1 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:09,960 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON 2 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,000 MINORITY HEALTH AND HEATH 3 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:12,720 DISPARITIES. 4 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:16,320 WELCOME TO THE 61st MEETING OF 5 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:17,960 THE ADVISORY -- NATIONAL 6 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:19,280 ADVISORY COUNCIL ON MINORITY 7 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:21,120 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES. 8 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:23,040 THIS IS THE OPEN SESSION OF OUR 9 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:24,960 COUNCIL AND I WILL NOW TURN IT 10 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:27,120 OVER TO OUR EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 11 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:30,240 Dr. PAUL COTTON, WHO WILL TAKE 12 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:33,640 ROLL CALL. 13 00:00:33,640 --> 00:00:33,880 PAUL -- 14 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:35,760 >> Paul: THANK YOU, Dr. 15 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:36,120 PEREZ-STABLE. 16 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:38,840 GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO THE 17 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:42,440 61st MEETING OF THE NIMHD 18 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:43,440 ADVISORY COUNCIL. 19 00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:44,720 TODAY'S SESSION OF THIS MEETING 20 00:00:44,720 --> 00:00:46,680 IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND BEING 21 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:50,840 BROADCAST ON THE NIH VIDEO 22 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:51,320 NETWORK. 23 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:52,640 COUNCIL MEMBERS, PLEASE SPEAK 24 00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:55,600 SLOWLY AND DISTINCTIVELY. 25 00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:57,960 WHEN YOU REQUEST OR ARE CALLED 26 00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:00,760 ON TO SPEAK, THE VIDEO CAST 27 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:01,800 OBSERVERS, TECHNICAL STAFF AND 28 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:05,800 NOTE TAKERS WILL BE LISTENING TO 29 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:06,720 NOTE YOUR COMMENTS. 30 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:08,000 THERE'S NO NEED TO ASK IF YOU 31 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:09,400 ARE BEING HEARD. 32 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:10,440 AFTER YOU ARE RECOGNIZED TO 33 00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:13,560 SPEAK, I WILL PROMPT YOU IF 34 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:15,240 AUDIO PROBLEMS ARE DETECTED. 35 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:18,920 IN AN EFFORT TO CONSERVE 36 00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:20,440 INTERNET BANDWIDTH, I WILL LEAD 37 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:21,360 THE ROLL CALL. 38 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:24,480 PLEASE TURN ON YOUR CAMERA, 39 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:25,760 UNMUTE, INTRODUCE YOURSELF, 40 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:29,080 FIRST NAME, LAST NAME, AND MAKE 41 00:01:29,080 --> 00:01:30,560 A BRIEF STATEMENT. 42 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:33,160 INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION 43 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:34,600 AFFILIATION ROLE. 44 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:35,880 PLEASE MUTE YOURSELF AND TURN 45 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:39,560 OFF YOUR CAMERA FOLLOWING. 46 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:40,640 I WILL MOVE ON TO THE NEXT 47 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:42,200 PERSON AFTER THAT. 48 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:46,640 SO, I WILL BEGIN. 49 00:01:46,640 --> 00:01:46,880 AGULIA. 50 00:01:46,880 --> 00:01:50,160 >> HI, GOOD MORNING, MY NAME IS 51 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:52,400 EMMA AND I'M PROFESSOR AT THE 52 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:55,560 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY FROM USC 53 00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:57,720 AND I'M AN ECONOMIST BY TRAINING 54 00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:59,240 AND MY RESEARCH IS HOW DIFFERENT 55 00:01:59,240 --> 00:02:01,040 THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL INSURANCE 56 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,160 PROGRAMS SUCH AS WELFARE 57 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:04,320 PROGRAMS THAT WILL GUARANTEE 58 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:06,320 BASIC INCOME PROGRAMS THAT SEEK 59 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,480 TO RAISE STATUS AT DIFFERENCE IN 60 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:10,600 STAGES OF THE LIFE COURSE, 61 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:12,360 IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF 62 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:17,080 THE POPULATION. 63 00:02:17,080 --> 00:02:18,960 I USE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND 64 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:21,240 IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE. 65 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:25,480 THANK YOU. 66 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:25,880 >> Paul: BARNES. 67 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:27,240 >> GOOD MORNING. 68 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:30,000 MY NAME IS LISA BARNES. 69 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:34,360 I AM AN ENDOWED PROFESSOR OF 70 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:35,760 GERIATRIC MEDICINE AT RUSH 71 00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:37,760 UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER IN 72 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:40,520 CHICAGO AND A COGNITIVE 73 00:02:40,520 --> 00:02:42,480 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST IN THE RUSH 74 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:43,320 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CENTER. 75 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:44,960 I'M THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF 76 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:46,400 OUR ALZHEIMER'S CENTER. 77 00:02:46,400 --> 00:02:49,600 MY AREA OF EXPERTISE IS IN THE 78 00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:51,120 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA AND 79 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:54,040 AGING WITH A FOCUS ON OLDER 80 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:54,440 AFRICAN AMERICANS. 81 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:56,040 IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE. 82 00:02:56,040 --> 00:03:01,880 THANK YOU. 83 00:03:01,880 --> 00:03:04,920 >> Paul: CALMAN. 84 00:03:04,920 --> 00:03:06,320 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 85 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:08,840 MY NAME IS NEIL CALMAN I'M A 86 00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:10,440 FAMILY PHYSICIAN AND PRESIDENT 87 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:12,080 AND C.E.O. OF THE INSTITUTE FOR 88 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:14,360 FAMILY HEALTH WHICH IS A LARGE 89 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:16,480 NETWORK OF 30 COMMUNITY HEALTH 90 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:18,480 CENTERS SITES IN NEW YORK AND I 91 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:20,320 ALSO CHAIR THE DEPARTMENT OF 92 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:21,440 FAMILY MEDICINE AND COMMUNITY 93 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:24,440 HEALTH AT THE MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL 94 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:24,760 OF MEDICINE. 95 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:27,520 MY RESEARCH IS LARGELY IN 96 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:29,200 STRUCTURAL RACISM, HOW IT'S 97 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:31,040 BUILT INTO THE STRUCTURE OF 98 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:32,920 INSTITUTIONS AS WELL AS STATE 99 00:03:32,920 --> 00:03:35,520 AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 100 00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:40,560 THANK YOU. 101 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:41,320 >> Paul: ELLIOTT. 102 00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:44,080 >> GOOD MORNING. 103 00:03:44,080 --> 00:03:45,160 AMY ELLIOTT. 104 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:47,320 THE CHIEF CLINICAL OFFICER OF 105 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:51,080 VERA HEALTH WHICH IS A RURAL 106 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:51,960 INTEGRATED SYSTEM. 107 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:53,680 I'M A PROFESSOR AND DIVISION 108 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:55,880 CHIEF AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH 109 00:03:55,880 --> 00:03:57,000 DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN THE 110 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:59,000 DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS. 111 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:01,640 MY RESEARCH HAS BEEN IN MATERNAL 112 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:03,320 CHILD HEALTH ON THE EFFECTS OF 113 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:04,880 PRE-NATAL EXPOSURES ON LATER 114 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:07,360 HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. 115 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:09,360 I AM PRE-NATAL ALCOHOL, TOBACCO 116 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:12,320 AND OTHER EXPOSURES -- 117 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:12,720 SUBSTANCES. 118 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:13,840 SO LOOKING FORWARD TO THE 119 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:15,120 MEETING TODAY. 120 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:22,480 THANK YOU. 121 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:22,880 >> Paul: ESCALA. 122 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:27,600 >> GOOD MORNING. 123 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:31,720 I'M AN ATTORNEY BY TRAINING. 124 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,160 AS PRACTITIONER, I GET CASES ON 125 00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:37,040 IMPACT ISSUES RELATING TO HEALTH 126 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:39,680 ISSUES AND DISCRIMINATION AND 127 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:43,960 CURRENTLY I SERVE AS THE ADJUNCT 128 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:46,000 AT A COLLEGE. 129 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:49,480 THANK YOU. 130 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:49,960 >> Paul: JOHNSON. 131 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:51,960 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY, I'M 132 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:54,120 KIMBERLEY JOHNSON I'M A 133 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:55,960 PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND 134 00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:58,320 GERIATRICIAN IN PALLIATIVE 135 00:04:58,320 --> 00:05:00,000 MEDICINE HERE AT DUKE UNIVERSITY 136 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,040 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN NORTH 137 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:02,720 CAROLINE A MY RESEARCH FOCUSES 138 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:04,640 ON IMPROVING SERIOUS ILLNESS 139 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:06,960 CARE FOR OLDER AFRICAN 140 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:07,240 AMERICANS. 141 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:08,600 I ALSO LAID CENTER OF EXCELLENCE 142 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:11,560 IN MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH 143 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:14,480 DISPARITIES WHICH IS CALLED 144 00:05:14,480 --> 00:05:21,360 REACH EQUITY. 145 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:26,160 >> Paul: RESINCLAU. 146 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:27,720 >> GOOD MORNING. 147 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:28,360 I'M KEN. 148 00:05:28,360 --> 00:05:30,000 I'M A HEALTH PSYCHOLOGIST AND 149 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,680 HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCHER 150 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:32,600 AND PRACTITIONER. 151 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:34,000 I'M AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 152 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:35,360 MICHIGAN AND ANN ARBOR AT THE 153 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:37,240 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC-HEALTH AND THE 154 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:38,560 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 155 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:40,720 FOR OUR CANCER CENTER, I'M THE 156 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:42,840 DIRECTOR OF COMMUNITY OUTREACH 157 00:05:42,840 --> 00:05:44,080 ENGAGEMENT IN HEALTH DISPARITIES 158 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:45,480 RESEARCH AND I HELP LEAD OUR 159 00:05:45,480 --> 00:05:47,400 CENTER FOR HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS 160 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:47,720 RESEARCH. 161 00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:49,880 MOST OF MY RESEARCH INVOLVES 162 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:52,400 SOME COMBINATION OF MOTIVATIONAL 163 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:53,720 INTERVIEWING AND TAILORED 164 00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:54,680 COMMUNICATION MUCH OF THAT WORK 165 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,600 IS FOCUSED ON ETHNIC AND RACIAL 166 00:05:57,600 --> 00:05:59,960 SUB POPULATIONS. 167 00:05:59,960 --> 00:06:05,720 HAPPY TO BE HERE. 168 00:06:05,720 --> 00:06:06,080 >> Paul: SIMS. 169 00:06:06,080 --> 00:06:10,520 >> GOOD MORNING, I'M MARIO SIMS, 170 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:12,320 PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL MEDICINE, 171 00:06:12,320 --> 00:06:19,480 POPULATION OF PUBLIC-HEALTH 172 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:22,080 MEDICINE AND I'M SOCIAL 173 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:23,160 EPIDEMIOLOGIST BY TRAINING AND I 174 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:27,200 FOCUS ON SOCIAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL 175 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:29,320 DETERMINANTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR 176 00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:30,760 DISEASE AND DISPARITIES. 177 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:31,400 POLICE TO BE HERE. 178 00:06:31,400 --> 00:06:32,800 >> SUTHERLAND. 179 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:33,800 >> GOOD MORNING. 180 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:35,560 MY NAME IS BILL SUTHERLAND. 181 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:37,960 I'M A PROFESSOR OF BIOCHEMISTRY 182 00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:39,960 AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY. 183 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:41,240 I'M ALSO THE PRINCIPLE 184 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:42,680 INVESTIGATOR OF HOWARD RESEARCH 185 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:44,800 CENTERS IN MINORITY INSTITUTIONS 186 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:45,400 PROGRAM. 187 00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:48,080 AND I AM THE INTERIM DIRECTOR OF 188 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:49,880 HOWARD CENTER FOR APPLIED DATA 189 00:06:49,880 --> 00:06:52,120 SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS. 190 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:54,360 MY RESEARCH CENTER HAS TO DO 191 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:56,480 WITH UTILIZING DATA SCIENCE AS A 192 00:06:56,480 --> 00:06:59,400 TOOL TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE 193 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,320 CLIENT DISEASE BURDEN IN 194 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:04,320 MINORITY GROUPS RIGHT NOW. 195 00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:07,840 WE'RE LOOKING AT THE CHRONIC 196 00:07:07,840 --> 00:07:09,000 DISEASE BURDENS AS DISTRIBUTED 197 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:14,320 AMONG THE WARS OF WASHINGTON DC. 198 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:19,120 THANK YOU. 199 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:20,760 >> SHERBOURNE. 200 00:07:20,760 --> 00:07:24,000 >> GOOD MORNING, I AM PROFESSOR 201 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:25,880 OF POPULATION HEALTH AND 202 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:26,160 MEDICINE. 203 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:28,120 I ALSO SERVE AS VICE-CHAIR FOR 204 00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:30,640 RESEARCH AND DIVISION CHIEF OF 205 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:31,680 HEALTH BEHAVIOR IN THE 206 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:33,320 DEPARTMENT OF POPULATION HEALTH 207 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:36,040 AT THE NYU SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 208 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:37,960 I'M A SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGIST BY 209 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:39,800 TRAINING AND MY RESEARCH IS 210 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:41,240 FOCUSED ON UTILIZING SOCIAL 211 00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:42,280 DETERMINANTS FOR HEALTH AND 212 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:43,360 COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS 213 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:45,000 APPROACHES TO REDUCING HEALTH 214 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:46,320 DISPARITIES IN NEW YORK CITY. 215 00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:51,680 I CO-LEAD NIMHD FOCUS AMERICAN 216 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:53,440 COMMUNITIES AND FOCUS ON CANCERS 217 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:55,840 AGING AND MORE RECENTLY 218 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:57,880 COVID-RELATED HEALTH 219 00:07:57,880 --> 00:07:58,160 DISPARITIES. 220 00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:03,080 THANK YOU. 221 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:03,440 >> Paul: LONG. 222 00:08:03,440 --> 00:08:08,080 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS JUDITH LONG 223 00:08:08,080 --> 00:08:10,520 AND I AM A GENERAL INTERNIST AND 224 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,520 I AM ALSO A CORE FACULTY MEMBER 225 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:15,160 OF THE VA CENTER FOR HEALTH 226 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:17,400 EQUITY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION 227 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:20,040 AND VA REPRESENTATIVE ON 228 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:20,280 COUNCIL. 229 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:22,640 I AM ALSO THE DIVISION CHIEF OF 230 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:23,960 GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE AT THE 231 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:27,080 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND 232 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:30,080 MY RESEARCH FOCUSES ON 233 00:08:30,080 --> 00:08:31,400 INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS SOCIAL 234 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:33,640 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND 235 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:35,160 SUPPORT VULNERABLE POPULATIONS 236 00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:37,280 WITH CHRONIC DISEASES AND I'M 237 00:08:37,280 --> 00:08:40,880 HAPPY TO BE HERE. 238 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:46,440 THANK YOU. 239 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:46,840 >> Paul: HUNTER. 240 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:47,840 >> HI, GOOD MORNING. 241 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:49,640 I'M CHRISTINE HUNTER I'M A 242 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:51,040 CLINICAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGIST AND 243 00:08:51,040 --> 00:08:53,200 I'M CURRENTLY SERVE NORTH TWO 244 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:54,720 ROLES AT NIH, THE ACTING 245 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:56,160 DIRECTOR FOR THE OFFICE OF 246 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:57,680 BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 247 00:08:57,680 --> 00:08:58,720 RESEARCH AND THE ASSOCIATE 248 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:00,520 DIRECTOR FOR THE BEHAVIOR AND 249 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:01,480 SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH. 250 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:06,960 THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 251 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:08,440 >> YOU ARE WELCOME TO ALL OF YOU 252 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:09,040 AND THANK YOU. 253 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:11,400 WE ALSO HAVE ADDITIONAL 254 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:15,600 EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS WHO ARE NOT 255 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:16,920 PRESENT TODAY. 256 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:23,160 Dr. SHELL, DR. TABAK ARE 257 00:09:23,160 --> 00:09:30,600 EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS AND XAVIER 258 00:09:30,600 --> 00:09:31,840 BARAKARA ARE NOT WITH US TODAY. 259 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:37,560 I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO HAVE Dr. 260 00:09:37,560 --> 00:09:39,560 WEB HOOPER INTRODUCE HERSELF. 261 00:09:39,560 --> 00:09:40,680 >> HELLO, HI. 262 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:44,240 I'M MONICA WEB-HOOPER. 263 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:54,400 DEPUTY DIRECTOR HERE AT NIMHD. 264 00:09:54,400 --> 00:09:54,640 WELCOME. 265 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:55,360 >> Paul: THANK YOU. 266 00:09:55,360 --> 00:09:56,480 MY SECOND TASK OF THE MORNING 267 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:59,680 WILL BE THE REVIEW OF THE 268 00:09:59,680 --> 00:09:59,920 MINUTES. 269 00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:01,480 WE WILL NOW GO AHEAD AND GET 270 00:10:01,480 --> 00:10:02,680 STARTED WITH THAT. 271 00:10:02,680 --> 00:10:06,160 I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU THE VOTING 272 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:06,600 INSTRUCTIONS. 273 00:10:06,600 --> 00:10:08,040 THE CHATBOX WILL BE USED TO 274 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:10,760 RECORD THE VOTE OF THE ACTIONS. 275 00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:15,040 WHEN ASKED ALL IN FAVOR, 276 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:17,920 PLEASANT YES OR Y IN THE 277 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:18,320 CHATBOX. 278 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:21,960 WHEN ASKED ANY OPPOSED, ENTER NO 279 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:23,680 OR N IN THE CHATBOX. 280 00:10:23,680 --> 00:10:27,520 THE MINUTES FROM THE MAY 2022 281 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:29,400 COUNCIL MEETING WERE POSTED IN 282 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:31,000 THE ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK. 283 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,360 HAVING REVIEWED THE MINUTES, ARE 284 00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:35,240 THERE ANY QUESTIONS, CONCERNS OR 285 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:45,000 CORRECTIONS FOR THESE MINUTES? 286 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:46,440 SEEING NONE, MAY I HAVE A MOTION 287 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:49,960 TO APPROVE THE MINUTES FROM 288 00:10:49,960 --> 00:10:50,360 MAY'S COUNCIL? 289 00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:51,840 >> MOVE TO APPROVE THE MINUTES 290 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:53,760 FROM THE MAY COUNCIL MEETING. 291 00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:57,920 >> AND I SECOND THE MOTION, 292 00:10:57,920 --> 00:10:58,120 PLEASE. 293 00:10:58,120 --> 00:10:59,200 >> Paul: THANK YOU. 294 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:03,200 ALL IN FAVOR ENTER "Y" IN THE 295 00:11:03,200 --> 00:11:03,560 CHATBOX. 296 00:11:03,560 --> 00:11:07,160 ANY OPPOSED, ENTER "N" IN THE 297 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:11,560 CHATBOX. 298 00:11:11,560 --> 00:11:13,400 AFTER HAVING BEEN MOVED AND 299 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:14,720 PROPERLY SECOND, THE MINUTES 300 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:17,560 FROM THE MAY 22 ADVISORY COUNCIL 301 00:11:17,560 --> 00:11:21,360 ARE APPROVED. 302 00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:26,720 THANK YOU. 303 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:28,120 I ALSO WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THIS 304 00:11:28,120 --> 00:11:31,160 TIME TO ANNOUNCE THE FUTURE 305 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:34,880 MEETING DATES IN THE AGENDA THAT 306 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:36,520 YOU HAVE. 307 00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:40,080 THE 2023 AND 2024 DATES ARE 308 00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:41,840 LISTED. 309 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:44,320 THE 2023 FEBRUARY 6th AND 310 00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:46,240 7th. 311 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:52,160 MAY 22nd, 23, AUGUST 31 TO 312 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:53,480 ACCEPT FIRST. 313 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,960 2024 DATES -- FEBRUARY 1st AND 314 00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:58,080 2nd. 315 00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:01,720 MAY 30-31. 316 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:04,600 AND SEPTEMBER 5th THROUGH THE 317 00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:04,840 SIXTH. 318 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:06,480 PLEASE NOTE IT'S THE NIH'S 319 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:08,080 POLICY THAT A COUNCILMEMBER MAY 320 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:10,760 HAVE ONE ABSENCE PER CALENDER 321 00:12:10,760 --> 00:12:10,960 YEAR. 322 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:13,600 AND INDIVIDUAL CANNOT SERVE ON 323 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:15,640 ANY PEER REVIEW PANELS WHILE 324 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:20,480 SERVING AS A COUNCILMEMBER. 325 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:22,960 I WILL NOW TURN THE MEETING BACK 326 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:29,760 OVER TO Dr. PEREZ-STABLE FOR 327 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:31,240 THE NIMHD DIRECTORS' REPORT. 328 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:33,560 ALMOST GOT THROUGH IT. 329 00:12:33,560 --> 00:12:34,600 >> Dr. Eliseo J. Perez-Stable: . 330 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:37,560 THANK YOU, EVERYBODY. 331 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:39,760 I'M GOING TO SO SHARE MY SCREEN 332 00:12:39,760 --> 00:12:40,400 AND PRESENT. 333 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:42,400 WE'RE AHEAD OF SCHEDULE SO 334 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:44,680 HOPEFULLY WE'LL HAVE TIME FOR 335 00:12:44,680 --> 00:12:48,120 LITTLE BIT OF CONVERSATION. 336 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,680 IT WILL BE UP TO QUESTIONS THAT 337 00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:54,120 COUNCIL MEMBERS WILL HAVE AND 338 00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:55,080 HOPEFULLY HAVEN'T ANY GLITCHES 339 00:12:55,080 --> 00:12:59,520 WITH THE TRANSMISSION TO THIS 340 00:12:59,520 --> 00:12:59,760 MORNING. 341 00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:03,040 AS WE ALREADY SAID, WELCOME TO 342 00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:04,200 OUR 61st MEETING OF THE 343 00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:05,840 NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON 344 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:07,640 MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH 345 00:13:07,640 --> 00:13:09,200 DISPARITIES TO NOT JUST THOSE AT 346 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:12,040 THE VIRTUAL TABLE AND HERE AT 347 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:15,520 NIH BUT ALSO ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 348 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:18,280 SO, THE BIG NEWS EVERYONE 349 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,080 ALREADY HEARD ABOUT WAS THE 350 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:22,560 ANNOUNCED RETIREMENT FROM 351 00:13:22,560 --> 00:13:24,920 FEDERAL SERVICE OF Dr. TONY 352 00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:27,720 FAUCI AND I THINK THAT IT IS 353 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:29,160 SOME MOMENTOUS OCCASION. 354 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:33,480 HE IS GIVING US I GUESS A FULL 355 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:35,720 FOUR MONTH'S NOTICE WHICH IS 356 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:36,040 GREAT. 357 00:13:36,040 --> 00:13:40,080 WE'LL ALLOW FOR LOTS OF 358 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:42,320 OPPORTUNITIES TO HOPEFULLY SEE 359 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:48,440 HIM AND GIVE HIM -- FAIR HIM 360 00:13:48,440 --> 00:13:49,040 WELL. 361 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,120 I ACTUALLY MET Dr. FAUCI AT 362 00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:55,520 THE -- HE GAVE GRAND ROUNDS AT 363 00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:57,000 UCSF AT SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL 364 00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:58,720 HOSPITAL WHEN I WAS A MEDICAL 365 00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:03,080 RESIDENT MUCH IT WAS ON WAGNER'S 366 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:04,440 GRANULE MATOSIS WHICH IS HOW HE 367 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:08,080 MADE HIMSELF KNOWN TO US 368 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:09,200 PUBLISHING PAPERS IN THE NEW 369 00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:11,600 ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE ON 370 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:15,440 TREATMENT OF THAT PREVIOUSLY 371 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:17,360 UNTREATABLE CONDITION WITH, I 372 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:21,720 BELIEVE, IT WAS COURT I CAN OWE 373 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:24,880 STEROIDS AND ENTERED WHAT WAS A 374 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:27,360 REMARKABLE ADVANCE FOR A DISEASE 375 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:30,960 THAT WE UNIFORMLY SAW AS NOT 376 00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,760 ABLE TO TREAT IN VERY, VERY 377 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:36,040 HARSH ON OUR PATIENTS. 378 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:38,440 SUBSEQUENTLY OF COURSE, HE 379 00:14:38,440 --> 00:14:45,760 BECAME THE LEAD SCIENTIST ON 380 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:47,280 HIV/AIDS FOR WHICH WE WERE VERY 381 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:49,920 INVOLVED WITH AT UCSF AND 382 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:53,880 NAVIGATED THE CHALLENGES OF THE 383 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:55,920 ADVOCACY GROUPS WHO WERE ANGRY 384 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:58,360 ABOUT THE LACK OF SCIENTIFIC 385 00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:01,200 PROGRESS, THE LACK OF ATTENTION 386 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:03,240 FROM GOVERNMENT, REAL OR 387 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,720 PERCEIVED, TO A CONDITION THAT 388 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:11,080 WAS LEADING TO UNIFORM DEATH IN 389 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:13,240 OUR PATIENTS. 390 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:16,000 Dr. FAUCI HAS WRITTEN AND 391 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,040 SPOKEN ABOUT THIS AND ELOQUENTLY 392 00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:19,880 I EXPERIENCED IT MYSELF 393 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,200 INITIALLY AS A FELLOW AND 394 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:23,520 SUBSEQUENTLY AS FACULTY IN A 395 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:24,920 PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR. 396 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:27,440 PATIENTS WHO I TOOK CARE OF. 397 00:15:27,440 --> 00:15:30,240 AND I KNEW BEFORE THEY DEVELOPED 398 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:32,360 SYMPTOMATIC AIDS, AND HIS 399 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:36,320 LEADERSHIP IN THAT SITUATION WAS 400 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:37,320 A HALLMARK OF THE FUTURE. 401 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:41,240 AND Dr. FAUCI WAS A HERO BACK 402 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:41,640 THEN. 403 00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:45,760 A HERO TO FORMER PRESIDENT H.W. 404 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:45,960 BUSH. 405 00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:47,760 HE WAS POTENTIALLY COULD HAVE 406 00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:50,400 BEEN NIH DIRECTOR BUT I 407 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:52,760 PREFERRED REALLY TO BE -- HE 408 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:55,120 PREFERRED TO BE LEADING NIMHD 409 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:57,120 THROUGH THESE INFECTIOUS DISEASE 410 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,240 CRISIS AND HE DID MULTIPLE ONES 411 00:15:59,240 --> 00:16:03,760 AND CAME UP SARS-CoV-2, H1N1, 412 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:05,240 EBOLA WHICH NEVER EFFECTED THE 413 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:06,720 UNITED STATES BUT CERTAINLY 414 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:11,840 CREATED A LOT OF PANIC IN THE 415 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:13,040 POPULATION AND OF COURSE THE 416 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:13,960 BIGGEST CHALLENGE THE TWO AND A 417 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:15,080 HALF YEARS OF COVID-19. 418 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:17,960 HE IS ALWAYS PROUD TO SAY HE HAS 419 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:19,160 ADVISE THE SEVEN PRESIDENT OF 420 00:16:19,160 --> 00:16:20,040 EITHER PARTY. 421 00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:27,760 HE IS A CLINICIAN SCIENTIST ANDD 422 00:16:27,760 --> 00:16:29,200 EXEMPLAR, I'VE ASKED HIM 423 00:16:29,200 --> 00:16:30,480 CLINICAL QUESTIONS WHEN I WAS AT 424 00:16:30,480 --> 00:16:38,280 NIH ABOUT TOPICS THAT CAME UP 425 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:39,920 AND RELATED TO WAGNERS OR OTHER 426 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:41,440 DISEASE AND HE SAID HE IS 427 00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:44,080 RETIRING FROM FEDERAL SERVICE 428 00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:46,440 AND HIS NIH AND WHITE HOUSE ROLE 429 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:48,440 BUT NOT FROM WORK AND WE WILL 430 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:52,320 SEE WHAT HIS NEXT CHAPTER WILL 431 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:53,000 BRING. 432 00:16:53,000 --> 00:17:03,080 WE'LL ALSO WELCOME Dr. MONICA 433 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:07,160 BERGOLI AND SELECTED BY THE 434 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:07,640 PRESIDENT. 435 00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:12,560 SHE WILL COME TO NIH FROM 436 00:17:12,560 --> 00:17:14,760 HARVARD BRIGHAM WHERE SHE IS 437 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:17,120 PROFESSOR THE SURGERY IN 438 00:17:17,120 --> 00:17:19,000 SURGICAL ONCOLOGY AND SHE TREATS 439 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:22,480 G.I. CANCERS AND ADVOCATE OF 440 00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:23,880 DIVERSITY AND PATIENTS ENROLLED 441 00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:24,560 IN TRIALS. 442 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:26,280 WE HOPE SHE WILL JOINS BIT END 443 00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:27,760 OF THE MONTH IN THE LEADERSHIP 444 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:29,640 RETREAT BUT IT DEPENDS ON 445 00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:31,560 CLEARANCE AND A VARIETY OF OTHER 446 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:31,960 THINGS. 447 00:17:31,960 --> 00:17:33,680 PEOPLE WHO KNOW HER SPEAK VERY 448 00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:36,160 HIGHLY OF HER NOT ONLY OF HER 449 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:37,120 SCIENCE BUT HER LEADERSHIP 450 00:17:37,120 --> 00:17:39,800 SKILLS AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO 451 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:41,960 HAVING HER AT THE TABLE. 452 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:44,280 AND THANK Dr. LOWY FOR HIS 453 00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:45,760 SERVICE AS ACTING DIRECTOR. 454 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:51,200 I HAVE NOT MET WITH Dr. RUSS 455 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:54,080 RUSSELL YET, ALTHOUGH I'VE BEEN 456 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:55,120 IN MEETINGS AND THERE'S A 457 00:17:55,120 --> 00:17:56,760 PLANNED MEETING WITH HIS TEAM 458 00:17:56,760 --> 00:17:57,760 LATER THIS MONTH. 459 00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:02,400 HE WAS NAMED BY SECRETARY AS THE 460 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:08,800 ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF 461 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:10,520 ARPA-H-FOR HEALTH AND THERE'S 462 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:13,680 YET TO BE A PERMANENT DIRECTOR 463 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:16,880 AND THAT WHEN HIS ROLE AS DEPUTY 464 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:18,640 WILL THEN BE CONSOLIDATED. 465 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:20,280 HE WAS A CHIEF SCIENTIST AT 466 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:22,520 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND APPLIED 467 00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:23,840 RESEARCH LABORATORY FOR IN TELL 468 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:28,720 AGAINST AND SECURITY AND HE HAS 469 00:18:28,720 --> 00:18:29,920 EXPERIENCE IN MANAGEMENT IN 470 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:31,720 THESE AREAS AND EXPERTISE AND 471 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:34,720 SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE IN 472 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:36,120 PHYSIOLOGY AND SOCIAL AN THROW 473 00:18:36,120 --> 00:18:40,800 POLICY AND YOU CAN SEE HE WENT 474 00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:43,680 TO DUKE AND OXFORD AND HE BEGAN 475 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:47,680 HIS ROLE AT ARPA-H IN JUNE OF 476 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:48,480 2022. 477 00:18:48,480 --> 00:18:50,440 CURRENTLY ARPA-H IS IN NIH BUT 478 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:52,920 IT'S AUTONOMOUS ENTITY AND 479 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:59,640 REMAINS IN THE D.C. AREA 480 00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:03,000 ALTHOUGH THE FINAL WORD COMES TO 481 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:03,480 CONGRESS. 482 00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:05,400 WE WELCOME KEVIN WILLIAMS FROM 483 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:06,920 THE OFFICE OF EQUITY AND 484 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:07,600 DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION. 485 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:09,040 I'VE HAD THE PLEASURE TO MEET 486 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:11,560 HIM AND HE IS A GREAT ADDITION 487 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:13,360 TO AN IMPORTANT OFFICE IN THE 488 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:19,640 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR THAT 489 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:25,240 OVER'S OUR ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES 490 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:29,800 AND THERE'S A LOT OF IMPORTANT 491 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:31,400 BACKGROUND WORK THAT OCCURS 492 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:32,600 THROUGH THAT OFFICE. 493 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:37,960 ALSO, NINA SHORE, WHO IS THE 494 00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:38,760 DELIGHTFUL INDIVIDUAL. 495 00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:41,880 WAS RECRUITED TO NIH BY Dr. 496 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:43,920 PORTIA AS THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF 497 00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:45,320 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 498 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:47,560 NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND 499 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:48,000 STROKE. 500 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:49,560 SHE IS NOW BEEN NAMED THE 501 00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,760 OFFICIAL ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR 502 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:56,560 OF INTRAMURAL RESEARCH. 503 00:19:56,560 --> 00:19:58,480 DR. TABAK WOULD WANT TO MAKE 504 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:02,800 SURE NEW ENOUGH NIH DIRECTOR IS 505 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:03,480 FINE WITH THIS. 506 00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:07,720 SHE REPLACES MICHAEL GOODERMAN 507 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:11,120 THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR 29 YEARS 508 00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:14,320 AND NINA IS PEDIATRIC 509 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:15,880 NEUROLOGIST AND OVERSEES THE 510 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:18,320 LARGEST BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 511 00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:20,400 PROGRAM IN THE WORLD AND SHE 512 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:23,600 HELPS COORDINATE AND COLLABORATE 513 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:25,640 OVER SEEN BY EACH OF THE I.C.s 514 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:27,440 AND WILL BRING NEW ENERGY AND 515 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,160 IDEAS TO THE PROGRAM. 516 00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:35,160 WE ALSO SAID GOOD-BYE TO JIM 517 00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:35,440 ANDERSON. 518 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:40,000 WHO HAD COME TO NIH AS THE FIRST 519 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:41,160 PERMANENT DIRECTOR OF THE 520 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:42,920 DIVISION OF PROGRAM COORDINATION 521 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:47,320 PLANNING AND STRATEGIC 522 00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:47,600 INITIATIVES. 523 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:49,560 THIS IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO 524 00:20:49,560 --> 00:20:54,160 WITH NIH AS THE PACIPSI IT 525 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:56,120 OVERSEES THE COMMON FUND AND ALL 526 00:20:56,120 --> 00:20:58,040 OF THE OFFICES WITHIN THE OFFICE 527 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:03,000 OF THE DIRECTOR ARE UNDER THIS 528 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:06,640 DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF NIH. 529 00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:09,080 AND SO, THEY WILL BE BIG SHOES 530 00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:10,000 TO FILL. 531 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:11,560 DR. TABAK IS GOING TO LAUNCH THE 532 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:13,480 SEARCH FOR THE NEW PERMANENT 533 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:13,720 DIRECTOR. 534 00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:18,920 IN THE MEANTIME, BISINGER WILL 535 00:21:18,920 --> 00:21:20,160 RETURN AS ACTING DIRECTOR WHILE 536 00:21:20,160 --> 00:21:22,320 THE NATIONAL SEARCH IS 537 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:22,760 INITIATED. 538 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:25,120 JIM WAS A DELIGHT TO WORK WITH. 539 00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:30,360 JUST A REALLY, VERY TERRIFIC 540 00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:33,560 LEADER, BROAD MINDED, ALWAYS WAS 541 00:21:33,560 --> 00:21:36,760 ABLE TO BE FLEXIBLE AND 542 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:39,560 RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF THE 543 00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:41,840 NIH COMMUNITY AND SO WE WILL 544 00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:44,560 MISS HAVING HIM PRESENT. 545 00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:47,360 HE WAS A HEPATOLOGIST BY 546 00:21:47,360 --> 00:21:48,920 BACKGROUND AND IN ADDITION TO 547 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,480 HIS SCIENCE BACKGROUND AS A 548 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:51,920 PH.D. 549 00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:54,760 SO SOME UPDATES WITHIN OUR 550 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:55,440 INSTITUTE. 551 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:56,640 FIRST, LET'S START, WE DON'T 552 00:21:56,640 --> 00:22:00,160 HAVE FINAL BUDGET NUMBERS FOR 553 00:22:00,160 --> 00:22:00,760 2022. 554 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:04,400 WE'RE BUSY CRUNCHING THOSE NOW. 555 00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:08,040 SHARE SOME GLOBAL ASPECTS OF OUR 556 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:09,640 BUDGET AND GRANTS. 557 00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:13,960 THIS IS A TRAJECTORY OF NIMHD'S 558 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:15,960 PRESENCE IN THE SCIENTIFIC 559 00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:20,920 COMMUNITY OF RO1 APPLICATIONS. 560 00:22:20,920 --> 00:22:23,840 SINCE 2016, THIS IS FISCAL YEAR, 561 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:27,000 WHICH IS THE FIRST FISCAL YEAR I 562 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:29,600 OFFICIALLY WAS AT NIH. 563 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:33,920 OUR RO1 APPLICATIONS HAVE 564 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:38,200 QUADRUPLED ROUGHLY, NOT QUITE 565 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:40,240 BUT YOU'VELY, THROUGH 2021. 566 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:41,520 THE NUMBER WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO 567 00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:44,320 FUND HAS JUST ABOUT DOUBLED WITH 568 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:48,960 OUR INCREASE IN 2021 BEING 569 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:50,720 REFLECTED IN THE RO1 AWARDS AND 570 00:22:50,720 --> 00:22:55,680 WE HAD A BIG INCREASE IN 571 00:22:55,680 --> 00:22:57,960 '17 BECAUSE WE TRANSITIONED SOME 572 00:22:57,960 --> 00:22:59,520 OTHER PROGRAMS AND THE GOAL IS 573 00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:01,600 REALLY TO HAVE A STEADY STATE 574 00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:03,240 THAT ISN'T -- THAT ONLY GOES UP 575 00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:06,800 WHEN WE HAVE A INCREASE IN BASE 576 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:10,040 BUDGETS AND YOU CAN SEE OIR 577 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:12,160 SUCCESS RATE HAS PLUMMETED AFTER 578 00:23:12,160 --> 00:23:14,280 17 BUT NOW HAS BEEN INCHING UP 579 00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:18,040 AFTER HITTING A IN 2020. 