1 00:00:05,338 --> 00:00:10,410 >> WELCOME TO THE 223rd NINDS 2 00:00:10,477 --> 00:00:10,777 COUNCIL MEETING. 3 00:00:10,844 --> 00:00:14,948 SO I JUST WANTED TO SAY A COUPLE 4 00:00:15,014 --> 00:00:15,181 THINGS. 5 00:00:15,248 --> 00:00:20,653 WE UNFORTUNATELY HAVE TO SAY 6 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:25,658 GOOD-BYE TO SOME FOLKS BUT MAYBE 7 00:00:25,725 --> 00:00:26,659 NOT. 8 00:00:26,726 --> 00:00:29,729 WE HAVE A COUPLE COUNCIL MEMBERS 9 00:00:29,796 --> 00:00:31,831 WHOSE TERMS WILL END AND HOPE 10 00:00:31,898 --> 00:00:34,067 HHS WILL APPROVE THE NEW SLATE. 11 00:00:34,134 --> 00:00:36,002 HOPE IN THAT INSTANCE IT'S 12 00:00:36,069 --> 00:00:49,048 USUALLY FUTILE AND THE FOLKS 13 00:00:49,115 --> 00:00:52,218 WHOSE TERMS ARE UP ARE EKEMINI 14 00:00:52,285 --> 00:00:55,522 REALLY AND TIM RYAN AND DAVID 15 00:00:55,588 --> 00:00:55,722 BRODY. 16 00:00:55,789 --> 00:00:59,926 YOU'VE ALL BEEN REALLY FANTASTIC 17 00:00:59,993 --> 00:01:03,897 CONTRIBUTORS TO NINDS. 18 00:01:03,963 --> 00:01:05,565 WE HAVE YOU ON SPEED DIAL AND 19 00:01:05,632 --> 00:01:09,936 WILL BE SURE TO CALL YOU AGAIN 20 00:01:10,003 --> 00:01:11,404 FOR THINGS WE APPRECIATE ALL THE 21 00:01:11,471 --> 00:01:13,540 TIME YOU'VE SPENT ON COUNCIL. 22 00:01:13,606 --> 00:01:16,042 THESE ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT 23 00:01:16,109 --> 00:01:16,309 MEETINGS. 24 00:01:16,376 --> 00:01:19,846 YOU ARE THE FEDERALLY APPROVED 25 00:01:19,913 --> 00:01:21,714 ADVISORS TO THE INSTITUTE AND WE 26 00:01:21,781 --> 00:01:25,618 HAVE REALLY VALUED YOUR ADVICE 27 00:01:25,685 --> 00:01:26,786 IN SERVICE. 28 00:01:26,853 --> 00:01:27,720 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 29 00:01:27,787 --> 00:01:29,589 NOW I'LL TURN IT OVER TO DAVE. 30 00:01:29,656 --> 00:01:30,490 >> THANKS, WALTER. 31 00:01:30,557 --> 00:01:35,328 I WANT TO ECHO THE THANKS AND 32 00:01:35,395 --> 00:01:37,730 YOU JUST WHEN YOU THOUGHT YOU 33 00:01:37,797 --> 00:01:39,499 GOT OUT WE PULL YOU BACK IN. 34 00:01:39,566 --> 00:01:42,502 I ALSO WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE OUR 35 00:01:42,569 --> 00:01:46,573 NEW ALMOST COUNCIL MEMBERS, DAN 36 00:01:46,639 --> 00:01:48,274 FLORIAN, BOB, FRANCES AND KATE. 37 00:01:48,341 --> 00:01:50,410 AS WALTER MENTIONED WE ARE GOING 38 00:01:50,477 --> 00:01:54,113 DOWN THE APPROVALS PATHWAY AS 39 00:01:54,180 --> 00:01:56,249 FAST WE CAN. 40 00:01:56,316 --> 00:01:57,650 UNFORTUNATELY, DAN WILL NOT BE 41 00:01:57,717 --> 00:02:00,820 JOINING US TODAY. 42 00:02:00,887 --> 00:02:02,255 SO I WANT TO REMIND EVERYONE 43 00:02:02,322 --> 00:02:02,822 WE'RE VIDEOCAST LIVE. 44 00:02:02,889 --> 00:02:07,460 SO THE WORLD CAN SEE US. 45 00:02:07,527 --> 00:02:09,362 THIS IS NOW A HYBRID MEETING SO 46 00:02:09,429 --> 00:02:11,831 THERE ARE PEOPLE BOTH IN THE 47 00:02:11,898 --> 00:02:13,099 ROOM WITH US AND ON THE ZOOM. 48 00:02:13,166 --> 00:02:16,135 SO WE WANT TO HAVE OUR CAMERAS 49 00:02:16,202 --> 00:02:17,070 ON AT BOTH TIMES. 50 00:02:17,136 --> 00:02:19,305 FOR THE COUNCIL MEMBERS, I WANT 51 00:02:19,372 --> 00:02:20,540 TO REMIND EVERYONE TO SAY LOGGED 52 00:02:20,607 --> 00:02:22,709 INTO THE ECB AS WE DID LAST 53 00:02:22,775 --> 00:02:22,942 TIME. 54 00:02:23,009 --> 00:02:25,245 I THINK WE PILOTED IT AND IT 55 00:02:25,311 --> 00:02:26,980 SEEMED TO WORK WELL. 56 00:02:27,046 --> 00:02:28,815 WE'LL BE DOING ALL THE VOTING 57 00:02:28,882 --> 00:02:37,090 VIA THE ECB OPPOSED TO THE ZOOM 58 00:02:37,156 --> 00:02:43,296 E 59 00:02:43,363 --> 00:02:43,463 ERA. 60 00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:46,032 >> FOR THOSE IN THE EVB THERE 61 00:02:46,099 --> 00:02:48,601 WILL BE A LITTLE BIT OF A LAG SO 62 00:02:48,668 --> 00:02:50,370 REFRESH THE SCREEN. 63 00:02:50,436 --> 00:02:51,304 I'LL GIVE YOU A HEADS UP WHEN 64 00:02:51,371 --> 00:02:53,940 IT'S TIME TO REFRESH AND WE'LL 65 00:02:54,007 --> 00:02:54,807 PROBABLY BE VOTING SOON. 66 00:02:54,874 --> 00:02:57,010 SO REFRESH YOUR ECB SCREEN AND 67 00:02:57,076 --> 00:02:59,445 MAKE SURE EVERYONE IS LOGGED IN 68 00:02:59,512 --> 00:03:01,881 AND YOU'LL GO TO THE VOTING TAB 69 00:03:01,948 --> 00:03:04,117 AND THAT'S WHERE WHEN IT GETS TO 70 00:03:04,183 --> 00:03:06,319 THAT I'LL WALK YOU THROUGH WHAT 71 00:03:06,386 --> 00:03:07,186 TO DO. 72 00:03:07,253 --> 00:03:09,689 >> AND TO REMIND FOLKS WHEN WE 73 00:03:09,756 --> 00:03:11,958 GET TO VOTING WHERE THERE ARE 74 00:03:12,025 --> 00:03:13,393 CONFLICTS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE 75 00:03:13,459 --> 00:03:14,594 TO VOTE IN CONFLICT SO THAT WILL 76 00:03:14,661 --> 00:03:17,096 TAKE CARE OF ITSELF. 77 00:03:17,163 --> 00:03:18,064 VERY GOOD. 78 00:03:18,131 --> 00:03:19,365 OUR FIRST ORDER OF BUSINESS IS 79 00:03:19,432 --> 00:03:23,036 CONSIDERATION OF THE FEBRUARY 14 80 00:03:23,102 --> 00:03:25,104 AND 15, 2024 COUNCIL MEETING 81 00:03:25,171 --> 00:03:29,509 MINUTES. 82 00:03:29,576 --> 00:03:30,443 EVERYONE, GO TO THE VOTING TAB 83 00:03:30,510 --> 00:03:34,013 IT SHOULD BE THE FIRST ONE THAT 84 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:36,883 POPS UP AND YOU'RE GOING TO 85 00:03:36,950 --> 00:03:38,952 CLICK ON WINTER 2024 MEETING 86 00:03:39,018 --> 00:03:42,188 MINUTES. 87 00:03:42,255 --> 00:03:45,291 THEN YOU'LL DO SAVE AND SUBMIT 88 00:03:45,358 --> 00:03:46,893 AFTER YOU CHECK YES OR NO. 89 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:52,265 NOBODY'S IN CONFLICT WITH THE 90 00:03:52,332 --> 00:03:52,899 MEETING MINUTES. 91 00:03:52,966 --> 00:04:03,509 WE DON'T NEED TO BANISH ANYBODY. 92 00:04:40,713 --> 00:04:42,782 WHILE WE'RE WAITING FOR THAT, 93 00:04:42,849 --> 00:04:44,250 I'M GOING TO MOVE ALONG. 94 00:04:44,317 --> 00:04:52,792 SO WE DO ALSO IN THE ECRB FUTURE 95 00:04:52,859 --> 00:04:55,061 COUNCIL DATES SO BLOCK THEM OFF 96 00:04:55,128 --> 00:04:58,398 TO MAKE SURE YOU CAN MAKE IT. 97 00:04:58,464 --> 00:05:01,100 IT'S AN FYI AND ACTION ITEM TO 98 00:05:01,167 --> 00:05:04,837 BE AVAILABLE TO JOIN US. 99 00:05:04,904 --> 00:05:05,104 OKAY. 100 00:05:05,171 --> 00:05:15,415 ARE WE VOTED? 101 00:05:27,427 --> 00:05:27,994 >> LET'S MOVE ON. 102 00:05:28,061 --> 00:05:30,463 >> THE NEXT ITEM IS TO GIVE A 103 00:05:30,530 --> 00:05:32,699 READ OUT OF OUR EXPEDITED REVIEW 104 00:05:32,765 --> 00:05:32,932 PROCESS. 105 00:05:32,999 --> 00:05:36,669 THIS IS WHERE WE HAVE A BUNDLE 106 00:05:36,736 --> 00:05:38,805 OF GRANTS THAT ARE BASICALLY IN 107 00:05:38,871 --> 00:05:40,206 THE PAY LINE, NO ADMINISTRATIVE 108 00:05:40,273 --> 00:05:42,942 ISSUE READY TO GO AND WHAT WE DO 109 00:05:43,009 --> 00:05:43,876 IS WE ASK THREE COUNCIL MEMBERS 110 00:05:43,943 --> 00:05:45,478 TO DO A VET OF THOSE TO MAKE 111 00:05:45,545 --> 00:05:46,512 SURE THEY LOOK GOOD. 112 00:05:46,579 --> 00:05:50,083 AND THIS TIME WE HAD TIM, AMY 113 00:05:50,149 --> 00:05:53,086 AND HE LOUISE DO THAT AND WANT 114 00:05:53,152 --> 00:05:56,756 TO THANK YOU FOR THAT AND IT 115 00:05:56,823 --> 00:06:00,793 HELPS GET GRANTS OUT THE DOOR AS 116 00:06:00,860 --> 00:06:04,097 FAST AS POSSIBLE AND THE WORK OF 117 00:06:04,163 --> 00:06:05,865 OUR GRANTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH LED 118 00:06:05,932 --> 00:06:08,334 BY SHELLY WILLBURN AND THE 119 00:06:08,401 --> 00:06:11,637 PROGRAM STAFF WHO LOOK AT THESE 120 00:06:11,704 --> 00:06:13,606 AND GET THEM READY TO GO AND 121 00:06:13,673 --> 00:06:15,608 IT'S AN EFFICIENT PROCESS AND 122 00:06:15,675 --> 00:06:16,375 GOOD TO GET THINGS OUT AS FAST 123 00:06:16,442 --> 00:06:17,577 AS WE CAN. 124 00:06:17,643 --> 00:06:20,213 OKAY. 125 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:20,513 VERY GOOD. 126 00:06:20,580 --> 00:06:23,015 THANKS TO ALL FOR THAT. 127 00:06:23,082 --> 00:06:24,884 THEN THE FINAL THING I HAVE TO 128 00:06:24,951 --> 00:06:27,286 KICK US OFF IS OUR EXTRAMURAL 129 00:06:27,353 --> 00:06:29,322 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF OUR STAFF AND I 130 00:06:29,388 --> 00:06:32,725 BELIEVE WE HAVE COMINGS, GOINGS, 131 00:06:32,792 --> 00:06:35,027 PROMOTIONS, ETCETERA AND THE 132 00:06:35,094 --> 00:06:36,162 BIOS OF THESE INDIVIDUALS IN THE 133 00:06:36,229 --> 00:06:37,463 COUNCIL BOOK BUT WE'LL PUT UP A 134 00:06:37,530 --> 00:06:47,640 SLIDE. 135 00:06:59,252 --> 00:07:00,286 THERE WE GO. 136 00:07:00,353 --> 00:07:01,854 WE WANT TO SHARE WITH EVERYONE 137 00:07:01,921 --> 00:07:04,824 WHERE WE STAND WITH THE SLIDE. 138 00:07:04,891 --> 00:07:06,159 AGAIN, TO THE BIOS ARE IN THE 139 00:07:06,225 --> 00:07:09,095 COUNCIL BOOKS AND TAKE A LOOK. 140 00:07:09,162 --> 00:07:11,063 AND WITH THAT I THINK, WALTER, 141 00:07:11,130 --> 00:07:12,799 WE'LL PASS IT BACK TO YOU. 142 00:07:12,865 --> 00:07:20,239 >> ALL RIGHT. 143 00:07:20,306 --> 00:07:25,378 SO THANK YOU. 144 00:07:25,444 --> 00:07:31,350 MAY I HAVE THE SLIDES? 145 00:07:31,417 --> 00:07:33,853 SO THIS IS MY CHANCE TO TALK TO 146 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:35,388 YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHAT'S 147 00:07:35,454 --> 00:07:37,723 GONE ON AT NINDS SINCE LAST WE 148 00:07:37,790 --> 00:07:38,024 MET. 149 00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:40,359 AND I THINK THE BIGGEST NEW 150 00:07:40,426 --> 00:07:42,929 THING IS WE ACTUALLY GOT A 151 00:07:42,995 --> 00:07:48,734 BUDGET SINCE LAST WE MET. 152 00:07:48,801 --> 00:07:49,735 SO, WE'RE GOING TO GO THROUGH 153 00:07:49,802 --> 00:07:51,904 WHAT THAT ENTAIL AND THE 154 00:07:51,971 --> 00:07:52,405 DETAILS, UNFORTUNATELY. 155 00:07:52,471 --> 00:07:54,207 ANY WAY, IT'S A PLEASURE TO TALK 156 00:07:54,273 --> 00:07:54,841 TO YOU TODAY. 157 00:07:54,907 --> 00:07:57,410 OUR INSTITUTE I THINK IS 158 00:07:57,476 --> 00:07:58,911 INCREDIBLY HEALTHY, GREAT STAFF 159 00:07:58,978 --> 00:08:03,416 AND GREAT PROJECTS, FUNDING 160 00:08:03,482 --> 00:08:04,283 GREAT SCIENCE AND JUST HATS OFF 161 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:07,119 TO ALL THE PEOPLE WHO WORK HERE 162 00:08:07,186 --> 00:08:09,856 SO DEDICATED AND HARD WORKING. 163 00:08:09,922 --> 00:08:13,125 TO THE UPDATES OF LEADERSHIP AT 164 00:08:13,192 --> 00:08:15,461 NIH THE BIGGEST NEWS IS THAT 165 00:08:15,528 --> 00:08:20,266 DR. JOSH GORDON IS STEPPING DOWN 166 00:08:20,333 --> 00:08:23,169 AS THE NIMH DIRECTOR RETURNING 167 00:08:23,236 --> 00:08:24,570 TO COLUMBIA TO BE THE SHARE OF 168 00:08:24,637 --> 00:08:29,108 DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AND 169 00:08:29,175 --> 00:08:34,747 DR. AVENEVOLI HAS BEEN DEPUTY 170 00:08:34,814 --> 00:08:35,715 DIRECTOR SINCE 2017. 171 00:08:35,781 --> 00:08:38,050 WE'LL MISS JOSH. 172 00:08:38,117 --> 00:08:40,753 HE WAS A STRONG NEUROSCIENTIST, 173 00:08:40,820 --> 00:08:43,689 STRONG IN TERMS OF CLINICAL 174 00:08:43,756 --> 00:08:43,990 PSYCHOLOGY. 175 00:08:44,056 --> 00:08:47,226 VERY PRODUCTIVE MEMBER OF THE 176 00:08:47,293 --> 00:08:52,331 I.C. DIRECTORS GROUP. 177 00:08:52,398 --> 00:08:53,633 SO, HE'LL BE SORELY MISSED. 178 00:08:53,699 --> 00:08:55,301 IF YOU KNOW OF PEOPLE YOU THINK 179 00:08:55,368 --> 00:08:56,669 WOULD BE GOOD FOR THE JOB LET ME 180 00:08:56,736 --> 00:08:58,237 KNOW BECAUSE WE NEED A GOOD 181 00:08:58,304 --> 00:09:00,706 PERSON TO COME IN. 182 00:09:00,773 --> 00:09:04,810 DR. KATHLEEN NEUZIL WAS SELECTED 183 00:09:04,877 --> 00:09:08,781 AS THE DIRECTOR OF THE FOGARTY 184 00:09:08,848 --> 00:09:10,283 DIRECTOR AND INTERNATIONAL 185 00:09:10,349 --> 00:09:10,549 RESEARCH. 186 00:09:10,616 --> 00:09:11,784 THE FOGARTY CENTER HAS BEEN 187 00:09:11,851 --> 00:09:13,753 IMPORTANT TO NINDS FOR ALL THE 188 00:09:13,819 --> 00:09:15,154 WORK WE DO IN GLOBAL HEALTH. 189 00:09:15,221 --> 00:09:16,622 WE GENERALLY RUN THINGS THROUGH 190 00:09:16,689 --> 00:09:17,523 THE FOGARTY. 191 00:09:17,590 --> 00:09:22,228 THEY HAVE CONTACTS AND A LONG 192 00:09:22,295 --> 00:09:24,130 HISTORY WORKING IN UNDER 193 00:09:24,196 --> 00:09:25,097 DEVELOPED COUNTRIES WHICH HAS 194 00:09:25,164 --> 00:09:29,235 REALLY HELPED US IN TERMS OF 195 00:09:29,302 --> 00:09:31,203 HAVING PROGRAMS THAT ARE 196 00:09:31,270 --> 00:09:32,872 EXECUTABLE IN THESE VERY 197 00:09:32,939 --> 00:09:33,906 DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS OFTEN 198 00:09:33,973 --> 00:09:34,106 TIMES. 199 00:09:34,173 --> 00:09:35,975 SO LOOKING FORWARD TO WORKING 200 00:09:36,042 --> 00:09:40,079 WITH KATHLEEN AS WE GO FORWARD. 201 00:09:40,146 --> 00:09:42,949 AND REALLY A PLEASURE TO SAY 202 00:09:43,015 --> 00:09:44,450 DR. MICHELLE JONES LONDON HERE 203 00:09:44,517 --> 00:09:46,919 AT THE TABLE BECAUSE SHE'S BEEN 204 00:09:46,986 --> 00:09:48,721 SELECTED AS THE FIRST ASSOCIATE 205 00:09:48,788 --> 00:09:51,524 DIRECTOR FOR NINDS PROGRAMS TO 206 00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:52,325 ENHANCE NEUROSCIENCE WORKFORCE. 207 00:09:52,391 --> 00:09:56,796 SO THIS IS A LEADERSHIP ROLE IN 208 00:09:56,862 --> 00:09:58,331 WHICH SHE WILL BE ADVANCING THE 209 00:09:58,397 --> 00:10:02,368 NIH MISSION THROUGH DEVELOPING 210 00:10:02,435 --> 00:10:04,103 INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE 211 00:10:04,170 --> 00:10:04,804 NEUROSCIENCE TRAINING AND 212 00:10:04,870 --> 00:10:07,106 PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY 213 00:10:07,173 --> 00:10:08,774 AND WORKING IN OUR INTRAMURAL 214 00:10:08,841 --> 00:10:09,442 RESEARCH PROGRAM. 215 00:10:09,508 --> 00:10:11,477 SHE'LL ALSO BE WORKING HARD WITH 216 00:10:11,544 --> 00:10:13,145 A NUMBER OF FOLKS IN THE OFFICE 217 00:10:13,212 --> 00:10:16,382 OF THE DIRECTOR TO PROMOTE A 218 00:10:16,449 --> 00:10:18,250 POSITIVE AND EQUITABLE WORKFORCE 219 00:10:18,317 --> 00:10:20,653 ENVIRONMENT AT NINDS AND DEVELOP 220 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,055 DATA-DRIVEN STRATEGIES TO 221 00:10:23,122 --> 00:10:24,523 STRENGTHEN THE NEUROSCIENCE 222 00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:25,958 RESEARCH PORTFOLIO BY BRINGING 223 00:10:26,025 --> 00:10:27,226 DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES TO THE 224 00:10:27,293 --> 00:10:29,762 SCIENTIFIC ENDEAVOR. 225 00:10:29,829 --> 00:10:30,396 SO WE'RE PLEASED. 226 00:10:30,463 --> 00:10:32,932 MICHELLE HAS BEEN A FANTASTIC 227 00:10:32,999 --> 00:10:34,033 CONTRIBUTOR TO THE NIH MISSION 228 00:10:34,100 --> 00:10:36,135 FOR MANY YEARS. 229 00:10:36,202 --> 00:10:38,637 WE LOOK FORWARD TO HER 230 00:10:38,704 --> 00:10:41,140 CONTRIBUTIONS AS ONE OF THE TOP 231 00:10:41,207 --> 00:10:42,608 FIVE LEADERS HERE AT NINDS. 232 00:10:42,675 --> 00:10:45,511 TOP FIVE IS A TERM THEY USE AT 233 00:10:45,578 --> 00:10:46,112 NINDS. 234 00:10:46,178 --> 00:10:48,914 THE FIVE DOESN'T ACTUALLY MEAN 235 00:10:48,981 --> 00:10:49,348 TEMPERATURE. 236 00:10:49,415 --> 00:10:50,316 SOMETIMES THERE'S FOUR. 237 00:10:50,383 --> 00:10:51,784 SOMETIMES THERE'S SIX BUT YOU 238 00:10:51,851 --> 00:10:52,485 GET THE IDEA. 239 00:10:52,551 --> 00:10:56,956 PLEASURE TO HAVE YOU AT THE 240 00:10:57,023 --> 00:10:58,090 TABLE. 241 00:10:58,157 --> 00:10:58,324 OKAY. 242 00:10:58,391 --> 00:11:00,726 NOW WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE BUDGET 243 00:11:00,793 --> 00:11:03,062 AND AS YOU KNOW I ALWAYS TRY AND 244 00:11:03,129 --> 00:11:06,665 BE VERY TRANSPARENT ABOUT HOW WE 245 00:11:06,732 --> 00:11:08,934 SPEND THE TAXPAYERS' FUNDS FOR 246 00:11:09,001 --> 00:11:09,535 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH. 247 00:11:09,602 --> 00:11:14,940 AND WHAT YOU SEE HERE IS THE 248 00:11:15,007 --> 00:11:18,044 TOTAL NINDS APPROPRIATION SINCE 249 00:11:18,110 --> 00:11:21,080 2020 THROUGH WHAT WAS ENACTED IN 250 00:11:21,147 --> 00:11:24,850 2024 AND WE ALSO SHOW YOU THE 251 00:11:24,917 --> 00:11:27,553 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET FOR 2025, 252 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:28,387 CAVEAT THERE BEING THE PRESIDENT 253 00:11:28,454 --> 00:11:32,558 DOESN'T SET THE BUDGET, THE 254 00:11:32,625 --> 00:11:33,692 CONGRESS SETS THE BUDGET SO IT'S 255 00:11:33,759 --> 00:11:36,162 NOT SOMETHING WE CAN COUNT ON 256 00:11:36,228 --> 00:11:37,396 BUT CLEARLY IS A SIGN THAT 257 00:11:37,463 --> 00:11:40,699 THERE'S AT LEAST AT THAT LEVEL 258 00:11:40,766 --> 00:11:45,871 THERE'S ENTHUSIASM FOR THE NIH 259 00:11:45,938 --> 00:11:47,873 INFRASTRUCTURE AND GRANTS AND 260 00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:48,107 SCIENCE. 261 00:11:48,174 --> 00:11:53,712 SO AS YOU CAN SEE, IN RED IN 262 00:11:53,779 --> 00:11:56,015 2024 NINDS HAD THE BUDGET 263 00:11:56,082 --> 00:11:57,883 REDUCED BY 4.4%. 264 00:11:57,950 --> 00:12:01,087 THIS IS IN CONTRAST TO WHAT YOU 265 00:12:01,153 --> 00:12:05,091 SAW SINCE 2016 WHICH WERE ANNUAL 266 00:12:05,157 --> 00:12:06,826 INCREASES IN THE BUDGET. 267 00:12:06,892 --> 00:12:09,662 SO THAT IS WHAT WE'RE GOING TO 268 00:12:09,728 --> 00:12:11,630 TALK ABOUT AND WHAT IT MEANS AND 269 00:12:11,697 --> 00:12:15,568 WHAT WE HAD TO DO TO TRY TO DO 270 00:12:15,634 --> 00:12:23,175 OUR BEST WITH THE LIMITED FUNDS. 271 00:12:23,242 --> 00:12:23,375 ROOM. 272 00:12:23,442 --> 00:12:25,544 SO ON THIS SLIDE WE'RE GOING TO 273 00:12:25,611 --> 00:12:28,247 TALK ABOUT WHAT WE CALL THE BASE 274 00:12:28,314 --> 00:12:30,349 BUDGET OF NINDS. 275 00:12:30,416 --> 00:12:33,419 AND THIS TERM WE USE FOR THE 276 00:12:33,486 --> 00:12:34,954 FUNDS THAT COME TO NINDS THAT 277 00:12:35,020 --> 00:12:36,722 CAN BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE. 278 00:12:36,789 --> 00:12:39,825 SO THESE ARE THE FUNDS THAT 279 00:12:39,892 --> 00:12:43,062 SUPPORT DISCOVERY, RO1 GRANTS, 280 00:12:43,129 --> 00:12:44,897 TRANSLATIONAL GRANTS, THE 281 00:12:44,964 --> 00:12:47,733 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT ARE NOT 282 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:49,268 TARGETING ANY PARTICULAR DISEASE 283 00:12:49,335 --> 00:12:49,802 OR ANY PARTICULAR SCIENCE 284 00:12:49,869 --> 00:12:55,474 PROGRAM. 285 00:12:55,541 --> 00:12:59,278 AND WHAT YOU CAN SEE IS THAT WE 286 00:12:59,345 --> 00:13:05,417 ARE FLAT IN '24 COMPARED TO '23. 287 00:13:05,484 --> 00:13:07,520 AND IN THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET WE 288 00:13:07,586 --> 00:13:08,787 ARE ALSO PRETTY MUCH FLAT. 289 00:13:08,854 --> 00:13:12,224 SO THE POINTS HERE IS THAT WE 290 00:13:12,291 --> 00:13:14,693 ARE DEALING WITH A BUDGET THAT 291 00:13:14,760 --> 00:13:17,096 DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR ANY 292 00:13:17,163 --> 00:13:18,697 INFLATIONARY INCREASES IN THE 293 00:13:18,764 --> 00:13:19,665 COST OF SCIENCE AND WE'LL SEE 294 00:13:19,732 --> 00:13:23,402 WHAT THE IMPACT OF THAT IS BUT 295 00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:25,104 THAT IS THE SITUATION. 296 00:13:25,171 --> 00:13:27,473 IN ADDITION, THE BUDGET DEAL 297 00:13:27,540 --> 00:13:28,374 THAT WAS MADE IN CONGRESS WHICH 298 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:35,247 IS REFLECTED HERE IN THE 299 00:13:35,314 --> 00:13:37,983 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET IS THE '25 300 00:13:38,050 --> 00:13:40,119 BUDGET WILL NOT BE SUBSTANTIALLY 301 00:13:40,186 --> 00:13:41,320 BETTER THAN THE '24 BUDGET. 302 00:13:41,387 --> 00:13:44,657 THE NUMBERS WE HAVE WE HAVE TO 303 00:13:44,723 --> 00:13:46,725 WORK WITH THEM '24 AND '25 THE 304 00:13:46,792 --> 00:13:51,096 CHANCE FOR A CHANGE WOULD COME 305 00:13:51,163 --> 00:13:52,364 LIKELY IN 2026 DEPENDING ON ALL 306 00:13:52,431 --> 00:13:59,238 SORTS OF ISSUES. 307 00:13:59,305 --> 00:14:01,774 THE FLAT BUDGET IN '24 IS WHAT 308 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:03,542 NIH GOT OVER ALL. 309 00:14:03,609 --> 00:14:05,411 THEN THE QUESTION -- AND I ALSO 310 00:14:05,477 --> 00:14:10,816 WANTED TO MENTION AND WE'LL SEE 311 00:14:10,883 --> 00:14:16,855 ON THE NEXT SLIDE THAT WE SEE 312 00:14:16,922 --> 00:14:20,059 NOT JUST THE BASE THE POT GROW 313 00:14:20,125 --> 00:14:21,794 WE JUST DISCUSSED BUT WE TALK 314 00:14:21,860 --> 00:14:25,331 ABOUT THE OTHER FUNDS THAT COME 315 00:14:25,397 --> 00:14:28,167 TO NINDS THAT ARE WHAT WE MIGHT 316 00:14:28,234 --> 00:14:29,101 CALL TARGETED FUNDS FOR 317 00:14:29,168 --> 00:14:30,803 PARTICULAR PROJECTS. 318 00:14:30,869 --> 00:14:31,804 AND THOSE ARE SUBSTANTIAL. 319 00:14:31,870 --> 00:14:35,174 IT WAS ALMOST A THIRD OF OUR 320 00:14:35,241 --> 00:14:38,110 BUDGET IN 2023. 321 00:14:38,177 --> 00:14:42,414 SO THE FIRST ONE TO NOTE IS THE 322 00:14:42,481 --> 00:14:42,982 BRAIN INITIATIVE. 323 00:14:43,048 --> 00:14:45,084 AND JOHN NGAI WILL TALK ABOUT 324 00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:45,884 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE LATER TODAY 325 00:14:45,951 --> 00:14:48,520 IN THE OPEN SESSION. 326 00:14:48,587 --> 00:14:51,323 BUT THE BRAIN INITIATIVE FUNDS 327 00:14:51,390 --> 00:14:58,130 IN 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 CAME 328 00:14:58,197 --> 00:15:00,733 IN TWO BUCKETS. 329 00:15:00,799 --> 00:15:02,635 BASE TO THE INSTITUTE IN THE 330 00:15:02,701 --> 00:15:03,269 APPROPRIATION AND THE SECOND 331 00:15:03,335 --> 00:15:06,005 WITH FUNDS THAT CAME FROM THE 332 00:15:06,071 --> 00:15:07,573 21st CURES ACT. 333 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:10,075 THOSE FUNDS WERE SET TO EXPIRE, 334 00:15:10,142 --> 00:15:11,744 ARE SET TO EXPIRE IN 2026. 335 00:15:11,810 --> 00:15:15,614 THAT WAS THE LAST YEAR WE GET 336 00:15:15,681 --> 00:15:18,183 THOSE CURES FUNDS BUT THE REALLY 337 00:15:18,250 --> 00:15:21,553 GOOD NEWS WAS THAT CONGRESS HAD 338 00:15:21,620 --> 00:15:23,188 APPROPRIATED BASE FUNDS FOR 339 00:15:23,255 --> 00:15:30,195 NINDS THROUGH THE POINT OF 340 00:15:30,262 --> 00:15:33,832 $182,890,000 AND WE WORKED UNDER 341 00:15:33,899 --> 00:15:35,401 THE ASSUMPTION WE'D BE ABLE TO 342 00:15:35,467 --> 00:15:38,504 USE THE BASE FUNDS AND MADE A 343 00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:39,171 COMMITMENT WITH THE OTHER 344 00:15:39,238 --> 00:15:40,306 NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTES WE'D 345 00:15:40,372 --> 00:15:41,473 CONTINUE THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 346 00:15:41,540 --> 00:15:42,574 WORK OUT PAST 2026 USING THE 347 00:15:42,641 --> 00:15:45,978 BASE FUNDS. 348 00:15:46,045 --> 00:15:49,081 THE PROBLEM CAME IN 2023 WHEN 349 00:15:49,148 --> 00:15:50,316 THERE WAS A BIG INCREASE IN THE 350 00:15:50,382 --> 00:15:51,383 CURES ACT FUNDS. 351 00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:54,953 THEY WENT FROM AS YOU CAN SEE 352 00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:58,290 FROM $76 MILLION TO $225 MILLION 353 00:15:58,357 --> 00:15:59,058 IN 2023. 354 00:15:59,124 --> 00:16:02,895 AND THE DECISIONS WERE MADE THAT 355 00:16:02,961 --> 00:16:05,764 WE WOULD ACCEPT THE CURES MONEY 356 00:16:05,831 --> 00:16:07,099 BUT THEY WOULD REDUCE THE BASE 357 00:16:07,166 --> 00:16:09,868 MONEY TO THE INSTITUTES IN 2023 358 00:16:09,935 --> 00:16:12,604 BUT THE EXPECTATION THE BASE 359 00:16:12,671 --> 00:16:14,606 FUNDS WOULD THEN BE MANY 360 00:16:14,673 --> 00:16:16,442 RESTORED IN 2024. 361 00:16:16,508 --> 00:16:19,278 THAT WAS THE PLAN GOING INTO 362 00:16:19,345 --> 00:16:19,712 2023. 363 00:16:19,778 --> 00:16:22,715 WE WEREN'T HAPPY WITH IT BUT WE 364 00:16:22,781 --> 00:16:24,650 DIDN'T HAVE TOO MUCH CHOICE AND 365 00:16:24,717 --> 00:16:26,952 THEN WHAT HAPPENED IN 2024 IS 366 00:16:27,019 --> 00:16:34,360 THAT THOSE BASE FUNDS WERE NOT 367 00:16:34,426 --> 00:16:34,626 RESTORED. 368 00:16:34,693 --> 00:16:38,731 SO THE BASE FUNDS FOR BRAIN 369 00:16:38,797 --> 00:16:41,300 REFLECT THE DECREASE WE SAW IN 370 00:16:41,367 --> 00:16:44,970 2023 AND IN 2024 THE AMOUNT OF 371 00:16:45,037 --> 00:16:47,139 CURES MONEY DROPPED FROM $225 372 00:16:47,206 --> 00:16:49,375 MILLION TO $86 MILLION AND 373 00:16:49,441 --> 00:16:54,680 THAT'S WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR THE 374 00:16:54,747 --> 00:16:57,449 4.4% DROP IN BUDGET. 375 00:16:57,516 --> 00:16:59,718 NIMH HAD A SIMILAR ISSUE EXCEPT 376 00:16:59,785 --> 00:17:02,921 WE SEE THE $100 MILLION INCREASE 377 00:17:02,988 --> 00:17:05,391 TO THE BASE BUDGET SO THEIR DROP 378 00:17:05,457 --> 00:17:07,025 IN BRAIN -- THEY ACTUALLY WILL 379 00:17:07,092 --> 00:17:08,927 BE ABLE TO PUT SOME MONEY INTO 380 00:17:08,994 --> 00:17:13,966 BRAIN FROM THEIR BASE BUDGET. 381 00:17:14,032 --> 00:17:17,503 SO THAT'S WHERE THE DECREASE IN 382 00:17:17,569 --> 00:17:19,071 THE BUDGET WAS FELT PRIMARILY IN 383 00:17:19,138 --> 00:17:20,506 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 384 00:17:20,572 --> 00:17:22,074 THE BASE BUDGET IS FLAT. 385 00:17:22,141 --> 00:17:23,809 WE'LL TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE 386 00:17:23,876 --> 00:17:28,447 ABOUT THE FLAT BASE BUDGET AND 387 00:17:28,514 --> 00:17:30,048 JOHN WILL TALK TO YOU A LITTLE 388 00:17:30,115 --> 00:17:31,316 BIT -- WELL, A LOT ABOUT WHAT HE 389 00:17:31,383 --> 00:17:34,253 AND HIS TEAM HAVE TO DO TO 390 00:17:34,319 --> 00:17:35,487 RECONCILE THEIR MISSION WITH THE 391 00:17:35,554 --> 00:17:38,090 DECREASE IN FUNDING THAT THEY 392 00:17:38,157 --> 00:17:38,524 HAVE. 393 00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:40,492 OF COURSE THE MOST IMPORTANT 394 00:17:40,559 --> 00:17:42,895 THING FOR US IS LOOKING FORWARD 395 00:17:42,961 --> 00:17:45,898 IS TO HAVE THAT BASE RESTORED SO 396 00:17:45,964 --> 00:17:48,100 WE CAN CONTINUE WITH THE BRAIN 397 00:17:48,167 --> 00:17:50,836 INITIATIVE AND THE AMAZING THING 398 00:17:50,903 --> 00:17:53,005 TOOLS AND SCIENCE THAT HAVE COME 399 00:17:53,071 --> 00:17:58,677 FROM IT THAT HAVE CHANGED AND 400 00:17:58,744 --> 00:18:02,948 HAD AN AMAZING AND IN 2026 IS 401 00:18:03,015 --> 00:18:04,116 WHEN WE MIGHT HAVE A CHANCE TO 402 00:18:04,183 --> 00:18:14,560 TRY AND DO THAT AGAIN. 403 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:16,061 DOES ANYBODY HAVE ANY QUESTIONS 404 00:18:16,128 --> 00:18:26,505 ABOUT THAT PART OF IT. 405 00:18:29,608 --> 00:18:30,476 >>Reporter: AND IT'S A TOTAL OF 406 00:18:32,144 --> 00:18:35,781 >> IT'S A TOTAL OF ABOUT $85 407 00:18:35,848 --> 00:18:41,119 MILLION BUT WHEN ABRD WAS FIRST 408 00:18:41,186 --> 00:18:43,088 APPROPRIATED BY CONGRESS MOST 409 00:18:43,155 --> 00:18:45,624 WENT TO THE AGING INSTITUTE AND 410 00:18:45,691 --> 00:18:49,194 WE'VE BEEN MANAGING 10% OF THOSE 411 00:18:49,261 --> 00:18:51,063 FUNDS SO EACH YEAR WE MANAGE 412 00:18:51,129 --> 00:18:56,134 ABOUT $360 MILLION OF AD/ADRD 413 00:18:56,201 --> 00:18:57,336 FUNDS AND $85 MILLION IN THE 414 00:18:57,402 --> 00:18:59,238 BASE AND THE REST FROM FUNDS 415 00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:02,808 FROM NIA WE THEN MANAGE. 416 00:19:02,875 --> 00:19:05,677 SO, YES. 417 00:19:05,744 --> 00:19:09,815 USE YOUR MIC. 418 00:19:09,882 --> 00:19:12,885 >> QUICK INTERIM QUESTION WHICH 419 00:19:12,951 --> 00:19:15,754 IS THE FY25 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET 420 00:19:15,821 --> 00:19:16,955 COLUMN SHOWS THE BRAIN BASE 421 00:19:17,022 --> 00:19:19,091 GOING UP AND EVERYTHING ELSE NOT 422 00:19:19,157 --> 00:19:19,525 SO MUCH. 423 00:19:19,591 --> 00:19:22,361 IS IT OPTIMISTIC TO THINK THAT 424 00:19:22,427 --> 00:19:23,161 MAY BE POSSIBLE? 425 00:19:23,228 --> 00:19:24,496 MAYBE WE'LL HEAR FROM JOHN ABOUT 426 00:19:24,563 --> 00:19:25,063 THAT. 427 00:19:25,130 --> 00:19:26,865 >> MOST PEOPLE ARE NOT 428 00:19:26,932 --> 00:19:29,668 OPTIMISTIC THAT'S GOING TO 429 00:19:29,735 --> 00:19:31,169 HAPPEN BECAUSE THE BUDGET OVER 430 00:19:31,236 --> 00:19:34,473 ALL HAS TO STAY FLAT SO IF IT 431 00:19:34,540 --> 00:19:36,141 INCREASES TO US, IT WOULD HAVE 432 00:19:36,208 --> 00:19:38,477 TO DECREASE ANOTHER INSTITUTE. 433 00:19:38,544 --> 00:19:40,646 SO IT SEEMS UNLIKELY FROM WHAT 434 00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:41,713 WE HEARD. 435 00:19:41,780 --> 00:19:44,182 WE CAN ALWAYS GET LUCKY BUT 436 00:19:44,249 --> 00:19:45,150 THAT'S WHAT WE HEARD SO FAR. 437 00:19:45,217 --> 00:19:48,120 SO I THINK WE HAVE TO PREPARE 438 00:19:48,186 --> 00:19:51,089 FOR 2026 TO TRY AND MOVE THE 439 00:19:51,156 --> 00:19:52,758 SCIENCE AS BEST WE CAN UNTIL 440 00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:53,592 2026. 441 00:19:53,659 --> 00:19:59,731 JOHN WILL TELL YOU THAT HE HAS 442 00:19:59,798 --> 00:20:00,933 HE AND THE REST HAVE BEEN 443 00:20:00,999 --> 00:20:02,834 TALKING ABOUT THIS FOR A WHILE 444 00:20:02,901 --> 00:20:05,437 SO THERE WAS A PLAN, WASN'T WHAT 445 00:20:05,504 --> 00:20:07,639 WE LIKE, BUT THERE WAS A PLAN TO 446 00:20:07,706 --> 00:20:10,142 EVEN THINGS OUT AND HE HAS THE 447 00:20:10,208 --> 00:20:11,310 ABILITY WHICH WE DON'T HAVE 448 00:20:11,376 --> 00:20:13,445 WHICH IS THE CURES MONEY DOES 449 00:20:13,512 --> 00:20:15,847 NOT HAVE TO BE SPENT EVERY YEAR, 450 00:20:15,914 --> 00:20:17,015 IF NOT SPENT IT HAS TO BE 451 00:20:17,082 --> 00:20:18,784 RETURNED SO THEY'RE ABLE TO 452 00:20:18,850 --> 00:20:20,185 CARRY OVER FUNDS TO SMOOTH OUT 453 00:20:20,252 --> 00:20:23,155 THE UPS AND DOWNS OF THE CURES 454 00:20:23,221 --> 00:20:24,122 FUNDING SO HE'LL TALK TO YOU 455 00:20:24,189 --> 00:20:34,466 MORE ABOUT THAT. 456 00:20:36,101 --> 00:20:42,507 THE OTHER FUNDS WERE FOR THE 457 00:20:42,574 --> 00:20:44,776 UNDIAGNOSED NETWORK AND THE 458 00:20:44,843 --> 00:20:47,980 UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE NETWORK DOES 459 00:20:48,046 --> 00:20:50,048 HAVE A COMPONENT OF FUNDS THAT 460 00:20:50,115 --> 00:20:52,651 COME FROM OTHER INSTITUTES 461 00:20:52,718 --> 00:20:58,090 INTERESTED IN THE UNDIAGNOSED 462 00:20:58,156 --> 00:21:01,426 DISEASE NETWORK SOME WHERE 463 00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:03,495 AROUND $3.5 MILLION COMES FROM 464 00:21:03,562 --> 00:21:07,332 OTHER INSTITUTES AND THE OFFICE 465 00:21:07,399 --> 00:21:08,133 OF THE DIRECTOR TOLD US THEY'D 466 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:10,335 HELP US MAKE UP THE DIFFERENCE 467 00:21:10,402 --> 00:21:11,903 BUT CAN ONLY HELP THIS YEAR NOT 468 00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:13,972 NEXT YEAR. 469 00:21:14,039 --> 00:21:18,110 THERE MAY BE ANOTHER $15 MILLION 470 00:21:18,176 --> 00:21:20,979 OR SO DOWN NEXT YEAR IF THAT 471 00:21:21,046 --> 00:21:21,980 APPROPRIATION ISN'T INCREASED 472 00:21:22,047 --> 00:21:27,686 FOR THE UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE 473 00:21:27,753 --> 00:21:30,455 NETWORK. 474 00:21:30,522 --> 00:21:32,090 THEN WE HAVE $75 MILLION THAT 475 00:21:32,157 --> 00:21:34,459 CAME TO US UNDER THE ACT FOR 476 00:21:34,526 --> 00:21:34,860 ALS. 477 00:21:34,926 --> 00:21:36,128 THAT COMES TO THE OFFICE OF THE 478 00:21:36,194 --> 00:21:41,033 DIRECTOR AND THEN WE MANAGE THE 479 00:21:41,099 --> 00:21:41,233 FUNDS. 480 00:21:41,299 --> 00:21:44,936 THAT PROGRAM IS STIPULATED THAT 481 00:21:45,003 --> 00:21:46,571 EXPANDED ACCESS GRANTS RECEIVE 482 00:21:46,638 --> 00:21:49,241 THE TOP PRIORITY. 483 00:21:49,307 --> 00:21:50,976 THESE ARE GRANTS THAT ALLOW 484 00:21:51,043 --> 00:21:52,711 PEOPLE WHO HAVE ALS AND NOT 485 00:21:52,778 --> 00:21:56,481 ELIGIBLE FOR CLINICAL TRIALS TO 486 00:21:56,548 --> 00:21:57,582 RECEIVE INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS 487 00:21:57,649 --> 00:22:02,954 BEING TESTED IN THE PHASE III 488 00:22:03,021 --> 00:22:03,488 TRIALS BY SMALL BUSINESS 489 00:22:03,555 --> 00:22:13,031 COMPANY. 490 00:22:13,098 --> 00:22:16,068 I THINK ONE'S COMING TO COUNCIL 491 00:22:16,134 --> 00:22:17,335 TODAY AND AFTER WE WERE TOLD 492 00:22:17,402 --> 00:22:23,241 THEY COULD BE USED FOR THE 493 00:22:23,308 --> 00:22:27,913 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND 494 00:22:27,979 --> 00:22:30,949 THERE'S AMAZING STUFF WITH 495 00:22:31,016 --> 00:22:32,951 PARTNERSHIP WITH INDUSTRY AND 496 00:22:33,018 --> 00:22:34,686 NONPROFITS AND WE DEVELOPED A 497 00:22:34,753 --> 00:22:36,154 CONSORTIUM OF ALS SITES ACROSS 498 00:22:36,221 --> 00:22:40,759 THE COUNTRY TO COLLECT DATA FROM 499 00:22:40,826 --> 00:22:41,860 PATIENTS AND SAMPLES AND THE 500 00:22:41,927 --> 00:22:43,929 WHOLE IDEA IS TO ENHANCE 501 00:22:43,995 --> 00:22:45,964 DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKERS THAT 502 00:22:46,031 --> 00:22:47,666 CAN BE USED IN TESTING NEW 503 00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:50,202 THERAPIES AND FINDING TARGETS 504 00:22:50,268 --> 00:22:55,207 THAT MIGHT BE ACCESSIBLE FOR NEW 505 00:22:55,273 --> 00:23:00,712 TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT. 506 00:23:00,779 --> 00:23:02,080 THE ALS PUBLIC-PRIVATE 507 00:23:02,147 --> 00:23:03,515 PARTNERSHIP ALSO HAS HEAVY 508 00:23:03,582 --> 00:23:04,716 INTERACTION WITH THE FDA AND 509 00:23:04,783 --> 00:23:06,418 THROUGH THE CRITICAL PANEL 510 00:23:06,485 --> 00:23:09,988 NETWORK HAVE A DATA SYSTEM THAT 511 00:23:10,055 --> 00:23:12,524 BRINGS DATA IN THAT INFORMS 512 00:23:12,591 --> 00:23:14,593 REGULATORY PROCESSES IN ALS. 513 00:23:14,659 --> 00:23:15,894 IT'S AN EXCITING PROGRAM THAT 514 00:23:15,961 --> 00:23:16,528 APPROPRIATION HAS ALLOWED US TO 515 00:23:16,595 --> 00:23:25,070 DO. 516 00:23:25,137 --> 00:23:26,037 SO THAT'S THE FUNDING. 517 00:23:26,104 --> 00:23:27,372 THOSE ARE THE FUNDS WE HAVE TO 518 00:23:27,439 --> 00:23:28,673 WORK WITH. 519 00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:29,608 I WANT TO TALK TO YOU A LITTLE 520 00:23:29,674 --> 00:23:32,244 BIT ABOUT WHERE THE FUNDS ARE 521 00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:32,444 GOING. 522 00:23:32,511 --> 00:23:37,082 SO THE MAJORITY OF OUR FUNDS GO 523 00:23:37,149 --> 00:23:38,416 TO COMMITMENTS WE'VE ALREADY 524 00:23:38,483 --> 00:23:38,683 MADE. 525 00:23:38,750 --> 00:23:43,255 SO NON COMPETING RPG GRANTS. 526 00:23:43,321 --> 00:23:47,692 WE'RE HEAVILY INVESTED IN 527 00:23:47,759 --> 00:23:48,760 DISCOVERY SCIENCE AND SUPPORTING 528 00:23:48,827 --> 00:23:53,498 THE RPG COMPONENT OF OUR 529 00:23:53,565 --> 00:23:53,832 PORTFOLIO. 530 00:23:53,899 --> 00:23:55,801 BUT WHEN WE FUND A GRANT WE 531 00:23:55,867 --> 00:23:57,235 USUALLY FUND THEM FOUR OR FIVE 532 00:23:57,302 --> 00:23:57,502 YEARS. 533 00:23:57,569 --> 00:23:59,805 SO MOST THE MONEY IS THEREFORE 534 00:23:59,871 --> 00:24:01,973 OUTSIDE AND COMMITTED TO 535 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:03,475 RESEARCH THAT'S BEEN PREVIOUSLY 536 00:24:03,542 --> 00:24:03,742 APPROVED. 537 00:24:03,809 --> 00:24:06,144 THEN WE HAVE THE RPG COMPETING 538 00:24:06,211 --> 00:24:09,247 POOL YOU CAN SEE HERE WHICH IS 539 00:24:09,314 --> 00:24:10,982 17.5% AND THOSE ARE THE FUNDS 540 00:24:11,049 --> 00:24:13,418 THAT YOU'LL BE SEEING ASSOCIATED 541 00:24:13,485 --> 00:24:14,953 WITH THE GRANTS COMING BEFORE 542 00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:16,054 YOU TODAY. 543 00:24:16,121 --> 00:24:19,858 WE ALSO HAVE THE MANDATORY SPIR, 544 00:24:19,925 --> 00:24:21,993 STTR PROGRAM WHICH IS ABOUT 3.8% 545 00:24:22,060 --> 00:24:23,261 OF THE BUDGET. 546 00:24:23,328 --> 00:24:27,866 WE HAVE A COUPLE OF CENTER 547 00:24:27,933 --> 00:24:28,133 PROJECTS. 548 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:29,768 WE INVEST HEAVILY IN CAREER 549 00:24:29,835 --> 00:24:30,969 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AND A 550 00:24:31,036 --> 00:24:32,237 COUPLE CONTRACTS. 551 00:24:32,304 --> 00:24:34,139 THAT'S REALLY WHAT THE PIE CHART 552 00:24:34,206 --> 00:24:34,840 LOOKS LIKE. 553 00:24:34,906 --> 00:24:36,508 WE'LL SEE A LITTLE BIT MORE OF A 554 00:24:36,575 --> 00:24:37,976 BREAK DOWN IN A SECOND. 555 00:24:38,043 --> 00:24:41,379 BUT THE POINT ON THE RIGHT SIDE 556 00:24:41,446 --> 00:24:44,115 OF THE SCREEN SHOWS THE INCREASE 557 00:24:44,182 --> 00:24:47,586 IN THE COST TO PAY THE 558 00:24:47,652 --> 00:24:49,087 NON-COMPETING COMMITMENTS FOR 559 00:24:49,154 --> 00:24:50,989 GRANTS THAT ARE ALREADY BEEN 560 00:24:51,056 --> 00:24:53,091 APPROVED AND OUT THERE. 561 00:24:53,158 --> 00:24:55,627 SO THAT'S THAT DARK GREEN BAR. 562 00:24:55,694 --> 00:24:58,330 YOU CAN SEE THEY INCREASE 563 00:24:58,396 --> 00:25:01,099 SUBSTANTIALLY FROM '23 TO '24. 564 00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:04,369 NOT ONLY DO WE GET AN INCREASE 565 00:25:04,436 --> 00:25:05,604 BUT OUR MORTGAGE IS UP HIGHER 566 00:25:05,670 --> 00:25:07,939 THAN IT WAS BEFORE IN TERMS OF 567 00:25:08,006 --> 00:25:09,374 PAYING THINGS THAT ARE ALREADY 568 00:25:09,441 --> 00:25:09,674 COMMITTED. 569 00:25:09,741 --> 00:25:12,344 AND WE'RE GOING TO TRY TO HOLD 570 00:25:12,410 --> 00:25:15,413 THAT LINE SO '24 TO '25 YOU 571 00:25:15,480 --> 00:25:17,249 CAN'T REALLY ACCEPT MUCH OF AN 572 00:25:17,315 --> 00:25:18,917 INCREASE IN THE NON-COMPETINGS 573 00:25:18,984 --> 00:25:20,952 AND SO WE HAD TO DO SOMETHING 574 00:25:21,019 --> 00:25:23,221 WHICH WE'LL TALK ABOUT TO MAKE 575 00:25:23,288 --> 00:25:23,521 THAT HAPPEN. 576 00:25:23,588 --> 00:25:25,857 OKAY. 577 00:25:25,924 --> 00:25:28,026 SO AGAIN, THIS IS A LITTLE BIT 578 00:25:28,093 --> 00:25:30,795 OF A SIMILAR BUT MAYBE MORE 579 00:25:30,862 --> 00:25:33,398 DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF WHERE OUR 580 00:25:33,465 --> 00:25:35,133 '23 GRANTS WENT TO. 581 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:40,105 SO THE DARK BLUE ARE THE RO1s 582 00:25:40,171 --> 00:25:41,172 AND THAT'S THE SIGNATURE COIN OF 583 00:25:41,239 --> 00:25:46,044 THE REALM FOR NINDS. 584 00:25:46,111 --> 00:25:48,280 >> I HAVE A QUESTION WITH THE 585 00:25:48,346 --> 00:25:49,080 LAST SLIDE. 586 00:25:49,147 --> 00:25:51,182 THE ONE BEFORE. 587 00:25:51,249 --> 00:25:52,651 NOT THE VERY LAST SLIDE, THE 588 00:25:52,717 --> 00:25:59,591 SLIDE BEFORE LAST. 589 00:25:59,658 --> 00:26:01,626 IF YOU CAN'T GO BACKWARDS I CAN 590 00:26:01,693 --> 00:26:06,498 CRAFT THE QUESTION. 591 00:26:06,564 --> 00:26:10,635 IT WAS THE GREEN BARS -- ONE 592 00:26:10,702 --> 00:26:11,803 MORE. 593 00:26:11,870 --> 00:26:13,371 I'M TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHY THE 594 00:26:13,438 --> 00:26:17,042 GREEN BAR IS A FRACTION OF THE 595 00:26:17,108 --> 00:26:17,909 BUDGET. 596 00:26:17,976 --> 00:26:19,110 WHY WOULD IT INCREASE? 597 00:26:19,177 --> 00:26:21,413 THE PAY LINE REALLY HASN'T 598 00:26:21,479 --> 00:26:22,480 INCREASED OR GONE UP THE LAST 599 00:26:22,547 --> 00:26:23,682 SEVERAL YEARS. 600 00:26:23,748 --> 00:26:27,185 SO THE NUMBER OF GRANTS 601 00:26:27,252 --> 00:26:28,586 COMMITTED HASN'T BEEN CHANGING 602 00:26:28,653 --> 00:26:32,824 AT ALL AND THE AMOUNT OF 603 00:26:32,891 --> 00:26:33,858 MONEY -- IS IT BECAUSE THE 604 00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:35,760 AMOUNT OF MONEY BEING ASKED FOR 605 00:26:35,827 --> 00:26:37,362 IN THE GRANTS KEEPS GOING UP? 606 00:26:37,429 --> 00:26:41,066 >> HOLD ON TO YOUR HORSES. 607 00:26:41,132 --> 00:26:43,368 >> AND KATE HAD A QUESTION. 608 00:26:43,435 --> 00:26:49,174 >> OKAY. 609 00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:53,078 BEFORE WE GET THERE HERE'S THE 610 00:26:53,144 --> 00:27:01,820 MONEY DISTRIBUTED TO ROV -- 611 00:27:01,886 --> 00:27:05,290 RO1s IN THE DARK BLUE. 612 00:27:05,357 --> 00:27:12,497 THE ROE 1 EQUIVALENTS AND THE 613 00:27:12,564 --> 00:27:20,372 R35s ARE FOR FOLKS WHO ARE RO1s 614 00:27:20,438 --> 00:27:22,974 AND CAN'T SUBMIT ANOTHER RO1, SO 615 00:27:23,041 --> 00:27:25,076 IN FACT THEY'RE PEOPLE WHO WOULD 616 00:27:25,143 --> 00:27:28,279 ALMOST 100% LIKELY TO GET AN RO1 617 00:27:28,346 --> 00:27:30,148 BUT PULLED OUT OF THAT POOL. 618 00:27:30,215 --> 00:27:31,916 THAT AMOUNTS TO JUST A LITTLE 619 00:27:31,983 --> 00:27:36,788 UNDER A PERCENTILE POINT ON THE 620 00:27:36,855 --> 00:27:37,055 PAY LINE. 621 00:27:37,122 --> 00:27:41,126 THEN YOU CAN SEE THE FUNDING 622 00:27:41,192 --> 00:27:42,927 THAT WE HAVE IN THE DARK GREEN 623 00:27:42,994 --> 00:27:46,498 IS A NETWORK CLINICAL TRIALS AND 624 00:27:46,564 --> 00:27:49,267 THEN THE LIGHTER GREEN IS THE 625 00:27:49,334 --> 00:27:52,837 NON-NETWORK CLINICAL TRIALS AND 626 00:27:52,904 --> 00:27:55,640 OTHER CLINICAL RESEARCH IN THE 627 00:27:55,707 --> 00:27:56,007 LIGHTER GREEN. 628 00:27:56,074 --> 00:27:59,144 SO YOU CAN SEE THE CLINICAL 629 00:27:59,210 --> 00:28:00,779 TRIALS TROPICAL STORM IT WILL 630 00:28:00,845 --> 00:28:01,579 NOT A LARGE PROPORTION OF OUR 631 00:28:01,646 --> 00:28:08,953 PROGRAM. 632 00:28:09,020 --> 00:28:12,624 NOW, WE GET BACK TO TIM'S 633 00:28:12,690 --> 00:28:15,560 QUESTION. 634 00:28:15,627 --> 00:28:17,495 SO, IF WE LOOK WHAT THIS GRAPH 635 00:28:17,562 --> 00:28:18,696 SHOWS YOU IS HOW MUCH MONEY 636 00:28:18,763 --> 00:28:20,532 WOULD IT TAKE TO INCREASE THE 637 00:28:20,598 --> 00:28:22,834 PAY LINE BY 1 PERCENTILE? 638 00:28:22,901 --> 00:28:26,971 SO RIGHT NOW WE'RE IN THE 11 639 00:28:27,038 --> 00:28:29,240 PERCENTILE AND HOPE TO NEVER GO 640 00:28:29,307 --> 00:28:30,675 BELOW 14 PUT WERE PUSHED TO DO 641 00:28:30,742 --> 00:28:32,544 THAT BECAUSE AS YOU CAN SEE HERE 642 00:28:32,610 --> 00:28:34,479 THE AVERAGE COST OF THE PAY LINE 643 00:28:34,546 --> 00:28:36,981 REALLY WENT UP HIGH. 644 00:28:37,048 --> 00:28:39,984 AND IT'S BEEN GOING UP FOR YEARS 645 00:28:40,051 --> 00:28:42,053 WITH 2016. 646 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:43,088 IT'S BEEN MATCHED BY AN INCREASE 647 00:28:43,154 --> 00:28:44,989 IN THE FUNDING BECAUSE WE KEPT 648 00:28:45,056 --> 00:28:46,858 GETTING INCREASES EVERY YEAR TO 649 00:28:46,925 --> 00:28:47,926 MATCH INFLATION. 650 00:28:47,992 --> 00:28:51,096 BUT THAT DID NOT OCCUR IN THE 651 00:28:51,162 --> 00:28:52,630 CURRENT SITUATION. 652 00:28:52,697 --> 00:28:56,968 NOW, THE LIGHT GREEN LINE SHOWS 653 00:28:57,035 --> 00:28:59,337 THE ADJUST FOR THE INFLATIONARY 654 00:28:59,404 --> 00:29:01,072 COST OF DOING SCIENCE, WHAT YOU 655 00:29:01,139 --> 00:29:02,807 SEE IS PRETTY MUCH FLAT ACROSS 656 00:29:02,874 --> 00:29:04,509 THE BOARD. 657 00:29:04,576 --> 00:29:07,212 SO THE INCREASE WE THINK THE 658 00:29:07,278 --> 00:29:07,979 CONCLUSION HERE IS THAT THE 659 00:29:08,046 --> 00:29:10,548 INCREASE IN THE COST OF THE PAY 660 00:29:10,615 --> 00:29:12,450 LINE POINT IS RELATED TO THE 661 00:29:12,517 --> 00:29:14,385 FACT THAT IT'S JUST MORE 662 00:29:14,452 --> 00:29:15,787 EXPENSIVE TO DO SCIENCE AND IT'S 663 00:29:15,854 --> 00:29:19,524 INFLATION THAT DRIVES THAT UP 664 00:29:19,591 --> 00:29:21,826 BUT WHEN YOU GET A FLAT BUDGET 665 00:29:21,893 --> 00:29:25,430 YOU CAN'T HANDLE THAT AND IT HAS 666 00:29:25,497 --> 00:29:27,365 TO COME FROM THE AVAILABLE FUNDS 667 00:29:27,432 --> 00:29:31,169 FOR COMPETING GRANTS. 668 00:29:31,236 --> 00:29:32,971 SO THAT IS WHAT THE ANSWER TO 669 00:29:33,037 --> 00:29:35,874 TIM'S QUESTION IS AND WE'LL SEE 670 00:29:35,940 --> 00:29:37,075 A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT A 671 00:29:37,142 --> 00:29:38,443 BREAKDOWN OF HOW THAT LOOKS. 672 00:29:38,510 --> 00:29:40,912 >> I'M CURIOUS SINCE WE HAVE 673 00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:42,580 PROJECTIONS GOING FORWARD, ONE 674 00:29:42,647 --> 00:29:47,285 OF THE BIG THINGS I KNOW ACROSS 675 00:29:47,352 --> 00:29:50,188 THE COUNTRY EVERYONE INTRAMURAL 676 00:29:50,255 --> 00:29:54,893 AND MINIMUM SALARIES HAVE TO GO 677 00:29:54,959 --> 00:29:58,296 UP AND IS THAT IN THE 678 00:29:58,363 --> 00:30:00,798 PROJECTIONS ALREADY THERE'LL BE 679 00:30:00,865 --> 00:30:05,136 70 MINIMUM OR NOT EVEN THAT JET? 680 00:30:05,203 --> 00:30:15,413 -- THAT YET? 681 00:30:24,189 --> 00:30:25,423 >> SO, WE'LL GET MORE IN THE 682 00:30:25,490 --> 00:30:29,627 FINANCES BUT I WANT TO STOP AND 683 00:30:29,694 --> 00:30:30,395 GO THROUGH WHAT OUR PHILOSOPHY 684 00:30:30,461 --> 00:30:33,231 WAS IN GOING FORWARD IN A TOUGH 685 00:30:33,298 --> 00:30:34,365 BUDGET TIME. 686 00:30:34,432 --> 00:30:35,533 THAT PHILOSOPHY WAS SHAPED BY 687 00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:37,101 DISCUSSIONS AROUND THE TABLE 688 00:30:37,168 --> 00:30:40,505 OVER THE YEARS. 689 00:30:40,572 --> 00:30:42,473 SO I THINK AT NINDS WE'VE BEEN 690 00:30:42,540 --> 00:30:44,976 COMMITTED TO WHAT WE CALL 691 00:30:45,043 --> 00:30:47,111 PROTECTING THE PAY LINE. 692 00:30:47,178 --> 00:30:50,448 WHEN I CAME IN 2007 WE HAD JUST 693 00:30:50,515 --> 00:30:52,116 UNDER GONE A HORRIFIC DROP TO 694 00:30:52,183 --> 00:30:56,988 LIKE 7 PERCENTILE, 8 PERCENTILE 695 00:30:57,055 --> 00:31:00,458 PAY LINE AND WE AT THE STORY AND 696 00:31:00,525 --> 00:31:02,460 I AND BOB WE SAID WE HAD TO DO 697 00:31:02,527 --> 00:31:04,996 EVERYTHING WE CAN TO GET IT UP 698 00:31:05,063 --> 00:31:08,266 AND WE MADE SOME CONVENTION THAT 699 00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:11,736 WE NEVER WANTED TO GO BELOW 14. 700 00:31:11,803 --> 00:31:15,940 THAT NUMBER CAN BE DEBATED. 701 00:31:16,007 --> 00:31:18,209 BUT THAT WAS JUST A CONVENTION 702 00:31:18,276 --> 00:31:20,812 THAT WE MADE AND WE WERE ABLE TO 703 00:31:20,878 --> 00:31:23,381 DO THAT FOR MANY YEARS. 704 00:31:23,448 --> 00:31:26,985 NOW, THE BUDGET WAS FLAT BETWEEN 705 00:31:27,051 --> 00:31:28,086 2004 AND 2016. 706 00:31:28,152 --> 00:31:30,288 I MUST SAY IN 2016 WE WERE 707 00:31:30,355 --> 00:31:31,222 BASICALLY RUNNING OUT OF THINGS 708 00:31:31,289 --> 00:31:34,025 TO CUT TO BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN 709 00:31:34,092 --> 00:31:34,225 THAT. 710 00:31:34,292 --> 00:31:36,261 WE WOULD HAVE DROPPED 711 00:31:36,327 --> 00:31:38,663 SUBSTANTIALLY IN 2016 SHOULD WE 712 00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:39,530 HAVE NOT GOTTEN AN INCREASE 713 00:31:39,597 --> 00:31:40,865 BECAUSE WE RAN OUT OF THINGS WE 714 00:31:40,932 --> 00:31:44,369 COULD CUT. 715 00:31:44,435 --> 00:31:46,437 SO NOW WE'RE DOWN TO 11. 716 00:31:46,504 --> 00:31:48,573 SO WE'RE WAY BELOW WHAT WE WANT 717 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:51,309 AND WHERE WE DECIDED WE WOULD 718 00:31:51,376 --> 00:31:51,576 NEVER GO. 719 00:31:51,643 --> 00:31:54,879 AND THAT AS YOU'LL SEE IS 720 00:31:54,946 --> 00:31:56,914 DESPITE A LOT OF THINGS WE DID 721 00:31:56,981 --> 00:32:00,652 TO INCREASE THE FUNDS AVAILABLE. 722 00:32:00,718 --> 00:32:02,186 OUR PHILOSOPHY HAS BEEN THE 723 00:32:02,253 --> 00:32:05,590 SCIENCE DEPENDS ON THE PEOPLE 724 00:32:05,657 --> 00:32:10,895 DOING THE SCIENCE AND SO WE 725 00:32:10,962 --> 00:32:13,131 THINK WE ARE THERE TO FUND AS 726 00:32:13,197 --> 00:32:14,165 MANY OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATORS 727 00:32:14,232 --> 00:32:14,699 AS POSSIBLE. 728 00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:17,001 SO IN DISCUSSIONS HERE IN THE 729 00:32:17,068 --> 00:32:20,938 PAST AND WE ASCRIBE TO THIS THAT 730 00:32:21,005 --> 00:32:22,607 IF THINGS GET TIGHT IT WOULD BE 731 00:32:22,674 --> 00:32:24,976 BETTER TO KEEP FUNDING AS MANY 732 00:32:25,043 --> 00:32:28,579 PEOPLE AS WE CAN WHO ARE REALLY 733 00:32:28,646 --> 00:32:30,815 GOOD AND DOING GOOD WORK AND 734 00:32:30,882 --> 00:32:39,057 GOOD SCORES ON THE GRANTS AT THE 735 00:32:39,123 --> 00:32:41,459 NEGATIVE SIDE OF CUTTING THE 736 00:32:41,526 --> 00:32:44,862 PROJECTS AND THE COST PER 737 00:32:44,929 --> 00:32:45,096 PROJECT. 