1081 01:01:51,802 --> 01:01:54,939 ELEMENTS AND VIRUSES AND 1082 01:01:54,939 --> 01:01:57,608 CONVERSELY THE VIRUS DEFENSE 1083 01:01:57,608 --> 01:01:57,942 SYSTEMS. 1084 01:01:57,942 --> 01:02:04,115 THE REVIEW BY METAGENOMICS AND 1085 01:02:04,115 --> 01:02:07,385 META TRANSCRIPTOMICS IS NOT ONLY 1086 01:02:07,385 --> 01:02:09,286 QUALITATIVE BUT QUANTITATIVE AND 1087 01:02:09,286 --> 01:02:13,290 NEW AGENTS AND TYPES OF CRISPR. 1088 01:02:13,290 --> 01:02:18,496 IT HAS TO BE NOTED HOWEVER, THAT 1089 01:02:18,496 --> 01:02:27,505 THE MOST ADVANCED GROUPS AND 1090 01:02:27,505 --> 01:02:29,874 TYPES OF CHRIS PER SYSTEMS ARE 1091 01:02:29,874 --> 01:02:31,776 ALREADY KNOWN FOR THEIR 1092 01:02:31,776 --> 01:02:34,712 STABILITY AND TAXONOMY OF THESE 1093 01:02:34,712 --> 01:02:39,884 VIRUSES AND SYSTEMS AND THEY'RE 1094 01:02:39,884 --> 01:02:45,322 NOW LOOKING AT THE DIVERSITY 1095 01:02:45,322 --> 01:02:47,425 DISTRIBUTION AND DOESN'T MAKE 1096 01:02:47,425 --> 01:02:48,058 THE DISCOVERIES LESS INTERESTING 1097 01:02:48,058 --> 01:02:49,026 AT ALL. 1098 01:02:49,026 --> 01:02:52,363 WE HAVE UNPRECEDENTED 1099 01:02:52,363 --> 01:02:56,000 OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIODIVERSITY 1100 01:02:56,000 --> 01:02:56,834 AND EVOLUTION WE'LL PURSUE 1101 01:02:56,834 --> 01:03:02,406 VIGOROUSLY. 1102 01:03:02,406 --> 01:03:12,917 SO AND WE HAVE RELEASED THREE 1103 01:03:17,388 --> 01:03:19,790 INSTALLMENTS OVER THE YEARS AND 1104 01:03:19,790 --> 01:03:24,795 DISCOVERY NEEDS TO BE DISCOVERED 1105 01:03:24,795 --> 01:03:32,136 AND APPROVED AND FUNCTIONALLY 1106 01:03:32,136 --> 01:03:34,305 IMPORTANT PROTEINS AND BACTERIA 1107 01:03:34,305 --> 01:03:40,911 A 1108 01:03:40,911 --> 01:03:46,050 AND OF COURSE I DEVIATE ON THE 1109 01:03:46,050 --> 01:03:50,688 IMMEDIATE SUBJECT OF THE TALK 1110 01:03:50,688 --> 01:04:01,165 AND DISCUSS THE EUKARYOTIC GENES 1111 01:04:01,165 --> 01:04:04,201 AND MORE PLANS EFFICIENT A.I. 1112 01:04:04,201 --> 01:04:06,604 BASED APPROACH FOR MINING META 1113 01:04:06,604 --> 01:04:10,641 GENOMES AND META TRANSCRIPT 1114 01:04:10,641 --> 01:04:15,012 OMICS AND EXTENDING BIODIVERSITY 1115 01:04:15,012 --> 01:04:18,649 AND CO-EVOLUTION OF GENETIC 1116 01:04:18,649 --> 01:04:24,822 PARASITES AND THEORY MODELS AND 1117 01:04:24,822 --> 01:04:27,925 ANALYSIS OF PATTERNS AND MORE 1118 01:04:27,925 --> 01:04:34,999 GENERAL STUDIES OF THE ORIGIN OF 1119 01:04:34,999 --> 01:04:38,135 LIFE AND I I MUST ACKNOWLEDGE 1120 01:04:38,135 --> 01:04:48,579 MEMBERS OF MY GROUP HERE. 1121 01:04:50,214 --> 01:04:59,823 AND LOOK AT THE RELATED RESEARCH 1122 01:04:59,823 --> 01:05:01,992 AND MY MANY COLLABORATORS FROM 1123 01:05:01,992 --> 01:05:02,893 MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD FOR WHOM 1124 01:05:02,893 --> 01:05:13,437 I'M GRATEFUL AND THANK YOU VERY 1125 01:05:13,771 --> 01:05:14,338 MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND I'LL 1126 01:05:14,338 --> 01:05:14,905 BE DELIGHTED TO ANSWER ANY 1127 01:05:14,905 --> 01:05:15,406 QUESTIONS YOU PLAY HAVE. 1128 01:05:15,406 --> 01:05:17,474 -- YOU MAY HAVE. 1129 01:05:17,474 --> 01:05:20,811 >> GREAT, WE TURNED OFF 1130 01:05:20,811 --> 01:05:24,815 DR. KOONIN'S VIDEO BECAUSE OF 1131 01:05:24,815 --> 01:05:26,383 BANDWIDTH BUT PERHAPS FOR Q&A WE 1132 01:05:26,383 --> 01:05:28,819 CAN PUT THE VIDEO BACK ON. 1133 01:05:28,819 --> 01:05:32,323 I'LL TURN IT OVER TO QUESTIONS 1134 01:05:32,323 --> 01:05:42,533 AND ANSWERS. 1135 01:05:44,501 --> 01:05:54,745 >> UNFORTUNATELY, MAY BE 1136 01:05:54,745 --> 01:05:55,546 >> OKAY. 1137 01:05:55,546 --> 01:05:58,148 SO WHY DON'T WE START WITH 1138 01:05:58,148 --> 01:06:00,818 ANYBODY FROM THE GENERAL 1139 01:06:00,818 --> 01:06:07,758 AUDIENCE. 1140 01:06:07,758 --> 01:06:08,826 SO, WE'VE GOT ABOUT 15 MINUTES 1141 01:06:08,826 --> 01:06:11,261 FOR QUESTIONS FROM THE BOARD OF 1142 01:06:11,261 --> 01:06:12,262 SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS AND 1143 01:06:12,262 --> 01:06:15,666 GENERAL AUDIENCE AND AT 12:20 1144 01:06:15,666 --> 01:06:16,800 EASTERN WELL CUT OVER TO THE 1145 01:06:16,800 --> 01:06:20,137 POSTER SESSION AND POSTDOCTORAL 1146 01:06:20,137 --> 01:06:30,280 FELLOWS. 1147 01:06:36,453 --> 01:06:43,861 >> I HAVE A QUICK QUESTION. 1148 01:06:43,861 --> 01:06:45,362 >> GO FOR IT. 1149 01:06:45,362 --> 01:06:51,635 >> SO, EUGENE, YOU ELUDED TO THE 1150 01:06:51,635 --> 01:06:53,303 ORIGINS OF LIFE IN YOUR TALK. 1151 01:06:53,303 --> 01:06:55,039 COULD YOU EXPAND A LITTLE BIT 1152 01:06:55,039 --> 01:07:00,811 ABOUT THAT THEORY AND GO BACK AS 1153 01:07:00,811 --> 01:07:07,184 AS FAR AS POSSIBLE IN TIME OR 1154 01:07:07,184 --> 01:07:07,518 YOUR THOUGHTS. 1155 01:07:07,518 --> 01:07:17,928 >> WELL, YES, OF COURSE. 1156 01:07:23,667 --> 01:07:28,806 THERE'S A STUDY TRYING TO 1157 01:07:28,806 --> 01:07:35,713 DEVELOP IN TERMS OF EMPIRICAL 1158 01:07:35,713 --> 01:07:38,816 PROJECT I THINK THE NOVEL 1159 01:07:38,816 --> 01:07:49,359 RIBOZYMES THAT ENABLE ACTIVITIES 1160 01:07:49,893 --> 01:07:54,631 WE NEED UNDERSTANDING AND 1161 01:07:54,631 --> 01:08:02,139 THERE'S RECONSTRUCTION OF THE 1162 01:08:02,139 --> 01:08:05,909 PRIMORDIAL AND THEORETICAL 1163 01:08:05,909 --> 01:08:14,451 MODELS ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE IT 1164 01:08:14,451 --> 01:08:18,822 INVOLVES THE SYMBIOTIC ORIGIN OF 1165 01:08:18,822 --> 01:08:24,795 LIFE AND SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP 1166 01:08:24,795 --> 01:08:28,365 BETWEEN PRIMORDIAL REPLICATOR 1167 01:08:28,365 --> 01:08:32,136 CELLS THAT STILL LACK ANY GENOME 1168 01:08:32,136 --> 01:08:42,679 TO REPRODUCE BY SIMPLE PHYSICAL 1169 01:08:44,214 --> 01:08:50,788 DIVISION. 1170 01:08:50,788 --> 01:08:56,693 AND THE MOST DIFFICULT PROBLEM 1171 01:08:56,693 --> 01:08:57,261 IN BIOLOGY FROM A DIFFERENT 1172 01:08:57,261 --> 01:09:00,798 STANDPOINT. 1173 01:09:00,798 --> 01:09:06,370 >> THANKS. 1174 01:09:06,370 --> 01:09:08,806 >> I HAVE A QUESTION WHICH 1175 01:09:08,806 --> 01:09:12,309 RELATES TO YOUR TALKING ABOUT 1176 01:09:12,309 --> 01:09:14,945 HAVING IDENTIFIED THE NUMBER OF 1177 01:09:14,945 --> 01:09:17,748 UNREPORTED CRISPR-LIKE GENE 1178 01:09:17,748 --> 01:09:19,583 MODULES RAND I'D LIKE TO HEAR 1179 01:09:19,583 --> 01:09:21,351 MORE WHAT THE PRACTICAL 1180 01:09:21,351 --> 01:09:23,020 IMPLICATIONS OF HAVING 1181 01:09:23,020 --> 01:09:24,121 IDENTIFIED WHAT THESE ARE. 1182 01:09:24,121 --> 01:09:26,790 HOW DO YOU ENVISION THE 1183 01:09:26,790 --> 01:09:27,858 PRACTICAL LOCATIONS OF IT AND 1184 01:09:27,858 --> 01:09:32,129 THE SCIENTIFIC IMPLICATIONS OF 1185 01:09:32,129 --> 01:09:37,534 IT. 1186 01:09:37,534 --> 01:09:42,906 >> THEY'RE FUNDAMENTALLY 1187 01:09:42,906 --> 01:09:45,642 IMPLICATI 1188 01:09:45,642 --> 01:09:46,376 IMPLICAT 1189 01:09:46,376 --> 01:09:47,110 IMPLICAT 1190 01:09:47,110 --> 01:09:48,812 IMPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF 1191 01:09:48,812 --> 01:09:59,356 FUNDAMENTAL IMPLICATIONS, WE SEE 1192 01:10:00,891 --> 01:10:10,234 ADDITIONAL ENZYMES AND WE 1193 01:10:10,234 --> 01:10:14,171 DISCOVER VARIETIES OF THE 1194 01:10:14,171 --> 01:10:20,143 NUCLEASES INDICATING THAT THESE 1195 01:10:20,143 --> 01:10:28,952 ARE INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION OF 1196 01:10:28,952 --> 01:10:39,463 THESE SYSTEMS AND LOOK AT THE 1197 01:10:44,701 --> 01:10:55,145 SYSTEM TYPES ARE QUITE OF THE 1198 01:10:55,545 --> 01:11:03,086 CRISPR COMMON IN NATURE AND FROM 1199 01:11:03,086 --> 01:11:07,624 AN EVOLUTIONARY STANDPOINT WE 1200 01:11:07,624 --> 01:11:12,796 UNDERSTAND SOME ARE SO 1201 01:11:12,796 --> 01:11:22,539 SUCCESSFUL AND OTHERS ARE MUCH 1202 01:11:22,539 --> 01:11:28,378 LOWER, MUCH LESS CALLED AND 1203 01:11:28,378 --> 01:11:36,420 THEY'RE MORE RARE VARIANTS DON'T 1204 01:11:36,420 --> 01:11:46,163 IMPLY IN PARTICULAR AND SOME OF 1205 01:11:46,163 --> 01:11:48,832 THEM ARE NEWLY DISCOVERED OVER 1206 01:11:48,832 --> 01:11:52,436 THE DECADES OF OBTAINING THE 1207 01:11:52,436 --> 01:11:58,108 SO-CALLED HMH NUCLEASE CAN BE 1208 01:11:58,108 --> 01:12:04,815 VERY PRECISE OF DNA AND 1209 01:12:04,815 --> 01:12:15,359 INTRODUCING OFF TARGET AND IT'S 1210 01:12:18,662 --> 01:12:24,801 NOT EASY TO INTRODUCE A NOVEL 1211 01:12:24,801 --> 01:12:34,344 TOOL BECAUSE THE POTENTIAL IS 1212 01:12:34,344 --> 01:12:44,187 THERE NEVERTHELESS THIS CAN BE 1213 01:12:44,187 --> 01:12:47,457 SIGNIFICANTLY DONE. 1214 01:12:47,457 --> 01:12:49,126 >> RICHARD AND THEN NOMI AND 1215 01:12:49,126 --> 01:12:51,762 THEN TIME FOR ONE OR TWO AFTER 1216 01:12:51,762 --> 01:12:54,264 THAT AS WE'RE TRYING TO WRAP UP 1217 01:12:54,264 --> 01:12:55,766 IN ABOUT SEVEN MINUTES. 1218 01:12:55,766 --> 01:12:57,200 >> GREAT, THANKS. 1219 01:12:57,200 --> 01:12:58,735 THANKS, EUGENE. 1220 01:12:58,735 --> 01:13:00,737 I WONDER IF YOU COULD COMMENT ON 1221 01:13:00,737 --> 01:13:04,808 THE IMPACT THAT SAMPLING BIAS 1222 01:13:04,808 --> 01:13:08,178 HAS ON YOUR ESTIMATES OF VIRUS 1223 01:13:08,178 --> 01:13:18,355 DIVERSITY. 