580 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:22,920 I EXPECT 2022 WILL BE ALSO GOING 581 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:23,920 UP. 582 00:23:23,920 --> 00:23:27,280 OUR SOURCES HAVE SWITCHED TO 583 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,320 BEING MORE COMING FROM OUR 584 00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:32,640 PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENTS. 585 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:36,520 WE BEGAN LAUNCHING THOSE IN 2017 586 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,000 ON THE INITIATIVES AND 587 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:41,440 ENTHUSIASM OF STAFF PROMPTED IN 588 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:45,400 PART BY SOME IDEAS I PUT OUT BUT 589 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:47,160 REALLY MOST OF IT WAS 590 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,120 INITIATIVES LAUNCHED BY STAFF. 591 00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:51,680 THERE ARE A NUMBER THAT COME 592 00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:58,160 FROM RFAs AND SPENDING TO 593 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:00,560 SPECIFIC ISSUES WHETHER IT WAS 594 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:03,920 MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, COVID-19, 595 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:06,080 MISINFORMATION THIS YEAR AND 596 00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:06,440 OTHERS. 597 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:10,120 PRIOR TO 2017 IT WAS ALMOST 598 00:24:10,120 --> 00:24:12,480 EXCLUSIVELY BY RFA AS YOU CAN 599 00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:12,640 SEE. 600 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:16,560 IT WAS A RFA FOR RO1 AND WE 601 00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:17,760 JOINED THE PARENT UNDER Dr. 602 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:19,480 MADDOX AND WE HAVE TRANSITIONED 603 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:24,200 TO THIS PATTERN AND PROBABLY OUR 604 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:27,200 BUDGET WILL HOVER AROUND 50% AND 605 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:31,680 RO1s GIVEN OUR OTHER PROGRAMS 606 00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:37,200 THAT WE ARE REQUIRED OR WANT TO 607 00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:37,520 FUND. 608 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:39,000 IT MAY BE TIME TO MAKE SURE THAT 609 00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:42,120 WE'RE NOT DEPENDING ONLY ON 610 00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:43,920 PAs OR THE COMMUNITY THINGS 611 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:45,600 AND OH WE'LL WAIT FOR THE PA AND 612 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,760 GO THERE WE WANT PEOPLE TO COME 613 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:51,040 UP WITH THEIR OWN IDEAS THAT'S 614 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:52,600 OFTEN THE MOST RELATIVE GRANTS 615 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:55,840 OR IMPACTFUL RESULTS THAT WE GET 616 00:24:55,840 --> 00:24:58,080 AND WE'VE ALSO BEEN PROMOTING 617 00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:00,080 DIVERSITY SUPPLEMENTS. 618 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:00,920 IT VARIES. 619 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:03,360 MY PHILOSOPHY ON THIS IS THAT WE 620 00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:05,640 NEVER HAVE ENOUGH WHEN WE GET TO 621 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:09,520 THE POINT WHERE WE'RE NOT 622 00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:12,120 FUNDING 50% OF THEM IT'S A 623 00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:16,080 MATTER -- SOME IS BUDGETARY 624 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:20,160 PRIORITIES AND QUALITY BUT QUALT 625 00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:21,200 GETTING ENOUGH APPLICATIONS. 626 00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,440 I WOULD TELL EVERY PRINCIPLE 627 00:25:24,440 --> 00:25:27,560 INVESTIGATOR WHO IS LISTENING, 628 00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:30,560 THAT IT'S WHEN YOU GET AN RO1 OR 629 00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:33,400 EQUIVALENT IN A U54 OR P50 WOULD 630 00:25:33,400 --> 00:25:34,760 BE MORE THAN EQUIVALENT. 631 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:39,120 IT'S YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO FIND 632 00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:41,520 CANDIDATES FOR DIVERSITY 633 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:43,520 SUPPLEMENTS AND MHD FUNDS 634 00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:46,480 INDIVIDUALS AT THE LATTER END OF 635 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:48,360 THEIR DEVELOPMENT, CAREER 636 00:25:48,360 --> 00:25:49,600 DEVELOPMENT, SO WE'RE INTERESTED 637 00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:51,600 IN PEOPLE WHO ARE EITHER 638 00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:56,160 POSTDOCS OR EARLY CAREER FACULTY 639 00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:58,840 AND I REALLY WANT TO SEE MORE 640 00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:01,440 COMING THROUGH AND YOU SEE THAT 641 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:02,640 THE RESULTS. 642 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:05,560 WE END UP FUNDING, AT LEAST HALF 643 00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,840 IN ONE YEAR UP TO OVER THREE 644 00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:10,400 QUARTERS. 645 00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:14,560 WE ALSO MONITOR WITH HELP FROM 646 00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:17,920 OUR OER AND COLLEAGUES AS WELL 647 00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:19,560 AS OUR OWN OFFICE. 648 00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,120 WHAT IS OUR AWARD RATE FOR THE 649 00:26:23,120 --> 00:26:23,560 TWO EXTREMES? 650 00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:24,880 THERE'S OF COURSE THE MID CAREER 651 00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:26,400 ONES, I'M NOT SHOWING YOU, I'M 652 00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:27,600 NOT GOING TO SHOW YOU. 653 00:26:27,600 --> 00:26:29,840 EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS ARE, 654 00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:31,840 WE GET FEEDBACK ALL THE TIME AS 655 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:36,680 TO HOW WE DO AND WE'RE A SMALL 656 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:38,680 CONTRIBUTOR TO THE BIG PICTURE 657 00:26:38,680 --> 00:26:40,160 AT NIH. 658 00:26:40,160 --> 00:26:44,280 WE'RE NOT ABSENT AT THIS TABLE. 659 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:46,640 SUE CAN SEE WE'VE HAD MORE 660 00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:48,880 APPLICATIONS INCHING UP ON 661 00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:50,960 AWARDS IN BEGINNING MORE CLEARLY 662 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:53,920 IN 2021 AS WE'VE HAD BETTER 663 00:26:53,920 --> 00:26:55,560 BUDGETARY PERSPECTIVES AND WE'RE 664 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:58,040 UP TO 18% IN 2021 AND WE'LL SEE 665 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:00,280 HOW WE DO THIS YEAR WHICH IS 666 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:03,800 BETTER THAN THE OVER ALL RO1 667 00:27:03,800 --> 00:27:06,120 SUCCESS I SHOWED YOU EARLIER OF 668 00:27:06,120 --> 00:27:06,840 13%. 669 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:09,360 NOW, WHAT ABOUT ESTABLISH 670 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:13,080 HAVINGORS? 671 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:13,640 INVESTIGATORS. 672 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:15,080 THEY'RE DOING BETTER BY A SLIDE 673 00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:15,480 AMOUNT. 674 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,720 AND CONTINUE TO DO SO IN 2021. 675 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:22,760 AND EXPERIENCE OR ESTABLISHED 676 00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:24,520 INVESTIGATORS THAT ARE NOT 677 00:27:24,520 --> 00:27:27,160 DEFINED BY AGE, BY THEIR NUMBER 678 00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:31,560 OF RO1s THAT THEY HAVE 679 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:33,200 SUCCESSFULLY HAD. 680 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,200 SO, LEGISLATIVE UPDATES, WE DO 681 00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:37,440 NOT HAVE A BUDGET AND WE DO NOT 682 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:39,360 EXPECT TO HAVE A BUDGET 683 00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:39,720 OCTOBER 1. 684 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:42,600 THAT'S A RARE OCCURRENCE IN THE 685 00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:45,560 LAST TWO DECADES. 686 00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:47,640 IF WE EXPECT CONGRESS TO DO ITS 687 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:50,160 WORK, HOPEFULLY WE'LL HAVE A 688 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:52,880 BUDGET BEFORE THE NEW CALENDER 689 00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:53,120 YEAR. 690 00:27:53,120 --> 00:27:54,880 I REMIND THAW WE DIDN'T HAVE ONE 691 00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:57,520 THIS FISCAL YEAR UNTIL MARCH. 692 00:27:57,520 --> 00:27:58,960 SO ESSENTIALLY ALMOST SIX MONTHS 693 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:01,640 OR HALFWAY THROUGH THE YEAR. 694 00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:03,760 WE WILL ASSUME WE'LL HAVE A 695 00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:05,880 CONTINUE RESOLUTION WORK WITH 696 00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:08,200 THAT AND PROCEED WITH OUR WORK 697 00:28:08,200 --> 00:28:10,600 IN A CONSERVATIVE MANNER AFTER 698 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:12,640 OCTOBER, AFTER THE BOOKS CLOSE 699 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:16,080 AND WE START UP AGAIN IN 700 00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:19,000 MID-OCTOBER WITH FUNDING. 701 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:20,760 WE CONTINUE TO BE RESPONSIVE TO 702 00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:25,120 REQUEST FROM CONGRESSIONAL 703 00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:25,320 STAFF. 704 00:28:25,320 --> 00:28:26,360 Dr. DURAN MET WITH THE STAFF 705 00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:29,440 FROM SENATOR CASSIDY WHO IS 706 00:28:29,440 --> 00:28:30,720 INTERESTED IN ARTIFICIAL 707 00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,560 INTELLIGENCE AND MEDICAL 708 00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:34,520 IMAGING. 709 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:35,480 SENATOR CASSIE IS ONE OF THE 710 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:39,680 PHYSICIANS IN THE SENATE, HE IS 711 00:28:39,680 --> 00:28:41,240 A GASTRO INTERNOLOGIST AND I'VE 712 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:42,920 MET WITH HIM IN-PERSON A FEW 713 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:44,000 YEARS AGO. 714 00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,600 WE ALSO MET WITH THE STAFF, 715 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:51,120 HEALTH STAFFER FOR SENATOR 716 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,480 WARNICK AS WELL AS WITH BUDDY 717 00:28:53,480 --> 00:28:57,480 CARTER FROM GEORGIA AND THE 718 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:02,120 STAFF FROM REMEMBER SEN TIVE 719 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:02,720 BARRAGAN AND THEY WERE 720 00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:03,840 INTERESTED IN SEEING WHAT WAS 721 00:29:03,840 --> 00:29:05,080 GOING TO HAPPEN WHEN WE WERE 722 00:29:05,080 --> 00:29:09,200 GOING TO ACTUALLY PUBLISH THE 723 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:10,720 RFA ON THE ENDOWMENT AND I'LL 724 00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:15,400 COME BACK TO THAT IN A FEW 725 00:29:15,400 --> 00:29:15,800 MINUTES. 726 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:17,320 WE'RE IN-PERSON WE'D ASK HER TO 727 00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:23,120 STAND UP NOW AND MAYBE, I THINK 728 00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:24,960 YOU ARE AT THE VIRTUAL TABLE. 729 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:26,960 YOU CAN TURN YOUR CAMERA ON TO 730 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:33,600 SHOW THE REST OF THE COMMUNITY 731 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:39,880 AND CAMERA AND WE SELECTED 732 00:29:39,880 --> 00:29:41,880 THERESA FOWLER TO BE THE FINIST 733 00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:45,600 AND BASED IN THE OFFICE OF THE 734 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,160 DIRECTOR AND UNDER MYSELF AND 735 00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:48,440 MONICA. 736 00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:51,200 SHE CAME TO US FROM NATIONAL 737 00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:52,880 INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND 738 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:55,720 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THIS IS A 739 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:58,880 POSITION THAT EVERY INSTITUTE AT 740 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:01,680 NIH HAS SOUGHT TO ESTABLISH IN 741 00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:02,680 WITHIN WAY OR ANOTHER. 742 00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:05,720 I BELIEVE MOST OF NOW POINTED 743 00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:07,520 SOMEONE EITHER THEY HAVE SOMEONE 744 00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:10,880 LOCALLY INTERNALLY AND WENT 745 00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:13,160 THROUGH THE SEARCH LIKE WE DID 746 00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:15,760 AND NIMHD IS EXCLUSIVELY FOCUSED 747 00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:18,960 ON ISSUES AROUND DIVERSITY AND 748 00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:20,600 WORK ENVIRONMENT AND MOST OTHER 749 00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:23,200 INSTITUTES ARE ALSO ADDING THE 750 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:24,240 RESPONSIBILITY OF LOOKING AT 751 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:27,760 THEIR HEALTH DISPARITIES 752 00:30:27,760 --> 00:30:28,160 RESEARCH. 753 00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:31,440 WE OF COURSE DO THAT FOR 754 00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:37,000 FULL-TIME SO TRIESTA WILL BRING 755 00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:39,920 HER TALENTS AS 20 YEARS AS A 756 00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:42,040 PEDIATRICIAN AND ALSO BEING AT 757 00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,240 NIH, IN COMMUNICATION, 758 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:46,920 INTRAMURAL AS WELL AS HER 759 00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:48,120 KNOWLEDGE OF CHILD HEALTH 760 00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:48,680 ISSUES. 761 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:52,000 SO WE LOOK FORWARD TO HAVING HER 762 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:54,760 ON BOARD AND CONTRIBUTING TO 763 00:30:54,760 --> 00:30:56,400 PROGRAM AS WELL. 764 00:30:56,400 --> 00:31:05,760 WE ALSO MOVED Dr. DORTHY 765 00:31:05,760 --> 00:31:12,360 CASTILLE TO BE OUR TRAINING COR 766 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:22,040 DIN AND MANAGE NOT THE LEAST OF 767 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:24,360 WHICH IS THE CENTER, THE 768 00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:27,680 COORDINATING CENTER FOR THE 769 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:29,120 RADX-UP PROGRAM WHICH HAS BEEN 770 00:31:29,120 --> 00:31:31,600 TERRIFIC PART OF OUR PROGRAM. 771 00:31:31,600 --> 00:31:35,400 ALSO, WE WELCOME ANTHONY JOHNSON 772 00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:39,040 TO THE DIVISION OF INTRAMURAL 773 00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:39,720 RESEARCH. 774 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:41,680 Dr. JOHNSON IS KNOWN, LIKES TO 775 00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:45,520 BE CALLED A.J. AND HE JOINED 776 00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:48,120 Dr. NAPALIS IN DIVISION TO 777 00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:49,680 PROVIDE GUIDANCE AND ASSISTANCE 778 00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:52,160 IN DEVELOPING TRAINING PROGRAMS 779 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,520 AND POLICIES AND BUILD A PROGRAM 780 00:31:54,520 --> 00:31:57,800 AND COORDINATE THE INVESTIGATORS 781 00:31:57,800 --> 00:32:01,320 AND THE INVESTIGATORS AND SENIOR 782 00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:03,760 INVESTIGATOR AS WELL AS WE HAVE 783 00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:09,160 Dr. NAPALAS LAB AND INTRAMURAL 784 00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:11,640 LAB BASED AT NIMHD AND MY LAB 785 00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:13,720 COORDINATES CLOSELY WITH NIMHD. 786 00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:15,000 I BELIEVE THAT IN THE SUMMER 787 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,360 WHEN WE HAVE SUMMER USED THE 788 00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:21,760 PROGRAM IS CLOSE TO 50 TRAINEES 789 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:26,960 SO IT'S A WONDERFUL COMPONENT OF 790 00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:31,920 NIH'S INTRAMURAL PROGRAM THAT 791 00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:34,720 PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES AND FOR 792 00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:38,560 TRAINEES GOING FROM COLLEGE 793 00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:47,120 STUDENTS TO WOVE A DIVERSE POOL 794 00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:48,760 OF TRAINEES. 795 00:32:48,760 --> 00:32:50,680 SO, THANK YOU A.J. 796 00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:54,320 WE ALSO SAID GOOD-BYE TO RICK 797 00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:58,160 BURGEON WHO HAD BEEN AT NIMHD 798 00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:00,520 FOR 13 YEARS. 799 00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:02,560 HE WAS HERE WHEN I ARRIVED AND I 800 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:07,680 REMEMBER HIM VERY FONDLY IN HIS 801 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:12,760 OWN WAY OF DOING THE WORK 802 00:33:12,760 --> 00:33:15,240 ADAPTED TO THE DIFFERENT STYLES 803 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:17,040 OF, I THINK THREE OR FOUR 804 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:18,560 DIFFERENT VISION DIRECTORS. 805 00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:23,600 HE DID RETIRE OFFICIALLY ON JUL. 806 00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:26,000 HE WAS VERY COMMITTED TO 807 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:26,920 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS WHICH OF 808 00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:28,360 COURSE WE HAD VERY LITTLE 809 00:33:28,360 --> 00:33:31,680 INVOLVEMENT IN BUT HE KEPT THAT 810 00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:33,000 FLAME ALIVE. 811 00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:36,440 AND ALSO, HIS VERY MUCH FOCUSED 812 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:40,080 ON NIH/AIDS AS PART OF HIS 813 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:42,600 PRIORITIES AND SUBJECT MATTER 814 00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:43,000 EXPERTISE. 815 00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:45,760 AND JUDY ARROYO WHO HAD COME TO 816 00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:47,040 US FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 817 00:33:47,040 --> 00:33:49,800 ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM 818 00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:54,040 WILL WELCOME ME TO NIH BACK IN 819 00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:57,840 2015, FEDERAL LATINA, SHE 820 00:33:57,840 --> 00:34:07,480 ENTHUSUPPORTED OUR RADX FOR NOT 821 00:34:07,480 --> 00:34:08,560 POPULATION AND RETIRED IN THE 822 00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,960 END OF MAY AFTER OUR LAST 823 00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:12,200 COUNCIL. 824 00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:15,280 SO BACK TO THE JOHN LOUIS NIMHD 825 00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:20,040 RESEARCH ENDOWMENT PROGRAM, THIS 826 00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:24,040 IS A UNIQUE PROGRAM AND MANY OF 827 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:26,160 YOU AND NOT WELL-KNOWN ACROSS 828 00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:27,800 NIH I WOULD SAY OR EVEN TO THE 829 00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,360 MANY IN THE SCIENTIFIC 830 00:34:29,360 --> 00:34:29,680 COMMUNITY. 831 00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:30,680 I CERTAINLY LEARNED ABOUT IT 832 00:34:30,680 --> 00:34:33,240 WHEN I GOT HERE. 833 00:34:33,240 --> 00:34:35,720 WE WERE AUTHORIZED TO DO THIS 834 00:34:35,720 --> 00:34:38,360 WITH OUR ORIGINAL LEGISLATION 835 00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:40,600 AND SINCE 2002, THE RESEARCH 836 00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:42,480 ENDOWMENT PROGRAM HAD AWARDED, 837 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:45,080 AS YOU CAN SEE, CLOSE TO 838 00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:47,360 $500 MILLION TO 22 INSTITUTIONS. 839 00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:50,000 TO BE ELIGIBLE, THE INSTITUTION 840 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,280 HAS TO HAVE LESS THAN HALF THE 841 00:34:53,280 --> 00:34:55,240 MEDIAN ENDOWMENT. 842 00:34:55,240 --> 00:34:56,440 YOU CAN DO THE BATH. 843 00:34:56,440 --> 00:35:00,400 IT'S ABOUT A 25th PERCENTILE. 844 00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:02,600 IT VARIES A LITTLE BIT AND IT'S 845 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:08,520 IN THE BALLPARK $250 MILLION OR 846 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:12,040 SO AND HAVE HAD AT THE 847 00:35:12,040 --> 00:35:15,480 ORIGINALLY, A EITHER A HRSA OR 848 00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:19,800 AN NIMHD CENTER OF EXCELLENCE. 849 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:20,840 WHICH WAS ALSO NIMHD WAS 850 00:35:20,840 --> 00:35:22,280 AUTHORIZED TO DO THESE WHEN WE 851 00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:25,640 WERE CREATED. 852 00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:33,680 SO, IT WAS LIMIT AND IT WAS SET 853 00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:41,240 BY THE DIRECTOR AND MYSELF AND 854 00:35:41,240 --> 00:35:43,480 WHEN HAPPENS AS THE PROGRAM 855 00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:45,600 TRANSITIONED PARTLY DUE TO MY 856 00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,160 OWN DECISIONS AT THE DIRECTION I 857 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:52,360 WANTED TO TAKE THE INSTITUTE, WE 858 00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:56,440 HAD FEWER NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE 859 00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:59,240 INSTITUTIONS AND SO A TECHNICAL 860 00:35:59,240 --> 00:36:01,760 FIX THROUGH CONGRESS WAS TO 861 00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:06,240 BASICALLY MAKE EVERYONE ELIGIBLE 862 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:09,080 IF THEY HAD A CURRENT OR FORMER 863 00:36:09,080 --> 00:36:10,920 NIMHD OR HRSA CENTER OF 864 00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:11,240 EXCELLENCE. 865 00:36:11,240 --> 00:36:12,800 KEEP IN MIND SOME OF THESE 866 00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:15,400 CENTERS HAVE ALWAYS GONE TO 867 00:36:15,400 --> 00:36:17,680 HIGH-END INSTITUTIONS AT EITHER 868 00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:21,000 AGENCY AND EITHER NIH OR HRSA SO 869 00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:24,960 THIS WAS NOT AN ISSUE WITH A 870 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:27,040 SIMPLE RESPONSE AND WE WENT FROM 871 00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:29,160 HAVING THREE OR FOUR ELIGIBLE 872 00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:30,440 INSTITUTIONS NOW TO BACK TO A 873 00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:34,360 LIST OF OVER 40. 874 00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:36,360 SO WE ARE ENTHUSIASTICALLY 875 00:36:36,360 --> 00:36:38,680 ANTICIPATING PUBLISHING THE 876 00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:42,200 FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT, THE RFA 877 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:42,480 SOON. 878 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:46,120 IT WORKS ITS WAY THROUGH THE NIH 879 00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:49,520 PROCESS AND THEN WE WILL HAVE 880 00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:51,360 AWARDS OF DEADLINE FOR 881 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:55,640 SUBMISSION AND 90 DAYS AFTER 882 00:36:55,640 --> 00:36:57,440 PUBLICATION AND REVIEW AND 883 00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:00,160 CLEARANCE AT MAY 2023 COUNCIL. 884 00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:02,800 RIGHT NOW, WE'RE COMMITTED TO AT 885 00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:04,240 LEAST $12 MILLION IN FISCAL '23. 886 00:37:04,240 --> 00:37:07,040 WE HAVE THE FLEXIBILITY TO 887 00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:09,040 INCREASE THAT DEPENDING ON HOW 888 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:11,280 OUR BUDGET PROCESS PANS OUT. 889 00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:14,720 SO WE LOOK FORWARD TO RESTARTING 890 00:37:14,720 --> 00:37:17,320 THIS CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAM 891 00:37:17,320 --> 00:37:19,800 THAT HAS I THINK DONE A LOT OF 892 00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:21,320 GOOD THINGS FOR THE INSTITUTION 893 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:23,000 THAT'S HAVE SUCCESSFULLY 894 00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:24,880 COMPETED FOR THEM. 895 00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:27,840 THIS IS ONE OF BENEFITS OF ZOOM, 896 00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:30,160 I GUESS OR A VIRTUAL MEETING 897 00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:32,720 FORMAT AND WONDERFUL PHOTO OF 898 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:34,480 OUR 2022 HEALTH DISPARITIES 899 00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:37,400 RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND I WOULD 900 00:37:37,400 --> 00:37:40,120 SAY THAT THIS IS ONE OF THE 901 00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:41,080 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR. 902 00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:42,920 I ACTUALLY WOULD LOVE TO SEE 903 00:37:42,920 --> 00:37:46,920 THIS HAPPEN IN-PERSON AGAIN, 904 00:37:46,920 --> 00:37:49,280 ALTHOUGH DOING IT VIRTUALLY HAS 905 00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:50,680 SPECIAL FEATURES. 906 00:37:50,680 --> 00:37:53,400 THIS IS A PROGRAM WE LAUNCHED IN 907 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,120 2016 SORT OF A FOLLOW-UP TO THE 908 00:37:55,120 --> 00:37:57,680 COURSE THAT HAD HAPPENED AT 909 00:37:57,680 --> 00:37:59,840 NIMHD PRIOR TO MY ARRIVAL. 910 00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:05,000 IT IS SORT OF A WEEK-LONG 911 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,440 PROGRAM TO GIVE THE NETWORKING 912 00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:10,200 SOME SCIENTIST I CAN SKILLS AND 913 00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:13,480 SOME SPECIFIC SKILLS TO SELECT 914 00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:14,080 SCHOLARS. 915 00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:16,640 THE APPLICATION PROCESS USUALLY 916 00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:22,760 BEGINS IN MARCH AND YOU CAN SEE 917 00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:26,200 THAT VIRTUAL FORMAT A LOUSE US 918 00:38:26,200 --> 00:38:28,520 TO BE MOM A MORE. 919 00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:31,440 IT'S TARGETED TO POSTDOC TO BAL 920 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:33,360 FELLOWS, SENIOR POSTDOC TO BAL 921 00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:38,080 FELLOWS AND EARLY CAREER FACULTY 922 00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:40,400 AND WE REPRESENTED A BROAD 923 00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,640 NUMBER OF STATES AND DISTRICT OF 924 00:38:43,640 --> 00:38:43,920 COLOMBIA. 925 00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:47,520 AND REALLY THE MOST BENEFICIAL 926 00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:49,440 TIME OF THE FOUR AND A HALF DAYS 927 00:38:49,440 --> 00:38:52,520 THAT THEY SPEND WITH US, WAS 928 00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:53,280 NETWORKING. 929 00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:56,280 NETWORKING AMONG THEMSELVES WAS 930 00:38:56,280 --> 00:38:57,480 SOMETHING THAT NATURALLY HAPPENS 931 00:38:57,480 --> 00:38:59,400 WHEN YOU BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER 932 00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:04,080 AND ALSO NETWORKING WITH OUR 933 00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:05,960 TERRIFIC STAFF FROM NIMHD AND 934 00:39:05,960 --> 00:39:07,520 NIH, THE REST OF THE INSTITUTE. 935 00:39:07,520 --> 00:39:09,160 SO STAFF WERE MOTIVATED TO MEET 936 00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:11,040 WITH THEM DOING A HALF A DAY 937 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:11,360 SESSION. 938 00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:14,720 THEY DO GET A GRANT REVIEW 939 00:39:14,720 --> 00:39:17,640 SESSION, A REAL GRANT AS 940 00:39:17,640 --> 00:39:17,960 REVIEWED. 941 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:19,320 GRANT THAT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED 942 00:39:19,320 --> 00:39:21,000 AND REVIEWED AND THEY GET TO SEE 943 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:22,440 WHAT IT'S LIKE. 944 00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:26,120 THEY ALSO GET SOME SUPPORT IN 945 00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:32,240 THE PAST FROM AAMC AND A WRITING 946 00:39:32,240 --> 00:39:33,800 SKILLS WORKSHOP. 947 00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:38,760 AS WELL AS SELECTED TALKS BY 948 00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:39,120 INVESTIGATORS. 949 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:43,360 WE STARTED A RECOGNITION OF AN 950 00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:45,520 EARLY CAREER SIGN TIVE LAST 951 00:39:45,520 --> 00:39:45,840 YEAR. 952 00:39:45,840 --> 00:39:47,640 WE DID IT AGAIN THIS YEAR WHICH 953 00:39:47,640 --> 00:39:50,200 IS SOMEONE WHO USUALLY HAS BEEN 954 00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:53,160 THROUGH AN INITIAL PHASE OF A K 955 00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:56,040 AWARD AND IT'S BEEN SUCCESSFUL 956 00:39:56,040 --> 00:39:57,800 AS A SCIENTIST AND THEIR 957 00:39:57,800 --> 00:39:59,840 INSTITUTION AND THIS IS A 958 00:39:59,840 --> 00:40:03,280 PROFILE AND WE OF COURSE DO NOT 959 00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,920 CREATE ANY CRITERIA OF RACE 960 00:40:05,920 --> 00:40:08,240 ETHNICITY TO OR ANY OTHER 961 00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:12,760 IDENTITY FACTOR TO BE ELIGIBLE 962 00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:14,480 FOR OUR PROGRAM. 963 00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:20,320 YOU CAN SEE WOMEN DO FEMALES DO 964 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:21,880 PREDOMINATE AND PH.D PREDOMINATE 965 00:40:21,880 --> 00:40:23,760 WHICH IS NORMAL FOR NIH BUT WE 966 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:25,960 GET A FAIR NUMBER OF PHYSICIANS 967 00:40:25,960 --> 00:40:34,680 AS WELL AS OTHER CLINICIANS 968 00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:36,920 WOULD WE'RE PROUD OF THIS 969 00:40:36,920 --> 00:40:38,280 PROGRAM AND WE WILL CONTINUE TO 970 00:40:38,280 --> 00:40:42,160 OFFER IT EVERY YEAR. 971 00:40:42,160 --> 00:40:44,280 SOME LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES. 972 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:49,360 Dr. WEB COOPER LED -- THIS IS 973 00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:52,920 A HUMONGOUS EFFORT REALLY TO BE 974 00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:57,120 THE SORT OF THE CHIEF EDITOR, 975 00:40:57,120 --> 00:40:59,840 PRODUCER OF THIS NCI TOBACCO 976 00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:01,160 CONTROL MONOGRAPH. 977 00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:03,280 NO SMALL DEAL ON TREATING 978 00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:05,440 SMOKING AND CANCER PATIENTS AND 979 00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:07,080 MONICA SHARES SOME OF HER OWN 980 00:41:07,080 --> 00:41:11,680 WORK WHEN SHE PRESENTED TO 981 00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:13,920 COUNCIL PREVIOUSLY. 982 00:41:13,920 --> 00:41:16,840 ANNA NAPOLES WAS THE FOCUS OF 983 00:41:16,840 --> 00:41:23,840 HILL AND TELEMUNDO ON LATINA 984 00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:30,200 LEADERS SUM EXIT LARISSA HEALTH 985 00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:34,160 SERVICES GAVE A KEYNOTE TALK ON 986 00:41:34,160 --> 00:41:36,920 THE RCMI AND I'M VERY PROUD OF 987 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:38,840 ALL OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR 988 00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:42,560 STAFF AND OUR LEADERS. 989 00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:46,120 WE NOW ARE -- I THINK THIS IS 990 00:41:46,120 --> 00:41:50,920 YEAR TWO OR THREE OF THIS 991 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:55,080 PROGRAM AND THE DESIGN WHICH IS 992 00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:56,800 A NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 993 00:41:56,800 --> 00:41:58,400 BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND 994 00:41:58,400 --> 00:42:01,480 BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 995 00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:07,640 INITIATIVE THAT BRUCE TROMBERG 996 00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:09,160 PERSUADED ME TO DO AND IT'S AREA 997 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:13,280 THAT WE HAVE NOT DEVELOPED AS 998 00:42:13,280 --> 00:42:15,160 MUCH AND SCIENCE IN THE FOCUS ON 999 00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:18,880 MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH 1000 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:19,440 DISPARITIES. 1001 00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:25,680 THE EQUINOX PROPOSED BY SOMEONE 1002 00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,120 FROM JOHNS HOPKINS, WON THE OVER 1003 00:42:27,120 --> 00:42:28,760 ALL PRIZE AND I SHOW IT EVEN 1004 00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:31,480 THOUGH IT WAS OFFICIALLY THROUGH 1005 00:42:31,480 --> 00:42:34,040 NIBIB BECAUSE I THINK REALLY IT 1006 00:42:34,040 --> 00:42:35,600 WAS THE SELECTION IS TO REALLY 1007 00:42:35,600 --> 00:42:41,200 ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF HOW PULSE 1008 00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:42,400 OX SEM TER DATA WE'VE BEEN USING 1009 00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:45,920 SO MUCH IN THE COVID ERA AND TO 1010 00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:48,880 REALLY TRIAGE INDIVIDUALS TO 1011 00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:52,440 WHETHER OR NOT THEY NEED TO HAVE 1012 00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:55,080 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN, AND IT'S 1013 00:42:55,080 --> 00:42:57,200 EASY ENOUGH TO GET ONE AND DO IT 1014 00:42:57,200 --> 00:42:59,320 AT HOME AND USE AN EASY TO 1015 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,520 REMEMBER CUT OFF UNDER 90% TO 1016 00:43:02,520 --> 00:43:07,640 SAY WELL SOMEONE NEEDS TO SEE 1017 00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:08,360 THIS PERSON. 1018 00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:10,800 A CLINICIAN NEEDS TO SEE THIS 1019 00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:12,720 PERSON. 1020 00:43:12,720 --> 00:43:13,920 DARKER-SKIN INDIVIDUALS WERE NOT 1021 00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:15,240 GETTING AS ACCURATE MEASURES. 1022 00:43:15,240 --> 00:43:18,600 THIS WAS NOT REALLY DETERMINED 1023 00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:20,440 UNTIL COVID-19 CAME. 1024 00:43:20,440 --> 00:43:26,720 THERE WAS A B A BIAS SO IT WAS 1025 00:43:26,720 --> 00:43:28,320 ADJUSTED THROUGH AN ENGINEERING 1026 00:43:28,320 --> 00:43:32,640 FIX IN ORDER TO GET MORE 1027 00:43:32,640 --> 00:43:32,920 ACCURACY. 1028 00:43:32,920 --> 00:43:37,480 AS THIS HAPPY HEART, WHICH IS A 1029 00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:38,120 CLEVER APPROACH TO DOING WHAT 1030 00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:39,000 YOU CAN DO. 1031 00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:42,800 YOU CAN ACTUALLY GO ON-LINE AND 1032 00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:47,600 GET THIS GIMMICK, THIS CARD, THE 1033 00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:51,000 BASIC ONE AND I THINK IT RUNS 1034 00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:53,200 FOR $100 FROM THIS FDA-APPROVED 1035 00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:58,360 ONE FOR ADULTS AND GET A SINGLE 1036 00:43:58,360 --> 00:43:59,800 LEAD ELECTRO CARDIO GRAM BY 1037 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,080 PUTTING YOUR TWO FINGERS ON IT 1038 00:44:02,080 --> 00:44:04,000 FOR 30 SECONDS AND THEN YOU CAN 1039 00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:07,680 SEE WHETHER SOMEONE MIGHT BE IN 1040 00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:09,800 ABNORMAL RHYTHM THAT DOES 1041 00:44:09,800 --> 00:44:12,200 REQUIRE ATTENTION IF YOU FEEL 1042 00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:13,760 PALPITATIONS WITH YOUR IRREGULAR 1043 00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:15,600 HEART RATE FOR OLDER ADULTS THAT 1044 00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:20,160 MAY BE A USEFUL ADJUNCT FOR 1045 00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:23,000 SELF-MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH. 1046 00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:25,600 THIS IS A CLEVER MODIFICATION 1047 00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:26,720 FOR CHILDREN. 1048 00:44:26,720 --> 00:44:28,440 YOU CAN SEE YOU HOLD IT WITH 1049 00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:33,000 YOUR HANDS AND YOU HAVE 1050 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:34,200 ENTERTAINMENT SCREEN THERE 1051 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:35,480 BECAUSE KIDS UNDER A CERTAIN 1052 00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:38,800 AGE, I SUPPOSE, I THINK IT WAS 1053 00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:40,800 TARGETING UNDERAGE 10 ARE 1054 00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:43,760 UNLIKELY TO SIT STILL FOR 30 1055 00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:47,000 SECONDS AND SO THIS WAS THE ONE 1056 00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:51,320 THAT RECEIVED THE AWARD FROM 1057 00:44:51,320 --> 00:44:51,720 NIMHD. 1058 00:44:51,720 --> 00:44:53,680 LET ME ALSO CALL YOUR ATTENTION, 1059 00:44:53,680 --> 00:44:55,440 THIS IS SOMETHING WE WILL PUSH 1060 00:44:55,440 --> 00:44:57,720 OUT THROUGH OUR LIST SERVE IF IT 1061 00:44:57,720 --> 00:44:59,480 HASN'T ALREADY HAPPENED. 1062 00:44:59,480 --> 00:45:01,040 THE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP TOP 1063 00:45:01,040 --> 00:45:04,360 ADVANCE SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY OR 1064 00:45:04,360 --> 00:45:05,160 COMPASS PROGRAMS. 1065 00:45:05,160 --> 00:45:07,920 THIS IS A COMMON FUND PROGRAM. 1066 00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:10,240 I'M ONE OF THE CO-CHAIRS. 1067 00:45:10,240 --> 00:45:12,400 I HAVE BEEN FOR THE PAST YEAR 1068 00:45:12,400 --> 00:45:14,680 BUT THERE'S LITERALLY 100 STAFF 1069 00:45:14,680 --> 00:45:16,960 ACROSS NIH WHO HAVE BEEN WORKING 1070 00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:18,720 ON THIS PRIMARILY AT THE COMMON 1071 00:45:18,720 --> 00:45:23,200 FUND AND ALSO ACROSS DIFFERENT 1072 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:24,160 INSTITUTES. 1073 00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:26,240 AND THIS IS ANNOUNCED THAT THESE 1074 00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:28,680 ARE RFAs ARE GOING TO BE 1075 00:45:28,680 --> 00:45:29,520 PUBLISHED. 1076 00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:31,640 SO, I URGE OUR COMMUNITY TO PAY 1077 00:45:31,640 --> 00:45:32,880 ATTENTION TO THIS AND I HAVE 1078 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:39,160 BEEN PLEASED TO SEE PROFESSIONAL 1079 00:45:39,160 --> 00:45:40,680 SOCIETY I'M CLOSEST TO HAVE 1080 00:45:40,680 --> 00:45:43,480 PICKED UP ON THIS AND CIRCULATED 1081 00:45:43,480 --> 00:45:46,160 WITHIN THEIR HEALTH DISPARITIES 1082 00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:47,040 INTEREST GROUPS. 1083 00:45:47,040 --> 00:45:50,800 THERE'S GOING TO BE TWO COMING 1084 00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:53,280 OUT FIRST. 1085 00:45:53,280 --> 00:45:57,040 ONE TO FUND A COMMUNITY 1086 00:45:57,040 --> 00:46:01,440 ORGANIZATION TO ACTUALLY DO AND 1087 00:46:01,440 --> 00:46:03,240 DEVELOP THE IMPLEMENT THE 1088 00:46:03,240 --> 00:46:05,440 INTERVENTION ON STRUCTURAL 1089 00:46:05,440 --> 00:46:07,200 FACTORS TO DECREASE DISPARITIES. 1090 00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:10,240 SO THIS IS A TRANSFORMATIVE 1091 00:46:10,240 --> 00:46:12,840 PROGRAM, WE THINK, IN THAT IS 1092 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:15,760 ADDRESSING STRUCTURAL FACTORS TO 1093 00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:18,120 BE DEFINED TO ADDRESS 1094 00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:18,440 DISPARITIES. 1095 00:46:18,440 --> 00:46:21,960 IT WAS SUBSTANTIVE FUNDING OVER 1096 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:25,080 THE COURSE OF SEVEN YEARS. 1097 00:46:25,080 --> 00:46:26,760 ALSO, THE FUNDING IS GOING TO GO 1098 00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:29,200 TO THE COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION. 1099 00:46:29,200 --> 00:46:34,040 IT WILL NOT GO TO ACADEMIC 1100 00:46:34,040 --> 00:46:34,440 INSTITUTIONS. 1101 00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:35,840 WE URGE AND WE WILL WORK WITH 1102 00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:37,640 THE COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS TO 1103 00:46:37,640 --> 00:46:42,320 MAKE SURE THAT THEY PARTNER WITH 1104 00:46:42,320 --> 00:46:46,280 RESEARCHERS IN THIS SPACE IN 1105 00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:47,040 EVERY WAY POSSIBLE. 1106 00:46:47,040 --> 00:46:50,240 WE KNOW THAT THERE'S A TERRIFIC 1107 00:46:50,240 --> 00:46:52,080 GROUP OF EXPERIENCED SCIENTISTS 1108 00:46:52,080 --> 00:46:54,520 OUT THERE WHO ARE POISE TO DO 1109 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:54,840 THIS. 1110 00:46:54,840 --> 00:46:56,640 RATHER THAN GO FROM ACADEMICS TO 1111 00:46:56,640 --> 00:46:58,640 THE COMMUNITY, THIS IS GOING 1112 00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:01,280 FROM COMMUNITY TO ACADEMICS. 1113 00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,400 SO IN THAT OTHER WAY, IT'S A 1114 00:47:04,400 --> 00:47:06,320 TRANSFORMATIVE PROGRAM. 1115 00:47:06,320 --> 00:47:08,160 THERE WILL BE A COORDINATION 1116 00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:10,720 CENTER THAT WILL BE A MORE 1117 00:47:10,720 --> 00:47:12,880 TYPICAL ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTER, 1118 00:47:12,880 --> 00:47:16,680 WE ASSUME, BUT IT'S U-24 A 1119 00:47:16,680 --> 00:47:20,760 RESEARCH CENTER AND THAT WILL BE 1120 00:47:20,760 --> 00:47:23,520 PUBLISHED THAT RFA WILL BE 1121 00:47:23,520 --> 00:47:25,160 PUBLISHED AT THE SAME TIME. 1122 00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:28,440 PERIODICALLY, WE DO HOLD GRANTEE 1123 00:47:28,440 --> 00:47:30,720 MEETINGS OF PROGRAMS. 1124 00:47:30,720 --> 00:47:32,400 I'M ALWAYS SORT OF ANTICIPATING 1125 00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:34,840 THESE OR EAGER TO ASK OUR 1126 00:47:34,840 --> 00:47:36,760 DIVISION DIRECTORS AND STAFF TO 1127 00:47:36,760 --> 00:47:39,240 ORGANIZE THESE SO WE CAN FIND 1128 00:47:39,240 --> 00:47:42,880 OUT WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? 1129 00:47:42,880 --> 00:47:48,880 SOCIAL EPIGENOMICS WAS A R01 1130 00:47:48,880 --> 00:47:51,240 PROGRAM THAT WAS LAUNCHED NOW 1131 00:47:51,240 --> 00:47:52,920 FIVE YEARS AGO AND SO IT'S A 1132 00:47:52,920 --> 00:47:54,440 GOOD TIME TO SORT OF REFLECT AND 1133 00:47:54,440 --> 00:47:58,800 SEE WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED. 1134 00:47:58,800 --> 00:48:02,160 IT IS STILL A WAYS TO GO ON 1135 00:48:02,160 --> 00:48:05,680 GETTING SOME PRODUCTS OUT AND 1136 00:48:05,680 --> 00:48:07,720 MAYBE END UP WITH A SERIES OF 1137 00:48:07,720 --> 00:48:08,280 ARTICLES. 1138 00:48:08,280 --> 00:48:09,880 IT'S A GOOD GROUP OF SCIENTISTS 1139 00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:12,440 AND THE PARTS I WAS ABLE TO 1140 00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:15,440 LISTEN WERE REALLY OUTSTANDING. 1141 00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:18,760 SO, WE ARE PLANNING ONE OF THE 1142 00:48:18,760 --> 00:48:22,320 VACCINE UPTAKE GRANTEES RELATED 1143 00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:27,720 AROUND COVID-19 LATER THIS YEAR. 1144 00:48:27,720 --> 00:48:30,120 LET ME GO TO FINAL PART OF MY 1145 00:48:30,120 --> 00:48:32,640 REPORT, AND IT'S JUST TO 1146 00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:34,640 HIGHLIGHT SOME SCIENCE ADVANCES. 1147 00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:37,240 JUST TO SHARE WITH YOU THE 1148 00:48:37,240 --> 00:48:38,080 COLLECTION HERE. 1149 00:48:38,080 --> 00:48:42,400 WE ASK STAFF TO NOMINATE 1150 00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:45,880 PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THEIR 1151 00:48:45,880 --> 00:48:46,160 PORTFOLIO. 1152 00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:49,440 THEY ARE VETTED BY THE DIVISION 1153 00:48:49,440 --> 00:48:52,160 DIRECTOR AND FILTER UP TO ME AND 1154 00:48:52,160 --> 00:48:53,560 I MAKE A SELECTION FROM THAT. 1155 00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:55,600 I DO ADD A COUPLE OF THINGS ON 1156 00:48:55,600 --> 00:48:58,880 MY OWN AND WE ALSO HAVE SIMILAR 1157 00:48:58,880 --> 00:49:00,920 SELECTIONS FROM THE INTRAMURAL 1158 00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:01,160 PROGRAM. 1159 00:49:01,160 --> 00:49:04,720 SO I'LL START WITH COVID. 1160 00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:08,120 THIS IS FROM FOUR HIGHLIGHTS 1161 00:49:08,120 --> 00:49:10,120 FROM THE RADX-UP PROGRAM AND 1162 00:49:10,120 --> 00:49:11,960 I'LL MENTION THAT WE ARE GOING 1163 00:49:11,960 --> 00:49:13,640 TO PUBLISH A SPECIAL ISSUE OF 1164 00:49:13,640 --> 00:49:16,600 MARKET JOURNAL PUBLIC-HEALTH OR 1165 00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:20,120 SAY THAT THE RADX-UP PROGRAM 1166 00:49:20,120 --> 00:49:25,560 LATER THIS MONTH WITH 10 OR 12 1167 00:49:25,560 --> 00:49:30,800 PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS FROM THAT 1168 00:49:30,800 --> 00:49:31,120 PROGRAM. 1169 00:49:31,120 --> 00:49:32,280 THIS WAS A EARLY REPORT THAT 1170 00:49:32,280 --> 00:49:35,280 CAME OUT OF BALTIMORE COMMUNITY 1171 00:49:35,280 --> 00:49:38,560 SCREENING AND USING COMMUNITY 1172 00:49:38,560 --> 00:49:40,200 TESTING EVENTS AND LINKING THEM 1173 00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:42,760 TO THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD 1174 00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:46,680 AND FOUND IN TESTING ALMOST 1800 1175 00:49:46,680 --> 00:49:48,120 PATIENTS, THAT THE POSITIVITY 1176 00:49:48,120 --> 00:49:52,560 RATE AMONG LATINO AND LATINAS 1177 00:49:52,560 --> 00:50:00,200 WAS DI DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGH D 1178 00:50:00,200 --> 00:50:02,680 AGAIN HIGHLIGHTING THE GREATER 1179 00:50:02,680 --> 00:50:05,320 RISK OF EXPOSURE PRIMARILY DUE 1180 00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:07,320 TO THE TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT AND 1181 00:50:07,320 --> 00:50:10,200 THE LIVING CONDITIONS AND 1182 00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:10,840 NEIGHBORHOODS THAT OUR 1183 00:50:10,840 --> 00:50:12,560 COMMUNITIES WERE LIVING. 