1 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:08,400 >>WELCOME. I'M 2 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:12,600 JEFF REZNICK CHIEF MEDICAL 3 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:14,120 HISTORY OF MEDICINE AT THE GNASH 4 00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:15,120 GNAT INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. THANK 5 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:17,040 YOU FOR JOINING US FOR NLM 6 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:19,360 HISTORY TALK. TO THOSE ON 7 00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:20,360 TWITTER THANKS FOR FOLLOWING 8 00:00:20,360 --> 00:00:24,520 ALONG USING THE HASH TAG NLM 9 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:25,920 TALK. THOSE WHO WISH TO SHARE 10 00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:27,560 QUESTIONS WITH OUR SPEAKER THIS 11 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:29,720 AFTERNOON, PLEASE LOOK FOR THE 12 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:31,360 LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON UNDER YOUR 13 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:33,040 VIDEO AND USE THAT TO SEND THE 14 00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:34,240 QUESTIONS THAT WILL COME TO ME. 15 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:36,200 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 16 00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:37,640 ANNUAL HISTORY TALKS ARE 17 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:39,120 INTENDED TO PROMOTE AWARENESS 18 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:42,000 AND USE OF NLM AND RELATED 19 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:43,120 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS FOR 20 00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:45,000 RESEARCH EDUCATION AND PUBLIC 21 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:47,200 SERVICE IN BIOMEDICINE, SOCIAL 22 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:49,120 SCIENCES, AND OF COURSE 23 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,440 HUMANITIES. NLM HISTORY TALKS 24 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:52,680 SUPPORT COMMITMENT OF NATIONAL 25 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:54,240 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE TO RECOGNIZE 26 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:56,040 DIVERSITY OF ITS COLLECTION 27 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:57,680 WHICH SPAN 10 CENTURIES AND 28 00:00:57,680 --> 00:00:59,360 ENCOMPASS A RANGE OF DIGITAL 29 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:02,120 PHYSICAL FORMATS AND ORIGINATE 30 00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:04,440 FROM NEARLY EVERY PART OF GLOBE. 31 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:07,400 MOREOVER NLM HISTORY GIVES 32 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,560 VOICES TO PEOPLE OF COLOR, WOMEN 33 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:12,160 AND INDIVIDUALS VARIETY OF 34 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:13,680 DISCIPLINE BACKGROUNDS WHO VALUE 35 00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:14,680 COLLECTIONS AND USE THEM TO 36 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:15,800 ADVANCE RESEARCH TEACHING AND 37 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:18,360 THEIR LEARNING. TODAY'S TALK IS 38 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:22,200 CO-SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL 39 00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:23,560 ENDOWMENT FOR HUMANITIES OFFICE 40 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:25,640 OF HUMANITIES. PART OF NATIONAL 41 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:28,920 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE PARTNERSHIP 42 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:31,680 WITH THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR 43 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:35,320 HUMANITIES SPECIFICALLY THE NEH 44 00:01:35,320 --> 00:01:36,320 NLM PART SHEER NEAR SHIP THROUGH 45 00:01:36,320 --> 00:01:38,720 VIRGINIA TECH TO CO-SPONSOR DATA 46 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:39,840 HEALTH AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES 47 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:41,520 SHARED HORIZONS. THIS IS A 48 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,960 SERIES OF VIRTUAL PROGRAMS AND 49 00:01:43,960 --> 00:01:48,400 SCHOLARLY BOOK. TO EXPLAIN IN 50 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:49,240 COOPERATION DETAIL TO INTRODUCE 51 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:50,120 TODAY'S DISTINGUISHED SPEAKER I 52 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,000 WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE DR. TOM 53 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:55,000 USING OF VIRGINIA TECH. ME IS A 54 00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:56,000 PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY 55 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,200 AT VIRGINIA TECH AND ASSOCIATE 56 00:01:58,200 --> 00:01:59,800 DEAN FOR GRADUATE STUDIES AND 57 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:01,240 RESEARCH AT VIRGINIA TECH 58 00:02:01,240 --> 00:02:02,680 COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND 59 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:04,600 HUMAN SCIENCES. HIS CURRENT 60 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:06,920 RESEARCH PROJECT EXPLORES THE 61 00:02:06,920 --> 00:02:07,680 TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION 62 00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:11,160 ABOUT THE SO CALLED RUSSIAN 63 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:12,840 INFLUENZA, 1889, 1890 USING DATA 64 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:14,520 AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES 65 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:21,200 APPROACHES TO MEDICAL HISTORY. 66 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:22,000 COORDINATES THE TECH DATA AND 67 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:24,160 SOCIAL CONTEXT PROGRAMS WHICH 68 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:24,680 SUSTAINS INTERDISCIPLINARY 69 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:26,360 APPROACH OF DATA ANALYTICS 70 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:27,600 COMPUTATIONAL SKILLS AND 71 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:28,800 CRITICAL THINKING IN HUMANITIES 72 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:32,440 AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. DR. EWING. 73 00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:34,240 TO YOU AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING 74 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:34,440 US. 75 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:36,280 >>THANK YOU, IT IS A PRIVILEGE 76 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:37,560 TO BE PART OF THIS PROGRAM AND 77 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:39,440 VIRGINIA TECH TO RECEIVE SUPPORT 78 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:40,960 FROM THE NIH TO ORGANIZE THE 79 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:42,320 DATA HEALTH AND DIGITAL 80 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:44,200 HUMANITIES SHARED HORIZON TO DO 81 00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:45,480 INITIATIVE YOU MENTIONED WHICH 82 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:48,120 ASSESSES THE PAST DECADE OF DATA 83 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:50,080 INFORMED COMMUNITY SCHOLARSHIP, 84 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:51,840 CHARGES INCREASINGLY 85 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:52,760 INTERDISCIPLINARY FUTURE AND 86 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:54,000 ADDRESSING NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR 87 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,320 ENHANCING DIGITAL HUMANITIES 88 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:58,640 INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITY AND GLOBAL 89 00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:01,200 HEALTH. SHARED HORIZONS MARKS 90 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,440 THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF SHARED 91 00:03:03,440 --> 00:03:05,240 HORIZONS DATA MEDICINE AND 92 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,480 DIGITAL HUMANITIES, UNIQUESIS 93 00:03:08,480 --> 00:03:11,080 POEMIUS IN 2013 WHICH MARKED THE 94 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:12,680 BEGINNING OF THE NIH NLM 95 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:14,440 COLLABORATCOLLABORATION. IN THEN 96 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,240 YEARS NEH AND NLM CO-SPONSORED 97 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:18,440 MANY INITIATIVES EXPLORED THE 98 00:03:18,440 --> 00:03:20,920 INTERSECTION OF BIOMEDICAL AND 99 00:03:20,920 --> 00:03:22,760 HUMANITIES RESEARCH, SHARED 100 00:03:22,760 --> 00:03:24,520 HORIZONS 2 CONTINUES THIS 101 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:25,880 IMPACTFUL DECADE LONG 102 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:27,120 COLLABORATION WHICH IS BROUGHT 103 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:30,360 TOGETHER SCHOLAR SCIENTISTS 104 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:32,200 LIBRARIANS ARCHIVISTS CURATORS, 105 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:34,200 TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS HEALTHCARE 106 00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:37,440 PROFESSIONALS AND CULTURAL 107 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:39,120 HERITAGE ORGANIZATIONS TO SHARE 108 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:40,360 EXPERTISE AND DEVELOP RESEARCH 109 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:42,120 AGENDA. WE HAVE THE FIRST OF TWO 110 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:44,080 LECTURES PART OF DIGITAL HEALTH 111 00:03:44,080 --> 00:03:45,440 DIGITAL HUMANITIES. IT IS A 112 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:47,320 PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE DR. KIM 113 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:49,040 GALLON TO DELIVER THIS LECTURE. 114 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,360 SHE IS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF 115 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:52,280 AFRICANA STUDIES BROWN 116 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:54,240 UNIVERSITY. HE IS ALSO A FELLOW 117 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,000 OF THE JUST TECH PROGRAM, OF THE 118 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:58,080 SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH 119 00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:00,520 COUNCIL. OVER THE ARC OF HER 120 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:02,720 CAREER WORK IS SUPPORTED BY THE 121 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:03,720 AMERICAN COUNCIL LEARNING 122 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,200 SOCIETIES NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR 123 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:08,360 HUMANITIESND SOCIAL SCIENCE 124 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:10,040 COUNCIL AND SPENCER FOUNDATION. 125 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:11,000 HER WORK INVESTIGATED THE 126 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:13,560 CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF THE BLACK 127 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,600 IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTU CENTURYT 128 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:19,080 BOOK AFRICAN AMERICAN READER 129 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:20,560 SHIP SEXUALITY OF BLACK PRESS 130 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:23,520 PUBLISHED IN 2020, ARGUES 131 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:25,120 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY 132 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:27,880 RESPONSE TO BLACK SEXUAL 133 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:29,800 EXPRESSION AGENCY IDENTITY IN IF 134 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:31,240 FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY. 135 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:35,440 ALSO AUTHOR OF FIELD OF FINDING 136 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:36,880 ARTICLE MAKES THE CASE TORR 137 00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:38,440 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES. HER 138 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:39,400 SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 139 00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:41,720 READING AND RESIDENTIAL 140 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:42,440 SEGREGATION INVOLVES MORE IN THE 141 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:43,840 20TH CENTURY. SHE IS ALSO 142 00:04:43,840 --> 00:04:45,520 WORKING ON A BOOK PROJECT ON 143 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:47,440 RACE, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, AND 144 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:49,000 HEALTH EQUITY. TODAY SHE IS WITH 145 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:50,800 US TO TALK ABOUT ASPECTS OF 146 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:52,680 CURRENT RESEARCH AS WELL AS HER 147 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:55,480 FOUNDING DIRECTORSHIP OF THE 148 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:58,080 LEADING BLACK HUMANITIES 149 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:00,280 PROJECT. COVID BLACK. DR. 150 00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:02,520 GALLON, WELCOME, THANK YOU FOR 151 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:04,280 SPEAKING TO US ON SHED SHUTTING 152 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:05,960 THE DIGITAL BACK DOOR, CREATING 153 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:07,400 TECH JUSTICE WITH HEALTH DATA 154 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:08,760 AND LIQUIDITY AND THE BLACK 155 00:05:08,760 --> 00:05:16,000 DIGITAL HUMANITIES. THANK YOU. 156 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:17,240 >>THANK YOU FOR THAT WARM 157 00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:19,240 WELCOMING INTRODUCTION. I WANT 158 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:20,240 TO START OFF THANKING THE 159 00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:24,440 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND 160 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:26,280 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR 161 00:05:26,280 --> 00:05:27,680 HUMANITIES FOR INVITING ME TO BE 162 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:29,240 PART OF THE SHARED HORIZONS 163 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:33,120 PROGRAM, IT IS AN HONOR TO BE 164 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:34,760 PART OF SUCH A DISTINGUISHED 165 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:37,640 COLLABORATION, PARTICULARLY ONE 166 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:41,240 THAT CROSSES DISCIPLINES AS I 167 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:42,720 LIKE TO THINK OF MY WORK AND 168 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:44,480 CERTAINLY MY WORK DOES CROSS 169 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:46,280 DISCIPLINES. I ALSO WANT TO 170 00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:48,720 THANK JEFFREY R EXSNICK AND HIS 171 00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:51,360 TEAM FOR ORGANIZING MY VIRTUAL 172 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:53,360 VISIT CHEMOING IN CONTACT WITH 173 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:54,560 ME SENDING GENTLE REMINDERS. 174 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:57,240 THIS WAS ONE OF THE NEW THINGS 175 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,480 THAT I REALLY WANTED TO DO WHEN 176 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,800 I WAS APPROACHED LAST YEAR, LAST 177 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:04,520 SPRING RATHER, TO DO THIS WORK 178 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:14,880 AND SO IT IS REALLY 179 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:26,000 HUMANITIES. AND BROWN UNIVERSITY 180 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:29,720 ALSO FOR THEIR SUPPORT OF THIS 181 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:32,920 WORK PARTICULARLY AFRICANA 182 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:34,640 STUDIES. SO I ALSO WANT TO START 183 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:38,160 WITH FRAMING A LOT OF MY TALK 184 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:40,280 TODAY BY MY FORMER LIFE AS A 185 00:06:40,280 --> 00:06:42,560 LIBRARIAN. MY FIRST FOR RAY INTO 186 00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:45,440 HIGHER EDUCATION WAS AS AN 187 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:49,360 ACADEMIC LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF 188 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:50,480 PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY WHERE I 189 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:51,600 SPENT A SHORT SIGNIFICANT 190 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:55,080 FOUNDATIONAL TIME AS THE AFRICAN 191 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,840 AMERICAN RESEARCH LIBRARIAN AND 192 00:06:58,840 --> 00:07:00,640 BIBLIOGRAPHY THERE. AND I DID A 193 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:02,360 COUPLE OF STINTS AS PUBLIC 194 00:07:02,360 --> 00:07:03,840 LIBRARIAN AS WELL AS RUTGER 195 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:05,480 HEARSAY UNIVERSITY OF CAMDEN AS 196 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:07,760 ACADEMIC LIBRARY. IN MANY WAYS 197 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:14,440 MY WORK IS SORT OF INTERFACING 198 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:15,600 INTERACTING WITHS AROUND 199 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:16,360 INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, THAT 200 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:26,520 FORMS THE 201 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:48,960 (NO AUDIO) OUT OF COVID HAS 202 00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:49,600 SPENT TIME IN THE NATIONAL 203 00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:51,240 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE DIGITAL 204 00:07:51,240 --> 00:07:54,000 COLLECTIONS WORKING ON MODULES 205 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:55,760 AROUND HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF 206 00:07:55,760 --> 00:07:56,840 RACISM AND MEDICINE WITH 207 00:07:56,840 --> 00:07:59,080 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 208 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:00,800 AND SO AS YOU WILL SEE LATER ON 209 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:04,320 IN MY TALK TODAY, I DRAW HEAVILY 210 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:06,320 FROM COLLECTIONSB. AS RESOURCES 211 00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:13,120 FOR CLINICIANS WHO ARE 212 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:14,800 DISCOVERING BECOMING AIN'T 213 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:16,920 ACQUAINTED WITH HISTORICAL 214 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:18,440 FOUNDATIONS OF RACISM AND 215 00:08:18,440 --> 00:08:19,520 MEDICINE, THE NATIONAL LIBRARY 216 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:21,120 OF MEDICINE IS INCREDIBLE 217 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:23,960 REPOSITORY WE HAD INCORPORATED 218 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:25,880 AND MYSELF INTO THESE MODULES. 