1224 01:13:18,555 --> 01:13:22,092 >> IT'S ALWAYS AN ISSUE. 1225 01:13:22,092 --> 01:13:28,432 HOWEVER, I THINK IT'S RAPIDLY 1226 01:13:28,432 --> 01:13:35,505 BECOMING MUCH LESS. 1227 01:13:35,505 --> 01:13:37,641 BECAUSE THEY ARE HAVE 1228 01:13:37,641 --> 01:13:44,181 ENVIRONMENTS REPRESENTED AND 1229 01:13:44,181 --> 01:13:48,819 THERE'S MANY THOUSANDS OF 1230 01:13:48,819 --> 01:13:56,193 TRANSCRIPT OME S REPRESENTING 1231 01:13:56,193 --> 01:14:02,165 ALL KIND OF ENVIRONMENTS. 1232 01:14:02,165 --> 01:14:09,272 A 1233 01:14:09,272 --> 01:14:14,111 AND THEY'RE MOVING TOWARDS 1234 01:14:14,111 --> 01:14:18,849 UNBIASSED ANALYSIS. 1235 01:14:18,849 --> 01:14:29,292 THAT BEING SAID THOSE THE 1236 01:14:29,860 --> 01:14:31,528 DISTINCT ENVIRONMENT VERY 1237 01:14:31,528 --> 01:14:42,072 INTERESTING THINGS MOREOVER SOME 1238 01:14:44,608 --> 01:14:47,077 OPTIMISTIC BIAS SAMPLES ARE 1239 01:14:47,077 --> 01:14:52,215 DIFFERENT KINDS OF COSTS OF 1240 01:14:52,215 --> 01:15:00,824 DIFFERENT ANIMALS. 1241 01:15:00,824 --> 01:15:09,299 FOR INSTANCE WITH YOU KNOW 1242 01:15:09,299 --> 01:15:14,171 LITTLE ABOUT THE VIRUSES 1243 01:15:14,171 --> 01:15:24,881 INFECTING ABOUT YEUKARYOTES AND 1244 01:15:31,955 --> 01:15:34,658 CAN BE DISCOVERED AND LESS 1245 01:15:34,658 --> 01:15:40,997 EXOTIC SAMPLES AND VARIETIES 1246 01:15:40,997 --> 01:15:44,167 COME UP. 1247 01:15:44,167 --> 01:15:50,307 SO THERE'S STILL A LOT THAT 1248 01:15:50,307 --> 01:15:50,774 NEED TO BE RECOVERED. 1249 01:15:50,774 --> 01:15:55,145 >> THANK YOU. 1250 01:15:55,145 --> 01:15:58,381 >> DR. KOONIN, THANK YOU FOR 1251 01:15:58,381 --> 01:15:58,949 YOUR PRESENTATION AND YOUR 1252 01:15:58,949 --> 01:15:59,216 RESEARCH. 1253 01:15:59,216 --> 01:16:04,688 THIS IS NOT MY AREA OF RESEARCH 1254 01:16:04,688 --> 01:16:05,288 AND MY QUESTION WAS SOMEWHAT 1255 01:16:05,288 --> 01:16:05,922 RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION 1256 01:16:05,922 --> 01:16:12,929 WHICH IS AS YOU IDENTIFY THIS 1257 01:16:12,929 --> 01:16:13,496 DRAMATIC INCREASE IN VARIED 1258 01:16:13,496 --> 01:16:14,164 ELEMENTS AND THIS WAS BASED ON 1259 01:16:14,164 --> 01:16:22,372 THE DATA YOU HAD ACCESS TO WHICH 1260 01:16:22,372 --> 01:16:23,006 WAS DIVERSE BUT STILL A FINITE 1261 01:16:23,006 --> 01:16:23,340 SITE OF DATA. 1262 01:16:23,340 --> 01:16:24,241 WHAT IS YOUR EXPECTATION AS HOW 1263 01:16:24,241 --> 01:16:26,610 MANY MORE TYPES OF DATA WOULD BE 1264 01:16:26,610 --> 01:16:32,148 USEFUL TO LOOK AT AND YOU 1265 01:16:32,148 --> 01:16:36,519 MENTIONED JUST NOW DIFFERENT 1266 01:16:36,519 --> 01:16:37,487 ENVIRONMENTS IN TERMS OF THE 1267 01:16:37,487 --> 01:16:40,757 AMOUNT OF DATA, WHAT IS THE 1268 01:16:40,757 --> 01:16:42,659 SCALE YOU'RE LOOKING AT AND HOW 1269 01:16:42,659 --> 01:16:44,194 HARD IS IT TO ASSEMBLE THE DATA 1270 01:16:44,194 --> 01:16:48,798 SETS? 1271 01:16:48,798 --> 01:16:50,166 >> THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION. 1272 01:16:50,166 --> 01:17:00,243 THERE'S A BUNCH OF THEM. 1273 01:17:00,243 --> 01:17:10,787 HERE WE HAVE EFFECT I THINK WE 1274 01:17:14,224 --> 01:17:24,067 CAN DEVELOP EFFECTIVE METHODS 1275 01:17:24,067 --> 01:17:34,611 AND I THINK AND COMING BACK TO 1276 01:17:38,248 --> 01:17:44,187 DR. SCHEUERMANN IT'S OF COURSE 1277 01:17:44,187 --> 01:17:51,394 IMPORTANT TO EXPLORE 1278 01:17:51,394 --> 01:17:54,030 TRANSCRIPTOMES AND HERE THEY'RE 1279 01:17:54,030 --> 01:17:56,800 STILL LAGGING BEHIND A LOT AND 1280 01:17:56,800 --> 01:17:58,835 NEEDS TO BE DONE AND EVEN IN THE 1281 01:17:58,835 --> 01:18:04,808 WORK WE HAVE DONE AS I 1282 01:18:04,808 --> 01:18:10,714 MENTIONED, THERE ARE PROBABLY 1283 01:18:10,714 --> 01:18:12,048 SEVERAL WHERE WE'RE TRYING TO BE 1284 01:18:12,048 --> 01:18:15,785 VERY SURE WE KNOW WHAT WE'RE 1285 01:18:15,785 --> 01:18:16,653 LOOKING. 1286 01:18:16,653 --> 01:18:21,057 BUT THERE'S AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT 1287 01:18:21,057 --> 01:18:25,161 OF DATA AND WE'RE LOOKING RIGHT 1288 01:18:25,161 --> 01:18:28,098 NOW AND WE HAVE OBSERVATIONS 1289 01:18:28,098 --> 01:18:32,802 WITH INTERESTING DISCOVERIES 1290 01:18:32,802 --> 01:18:36,806 WILL BE MADE. 1291 01:18:36,806 --> 01:18:40,410 SO, IT'S SORT OF DOUBLE EVEN IN 1292 01:18:40,410 --> 01:18:44,814 WHAT WE HAVE THERE IS STILL A 1293 01:18:44,814 --> 01:18:48,818 LOT TO DIG IN AND THEY'LL BE 1294 01:18:48,818 --> 01:18:51,354 INTERESTING FOR SURE. 1295 01:18:51,354 --> 01:18:55,325 BUT THERE'S ROOM FOR OR SO. 1296 01:18:55,325 --> 01:19:05,568 >> THANK YOU. 1297 01:19:12,008 --> 01:19:14,811 >> I DON'T KNOW -- IS IT OKAY IF 1298 01:19:14,811 --> 01:19:16,346 I ASK A QUESTION? 1299 01:19:16,346 --> 01:19:18,081 >> GO AHEAD. 1300 01:19:18,081 --> 01:19:24,354 >> HI, EUGENE, EXCELLENT TALK AS 1301 01:19:24,354 --> 01:19:24,587 ALWAYS. 1302 01:19:24,587 --> 01:19:31,661 NICE SEEING YOU THERE. 1303 01:19:31,661 --> 01:19:35,965 MY QUESTION IS IF YOU WERE TO 1304 01:19:35,965 --> 01:19:37,634 PREDICT WHAT WILL BE THE NEXT 1305 01:19:37,634 --> 01:19:39,869 NOBEL PRIZE IN YOUR AREA, WHAT 1306 01:19:39,869 --> 01:19:43,139 DO YOU THINK WOULD BE THE MAJOR 1307 01:19:43,139 --> 01:19:45,775 DISCOVERY AND HOW YOUR TEAM HAD 1308 01:19:45,775 --> 01:19:53,783 HELP TO DO THAT. 1309 01:19:53,783 --> 01:19:59,222 >> THAT'S AN IMPORTANT QUESTION. 1310 01:19:59,222 --> 01:20:04,427 THE NEXT NOBEL PRIZE IN MY 1311 01:20:04,427 --> 01:20:06,563 FIELD -- OKAY, LET ME SAY 1312 01:20:06,563 --> 01:20:08,798 SOMETHING THAT MAY NOT BE 1313 01:20:08,798 --> 01:20:14,204 DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE RESEARCH 1314 01:20:14,204 --> 01:20:24,581 BUT ACTUALLY -- OKAY. 1315 01:20:25,081 --> 01:20:32,722 I SEE IN MY OPINION SOME ARE 1316 01:20:32,722 --> 01:20:33,256 NOBEL WORTH. 1317 01:20:33,256 --> 01:20:38,428 SOME IS MRAET GENOMICS AND 1318 01:20:38,428 --> 01:20:38,895 TRANSCRIPTOMICS. 1319 01:20:38,895 --> 01:20:43,700 I FIND IT A BIT SCANDALOUS THAT 1320 01:20:43,700 --> 01:20:46,102 THESE ARE REVOLUTIONARY HAVE NOT 1321 01:20:46,102 --> 01:20:56,479 BEEN AWARDED JUST YET. 1322 01:20:57,447 --> 01:21:07,924 IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO LOOK AT 1323 01:21:08,291 --> 01:21:10,760 PRINCIPLE AND THERE'S 1324 01:21:10,760 --> 01:21:11,394 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1325 01:21:11,394 --> 01:21:16,599 STRUCTURE AND THE DIVERSITY OF 1326 01:21:16,599 --> 01:21:20,236 THE VIRUS WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED 1327 01:21:20,236 --> 01:21:23,439 IN THE LAST FEW YEARS INCLUDIN 1328 01:21:23,439 --> 01:21:26,242 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 1329 01:21:26,242 --> 01:21:31,915 COMPREHENSIVE TAXONOMY. 1330 01:21:31,915 --> 01:21:40,256 BUT THEN IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT 1331 01:21:40,256 --> 01:21:45,728 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND JUST THIS 1332 01:21:45,728 --> 01:21:52,802 YEAR THE NOBEL PRIZE IN 1333 01:21:52,802 --> 01:22:02,245 CHEMISTRY AND AT THE SAME TIME 1334 01:22:02,245 --> 01:22:09,452 THE DEVELOPMENT FOR SEQUENCE AND 1335 01:22:09,452 --> 01:22:19,896 THIS IS A BIT PARADOXICAL. 1336 01:22:20,697 --> 01:22:27,437 >> THANK YOU. 1337 01:22:27,437 --> 01:22:29,672 >> JOHN, DO YOU WANT TO ASK YOUR 1338 01:22:29,672 --> 01:22:31,774 QUESTION NOW OR WAIT UNTIL THE 1339 01:22:31,774 --> 01:22:33,843 CLOSED SESSION? 1340 01:22:33,843 --> 01:22:37,447 >> I CAN ASK MAYBE IT'S OFF 1341 01:22:37,447 --> 01:22:39,115 TOPIC BUT I WAS INTERESTED WHEN 1342 01:22:39,115 --> 01:22:40,416 YOU TALKED ABOUT USING 1343 01:22:40,416 --> 01:22:42,051 STATISTICAL MECHANICAL APPROACH 1344 01:22:42,051 --> 01:22:45,955 TO COMING UP WITH A GENERALIZED 1345 01:22:45,955 --> 01:22:48,224 THEORY FOR EVOLUTION. 1346 01:22:48,224 --> 01:22:50,126 AND A GENERALIZED VERSION OF THE 1347 01:22:50,126 --> 01:22:52,362 CENTRAL DOGMA AND IF IT'S NOT 1348 01:22:52,362 --> 01:22:53,863 TOO MUCH OFF TOPIC IF YOU HAVE A 1349 01:22:53,863 --> 01:22:56,232 FEW MOMENTS TO COMMENT ON THAT. 1350 01:22:56,232 --> 01:23:04,240 >> YES, OF COURSE. 1351 01:23:04,240 --> 01:23:10,947 I'M ALSO APPRECIATE IIVE OF THE 1352 01:23:10,947 --> 01:23:11,247 OPPORTUNITY. 1353 01:23:11,247 --> 01:23:16,386 I'M VERY INTERESTED IN THE 1354 01:23:16,386 --> 01:23:23,593 THEORY AND ONCE THESE HAVE 1355 01:23:23,593 --> 01:23:28,798 DEVELOPED IN THE LAST TWO, THREE 1356 01:23:28,798 --> 01:23:34,203 YEARS IS A GENERAL FRAMEWORK 1357 01:23:34,203 --> 01:23:44,047 THAT IS BASED ON AS A MOTIVE OF 1358 01:23:44,047 --> 01:23:46,049 MACHINE LEARNING THEORY AND 1359 01:23:46,049 --> 01:23:51,421 EVOLUTIONARY FIELD. 