1184 00:50:12,560 --> 00:50:14,160 LIVE IN I SHOULD SAY. 1185 00:50:14,160 --> 00:50:17,960 IN GENERAL, YOUNGER, MORE 1186 00:50:17,960 --> 00:50:19,200 LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND 1187 00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:23,160 OF COURSE LARGER HOUSEHOLD SIZE, 1188 00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:25,800 COMPARED TO OTHER GROUPS. 1189 00:50:25,800 --> 00:50:27,880 I THINK I MISSED ONE. 1190 00:50:27,880 --> 00:50:32,440 THIS WAS A FOCUSED PROGRAM AND A 1191 00:50:32,440 --> 00:50:36,320 BEFORE AND AFTER DESIGN IN A 1192 00:50:36,320 --> 00:50:38,200 SYRINGE EXCHANGE PROGRAM IN 1193 00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:38,440 OREGON. 1194 00:50:38,440 --> 00:50:41,600 THE TIMING OF THIS ONE WAS EARLY 1195 00:50:41,600 --> 00:50:42,920 2021 SO WITH VACCINE ALREADY 1196 00:50:42,920 --> 00:50:49,160 BEING ROLLED OUT, PROBABLY STILL 1197 00:50:49,160 --> 00:50:50,960 IT WOULD PROBABLY BE IN THE FACE 1198 00:50:50,960 --> 00:50:52,560 WHERE WE THOUGHT WE WOULD MAKE 1199 00:50:52,560 --> 00:50:54,440 THIS GO AWAY AND IF YOU REMEMBER 1200 00:50:54,440 --> 00:50:55,000 THOSE DAYS. 1201 00:50:55,000 --> 00:50:58,400 IT WAS LED BY A COMMUNITY 1202 00:50:58,400 --> 00:50:59,720 ORGANIZATION AND THEY DID FIVE 1203 00:50:59,720 --> 00:51:02,400 WEEKS OF OBSERVATION WITHOUT 1204 00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:03,840 CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT AND WAS 1205 00:51:03,840 --> 00:51:05,840 ESSENTIALLY A $10 INCENTIVE 1206 00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:06,920 AMONG OTHER THINGS. 1207 00:51:06,920 --> 00:51:09,040 AND THEY LOOKED AT RULE AND 1208 00:51:09,040 --> 00:51:12,440 URBAN COUNTIES AND DID SEE A 1209 00:51:12,440 --> 00:51:16,320 SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN 1210 00:51:16,320 --> 00:51:18,320 ACCEPTANCE OF BEING TESTED AND 1211 00:51:18,320 --> 00:51:21,160 AMONG THESE PERSONS WHO INJECT 1212 00:51:21,160 --> 00:51:29,120 DRUGS FROM 12% TO 35% OF THE YOE 1213 00:51:29,120 --> 00:51:30,640 CLIENTS AND GENERATING 1214 00:51:30,640 --> 00:51:33,000 INNOVATIVE WAYS TO PROMOTE 1215 00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:36,560 TESTING WAS THE PRIORITY OF THE 1216 00:51:36,560 --> 00:51:39,880 RADK-UP PROGRAM AND IN SETTINGS. 1217 00:51:39,880 --> 00:51:41,240 -- RADX. 1218 00:51:41,240 --> 00:51:42,680 THIS IS ALSO DATED BY THE TIME 1219 00:51:42,680 --> 00:51:44,800 THAT THE ANNOUNCEMENT WAS DONE, 1220 00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:50,720 WHICH WAS JULY 21 TO DECEMBER. 1221 00:51:50,720 --> 00:51:53,280 THIS IS DELTA TIME. 1222 00:51:53,280 --> 00:51:57,160 AND IT FOCUSED ON THE ROLE OF 1223 00:51:57,160 --> 00:51:58,160 SCHOOL MASKING. 1224 00:51:58,160 --> 00:52:02,640 A POLICY THAT'S BEEN ABANDONED 1225 00:52:02,640 --> 00:52:07,800 IN FACT MOST MASKING IS 1226 00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:08,040 VOLUNTARY. 1227 00:52:08,040 --> 00:52:13,200 A FEW PLACES, MOSTLY PERFORMANCE 1228 00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:14,400 LOCATING ARE REQUIRING OF PEOPLE 1229 00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:21,520 WHO ARE ATTENDING OR INDIVIDUAL 1230 00:52:21,520 --> 00:52:22,880 AND THIS IS NINE STATES AND A 1231 00:52:22,880 --> 00:52:25,040 MILLION STUDENTS AND 160,000 1232 00:52:25,040 --> 00:52:26,440 STAFF AND SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND 1233 00:52:26,440 --> 00:52:29,320 AGAIN, IN THE SUMMER, THROUGH 1234 00:52:29,320 --> 00:52:31,800 DECEMBER OF 2021 SO RIGHT 1235 00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:33,400 BEFORE, RIGHT WHEN OMICRON WAS 1236 00:52:33,400 --> 00:52:35,760 BEGINNING TO BE NOTED, AND 1237 00:52:35,760 --> 00:52:39,840 LOOKING AT WHERE POLICIES HOW 1238 00:52:39,840 --> 00:52:41,840 EFFECTED SECONDARY TRANSMISSION 1239 00:52:41,840 --> 00:52:43,280 AND ESSENTIALLY THE BOTTOM LINE 1240 00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:48,280 WAS MASKING WORKS, WE KIND OF 1241 00:52:48,280 --> 00:52:51,720 KNOW THAT, BUT STILL DIDN'T 1242 00:52:51,720 --> 00:52:53,480 PERSUADE PEOPLE TO DO IT ALL THE 1243 00:52:53,480 --> 00:52:53,880 TIME. 1244 00:52:53,880 --> 00:52:55,160 SO THE DISTRICTS THAT HAD THIS 1245 00:52:55,160 --> 00:52:58,800 AS OPTIONAL, SAW AN INCREASE 1246 00:52:58,800 --> 00:53:00,480 RISK OF SECONDARY TRANSMISSION 1247 00:53:00,480 --> 00:53:02,720 AND YOU CAN SEE THE PREPORTION 1248 00:53:02,720 --> 00:53:05,080 FOR EVERY 100 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED 1249 00:53:05,080 --> 00:53:07,600 CASES SEVEN PREDICT AND COMPARED 1250 00:53:07,600 --> 00:53:15,240 TO 26 AND SO WHEN MASKING WAS 1251 00:53:15,240 --> 00:53:17,400 REQUIRED, IN A SCHOOL DIRECTING. 1252 00:53:17,400 --> 00:53:18,920 THIS ANALYSIS OBSERVATIONAL AND 1253 00:53:18,920 --> 00:53:21,080 LARGE SAMPLE, MULTIPLE STATES, 1254 00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:22,480 MULTIPLE DISTRICTS AND I THINK 1255 00:53:22,480 --> 00:53:26,960 IT PROVIDES AT LEAST FOR DELTA, 1256 00:53:26,960 --> 00:53:29,560 MASKING WAS VERY EFFECTIVE AND 1257 00:53:29,560 --> 00:53:40,000 LOW COST AND RELATIVELY. 1258 00:53:49,840 --> 00:53:51,200 IN SCHOOLS OR ANYWHERE ELSE FOR 1259 00:53:51,200 --> 00:53:54,920 THAT MATTER. 1260 00:53:54,920 --> 00:53:58,800 FACTORS THAT WE'VE GONE THROUGH 1261 00:53:58,800 --> 00:54:00,840 THE -- HAVING TO SCRAMBLE TO GET 1262 00:54:00,840 --> 00:54:03,200 A TEST AND WAITING A WEEK FOR A 1263 00:54:03,200 --> 00:54:03,400 TEST. 1264 00:54:03,400 --> 00:54:06,760 BEING REQUIRED TO TEST IF YOU 1265 00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:07,480 WANT TO TRAVEL ORIENT THE 1266 00:54:07,480 --> 00:54:10,760 COUNTRY AND NOW WE HAVE 1267 00:54:10,760 --> 00:54:12,440 3 MILLION HOME TESTS DISTRIBUTED 1268 00:54:12,440 --> 00:54:17,760 AND USED BY AMERICANS AND SO 1269 00:54:17,760 --> 00:54:20,440 POSSIBLE USE INCLUDING BEING 1270 00:54:20,440 --> 00:54:26,600 SENT BY THE WHITE HOUSE AND 1271 00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:29,560 PROVIDED BY SOME EMPLOYERS, 1272 00:54:29,560 --> 00:54:31,480 INCLUDE BEING THE NIH. 1273 00:54:31,480 --> 00:54:34,040 PEOPLE ARE LOATHE TO WANT TO BE 1274 00:54:34,040 --> 00:54:37,760 MONITORED SO THERE'S NO WAY THAT 1275 00:54:37,760 --> 00:54:40,640 REPORTING IS GOING TO BE 1276 00:54:40,640 --> 00:54:41,080 FEASIBLE IN THE U.S. 1277 00:54:41,080 --> 00:54:42,560 ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS. 1278 00:54:42,560 --> 00:54:48,320 IF IT HAS VERY LOW UPTAKE AND 1279 00:54:48,320 --> 00:54:51,840 OUR EXPERIENCES WORKING WITH THE 1280 00:54:51,840 --> 00:54:54,600 RADX-UP PROGRAM IS YOU GET ONE 1281 00:54:54,600 --> 00:54:56,360 OR TWO PERCENT UPTAKE WHEN YOU 1282 00:54:56,360 --> 00:54:58,640 DO A POPULATION MASSIVE FLOODING 1283 00:54:58,640 --> 00:55:00,680 OF AN AREA WITH ACCESS TO FREE 1284 00:55:00,680 --> 00:55:05,080 TESTS AND ENCOURAGING PEOPLE TO 1285 00:55:05,080 --> 00:55:09,920 USE THEM. 1286 00:55:09,920 --> 00:55:11,720 MOST OF US HAVE A BOX AT HOME 1287 00:55:11,720 --> 00:55:13,560 AND THEY'RE USE IT BASED ON 1288 00:55:13,560 --> 00:55:18,360 SYMPTOMS AND IT SEEMS TO MAKE 1289 00:55:18,360 --> 00:55:20,240 SENSE BEFORE GETTING CLOSE TO 1290 00:55:20,240 --> 00:55:24,200 SOMEONE CLOSE TO YOU WHO MAY BE 1291 00:55:24,200 --> 00:55:26,120 MORE SUSCEPTIBLE BECAUSE OF 1292 00:55:26,120 --> 00:55:27,080 UNDERLYING CONDITIONS. 1293 00:55:27,080 --> 00:55:31,040 THIS WHOLE IDEA THAT THIS WOULD 1294 00:55:31,040 --> 00:55:32,640 BE DISSEMINATED THIS WAY HASN'T 1295 00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:34,880 WORKED SO WHO USES THE TEST, 1296 00:55:34,880 --> 00:55:36,760 YES, PEOPLE WITH MORE INCOME AND 1297 00:55:36,760 --> 00:55:38,720 MORE EDUCATION AND IN THIS 1298 00:55:38,720 --> 00:55:41,200 PARTICULAR STUDY, LATINOS, 1299 00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:42,760 LATINAS DID IN LOOKING AT THE 1300 00:55:42,760 --> 00:55:44,040 PAPER AT THE TABLE WHERE THE 1301 00:55:44,040 --> 00:55:46,480 ONLY GROUP THAT HAS SIGNIFICANT 1302 00:55:46,480 --> 00:55:48,400 ASSOCIATIONS WITH INCREASED 1303 00:55:48,400 --> 00:55:50,040 LIKELIHOOD TO BE MOTIVATED TO 1304 00:55:50,040 --> 00:55:53,800 USE THE TEST AND WE'RE AMONG 1305 00:55:53,800 --> 00:55:57,080 RACE ETHNIC GROUPS WAS LATINOS. 1306 00:55:57,080 --> 00:56:02,520 SO MORE TO BE DONE BUT I THINK 1307 00:56:02,520 --> 00:56:06,160 PART OF OUR EVERYDAY 1308 00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:08,320 CONSIDERATIONS NOW IN TOTALLY 1309 00:56:08,320 --> 00:56:09,960 CHANGED THIS FIELD OF 1310 00:56:09,960 --> 00:56:11,200 DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-TEST AND IT 1311 00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:13,360 MAY BE IN THE LONG RUN, WE'LL 1312 00:56:13,360 --> 00:56:16,480 LOOK BACK AS REALLY A LANDMARK 1313 00:56:16,480 --> 00:56:18,880 MOMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 1314 00:56:18,880 --> 00:56:22,160 THIS APPROACH TO HEALTHCARE. 1315 00:56:22,160 --> 00:56:24,760 YES, WE'VE HAD PREGNANCY, HOME 1316 00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:27,360 PREGNANCY TESTS, HOME HIV TESTS 1317 00:56:27,360 --> 00:56:30,040 AND OTHER SELECTED THINGS THAT 1318 00:56:30,040 --> 00:56:31,200 ONE CAN DO. 1319 00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:33,240 WELL OBVIOUSLY HOME GLUCOSE IS 1320 00:56:33,240 --> 00:56:35,920 AVAILABLE FOR PEOPLE WITH 1321 00:56:35,920 --> 00:56:37,680 DIABETES. 1322 00:56:37,680 --> 00:56:39,680 LITERALLY, NUMBER OF THESE TESTS 1323 00:56:39,680 --> 00:56:41,600 DONE ANNUALLY IN THE U.S. 1324 00:56:41,600 --> 00:56:43,360 MEASURING THOUSANDS, MAYBE THE 1325 00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:48,080 FEW TENS OF THOUSANDS THESE WERE 1326 00:56:48,080 --> 00:56:50,840 3 BILLION COVID-19 TESTS. 1327 00:56:50,840 --> 00:56:53,360 SO, IT'S A WHOLE DIFFERENT 1328 00:56:53,360 --> 00:56:53,960 DIMENSION. 1329 00:56:53,960 --> 00:56:55,960 I LIKE THIS PARTICULAR REPORT 1330 00:56:55,960 --> 00:56:58,960 BECAUSE I DON'T THINK I'VE SEEN 1331 00:56:58,960 --> 00:57:05,640 A FOCUS GROUP IN INDIGENOUS 1332 00:57:05,640 --> 00:57:08,040 LANGUAGES AND JUST FOR THAT, 1333 00:57:08,040 --> 00:57:12,720 IT'S WORTH NOTING. 1334 00:57:12,720 --> 00:57:14,400 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE FROM LATIN 1335 00:57:14,400 --> 00:57:17,360 AMERICA HAVE BEEN COMING MORE TO 1336 00:57:17,360 --> 00:57:18,960 THE UNITED STATES FREQUENTLY. 1337 00:57:18,960 --> 00:57:21,280 YOU SEE STRATIFICATION IN THE 1338 00:57:21,280 --> 00:57:22,680 IMMIGRANTS OF THOSE WHO ARE MORE 1339 00:57:22,680 --> 00:57:25,720 LET'S SAY MEXICAN, 1340 00:57:25,720 --> 00:57:28,200 SPANISH-SPEAKING, CENTRAL 1341 00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:30,840 AMERICANS TO LITERALLY PERSONS 1342 00:57:30,840 --> 00:57:34,240 WHO SPANISH IS THEIR SECOND 1343 00:57:34,240 --> 00:57:37,800 LANGUAGE IF AT BEST AND I THINK 1344 00:57:37,800 --> 00:57:40,160 MANY PEOPLE IN THE U.S. DON'T 1345 00:57:40,160 --> 00:57:42,200 APPRECIATE THAT THAT'S A REALITY 1346 00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:44,880 OF CERTAIN PARTS OF LATIN 1347 00:57:44,880 --> 00:57:46,280 AMERICA IN SOUTHERN MEXICO AND 1348 00:57:46,280 --> 00:57:48,600 IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL 1349 00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:50,920 AMERICA AND IN PARTICULAR IN 1350 00:57:50,920 --> 00:57:52,680 GUATEMALA AND ALSO IN THE 1351 00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:59,440 HIGHLANDS OF THE ANDES AND 1352 00:57:59,440 --> 00:58:02,320 PARTICULARLY IN BOLIVIA. 1353 00:58:02,320 --> 00:58:03,960 MISINFORMATION, THEMES, DISTRUST 1354 00:58:03,960 --> 00:58:05,960 IN GOVERNMENT THERE AND STEMMING 1355 00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:07,480 FROM THE HOME COUNTRY AS WELL AS 1356 00:58:07,480 --> 00:58:09,720 THE U.S., MORE THAN THE U.S. 1357 00:58:09,720 --> 00:58:14,000 AND THE INSECURITY AND FEAR THAT 1358 00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:15,640 THEY LIVE WITH IN THEIR HOME 1359 00:58:15,640 --> 00:58:17,320 COUNTRY AND NOW IN THE U.S. 1360 00:58:17,320 --> 00:58:21,720 AROUND THE DEPORTATION AND 1361 00:58:21,720 --> 00:58:23,760 REGULAR EMPLOYMENT THAT CREATES 1362 00:58:23,760 --> 00:58:25,080 BARRIERS FOR NOT ONLY TESTING 1363 00:58:25,080 --> 00:58:29,680 BUT ALSO ACCEPTING VACCINATIONS. 1364 00:58:29,680 --> 00:58:34,040 SO, SOBERING REPORT THAT CAME 1365 00:58:34,040 --> 00:58:38,360 OUT OF THE MMWR EARLIER THIS 1366 00:58:38,360 --> 00:58:40,600 YEAR AND ON THE OVERDOSE DEATHS. 1367 00:58:40,600 --> 00:58:44,320 THIS IS NOT THE OFFICIAL DEATH 1368 00:58:44,320 --> 00:58:47,480 RATES FROM NCHS OR THE CDC BUT 1369 00:58:47,480 --> 00:58:49,760 THIS IS A SUBSTANCE USE OVERDOSE 1370 00:58:49,760 --> 00:58:52,640 REPORTING SYSTEM IN 25 STATES IN 1371 00:58:52,640 --> 00:58:55,600 THE DISTRICT OF COLOMBIA AS 1372 00:58:55,600 --> 00:58:58,040 OPPOSED TO THE FINAL NATIONAL 1373 00:58:58,040 --> 00:58:58,240 RATES. 1374 00:58:58,240 --> 00:59:03,800 IT IS LINKED TO CENSUS BASED 1375 00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:06,640 METRICS OF HEALTH INEQUALITY AND 1376 00:59:06,640 --> 00:59:10,960 SO YOU CAN SEE THE GRADIENTS SO 1377 00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:17,120 THINK OF THIS AS A SOCIOECONOMIC 1378 00:59:17,120 --> 00:59:17,800 GRADIENT OF THE COMMUNITY SO WE 1379 00:59:17,800 --> 00:59:21,440 HAVE THE HIGHEST RATES OF 1380 00:59:21,440 --> 00:59:22,440 INEQUALITY COMPARED TO THE 1381 00:59:22,440 --> 00:59:26,840 LOWEST RATES OF INEQUALITY OR 1382 00:59:26,840 --> 00:59:28,720 SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY. 1383 00:59:28,720 --> 00:59:30,840 I SUPPOSE THAT WE WITH HAVE TO 1384 00:59:30,840 --> 00:59:32,960 DIG INTO THE EXACT NATURE OF HOW 1385 00:59:32,960 --> 00:59:38,120 THEY CALCULATED THAT BESIDES THE 1386 00:59:38,120 --> 00:59:39,920 USUALLY THINGS TO -- THEY DID 1387 00:59:39,920 --> 00:59:45,120 FACTOR IN ACCESS TO SUBSTANCE 1388 00:59:45,120 --> 00:59:47,480 USE TREATMENT INTERESTS OR 1389 00:59:47,480 --> 00:59:47,760 PROVIDERS. 1390 00:59:47,760 --> 00:59:49,760 BIG GRADIENT FOR THE AFRICAN 1391 00:59:49,760 --> 00:59:51,280 AMERICANS FOR WHITES AND 1392 00:59:51,280 --> 00:59:51,640 LATINOS. 1393 00:59:51,640 --> 00:59:54,440 NOT SO FOR AMERICAN INDIANS AND 1394 00:59:54,440 --> 00:59:56,280 ALASKA NEWS AND SEE FLATNESS 1395 00:59:56,280 --> 01:00:06,080 HERE IN THE RISK OF OVERDOSE 1396 01:00:06,080 --> 01:00:06,800 DEATHS. 1397 01:00:06,800 --> 01:00:09,720 OVERDOSE DEATHS, SIX YEARS AGO, 1398 01:00:09,720 --> 01:00:14,920 WAS PRIMARILY A PROBLEM OF 1399 01:00:14,920 --> 01:00:15,960 WHITES IN RURAL AREAS, AND ALSO 1400 01:00:15,960 --> 01:00:20,280 IN URBAN AREAS BUT IT WAS BY FAR 1401 01:00:20,280 --> 01:00:22,680 WHITE AMERICANS HAD THE HIGHEST 1402 01:00:22,680 --> 01:00:24,240 RATES. 1403 01:00:24,240 --> 01:00:25,280 UNFORTUNATELY, WE HAVE NOW SEEN 1404 01:00:25,280 --> 01:00:27,440 THAT CHANGE IT'S NOW AFRICAN 1405 01:00:27,440 --> 01:00:32,040 AMERICANS AND LATINOS OR CLOSE 1406 01:00:32,040 --> 01:00:33,080 BEHIND WHITES IN OVER ALL RATES 1407 01:00:33,080 --> 01:00:35,800 AND THE OVER ALL TOTAL MAY BE 1408 01:00:35,800 --> 01:00:37,600 VERY CLOSE. 1409 01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:39,600 THIS IS SAD. 1410 01:00:39,600 --> 01:00:42,360 THIS IS A FAILURE OF OUR ABILITY 1411 01:00:42,360 --> 01:00:45,920 TO STEM THIS EPIDEMIC AND I KNOW 1412 01:00:45,920 --> 01:00:53,080 OUR COLLEAGUES AT NIADA SPEND 1413 01:00:53,080 --> 01:00:54,520 THEIR TIME WORKING ON THIS. 1414 01:00:54,520 --> 01:00:55,920 THE PANDEMIC HAS MADE THIS WORSE 1415 01:00:55,920 --> 01:00:59,600 AND THE DATA ARE VERY CLEAR AND 1416 01:00:59,600 --> 01:01:02,080 SO KEEPING THE EYE ON THESE 1417 01:01:02,080 --> 01:01:05,840 ISSUES IS GOING TO REALLY BE 1418 01:01:05,840 --> 01:01:06,600 IMPORTANT FOR NIMHD. 1419 01:01:06,600 --> 01:01:08,080 WE'RE NOT GOING TO LEAD THIS BUT 1420 01:01:08,080 --> 01:01:11,480 WE'RE GOING TO REALLY WORK ON 1421 01:01:11,480 --> 01:01:14,520 MAKING THIS BETTER. 1422 01:01:14,520 --> 01:01:17,840 THE INTERESTING OBSERVATION 1423 01:01:17,840 --> 01:01:18,440 ABOUT ASIANS, WHETHER OR NOT 1424 01:01:18,440 --> 01:01:20,000 PACIFIC ISLANDERS WOULD BE IN 1425 01:01:20,000 --> 01:01:22,560 THE SAME LEVEL BUT PROBABLY 1426 01:01:22,560 --> 01:01:24,960 BASED ON THESE ARE VERY PLAT AND 1427 01:01:24,960 --> 01:01:26,640 VERY LOW IN TERMS OF THEIR RISK 1428 01:01:26,640 --> 01:01:30,440 OF OVERDOSE DEATHS AND SOMETHING 1429 01:01:30,440 --> 01:01:32,520 THAT MERITS FURTHER RESEARCH BUT 1430 01:01:32,520 --> 01:01:36,440 THIS IS QUITE STRIKING. 1431 01:01:36,440 --> 01:01:40,160 THIS IS A PAPER BY ONE OF OUR 1432 01:01:40,160 --> 01:01:43,280 ESI AWARDEES FROM SEVERAL YEARS 1433 01:01:43,280 --> 01:01:43,480 AGO. 1434 01:01:43,480 --> 01:01:48,000 IT'S EVALUATING A POLICY 1435 01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:48,960 INTERVENTION COMPARING THE STATE 1436 01:01:48,960 --> 01:01:51,320 OF OREGON, THE STATE OF SOUTH 1437 01:01:51,320 --> 01:01:54,600 CAROLINA AND OREGON HAVING MORE 1438 01:01:54,600 --> 01:01:56,160 LIBERAL POLICIES, IF YOU WISH, 1439 01:01:56,160 --> 01:01:58,880 OR PROGRESSIVE POLICIES, ON 1440 01:01:58,880 --> 01:02:02,600 MEDICAID COVERAGE OF UNINSURED, 1441 01:02:02,600 --> 01:02:07,000 MANY UNDOCUMENTED LATINA WOMEN 1442 01:02:07,000 --> 01:02:08,880 GIVING BIRTH COMPARED TO THE 1443 01:02:08,880 --> 01:02:11,040 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 1444 01:02:11,040 --> 01:02:13,680 IT'S REALLY PART AND PARCEL WITH 1445 01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:17,600 THE EMPHASIS IN RECENT, IN THE 1446 01:02:17,600 --> 01:02:21,960 LAST THROW YEARS ON MATERNAL 1447 01:02:21,960 --> 01:02:22,480 HEALTH. 1448 01:02:22,480 --> 01:02:24,560 BECAUSE THIS IS NOT ABOUT 1449 01:02:24,560 --> 01:02:26,760 MECHANISMS, THIS IS NOT PRE 1450 01:02:26,760 --> 01:02:28,400 CONCEPTUAL HEALTH OR HOSPITALS 1451 01:02:28,400 --> 01:02:30,560 DOING THE RIGHT THING OR HAVING 1452 01:02:30,560 --> 01:02:31,560 POOR SYSTEMS. 1453 01:02:31,560 --> 01:02:34,000 THIS IS ABOUT SIMPLE HEATH CARE 1454 01:02:34,000 --> 01:02:35,920 COVERAGE AND THEN USING, IN 1455 01:02:35,920 --> 01:02:39,800 THEIR CASE, THEY USE GESTATIONAL 1456 01:02:39,800 --> 01:02:42,040 DIABETES AS THE TARGET GROUP TO 1457 01:02:42,040 --> 01:02:43,480 EVALUATE BECAUSE THEY'RE 1458 01:02:43,480 --> 01:02:45,360 SENSITIVE TO, YOU HAVE A 1459 01:02:45,360 --> 01:02:48,080 MEASURABLE OUTCOME THAT CAN SHOW 1460 01:02:48,080 --> 01:02:51,080 WORSENING OR IMPROVEMENT. 1461 01:02:51,080 --> 01:02:54,240 IF YOU GET -- IF YOU ARE 1462 01:02:54,240 --> 01:02:56,120 UNINSURED AND PRESENT TO A 1463 01:02:56,120 --> 01:03:02,360 HOSPITAL WITH TERM PREGNANCY FOR 1464 01:03:02,360 --> 01:03:03,960 DELIVERY, EVERY STATE IN THE 1465 01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:05,960 COUNTRY, EVERY HOSPITAL IS 1466 01:03:05,960 --> 01:03:08,200 REQUIRED BY-LAW TO PROVIDE CARE 1467 01:03:08,200 --> 01:03:10,960 BUT THE MINIMUM CARE THAT IS 1468 01:03:10,960 --> 01:03:12,600 PROVIDED IS OF COURSE THE 1469 01:03:12,600 --> 01:03:14,640 DELIVERY AND SIX WEEKS. 1470 01:03:14,640 --> 01:03:17,080 AT THE END OF SIX WEEKS, THEY'RE 1471 01:03:17,080 --> 01:03:17,280 DONE. 1472 01:03:17,280 --> 01:03:19,320 AND IN TERMS OF THE LEGAL 1473 01:03:19,320 --> 01:03:19,960 OBLIGATION. 1474 01:03:19,960 --> 01:03:21,360 AND ONE OF THE POLICY 1475 01:03:21,360 --> 01:03:22,440 INTERVENTIONS HERE WOULD BE TO 1476 01:03:22,440 --> 01:03:24,760 SAY WELL, WHEN YOU BECOME 1477 01:03:24,760 --> 01:03:29,720 PREGNANT, MEDICAID WOULD KICK IN 1478 01:03:29,720 --> 01:03:32,200 AND THAT IS IMPORTANT. 1479 01:03:32,200 --> 01:03:36,880 AND AFTER DELIVERY, THE COULD 1480 01:03:36,880 --> 01:03:38,400 HAVE WOULD EXTEND FOR A YEAR. 1481 01:03:38,400 --> 01:03:40,200 THAT'S THE WINDOW WE NEED TO 1482 01:03:40,200 --> 01:03:41,840 TARGET BECAUSE SEVERE MORBIDITY 1483 01:03:41,840 --> 01:03:44,080 AND MORTALITY OCCURS AT A THIRD 1484 01:03:44,080 --> 01:03:46,000 A THIRD AND A THIRD IN THESE 1485 01:03:46,000 --> 01:03:47,560 PHASES NOT JUST DURING THE 1486 01:03:47,560 --> 01:03:49,320 IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM PERIOD OR 1487 01:03:49,320 --> 01:03:50,560 DOING THE HOSPITALIZATION. 1488 01:03:50,560 --> 01:03:52,960 AND IN THIS STUDY, IT WAS SHOWN 1489 01:03:52,960 --> 01:04:00,440 THAT USE OF ANTI-BUY A BET TICKN 1490 01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:01,400 PEOPLE WITH DIABETES. 1491 01:04:01,400 --> 01:04:03,280 THIS MAY NOT BE A LEADING CAUSE 1492 01:04:03,280 --> 01:04:06,120 OR MAJOR CONTRIBUTE TO MATERNAL 1493 01:04:06,120 --> 01:04:09,560 MORTALITY BUT IT'S CERTAINLY A 1494 01:04:09,560 --> 01:04:11,600 SENSITIVE MEASURE IN THIS STUDY 1495 01:04:11,600 --> 01:04:16,280 INTO REALLY SHOW THAT HEALTHCARE 1496 01:04:16,280 --> 01:04:18,200 BEGINS WITH COVERAGE AND OF 1497 01:04:18,200 --> 01:04:20,520 COURSE HAVING A PLACE AND A 1498 01:04:20,520 --> 01:04:23,640 CLINICIAN TO GO TO. 1499 01:04:23,640 --> 01:04:26,360 IN OTHER RESEARCH, PUBLISHED BY 1500 01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:31,680 OUR GRANTEES IT WAS SEEN 1501 01:04:31,680 --> 01:04:34,120 GESTATIONAL DIABETES MANAGEMENT 1502 01:04:34,120 --> 01:04:36,680 AMONG 440 PREGNANT WOMEN WITH 1503 01:04:36,680 --> 01:04:38,680 DIABETES BLACK AND LATINA AND 1504 01:04:38,680 --> 01:04:42,600 WOMEN WITH OTHER RACE ETHNESS 1505 01:04:42,600 --> 01:04:46,160 TEE HAD HIGHER LEVELS SO THEY'RE 1506 01:04:46,160 --> 01:04:47,600 PRESENTING WITH MORE AND HIGHER 1507 01:04:47,600 --> 01:04:50,640 RATES OF GLUCOSE TO LESS WELL 1508 01:04:50,640 --> 01:04:52,200 CONTROLLED BEFORE BEING 1509 01:04:52,200 --> 01:04:52,480 DIAGNOSED. 1510 01:04:52,480 --> 01:04:56,000 THIS IS A REPORT IN JOURNAL OF 1511 01:04:56,000 --> 01:04:59,240 PEDIATRICS ON THE COHORT STUDY 1512 01:04:59,240 --> 01:05:05,240 THAT WAS IN PART FUNDED BY THE 1513 01:05:05,240 --> 01:05:08,800 RCMI IN PUERTO RICO LOOKING AT 1514 01:05:08,800 --> 01:05:11,880 PEOPLE WHO HAD ZIKA WHILE 1515 01:05:11,880 --> 01:05:12,520 PREGNANT. 1516 01:05:12,520 --> 01:05:15,240 REMEMBER ZIKA? 1517 01:05:15,240 --> 01:05:16,400 AND THESE CHILDREN HAD BEEN 1518 01:05:16,400 --> 01:05:19,760 FOLLOWED OVER TIME, 114 1519 01:05:19,760 --> 01:05:21,120 CHILDREN. 1520 01:05:21,120 --> 01:05:25,480 NOT NECESSARILY SEVERE BERTH 1521 01:05:25,480 --> 01:05:26,440 DEFECTS. 1522 01:05:26,440 --> 01:05:31,440 2.6% HAD MICROCEPHALY AT BIRTH 1523 01:05:31,440 --> 01:05:33,080 BUT A LOT HAD EYE ABNORMALITIES 1524 01:05:33,080 --> 01:05:36,080 AND THE MOST IMPORTANT LONG-TERM 1525 01:05:36,080 --> 01:05:37,960 EFFECTS IS RELATED TO 1526 01:05:37,960 --> 01:05:40,880 DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY IN AT LEAST 1527 01:05:40,880 --> 01:05:43,600 ONE DOMAIN IN A THIRD OF THE 1528 01:05:43,600 --> 01:05:43,880 CHILDREN. 1529 01:05:43,880 --> 01:05:47,760 SO THESE NEURO DEVELOPMENTAL SEE 1530 01:05:47,760 --> 01:05:50,440 QUELL A PRESENT IN CHILDHOOD AND 1531 01:05:50,440 --> 01:05:54,320 CREATE VULNERABILITIES IN THE 1532 01:05:54,320 --> 01:05:57,440 CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT NOW A 1533 01:05:57,440 --> 01:05:59,120 NUMBER OF ABOUT FIVE OR SIX OR 1534 01:05:59,120 --> 01:06:02,800 SEVEN YEARS OUT FROM THE ZIKA 1535 01:06:02,800 --> 01:06:04,640 SUMMER THAT WE HAD A LOT OF 1536 01:06:04,640 --> 01:06:05,040 ZIKA. 1537 01:06:05,040 --> 01:06:09,280 THE YEAR WE HAD A LOT OF ZIKA. 1538 01:06:09,280 --> 01:06:10,960 SO, NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER 1539 01:06:10,960 --> 01:06:15,600 DISEASE IS A PARTICULARLY 1540 01:06:15,600 --> 01:06:16,520 RELEVANT CONDITION. 1541 01:06:16,520 --> 01:06:19,840 MAJOR CAUSE OF CHRONIC LIVER 1542 01:06:19,840 --> 01:06:20,480 DISEASE. 1543 01:06:20,480 --> 01:06:22,680 A MAJOR CONTRIBUTE OR TO LIVER 1544 01:06:22,680 --> 01:06:26,720 CASER. 1545 01:06:26,720 --> 01:06:31,480 IT EFFECTS MALES OVER FEMALES. 1546 01:06:31,480 --> 01:06:33,640 ALL RACE AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN 1547 01:06:33,640 --> 01:06:36,520 THE U.S. AND COMPARED TO WHITES. 1548 01:06:36,520 --> 01:06:39,520 FOR DIFFERENT REASONS. 1549 01:06:39,520 --> 01:06:41,480 AND THIS NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY 1550 01:06:41,480 --> 01:06:43,480 LIVER DISEASE PARTICULARLY 1551 01:06:43,480 --> 01:06:46,680 RELEVANT IN MEXICAN AMERICANS. 1552 01:06:46,680 --> 01:06:47,840 NOT ALL UNDERSTOOD WHY. 1553 01:06:47,840 --> 01:06:50,400 EVERYONE SAID IT'S OBESITY. 1554 01:06:50,400 --> 01:06:52,440 AFRICAN AMERICANS FOR EXAMPLE 1555 01:06:52,440 --> 01:06:54,400 HAVE AS HIGH OR HIGHER RATES OF 1556 01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:56,160 OBESITY THAN MEXICAN AMERICANS 1557 01:06:56,160 --> 01:07:02,040 YET DO NOT HAVE A HIGHER RATE 1558 01:07:02,040 --> 01:07:04,760 FATTY INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND 1559 01:07:04,760 --> 01:07:08,040 SO THIS IS NOT A -- YOU HAVE 1560 01:07:08,040 --> 01:07:09,000 THIS AND YOU ARE GOING TO GET 1561 01:07:09,000 --> 01:07:09,240 THAT. 1562 01:07:09,240 --> 01:07:11,040 CERTAINLY OBESITY INCREASES THE 1563 01:07:11,040 --> 01:07:13,480 RISK OF DIABETES. 1564 01:07:13,480 --> 01:07:16,360 FAT IN THE LIVER, WHICH WE ALL 1565 01:07:16,360 --> 01:07:17,880 GET, AFTER EATING CERTAIN FOODS 1566 01:07:17,880 --> 01:07:20,280 OR DRINKING CERTAIN THINGS, IS 1567 01:07:20,280 --> 01:07:22,360 NOT AUTOMATICALLY GOING TO LEAD 1568 01:07:22,360 --> 01:07:23,520 TO INFLAMMATION. 1569 01:07:23,520 --> 01:07:27,360 SO IT'S A SUBSET OF INDIVIDUALS 1570 01:07:27,360 --> 01:07:31,120 WITH FATTY LIVES WHO DEVELOP 1571 01:07:31,120 --> 01:07:34,320 INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND 1572 01:07:34,320 --> 01:07:35,480 STEATOSIS AND HAVE LIVER DISEASE 1573 01:07:35,480 --> 01:07:37,680 SO IT'S IMPORTANT TO APPRECIATE 1574 01:07:37,680 --> 01:07:40,120 WE'RE ONLY LOOKING AT A SMALL 1575 01:07:40,120 --> 01:07:42,320 PREPORTION THAT GO ON TO DEVELOP 1576 01:07:42,320 --> 01:07:45,280 AND YOU HAVE CHRONIC 1577 01:07:45,280 --> 01:07:48,440 INFLAMMATION OVER YEARS LEADS TO 1578 01:07:48,440 --> 01:07:49,400 CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND 1579 01:07:49,400 --> 01:07:52,240 CIRRHOSIS AND POTENTIALLY LIVER 1580 01:07:52,240 --> 01:07:52,480 CANCER. 1581 01:07:52,480 --> 01:07:53,840 NOW THERE MAY BE OTHER REASONS 1582 01:07:53,840 --> 01:07:55,120 PEOPLE WILL GET CANCER. 1583 01:07:55,120 --> 01:07:56,920 YOU MAY NOT GET AS MUCH 1584 01:07:56,920 --> 01:08:00,360 INFLAMMATION BUT HAVE A RISK, A 1585 01:08:00,360 --> 01:08:02,760 GENETIC RISK OR OTHER RISK LIKE 1586 01:08:02,760 --> 01:08:05,000 TOO MUCH ALCOHOL THAT WILL 1587 01:08:05,000 --> 01:08:06,080 ACCELERATE THAT RISK OF 1588 01:08:06,080 --> 01:08:08,600 DEVELOPING CANCER AND CIRRHOSIS. 1589 01:08:08,600 --> 01:08:10,560 THIS IS A STUDY THAT LOOKED AT 1590 01:08:10,560 --> 01:08:14,200 THAT WITH REGARDS TO A 1591 01:08:14,200 --> 01:08:16,040 PARTICULAR RISK TO A STUDY IN 1592 01:08:16,040 --> 01:08:18,800 SOUTHERN ARIZONA WITH 1593 01:08:18,800 --> 01:08:20,800 MEXICAN-AMERICANS BOTH MEN AND 1594 01:08:20,800 --> 01:08:21,080 WOMEN. 1595 01:08:21,080 --> 01:08:23,440 THE IDEA OF COURSE IS THAT IF WE 1596 01:08:23,440 --> 01:08:24,680 USE WEIGHT MANAGEMENT 1597 01:08:24,680 --> 01:08:27,440 INTERVENTION OR SOMEHOW IMPACT 1598 01:08:27,440 --> 01:08:29,400 BMI IT WILL MAKE IT BETTER. 1599 01:08:29,400 --> 01:08:31,640 THAT'S WHAT WE HAVE SO FAR. 1600 01:08:31,640 --> 01:08:37,640 SOME SCIENTISTS HAVE TRIED USING 1601 01:08:37,640 --> 01:08:39,560 THE STAT ANT DRUGS WITH VARIABLE 1602 01:08:39,560 --> 01:08:41,560 EFFECTS AND THIS IS AN ACTIVE 1603 01:08:41,560 --> 01:08:46,480 AREA OF RESEARCH ACROSS THE 1604 01:08:46,480 --> 01:08:50,360 SCIENTIFIC FIELD AND NIMHD HAS 1605 01:08:50,360 --> 01:08:53,560 SMILSTUDIES THIS. 1606 01:08:53,560 --> 01:08:55,400 I HAD TO SHOW THIS STUDY BECAUSE 1607 01:08:55,400 --> 01:08:57,920 IT FELT LIKE BACK TO THE FUTURE 1608 01:08:57,920 --> 01:08:59,480 FOR ME. 1609 01:08:59,480 --> 01:09:05,120 BACK IN THE 1990s, THERE WAS A 1610 01:09:05,120 --> 01:09:06,640 SCHOLAR, I GUESS EARLY 2000s, 1611 01:09:06,640 --> 01:09:09,560 I'M DATING MYSELF. 1612 01:09:09,560 --> 01:09:12,960 THAT HAD THE IDEA OF LOOKING AT 1613 01:09:12,960 --> 01:09:16,080 WHAT WAS THE PREPORTION OF 1614 01:09:16,080 --> 01:09:17,920 PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE 1615 01:09:17,920 --> 01:09:20,640 PSYCHIATRY LITERATURE THAT 1616 01:09:20,640 --> 01:09:23,320 REPORTED ON THE RACE ETHNIC 1617 01:09:23,320 --> 01:09:25,480 DIVERSITY OF THEIR PARTICIPANTS 1618 01:09:25,480 --> 01:09:29,560 IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND ONE OF 1619 01:09:29,560 --> 01:09:33,320 THE CO-AUTHORS IN THAT IS FORMER 1620 01:09:33,320 --> 01:09:37,160 NIMHD STAFF JENNIFER WORK 1621 01:09:37,160 --> 01:09:39,680 WITHING THE SCHOLARS AND SHE WAS 1622 01:09:39,680 --> 01:09:47,040 A SCHOLAR IN OUR CENTER FOR 1623 01:09:47,040 --> 01:09:48,120 AGING DIVERSE COMMUNITIES. 1624 01:09:48,120 --> 01:09:50,000 THIS IS SIMILAR MANY LOOKING AT 1625 01:09:50,000 --> 01:09:51,360 125 ARTICLES AND AMERICAN 1626 01:09:51,360 --> 01:09:53,360 JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY BUT NOT 1627 01:09:53,360 --> 01:09:55,240 FROM THE EARLY 2000s MIND YOU 1628 01:09:55,240 --> 01:10:00,600 OF SOME 2019-2020 AND HOW DID 1629 01:10:00,600 --> 01:10:02,280 THEY REPORT THEIR PREPORTIONS? 1630 01:10:02,280 --> 01:10:05,320 THE BIGGEST RESULT IS NOT ONLY 1631 01:10:05,320 --> 01:10:07,480 THE UNDER REPRESENTATION BUT THE 1632 01:10:07,480 --> 01:10:10,280 LACK OF REPORTING AND NOW WE SEE 1633 01:10:10,280 --> 01:10:12,320 SEXUAL IDENTITY OF PARTICIPANTS 1634 01:10:12,320 --> 01:10:17,280 NOT BEING REPORTED ARE NOW IT 1635 01:10:17,280 --> 01:10:18,560 MAYBE HASN'T CAUGHT UP YET. 1636 01:10:18,560 --> 01:10:21,200 WE WOULD THINK THAT THE MENTAL 1637 01:10:21,200 --> 01:10:24,120 HEALTH LITERATURE MIGHT BE EARLY 1638 01:10:24,120 --> 01:10:25,440 UPTAKE OF STANDARDIZED 1639 01:10:25,440 --> 01:10:29,240 COLLECTION OF DATA ON THIS 1640 01:10:29,240 --> 01:10:32,240 MANUFACTURE BUT THIS LACK OF 1641 01:10:32,240 --> 01:10:34,120 REPRESENTATION I THINK DOES 1642 01:10:34,120 --> 01:10:36,600 NOT -- HAS NOT BEEN RESOLVED IN 1643 01:10:36,600 --> 01:10:38,800 20 YEARS FOR SURE. 1644 01:10:38,800 --> 01:10:43,000 THIS WAS ALSO IMPORTANT IN 1645 01:10:43,000 --> 01:10:46,160 ACADEMIC MEDICINE SO THE IMPACT 1646 01:10:46,160 --> 01:10:47,840 ON THE DEPRESSION IN MEDICAL 1647 01:10:47,840 --> 01:10:48,960 STUDENTS, BLACK MEDICAL STUDENTS 1648 01:10:48,960 --> 01:10:51,160 IN THE U.S. WAS A SURVEY DONE 1649 01:10:51,160 --> 01:10:55,800 AND NOW IT LISTS 733 BLACK 1650 01:10:55,800 --> 01:10:56,200 STUDENTS. 1651 01:10:56,200 --> 01:10:56,920 I SHOULD HAVE CHECKED. 1652 01:10:56,920 --> 01:10:58,040 I DON'T THINK THERE ARE MANY 1653 01:10:58,040 --> 01:10:59,960 MORE THIS IS CLOSE TIE UNIVERSAL 1654 01:10:59,960 --> 01:11:04,280 SAMPLE OR IT'S A VOLUNTEER NOT 1655 01:11:04,280 --> 01:11:05,600 NECESSARILY A RANDOM SAMPLE 1656 01:11:05,600 --> 01:11:07,240 BECAUSE THE STATE OF AFFAIRS OF 1657 01:11:07,240 --> 01:11:11,000 MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE U.S. 1658 01:11:11,000 --> 01:11:14,280 WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS, THERE 1659 01:11:14,280 --> 01:11:17,480 MAY BE A COUPLE THOUSAND. 1660 01:11:17,480 --> 01:11:19,360 AND WHAT DO EVENTS DO? 1661 01:11:19,360 --> 01:11:22,360 NOW AUGUST 2020 REMEMBER, IS NOT 1662 01:11:22,360 --> 01:11:23,920 LONG AFTER ABOUT TWO OR THREE 1663 01:11:23,920 --> 01:11:26,160 MONTHS AFTER GEORGE EMPLOYED WAS 1664 01:11:26,160 --> 01:11:26,560 MURDERED. 1665 01:11:26,560 --> 01:11:30,840 AND THE BLACK LIVES MATTER 1666 01:11:30,840 --> 01:11:33,800 PROTEST AFFECTED IN THAT SUMMER 1667 01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:36,960 MANY CITIES IN THE UNITED 1668 01:11:36,960 --> 01:11:37,840 STATES. 1669 01:11:37,840 --> 01:11:40,440 SO, I THINK THAT THESE EXTERNAL 1670 01:11:40,440 --> 01:11:41,600 EVENTS HAPPENED AND IT COULD BE 1671 01:11:41,600 --> 01:11:43,480 THIS IN THIS CASE IT COULD BE A 1672 01:11:43,480 --> 01:11:46,360 DISASTER IN ANOTHER CONTEXT FOR 1673 01:11:46,360 --> 01:11:49,120 AN AREA OR IT COULD BE EVENTS 1674 01:11:49,120 --> 01:11:51,080 ACROSS THE PLANET. 1675 01:11:51,080 --> 01:11:54,680 THEY HAVE AN IMPACT ON OUR 1676 01:11:54,680 --> 01:11:56,360 PROFESSIONALS IN TRAINING IN 1677 01:11:56,360 --> 01:11:57,800 THIS CASE. 1678 01:11:57,800 --> 01:12:00,520 BUT STUDENTS, BLACK, AFRICAN 1679 01:12:00,520 --> 01:12:01,360 AMERICAN STUDENTS FEEL THEY HAVE 1680 01:12:01,360 --> 01:12:03,200 TO WORK TWICE AS HARD IN ORDER 1681 01:12:03,200 --> 01:12:06,360 TO GET THE SAME EVALUATION OR 1682 01:12:06,360 --> 01:12:08,000 TREATMENT AND OVER HALF REPORTED 1683 01:12:08,000 --> 01:12:11,040 BEING WATCHED MORE CLOSELY THAN 1684 01:12:11,040 --> 01:12:13,880 OTHERS AND IN 21% THAT THEIR 1685 01:12:13,880 --> 01:12:16,080 INSTITUTION NEVER OR RARELY 1686 01:12:16,080 --> 01:12:19,120 RESPONDS TO SEM INOLE RACE 1687 01:12:19,120 --> 01:12:22,160 EVENTS THAT IMPLICATE BLACK 1688 01:12:22,160 --> 01:12:23,040 INDIVIDUALS. 1689 01:12:23,040 --> 01:12:24,680 HOPEFULLY SOME OF THIS HAS 1690 01:12:24,680 --> 01:12:24,920 CHANGED. 1691 01:12:24,920 --> 01:12:35,600 I THI -- AROUND RACISM AND I ALO 1692 01:12:42,520 --> 01:12:44,320 THINK THAT THERE HAS CERTAINLY 1693 01:12:44,320 --> 01:12:48,840 BEEN A MORE RETURN TO USUAL 1694 01:12:48,840 --> 01:12:52,040 BEHAVIOR WITH LESS INSTITUTIONAL 1695 01:12:52,040 --> 01:12:53,920 CHANGE THAN WE WOULD LIKE TO 1696 01:12:53,920 --> 01:12:55,240 HAVE SEEN. 1697 01:12:55,240 --> 01:12:57,280 SO, THIS IS JUST A HIGHLIGHT OF 1698 01:12:57,280 --> 01:13:00,560 THE IMPORTANCE OF THAT. 1699 01:13:00,560 --> 01:13:02,760 THIS STUDY WAS MORE MECHANISTIC, 1700 01:13:02,760 --> 01:13:05,640 LOOKING AT ATTACHMENT-STYLE AND 1701 01:13:05,640 --> 01:13:07,800 MODERATE RISK FOR AFRICAN 1702 01:13:07,800 --> 01:13:15,120 AMERICAN RURAL RELATING POVERTY 1703 01:13:15,120 --> 01:13:19,280 AND I KNOW THERE'S A RENEWED 1704 01:13:19,280 --> 01:13:21,320 INTEREST IN EVALUATING THE ROLE 1705 01:13:21,320 --> 01:13:23,000 OF BASIC SCIENCE IS IN 1706 01:13:23,000 --> 01:13:24,880 UNDERSTANDING HEALTH 1707 01:13:24,880 --> 01:13:25,560 DISPARITIES. 1708 01:13:25,560 --> 01:13:27,920 SO, CAN YOU RECREATE ANIMAL 1709 01:13:27,920 --> 01:13:30,720 MOLDS OR CREATE CELLULAR MODELS 1710 01:13:30,720 --> 01:13:32,880 AND THE MOST PROMISING LINE OF 1711 01:13:32,880 --> 01:13:36,160 RESEARCH IS PROBABLY RELATED TO 1712 01:13:36,160 --> 01:13:39,360 SORT OF THE SOCIAL DEPRIVATION 1713 01:13:39,360 --> 01:13:42,600 OR IN A CONTEXT TO REPRODUCE 1714 01:13:42,600 --> 01:13:45,280 THAT, I DON'T KNOW THAT ANYONE 1715 01:13:45,280 --> 01:13:48,480 HAS REPRODUCED ANYTHING RELATED 1716 01:13:48,480 --> 01:13:52,160 CLOSELY TO RAINFALL RACISM AND 1717 01:13:52,160 --> 01:13:53,920 DISCRIMINATION BUT WE CAN WAIT 1718 01:13:53,920 --> 01:13:56,720 AND SEE WHAT WHAT COMES OUT OF 1719 01:13:56,720 --> 01:13:57,000 THAT. 1720 01:13:57,000 --> 01:13:59,160 IT'S USED WIDELY IN POPULATION 1721 01:13:59,160 --> 01:14:02,560 SCIENCE AND IN EVALUATING THE 1722 01:14:02,560 --> 01:14:08,920 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AS A 1723 01:14:08,920 --> 01:14:10,960 PHYSICAL OWE LOGIC MEASURE OF 1724 01:14:10,960 --> 01:14:12,200 CHRONIC STRESS WITH SOME 1725 01:14:12,200 --> 01:14:14,840 PROMISING RESULTS IN THAT WAY AS 1726 01:14:14,840 --> 01:14:17,720 WE CONTINUE TO DOWN THIS ROAD OF 1727 01:14:17,720 --> 01:14:20,040 EVALUATING AND THIS IS LOOKING 1728 01:14:20,040 --> 01:14:22,640 AT ATTACHMENT STYLE WHICH IS 1729 01:14:22,640 --> 01:14:24,040 SOMETHING THAT I LEARNED ABOUT 1730 01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:26,640 BY LOOKING AT THIS. 1731 01:14:26,640 --> 01:14:29,840 LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE UNITED 1732 01:14:29,840 --> 01:14:32,560 STATES IS TOPIC THAT WE WORKED 1733 01:14:32,560 --> 01:14:42,760 ON THIS YEAR. 1734 01:14:42,760 --> 01:14:44,560 AND THEY HAD THE FIRST OF A 1735 01:14:44,560 --> 01:14:45,960 SERIES OF CROWN I CAN THAT WILL 1736 01:14:45,960 --> 01:14:49,120 BE COMING OUT AND WORKING VERY 1737 01:14:49,120 --> 01:14:56,320 CLOSELY WITH THAT GROUP AND YOU 1738 01:14:56,320 --> 01:14:57,280 CAN SEE THE EVENS TO USE THE 1739 01:14:57,280 --> 01:14:58,640 THAT CONTRIBUTED. 1740 01:14:58,640 --> 01:15:03,120 WE MET AND MEET ON A MONTHLY 1741 01:15:03,120 --> 01:15:08,320 BASIS AND WE CONCEIVED THIS IN A 1742 01:15:08,320 --> 01:15:10,840 PHONE CALL THINKING ABOUT THIS 1743 01:15:10,840 --> 01:15:12,840 AFTER LISTENING TO CHRIS MURRAY 1744 01:15:12,840 --> 01:15:14,520 AND OTHERS PRESENT DURING ONE OF 1745 01:15:14,520 --> 01:15:17,960 THEIR VISITS AND COUPLE OF 1746 01:15:17,960 --> 01:15:19,880 VISITS THEY CAME TO NIH BROUGHT 1747 01:15:19,880 --> 01:15:24,400 MOSTLY BY THE FOGERTY 1748 01:15:24,400 --> 01:15:25,040 INTERNATIONAL CENTER AND ALMOST 1749 01:15:25,040 --> 01:15:27,480 ALL OF THE WORK HAS BEEN IN 1750 01:15:27,480 --> 01:15:29,120 GLOBAL AND CREATING A MECHANISM 1751 01:15:29,120 --> 01:15:34,280 BY WHICH TO LOOK AT U.S. HEALTH 1752 01:15:34,280 --> 01:15:36,640 DISPARITIES AND WE FACTOR IN GEE 1753 01:15:36,640 --> 01:15:40,840 OFF RAG FEE WAS I THINK VERY 1754 01:15:40,840 --> 01:15:41,920 ILLUMINATEING AND WE'RE IN THE 1755 01:15:41,920 --> 01:15:43,200 MIDST OF CONTINUING THIS WORK 1756 01:15:43,200 --> 01:15:47,960 AND THIS IS A ONE SNAPSHOT FROM 1757 01:15:47,960 --> 01:15:50,200 THE MAP FROM THE PUBLISHED PAPER 1758 01:15:50,200 --> 01:15:53,280 AND IN ITS COMPARING LIFE LIFE 1759 01:15:53,280 --> 01:15:55,600 EXPECTEN SEE BY COUNTY AND RACE 1760 01:15:55,600 --> 01:16:02,520 ETHNICITY TO WHITE SO IF IN IN 1761 01:16:02,520 --> 01:16:04,560 THE GROAN AND OVER IN THE PURPLE 1762 01:16:04,560 --> 01:16:11,400 OR DARK BLUE WHATEVER SO YOU SEE 1763 01:16:11,400 --> 01:16:13,040 HISPANIC LATINOS MOST OF THE 1764 01:16:13,040 --> 01:16:16,160 COUNTRY THEY HAVE LONGER LIFE EX 1765 01:16:16,160 --> 01:16:16,920 PACT ANTSY THAN WHITES DO AFTER 1766 01:16:16,920 --> 01:16:23,080 TWO YEARS OF COVID. 1767 01:16:23,080 --> 01:16:27,160 AND THEY VALLEY HERE AND FOUR 1768 01:16:27,160 --> 01:16:30,400 CORNERS AREA WHERE LATINO 1769 01:16:30,400 --> 01:16:31,440 HISPANICS DO WORSE AND THIS IS 1770 01:16:31,440 --> 01:16:33,400 KIND OF THE DATA THAT WOULD NOT 1771 01:16:33,400 --> 01:16:35,160 BE SO EVIDENCE WITHOUT THIS KIND 1772 01:16:35,160 --> 01:16:37,840 OF ANALYSIS AND ASIANS AND THIS 1773 01:16:37,840 --> 01:16:42,520 TRULY DOES REPRESENT MOSTLY 1774 01:16:42,520 --> 01:16:46,000 ASIANS MAKE UP 95% OR 90% OF THE 1775 01:16:46,000 --> 01:16:47,040 POPULATION ANALYZE HERE AND WORE 1776 01:16:47,040 --> 01:16:52,520 GOING TO SEPARATE FROM NATIVE 1777 01:16:52,520 --> 01:16:53,720 HAWAIIAN DO BETTER THAN WHITES 1778 01:16:53,720 --> 01:16:55,760 AND HAVE THE LONGEST LIFE 1779 01:16:55,760 --> 01:16:56,520 EXPECTED ANTSY IN THE UNITED 1780 01:16:56,520 --> 01:16:57,560 STATES AND THAT WAS NOT 1781 01:16:57,560 --> 01:16:59,640 PUBLISHED BY OUR GROUP HERE BUT 1782 01:16:59,640 --> 01:17:02,400 ALSO BY THE CDC EARLIER THIS 1783 01:17:02,400 --> 01:17:08,080 YEAR AND THEN AFRICAN AMERICANS 1784 01:17:08,080 --> 01:17:09,640 HAVE SHORTER LIFE EXPECT ANTSY 1785 01:17:09,640 --> 01:17:15,520 BUT THERE ARE COUN TEASE AREAS 1786 01:17:15,520 --> 01:17:16,800 WHERE INCLUDING IN FLORIDA WHERE 1787 01:17:16,800 --> 01:17:18,320 AFRICAN AMERICANS DO BETTER THAN 1788 01:17:18,320 --> 01:17:19,800 WHITES OR AS GOOD AS WHITES 1789 01:17:19,800 --> 01:17:21,920 LET'S PUT IT THAT WAY AND YOU 1790 01:17:21,920 --> 01:17:24,920 ALSO SEE AMERICAN INDIAN AND 1791 01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:26,480 ALASKA NATIVES PREDOMINANTLY 1792 01:17:26,480 --> 01:17:28,480 DOING WORSE BUT NOT UNVERSALLY 1793 01:17:28,480 --> 01:17:32,760 AND THERE ARE POCKETS OF 1794 01:17:32,760 --> 01:17:34,800 COUNTIES WHERE THE LIFE 1795 01:17:34,800 --> 01:17:35,840 EXPECTANCY IS WORSE AND NOW WE 1796 01:17:35,840 --> 01:17:43,840 HAVE FOR THE FIRST TIME, 1797 01:17:43,840 --> 01:17:45,040 ESTIMATES FOR ASIAN AMERICANS 1798 01:17:45,040 --> 01:17:47,000 NOW OFFICIALLY IN THE CDC AS 1799 01:17:47,000 --> 01:17:48,840 WELL AS AMERICAN INDIAN AND 1800 01:17:48,840 --> 01:17:51,680 ALASKA NATIVE AND THOSE HAVE NOT 1801 01:17:51,680 --> 01:17:53,640 BUN TESTIFY BUT NOT WIDELY 1802 01:17:53,640 --> 01:17:59,840 DISSEMINATED AND IT GIVES US 1803 01:17:59,840 --> 01:18:00,400 PUBLIC-HEALTH MET WISHES TO 1804 01:18:00,400 --> 01:18:01,000 FOLLOW AND FOR TRACTOR-TRAILER 1805 01:18:01,000 --> 01:18:03,160 SECOND YEAR IN A ROW THE UNITED 1806 01:18:03,160 --> 01:18:08,720 STATES LIFE EXPECTANCY DROPPED 1807 01:18:08,720 --> 01:18:09,040 IN 2021. 1808 01:18:09,040 --> 01:18:11,280 MOST HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HAVE 1809 01:18:11,280 --> 01:18:12,720 RECOVERED AND I THINK ALL OF 1810 01:18:12,720 --> 01:18:19,680 THEM HAVE EXCEPT THE UNITED 1811 01:18:19,680 --> 01:18:25,480 STATES. 1812 01:18:25,480 --> 01:18:28,040 IN THE LINK BETWEEN A DEPRESSION 1813 01:18:28,040 --> 01:18:28,960 ON SLEEP. 1814 01:18:28,960 --> 01:18:32,400 AND MEXICAN AMERICANS AND SLEEP 1815 01:18:32,400 --> 01:18:34,760 IS AN AREA OF ACTIVE RESEARCH 1816 01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:37,040 FOR NOT ONLY OUR INVESTIGATORS 1817 01:18:37,040 --> 01:18:38,320 BUT ALSO THE COMMUNITY. 1818 01:18:38,320 --> 01:18:40,560 WE'VE HAD A SLEEP INITIATIVE 1819 01:18:40,560 --> 01:18:44,200 THAT HAS FUNDED A NUMBER OF VERY 1820 01:18:44,200 --> 01:18:46,440 GOOD INVESTIGATORS AND THAT HAVE 1821 01:18:46,440 --> 01:18:47,800 BEEN PRODUCING RESULTS. 1822 01:18:47,800 --> 01:18:49,880 SO LIVING MORE TIME IN THE U.S. 1823 01:18:49,880 --> 01:18:51,560 WITH LONGER SLEEP DURATION, 1824 01:18:51,560 --> 01:18:53,600 ENGLISH SPEAKING HAD HIGHER RISK 1825 01:18:53,600 --> 01:18:55,120 OF SHORT SLEEP DURATION. 1826 01:18:55,120 --> 01:19:00,040 SO GOING IN TWO DIRECTIONS A 1827 01:19:00,040 --> 01:19:00,960 CULTURATION ISN'T ALWAYS GOOD OR 1828 01:19:00,960 --> 01:19:08,320 BAD FOR YOU WE HAVE TO STUDY IT 1829 01:19:08,320 --> 01:19:10,360 AND THE OTHERS INCREASE IN THIS 1830 01:19:10,360 --> 01:19:12,560 DEPRESSION SCORE THAT PHQ WHICH 1831 01:19:12,560 --> 01:19:14,440 IS PRIMARILY USED CLINICALLY BUT 1832 01:19:14,440 --> 01:19:19,360 IT'S NOW PART OF IT SO GOOD TO 1833 01:19:19,360 --> 01:19:21,040 LOOK AT. 1834 01:19:21,040 --> 01:19:22,840 ALSO LOOKING AT THE RESULTS OF 1835 01:19:22,840 --> 01:19:25,640 WHAT AFRO CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS 1836 01:19:25,640 --> 01:19:28,360 LOOK LIKE IN TERMS OF HEALTH 1837 01:19:28,360 --> 01:19:30,520 COMPARED TO AFRICAN AMERICAN 1838 01:19:30,520 --> 01:19:32,080 PEER AND THE ODDS OF GETTING 1839 01:19:32,080 --> 01:19:37,080 DIABETES AND BMI AND THIS IS 1840 01:19:37,080 --> 01:19:42,560 IMPORTANT IN MECHANISTICALLY 1841 01:19:42,560 --> 01:19:42,960 INTERESTING. 1842 01:19:42,960 --> 01:19:44,560 SOME QUESTIONS WHY DO WE THINK 1843 01:19:44,560 --> 01:19:47,600 OF OUR RACE OR RACE ETHNICITY IN 1844 01:19:47,600 --> 01:19:50,720 THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE. 1845 01:19:50,720 --> 01:19:52,080 SOMETIMES WE SEE THE OUTCOME AND 1846 01:19:52,080 --> 01:19:53,760 IT'S MORE COMMON IN THAT GROUP 1847 01:19:53,760 --> 01:19:55,520 OR THIS GROUP AND WE KNOW IT'S 1848 01:19:55,520 --> 01:19:57,280 NOT CAUSAL BUT IT HELPS US 1849 01:19:57,280 --> 01:20:02,280 UNDERSTAND HOW PEOPLE MIGHT GET 1850 01:20:02,280 --> 01:20:04,760 THERE AND ILLUMINATE POTENTIAL 1851 01:20:04,760 --> 01:20:05,120 MECHANISMS. 1852 01:20:05,120 --> 01:20:07,520 ONE NA IS COMMONLY THOUGHT WELL 1853 01:20:07,520 --> 01:20:11,000 YOUR WEIGHT GOES UP, YOUR BMI 1854 01:20:11,000 --> 01:20:12,880 GOES UP, YOUR RISK OF DISEASE 1855 01:20:12,880 --> 01:20:14,880 PRIMARILY DIABETES IN THIS CASE, 1856 01:20:14,880 --> 01:20:17,360 IS GOING TO GO UP. 1857 01:20:17,360 --> 01:20:22,200 AND THOSE DATA DATA ARE GENERAN 1858 01:20:22,200 --> 01:20:24,080 ONE POPULATION AND ASSUMED TO BE 1859 01:20:24,080 --> 01:20:24,680 IN OTHERS. 1860 01:20:24,680 --> 01:20:27,040 YOU FIND THE RISKS DON'T BEHAVE 1861 01:20:27,040 --> 01:20:29,160 THE SAME IN ALL POPULATIONS. 1862 01:20:29,160 --> 01:20:30,840 WE'VE SEEN NOW WITH LATINOS AND 1863 01:20:30,840 --> 01:20:32,240 WE'VE SEEN IT WITH AFRICAN 1864 01:20:32,240 --> 01:20:34,480 AMERICANS AND NOW WITHIN THE 1865 01:20:34,480 --> 01:20:37,680 AFRICAN AMERICAN OR THE BROADER 1866 01:20:37,680 --> 01:20:39,440 GROUP OF BLACKS IN THE U.S. AND 1867 01:20:39,440 --> 01:20:47,200 LOOKING AT AFRO CARIBBEAN WE SEE 1868 01:20:47,200 --> 01:20:52,160 DIFFERENT RATES OF DIABETES FROM 1869 01:20:52,160 --> 01:20:52,520 OBESITY. 1870 01:20:52,520 --> 01:20:57,840 THIS IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT. 1871 01:20:57,840 --> 01:20:59,960 KATHY WAS A UNDERGRADUATE 1872 01:20:59,960 --> 01:21:07,880 STUDENT WHO WORKED WITH ME AT 1873 01:21:07,880 --> 01:21:08,920 UCSF IN KEEPING COMPLETE -- SHE 1874 01:21:08,920 --> 01:21:10,040 DID THE GRUNT WORK OF ANALYSIS 1875 01:21:10,040 --> 01:21:12,920 OF A STUDY WE HAD DONE AND NEVER 1876 01:21:12,920 --> 01:21:15,320 FINISHED WRITING IT UP AND WE 1877 01:21:15,320 --> 01:21:17,520 DID GET THAT PUBLISHED. 1878 01:21:17,520 --> 01:21:20,840 AND MAYBE I THINK IT WAS LAST -- 1879 01:21:20,840 --> 01:21:24,520 ONE OF THE LAST IF NOT THE LAST 1880 01:21:24,520 --> 01:21:25,840 EMPIRICALLY-BASED STUDIES THAT I 1881 01:21:25,840 --> 01:21:27,480 WAS FIRST AUTHOR ON. 1882 01:21:27,480 --> 01:21:31,800 SHE WENT ON TO FINISH HER BA AND 1883 01:21:31,800 --> 01:21:33,480 WENT TO GRADUATE SCHOOLS AND 1884 01:21:33,480 --> 01:21:37,800 TEXAS AND CAME BECOME TO SAN 1885 01:21:37,800 --> 01:21:40,080 FRANCISCO STATE AND BECAME A 1886 01:21:40,080 --> 01:21:41,280 SCHOLAR UNDER THE AGING RESEARCH 1887 01:21:41,280 --> 01:21:49,680 OR CADC AND UNDER ANNAPOLIS' 1888 01:21:49,680 --> 01:21:52,080 LEADERSHIP AND DID THIS PILOT 1889 01:21:52,080 --> 01:21:56,440 WORK LOOKING AT HAIR CORTISOL. 1890 01:21:56,440 --> 01:21:58,360 SHE'S A BASIC SCIENTIST BY 1891 01:21:58,360 --> 01:21:59,760 TRAINING WHO BECAME INTRIGUED 1892 01:21:59,760 --> 01:22:02,480 AND INTERESTED IN DISPARITIES 1893 01:22:02,480 --> 01:22:05,440 RESEARCH AS PART OF MENTORING 1894 01:22:05,440 --> 01:22:09,480 FROM HER MENTOR AND ALSO I THINK 1895 01:22:09,480 --> 01:22:11,840 WORKING WITH US AND THEN 1896 01:22:11,840 --> 01:22:16,960 SUBSEQUENTLY WITH ANNA AT UCSF. 1897 01:22:16,960 --> 01:22:18,680 SO HAIR CORTISOL IS USED AS A 1898 01:22:18,680 --> 01:22:20,480 STABLE MEASURE OF CHRONIC STRESS 1899 01:22:20,480 --> 01:22:23,560 AND NORMALLY, WHEN YOU LOOK AT 1900 01:22:23,560 --> 01:22:25,280 THE DATA ON MEASURING OF 1901 01:22:25,280 --> 01:22:29,920 PHYSICAL LOGIC MANIFESTATION OF 1902 01:22:29,920 --> 01:22:34,440 STRESS AND THREE TIMES A DAY 1903 01:22:34,440 --> 01:22:35,880 SALIVARY CORTISOL SEEMS TO TALK 1904 01:22:35,880 --> 01:22:38,120 ABOUT PARTICIPANT BURDEN. 1905 01:22:38,120 --> 01:22:40,720 YOU HAVE TO BE COMPULSIVE AND 1906 01:22:40,720 --> 01:22:44,440 REALLY FOCUSED TO DO THAT. 1907 01:22:44,440 --> 01:22:45,880 WELL, AIR CORTISOL IS EASY AND 1908 01:22:45,880 --> 01:22:48,320 IT TAKES ABOUT A MONTH, RIGHT, 1909 01:22:48,320 --> 01:22:52,480 FOR HAIR TO GROW AND FALLOUT. 1910 01:22:52,480 --> 01:22:55,400 SO, OR TO REACH THE POINT WHERE 1911 01:22:55,400 --> 01:22:57,160 YOU GET THIS. 1912 01:22:57,160 --> 01:23:02,440 SO, IN THIS, LOOKING AT HPA 1913 01:23:02,440 --> 01:23:04,800 ACCESS DISREGULATION AND 1914 01:23:04,800 --> 01:23:06,120 SPANISH-SPEAKING LATINA HAD 1915 01:23:06,120 --> 01:23:08,000 SURVIVED BREAST CANCER HAS BEEN 1916 01:23:08,000 --> 01:23:10,400 THE LINE OF THIS WORK THAT OF 1917 01:23:10,400 --> 01:23:11,680 YOU MAY HAVE HEARD ANNA PRESENT. 1918 01:23:11,680 --> 01:23:16,760 SO LET ME FINISH WITH THIS SORT 1919 01:23:16,760 --> 01:23:20,360 OF FUTURE PHOTO. 1920 01:23:20,360 --> 01:23:23,880 THESE WERE OUR NIMHD SUMMER 1921 01:23:23,880 --> 01:23:24,120 INTERNS. 1922 01:23:24,120 --> 01:23:27,840 TIN INCLUDES A COUPLE OF INTERNS 1923 01:23:27,840 --> 01:23:32,120 FROM MY LAB THAT IS FORMALLY 1924 01:23:32,120 --> 01:23:34,160 BASED IN NHLBI. 1925 01:23:34,160 --> 01:23:36,320 THEY HAD VIRTUAL POSTERS 1926 01:23:36,320 --> 01:23:38,560 PRESENTED AUGUST 3rd. 1927 01:23:38,560 --> 01:23:40,240 OR FOURTH. 1928 01:23:40,240 --> 01:23:42,800 THAT THEY PARTICIPATED IN THE 1929 01:23:42,800 --> 01:23:45,720 ANNUAL SUMMER INTERN 1930 01:23:45,720 --> 01:23:46,400 PRESENTATION. 1931 01:23:46,400 --> 01:23:48,200 SO JUST REMIND TO ANYONE 1932 01:23:48,200 --> 01:23:49,640 LISTENING OUT THERE OR ANY 1933 01:23:49,640 --> 01:23:53,360 MENTORS OUT THERE IF YOU HAVE 1934 01:23:53,360 --> 01:23:54,920 POTENTIAL APPLICANTS WHO WANT TO 1935 01:23:54,920 --> 01:24:00,520 COME JOIN US, WE ARE IN 1936 01:24:00,520 --> 01:24:03,360 PERPETUAL RECRUITMENT MODE AS WE 1937 01:24:03,360 --> 01:24:05,720 ALWAYS ARE LOOKING FOR GREAT 1938 01:24:05,720 --> 01:24:08,760 PEOPLE TO JOIN OUR TEAM. 1939 01:24:08,760 --> 01:24:11,760 IT'S A GREAT GROUP OF STAFF. 1940 01:24:11,760 --> 01:24:13,920 WE ALL BELIEVE IN THE MISSION 1941 01:24:13,920 --> 01:24:17,400 AND NIH IN GENERAL IS A TERRIFIC 1942 01:24:17,400 --> 01:24:26,440 ENVIRONMENT TO WORK IN SO DON'T 1943 01:24:26,440 --> 01:24:27,440 HESITATE TO TALK US UP IF YOU 1944 01:24:27,440 --> 01:24:29,280 ARE LISTENING AS A SCIENTIST. 1945 01:24:29,280 --> 01:24:35,920 SO THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 1946 01:24:35,920 --> 01:24:45,200 AND LET ME STOP SHAKE, THERE WE 1947 01:24:45,200 --> 01:24:45,360 GO. 1948 01:24:45,360 --> 01:24:46,640 >> COUNCIL MEMBERS, IF YOU HAVE 1949 01:24:46,640 --> 01:24:51,000 A QUESTION OR A COMMENT, YOU CAN 1950 01:24:51,000 --> 01:24:52,400 USE THE RAISE HAND OPTION AND 1951 01:24:52,400 --> 01:24:54,480 YOU CAN TYPE QUESTION OR 1952 01:24:54,480 --> 01:24:56,160 COMMENTS, NOT NECESSARILY THE 1953 01:24:56,160 --> 01:25:00,120 ENTIRE QUESTION OR COMMENT BUT 1954 01:25:00,120 --> 01:25:02,320 JUST LET US KNOW THAT YOU WANT 1955 01:25:02,320 --> 01:25:10,360 TO MAKE A QUESTION OR YOU HAVE A 1956 01:25:10,360 --> 01:25:10,600 COMMENT. 1957 01:25:10,600 --> 01:25:14,800 WOWE HAVE OUR FIRSTQUESTION. 1958 01:25:14,800 --> 01:25:17,040 PLEASE TURN YOUR MIC OR CAMERA 1959 01:25:17,040 --> 01:25:17,200 ON. 1960 01:25:17,200 --> 01:25:18,880 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR NEXT 1961 01:25:18,880 --> 01:25:20,120 LENT REPORT. 