738 00:32:45,163 --> 00:32:46,030 SO THAT'S KIND OF WHAT WE'RE 739 00:32:46,097 --> 00:32:49,967 GOING TO BE TALKING TO YOU ABOUT 740 00:32:50,034 --> 00:32:51,369 IS MOVING THIS PHILOSOPHY TO GO 741 00:32:51,436 --> 00:32:54,072 INTO ACTION AND TRY TO KEEP THE 742 00:32:54,138 --> 00:33:00,445 COST OF THE GRANTS DOWN SO WE 743 00:33:00,511 --> 00:33:04,015 CAN IT -- BUT THE REASON IS WE 744 00:33:04,082 --> 00:33:06,484 WANT TO FUND AS MANY AS WE CAN. 745 00:33:06,551 --> 00:33:08,486 WE WANT TO UP HOLD OUR 746 00:33:08,553 --> 00:33:10,521 COMMITMENT NOT TO MORTGAGE THE 747 00:33:10,588 --> 00:33:11,556 NEUROSCIENCE EFFORT BY CUTTING 748 00:33:11,622 --> 00:33:14,192 OUT A GENERATION OF PEOPLE AND 749 00:33:14,258 --> 00:33:15,560 MAKE IT HARD FOR ANYBODY TO GET 750 00:33:15,626 --> 00:33:16,427 INTO SCIENCE. 751 00:33:16,494 --> 00:33:19,330 THAT'S GOING TO REALLY HURT OUT 752 00:33:19,397 --> 00:33:22,967 DOWN THE LINE IF WE GET AN 753 00:33:23,034 --> 00:33:25,002 INCREASE IN THE FUTURE AND FOLKS 754 00:33:25,069 --> 00:33:26,204 HAVE LEFT THE FIELD. 755 00:33:26,270 --> 00:33:28,239 IT'S NOT GOING TO BE SOMETHING 756 00:33:28,306 --> 00:33:29,307 THAT'S EASY TO BRING THINGS 757 00:33:29,374 --> 00:33:31,275 BACK. 758 00:33:31,342 --> 00:33:36,347 AND IN TERMS OF WHAT WE DO, WE 759 00:33:36,414 --> 00:33:40,017 TALKED ABOUT THIS THAT WE FOCUS 760 00:33:40,084 --> 00:33:42,653 PRIMARILY ON BASIC NEUROSCIENCE, 761 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:43,654 UNDERSTANDING HOW THE BRAIN 762 00:33:43,721 --> 00:33:44,989 NERVOUS SYSTEM WORKS AND 763 00:33:45,056 --> 00:33:49,093 UNDERSTANDING MECHANISM OF 764 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:50,595 DISEASE AND 65%, SOMETIMES 70% 765 00:33:50,661 --> 00:33:52,397 OF OUR MONEY GOES TO THAT LEVEL 766 00:33:52,463 --> 00:33:53,097 OF SCIENCE. 767 00:33:53,164 --> 00:33:54,465 THE REASON IS BECAUSE IF WE 768 00:33:54,532 --> 00:33:56,134 DON'T DO IT, PRETTY MUCH NO 769 00:33:56,200 --> 00:33:58,136 ONE'S GOING TO DO IT AND 770 00:33:58,202 --> 00:34:04,675 EVERYTHING ELSE IN TERMS OF 771 00:34:04,742 --> 00:34:06,077 THERAPY DEPENDS ON THE 772 00:34:06,144 --> 00:34:06,511 FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE. 773 00:34:06,577 --> 00:34:07,979 WE THINK THAT'S IMPORTANT AND WE 774 00:34:08,045 --> 00:34:11,649 DO THINK WE NEED MECHANISMS THAT 775 00:34:11,716 --> 00:34:14,385 WILL LEAD FROM THE DISCOVERY 776 00:34:14,452 --> 00:34:16,587 THROUGH THIS PATHWAY OF 777 00:34:16,654 --> 00:34:17,355 DEVELOPING THERAPIES OR 778 00:34:17,422 --> 00:34:18,556 DIAGNOSTICS AND THEN TESTING 779 00:34:18,623 --> 00:34:19,991 THINGS IN PATIENTS. 780 00:34:20,057 --> 00:34:23,261 SO WE DON'T FEEL WE CAN CUT OUT 781 00:34:23,327 --> 00:34:24,562 A BIG COMPONENT OF WHAT WE DO 782 00:34:24,629 --> 00:34:26,631 AND SAY WE JUST CAN'T DO 783 00:34:26,697 --> 00:34:31,602 CLINICAL TRIALS ANYMORE OR BASIC 784 00:34:31,669 --> 00:34:33,805 MECHANISM OF DISEASE ANY MORE. 785 00:34:33,871 --> 00:34:36,340 WE THINK EVERYTHING HAS TO BE 786 00:34:36,407 --> 00:34:41,579 SHRUNK DOWN A BIT WITH THE 787 00:34:41,646 --> 00:34:52,089 EXCEPTION OF THE TRAINING. 788 00:34:57,562 --> 00:35:02,967 SO IF WE HAD OUR PHILOSOPHY TO 789 00:35:03,034 --> 00:35:06,737 FUND AS MANY OUTSTANDING 790 00:35:06,804 --> 00:35:08,573 RESEARCHERS AS POSSIBLE AN 791 00:35:08,639 --> 00:35:11,776 INCREASING NUMBER LOOKS LIKE IT 792 00:35:11,843 --> 00:35:14,979 MAY EVEN DOUBLE BETWEEN 1998 AND 793 00:35:15,046 --> 00:35:18,716 NOW AND SOME OF THIS IS DUE TO 794 00:35:18,783 --> 00:35:20,017 FUNDING SOURCES LIKE HEAL 795 00:35:20,084 --> 00:35:20,985 INITIATIVE OR BRAIN INITIATIVE 796 00:35:21,052 --> 00:35:24,689 BUT EVEN THE BASE BUDGET WAS 797 00:35:24,755 --> 00:35:26,123 SUPPORTING MANY MORE SCIENTISTS 798 00:35:26,190 --> 00:35:27,758 THAN IT HAD BEEN IN THE PAST. 799 00:35:27,825 --> 00:35:35,233 SO THESE ARE THE FOLKS THAT -- 800 00:35:35,299 --> 00:35:39,470 >> HOW DOES THAT COMPARE TO NIH 801 00:35:39,537 --> 00:35:39,737 WIDE? 802 00:35:39,804 --> 00:35:44,141 >> I THINK IT'S ALSO GONE UP. 803 00:35:44,208 --> 00:35:46,811 I DON'T REMEMBER THE STEEP 804 00:35:46,878 --> 00:35:47,011 PIECE. 805 00:35:47,078 --> 00:35:54,352 BUT NIH WENT UP AS WELL. 806 00:35:54,418 --> 00:35:57,154 SO, THIS IS SHOWING YOU THE 807 00:35:57,221 --> 00:36:01,926 DIFFERENT YEARS, '22, '23, '24 808 00:36:01,993 --> 00:36:08,633 AND IN '24, IF WE DIDN'T CHANGE 809 00:36:08,699 --> 00:36:11,536 OUR CUTS TO THE NON-COMPETING 810 00:36:11,602 --> 00:36:14,672 GRANTS WE WOULD HAVE HAD $283 811 00:36:14,739 --> 00:36:17,975 MILLION FOR NEW GRANTS COMPARED 812 00:36:18,042 --> 00:36:20,578 TO $369 WE HAD IN 2023. 813 00:36:20,645 --> 00:36:23,648 WHAT WE DECIDED TO DO IS CUT ALL 814 00:36:23,714 --> 00:36:24,215 NON-COMPETING GRANTS BY AN 815 00:36:24,282 --> 00:36:27,552 ADDITIONAL 3%. 816 00:36:27,618 --> 00:36:29,820 WE CAN DO THAT BECAUSE WE WERE 817 00:36:29,887 --> 00:36:32,590 PREVIOUSLY IN A CONTINUING 818 00:36:32,657 --> 00:36:34,659 RESOLUTION WHERE INSTITUTIONS 819 00:36:34,725 --> 00:36:39,096 ONLY RECEIVE 90% OF WHAT THEY 820 00:36:39,163 --> 00:36:43,501 HAD EXPECTED BASED ON THEIR 821 00:36:43,568 --> 00:36:43,734 BUDGETS. 822 00:36:43,801 --> 00:36:45,670 SO INSTEAD OF SCORING THE 823 00:36:45,736 --> 00:36:46,671 ADDITIONAL 10% WE'RE ONLY GOING 824 00:36:46,737 --> 00:36:48,940 TO RESTORE 7%. 825 00:36:49,006 --> 00:36:52,076 THAT ENABLED US TO INCREASE THE 826 00:36:52,143 --> 00:36:54,946 AMOUNT OF FUNDS WE HAD FOR 827 00:36:55,012 --> 00:36:58,282 COMPETING GRANTS UP TO $320 828 00:36:58,349 --> 00:36:58,683 MILLION. 829 00:36:58,749 --> 00:37:00,184 SO ABOUT HALFWAY -- A LITTLE 830 00:37:00,251 --> 00:37:01,619 LESS THAN HALFWAY TO WHERE WE 831 00:37:01,686 --> 00:37:07,825 WERE IN 2023. 832 00:37:07,892 --> 00:37:09,560 THAT MONEY GOES TO WITHIN THE 833 00:37:09,627 --> 00:37:12,430 PAY LINE GRANTS AND ALSO TO 834 00:37:12,496 --> 00:37:13,464 GRANTS NOT PERCENTILE. 835 00:37:13,531 --> 00:37:19,437 THEY'RE OUTSIDE THE PAY LINE OR 836 00:37:19,503 --> 00:37:22,340 GRANTS THAT WE FUND THAT ARE 837 00:37:22,406 --> 00:37:23,874 ABOVE THE PAY LINE. 838 00:37:23,941 --> 00:37:26,577 NOW, YOU CAN SEE ON THE FINAL 839 00:37:26,644 --> 00:37:29,647 ROW WHAT WE HAD DONE IN THE PAST 840 00:37:29,714 --> 00:37:32,250 BECAUSE YOU ALWAYS HAD THIS 841 00:37:32,316 --> 00:37:34,352 UNCERTAINTY OF WHAT THE BUDGET 842 00:37:34,418 --> 00:37:36,654 WAS PAY THE R21s WHICH ARE 843 00:37:36,721 --> 00:37:37,888 TWO-YEAR GRANTS AND PAY ALL OF 844 00:37:37,955 --> 00:37:39,657 THEM IN ONE YEAR. 845 00:37:39,724 --> 00:37:44,261 THEY WOULDN'T HAVE OUTYEAR -- 846 00:37:44,328 --> 00:37:45,363 OUT YEAR COSTS AND THAT WOULD 847 00:37:45,429 --> 00:37:46,397 GIVE A BUFFER. 848 00:37:46,464 --> 00:37:49,000 WE CAN'T DO THAT THIS YEAR 849 00:37:49,066 --> 00:37:52,670 BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE BUFFER 850 00:37:52,737 --> 00:37:52,870 MONEY. 851 00:37:52,937 --> 00:37:55,906 IN 2025 WE'LL BE SHORT THE MONEY 852 00:37:55,973 --> 00:37:59,143 FROM 2024 THAT WAS BUFFERED BY 853 00:37:59,210 --> 00:38:02,446 PAYING THE R21s IN '23. 854 00:38:02,513 --> 00:38:06,183 A WORSE PROBLEM IN 2025 THAN WE 855 00:38:06,250 --> 00:38:09,620 ARE IN 2024. 856 00:38:09,687 --> 00:38:12,089 >> I THINK TIM HAS ANOTHER 857 00:38:12,156 --> 00:38:12,757 QUESTION. 858 00:38:12,823 --> 00:38:14,291 >> THAT'S WHY WE INCREASED THE 859 00:38:14,358 --> 00:38:15,860 ADMIN CUTS BY 3%. 860 00:38:15,926 --> 00:38:19,864 THE PROBLEM AT OUR INSTITUTE IS 861 00:38:19,930 --> 00:38:21,732 SOMEWHERE IN THE DISTANT PAST, 862 00:38:21,799 --> 00:38:23,367 MAYBE 2004, THE INSTITUTE 863 00:38:23,434 --> 00:38:26,971 INCREASED THE ADMIN CUTS ON RO1s 864 00:38:27,038 --> 00:38:29,940 TO 17.5%. 865 00:38:30,007 --> 00:38:33,010 THEY ALSO INCREASED THE ADMIN 866 00:38:33,077 --> 00:38:39,717 CUTS TO MODULAR GRANTS I THINK 867 00:38:39,784 --> 00:38:40,017 1 868 00:38:40,084 --> 00:38:40,217 12.5%. 869 00:38:40,284 --> 00:38:42,286 OVER TIME WE GOT RID OF THE 870 00:38:42,353 --> 00:38:43,254 MODULAR CUTS BUT NEVER GOT RID 871 00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:46,490 OF THE ADMIN CUTS TO THE RO1s SO 872 00:38:46,557 --> 00:38:49,093 NOW THE CUT IS 20.5% WHICH IS 873 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:52,463 NOT WHERE YOU WANT TO BE. 874 00:38:52,530 --> 00:38:54,532 I DON'T THINK WE HAD ANY CHOICE 875 00:38:54,598 --> 00:38:55,299 THIS YEAR. 876 00:38:55,366 --> 00:38:56,133 CERTAINLY IT'S SOMETHING FROM 877 00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:58,069 THE FUTURE TO TRY TO REDUCE 878 00:38:58,135 --> 00:39:01,072 THOSE SHOULD THERE BE ANY 879 00:39:01,138 --> 00:39:02,273 RELIEF. 880 00:39:02,339 --> 00:39:08,212 SO WE DID INCREASE THE ADMIN 881 00:39:08,279 --> 00:39:10,948 CUTS, GAINED A LITTLE BIT OF 882 00:39:11,015 --> 00:39:15,052 MONEY FOR NEW GRANTS AND IF WE 883 00:39:15,119 --> 00:39:18,089 WEREN'T THERE SWEET BE AROUND 8% 884 00:39:18,155 --> 00:39:19,190 TO 9%. 885 00:39:19,256 --> 00:39:25,129 THIS IS TO THE COST OF AN RO1 886 00:39:25,196 --> 00:39:25,563 GRANTS. 887 00:39:25,629 --> 00:39:27,131 THE BULK GO TO RO1 GRANTS. 888 00:39:27,198 --> 00:39:29,600 I'M SURE THIS INCREASE IS NOT 889 00:39:29,667 --> 00:39:33,337 JUST TO RO1s BUT AFFECTS ALL 890 00:39:33,404 --> 00:39:34,839 GRANTS BECAUSE OF THE THINGS TIM 891 00:39:34,905 --> 00:39:36,707 SAID, COST GO UP AND SALARIES GO 892 00:39:36,774 --> 00:39:41,178 UP AND PARTICULARLY LATELY. 893 00:39:41,245 --> 00:39:44,415 SO, WHAT YOU CAN SEE IS THERE'S 894 00:39:44,482 --> 00:39:46,217 BEEN A MAJOR INCREASE IN THE RO1 895 00:39:46,283 --> 00:39:47,585 GRANTS. 896 00:39:47,651 --> 00:39:52,223 WHEN I CAME IN 2007 IT WAS 897 00:39:52,289 --> 00:39:56,527 SOMEWHERE AROUND $380,000 MAYBE 898 00:39:56,594 --> 00:40:00,931 FOR THE AVERAGE TOTAL COST AND 899 00:40:00,998 --> 00:40:05,736 NOW IT'S $564,000. 900 00:40:05,803 --> 00:40:09,840 THAT'S BEEN GOING UP 901 00:40:09,907 --> 00:40:10,975 CONSISTENTLY LATELY DUE TO 902 00:40:11,041 --> 00:40:13,110 INFLATION AND IF YOU ADJUST FOR 903 00:40:13,177 --> 00:40:14,779 INFLATION IT'S REALLY PRETTY 904 00:40:14,845 --> 00:40:15,179 FLAT. 905 00:40:15,246 --> 00:40:17,481 AGAIN IT LOOKS LIKE IT'S DRIVEN 906 00:40:17,548 --> 00:40:19,650 PRIMARILY BY INFLATION BUT THE 907 00:40:19,717 --> 00:40:20,951 TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS WE'RE 908 00:40:21,018 --> 00:40:23,387 GOING TO INCREASE THE PAY LINE 909 00:40:23,454 --> 00:40:27,324 TO 14 YOU CAN'T AFFORD TO PAY 910 00:40:27,391 --> 00:40:28,626 INCREASING COST PER GRANT. 911 00:40:28,692 --> 00:40:31,162 WE HAVE TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO GET 912 00:40:31,228 --> 00:40:37,001 THE AVERAGE COST PER GRANT DOWN. 913 00:40:37,067 --> 00:40:41,138 WHICH IS REALLY HARD. 914 00:40:41,205 --> 00:40:43,274 YOU CAN'T GET THE SAME THING YOU 915 00:40:43,340 --> 00:40:44,809 WERE GETTING BEFORE IF YOU'RE 916 00:40:44,875 --> 00:40:46,377 NOT GIVEN THE SAME AMOUNT OF 917 00:40:46,443 --> 00:40:47,578 FUNDS. 918 00:40:47,645 --> 00:40:52,883 WE'RE LOOKING PROBABLY FOR MORE 919 00:40:52,950 --> 00:40:58,255 GRANTS THAT ARE LOWER COST AND 920 00:40:58,322 --> 00:41:00,858 THIS IS THE PROJECTION GOING 921 00:41:00,925 --> 00:41:05,229 FORWARD AND I WANT TO THANK MIKE 922 00:41:05,296 --> 00:41:06,530 HOWE AND HIS TEAM FOR DOING ALL 923 00:41:06,597 --> 00:41:08,799 THE WORK IN PREPARING THE DATA. 924 00:41:08,866 --> 00:41:12,002 IT LOOKS LIKE BY 2026 THE 925 00:41:12,069 --> 00:41:15,940 PROJECTION IS $612 ,000 IF WE 926 00:41:16,006 --> 00:41:17,508 DON'T DO SOMETHING PER RO1 AND 927 00:41:17,575 --> 00:41:18,776 THAT WILL BE REALLY TOUGH 928 00:41:18,843 --> 00:41:21,178 WITHOUT SOME KIND OF BUDGET 929 00:41:21,245 --> 00:41:22,746 RELIEF. 930 00:41:22,813 --> 00:41:24,715 SO WHAT WE DID AS WE DECIDED TO 931 00:41:24,782 --> 00:41:30,387 GO WITH A SPLIT PAY LINE. 932 00:41:30,454 --> 00:41:33,023 AND I GUESS YOU WEREN'T HERE 933 00:41:33,090 --> 00:41:36,760 WHEN THIS HAPPENED BUT WE WERE 934 00:41:36,827 --> 00:41:38,996 TALKING ABOUT HOW DO WE DEAL 935 00:41:39,063 --> 00:41:43,534 WITH THIS ISSUE OF FUNDING THE 936 00:41:43,601 --> 00:41:46,704 RIGHT NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND UP 937 00:41:46,770 --> 00:41:48,706 COMPARISON TO FUNDING LABS THAT 938 00:41:48,772 --> 00:41:52,409 HAVE REALLY BIG BUDGETS. 939 00:41:52,476 --> 00:41:54,545 AND THE DECISION OF THE COUNCIL 940 00:41:54,612 --> 00:41:57,081 AND I THINK IT WAS A WISE ONE 941 00:41:57,147 --> 00:41:58,883 WAS THAT IF IT'S A REALLY 942 00:41:58,949 --> 00:42:01,452 IMPORTANT AND IT'S A SUPER 943 00:42:01,518 --> 00:42:03,487 IMPORTANT REALLY GOOD GRANT, WE 944 00:42:03,554 --> 00:42:05,022 SHOULD FUN IT NO MATTER WHAT. 945 00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:05,623 NO MATTER HOW MUCH MONEY THEY 946 00:42:05,689 --> 00:42:08,492 HAVE. 947 00:42:08,559 --> 00:42:10,494 BUT IT'S GOT TO BE A REALLY GOOD 948 00:42:10,561 --> 00:42:10,694 GRANT. 949 00:42:10,761 --> 00:42:12,229 SO WE ESTABLISHED THE FACT THAT 950 00:42:12,296 --> 00:42:17,835 IF YOU HAVE OVER $1 MILLION THEN 951 00:42:17,902 --> 00:42:19,503 ALREADY IN YOUR LAB AND YOU'RE 952 00:42:19,570 --> 00:42:20,671 GOING TO COME IN FOR FURTHER 953 00:42:20,738 --> 00:42:22,806 MONEY, YOU HAVE TO GET BETTER 954 00:42:22,873 --> 00:42:32,650 THAN HALF THE REGULAR 955 00:42:32,716 --> 00:42:35,319 PERCENTILE. 956 00:42:35,386 --> 00:42:38,155 THAT WAS 7 PERCENTILE AND WHAT 957 00:42:38,222 --> 00:42:38,956 WE'RE DOING HERE WHERE IF THE 958 00:42:39,023 --> 00:42:41,492 GRANT IS REALLY EXPENSIVE BUT 959 00:42:41,558 --> 00:42:44,528 IT'S REALLY GOOD AND YOU CAN GET 960 00:42:44,595 --> 00:42:46,163 BELOW THAT HALF OF THE REGULAR 961 00:42:46,230 --> 00:42:47,898 PAY LINE AND WE'RE GOING TO FUND 962 00:42:47,965 --> 00:42:50,768 IT, IT'S GOING TO BE JUST HARDER 963 00:42:50,834 --> 00:42:55,072 TO GET THE MORE EXPENSIVE 964 00:42:55,139 --> 00:42:55,306 GRANTS. 965 00:42:55,372 --> 00:42:57,141 AND THAT IN FACT WHEN WE LOOK AT 966 00:42:57,207 --> 00:43:00,544 IT IS NOT GOING TO HAVE A 967 00:43:00,611 --> 00:43:02,980 TREMENDOUS IMPACT RIGHT AWAY ON 968 00:43:03,047 --> 00:43:03,881 OUR BUDGET. 969 00:43:03,948 --> 00:43:05,382 GIVE US SOME PUTTING RELIEF BUT 970 00:43:05,449 --> 00:43:06,784 I THINK OVER TIME IT'S GOING TO 971 00:43:06,850 --> 00:43:11,121 BE MORE OF A BEHAVIOR CHANGE 972 00:43:11,188 --> 00:43:12,923 MODIFICATION THAT WILL REALLY 973 00:43:12,990 --> 00:43:13,157 HELP US. 974 00:43:13,223 --> 00:43:15,259 SO THAT'S KIND OF WHAT WE HAD 975 00:43:15,326 --> 00:43:18,162 DECIDED TO DO. 976 00:43:18,228 --> 00:43:20,064 SO THIS IS ACTUAL NOW YOU'RE 977 00:43:20,130 --> 00:43:23,000 GOING TO BE SEEING THINGS COMING 978 00:43:23,067 --> 00:43:24,935 TODAY THAT WE'RE THOUGHT GOING 979 00:43:25,002 --> 00:43:28,872 TO BE ABLE TO FUND IF THEY DON'T 980 00:43:28,939 --> 00:43:33,243 MAKE THIS GOOD PAY. 981 00:43:33,310 --> 00:43:33,711 OKAY. 982 00:43:33,777 --> 00:43:37,114 NOW, SO THAT WAS THE END OF THE 983 00:43:37,181 --> 00:43:38,082 BUDGET TALK FOR EXTRAMURAL. 984 00:43:38,148 --> 00:43:43,687 I JUST WANT TO ASK IF THERE ARE 985 00:43:43,754 --> 00:43:46,190 ANY QUESTIONS. 986 00:43:46,256 --> 00:43:49,560 >> GIVEN THE INCREASE OF THE 987 00:43:49,626 --> 00:43:50,828 COST OF THE GRANTS AND 988 00:43:50,894 --> 00:43:52,629 INSTITUTION CUTS AT NOW 20% IT 989 00:43:52,696 --> 00:43:54,598 COULD BE A BIG CHUNK OF MONEY 990 00:43:54,665 --> 00:43:59,937 MISSING IN THE GRANTS THAT GET 991 00:44:00,004 --> 00:44:02,473 PAID. 992 00:44:02,539 --> 00:44:04,341 AND THERE'S ON THE CUT UNLESS IT 993 00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:05,676 WAS MORE THAN 25%. 994 00:44:05,743 --> 00:44:10,981 I DON'T KNOW HOW THAT -- I THINK 995 00:44:11,048 --> 00:44:13,083 THAT COULD BE CHANGED -- IT'S A 996 00:44:13,150 --> 00:44:16,320 LOT OF MONEY MISSING NOW AND 997 00:44:16,387 --> 00:44:18,522 GIVES ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY TO SEE 998 00:44:18,589 --> 00:44:21,258 SMALLER VENUES AND BIG 999 00:44:21,325 --> 00:44:21,925 FOUNDATIONS IN NEUROSCIENCE THAT 1000 00:44:21,992 --> 00:44:23,060 DIDN'T USED TO BE. 1001 00:44:23,127 --> 00:44:25,863 YOU COULD TAKE A CHUNK OF AN 1002 00:44:25,929 --> 00:44:27,931 IDEA AND SAY I'M GOING TO 1003 00:44:27,998 --> 00:44:29,933 REPURPOSE THIS AND TRY TO GET 1004 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:30,567 MONEY WITH IT. 1005 00:44:30,634 --> 00:44:33,604 I REALIZE IT WILL BE A BIG ASK 1006 00:44:33,670 --> 00:44:35,205 BECAUSE IT'S A BIG NIH WIDE 1007 00:44:35,272 --> 00:44:36,840 POLICY FOR THE THRESHOLD FOR 1008 00:44:36,907 --> 00:44:41,045 REVIVING THE AIMS OF AN APPROVED 1009 00:44:41,111 --> 00:44:45,649 GRANT BUT NOW WE'RE TALKING 1010 00:44:45,716 --> 00:44:50,320 ABOUT SERIOUS AMOUNTS OF MONEY 1011 00:44:50,387 --> 00:44:51,455 BEING EXTRACTED FROM THE GRANT. 1012 00:44:51,522 --> 00:44:52,423 >> GOOD POINT. 1013 00:44:52,489 --> 00:44:56,160 IN OUR INSTANCE SINCE WE'VE HAD 1014 00:44:56,226 --> 00:44:59,096 THE 17.5% THE 3% ON TOP MAY NOT 1015 00:44:59,163 --> 00:45:00,397 NECESSARILY JUMP INTO THAT BUT I 1016 00:45:00,464 --> 00:45:02,466 THINK IT'S A GOOD POINT THAT IF 1017 00:45:02,533 --> 00:45:03,967 YOU GIVE PEOPLE LESS MONEY, YOU 1018 00:45:04,034 --> 00:45:07,037 HAVE TO EXPECT THEY'RE NOT GOING 1019 00:45:07,104 --> 00:45:10,908 TO DO AS MUCH NOW PARTICULARLY 1020 00:45:10,974 --> 00:45:13,077 WHEN YOU SUDDENLY IMPOSE IT. 1021 00:45:13,143 --> 00:45:15,312 I THINK OVER TIME PEOPLE WILL 1022 00:45:15,379 --> 00:45:17,614 HAVE TO KIND MUCH SHARPEN WHAT 1023 00:45:17,681 --> 00:45:20,984 THEY THOUGHT THEY'D BE ABLE TO 1024 00:45:21,051 --> 00:45:22,920 DO. 1025 00:45:22,986 --> 00:45:23,987 DAVE, DID YOU WANT TO SAY 1026 00:45:24,054 --> 00:45:24,254 ANYTHING? 1027 00:45:24,321 --> 00:45:26,056 >> NOT NECESSARILY. 1028 00:45:26,123 --> 00:45:36,733 THE THRESHOLD RIGHTS, PIPPEN -- 1029 00:45:38,836 --> 00:45:42,973 OPINION IS WE HAVE DISCUSSED OUT 1030 00:45:43,040 --> 00:45:46,977 WITH OER AND WE WERE GOING TO DO 1031 00:45:47,044 --> 00:45:49,880 MASS ACTION CHANGE AND SHOULD BE 1032 00:45:49,947 --> 00:45:53,016 NIH WIDE NOT NINDS ALONE. 1033 00:45:53,083 --> 00:45:56,120 >> IT IMPACTS YOUNG PEOPLE 1034 00:45:56,186 --> 00:45:58,355 ENTERING THE SYSTEM MORE BECAUSE 1035 00:45:58,422 --> 00:45:59,656 I KNOW THE PHILOSOPHY THEY'RE 1036 00:45:59,723 --> 00:46:01,825 STARTING A LAB AND HAVE A SET OF 1037 00:46:01,892 --> 00:46:04,094 IDEAS, THEY'RE GOING TO SHOP 1038 00:46:04,161 --> 00:46:04,928 THEM AROUND. 1039 00:46:04,995 --> 00:46:07,164 EVERYBODY VIEWS THE FIRST RO1 AS 1040 00:46:07,231 --> 00:46:08,632 AN IMPORTANT METRIC BUT IF YOU 1041 00:46:08,699 --> 00:46:13,070 CAN'T GET IT ALL DONE, THEN THE 1042 00:46:13,137 --> 00:46:14,838 OPPORTUNITIES TO GET ALL THE 1043 00:46:14,905 --> 00:46:18,041 SMALLER OPPORTUNITIES AND SAY 1044 00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:19,376 LISTEN, I'M GOING PIGEON HOLE 1045 00:46:19,443 --> 00:46:21,812 THIS IN AND I THINK IT IMPACTS 1046 00:46:21,879 --> 00:46:25,082 THE ENTRY WORKFORCE MORE THAN 1047 00:46:25,149 --> 00:46:28,485 THE SENIOR. 1048 00:46:28,552 --> 00:46:29,987 >> SO, WALTER CAN YOU HEAR ME? 1049 00:46:30,053 --> 00:46:31,588 >> YES. 1050 00:46:31,655 --> 00:46:33,390 >> THANKS FOR THE OVERVIEW. 1051 00:46:33,457 --> 00:46:34,825 IT'S ALWAYS DIFFICULT TO FIGURE 1052 00:46:34,892 --> 00:46:37,127 OUT HOW TO DISTRIBUTE A FINITE 1053 00:46:37,194 --> 00:46:37,494 PIE. 1054 00:46:37,561 --> 00:46:40,731 I'M GOING TO GO BACK AND ASK 1055 00:46:40,797 --> 00:46:41,899 KIND OF A NAIVE QUESTION. 1056 00:46:41,965 --> 00:46:43,734 WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE 1057 00:46:43,800 --> 00:46:44,635 UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE PROGRAM IN 1058 00:46:44,701 --> 00:46:47,771 THE BASE BUDGET $2 MILLION AND 1059 00:46:47,838 --> 00:46:50,440 YET INSTRUCTED TO SPEND $18 1060 00:46:50,507 --> 00:46:50,674 MILLION. 1061 00:46:50,741 --> 00:46:53,510 TO WHAT EXTENT ARE YOU 1062 00:46:53,577 --> 00:46:54,778 INSTRUCTED TO DO THINGS WITH THE 1063 00:46:54,845 --> 00:46:59,850 MONEY THAT IMPEEDZ -- IMPEDES 1064 00:46:59,917 --> 00:47:01,318 THE WAY TO DISTRIBUTE THE PIE TO 1065 00:47:01,385 --> 00:47:03,453 THE INVESTIGATORS? 1066 00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:05,322 >> IT GOES UNDER UNFUNDED 1067 00:47:05,389 --> 00:47:05,722 MANDATES. 1068 00:47:05,789 --> 00:47:11,795 I DON'T THINK WE'VE HAD A LOT OF 1069 00:47:11,862 --> 00:47:15,599 THAT. 1070 00:47:15,666 --> 00:47:17,801 CONGRESS CAN TELL YOU WHAT TO DO 1071 00:47:17,868 --> 00:47:19,269 AND THAT THE SEPARATE FROM THE 1072 00:47:19,336 --> 00:47:20,304 AND NOT SOMETHING WE CAN ARGUE 1073 00:47:20,370 --> 00:47:24,942 WITH. 1074 00:47:25,008 --> 00:47:26,977 BUT I DOESN'T HAPPEN OFTEN. 1075 00:47:27,044 --> 00:47:34,451 >> NOT TO US. 1076 00:47:34,518 --> 00:47:38,255 >> WE HAD SOMEONE AT THE MIC 1077 00:47:38,322 --> 00:47:43,126 WHO'S BEEN STANDING. 1078 00:47:43,193 --> 00:47:43,927 >> GOOD MORNING. 1079 00:47:43,994 --> 00:47:45,295 IS THIS WORKING? 1080 00:47:45,362 --> 00:47:55,839 >> IF NOT YOU CAN COME HERE. 1081 00:47:58,408 --> 00:48:01,078 GOOD MORNING, MY NAME IS 1082 00:48:01,144 --> 00:48:04,181 DR. SHERYL LOMEN AND I'M AN 1083 00:48:04,248 --> 00:48:07,718 ADVOCATE AND REALLY UNDER THE 1084 00:48:07,784 --> 00:48:10,887 BUDGETARY PRESSURES YOU'RE UNDER 1085 00:48:10,954 --> 00:48:14,992 AND HOW YOU'RE TRYING TO STRIVE 1086 00:48:15,058 --> 00:48:24,801 TO BRING SOME MEASURE OF COMEN 1087 00:48:24,868 --> 00:48:26,136 SENSE IN THE BUDGET AND LONG 1088 00:48:26,203 --> 00:48:26,436 COVID. 1089 00:48:26,503 --> 00:48:28,372 WE ALL KNOW FROM CDC NUMBERS 1090 00:48:28,438 --> 00:48:33,910 THAT LONG COVID AFFECTS 16 TO 23 1091 00:48:33,977 --> 00:48:34,511 MILLION IN THE OUT. 1092 00:48:34,578 --> 00:48:37,648 ROUGHLY EQUIVALENT TO THE NUMBER 1093 00:48:37,714 --> 00:48:38,248 OF CANCER. 1094 00:48:38,315 --> 00:48:41,118 SENATOR SANDERS OF THE HEALTH 1095 00:48:41,184 --> 00:48:44,655 COMMITTEE AND OTHER BIPARTISAN 1096 00:48:44,721 --> 00:48:50,260 FOLKS ARE ASKING FOR A BILLION 1097 00:48:50,327 --> 00:48:51,161 DOLLAR MOONSHOT THAT WOULD BE A 1098 00:48:51,228 --> 00:48:53,096 THIRD OF YOUR BUDGET. 1099 00:48:53,163 --> 00:48:56,099 I PERSONALLY SAT DOWN WITH THE 1100 00:48:56,166 --> 00:48:57,267 BUDGETS AND UNDERSTAND THE COST 1101 00:48:57,334 --> 00:48:58,669 OF DOING SCIENCE AND THE AMOUNT 1102 00:48:58,735 --> 00:49:01,805 OF MONEY WE NEED TO DO 1103 00:49:01,872 --> 00:49:03,840 MEANINGFUL RESEARCH QUICKLY FOR 1104 00:49:03,907 --> 00:49:06,576 LONG COVID IS $10 BILLION 1105 00:49:06,643 --> 00:49:06,843 ANNUALLY. 1106 00:49:06,910 --> 00:49:09,846 THAT'S A HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY. 1107 00:49:09,913 --> 00:49:13,784 MEANWHILE THOUGH WE NEED TO 1108 00:49:13,850 --> 00:49:15,285 REALIZE THAT THE ECONOMIC IMPACT 1109 00:49:15,352 --> 00:49:19,690 OF LONG COVID ON THE 1110 00:49:19,756 --> 00:49:21,091 U.S. ECONOMY BY A HARVARD 1111 00:49:21,158 --> 00:49:25,562 ECONOMIST IS $3.7 TRILLION. 1112 00:49:25,629 --> 00:49:27,964 SO I ASK THE ELEPHANT IN THE 1113 00:49:28,031 --> 00:49:30,100 ROOM, WHAT IS THE PLAN FOR 1114 00:49:30,167 --> 00:49:30,801 GETTING THE MONEY? 1115 00:49:30,867 --> 00:49:32,336 MY PLAN WAS STANDING IN THE RAIN 1116 00:49:32,402 --> 00:49:34,805 LAST NIGHT TALKING TO INCOMING 1117 00:49:34,871 --> 00:49:36,940 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS OF THE 1118 00:49:37,007 --> 00:49:37,174 PRIMARY. 1119 00:49:37,240 --> 00:49:37,574 WHAT'S YOUR PLAN? 1120 00:49:37,641 --> 00:49:43,980 THANK YOU. 1121 00:49:44,047 --> 00:49:49,086 >> WE HAVE A ROAD MAP FOR 1122 00:49:49,152 --> 00:49:50,387 RESEARCH LATER THIS MORNING. 1123 00:49:50,454 --> 00:49:53,457 BUT THE POINT IS WELL TAKEN THAT 1124 00:49:53,523 --> 00:49:54,324 THERE ARE TREMENDOUS HEALTH 1125 00:49:54,391 --> 00:49:59,229 PROBLEMS HITTING THE COUNTRY 1126 00:49:59,296 --> 00:50:01,365 THAT REQUIRE RESEARCH. 1127 00:50:01,431 --> 00:50:01,531 AND. 1128 00:50:01,598 --> 00:50:02,632 IN TOUGH BUDGET TIMES IT'S 1129 00:50:02,699 --> 00:50:02,966 DIFFICULT. 1130 00:50:03,033 --> 00:50:05,202 I WOULD SAY I TOOK THE SLIDES 1131 00:50:05,268 --> 00:50:10,307 OUT FOR THE SAKE OF TIME BUT OUR 1132 00:50:10,374 --> 00:50:14,111 INSTITUTE AND THE NIAID AND 1133 00:50:14,177 --> 00:50:18,682 NHLBI RUN THE RECOVER INITIATIVE 1134 00:50:18,749 --> 00:50:23,253 TO DO RESEARCH AND LONG COVID. 1135 00:50:23,320 --> 00:50:24,821 WE WERE HOPING THAT WE FIND A 1136 00:50:24,888 --> 00:50:26,056 CURE. 1137 00:50:26,123 --> 00:50:27,391 WE HAVEN'T DONE THAT YET BUT THE 1138 00:50:27,457 --> 00:50:28,792 GOOD THINGS THAT COME OUT OF 1139 00:50:28,859 --> 00:50:31,061 THAT THAT FUNDING IS AT THE TUNE 1140 00:50:31,128 --> 00:50:32,396 OF $1.5 BILLION. 1141 00:50:32,462 --> 00:50:37,067 THERE WAS FUNDING THAT CAME TO 1142 00:50:37,134 --> 00:50:42,372 NIH FOR THE LONG COVID RESEARCH 1143 00:50:42,439 --> 00:50:44,574 AND I SUSPECT AS MENTIONED IT'S 1144 00:50:44,641 --> 00:50:46,943 GOING TO TAKE A LOT MORE TO 1145 00:50:47,010 --> 00:50:48,979 SOLVE THE PROBLEM IT'S SO 1146 00:50:49,045 --> 00:50:55,352 SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU HEAR ABOUT 1147 00:50:55,419 --> 00:50:59,222 FROM ME/CFS AS FAR AS I CAN TELL 1148 00:50:59,289 --> 00:51:00,690 AND NOBODY'S BEEN ABLE TO FIGURE 1149 00:51:00,757 --> 00:51:03,393 OUT THAT DISORDER FOR DECADES. 1150 00:51:03,460 --> 00:51:04,895 BESIDES MONEY WE NEED PEOPLE 1151 00:51:04,961 --> 00:51:05,562 INVESTED IN THIS. 1152 00:51:05,629 --> 00:51:10,133 THAT IS ONE OF OUR BIG PROBLEMS 1153 00:51:10,200 --> 00:51:14,604 IN ME/CFS RESEARCH WE HAVEN'T 1154 00:51:14,671 --> 00:51:16,740 GOTTEN THE BIG POWERFUL RESEARCH 1155 00:51:16,807 --> 00:51:17,707 COMMUNITY INVESTED IN FIGURING 1156 00:51:17,774 --> 00:51:23,046 THAT OUT. 1157 00:51:23,113 --> 00:51:23,680 OKAY. 1158 00:51:23,747 --> 00:51:34,124 FLORIAN ANY QUESTION? 1159 00:51:36,359 --> 00:51:40,997 THIS NINDS IS FLAT AND NOT WITH 1160 00:51:41,064 --> 00:51:42,766 THE INITIATIVES OUTLINED AND HOW 1161 00:51:42,833 --> 00:51:44,901 DYNAMIC ARE THE INITIATIVES AND 1162 00:51:44,968 --> 00:51:48,138 HOW HARD IS IT TO LAUNCH NEW 1163 00:51:48,205 --> 00:51:52,209 ONES AND DO THEY COME ABOUT AND 1164 00:51:52,275 --> 00:51:54,311 WHAT'S THE FUTURE FOR THINGS 1165 00:51:54,377 --> 00:51:58,315 BEYOND BRAIN AND 21st CENTURY 1166 00:51:58,381 --> 00:52:01,051 CURES ACT AND ARE THERE THOUGHTS 1167 00:52:01,117 --> 00:52:03,687 AROUND GALVANIZING NEW 1168 00:52:03,753 --> 00:52:08,892 TECHNOLOGY AND REMEMBER SOME OF 1169 00:52:08,959 --> 00:52:17,200 THE TOPICS MENTION ED. 1170 00:52:17,267 --> 00:52:18,535 >> WE DON'T THINK THERE'S 1171 00:52:18,602 --> 00:52:19,536 ANYTHING WE DO NOT WORTHWHILE 1172 00:52:19,603 --> 00:52:23,073 DOING. 1173 00:52:23,139 --> 00:52:25,442 SO I THINK WE HAVE THE BASICALLY 1174 00:52:25,509 --> 00:52:28,078 THINK ABOUT SHRINKING EACH OF 1175 00:52:28,144 --> 00:52:28,912 THE PROGRAMS. 1176 00:52:28,979 --> 00:52:30,447 I THINK I TALKED ABOUT THIS LAST 1177 00:52:30,514 --> 00:52:32,616 TIME OUR TEAMS GOT TOGETHER AND 1178 00:52:32,682 --> 00:52:33,750 LOOKED AT WHAT THEY HAD HOPED TO 1179 00:52:33,817 --> 00:52:36,286 DO AND SO IF YOU HAVE A PROGRAM 1180 00:52:36,353 --> 00:52:38,989 YOU WANTED TO FUND FOR GRANTS 1181 00:52:39,055 --> 00:52:40,023 NOW YOU FUND TWO. 1182 00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:41,958 SO THAT'S KIND OF WHAT WE'VE 1183 00:52:42,025 --> 00:52:46,062 DONE AND THE TEAM SHAVED OFF 1184 00:52:46,129 --> 00:52:49,099 ABOUT $35 MILLION IN PLANNED 1185 00:52:49,165 --> 00:52:49,366 PROGRAMS. 1186 00:52:49,432 --> 00:52:53,203 WE DIDN'T JETTISON ANY CERTAIN 1187 00:52:53,270 --> 00:52:53,470 PROGRAM. 1188 00:52:53,537 --> 00:52:59,543 FOR NEW PROGRAMS, YOU'D HAVE TO 1189 00:52:59,609 --> 00:53:01,578 NOT DO SOMETHING ELSE AND TRIM 1190 00:53:01,645 --> 00:53:03,013 DOWN SOMETHING MORE TO DO 1191 00:53:03,079 --> 00:53:04,381 SOMETHING NEW. 1192 00:53:04,447 --> 00:53:06,650 WE HAVE PROGRAMS YOU'LL HEAR 1193 00:53:06,716 --> 00:53:09,019 ABOUT TODAY THAT ARE NEW 1194 00:53:09,085 --> 00:53:10,287 PROGRAMS PARTICULARLY IN TRYING 1195 00:53:10,353 --> 00:53:11,154 TO ADVANCE HEALTH EQUITY. 1196 00:53:11,221 --> 00:53:11,855 THAT'S A NEW PROGRAM. 1197 00:53:11,922 --> 00:53:14,224 WE HAD A WORKING GROUP OF 1198 00:53:14,291 --> 00:53:16,960 COUNCIL WORK ON THAT. 1199 00:53:17,027 --> 00:53:19,296 THE GENE THERAPY PROGRAM IS 1200 00:53:19,362 --> 00:53:20,964 ANOTHER ONE THAT WE'RE DEDICATED 1201 00:53:21,031 --> 00:53:25,068 TO MOVE FORWARD BECAUSE WE THINK 1202 00:53:25,135 --> 00:53:29,339 IT'S REALLY A PIONEERING SCIENCE 1203 00:53:29,406 --> 00:53:30,373 PROGRAM BUT IT'S GOING TO BE 1204 00:53:30,440 --> 00:53:40,917 DIFFICULT TO DO NEW THINGS. 1205 00:53:42,886 --> 00:53:43,253 >> SAMEER. 1206 00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:44,654 >> THANK YOU. 1207 00:53:44,721 --> 00:53:47,657 WITH POLICIES LIKE THIS PUTTING 1208 00:53:47,724 --> 00:53:49,459 MORE EMPHASIS ON COST THAN 1209 00:53:49,526 --> 00:53:51,828 PERHAPS BEFORE IN AN INTENTIONAL 1210 00:53:51,895 --> 00:53:58,435 WAY, HOW WILL THAT AFFECT, IF AT 1211 00:53:58,501 --> 00:54:00,070 ALL, REVIEW? 1212 00:54:00,136 --> 00:54:02,606 AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE TWO GRANTS 1213 00:54:02,672 --> 00:54:06,476 THAT ARE A FEW POINTS A PART BUT 1214 00:54:06,543 --> 00:54:07,644 ONE THAT IS A LITTLE BIT WORSE 1215 00:54:07,711 --> 00:54:12,115 AT SCORE BY A FEW POINTS IS 100K 1216 00:54:12,182 --> 00:54:12,349 LESS. 1217 00:54:12,415 --> 00:54:14,184 WHAT'S THE DOLLAR EQUIVALENT OF 1218 00:54:14,250 --> 00:54:16,720 AN IMPACT POINT, SCORE POINT? 1219 00:54:16,786 --> 00:54:27,030 I DON'T KNOW HOW OFTEN AT THE 1220 00:54:27,097 --> 00:54:28,331 PROGRAM LEVEL THEY GO WITH THIS 1221 00:54:28,398 --> 00:54:30,133 ONE IS CHEAPER AND IS THAT 1222 00:54:30,200 --> 00:54:31,968 COMMON AND IS THAT STILL A 1223 00:54:32,035 --> 00:54:33,169 PROGRAM LEVEL THING OR MOVE UP 1224 00:54:33,236 --> 00:54:34,437 TO REVIEW LEVEL PROCESS? 1225 00:54:34,504 --> 00:54:37,107 >> GOOD QUESTION. 1226 00:54:37,173 --> 00:54:39,142 I THINK OUR POLICY HAS BEEN IN 1227 00:54:39,209 --> 00:54:40,510 TERMS OF THE PAY LINE GRANTS 1228 00:54:40,577 --> 00:54:46,049 THAT WE DON'T GET INTO THAT. 1229 00:54:46,116 --> 00:54:47,817 WE FEEL THAT IF IT MEETS THE PAY 1230 00:54:47,884 --> 00:54:54,758 LINE, WE'RE GOING TO PAY IT. 1231 00:54:54,824 --> 00:54:57,293 SO, IN THIS INSTANCE IF IT'S 1232 00:54:57,360 --> 00:55:00,730 OVER 500K DIRECT COSTS WE NEED A 1233 00:55:00,797 --> 00:55:02,532 BETTER PAY LINE BUT WE'RE NOT 1234 00:55:02,599 --> 00:55:03,700 GOING TO SAY THIS ONE'S A LITTLE 1235 00:55:03,767 --> 00:55:05,635 BIT MORE EXPENSIVE SO WE'RE NOT 1236 00:55:05,702 --> 00:55:06,302 GOING TO PAY. 1237 00:55:06,369 --> 00:55:09,005 I THINK WE'RE TRYING TO 1238 00:55:09,072 --> 00:55:10,373 ESTABLISH A POLICY, STICK WITH 1239 00:55:10,440 --> 00:55:12,108 THE POLICY AND GO WITH WHAT PEER 1240 00:55:12,175 --> 00:55:13,043 REVIEW SAYS. 1241 00:55:13,109 --> 00:55:15,612 I WOULD SAY THAT THE OTHER THING 1242 00:55:15,679 --> 00:55:18,615 TO NOTE IS THAT ALL ALONG THE 1243 00:55:18,682 --> 00:55:23,687 POLICY AT NIH OVER ALL IS THAT 1244 00:55:23,753 --> 00:55:26,056 FOR ANY GRANT IT HAS TO GET 1245 00:55:26,122 --> 00:55:27,223 APPROVED TO COME IN. 1246 00:55:27,290 --> 00:55:29,092 WE HAVE HAD THAT PROCESS GOING 1247 00:55:29,159 --> 00:55:29,325 ON. 1248 00:55:29,392 --> 00:55:31,061 THERE'S MORE OF THOSE COMING IN 1249 00:55:31,127 --> 00:55:36,032 NOW THAN YOU CAN IMAGINE IT'S 1250 00:55:36,099 --> 00:55:37,934 MORE EXPENSIVE AND THAT'S WHERE 1251 00:55:38,001 --> 00:55:38,802 IT'S GETTING A LITTLE 1252 00:55:38,868 --> 00:55:39,669 NERVE-RACKING BECAUSE WE'RE 1253 00:55:39,736 --> 00:55:41,604 LOOKING AND SAYING WELL, IT'S 1254 00:55:41,671 --> 00:55:42,872 REALLY GOOD BUT IT'S EXPENSIVE. 1255 00:55:42,939 --> 00:55:50,113 SHOULD WE LET IT COME IN? 1256 00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:51,948 I PREFER THE SYSTEM OF GOING TO 1257 00:55:52,015 --> 00:55:54,184 REVIEW AND SEEING WHAT THE SCORE 1258 00:55:54,250 --> 00:55:55,085 IS THEN ME SAYING I DON'T LIKE 1259 00:55:55,151 --> 00:56:00,323 THAT ONE. 1260 00:56:00,390 --> 00:56:04,961 I FEEL PERFECTLY CONFIDENT DOING 1261 00:56:05,028 --> 00:56:06,396 IT BUT I DON'T THINK YOU WANT 1262 00:56:06,463 --> 00:56:08,264 SOMEBODY MAKING THOSE DECISIONS. 1263 00:56:08,331 --> 00:56:12,202 PEER REVIEW IS WHAT WE SHOULD 1264 00:56:12,268 --> 00:56:12,502 STICK WITH. 1265 00:56:12,569 --> 00:56:14,938 OKAY. 1266 00:56:15,004 --> 00:56:17,407 I WANT TO TALK AND MENTION ONE 1267 00:56:17,474 --> 00:56:23,346 MORE -- SORRY. 1268 00:56:23,413 --> 00:56:24,514 >> THANK YOU. 1269 00:56:24,581 --> 00:56:26,983 WITH RESPECT TO THE BUDGET 1270 00:56:27,050 --> 00:56:29,085 AGAIN, BUDGET IS NOT A SCORE 1271 00:56:29,152 --> 00:56:31,321 DRIVING POINT OF PEER REVIEW. 1272 00:56:31,387 --> 00:56:34,390 BUT I DO THINK THERE'S OFTEN 1273 00:56:34,457 --> 00:56:35,592 TIMES CASES WHERE WHEN REVIEWING 1274 00:56:35,658 --> 00:56:37,727 A GRANT, YES, OVER ALL IT'S VERY 1275 00:56:37,794 --> 00:56:38,995 GOOD BUT THERE'S A COMPONENT 1276 00:56:39,062 --> 00:56:42,165 THAT IS EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE AND 1277 00:56:42,232 --> 00:56:43,633 MAYBE UNNECESSARY. 1278 00:56:43,700 --> 00:56:46,503 HAS THERE BEEN ANY THOUGHT ABOUT 1279 00:56:46,569 --> 00:56:49,072 HAVING RATHER THAN JUST ACROSS 1280 00:56:49,139 --> 00:56:51,007 THE BOARD STANDARD BUDGET CUT 1281 00:56:51,074 --> 00:56:55,245 AND SPENDING MORE TIME LOOKING 1282 00:56:55,311 --> 00:56:58,848 AT VERY GOOD COMPONENTS OF 1283 00:56:58,915 --> 00:56:59,816 FUNDING GRANTS MORE EXPENSIVE 1284 00:56:59,883 --> 00:57:00,450 AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT PART OF 1285 00:57:00,517 --> 00:57:03,453 IT. 1286 00:57:03,520 --> 00:57:05,321 >> RIGHT. 1287 00:57:05,388 --> 00:57:08,324 SO OUR PROGRAM PEOPLE DO THAT 1288 00:57:08,391 --> 00:57:14,998 AND SO IT'S NOT UNCOMMON THAT A 1289 00:57:15,064 --> 00:57:16,099 GRANT WILL COME IN AND THEY'LL 1290 00:57:16,166 --> 00:57:17,400 DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF MONEY 1291 00:57:17,467 --> 00:57:19,903 THEY'RE GOING TO GET. 1292 00:57:19,969 --> 00:57:21,971 MAYBE CHANGE SOMETHING THEY WERE 1293 00:57:22,038 --> 00:57:25,141 DOING. 1294 00:57:25,208 --> 00:57:27,510 THAT HAPPENS I THINK WE DON'T 1295 00:57:27,577 --> 00:57:29,946 WANT TO BE HEAVY HANDED ABOUT IT 1296 00:57:30,013 --> 00:57:33,183 BUT THAT DEFINITELY OCCURS. 1297 00:57:33,249 --> 00:57:37,720 I THINK WE'D LIKE TO STAY AWAY 1298 00:57:37,787 --> 00:57:39,756 FROM MICROMANAGING FOLKS. 1299 00:57:39,823 --> 00:57:40,323 >> OKAY. 1300 00:57:40,390 --> 00:57:43,459 I WOULD ADD SO IN THE REVIEW 1301 00:57:43,526 --> 00:57:45,728 ASPECT UNLESS IT'S A CONSENSUS 1302 00:57:45,795 --> 00:57:47,564 OPINION IT DIDN'T MAKE WHAT THEY 1303 00:57:47,630 --> 00:57:49,465 CALL THE ADMINISTRATIVE NOTE FOR 1304 00:57:49,532 --> 00:57:50,667 A CUT. 1305 00:57:50,733 --> 00:57:53,102 IF IT DOES, WE GENERALLY HONOR 1306 00:57:53,169 --> 00:57:54,337 THAT. 1307 00:57:54,404 --> 00:57:56,105 SO IF THE PANEL DO THING THINK 1308 00:57:56,172 --> 00:57:57,340 THERE'S SOMETHING EXCESSIVE FROM 1309 00:57:57,407 --> 00:58:05,014 IN THE GRANT AND AGREE ON IT AND 1310 00:58:05,081 --> 00:58:14,557 ASK FOR CONSENSUS MAKES IT 1311 00:58:14,624 --> 00:58:14,924 [INDISCERNIBLE] 1312 00:58:14,991 --> 00:58:16,025 >> THERE'S CERTAIN TYPES THAT 1313 00:58:16,092 --> 00:58:18,528 ARE MORE EXPENSIVE AND THAT'S 1314 00:58:18,595 --> 00:58:20,730 WHERE THE UNFAIRNESS COMES. 1315 00:58:20,797 --> 00:58:23,433 AND FIGURE OUT HOW TO DEVELOP A 1316 00:58:23,499 --> 00:58:32,041 POLICY THAT ADJUSTS FOR THAT. 1317 00:58:32,108 --> 00:58:34,944 THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM ARE IN A 1318 00:58:35,011 --> 00:58:35,845 SIMILAR BOAT. 1319 00:58:35,912 --> 00:58:37,313 THEY HAVE A BUDGET THAT'S CAPPED 1320 00:58:37,380 --> 00:58:39,015 AND DON'T HAVE OPTIONS. 1321 00:58:39,082 --> 00:58:40,516 THEY HAVE SOME OPTIONS TO GET 1322 00:58:40,583 --> 00:58:42,318 OUTSIDE MONEY BUT IT'S PRETTY 1323 00:58:42,385 --> 00:58:42,552 LIMITED. 1324 00:58:42,619 --> 00:58:46,489 SO THE MONEY THAT'S AVAILABLE 1325 00:58:46,556 --> 00:58:49,826 FOR THEIR SCIENCE PROJECTS IS 1326 00:58:49,893 --> 00:58:51,094 DECREASING NOT -- WELL, 1327 00:58:51,160 --> 00:58:52,695 INFLATION IS ONE OF THE BIG 1328 00:58:52,762 --> 00:58:56,933 ONES, OF COURSE, BUT ALSO THE 1329 00:58:57,000 --> 00:58:59,302 INTRAMURAL BUDGET GETS TAPPED TO 1330 00:58:59,369 --> 00:59:00,536 SUPPORT EVERYTHING THAT GOES ON 1331 00:59:00,603 --> 00:59:04,007 AT NIH IN BETHESDA AND THE 1332 00:59:04,073 --> 00:59:05,642 CLINICAL CENTER FOR INSTANCE. 1333 00:59:05,708 --> 00:59:09,012 SO THEIR TAPS GO UP EVEN IN A 1334 00:59:09,078 --> 00:59:12,515 FLAT BUDGET SITUATION. 1335 00:59:12,582 --> 00:59:14,017 ABOUT $5.8 MILLION A YEAR. 1336 00:59:14,083 --> 00:59:16,719 THEY WERE GIVEN RELIEF IN 2024. 1337 00:59:16,786 --> 00:59:21,157 WE TOOK OVER THE ADMIN COSTS 1338 00:59:21,224 --> 00:59:22,959 WERE $4 MILLION BUT ARE NOT 1339 00:59:23,026 --> 00:59:25,094 GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT 1340 00:59:25,161 --> 00:59:26,496 AGAIN UNTIL 2025. 1341 00:59:26,562 --> 00:59:31,034 SO THEY'RE ALSO LOOKING AT 1342 00:59:31,100 --> 00:59:33,002 POTENTIALLY SHRINKING THEIR 1343 00:59:33,069 --> 00:59:36,739 PROFILE FOR LAY-UP. 1344 00:59:36,806 --> 00:59:43,212 THEY'VE DONE A WHOLE BUNCH OF 1345 00:59:43,279 --> 00:59:44,147 THINGS TO NOT DECREASE THE 1346 00:59:44,213 --> 00:59:45,715 SCIENCE BUDGETS TO THE P.I.s. 1347 00:59:45,782 --> 00:59:49,085 I THINK THEY'LL GET BY IN '24 1348 00:59:49,152 --> 00:59:55,491 PUT MORE DIFFICULT IN '25 DUE TO 1349 00:59:55,558 --> 01:00:02,432 THE INCREASE IN THE TAPS AND NO 1350 01:00:02,498 --> 01:00:03,900 IN THE BUDGET. 1351 01:00:03,967 --> 01:00:07,770 THAT'S THE END OF THE BUDGET 1352 01:00:07,837 --> 01:00:10,373 TALKING AND WE HAVE OTHER 1353 01:00:10,440 --> 01:00:18,915 REPORTS AND HEAL WE GET $10 1354 01:00:18,982 --> 01:00:21,751 MILLION ADDITIONAL FUNDS AND IT 1355 01:00:21,818 --> 01:00:24,120 WAS RUN FROM THE OFFICE OF THE 1356 01:00:24,187 --> 01:00:26,589 DIRECTOR, DR. COLLINS AND 1357 01:00:26,656 --> 01:00:27,857 DR. TABAK RAN IT FOR THE FIRST 1358 01:00:27,924 --> 01:00:30,793 FIVE YEARS AND THEN MOVED TO THE 1359 01:00:30,860 --> 01:00:32,996 INSTITUTES, NINDS, NATIONAL 1360 01:00:33,062 --> 01:00:35,698 INSTITUTE OF DRUG ABUSE AND SO 1361 01:00:35,765 --> 01:00:37,066 ON THE PAIN SIDE IT'S A LITTLE 1362 01:00:37,133 --> 01:00:38,835 DIFFERENT THAN ON THE DRUG ABUSE 1363 01:00:38,901 --> 01:00:40,103 SIDE BECAUSE THERE'S AN 1364 01:00:40,169 --> 01:00:42,405 INSTITUTE FOR DRUG ABUSE BUT NO 1365 01:00:42,472 --> 01:00:45,008 INSTITUTE FOR PAIN BUT HEAL HAS 1366 01:00:45,074 --> 01:00:47,543 BEEN AMAZING TO BRING ALL THE 1367 01:00:47,610 --> 01:00:48,978 INSTITUTES TOGETHER TO DO THINGS 1368 01:00:49,045 --> 01:00:55,118 THAT NO ONE COULD DO ALONE IN 1369 01:00:55,184 --> 01:00:58,855 PAIN RESEARCH. 1370 01:00:58,921 --> 01:00:59,689 WE'RE PLANNING A STRATEGIC PLAN 1371 01:00:59,756 --> 01:01:01,491 TO HELP US LOOK FOR THE FUTURE 1372 01:01:01,557 --> 01:01:04,460 AND THIS IS IN THE BASE OFF THE 1373 01:01:04,527 --> 01:01:11,200 BUDGET AND PLEASED ROB JEREAUX 1374 01:01:11,267 --> 01:01:13,069 VOLUNTEERED TO WORK WITH THIS 1375 01:01:13,136 --> 01:01:15,304 AND WILL DEVELOP A WORKING GROUP 1376 01:01:15,371 --> 01:01:20,176 COUNCIL AND BRING THE STRATEGIC 1377 01:01:20,243 --> 01:01:21,310 PLAN BACK AND THEN IT WILL BE 1378 01:01:21,377 --> 01:01:23,379 WITH THE OTHER INSTITUTES THAT 1379 01:01:23,446 --> 01:01:28,051 ARE 14 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS IN 1380 01:01:28,117 --> 01:01:30,053 THE PAIN GROUP FOR HEAL AND 1381 01:01:30,119 --> 01:01:31,587 COORDINATED WITH THE STRATEGIC 1382 01:01:31,654 --> 01:01:33,790 PLAN FOR THE OPIOID CRISIS THAT 1383 01:01:33,856 --> 01:01:41,864 COMES OUT OF NIDA. 1384 01:01:41,931 --> 01:01:45,435 THE OTHER THING TO MENTION IS 1385 01:01:45,501 --> 01:01:46,836 THERE'S AN INTERESTING AMBITIOUS 1386 01:01:46,903 --> 01:01:48,871 PROGRAM WE'RE EMBARKING ON IN 1387 01:01:48,938 --> 01:01:50,540 THE HEAL INITIATIVE WHICH IS TO 1388 01:01:50,606 --> 01:01:54,177 ADDRESS THE HIGH RATES OF OPIOID 1389 01:01:54,243 --> 01:01:56,746 OVERUSE DEATHS AND CHRONIC PAIN 1390 01:01:56,813 --> 01:01:59,382 THAT OCCURS IN NATIVE AMERICAN 1391 01:01:59,449 --> 01:01:59,816 COMMUNITIES. 1392 01:01:59,882 --> 01:02:04,087 YOU SEE ON THE LEFT THE OPIOID 1393 01:02:04,153 --> 01:02:08,991 OVERDOSE DEATHS AND THEY'RE THE 1394 01:02:09,058 --> 01:02:11,461 WORSE GROUP IS AMERICAN INDIAN, 1395 01:02:11,527 --> 01:02:11,928 AMERICAN NATIVES. 1396 01:02:11,994 --> 01:02:12,895 IF YOU LOOK AT CHRONIC PAIN YOU 1397 01:02:12,962 --> 01:02:14,263 SEE THE SAME THING. 1398 01:02:14,330 --> 01:02:19,535 SO WORKING WITH NIDA WE HAVE A 1399 01:02:19,602 --> 01:02:25,074 PLAN WHICH HAS ALREADY BEEN 1400 01:02:25,141 --> 01:02:31,114 REVIEWED AND THE PLAN IS TO LOOK 1401 01:02:31,180 --> 01:02:32,615 AT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN 1402 01:02:32,682 --> 01:02:34,217 RESEARCH AND FUND THREE PROGRAMS 1403 01:02:34,283 --> 01:02:38,554 THAT WILL COORDINATE ACTIVITIAC, 1404 01:02:38,621 --> 01:02:41,090 GIVE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE 1405 01:02:41,157 --> 01:02:45,828 TRIBAL NATIONS AS WITH IT -- AS 1406 01:02:45,895 --> 01:02:48,698 WE WORK WITH THEM TO DEVELOP 1407 01:02:48,764 --> 01:02:50,133 INITIATIVES IN THE SPACE. 1408 01:02:50,199 --> 01:02:52,969 WE'LL HEAR FROM BRUCE REED THE 1409 01:02:53,035 --> 01:02:57,006 DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER 1410 01:02:57,073 --> 01:02:58,307 FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW ABOUT THE 1411 01:02:58,374 --> 01:03:00,910 CHANGE IN THE PEER REVIEW 1412 01:03:00,977 --> 01:03:01,177 FRAMEWORK. 1413 01:03:01,244 --> 01:03:06,415 DR. NONI BURNS IS ILL TODAY AND 1414 01:03:06,482 --> 01:03:08,117 BRUCE REED HAS BEEN CLOSE TO THE 1415 01:03:08,184 --> 01:03:09,685 INSTITUTE AND THE DEPUTY 1416 01:03:09,752 --> 01:03:11,387 DIRECTOR THERE AND WILL BE ABLE 1417 01:03:11,454 --> 01:03:15,258 TO TALK TO US ON THE ISSUES. 1418 01:03:15,324 --> 01:03:20,696 THERE'S AN EXECUTIVE ORDER ON 1419 01:03:20,763 --> 01:03:22,832 ADVANCING WOMEN'S HEALTH 1420 01:03:22,899 --> 01:03:24,634 RESEARCH AND NIH IS HEAVILY 1421 01:03:24,700 --> 01:03:29,338 INVOLVED AND LOOKING TOWARD 1422 01:03:29,405 --> 01:03:31,574 DEVELOPING AMBITIOUS PROJECTS 1423 01:03:31,641 --> 01:03:32,408 IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH. 1424 01:03:32,475 --> 01:03:33,676 RIGHT NOW THERE WAS NOT THE 1425 01:03:33,743 --> 01:03:35,811 FUNDING BUT THE HOPE IS THE 1426 01:03:35,878 --> 01:03:37,914 FUNDING WILL BE COMING IN YEARS. 1427 01:03:37,980 --> 01:03:39,582 THERE'S A NOTICE OF SPECIAL 1428 01:03:39,649 --> 01:03:40,883 INTEREST NOW FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH 1429 01:03:40,950 --> 01:03:43,686 RESEARCH THAT'S OUT AND THIS IS 1430 01:03:43,753 --> 01:03:45,988 SOMETHING DR. MONICA BERTAGNOLLI 1431 01:03:46,055 --> 01:03:48,090 THE NIH DIRECTOR IS PUSHING 1432 01:03:48,157 --> 01:03:48,524 HARD. 1433 01:03:48,591 --> 01:03:51,460 IN ADDITION TO THE TOP 1434 01:03:51,527 --> 01:03:53,529 PRIORITIES IS TO TRY TO 1435 01:03:53,596 --> 01:03:56,799 ESTABLISH A PRIMARY CARE 1436 01:03:56,866 --> 01:03:57,366 RESEARCH NETWORK IN THE 1437 01:03:57,433 --> 01:04:03,072 U.S. BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT OUR 1438 01:04:03,139 --> 01:04:08,411 COUNTRY'S HEALTH IT RANKS POORLY 1439 01:04:08,477 --> 01:04:10,613 COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES AND 1440 01:04:10,680 --> 01:04:13,482 LACKING IN PREVENTATIVE CARE AND 1441 01:04:13,549 --> 01:04:18,955 THAT'S DONE PRIMARILY PRIMARY 1442 01:04:19,021 --> 01:04:23,826 CARE AND RESEARCH DONE IN 1443 01:04:23,893 --> 01:04:24,860 NEUROLOGY OR SURGERY. 1444 01:04:24,927 --> 01:04:26,796 THAT WOULD BE PERSON TO PULL 1445 01:04:26,862 --> 01:04:27,296 OFF. 1446 01:04:27,363 --> 01:04:29,565 THEY'RE GOING TO PUT IN $5 1447 01:04:29,632 --> 01:04:33,302 MILLION IN '24, $25 MILLION IN 1448 01:04:33,369 --> 01:04:39,208 '25 AND HOPEFULLY APPROPRIATIONS 1449 01:04:39,275 --> 01:04:46,082 OF LARGER AMOUNTS. 1450 01:04:46,148 --> 01:04:50,987 THERE'S A FUN ANNOUNCEMENT THAT 1451 01:04:51,053 --> 01:04:56,859 THANKS TO THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH 1452 01:04:56,926 --> 01:05:03,165 QUALITY WE'VE MADE MAJOR STRIDES 1453 01:05:03,232 --> 01:05:05,067 IN THE QUALITY OF RESEARCH AND 1454 01:05:05,134 --> 01:05:09,005 THE OFFICE PUT OUT A PRIZE 1455 01:05:09,071 --> 01:05:11,641 COMPETITION AND THE PRIZES FOR 1456 01:05:11,707 --> 01:05:13,643 RIGOR CHAMPIONS AND HATS OFF TO 1457 01:05:13,709 --> 01:05:17,079 THESE FOLKS CHO ARE REALLY DOING 1458 01:05:17,146 --> 01:05:18,214 GOOD WORK UP THEIR INSTITUTIONS 1459 01:05:18,281 --> 01:05:21,017 TO I AM IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF 1460 01:05:21,083 --> 01:05:29,959 THE SCIENCE THEY DO THERE. 1461 01:05:30,026 --> 01:05:36,299 WE HAD THE ME/CFS ROAD MAP AND 1462 01:05:36,365 --> 01:05:38,334 WILL BRING A REPORT FOR 1463 01:05:38,401 --> 01:05:43,339 DISCUSSION AND APPROVAL LATER 1464 01:05:43,406 --> 01:05:44,907 TODAY AND AGAIN CLOSELY TIED TO 1465 01:05:44,974 --> 01:05:45,675 THE LONG COVID PROBLEM. 1466 01:05:45,741 --> 01:05:52,181 I WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT THAT THE 1467 01:05:52,248 --> 01:05:57,019 INTRAMURAL PROGRAM DID A SMALL 1468 01:05:57,086 --> 01:06:07,630 NUMBER OF STUDIES GOING THROUGH 1469 01:06:08,831 --> 01:06:10,733 FINDINGS AND HAD TANTALIZING 1470 01:06:10,800 --> 01:06:11,867 RESULTS THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED 1471 01:06:11,934 --> 01:06:14,203 UP AND ON THE NEXT SLIDE TO 1472 01:06:14,270 --> 01:06:17,907 STATE BECAUSE OF THIS WORK AND 1473 01:06:17,973 --> 01:06:20,876 OTHER WORK DONE IN COVID AND 1474 01:06:20,943 --> 01:06:22,845 IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS 1475 01:06:22,912 --> 01:06:24,680 DISEASE, HE WAS NAMED TO THE TOP 1476 01:06:24,747 --> 01:06:27,116 100 INDIVIDUALS WHO MOST 1477 01:06:27,183 --> 01:06:28,851 INFLUENCE GLOBAL HEALTH. 1478 01:06:28,918 --> 01:06:30,252 HOPEFULLY HE'LL GET HIS PICTURE 1479 01:06:30,319 --> 01:06:32,822 ON TIME MAGAZINE FOR THIS BUT 1480 01:06:32,888 --> 01:06:38,594 WE'RE PROUD OF AVI AND THE WORK 1481 01:06:38,661 --> 01:06:46,302 HE DOES AND THAT'S THE END EF 1482 01:06:46,369 --> 01:06:48,204 THIS DIRECTOR'S REPORT AND HAPPY 1483 01:06:48,270 --> 01:06:49,739 TO OPEN UP TO OTHER THOUGHTS OR 1484 01:06:49,805 --> 01:07:00,149 QUESTIONS OR ADVICE. 1485 01:07:04,687 --> 01:07:05,388 >> THANK YOU. 1486 01:07:05,454 --> 01:07:09,024 THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE 1487 01:07:09,091 --> 01:07:14,830 PLAN IS EXCELLENT. 