1360 01:23:51,421 --> 01:23:56,059 THE IDEA OF THE ANALOGY BETWEEN 1361 01:23:56,059 --> 01:23:59,362 EVOLUTION AND DYNAMICS GOES BACK 1362 01:23:59,362 --> 01:24:04,534 TO 1930s. 1363 01:24:04,534 --> 01:24:13,810 BUT THAT WAS VERY SYSTEMATICALLY 1364 01:24:13,810 --> 01:24:20,249 WITH A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP 1365 01:24:20,249 --> 01:24:23,319 BETWEEN KEY VARIABLES AND LOOK 1366 01:24:23,319 --> 01:24:30,126 AT ENTROPY AND TEMPERATURE IN 1367 01:24:30,126 --> 01:24:36,799 EVOLUTIONARY POTENTIAL IN 1368 01:24:36,799 --> 01:24:37,767 EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMS. 1369 01:24:37,767 --> 01:24:48,311 AND WE HAVE IT AS A PROCESS OF 1370 01:24:48,878 --> 01:24:52,081 MULTILEVEL WHICH APPLIES NOT 1371 01:24:52,081 --> 01:24:59,088 ONLY TO BIOLOGY BUT TO VARIOUS 1372 01:24:59,088 --> 01:25:03,493 FORMS IN THE UNIT. 1373 01:25:03,493 --> 01:25:08,264 THERE'S MORE SELECTION FOR 1374 01:25:08,264 --> 01:25:15,605 STABILITY AND IT'S STILL 1375 01:25:15,605 --> 01:25:16,439 APPLICABLE. 1376 01:25:16,439 --> 01:25:19,575 SO RESEARCH IS YOU THINK OF 1377 01:25:19,575 --> 01:25:24,347 DIRECT RELEVANCE FOR TRYING TO 1378 01:25:24,347 --> 01:25:27,049 UNDERSTAND THE ORIGIN AT A 1379 01:25:27,049 --> 01:25:30,453 THEORETICAL LEVEL WITH RESPECT 1380 01:25:30,453 --> 01:25:34,924 TO THE CENTRAL DOGMA TO KEEP 1381 01:25:34,924 --> 01:25:43,199 UNMIND IS A KEY GENERALIZATION 1382 01:25:43,199 --> 01:25:44,300 OF THE INFORMATION WHICH IS 1383 01:25:44,300 --> 01:25:52,809 DERIVED. 1384 01:25:52,809 --> 01:26:00,716 WHAT WE SHOW HERE IS A 1385 01:26:00,716 --> 01:26:09,492 REQUIREMENT FOR A QUICK TRANSFER 1386 01:26:09,492 --> 01:26:12,829 OF INFORMATION FROM THE 1387 01:26:12,829 --> 01:26:23,239 ENVIRONMENT AND FLOW OF 1388 01:26:24,407 --> 01:26:25,608 INFORMATION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL 1389 01:26:25,608 --> 01:26:31,814 CUES OPPOSED TO THE MUCH SLOWER 1390 01:26:31,814 --> 01:26:35,184 SYMMETRICAL FLOW OF INFORMATION 1391 01:26:35,184 --> 01:26:40,489 FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO THE 1392 01:26:40,489 --> 01:26:44,293 ORGANISM THROUGH MUTATION AND 1393 01:26:44,293 --> 01:26:53,970 SELECTION WHICH THE SYMMETRY IS 1394 01:26:53,970 --> 01:26:57,306 NECESSARY AS A STABLE MEMORY IS 1395 01:26:57,306 --> 01:27:00,243 ESSENTIAL FOR SUCH EVOLUTION. 1396 01:27:00,243 --> 01:27:00,576 >> THANK YOU. 1397 01:27:00,576 --> 01:27:04,480 >> THANKS, THAT WAS GREAT. 1398 01:27:04,480 --> 01:27:06,616 SINCE WE ARE A LITTLE BIT BEHIND 1399 01:27:06,616 --> 01:27:09,118 SCHEDULE AT THIS POINT, WHAT I 1400 01:27:09,118 --> 01:27:11,153 WOULD PROPOSE IS WE SWITCH TO 1401 01:27:11,153 --> 01:27:12,822 THE CLOSED POSTER SESSION WITH 1402 01:27:12,822 --> 01:27:15,825 THE POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS AND FOR 1403 01:27:15,825 --> 01:27:19,128 OTHERS, WE WILL RETURN FOR THE 1404 01:27:19,128 --> 01:27:20,796 CLOSED SESSION WITH DR. KOONIN 1405 01:27:20,796 --> 01:27:26,661 NOT AT 12:50 BUT AT 1:00. 1406 01:27:26,661 --> 01:27:27,996 SO, WELCOME BACK EVERYBODY 1407 01:27:27,996 --> 01:27:31,833 WE'RE NOW RECONVENING THE PUBLIC 1408 01:27:31,833 --> 01:27:34,969 SESSION FOR DR. PRZYTYCKA'S 1409 01:27:34,969 --> 01:27:37,071 PRESENTATION AND I'LL TURN IT 1410 01:27:37,071 --> 01:27:40,875 OVER TO YOU. 1411 01:27:40,875 --> 01:27:51,119 >> LOOKS GOOD. 1412 01:27:59,827 --> 01:28:10,238 >> YOU'RE ON MUTE, HOWEVER. 1413 01:28:19,314 --> 01:28:21,049 >> WE'RE SEEING YOUR LIPS MOVE 1414 01:28:21,049 --> 01:28:21,282 BUT -- 1415 01:28:21,282 --> 01:28:25,286 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1416 01:28:25,286 --> 01:28:29,057 NOW WE CAN HEAR YOU AND SEE YOU 1417 01:28:29,057 --> 01:28:30,058 AND SEE THE SLIDES. 1418 01:28:30,058 --> 01:28:31,326 >> NOT THE PRESENTATION? 1419 01:28:31,326 --> 01:28:33,061 >> I SEE THE FULL SLIDE NOT THE 1420 01:28:33,061 --> 01:28:33,428 PRESENTER VIEW. 1421 01:28:33,428 --> 01:28:36,564 >> OKAY. 1422 01:28:36,564 --> 01:28:38,166 GREAT, THANK YOU. 1423 01:28:38,166 --> 01:28:39,367 SO GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 1424 01:28:39,367 --> 01:28:45,073 IT'S MY PLEASURE TO PRESENT TO 1425 01:28:45,073 --> 01:28:46,841 THE BSC COMMITTEE THE GROUP IN 1426 01:28:46,841 --> 01:28:48,343 THE LAST FOUR YEARS. 1427 01:28:48,343 --> 01:28:55,817 MY GROUP WORKING ON METHODS IN 1428 01:28:55,817 --> 01:28:56,985 COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS 1429 01:28:56,985 --> 01:29:06,627 BIOLOGY AND CURRENTLY WE HAVE 1430 01:29:06,627 --> 01:29:09,564 SIX GROUP MEMBERS ON DIFFERENT 1431 01:29:09,564 --> 01:29:13,101 CAREER LEVELS INCLUDING TWO 1432 01:29:13,101 --> 01:29:21,075 STAFF SCIENTISTS, HERE ONE 1433 01:29:21,075 --> 01:29:23,277 GRADUATE AND ONE POST-BAC AND 1434 01:29:23,277 --> 01:29:26,381 OTHER WORK CONTRIBUTED TO THE 1435 01:29:26,381 --> 01:29:27,148 CONVERSATION. 1436 01:29:27,148 --> 01:29:31,686 THREES FOCUS ON DEVELOPING NOVEL 1437 01:29:31,686 --> 01:29:33,688 ALGORITHMS TO ADDRESS BIOLOGICAL 1438 01:29:33,688 --> 01:29:35,590 QUESTIONS AND WORK ON ANALYSIS 1439 01:29:35,590 --> 01:29:36,591 AND DATA. 1440 01:29:36,591 --> 01:29:38,793 AND TODAY I'M GOING TO FOCUS MY 1441 01:29:38,793 --> 01:29:42,797 PRESENTATION ON TOPICS RELATED 1442 01:29:42,797 --> 01:29:47,402 TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MUE 1443 01:29:47,402 --> 01:29:50,238 -- MUTAGENIC SIGNATURES AND IN 1444 01:29:50,238 --> 01:29:52,140 THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTION. 1445 01:29:52,140 --> 01:29:55,943 TO SET THE CONTEXT THE CURRENT 1446 01:29:55,943 --> 01:29:58,379 UNDERSTANDING OF THE EVOLUTION 1447 01:29:58,379 --> 01:30:00,782 IS TUMOR EVOLVE SO-CALLED TUMOR 1448 01:30:00,782 --> 01:30:06,687 INITIATING CELL IS THE CELL THAT 1449 01:30:06,687 --> 01:30:10,158 OBTAINS THROUGH CANCER DRIVING 1450 01:30:10,158 --> 01:30:14,529 MUTATION GROWS ADVANTAGE AND 1451 01:30:14,529 --> 01:30:17,098 BECOMES A CELL THAT DIVIDES 1452 01:30:17,098 --> 01:30:24,238 MAYBE OBTAINING MUTATION AND 1453 01:30:24,238 --> 01:30:29,043 GIVING RISE AND ALSO ALSO 1454 01:30:29,043 --> 01:30:32,180 EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND OTHER 1455 01:30:32,180 --> 01:30:36,084 TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES MAY LEAD 1456 01:30:36,084 --> 01:30:38,886 TO NEW. 1457 01:30:38,886 --> 01:30:40,788 WUNLZ THAT INTERACT WITH THE 1458 01:30:40,788 --> 01:30:45,059 ENVIRONMENT AND THE 1459 01:30:45,059 --> 01:30:45,393 IMMUNOSYSTEM. 1460 01:30:45,393 --> 01:30:48,563 IN ADDITION TO THE GROWING TUMOR 1461 01:30:48,563 --> 01:30:51,466 THE CELL ACCUMULATE ALSO 1462 01:30:51,466 --> 01:30:52,200 MUTATION. 1463 01:30:52,200 --> 01:30:53,868 AND AMONG THE CELLS ALL CELLS 1464 01:30:53,868 --> 01:30:57,038 ARE SUBJECT TO MUTAGENIC 1465 01:30:57,038 --> 01:30:58,773 PROCESSES RELATED TO 1466 01:30:58,773 --> 01:30:59,073 ENVIRONMENT. 1467 01:30:59,073 --> 01:31:06,247 SOMETIMES DURING TUMOR 1468 01:31:06,247 --> 01:31:09,050 PROGRESSION, ACQUIRED DNA 1469 01:31:09,050 --> 01:31:13,087 DEFICIENCY WHICH IS A NUMBER OF 1470 01:31:13,087 --> 01:31:17,058 MUTATION AND ADDITIONAL 1471 01:31:17,058 --> 01:31:19,393 TREATMENT SUCH AS CHEMOTHERAPY 1472 01:31:19,393 --> 01:31:22,396 ALSO INTRODUCE ADDITIONAL 1473 01:31:22,396 --> 01:31:22,930 MUTATIONS. 1474 01:31:22,930 --> 01:31:25,066 SO TODAY I'LL START MY 1475 01:31:25,066 --> 01:31:27,802 PRESENTATION BY TALKING ABOUT 1476 01:31:27,802 --> 01:31:32,607 OUR RESULT RELATED TO ADDITIONAL 1477 01:31:32,607 --> 01:31:33,841 PROCESSES AND SIGNATURE. 1478 01:31:33,841 --> 01:31:35,743 WE'LL MOVE TO METHOD TO LOOK AT 1479 01:31:35,743 --> 01:31:38,513 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TUMOR AND 1480 01:31:38,513 --> 01:31:38,813 ENVIRONMENT. 1481 01:31:38,813 --> 01:31:41,415 NEXT I'LL MENTION FRAMEWORK ON 1482 01:31:41,415 --> 01:31:42,683 ADAPTATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN 1483 01:31:42,683 --> 01:31:44,919 CLONAL EVOLUTION WITH 1484 01:31:44,919 --> 01:31:50,091 APPLICATION TO MELANOMA AND 1485 01:31:50,091 --> 01:31:56,731 BRIEFLY MENTION ANOTHER PROJECT. 1486 01:31:56,731 --> 01:31:57,532 THE. 1487 01:31:57,532 --> 01:32:01,068 AND I'LL MENTION THEM IN THE 1488 01:32:01,068 --> 01:32:06,941 PLACES WHERE THEY MOST NATURALLY 1489 01:32:06,941 --> 01:32:07,742 ACCOMPLISH AS SUCH. 1490 01:32:07,742 --> 01:32:09,043 I'LL START TO THE FIRST TOPIC 1491 01:32:09,043 --> 01:32:11,245 WHICH IS MUTATION PROCESSES AND 1492 01:32:11,245 --> 01:32:11,679 MUTATION SIGNATURE. 1493 01:32:11,679 --> 01:32:15,149 MY GROUP HAS BEEN WORKING ON 1494 01:32:15,149 --> 01:32:19,086 THIS FOR QUITE SOME TIME SO 1495 01:32:19,086 --> 01:32:21,055 TODAY I'LL JUST PRESENT RESULTS 1496 01:32:21,055 --> 01:32:25,793 FROM THE LAST FOUR YEARS. 1497 01:32:25,793 --> 01:32:29,063 SO, THOUGH MUTATION THE IDEA OF 1498 01:32:29,063 --> 01:32:30,665 MUTATIONAL SIGNATURE HAS BEEN 1499 01:32:30,665 --> 01:32:31,866 AROUND FOR SOME TIME AND MAY NOT 1500 01:32:31,866 --> 01:32:34,669 BE BROADLY KNOWN SO LET THE 1501 01:32:34,669 --> 01:32:35,770 START BY EXPLAINING THE CONCEPT. 