219 00:08:25,880 --> 00:08:27,680 WE ARE GRATEFUL FOR THAT. I WANT 220 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:31,000 TO START OFF BY TALKING ABOUT 221 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:32,240 THE REAL VALUE BEING ABLE THE 222 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:35,360 USE THESE COLLECTIONS TO CREATE 223 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:36,480 MEANING AND NARRATIVES AROUND 224 00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:38,920 HISTORY OF RACISM AND MEDICINE. 225 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:42,280 I ALSO WANT TO SAY THAT A PART 226 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:44,360 OF MY TALK TODAY WILL ALSO BE 227 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:45,840 CRITICALLY ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS 228 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:47,600 TO CREATE DIGITAL COLLECTION 229 00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:49,800 AROUND RACISM AND IN THE HISTORY 230 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:53,200 OF MEDICINE ANDSCOPY BOTH BRING 231 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:58,480 A CRITIQUE BUT ALSO A VERY 232 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:00,480 CELEBRATORY LAUDTORY COMMENT 233 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:03,800 AROUND THIS AS REPOSITORY. SO MY 234 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:06,000 TALK TODAY IS GOING TO COVER 235 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:07,360 SEVERAL DIFFERENT THINGS THAT I 236 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:09,240 HOPE I CAN BRING TOGETHER IN 237 00:09:09,240 --> 00:09:11,360 SOME SENSE. I EXPECT THE TALK -- 238 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:13,280 TO TALK FOR ABOUT 45 TO 50 239 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:14,840 MINUTES, GOING TO TRY TO DO A 240 00:09:14,840 --> 00:09:16,200 GOOD JOB OF STICKING TO THE 241 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:18,440 SLIDES AND NOT DIGRESSING TOO 242 00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:20,080 MUCH SO THAT THERE IS MUCH TIME 243 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:22,440 FOR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR 244 00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:24,840 ME. SO THE OVERVIEW OF MY TALK 245 00:09:24,840 --> 00:09:26,720 TODAY TO THINK ABOUT THESE BIG 246 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:29,720 QUESTIONS THAT DRIVE MY WORK 247 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:31,600 AROUND RACE, DIGITAL HEALTH, 248 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:34,400 DIGITAL HUMANITIES. I WANT TO 249 00:09:34,400 --> 00:09:36,640 SET THIS TALK TO MAKE SURE WE 250 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:38,400 UNDERSTAND HOW I APPROACH 251 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:41,720 DIGITAL HUMANITIES FROM A BLACK 252 00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:43,440 DH, DIGITAL HUMANITIES 253 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:44,840 PERSPECTIVE SO YOU UNDERSTAND 254 00:09:44,840 --> 00:09:46,240 SOME OF THE PATHWAYS THAT MY 255 00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:47,400 WORK TAKES AS WELL AS SOME OF 256 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:49,280 THE QUESTIONS I'M ASKING. THEN I 257 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:50,720 WANT TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 258 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,800 THE DIGITAL BACK DOOR, 259 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:55,400 CONCEPTUALIZATION THAT I HAVE 260 00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:57,520 DEVELOPED AS WAY TO TALK ABOUT 261 00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:59,400 DIGITAL HEALTH AND HEALTH 262 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:02,960 INEQUITIES THAT ARE EMBEDDED AND 263 00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:03,680 TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. 264 00:10:03,680 --> 00:10:04,960 THEN I WANT TO LOOK SPECIFICALLY 265 00:10:04,960 --> 00:10:07,160 AT NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 266 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:09,320 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS I WANT TO 267 00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:10,800 MAKE AN ARGUMENT THEY FUNCTION 268 00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:14,600 AS DING TALL BOOK DOOR 269 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:15,240 UNWHITTINGLY UNINTENTIONALLY BUT 270 00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:16,640 NONETHELESS ONES THAT CREATE 271 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:18,640 INEQUITY HUH WE THINK ABOUT THE 272 00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:20,280 HISTORY OF RACISM AND MEDICINE. 273 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:22,640 I WANT TO END ON A OPTIMISTIC 274 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:24,680 NOTE AND A REALLY CHALLENGE TO 275 00:10:24,680 --> 00:10:27,440 ALL OF US TO THINK MORE 276 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:29,640 CRITICALLY ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF 277 00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:31,680 DATA LIQUIDITY AND HOW THAT 278 00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:33,480 MIGHT ALONG WITH BLACK DIGITAL 279 00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:35,160 HUMANITIES ACT AS AN 280 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:36,720 INTERVENTION IN THE WAYS WE 281 00:10:36,720 --> 00:10:38,760 BUILD TECHNOLOGICAL 282 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:39,280 INFRASTRUCTURE AROUND THE 283 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:42,360 HISTORY OF RACISM MEDICINE, HOW 284 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:45,920 WE BUILD TECH NO LOGICAL 285 00:10:45,920 --> 00:10:46,680 INFRASTRUCTURE IN DIGITAL HEALTH 286 00:10:46,680 --> 00:10:48,160 HOW PEOPLE RECEIVE AND ACCESS 287 00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:50,000 CARE. SO I WILL START WITH SOME 288 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:52,640 OF THE BIG QUESTIONS THAT DRIVE 289 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:54,640 MY OVERARCHING WORK BUT ALSO 290 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:56,560 CERTAINLY THE TALK THAT I'M 291 00:10:56,560 --> 00:10:58,680 GIVING TODAY. SO THAT FIRST 292 00:10:58,680 --> 00:11:01,000 QUESTION, ONLY THREE OF THEM BUT 293 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:02,800 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CONNECT 294 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:04,080 HEALTH AND WELL BEING EXPLORING 295 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:06,640 WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HUMAN IN A 296 00:11:06,640 --> 00:11:08,600 WORLD THAT PIVOTS ONE DIGITAL 297 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:12,080 TECHNOLOGIES? I THIS I THAT WE 298 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:15,440 TALK ABOUT DIGITAL HEALTH AND 299 00:11:15,440 --> 00:11:16,840 WELL BEING AND DIGITAL 300 00:11:16,840 --> 00:11:18,920 TECHNOLOGIES ARE FRAMED AT THE 301 00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:20,400 ALMOST UNIVERSAL GOOD IN TERMS 302 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:24,040 OF ACCESSING HEALTHCARE AND I 303 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:25,040 WOULD LIKE TO TROUBLE THAT A 304 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:26,200 LITTLE BIT AND MY WORK QUESTIONS 305 00:11:26,200 --> 00:11:28,000 WHAT IT MEANS TO CONNECT HEALTH 306 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,680 AND WELL BEING TO TECHNOLOGY. MY 307 00:11:30,680 --> 00:11:32,120 SECOND QUESTION, HOW CAN THE 308 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:34,480 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES FOSTER 309 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:36,120 SHAPE EQUITABLE JUST DIGITAL 310 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:37,120 PROCESSES AND HEALTH 311 00:11:37,120 --> 00:11:38,520 TECHNOLOGIES. IN A MINUTE I WILL 312 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:40,280 TALK ABOUT WHAT I MEAN BY BLACK 313 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:42,840 DH. BUT I THINK THAT DIGITAL 314 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,600 HUMANITIES IN GENERAL SHOULD BE 315 00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:47,880 ENGAGED WITH THE HUMAN. RIGHT? I 316 00:11:47,880 --> 00:11:51,760 TAKE THE FACT THAT DIGITAL 317 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:53,080 HUMANITIES FOSTERS ON THESE 318 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:53,760 QUESTIONS AND ESSENTIAL 319 00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:55,000 QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMANITY, NOT 320 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:56,440 ONES THAT WE JUST TALK ABOUT IN 321 00:11:56,440 --> 00:12:00,760 THE ACADEMY, OR IN OUR FIVE 322 00:12:00,760 --> 00:12:02,440 BUBBLES BUT ONES THAT CERTAINLY 323 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:05,640 SHOULD HAVE IMPACT ON PEOPLE'S 324 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:07,800 LIVES ON THE GROUND IT WAS 325 00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:09,320 REALLY WHY I STARTED COVID BLACK 326 00:12:09,320 --> 00:12:11,520 AS A FIRST RESPONSE DIGITAL 327 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:12,920 HUMANITIES PROJECT THAT COULD 328 00:12:12,920 --> 00:12:15,600 DEMONSTRATE THE VALUE OF 329 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:16,840 TECHNOLOGY HUMAN ETHIC QUESTIONS 330 00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:19,360 ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS TO THINK AND 331 00:12:19,360 --> 00:12:21,520 COLLECT AND VISUALIZE DATA ON 332 00:12:21,520 --> 00:12:23,520 MORTALITY AND RACE AND COVID. 333 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:25,000 THEN MY LAST QUESTION IS WHAT IS 334 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:27,200 THE ROLE OF DIGITAL COLLECTIONS 335 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:29,480 IN ESTABLISHING DIGITAL 336 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:31,520 TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 337 00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:32,720 THAT MIGHT FUNCTION PATHWAYS TO 338 00:12:32,720 --> 00:12:34,520 JUSTICE AND INJUSTICE. AND 339 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:38,400 HEALTH AND MEDICINE. IRONICALLY, 340 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:40,080 I WILL FIND THE TIME TO WRITE 341 00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:43,120 OBJECT THIS ONE DAY, THERE IS AN 342 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:44,800 INCREDIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 343 00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:46,480 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS AND ACADEMIC 344 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:50,320 LIBRARIES AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES 345 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:51,760 AND CONVERSION OF PAPER BASED 346 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:53,800 RECORDS TO DIGITIZE ELECTRONIC 347 00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:55,800 HEALTH RECORDS. IN MANY WAYS, 348 00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:58,240 ACADEMIC AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES 349 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:00,680 BEGIN DIGITIZING THEIR 350 00:13:00,680 --> 00:13:02,160 COLLECTIONS BEFORE CONVERSION OF 351 00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:04,480 PAPER BASED RECORDS THAT HAPPENS 352 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:08,360 IN THE EARLY 2000s. RIGHT? SO 353 00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:10,080 I THINK THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP 354 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:13,080 THERE AND MANY WAYS THE ACADEMIC 355 00:13:13,080 --> 00:13:14,640 LIBRARIES AND THEIR PROCESSES 356 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:18,280 MEDICAL LIBRARIES AND PROCESSES 357 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:20,720 COULD IN SOME SENSE BE A MODEL 358 00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:22,960 AND SET THE TONE FOR HOW TO 359 00:13:22,960 --> 00:13:24,520 CREATE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS 360 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:26,840 JUST AND EQUITABLE. SO WHAT DO I 361 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:27,840 MEAN BY BLACK DIGITAL 362 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:30,160 HUMANITIES? BLACK DIGITAL 363 00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:33,680 HUMANITIES TO ME IS A WAY OF 364 00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:35,680 THINKING ABOUT A SPACE, A 365 00:13:35,680 --> 00:13:36,880 STRUCTURE AND DELIBERATE SPACE 366 00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:39,280 TO CONSIDER AND TO CREATE 367 00:13:39,280 --> 00:13:41,080 KNOWLEDGE THAT LIES AT THE 368 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:42,320 INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN THE 369 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:44,960 DIGITAL HUMANITY AND BLACKNESS. 370 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:49,280 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES IS VERY 371 00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:56,880 MUCHS AREDRESTED EPISTEMOLOGIESF 372 00:13:56,880 --> 00:13:59,280 AFRICANA AND BLACK STUDIES. ONE 373 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:01,360 OF THE QUESTIONS IS WHAT DOES IT 374 00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:03,360 MEAN TO BE HUMAN BECAUSE BLACK 375 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:05,360 PEOPLE, PEOPLE OF AFRICAN 376 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,200 DESCENT THROUGH ENSLAVEMENT AND 377 00:14:08,200 --> 00:14:10,560 COLONIZATION, THESE GLOBAL 378 00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:12,240 PROCESSES, THEIR HUMANITIES 379 00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:14,640 HASN'T AND CONTINUES TO NOT 380 00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:16,680 NECESSARILY BE A GIVEN. SO BLACK 381 00:14:16,680 --> 00:14:18,160 DIGITAL HUMANITIES AGAIN, 382 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:21,480 FOCUSING ON THE HUMANITY, LOOKS 383 00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:23,160 AND EXPLORES WHAT IT MEANS TO BE 384 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:26,720 HUMAN FROM THIS STANDPOINT BLACK 385 00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:27,360 DING TA HUMANITIES ALSO 386 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:28,640 QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES THE 387 00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:30,120 INHERENT VALUE OF DIGITAL 388 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:32,440 TECHNOLOGY AS A POSITIVE GOOD AS 389 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:36,400 A UNIVERSAL GOOD. IT DOESN'T 390 00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:38,400 NEGATE THE GOOD TECHNOLOGY 391 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:40,560 OFFERS US AND DOESN'T NEGATE THE 392 00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:42,320 WAYS MAKES HEALTHCARE MORE 393 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:43,640 ASSESSABLE OR KNOWLEDGE MORE 394 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:45,640 ACCESSIBLE BUT CREATES AND 395 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:46,520 CHALLENGES, CREATES QUESTIONS 396 00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:48,720 AND CHALLENGES OF US TO THINK 397 00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:50,560 CRITICALLY ABOUT THIS TECHNOLOGY 398 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:52,600 AND HOW IT MIGHT BE A DOUBLE 399 00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:55,400 EDGE SWORD WHERE ONE END OFFERS 400 00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:57,760 ACCESS EVEN AS FORE CLOSES OR 401 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:01,200 CREATES OTHER INJUSTICES. 402 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:02,720 FINALLY, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, AS 403 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:03,880 A METHOD RECOVERING BLACK 404 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:05,200 HUMANITY AND JUSTICE, OR 405 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:08,080 CREATING JUSTICE IS ALSO A PART 406 00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:09,200 OF BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITY, AGAIN 407 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:11,520 FROM MY PERSPECTIVE. I DON'T 408 00:15:11,520 --> 00:15:13,200 KNOW THAT I COULD BE IN ANY SORT 409 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:15,440 OF FIELD THAT HAS A LITTLE 410 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:17,400 IMPACT ON PEOPLE'S LIVED 411 00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:19,400 EXPERIENCES. SO WHEN I ENGAGE IN 412 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:21,200 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES, IT IS 413 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:23,080 ALWAYS TO THINK ABOUT HOW MY 414 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,280 WORK CAN IMPACT COMMUNITIES AND 415 00:15:27,280 --> 00:15:29,040 I SAY THAT PLURAL WITHIN THE 416 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:31,280 ACADEMY AND OUTSIDE THE ACADEMY 417 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:32,400 AND ANYTHING ELSE IN BETWEEN 418 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:34,120 THOSE TWO THINGS. SO I WANT TO 419 00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:36,080 SET THE GROUND AND SET THE STAGE 420 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:37,880 FOR HOW I'M THINKING ABOUT BLACK 421 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:39,240 DIGITAL HUMANITIES, BECAUSE I'M 422 00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:42,600 GOING TO END THE TALK TODAY WITH 423 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:45,560 HOPEFULLY A CHARGE, CHALLENGE TO 424 00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:48,840 ALL OF US TO USE A BLACK DH 425 00:15:48,840 --> 00:15:49,680 PRACTICE OR SOMETHING SIMILAR TO 426 00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:51,160 IT AND HOW WE THINK ABOUT 427 00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:52,840 TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH. SO THE 428 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:54,840 DIGITAL BACK DOOR. THE DIGITAL 429 00:15:54,840 --> 00:15:57,480 BACK DOOR IS A MANIFESTATION OF 430 00:15:57,480 --> 00:15:58,720 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES 431 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:00,760 PROJECT. IT IS A CASE STUDY FOR 432 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:03,920 BLACK DH AND EQUITABLE JUST 433 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:05,040 HEALTH TECHNOLOGY OR THINKING 434 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,080 ABOUT HOW TO GET TO THAT. SO THE 435 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:08,520 DIGITAL BACK DOOR REALLY COMES 436 00:16:08,520 --> 00:16:10,720 FROM THIS CONCEPT OF THAT IS 437 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:14,160 REALLY POPULAR RIGHT NOW, LIKE 438 