1488 01:07:14,897 --> 01:07:21,036 IS IS ALZHEIMER'S AFFECTS WOMEN 1489 01:07:21,103 --> 01:07:24,039 MORE THAN MEN AND WILL BE CARVED 1490 01:07:24,106 --> 01:07:24,340 OUT? 1491 01:07:24,407 --> 01:07:25,708 >> I'M NOT SURE IN THE BEGINNING 1492 01:07:25,775 --> 01:07:26,909 STARTING OUT THEY'RE LOOKING AT 1493 01:07:26,976 --> 01:07:28,411 WHAT THE OTHER INSTITUTES ARE 1494 01:07:28,477 --> 01:07:33,549 ALREADY DOING IN THE SPACE AND 1495 01:07:33,616 --> 01:07:36,419 TRYING TO COORDINATE THERE MAY 1496 01:07:36,485 --> 01:07:40,122 BE PROGRAMS WE CAN LOOK INTO FOR 1497 01:07:40,189 --> 01:07:43,459 ALZHEIMER'S OR MULTIPLE 1498 01:07:43,526 --> 01:07:45,127 SCLEROSIS WHICH AFFECTS WOMEN 1499 01:07:45,194 --> 01:07:48,898 AND ME/CFS AFFECTS WOMEN, 1500 01:07:48,964 --> 01:07:50,266 CHRONIC PAIN, MIGRAINE JUST TO 1501 01:07:50,332 --> 01:07:51,400 NAME A FEW. 1502 01:07:51,467 --> 01:07:56,105 WE'RE LOOKING FOR OPPORTUNITIES 1503 01:07:56,172 --> 01:08:00,009 TO LOOK INTO WHAT COULD BE AN 1504 01:08:00,075 --> 01:08:01,744 IMPORTANT PROGRAM ACROSS NIH. 1505 01:08:01,811 --> 01:08:12,354 THE JURY'S OUT ON THAT QUESTION. 1506 01:08:14,790 --> 01:08:23,265 >> OTHER QUESTIONS? 1507 01:08:23,332 --> 01:08:24,867 >> THIS WAS DATA WE DISCUSSED 1508 01:08:24,934 --> 01:08:29,872 PREVIOUSLY AND YOU THOUGHT ABOUT 1509 01:08:29,939 --> 01:08:35,277 IT AND BUDGET WISE THERE'S AN 1510 01:08:35,344 --> 01:08:38,881 IDEA WE DISCUSSED ABOUT MAKING 1511 01:08:38,948 --> 01:08:40,082 STEEPER ADMINISTRATIVE CUTS IN 1512 01:08:40,149 --> 01:08:41,584 ORDER TO MAINTAIN PAY LINE. 1513 01:08:41,650 --> 01:08:43,452 I THINK THE THOUGHT HAD BEEN YOU 1514 01:08:43,519 --> 01:08:44,854 WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO SAVE ENOUGH 1515 01:08:44,920 --> 01:08:45,888 MONEY BY DOING THAT AND WOULD 1516 01:08:45,955 --> 01:08:50,726 HAVE TO REDUCE THE PAY LINE. 1517 01:08:50,793 --> 01:08:52,795 SO BRINGING UP AGAIN NOW WITH 1518 01:08:52,862 --> 01:08:58,000 THE REALITY THAT WE'RE IN WITH 1519 01:08:58,067 --> 01:08:59,435 THE BUDGET AND PERHAPS THE NEXT 1520 01:08:59,502 --> 01:09:01,303 ONE, IS THERE THOUGHT ABOUT THAT 1521 01:09:01,370 --> 01:09:11,881 REVISITING THE IDEA OF MAKING 1522 01:09:15,784 --> 01:09:17,219 AND IS THERE STILL -- OR IS IT 1523 01:09:17,286 --> 01:09:21,023 WORTH REVISITING THE IDEA OF 1524 01:09:21,090 --> 01:09:23,759 MAKING STEEPER CUTS TO OUT YEARS 1525 01:09:23,826 --> 01:09:25,261 FOR EXAMPLE IN ORDER TO AT LEAST 1526 01:09:25,327 --> 01:09:27,029 MAINTAIN OR MAYBE INCREASE THE 1527 01:09:27,096 --> 01:09:35,905 PAY LINE? 1528 01:09:35,971 --> 01:09:38,908 THE PROBLEM WITH THAT IS IT MAY 1529 01:09:38,974 --> 01:09:39,308 HAPPEN. 1530 01:09:39,375 --> 01:09:41,911 WE'D LIKE NOT TO DO IT BUT WE 1531 01:09:41,977 --> 01:09:43,479 WOULDN'T WANT TO DO IT THIS YEAR 1532 01:09:43,546 --> 01:09:45,014 BECAUSE ONCE YOU DO IT YOU CAN'T 1533 01:09:45,080 --> 01:09:48,050 DO IT AGAIN AND THEN YOU HIT THE 1534 01:09:48,117 --> 01:09:48,284 25%. 1535 01:09:48,350 --> 01:09:50,986 SO WE'RE AT 20.5%. 1536 01:09:51,053 --> 01:09:53,522 YOU GET TO 25% YOU HAVE TO REDO 1537 01:09:53,589 --> 01:09:55,858 THE SPECIFIC AIM OF THE GRANT 1538 01:09:55,925 --> 01:09:56,725 WHICH COULD BE PROBABLY NOT 1539 01:09:56,792 --> 01:10:06,969 POSSIBLE. 1540 01:10:07,202 --> 01:10:09,939 RATE NOW WE'RE HOPING TO STICK 1541 01:10:10,005 --> 01:10:12,575 WITH THE 2025, 11 PERCENTILE. 1542 01:10:12,641 --> 01:10:15,010 YOUR QUESTION IS IF WE WENT UP 1543 01:10:15,077 --> 01:10:21,784 ANOTHER 3% TO 23.5% CUT WE WOULD 1544 01:10:21,850 --> 01:10:27,156 THEN GET ANOTHER 1% TO 2% 1545 01:10:27,222 --> 01:10:37,433 PERCENTILE. 1546 01:10:39,101 --> 01:10:44,173 ONE OF THE PROBLEMS IS THE 1547 01:10:44,239 --> 01:10:48,477 COMMITMENT BASE SOMETHING ABOUT 1548 01:10:48,544 --> 01:10:50,179 TRYING TO FLIP THAT, HOLD THAT 1549 01:10:50,245 --> 01:10:50,779 STEADY. 1550 01:10:50,846 --> 01:10:53,015 YOUR QUESTION IS ABOUT THE 1551 01:10:53,082 --> 01:10:55,618 RETURNING AND AS ROBERT MENTIONS 1552 01:10:55,684 --> 01:10:59,221 UNDER C.R. WE RELEASE AT 90% AND 1553 01:10:59,288 --> 01:11:02,925 RESTORE AS MUCH AS WE CAN. 1554 01:11:02,992 --> 01:11:05,127 THEORETICALLY, AS WE DO THE MATH 1555 01:11:05,194 --> 01:11:07,396 THAT IS UNDER DISCUSSION USUALLY 1556 01:11:07,463 --> 01:11:11,033 AND THE GOAL IS TO GIVE BACK AS 1557 01:11:11,100 --> 01:11:12,334 MUCH AS THE 10% OF THE FOLKS. 1558 01:11:12,401 --> 01:11:13,035 IT'S NOT SOMETHING WE DON'T LOOK 1559 01:11:13,102 --> 01:11:23,178 AT. 1560 01:11:33,022 --> 01:11:34,657 >> I DID MENTION ONCE WE GET 1561 01:11:34,723 --> 01:11:36,025 RELIEF WHAT WE'D LIKE TO DO IS 1562 01:11:36,091 --> 01:11:39,895 GET THE REGULAR PAY LINE TO 14 1563 01:11:39,962 --> 01:11:43,098 AND PROBABLY GET THE SPLIT PAY 1564 01:11:43,165 --> 01:11:45,034 LINE BACK UP AND 14 AND 7 AND 1565 01:11:45,100 --> 01:11:49,071 TRY TO GET YOU BACK UP AND TRY 1566 01:11:49,138 --> 01:11:53,075 AND WORK ON THE OTHER CUTS FOR 1567 01:11:53,142 --> 01:12:03,385 SOME CEILING. 1568 01:12:06,922 --> 01:12:11,293 WE'LL HAVE A LIMIT AT 25. 1569 01:12:11,360 --> 01:12:12,327 '26 WHO KNOWS. 1570 01:12:12,394 --> 01:12:22,705 IT'S INTERESTING. 1571 01:12:30,979 --> 01:12:40,789 I THINK THE CHAMPIONS FOR NIH 1572 01:12:40,856 --> 01:12:46,095 MANY OF THOSE ARE RETIRED AND 1573 01:12:46,161 --> 01:12:49,531 THE VALUE OF NIH RESEARCH IS NOT 1574 01:12:49,598 --> 01:12:54,403 UNIFORMLY RECOGNIZED ACROSS THE 1575 01:12:54,470 --> 01:12:55,471 COUNTRY. 1576 01:12:55,537 --> 01:12:57,072 SO, I THINK THE ONE THING WE 1577 01:12:57,139 --> 01:12:58,874 SHOULD ALL BE THINKING ABOUT IS 1578 01:12:58,941 --> 01:13:00,509 HOW TO BEST COMMUNICATE THE 1579 01:13:00,576 --> 01:13:02,711 VALUE OF THIS INVESTMENT IN NIH 1580 01:13:02,778 --> 01:13:04,546 AND THE PROCESSES. 1581 01:13:04,613 --> 01:13:07,816 AND THAT MEANS TALKING TO PEOPLE 1582 01:13:07,883 --> 01:13:09,418 WHO DON'T NECESSARILY AGREE WITH 1583 01:13:09,485 --> 01:13:11,520 US TO TRY AND CONVINCE THEM OF 1584 01:13:11,587 --> 01:13:16,792 THE VALUE AND THAT'S SOMETHING 1585 01:13:16,859 --> 01:13:19,695 THAT I THINK I'LL TAKE ANY 1586 01:13:19,762 --> 01:13:21,330 OPPORTUNITY I CAN TO TALK TO ANY 1587 01:13:21,396 --> 01:13:23,232 GROUP ABOUT WHAT WE'RE DOING. 1588 01:13:23,298 --> 01:13:28,837 WE CAN'T ELICIT FUNDS TO ANYBODY 1589 01:13:28,904 --> 01:13:31,206 BUT I THINK YOU GUYS 1590 01:13:31,273 --> 01:13:34,109 PARTICULARLY HAVE THE ABILITY TO 1591 01:13:34,176 --> 01:13:44,686 MAKE -- GET THAT MESSAGE OUT. 1592 01:13:46,054 --> 01:13:47,489 WHEN SOMETHING COMES UP LIKE 1593 01:13:47,556 --> 01:13:48,957 THIS THERE'S A LOT OF COMMOTION 1594 01:13:49,024 --> 01:13:49,925 ON THE OUTSIDE AND DEAD QUIET ON 1595 01:13:49,992 --> 01:13:57,533 THE INSIDE. 1596 01:13:57,599 --> 01:13:59,368 NOT SURE THE UNIVERSITIES ARE 1597 01:13:59,434 --> 01:14:00,836 SLEEPING OR DIDN'T THINK THERE 1598 01:14:00,903 --> 01:14:01,436 WAS SOMETHING THAT THEY COULD 1599 01:14:01,503 --> 01:14:03,038 TACKLE. 1600 01:14:03,105 --> 01:14:12,915 DISEASE GROUPS SAME THING. 1601 01:14:12,981 --> 01:14:14,016 AS THE BEEN TOUGH TIMES IN THE 1602 01:14:14,082 --> 01:14:14,650 PAST. 1603 01:14:14,716 --> 01:14:17,920 PEOPLE IN THE FIELD LONG ENOUGH 1604 01:14:17,986 --> 01:14:19,655 KNOW THE NIH BUDGET ALWAYS GOES 1605 01:14:19,721 --> 01:14:20,789 UP AND DOWN. 1606 01:14:20,856 --> 01:14:31,233 WE'LL GET THROUGH IT. 1607 01:14:31,533 --> 01:14:32,034 >> HELLO. 1608 01:14:32,100 --> 01:14:35,470 I WANTED TO REITERATE AND 1609 01:14:35,537 --> 01:14:37,306 UNDERLINE AND PUT IN ALL CAPS 1610 01:14:37,372 --> 01:14:39,041 WHAT YOU JUST SAID, 1611 01:14:39,107 --> 01:14:41,143 DR. KOROSHETZ IS I THINK WE 1612 01:14:41,210 --> 01:14:42,444 DON'T REALIZE AS SCIENTISTS HOW 1613 01:14:42,511 --> 01:14:47,182 IMPORTANT IT IS TO TALK TO THE 1614 01:14:47,249 --> 01:14:48,517 PUBLIC ABOUT WHAT WE'RE DOING 1615 01:14:48,584 --> 01:14:49,952 AND THE IMPORTANCE OF IT. 1616 01:14:50,018 --> 01:14:53,088 AND INSTEAD WHAT GETS HEADLINES 1617 01:14:53,155 --> 01:14:56,058 IS THE LACK OF RIGOR OR 1618 01:14:56,124 --> 01:14:57,693 DISAGREEMENT IF ONE SCIENTIST 1619 01:14:57,759 --> 01:14:58,560 FINDS ONE THING AND ANOTHER 1620 01:14:58,627 --> 01:15:00,028 FINDS ANOTHER. 1621 01:15:00,095 --> 01:15:02,664 AND WE'RE NOT MAKING HEADLINES 1622 01:15:02,731 --> 01:15:05,634 AS MUCH AS WE SHOULD ABOUT THE 1623 01:15:05,701 --> 01:15:06,935 AMAZING THINGS THAT WE ARE 1624 01:15:07,002 --> 01:15:09,938 DISCOVERING THE TAXPAYERS MONEY 1625 01:15:10,005 --> 01:15:14,943 IS FUNDING AND THE ADVANCES 1626 01:15:15,010 --> 01:15:17,312 WE'RE MAKING. 1627 01:15:17,379 --> 01:15:20,315 COMPARED TO 20, 30, 40, 50 YEARS 1628 01:15:20,382 --> 01:15:21,283 AGO IT'S A LONG-TERM INVESTMENT 1629 01:15:21,350 --> 01:15:24,653 AND NEED TO SHOW THE PUBLIC OUR 1630 01:15:24,720 --> 01:15:25,888 VALUE AND OUR WORTH. 1631 01:15:25,954 --> 01:15:27,189 WE PREACH TO THE CHOIR, WE TALK 1632 01:15:27,256 --> 01:15:29,791 TO EACH OTHER, WE WRITE OUR 1633 01:15:29,858 --> 01:15:32,027 PAPERS FOR EACH OTHER INSTEAD OF 1634 01:15:32,094 --> 01:15:36,899 ALLOWING THE PUBLIC TO SHARE IN 1635 01:15:36,965 --> 01:15:38,867 THE EXCITEMENT AND THE PROCESS 1636 01:15:38,934 --> 01:15:39,501 OF DISCOVERY. 1637 01:15:39,568 --> 01:15:42,671 I DON'T KNOW WHAT WE SHOULD DO 1638 01:15:42,738 --> 01:15:45,040 EXACTLY BUT I THINK WE NEED TO 1639 01:15:45,107 --> 01:15:49,845 START BUILDING IN TO OUR GRANT 1640 01:15:49,912 --> 01:15:51,280 MECHANISMS THIS PUBLIC FACING 1641 01:15:51,346 --> 01:15:54,583 PART OF WHAT REALLY IS OUR JOB 1642 01:15:54,650 --> 01:15:56,118 TO DISSEMINATE THIS INFORMATION 1643 01:15:56,184 --> 01:16:01,056 NOT JUST TALK TO EACH OTHER. 1644 01:16:01,123 --> 01:16:04,960 I INVITE ANYBODY TO RESPOND TO 1645 01:16:05,027 --> 01:16:05,994 ANY SPECIFIC IDEAS THAT YOU 1646 01:16:06,061 --> 01:16:06,295 WANT. 1647 01:16:06,361 --> 01:16:09,865 >> I HAVE LOTS OF IDEAS. 1648 01:16:09,932 --> 01:16:11,667 WE COULD TALK OFFLINE ABOUT 1649 01:16:11,733 --> 01:16:13,435 THIS, GINA BUT I THINK WE HAVE 1650 01:16:13,502 --> 01:16:13,969 TO DO SOMETHING. 1651 01:16:14,036 --> 01:16:14,536 WHATEVER WE'RE DOING IS NOT 1652 01:16:14,603 --> 01:16:23,645 WORKING. 1653 01:16:23,712 --> 01:16:28,083 AND WE TRIED TO GIVE INPUT BUT I 1654 01:16:28,150 --> 01:16:29,985 THINK -- I DON'T THINK THE 1655 01:16:30,052 --> 01:16:30,819 GOVERNMENT'S THE ANSWER HERE. 1656 01:16:30,886 --> 01:16:33,722 I THINK WE NEED TO BE PART OF 1657 01:16:33,789 --> 01:16:36,725 THE ANSWER BUT THE PEOPLE WHO 1658 01:16:36,792 --> 01:16:37,659 CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE ARE THE 1659 01:16:37,726 --> 01:16:40,095 PEOPLE WHO ARE TRUSTED IN THEIR 1660 01:16:40,162 --> 01:16:40,429 COMMUNITIES. 1661 01:16:40,495 --> 01:16:46,635 NOT THE PEOPLE IN THE BELTWAY. 1662 01:16:46,702 --> 01:16:49,938 WE CAN ONLY GO SO FAR BUT IT'S 1663 01:16:50,005 --> 01:16:52,808 GOT TO BE A GROUND-UP TYPE OF 1664 01:16:52,874 --> 01:16:54,142 APPROACH. 1665 01:16:54,209 --> 01:16:55,344 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 1666 01:16:55,410 --> 01:16:57,913 >> MESSENGERS AND MESSAGES AND 1667 01:16:57,980 --> 01:16:59,281 WE FUND PEOPLE AROUND THE 1668 01:16:59,348 --> 01:16:59,548 COUNTRY. 1669 01:16:59,614 --> 01:17:01,917 WE DO HAVE A LOT OF MESSAGES OUT 1670 01:17:01,984 --> 01:17:04,386 THERE IF THEY WANT TO -- WE SAY 1671 01:17:04,453 --> 01:17:08,423 TALK TO THE GUY WHO IS MOWING 1672 01:17:08,490 --> 01:17:10,125 HIS LAWN ABOUT WHAT PEOPLE DO. 1673 01:17:10,192 --> 01:17:13,228 >> OUR NEIGHBORS AND HOLD PUBLIC 1674 01:17:13,295 --> 01:17:13,729 MEETINGS. 1675 01:17:13,795 --> 01:17:14,563 EVERY UNIVERSITY AND EVERY 1676 01:17:14,629 --> 01:17:17,599 RESEARCH INSTITUTE SHOULD HAVE 1677 01:17:17,666 --> 01:17:19,301 PUBLIC LECTURES REGULARLY, 1678 01:17:19,368 --> 01:17:19,568 ETCETERA. 1679 01:17:19,634 --> 01:17:20,502 THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS WE COULD 1680 01:17:20,569 --> 01:17:30,178 BE DOING THAT WE'RE NOT DOING. 1681 01:17:30,245 --> 01:17:32,014 PUT IT ON YOUTUBE AS MY SON JUST 1682 01:17:32,080 --> 01:17:38,553 SAID. 1683 01:17:38,620 --> 01:17:39,855 >> I THINK WE'RE DOING WELL WITH 1684 01:17:39,921 --> 01:17:41,890 TIME AND I BELIEVE OUR GUEST IS 1685 01:17:41,957 --> 01:17:42,190 HERE. 1686 01:17:42,257 --> 01:17:44,326 >> HI, DR. REED. 1687 01:17:44,393 --> 01:17:47,162 GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE. 1688 01:17:47,229 --> 01:17:50,265 SO, I MENTIONED YOU IN OUR 1689 01:17:50,332 --> 01:17:50,599 INTRODUCTION. 1690 01:17:50,665 --> 01:17:56,071 SO BRUCE IS CSR DEPUTY DIRECTOR 1691 01:17:56,138 --> 01:17:58,173 AND HE PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN 1692 01:17:58,240 --> 01:17:59,174 PLANNING, COMMUNICATION AND 1693 01:17:59,241 --> 01:18:02,811 TRAINING OF CSR'S EFFORTS. 1694 01:18:02,878 --> 01:18:07,716 HE CAME TO NIH IN 2015 IN 1695 01:18:07,783 --> 01:18:09,551 NEUROSCIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT AND 1696 01:18:09,618 --> 01:18:13,255 AGING AND SO WE KNOW HIM WELL. 1697 01:18:13,321 --> 01:18:16,058 BEFORE JOINING NIH HE WAS 1698 01:18:16,124 --> 01:18:21,930 PROFESSOR OF NEUROLOGY AND THE 1699 01:18:21,997 --> 01:18:25,100 WITH A DRC AND LOOKED AT 1700 01:18:25,167 --> 01:18:27,736 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY 1701 01:18:27,803 --> 01:18:29,371 AND ONE OF OUR FAVORITE TOPICS 1702 01:18:29,438 --> 01:18:33,575 AND ALSO A LICENSED PSYCHOLOGIST 1703 01:18:33,642 --> 01:18:35,444 PROVING PATIENT CARE IN THE V.A. 1704 01:18:35,510 --> 01:18:40,082 HEALTH CARE SYSTEM FOR 20 YEARS. 1705 01:18:40,148 --> 01:18:43,385 HE GOT HIS PD IN CLINICAL PSYCH 1706 01:18:43,452 --> 01:18:47,689 FROM STONY BROOK AND TRAINED AT 1707 01:18:47,756 --> 01:18:50,592 BRAINTREE AND WITH DOUG KATZ -- 1708 01:18:50,659 --> 01:18:52,194 WERE YOU WITH DOUG KATZ? 1709 01:18:52,260 --> 01:18:52,694 >> YES. 1710 01:18:52,761 --> 01:19:00,035 >> GOOD FRIEND OF MINE AND BRUCE 1711 01:19:00,102 --> 01:19:01,570 WILL TALK TO US ABOUT THE 1712 01:19:01,636 --> 01:19:03,271 INITIATIVES AND STRENGTH OF PEER 1713 01:19:03,338 --> 01:19:03,505 REVIEW. 1714 01:19:03,572 --> 01:19:10,345 BRUCE, THANKS FOR COMING. 1715 01:19:10,412 --> 01:19:12,581 WE WISH NONI A SPEEDY RECOVERY. 1716 01:19:12,647 --> 01:19:14,616 >> THANKS, WALTER AND THANKS FOR 1717 01:19:14,683 --> 01:19:16,852 THE INVITATION TO BE HERE AND 1718 01:19:16,918 --> 01:19:23,792 TALK TO YOU ABOUT WHAT CSR HAG 1719 01:19:23,859 --> 01:19:25,060 -- HAS BEEN DOING. 1720 01:19:25,127 --> 01:19:28,196 I WANT TO START BY CONVEYING 1721 01:19:28,263 --> 01:19:29,731 NONI'S REGRETS AND MAKES IT A 1722 01:19:29,798 --> 01:19:30,966 PRIORITY TO TALK WITH COUNCILS 1723 01:19:31,032 --> 01:19:32,200 AND HEAR YOUR PERSPECTIVES BUT 1724 01:19:32,267 --> 01:19:33,735 WAS TAKEN ILL AND NONE OF YOU 1725 01:19:33,802 --> 01:19:41,476 WANT WHAT SHE'S GOT. 1726 01:19:41,543 --> 01:19:43,411 SHE SENT ME THE SLIDES AND I'M 1727 01:19:43,478 --> 01:19:43,879 HAPPY TO BE HERE. 1728 01:19:43,945 --> 01:19:52,387 LET ME START OFF WITH A FEW 1729 01:19:52,454 --> 01:19:57,259 WORDS ABOUT CSR TO ENSURE NIH 1730 01:19:57,325 --> 01:20:02,931 GRANT APPLICATIONS RECEIVE FAIR, 1731 01:20:02,998 --> 01:20:05,066 INDEPENDENT, EXPERT AND TIMELY 1732 01:20:05,133 --> 01:20:07,102 SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS FREE FROM 1733 01:20:07,169 --> 01:20:09,037 INAPPROPRIATE INFLUENCES AND WE 1734 01:20:09,104 --> 01:20:10,972 DO THIS AT SCALE. 1735 01:20:11,039 --> 01:20:14,976 IN FISCAL '23 NIH RECEIVED 1736 01:20:15,043 --> 01:20:16,611 79,000 GRANT APPLICATIONS, 1737 01:20:16,678 --> 01:20:19,581 60,000 OF THOSE WERE REVIEWED BY 1738 01:20:19,648 --> 01:20:25,987 CSR, ABOUT 76% OF THE TOTAL. 1739 01:20:26,054 --> 01:20:28,456 AND YOU CAN SEE THE BULK IS 1740 01:20:28,523 --> 01:20:30,192 REVIEW OF RO1s AND BUSINESS 1741 01:20:30,258 --> 01:20:33,028 APPLICATIONS AND FELLOWSHIPS. 1742 01:20:33,094 --> 01:20:43,305 THAT'S NIH WIDE. 1743 01:20:43,371 --> 01:21:00,722 [CAPTIONS RESUME] 1744 01:21:00,789 --> 01:21:12,968 [NO AUDIO] 1745 01:21:13,034 --> 01:21:14,369 INITIATIVES SOME OF WHICH WERE 1746 01:21:14,436 --> 01:21:17,505 FAMILIAR TO YOU OF COURSE, 1747 01:21:17,572 --> 01:21:19,674 BRAIN, HEAL TO INCLUDE SOME OF 1748 01:21:19,741 --> 01:21:20,909 THE OTHERS. 1749 01:21:20,976 --> 01:21:24,913 BUT IN FISCAL '23 WE RECOVERED 1750 01:21:24,980 --> 01:21:27,015 161 ONE OF THESE. 1751 01:21:27,082 --> 01:21:31,686 WE DO A LOT OF PEER REVIEW AND 1752 01:21:31,753 --> 01:21:35,590 WHAT I WANT TO EMPHASIZE IS CSR 1753 01:21:35,657 --> 01:21:36,925 IS DEEPLY COMMITTED TO MAKE THE 1754 01:21:36,992 --> 01:21:37,692 PEER REVIEW THE BEST IT COULD 1755 01:21:37,759 --> 01:21:43,498 BE. 1756 01:21:43,565 --> 01:21:47,168 AND IT'S BEEN GUIDED BY THIS 1757 01:21:47,235 --> 01:21:49,804 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK YOU SEE IN 1758 01:21:49,871 --> 01:21:50,372 FRONT OF YOU. 1759 01:21:50,438 --> 01:21:56,244 SO NIH PEER REVIEW HAS THREE 1760 01:21:56,311 --> 01:21:57,078 CRITICAL COMPONENTS. 1761 01:21:57,145 --> 01:22:01,549 THERE'S THE STUDY SECTIONS 1762 01:22:01,616 --> 01:22:01,983 THEMSELVES. 1763 01:22:02,050 --> 01:22:03,885 SO GRANT APPLICATIONS COMPETE 1764 01:22:03,952 --> 01:22:04,519 WITH EACH OTHER WITHIN STUDY 1765 01:22:04,586 --> 01:22:09,924 SECTIONS. 1766 01:22:09,991 --> 01:22:11,660 SO, THE SCIENTIFIC SCOPE IS 1767 01:22:11,726 --> 01:22:12,060 CRITICAL. 1768 01:22:12,127 --> 01:22:13,595 IT NEEDS TO BE SCIENTIFICALLY 1769 01:22:13,662 --> 01:22:17,299 CURRENT AND SCALED AND UPDATED 1770 01:22:17,365 --> 01:22:19,100 AND NEEDS TO PROVIDE AN 1771 01:22:19,167 --> 01:22:19,768 APPROPRIATE COMPETITIVE CONTEXT 1772 01:22:19,834 --> 01:22:23,505 FOR ALL THE APPLICATIONS. 1773 01:22:23,571 --> 01:22:25,206 WE NEED THE WRITE REVIEWERS. 1774 01:22:25,273 --> 01:22:28,943 WE NEED REVIEWERS WITH 1775 01:22:29,010 --> 01:22:33,915 APPROPRIATE EXPERTISE AS A GROUP 1776 01:22:33,982 --> 01:22:36,084 THEY NEED TO BE DIVERSE AND WELL 1777 01:22:36,151 --> 01:22:36,785 TRAINED. 1778 01:22:36,851 --> 01:22:38,953 THEN YOU HAVE TO USE PROCESSES 1779 01:22:39,020 --> 01:22:41,890 THAT PROMOTE GOOD REVIEWS SO 1780 01:22:41,956 --> 01:22:45,760 THAT PROMOTING INTEGRITY AND 1781 01:22:45,827 --> 01:22:49,798 MITIGATING BIASES AND PROMOTING 1782 01:22:49,864 --> 01:22:51,566 EFFECTIVE EVALUATION AND FOR 1783 01:22:51,633 --> 01:22:52,133 EXAMPLE USING APPROPRIATE 1784 01:22:52,200 --> 01:22:55,637 CRITERIA THAT HELP REVIEWERS 1785 01:22:55,704 --> 01:22:56,271 MAKE THE JUDGMENTS THEY OUGHT TO 1786 01:22:56,338 --> 01:23:00,842 MAKE. 1787 01:23:00,909 --> 01:23:04,045 SO ALL THE INITIATIVES WE'VE 1788 01:23:04,112 --> 01:23:06,114 TAKEN ON ONE OF THESE THREE 1789 01:23:06,181 --> 01:23:08,817 THINGS DRIVEN BY -- WE TRIED TO 1790 01:23:08,883 --> 01:23:10,919 PERIMETER THEM USING THE CORE 1791 01:23:10,985 --> 01:23:13,388 OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF 1792 01:23:13,455 --> 01:23:17,325 TRANSPARENCY, USING DATA TO MAKE 1793 01:23:17,392 --> 01:23:19,194 DECISIONS AND BI-DIRECTIONAL 1794 01:23:19,260 --> 01:23:20,495 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT. 1795 01:23:20,562 --> 01:23:24,432 I WANT TO EMPHASIZE OUR STAFF. 1796 01:23:24,499 --> 01:23:29,904 THEY UNDER LIE EVERYTHING. 1797 01:23:29,971 --> 01:23:31,806 WE CAN'T DO OUT WITHOUT THE 1798 01:23:31,873 --> 01:23:33,408 PEOPLE AND WE HAVE INVESTED UP 1799 01:23:33,475 --> 01:23:34,843 STAFF TRAINING AND I WON'T TALK 1800 01:23:34,909 --> 01:23:35,310 ABOUT THAT TODAY. 1801 01:23:35,377 --> 01:23:37,212 WHAT I'LL TALK ABOUT IS THE 1802 01:23:37,278 --> 01:23:39,814 TOPICS TO MAKE A POINT HERE THAT 1803 01:23:39,881 --> 01:23:43,151 EACH OF THESE BEAR ON A CRITICAL 1804 01:23:43,218 --> 01:23:44,152 COMPONENT OF EXCELLENCE AND PEER 1805 01:23:44,219 --> 01:23:48,757 REVIEW. 1806 01:23:48,823 --> 01:23:55,397 SO LET'S START WITH ENQUIRE? 1807 01:23:55,463 --> 01:24:00,101 IT'S AN ACRONYM THAT LABELS THE 1808 01:24:00,168 --> 01:24:02,270 SYSTEMATIC PROCESS THAT CSR USE 1809 01:24:02,337 --> 01:24:04,139 TO ASSESS AND UPDATE STUDY 1810 01:24:04,205 --> 01:24:05,974 SECTIONS. 1811 01:24:06,040 --> 01:24:12,080 WE IMPLEMENTED THIS PROCESS IN 1812 01:24:12,147 --> 01:24:12,947 2019. 1813 01:24:13,014 --> 01:24:15,950 OF COURSE STUDY SECTIONS CHANGE 1814 01:24:16,017 --> 01:24:18,086 BEFORE THAT BUT THERE WAS NO 1815 01:24:18,153 --> 01:24:21,189 SYSTEMATIC WAY OF DOING THAT. 1816 01:24:21,256 --> 01:24:23,858 THERE WAS NO REGULAR SCHEDULED 1817 01:24:23,925 --> 01:24:26,127 PROCESS TO RE-EVALUATING THE 1818 01:24:26,194 --> 01:24:28,129 STUDY SECTIONS TO ADAPT TO 1819 01:24:28,196 --> 01:24:29,230 SCIENTIFIC EVOLUTION. 1820 01:24:29,297 --> 01:24:33,468 THE GOAL OF THE PROCESS IS TO 1821 01:24:33,535 --> 01:24:35,804 EVALUATE ABOUT 20% OF STUDY 1822 01:24:35,870 --> 01:24:38,006 SECTIONS IN A GIVEN YEAR OR ANY 1823 01:24:38,072 --> 01:24:39,741 GIVEN STUDY SECTION SHOULD COME 1824 01:24:39,808 --> 01:24:40,809 UM WITH EVALUATION ONCE EVERY 1825 01:24:40,875 --> 01:24:46,714 FIVE YEARS. 1826 01:24:46,781 --> 01:24:52,153 THIS IS A PROCESS DRIVEN BY 1827 01:24:52,220 --> 01:24:53,254 STAKEHOLDERS. 1828 01:24:53,321 --> 01:24:56,057 WE HAVE ROUGHLY 180 STANDING 1829 01:24:56,124 --> 01:24:58,059 STUDY SECTIONS. 1830 01:24:58,126 --> 01:24:59,527 GROUP THEM INTO SCIENTIFICALLY 1831 01:24:59,594 --> 01:25:00,929 RELATED CLUSTERS OF STUDY 1832 01:25:00,995 --> 01:25:01,963 SECTIONS AND SUBMIT THOSE 1833 01:25:02,030 --> 01:25:04,132 CLUSTERS ONE AT A TIME TO THIS 1834 01:25:04,199 --> 01:25:06,167 PROCESS. 1835 01:25:06,234 --> 01:25:08,536 SO LET ME EXPLAIN HOW THIS 1836 01:25:08,603 --> 01:25:11,072 PROCESS WORKS. 1837 01:25:11,139 --> 01:25:12,740 IT'S A MULTI-STAGE PROCESS. 1838 01:25:12,807 --> 01:25:15,076 NUMBER ONE AND PROBABLY THE MOST 1839 01:25:15,143 --> 01:25:17,278 CRITICAL PART OF IT IS THAT WE 1840 01:25:17,345 --> 01:25:20,615 ASSEMBLE SELECTED MEMBERS OF TO 1841 01:25:20,682 --> 01:25:24,285 THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY WITH 1842 01:25:24,352 --> 01:25:28,156 BROAD SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE THAT 1843 01:25:28,223 --> 01:25:29,691 TYPICALLY SENIOR PEOPLE WITH 1844 01:25:29,757 --> 01:25:30,458 BROAD EXPERTISE CUTTING ACROSS A 1845 01:25:30,525 --> 01:25:32,160 NUMBER OF STUDY SECTIONS UNDER 1846 01:25:32,227 --> 01:25:32,393 REVIEW. 1847 01:25:32,460 --> 01:25:36,130 WE GIVE THEM DATA AND GIVE THEM 1848 01:25:36,197 --> 01:25:37,699 SAMPLE ABSTRACTS, SO FORTH. 1849 01:25:37,765 --> 01:25:40,301 THEN WE GIVE THEM WHAT IS A 1850 01:25:40,368 --> 01:25:43,137 CHALLENGING AND I THINK 1851 01:25:43,204 --> 01:25:45,273 INTERESTING QUESTION WHICH IS TO 1852 01:25:45,340 --> 01:25:47,375 MAKE A RECOMMENDATION ABOUT WHAT 1853 01:25:47,442 --> 01:25:51,179 SET OF STUDY SECTIONS IS THE 1854 01:25:51,246 --> 01:25:54,182 BEST SET TO REVIEW THE ENTIRE 1855 01:25:54,249 --> 01:25:55,416 SORT OF SWATH OF SCIENCE IN 1856 01:25:55,483 --> 01:25:56,284 FRONT OF US. 1857 01:25:56,351 --> 01:25:57,552 SO STUFF THAT'S COVERED BY THAT 1858 01:25:57,619 --> 01:25:59,888 GROUP OF STUDY SECTIONS. 1859 01:25:59,954 --> 01:26:02,223 WHAT GROUP OF STUDY SECTIONS 1860 01:26:02,290 --> 01:26:09,764 WOULD BE THE BEST 1234 -- THE 1861 01:26:09,831 --> 01:26:11,633 BEST TO IDENTIFY HIGH-IMPACT 1862 01:26:11,699 --> 01:26:11,900 RESEARCH. 1863 01:26:11,966 --> 01:26:14,068 THEY WORK ON THIS FOR A COUPLE 1864 01:26:14,135 --> 01:26:16,838 DAYS AND COME UP WITH THEIR 1865 01:26:16,905 --> 01:26:17,138 RECOMMENDS. 1866 01:26:17,205 --> 01:26:18,172 WE THEN BRING THE 1867 01:26:18,239 --> 01:26:21,409 RECOMMENDATIONS IN A SECOND 1868 01:26:21,476 --> 01:26:24,112 STAGE TO AN INTERNAL NIH PANEL. 1869 01:26:24,178 --> 01:26:26,147 THESE ARE TYPICALLY SENIOR 1870 01:26:26,214 --> 01:26:27,515 PROGRAM PEOPLE, SOME REVIEW 1871 01:26:27,582 --> 01:26:29,651 PEOPLE AS WELL BUT THE KEY THING 1872 01:26:29,717 --> 01:26:32,654 IS THAT THEY NEED A BROAD. 1873 01:26:32,720 --> 01:26:34,889 WE DON'T WANT PEOPLE DEEPLY OR 1874 01:26:34,956 --> 01:26:36,724 OVERINVESTED IN A SINGLE NARROW 1875 01:26:36,791 --> 01:26:37,959 PORTFOLIO BUT HAVE A BROAD 1876 01:26:38,026 --> 01:26:40,328 PERSPECTIVE TO MAKE THESE 1877 01:26:40,395 --> 01:26:47,502 JUDGMENTS. 1878 01:26:47,569 --> 01:26:52,774 AND CSR BRINGS TO OUR OWN 1879 01:26:52,840 --> 01:26:55,743 COUNCIL AN WHAT STUDY SECTIONS 1880 01:26:55,810 --> 01:26:56,611 SHOULD BE. 1881 01:26:56,678 --> 01:26:57,512 AFTER, THERE'S STILL WORK TO BE 1882 01:26:57,579 --> 01:27:00,782 DONE AND GUIDELINES NEED TO BE 1883 01:27:00,848 --> 01:27:02,417 REFINED AND TEST THEM OUT AND 1884 01:27:02,483 --> 01:27:04,819 ONCE YOU GET THOSE FINALIZED YOU 1885 01:27:04,886 --> 01:27:07,088 MAY MOVE STUDY SECTIONS AROUND 1886 01:27:07,155 --> 01:27:08,022 TO GET PEOPLE WITH APPROPRIATE 1887 01:27:08,089 --> 01:27:11,459 EXPERTISE ON REVIEW PANELS AND 1888 01:27:11,526 --> 01:27:13,394 THEN PUBLISH THE NEW PANEL 1889 01:27:13,461 --> 01:27:17,065 GUIDELINES AND THE ROSTERS AND 1890 01:27:17,131 --> 01:27:19,067 EVENTUALLY GET MEETINGS HELD 1891 01:27:19,133 --> 01:27:20,268 INSTEAD OF STUDY SECTIONS. 1892 01:27:20,335 --> 01:27:22,570 THAT'S A LOT OF WORK. 1893 01:27:22,637 --> 01:27:27,542 IT TAKES 12 TO 18 MONTHS TO GET 1894 01:27:27,609 --> 01:27:28,276 DONE. 1895 01:27:28,343 --> 01:27:30,445 THIS IS A VERY HIGH-LEVEL 1896 01:27:30,511 --> 01:27:32,647 PROGRESS REPORT. 1897 01:27:32,714 --> 01:27:35,516 WHAT YOU SEE IS THE PAST FOUR 1898 01:27:35,583 --> 01:27:37,385 YEARS WE GOT TO 14 OF THESE 1899 01:27:37,452 --> 01:27:37,819 CLUSTERS. 1900 01:27:37,885 --> 01:27:40,321 THE ONCE IN GREEN ARE ALL DONE. 1901 01:27:40,388 --> 01:27:42,323 THE ONES IN YELLOW OR BLUE ARE 1902 01:27:42,390 --> 01:27:49,163 SOME STAGE OF THE PROCESS. 1903 01:27:49,230 --> 01:27:51,366 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I WANT TO 1904 01:27:51,432 --> 01:27:52,700 EMPHASIZE ABOUT THIS IS IN 1905 01:27:52,767 --> 01:27:57,939 GENERAL IT DOES RESULT IN 1906 01:27:58,006 --> 01:27:58,206 CHANGE. 1907 01:27:58,272 --> 01:28:00,141 CHANGES OF THE NUMBER OF TIMES 1908 01:28:00,208 --> 01:28:04,145 AND THERE'S NOT ONE SIZE THAT 1909 01:28:04,212 --> 01:28:06,214 FITS ALL BUT WE DO SEE THE 1910 01:28:06,280 --> 01:28:07,148 EXTERNAL REVIEWS RESULT IN 1911 01:28:07,215 --> 01:28:10,184 CHANGES TO THE STUDY SECTIONS. 1912 01:28:10,251 --> 01:28:14,288 SO SOMETIMES IT'S INCORPORATING 1913 01:28:14,355 --> 01:28:16,958 CHANGES IN SCIENCE, SCIENTIFIC 1914 01:28:17,025 --> 01:28:17,692 DEVELOPMENTS SORTS YOU SEE 1915 01:28:17,759 --> 01:28:20,528 SPLASHED ON THE SCREEN HERE. 1916 01:28:20,595 --> 01:28:23,931 SOMETIMES IT'S BECAUSE THESE 1917 01:28:23,998 --> 01:28:24,599 PANELS AFTER REAL THOUGHTFUL 1918 01:28:24,666 --> 01:28:28,002 CONSIDERATION HAVE A DIFFERENT 1919 01:28:28,069 --> 01:28:32,340 IDEA HOW STUDY SECTIONS OUGHT TO 1920 01:28:32,407 --> 01:28:34,676 BE ORGANIZED, BY DISEASE, 1921 01:28:34,742 --> 01:28:36,678 TECHNIQUE, VARIOUS THINGS. 1922 01:28:36,744 --> 01:28:40,181 THEY DO MAKE CHANGES AND THAT'S 1923 01:28:40,248 --> 01:28:42,483 THE POINT OF THE SLIDE. 1924 01:28:42,550 --> 01:28:45,787 I DON'T WANT -- YOU DON'T NEED 1925 01:28:45,853 --> 01:28:46,954 TO WALK THROUGH ALL THESE LINES 1926 01:28:47,021 --> 01:28:49,891 BUT WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING AT HERE 1927 01:28:49,957 --> 01:28:51,693 THIS CAME FROM A RECENTLY 1928 01:28:51,759 --> 01:28:53,961 COMPLETED INQUIRY OF SOCIAL 1929 01:28:54,028 --> 01:28:54,962 BEHAVIORAL STUDY SECTIONS AND 1930 01:28:55,029 --> 01:28:56,998 THE OLD ONES ARE ON THE LEFT AND 1931 01:28:57,065 --> 01:29:00,301 NEW ONES ARE ON THE RIGHT AND 1932 01:29:00,368 --> 01:29:03,438 THE ARROWS MAP THE 1933 01:29:03,504 --> 01:29:03,805 CORRESPONDENCE. 1934 01:29:03,871 --> 01:29:05,339 WHAT YOU OUGHT TO SEE IS 1935 01:29:05,406 --> 01:29:06,274 MOVEMENT THERE. 1936 01:29:06,340 --> 01:29:09,277 YOU DON'T SEE A NICE ONE TO ONE 1937 01:29:09,343 --> 01:29:11,379 CORRESPONDENCE OF TOPICS AND 1938 01:29:11,446 --> 01:29:15,249 SPLIT UP AND REGROUPED IN A WAY 1939 01:29:15,316 --> 01:29:17,285 THAT I THINK IS HEALTHY AND THAT 1940 01:29:17,351 --> 01:29:26,394 WILL RESULT IN BETTER REVIEW. 1941 01:29:26,461 --> 01:29:29,630 LET ME TURN THEN TO A COUPLE 1942 01:29:29,697 --> 01:29:30,531 UPCOMING CHANGES THAT RELATE TO 1943 01:29:30,598 --> 01:29:31,766 THE PROCESSES THAT WE USE IN 1944 01:29:31,833 --> 01:29:37,605 REVIEW MEETINGS. 1945 01:29:37,672 --> 01:29:40,975 THE FIRST OF THESE IS THERE WILL 1946 01:29:41,042 --> 01:29:43,511 BE CHANGES IN THE CRITERIA THAT 1947 01:29:43,578 --> 01:29:46,180 PEOPLE THAT REVIEWERS USE IN 1948 01:29:46,247 --> 01:29:46,948 EVALUATING RESEARCH PROJECT 1949 01:29:47,014 --> 01:29:47,315 GRANTS. 1950 01:29:47,381 --> 01:29:53,087 SO THE SIMPLIFIED REVIEW 1951 01:29:53,154 --> 01:29:59,560 FRAMEWORK FOR NIH RPGs. 1952 01:29:59,627 --> 01:30:04,766 SO, WHAT DOES THIS AFFECT? 1953 01:30:04,832 --> 01:30:15,376 RO1s, R21s AND MOST Rs WILL BE 1954 01:30:15,943 --> 01:30:17,678 AFFECTED BY REVIEW SO WHY CHANGE 1955 01:30:17,745 --> 01:30:17,945 THIS? 1956 01:30:18,012 --> 01:30:24,285 THE PRIMARY DRIVER OF THIS WAS A 1957 01:30:24,352 --> 01:30:26,387 DESIRE TO REFOCUS FIRST LEVEL 1958 01:30:26,454 --> 01:30:27,855 PEER REVIEW ON A SINGULAR ROLE 1959 01:30:27,922 --> 01:30:30,291 OF PROVIDING ADVICE TO THE 1960 01:30:30,358 --> 01:30:32,093 AGENCY REGARDING THE SCIENTIFIC 1961 01:30:32,160 --> 01:30:33,694 AND TECHNICAL MERIT OF GRANT 1962 01:30:33,761 --> 01:30:34,829 APPLICATIONS. 1963 01:30:34,896 --> 01:30:36,864 AND THE SIMPLIFIED FRAMEWORK 1964 01:30:36,931 --> 01:30:37,999 DOES THIS TWO WAYS. 1965 01:30:38,065 --> 01:30:40,334 IT REFRAMES THE CRITERIA TO 1966 01:30:40,401 --> 01:30:42,303 FOCUS REVIEWER ATTENTION ON 1967 01:30:42,370 --> 01:30:43,304 THREE KEY QUESTIONS. 1968 01:30:43,371 --> 01:30:45,573 THINK OF THESE IN SIMPLE FORMS. 1969 01:30:45,640 --> 01:30:47,942 SHOULD IT BE DONE? 1970 01:30:48,009 --> 01:30:50,278 CAN IT BE DONE WELL AND WILL IT 1971 01:30:50,344 --> 01:30:50,745 BE DONE? 1972 01:30:50,812 --> 01:30:54,282 SO THOSE ARE THE QUESTIONS THAT 1973 01:30:54,348 --> 01:31:00,288 REALLY YOU NEED TO EVALUATE. 1974 01:31:00,354 --> 01:31:01,455 IT REMOVES DISTRACTIONS OF 1975 01:31:01,522 --> 01:31:06,394 COMPLIANCE ITEMS THAT 1976 01:31:06,460 --> 01:31:12,066 COMPLICATED THE TASK. 1977 01:31:12,133 --> 01:31:14,669 WE HAVE THE CHANCE TO MITIGATE 1978 01:31:14,735 --> 01:31:19,774 REPUTATIONAL BIAS IN PEER 1979 01:31:19,841 --> 01:31:20,741 REVIEW? 1980 01:31:20,808 --> 01:31:24,512 BASICALLY, THE PHENOMENA WHERE 1981 01:31:24,579 --> 01:31:26,314 SOME GET A PASS AND OTHERS GET 1982 01:31:26,380 --> 01:31:26,981 EXTRA SCRUTINY. 1983 01:31:27,048 --> 01:31:29,617 EITHER IS FAIR. 1984 01:31:29,684 --> 01:31:32,820 BIAS DISTORTS ESTIMATES OF MERIT 1985 01:31:32,887 --> 01:31:37,291 SO IT DEGRADES REVIEW. 1986 01:31:37,358 --> 01:31:40,228 BOTH ARE AIMED AT FACILITATING 1987 01:31:40,294 --> 01:31:43,231 THIS OVER ARCHING GOAL OF PEER 1988 01:31:43,297 --> 01:31:44,365 REVIEW WHICH IS IDENTIFICATION 1989 01:31:44,432 --> 01:31:45,466 OF THE STRONGEST POTENTIALLY 1990 01:31:45,533 --> 01:31:55,943 HIGHEST IMPACT RESEARCH. 1991 01:31:57,745 --> 01:31:59,247 WHAT'S IT LOOK LIKE? 1992 01:31:59,313 --> 01:32:01,716 MOST WHO ARE DONE NIH REVIEW AND 1993 01:32:01,782 --> 01:32:05,953 PROPOSAL REVIEWS ARE FAMILIAR 1994 01:32:06,020 --> 01:32:07,355 WITH THE FIVE CRITERIA. 1995 01:32:07,421 --> 01:32:09,790 THEY DON'T GO AWAY BUT ARE 1996 01:32:09,857 --> 01:32:11,425 REDEFINED AND REORGANIZED. 1997 01:32:11,492 --> 01:32:13,494 INSTEAD OF RATING THE FIVE 1998 01:32:13,561 --> 01:32:15,363 CRITERIA AND REVIEWERS WILL WILL 1999 01:32:15,429 --> 01:32:17,999 BE ASKED TO RATE THREE FACTORS. 2000 01:32:18,065 --> 01:32:20,334 FACTOR ONE IS THE IMPORTANCE OF 2001 01:32:20,401 --> 01:32:21,736 THE RESEARCH. 2002 01:32:21,802 --> 01:32:27,642 IT WILL BE SCORED 1 TO 9. 2003 01:32:27,708 --> 01:32:29,443 FACTOR TWO ARE RIGOR AND 2004 01:32:29,510 --> 01:32:32,246 FEASIBILITY ALSO SCORED 1-9. 2005 01:32:32,313 --> 01:32:34,081 FACTOR THREE IS EXPERTISE AND 2006 01:32:34,148 --> 01:32:36,984 RESOURCES AND THIS ONE WILL BE 2007 01:32:37,051 --> 01:32:38,019 RATED AS EITHER APPROPRIATE OR 2008 01:32:38,085 --> 01:32:40,321 NOT APPROPRIATE AND IF NOT 2009 01:32:40,388 --> 01:32:41,756 APPROPRIATE REVIEWERS WILL BE 2010 01:32:41,822 --> 01:32:44,358 ASKED TO IDENTIFY WHERE THE GAPS 2011 01:32:44,425 --> 01:32:49,497 ARE. 2012 01:32:49,563 --> 01:32:52,533 THAT'S THE CORE OF IT. 2013 01:32:52,600 --> 01:32:55,603 THERE'S ADDITIONAL SCORE THAT 2014 01:32:55,670 --> 01:32:57,238 CAN IMPACT THE IMPACT SCORE. 2015 01:32:57,305 --> 01:32:59,674 THE MAIN THING TO EMPHASIZE IS 2016 01:32:59,740 --> 01:33:01,909 WE'VE ALWAYS HAD FOR THE LAST 2017 01:33:01,976 --> 01:33:05,546 FEW YEARS STUDIED TIME LINE AS A 2018 01:33:05,613 --> 01:33:09,116 CRITERIA FOR CLINICAL TRIALS. 2019 01:33:09,183 --> 01:33:11,819 AND INCLUSION CONSIDERATIONS, 2020 01:33:11,886 --> 01:33:14,055 WOMEN, MINORITIES FOR HUMAN 2021 01:33:14,121 --> 01:33:15,990 SUBJECTS CLINICAL TRIALS 2022 01:33:16,057 --> 01:33:16,324 RESEARCH. 2023 01:33:16,390 --> 01:33:21,996 THOSE HAVE BEEN MOVED BY THE 2024 01:33:22,063 --> 01:33:23,564 ADDITIONAL CRITERIA UP INTO 2025 01:33:23,631 --> 01:33:24,732 FACTOR TWO REFLECTING THE 2026 01:33:24,799 --> 01:33:26,634 SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE. 2027 01:33:26,701 --> 01:33:28,336 THEY GET MORE EMPHASIS UNDER THE 2028 01:33:28,402 --> 01:33:33,240 FRAMEWORK. 2029 01:33:33,307 --> 01:33:36,010 THEN, THIS IS IMPORTANT TO 2030 01:33:36,077 --> 01:33:38,446 EMPHASIZE ALL THREE FACTORS 2031 01:33:38,512 --> 01:33:39,513 IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH AND 2032 01:33:39,580 --> 01:33:40,348 RIGOR AND FEASIBILITY AND 2033 01:33:40,414 --> 01:33:42,049 EXPERTISE IN RESOURCES ALL THREE 2034 01:33:42,116 --> 01:33:44,352 CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVER ALL 2035 01:33:44,418 --> 01:33:49,123 IMPACT SCORE. 2036 01:33:49,190 --> 01:33:52,193 CERTAIN ADMINISTRATIVE ITEMS 2037 01:33:52,259 --> 01:33:57,531 WERE REMOVED, SHARING AND BUDGET 2038 01:33:57,598 --> 01:34:02,036 AND EDUCATION PLAN AND CLINICAL 2039 01:34:02,103 --> 01:34:02,370 RESOURCES. 2040 01:34:02,436 --> 01:34:04,338 THAT'S IT IN A NUTSHELL. 2041 01:34:04,405 --> 01:34:06,273 IT'S WORTH EMPHASIZING THE 2042 01:34:06,340 --> 01:34:10,644 PROCESS THROUGH WHICH THIS WAS 2043 01:34:10,711 --> 01:34:10,978 DEVELOPED. 2044 01:34:11,045 --> 01:34:13,781 THIS GREW OUT OF A COUPLE OF 2045 01:34:13,848 --> 01:34:17,418 WORKING GROUPS ADVISORY TO CSR'S 2046 01:34:17,485 --> 01:34:17,718 COUNCIL. 2047 01:34:17,785 --> 01:34:19,587 THESE FOUR LARGELY EXTERNAL 2048 01:34:19,653 --> 01:34:20,755 PAPER ARE COUNCIL MEMBERS AND 2049 01:34:20,821 --> 01:34:27,762 PEOPLE WHO SERVED AS A WORK 2050 01:34:27,828 --> 01:34:29,363 GROUP AD HOC BASIS. 2051 01:34:29,430 --> 01:34:30,398 THEY GATHERED INITIAL INPUT FROM 2052 01:34:30,464 --> 01:34:32,566 THE PUBLIC FROM THE SCIENTIFIC 2053 01:34:32,633 --> 01:34:35,169 COMMUNITY THROUGH BLOG POSTS AND 2054 01:34:35,236 --> 01:34:37,338 THE RESULTING COMMENTS. 2055 01:34:37,405 --> 01:34:41,809 THEY GOT INPUT FROM OUR LEGAL 2056 01:34:41,876 --> 01:34:46,313 OFFICE AND EVENTUALLY MADE A SET 2057 01:34:46,380 --> 01:34:49,850 OF RECOMMENDATIONS TO CSR'S 2058 01:34:49,917 --> 01:34:50,418 ADVISORY COUNCIL. 2059 01:34:50,484 --> 01:34:52,353 THAT COUNCIL APPROVED IT AT 2060 01:34:52,420 --> 01:34:56,257 WHICH POINT CSR BROUGHT THIS TO 2061 01:34:56,323 --> 01:34:59,126 NIH AND VETTED THE IDEAS ACROSS 2062 01:34:59,193 --> 01:35:01,228 THE AGENCY GETTING ADDITIONAL 2063 01:35:01,295 --> 01:35:06,300 INPUT FROM STAKEHOLDERS AND A 2064 01:35:06,367 --> 01:35:08,803 NUMBER OF CHANGES HAPPENED AND 2065 01:35:08,869 --> 01:35:12,306 CAME TO THE I.C. DIRECTORS AND 2066 01:35:12,373 --> 01:35:14,842 LEADERSHIP OF NIH WHO APPROVED 2067 01:35:14,909 --> 01:35:15,743 THE FRAMEWORK. 2068 01:35:15,810 --> 01:35:19,146 AFTER THE CONCEPT WAS APPROVED, 2069 01:35:19,213 --> 01:35:24,485 NIH PUT OUT A REQUEST FOR 2070 01:35:24,552 --> 01:35:28,222 INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC AND 2071 01:35:28,289 --> 01:35:28,989 THERE WERE PROFESSIONAL 2072 01:35:29,056 --> 01:35:32,326 SOCIETIES AND UNIVERSITIES. 2073 01:35:32,393 --> 01:35:37,531 THE MAJORITY WAS QUITE POSITIVE. 2074 01:35:37,598 --> 01:35:40,101 ONE INCORPORATING INVESTIGATORS 2075 01:35:40,167 --> 01:35:41,102 AND ENVIRONMENT SOMEWHAT 2076 01:35:41,168 --> 01:35:41,435 CONTROVERSIAL. 2077 01:35:41,502 --> 01:35:45,506 WE GOT SUPPORT FOR IT AND 2078 01:35:45,573 --> 01:35:48,008 CRITICISM IN A VARIETY OF 2079 01:35:48,075 --> 01:35:48,309 DIRECTIONS. 2080 01:35:48,375 --> 01:35:51,712 AND ONE OF THE MOST COMMON 2081 01:35:51,779 --> 01:35:53,848 COMMENTS WAS WE NEED TO WORK TO 2082 01:35:53,914 --> 01:36:02,456 SOCIALIZE THESE CHANGES. 2083 01:36:02,523 --> 01:36:05,226 SO THESE CHANGES ARE COMING AND 2084 01:36:05,292 --> 01:36:07,294 WILL GO INTO EFFECT FOR 2085 01:36:07,361 --> 01:36:08,162 APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AFTER 2086 01:36:08,229 --> 01:36:14,935 JANUARY 25, 2025. 2087 01:36:15,002 --> 01:36:16,770 GUIDE NOTICE WAS PUT OUT IN 2088 01:36:16,837 --> 01:36:16,971 2023. 2089 01:36:17,037 --> 01:36:20,040 THAT WEBSITE THERE IS A GOOD 2090 01:36:20,107 --> 01:36:21,442 SITE TO READ ALL ABOUT THE 2091 01:36:21,509 --> 01:36:21,976 CHANGES AND GET A LOT OF 2092 01:36:22,042 --> 01:36:30,384 INFORMATION THERE. 2093 01:36:30,451 --> 01:36:32,253 A TRANS-NIH COMMITTEE IS 2094 01:36:32,319 --> 01:36:35,723 IMPLEMENTING CHANGES THAT HAS TO 2095 01:36:35,789 --> 01:36:36,857 HAPPEN BUT CRITICALLY WE'VE 2096 01:36:36,924 --> 01:36:43,230 REALIZED THERE IS A REALLY LARGE 2097 01:36:43,297 --> 01:36:44,365 OUTREACH COMMUNICATIONS AND 2098 01:36:44,431 --> 01:36:46,433 TRAINING CHALLENGE ASSOCIATED 2099 01:36:46,500 --> 01:36:47,768 WITH THIS CHANGE THAT'S BEEN 2100 01:36:47,835 --> 01:36:51,272 MAPPED OUT IN GREAT DETAIL AND 2101 01:36:51,338 --> 01:36:53,507 IS ACTUALLY UNDERWAY AT THIS 2102 01:36:53,574 --> 01:36:54,308 POINT AND MORE INTENSE IN THE 2103 01:36:54,375 --> 01:37:04,618 COMING MONTHS. 2104 01:37:05,319 --> 01:37:12,293 ALL RIGHT THIS IS THE ADVISORY 2105 01:37:12,359 --> 01:37:15,696 COMMITTEE AD HOC. 2106 01:37:15,763 --> 01:37:18,465 LET ME SWITCH FROM THERE TO 2107 01:37:18,532 --> 01:37:20,000 ANOTHER SET OF CHANGES COMING 2108 01:37:20,067 --> 01:37:20,968 THAT WILL AFFECT THE APPLICATION 2109 01:37:21,035 --> 01:37:27,308 AND REVIEW OF FELLOWSHIP 2110 01:37:27,374 --> 01:37:27,741 APPLICATIONS. 2111 01:37:27,808 --> 01:37:30,044 SO, THESE CHANGES WERE MOTIVATED 2112 01:37:30,110 --> 01:37:33,480 BY THE DESIRE TO OPTIMIZE THE 2113 01:37:33,547 --> 01:37:34,315 IDENTIFICATION AND TRAINING OF 2114 01:37:34,381 --> 01:37:36,283 THE MOST PROMISING SCIENTISTS IN 2115 01:37:36,350 --> 01:37:43,290 THE NEXT GENERATION. 2116 01:37:43,357 --> 01:37:44,792 THEY WERE ALSO DRIVEN BY 2117 01:37:44,858 --> 01:37:47,394 CONCERNS WE HEARD A LONG TIME 2118 01:37:47,461 --> 01:37:49,730 YOU CAN BOIL DOWN TO BEING A 2119 01:37:49,797 --> 01:37:52,066 CONCERN THE NIH WAS POTENTIALLY 2120 01:37:52,132 --> 01:37:54,301 LEAVING OUT SOME PROMISING 2121 01:37:54,368 --> 01:37:56,237 RESEARCH SCIENTISTS BECAUSE OF A 2122 01:37:56,303 --> 01:37:59,173 REVIEW PROCESS THAT FAVORS LEAD 2123 01:37:59,240 --> 01:37:59,773 INSTITUTIONS AND SENIOR WELL 2124 01:37:59,840 --> 01:38:07,781 KNOWN SPONSORS. 2125 01:38:07,848 --> 01:38:11,018 CSR DID DATA ANALYSIS OF THE 2126 01:38:11,085 --> 01:38:12,286 APPLICATIONS RECEIVED IN 2021 2127 01:38:12,353 --> 01:38:18,292 AND TO HIGHLIGHT SOME THINGS 2128 01:38:18,359 --> 01:38:20,327 THAT CORRESPOND TO THAT HIGH 2129 01:38:20,394 --> 01:38:21,462 LEVEL OF CONCERN. 2130 01:38:21,528 --> 01:38:23,530 A SMALL NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS 2131 01:38:23,597 --> 01:38:27,668 SUBMIT THE MAJORITY OF 2132 01:38:27,735 --> 01:38:28,202 FELLOWSHIP APPLICATIONS. 2133 01:38:28,269 --> 01:38:31,338 THE APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED BY 2134 01:38:31,405 --> 01:38:33,540 THOSE INSTITUTIONS DO BETTER IN 2135 01:38:33,607 --> 01:38:36,377 REVIEW AND REVIEW OUTCOMES FOR 2136 01:38:36,443 --> 01:38:38,145 FELLOWSHIPS IMPROVE AS THE RANK 2137 01:38:38,212 --> 01:38:42,983 OF THE SPONSOR GOES UP. 2138 01:38:43,050 --> 01:38:44,585 TO SHOW YOU BRIEFLY WHAT THIS 2139 01:38:44,652 --> 01:38:45,786 LOOKS LIKE. 2140 01:38:45,853 --> 01:38:47,354 SUBMISSIONS ARE HIGHLY 2141 01:38:47,421 --> 01:38:47,688 CONCENTRATED. 2142 01:38:47,755 --> 01:38:48,889 WE BEND INSTITUTIONS ACCORDING 2143 01:38:48,956 --> 01:38:55,296 TO THE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS 2144 01:38:55,362 --> 01:38:55,863 SUBMITTED IN '21. 2145 01:38:55,929 --> 01:38:57,464 IF YOU LOOK AT THE RIGHT END OF 2146 01:38:57,531 --> 01:39:00,000 THE DISTRIBUTION YOU'LL SEE 2147 01:39:00,067 --> 01:39:01,902 THERE ARE 15 SCHOOLS EACH OF 2148 01:39:01,969 --> 01:39:03,170 WHICH SUBMITTED OVER 100 2149 01:39:03,237 --> 01:39:10,611 FELLOWSHIP APPLICATIONS. 2150 01:39:10,678 --> 01:39:12,846 LOOKING BACK TO THE LEFT END OF 2151 01:39:12,913 --> 01:39:14,315 THE DISTRIBUTION THERE'S 106 2152 01:39:14,381 --> 01:39:15,015 SCHOOLS THAT SUBMITTED ONLY ONE 2153 01:39:15,082 --> 01:39:16,750 OR TWO. 2154 01:39:16,817 --> 01:39:18,719 AND ALMOST ANOTHER 100 THAT 2155 01:39:18,786 --> 01:39:29,263 SUBMITTED BETWEEN THREE AND 10. 2156 01:39:29,330 --> 01:39:30,064 YOU CAN IMAGINE THE 2157 01:39:30,130 --> 01:39:30,764 INSTITUTIONAL KNOWLEDGE IT TAKE 2158 01:39:30,831 --> 01:39:32,533 TO SUBMIT AN APPLICATION IS 2159 01:39:32,599 --> 01:39:32,833 UNBALANCED. 2160 01:39:32,900 --> 01:39:34,501 YOU SEE THE APPLICATIONS FROM 2161 01:39:34,568 --> 01:39:38,505 SCHOOLS THAT SUBMIT A LOT OF 2162 01:39:38,572 --> 01:39:39,239 APPLICATIONS DO BETTER. 2163 01:39:39,306 --> 01:39:41,041 HERE WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING AT IS 2164 01:39:41,108 --> 01:39:46,480 REVIEW OUTCOMES FOR FELLOWSHIP 2165 01:39:46,547 --> 01:39:46,814 APPLICATIONS. 2166 01:39:46,880 --> 01:39:48,849 TOP BAR ARE THOSE THAT SUBMIT 1 2167 01:39:48,916 --> 01:39:50,751 TO 10 APPLICATIONS. 2168 01:39:50,818 --> 01:39:52,619 THE BOTTOM BAR ARE THOSE THAT 2169 01:39:52,686 --> 01:39:56,290 SUBMIT A LOT, 76 OR MORE AND THE 2170 01:39:56,357 --> 01:39:58,258 BLUE PART OF THESE GRAPHS MARKS 2171 01:39:58,325 --> 01:40:00,894 THE PROPORTION OF APPLICATIONS 2172 01:40:00,961 --> 01:40:02,363 THAT FALL IN THE HIGH IMPACT 2173 01:40:02,429 --> 01:40:04,131 GROUPS THAT GET OVER ALL IMPACT 2174 01:40:04,198 --> 01:40:05,299 SCORE IN THE HIGH IMPACT RANGE. 2175 01:40:05,366 --> 01:40:08,035 SO FOR THOSE SCHOOLS THAT DON'T 2176 01:40:08,102 --> 01:40:10,170 SUBMIT MANY, ABOUT 28% OF THEIRS 2177 01:40:10,237 --> 01:40:12,306 END UP IN THE HIGH IMPACT RANGE. 2178 01:40:12,373 --> 01:40:18,312 FOR THOSE THAT SUBMIT A LOT IT'S 2179 01:40:18,379 --> 01:40:18,479 44%. 2180 01:40:18,545 --> 01:40:29,056 IT'S A SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCE. 2181 01:40:37,097 --> 01:40:39,266 SO LET ME EMPHASIZE THE IDEAS. 2182 01:40:39,333 --> 01:40:45,839 THEY GREW OUT OF A CSR ADVISORY 2183 01:40:45,906 --> 01:40:47,775 COUNCIL WORKING GROUP COUNCIL 2184 01:40:47,841 --> 01:40:50,043 MEMBERS AND AD HOC SERVED AND 2185 01:40:50,110 --> 01:40:55,249 GOT RESULTING COMMENTS AND THEY 2186 01:40:55,315 --> 01:40:57,951 DID THE DATA ANALYSIS I REFERRED 2187 01:40:58,018 --> 01:40:59,086 TO AND THE ADVISORY COUNCIL WITH 2188 01:40:59,153 --> 01:41:00,854 A SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS. 2189 01:41:00,921 --> 01:41:02,756 COUNCIL APPROVED THOSE. 2190 01:41:02,823 --> 01:41:07,394 THOSE WERE THEN SHOPPED AROUND 2191 01:41:07,461 --> 01:41:10,898 AND VETTED ACROSS NIH WITH 2192 01:41:10,964 --> 01:41:12,666 APPROVAL FROM THE I.C. DIRECTORS 2193 01:41:12,733 --> 01:41:14,768 AND SENIOR LEADERSHIP LATER THAT 2194 01:41:14,835 --> 01:41:15,202 YEAR. 2195 01:41:15,269 --> 01:41:17,070 AGAIN, NIH PUT OUT A REQUEST FOR 2196 01:41:17,137 --> 01:41:18,305 INFORMATION TELLING THE PUBLIC 2197 01:41:18,372 --> 01:41:22,009 WE'RE THINKING OF DOING THIS AND 2198 01:41:22,075 --> 01:41:25,712 WHAT DO WE THINK AND IT TURNED 2199 01:41:25,779 --> 01:41:27,080 OUT TO BE USEFUL. 2200 01:41:27,147 --> 01:41:27,981 GENERALLY THE RESPONSE WAS WE 2201 01:41:28,048 --> 01:41:29,116 LIKE THE IDEA. 2202 01:41:29,183 --> 01:41:29,983 THERE ARE SOME THINGS NOT SO 2203 01:41:30,050 --> 01:41:30,651 CLEAR TO US. 2204 01:41:30,717 --> 01:41:36,323 THERE WERE QUESTIONS ASKING FOR 2205 01:41:36,390 --> 01:41:37,991 CLARIFICATION OF PROPOSED 2206 01:41:38,058 --> 01:41:40,327 CRITERIA. 2207 01:41:40,394 --> 01:41:42,296 THERE WERE QUESTIONS ASKING US 2208 01:41:42,362 --> 01:41:43,230 TO CLARIFY HOW THE APPLICATION 2209 01:41:43,297 --> 01:41:45,566 WOULD BE CHANGED AND FOR SEVERAL 2210 01:41:45,632 --> 01:41:49,770 MONTHS NIH WORKED TO INCORPORATE 2211 01:41:49,837 --> 01:41:53,207 THAT FEEDBACK AND MODIFY THE 2212 01:41:53,273 --> 01:41:54,074 RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH HAS BEEN 2213 01:41:54,141 --> 01:41:56,677 HAPPENED AND THIS PROCESS TOO IS 2214 01:41:56,743 --> 01:41:57,678 GOING FORWARD. 2215 01:41:57,744 --> 01:42:03,450 LAST MONTH THE HNIH ANNOUNCED TE 2216 01:42:03,517 --> 01:42:06,320 CHANGES TO THE REVIEW PROCESS 2217 01:42:06,386 --> 01:42:13,060 WILL HAPPEN. 2218 01:42:13,126 --> 01:42:15,028 LET ME BRIEFLY EXPLAIN IN TERMS 2219 01:42:15,095 --> 01:42:15,562 OF CHANGES. 2220 01:42:15,629 --> 01:42:17,397 THE FORMER FIVE CRITERIA ARE 2221 01:42:17,464 --> 01:42:18,699 BEING BOILED DOWN TO AGAIN 2222 01:42:18,765 --> 01:42:20,334 REFLECT THREE CRITICAL 2223 01:42:20,400 --> 01:42:22,069 CONSIDERATIONS THAT WE WANT 2224 01:42:22,135 --> 01:42:25,639 REVIEWERS TO THINK IN EVALUATING 2225 01:42:25,706 --> 01:42:25,939 FELLOWSHIP. 2226 01:42:26,006 --> 01:42:27,741 THE CANDIDATE'S PREPAREDNESS AND 2227 01:42:27,808 --> 01:42:29,343 POTENTIAL, THE QUALITY OF THE 2228 01:42:29,409 --> 01:42:31,245 RESEARCH TRAINING PLAN AND THE 2229 01:42:31,311 --> 01:42:36,116 COMMITMENT TO THE CANDIDATE. 2230 01:42:36,183 --> 01:42:39,820 SO THE CANDIDATE PREPAREDNESS 2231 01:42:39,887 --> 01:42:44,491 I'LL EMPHASIZE IS TO ENCOURAGE 2232 01:42:44,558 --> 01:42:45,659 REVIEWERS TO CONSIDER A WIDE 2233 01:42:45,726 --> 01:42:48,362 RANGE OF POTENTIAL AND 2234 01:42:48,428 --> 01:42:51,064 PREPAREDNESS NOT JUST 2235 01:42:51,131 --> 01:42:53,767 TRADITIONAL MARKERS OF EARLY 2236 01:42:53,834 --> 01:42:54,167 ACADEMIC SUCCESS. 2237 01:42:54,234 --> 01:42:56,336 THE COMMITMENT TO THE CANDIDATE 2238 01:42:56,403 --> 01:42:58,605 THIS ASKS REVIEWERS TO EVALUATE 2239 01:42:58,672 --> 01:42:59,673 THE SPONSOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2240 01:42:59,740 --> 01:43:01,975 IN TERMS OF WHAT THEY WILL 2241 01:43:02,042 --> 01:43:03,544 CONTRIBUTE TO THE APPLICANT'S 2242 01:43:03,610 --> 01:43:04,144 SCIENTIFIC TRAINING. 2243 01:43:04,211 --> 01:43:05,946 THESE ARE TRAINING APPLICATIONS. 2244 01:43:06,013 --> 01:43:06,647 THESE ARE TRAINING GRANTS. 2245 01:43:06,713 --> 01:43:15,689 THAT'S THE CORE OF IT. 2246 01:43:15,756 --> 01:43:17,124 THE SPONSOR'S EXTRAMURAL FUNDING 2247 01:43:17,190 --> 01:43:19,159 IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED BY PEER 2248 01:43:19,226 --> 01:43:19,393 REVIEW. 2249 01:43:19,459 --> 01:43:21,361 FOR FELLOWSHIPS THE APPLICATION 2250 01:43:21,428 --> 01:43:29,303 IS ALSO CHANGING. 