1502 01:32:35,770 --> 01:32:38,372 IT'S BEEN APPRECIATED FOR A LONG 1503 01:32:38,372 --> 01:32:42,843 TIME SPECIFIC MUTAGENIC 1504 01:32:42,843 --> 01:32:48,516 PROCESSES LEAVE SPECIFIC IMPRINT 1505 01:32:48,516 --> 01:32:51,152 ON THE DNA OF THE GENOME. 1506 01:32:51,152 --> 01:32:54,155 FOR EXAMPLE, IT'S KNOWN TO 1507 01:32:54,155 --> 01:32:55,856 PARTICULAR MUTATION WHERE IT'S 1508 01:32:55,856 --> 01:32:58,226 PROCEEDED BY T. 1509 01:32:58,226 --> 01:33:04,131 SMOKING WILL HAVE A DIFFERENT 1510 01:33:04,131 --> 01:33:07,101 OUTCOME AND HAS A CHARACTERISTIC 1511 01:33:07,101 --> 01:33:07,468 PATTERN. 1512 01:33:07,468 --> 01:33:12,473 THIS LED TO AN IDEA THAT PERHAPS 1513 01:33:12,473 --> 01:33:14,075 WE CAN ASSOCIATION MUTATIONAL 1514 01:33:14,075 --> 01:33:15,443 SIGNATURES TO LOOK AT THE GENOME 1515 01:33:15,443 --> 01:33:17,912 AND LOOK AT THE SIGNATURES AND 1516 01:33:17,912 --> 01:33:20,047 UNDERSTAND SOMETHING ABOUT THE 1517 01:33:20,047 --> 01:33:21,048 MUTAGENIC PROCESSES THAT MIGHT 1518 01:33:21,048 --> 01:33:25,052 HAVE INFLUENCED THE CURRENT 1519 01:33:25,052 --> 01:33:33,060 STATE OF THE GENOME. 1520 01:33:33,060 --> 01:33:37,665 WE START WITH THE CATEGORY WHERE 1521 01:33:37,665 --> 01:33:38,899 MUTATION POSITION LEFT AND RIGHT 1522 01:33:38,899 --> 01:33:41,469 INTRODUCE THE CONTEXT. 1523 01:33:41,469 --> 01:33:42,870 SO IN THIS WAY OTHER MUTATION 1524 01:33:42,870 --> 01:33:46,073 CAN BE ASSIGNED TO ONE CATEGORY 1525 01:33:46,073 --> 01:33:47,875 UNLESS WE HAVE MUTATION 1526 01:33:47,875 --> 01:33:50,044 CATEGORIES WE DEFINE SIGNATURE 1527 01:33:50,044 --> 01:33:55,449 AS A DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATIONAL 1528 01:33:55,449 --> 01:33:58,386 CATEGORIES WITH CHARACTERISTIC 1529 01:33:58,386 --> 01:34:00,955 TO A MUTAGENIC PROCESS AND WE 1530 01:34:00,955 --> 01:34:01,989 HAVE SIGNATURE EXPOSURE. 1531 01:34:01,989 --> 01:34:03,658 LOOKING AT THE INDIVIDUAL 1532 01:34:03,658 --> 01:34:07,295 GENOME, WE CAN NOW ASSIGN 1533 01:34:07,295 --> 01:34:11,332 VARIOUS MUTATIONS TO VARIOUS 1534 01:34:11,332 --> 01:34:12,300 SIGNATURES AND THE NUMBER IN THE 1535 01:34:12,300 --> 01:34:14,869 GENOME ATTRIBUTED TO THE 1536 01:34:14,869 --> 01:34:17,071 DIFFERENT SIGNATURE IS CALLED 1537 01:34:17,071 --> 01:34:17,838 THE EXPOSURE. 1538 01:34:17,838 --> 01:34:23,110 SOMETIMES WITH THE NUMBER 1539 01:34:23,110 --> 01:34:23,611 PROPORTION. 1540 01:34:23,611 --> 01:34:28,816 HERE YOU HAVE THE UV LIGHT 1541 01:34:28,816 --> 01:34:30,217 SIGNATURE ONE THIS MUTATION. 1542 01:34:30,217 --> 01:34:32,253 WHY DO WE CARE? 1543 01:34:32,253 --> 01:34:33,921 WELL, WE ARE LOOKING THROUGH THE 1544 01:34:33,921 --> 01:34:36,190 LENSES OF THE MUTATIONAL 1545 01:34:36,190 --> 01:34:37,625 SIGNATURES HOPING TO UNDERSTAND 1546 01:34:37,625 --> 01:34:39,093 MUTAGENIC PROCESSES THAT HAPPEN 1547 01:34:39,093 --> 01:34:39,827 IN CANCER. 1548 01:34:39,827 --> 01:34:45,066 IN ADDITION, MUTATIONAL 1549 01:34:45,066 --> 01:34:46,600 SIGNATURE ON THE GENOME HAVE 1550 01:34:46,600 --> 01:34:50,538 SHOWN TO BE PREDICTIVE OF THE 1551 01:34:50,538 --> 01:34:54,742 RESPONSE TO THERAPY WHICH IS 1552 01:34:54,742 --> 01:34:55,643 ALSO IMPORTANT. 1553 01:34:55,643 --> 01:34:58,746 THE MUTATION SIGNATURES ARE 1554 01:34:58,746 --> 01:34:59,880 INFERRED COMPUTATIONALLY AND FOR 1555 01:34:59,880 --> 01:35:05,653 EACH GENOME WE SIMPLY HAVE 1556 01:35:05,653 --> 01:35:07,621 MUTATION CATEGORIES AND THE IDEA 1557 01:35:07,621 --> 01:35:15,162 IS SIMILAR TO MANY OTHER 1558 01:35:15,162 --> 01:35:17,765 COMPOSITION IDEA AND THE MATRIX 1559 01:35:17,765 --> 01:35:19,033 WHERE EVERY ROLE IS A SIGNATURE 1560 01:35:19,033 --> 01:35:22,136 AND THE SECOND IS THE MATTERS OF 1561 01:35:22,136 --> 01:35:22,403 EXPOSURES. 1562 01:35:22,403 --> 01:35:24,805 THERE ARE TWO MAIN WAYS OF 1563 01:35:24,805 --> 01:35:27,141 LOOKING AND UTILIZING THE 1564 01:35:27,141 --> 01:35:27,742 SIGNATURES IN THE APPLICATION. 1565 01:35:27,742 --> 01:35:33,581 ONE, WHEN WE HAVE NEW DATA WE 1566 01:35:33,581 --> 01:35:44,091 CAN USE LOOK AT THE EXPOSURES 1567 01:35:45,126 --> 01:35:45,693 A 1568 01:35:45,693 --> 01:35:47,395 AND REMEMBER WITH EFFORT TO 1569 01:35:47,395 --> 01:35:49,497 INFER DATA SIGNATURES OF THE 1570 01:35:49,497 --> 01:35:50,865 MUTATION SIGNATURES SO WE MAY 1571 01:35:50,865 --> 01:35:53,901 HAVE A NEW DATA SET WHERE WE 1572 01:35:53,901 --> 01:35:57,071 ASSUME MUTATION SIGNATURE ARE 1573 01:35:57,071 --> 01:35:58,105 KNOWN AND INFER. 1574 01:35:58,105 --> 01:36:01,075 THEN THE CHALLENGE IS RELATED TO 1575 01:36:01,075 --> 01:36:01,409 THIS RESEARCH. 1576 01:36:01,409 --> 01:36:03,811 ONE IS THAT WE HAVE THE 1577 01:36:03,811 --> 01:36:07,481 APPLICATION SIGNATURE 1578 01:36:07,481 --> 01:36:09,049 COMPUTATIONALLY AND MANY 1579 01:36:09,049 --> 01:36:11,419 SIGNATURES ARE UNKNOWN. 1580 01:36:11,419 --> 01:36:13,954 THERE'S ALSO A HIDDEN MODEL THE 1581 01:36:13,954 --> 01:36:16,157 ASSUMPTION THAT MUTATION 1582 01:36:16,157 --> 01:36:18,559 SIGNATURE AS A MUTATIONAL 1583 01:36:18,559 --> 01:36:20,528 PROCESSES ARE INDEPENDENT WHICH 1584 01:36:20,528 --> 01:36:23,230 IS AN OVER SIMPLIFICATION AND I 1585 01:36:23,230 --> 01:36:27,168 MENTIONED THE TWO APPROACHES TO 1586 01:36:27,168 --> 01:36:30,704 UTILIZE THE SIGNATURES BUT THERE 1587 01:36:30,704 --> 01:36:32,506 ARE EXAMPLES THAT NONE ASSUME 1588 01:36:32,506 --> 01:36:33,007 THE IDEA. 1589 01:36:33,007 --> 01:36:34,775 TO MOVE OUR RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT 1590 01:36:34,775 --> 01:36:36,143 WE'VE BEEN WORKING ON THIS TOPIC 1591 01:36:36,143 --> 01:36:38,212 MANY YEARS AND I WILL START WITH 1592 01:36:38,212 --> 01:36:43,584 THE CHALLENGE THAT WAS KIND OF 1593 01:36:43,584 --> 01:36:47,955 FOR SOME TIME IS HOW TO MODEL 1594 01:36:47,955 --> 01:36:53,027 THE MUTATIONAL PROCESSES NOT 1595 01:36:53,027 --> 01:37:02,436 INDEPENDENT. 1596 01:37:02,436 --> 01:37:05,072 WE FOCUS ON DNA DAMAGE AND 1597 01:37:05,072 --> 01:37:10,544 DEFICIENCY AND CAME UP WITH THE 1598 01:37:10,544 --> 01:37:10,978 FOLLOWING MODEL. 1599 01:37:10,978 --> 01:37:17,485 WE REPAIR THE DEFICIENCY 1600 01:37:17,485 --> 01:37:18,986 INDEPENDENTLY AND ASSUME THE 1601 01:37:18,986 --> 01:37:23,057 AMOUNT OF DNA DAMAGE WILL COME 1602 01:37:23,057 --> 01:37:25,059 FROM PROFESSIONS LIKE UV LIGHT 1603 01:37:25,059 --> 01:37:27,294 AND OTHER PROCESSES OF THIS 1604 01:37:27,294 --> 01:37:27,628 TYPE. 1605 01:37:27,628 --> 01:37:30,297 THEY FEED INTO THE DNA REPAIR 1606 01:37:30,297 --> 01:37:32,266 PROCESS AND IF THE DNA REPAIR 1607 01:37:32,266 --> 01:37:36,770 PROCESS IS DEFICIENT, IT WILL 1608 01:37:36,770 --> 01:37:38,672 AMPLIFY SOME OF THOSE MUTATION 1609 01:37:38,672 --> 01:37:39,974 IN A WAY DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE 1610 01:37:39,974 --> 01:37:43,911 OF DNA REPAIR. 1611 01:37:43,911 --> 01:37:45,613 USUALLY DON'T SEE THOSE AND SEE 1612 01:37:45,613 --> 01:37:48,883 THE FINAL RESULT SO THE QUESTION 1613 01:37:48,883 --> 01:37:51,418 IS CAN GIVEN THE MUTATIONAL 1614 01:37:51,418 --> 01:37:58,292 PROFILE OF A GENOME, CAN WE DO 1615 01:37:58,292 --> 01:37:59,827 DNA REPAIR AND MODEL AND WE CAME 1616 01:37:59,827 --> 01:38:02,162 UP WITH THE COMPOSITE MODEL 1617 01:38:02,162 --> 01:38:06,333 WHERE WE MODEL MUTATIONS IN TWO 1618 01:38:06,333 --> 01:38:06,967 STEPS. 1619 01:38:06,967 --> 01:38:09,937 ONE IS THE PRIMARY PRESUMED TO 1620 01:38:09,937 --> 01:38:10,771 BE INDEPENDENT AND THEN THE 1621 01:38:10,771 --> 01:38:13,974 SECOND PROCESSES RELATED TO THE 1622 01:38:13,974 --> 01:38:15,643 DNA DAMAGE SO THE MODEL BY 1623 01:38:15,643 --> 01:38:21,048 CHANGING THE RESULT OF THE 1624 01:38:21,048 --> 01:38:24,084 PRIMARY PROCESSES. 1625 01:38:24,084 --> 01:38:27,054 NOW WE HAVE PARAMETERS AND 1626 01:38:27,054 --> 01:38:35,262 MOVING PARTS BUT LET ME JUMP TO 1627 01:38:35,262 --> 01:38:37,064 GO TO EVALUATIONS OF THIS 1628 01:38:37,064 --> 01:38:44,872 APPROACH THAT WORK. 1629 01:38:44,872 --> 01:38:48,909 WE LOOKED AT SIGNATURES IN 1630 01:38:48,909 --> 01:38:54,648 BREAST CANCER AND SUSPECTED THE 1631 01:38:54,648 --> 01:38:59,286 SIGNATURES IN ONE IS PART OF THE 1632 01:38:59,286 --> 01:39:03,190 MODELS AND CAN REPLACE THE FOUR 1633 01:39:03,190 --> 01:39:07,628 MUTATIONAL SIGNATURE AND GET 1634 01:39:07,628 --> 01:39:12,800 EVEN BETTER SMALLER 1635 01:39:12,800 --> 01:39:14,902 APPROXIMATION AND FOR THE 1636 01:39:14,902 --> 01:39:17,071 EXPERIMENTAL SIGNATURES WE CAN 1637 01:39:17,071 --> 01:39:20,207 CONFER OUR SIGNATURE IS SIMILAR 1638 01:39:20,207 --> 01:39:21,175 TO THIS ONE. 1639 01:39:21,175 --> 01:39:28,248 THIS IS THE FORMAL MODEL OF THE 1640 01:39:28,248 --> 01:39:32,453 DNA DAMAGE REPAIR AND MODEL THE 1641 01:39:32,453 --> 01:39:34,922 PROCESSES ON THE GENOMES WHICH 1642 01:39:34,922 --> 01:39:35,522 WILL NOT DISCUSS TODAY. 1643 01:39:35,522 --> 01:39:37,424 HOWEVER, I'D LIKE TO MOVE TO THE 1644 01:39:37,424 --> 01:39:40,127 SECOND CHALLENGE I MENTIONED. 1645 01:39:40,127 --> 01:39:45,032 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 1646 01:39:45,032 --> 01:39:46,367 PROFESSIONS INTO THOSE NOT 1647 01:39:46,367 --> 01:39:51,438 UNDERSTAND FOR SIGNATURE. 