1962 01:25:20,120 --> 01:25:22,200 I THOUGHT, WELL I JUST WANTED TO 1963 01:25:22,200 --> 01:25:24,280 HIGHLIGHT AND ASK YOU A QUESTION 1964 01:25:24,280 --> 01:25:27,880 ABOUT THE STUDY ON LIFE 1965 01:25:27,880 --> 01:25:28,640 EXPECTANCY. 1966 01:25:28,640 --> 01:25:31,200 SO, THAT DATA I THINK IS VERY 1967 01:25:31,200 --> 01:25:33,040 RELEVANT, FOR EXAMPLE, I CAN USE 1968 01:25:33,040 --> 01:25:36,480 LIKE LIFE EXPECTANCY MANY 1969 01:25:36,480 --> 01:25:38,040 STUDIES TO UNDERSTAND YOU KNOW 1970 01:25:38,040 --> 01:25:41,880 RETIREMENT SOCIAL SECURITY, IT'S 1971 01:25:41,880 --> 01:25:43,520 GOING TO BE AN IMPACT IN MANY OF 1972 01:25:43,520 --> 01:25:45,560 US IN OUR RESEARCH SO I WAS 1973 01:25:45,560 --> 01:25:47,800 LIKE, REALLY HAPPY TO SEE THAT 1974 01:25:47,800 --> 01:25:51,280 KIND OF DATA AVAILABLE AND SO I 1975 01:25:51,280 --> 01:25:53,120 WANTED TO ASK WHERE IS THE DATA 1976 01:25:53,120 --> 01:25:54,200 GOING TO BE AVAILABLE AND YOU 1977 01:25:54,200 --> 01:25:57,000 KNOW, ARE YOU PLANNING TO DO IT 1978 01:25:57,000 --> 01:26:00,880 BEFORE THE 2000s OR LIKE JUST 1979 01:26:00,880 --> 01:26:03,640 TO KNOW A MORE BIT ABOUT THAT. 1980 01:26:03,640 --> 01:26:07,000 >> THANK YOU, EMMA. 1981 01:26:07,000 --> 01:26:12,880 THE MODEL WAS THE HARDEST PART. 1982 01:26:12,880 --> 01:26:16,960 AND GETTING MORE TIMELY DATA IS 1983 01:26:16,960 --> 01:26:17,400 A CHALLENGED. 1984 01:26:17,400 --> 01:26:21,040 LET'S LEAVE IT AT THAT. 1985 01:26:21,040 --> 01:26:23,080 PERHAPS CONVENE WEREN'TLY OR 1986 01:26:23,080 --> 01:26:25,440 INCONVENIENTLY, YOU KNOW, THE 1987 01:26:25,440 --> 01:26:28,280 TIME SPAN EXCLUDES COVID AND SO 1988 01:26:28,280 --> 01:26:31,000 OBVIOUSLY THERE'S A COVID TIME 1989 01:26:31,000 --> 01:26:34,200 NEEDS TO BE LOOKED AT AND THEY 1990 01:26:34,200 --> 01:26:35,640 ARE DOING IT, OTHER GROUPS HERE 1991 01:26:35,640 --> 01:26:37,160 ARE DOING IT AND WORE PART OF 1992 01:26:37,160 --> 01:26:39,880 SOME LOOK AT THAT AND EXCESS 1993 01:26:39,880 --> 01:26:42,680 DEATHS FOR 2020 THAT THE 1994 01:26:42,680 --> 01:26:45,040 POPULATION SCIENCE GROUP AT NCI, 1995 01:26:45,040 --> 01:26:49,120 IT WAS ALREADY PUBLISHED. 1996 01:26:49,120 --> 01:26:52,720 I HME, THE INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH 1997 01:26:52,720 --> 01:26:54,320 METRIC EVALUATION POLICY IS THAT 1998 01:26:54,320 --> 01:26:58,760 THEY BASICALLY PUT ALL THE DATA 1999 01:26:58,760 --> 01:26:59,440 AVAILABLE. 2000 01:26:59,440 --> 01:27:01,560 SO, ALL THE DATA THAT INFORMED 2001 01:27:01,560 --> 01:27:03,000 THIS ARTICLE IS ALREADY 2002 01:27:03,000 --> 01:27:06,480 AVAILABLE TO ANYONE. 2003 01:27:06,480 --> 01:27:09,280 THE DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS YOU 2004 01:27:09,280 --> 01:27:11,440 CAN GENERATE GRAPHS AND LOOK AT 2005 01:27:11,440 --> 01:27:12,160 THE DATA. 2006 01:27:12,160 --> 01:27:14,080 THAT IS THEIR POLICY. 2007 01:27:14,080 --> 01:27:16,480 THEY DON'T CONTROL OR MONITOR 2008 01:27:16,480 --> 01:27:19,440 WHO USES IT FOR WHAT. 2009 01:27:19,440 --> 01:27:22,520 SO I THINK WHEN THEY GOT THE 2010 01:27:22,520 --> 01:27:26,920 MODEL TO WORK, WHICH WAS NO 2011 01:27:26,920 --> 01:27:30,440 SMALL DEAL, NOW WE'RE LOOKING AT 2012 01:27:30,440 --> 01:27:33,600 OTHER CAUSES OF DEATH. 2013 01:27:33,600 --> 01:27:35,680 I'M REALLY PLEASED THAT WE ARE 2014 01:27:35,680 --> 01:27:37,880 GOING TO MAKE PROGRESS ON THIS 2015 01:27:37,880 --> 01:27:40,760 SEPARATION OF ASIANS FROM NATIVE 2016 01:27:40,760 --> 01:27:42,520 HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS 2017 01:27:42,520 --> 01:27:45,600 AND THIS IS BEEN MOSTLY A 2018 01:27:45,600 --> 01:27:50,360 CONSEQUENCE OF STATES NOT 2019 01:27:50,360 --> 01:27:55,480 SIGNING ONTO THE MANDATE FOR 2020 01:27:55,480 --> 01:27:57,280 YEARS UNTIL 2017, NOT EVERY 2021 01:27:57,280 --> 01:28:02,960 STATE HAD SEPARATED THE GROUP XD 2022 01:28:02,960 --> 01:28:05,080 THAT'S WHY CDC HAS BEEN 2023 01:28:05,080 --> 01:28:07,080 REPORTING THIS OUTCOME AS API 2024 01:28:07,080 --> 01:28:09,000 BUT I THINK WE NOW HAVE AN 2025 01:28:09,000 --> 01:28:11,480 AGREEMENT THAT WE'RE GOING TO 2026 01:28:11,480 --> 01:28:14,200 CALL THE RATES ASIAN AND PUT AN 2027 01:28:14,200 --> 01:28:15,720 EXPLANATION AS TO YES, THE 2028 01:28:15,720 --> 01:28:17,920 NATIVE HAWAIIAN PACIFIC 2029 01:28:17,920 --> 01:28:19,320 ISLANDERS ARE BURIED IN HERE BUT 2030 01:28:19,320 --> 01:28:22,280 NOT PRO TEND IT REFLECTS THE 2031 01:28:22,280 --> 01:28:23,680 OTHER GROUP WHICH BY AND LARGE 2032 01:28:23,680 --> 01:28:26,880 IS WORSE OUTCOMES ON THE LIMITED 2033 01:28:26,880 --> 01:28:28,080 AVAILABLE SEPARATE DATA THAT 2034 01:28:28,080 --> 01:28:31,240 WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO SEE FROM 2035 01:28:31,240 --> 01:28:32,200 OTHER GROUPS. 2036 01:28:32,200 --> 01:28:34,720 I WILL MAKE SURE THAT YOU GET 2037 01:28:34,720 --> 01:28:36,960 THE LINK TO IHME. 2038 01:28:36,960 --> 01:28:38,840 THEY HAVE WONDERFUL RESOURCE AND 2039 01:28:38,840 --> 01:28:40,640 IT'S NOT THE ONLY GROUP THAT 2040 01:28:40,640 --> 01:28:44,160 DOES THIS, OBVIOUSLY CDC, THE 2041 01:28:44,160 --> 01:28:46,880 WONDER, DATABASES ARE ALSO VERY 2042 01:28:46,880 --> 01:28:47,320 HELPFUL. 2043 01:28:47,320 --> 01:28:51,600 THERE ARE DIFFERENCES BUT BY AND 2044 01:28:51,600 --> 01:28:55,960 LARGE, GETTING IHME TO FOCUS ON 2045 01:28:55,960 --> 01:28:58,840 THE UNITED STATES AND TO FOCUS 2046 01:28:58,840 --> 01:29:00,120 ON GEOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED 2047 01:29:00,120 --> 01:29:02,400 STATES IS REALLY IMPORTANT. 2048 01:29:02,400 --> 01:29:06,720 SEVERAL YEARS AGO, IN CONSUMING 2049 01:29:06,720 --> 01:29:13,320 OUR UNDERSTANDING THE WORK OF 2050 01:29:13,320 --> 01:29:18,000 RAJ CHETY AND LOOKING AT A 2051 01:29:18,000 --> 01:29:22,840 DIFFERENT RACE OF MORTALITY BY 2052 01:29:22,840 --> 01:29:25,240 INCOME, IT'S INTRIGUE TAG SOME 2053 01:29:25,240 --> 01:29:27,080 COMMUNITIES REALLY DO A PRETTY 2054 01:29:27,080 --> 01:29:31,320 GOOD JOB OF CARING FOR THEIR 2055 01:29:31,320 --> 01:29:32,000 MOST UNDER PRIVILEGED AND OTHERS 2056 01:29:32,000 --> 01:29:33,480 DO NOT AS GOOD OF A JOB MANY OF 2057 01:29:33,480 --> 01:29:35,560 THIS IS SORT OF A WAY TO TRY TO 2058 01:29:35,560 --> 01:29:37,120 CREATE A TOOL TO EVALUATE THAT 2059 01:29:37,120 --> 01:29:46,600 MORE CLOSELY. 2060 01:29:46,600 --> 01:29:48,880 AND LARGE AREAS BUT I THINK THAT 2061 01:29:48,880 --> 01:29:51,120 THERE'S THE ABILITY TO LOOK AT 2062 01:29:51,120 --> 01:29:57,200 SMALLER AREAS MORE CLOSELY. 2063 01:29:57,200 --> 01:29:57,640 SO -- 2064 01:29:57,640 --> 01:29:58,000 >> Paul: OK. 2065 01:29:58,000 --> 01:30:01,920 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. 2066 01:30:01,920 --> 01:30:08,200 WHY SI DON'T SEEANYTHING ELSE I. 2067 01:30:08,200 --> 01:30:13,120 SO, I'M GOING TO CLOSE THAT AND 2068 01:30:13,120 --> 01:30:16,960 WE WILL ACCEPT ADDITIONAL 2069 01:30:16,960 --> 01:30:17,200 QUESTIONS. 2070 01:30:17,200 --> 01:30:18,760 AT SOME POINT LATER. 2071 01:30:18,760 --> 01:30:20,760 AT THIS POINT, WHAT I WANT TO DO 2072 01:30:20,760 --> 01:30:27,120 IS I WANT TO BRING PRISCILLA 2073 01:30:27,120 --> 01:30:28,400 GRANT TO PROVIDE THE STATEMENT 2074 01:30:28,400 --> 01:30:35,120 OF UNDERSTANDING. 2075 01:30:35,120 --> 01:30:37,360 >> HI, I'M THE NIMHD CHIEF 2076 01:30:37,360 --> 01:30:38,800 GRANTS MANAGEMENT OFFICER. 2077 01:30:38,800 --> 01:30:40,480 I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY OUTLINE THE 2078 01:30:40,480 --> 01:30:43,080 STATEMENT OF UNDERSTANDING 2079 01:30:43,080 --> 01:30:44,000 BETWEEN NIMHD AND COUNCIL AND 2080 01:30:44,000 --> 01:30:47,160 HIGHLIGHT PARTS OF IT. 2081 01:30:47,160 --> 01:30:49,080 THE STATEMENT IS IN YOUR 2082 01:30:49,080 --> 01:30:50,600 ELECTRONIC FOLDER AND IT 2083 01:30:50,600 --> 01:30:51,800 SUMMARIZES OUR UNDERSTANDING 2084 01:30:51,800 --> 01:30:53,760 WITH YOU ABOUT HOW OUR 2085 01:30:53,760 --> 01:30:55,040 INTERACTIONS WILL PROCEED OVER 2086 01:30:55,040 --> 01:30:56,800 THE NEXT YEAR. 2087 01:30:56,800 --> 01:30:58,120 I'LL GO THROUGH IT IN THE ORDER 2088 01:30:58,120 --> 01:30:59,960 THAT THE SECTIONS APPEAR IN THE 2089 01:30:59,960 --> 01:31:03,240 DOCUMENT WHICH IS WHY I WILL 2090 01:31:03,240 --> 01:31:04,280 MENTION SOME SECTION THAT'S 2091 01:31:04,280 --> 01:31:07,720 DIDN'T APPLY THIS ROUND. 2092 01:31:07,720 --> 01:31:09,440 IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, PLEASE 2093 01:31:09,440 --> 01:31:11,240 FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME ABOUT 2094 01:31:11,240 --> 01:31:11,600 THEM. 2095 01:31:11,600 --> 01:31:14,520 MY CONTACT INFORMATION IS ON THE 2096 01:31:14,520 --> 01:31:15,360 LAST SLIDE. 2097 01:31:15,360 --> 01:31:17,720 TO HELP ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF THE 2098 01:31:17,720 --> 01:31:19,120 INSTITUTE, THIS COUNCIL'S 2099 01:31:19,120 --> 01:31:20,640 RESPONSIBLE FOR ADVISING, 2100 01:31:20,640 --> 01:31:22,680 CONSULTING WITH AND MAKING 2101 01:31:22,680 --> 01:31:24,160 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE DIRECTOR 2102 01:31:24,160 --> 01:31:26,560 OF NIMHD ON MATTERS RELATING TO 2103 01:31:26,560 --> 01:31:28,440 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND 2104 01:31:28,440 --> 01:31:29,880 FUNCTIONS OF THE NIMHD. 2105 01:31:29,880 --> 01:31:31,560 COUNCIL MEMBERS SERVE AS A 2106 01:31:31,560 --> 01:31:33,680 NATIONAL RESOURCE IN DEVELOPING, 2107 01:31:33,680 --> 01:31:35,240 RECOMMENDING AND SETTING THE 2108 01:31:35,240 --> 01:31:37,440 INSTITUTES POLICY AND RESEARCH 2109 01:31:37,440 --> 01:31:37,840 PRIORITIES. 2110 01:31:37,840 --> 01:31:39,480 ON OCCASION, SPECIAL WORKING 2111 01:31:39,480 --> 01:31:41,720 GROUPS MAY BE FORMED BY OR AT 2112 01:31:41,720 --> 01:31:43,480 THE REQUEST OF COUNCIL, TO 2113 01:31:43,480 --> 01:31:45,160 EXAMINE IT AND ADDRESS CRITICAL 2114 01:31:45,160 --> 01:31:48,360 SCIENTIFIC OR POLICY ISSUES OF 2115 01:31:48,360 --> 01:31:50,720 IMPORTANCE TO THE INSTITUTE AND 2116 01:31:50,720 --> 01:31:52,200 ITS CONSTITUENCY. 2117 01:31:52,200 --> 01:31:53,200 THEY WILL INFORM COUNCIL OF 2118 01:31:53,200 --> 01:31:54,960 CURRENT SCIENTIFIC BUDGETARY 2119 01:31:54,960 --> 01:31:56,680 LEGISLATIVE OR OTHER ISSUES THAT 2120 01:31:56,680 --> 01:31:59,160 MAY HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE NIMHD 2121 01:31:59,160 --> 01:32:06,920 AND THE CONSTITUENCY. 2122 01:32:06,920 --> 01:32:08,480 THERE ARE TWO COUNCIL SESSIONS 2123 01:32:08,480 --> 01:32:10,040 ONE IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND 2124 01:32:10,040 --> 01:32:11,800 THE OTHER IS CLOSED TO THE 2125 01:32:11,800 --> 01:32:12,320 PUBLIC. 2126 01:32:12,320 --> 01:32:14,640 IN THE OPEN SESSION, THERE'S 2127 01:32:14,640 --> 01:32:16,320 DISCUSSION OF SCIENTIFIC AND 2128 01:32:16,320 --> 01:32:17,880 POLICY ISSUES AND CONCEPT 2129 01:32:17,880 --> 01:32:19,560 CLEARANCE OF SPECIAL 2130 01:32:19,560 --> 01:32:20,120 INITIATIVES. 2131 01:32:20,120 --> 01:32:22,760 CONCEPT CLEARANCE IS DESCRIBED 2132 01:32:22,760 --> 01:32:23,440 IN MORE DETAIL IN THE STATEMENT. 2133 01:32:23,440 --> 01:32:25,200 IN THE CLOSED SESSION, THERE'S 2134 01:32:25,200 --> 01:32:27,320 SECONDARY REVIEW OF GRANT 2135 01:32:27,320 --> 01:32:28,040 APPLICATIONS. 2136 01:32:28,040 --> 01:32:29,880 THE STATEMENT PROVIDES MORE 2137 01:32:29,880 --> 01:32:31,080 DETAILS ON THIS. 2138 01:32:31,080 --> 01:32:32,600 CERTAIN ACTIONS MUST BE 2139 01:32:32,600 --> 01:32:34,000 CONSIDERED INDIVIDUALLY BY 2140 01:32:34,000 --> 01:32:35,560 COUNCIL AND WE BRING TO YOUR 2141 01:32:35,560 --> 01:32:37,200 ATTENTION ANY THAT APPLY TO THE 2142 01:32:37,200 --> 01:32:38,640 GRANTS BEING REVIEWED. 2143 01:32:38,640 --> 01:32:40,960 SO, TWO OF YOUR MOST IMPORTANT 2144 01:32:40,960 --> 01:32:43,040 FUNCTIONS ARE CLEARANCE OF NEW 2145 01:32:43,040 --> 01:32:44,960 INITIATIVES IN THE OPEN SESSION, 2146 01:32:44,960 --> 01:32:47,000 AND SECONDARY REVIEW OF GRANT 2147 01:32:47,000 --> 01:32:49,960 APPLICATIONS IN THE CLOSED 2148 01:32:49,960 --> 01:32:51,480 SESSION. 2149 01:32:51,480 --> 01:32:53,120 ACTIONS CONSIDERED INDIVIDUALLY 2150 01:32:53,120 --> 01:32:55,320 ENCLOUD PLANS FOR FUNDING UNDER 2151 01:32:55,320 --> 01:32:58,320 RFAs, APPLICATIONS OF HIGH OR 2152 01:32:58,320 --> 01:33:01,120 LOW PROGRAM PRIORITIES, 2153 01:33:01,120 --> 01:33:02,400 APPLICATIONS FROM FORUM 2154 01:33:02,400 --> 01:33:04,080 INSTITUTIONS WITHIN A FUNDABLE 2155 01:33:04,080 --> 01:33:05,800 RANGE, SUMMARY STATEMENTS OF 2156 01:33:05,800 --> 01:33:08,840 SPECIAL INTEREST OR NEEDING 2157 01:33:08,840 --> 01:33:09,920 DISCUSSION OR ACTION FOR EXAMPLE 2158 01:33:09,920 --> 01:33:12,160 SOME ASPECT OF THE RRG'S 2159 01:33:12,160 --> 01:33:13,400 RECOMMENDATION HAS BEEN 2160 01:33:13,400 --> 01:33:13,840 QUESTIONED. 2161 01:33:13,840 --> 01:33:15,160 CO FUNDING APPLICATIONS FOR 2162 01:33:15,160 --> 01:33:18,240 WHICH OTHER ICUs HAVE PRIMARY 2163 01:33:18,240 --> 01:33:19,280 RESPONSIBILITY IF THE NIMHD DID 2164 01:33:19,280 --> 01:33:21,360 NOT HAVE PRIMARY OR DUEL 2165 01:33:21,360 --> 01:33:25,880 ASSIGNMENT ON THE COMPETING 2166 01:33:25,880 --> 01:33:27,600 APPLICATION. 2167 01:33:27,600 --> 01:33:30,160 AND SOME INVESTOR APPLICATION OF 2168 01:33:30,160 --> 01:33:33,320 PIs RECEIVING $2 MILLION TOTAL 2169 01:33:33,320 --> 01:33:35,160 COST FROM YEAR FROM RESEARCH 2170 01:33:35,160 --> 01:33:39,680 PROJECT GRANT AWARDS. 2171 01:33:39,680 --> 01:33:43,560 THERE IS A SECTION ON REVIEW AND 2172 01:33:43,560 --> 01:33:46,600 REVOLUTION OF APPEALS. 2173 01:33:46,600 --> 01:33:48,840 THEY DON'T ALLOW APPEALS OF PEER 2174 01:33:48,840 --> 01:33:50,200 REVIEW IF WE HAVE ANY APPEALS OF 2175 01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:55,880 THE REVIEW OF UNSOLICITED 2176 01:33:55,880 --> 01:33:57,960 APPLICATIONS, WE WILL INFORM 2177 01:33:57,960 --> 01:33:58,320 YOU. 2178 01:33:58,320 --> 01:34:00,440 THE STATEMENT HAS A SECTION THAT 2179 01:34:00,440 --> 01:34:02,000 LISTS ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION 2180 01:34:02,000 --> 01:34:04,040 AND ACTION THAT'S DON'T REQUIRE 2181 01:34:04,040 --> 01:34:05,320 COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION. 2182 01:34:05,320 --> 01:34:06,600 THE ITEMS LISTED ON THIS SLIDE 2183 01:34:06,600 --> 01:34:08,880 ARE EXAMPLES OF ACTIONS THAT 2184 01:34:08,880 --> 01:34:10,480 WOULD NOT BE BROUGHT BEFORE THE 2185 01:34:10,480 --> 01:34:12,520 COUNCIL SUCH AS CHANGE OF P.I., 2186 01:34:12,520 --> 01:34:14,600 CHANGE OF DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS, 2187 01:34:14,600 --> 01:34:16,600 OR ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS 2188 01:34:16,600 --> 01:34:20,560 FOR INCREASED COST WITHIN THE 2189 01:34:20,560 --> 01:34:28,240 PEER-REVIEWED SCOPE OF A FUNDED 2190 01:34:28,240 --> 01:34:29,280 GRANT. 2191 01:34:29,280 --> 01:34:31,080 A SECTION DESCRIBES OPTIONS 2192 01:34:31,080 --> 01:34:32,400 AVAILABLE TO COUNCIL WHEN 2193 01:34:32,400 --> 01:34:33,480 REVIEWING GRANT APPLICATIONS 2194 01:34:33,480 --> 01:34:35,160 DURING THE CLOSED SESSION. 2195 01:34:35,160 --> 01:34:37,160 THE COUNCIL MAY NOT CHANGE THE 2196 01:34:37,160 --> 01:34:38,720 SCORES ASSIGNED BY THE 2197 01:34:38,720 --> 01:34:40,120 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP, HERE 2198 01:34:40,120 --> 01:34:43,160 ARE THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE. 2199 01:34:43,160 --> 01:34:46,600 CONCURRENCE WITH THE SRD 2200 01:34:46,600 --> 01:34:47,240 RECOMMENDATION, NON CONCURRENCE 2201 01:34:47,240 --> 01:34:49,160 WITH THE SRG RECOMMENDATION 2202 01:34:49,160 --> 01:34:51,000 BASED ON SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL 2203 01:34:51,000 --> 01:34:52,760 MERIT OR POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. 2204 01:34:52,760 --> 01:34:55,120 RECOMMENDATION OF HIGH OR LOW 2205 01:34:55,120 --> 01:34:57,120 PROGRAM PRIORITY OR DEFERRAL TO 2206 01:34:57,120 --> 01:34:58,120 OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 2207 01:34:58,120 --> 01:35:01,120 FOR CONSIDERATION AT ANOTHER 2208 01:35:01,120 --> 01:35:01,360 MEETING. 2209 01:35:01,360 --> 01:35:06,280 A REPORT OF THE OBLAC AND 2210 01:35:06,280 --> 01:35:07,800 SUMMARY STATEMENTS NOT REQUIRING 2211 01:35:07,800 --> 01:35:11,280 INDIVIDUAL DISCUSSIONS ARE 2212 01:35:11,280 --> 01:35:14,720 TREATED AN INDIVIDUAL SUMMARY 2213 01:35:14,720 --> 01:35:16,000 STATEMENT BE DISCUSSED 2214 01:35:16,000 --> 01:35:18,960 INDIVIDUALLY BY THE COUNCIL. 2215 01:35:18,960 --> 01:35:20,560 THE EXPEDITED REVIEW PROCESS IS 2216 01:35:20,560 --> 01:35:21,760 NOT MENTIONED IN THESE SLIDES 2217 01:35:21,760 --> 01:35:23,360 BECAUSE IT DESCRIBES AN OPTIONAL 2218 01:35:23,360 --> 01:35:24,880 PROCESS THAT DIDN'T APPLY TO 2219 01:35:24,880 --> 01:35:26,520 THIS ROUNDS APPLICATIONS IF WE 2220 01:35:26,520 --> 01:35:27,960 WERE TO FOLLOW THIS PROCESS IN 2221 01:35:27,960 --> 01:35:29,640 THE FUTURE FOR CERTAIN 2222 01:35:29,640 --> 01:35:30,600 APPLICATIONS YOU WOULD BE 2223 01:35:30,600 --> 01:35:33,640 PROVIDED WITH DETAILS IN 2224 01:35:33,640 --> 01:35:34,240 ADVANCE. 2225 01:35:34,240 --> 01:35:35,840 A SECTION DESCRIBED OPTIONS 2226 01:35:35,840 --> 01:35:37,280 AVAILABLE TO YOU COUNCIL WHEN 2227 01:35:37,280 --> 01:35:38,600 REVIEWING NEW CONCEPTS FOR 2228 01:35:38,600 --> 01:35:40,480 CLEARANCE DURING THE OPEN 2229 01:35:40,480 --> 01:35:41,680 SESSION. 2230 01:35:41,680 --> 01:35:44,880 APPROVAL, DISAPPROVAL, DEFERRAL, 2231 01:35:44,880 --> 01:35:46,920 OR APPROVAL WITH RECOMMENDATIONS 2232 01:35:46,920 --> 01:35:49,560 FOR SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS. 2233 01:35:49,560 --> 01:35:51,040 TO SUMMARIZE, THE STATEMENT OF 2234 01:35:51,040 --> 01:35:53,520 UNDERSTAND WAS WRITTEN TO BE 2235 01:35:53,520 --> 01:35:55,000 COMPREHENSIVE NOT ALL SECTIONS 2236 01:35:55,000 --> 01:35:56,200 WERE APPLICABLE TO THE 2237 01:35:56,200 --> 01:35:57,640 PARTICULAR GRANTS AND ITEMS 2238 01:35:57,640 --> 01:35:59,640 DISCUSSED AT THIS COUNCIL ROUND. 2239 01:35:59,640 --> 01:36:01,200 HOWEVER, WE BRING TO YOUR 2240 01:36:01,200 --> 01:36:02,600 ATTENTION ANY GRANTS OR OTHER 2241 01:36:02,600 --> 01:36:03,800 MATTERS REQUIRING YOUR 2242 01:36:03,800 --> 01:36:05,000 CONSIDERATION OR THAT MAY HAVE 2243 01:36:05,000 --> 01:36:10,280 AN IMPACT ON THE NIMHD AND ITS 2244 01:36:10,280 --> 01:36:11,800 CONSTITUENCY. 2245 01:36:11,800 --> 01:36:15,400 IN CASE YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS 2246 01:36:15,400 --> 01:36:19,160 OR CONCERNS, HERE IS MY CONTACT 2247 01:36:19,160 --> 01:36:19,480 INFORMATION. 2248 01:36:19,480 --> 01:36:20,240 THANK YOU. 2249 01:36:20,240 --> 01:36:21,080 >> Paul: DOES ANY COUNCILMEMBER 2250 01:36:21,080 --> 01:36:25,640 HAVE A QUESTION OR COMMENT FOR 2251 01:36:25,640 --> 01:36:29,320 PRISCILLA? 2252 01:36:29,320 --> 01:36:30,520 RAISE YOUR HAND OR PUT QUESTION 2253 01:36:30,520 --> 01:36:40,960 OR COMMENT IN THE CHATBOX. 2254 01:36:44,080 --> 01:36:44,160 OK. 2255 01:36:44,160 --> 01:36:46,400 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH, PRISCILLA. 2256 01:36:46,400 --> 01:36:52,800 AND WITH THAT, I AM GOING TO GO 2257 01:36:52,800 --> 01:36:55,880 INTO A BREAK. 2258 01:36:55,880 --> 01:36:59,720 PLEASE BE BACK PROMPTLY BY 1:00 2259 01:36:59,720 --> 01:37:00,040 P.M. 2260 01:37:00,040 --> 01:37:01,880 YOU DON'T HAVE TO LEAVE. 2261 01:37:01,880 --> 01:37:03,400 YOU CAN JUST TURN YOUR CAMERA 2262 01:37:03,400 --> 01:37:06,360 OFF AND MUTE YOUR MICROPHONE AND 2263 01:37:06,360 --> 01:37:09,040 ENJOY YOURSELF. 2264 01:37:09,040 --> 01:37:10,960 WE HAVE A EXTERNAL SPEAKER 2265 01:37:10,960 --> 01:37:14,920 COMING IN THAT WILL BE STARTING 2266 01:37:14,920 --> 01:37:17,200 PROMPTLY AT 1:00 P.M. SO PLEASE 2267 01:37:17,200 --> 01:37:20,640 GET BACK TO HEAR THIS 2268 01:37:20,640 --> 01:37:20,960 PRESENTATION. 2269 01:37:20,960 --> 01:37:21,320 THANK YOU. 2270 01:37:21,320 --> 01:37:22,320 WE'RE NOW AT BREAK. 2271 01:37:27,240 --> 01:37:29,400 WE'RE HERE FOR THE AFTERNOON AND 2272 01:37:29,400 --> 01:37:32,560 HOPEFULLY EVERYBODY TOOK A BREAK 2273 01:37:32,560 --> 01:37:33,760 AND WE HAVE TWO SPEAKERS TODAY 2274 01:37:33,760 --> 01:37:37,720 AND THE FIRST IS MY COLLEAGUE, 2275 01:37:37,720 --> 01:37:38,960 Dr. NONI BYRNES WHO IS THE 2276 01:37:38,960 --> 01:37:40,360 DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR 2277 01:37:40,360 --> 01:37:43,200 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW AT THE NIH. 2278 01:37:43,200 --> 01:37:47,000 I THINK EVERYONE'S AWARE THAT 2279 01:37:47,000 --> 01:37:51,200 THE CSR DOES THE MAJORITY OF NIH 2280 01:37:51,200 --> 01:37:52,920 PEER REVIEWS OF YOUR GRANTS THAT 2281 01:37:52,920 --> 01:37:53,600 COME IN. 2282 01:37:53,600 --> 01:37:55,200 SHE LEADS THE CENTER THAT IS A 2283 01:37:55,200 --> 01:37:57,760 STAFF OF 600 SCIENTIFIC AND 2284 01:37:57,760 --> 01:38:00,360 SUPPORT AND CONTRACT PERSONNEL 2285 01:38:00,360 --> 01:38:03,120 AND OVER THE COURSE OF ALMOST 2286 01:38:03,120 --> 01:38:05,600 NOW FIVE YEARS, FOUR AND A HALF 2287 01:38:05,600 --> 01:38:09,400 YEARS THAT NONI HAS BEEN JUST A 2288 01:38:09,400 --> 01:38:12,760 TERRIFIC COLLEAGUE IN REALLY 2289 01:38:12,760 --> 01:38:14,160 IMPLEMENTING NEW WAYS OF DOING 2290 01:38:14,160 --> 01:38:15,920 THINGS AT CSR. 2291 01:38:15,920 --> 01:38:22,200 SHE HAS A BACKGROUND IN 2292 01:38:22,200 --> 01:38:26,280 CHEMISTRY AND ALSO ANALYTICAL 2293 01:38:26,280 --> 01:38:29,240 CHEMISTRY FROM EMERY AND WORKED 2294 01:38:29,240 --> 01:38:31,160 IN THE INDUSTRY BEFORE COMING TO 2295 01:38:31,160 --> 01:38:34,120 THE NIH IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 2296 01:38:34,120 --> 01:38:34,920 21st SCENERY AND SHE WORKED 2297 01:38:34,920 --> 01:38:37,640 HER WAY THROUGH A VARIETY OF 2298 01:38:37,640 --> 01:38:42,120 CONTACTS AT CSR STARTING AS A 2299 01:38:42,120 --> 01:38:44,160 REVIEW OFFICER. 2300 01:38:44,160 --> 01:38:46,040 NOW, SUPERVISING THIS ENTITY 2301 01:38:46,040 --> 01:38:48,400 THAT IS 170 STUDY SECTIONS AND 2302 01:38:48,400 --> 01:38:49,600 SHE'S BEEN VERY COMMITTED TO 2303 01:38:49,600 --> 01:38:51,880 MANY OF THE ISSUES THAT WE CARE 2304 01:38:51,880 --> 01:38:55,880 ABOUT INCLUDING FINDING AND 2305 01:38:55,880 --> 01:38:58,840 MANAGING BIAS IN PEER REVIEW AND 2306 01:38:58,840 --> 01:39:01,320 DIVERSITY IN THE WORKFORCE AND 2307 01:39:01,320 --> 01:39:03,640 DIVERSITY IN REVIEWERS AND USING 2308 01:39:03,640 --> 01:39:11,240 BOTH KWAN INDI QUALITATIVE IN TY 2309 01:39:11,240 --> 01:39:13,680 OF REVIEW IN A SPECTRUM OF 2310 01:39:13,680 --> 01:39:16,040 SCIENCE THAT IS SO BROAD IT'S 2311 01:39:16,040 --> 01:39:16,720 HARD TO FATHOM. 2312 01:39:16,720 --> 01:39:18,520 IT'S BEEN REALLY A PRIVILEGE TO 2313 01:39:18,520 --> 01:39:20,320 WORK WITH HER AND SIT WITH HER 2314 01:39:20,320 --> 01:39:24,080 ON COMMITTEES AND SO NONI, THE 2315 01:39:24,080 --> 01:39:27,160 FLOOR IS YOURS. 2316 01:39:27,160 --> 01:39:29,040 >> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH, AND 2317 01:39:29,040 --> 01:39:32,800 THANK YOU TO AND MONICA AND PAUL 2318 01:39:32,800 --> 01:39:36,240 FOR THE INVITATION AND 2319 01:39:36,240 --> 01:39:37,680 OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE WITH YOU 2320 01:39:37,680 --> 01:39:39,680 SOME OF CSR'S INITIATIVES. 2321 01:39:39,680 --> 01:39:43,680 LET'S ME ASK IF YOU CAN SEE THE 2322 01:39:43,680 --> 01:39:44,720 SLIDES. 2323 01:39:44,720 --> 01:39:48,200 PERFECT. 2324 01:39:48,200 --> 01:39:48,480 EXCELLENT. 2325 01:39:48,480 --> 01:39:49,840 THIS IS EXCITING. 2326 01:39:49,840 --> 01:39:51,880 MORE THAN ANY OTHER INSTITUTE OR 2327 01:39:51,880 --> 01:39:53,440 CENTER, THIS INSTITUTE I THINK 2328 01:39:53,440 --> 01:40:00,880 WILL HAVE THE MOST INTEREST WE 2329 01:40:00,880 --> 01:40:02,320 COVER APPLICATIONS FROM ALL 2330 01:40:02,320 --> 01:40:03,600 INSTITUTES BUT THIS SUBJECT 2331 01:40:03,600 --> 01:40:06,800 MATTER IS ESPECIALLY RELEVANT 2332 01:40:06,800 --> 01:40:07,400 FOR NIMHD. 2333 01:40:07,400 --> 01:40:10,600 THANK YOU FOR THE INVITATION, 2334 01:40:10,600 --> 01:40:16,120 I'M HAPPY TO BE HERE. 2335 01:40:16,120 --> 01:40:17,680 I WANT TO LAY THE BACKGROUND 2336 01:40:17,680 --> 01:40:20,240 WHERE PEER REVIEW FITS INTO THE 2337 01:40:20,240 --> 01:40:22,240 NIH ENTERPRISE AND WHAT SCOPES 2338 01:40:22,240 --> 01:40:26,360 CSR HAS IN THIS DOMAIN. 2339 01:40:26,360 --> 01:40:28,640 NIH HAS A TWO-STAGE PEER REVIEW 2340 01:40:28,640 --> 01:40:29,040 SYSTEM. 2341 01:40:29,040 --> 01:40:30,560 OF YOU KNOW THIS ALREADY BUT 2342 01:40:30,560 --> 01:40:32,080 IT'S GOOD TO REITERATE THAT. 2343 01:40:32,080 --> 01:40:34,680 THE FIRST LEVEL OF REVIEW IS THE 2344 01:40:34,680 --> 01:40:36,920 EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC MERIT 2345 01:40:36,920 --> 01:40:38,000 AND ABOUT THREE QUARTERS OF THAT 2346 01:40:38,000 --> 01:40:43,200 IS DONE AT CSR AND THE REMAINING 2347 01:40:43,200 --> 01:40:47,120 QUARTER WITHIN THE FUNDING 2348 01:40:47,120 --> 01:40:48,760 INSTITUTES AND CENTER AND WHAT 2349 01:40:48,760 --> 01:40:49,960 IS US USUALLY DONE IS THINGS 2350 01:40:49,960 --> 01:40:53,880 SPECIFIC TO THAT INSTITUTES 2351 01:40:53,880 --> 01:40:55,880 PRIORITIES AND THE SECOND LEVEL 2352 01:40:55,880 --> 01:41:00,080 OF REVIEW IS INSTITUTE CENTERS 2353 01:41:00,080 --> 01:41:02,520 ADVISORY COUNCIL THAT TAKES INTO 2354 01:41:02,520 --> 01:41:04,960 QUESTION THE SCIENTIFIC MERIT 2355 01:41:04,960 --> 01:41:06,240 AND PROGRAM PRIORITIES AND 2356 01:41:06,240 --> 01:41:07,480 CONSIDERATIONS AND MAKES THE 2357 01:41:07,480 --> 01:41:08,680 RECOMMENDATION TO THE INSTITUTE 2358 01:41:08,680 --> 01:41:13,240 DIRECTOR FOR FUNDING. 2359 01:41:13,240 --> 01:41:15,680 SO, JUST TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF 2360 01:41:15,680 --> 01:41:17,320 CSR SCOPE THAT WILL END AT THE 2361 01:41:17,320 --> 01:41:20,680 END THIS MONTH, FISCAL YEAR '22, 2362 01:41:20,680 --> 01:41:23,640 NIH RECEIVED OVER 80,000 GRANT 2363 01:41:23,640 --> 01:41:26,280 APPLICATIONS AND CSR REVIEWED 2364 01:41:26,280 --> 01:41:31,880 61,000 OF THEM THAT'S AROUND 76 2365 01:41:31,880 --> 01:41:34,320 AND THE RANGE IS SCIENCE AND 2366 01:41:34,320 --> 01:41:36,800 BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH. 2367 01:41:36,800 --> 01:41:40,160 WE DO A VAST MAJORITY OF THE RO1 2368 01:41:40,160 --> 01:41:45,040 OF THE SMALL BUSINESS AND 2369 01:41:45,040 --> 01:41:47,000 PORTFOLIO AS WELL AS THE NRSA 2370 01:41:47,000 --> 01:41:48,040 FELLOWSHIP APPLICATIONS. 2371 01:41:48,040 --> 01:41:49,960 IN ADDITION TO THAT, WE DO THESE 2372 01:41:49,960 --> 01:41:52,240 IN STANDING OR RECURRING PANELS 2373 01:41:52,240 --> 01:41:53,640 AND WE HAVE OVER 200 STANDING 2374 01:41:53,640 --> 01:41:55,960 AND RECURRING PANELS THAT MEET 2375 01:41:55,960 --> 01:41:58,760 THREE TIMES A YEAR, AND WE OF 2376 01:41:58,760 --> 01:42:01,200 COURSE DON'T DO THIS IN 2377 01:42:01,200 --> 01:42:03,000 ISOLATION WE INTERACT WITH 2378 01:42:03,000 --> 01:42:05,960 19,000 REVIEWERS WHO HELP US AS 2379 01:42:05,960 --> 01:42:08,480 VOLUNTEERS AND CARRY OUT OUR 2380 01:42:08,480 --> 01:42:11,560 MISSION AND OVER 1200 MEETINGS. 2381 01:42:11,560 --> 01:42:13,280 INTERESTINGLY, A MAJORITY OF 2382 01:42:13,280 --> 01:42:14,960 THESE -- IT'S ABOUT 600 OR SO 2383 01:42:14,960 --> 01:42:16,120 MEETINGS ARE THOSE OF STANDING 2384 01:42:16,120 --> 01:42:19,480 PANELS AND THE REMAINING ARE 2385 01:42:19,480 --> 01:42:20,680 MEETINGS THAT ARE SPECIAL 2386 01:42:20,680 --> 01:42:21,720 EMPHASIS PANELS. 2387 01:42:21,720 --> 01:42:27,640 I'LL TALK A BIT ABOUT THAT. 2388 01:42:27,640 --> 01:42:30,480 IN ADDITION TO OUR CHARTER 2389 01:42:30,480 --> 01:42:31,880 STANDING STUDY SECTIONS, WE 2390 01:42:31,880 --> 01:42:34,120 HANDLE A LARGE NUMBER OF 2391 01:42:34,120 --> 01:42:36,960 INITIATIVES IN SPECIAL PANELS 2392 01:42:36,960 --> 01:42:38,600 MOSTLY THINGS THAT ARE TRANS NIH 2393 01:42:38,600 --> 01:42:41,640 OR HIGH-PROFILE AND INVOLVE MORE 2394 01:42:41,640 --> 01:42:42,960 THAN ONE INSTITUTE SO THIS IS 2395 01:42:42,960 --> 01:42:45,720 JUST A RANDOM SAMPLING OF SOME 2396 01:42:45,720 --> 01:42:47,360 OF THE SPECIAL INITIATIVES WE'VE 2397 01:42:47,360 --> 01:42:50,880 HANDLED OVER THE LAST FISCAL 2398 01:42:50,880 --> 01:42:51,360 YEAR. 2399 01:42:51,360 --> 01:42:52,800 SO, I THOUGHT WHAT I WOULD DO 2400 01:42:52,800 --> 01:42:55,200 BEFORE I TALK ABOUT CSR'S 2401 01:42:55,200 --> 01:42:57,440 INITIATIVE IS WALK US THROUGH 2402 01:42:57,440 --> 01:42:59,440 THE LITERATURE JUST BRIEFLY WALK 2403 01:42:59,440 --> 01:43:01,840 THROUGH THE LITERATURE ON BIAS 2404 01:43:01,840 --> 01:43:03,280 AND PEER REVIEW SO THERE'S A 2405 01:43:03,280 --> 01:43:04,920 KIND OF A RICH HISTORY OF 2406 01:43:04,920 --> 01:43:06,480 LITERATURE, SOME OF IT IS VERY 2407 01:43:06,480 --> 01:43:10,320 GOOD AND VERY WELL POWERED, 2408 01:43:10,320 --> 01:43:11,440 RIGOROUS STUDIES AND OTHERS ARE 2409 01:43:11,440 --> 01:43:12,320 NOT SO MUCH. 2410 01:43:12,320 --> 01:43:20,040 LET ME WALK YOU THROUGH STARTING 2411 01:43:20,040 --> 01:43:22,160 WITH GINTHER. 2412 01:43:22,160 --> 01:43:25,320 THIS WAS A STRONG PAPER, WELL 2413 01:43:25,320 --> 01:43:27,240 POWERED, 83,000RO1s OVER A 2414 01:43:27,240 --> 01:43:28,800 PERIOD OF SIX YEARS AND OF 2415 01:43:28,800 --> 01:43:30,200 COURSE, THIS ONE WAS THE ONE 2416 01:43:30,200 --> 01:43:34,200 WHERE THE FUNDING GAP BETWEEN 2417 01:43:34,200 --> 01:43:35,240 BLACK AFRICAN AMERICANS P.I.s 2418 01:43:35,240 --> 01:43:37,360 AND WHITE P.I.s WAS FIRST 2419 01:43:37,360 --> 01:43:38,800 INDICATED AT 13 PERCENTAGE 2420 01:43:38,800 --> 01:43:40,680 POINTS WHICH WAS VERY 2421 01:43:40,680 --> 01:43:41,680 DISTURBING. 2422 01:43:41,680 --> 01:43:42,960 FOLLOWING -- SO THIS PAPER GOT, 2423 01:43:42,960 --> 01:43:44,960 I'M SURE YOU'VE HEARD OF IT AND 2424 01:43:44,960 --> 01:43:46,640 TALKED ABOUT IT. 2425 01:43:46,640 --> 01:43:49,320 FOLLOWING THIS PAPER, BEGIN THEY 2426 01:43:49,320 --> 01:43:55,960 ARE HAD A NUMBER OF OTHER 2427 01:43:55,960 --> 01:43:57,400 PAPERS. 2428 01:43:57,400 --> 01:43:59,520 SHE FOUND BLACK P.I.s WERE 2429 01:43:59,520 --> 01:44:01,600 LESS LIKELY TO BE FUNDED BUT THE 2430 01:44:01,600 --> 01:44:05,440 GAP BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES AT 2431 01:44:05,440 --> 01:44:07,000 MEDICINE SCHOOLS WAS NARROWER 2432 01:44:07,000 --> 01:44:09,560 THAN THAT OF NON MED SCHOOLS. 2433 01:44:09,560 --> 01:44:11,000 IN 2016, SHE EXTENDED HER 2434 01:44:11,000 --> 01:44:14,320 ANALYSIS TO LOOK AT GENDER AND 2435 01:44:14,320 --> 01:44:15,280 FOUND THAT BLACK FEMALE PH.DES 2436 01:44:15,280 --> 01:44:17,960 WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN 2437 01:44:17,960 --> 01:44:19,040 BLACKMAIL PH.DES. 2438 01:44:19,040 --> 01:44:22,360 BUT BLACK FEMALE MDs WERE LESS 2439 01:44:22,360 --> 01:44:25,200 SUCCESSFUL THAN BLACK MALE 2440 01:44:25,200 --> 01:44:25,360 MDs. 2441 01:44:25,360 --> 01:44:27,120 THIS IS A ONE-SENTENCE RECAP OF 2442 01:44:27,120 --> 01:44:28,400 THE MAIN FINDING OF THE PAPER 2443 01:44:28,400 --> 01:44:30,000 BUT THERE'S A LOT MORE IN THERE. 2444 01:44:30,000 --> 01:44:32,000 IN 2018, SHE LOOKED AT BIO 2445 01:44:32,000 --> 01:44:36,160 SKETCHES AND BIB LEO METRICS AND 2446 01:44:36,160 --> 01:44:37,960 FOUND THAT THEY WOULD EXPLAIN 2447 01:44:37,960 --> 01:44:39,800 ABOUT HALF OF THIS BLACK AND 2448 01:44:39,800 --> 01:44:47,360 WHITE FUNDING. 2449 01:44:47,360 --> 01:44:51,440 SHE WAS MUCH MORE CIRCUMSPECT. 2450 01:44:51,440 --> 01:44:53,080 SHE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT REVIEWERS 2451 01:44:53,080 --> 01:44:55,960 DON'T HAVE ACCESS TO SEE THE 2452 01:44:55,960 --> 01:44:57,360 APPLICANT'S RACE AND THERE 2453 01:44:57,360 --> 01:44:59,240 HASN'T BEEN A DIRECT EVIDENCE OF 2454 01:44:59,240 --> 01:45:01,720 IMPLICIT BIAS IN PEER REVIEW 2455 01:45:01,720 --> 01:45:03,520 BASED ON RACE AND IT HASN'T BEEN 2456 01:45:03,520 --> 01:45:06,680 DODOCUMENTED. 2457 01:45:06,680 --> 01:45:08,200 IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE ABOUT 2458 01:45:08,200 --> 01:45:10,080 IT, SHE HAS A NICE PERSPECTIVE 2459 01:45:10,080 --> 01:45:12,000 IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 2460 01:45:12,000 --> 01:45:14,560 THAT WAS PUBLISHED IN THE END OF 2461 01:45:14,560 --> 01:45:16,680 2021 CALLED REFLECTIONS ON RACE 2462 01:45:16,680 --> 01:45:18,080 ETHNICITY AND NIH RESEARCH 2463 01:45:18,080 --> 01:45:19,760 AWARDS WHERE SHE WALKS US 2464 01:45:19,760 --> 01:45:21,200 THROUGH HER PAPERS AS WELL AS 2465 01:45:21,200 --> 01:45:24,840 OTHER RELEVANT PAPERS IN THE 2466 01:45:24,840 --> 01:45:25,240 FIELD. 2467 01:45:25,240 --> 01:45:27,200 COUPLE OTHER RECENT PAPERS THAT 2468 01:45:27,200 --> 01:45:29,640 GETS CITED BUT YOU KNOW, THERE 2469 01:45:29,640 --> 01:45:31,760 WERE QUESTIONS RELATED TO ITS 2470 01:45:31,760 --> 01:45:34,720 DESIGN AND SUCH AND ALSO THE 2471 01:45:34,720 --> 01:45:37,600 FINDINGS, SO THE 2019 YOU MAY 2472 01:45:37,600 --> 01:45:40,560 REMEMBER THIS STUDY, THIS ONLY 2473 01:45:40,560 --> 01:45:43,760 HAD 48 NIH ROO1s THAT CREATED 2474 01:45:43,760 --> 01:45:44,680 FOUR INVESTIGATIONS AND THEY 2475 01:45:44,680 --> 01:45:46,080 CHANGED NAMES. 2476 01:45:46,080 --> 01:45:48,000 IT WASN'T VERY WELL DESIGNED. 2477 01:45:48,000 --> 01:45:49,240 THE BOTTOM LINE WAS THEY 2478 01:45:49,240 --> 01:45:51,120 CONDUCTED FOUR VERSIONS OF THE 2479 01:45:51,120 --> 01:45:52,880 REVIEW, SIMULATED NIH REVIEW AND 2480 01:45:52,880 --> 01:45:55,720 DIDN'T FIND EVIDENCE OF WHAT 2481 01:45:55,720 --> 01:45:57,320 MALE ADVANTAGE. 2482 01:45:57,320 --> 01:46:03,320 AGAIN, NOT A STRONG PAPER. 2483 01:46:03,320 --> 01:46:05,760 THERE'S EROSHEVA. 2484 01:46:05,760 --> 01:46:07,480 SO FIRST OF ALL, THE THING THAT 2485 01:46:07,480 --> 01:46:10,640 GETS CITED FROM EROSHEVA IS THE 2486 01:46:10,640 --> 01:46:12,280 FUNDING GAP EXISTS, THE ONE 2487 01:46:12,280 --> 01:46:16,000 THERE IN 2011 IS STILL THERE IN 2488 01:46:16,000 --> 01:46:16,360 2014. 2489 01:46:16,360 --> 01:46:17,320 THAT'S WHAT GETS CITED. 2490 01:46:17,320 --> 01:46:22,800 THE PRIMARY QUESTION IN THE 2491 01:46:22,800 --> 01:46:24,480 PAPER WAS WHETHER THERE WAS 2492 01:46:24,480 --> 01:46:25,160 COMMENCE RACE BIAS. 2493 01:46:25,160 --> 01:46:26,600 HOW DO THE FORCE COME TOGETHER 2494 01:46:26,600 --> 01:46:28,880 TO FORM OVER ALL IMPACTS SCORES 2495 01:46:28,880 --> 01:46:29,920 IF THERE'S ANY DIFFERENCE BASED 2496 01:46:29,920 --> 01:46:31,440 ON THE RACE OF THE P.I. 2497 01:46:31,440 --> 01:46:33,120 SO THE ANSWER THERE TO THAT 2498 01:46:33,120 --> 01:46:39,160 PRIMARY QUESTION WAS NO. 2499 01:46:39,160 --> 01:46:42,040 WITHIN NIH, YOU HAVE SEEN THIS, 2500 01:46:42,040 --> 01:46:43,920 ESPECIALLY IN THIS INSTITUTE 2501 01:46:43,920 --> 01:46:47,080 WHERE THERE WAS THE PAPER HIGHLY 2502 01:46:47,080 --> 01:46:51,760 CITED PAPER BY HOFF, AN INTERNAL 2503 01:46:51,760 --> 01:46:54,240 NIH ANALYSIS IT'S BASED ON THE 2504 01:46:54,240 --> 01:46:55,720 CONTRIBUTION OF TOPIC CHOICE TO 2505 01:46:55,720 --> 01:46:59,720 THE FUNDING GAPS AT NIH. 2506 01:46:59,720 --> 01:47:02,040 AND BASICALLY THEY SAID THAT YOU 2507 01:47:02,040 --> 01:47:04,040 KNOW, THEY SAID THAT ALL THREE 2508 01:47:04,040 --> 01:47:05,960 OF THE FACTORS THAT UNDER LIE 2509 01:47:05,960 --> 01:47:08,920 THE FUNDING GAP THAT GO INTO 2510 01:47:08,920 --> 01:47:11,080 THOSE FACTORS REVOLVE AROUND 2511 01:47:11,080 --> 01:47:12,560 DECISIONS MADE BY REVIEWERS SO 2512 01:47:12,560 --> 01:47:14,720 IT'S REALLY INDICATING A 2513 01:47:14,720 --> 01:47:21,800 REVIEWER BIAS BASED ON TOPICS. 2514 01:47:21,800 --> 01:47:23,280 WE LOOKED AT THIS CAREFULLY. 2515 01:47:23,280 --> 01:47:26,520 FIRST OF ALL, THEY HAD ABOUT 100 2516 01:47:26,520 --> 01:47:28,640 PLUS, 150 PLUS CLUSTERS BY 2517 01:47:28,640 --> 01:47:28,880 TOPIC. 2518 01:47:28,880 --> 01:47:32,280 AND THE AWARD RATES WERE IN DEED 2519 01:47:32,280 --> 01:47:34,200 DIFFERENT FOUR FOLD ACROSS TOPIC 2520 01:47:34,200 --> 01:47:34,480 CLUSTERS. 2521 01:47:34,480 --> 01:47:36,240 SO AN EXAMPLE HERE IS, YOU KNOW, 2522 01:47:36,240 --> 01:47:37,680 WE LOOKED AT ONE OF THE REALLY 2523 01:47:37,680 --> 01:47:39,720 LOW AWARD RATE CLUSTERS AND IT 2524 01:47:39,720 --> 01:47:43,360 HAD THESE KINDS OF TOPICS. 2525 01:47:43,360 --> 01:47:46,880 CHILDHOOD OBESITY, WEIGHT LOSS, 2526 01:47:46,880 --> 01:47:48,400 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND OTHER 2527 01:47:48,400 --> 01:47:48,640 AREAS. 2528 01:47:48,640 --> 01:47:51,600 ANOTHER ONE THAT WAS VERY HIGH 2529 01:47:51,600 --> 01:47:53,840 AWARD RATE, INCLUDED TOPICS SUCH 2530 01:47:53,840 --> 01:47:56,960 AS CORNEAL WOUND HEALING, CAT A 2531 01:47:56,960 --> 01:47:58,320 RACK DEVELOPMENT AND MORE OCULAR 2532 01:47:58,320 --> 01:48:01,400 TOPICS AND SOME ARE VERY BASIC 2533 01:48:01,400 --> 01:48:02,320 SCIENCE TOPICS. 2534 01:48:02,320 --> 01:48:04,720 WHAT WAS PUZZLING TO US WAS THE 2535 01:48:04,720 --> 01:48:06,960 SCIENCE THAT WAS IN THE LOW 2536 01:48:06,960 --> 01:48:08,880 AWARD GRADE AND THE HIGH AWARD 2537 01:48:08,880 --> 01:48:13,520 GRADE CLUSTERS, WAS QUITE 2538 01:48:13,520 --> 01:48:14,920 DISPARENT AND IT WASN'T REVIEWED 2539 01:48:14,920 --> 01:48:17,040 BY CLOSELY RELATED TO THE SAME 2540 01:48:17,040 --> 01:48:18,560 STUDY SECTIONS. 2541 01:48:18,560 --> 01:48:20,000 IT WAS PUZZLING IT WAS 2542 01:48:20,000 --> 01:48:22,600 ATTRIBUTED TO REVIEWER BIAS, THE 2543 01:48:22,600 --> 01:48:23,440 DIFFERENTIAL AWARD RATES. 2544 01:48:23,440 --> 01:48:25,720 THEY HAD A LOT OF OTHER 2545 01:48:25,720 --> 01:48:27,000 VARIABLES AS WELL. 2546 01:48:27,000 --> 01:48:32,200 AND IN 2021 THE OFFICE OF EXTRA 2547 01:48:32,200 --> 01:48:36,960 MEASURE ALL AND UNDERTOOK 2548 01:48:36,960 --> 01:48:44,760 REANALYSIS AND AND ADDED IN A 2549 01:48:44,760 --> 01:48:45,920 PRETTY SIGNIFICANT VARIABLE 2550 01:48:45,920 --> 01:48:49,040 WHICH IS THE INDIVIDUAL NIH/I.C. 2551 01:48:49,040 --> 01:48:51,760 AWARD RATE NOT IN THE HOFF 2552 01:48:51,760 --> 01:48:52,080 PAPER. 2553 01:48:52,080 --> 01:48:53,760 AND YOU KNOW, WHEN YOU THINK OF 2554 01:48:53,760 --> 01:48:56,480 NIH IT'S NOT A MONOLITH OR A 2555 01:48:56,480 --> 01:48:57,800 SINGLE AWARD RATE, IT'S 24 2556 01:48:57,800 --> 01:49:01,440 DIFFERENT FUNDING INSTITUTES 2557 01:49:01,440 --> 01:49:03,600 THAT HAVE THEIR OWN LEVEL OF A 2558 01:49:03,600 --> 01:49:05,720 APPROPRIATION, THEIR PRIORITIES 2559 01:49:05,720 --> 01:49:08,760 AND IT'S DIFFERENT IN EVERY 2560 01:49:08,760 --> 01:49:09,040 INSTITUTE. 2561 01:49:09,040 --> 01:49:10,880 AND THEY DID THEIR ANALYSIS A 2562 01:49:10,880 --> 01:49:12,320 LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY BUT WHAT 2563 01:49:12,320 --> 01:49:14,960 THEY ALSO DID WAS PUT CLUSTERS 2564 01:49:14,960 --> 01:49:16,320 TOGETHER AND LOOKED AT SORT OF 2565 01:49:16,320 --> 01:49:19,720 THE PREPORTIONS OF APPLICATIONS 2566 01:49:19,720 --> 01:49:23,440 THAT WERE ON TOPICS THAT MORE 2567 01:49:23,440 --> 01:49:25,240 AFRICAN AMERICANS APPLIED TO, 2568 01:49:25,240 --> 01:49:25,560 RIGHT. 2569 01:49:25,560 --> 01:49:27,160 THEY CALLED THOSE AFRICAN 2570 01:49:27,160 --> 01:49:28,200 AMERICAN PREFERRED TOPICS AND 2571 01:49:28,200 --> 01:49:30,920 THEY DID AN ANALYSIS BY I.C. 2572 01:49:30,920 --> 01:49:33,880 AWARD RATE AND SO INTERESTINGLY, 2573 01:49:33,880 --> 01:49:36,440 YOU KNOW, THE INSTITUTE THAT HAD 2574 01:49:36,440 --> 01:49:38,000 ONE OF THE HIGHEST AWARD RATES 2575 01:49:38,000 --> 01:49:39,520 WAS THE EYE INSTITUTE, DO YOU 2576 01:49:39,520 --> 01:49:42,920 REMEMBER THE OCULAR, THE HIGH 2577 01:49:42,920 --> 01:49:45,880 CLUSTER INCLUDED A LOT OF OCULAR 2578 01:49:45,880 --> 01:49:46,120 SIGNS. 2579 01:49:46,120 --> 01:49:47,200 THAT ALSO HAPPENS TO BE THE 2580 01:49:47,200 --> 01:49:48,720 INSTITUTE WITH THE LOWEST 2581 01:49:48,720 --> 01:49:49,880 PREPORTION, ONE OF THE LOWEST 2582 01:49:49,880 --> 01:49:53,120 PREPORTION OF APPLICATIONS FROM 2583 01:49:53,120 --> 01:49:54,960 AFRICAN AMERICAN SCIENTISTS. 2584 01:49:54,960 --> 01:49:56,520 ALTERNATIVELY HERE IS NIMHD, 2585 01:49:56,520 --> 01:49:58,440 WHICH HAS ONE OF THE LOWEST 2586 01:49:58,440 --> 01:50:00,440 AWARD RATES AND THE HIGHEST 2587 01:50:00,440 --> 01:50:02,560 PREPORTION OF APPLICATIONS, FROM 2588 01:50:02,560 --> 01:50:04,680 AFRICAN AMERICANS, ON TOPICS 2589 01:50:04,680 --> 01:50:09,800 PREFERRED BY AFRICAN AMERICANS, 2590 01:50:09,800 --> 01:50:18,280 AND I WOULD READ THAT PAPER AND 2591 01:50:18,280 --> 01:50:19,280 SINCE THAT WAS THE CONTENTION OF 2592 01:50:19,280 --> 01:50:19,960 THE FIRST PAPER. 2593 01:50:19,960 --> 01:50:23,640 IF YOU LOOK AT ICs THAT HAVE 2594 01:50:23,640 --> 01:50:25,840 HIGHER AFRICAN AMERICAN TOPICS 2595 01:50:25,840 --> 01:50:27,520 VERSUS OTHER ICs, THE DISCUSS 2596 01:50:27,520 --> 01:50:34,640 RATE IN REVIEW IS VERY SIMILAR. 2597 01:50:34,640 --> 01:50:37,000 WHERE THE DISPARITY COMES IN IS 2598 01:50:37,000 --> 01:50:40,200 IN FUNDING WHICH SPEAKS TO THE 2599 01:50:40,200 --> 01:50:41,840 INDIVIDUAL IC AWARD RATES. 2600 01:50:41,840 --> 01:50:52,080 SO THIS CONCLUSION OF THIS PAPER 2601 01:50:52,080 --> 01:50:54,120 WITH LOWER AWARD RATES AND NOT 2602 01:50:54,120 --> 01:50:56,080 TO PEER REVIEW PREFERENCES AND 2603 01:50:56,080 --> 01:51:02,000 IT'S PUBLISHED LAST YEAR. 2604 01:51:02,000 --> 01:51:07,440 CSR HAS HAD AN ON GOING A NON 2605 01:51:07,440 --> 01:51:09,240 HIGHIZATION STUDY STARTED IN 2606 01:51:09,240 --> 01:51:11,800 2014 AND 2015 BUT JUST PUBLISHED 2607 01:51:11,800 --> 01:51:14,760 LAST YEAR AND THE DESIGN WAS 2608 01:51:14,760 --> 01:51:18,560 THAT WE HAD 1200 APPLICATION AND 2609 01:51:18,560 --> 01:51:21,640 400 FROM BLACK BLACK PIs AND 2610 01:51:21,640 --> 01:51:23,320 400 FROM WHITE PIs WITH THE 2611 01:51:23,320 --> 01:51:25,200 BLACK AND 400 FROM RANDOMLY 2612 01:51:25,200 --> 01:51:27,160 SELECTED WHITE P.I.s. 2613 01:51:27,160 --> 01:51:29,080 THESE APPLICATIONS WERE REDACTED 2614 01:51:29,080 --> 01:51:31,120 WITH IDENTIFIERS SO THE NAMES 2615 01:51:31,120 --> 01:51:32,680 AND ANYTHING THAT IDENTIFIED THE 2616 01:51:32,680 --> 01:51:37,040 P.I. OR THE INSTITUTION WAS 2617 01:51:37,040 --> 01:51:37,560 REDACTED. 2618 01:51:37,560 --> 01:51:38,960 IT UNDERWENT SIMULATED PEER 2619 01:51:38,960 --> 01:51:46,840 REVIEW AND DONE BY AN EXTERNAL 2620 01:51:46,840 --> 01:51:47,160 CONTRACTOR. 2621 01:51:47,160 --> 01:51:51,680 THE MAIN PEER, THE SINGLE 2622 01:51:51,680 --> 01:51:55,080 VARIABLE AGAINST BLACKS OR 2623 01:51:55,080 --> 01:51:56,040 AFRICAN AMERICANS THAT IT WOULD 2624 01:51:56,040 --> 01:51:57,760 IMPROVE THE SCORES OF BLACK 2625 01:51:57,760 --> 01:51:59,480 P.I.s AND THE RESULTS DIDN'T 2626 01:51:59,480 --> 01:51:59,720 SHOW THAT. 2627 01:51:59,720 --> 01:52:05,040 THE REDACTION DID NOT EFFECT THE 2628 01:52:05,040 --> 01:52:06,920 SCORES OF BLACK P.I.s AND IT 2629 01:52:06,920 --> 01:52:08,920 MADE THE SCORES OF WHITE P.I.s 2630 01:52:08,920 --> 01:52:10,960 SO TAKING AWAY THE IDENTIFIERS 2631 01:52:10,960 --> 01:52:13,680 WORSE END THE SCORES OF WHITE 2632 01:52:13,680 --> 01:52:14,000 P.I.s. 2633 01:52:14,000 --> 01:52:17,200 IT'S SMALL BUT SIGNIFICANT. 2634 01:52:17,200 --> 01:52:20,000 AND AROUND 20 PLUS PER OF THE 2635 01:52:20,000 --> 01:52:25,040 TIME, THE REVIEWERS AND 2636 01:52:25,040 --> 01:52:28,640 ACCURATELY AND IT SPEAKS TO THE 2637 01:52:28,640 --> 01:52:30,440 DIFFICULTY OF DEIDENTIFY SCIENCE 2638 01:52:30,440 --> 01:52:31,680 AND THESE ARE NETWORKS AND 2639 01:52:31,680 --> 01:52:33,040 PEOPLE KNOW EXACTLY WHO IS 2640 01:52:33,040 --> 01:52:34,800 WORKING ON WHAT PROJECTS SO IT'S 2641 01:52:34,800 --> 01:52:40,160 HARD TO REMOVE IDENTIFIERS 2642 01:52:40,160 --> 01:52:40,520 SUCCESSFULLY. 2643 01:52:40,520 --> 01:52:42,080 SO DOES THIS MEAN WELL THERE'S 2644 01:52:42,080 --> 01:52:44,680 NO BIAS WE SHOULD MOVE ON AND 2645 01:52:44,680 --> 01:52:48,120 NOT AT ALL. 2646 01:52:48,120 --> 01:52:51,480 YOU CAN'T ISOLATE RACE AS A 2647 01:52:51,480 --> 01:52:55,640 SINGLE VARIABLE AND ONE OF THE 2648 01:52:55,640 --> 01:52:58,160 THINGS WE NOTICED WITH THE WHITE 2649 01:52:58,160 --> 01:52:59,000 P.I.s, BENEFITING FROM BEING 2650 01:52:59,000 --> 01:53:02,240 IDENTIFIED IN ESSENCE, REALLY 2651 01:53:02,240 --> 01:53:04,680 SPEAKS TO THE DIFFICULTY IN 2652 01:53:04,680 --> 01:53:06,320 DISSEN HANGELLING RACE FROM 2653 01:53:06,320 --> 01:53:09,280 OTHER SECONDARY LINKED VARIABLES 2654 01:53:09,280 --> 01:53:12,120 FROM SUCH AS WHO HAS ACCESS TO 2655 01:53:12,120 --> 01:53:15,440 NETWORKS RACIAL DISPARITIES AND 2656 01:53:15,440 --> 01:53:18,160 ACCESS AND THE REPUTATIONAL 2657 01:53:18,160 --> 01:53:20,000 BIAS, POSITIVE REPUTATIONAL BIAS 2658 01:53:20,000 --> 01:53:22,480 THAT COMES UP OR NEGATIVE 2659 01:53:22,480 --> 01:53:23,640 INSTITUTIONAL PRESTIGE, 2660 01:53:23,640 --> 01:53:25,160 INVESTIGATIVE PEDIGREE, WHO 2661 01:53:25,160 --> 01:53:26,880 TRAINED WHO AND THE REDACTION 2662 01:53:26,880 --> 01:53:29,200 MAY HAVE REMOVED THESE HALO 2663 01:53:29,200 --> 01:53:32,440 EFFECTS OR THESE REDUCES THESE 2664 01:53:32,440 --> 01:53:34,400 HALO EFFECTS AND WORSEN THE 2665 01:53:34,400 --> 01:53:36,040 SCORES OF WHITE P.I.s SO IT'S 2666 01:53:36,040 --> 01:53:37,920 A BENEFIT MORE FOR WHITE 2667 01:53:37,920 --> 01:53:38,880 P.I.s. 2668 01:53:38,880 --> 01:53:40,680 THE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT WE 2669 01:53:40,680 --> 01:53:44,280 SHOULD LOOK AT APPROACHES THAT 2670 01:53:44,280 --> 01:53:47,280 DIMINISH THE ROLE OF P.I. I DEN 2671 01:53:47,280 --> 01:53:48,120 TEE WITH THE INVESTIGATOR AS 2672 01:53:48,120 --> 01:53:53,000 WELL AS THE INSTITUTION. 2673 01:53:53,000 --> 01:53:56,560 AND SO WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT 2674 01:53:56,560 --> 01:53:57,800 BLINDED REVIEW PROCESSES. 2675 01:53:57,800 --> 01:54:01,280 THE MAIN ONE THAT IS ON GOING IS 2676 01:54:01,280 --> 01:54:02,920 NOT AN EXPERIMENT BUT AN ACTUAL 2677 01:54:02,920 --> 01:54:05,520 REVIEW THAT IS OCCURRING WHICH 2678 01:54:05,520 --> 01:54:07,240 IS IN COLLABORATION WITH THE 2679 01:54:07,240 --> 01:54:09,240 COMMON FUND, HIGH-RISK AND HIGH 2680 01:54:09,240 --> 01:54:10,560 REWARD PROGRAM AND THE 2681 01:54:10,560 --> 01:54:11,720 TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH ROW 2682 01:54:11,720 --> 01:54:13,440 AWARD REVIEWS ARE ON GOING AND 2683 01:54:13,440 --> 01:54:15,840 IF THIS IS ALREADY A MULTI-STAGE 2684 01:54:15,840 --> 01:54:20,160 REVIEW, EVEN WHEN IT WAS FULLY 2685 01:54:20,160 --> 01:54:21,840 OPENED, NOW WE HAVE TAKEN THIS 2686 01:54:21,840 --> 01:54:24,560 AND REMOVED IDENTIFIERS FOR TWO 2687 01:54:24,560 --> 01:54:26,120 AND A HALF UP TO THREE STAGES. 2688 01:54:26,120 --> 01:54:28,760 SO THE EDITORIAL BOARD GETS TO 2689 01:54:28,760 --> 01:54:30,800 SELECT THE TOP SUBSET OF 2690 01:54:30,800 --> 01:54:32,560 APPLICATIONS BASED ONLY ON THEIR 2691 01:54:32,560 --> 01:54:33,760 TRANSFORMATIVE NATURE AND ONLY 2692 01:54:33,760 --> 01:54:36,960 ON THE SCIENCE AND IT HAS BEEN 2693 01:54:36,960 --> 01:54:38,440 REDACTED AND THEN THE SUBJECT 2694 01:54:38,440 --> 01:54:40,160 MATTER EXPERTS GET THE TECHNICAL 2695 01:54:40,160 --> 01:54:41,920 REVIEWS AND STAGE 2 AND COMES 2696 01:54:41,920 --> 01:54:44,880 BACK TO EDITORIAL BOARD THAT 2697 01:54:44,880 --> 01:54:47,480 LOOKS AT THESE REVIEWS AND GIVES 2698 01:54:47,480 --> 01:54:48,680 PRELIMINARY SCORES AND SETS THE 2699 01:54:48,680 --> 01:54:49,600 DISCUSSION ORDER AT WHICH POINT 2700 01:54:49,600 --> 01:54:51,360 WE PROVIDE THE IDENTIFIERS AND 2701 01:54:51,360 --> 01:54:53,440 THE REASON WE NEED TO DO THAT AT 2702 01:54:53,440 --> 01:54:55,360 ALL IS BECAUSE NIH REGULATION 2703 01:54:55,360 --> 01:54:57,280 PEER REVIEW REGULATIONS REQUIRE 2704 01:54:57,280 --> 01:54:58,960 THAT ALL FIVE REVIEW CRITERIA 2705 01:54:58,960 --> 01:55:01,800 ARE CONSIDERED BUT WE HOLD THAT 2706 01:55:01,800 --> 01:55:03,440 UNTIL THE THIRD STAGE. 2707 01:55:03,440 --> 01:55:05,600 AND THEN THERE'S A STUDY SECTION 2708 01:55:05,600 --> 01:55:05,800 MEETING. 2709 01:55:05,800 --> 01:55:07,600 THIS IS ON GOING. 2710 01:55:07,600 --> 01:55:09,360 WE'VE DONE THE FIRST SET OF 2711 01:55:09,360 --> 01:55:10,640 REVIEWS LAST YEAR AND THERE'S 2712 01:55:10,640 --> 01:55:12,240 GOING TO BE A REVIEW DONE THIS 2713 01:55:12,240 --> 01:55:13,920 YEAR AND THERE'S A MULTI CYCLE 2714 01:55:13,920 --> 01:55:15,800 EVALUATION THAT THE COMMON FUND 2715 01:55:15,800 --> 01:55:17,480 IS DOING WITH AN EXTERNAL 2716 01:55:17,480 --> 01:55:18,000 CONTRACTOR. 2717 01:55:18,000 --> 01:55:20,000 BUT THE EARLY RESULTS ARE 2718 01:55:20,000 --> 01:55:21,200 PROMISING IN THAT ABOUT A 2719 01:55:21,200 --> 01:55:22,400 QUARTER OF THE RESPONDENTS SAID 2720 01:55:22,400 --> 01:55:25,120 THAT THEY APPLIED FOR 2721 01:55:25,120 --> 01:55:26,720 TRANSFORMATIVE RO1 BECAUSE THEY 2722 01:55:26,720 --> 01:55:28,480 KNEW IT WAS ANONYMIZED PROCESS 2723 01:55:28,480 --> 01:55:30,720 AND THEY THOUGHT IT WOULD HAVE 2724 01:55:30,720 --> 01:55:40,000 LESS BIAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2725 01:55:40,000 --> 01:55:40,480 PROCESS. 2726 01:55:40,480 --> 01:55:42,120 ALONG THE SAME LINES, ALTHOUGH 2727 01:55:42,120 --> 01:55:44,600 NOT BINDED REVIEW PROCESSES, BUT 2728 01:55:44,600 --> 01:55:55,080 DIMINISHING THE ROLE OF, CSR 2729 01:55:56,400 --> 01:55:57,520 ADVISORY COUNCIL HAD TWO WORKING 2730 01:55:57,520 --> 01:55:59,680 GROUPS THAT WERE LOOKING TO 2731 01:55:59,680 --> 01:56:02,520 SIMPLIFY REVIEW CRITERIA FOR NON 2732 01:56:02,520 --> 01:56:03,640 CLINICAL TRIALS AND CLINICAL 2733 01:56:03,640 --> 01:56:05,440 TRIALS AND THEIR MAJOR 2734 01:56:05,440 --> 01:56:07,200 RECOMMENDATIONS WAS TO TAKE THE 2735 01:56:07,200 --> 01:56:08,840 CURRENT FIVE SCORED REVIEW 2736 01:56:08,840 --> 01:56:10,360 CRITERIA AND RESTRUCTURE THEM 2737 01:56:10,360 --> 01:56:13,800 INTO THREE FACTORS. 2738 01:56:13,800 --> 01:56:15,080 PROPERTIANCE OF THE RESEARCH, 2739 01:56:15,080 --> 01:56:16,520 FEASIBILITY AND RIG OR AND IT 2740 01:56:16,520 --> 01:56:17,440 TOOK INVESTIGATORS AND 2741 01:56:17,440 --> 01:56:18,320 ENVIRONMENT AND SUGGESTED ADDING 2742 01:56:18,320 --> 01:56:22,440 THOSE TO A THIRD REVIEW FACTOR. 2743 01:56:22,440 --> 01:56:26,480 IT ALLOWS US TO HAVE -- EXPLORE 2744 01:56:26,480 --> 01:56:30,280 A MULTI-STAGE TRANSFORMATIVE 2745 01:56:30,280 --> 01:56:31,480 RO1-TYPE PROCESS JUST FOR 2746 01:56:31,480 --> 01:56:33,280 REGULAR RO1s AND THE OTHER 2747 01:56:33,280 --> 01:56:36,360 THING IS THIS ENTIRE PARADIGM 2748 01:56:36,360 --> 01:56:38,480 HAS BEEN FURTHER DEVELOPED BY 2749 01:56:38,480 --> 01:56:40,320 NIH LEADERSHIP AND THERE WILL BE 2750 01:56:40,320 --> 01:56:42,320 RESTRUCTURED CRITERIA BEING 2751 01:56:42,320 --> 01:56:43,800 ANNOUNCED BIT END OF THE YEAR 2752 01:56:43,800 --> 01:56:46,280 AND HOPEFULLY MAYBE EARLY NEXT 2753 01:56:46,280 --> 01:56:53,120 YEAR SO STAY TUNED FOR THAT. 2754 01:56:53,120 --> 01:56:55,240 THE MENTION OF BIAS AWARENESS 2755 01:56:55,240 --> 01:56:58,080 TRAINING IN PEER REVIEW FOR PEER 2756 01:56:58,080 --> 01:57:00,880 REVIEWERS AND FOR CHAIRS, SO WE 2757 01:57:00,880 --> 01:57:03,320 HAVE, AS I MENTIONED, WE HAVE 2758 01:57:03,320 --> 01:57:04,520 AROUND 200 CHARTERED STUDY 2759 01:57:04,520 --> 01:57:05,560 SECTIONS WITH CHAIRS OR 2760 01:57:05,560 --> 01:57:08,080 APPOINTED FOR TWO YEARS. 2761 01:57:08,080 --> 01:57:10,400 EVERY YEAR, WE HAVE ABOUT HALF 2762 01:57:10,400 --> 01:57:13,360 THOSE CHAIRS THAT CYCLE OFF AND 2763 01:57:13,360 --> 01:57:15,560 NEW CHAIRS COME IN AND WE HOLD A 2764 01:57:15,560 --> 01:57:16,760 SUMMER ORIENTATION SESSIONS 2765 01:57:16,760 --> 01:57:18,600 EIGHT TO NINE AND NINE TO 10 2766 01:57:18,600 --> 01:57:20,640 SESSION THIS IS SMALL GROUPS FOR 2767 01:57:20,640 --> 01:57:20,920 CHAIRS. 