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:16,880 LOTS OF THINGS HEALTHCARE, 439 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:18,360 ACADEMIA, BIG TECH. THERE ARE 440 00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:21,240 BUZZ WORDS AND PHRASES THAT ARE 441 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:23,240 SORT OF IN. THE DIGITAL FRONT 442 00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:24,280 DOOR RIGHT NOW IS SOMETHING 443 00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:27,280 BEING TALKED A LOT ABOUT IN 444 00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:30,080 DIGITAL HEALTH. WITH HEALTH TECH 445 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:32,240 COMPANIES, REALLY SORT OF MAKING 446 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:34,480 A CASE FOR THIS IDEA THAT HAS 447 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:39,240 LARGELY BEEN AROUND FOR A WHILE, 448 00:16:39,240 --> 00:16:40,720 THAT CREATING A PLACE OR 449 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:44,360 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEOPLE TO 450 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:46,280 ACCESS TECHNOLOGY IN ALL ASPECT 451 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:47,960 OF THEIR LIFE. THE HEALTHCARE 452 00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:50,040 INDUSTRY IS NOW TALKING ABOUT A 453 00:16:50,040 --> 00:16:51,840 DIGITAL FRONT DOOR. SO FROM THE 454 00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:53,400 MOMENT YOU LOG ON TO THE 455 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:57,680 INTERNET THEY WANT TO CREATE A 456 00:16:57,680 --> 00:17:00,360 SYSTEM, EXPERIENCE FOR YOU, THAT 457 00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:02,160 ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE THESE TOUCH 458 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:04,920 POINTS THAT ENGAGE WITH DIGITAL 459 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,280 TECHNOLOGY THAT STREAMLINE 460 00:17:07,280 --> 00:17:08,480 INTEROPERABLE, THAT IS A 461 00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:11,200 HOLISTIC SYSTEM. IT MADE ME 462 00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:13,640 REALLY THINK ABOUT DOORS AND 463 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:15,280 ACCESS AND WHO IS ALLOWED TO GO 464 00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:17,920 IN, WHO IS ALLOWED TO LEAVE, AND 465 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:20,160 I THOUGHT ABOUT THE BACK DOORS 466 00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:22,080 THAT BLACK COMMUNITIES PEOPLE OF 467 00:17:22,080 --> 00:17:23,640 COLOR, THE LITERAL BACK DOORS 468 00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:27,520 PEOPLE HAD TO GO IN TO TO 469 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:29,000 RESTAURANTS OR THEATERS OR JUST 470 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:30,760 TO EVEN WORK IN SOMEONE'S HOME, 471 00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:32,440 A WHITE PERSON'S HOME. I THOUGHT 472 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:34,640 ABOUT HOW TECHNOLOGY EVEN AS 473 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:37,560 OFFERS AN ACCESS, MANY PEOPLE 474 00:17:37,560 --> 00:17:43,440 ARE YOU SHAL YARE USHERED INTO L 475 00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:45,000 BACK DOORS, TECHNOLOGICAL 476 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:46,920 PROCESSES AND TOOLS IN 477 00:17:46,920 --> 00:17:49,560 HEALTHCARE SUCH AS RACIALLY 478 00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:51,600 BIASED INFRASTRUCTURE 479 00:17:51,600 --> 00:17:54,160 LIMITATIONS, DIGITAL RED LINE, 480 00:17:54,160 --> 00:17:56,920 DIRTY DATA, THINGS THAT CREATE 481 00:17:56,920 --> 00:17:58,040 INEQUITIES UNWITTINGLY AND 482 00:17:58,040 --> 00:17:59,200 THAT'S ONE THING THAT I WANT TO 483 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:01,400 -- A BIG TAKE AWAY FOR US TO 484 00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:04,760 THINK ABOUT IN MY TALK IS THAT 485 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:08,160 MUCH INEQUITYS WE SEE IN DIGITAL 486 00:18:08,160 --> 00:18:10,440 TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT NECESSARILY 487 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:11,560 INTENTIONAL. THEY ARE THERE 488 00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:14,600 BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF CARE, 489 00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:16,960 LACK OF INSIGHT. LACK OF TIME. 490 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:19,920 LACK OF STAFFINGING. TO CREATE 491 00:18:19,920 --> 00:18:24,240 PROCESSES THAT ARE INTENTIONALLY 492 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:27,040 JUST INTENTIONALLY DEAL WITH 493 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:27,880 LARGER SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 494 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:29,360 HEALTH AND HOW THEY COME TO BEAR 495 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:31,360 ON PEOPLE'S ACCESS TO DIGITAL 496 00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:36,200 HEALTH. SO THESE DIGITAL BACK 497 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:38,840 DOORS, UNWITTINGLY, I DO LEAVE 498 00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:40,760 ROOM SOME ARE INTENTIONAL, I 499 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:42,000 DON'T THINK MOST ARE AND SOME 500 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:44,040 WAYS THAT MAKES IT MORE HARMFUL 501 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,720 BECAUSE THEY SEEM NORMALIZED, 502 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:51,040 SEEM WITHOUT ANY SORT OF ILL 503 00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:52,920 INTENT EVEN IS THEY MIGHT HAVE 504 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:56,240 ILL INTENT. THESE EXACERBATE 505 00:18:56,240 --> 00:18:58,360 HEALTH INEQUITIES ORGANIZATION 506 00:18:58,360 --> 00:18:59,560 DEFINES SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCES 507 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,200 IN THE HEALTH STATUS OF 508 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:04,880 DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS. SO 509 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:09,320 THESE DIGITAL BACK DOORS, CREATE 510 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:13,440 A HOLISTIC STREAMLINE EXPERIENCE 511 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,200 AND NOT UNINTERRUPTED. THE GROUP 512 00:19:18,200 --> 00:19:20,120 OR IDEA GOING TO A DIGITAL BACK 513 00:19:20,120 --> 00:19:21,240 DOOR YOU ARE ABLE TO ACCESS 514 00:19:21,240 --> 00:19:23,120 CARE. IS THAT THE CARE THAT YOU 515 00:19:23,120 --> 00:19:26,120 MIGHT ACCESS IF YOU WERE ABLE TO 516 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:27,080 EXPERIENCE HEALTHCARE OR HEALTH 517 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:30,480 THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES 518 00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:32,040 WITHOUT THESE PARTICULAR 519 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:35,080 PROCESSING TOOLS? PROBABLY NOT. 520 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:36,760 BUT BEING ABLE TO ACCESS CARE 521 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:38,800 ONE IS ABLE TO EXTRACT OR 522 00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:42,040 RECEIVE SOME CARE IN SOME GOOD. 523 00:19:42,040 --> 00:19:44,280 I THINK THAT WE NEED TO SPEAK 524 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:46,200 ABOUT DIGITAL HEALTH INEQUITIES 525 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:48,320 AND EQUITIES IN GENERAL AND 526 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:52,040 THESE COMPLEX WAYS THEY ARE NOT 527 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:54,480 BLACK OR WHITE EITHER BAD OR 528 00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:56,160 GOOD BUT YOU CAN ACHIEVE SOME 529 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,320 CARE AND SOME GOOD EVEN IN 530 00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:02,800 SYSTEMS THAT OVERALL ARE ARE 531 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:05,080 OPPRESSIVE OR EXASPERATE OR 532 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:07,720 CREATE INEQUITIES. T SO THE 533 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:09,800 DIGITAL BACK DOOR, I WANT TO USE 534 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:12,200 MY IDEAS AROUND DIGITAL 535 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:14,000 HUMANITIES, SORT OF MAKE THIS 536 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:19,480 COME ALIVE. FOR PEOPLE. RENEE 537 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:23,800 PAIN WHO IS DESIGNER, FIRM THAT 538 00:20:23,800 --> 00:20:25,240 DESIGNS FOR TECH JUSTICE AND 539 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:26,680 SOCIAL JUSTICE, HELP ME DESIGN 540 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:28,800 AND THINK ABOUT WHAT A DIGITAL 541 00:20:28,800 --> 00:20:31,040 BACK DOOR MIGHT LOOK LIKE IF WE 542 00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:32,880 WERE TO VISUALIZE IT. SO I'LL 543 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,760 PLAY, THIS IS A 30 SECOND CLIP 544 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:38,640 OF WHAT WE MIGHT THINK ABOUT AS 545 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:41,840 DIGITAL BACK DOOR. HOW IT IS 546 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:45,040 OPEN IN ONE INSTANCE, HOW IT 547 00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:47,280 MOVES AROUND, SO IN ONE INSTANCE 548 00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:49,000 YOU ARE ACCESSING DIGITAL HEALTH 549 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:52,760 AND ONE AREA, LIFE THAT MIGHT BE 550 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:56,640 TELEHEALTH OR TELEMEDICINE, IT 551 00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:58,080 MOVES AND YOU MIGHT BE ACCESSING 552 00:20:58,080 --> 00:20:59,680 YOUR ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD 553 00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:03,680 AND IN THAT INSTANCE YOU MAY 554 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:05,720 EXPERIENCE EQUITABLE 555 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:07,560 ACCESSIBILITY BUT OTHER INSTANCE 556 00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:11,320 YOU MAY NOT. SO THIS DIGITAL 557 00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:14,200 BACK DOOR IS DECEPTIVELY -- I'M 558 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:17,360 SORRY, GOT TO MOVE FORWARD. THIS 559 00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:19,360 DIGITAL BACK DOOR, I THINK 560 00:21:19,360 --> 00:21:23,000 TECHNOLOGY IN GENERAL CAN BE, 561 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,640 DECEPTIVELY LIBTORY AS CONSUMERS 562 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:32,120 OF DIGIT DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES TE 563 00:21:32,120 --> 00:21:33,440 ARE LED TO BELIEVE TECHNOLOGY IS 564 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:35,120 A SOURCE OF LIBERATION OPPOSED 565 00:21:35,120 --> 00:21:36,920 TO BEING TETHERED TO MACHINES 566 00:21:36,920 --> 00:21:43,160 THAT MAY OR MAY NOT NECESSARILY 567 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:44,800 EMPHASIZE OR REPRESENT FULL 568 00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:46,680 HUMANITY OR ALLOW US TO ACCESS 569 00:21:46,680 --> 00:21:48,440 OUR FULL HUMANITY SO THAT IN THE 570 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:49,480 DIGITAL BACK DOOR VISUALIZATION 571 00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:51,600 I TOLD YOU OPENING BUT ALSO 572 00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:55,240 CLOSING THAT MOVING AROUND 573 00:21:55,240 --> 00:21:58,720 SUGGESTS A WAY OF THINKING ABOUT 574 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:00,160 TECHNOLOGY THAT MIGHT BE -- LEAD 575 00:22:00,160 --> 00:22:05,240 US TO THINKING THAT IT IS SOLELY 576 00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:06,680 LIBERTORY AND NOT THINKING THE 577 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:08,640 CONSEQUENCES OF THE DOWN SIDE OF 578 00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:10,720 COMPLETELY TECHNOLOGICALLY 579 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:13,440 DRIVEN SOCIETY OR HEALTHCARE. I 580 00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:15,720 WANT TO CONVEY THAT 581 00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:17,160 DIGITALIZATION, THE VISUAL AND 582 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:18,320 NARRATIVE CHALLENGE OF 583 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:20,160 NAVIGATING A HEALTH SYSTEM BOTH 584 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:21,760 ACCESSIBLE AND INACCESSIBLE TO 585 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:23,680 BLACK COMMUNITIES WE KNOW THAT 586 00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:24,800 BLACK AND BROWN COMMUNITIES ARE 587 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:28,120 MUCH MORE LIKELY TO INTERACT 588 00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:32,560 WITH HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS, THROUGH 589 00:22:32,560 --> 00:22:33,840 TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL 590 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:34,960 INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS LIMITED 591 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:38,280 THROUGH DIGITAL RED LINING. WE 592 00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:41,080 KNOW DOCUMENTATION AND 593 00:22:41,080 --> 00:22:42,760 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS 594 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:44,120 REPRESENT SOMETIMES CREATES 595 00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:46,320 BIASES IN THE WAYS THE LANGUAGE 596 00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:49,600 IS USED. BLACK AND BROWN 597 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:50,760 COMMUNITIES OFTEN ARE LEAST 598 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:52,760 LIKELY TO ACCESS THEIR PERSONAL 599 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:53,960 HEALTH RECORDS BECAUSE LOW 600 00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:58,920 LEVELS OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND 601 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:05,040 NUMB RACINESSING SOME OF T 602 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,200 NUMERACY THAT IS IN THE 603 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:08,680 LANGUAGE, WE DO SEE 604 00:23:08,680 --> 00:23:10,080 DISPROPORTIONATE RATES LESS 605 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:11,880 LIKELY OF BLACK AND BROWN 606 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:13,560 COMMUNITIES. THAT 607 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:14,160 DIGITALIZATION, THE INTENTION 608 00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:15,640 WAS TO EMPHASIZE HOW HEALTHCARE 609 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:19,440 IS A LUCID AND SORT OF MYSTERY, 610 00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:22,720 FOR MANY PEOPLE THAT WE TALK 611 00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:26,080 ABOUT DIGITAL HEALTH AS BEING 612 00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:27,760 OPENING UP HEALTH BUT FOR MANY 613 00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:29,600 PEOPLE IT ACTUALLY HAS MADE 614 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:32,840 HEALTH MORE OBSCURE. TO INTERACT 615 00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:38,120 WITH ONE'S HEALTHCARE 616 00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:39,400 PRACTITIONER, CAN BE GREAT 617 00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:41,920 DURING PANDEMIC BUT ALSO LENDS A 618 00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:43,000 LITTLE MYSTIQUE AND MYSTERY 619 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:44,040 ABOUT THE HEALTHCARE IN A SENSE 620 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:45,680 WHEN YOU ARE NOT SITTING DOWN 621 00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:47,080 WITH SOMEONE IN THE PHYSICAL AND 622 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:50,520 THEIR PHYSICAL PRESENCE. SO THAT 623 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:53,280 IS WHAT I HOPE THIS DIGITAL BACK 624 00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:57,160 DOOR SYMBOLIZES TO PEOPLE IN 625 00:23:57,160 --> 00:23:58,920 TERMS HOW WE MIGHT THINK ABOUT 626 00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:00,920 HEALTHCARE. DIGITAL BACK DOOR IS 627 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:02,840 SHIFT OVER A LITTLE BIT TO 628 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:04,400 DIGITAL COLLECTION, YOU MAYBE 629 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:05,960 ASKING HOW TO MOVE TO DIGITAL 630 00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:08,800 COLLECTIONS AND METADATA IN THIS 631 00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:10,000 DIGITAL BACK DOOR DIGITAL BACK 632 00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:13,960 DOORS ARE NOT CREATED IN SILOS. 633 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:16,680 EQUITIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL 634 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:17,480 INFRASTRUCTURE, DIGITAL HEALTH 635 00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,440 IS NOT CREATED IN A SILO. THERE 636 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:22,320 ARE HUMAN ACTORS AND PEOPLE THAT 637 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:26,280 CREATE DIGITAL HEALTH SYSTEMS 638 00:24:26,280 --> 00:24:29,360 AND INFRASTRUCTURE UNWITTINGLY 639 00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:31,360 IMPACT PEOPLE. I ALSO THINK 640 00:24:31,360 --> 00:24:34,160 THERE IS AN INFRASTRUCTURE OF 641 00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:36,040 INFORMATION SHARING, AND 642 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:38,640 KNOWLEDGE SHARING THAT SHARES A 643 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:43,040 LOT WITH TECHNOLOGICAL DIGITAL 644 00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:44,440 HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE. DIGITAL 645 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:46,200 BACK DOORS LINK TO BROADER 646 00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:49,440 SYSTEM OF INHE CAN THE IS AND 647 00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:50,280 TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND 648 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:51,840 I WANT TO SHOW YOU HOW OTHER 649 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:54,960 DIGITAL BACK DOORS OPERATE AND 650 00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:56,920 CREATE CHALLENGES FOR ACCESSING 651 00:24:56,920 --> 00:25:01,000 A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND RACISM 652 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:02,960 AND MEDICINE THAT CERTAINLY IS 653 00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:03,720 INFORMATIVE AND NECESSARY FOR 654 00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:04,960 PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING IN 655 00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,680 DIGITAL HEALTH. SO THE ONE THING 656 00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:10,680 WE KNOW THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 657 00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:12,720 MEDICINE IS INSTRUMENTAL IN, I 658 00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:16,760 STARTED OFF SAYING CLINICIANS 659 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:18,920 NOW WILL BE ABLE TO CONNECT THE 660 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:20,600 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 661 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:22,600 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS TO THIS 662 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:25,040 NARRATIVE OF HISTORY OF RACISM, 663 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,240 SO THESE MODULES CREATED, 664 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:28,920 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IS 665 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:30,440 CITED THROUGH THERE FOR DIGITAL 666 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:31,680 COLLECTIONS THAT CLINICIANS NOW 667 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:35,480 LINK BACK TO DEFINE ORIGINAL 668 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:36,360 SOURCES THAT HELPS UNDERSTAND 669 00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:38,920 HOW WE GET TO A HEALTHCARE 670 00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:41,000 SYSTEM THAT BOTH CREATED CARE 671 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:45,880 FOR PEOPLE AND HAS HELPED PEOPLE 672 00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:46,920 BUT AT THE SAME TIME CALL PEOPLE 673 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:48,800 IN THE HISTORY OF THE LEGACY OF 674 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:51,000 RACISM BUT THIS DIGITAL LIBRARY 675 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:52,640 AS MUCH OF THE DIGITAL 676 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:54,040 COLLECTION NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 677 00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:57,360 MEDICINE, OPENS UP THESE AVENUES 678 00:25:57,360 --> 00:25:59,040 TO DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE 679 00:25:59,040 --> 00:26:01,600 HISTORY OF RACISM AND MEDICINE, 680 00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:04,240 UNFORTUNATELY IT ALSO CLOSES. 