1648 01:39:51,438 --> 01:39:58,545 HOW CAN WE CHANGE THE FELT THE 1649 01:39:58,545 --> 01:40:00,147 BEST INFORMATION OBTAINED IS TO 1650 01:40:00,147 --> 01:40:03,117 SEE HOW THE MUTATIONAL 1651 01:40:03,117 --> 01:40:08,055 SIGNATURES INTERACT WITH 1652 01:40:08,055 --> 01:40:13,093 MOLECULAR PATHWAYS IN PARTICULAR 1653 01:40:13,093 --> 01:40:13,560 TYPES. 1654 01:40:13,560 --> 01:40:18,666 THE IDEA OF THE WORK WAS TO 1655 01:40:18,666 --> 01:40:19,433 REPRESENT THE INTERACTION 1656 01:40:19,433 --> 01:40:22,603 BETWEEN SIGNATURES AND GENE 1657 01:40:22,603 --> 01:40:25,172 EXPRESSION USING A DIRECT GRAPH. 1658 01:40:25,172 --> 01:40:31,078 AND THE UNDERPINNING WHY WE CAN 1659 01:40:31,078 --> 01:40:34,748 DO IS TO CONSIDER TYPES SAY 1660 01:40:34,748 --> 01:40:40,487 BREAST CANCER WITH EVERY GENE WE 1661 01:40:40,487 --> 01:40:41,455 CAN ASSOCIATE GENE EXPRESSION 1662 01:40:41,455 --> 01:40:43,157 AND ACROSS THE SAME COHORT OF 1663 01:40:43,157 --> 01:40:45,059 PATIENTS WE CAN ASSOCIATION THE 1664 01:40:45,059 --> 01:40:47,961 SIGNATURES EXPOSURES. 1665 01:40:47,961 --> 01:40:53,801 THOUGH WE HAVE TWO TYPES, MOST 1666 01:40:53,801 --> 01:40:55,703 CAN BE CHARACTERIZED ACROSS 1667 01:40:55,703 --> 01:40:55,969 PATIENTS. 1668 01:40:55,969 --> 01:41:02,710 WE CAN USE THE METHODS RELATED 1669 01:41:02,710 --> 01:41:09,049 TO THE NETWORK TO CONSTRUCT THE 1670 01:41:09,049 --> 01:41:19,693 DATA AND SPECIFIC METHODS AND 1671 01:41:19,693 --> 01:41:25,065 THERE'S ADDITIONAL MATRIX AND I 1672 01:41:25,065 --> 01:41:28,168 WON'T GO TO THE ADDITIONAL 1673 01:41:28,168 --> 01:41:29,036 TREATMENT DEVELOPED BUT YOU CAN 1674 01:41:29,036 --> 01:41:30,537 ASK ABOUT IT. 1675 01:41:30,537 --> 01:41:33,073 HERE'S THE RESULT FOR THE 1676 01:41:33,073 --> 01:41:37,044 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NETWORK 1677 01:41:37,044 --> 01:41:40,881 FROM BREAST CANCER. 1678 01:41:40,881 --> 01:41:42,950 S THIS OF THIS IS FOCUSSED ON 1679 01:41:42,950 --> 01:41:47,020 THE MUTATIONAL SIGNATURE AND THE 1680 01:41:47,020 --> 01:41:50,958 GENES DIRECTING ADDED INTO OR 1681 01:41:50,958 --> 01:41:55,129 OUT OF THE SIGNATURES AND 1682 01:41:55,129 --> 01:41:56,930 THERE'S AN INFORMATION WE CAN 1683 01:41:56,930 --> 01:42:00,167 INFER FROM THAT AND WE FOCUS DID 1684 01:42:00,167 --> 01:42:02,369 WE EXPLAIN OPTIMIZATION AND 1685 01:42:02,369 --> 01:42:03,203 SIGNATURES AND WE DID. 1686 01:42:03,203 --> 01:42:07,908 AND WHEN WE LOOK AT THE 1687 01:42:07,908 --> 01:42:12,846 SIGNATURE WE COULD SEE THE DOWN 1688 01:42:12,846 --> 01:42:15,015 REGULATION OF GENES ARE IN THE 1689 01:42:15,015 --> 01:42:15,415 REPAIR PATHWAYS. 1690 01:42:15,415 --> 01:42:21,889 THERE'S ONE INTRIGUING QUESTION 1691 01:42:21,889 --> 01:42:26,560 THERE'S A MODEL OF THE SIGNATURE 1692 01:42:26,560 --> 01:42:36,837 ESPECIALLY WITH THE MUTATION. 1693 01:42:36,837 --> 01:42:45,045 WE COULD INFER THAT THIS IS A 1694 01:42:45,045 --> 01:42:48,415 COMBINATION WHICH IS A PRIMARY 1695 01:42:48,415 --> 01:42:52,519 SOURCE OF THE SIGNATURE IN 1696 01:42:52,519 --> 01:42:54,888 BREAST CANCER AND IT'S ATTACKING 1697 01:42:54,888 --> 01:43:03,163 THE SINGLE STRANDED DNA SO WE 1698 01:43:03,163 --> 01:43:06,633 HAVE A NEW METHOD AND TESTED 1699 01:43:06,633 --> 01:43:11,438 PREVIOUS METHODS FOR THE TASK 1700 01:43:11,438 --> 01:43:16,443 AND ALSO THE PARTICULAR 1701 01:43:16,443 --> 01:43:18,645 SUGGESTION WAS THE SIGNATURE AND 1702 01:43:18,645 --> 01:43:20,080 THERE ARE OTHER QUESTIONS AS WE 1703 01:43:20,080 --> 01:43:24,084 WOULD LIKE TO ANSWER. 1704 01:43:24,084 --> 01:43:25,986 ONE IS THIS AS WE WORK IN THE 1705 01:43:25,986 --> 01:43:29,089 AREA WE REALIZE THERE ARE CASES 1706 01:43:29,089 --> 01:43:37,064 THAT EITHER DE NOVO APPROACH IS 1707 01:43:37,064 --> 01:43:38,932 GOOD. 1708 01:43:38,932 --> 01:43:41,301 WE SUSPECT IT MAY CON TOWN A NEW 1709 01:43:41,301 --> 01:43:42,536 SIGNATURE BUT THE SIZE OF THE 1710 01:43:42,536 --> 01:43:46,039 DATA SET IS NOT BIG ENOUGH TO 1711 01:43:46,039 --> 01:43:48,709 UNLEASH DE NOVO SIGNATURE 1712 01:43:48,709 --> 01:43:49,776 DISCOVERY. 1713 01:43:49,776 --> 01:43:52,546 WORKING ON THE COMBINED APPROACH 1714 01:43:52,546 --> 01:43:57,050 WE CAN TAKE THE BENEFIT OF BOTH 1715 01:43:57,050 --> 01:43:59,219 AND BEING ABLE TO ADDRESS THE 1716 01:43:59,219 --> 01:44:01,021 NOVEL SIGNATURE EVEN WHEN THE 1717 01:44:01,021 --> 01:44:02,456 DATA SET'S NOT HERE. 1718 01:44:02,456 --> 01:44:07,928 THE SECOND THING SHE'S WORKING 1719 01:44:07,928 --> 01:44:09,496 ON IS TO LEVERAGE THE MODELS TO 1720 01:44:09,496 --> 01:44:15,202 START THE MUTATION SIGNATURE AND 1721 01:44:15,202 --> 01:44:19,206 OTHER APPROACHES AND IN 1722 01:44:19,206 --> 01:44:20,307 COLLABORATION WITH THE LAB. 1723 01:44:20,307 --> 01:44:23,210 NOW I'D LIKE TO MOVE TO THE 1724 01:44:23,210 --> 01:44:25,045 SECOND ASPECT OF OUR STUDIES 1725 01:44:25,045 --> 01:44:27,180 RELATED TOE TUMOR EVOLUTION 1726 01:44:27,180 --> 01:44:29,716 WHICH IS WHAT IS THE RELATION OF 1727 01:44:29,716 --> 01:44:35,622 THE TUMOR AND ENVIRONMENT. 1728 01:44:35,622 --> 01:44:44,665 AND THE FIRST THE RELATIONSHIP 1729 01:44:44,665 --> 01:44:55,175 TO THE GREEN ADJACENT IS AND 1730 01:44:56,944 --> 01:44:58,946 THERE'S A TUMOR ALTERATION TO 1731 01:44:58,946 --> 01:45:02,482 THE ADJACENT TISSUE CAN 1732 01:45:02,482 --> 01:45:03,450 CONTRIBUTE TO CANCER. 1733 01:45:03,450 --> 01:45:08,789 AND WE STARTED THIS TISSUE IN 1734 01:45:08,789 --> 01:45:12,492 THE CONTEXT OF IMPACT OF SMOKING 1735 01:45:12,492 --> 01:45:19,366 AND CAN SEE IT HAS CAUSED THIS 1736 01:45:19,366 --> 01:45:20,500 TISSUE. 1737 01:45:20,500 --> 01:45:25,072 AND THE QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE 1738 01:45:25,072 --> 01:45:31,378 RELATIONSHIP AND WHAT CAUSES THE 1739 01:45:31,378 --> 01:45:37,050 DIVISION OF THE ASSUMPTION THAT 1740 01:45:37,050 --> 01:45:43,657 THE NORMAL TISSUE IS CLOSER TO 1741 01:45:43,657 --> 01:45:44,658 TUMOR EXPECTED BY CHANCE? 1742 01:45:44,658 --> 01:45:48,595 IN TRYING TO ADDRESS THE SOURCE 1743 01:45:48,595 --> 01:45:53,033 OF THE RELATIONSHIP AGAIN THIS 1744 01:45:53,033 --> 01:46:00,574 IS REALLY IF TISSUE HAS CANCER 1745 01:46:00,574 --> 01:46:04,511 PROGRESSION WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO 1746 01:46:04,511 --> 01:46:07,881 PREDICT THE EXPRESSION OF TUMOR 1747 01:46:07,881 --> 01:46:12,953 GENES FROM THE EXPRESSION OF THE 1748 01:46:12,953 --> 01:46:19,659 GENES IN THIS NORMAL TISSUE OR 1749 01:46:19,659 --> 01:46:20,394 CONTROL SAMPLE. 1750 01:46:20,394 --> 01:46:27,200 HE OPTIMALIZED THE PREDICTIVE 1751 01:46:27,200 --> 01:46:32,072 POWER TO PREDICT THE GENES IN 1752 01:46:32,072 --> 01:46:33,140 THE TUMOR. 1753 01:46:33,140 --> 01:46:37,044 WE DIDN'T ATTEMPT TO PREDICT ALL 1754 01:46:37,044 --> 01:46:38,879 JUST THOSE DIFFERENTIALLY 1755 01:46:38,879 --> 01:46:40,247 EXPRESSED IN TUMOR AND NORMAL. 1756 01:46:40,247 --> 01:46:42,382 NOT ALL COULD BE PREDICTED. 1757 01:46:42,382 --> 01:46:49,056 NOT ALL THE GENES IN THE TISSUE 1758 01:46:49,056 --> 01:46:54,027 WERE AND ALLOWED US TO 1759 01:46:54,027 --> 01:46:59,099 UNDERSTAND WHO IS PREDICTING AND 1760 01:46:59,099 --> 01:47:03,203 THE GENES THAT PREDICTING CELL 1761 01:47:03,203 --> 01:47:07,541 TO CELL SIGNALLING AND 1762 01:47:07,541 --> 01:47:09,042 SIGNALLING AND OTHER ARE RELATED 1763 01:47:09,042 --> 01:47:13,346 TO RESPONSE OF ENVIRONMENT. 1764 01:47:13,346 --> 01:47:18,585 IT LED US TO CONCLUDE THE 1765 01:47:18,585 --> 01:47:19,719 RELATIONSHIP OF THOSE TISSUE ARE 1766 01:47:19,719 --> 01:47:23,390 MOSTLY DUE IT THE FACT THEY'RE 1767 01:47:23,390 --> 01:47:24,658 EXPOSED TO THE SAME ENVIRONMENT 1768 01:47:24,658 --> 01:47:26,026 AND SOME IS ALSO TUMOR 1769 01:47:26,026 --> 01:47:27,227 ENVIRONMENT THAT IS BEING 1770 01:47:27,227 --> 01:47:31,598 CREATED BY TUMOR. 1771 01:47:31,598 --> 01:47:41,041 WE HAVE A NEW METHOD ASSIGNMENT 1772 01:47:41,041 --> 01:47:42,142 PREDICTION SUGGESTED CUT TO THE 1773 01:47:42,142 --> 01:47:44,144 CASE THE IMPACT OF THE 1774 01:47:44,144 --> 01:47:45,112 ENVIRONMENT AND INTERESTINGLY 1775 01:47:45,112 --> 01:47:50,050 MANY OF THOSE PREDICTION WE HAD 1776 01:47:50,050 --> 01:47:52,452 KNOWN TO BE MARKERS OF TUMOR 1777 01:47:52,452 --> 01:47:53,353 PROGRESSION WHICH IS REALLY 1778 01:47:53,353 --> 01:47:54,754 INTERESTING TO SEE YOU CAN SEE 1779 01:47:54,754 --> 01:48:00,026 THE MARKERS OF TUMOR PROGRESSION 1780 01:48:00,026 --> 01:48:01,361 ALREADY IN THE ADDITIONAL NORMAL 1781 01:48:01,361 --> 01:48:10,604 TISSUE. 1782 01:48:10,604 --> 01:48:13,907 I'LL MOVE RELATED TO THE 1783 01:48:13,907 --> 01:48:15,175 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TUMOR 1784 01:48:15,175 --> 01:48:17,444 ENVIRONMENT. 