2768 01:57:20,920 --> 01:57:23,240 AND IT'S A TWO-HOUR SESSION THAT 2769 01:57:23,240 --> 01:57:25,400 FACILITATED WITH LOTS OF 2770 01:57:25,400 --> 01:57:25,680 DISCUSSION. 2771 01:57:25,680 --> 01:57:27,040 WE HAVE VERY CAREFULLY 2772 01:57:27,040 --> 01:57:29,400 INCORPORATED BIAS AWARENESS 2773 01:57:29,400 --> 01:57:30,440 TRAINING IN THIS. 2774 01:57:30,440 --> 01:57:31,800 AND ESPECIALLY TALK TO THE 2775 01:57:31,800 --> 01:57:33,520 CHAIRS ABOUT RECOGNIZING THEIR 2776 01:57:33,520 --> 01:57:36,240 INFLUENCE AND THEIR ROLE TO 2777 01:57:36,240 --> 01:57:38,360 FOSTER AN INCLUSIVE STUDY 2778 01:57:38,360 --> 01:57:41,200 SECTION CULTURE SO YOU CAN LEARN 2779 01:57:41,200 --> 01:57:44,960 MORE ABOUT THIS ON OUR WEBSITE 2780 01:57:44,960 --> 01:57:45,640 AS WELL. 2781 01:57:45,640 --> 01:57:47,400 THERE'S A SAMPLE CHAIR 2782 01:57:47,400 --> 01:57:50,440 ORIENTATION THAT'S BEEN POSTED. 2783 01:57:50,440 --> 01:57:54,040 AND THEN, CSR LAUNCHED A NEW 2784 01:57:54,040 --> 01:57:56,200 TRAINING MODULE FOR REVIEWERS ON 2785 01:57:56,200 --> 01:57:58,440 BIAS AWARENESS AND THE PEER 2786 01:57:58,440 --> 01:57:59,040 REVIEW PROCESS. 2787 01:57:59,040 --> 01:58:01,080 SO, THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO 2788 01:58:01,080 --> 01:58:03,040 KNOW ABOUT THIS IS THIS IS NOT 2789 01:58:03,040 --> 01:58:04,920 IMPLICIT BIAS TRAINING. 2790 01:58:04,920 --> 01:58:07,080 IMPLICIT BIAS TRAINING, WE 2791 01:58:07,080 --> 01:58:10,400 RECEIVED THAT AT NIH AND NIH 2792 01:58:10,400 --> 01:58:12,080 OFFERS THAT OR HAS THAT REQUIRED 2793 01:58:12,080 --> 01:58:15,600 FOR ALL OF THE EMPLOYEES AND I'M 2794 01:58:15,600 --> 01:58:17,520 ASSUMING THAT MOST INSTITUTIONS 2795 01:58:17,520 --> 01:58:18,480 AND UNIVERSITIES AT THIS POINT 2796 01:58:18,480 --> 01:58:21,440 ARE DOING THE SAME THING. 2797 01:58:21,440 --> 01:58:23,440 REVIEWERS ARE NOT OUR EMPLOYEES. 2798 01:58:23,440 --> 01:58:26,280 THEY COME IN AND WE SEE THEM FOR 2799 01:58:26,280 --> 01:58:28,280 A BRIEF PERIOD OF TIME AND WE 2800 01:58:28,280 --> 01:58:29,840 NEED TO CAPTURE THEM AND FOCUS 2801 01:58:29,840 --> 01:58:32,320 ON THE MOST COMMON BIASES THAT 2802 01:58:32,320 --> 01:58:34,680 EFFECT THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS. 2803 01:58:34,680 --> 01:58:37,440 SO THIS ONE, THIS TRAINING, IS 2804 01:58:37,440 --> 01:58:39,480 FOCUSED TOWARDS THOSE THAT 2805 01:58:39,480 --> 01:58:42,440 INCLUDES A TESTIMONIAL AND 2806 01:58:42,440 --> 01:58:44,400 INTERACTIVE EXERCISES AND A 2807 01:58:44,400 --> 01:58:47,200 NARRATED MOCK STUDY SESSION THAT 2808 01:58:47,200 --> 01:58:49,080 TELLS YOU WHAT TO DO AND HOW IT 2809 01:58:49,080 --> 01:58:50,440 COULD HAVE BEEN BETTER. 2810 01:58:50,440 --> 01:58:52,160 IT'S A 30-MINUTE TRAINING 2811 01:58:52,160 --> 01:58:53,560 DELIVERED TO REVIEWERS PRIOR TO 2812 01:58:53,560 --> 01:58:54,480 WHEN IT WAS DELIVERED PRIOR TO 2813 01:58:54,480 --> 01:58:58,560 THE FALL BUT ALSO PRIOR TO THE 2814 01:58:58,560 --> 01:59:08,680 SPRING AND THIS IS AN OLD NUMBER 2815 01:59:08,680 --> 01:59:11,760 BUT WE HAVE MORE THAN 15,000 2816 01:59:11,760 --> 01:59:14,480 REVIEWERS THAT HAS TAKEN THIS 2817 01:59:14,480 --> 01:59:14,800 TRAINER. 2818 01:59:14,800 --> 01:59:15,680 IT'S BEEN WELL RECEIVED. 2819 01:59:15,680 --> 01:59:18,760 I THINK OUR NARRATED MOCK STUDY 2820 01:59:18,760 --> 01:59:19,920 SECTION WAS FAMILIAR TO PEOPLE. 2821 01:59:19,920 --> 01:59:21,360 THAT WAS IMPORTANT FOR US IN 2822 01:59:21,360 --> 01:59:24,440 DEVELOPING THIS TRAINING TO HAVE 2823 01:59:24,440 --> 01:59:26,680 SCENARIOS THAT PEOPLE COULD 2824 01:59:26,680 --> 01:59:28,800 RECOGNIZE AND RELATE TO. 2825 01:59:28,800 --> 01:59:31,080 SO THE EARLY SURVEY RESULTS HAVE 2826 01:59:31,080 --> 01:59:32,960 INDICATED IT HAS INCREASED THE 2827 01:59:32,960 --> 01:59:34,840 ABILITY OF REVIEWERS TO SERVE AS 2828 01:59:34,840 --> 01:59:37,600 BYSTANDERS TO IDENTIFY BIAS AND 2829 01:59:37,600 --> 01:59:41,880 INCREASE THEIR COMFORT IN 2830 01:59:41,880 --> 01:59:42,320 INTERVENING. 2831 01:59:42,320 --> 01:59:43,280 YOU CAN SEE A LOT MORE ABOUT 2832 01:59:43,280 --> 01:59:44,960 THIS ON OUR WEBSITE AND I'LL 2833 01:59:44,960 --> 01:59:50,360 HAVE A LINK LATER ON. 2834 01:59:50,360 --> 01:59:52,120 SOME OF THE QUALITATIVE STUDIES 2835 01:59:52,120 --> 01:59:54,920 WE GOT FROM THE TRAINING AND 2836 01:59:54,920 --> 01:59:56,320 WE'RE HAPPY AND SATISFIED WITH 2837 01:59:56,320 --> 01:59:58,240 THE VALUE OF THE TRAINING. 2838 01:59:58,240 --> 02:00:00,800 THEY FELT EMPOWERED AND THEY'RE 2839 02:00:00,800 --> 02:00:03,160 LIKELY TO SERVE AS BYSTANDERS, 2840 02:00:03,160 --> 02:00:04,920 NOT JUST IN THE MEETING BUT IN 2841 02:00:04,920 --> 02:00:07,400 PRIOR TO THE MEETING AND READING 2842 02:00:07,400 --> 02:00:07,800 CRITIQUES. 2843 02:00:07,800 --> 02:00:08,680 THEY ASKED US THEY THOUGHT IT 2844 02:00:08,680 --> 02:00:11,320 WOULD BE IMPORTANT TO HAVE 2845 02:00:11,320 --> 02:00:13,640 EXAMPLES SPECIFIC LANGUAGE 2846 02:00:13,640 --> 02:00:15,400 REVIEWERS CAN USE WHEN QUESTION 2847 02:00:15,400 --> 02:00:17,040 OTHER REVIEWERS, THIS IS A 2848 02:00:17,040 --> 02:00:17,600 CULTURE CHANGE. 2849 02:00:17,600 --> 02:00:18,560 IT DOESN'T HAPPEN. 2850 02:00:18,560 --> 02:00:20,320 PEOPLE ARE VERY COLLEGIAL AND SO 2851 02:00:20,320 --> 02:00:22,480 IT WOULD BE GOOD TO KNOW, NOT 2852 02:00:22,480 --> 02:00:24,120 JUST HOW THEY CAN INTERVENE BUT 2853 02:00:24,120 --> 02:00:25,760 HOW THEY THEMSELVES CAN WRITE 2854 02:00:25,760 --> 02:00:27,320 NON BIAS REVIEWS AND WE WILL 2855 02:00:27,320 --> 02:00:28,520 HAVE A SECOND VERSION OF THIS 2856 02:00:28,520 --> 02:00:32,840 COMING OUT, PROBABLY NEXT YEAR 2857 02:00:32,840 --> 02:00:35,440 OR THE YEAR IN 2024. 2858 02:00:35,440 --> 02:00:36,960 AND THEN THEY TALKED ABOUT POWER 2859 02:00:36,960 --> 02:00:40,000 DYNAMICS AND THE CHALLENGES WITH 2860 02:00:40,000 --> 02:00:40,480 INTERVENTION. 2861 02:00:40,480 --> 02:00:41,920 AND YOU KNOW, HOW DIFFICULT IT 2862 02:00:41,920 --> 02:00:44,640 IS FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE JUNIOR OR 2863 02:00:44,640 --> 02:00:46,240 UNDER REPRESENTED GROUPS TO 2864 02:00:46,240 --> 02:00:48,640 SPEAK OUT AND WE ADDRESSED THAT 2865 02:00:48,640 --> 02:00:51,560 WITH OUR CHAIRS AS BECAUSE 2866 02:00:51,560 --> 02:00:53,320 CHAIRS HAVE A IMPORTANT ROLE TO 2867 02:00:53,320 --> 02:00:55,320 PLAY AS WELL AS WITH OUR SROs 2868 02:00:55,320 --> 02:01:03,000 IN TRAINING. 2869 02:01:03,000 --> 02:01:04,960 YOU CAN FIND THE FULL SURVEY 2870 02:01:04,960 --> 02:01:10,280 RESULT AND COUNCIL AND I THEY 2871 02:01:10,280 --> 02:01:13,800 TOLD US THE TIME, 30 MINUTES AND 2872 02:01:13,800 --> 02:01:16,600 AND ANYMORE THAN THAT LOOSE 2873 02:01:16,600 --> 02:01:17,600 THEIR INTEREST AND THERE ARE 2874 02:01:17,600 --> 02:01:19,440 PEOPLE THAT HAVE EXPERTISE IN 2875 02:01:19,440 --> 02:01:21,000 DEVELOPING THESE TYPES OF 2876 02:01:21,000 --> 02:01:22,040 TRAININGS AND SO I'M VERY 2877 02:01:22,040 --> 02:01:29,240 GRATEFUL TO THEM MANY . 2878 02:01:29,240 --> 02:01:30,680 TALK ABOUT BIAS REPORTING. 2879 02:01:30,680 --> 02:01:33,120 WHEN BIAS DOES OCCUR IN A STUDY 2880 02:01:33,120 --> 02:01:36,800 SECTION MEETING OR IN THE ACTUAL 2881 02:01:36,800 --> 02:01:39,240 REVIEW AGAINST THE APPLICANT, WE 2882 02:01:39,240 --> 02:01:40,560 WANTED TO HAVE A DIRECT AVENUE 2883 02:01:40,560 --> 02:01:42,680 FOR APPLICANTS OR REVIEWERS TO 2884 02:01:42,680 --> 02:01:47,040 REPORT BIAS TO US. 2885 02:01:47,040 --> 02:01:49,520 GABRIEL IS THE DIRECTOR OF 2886 02:01:49,520 --> 02:01:50,800 DIVERSITY AND WORKFORCE 2887 02:01:50,800 --> 02:01:52,600 DEVELOPMENT AT CSR, HE REPORTS 2888 02:01:52,600 --> 02:01:54,840 DIRECTLY TO ME. 2889 02:01:54,840 --> 02:01:57,440 WE HAVE HIM AVAILABLE AND HIS 2890 02:01:57,440 --> 02:02:00,720 DIRECT E-MAILS THAT PEOPLE CAN, 2891 02:02:00,720 --> 02:02:04,400 HE HAS A MALE BOX AND WE HAVE 2892 02:02:04,400 --> 02:02:06,520 PUT THIS LANGUAGE IN ALL OF OUR 2893 02:02:06,520 --> 02:02:08,160 OUTGOING E-MAILS BECAUSE WE WANT 2894 02:02:08,160 --> 02:02:09,920 TO MAKE SURE THAT THE BROADER 2895 02:02:09,920 --> 02:02:11,680 COMMUNITY HAS IT ACCESSIBLE AND 2896 02:02:11,680 --> 02:02:15,440 SO ANY TIME YOU HAVE AN SRO OR 2897 02:02:15,440 --> 02:02:17,360 ANYONE FROM CSR THEY'LL HAVE HAD 2898 02:02:17,360 --> 02:02:20,880 AT THE BOTTOM OF THEIR E-MAIL, 2899 02:02:20,880 --> 02:02:22,800 WE'VE PUT IT ON OUR WEB PAGE AND 2900 02:02:22,800 --> 02:02:24,080 THE NUMBERS OF HITS WE GET ON 2901 02:02:24,080 --> 02:02:26,240 OUR WEBSITE IS ON THE STUDY 2902 02:02:26,240 --> 02:02:27,440 SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGES AND SO 2903 02:02:27,440 --> 02:02:31,480 WE PUT IT ON THERE AS WELL. 2904 02:02:31,480 --> 02:02:35,080 WHEN WE GET THESE COMPLAINTS, 2905 02:02:35,080 --> 02:02:37,000 SOMETIMES IT'S ABOUT THE 2906 02:02:37,000 --> 02:02:38,040 APPLICATION AND SOME BIAS 2907 02:02:38,040 --> 02:02:41,320 COMMENTS BEING MADE IN THE 2908 02:02:41,320 --> 02:02:42,520 CRITIQUES, SOMETIMES IT'S 2909 02:02:42,520 --> 02:02:44,040 INTERACTIONS DURING THE STUDY 2910 02:02:44,040 --> 02:02:44,280 SECTION. 2911 02:02:44,280 --> 02:02:45,520 WE HAD LISTENING SESSIONS A 2912 02:02:45,520 --> 02:02:47,520 COUPLE OF YEARS AGO WITH THE 2913 02:02:47,520 --> 02:02:50,080 BROADER COMMUNITY AND I HEARD 2914 02:02:50,080 --> 02:02:52,760 ABOUT THE SORT OF THE HIGHER BAR 2915 02:02:52,760 --> 02:02:58,440 THAT WOMEN OR MINORITIES FACE 2916 02:02:58,440 --> 02:03:00,040 COMING TO THE REVIEW TABLE TO 2917 02:03:00,040 --> 02:03:04,360 PROVE EXPERTISE WHICH IS BOTH 2918 02:03:04,360 --> 02:03:05,440 DISTURBING AND UNACCEPTABLE. 2919 02:03:05,440 --> 02:03:06,960 THOSE ARE THE THINGS WE'RE 2920 02:03:06,960 --> 02:03:07,800 ENCOURAGING PEOPLE TO JUST 2921 02:03:07,800 --> 02:03:09,200 REPORT SO WE HAVE AN IDEA OF 2922 02:03:09,200 --> 02:03:12,480 WHERE IT'S HAPPENING AND WE CAN 2923 02:03:12,480 --> 02:03:13,200 ADDRESS IT. 2924 02:03:13,200 --> 02:03:14,720 SO, WHAT ARE WE DOING WHEN WE 2925 02:03:14,720 --> 02:03:16,360 GET A REPORT OF A BUY AS? 2926 02:03:16,360 --> 02:03:18,720 WELL, EVERY SINGLE REPORT IS 2927 02:03:18,720 --> 02:03:21,680 LOOKED AT BY GABRIEL AND CSR 2928 02:03:21,680 --> 02:03:23,680 MANAGEMENT, THE DIVISION 2929 02:03:23,680 --> 02:03:27,440 DIRECTOR OVERSEEING AND THOSE 2930 02:03:27,440 --> 02:03:29,080 REVIEWS AND THEY MAKE SORT OF AN 2931 02:03:29,080 --> 02:03:31,440 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT WAS AND IT 2932 02:03:31,440 --> 02:03:32,440 WAS A BUY AS. 2933 02:03:32,440 --> 02:03:35,120 IF WE AGREE, THAT THIS WAS 2934 02:03:35,120 --> 02:03:38,080 BIASED REVIEW, WE WOULD REREVIEW 2935 02:03:38,080 --> 02:03:40,080 THE APPLICATION IN THE SAME 2936 02:03:40,080 --> 02:03:40,920 COUNCIL ROUND WITHOUT GOING 2937 02:03:40,920 --> 02:03:43,280 THROUGH THE APPEALS PROCESS 2938 02:03:43,280 --> 02:03:44,840 BECAUSE WE MESSED UP, WE'LL FIX 2939 02:03:44,840 --> 02:03:46,880 IT AND DO IT IN THE SAME COUNCIL 2940 02:03:46,880 --> 02:03:48,200 ROUND SO IT DOES NOT EFFECT 2941 02:03:48,200 --> 02:03:49,680 FUNDING FOR THE APPLICANT. 2942 02:03:49,680 --> 02:03:51,840 IF WE DON'T AGREE, THEN WE TAKE 2943 02:03:51,840 --> 02:03:54,360 THEM, WE REFER THEM TO THE 2944 02:03:54,360 --> 02:03:56,480 PROGRAM OFFICER FOR THE NORMAL 2945 02:03:56,480 --> 02:03:57,800 COUNCIL APPEAL PROCESS WHICH IS 2946 02:03:57,800 --> 02:03:59,400 STILL OPEN TO THEM AND THEY CAN 2947 02:03:59,400 --> 02:04:00,720 DO THAT. 2948 02:04:00,720 --> 02:04:01,800 THE PART THAT I THINK IS 2949 02:04:01,800 --> 02:04:04,040 IMPORTANT IS WE LOOP BACK TO THE 2950 02:04:04,040 --> 02:04:06,640 REVIEWER, IF THE REVIEWER MADE A 2951 02:04:06,640 --> 02:04:09,240 BUY AS COMMENT IN A CRITIQUE, WE 2952 02:04:09,240 --> 02:04:13,800 CAUGHT IT AND WE REREVIEWED IT, 2953 02:04:13,800 --> 02:04:14,440 THEY WILL MAKE A PHONE CALL TO 2954 02:04:14,440 --> 02:04:16,600 THE REVIEWER AND TELL HIM OR HER 2955 02:04:16,600 --> 02:04:19,000 THIS CAUSED A REVIEW AND IT'S 2956 02:04:19,000 --> 02:04:19,840 INAPPROPRIATE AND WE'RE DOING 2957 02:04:19,840 --> 02:04:22,320 THAT TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE'S 2958 02:04:22,320 --> 02:04:23,120 CULTURE CHANGE IN THE COMMUNITY 2959 02:04:23,120 --> 02:04:24,760 AND THERE'S MORE REEDUCATION OF 2960 02:04:24,760 --> 02:04:27,560 THE REVIEWERS AND VAST MAJORITY 2961 02:04:27,560 --> 02:04:31,000 OF CASES REVIEWERS ARE VERY OPEN 2962 02:04:31,000 --> 02:04:33,000 TO ACKNOWLEDGE IT, APOLOGIZE AND 2963 02:04:33,000 --> 02:04:34,680 SAY NO I SHOULD BE MUCH MORE 2964 02:04:34,680 --> 02:04:36,000 CAREFUL AND HE WILL PAY IT 2965 02:04:36,000 --> 02:04:41,720 TENSION TO THIS AND THEY ARGUE 2966 02:04:41,720 --> 02:04:45,160 WITH US AND WE TAKE ACTIONS AS 2967 02:04:45,160 --> 02:04:45,680 NECESSARY. 2968 02:04:45,680 --> 02:04:50,040 REGARDING THEIR SERVICE. 2969 02:04:50,040 --> 02:04:51,720 AND FINALLY, I WANT TO TALK 2970 02:04:51,720 --> 02:04:53,920 ABOUT BROADENING THE REVIEWER 2971 02:04:53,920 --> 02:04:55,800 POOL AND OUR EFFORTS TO 2972 02:04:55,800 --> 02:05:00,840 DIVERSIFY REVIEW COMMITTEES. 2973 02:05:00,840 --> 02:05:02,480 SO, THE FIRST CATER IS JUST 2974 02:05:02,480 --> 02:05:05,560 EARLY CAREER REVIEWER PROGRAM. 2975 02:05:05,560 --> 02:05:07,920 WHICH HAS BEEN VERY POPULAR. 2976 02:05:07,920 --> 02:05:10,640 IT ALLOWS YOUNG INVESTIGATORS, 2977 02:05:10,640 --> 02:05:12,000 JUNIOR INVESTIGATORS A CHANCE TO 2978 02:05:12,000 --> 02:05:14,480 SEE THE STUDY SECTION PROCESS BY 2979 02:05:14,480 --> 02:05:16,000 ATTENDING A MEETING AND BEING 2980 02:05:16,000 --> 02:05:17,760 ASSIGNED TO A FIELD 2981 02:05:17,760 --> 02:05:18,440 APPLICATIONS. 2982 02:05:18,440 --> 02:05:20,080 IT'S BEEN VERY VALUABLE. 2983 02:05:20,080 --> 02:05:23,680 WE HAVE THE PROGRAM ON GOING BUT 2984 02:05:23,680 --> 02:05:27,000 THE DATABASE WAS SORT OF NOT -- 2985 02:05:27,000 --> 02:05:28,760 IT DIDN'T ALLOW US TO TRACK AND 2986 02:05:28,760 --> 02:05:30,560 THE DATA WAS NOT CAPTURED WELL 2987 02:05:30,560 --> 02:05:32,480 AND THE VETTING OF WHO GOT TO 2988 02:05:32,480 --> 02:05:33,680 SERVE AND WHO DIDN'T GET TO 2989 02:05:33,680 --> 02:05:35,400 SERVE WAS AT THAT POINT LEFT UP 2990 02:05:35,400 --> 02:05:39,200 TO THE INDIVIDUAL SROs WHO HAD 2991 02:05:39,200 --> 02:05:41,600 THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL CRITERIA 2992 02:05:41,600 --> 02:05:43,400 THAT WERE BEING APPLIED AND THE 2993 02:05:43,400 --> 02:05:46,160 300 PEOPLE, 300SROs THAT IS 2994 02:05:46,160 --> 02:05:51,960 NOT CONSISTENT. 2995 02:05:51,960 --> 02:05:53,360 SO, BASED ON ADVICE THAT LOOKED 2996 02:05:53,360 --> 02:05:56,440 AT THE ECR PROGRAM WE HAVE A 2997 02:05:56,440 --> 02:05:58,040 SINGLE VETTING COMMITTEE AND WE 2998 02:05:58,040 --> 02:06:01,760 DOUBLED THE NUMBER OF ECRs. 2999 02:06:01,760 --> 02:06:03,120 WE HAVE TWO INSTEAD OF ONE. 3000 02:06:03,120 --> 02:06:05,440 AS YOU KNOW THE ECR POOL IS MORE 3001 02:06:05,440 --> 02:06:09,560 DIVERSE AND MORE URMs VERSUS 3002 02:06:09,560 --> 02:06:14,600 ALL OTHER CSR REVIEWERS AND ALSO 3003 02:06:14,600 --> 02:06:15,960 MORE WOMEN. 3004 02:06:15,960 --> 02:06:18,480 IN ADDITION, WE'VE BEEN BUILDING 3005 02:06:18,480 --> 02:06:18,960 TOOLS. 3006 02:06:18,960 --> 02:06:23,280 SO THIS TOOL WAS LAUNCHED IN 3007 02:06:23,280 --> 02:06:24,240 LATE 2020 IN AUGUST. 3008 02:06:24,240 --> 02:06:26,000 IT'S CALLED A REVIEWER FINDER 3009 02:06:26,000 --> 02:06:26,480 TOOL. 3010 02:06:26,480 --> 02:06:29,320 SO NIH HAS A LOT OF REALLY NICE 3011 02:06:29,320 --> 02:06:31,320 DATABASEs BUT THEY'RE MOSTLY 3012 02:06:31,320 --> 02:06:32,720 POPULATED WITH PEOPLE NIH 3013 02:06:32,720 --> 02:06:34,000 INTERACTS WITH, RIGHT. 3014 02:06:34,000 --> 02:06:37,200 THE APPLICANTS AND FUNDED FOLKS. 3015 02:06:37,200 --> 02:06:39,480 WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE 3016 02:06:39,480 --> 02:06:41,200 ADDED OTHER SOURCES, OTHER 3017 02:06:41,200 --> 02:06:43,800 AGENCY FUNDING, RECOMMENDATIONS 3018 02:06:43,800 --> 02:06:45,520 THAT COME IN FROM SOCIETY. 3019 02:06:45,520 --> 02:06:47,240 WE'VE REACHED OUT TO SCIENTIFIC 3020 02:06:47,240 --> 02:06:48,520 SOCIETIES AND WE'VE HAD THEM 3021 02:06:48,520 --> 02:06:50,200 SUBMIT AND ASKED THEM TO SUBMIT 3022 02:06:50,200 --> 02:06:52,440 NAMES OF BROADER RANGE OF PEOPLE 3023 02:06:52,440 --> 02:06:54,280 WHO ARE DIVERSITY AND WE ALSO 3024 02:06:54,280 --> 02:06:57,360 HAVE A GROUP OF PIs WHO ARE 3025 02:06:57,360 --> 02:06:59,880 FUNDED BY NIH BUT NOT USED THAT 3026 02:06:59,880 --> 02:07:00,080 MUCH. 3027 02:07:00,080 --> 02:07:01,480 I DON'T KNOW WHY. 3028 02:07:01,480 --> 02:07:04,400 WE ADDED THEM TO IT AND WE HAVE 3029 02:07:04,400 --> 02:07:05,520 IC PROGRAM OFFICER 3030 02:07:05,520 --> 02:07:06,560 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT GO INTO 3031 02:07:06,560 --> 02:07:08,920 THIS DATABASE AND CAREER 3032 02:07:08,920 --> 02:07:10,560 REVIEWERS AND WE'VE ADDED THE 3033 02:07:10,560 --> 02:07:12,960 APPLICANT POOL BECAUSE IT REALLY 3034 02:07:12,960 --> 02:07:14,960 BROADENS THE POOL OF EXPERTISE. 3035 02:07:14,960 --> 02:07:18,200 AND SO IT'S A VERY SORT ABLE, 3036 02:07:18,200 --> 02:07:24,320 EASY, ONE-STOP-SHOP DATABASE FOR 3037 02:07:24,320 --> 02:07:25,760 SROs THAT HELPS WITH A BROADER 3038 02:07:25,760 --> 02:07:28,640 RANGE OF REVIEWERS. 3039 02:07:28,640 --> 02:07:30,640 WE CAN TALK ABOUT TOOLS AND WE 3040 02:07:30,640 --> 02:07:33,720 CAN TALK ABOUT THE EARLY CAREER 3041 02:07:33,720 --> 02:07:35,120 REVIEWER PROGRAM AND ALL OF THAT 3042 02:07:35,120 --> 02:07:36,640 AND ULTIMATELY THIS COMES DOWN 3043 02:07:36,640 --> 02:07:41,960 TO CULTURE CHANGE AND CSR, LIKE 3044 02:07:41,960 --> 02:07:43,640 NIH, LIKE ALL OF NIH AND LIKE 3045 02:07:43,640 --> 02:07:46,880 ALL OF THE BIOMEDICAL COMMUNITY 3046 02:07:46,880 --> 02:07:49,240 IS JUST PART OF THE BROADER 3047 02:07:49,240 --> 02:07:50,760 BIOMEDICAL ENTERPRISE AND THERE 3048 02:07:50,760 --> 02:07:54,200 ARE STRUCTURES IN PLACE AND 3049 02:07:54,200 --> 02:07:55,360 THERE'S -- IT'S IMPORTANT TO 3050 02:07:55,360 --> 02:07:56,640 CHANGE THE CULTURE INSIDE AS 3051 02:07:56,640 --> 02:07:57,080 WELL. 3052 02:07:57,080 --> 02:08:00,640 SO SOME OF THE STRATEGIES WE'VE 3053 02:08:00,640 --> 02:08:03,680 USED IS INSTEAD OF TALKING ABOUT 3054 02:08:03,680 --> 02:08:05,680 DIVERSITY, AS DIVERSITY, THAT WE 3055 02:08:05,680 --> 02:08:07,120 NEED TO HAVE THIS MANY UNDER 3056 02:08:07,120 --> 02:08:09,240 REPRESENTED MINORITIES OR THIS 3057 02:08:09,240 --> 02:08:11,840 MANY WOMEN, WE'RE REALLY 3058 02:08:11,840 --> 02:08:14,160 EMPHASIZING THROUGH MANAGEMENT, 3059 02:08:14,160 --> 02:08:16,400 THROUGH TRAINING AND FEEDBACK 3060 02:08:16,400 --> 02:08:18,720 THE REALLY IMPORTANT AND 3061 02:08:18,720 --> 02:08:20,240 CRITICAL NEEDS FOR THE NIH TO 3062 02:08:20,240 --> 02:08:21,920 HEAR DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES 3063 02:08:21,920 --> 02:08:23,040 BECAUSE OTHERWISE, WE'RE NOT 3064 02:08:23,040 --> 02:08:25,360 GOING TO BE IDENTIFIED THE MOST 3065 02:08:25,360 --> 02:08:27,240 DISRUPTIVE AND THE MOST NOVEL 3066 02:08:27,240 --> 02:08:27,800 SCIENCE. 3067 02:08:27,800 --> 02:08:30,000 SO, CHANGING THAT CONVERSATION 3068 02:08:30,000 --> 02:08:32,240 INTERNALLY HAS BEEN IMPORTANT 3069 02:08:32,240 --> 02:08:32,840 FOR US. 3070 02:08:32,840 --> 02:08:34,720 THE OTHER THING IS TO LINK AND 3071 02:08:34,720 --> 02:08:38,240 MAKE IT REALLY CLEAR TO STAFF 3072 02:08:38,240 --> 02:08:39,760 THAT ONE MEASURE OF A 3073 02:08:39,760 --> 02:08:41,520 HIGH-QUALITY REVIEW COMMITTEE IS 3074 02:08:41,520 --> 02:08:43,280 THAT IT MUST BE BROADLY DIVERSE 3075 02:08:43,280 --> 02:08:45,680 AND MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS. 3076 02:08:45,680 --> 02:08:47,920 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUNDS IN 3077 02:08:47,920 --> 02:08:48,400 PERSPECTIVE. 3078 02:08:48,400 --> 02:08:51,440 NOT PEOPLE COMING FROM THE SAME 3079 02:08:51,440 --> 02:08:55,160 SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN A FIELD. 3080 02:08:55,160 --> 02:08:56,560 TOWARDS DEMOGRAPHIC AND 3081 02:08:56,560 --> 02:08:58,720 GEOGRAPHIC ADDS A RICHNESS AND 3082 02:08:58,720 --> 02:09:00,280 DIVERSITY OF PERSPECTIVE. 3083 02:09:00,280 --> 02:09:02,280 CAREER STAGE, WE DON'T WANT ALL 3084 02:09:02,280 --> 02:09:04,400 SENIOR, IT'S NICE TO HAVE SOME 3085 02:09:04,400 --> 02:09:05,480 SENIOR FOLKS AND IT'S GOOD TO 3086 02:09:05,480 --> 02:09:08,560 HAVE MID CAREER AND JUNIOR FOLKS 3087 02:09:08,560 --> 02:09:11,160 ADVISING US AND PEER REVIEW 3088 02:09:11,160 --> 02:09:11,480 EXPERIENCE. 3089 02:09:11,480 --> 02:09:13,040 WE NEED TO BRING NEW VOICES TO 3090 02:09:13,040 --> 02:09:14,960 THE TABLE AND NOT HAVE PEOPLE 3091 02:09:14,960 --> 02:09:17,280 SERVING OVER AND OVER. 3092 02:09:17,280 --> 02:09:21,040 IN THE END, WE'RE LOOKING FOR 3093 02:09:21,040 --> 02:09:23,200 BREATH IN PEER REVIEW AND NOT 3094 02:09:23,200 --> 02:09:29,120 SORT OF AN INSULAR PERSPECTIVE 3095 02:09:29,120 --> 02:09:30,080 COMING THROUGH. 3096 02:09:30,080 --> 02:09:32,720 THE STANDING STUDY SECTION 3097 02:09:32,720 --> 02:09:34,120 MEMBERSHIP PROCESS IS PERIL. 3098 02:09:34,120 --> 02:09:36,520 THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN THROUGH IT 3099 02:09:36,520 --> 02:09:36,760 KNOW. 3100 02:09:36,760 --> 02:09:38,600 IT'S APPROVAL AND WE LOOK AT 3101 02:09:38,600 --> 02:09:40,120 DIVERSITY AND BREADTH AND ALL OF 3102 02:09:40,120 --> 02:09:41,240 THAT CAREFULLY. 3103 02:09:41,240 --> 02:09:43,440 I SIGN OFF ON EVERY MEMBER FOR 3104 02:09:43,440 --> 02:09:44,400 EVERY SLATE AND IT GOES INFORM 3105 02:09:44,400 --> 02:09:46,880 THE NIH DIRECTOR. 3106 02:09:46,880 --> 02:09:49,880 SO, THE ISSUE WE FOUND WAS 3107 02:09:49,880 --> 02:09:51,280 DIVERSITY ON SPECIAL EMPHASIS 3108 02:09:51,280 --> 02:09:51,520 PANELS. 3109 02:09:51,520 --> 02:09:57,560 THESE ARE ASSEMBLED AD HOC AND 3110 02:09:57,560 --> 02:09:59,200 SO THERE'S A CURRY. 3111 02:09:59,200 --> 02:10:00,760 THEY COME IN AND THEY HAVE TO 3112 02:10:00,760 --> 02:10:04,560 ASSEMBLE A PANEL AND WHEN YOU 3113 02:10:04,560 --> 02:10:11,080 HAVE CREDIT WHEN YOU ARE IN A 3114 02:10:11,080 --> 02:10:14,520 CRUSH THE PEOPLE AND THE TRIED 3115 02:10:14,520 --> 02:10:17,000 AND TRUE AND THE TOOLS LIKE 3116 02:10:17,000 --> 02:10:19,800 REVIEWER FINDER COME INTO PLACE. 3117 02:10:19,800 --> 02:10:20,880 AND THEY HAVE HELPED US. 3118 02:10:20,880 --> 02:10:22,880 WE'VE ALSO RAISED COLLECTIVE 3119 02:10:22,880 --> 02:10:31,240 AWARENESS OF STAFF AND TO LET 3120 02:10:31,240 --> 02:10:32,400 STAFF KNOW HOW THINGS ARE GOING 3121 02:10:32,400 --> 02:10:33,760 IN DIFFERENT PLACE AND WE'RE NOT 3122 02:10:33,760 --> 02:10:36,120 COMING DOWN HARD, WE'RE JUST, 3123 02:10:36,120 --> 02:10:38,120 WE'RE JUST RAISING AWARENESS AND 3124 02:10:38,120 --> 02:10:39,400 IT'S MADE A DIFFERENCE. 3125 02:10:39,400 --> 02:10:41,160 AND OF COURSE THE TOOLS SUCH AS 3126 02:10:41,160 --> 02:10:44,120 REVIEWER FINDER, PREVENTS PEOPLE 3127 02:10:44,120 --> 02:10:48,000 RELYING ON THEIR MENTAL ROLODEX 3128 02:10:48,000 --> 02:10:49,560 TO MUCH. 3129 02:10:49,560 --> 02:10:51,480 WE REALLY BEEFED UP SR 3130 02:10:51,480 --> 02:10:52,480 O-TRAINING. 3131 02:10:52,480 --> 02:10:53,200 SRO SHARING. 3132 02:10:53,200 --> 02:10:55,080 WE HAVE A LOT OF REALLY 3133 02:10:55,080 --> 02:10:56,280 COMMITTED, STRONG STAFF WHO 3134 02:10:56,280 --> 02:10:58,400 WOULD DO A FANTASTIC JOB IN 3135 02:10:58,400 --> 02:11:00,120 BROAD RECRUITMENT AND WE WANT TO 3136 02:11:00,120 --> 02:11:03,520 MAKE SURE THAT WE SHARE THOSE 3137 02:11:03,520 --> 02:11:04,280 BEST PRACTICES. 3138 02:11:04,280 --> 02:11:09,560 AND IT'S BEEN HAVING AN IMPACT. 3139 02:11:09,560 --> 02:11:14,440 SO THIS IS THE OF WOMEN. 3140 02:11:14,440 --> 02:11:15,520 THE GRAY LINE IS THE PERCENTAGE 3141 02:11:15,520 --> 02:11:17,400 OF WOMEN IN THE APPLICANT POOLS 3142 02:11:17,400 --> 02:11:19,760 IN CSR. 3143 02:11:19,760 --> 02:11:23,000 THE LIGHT, THIS LINE ON TOP, 43% 3144 02:11:23,000 --> 02:11:24,920 AND THE LAST, THIS IS NINE 3145 02:11:24,920 --> 02:11:26,920 ROUNDS OF DATA. 3146 02:11:26,920 --> 02:11:30,360 43% SO 33% IS WOMEN APPLICANTS 3147 02:11:30,360 --> 02:11:32,840 AND 43% IS WOMEN ON OUR STUDY 3148 02:11:32,840 --> 02:11:41,920 SECTION AS MEMBERS AND THE MOST 3149 02:11:41,920 --> 02:11:43,440 IMPORTANT CHANGE WAS THE SUMMER 3150 02:11:43,440 --> 02:11:44,840 OF 2020 WHEN WE TALKED TO STAFF 3151 02:11:44,840 --> 02:11:46,400 AND RAISED AWARENESS WHERE THE 3152 02:11:46,400 --> 02:11:48,280 NUMBER OF WOMEN ON SEX, ON 3153 02:11:48,280 --> 02:11:51,160 SPECIAL EMPHASIS PANELS WENT UP. 3154 02:11:51,160 --> 02:11:52,960 AND WE'RE GOING TO KEEP PUSHING 3155 02:11:52,960 --> 02:11:54,440 ON THAT AND I THINK OUR STAFF 3156 02:11:54,440 --> 02:11:57,240 ARE VERY COMMITTED TO DOING 3157 02:11:57,240 --> 02:11:58,120 THIS. 3158 02:11:58,120 --> 02:11:59,080 SIMILARLY, ACTUALLY A LITTLE BIT 3159 02:11:59,080 --> 02:12:00,240 MORE STARK WITH UNDER 3160 02:12:00,240 --> 02:12:02,000 REPRESENTED MINORITIES, THIS 3161 02:12:02,000 --> 02:12:03,800 GRAY LINE UNDER REPRESENTED 3162 02:12:03,800 --> 02:12:05,520 MINORITIES AMONG APPLICANTS IS 3163 02:12:05,520 --> 02:12:08,920 JUST UNDER 9% AND AT THIS POINT 3164 02:12:08,920 --> 02:12:10,320 AND WE HAVE ALWAYS EMPHASIZED 3165 02:12:10,320 --> 02:12:12,120 THE INCLUSION OF UNDER 3166 02:12:12,120 --> 02:12:13,720 REPRESENTED MINORITIES AS 3167 02:12:13,720 --> 02:12:15,360 MEMBERS AND THAT HAS BEEN 3168 02:12:15,360 --> 02:12:16,600 STEADILY GOING UP OVER THE LAST 3169 02:12:16,600 --> 02:12:19,600 COUPLE OF YEARS. 3170 02:12:19,600 --> 02:12:20,920 AGAIN, FOR SPECIAL EMPHASIZE 3171 02:12:20,920 --> 02:12:25,160 PANELS THERE'S A DEFINITE, THEY 3172 02:12:25,160 --> 02:12:28,000 WERE FALLING LOWER THAN THE BASE 3173 02:12:28,000 --> 02:12:30,040 OF APPLICANTS AND SO I THINK 3174 02:12:30,040 --> 02:12:32,640 THANKS TO THE PUSH MANY OF OUR 3175 02:12:32,640 --> 02:12:34,640 STAFF AND CONTINUED EFFORTS THAT 3176 02:12:34,640 --> 02:12:36,240 IS START TO GO GO UP AND WE 3177 02:12:36,240 --> 02:12:38,480 STILL HAVE A WAYS TO GO BUT, 3178 02:12:38,480 --> 02:12:40,840 IT'S TRENDING IN THE RIGHT 3179 02:12:40,840 --> 02:12:41,120 DIRECTION. 3180 02:12:41,120 --> 02:12:45,040 AND I WANT TO THANK OUR ADVISORY 3181 02:12:45,040 --> 02:12:46,760 COUNCIL WORKING GROUP THAT'S 3182 02:12:46,760 --> 02:12:50,040 CURRENTLY UNDERWAY LOOKING AT 3183 02:12:50,040 --> 02:12:51,000 FELLOWSHIP REVIEWS BECAUSE WE 3184 02:12:51,000 --> 02:12:53,440 ARE ALSO LOOKING TO RESTRUCTURE 3185 02:12:53,440 --> 02:12:56,480 AND MAKE MORE EQUITABLE NRSA 3186 02:12:56,480 --> 02:12:57,360 FELLOWSHIP CRITERIA. 3187 02:12:57,360 --> 02:12:58,520 YOU CAN WATCH THE 3188 02:12:58,520 --> 02:12:59,320 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WILL BE 3189 02:12:59,320 --> 02:13:01,440 PRESENTED AT THE CSR ADVISORY 3190 02:13:01,440 --> 02:13:02,840 COUNCIL MEETING LATER THIS MONTH 3191 02:13:02,840 --> 02:13:05,800 ON THE 19th. 3192 02:13:05,800 --> 02:13:07,360 FINALLY, YOU CAN FIND MORE 3193 02:13:07,360 --> 02:13:08,680 DETAILED INFORMATION ON OUR 3194 02:13:08,680 --> 02:13:10,680 WEBSITE AND MERE IS THE ADDRESS 3195 02:13:10,680 --> 02:13:12,560 AND I'M HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS 3196 02:13:12,560 --> 02:13:20,360 NOW OR YOU CAN REACH ME DIRECTLY 3197 02:13:20,360 --> 02:13:26,200 THANK YOU. 3198 02:13:26,200 --> 02:13:28,200 >> Paul: WE WILL USE THE SAME 3199 02:13:28,200 --> 02:13:28,600 PROCESS. 3200 02:13:28,600 --> 02:13:30,680 IF ANY COUNCILMEMBER WANTS TO 3201 02:13:30,680 --> 02:13:39,480 ASK A QUESTION, JUST USE THE 3202 02:13:39,480 --> 02:13:42,920 HAND APP ON THE SCREEN OR TYPE 3203 02:13:42,920 --> 02:13:44,720 QUESTIONS AND WE ARE POPULATING 3204 02:13:44,720 --> 02:13:49,080 ALL HERE SO LET'S GO WITH KEN, 3205 02:13:49,080 --> 02:13:56,360 TURN YOUR CAMERA AND MICROPHONE 3206 02:13:56,360 --> 02:13:57,320 ON. 3207 02:13:57,320 --> 02:14:01,080 >> THANK YOU FOR THAT WONDERFUL 3208 02:14:01,080 --> 02:14:01,400 PRESENTATION. 3209 02:14:01,400 --> 02:14:02,400 I HAVE I HAVE A QUESTION THAT 3210 02:14:02,400 --> 02:14:04,160 YOU INDIRECTLY TOUCHED ON. 3211 02:14:04,160 --> 02:14:07,120 IN ANY WORLD OF BEHAVIORAL 3212 02:14:07,120 --> 02:14:08,880 INTERVENTIONIST, THERE'S SOME 3213 02:14:08,880 --> 02:14:10,280 CONVENTIONAL WISDOM WE EAT OUR 3214 02:14:10,280 --> 02:14:14,200 YOUNG AND THAT BEHAVIORAL 3215 02:14:14,200 --> 02:14:15,080 INTERVENTIONS DO WORSE THAN 3216 02:14:15,080 --> 02:14:15,880 BASIC SCIENCE. 3217 02:14:15,880 --> 02:14:17,400 YOU TOUCHED ON IT INDIRECTLY 3218 02:14:17,400 --> 02:14:19,280 THAT DISPARITIES BASED RESEARCH 3219 02:14:19,280 --> 02:14:21,760 TENDS TO SCORE WORSE AND DO YOU 3220 02:14:21,760 --> 02:14:23,600 HAVE ANY EVIDENCE THAT IN FACT 3221 02:14:23,600 --> 02:14:25,760 BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS ARE WORSE 3222 02:14:25,760 --> 02:14:27,880 TO EACH OTHER, THE SCORES ARE 3223 02:14:27,880 --> 02:14:29,880 LOWER IN EFFECT THAN OUR BASIC 3224 02:14:29,880 --> 02:14:32,080 SCIENCE COUNTERPARTS. 3225 02:14:32,080 --> 02:14:35,080 >> SO, I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT 3226 02:14:35,080 --> 02:14:36,440 I CORRECT THE IMPRESSION. 3227 02:14:36,440 --> 02:14:38,280 I DON'T THINK I EVER SAID THAT 3228 02:14:38,280 --> 02:14:42,720 THE BEHAVIOR ALL SCIENCE SCORE 3229 02:14:42,720 --> 02:14:42,920 WORKS. 3230 02:14:42,920 --> 02:14:44,200 WE DIDN'T SEE ANY DIFFERENCES 3231 02:14:44,200 --> 02:14:44,400 THERE. 3232 02:14:44,400 --> 02:14:47,480 NOW IN TERMS OF HOW WELL NEW OR 3233 02:14:47,480 --> 02:14:49,600 EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS DO IN 3234 02:14:49,600 --> 02:14:50,880 DIFFERENT FIELDS, WE'RE LOOKING 3235 02:14:50,880 --> 02:14:53,120 AT THAT VERY CAREFULLY, STUDY 3236 02:14:53,120 --> 02:14:54,800 SECTION BY STUDY SECTION, 3237 02:14:54,800 --> 02:14:56,120 THROUGH OUR INQUIRE PROCESS 3238 02:14:56,120 --> 02:14:57,640 WHICH IS LOOKING AT STUDY 3239 02:14:57,640 --> 02:14:58,880 SECTION RESTRUCTURING AND ONE OF 3240 02:14:58,880 --> 02:15:03,160 THE THINGS WE LOOKED AT IS THE 3241 02:15:03,160 --> 02:15:07,120 RATE OF APPLICATION AND RATE OF 3242 02:15:07,120 --> 02:15:07,480 SUCCESS. 3243 02:15:07,480 --> 02:15:09,280 SO AS WE RE STRUCTURE THOSE 3244 02:15:09,280 --> 02:15:10,720 STUDY SECTIONS SOME OF THOSE 3245 02:15:10,720 --> 02:15:11,920 THAT WERE VERY FEW GETTING 3246 02:15:11,920 --> 02:15:13,360 THROUGH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 3247 02:15:13,360 --> 02:15:20,280 HAVE BEEN BLOWN UP. 3248 02:15:20,280 --> 02:15:24,160 >> THIS IS ALL AN DECK OAT AND 3249 02:15:24,160 --> 02:15:25,800 CERTAIN COMMUNITIES THAT WE ALL 3250 02:15:25,800 --> 02:15:27,800 FEEL AND SCORE MUCH MORE HARSH 3251 02:15:27,800 --> 02:15:35,960 AND WORSE SCORES AND AND THE 3252 02:15:35,960 --> 02:15:38,120 SCORE EVERYONE WORSE INCLUDING, 3253 02:15:38,120 --> 02:15:41,400 IT WILL BE A WASH WHEN YOU 3254 02:15:41,400 --> 02:15:41,800 CALCULATE IT. 3255 02:15:41,800 --> 02:15:43,880 THE PROBLEM IS WHEN THEY SCORE 3256 02:15:43,880 --> 02:15:52,080 ESR IS WORSE AND THAT'S WHAT 3257 02:15:52,080 --> 02:15:56,800 WE'RE LOOKING AT. 3258 02:15:56,800 --> 02:15:57,560 >> Paul: Dr. BARNES. 3259 02:15:57,560 --> 02:15:58,600 >> THANK YOU FOR THE 3260 02:15:58,600 --> 02:15:59,080 PRESENTATION. 3261 02:15:59,080 --> 02:15:59,880 I LEARNED SO MUCH. 3262 02:15:59,880 --> 02:16:01,440 I HAVE TWO QUESTIONS. 3263 02:16:01,440 --> 02:16:06,800 I REALLY APPRECIATE RAYS RAISING 3264 02:16:06,800 --> 02:16:09,480 AWARENESS WITH THE SRO TO GET 3265 02:16:09,480 --> 02:16:11,040 MORE DIVERSE PEOPLE INTO THE 3266 02:16:11,040 --> 02:16:11,280 POOL. 3267 02:16:11,280 --> 02:16:13,840 SO MY QUESTION WAS, IT SEEMED 3268 02:16:13,840 --> 02:16:16,080 LIKE A LOT HAPPENED AROUND 2020 3269 02:16:16,080 --> 02:16:19,280 AND SO DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF 3270 02:16:19,280 --> 02:16:20,400 WHETHER SOME OF THE STUDY 3271 02:16:20,400 --> 02:16:23,520 SECTIONS THAT ARE NOW DOING MORE 3272 02:16:23,520 --> 02:16:24,600 REMOTE, DID THAT HAVE ANYTHING 3273 02:16:24,600 --> 02:16:28,880 TO DO WITH THE GETTING MORE 3274 02:16:28,880 --> 02:16:30,280 DIVERSITY IN THE POOL AND THE 3275 02:16:30,280 --> 02:16:31,840 SECOND QUESTION S. THIS MIGHT BE 3276 02:16:31,840 --> 02:16:33,400 HARDER TO ANSWER, SOMETIMES 3277 02:16:33,400 --> 02:16:35,080 THERE'S STRUCTURAL BARRIERS THAT 3278 02:16:35,080 --> 02:16:38,560 MAKE IT MORE CHALLENGING FOR 3279 02:16:38,560 --> 02:16:41,040 MORE DIVERSE PEOPLE TO SERVE ON 3280 02:16:41,040 --> 02:16:42,240 STUDY SECTIONS BECAUSE THEY HAVE 3281 02:16:42,240 --> 02:16:43,960 MORE SERVICE REQUIREMENTS, THEY 3282 02:16:43,960 --> 02:16:47,520 MIGHT COME FROM LESS RESOURCE 3283 02:16:47,520 --> 02:16:47,880 INSTITUTIONS. 3284 02:16:47,880 --> 02:16:49,160 IS ANY WORK BEING DONE TO 3285 02:16:49,160 --> 02:16:50,760 ADDRESS THOSE TYPES OF 3286 02:16:50,760 --> 02:16:51,920 STRUCTURAL BARRIERS? 3287 02:16:51,920 --> 02:16:54,480 >> LET ME ANSWER YOUR FIRST 3288 02:16:54,480 --> 02:16:55,240 QUESTION FIRST. 3289 02:16:55,240 --> 02:16:57,320 THAT'S A REALLY GOOD QUESTION. 3290 02:16:57,320 --> 02:16:59,240 SOME OF THE TIMES WHEN I GET 3291 02:16:59,240 --> 02:17:00,520 ASKED ABOUT, HOW ARE YOU GOING 3292 02:17:00,520 --> 02:17:02,160 TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF ALL OF 3293 02:17:02,160 --> 02:17:04,520 THESE THINGS THAT YOU ARE DOING? 3294 02:17:04,520 --> 02:17:05,720 WELL, THESE AREN'T THE ONLY 3295 02:17:05,720 --> 02:17:06,520 THING WE'RE DOING. 3296 02:17:06,520 --> 02:17:08,640 NIH ITSELF IS COMMITTED TO 3297 02:17:08,640 --> 02:17:09,960 TACKLING THIS ISSUE IN A LOT OF 3298 02:17:09,960 --> 02:17:11,520 THINGS ARE GOING ON. 3299 02:17:11,520 --> 02:17:13,600 AS A RESULT, IT MAKES IT HARD. 3300 02:17:13,600 --> 02:17:14,800 PLUS ADD TO THAT THE PANDEMIC 3301 02:17:14,800 --> 02:17:18,800 AND YOU CAN NO LONGER FIGURE OUT 3302 02:17:18,800 --> 02:17:24,200 WHAT IS A RESULT OF THAT, WE ARE 3303 02:17:24,200 --> 02:17:25,680 TURNING AWAY NOMINATION SLATES 3304 02:17:25,680 --> 02:17:27,240 AND THERE'S A LOT OF 3305 02:17:27,240 --> 02:17:28,320 CONVERSATION INTERNALLY IN THE 3306 02:17:28,320 --> 02:17:37,000 CENTER GOING ON. 3307 02:17:37,000 --> 02:17:38,680 RELATED TO DIVERSE FEE AND WE 3308 02:17:38,680 --> 02:17:39,840 DIDN'T SEE DIVERSE FEE WHERE 3309 02:17:39,840 --> 02:17:40,680 WE'RE SEEING IT. 3310 02:17:40,680 --> 02:17:47,640 IT'S A REAL EFFORT MADE BY THE 3311 02:17:47,640 --> 02:17:57,760 STAFF. 3312 02:18:01,760 --> 02:18:04,000 TO COME IN-PERSON. 3313 02:18:04,000 --> 02:18:12,920 SO, WE'LL SEE THAT. 3314 02:18:12,920 --> 02:18:14,080 THE MINORITY TAX. 3315 02:18:14,080 --> 02:18:15,720 THERE'S A LOT OF AWARENESS OF 3316 02:18:15,720 --> 02:18:17,480 THAT AND WE DO THE BEST -- I 3317 02:18:17,480 --> 02:18:18,760 THINK THERE'S ALWAYS A STRUGGLE 3318 02:18:18,760 --> 02:18:21,320 BETWEEN WE WANT TO HAVE 3319 02:18:21,320 --> 02:18:22,480 MINORITIES PARTICIPATE IN PEER 3320 02:18:22,480 --> 02:18:23,560 REVIEW BECAUSE IT'S STRONGER AND 3321 02:18:23,560 --> 02:18:24,960 WE DON'T WANT TO BURDEN THEM. 3322 02:18:24,960 --> 02:18:26,960 BUT PART OF THOSE DECISIONS HAVE 3323 02:18:26,960 --> 02:18:29,120 TO BE MADE AT THE INSTITUTIONAL 3324 02:18:29,120 --> 02:18:33,120 LEVEL, AS TO HOW TO RELIEF AND I 3325 02:18:33,120 --> 02:18:34,560 THINK IT'S INSTITUTIONAL 3326 02:18:34,560 --> 02:18:35,480 STRUCTURAL CHANGE THAT OTHER 3327 02:18:35,480 --> 02:18:40,640 PARTS OF NIH THROUGH UNITED, ARE 3328 02:18:40,640 --> 02:18:42,960 UNDERTAKING. 3329 02:18:42,960 --> 02:18:44,880 >> THANK YOU. 3330 02:18:44,880 --> 02:18:45,760 >> Paul: WE HAVE Dr. 3331 02:18:45,760 --> 02:18:54,760 SUTHERLAND AND Dr. LONG. 3332 02:18:54,760 --> 02:18:56,200 >> GOOD AFTERNOON, HOW ARE YOU 3333 02:18:56,200 --> 02:18:56,400 DOING. 3334 02:18:56,400 --> 02:18:57,320 >> I'M DOING WELL. 3335 02:18:57,320 --> 02:18:58,480 >> I WANT TO APPLAUD YOU ON THE 3336 02:18:58,480 --> 02:18:59,560 WORK YOU ARE DOING. 3337 02:18:59,560 --> 02:19:00,600 IT'S IMPRESSIVE AND NEEDED. 3338 02:19:00,600 --> 02:19:07,000 I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR THAT. 3339 02:19:07,000 --> 02:19:10,640 ME QUESTION IS THAT I WORK AT A 3340 02:19:10,640 --> 02:19:13,360 HBCU AS YOU KNOW, WHEN WE WRITE 3341 02:19:13,360 --> 02:19:15,840 GRANTS, FROM HBCU, WHEN YOU LOOK 3342 02:19:15,840 --> 02:19:20,520 AT THOSE FIVE CRITERIA, THE ONE 3343 02:19:20,520 --> 02:19:28,520 THAT INHERENTLY CAUSES DREAD IS 3344 02:19:28,520 --> 02:19:29,360 THE ENVIRONMENT. 3345 02:19:29,360 --> 02:19:31,640 AND THAT IS SOMETHING THAT AS AN 3346 02:19:31,640 --> 02:19:33,320 INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATOR, IT'S 3347 02:19:33,320 --> 02:19:36,520 REALLY HARD FOR US TO IMPACT 3348 02:19:36,520 --> 02:19:38,800 VERY MUCH WHAT WE HAVE TO LIVE 3349 02:19:38,800 --> 02:19:44,200 WITH IT AND SO EVEN THOUGH IN 3350 02:19:44,200 --> 02:19:46,800 SOME INSTANCES ENVIRONMENT AND 3351 02:19:46,800 --> 02:19:49,600 SOME HBCUs MAY BE COMPARABLE 3352 02:19:49,600 --> 02:19:51,040 OF OTHER PLACES BUT IT'S THE 3353 02:19:51,040 --> 02:19:55,160 MIND SET IN THE REVIEWERS WHO 3354 02:19:55,160 --> 02:19:57,760 INHERENTLY BELIEVE, WELL, IF YOU 3355 02:19:57,760 --> 02:20:00,120 ARE AT HOWARD, YOUR ENVIRONMENT 3356 02:20:00,120 --> 02:20:01,600 CAN'T BE AS GOOD AS HOPKINS. 3357 02:20:01,600 --> 02:20:05,520 COME ON, IT JUST CAN'T BE. 3358 02:20:05,520 --> 02:20:07,960 I WOULD LIKE YOU TO COMMENT ON 3359 02:20:07,960 --> 02:20:10,680 THAT AND ANOTHER THING IS THAT, 3360 02:20:10,680 --> 02:20:18,480 IT'S RELATED, IN TERMS OF RACE 3361 02:20:18,480 --> 02:20:18,760 BIAS. 3362 02:20:18,760 --> 02:20:26,160 HOW SIGNIFICANT IS INSTITUTIONAL 3363 02:20:26,160 --> 02:20:32,360 BIAS IF YOU REMOVE THE RACE 3364 02:20:32,360 --> 02:20:36,280 IDENTIFIERS, HOW BIG OF A FACTOR 3365 02:20:36,280 --> 02:20:42,640 IS THAT IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE 3366 02:20:42,640 --> 02:20:43,600 STRUGGLE WITH OFTEN. 3367 02:20:43,600 --> 02:20:45,360 SO I JUST LIKE TO HAVE YOUR 3368 02:20:45,360 --> 02:20:49,200 COMMENTS AND THOUGHTS ON THOSE 3369 02:20:49,200 --> 02:20:52,320 TWO ISSUES. 3370 02:20:52,320 --> 02:20:53,720 I DON'T THINK THAT STUDY HAS 3371 02:20:53,720 --> 02:20:54,280 BEEN DONE. 3372 02:20:54,280 --> 02:20:56,240 THE OPPOSITE HAS FOR EXAMPLE HOW 3373 02:20:56,240 --> 02:20:59,720 DO MINORITIES DO AT THE TIER ONE 3374 02:20:59,720 --> 02:21:01,040 INSTITUTIONS VERSUS -- THAT'S 3375 02:21:01,040 --> 02:21:03,800 BEEN DONE AND THERE'S STILL A 3376 02:21:03,800 --> 02:21:04,000 GRAPH. 3377 02:21:04,000 --> 02:21:07,080 EVEN GINTHER LOOKED AT THAT. 3378 02:21:07,080 --> 02:21:10,080 CLEARLY, I THINK YOUR FIRST 3379 02:21:10,080 --> 02:21:12,840 POINT IS IT RESINATES WITH ME. 3380 02:21:12,840 --> 02:21:13,800 TWO THINGS THAT I WANT YOU TO 3381 02:21:13,800 --> 02:21:17,200 KNOW, ONE IS THE REVIEWERS BIAS 3382 02:21:17,200 --> 02:21:18,000 AWARENESS TRAINING AND I DON'T 3383 02:21:18,000 --> 02:21:20,000 KNOW IF YOU HAD IT BUT IT'S 3384 02:21:20,000 --> 02:21:20,920 AVAILABLE TO COUNCIL AND WE CAN 3385 02:21:20,920 --> 02:21:22,600 SEND THE LINK, IT TAKES 30 3386 02:21:22,600 --> 02:21:22,960 MINUTES. 3387 02:21:22,960 --> 02:21:24,360 I THINK YOU WILL ENJOY IT. 3388 02:21:24,360 --> 02:21:28,320 IT ACTUALLY STARTS WITH A 3389 02:21:28,320 --> 02:21:31,160 PERSONAL TESTIMONIAL TALKING 3390 02:21:31,160 --> 02:21:32,320 ABOUT THE EXACT ISSUE THAT YOU 3391 02:21:32,320 --> 02:21:35,920 ARE SAYING AND THE SCENARIO 3392 02:21:35,920 --> 02:21:38,400 COVERS INSTITUTIONAL BIAS VERY 3393 02:21:38,400 --> 02:21:39,000 EXPLICITLY, RIGHT. 3394 02:21:39,000 --> 02:21:41,240 SO I THINK WE'RE MAKING CHANGES 3395 02:21:41,240 --> 02:21:43,920 IN REVIEWER TRAINING. 3396 02:21:43,920 --> 02:21:46,840 THAT ASIDE, WHEN YOU HEAR ABOUT 3397 02:21:46,840 --> 02:21:49,480 THE RESTRUCTURED REVIEW CRITERIA 3398 02:21:49,480 --> 02:21:52,000 COMING AT THE END OF THE YEAR, 3399 02:21:52,000 --> 02:21:54,680 HOPEFULLY, YOU WILL SEE A 3400 02:21:54,680 --> 02:21:56,240 SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN THE AMOUNT 3401 02:21:56,240 --> 02:21:59,280 OF EMPHASIS THAT IS BEING GIVEN 3402 02:21:59,280 --> 02:22:03,320 TO INVESTIGATOR AND ENVIRONMENT. 3403 02:22:03,320 --> 02:22:05,560 STAY TUNED, YOU WILL LIKE WHAT 3404 02:22:05,560 --> 02:22:06,160 IS COMING. 3405 02:22:06,160 --> 02:22:09,920 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 3406 02:22:09,920 --> 02:22:13,000 >> Paul: Dr. LONG. 3407 02:22:13,000 --> 02:22:20,560 >> THIS IS AMAZING WORK AND SO 3408 02:22:20,560 --> 02:22:21,000 IMPORTANT. 3409 02:22:21,000 --> 02:22:22,400 AS A DIVISION CHIEF WITH LOTS OF 3410 02:22:22,400 --> 02:22:25,680 PEOPLE ON COMMITTEES, I WANT TO 3411 02:22:25,680 --> 02:22:26,840 PUSH BACK ON YOUR COMMENT ABOUT 3412 02:22:26,840 --> 02:22:28,440 THE MINORITY TAX OR EVEN WHAT 3413 02:22:28,440 --> 02:22:29,640 WOULD BE A WOMAN'S TAX. 3414 02:22:29,640 --> 02:22:32,480 IS IT SO MANY COMMITTEES GET 3415 02:22:32,480 --> 02:22:34,960 FILLED UP BY MINORITIES AND 3416 02:22:34,960 --> 02:22:38,120 WOMEN THAT -- AND I DO THINK 3417 02:22:38,120 --> 02:22:39,560 SERVING ON A GRANT REVIEW 3418 02:22:39,560 --> 02:22:42,560 COMMITTEE IS INCREDIBLY GOOD FOR 3419 02:22:42,560 --> 02:22:44,080 PEOPLE'S CAREERS AND IT MAKES 3420 02:22:44,080 --> 02:22:44,640 THEM LEARN. 3421 02:22:44,640 --> 02:22:50,200 LIKE LEARNED MORE ABOUT WRITING 3422 02:22:50,200 --> 02:22:52,560 A GOOD GRANT BY SERVE BEING ON A 3423 02:22:52,560 --> 02:22:53,480 COMMITTEE THAN ANYTHING ELSE. 3424 02:22:53,480 --> 02:22:57,120 IT'S GOOD FOR YOUR NATIONAL 3425 02:22:57,120 --> 02:22:57,520 REPUTATION. 3426 02:22:57,520 --> 02:22:58,960 THERE'S SOME ONUS ON NIH TO WORK 3427 02:22:58,960 --> 02:23:08,920 WITH THE INSTITUTIONS TO HELP 3428 02:23:08,920 --> 02:23:09,640 NAVIGATE THIS ISSUE. 3429 02:23:09,640 --> 02:23:11,040 I WORRY IT WILL BE FILLED WITH 3430 02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:12,440 WOMEN AND MINORITIES WHO ARE NOT 3431 02:23:12,440 --> 02:23:13,720 GETTING THEIR OWN RESEARCH DONE. 3432 02:23:13,720 --> 02:23:15,040 I DON'T THINK IT WILL HAPPEN BUT 3433 02:23:15,040 --> 02:23:16,560 I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO SERVE. 3434 02:23:16,560 --> 02:23:17,840 IT TAKES A LOT OF WORK AND TIME 3435 02:23:17,840 --> 02:23:20,000 IF YOU DO IT WELL, AT LEAST IT 3436 02:23:20,000 --> 02:23:21,720 TAKES ME A LOT OF WORK AND TIME 3437 02:23:21,720 --> 02:23:24,240 TO DO IT WELL. 3438 02:23:24,240 --> 02:23:26,240 I THINK THERE NEEDS TO BE SOME 3439 02:23:26,240 --> 02:23:28,240 MORE BACK AND FOURTH WITH THE 3440 02:23:28,240 --> 02:23:30,360 INSTITUTIONS TO REALLY HELP PAVE 3441 02:23:30,360 --> 02:23:32,440 THIS WAY BECAUSE I THINK OF THE 3442 02:23:32,440 --> 02:23:35,040 KINDS OF COMMITTEES A SCIENTIST 3443 02:23:35,040 --> 02:23:37,640 CAN DO THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF 3444 02:23:37,640 --> 02:23:44,680 THE OONESUSEFULLY IN THEIR SCIES 3445 02:23:44,680 --> 02:23:46,840 WELL AS THEIR ABILITY TO GET 3446 02:23:46,840 --> 02:23:49,440 PROMOTED AND RISE IN THEIR 3447 02:23:49,440 --> 02:23:50,360 INSTITUTIONS. 3448 02:23:50,360 --> 02:23:52,920 SO, I JUST THINK THAT WE NEED TO 3449 02:23:52,920 --> 02:23:57,840 THINK CAREFULLY ABOUT HOW NIH 3450 02:23:57,840 --> 02:23:59,520 CAN HELP MAKE IT POSSIBLE AND 3451 02:23:59,520 --> 02:24:01,400 NOT SAY IT'S JUST UP TO THE 3452 02:24:01,400 --> 02:24:02,120 INSTITUTIONS TO FIGURE OUT. 3453 02:24:02,120 --> 02:24:06,080 >> SO, THANK YOU FOR THAT. 3454 02:24:06,080 --> 02:24:06,600 I AGREE. 3455 02:24:06,600 --> 02:24:08,600 I THINK THERE'S NIH AND THEN 3456 02:24:08,600 --> 02:24:12,120 THERE'S CSR THAT IS PART OF NIH. 3457 02:24:12,120 --> 02:24:13,840 SOME OF WHAT WE HEARD WHEN WE 3458 02:24:13,840 --> 02:24:15,760 WERE TRYING TO MAKE THE CHANGE 3459 02:24:15,760 --> 02:24:18,360 WITHIN CSR BUT INVITE MORE 3460 02:24:18,360 --> 02:24:24,760 JUNIOR FACULTY, IS THE SORT OF 3461 02:24:24,760 --> 02:24:26,320 CULTURE AMONG SOME OF OUR STAFF 3462 02:24:26,320 --> 02:24:27,800 SAYING, WELL, WE'RE PROTECTING 3463 02:24:27,800 --> 02:24:28,560 THEIR TIME. 3464 02:24:28,560 --> 02:24:31,800 I THINK WE HAVE TO ALLOW 3465 02:24:31,800 --> 02:24:33,480 INVESTIGATORS WHO IS GONE 3466 02:24:33,480 --> 02:24:35,240 THROUGH GOOD TRAINING AND ON 3467 02:24:35,240 --> 02:24:37,240 FACULTY TO MAKE THOSE NOT 3468 02:24:37,240 --> 02:24:39,480 DECISIONS SO I HESITATE TO TELL 3469 02:24:39,480 --> 02:24:41,440 OUR STAFF, TRY TO PROTECT AND BE 3470 02:24:41,440 --> 02:24:43,040 CAREFUL ABOUT WHO YOU INVITE IN 3471 02:24:43,040 --> 02:24:44,240 CASE YOU OVER TAX THEM. 3472 02:24:44,240 --> 02:24:45,760 WE NEED TO ALLOW INVESTIGATORS 3473 02:24:45,760 --> 02:24:47,080 TO MAKE THOSE CALLS THEMSELVES 3474 02:24:47,080 --> 02:24:49,200 AND I THINK THEY SHOULD PICK 3475 02:24:49,200 --> 02:24:51,080 COMING TO STUDY SESSIONS OVER 3476 02:24:51,080 --> 02:24:52,040 WHATEVER INSTITUTIONAL 3477 02:24:52,040 --> 02:24:52,320 COMMITTEE. 3478 02:24:52,320 --> 02:24:54,720 >> I GUESS I WONDER IF YOU CAN 3479 02:24:54,720 --> 02:24:56,720 WORK WITH INSTITUTION TO HELP IT 3480 02:24:56,720 --> 02:24:58,880 EASIER FOR THEM FOR JUNIOR 3481 02:24:58,880 --> 02:25:00,240 INVESTIGATORS OR WOMEN FOR 3482 02:25:00,240 --> 02:25:03,680 MINORITY INVESTIGATORS TO SERVE 3483 02:25:03,680 --> 02:25:05,560 AND SORT OF MAKE THAT PATH 3484 02:25:05,560 --> 02:25:07,240 EASIER AND SO I GUESS I'M NOT 3485 02:25:07,240 --> 02:25:08,680 SAYING DON'T DO IT, I'M JUST 3486 02:25:08,680 --> 02:25:11,000 SAYING I THINK THERE'S A WAY 3487 02:25:11,000 --> 02:25:12,040 THAT THERE COULD BE A BIT MORE 3488 02:25:12,040 --> 02:25:12,880 BACK AND FOURTH. 3489 02:25:12,880 --> 02:25:16,240 >> YEAH, AND I THINK THAT UNITE 3490 02:25:16,240 --> 02:25:17,240 IS -- I DON'T KNOW, IF YOU ARE 3491 02:25:17,240 --> 02:25:21,160 ON UNITE E OR AWARE WHAT IS 3492 02:25:21,160 --> 02:25:22,920 HAPPENING WITH UNITE BUT UNITE 3493 02:25:22,920 --> 02:25:25,880 EXTRAMURAL IS LOOKING AT 3494 02:25:25,880 --> 02:25:27,520 STRUCTURAL BARRIERS FOR UNDER 3495 02:25:27,520 --> 02:25:29,520 REPRESENTED MINORITIES AND WOMEN 3496 02:25:29,520 --> 02:25:31,760 AT INSTITUTIONS AND TRYING TO 3497 02:25:31,760 --> 02:25:33,080 CHANGE INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE SO 3498 02:25:33,080 --> 02:25:35,560 I THINK NIH IS VERY ACTIVE IN 3499 02:25:35,560 --> 02:25:36,640 THAT REALM. 3500 02:25:36,640 --> 02:25:40,440 IT'S NOT THE CSR PART OF IT SO I 3501 02:25:40,440 --> 02:25:42,440 DIDN'T MEAN TO IMPLY THERE ISN'T 3502 02:25:42,440 --> 02:25:46,400 WORK GOING ON ACTIVELY RIGHT 3503 02:25:46,400 --> 02:25:46,560 NOW. 3504 02:25:46,560 --> 02:25:49,640 >> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. 3505 02:25:49,640 --> 02:25:54,800 THIS HAS BEEN A VERY GOOD 3506 02:25:54,800 --> 02:25:57,120 SESSION. 3507 02:25:57,120 --> 02:25:59,920 WE'RE GOING TO TURN IT BACK OVER 3508 02:25:59,920 --> 02:26:03,320 TO Dr. PEREZ-STABLE TO 3509 02:26:03,320 --> 02:26:07,200 INTRODUCE OUR NEXT SPEAKER. 3510 02:26:07,200 --> 02:26:07,880 >> Dr. Eliseo J. Perez-Stable: I 3511 02:26:07,880 --> 02:26:10,720 WANT TO THANK NONI FOR A 3512 02:26:10,720 --> 02:26:11,560 WONDERFUL -- I DIDN'T REMEMBER 3513 02:26:11,560 --> 02:26:14,000 YOU WOULD FOCUS ON BIAS. 3514 02:26:14,000 --> 02:26:15,160 I HAD MENTIONED SOME OF THE 3515 02:26:15,160 --> 02:26:16,640 STUFF ON BIAS THAT YOU HAD BEEN 3516 02:26:16,640 --> 02:26:19,280 DOING AND I GATHER THIS IS NOW 3517 02:26:19,280 --> 02:26:21,200 IMPLEMENTED THROUGHOUT ALL THE 3518 02:26:21,200 --> 02:26:22,800 CSR COMMITTEES. 3519 02:26:22,800 --> 02:26:25,320 IT PROBABLY OUGHT TO BE 3520 02:26:25,320 --> 02:26:27,320 REPLICATED IN THE COMMITTEES 3521 02:26:27,320 --> 02:26:32,040 THAT WE RUN AS INSTITUTES. 3522 02:26:32,040 --> 02:26:32,760 SYSTEMATICALLY SO I WANT TO 3523 02:26:32,760 --> 02:26:33,440 THANK YOU. 3524 02:26:33,440 --> 02:26:37,600 I REALLY GREATLY APPRECIATE YOUR 3525 02:26:37,600 --> 02:26:40,080 LEADERSHIP IN REALLY RAISING THE 3526 02:26:40,080 --> 02:26:42,080 BAR AND EXPECTATIONS THAT WE 3527 02:26:42,080 --> 02:26:43,960 SHOULD HAVE ABOUT CSR AND NOT 3528 02:26:43,960 --> 02:26:47,600 JUST LET PEOPLE EXPLAIN COMPLAE 3529 02:26:47,600 --> 02:26:48,080 TIME. 3530 02:26:48,080 --> 02:26:49,600 I ALSO THINK THIS CONVERSATION 3531 02:26:49,600 --> 02:26:53,040 CAN WILL GUN FOR A WHILE BECAUSE 3532 02:26:53,040 --> 02:26:54,400 I HAPPEN N. THIS CASE, DISAGREE 3533 02:26:54,400 --> 02:26:56,360 WITH THE PERSPECTIVE THAT THE 3534 02:26:56,360 --> 02:26:58,040 INSTITUTION SHOULD LOOK FOR NIH 3535 02:26:58,040 --> 02:26:59,280 TO MAKE THINGS HAPPEN. 3536 02:26:59,280 --> 02:27:01,120 I THINK IT'S BOTH. 3537 02:27:01,120 --> 02:27:04,040 I THINK MOST OF THE TIME WHAT 3538 02:27:04,040 --> 02:27:06,160 I'VE SEEN THE LAST SEVEN YEARS, 3539 02:27:06,160 --> 02:27:08,080 NIH DOES MORE THAN THE REST OF 3540 02:27:08,080 --> 02:27:10,040 THE INSTITUTIONS. 3541 02:27:10,040 --> 02:27:12,920 WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS. 3542 02:27:12,920 --> 02:27:17,120 I DO THINK THAT PROTECTING, AS A 3543 02:27:17,120 --> 02:27:19,200 DIVISION CHIEF, I WOULDN'T LET A 3544 02:27:19,200 --> 02:27:20,840 JUNIOR PERSON BE ON A REVIEW 3545 02:27:20,840 --> 02:27:22,160 COMMITTEE OF ANY KIND BECAUSE I 3546 02:27:22,160 --> 02:27:27,640 SAID, YOU HAVE TO GET YOUR WORK 3547 02:27:27,640 --> 02:27:27,920 DONE. 3548 02:27:27,920 --> 02:27:29,440 THEN CAN YOU SERVE ON COMMITTEES 3549 02:27:29,440 --> 02:27:31,280 AND THAT WAS ONE OF MY MANTRAS 3550 02:27:31,280 --> 02:27:32,480 AND THAT'S WHAT MY DIVISION 3551 02:27:32,480 --> 02:27:34,280 CHIEF DID WHEN I WAS ASKED TO DO 3552 02:27:34,280 --> 02:27:36,640 SERVICE AS A MID ASSISTANT 3553 02:27:36,640 --> 02:27:39,840 BEFORE I HAD GOTTEN MORE 3554 02:27:39,840 --> 02:27:42,520 PROMOTED AT UC SAN FRANCISCO. 3555 02:27:42,520 --> 02:27:44,080 SO, LOTS TO BE DONE BUT IF WE 3556 02:27:44,080 --> 02:27:45,480 DIDN'T START TALKING ABOUT IT, 3557 02:27:45,480 --> 02:27:46,320 NOTHING WOULD HAPPEN. 3558 02:27:46,320 --> 02:27:48,280 SO I'M REALLY DELIGHT THAT WE'RE 3559 02:27:48,280 --> 02:27:49,840 ABLE TO HAVE THESE CONVERSATIONS 3560 02:27:49,840 --> 02:27:51,280 MORE OPENLY. 3561 02:27:51,280 --> 02:27:53,840 WE HAVE TO HIRE MORE PEOPLE. 3562 02:27:53,840 --> 02:27:54,240 [LAUGHTER] 3563 02:27:54,240 --> 02:27:57,400 THAT WAY THE POOL WILL BE MORE 3564 02:27:57,400 --> 02:27:58,680 DIVERSE TO BEGIN WITH. 3565 02:27:58,680 --> 02:28:00,200 SO, THANK YOU AGAIN, NONI. 3566 02:28:00,200 --> 02:28:04,200 >> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. 3567 02:28:04,200 --> 02:28:04,440 BYE-BYE. 3568 02:28:04,440 --> 02:28:05,680 WE HAVE A SECOND PRESENTATION 3569 02:28:05,680 --> 02:28:07,120 BEFORE WE GET TO THE REST OF OUR 3570 02:28:07,120 --> 02:28:09,280 WORK TODAY AND IT'S ONE OF OUR 3571 02:28:09,280 --> 02:28:15,120 OWN MEMBERS, KEN RESNICOW THE 3572 02:28:15,120 --> 02:28:16,920 IRWIN ROSENSTOCK PROFESSOR OF 3573 02:28:16,920 --> 02:28:18,120 HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH 3574 02:28:18,120 --> 02:28:19,400 EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 3575 02:28:19,400 --> 02:28:20,440 MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC-HEALTH 3576 02:28:20,440 --> 02:28:22,120 AND THE TITLE OF PROFESSOR 3577 02:28:22,120 --> 02:28:24,440 PEDIATRICS IN SCHOOL OF 3578 02:28:24,440 --> 02:28:24,720 MEDICINE. 