2251 01:43:29,369 --> 01:43:31,471 TO OUTLINE THE CHANGES IT'S 2252 01:43:31,538 --> 01:43:34,341 ALIGNED WITH THE NEW REVIEW 2253 01:43:34,408 --> 01:43:35,909 CRITERIA THAT PUTS LESS EMPHASIS 2254 01:43:35,976 --> 01:43:37,144 ON SPONSOR TRACK RECORD AND MORE 2255 01:43:37,210 --> 01:43:39,279 EMPHASIS ON QUALITY OF THE 2256 01:43:39,346 --> 01:43:41,248 TRAINING PLAN AND INCLUDES A 2257 01:43:41,315 --> 01:43:44,351 CANDIDATE SELF-ASSESSMENT AND 2258 01:43:44,418 --> 01:43:47,020 STATEMENT ON THE SCIENTIFIC 2259 01:43:47,087 --> 01:43:47,487 PERSPECTIVE. 2260 01:43:47,554 --> 01:43:49,156 GRADES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN A SORE 2261 01:43:49,222 --> 01:43:49,356 SPOT. 2262 01:43:49,423 --> 01:43:52,326 THEY'RE NO LONGER REQUIRED OR 2263 01:43:52,392 --> 01:43:57,631 ALLOWED. 2264 01:43:57,698 --> 01:43:59,299 OVER ALL IT'S STRUCTURED AND 2265 01:43:59,366 --> 01:44:01,835 DOES A BETTER JOB OF WHO OUGHT 2266 01:44:01,902 --> 01:44:03,303 TO WRITE WHAT. 2267 01:44:03,370 --> 01:44:06,473 THE SPONSOR NEED TO DO PARTS AND 2268 01:44:06,540 --> 01:44:08,542 THAT'S BETTER LAID OUT IN THE 2269 01:44:08,609 --> 01:44:15,282 REVISED APPLICATION. 2270 01:44:15,349 --> 01:44:16,750 THESE CHANGES ARE COMING AND 2271 01:44:16,817 --> 01:44:18,151 COME INTO EFFECT FOR 2272 01:44:18,218 --> 01:44:20,187 APPLICATIONS DUE AFTER JANUARY 2273 01:44:20,253 --> 01:44:21,455 25, 2025. 2274 01:44:21,521 --> 01:44:25,058 FOR FELLOWSHIPS THAT WILL 2275 01:44:25,125 --> 01:44:27,094 TYPICALLY BE A DUE DATE OF APRIL 2276 01:44:27,160 --> 01:44:27,861 8, 2025. 2277 01:44:27,928 --> 01:44:29,363 GUIDE ON THIS IS OUT. 2278 01:44:29,429 --> 01:44:35,769 THERE'S A WEBSITE THAT INCLUDES 2279 01:44:35,836 --> 01:44:37,104 A LOT OF DETAILED INFORMATION 2280 01:44:37,170 --> 01:44:38,472 WE'RE WORKING HARD TO IMPLEMENT 2281 01:44:38,538 --> 01:44:40,540 ALL THE THINGS WE HAVE TO DO 2282 01:44:40,607 --> 01:44:44,778 INTERNALLY. 2283 01:44:44,845 --> 01:44:50,083 AGAIN, WE RECOGNIZE THE LARGE 2284 01:44:50,150 --> 01:44:50,917 OUTREACH AND COMMUNICATION AND 2285 01:44:50,984 --> 01:44:56,323 TRAINING CHALLENGE THIS CREATES. 2286 01:44:56,390 --> 01:45:05,365 THAT'S ALREADY UNDERWAY. 2287 01:45:05,432 --> 01:45:05,932 OKAY. 2288 01:45:05,999 --> 01:45:07,234 SO CHANGES IN THE PROCESSES. 2289 01:45:07,300 --> 01:45:10,570 THIS GROUP PUT TOGETHER THE 2290 01:45:10,637 --> 01:45:18,245 INITIAL CHANGE RECOMMENDATIONS. 2291 01:45:18,311 --> 01:45:20,380 SO, LET ME FROM HERE TURN TO A 2292 01:45:20,447 --> 01:45:22,983 NUMBER OF INITIATIVES DESIGN TO 2293 01:45:23,050 --> 01:45:25,185 PROMOTE FAIRNESS IN REVIEW. 2294 01:45:25,252 --> 01:45:28,321 THESE FOCUS ON THE REVIEWERS 2295 01:45:28,388 --> 01:45:32,993 THEMSELVES. 2296 01:45:33,060 --> 01:45:35,095 THERE'S SEVERAL THINGS WE'VE 2297 01:45:35,162 --> 01:45:36,196 DONE. 2298 01:45:36,263 --> 01:45:38,465 FIRST IS TRAINING CHAIRS. 2299 01:45:38,532 --> 01:45:42,536 WE HAVE 180 STUDY SECTIONS. 2300 01:45:42,602 --> 01:45:44,337 EVERY YEAR ABOUT 90 NEW CHAIRS 2301 01:45:44,404 --> 01:45:47,274 COME ON BOARD AND WE RUN A SET 2302 01:45:47,340 --> 01:45:49,710 OF NINE OR TEN SMALL GROUP 2303 01:45:49,776 --> 01:45:50,844 INTERACTIVE SECTIONS TO TRY TO 2304 01:45:50,911 --> 01:45:51,478 ORIENT THE INCOMING CHAIRS TO 2305 01:45:51,545 --> 01:46:00,320 THEIR ROLE. 2306 01:46:00,387 --> 01:46:01,555 ONE THING WAS FACILITATING 2307 01:46:01,621 --> 01:46:05,859 DISCUSSION AND TRYING GET THEM 2308 01:46:05,926 --> 01:46:08,095 TO APPRECIATE THEIR ROLE IN 2309 01:46:08,161 --> 01:46:09,362 PROMOTING FAIRNESS IN THE REVIEW 2310 01:46:09,429 --> 01:46:09,863 PROCESS. 2311 01:46:09,930 --> 01:46:11,465 FOR EXAMPLE, CHAIRS NEED TO 2312 01:46:11,531 --> 01:46:12,833 RECOGNIZE THEIR INFLUENCE. 2313 01:46:12,899 --> 01:46:14,234 THEY CAN SET AND CHANGE THE 2314 01:46:14,301 --> 01:46:24,845 CULTURE WITHIN A STUDY SECTION. 2315 01:46:25,645 --> 01:46:27,647 WE WANT TO LOOK AT 2316 01:46:27,714 --> 01:46:31,118 CONFIDENTIALITY AND INTEGRITY OF 2317 01:46:31,184 --> 01:46:36,323 COURSE BUT ONE OF LIVELY 2318 01:46:36,389 --> 01:46:38,024 INTERACTION FROM EVERYBODY 2319 01:46:38,091 --> 01:46:43,764 ACROSS THE ROOM ONE WHERE BIAS 2320 01:46:43,830 --> 01:46:45,632 STATEMENTS IF THEY APPEAR ARE 2321 01:46:45,699 --> 01:46:46,266 CALLED OUT AND DISCUSSED. 2322 01:46:46,333 --> 01:46:47,734 IT PROMOTES ON THE DISCUSSION OF 2323 01:46:47,801 --> 01:46:49,436 THINGS THAT REALLY MATTER. 2324 01:46:49,503 --> 01:46:52,305 THINK OF HOW IMPORTANT IS THE 2325 01:46:52,372 --> 01:46:52,639 SCIENCE? 2326 01:46:52,706 --> 01:46:54,274 HOW RIGOROUS AND FEASIBLE IS IT 2327 01:46:54,341 --> 01:46:56,042 AND ARE RESOURCES IN PLACE 2328 01:46:56,109 --> 01:46:57,344 FOCUSSING ON KEY QUESTIONS. 2329 01:46:57,410 --> 01:47:04,384 SO WE START WITH EDUCATING 2330 01:47:04,451 --> 01:47:10,190 ORIENTING CHAIRS TO THIS. 2331 01:47:10,257 --> 01:47:12,793 ANOTHER THING WE'VE DONE IS TO 2332 01:47:12,859 --> 01:47:14,227 IMPLEMENT AWARENESS AND 2333 01:47:14,294 --> 01:47:15,695 MITIGATION TRAINING. 2334 01:47:15,762 --> 01:47:20,534 THIS WAS DEVELOPED AND 2335 01:47:20,600 --> 01:47:22,068 IMPLEMENTED IN 2021. 2336 01:47:22,135 --> 01:47:25,739 PROBABLY MANY OF YOU HAVE TAKEN 2337 01:47:25,806 --> 01:47:28,909 IT I HOPE, AND IF YOU HAVE 2338 01:47:28,975 --> 01:47:31,411 YOU'LL NOTE IT'S TARGETED TO 2339 01:47:31,478 --> 01:47:32,913 MITIGATING THE MOST COMMON 2340 01:47:32,979 --> 01:47:33,947 BIASES IN THE PEER REVIEW 2341 01:47:34,014 --> 01:47:34,614 PROCESSES. 2342 01:47:34,681 --> 01:47:36,750 LOOKING AT REPUTATIONAL BIAS. 2343 01:47:36,817 --> 01:47:42,289 THIS IS NOT GENERAL IMPLICIT 2344 01:47:42,355 --> 01:47:42,789 BIAS TRAINING. 2345 01:47:42,856 --> 01:47:47,194 IT'S A 30-MINUTE TRAINING OVER 2346 01:47:47,260 --> 01:47:48,862 34,000 NIH REVIEWERS HAVE NOW 2347 01:47:48,929 --> 01:47:49,563 TAKEN. 2348 01:47:49,629 --> 01:47:52,332 GENERALLY, THIS HAS BEEN REALLY 2349 01:47:52,399 --> 01:47:56,336 WELL RECEIVED BY THE SCIENTIFIC 2350 01:47:56,403 --> 01:48:02,242 COMMUNITY WHICH SURVEYED AND WE 2351 01:48:02,309 --> 01:48:04,344 HAVE A GOOD BASE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT 2352 01:48:04,411 --> 01:48:04,611 THIS. 2353 01:48:04,678 --> 01:48:08,815 PEOPLE SAY NICE THINGS ABOUT 2354 01:48:08,882 --> 01:48:09,149 THAT. 2355 01:48:09,216 --> 01:48:11,751 MORE IMPORTANT IS IT HAVING AN 2356 01:48:11,818 --> 01:48:11,985 AFFECT. 2357 01:48:12,052 --> 01:48:13,854 IF YOU SURVEY THEM THEY SAY IT'S 2358 01:48:13,920 --> 01:48:15,021 HAVING AN AFFECT AND IF YOU ASK 2359 01:48:15,088 --> 01:48:17,090 THEM ABOUT THE IMPACT OF 2360 01:48:17,157 --> 01:48:19,526 TRAINING ON THEIR COMFORT ON 2361 01:48:19,593 --> 01:48:21,728 DOING SOMETHING IF THEY NOTICE 2362 01:48:21,795 --> 01:48:26,066 BIAS IN REVIEW, 90% SAY THE 2363 01:48:26,132 --> 01:48:27,133 TRAINING HELPED THEM FEEL EITHER 2364 01:48:27,200 --> 01:48:30,303 MORE COMFORTABLE TO A LARGE OR 2365 01:48:30,370 --> 01:48:31,004 MODERATE EXTENT. 2366 01:48:31,071 --> 01:48:34,407 BUT WE ALSO SEE THIS IN 2367 01:48:34,474 --> 01:48:34,674 REVIEWERS. 2368 01:48:34,741 --> 01:48:40,714 IN OBSERVING MEETINGS YOU SEE 2369 01:48:40,780 --> 01:48:42,315 INSTANCES WHERE PEOPLE ARE 2370 01:48:42,382 --> 01:48:48,088 CLEARLY IMPLEMENTING THE 2371 01:48:48,154 --> 01:48:49,322 TRAINING AND ANOTHER REVIEWER 2372 01:48:49,389 --> 01:48:51,892 WILL SAY DID YOU TAKE THE 2373 01:48:51,958 --> 01:48:52,158 TRAINING? 2374 01:48:52,225 --> 01:48:55,395 THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT YOU'RE NOT 2375 01:48:55,462 --> 01:48:55,929 SUPPOSED TO BE DOING AND 2376 01:48:55,996 --> 01:48:57,330 PROMOTES DISCUSSION. 2377 01:48:57,397 --> 01:49:01,768 THIS IS NOW REQUIRED FOR ALL NIH 2378 01:49:01,835 --> 01:49:02,035 REVIEWERS. 2379 01:49:02,102 --> 01:49:03,270 BEFORE A REVIEWER CAN REVIEW FOR 2380 01:49:03,336 --> 01:49:04,337 THE FIRST TIME THEY HAVE TO 2381 01:49:04,404 --> 01:49:14,748 UPDATE THE TRAINING. 2382 01:49:18,451 --> 01:49:22,422 AND WE HAVE A REVIEW INTEGRITY 2383 01:49:22,489 --> 01:49:23,790 TRAINING MODULE. 2384 01:49:23,857 --> 01:49:25,292 YOU MAY THINK INTEGRITY, WHAT'S 2385 01:49:25,358 --> 01:49:34,167 THERE TO TALK ABOUT THERE? 2386 01:49:34,234 --> 01:49:36,569 DON'T LIE, DON'T CHEAT BUT 2387 01:49:36,636 --> 01:49:41,808 REVIEWERS ARE COLLEAGUES WITH 2388 01:49:41,875 --> 01:49:43,643 APPLICA 2389 01:49:43,710 --> 01:49:46,313 APPLICANTS THAT OVERLAPPING ROLE 2390 01:49:46,379 --> 01:49:48,348 CREATES OPPORTUNITY FOR LAPSES 2391 01:49:48,415 --> 01:49:50,450 OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND ALL THIS 2392 01:49:50,517 --> 01:49:52,319 DOWN STREAM NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF 2393 01:49:52,385 --> 01:49:53,053 THAT. 2394 01:49:53,119 --> 01:49:56,122 AND SO THIS TRAINING REALLY 2395 01:49:56,189 --> 01:50:01,728 FOCUSES ON THE DUAL ROLES THAT 2396 01:50:01,795 --> 01:50:05,699 REVIEWERS HAVE. 2397 01:50:05,765 --> 01:50:07,567 SAY COLLEGIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND 2398 01:50:07,634 --> 01:50:10,370 WALKS THEM THROUGH TRICKY THINGS 2399 01:50:10,437 --> 01:50:10,770 THAT CAN COME UP. 2400 01:50:10,837 --> 01:50:13,239 OVER 30,000 REVIEWERS HAVE 2401 01:50:13,306 --> 01:50:14,074 COMPLETED THIS. 2402 01:50:14,140 --> 01:50:17,377 IT IS ALSO WELL RECEIVED, 90% 2403 01:50:17,444 --> 01:50:19,279 SAID THEY FEEL THEY HAVE A 2404 01:50:19,346 --> 01:50:21,915 SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE OF WHAT 2405 01:50:21,982 --> 01:50:24,317 THEY CAN DO TO COMMAND AND 2406 01:50:24,384 --> 01:50:25,618 REPORT INTEGRITY BREACHES AND 2407 01:50:25,685 --> 01:50:28,321 MORE COMFORTABLE CONTACTING NIH 2408 01:50:28,388 --> 01:50:31,358 WITH CONCERNS. 2409 01:50:31,424 --> 01:50:35,028 AND AGAIN, THIS IS NOT 2410 01:50:35,095 --> 01:50:36,129 REQUIRED -- NOW REQUIRED FOR ALL 2411 01:50:36,196 --> 01:50:46,439 NIH REVIEWERS. 2412 01:50:47,407 --> 01:50:52,412 YOU CAN REPORT INSTANCES OF BIAS 2413 01:50:52,479 --> 01:50:53,980 DIRECTLY TO CSR. 2414 01:50:54,047 --> 01:50:55,615 THAT'S THE E-MAIL THERE YOU SEE 2415 01:50:55,682 --> 01:50:57,550 ON THE SIGNATURE BLOCK OF ALL 2416 01:50:57,617 --> 01:51:08,061 SRO AND ALL OF OUR STAFF. 2417 01:51:13,033 --> 01:51:18,304 IF WE REVIEW THERE WAS BIAS 2418 01:51:18,371 --> 01:51:19,939 WE'LL REVIEW THAT IN THE SAME 2419 01:51:20,006 --> 01:51:20,373 COUNCIL ROUND. 2420 01:51:20,440 --> 01:51:22,108 THIS IS NOT GOING TO APPEAL JUST 2421 01:51:22,175 --> 01:51:23,209 SOMETHING BROUGHT TO OUR 2422 01:51:23,276 --> 01:51:24,377 ATTENTION, WE THINK IT WAS 2423 01:51:24,444 --> 01:51:27,847 FLAWED, WE'LL DO WHATEVER WE CAN 2424 01:51:27,914 --> 01:51:30,717 TO FIX IT IN THAT COUNCIL. 2425 01:51:30,784 --> 01:51:31,584 IF WE DISAGREE AND DON'T THINK 2426 01:51:31,651 --> 01:51:35,655 IT WAS A PROBLEM AND THE 2427 01:51:35,722 --> 01:51:36,756 OFFICIAL NIH APPEALS PROCESS IS 2428 01:51:36,823 --> 01:51:38,291 STILL OPEN NO THOSE INDIVIDUALS. 2429 01:51:38,358 --> 01:51:40,093 BUT WE DON'T JUST FIX THE 2430 01:51:40,160 --> 01:51:43,163 REVIEW, WE TRY TO FIX THE SOURCE 2431 01:51:43,229 --> 01:51:46,166 OF THE PROBLEM SO FOR EXAMPLEFUL 2432 01:51:46,232 --> 01:51:48,001 A REVIEWER SAID SOMETHING 2433 01:51:48,068 --> 01:51:50,070 BIASSED IN THEIR CRITIQUE, WE 2434 01:51:50,136 --> 01:51:51,337 ASK A DIVISION DIRECTOR TO GIVE 2435 01:51:51,404 --> 01:51:52,338 THAT PERSON A CALL AND HAVE A 2436 01:51:52,405 --> 01:51:54,107 CHAT. 2437 01:51:54,174 --> 01:51:56,609 IT'S NOT INTENDED TO BE A 2438 01:51:56,676 --> 01:52:00,513 SCOLDING CHAT. 2439 01:52:00,580 --> 01:52:02,415 IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE LIKE THIS IS 2440 01:52:02,482 --> 01:52:03,450 PROBLEMATIC AND WE UNDERSTAND 2441 01:52:03,516 --> 01:52:08,388 WHY IT WAS PROBLEMATIC AND HOW 2442 01:52:08,455 --> 01:52:09,689 YOU MIGHT APPROPRIATELY MAYBE 2443 01:52:09,756 --> 01:52:12,325 ADDRESS WHAT MIGHT BE THE 2444 01:52:12,392 --> 01:52:12,759 UNDERLYING CONCERN. 2445 01:52:12,826 --> 01:52:14,894 MOST THE CONVERSATIONS TWO THAT 2446 01:52:14,961 --> 01:52:23,670 WAY AND WE'RE TRYING TO AGAIN 2447 01:52:23,736 --> 01:52:25,338 SHAPE AWARENESS AND CULTURE. 2448 01:52:25,405 --> 01:52:27,006 TO EMPHASIZE YOU CAN REPORT ANY 2449 01:52:27,073 --> 01:52:33,446 PROBLEM THERE IN BIAS, INTEGRITY 2450 01:52:33,513 --> 01:52:34,848 ANYTHING. 2451 01:52:34,914 --> 01:52:36,316 WE'LL LOOK INTO IT. 2452 01:52:36,382 --> 01:52:44,958 THEN I WANT TO TURN TO CSI'S 2453 01:52:45,024 --> 01:52:45,358 EFFORTS. 2454 01:52:45,425 --> 01:52:48,328 THIS IS THE APPROACH WE'VE 2455 01:52:48,394 --> 01:52:48,895 TAKEN. 2456 01:52:48,962 --> 01:52:50,864 IT STARTS WITH TRYING TO MAKE 2457 01:52:50,930 --> 01:52:55,735 SURE EVERYBODY THAT IS OUR SROs 2458 01:52:55,802 --> 01:52:58,505 AND CHIEFS AND HOPEFULLY 2459 01:52:58,571 --> 01:53:00,106 REVIEWERS THEMSELVES UNDER THE 2460 01:53:00,173 --> 01:53:01,641 CRITICAL NEED FOR NIH TO HEAR 2461 01:53:01,708 --> 01:53:02,142 DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES. 2462 01:53:02,208 --> 01:53:05,545 THAT LETS REVIEWERS DO THE BEST 2463 01:53:05,612 --> 01:53:08,615 JOB OF FULFILLING PEER REVIEW'S 2464 01:53:08,681 --> 01:53:12,385 MISSION TO IDENTIFY THE BEST 2465 01:53:12,452 --> 01:53:12,619 SCIENCE. 2466 01:53:12,685 --> 01:53:14,921 SO THAT MEANS THE MOST EFFECTIVE 2467 01:53:14,988 --> 01:53:18,191 BEST WE ROUX COMMITTEES ARE 2468 01:53:18,258 --> 01:53:20,260 BROADLY DIVERSE AMONG MULTIPLE 2469 01:53:20,326 --> 01:53:23,696 DIMENSIONS. 2470 01:53:23,763 --> 01:53:26,432 RANGE OF PERSPECTIVES. 2471 01:53:26,499 --> 01:53:27,834 THESE INCLUDE DIVERSITY ALONG 2472 01:53:27,901 --> 01:53:32,338 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 2473 01:53:32,405 --> 01:53:34,073 PERSPECTIVE AND GEOGRAPHIC 2474 01:53:34,140 --> 01:53:36,109 DIVERSITY, ARRANGE OF CAREER 2475 01:53:36,176 --> 01:53:38,745 STAGES AND A RANGE OF PRIOR 2476 01:53:38,811 --> 01:53:40,046 REVIEW EXPERIENCE. 2477 01:53:40,113 --> 01:53:42,348 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE LOOKING FOR ON 2478 01:53:42,415 --> 01:53:42,615 PANELS. 2479 01:53:42,682 --> 01:53:44,984 WE PAID ATTENTION TO THESE 2480 01:53:45,051 --> 01:53:48,121 THINGS PRETTY CAREFULLY ON STUDY 2481 01:53:48,188 --> 01:53:48,621 SECTION MEMBERS. 2482 01:53:48,688 --> 01:53:51,824 THE APPOINTED MEMBERS. 2483 01:53:51,891 --> 01:53:57,497 IN THE LAST FEW YEARS WE'VE 2484 01:53:57,564 --> 01:53:59,098 ENHANCED OUR SPECIAL EMPHASIS 2485 01:53:59,165 --> 01:54:00,800 PANELS WHERE EVERYBODY SERVES ON 2486 01:54:00,867 --> 01:54:02,468 IT ON A TEMPORARY BASIS. 2487 01:54:02,535 --> 01:54:04,137 SO THE GOAL IS TO RAISE 2488 01:54:04,204 --> 01:54:09,309 COLLECTIVE AWARENESS TO SET 2489 01:54:09,375 --> 01:54:10,577 EXPECTATIONS AND TO SHARE DATA 2490 01:54:10,643 --> 01:54:12,645 WITH OUR MANAGEMENT STAFF. 2491 01:54:12,712 --> 01:54:14,314 WE ALSO TRY TO PROVIDE TOOLS FOR 2492 01:54:14,380 --> 01:54:19,986 SROs. 2493 01:54:20,053 --> 01:54:21,588 THEY NEED THE TOOLS TO HELP THEM 2494 01:54:21,654 --> 01:54:23,690 FIND LESSER KNOWN REVIEWERS TO 2495 01:54:23,756 --> 01:54:28,328 TRY TO GET THEM OUT OF THEIR 2496 01:54:28,394 --> 01:54:31,297 MENTAL ROLODEX AND NEED PLACES 2497 01:54:31,364 --> 01:54:34,968 TO LOOK FOR NEW MEPEOPLE. 2498 01:54:35,034 --> 01:54:36,669 THIS IS ONE TOOL WE'VE CREATED 2499 01:54:36,736 --> 01:54:38,004 AND POINT I WOULD MAKE ABOUT 2500 01:54:38,071 --> 01:54:40,340 THIS IS WE'VE ASSEMBLED 2501 01:54:40,406 --> 01:54:42,308 POTENTIAL REVIEWERS OUT OF A LOT 2502 01:54:42,375 --> 01:54:45,078 OF SOURCES. 2503 01:54:45,144 --> 01:54:46,079 SOME ARE NIH'S BUSINESS SYSTEMS 2504 01:54:46,145 --> 01:54:51,784 BUT GOES OUTSIDE OF THAT. 2505 01:54:51,851 --> 01:54:54,120 FOR EXAMPLE, I.C. PROGRAM STAFF 2506 01:54:54,187 --> 01:54:57,790 CAN SUGGEST POSSIBLE REVIEWS. 2507 01:54:57,857 --> 01:54:59,259 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES CAN 2508 01:54:59,325 --> 01:55:02,895 SUGGEST REVIEWERS. 2509 01:55:02,962 --> 01:55:07,133 WE'VE ALSO LOOKED -- THERE'S A 2510 01:55:07,200 --> 01:55:08,334 CONCERN THAT ROOM YOU SHOULDN'T 2511 01:55:08,401 --> 01:55:12,071 HAVE TO HAVE NIH FUNDING TO 2512 01:55:12,138 --> 01:55:13,439 REVIEW NIH GRANTS. 2513 01:55:13,506 --> 01:55:16,342 SOUND LIKE A CLOSE LOOP. 2514 01:55:16,409 --> 01:55:17,744 WE REVIEWED POTENTIAL REVIEWERS 2515 01:55:17,810 --> 01:55:20,513 WHO ARE FUNDING FROM OTHER 2516 01:55:20,580 --> 01:55:24,584 AGENCIES WHO ARE FROM PROMINENT 2517 01:55:24,651 --> 01:55:25,218 PHILANTHROPIC ORGANIZATIONS IN 2518 01:55:25,285 --> 01:55:29,389 THE DATABASE. 2519 01:55:29,455 --> 01:55:31,691 AND THESE CHANGES UP AGGREGATE 2520 01:55:31,758 --> 01:55:35,561 DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. 2521 01:55:35,628 --> 01:55:36,195 SO THIS SHOWS THE 2522 01:55:36,262 --> 01:55:37,597 REPRESENTATION -- THESE ARE A 2523 01:55:37,664 --> 01:55:39,132 COUPLE YEARS OF DIVERSITY ON OUR 2524 01:55:39,198 --> 01:55:40,199 STUDY SECTION. 2525 01:55:40,266 --> 01:55:41,901 FOCUSSING ON GENDER AND MINORITY 2526 01:55:41,968 --> 01:55:44,103 REPRESENTATION. 2527 01:55:44,170 --> 01:55:46,272 LET ME JUST HAVE YOU LOOK AT THE 2528 01:55:46,339 --> 01:55:52,345 RIGHT SIDE WHICH IS WHAT IT WAS 2529 01:55:52,412 --> 01:55:53,680 AS OF JANUARY. 2530 01:55:53,746 --> 01:56:01,020 SO IF YOU LOOK AT REPRESENTATION 2531 01:56:01,087 --> 01:56:05,191 OF WOMEN 34% OF THE P.I.s THAT 2532 01:56:05,258 --> 01:56:06,025 SUBMIT ARE WOMEN. 2533 01:56:06,092 --> 01:56:11,597 IN CONTRAST, 41% OF THE 2534 01:56:11,664 --> 01:56:13,700 REVIEWERS WHO SERVE ARE WOMEN 2535 01:56:13,766 --> 01:56:16,336 AND 45% OF APPOINTED MEMBERS ARE 2536 01:56:16,402 --> 01:56:21,874 WOMEN. 2537 01:56:21,941 --> 01:56:26,446 LOOKING AT UNDER REPRESENTED 2538 01:56:26,512 --> 01:56:29,015 MINORITIES THE FIGURE FOR P.I.s 2539 01:56:29,082 --> 01:56:31,217 APPLICATION TO CR ARE 9%. 2540 01:56:31,284 --> 01:56:36,122 IN CONTRAST WE HAVE 13% OF OUR 2541 01:56:36,189 --> 01:56:37,590 AD HOCS ON SEPS UNDER 2542 01:56:37,657 --> 01:56:40,326 REPRESENTED MINORITY AND 16% OF 2543 01:56:40,393 --> 01:56:44,364 THE APPOINTED MEMBERS ARE UNDER 2544 01:56:44,430 --> 01:56:46,566 REPRESENTED MINORITIES. 2545 01:56:46,632 --> 01:56:48,334 AND THE LINES DON'T GO STEEPLY 2546 01:56:48,401 --> 01:56:50,203 UP BUT THEY DO IF YOU LOOK AT 2547 01:56:50,269 --> 01:56:55,007 THEM CLOSELY, THEY'RE INCREASING 2548 01:56:55,074 --> 01:56:56,342 OVER TIME. 2549 01:56:56,409 --> 01:56:59,145 AND SO THIS IS SOMETHING WHERE 2550 01:56:59,212 --> 01:57:02,682 THERE'S MORE WORK TO BE DONE. 2551 01:57:02,749 --> 01:57:05,084 LET ME SHOW YOU ANOTHER EXAMPLE 2552 01:57:05,151 --> 01:57:06,786 OF THE CHANGING DIVERSIFYING THE 2553 01:57:06,853 --> 01:57:08,554 STUDY SECTION MEMBERSHIP. 2554 01:57:08,621 --> 01:57:10,390 SO HERE WE'RE CLASSIFYING 2555 01:57:10,456 --> 01:57:12,325 REVIEWERS ACCORDING TO THEIR 2556 01:57:12,392 --> 01:57:14,060 ACADEMIC RANK. 2557 01:57:14,127 --> 01:57:18,731 AND IF YOU LOOK BACK IN 2019, 2558 01:57:18,798 --> 01:57:20,666 74% WERE FULL PROFESSORS. 2559 01:57:20,733 --> 01:57:22,135 THAT'S THE LIGHT BLUE. 2560 01:57:22,201 --> 01:57:27,373 THE DARK BLUE ON THE BOTTOM WAS 2561 01:57:27,440 --> 01:57:30,042 ASSOCIATES AND THE VISIBLE GRAY 2562 01:57:30,109 --> 01:57:33,479 ARE ASSISTANTS, 1%. 2563 01:57:33,546 --> 01:57:35,348 IN 2023 IT HAD CHANGED QUITE A 2564 01:57:35,415 --> 01:57:38,384 BIT AS YOU SEE. 2565 01:57:38,451 --> 01:57:41,954 NOW, 45% AND 44% ARE ASSOCIATES 2566 01:57:42,021 --> 01:57:47,059 AND 8% ASSISTANTS. 2567 01:57:47,126 --> 01:57:49,095 LARGER DIVERSITY REPRESENTED IN 2568 01:57:49,162 --> 01:57:59,705 THE STANDARD SUBSECTION MEMBERS. 2569 01:58:02,809 --> 01:58:07,914 I'LL SAY BRIEFLY ANOTHER THING 2570 01:58:07,980 --> 01:58:18,324 WE'VE DONE AND THE PRESENT AT 2571 01:58:18,391 --> 01:58:21,127 EVERY STANDING STUDY SECTION AND 2572 01:58:21,194 --> 01:58:24,397 LOOK AT REDUCED LOAD BUT GET THE 2573 01:58:24,464 --> 01:58:25,565 VALUABLE FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE 2574 01:58:25,631 --> 01:58:31,671 OF SEEING HOW NIH REVIEW UNFOLDS 2575 01:58:31,737 --> 01:58:36,876 AND HOPEFULLY HELPS US BUILD 2576 01:58:36,943 --> 01:58:37,477 MORE DIVERSE POOL FOR FUTURE 2577 01:58:37,543 --> 01:58:45,117 REVIEWERS. 2578 01:58:45,184 --> 01:58:45,751 I'VE COVERED A LOT BUT THERE'S 2579 01:58:45,818 --> 01:58:53,125 MORE. 2580 01:58:53,192 --> 01:58:55,194 THIS IS ON OUR WEBSITE AND IF 2581 01:58:55,261 --> 01:58:57,096 YOU'RE INTERESTED IN ANY OF WHAT 2582 01:58:57,163 --> 01:58:59,499 I TALKED ABOUT TODAY YOU CAN 2583 01:58:59,565 --> 01:59:00,366 FIND DATA RELATED TO THIS ON THE 2584 01:59:00,433 --> 01:59:03,002 WEBSITE. 2585 01:59:03,069 --> 01:59:06,339 OR YOU CAN E-MAIL ME. 2586 01:59:06,405 --> 01:59:10,009 HAPPY TO CORRESPOND. 2587 01:59:10,076 --> 01:59:11,878 AND HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS. 2588 01:59:11,944 --> 01:59:13,346 >> WE DID HAVE A COUPLE IN THE 2589 01:59:13,412 --> 01:59:13,613 CHAT. 2590 01:59:13,679 --> 01:59:16,482 WHY DON'T WE START THERE. 2591 01:59:16,549 --> 01:59:17,049 LOUISE. 2592 01:59:17,116 --> 01:59:19,752 >> I WAS VERY INTERESTED BY THAT 2593 01:59:19,819 --> 01:59:22,522 KIND OF GAP THE DELTA BETWEEN 2594 01:59:22,588 --> 01:59:26,893 31% FUNDED I BELIEVE IF YOU GO 2595 01:59:26,959 --> 01:59:34,267 BACK A SLIDE AND THEN OR 41% 2596 01:59:34,333 --> 01:59:35,635 REVIEWING OR JUST WANTED TO SEE 2597 01:59:35,701 --> 01:59:37,136 IF THAT'S THE SAME PROPORTION 2598 01:59:37,203 --> 01:59:39,705 FOR MEN OTHERWISE WOMEN MAY BE 2599 01:59:39,772 --> 01:59:40,806 DOING OR UNDER REPRESENTED 2600 01:59:40,873 --> 01:59:42,375 GROUPS MAY BE DOING ADDITIONAL 2601 01:59:42,441 --> 01:59:44,610 WORK SOMETIMES PEOPLE CALL IT 2602 01:59:44,677 --> 01:59:45,945 THE DIVERSITY TAX. 2603 01:59:46,012 --> 01:59:48,314 SO IF THEY'RE DOING WAY MORE 2604 01:59:48,381 --> 01:59:50,049 REVIEW WHICH IS VERY TIME 2605 01:59:50,116 --> 01:59:51,284 CONSUMING, ARE THEY GETTING THE 2606 01:59:51,350 --> 01:59:54,053 SAME BENEFIT? 2607 01:59:54,120 --> 01:59:57,657 I'M JUST WONDERING FOR MEN IS IT 2608 01:59:57,723 --> 02:00:00,026 THE SAME RATE 31% OR 41% 2609 02:00:00,092 --> 02:00:03,229 WHATEVER IT WAS FUNDED WERE 45% 2610 02:00:03,296 --> 02:00:03,996 WERE REVIEWING? 2611 02:00:04,063 --> 02:00:04,897 DOES THAT MAKE SENSE WHAT I'M 2612 02:00:04,964 --> 02:00:06,432 TRYING TO SAY? 2613 02:00:06,499 --> 02:00:10,069 >> I THINK I UNDERSTAND. 2614 02:00:10,136 --> 02:00:14,307 WOMEN AS A PROPORTION OF 2615 02:00:14,373 --> 02:00:19,812 REVIEWERS, WOMEN ARE OVER 2616 02:00:19,879 --> 02:00:20,980 REPRESENTED COMPARED TO 2617 02:00:21,047 --> 02:00:21,747 REPRESENTATION UP SUBMITTING 2618 02:00:21,814 --> 02:00:24,317 APPLICATIONS. 2619 02:00:24,383 --> 02:00:24,617 MEN ARE NOT. 2620 02:00:24,684 --> 02:00:27,520 UNDER REPRESENTED MINORITIES ARE 2621 02:00:27,587 --> 02:00:30,022 ALSO OVER REPRESENTED UPON 2622 02:00:30,089 --> 02:00:31,624 REVIEW PANELS RELATIVE TO THE 2623 02:00:31,691 --> 02:00:32,191 NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS THEY 2624 02:00:32,258 --> 02:00:35,094 SUBMIT. 2625 02:00:35,161 --> 02:00:36,796 >> SO, WE MAY NEED TO PAY 2626 02:00:36,862 --> 02:00:37,730 ATTENTION TO THAT THOUGH THE 2627 02:00:37,797 --> 02:00:40,266 NUMBERS OF REVIEWERS ARE GOING 2628 02:00:40,333 --> 02:00:41,934 UP, IF THE NUMBERS OF WOMEN 2629 02:00:42,001 --> 02:00:48,341 GETTING FUNDED ARE OR UNDER 2630 02:00:48,407 --> 02:00:50,743 REPRESENTED GROUPS GETTING 2631 02:00:50,810 --> 02:00:51,911 FUNDED IT'S A DISSERVICE SO 2632 02:00:51,978 --> 02:00:53,546 THAT'S AN IMPORTANT METRIC TO 2633 02:00:53,613 --> 02:00:54,180 TRACK AS WELL. 2634 02:00:54,246 --> 02:00:55,014 >> YEAH. 2635 02:00:55,081 --> 02:00:56,349 ONE OF THE THINGS WE DO IS PAY 2636 02:00:56,415 --> 02:00:58,284 ATTENTION TO THE EXTENT OF 2637 02:00:58,351 --> 02:00:58,918 REVIEW SERVICE THAT ANY GIVEN 2638 02:00:58,985 --> 02:01:04,624 REVIEWER HAS. 2639 02:01:04,690 --> 02:01:08,327 THIS I WILL SAY DOESN'T COME SO 2640 02:01:08,394 --> 02:01:09,862 MUCH FROM THE STANDPOINT OF 2641 02:01:09,929 --> 02:01:11,530 CONCERN ABOUT OVERLOADING 2642 02:01:11,597 --> 02:01:16,168 REVIEWERS BUT IT DOES HAVE THAT 2643 02:01:16,235 --> 02:01:16,435 EFFECT. 2644 02:01:16,502 --> 02:01:18,838 SO THE NUMBERS WE LOOKED AT 2645 02:01:18,904 --> 02:01:21,774 ABOUT OVER REPRESENTATION ARE 2646 02:01:21,841 --> 02:01:23,275 HAPPENING AT A POPULATION LEVEL. 2647 02:01:23,342 --> 02:01:25,011 WHEN YOU LOOK AT INDIVIDUAL 2648 02:01:25,077 --> 02:01:28,214 LEVELS, I THINK THE QUESTION IS 2649 02:01:28,280 --> 02:01:31,484 SORT OF ARE WOMEN AND OTHER 2650 02:01:31,550 --> 02:01:33,686 GROUPS BEING ASKED TO DO LOTS OF 2651 02:01:33,753 --> 02:01:34,453 SERVICE -- 2652 02:01:34,520 --> 02:01:37,256 >> ARE THEY GETTING THE SAME 2653 02:01:37,323 --> 02:01:38,557 BANG FOR THEIR BUCK FOR THE 2654 02:01:38,624 --> 02:01:41,794 SERVICE THEY'RE PROVIDING? 2655 02:01:41,861 --> 02:01:43,462 >> THEY'RE NOTHING AT AN 2656 02:01:43,529 --> 02:01:44,063 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL THEY'RE NOT 2657 02:01:44,130 --> 02:01:45,998 BEING ASKED TO DO MORE SERVICE. 2658 02:01:46,065 --> 02:01:47,266 ACTUALLY, WE MONITOR THIS AND 2659 02:01:47,333 --> 02:01:53,039 WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE DON'T 2660 02:01:53,105 --> 02:01:55,641 SERVE EXCESSIVELY. 2661 02:01:55,708 --> 02:02:05,718 SO IT'S DEFINITELY A CONCERN AND 2662 02:02:05,785 --> 02:02:11,624 HARD TO MONITOR AT AN AGENCY 2663 02:02:11,691 --> 02:02:11,824 LEVEL. 2664 02:02:11,891 --> 02:02:13,926 THESE ARE INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS. 2665 02:02:13,993 --> 02:02:21,267 THEY'RE VOLUNTARY AND WE DO 2666 02:02:21,333 --> 02:02:22,735 WE'LL HEAR FROM PEOPLE 2667 02:02:22,802 --> 02:02:23,035 OVERLOADED. 2668 02:02:23,102 --> 02:02:31,544 THAT HAPPENS. 2669 02:02:31,610 --> 02:02:33,679 >> THERE ARE HUGE BENEFITS TO 2670 02:02:33,746 --> 02:02:37,116 REVIEW YOU'RE A BETTER GRANT 2671 02:02:37,183 --> 02:02:40,786 WRITER BUT IS IT TOO MUCH AND 2672 02:02:40,853 --> 02:02:41,454 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT THEM 2673 02:02:41,520 --> 02:02:44,356 TO GET LESS FUNDING SO TRACKING 2674 02:02:44,423 --> 02:02:45,624 THE DELTA BETWEEN FUNDED AND 2675 02:02:45,691 --> 02:02:48,327 REVIEW AND MAKING SURE THAT'S 2676 02:02:48,394 --> 02:02:49,395 EVEN ACROSS GROUPS MIGHT BE AN 2677 02:02:49,462 --> 02:02:52,665 EASY WAY TO DO IT AND IF IT 2678 02:02:52,732 --> 02:02:54,633 SEEMS TO BE THAT DELTA IS 2679 02:02:54,700 --> 02:02:56,335 GROWING THEN IT'S SOMETHING WE 2680 02:02:56,402 --> 02:03:01,474 NEED TO THINK ABOUT. 2681 02:03:01,540 --> 02:03:01,674 OKAY. 2682 02:03:01,741 --> 02:03:02,007 I'LL BE QUIET. 2683 02:03:02,074 --> 02:03:05,311 SORRY. 2684 02:03:05,377 --> 02:03:08,347 >> DOES THAT ROUGHLY COVER YOUR 2685 02:03:08,414 --> 02:03:09,782 POINT? 2686 02:03:09,849 --> 02:03:16,422 >> I THINK THAT MOSTLY COVERS 2687 02:03:16,489 --> 02:03:27,032 BUT I WAS ASKED [INDISCERNIBLE] 2688 02:03:29,001 --> 02:03:33,439 >> THE MORE SERVICE TIME WOMEN 2689 02:03:33,506 --> 02:03:36,909 ARE PUTTING INTO THE RELIEF AND 2690 02:03:36,976 --> 02:03:41,113 LOOKING TO CLOSE THE DELTA WE 2691 02:03:41,180 --> 02:03:41,647 WERE TALKING ABOUT. 2692 02:03:41,714 --> 02:03:42,148 >> OKAY. 2693 02:03:42,214 --> 02:03:45,017 WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO IS WE'RE 2694 02:03:45,084 --> 02:03:46,285 GOING TO DO -- BECAUSE I WANT TO 2695 02:03:46,352 --> 02:03:49,155 HEAR THE ANSWER MYSELF, AND THEN 2696 02:03:49,221 --> 02:03:52,091 WE'LL MOVE TO THE HANDS IN THE 2697 02:03:52,158 --> 02:03:52,291 CHAT. 2698 02:03:52,358 --> 02:03:54,326 SO JUST THE REMOVAL OF THE 2699 02:03:54,393 --> 02:03:57,930 BUDGET ASPECT OF THE REVIEW, ARE 2700 02:03:57,997 --> 02:04:00,766 THERE GOING TO BE ANY ELEMENT OF 2701 02:04:00,833 --> 02:04:04,370 THAT OR IS THE BUDGET NOT 2702 02:04:04,436 --> 02:04:04,770 BROUGHT UP AT ALL? 2703 02:04:04,837 --> 02:04:07,439 >> SO, REVIEW OF RPGs. 2704 02:04:07,506 --> 02:04:09,475 UNDER THE SIMPLIFIED REVIEW 2705 02:04:09,542 --> 02:04:10,276 PRINT, THE BUDGET WILL BE 2706 02:04:10,342 --> 02:04:11,544 REVIEW. 2707 02:04:11,610 --> 02:04:17,349 IT HAS TO BE REVIEWED BY ALL. 2708 02:04:17,416 --> 02:04:21,453 SO THAT IS THERE AND WE'LL ASK 2709 02:04:21,520 --> 02:04:23,689 REVIEWERS TO COMMENT ON IT. 2710 02:04:23,756 --> 02:04:25,191 IF THERE WERE CONSENSUS IT WOULD 2711 02:04:25,257 --> 02:04:26,625 MAKE THE ADMIN NOTE THAT SHOULD 2712 02:04:26,692 --> 02:04:33,699 BE NOT REMOVED OR WHAT NOT. 2713 02:04:33,766 --> 02:04:33,899 OKAY. 2714 02:04:33,966 --> 02:04:34,867 GREAT. 2715 02:04:34,934 --> 02:04:35,968 TIM. 2716 02:04:36,035 --> 02:04:36,802 >> THANK YOU. 2717 02:04:36,869 --> 02:04:38,237 I'D LIKE TO HEAR THE CLARITY AND 2718 02:04:38,304 --> 02:04:39,638 PROGRESS OF CSR. 2719 02:04:39,705 --> 02:04:40,873 TWO QUESTIONS. 2720 02:04:40,940 --> 02:04:42,908 ONE WAS SIMPLE, WHAT FRACTION OF 2721 02:04:42,975 --> 02:04:45,411 PEOPLE THAT YOU APPROACH FOR 2722 02:04:45,477 --> 02:04:48,480 STUDY SECTION ROLES UNDER AD HOC 2723 02:04:48,547 --> 02:04:53,219 ACTUALLY SAY NO? 2724 02:04:53,285 --> 02:04:55,888 WHEN I WAS DOING IT MORE OFTEN, 2725 02:04:55,955 --> 02:04:57,723 I HAD A LOT OF PEOPLE THAT 2726 02:04:57,790 --> 02:04:59,425 DIDN'T WANT TO DO IT AND WERE 2727 02:04:59,491 --> 02:05:01,694 GOOD SCIENTISTS AND I FELT IT 2728 02:05:01,760 --> 02:05:05,564 WAS UNACCEPTABLE AND CITIZENSHIP 2729 02:05:05,631 --> 02:05:06,532 AND DON'T KNOW IF THAT'S A TREND 2730 02:05:06,599 --> 02:05:08,067 THAT EXISTS TODAY. 2731 02:05:08,133 --> 02:05:12,338 >> A LOT OF PEOPLE SAY NO. 2732 02:05:12,404 --> 02:05:22,948 CERTAINLY FOR ANY GIVEN MEET 2733 02:05:23,582 --> 02:05:25,384 MEETING -- THERE'S NO 2734 02:05:25,451 --> 02:05:27,486 CENTRALIZED INVITATION PORTAL TO 2735 02:05:27,553 --> 02:05:28,721 TRACK WHO IS GETTING INVITED AND 2736 02:05:28,787 --> 02:05:29,788 WHAT THE RESPONSE IS. 2737 02:05:29,855 --> 02:05:34,026 BUT THE NUMBERS GET TO BE PRETTY 2738 02:05:34,093 --> 02:05:37,129 HIGH. 2739 02:05:37,196 --> 02:05:47,740 IT'S SOME MULTIPLE OF IN TER -- 2740 02:05:52,912 --> 02:05:53,746 INTERGER AND -- 2741 02:05:53,812 --> 02:05:56,415 >> I WONDERED IF THERE WAS A 2742 02:05:56,482 --> 02:05:57,883 MECHANISM THAT SOMEHOW 2743 02:05:57,950 --> 02:06:00,419 ENCOURAGES PEOPLE TO DO IT. 2744 02:06:00,486 --> 02:06:04,990 HOUND PEOPLE FOR NOT DOING IT? 2745 02:06:05,057 --> 02:06:10,329 >> SO, WE HAVE AN ADVISORY 2746 02:06:10,396 --> 02:06:12,531 COUNCIL WORKING GROUP WORKING ON 2747 02:06:12,598 --> 02:06:15,367 THIS RIGHT NOW , HOW TO 2748 02:06:15,434 --> 02:06:16,502 INCENTIVIZE REVIEW. 2749 02:06:16,568 --> 02:06:19,071 WE GET SUGGESTIONS TO MAKE IT 2750 02:06:19,138 --> 02:06:24,243 MANDATORY WHICH I WOULD LIKE NOT 2751 02:06:24,310 --> 02:06:29,615 TO DO. 2752 02:06:29,682 --> 02:06:32,318 YOU CAN MAKE PEOPLE DO IT BUT 2753 02:06:32,384 --> 02:06:33,752 CAN'T MAKE THEM DO IT WELL AND 2754 02:06:33,819 --> 02:06:36,322 WE HAVE A WORKING GROUP LOOKING 2755 02:06:36,388 --> 02:06:39,258 AT EXACTLY THAT PROBLEM. 2756 02:06:39,325 --> 02:06:45,164 >> AND MAYBE THERE WAS BAD 2757 02:06:45,230 --> 02:06:46,732 COFFEE. 2758 02:06:46,799 --> 02:06:49,468 THERE WAS A QUESTION TO THE 2759 02:06:49,535 --> 02:06:51,837 REVIEW SYSTEM AND DON'T KNOW IF 2760 02:06:51,904 --> 02:06:54,807 IT'S UNDER CRS BUT OUTCOME. 2761 02:06:54,873 --> 02:07:01,480 I SAY THIS CONSIDERING I HAVE A 2762 02:07:01,547 --> 02:07:03,082 DECENT TRAINING RECORD AND 2763 02:07:03,148 --> 02:07:03,749 DISMAL FOR GETTING PEOPLE 2764 02:07:03,816 --> 02:07:09,722 GETTING F GRANTS WHILE UP MY 2765 02:07:09,788 --> 02:07:09,888 LAB. 2766 02:07:09,955 --> 02:07:16,428 I THINK I'M NOT WRITING THEM AND 2767 02:07:16,495 --> 02:07:19,264 NEVER KNEW QUITE WHAT THE HIT 2768 02:07:19,331 --> 02:07:22,634 WAS BUT THEY'RE ALL DOING FINE 2769 02:07:22,701 --> 02:07:25,270 IS THERE A PROCESS TO SEE WHAT 2770 02:07:25,337 --> 02:07:26,438 HAPPENS TO WHETHER YOU GOT THE 2771 02:07:26,505 --> 02:07:29,241 GRANT OR REJECTED AND WHAT ENDED 2772 02:07:29,308 --> 02:07:30,743 UP HAPPENING? 2773 02:07:30,809 --> 02:07:38,851 >> IT'S NOT WITHIN CSR'S SCOPE. 2774 02:07:38,917 --> 02:07:47,593 IT'S AN IMPORTANT QUESTION. 2775 02:07:47,659 --> 02:07:49,395 AND SOMETHING COULD BE LOOKED 2776 02:07:49,461 --> 02:07:50,729 AT. 2777 02:07:50,796 --> 02:07:52,798 TIM, I DO BELIEVE OUR TRAINING 2778 02:07:52,865 --> 02:08:03,342 OFFICE DOES ACTUALLY TRACK. 2779 02:08:04,476 --> 02:08:04,576 SAMEER. 2780 02:08:04,643 --> 02:08:11,116 >> THANKS. 2781 02:08:11,183 --> 02:08:21,894 REGARDING THE RP G I'M TRYING T 2782 02:08:22,394 --> 02:08:24,663 THINK OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF NEW 2783 02:08:24,730 --> 02:08:26,432 SCORING SYSTEM AND MY GUESS AND 2784 02:08:26,498 --> 02:08:28,467 YOU PROBABLY ALREADY MODELLED 2785 02:08:28,534 --> 02:08:30,536 THIS ARE AVERAGE SCORES GO UP 2786 02:08:30,602 --> 02:08:32,371 AND I THINK A LOT OF TIMES 2787 02:08:32,438 --> 02:08:33,005 INVESTIGATOR AND ENVIRONMENT 2788 02:08:33,072 --> 02:08:34,506 TEND TO BE BETTER SCORES AND IF 2789 02:08:34,573 --> 02:08:40,345 THAT'S NOT SCORED THE APPROACH 2790 02:08:40,412 --> 02:08:42,347 BECOMES HIGHER INFLUENCE. 2791 02:08:42,414 --> 02:08:44,249 SO, ON ONE HAND PERCENTILE MAY 2792 02:08:44,316 --> 02:08:46,552 NOT CHANGE AT ALL AND I ASSUME 2793 02:08:46,618 --> 02:08:51,056 THIS WOULDN'T APPLY TO ANY 2794 02:08:51,123 --> 02:08:52,925 NON-PERCENTILED GRANTS. 2795 02:08:52,991 --> 02:08:53,559 >> RIGHT. 2796 02:08:53,625 --> 02:08:54,526 >> OKAY, FINE. 2797 02:08:54,593 --> 02:08:57,496 THEN WE HAVE THIS COMPARISON OF 2798 02:08:57,563 --> 02:09:00,065 WHAT IS THE EQUIVALENCE FACTOR 2799 02:09:00,132 --> 02:09:02,534 FOR OTHER NON-PERCENTILE GRANTS 2800 02:09:02,601 --> 02:09:04,336 AND THAT WOULD CHANGE IF SCORES 2801 02:09:04,403 --> 02:09:05,971 IN GENERAL CHANGE. 2802 02:09:06,038 --> 02:09:07,272 IS THERE A LEVEL SETTING THAT 2803 02:09:07,339 --> 02:09:09,942 WILL HAVE TO OCCUR WITH THE 2804 02:09:10,008 --> 02:09:15,280 CHANGE IF THERE'S A SYSTEMIC 2805 02:09:15,347 --> 02:09:17,850 DRIFT OF THE AVERAGE SCORE 2806 02:09:17,916 --> 02:09:18,450 UPWARDS WORSENING DIRECTION? 2807 02:09:18,517 --> 02:09:21,086 >> YEAH. 2808 02:09:21,153 --> 02:09:23,589 WE DON'T KNOW. 2809 02:09:23,655 --> 02:09:26,058 I'M NOT SURE WE WILL SEE A SHIFT 2810 02:09:26,125 --> 02:09:32,331 FOR A COUPLE OF REASONS. 2811 02:09:32,397 --> 02:09:37,636 RIGHT KNOW REVIEWERS DON'T 2812 02:09:37,703 --> 02:09:41,740 AVERAGE THEIR CRITERION SCORES. 2813 02:09:41,807 --> 02:09:42,908 SO YOU'RE RIGHT THE 2814 02:09:42,975 --> 02:09:45,310 INVESTIGATORS TEND TO BE SCORED 2815 02:09:45,377 --> 02:09:45,944 PRETTY HIGHLY BUT THEY'RE NOT 2816 02:09:46,011 --> 02:09:49,114 JUST AVERAGED. 2817 02:09:49,181 --> 02:09:54,219 HOW MUCH THEY DRIVE THAT SCORE 2818 02:09:54,286 --> 02:09:56,255 PROBABLY VARIES. 2819 02:09:56,321 --> 02:09:58,056 THE OTHER THING IS STUDY 2820 02:09:58,123 --> 02:09:59,925 SECTIONS SORT OF OPERATE AT 2821 02:09:59,992 --> 02:10:03,996 THEIR OWN UNITS. 2822 02:10:04,062 --> 02:10:09,434 YOU HAVE YOUR YOU HAVE YOUR OWN 2823 02:10:09,501 --> 02:10:10,802 STANDARDS AND I KIND OF THINK 2824 02:10:10,869 --> 02:10:12,204 THE STUDY SECTION WILL NOT SHIFT 2825 02:10:12,271 --> 02:10:14,006 EVERYTHING NEGATIVELY. 2826 02:10:14,072 --> 02:10:14,840 IT IS SOMETHING WE HAVE TO 2827 02:10:14,907 --> 02:10:20,479 WATCH. 2828 02:10:20,546 --> 02:10:23,982 WE WILL KEEP A CLOSE EYE ON IT 2829 02:10:24,049 --> 02:10:25,918 IF WE NEED TO RESET THE 2830 02:10:25,984 --> 02:10:26,885 PERCENTILE BASIS WE CAN. 2831 02:10:26,952 --> 02:10:31,089 IF THERE SEEMS TO BE A GENERAL 2832 02:10:31,156 --> 02:10:32,691 SHIFT, WE GET A LOT OF SCORE 2833 02:10:32,758 --> 02:10:37,529 DATA IN A HURRY. 2834 02:10:37,596 --> 02:10:42,334 SO WE COULD ISSUE SOME SORT OF 2835 02:10:42,401 --> 02:10:44,870 MAPPING ALGORITHM OR SOME SORT 2836 02:10:44,937 --> 02:10:46,605 OF -- WE COULD HAVE INFORMATION 2837 02:10:46,672 --> 02:10:49,408 TO HELP PEOPLE MAKE COMPARISONS 2838 02:10:49,474 --> 02:10:52,110 IF YOU HAD TO DO THAT FOR SOME 2839 02:10:52,177 --> 02:10:57,683 REASON AND WHAT THE NEW SYSTEM 2840 02:10:57,749 --> 02:10:59,585 WAS IN EFFECT. 2841 02:10:59,651 --> 02:11:00,385 BOB. 2842 02:11:00,452 --> 02:11:02,588 >> FIRST OF ALL, THERE REED THAT 2843 02:11:02,654 --> 02:11:03,789 WAS A GREAT PRESENTATION. 2844 02:11:03,855 --> 02:11:07,926 FOR MOST OF US CSRs IT'S BEEN A 2845 02:11:07,993 --> 02:11:10,696 SOURCE OF GREAT MYSTERY AND YOU 2846 02:11:10,762 --> 02:11:11,363 ELUCIDATED THAT AND WE 2847 02:11:11,430 --> 02:11:12,364 APPRECIATE THAT AND APPRECIATE 2848 02:11:12,431 --> 02:11:13,265 THE CHANGES YOU DESCRIBED. 2849 02:11:13,332 --> 02:11:16,034 I HAVE TWO OR THREE GRANULAR 2850 02:11:16,101 --> 02:11:16,301 QUESTIONS. 2851 02:11:16,368 --> 02:11:17,803 ONE KEN TOUCHED ON IS ABOUT 25% 2852 02:11:17,869 --> 02:11:19,504 OF THE APPLICATIONS THAT COME 2853 02:11:19,571 --> 02:11:21,273 INTO THE NIH DO NOT GO TO THE 2854 02:11:21,340 --> 02:11:21,440 CSR. 2855 02:11:21,506 --> 02:11:24,509 SO ONE OF THIS QUESTIONS BASED 2856 02:11:24,576 --> 02:11:26,278 ON YOUR FIRST POWER POINT. 2857 02:11:26,345 --> 02:11:28,547 WHERE DO THEY GO? 2858 02:11:28,614 --> 02:11:35,220 >> THEY GO TO THE INSTITUTES. 2859 02:11:35,287 --> 02:11:37,189 SO NINDS REVIEWS A LOT OF -- I 2860 02:11:37,256 --> 02:11:38,790 DON'T KNOW QUITE HOW MANY OFF 2861 02:11:38,857 --> 02:11:41,827 THE TOP OF MY HEAD BUT EVERY 2862 02:11:41,893 --> 02:11:44,096 INSTITUTE HAS IT'S OWN REVIEW 2863 02:11:44,162 --> 02:11:44,429 SHOP. 2864 02:11:44,496 --> 02:11:46,398 >> WHAT DISTINGUISHES OR 2865 02:11:46,465 --> 02:11:48,267 DETERMINES ONE PAN WAY FOR 2866 02:11:48,333 --> 02:11:51,069 REVIEW -- PATHWAY FOR REVIEW 2867 02:11:51,136 --> 02:11:53,505 VERSUS ANOTHER? 2868 02:11:53,572 --> 02:11:55,941 >> TYPICALLY MORE COMPLEX 2869 02:11:56,008 --> 02:11:57,876 MECHANISMS, CENTER GRANTS, 2870 02:11:57,943 --> 02:12:01,280 PROGRAM PROJECTS, RFAs THAT THE 2871 02:12:01,346 --> 02:12:02,948 INSTITUTE IS OBVIOUSLY HIGHLY 2872 02:12:03,015 --> 02:12:07,919 INVESTED IN THOSE TEND TO COME 2873 02:12:07,986 --> 02:12:09,021 TO THE INSTITUTE. 2874 02:12:09,087 --> 02:12:12,224 SOME INSTITUTES LIKE TO DO THEIR 2875 02:12:12,291 --> 02:12:13,725 OWN Ks FOR EXAMPLE AND THERE'S A 2876 02:12:13,792 --> 02:12:17,663 FEW THAT DO THEIR OWN Fs. 2877 02:12:17,729 --> 02:12:18,830 SO AGAIN THE PERSPECTIVE IS THEY 2878 02:12:18,897 --> 02:12:22,801 HAVE ESPECIALLY STRONG STATE FOR 2879 02:12:22,868 --> 02:12:25,904 EXAMPLE IN TRAINEES THAT GETS 2880 02:12:25,971 --> 02:12:26,405 DIVVIED UP. 2881 02:12:26,471 --> 02:12:27,239 >> THANK YOU. 2882 02:12:27,306 --> 02:12:28,907 ANOTHER ISSUE THAT COMES UP AS A 2883 02:12:28,974 --> 02:12:30,409 SOURCE OF FRUSTRATION IS THE 2884 02:12:30,475 --> 02:12:33,245 ISSUE OF APPLICANT-DRIVEN PANEL 2885 02:12:33,312 --> 02:12:33,512 SELECTION. 2886 02:12:33,578 --> 02:12:35,213 AFTER WE WRITE GRANTS WE OFTEN 2887 02:12:35,280 --> 02:12:37,883 SPEND TIME REVIEWING PANELS 2888 02:12:37,949 --> 02:12:39,318 LOOKING AT ALL THE MEMBERSHIP OF 2889 02:12:39,384 --> 02:12:41,553 THE PANELS AND TRYING TO SELECT 2890 02:12:41,620 --> 02:12:43,355 THE ABSOLUTE BEST FOR OUR 2891 02:12:43,422 --> 02:12:43,622 PROPOSAL. 2892 02:12:43,689 --> 02:12:45,957 AND THEN VERY OFTEN THAT IS NOT 2893 02:12:46,024 --> 02:12:47,459 IN FACT WHERE THE GRANTS GETS 2894 02:12:47,526 --> 02:12:47,726 ASSIGNED. 2895 02:12:47,793 --> 02:12:49,461 CAN YOU COMMENT ON HOW YOU 2896 02:12:49,528 --> 02:12:51,596 ATTEMPT AT LEAST TO ACCOMMODATE 2897 02:12:51,663 --> 02:12:53,098 THE APPLICANT'S PREFERENCES? 2898 02:12:53,165 --> 02:12:59,871 >> YEAH. 2899 02:12:59,938 --> 02:13:05,410 SO OUR POLICY AND PROCEDURE IS 2900 02:13:05,477 --> 02:13:08,080 TO TRY TO CERTAINLY CONSIDER 2901 02:13:08,146 --> 02:13:09,881 WHAT THE APPLICANTS DESIRE. 2902 02:13:09,948 --> 02:13:12,484 THEN THE QUESTION SO WHAT WE ASK 2903 02:13:12,551 --> 02:13:16,054 OUR CHIEFS TO DO IS TO SEE 2904 02:13:16,121 --> 02:13:19,791 WHETHER THE PANEL THAT THE 2905 02:13:19,858 --> 02:13:21,827 APPLICANT SEEKS IS A GOOD FIT 2906 02:13:21,893 --> 02:13:23,695 AND THAT THE THE CRITERION WE 2907 02:13:23,762 --> 02:13:23,862 USE. 2908 02:13:23,929 --> 02:13:25,263 WE DON'T SAY IT HAS TO BE THE 2909 02:13:25,330 --> 02:13:25,664 BEST FIT. 2910 02:13:25,731 --> 02:13:26,765 WE SAY IF IT'S A GOOD FIT TAKE 2911 02:13:26,832 --> 02:13:36,908 IT. 2912 02:13:37,576 --> 02:13:40,746 WE DO GET DIFFERENCES IN OPINION 2913 02:13:40,812 --> 02:13:45,016 OWN WHAT THE BEST OUGHT TO BE 2914 02:13:45,083 --> 02:13:46,451 AND THERE'S APPLICANT'S PART ON 2915 02:13:46,518 --> 02:13:47,018 WHAT THE FOCUS OF A STUDY 2916 02:13:47,085 --> 02:13:56,928 SECTION IS. 2917 02:13:56,995 --> 02:13:59,498 IT ALWAYS OUGHT TO BE EXPLAINED 2918 02:13:59,564 --> 02:13:59,865 SCIENTIFICALLY. 2919 02:13:59,931 --> 02:14:00,932 THAT'S THE BASIS OF WHAT WE'RE 2920 02:14:00,999 --> 02:14:02,200 TRYING TO DO. 2921 02:14:02,267 --> 02:14:04,336 WE ARE TRYING TO ASSIGN THE 2922 02:14:04,403 --> 02:14:07,239 APPLICATION TO THE STUDY SECTION 2923 02:14:07,305 --> 02:14:09,941 THAT FITS BEST WITHIN THE 2924 02:14:10,008 --> 02:14:10,242 GUIDELINES. 2925 02:14:10,308 --> 02:14:15,080 THEY SAY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT 2926 02:14:15,147 --> 02:14:17,082 APPLICANT PREFERENCES AND 2927 02:14:17,149 --> 02:14:18,383 HONORING THOSE WHEN IT'S A 2928 02:14:18,450 --> 02:14:28,727 REASONABLE FIT. 2929 02:14:30,095 --> 02:14:31,530 >> AS LONG AS YOU'RE LOOKING AT 2930 02:14:31,596 --> 02:14:31,763 IT. 2931 02:14:31,830 --> 02:14:35,434 WE ARE LOOKING AT IT ALWAYS. 2932 02:14:35,500 --> 02:14:36,768 >> OKAY. 2933 02:14:36,835 --> 02:14:37,068 JIM. 2934 02:14:37,135 --> 02:14:40,071 >> SO I WANTED TO GO BACK TO A 2935 02:14:40,138 --> 02:14:42,207 QUESTION THAT TIM ASKED ABOUT 2936 02:14:42,274 --> 02:14:43,909 WHO SAYS NO FOR STUDY SECTION 2937 02:14:43,975 --> 02:14:49,448 REVIEW BECAUSE I THINK THAT 2938 02:14:49,514 --> 02:14:51,349 MIGHT BE IMPORTANT FOR 2939 02:14:51,416 --> 02:14:52,350 UNDERSTANDING THE DISCREPANCY 2940 02:14:52,417 --> 02:14:53,518 BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE 2941 02:14:53,585 --> 02:14:53,785 REVIEWERS. 2942 02:14:53,852 --> 02:14:56,755 I WONDER IF THERE'S MORE MALE 2943 02:14:56,822 --> 02:14:58,156 REVIEWERS FOR REFUSING AND MORE 2944 02:14:58,223 --> 02:15:00,725 SENIOR IN THEIR CAREERS AND THAT 2945 02:15:00,792 --> 02:15:01,960 MAY BE DRIVING THE DIFFERENCE 2946 02:15:02,027 --> 02:15:03,295 BECAUSE THIS GOES BACK TO THE 2947 02:15:03,361 --> 02:15:03,595 CITIZENSHIP. 2948 02:15:03,662 --> 02:15:07,165 I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THOSE 2949 02:15:07,232 --> 02:15:08,700 WHO BENEFIT FROM NIH SUPPORT 2950 02:15:08,767 --> 02:15:09,301 THEY ALSO PARTICIPATE IN IT 2951 02:15:09,367 --> 02:15:16,475 REVIEW. 2952 02:15:16,541 --> 02:15:18,043 >> I DON'T THINK I HAVE DATA TO 2953 02:15:18,109 --> 02:15:23,048 ANSWER THAT QUESTION. 2954 02:15:23,114 --> 02:15:25,584 I JUST DON'T KNOW. 2955 02:15:25,650 --> 02:15:27,619 IF YOU LOOK BACK IT DOESN'T HAVE 2956 02:15:27,686 --> 02:15:29,354 TO BE THAT LONG. 2957 02:15:29,421 --> 02:15:31,423 BUT IF YOU LOOK BACK THE 2958 02:15:31,490 --> 02:15:39,764 COMPOSITION OF STUDY SECTIONS 2959 02:15:39,831 --> 02:15:42,367 WAS MUCH MORE HEAVILY MALE AND 2960 02:15:42,434 --> 02:15:50,809 SENIOR WHITE MALE INVESTIGATORS. 2961 02:15:50,876 --> 02:15:54,379 THEY WERE OVER REPRESENTED AND 2962 02:15:54,446 --> 02:15:55,981 THAT HAS CHANGED. 2963 02:15:56,047 --> 02:15:56,882 AS WE'VE DESCRIBED WE DID A LOT 2964 02:15:56,948 --> 02:16:00,318 OF THINGS TO TRY TO DRIVE THOSE 2965 02:16:00,385 --> 02:16:02,954 CHANGES. 2966 02:16:03,021 --> 02:16:05,924 AS FAR AS I'M AWARE, I'M NOT 2967 02:16:05,991 --> 02:16:07,692 AWARE OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL 2968 02:16:07,759 --> 02:16:11,229 REVIEWER BEHAVIOR THAT WOULD 2969 02:16:11,296 --> 02:16:11,763 ACCOUNT FOR THAT. 2970 02:16:11,830 --> 02:16:13,999 I THINK PEOPLE SAY NO FOR A 2971 02:16:14,065 --> 02:16:16,968 LARGE VARIETY OF REASONS. 2972 02:16:17,035 --> 02:16:18,370 SOME IS IT'S SIGNIFICANT WORK. 2973 02:16:18,436 --> 02:16:26,144 NO DOUBT ABOUT IT. 2974 02:16:26,211 --> 02:16:28,346 I SIGH PEOPLE WHO HAVE A LONG 2975 02:16:28,413 --> 02:16:32,317 STRAIN OF NIH AWARDS WHO HAVE 2976 02:16:32,384 --> 02:16:33,785 NOT SERVED. 2977 02:16:33,852 --> 02:16:36,855 THAT DOESN'T SEEM RIGHT. 2978 02:16:36,922 --> 02:16:38,657 THEY HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE AND 2979 02:16:38,723 --> 02:16:39,057 CAPABILITY. 2980 02:16:39,124 --> 02:16:42,360 THEY OUGHT TO BE SERVED. 2981 02:16:42,427 --> 02:16:46,798 YOU DO SEE SOME. 2982 02:16:46,865 --> 02:16:48,833 YOU SEE PEOPLE AT A VARIETY OF 2983 02:16:48,900 --> 02:16:49,200 CAREER STAGES. 2984 02:16:49,267 --> 02:16:50,936 I WILL SAY WE HAVE TAKEN A 2985 02:16:51,002 --> 02:16:53,838 NUMBER OF STEPS TO TRY TO MAKE 2986 02:16:53,905 --> 02:16:54,706 PARTICIPATION EASIER FOR A 2987 02:16:54,773 --> 02:16:58,243 DIVERSITY OF GROUPS. 2988 02:16:58,310 --> 02:17:01,046 FOR EXAMPLE, RIGHT NOW WE RUN 2989 02:17:01,112 --> 02:17:03,148 ONE MEETING A YEAR, ONE OF THE 2990 02:17:03,214 --> 02:17:03,915 STANDING STUDY SECTION MEETINGS 2991 02:17:03,982 --> 02:17:06,318 A YEAR IN PERSON. 2992 02:17:06,384 --> 02:17:09,788 THE OTHERS ARE RUN VIRTUALLY OR 2993 02:17:09,854 --> 02:17:12,891 MOVING TOWARDS AN INCREASED USE 2994 02:17:12,958 --> 02:17:13,258 OF HYBRID. 2995 02:17:13,325 --> 02:17:15,093 ONE ADVANTAGE IS PEOPLE WHO HAVE 2996 02:17:15,160 --> 02:17:18,129 OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES, HOME 2997 02:17:18,196 --> 02:17:19,230 CHILDCARE, CAREGIVING OR MAYBE 2998 02:17:19,297 --> 02:17:23,168 HAVE CLINICAL RESPONSIBILITIES 2999 02:17:23,234 --> 02:17:25,236 AND TWO EXTRA DAYS OF FLYING 3000 02:17:25,303 --> 02:17:30,108 MAKE IT ATTAINABLE TO COME IN 3001 02:17:30,175 --> 02:17:30,342 VISITLY. 3002 02:17:30,408 --> 02:17:32,210 WE'RE WORKING TO MAKE THOSE 3003 02:17:32,277 --> 02:17:33,345 MEETINGS GOOD MEETINGS SO THAT'S 3004 02:17:33,411 --> 02:17:36,348 AN ONGOING FUNCTION FOR PEOPLE 3005 02:17:36,414 --> 02:17:42,020 TO PARTICIPATE. 3006 02:17:42,087 --> 02:17:46,358 >> I WOULD ADD THOUGH IT'S A 3007 02:17:46,424 --> 02:17:47,392 SMALL NUMBER SERVING AS CRITICAL 3008 02:17:47,459 --> 02:17:52,330 CRITERIA TO GET A MERIT AWARD UP 3009 02:17:52,397 --> 02:17:55,667 THIS INSTITUTE. 3010 02:17:55,734 --> 02:17:55,867 OKAY. 3011 02:17:55,934 --> 02:17:57,936 ANY OTHER QUESTIONS FOR BRUCE? 3012 02:17:58,003 --> 02:18:04,342 >> I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT THE 3013 02:18:04,409 --> 02:18:04,643 FELLOWSHIPS. 3014 02:18:04,709 --> 02:18:09,280 SO THERE'S GOOD EVIDENCE THAT 3015 02:18:09,347 --> 02:18:10,982 THE KEY INGREDIENT IN BECOMING A 3016 02:18:11,049 --> 02:18:13,818 SUCCESSFUL INVESTIGATOR IS THE 3017 02:18:13,885 --> 02:18:16,588 MENTORSHIP THAT IS OFFERED BY 3018 02:18:16,655 --> 02:18:20,425 THE PERSON, THE FELLOW WORKING 3019 02:18:20,492 --> 02:18:20,725 WITH. 3020 02:18:20,792 --> 02:18:24,529 SO HOW IS THAT DEALT WITH NOW IN 3021 02:18:24,596 --> 02:18:24,829 THE SYSTEM? 3022 02:18:24,896 --> 02:18:27,165 THE EVALUATION OF THE METRICS? 3023 02:18:27,232 --> 02:18:33,838 >> SO THE CHANGES REALLY DO TRY 3024 02:18:33,905 --> 02:18:35,840 TO ARE BRING A FOCUS ON THAT. 3025 02:18:35,907 --> 02:18:40,545 THE QUALITY OF THE MENTORSHIP. 