1785 01:48:17,444 --> 01:48:20,213 OBVIOUSLY TODAY IN ONE OF OUR 1786 01:48:20,213 --> 01:48:23,817 IMPORTANT APPROACHES TO THE 1787 01:48:23,817 --> 01:48:27,988 TUMOR ENVIRONMENT IS TO LOOK AT 1788 01:48:27,988 --> 01:48:29,055 TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND WHAT I MEANT 1789 01:48:29,055 --> 01:48:33,059 TO SAY AT THE BEGINNING WHEN I 1790 01:48:33,059 --> 01:48:39,199 SWITCH TO GREEN IT'S A PROJECT 1791 01:48:39,199 --> 01:48:44,971 AND SOME IS FUTURE WORK. 1792 01:48:44,971 --> 01:48:48,041 HERE IS WORK STARTED BY THIS 1793 01:48:48,041 --> 01:48:49,075 QUESTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP 1794 01:48:49,075 --> 01:48:51,878 BETWEEN TUMOR AND ENVIRONMENT. 1795 01:48:51,878 --> 01:48:53,980 I WOULD LIKE TO BRIEFLY 1796 01:48:53,980 --> 01:48:54,948 SUMMARIZE THE TECHNOLOGY. 1797 01:48:54,948 --> 01:48:59,186 THIS IS A NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT 1798 01:48:59,186 --> 01:49:03,190 STARTS WITH A SLICE OF TISSUE 1799 01:49:03,190 --> 01:49:07,394 AND THEN IN THE SO-CALLED SPOTS 1800 01:49:07,394 --> 01:49:09,696 THAT CONTAIN ONE TO 10 CELLS 1801 01:49:09,696 --> 01:49:15,001 THEY'RE BEING SEQUENCED AND 1802 01:49:15,001 --> 01:49:18,071 INFORMATION ABOUT EACH FROM 1803 01:49:18,071 --> 01:49:21,041 WHICH IT IS PRESERVED. 1804 01:49:21,041 --> 01:49:26,213 MUCH OF THE WORK WAS RELATED TO 1805 01:49:26,213 --> 01:49:28,715 THE DATA AND TRYING TO 1806 01:49:28,715 --> 01:49:31,918 UNDERSTAND WHAT TYPE OF CELLS 1807 01:49:31,918 --> 01:49:34,321 ARE THERE AND TRYING TO SEE 1808 01:49:34,321 --> 01:49:36,623 WHICH CELLS ARE FOR WHICH ONE 1809 01:49:36,623 --> 01:49:43,029 AND HOW TO INTERPRET THE 1810 01:49:43,029 --> 01:49:44,431 RELATION. 1811 01:49:44,431 --> 01:49:47,500 HERE WE'D LIKE TO ASSIGN A 1812 01:49:47,500 --> 01:49:52,639 PHENOTYPE TO THOSE SPATIAL 1813 01:49:52,639 --> 01:50:01,114 REGIONS BUT THE MAIN IDEA IS IS 1814 01:50:01,114 --> 01:50:01,448 FOCUSSING ON THE 1815 01:50:04,584 --> 01:50:12,259 GCDA DATA AND TO INFER SPECIAL 1816 01:50:12,259 --> 01:50:22,902 TRANSCRIPTOMIC IS BASED ON THE 1817 01:50:27,007 --> 01:50:33,446 DATA THE PATIENT IS OBTAINED 1818 01:50:33,446 --> 01:50:35,382 WHERE WE KNOW THE PHENOTYPE AND 1819 01:50:35,382 --> 01:50:37,517 THAT COULD BE SURVIVAL TIME, 1820 01:50:37,517 --> 01:50:41,054 THAT COULD BE TUMOR PURITY, IT 1821 01:50:41,054 --> 01:50:45,091 COULD BE ANOTHER PHENOTYPE 1822 01:50:45,091 --> 01:50:55,635 AVAILABLE OR BEING THE TYPE OF 1823 01:50:58,138 --> 01:51:00,607 PHENOTYPE WE TRY TO TRANSFER TO 1824 01:51:00,607 --> 01:51:01,408 THE SPATIAL DATA. 1825 01:51:01,408 --> 01:51:05,045 USING THE REGRESSION MODEL WE 1826 01:51:05,045 --> 01:51:10,483 OBTAINED THE SO-CALLED EIGEN 1827 01:51:10,483 --> 01:51:16,723 PATIENT AND WE HAVE THE GENE AND 1828 01:51:16,723 --> 01:51:21,061 IT'S OUR LINK TO THE SPATIAL 1829 01:51:21,061 --> 01:51:25,532 DATA AND THE CORRELATION OF THE 1830 01:51:25,532 --> 01:51:27,233 EIGEN GENE TELLS US HOW IT'S 1831 01:51:27,233 --> 01:51:27,834 RELATED TO THE PHENOTYPE OF 1832 01:51:27,834 --> 01:51:28,401 INTEREST. 1833 01:51:28,401 --> 01:51:33,740 IS THAT WORK BEING? 1834 01:51:33,740 --> 01:51:38,111 THERE'S TWO EXAMPLES. 1835 01:51:38,111 --> 01:51:40,013 THEY OVERLAP NOT PERFECTLY BUT 1836 01:51:40,013 --> 01:51:44,617 HOWEVER WHEN WE WORK AS 1837 01:51:44,617 --> 01:51:46,786 PATHOLOGISTS WE UNDERSTAND THE 1838 01:51:46,786 --> 01:51:47,487 PATHOLOGICAL ANNOTATION OF THE 1839 01:51:47,487 --> 01:51:50,523 SLIDE AND TWO GROUPS OF CLUSTERS 1840 01:51:50,523 --> 01:51:56,029 OF THE CANCER-RELATED SPATIAL 1841 01:51:56,029 --> 01:51:59,099 LOCATION. 1842 01:51:59,099 --> 01:52:08,942 ONE RELATED TO IN SITU AND 1843 01:52:08,942 --> 01:52:12,011 NONINVASIVE. 1844 01:52:12,011 --> 01:52:17,050 AND LOOKING BACK TO THE TISSUE 1845 01:52:17,050 --> 01:52:21,221 WE IDENTIFY A CASE WHERE WE HAVE 1846 01:52:21,221 --> 01:52:23,990 THIS TUMOR ADJACENT TISSUE HERE 1847 01:52:23,990 --> 01:52:26,226 THIS IS AGAIN THE EXPLANATION 1848 01:52:26,226 --> 01:52:28,561 FROM THE PATHOLOGY UNIT THAT 1849 01:52:28,561 --> 01:52:34,234 HELP US INTERPRET THE DATA. 1850 01:52:34,234 --> 01:52:44,444 THE DATA SHOWS WE HAVE THIS AND 1851 01:52:44,444 --> 01:52:48,581 AS EXPLAINED WHAT WE SEE HERE IS 1852 01:52:48,581 --> 01:52:50,316 INDEED CELLS THAT DO MULTIPLY 1853 01:52:50,316 --> 01:52:51,217 AND EVERYTHING ABOUT THE CELLS 1854 01:52:51,217 --> 01:52:58,725 IS NORMAL IN TERMS OF HOW THEY 1855 01:52:58,725 --> 01:52:59,993 LOOK. 1856 01:52:59,993 --> 01:53:04,030 AND WE'RE STILL WORKING ON THAT 1857 01:53:04,030 --> 01:53:07,801 AND BY FOCUSSING ON THE 1858 01:53:07,801 --> 01:53:09,803 PHENOTYPE IT'S THE OPTIMAL 1859 01:53:09,803 --> 01:53:11,671 APPROACH AS PROPOSED BY OTHERS 1860 01:53:11,671 --> 01:53:13,506 AND IMPORTANT IS THE METHOD 1861 01:53:13,506 --> 01:53:14,641 SHOWS IT'S IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT 1862 01:53:14,641 --> 01:53:16,309 THE INTERACTION OF MANY 1863 01:53:16,309 --> 01:53:20,780 PHENOTYPES TO HAVE A HOLISTIC 1864 01:53:20,780 --> 01:53:23,817 VIEW AND TRANSFORM OTHER DATA 1865 01:53:23,817 --> 01:53:28,121 TYPES BETWEEN EACH OTHER AND 1866 01:53:28,121 --> 01:53:30,924 ALSO FOCUS ON THE ASSIGNMENT OF 1867 01:53:30,924 --> 01:53:33,059 THE PHENOTYPE TO LARGER AND 1868 01:53:33,059 --> 01:53:38,231 LARGER REGIONS. 1869 01:53:38,231 --> 01:53:41,067 FINALLY, LET ME BRIEFLY MENTION 1870 01:53:41,067 --> 01:53:42,302 ANOTHER VERY INTERESTING WORK 1871 01:53:42,302 --> 01:53:45,205 THAT WE UNDERTAKE WAS TO 1872 01:53:45,205 --> 01:53:49,542 UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION. 1873 01:53:49,542 --> 01:53:52,846 SO ALL THIS COMES AND THEY DO 1874 01:53:52,846 --> 01:53:58,351 EXIST AND THEY COMPETE AND HAVE 1875 01:53:58,351 --> 01:54:00,386 STRATEGIES OF ADAPTATION TO TAKE 1876 01:54:00,386 --> 01:54:03,156 ADVANTAGE AND OUR QUESTION WAS 1877 01:54:03,156 --> 01:54:05,091 DO THE DIFFERENT HAVE THE SAME 1878 01:54:05,091 --> 01:54:07,527 ADAPTATION OR DIFFERENT AND IS 1879 01:54:07,527 --> 01:54:09,395 THE ASSUMPTION USEFUL FROM THE 1880 01:54:09,395 --> 01:54:13,099 MEDICAL POINT OF VIEW WE CAN 1881 01:54:13,099 --> 01:54:13,466 LEARN ABOUT IT. 1882 01:54:13,466 --> 01:54:16,870 WE DECIDED TO LOOK AT THE 1883 01:54:16,870 --> 01:54:19,772 ADAPTATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE 1884 01:54:19,772 --> 01:54:21,274 OF ADAPTATION OF GREEN 1885 01:54:21,274 --> 01:54:21,574 EXPRESSION. 1886 01:54:21,574 --> 01:54:26,513 WE NOTE THE GENE EXPRESSION 1887 01:54:26,513 --> 01:54:32,785 BECAUSE THEY CAN BE TREATED BUT 1888 01:54:32,785 --> 01:54:34,087 NEVERTHELESS THEY'LL INFLUENCE 1889 01:54:34,087 --> 01:54:35,255 GENE EXPRESSION AND FOR US WHEN 1890 01:54:35,255 --> 01:54:36,589 WITH HE SEE WHICH GENES ARE 1891 01:54:36,589 --> 01:54:41,928 BEING SELECTED FOR IT'S EASIER 1892 01:54:41,928 --> 01:54:43,930 TO INTERPRET WHEN LOOKING AT 1893 01:54:43,930 --> 01:54:44,998 WHAT IS AFFECTED. 1894 01:54:44,998 --> 01:54:55,441 AND ONE THE MODELLING OF 1895 01:54:56,676 --> 01:54:58,845 EVOLUTION OF SEQUENCE AND WE 1896 01:54:58,845 --> 01:55:02,749 LOOK AT THE MODELLING AND 1897 01:55:02,749 --> 01:55:05,051 EVOLUTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY 1898 01:55:05,051 --> 01:55:11,224 THE BROWNIAN MOTION AND THE 1899 01:55:11,224 --> 01:55:17,830 ADAPTIVE IS MOLTEDDELLED AND BEE 1900 01:55:17,830 --> 01:55:21,768 IT WILL BE IN THE POSTER I'LL 1901 01:55:21,768 --> 01:55:27,040 SKIP TO THE NEXT SLIDE AND 1902 01:55:27,040 --> 01:55:29,042 PREVIOU 1903 01:55:29,042 --> 01:55:33,012 PREVIOUSLY THEY DEVELOPED A 1904 01:55:33,012 --> 01:55:35,381 MODEL TO INFER THE MODEL FOR 1905 01:55:35,381 --> 01:55:38,518 GENE EXPRESSION EVOLUTION. 1906 01:55:38,518 --> 01:55:40,553 HIS INTEREST WAS ADAPTATION TO 1907 01:55:40,553 --> 01:55:42,989 DIET IN FLIGHT. 1908 01:55:42,989 --> 01:55:44,490 WE WERE INTERESTED WHETHER WE 1909 01:55:44,490 --> 01:55:51,230 CAN REALLY APPLY THE METHOD TO 1910 01:55:51,230 --> 01:55:57,036 TUMOR EVOLUTION AND ASKED OUR 1911 01:55:57,036 --> 01:55:59,005 FRIENDS IN CANCER INSTITUTE AND 1912 01:55:59,005 --> 01:56:00,573 FOUND A GROUP THAT HAD THE DATA 1913 01:56:00,573 --> 01:56:04,744 THAT WE NEED. 1914 01:56:04,744 --> 01:56:06,079 AGAIN, I HOPE GENE WILL TELL YOU 1915 01:56:06,079 --> 01:56:07,347 MORE ABOUT IT. 1916 01:56:07,347 --> 01:56:15,755 WHAT WE LEARN FROM APPLYING THIS 1917 01:56:15,755 --> 01:56:18,091 MODELLING TO UNDERSTAND THE 1918 01:56:18,091 --> 01:56:20,593 ADAPTATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IS 1919 01:56:20,593 --> 01:56:23,029 TWO MODES OF ONLY TO EXPRESSION 1920 01:56:23,029 --> 01:56:27,033 IN MELANOMA. 1921 01:56:27,033 --> 01:56:34,874 ONE IS ONE WE SEE INVESTMENT AND 1922 01:56:34,874 --> 01:56:39,245 THERE'S A SELECTION TO RIBOSOME 1923 01:56:39,245 --> 01:56:42,048 AND THINK THEY'RE RELATED AND 1924 01:56:42,048 --> 01:56:45,051 THERE WAS A SELECTION FOR 1925 01:56:45,051 --> 01:56:48,287 SIGNALLING AND WHEN TESTED THEY 1926 01:56:48,287 --> 01:56:55,261 TEND TO BE IMMUNOTHERAPY 1927 01:56:55,261 --> 01:57:01,034 SENSITIVE AND THEY TEND TO HAVE 1928 01:57:01,034 --> 01:57:01,534 THERAPY RESISTANT. 