3579 02:28:24,720 --> 02:28:26,960 REN IS A WORLD-RENOWNED 3580 02:28:26,960 --> 02:28:28,800 BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST AND HE IS 3581 02:28:28,800 --> 02:28:32,280 BEEN OVER THE PAST 35 YEARS 3582 02:28:32,280 --> 02:28:34,280 INVOLVED IN OVER 80 NIH AND 3583 02:28:34,280 --> 02:28:39,800 OTHER EXTERNALLY FUNDED PROJECT. 3584 02:28:39,800 --> 02:28:41,440 WHEN I FIRST HEARD OF KEN, HE 3585 02:28:41,440 --> 02:28:45,960 WAS AT EMERY WORKING WITH A 3586 02:28:45,960 --> 02:28:47,280 MENTEE OF MINE BUT I THINK HE 3587 02:28:47,280 --> 02:28:53,920 HAS REMAINED AT MICHIGAN SINCE 3588 02:28:53,920 --> 02:28:59,360 AND HE IS REALLY SORT OF HAS SET 3589 02:28:59,360 --> 02:29:05,840 DEFINED THE FIELD IN MANY WAYS 3590 02:29:05,840 --> 02:29:11,120 AND IT'S TOPICS AND HIS WORK AND 3591 02:29:11,120 --> 02:29:15,080 SMOKING CESSATION AND 3592 02:29:15,080 --> 02:29:17,040 SELF-DESCRIBES HIM AND ALSO WENT 3593 02:29:17,040 --> 02:29:20,280 ON TO ISSUES AROUND PHYSICAL AND 3594 02:29:20,280 --> 02:29:22,080 NUTRITION AND CANCER SCREENING 3595 02:29:22,080 --> 02:29:24,720 AND USING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 3596 02:29:24,720 --> 02:29:27,480 AND INCLUDING FAITH-BASED 3597 02:29:27,480 --> 02:29:29,080 ORGANIZATIONS AND TO FOCUS ON 3598 02:29:29,080 --> 02:29:31,120 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HE HAS 3599 02:29:31,120 --> 02:29:32,640 DONE WORK WITH MIDDLE EASTERN, 3600 02:29:32,640 --> 02:29:34,640 NORTH AFRICAN COMMUNITIES IN 3601 02:29:34,640 --> 02:29:36,720 MICHIGAN AND HE HAS WORKED IN 25 3602 02:29:36,720 --> 02:29:39,800 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND MORE 3603 02:29:39,800 --> 02:29:41,840 RECENTLY, HE HAS REALLY GOTTEN 3604 02:29:41,840 --> 02:29:48,120 INVOLVED IN USING E HEALTH TO 3605 02:29:48,120 --> 02:29:51,080 ENHANCE THE MESSAGES AND WE'RE 3606 02:29:51,080 --> 02:29:53,400 ALL VERY SENSITIVE IN A WAY IN 3607 02:29:53,400 --> 02:30:00,520 THE CHALLENGES COMMUNICATION AND 3608 02:30:00,520 --> 02:30:04,680 BUILDING TRUST AND SCIENCE AND 3609 02:30:04,680 --> 02:30:07,080 THE EXPERIENCE OF COVID HAS BEEN 3610 02:30:07,080 --> 02:30:10,000 SOBERING TO SAY THE LEAST SO 3611 02:30:10,000 --> 02:30:16,760 KEN, THE FLOOR IS YOURS. 3612 02:30:16,760 --> 02:30:21,320 >> I THINK THE SCREEN SHARE 3613 02:30:21,320 --> 02:30:21,560 WORKED. 3614 02:30:21,560 --> 02:30:23,480 THANK YOU FOR THE KIND WORDS 3615 02:30:23,480 --> 02:30:25,040 ALTHOUGH IT WAS A LITTLE 3616 02:30:25,040 --> 02:30:26,480 DAUNTING TO HEAR IT'S BEEN 35 3617 02:30:26,480 --> 02:30:28,400 YEARS THAT I'VE BEEN DOING THIS. 3618 02:30:28,400 --> 02:30:31,920 AT SOME POINT, IT'S BEEN A 3619 02:30:31,920 --> 02:30:33,160 PLEASURE TO SERVE ON COUNCIL FOR 3620 02:30:33,160 --> 02:30:37,240 THE PAST THREE AREA MORE YEARS. 3621 02:30:37,240 --> 02:30:38,520 I HAVE THREE MORE MEETINGS TO GO 3622 02:30:38,520 --> 02:30:40,600 AND I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO MY 3623 02:30:40,600 --> 02:30:41,840 CHANCE TO PRESENT ALTHOUGH IT 3624 02:30:41,840 --> 02:30:43,200 WAS DIFFICULT TO DECIDE WHAT TO 3625 02:30:43,200 --> 02:30:46,040 FOCUS ON AND I HOPE I'VE CHOSEN 3626 02:30:46,040 --> 02:30:46,720 THE RIGHT APPROACH. 3627 02:30:46,720 --> 02:30:49,840 WHAT I WANT TO TALK ABOUT TODAY 3628 02:30:49,840 --> 02:30:51,680 IS HOW A HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS 3629 02:30:51,680 --> 02:30:54,200 ARE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONISTS 3630 02:30:54,200 --> 02:30:55,680 VIEWS DISPARITIES. 3631 02:30:55,680 --> 02:30:57,440 AND WHAT DO WE DO WITH SOME OF 3632 02:30:57,440 --> 02:30:59,080 THE SAME INFORMATION THAT WE 3633 02:30:59,080 --> 02:31:00,440 HEAR SO MUCH ABOUT. 3634 02:31:00,440 --> 02:31:02,120 FIRST OF ALL, THEY'RE SORT OF 3635 02:31:02,120 --> 02:31:05,960 WHAT WE CALL THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC 3636 02:31:05,960 --> 02:31:08,920 LENS ON DISPARITIES AND THIS IS 3637 02:31:08,920 --> 02:31:12,560 RIGHT FROM OUR OWN NIMHD WEBSITE 3638 02:31:12,560 --> 02:31:14,160 IT'S ABOUT PREVALENCE AND BURDEN 3639 02:31:14,160 --> 02:31:16,720 OF DISEASE. 3640 02:31:16,720 --> 02:31:18,320 HOWEVER, FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, 3641 02:31:18,320 --> 02:31:21,040 DATA ON LIFE EXPECTANCY, DISEASE 3642 02:31:21,040 --> 02:31:24,800 BURDEN AND HEALTH SERVICES 3643 02:31:24,800 --> 02:31:29,120 REALLY INFORMS THE ALLOCATION OF 3644 02:31:29,120 --> 02:31:31,200 RESOURCES AND WHO SHOULD GET 3645 02:31:31,200 --> 02:31:33,680 INTERVENTION BUT IT TELLS US 3646 02:31:33,680 --> 02:31:35,080 GENERALLY VERY LITTLE ABOUT HOW 3647 02:31:35,080 --> 02:31:38,920 TO INTERVENE, WHAT SHOULD BE THE 3648 02:31:38,920 --> 02:31:43,960 DIFFERENCE IN INTERVENTION 3649 02:31:43,960 --> 02:31:46,840 FORMAT, CONTENT AND TIMING AND 3650 02:31:46,840 --> 02:31:48,000 INFORMING DIFFERENT SUB 3651 02:31:48,000 --> 02:31:49,800 POPULATIONS THAT THEIR GROUP IS 3652 02:31:49,800 --> 02:31:52,120 AT GREATER RISK IN SOME STUDIES 3653 02:31:52,120 --> 02:31:54,960 ACTUALLY DEMOTE RATE ISING SO 3654 02:31:54,960 --> 02:31:56,720 DISPARITY DATA ALONE IS NOT THAT 3655 02:31:56,720 --> 02:32:00,040 HELPFUL FOR BEHAVIORAL 3656 02:32:00,040 --> 02:32:00,440 INTERVENTIONISTS. 3657 02:32:00,440 --> 02:32:03,320 AND IN FACT, IF WE WANT TO 3658 02:32:03,320 --> 02:32:06,040 EXTEND THAT FURTHER, THERE ARE 3659 02:32:06,040 --> 02:32:08,840 DISEASES AND RISK FACTORS, FOR 3660 02:32:08,840 --> 02:32:10,680 WHICH THERE IS NO DISPARITY OR 3661 02:32:10,680 --> 02:32:12,680 IN FACT THE RACIAL ETHNIC 3662 02:32:12,680 --> 02:32:15,400 SUBGROUP MAY BE DOING BETTER BUT 3663 02:32:15,400 --> 02:32:17,080 FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, SPEAKING 3664 02:32:17,080 --> 02:32:20,920 ON BEHALF OF MY GUILD, THERE ARE 3665 02:32:20,920 --> 02:32:22,360 UNIQUE DETERMINANTS THAT SHOULD 3666 02:32:22,360 --> 02:32:25,080 BE INCORPORATED INTO THOSE 3667 02:32:25,080 --> 02:32:26,480 TAILORED INTERVENTIONS. 3668 02:32:26,480 --> 02:32:28,120 IN OUR VIEW, FOR SOMEONE THIS 3669 02:32:28,120 --> 02:32:32,640 MIGHT BE QUEASY, THE NEED FOR 3670 02:32:32,640 --> 02:32:34,800 TAILORED INTERVENTIONS NOT THAT 3671 02:32:34,800 --> 02:32:37,000 LINKED TO THE PREVALENCE OF 3672 02:32:37,000 --> 02:32:39,800 BURDEN DATA OR THE HEALTH 3673 02:32:39,800 --> 02:32:40,400 SERVICES DATA. 3674 02:32:40,400 --> 02:32:44,400 LET ME JUST REMOVE THIS LITTLE 3675 02:32:44,400 --> 02:32:47,400 BAR IF I CAN. 3676 02:32:47,400 --> 02:32:49,760 SO FROM A HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS 3677 02:32:49,760 --> 02:32:51,680 PERSPECTIVE, WHAT WE'RE LOOKING 3678 02:32:51,680 --> 02:32:54,320 FOR ARE OPPORTUNITIES TO TAILOR. 3679 02:32:54,320 --> 02:32:55,960 WE'RE LOOKING FOR YES, THERE'S 3680 02:32:55,960 --> 02:32:57,760 AN DISPARITY HERE BUT DOES IT 3681 02:32:57,760 --> 02:32:58,600 CHANGE OUR MESSAGE? 3682 02:32:58,600 --> 02:33:01,200 A VERY GOOD EXAMPLE IS, AS WE 3683 02:33:01,200 --> 02:33:02,720 KNOW, FOR MOST HEALTH CONDITIONS 3684 02:33:02,720 --> 02:33:04,840 BEING OF LOWER SES STATUS INCOME 3685 02:33:04,840 --> 02:33:06,640 EDUCATION AND BEING EXPOSED TO 3686 02:33:06,640 --> 02:33:09,240 STRUCTURAL RACISM AND 3687 02:33:09,240 --> 02:33:10,640 DISCRIMINATION, OUR VERY 3688 02:33:10,640 --> 02:33:12,680 POWERFUL DETERMINANTS OF THE 3689 02:33:12,680 --> 02:33:16,240 EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATION, THOSE 3690 02:33:16,240 --> 02:33:17,760 OBSERVATIONS THOUGH ARE VERY 3691 02:33:17,760 --> 02:33:20,240 WEAK IN TERMS OF INTERVENTION 3692 02:33:20,240 --> 02:33:21,920 STRUCTURE AND CONTENT SO THE 3693 02:33:21,920 --> 02:33:23,560 INDIVIDUAL MESSAGES WE PROVIDE 3694 02:33:23,560 --> 02:33:25,400 FOR LOW AND MIDDLE AND HIGH 3695 02:33:25,400 --> 02:33:26,480 INCOME INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT THAT 3696 02:33:26,480 --> 02:33:26,760 DIFFERENT. 3697 02:33:26,760 --> 02:33:28,280 OF COURSE THERE ARE SUBTLE 3698 02:33:28,280 --> 02:33:29,920 DIFFERENCES BUT WHAT I WANT TO 3699 02:33:29,920 --> 02:33:32,120 ARGUE WITH YOU TODAY IS THERE'S 3700 02:33:32,120 --> 02:33:34,320 A WHOLE REALM OF DATA WE NEED TO 3701 02:33:34,320 --> 02:33:37,880 DIG INTO IN ORDER TO TAILOR OR 3702 02:33:37,880 --> 02:33:38,240 INTERVENTIONS. 3703 02:33:38,240 --> 02:33:39,400 I'M GOING TO GIVE TWO EXAMPLES 3704 02:33:39,400 --> 02:33:39,680 TODAY. 3705 02:33:39,680 --> 02:33:42,640 I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT OBESITY, 3706 02:33:42,640 --> 02:33:44,080 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIET AND 3707 02:33:44,080 --> 02:33:45,360 SCREEN TIME AND THEN I'M GOING 3708 02:33:45,360 --> 02:33:47,560 TO TALK ABOUT SMOKING CESSATION 3709 02:33:47,560 --> 02:33:49,480 WHICH IS A LITTLE DAUNTING FOR 3710 02:33:49,480 --> 02:33:51,440 ME BECAUSE THEY'LL SAY THEY'RE 3711 02:33:51,440 --> 02:33:52,680 WORLD EXPERTS ON THAT BUT I'M 3712 02:33:52,680 --> 02:33:54,160 GOING TO TOUCH ON SOME OF THEIR 3713 02:33:54,160 --> 02:33:56,640 WORK TO MAKE MY BROADER POINT. 3714 02:33:56,640 --> 02:33:58,360 SO LET'S LOOK AT THE DISEASE 3715 02:33:58,360 --> 02:33:59,680 BURDEN OR PREVALENCE DATA. 3716 02:33:59,680 --> 02:34:01,720 SO, IF WE START WITH THE MOST 3717 02:34:01,720 --> 02:34:03,600 RECENT DATA WE HAVE IN ADULTS WE 3718 02:34:03,600 --> 02:34:05,600 SEE THAT THE PREVALENCE OF 3719 02:34:05,600 --> 02:34:07,120 OBESITY, LET'S JUST FOCUS RIGHT 3720 02:34:07,120 --> 02:34:09,240 NOW ON BLACK VERSUS WHITE. 3721 02:34:09,240 --> 02:34:11,040 THAT IF YOU LOOK AT THE MALE 3722 02:34:11,040 --> 02:34:13,480 DATA, THERE'S REALLY NOT A 3723 02:34:13,480 --> 02:34:15,480 POSITIVE THERE'S A REVERSE 3724 02:34:15,480 --> 02:34:16,680 DISPARITY WITH BLACK MEN 3725 02:34:16,680 --> 02:34:18,320 SLIGHTLY LOWER AND IF WHICH RELY 3726 02:34:18,320 --> 02:34:20,720 ON THAT TO DRIVE OUR DISPARITY 3727 02:34:20,720 --> 02:34:22,000 AGENDA, THERE'S NO NEED TO DO 3728 02:34:22,000 --> 02:34:23,760 ANY TAILORED INTERVENTION HERE 3729 02:34:23,760 --> 02:34:25,880 BECAUSE THE PREVALENCE IS LOWER. 3730 02:34:25,880 --> 02:34:27,040 FOR BLACK WOMEN PREVALENCE IS 3731 02:34:27,040 --> 02:34:29,040 MUCH HIGHER SO IT TELLS US WE 3732 02:34:29,040 --> 02:34:31,600 MAY WANT TO ALLOCATE RESOURCE 3733 02:34:31,600 --> 02:34:33,280 AND ALLOCATE MORE INTERVENTIONS 3734 02:34:33,280 --> 02:34:35,480 BUT IN ITS SELF IT DOESN'T TELL 3735 02:34:35,480 --> 02:34:37,480 US HOW WE SHOULD TAYLOR THAT 3736 02:34:37,480 --> 02:34:38,880 INTERVENTION SO I'M GOING TO 3737 02:34:38,880 --> 02:34:40,280 START WITH AN INTERESTING SORT 3738 02:34:40,280 --> 02:34:43,280 OF HEALTH SERVICES OBSERVATION. 3739 02:34:43,280 --> 02:34:47,160 THIS PAPER LOOKED AT SEVEN MAJOR 3740 02:34:47,160 --> 02:34:48,800 MULTI SITE TRIALS FOR WHICH 3741 02:34:48,800 --> 02:34:51,920 OBESITY WAS A PRIMARY SECONDARY 3742 02:34:51,920 --> 02:34:52,400 OUTCOME. 3743 02:34:52,400 --> 02:34:56,400 THESE WERE ALL FUNDED BY NAH. 3744 02:34:56,400 --> 02:34:58,640 YOU CAN SEE IT'S QUITE STRIKING. 3745 02:34:58,640 --> 02:35:00,320 WHEN YOU LOOK AT WITH THE 3746 02:35:00,320 --> 02:35:04,520 STUDIES THE DPP FOR EXAMPLE, THE 3747 02:35:04,520 --> 02:35:09,000 FIRST THREE REPORTED BY GENDER. 3748 02:35:09,000 --> 02:35:11,240 YOU SEE THAT IN THIS CASE BLACK 3749 02:35:11,240 --> 02:35:14,920 MEN LOST MUCH WEIGHT, MUCH LESS 3750 02:35:14,920 --> 02:35:18,440 WEIGHT IN THE SAME TRIAL. 3751 02:35:18,440 --> 02:35:23,520 THRTHE SAME FOR BLACK VERSUS WHE 3752 02:35:23,520 --> 02:35:23,760 WOMEN. 3753 02:35:23,760 --> 02:35:25,280 THE SAME IN PREMIERE AND GOING 3754 02:35:25,280 --> 02:35:27,080 ON WITH THE STUDIES DID NOT 3755 02:35:27,080 --> 02:35:30,040 REPORT SEPARATELY BY SEX AT 3756 02:35:30,040 --> 02:35:30,440 BIRTH. 3757 02:35:30,440 --> 02:35:32,080 YOU STILL SEE THAT IN EVERY CASE 3758 02:35:32,080 --> 02:35:33,960 OF THE MAIN TRIALS, BLACK 3759 02:35:33,960 --> 02:35:35,040 PARTICIPANTS LOST LESS WEIGHT 3760 02:35:35,040 --> 02:35:36,240 THAN WHITE PARTICIPANTS. 3761 02:35:36,240 --> 02:35:37,080 WHY IS THAT? 3762 02:35:37,080 --> 02:35:41,880 SO I WANT TO DRILL DOWN INTO 3763 02:35:41,880 --> 02:35:45,960 THAT AND CONCLUDE WITH DEEP 3764 02:35:45,960 --> 02:35:46,200 TAILORING. 3765 02:35:46,200 --> 02:35:47,440 THIS IS THE CONCLUSION. 3766 02:35:47,440 --> 02:35:48,880 AFRICAN AMERICANS LOST LESS 3767 02:35:48,880 --> 02:35:51,640 WEIGHT IN THE SAME STUDY THAN 3768 02:35:51,640 --> 02:35:51,960 WHITES. 3769 02:35:51,960 --> 02:35:53,400 THOSE BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES 3770 02:35:53,400 --> 02:35:56,920 ARE ACTUALLY ALSO OBSERVED IN 3771 02:35:56,920 --> 02:35:57,560 BARIATRIC SURGERY. 3772 02:35:57,560 --> 02:35:59,480 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE OUTCOME OF 3773 02:35:59,480 --> 02:36:02,080 BARIATRIC PATIENTS, ON AVERAGE, 3774 02:36:02,080 --> 02:36:04,120 AFRICAN AMERICANS PATIENTS LOSE 3775 02:36:04,120 --> 02:36:05,720 CONSIDERABLY LESS WEIGHT AFTER 3776 02:36:05,720 --> 02:36:06,800 BARIATRIC SURGERY THAN THEIR 3777 02:36:06,800 --> 02:36:08,560 WHITE COUNTERPARTS. 3778 02:36:08,560 --> 02:36:12,360 SO WHY ARE THERE THESE 3779 02:36:12,360 --> 02:36:13,560 DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES? 3780 02:36:13,560 --> 02:36:15,200 MANY FACTORS, PSYCHE OH SOCIAL 3781 02:36:15,200 --> 02:36:17,680 AND BIOLOGICAL. 3782 02:36:17,680 --> 02:36:19,000 I WILL GIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH. 3783 02:36:19,000 --> 02:36:20,840 AS WE PROGRESS INTO THE TALK I'M 3784 02:36:20,840 --> 02:36:23,360 GOING TO ASK WHAT IS THE TAIL 3785 02:36:23,360 --> 02:36:25,240 ORGANIZE IMPLICATIONS THIS 3786 02:36:25,240 --> 02:36:25,480 FINDING. 3787 02:36:25,480 --> 02:36:30,440 I'LL START WITH A POWERFUL 3788 02:36:30,440 --> 02:36:30,720 INTERACTION. 3789 02:36:30,720 --> 02:36:32,080 THIS IS A LITTLE BIT 3790 02:36:32,080 --> 02:36:32,400 COMPLICATED. 3791 02:36:32,400 --> 02:36:33,880 WE'RE LOOKING AT HOUSEHOLD 3792 02:36:33,880 --> 02:36:34,920 INCOME FROM LOWER TO HIRE. 3793 02:36:34,920 --> 02:36:37,800 WE'RE LOOKING AT THE RATE OF 3794 02:36:37,800 --> 02:36:39,760 OBESITY AMONGST FEMALES IN THOSE 3795 02:36:39,760 --> 02:36:40,200 HOUSEHOLDS. 3796 02:36:40,200 --> 02:36:42,000 WHAT WE SEE CLEARLY IS IN WHITE 3797 02:36:42,000 --> 02:36:43,760 HOUSE HOLDS AS INCOME GOES UP 3798 02:36:43,760 --> 02:36:45,560 THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG 3799 02:36:45,560 --> 02:36:46,760 THE FEMALES IN THE HOUSEHOLDS 3800 02:36:46,760 --> 02:36:48,000 GOES DOWN SO IN OTHER WORDS, 3801 02:36:48,000 --> 02:36:51,600 VERY CLEARLY, INCOME RISING IS 3802 02:36:51,600 --> 02:36:52,440 PROTECTIVE FOR WHITE PEOPLE. 3803 02:36:52,440 --> 02:36:55,040 YOU CAN NEVER BE TOO RICH OR TOO 3804 02:36:55,040 --> 02:36:55,440 THIN. 3805 02:36:55,440 --> 02:36:56,840 HOWEVER, THIS IS A REALLY 3806 02:36:56,840 --> 02:37:01,440 CLASSIC INCOMPECLASSINTERACTION. 3807 02:37:01,440 --> 02:37:02,600 HERE IS A GOOD ONE. 3808 02:37:02,600 --> 02:37:05,680 AS INCOME GOES UP, FOR BLACK 3809 02:37:05,680 --> 02:37:08,280 FAMILIES OBESITY GOES UP SO THE 3810 02:37:08,280 --> 02:37:11,720 SAME VARIABLE OF SOCIOECONOMICS 3811 02:37:11,720 --> 02:37:13,520 STATUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 3812 02:37:13,520 --> 02:37:14,760 OPPOSITE EFFECT IN WHITE AND 3813 02:37:14,760 --> 02:37:15,400 BLACK FOLKS. 3814 02:37:15,400 --> 02:37:18,640 NOW WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT 3815 02:37:18,640 --> 02:37:20,280 THE INTERVENTION IMPLICATIONS OF 3816 02:37:20,280 --> 02:37:21,000 THAT, HOLD ON. 3817 02:37:21,000 --> 02:37:22,520 IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN MORE 3818 02:37:22,520 --> 02:37:24,080 RECENT DATA AND ADULT DATA WE 3819 02:37:24,080 --> 02:37:25,480 SEE IT AS WELL IN ADULTS. 3820 02:37:25,480 --> 02:37:27,360 THIS IS A VERY COMPLICATED SLIDE 3821 02:37:27,360 --> 02:37:28,320 AND I'M GOING TO WALK YOU 3822 02:37:28,320 --> 02:37:30,440 THROUGH A TINY PIECE OF IT. 3823 02:37:30,440 --> 02:37:32,320 WHEN YOU LOOK AT FOCUSING ON MEN 3824 02:37:32,320 --> 02:37:34,600 FOR NOW, WHEN YOU LOOK AT WHITE 3825 02:37:34,600 --> 02:37:37,080 MEN, YOU SEE THAT COLLEGE 3826 02:37:37,080 --> 02:37:38,360 GRADUATES, WHICH IS THE DARK 3827 02:37:38,360 --> 02:37:40,120 BLUE BAR, IS ASSOCIATED WITH 3828 02:37:40,120 --> 02:37:42,880 LOWER OBESITY PREVALENCE. 3829 02:37:42,880 --> 02:37:45,880 28 VERSUS 34. 3830 02:37:45,880 --> 02:37:46,240 IT'S PROTECTIVE. 3831 02:37:46,240 --> 02:37:48,440 HOWEVER FOR BLACK MEN, HIGHER 3832 02:37:48,440 --> 02:37:49,120 EDUCATION, COLLEGE GRADUATE IS A 3833 02:37:49,120 --> 02:37:50,680 RISK FACTOR, IT'S THE SAME 3834 02:37:50,680 --> 02:37:52,200 PATTERN IN THE SLIDES BEFORE 3835 02:37:52,200 --> 02:37:53,720 EXCEPT IT WAS A LESS THAN 3836 02:37:53,720 --> 02:37:55,120 PREVALENCE BY HOUSEHOLD INCOME 3837 02:37:55,120 --> 02:38:03,160 AND THIS IS BY ADULT EDUCATION. 3838 02:38:03,160 --> 02:38:06,480 THE SAME IS IT TRUE FOR FEMALES. 3839 02:38:06,480 --> 02:38:07,680 IN ITS SELF, THIS IS NOT 3840 02:38:07,680 --> 02:38:08,840 EFFECTING OUR MESSAGES. 3841 02:38:08,840 --> 02:38:10,320 YES, SOME MESSAGES WE CAN 3842 02:38:10,320 --> 02:38:12,320 CONSTRUCT BUT WE HAVE TO DRILL 3843 02:38:12,320 --> 02:38:14,240 DOWN INTO THIS IN ORDER TO COME 3844 02:38:14,240 --> 02:38:17,960 UP WITH TAILORING MANIFESTATIONS 3845 02:38:17,960 --> 02:38:19,040 OF THESE DIFFERENCES. 3846 02:38:19,040 --> 02:38:21,160 THE MAJOR THING THIS LEADS TO IS 3847 02:38:21,160 --> 02:38:23,040 A DISCUSSION OF GENERATIONAL TEE 3848 02:38:23,040 --> 02:38:25,160 OF WEALTH. 3849 02:38:25,160 --> 02:38:26,920 IT'S A HIGHLY UNDER RESEARCHED 3850 02:38:26,920 --> 02:38:29,520 AREA BUT VERY IMPORTANT ONE. 3851 02:38:29,520 --> 02:38:30,680 WHEN YOU LOOK AT SOME OF THE 3852 02:38:30,680 --> 02:38:33,280 WORK THAT DAVID WILLIAMS 3853 02:38:33,280 --> 02:38:35,040 FORMALLY OF MICHIGAN NOW AT 3854 02:38:35,040 --> 02:38:36,200 HARVARD HAS DONE AND OTHERS YOU 3855 02:38:36,200 --> 02:38:38,600 SEE THE FIRST-GENERATION WEALTH 3856 02:38:38,600 --> 02:38:40,240 WHICH IS COMMON IN AFRICAN 3857 02:38:40,240 --> 02:38:41,760 AMERICANS HAS SOME UNIQUE 3858 02:38:41,760 --> 02:38:43,200 STRESSORS ASSOCIATED WITH IT AND 3859 02:38:43,200 --> 02:38:45,280 IT'S LESS STABLE AND LESS SECURE 3860 02:38:45,280 --> 02:38:47,880 AND THAT SAYING LET'S CALL IT 3861 02:38:47,880 --> 02:38:52,280 $100,000, THAT SAME $100,000 FOR 3862 02:38:52,280 --> 02:38:54,320 FIRST-GENERATION BLACK FAMILY IS 3863 02:38:54,320 --> 02:38:56,440 LESS STABLE THAN $100,000 IN A 3864 02:38:56,440 --> 02:38:56,920 WHITE FINANCIALLY. 3865 02:38:56,920 --> 02:39:00,000 ALSO, FOR FIRST-GENERATION BOTH 3866 02:39:00,000 --> 02:39:01,160 EDUCATIONAL AND FINANCIAL 3867 02:39:01,160 --> 02:39:03,080 SUCCESS, THERE ARE OTHER THINGS 3868 02:39:03,080 --> 02:39:09,080 LIKE JOHN HENRY AND SUPER WOMEN 3869 02:39:09,080 --> 02:39:10,240 SYNDROME THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN WHY 3870 02:39:10,240 --> 02:39:12,600 HIGHER EDUCATION AND HIGHER 3871 02:39:12,600 --> 02:39:14,600 INCOME IS PARADOX I CANNILY 3872 02:39:14,600 --> 02:39:16,320 ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RATES OF 3873 02:39:16,320 --> 02:39:23,720 OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. 3874 02:39:23,720 --> 02:39:25,840 I'M HIGHLIGHTING ON THE BOTTOM, 3875 02:39:25,840 --> 02:39:27,760 HE SHOWED WITH DATA AND STUDIES 3876 02:39:27,760 --> 02:39:30,920 THAT FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS, OVER 3877 02:39:30,920 --> 02:39:33,560 EATING IS A RESPONSE TO CHRONIC 3878 02:39:33,560 --> 02:39:34,600 ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRESS 3879 02:39:34,600 --> 02:39:36,120 INCLUDING THE 3880 02:39:36,120 --> 02:39:42,040 FIRST-GENERATIONALITY OF WEALTH. 3881 02:39:42,040 --> 02:39:43,000 ANOTHER REASON WHY PERHAPS 3882 02:39:43,000 --> 02:39:45,000 AFRICAN AMERICANSS HAVE LOST 3883 02:39:45,000 --> 02:39:46,360 LESS WEIGHT AND AS WE'LL GET TO 3884 02:39:46,360 --> 02:39:48,040 IN A FEW MINUTES, HAVE LOWER 3885 02:39:48,040 --> 02:39:49,520 WEIGHT LOSS INTENTIONS IT HAS TO 3886 02:39:49,520 --> 02:39:51,560 DO WITH THE IDEAL BODY IMAGE. 3887 02:39:51,560 --> 02:39:53,720 THE DATA OF THIS IS SOMETIMES 3888 02:39:53,720 --> 02:39:54,720 EXAGGERATED AND THERE'S A 3889 02:39:54,720 --> 02:39:57,720 DIFFERENCE IN IDEAL BODY TYPES. 3890 02:39:57,720 --> 02:40:00,880 BUT IT'S MODEST SO WHEN YOU LOOK 3891 02:40:00,880 --> 02:40:03,280 AT CLASSIC NINE-PERSON 3892 02:40:03,280 --> 02:40:04,560 CONTINUUM, OVER ALL ACROSS 3893 02:40:04,560 --> 02:40:07,120 STUDIES INCLUDING OUR OWN, 3894 02:40:07,120 --> 02:40:09,600 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WHITES ARE 3895 02:40:09,600 --> 02:40:11,160 ONE TO ONE AND A HALF POINTS OFF 3896 02:40:11,160 --> 02:40:14,360 SO THE RED BOX IS THE IDEAL PREF 3897 02:40:14,360 --> 02:40:14,640 PRESENCE. 3898 02:40:14,640 --> 02:40:16,360 THREE TO FOUR WHITE FOLKS, MEN 3899 02:40:16,360 --> 02:40:19,520 AND WOMEN CHOSE AND AFRICAN 3900 02:40:19,520 --> 02:40:20,840 AMERICANS FOLKS CHOSE IMAGE ONE 3901 02:40:20,840 --> 02:40:22,480 TO ONE AND A HALF FIGURES TO THE 3902 02:40:22,480 --> 02:40:22,720 RIGHT. 3903 02:40:22,720 --> 02:40:26,280 BUT THIS NONE THE LESS DOES 3904 02:40:26,280 --> 02:40:28,760 IMPACT MOTIVATION TO LOSE 3905 02:40:28,760 --> 02:40:29,000 WEIGHT. 3906 02:40:29,000 --> 02:40:30,760 ANOTHER WAY TO SAY IT, IF YOU 3907 02:40:30,760 --> 02:40:33,000 LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 3908 02:40:33,000 --> 02:40:35,240 BLACKS AND WHITES AS BMI GOES 3909 02:40:35,240 --> 02:40:41,000 UP, YOU SEE THAT FOR WHITE 3910 02:40:41,000 --> 02:40:43,040 ADULTS SELF-ESTEEM OR PHYSICAL 3911 02:40:43,040 --> 02:40:44,560 SELF-ESTEEM GOES DOWN. 3912 02:40:44,560 --> 02:40:46,680 FOR BLACK ADULTS THERE'S LITTLE 3913 02:40:46,680 --> 02:40:51,040 IMPACT ON LOW TO HIRE BMI ON 3914 02:40:51,040 --> 02:40:52,000 PHYSICAL SELF-ESTEEM. 3915 02:40:52,000 --> 02:40:53,680 YOU MAY SAY WHAT ARE THE 3916 02:40:53,680 --> 02:40:54,760 INTERVENTION IMPLICATIONS AND 3917 02:40:54,760 --> 02:40:56,480 WE'LL GET INTO IT BUT THIS 3918 02:40:56,480 --> 02:40:58,240 SUGGESTS THAT THINNESS AND 3919 02:40:58,240 --> 02:40:59,760 APPEARANCE WOULD BE 3920 02:40:59,760 --> 02:41:01,400 DE-EMPHASIZED IN AN AFRICAN 3921 02:41:01,400 --> 02:41:02,840 AMERICAN CULTURALLY TAILORED 3922 02:41:02,840 --> 02:41:08,360 WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTION. 3923 02:41:08,360 --> 02:41:11,080 ANOTHER WAY TO LOOK AT THE DATA, 3924 02:41:11,080 --> 02:41:12,440 OVERWEIGHT BLACK MEN AND WOMEN. 3925 02:41:12,440 --> 02:41:14,120 IT FOUND IS AFRICAN AMERICAN 3926 02:41:14,120 --> 02:41:15,800 WOMEN WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS 3927 02:41:15,800 --> 02:41:17,720 LIKELY TO FEEL GUILTY AFTER 3928 02:41:17,720 --> 02:41:21,040 EATING THREE TIMES MORE LIKELY 3929 02:41:21,040 --> 02:41:22,680 TO STILL FEEL ATTRACTIVE 3930 02:41:22,680 --> 02:41:23,400 ADJUSTING FOR WEIGHT AND 3931 02:41:23,400 --> 02:41:25,440 EDUCATION AND THEY WERE THREE 3932 02:41:25,440 --> 02:41:26,720 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO SAY THEY 3933 02:41:26,720 --> 02:41:28,880 WERE STILL ATTRACTIVE. 3934 02:41:28,880 --> 02:41:30,280 MOTIVATION IS AN INTERESTING 3935 02:41:30,280 --> 02:41:32,800 VARIABLE FOR US. 3936 02:41:32,800 --> 02:41:34,320 SO IT TURNS OUT WHEN YOU LOOK AT 3937 02:41:34,320 --> 02:41:35,640 MOST NATIONAL STUDIES INCLUDING 3938 02:41:35,640 --> 02:41:37,440 THIS ONE AMONGST THE LARGEST, 3939 02:41:37,440 --> 02:41:41,280 AFRICAN AMERICANS ADJUSTING FOR 3940 02:41:41,280 --> 02:41:44,360 EDUCATION AND ADJUSTING FOR AGE 3941 02:41:44,360 --> 02:41:46,160 ARE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS LIKELY TO 3942 02:41:46,160 --> 02:41:48,200 SAY THEY WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT 3943 02:41:48,200 --> 02:41:49,480 THAN WHITES AND THIS MAY BE 3944 02:41:49,480 --> 02:41:52,560 BECAUSE WE EMPHASIZE 3945 02:41:52,560 --> 02:41:53,360 ATTRACTIVENESS, THINNESS AND 3946 02:41:53,360 --> 02:41:54,920 OTHER THINGS IN OUR WEIGHT LOSS 3947 02:41:54,920 --> 02:41:57,080 PROGRAMS THIS MAY BE LESS OF 3948 02:41:57,080 --> 02:41:57,880 ANNA TRACTION TO AFRICAN 3949 02:41:57,880 --> 02:41:58,160 AMERICANS. 3950 02:41:58,160 --> 02:42:00,880 SO IT MAY NOT BE AN INHERENT 3951 02:42:00,880 --> 02:42:02,480 LOWER DRIVE, IT MAY BE THAT THE 3952 02:42:02,480 --> 02:42:06,320 REASONS FOR WEIGHT LOSS ARE 3953 02:42:06,320 --> 02:42:06,920 DIFFERENT. 3954 02:42:06,920 --> 02:42:09,320 A REALLY NICE STUDY THAT STARTS 3955 02:42:09,320 --> 02:42:12,640 AGAIN TO I THINK VERY PRACTICAL 3956 02:42:12,640 --> 02:42:14,960 IMPLICATIONS WAS DALIA SMITH'S 3957 02:42:14,960 --> 02:42:16,160 ANALYSIS OF THE LOOK AHEAD 3958 02:42:16,160 --> 02:42:16,480 TRIAL. 3959 02:42:16,480 --> 02:42:17,960 NOW, A LOT OF FOLKS SAY THAT 3960 02:42:17,960 --> 02:42:19,680 LOWER INCOME, LOWER 3961 02:42:19,680 --> 02:42:21,360 SOCIOECONOMIC PARTICIPANTS HAVE 3962 02:42:21,360 --> 02:42:22,920 HIGHER DROP OUT RATES AND LOWER 3963 02:42:22,920 --> 02:42:23,760 ENGAGEMENT RATES. 3964 02:42:23,760 --> 02:42:25,760 THAT WAS NOT TRUE IN LOOK AHEAD. 3965 02:42:25,760 --> 02:42:28,160 SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBER OF 3966 02:42:28,160 --> 02:42:28,920 SESSIONS A ENDED, LET'S START 3967 02:42:28,920 --> 02:42:31,480 WITH MEN FIRST. 3968 02:42:31,480 --> 02:42:33,880 THE EXPECTED NUMBER OF SESSIONS 3969 02:42:33,880 --> 02:42:36,280 WAS 42, WELL IT WAS 38 FOR WHITE 3970 02:42:36,280 --> 02:42:38,520 MEN AND 37 FOR BLACK MEN NO 3971 02:42:38,520 --> 02:42:38,880 DIFFERENCE. 3972 02:42:38,880 --> 02:42:41,960 AND FOR WOMEN, THE EXACT SAME. 3973 02:42:41,960 --> 02:42:44,360 37, 37, AND THAT IS TRUE AS YOU 3974 02:42:44,360 --> 02:42:46,880 WENT ON TO YEARS TWO THROUGH 3975 02:42:46,880 --> 02:42:48,880 YEAR EIGHT THAT THERE WAS REALLY 3976 02:42:48,880 --> 02:42:52,720 NO DIFFERENCE IN ATTENDANCE SO 3977 02:42:52,720 --> 02:42:57,480 ENGAGEMENT CANNOT BE OFFERED BY 3978 02:42:57,480 --> 02:42:58,040 RACE. 3979 02:42:58,040 --> 02:43:00,440 HOWEVER, THE BEHAVIORAL 3980 02:43:00,440 --> 02:43:01,720 STRATEGIES USED WERE QUITE 3981 02:43:01,720 --> 02:43:02,120 DIFFERENT. 3982 02:43:02,120 --> 02:43:04,640 SO ONE OF THE PRIMARY BEHAVIORAL 3983 02:43:04,640 --> 02:43:07,240 STRATEGIES IN THESE WEIGHT LOSS 3984 02:43:07,240 --> 02:43:09,080 TRIALS IS SELF-MONITORING AND 3985 02:43:09,080 --> 02:43:10,480 SELF-MANAGING WHICH IS DAILY 3986 02:43:10,480 --> 02:43:10,880 WEIGHING. 3987 02:43:10,880 --> 02:43:12,880 BOTH AT BASELINE 13 AND 8, BUT 3988 02:43:12,880 --> 02:43:15,720 MORE IMPORTANT AS THE STUDY WENT 3989 02:43:15,720 --> 02:43:16,960 ON, 39 AND 36. 3990 02:43:16,960 --> 02:43:18,920 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN WERE FAR 3991 02:43:18,920 --> 02:43:22,000 LESS LIKELY TO DO DAILY 3992 02:43:22,000 --> 02:43:22,480 WEIGHING. 3993 02:43:22,480 --> 02:43:23,320 MAYBE BECAUSE THEY'RE LOSING 3994 02:43:23,320 --> 02:43:24,760 LESS WEIGHT AND BECAUSE YOU ARE 3995 02:43:24,760 --> 02:43:26,560 LOSING LESS WEIGHT THE SCALE IS 3996 02:43:26,560 --> 02:43:28,800 LESS REINFORCING 3997 02:43:28,800 --> 02:43:29,400 PSYCHOLOGICALLY, IT'S COMING NOT 3998 02:43:29,400 --> 02:43:30,400 INDICATED BUT THEY WERE LESS 3999 02:43:30,400 --> 02:43:32,320 LIKELY TO USE THIS 4000 02:43:32,320 --> 02:43:33,280 EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGY AND THE 4001 02:43:33,280 --> 02:43:37,280 SAME DIFFERENCE IS TO LOOK AT 4002 02:43:37,280 --> 02:43:39,520 MAN 42 VERSE 30, STRONG 4003 02:43:39,520 --> 02:43:42,320 DIFFERENCES IN ONE KEY 4004 02:43:42,320 --> 02:43:42,760 BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY. 4005 02:43:42,760 --> 02:43:46,720 HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THIS? 4006 02:43:46,720 --> 02:43:49,840 SHOULD WE DISCOURAGE USE OF 4007 02:43:49,840 --> 02:43:51,520 WEIGHTING OR COME UP WITH WEIGHS 4008 02:43:51,520 --> 02:43:52,280 TO USE IT. 4009 02:43:52,280 --> 02:43:54,760 IT'S THE CLASSIC DILEMMA WE FACE 4010 02:43:54,760 --> 02:43:56,040 AS BEHAVIORAL RESEARCHERS WHEN 4011 02:43:56,040 --> 02:43:58,200 WE IDENTIFY THESE DIFFERENCES. 4012 02:43:58,200 --> 02:44:00,200 NOW THERE'S SOME BIOLOGICAL 4013 02:44:00,200 --> 02:44:02,080 DIFFERENCE THAT'S ARE IMPORTANT 4014 02:44:02,080 --> 02:44:04,320 MEDICALLY BUT DON'T GIVE US A 4015 02:44:04,320 --> 02:44:05,840 LOT BEHAVIORALLY SO THERE'S 4016 02:44:05,840 --> 02:44:07,040 SEVERAL STUDIES THAT SHOW THAT 4017 02:44:07,040 --> 02:44:08,720 AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE LOWER 4018 02:44:08,720 --> 02:44:13,640 RESTING METABOLIC RATE. 4019 02:44:13,640 --> 02:44:16,600 THIS IS NOT ALTER OUR BEHAVIORAL 4020 02:44:16,600 --> 02:44:17,720 MESSAGES VERY MUCH AND IT COULD 4021 02:44:17,720 --> 02:44:18,960 BE DISCOURAGING AND SOMETHING WE 4022 02:44:18,960 --> 02:44:20,600 WANT TO DE-EMPHASIZE. 4023 02:44:20,600 --> 02:44:22,720 ON THE OTHER HAND, ANOTHER 4024 02:44:22,720 --> 02:44:26,000 BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION HAS 4025 02:44:26,000 --> 02:44:27,160 TREMENDOUS IMPLICATIONS AND 4026 02:44:27,160 --> 02:44:28,600 THERE'S SOME DATA, ALTHOUGH THE 4027 02:44:28,600 --> 02:44:32,880 BEST WAY TO TEST IT IS WITH 4028 02:44:32,880 --> 02:44:35,720 NEONATAL TASTING STUDIES. 4029 02:44:35,720 --> 02:44:36,960 THERE'S A SIGNAL THAT AFRICAN 4030 02:44:36,960 --> 02:44:40,240 AMERICAN ADULTS PREFER SWEETER 4031 02:44:40,240 --> 02:44:40,600 FOODS. 4032 02:44:40,600 --> 02:44:42,560 IF THAT IS TRUE, THERE'S 4033 02:44:42,560 --> 02:44:44,880 TREMENDOUS INTERVENTIONS 4034 02:44:44,880 --> 02:44:45,240 IMPLICATIONS. 4035 02:44:45,240 --> 02:44:46,760 EVEN WITHIN THE BIOLOGIC 4036 02:44:46,760 --> 02:44:47,960 DIFFERENCES, SOME OF THE 4037 02:44:47,960 --> 02:44:49,880 BIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS LEND 4038 02:44:49,880 --> 02:44:51,280 THEMSELVES TO TAYLOR MESSAGING 4039 02:44:51,280 --> 02:44:53,880 AND DON'T. 4040 02:44:53,880 --> 02:44:56,200 DOES TAILORING ON THESE 4041 02:44:56,200 --> 02:44:57,520 INTERVENTIONS TARGETS MATTER? 4042 02:44:57,520 --> 02:44:58,720 WELL THE GENERAL ANSWER IS YES. 4043 02:44:58,720 --> 02:45:01,320 WHEN YOU LOOK AT CULTURALLY 4044 02:45:01,320 --> 02:45:03,520 TAILORS INTERVENTIONS IN GENERAL 4045 02:45:03,520 --> 02:45:05,360 THEY'VE DONE BETTER THAN 4046 02:45:05,360 --> 02:45:06,560 INTERVENTIONS THAT DON'T TAKE 4047 02:45:06,560 --> 02:45:07,640 THESE DIFFERENCES INTO ACCOUNT. 4048 02:45:07,640 --> 02:45:09,760 I WILL GIVE YOU A BETTER EXAMPLE 4049 02:45:09,760 --> 02:45:11,920 FROM MONICA WEB HOOPER THAT 4050 02:45:11,920 --> 02:45:13,680 REALLY SHOWS THAT CULTURAL 4051 02:45:13,680 --> 02:45:14,760 TAILORING MATTERS. 4052 02:45:14,760 --> 02:45:18,600 SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE 4053 02:45:18,600 --> 02:45:20,280 CULTURALLY TAILORED IMPLICATIONS 4054 02:45:20,280 --> 02:45:23,560 OF WHAT THESE BEHAVIORAL 4055 02:45:23,560 --> 02:45:24,040 OBSERVATIONS LEAD TO. 4056 02:45:24,040 --> 02:45:26,280 WE WANT TO USE STRESS COPING AS 4057 02:45:26,280 --> 02:45:27,600 THE CORE OF WEIGHT CONTROL. 4058 02:45:27,600 --> 02:45:29,120 A FEW PEOPLE LOOKED AT THAT. 4059 02:45:29,120 --> 02:45:31,920 WE WANT TO EMPHASIZE A FEW 4060 02:45:31,920 --> 02:45:32,960 PEOPLE BUT NOT ENOUGH HAVE 4061 02:45:32,960 --> 02:45:34,320 WORKED AT THAT. 4062 02:45:34,320 --> 02:45:35,960 LINKING THE MOTIVATION MORE TO 4063 02:45:35,960 --> 02:45:37,720 HEALTH AND FITNESS OR BEING 4064 02:45:37,720 --> 02:45:39,000 TIGHT OR THICK VERSUS THIN. 4065 02:45:39,000 --> 02:45:40,320 A LITTLE BIT OF WORK HAS BEEN 4066 02:45:40,320 --> 02:45:41,760 DONE ON THAT BUT NOT ENOUGH. 4067 02:45:41,760 --> 02:45:43,840 AND AS WE SAW EARLIER, WE HAVE 4068 02:45:43,840 --> 02:45:45,160 TO MAYBE DESIGNING UNIQUE 4069 02:45:45,160 --> 02:45:46,440 INTERVENTIONS FOR MIDDLE AND 4070 02:45:46,440 --> 02:45:47,960 UPPER MIDDLE INCOME AFRICAN 4071 02:45:47,960 --> 02:45:49,040 AMERICANS THAT ADDRESS 4072 02:45:49,040 --> 02:45:51,240 GENERATIONAL TEE OF WEALTH. 4073 02:45:51,240 --> 02:45:52,840 NOW, I WANT TO MOVE ONTO THE 4074 02:45:52,840 --> 02:45:56,000 SECOND EXAMPLE AND THAT IS 4075 02:45:56,000 --> 02:45:56,240 SMOKING. 4076 02:45:56,240 --> 02:46:01,600 THIS IS, I THINK, A VERY 4077 02:46:01,600 --> 02:46:05,600 EXCELLENT EX 'EM PAR FOR THE 4078 02:46:05,600 --> 02:46:06,520 BEHAVIORAL LENS IS VERY 4079 02:46:06,520 --> 02:46:08,760 DIFFERENT HERE THAN THE 'EM DEEM 4080 02:46:08,760 --> 02:46:12,880 EPIDEMIOLOGIC ONE. 4081 02:46:12,880 --> 02:46:14,000 AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE A POINT 4082 02:46:14,000 --> 02:46:16,080 AHEAD OF WHITE AND IF WE SAY 4083 02:46:16,080 --> 02:46:17,640 PREVALENCE SHOULD DRIVER OUR 4084 02:46:17,640 --> 02:46:19,520 DISPARITY AGENDA WE WOULD SAY 4085 02:46:19,520 --> 02:46:21,080 THERE'S NOT A HUGE DISPARITY 4086 02:46:21,080 --> 02:46:21,280 HERE. 4087 02:46:21,280 --> 02:46:22,240 OF COURSE YOU CAN SAY THERE'S 4088 02:46:22,240 --> 02:46:24,160 ONE HERE BUT I'M FOCUSING ON 4089 02:46:24,160 --> 02:46:27,280 BLACK AND WHITE DIFFERENCES. 4090 02:46:27,280 --> 02:46:28,440 SIMILARLY, LUNG CANCER DEATH 4091 02:46:28,440 --> 02:46:30,080 RATES IN THE U.S. ARE THE SAME 4092 02:46:30,080 --> 02:46:30,680 BLACK AND WHITE. 4093 02:46:30,680 --> 02:46:32,680 IF YOU LOOK AT SMOKING 4094 02:46:32,680 --> 02:46:34,440 PREVALENCE OR LUNG CANCER 4095 02:46:34,440 --> 02:46:36,120 MORTALITY, THERE'S NOT A BIG 4096 02:46:36,120 --> 02:46:38,480 DISPARITY IF WE LET THE 4097 02:46:38,480 --> 02:46:39,760 EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA DRIVE OUR 4098 02:46:39,760 --> 02:46:40,120 AGENDA. 4099 02:46:40,120 --> 02:46:42,160 THERE ARE SOME DIFFERENCES IN 4100 02:46:42,160 --> 02:46:45,440 LUNG CANCER DEATHS THAT ARE 4101 02:46:45,440 --> 02:46:46,760 IMPORTANT BUT AGAIN FROM A 4102 02:46:46,760 --> 02:46:48,280 MESSAGING PERSPECTIVE THEY DON'T 4103 02:46:48,280 --> 02:46:49,200 HELP US VERY MUCH. 4104 02:46:49,200 --> 02:46:50,920 AT LIGHTER LEVELS OF SMOKING AT 4105 02:46:50,920 --> 02:46:52,920 10 CIGARETTES A DAY AFRICAN 4106 02:46:52,920 --> 02:46:54,600 AMERICANS HAVE HIGHER RATES OF 4107 02:46:54,600 --> 02:46:55,840 LUNG CANCER THAN WHITES. 4108 02:46:55,840 --> 02:46:58,720 NOW IN ITS SELF, THAT'S NOT A 4109 02:46:58,720 --> 02:46:59,880 SALIENT MESSAGE IN OUR 4110 02:46:59,880 --> 02:47:00,880 EXPERIENCE ALTHOUGH IT'S 4111 02:47:00,880 --> 02:47:03,680 INTERESTING AND CAN EFFECT HOW 4112 02:47:03,680 --> 02:47:05,120 WE ALLOCATE RESOURCES. 4113 02:47:05,120 --> 02:47:09,480 FROM A PURELY EPI FEMALE LOGIC 4114 02:47:09,480 --> 02:47:10,520 SURVIVAL DISEASE BURDEN THERE'S 4115 02:47:10,520 --> 02:47:13,440 NOT A LOT OF DISPARITY HERE. 4116 02:47:13,440 --> 02:47:15,680 HOWEVER, THERE ARE, FROM A 4117 02:47:15,680 --> 02:47:18,960 HEALTH COMP PERSPECTIVE, MASSIVE 4118 02:47:18,960 --> 02:47:20,280 DIFFERENCES IN HOW SMOKING 4119 02:47:20,280 --> 02:47:23,360 DEVELOPS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, 4120 02:47:23,360 --> 02:47:26,200 HOW THE TRAJECTORY OF SMOKING 4121 02:47:26,200 --> 02:47:27,160 AND HOW AFRICAN AMERICANS QUIT. 4122 02:47:27,160 --> 02:47:29,080 I'LL GO THROUGH A FEW OF THOSE 4123 02:47:29,080 --> 02:47:31,240 AND IN EVERY CASE, THESE HAVE 4124 02:47:31,240 --> 02:47:32,960 MAJOR IMPLICATIONS FOR 4125 02:47:32,960 --> 02:47:34,160 INTERVENTIONS SO THE FIRST ONE 4126 02:47:34,160 --> 02:47:35,240 IS AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE THREE 4127 02:47:35,240 --> 02:47:38,280 TO EIGHT TIMES MORE LIKELY TO 4128 02:47:38,280 --> 02:47:39,000 SMOKE MENTHOL CIGARETTES AND 4129 02:47:39,000 --> 02:47:41,400 IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR 25 YEARS. 4130 02:47:41,400 --> 02:47:43,160 YOU MAY SAY WHO CARES, ISN'T 4131 02:47:43,160 --> 02:47:44,040 THAT JUST A DIFFERENCE OF 4132 02:47:44,040 --> 02:47:46,800 WHETHER OR NOT YOU LIKE VANILLA 4133 02:47:46,800 --> 02:47:48,240 OR CHOCOLATE ICE CREAM. 4134 02:47:48,240 --> 02:47:48,400 NO. 4135 02:47:48,400 --> 02:47:50,880 THE WAY THAT MENTHOL IS MARKETED 4136 02:47:50,880 --> 02:47:53,560 IS DIFFERENT AND IMPACTS 4137 02:47:53,560 --> 02:47:54,760 INTERVENTION RECEPTIVITY AND 4138 02:47:54,760 --> 02:47:56,080 WHAT DO WE MEAN? 4139 02:47:56,080 --> 02:47:58,920 THIS IS HOUR OUT NUMBER ONE NON 4140 02:47:58,920 --> 02:47:59,840 MENTHOL CIGARETTE IS SMOKED. 4141 02:47:59,840 --> 02:48:00,960 IS THERE ANYTHING THAT MAY NOT 4142 02:48:00,960 --> 02:48:02,240 BE THAT APPEALING TO AFRICAN 4143 02:48:02,240 --> 02:48:02,680 AMERICANS? 4144 02:48:02,680 --> 02:48:04,360 I CAN'T SEE YOUR FACES I'M 4145 02:48:04,360 --> 02:48:06,040 GUESSING YOUR CHUCKLING. 4146 02:48:06,040 --> 02:48:09,560 SO INSTEAD THEY MARKET MENTHOL 4147 02:48:09,560 --> 02:48:09,880 DIFFERENTLY. 4148 02:48:09,880 --> 02:48:14,240 THIS IS A WONDERFUL STUDY LOOKED 4149 02:48:14,240 --> 02:48:17,560 AT HOW MENTHOL IS MARKETED. 4150 02:48:17,560 --> 02:48:19,760 IT'S A CELEBRATORY CULTURALLY 4151 02:48:19,760 --> 02:48:21,760 ACTIVE EVENT. 4152 02:48:21,760 --> 02:48:23,320 YOU ARE AROUND MUSIC, SPORTS, 4153 02:48:23,320 --> 02:48:25,480 FRIENDS IT'S NOT THE LOAN COWBOY 4154 02:48:25,480 --> 02:48:28,200 IN MONTANA IT'S ALSO MARKETED 4155 02:48:28,200 --> 02:48:29,600 INDIRECTLY AS LESS HARMFUL 4156 02:48:29,600 --> 02:48:31,120 ALTHOUGH THEY DON'T DIRECTLY SAY 4157 02:48:31,120 --> 02:48:33,160 IT AND THEY IMPLY IT BY HAVING 4158 02:48:33,160 --> 02:48:36,560 THEM DO SPORTS. 4159 02:48:36,560 --> 02:48:40,120 SO THIS IS A ACCURATE WAY TO 4160 02:48:40,120 --> 02:48:40,880 MARKET MENTHOL CIGARETTES TO 4161 02:48:40,880 --> 02:48:43,680 AFRICAN AMERICANS. 4162 02:48:43,680 --> 02:48:45,280 NOW, BRAND IN ITS SELF IS 4163 02:48:45,280 --> 02:48:46,840 PROBABLY NOT THE KEY OBSERVATION 4164 02:48:46,840 --> 02:48:48,360 THAT CHANGES OUR MESSAGING BUT 4165 02:48:48,360 --> 02:48:50,880 LET'S GET INTO SOME OF THE MORE 4166 02:48:50,880 --> 02:48:53,920 DEEP BEHAVIORAL TOPOGRAPHY OF 4167 02:48:53,920 --> 02:48:54,280 SMOKING. 4168 02:48:54,280 --> 02:48:56,320 FIRST OF ALL WHEN YOU ASK WHITE 4169 02:48:56,320 --> 02:48:58,680 AND BLACK ADULTS TO SMOKE 4170 02:48:58,680 --> 02:49:00,160 MENTHOL AND NON MENTHOL 4171 02:49:00,160 --> 02:49:03,080 CIGARETTES OVER ALL, WHEN 4172 02:49:03,080 --> 02:49:04,280 PARTICIPANTS SMOKE MEN THAT WILL 4173 02:49:04,280 --> 02:49:07,040 THEY TAKE BIGGER AND LONGER 4174 02:49:07,040 --> 02:49:08,560 PUFFS AND IT MAY RESULT IN 4175 02:49:08,560 --> 02:49:17,400 INHALING MORE CARCINOMA OWE CAR. 4176 02:49:17,400 --> 02:49:18,720 MENTHOL SMOKERS WHAT WAIT LESS 4177 02:49:18,720 --> 02:49:19,680 TIME FOR CIGARETTES. 4178 02:49:19,680 --> 02:49:21,320 THEY MAY BE MORE ADDICTED. 4179 02:49:21,320 --> 02:49:23,200 I'M NOT GOING TO GET INTO THE 4180 02:49:23,200 --> 02:49:24,720 WORK BUT THERE'S PRETTY GOOD 4181 02:49:24,720 --> 02:49:29,880 DATA FROM HIS STUDY THAT MOST 4182 02:49:29,880 --> 02:49:34,160 MEDICATIONS, BE IT ZIBAN AND 4183 02:49:34,160 --> 02:49:35,960 CHANTEXT ARE LESS EFFECTIVE WITH 4184 02:49:35,960 --> 02:49:39,200 MAN TMENTHOL SMOKERS. 4185 02:49:39,200 --> 02:49:42,440 OVER ALL IT SEEMS TO BE PROBABLY 4186 02:49:42,440 --> 02:49:43,000 A MENTHOL EFFECT. 4187 02:49:43,000 --> 02:49:45,320 AS WE SAID, IT'S NOT A HARMLESS 4188 02:49:45,320 --> 02:49:48,000 THING THAT BECAUSE PERHAPS OF 4189 02:49:48,000 --> 02:49:50,720 THE NUMBING SECESSION OR THE 4190 02:49:50,720 --> 02:49:51,800 PERCEPTION THAT MENTHOL 4191 02:49:51,800 --> 02:49:53,200 CIGARETTES ARE LESS HARMFUL THAT 4192 02:49:53,200 --> 02:49:56,600 AFRICAN AMERICAN SMOKERS INHALE 4193 02:49:56,600 --> 02:49:59,520 MORE CARCINOGENS PER PUFF. 4194 02:49:59,520 --> 02:50:01,600 IF YOU LOOK AT THE MARKETING 4195 02:50:01,600 --> 02:50:02,800 IT'S DIFFERENT BY PLACE. 4196 02:50:02,800 --> 02:50:04,680 AFRICAN AMERICAN RESPONDENTS 4197 02:50:04,680 --> 02:50:06,360 HERE, ALTHOUGH THIS IS A SMALL 4198 02:50:06,360 --> 02:50:09,240 SAMPLE OF WHITE MENTHOL SMOKERS, 4199 02:50:09,240 --> 02:50:12,840 THEY REALLY FEEL THAT MENTHOL 4200 02:50:12,840 --> 02:50:14,840 CIGARETTES ARE MORE INHALE-ABLE. 4201 02:50:14,840 --> 02:50:16,240 PARTICULARLY IF YOU SEE AFRICAN 4202 02:50:16,240 --> 02:50:17,720 AMERICANS VERSUS WHITE 4203 02:50:17,720 --> 02:50:18,040 RESPONDENTS. 4204 02:50:18,040 --> 02:50:20,280 THIS MAY BE DRIVING OR 4205 02:50:20,280 --> 02:50:22,640 INTERACTING WITH THE NUMBING 4206 02:50:22,640 --> 02:50:24,880 SENSATION TO MAKE THEM HARMFUL 4207 02:50:24,880 --> 02:50:29,120 AND PERHAPS LESS EASY TO REFRAIN 4208 02:50:29,120 --> 02:50:29,320 FROM. 4209 02:50:29,320 --> 02:50:30,120 AFRICAN AMERICANS WE HAVE KNOWN 4210 02:50:30,120 --> 02:50:32,720 FOR A LONG TIME HAVE BEEN 4211 02:50:32,720 --> 02:50:34,360 SMOKING FEWER CIGARETTES AND 4212 02:50:34,360 --> 02:50:36,400 THEY'RE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO BE 4213 02:50:36,400 --> 02:50:38,880 LIGHT AND INTERMITTENT SMOKERS 4214 02:50:38,880 --> 02:50:40,960 AND THERE'S SEVERAL WAY IT'S 4215 02:50:40,960 --> 02:50:47,960 BEEN QUANTIFIED AND THEY LOOK AT 4216 02:50:47,960 --> 02:50:50,560 LITS AND 70% OF BLACK MALE AND 4217 02:50:50,560 --> 02:50:52,840 79% OF BLACK FEMALES ARE LIGHT 4218 02:50:52,840 --> 02:50:55,160 OR OCCASIONAL SMOKERS VERSUS 4219 02:50:55,160 --> 02:50:57,880 HEAVY SMOKERS OR REGULAR SMOKERS 4220 02:50:57,880 --> 02:51:01,920 56% OF WHITE AND 46% OF WHITE 4221 02:51:01,920 --> 02:51:02,320 FEMALES. 4222 02:51:02,320 --> 02:51:04,160 NOW WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF 4223 02:51:04,160 --> 02:51:04,560 THAT? 4224 02:51:04,560 --> 02:51:06,640 WELL THERE'S ONE SORT OF 'EM 4225 02:51:06,640 --> 02:51:07,760 DEEM LOGIC INDICATION IT WAS 4226 02:51:07,760 --> 02:51:09,520 HARD TO RECRUIT AFRICAN 4227 02:51:09,520 --> 02:51:10,680 AMERICANS INTO DRUG TRIALS WHICH 4228 02:51:10,680 --> 02:51:12,440 REQUIRED MORE THAN HALF A PACK A 4229 02:51:12,440 --> 02:51:12,600 DAY. 4230 02:51:12,600 --> 02:51:14,320 BUT IN TERMS OF INTERVENTION, 4231 02:51:14,320 --> 02:51:18,400 THIS IS IN ITS SELF NOT 4232 02:51:18,400 --> 02:51:19,960 NECESSARILY TAILOR ABLE 4233 02:51:19,960 --> 02:51:21,840 OBSERVATION BUT WE'LL GET TO IT 4234 02:51:21,840 --> 02:51:23,040 AS WE DRILL DOWN FURTHER HOW 4235 02:51:23,040 --> 02:51:24,920 THIS AFFECTS INTERVENTION 4236 02:51:24,920 --> 02:51:25,200 RESPONSE. 4237 02:51:25,200 --> 02:51:28,680 AND IN TERMS OF CIGARETTES A DAY 4238 02:51:28,680 --> 02:51:30,560 IT'S 15 FOR WHITES AND 10 FOR 4239 02:51:30,560 --> 02:51:31,720 BLACKS WHICH IS ANOTHER WAY TO 4240 02:51:31,720 --> 02:51:34,720 ROTATE THAT DATA. 4241 02:51:34,720 --> 02:51:37,280 THIS STUDY THAT SHOWED THAT 24% 4242 02:51:37,280 --> 02:51:40,080 OF BLACK SMOKERS ARE A PACK OR 4243 02:51:40,080 --> 02:51:44,440 MORE A DAY VERSUS 48% OF WHITE 4244 02:51:44,440 --> 02:51:45,040 SMOKERS. 4245 02:51:45,040 --> 02:51:46,080 ALSO AFRICAN AMERICAN START 4246 02:51:46,080 --> 02:51:46,480 LATER. 4247 02:51:46,480 --> 02:51:48,200 WHEN YOU LOOK AT EARLY ONSET IN 4248 02:51:48,200 --> 02:51:50,040 AGE OF FIRST CIGARETTE, AFRICAN 4249 02:51:50,040 --> 02:51:51,440 AMERICANS SMOKERS START SMOKING 4250 02:51:51,440 --> 02:51:55,200 ABOUT A YEAR AND A HALF LATER. 4251 02:51:55,200 --> 02:51:56,840 THEY WERE REGULAR SMOKERS ALMOST 4252 02:51:56,840 --> 02:52:00,280 THREE YEARS LATER. 4253 02:52:00,280 --> 02:52:02,760 THIS HAS MAJOR IMPLICATIONS AND 4254 02:52:02,760 --> 02:52:04,280 ONE OF THEM IS FOR PREVENTION. 4255 02:52:04,280 --> 02:52:05,720 IF YOU KNOW THAT AFRICAN 4256 02:52:05,720 --> 02:52:07,600 AMERICAN START A YEAR PLUS 4257 02:52:07,600 --> 02:52:09,960 LATER, IF WE DO SMOKING 4258 02:52:09,960 --> 02:52:11,960 PREVENTION IN ABOUT SEVENTH 4259 02:52:11,960 --> 02:52:13,520 GRADE FOR WHITE STUDENTS, ONE 4260 02:52:13,520 --> 02:52:15,960 COULD ARGUE THAT WE SHOULD 4261 02:52:15,960 --> 02:52:17,560 PERHAPS DO IT A YEAR OR SO LATER 4262 02:52:17,560 --> 02:52:18,320 FOR BLACK STUDENTS. 4263 02:52:18,320 --> 02:52:22,560 I DON'T KNOW ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT 4264 02:52:22,560 --> 02:52:26,520 THAT TAILERS IT BASED ON THIS 4265 02:52:26,520 --> 02:52:26,880 OBSERVATION. 4266 02:52:26,880 --> 02:52:27,680 IT'S VERY INTERESTING THAT 4267 02:52:27,680 --> 02:52:28,880 AFRICAN AMERICAN KIDS, IT'S BEEN 4268 02:52:28,880 --> 02:52:31,480 KNOWN FOR A LONG TIME, EVEN 4269 02:52:31,480 --> 02:52:32,440 BEFORE 2011, I'M JUST SHOWING 4270 02:52:32,440 --> 02:52:34,760 YOU THE TREND, SMOKE IN HIGH 4271 02:52:34,760 --> 02:52:36,800 SCHOOL ABOUT HALF THAT RATE AS 4272 02:52:36,800 --> 02:52:37,440 WHITES. 4273 02:52:37,440 --> 02:52:39,120 NOW, HOW DOES THAT LEAD TO EQUAL 4274 02:52:39,120 --> 02:52:39,840 ADULT RATES? 4275 02:52:39,840 --> 02:52:40,920 WELL THERE'S A COUPLE OF REASONS 4276 02:52:40,920 --> 02:52:42,800 THAT CAN BE THE CASE. 4277 02:52:42,800 --> 02:52:43,760 LATER ONSET. 4278 02:52:43,760 --> 02:52:45,400 SO MANY MORE AFRICAN AMERICAN 4279 02:52:45,400 --> 02:52:46,720 SMOKERS START AFTER HIGH SCHOOL 4280 02:52:46,720 --> 02:52:49,560 BUT ALSO LOWER CESSATION RATES. 4281 02:52:49,560 --> 02:52:51,000 THOSE AND OTHER FACTORS 4282 02:52:51,000 --> 02:52:54,360 CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PA PARADOX 5% 4283 02:52:54,360 --> 02:52:58,000 ARE IN HIGH SCHOOL AND SIMILAR 4284 02:52:58,000 --> 02:52:59,400 PREVALENCE IN ADULTHOOD. 4285 02:52:59,400 --> 02:53:01,040 NOW, I'VE DECIDE NOT TO GO INTO 4286 02:53:01,040 --> 02:53:02,240 THIS JUST BECAUSE OF TIME BUT 4287 02:53:02,240 --> 02:53:04,640 I'M GOING TO SUMMARIZE ABOUT 100 4288 02:53:04,640 --> 02:53:06,040 DIFFERENT STUDIES THAT IN 4289 02:53:06,040 --> 02:53:08,160 GENERAL BLACK SMOKERS ARE EQUAL 4290 02:53:08,160 --> 02:53:09,920 OR GREATER MOTIVATION TO QUIT. 4291 02:53:09,920 --> 02:53:14,640 SO IT'S NOT A MOTIVATIONAL 4292 02:53:14,640 --> 02:53:16,520 ISSUE, HOWEVER, THEY ARE HIGHER 4293 02:53:16,520 --> 02:53:19,080 QUIT RATES THAN BLACK NON 4294 02:53:19,080 --> 02:53:19,720 MENTHOL. 4295 02:53:19,720 --> 02:53:21,040 HOWEVER, IN GENERAL, THEY HAVE 4296 02:53:21,040 --> 02:53:22,560 LOWER SUCCESS. 4297 02:53:22,560 --> 02:53:24,120 NOW WHY THAT IS THE CASE IS 4298 02:53:24,120 --> 02:53:26,560 COMPLICATE AND IT MAY BE BECAUSE 4299 02:53:26,560 --> 02:53:28,040 OF INTERACTION WITH MEDICATION 4300 02:53:28,040 --> 02:53:29,760 AND IT MAY BE BECAUSE MENTHOL IS 4301 02:53:29,760 --> 02:53:31,600 MORE ADDICTIVE AND IT MAY BE 4302 02:53:31,600 --> 02:53:34,600 BECAUSE OF EFFICACY. 4303 02:53:34,600 --> 02:53:36,120 THESE IN ITS SELF DON'T CHANGE 4304 02:53:36,120 --> 02:53:37,320 OUR INTERVENTION STRUCTURE SO I 4305 02:53:37,320 --> 02:53:39,520 WILL MOVE ON TO THINGS THAT DO 4306 02:53:39,520 --> 02:53:41,360 SO FIRST OF ALL, AFRICAN 4307 02:53:41,360 --> 02:53:42,880 AMERICAN KIDS GROW UP IN A VERY 4308 02:53:42,880 --> 02:53:45,720 DIFFERENT TOBACCO SOCIALIZATION 4309 02:53:45,720 --> 02:53:46,160 ENVIRONMENT. 4310 02:53:46,160 --> 02:53:49,720 WHEN YOU LOOK AT BLACK AND WHITE 4311 02:53:49,720 --> 02:53:51,200 PARENTS, THAT'S WHAT THIS IS 4312 02:53:51,200 --> 02:53:52,880 HERE, THEY WERE ASKED ABOUT 4313 02:53:52,880 --> 02:53:53,920 THEIR RULES IN THE HOUSE OR 4314 02:53:53,920 --> 02:53:55,920 THEIR BELIEFS ABOUT PREVENTING 4315 02:53:55,920 --> 02:53:57,240 SMOKING AND WHAT YOU SEE IS VERY 4316 02:53:57,240 --> 02:53:58,680 DIFFERENT BELIEFS. 4317 02:53:58,680 --> 02:54:00,680 PUNISHING KIDS IS NOT GOING TO 4318 02:54:00,680 --> 02:54:01,280 WORK. 4319 02:54:01,280 --> 02:54:02,600 72% OF WHITE PARENTS BELIEVE 4320 02:54:02,600 --> 02:54:07,360 THAT ONLY 22% OF BLACK PARENTS 4321 02:54:07,360 --> 02:54:09,240 BELIEVE THAT. 4322 02:54:09,240 --> 02:54:10,640 50% OF WHITE PARENTS BELIEVE 4323 02:54:10,640 --> 02:54:12,040 THAT AND ONLY 12% OF BLACK 4324 02:54:12,040 --> 02:54:13,360 PARENTS AND IT'S THE SCHOOL'S 4325 02:54:13,360 --> 02:54:15,840 JOB NOT MINE AND 32% OF WHITE 4326 02:54:15,840 --> 02:54:19,400 AND 9% OF BLACK. 4327 02:54:19,400 --> 02:54:20,520 THIS IS A GOOD CASE TO INDICATE 4328 02:54:20,520 --> 02:54:22,480 WE SHOULD ENCOURAGE 4329 02:54:22,480 --> 02:54:23,280 CONVERSATIONS AND ASKING WHITE 4330 02:54:23,280 --> 02:54:24,720 PARENTS TO TALK TO A BLACK 4331 02:54:24,720 --> 02:54:24,920 PARENT. 4332 02:54:24,920 --> 02:54:32,000 WHAT ARE YOU DOING SO WELL IT'S 4333 02:54:32,000 --> 02:54:33,160 REFLECT INSIDE HIGH SCHOOL WITH 4334 02:54:33,160 --> 02:54:36,560 50% LOWER UPTAKE. 4335 02:54:36,560 --> 02:54:38,560 NOW I WANT TO GET INTO DATA THAT 4336 02:54:38,560 --> 02:54:41,480 CHANGES HOW WE TAILOR OR 4337 02:54:41,480 --> 02:54:41,840 INTERVENTION. 4338 02:54:41,840 --> 02:54:43,480 SO WE SURVEYED A COUPLE OF 4339 02:54:43,480 --> 02:54:45,280 THOUSAND PEOPLE A COUPLE YEARS 4340 02:54:45,280 --> 02:54:47,040 BACK AND ASKED THEM TO DAVID 4341 02:54:47,040 --> 02:54:49,640 WILLIAMS EFFORT DISCRIMINATION 4342 02:54:49,640 --> 02:54:51,000 SCALE AND ACHIEVE WHY THAT 4343 02:54:51,000 --> 02:54:54,920 HAPPENED AND IT'S PART OF HIS 4344 02:54:54,920 --> 02:54:56,920 MEASURE AND AND WHAT WE FOUND 4345 02:54:56,920 --> 02:54:59,440 FIRST OF ALL, I TOOK THE SLIDE 4346 02:54:59,440 --> 02:54:59,680 OUT. 4347 02:54:59,680 --> 02:55:01,160 HERE IT IS. 4348 02:55:01,160 --> 02:55:02,760 WE ALSO MEASURED ON FAIRNESS. 4349 02:55:02,760 --> 02:55:04,560 I LOVED THIS IDEA AND I 4350 02:55:04,560 --> 02:55:07,280 ENCOURAGE YOU TO USE IT AND IT 4351 02:55:07,280 --> 02:55:08,680 CAPTURES A LOT OF OUR 4352 02:55:08,680 --> 02:55:09,600 DISPARITIES RESEARCH SO I'M 4353 02:55:09,600 --> 02:55:13,400 GOING TO SHOW YOU THE EFFECTS OF 4354 02:55:13,400 --> 02:55:14,320 UNFAIRNESS AND EVERYDAY 4355 02:55:14,320 --> 02:55:15,480 DISCRIMINATION SO FIRST OF ALL, 4356 02:55:15,480 --> 02:55:20,680 WHEN YOU LOOK AT BLACK VERSUS 4357 02:55:20,680 --> 02:55:25,520 WHITE WE DID WITH DIE NATOSSI WE 4358 02:55:25,520 --> 02:55:26,880 SAW AFRICAN AMERICAN REPORTING 4359 02:55:26,880 --> 02:55:30,640 HIGHER RATES OF INFAIRNESS AND 4360 02:55:30,640 --> 02:55:31,840 DISCRIMINATION AND IT'S NOT 4361 02:55:31,840 --> 02:55:32,120 SURPRISING. 4362 02:55:32,120 --> 02:55:34,200 I WANT TO PUT IN OUR WORK THE 4363 02:55:34,200 --> 02:55:36,680 LAST 10 YEARS, WE KEEP FINDING 4364 02:55:36,680 --> 02:55:38,520 THIS THAT MULTI RACIAL TENDS TO 4365 02:55:38,520 --> 02:55:41,040 BE AS BAD OR WORSE THAN PEOPLE 4366 02:55:41,040 --> 02:55:42,000 IDENTIFIED AS BLACK AND THERE'S 4367 02:55:42,000 --> 02:55:43,840 SOMETHING ABOUT THE MULTI RACIAL 4368 02:55:43,840 --> 02:55:47,560 BY RACIAL GROUP UNDER 4369 02:55:47,560 --> 02:55:47,840 RESEARCHED. 4370 02:55:47,840 --> 02:55:50,040 BRINGING US BACK TO THIS GROUP 4371 02:55:50,040 --> 02:55:50,240 HERE. 4372 02:55:50,240 --> 02:55:52,040 WHAT YOU SEE HERE IS THE 4373 02:55:52,040 --> 02:55:55,920 ASSOCIATION OF HIGH LEVELS OF 4374 02:55:55,920 --> 02:55:57,480 FAIRNESS AND DISCRIMINATION ON 4375 02:55:57,480 --> 02:55:58,440 SMOKING RATES. 4376 02:55:58,440 --> 02:56:01,080 IN EVERY ETHNIC GROUP WE 4377 02:56:01,080 --> 02:56:02,720 MEASURED, THE HIGHER YOUR 4378 02:56:02,720 --> 02:56:04,720 PERCEIVED UNFAIRNESS HIGH VERSUS 4379 02:56:04,720 --> 02:56:06,400 LOW OR THE HIGHER THE EVERYDAY 4380 02:56:06,400 --> 02:56:07,560 WILLIAMS DISCRIMINATION SCORE, 4381 02:56:07,560 --> 02:56:09,360 THE HIGHER YOUR ODDS OF SMOKING. 