681 00:26:04,240 --> 00:26:07,560 RIGHT? SO I SHARE THE REST OF MY 682 00:26:07,560 --> 00:26:09,040 TALK HOPING THAT IT WILL BE 683 00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:11,680 SHARE IN GOOD FAITH THAT I 684 00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:12,960 TALKING ABOUT THE LIMITATIONS OF 685 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:14,560 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 686 00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:16,880 AND DIGITAL COLLECTION AS WAY TO 687 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,800 OPEN A CONVERSATION AND WAY FOR 688 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:21,640 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS BOTH IN THE 689 00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:23,600 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE BUT 690 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:24,960 OTHER PLACES TO BE A MODEL HOW 691 00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:27,720 TO CREATE TECHNOLOGICAL 692 00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:28,840 INFRASTRUCTURE THAT ACTS AS 693 00:26:28,840 --> 00:26:32,120 INTERVENTION INTO THE HISTORY OF 694 00:26:32,120 --> 00:26:34,720 RACISM AND RAISE, MEDICINE AND 695 00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:38,520 SCIENCE. METADATA THAT I THINK 696 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:41,560 WE MIGHT THINK ABOUT BEING A 697 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:44,440 CHALLENGE. WE KNOW CONVERSATIONS 698 00:26:44,440 --> 00:26:46,280 DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE THORNY 699 00:26:46,280 --> 00:26:51,240 NATURE OF METADATA IS PART OF A 700 00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:52,040 FUNDAMENTAL CONVERSATION WHEN 701 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:53,840 YOU TALK DIGITAL COLLECTIONS. 702 00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:54,880 MANY PEOPLE HAVE TALKED ABOUT 703 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:59,080 THE WAYS THAT GET AROUND FAULTY 704 00:26:59,080 --> 00:27:00,440 METADATA, METADATA THAT IS 705 00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:02,080 INCOMPLETE, METADATA THAT IS 706 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:03,960 INCONSISTENT. METADATA THAT 707 00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:07,600 DOESN'T CAPTURE THE NUANCES OF 708 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:08,640 THE PARTICULAR OBJECT OR DIGITAL 709 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:10,600 ITEM. SO THAT IS WHAT I WOULD 710 00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,160 LIKE TO TALK ABOUT IN THE 711 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:14,960 CONTEXT OF THIS DIGITAL BACK 712 00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:17,320 DOOR HOW METADATA AND DIGITAL 713 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:18,600 COLLECTIONS CAN ACT AS ANOTHER 714 00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:19,800 FORM OF DIGITAL BACK DOOR IN THE 715 00:27:19,800 --> 00:27:21,880 HISTORY OF RACISM AND MEDICINE. 716 00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:23,960 I WANT TO SHOW YOU THESE IMAGES 717 00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:26,920 AND I WANT TO JUST TAKE ABOUT 718 00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:28,560 MAYBE TEN, 20 SECONDS FOR YOU TO 719 00:27:28,560 --> 00:27:32,840 LOOK AT THESE IMAGES AND THINK 720 00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:34,440 ABOUT THEM, WHAT YOU SEE, WHAT 721 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:36,760 THESE IMAGES MEAN TO YOU. I WILL 722 00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:38,200 TALK ABOUT EACH OF THEM. THERE'S 723 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:40,120 THREE IN A ROW THEN I WILL STOP 724 00:27:40,120 --> 00:27:41,680 AND TALK ABOUT THEM. THESE ARE 725 00:27:41,680 --> 00:27:45,560 IMAGES FROM THE NATIONAL LIBRARY 726 00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:47,160 MEDICINE, AND THERE ARE 727 00:27:47,160 --> 00:27:48,160 INTERESTING IMAGES IF YOU WANT 728 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:49,360 TO SEE IF YOU WANT TO PUT 729 00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:50,800 SOMETHING IN THE CHAT, I CAN'T 730 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:52,240 SEE THE CHAT BUT I WOULD LOVE TO 731 00:27:52,240 --> 00:27:55,000 LOOK LATER ON IF INTERESTED IN 732 00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:56,360 JUST PUTTING IN A COUPLE OF 733 00:27:56,360 --> 00:27:58,840 WORDS OF WHAT YOU ARE SEEING, 734 00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:00,880 WHAT THIS IS EVOKING FOR YOU IN 735 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:04,400 TERMS OF HOW YOU ARE 736 00:28:04,400 --> 00:28:06,360 UNDERSTANDING THIS IMAGE. I WILL 737 00:28:06,360 --> 00:28:08,440 LET YOU READ, I WILL GIVE YOU 738 00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:09,600 MAYBE ANOTHER FIVE SECONDS TO 739 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:11,400 LOOK AT THIS IMAGE AND REALLY 740 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,040 TAKE IT IN IN ITS ENTIRETY. AND 741 00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:19,560 WHAT IT SAYS. THEN I WILL MOVE 742 00:28:19,560 --> 00:28:23,000 TO THE NEXT IMAGE. ANOTHER IMAGE 743 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:24,720 FROM THE -- FROM THE NATIONAL 744 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:26,200 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE DIGITAL 745 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:27,840 IMAGE COLLECTION. IT IS A 746 00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:29,160 BEAUTIFUL IMAGE IN MANY WAYS THE 747 00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:32,600 ILLUSTRATION, THE COLOR, AND 748 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:34,280 OTHER WAYS MAYBE NOT SO MUCH. I 749 00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:39,240 WILL TALK ABOUT THAT. SO AGAIN, 750 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:41,000 ANOTHER FIVE SECONDS TAKING IN 751 00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:43,880 THE IMAGE, REALLY ENGAGING IT, I 752 00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:45,320 WELCOME PEOPLE TO PUT IN 753 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:46,200 ANYTHING IN THE CHAT, IF YOU 754 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:47,280 HAVE ACCESS TO IT, NOT SURE IF 755 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,400 YOU HAVE ACCESS TO IT BUT IF -- 756 00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:51,760 WRITE THINGS DOWN FOR THE Q&A. 757 00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:53,840 YOU ARE NOTICING IN THESE IMAGES 758 00:28:53,840 --> 00:28:56,040 AND WHAT THEY SAY. WHAT THEY SAY 759 00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:57,160 ABOUT COMMUNITY, WHAT THEY SAY 760 00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:59,040 ABOUT RACE, WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT 761 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,720 GENDER, MEDICINE, HEALTHCARE. 762 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:04,000 AND THE LAST IMAGE BEFORE I TALK 763 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:07,360 ABOUT THESE THREE IMAGES AND WHY 764 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:08,800 THEY ARE -- WHAT HOLDS THEM 765 00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:10,680 TOGETHER. AGAIN, SAME THING, 766 00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:12,440 TAKING IN AN IMAGE. HERE YOU 767 00:29:12,440 --> 00:29:14,040 WILL SEE IMAGE HOPEFULLY YOU 768 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:15,800 WILL SEE AS A MORE RECENT IMAGE 769 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:17,480 IN TERMS OF THE PERIOD OF TIME 770 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:20,760 THAT IT'S PORTRAYING BUT ALSO WE 771 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:22,000 SEE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 772 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:25,120 HEALTHCARE, THERE ARE MESSAGES 773 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:29,760 ABOUT RACE, ABOUT GENDER, MAYBE 774 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:33,120 SEXUALITY, LABOR HERE AS WITH 775 00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:36,160 THE OTHER ONES. AGAIN, FIVE MORE 776 00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:39,040 SECONDS TAKING IN THIS IMAGE 777 00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:44,800 REALLY ABSORBING IT. ALL IMAGES 778 00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:46,360 FROM THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 779 00:29:46,360 --> 00:29:47,400 MEDICINE DIGITAL COLLECTIONS 780 00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:50,600 WHICH IS AMAZING SET OF IMAGES 781 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:53,600 THAT I WELCOME AND ENCOURAGE 782 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:55,240 ANYONE IN INTERESTED IN HISTORY 783 00:29:55,240 --> 00:30:00,040 OF MEDICINE OR JUST INTERESTED 784 00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,520 IN HISTORICAL IMAGES, IT IS A 785 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:05,560 GOLD MINE OF IMAGES. WHAT HOLDS 786 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:07,880 THE IMAGES TOGETHER IS THAT 787 00:30:07,880 --> 00:30:11,600 THESE IMAGES ALL ARE PART OF A 788 00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:16,000 DIGITAL COLLECTION BUT ALL ARE 789 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,800 -- HAVE FAULTY METADATA. WHAT DO 790 00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,840 I MEAN BY THE FAULTY METADATA? 791 00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:23,840 LET ME TALK ABOUT WHERE THE 792 00:30:23,840 --> 00:30:25,160 IMAGES COME FROM, THE FIRST, 793 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:29,720 THIS IMAGE IS -- THIS IMAGE. ALL 794 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:32,440 THREE IMAGES RATHER. ALL THREE 795 00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:39,080 COME FROM THE MICHAEL ZWERDLING 796 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:42,160 COLLECTION. IF I AM PRONOUNCING 797 00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:45,040 THIS NAME CORRECTLY WAS A OR IS, 798 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:46,920 NOT SURE IF THE PERSON IS STILL 799 00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:48,920 ALIVE, MAYBE SOMEONE FROM THE 800 00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:50,360 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE CAN 801 00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:52,200 TELL ME. WAS A COLLECTOR OF POST 802 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:53,800 CARDS AND ALSO A NURSE, A 803 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:56,360 REGISTERED NURSE. HE WAS 804 00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:58,920 INTERESTED IN IMAGES OF NURSING 805 00:30:58,920 --> 00:31:00,920 ACROSS TIME AND PLACE. AND IF 806 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:04,120 YOU GO LOOK AT THE LARGER CORPUS 807 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:05,520 WHICH I QUICK LOOK AT THIS 808 00:31:05,520 --> 00:31:07,280 MORNING, AMAZING COLLECTION OF 809 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:09,520 IMAGES THAT LOOK AT NURSES 810 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:12,960 ACROSS TIME AND SPACE. AND 811 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:15,320 VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SORT OF 812 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:17,720 FORMFORMS. NURSE IN THE MILITAR, 813 00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:19,200 NURSES IN PRIVATE HOSPITAL, 814 00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:21,200 BLACK NURSES, WHITE NURSES ASIAN 815 00:31:21,200 --> 00:31:23,360 NURSES. NURSES GLOBALLY. SO HE 816 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:26,720 WAS A PROLIFIC COLLECTOR OF 817 00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:29,240 THESE IMAGES, I THINK 2500 818 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:32,600 IMAGES IN THIS COLLECTION. BUT 819 00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:35,640 THESE IMAGES THAT I PULL OUT OF 820 00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:37,680 THAT COLLECTION THAT COME UP 821 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:39,920 WHEN YOU TYPE IN AFRICAN 822 00:31:39,920 --> 00:31:41,920 AMERICANS, INTO THE DIGITAL -- 823 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:43,360 TO THE SEARCH ENGINE FOR 824 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:45,000 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 825 00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:46,400 DIGITAL COLLECTION, THESE COME 826 00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:51,000 UP UNDER AFRICAN AMERICANS. AS I 827 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:51,880 WAS PERUSING THESE, THIS 828 00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:53,120 HAPPENED TO ME BEFORE IN TERMS 829 00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:54,720 OF LOOKING FOR IMAGES FOR THE 830 00:31:54,720 --> 00:31:56,240 MODULES THAT I'M WORKING ON, 831 00:31:56,240 --> 00:31:59,200 WHERE I WILL STUMBLE ON A 832 00:31:59,200 --> 00:32:01,160 COLLECTION OR DOCUMENT OF IMAGES 833 00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:02,400 AND I LOOK AT THE METADATA AND 834 00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:05,680 THE METADATA IS LACKING. SO HERE 835 00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:08,920 WE HAVE METADATA THAT SAYS 836 00:32:08,920 --> 00:32:11,360 NURSES, INFANT NEWBORN FATHERS 837 00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:13,200 AFRICAN AMERICANS. WE ALSO HAVE 838 00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:15,280 ABSTRACT ADDED THAT TALKS ABOUT 839 00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:16,880 A NURSE HANDING A WHITE MAN A 840 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:19,400 DARK SKIN BABY, THE SCENE 841 00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:21,280 PRESUMABLY TAKES PLACE IN OFFICE 842 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:22,800 OR HOME WHICH THE BIRTH HAS JUST 843 00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:24,680 TAKEN PLACE. THE NURSE IS 844 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:26,440 WEARING A RED DRESS WHITE APRON 845 00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:30,120 AND WHITE CAP, PRESENTS A THE 846 00:32:30,120 --> 00:32:31,640 BABY AS HE STANDS UP AND TIPS 847 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:33,440 OVER HIS CHAIR IN SURPRISE. WHY 848 00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:35,680 DO I SAY THIS METADATA ACT AS A 849 00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:39,120 BACK DOOR? WHY IS THIS METADATA 850 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:40,960 FAULTY? IT IS FAULTY BECAUSE IT 851 00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:42,480 DOESN'T DESCRIBE THIS AS A 852 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:44,360 RACIST IMAGE. IT DOESN'T 853 00:32:44,360 --> 00:32:48,240 DESCRIBE IT AS A DEEPLY, DEEPLY 854 00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:56,960 ANTI-BLACK PEJORATIVE, HARMFUL 855 00:32:56,960 --> 00:32:59,200 INJURIOUS IMAGE. EVEN THE 856 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:02,760 CAPTION, IT IS A LITTLE DARKIE. 857 00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:04,240 I WILL TALK MORE ABOUT HOW I SEE 858 00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:05,840 THESE, I WILL MOVE TO THE NEXT 859 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:07,840 IMAGE THEN COUPLE MORE DOCUMENTS 860 00:33:07,840 --> 00:33:09,640 AND THEN I WANT TO BRING THIS 861 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:11,000 TOGETHER AND TALKING ABOUT HOW 862 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:12,880 THIS METADATA OPERATES THE 863 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:13,720 DIGITAL BACK DOOR SO I DON'T 864 00:33:13,720 --> 00:33:16,080 WANT TO GET AHEAD OF MYSELF. WE 865 00:33:16,080 --> 00:33:17,720 SEE A SIMILAR SORT OF THING OR 866 00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:19,440 SAME THING HAPPENING WITH A 867 00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:22,920 DIVORCE REASON, RIGHT? SO WE ARE 868 00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:25,760 LED TO BELIEVE WITH THIS IMAGE 869 00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:28,960 THAT IT IS A REASON FOR DIVORCE 870 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:33,960 BECAUSE THIS WOMAN, ASSUME HAD A 871 00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:34,840 EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIR WITH A 872 00:33:34,840 --> 00:33:37,080 PERSON OF AFRICAN DESCENT, HENCE 873 00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:38,520 THE CHILD BEING A DARKER SKIN 874 00:33:38,520 --> 00:33:43,840 BABY. BUT WE HAVE PRETTY INKNOCK 875 00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:47,040 LOUSE METADATA NURSES INFANT 876 00:33:47,040 --> 00:33:49,080 PARENTS DIVORCE LAWYERS AFRICAN 877 00:33:49,080 --> 00:33:51,760 AMERICANS, AN ABSTRACT I DON'T 878 00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:53,880 SPEND MUCH TIME READING BUT 879 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:59,000 DESCRIBES THE SCENE AND WITHOUT 880 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:05,200 ANY SORT OF INFORMATION, LINKS, 881 00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:06,560 EXTENUATING INFORMATION THAT 882 00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:08,360 WOULD AGAIN DESCRIBE THIS THAT 883 00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:10,440 WOULD CAPTURE THIS AS A RACIST 884 00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:15,840 IMAGE. AS A CARICATURE, MAYBE 885 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:17,000 NOT CARICATURE BUT THE NEXT 886 00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:19,680 IMAGE IS MORE A CARICATURE BUT 887 00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:21,680 CERTAINLY A RACIST IMAGE THAT IS 888 00:34:21,680 --> 00:34:23,080 HARMFUL AND WAS HARMFUL TO BLACK 889 00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:27,080 PEOPLE. NEXT IMAGE. SAME THING, 890 00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:28,960 AGAIN THESE COME FROM THE 891 00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:32,600 MICHAEL ZWERDLING COLLECTION. 