1929 01:57:01,534 --> 01:57:06,139 TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE 1930 01:57:06,139 --> 01:57:09,442 IT'S THE REGULAR STUDY OF GENE 1931 01:57:09,442 --> 01:57:10,877 EXPRESSION INTO EVOLUTION. 1932 01:57:10,877 --> 01:57:15,314 AND THE OBSERVATION WE OBTAINED 1933 01:57:15,314 --> 01:57:20,286 TO THE QUESTION IS YOU HAVE TWO 1934 01:57:20,286 --> 01:57:23,790 GROUPS OF BASIC TYPES THAT HAVE 1935 01:57:23,790 --> 01:57:25,024 DIFFERENT MODES OF ADAPTATION. 1936 01:57:25,024 --> 01:57:29,495 WHAT WILL HAPPEN AND HOW DO THEY 1937 01:57:29,495 --> 01:57:29,729 COMPETE? 1938 01:57:29,729 --> 01:57:36,002 SO OUR EXPERIMENTAL 1939 01:57:36,002 --> 01:57:38,204 COLLABORATORS SENT AN EXPERIMENT 1940 01:57:38,204 --> 01:57:41,040 AND THE LINES GENERATE THEM INTO 1941 01:57:41,040 --> 01:57:44,777 MOUSE WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTION 1942 01:57:44,777 --> 01:57:47,814 AND WE UNDERSTAND THE DYNAMICS 1943 01:57:47,814 --> 01:57:52,051 OF THIS EVOLUTION FOR 1944 01:57:52,051 --> 01:57:53,653 COMPETITION USING THERAPY AND 1945 01:57:53,653 --> 01:57:59,926 HERE IT'S HELPED BY A TALENTED 1946 01:57:59,926 --> 01:58:00,359 UNDERGRADUATE. 1947 01:58:00,359 --> 01:58:09,035 WHY IT'S IMPORTANT IS WE CAN 1948 01:58:09,035 --> 01:58:13,072 CONT 1949 01:58:13,072 --> 01:58:16,075 CONTROL. 1950 01:58:16,075 --> 01:58:18,845 AND IF YOU HAVE THIS TUMOR THAN 1951 01:58:18,845 --> 01:58:23,850 IT'S IMPORTANT THIS CAN PROVIDE 1952 01:58:23,850 --> 01:58:27,286 SOME INFORMATION OF THE PROGRESS 1953 01:58:27,286 --> 01:58:37,830 AND WE CAN KEEP THE CONTROL AND 1954 01:58:38,030 --> 01:58:39,365 THAT'S OUR RESEARCH AND I'M 1955 01:58:39,365 --> 01:58:41,567 RUNNING OUT OF TIME AND I WANTED 1956 01:58:41,567 --> 01:58:45,037 TO MENTION THERE'S OTHER IN THE 1957 01:58:45,037 --> 01:58:46,906 GROUP I COULDN'T DISCUSS BUT 1958 01:58:46,906 --> 01:58:49,442 WANT TO MENTION THE WORK WE HAVE 1959 01:58:49,442 --> 01:58:54,981 UNDERTAKEN FOR MANY YEARS NOW TO 1960 01:58:54,981 --> 01:58:58,184 STUDY THE AUTOMATIC STRUCTURES 1961 01:58:58,184 --> 01:58:58,918 OF DNA. 1962 01:58:58,918 --> 01:59:00,686 THIS IS COMBINED WORK OF 1963 01:59:00,686 --> 01:59:05,792 EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL 1964 01:59:05,792 --> 01:59:12,665 GROUPS WHERE THEY ARE HAVE 1965 01:59:12,665 --> 01:59:19,305 COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES AND 1966 01:59:19,305 --> 01:59:29,048 DOWN TO THE WIRE OF THE SIGNAL 1967 01:59:29,048 --> 01:59:35,121 TO HARVEST THIS AND WORKED ON 1968 01:59:35,121 --> 01:59:37,790 THIS DATA AND THE WORK OF ERMIN 1969 01:59:37,790 --> 01:59:41,294 AND HE'LL TELL YOU ABOUT IT AND 1970 01:59:41,294 --> 01:59:45,798 TOGETHER WE WORKED ON THE 1971 01:59:45,798 --> 01:59:51,003 REFINEMENT OF A QUESTION RELATED 1972 01:59:51,003 --> 01:59:55,241 TO SINGLE CELL DATA IN TUMOR AND 1973 01:59:55,241 --> 01:59:56,909 JOHN IS LINKING THE WORK. 1974 01:59:56,909 --> 02:00:02,215 WE'VE ALSO BEEN INVOLVED FOR 1975 02:00:02,215 --> 02:00:11,924 MANY YEARS IN THE FLY CELL ATLAS 1976 02:00:11,924 --> 02:00:22,435 WITH WORK AND MOSTLY WORK OF 1977 02:00:24,503 --> 02:00:31,043 SOUMITRA PAL AND FINALLY THIS IS 1978 02:00:31,043 --> 02:00:34,881 WORK FROM NETREX-CF BY A FORMER 1979 02:00:34,881 --> 02:00:37,049 MEMBER OF MY GROUP NOW AT 1980 02:00:37,049 --> 02:00:40,052 INDIANA UNIVERSITY. 1981 02:00:40,052 --> 02:00:42,088 YOU'VE SEEN THE FACES AS I WAS 1982 02:00:42,088 --> 02:00:47,360 DISCUSSING THE RESEARCH AND 1983 02:00:47,360 --> 02:00:49,028 MENTIONED THE COLLABORATORS 1984 02:00:49,028 --> 02:00:57,036 BECAUSE IT'S CRUCIAL AND OUR 1985 02:00:57,036 --> 02:00:58,537 COLLABORATOR ON SINGLE CELL AND 1986 02:00:58,537 --> 02:01:00,706 THIS IS WORK ON TUMOR EVOLUTION 1987 02:01:00,706 --> 02:01:06,913 AND HELPS IN MANY WAYS WHEN WE 1988 02:01:06,913 --> 02:01:10,049 NEED TO DO EXPERIMENTS AND HE'S 1989 02:01:10,049 --> 02:01:15,354 ALWAYS OPEN TO PROVIDING INSIGHT 1990 02:01:15,354 --> 02:01:19,492 AND WE HAVE A PATHOLOGIST WHO 1991 02:01:19,492 --> 02:01:24,697 HELPS US ANNOTATE THE SLIDE IN 1992 02:01:24,697 --> 02:01:30,202 THE CASES WHERE THEY ARE HAVEN'T 1993 02:01:30,202 --> 02:01:38,077 BEEN AND THESE HELPFUL IN THE 1994 02:01:38,077 --> 02:01:48,254 PRODUCT AND I MENTIONED HIM AND 1995 02:01:48,254 --> 02:01:50,289 WE HAVE A PROFESSOR AT 1996 02:01:50,289 --> 02:01:51,223 UNIVERSITY AND CONTINUES THE 1997 02:01:51,223 --> 02:01:58,030 WORK OF MUTATION OF G1 AND 1998 02:01:58,030 --> 02:02:03,235 PROFESSOR WANG FROM INDIANA 1999 02:02:03,235 --> 02:02:10,276 UNIVERSITY AND MATHEMATICAL 2000 02:02:10,276 --> 02:02:11,243 MODELLING COMBINED WITH MACHINE 2001 02:02:11,243 --> 02:02:12,678 LEARNING THAT WAS HIS IDEA. 2002 02:02:12,678 --> 02:02:15,247 AND WITH THAT, THANK YOU ALL AND 2003 02:02:15,247 --> 02:02:20,252 I'LL ASK IF THERE'S ANY QUESTION 2004 02:02:20,252 --> 02:02:28,961 AND MAYBE I'LL JUST PAUSE FOR 2005 02:02:28,961 --> 02:02:29,895 QUESTIONS AS YOU REMEMBER WHAT I 2006 02:02:29,895 --> 02:02:34,734 TALKED ABOUT. 2007 02:02:34,734 --> 02:02:35,067 THANK YOU. 2008 02:02:35,067 --> 02:02:45,111 6: 2009 02:02:46,479 --> 02:02:57,189 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.>> THANK. 2010 02:03:00,459 --> 02:03:02,895 I'LL TURN IT OVER. 2011 02:03:02,895 --> 02:03:08,768 LOOKS LIKE YOU'RE TALKING BUT 2012 02:03:08,768 --> 02:03:10,336 WE'RE NOT HEARING. 2013 02:03:10,336 --> 02:03:13,005 >> GO AHEAD ONE YOUR QUESTION. 2014 02:03:13,005 --> 02:03:14,573 >> EXCELLENT PRESENTATION. 2015 02:03:14,573 --> 02:03:16,075 REALLY MOVING FORWARD ONE WILL 2016 02:03:16,075 --> 02:03:20,079 ALL THE NEW TECHNOLOGY AND SUCH 2017 02:03:20,079 --> 02:03:20,713 AND KEEPING UP WITH THE 2018 02:03:20,713 --> 02:03:21,781 EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL 2019 02:03:21,781 --> 02:03:23,015 IS A CHALLENGE IN OUR FIELD AND 2020 02:03:23,015 --> 02:03:24,216 YOU'RE DOING A GREAT JOB. 2021 02:03:24,216 --> 02:03:27,119 I WAS WONDERING, THIS MAY BE A 2022 02:03:27,119 --> 02:03:29,822 NAIVE QUESTION BUT WHEN YOU 2023 02:03:29,822 --> 02:03:32,091 STUDY MUTAGENIC AND MAYBE ALIE 2024 02:03:32,091 --> 02:03:35,561 TO OTHER SIGNATURES, DO YOU CARE 2025 02:03:35,561 --> 02:03:39,065 ABOUT THE PATIENT HAVING HAD ANY 2026 02:03:39,065 --> 02:03:40,232 PARTICULAR TREATMENT? 2027 02:03:40,232 --> 02:03:44,036 LIKE, ANY CHEMO THERAPY OR ANY 2028 02:03:44,036 --> 02:03:49,341 OF THE OTHER TREATMENTS 2029 02:03:49,341 --> 02:03:57,516 INFLUENCE IN ANY WAY YOUR 2030 02:03:57,516 --> 02:03:59,185 ANALYSIS AND HOW DO YOU DEAL 2031 02:03:59,185 --> 02:03:59,919 WITH THAT? 2032 02:03:59,919 --> 02:04:01,754 >> TREATMENT CAN INFLUENCE A 2033 02:04:01,754 --> 02:04:04,557 PATIENT. 2034 02:04:04,557 --> 02:04:06,192 OFTEN TREATMENT IS ALSO 2035 02:04:06,192 --> 02:04:06,826 INTRODUCING MUTATIONS. 2036 02:04:06,826 --> 02:04:11,697 IN THESE CASES WIRE ABLE TO PICK 2037 02:04:11,697 --> 02:04:12,998 UP A SPECIFIC TREATMENT RELATION 2038 02:04:12,998 --> 02:04:13,399 SIGNATURE. 2039 02:04:13,399 --> 02:04:17,036 WE KNOW BECAUSE IF WE SEE THE 2040 02:04:17,036 --> 02:04:19,438 SIGNATURE APPEARS IN A PATIENT 2041 02:04:19,438 --> 02:04:25,611 AND WE ASSUME THIS IS BECAUSE OF 2042 02:04:25,611 --> 02:04:27,379 TREATMENT. 2043 02:04:27,379 --> 02:04:31,784 AND ONE CAN PERFORM EXPERIMENTAL 2044 02:04:31,784 --> 02:04:32,885 CONFIRMENT AND WHEN THERE'S 2045 02:04:32,885 --> 02:04:35,454 NOVEL SIGNATURE THERE'S ALSO A 2046 02:04:35,454 --> 02:04:36,522 QUESTION, IS THERE ANYTHING IN 2047 02:04:36,522 --> 02:04:39,391 THE ENVIRONMENT PATIENTS WE 2048 02:04:39,391 --> 02:04:42,228 ANALYZE THAT MAY BE TRIGGERING 2049 02:04:42,228 --> 02:04:43,162 THIS SIGNATURE. 2050 02:04:43,162 --> 02:04:44,330 THIS IS BOTH. 2051 02:04:44,330 --> 02:04:46,132 SOMETIMES IT'S OBVIOUS. 2052 02:04:46,132 --> 02:04:53,038 SOMETIMES WHEN WE SEE THE COHORT 2053 02:04:53,038 --> 02:04:54,807 MAY BE IT'S A FACTOR TO BE 2054 02:04:54,807 --> 02:04:59,845 CONSIDERED OR IS THERE SOMETHING 2055 02:04:59,845 --> 02:05:03,382 THAT THE COHORT WAS EXPOSED AND 2056 02:05:03,382 --> 02:05:09,121 WE HAVE BEEN HOPE TO WORK WITH A 2057 02:05:09,121 --> 02:05:11,924 NOVEL COHORT BUT THERE'S 2058 02:05:11,924 --> 02:05:14,126 EXAMPLES OF THIS TYPE OF 2059 02:05:14,126 --> 02:05:14,393 INFERENCE. 2060 02:05:14,393 --> 02:05:24,770 >> THANK YOU, TERESA. 2061 02:05:29,341 --> 02:05:34,580 >> WHAT TO YOU MEAN BY 2062 02:05:34,580 --> 02:05:38,584 ENVIRONMENT? 2063 02:05:38,584 --> 02:05:49,094 >> ENVIRONMENT IN PLACES AND 2064 02:05:52,765 --> 02:05:54,033 THIS PLAY INFLUENCE THE TISSUE 2065 02:05:54,033 --> 02:05:58,604 EXPOSED TO SMOKING BUT ALSO THE 2066 02:05:58,604 --> 02:06:02,875 TUMOR ENVIRONMENT. 2067 02:06:02,875 --> 02:06:04,643 THAT'S PART OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2068 02:06:04,643 --> 02:06:09,048 TO WHAT'S HAPPENING IN TUMOR 2069 02:06:09,048 --> 02:06:11,150 ADJACENT MUTATION. 