3026 02:18:40,612 --> 02:18:44,349 IT DOES IT BY REQUIRING MENTORS 3027 02:18:44,416 --> 02:18:46,017 TO REALLY GIVE A SPECIFIC 3028 02:18:46,084 --> 02:18:47,619 ACCOUNT OF HOW TO THEY'RE TRYING 3029 02:18:47,686 --> 02:18:50,021 TO MENTOR THAT PARTICULAR 3030 02:18:50,088 --> 02:18:50,255 STUDENT. 3031 02:18:50,321 --> 02:18:53,024 SO STUDENTS HAVE CERTAIN GOALS 3032 02:18:53,091 --> 02:18:56,728 AND HOW AND HOW IS THAT MENTOR 3033 02:18:56,795 --> 02:18:58,363 GOING TO MEET THOSE? 3034 02:18:58,430 --> 02:19:01,466 SO IN THE PAST IT'S BEEN I'D SAY 3035 02:19:01,533 --> 02:19:03,968 A COMBINATION OF ONE IS WHAT THE 3036 02:19:04,035 --> 02:19:05,003 FUNDING LOOKS LIKE THAT 3037 02:19:05,070 --> 02:19:06,071 IMPRESSES PEOPLE AND THE OTHER 3038 02:19:06,137 --> 02:19:08,206 IS A LIST OF TRAINEES. 3039 02:19:08,273 --> 02:19:11,643 THE LIST OF TRAINEES IS NOT 3040 02:19:11,710 --> 02:19:13,311 ALTOGETHER IRRELEVANT. 3041 02:19:13,378 --> 02:19:15,013 IT DOESN'T SPEAK TO WHAT THEY'LL 3042 02:19:15,080 --> 02:19:19,250 BRING TO THAT STUDENT OR TO WHAT 3043 02:19:19,317 --> 02:19:20,218 JUNIOR PEOPLE CAN DO. 3044 02:19:20,285 --> 02:19:25,323 I'VE HAD CONVERSATIONS WITH A 3045 02:19:25,390 --> 02:19:30,628 LOT OF SENIOR INVESTIGATORS WHO 3046 02:19:30,695 --> 02:19:33,865 SAID THEIR BEST DAY WAS AS AN 3047 02:19:33,932 --> 02:19:35,533 ASSIST AND THE AND CARED AND HAD 3048 02:19:35,600 --> 02:19:37,902 THE TIME AND DID A GOOD JOB AND 3049 02:19:37,969 --> 02:19:40,739 FROM THEN ON IT WAS ALL DOWN 3050 02:19:40,805 --> 02:19:41,606 HILL. 3051 02:19:41,673 --> 02:19:47,112 I GOT DISTRACTED BY OTHER 3052 02:19:47,178 --> 02:19:47,479 CONCERNS. 3053 02:19:47,545 --> 02:19:56,721 THAT THE NOT EVERYBODY. 3054 02:19:56,788 --> 02:19:59,190 AND WE'RE ASKING PEOPLE TO BE 3055 02:19:59,257 --> 02:19:59,924 MORE SPECIFIC ON WHAT THEIR PLAN 3056 02:19:59,991 --> 02:20:04,696 AND APPROACH IS. 3057 02:20:04,763 --> 02:20:07,732 >> ONE OTHER QUESTION WE'VE ON 3058 02:20:07,799 --> 02:20:09,801 OCCASION WHEN WE LOOKED AT 3059 02:20:09,868 --> 02:20:11,169 FELLOWSHIP APPLICATION WORRY 3060 02:20:11,236 --> 02:20:14,572 ABOUT THE P.I. HAS NO GRANT BUT 3061 02:20:14,639 --> 02:20:18,977 THE IDEA THAT IT'S GOING TO BE A 3062 02:20:19,043 --> 02:20:21,212 TOUGH PLACE TO SUCCESS IF 3063 02:20:21,279 --> 02:20:22,413 THEY'RE ALREADY ON SHAKY GROUND. 3064 02:20:22,480 --> 02:20:28,319 YOU MENTIONED THAT IS NO LONGER 3065 02:20:28,386 --> 02:20:31,923 OR -- 3066 02:20:31,990 --> 02:20:33,458 >> THE APPLICATION WILL BE SUCH 3067 02:20:33,525 --> 02:20:34,859 THE APPLICATION NEEDS TO SHOW 3068 02:20:34,926 --> 02:20:35,960 THEY HAVE THE MONEY TO DO WHAT 3069 02:20:36,027 --> 02:20:40,198 THEY PROPOSE. 3070 02:20:40,265 --> 02:20:41,599 IT DIDN'T MATTER -- 3071 02:20:41,666 --> 02:20:43,067 >> IF THE FELLOWSHIP DOESN'T 3072 02:20:43,134 --> 02:20:44,369 HAVE THE MONEY -- THERE'S NO 3073 02:20:44,435 --> 02:20:46,538 MONEY IN THESE THINGS. 3074 02:20:46,604 --> 02:20:48,339 IT DOESN'T SUPPORT -- 3075 02:20:48,406 --> 02:20:49,707 >> THE P.I. HAS TO SHOW. 3076 02:20:49,774 --> 02:20:52,343 >> THE P.I. OR THE UNIVERSITY 3077 02:20:52,410 --> 02:20:55,580 HAS TO SAY HERE'S WHERE WE GOT 3078 02:20:55,647 --> 02:20:57,448 THE MONEY TO SUPPORT THIS 3079 02:20:57,515 --> 02:20:58,850 PROJECT AND VARIOUS RESOURCES 3080 02:20:58,917 --> 02:21:00,318 THAT YOU'RE GOING TO AVAIL 3081 02:21:00,385 --> 02:21:04,322 YOURSELF OF AND SHOW US HOW 3082 02:21:04,389 --> 02:21:08,560 THAT'S GOING TO WORK. 3083 02:21:08,626 --> 02:21:10,061 >> IF THERE'S NO OTHER QUESTIONS 3084 02:21:10,128 --> 02:21:12,931 FOR BRUCE, THANK YOU. 3085 02:21:12,997 --> 02:21:13,531 >> THANK YOU. 3086 02:21:13,598 --> 02:21:15,233 >> WE REALLY APPRECIATE IT AND 3087 02:21:15,300 --> 02:21:17,402 GIVE OUR BEST TO NONI. 3088 02:21:17,468 --> 02:21:18,436 HOPE SHE GETS BETTER SOON. 3089 02:21:18,503 --> 02:21:22,941 >> SO BEFORE WE BREAK FOR LUX 3090 02:21:23,007 --> 02:21:24,142 LUNCH I WANT TO ADD ABOUT 3091 02:21:24,209 --> 02:21:25,476 OUTCOMES AND THE NEIGHBOR CAN 3092 02:21:25,543 --> 02:21:26,744 FILL YOU IN ABOUT TRACK AND 3093 02:21:26,811 --> 02:21:27,912 LOOKING INTO OUTCOMES OF VARIOUS 3094 02:21:27,979 --> 02:21:36,821 APPROACHES. 3095 02:21:36,888 --> 02:21:39,023 TIM, I'LL HAND IT TO YOU TO 3096 02:21:39,090 --> 02:21:39,958 INSTRUCT US. 3097 02:21:40,024 --> 02:21:45,096 >> WE'LL RECONVENE AT 1:30. 3098 02:21:45,163 --> 02:21:47,031 THERE ARE PLENTY OF PLACES RIGHT 3099 02:21:47,098 --> 02:21:48,333 NEAR YOUR HOTEL TO GET SOMETHING 3100 02:21:48,399 --> 02:21:55,240 TO EAT. 3101 02:21:55,306 --> 02:21:58,076 IF YOU NEED RECOMMENDATIONS, 3102 02:21:58,142 --> 02:21:59,978 SHERYL CAN TELL YOU. 3103 02:22:00,044 --> 02:22:00,979 SHE HAS FINER TASTE THAN MYSELF. 3104 02:22:01,045 --> 02:22:01,980 AND RECONVENE AT 1:30. 3105 02:22:02,046 --> 02:24:15,113 BEAUTIFUL. THANK YOU VERY MUCH 3106 02:24:15,179 --> 02:24:17,482 >> THE REPORT WAS THAT NIH 3107 02:24:17,548 --> 02:24:22,153 INITIATE A STRATEGIC PLANNING 3108 02:24:22,220 --> 02:24:32,764 PROCESS FOR RESEARCH ON ME/CFS 3109 02:24:38,269 --> 02:24:40,571 AND WE PLANNED A REPORT AND GOT 3110 02:24:40,638 --> 02:24:45,810 SIDE LINED BY THE PANDEMIC AND 3111 02:24:45,877 --> 02:24:47,945 PHYSICIANS WERE OVERWHELMED 3112 02:24:48,012 --> 02:24:49,514 SEEING PATIENTS AND 3113 02:24:49,580 --> 02:24:50,481 INVESTIGATORS WERE TRYING TO 3114 02:24:50,548 --> 02:24:51,949 FIGURE OUT HOW TO KEEP THEIR 3115 02:24:52,016 --> 02:24:53,351 LABS GOING WHEN LABS WERE 3116 02:24:53,418 --> 02:24:53,718 CLOSED. 3117 02:24:53,785 --> 02:24:55,086 SO WE PAUSED THE WHOLE PROCESS 3118 02:24:55,153 --> 02:24:57,755 AND THEN RESTARTED THE PROCESS 3119 02:24:57,822 --> 02:25:02,760 AGAIN IN THE FALL OF 2022 AND 3120 02:25:02,827 --> 02:25:04,429 LAUNCHED THE PROCESS OF 3121 02:25:04,495 --> 02:25:07,932 DEVELOPING THE ROAD MAP IN 3122 02:25:07,999 --> 02:25:15,006 FEBRUARY OF 2023. 3123 02:25:15,073 --> 02:25:17,975 THE CHARGE OF COUNCIL WAS TO 3124 02:25:18,042 --> 02:25:23,147 PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE NINDS 3125 02:25:23,214 --> 02:25:33,758 COUNCIL ON HOW THIS WORKED FOR 3126 02:25:36,961 --> 02:25:41,165 THE DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENTS. 3127 02:25:41,232 --> 02:25:43,101 SO THIS IS A LIST OF ALL THE 3128 02:25:43,167 --> 02:25:46,170 INDIVIDUALS WHO PARTICIPATED ON 3129 02:25:46,237 --> 02:25:48,973 THE WORKING GROUP OF COUNCIL. 3130 02:25:49,040 --> 02:25:51,943 IT INCLUDED THE TWO CO-CHAIRS 3131 02:25:52,009 --> 02:25:54,712 AND MEMBERS AND LEADERS OF THE 3132 02:25:54,779 --> 02:25:59,951 PATIENT ADVOCACY GROUPS IN THIS 3133 02:26:00,017 --> 02:26:00,384 SPACE. 3134 02:26:00,451 --> 02:26:02,453 IT ALSO INCLUDED CLINICIAN 3135 02:26:02,520 --> 02:26:04,155 SCIENCE AND INVESTIGATORS AND 3136 02:26:04,222 --> 02:26:07,925 INCLUDED INDIVIDUALS PEOPLE WITH 3137 02:26:07,992 --> 02:26:11,662 LIVED EXPERIENCE. 3138 02:26:11,729 --> 02:26:14,165 ALSO INDEPENDENT TOGETHER WITH 3139 02:26:14,232 --> 02:26:16,467 THE WORKING GROUP OF COUNCIL 3140 02:26:16,534 --> 02:26:17,235 INVOLVED AN ADDITIONAL 21 3141 02:26:17,301 --> 02:26:18,536 INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE PEOPLE WITH 3142 02:26:18,603 --> 02:26:21,706 LIVED EXPERIENCE SO THESE WERE 3143 02:26:21,772 --> 02:26:23,674 INDIVIDUALS WHO EITHER 3144 02:26:23,741 --> 02:26:27,278 THEMSELVES HAVE ME/CFS OR 3145 02:26:27,345 --> 02:26:30,281 PARTNERS TO A SPOUSE WHO HAS 3146 02:26:30,348 --> 02:26:31,916 ME/CFS OR CHILDREN WITH THE 3147 02:26:31,983 --> 02:26:37,388 DISEASE. 3148 02:26:37,455 --> 02:26:39,390 IT'S A KEY PART OF THE WHOLE 3149 02:26:39,457 --> 02:26:40,992 PROCESS TO INVOLVE THESE 3150 02:26:41,058 --> 02:26:43,027 INDIVIDUALS WITH PEOPLE WITH 3151 02:26:43,094 --> 02:26:43,928 LIVED EXPERIENCE WHO BROUGHT SO 3152 02:26:43,995 --> 02:26:45,396 MUCH OF THEIR PERSPECTIVE TO ALL 3153 02:26:45,463 --> 02:26:45,997 OF THE DISCUSSIONS THROUGHOUT 3154 02:26:46,063 --> 02:26:53,471 THE PROCESS. 3155 02:26:53,538 --> 02:26:57,842 WHAT WE DID WAS TO LOOK AT THE 3156 02:26:57,909 --> 02:27:00,478 DIFFERENT DOMAINS AND ORGANIZED 3157 02:27:00,545 --> 02:27:02,046 OUR PROCESS BY DEVELOPING THE 3158 02:27:02,113 --> 02:27:05,583 EIGHT AREAS AND EIGHT WORKING 3159 02:27:05,650 --> 02:27:09,654 GROUPS AROUND CHRONIC INFECTION, 3160 02:27:09,720 --> 02:27:14,692 IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CIRCULATION 3161 02:27:14,759 --> 02:27:17,495 AND LESS KNOWN PHYSIOLOGY AND 3162 02:27:17,562 --> 02:27:20,364 GENETICS AND HEAR MORE ABOUT 3163 02:27:20,431 --> 02:27:23,434 ME/CFS SPECIFICALLY WHEN CINDY 3164 02:27:23,501 --> 02:27:24,769 STARTS TO TALK AND YOU'LL I 3165 02:27:24,835 --> 02:27:27,672 THINK GET FROM THIS, GET THE 3166 02:27:27,738 --> 02:27:30,541 IMPRESSION AND THE IDEA THAT 3167 02:27:30,608 --> 02:27:31,542 ME/CFS IMPACTS ALMOST EVERY 3168 02:27:31,609 --> 02:27:33,110 SYSTEM OF THE BODY. 3169 02:27:33,177 --> 02:27:36,514 SO IT'S REALLY LIKE DOING EIGHT 3170 02:27:36,581 --> 02:27:37,915 DIFFERENT STRATEGIC PLANS. 3171 02:27:37,982 --> 02:27:39,450 BUT WE ORGANIZE THIS INTO 3172 02:27:39,517 --> 02:27:40,418 WEBINAR PLANNING GROUP. 3173 02:27:40,484 --> 02:27:43,454 EACH GROUP ORGANIZED A FULL DAY 3174 02:27:43,521 --> 02:27:44,989 WEBINAR WHERE WE COULD REALLY 3175 02:27:45,056 --> 02:27:46,157 EXAMINE WHAT WE KNOW, WHAT WE 3176 02:27:46,224 --> 02:27:48,826 DON'T KNOW AND WHAT WE NEED TO 3177 02:27:48,893 --> 02:27:51,929 KNOW TO MOVE TOWARDS CLINICAL 3178 02:27:51,996 --> 02:27:56,067 TRIALS IN THIS SPACE. 3179 02:27:56,133 --> 02:27:59,103 THIS IS OUR TIME LINE. 3180 02:27:59,170 --> 02:28:03,941 WE STARTED THE WHOLE PROCESS IN 3181 02:28:04,008 --> 02:28:09,080 FEBRUARY OF 2024. 3182 02:28:09,146 --> 02:28:11,015 OR 2023, SORRY. 3183 02:28:11,082 --> 02:28:13,884 WE HELD EIGHT WEBINARS BETWEEN 3184 02:28:13,951 --> 02:28:16,821 AUGUST AND JANUARY 2023 AND 2024 3185 02:28:16,887 --> 02:28:19,257 AND EACH OF THOSE GROUPS 3186 02:28:19,323 --> 02:28:23,127 DEVELOPED RESEARCH PRIORITIES 3187 02:28:23,194 --> 02:28:25,463 FOR THEIR DOMAIN. 3188 02:28:25,529 --> 02:28:27,798 THOSE RESEARCH PRIORITIES WERE 3189 02:28:27,865 --> 02:28:31,702 PUT ON A CROWD SOURCING PLATFORM 3190 02:28:31,769 --> 02:28:33,838 AND WE GOT EXCELLENT FEEDBACK 3191 02:28:33,904 --> 02:28:37,241 FROM THE FUNT ACROSS ALL THE 3192 02:28:37,308 --> 02:28:41,112 RESEARCH FROM THE COMMUNITY 3193 02:28:41,178 --> 02:28:43,948 ACROSS ALL ALL RESEARCH AND THE 3194 02:28:44,015 --> 02:28:50,321 REPORT WAS DONE IN MARCH AND 3195 02:28:50,388 --> 02:28:52,923 APRIL AND WE'RE HERE IN MAY 3196 02:28:52,990 --> 02:28:54,492 PRESENTING THE FINAL REPORT FOR 3197 02:28:54,558 --> 02:28:56,827 YOUR REVIEW AND ACCEPTANCE. 3198 02:28:56,894 --> 02:28:59,497 IT'S TIME FOR ME TO NOW TURN IT 3199 02:28:59,563 --> 02:29:02,166 OVER TO DR. CINDY BATEMAN WHO IS 3200 02:29:02,233 --> 02:29:06,604 GOING TO START NOW WITH HER 3201 02:29:06,671 --> 02:29:07,805 COMMENTS FROM AN ME/CFS 3202 02:29:07,872 --> 02:29:10,174 CLINICIAN AND WAS ONE OF THE 3203 02:29:10,241 --> 02:29:12,810 COCHAIRS OF THE PROCESS. 3204 02:29:12,877 --> 02:29:14,111 THANK YOU, TAKE IT AWAY, CINDY. 3205 02:29:14,178 --> 02:29:15,079 >> THANK YOU, VICKY. 3206 02:29:15,146 --> 02:29:16,414 IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE. 3207 02:29:16,480 --> 02:29:20,384 IT WAS A PLEASURE TO WORK WITH 3208 02:29:20,451 --> 02:29:20,851 THIS GROUP -- 3209 02:29:20,918 --> 02:29:23,754 >> WE CAN'T HEAR YOU, CINDY. 3210 02:29:23,821 --> 02:29:34,231 >> IT'S VERY LOW VOLUME. 3211 02:29:43,874 --> 02:29:54,285 >> CAN YOU YOU HEAR ME NOW? 3212 02:29:57,455 --> 02:30:00,157 >> HOLD ON A SECOND. 3213 02:30:00,224 --> 02:30:03,928 >> WE'RE GETTING THE TECHNICAL 3214 02:30:03,994 --> 02:30:14,138 PEOPLE. 3215 02:30:28,419 --> 02:30:29,487 >> YOU'RE FINE. 3216 02:30:29,553 --> 02:30:31,922 I WONDER IF IT'S SOMETHING IN 3217 02:30:31,989 --> 02:30:32,590 THE ROOM. 3218 02:30:32,656 --> 02:30:34,158 >> I CAN HEAR YOU REALLY WELL, 3219 02:30:34,225 --> 02:30:44,034 MARI. 3220 02:30:44,101 --> 02:30:47,905 >> I CAN HEAR CINDY REALLY WELL. 3221 02:30:47,972 --> 02:30:51,942 >> SHE'S LOW TOO. 3222 02:30:52,009 --> 02:30:56,013 REALLY LOW. 3223 02:30:56,080 --> 02:30:57,815 IT APPEARS EVERYONE ONLINE CAN 3224 02:30:57,882 --> 02:30:59,016 HEAR FINE IT'S JUST IN THE ROOM. 3225 02:30:59,083 --> 02:31:05,856 >> THAT'S CORRECT. 3226 02:31:05,923 --> 02:31:07,792 >> IF I TALK LOUDER IT MAY BE 3227 02:31:07,858 --> 02:31:18,402 TOO LOUD FOR THE PEOPLE ONLINE. 3228 02:31:20,337 --> 02:31:23,607 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? 3229 02:31:23,674 --> 02:31:27,711 >> WE CAN HEAR YOU. 3230 02:31:27,778 --> 02:31:28,279 >> HOW DOES IT SOUND IN THE 3231 02:31:28,345 --> 02:31:35,085 ROOM? 3232 02:31:35,152 --> 02:31:45,696 >> WE HAVE SOMEONE IN THE ROOM. 3233 02:31:51,535 --> 02:31:55,072 >> GIVE IT A TRY. 3234 02:31:55,139 --> 02:31:56,807 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? 3235 02:31:56,874 --> 02:31:58,275 IS THAT BETTER THAN IT WAS? 3236 02:31:58,342 --> 02:32:08,652 >> NO, CAN'T HEAR. 3237 02:32:34,745 --> 02:32:45,222 >> YOUR SPEAKERS ARE A PROBLEM. 3238 02:33:03,541 --> 02:33:05,509 >> HOW DOES IT SOUND NOW? 3239 02:33:05,576 --> 02:33:05,876 >> MUCH BETTER. 3240 02:33:05,943 --> 02:33:07,678 >> OKAY. 3241 02:33:07,745 --> 02:33:07,945 GOOD. 3242 02:33:08,012 --> 02:33:11,048 SHALL I GO AHEAD? 3243 02:33:11,115 --> 02:33:11,815 ALL RIGHT. 3244 02:33:11,882 --> 02:33:14,685 I'M CINDY BATEMAN. 3245 02:33:14,752 --> 02:33:15,920 I'M AN ME/CFS CLINICIAN. 3246 02:33:15,986 --> 02:33:18,522 IT'S AN GREAT HONOR TO BE HERE 3247 02:33:18,589 --> 02:33:19,089 REPRESENTING OUR ME/CFS 3248 02:33:19,156 --> 02:33:20,291 STAKEHOLDERS AND IT WAS A 3249 02:33:20,357 --> 02:33:22,927 PLEASURE TO WORK WITH THIS 3250 02:33:22,993 --> 02:33:23,327 GROUP. 3251 02:33:23,394 --> 02:33:26,463 REALLY INTERESTING AND FUN. 3252 02:33:26,530 --> 02:33:28,165 I JUST WANT TO GIVE YOU A LITTLE 3253 02:33:28,232 --> 02:33:31,835 CLINICAL CONTEXT. 3254 02:33:31,902 --> 02:33:34,471 BEFORE THE PANDEMIC ME/CFS WAS 3255 02:33:34,538 --> 02:33:36,373 EXPECTED TO AFFECT 3 MILLION 3256 02:33:36,440 --> 02:33:38,242 PEOPLE IN THE U.S. AND THIS MAY 3257 02:33:38,309 --> 02:33:43,113 BE AN UNDER ESTIMATE. 3258 02:33:43,180 --> 02:33:45,716 SO WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? 3259 02:33:45,783 --> 02:33:49,353 THIS IS SPECIFICALLY FROM A 3260 02:33:49,420 --> 02:33:51,488 LITTLE BIT OF MY OWN PERSPECTIVE 3261 02:33:51,555 --> 02:33:54,592 AND THOSE OF US IN THE 3262 02:33:54,658 --> 02:33:55,759 STAKEHOLDER PUBLIC. 3263 02:33:55,826 --> 02:33:58,362 YES, WE WERE SUPPOSED TO OBSERVE 3264 02:33:58,429 --> 02:33:59,897 ASSESS CURRENT RESEARCH 3265 02:33:59,964 --> 02:34:02,633 ACTIVITIES AND IDENTIFY 3266 02:34:02,700 --> 02:34:03,534 OPPORTUNITIES AND GAPS IN ME/CFS 3267 02:34:03,601 --> 02:34:05,669 RESEARCH TO IDENTIFY TARGETS FOR 3268 02:34:05,736 --> 02:34:08,439 DEVELOPMENTS AND TREATMENTS VIA 3269 02:34:08,505 --> 02:34:12,643 THE NINDS COUNCIL TO NIH BUT 3270 02:34:12,710 --> 02:34:14,878 GAVE US AN OPPORTUNITY TO UPDATE 3271 02:34:14,945 --> 02:34:17,047 RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE SINCE THE 3272 02:34:17,114 --> 02:34:20,050 PUBLICATION OF THE IOM INSTITUTE 3273 02:34:20,117 --> 02:34:23,988 OF MEDICINE REVIEW PUBLISHED IN 3274 02:34:24,355 --> 02:34:26,123 2015 A CHANCE TO FOCUS 3275 02:34:26,190 --> 02:34:27,391 SPECIFICALLY ON ME/CFS THAT'S 3276 02:34:27,458 --> 02:34:29,393 BEEN DROWNED OUT BY THE PANDEMIC 3277 02:34:29,460 --> 02:34:31,829 AND LONG COVID WHILE STILL 3278 02:34:31,895 --> 02:34:33,731 RECOGNIZING WE CAN GAIN NEW 3279 02:34:33,797 --> 02:34:35,132 KNOWLEDGE BY UNDERSTANDING LONG 3280 02:34:35,199 --> 02:34:37,835 COVID AND HOW IT RELATES TO 3281 02:34:37,901 --> 02:34:38,135 ME/CFS. 3282 02:34:38,202 --> 02:34:39,803 IT WAS AN INTERESTING FORUM TO 3283 02:34:39,870 --> 02:34:41,972 BE CROSS-DISCIPLINARY AND BE 3284 02:34:42,039 --> 02:34:43,307 ABLE TO CONSIDER THE OVERLAP AND 3285 02:34:43,374 --> 02:34:45,976 THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF THIS 3286 02:34:46,043 --> 02:34:47,378 DISEASE INSTEAD OF STAYING IN 3287 02:34:47,444 --> 02:34:50,047 OUR SPECIALTY SILOS. 3288 02:34:50,114 --> 02:34:51,715 THAT'S PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT 3289 02:34:51,782 --> 02:34:52,216 BUT IMPORTANT WITH THIS 3290 02:34:52,282 --> 02:34:54,184 MULTI-SYSTEM DISEASE. 3291 02:34:54,251 --> 02:34:57,121 AND IT GIVES US A CHANCE TO 3292 02:34:57,187 --> 02:34:58,455 IMMORTALIZE THIS COMBINED 3293 02:34:58,522 --> 02:34:59,790 EXPERTISE AND MAKE IT WIDELY 3294 02:34:59,857 --> 02:35:00,791 AVAILABLE BY MAKING IT AVAILABLE 3295 02:35:00,858 --> 02:35:02,459 TO ANYBODY WHO WOULD LIKE TO SEE 3296 02:35:02,526 --> 02:35:09,266 IT AND REVIEW IT. 3297 02:35:09,333 --> 02:35:11,468 SO, YOU DON'T HAVE TO READ ALL 3298 02:35:11,535 --> 02:35:13,537 THIS BUT HERE ARE THE EIGHT 3299 02:35:13,604 --> 02:35:15,939 WEBINAR TOPICS AND LISTED THE 3300 02:35:16,006 --> 02:35:18,242 SUB TOPICS UNDERNEATH TO GET AN 3301 02:35:18,308 --> 02:35:18,876 IDEA OF THE RANGE. 3302 02:35:18,942 --> 02:35:23,347 I ALSO WANT YOU TO NOTE THAT 3303 02:35:23,414 --> 02:35:27,618 EACH OF THE WEBINAR SUB TOPICS 3304 02:35:27,685 --> 02:35:28,218 HAS MULTISYSTEM PRESENTATION. 3305 02:35:28,285 --> 02:35:30,087 THIS CREATES A VERY CHALLENGING 3306 02:35:30,154 --> 02:35:31,789 TARGET FOR BOTH CLINICAL AND 3307 02:35:31,855 --> 02:35:36,860 RESEARCH MANAGEMENT. 3308 02:35:36,927 --> 02:35:40,197 AND THIS I OVERLAID IN RED INK 3309 02:35:40,264 --> 02:35:43,467 BECAUSE I THINK THESE ARE THE 3310 02:35:43,534 --> 02:35:45,035 AREAS PARTICULARLY AMPLIFIED OR 3311 02:35:45,102 --> 02:35:47,604 BRAND NEW SINCE THE INSTITUTE OF 3312 02:35:47,671 --> 02:35:48,939 MEDICINE OF REPORT WAS PUBLISHED 3313 02:35:49,006 --> 02:35:50,908 IN 2015. 3314 02:35:50,974 --> 02:35:53,544 YOU CAN SEE A HUGE AMOUNT OF 3315 02:35:53,610 --> 02:35:54,912 INCREASE IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF 3316 02:35:54,978 --> 02:35:58,182 THE BREADTH AND DEPTH OF THE 3317 02:35:58,248 --> 02:36:02,119 ILLNESS. 3318 02:36:02,186 --> 02:36:04,221 JUST TO KIND OF INTRODUCE YOU TO 3319 02:36:04,288 --> 02:36:06,924 ME/CFS WHICH YOU MAY OR MAY NOT 3320 02:36:06,990 --> 02:36:08,992 HAVE MUCH CLINICAL OR PERSONAL 3321 02:36:09,059 --> 02:36:10,661 EXPERIENCE WITH. 3322 02:36:10,728 --> 02:36:17,000 OF COURSE IT'S CHRONIC FATIGUE 3323 02:36:17,067 --> 02:36:21,271 SYNDROME, ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND 3324 02:36:21,338 --> 02:36:27,177 IT INVOLVES THE BRAIN, 3325 02:36:27,244 --> 02:36:28,746 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND 3326 02:36:28,812 --> 02:36:31,348 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND IMPAIRED 3327 02:36:31,415 --> 02:36:32,616 METABOLISM AT LEAST AND I'VE 3328 02:36:32,683 --> 02:36:33,383 LISTED SOME OF THE EVIDENCE THAT 3329 02:36:33,450 --> 02:36:36,220 WE HAVE SO FAR BACKING THIS UP. 3330 02:36:36,286 --> 02:36:39,490 AND WHILE IT'S MOST FREQUENTLY 3331 02:36:39,556 --> 02:36:42,359 CONSIDERED POST VIRAL OR POST 3332 02:36:42,426 --> 02:36:43,927 INFECTIOUS, THERE'S EVIDENCE OF 3333 02:36:43,994 --> 02:36:45,562 IMMUNE TRIGGERS AND 3334 02:36:45,629 --> 02:36:46,697 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, TRAUMA 3335 02:36:46,764 --> 02:36:47,731 AND OTHER THINGS ASSOCIATED WITH 3336 02:36:47,798 --> 02:36:51,602 THE ONSET OF ME/CFS BUT AS WE 3337 02:36:51,668 --> 02:36:53,971 WOULD BOTH SAY IT DOESN'T RULE 3338 02:36:54,037 --> 02:36:55,939 OUT VIRAL INVOLVEMENT IN THIS 3339 02:36:56,006 --> 02:36:57,541 PROFESSION. 3340 02:36:57,608 --> 02:36:58,809 -- PROCESS. 3341 02:36:58,876 --> 02:37:01,612 IN ME/CFS THE DIAGNOSIS IS 3342 02:37:01,678 --> 02:37:02,846 TYPICALLY MADE VERY LATE MAYBE 3343 02:37:02,913 --> 02:37:04,681 YEARS INTO THEIR ILLNESS. 3344 02:37:04,748 --> 02:37:06,383 IT'S NOT UNCOMMON FOR PEOPLE TO 3345 02:37:06,450 --> 02:37:07,985 GO FIVE, SIX YEARS BEFORE THEY 3346 02:37:08,051 --> 02:37:09,987 GET A DIAGNOSIS AND THERE'S ALSO 3347 02:37:10,053 --> 02:37:11,789 EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST AS THE 3348 02:37:11,855 --> 02:37:13,590 HIGHLY UNDER DIAGNOSED AND 3349 02:37:13,657 --> 02:37:14,725 UNRECOGNIZED IN CLINICAL 3350 02:37:14,792 --> 02:37:14,992 MEDICINE. 3351 02:37:15,058 --> 02:37:19,129 SO WE REALLY HAVE NOT HAD A GOOD 3352 02:37:19,196 --> 02:37:21,532 LOOK AT THE EARLY NATURAL 3353 02:37:21,598 --> 02:37:21,765 HISTORY. 3354 02:37:21,832 --> 02:37:23,600 AND WHAT'S REALLY INTERESTING 3355 02:37:23,667 --> 02:37:25,235 ABOUT THE LONG COVID PANDEMIC, 3356 02:37:25,302 --> 02:37:27,938 THE COVID PANDEMIC IS THAT THE 3357 02:37:28,005 --> 02:37:29,907 THEORIES EMERGING ABOUT LONG 3358 02:37:29,973 --> 02:37:31,475 COVID REALLY PARALLEL THE 3359 02:37:31,542 --> 02:37:33,577 THEORIES WE HAVE THAT MIGHT 3360 02:37:33,644 --> 02:37:35,279 EXPLAIN WHAT'S GOING ON IN 3361 02:37:35,345 --> 02:37:35,979 ME/CFS. 3362 02:37:36,046 --> 02:37:39,817 AND DEEPER INSIGHTS ARE EMERGING 3363 02:37:39,883 --> 02:37:42,386 INVOLVING THE ROLE OF RISK 3364 02:37:42,452 --> 02:37:43,854 FACTORS AND OTHER OVERLAPPING 3365 02:37:43,921 --> 02:37:46,190 RELATED CONDITIONS YOU'LL HEAR 3366 02:37:46,256 --> 02:37:49,860 MORE ABOUT IN THE REPORT. 3367 02:37:49,927 --> 02:37:52,996 THESE ARE THE NATIONAL ACADEMY 3368 02:37:53,063 --> 02:37:57,601 OF MEDICINE 2015 INSTITUTE OF 3369 02:37:57,668 --> 02:37:58,235 MEDICINE ME/CFS CLINICAL 3370 02:37:58,302 --> 02:37:58,735 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA. 3371 02:37:58,802 --> 02:38:02,239 THAT REVIEW WAS NOT REALLY A 3372 02:38:02,306 --> 02:38:02,739 RESEARCH REVIEW. 3373 02:38:02,806 --> 02:38:07,010 IT WAS AN EVIDENCE BASED REVIEW 3374 02:38:07,077 --> 02:38:07,744 TO DETERMINE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 3375 02:38:07,811 --> 02:38:12,216 YA FROM THE REPORT AND THERE'S 3376 02:38:12,282 --> 02:38:13,584 IMPAIRED FUNCTION AND IT USED TO 3377 02:38:13,650 --> 02:38:16,186 BE FATIGUE WAS THE FIRST LISTED 3378 02:38:16,253 --> 02:38:19,022 BUT IT GOT DEMOTED TO FURTHER IN 3379 02:38:19,089 --> 02:38:20,457 THE SENTENCE BECAUSE IT'S 3380 02:38:20,524 --> 02:38:24,928 IMPAIRED FUNCTION AND THEN POST 3381 02:38:24,995 --> 02:38:28,131 EXERTIONAL MALAISE AN ESCALATION 3382 02:38:28,198 --> 02:38:31,668 OF ILLNESS FROM TRYING TO EXCEED 3383 02:38:31,735 --> 02:38:33,637 TOLERABLE ACTIVITY AND 3384 02:38:33,704 --> 02:38:34,771 DYSREGULATED SLEEP PROBABLY 3385 02:38:34,838 --> 02:38:36,440 CENTRALLY AND AT LEAST ONE OF 3386 02:38:36,506 --> 02:38:38,675 THE FOLLOWING COGNITIVE OR 3387 02:38:38,742 --> 02:38:39,443 ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE. 3388 02:38:39,509 --> 02:38:42,613 THAT CAME BECAUSE THE PEDIATRIC 3389 02:38:42,679 --> 02:38:45,215 LITERATURE WAS STRONGER IN OTHER 3390 02:38:45,282 --> 02:38:46,750 STATIC IN TOLERANCE AND THE 3391 02:38:46,817 --> 02:38:48,785 ADULT LITERATURE WAS STRONGER IN 3392 02:38:48,852 --> 02:38:49,419 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BUT THEY'RE 3393 02:38:49,486 --> 02:38:51,188 IMPORTANT AND KEY FEATURES. 3394 02:38:51,255 --> 02:38:53,557 SO AS THE CRITERIA HAVE TO ALL 3395 02:38:53,624 --> 02:38:58,929 BE PRESENT IN MAD -- MODERATE TO 3396 02:38:58,996 --> 02:39:05,569 SEVERE FEATURES 70% OF THE TIME 3397 02:39:05,636 --> 02:39:07,471 THERE'S IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY 3398 02:39:07,537 --> 02:39:09,573 MANIFESTATIONS AND INTERMITTENT 3399 02:39:09,640 --> 02:39:10,207 INFECTION MANIFESTATIONS AS 3400 02:39:10,274 --> 02:39:14,311 WELL. 3401 02:39:14,378 --> 02:39:17,347 SO IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT FOR 3402 02:39:17,414 --> 02:39:19,883 PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND THAT THIS 3403 02:39:19,950 --> 02:39:21,652 ILLNESS IS DISTINGUISHED FROM 3404 02:39:21,718 --> 02:39:22,853 OTHER ILLNESSES AND OTHER TYPES 3405 02:39:22,920 --> 02:39:24,788 OF CHRONIC FATIGUE BY THE AMOUNT 3406 02:39:24,855 --> 02:39:26,723 OF IMPAIRMENT AND DEBILITATION 3407 02:39:26,790 --> 02:39:30,560 PRESENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3408 02:39:30,627 --> 02:39:37,935 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE AND 3409 02:39:38,001 --> 02:39:39,169 THAT'S TRIGGERS BY STRESSORS AND 3410 02:39:39,236 --> 02:39:41,838 THEY COULD BE MINOR AND CAN BE 3411 02:39:41,905 --> 02:39:45,442 PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, SENSORY, 3412 02:39:45,509 --> 02:39:47,945 EMOTIONAL OR ORTHOSTATIC 3413 02:39:48,011 --> 02:39:49,746 STRESSORS TO TRIGGER 3414 02:39:49,813 --> 02:39:51,915 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE AND THE 3415 02:39:51,982 --> 02:39:54,284 ILLNESS AND CAPACITY RANGES FROM 3416 02:39:54,351 --> 02:39:57,020 DIFFICULTY MAINTAINING A NORMAL 3417 02:39:57,087 --> 02:39:58,422 SCHEDULE EVEN IN PEOPLE MOSTLY 3418 02:39:58,488 --> 02:40:00,590 RECOVERED ESPECIALLY WHEN IT 3419 02:40:00,657 --> 02:40:01,992 COMES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR 3420 02:40:02,059 --> 02:40:03,493 TRYING TO DO MULTIPLE TASKS 3421 02:40:03,560 --> 02:40:05,929 DURING THE DAY TO PATIENTS KIND 3422 02:40:05,996 --> 02:40:08,098 OF LOST FROM SOCIETY BECAUSE 3423 02:40:08,165 --> 02:40:09,232 THEY'RE HOUSE BOUND OR BED 3424 02:40:09,299 --> 02:40:11,368 RIDDEN AND STUDIES HAVE SHOWN UP 3425 02:40:11,435 --> 02:40:15,038 TO 25% OF CASES CAN BE SEVERELY 3426 02:40:15,105 --> 02:40:16,907 ILL ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THAT 3427 02:40:16,974 --> 02:40:18,041 SPECTRUM AT SOME POINT IN THEIR 3428 02:40:18,108 --> 02:40:18,342 ILLNESS. 3429 02:40:18,408 --> 02:40:20,677 SOME PEOPLE GO BACK AND FORTH 3430 02:40:20,744 --> 02:40:23,213 BETWEEN THESE CONDITIONS BASED 3431 02:40:23,280 --> 02:40:25,048 ON FACTORS WE DON'T TOTALLY 3432 02:40:25,115 --> 02:40:26,149 UNDERSTAND AND SOME IS TRYING TO 3433 02:40:26,216 --> 02:40:32,823 EXCEED ACTIVITY CAPACITY. 3434 02:40:32,889 --> 02:40:34,992 THIS IS A PAPER -- THERE'S QUITE 3435 02:40:35,058 --> 02:40:40,664 A FEW PAPERS ON POST-EXERTIONAL 3436 02:40:40,731 --> 02:40:42,833 MALAISE AND THIS CAME FROM A 3437 02:40:42,899 --> 02:40:44,935 PATIENT STUDY MORE RECENTLY 3438 02:40:45,002 --> 02:40:47,838 PUBLISHED AND THEY DESCRIBED 3439 02:40:47,904 --> 02:40:49,206 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE. 3440 02:40:49,272 --> 02:40:51,875 THIS WAS CHARACTERIZED BY 43 3441 02:40:51,942 --> 02:40:55,712 PEOPLE WITH ME/CFS WHO WERE 3442 02:40:55,779 --> 02:40:57,814 PARTICIPATING IN FOCUS GROUPS 3443 02:40:57,881 --> 02:40:59,950 AND WENT ON TO INCLUDE THOSE IN 3444 02:41:00,017 --> 02:41:02,719 THE IN-PATIENT STUDY. 3445 02:41:02,786 --> 02:41:05,088 THIS IS A VISUAL PICTURE OF WHAT 3446 02:41:05,155 --> 02:41:09,960 IT LOOKS LIKE TO DEVELOP 3447 02:41:10,027 --> 02:41:10,927 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE. 3448 02:41:10,994 --> 02:41:13,430 IT'S NOT JUST FATIGUE I HEARD IT 3449 02:41:13,497 --> 02:41:17,034 DESCRIBED AS POISON. 3450 02:41:17,100 --> 02:41:19,703 ING -- POISONING. 3451 02:41:19,770 --> 02:41:21,605 I HEARD MANY TELL ME IT FEELS 3452 02:41:21,671 --> 02:41:22,839 LIKE THEY'RE DYING. 3453 02:41:22,906 --> 02:41:25,642 IT'S A TOTAL BODY SHUT DOWN WITH 3454 02:41:25,709 --> 02:41:27,944 ALL THESE FLAVORS AND CAN LAST A 3455 02:41:28,011 --> 02:41:30,080 FEW DAYS OR CAN LEAST WEEKS OR 3456 02:41:30,147 --> 02:41:32,315 MONTHS AND IN SOME CASES PEOPLE 3457 02:41:32,382 --> 02:41:34,785 STAY PERMANENTLY IN THAT 3458 02:41:34,851 --> 02:41:37,054 POSITION OF HAVING SEVERE 3459 02:41:37,120 --> 02:41:40,057 SYMPTOMS FROM REMEMBER FACTORS 3460 02:41:40,123 --> 02:41:42,759 WE DON'T ALL UNDERSTAND AND FROM 3461 02:41:42,826 --> 02:41:45,962 EXCEEDING THEIR ENERGY CAPACITY. 3462 02:41:46,029 --> 02:41:47,964 SO FROM THAT SAME PAPER I THINK 3463 02:41:48,031 --> 02:41:49,032 THIS IS POIGNANT. 3464 02:41:49,099 --> 02:41:52,202 THESE ARE ACTIVITIES THAT CAN 3465 02:41:52,269 --> 02:41:53,737 CAUSE POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE. 3466 02:41:53,804 --> 02:41:55,605 THEY'RE DIVIDED INTO THREE 3467 02:41:55,672 --> 02:41:56,606 CATEGORIES BUT LOOK AT THE 3468 02:41:56,673 --> 02:41:58,208 SPECIFICS OF THE AMOUNT OF 3469 02:41:58,275 --> 02:42:01,344 EFFORT IT TOOK TO TRIGGER 3470 02:42:01,411 --> 02:42:02,079 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE. 3471 02:42:02,145 --> 02:42:04,548 READING A BOOK, SHOPPING, GOING 3472 02:42:04,614 --> 02:42:07,050 TO A DOCTOR'S APPOINTMENT, 3473 02:42:07,117 --> 02:42:10,854 PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES LIKE WALKING 3474 02:42:10,921 --> 02:42:12,856 OR SHOPPING OR GOING TO A 3475 02:42:12,923 --> 02:42:13,824 DOCTOR'S APPOINTMENT. 3476 02:42:13,890 --> 02:42:15,125 LOTS OF PEOPLE DON'T FEEL 3477 02:42:15,192 --> 02:42:16,226 COMFORTABLE DRIVING OR CAN ONLY 3478 02:42:16,293 --> 02:42:18,895 DO IT WHEN THEY'RE FEELING AT 3479 02:42:18,962 --> 02:42:19,196 THEIR BEST. 3480 02:42:19,262 --> 02:42:23,100 AND THEN THERE ARE SENSORY AND 3481 02:42:23,166 --> 02:42:24,601 EMOTION PRECIPITATED RELAPSES 3482 02:42:24,668 --> 02:42:26,703 THAT CAN OCCUR EVEN DEALING WITH 3483 02:42:26,770 --> 02:42:28,905 ANOTHER PERSON'S GRIEF AND 3484 02:42:28,972 --> 02:42:29,573 FEELINGS. 3485 02:42:29,639 --> 02:42:31,108 IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO BE IN 3486 02:42:31,174 --> 02:42:34,211 GROUPS AND EVEN GOING OUT TO 3487 02:42:34,277 --> 02:42:36,146 DINNER IS KIND OF AN 3488 02:42:36,213 --> 02:42:38,115 OVERWHELMING SENSORY AND 3489 02:42:38,181 --> 02:42:40,450 PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE EFFORT 3490 02:42:40,517 --> 02:42:41,184 THAT CAN SOMETIMES CREATE 3491 02:42:41,251 --> 02:42:41,751 POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE IN 3492 02:42:41,818 --> 02:42:47,023 PATIENTS. 3493 02:42:47,090 --> 02:42:49,025 JUST TO COMMENT ABOUT 3494 02:42:49,092 --> 02:42:50,393 HETEROGENEITY BECAUSE I THINK IT 3495 02:42:50,460 --> 02:42:51,962 MADE IT DIFFICULT TO CARRY OUT 3496 02:42:52,028 --> 02:42:53,930 SMALL STUDIES AND TO KNOW HOW TO 3497 02:42:53,997 --> 02:42:55,265 INCLUDE PATIENTS IN RESEARCH. 3498 02:42:55,332 --> 02:42:58,201 AND NOT ONLY DOES THE 3499 02:42:58,268 --> 02:42:59,402 HETEROGENEITY COME FROM THE 3500 02:42:59,469 --> 02:43:02,606 MULTI-SYSTEM NATURE OF THIS 3501 02:43:02,672 --> 02:43:04,641 DISEASE BUT IT'S POSSIBLE ULLI 3502 02:43:04,708 --> 02:43:07,277 ILLNESS TRIGGERS THE SECONDARY 3503 02:43:07,344 --> 02:43:08,011 CONSEQUENCES. 3504 02:43:08,078 --> 02:43:11,748 FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU START WITH A 3505 02:43:11,815 --> 02:43:15,185 VIRUS THAT TARGETS THE 3506 02:43:15,252 --> 02:43:16,520 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT YOU MAY 3507 02:43:16,586 --> 02:43:18,054 HAVE RELAPSING MORE THAN SOMEONE 3508 02:43:18,121 --> 02:43:20,223 WHO GETS A RESPIRATORY OR 3509 02:43:20,290 --> 02:43:20,824 FLU-LIKE VIRUS. 3510 02:43:20,891 --> 02:43:22,859 IT COULD BE ALL ONE FAMILY OF 3511 02:43:22,926 --> 02:43:27,597 VIRUSES THAT TARGET OR HAVE 3512 02:43:27,664 --> 02:43:28,231 TROPISM FOR DIFFERENT SYSTEMS AS 3513 02:43:28,298 --> 02:43:28,431 WELL. 3514 02:43:28,498 --> 02:43:29,566 ALSO, STAGE AND DURATION OF 3515 02:43:29,633 --> 02:43:31,301 ILLNESS MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE 3516 02:43:31,368 --> 02:43:33,503 AND NOT ONLY THAT BUT WHATEVER 3517 02:43:33,570 --> 02:43:34,538 STATE OF POST-EXERTIONAL MALAISE 3518 02:43:34,604 --> 02:43:36,740 YOU'RE IN, WHEN YOU GO TO 3519 02:43:36,806 --> 02:43:38,275 PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH WILL 3520 02:43:38,341 --> 02:43:39,809 PROBABLY MAKE ME FINDINGS LOOK 3521 02:43:39,876 --> 02:43:40,076 DIFFERENT. 3522 02:43:40,143 --> 02:43:42,312 IF YOU'RE BACK TO BASELINE AND 3523 02:43:42,379 --> 02:43:43,346 RESTED YOU HAVE DIFFERENT 3524 02:43:43,413 --> 02:43:45,782 FINDINGS FROM SOMEONE IN RELAPSE 3525 02:43:45,849 --> 02:43:50,587 OR RECENTLY BEEN OVER DOING. 3526 02:43:50,654 --> 02:43:52,923 WE'RE LEARNING MORE ABOUT 3527 02:43:52,989 --> 02:43:55,492 COMORBID AND OVERLAPPING 3528 02:43:55,559 --> 02:43:56,259 CONDITIONS AND A LOT OF THOSE 3529 02:43:56,326 --> 02:43:57,327 ARE INCLUDED IN THE DISCUSSION 3530 02:43:57,394 --> 02:43:59,596 OF THE REPORT AND THEIR AGE, 3531 02:43:59,663 --> 02:44:00,597 SEX, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND 3532 02:44:00,664 --> 02:44:02,532 PROBABLY GENETIC FACTORS WE 3533 02:44:02,599 --> 02:44:05,335 DON'T UNDERSTAND VERY WELL BUT 3534 02:44:05,402 --> 02:44:07,170 ALL THESE AREAS NEED TO BE 3535 02:44:07,237 --> 02:44:08,738 ACCOUNTED FOR AS WE MOVE FORWARD 3536 02:44:08,805 --> 02:44:11,841 TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE 3537 02:44:11,908 --> 02:44:12,209 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. 3538 02:44:12,275 --> 02:44:13,944 I'LL TURN THE TIME OVER TO 3539 02:44:14,010 --> 02:44:15,845 MAUREEN TO DISCUSS MORE OF THE 3540 02:44:15,912 --> 02:44:23,119 SCIENTIFIC MEAT OF THE REPORT. 3541 02:44:23,186 --> 02:44:23,753 >> THANKS. 3542 02:44:23,820 --> 02:44:26,690 I WANT TO VERIFY PEOPLE CAN HEAR 3543 02:44:26,756 --> 02:44:26,957 ME. 3544 02:44:27,023 --> 02:44:28,525 >> WE CAN. 3545 02:44:28,592 --> 02:44:29,859 >> THANKS. 3546 02:44:29,926 --> 02:44:32,896 SO, I WANT TO GIVE SOME OF THE 3547 02:44:32,963 --> 02:44:34,664 KEY POINTS REGARDING THE 3548 02:44:34,731 --> 02:44:37,133 RESEARCH PRIORITIES THAT WERE 3549 02:44:37,200 --> 02:44:38,568 DISCUSSED IN THE EIGHT DOMAINS 3550 02:44:38,635 --> 02:44:40,036 THAT VICKY ALREADY TOLD YOU 3551 02:44:40,103 --> 02:44:40,770 ABOUT. 3552 02:44:40,837 --> 02:44:43,740 BUT GIVEN THAT I HAVE TIME 3553 02:44:43,807 --> 02:44:45,642 LIMITATION I CAN'T GO INTO DEPTH 3554 02:44:45,709 --> 02:44:47,611 INTO ALL EIGHT OF THESE DOMAINS. 3555 02:44:47,677 --> 02:44:49,679 SO I'VE SELECTED THE FIRST THREE 3556 02:44:49,746 --> 02:44:52,215 HERE CHRONIC INFECTION, IMMUNE 3557 02:44:52,282 --> 02:44:52,949 SYSTEM AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. 3558 02:44:53,016 --> 02:44:55,852 THE LATTER BECAUSE I THINK MANY 3559 02:44:55,919 --> 02:44:58,054 ARE INTERESTED PARTICULARLY IN 3560 02:44:58,121 --> 02:44:59,256 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BUT WILL 3561 02:44:59,322 --> 02:45:00,924 BRIEFLY TOUCH ON THE OTHER FIVE. 3562 02:45:00,991 --> 02:45:02,926 LET ME START WITH CHRONIC 3563 02:45:02,993 --> 02:45:03,193 INFECTION. 3564 02:45:03,260 --> 02:45:04,261 EMPHASIZE THE FACT THAT 3565 02:45:04,327 --> 02:45:05,695 THREE-QUARTERS OF THE 3566 02:45:05,762 --> 02:45:06,463 INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS MENTION 3567 02:45:06,529 --> 02:45:09,733 THEY'RE ONSET FOLLOWED A 3568 02:45:09,799 --> 02:45:13,303 FLU-LIKE ILLNESS OR 3569 02:45:13,370 --> 02:45:14,971 MONONUCLEOSIS AND IT'S NOT KNOWN 3570 02:45:15,038 --> 02:45:16,473 BY A LOT OF PEOPLE FORTUNATELY 3571 02:45:16,539 --> 02:45:18,074 MANY OUTBREAKS HAVE OCCURRED 3572 02:45:18,141 --> 02:45:22,212 MANY TIMES IN THE LAST 100 YEARS 3573 02:45:22,279 --> 02:45:24,748 RECENTLY DURING THE MID-80s 3574 02:45:24,814 --> 02:45:26,583 THERE WERE A LARGE NUMBER OF 3575 02:45:26,650 --> 02:45:26,883 OUTBREAKS. 3576 02:45:26,950 --> 02:45:29,686 THE EVIDENCE FOR THE OUTBREAKS 3577 02:45:29,753 --> 02:45:32,522 IN THE MID '80s THEY WERE LIKELY 3578 02:45:32,589 --> 02:45:34,824 VIRAL IN NATURE BUT FOR THE MOST 3579 02:45:34,891 --> 02:45:38,395 PART MOST OF THOSE OUTBREAKS THE 3580 02:45:38,461 --> 02:45:40,196 VIRUS IS NOT IDENTIFIED BUT IN A 3581 02:45:40,263 --> 02:45:42,432 FEW OF THE OUTBREAKS THERE'S 3582 02:45:42,499 --> 02:45:43,633 GOOD EVIDENCE FOR ENTEROVIRUS AS 3583 02:45:43,700 --> 02:45:47,037 THE PATHOGEN AND IT'S POSSIBLE 3584 02:45:47,103 --> 02:45:49,673 ENTEROVIRUS FAMILY MEMBER WAS 3585 02:45:49,739 --> 02:45:51,808 THE PATHOGEN IN ALL THE MID '80s 3586 02:45:51,875 --> 02:45:53,810 OUTBREAKS AND LIKELY THE ONES IN 3587 02:45:53,877 --> 02:45:54,544 THE EARLIER YEARS. 3588 02:45:54,611 --> 02:45:58,148 SO THE QUESTIONS THAT REMAIN THE 3589 02:45:58,214 --> 02:45:59,482 WEBINAR EXPLORED AND THE 3590 02:45:59,549 --> 02:46:02,452 COMMITTEE CAME UP WITH IS WHICH 3591 02:46:02,519 --> 02:46:04,554 VIRUSES CAN INSIGHT ME/CFS 3592 02:46:04,621 --> 02:46:05,622 OUTBREAKS AS WELL AS THE 3593 02:46:05,689 --> 02:46:08,825 SPORADIC CASES LARGELY THE ONES 3594 02:46:08,892 --> 02:46:11,328 OCCURRING SINCE THE MID '80s AND 3595 02:46:11,394 --> 02:46:12,395 STILL OCCURRING TODAY. 3596 02:46:12,462 --> 02:46:16,666 AND WHAT IS THE ROLE OF EVB. 3597 02:46:16,733 --> 02:46:19,669 CAN IT INSIGHT OR REACTIVATE AND 3598 02:46:19,736 --> 02:46:22,238 MAINTAIN THE ILLNESS OR IS IT 3599 02:46:22,305 --> 02:46:27,310 ONLY A SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTOR? 3600 02:46:27,377 --> 02:46:31,948 THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOGENOUS 3601 02:46:32,015 --> 02:46:33,616 RETROVIRUSES ARE LITTLE 3602 02:46:33,683 --> 02:46:34,918 INVESTIGATED AND KEY QUESTION IN 3603 02:46:34,984 --> 02:46:37,153 CHRONIC INFECTION ARE THE 3604 02:46:37,220 --> 02:46:39,789 INCITING VIRUSES OR DERIVATIVES 3605 02:46:39,856 --> 02:46:44,127 STILL PRESENT IN SOME PROFESSION 3606 02:46:44,194 --> 02:46:45,295 -- ME/CFS CASES. 3607 02:46:45,362 --> 02:46:46,930 NEXT I'D LIKE TO DISCUSS THE 3608 02:46:46,996 --> 02:46:47,630 IMMUNE SYSTEM. 3609 02:46:47,697 --> 02:46:51,601 I'D LIKE TO DESCRIBE THE 3610 02:46:51,668 --> 02:46:53,303 ABUNDANT EVIDENCE OF IMMUNE 3611 02:46:53,370 --> 02:46:56,506 FUNCTION IN ME/CFS AND THERE'S 3612 02:46:56,573 --> 02:46:58,575 LARGE LITERATURE ABOUT THE 3613 02:46:58,641 --> 02:46:59,409 IMMUNE SYSTEM IN ME/CFS. 3614 02:46:59,476 --> 02:47:01,311 THE QUESTIONS THE COMMITTEE CAME 3615 02:47:01,378 --> 02:47:03,513 UP WITH IS AUTO IMMUNITY A KEY 3616 02:47:03,580 --> 02:47:05,915 FACTOR IN SOME OR ALL THE ME/CFS 3617 02:47:05,982 --> 02:47:06,316 CASES? 3618 02:47:06,383 --> 02:47:11,287 IS A PERSISTENT ANTIGEN CAUSING 3619 02:47:11,354 --> 02:47:12,555 IMMUNE CELL EXHAUSTION? 3620 02:47:12,622 --> 02:47:19,629 THE EXISTENCE OF A PERSISTENT 3621 02:47:19,696 --> 02:47:21,698 ANTIGEN WAS HYPOTHESIZED BY 3622 02:47:21,765 --> 02:47:23,833 THOSE IN THE INTERIM STUDY AND 3623 02:47:23,900 --> 02:47:26,503 WE AND OTHERS HAVE EVIDENCE FOR 3624 02:47:26,569 --> 02:47:27,704 IMMUNE CELL EXHAUSTION AS WELL. 3625 02:47:27,771 --> 02:47:29,239 THAT CAN BE CAUSED BY CHRONIC 3626 02:47:29,305 --> 02:47:29,606 VIRAL INFECTION. 3627 02:47:29,672 --> 02:47:33,943 WHICH SIGNALLING PATHWAYS ARE 3628 02:47:34,010 --> 02:47:35,145 DISRUPTED IN IMMUNE SYSTEM AND 3629 02:47:35,211 --> 02:47:39,115 WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LESS STUDIED 3630 02:47:39,182 --> 02:47:41,117 IMMUNE CELL TYPE SUCH AS GRANULE 3631 02:47:41,184 --> 02:47:42,852 SITES OR PLATELETS? 3632 02:47:42,919 --> 02:47:45,855 MOST HAVE BEEN STUDYING PLASMA, 3633 02:47:45,922 --> 02:47:48,491 SERUM, PBMCs AND THE OTHER TYPES 3634 02:47:48,558 --> 02:47:52,796 OF IMMUNE CELLS HAVE NOT HAD 3635 02:47:52,862 --> 02:47:53,396 ADEQUATE STUDY. 3636 02:47:53,463 --> 02:47:55,865 WE ALSO DON'T KNOW IF IMMUNE 3637 02:47:55,932 --> 02:47:58,034 CELLS FUNCTION ABNORMALLY IN THE 3638 02:47:58,101 --> 02:47:59,969 BLOOD BUT ARE THEY ABNORMAL IN 3639 02:48:00,036 --> 02:48:02,939 THE TISSUES AND ORGANS? 3640 02:48:03,006 --> 02:48:03,740 WHERE IN FACT IS THE 3641 02:48:03,807 --> 02:48:05,308 INFLAMMATION OCCURRING IN THE 3642 02:48:05,375 --> 02:48:06,743 BODY THAT COULD BE RESULTING IN 3643 02:48:06,810 --> 02:48:11,080 THE SYSTEMS AND WHO IS THE 3644 02:48:11,147 --> 02:48:13,750 NATURE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME 3645 02:48:13,817 --> 02:48:15,852 INTERPLAY AND WE HAVE EVIDENCE 3646 02:48:15,919 --> 02:48:18,388 THE GUT MICROBIOME IS DISTURBED 3647 02:48:18,455 --> 02:48:20,890 IN ME/CFS BUT DON'T KNOW IF IT'S 3648 02:48:20,957 --> 02:48:24,060 MERELY 3649 02:48:24,127 --> 02:48:27,464 SO WITH REGARD TO THE NERVOUS 3650 02:48:27,530 --> 02:48:29,132 SYSTEM, AMONG THOSE IOM 3651 02:48:29,199 --> 02:48:31,167 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ME/CFS 3652 02:48:31,234 --> 02:48:34,471 THAT CINDY MENTIONED ARE 3653 02:48:34,537 --> 02:48:36,639 UNREFRESHING SLEEP, COGNITIVE 3654 02:48:36,706 --> 02:48:38,174 IMPAIRMENT, AND ORTHO STATIC 3655 02:48:38,241 --> 02:48:40,410 INTOLERANCE, CONNECTED TO THE 3656 02:48:40,477 --> 02:48:41,578 NERVOUS SYSTEM. 3657 02:48:41,644 --> 02:48:43,746 THERE IS EVIDENCE FOR 3658 02:48:43,813 --> 02:48:44,848 NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE 3659 02:48:44,914 --> 02:48:50,520 DISEASE, AS WELL AS REDUCED 3660 02:48:50,587 --> 02:48:52,422 CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, SMALL FIBER 3661 02:48:52,489 --> 02:48:53,289 NEUROPATHY HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED 3662 02:48:53,356 --> 02:48:55,492 IN A SMALL NUMBER OF CASES, A 3663 02:48:55,558 --> 02:48:56,960 SNAPSHOT OF WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE 3664 02:48:57,026 --> 02:48:59,028 ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 3665 02:48:59,095 --> 02:49:00,196 WHAT THE COMMITTEE FOUND NEEDS 3666 02:49:00,263 --> 02:49:02,966 TO BE DONE IN THE FUTURE IS TO 3667 02:49:03,032 --> 02:49:05,835 IMPROVE THE TOOLS FOR ACCESSING 3668 02:49:05,902 --> 02:49:07,871 COGNITION IN ME/CFS, IT'S ONE OF 3669 02:49:07,937 --> 02:49:09,873 THE MAJOR COMPLAINTS OF 3670 02:49:09,939 --> 02:49:11,174 INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS, THAT 3671 02:49:11,241 --> 02:49:12,375 THEIR BRAIN DOESN'T SEEM TO BE 3672 02:49:12,442 --> 02:49:13,343 WORKING, THEY CAN'T THINK AS 3673 02:49:13,409 --> 02:49:16,713 WELL AS THEY COULD BEFORE THEY 3674 02:49:16,779 --> 02:49:18,047 BECAME ILL. 3675 02:49:18,114 --> 02:49:20,116 IT WAS DECIDED BY THE COMMITTEE 3676 02:49:20,183 --> 02:49:21,184 TO RECOMMEND THE INVESTIGATION 3677 02:49:21,251 --> 02:49:24,254 OF THE ROLE OF CIRCULATORY 3678 02:49:24,320 --> 02:49:26,723 DYSFUNCTION IN NEURAL SYMPTOMS, 3679 02:49:26,789 --> 02:49:27,857 AND TO EXAMINE CEREBROSPINAL 3680 02:49:27,924 --> 02:49:29,392 FLUID FROM INFLAMMATORY AND 3681 02:49:29,459 --> 02:49:30,727 OTHER ABNORMALITIES, BECAUSE OF 3682 02:49:30,793 --> 02:49:34,130 THE GREATER DIFFICULTY OF 3683 02:49:34,197 --> 02:49:35,765 ACQUIRING CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 3684 02:49:35,832 --> 02:49:36,533 IT'S NOT BEEN EXAMINED AS MUCH 3685 02:49:36,599 --> 02:49:39,602 AS SHOULD BE, IT'S EASIER TO GET 3686 02:49:39,669 --> 02:49:40,603 BLOOD, SALIVA AND URINE, BUT IT 3687 02:49:40,670 --> 02:49:43,206 WAS RECOMMENDED WE NEED TO BE 3688 02:49:43,273 --> 02:49:44,641 EXAMINING CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. 3689 02:49:44,707 --> 02:49:48,578 IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE 3690 02:49:48,645 --> 02:49:49,712 WHAT DRIVES ORTHOSTATIC 3691 02:49:49,779 --> 02:49:50,747 INTOLERANCE, A QUITE DISABLING 3692 02:49:50,813 --> 02:49:52,749 SYMPTOM THAT RESULTS IN SOME 3693 02:49:52,815 --> 02:49:55,351 PEOPLE HAVING TO BE PRONE ALMOST 3694 02:49:55,418 --> 02:49:57,086 THE ENTIRE DAY BECAUSE THEY ARE 3695 02:49:57,153 --> 02:50:00,823 UNABLE TO REMAIN IN AN UPRIGHT 3696 02:50:00,890 --> 02:50:01,791 POSITION. 3697 02:50:01,858 --> 02:50:04,661 IT WAS ALSO RECOMMENDED TO USE 3698 02:50:04,727 --> 02:50:06,629 THE LATEST NEUROIMAGING 3699 02:50:06,696 --> 02:50:09,032 TECHNOLOGY TO UNCOVER BE ON 3700 02:50:09,098 --> 02:50:11,968 NORMALITIES AS WELL AS EFFECT OF 3701 02:50:12,035 --> 02:50:12,669 TREATMENT TRIALS. 3702 02:50:12,735 --> 02:50:14,737 I'M SHOWING A FIGURE FROM THE 3703 02:50:14,804 --> 02:50:17,507 NIH CONFERENCE HELD IN DECEMBER 3704 02:50:17,574 --> 02:50:18,775 2023, PRESENTED BY JARRED 3705 02:50:18,841 --> 02:50:22,145 YOUNGER, WHO USED MRS TO SHOW 3706 02:50:22,211 --> 02:50:23,580 THAT THERE'S INCREASED LACTATE 3707 02:50:23,646 --> 02:50:25,448 IN THIS ME/CFS BRAIN SHOWN HERE, 3708 02:50:25,515 --> 02:50:28,084 THAT'S A FINDING THAT'S BEEN 3709 02:50:28,151 --> 02:50:29,586 REPRODUCED IN OTHER 3710 02:50:29,652 --> 02:50:31,154 LABORATORIES. 3711 02:50:31,220 --> 02:50:33,856 BUT THERE'S ALSO SOME VERY OTHER 3712 02:50:33,923 --> 02:50:35,425 INTERESTING INFORMATION ON 3713 02:50:35,491 --> 02:50:36,593 NEUROIMAGING FROM THAT 3714 02:50:36,659 --> 02:50:36,926 CONFERENCE. 3715 02:50:36,993 --> 02:50:38,361 FINALLY, WITH REGARD TO NERVOUS 3716 02:50:38,428 --> 02:50:42,865 SYSTEM I WANT TO END WITH THE 3717 02:50:42,932 --> 02:50:45,335 ISSUE OF UNREFRESHING SLEEP, AND 3718 02:50:45,401 --> 02:50:49,739 THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDED 3719 02:50:49,806 --> 02:50:50,840 DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKERS AND 3720 02:50:50,907 --> 02:50:52,241 UNDERSTAND CAUSES OF SLEEP PHASE 3721 02:50:52,308 --> 02:50:53,343 REVERSALS IN THE DISEASE. 3722 02:50:53,409 --> 02:50:58,715 A LOT OF PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE 3723 02:50:58,781 --> 02:50:59,415 THERE'S CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 3724 02:50:59,482 --> 02:51:00,650 DISTURBANCE AND IT'S SOMETHING 3725 02:51:00,717 --> 02:51:01,884 IMPORTANT TO INVESTIGATE. 3726 02:51:01,951 --> 02:51:11,094 NOW, WITH REGARD TO THE FIVE 3727 02:51:11,160 --> 02:51:12,962 ADDITIONAL WEBINAR TOPICS, I 3728 02:51:13,029 --> 02:51:15,264 CAN'T GO INTO DETAIL. 3729 02:51:15,331 --> 02:51:17,100 SYSTEMS INTERACT, WE'RE DIVIDING 3730 02:51:17,166 --> 02:51:19,636 THEM INTO EIGHT TOPICS 3731 02:51:19,702 --> 02:51:20,136 ARBITRARILY. 3732 02:51:20,203 --> 02:51:21,371 NERVOUS SYSTEM IS INVOLVED, AND 3733 02:51:21,437 --> 02:51:22,772 MANY OTHERS. 3734 02:51:22,839 --> 02:51:24,641 I'LL GO THROUGH FIVE AND GIVE A 3735 02:51:24,707 --> 02:51:26,275 BRIEF MENTION OF WHAT YOU CAN 3736 02:51:26,342 --> 02:51:29,145 FIND IF YOU READ THE REPORT OF 3737 02:51:29,212 --> 02:51:31,214 EACH OF THESE FIVE WEBINARS, AS 3738 02:51:31,280 --> 02:51:33,716 FAR AS WHAT ARE CONSIDERED 3739 02:51:33,783 --> 02:51:34,851 RESEARCH PRIORITIES, WHAT WE 3740 02:51:34,917 --> 02:51:36,686 KNOW NOW AND WHAT WE NEED TO 3741 02:51:36,753 --> 02:51:37,353 KNOW. 3742 02:51:37,420 --> 02:51:41,424 WITH REGARD TO CIRCULATION, 3743 02:51:41,491 --> 02:51:44,861 THERE'S EVIDENCE FOR 3744 02:51:44,927 --> 02:51:45,662 ENDOTHELIITIS, INAPPROPRIATE 3745 02:51:45,728 --> 02:51:48,931 VASOCONSTRICTION AND PLATE LIT 3746 02:51:48,998 --> 02:51:51,234 HYPERACTIVATION AND MICRO CLOTS 3747 02:51:51,300 --> 02:51:53,302 BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN. 3748 02:51:53,369 --> 02:51:55,038 LOW BLOOD VOLUME EXISTS IN A 3749 02:51:55,104 --> 02:51:58,474 NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WITH 3750 02:51:58,541 --> 02:52:01,844 ME/CFS, ESPECIALLY WOMEN. 3751 02:52:01,911 --> 02:52:04,981 ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE AND LOW 3752 02:52:05,048 --> 02:52:08,985 CEREBRAL FLOOD BLOW HAS BEEN 3753 02:52:09,052 --> 02:52:11,921 OBSERVED AND IMPAIRED OXYGEN 3754 02:52:11,988 --> 02:52:13,823 SENSITIVITY OF RED BLOOD CELLS 3755 02:52:13,890 --> 02:52:20,029 AND NEUROVAST VASCULAR 3756 02:52:20,096 --> 02:52:24,500 DYSREGULATION ARE EXERCISE. 3757 02:52:24,567 --> 02:52:26,069 THIS METABOLISM/IMMUNOLOGY 3758 02:52:26,135 --> 02:52:35,044 INTERPLAY CAN BE DISRUPTIVE. 