892 00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:33,960 OVERALL I CAN TELL IS A 893 00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:34,640 COLLECTION I WOULD NOT 894 00:34:34,640 --> 00:34:36,360 NECESSARILY ASCRIBE IT AS A 895 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:37,800 RACIST COLLECTION BUT CERTAINLY 896 00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:39,800 INCLUDES RACIST IMAGES IN IT. 897 00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:42,800 SAME THING WITH THIS METADATA. 898 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:44,840 HERE, WHICH MAKES THIS A LITTLE 899 00:34:44,840 --> 00:34:47,840 MORE COMPLEX AND LITTLE BIT MORE 900 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,160 HARMFUL, IT IS GENRE DESCRIBED 901 00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:53,400 AS A POST CARD WHIT AND HUMOR. 902 00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:56,600 AT WHOSE EXPENSE? MOST BLACK 903 00:34:56,600 --> 00:34:57,600 PEOPLE, PEEP OF COLOR ARE NOT 904 00:34:57,600 --> 00:34:59,440 GOING TO FIND THIS, I WOULD SAY 905 00:34:59,440 --> 00:35:00,360 MOST WHITE PEOPLE ARE NOT GOING 906 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:02,720 TO FIND THIS IMAGE PARTICULARLY 907 00:35:02,720 --> 00:35:05,560 FUNNY OR HUMOROUS. EVEN AS IT 908 00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:06,960 MIGHT HAVE BEEN FOR THE TIME 909 00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:11,000 PERIOD IT WAS CREATED IN, THOUGH 910 00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:13,800 1960, NOT THAT LONG AGO. SO HERE 911 00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:16,000 WE HAVE AGAIN NURSES AFRICAN 912 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:19,200 AMERICANS, INFANT NEWBORN TWINS 913 00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:22,040 POST CARD WIT HUMOR, THESE ARE 914 00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:23,320 RACIST CARICATURES. WE HAVE 915 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:27,960 THIS PLAY ON THIS IDEA, THIS 916 00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:29,120 PARTICULAR ILLUSTRATOR OR 917 00:35:29,120 --> 00:35:30,800 CREATOR OF THIS IMAGE IS 918 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:32,040 INTEREST AND PLAYING WITH THIS 919 00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:38,360 IDEA OF INTERRACIAL 920 00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:39,360 RELATIONSHIPS, SEXUAL 921 00:35:39,360 --> 00:35:40,000 RELATIONSHIP AND THE CHILDREN 922 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:41,000 PRODUCED OUT OF THOSE 923 00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:44,240 RELATIONSHIPS SO THERE IS AN 924 00:35:44,240 --> 00:35:44,960 INTERESTING THING I DON'T HAVE 925 00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:47,000 TIME TO DELVE TO THE PSYCHOLOGY 926 00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:51,680 OF THIS WORK BUT MY MAIN GOAL IN 927 00:35:51,680 --> 00:35:53,960 PRESENTING THIS TO YOU IS 928 00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:56,880 THINKING HOW THIS METADATA 929 00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:59,880 OFFERS IN DIGITAL BACK DOOR 930 00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:03,440 CREATES INEQUITY, IF IT CLOSES 931 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:07,920 OFF HISTORY OF RACISM IN THE WAY 932 00:36:07,920 --> 00:36:08,560 THAT IT IS PRESENTED TO THE 933 00:36:08,560 --> 00:36:10,240 USER. I WILL HAVE MUCH MORE TO 934 00:36:10,240 --> 00:36:11,480 SAY ABOUT THIS BUT I WANT TO 935 00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:15,680 SHOW YOU ANOTHER IMAGE. I FOUND 936 00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:17,520 THIS IMAGE AND WAS STRUCK BY IT 937 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,360 MANY THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 938 00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:22,280 MEDICINE. WHAT LEGACY DO THEY 939 00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:24,520 SHARE? THIS IS AN IMAGE, I THINK 940 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:28,840 A POSTER OR SOME SORT OF 941 00:36:28,840 --> 00:36:31,400 INFORMATIONAL IMAGE FROM THE 942 00:36:31,400 --> 00:36:32,880 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU, A 943 00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:34,080 GOVERNMENT AGENCY I BELIEVE THAT 944 00:36:34,080 --> 00:36:36,360 LOOKS AND COLLECTING POPULATION 945 00:36:36,360 --> 00:36:38,320 DATA STATISTICS AS A WAY TO 946 00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:40,680 BRING WARENESS AROUND INJUSTICE 947 00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:44,000 AND HARM. SO YOU MAY BE SAYING 948 00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:45,560 WHAT ABOUT THIS IMAGE IS A 949 00:36:45,560 --> 00:36:47,120 PROBLEM? WE CAN START OFF WITH 950 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:53,560 THE WAYS THAT LEGACY IS FRAMED 951 00:36:53,560 --> 00:36:55,560 AROUND AROUND THESE STEREOTYPES 952 00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,960 AND HARMFUL IDEAS ABOUT BLACK 953 00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:02,520 WOMEN, ABOUT AFRICAN WOMEN, THAT 954 00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:07,720 IS TIED TO VERY MUCH TO THESE 955 00:37:07,720 --> 00:37:10,520 MISCONCEPTUALIZATIONS AND RACIST 956 00:37:10,520 --> 00:37:13,640 IDEA IDEALS ABOUT AFRICAN -- 957 00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:19,040 IDEOLOGIES ABOUT AFRICAN PEOPLE. 958 00:37:19,040 --> 00:37:21,440 SEXUAL HEALTH, YOUNG AGE FIRST 959 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:25,600 BIRTH, TALKS ABOUT FEMALE 960 00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:26,360 GENITAL MUTILATION, SEXUAL 961 00:37:26,360 --> 00:37:27,560 EXPLOITATION AND TRAFFICKING. 962 00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:29,080 ALL THINGS THAT SOME PEOPLE 963 00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:30,000 MAYBE IN THE AUDIENCE STILL 964 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:34,880 THINK THAT IS A WAY OF BRINGING 965 00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:36,240 AWARENESS AROUND THE -- SOME OF 966 00:37:36,240 --> 00:37:39,080 THE HUMANITARIAN ISSUES WOMEN IN 967 00:37:39,080 --> 00:37:41,760 OTHER COUNTRIES FACE. PERHAPS I 968 00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:43,720 THINK THAT THERE IS A LOT OF 969 00:37:43,720 --> 00:37:44,880 LITERATURE THAT SUGGESTS THERE 970 00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:47,520 IS BETTER WAYS TO RAISE 971 00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:49,840 CONSCIOUSNESS AND AMPLIFY SOME 972 00:37:49,840 --> 00:37:51,760 OF THE ISSUES THAT WOMEN AND 973 00:37:51,760 --> 00:37:56,120 OTHER COUNTRIES FACE AROUND 974 00:37:56,120 --> 00:37:58,400 HEALTH AND REPRODUCTION. BE IT 975 00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:00,640 AS IT MAY, THAT IS ONE QUIBBLE 976 00:38:00,640 --> 00:38:02,240 THAT I HAVE, THAT IS NOT REALLY 977 00:38:02,240 --> 00:38:03,640 GETTING THE IDEA OF METADATA. I 978 00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:06,520 THINK WHEN WE LOOK AT THE 979 00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:09,320 METADATA FOR THIS IMAGE WE SEE A 980 00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:10,640 PARTICULAR ISSUE, WITH FAULTY 981 00:38:10,640 --> 00:38:13,040 METADATA. THIS METADATA IS 982 00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,960 DESCRIBED WOMEN'S HEALTH CHILD 983 00:38:15,960 --> 00:38:17,160 WELFARE SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS 984 00:38:17,160 --> 00:38:18,920 WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND AFRICAN 985 00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:20,080 AMERICANS. I WOULD SUGGEST TO 986 00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:22,840 YOU THIS IS NOT AN IMAGE OF 987 00:38:22,840 --> 00:38:23,760 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN, THESE 988 00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:28,000 ARE IMAGES OF WOMEN FROM SOME 989 00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:29,920 AFRICAN COUNTRY, ON THE 990 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:31,400 CONTINENT, I WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO 991 00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:33,040 SAY QUITE FRANKLY, THESE ARE 992 00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:34,880 WOMEN PROBABLY CERTAINLY FROM AN 993 00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:37,240 ETHNIC GROUP OR TRIBE AS THEY 994 00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:38,640 MIGHT DESCRIBE THEMSELVES. 995 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,160 THESE ARE WOMEN FROM A 996 00:38:41,160 --> 00:38:42,320 PARTICULAR AREA OR REGION WITHIN 997 00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:46,760 A COUNTRY. SO THE METADATA FOR 998 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,920 THIS IMAGE, AGAIN, OPERATES AS A 999 00:38:50,920 --> 00:38:54,920 DIGITAL BOOK DOOR TO THE HISTORY 1000 00:38:54,920 --> 00:38:59,800 OF RACE AND RACISM AND MEDICINE 1001 00:38:59,800 --> 00:39:01,520 AGAIN, I WILL COME BACK TO THIS 1002 00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:03,640 IDEA OF METADATA. I WANT TO SHOW 1003 00:39:03,640 --> 00:39:08,360 YOU ONE MORE IMAGE AND THEN HAVE 1004 00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:09,200 SUMMATION AROUND THESE IMAGES 1005 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:11,080 THEN I WANT TO MOVE TO DATA 1006 00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:12,800 LIQUIDITY AND HOW I THINK DATA 1007 00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:14,600 LIQUIDITY CAN ACT AS AN 1008 00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:15,840 INTERVENTION TO THIS FAULTY 1009 00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:20,280 METADATA. WHAT YOU ARE SEEING 1010 00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:23,720 HERE IS A IS A 19TH CENTURY 1011 00:39:23,720 --> 00:39:24,320 DOCUMENT, I HAVE BEEN WORKING 1012 00:39:24,320 --> 00:39:26,360 WITH THESE DOCUMENTS, INCREDIBLE 1013 00:39:26,360 --> 00:39:29,520 AGAIN IN THESE MODULES BECAUSE 1014 00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:32,960 THEY REALLY HELP PEOPLE AND 1015 00:39:32,960 --> 00:39:34,360 CLINICIANS WHO STILL BELIEVE 1016 00:39:34,360 --> 00:39:39,520 RELYING ON RACE, AS A WAY OF 1017 00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:40,840 DIAGNOSING AND TALKING 1018 00:39:40,840 --> 00:39:41,560 VULNERABILITY TO PARTICULAR 1019 00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:43,560 HEALTH CONDITIONS IS NECESSARY 1020 00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:45,880 IN ORDER TO TREAT PEOPLE AND 1021 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:49,560 HELPING THEM CONNECT THE DESIRE 1022 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:51,080 TO TALK ABOUT RACE DIFFERENCES 1023 00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:53,160 AND PEOPLE'S BODIES AND HEALTH 1024 00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:54,920 CONDITIONS SO THIS LEGACY OF 1025 00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:57,120 HISTORY OF RACISM AND SCIENTIFIC 1026 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:00,240 RACISM, HISTORY OF OF RACISM AND 1027 00:40:00,240 --> 00:40:01,680 MEDICINE AND SCIENTIFIC RACISM, 1028 00:40:01,680 --> 00:40:03,280 I THINK WE DOING A LOT OF GOOD 1029 00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:07,160 WORK AT THE AMA AT COVID BLACK, 1030 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:08,240 AND HELPING CLINICS WHO WERE 1031 00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:11,520 TRAINED IN MEDICAL PROGRAMS, WHO 1032 00:40:11,520 --> 00:40:13,560 DIDN'T HAVE A LOT OF HISTORY OF 1033 00:40:13,560 --> 00:40:16,360 MEDICINE OR IF THEY DID, DIDN'T 1034 00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:18,640 HAVE MUCH TIME TO ENGAGE INTO 1035 00:40:18,640 --> 00:40:22,240 THESE ORIGINAL IDEAS AROUND THE 1036 00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:23,520 BODIES OF BLACK PEOPLE SO THIS 1037 00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:30,520 IS A DOCUMENT, THE DATA THE 1038 00:40:30,520 --> 00:40:32,440 BLACK BAND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 1039 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:34,800 AND PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AFRICAN 1040 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:41,360 NEGRO BY HERMAN BERMEISTER, 1041 00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:42,760 PROFESSOR ZOOLOGY BUT TRANSLATED 1042 00:40:42,760 --> 00:40:46,320 BY JULIUS FREELANDER DOCTOR OF 1043 00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:49,400 PHILOSOPHY AT BERLIN. SO WE KNOW 1044 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:52,120 THE FOUNDATIONAL IDEAS AROUND 1045 00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:54,720 HEALTH AND SCIENCE ARE DEEPLY 1046 00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:58,120 IMPER GATE WITH HISTORY OF 1047 00:40:58,120 --> 00:40:59,920 RACISM AND DARWINISTIC IDEAS 1048 00:40:59,920 --> 00:41:01,800 ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY. SO HERE IT 1049 00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:04,320 IS DIFFICULT FOR YOU TO READ, 1050 00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:06,120 THIS -- I WILL PARAPHRASE 1051 00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:09,160 QUICKLY, I TOOK PROBABLY SOME OF 1052 00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:11,800 THE MOST LEAST OFFENSIVE 1053 00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:13,320 LANGUAGE FROM THIS DOCUMENT AS A 1054 00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:14,760 WAY TO NOT BE OFFENSIVE TO 1055 00:41:14,760 --> 00:41:16,960 PEOPLE IN THE AUDIENCE EVEN AS I 1056 00:41:16,960 --> 00:41:18,240 THINK IT IS GOOD TO BE AWARE OF 1057 00:41:18,240 --> 00:41:22,880 THESE DOCUMENTS. THIS IS THE 1058 00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:24,640 LANGUAGE HERE IS DESCRIBING THE 1059 00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:27,320 FOOT OF BLACK PEOPLE, HOW IT IS 1060 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:30,080 FLAT, IT IS A LOW HEEL, JUST 1061 00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:32,120 GOING -- BREAKING DOWN THE 1062 00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:34,120 ANATOMY OF BLACK PEOPLE'S BODIES 1063 00:41:34,120 --> 00:41:35,720 OF AFRICAN PEOPLE'S BODIES. 1064 00:41:35,720 --> 00:41:39,320 WHAT YOU WILL SEE IN HERE, THIS 1065 00:41:39,320 --> 00:41:41,120 PART TOWARDS THE END, THIS 1066 00:41:41,120 --> 00:41:43,560 SECTION, I WILL READ THIS, 1067 00:41:43,560 --> 00:41:44,640 RESEMBLED TO THE FURTHER 1068 00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:45,960 STRENGTHENED BY THE WIDE 1069 00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:46,960 SEPARATION BETWEEN THE FIRST AND 1070 00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:51,000 SECOND TOES OF THE NEGRO FOOT. 1071 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,720 SO THIS DOCUMENT IS RIFE WITH 1072 00:41:53,720 --> 00:41:55,440 COMPARISONS OF BLACK PEOPLE TO 1073 00:41:55,440 --> 00:42:02,520 APES, ORANGOTANGS. TALKS ABOUT 1074 00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:06,480 THE SMALL BRAINS OF BLACK PEOPLE 1075 00:42:06,480 --> 00:42:08,320 COMPARED TO EUROPEANS. THERE'S 1076 00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:09,840 ONE THAT READS WE HAVE COME TO 1077 00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:12,960 THE NEGRO IN DEVIATION PRESENTS 1078 00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:17,600 SO MANY ANALOGIES WITH THE 1079 00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:19,120 CONFIRMATION OF THE RATE THAT IT 1080 00:42:19,120 --> 00:42:21,120 MAYBE PRONOUNCED A SCIENTIFIC 1081 00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:23,720 FACT. NO ONE SERIOUSLY DOUBT THE 1082 00:42:23,720 --> 00:42:28,200 HUMANITY OF THE NEGRO. THAT WAS 1083 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:29,280 INTERESTING SO THEY ARE NOT 1084 00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:30,960 TOTALLY SUB HUMAN OR NOT TOTALLY 1085 00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:32,840 NOT HUMAN, THEY ARE SUB HUMAN, 1086 00:42:32,840 --> 00:42:35,040 WHEREAS THEY ARE MUCH MORE LIKE 1087 00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:38,440 APES AND ORANGOTANGS AND 1088 00:42:38,440 --> 00:42:40,120 ANIMALS. SO I HOPE THIS DOESN'T 1089 00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:41,640 SUR PLACE ANYONE, THIS IS PART 1090 00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:44,440 OF SCIENCE AND RACISM. THIS IS 1091 00:42:44,440 --> 00:42:46,240 SOMETHING TO COME TO EXPECT TO 1092 00:42:46,240 --> 00:42:47,360 FIND IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 1093 00:42:47,360 --> 00:42:49,400 MEDICINE DIGITAL COLLECTIONS. I 1094 00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:51,640 THINK THAT THIS DISCOVERABILITY 1095 00:42:51,640 --> 00:42:55,400 TO BRING THESE IMAGES IN TO THE 1096 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:58,080 PUBLIC TO READ WHERE THE HISTORY 1097 00:42:58,080 --> 00:43:00,480 OF MEDICINE BEGINS IN MANY WAYS 1098 00:43:00,480 --> 00:43:01,760 PARTICULARLY RELATES TO BLACK 1099 00:43:01,760 --> 00:43:06,120 PEOPLE IS A VALUE THAT IS IN -- 1100 00:43:06,120 --> 00:43:08,440 UNMEASURABLE. BUT AGAIN, TO WHAT 1101 00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:12,160 END WILL WE HAVE METADATA THAT 1102 00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:13,680 DOESN'T CAPTURE THAT. ONE THING 1103 00:43:13,680 --> 00:43:18,320 I WANT TO SHOW YOU IS THAT THE 1104 00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:20,160 OCR DEMONSTRATES APE IS USED 31 1105 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:21,960 TIMES IN A DOCUMENT THAT I THINK 1106 00:43:21,960 --> 00:43:24,560 IS ONLY ABOUT 20 PAGES, NOT A 1107 00:43:24,560 --> 00:43:28,240 VERY LONG DOCUMENT. SO WE SEE 1108 00:43:28,240 --> 00:43:29,640 THIS LANGUAGE OF THE APE USED 1109 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:30,800 OVER AND OVER AGAIN BUT WHEN WE 1110 00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:33,800 LOOK AT THE METADATA WE DON'T 1111 00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:35,720 SEE ANYTHING THAT WOULD SUGGEST 1112 00:43:35,720 --> 00:43:37,800 SCIENTIFIC RACISM OR RACISM. IN 1113 00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:43,040 FACT I DISCOVER THESE DOCUMENTS 1114 00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:46,280 BY PUTTING IN AFRICAN OR NEGRO 1115 00:43:46,280 --> 00:43:48,680 AND SORT OF JUST VERY CAREFULLY 1116 00:43:48,680 --> 00:43:54,480 GOING TO THE IMAGES AND AS A 1117 00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:55,920 HISTORIAN, IF I SEE SOMETHING 1118 00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:58,040 ABOUT COMPARATIVE OF AFRICAN 1119 00:43:58,040 --> 00:43:59,240 NEGRO IT SCREAMS SCIENTIFIC 1120 00:43:59,240 --> 00:44:01,000 RACISM I SO I CAN FIND THESE 1121 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:02,560 RELATIVELY EASILY BUT WHAT ABOUT 1122 00:44:02,560 --> 00:44:05,200 THE PERSON WHO CAN'T FIND THESE 1123 00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:06,880 THINGS? EVEN