4382 02:56:09,360 --> 02:56:11,360 HOWEVER, WHAT YOU SEE IS AN 4383 02:56:11,360 --> 02:56:12,200 INTERACTION. 4384 02:56:12,200 --> 02:56:14,160 THE AFFECT OF DISCRIMINATION AND 4385 02:56:14,160 --> 02:56:15,880 UNFAIRNESS IS GREATER 4386 02:56:15,880 --> 02:56:17,160 SIGNIFICANTLY SO IN BLACKS. 4387 02:56:17,160 --> 02:56:19,760 SO UNFAIRNESS IN DISCRIMINATION 4388 02:56:19,760 --> 02:56:21,640 IS A GREATER DETERMINANT OF 4389 02:56:21,640 --> 02:56:23,840 SMOKING IN BLACK FOLKS. 4390 02:56:23,840 --> 02:56:26,480 THE REASONS PEOPLE ATTRIBUTE THE 4391 02:56:26,480 --> 02:56:27,440 DISCRIMINATION IS MUCH 4392 02:56:27,440 --> 02:56:27,720 DIFFERENT. 4393 02:56:27,720 --> 02:56:30,480 FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS NOT 4394 02:56:30,480 --> 02:56:33,680 SURPRISING 87 ATTRIBUTE TODAY 4395 02:56:33,680 --> 02:56:39,520 RACE WHERE FOR MENA37% WERE 4396 02:56:39,520 --> 02:56:39,920 RELIGION. 4397 02:56:39,920 --> 02:56:41,640 IT HAS BEEN KNOWN FOR MANY 4398 02:56:41,640 --> 02:56:43,160 YEARS, BOTH IN STUDIES IN THE 4399 02:56:43,160 --> 02:56:47,600 U.K. AND IN THE U.S., THAT 4400 02:56:47,600 --> 02:56:49,560 PEOPLE WHO REPORT QUITTING. 4401 02:56:49,560 --> 02:56:51,080 THEY WOKE UP AND SAID I'M 4402 02:56:51,080 --> 02:56:52,640 BREAKING UP WITH YOU TOBACCO. 4403 02:56:52,640 --> 02:56:53,920 THEY HAVE BETTER QUIT RATES OR 4404 02:56:53,920 --> 02:56:56,040 LONGER PERIODS OF ABSTINENCE 4405 02:56:56,040 --> 02:56:58,440 BEFORE THEY RELAPSE AND IT'S 4406 02:56:58,440 --> 02:57:00,880 CALLED SPONTANEOUS QUITTING, 4407 02:57:00,880 --> 02:57:02,520 EPIPHANY QUITTING AND 4408 02:57:02,520 --> 02:57:03,640 CATASTROPHIC QUITTING, HOWEVER, 4409 02:57:03,640 --> 02:57:06,080 NONE OF THOSE STUDIES HAD 4410 02:57:06,080 --> 02:57:07,800 SUFFICIENT AFRICAN AMERICANS TO 4411 02:57:07,800 --> 02:57:08,400 SEE WHETHER OR NOT THERE WAS A 4412 02:57:08,400 --> 02:57:09,960 HEALTH BEHAVIOR DIFFERENCE HERE 4413 02:57:09,960 --> 02:57:11,920 BY RACE SO WE OVER SURVEYED 4414 02:57:11,920 --> 02:57:12,960 AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH 4415 02:57:12,960 --> 02:57:14,480 COLLEAGUES AT THE TIME IN 4416 02:57:14,480 --> 02:57:16,360 MINNESOTA AND KANSAS. 4417 02:57:16,360 --> 02:57:17,320 WE FOUND WAS STRIKING. 4418 02:57:17,320 --> 02:57:19,080 WE DID NOT EXPECT THIS. 4419 02:57:19,080 --> 02:57:20,360 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE 4420 02:57:20,360 --> 02:57:21,640 BETWEEN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED 4421 02:57:21,640 --> 02:57:23,040 QUITTING YOU SEE FOR WHITES IT'S 4422 02:57:23,040 --> 02:57:24,480 EXACTLY THE SAME AS OTHER 4423 02:57:24,480 --> 02:57:24,720 STUDIES. 4424 02:57:24,720 --> 02:57:26,840 ON AVERAGE, THE UNPLANNED 4425 02:57:26,840 --> 02:57:31,040 QUITTERS LASTED 103 DAYS FOR 4426 02:57:31,040 --> 02:57:33,120 WHITES VERSUS 58% FOR PLANS. 4427 02:57:33,120 --> 02:57:36,520 SO PLANNED QUITTING HAD WORSE 4428 02:57:36,520 --> 02:57:37,480 OUTCOMES THAN UNPLANNED QUITTING 4429 02:57:37,480 --> 02:57:40,280 SO SUDDEN EPIPHANY QUITTING WAS 4430 02:57:40,280 --> 02:57:42,000 ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER OUTCOMES 4431 02:57:42,000 --> 02:57:42,840 FOR WHITES HOWEVER FOR BLACKS 4432 02:57:42,840 --> 02:57:45,560 THE PATTERN WAS THE OPPOSITE. 4433 02:57:45,560 --> 02:57:47,040 FOR BLACK SMOKERS, PLANNED 4434 02:57:47,040 --> 02:57:48,800 QUITTERS HAD BETTER QUIT RATES 4435 02:57:48,800 --> 02:57:51,240 OR LONGER SUSTAINED ABSTINENCE 4436 02:57:51,240 --> 02:57:51,600 THAN UNPLANNED. 4437 02:57:51,600 --> 02:57:53,520 THIS IS BEEN A ACTUALLY REPORTED 4438 02:57:53,520 --> 02:57:55,280 IN OTHER PAPERS AND IT'S NOT THE 4439 02:57:55,280 --> 02:58:02,840 PRIMARY FINDING AS OTHER PAPERS 4440 02:58:02,840 --> 02:58:03,440 FIND THIS SEPTEMBER 11th I 4441 02:58:03,440 --> 02:58:04,680 WANT TO MOVE ON TO SAY THAT EVEN 4442 02:58:04,680 --> 02:58:06,440 IN THIS STUDY OF NATIONAL 4443 02:58:06,440 --> 02:58:08,240 SMOKING PATTERNS YOU SEE THE 4444 02:58:08,240 --> 02:58:11,000 AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPARED TO 4445 02:58:11,000 --> 02:58:12,320 WHITES ARE SLIGHTLY MOST LIKELY 4446 02:58:12,320 --> 02:58:14,080 TO QUIT ALL AT ONCE. 4447 02:58:14,080 --> 02:58:15,440 WE KNOW THEY'RE LESS SUCCESSFUL 4448 02:58:15,440 --> 02:58:17,320 WHEN THEY DO. 4449 02:58:17,320 --> 02:58:20,320 I WANT TO GET INTO ONE LAST 4450 02:58:20,320 --> 02:58:20,520 TOPIC. 4451 02:58:20,520 --> 02:58:22,240 I THINK IT'S A LITTLE 4452 02:58:22,240 --> 02:58:23,360 CONTROVERSIAL WHEN WE PUBLISH 4453 02:58:23,360 --> 02:58:25,840 THIS LAST YEAR AND WRITTEN TWO 4454 02:58:25,840 --> 02:58:32,000 COMMENTARY ON IT WE GOT BUSH 4455 02:58:32,000 --> 02:58:33,400 PUSH BACK ON REVIEWERS. 4456 02:58:33,400 --> 02:58:37,080 WE DID A TRIAL WITH 204 SMOKERS 4457 02:58:37,080 --> 02:58:38,760 AND THEY WERE RANDOMIZED TO GET 4458 02:58:38,760 --> 02:58:40,520 HEATH EDUCATION AND WE ASSUMED 4459 02:58:40,520 --> 02:58:41,840 HEALTH ED WOULD DO WORSE AND 4460 02:58:41,840 --> 02:58:43,480 THIS WAS THE GOAL STANDARD AND 4461 02:58:43,480 --> 02:58:44,880 THE CONTROL CONDITION AND BOTH 4462 02:58:44,880 --> 02:58:47,360 ARMS AND FOUR SESSIONS AND THE 4463 02:58:47,360 --> 02:58:49,080 MAIN OUTCOME FOR THIS PAPER WAS 4464 02:58:49,080 --> 02:58:53,320 QUIT ATTEMPTED AS YOU MAY KNOW 4465 02:58:53,320 --> 02:58:54,920 IT'S A WAY OF TALK TO GO PEOPLE 4466 02:58:54,920 --> 02:58:58,000 THAT LITTLE IS ITS MOTIVATION 4467 02:58:58,000 --> 02:59:00,040 CONTRACT LESS DIRECTIVE THAN 4468 02:59:00,040 --> 02:59:02,400 HEALTH ED AND IT'S IN THIS CASE 4469 02:59:02,400 --> 02:59:04,600 AND CONSIDERED MORE DIRECTIVE. 4470 02:59:04,600 --> 02:59:07,280 WE HAD A VERY UNANTICIPATED 4471 02:59:07,280 --> 02:59:08,480 FINDING AND FOR AFRICAN 4472 02:59:08,480 --> 02:59:10,000 AMERICANS, SMOKERS IN THIS 4473 02:59:10,000 --> 02:59:11,440 STUDY, WITH THE OUTCOME BEING 4474 02:59:11,440 --> 02:59:13,440 QUIT ATTEMPTS WE DIDN'T HAVE 4475 02:59:13,440 --> 02:59:16,680 ENOUGH QUITTERS TO VERIFY 4476 02:59:16,680 --> 02:59:18,080 CESSATION, AFRICAN AMERICANS DID 4477 02:59:18,080 --> 02:59:19,880 BETTER WITH HEALTH EDUCATION. 4478 02:59:19,880 --> 02:59:21,120 THE NON BLACK WHICH IS WHITE AND 4479 02:59:21,120 --> 02:59:24,520 A FEW ASIAN PARTICIPANTS THAT WE 4480 02:59:24,520 --> 02:59:25,840 AGO AGREE GATED THEY DID BETTER 4481 02:59:25,840 --> 02:59:28,600 WITH AI AND THIS IS A 4482 02:59:28,600 --> 02:59:30,920 SIGNIFICANT FINDING THAT AFRICAN 4483 02:59:30,920 --> 02:59:32,000 AMERICANS IN THIS STUDY DID 4484 02:59:32,000 --> 02:59:33,440 BETTER WITH THE DIRECTIVE 4485 02:59:33,440 --> 02:59:37,280 APPROACH THAN MI AND WE WERE 4486 02:59:37,280 --> 02:59:39,400 ABLE TO IN A PAPER UNDERSTAND 4487 02:59:39,400 --> 02:59:40,600 STATISTICALLY WHAT DROVE THIS 4488 02:59:40,600 --> 02:59:43,080 AND WHAT DROVE THIS WAS A 4489 02:59:43,080 --> 02:59:44,640 PREFERENCE FOR DIRECTIVENESS. 4490 02:59:44,640 --> 02:59:46,240 AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE MORE 4491 02:59:46,240 --> 02:59:47,800 LIKELY TO AGREE WITH THIS ITEM. 4492 02:59:47,800 --> 02:59:50,000 SO THEY HAD HIGHER RATES OF 4493 02:59:50,000 --> 02:59:50,600 AGREEING WITH THIS ITEM. 4494 02:59:50,600 --> 02:59:53,080 THIS IS AN OUR WORLD, A 4495 02:59:53,080 --> 02:59:55,920 PREFERENCE FOR DIRECTIVENESS AND 4496 02:59:55,920 --> 02:59:58,920 WHEN WE ADJUSTED FOR THE 4497 02:59:58,920 --> 03:00:00,480 PREFERENCE FOR DIRECTIVENESS, 4498 03:00:00,480 --> 03:00:02,360 THE RACIAL EFFECT OF MI VERSUS 4499 03:00:02,360 --> 03:00:04,400 HEALTH ED DISAPPEARED. 4500 03:00:04,400 --> 03:00:07,120 THE REASON MI DID WORSE OR 4501 03:00:07,120 --> 03:00:09,240 HEALTH ED DID BETTER IN AFRICAN 4502 03:00:09,240 --> 03:00:11,160 AMERICANS MODERATED FULLY BY THE 4503 03:00:11,160 --> 03:00:12,080 FACT THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS 4504 03:00:12,080 --> 03:00:13,640 SAID, NOT ALL, JUST TELL ME WHAT 4505 03:00:13,640 --> 03:00:16,480 TO DO. 4506 03:00:16,480 --> 03:00:18,000 THIS IS CONSISTENT WHEN WE GO 4507 03:00:18,000 --> 03:00:19,640 INTO THE LITERATURE WITH OTHER 4508 03:00:19,640 --> 03:00:29,280 STUD SKIS THISTUDY.THIS INTERVEI 4509 03:00:29,280 --> 03:00:31,120 INTERVENTION SO AFRICAN 4510 03:00:31,120 --> 03:00:33,400 AMERICANS UNADJUSTED HAD LOWER 4511 03:00:33,400 --> 03:00:35,160 SATISFACTION WITH THE MI 4512 03:00:35,160 --> 03:00:35,680 INTERVENTION. 4513 03:00:35,680 --> 03:00:37,360 THERE ARE TWO QUALITATIVE 4514 03:00:37,360 --> 03:00:39,000 STUDIES THAT SHOWED AFRICAN 4515 03:00:39,000 --> 03:00:40,280 AMERICANS MI TRAINING TAPES AND 4516 03:00:40,280 --> 03:00:42,320 THEY DIDN'T LIKE THE MI SESSION 4517 03:00:42,320 --> 03:00:43,600 THAT THEY VIEWED ON TAPE AND 4518 03:00:43,600 --> 03:00:47,680 THEY LIKED THE CONTROL 4519 03:00:47,680 --> 03:00:49,360 CONDITIONS BETTER. 4520 03:00:49,360 --> 03:00:51,000 IT'S CONSISTENT WITH SURVEY 4521 03:00:51,000 --> 03:00:52,960 RESEARCH THAT WE'VE WRITTEN 4522 03:00:52,960 --> 03:00:56,240 ABOUT WHERE THEY'VE ASKED IF YOU 4523 03:00:56,240 --> 03:00:57,840 WANT TO BE INVOLVING IN DECISION 4524 03:00:57,840 --> 03:00:59,080 MAKE ORGANIZE DO YOU WANT YOUR 4525 03:00:59,080 --> 03:01:00,480 PHYSICIAN TO DIRECT YOUR 4526 03:01:00,480 --> 03:01:01,640 DECISION MAKING AND IT TURNS OUT 4527 03:01:01,640 --> 03:01:03,120 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS 4528 03:01:03,120 --> 03:01:05,320 ARE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO SAY I 4529 03:01:05,320 --> 03:01:08,480 PREFER TO RELY ON MY DOCTOR 4530 03:01:08,480 --> 03:01:10,920 KNOWLEDGE JUST TELL ME WHAT TO 4531 03:01:10,920 --> 03:01:11,200 DO. 4532 03:01:11,200 --> 03:01:14,680 SO IN THAT STUDY THERE WAS A 4533 03:01:14,680 --> 03:01:15,440 GREATER PREF PRESENCE FOR 4534 03:01:15,440 --> 03:01:17,000 AFRICAN AMERICANS TO DELEGATE 4535 03:01:17,000 --> 03:01:20,400 THEIR AUTONOMY BACK TO THIS 4536 03:01:20,400 --> 03:01:20,720 POSITION. 4537 03:01:20,720 --> 03:01:22,120 NOW THERE'S MAJOR IMPLICATIONS 4538 03:01:22,120 --> 03:01:25,480 FOR THESE INTERVENTION TARGETS. 4539 03:01:25,480 --> 03:01:28,680 THE BEST STUDY THAT'S TESTED IT 4540 03:01:28,680 --> 03:01:30,560 IS A BEAUTIFUL STUDY BECAUSE SHE 4541 03:01:30,560 --> 03:01:33,040 USED REALLY THE CORRECT CONTROL 4542 03:01:33,040 --> 03:01:33,480 GROUP. 4543 03:01:33,480 --> 03:01:36,600 HERE SHE COMPARED CBT AND 4544 03:01:36,600 --> 03:01:37,760 EVIDENCE-BASED VERY STRONG COM 4545 03:01:37,760 --> 03:01:40,600 PAR TO BE TO A SIMILAR DOSE OF 4546 03:01:40,600 --> 03:01:42,600 TAILORED CBT SO MERE IS THE 4547 03:01:42,600 --> 03:01:44,600 CULTURALLY TAILORED TOPIC THAT 4548 03:01:44,600 --> 03:01:46,960 WAS INJECTED OR INTER WOVEN INTO 4549 03:01:46,960 --> 03:01:49,560 EACH OF THE ACTB SESSIONS SO A 4550 03:01:49,560 --> 03:01:50,720 RIGOROUS DESIGN AND THESE ARE 4551 03:01:50,720 --> 03:01:52,400 SOME OF THE EXACT TOPICS THAT 4552 03:01:52,400 --> 03:01:55,000 WE'VE TALKED ABOUT TODAY DURING 4553 03:01:55,000 --> 03:01:57,040 OUR BEHAVIOR ALANAL SIS AND WHAT 4554 03:01:57,040 --> 03:01:58,640 SHE SHOWS IS END OF TREATMENT 4555 03:01:58,640 --> 03:02:00,280 AND THREE MONTHS POST. 4556 03:02:00,280 --> 03:02:01,680 THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT 4557 03:02:01,680 --> 03:02:05,840 IN THE CULTURALLY TAILORED ARM. 4558 03:02:05,840 --> 03:02:07,760 THE LAST THING I WANT TO TALK 4559 03:02:07,760 --> 03:02:09,200 ABOUT, TAKE ME ABOUT TWO OR 4560 03:02:09,200 --> 03:02:12,360 THREE MINUTES, THIS IS THE IDEA 4561 03:02:12,360 --> 03:02:16,560 OF INDIVIDUAL TAILORING. 4562 03:02:16,560 --> 03:02:18,680 IN THE LAST FIVE OR 10 MINUTES 4563 03:02:18,680 --> 03:02:19,760 OF THE TALK AND AFRICAN 4564 03:02:19,760 --> 03:02:21,200 AMERICANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SAY 4565 03:02:21,200 --> 03:02:24,400 TELL ME WHAT TO DO AND SAY MY 4566 03:02:24,400 --> 03:02:25,440 PHYSICIAN AND THEY DID BETTER 4567 03:02:25,440 --> 03:02:27,200 WITH MORE DIRECTIVE 4568 03:02:27,200 --> 03:02:28,280 INTERVENTIONS AND I WANT TO SHOW 4569 03:02:28,280 --> 03:02:34,200 YOU HOW CAREFULLY WE HAVE TO BE 4570 03:02:34,200 --> 03:02:35,160 WITH INTERESTING DATA. 4571 03:02:35,160 --> 03:02:36,800 SO HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT WE 4572 03:02:36,800 --> 03:02:38,200 MEAN BY INDIVIDUALLY TAIL 4573 03:02:38,200 --> 03:02:39,400 ORGANIZE INTERVENTIONS. 4574 03:02:39,400 --> 03:02:42,320 THIS IS ONE WE CREATED FOR 4575 03:02:42,320 --> 03:02:44,200 SMOKING CESSATION FOR HIV 4576 03:02:44,200 --> 03:02:45,640 POSITIVE, GAY AND TRANS MEN IN 4577 03:02:45,640 --> 03:02:45,880 DETROIT. 4578 03:02:45,880 --> 03:02:48,160 YOU SEE HERE, THAT WE'RE 4579 03:02:48,160 --> 03:02:51,040 TAILORING BASED ON INDIVIDUAL 4580 03:02:51,040 --> 03:02:53,680 IDENTITY SO HERE BLACK IDENTITY 4581 03:02:53,680 --> 03:02:55,440 IS LOW. 4582 03:02:55,440 --> 03:02:56,600 THEIR INTERNALIZATION IS LOW SO 4583 03:02:56,600 --> 03:02:58,200 THIS IS THE MESSAGE TO THEM IN 4584 03:02:58,200 --> 03:03:00,160 THIS APP WE CREATED. 4585 03:03:00,160 --> 03:03:03,640 HOWEVER, IF YOUR BLACK IDENTITY 4586 03:03:03,640 --> 03:03:08,160 HIGH AND YOUR HIV STIGMA IS HIGH 4587 03:03:08,160 --> 03:03:10,960 YOU NOTICE HOW THE MESSAGE 4588 03:03:10,960 --> 03:03:11,280 CHANGES. 4589 03:03:11,280 --> 03:03:12,720 AND SIMILARLY IF YOU HAVE HIGH 4590 03:03:12,720 --> 03:03:15,680 BLACK IDENTITY, HIGH SEXUAL 4591 03:03:15,680 --> 03:03:16,840 IDENTITY AND DISCRIMINATION YOU 4592 03:03:16,840 --> 03:03:18,360 CAN SEE HOW THE MESSAGE IS 4593 03:03:18,360 --> 03:03:19,760 DIFFERENT THAN LOW 4594 03:03:19,760 --> 03:03:22,480 DISCRIMINATION, LOW IDENTITY. 4595 03:03:22,480 --> 03:03:24,160 IT'S VERY SUBTLE AND YOU WILL 4596 03:03:24,160 --> 03:03:25,760 SAY WILL THIS CREATE AN 4597 03:03:25,760 --> 03:03:26,560 INTERVENTION EFFECT. 4598 03:03:26,560 --> 03:03:27,640 THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL HUNDRED 4599 03:03:27,640 --> 03:03:28,800 MESSAGES SO OVER THE COURSE OF 4600 03:03:28,800 --> 03:03:30,400 THE INTERVENTION, THERE'S A 4601 03:03:30,400 --> 03:03:31,800 PRETTY BIG DIFFERENCE IN HOW THE 4602 03:03:31,800 --> 03:03:33,960 TAILOR MESSAGING MANIFESTED 4603 03:03:33,960 --> 03:03:36,040 DEPENDING ON YOUR ANSWER TO 4604 03:03:36,040 --> 03:03:37,480 BASELINE ITEMS. 4605 03:03:37,480 --> 03:03:39,240 SO, WE ALSO HAVE TAILORED FOR 4606 03:03:39,240 --> 03:03:42,360 AFRICAN AMERICANS SEVERAL 4607 03:03:42,360 --> 03:03:43,520 DIFFERENT INTERVENTION. 4608 03:03:43,520 --> 03:03:45,200 ONE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE AND ONE 4609 03:03:45,200 --> 03:03:47,360 ON COLORECTAL SCREENING. 4610 03:03:47,360 --> 03:03:49,920 THIS IS BASED ON ETHNIC IDENTITY 4611 03:03:49,920 --> 03:03:51,080 AND WE HAVE FOUR TYPES AND THIS 4612 03:03:51,080 --> 03:03:53,320 IS THE MESSAGE IF YOU SCORED 4613 03:03:53,320 --> 03:03:54,840 HIGH ON AFROCENTRIC. 4614 03:03:54,840 --> 03:03:57,080 HERE IS THE MESSAGE IF YOU SCORE 4615 03:03:57,080 --> 03:03:58,200 HIGH ON BLACK AMERICAN. 4616 03:03:58,200 --> 03:03:59,000 TAKE A LOOK. 4617 03:03:59,000 --> 03:04:01,760 HIGH IF YOU SCORE LOW CENTRALITY 4618 03:04:01,760 --> 03:04:04,640 OR WHAT IS CALLED ASSIMILATED 4619 03:04:04,640 --> 03:04:06,600 AND HERE IS THE MULTI CULTURAL. 4620 03:04:06,600 --> 03:04:09,040 THIS IS THE MESSAGE WITH HIGH 4621 03:04:09,040 --> 03:04:09,320 MISTRUST. 4622 03:04:09,320 --> 03:04:11,160 IF THE PERSON SCORED HIGH ON 4623 03:04:11,160 --> 03:04:13,200 SOCIAL, CULTURAL MISTRUST, THEY 4624 03:04:13,200 --> 03:04:15,720 GOT REFERENCED TO IF YOU DID NOT 4625 03:04:15,720 --> 03:04:20,640 SCORE HIGH ON MISTRUST IS YOU 4626 03:04:20,640 --> 03:04:23,160 DID HEAR ABOUT -- LET ME DRIVE 4627 03:04:23,160 --> 03:04:26,120 THOME THIS LAST POINT. 4628 03:04:26,120 --> 03:04:27,440 IF YOU TAKE THIS PAPER THAT WE 4629 03:04:27,440 --> 03:04:29,720 TALKED ABOUT, YOU MIGHT SAY OK, 4630 03:04:29,720 --> 03:04:31,680 SO ALL OUR INTERVENTION SHOULD 4631 03:04:31,680 --> 03:04:33,440 GIVE AFRICAN AMERICANS DIRECTIVE 4632 03:04:33,440 --> 03:04:35,320 MESSAGING AND WE'LL FIX 4633 03:04:35,320 --> 03:04:35,800 DISPARITIES. 4634 03:04:35,800 --> 03:04:39,120 HERE IS THE CAUTIONARY TALE -- 4635 03:04:39,120 --> 03:04:41,200 WE DID A TAILORED FRUIT AND 4636 03:04:41,200 --> 03:04:45,760 VEGETABLE INTERVENTION FOR 4637 03:04:45,760 --> 03:04:47,520 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WE LOOKED 4638 03:04:47,520 --> 03:04:49,040 AT THEIR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE 4639 03:04:49,040 --> 03:04:50,320 INTAKE THREE MONTHS LATER. 4640 03:04:50,320 --> 03:04:51,280 THERE WERE TWO ARMS. 4641 03:04:51,280 --> 03:04:53,320 THE CONTROL ARM GOT BASIC 4642 03:04:53,320 --> 03:04:55,120 TAILORING AND THE INTERVENTION 4643 03:04:55,120 --> 03:04:57,120 ARM WE FURTHER TAILORED ON 4644 03:04:57,120 --> 03:04:58,520 SELF-DETERMINATION OR AUTONOMY 4645 03:04:58,520 --> 03:05:01,000 SUPPORT OR IN EFFECT THE 4646 03:05:01,000 --> 03:05:01,360 VARIABLE. 4647 03:05:01,360 --> 03:05:03,720 HERE IS SOME WAYS THAT THE TWO 4648 03:05:03,720 --> 03:05:04,160 INTERVENTIONS DIFFER. 4649 03:05:04,160 --> 03:05:05,800 THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF PUSH AND 4650 03:05:05,800 --> 03:05:08,240 THIS IS THE CONTROL LANGUAGE. 4651 03:05:08,240 --> 03:05:09,520 YOU HAVE TO BE BETTER IT'S 4652 03:05:09,520 --> 03:05:11,800 IMPORTANT AND THE YOUR DIRECTIVE 4653 03:05:11,800 --> 03:05:13,800 HEALTH ED AND THE MI 4654 03:05:13,800 --> 03:05:14,520 SELF-DETERMINATION TONE THAT IS 4655 03:05:14,520 --> 03:05:16,240 UP TO YOU AND IT'S YOUR CHOICE 4656 03:05:16,240 --> 03:05:19,160 AND HELP YOU SOLVE THE PROBLEM. 4657 03:05:19,160 --> 03:05:21,040 AND THEY GOT TAILORED NEWS 4658 03:05:21,040 --> 03:05:22,560 LETTERS THAT WE PRINTED. 4659 03:05:22,560 --> 03:05:23,160 EVERYONE'S IS DIFFERENT. 4660 03:05:23,160 --> 03:05:24,720 THIS PART IS TAILOR AND THIS 4661 03:05:24,720 --> 03:05:26,480 PART IS TAILORED AND THIS 4662 03:05:26,480 --> 03:05:28,520 HAPPENS TO BE THE NEWSLETTER FOR 4663 03:05:28,520 --> 03:05:30,520 FEMALE AND THE CONTROL CONTINUE 4664 03:05:30,520 --> 03:05:32,280 WHO HAD HIGH IMPORTANCE AND 4665 03:05:32,280 --> 03:05:33,480 CONFIDENCE AND THEN OF COURSE WE 4666 03:05:33,480 --> 03:05:34,920 ASKED THE BASELINE DO YOU WANT 4667 03:05:34,920 --> 03:05:36,960 TO BE TOLD WHAT TO DO? 4668 03:05:36,960 --> 03:05:38,200 THIS IS HAULED HIGH AUTONOMY 4669 03:05:38,200 --> 03:05:40,920 BELOW SIX AND THIS IS HIGH TELL 4670 03:05:40,920 --> 03:05:41,240 ME. 4671 03:05:41,240 --> 03:05:42,680 WHAT WE FOUND WAS STRIKING. 4672 03:05:42,680 --> 03:05:44,560 IT'S A LITTLE BIT OF A 4673 03:05:44,560 --> 03:05:45,600 COMPLICATED INTERACTION TERM AND 4674 03:05:45,600 --> 03:05:47,280 LET ME WALK YOU THROUGH IT. 4675 03:05:47,280 --> 03:05:48,600 FOR INDIVIDUALS, AND EVERYONE IN 4676 03:05:48,600 --> 03:05:50,560 THE STUDY WAS AFRICAN AMERICANS. 4677 03:05:50,560 --> 03:05:52,640 THEY WERE ALL ADULT. 4678 03:05:52,640 --> 03:05:54,520 MEMBERS OF KAISER OR HENRY FORD 4679 03:05:54,520 --> 03:05:55,480 HEALTH SYSTEM. 4680 03:05:55,480 --> 03:05:57,480 AND IF THEY SAID, DON'T TELL ME 4681 03:05:57,480 --> 03:06:00,240 WHAT TO DO, WHICH WAS BASICALLY 4682 03:06:00,240 --> 03:06:03,600 DISAGREEING WITH THIS ITEM, THEY 4683 03:06:03,600 --> 03:06:04,680 DID VERY WELL. 4684 03:06:04,680 --> 03:06:07,120 THIS IS THE EFFECT. 4685 03:06:07,120 --> 03:06:08,840 THEIR CHANGE OF FRUIT AND 4686 03:06:08,840 --> 03:06:10,600 VEGETABLE TAKE 1.1 SERVING. 4687 03:06:10,600 --> 03:06:14,560 IF YOU WANTED THE A TONY MESSAGE 4688 03:06:14,560 --> 03:06:15,760 IT CAUSED HARM. 4689 03:06:15,760 --> 03:06:16,920 THEY DID THE WORST. 4690 03:06:16,920 --> 03:06:19,200 SO WHAT THIS SHOWS YES, AFRICAN 4691 03:06:19,200 --> 03:06:20,440 AMERICANS ON AVERAGE MAY BE MORE 4692 03:06:20,440 --> 03:06:22,560 LIKELY TO SAY TELL ME WHAT TO DO 4693 03:06:22,560 --> 03:06:25,400 BUT THERE'S HUGE WITHIN GROUP 4694 03:06:25,400 --> 03:06:26,680 VARIABILITY AND IF YOU DON'T 4695 03:06:26,680 --> 03:06:28,200 ACCOUNT FOR THAT AND TAILOR ON 4696 03:06:28,200 --> 03:06:29,480 IT YOU COULD CAUSE HARM. 4697 03:06:29,480 --> 03:06:32,920 SO IN THIS CASE, WE IN EFFECT 4698 03:06:32,920 --> 03:06:34,440 CAUSE HARM BY AND THIS WAS JUST 4699 03:06:34,440 --> 03:06:37,880 THE EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION 4700 03:06:37,880 --> 03:06:39,320 USED BUT BY GIVING PEOPLE WHO 4701 03:06:39,320 --> 03:06:41,760 WERE AT BASELINE, SAYING OH 4702 03:06:41,760 --> 03:06:42,800 DON'T TELL ME WHAT INFORM DO I 4703 03:06:42,800 --> 03:06:45,080 NEED AUTONOMY. 4704 03:06:45,080 --> 03:06:46,360 ASSIGNING THEM TO THE 4705 03:06:46,360 --> 03:06:48,200 CONTROL-PUSH MESSAGES THEY DID 4706 03:06:48,200 --> 03:06:48,440 WORSE. 4707 03:06:48,440 --> 03:06:50,600 SO THIS IS WHAT WE CALL THE 4708 03:06:50,600 --> 03:06:51,800 SMALL DIFFERENCE TRAP. 4709 03:06:51,800 --> 03:06:53,680 WE'RE SO HAPPY, WE FOUND A GROUP 4710 03:06:53,680 --> 03:06:55,600 DIFFERENCE AND IT'S TAILOR ABLE. 4711 03:06:55,600 --> 03:06:57,360 BUT IT DOESN'T ACCOUNT FOR 4712 03:06:57,360 --> 03:07:00,280 WITHIN GROUP VARIABILITY. 4713 03:07:00,280 --> 03:07:01,840 WE HAVE FIVE OR SIX OTHER 4714 03:07:01,840 --> 03:07:07,080 STUDIES WHERE WE HAVE THE SAME 4715 03:07:07,080 --> 03:07:07,320 FINDINGS. 4716 03:07:07,320 --> 03:07:15,080 THAT THE JUST MAKING THE 4717 03:07:15,080 --> 03:07:16,280 DECISION TO DIFFERENT AFRICAN 4718 03:07:16,280 --> 03:07:18,000 AMERICANS A PUSH DONOR DIRECTIVE 4719 03:07:18,000 --> 03:07:26,120 MESSAGES OR HAVE THEM ALL VERSUS 4720 03:07:26,120 --> 03:07:34,240 AND WE FOCUS MORE OR 4721 03:07:34,240 --> 03:07:43,680 DETERMINANTS AND 4722 03:07:43,680 --> 03:07:45,720 -- INDIVIDUAL CHALLENGE IS VERY 4723 03:07:45,720 --> 03:07:46,880 IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT ACCOUNTS 4724 03:07:46,880 --> 03:07:50,120 FOR VARIABILITY AND AVOIDS THE 4725 03:07:50,120 --> 03:07:53,000 SMALL GROUP DIFFERENCE TRAP AND 4726 03:07:53,000 --> 03:07:53,840 ULTIMATELY WHAT WE'RE ASKING, 4727 03:07:53,840 --> 03:07:55,880 NIMHD AND OTHERS IS TO THINK 4728 03:07:55,880 --> 03:07:57,520 MORE BROADLY IN OUR DISPARITY 4729 03:07:57,520 --> 03:07:59,120 FRAMEWORK ABOUT TARGET 4730 03:07:59,120 --> 03:08:02,720 AUDIENCES, TAILORING AND NOT 4731 03:08:02,720 --> 03:08:04,880 JUST LOOK AT MORTALITY BECAUSE 4732 03:08:04,880 --> 03:08:07,040 THAT MISSES WHAT WE REALLY NEED 4733 03:08:07,040 --> 03:08:09,880 TO DO WHICH IS DEEP CULTURAL 4734 03:08:09,880 --> 03:08:10,160 TAILORING. 4735 03:08:10,160 --> 03:08:19,120 THANK YOU FOR MY RERVERY RUSHEDD 4736 03:08:19,120 --> 03:08:20,160 VERY DENSE PRESENTATION. 4737 03:08:20,160 --> 03:08:21,600 I'D LOVE TO TAKE SOME QUESTIONS. 4738 03:08:21,600 --> 03:08:24,760 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4739 03:08:24,760 --> 03:08:27,760 WE WILL USE THE SAME FORMAT, 4740 03:08:27,760 --> 03:08:29,680 RAISE YOUR HAND OR PUT A 4741 03:08:29,680 --> 03:08:31,080 QUESTION IN THE QUESTION BOX AND 4742 03:08:31,080 --> 03:08:31,760 I'LL ACKNOWLEDGE YOU AND LET YOU 4743 03:08:31,760 --> 03:08:41,880 PROCEED. 4744 03:08:44,680 --> 03:08:45,080 OKAY. 4745 03:08:45,080 --> 03:08:50,360 FIRST QUESTION, DR. CALVIN. 4746 03:08:50,360 --> 03:08:51,040 >> YEP. 4747 03:08:51,040 --> 03:08:54,560 SO THIS IS REALLY GREAT. 4748 03:08:54,560 --> 03:08:59,720 I MEAN, THIS FOLLOWS SO MUCH OF 4749 03:08:59,720 --> 03:09:01,080 WHAT WE'RE DOING ALL THROUGH 4750 03:09:01,080 --> 03:09:02,920 PRIMARY CARE NOW WHICH IS TO 4751 03:09:02,920 --> 03:09:06,400 REALLY NOT MAKE ASSUMPTIONS 4752 03:09:06,400 --> 03:09:08,200 ABOUT PEOPLE. 4753 03:09:08,200 --> 03:09:11,440 BASICALLY, NOT MAKE ASSUMPTIONS 4754 03:09:11,440 --> 03:09:13,200 BASED ON ANY CHARACTERISTIC. 4755 03:09:13,200 --> 03:09:14,400 WE TRY TO GROUP PEOPLE IN 4756 03:09:14,400 --> 03:09:16,120 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BUT 4757 03:09:16,120 --> 03:09:17,400 HONESTLY, IT'S REALLY ABOUT 4758 03:09:17,400 --> 03:09:19,080 LISTENING. 4759 03:09:19,080 --> 03:09:21,400 IT REALLY IS ABOUT PEOPLE 4760 03:09:21,400 --> 03:09:24,040 STATING THEIR PREFERENCES SO 4761 03:09:24,040 --> 03:09:27,680 ISN'T THAT MORE CONSISTENT WITH 4762 03:09:27,680 --> 03:09:29,280 THE INTERVIEWING MODEL AND ARE 4763 03:09:29,280 --> 03:09:31,840 YOU SAYING M.I. YOU, START BY 4764 03:09:31,840 --> 03:09:35,040 TRYING TO UNDERSTAND PEOPLE 4765 03:09:35,040 --> 03:09:37,800 BETTER BEFORE YOU MAKE 4766 03:09:37,800 --> 03:09:38,160 RECOMMENDATIONS. 4767 03:09:38,160 --> 03:09:40,000 AND ALSO, NOT ONLY UNDERSTAND 4768 03:09:40,000 --> 03:09:41,360 WHERE THEY'RE COMING FROM BUT 4769 03:09:41,360 --> 03:09:42,840 UNDERSTAND HOW THEY WANT TO 4770 03:09:42,840 --> 03:09:43,240 RECEIVE INFORMATION. 4771 03:09:43,240 --> 03:09:44,840 THAT'S MY FIRST QUESTION. 4772 03:09:44,840 --> 03:09:47,080 ARE THERE TOOLS YOU RECOMMEND 4773 03:09:47,080 --> 03:09:47,640 FOR THAT? 4774 03:09:47,640 --> 03:09:48,280 >> GREAT QUESTION. 4775 03:09:48,280 --> 03:09:51,080 SO IN GENERAL, YOU'RE RIGHT, 4776 03:09:51,080 --> 03:09:53,320 WHEN YOU DO M.I. WELL BY 4777 03:09:53,320 --> 03:09:54,680 DEFINITION YOU'RE INDIVIDUALLY 4778 03:09:54,680 --> 03:09:56,760 TAILORING YOUR INTERVENTION 4779 03:09:56,760 --> 03:09:58,080 SESSION, HOWEVER, THERE ARE 4780 03:09:58,080 --> 03:09:59,520 THINGS WE NEED TO KNOW BEFORE I 4781 03:09:59,520 --> 03:10:00,440 START THAT SESSION. 4782 03:10:00,440 --> 03:10:03,120 I HAD TO SKIP A FEW OF THE 4783 03:10:03,120 --> 03:10:03,720 SLIDES. 4784 03:10:03,720 --> 03:10:05,960 WE KNOW PREFERENCE FOR A 4785 03:10:05,960 --> 03:10:07,520 RACE-MATCHED COUNSELOR IS 4786 03:10:07,520 --> 03:10:09,320 DEPENDING ON YOUR ETHNIC 4787 03:10:09,320 --> 03:10:09,600 IDENTITY. 4788 03:10:09,600 --> 03:10:12,520 IF YOU HAVE A TRIAL AND SCORE 4789 03:10:12,520 --> 03:10:17,840 HIGH YOU WANT MAY WANT A BLACK 4790 03:10:17,840 --> 03:10:23,080 PRACTITIONER BUT YOU SCORE HIGH 4791 03:10:23,080 --> 03:10:27,680 IN ASSIMILATION YOU WOULD WANT A 4792 03:10:27,680 --> 03:10:31,120 DIFFERENT DOCTOR AND WE CAN 4793 03:10:31,120 --> 03:10:32,280 ALWAYS SWITCH AND WE'VE ASKED 4794 03:10:32,280 --> 03:10:33,320 SEVERAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS TO 4795 03:10:33,320 --> 03:10:34,440 INTEGRATE IF THEY'RE QUEASY. 4796 03:10:34,440 --> 03:10:36,360 THE OTHER IS DO YOU WANT 4797 03:10:36,360 --> 03:10:38,760 DISPARITY INFORMATION BECAUSE 4798 03:10:38,760 --> 03:10:41,640 SOME DATA SHOWS FOR SOME DATA 4799 03:10:41,640 --> 03:10:43,000 IT'S DISCOURAGE AND TIRED OF BAD 4800 03:10:43,000 --> 03:10:44,800 NEWS WE ASK DO YOU WANT THE 4801 03:10:44,800 --> 03:10:45,400 DISPARITY INFORMATION. 4802 03:10:45,400 --> 03:10:48,080 WE FIND WHEN IT'S MATCHED TO 4803 03:10:48,080 --> 03:10:50,920 THEIR PREFERENCE YOU GET BETTER 4804 03:10:50,920 --> 03:10:51,240 ABSORPTION. 4805 03:10:51,240 --> 03:10:55,000 YOU MAY NEED OUTSIDE AN SESSION 4806 03:10:55,000 --> 03:10:56,920 OR IN THE MIDDLE BUT MAY AUTHOR 4807 03:10:56,920 --> 03:10:58,400 HOW YOU DELIVER THE INFORMATION 4808 03:10:58,400 --> 03:11:02,040 AND WHO THEIR PROVIDER IS BUT 4809 03:11:02,040 --> 03:11:03,920 YOUR OBSERVATION IS GREAT, GOOD 4810 03:11:03,920 --> 03:11:07,120 M.I. PATIENT-CENTERED AND HONORS 4811 03:11:07,120 --> 03:11:10,160 THEIR ATTRIBUTES IS SOME OF WHAT 4812 03:11:10,160 --> 03:11:13,520 THEY CALL THE ETHNIC LOSS TRACK. 4813 03:11:13,520 --> 03:11:16,400 >> THIS IS GREAT, KEN. 4814 03:11:16,400 --> 03:11:18,120 REALLY APPRECIATE IT. 4815 03:11:18,120 --> 03:11:22,080 >> WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM 4816 03:11:22,080 --> 03:11:22,720 DR. ADULA. 4817 03:11:22,720 --> 03:11:23,640 >> THANK YOU FOR THE 4818 03:11:23,640 --> 03:11:24,000 PRESENTATION. 4819 03:11:24,000 --> 03:11:24,440 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4820 03:11:24,440 --> 03:11:28,200 I WAS WONDERING, SO THE 4821 03:11:28,200 --> 03:11:29,120 VARIABILITY THANK YOU MENTIONED 4822 03:11:29,120 --> 03:11:34,360 IN THE END WOULDN'T BE RELATED 4823 03:11:34,360 --> 03:11:36,960 TO INCOME OR PERHAPS CULTURAL 4824 03:11:36,960 --> 03:11:37,360 DIFFERENCES. 4825 03:11:37,360 --> 03:11:39,520 LIKE OLDER ADULT HISPANICS MAY 4826 03:11:39,520 --> 03:11:45,560 THINK MEDICAL DOCTORS, THEY ARE 4827 03:11:45,560 --> 03:11:46,960 SUPER SPECIALIZED. 4828 03:11:46,960 --> 03:11:49,000 THEY SHOULD TELL YOU WHAT TO DO 4829 03:11:49,000 --> 03:11:50,520 OR THE YOUNGER COHORTS LIKE I 4830 03:11:50,520 --> 03:11:57,240 WANT TO MAKE MY OWN DECISIONS OR 4831 03:11:57,240 --> 03:12:06,280 WANT TO IF YOU ANALYZED THAT. 4832 03:12:06,280 --> 03:12:07,640 >> OLDER HISPANICS EXPECT A 4833 03:12:07,640 --> 03:12:11,120 DOCTOR TO BE AN EXPERT AND LIKE 4834 03:12:11,120 --> 03:12:12,600 THE ELDER AFRICAN AMERICAN IN 4835 03:12:12,600 --> 03:12:16,120 THE SOUTH WHEN DOCTORS ELICIT 4836 03:12:16,120 --> 03:12:17,520 THEIR OPINION THEY FEEL THEY'RE 4837 03:12:17,520 --> 03:12:18,960 NOT VERY GOOD. 4838 03:12:18,960 --> 03:12:21,480 THERE'S AN IMMIGRANT-AGE COHORT 4839 03:12:21,480 --> 03:12:23,240 EFFECT THAT IS IMPORTANT AS IS 4840 03:12:23,240 --> 03:12:26,800 WE ALSO FIND IDENTIFY AND 4841 03:12:26,800 --> 03:12:28,120 CULTURATION ARE IMPORTANT AND 4842 03:12:28,120 --> 03:12:31,120 RELATED TO GENERATIONALITY. 4843 03:12:31,120 --> 03:12:41,280 THANK YOU. 4844 03:12:42,560 --> 03:12:43,720 >> DR. CHEVRON. 4845 03:12:43,720 --> 03:12:46,160 >> WOW, WHAT AN INTERESTING 4846 03:12:46,160 --> 03:12:46,520 PRESENTATION. 4847 03:12:46,520 --> 03:12:49,120 I KNOW YOU TOUCHED A LITTLE BIT 4848 03:12:49,120 --> 03:12:51,880 ABOUT THE ROLE OF I GUESS RACIAL 4849 03:12:51,880 --> 03:12:52,840 PROCESSES OR EVEN THE ROLE OF 4850 03:12:52,840 --> 03:12:55,080 TRUSTED MESSENGERS. 4851 03:12:55,080 --> 03:12:56,640 AND I WAS JUST THINKING ABOUT 4852 03:12:56,640 --> 03:12:59,800 THE WORK THAT NEIL AND I HAVE 4853 03:12:59,800 --> 03:13:02,000 BEEN INVOLVED IN IN NEW YORK 4854 03:13:02,000 --> 03:13:03,000 CITY OR EFFORTS TO INCREASE 4855 03:13:03,000 --> 03:13:05,240 COVID VACCINE UPTAKE AND WE SAW 4856 03:13:05,240 --> 03:13:08,240 THAT WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY 4857 03:13:08,240 --> 03:13:10,720 HEALTH WORKERS AND COMMUNITY 4858 03:13:10,720 --> 03:13:12,240 ORGANIZATIONS WERE ESSENTIAL IN 4859 03:13:12,240 --> 03:13:14,240 ESTABLISHING TRUST GIVEN THE 4860 03:13:14,240 --> 03:13:15,840 NEWNESS OF INFORMATION AND GIVEN 4861 03:13:15,840 --> 03:13:21,840 THE NEWNESS OF WHAT COVID WAS 4862 03:13:21,840 --> 03:13:23,360 AND ALSO THE INFORMATION AND 4863 03:13:23,360 --> 03:13:32,720 WHAT WAS REALLY KEY WAS THE AND 4864 03:13:32,720 --> 03:13:35,120 OR HERE'S THE COMMUNITY HEALTH 4865 03:13:35,120 --> 03:13:36,920 WORKER DELIVERING THE MESSAGES. 4866 03:13:36,920 --> 03:13:39,120 IT WAS GOING BACK ONE, TWO, 4867 03:13:39,120 --> 03:13:42,200 THREE, FOUR, FIVE TIMES TO 4868 03:13:42,200 --> 03:13:43,760 REALLY HONE IN THAT MESSAGE WE 4869 03:13:43,760 --> 03:13:48,920 WANTED TO IMPART AND SO IT'S 4870 03:13:48,920 --> 03:13:49,960 TRICKIER TO ALMOST TEST OR 4871 03:13:49,960 --> 03:13:51,120 EVALUATE IN AN INTERVENTION 4872 03:13:51,120 --> 03:13:53,520 STRATEGY IN REAL-LIFE SETTINGS. 4873 03:13:53,520 --> 03:13:57,560 JUST CURIOUS ABOUT YOUR THOUGHTS 4874 03:13:57,560 --> 03:14:04,400 AROUND THAT ALSO THE NOTION OF 4875 03:14:04,400 --> 03:14:07,000 NOW, THE WHOLE GROWING SHIFT OF 4876 03:14:07,000 --> 03:14:07,840 INCREASING MISTRUST IN SCIENCE 4877 03:14:07,840 --> 03:14:09,640 AND HOW DO WE TACKLE THAT WITH 4878 03:14:09,640 --> 03:14:11,920 THE FRAMEWORKS YOU'VE BEEN 4879 03:14:11,920 --> 03:14:13,600 INVOLVED WITH AND HELPED TO 4880 03:14:13,600 --> 03:14:13,960 STRENGTHEN. 4881 03:14:13,960 --> 03:14:18,280 AND THEN THE LAST PIECE, THE 4882 03:14:18,280 --> 03:14:18,880 LAST QUESTION, THE QUESTION 4883 03:14:18,880 --> 03:14:20,800 AROUND SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 4884 03:14:20,800 --> 03:14:23,120 HEALTH. 4885 03:14:23,120 --> 03:14:24,800 WITH TOBACCO CESSATION, ONE OF 4886 03:14:24,800 --> 03:14:26,600 MY COLLEAGUES HAVE NOTED THAT IN 4887 03:14:26,600 --> 03:14:29,800 WORKING WITH SOME COMMUNITIES, 4888 03:14:29,800 --> 03:14:31,080 FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT OR 4889 03:14:31,080 --> 03:14:33,640 FINANCIAL LITERACY STRATEGIES IN 4890 03:14:33,640 --> 03:14:34,280 COMBINATION WITH EDUCATION WAS 4891 03:14:34,280 --> 03:14:37,480 MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF 4892 03:14:37,480 --> 03:14:39,880 INCREASING TOBACCO CONTROL 4893 03:14:39,880 --> 03:14:40,160 OUTCOMES. 4894 03:14:40,160 --> 03:14:43,200 SO CURIOUS ABOUT YOUR THOUGHTS 4895 03:14:43,200 --> 03:14:45,440 IN ADDITION TO THE COMMUNICATION 4896 03:14:45,440 --> 03:14:47,120 MESSAGES. 4897 03:14:47,120 --> 03:14:50,280 HOW DO WE BETTER INTEGRATE 4898 03:14:50,280 --> 03:14:51,040 SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF HEALTH TO 4899 03:14:51,040 --> 03:14:54,320 BE MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND FAR 4900 03:14:54,320 --> 03:14:54,600 REACHING. 4901 03:14:54,600 --> 03:14:55,760 >> I NEED ABOUT 45 MINUTES TO 4902 03:14:55,760 --> 03:14:56,960 ADDRESS THAT SERIES OF 4903 03:14:56,960 --> 03:14:57,240 QUESTIONS. 4904 03:14:57,240 --> 03:14:58,640 THOSE ARE GREAT. 4905 03:14:58,640 --> 03:15:01,600 I DIDN'T HAVE A CHANCE TO GO 4906 03:15:01,600 --> 03:15:07,600 INTO THE NIMHD STUDIED AND 30% 4907 03:15:07,600 --> 03:15:09,480 OF MINORITY COMMUNITIES ARE NOT 4908 03:15:09,480 --> 03:15:12,200 VACCINATED AND WE HAVE A FREE 4909 03:15:12,200 --> 03:15:13,320 OPEN VERSION AS LONG AS YOU'RE 4910 03:15:13,320 --> 03:15:15,360 NOT IF THE FOUR CITIES TARGETED 4911 03:15:15,360 --> 03:15:17,680 WE'LL SHARE IT EVERYTHING AND IT 4912 03:15:17,680 --> 03:15:20,240 SHOWS HOW TO USE MOTIVATIONAL 4913 03:15:20,240 --> 03:15:21,880 INTERVENTION TO LOWER RESISTANCE 4914 03:15:21,880 --> 03:15:23,560 AND FIND FRAGMENTS OF CHANGE 4915 03:15:23,560 --> 03:15:25,880 TALK AND IT'S ALL AUTOMATED AND 4916 03:15:25,880 --> 03:15:27,880 ON THE PLATFORM CALLED 4917 03:15:27,880 --> 03:15:28,400 ARTICULATE. 4918 03:15:28,400 --> 03:15:29,960 HAVING SAID THAT, WE ARE PUTTING 4919 03:15:29,960 --> 03:15:32,240 OUT A PAPER IN A COUPLE KNOWS 4920 03:15:32,240 --> 03:15:34,200 WHICH ARE THE HARD NOS SAYING 4921 03:15:34,200 --> 03:15:35,840 THE GROUP THEY'RE NEVER GETTING 4922 03:15:35,840 --> 03:15:37,400 IT THEY'RE VACCINE HESITANCE IS 4923 03:15:37,400 --> 03:15:39,760 DRIVEN BY PERSONALITY FACTORS. 4924 03:15:39,760 --> 03:15:47,120 THEY'RE HIGH IN TRAIT REACTANTS 4925 03:15:47,120 --> 03:15:55,400 AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES AND A 4926 03:15:55,400 --> 03:15:57,600 DOGMA TO THEM AND IN ROLLING 4927 03:15:57,600 --> 03:15:59,760 WITH THE RESISTANCE, WE TRY TO 4928 03:15:59,760 --> 03:16:00,960 GIVE THEM AN OFFERING TO SAY, 4929 03:16:00,960 --> 03:16:02,840 YOU'RE RIGHT, YOU DON'T NEED IT 4930 03:16:02,840 --> 03:16:04,920 BUT GRANDMA LIVING IN YOUR HOUSE 4931 03:16:04,920 --> 03:16:06,520 MIGHT SO WE'VE COME UP WITH A 4932 03:16:06,520 --> 03:16:08,160 COUPLE STRATEGIES THAT ALLOW 4933 03:16:08,160 --> 03:16:11,160 THEM TO PRESERVE THIS AUTONOMOUS 4934 03:16:11,160 --> 03:16:12,080 REBELLION AND STILL PRESERVE 4935 03:16:12,080 --> 03:16:14,240 THAT WHILE STILL SAYING I CAN 4936 03:16:14,240 --> 03:16:16,040 GET VACCINATED TO PROTECT 4937 03:16:16,040 --> 03:16:16,480 GRANDMA. 4938 03:16:16,480 --> 03:16:18,840 I LOVE THAT EXAMPLE YOU GAVE 4939 03:16:18,840 --> 03:16:19,800 THAT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE MIGHT 4940 03:16:19,800 --> 03:16:21,360 BE CRITICAL. 4941 03:16:21,360 --> 03:16:23,520 YES, THE MULTIPLE LEVEL 4942 03:16:23,520 --> 03:16:25,080 INTERVENTIONS MORE OF THOSE NEED 4943 03:16:25,080 --> 03:16:27,120 TO BE TESTED WHERE YOU TRIED TO 4944 03:16:27,120 --> 03:16:29,080 CHANGE SLIGHTLY FINANCIAL 4945 03:16:29,080 --> 03:16:29,400 INSECURITY. 4946 03:16:29,400 --> 03:16:34,080 I WORK A LOT WITH THE GRETCHEN 4947 03:16:34,080 --> 03:16:35,600 SLAWSEN FOOD PROGRAM WHICH TAKES 4948 03:16:35,600 --> 03:16:40,880 SNAP AND WIC AND ADDS IN $3, $5, 4949 03:16:40,880 --> 03:16:42,320 $10, $20. 4950 03:16:42,320 --> 03:16:45,760 THEY LOWER FOOD INSECURITY AND 4951 03:16:45,760 --> 03:16:47,120 INCREASE SELF-PERCEIVED HEALTH 4952 03:16:47,120 --> 03:16:51,400 SO THOSE STRUCTURAL, BOOSTS 4953 03:16:51,400 --> 03:16:56,640 SHOULD BE USED AND I DON'T KNOW 4954 03:16:56,640 --> 03:17:00,960 THE PRICE POINT IS BUT WHEN YOU 4955 03:17:00,960 --> 03:17:05,480 RAISE TAX IN CALIFORNIA AND I 4956 03:17:05,480 --> 03:17:07,720 FORGOT WHAT PROP IT WAS, GOING 4957 03:17:07,720 --> 03:17:11,120 UP OVER A DOLLAR LOWERED 4958 03:17:11,120 --> 03:17:11,520 SMOKING. 4959 03:17:11,520 --> 03:17:13,880 THOSE ARE BOOSTS OF INCREASING 4960 03:17:13,880 --> 03:17:14,080 THAT. 4961 03:17:14,080 --> 03:17:23,200 >> THANK YOU. 4962 03:17:23,200 --> 03:17:24,960 >> OKAY. 4963 03:17:24,960 --> 03:17:26,760 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. 4964 03:17:26,760 --> 03:17:28,000 DR. PEREZ-STABLE -- 4965 03:17:28,000 --> 03:17:29,320 >> I THINK KIMBERLY JOHNSON MAY 4966 03:17:29,320 --> 03:17:32,560 HAVE HAD ONE FINAL QUESTION. 4967 03:17:32,560 --> 03:17:34,080 >> OKAY. 4968 03:17:34,080 --> 03:17:35,560 I MISSED THE QUESTION. 4969 03:17:35,560 --> 03:17:35,840 KIMBERLY. 4970 03:17:35,840 --> 03:17:38,880 >> IF THERE'S TIME, JUST A QUICK 4971 03:17:38,880 --> 03:17:39,120 QUESTION. 4972 03:17:39,120 --> 03:17:40,760 THANK YOU, KEN, OUTSTANDING 4973 03:17:40,760 --> 03:17:42,320 THINGS TO THINK ABOUT. 4974 03:17:42,320 --> 03:17:43,760 THIS IS A MORE PRACTICAL 4975 03:17:43,760 --> 03:17:45,040 QUESTION AND EXCITING. 4976 03:17:45,040 --> 03:17:51,160 IF YOU THINK ABOUT AND STARTED 4977 03:17:51,160 --> 03:17:55,000 SAYING IF THE HEALTH SYSTEM 4978 03:17:55,000 --> 03:17:57,920 WANTED TO ROLL OUT A PROGRAM 4979 03:17:57,920 --> 03:17:59,800 TARGETING WHATEVER, SMOKING 4980 03:17:59,800 --> 03:18:02,000 CESSATION OR IN INCREASING 4981 03:18:02,000 --> 03:18:03,800 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND 4982 03:18:03,800 --> 03:18:06,320 OBESITY AND HOW DO THEY 4983 03:18:06,320 --> 03:18:08,240 RACIALIZE PREFERENCES FOR 4984 03:18:08,240 --> 03:18:09,680 AUTONOMY AND DECISION MAKING? 4985 03:18:09,680 --> 03:18:12,840 >> SO THERE'S TWO ANSWERS TO 4986 03:18:12,840 --> 03:18:13,400 THAT. 4987 03:18:13,400 --> 03:18:15,120 THERE'S -- AND WE WORKED WITH 4988 03:18:15,120 --> 03:18:18,200 SOME AND A FEW ARE OPEN ASKING 4989 03:18:18,200 --> 03:18:20,240 FOR DIRECT PREFERENCES. 4990 03:18:20,240 --> 03:18:21,800 WE VERY THE OPPORTUNITY AT 4991 03:18:21,800 --> 03:18:23,120 KAISER TO MATCH SOME PROVIDERS 4992 03:18:23,120 --> 03:18:24,480 WITH PEOPLE'S PREFERENCES. 4993 03:18:24,480 --> 03:18:26,160 WOULD I LIKE TO ANSWER THAT 4994 03:18:26,160 --> 03:18:26,640 PREFERENCE QUESTION. 4995 03:18:26,640 --> 03:18:28,960 YOU DO NOT HAVE TO ANSWER IT. 4996 03:18:28,960 --> 03:18:31,560 SAME WITH DO YOU WANT THE 4997 03:18:31,560 --> 03:18:32,880 DISPARITIES PAMPHLET. 4998 03:18:32,880 --> 03:18:34,400 THE OTHER APPROACH IS TO MEASURE 4999 03:18:34,400 --> 03:18:37,160 SOME ATTRIBUTES LIKE CULTURAL 5000 03:18:37,160 --> 03:18:42,760 IDENTITY AND MAKE YOUR MATCHING 5001 03:18:42,760 --> 03:18:44,280 DECISION MADE ON THE INHERENT 5002 03:18:44,280 --> 03:18:44,880 TRAIT. 5003 03:18:44,880 --> 03:18:48,240 MOST THE FOLKS YOU WORKED WITH 5004 03:18:48,240 --> 03:18:50,280 ARE OPEN TO THE DIRECT 5005 03:18:50,280 --> 03:18:55,120 PREFERENCE APPROACH RATHER THAN 5006 03:18:55,120 --> 03:18:57,480 THE INFERENCE AND I GUESS YOU 5007 03:18:57,480 --> 03:18:59,960 CAN GUESS IN THIS CURRENT 5008 03:18:59,960 --> 03:19:00,800 ENVIRONMENT SO MANY HEALTH CARE 5009 03:19:00,800 --> 03:19:02,760 SYSTEMS WANT TO STEER CLEAR OF 5010 03:19:02,760 --> 03:19:04,800 THIS THOUGH THEY'RE INTENTIONS 5011 03:19:04,800 --> 03:19:06,360 AND HEART'S IF THE RIGHT PLACE, 5012 03:19:06,360 --> 03:19:09,080 THEY'RE SCARED GENERALLY IT WILL 5013 03:19:09,080 --> 03:19:11,760 BE TWISTED INTO SOMETHING 5014 03:19:11,760 --> 03:19:14,520 NEFARIOUS WHICH IS A BUMMER 5015 03:19:14,520 --> 03:19:15,680 BECAUSE I THINK PEOPLE 5016 03:19:15,680 --> 03:19:17,280 APPRECIATE THE CHANCE TO RECEIVE 5017 03:19:17,280 --> 03:19:18,680 DISPARITY INFORMATION OR HAVE A 5018 03:19:18,680 --> 03:19:29,200 CULTURALLY MATCHED PRACTITIONER. 5019 03:19:31,000 --> 03:19:32,320 >> OUR FINAL QUESTION FROM 5020 03:19:32,320 --> 03:19:35,600 DR. SUTHERLAND. 5021 03:19:35,600 --> 03:19:38,240 >> KEN, VERY GOOD PRESENTATION. 5022 03:19:38,240 --> 03:19:43,840 I LIKED IT A LOT. 5023 03:19:43,840 --> 03:19:48,880 MY QUESTION IS DO YOU HAVE 5024 03:19:48,880 --> 03:19:50,000 INSIGHT OF THE ROOT CAUSES OF 5025 03:19:50,000 --> 03:19:53,800 THE DIFFERENCES YOU SHOWED EARLY 5026 03:19:53,800 --> 03:19:55,120 ON IN THE PERCEPTION BETWEEN 5027 03:19:55,120 --> 03:19:57,760 BLACKS AND WHITES AND THE LEVEL 5028 03:19:57,760 --> 03:20:03,160 OF HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT 5029 03:20:03,160 --> 03:20:04,520 THEMSELVES BASED ON THEIR WEIGHT 5030 03:20:04,520 --> 03:20:10,240 OR SIZE OR LEVEL OF OBESITY. 5031 03:20:10,240 --> 03:20:11,880 WHAT'S THE -- WHERE DOES THAT 5032 03:20:11,880 --> 03:20:13,880 PERCEPTION COME FROM? 5033 03:20:13,880 --> 03:20:16,800 I CAN GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE I HAVE 5034 03:20:16,800 --> 03:20:18,200 PERSONALLY EXPERIENCED. 5035 03:20:18,200 --> 03:20:20,680 FOR EXAMPLE, SOME YEARS AGO I 5036 03:20:20,680 --> 03:20:23,080 WEIGHED A LOT MORE THAN I WEIGH 5037 03:20:23,080 --> 03:20:26,240 RIGHT NOW AND BEFORE I LOST 5038 03:20:26,240 --> 03:20:27,280 WEIGHT, SOME DEAR FRIENDS OF 5039 03:20:27,280 --> 03:20:33,040 MINE THOUGHT I WAS SICK. 5040 03:20:33,040 --> 03:20:34,760 SO WHERE DID THAT PERCEPTION 5041 03:20:34,760 --> 03:20:35,480 COME FROM? 5042 03:20:35,480 --> 03:20:36,520 CAN YOU TALK ABOUT THAT A LITTLE 5043 03:20:36,520 --> 03:20:37,320 BIT? 5044 03:20:37,320 --> 03:20:39,760 >> IT'S NOT BEEN FULLY 5045 03:20:39,760 --> 03:20:40,080 ARTICULATED. 5046 03:20:40,080 --> 03:20:41,800 THERE'S THE TRADITIONAL 5047 03:20:41,800 --> 03:20:44,280 CONVENTIONAL WISDOM SAYING BACK 5048 03:20:44,280 --> 03:20:48,520 IN THE CONTINENT BIGGER WAS 5049 03:20:48,520 --> 03:20:53,600 STRONGER AND THIN WAS UNHEALTHY. 5050 03:20:53,600 --> 03:20:55,400 WHITE FOLKS HAVE AN EXTREME 5051 03:20:55,400 --> 03:20:56,880 ABNORMAL DRIVE FOR THINNESS AND 5052 03:20:56,880 --> 03:20:58,480 WHAT YOU SEE FROM AFRICAN 5053 03:20:58,480 --> 03:20:59,800 AMERICANS IS NOT THAT THEY HAVE 5054 03:20:59,800 --> 03:21:01,880 AN ABNORMAL DRIVE FOR BEING BIG 5055 03:21:01,880 --> 03:21:05,800 BUT YOU SEE THE ABSENCE OF THE 5056 03:21:05,800 --> 03:21:07,320 DRIVE FOR THINNESS. 5057 03:21:07,320 --> 03:21:09,120 IF YOU TOOK AWAY THE EATING 5058 03:21:09,120 --> 03:21:10,680 DISORDER GENE FOR WHITE PEOPLE 5059 03:21:10,680 --> 03:21:12,360 YOU'D PROBABLY SEE THEIR BODY 5060 03:21:12,360 --> 03:21:13,360 IMAGE SIMILAR TO BLACK PEOPLE. 5061 03:21:13,360 --> 03:21:15,880 I DO THINK THE IDEA THAT THIN IS 5062 03:21:15,880 --> 03:21:17,600 A SIGN OF ILLNESS AND HIV DIDN'T 5063 03:21:17,600 --> 03:21:21,560 HELP THAT, BUT IN OUR RESEARCH 5064 03:21:21,560 --> 03:21:25,880 WE HAVEN'T FOUND THAT TO BE THE 5065 03:21:25,880 --> 03:21:26,840 PRIMARY DRIVE. 5066 03:21:26,840 --> 03:21:30,000 IT'S IN PART DRIVEN BY IF I CAN 5067 03:21:30,000 --> 03:21:32,440 PUT IT IN QUOTES, A THOUGHT IN 5068 03:21:32,440 --> 03:21:34,280 THE WHITE COMMUNITY OF NOT 5069 03:21:34,280 --> 03:21:35,440 NECESSARILY WORRIED ABOUT 5070 03:21:35,440 --> 03:21:36,920 THINNESS OPPOSED TO AFRICAN 5071 03:21:36,920 --> 03:21:38,800 AMERICANS HAVING AN ABNORMAL 5072 03:21:38,800 --> 03:21:40,880 DRIVE FOR BIGNESS OR THICKNESS, 5073 03:21:40,880 --> 03:21:44,840 THEIRS IS THE NORMAL AND SHOULD 5074 03:21:44,840 --> 03:21:49,000 NOT BE PATHOLOGIZED AND IT'S 5075 03:21:49,000 --> 03:21:49,840 STILL UNKNOWN AND WORTH 5076 03:21:49,840 --> 03:21:50,240 RESEARCHING. 5077 03:21:50,240 --> 03:21:51,120 THANK YOU FOR THAT. 5078 03:21:51,120 --> 03:22:01,360 >> THANK YOU. 5079 03:22:01,680 --> 03:22:03,000 >> THANK YOU, KEN. 5080 03:22:03,000 --> 03:22:04,600 PAUL, ARE WE GOING TO TAKE A 5081 03:22:04,600 --> 03:22:05,160 BREAK OR PLOW ON WITH THE 5082 03:22:05,160 --> 03:22:06,720 CONCEPTS? 5083 03:22:06,720 --> 03:22:08,160 >> WOULD YOU LIKE TO PLOW 5084 03:22:08,160 --> 03:22:10,120 THROUGH WITH THE CONCEPTS? 5085 03:22:10,120 --> 03:22:10,640 >> UP TO THE GROUP. 5086 03:22:10,640 --> 03:22:15,120 I'M OKAY. 5087 03:22:15,120 --> 03:22:17,400 >> PLOW THROUGH. 5088 03:22:17,400 --> 03:22:21,160 >> PLOW THROUGH. 5089 03:22:21,160 --> 03:22:27,600 >> ALL RIGHTY. 5090 03:22:27,600 --> 03:22:28,960 I WANT TO THANK KEN. 5091 03:22:28,960 --> 03:22:30,000 MANY THEMES YOU TALKED ABOUT 5092 03:22:30,000 --> 03:22:33,400 BEFORE AND HAPPY TO SEE HOW THEY 5093 03:22:33,400 --> 03:22:35,120 DEVELOPED AND THINK IT RESONATES 5094 03:22:35,120 --> 03:22:41,520 WITH MY OWN PRACTICAL 5095 03:22:41,520 --> 03:22:44,920 EXPERIENCES AS A CLINICIAN. 5096 03:22:44,920 --> 03:22:46,280 MUCH OF WHAT YOU SAID FOCUSSING 5097 03:22:46,280 --> 03:22:51,160 ON AFRICAN AMERICANS IS ALSO 5098 03:22:51,160 --> 03:22:53,360 TRUE WITH LATINO HISPANICS BUT 5099 03:22:53,360 --> 03:22:55,600 THE LANGUAGE FACTOR WAS SO 5100 03:22:55,600 --> 03:22:58,800 IMPORTANT IT WAS EASIER TO SAY 5101 03:22:58,800 --> 03:23:00,880 LINGUISTIC TAILORING WAS SO 5102 03:23:00,880 --> 03:23:05,080 OBVIOUSLY NEEDED IT WAS HARD TO 5103 03:23:05,080 --> 03:23:05,400 DIFFERENCE. 5104 03:23:05,400 --> 03:23:07,320 THE ISSUE OF WEIGHT IS 5105 03:23:07,320 --> 03:23:09,840 INTERESTING BECAUSE I THINK IT'S 5106 03:23:09,840 --> 03:23:13,320 SOCIO ECONOMICALLY AND 5107 03:23:13,320 --> 03:23:15,240 STRUCTURALLY DRIVEN AS WELL. 5108 03:23:15,240 --> 03:23:18,120 ACCESS TO CHEAP, CALORICALLY 5109 03:23:18,120 --> 03:23:19,600 DENSE FOOD NOW IN THE UNITED 5110 03:23:19,600 --> 03:23:21,200 STATES AND UNFORTUNATELY OTHER 5111 03:23:21,200 --> 03:23:22,400 COUNTRIES DRIVES SOME OF THAT. 5112 03:23:22,400 --> 03:23:28,720 I HAVE NOT BEEN TO SUB-SAHARAN 5113 03:23:28,720 --> 03:23:30,480 AFRICA BUT YOU HAVE AND I'M THE 5114 03:23:30,480 --> 03:23:33,680 RESULT IS NOT THE SAME AND IN MY 5115 03:23:33,680 --> 03:23:35,960 NATIVE COUNTRY, IN CUBA, THE 5116 03:23:35,960 --> 03:23:38,120 LEVEL OF OBESE IS LESS 5117 03:23:38,120 --> 03:23:41,480 INFLUENCED BY RACE THAN BY 5118 03:23:41,480 --> 03:23:43,200 ANYTHING ELSE AND ACCESS TO 5119 03:23:43,200 --> 03:23:46,360 CALORIES. 5120 03:23:46,360 --> 03:23:49,240 FASCINATING TOPIC AND ABSOLUTELY 5121 03:23:49,240 --> 03:23:51,920 ALWAYS LEARN A LOT WHEN I LISTEN 5122 03:23:51,920 --> 03:23:55,720 TO YOU SO, PAUL, BACK TO YOU. 5123 03:23:55,720 --> 03:23:56,680 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5124 03:23:56,680 --> 03:23:59,040 WHAT WE'LL DO NOW IS MOVE ON TO 5125 03:23:59,040 --> 03:23:59,360 THE CONCEPTS. 5126 03:23:59,360 --> 03:24:02,240 THERE ARE TWO CONCEPTS FOR 5127 03:24:02,240 --> 03:24:04,080 APPROVAL THIS AFTERNOON. 5128 03:24:04,080 --> 03:24:05,800 TWO COUNSEL REVIEWERS ARE 5129 03:24:05,800 --> 03:24:07,400 ASSIGNED TO EACH PROJECT. 5130 03:24:07,400 --> 03:24:08,840 TO MAKE THE BEST USE OF TIME 5131 03:24:08,840 --> 03:24:11,240 OTHER MEMBERS ARE ASKED TO SHARE 5132 03:24:11,240 --> 03:24:14,240 ANY COMMENTS WITH AN ASSIGNED 5133 03:24:14,240 --> 03:24:19,720 REVIEWER AND ASSIGNED REVIEWERS 5134 03:24:19,720 --> 03:24:21,920 WILL BE ASKED FOR THEIR COMMENTS 5135 03:24:21,920 --> 03:24:24,160 AND THERE'LL BE AN OPEN 5136 03:24:24,160 --> 03:24:25,440 DISCUSSION PERIOD FOR ADDITIONAL 5137 03:24:25,440 --> 03:24:26,200 COMMENTS FROM ANOTHER MEMBER AND 5138 03:24:26,200 --> 03:24:29,840 THEN A MOTION TO APPROVE OR 5139 03:24:29,840 --> 03:24:32,560 DISAPPROVE IN A VOTE BY ALL 5140 03:24:32,560 --> 03:24:33,480 COUNCIL MEMBERS. 5141 03:24:33,480 --> 03:24:37,280 WE'LL START WITH CONCEPT NUMBER 5142 03:24:37,280 --> 03:24:46,760 1 BY DR. AVILES SANTA. 5143 03:24:46,760 --> 03:24:52,720 CONCEPT ENTITLED LATIN AMERICA 5144 03:24:52,720 --> 03:24:53,320 SYNERGIZING HEALTH RESEARCH 5145 03:24:53,320 --> 03:24:58,680 ACROSS THE HEMISPHERE. 5146 03:24:58,680 --> 03:25:00,720 >> MY COLLEAGUES AT NIMHD AND 5147 03:25:00,720 --> 03:25:02,960 NIH AND THE VIDEOCAST. 5148 03:25:02,960 --> 03:25:05,480 I'M PROUD TO PRESENT THE CONCEPT 5149 03:25:05,480 --> 03:25:12,720 ON THIS CONCEPT. 5150 03:25:12,720 --> 03:25:14,840 SPECIAL THANKS TO RENA AND 5151 03:25:14,840 --> 03:25:18,080 MICHELLE AND JARROD, NANCY AND 5152 03:25:18,080 --> 03:25:18,720 OTHERS FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS 5153 03:25:18,720 --> 03:25:24,880 TO THIS CONCEPT. 5154 03:25:24,880 --> 03:25:29,000 WITH THIS INITIATIVE -- SORRY. 5155 03:25:29,000 --> 03:25:31,040 WITH THE INITIATIVE WE AIM TO 5156 03:25:31,040 --> 03:25:35,440 SUPPORT MULTI-DISCIPLINARY AND 5157 03:25:35,440 --> 03:25:36,400 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH THAT 5158 03:25:36,400 --> 03:25:38,160 ADDRESSES HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 5159 03:25:38,160 --> 03:25:40,120 DISPARITIES RELATED TO 5160 03:25:40,120 --> 03:25:41,280 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND 5161 03:25:41,280 --> 03:25:42,360 ESPECIALLY THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH 5162 03:25:42,360 --> 03:25:45,920 THE HIGHEST BURDEN OF DISEASE 5163 03:25:45,920 --> 03:25:49,280 AND MORTALITY IN LATIN AMERICA 5164 03:25:49,280 --> 03:25:53,720 AND AMONG U.S. HISPANIC LATINOS. 5165 03:25:53,720 --> 03:25:56,600 AND COVERS INFORMATION OF 5166 03:25:56,600 --> 03:25:58,880 HISPANIC LATINO HEALTH AND 5167 03:25:58,880 --> 03:26:00,040 TRANSLATE TO OPTIMAL HEALTH 5168 03:26:00,040 --> 03:26:03,840 OUTCOMES ACROSS THE HEMISPHERE. 5169 03:26:03,840 --> 03:26:14,240 SO WHY IN RESEARCH INITIATIVE IN 5170 03:26:14,240 --> 03:26:20,240 LATIN AMERICA AND IN 2020, $62 5171 03:26:20,240 --> 03:26:23,120 MILLION PERSONS LIVING IN THE 5172 03:26:23,120 --> 03:26:23,760 CONSTITUTIONAL 5173 03:26:23,760 --> 03:26:25,680 U.S. SELF-IDENTIFIED AS LATINO 5174 03:26:25,680 --> 03:26:26,520 REPRESENTING 18.9% OF THE 5175 03:26:26,520 --> 03:26:33,680 U.S. POPULATION. 5176 03:26:33,680 --> 03:26:37,600 AMONG HISPANIC LATINOS IN THE 5177 03:26:37,600 --> 03:26:39,880 U.S., THE PREVALENCE OF NCDs 5178 03:26:39,880 --> 03:26:40,800 CONTINUES TO INCREASE AND 5179 03:26:40,800 --> 03:26:43,040 TREATMENT AND CONTROL FOR THE 5180 03:26:43,040 --> 03:26:46,600 CONDITIONS REMAIN UNACCEPTABLY 5181 03:26:46,600 --> 03:26:48,720 SUB OPTIMAL. 5182 03:26:48,720 --> 03:26:53,200 IN PARALLEL, NCDs ARE 5183 03:26:53,200 --> 03:26:53,800 INCREASEDLY RECOGNIZED AND 5184 03:26:53,800 --> 03:26:57,880 STUDIED IN LATIN AMERICA. 5185 03:26:57,880 --> 03:27:01,200 IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT 5186 03:27:01,200 --> 03:27:04,600 U.S. HISPANIC LATINOS IN ALL THE 5187 03:27:04,600 --> 03:27:05,760 COMMUNITIES AND POPULATIONS 5188 03:27:05,760 --> 03:27:07,120 SHARE MANY COMMONALITIES IN 5189 03:27:07,120 --> 03:27:10,120 HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE 5190 03:27:10,120 --> 03:27:13,360 THAT ARE ROOTED IN THE HISTORY 5191 03:27:13,360 --> 03:27:15,040 AND CULTURES IN LATIN AMERICA. 