3759 02:52:35,111 --> 02:52:37,680 PROMISE OF SINGLE CELL RAMAN 3760 02:52:37,747 --> 02:52:39,515 TECHNOLOGY WAS HIGHLIGHTED. 3761 02:52:39,582 --> 02:52:42,819 COMPLEXITY OF METABOLOMICS WAS 3762 02:52:42,885 --> 02:52:44,387 POINTED OUT, LESS WELL DEVELOPED 3763 02:52:44,454 --> 02:52:46,756 AS SOME OTHER OMICS SUCH AS 3764 02:52:46,823 --> 02:52:47,824 PROTEOMICS OR GENE EXPRESSION 3765 02:52:47,890 --> 02:52:48,291 ANALYSIS. 3766 02:52:48,357 --> 02:52:51,761 AND IT WAS RECOMMENDED THAT A.I. 3767 02:52:51,828 --> 02:52:53,496 AND MACHINE LEARNING COULD BE 3768 02:52:53,563 --> 02:52:55,431 BROUGHT TO BEAR ON METABOLOMICS 3769 02:52:55,498 --> 02:53:01,504 IN ME/CFS. 3770 02:53:01,571 --> 02:53:04,040 ALTERED GUT MICROBIOTA CAN 3771 02:53:04,107 --> 02:53:05,908 AFFECT METABOLISM, THE ROLE 3772 02:53:05,975 --> 02:53:07,577 WORTH INVESTIGATING. 3773 02:53:07,643 --> 02:53:09,212 FINALLY REGARDING METABOLIC 3774 02:53:09,278 --> 02:53:10,046 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOFLUIDS IT 3775 02:53:10,113 --> 02:53:12,115 WAS POINTED OUT YOU NEED TO HAVE 3776 02:53:12,181 --> 02:53:13,449 PROPER CONTROL GROUPS, THIS IS 3777 02:53:13,516 --> 02:53:15,651 TRUE NOT ONLY FOR METABOLISM BUT 3778 02:53:15,718 --> 02:53:17,620 FOR EVERYTHING, AND IT WOULD BE 3779 02:53:17,687 --> 02:53:20,690 BETTER TO USE HEALTHY SEDENTARY 3780 02:53:20,757 --> 02:53:22,091 INDIVIDUALS THAN COMPARING A 3781 02:53:22,158 --> 02:53:23,426 PATIENT WHO IS LARGELY HOUSE 3782 02:53:23,493 --> 02:53:25,928 BOUND TO SOMEONE WHO IS OUT 3783 02:53:25,995 --> 02:53:27,230 THERE EXERCISING DAILY. 3784 02:53:27,296 --> 02:53:30,833 THERE CAN ALSO BE DIETARY 3785 02:53:30,900 --> 02:53:32,068 INFLUENCES AND LONGITUDINAL 3786 02:53:32,135 --> 02:53:32,702 STUDIES ARE IMPORTANT STUDYING 3787 02:53:32,769 --> 02:53:35,872 THE SAME PERSON OVER TIME 3788 02:53:35,938 --> 02:53:37,106 ESPECIALLY. 3789 02:53:37,173 --> 02:53:38,407 WITH REGARD TO PHYSIOLOGY, IT 3790 02:53:38,474 --> 02:53:39,609 WAS DISCUSSED THAT IT'S 3791 02:53:39,675 --> 02:53:42,111 IMPORTANT TO DO PET IMAGING FOR 3792 02:53:42,178 --> 02:53:42,879 WHOLE BODY IMMUNE RESPONSES, AND 3793 02:53:42,945 --> 02:53:46,716 IF YOU LOOK AT THAT VIDEOCAST 3794 02:53:46,783 --> 02:53:49,018 FROM THE NIH DECEMBER 2023, 3795 02:53:49,085 --> 02:53:50,553 YOU'LL SEE VERY INTERESTING 3796 02:53:50,620 --> 02:53:51,621 PRESENTATION BY MICHELLE JAMES 3797 02:53:51,687 --> 02:53:56,559 ON PET IMAGING OF THE WHOLE 3798 02:53:56,626 --> 02:53:56,759 BODY. 3799 02:53:56,826 --> 02:53:58,327 THE CELL DANGER RESPONSE WAS 3800 02:53:58,394 --> 02:53:59,328 ALSO PRESENTED. 3801 02:53:59,395 --> 02:54:01,531 THIS IS A HYPOTHESIS, THE 3802 02:54:01,597 --> 02:54:04,133 SIGNALING OF INJURY OR INFECTION 3803 02:54:04,200 --> 02:54:06,302 IN THE CELLS THEN RESULTS IN 3804 02:54:06,369 --> 02:54:07,703 SUPPRESSION OF METABOLISM, THAT 3805 02:54:07,770 --> 02:54:18,214 COULD BE CAUSE OF FATIGUE. 3806 02:54:18,447 --> 02:54:21,150 IMPAIRED ENERGY PRODUCTION CAN 3807 02:54:21,217 --> 02:54:22,151 OCCUR THROUGH DISTURBANCE OF TCA 3808 02:54:22,218 --> 02:54:23,820 CYCLE IN MITOCHONDRIA. 3809 02:54:23,886 --> 02:54:24,453 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN CRITICALLY 3810 02:54:24,520 --> 02:54:27,623 ILL PEOPLE IN THE ICU AND ME/CFS 3811 02:54:27,690 --> 02:54:31,794 WERE POINTED OUT. 3812 02:54:31,861 --> 02:54:32,261 NON-REFRESHING SLEEP, 3813 02:54:32,328 --> 02:54:32,995 HIGHLIGHTED THAT IT'S IMPORTANT 3814 02:54:33,062 --> 02:54:35,765 TO KNOW ABOUT THE MOVEMENT OF 3815 02:54:35,832 --> 02:54:37,433 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DURING SLEEP 3816 02:54:37,500 --> 02:54:41,170 AND AS WELL AS GLYMPHATIC FLOW, 3817 02:54:41,237 --> 02:54:43,005 DISTURBANCES COULD BE RESULTING 3818 02:54:43,072 --> 02:54:44,640 IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AS WELL 3819 02:54:44,707 --> 02:54:46,509 AS OTHER SYMPTOMS. 3820 02:54:46,576 --> 02:54:50,346 THE ENZYME BH4 AND NITRIC OXIDE 3821 02:54:50,413 --> 02:54:53,549 SIGNALING IS OF INTEREST BECAUSE 3822 02:54:53,616 --> 02:54:57,320 DISTURBANCE IN NITRIC OXIDE 3823 02:54:57,386 --> 02:54:59,622 COULD EXPLAIN SOME ABNORMAL 3824 02:54:59,689 --> 02:55:01,157 SYMPTOMS SUCH AS 3825 02:55:01,224 --> 02:55:02,458 VASOCONSTRICTION OR 3826 02:55:02,525 --> 02:55:02,925 VASODILATION. 3827 02:55:02,992 --> 02:55:06,195 AND THEN SIGNALING BY 3828 02:55:06,262 --> 02:55:07,296 CIRCULATING EXTRACELLULAR 3829 02:55:07,363 --> 02:55:09,832 VESICLES IS ANOTHER TOPIC WORTH 3830 02:55:09,899 --> 02:55:10,800 INVESTIGATING FURTHER. 3831 02:55:10,867 --> 02:55:13,870 WITH REGARD TO LESS STUDIED 3832 02:55:13,936 --> 02:55:14,770 PATHOLOGIES, CONNECTIVE TISSUE 3833 02:55:14,837 --> 02:55:16,038 DISORDERS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE 3834 02:55:16,105 --> 02:55:17,573 ILLNESS BECAUSE THAT'S SOMETHING 3835 02:55:17,640 --> 02:55:21,410 THAT'S A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR 3836 02:55:21,477 --> 02:55:21,644 ME/CFS. 3837 02:55:21,711 --> 02:55:23,279 AND THERE ARE SPINAL AND 3838 02:55:23,346 --> 02:55:25,781 MECHANICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS 3839 02:55:25,848 --> 02:55:27,416 CRANIAL CERVICAL INSTABILITY AND 3840 02:55:27,483 --> 02:55:31,787 TETHER THE CORD, SOME SEEM TO 3841 02:55:31,854 --> 02:55:34,423 ARRIVE AFTER A VIRAL ONSET OF 3842 02:55:34,490 --> 02:55:35,291 THE ILLNESS. 3843 02:55:35,358 --> 02:55:36,959 AND HOW THAT CAN HAPPEN IS 3844 02:55:37,026 --> 02:55:39,228 SOMETHING WE DON'T UNDERSTAND. 3845 02:55:39,295 --> 02:55:40,162 AND THESE ARE LESS DIAGNOSED 3846 02:55:40,229 --> 02:55:43,065 PROBABLY THAN THEY SHOULD BE. 3847 02:55:43,132 --> 02:55:43,833 MAST CELL ACTIVATION DISORDERS 3848 02:55:43,900 --> 02:55:51,173 ARE SEEN IN A SUBSET OF 3849 02:55:51,240 --> 02:55:56,746 PATIENTS, MANY PATIENTS COMPLAIN 3850 02:55:56,812 --> 02:55:57,747 GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS, AND 3851 02:55:57,813 --> 02:55:58,381 NEUROENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTION 3852 02:55:58,447 --> 02:55:59,548 ESPECIALLY PAYING ATTENTION TO 3853 02:55:59,615 --> 02:56:01,350 SEX DIFFERENCES GIVEN THIS IS A 3854 02:56:01,417 --> 02:56:02,685 FEMALE PREDOMINANT DISEASE AS 3855 02:56:02,752 --> 02:56:04,420 WELL AS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 3856 02:56:04,487 --> 02:56:05,955 CONDITIONS COULD BE STUDIED 3857 02:56:06,022 --> 02:56:07,056 FURTHER. 3858 02:56:07,123 --> 02:56:10,026 WITH REGARD TO GENOMICS AND 3859 02:56:10,092 --> 02:56:11,661 GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY THERE'S 3860 02:56:11,727 --> 02:56:13,529 NO SINGLE GENE CAUSING ME/CFS, 3861 02:56:13,596 --> 02:56:15,364 IT'S NOT A GENETIC DISEASE IN 3862 02:56:15,431 --> 02:56:15,932 THAT WAY. 3863 02:56:15,998 --> 02:56:17,667 BUT THERE ARE SMALL INDIVIDUAL 3864 02:56:17,733 --> 02:56:20,069 EFFECTS OF GENETIC FACTORS THAT 3865 02:56:20,136 --> 02:56:23,572 HAVE BEEN SEEN IN ME/CFS. 3866 02:56:23,639 --> 02:56:25,574 THERE ARE SOME GENOME-WIDE 3867 02:56:25,641 --> 02:56:27,510 ASSOCIATION STUDIES, MOST OF 3868 02:56:27,576 --> 02:56:29,378 WHICH RESULTS ARE NOT PUBLISHED. 3869 02:56:29,445 --> 02:56:31,781 THERE'S BEEN MINING OF U.K. 3870 02:56:31,847 --> 02:56:34,317 BIOBANK DATA, AND THERE'S 3871 02:56:34,383 --> 02:56:36,385 CURRENTLY A LARGE GWAS GOING ON 3872 02:56:36,452 --> 02:56:47,096 IN THE U.K. CALLED DECODE M.E. 3873 02:56:47,163 --> 02:56:49,966 TO PROVIDE IMPORTANT INFORMATION 3874 02:56:50,032 --> 02:56:51,167 ABOUT GENETIC STABILITY. 3875 02:56:51,233 --> 02:56:52,702 THERE HAVE BEEN FAMILY STUDIES 3876 02:56:52,768 --> 02:56:55,938 IN CASE REPORTS, FAIRLY MINIMAL, 3877 02:56:56,005 --> 02:56:57,873 ALSO RECOMMENDED TO EXPAND, AS 3878 02:56:57,940 --> 02:57:00,443 WELL AS FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF 3879 02:57:00,509 --> 02:57:00,776 EPIGENETICS. 3880 02:57:00,843 --> 02:57:05,047 SO I WANT TO NOW GO THROUGH THE 3881 02:57:05,114 --> 02:57:06,382 OVERARCHING PRIORITIES THAT WERE 3882 02:57:06,449 --> 02:57:09,318 RECOMMENDED BY THE COMMITTEE. 3883 02:57:09,385 --> 02:57:13,589 THESE ARE ALL -- FROM ALL EIGHT 3884 02:57:13,656 --> 02:57:16,659 WOMEN, THIS IS AN AMALGAMATION 3885 02:57:16,726 --> 02:57:18,627 OF ALL THOSE PRIORITIES THAT 3886 02:57:18,694 --> 02:57:20,863 CROSS-CUT ALL THE DIFFERENT 3887 02:57:20,930 --> 02:57:21,163 TOPICS. 3888 02:57:21,230 --> 02:57:24,033 ONE OF THEM THERE SHOULD BE 3889 02:57:24,100 --> 02:57:24,767 COLLABORATION BETWEEN 3890 02:57:24,834 --> 02:57:25,835 RESEARCHERS, CLINICIANS, AND 3891 02:57:25,901 --> 02:57:30,272 PEOPLE WITH ME/CFS AS WELL AS 3892 02:57:30,339 --> 02:57:31,474 THEIR ADVOCATES INVOLVING 3893 02:57:31,540 --> 02:57:32,008 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SEARCH 3894 02:57:32,074 --> 02:57:33,676 COOPERATION AND DATA SHARING. 3895 02:57:33,743 --> 02:57:35,978 AND TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF 3896 02:57:36,045 --> 02:57:36,912 N-of-1 ANECDOTAL REPORTS I 3897 02:57:36,979 --> 02:57:38,280 KNOW OF AT LEAST ONE TREATMENT 3898 02:57:38,347 --> 02:57:42,118 THAT WORKS ON A SUBSET OF 3899 02:57:42,184 --> 02:57:43,753 INDIVIDUALS THAT WAS ACTUALLY 3900 02:57:43,819 --> 02:57:46,622 RESULTING FROM A PATIENT TELLING 3901 02:57:46,689 --> 02:57:48,357 HER DOCTOR THAT IT WAS -- A 3902 02:57:48,424 --> 02:57:50,559 TREATMENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE WAS 3903 02:57:50,626 --> 02:57:53,262 HELPING HER ME/CFS CONDITION. 3904 02:57:53,329 --> 02:57:56,265 SO, IT WAS ALSO POINTED OUT WE 3905 02:57:56,332 --> 02:57:58,768 NEED AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO 3906 02:57:58,834 --> 02:58:00,936 DEVELOP DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS, 3907 02:58:01,003 --> 02:58:01,604 THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND 3908 02:58:01,670 --> 02:58:02,471 PERSONALIZED TREATMENTS. 3909 02:58:02,538 --> 02:58:05,574 AND THAT THERE'S REALLY AN 3910 02:58:05,641 --> 02:58:07,643 URGENCY TO THIS BECAUSE 3911 02:58:07,710 --> 02:58:09,779 INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS WHO 3912 02:58:09,845 --> 02:58:14,850 BECAME ILL IN THE 198 0s 3913 02:58:14,917 --> 02:58:19,455 OUTBREAK WILL HAVEN SICK MOST OF 3914 02:58:19,522 --> 02:58:20,222 THEIR LIVES. 3915 02:58:20,289 --> 02:58:21,657 SOMETHING DEEMED IMPORTANT, I 3916 02:58:21,724 --> 02:58:23,959 AGREE WITH THIS, EXPANSION OF 3917 02:58:24,026 --> 02:58:26,162 BIOBANKS IS ESSENTIAL TO 3918 02:58:26,228 --> 02:58:27,296 FACILITATE STUDIES BY 3919 02:58:27,363 --> 02:58:29,465 INVESTIGATORS NEW TO ME/CFS. 3920 02:58:29,532 --> 02:58:30,833 WHEN I FIRST STARTED WORKING ON 3921 02:58:30,900 --> 02:58:32,835 THE ILLNESS THIS WAS ONE OF THE 3922 02:58:32,902 --> 02:58:35,237 MOST DAUNTING CHALLENGES THAT I 3923 02:58:35,304 --> 02:58:37,306 FACED, BECAUSE THERE WAS NO, AT 3924 02:58:37,373 --> 02:58:39,842 THAT TIME, ANY BIOBANK I COULD 3925 02:58:39,909 --> 02:58:41,677 CONSULT AND OBTAIN SAMPLES FROM. 3926 02:58:41,744 --> 02:58:44,747 SO I HAD TO MAKE AN ARRANGEMENT 3927 02:58:44,814 --> 02:58:49,552 WITH AN ME/CFS EXPERT PHYSICIAN 3928 02:58:49,618 --> 02:58:50,953 SUCH AS CINDY BATEMAN, AND IT IS 3929 02:58:51,020 --> 02:58:54,056 AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THESE 3930 02:58:54,123 --> 02:58:55,157 EXPERT PHYSICIANS AND THAT'S 3931 02:58:55,224 --> 02:58:56,325 WHAT MOST PEOPLE HAVE TO DO IF 3932 02:58:56,392 --> 02:58:58,761 THEY WANT TO WORK ON THE 3933 02:58:58,828 --> 02:58:59,061 ILLNESS. 3934 02:58:59,128 --> 02:59:02,031 NOW THERE'S A SMALL BIOBANK, 3935 02:59:02,098 --> 02:59:04,133 MAINTAINED BY NIH, BUT IT NEEDS 3936 02:59:04,200 --> 02:59:06,635 TO HAVE MORE SAMPLES IN IT, MORE 3937 02:59:06,702 --> 02:59:08,704 DIVERSE TYPES OF SAMPLES. 3938 02:59:08,771 --> 02:59:11,774 SO, MOST SAMPLES AND MOST 3939 02:59:11,841 --> 02:59:15,277 BIOBANKS ARE PLASMA, SERUM, AND 3940 02:59:15,344 --> 02:59:16,112 PBMCs. 3941 02:59:16,178 --> 02:59:17,680 WE ALSO NEED CEREBROSPINAL 3942 02:59:17,746 --> 02:59:20,116 FLUID, TISSUE AND ORGAN SAMPLES, 3943 02:59:20,182 --> 02:59:23,819 NOT JUST BLOOD DERIVATIVES IN 3944 02:59:23,886 --> 02:59:25,688 BIOBANKS, THE NUMBER ONE ISSUE 3945 02:59:25,754 --> 02:59:26,989 PREVENTING INVESTIGATORS AS WELL 3946 02:59:27,056 --> 02:59:28,124 AS FUNDING OF COURSE FROM 3947 02:59:28,190 --> 02:59:30,726 STARTING TO WORK ON THE ILLNESS. 3948 02:59:30,793 --> 02:59:33,662 WE ALSO NEED TO HAVE 3949 02:59:33,729 --> 02:59:35,331 INDIVIDUAL-CENTERED CARE, AND WE 3950 02:59:35,397 --> 02:59:38,067 SHOULD BE INVOLVING PEOPLE 3951 02:59:38,134 --> 02:59:39,401 AFFECTED BY ME/CFS IN THE 3952 02:59:39,468 --> 02:59:40,202 RESEARCH AND DECISIONS. 3953 02:59:40,269 --> 02:59:42,338 AND SOMETHING MANY OF THE PEOPLE 3954 02:59:42,404 --> 02:59:43,472 WITH LIVED EXPERIENCE COMMENTED 3955 02:59:43,539 --> 02:59:46,509 ON IS THEY ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT 3956 02:59:46,575 --> 02:59:47,910 MORE RISK THAN SOMEONE MIGHT 3957 02:59:47,977 --> 02:59:51,780 ACCEPT IF THEY HAD A REASONABLE 3958 02:59:51,847 --> 02:59:52,748 CONDITION. 3959 02:59:52,815 --> 02:59:54,283 SO, MANY OF THESE INDIVIDUALS 3960 02:59:54,350 --> 02:59:57,353 REALLY ARE -- HAVE BEEN SICK FOR 3961 02:59:57,419 --> 02:59:58,854 DECADES, CONFINED TO THEIR HOMES 3962 02:59:58,921 --> 03:00:00,623 OR THEIR BEDS, AND THEY SAY THAT 3963 03:00:00,689 --> 03:00:02,391 THEY ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT MORE 3964 03:00:02,458 --> 03:00:05,961 RISK IN THE HOPES OF GETTING 3965 03:00:06,028 --> 03:00:06,195 BETTER. 3966 03:00:06,262 --> 03:00:07,496 THE HETEROGENEITY ALSO MEANS 3967 03:00:07,563 --> 03:00:13,569 TREATMENTS MUST BE TAILORED TO 3968 03:00:13,636 --> 03:00:13,836 SUBGROUPS. 3969 03:00:13,903 --> 03:00:14,970 ANOTHER RECOMMENDATION WAS TO 3970 03:00:15,037 --> 03:00:18,240 HAVE RIGOROUS RESEARCH IT HAS TO 3971 03:00:18,307 --> 03:00:19,909 HAVE ADEQUATE COHORT SIZES, MANY 3972 03:00:19,975 --> 03:00:21,577 STUDIES DON'T HAVE ADEQUATE 3973 03:00:21,644 --> 03:00:23,946 COHORT SIZES BECAUSE OF FUNDING 3974 03:00:24,013 --> 03:00:24,713 LIMITATIONS. 3975 03:00:24,780 --> 03:00:27,917 AND ALSO THE IMPORTANCE OF 3976 03:00:27,983 --> 03:00:28,751 REPRESENTED DEMOGRAPHICS. 3977 03:00:28,817 --> 03:00:31,220 I MENTIONED BEFORE THERE'S 3978 03:00:31,287 --> 03:00:32,888 FEMALE PREDOMINANCE BUT THERE'S 3979 03:00:32,955 --> 03:00:34,089 ALSO STAGE OF ILLNESS, MOST 3980 03:00:34,156 --> 03:00:35,191 INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN SICK 3981 03:00:35,257 --> 03:00:39,562 FOR FIVE YEARS WILL NOT RECOVER, 3982 03:00:39,628 --> 03:00:40,863 MOST OF THE PEOPLE SICK LESS 3983 03:00:40,930 --> 03:00:42,164 THAN FIVE YEARS WILL ALSO NOT 3984 03:00:42,231 --> 03:00:43,899 RECOVER BUT IF THERE IS ANY 3985 03:00:43,966 --> 03:00:45,801 RECOVERY USUALLY IT'S IN THE 3986 03:00:45,868 --> 03:00:48,270 FIRST FIVE YEARS. 3987 03:00:48,337 --> 03:00:49,772 SO, SEX-SPECIFIC DATA ANALYSIS 3988 03:00:49,838 --> 03:00:50,940 IS ESSENTIAL. 3989 03:00:51,006 --> 03:00:52,508 THERE'S FEMALE PREDOMINANCE BUT 3990 03:00:52,575 --> 03:00:53,542 THERE'S ALSO ALREADY EXISTING 3991 03:00:53,609 --> 03:00:56,478 KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENCES AT THE 3992 03:00:56,545 --> 03:00:58,247 MOLECULAR LEVEL BETWEEN 3993 03:00:58,314 --> 03:01:00,316 BIOLOGICAL FEMALES AND MALES. 3994 03:01:00,382 --> 03:01:02,551 THE SUBTYPES OF ME/CFS MUST BE 3995 03:01:02,618 --> 03:01:03,285 CONSIDERED WHEN ANALYZING DATA. 3996 03:01:03,352 --> 03:01:06,121 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF EXAMPLES, 3997 03:01:06,188 --> 03:01:07,623 WELL NOT A LOT BECAUSE THERE 3998 03:01:07,690 --> 03:01:09,825 AREN'T A LOT OF CLINICAL TRIALS 3999 03:01:09,892 --> 03:01:10,593 YET, BUT THERE HAVE BEEN 4000 03:01:10,659 --> 03:01:12,127 CLINICAL TRIALS IN WHICH 4001 03:01:12,194 --> 03:01:13,662 PERHAPS, 10 OR 20% OF PEOPLE 4002 03:01:13,729 --> 03:01:15,097 SEEM TO BE GETTING BETTER AS A 4003 03:01:15,164 --> 03:01:17,499 RESULT OF THE TREATMENT, AND YET 4004 03:01:17,566 --> 03:01:20,002 THIS WAS IGNORED BECAUSE OVERALL 4005 03:01:20,069 --> 03:01:21,203 THERE WASN'T STATISTICAL 4006 03:01:21,270 --> 03:01:21,503 DIFFERENCES. 4007 03:01:21,570 --> 03:01:23,739 BUT IF YOU CONSIDER SUBTYPES FOR 4008 03:01:23,806 --> 03:01:26,609 THOSE 10 TO 20% OF THE 4009 03:01:26,675 --> 03:01:28,244 INDIVIDUALS, SOME OF THEM 4010 03:01:28,310 --> 03:01:29,445 GENUINELY IMPROVED AND THOSE 4011 03:01:29,511 --> 03:01:32,615 TREATMENTS SHOULD NOT BE 4012 03:01:32,681 --> 03:01:34,250 DISCARDED BECAUSE THEY ARE ONLY 4013 03:01:34,316 --> 03:01:37,987 HELPING A SUBTYPE. 4014 03:01:38,053 --> 03:01:39,088 IT WOULD BE IMPORTANT TO TAKE 4015 03:01:39,154 --> 03:01:40,189 ADVANTAGE OF MACHINE LEARNING 4016 03:01:40,256 --> 03:01:42,725 AND A.I. METHODS, AND IT'S 4017 03:01:42,791 --> 03:01:45,327 IMPORTANT TO EDUCATE HEALTHCARE 4018 03:01:45,394 --> 03:01:45,628 PROVIDERS. 4019 03:01:45,694 --> 03:01:48,063 MANY HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS KNOW 4020 03:01:48,130 --> 03:01:53,736 NOTHING ABOUT ME/CFS, THERE'S 4021 03:01:53,802 --> 03:01:56,505 NO BLOOD OR URINE TEST, FOR 4022 03:01:56,572 --> 03:01:59,441 EXAMPLE, AND IDENTIFY SOMEONE 4023 03:01:59,508 --> 03:02:01,477 THAT RESULTS IN DELAYED 4024 03:02:01,543 --> 03:02:02,177 DIAGNOSIS CINDY RECOMMENDED, 4025 03:02:02,244 --> 03:02:06,882 FIVE OR SIX YEARS IS NOT 4026 03:02:06,949 --> 03:02:11,020 UNTYPICAL, IOM REPORT THOUGHT -- 4027 03:02:11,086 --> 03:02:13,222 STATED LIKELY 85% OF PATIENTS 4028 03:02:13,289 --> 03:02:20,229 WAY NOT BE DIAGNOSED PROPERLY OR 4029 03:02:20,296 --> 03:02:21,196 AT ALL. 4030 03:02:21,263 --> 03:02:23,165 THE OTHER THOUGHT WAS THAT 4031 03:02:23,232 --> 03:02:25,734 CLINICAL TRIALS NEED TO BEGIN 4032 03:02:25,801 --> 03:02:26,035 IMMEDIATELY. 4033 03:02:26,101 --> 03:02:27,970 AND THIS BEARS ON THE EDUCATION 4034 03:02:28,037 --> 03:02:29,738 OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS TOO, 4035 03:02:29,805 --> 03:02:32,908 THAT THE EXPERT CONDITION -- 4036 03:02:32,975 --> 03:02:36,178 NUMBER OF EXPERT CLINICIANS 4037 03:02:36,245 --> 03:02:38,847 BECAME INVOLVED DURING THE 1980 4038 03:02:38,914 --> 03:02:39,715 ME/CFS OUTBREAKS, ESPECIALLY IF 4039 03:02:39,782 --> 03:02:41,417 THERE WAS ONE IN THEIR REGION. 4040 03:02:41,483 --> 03:02:42,985 THEY ARE NOW AGING OUT OF THE 4041 03:02:43,052 --> 03:02:43,986 PROFESSION. 4042 03:02:44,053 --> 03:02:44,720 THERE'S A HUGE AMOUNT OF 4043 03:02:44,787 --> 03:02:47,122 INFORMATION THAT WILL BE LOST 4044 03:02:47,189 --> 03:02:48,023 WHEN THEY RETIRE. 4045 03:02:48,090 --> 03:02:49,458 AND THERE NEEDS TO BE GUIDANCE 4046 03:02:49,525 --> 03:02:50,726 FOR THOSE WHO WILL BE 4047 03:02:50,793 --> 03:02:54,897 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MILLIONS WHO 4048 03:02:54,963 --> 03:02:58,067 HAVE ME/CFS WHO ARE STILL ILL 4049 03:02:58,133 --> 03:02:58,300 TODAY. 4050 03:02:58,367 --> 03:03:00,703 IT WAS ALSO DEEMED THERE'S 4051 03:03:00,769 --> 03:03:01,370 ADEQUATE INFORMATION TO BEGIN 4052 03:03:01,437 --> 03:03:02,905 CLINICAL TRIALS EVEN THOUGH WE 4053 03:03:02,971 --> 03:03:05,074 ALSO DO NEED MORE FUNDAMENTAL 4054 03:03:05,140 --> 03:03:05,607 RESEARCH. 4055 03:03:05,674 --> 03:03:07,376 AND IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THESE 4056 03:03:07,443 --> 03:03:11,113 CLINICAL TRIALS TO INCORPORATE 4057 03:03:11,180 --> 03:03:12,414 CORRECTLY DIAGNOSED INDIVIDUALS. 4058 03:03:12,481 --> 03:03:14,717 IT WAS RECOMMENDED TO HAVE 4059 03:03:14,783 --> 03:03:17,119 CLINICAL TRIAL NETWORKS FOR 4060 03:03:17,186 --> 03:03:19,421 ME/CFS, AND TO REPURPOSE KNOWN 4061 03:03:19,488 --> 03:03:22,057 DRUGS ACCORDING TO EXISTING 4062 03:03:22,124 --> 03:03:23,258 KNOWLEDGE USING EXISTING 4063 03:03:23,325 --> 03:03:24,259 KNOWLEDGE, ONE COULD REPURPOSE 4064 03:03:24,326 --> 03:03:27,162 DRUGS AND TEST THEM IN CLINICAL 4065 03:03:27,229 --> 03:03:27,396 TRIALS. 4066 03:03:27,463 --> 03:03:29,798 AND THE CLINICAL TRIALS CAN HAVE 4067 03:03:29,865 --> 03:03:31,667 ANOTHER BENEFIT IN THAT THEY CAN 4068 03:03:31,734 --> 03:03:35,537 ACTUALLY RESULT IN NEW 4069 03:03:35,604 --> 03:03:37,806 INFORMATION ABOUT ME/CFS BECAUSE 4070 03:03:37,873 --> 03:03:39,108 IF YOU CARE SAMPLES FROM 4071 03:03:39,174 --> 03:03:41,210 INDIVIDUALS BEFORE AND AFTER 4072 03:03:41,276 --> 03:03:43,545 TREATMENT, IT'S POSSIBLE TO 4073 03:03:43,612 --> 03:03:45,013 OBTAIN INSIGHTS INTO THE 4074 03:03:45,080 --> 03:03:46,014 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE 4075 03:03:46,081 --> 03:03:47,449 TO SEES WHAT MAKES SOMEONE 4076 03:03:47,516 --> 03:03:49,084 BETTER, WHAT MAKES SOMEONE 4077 03:03:49,151 --> 03:03:51,687 WORSE, HOW DO THEIR MOLECULAR 4078 03:03:51,754 --> 03:03:53,288 MARKERS CHANGE. 4079 03:03:53,355 --> 03:03:54,356 AND LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF THE 4080 03:03:54,423 --> 03:03:56,458 SAME INDIVIDUAL OVER TIME CAN 4081 03:03:56,525 --> 03:03:57,626 PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION IN THE 4082 03:03:57,693 --> 03:04:03,399 SINGLE TIME POINT CARE -- 4083 03:04:03,465 --> 03:04:05,167 COMPARISONS OF COHORTS PARTLY 4084 03:04:05,234 --> 03:04:07,436 BECAUSE OF FUNDING CONSTRAINTS. 4085 03:04:07,503 --> 03:04:09,204 AND THE OTHER COMMENT THAT I 4086 03:04:09,271 --> 03:04:11,373 THINK IS VERY IMPORTANT IS THAT 4087 03:04:11,440 --> 03:04:12,674 STANDARDIZED AND VALIDATED TOOLS 4088 03:04:12,741 --> 03:04:14,910 ARE AVAILABLE TO ASSIST OUTCOMES 4089 03:04:14,977 --> 03:04:16,211 OF TREATMENT TRIALS NOW. 4090 03:04:16,278 --> 03:04:17,980 I'VE HEARD IT STATED, OH, WE 4091 03:04:18,046 --> 03:04:19,381 CAN'T DO CLINICAL TRIALS BECAUSE 4092 03:04:19,448 --> 03:04:22,751 WE DON'T HAVE AN OBJECTIVE SET 4093 03:04:22,818 --> 03:04:24,953 OF MOLECULAR MARKERS THAT WE CAN 4094 03:04:25,020 --> 03:04:26,054 TELL WHETHER SOMEONE IS GETTING 4095 03:04:26,121 --> 03:04:27,055 BETTER OR NOT. 4096 03:04:27,122 --> 03:04:30,526 BUT THE FACT IS WE HAVE A LARGE 4097 03:04:30,592 --> 03:04:31,760 NUMBER OF, FOR EXAMPLE, 4098 03:04:31,827 --> 03:04:32,828 DEPRESSION DRUGS THAT WERE NOT 4099 03:04:32,895 --> 03:04:35,030 DEVELOPED BECAUSE YOU HAD 4100 03:04:35,097 --> 03:04:36,465 MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR DEPRESSION 4101 03:04:36,532 --> 03:04:38,400 BUT BECAUSE YOU ASKED THE 4102 03:04:38,467 --> 03:04:40,636 SUBJECTS ARE YOU FEELING BETTER, 4103 03:04:40,702 --> 03:04:41,937 IS YOUR DEPRESSION GONE, AND WE 4104 03:04:42,004 --> 03:04:43,806 HAVE TOOLS THAT WE CAN DO THE 4105 03:04:43,872 --> 03:04:46,208 SAME THING TO ASSESS THE 4106 03:04:46,275 --> 03:04:48,944 SYMPTOMS OF ME/CFS WHETHER 4107 03:04:49,011 --> 03:04:50,679 INDIVIDUALS ARE IMPROVING OR 4108 03:04:50,746 --> 03:04:50,846 NOT. 4109 03:04:50,913 --> 03:04:52,347 I FEEL A LOT OF IDEA THIS CAN'T 4110 03:04:52,414 --> 03:04:55,951 BE USED IS BECAUSE OF THE 4111 03:04:56,018 --> 03:04:57,820 STIGMA, INCORRECT STIGMA OF IT 4112 03:04:57,886 --> 03:04:59,555 NOT BEING A BIOLOGICAL ILLNESS. 4113 03:04:59,621 --> 03:05:01,290 IT IS A BIOLOGICAL ILLNESS AND 4114 03:05:01,356 --> 03:05:02,825 PATIENTS CAN ACCURATE REPORT IF 4115 03:05:02,891 --> 03:05:04,693 THEY ARE FEELING BETTER. 4116 03:05:04,760 --> 03:05:06,061 SO, THERE ARE PROMISING 4117 03:05:06,128 --> 03:05:06,995 OBJECTIVE MARKERS. 4118 03:05:07,062 --> 03:05:09,965 THEY CAN ALSO BE USED BUT 4119 03:05:10,032 --> 03:05:11,834 CLINICAL TRIALS NEED NOT WAIT 4120 03:05:11,900 --> 03:05:14,570 WHILE ADDITIONAL MEASURES ARE 4121 03:05:14,636 --> 03:05:14,837 DEVELOPED. 4122 03:05:14,903 --> 03:05:20,809 I'D LIKE TO TURN THIS BACK OVER 4123 03:05:20,876 --> 03:05:23,212 TO VICKY TO TALK ABOUT NEXT 4124 03:05:23,278 --> 03:05:23,645 STEPS. 4125 03:05:23,712 --> 03:05:26,648 >> THANK YOU, CINDY AND MAUREEN. 4126 03:05:26,715 --> 03:05:31,453 IN COUNCIL ACCEPTS THIS REPORT, 4127 03:05:31,520 --> 03:05:33,489 TRANS-NIH ME/CFS WORKING GROUP 4128 03:05:33,555 --> 03:05:35,924 FROM REPRESENTATIVES OF THE 21 4129 03:05:35,991 --> 03:05:37,659 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS WILL MEET 4130 03:05:37,726 --> 03:05:40,295 AND DEVELOP A PLAN TO ADDRESS 4131 03:05:40,362 --> 03:05:41,163 THE RESEARCH PRIORITIES 4132 03:05:41,230 --> 03:05:42,631 IDENTIFIED IN THE RESEARCH 4133 03:05:42,698 --> 03:05:44,566 ROADMAP, AND OUR PLAN IS ALSO TO 4134 03:05:44,633 --> 03:05:47,536 WORK TOGETHER WITH FEDERAL 4135 03:05:47,603 --> 03:05:48,237 PARTNERS, NON-PROFIT 4136 03:05:48,303 --> 03:05:49,538 ORGANIZATIONS, TO REALLY FIGURE 4137 03:05:49,605 --> 03:05:51,840 OUT THE LANDSCAPE AND HOW WE CAN 4138 03:05:51,907 --> 03:05:55,978 MOVE ALL OF THE RESEARCH 4139 03:05:56,044 --> 03:05:57,546 PRIORITIES FORWARD, TOGETHER. 4140 03:05:57,613 --> 03:05:58,947 AND ABSOLUTELY INCLUDE PEOPLE 4141 03:05:59,014 --> 03:06:02,751 WITH LIVED EXPERIENCE WHO BRING 4142 03:06:02,818 --> 03:06:04,419 THEIR EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVE 4143 03:06:04,486 --> 03:06:05,954 TO THE RESEARCH. 4144 03:06:06,021 --> 03:06:08,357 SO POTENTIAL NEXT STEPS AND 4145 03:06:08,423 --> 03:06:09,358 ACTUALLY ONE NEXT STEP IS THERE 4146 03:06:09,424 --> 03:06:11,927 WILL BE A NEW FUNDING 4147 03:06:11,994 --> 03:06:12,961 OPPORTUNITY, THE CONCEPT WAS 4148 03:06:13,028 --> 03:06:15,364 APPROVED AT FEBRUARY COUNCIL. 4149 03:06:15,430 --> 03:06:18,300 AND THIS WILL BE LAUNCHED SOON. 4150 03:06:18,367 --> 03:06:20,269 WE ARE ALREADY THINKING ABOUT 4151 03:06:20,335 --> 03:06:23,338 AND TALKING ABOUT DEVELOPING AND 4152 03:06:23,405 --> 03:06:24,773 ME/CFS GENETICS CONSORTIUM, AS 4153 03:06:24,840 --> 03:06:27,643 YOU HEARD THERE WAS A LOT OF 4154 03:06:27,709 --> 03:06:28,777 INFORMATION THAT WAS PRESENTED 4155 03:06:28,844 --> 03:06:32,314 IN THE GENETICS WEBINAR THAT'S 4156 03:06:32,381 --> 03:06:33,315 UNPUBLISHED, AND PRETTY 4157 03:06:33,382 --> 03:06:35,183 EXTENSIVE DATA, BOTH FROM 4158 03:06:35,250 --> 03:06:37,286 COHORTS OF ME/CFS FROM COHORTS 4159 03:06:37,352 --> 03:06:40,222 OF INDIVIDUALS WITH LONG COVID, 4160 03:06:40,289 --> 03:06:43,058 SOME OF WHOM MEET THE CASE 4161 03:06:43,125 --> 03:06:44,159 DEFINITION FOR ME/CFS. 4162 03:06:44,226 --> 03:06:47,629 SO THERE'S A LOT OF DATA OUT 4163 03:06:47,696 --> 03:06:48,830 THERE, THE GENETICS 4164 03:06:48,897 --> 03:06:50,032 INVESTIGATORS ARE VERY ANXIOUS 4165 03:06:50,098 --> 03:06:53,569 TO COME TOGETHER AND REALLY MOVE 4166 03:06:53,635 --> 03:06:54,970 THAT FORWARD. 4167 03:06:55,037 --> 03:06:57,606 WE CLEARLY NEED FURTHER AND 4168 03:06:57,673 --> 03:06:59,341 ONGOING DISCUSSIONS ABOUT MOVING 4169 03:06:59,408 --> 03:07:00,909 CLINICAL TRIALS FORWARD. 4170 03:07:00,976 --> 03:07:02,611 SO WE'RE ALREADY THINKING ABOUT 4171 03:07:02,678 --> 03:07:04,146 AND PLANNING TO DEVELOP A 4172 03:07:04,212 --> 03:07:05,781 CLINICAL TRIAL WORKING GROUP, 4173 03:07:05,847 --> 03:07:07,349 ROUNDTABLES, THERE WILL BE A 4174 03:07:07,416 --> 03:07:10,252 DISCUSSION ABOUT CLINICAL TRIALS 4175 03:07:10,319 --> 03:07:14,890 AT AN UPCOMING ME/CFS MEETING 4176 03:07:14,957 --> 03:07:18,727 ORGANIZED BY INVEST IN M.E. IN 4177 03:07:18,794 --> 03:07:21,229 THE U.K. IN JUNE. 4178 03:07:21,296 --> 03:07:22,965 WE'RE THINKING ABOUT WAYS TO 4179 03:07:23,031 --> 03:07:23,899 MOVE THIS FORWARD. 4180 03:07:23,966 --> 03:07:27,469 ONE THING NOT ON THE SLIDE, 4181 03:07:27,536 --> 03:07:30,973 PRETTY EXCITING, IS THAT IN 4182 03:07:31,039 --> 03:07:35,310 DECEMBER IN CONJUNCTION WITH 4183 03:07:35,377 --> 03:07:39,147 ME/CFS/NIH CONFERENCE, A YOUNG 4184 03:07:39,214 --> 03:07:40,148 INVESTIGATOR MEETING WITH OVER 4185 03:07:40,215 --> 03:07:41,149 100 YOUNG INVESTIGATORS, EARLY 4186 03:07:41,216 --> 03:07:42,651 CAREER, FROM THE U.S., 4187 03:07:42,718 --> 03:07:45,320 AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, FROM AROUND 4188 03:07:45,387 --> 03:07:46,955 THE WORLD WHO JOINED US 4189 03:07:47,022 --> 03:07:47,255 VIRTUALLY. 4190 03:07:47,322 --> 03:07:48,023 THERE'S A REALLY COMMITTED 4191 03:07:48,090 --> 03:07:49,758 EFFORT TO KEEP THEM TOGETHER TO 4192 03:07:49,825 --> 03:07:52,294 HELP SUPPORT THEM IN THEIR 4193 03:07:52,361 --> 03:07:54,463 EFFORTS TO BUILD THEIR CAREERS 4194 03:07:54,529 --> 03:07:57,232 AND DO RESEARCH ON ME/CFS. 4195 03:07:57,299 --> 03:08:01,069 I'LL END BY FIRST OF ALL 4196 03:08:01,136 --> 03:08:02,904 THANKING MY COLLEAGUES AT NINDS, 4197 03:08:02,971 --> 03:08:04,673 WHO WITHOUT THEIR HELP NONE OF 4198 03:08:04,740 --> 03:08:08,944 THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE. 4199 03:08:09,011 --> 03:08:10,779 ALSO THANK OUR CONTRACTOR, LOW 4200 03:08:10,846 --> 03:08:12,514 JUSTICE CONTRACTORS AT RLA, ALSO 4201 03:08:12,581 --> 03:08:13,949 AMAZING, AND WE COULDN'T HAVE 4202 03:08:14,016 --> 03:08:15,951 DONE THE EIGHT WEBINARS AND THIS 4203 03:08:16,018 --> 03:08:17,452 WHOLE PROCESS WITHOUT THEM 4204 03:08:17,519 --> 03:08:17,686 EITHER. 4205 03:08:17,753 --> 03:08:18,820 I'LL STOP THERE. 4206 03:08:18,887 --> 03:08:19,888 THE NEXT SLIDE I THINK IS JUST 4207 03:08:19,955 --> 03:08:21,957 FOR QUESTIONS. 4208 03:08:22,024 --> 03:08:24,693 OH, SORRY, ONE MORE SLIDE. 4209 03:08:24,760 --> 03:08:26,028 THERE'S A LOT OF INFORMATION, 4210 03:08:26,094 --> 03:08:28,664 THE ROADMAP WILL BE POSTED IF 4211 03:08:28,730 --> 03:08:30,465 ACCEPTED BY COUNCIL ON THE NINDS 4212 03:08:30,532 --> 03:08:31,333 WEBSITE. 4213 03:08:31,400 --> 03:08:32,768 ALL OF THE WEBINARS ARE 4214 03:08:32,834 --> 03:08:34,403 AVAILABLE FOR ANYONE WHO IS 4215 03:08:34,469 --> 03:08:37,606 INTERESTED TO VIEW THEM BY GOING 4216 03:08:37,673 --> 03:08:39,574 TO THE NINDS ADVISORY COUNCIL 4217 03:08:39,641 --> 03:08:40,008 WEBSITE. 4218 03:08:40,075 --> 03:08:42,511 SO WITH THAT I WILL STOP AND BE 4219 03:08:42,577 --> 03:08:45,447 HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS. 4220 03:08:56,658 --> 03:09:02,631 >> THANK YOU FOR THE 4221 03:09:02,698 --> 03:09:03,699 PRESENTATION. 4222 03:09:03,765 --> 03:09:04,933 I AGREE WITH INITIATIVES 4223 03:09:05,000 --> 03:09:05,434 CONSIDERED. 4224 03:09:05,500 --> 03:09:08,503 ONE THING I WANTED TO MENTION IN 4225 03:09:08,570 --> 03:09:10,272 THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 4226 03:09:10,338 --> 03:09:11,707 REALM, WE'VE REALIZED ULTIMATELY 4227 03:09:11,773 --> 03:09:12,674 THE HETEROGENEITY WE REALLY 4228 03:09:12,741 --> 03:09:14,109 UNDERSTAND, WE LOOK AT THE 4229 03:09:14,176 --> 03:09:15,777 BRAINS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE DIED. 4230 03:09:15,844 --> 03:09:16,712 I THINK IT'S ABSOLUTELY 4231 03:09:16,778 --> 03:09:19,114 APPROPRIATE NOT TO BE FOCUSED ON 4232 03:09:19,181 --> 03:09:20,449 PEOPLE WHO DIE WHO HAVE ME/CFS 4233 03:09:20,515 --> 03:09:22,084 BUT IT WOULD BE A LOST 4234 03:09:22,150 --> 03:09:28,090 OPPORTUNITY IF WE'RE NOT 4235 03:09:28,156 --> 03:09:28,857 COLLECTING AUTOPSY SPECIMENS. 4236 03:09:28,924 --> 03:09:31,927 I'D LIKE TO HEAR FROM CINDY OR 4237 03:09:31,993 --> 03:09:35,964 MAUREEN ABOUT EFFORTS TO COLLECT 4238 03:09:36,031 --> 03:09:37,499 NOT ONLY BIOSAMPLES, WHICH ARE 4239 03:09:37,566 --> 03:09:38,600 IMPORTANT, BUT BRAINS OF 4240 03:09:38,667 --> 03:09:39,901 INDIVIDUALS WHO PASSED AWAY WITH 4241 03:09:39,968 --> 03:09:40,702 THIS CONDITION. 4242 03:09:40,769 --> 03:09:43,438 REALITY IS WE NEED TO LOOK AT 4243 03:09:43,505 --> 03:09:47,909 THINGS LIKE TRANSPOSABLE 4244 03:09:47,976 --> 03:09:48,410 ELEMENTS, ENDOGENOUS 4245 03:09:48,477 --> 03:09:49,077 RETROVIRUSES, EPIGENETICS WITHIN 4246 03:09:49,144 --> 03:09:50,512 THE BRAIN AS WELL. 4247 03:09:50,579 --> 03:09:53,381 >> I QUITE AGREE BUT MAYBE VICKY 4248 03:09:53,448 --> 03:09:58,954 WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT CURRENT 4249 03:09:59,020 --> 03:10:03,425 STATUS OF DOING THAT. 4250 03:10:03,492 --> 03:10:05,961 >> INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS DO 4251 03:10:06,027 --> 03:10:08,196 HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO 4252 03:10:08,263 --> 03:10:09,464 RE-REGISTER, AND/OR AT THE TIME 4253 03:10:09,531 --> 03:10:11,333 OF DEATH FOR NEXT OF KIN TO 4254 03:10:11,399 --> 03:10:14,603 DONATE BRAINS OR OTHER TISSUES 4255 03:10:14,669 --> 03:10:16,004 TO THE NIH NEUROBIOBANK. 4256 03:10:16,071 --> 03:10:18,974 WHICH WE HAVE HAD SOME DONATIONS 4257 03:10:19,040 --> 03:10:23,178 COME IN TO THE NIH NEUROBIOBANK. 4258 03:10:23,245 --> 03:10:25,781 IT'S A QUITE CHALLENGING ISSUE 4259 03:10:25,847 --> 03:10:29,618 TO DISCUSS, SENSITIVE ISSUE TO 4260 03:10:29,684 --> 03:10:31,286 DISCUSS WITH THE COMMUNITY 4261 03:10:31,353 --> 03:10:33,855 BECAUSE THERE CONTINUE TO BE 4262 03:10:33,922 --> 03:10:35,724 SUICIDES, INDIVIDUALS WHO 4263 03:10:35,791 --> 03:10:37,592 COMPLETELY LOSE HOPE, AND COMMIT 4264 03:10:37,659 --> 03:10:41,196 SUICIDE TO END THEIR SUFFERING. 4265 03:10:41,263 --> 03:10:43,532 AND SO IT'S REALLY A SENSITIVE 4266 03:10:43,598 --> 03:10:46,001 TOPIC TO TALK ABOUT THINKING 4267 03:10:46,067 --> 03:10:47,736 ABOUT DONATING YOUR BRAINS WHEN 4268 03:10:47,803 --> 03:10:48,403 YOU DIE. 4269 03:10:48,470 --> 03:10:49,938 BUT IT'S SOMETHING THAT IS 4270 03:10:50,005 --> 03:10:50,472 CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AND 4271 03:10:50,539 --> 03:10:53,575 SOMETHING THAT WE ARE WORKING 4272 03:10:53,642 --> 03:10:54,009 TOWARD. 4273 03:10:54,075 --> 03:10:54,943 >> YES, I COMPLETELY HEAR WHAT 4274 03:10:55,010 --> 03:10:55,644 YOU'RE SAYING. 4275 03:10:55,710 --> 03:10:57,913 IT IS AN IMPORTANT AND SENSITIVE 4276 03:10:57,979 --> 03:10:58,146 ISSUE. 4277 03:10:58,213 --> 03:11:00,549 BUT UNLESS WE ACTUALLY HAVE THAT 4278 03:11:00,615 --> 03:11:02,751 DISCUSSION, WE WON'T BE GETTING 4279 03:11:02,818 --> 03:11:03,785 THE TISSUES ULTIMATELY THAT WE 4280 03:11:03,852 --> 03:11:04,152 NEED. 4281 03:11:04,219 --> 03:11:05,921 IT IS A BIOLOGICAL CONDITION BUT 4282 03:11:05,987 --> 03:11:07,122 UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGY 4283 03:11:07,189 --> 03:11:08,190 REQUIRES WE ALSO LOOK AT THE 4284 03:11:08,256 --> 03:11:12,027 BRAINS WHEN PEOPLE HAVE PASSED 4285 03:11:12,093 --> 03:11:12,227 AWAY. 4286 03:11:12,294 --> 03:11:13,562 AND I KNOW YOU'RE CORRECT THAT 4287 03:11:13,628 --> 03:11:15,630 IT'S DIFFICULT TO ADDRESS THAT 4288 03:11:15,697 --> 03:11:17,632 ISSUE, PARTICULARLY IN THIS 4289 03:11:17,699 --> 03:11:18,266 POPULATION, BUT IT'S SOMETHING 4290 03:11:18,333 --> 03:11:19,835 THAT WOULD BE A LOST OPPORTUNITY 4291 03:11:19,901 --> 03:11:25,607 IF WE'RE NOT THINKING ABOUT IT 4292 03:11:25,674 --> 03:11:26,141 PROACTIVELY. 4293 03:11:26,208 --> 03:11:29,811 >> IF YOU CONSIDER LONG COVID, 4294 03:11:29,878 --> 03:11:32,848 SOME MAJOR FINDINGS ABOUT THE 4295 03:11:32,914 --> 03:11:35,016 PREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 CAME 4296 03:11:35,083 --> 03:11:39,487 FROM THOSE AUTOPSY SAMPLES, 4297 03:11:39,554 --> 03:11:40,922 CRITICAL TO HAVE NOT JUST THE 4298 03:11:40,989 --> 03:11:43,225 BRAIN BUT SPINAL CORD, FOR 4299 03:11:43,291 --> 03:11:45,894 EXAMPLE, TO FIND OUT WHETHER 4300 03:11:45,961 --> 03:11:47,229 THERE'S DAMAGE OR WHETHER THERE 4301 03:11:47,295 --> 03:11:52,033 IS STILL THE VIRUS PRESENT. 4302 03:11:52,100 --> 03:11:53,535 >> IT MIGHT BE INTERESTING, I'LL 4303 03:11:53,602 --> 03:11:55,537 JUST ADD, ONE PATIENT ASKED ME 4304 03:11:55,604 --> 03:11:58,707 THIS QUESTION YESTERDAY IN HER 4305 03:11:58,773 --> 03:11:59,140 VISIT. 4306 03:11:59,207 --> 03:12:00,775 VERY GENUINELY, NOT FROM A STATE 4307 03:12:00,842 --> 03:12:01,810 OF DEPRESSION. 4308 03:12:01,877 --> 03:12:03,211 IT MAY BE SOMETHING WE NEED TO 4309 03:12:03,278 --> 03:12:06,948 TALK ABOUT MORE AND HAVE IT 4310 03:12:07,015 --> 03:12:14,122 BECOME AN ORDINARY CONVERSATION. 4311 03:12:14,556 --> 03:12:19,861 >> THE FOLLOWING IS HANK'S 4312 03:12:19,928 --> 03:12:20,128 QUESTION. 4313 03:12:20,195 --> 03:12:21,062 YOU COLLECTED CLINICAL DATA IN 4314 03:12:21,129 --> 03:12:23,164 THE HISTORY OF THEIR DISEASE, 4315 03:12:23,231 --> 03:12:24,232 GIVEN THE VARIANTS AND 4316 03:12:24,299 --> 03:12:27,535 VARIABILITY WE HAVE TO KEEP AS 4317 03:12:27,602 --> 03:12:31,006 MUCH CLINICAL INFORMATION 4318 03:12:31,072 --> 03:12:33,208 ALONGSIDE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, 4319 03:12:33,275 --> 03:12:33,842 INCREDIBLY HELPFUL, CONCEPTED, 4320 03:12:33,909 --> 03:12:36,945 ABLE TO BE USED AND SHARED AND 4321 03:12:37,012 --> 03:12:38,480 COMBINED WOULD BE VALUABLE IN 4322 03:12:38,546 --> 03:12:39,581 THE FUTURE. 4323 03:12:39,648 --> 03:12:42,317 >> CINDY SHOULD ANSWER THAT ONE, 4324 03:12:42,384 --> 03:12:44,085 I THINK. 4325 03:12:44,152 --> 03:12:45,720 >> YEAH, I MEAN, IT IS 4326 03:12:45,787 --> 03:12:46,554 IMPORTANT. 4327 03:12:46,621 --> 03:12:49,991 WHAT WE CONSIDER A GOLD MINE OF 4328 03:12:50,058 --> 03:12:51,726 NATURAL HISTORY INFORMATION IN 4329 03:12:51,793 --> 03:12:52,994 MOST CLINICS. 4330 03:12:53,061 --> 03:12:55,931 BUT IT'S -- A LOT OF IT IS 4331 03:12:55,997 --> 03:12:57,098 PRE-ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD, 4332 03:12:57,165 --> 03:12:59,167 DIFFICULT AND CHALLENGING. 4333 03:12:59,234 --> 03:13:00,268 THERE ARE CODING PROBLEMS. 4334 03:13:00,335 --> 03:13:01,369 BUT I THINK IT'S REALLY 4335 03:13:01,436 --> 03:13:03,438 IMPORTANT AND WHEN WE WERE PART 4336 03:13:03,505 --> 03:13:05,440 OF THE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH 4337 03:13:05,507 --> 03:13:06,942 CENTER WITH JACKSON LABS, WE DID 4338 03:13:07,008 --> 03:13:10,345 A LOT OF ANALYSIS OF THE 4339 03:13:10,412 --> 03:13:11,646 SUBJECTIVE INFORMATION THAT WE 4340 03:13:11,713 --> 03:13:12,180 COLLECTED. 4341 03:13:12,247 --> 03:13:15,383 I THINK ALL OF THAT WILL BE 4342 03:13:15,450 --> 03:13:15,917 IMPORTANT. 4343 03:13:15,984 --> 03:13:18,420 >> IF I CAN JUST ADD NIH HAS 4344 03:13:18,486 --> 03:13:19,187 BEEN FUNDING COLLABORATIVE 4345 03:13:19,254 --> 03:13:19,754 RESEARCH CENTERS. 4346 03:13:19,821 --> 03:13:23,792 THEY ARE NOW IN THEIR SIXTH 4347 03:13:23,858 --> 03:13:24,025 YEAR. 4348 03:13:24,092 --> 03:13:24,759 RECENTLY RENEWED. 4349 03:13:24,826 --> 03:13:26,728 AND ALL OF THE DATA FROM THOSE 4350 03:13:26,795 --> 03:13:30,031 CENTERS AS WELL AS THE DATA FROM 4351 03:13:30,098 --> 03:13:32,434 THE RECENT INTRAMURAL STUDY HAVE 4352 03:13:32,500 --> 03:13:36,171 BEEN UPLOADED TO DATA PORTAL 4353 03:13:36,237 --> 03:13:38,139 CALLED MAP ME/CFS, AVAILABLE FOR 4354 03:13:38,206 --> 03:13:40,075 REANALYSIS AND FOR 4355 03:13:40,141 --> 03:13:40,408 INVESTIGATORS. 4356 03:13:40,475 --> 03:13:42,277 BUT THERE'S EXTENSIVE CLINICAL 4357 03:13:42,344 --> 03:13:43,912 DATA TOGETHER WITH ALL THE OMIC 4358 03:13:43,979 --> 03:13:48,516 DATA THAT WAS COLLECTED AS WELL. 4359 03:13:48,583 --> 03:13:50,485 >> THAT'S GREAT, PARTICULARLY 4360 03:13:50,552 --> 03:13:51,252 ASSOCIATING SAMPLES WITH 4361 03:13:51,319 --> 03:13:52,153 INDIVIDUAL CLINICAL COURSE, 4362 03:13:52,220 --> 03:13:53,555 THAT'S HUGELY VALUABLE. 4363 03:13:53,621 --> 03:13:57,258 >> YES, THANK YOU. 4364 03:13:57,325 --> 03:14:00,528 >> AND LOUISE PUT A COME ON THE 4365 03:14:00,595 --> 03:14:06,568 CHAT ABOUT APPROACHING MEDICAL 4366 03:14:06,634 --> 03:14:06,801 EXAMINE. 4367 03:14:06,868 --> 03:14:07,035 FLORIAN? 4368 03:14:07,102 --> 03:14:09,204 >> SOME SUICIDES WILL END UP THE 4369 03:14:09,270 --> 03:14:10,839 IN THE MEDICAL EXAMINERS. 4370 03:14:10,905 --> 03:14:13,141 SOMETIMES THAT'S WHERE WE CAN 4371 03:14:13,208 --> 03:14:14,542 GET PATIENTS FOR LIKE SOME 4372 03:14:14,609 --> 03:14:15,110 ADDICTION STUDIES. 4373 03:14:15,176 --> 03:14:16,511 THERE'S A WOMAN HERE THAT DOES A 4374 03:14:16,578 --> 03:14:19,047 LOT OF THAT. 4375 03:14:19,114 --> 03:14:20,248 SO, TAPPING INTO THOSE. 4376 03:14:20,315 --> 03:14:22,450 BUT I FOUND LIKE WE'VE BEEN 4377 03:14:22,517 --> 03:14:25,653 RUNNING THIS RAPID AUTOPSY 4378 03:14:25,720 --> 03:14:29,991 SERVICE FOR 12 MONTHS. 4379 03:14:30,058 --> 03:14:31,626 IT'S DIFFICULT WITH SUDDEN 4380 03:14:31,693 --> 03:14:32,961 DEATH, TRYING TO GET MORE 4381 03:14:33,028 --> 03:14:34,496 CONTROLS LIKE FROM MOTOR VEHICLE 4382 03:14:34,562 --> 03:14:35,563 ACCIDENTS BUT SURPRISING IF YOU 4383 03:14:35,630 --> 03:14:38,433 JUST TAKE IT THROUGH LIKE IN A 4384 03:14:38,500 --> 03:14:40,935 VERY KIND OF STANDARDIZED WAY 4385 03:14:41,002 --> 03:14:42,470 HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE INTERESTED 4386 03:14:42,537 --> 03:14:43,104 IN THAT. 4387 03:14:43,171 --> 03:14:45,407 I DON'T THINK IT WILL INFLUENCE, 4388 03:14:45,473 --> 03:14:47,208 YOU KNOW, OBVIOUSLY THEIR CARE 4389 03:14:47,275 --> 03:14:48,810 OR ANYTHING, BUT SOMETIMES 4390 03:14:48,877 --> 03:14:55,250 TALKING ABOUT IT EARLY PEOPLE 4391 03:14:55,316 --> 03:14:56,584 ARE ACTUALLY MORE AMENABLE THAN 4392 03:14:56,651 --> 03:14:57,452 YOU THINK. 4393 03:14:57,519 --> 03:14:58,853 BUT IT'S A DIFFICULT DISCUSSION. 4394 03:14:58,920 --> 03:15:00,488 IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT A BUSY 4395 03:15:00,555 --> 03:15:02,724 CLINICIAN WHO IS IN, YOU KNOW, A 4396 03:15:02,791 --> 03:15:03,892 CLINICAL PRACTICE SEEING THESE 4397 03:15:03,958 --> 03:15:05,427 PATIENTS, YOU JUST WANT TO TRY 4398 03:15:05,493 --> 03:15:11,232 AND STANDARDIZE THINGS TO MAKE 4399 03:15:11,299 --> 03:15:13,868 IT EASY FOR THEM. 4400 03:15:13,935 --> 03:15:19,607 >> THANK YOU, LOUISE. 4401 03:15:19,674 --> 03:15:23,178 YEAH, APPRECIATE THE OVERVIEW. 4402 03:15:23,244 --> 03:15:25,280 I CAN FORESEE SUCH CHALLENGES, 4403 03:15:25,346 --> 03:15:29,551 RAISING AWARENESS AROUND THIS, 4404 03:15:29,617 --> 03:15:31,853 AND HIGHLIGHTING THE COMPLEXITY 4405 03:15:31,920 --> 03:15:33,388 OF CLASSIFICATION AND CAUSALITY 4406 03:15:33,455 --> 03:15:34,456 HERE. 4407 03:15:34,522 --> 03:15:36,758 IN PARTICULAR I FORESEE THERE 4408 03:15:36,825 --> 03:15:39,594 ARE GOING TO BE REAL ISSUES IN 4409 03:15:39,661 --> 03:15:42,464 THINKING ABOUT SOME OF THAT. 4410 03:15:42,530 --> 03:15:46,601 SO WHAT YOU SAID ABOUT SUBTYPING 4411 03:15:46,668 --> 03:15:49,037 AND STAGES OF DISEASE REALLY 4412 03:15:49,104 --> 03:15:50,105 RESONATED WITH ME. 4413 03:15:50,171 --> 03:15:56,277 I THINK THEY WILL BE KEY TO 4414 03:15:56,344 --> 03:15:56,911 STRATIFICATION. 4415 03:15:56,978 --> 03:15:58,913 ANY THOUGHTS HOW YOU'RE GOING TO 4416 03:15:58,980 --> 03:16:00,748 ROADMAP AND ENCOURAGE THAT? 4417 03:16:00,815 --> 03:16:02,083 I THINK THAT WILL BE REALLY 4418 03:16:02,150 --> 03:16:02,350 CRITICAL. 4419 03:16:02,417 --> 03:16:03,384 THANKS SO MUCH. 4420 03:16:03,451 --> 03:16:04,486 THAT WAS A TERRIFIC 4421 03:16:04,552 --> 03:16:06,721 PRESENTATION. 4422 03:16:12,627 --> 03:16:13,528 >> CINDY, MAUREEN, DO YOU WANT 4423 03:16:13,595 --> 03:16:14,195 TO RESPOND? 4424 03:16:14,262 --> 03:16:20,902 WOULD YOU LIKE ME TO RESPOND? 4425 03:16:20,969 --> 03:16:24,272 >> WELL, ONE CERTAINLY CAN 4426 03:16:24,339 --> 03:16:25,907 SUBTYPE BY CLUSTERING SYMPTOMS. 4427 03:16:25,974 --> 03:16:27,642 SOMEONE IN MY LAB, FOR EXAMPLE, 4428 03:16:27,709 --> 03:16:30,745 WAS ABLE TO IDENTIFY FOUR 4429 03:16:30,812 --> 03:16:35,650 SUBTYPES JUST FROM THE SYMPTOMS. 4430 03:16:35,717 --> 03:16:39,053 AND THE ALAIN MARROW CENTER IN 4431 03:16:39,120 --> 03:16:40,688 CANADA HAS BEEN SUBTYPING 4432 03:16:40,755 --> 03:16:41,222 ACCORDING TO MOLECULAR 4433 03:16:41,289 --> 03:16:42,123 INFORMATION, SOMETHING GOING ON, 4434 03:16:42,190 --> 03:16:43,191 BUT IT'S IMPORTANT TO USE IT 4435 03:16:43,258 --> 03:16:44,726 ESPECIALLY IN CLINICAL TRIALS. 4436 03:16:44,792 --> 03:16:46,294 I THINK WE DON'T WANT TO THROW 4437 03:16:46,361 --> 03:16:52,433 OUT A DRUG AS BEING USEFUL EVEN 4438 03:16:52,500 --> 03:16:54,135 IF IT ONLY GIVES 10% OF PEOPLE 4439 03:16:54,202 --> 03:16:57,505 BACK THEIR LIVES IT'S 4440 03:16:57,572 --> 03:16:58,206 WORTHWHILE. 4441 03:16:58,273 --> 03:16:59,941 FRANCES HAD HER HAND RAISED 4442 03:17:00,008 --> 03:17:00,141 NEXT. 4443 03:17:00,208 --> 03:17:02,210 >> I DO. 4444 03:17:02,277 --> 03:17:03,378 HAY. 4445 03:17:03,444 --> 03:17:06,714 I WAS WONDERING THINKING ABOUT 4446 03:17:06,781 --> 03:17:09,884 ACROSS NIH AREAS OF COMMON 4447 03:17:09,951 --> 03:17:10,852 INTEREST WHETHER -- HAVE YOU 4448 03:17:10,919 --> 03:17:12,820 BEEN FOCUSING AT ALL ON THE 4449 03:17:12,887 --> 03:17:15,690 AGING BRAIN WITH ME/CFS? 4450 03:17:15,757 --> 03:17:19,627 IS THERE AN INTERACTION BETWEEN 4451 03:17:19,694 --> 03:17:22,497 RISK FOR DEMENTIA, I KNOW SLEEP 4452 03:17:22,564 --> 03:17:23,665 DISTURBANCE IS RELATED 4453 03:17:23,731 --> 03:17:25,767 INDEPENDENTLY BUT IS THERE AN 4454 03:17:25,833 --> 03:17:27,402 INTERACTION BETWEEN THIS 4455 03:17:27,468 --> 03:17:28,136 DISORDER AND NEURODEGENERATIVE 4456 03:17:28,203 --> 03:17:31,439 DISEASE OF ANY KIND? 4457 03:17:31,506 --> 03:17:32,540 GIVEN THE AGING POPULATION, 4458 03:17:32,607 --> 03:17:35,043 MIGHT BE AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT TO 4459 03:17:35,109 --> 03:17:35,710 BUILD IN. 4460 03:17:35,777 --> 03:17:37,345 >> I COULD TAKE A STAB AT THAT. 4461 03:17:37,412 --> 03:17:39,247 I'M NOT SURE WE'VE LOOKED AT IT 4462 03:17:39,314 --> 03:17:41,849 SPECIFICALLY IN THAT WAY. 4463 03:17:41,916 --> 03:17:43,918 FROM THE CLINICAL STANDPOINT, IT 4464 03:17:43,985 --> 03:17:48,189 SEEMS USUALLY KIND OF DIFFERENT, 4465 03:17:48,256 --> 03:17:48,856 CLINICAL PRESENTATION, THAN 4466 03:17:48,923 --> 03:17:49,824 DEMENTIA-LIKE CHANGES. 4467 03:17:49,891 --> 03:17:51,726 BUT WHAT WE SEE IN -- 4468 03:17:51,793 --> 03:17:53,995 >> I WASN'T SUGGESTING IT WAS 4469 03:17:54,062 --> 03:17:54,295 DEMENTIA. 4470 03:17:54,362 --> 03:17:55,797 I'M JUST LONGITUDINALLY, AS YOU 4471 03:17:55,863 --> 03:17:58,032 FOLLOW PEOPLE, DO THEY HAVE AN 4472 03:17:58,099 --> 03:17:58,766 INCREASED RISK. 4473 03:17:58,833 --> 03:17:59,567 >> RIGHT, RIGHT, RIGHT. 4474 03:17:59,634 --> 03:18:02,170 I DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER TO THAT 4475 03:18:02,237 --> 03:18:05,907 BUT I ALSO KNOW THAT AGE-RELATED 4476 03:18:05,974 --> 03:18:14,882 CHANGES GET SUPERIMPOSED AS 4477 03:18:14,949 --> 03:18:16,618 PEOPLE GET OLDER, SEEMS TO BE 4478 03:18:16,684 --> 03:18:18,820 PREMATURE BUT JUST AN IMPRESSION 4479 03:18:18,886 --> 03:18:19,153 ON MY PART. 4480 03:18:19,220 --> 03:18:21,356 >> I DON'T KNOW WHETHER YOU HAVE 4481 03:18:21,422 --> 03:18:23,124 A GREATER RISK OF DEMENTIA AS A 4482 03:18:23,191 --> 03:18:25,093 RESULT OF HAVING HAD ME/CFS. 4483 03:18:25,159 --> 03:18:26,928 >> YEAH, I'M NOT AWARE THAT THAT 4484 03:18:26,995 --> 03:18:28,263 HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED BUT I'M 4485 03:18:28,329 --> 03:18:31,099 NOT AWARE THERE IS AN INCREASED 4486 03:18:31,165 --> 03:18:31,432 RISK. 4487 03:18:31,499 --> 03:18:34,369 BUT I DO KNOW THAT THERE'S DATA 4488 03:18:34,435 --> 03:18:40,408 THAT WILL BE PUBLISHED SOON FROM 4489 03:18:40,475 --> 03:18:43,144 THE JACKSON LABS CENTER THAT 4490 03:18:43,211 --> 03:18:44,112 INVESTIGATED IMMUNE PROFILING OF 4491 03:18:44,178 --> 03:18:46,080 INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE EARLY ON IN 4492 03:18:46,147 --> 03:18:47,615 THEIR DISEASE VERSUS THOSE THAT 4493 03:18:47,682 --> 03:18:49,450 HAD BEEN ILL FOR A MUCH LONGER 4494 03:18:49,517 --> 03:18:51,419 PERIOD OF TIME, AND THERE ARE 4495 03:18:51,486 --> 03:18:53,054 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AS WELL 4496 03:18:53,121 --> 03:18:55,923 AS DIFFERENCES IN IMMUNE 4497 03:18:55,990 --> 03:18:56,924 PROFILING FROM YOUNGER 4498 03:18:56,991 --> 03:18:58,259 INDIVIDUALS COMPARED TO PEOPLE 4499 03:18:58,326 --> 03:19:00,295 OVER THE AGE OF 60. 