IRRESPECTIVE OF 1124 00:44:06,880 --> 00:44:08,560 DISCOVERABILITY, WHICH I THINK 1125 00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:10,160 IS IMPORTANT, AND I TALK ABOUT, 1126 00:44:10,160 --> 00:44:12,040 JUST THE HARM OF NOT DESCRIBING 1127 00:44:12,040 --> 00:44:13,920 THIS FOR WHAT IT IS. AS 1128 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:15,440 SCIENTIFIC RACISM. SO YOU MAY 1129 00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:17,920 BE SAYING NOW, THIS IS WHAT I -- 1130 00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:20,560 I'M NOT -- I TOOK CATALOGING 1131 00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:22,360 MANY YEARS AGO AND I LIKED IT 1132 00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:24,840 BUT DECIDED NOT TO BECOME A 1133 00:44:24,840 --> 00:44:26,320 CATALOGER BUT YOU MAY BE ASKING 1134 00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:27,680 YOURSELF AS I DID BECAUSE I 1135 00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:32,880 DON'T HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE 1136 00:44:32,880 --> 00:44:36,120 WITH THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE 1137 00:44:36,120 --> 00:44:37,240 DESCRIPTIONS USED TO DESCRIBE 1138 00:44:37,240 --> 00:44:38,760 ITEMS IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 1139 00:44:38,760 --> 00:44:42,080 MEDICINE, MAYBE THERE'S NOT 1140 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:45,120 LANGUAGE TO CAPTURE RACISM IN 1141 00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:49,040 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS OR DIGITAL 1142 00:44:49,040 --> 00:44:51,080 IMAGES IN THE SYSTEM. THERE 1143 00:44:51,080 --> 00:44:53,120 ACTUALLY IS. IF YOU DO TYPE IN 1144 00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:54,600 RACISM IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE 1145 00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:55,640 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, 1146 00:44:55,640 --> 00:44:57,760 THERE ARE ITEMS THAT ARE 1147 00:44:57,760 --> 00:44:59,680 DESCRIBED AS RACISM OR TALKING 1148 00:44:59,680 --> 00:45:02,440 ABOUT RACISM. SO THERE IS 1149 00:45:02,440 --> 00:45:03,640 LANGUAGE I WOULD ARGUE THERE, 1150 00:45:03,640 --> 00:45:05,520 THAT COULD BE USED FOR THE 1151 00:45:05,520 --> 00:45:08,160 METADATA IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY 1152 00:45:08,160 --> 00:45:10,160 OF MEDICINE, THAT CAPTURE AND 1153 00:45:10,160 --> 00:45:11,560 DESCRIBE THESE THINGS MUCH MORE 1154 00:45:11,560 --> 00:45:14,400 ACCURATELY. THAN WHAT THEY ARE 1155 00:45:14,400 --> 00:45:15,840 BEING DESCRIBED WITH THE 1156 00:45:15,840 --> 00:45:21,120 METADATA. WHAT IS THE HARM? 1157 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:23,760 WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT? HOW 1158 00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:25,160 IMPACTFUL IS METADATA AT THE END 1159 00:45:25,160 --> 00:45:28,280 OF THE DAY? I WOULD SUGGEST TO 1160 00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:30,400 YOU IT IS INCREDIBLY IMPACTFUL 1161 00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:32,320 TO NOT HAVE METADATA DO 1162 00:45:32,320 --> 00:45:36,120 IMPORTANT WORK OF DESCRIBING 1163 00:45:36,120 --> 00:45:36,920 THESE ITEMS AS SCIENTIFIC RACISM 1164 00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:40,160 OR AS RACIST. I THINK ONE OF THE 1165 00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:42,200 THINGS THAT HAPPENS, THIS IS 1166 00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:43,760 WHERE I ARGUE THIS METADATA 1167 00:45:43,760 --> 00:45:45,320 OPERATES AS A DIGITAL BOOK DOOR 1168 00:45:45,320 --> 00:45:50,440 INTO THE HISTORY -- BACK DOOR TO 1169 00:45:50,440 --> 00:45:51,880 HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND RACISM 1170 00:45:51,880 --> 00:45:55,040 IN THESE COLLECTIONS, IT 1171 00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:56,040 NORMALIZES ANTI-BLACK RACISM AND 1172 00:45:56,040 --> 00:45:57,720 RACE, THEY ARE HIDDEN IN PLAIN 1173 00:45:57,720 --> 00:46:00,080 SIGHT WITHIN THE METADATA AND 1174 00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:03,280 OUTSIDE THE METADATA. IT DOESN'T 1175 00:46:03,280 --> 00:46:03,920 TAKE A ROCKET SCIENTIST I WOULD 1176 00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:05,320 ARGUE ONCE YOU READ THE 1177 00:46:05,320 --> 00:46:07,120 DOCUMENTS TO SEE THE RACISM IN 1178 00:46:07,120 --> 00:46:08,720 IT. BUT YOU DON'T -- THE 1179 00:46:08,720 --> 00:46:11,600 METADATA DOESN'T DO THAT. THEY 1180 00:46:11,600 --> 00:46:13,080 ARE HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT WITHIN 1181 00:46:13,080 --> 00:46:14,920 THE METADATA. BUT BECAUSE THEY 1182 00:46:14,920 --> 00:46:17,720 ARE HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT, THERE 1183 00:46:17,720 --> 00:46:19,400 IS A TACIT ADOPTION OF RACISM 1184 00:46:19,400 --> 00:46:21,000 THAT'S CONVEYED IN THE DATA 1185 00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:23,120 DIGITAL OBJECT. SO LET ME BE 1186 00:46:23,120 --> 00:46:24,480 CERTAIN I'M NO WAY SAYING THAT 1187 00:46:24,480 --> 00:46:27,440 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 1188 00:46:27,440 --> 00:46:30,720 IS ENDORSING OR SUPPORTING 1189 00:46:30,720 --> 00:46:33,360 DOCUMENTS IN ANY INTENTIONAL WAY 1190 00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:35,200 ENDORSING THESE VIEWS, 1191 00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:37,280 ABSOLUTELY NOT. BUT WITHOUT THE 1192 00:46:37,280 --> 00:46:39,600 ACCURATE METADATA, IT SORT OF 1193 00:46:39,600 --> 00:46:42,960 NORMALIZES IT, IT LEAVES THE 1194 00:46:42,960 --> 00:46:44,960 DOCUMENT TO GO UNCHALLENGED IN 1195 00:46:44,960 --> 00:46:47,680 ITS RACISM. I WOULD LIKE TO 1196 00:46:47,680 --> 00:46:48,480 THINK ANYBODY WHO USES THE 1197 00:46:48,480 --> 00:46:50,480 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IS 1198 00:46:50,480 --> 00:46:54,200 USING IT IN A WAY THAT TAKES 1199 00:46:54,200 --> 00:46:56,160 DOCUMENTS AND USE THEM AS WAY TO 1200 00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:57,560 EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT RACISM, OR 1201 00:46:57,560 --> 00:47:01,160 TRY TO COUNTER RACISM. BUT ALSO 1202 00:47:01,160 --> 00:47:03,480 I'M A REALIST AND KNOW PEOPLE 1203 00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:04,960 DON'T ALWAYS USE THESE DOCUMENTS 1204 00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:07,960 IN THAT WAY. IN THIS WAY THAT 1205 00:47:07,960 --> 00:47:10,240 ALLOWINGS PEOPLE BAD ACTORS, OF 1206 00:47:10,240 --> 00:47:12,120 PEOPLE WHO DO HAVE RACIST 1207 00:47:12,120 --> 00:47:14,160 INTENTIONS TO USE THESE 1208 00:47:14,160 --> 00:47:15,440 DONGMENTS WITHOUT EVEN SEE -- 1209 00:47:15,440 --> 00:47:17,120 DOCUMENTS WITHOUT SEEING 1210 00:47:17,120 --> 00:47:18,360 METADATA TO CHALLENGE THEM TO 1211 00:47:18,360 --> 00:47:19,360 THINK ABOUT THESE DOCUMENTS AS 1212 00:47:19,360 --> 00:47:23,800 PROBLEMS. THIS METADATA 1213 00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:26,000 ENDORSES RACIST BIOMEDICAL IDEAS 1214 00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:28,360 ABOUT BLACK HUMANITY. THEY PER 1215 00:47:28,360 --> 00:47:29,960 PETTWAY AND SUPPORT THESE 1216 00:47:29,960 --> 00:47:31,600 ANTI-BLACK RACIST STEREOTYPES. 1217 00:47:31,600 --> 00:47:34,920 AND THE HISTORY OF RACISM AND 1218 00:47:34,920 --> 00:47:36,640 DIGITIZED HISTORY OF HEALTH AND 1219 00:47:36,640 --> 00:47:38,480 MEDICINE IS OBSCURED THROUGH A 1220 00:47:38,480 --> 00:47:40,080 DIGITAL TECHNOLOGICAL PRACTICE. 1221 00:47:40,080 --> 00:47:44,280 HUMAN ACTORS, THAT BOTH 1222 00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:46,320 WILLFULLY UNINTENTIONALLY AND 1223 00:47:46,320 --> 00:47:48,600 UNWITTINGLY ARE BLIND TO RACISM, 1224 00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:50,640 DON'T KNOW HOW TO CAPTURE THE 1225 00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:53,120 RACISM IN THOSE IMAGES, BELIEVE 1226 00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:54,880 IT MIGHT BE BETTER NOT TO BRING 1227 00:47:54,880 --> 00:47:58,120 RACISM UP BECAUSE IT MIGHT LEND 1228 00:47:58,120 --> 00:48:01,400 ITSELF OR CREATE LIABILITIES FOR 1229 00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:03,360 PEOPLE. AND JUST ARE LEFT 1230 00:48:03,360 --> 00:48:08,520 WITHOUT A LOT OF GUIDANCE HOW 1231 00:48:08,520 --> 00:48:10,120 THE CREATE METADATA FOR THESE 1232 00:48:10,120 --> 00:48:11,280 COLLECTIONS. I DON'T KNOW WHAT 1233 00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:13,760 THAT IS. I DON'T KNOW WHAT THOSE 1234 00:48:13,760 --> 00:48:14,920 PROCESSES, THESE ARE 1235 00:48:14,920 --> 00:48:16,640 SPECULATIONS ON MY PART. 1236 00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:18,440 WITHOUT ANY REAL SENSE OF 1237 00:48:18,440 --> 00:48:19,800 DECISION MAKING PROCESS THAT 1238 00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:23,240 GOES INTO DESCRIBING IMAGES. SO 1239 00:48:23,240 --> 00:48:26,000 WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THESE 1240 00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:28,760 IMAGES? I THINK THE POOR DIRTY 1241 00:48:28,760 --> 00:48:30,320 METADATA, CALLING IT DIRTY 1242 00:48:30,320 --> 00:48:34,760 BECAUSE IT IS INCOMPLETE, IT 1243 00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:36,240 LACKS SUFFICIENT INFORMATION, 1244 00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:37,840 EXACERBATES AND PERPETUATES THE 1245 00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:40,040 HARM OF THE ORIGINAL OBJECT. THE 1246 00:48:40,040 --> 00:48:42,200 ORIGINAL OBJECT, THE CENTER OF 1247 00:48:42,200 --> 00:48:44,480 THE ORIGINAL OBJECT IS TO CREATE 1248 00:48:44,480 --> 00:48:47,200 A RACIST IMAGE. RIGHT? THE 1249 00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:48,880 IMPACT ALSO HIGHLIGHTS 1250 00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:50,040 DISCOVERABILITY THAT BOTH 1251 00:48:50,040 --> 00:48:51,960 ENLIGHTENS AND CONCEALS. SO WE 1252 00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:53,240 THINK ABOUT DISCOVERABILITY IN 1253 00:48:53,240 --> 00:48:55,080 THE WORLD OF LIBRARIES AS A 1254 00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:56,440 GOOD, WE WANT TO MAKE 1255 00:48:56,440 --> 00:48:58,360 COLLECTIONS MORE AVAILABLE YOU 1256 00:48:58,360 --> 00:48:59,960 WANT TO DIGITIZE STUFF, GET 1257 00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:01,760 THINGS OUT TO PUBLIC AND OPEN 1258 00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:05,000 SOURCE WAYS. I DON'T KNOW 1259 00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:07,840 LIBRARIAN, ANY SCHOLAR THAT 1260 00:49:07,840 --> 00:49:09,200 WOULD ARGUE AGAINST THAT, 1261 00:49:09,200 --> 00:49:10,320 DISCOVERABILITY THAT IS NOT 1262 00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:11,880 NUANCED BY REALLY GOOD 1263 00:49:11,880 --> 00:49:13,440 INFORMATION TO HELP PEOPLE 1264 00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:15,480 UNDERSTAND WHAT THEY ARE SEEING, 1265 00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:19,440 AND WHAT THEY ARE READING ARE 1266 00:49:19,440 --> 00:49:20,680 ACCESSING, ENLIGHTENS AND 1267 00:49:20,680 --> 00:49:24,960 CONCEALS. IT BOTH GOOD BUT ALSO 1268 00:49:24,960 --> 00:49:29,840 HARMFUL. THE IMPACT OF IMAGES 1269 00:49:29,840 --> 00:49:31,560 THAT HAVE FAULTY METADATA THAT 1270 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:36,240 OPERATES AS DIGITAL BACK DOOR TO 1271 00:49:36,240 --> 00:49:38,040 HISTORY, OPERATES BOTH IN THIS 1272 00:49:38,040 --> 00:49:40,200 INSTANCE. I ALSO THINK IT 1273 00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:42,120 PRESERVES A HISTORY WITHOUT 1274 00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:44,600 DISRUPTING THE HISTO HISTORY. AD 1275 00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:46,560 MAINTAINS AN OBJECT WITHOUT 1276 00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:49,440 INTERVENING INTO THIS OBJECT. 1277 00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:52,520 WITH THE PRIVILEGE AND LUXURY OF 1278 00:49:52,520 --> 00:49:55,360 HISTORY AND TIME. SO I'M 1279 00:49:55,360 --> 00:49:56,760 HISTORIAN AND TIME DOESN'T 1280 00:49:56,760 --> 00:49:58,200 NECESSARILY MAKE THINGS BETTER 1281 00:49:58,200 --> 00:50:01,400 MORE PROGRESSIVE AND MORE JUST, 1282 00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:03,200 BUT WHEN YOU -- YOU COULD 1283 00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:05,160 OPERATE WITH THAT INTENTION, 1284 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:06,880 SURELY THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WE 1285 00:50:06,880 --> 00:50:09,160 HAVE, THE NEED AND THE DESIRE TO 1286 00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:11,480 REDRESS THE HARMS OF MEDICINE, 1287 00:50:11,480 --> 00:50:13,640 AND SCIENCE, DEFINITELY SHOULD 1288 00:50:13,640 --> 00:50:17,200 MAKE US WANT TO PRESERVE AN ITEM 1289 00:50:17,200 --> 00:50:19,040 WHAT IT CAN TELL ABOUT PAST BUT 1290 00:50:19,040 --> 00:50:20,560 ALSO CHALLENGE AND CREATE A 1291 00:50:20,560 --> 00:50:22,400 COUNTER NARRATIVE TO THAT ITEM 1292 00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:25,680 TO HELP UNDERSTAND HOW FAR WE 1293 00:50:25,680 --> 00:50:27,800 HAVE COME. IN OUR PRACTICE OF 1294 00:50:27,800 --> 00:50:28,880 MEDICINE AND HEALTH AND HOW WE 1295 00:50:28,880 --> 00:50:30,440 THINK ABOUT PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT 1296 00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:32,840 RACES AND HOW WE THINK ABOUT THE 1297 00:50:32,840 --> 00:50:35,400 HUMANITY. WHEN WE DON'T CREATE 1298 00:50:35,400 --> 00:50:36,760 GOOD METADATA FOR THOSE 1299 00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:41,200 COLLECTIONS, THEN WE PRESERVE 1300 00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:44,000 AND WE MAINTAIN UNINTERRUPTED 1301 00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:45,760 HISTORY OF RACISM IN MEDICINE 1302 00:50:45,760 --> 00:50:49,520 AND SCIENCE. NOW I'M GOING TO 1303 00:50:49,520 --> 00:50:52,120 END WITH MORE OPTIMISTIC HOPEFUL 1304 00:50:52,120 --> 00:50:55,200 CHALLENGES. WHAT WE CAN DO WITH 1305 00:50:55,200 --> 00:50:58,200 DATA LIQUIDITY. AGAIN, ANOTHER 1306 00:50:58,200 --> 00:50:59,400 PHRASE OFTEN USED IN HEALTHCARE 1307 00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:03,200 AND THINKING ABOUT DATA. SO WHAT 1308 00:51:03,200 --> 00:51:05,760 NOW? I WILL STOP HERE TO SAY 1309 00:51:05,760 --> 00:51:08,240 THAT IN MANY WAYS IF YOU LIVE 1310 00:51:08,240 --> 00:51:11,160 LONG ENOUGH AND I HOPE I DO, I 1311 00:51:11,160 --> 00:51:12,560 HOPE EVERYONE ELSE DOES, YOU 1312 00:51:12,560 --> 00:51:15,040 SORT OF SEE YOURSELF COMING FULL 1313 00:51:15,040 --> 00:51:16,160 CIRCLE. WHAT I HAVE SEEN THE 1314 00:51:16,160 --> 00:51:17,560 LAST TWO YEARS IS MYSELF COMING 1315 00:51:17,560 --> 00:51:20,280 FULL CIRCLE AROUND INFORMATION 1316 00:51:20,280 --> 00:51:22,120 AND INFORMATION SHARING SO MUCH 1317 00:51:22,120 --> 00:51:23,400 THAT I WENT BACK-TO-SCHOOL LAST 1318 00:51:23,400 --> 00:51:25,000 YEAR AND I GOT A DEGREE IN 1319 00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:26,480 HEALTH INFORMATICS. SO A LOT OF 1320 00:51:26,480 --> 00:51:28,640 WHAT YOU HEAR ME TALKING ABOUT 1321 00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:30,440 WITH DATA LIQUIDITY ELECTRONIC 1322 00:51:30,440 --> 00:51:32,680 HEALTH RECORDS AND HEALTH 1323 00:51:32,680 --> 00:51:34,720 INFORMATION IS COMING FROM THIS 1324 00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:35,760 NEW KNOWLEDGE I DISCOVERED THAT 1325 00:51:35,760 --> 00:51:37,960 I PUT INTO MY REPERTOIRE, SKILLS 1326 00:51:37,960 --> 00:51:41,240 NOW, BOTH AS LIBRARIAN AS A 1327 00:51:41,240 --> 00:51:43,480 SCHOLAR. WHEN I TALK DATA 1328 00:51:43,480 --> 00:51:44,960 LIQUIDITY I AM TALKING LANGUAGE 1329 00:51:44,960 --> 00:51:47,080 AND PROCESSES THAT ARE REALLY 1330 00:51:47,080 --> 00:51:48,880 TALKED ABOUT WILDLY IN THE FIELD 1331 00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:51,400 OF HEALTH INFORMATICS. WHAT IS 1332 00:51:51,400 --> 00:51:54,520 DATA LICK IN THE CONTEXT OF 1333 00:51:54,520 --> 00:51:55,520 HEALTHCARE? DATA LIQUIDITY 1334 00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:57,320 ABILITY OF DATA TO FLOW 1335 00:51:57,320 --> 00:51:59,280 THROUGHOUT A HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 1336 00:51:59,280 --> 00:52:00,520 EASILY AND SECURELY SO THAT 1337 00:52:00,520 --> 00:52:01,480 INFORMATION IS QUICKLY AVAILABLE 1338 00:52:01,480 --> 00:52:03,320 TO CLINICIANS, PATIENTS AND 1339 00:52:03,320 --> 00:52:06,200 OTHERS WHENEVER THEY NEED IT. 1340 00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:07,200 PEOPLE THINK ABOUT DATA 1341 00:52:07,200 --> 00:52:08,800 LIQUIDITY AS BEING THE RIGHT 1342 00:52:08,800 --> 00:52:10,880 DATA, TO THE RIGHT PERSON AT THE 1343 00:52:10,880 --> 00:52:11,880 RIGHT TIME. FOR THE RIGHT 1344 00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:14,440 PROBLEM. SOMETIMES PEOPLE WILL 1345 00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:16,720 TALK ABOUT DATA INTEROPERABILITY 1346 00:52:16,720 --> 00:52:18,960 AND DATA LIQUIDITY AS INTER-- 1347 00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:21,120 THEY USE THEM INTERCHANGEABLY 1348 00:52:21,120 --> 00:52:22,040 AND THERE ARE REALLY SOME 1349 00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:23,600 DISTINCTIONS. WE TALK ABOUT 1350 00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:25,160 DATA INTEROPERABILITY OFTEN 1351 00:52:25,160 --> 00:52:27,200 PEOPLE ARE TALKING SHARING THAT 1352 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:29,400 DATA, LINKING DATA, MAKING THAT 1353 00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:32,040 DATA ACCESSIBLE BETWEEN 1354 00:52:32,040 --> 00:52:33,160 DIFFERENT SYSTEMS AND HAVING 1355 00:52:33,160 --> 00:52:34,640 SYSTEMS SPEAK TO EACH OTHER, 1356 00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:36,920 REALLY IMPORTANT THINGS IN 1357 00:52:36,920 --> 00:52:37,880 HEALTHCARE, REALLY IMPORTANT 1358 00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:40,880 THINGS IN THE WORLD OF DIGITAL 1359 00:52:40,880 --> 00:52:42,960 COLLECTIONS ALSO. DATA LIQUIDITY 1360 00:52:42,960 --> 00:52:44,160 IS DIFFERENT IN THE SENSE DATA 1361 00:52:44,160 --> 00:52:47,200 LIQUIDITY IS MORE FOCUSED AROUND 1362 00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:49,800 PROBLEM-SOLVING, DIAGNOSING A 1363 00:52:49,800 --> 00:52:53,680 CONDITION. RIGHT? AND ACCESSING 1364 00:52:53,680 --> 00:52:55,160 DATA THAT COULD THEN BE 1365 00:52:55,160 --> 00:52:56,480 INCORPORATING DATA THAT CAN BE 1366 00:52:56,480 --> 00:52:58,120 USED FOR THAT PARTICULAR PROBLEM 1367 00:52:58,120 --> 00:53:00,200 BUT ALSO CAN BE USED DOWNSTREAM 1368 00:53:00,200 --> 00:53:02,800 FOR OTHER PROBLEMS. THERE IS A 1369 00:53:02,800 --> 00:53:04,640 CERTAIN LEVEL OF FLEXIBILITY AND 1370 00:53:04,640 --> 00:53:06,200 IDEA AROUND DIAGNOSIS AND 1371 00:53:06,200 --> 00:53:09,840 SOLVING A PROBLEM THAT IS REALLY 1372 00:53:09,840 --> 00:53:12,280 PART OF THIS I LOVE DATA 1373 00:53:12,280 --> 00:53:13,960 LIQUIDITY. IT IS NOT TETHERED TO 1374 00:53:13,960 --> 00:53:15,760 A PARTICULAR SYSTEM OR 1375 00:53:15,760 --> 00:53:16,480 INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE THERE 1376 00:53:16,480 --> 00:53:17,960 IS A CERTAIN FLEXIBILITY OF THIS 1377 00:53:17,960 --> 00:53:19,000 DATA LIQUIDITY SO THERE HAS TO 1378 00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:21,280 BE AN INFRASTRUCTURE THAT CAN 1379 00:53:21,280 --> 00:53:24,960 HANDLE A LEVEL OF FLEXIBILITY. 