2070 02:06:11,150 --> 02:06:14,954 >> IN THIS CASE IT'S CAUSAL AND 2071 02:06:14,954 --> 02:06:15,221 NEIGHBORS? 2072 02:06:15,221 --> 02:06:21,093 >> AND HARDER TO SAY TO 2073 02:06:21,093 --> 02:06:23,796 ESTABLISH CAUSALITY BASED ON THE 2074 02:06:23,796 --> 02:06:25,264 KNOWLEDGE IT'S TUMOR THAT 2075 02:06:25,264 --> 02:06:27,433 GENERATES THE INTERESTING 2076 02:06:27,433 --> 02:06:37,910 ENVIRONMENT NOT THE NORMAL. 2077 02:06:40,980 --> 02:06:46,986 >> THERE'S AN IMPACT BUT HOW DO 2078 02:06:46,986 --> 02:06:57,062 YOU INTERPRET THE PATIENT AND 2079 02:06:57,062 --> 02:06:59,064 EIGEN GENE. 2080 02:06:59,064 --> 02:07:03,469 >> WE MODELIZE FROM THE DEAN 2081 02:07:03,469 --> 02:07:04,403 EXPRESSION OF THE PHENOTYPE AND 2082 02:07:04,403 --> 02:07:09,608 THAT PREDICTION IS SUMMARIZED AS 2083 02:07:09,608 --> 02:07:16,448 ONE NUMBER AND THE EIGEN GENE 2084 02:07:16,448 --> 02:07:20,486 YOU CAN COMPUTE AND HAVE THE 2085 02:07:20,486 --> 02:07:21,186 PROTECTION OF THE PHENOTYPE AND 2086 02:07:21,186 --> 02:07:27,259 FOR THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND I 2087 02:07:27,259 --> 02:07:32,931 THINK THIS IS AGAIN LIKE LET'S 2088 02:07:32,931 --> 02:07:38,904 TRANSFORM THE EIGEN GENE TO 2089 02:07:38,904 --> 02:07:39,638 EIGEN PATIENT. 2090 02:07:39,638 --> 02:07:42,908 AND AROUND GENE EXPRESSION AND 2091 02:07:42,908 --> 02:07:46,445 THE GENE EXPRESSIONS OPTIMALIZED 2092 02:07:46,445 --> 02:07:49,048 TO THE PHENOTYPE AND NOW WE USE 2093 02:07:49,048 --> 02:07:51,483 THE EIGEN PATIENT TO COMPUTE 2094 02:07:51,483 --> 02:07:57,022 WITH EXPRESSION IN SINGLE SPOT. 2095 02:07:57,022 --> 02:08:04,897 SO AND THERE MAY BE OTHER CASES 2096 02:08:04,897 --> 02:08:08,033 WHERE WE HAVE A MEASURE IN ONE 2097 02:08:08,033 --> 02:08:09,068 SETTING AND USE THE EIGEN 2098 02:08:09,068 --> 02:08:13,072 PATIENT AS A VEHICLE TO 2099 02:08:13,072 --> 02:08:13,672 TRANSLATE WHEN YOU HAVE GENE 2100 02:08:13,672 --> 02:08:20,079 EXPRESSION. 2101 02:08:20,079 --> 02:08:21,313 >> VERY NICE TALK BUT A LOT OF 2102 02:08:21,313 --> 02:08:21,613 INFORMATION. 2103 02:08:21,613 --> 02:08:31,790 THANK YOU. 2104 02:08:33,826 --> 02:08:35,661 >> I HAVE A QUESTION. 2105 02:08:35,661 --> 02:08:37,029 >> GO FOR IT. 2106 02:08:37,029 --> 02:08:41,066 >> I ALSO WANT TO THANK YOU 2107 02:08:41,066 --> 02:08:44,536 TERESA FOR A LUCID TALK AND I 2108 02:08:44,536 --> 02:08:45,237 AGREE IT WAS FUN TRYING TO KEEP 2109 02:08:45,237 --> 02:08:50,709 UP. 2110 02:08:50,709 --> 02:08:56,081 PICKING UN UP ON THE ENVIRONMENT 2111 02:08:56,081 --> 02:09:00,486 AND YOU ALLUDED TO VIOLATIONS OF 2112 02:09:00,486 --> 02:09:01,854 ADAPTIVITY AND MENTIONED BREAST 2113 02:09:01,854 --> 02:09:04,757 CANCER BUT WONDER IF YOU DO PAN 2114 02:09:04,757 --> 02:09:06,091 CANCER ANALYSIS AND PARTICULARLY 2115 02:09:06,091 --> 02:09:07,493 DO YOU SEE CANCER SPECIFIC 2116 02:09:07,493 --> 02:09:09,995 EFFECTS OF EXPOSURES ON MUTATION 2117 02:09:09,995 --> 02:09:10,829 SIGNATURES? 2118 02:09:10,829 --> 02:09:11,530 IN OTHER WORDS, ARE THERE 2119 02:09:11,530 --> 02:09:21,473 EXPOSURE BY CANCER INTERACTIONS? 2120 02:09:21,473 --> 02:09:25,077 >> OTHER PEOPLE LOOKED AT THOSE 2121 02:09:25,077 --> 02:09:29,047 AND THERE'S A CHANCE TO PREDICT 2122 02:09:29,047 --> 02:09:37,356 CANCERS BASED ON THE EXPOSURES. 2123 02:09:37,356 --> 02:09:40,526 ON AVERAGE A TUMOR TYPE HAS FIVE 2124 02:09:40,526 --> 02:09:42,027 AND BREAST CANCER HAS 15 2125 02:09:42,027 --> 02:09:45,030 DIFFERENT SIGNATURES AND RELATED 2126 02:09:45,030 --> 02:09:47,766 TO OTHERS BUT IT'S NOT EVERY 2127 02:09:47,766 --> 02:09:51,470 CANCER HAS THE POSSIBLE 2128 02:09:51,470 --> 02:09:51,737 SIGNATURE. 2129 02:09:51,737 --> 02:09:55,607 THERE'S SELECTIVITY. 2130 02:09:55,607 --> 02:10:06,118 AND ALSO AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2131 02:10:06,552 --> 02:10:09,054 INCLUDED IMMUNE RESPONSE AND 2132 02:10:09,054 --> 02:10:14,359 WHICH SIGNATURE COULD BE 2133 02:10:14,359 --> 02:10:16,428 TRIGGERED AND WE LEVERAGE THE 2134 02:10:16,428 --> 02:10:19,331 METHOD THAT COMBINES BOTH 2135 02:10:19,331 --> 02:10:20,933 BECAUSE WE KNOW SIGNATURES WILL 2136 02:10:20,933 --> 02:10:23,368 BE IN EVERY CANCER AND WE START 2137 02:10:23,368 --> 02:10:23,569 THERE. 2138 02:10:23,569 --> 02:10:33,045 SIGNATURE NUMBER 1 IS RELATED TO 2139 02:10:33,045 --> 02:10:37,049 RELATED TO TYPICAL STANDARD DNA 2140 02:10:37,049 --> 02:10:41,086 REPLICATION MECHANISM AND 2141 02:10:41,086 --> 02:10:50,362 THERE'S TRADITIONALLY SIGNATURE 2142 02:10:50,362 --> 02:10:51,930 ONE IS RELATED BECAUSE THEY 2143 02:10:51,930 --> 02:10:56,201 DEPEND LOU THEY ARE REPAIRED BUT 2144 02:10:56,201 --> 02:11:03,509 WHEN YOU HAVE TRANSLATION YOU 2145 02:11:03,509 --> 02:11:09,381 HAVE THE DNA AND THE PARTICLE 2146 02:11:09,381 --> 02:11:10,983 SNEAKS IN LATER IN THE 2147 02:11:10,983 --> 02:11:13,018 REPLICATION AND SOME ARE GENETIC 2148 02:11:13,018 --> 02:11:15,354 AND ACROSS MANY CANCER TYPE AND 2149 02:11:15,354 --> 02:11:18,957 SOME ARE CANCER TYPE SPECIFIC 2150 02:11:18,957 --> 02:11:20,893 BUT YOU HAVE COMBINATION AND 2151 02:11:20,893 --> 02:11:21,693 THERE'S CHARACTERISTIC OF BREAST 2152 02:11:21,693 --> 02:11:23,595 CANCER AND OVARIAN CANCER AND WE 2153 02:11:23,595 --> 02:11:27,499 SEE IT IN THE PROSTATE CANCER 2154 02:11:27,499 --> 02:11:29,034 AND MAYBE SOME OTHERS BUT I AM 2155 02:11:29,034 --> 02:11:31,503 NOT AWARE OF ALL OF THEM AND 2156 02:11:31,503 --> 02:11:38,510 THIS IS PREDICTIVE RESPONSE TO 2157 02:11:38,510 --> 02:11:41,613 PRP INHIBITER SO THERE'S A 2158 02:11:41,613 --> 02:11:45,517 MIXTURE. 2159 02:11:45,517 --> 02:11:49,955 SOME ARE UNIQUE. 2160 02:11:49,955 --> 02:11:51,690 WE DON'T SEE THIS ELSEWHERE. 2161 02:11:51,690 --> 02:11:53,025 >> THANK YOU. 2162 02:11:53,025 --> 02:11:54,760 FOR THE SAME ALGORITHM YOU 2163 02:11:54,760 --> 02:11:56,194 TALKED ABOUT THE DE NOVO 2164 02:11:56,194 --> 02:11:56,828 SIGNATURE DATA. 2165 02:11:56,828 --> 02:11:58,997 I WASN'T CLEAR IF YOU DO YOUR 2166 02:11:58,997 --> 02:12:00,532 OWN VARIANT CALLING BUT IF YOU 2167 02:12:00,532 --> 02:12:03,235 DO I WONDER IF YOU ANTICIPATE 2168 02:12:03,235 --> 02:12:05,938 ANY IMPACT OR CHALLENGES OF THE 2169 02:12:05,938 --> 02:12:10,208 DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMERGENCE OF 2170 02:12:10,208 --> 02:12:11,443 PANGENOME REFERENCES STRUCTURES 2171 02:12:11,443 --> 02:12:13,078 OPPOSED TO THE TRADITIONAL 2172 02:12:13,078 --> 02:12:19,051 RELIANCE ON A SINGLE REFERENCE 2173 02:12:19,051 --> 02:12:19,918 GENOME? 2174 02:12:19,918 --> 02:12:28,894 >> AH, UNONE WAY THIS IS ALSO A 2175 02:12:28,894 --> 02:12:30,562 CHALLENGE IN THE OPPORTUNITY 2176 02:12:30,562 --> 02:12:31,496 END. 2177 02:12:31,496 --> 02:12:36,735 IF YOU HAVE CANCER GENOME 2178 02:12:36,735 --> 02:12:44,276 SUBJECT TO THE COPY NUMBER AND 2179 02:12:44,276 --> 02:12:46,678 IN SOME WAY YOU MAY THINK IT'S 2180 02:12:46,678 --> 02:12:49,047 DIFFICULT TO ASSIGN THEM TO 2181 02:12:49,047 --> 02:12:58,824 PROPER PLACES BUT IF WE HAD 2182 02:12:58,824 --> 02:12:59,524 UNDERSTANDING THE WHOLE 2183 02:12:59,524 --> 02:13:02,594 CHROMOSOME HAVE CHANGED THEN WE 2184 02:13:02,594 --> 02:13:09,701 CAN USE IT AS TIMING AND SEE THE 2185 02:13:09,701 --> 02:13:12,404 MUTATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER AND 2186 02:13:12,404 --> 02:13:13,705 IT'S A POWERFUL WAY TO 2187 02:13:13,705 --> 02:13:16,041 UNDERSTAND THE DYNAMICS OF THE 2188 02:13:16,041 --> 02:13:16,875 SIGNATURE AND SEEING THE 2189 02:13:16,875 --> 02:13:19,111 SIGNATURE AS THEY ARE ARE, WE 2190 02:13:19,111 --> 02:13:21,013 DECENT HAVE THE TIME SCALE. 2191 02:13:21,013 --> 02:13:22,481 IF WE UNDERSTAND THEM WE CAN USE 2192 02:13:22,481 --> 02:13:33,125 THEM TO DO THE TIMING OF THE 2193 02:13:33,125 --> 02:13:38,530 SIGNATURE AND IF WE LOOK AT THE 2194 02:13:38,530 --> 02:13:43,235 INTERACTION BETWEEN SIGNATURES 2195 02:13:43,235 --> 02:13:50,742 AND YOU HAVE TWO THAT GENERATE A 2196 02:13:50,742 --> 02:13:53,045 LOT OF MUTATION AND THEY BOTH 2197 02:13:53,045 --> 02:14:01,053 HAVE SIGNATURE WE HAVE TO BE 2198 02:14:01,053 --> 02:14:04,256 ABLE TO ANALYZE TO SEE WHICH WAS 2199 02:14:04,256 --> 02:14:07,759 FIRST AND SECOND BY MODELLING 2200 02:14:07,759 --> 02:14:10,962 THE EVENT WHEN THEY ARE START TO 2201 02:14:10,962 --> 02:14:11,229 INTERACT. 2202 02:14:11,229 --> 02:14:13,065 >> THANK YOU. 2203 02:14:13,065 --> 02:14:15,367 >> DOES IT ANSWER THE QUESTION? 2204 02:14:15,367 --> 02:14:16,034 >> IT DOES. 2205 02:14:16,034 --> 02:14:17,469 IT'S A CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY 2206 02:14:17,469 --> 02:14:19,037 AND WE'RE ALSO TRYING TO WRAP 2207 02:14:19,037 --> 02:14:21,273 OUR HEAD AROUND HOW IT MIGHT 2208 02:14:21,273 --> 02:14:27,045 AFFECT OUR WORK SO, YEAH. 2209 02:14:27,045 --> 02:14:29,381 >> SO WE'RE AT THE TIME TO HAVE 2210 02:14:29,381 --> 02:14:33,051 A CLOSED SESSION WITH THE 2211 02:14:33,051 --> 02:14:35,787 POSTDOCTORAL TRAINEE 2212 02:14:35,787 --> 02:14:45,787 PRESENTATIONS