4500 03:19:00,361 --> 03:19:04,098 SO, THERE ARE DEFINITELY 4501 03:19:04,165 --> 03:19:04,999 AGING -- AGE-RELATED CHANGES, 4502 03:19:05,066 --> 03:19:10,038 BUT I'M NOT AWARE OF ANY 4503 03:19:10,104 --> 03:19:10,471 DEMENTIA-RELATED. 4504 03:19:10,538 --> 03:19:10,738 >> OKAY. 4505 03:19:10,805 --> 03:19:18,112 WALTER, HOW ABOUT YOU ARE THE 4506 03:19:18,179 --> 03:19:19,480 LAST QUESTION? 4507 03:19:19,547 --> 03:19:21,549 >> THERE'S OBVIOUS DATA WHEN YOU 4508 03:19:21,616 --> 03:19:22,650 COMPARE CONTROLS TO AFFECTED 4509 03:19:22,717 --> 03:19:24,252 PEOPLE MANY INSTANCES YOU 4510 03:19:24,319 --> 03:19:25,687 COULDN'T SEE A DIFFERENCE, BUT 4511 03:19:25,753 --> 03:19:27,422 WHEN YOU ACTUALLY BROKE IT DOWN 4512 03:19:27,488 --> 03:19:29,724 TO MALES OR FEMALES, BIG 4513 03:19:29,791 --> 03:19:30,425 DIFFERENCES APPEARED. 4514 03:19:30,491 --> 03:19:35,930 SO, EVEN THOUGH YOU HAD A 4515 03:19:35,997 --> 03:19:41,235 SMALLER N, THE DIFFERENT GENDER 4516 03:19:41,302 --> 03:19:43,538 SPLIT REALLY LED TO 4517 03:19:43,604 --> 03:19:46,808 ABNORMALITIES JUMPING OUT. 4518 03:19:46,874 --> 03:19:48,109 TWO VERY SIMPLE QUESTIONS. 4519 03:19:48,176 --> 03:19:49,310 ONE THAT'S ALWAYS BEEN BUGGING 4520 03:19:49,377 --> 03:19:54,649 ME IS THE CAUSE OF THE 4521 03:19:54,716 --> 03:19:59,487 SPORADICS, GIVE THAN COVID-19 IS 4522 03:19:59,554 --> 03:20:01,656 A CORONAVIRUS, LOTS OF 4523 03:20:01,723 --> 03:20:04,625 CORONAVIRUSES HAVE BEEN AROUND 4524 03:20:04,692 --> 03:20:09,430 FOREVER IS ANYBODY THINKING IT'S 4525 03:20:09,497 --> 03:20:10,898 ACTUALLY A CORONAVIRUS DRIVING 4526 03:20:10,965 --> 03:20:20,742 SPOREATICS ALL D. -- SPORADICS. 4527 03:20:20,808 --> 03:20:23,945 >> WE CAN'T RULE OUT A BAD 4528 03:20:24,011 --> 03:20:25,546 VARIANT CAUSING ME/CFS. 4529 03:20:25,613 --> 03:20:27,215 THAT'S CERTAINLY A POSSIBILITY. 4530 03:20:27,281 --> 03:20:29,684 I CAN'T ELIMINATE IT. 4531 03:20:29,751 --> 03:20:33,020 WE DO KNOW IN SOME CASES, SOME 4532 03:20:33,087 --> 03:20:34,722 OF THE SPORADIC CASES, THE 4533 03:20:34,789 --> 03:20:39,227 INDIVIDUAL DID HAVE AN 4534 03:20:39,293 --> 03:20:40,528 ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION. 4535 03:20:40,595 --> 03:20:41,963 SO THERE IS EVIDENCE OF 4536 03:20:42,029 --> 03:20:42,897 ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN SOME 4537 03:20:42,964 --> 03:20:46,234 CASES, BUT I DON'T KNOW OF ANY 4538 03:20:46,300 --> 03:20:47,735 CASE SOMEONE HAS LOOKED FOR A 4539 03:20:47,802 --> 03:20:50,671 CORONAVIRUS TO FIND OUT IF IT 4540 03:20:50,738 --> 03:20:52,673 COULD HAVE CAUSED ME/CFS. 4541 03:20:52,740 --> 03:20:58,379 BUT THAT REMAINS A POSSIBILITY. 4542 03:20:58,446 --> 03:21:02,750 AND AT THIS POINT IF YOU GET 4543 03:21:02,817 --> 03:21:04,619 ME/CFS AFTER 2020, WE DON'T KNOW 4544 03:21:04,685 --> 03:21:06,053 WHETHER YOU GOT IT FROM 4545 03:21:06,120 --> 03:21:09,123 SARS-COV-2 OR WHETHER YOU GOT IT 4546 03:21:09,190 --> 03:21:11,325 FROM A VIRUS THAT'S STILL AROUND 4547 03:21:11,392 --> 03:21:16,764 THAT EXISTED AND CAUSED IT 4548 03:21:16,831 --> 03:21:17,031 PRE-2020. 4549 03:21:17,098 --> 03:21:18,766 >> THE OTHER QUESTION IN TERMS 4550 03:21:18,833 --> 03:21:20,301 OF HETEROGENEITY SINCE WE RAN 4551 03:21:20,368 --> 03:21:22,703 INTO THIS WITH LONG COVID CASES, 4552 03:21:22,770 --> 03:21:24,972 AND SO WE LOOK AT THE DATA AND 4553 03:21:25,039 --> 03:21:27,842 WE SEPARATE IT INTO MULTIPLE 4554 03:21:27,909 --> 03:21:29,177 DIFFERENT GROUPS AND PUT UP 4555 03:21:29,243 --> 03:21:32,547 CLINICAL TRIAL PLATFORMS FOR 4556 03:21:32,613 --> 03:21:36,551 EACH OF THE GROUPS, AUTONOMICS, 4557 03:21:36,617 --> 03:21:38,453 SLEEP, COGNITIVE TROUBLE, 4558 03:21:38,519 --> 03:21:38,719 EXERCISE. 4559 03:21:38,786 --> 03:21:40,955 I'M NOT SURE HOW MUCH YOU KNOW 4560 03:21:41,022 --> 03:21:42,924 OF DETAILS BUT OF THOSE 4561 03:21:42,990 --> 03:21:45,593 PLATFORMS, ARE THEY ACTUALLY 4562 03:21:45,660 --> 03:21:48,329 READY TO TEST SIMILAR SUBGROUPS 4563 03:21:48,396 --> 03:21:49,630 OF ME/CFS PATIENTS? 4564 03:21:49,697 --> 03:21:53,000 THAT MAY NOT HAVE BEEN LONG 4565 03:21:53,067 --> 03:21:53,334 COVID? 4566 03:21:53,401 --> 03:21:55,436 >> I THINK A LOT OF THE -- I CAN 4567 03:21:55,503 --> 03:21:56,971 ANSWER THAT A LOT OF THE 4568 03:21:57,038 --> 03:21:58,806 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT I'VE SEEN 4569 03:21:58,873 --> 03:22:01,876 COMING FORWARD FOR LONG COVID, 4570 03:22:01,943 --> 03:22:03,644 THE DRUGS ARE ONES THAT 4571 03:22:03,711 --> 03:22:05,179 POTENTIALLY ADDRESS SOME OF THE 4572 03:22:05,246 --> 03:22:07,248 SAME SYMPTOMS THAT PEOPLE WITH 4573 03:22:07,315 --> 03:22:08,583 ME/CFS HAVE. 4574 03:22:08,649 --> 03:22:09,784 BUT THE SUBGROUPS I'M TALKING 4575 03:22:09,851 --> 03:22:15,156 ABOUT ARE NOT THAT YOU HAVE 4576 03:22:15,223 --> 03:22:16,557 FATIGUE OR ORTHOSTATIC 4577 03:22:16,624 --> 03:22:17,658 INTOLERANCE OR COGNITIVE 4578 03:22:17,725 --> 03:22:19,093 IMPAIRMENT BECAUSE THOSE FIVE 4579 03:22:19,160 --> 03:22:22,697 TOGETHER ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE -- 4580 03:22:22,763 --> 03:22:24,866 TO BE DIAGNOSED. 4581 03:22:24,932 --> 03:22:31,572 SO PEOPLE WHO HAVE ALL FIVE 4582 03:22:31,639 --> 03:22:32,106 SYMPTOMS IOF COMMITTEE 4583 03:22:32,173 --> 03:22:34,141 IDENTIFIED, EVEN PEOPLE WITH 4584 03:22:34,208 --> 03:22:35,810 THOSE FIVE SYMPTOMS, THERE BE 4585 03:22:35,877 --> 03:22:38,112 SUBGROUPS WHO MAY HAVE MORE 4586 03:22:38,179 --> 03:22:39,447 PAIN, HAVE SOME MOLECULAR 4587 03:22:39,514 --> 03:22:44,018 DIFFERENCE, DIFFERENT 4588 03:22:44,085 --> 03:22:44,785 CONSTELLATION OF SYMPTOMS BUT 4589 03:22:44,852 --> 03:22:47,021 ALL HAVE THE SAME FIVE SYMPTOMS. 4590 03:22:47,088 --> 03:22:48,489 SO, I THINK A LOT OF THE 4591 03:22:48,556 --> 03:22:50,925 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT ARE GOING 4592 03:22:50,992 --> 03:22:52,994 ON FOR LONG COVID WOULD BE 4593 03:22:53,060 --> 03:22:55,296 APPLICABLE TO ME/CFS, AND I 4594 03:22:55,363 --> 03:22:57,999 RECOMMEND THAT ME/CFS BE A 4595 03:22:58,065 --> 03:22:59,200 COMPARATOR GROUP FOR MANY 4596 03:22:59,267 --> 03:23:00,434 CLINICAL TRIALS WITH ONE 4597 03:23:00,501 --> 03:23:00,701 EXCEPTION. 4598 03:23:00,768 --> 03:23:03,604 THE ONE TYPE OF DRUG THAT IS NOT 4599 03:23:03,671 --> 03:23:06,274 GOING TO HELP ANYONE BEFORE 4600 03:23:06,340 --> 03:23:07,642 PRE-2020 ARE THE CLINICAL TRIALS 4601 03:23:07,708 --> 03:23:12,246 IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE GIVING THE 4602 03:23:12,313 --> 03:23:13,114 LONG COVID INDIVIDUALS 4603 03:23:13,180 --> 03:23:14,215 SARS-COV-2 DRUGS. 4604 03:23:14,282 --> 03:23:16,350 THOSE ARE CERTAINLY NOT HELP 4605 03:23:16,417 --> 03:23:18,920 ANYONE BEFORE 2020. 4606 03:23:18,986 --> 03:23:21,322 SO, BUT I THINK MANY OF THE 4607 03:23:21,389 --> 03:23:24,825 DRUGS THAT ARE BEING TRIED, LOW 4608 03:23:24,892 --> 03:23:26,127 DOSE NALTREXONE, FOR EXAMPLE, 4609 03:23:26,193 --> 03:23:29,630 HAS BEEN USED FOR YEARS IN 4610 03:23:29,697 --> 03:23:35,303 ME/CFS AS SOMETHING THAT HELPS A 4611 03:23:35,369 --> 03:23:35,870 SUBSET. 4612 03:23:35,937 --> 03:23:36,203 CINDY? 4613 03:23:36,270 --> 03:23:38,372 >> PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN SIX 20 4614 03:23:38,439 --> 03:23:40,341 YEARS, OR 10 YEARS, HAVE MADE 4615 03:23:40,408 --> 03:23:42,310 ALL KIND OF ADAPTATIONS AND SEEN 4616 03:23:42,376 --> 03:23:43,077 MANY PHYSICIANS NOT EXCITED 4617 03:23:43,144 --> 03:23:47,682 ABOUT A CLINICAL TRIAL TO STUDY 4618 03:23:47,748 --> 03:23:48,583 EXERCISE, OR SLEEP HYGIENE, 4619 03:23:48,649 --> 03:23:51,085 THAT'S WHY THERE'S BEEN SUCH A 4620 03:23:51,152 --> 03:23:56,157 BACKLASH FROM THE ME/CFS 4621 03:23:56,223 --> 03:23:57,425 COMMUNITY ABOUT THE 4622 03:23:57,491 --> 03:23:58,292 WELL-INTENDED CLINICAL TRIALS. 4623 03:23:58,359 --> 03:23:59,226 I'M PART OF RECOVER CLINICAL 4624 03:23:59,293 --> 03:24:02,029 TRIALS BUT THEY WANT TO MOVE TO 4625 03:24:02,096 --> 03:24:02,496 MORE EFFECTIVE PRIMARY 4626 03:24:02,563 --> 03:24:03,564 INTERVENTIONS AS SOON AS 4627 03:24:03,631 --> 03:24:04,865 POSSIBLE AND I'M SURE LONG COVID 4628 03:24:04,932 --> 03:24:06,534 WANTS TO DO THAT TOO, THE LONGER 4629 03:24:06,601 --> 03:24:08,202 THEY ARE ILL. 4630 03:24:08,269 --> 03:24:10,705 >> A COMMENT I'LL MAKE ON THAT, 4631 03:24:10,771 --> 03:24:12,707 FOR EXAMPLE, AS THE NIH 4632 03:24:12,773 --> 03:24:14,442 INTRAMURAL STUDY POINTED OUT, 4633 03:24:14,508 --> 03:24:16,444 THERE'S SOME EVIDENCE FOR T CELL 4634 03:24:16,510 --> 03:24:16,777 EXHAUSTION. 4635 03:24:16,844 --> 03:24:19,013 WHEN WE HAVE DRUGS FROM THE 4636 03:24:19,080 --> 03:24:22,516 CANCER WORLD TO DEAL WITH T CELL 4637 03:24:22,583 --> 03:24:23,551 EXHAUSTION, THOSE ARE SOME OF 4638 03:24:23,618 --> 03:24:26,654 THE HIGHER RISK DRUGS THAT THE 4639 03:24:26,721 --> 03:24:28,522 INDIVIDUALS WITH ME/CFS ARE 4640 03:24:28,589 --> 03:24:31,559 QUITE WILLING TO ACCEPT THE RISK 4641 03:24:31,626 --> 03:24:33,294 IF THE CLINICAL TRIAL WERE PUT 4642 03:24:33,361 --> 03:24:33,661 FORWARD. 4643 03:24:33,728 --> 03:24:35,830 I SUSPECT MANY PEOPLE WITH LONG 4644 03:24:35,896 --> 03:24:37,999 COVID WOULD ALSO BE WILLING TO 4645 03:24:38,065 --> 03:24:43,904 RISK THAT TYPE OF TREATMENT. 4646 03:24:43,971 --> 03:24:46,507 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4647 03:24:46,574 --> 03:24:49,377 >> THANK YOU. 4648 03:24:49,443 --> 03:24:49,977 CINDY, MAUREEN, VICKIE, THANK 4649 03:24:50,044 --> 03:24:51,278 YOU VERY MUCH. 4650 03:24:51,345 --> 03:24:52,546 NOW WE NEED TO ASK THE COUNCIL 4651 03:24:52,613 --> 03:24:54,415 IF THEY WOULD LIKE TO MAKE A 4652 03:24:54,482 --> 03:24:57,618 MOTION TO ACCEPT THE REPORT. 4653 03:24:57,685 --> 03:24:58,586 >> SO MOVED. 4654 03:24:58,653 --> 03:24:58,886 >> SECOND? 4655 03:24:58,953 --> 03:24:59,253 >> SECOND. 4656 03:24:59,320 --> 03:24:59,587 >> OKAY. 4657 03:24:59,654 --> 03:25:01,222 WE HAVE A SECOND. 4658 03:25:01,288 --> 03:25:02,523 SO WE'RE NOW GOING TO HAND IT 4659 03:25:02,590 --> 03:25:05,459 OVER TO TIM TO GET YOU THE VOTE. 4660 03:25:05,526 --> 03:25:07,862 >> IF EVERYONE COULD GO INTO THE 4661 03:25:07,928 --> 03:25:09,930 VOTING TAB OF THE ECB. 4662 03:25:09,997 --> 03:25:13,234 YOU'RE GOING TO SCROLL DOWN. 4663 03:25:13,300 --> 03:25:20,474 AND CLICK ON ME/CFS REPORT. 4664 03:25:20,541 --> 03:25:22,576 AND MAKE SURE YOU DO SAVE AND 4665 03:25:22,643 --> 03:25:33,054 SUBMIT AFTER YOU VOTE. 4666 03:25:39,960 --> 03:25:47,635 WE GOT THE VOTE -- WE NEED THE 4667 03:25:47,702 --> 03:25:50,337 WORD THAT WE GOT THE FIVE. 4668 03:25:50,404 --> 03:25:51,572 FIVE RIGHT NOW. 4669 03:25:51,639 --> 03:25:54,909 WE NEED THREE MORE. 4670 03:25:57,445 --> 03:26:05,953 (INAUDIBLE) 4671 03:26:06,020 --> 03:26:07,288 >> FOR SOME REASON MINE ISN'T -- 4672 03:26:07,354 --> 03:26:14,729 IT SEEMED TO BE GRAYED OUT. 4673 03:26:14,795 --> 03:26:17,631 LOUISE, IS THAT YOU? 4674 03:26:17,698 --> 03:26:18,466 >> YES. 4675 03:26:18,532 --> 03:26:20,267 IS ANYBODY ELSE HAVING TROUBLE? 4676 03:26:20,334 --> 03:26:22,103 MINE SEEMS TO BE GRAYED OUT WHEN 4677 03:26:22,169 --> 03:26:26,006 I TRY TO CLICK YES. 4678 03:26:26,073 --> 03:26:29,443 I SEE THE REPORT AND PDF. 4679 03:26:29,510 --> 03:26:29,643 SORRY. 4680 03:26:29,710 --> 03:26:33,681 >> THAT'S OKAY. 4681 03:26:33,748 --> 03:26:37,151 >> IS ANYBODY ELSE HAVING THAT 4682 03:26:37,218 --> 03:26:38,185 ISSUE? 4683 03:26:38,252 --> 03:26:38,686 >> WE'RE FIXING THAT. 4684 03:26:38,753 --> 03:26:38,919 >> OKAY. 4685 03:26:38,986 --> 03:26:43,190 SORRY ABOUT THAT. 4686 03:26:43,257 --> 03:26:44,291 >> WHERE DO WE STAND? 4687 03:26:44,358 --> 03:26:46,160 >> MINE IS NOT LETTING ME INTO 4688 03:26:46,227 --> 03:26:47,361 THE VOTING TAB ALTHOUGH IT 4689 03:26:47,428 --> 03:26:48,729 WORKED FINE THIS MORNING. 4690 03:26:48,796 --> 03:26:50,664 >> I KNOW, MINE DID TOO. 4691 03:26:50,731 --> 03:26:51,332 >> THIS IS WEIRD. 4692 03:26:51,398 --> 03:26:53,601 >> IN THE INTEREST OF TIME WE 4693 03:26:53,667 --> 03:26:55,402 CAN TAKE -- YOU CAN VERBALLY 4694 03:26:55,469 --> 03:26:59,406 STATE YOUR VOTE. 4695 03:26:59,473 --> 03:26:59,974 >> YES. 4696 03:27:00,040 --> 03:27:00,341 >> YES, OKAY. 4697 03:27:00,407 --> 03:27:01,509 >> MINE JUST DECIDED TO WORK. 4698 03:27:01,575 --> 03:27:02,243 SORRY ABOUT THAT. 4699 03:27:02,309 --> 03:27:03,444 >> PUT IT IN THE CHAT. 4700 03:27:03,511 --> 03:27:06,647 JUST PUT IT IN THE CHAT. 4701 03:27:06,714 --> 03:27:07,748 >> YEP. 4702 03:27:07,815 --> 03:27:08,849 >> YAY OR NAY. 4703 03:27:08,916 --> 03:27:09,416 OKAY. 4704 03:27:09,483 --> 03:27:11,685 I'M GOING TO MOVE FORWARD. 4705 03:27:11,752 --> 03:27:14,655 >> IT'S A GREAT REPORT, REALLY 4706 03:27:14,722 --> 03:27:17,358 FANTASTIC. 4707 03:27:17,424 --> 03:27:18,559 >> SO, CINDY AND MAUREEN, THANKS 4708 03:27:18,626 --> 03:27:18,926 AGAIN. 4709 03:27:18,993 --> 03:27:21,962 WE'RE MOVING TO THE NEXT ITEM, 4710 03:27:22,029 --> 03:27:22,830 OUR BRAIN UPDATE. 4711 03:27:22,897 --> 03:27:24,832 AND I'M GOING TO HAND IT OVER TO 4712 03:27:24,899 --> 03:27:28,302 JOHN NGAI WHO IS THE BRAIN 4713 03:27:28,369 --> 03:27:29,170 DIRECTOR. 4714 03:27:29,236 --> 03:27:31,572 AND JOHN, DO WE HAVE JOHN? 4715 03:27:31,639 --> 03:27:34,775 >> I HAVE YOU. 4716 03:27:34,842 --> 03:27:35,943 DO YOU HAVE ME? 4717 03:27:36,010 --> 03:27:37,945 >> I DON'T SEE YOU BUT I CAN 4718 03:27:38,012 --> 03:27:39,914 HEAR YOU, I'LL TAKE IT AS WE DO 4719 03:27:39,980 --> 03:27:40,581 HAVE YOU. 4720 03:27:40,648 --> 03:27:45,052 >> CAN YOU SEE WHAT LOOKS TO BE 4721 03:27:45,119 --> 03:27:46,854 THE PROPER SCREEN? 4722 03:27:46,921 --> 03:27:48,155 >> I SEE YOUR SCREEN. 4723 03:27:48,222 --> 03:27:50,558 ALL RIGHT, JOHN, IT'S ALL YOURS. 4724 03:27:50,624 --> 03:27:54,061 >> I'M GOING TO REARRANGE THE 4725 03:27:54,128 --> 03:27:54,762 SILLY WINDOWS. 4726 03:27:54,829 --> 03:27:56,797 SORRY I CAN'T BE WITH YOU IN 4727 03:27:56,864 --> 03:27:57,431 PERSON. 4728 03:27:57,498 --> 03:27:58,432 AS WALTER MENTIONED EARLIER, 4729 03:27:58,499 --> 03:28:00,167 WE'RE NOT ALLOWED TO BE ASKING 4730 03:28:00,234 --> 03:28:01,502 CONGRESS FOR MONEY. 4731 03:28:01,569 --> 03:28:02,570 HOWEVER, WE ARE TAKING EVERY 4732 03:28:02,636 --> 03:28:04,238 OPPORTUNITY TO GET THE WORD OUT 4733 03:28:04,305 --> 03:28:06,841 ABOUT ALL THE GREAT WORK THAT 4734 03:28:06,907 --> 03:28:09,343 BRAIN AND IDS AND NIH GENERALLY 4735 03:28:09,410 --> 03:28:12,112 HAS BEEN DOING AND SUPPORTING. 4736 03:28:12,179 --> 03:28:13,414 MONDAY EVENING A FEW MEMBERS OF 4737 03:28:13,480 --> 03:28:17,117 MY TEAM AND I WERE IN PORTLAND 4738 03:28:17,184 --> 03:28:23,023 AT OHSU FOR AN EVENT HONORING 4739 03:28:23,090 --> 03:28:24,658 U.S. REPRESENTATIVE EARL 4740 03:28:24,725 --> 03:28:25,559 BLOOMENAEUR RETIRING AFTER 26 4741 03:28:25,626 --> 03:28:30,364 YEARS OF SERVICE IN THE HOUSE, A 4742 03:28:30,431 --> 03:28:31,565 TIRELESS CHAMPION OF 4743 03:28:31,632 --> 03:28:32,566 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH. 4744 03:28:32,633 --> 03:28:34,435 IN 2010 ESTABLISHED THE 4745 03:28:34,501 --> 03:28:35,069 BIPARTISAN CONGRESSIONAL 4746 03:28:35,135 --> 03:28:37,905 NEUROSCIENCE CAUCUS WHICH HE 4747 03:28:37,972 --> 03:28:39,573 CURRENTLY CO-CHAIRS WITH 4748 03:28:39,640 --> 03:28:40,975 REPRESENTATIVE MORGAN LITTRELL 4749 03:28:41,041 --> 03:28:43,177 FROM THE HOUSTON, TEXAS, AREA. 4750 03:28:43,244 --> 03:28:44,478 GIVEN AIRLINE SCHEDULES AND 4751 03:28:44,545 --> 03:28:48,415 FLIGHT DELAYS THIS MEANT I HAD 4752 03:28:48,482 --> 03:28:49,817 TO RUN OUR MCWG FOR BRAIN 4753 03:28:49,884 --> 03:28:51,919 YESTERDAY FROM A HOTEL ROOM IN 4754 03:28:51,986 --> 03:28:52,186 PORTLAND. 4755 03:28:52,253 --> 03:28:54,121 I COULDN'T FIND A WAY OF GETTING 4756 03:28:54,188 --> 03:28:57,491 BACK TO THE EAST COAST FOR 4757 03:28:57,558 --> 03:28:58,559 TODAY'S MEETING. 4758 03:28:58,626 --> 03:28:59,827 APOLOGIES FOR ZOOMING FROM THE 4759 03:28:59,894 --> 03:29:07,801 WEST COAST, HOPE TO SEE YOU IN 4760 03:29:07,868 --> 03:29:15,643 PERSON NEXT TIME. 4761 03:29:15,709 --> 03:29:20,714 I HAVE TO THANK THE 130 OR 135 4762 03:29:20,781 --> 03:29:28,255 R. 150 ARE ARE ARE ARE ARE -- - 4763 03:29:28,322 --> 03:29:30,291 130 OR 150 SUPPORTERS. 4764 03:29:30,357 --> 03:29:32,526 WE'VE FUNDED OVER 1600 AWARDS TO 4765 03:29:32,593 --> 03:29:36,664 OVER 1700 P.I.s ACROSS 265 4766 03:29:36,730 --> 03:29:36,997 INSTITUTIONS. 4767 03:29:37,064 --> 03:29:38,632 STILL BIASED TOWARD THE COAST 4768 03:29:38,699 --> 03:29:40,067 BUT SLOWLY FILLING IN IN THE 4769 03:29:40,134 --> 03:29:41,101 MIDDLE OF THE COUNTRY WHERE 4770 03:29:41,168 --> 03:29:44,538 THERE'S A LOT OF TALENT TO BE 4771 03:29:44,605 --> 03:29:45,839 TAPPED TO APPROACH THIS 4772 03:29:45,906 --> 03:29:46,674 INCREDIBLE MYSTERY CALLED THE 4773 03:29:46,740 --> 03:29:47,808 HUMAN BRAIN. 4774 03:29:47,875 --> 03:29:49,376 A LOT OF GREAT PUBLICATIONS 4775 03:29:49,443 --> 03:29:51,312 ACROSS DIFFERENT JOURNALS, 4776 03:29:51,378 --> 03:29:52,313 REPRESENTING THE TRULY 4777 03:29:52,379 --> 03:29:54,715 INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF THE 4778 03:29:54,782 --> 03:29:55,683 INITIATIVE. 4779 03:29:55,749 --> 03:29:58,185 SO LET ME GET THE NOT SO GREAT 4780 03:29:58,252 --> 03:30:01,522 NEWS OUT OF THE WAY FIRST, AS 4781 03:30:01,588 --> 03:30:03,057 THE BUDGET ISSUES WE'RE HAVING 4782 03:30:03,123 --> 03:30:05,659 THAT WALTER ALLUDED TO EARLIER. 4783 03:30:05,726 --> 03:30:06,760 WALTER DID A GREAT JOB 4784 03:30:06,827 --> 03:30:07,962 EXPLAINING WHERE WE ARE. 4785 03:30:08,028 --> 03:30:14,234 FRANKLY I'VE HAD AN EASIER TIME 4786 03:30:14,301 --> 03:30:15,669 EXPLAINING SENSOR ADAPTATION TO 4787 03:30:15,736 --> 03:30:16,437 UNDERGRADUATES THAN WHAT 4788 03:30:16,503 --> 03:30:16,870 HAPPENED. 4789 03:30:16,937 --> 03:30:18,505 LET'S SEE IF I CAN'T EXPLAIN 4790 03:30:18,572 --> 03:30:19,907 WHAT'S GOING ON. 4791 03:30:19,974 --> 03:30:20,841 OKAY. 4792 03:30:20,908 --> 03:30:22,476 SO BRAIN RECEIVES FUNDING FROM 4793 03:30:22,543 --> 03:30:23,444 TWO SOURCES. 4794 03:30:23,510 --> 03:30:26,413 ONE IS THE BASE FUNDING TO THE 4795 03:30:26,480 --> 03:30:28,248 10 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTES AND 4796 03:30:28,315 --> 03:30:30,117 CENTERS IN BRAIN. 4797 03:30:30,184 --> 03:30:33,554 THIS TOTALS UP IN FISCAL YEAR FY 4798 03:30:33,620 --> 03:30:34,488 22 TO $468 MILLION. 4799 03:30:34,555 --> 03:30:37,791 YOU CAN SEE A STEADY ROBUST 4800 03:30:37,858 --> 03:30:40,427 INCREASE OVER TIME. 4801 03:30:40,494 --> 03:30:43,497 THE CURES ACT, 21ST CENTURY 4802 03:30:43,564 --> 03:30:46,567 CURES ACT, PASSED IN 2016 4803 03:30:46,633 --> 03:30:48,202 PROVIDED ADDITIONAL FUNDS FROM 4804 03:30:48,268 --> 03:30:49,403 FY 17 THROUGH FY 26. 4805 03:30:49,470 --> 03:30:51,372 I'M SHOWING WHAT'S GOING ON 4806 03:30:51,438 --> 03:30:54,742 HERE, FY 24 FOR SIMPLICITY. 4807 03:30:54,808 --> 03:30:57,177 NOW, THE CURES ACT AUTHORIZED 4808 03:30:57,244 --> 03:30:58,912 BUT NOT APPROPRIATED, IT 4809 03:30:58,979 --> 03:31:00,247 AUTHORIZED VARYING LEVELS OF 4810 03:31:00,314 --> 03:31:02,883 FUNDING OVER THE 10-YEAR PERIOD. 4811 03:31:02,950 --> 03:31:09,123 YOU CAN SEE YOU THE FLUCTUATES 4812 03:31:09,189 --> 03:31:13,927 UP AND DOWN WITH A BUMP IN 2023, 4813 03:31:13,994 --> 03:31:15,162 COMMITTED TO SUPPORTING 4814 03:31:15,229 --> 03:31:16,864 LONG-TERM EVEN AFTER CURES ACT 4815 03:31:16,930 --> 03:31:17,765 FUNDING EXPIRES IN 2026. 4816 03:31:17,831 --> 03:31:22,770 WITH THIS BUMP IN FUNDING IN FY 4817 03:31:22,836 --> 03:31:27,474 23 EVEN AFTER EXPIRATION IN 26, 4818 03:31:27,541 --> 03:31:30,010 THE ROBUST FUNDING WOULD HAVE 4819 03:31:30,077 --> 03:31:31,845 ALLOWED TO US CONTINUE ON 4820 03:31:31,912 --> 03:31:32,946 CURRENT TRAJECTORY. 4821 03:31:33,013 --> 03:31:36,050 HOWEVER AS WALTER MENTIONED, IN 4822 03:31:36,116 --> 03:31:41,722 FY 23 A DECISION WAS MADE TO 4823 03:31:41,789 --> 03:31:44,158 REDUCE THE BASE TO $230 MILLION, 4824 03:31:44,224 --> 03:31:46,427 BUT WITH CURES FUNDING 4825 03:31:46,493 --> 03:31:52,332 BALLOONING TO 4 $50 MILLION -- 4826 03:31:52,399 --> 03:31:57,438 $450 MILLION WE GOT AN INCREASE 4827 03:31:57,504 --> 03:32:00,007 TO TO $680 MILLION IN 2023 4828 03:32:00,074 --> 03:32:02,643 COMPARED TO $620 MILLION IN FY 4829 03:32:02,709 --> 03:32:04,044 22. 4830 03:32:04,111 --> 03:32:06,680 THIS IS KIND OF WHAT 4831 03:32:06,747 --> 03:32:08,348 PRECIPITATED THE CURRENT PICKLE 4832 03:32:08,415 --> 03:32:11,852 WE'RE IN BECAUSE IN THE ENACTED 4833 03:32:11,919 --> 03:32:13,787 FY 24 BUDGET, THE BASE WAS HELD 4834 03:32:13,854 --> 03:32:14,121 FLAT. 4835 03:32:14,188 --> 03:32:15,989 IN OTHER WORDS, WE DID NOT GET A 4836 03:32:16,056 --> 03:32:20,928 RESTORATION OF THE BASE BUT THE 4837 03:32:20,994 --> 03:32:22,563 CURES ACT DROPPED BY $270 4838 03:32:22,629 --> 03:32:28,669 MILLION, WHICH RESULTED IN TOTAL 4839 03:32:28,735 --> 03:32:30,804 TOPLINE BUDGET OF $402 MILLION, 4840 03:32:30,871 --> 03:32:33,107 40% LESS THAN FY 23. 4841 03:32:33,173 --> 03:32:36,543 NOW, MAKE NO MISTAKE. 4842 03:32:36,610 --> 03:32:38,879 $402 MILLION IS A GOOD CHUNK OF 4843 03:32:38,946 --> 03:32:39,213 CHANGE. 4844 03:32:39,279 --> 03:32:41,181 AS ALWAYS WE'RE DOING OUR BEST 4845 03:32:41,248 --> 03:32:42,449 TO STEWARD INVESTMENTS TO 4846 03:32:42,516 --> 03:32:43,784 ADVANCE THE MISSION OF THE NIH 4847 03:32:43,851 --> 03:32:45,452 BRAIN INITIATIVE FOR THE BENEFIT 4848 03:32:45,519 --> 03:32:46,386 OF THE TAXPAYERS, FOR THE 4849 03:32:46,453 --> 03:32:47,621 BENEFIT OF ALL. 4850 03:32:47,688 --> 03:32:48,956 WE HAVE TO ASK OURSELVES WHAT 4851 03:32:49,022 --> 03:32:51,792 ARE WE DOING TO MANAGE THIS 4852 03:32:51,859 --> 03:32:55,195 DIFFICULT BUDGET ENVIRONMENT 4853 03:32:55,262 --> 03:32:57,798 GIVEN THAT WE'RE NOW SHORT $278 4854 03:32:57,865 --> 03:32:59,133 MILLION COMPARED TO LAST YEAR. 4855 03:32:59,199 --> 03:33:01,068 SO THE FIRST THING IS WE'RE 4856 03:33:01,135 --> 03:33:02,603 DOING OUR BEST TO COMMUNICATE 4857 03:33:02,669 --> 03:33:05,772 THE SITUATION ABOUT THE REALITY 4858 03:33:05,839 --> 03:33:08,408 OF THE SITUATION, AND ITS 4859 03:33:08,475 --> 03:33:11,612 IMPACTS. 4860 03:33:11,678 --> 03:33:13,247 I RELEASED A STATEMENT ON THE 4861 03:33:13,313 --> 03:33:16,150 WEBSITE THROUGH THE DIRECTOR'S 4862 03:33:16,216 --> 03:33:17,384 CORNER BLOG, INFORMING EVERYBODY 4863 03:33:17,451 --> 03:33:19,253 IN THE FIELD WHAT HAPPENED, 4864 03:33:19,319 --> 03:33:22,089 FOLLOWED UP BY A PAGE WE PUT ON 4865 03:33:22,156 --> 03:33:25,492 THE BRAIN WEBSITE, BASICALLY 4866 03:33:25,559 --> 03:33:26,793 DESCRIBING THE BUDGET OVERVIEW, 4867 03:33:26,860 --> 03:33:28,162 WE INCLUDED A NUMBER OF 4868 03:33:28,228 --> 03:33:29,062 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND 4869 03:33:29,129 --> 03:33:30,764 I'M SURE THERE WILL BE MORE TO 4870 03:33:30,831 --> 03:33:30,964 COME. 4871 03:33:31,031 --> 03:33:32,399 AND THEN HOW WE'RE GOING TO 4872 03:33:32,466 --> 03:33:33,734 MANAGE THIS IMPACT. 4873 03:33:33,800 --> 03:33:37,538 SO, YOU CAN GET MORE INFORMATION 4874 03:33:37,604 --> 03:33:38,872 HERE, I'LL WALK THROUGH OUR 4875 03:33:38,939 --> 03:33:40,674 GENERAL STRATEGY FOR MANAGING 4876 03:33:40,741 --> 03:33:43,343 BUDGET DIFFICULTY FOR THE TIME 4877 03:33:43,410 --> 03:33:43,844 BEING. 4878 03:33:43,911 --> 03:33:45,212 WE WERE COMMITTED TO STAYING 4879 03:33:45,279 --> 03:33:47,848 TRUE TO OUR MISSION, AND CORE 4880 03:33:47,915 --> 03:33:50,350 VALUES TO SUPPORT INNOVATIVE, 4881 03:33:50,417 --> 03:33:52,786 OPEN, INCLUDESSIVE AND ETHICAL 4882 03:33:52,853 --> 03:33:53,887 SCIENCE. 4883 03:33:53,954 --> 03:33:54,988 OPERATIONALLY, WE'VE HAD TO 4884 03:33:55,055 --> 03:33:57,724 INSTITUTE 10% CUTS ON OUT-YEAR 4885 03:33:57,791 --> 03:33:58,025 COMMITMENTS. 4886 03:33:58,091 --> 03:34:01,762 AS WALTER MENTIONED, THE BULK OF 4887 03:34:01,828 --> 03:34:04,064 OUR CURRENT -- BULK OFF 4888 03:34:04,131 --> 03:34:06,900 OBLIGATIONS EACH YEAR ARE FROM 4889 03:34:06,967 --> 03:34:07,568 OUTYEAR COMMITMENTS, BETWEEN 2/3 4890 03:34:07,634 --> 03:34:09,269 AND 3/4 OF THE BUDGET, ALLOWS US 4891 03:34:09,336 --> 03:34:13,574 TO PUT MORE MORE -- MORE MONEY 4892 03:34:13,640 --> 03:34:14,675 INTO NEW GRANTS. 4893 03:34:14,741 --> 03:34:15,642 THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS, FOR 4894 03:34:15,709 --> 03:34:17,844 EXAMPLE INDIVIDUAL TRAINING 4895 03:34:17,911 --> 03:34:19,613 AWARDS, SMALL AWARDS LIKE R21s 4896 03:34:19,680 --> 03:34:20,581 AND SO FORTH, ALL THE 4897 03:34:20,647 --> 03:34:24,851 INFORMATION IS IN THE WEBSITE 4898 03:34:24,918 --> 03:34:26,720 HIGHLIGHTED ON THE RIGHT. 4899 03:34:26,787 --> 03:34:29,790 GIVEN 40% DROP IN FUNDING WE CAN 4900 03:34:29,856 --> 03:34:31,425 ONLY FUND PERHAPS HALF OF NEW 4901 03:34:31,491 --> 03:34:36,230 AWARDS THAN WE WERE HOPING TO. 4902 03:34:36,296 --> 03:34:37,431 WE'RE GOING THROUGH THESE GRANT 4903 03:34:37,497 --> 03:34:38,966 APPLICATIONS IN FRONT OF US, 4904 03:34:39,032 --> 03:34:40,367 MANY OF WHICH THIS GROUP HAS 4905 03:34:40,434 --> 03:34:42,569 SEEN, FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR. 4906 03:34:42,636 --> 03:34:43,904 BASICALLY MAKING SOME VERY HARD 4907 03:34:43,971 --> 03:34:46,406 DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT TO FUND. 4908 03:34:46,473 --> 03:34:48,475 WHATEVER DOESN'T GET FUNDED THIS 4909 03:34:48,542 --> 03:34:49,676 YEAR WE'LL DEFER. 4910 03:34:49,743 --> 03:34:51,678 WE HAVE THREE COUNCIL ROUNDS TO 4911 03:34:51,745 --> 03:34:53,513 FUND WHATEVER DOESN'T GET FUNDED 4912 03:34:53,580 --> 03:34:56,350 NOW SO WE'LL HAVE A BACKLOG OF 4913 03:34:56,416 --> 03:34:57,251 REALLY GREAT APPLICATIONS TO 4914 03:34:57,317 --> 03:35:02,923 FUND IF AND WHEN THE BUDGETS 4915 03:35:02,990 --> 03:35:04,358 GETS RESTORED. 4916 03:35:04,424 --> 03:35:05,993 FY 25 ISN'T LOOKING GREAT BUT 4917 03:35:06,059 --> 03:35:07,094 THERE'S ALWAYS HOPE. 4918 03:35:07,160 --> 03:35:09,930 WE WERE FORCED TO CANCEL 4919 03:35:09,997 --> 03:35:11,698 SELECTED UPCOMING RECEIPT DATES 4920 03:35:11,765 --> 03:35:13,967 AND EVEN FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 4921 03:35:14,034 --> 03:35:15,302 ANNOUNCEMENTS SO THAT 4922 03:35:15,369 --> 03:35:16,503 INVESTIGATORS, REVIEWERS AND 4923 03:35:16,570 --> 03:35:18,238 STAFF CAN DIRECT ENERGIES MORE 4924 03:35:18,305 --> 03:35:18,739 PRODUCTIVELY ELSEWHERE. 4925 03:35:18,805 --> 03:35:21,108 THIS HAS BEEN A TOUGH GO FOR 4926 03:35:21,174 --> 03:35:22,276 EVERYBODY. 4927 03:35:22,342 --> 03:35:23,944 WE APPRECIATE THAT BUT THIS IS 4928 03:35:24,011 --> 03:35:29,082 WHERE WE'RE STUCK RIGHT NOW. 4929 03:35:29,149 --> 03:35:31,818 WE'VE BEEN COMMUNICATING THESE 4930 03:35:31,885 --> 03:35:36,857 CANCELLATIONS, THE RECEIPT 4931 03:35:36,923 --> 03:35:38,959 DATES, VIA THE WEB PAGE HERE, 4932 03:35:39,026 --> 03:35:40,460 THE BRAIN BLOG. 4933 03:35:40,527 --> 03:35:45,732 YOU CAN SEE IT HERE. 4934 03:35:45,799 --> 03:35:48,235 CONTACT THE BRAIN PROGRAM CENTER 4935 03:35:48,302 --> 03:35:51,305 TO SEE IF RFA IS STILL ACTIVE 4936 03:35:51,371 --> 03:35:52,539 WHAT APPLICATIONS TO FUND THIS 4937 03:35:52,606 --> 03:35:54,174 YEAR, WE'LL BE CONTINUING TO 4938 03:35:54,241 --> 03:35:55,942 FOCUS ON BRAIN PRIORITY AREAS, 4939 03:35:56,009 --> 03:35:57,778 INCLUDING THE TRAINING OF A 4940 03:35:57,844 --> 03:35:59,446 DIVERSE COHORT OF NEXT 4941 03:35:59,513 --> 03:36:02,049 GENERATION LEADERS. 4942 03:36:02,115 --> 03:36:03,950 WE'LL BE ASKING IS THE PROJECT 4943 03:36:04,017 --> 03:36:05,686 TRULY UNIQUE TO BRAIN, NOT 4944 03:36:05,752 --> 03:36:09,389 LIKELY TO BE SUPPORTED ANY WHERE 4945 03:36:09,456 --> 03:36:10,390 ELSE, INCLUDES TRANSFORMATIVE 4946 03:36:10,457 --> 03:36:12,459 PROJECTS AND BRAIN BEHAVIOR 4947 03:36:12,526 --> 03:36:13,894 QUANTIFICATION AND SIN 4948 03:36:13,960 --> 03:36:14,995 CO-NIGHSATION PROJECT. 4949 03:36:15,062 --> 03:36:15,862 DOES IT PROVIDE PORTFOLIO 4950 03:36:15,929 --> 03:36:17,931 BALANCE OR ADDRESS A GAP AREA? 4951 03:36:17,998 --> 03:36:19,566 DOES IT PROVIDE GEOGRAPHIC OR 4952 03:36:19,633 --> 03:36:20,667 INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY? 4953 03:36:20,734 --> 03:36:23,770 IS THE AREA OF INQUIRY OR P.I. 4954 03:36:23,837 --> 03:36:25,572 THEMSELF AT RISK IF WE DON'T 4955 03:36:25,639 --> 03:36:27,441 MAKE THIS AWARD? 4956 03:36:27,507 --> 03:36:30,944 AND WE'RE COGNIZANT OF ESI AND 4957 03:36:31,011 --> 03:36:32,479 EARLY-STAGE INVESTIGATOR AND NEW 4958 03:36:32,546 --> 03:36:33,580 INVESTIGATOR STATUS. 4959 03:36:33,647 --> 03:36:35,315 WE'LL BE UPDATING THE BUDGET 4960 03:36:35,382 --> 03:36:37,284 WEBSITE AS THINGS CHANGE, AS 4961 03:36:37,351 --> 03:36:38,752 THINGS EVOLVE, WE ENCOURAGE 4962 03:36:38,819 --> 03:36:40,687 PEOPLE AGAIN TO CONTACT OUR 4963 03:36:40,754 --> 03:36:41,755 PROGRAM STAFF WITH QUESTIONS. 4964 03:36:41,822 --> 03:36:43,423 THIS IS WHERE WE ARE WITH THIS. 4965 03:36:43,490 --> 03:36:44,791 I'M SURE THERE'S GOING TO BE 4966 03:36:44,858 --> 03:36:46,593 QUESTIONS AFTER I'M DONE AND I'M 4967 03:36:46,660 --> 03:36:50,564 HAPPY TO TAKE YOUR QUESTIONS AT 4968 03:36:50,630 --> 03:36:51,498 THAT TIME. 4969 03:36:51,565 --> 03:36:51,832 OKAY. 4970 03:36:51,898 --> 03:36:54,701 LET'S TALK ABOUT SOME COOL 4971 03:36:54,768 --> 03:36:55,902 THINGS GOING ON. 4972 03:36:55,969 --> 03:36:57,304 LET'S SET THE BUDGET CLOUD ASIDE 4973 03:36:57,371 --> 03:36:59,106 FOR A MOMENT. 4974 03:36:59,172 --> 03:37:01,641 WE'RE CELEBRATING SUCH AS WE ARE 4975 03:37:01,708 --> 03:37:02,809 10 YEARS OF INNOVATION FUNDED BY 4976 03:37:02,876 --> 03:37:03,477 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 4977 03:37:03,543 --> 03:37:04,978 WE'RE DOING A NUMBER OF THINGS 4978 03:37:05,045 --> 03:37:06,780 TO HELP, AGAIN, GET THE WORD 4979 03:37:06,847 --> 03:37:07,147 OUT. 4980 03:37:07,214 --> 03:37:09,583 ONE OF THOSE THINGS IS THROUGH 4981 03:37:09,649 --> 03:37:14,621 EACH OF THE INDIVIDUAL TEN I.C. 4982 03:37:14,688 --> 03:37:15,622 DIRECTORS BLOGS, WE'VE ASKED 4983 03:37:15,689 --> 03:37:18,992 EACH OF THEM TO GIVE THEIR 4984 03:37:19,059 --> 03:37:20,293 PERSPECTIVE ON HOW BRAIN HAS 4985 03:37:20,360 --> 03:37:21,695 FURTHERED THEIR MISSION AND HOW 4986 03:37:21,762 --> 03:37:22,562 THEIR MISSION CONTRIBUTES TO THE 4987 03:37:22,629 --> 03:37:27,033 BRAIN INITIATIVE. 4988 03:37:27,100 --> 03:37:28,268 OF COURSE, WE SELECTED WALTER TO 4989 03:37:28,335 --> 03:37:30,804 LEAD THIS EFFORT IN TERMS OF HOW 4990 03:37:30,871 --> 03:37:34,207 THIS HAS IMPACTED NINDS AND 4991 03:37:34,274 --> 03:37:36,176 NEUROSCIENCE MORE GENERALLY. 4992 03:37:36,243 --> 03:37:37,277 GEORGE KOOB FROM NIAAA PUBLISH 4993 03:37:37,344 --> 03:37:41,415 THE HIS -- PUBLISHED HIS 4994 03:37:41,481 --> 03:37:42,082 THOUGHTS, EIGHT MORE COMING 4995 03:37:42,149 --> 03:37:43,350 BETWEEN NOW AND LATE MAY, STAY 4996 03:37:43,417 --> 03:37:44,851 TUNED FOR THAT. 4997 03:37:44,918 --> 03:37:45,819 WE'RE ALSO POSTING THESE 4998 03:37:45,886 --> 03:37:48,455 PERSPECTIVES ON THE BRAIN 4999 03:37:48,522 --> 03:37:49,423 WEBSITE. 5000 03:37:49,489 --> 03:37:52,025 VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE TENTH 5001 03:37:52,092 --> 03:37:53,693 ANNUAL BRAIN INITIATIVE 5002 03:37:53,760 --> 03:37:55,328 CONFERENCE, HYBRID EVENT JUNE 5003 03:37:55,395 --> 03:37:56,430 17-JUNE 18. 5004 03:37:56,496 --> 03:37:58,131 WITH EARLY CAREER EVENT ON THE 5005 03:37:58,198 --> 03:37:59,032 EVENING OF JUNE 16. 5006 03:37:59,099 --> 03:38:03,937 THIS WILL BE A FORUM FOR SHARING 5007 03:38:04,004 --> 03:38:04,404 EXCITING DEVELOPMENTS, 5008 03:38:04,471 --> 03:38:05,539 DISCUSSING POTENTIAL NEW 5009 03:38:05,605 --> 03:38:06,473 DIRECTIONS IN COLLABORATIONS, ET 5010 03:38:06,540 --> 03:38:06,907 CETERA. 5011 03:38:06,973 --> 03:38:11,945 IT WILL TAKE PLACE IN PERSON AT 5012 03:38:12,012 --> 03:38:13,046 THE BETHESDA NORTH MARRIOTT 5013 03:38:13,113 --> 03:38:13,713 HOTEL. 5014 03:38:13,780 --> 03:38:16,116 WE HAVE SOME TERRIFIC PLENARY 5015 03:38:16,183 --> 03:38:20,720 SESSIONS COMING FOR YOU. 5016 03:38:20,787 --> 03:38:23,256 DR. LIQUN LUO WILL GIVE THE 5017 03:38:23,323 --> 03:38:24,558 FIRST ON DECONSTRUCTING THE 5018 03:38:24,624 --> 03:38:25,625 SEROTONIN SYSTEM IN THE MOUSE 5019 03:38:25,692 --> 03:38:26,159 BRAIN. 5020 03:38:26,226 --> 03:38:29,663 WE'LL HAVE A PANEL DISCUSSION ON 5021 03:38:29,729 --> 03:38:30,664 LATE MONDAY AFTERNOON, 5022 03:38:30,730 --> 03:38:32,532 REFLECTING ON WHAT BRAIN HAS 5023 03:38:32,599 --> 03:38:33,533 ACCOMPLISHED, WHERE IT IS GOING 5024 03:38:33,600 --> 03:38:37,037 IN THE FUTURE. 5025 03:38:37,103 --> 03:38:42,843 GUESTS WILL BE DR. BARGMANN, DR. 5026 03:38:42,909 --> 03:38:44,911 CHANG, FRANCIS COLLINS WHO YOU 5027 03:38:44,978 --> 03:38:49,716 ALL KNOW, FORMER DIRECTOR OF 5028 03:38:49,783 --> 03:38:52,052 NIH, CAROLINE MONTOJO, AND BILL 5029 03:38:52,118 --> 03:38:53,453 NEWSOM FROM STANFORD, LOOKING 5030 03:38:53,520 --> 03:39:00,494 FORWARD TO A FUN CONVERSATION 5031 03:39:00,560 --> 03:39:01,928 THERE. 5032 03:39:01,995 --> 03:39:03,363 TUESDAY MORNING DR. GRADINARU 5033 03:39:03,430 --> 03:39:06,900 FROM CAL TECH WILL TALK ABOUT 5034 03:39:06,967 --> 03:39:08,134 THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, WHETHER 5035 03:39:08,201 --> 03:39:11,505 FRIEND OR FOE. 5036 03:39:11,571 --> 03:39:12,138 PLEASE REGISTER, VIRTUALLY AND 5037 03:39:12,205 --> 03:39:18,411 IN PERSON. 5038 03:39:18,478 --> 03:39:19,513 ANYBODY IS FREE TO ATTEND. 5039 03:39:19,579 --> 03:39:21,715 IT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. 5040 03:39:21,781 --> 03:39:25,952 WE V. DEVELOP A WORKSHOP 5041 03:39:26,019 --> 03:39:26,520 EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES. 5042 03:39:26,586 --> 03:39:29,656 THERE ARE GAPS IN OUR ABILITY TO 5043 03:39:29,723 --> 03:39:32,058 DEVELOP CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS IN 5044 03:39:32,125 --> 03:39:33,260 HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE. 5045 03:39:33,326 --> 03:39:38,665 EXISTING DATASETS ARE BETTER FOR 5046 03:39:38,732 --> 03:39:39,733 IDENTIFYING ASSOCIATIONS, SEEKS 5047 03:39:39,799 --> 03:39:41,701 TO EXPLORE CHALLENGES AND 5048 03:39:41,768 --> 03:39:42,669 OPPORTUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH 5049 03:39:42,736 --> 03:39:43,603 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY AND 5050 03:39:43,670 --> 03:39:44,971 COORDINATED EFFORTS TO 5051 03:39:45,038 --> 03:39:45,739 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 5052 03:39:45,805 --> 03:39:47,507 FUNDAMENTAL BRAIN FUNCTION AND 5053 03:39:47,574 --> 03:39:48,742 HUMAN BEHAVIOR THROUGH NEURAL 5054 03:39:48,808 --> 03:39:50,877 STIMULATION AND RECORDING. 5055 03:39:50,944 --> 03:39:53,413 THIS DOVETAILS WITH A VERY 5056 03:39:53,480 --> 03:39:54,814 ROBUST PROGRAM IN "BRAIN" THAT 5057 03:39:54,881 --> 03:39:57,017 FALLS UNDER THE CATEGORY OF 5058 03:39:57,083 --> 03:40:01,588 RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY IN HUMANS. 5059 03:40:01,655 --> 03:40:03,290 WE HAVE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION 5060 03:40:03,356 --> 03:40:05,225 OUT LIVE RIGHT NOW, FOLKS CAN 5061 03:40:05,292 --> 03:40:06,192 GIVE THOUGHTS AND OPINIONS ABOUT 5062 03:40:06,259 --> 03:40:07,928 WHERE THE FIELD IS AND WHERE 5063 03:40:07,994 --> 03:40:09,796 THEY THINK IT SHOULD BE GOING. 5064 03:40:09,863 --> 03:40:14,067 WE HAVE A TERRIFIC EXTERNAL 5065 03:40:14,134 --> 03:40:15,735 COMMITTEE ADVISING THE STAFF AND 5066 03:40:15,802 --> 03:40:18,672 PUTTING TOGETHER THIS EXCITING 5067 03:40:18,738 --> 03:40:18,905 MEETING. 5068 03:40:18,972 --> 03:40:22,175 YOU CAN USE QR CODES TO GET MORE 5069 03:40:22,242 --> 03:40:22,809 INFORMATION. 5070 03:40:22,876 --> 03:40:23,577 OKAY. 5071 03:40:23,643 --> 03:40:25,045 SO IN TERMS OF SCIENTIFIC 5072 03:40:25,111 --> 03:40:26,580 UPDATES, I THOUGHT I'D TAKE THIS 5073 03:40:26,646 --> 03:40:29,182 OPPORTUNITY TO TELL YOU A BIT 5074 03:40:29,249 --> 03:40:30,917 ABOUT, SINCE I MET WITH YOU LAST 5075 03:40:30,984 --> 03:40:32,252 YEAR, ABOUT THE BIG CONSORTIA 5076 03:40:32,319 --> 03:40:34,054 THAT BRAIN HAS BEEN STANDING UP 5077 03:40:34,120 --> 03:40:36,423 OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS. 5078 03:40:36,489 --> 03:40:38,491 AND I HOPE YOU CAN SEE THAT 5079 03:40:38,558 --> 03:40:40,260 WE'RE CONTRIBUTING TO THE 5080 03:40:40,327 --> 03:40:41,995 NEUROSCIENCE ENTERPRISE IN A 5081 03:40:42,062 --> 03:40:45,932 UNIQUE WAY, REALLY TO ENABLE ALL 5082 03:40:45,999 --> 03:40:47,601 THE TEN CONTRIBUTING BRAIN 5083 03:40:47,667 --> 03:40:48,335 I.C.s IN THEIR MISSIONS, I 5084 03:40:48,401 --> 03:40:51,805 THINK HOPEFULLY YOU CAN SEE HOW 5085 03:40:51,871 --> 03:40:55,442 THIS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE 5086 03:40:55,508 --> 03:40:56,009 MISSION DIRECTLY. 5087 03:40:56,076 --> 03:40:59,279 I WANT TO TOUCH ON THE BRAIN 5088 03:40:59,346 --> 03:41:00,413 INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS PROJECT, 5089 03:41:00,480 --> 03:41:02,882 AMAZING IN MY OPINION. 5090 03:41:02,949 --> 03:41:04,551 IT STARTED IN 2014, THE VERY 5091 03:41:04,618 --> 03:41:06,286 BEGINNING OF THE BRAIN 5092 03:41:06,353 --> 03:41:07,754 INITIATIVE, AS A PILOT PROJECT 5093 03:41:07,821 --> 03:41:09,789 WITH THE IDEA THAT IN ORDER TO 5094 03:41:09,856 --> 03:41:10,991 UNDERSTAND HOW THE BRAIN WORKS 5095 03:41:11,057 --> 03:41:12,959 YOU NEED TO HAVE A BETTER 5096 03:41:13,026 --> 03:41:15,095 UNDERSTANDING OF THE PIECES AND 5097 03:41:15,161 --> 03:41:17,797 PARTS THAT COMPRISE THE BRAIN, 5098 03:41:17,864 --> 03:41:20,233 ULTIMATELY THE HUMAN BRAIN. 5099 03:41:20,300 --> 03:41:22,702 THIS IS BACK IN 2014. 5100 03:41:22,769 --> 03:41:23,570 SINGLE CELL SEQUENCING WAS 5101 03:41:23,637 --> 03:41:26,473 STARTING TO TAKE OFF, ALSO 5102 03:41:26,539 --> 03:41:27,207 RECOGNITION THAT CELLULAR 5103 03:41:27,273 --> 03:41:28,508 COMPLEXITY AND THEIR FUNCTION IS 5104 03:41:28,575 --> 03:41:31,378 MORE THAN JUST ABOUT THEIR 5105 03:41:31,444 --> 03:41:31,745 TRANSCRIPTOMES. 5106 03:41:31,811 --> 03:41:34,447 SO, A DECISION WAS MADE TO START 5107 03:41:34,514 --> 03:41:36,716 THESE TEN PILOT PROJECTS TO 5108 03:41:36,783 --> 03:41:38,051 DEVELOP AND VALIDATE SCALABLE 5109 03:41:38,118 --> 03:41:42,455 TECHNOLOGIES THAT WOULD ALLOW A 5110 03:41:42,522 --> 03:41:44,424 MULTI-MODAL ANALYSIS OF THE 5111 03:41:44,491 --> 03:41:45,892 PROPERTIES AND CONNECTIONS THAT 5112 03:41:45,959 --> 03:41:47,694 CELLS AND THE BRAIN MAKE ACROSS 5113 03:41:47,761 --> 03:41:48,895 MULTIPLE SPECIES AND OVER THE 5114 03:41:48,962 --> 03:41:49,796 LIFETIME OF THE ANIMAL. 5115 03:41:49,863 --> 03:41:57,237 THIS WAS THE PILOT PHASE, 5116 03:41:57,303 --> 03:41:58,738 SO-CALLED CELL SEVEN CUSS 5117 03:41:58,805 --> 03:42:00,140 CONSORTIUM. 5118 03:42:00,206 --> 03:42:02,242 THIS SCALED UP IN 2017 THROUGH 5119 03:42:02,308 --> 03:42:04,878 2022, INTO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 5120 03:42:04,944 --> 03:42:06,780 CELL CENSUS NETWORK TO CLASSIFY 5121 03:42:06,846 --> 03:42:08,381 BRAIN CELL TYPES BASED ON 5122 03:42:08,448 --> 03:42:11,551 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF THE 5123 03:42:11,618 --> 03:42:12,085 MOLECULAR, ANATOMICAL, 5124 03:42:12,152 --> 03:42:13,186 PHYSIOLOGIC PROPERTIES. 5125 03:42:13,253 --> 03:42:15,588 THIS IN TURN GAVE WAY IN 2022 5126 03:42:15,655 --> 03:42:19,759 INTO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL 5127 03:42:19,826 --> 03:42:20,760 ATLAS NETWORK NOW SETTING SIGNS 5128 03:42:20,827 --> 03:42:23,063 ON BIG BRAINS. 5129 03:42:23,129 --> 03:42:25,799 THE MANTRA HAS BEEN THINK BIG, 5130 03:42:25,865 --> 03:42:27,400 SMART SMALL, SCALE FAST. 5131 03:42:27,467 --> 03:42:28,735 I'LL WALK YOU THROUGH THE 5132 03:42:28,802 --> 03:42:29,302 PROGRESS. 5133 03:42:29,369 --> 03:42:31,938 WALTER IN THE LAST COUNCIL 5134 03:42:32,005 --> 03:42:33,139 MEETING GAVE A BRIEF OVERVIEW. 5135 03:42:33,206 --> 03:42:35,341 I WANT TO TAKE A DEEPER DIVE 5136 03:42:35,408 --> 03:42:37,610 JUST TO GIVE YOU A FLAVOR OF HOW 5137 03:42:37,677 --> 03:42:39,813 THIS PROJECT EVOLVED AND HOW 5138 03:42:39,879 --> 03:42:46,653 IT'S INFORMING OUR OTHER MAJOR 5139 03:42:46,720 --> 03:42:47,053 MAPPING PROJECTS. 5140 03:42:47,120 --> 03:42:48,555 FIRST SCALEUP PHASE WAS IN THE 5141 03:42:48,621 --> 03:42:50,757 BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS 5142 03:42:50,824 --> 03:42:53,259 NETWORK THAT RAN FROM 2017-2022, 5143 03:42:53,326 --> 03:42:54,427 JUST CONCLUDING, STILL WRAPPING 5144 03:42:54,494 --> 03:42:54,761 UP. 5145 03:42:54,828 --> 03:42:59,165 THIS LED TO A REMARKABLE SET OF 5146 03:42:59,232 --> 03:43:00,166 PUBLICATIONS, STARTING WITH A 5147 03:43:00,233 --> 03:43:02,102 PILOT PROJECT LOOKING AT THE 5148 03:43:02,168 --> 03:43:03,970 DIVERSITY OF CELL TIMES, PRIMARY 5149 03:43:04,037 --> 03:43:06,039 MOTOR CORTEX. 5150 03:43:06,106 --> 03:43:07,240 THIS EFFORT WAS PUBLISHED AS A 5151 03:43:07,307 --> 03:43:10,643 SET OF 17 ARTICLES IN "NATURE," 5152 03:43:10,710 --> 03:43:14,481 PLUS TEN IN "NATURE" SISTER 5153 03:43:14,547 --> 03:43:15,915 JOURNALS IN OCTOBER OF 2021 5154 03:43:15,982 --> 03:43:17,650 FOLLOWED BY THIS PAST DISEASE 10 5155 03:43:17,717 --> 03:43:18,952 ARTICLES IN "NATURE," NONE 5156 03:43:19,018 --> 03:43:20,820 FUNDED BY "BRAIN." 5157 03:43:20,887 --> 03:43:23,356 ON THE WHOLE MOUSE BRAIN ATLAS, 5158 03:43:23,423 --> 03:43:24,324 A MONUMENTAL ACHIEVEMENT. 5159 03:43:24,390 --> 03:43:26,760 I'LL GO THROUGH THAT IN A 5160 03:43:26,826 --> 03:43:28,027 SECOND. 5161 03:43:28,094 --> 03:43:30,497 EARLIER LAST FALL OCTOBER 2023, 5162 03:43:30,563 --> 03:43:32,866 21 ARTICLES IN SCIENCE AND 5163 03:43:32,932 --> 03:43:35,401 SCIENCE SISTER JOURNALS 5164 03:43:35,468 --> 03:43:37,504 DESCRIBING THE FIRST 5165 03:43:37,570 --> 03:43:38,671 COMPREHENSIVE DRAFT HUMAN AND 5166 03:43:38,738 --> 03:43:40,140 NON-HUMAN PRIMATE BRAIN ATLASES. 5167 03:43:40,206 --> 03:43:42,509 LET ME WALK YOU THROUGH THE 5168 03:43:42,575 --> 03:43:46,679 PROGRESSION HERE. 5169 03:43:46,746 --> 03:43:47,680 AGAIN, INITIALLY, IN THE BICCM, 5170 03:43:47,747 --> 03:43:50,283 I PRIVILEGED TO BE A MEMBER OF 5171 03:43:50,350 --> 03:43:51,484 THAT, THE CONCERN WAS DID WE 5172 03:43:51,551 --> 03:43:52,986 HAVE TOOLS TO PUT THIS PICTURE 5173 03:43:53,052 --> 03:43:54,754 TOGETHER SO WE DECIDED TO FOCUS 5174 03:43:54,821 --> 03:43:57,190 ON A TINY PIECE OF THE BRAIN, 5175 03:43:57,257 --> 03:44:00,727 WHICH WAS THE PRIMARY MOTOR 5176 03:44:00,794 --> 03:44:02,495 CORTEX IN MICE, NON-HUMAN 5177 03:44:02,562 --> 03:44:04,164 PRIMATE, AND HUMANS. 5178 03:44:04,230 --> 03:44:06,699 SO WE CREATED A MULTI-MODAL 5179 03:44:06,766 --> 03:44:08,568 CENSUS, ATLAS OF PRIMARY MOTOR 5180 03:44:08,635 --> 03:44:11,371 CORTEX ACROSS MULTIPLE SPECIES. 5181 03:44:11,437 --> 03:44:13,640 THIS REPRESENTED A TRIUMPH OF 5182 03:44:13,706 --> 03:44:15,942 TEAM SCIENCE, REPRESENTED THE 5183 03:44:16,009 --> 03:44:19,479 WORK OF 250 RESEARCHERS, FROM 5184 03:44:19,546 --> 03:44:21,447 ALMOST 90 AFFILIATIONS, 45 5185 03:44:21,514 --> 03:44:24,184 INSTITUTIONS ACROSS THREE 5186 03:44:24,250 --> 03:44:25,618 CONTINENTS, WE LEARNED HOW TO DO 5187 03:44:25,685 --> 03:44:28,021 AND PROMOTE BIG SCIENCE, SETTING 5188 03:44:28,087 --> 03:44:30,857 THE STAGE FOR LARGER 5189 03:44:30,924 --> 03:44:31,658 COMPREHENSIVE BRAIN CELL ATLASES 5190 03:44:31,724 --> 03:44:35,028 THAT I'LL TELL YOU ABOUT IN A 5191 03:44:35,094 --> 03:44:35,528 MOMENT. 5192 03:44:35,595 --> 03:44:38,398 SO, THIS WAS FOLLOWED EVENTUALLY 5193 03:44:38,464 --> 03:44:40,166 BY THE PUBLICATION OF THE SERIES 5194 03:44:40,233 --> 03:44:42,335 OF PAPERS DESCRIBING THE MOUSE 5195 03:44:42,402 --> 03:44:45,071 BRAIN CELL ATLAS, WHERE OVER 32 5196 03:44:45,138 --> 03:44:46,739 MILLION CELLS ACROSS THE ADULT 5197 03:44:46,806 --> 03:44:48,708 MOUSE BRAIN WERE CHARACTERIZED 5198 03:44:48,775 --> 03:44:51,311 USING COMBINATION OF HIGH 5199 03:44:51,377 --> 03:44:53,079 RESOLUTION SINGLE-CELL 5200 03:44:53,146 --> 03:44:53,379 TECHNIQUES. 5201 03:44:53,446 --> 03:44:56,049 ONE CAN CLASSIFY THESE USING 5202 03:44:56,115 --> 03:44:58,651 VARIOUS STATISTICAL METHODS TO 5203 03:44:58,718 --> 03:45:00,186 FIND UP TO 5300 DISTINCT WHAT 5204 03:45:00,253 --> 03:45:03,690 YOU MIGHT CALL CELL TYPES, OF 5205 03:45:03,756 --> 03:45:10,029 BOTH NON-NEURONAL AND -- 5206 03:45:10,096 --> 03:45:14,200 NEURONAL AND NON-NEURONAL TYPES, 5207 03:45:14,267 --> 03:45:14,968 REVEALING ORGANIZATIONAL 5208 03:45:15,034 --> 03:45:18,771 PRINCIPLES, SERVING AS FRAMEWORK 5209 03:45:18,838 --> 03:45:20,006 TO MOVE FORWARD AND 5210 03:45:20,073 --> 03:45:21,841 FUNCTIONALIZE TO UNDERSTAND HOW 5211 03:45:21,908 --> 03:45:24,911 THE CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO NEURAL 5212 03:45:24,978 --> 03:45:26,913 CIRCUIT FUNCTION OF BOTH HEALTH 5213 03:45:26,980 --> 03:45:33,920 AND DISEASE. 5214 03:45:33,987 --> 03:45:35,989 A FEW TAKEAWAYS, A VAST COMPLEX 5215 03:45:36,055 --> 03:45:40,360 ACTIVE CELL TIMES, PERHAPS NOT A 5216 03:45:40,426 --> 03:45:41,561 SURPRISE GIVEN ANCIENT CHARACTER 5217 03:45:41,628 --> 03:45:43,630 OF THE SUBCORTICAL REGIONS AND 5218 03:45:43,696 --> 03:45:45,732 THE SOMEWHAT REPEATING NATURE OF 5219 03:45:45,798 --> 03:45:49,002 COMMON MOTIFS ACROSS THE CORTEX. 5220 03:45:49,068 --> 03:45:52,906 THROUGH THIS EFFORT WAS 5221 03:45:52,972 --> 03:45:54,040 DEVELOPED THESE REMARKABLE 5222 03:45:54,107 --> 03:45:54,841 SPATIAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC 5223 03:45:54,908 --> 03:45:55,808 TECHNOLOGIES TO SERVED TO PLACE 5224 03:45:55,875 --> 03:45:57,477 WHERE IN THE BRAIN THE CELL 5225 03:45:57,543 --> 03:46:00,346 TYPES EXIST BUT ALSO SERVE TO 5226 03:46:00,413 --> 03:46:04,050 VALIDATE ACTUAL EXISTENCE OF 5227 03:46:04,117 --> 03:46:04,817 THESE MAINLY TRANSCRIPTOMICALLY 5228 03:46:04,884 --> 03:46:07,620 DEFINED CELL TYPES AND USING 5229 03:46:07,687 --> 03:46:08,888 EPIGENETIC PROFILING AT THE 5230 03:46:08,955 --> 03:46:11,391 SINGLE CELL LEVEL ALLOWED US TO 5231 03:46:11,457 --> 03:46:14,127 UNDERSTAND THE GENETIC AND 5232 03:46:14,193 --> 03:46:15,995 EPIGENETIC PROGRAMS THAT SPECIFY 5233 03:46:16,062 --> 03:46:17,297 CELLULAR IDENTITY IN THE BRAIN 5234 03:46:17,363 --> 03:46:18,965 AND HOW CELL TYPES CAME TO BE 5235 03:46:19,032 --> 03:46:23,469 THROUGH EVOLUTION AS WELL AS 5236 03:46:23,536 --> 03:46:24,003 DEVELOPMENT. 5237 03:46:24,070 --> 03:46:26,205 SO THIS PROVIDES GROUND TRUTH 5238 03:46:26,272 --> 03:46:26,806 INFORMATION FOR FUNCTIONAL 5239 03:46:26,873 --> 03:46:30,243 STUDIES THAT HOPEFULLY WILL BE 5240 03:46:30,310 --> 03:46:32,445 ONGOING USING THIS INFORMATION. 5241 03:46:32,512 --> 03:46:39,352 NOW, TO THE BIG BRAINS, THE 5242 03:46:39,419 --> 03:46:42,655 DRAFT HUMAN, NON-HUMAN PRIMATE 5243 03:46:42,722 --> 03:46:45,591 BRAIN ATLAS WAS PUBLISHED, 5244 03:46:45,658 --> 03:46:46,426 MAPPED UNPRECEDENTED 5245 03:46:46,492 --> 03:46:47,760 COMPLEXITIES ACROSS SPACE, 5246 03:46:47,827 --> 03:46:49,395 SPECIES, AND TIME. 5247 03:46:49,462 --> 03:46:51,030 IT PAVES THE ROAD TO GREATER 5248 03:46:51,097 --> 03:46:52,999 UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN 5249 03:46:53,066 --> 03:46:56,069 AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL IN BOTH 5250 03:46:56,135 --> 03:46:58,571 HEALTH AND DISEASE. 5251 03:46:58,638 --> 03:47:01,074 SO THIS USHERS IN A NEW ERA OF 5252 03:47:01,140 --> 03:47:02,842 HUMAN BRAIN RESEARCH ACROSS 5253 03:47:02,909 --> 03:47:03,276 SPACE. 5254 03:47:03,343 --> 03:47:05,378 WE CAN ACTUALLY IDENTIFY WHERE 5255 03:47:05,445 --> 03:47:07,113 IN SPACE THESE DIFFERENT CELL 5256 03:47:07,180 --> 03:47:07,981 TYPES EXIST. 