1380 00:53:24,960 --> 00:53:27,560 AND DATA LIQUIDITY CREATES THE 1381 00:53:27,560 --> 00:53:30,040 NECESSARY CONTEXT AND NECESSARY 1382 00:53:30,040 --> 00:53:31,640 NUANCE TO INFORMATION. SO IF YOU 1383 00:53:31,640 --> 00:53:36,280 ARE DIAGNOSING SOMEONE, 1384 00:53:36,280 --> 00:53:37,000 SOMETHING HEALTHCARE PROBLEM AND 1385 00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:40,680 YOU NEED TO PULL IN DATA ABOUT 1386 00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:43,040 THEIR HEART RATE IN ANOTHER 1387 00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:44,800 INSTANCE, YOU WANTED TO KNOW THE 1388 00:53:44,800 --> 00:53:46,480 CONTEXT OF THAT DATA, YOU WANT 1389 00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:48,000 TO KNOW THE BACKGROUND 1390 00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:50,360 INFORMATION FROM DATA YOU PULL 1391 00:53:50,360 --> 00:53:53,160 IN. DATA LIQUIDITY ALSO IS 1392 00:53:53,160 --> 00:53:54,160 MULTI-DIRECTIONAL FLOWS. IT CAN 1393 00:53:54,160 --> 00:53:57,360 BE USED DOWNSTREAM AND LATER BY 1394 00:53:57,360 --> 00:53:59,320 OTHER SYSTEMS OR OTHER USERS, I 1395 00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:01,000 JUST MENTIONED THAT. L IT GOT ME 1396 00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:02,480 THINKING ABOUT DATA LIQUIDITY 1397 00:54:02,480 --> 00:54:05,800 FOR DIGITAL COLLECTION. DIGITAL 1398 00:54:05,800 --> 00:54:07,320 BACK DOORS IN GENERAL. BIG 1399 00:54:07,320 --> 00:54:09,640 PROBLEM WITH DIGITAL BACK DOORS 1400 00:54:09,640 --> 00:54:11,880 WHETHER THERE ARE CONCEPTUALIZED 1401 00:54:11,880 --> 00:54:13,040 DIGITAL COLLECTION 1402 00:54:13,040 --> 00:54:14,040 CONCEPTUALIZED IN THE WORLD OF 1403 00:54:14,040 --> 00:54:18,160 HEALTHCARE IS DATA. DIRTY DATA, 1404 00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:20,280 INCOMPLETE DATA, BIAS DATA, SO 1405 00:54:20,280 --> 00:54:25,120 SO MUCH SORT OF RESTS IN THIS 1406 00:54:25,120 --> 00:54:26,160 KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE WITH 1407 00:54:26,160 --> 00:54:28,160 DATA AS A DATA POINT. AND WHAT 1408 00:54:28,160 --> 00:54:31,160 GOES INTO THAT DATA. SO I 1409 00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:32,800 THOUGHT ABOUT WHO -- THINK ABOUT 1410 00:54:32,800 --> 00:54:34,120 METADATA LIQUIDITY IN THESE 1411 00:54:34,120 --> 00:54:35,560 DIGITAL COLLECTIONS HISTORY OF 1412 00:54:35,560 --> 00:54:37,080 RACISM AND MEDICINE OR HISTORY 1413 00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:39,240 OF RACE AND MEDICINE, WE MIGHT 1414 00:54:39,240 --> 00:54:42,120 THINK ABOUT THE WAYS THAT 1415 00:54:42,120 --> 00:54:44,240 LIBRARIAN -- LIBRARY STAFF, 1416 00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:45,800 LIBRARIANS HAVE GREATER ACCESS 1417 00:54:45,800 --> 00:54:48,880 TO INFORMATION AND DATA. 1418 00:54:48,880 --> 00:54:50,320 INCORPORATING AND TAPPING INTO 1419 00:54:50,320 --> 00:54:52,160 THE HISTORY OF RACISM AND 1420 00:54:52,160 --> 00:54:56,080 MEDICINE AND SCIENCE TO USE TO 1421 00:54:56,080 --> 00:54:57,280 CONTEXTUALIZE AND ANALYZE 1422 00:54:57,280 --> 00:54:58,440 DIGITAL OBJECTS THEY HAVE TO 1423 00:54:58,440 --> 00:54:59,920 DESCRIBE SO THEY CAN BRING IN 1424 00:54:59,920 --> 00:55:01,920 OTHER INFORMATION THAT ENABLES 1425 00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:05,760 TOME TO DESCRIBE AND CREATE 1426 00:55:05,760 --> 00:55:07,360 ACCURATE METADATA TO DESCRIBE 1427 00:55:07,360 --> 00:55:09,520 IMAGES THAT I SHOWED YOU MORE 1428 00:55:09,520 --> 00:55:11,400 APPROPRIATELY. MORE HUMANELY. 1429 00:55:11,400 --> 00:55:15,680 MORE FROM A JUST PERSPECTIVE. SO 1430 00:55:15,680 --> 00:55:16,880 THIS DRAW CACHE OF DATA 1431 00:55:16,880 --> 00:55:18,880 INFORMATION HISTORICAL AND 1432 00:55:18,880 --> 00:55:21,480 CONTEMPORARY RACISM IN MEDICINE 1433 00:55:21,480 --> 00:55:24,680 AND SCIENCE, BUT ALSO ALLOW DATA 1434 00:55:24,680 --> 00:55:27,560 LIQUIDITY FOR METADATA BUT ALSO 1435 00:55:27,560 --> 00:55:31,600 CREATE LIBRARIANS CREATING NEW 1436 00:55:31,600 --> 00:55:32,320 DATA INFRASTRUCTURE ONE 1437 00:55:32,320 --> 00:55:33,480 DEDICATED TO TECH AND HEALTH 1438 00:55:33,480 --> 00:55:35,400 JUSTICE THAT COULD BE USED AND 1439 00:55:35,400 --> 00:55:37,280 ADOPTED BY DIGITAL HEALTH MORE 1440 00:55:37,280 --> 00:55:43,120 BROADLY. THESE SYSTEMS DIGITAL 1441 00:55:43,120 --> 00:55:46,600 COLLECTIONS AND THE METADATA IS 1442 00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:50,120 TIED TO AND CONNECTED TO 1443 00:55:50,120 --> 00:55:51,280 CERTAINLY SHOULD BE TO HOW 1444 00:55:51,280 --> 00:55:52,240 PEOPLE'S HEALTH CONDITIONS MIGHT 1445 00:55:52,240 --> 00:55:54,640 BE DESCRIBED IN ELECTRONIC 1446 00:55:54,640 --> 00:55:58,000 HEALTH RECORD OR HEALTH RECORD. 1447 00:55:58,000 --> 00:56:00,080 NOT SAYING ONE TO ONE, CERTAINLY 1448 00:56:00,080 --> 00:56:01,880 BOTH APPLES, MAYBE THERE ARE 1449 00:56:01,880 --> 00:56:04,640 APPLE AND ORANGE BUT BOTH FRUIT 1450 00:56:04,640 --> 00:56:06,960 AND BEING THAT WAY, THEY SHOULD 1451 00:56:06,960 --> 00:56:08,880 PROBABLY -- WE SHOULD SEE 1452 00:56:08,880 --> 00:56:09,840 INTERACTION HAPPENING BETWEEN 1453 00:56:09,840 --> 00:56:12,040 HOW WE MIGHT THINK ABOUT 1454 00:56:12,040 --> 00:56:16,600 DIGITIZING OR DESCRIBING HISTORY 1455 00:56:16,600 --> 00:56:19,800 OF RACISM AND MEDICINE WITH HOW 1456 00:56:19,800 --> 00:56:24,080 WE THINK DESCRIBING RACE IN 1457 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:27,120 DIGITAL HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE. 1458 00:56:27,120 --> 00:56:28,600 FINALLY, THIS IS WHERE I WILL 1459 00:56:28,600 --> 00:56:31,760 END AND I WOULD LOVE TO FIELD 1460 00:56:31,760 --> 00:56:34,080 SOME QUESTIONS IF PEOPLE HAVE 1461 00:56:34,080 --> 00:56:36,280 THEM. IS THINKING HOW WE BRING 1462 00:56:36,280 --> 00:56:38,240 BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES INTO 1463 00:56:38,240 --> 00:56:42,200 THIS. BLACK DIGITAL HUMANITIES 1464 00:56:42,200 --> 00:56:43,480 IF YOU REMEMBER IT IS A 1465 00:56:43,480 --> 00:56:44,960 CONSTRUCTIVE DELIBERATE SPACE, 1466 00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:46,120 REALLY THINK WHAT IT MEANS TO BE 1467 00:56:46,120 --> 00:56:47,560 HUMAN. I WOULD LOVE TO CHALLENGE 1468 00:56:47,560 --> 00:56:50,160 ANYONE WORKING WITH DIGITAL 1469 00:56:50,160 --> 00:56:51,440 COLLECTIONS, BUT PARTICULARLY IN 1470 00:56:51,440 --> 00:56:53,520 THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND 1471 00:56:53,520 --> 00:56:56,280 HISTORY OF RACE AND MEDICINE, 1472 00:56:56,280 --> 00:57:00,600 BECAUSE WE KNOW THE FAULTY 1473 00:57:00,600 --> 00:57:03,560 HISTORY, THE THORNY HISTORY, TO 1474 00:57:03,560 --> 00:57:05,080 TAKE UP THESE QUESTIONS OR 1475 00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:06,920 CONSIDERATIONS WHEN WORKING WITH 1476 00:57:06,920 --> 00:57:09,040 DIGITAL OBJECTS AND DIGITAL 1477 00:57:09,040 --> 00:57:11,600 MATERIALS. THE FIRST THING THAT 1478 00:57:11,600 --> 00:57:14,000 A BLACK DH PRACTICE WOULD WANT 1479 00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:15,440 SOMEONE DOING THIS WORK IS TO 1480 00:57:15,440 --> 00:57:16,920 QUESTION THE VALIDITY OF THE 1481 00:57:16,920 --> 00:57:19,960 DIGITAL OBJECT AND THE TECHNICAL 1482 00:57:19,960 --> 00:57:21,320 PROCESSES TO RECOGNIZE RESPECTED 1483 00:57:21,320 --> 00:57:23,360 HUMANITY OF BLACK PEOPLE. WHY DO 1484 00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:26,640 I SAY THAT? BECAUSE BLACK 1485 00:57:26,640 --> 00:57:28,680 PEOPLE'S HUMANITY HAS NOT BEEN 1486 00:57:28,680 --> 00:57:33,080 GIVEN HISTORICALLY AND IT MADE 1487 00:57:33,080 --> 00:57:33,920 PLACES GLOBALLY AND IN THE 1488 00:57:33,920 --> 00:57:35,400 UNITED STATES IT IS NOT 1489 00:57:35,400 --> 00:57:37,120 NECESSARILY A GIVEN, I THINK WE 1490 00:57:37,120 --> 00:57:40,160 HAVE TO QUESTION TECHNOLOGICAL 1491 00:57:40,160 --> 00:57:42,640 PROCESSES AND CERTAIN 1492 00:57:42,640 --> 00:57:44,680 INFRASTRUCTURE THAT WERE CREATED 1493 00:57:44,680 --> 00:57:46,520 IN A VERY NEUTRAL WAY AND 1494 00:57:46,520 --> 00:57:51,120 QUESTION WHETHER THEY ARE 1495 00:57:51,120 --> 00:57:53,320 ACTUALLY INHERENTLY BUILT TO 1496 00:57:53,320 --> 00:57:55,240 RECOGNIZE AND RESPECT HUMANITY 1497 00:57:55,240 --> 00:57:56,720 OF BLACK PEEP AND QUESTIONING 1498 00:57:56,720 --> 00:57:58,400 THAT VALIDITY, QUESTIONING THOSE 1499 00:57:58,400 --> 00:58:00,320 OBJECTS PERHAPS CAN SEE PROBLEMS 1500 00:58:00,320 --> 00:58:06,400 WITH IMAGES OR MATERIALS TICKET, 1501 00:58:06,400 --> 00:58:07,000 DIGITIZED TICKET THAT NEEDS TO 1502 00:58:07,000 --> 00:58:10,120 BE DESCRIBED ACCURATELY. I WOULD 1503 00:58:10,120 --> 00:58:11,880 ALSO ASK LIBRARIANS AN STAFF TO 1504 00:58:11,880 --> 00:58:13,880 THINK ABOUT THE IDEAS AND IMAGES 1505 00:58:13,880 --> 00:58:15,920 OF BLACK PEOPLE HISTORY OF 1506 00:58:15,920 --> 00:58:17,680 MEDICINE, AS PROBLEMS, THAT 1507 00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:19,560 DOESN'T MEAN THEY ARE ALL 1508 00:58:19,560 --> 00:58:21,800 PROBLEMS, RIGHT? BUT A LOT OF 1509 00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:24,600 THE WAYS THAT THE HISTORY OF 1510 00:58:24,600 --> 00:58:26,320 MEDICINE AND THE HISTORY OF 1511 00:58:26,320 --> 00:58:28,360 SCIENCE HAVE TALKED ABOUT BLACK 1512 00:58:28,360 --> 00:58:30,480 PEOPLE AND OTHER PEOPLE OF COLOR 1513 00:58:30,480 --> 00:58:32,600 HAVE BEEN FROM A MODEL OF 1514 00:58:32,600 --> 00:58:34,480 DEFICIT. I THINK IF YOU APPROACH 1515 00:58:34,480 --> 00:58:37,760 THESE DIGITAL IMAGES AS PROBLEMS 1516 00:58:37,760 --> 00:58:40,040 TO BE SOLVED OR RAISING 1517 00:58:40,040 --> 00:58:43,240 QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMANITY, AGAIN 1518 00:58:43,240 --> 00:58:45,040 IT MAY MAKE PEOPLE MORE ATTUNE 1519 00:58:45,040 --> 00:58:48,160 TO THE CHALLENGES AND THE 1520 00:58:48,160 --> 00:58:49,880 COMPLEXITY AND ADDED NUANCE AND 1521 00:58:49,880 --> 00:58:52,040 WORK AND LABOR, ALL THINGS THAT 1522 00:58:52,040 --> 00:58:55,160 I THINK COME WITH MATERIAL COSTS 1523 00:58:55,160 --> 00:58:57,520 BUT I THINK ARE NECESSARY, IN 1524 00:58:57,520 --> 00:59:00,240 DESCRIBING THESE IMAGES. MY 1525 00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:03,960 FINAL CHALLENGE IS THAT I LOVE 1526 00:59:03,960 --> 00:59:06,400 LIBRARIANS AND STAFF TO CREATE 1527 00:59:06,400 --> 00:59:07,200 DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE THAT 1528 00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:09,080 INTENTIONALLY MITIGATES THE HARM 1529 00:59:09,080 --> 00:59:14,840 OF THE ORIGINAL SCENT OF 1530 00:59:14,840 --> 00:59:16,880 ANTI-BLACK RACISM, THAT IS NOT 1531 00:59:16,880 --> 00:59:18,880 TO SUGGEST WHITE LIBRARIANS AN 1532 00:59:18,880 --> 00:59:20,680 STAFF HAVE TO BE ACTIVISTS, 1533 00:59:20,680 --> 00:59:22,640 PROMOTE A PARTICULAR IDEOLOGY 1534 00:59:22,640 --> 00:59:26,440 AROUND RACE OR RACISM, BUT ONE 1535 00:59:26,440 --> 00:59:28,320 MIGHT SEE THEMSELVES PASS 1536 00:59:28,320 --> 00:59:31,200 DISRUPTING THE HISTORY OF THIS 1537 00:59:31,200 --> 00:59:33,360 HARM IN SOMETHING THAT IS ONE 1538 00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:36,040 HAND RELATIVELY SIMPLE BUT VERY 1539 00:59:36,040 --> 00:59:37,640 PROFOUND AN IMPACTFUL IN TERMS 1540 00:59:37,640 --> 00:59:41,360 OF METADATA. AND SEEING THEIR 1541 00:59:41,360 --> 00:59:42,760 WORK IN WORK THAT DISRUPTS AND 1542 00:59:42,760 --> 00:59:43,560 CHALLENGES THE HISTORY OF 1543 00:59:43,560 --> 00:59:46,360 RACISM. SO I WANT TO STOP HERE 1544 00:59:46,360 --> 00:59:48,080 AND SAY THANK YOU AGAIN FOR 1545 00:59:48,080 --> 00:59:49,280 ALLOWING ME TO GIVE THIS TALK 1546 00:59:49,280 --> 00:59:52,120 TODAY. I LOOK FORWARD TO THE 1547 00:59:52,120 --> 00:59:53,880 QUESTIONS. I LOOK FORWARD TO THE 1548 00:59:53,880 --> 00:59:55,800 HARD QUESTIONS AND THE 1549 00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:57,680 CHALLENGES TO THIS WORK. BECAUSE 1550 00:59:57,680 --> 00:59:59,440 IT JUST MAKES ME A BETTER 1551 00:59:59,440 --> 01:00:02,760 SCHOLAR AND MAKES ME DEVELOP 1552 01:00:02,760 --> 01:00:04,040 PROJECTS THAT ARE ACTUALLY GOING 1553 01:00:04,040 --> 01:00:06,760 TO BE MEANINGFUL AND HOPEFULLY 1554 01:00:06,760 --> 01:00:09,040 HAVE A PROFOUND IMPACT ON 1555 01:00:09,040 --> 01:00:10,280 PEOPLE'S LIVES. THANK YOU, I 1556 01:00:10,280 --> 01:00:11,360 WILL ADVANCE O THE LAST SLIDE 1557 01:00:11,360 --> 01:00:11,920 AND LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR 1558 01:00:11,920 --> 01:00:14,680 QUESTIONS. 1559 01:00:14,680 --> 01:00:16,360 >>DR. GALLON, THANK YOU VERY 1560 01:00:16,360 --> 01:00:18,880 MUCH FOR THIS AMAZING AND VERY 1561 01:00:18,880 --> 01:00:21,640 IMPORTANT TALK, QUITE OBVIOUSLY 1562 01:00:21,640 --> 01:00:28,280 TO YOUR POINT ABOUT BEING BETTER 1563 01:00:28,280 --> 01:00:30,240 HISTORIAN AN BETTER LIBRARIAN, 1564 01:00:30,240 --> 01:00:30,760 YOUR HONOR TALK WILL HELP 1565 01:00:30,760 --> 01:00:32,160 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND 1566 01:00:32,160 --> 01:00:35,440 OTHER PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, THAT 1567 01:00:35,440 --> 01:00:37,520 HOLD COLLECTIONS SPANNING 1568 01:00:37,520 --> 01:00:39,720 GENERATIONS AND CENTURIES TO 1569 01:00:39,720 --> 01:00:42,080 STEWARD THEM IN A MUCH MORE 1570 01:00:42,080 --> 01:00:45,160 RESPONSIBLE THOUGHTFUL WAY 1571 01:00:45,160 --> 01:00:46,960 UNDOUBTEDLY. SO WE HOPE, I HOPE 1572 01:00:46,960 --> 01:00:50,240 THAT YOUR TALK WILL BE HEARD BY 1573 01:00:50,240 --> 01:00:52,760 MANY AND LESSONS THEREIN 1574 01:00:52,760 --> 01:00:56,520 FOLLOWED AND HEARD AND 1575 01:00:56,520 --> 01:00:58,000 APPRECIATE BY MANY IN ALL THE 1576 01:00:58,000 --> 01:01:00,640 WAYS YOU DESCRIBE AND ELOQUENTLY 1577 01:01:00,640 --> 01:01:02,360 AND IMPACTFULLY. BEFORE WE MOVE 1578 01:01:02,360 --> 01:01:05,240 TO QUESTIONS LET ME SAY I 1579 01:01:05,240 --> 01:01:07,920 CERTAINLY SHARE IN THE MOST 1580 01:01:07,920 --> 01:01:08,920 POSITIVE WAY THE NATIONAL 1581 01:01:08,920 --> 01:01:10,600 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IS AWARE OF 1582 01:01:10,600 --> 01:01:12,240 AND SUPPORTS THE NEED TO UPDATE 1583 01:01:12,240 --> 01:01:15,680 ITS METADATA. SO THANK YOU VERY 1584 01:01:15,680 --> 01:01:17,720 MUCH FOR BRINGING THIS 1585 01:01:17,720 --> 01:01:18,960 CONVERSATION FORWARD PUBLICLY, 1586 01:01:18,960 --> 01:01:20,400 IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR ALL THE 1587 01:01:20,400 --> 01:01:21,600 REASONS YOU STATE FAR BETTER 1588 01:01:21,600 --> 01:01:25,400 THAN I CAN. I HAVE A NUMBER OF 1589 01:01:25,400 --> 01:01:26,640 QUESTIONS THAT HAVE COME IN. LET 1590 01:01:26,640 --> 01:01:30,720 ME GET RIGHT TO THEM. THANK YOU 1591 01:01:30,720 --> 01:01:32,600 FOR THIS INCREDIBLY INSIGHTFUL 1592 01:01:32,600 --> 01:01:34,840 AND REGULATORY TALK, SOMEONE 1593 01:01:34,840 --> 01:01:37,280 WRITES IN REGARDING METADATA, 1594 01:01:37,280 --> 01:01:39,840 AND IMPROVING CATALOG RECORDS TO 1595 01:01:39,840 --> 01:01:40,640 INDICATE THAT CERTAIN COLLECTION 1596 01:01:40,640 --> 01:01:42,760 ITEMS ARE RACIST, THE EXAMPLES 1597 01:01:42,760 --> 01:01:44,520 YOU SHARED ARE SOMEWHAT 1598 01:01:44,520 --> 01:01:46,240 OBVIOUSLY RACIST AND COULD BE 1599 01:01:46,240 --> 01:01:48,440 LABELED AS SUCH. AND SHOULD BE 1600 01:01:48,440 --> 01:01:50,400 LABELED AS SUCH BUT SOME RACISM 1601 01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:51,880 WITH INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS IS MUCH 1602 01:01:51,880 --> 01:01:54,800 MORE SUBTLE AND SUBJECTIVE. 1603 01:01:54,800 --> 01:01:55,920 CATALOGING NEEDS TO BE AS 1604 01:01:55,920 --> 01:01:56,800 OBJECTIVE AS POSSIBLE THOUGH 1605 01:01:56,800 --> 01:02:01,400 SOME LEVEL OF BIAS IS PROBABLY 1606 01:02:01,400 --> 01:02:02,160 UP I VOIDABLE THOUGH WE NEED TO 1607 01:02:02,160 --> 01:02:05,480 BE AWARE. HOW DO WE OBJECTIVELY 1608 01:02:05,480 --> 01:02:06,520 DEFINE SOMETHING AS SUBJECTIVE 1609 01:02:06,520 --> 01:02:09,200 AS RACISM? 1610 01:02:09,200 --> 01:02:14,120 >>GREAT QUESTION, IF I HAD THAT 1611 01:02:14,120 --> 01:02:16,800 ANSWER PROBABLY -- COULD MAYBE 1612 01:02:16,800 --> 01:02:17,920 CHANGE THE WORLD IN SOME SENSE 1613 01:02:17,920 --> 01:02:19,520 BUT A GOOD QUESTION ABOUT THE 1614 01:02:19,520 --> 01:02:25,160 SUBTLETY OF RACISM AND THE HARM 1615 01:02:25,160 --> 01:02:28,600 THAT HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY 1616 01:02:28,600 --> 01:02:31,200 TECHS CODO UNWITTINGLY. I DON'T 1617 01:02:31,200 --> 01:02:32,840 WANT TO SAY WE HAVE THE APPROACH 1618 01:02:32,840 --> 01:02:36,960 RACISM AS SORT OF IN THE EYE OF 1619 01:02:36,960 --> 01:02:41,480 THE HOLDER OR RECEIVER. I THINK 1620 01:02:41,480 --> 01:02:45,520 THOUGH THAT CREATING METADATA, 1621 01:02:45,520 --> 01:02:47,440 THAT IS NUANCED AND 1622 01:02:47,440 --> 01:02:50,320 CONTEXTUALIZED, METADATA THAT 1623 01:02:50,320 --> 01:02:51,320 SHARES MORE DATA LIQUIDITY, I 1624 01:02:51,320 --> 01:02:55,280 WANT TO GO BACK TO THAT THAT IS 1625 01:02:55,280 --> 01:02:57,560 LINKED AND INTERCONNECTED WITH 1626 01:02:57,560 --> 01:03:00,720 MAYBE ORIGINAL SOURCES. AGAIN, I 1627 01:03:00,720 --> 01:03:02,600 MAY BE SPEAKING OUTS OF TURN, IN 1628 01:03:02,600 --> 01:03:04,280 TERMS OF WHAT IS POSSIBLE IN THE 1629 01:03:04,280 --> 01:03:08,720 RECORDS. RIGHT? IN THE 1630 01:03:08,720 --> 01:03:10,400 TECHNICAL RECORDS IN TERMS OF 1631 01:03:10,400 --> 01:03:12,560 FIELDS THAT HAVE TO BE OR CAN BE 1632 01:03:12,560 --> 01:03:15,880 POPULATED. BUT IF THERE IS A WAY 1633 01:03:15,880 --> 01:03:19,920 TO CREATE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT 1634 01:03:19,920 --> 01:03:24,240 WOULD LINK TO ORIGINAL SOURCES 1635 01:03:24,240 --> 01:03:28,320 OR ORIGINAL AWE ORSHIP OR MORE 1636 01:03:28,320 --> 01:03:30,720 INFORMATION ABOUT PARTICULAR 1637 01:03:30,720 --> 01:03:33,560 INDIVIDUAL OR SYSTEM, I THINK 1638 01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:35,160 THAT CREATES AVENUE FOR PEOPLE 1639 01:03:35,160 --> 01:03:36,400 HOPEFULLY TO LEARN MORE 1640 01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:38,520 INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARTICULAR 1641 01:03:38,520 --> 01:03:41,160 ITEM OR OBJECT. PARTICULARLY IN 1642 01:03:41,160 --> 01:03:44,600 THESE INSTANCES WHERE THERE IS 1643 01:03:44,600 --> 01:03:47,440 SUBTLE SHADES OF RACISM, SO I 1644 01:03:47,440 --> 01:03:48,640 DON'T KNOW IF THAT NECESSARILY 1645 01:03:48,640 --> 01:03:50,680 ANSWER IT IS QUESTION BUT I 1646 01:03:50,680 --> 01:03:52,320 DEFINITELY THINK DATA LIQUIDITY 1647 01:03:52,320 --> 01:03:54,000 AND INTEROPERABILITY LINKED AND 1648 01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:59,160 SHARED DATA HAS TO CAN COME INTO 1649 01:03:59,160 --> 01:04:00,160 PLAY AND ALSO THINKING ABOUT 1650 01:04:00,160 --> 01:04:03,840 SHARING AND LINKING DATA, MOVING 1651 01:04:03,840 --> 01:04:08,440 BEYOND SHARING DATA BUT ALSO 1652 01:04:08,440 --> 01:04:09,600 DATA LIQUIDITY CREATING AND 1653 01:04:09,600 --> 01:04:12,600 TRYING TO SOLVE PROBLEMS. 1654 01:04:12,600 --> 01:04:15,480 PROBLEMS OF OBSCURED HISTORIES, 1655 01:04:15,480 --> 01:04:18,160 PROBLEMS OF HISTORIES THAT ARE 1656 01:04:18,160 --> 01:04:23,000 ONE DIMENSIONAL OR ARE UNKNOWN. 1657 01:04:23,000 --> 01:04:24,120 I THINK MANY OF THE PEOPLE I 1658 01:04:24,120 --> 01:04:26,640 TALK TO TALK ABOUT LINK DATA, 1659 01:04:26,640 --> 01:04:29,920 TANK INTEROPERABILITY, SHARED 1660 01:04:29,920 --> 01:04:32,960 DATA, AS A SHARING INFORMATION 1661 01:04:32,960 --> 01:04:34,360 BUT P WE MIGHT TURN THAT SHARING 1662 01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:37,440 INFORMATION TO HOW DO WE SOLVE 1663 01:04:37,440 --> 01:04:38,920 PROBLEMS, AROUND DESCRIBING 1664 01:04:38,920 --> 01:04:42,400 THINGS ACCURATELY, IT MIGHT BE 1665 01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:44,280 -- MIGHT REVEAL MORE THAN IT 1666 01:04:44,280 --> 01:04:46,080 ACTUALLY -- THAN WE MIGHT THINK 1667 01:04:46,080 --> 01:04:47,760 AND THAT MIGHT GO INTO 1668 01:04:47,760 --> 01:04:50,640 DESCRIBING OR PROVIDING MORE 1669 01:04:50,640 --> 01:04:53,600 HISTORY OF RACISM MAYBE NOT AS 1670 01:04:53,600 --> 01:04:53,960 APPARENT. 1671 01:04:53,960 --> 01:04:57,760 >>THANK YOU. ANOTHER QUESTION 1672 01:04:57,760 --> 01:04:58,920 HAS COME IN SIMILAR TO THE FIRST 1673 01:04:58,920 --> 01:05:01,160 ONE BUT I THINK A DEEP DIVE HERE 1674 01:05:01,160 --> 01:05:03,720 IS WELL WORTH IT. THANK YOU, DR. 1675 01:05:03,720 --> 01:05:04,600 GALLON, FOR YOUR PRESENTATION 1676 01:05:04,600 --> 01:05:07,320 AND YOUR THOUGHTFUL COMMENTS ON 1677 01:05:07,320 --> 01:05:09,360 METADATA. MANY IN THE ARCHIVE 1678 01:05:09,360 --> 01:05:10,280 WORLD HAD BEEN LOOKING AT ME 1679 01:05:10,280 --> 01:05:12,600 DATA AND MAKING CHANGES SUCH AS 1680 01:05:12,600 --> 01:05:15,360 ADDRESSING HARMFUL LANGUAGE IN 1681 01:05:15,360 --> 01:05:16,800 METADATA. I HAVE NOT HEARD OF 1682 01:05:16,800 --> 01:05:18,840 ANY ARCHIVES LOOKING AT ADDING 1683 01:05:18,840 --> 01:05:21,200 LANGUAGE THAT SPECIFICALLY 1684 01:05:21,200 --> 01:05:27,360 IDENTIFIES CONTENT AS RACIST OR 1685 01:05:27,360 --> 01:05:30,200 I AM AWARE OF SOME WRITES 1686 01:05:30,200 --> 01:05:31,240 ORGANIZATIONS HAVE HARMFUL 1687 01:05:31,240 --> 01:05:32,920 CONTENT WARNING ON CONTENT 1688 01:05:32,920 --> 01:05:35,320 PAGES. WHAT WAYS WOULD YOU 1689 01:05:35,320 --> 01:05:37,280 SUGGEST NLM BEGIN LOOKING AT ITS 1690 01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:39,960 METADATA? 1691 01:05:39,960 --> 01:05:42,960 >>THAT IS INTERESTING. I 1692 01:05:42,960 --> 01:05:44,400 THOUGHT A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT. 1693 01:05:44,400 --> 01:05:47,440 I'M NOT THE EXPERT IN HERE, IN 1694 01:05:47,440 --> 01:05:51,080 THIS WAY. IN THIS INSTANCE, TO 1695 01:05:51,080 --> 01:05:52,400 PRESCRIBE WHAT THE NATIONAL 1696 01:05:52,400 --> 01:05:55,040 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE SHOULD DO. I 1697 01:05:55,040 --> 01:05:57,160 WILL SAY COUPLE OF THINGS. ONE, 1698 01:05:57,160 --> 01:06:00,240 THAT THERE ARE IMAGES AND THINGS 1699 01:06:00,240 --> 01:06:03,680 THAT DRY SCRIBE AS RACIST OR 1700 01:06:03,680 --> 01:06:07,320 BEING CONNOTING OR EXPRESSING A 1701 01:06:07,320 --> 01:06:08,960 HISTORY OF RACISM ALREADY IN THE 1702 01:06:08,960 --> 01:06:10,120 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE SO 1703 01:06:10,120 --> 01:06:12,440 THERE IS AN EXISTING PROCESS 1704 01:06:12,440 --> 01:06:14,040 PERHAPS. I WOULDN'T KNOW THAT 1705 01:06:14,040 --> 01:06:15,480 BUT I KNOW THAT I DID A COUPLE 1706 01:06:15,480 --> 01:06:18,680 OF TESTS TO SEE IF I COULD FIND 1707 01:06:18,680 --> 01:06:21,000 SCIENTIFIC RACISM OR RACISM AS A 1708 01:06:21,000 --> 01:06:23,000 PIECE OF METADATA IN THE DIGITAL 1709 01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:24,800 COLLECTIONS AND I DID FIND 1710 01:06:24,800 --> 01:06:26,040 THINGS. I WOULD SAY THAT I 1711 01:06:26,040 --> 01:06:29,240 DIDN'T FIND A LOT AND I PUT IN 1712 01:06:29,240 --> 01:06:32,080 RACISM AS DIGITAL LIBRARY IMAGE 1713 01:06:32,080 --> 01:06:33,120 COLLECTIONS, NOTHING WAS 1714 01:06:33,120 --> 01:06:35,680 RETURNED. SO I DO KNOW THERE IS 1715 01:06:35,680 --> 01:06:39,760 METADATA IN THE DIGITAL 1716 01:06:39,760 --> 01:06:41,240 COLLECTIONS, THAT SPEAKS TO 1717 01:06:41,240 --> 01:06:42,800 PARTICULAR IMAGE BEING EITHER 1718 01:06:42,800 --> 01:06:45,160 RACIST OR EXPRESSING RACISM. OR 1719 01:06:45,160 --> 01:06:51,520 TALKING ABOUT RACISM. I DO THINK 1720 01:06:51,520 --> 01:06:54,120 THERE MIGHT BE INFRASTRUCTURE 1721 01:06:54,120 --> 01:06:55,360 PROCESSES THAT EXIST. I WANT TO 1722 01:06:55,360 --> 01:06:58,840 SPEAK TO HARMFUL CONTENT PART OF 1723 01:06:58,840 --> 01:07:01,040 THIS. I HAVE SEEN THAT LANGUAGE 1724 01:07:01,040 --> 01:07:02,600 AND NOT A FAN OF THOSE, I 1725 01:07:02,600 --> 01:07:03,720 WOULDN'T ADVOCATE FOR THOSE IF I 1726 01:07:03,720 --> 01:07:07,120 WERE IN A POSITION OF POWER 1727 01:07:07,120 --> 01:07:08,600 DECISION MAKING IN TERMS OF 1728 01:07:08,600 --> 01:07:09,960 METADATA BECAUSE I THINK WE HAVE 1729 01:07:09,960 --> 01:07:12,680 TO CALL THINGS OUT FOR WHAT THEY 1730 01:07:12,680 --> 01:07:14,560 ARE. RACIST IMAGES ARE HARMFUL 1731 01:07:14,560 --> 01:07:16,680 BUT I THINK WE NEED THE GET 1732 01:07:16,680 --> 01:07:19,840 COMFORTABLE WITH LANGUAGE THAT 1733 01:07:19,840 --> 01:07:24,880 IS REVEALING OF THE HISTORY OF 1734 01:07:24,880 --> 01:07:26,040 INSTITUTIONS IN THE HEALTHCARE 1735 01:07:26,040 --> 01:07:28,520 SYSTEMS IN THIS COUNTRY. IT IS 1736 01:07:28,520 --> 01:07:31,080 NOT A COMBINATION, IT IS A 1737 01:07:31,080 --> 01:07:36,480 RECONCILING WITH HISTORY OF 1738 01:07:36,480 --> 01:07:37,280 HEALTHCARE SCIENTIFIC FEEL THAT 1739 01:07:37,280 --> 01:07:40,320 IS BASED IN FACT IN EVIDENCE. 1740 01:07:40,320 --> 01:07:43,160 WHEN WE LABEL SOMETHING HARMFUL, 1741 01:07:43,160 --> 01:07:46,040 AS OPPOSED TO RACIST, WE ARE 1742 01:07:46,040 --> 01:07:49,000 DIMINISHING THE POWER TO 1743 01:07:49,000 --> 01:07:51,680 ACTUALLY MAKE CHANGE THAT COULD 1744 01:07:51,680 --> 01:07:52,720 BRING US ALL FURTHER ALONG IN 1745 01:07:52,720 --> 01:07:57,160 OUR HUMANITY AND OUR DESIRE, 1746 01:07:57,160 --> 01:07:58,360 HOPEFULLY COLLECTIVE DESIRE TO 1747 01:07:58,360 --> 01:07:59,200 LIVE IN A JUST WORLD. 1748 01:07:59,200 --> 01:08:05,040 >>THANK YOU. COUPLE OF OTHER 1749 01:08:05,040 --> 01:08:08,240 QUESTIONS HAVE COME IN WITH SOME 1750 01:08:08,240 --> 01:08:09,880 COMMENTS ABOUT PRESENTATION, 1751 01:08:09,880 --> 01:08:10,960 ABSOLUTELY BRILLIANT 1752 01:08:10,960 --> 01:08:11,960 PRESENTATION, SOMEONE WRITES MY 1753 01:08:11,960 --> 01:08:14,080 THANKS TO DR. GALLON FOR SHARING 1754 01:08:14,080 --> 01:08:17,880 HER WORK AN PERSPECTIVE. 1755 01:08:17,880 --> 01:08:19,240 ADDITIONALLY WE NEED TO EXPAND 1756 01:08:19,240 --> 01:08:21,120 OUR KNOWLEDGE OF IMPLICIT AND 1757 01:08:21,120 --> 01:08:22,720 EXPLICIT BIASES TO INCLUDE THE 1758 01:08:22,720 --> 01:08:25,080 DIGITAL WORLD. AND AN 1759 01:08:25,080 --> 01:08:27,360 UNDERSTANDING OF AGGREGATION OF 1760 01:08:27,360 --> 01:08:28,280 DATA, DATA LIQUIDITY AND HOW IT 1761 01:08:28,280 --> 01:08:31,080 IS USED TO PREVENT AND NOT 1762 01:08:31,080 --> 01:08:34,000 EXACERBATE RACISM. ONE QUESTION 1763 01:08:34,000 --> 01:08:35,440 SPECIFIC QUESTION THAT HAS COME 1764 01:08:35,440 --> 01:08:37,000 IN, CAN YOU SAY MORE ABOUT 1765 01:08:37,000 --> 01:08:40,040 DIGITAL RED LINING? WHAT THAT 1766 01:08:40,040 --> 01:08:43,760 EXACTLY -- WHAT MEANS EXACTLY? 1767 01:08:43,760 --> 01:08:47,440 >>YEAH. AIM NOT DIGITAL -- I 1768 01:08:47,440 --> 01:08:49,760 DON'T EXPERT OR SPEAK VERY MUCH 1769 01:08:49,760 --> 01:08:52,880 ABOUT DIGITAL RED LINING AS A 1770 01:08:52,880 --> 01:08:54,400 SCHOLAR. I DON'T SPEAK AT IT 1771 01:08:54,400 --> 01:08:56,480 FROM A SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE BUT 1772 01:08:56,480 --> 01:09:00,360 BASELINE DIGITAL RED LINING IS 1773 01:09:00,360 --> 01:09:02,320 THE -- INEQUITABLE, SOMETIMES 1774 01:09:02,320 --> 01:09:05,520 BECAUSE OF GEOGRAPHY, BUT BROAD 1775 01:09:05,520 --> 01:09:10,680 BASE WIFI OR INTERNET ACCESS, 1776 01:09:10,680 --> 01:09:12,040 NEEDED IN ORDER TO RUN 1777 01:09:12,040 --> 01:09:13,440 APPLICATIONS, ACCESS THE 1778 01:09:13,440 --> 01:09:15,720 INTERNET, SO IN MANY PARTS 1779 01:09:15,720 --> 01:09:17,400 PARTICULARLY IN RURAL AREAS 1780 01:09:17,400 --> 01:09:19,240 WHERE YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE 1781 01:09:19,240 --> 01:09:22,680 PEOPLE LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC 1782 01:09:22,680 --> 01:09:24,200 INCOMES, THEY LACK BROADBAND 1783 01:09:24,200 --> 01:09:28,400 ACCESS TO THE INTERNET. WE RAY 1784 01:09:28,400 --> 01:09:29,320 THROUGH SAW WHAT THAT MEANT FOR 1785 01:09:29,320 --> 01:09:32,040 PEOPLE WHO HAD TO ACCESS 1786 01:09:32,040 --> 01:09:33,960 TELEHEALTH OR SCHOOL ONLINE AND 1787 01:09:33,960 --> 01:09:37,920 IN RURAL AREAS, AND OTHER AREAS 1788 01:09:37,920 --> 01:09:40,680 WHERE -- THERE ARE SOME URBAN 1789 01:09:40,680 --> 01:09:42,760 SWATH AND POCKETS THAT ALSO LACK 1790 01:09:42,760 --> 01:09:44,760 REALLY GOOD BROADBAND ACCESS. 1791 01:09:44,760 --> 01:09:48,280 SO DIGITAL RED LINING LIKE THE 1792 01:09:48,280 --> 01:09:50,840 RED LINING, IT IS A MEANING FROM 1793 01:09:50,840 --> 01:09:52,920 THE RED LINING THAT HAPPENS IN 1794 01:09:52,920 --> 01:09:55,680 THE 1930s, '40s AND '50s 1795 01:09:55,680 --> 01:09:57,720 WHERE LENDERS DRAW RED LINES 1796 01:09:57,720 --> 01:10:00,520 AROUND THE MAPS OF WHERE BLACK 1797 01:10:00,520 --> 01:10:03,280 PEOPLE LIVE AS THESE ARE PLACES 1798 01:10:03,280 --> 01:10:05,640 THAT PEOPLE SHOULDN'T GET ACCESS 1799 01:10:05,640 --> 01:10:10,040 TO HOME LOANS AND THESE ARE 1800 01:10:10,040 --> 01:10:13,240 AREAS OF THE COUNTRY TERMS OF 1801 01:10:13,240 --> 01:10:14,960 HOUSING, THAT HAVE LOW PROPERTY 1802 01:10:14,960 --> 01:10:16,800 VALUES THAT ARE CONSIDERED 1803 01:10:16,800 --> 01:10:19,000 PLACES THAT NO ONE WANTS TO LIVE 1804 01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:21,640 BECAUSE BLACK COMMUNITIES ABOUT 1805 01:10:21,640 --> 01:10:23,680 THE STIGMA RACE AND RACISM 1806 01:10:23,680 --> 01:10:25,120 ATTACHED TO THEM. SO THAT IS 1807 01:10:25,120 --> 01:10:26,240 WHERE DIGITAL RED LINING COMES 1808 01:10:26,240 --> 01:10:29,320 FROM. THERE'S SOME PUSH BACK ON 1809 01:10:29,320 --> 01:10:32,480 THAT, AND ABOUT WHETHER YOU CAN 1810 01:10:32,480 --> 01:10:34,640 REALLY CALL IT RED LINING. 1811 01:10:34,640 --> 01:10:36,000 BECAUSE THERE IS A REAL 1812 01:10:36,000 --> 01:10:38,520 INTENTION ON LENDERS AND 1813 01:10:38,520 --> 01:10:40,080 MORTGAGE COMPANIES TO DRAW RED 1814 01:10:40,080 --> 01:10:43,160 LINES ON A MAP. DIGITAL RED 1815 01:10:43,160 --> 01:10:45,040 LINING EITHER ARGUE, NOT AN 1816 01:10:45,040 --> 01:10:48,080 EXPERT ON THIS, HAPPENS IN THIS 1817 01:10:48,080 --> 01:10:49,640 UNINTENTIONAL WAY. I DON'T THINK 1818 01:10:49,640 --> 01:10:53,960 THERE IS A LOT OF INTENTION TO 1819 01:10:53,960 --> 01:10:56,240 CREATE LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE 1820 01:10:56,240 --> 01:10:57,600 FOR ACCESSING THE INTERNET. SO 1821 01:10:57,600 --> 01:10:59,280 SOME PEOPLE PUSH BACK ON CALLING 1822 01:10:59,280 --> 01:11:01,560 IT DIGITAL RED LINING BECAUSE OF 1823 01:11:01,560 --> 01:11:02,720 LACK OF INTENTIONALITY. THE 1824 01:11:02,720 --> 01:11:04,720 IMPACT, I THINK IS THE SAME. IT 1825 01:11:04,720 --> 01:11:10,160 IS TIED TO RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS 1826 01:11:10,160 --> 01:11:11,920 SO WHOM EVER ASKED THAT QUESTION 1827 01:11:11,920 --> 01:11:13,440 I HOPE I DID IT JUSTICE. IF 1828 01:11:13,440 --> 01:11:17,040 ANYONE HAS A MORE SUCCINCT 1829 01:11:17,040 --> 01:11:17,960 SOPHISTICATED ANSWER PLEASE FEEL 1830 01:11:17,960 --> 01:11:19,200 FREE TO PUT A LINK IN THE CHAT 1831 01:11:19,200 --> 01:11:20,520 OR SOMETHING ELSE. 1832 01:11:20,520 --> 01:11:22,360 >>THANK YOU, DR. GALLON. 1833 01:11:22,360 --> 01:11:23,600 CERTAINLY JUST A REMINDER TO 1834 01:11:23,600 --> 01:11:25,640 THOSE WATCHING, UNDER YOUR 1835 01:11:25,640 --> 01:11:27,840 VIDEOS AND MY FEEDBACK BUTTON, 1836 01:11:27,840 --> 01:11:29,880 YOU CAN USE THAT TO SEND -- TO 1837 01:11:29,880 --> 01:11:31,680 EMAIL QUESTIONS TO ME. WHICH I 1838 01:11:31,680 --> 01:11:34,400 WILL BE HAPPY TO HAVE A LOOK AT 1839 01:11:34,400 --> 01:11:37,200 AND AS TIME ALLOWS, ASK DR. 1840 01:11:37,200 --> 01:11:40,920 GALLON TO ADDRESS. SOMEONE 1841 01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:42,960 WRITES IN NOT A LIBRARIAN, AS A 1842 01:11:42,960 --> 01:11:44,920 RESEARCHER WE ARE LOOKING AT 1843 01:11:44,920 --> 01:11:46,480 ALGORITHMIC FAIRNESS TO ENSURE 1844 01:11:46,480 --> 01:11:49,160 RACISM IS MINIMIZED. A COMMENT 1845 01:11:49,160 --> 01:11:50,880 THAT'S COME IN. ANOTHER 1846 01:11:50,880 --> 01:11:53,000 QUESTION, IS COULD YOU SPEAK TO 1847 01:11:53,000 --> 01:11:55,680 THE RESPONSES THAT YOU HAVE 1848 01:11:55,680 --> 01:11:58,400 HEARD BEING READ ABOUT FROM 1849 01:11:58,400 --> 01:11:59,520 PHYSICIANS NURS AND OTHERS IN 1850 01:11:59,520 --> 01:12:01,200 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION TO 1851 01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:05,120 ADDRESS RACISM IN THE HISTORY OF 1852 01:12:05,120 --> 01:12:05,600 MEDICINE? 1853 01:12:05,600 --> 01:12:07,200 >>I DON'T WANT TO SPEAK TO THIS 1854 01:12:07,200 --> 01:12:08,800 TOO MUCH, I'M IN THE A 1855 01:12:08,800 --> 01:12:10,280 CLINICIAN, NOT EVEN HISTORIAN OF 1856 01:12:10,280 --> 01:12:11,720 MEDICINE. I HAVE BEEN SORT OF 1857 01:12:11,720 --> 01:12:13,120 WORKING THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 1858 01:12:13,120 --> 01:12:14,480 BECAUSE OF MY WORK WITH THE 1859 01:12:14,480 --> 01:12:17,120 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIAT ASSOC. 1860 01:12:17,120 --> 01:12:18,280 AND QUITE FRANKLY, I SORT OF -- 1861 01:12:18,280 --> 01:12:19,320 THE PERSON IN THE ROOM, THE 1862 01:12:19,320 --> 01:12:20,560 DIGITAL ROOM, I'M WORKING WITH 1863 01:12:20,560 --> 01:12:23,080 THE AMA TEAM AND HEARING THEM 1864 01:12:23,080 --> 01:12:25,680 TALK ABOUT THE PUSH BACK THE AMA 1865 01:12:25,680 --> 01:12:30,400 HAS RECEIVED, DR. LISA 1866 01:12:30,400 --> 01:12:32,320 (INAUDIBLE) PRESIDENT I THINK OF 1867 01:12:32,320 --> 01:12:35,600 EQUITY HEALTH EQUITY AT THE AMA 1868 01:12:35,600 --> 01:12:37,640 HAS BEEN A PIONEER AND LEADER IN 1869 01:12:37,640 --> 01:12:40,160 REALLY PUSHING THE AMA TO 1870 01:12:40,160 --> 01:12:41,920 RECONCILE WITH ITS OWN HISTORY 1871 01:12:41,920 --> 01:12:44,320 OF RACISM AS WELL TO TALK ABOUT 1872 01:12:44,320 --> 01:12:46,480 WHAT EDUCATION LOOKS LIKE FOR 1873 01:12:46,480 --> 01:12:48,560 CLINICIANS, MOVING FORWARD AS WE 1874 01:12:48,560 --> 01:12:51,840 TRY TO CREATE NEW FUTURE OF 1875 01:12:51,840 --> 01:12:55,800 HEALTHCARE THAT IS EQUITABLE. I 1876 01:12:55,800 --> 01:12:57,000 HEAR THERE IS PUSH BACK, WITH 1877 01:12:57,000 --> 01:13:00,040 LOT OF PUSH BACK COMING FROM 1878 01:13:00,040 --> 01:13:02,640 CLINICIANS WHO ARE ABOUT NOT -- 1879 01:13:02,640 --> 01:13:07,680 THE MOVE OF USING RACE IN 1880 01:13:07,680 --> 01:13:10,360 DIAGNOSES AROUND PULSE -- 1881 01:13:10,360 --> 01:13:13,080 FORGETTING THE LANGUAGE, SORT OF 1882 01:13:13,080 --> 01:13:16,840 THINGS THAT TEST MEASURE ONE'S 1883 01:13:16,840 --> 01:13:18,960 OXYGEN WHICH WERE PULSE OX -- I 1884 01:13:18,960 --> 01:13:20,520 CAN'T PRONOUNCE IT RIGHT NOW, 1885 01:13:20,520 --> 01:13:21,240 SOMEONE ELSE WILL KNOW WHAT THEY 1886 01:13:21,240 --> 01:13:28,480 ARE. PUSH BACK USING RACE AS A 1887 01:13:28,480 --> 01:13:30,640 PARTICULAR SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF 1888 01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:32,200 HEALTH CREATING VULNERABILITY IN 1889 01:13:32,200 --> 01:13:33,240 TERMS OF HEALTH CONDITIONS. 1890 01:13:33,240 --> 01:13:35,880 THERE IS A PUSH BACK ON THAT. 1891 01:13:35,880 --> 01:13:39,720 THEN PUSH BACK ON THE IDEA THAT 1892 01:13:39,720 --> 01:13:43,920 RACISM IS NOT PRACTICE IN 1893 01:13:43,920 --> 01:13:45,000 HEALTHCARING MORE AND WHAT WE 1894 01:13:45,000 --> 01:13:46,880 THINK ABOUT RACISM IN MEDICINE 1895 01:13:46,880 --> 01:13:48,880 IS CERTAINLY AN ARTIFACT OF 1896 01:13:48,880 --> 01:13:51,440 HISTORY. THAT REALLY DOESN'T 1897 01:13:51,440 --> 01:13:54,480 COME TO BEAR ON HEALTHCARE IN 1898 01:13:54,480 --> 01:13:56,280 THE 21ST CENTURY AS MUCH AS 1899 01:13:56,280 --> 01:14:00,200 PEOPLE SAY THAT IT DOES. I WILL 1900 01:14:00,200 --> 01:14:01,320 STOP THERE BECAUSE AGAIN I AM 1901 01:14:01,320 --> 01:14:05,080 NOT A CLINICIAN. I DON'T STUDY 1902 01:14:05,080 --> 01:14:06,440 MEDICINE IN THAT WAY SO I DON'T 1903 01:14:06,440 --> 01:14:09,440 WANT TO SPEAK OUT OF TURN AND 1904 01:14:09,440 --> 01:14:10,680 SAY SOMETHING THAT MAYBE 1905 01:14:10,680 --> 01:14:14,320 INAPPROPRIATE OR INCORRECT. 1906 01:14:14,320 --> 01:14:16,240 >>WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE 1907 01:14:16,240 --> 01:14:17,360 QUESTION, ON THE HEELS OF WHAT 1908 01:14:17,360 --> 01:14:19,520 YOU SHARED, THE ECOSYSTEM, THAT 1909 01:14:19,520 --> 01:14:21,960 YOU JUST DESCRIBED, HAVE YOU 1910 01:14:21,960 --> 01:14:23,800 OBSERVED GENERATIONAL 1911 01:14:23,800 --> 01:14:25,920 DIFFERENCES IN APPROACHES TO 1912 01:14:25,920 --> 01:14:27,560 ADDRESSING RACISM AND MITIGATING 1913 01:14:27,560 --> 01:14:30,880 RACISM? 1914 01:14:30,880 --> 01:14:32,840 >>AGAIN, THIS IS COMING FROM 1915 01:14:32,840 --> 01:14:35,360 BEING OBSERVER OF WHAT IS 1916 01:14:35,360 --> 01:14:38,320 HAPPENING IN THE MEDICAL 1917 01:14:38,320 --> 01:14:39,680 EDUCATION WHERE I DO FEEL 1918 01:14:39,680 --> 01:14:40,720 COMFORTABLE SAYING THIS BECAUSE 1919 01:14:40,720 --> 01:14:44,840 I AM WORKING IN -- HELPING TO 1920 01:14:44,840 --> 01:14:48,040 EDUCATE DOCTORS AND NEW 1921 01:14:48,040 --> 01:14:49,240 CLINICIANS, EMERGING CLINICIANS, 1922 01:14:49,240 --> 01:14:54,280 IT IS A YOUNGER GENERATION, OF 1923 01:14:54,280 --> 01:14:55,400 DOCTORS PEOPLE WORKING IN THE 1924 01:14:55,400 --> 01:14:57,880 FIELD OF MEDICINE, EVEN IN 1925 01:14:57,880 --> 01:15:01,240 DIGITAL HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY 1926 01:15:01,240 --> 01:15:02,400 PUSHING FOR THESE CONVERSATIONS 1927 01:15:02,400 --> 01:15:06,800 AROUND INEQUITY. THIS IS NOT TO 1928 01:15:06,800 --> 01:15:09,440 CREATE THE OLD FOLKS ARE STUCK 1929 01:15:09,440 --> 01:15:11,800 IN THEIR WAYS. BUT I DO THINK 1930 01:15:11,800 --> 01:15:14,520 THAT NEWER GENERATION FEELS AS 1931 01:15:14,520 --> 01:15:18,920 THOUGH THEY NEED TO BE ABLE TO 1932 01:15:18,920 --> 01:15:21,240 TALK REALLY RAW TERMS EXPLICIT 1933 01:15:21,240 --> 01:15:23,520 TERMS ABOUT RACISM AND MEDICINE, 1934 01:15:23,520 --> 01:15:25,160 RACISM AND DIGITAL HEALTH AND 1935 01:15:25,160 --> 01:15:27,680 HEALTH EQUITY WITH A LOT OF 1936 01:15:27,680 --> 01:15:29,720 COMPLICATION AND A LOT OF 1937 01:15:29,720 --> 01:15:31,960 GUIDANCE FROM MORE EXPERIENCED 1938 01:15:31,960 --> 01:15:34,880 PEOPLE, BUT REALLY PUSHING THESE 1939 01:15:34,880 --> 01:15:36,640 CONVERSATIONS TO BE HAD AND 1940 01:15:36,640 --> 01:15:38,280 EDUCATION THAT ACTUALLY CAPTURES 1941 01:15:38,280 --> 01:15:41,160 THIS HISTORY. OF RACISM. AND 1942 01:15:41,160 --> 01:15:44,280 REALLY WOULD LIKE TO END ON A 1943 01:15:44,280 --> 01:15:45,680 CELEBRATORY NOTE OF THE NATIONAL 1944 01:15:45,680 --> 01:15:47,840 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. I DON'T 1945 01:15:47,840 --> 01:15:51,400 THINK YOU CAN HAVE A NEW MODEL 1946 01:15:51,400 --> 01:15:53,440 OF EDUCATION, RATHER HISTORY OF 1947 01:15:53,440 --> 01:15:54,880 RACISM AND MEDICINE WITHOUT 1948 01:15:54,880 --> 01:15:56,400 THESE DIGITAL COLLECTIONS. THEY 1949 01:15:56,400 --> 01:15:58,680 REMAIN IN ARCHIVES AND LARGELY 1950 01:15:58,680 --> 01:16:00,960 REMAIN INACCESSIBLE TO THE 1951 01:16:00,960 --> 01:16:03,600 PEOPLE, PEOPLE WHO CHOOSE TO NOT 1952 01:16:03,600 --> 01:16:05,000 RECONCILE WITH THIS HISTORY, 1953 01:16:05,000 --> 01:16:07,960 PEOPLE WHO CHOOSE TO NOT 1954 01:16:07,960 --> 01:16:08,840 UNDERSTAND THIS HISTORY AND 1955 01:16:08,840 --> 01:16:11,520 PEOPLE WHO WOULDN'T KNOW THESE 1956 01:16:11,520 --> 01:16:13,040 COLLECTIONS AND THESE DOCUMENTS 1957 01:16:13,040 --> 01:16:14,040 EXIST BECAUSE THEY DON'T HAVE 1958 01:16:14,040 --> 01:16:18,720 ACCESS TO THEM. DESPITE MY 1959 01:16:18,720 --> 01:16:21,000 CRITIQUE, HUE FOR YOUR TAKING IT 1960 01:16:21,000 --> 01:16:23,480 IN GOOD STEAD, THIS IS ABOUT 1961 01:16:23,480 --> 01:16:25,920 CREATING MORE ACCESSIBILITY, 1962 01:16:25,920 --> 01:16:27,520 MORE KNOWLEDGE, I THINK THAT THE 1963 01:16:27,520 --> 01:16:29,360 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND 1964 01:16:29,360 --> 01:16:31,320 ITS DIGITAL COLLECTIONS CONTINUE 1965 01:16:31,320 --> 01:16:34,320 TO BE INVALUABLE RESOURCE FOR 1966 01:16:34,320 --> 01:16:36,120 JUST TECH, JUST HEALTH TECH AND 1967 01:16:36,120 --> 01:16:37,360 HEALTH EQUITY. 1968 01:16:37,360 --> 01:16:41,680 >>THANK YOU. CERTAINLY YOU USE 1969 01:16:41,680 --> 01:16:43,360 THE PHRASE PUSHING THE 1970 01:16:43,360 --> 01:16:44,120 CONVERSATION AND YOUR 1971 01:16:44,120 --> 01:16:47,560 PRESENTATION HAS DONE THAT 1972 01:16:47,560 --> 01:16:49,000 BEAUTIFULLY IMPACTFULLY, 1973 01:16:49,000 --> 01:16:51,040 ELOQUENTLY, AND IMPORTANTLY. AND 1974 01:16:51,040 --> 01:16:53,120 I APPRECIATE YOUR ENDING ON A 1975 01:16:53,120 --> 01:16:57,280 POSITIVE NOTE, NONETHELESS THIS 1976 01:16:57,280 --> 01:17:00,440 IS AN IMPORTANT TIMELY CRITICAL 1977 01:17:00,440 --> 01:17:02,880 CONVERSATION TO HAVE IT IS A 1978 01:17:02,880 --> 01:17:04,000 PRIVILEGE TO WORK WITH YOU TO 1979 01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:05,560 BRING YOUR TALENT FORWARD IN 1980 01:17:05,560 --> 01:17:06,520 THIS PRESENTATION AS PART OF OUR 1981 01:17:06,520 --> 01:17:08,760 SERIES AND THE PARTNERSHIP WITH 1982 01:17:08,760 --> 01:17:10,120 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT OF THE 1983 01:17:10,120 --> 01:17:11,200 HUMANITIES. ON BEHALF OF 1984 01:17:11,200 --> 01:17:13,080 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, 1985 01:17:13,080 --> 01:17:14,800 THANK YOU FOR THE WORK YOU ARE 1986 01:17:14,800 --> 01:17:15,680 DOING, FOR THIS PRESENTATION FOR 1987 01:17:15,680 --> 01:17:18,320 TAKING THE TIME TO PREPARE IT. 1988 01:17:18,320 --> 01:17:19,440 AND TO WORK WITH US TO BE PART 1989 01:17:19,440 --> 01:17:21,040 OF OUR SERIES. SO THANK YOU 1990 01:17:21,040 --> 01:17:22,840 VERY MUCH, WISHING YOU ALL THE 1991 01:17:22,840 --> 01:17:24,480 BEST IN YOUR GONING VERY 1992 01:17:24,480 --> 01:17:25,360 IMPORTANT RESEARCH AND LOOK 1993 01:17:25,360 --> 01:17:26,120 FORWARD TO KEEPING IN TOUCH. 1994 01:17:26,120 --> 01:17:26,680 THANK YOU. 1995 01:17:26,680 --> 01:17:27,640 >>THANK YOU. THANK YOU VERY 1996 01:17:27,640 --> 01:17:37,760 MUCH.