5257 03:47:08,047 --> 03:47:12,385 ACROSS SPECIES, THIS IS REALLY 5258 03:47:12,452 --> 03:47:13,319 COOL. 5259 03:47:13,386 --> 03:47:14,020 ANALYSIS CONDUCTED ACROSS 5260 03:47:14,087 --> 03:47:15,989 PRIMATE SPECIES INCLUDING 5261 03:47:16,055 --> 03:47:17,957 NON-HUMAN PRIMATE AND HUMANS, 5262 03:47:18,024 --> 03:47:19,359 NOT SURPRISINGLY IF YOU LOOK AT 5263 03:47:19,425 --> 03:47:21,928 DIVERSITY OF CELL TIMES AND 5264 03:47:21,995 --> 03:47:26,933 SIMILARITY ACROSS SPECIES, ARE 5265 03:47:27,000 --> 03:47:27,967 SIMILAR BETWEEN CHIMPANZEES AND 5266 03:47:28,034 --> 03:47:28,668 US. 5267 03:47:28,735 --> 03:47:31,304 IF YOU LOOK AT THE GENE SHOWING 5268 03:47:31,371 --> 03:47:32,972 THE MOST DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 5269 03:47:33,039 --> 03:47:34,574 HUMANS AND, SAY, NON-HUMAN 5270 03:47:34,640 --> 03:47:36,342 PRIMATE, THEY TEND TO CLUSTER IN 5271 03:47:36,409 --> 03:47:39,512 THESE AREAS OF HUMAN ACCELERATED 5272 03:47:39,579 --> 03:47:42,248 EVOLUTION, AND THEY INCLUDE NOT 5273 03:47:42,315 --> 03:47:43,549 TOO SURPRISINGLY GENES ENCODING 5274 03:47:43,616 --> 03:47:45,284 COMPONENTS OF THE SYNAPTIC 5275 03:47:45,351 --> 03:47:47,253 SIGNALING MACHINERY. 5276 03:47:47,320 --> 03:47:51,224 SO THERE WILL BE A LOT TO UNPACK 5277 03:47:51,290 --> 03:47:52,525 IN TERMS OF WHAT'S DRIVING 5278 03:47:52,592 --> 03:47:53,860 CHANGES THROUGH EVOLUTION AND 5279 03:47:53,926 --> 03:47:56,129 WHAT MAKES US UNIQUELY HUMAN 5280 03:47:56,195 --> 03:48:00,299 COMPARED TO OUR CLOSE RELATIVES 5281 03:48:00,366 --> 03:48:01,934 IN THE PRIMATE LINEAGE. 5282 03:48:02,001 --> 03:48:03,836 STUDIES PAVE THE WAY FOR LOOKING 5283 03:48:03,903 --> 03:48:06,639 AT CELL TYPES AS THEY DEVELOP 5284 03:48:06,706 --> 03:48:08,074 ACROSS DEVELOPMENTAL TIME, AS 5285 03:48:08,141 --> 03:48:09,275 THEY CHANGE OVER AGING. 5286 03:48:09,342 --> 03:48:11,878 THIS WILL BE REALLY IMPORTANT 5287 03:48:11,944 --> 03:48:12,345 FOR UNDERSTANDING 5288 03:48:12,412 --> 03:48:13,980 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AS 5289 03:48:14,047 --> 03:48:16,816 WELL AS FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE 5290 03:48:16,883 --> 03:48:18,017 DISORDERS, BOTH ARE PLAGUING OUR 5291 03:48:18,084 --> 03:48:18,785 SOCIETY TODAY. 5292 03:48:18,851 --> 03:48:20,119 WE'RE VERY EXCITED ABOUT THESE 5293 03:48:20,186 --> 03:48:22,288 STUDIES AND IT SETS THE STAGE 5294 03:48:22,355 --> 03:48:27,126 FOR THE BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL 5295 03:48:27,193 --> 03:48:29,195 ATLAS NETWORK TO PROVIDE 5296 03:48:29,262 --> 03:48:30,730 COMPREHENSIVE BRAIN CELL ATLASES 5297 03:48:30,797 --> 03:48:32,698 OF HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN PRIMATE 5298 03:48:32,765 --> 03:48:34,801 BRAINS, AN EFFORT JUST GETTING 5299 03:48:34,867 --> 03:48:35,134 GOING. 5300 03:48:35,201 --> 03:48:37,103 THIS LEADS ME TO BRIEFLY FRAME 5301 03:48:37,170 --> 03:48:40,306 THIS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THREE 5302 03:48:40,373 --> 03:48:41,507 BRAIN 2.0 TRANSFORMATIVE 5303 03:48:41,574 --> 03:48:42,675 PROJECTS, THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 5304 03:48:42,742 --> 03:48:43,643 CELL ATLAS NETWORK WHICH IS 5305 03:48:43,709 --> 03:48:46,612 GOING TO SCALE UP TO PUT AN 5306 03:48:46,679 --> 03:48:48,548 EMPHASIS ON HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN 5307 03:48:48,614 --> 03:48:49,682 PRIMATE BRAINS. 5308 03:48:49,749 --> 03:48:54,320 THE BRAIN CONNECTS PROGRAM 5309 03:48:54,387 --> 03:48:57,290 LOOKING TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES 5310 03:48:57,356 --> 03:49:00,560 FOR WRITING DIAGRAMS AND 5311 03:49:00,626 --> 03:49:02,395 ARMAMENTARIUM FOR PRECISION 5312 03:49:02,462 --> 03:49:04,097 BRAIN CELL ACCESS TO BUILD A 5313 03:49:04,163 --> 03:49:06,599 TOOL KIT TO ACCESS BRAIN CELL 5314 03:49:06,666 --> 03:49:08,134 TYPES BASED ON MOLECULAR 5315 03:49:08,201 --> 03:49:08,668 IDENTITIES. 5316 03:49:08,734 --> 03:49:10,570 LET ME GO THROUGH THIS QUICKLY. 5317 03:49:10,636 --> 03:49:13,840 THIS IS A NATURAL SEGUE INTO THE 5318 03:49:13,906 --> 03:49:16,809 BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL ATLAS 5319 03:49:16,876 --> 03:49:20,947 NETWORK, BICAN, BUILD ON 5320 03:49:21,013 --> 03:49:23,082 FOUNDATION OF BICCN, THE IDEA TO 5321 03:49:23,149 --> 03:49:25,118 MOVE BEYOND HAVING DATA TO BUILD 5322 03:49:25,184 --> 03:49:28,421 NEW KNOWLEDGE BASES FOR 5323 03:49:28,488 --> 03:49:29,889 NEUROSCIENCE, WITH ADVANCES IN 5324 03:49:29,956 --> 03:49:30,389 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 5325 03:49:30,456 --> 03:49:31,390 TECHNOLOGIES, I THINK WE SHOULD 5326 03:49:31,457 --> 03:49:33,426 BE ABLE TO USE THIS AS A 5327 03:49:33,493 --> 03:49:35,962 RESOURCE WE RESEARCHERS CAN BE 5328 03:49:36,028 --> 03:49:37,296 STUDYING CELL TYPES AND 5329 03:49:37,363 --> 03:49:39,499 PROPERTIES IN THEIR OWN STUDIES, 5330 03:49:39,565 --> 03:49:42,135 OWN LABORATORIES, TO USE THIS AS 5331 03:49:42,201 --> 03:49:43,436 A RESOURCE TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 5332 03:49:43,503 --> 03:49:44,403 HOW TO APPROACH THEIR PROBLEMS. 5333 03:49:44,470 --> 03:49:46,272 ALREADY THIS IS PROVIDING A 5334 03:49:46,339 --> 03:49:48,341 RESOURCE FOR I.C.-SPECIFIC 5335 03:49:48,407 --> 03:49:50,309 MISSIONS IN NIDA, NIDA STEPPED 5336 03:49:50,376 --> 03:49:52,411 UP THE SCORCH INITIATIVE WHICH 5337 03:49:52,478 --> 03:49:54,046 IS USING SINGLE CELL APPROACHES 5338 03:49:54,113 --> 03:49:55,781 TO UNDERSTAND WHAT CHANGES IN 5339 03:49:55,848 --> 03:49:59,418 THE BRAIN IN MODELS OF ADDICTION 5340 03:49:59,485 --> 03:50:00,386 AND HIV. 5341 03:50:00,453 --> 03:50:02,221 THERE'S BEEN A HUGE EFFORT 5342 03:50:02,288 --> 03:50:04,223 ONGOING IN NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON 5343 03:50:04,290 --> 03:50:05,958 AGING LOOKING AT THE CELLULAR 5344 03:50:06,025 --> 03:50:07,393 CHANGES ONGOING AT DIFFERENT 5345 03:50:07,460 --> 03:50:09,228 STAGES OF PROGRESSION AND 5346 03:50:09,295 --> 03:50:09,729 ALZHEIMER'S AND RELATED 5347 03:50:09,795 --> 03:50:12,231 DISEASES, AND THIS IS JUST AN 5348 03:50:12,298 --> 03:50:19,205 EXAMPLE OF A PROJECT LED BY 5349 03:50:19,272 --> 03:50:20,806 ALLEN INSTITUTE AND UNIVERSITY 5350 03:50:20,873 --> 03:50:23,843 OF WASHINGTON TO LOOK AT A 5351 03:50:23,910 --> 03:50:25,611 COHORT OF INDIVIDUALS WHO DIED 5352 03:50:25,678 --> 03:50:26,546 FOLLOWING ALZHEIMER'S DIAGNOSIS 5353 03:50:26,612 --> 03:50:29,749 BUT AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE 5354 03:50:29,815 --> 03:50:30,283 DISEASE. 5355 03:50:30,349 --> 03:50:31,951 THIS IS VERY EXCITING WORK TO BE 5356 03:50:32,018 --> 03:50:33,686 CONSIDERING IN THE FUTURE. 5357 03:50:33,753 --> 03:50:34,987 WE'RE HOLDING WORKSHOPS TO 5358 03:50:35,054 --> 03:50:36,956 FIGURE OUT HOW TO BETTER 5359 03:50:37,023 --> 03:50:37,557 LEVERAGE THIS INFORMATION TO 5360 03:50:37,623 --> 03:50:44,197 TURN IT INTO A KEY RESOURCE BY 5361 03:50:44,263 --> 03:50:45,498 IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES AND 5362 03:50:45,565 --> 03:50:46,933 CHALLENGES IN FRONT OF US. 5363 03:50:46,999 --> 03:50:51,737 LET ME TAKE A MOMENT TO DESCRIBE 5364 03:50:51,804 --> 03:50:55,341 THE BRAIN CONNECT ACROSS SCALES 5365 03:50:55,408 --> 03:50:55,575 PROJECT. 5366 03:50:55,641 --> 03:50:57,109 WE RECENTLY ISSUED 11 GRANTS 5367 03:50:57,176 --> 03:50:59,011 SUPPORTING RESEARCH TEAMS AND 5368 03:50:59,078 --> 03:51:00,413 COLLABORATORS ACROSS 40 5369 03:51:00,479 --> 03:51:01,347 UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH 5370 03:51:01,414 --> 03:51:02,248 INSTITUTIONS. 5371 03:51:02,315 --> 03:51:04,250 OVER THE NEXT FIVE YEARS THEIR 5372 03:51:04,317 --> 03:51:06,319 GOAL WILL BE TO LEVERAGE 5373 03:51:06,385 --> 03:51:07,720 TECHNOLOGIES TO IMAGE AND 5374 03:51:07,787 --> 03:51:16,028 ANALYZE BRAIN CONNECTIVITY ONE 5375 03:51:16,095 --> 03:51:16,896 WITH UNPARALLELED SPEED. 5376 03:51:16,963 --> 03:51:18,664 THEY WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THIS 5377 03:51:18,731 --> 03:51:20,766 TO WHOLE BRAINS. 5378 03:51:20,833 --> 03:51:22,835 FOR THE MOMENT PROJECTS WILL 5379 03:51:22,902 --> 03:51:23,936 DEVELOP MAPPING TECHNOLOGIES 5380 03:51:24,003 --> 03:51:25,805 COVERING THREE CORE AREAS. 5381 03:51:25,871 --> 03:51:28,374 THE FIRST IS WORK HORSE 5382 03:51:28,441 --> 03:51:30,042 ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY, A LOT 5383 03:51:30,109 --> 03:51:33,112 PIONEERED THROUGH THE MICRONS 5384 03:51:33,179 --> 03:51:35,848 EXPLORER PROJECT FUNDED BY 5385 03:51:35,915 --> 03:51:36,048 IARPA. 5386 03:51:36,115 --> 03:51:38,351 ANOTHER AREA WILL FOCUS ON USING 5387 03:51:38,417 --> 03:51:40,786 MOLECULAR SEQUENCING TOOLS TO 5388 03:51:40,853 --> 03:51:42,655 GIVE US GREATER THROUGHPUT BUT 5389 03:51:42,722 --> 03:51:45,691 ALSO INFORMATION ABOUT MOLECULAR 5390 03:51:45,758 --> 03:51:46,359 IDENTITY. 5391 03:51:46,425 --> 03:51:47,793 FINALLY SOME NOVEL OPTICAL 5392 03:51:47,860 --> 03:51:50,296 TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLOW FOR LONG 5393 03:51:50,363 --> 03:51:52,031 DISTANCE HIGHER RESOLUTION 5394 03:51:52,098 --> 03:51:53,733 MAPPING, HUMANS AND NON-HUMAN 5395 03:51:53,799 --> 03:51:54,166 PRIMATES. 5396 03:51:54,233 --> 03:51:59,905 LET ME GIVE YOU BACKGROUND. 5397 03:51:59,972 --> 03:52:02,675 ALONG THE IDEA OF THINK BIG, 5398 03:52:02,742 --> 03:52:04,677 START SMALL, SCALE FAST, SIMILAR 5399 03:52:04,744 --> 03:52:06,846 TO THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 5400 03:52:06,912 --> 03:52:09,115 WHERE SEQUENCING MODELS SYSTEMS 5401 03:52:09,181 --> 03:52:11,083 OF SMALLER GENOMES HELPED 5402 03:52:11,150 --> 03:52:13,185 DEVELOPED TOOLS REQUIRED TO 5403 03:52:13,252 --> 03:52:15,187 TACKLE LARGER MORE COMPLEX HUMAN 5404 03:52:15,254 --> 03:52:19,525 GENOME, THE FLY CONNECT 5405 03:52:19,592 --> 03:52:25,031 CONNECTOME IS THE FORERUNNER. 5406 03:52:25,097 --> 03:52:28,401 THE FLYWIRE GROUP REVEALED A MAP 5407 03:52:28,467 --> 03:52:32,672 OF THE FRUIT FLY BRAIN. 5408 03:52:32,738 --> 03:52:35,508 DROSOPHILA CONNECTOME IS 5409 03:52:35,574 --> 03:52:37,276 ALLOWING FOLKS TO STUDY CIRCUIT 5410 03:52:37,343 --> 03:52:39,979 BASES OF BEHAVIOR AND BETTER 5411 03:52:40,046 --> 03:52:41,781 FRAME THEIR HYPOTHESES TO 5412 03:52:41,847 --> 03:52:51,624 FALSIFY OR TRUTHIPHY THEM, A LOT 5413 03:52:51,691 --> 03:52:52,792 OF GREAT TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDING 5414 03:52:52,858 --> 03:52:54,894 MACHINE LEARNING FOR 5415 03:52:54,960 --> 03:52:55,428 SEGMENTATION AND ANALYSIS, 5416 03:52:55,494 --> 03:52:56,962 INTERESTINGLY TO USE THIS AS 5417 03:52:57,029 --> 03:52:58,798 OPEN SOURCE TOOL THAT ALLOWS 5418 03:52:58,864 --> 03:53:01,467 PEOPLE TO COME IN, IN A CITIZEN 5419 03:53:01,534 --> 03:53:04,303 SCIENCE KIND OF WAY TO ASSIST IN 5420 03:53:04,370 --> 03:53:06,038 PROOF READING, THE BOTTLENECK 5421 03:53:06,105 --> 03:53:07,807 FOR THIS PROCESS. 5422 03:53:07,873 --> 03:53:09,709 WHAT'S COOL IS PEOPLE ARE 5423 03:53:09,775 --> 03:53:12,278 ALREADY REFERRING TO THE WORK IN 5424 03:53:12,345 --> 03:53:14,480 THE BEFORE CONNECTOME VERSUS 5425 03:53:14,547 --> 03:53:15,247 AFTER CONNECTOME ERAS BECAUSE 5426 03:53:15,314 --> 03:53:19,285 THEY CAN USE THIS INFORMATION TO 5427 03:53:19,352 --> 03:53:23,556 FRAME AND BETTER UNDERSTAND 5428 03:53:23,622 --> 03:53:24,757 HYPOTHESES THEIR TRYING TO TEST. 5429 03:53:24,824 --> 03:53:29,695 THIS IS A DROSOPHILA TINY BRAIN. 5430 03:53:29,762 --> 03:53:34,800 JUST RECENTLY LAST WEEK JEFF 5431 03:53:34,867 --> 03:53:36,669 LITMAN'S GROUP PUBLISHED THIS 5432 03:53:36,736 --> 03:53:37,903 REPRESENTING ONE CUBIC 5433 03:53:37,970 --> 03:53:39,405 MILLIMETER OF HUMAN TEMPORAL 5434 03:53:39,472 --> 03:53:41,374 CORTEX THAT BEAUTIFULLY SPANS 5435 03:53:41,440 --> 03:53:43,342 ALL SIX CORTICAL LAYERS, 5436 03:53:43,409 --> 03:53:45,111 OCCUPIES OVER A PETABYTE OF 5437 03:53:45,177 --> 03:53:46,145 DATA. 5438 03:53:46,212 --> 03:53:51,217 SO A HOW TERABYTES. 5439 03:53:51,283 --> 03:53:53,886 57,000 CELLS, 230 MILLIMETERS OF 5440 03:53:53,953 --> 03:53:57,123 BLOOD VESSELS, 150 MILLION 5441 03:53:57,189 --> 03:53:57,690 SYNAPSES. 5442 03:53:57,757 --> 03:53:59,392 THE VIEWS ARE STAGGERING. 5443 03:53:59,458 --> 03:54:03,729 YOU CAN LEARN A LOT BY LOOKING, 5444 03:54:03,796 --> 03:54:05,531 TO PARAPHRASE YOGA BEER A, CAN 5445 03:54:05,598 --> 03:54:07,299 SEE PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL 5446 03:54:07,366 --> 03:54:12,338 CELLS, SYNAPSES WITH EACH OTHER, 5447 03:54:12,405 --> 03:54:15,508 AND AGAIN DEVELOPING 5448 03:54:15,574 --> 03:54:17,143 METHODOLOGIES TO CAPTURE, 5449 03:54:17,209 --> 03:54:17,910 ANNOTATE, RECONSTRUCT, AND 5450 03:54:17,977 --> 03:54:19,011 ANALYZE THIS INFORMATION. 5451 03:54:19,078 --> 03:54:21,180 THIS WAS A CLOSE COLLABORATION 5452 03:54:21,247 --> 03:54:23,582 BETWEEN THE LICHTMAN LAB AT 5453 03:54:23,649 --> 03:54:25,618 HARVARD AND THE JAMES GROUP AT 5454 03:54:25,684 --> 03:54:28,521 GOOGLE RESEARCH, PART OF THE 5455 03:54:28,587 --> 03:54:29,622 CONNECTS PROGRAM, AMONG THOSE 11 5456 03:54:29,688 --> 03:54:30,923 GRANTS I MENTIONED. 5457 03:54:30,990 --> 03:54:32,091 WE'RE HOPEFUL THAT THIS CAN BE 5458 03:54:32,158 --> 03:54:33,426 SCALED UP. 5459 03:54:33,492 --> 03:54:38,230 THIS IS A CUBIC MILLIMETER OF 5460 03:54:38,297 --> 03:54:44,837 HUMAN CORTEX, AN ENTIRE MOUSE 5461 03:54:44,904 --> 03:54:46,472 RAIN IS, WE HAVE THREE ORDERS TO 5462 03:54:46,539 --> 03:54:49,442 SCALE UP. 5463 03:54:49,508 --> 03:54:51,210 GIVEN THE PROGRESS, I HAVE HIGH 5464 03:54:51,277 --> 03:54:52,845 HOPES WE'LL GET THERE IN THE 5465 03:54:52,912 --> 03:54:54,046 NEXT FEW YEARS. 5466 03:54:54,113 --> 03:54:56,782 >> JOHN, TIM HAD A QUESTION. 5467 03:54:56,849 --> 03:54:57,049 >> OKAY. 5468 03:54:57,116 --> 03:55:00,820 TIM, HOLD ON TILL I GET DONE. 5469 03:55:00,886 --> 03:55:02,688 >> I WAS GOING TO WAIT. 5470 03:55:02,755 --> 03:55:03,489 >> DIDN'T KNOW. 5471 03:55:03,556 --> 03:55:05,758 >> OKAY, YOU CAN WAIT? 5472 03:55:05,825 --> 03:55:06,158 >> ABSOLUTELY. 5473 03:55:06,225 --> 03:55:06,959 >> HOLD YOUR HORSES, MAN, I'LL 5474 03:55:07,026 --> 03:55:08,294 GET TO YOU. 5475 03:55:08,360 --> 03:55:10,329 >> THE THIRD AND FINAL PROJECT 5476 03:55:10,396 --> 03:55:13,732 IS THE ARMAMENTARIUM FOR 5477 03:55:13,799 --> 03:55:15,935 PRECISION BRAIN CELL AXIS TO 5478 03:55:16,001 --> 03:55:17,803 LEVERAGE INFORMATION OUT OF THE 5479 03:55:17,870 --> 03:55:20,539 CELL CENSUS PROJECT TO TEST IN A 5480 03:55:20,606 --> 03:55:28,280 MORE PRECISE WAY HIGH -- 5481 03:55:28,347 --> 03:55:29,048 HYPOTHESES, CONTRIBUTING TO 5482 03:55:29,114 --> 03:55:30,049 NEUROCIRCUIT FUNCTION, I HOPE 5483 03:55:30,115 --> 03:55:31,784 YOU CAN SEE THEY WORK 5484 03:55:31,851 --> 03:55:35,621 SYNERGISTICALLY TOGETHER. 5485 03:55:35,688 --> 03:55:38,991 THE IDEA HERE IS TO PUSH THIS 5486 03:55:39,058 --> 03:55:41,293 PROJECT ACROSS THREE OVERLAPPING 5487 03:55:41,360 --> 03:55:42,361 AND MUTUALLY REINFORCING 5488 03:55:42,428 --> 03:55:42,795 DOMAINS. 5489 03:55:42,862 --> 03:55:44,797 ONE TO DEVELOP BETTER ACCESS 5490 03:55:44,864 --> 03:55:47,466 TOOLS TO CELL TYPES ACROSS 5491 03:55:47,533 --> 03:55:51,804 MULTIPLE SPECIES AND BRAINS. 5492 03:55:51,871 --> 03:55:54,039 TO DEVELOP BETTER MOLECULAR 5493 03:55:54,106 --> 03:55:55,107 PAYLOADS, OPTOGENETIC, 5494 03:55:55,174 --> 03:55:56,642 CHEMOGENETIC OR GENE EDITORS, 5495 03:55:56,709 --> 03:55:59,478 AND VERY IMPORTANTLY TO 5496 03:55:59,545 --> 03:56:00,579 DISSEMINATE TOOLS OUT, 5497 03:56:00,646 --> 03:56:02,748 RESEARCHERS CAN USE THEM TO 5498 03:56:02,815 --> 03:56:05,184 SUPPORT WHAT'S REALLY A GREAT 5499 03:56:05,251 --> 03:56:07,386 OPPORTUNITY IN OUR CIRCUITS 5500 03:56:07,453 --> 03:56:08,888 PORTFOLIO, ALSO ACROSS THE 5501 03:56:08,954 --> 03:56:11,490 ENTIRE DOMAIN OF NEUROSCIENCE. 5502 03:56:11,557 --> 03:56:14,360 WE'VE ISSUES A SERIES OF U01 5503 03:56:14,426 --> 03:56:20,399 PILOT PROJECTS TO DEVELOP 5504 03:56:20,466 --> 03:56:21,066 EFFECTIVE ACCESS TOOLS, SPILLING 5505 03:56:21,133 --> 03:56:24,870 OUT OF THE CELL CENSUS PROJECT. 5506 03:56:24,937 --> 03:56:28,240 WE'RE STARTING TO STAND UP UM1 5507 03:56:28,307 --> 03:56:34,013 LARGE TEAM PROJECTS TO DEVELOP 5508 03:56:34,079 --> 03:56:35,414 MORE EFFECTIVE PAYLOADS, AND 5509 03:56:35,481 --> 03:56:36,081 DISSEMINATION IS IMPORTANT, 5510 03:56:36,148 --> 03:56:37,583 STANDING UP WAYS TO GET THESE 5511 03:56:37,650 --> 03:56:39,018 REGIONS OUT FOR THE BENEFIT OF 5512 03:56:39,084 --> 03:56:39,351 ALL. 5513 03:56:39,418 --> 03:56:41,754 THIS IS JUST A QUICK SUMMARY OF 5514 03:56:41,820 --> 03:56:44,924 THE U01 GRANTS WE'RE FUNDING 5515 03:56:44,990 --> 03:56:45,190 CURRENTLY. 5516 03:56:45,257 --> 03:56:49,528 FOCUSING SO FAR STILL ONLY ON 5517 03:56:49,595 --> 03:56:50,129 ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS, STILL 5518 03:56:50,195 --> 03:56:51,730 THE WORKHORSE IN THE GENE 5519 03:56:51,797 --> 03:56:52,831 THERAPY WORLD, NO ACCIDENT WHY 5520 03:56:52,898 --> 03:56:55,568 WE'RE IN THAT SPACE. 5521 03:56:55,634 --> 03:56:57,636 FOCUSING ON CAPSID DESIGN AS 5522 03:56:57,703 --> 03:57:00,940 WELL AS GENE REGULATORY 5523 03:57:01,006 --> 03:57:01,240 ELEMENTS. 5524 03:57:01,307 --> 03:57:03,442 SO FAR THE GROUP HAS BEEN 5525 03:57:03,509 --> 03:57:04,743 REMARKABLY PRODUCTIVE PUBLISHING 5526 03:57:04,810 --> 03:57:06,078 COOL PAPERS, AND I UNDERSTAND 5527 03:57:06,145 --> 03:57:07,613 THERE'S A PACKAGE BEING PUT 5528 03:57:07,680 --> 03:57:08,814 TOGETHER AND WE'LL HEAR MORE 5529 03:57:08,881 --> 03:57:12,518 ABOUT THAT WHEN IT'S PUBLISHED. 5530 03:57:12,585 --> 03:57:16,922 WE HAVE THE PENDING MOLECULAR 5531 03:57:16,989 --> 03:57:18,657 PAYLOADS, UM1 COMING UP. 5532 03:57:18,724 --> 03:57:20,192 IN TERMS OF DISSEMINATION WE'VE 5533 03:57:20,259 --> 03:57:22,161 SET UP AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT 5534 03:57:22,227 --> 03:57:27,766 TO TEAM UP THE U01 DEVELOPERS 5535 03:57:27,833 --> 03:57:29,368 TOGETHER WITH MINORITY-SERVING 5536 03:57:29,435 --> 03:57:31,370 INSTITUTIONS TO NOT ONLY 5537 03:57:31,437 --> 03:57:32,738 DISTRIBUTE THESE VECTORS, NEW 5538 03:57:32,805 --> 03:57:34,607 VECTORS FOR OTHERS TO USE, BUT 5539 03:57:34,673 --> 03:57:36,375 ALSO TO BE INVOLVED IN THE 5540 03:57:36,442 --> 03:57:39,011 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND 5541 03:57:39,078 --> 03:57:40,212 OPTIMIZATION OF THESE REAGENTS. 5542 03:57:40,279 --> 03:57:43,048 SO FAR WE HAVE A NICE 5543 03:57:43,115 --> 03:57:44,016 COLLABORATION BETWEEN ANDY 5544 03:57:44,083 --> 03:57:46,785 STEELE'S GROUP AT CAL POLY 5545 03:57:46,852 --> 03:57:49,088 POMONA, WITH VIVIAN A'S GROUP AT 5546 03:57:49,154 --> 03:57:52,658 CAL TECH, AND ALSO ONE BETWEEN 5547 03:57:52,725 --> 03:57:56,428 THE GROUP AT THE BROAD INSTITUTE 5548 03:57:56,495 --> 03:57:59,064 AND THE LAB AT U.C. IRVINE, 5549 03:57:59,131 --> 03:58:00,599 LACKING UP TO STANDING UP MORE 5550 03:58:00,666 --> 03:58:02,101 AS WE MOVE FORWARD. 5551 03:58:02,167 --> 03:58:03,969 THERE ARE VARIOUS WAYS OF 5552 03:58:04,036 --> 03:58:04,970 GETTING REAGENTS OUT. 5553 03:58:05,037 --> 03:58:09,775 BRAIN INITIATIVE HAS ITS OWN 5554 03:58:09,842 --> 03:58:12,344 PAGE ON ADDGENE, A GREAT WAY TO 5555 03:58:12,411 --> 03:58:14,279 GET THESE OUT IN THE REAL WORLD, 5556 03:58:14,346 --> 03:58:16,682 AND SUPPORTING A NUMBER OF VIRAL 5557 03:58:16,749 --> 03:58:17,783 CORES AROUND THE COUNTRY. 5558 03:58:17,850 --> 03:58:18,651 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THAT. 5559 03:58:18,717 --> 03:58:21,286 WITH THAT I WILL JUST END BY 5560 03:58:21,353 --> 03:58:22,388 JUST REMINDING YOU, YOU CAN STAY 5561 03:58:22,454 --> 03:58:24,790 UP TO DATE WITH WHAT WE'RE DOING 5562 03:58:24,857 --> 03:58:27,626 AT BRAIN THROUGH THESE VARIOUS 5563 03:58:27,693 --> 03:58:28,093 CHANNELS. 5564 03:58:28,160 --> 03:58:31,463 IF YOU SUBSCRIBE TO THE BRAIN 5565 03:58:31,530 --> 03:58:33,298 BLOG, WE PROMISE NOT TO SPAM YOU 5566 03:58:33,365 --> 03:58:35,834 TOO HEAVILY BUT IT'S IMPORTANT 5567 03:58:35,901 --> 03:58:36,802 WITH THIS TOUGH FUNDING 5568 03:58:36,869 --> 03:58:38,237 ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE TO STAY 5569 03:58:38,303 --> 03:58:39,938 UP TO DATE TO KNOW WHERE THE 5570 03:58:40,005 --> 03:58:41,206 BEST FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES WOULD 5571 03:58:41,273 --> 03:58:42,841 BE FOR THEM. 5572 03:58:42,908 --> 03:58:46,345 AND WITH THAT, I WILL STOP AND 5573 03:58:46,412 --> 03:58:49,581 TAKE TIM'S QUESTION. 5574 03:58:56,789 --> 03:58:58,257 >> FIRST, JOHN, CONGRATULATIONS, 5575 03:58:58,323 --> 03:59:01,794 MUST BE SATISFYING TO HELP STEER 5576 03:59:01,860 --> 03:59:02,861 A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM. 5577 03:59:02,928 --> 03:59:05,297 QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE 5578 03:59:05,364 --> 03:59:06,498 PROGRESS ON CONNECTOMES, MIND 5579 03:59:06,565 --> 03:59:07,900 BLOWING IN MANY WAYS, BUT 5580 03:59:07,966 --> 03:59:09,435 THERE'S A BIG INFORMATION GAP 5581 03:59:09,501 --> 03:59:11,103 FOR SOMEONE LIKE ME AS A SYNAPSE 5582 03:59:11,170 --> 03:59:12,705 PERSON THAT HOW DO I INTERPRET 5583 03:59:12,771 --> 03:59:15,441 THESE, HOW WOULD I INTERPRET 5584 03:59:15,507 --> 03:59:17,209 THEM, WE KNOW FROM ALL SPECIES 5585 03:59:17,276 --> 03:59:19,178 STUDIES THE BEST WAY TO MODULATE 5586 03:59:19,244 --> 03:59:23,415 HOW WELL A SYNAPSE WORKS TO 5587 03:59:23,482 --> 03:59:24,416 GENERALLY DO GPCR SIGNALING, 5588 03:59:24,483 --> 03:59:26,151 THAT'S THE POTENT WAY YOU TURN A 5589 03:59:26,218 --> 03:59:28,220 SYNAPSE ON, MAKE IT BETTER, SHUT 5590 03:59:28,287 --> 03:59:29,354 IT OFF. 5591 03:59:29,421 --> 03:59:31,757 THIS IS A GAP, IT'S NOT IN ANY 5592 03:59:31,824 --> 03:59:33,258 OF OUR DATASETS YET. 5593 03:59:33,325 --> 03:59:34,927 HAVE YOU GUYS DISCUSSED WAYS, I 5594 03:59:34,993 --> 03:59:37,529 KNOW IT'S NOT A TRIVIAL PROBLEM, 5595 03:59:37,596 --> 03:59:39,298 WHY IT'S NOT DONE, BUT ARE YOU 5596 03:59:39,364 --> 03:59:43,235 THINKING HOW THAT'S GOING TO BE 5597 03:59:43,302 --> 03:59:43,469 TACKLED? 5598 03:59:43,535 --> 03:59:45,871 >> WELL, LOOK, THE PHYSICAL MAP, 5599 03:59:45,938 --> 03:59:48,407 RIGHT, THIS IS GOING TO BE 5600 03:59:48,474 --> 03:59:49,208 STATIC, WHAT I CONSIDER 5601 03:59:49,274 --> 03:59:50,909 NECESSARY BUT NOT SUFFICIENT TO 5602 03:59:50,976 --> 03:59:52,678 UNDERSTAND HOW A SIGNAL WORKS IN 5603 03:59:52,745 --> 03:59:53,679 THE BRAIN. 5604 03:59:53,746 --> 03:59:55,314 SO, WHAT'S REALLY COOL BUT ALSO 5605 03:59:55,380 --> 03:59:57,182 KIND OF A LITTLE BIT 5606 03:59:57,249 --> 03:59:58,150 INTIMIDATING AND SCARY, THERE 5607 03:59:58,217 --> 04:00:00,052 HAVE BEEN SOME COOL PAPERS 5608 04:00:00,119 --> 04:00:02,221 COMING OUT OF C. ELEGANS SHOWING 5609 04:00:02,287 --> 04:00:04,423 MOST OF THE SIGNALING ISN'T 5610 04:00:04,490 --> 04:00:06,125 SYNAPTIC, JUST SO MUCH 5611 04:00:06,191 --> 04:00:09,394 NEUROMODULATORY SIGNALING GOING 5612 04:00:09,461 --> 04:00:10,028 ON THROUGH NEUROPEPTIDES, WHICH 5613 04:00:10,095 --> 04:00:10,963 CONNECT AT A DISTANCE. 5614 04:00:11,029 --> 04:00:13,799 THIS IS A NECESSARY STEP FOR US 5615 04:00:13,866 --> 04:00:15,634 TO START CHIPPING AWAY. 5616 04:00:15,701 --> 04:00:16,535 LIKE THE CELL CENSUS PROJECT 5617 04:00:16,602 --> 04:00:20,906 JUST BECAUSE YOU KNOW WHAT 5618 04:00:20,973 --> 04:00:22,341 GENES, WHAT RNA TRANSCRIPTS ARE 5619 04:00:22,407 --> 04:00:24,409 EXPRESSED DOESN'T TELL YOU WHAT 5620 04:00:24,476 --> 04:00:26,044 THE CELL IS DOING BUT IS A 5621 04:00:26,111 --> 04:00:26,979 NECESSARY COMPONENT. 5622 04:00:27,045 --> 04:00:28,981 >> I'M APPLAUDING WHERE YOU ARE 5623 04:00:29,047 --> 04:00:30,983 BUT I KNOW TO GO FURTHER WE'LL 5624 04:00:31,049 --> 04:00:33,485 NEED THESE OTHER LAYERS. 5625 04:00:33,552 --> 04:00:34,019 >> ABSOLUTELY. 5626 04:00:34,086 --> 04:00:34,319 ABSOLUTELY. 5627 04:00:34,386 --> 04:00:35,788 AND HOPEFULLY THIS WILL INSPIRE 5628 04:00:35,854 --> 04:00:40,092 OTHERS TO DIG IN AND FIND THOSE 5629 04:00:40,159 --> 04:00:43,529 OTHER WAYS TOO, YEP. 5630 04:00:43,595 --> 04:00:44,029 >> THANKS. 5631 04:00:44,096 --> 04:00:49,134 >> OTHER QUESTIONS FOR JOHN? 5632 04:00:49,201 --> 04:00:50,035 HANK? 5633 04:00:50,102 --> 04:00:53,205 >> YEAH, I REALLY ENJOYED THAT. 5634 04:00:53,272 --> 04:00:55,374 TALK ABOUT GAPS, WE'RE HAVING A 5635 04:00:55,440 --> 04:00:58,043 TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF DATA BEING 5636 04:00:58,110 --> 04:00:59,411 GENERATED IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAT 5637 04:00:59,478 --> 04:01:01,747 PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO TAP INTO. 5638 04:01:01,814 --> 04:01:05,017 THE REALITY IS MOST SCIENTISTS 5639 04:01:05,083 --> 04:01:07,152 HAVE THEIR SORT OF DIFFICULTY 5640 04:01:07,219 --> 04:01:08,821 GETTING TO A NEW KIND OF 5641 04:01:08,887 --> 04:01:10,589 SCIENCE, AND SO I'M THINKING 5642 04:01:10,656 --> 04:01:13,425 ABOUT I DEAL WITH THIS ALL THE 5643 04:01:13,492 --> 04:01:15,194 TIME, THINKING ABOUT GENETICS, 5644 04:01:15,260 --> 04:01:21,967 HOW DO GENETICISTS DO FUNCTIONAL 5645 04:01:22,034 --> 04:01:22,301 GENETICS. 5646 04:01:22,367 --> 04:01:29,308 MAYBE A QUESTION FOR WALTER, 5647 04:01:29,374 --> 04:01:30,275 THINK ABOUT MANY NON-R01 5648 04:01:30,342 --> 04:01:32,611 PROGRAMS AROUND THE COUNTRY, HOW 5649 04:01:32,678 --> 04:01:34,880 DO WE EDUCATE PEOPLE TO USE 5650 04:01:34,947 --> 04:01:36,215 DATASETS BEGINNING TO EMERGE, 5651 04:01:36,281 --> 04:01:41,320 WHETHER ATLAS OR BRAIN CELLS, 5652 04:01:41,386 --> 04:01:41,920 EXPRESSION PATTERNS, 5653 04:01:41,987 --> 04:01:42,554 DISEASE-RELATED THINGS, WITHOUT 5654 04:01:42,621 --> 04:01:44,089 MUCH MONEY THEY COULD TAKE BRAIN 5655 04:01:44,156 --> 04:01:45,324 IT WILLENT AND PUT IT TOWARD 5656 04:01:45,390 --> 04:01:48,460 THIS BUT I DON'T KNOW IF WE'RE 5657 04:01:48,527 --> 04:01:49,061 CREATING EDUCATIONAL TRAINING 5658 04:01:49,127 --> 04:01:50,429 PROGRAMS TO ALLOW PEOPLE TO DO 5659 04:01:50,495 --> 04:01:50,629 THAT. 5660 04:01:50,696 --> 04:01:52,331 ARE WE MISSING AN OPPORTUNITY 5661 04:01:52,397 --> 04:01:52,531 THERE? 5662 04:01:52,598 --> 04:01:53,699 >> WELL, THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY 5663 04:01:53,765 --> 04:01:57,236 THAT WE'RE TRYING TO GRAB ONTO, 5664 04:01:57,302 --> 04:01:57,769 ABSOLUTELY. 5665 04:01:57,836 --> 04:01:58,770 A COUPLE WAYS. 5666 04:01:58,837 --> 04:02:02,708 ONE IS I THINK AS THESE STUDIES 5667 04:02:02,774 --> 04:02:03,575 BECOME MORE COMMONPLACE THERE 5668 04:02:03,642 --> 04:02:06,745 WILL BE I HOPE BY SOME NATURE, 5669 04:02:06,812 --> 04:02:08,680 SOME KIND OF DEMOCRATIZATION. 5670 04:02:08,747 --> 04:02:11,116 AS AN EXAMPLE, ONE HUGE BENEFIT 5671 04:02:11,183 --> 04:02:12,551 OF HAVING THESE COMPREHENSIVE 5672 04:02:12,618 --> 04:02:15,187 CELL ATLASES IS THAT IF YOU WANT 5673 04:02:15,254 --> 04:02:16,955 TO UNDERSTAND THE CELL TYPES AND 5674 04:02:17,022 --> 04:02:18,090 PROPERTIES WITHIN YOUR AREA OF 5675 04:02:18,156 --> 04:02:19,024 INTEREST, YOU DON'T NEED TO 5676 04:02:19,091 --> 04:02:21,193 SEQUENCE THE SAME DATA. 5677 04:02:21,260 --> 04:02:22,194 IN FACT, THE CONSORTIUM HAS 5678 04:02:22,261 --> 04:02:25,931 SHOWN YOU CAN DO SOME FAIRLY 5679 04:02:25,998 --> 04:02:27,099 SHALLOW ANALYSIS AND THEN USE 5680 04:02:27,165 --> 04:02:29,301 THAT TO GO INTO THE BIGGER 5681 04:02:29,368 --> 04:02:32,137 DATASET TO ASK WHAT'S THERE. 5682 04:02:32,204 --> 04:02:34,006 YOU CAN IMPUTE AND INFER A LOT. 5683 04:02:34,072 --> 04:02:34,973 THAT'S ONE PART. 5684 04:02:35,040 --> 04:02:36,408 YOU'RE RIGHT, THE ISSUE IS HOW 5685 04:02:36,475 --> 04:02:38,043 DO YOU GET PEOPLE TO ACTUALLY 5686 04:02:38,110 --> 04:02:40,779 COME ON BOARD AND ADOPT THESE 5687 04:02:40,846 --> 04:02:41,013 THINGS. 5688 04:02:41,079 --> 04:02:42,214 BRAIN HAS A DISSEMINATION 5689 04:02:42,281 --> 04:02:45,517 PROGRAM, WE'RE DOING OUR BEST TO 5690 04:02:45,584 --> 04:02:46,885 SUPPORT VARIOUS PROGRAMS. 5691 04:02:46,952 --> 04:02:51,823 WE FUNDED SOME FOLKS LIKE JEFF 5692 04:02:51,890 --> 04:02:53,258 LICHTMAN TO LEARN HOW TO DO THE 5693 04:02:53,325 --> 04:02:54,459 STUFF. 5694 04:02:54,526 --> 04:02:58,063 WE HAVE OTHER COURSES AND 5695 04:02:58,130 --> 04:03:00,933 DISSEMINATION GROUPS THAT RUN 5696 04:03:00,999 --> 04:03:01,800 COURSES, COUPLE-WEEK WORKSHOPS 5697 04:03:01,867 --> 04:03:05,103 TO GET THESE THINGS OUT. 5698 04:03:05,170 --> 04:03:07,506 YOU'RE GOING TO SEE A CONCEPT 5699 04:03:07,572 --> 04:03:08,907 CLEARANCE I THINK FOR TRYING TO 5700 04:03:08,974 --> 04:03:12,144 FIGURE OUT A WAY TO ENCOURAGE 5701 04:03:12,210 --> 04:03:17,382 THESE TOOLS TO BE ADOPTED BY 5702 04:03:17,449 --> 04:03:18,016 INVESTIGATORS AND 5703 04:03:18,083 --> 04:03:19,318 RESOURCE-LIMITED INSTITUTIONS. 5704 04:03:19,384 --> 04:03:21,920 CHIPPING AWAY PIECE BY PIECE, I 5705 04:03:21,987 --> 04:03:23,922 MENTIONED THIS EXPERIMENT THAT 5706 04:03:23,989 --> 04:03:27,626 WE'RE DOING BY TEAMING UP OUR 5707 04:03:27,693 --> 04:03:29,628 ARMAMENTARIUM TOOL DEVELOPERS 5708 04:03:29,695 --> 04:03:30,595 TOGETHER WITH MINORITY-SERVING 5709 04:03:30,662 --> 04:03:32,998 INSTITUTIONS, NOT JUST TO HAVE 5710 04:03:33,065 --> 04:03:37,069 THEM GRIND UP FOR PEOPLE BUT 5711 04:03:37,135 --> 04:03:38,036 PARTAKE IN RESEARCH AND 5712 04:03:38,103 --> 04:03:38,337 DEVELOPMENT. 5713 04:03:38,403 --> 04:03:39,237 EVERY LITTLE BIT COUNTS. 5714 04:03:39,304 --> 04:03:40,806 WE'RE GOING TO WIN THIS WAR ONE 5715 04:03:40,872 --> 04:03:42,007 PIECE AT A TIME. 5716 04:03:42,074 --> 04:03:43,408 THESE ARE ISSUES THAT WE'RE 5717 04:03:43,475 --> 04:03:44,810 CONCERNED ABOUT, IF WE CAN'T GET 5718 04:03:44,876 --> 04:03:46,211 THESE RESOURCES IN THE PEOPLE'S 5719 04:03:46,278 --> 04:03:48,180 HANDS YOU HAVE TO ASK WHAT GOOD 5720 04:03:48,246 --> 04:03:49,915 ARE THEY, RIGHT? 5721 04:03:49,982 --> 04:03:51,116 HOPEFULLY SLOWLY BUT SURELY 5722 04:03:51,183 --> 04:03:53,085 WE'LL START GETTING THERE. 5723 04:03:53,151 --> 04:03:55,921 IT CAN'T COME SOON ENOUGH OF 5724 04:03:55,988 --> 04:03:56,154 COURSE. 5725 04:03:56,221 --> 04:03:56,989 WE'RE ALREADY STARTING TO SEE 5726 04:03:57,055 --> 04:03:59,958 VARIOUS I.C.s TAKE THE BALL 5727 04:04:00,025 --> 04:04:00,659 AND START RUNNING, ACTUALLY 5728 04:04:00,726 --> 04:04:02,794 STARTING TO PUT THE ADVANCES 5729 04:04:02,861 --> 04:04:04,896 THAT WE'VE DEVELOPED IN "BRAIN" 5730 04:04:04,963 --> 04:04:07,265 OVER A FEW SHORT YEARS INTO 5731 04:04:07,332 --> 04:04:08,166 ONGOING PROJECTS. 5732 04:04:08,233 --> 04:04:10,135 SOME OF THESE THINGS IN LESS FAN 5733 04:04:10,202 --> 04:04:12,004 FIVE YEARS ARE ALREADY SEEING 5734 04:04:12,070 --> 04:04:14,272 TOOLS POP UP WITHIN THESE MAJOR 5735 04:04:14,339 --> 04:04:15,540 INITIATIVES WITHIN OTHER 5736 04:04:15,607 --> 04:04:15,841 I.C.s. 5737 04:04:15,907 --> 04:04:18,910 SO WE'RE JUST HOPING TO 5738 04:04:18,977 --> 04:04:20,212 ACCELERATE THE WHOLE PROCESS, 5739 04:04:20,278 --> 04:04:26,318 HOPEFULLY WE'LL BE PULLING MORE 5740 04:04:26,385 --> 04:04:27,753 PEOPLE ALONG WITH THIS. 5741 04:04:27,819 --> 04:04:30,088 >> WHERE CAN WE FIND THESE 5742 04:04:30,155 --> 04:04:31,490 COURSES YOU MENTIONED, JOHN? 5743 04:04:31,556 --> 04:04:33,358 >> JUST GO TO BRAIN.GOV. 5744 04:04:33,425 --> 04:04:35,127 WE HAVE THE SNAZZY NEW WEBSITE. 5745 04:04:35,193 --> 04:04:37,729 IF YOU CAN'T FIND WHAT YOU'RE 5746 04:04:37,796 --> 04:04:39,064 LOOKING FOR THERE, GINA, JUST 5747 04:04:39,131 --> 04:04:44,036 CALL ME. 5748 04:04:45,437 --> 04:04:49,674 >> FLORIAN? 5749 04:04:49,741 --> 04:04:50,642 >> THANKS, JOHN. 5750 04:04:50,709 --> 04:04:52,744 THAT WAS PHENOMENAL. 5751 04:04:52,811 --> 04:04:55,113 I'M SO IMPRESSED. 5752 04:04:55,180 --> 04:04:59,151 AND REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THIS 5753 04:04:59,217 --> 04:05:02,320 NEXT GENERATION OF AAV SECTORS 5754 04:05:02,387 --> 04:05:05,390 COMING OUT OF THIS CONSORTIUM 5755 04:05:05,457 --> 04:05:06,191 WORK. 5756 04:05:06,258 --> 04:05:07,726 AS A CHILD NEUROLOGIST PUTTING 5757 04:05:07,793 --> 04:05:09,694 GENES BACK AND DELIVERING THEM 5758 04:05:09,761 --> 04:05:11,329 TO CHILDREN THIS IS SO 5759 04:05:11,396 --> 04:05:11,997 IMPORTANT. 5760 04:05:12,064 --> 04:05:14,733 ONE THING THAT'S A CONSTANT 5761 04:05:14,800 --> 04:05:16,802 WORRY TO ME IS THESE DEFECTIVE 5762 04:05:16,868 --> 04:05:18,470 GENES HAVE ALREADY BEEN AT WORK 5763 04:05:18,537 --> 04:05:20,939 FOR MANY YEARS, IN THESE 5764 04:05:21,006 --> 04:05:21,640 CHILDREN. 5765 04:05:21,706 --> 04:05:22,374 THERE'S MALADAPTATION THAT'S 5766 04:05:22,441 --> 04:05:24,576 OCCURRED, AND ARE WE REALLY 5767 04:05:24,643 --> 04:05:25,544 DELIVERING THIS IN THE RIGHT 5768 04:05:25,610 --> 04:05:27,412 WAY, IN THE RIGHT FORM. 5769 04:05:27,479 --> 04:05:30,682 HOW MUCH OF YOUR INITIATIVE IS 5770 04:05:30,749 --> 04:05:32,851 ALSO ADDRESSING EARLY BRAIN 5771 04:05:32,918 --> 04:05:33,585 DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY? 5772 04:05:33,652 --> 04:05:36,021 I THINK THAT WOULD BE SO 5773 04:05:36,088 --> 04:05:40,425 IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO 5774 04:05:40,492 --> 04:05:42,160 REALIZE THESE THERAPIES. 5775 04:05:42,227 --> 04:05:43,962 >> RIGHT, EARLY YEARS OF THE 5776 04:05:44,029 --> 04:05:47,666 BRAIN INITIATIVE, THE FOCUS WAS 5777 04:05:47,732 --> 04:05:48,667 DECIDEDLY NOT ON EARLIER 5778 04:05:48,733 --> 04:05:49,534 DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES, JUST TO 5779 04:05:49,601 --> 04:05:52,838 MAKE SURE THAT THE EFFORT TO 5780 04:05:52,904 --> 04:05:55,240 BOIL EVERY OCEAN WOULD WIND UP 5781 04:05:55,307 --> 04:05:55,574 BIOLOGY NONE. 5782 04:05:55,640 --> 04:05:58,043 WE'RE TURNING OUR ATTENTION MORE 5783 04:05:58,110 --> 04:06:01,546 TO DEVELOPMENT AND LIFESPAN, A 5784 04:06:01,613 --> 04:06:05,150 BIG PIECE OF THE CURRENT BICAM 5785 04:06:05,217 --> 04:06:08,653 PROJECTS ARE FOCUSED ON HUMAN 5786 04:06:08,720 --> 04:06:12,991 DEVELOPMENT, SO PRENATAL 5787 04:06:13,058 --> 04:06:13,525 DEVELOPMENT. 5788 04:06:13,592 --> 04:06:15,060 AND THE BICCN IS WRAPPING UP AND 5789 04:06:15,127 --> 04:06:17,562 PUTTING TOGETHER I UNDERSTAND 5790 04:06:17,629 --> 04:06:18,163 ANOTHER PACKAGE, DEVELOPMENT, 5791 04:06:18,230 --> 04:06:19,264 FOCUSING ON THE MOUSE. 5792 04:06:19,331 --> 04:06:20,532 THESE ARE CRITICALLY IMPORTANT. 5793 04:06:20,599 --> 04:06:23,935 AS YOU CAN APPRECIATE, THE 5794 04:06:24,002 --> 04:06:25,570 BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, AS VIVIAN'S 5795 04:06:25,637 --> 04:06:27,439 GROUP HAS SHOWN, SHE WILL TALK 5796 04:06:27,506 --> 04:06:29,641 ABOUT IN HER PLENARY LECTURE IN 5797 04:06:29,708 --> 04:06:31,276 A COUPLE WEEKS, THE BLOOD-BRAIN 5798 04:06:31,343 --> 04:06:32,577 BARRIER IS A FRIEND BUT ALSO A 5799 04:06:32,644 --> 04:06:34,913 FOE IN TERMS OF GETTING THINGS 5800 04:06:34,980 --> 04:06:38,483 ACROSS, DRUGS OR -- AND 5801 04:06:38,550 --> 04:06:40,919 INCLUDING VIRAL VECTORS AND 5802 04:06:40,986 --> 04:06:41,186 PAYLOADS. 5803 04:06:41,253 --> 04:06:43,321 THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER ISN'T 5804 04:06:43,388 --> 04:06:43,822 STATIC. 5805 04:06:43,889 --> 04:06:45,257 YOUR BBB IS NOT THE ONE YOU WERE 5806 04:06:45,323 --> 04:06:47,025 BORN WITH. 5807 04:06:47,092 --> 04:06:48,393 THERE ARE MOLECULAR CHANGES. 5808 04:06:48,460 --> 04:06:50,061 WE DO NEED TO BE CONSIDERING 5809 04:06:50,128 --> 04:06:51,897 WHAT HAPPENS OVER THE LIFESPAN 5810 04:06:51,963 --> 04:06:55,867 IF WE TRULY WANT TO COME UP WITH 5811 04:06:55,934 --> 04:06:57,002 INNOVATIVE PRECISION AND 5812 04:06:57,068 --> 04:06:58,570 SPECIALIZED TREATMENT. 5813 04:06:58,637 --> 04:07:00,038 SO THIS IS I THINK THIS WILL BE 5814 04:07:00,105 --> 04:07:03,141 REALLY A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR 5815 04:07:03,208 --> 04:07:03,675 US TO DIVE INTO. 5816 04:07:03,742 --> 04:07:04,676 YOU KNOW, THE INFORMATION IS 5817 04:07:04,743 --> 04:07:11,416 THERE FOR US TO GET AND LEVERAGE 5818 04:07:11,483 --> 04:07:13,752 . 5819 04:07:13,818 --> 04:07:17,556 >> OTHER QUESTIONS FOR JOHN? 5820 04:07:17,622 --> 04:07:19,558 HEARING NONE, JOHN, THANK YOU 5821 04:07:19,624 --> 04:07:20,492 VERY MUCH. 5822 04:07:20,559 --> 04:07:21,092 GOOD UPDATE. 5823 04:07:21,159 --> 04:07:22,194 >> THANK YOU ALL. 5824 04:07:22,260 --> 04:07:23,595 LOOKING FORWARD TO SEEING YOU 5825 04:07:23,662 --> 04:07:24,162 NEXT TIME. 5826 04:07:24,229 --> 04:07:27,732 >> TAKE CARE. 5827 04:07:27,799 --> 04:07:29,501 OKAY. 5828 04:07:29,568 --> 04:07:31,903 SO WE HAD SCHEDULED A BREAK BUT 5829 04:07:31,970 --> 04:07:34,005 I BELIEVE WE COULD PROBABLY JUST 5830 04:07:34,072 --> 04:07:35,073 PUSH THROUGH. 5831 04:07:35,140 --> 04:07:37,809 WE HAVE ONE FINAL ITEM, OUR 5832 04:07:37,876 --> 04:07:42,747 CONCEPT CLEARANCE, MOST ARE 5833 04:07:42,814 --> 04:07:44,482 REISSUES. 5834 04:07:44,549 --> 04:07:45,617 LET'S GO FOR IT. 5835 04:07:45,684 --> 04:07:50,522 >> I JUST WANT TO SAY EVERYONE, 5836 04:07:50,589 --> 04:07:52,891 PLEASE REFRESH THE ECB. 5837 04:07:52,958 --> 04:07:54,092 AND ALSO THERE WAS A FLASH DRIVE 5838 04:07:54,159 --> 04:07:56,094 THAT WAS FOUND IN THE WOMAN'S 5839 04:07:56,161 --> 04:07:58,163 BATHROOM, SO IF YOU ARE LOOKING 5840 04:07:58,230 --> 04:08:01,666 FOR A FLASH DRIVE I HAVE IT. 5841 04:08:01,733 --> 04:08:05,971 SOMEONE GAVE IT TO ME. 5842 04:08:06,037 --> 04:08:07,672 I DID NOT ... 5843 04:08:07,739 --> 04:08:07,939 [LAUGHTER] 5844 04:08:08,006 --> 04:08:09,908 TO BE CLEAR. 5845 04:08:09,975 --> 04:08:11,643 >> VERY GOOD. 5846 04:08:11,710 --> 04:08:14,546 OKAY, SO, YEAH. 5847 04:08:17,048 --> 04:08:19,618 ARE WE READY? 5848 04:08:19,684 --> 04:08:19,818 OKAY. 5849 04:08:19,884 --> 04:08:22,254 SO, WE ALWAYS MAKE YOU AWARE OF 5850 04:08:22,320 --> 04:08:25,523 THE CONCEPTS, WHAT CONCEPTS ARE, 5851 04:08:25,590 --> 04:08:27,058 POTENTIALLY NEW PROGRAMS NOW, 5852 04:08:27,125 --> 04:08:28,793 WHEN WE PROPOSE A CONCEPT 5853 04:08:28,860 --> 04:08:29,694 DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN WE 5854 04:08:29,761 --> 04:08:34,065 COMPLETE A CONCEPT BUT WE DO 5855 04:08:34,132 --> 04:08:34,833 MAKE THE COUNCIL AWARE. 5856 04:08:34,899 --> 04:08:36,468 IN THE PAST WE'VE GOTTEN IN THE 5857 04:08:36,534 --> 04:08:39,004 HABIT OF REALLY NOT GOING INTO 5858 04:08:39,070 --> 04:08:41,306 DETAILED PRESENTATIONS. 5859 04:08:41,373 --> 04:08:44,109 WE MADE THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE, 5860 04:08:44,175 --> 04:08:47,779 THE BRIEF WRITEUPS IN THE ECB 5861 04:08:47,846 --> 04:08:49,180 AND FOR THE REISSUE, WHICH WE 5862 04:08:49,247 --> 04:08:50,649 COULD HAVE DISCUSSED IN SOME 5863 04:08:50,715 --> 04:08:53,618 DETAIL IN THE PAST, WE PUT THESE 5864 04:08:53,685 --> 04:08:53,952 UP. 5865 04:08:54,019 --> 04:08:56,688 NOW, WHAT WE'RE HAPPY TO ANSWER 5866 04:08:56,755 --> 04:08:58,123 ANY QUESTIONS, WE DON'T NEED TO 5867 04:08:58,189 --> 04:08:58,523 RUSH IT. 5868 04:08:58,590 --> 04:09:00,525 BUT WE'RE NOT GOING TO 5869 04:09:00,592 --> 04:09:01,393 INDIVIDUALLY GO THROUGH EACH ONE 5870 04:09:01,459 --> 04:09:02,127 OF THESE. 5871 04:09:02,193 --> 04:09:03,662 SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO IS DROP 5872 04:09:03,728 --> 04:09:05,597 INTO A MOMENT OF SILENCE AND 5873 04:09:05,664 --> 04:09:08,066 HAVE EVERYONE LOOK AT THE LIST. 5874 04:09:08,133 --> 04:09:11,269 AND IF ANYONE HAS ANY QUESTIONS, 5875 04:09:11,336 --> 04:09:13,571 WE'LL HAVE THE APPROPRIATE 5876 04:09:13,638 --> 04:09:15,774 INDIVIDUAL RESPOND. 5877 04:09:22,514 --> 04:09:22,647 OKAY. 5878 04:09:22,714 --> 04:09:23,415 HEARING NO QUESTIONS, WHAT I 5879 04:09:23,481 --> 04:09:27,052 WILL ASK FOR THOUGH IS A MOTION 5880 04:09:27,118 --> 04:09:30,655 TO MOVE FORWARD IF WE CHOOSE ON 5881 04:09:30,722 --> 04:09:32,724 THESE REISSUED CONCEPTS. 5882 04:09:32,791 --> 04:09:33,391 SO MOVED. 5883 04:09:33,458 --> 04:09:34,526 AND A SECOND. 5884 04:09:34,592 --> 04:09:34,959 OKAY. 5885 04:09:35,026 --> 04:09:36,928 HERE WE GO AGAIN. 5886 04:09:36,995 --> 04:09:37,095 TIM? 5887 04:09:37,162 --> 04:09:37,662 >> OKAY, EVERYONE. 5888 04:09:37,729 --> 04:09:39,898 GO TO THE VOTING TAB. 5889 04:09:39,964 --> 04:09:42,033 IT'S THE FIRST TAB ON THE LEFT. 5890 04:09:42,100 --> 04:09:42,834 OF THE. 5891 04:09:42,901 --> 04:09:53,345 BOB BROWN, DO YOU SEE IT? 5892 04:09:54,045 --> 04:09:55,080 >> WE'RE GOOD. 5893 04:09:55,146 --> 04:09:55,513 >> AWESOME. 5894 04:09:55,580 --> 04:09:58,817 >> AND I PROPOSE, LOUISE, IF IF 5895 04:09:58,883 --> 04:10:03,321 YOU HIT THEEL THAT SAYS YES OR 5896 04:10:03,388 --> 04:10:08,560 NO, THE GRAY-OUT GOES INTO. 5897 04:10:08,626 --> 04:10:10,628 >> HIT SAVE AND SUBMIT. 5898 04:10:10,695 --> 04:10:12,397 >> GOT IT. 5899 04:10:12,464 --> 04:10:14,599 >> I WAS JUST TOLD WE'RE KILLING 5900 04:10:14,666 --> 04:10:22,774 IT. 5901 04:10:39,891 --> 04:10:50,135 >> THAT'S SEVEN. 5902 04:11:05,550 --> 04:11:16,060 >> WE'LL HAVE TO DISCUSS -- 5903 04:11:23,401 --> 04:11:24,836 >> DO YOU SEE IT? 5904 04:11:24,903 --> 04:11:25,136 WE'RE GOOD. 5905 04:11:25,203 --> 04:11:27,005 >> ALL RIGHT, CONGRATULATIONS. 5906 04:11:27,071 --> 04:11:27,238 OKAY. 5907 04:11:27,305 --> 04:11:30,542 NOW, WE'RE MOVING TO THE NEW 5908 04:11:30,608 --> 04:11:30,809 CONCEPTS. 5909 04:11:30,875 --> 04:11:33,378 MANY TIMES WE DO PRESENT -- WE 5910 04:11:33,445 --> 04:11:35,814 USUALLY PRESENT THEM IF THEY ARE 5911 04:11:35,880 --> 04:11:37,348 OF PARTICULAR INTEREST OR WE'RE 5912 04:11:37,415 --> 04:11:38,183 LOOKING FOR INPUT. 5913 04:11:38,249 --> 04:11:39,117 WE'RE NOT PLANTING ON PRESENTING 5914 04:11:39,184 --> 04:11:39,818 THIS TIME. 5915 04:11:39,884 --> 04:11:41,386 I BELIEVE THERE ARE FOUR. 5916 04:11:41,453 --> 04:11:44,656 DO WE HAVE THE NEW INITIATIVE 5917 04:11:44,722 --> 04:11:47,192 SLIDE? 5918 04:11:47,258 --> 04:11:47,959 OH, THREE, SORRY. 5919 04:11:48,026 --> 04:11:50,028 RIGHT, ONE WAS A REISSUE WE HAD 5920 04:11:50,094 --> 04:11:51,696 WRONG. 5921 04:11:51,763 --> 04:11:51,896 OKAY. 5922 04:11:51,963 --> 04:11:54,966 THERE WE GO. 5923 04:11:55,033 --> 04:11:56,701 NOW, THE BRAIN INITIATIVE WAS 5924 04:11:56,768 --> 04:11:59,037 PUBLICLY PRESENTED YESTERDAY. 5925 04:11:59,103 --> 04:12:00,438 AGAIN, THE MATERIAL IS 5926 04:12:00,505 --> 04:12:01,206 AVAILABLE. 5927 04:12:01,272 --> 04:12:02,207 WE'RE NOT HAVING PRESENTATIONS 5928 04:12:02,273 --> 04:12:04,142 BUT WE'RE MORE THAN HAPPY TO 5929 04:12:04,209 --> 04:12:06,578 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS YOU MAY 5930 04:12:06,644 --> 04:12:06,778 HAVE. 5931 04:12:06,845 --> 04:12:08,513 AND AGAIN, I'M GOING TO HAVE A 5932 04:12:08,580 --> 04:12:18,890 MOMENT OF SILENCE. 5933 04:12:22,126 --> 04:12:22,427 OKAY. 5934 04:12:22,494 --> 04:12:23,194 LOOKS GOOD. 5935 04:12:23,261 --> 04:12:28,233 DO WE HAVE A MOTION TO MOVE 5936 04:12:28,299 --> 04:12:29,100 FORWARD? 5937 04:12:29,167 --> 04:12:30,101 I HAVE A MOTION. 5938 04:12:30,168 --> 04:12:30,969 A SECOND? 5939 04:12:31,035 --> 04:12:31,302 >> SO MOVED. 5940 04:12:31,369 --> 04:12:32,170 >> I HAVE A SECOND. 5941 04:12:32,237 --> 04:12:34,405 WE'LL DO WHAT WE DO BEST, WE'LL 5942 04:12:34,472 --> 04:12:37,509 VOTE IN THE ECB. 5943 04:12:42,947 --> 04:12:49,921 CONSIDERING THIS IS THE LAST 5944 04:12:49,988 --> 04:12:53,124 ITEM FOR THE DAY -- IT'S OKAY. 5945 04:12:53,191 --> 04:12:58,096 LOOK AT THAT. 5946 04:12:58,162 --> 04:12:58,730 3:23. 5947 04:12:58,796 --> 04:12:58,897 HEY! 5948 04:12:58,963 --> 04:12:59,864 >> (INAUDIBLE). 5949 04:12:59,931 --> 04:13:00,465 >> YEAH, OKAY. 5950 04:13:00,532 --> 04:13:02,467 WE HAVE MOVED THROUGH THE 5951 04:13:02,534 --> 04:13:04,669 CONCEPT CLEARANCE PHASE. 5952 04:13:04,736 --> 04:13:05,436 OKAY. 5953 04:13:05,503 --> 04:13:08,473 SO WE ARE NOW AT THE END OF THE 5954 04:13:08,540 --> 04:13:09,274 OPEN SESSION. 5955 04:13:09,340 --> 04:13:12,310 I BELIEVE I'M GOING TO HAVE TIM 5956 04:13:12,377 --> 04:13:13,811 MENTION SOMETHING ABOUT THE 5957 04:13:13,878 --> 04:13:18,483 UPCOMING HAPPY HOUR. 5958 04:13:18,550 --> 04:13:19,484 AND THEN WE'LL -- 5959 04:13:19,551 --> 04:13:22,053 >> WE'LL START HAPPY HOUR AT 5 5960 04:13:22,120 --> 04:13:25,323 P.M. WHEN THE APPETIZERS WILL BE 5961 04:13:25,390 --> 04:13:25,924 PUT OUT. 5962 04:13:25,990 --> 04:13:27,559 SO, YOU HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF 5963 04:13:27,625 --> 04:13:27,759 TIME. 5964 04:13:27,825 --> 04:13:29,627 WE LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING 5965 04:13:29,694 --> 04:13:31,496 EVERYONE. 5966 04:13:31,563 --> 04:13:35,300 IT'S IN HELLO BETTY, IT'S IN THE 5967 04:13:35,366 --> 04:13:40,738 SECOND FLOOR, THIRD FLOOR OF THE 5968 04:13:40,805 --> 04:13:41,773 CANOPY HOTEL. 5969 04:13:41,839 --> 04:13:42,140 >> EXCELLENT. 5970 04:13:42,206 --> 04:13:44,709 WALTER, DO YOU WANT TO GAVEL US 5971 04:13:44,776 --> 04:13:46,210 OUT? 5972 04:13:46,277 --> 04:13:48,246 >> YEP, I JUST WANT TO MENTION, 5973 04:13:48,313 --> 04:13:53,384 AS YOU SAW IN JOHN'S SLIDE ABOUT 5974 04:13:53,451 --> 04:13:55,053 THE NUMBER OF INVESTIGATORS 5975 04:13:55,119 --> 04:13:57,088 FUNDED BY "BRAIN," IF "BRAIN" 5976 04:13:57,155 --> 04:13:58,623 CLOSES DOWN THEY ARE GOING TO BE 5977 04:13:58,690 --> 04:13:59,724 COMING TO US. 5978 04:13:59,791 --> 04:14:01,593 IT'S GOING TO PUT EVEN MORE 5979 04:14:01,659 --> 04:14:04,629 PRESSURE ON NINDS, FOR SURE. 5980 04:14:04,696 --> 04:14:05,863 >> AND MORE BRAIN. 5981 04:14:05,930 --> 04:14:06,731 MORE BRAIN. 5982 04:14:06,798 --> 04:14:07,732 >> WALTER, IT'S ACTUALLY NOT A 5983 04:14:07,799 --> 04:14:08,399 BAD THING. 5984 04:14:08,466 --> 04:14:12,203 A LOT OF THOSE INVESTIGATORS ARE 5985 04:14:12,270 --> 04:14:13,171 NOT THINKING ABOUT 5986 04:14:13,237 --> 04:14:13,838 DISEASE-RELATED PROBLEMS, AND 5987 04:14:13,905 --> 04:14:16,908 THEY NEED US TO MAKE THOSE 5988 04:14:16,975 --> 04:14:17,542 CONNECTIONS. 5989 04:14:17,609 --> 04:14:18,309 SO THEIR TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS, 5990 04:14:18,376 --> 04:14:20,278 SOME OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF DISEASE 5991 04:14:20,345 --> 04:14:21,279 MECHANISM, COULD MERGE TOGETHER 5992 04:14:21,346 --> 04:14:22,914 IN BEAUTIFUL WAYS. 5993 04:14:22,981 --> 04:14:26,084 >> YEAH, I AGREE WITH THAT 5994 04:14:26,150 --> 04:14:26,551 COMPLETELY. 5995 04:14:26,618 --> 04:14:27,952 EVEN ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL THING 5996 04:14:28,019 --> 04:14:29,420 THEY ARE TALKING ABOUT 5997 04:14:29,487 --> 04:14:30,455 20-YEAR-OLDS, SO I THINK, YOU 5998 04:14:30,521 --> 04:14:32,490 KNOW, TO MAKE IT TRANSLATIONAL 5999 04:14:32,557 --> 04:14:34,525 AND MAKE IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN 6000 04:14:34,592 --> 04:14:37,228 HEALTH AND FOR JUST FUNDAMENTAL 6001 04:14:37,295 --> 04:14:38,696 AGING BIOLOGY, I THINK REALLY 6002 04:14:38,763 --> 04:14:40,965 PUTTING THESE PEOPLE TOGETHER 6003 04:14:41,032 --> 04:14:42,200 WILL MAKE IT EVEN STRONGER, AND 6004 04:14:42,266 --> 04:14:45,136 IT WOULD BE A GREAT THING THAT 6005 04:14:45,203 --> 04:14:47,205 PROBABLY CONGRESS WOULD WANT TO 6006 04:14:47,271 --> 04:14:48,573 SUPPORT EVEN MORE, MAYBE, OR 6007 04:14:48,640 --> 04:14:51,376 NOT. 6008 04:14:51,442 --> 04:14:53,945 >> SOUND GOOD TO ME, LOUISE. 6009 04:14:54,012 --> 04:14:55,380 >> MAYBE. 6010 04:14:55,446 --> 04:14:58,716 >> YEP. 6011 04:14:58,783 --> 04:15:00,618 >> YOU HAVE TO GAVEL US OUT. 6012 04:15:00,685 --> 04:15:01,252 >> ALL RIGHT. 6013 04:15:01,319 --> 04:15:02,353 GAVELED OUT. 6014 04:15:02,420 --> 04:15:04,088 ALL RIGHT. 6015 04:15:04,155 --> 04:15:06,190 THANK YOU, EVERYONE. 6016 04:15:06,257 --> 04:15:06,724 WE'LL RECONVENE TOMORROW. 6017 04:15:06,791 [END OF PROGRAM]