5192 03:27:15,040 --> 03:27:16,560 HOWEVER, DIFFERENCES IN 5193 03:27:16,560 --> 03:27:18,360 PREVALENCE AND MORTALITIES 5194 03:27:18,360 --> 03:27:22,440 RELATED TO NCDs HAVE BEEN 5195 03:27:22,440 --> 03:27:23,880 DOCUMENTED AMONG HISTORIC 5196 03:27:23,880 --> 03:27:28,040 LATINOS FROM DIFFERENT HERITAGE 5197 03:27:28,040 --> 03:27:29,240 GROUPS AND AMONG LATIN AMERICA 5198 03:27:29,240 --> 03:27:29,520 COUNTRIES. 5199 03:27:29,520 --> 03:27:32,160 IN TERMS OF ALL COSTS, 5200 03:27:32,160 --> 03:27:33,800 CARDIOVASCULAR AND CANCER 5201 03:27:33,800 --> 03:27:35,720 MORTALITY, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 5202 03:27:35,720 --> 03:27:39,720 U.S. HISPANIC LATINOS AS ONE 5203 03:27:39,720 --> 03:27:41,960 GROUP AND OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC 5204 03:27:41,960 --> 03:27:43,200 GROUPS IN THE U.S. AND BETWEEN 5205 03:27:43,200 --> 03:27:43,920 LATIN AMERICA COUNTRIES AND THE 5206 03:27:43,920 --> 03:27:49,720 U.S. HAVE ALSO BEEN DOCUMENTED. 5207 03:27:49,720 --> 03:27:52,960 VIOLENCE IS A LEADING CAUSE OF 5208 03:27:52,960 --> 03:27:54,920 DEATH AMONG YOUNG U.S. HISPANIC 5209 03:27:54,920 --> 03:27:56,400 LATINOS AND A PUBLIC CONCERN 5210 03:27:56,400 --> 03:28:05,680 ACROSS LATIN AMERICA. 5211 03:28:05,680 --> 03:28:07,160 ON THE OTHER HAND, THERE'S 5212 03:28:07,160 --> 03:28:10,240 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS SHEDDING 5213 03:28:10,240 --> 03:28:11,720 PERSPECTIVES IN UNDERSTANDING 5214 03:28:11,720 --> 03:28:14,400 NCDs AND A BETTER WAY TO TREAT 5215 03:28:14,400 --> 03:28:15,640 THEM IN LATIN AMERICA AND SOME 5216 03:28:15,640 --> 03:28:20,240 SAMPLES INCLUDE, STUDIES THAT 5217 03:28:20,240 --> 03:28:21,080 HAVE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENT 5218 03:28:21,080 --> 03:28:22,440 CLINICAL FAIL TIMES FOR DEMENTIA 5219 03:28:22,440 --> 03:28:27,120 IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. 5220 03:28:27,120 --> 03:28:29,600 ADVANCES IN PHARMACO GENOMICS 5221 03:28:29,600 --> 03:28:32,160 AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN 5222 03:28:32,160 --> 03:28:34,400 HEALTH CARE AND INNOVATIVE 5223 03:28:34,400 --> 03:28:35,120 HEALTH CARE MODELS. 5224 03:28:35,120 --> 03:28:37,800 AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE SLIDE, THE 5225 03:28:37,800 --> 03:28:41,240 INCREASING PREVALENCE OF NCDs 5226 03:28:41,240 --> 03:28:43,000 AMONG U.S. HISPANIC LATINOS 5227 03:28:43,000 --> 03:28:44,240 UNDER LINES THE NEED FOR 5228 03:28:44,240 --> 03:28:47,120 EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS DESIGNED 5229 03:28:47,120 --> 03:28:49,880 TO PREVENT AND TREAT THESE 5230 03:28:49,880 --> 03:28:52,920 CONDITIONS IN THIS HETEROGENEOUS 5231 03:28:52,920 --> 03:28:54,960 POPULATION EVIDENT IN LATIN 5232 03:28:54,960 --> 03:28:55,200 AMERICA. 5233 03:28:55,200 --> 03:28:57,440 BOTH THE COMMONALITIES AND THE 5234 03:28:57,440 --> 03:28:59,120 DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF 5235 03:28:59,120 --> 03:29:01,840 NCDs AMONG THESE COMMUNITIES AND 5236 03:29:01,840 --> 03:29:04,760 THEIR COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COULD 5237 03:29:04,760 --> 03:29:07,720 BE INFORMING US OF CRUCIAL 5238 03:29:07,720 --> 03:29:09,440 FACTORS THAT WOULD SHED LIGHT ON 5239 03:29:09,440 --> 03:29:14,680 DIGITAL SOLUTIONS. 5240 03:29:14,680 --> 03:29:15,240 THEREFORE, THROUGH THIS 5241 03:29:15,240 --> 03:29:20,600 INITIATIVE WE HAVE A UNIQUE 5242 03:29:20,600 --> 03:29:24,080 OPPORTUNITY TO IDENTIFY THOSE 5243 03:29:24,080 --> 03:29:26,120 SOLUTIONS THROUGH UNDERSTANDING 5244 03:29:26,120 --> 03:29:32,040 THE THEOLOGY OR MEDE IATORS AND 5245 03:29:32,040 --> 03:29:33,440 LOOKING AT CLINICAL 5246 03:29:33,440 --> 03:29:38,240 MANIFESTATIONS OF NCDs, 5247 03:29:38,240 --> 03:29:40,640 EXPLORING SOCIAL, CLINICAL CARE 5248 03:29:40,640 --> 03:29:44,640 AND HEALTH CARE CONTEXT AND 5249 03:29:44,640 --> 03:29:47,120 LOOKING AT MINORITY HEALTH AND 5250 03:29:47,120 --> 03:29:49,680 HEALTH DISPARITIES THROUGH 5251 03:29:49,680 --> 03:29:50,320 BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HISPANIC 5252 03:29:50,320 --> 03:29:53,600 LATINO HEALTH THAT CANNOT BE 5253 03:29:53,600 --> 03:29:54,880 ACCOMPLISHED SOLELY IN THE 5254 03:29:54,880 --> 03:29:56,960 U.S. AND PROMOTING OPTIMAL 5255 03:29:56,960 --> 03:30:03,120 HEALTH OUTCOMES ACROSS THE 5256 03:30:03,120 --> 03:30:03,680 HEMISPHERE. 5257 03:30:03,680 --> 03:30:06,360 AS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED, WE AIM 5258 03:30:06,360 --> 03:30:10,000 AT PROMOTING AND SUPPORTING 5259 03:30:10,000 --> 03:30:11,880 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH THAT 5260 03:30:11,880 --> 03:30:13,480 IS FOCUSSED ON ADDRESSING THE 5261 03:30:13,480 --> 03:30:15,680 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 5262 03:30:15,680 --> 03:30:18,240 DISPARITIES RELATED TO NCDs WITH 5263 03:30:18,240 --> 03:30:20,240 THE HIGHEST BURDEN AS SHOWN ON 5264 03:30:20,240 --> 03:30:23,080 THE TABLE. 5265 03:30:23,080 --> 03:30:24,960 AND THOSE INCLUDE CHRONIC 5266 03:30:24,960 --> 03:30:25,960 INFECTIOUS DISEASES THAT TURN 5267 03:30:25,960 --> 03:30:27,320 INTO CHRONIC DISEASES AND THE 5268 03:30:27,320 --> 03:30:31,720 IMPACT OF VIOLENCE ON HEALTH. 5269 03:30:31,720 --> 03:30:33,560 MORE THAN ONE CONDITION WOULD 5270 03:30:33,560 --> 03:30:34,200 IDEALLY BE ADDRESSED AND WOULD 5271 03:30:34,200 --> 03:30:37,560 BE ENCOURAGED. 5272 03:30:37,560 --> 03:30:39,680 IN TERMS OF THE COLLABORATIVE 5273 03:30:39,680 --> 03:30:43,480 RESEARCH TEAMS THAT ARE 5274 03:30:43,480 --> 03:30:46,640 ENVISIONS, THEY WILL CONSISTENT 5275 03:30:46,640 --> 03:30:47,400 OF INVESTIGATORS BASED IN THE 5276 03:30:47,400 --> 03:30:52,520 U.S. INSTITUTIONS AND 5277 03:30:52,520 --> 03:30:54,160 COLLABORATE WITH INVESTIGATORS 5278 03:30:54,160 --> 03:30:57,400 IN INSTITUTIONS AND FUNDING 5279 03:30:57,400 --> 03:31:01,200 WOULD BE CHANNELLED THROUGH THE 5280 03:31:01,200 --> 03:31:02,560 U.S.-BASED INSTITUTIONS AND 5281 03:31:02,560 --> 03:31:05,120 EXPECT SUB AWARDS WITH LATIN 5282 03:31:05,120 --> 03:31:06,280 AMERICA INSTITUTION. 5283 03:31:06,280 --> 03:31:10,600 THE PROPORTION OF THE FUNDING 5284 03:31:10,600 --> 03:31:13,240 WOULD BE ALLOCATED IN A WAY TO 5285 03:31:13,240 --> 03:31:15,640 SUPPORT THE MAJORITY OF THE WORK 5286 03:31:15,640 --> 03:31:19,120 WHICH WILL BE PERFORMED IN LATIN 5287 03:31:19,120 --> 03:31:19,400 AMERICA. 5288 03:31:19,400 --> 03:31:24,560 WE ALSO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THAT 5289 03:31:24,560 --> 03:31:26,240 WE CAN TALK ABOUT ACADEMIC 5290 03:31:26,240 --> 03:31:26,840 INSTITUTIONS AS WELL AS OTHER 5291 03:31:26,840 --> 03:31:30,520 PARTNERSHIPS. 5292 03:31:30,520 --> 03:31:34,160 COLLABORATIONS WITH COUNTRIES 5293 03:31:34,160 --> 03:31:35,920 HIGHLY REPRESENTED IN THE 5294 03:31:35,920 --> 03:31:38,320 U.S. HISPANIC POPULATION ARE 5295 03:31:38,320 --> 03:31:42,520 EXPECTED INCLUDING PUERTO RICO 5296 03:31:42,520 --> 03:31:44,240 AND WHERE HE CAN ALSO EXPLORE 5297 03:31:44,240 --> 03:31:45,160 OTHER PARTNERSHIPS AND TRAINING 5298 03:31:45,160 --> 03:31:46,400 AND CAPACITY BUILDING COULD BE 5299 03:31:46,400 --> 03:31:49,280 EMBEDDED WITHIN THE CON TEXT OF 5300 03:31:49,280 --> 03:31:59,640 THE PROPOSED RESEARCH. 5301 03:32:05,200 --> 03:32:07,000 STUDIES THAT IDENTIFY CLINICAL 5302 03:32:07,000 --> 03:32:09,040 DISEASE PHENOTYPES AND CLINICAL 5303 03:32:09,040 --> 03:32:12,480 MANIFESTATIONS OF NCDs, 5304 03:32:12,480 --> 03:32:14,120 INTERVENTION OPTIMIZE PREVENTION 5305 03:32:14,120 --> 03:32:19,120 AND PREVENTIBLE COMPLICATIONS 5306 03:32:19,120 --> 03:32:24,440 THAT CAN BE REDUCED AND LOOKING 5307 03:32:24,440 --> 03:32:26,240 AT PERSONAL VIOLENCE ON HEALTH 5308 03:32:26,240 --> 03:32:28,400 AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 5309 03:32:28,400 --> 03:32:29,120 COVID-19 AND DIABETES AND 5310 03:32:29,120 --> 03:32:32,600 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 5311 03:32:32,600 --> 03:32:35,600 UNDER THE DOMAIN OR FIELD OF 5312 03:32:35,600 --> 03:32:38,160 HEALTH CARE SERVICES RESEARCH, 5313 03:32:38,160 --> 03:32:41,720 EXAMPLES INCLUDE INNOVATIVE 5314 03:32:41,720 --> 03:32:42,600 HEALTH CARE MODELS WHERE 5315 03:32:42,600 --> 03:32:43,240 MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS 5316 03:32:43,240 --> 03:32:45,360 ESPECIALLY WITHIN THE CONTEMPT 5317 03:32:45,360 --> 03:32:54,040 OF LOW-RESOURCED SETTINGS 5318 03:32:54,040 --> 03:32:54,880 INCLUDING FEASIBILITY AND 5319 03:32:54,880 --> 03:32:55,840 SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND 5320 03:32:55,840 --> 03:33:00,600 LOOKING AT UNDER SERVED 5321 03:33:00,600 --> 03:33:00,880 POPULATIONS. 5322 03:33:00,880 --> 03:33:01,600 EXAMPLES ARE INDIGENOUS 5323 03:33:01,600 --> 03:33:03,120 COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMUNITIES 5324 03:33:03,120 --> 03:33:07,120 OF AFRO DESCENT AND OTHER 5325 03:33:07,120 --> 03:33:07,640 POPULATIONS. 5326 03:33:07,640 --> 03:33:10,360 THE IMPACT OF HEALTH CARE AND 5327 03:33:10,360 --> 03:33:11,880 NON-HEALTH CARE POLICIES 5328 03:33:11,880 --> 03:33:18,120 IMPLEMENTATION ON THE 5329 03:33:18,120 --> 03:33:19,360 INTERVENTIONS AND LOOKING AT 5330 03:33:19,360 --> 03:33:23,800 DISASTERS AND OTHER HUMANITARIAN 5331 03:33:23,800 --> 03:33:24,840 CRISES. 5332 03:33:24,840 --> 03:33:27,120 UNDER THE DOMAIN OF 5333 03:33:27,120 --> 03:33:30,600 COMMUNITY-ENGAGED RESEARCH THE 5334 03:33:30,600 --> 03:33:31,240 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF COMMUNITY 5335 03:33:31,240 --> 03:33:32,360 AND SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 5336 03:33:32,360 --> 03:33:35,120 HEALTH AND HOW THEY CAN BE BEST 5337 03:33:35,120 --> 03:33:38,760 INTEGRATED INTO RESEARCH. 5338 03:33:38,760 --> 03:33:41,000 HOW A COMMUNITY-BASED STRATEGIES 5339 03:33:41,000 --> 03:33:43,200 THAT OPTIMIZE HEALTH PROMOTION. 5340 03:33:43,200 --> 03:33:44,720 THE EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF 5341 03:33:44,720 --> 03:33:47,120 SOCIAL AN HEALTH SERVICES. 5342 03:33:47,120 --> 03:33:52,520 THE IMPACT OF INTERPERSONAL 5343 03:33:52,520 --> 03:33:56,320 VIOLENCE ON COLLECTIVE HEALTH 5344 03:33:56,320 --> 03:33:59,120 AND COMMUNITY WELL BEING WITH 5345 03:33:59,120 --> 03:34:00,360 DISASTERS AND MECHANISMS OF 5346 03:34:00,360 --> 03:34:03,120 DISEASE AND RESILIENCE, THE 5347 03:34:03,120 --> 03:34:04,280 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF RACE AND 5348 03:34:04,280 --> 03:34:08,400 ETHNICITY AND HOW IT RELATES TO 5349 03:34:08,400 --> 03:34:09,640 RACISM AND DISCRIMINATION. 5350 03:34:09,640 --> 03:34:10,280 SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF HEALTH 5351 03:34:10,280 --> 03:34:11,840 AND HEALTH OUTCOMES AND 5352 03:34:11,840 --> 03:34:15,120 MECHANISMS OF RESILIENCE AND 5353 03:34:15,120 --> 03:34:17,840 PROTECTIVE FACTORS ESPECIALLY 5354 03:34:17,840 --> 03:34:19,800 RELATED TO LONGEVITY OR 5355 03:34:19,800 --> 03:34:20,200 MORTALITY. 5356 03:34:20,200 --> 03:34:21,440 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING AND I'M 5357 03:34:21,440 --> 03:34:28,840 GLAD TO ANSWER QUESTIONS. 5358 03:34:28,840 --> 03:34:32,240 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE 5359 03:34:32,240 --> 03:34:32,560 PRESENTATION. 5360 03:34:32,560 --> 03:34:37,680 DR. AVILES DO YOU HAVE COMMENTS 5361 03:34:37,680 --> 03:34:38,800 ON THE CONCEPT. 5362 03:34:38,800 --> 03:34:42,320 >> THE GOAL OF THE CONCEPT NOTE 5363 03:34:42,320 --> 03:34:44,840 AS JUST PRESENTED IS TO SUPPORT 5364 03:34:44,840 --> 03:34:47,080 RESEARCH THAT ADDRESSES HEALTH 5365 03:34:47,080 --> 03:34:49,200 AND HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES 5366 03:34:49,200 --> 03:34:51,800 RELATED TO NON-COMMUNICABLE 5367 03:34:51,800 --> 03:34:54,080 TODAYS WITH THE HIGHEST BURDEN 5368 03:34:54,080 --> 03:34:59,120 AND MORTALITY IN LATIN AMERICA 5369 03:34:59,120 --> 03:35:01,640 REPRESENTING AMONG U.S. HISPANIC 5370 03:35:01,640 --> 03:35:03,880 LATINOS AND THERE'S 5371 03:35:03,880 --> 03:35:06,960 HETEROGENEITY IN 5372 03:35:06,960 --> 03:35:07,880 NON-COMMUNITYICABLE DEPENDING ON 5373 03:35:07,880 --> 03:35:09,360 COUNTRY OF HERITAGE. 5374 03:35:09,360 --> 03:35:12,560 AND THERE IS A NEED TO ANALYZE 5375 03:35:12,560 --> 03:35:13,160 HISPANICS BY THEIR COUNTRY OF 5376 03:35:13,160 --> 03:35:15,920 HERITAGE. 5377 03:35:15,920 --> 03:35:18,520 THE SECOND GOAL IS SUPPORTING 5378 03:35:18,520 --> 03:35:22,320 THIS RESEARCH WILL HELP UNCOVER 5379 03:35:22,320 --> 03:35:23,560 UNDERSTANDING OF HISPANIC LATINO 5380 03:35:23,560 --> 03:35:25,880 HEALTH THAT CANNOT BE SOLELY 5381 03:35:25,880 --> 03:35:27,080 ACCOMPLISHED IN THE U.S. 5382 03:35:27,080 --> 03:35:28,880 I CONSIDER THIS GOAL 5383 03:35:28,880 --> 03:35:30,520 PARTICULARLY RELEVANT TO 5384 03:35:30,520 --> 03:35:32,240 HIGHLIGHT. 5385 03:35:32,240 --> 03:35:33,920 STUDIES CONDUCTED IN LATIN 5386 03:35:33,920 --> 03:35:34,920 AMERICA CAN PROVIDE A LARGER 5387 03:35:34,920 --> 03:35:37,360 SAMPLE SIZE OF THE TARGETED 5388 03:35:37,360 --> 03:35:38,120 POPULATION SO BETTER POSITION OF 5389 03:35:38,120 --> 03:35:39,360 THE ESTIMATES. 5390 03:35:39,360 --> 03:35:43,080 THEY COULD POTENTIALLY BE EASIER 5391 03:35:43,080 --> 03:35:45,480 TO IMPLEMENT AS WELL AS AT A 5392 03:35:45,480 --> 03:35:47,600 LOWER COST THAN IN THE U.S. 5393 03:35:47,600 --> 03:35:49,320 THERE HAS BEEN PREVIOUS EXAMPLES 5394 03:35:49,320 --> 03:35:51,080 OF VERY SUCCESSFUL INITIATIVES 5395 03:35:51,080 --> 03:35:54,840 IN LATIN AMERICA THAT HAVE 5396 03:35:54,840 --> 03:35:56,240 PRODUCED RESEARCH BREAKTHROUGHS 5397 03:35:56,240 --> 03:35:56,840 AS MENTIONED. 5398 03:35:56,840 --> 03:35:58,480 JUST TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE, THE 5399 03:35:58,480 --> 03:36:02,680 STUDY OF EARLIER ONSET OF 5400 03:36:02,680 --> 03:36:05,280 ALZHEIMER'S AT AGE 40 IN 5401 03:36:05,280 --> 03:36:05,720 COLOMBIA. 5402 03:36:05,720 --> 03:36:09,640 THERE'S EVIDENCE THE PROTEIN TAU 5403 03:36:09,640 --> 03:36:10,400 ACCUMULATES RAPIDLY IN THE 5404 03:36:10,400 --> 03:36:11,480 BRAINS OF PEOPLE WITH THE 5405 03:36:11,480 --> 03:36:13,880 DISEASE AS SYMPTOMS BEGIN TO 5406 03:36:13,880 --> 03:36:14,240 EMERGE. 5407 03:36:14,240 --> 03:36:15,760 OTHER RESEARCH HAS FOCUSSED ON 5408 03:36:15,760 --> 03:36:17,400 THE AMYLOID PROTEIN BUT SOME OF 5409 03:36:17,400 --> 03:36:18,880 THE CLINICAL TRIALS TESTING 5410 03:36:18,880 --> 03:36:21,000 DRUGS TO REDUCE AMYLOID PROTEIN 5411 03:36:21,000 --> 03:36:24,840 LEVELS HAVE FAILED TO RELIEF THE 5412 03:36:24,840 --> 03:36:29,360 SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE. 5413 03:36:29,360 --> 03:36:31,480 THIS HAS BEEN PARTICULARLY 5414 03:36:31,480 --> 03:36:33,600 SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF THE LARGER 5415 03:36:33,600 --> 03:36:36,440 SAMPLES OF PERSONS WITH EARLY 5416 03:36:36,440 --> 03:36:38,720 ONSET ALZHEIMER'S WITH THE SAME 5417 03:36:38,720 --> 03:36:40,000 GENETIC MUTATION. 5418 03:36:40,000 --> 03:36:41,080 MOREOVER, IT'S IMPORTANT TO 5419 03:36:41,080 --> 03:36:41,680 HIGHLIGHT RESEARCH IN LATIN 5420 03:36:41,680 --> 03:36:44,440 AMERICA CAN ALSO ALLOW FOR 5421 03:36:44,440 --> 03:36:45,600 CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS 5422 03:36:45,600 --> 03:36:47,760 PROVIDING RELEVANT INFORMATION 5423 03:36:47,760 --> 03:36:50,240 TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 5424 03:36:50,240 --> 03:36:51,120 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG 5425 03:36:51,120 --> 03:36:51,520 HISPANICS. 5426 03:36:51,520 --> 03:36:54,320 TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE, THE HISPANIC 5427 03:36:54,320 --> 03:36:57,160 HEALTH PARADOX THAT HAS 5428 03:36:57,160 --> 03:36:57,920 DOCUMENTED THAT HISPANIC 5429 03:36:57,920 --> 03:36:59,600 AMERICANS TEND TO HAVE SIMILAR 5430 03:36:59,600 --> 03:37:02,240 OR BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES TO 5431 03:37:02,240 --> 03:37:04,600 THEIR U.S. NON-HISPANIC WHITE 5432 03:37:04,600 --> 03:37:06,000 COUNTERPARTS THOUGH HISPANICS 5433 03:37:06,000 --> 03:37:10,080 HAVE LOWER AVERAGED INCOME AND 5434 03:37:10,080 --> 03:37:10,320 EDUCATION. 5435 03:37:10,320 --> 03:37:12,480 TO GIVE A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF 5436 03:37:12,480 --> 03:37:14,680 THE STUDIES, THERE'S LITERATURE 5437 03:37:14,680 --> 03:37:16,520 THAT HAS COMPARED MEXICAN 5438 03:37:16,520 --> 03:37:18,640 IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. TO 5439 03:37:18,640 --> 03:37:21,400 MEXICANS IN MEXICO ANALYZE THE 5440 03:37:21,400 --> 03:37:23,120 HISPANIC HEALTH PARADOX WITH 5441 03:37:23,120 --> 03:37:25,360 RESPECT TO MORTALITY AND OTHER 5442 03:37:25,360 --> 03:37:26,240 HEALTH OUTCOMES. 5443 03:37:26,240 --> 03:37:27,840 ANALYZING MEXICAN IMMIGRANT IN 5444 03:37:27,840 --> 03:37:30,000 THE U.S. AND RETURN MY GRANTS 5445 03:37:30,000 --> 03:37:38,280 AND NON-MIGRANTS HELPS BETTER 5446 03:37:38,280 --> 03:37:39,280 UNDERSTAND HEALTH SELECTION 5447 03:37:39,280 --> 03:37:41,240 COULD BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE OF 5448 03:37:41,240 --> 03:37:42,480 THE GROUPS OF POPULATION AND 5449 03:37:42,480 --> 03:37:44,840 THIS IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF 5450 03:37:44,840 --> 03:37:46,520 ACCESS OF DATA OF THESE 5451 03:37:46,520 --> 03:37:47,840 COMPARISONS TO THESE GROUPS IN 5452 03:37:47,840 --> 03:37:48,160 LATIN AMERICA. 5453 03:37:48,160 --> 03:37:50,080 A THIRD GOAL IS THE RESEARCH 5454 03:37:50,080 --> 03:37:51,520 WILL TRANSLATE INTO BETTER 5455 03:37:51,520 --> 03:37:53,120 HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR 5456 03:37:53,120 --> 03:37:54,520 U.S. HISPANICS AND OTHER 5457 03:37:54,520 --> 03:37:57,040 VULNERABLE GROUPS. 5458 03:37:57,040 --> 03:37:58,640 I CONSIDER THIS INITIATIVE AN 5459 03:37:58,640 --> 03:37:59,440 EFFECTIVE WAY TO ADVANCE 5460 03:37:59,440 --> 03:38:04,000 RESEARCH ON NON-COMMUNICABLE 5461 03:38:04,000 --> 03:38:05,800 DISEASES AND NEW RESEARCH 5462 03:38:05,800 --> 03:38:06,400 DISCOVERIES WILL BENEFIT THE 5463 03:38:06,400 --> 03:38:15,360 POPULATION IN GENERAL. 5464 03:38:15,360 --> 03:38:17,120 A PROGRAM LIKE THIS CAN SERVE AS 5465 03:38:17,120 --> 03:38:18,720 A MODEL FOR OTHER IMMIGRANT 5466 03:38:18,720 --> 03:38:23,120 COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. 5467 03:38:23,120 --> 03:38:24,800 IN TERMS OF THE EXAMPLE OF 5468 03:38:24,800 --> 03:38:27,360 RESEARCH PRIORITIES I WOULD ALSO 5469 03:38:27,360 --> 03:38:28,440 SUGGEST CONSIDERING CLIMATE 5470 03:38:28,440 --> 03:38:31,240 CHANGE, POLLUTION AND VARIETAL 5471 03:38:31,240 --> 03:38:34,200 EXPOSURES AND NON-COMMUNICABLE 5472 03:38:34,200 --> 03:38:35,600 DISEASES. 5473 03:38:35,600 --> 03:38:37,280 AND LOOKING AT ECONOMIC 5474 03:38:37,280 --> 03:38:38,280 DISADVANTAGES, CLIMATE AND 5475 03:38:38,280 --> 03:38:39,840 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES CAN 5476 03:38:39,840 --> 03:38:44,280 AFFECT THE ONSET OF 5477 03:38:44,280 --> 03:38:46,000 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE. 5478 03:38:46,000 --> 03:38:47,280 THERE'S AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 5479 03:38:47,280 --> 03:38:51,680 EXTREME WEATHER AND POLLUTION ON 5480 03:38:51,680 --> 03:38:52,920 COGNITIVE DECLINE. 5481 03:38:52,920 --> 03:38:54,840 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES MAY 5482 03:38:54,840 --> 03:38:57,760 CAUSE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AND 5483 03:38:57,760 --> 03:39:00,760 LOOKING AT THE RISK OF ADRD AND 5484 03:39:00,760 --> 03:39:04,960 THERE'S LITTLE ON HOW CLIMATE OR 5485 03:39:04,960 --> 03:39:07,000 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES CAN 5486 03:39:07,000 --> 03:39:09,000 AFFECT ECONOMICALLY 5487 03:39:09,000 --> 03:39:09,800 DISADVANTAGED POPULATION OR 5488 03:39:09,800 --> 03:39:10,440 VULNERABLE POPULATION AND 5489 03:39:10,440 --> 03:39:13,520 POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS. 5490 03:39:13,520 --> 03:39:15,880 CONGRATULATIONS TO DR. AVILES 5491 03:39:15,880 --> 03:39:16,920 SANTA FOR THE EXCELLENT CONCEPT 5492 03:39:16,920 --> 03:39:19,120 NOTE. 5493 03:39:19,120 --> 03:39:21,920 >> THANK YOU. 5494 03:39:21,920 --> 03:39:23,280 >> DR. CALVIN, DO YOU HAVE 5495 03:39:23,280 --> 03:39:23,560 COMMENTS. 5496 03:39:23,560 --> 03:39:33,880 >> YES, THANK YOU. 5497 03:39:45,160 --> 03:39:47,480 I STRONGLY SUPPORT THE CONCEPT. 5498 03:39:47,480 --> 03:39:49,160 IT'S WELL WRITTEN AND THE 5499 03:39:49,160 --> 03:39:50,280 EXAMPLES ARE VERY WORTHWHILE. 5500 03:39:50,280 --> 03:39:53,560 THE ABILITY TO LOOK AT 5501 03:39:53,560 --> 03:39:54,200 PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT 5502 03:39:54,200 --> 03:39:56,120 AND PROGNOSIS BETWEEN FOLKS 5503 03:39:56,120 --> 03:39:58,280 LIVING IN THEIR NATIVE OR 5504 03:39:58,280 --> 03:39:59,560 ANCESTRAL COUNTRIES TO THOSE WHO 5505 03:39:59,560 --> 03:40:01,280 IMMIGRATED TO THE U.S. IS A 5506 03:40:01,280 --> 03:40:03,080 GREAT WE TO LOOK AT HOW 5507 03:40:03,080 --> 03:40:04,400 STRUCTURAL RACISM AND STRESS 5508 03:40:04,400 --> 03:40:05,600 AFFECTS THE DISEASES OF 5509 03:40:05,600 --> 03:40:06,080 INTEREST. 5510 03:40:06,080 --> 03:40:08,160 IT ALSO OPENS THE DOOR TO MANY 5511 03:40:08,160 --> 03:40:09,480 EPIGENETSIC STUDIES. 5512 03:40:09,480 --> 03:40:11,120 I HAVE A FEW MINOR SUGGESTIONS 5513 03:40:11,120 --> 03:40:12,200 FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION ON THE 5514 03:40:12,200 --> 03:40:17,440 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT 5515 03:40:17,440 --> 03:40:23,440 BUT NOT ON THE CONCEPT ITSELF. 5516 03:40:23,440 --> 03:40:26,040 FIRST, I SUSPECT THERE'S A 5517 03:40:26,040 --> 03:40:26,680 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CURRENT 5518 03:40:26,680 --> 03:40:27,800 RESEARCH CENTERS AND THOSE IN 5519 03:40:27,800 --> 03:40:29,320 LATIN AMERICA COUNTRIES. 5520 03:40:29,320 --> 03:40:29,880 BUILDING ON THE WILL BE 5521 03:40:29,880 --> 03:40:31,120 IMPORTANT TO THE SUCCESS OF THIS 5522 03:40:31,120 --> 03:40:32,720 INITIATIVE. 5523 03:40:32,720 --> 03:40:34,960 AT THE SAME TIME, IMPORTANT WORK 5524 03:40:34,960 --> 03:40:37,200 MAY NEED TO BE DONE WHERE SUCH 5525 03:40:37,200 --> 03:40:38,360 RELATIONSHIPS DON'T CURRENTLY 5526 03:40:38,360 --> 03:40:40,760 EXIST AND SOME DEVELOPMENT YEAR 5527 03:40:40,760 --> 03:40:42,400 FUNDING MAY NEED TO BE AVAILABLE 5528 03:40:42,400 --> 03:40:44,160 TO ENGAGE IN THE WORK OF 5529 03:40:44,160 --> 03:40:45,240 BUILDING THOSE RESEARCH 5530 03:40:45,240 --> 03:40:45,880 RELATIONSHIPS WHERE THEY DON'T 5531 03:40:45,880 --> 03:40:53,760 CURRENTLY EXIST. 5532 03:40:53,760 --> 03:40:55,120 AND WE LOOK TO BE IN PLACE 5533 03:40:55,120 --> 03:40:56,640 WHERE'S ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIPS 5534 03:40:56,640 --> 03:40:58,320 MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE AT ALL. 5535 03:40:58,320 --> 03:40:59,800 LOOKING AT THE POSSIBILITY OF 5536 03:40:59,800 --> 03:41:04,680 PARTNERING WITH OTHER ENTITIES 5537 03:41:04,680 --> 03:41:07,360 AND OTHER COMMUNITY-BASED 5538 03:41:07,360 --> 03:41:09,080 PARTNERS IN RESEARCH MAY HELP 5539 03:41:09,080 --> 03:41:11,160 YOUR OTHER OBJECTIVE OF BUILDING 5540 03:41:11,160 --> 03:41:14,240 CAPACITY WHERE THERE'S LIMITED 5541 03:41:14,240 --> 03:41:24,680 CAPACITY NOW FOR RESEARCH. 5542 03:41:26,800 --> 03:41:28,600 AND WE LOOK AT THE IMPORTANT 5543 03:41:28,600 --> 03:41:31,120 WORK BEING DONE IN LATIN AMERICA 5544 03:41:31,120 --> 03:41:32,200 AS WE JUST HEARD WITH 5545 03:41:32,200 --> 03:41:33,280 ALZHEIMER'S. 5546 03:41:33,280 --> 03:41:37,360 WORK FOCUSSED ON ONE VERY 5547 03:41:37,360 --> 03:41:38,800 IMPORTANT CONDITION. 5548 03:41:38,800 --> 03:41:41,800 FINALLY, I'D SUGGEST LOOKING AT 5549 03:41:41,800 --> 03:41:44,280 THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE SPLIT OF 5550 03:41:44,280 --> 03:41:45,880 THE U.S. AND LATIN AMERICA 5551 03:41:45,880 --> 03:41:46,200 PARTNER. 5552 03:41:46,200 --> 03:41:48,160 BEING PRESCRIPTIVE HELPS TO 5553 03:41:48,160 --> 03:41:50,240 ESTABLISH THE INITIATIVE EXPECTS 5554 03:41:50,240 --> 03:41:53,280 THE MAJOR PORTION OF FUNDING TO 5555 03:41:53,280 --> 03:41:54,840 GO TO THE LATIN AMERICAN PARTNER 5556 03:41:54,840 --> 03:41:57,520 WHICH IS PARTNER BUT SETTING A 5557 03:41:57,520 --> 03:41:59,120 MINIMUM PERCENTAGE TO BE 5558 03:41:59,120 --> 03:42:01,560 ALLOCATED TO THE PARTNER OR 5559 03:42:01,560 --> 03:42:04,360 RANGE MAY PROVIDE MORE FLEXIBLE 5560 03:42:04,360 --> 03:42:07,040 TO ENABLE THE PARTNERS TO BETTER 5561 03:42:07,040 --> 03:42:08,120 ALLOCATE RESOURCES TO BE WHERE 5562 03:42:08,120 --> 03:42:11,000 THEY'LL BE MOST EFFECTIVE. 5563 03:42:11,000 --> 03:42:12,280 OVER ALL, IT'S A WELL-THOUGHT 5564 03:42:12,280 --> 03:42:13,840 OUT CONCEPT AND SUPPORT THE 5565 03:42:13,840 --> 03:42:16,000 ADOPTION FROM THE BOARD AND 5566 03:42:16,000 --> 03:42:17,000 THANK YOU FOR YOUR TEAM AND THE 5567 03:42:17,000 --> 03:42:19,120 HARD WORK IN PUTTING THIS 5568 03:42:19,120 --> 03:42:23,520 TOGETHER. 5569 03:42:23,520 --> 03:42:26,600 >> THANK YOU, FOR YOUR COMMENTS 5570 03:42:26,600 --> 03:42:29,560 AND THANK YOU, WE WILL 5571 03:42:29,560 --> 03:42:30,120 INCORPORATE THEM AFTERWARDS. 5572 03:42:30,120 --> 03:42:40,680 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5573 03:42:40,680 --> 03:42:43,200 ARE THERE ANY OTHER COMMENTS 5574 03:42:43,200 --> 03:42:46,160 FROM COUNCIL MEMBERS AT THIS 5575 03:42:46,160 --> 03:42:46,960 TIME? 5576 03:42:46,960 --> 03:42:50,280 ANY QUESTION OR COMMENT OR RAISE 5577 03:42:50,280 --> 03:43:00,440 YOUR HAND? 5578 03:43:01,560 --> 03:43:05,240 GOING TWICE, OKAY. 5579 03:43:05,240 --> 03:43:11,120 SEEING NONE WE'LL NOW ACCEPT A 5580 03:43:11,120 --> 03:43:13,280 MOTION TO MOVE THE CONCEPT 5581 03:43:13,280 --> 03:43:20,120 FORWARD FOR FOA DEVELOPMENT. 5582 03:43:20,120 --> 03:43:23,120 >> I MOVE TO SUPPORT THE NOTE 5583 03:43:23,120 --> 03:43:26,240 FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT. 5584 03:43:26,240 --> 03:43:30,800 >> ALL IN FAVOR. 5585 03:43:30,800 --> 03:43:31,120 ALL IN FAVOR WHY IN THE CHAT BOX 5586 03:43:31,120 --> 03:43:32,880 AND OPPOSED, ENTER "N". 5587 03:43:32,880 --> 03:43:35,200 AFTER MOVED AND PROPERLY 5588 03:43:35,200 --> 03:43:36,760 SECONDED IT WILL MOVE FORWARD TO 5589 03:43:36,760 --> 03:43:37,200 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY. 5590 03:43:37,200 --> 03:43:40,200 THE MOTION CARRIES. 5591 03:43:40,200 --> 03:43:41,680 >> THANK YOU AGAIN TO THE 5592 03:43:41,680 --> 03:43:42,600 COUNCIL AND THE COMMENTS. 5593 03:43:42,600 --> 03:43:46,240 I LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING THIS 5594 03:43:46,240 --> 03:43:54,280 CONCEPT DEVELOPED INTO AN FOA. 5595 03:43:54,280 --> 03:43:57,000 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5596 03:43:57,000 --> 03:43:58,600 >> WE'LL MOVE TO OUR SECOND 5597 03:43:58,600 --> 03:44:04,080 CONCEPT. 5598 03:44:04,080 --> 03:44:06,440 DR. WONNUM WILL PRESENT THE 5599 03:44:06,440 --> 03:44:08,600 SECOND CONCEPT ENTITLED HEALTH 5600 03:44:08,600 --> 03:44:09,640 DISPARITIES EXPERIENCED AMONG 5601 03:44:09,640 --> 03:44:10,600 PERSONS LIVING WITH 5602 03:44:10,600 --> 03:44:14,520 DISABILITIES. 5603 03:44:14,520 --> 03:44:16,240 >> GOOD AFTERNOON TO THE ENTIRE 5604 03:44:16,240 --> 03:44:16,640 COUNCIL. 5605 03:44:16,640 --> 03:44:18,080 THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 5606 03:44:18,080 --> 03:44:22,600 REPRESENT OUR MULTI-DISCIPLINARY 5607 03:44:22,600 --> 03:44:26,280 GROUP OF SCHOLARS ACROSS NIMHD 5608 03:44:26,280 --> 03:44:28,080 ON THE TOPIC AND I WOULD 5609 03:44:28,080 --> 03:44:29,760 ESPECIALLY LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE 5610 03:44:29,760 --> 03:44:32,320 WITH GRATITUDE THE COUNCIL 5611 03:44:32,320 --> 03:44:33,720 REVIEWERS WHO REVIEWED THE 5612 03:44:33,720 --> 03:44:35,600 CONCEPT, YOUR TIME AND CRITICAL 5613 03:44:35,600 --> 03:44:36,880 FEEDBACK WHICH WILL INFORM THE 5614 03:44:36,880 --> 03:44:37,760 SHAPING OF THIS CONCEPT GOING 5615 03:44:37,760 --> 03:44:42,600 FORWARD. 5616 03:44:42,600 --> 03:44:44,040 THE OBJECTIVE IS TO SUPPORT 5617 03:44:44,040 --> 03:44:46,600 NOVEL RESEARCH WHICH APPLIES AN 5618 03:44:46,600 --> 03:44:48,640 INTERSECTIONAL LENS TO EXAMINING 5619 03:44:48,640 --> 03:44:49,720 AND ADDRESSING HEALTH CARE AND 5620 03:44:49,720 --> 03:44:52,160 HEALTH DISPARITIES EXPERIENCED 5621 03:44:52,160 --> 03:44:53,800 AMONG PERSONS LIVING WITH 5622 03:44:53,800 --> 03:44:54,120 DISABILITIES. 5623 03:44:54,120 --> 03:44:57,080 THIS REVIEW OF UNIQUE SOCIAL 5624 03:44:57,080 --> 03:44:58,600 DETERMINATES AND HEALTH 5625 03:44:58,600 --> 03:45:03,640 DISPARITIES AMONG PERSONS LIVING 5626 03:45:03,640 --> 03:45:05,880 WITH DISABILITIES EXPANDS GAPS 5627 03:45:05,880 --> 03:45:08,720 AND THE DOMAIN OF INFLUENCE IS 5628 03:45:08,720 --> 03:45:11,240 VAST WHICH UNDER SCORES THE 5629 03:45:11,240 --> 03:45:13,720 ARGUMENT FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 5630 03:45:13,720 --> 03:45:17,200 ENDEAVORS. 5631 03:45:17,200 --> 03:45:18,440 MOREOVER, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT 5632 03:45:18,440 --> 03:45:23,160 OUR INTENT OF THE WORK GROUP IS 5633 03:45:23,160 --> 03:45:24,440 NOT ONLY TO BRING DISABILITY 5634 03:45:24,440 --> 03:45:26,600 GROUPS TO THE FOREFRONT BUT TO 5635 03:45:26,600 --> 03:45:28,480 FOCUS ON FUTURE RESEARCH 5636 03:45:28,480 --> 03:45:30,280 ENDEAVORS THAT ARE 5637 03:45:30,280 --> 03:45:30,640 INTERSECTIONAL. 5638 03:45:30,640 --> 03:45:32,120 PAIRING OR COMBINING STUDY 5639 03:45:32,120 --> 03:45:37,720 POPULATIONS NOT ONLY WITH 5640 03:45:37,720 --> 03:45:41,280 DISABILITIES PART OF OUR ALREADY 5641 03:45:41,280 --> 03:45:51,800 DEFINED MINE MINORITY GROUPS. 5642 03:45:55,960 --> 03:45:57,240 WE KNOW THE POPULATION OF 5643 03:45:57,240 --> 03:45:59,840 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IS 5644 03:45:59,840 --> 03:46:03,480 HETEROGENEOUS WITH DIFFERENT 5645 03:46:03,480 --> 03:46:05,160 BACKGROUNDS, LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES, 5646 03:46:05,160 --> 03:46:05,800 DISABLING CONDITIONS AND THUS 5647 03:46:05,800 --> 03:46:11,600 HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES. 5648 03:46:11,600 --> 03:46:13,720 WHERE HE ACKNOWLEDGE IT MAY BE 5649 03:46:13,720 --> 03:46:15,480 PRESENT AT BIRTH OR DUE TO 5650 03:46:15,480 --> 03:46:16,560 INJURY OR DEVELOP WITHIN THE 5651 03:46:16,560 --> 03:46:18,320 LIFE SPAN. 5652 03:46:18,320 --> 03:46:21,040 WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE DYNAMIC 5653 03:46:21,040 --> 03:46:23,000 NATURE AND SEVERITY AND IMPACT 5654 03:46:23,000 --> 03:46:26,040 ON A PERSON'S LIFE AND 5655 03:46:26,040 --> 03:46:27,200 FUNCTIONING MAY ALSO CHANGE OVER 5656 03:46:27,200 --> 03:46:37,320 TIME AND FURTHERMORE THERE'S 5657 03:46:37,320 --> 03:46:37,960 IMPACTS LIKE ENVIRONMENT AND 5658 03:46:37,960 --> 03:46:41,280 CONDITIONS AND RESOURCES. 5659 03:46:41,280 --> 03:46:44,600 OUR FOCUS IS ON MANY CURRENT 5660 03:46:44,600 --> 03:46:45,720 STABILITIES RATHER THAN ANY 5661 03:46:45,720 --> 03:46:50,960 TEMPORARY DISABLING CONDITION OR 5662 03:46:50,960 --> 03:46:56,760 DISEASES OF CENTRAL FOCUS OF 5663 03:46:56,760 --> 03:46:58,400 OTHER STUDIES. 5664 03:46:58,400 --> 03:47:02,600 20% OF THE ADULT POPULATION 5665 03:47:02,600 --> 03:47:08,040 LIVING WITH A DISABILITY AND 5666 03:47:08,040 --> 03:47:09,720 COGNITION IS MOST COMMON AMONG 5667 03:47:09,720 --> 03:47:11,720 ADULTS AND CHILDREN 5 AND OLDER. 5668 03:47:11,720 --> 03:47:13,720 EXAMPLES OF HEALTH DISPARITIES 5669 03:47:13,720 --> 03:47:14,720 AMONG ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES 5670 03:47:14,720 --> 03:47:17,280 COMPARED TO THE OVER ALL 5671 03:47:17,280 --> 03:47:21,120 POPULATION ARE OBESITY, NICOTINE 5672 03:47:21,120 --> 03:47:22,600 DEPENDENCE, MORE THAN TWICE THE 5673 03:47:22,600 --> 03:47:23,240 GENERAL POPULATION, DIABETES 5674 03:47:23,240 --> 03:47:25,560 MORE THAN TWICE THE GENERAL 5675 03:47:25,560 --> 03:47:26,160 POPULATION AND HEART DISEASE 5676 03:47:26,160 --> 03:47:29,400 WHICH AMOUNTS TO MORE THAN 5677 03:47:29,400 --> 03:47:30,240 THREE-FOLD THAT OF THE GENERAL 5678 03:47:30,240 --> 03:47:31,720 POPULATION. 5679 03:47:31,720 --> 03:47:34,280 FURTHERMORE, ADULTS LIVING WITH 5680 03:47:34,280 --> 03:47:36,080 THE DISABILITY OF SERIOUS 5681 03:47:36,080 --> 03:47:39,320 ILLNESS AND ASSOCIATED 5682 03:47:39,320 --> 03:47:42,600 FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT ACCOUNT 5683 03:47:42,600 --> 03:47:47,520 FOR 5. 6% AND IT'S CORRELATED 5684 03:47:47,520 --> 03:47:49,320 WITH DIABETES, OBESITY AND 5685 03:47:49,320 --> 03:47:50,600 HYPERTENSION AND THREE TIME 5686 03:47:50,600 --> 03:47:51,280 HIGHER MORTALITY RATE THAN THE 5687 03:47:51,280 --> 03:47:56,320 GENERAL POPULATION. 5688 03:47:56,320 --> 03:48:03,440 SOME PORP HEALTH DISPARITIES ARE 5689 03:48:03,440 --> 03:48:05,040 HIGHER RATES OF STROKE, HIGHER 5690 03:48:05,040 --> 03:48:08,560 RATES OF DEPRESSION, COVID 5691 03:48:08,560 --> 03:48:10,080 INFECTION AND DEATH AND POORER 5692 03:48:10,080 --> 03:48:13,720 QUALITY OF LIFE, FUNCTIONING, 5693 03:48:13,720 --> 03:48:15,600 SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY, 5694 03:48:15,600 --> 03:48:18,520 NUTRITION INSECURITY IMPACTING 5695 03:48:18,520 --> 03:48:22,480 HEALTH AND ADVERSE PRE AND POST 5696 03:48:22,480 --> 03:48:27,720 NATAL OUTCOMES PARTICULARLY 5697 03:48:27,720 --> 03:48:28,920 AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SOME 5698 03:48:28,920 --> 03:48:37,240 DISORDERS. 5699 03:48:37,240 --> 03:48:39,560 WITH FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT AND 5700 03:48:39,560 --> 03:48:41,760 THERE'S MANY FACTORS THE 5701 03:48:41,760 --> 03:48:43,720 EXPERIENCE OF THOSE LIVING WITH 5702 03:48:43,720 --> 03:48:45,080 DISABILITIES CAN BE COMPLICATED 5703 03:48:45,080 --> 03:48:46,600 ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN AND STILL 5704 03:48:46,600 --> 03:48:47,920 EXISTING INTERVENTIONS ARE 5705 03:48:47,920 --> 03:48:54,640 LARGELY FOCUSSED ON OLDER ADULTS 5706 03:48:54,640 --> 03:49:03,080 NOT NECESSARILY CROSS 5707 03:49:03,080 --> 03:49:04,680 MINORITIZED POPULATIONS AND 5708 03:49:04,680 --> 03:49:05,200 THERE'S CHARACTERISTICS 5709 03:49:05,200 --> 03:49:05,720 ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH 5710 03:49:05,720 --> 03:49:10,600 DISPARITIES. 5711 03:49:10,600 --> 03:49:12,400 AND THERE'S INTEGRATED SOCIAL 5712 03:49:12,400 --> 03:49:14,560 CARE INCLUSIVE OF NON-MEDICAL 5713 03:49:14,560 --> 03:49:16,440 SERVICE TO ADDRESS HOUSING, 5714 03:49:16,440 --> 03:49:17,960 FOOD, TRANSPORTATION, FINANCIAL 5715 03:49:17,960 --> 03:49:21,040 AND OTHER NEEDS IMPACTING AN 5716 03:49:21,040 --> 03:49:22,600 INDIVIDUAL'S HEALTH OR 5717 03:49:22,600 --> 03:49:23,240 COMMUNITY-INTERVENTIONS INTO 5718 03:49:23,240 --> 03:49:25,840 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS OR 5719 03:49:25,840 --> 03:49:27,840 ADAPTING CLINICAL CARE 5720 03:49:27,840 --> 03:49:29,920 GUIDELINES TO UNIQUE NEEDS OF 5721 03:49:29,920 --> 03:49:31,520 THOSE LIVING WITH EXACTS WHO 5722 03:49:31,520 --> 03:49:32,000 EXPERIENCE OTHER HEALTH 5723 03:49:32,000 --> 03:49:35,800 DISPARITIES. 5724 03:49:35,800 --> 03:49:39,160 AND THERE'S UNMET MEDICAL AND 5725 03:49:39,160 --> 03:49:40,280 DENTAL NEEDS CONTRIBUTING TO 5726 03:49:40,280 --> 03:49:42,680 HIGHER RATES OF HEALTH RISK AND 5727 03:49:42,680 --> 03:49:45,000 OUTCOMES. 5728 03:49:45,000 --> 03:49:47,600 RESEARCH TENDS TO HAVE LIMITED 5729 03:49:47,600 --> 03:49:49,760 SAMPLE SIZE AND SCOPE OR BE 5730 03:49:49,760 --> 03:49:54,360 REPRESENTED OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC 5731 03:49:54,360 --> 03:49:56,520 DIVERSITY, LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES OF 5732 03:49:56,520 --> 03:49:57,280 POPULATIONS LIVING WITH 5733 03:49:57,280 --> 03:49:57,600 DISABILITIES. 5734 03:49:57,600 --> 03:50:01,720 THERE'S BARRIERS TO OPTIMAL 5735 03:50:01,720 --> 03:50:04,640 HEALTH CARE SUCH AS HEALTH CARE 5736 03:50:04,640 --> 03:50:06,200 DISCRIMINATION AND ABLISM OR 5737 03:50:06,200 --> 03:50:06,920 MISPERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH, 5738 03:50:06,920 --> 03:50:10,560 BEHAVIOR AND QUALITY OF LIFE AND 5739 03:50:10,560 --> 03:50:11,160 PROGNOSIS. 5740 03:50:11,160 --> 03:50:13,280 LIMITED COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS 5741 03:50:13,280 --> 03:50:17,200 THAT SUPPORT VISUAL AND AUDITORY 5742 03:50:17,200 --> 03:50:19,960 AND COGNITIVE DISABILITIES AND 5743 03:50:19,960 --> 03:50:22,600 INACCESSIBILITY OF EQUIPMENT AND 5744 03:50:22,600 --> 03:50:28,240 BARRIERS TO OPT HEALTH CARE. 5745 03:50:28,240 --> 03:50:31,840 AND THERE MAY BE LESS ACCESS TO 5746 03:50:31,840 --> 03:50:33,840 FULL SCOPE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH AND 5747 03:50:33,840 --> 03:50:34,440 SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS WHEN 5748 03:50:34,440 --> 03:50:37,600 NEEDED OR MORE LIKELY TO HAVE 5749 03:50:37,600 --> 03:50:39,480 THEM ATTRIBUTED ERRONEOUSLY TO 5750 03:50:39,480 --> 03:50:42,560 THE DISABILITY RATHER THAN ANY 5751 03:50:42,560 --> 03:50:44,880 NEW OR CO-OCCURRING CONDITIONS. 5752 03:50:44,880 --> 03:50:45,600 THERE'S ALSO UNDER 5753 03:50:45,600 --> 03:50:46,360 PRIORITIZATION OF DISEASE 5754 03:50:46,360 --> 03:50:48,040 PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 5755 03:50:48,040 --> 03:50:49,000 WORK. 5756 03:50:49,000 --> 03:50:50,640 THERE'S LIMITED STUDY IN 5757 03:50:50,640 --> 03:50:52,800 INTERVENTIONS FOCUSSING ON 5758 03:50:52,800 --> 03:50:54,600 BETWEEN AND WITHIN GROUP 5759 03:50:54,600 --> 03:50:59,600 DIFFERENCES IN MULTIPLE 5760 03:50:59,600 --> 03:51:01,720 MINORITIZED GROUPS AND AFFECTING 5761 03:51:01,720 --> 03:51:02,280 COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING. 5762 03:51:02,280 --> 03:51:06,320 STUDY OF OLDER ADULTS, RACIAL 5763 03:51:06,320 --> 03:51:09,240 AND ETHNIC MINORITIES INCLUDING 5764 03:51:09,240 --> 03:51:11,960 INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS AND 5765 03:51:11,960 --> 03:51:12,920 SEXUAL-GENDER MINORITIES AND 5766 03:51:12,920 --> 03:51:13,720 PREGNANT PERSONS. 5767 03:51:13,720 --> 03:51:23,440 IN STUDIYSS -- IN STUDIES LOOKIG 5768 03:51:23,440 --> 03:51:25,760 AT PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO 5769 03:51:25,760 --> 03:51:32,480 DIFFERENT CARE IF NEEDED. 5770 03:51:32,480 --> 03:51:37,080 BASED UPON THE REVIEWS AND RICH 5771 03:51:37,080 --> 03:51:39,480 DISCOURSE WE RECOMMEND THE 5772 03:51:39,480 --> 03:51:41,800 FOLLOWING EXAMPLES NOT FULLY 5773 03:51:41,800 --> 03:51:43,720 INCLUSIVE OF RESEARCH PRIORITIES 5774 03:51:43,720 --> 03:51:47,160 WITH THE ALIGNMENT OF THE NIMHD 5775 03:51:47,160 --> 03:51:47,440 FRAMEWORK. 5776 03:51:47,440 --> 03:51:50,680 STUDY OF SOCIAL CARE SERVICES 5777 03:51:50,680 --> 03:51:54,000 AND SUPPORTS WHICH IMPROVE 5778 03:51:54,000 --> 03:51:54,280 OUTCOMES. 5779 03:51:54,280 --> 03:51:55,760 CLINICAL OR COMMUNITY ENGAGED 5780 03:51:55,760 --> 03:51:58,720 PREVENTION AND INTERVENTIONS TO 5781 03:51:58,720 --> 03:52:01,280 IMPROVE INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITY 5782 03:52:01,280 --> 03:52:01,800 LIKE COMMUNICATION, 5783 03:52:01,800 --> 03:52:04,080 TRANSPORTATION AND FINANCES, 5784 03:52:04,080 --> 03:52:04,640 HOUSING, FOOD, EMPLOYMENT, 5785 03:52:04,640 --> 03:52:09,840 ETCETERA. 5786 03:52:09,840 --> 03:52:11,840 INNOVATION TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF 5787 03:52:11,840 --> 03:52:18,200 LIFE ACROSS DOMAINS OF INFLUENCE 5788 03:52:18,200 --> 03:52:20,160 AND HEALTH SYSTEMS AND SERVICE 5789 03:52:20,160 --> 03:52:22,240 DELIVERIES INFLUENCING OUTCOMES 5790 03:52:22,240 --> 03:52:23,760 LIKE FACTORS AND MECHANISMS 5791 03:52:23,760 --> 03:52:29,800 INFLUENCING QUALITY CARE ACCESS, 5792 03:52:29,800 --> 03:52:32,400 UTILIZATION SCREENING, TREATMENT 5793 03:52:32,400 --> 03:52:34,000 AND REFERRALS AND CLINICAL 5794 03:52:34,000 --> 03:52:35,200 PRACTICE GUIDELINES AND 5795 03:52:35,200 --> 03:52:37,760 ADDRESSING BIASES AND 5796 03:52:37,760 --> 03:52:42,200 COMPOUNDING SOCIAL AND HEALTH 5797 03:52:42,200 --> 03:52:42,600 CONSIDERATIONS. 5798 03:52:42,600 --> 03:52:44,520 FACILITATORS TO IMPLEMENTING AND 5799 03:52:44,520 --> 03:52:47,160 SUSTAINING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO 5800 03:52:47,160 --> 03:52:52,240 COMPREHENSIVE AND CARE DELIVERY 5801 03:52:52,240 --> 03:52:52,480 MODELS. 5802 03:52:52,480 --> 03:52:54,200 OF NOTE, THE INTERVENTIONS NEED 5803 03:52:54,200 --> 03:52:56,160 TO THE COME FROM A PERSPECTIVE. 5804 03:52:56,160 --> 03:53:01,040 THE PLASTICITY OF THOSE LIVING 5805 03:53:01,040 --> 03:53:01,680 WITH DISABILITIES ARE 5806 03:53:01,680 --> 03:53:04,600 INTERESTING AND COPING BEHAVIORS 5807 03:53:04,600 --> 03:53:07,760 TO BE UNDERSTAND AND ENHANCED 5808 03:53:07,760 --> 03:53:10,600 AND CAPITALIZED UPON AND FURTHER 5809 03:53:10,600 --> 03:53:12,920 ADAPTED FOR OTHERS. 5810 03:53:12,920 --> 03:53:15,040 FURTHERMORE, WE RECOMMEND STUDY 5811 03:53:15,040 --> 03:53:16,560 OF DISABILITY CONDITIONS WITH 5812 03:53:16,560 --> 03:53:18,600 CO-OCCURRING DISEASES OR 5813 03:53:18,600 --> 03:53:19,400 COMORBIDITIES WHICH ADDRESS 5814 03:53:19,400 --> 03:53:21,880 BETWEEN AND WITHIN GROUP 5815 03:53:21,880 --> 03:53:23,520 DIFFERENCES AND INTERSECTIONAL 5816 03:53:23,520 --> 03:53:25,720 CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS 5817 03:53:25,720 --> 03:53:28,840 AND MITIGATING FACTORS OF 5818 03:53:28,840 --> 03:53:30,520 CONDITIONS DISEASE PROGRESSION 5819 03:53:30,520 --> 03:53:33,720 OR TREATMENT. 5820 03:53:33,720 --> 03:53:34,560 IMPLEMENTATION OR CLINICAL 5821 03:53:34,560 --> 03:53:36,680 PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR 5822 03:53:36,680 --> 03:53:37,280 DIAGNOSIS AND CARE AND 5823 03:53:37,280 --> 03:53:39,520 MANAGEMENT OF CONDITIONS. 5824 03:53:39,520 --> 03:53:42,600 POPULATION HEALTH MODELS TO 5825 03:53:42,600 --> 03:53:44,000 REDUCE COMPLICATING HEALTH RISK 5826 03:53:44,000 --> 03:53:44,520 FACTORS ACROSS DOMAINS OF 5827 03:53:44,520 --> 03:53:47,600 INFLUENCE. 5828 03:53:47,600 --> 03:53:49,400 FINALLY, EXPLORATION, 5829 03:53:49,400 --> 03:53:51,840 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 5830 03:53:51,840 --> 03:53:53,840 OF DISEASE PROMOTION STRATEGIES 5831 03:53:53,840 --> 03:53:55,360 WHICH ADDRESS TAILORED HEALTH 5832 03:53:55,360 --> 03:53:56,960 EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE, 5833 03:53:56,960 --> 03:53:59,560 SCREENING AND EARLY DETECTION 5834 03:53:59,560 --> 03:54:02,120 INTERVENTIONS EFFECTS, 5835 03:54:02,120 --> 03:54:04,280 NUMERATORS AN MODERATORS OF 5836 03:54:04,280 --> 03:54:06,000 HEALTH RISKS AND LEADING TO 5837 03:54:06,000 --> 03:54:06,520 DISABILITY CONDITIONS. 5838 03:54:06,520 --> 03:54:09,200 COMMUNITY ENGAGED OR 5839 03:54:09,200 --> 03:54:10,600 COLLABORATIVE DISASTER OR 5840 03:54:10,600 --> 03:54:12,120 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OR 5841 03:54:12,120 --> 03:54:12,760 RESPONSE INTERVENTIONS ACROSS 5842 03:54:12,760 --> 03:54:16,960 SECTORS AND DOMAINS. 5843 03:54:16,960 --> 03:54:22,160 THIS IS A DEVELOPING AREA WITH 5844 03:54:22,160 --> 03:54:25,720 ROOM TO LOOK UPON INCOMING DATA. 5845 03:54:25,720 --> 03:54:26,960 THE EMPHASIS TO SUPPORT NOVEL 5846 03:54:26,960 --> 03:54:28,640 RESEARCH APPLYING AN 5847 03:54:28,640 --> 03:54:30,520 INTERSECTIONAL LENS TO EXAMINING 5848 03:54:30,520 --> 03:54:33,800 AND ADDRESSING HEALTH CARE AND 5849 03:54:33,800 --> 03:54:35,120 HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG PEOPLE 5850 03:54:35,120 --> 03:54:36,440 LIVING WITH DISABILITIES 5851 03:54:36,440 --> 03:54:38,520 PARTICULARLY THOSE IN MULTIPLE 5852 03:54:38,520 --> 03:54:42,600 AND MINORITIZED POPULATION. 5853 03:54:42,600 --> 03:54:44,800 IT'S THE HOPE INITIATIVES RESULT 5854 03:54:44,800 --> 03:54:46,600 FROM THIS CONCEPT WILL SUPPORT 5855 03:54:46,600 --> 03:54:48,680 RESEARCH THAT ADVANCES OUR 5856 03:54:48,680 --> 03:54:50,800 UNDERSTANDING OF AND EFFORTS TO 5857 03:54:50,800 --> 03:54:53,360 MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF 5858 03:54:53,360 --> 03:54:54,720 UNDERLYING CAUSES AND CAUSAL 5859 03:54:54,720 --> 03:54:56,640 PATHWAYS OF HEALTH DISPARITIES 5860 03:54:56,640 --> 03:54:58,440 EXPERIENCED AMONG ADULTS AND 5861 03:54:58,440 --> 03:54:58,880 CHILDREN LIVING WITH 5862 03:54:58,880 --> 03:55:01,720 DISABILITIES. 5863 03:55:01,720 --> 03:55:02,600 THANK YOU. 5864 03:55:02,600 --> 03:55:06,560 I WELCOME YOUR QUESTIONS AND 5865 03:55:06,560 --> 03:55:06,920 YOUR FEEDBACK. 5866 03:55:06,920 --> 03:55:07,520 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THAT 5867 03:55:07,520 --> 03:55:12,040 PRESENTATION. 5868 03:55:12,040 --> 03:55:12,360 DR. BARNES. 5869 03:55:12,360 --> 03:55:14,080 >> YES. 5870 03:55:14,080 --> 03:55:16,920 >> I UNDERSTAND YOU WILL BE 5871 03:55:16,920 --> 03:55:17,960 PRESENTING COMMENTS FOR YOURSELF 5872 03:55:17,960 --> 03:55:18,720 AND DR. JOHNSON. 5873 03:55:18,720 --> 03:55:23,360 >> YES. 5874 03:55:23,360 --> 03:55:25,760 PROCEED, PLEASE. 5875 03:55:25,760 --> 03:55:26,840 >> THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY 5876 03:55:26,840 --> 03:55:30,520 TO COMMENT ON THE CONCEPT AND 5877 03:55:30,520 --> 03:55:32,720 THANK YOU DR. WONNUM FOR 5878 03:55:32,720 --> 03:55:35,320 PRESENTING A VERY CLEAR WAY 5879 03:55:35,320 --> 03:55:35,560 FORWARD. 5880 03:55:35,560 --> 03:55:39,080 THIS IS A TIMELY CONCEPT AND ONE 5881 03:55:39,080 --> 03:55:40,360 OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE. 5882 03:55:40,360 --> 03:55:41,720 THE PURPOSE IS TO BETTER 5883 03:55:41,720 --> 03:55:44,520 UNDERSTAND THE RANGE OF FACTORS 5884 03:55:44,520 --> 03:55:47,160 INTERACTIONS AND CAUSAL PATHWAYS 5885 03:55:47,160 --> 03:55:49,760 THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH 5886 03:55:49,760 --> 03:55:51,000 DISPARITIES EXPERIENCED AMONG 5887 03:55:51,000 --> 03:55:52,560 PERSONS LIVING WITH DISABILITIES 5888 03:55:52,560 --> 03:55:55,760 AND TO DEVELOP ACTIONABLE 5889 03:55:55,760 --> 03:55:57,560 STRATEGY TO MITIGATE THEIR 5890 03:55:57,560 --> 03:55:58,640 IMPACT ON HEALTH OUTCOMES AND 5891 03:55:58,640 --> 03:56:00,960 QUALITY OF LIFE. 5892 03:56:00,960 --> 03:56:01,600 ACCORDING TO THE EXISTING 5893 03:56:01,600 --> 03:56:05,840 LITERATURE AND WHAT YOU 5894 03:56:05,840 --> 03:56:09,120 PRESENTED, THIS IS A POPULATION 5895 03:56:09,120 --> 03:56:09,800 THAT RECEIVED LITTLE PUBLIC 5896 03:56:09,800 --> 03:56:13,720 HEALTH ATTENTION AND THERE'S A 5897 03:56:13,720 --> 03:56:17,920 DEARTH OF RESEARCH THAT EXAMINES 5898 03:56:17,920 --> 03:56:18,200 THIS. 5899 03:56:18,200 --> 03:56:19,760 THIS WAS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE 5900 03:56:19,760 --> 03:56:22,200 WORKSHOP SPONSORED BY THE 5901 03:56:22,200 --> 03:56:24,280 NATIONAL ACADEMIES IN 2016 ON 5902 03:56:24,280 --> 03:56:26,600 THE INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN HEALTH 5903 03:56:26,600 --> 03:56:27,720 DISPARITIES, DISABILITIES, 5904 03:56:27,720 --> 03:56:29,600 HEALTH EQUITY AND HEALTH 5905 03:56:29,600 --> 03:56:29,840 LITERACY. 5906 03:56:29,840 --> 03:56:33,080 THE REPORT FROM THAT WORKSHOP, 5907 03:56:33,080 --> 03:56:34,600 THE BURGEONING BODY OF 5908 03:56:34,600 --> 03:56:36,920 LITERATURE ON DISABILITY AND 5909 03:56:36,920 --> 03:56:37,560 HEALTH AS WELL AS INFORMATION 5910 03:56:37,560 --> 03:56:41,920 AND RESOURCES COMING OUT OF THE 5911 03:56:41,920 --> 03:56:42,520 ADMINISTRATION FOR COMMUNITY 5912 03:56:42,520 --> 03:56:46,080 LIVING ALL UNDER SCORE THE NEED 5913 03:56:46,080 --> 03:56:49,760 FOR FOCUSSED EXAMINE OF THE 5914 03:56:49,760 --> 03:56:51,160 MULTI-LEVEL FACTORS THAT 5915 03:56:51,160 --> 03:56:52,080 INFLUENCE THOSE LIVING WITH 5916 03:56:52,080 --> 03:56:53,360 DISABILITIES. 5917 03:56:53,360 --> 03:56:53,920 THE CONCEPT AND YOUR 5918 03:56:53,920 --> 03:56:56,000 PRESENTATION INCLUDED A NUMBER 5919 03:56:56,000 --> 03:56:57,800 OF IMPORTANT POINTS THAT WERE 5920 03:56:57,800 --> 03:57:00,080 HELPFUL IN UNDERSTANDING THE 5921 03:57:00,080 --> 03:57:00,760 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM FOR 5922 03:57:00,760 --> 03:57:04,080 BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS 5923 03:57:04,080 --> 03:57:05,560 INCLUDING THE EXAMPLES YOU GAVE 5924 03:57:05,560 --> 03:57:13,040 OF THE CLAIR -- THE GLARING 5925 03:57:13,040 --> 03:57:13,240 GAPS. 5926 03:57:13,240 --> 03:57:14,960 AND THE MAJORITY OF EXISTING 5927 03:57:14,960 --> 03:57:17,320 RESEARCH HAS FOCUSSED ON ISSUES 5928 03:57:17,320 --> 03:57:18,760 OF ACCESS OR LACK OF ACCESS. 5929 03:57:18,760 --> 03:57:20,960 A KEY STRENGTH OF THE CONCEPT IS 5930 03:57:20,960 --> 03:57:24,880 IT AIMS TO BROADEN THE SCOPE OF 5931 03:57:24,880 --> 03:57:26,560 AVAILABLE RESEARCH BY CALLING 5932 03:57:26,560 --> 03:57:28,880 FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF 5933 03:57:28,880 --> 03:57:30,600 MITIGATING FACTORS AND CAUSAL 5934 03:57:30,600 --> 03:57:33,760 PATHWAYS THAT MAY INFLUENCE 5935 03:57:33,760 --> 03:57:35,040 DISPARITIES IN THE POPULATION. 5936 03:57:35,040 --> 03:57:38,040 A FEW COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS THAT 5937 03:57:38,040 --> 03:57:38,720 YOU MIGHT CONSIDER AS YOU 5938 03:57:38,720 --> 03:57:40,000 FURTHER DEVELOP THE CONCEPT 5939 03:57:40,000 --> 03:57:41,720 INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AND 5940 03:57:41,720 --> 03:57:45,320 AGAIN THIS IS AN INCORPORATION 5941 03:57:45,320 --> 03:57:50,120 OF DR. JOHNSON'S THOUGHTS AS 5942 03:57:50,120 --> 03:57:51,840 WELL AS MY OWN. 5943 03:57:51,840 --> 03:57:52,520 FIRST, SUPPORTING RESEARCH THAT 5944 03:57:52,520 --> 03:57:56,480 WILL APPLY AN INTERSECTIONAL 5945 03:57:56,480 --> 03:58:00,840 LENS BUT IT'S NOT ENTIRELY CLEAR 5946 03:58:00,840 --> 03:58:04,000 HOW INTERSECTIONALITY IS BEING 5947 03:58:04,000 --> 03:58:05,640 OPERATIONALIZED AND ONE IS TO 5948 03:58:05,640 --> 03:58:06,920 FOCUS ON PERSONS WITH 5949 03:58:06,920 --> 03:58:11,360 DISABILITIES WHO HAVE ANOTHER 5950 03:58:11,360 --> 03:58:12,240 MARGINALIZED OR MINORITIZED 5951 03:58:12,240 --> 03:58:18,320 PRIORITY AS A HEALTH DISPARITY 5952 03:58:18,320 --> 03:58:19,280 POPULATION. 5953 03:58:19,280 --> 03:58:21,480 AS NIMHD HAS FREQUENTLY FOR 5954 03:58:21,480 --> 03:58:22,280 OTHER HEALTH CONDITIONS. 5955 03:58:22,280 --> 03:58:24,120 WHILE IT WAS DESCRIBED IN THE 5956 03:58:24,120 --> 03:58:25,160 CONCEPT, IT INCLUDES OTHER AREAS 5957 03:58:25,160 --> 03:58:27,920 OF FOCUS WHICH MAY ALSO BE 5958 03:58:27,920 --> 03:58:29,080 CONSIDERED INTERSECTIONAL SUCH 5959 03:58:29,080 --> 03:58:31,760 AS PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES WHO 5960 03:58:31,760 --> 03:58:33,080 ARE CO-OCCURRING MEDICAL 5961 03:58:33,080 --> 03:58:33,640 CONDITIONS. 5962 03:58:33,640 --> 03:58:37,200 IT'S IMPORTANT TO CLEARLY DEFINE 5963 03:58:37,200 --> 03:58:38,600 INTERSECTIONALITY TO ENSURE 5964 03:58:38,600 --> 03:58:40,800 RESPONSIVE PROPOSALS IN 5965 03:58:40,800 --> 03:58:44,920 ALIGNMENT WITH THE MISSION OF 5966 03:58:44,920 --> 03:58:45,200 NIMHD. 5967 03:58:45,200 --> 03:58:47,040 A SECOND POINT EXPLAINS TO THE 5968 03:58:47,040 --> 03:58:52,160 BROADNESS OF THE DEFINITION OF 5969 03:58:52,160 --> 03:58:55,280 DISABILITIES AND THE A.D.A.s 5970 03:58:55,280 --> 03:58:57,800 BROAD DEFINITION WAS MENTIONED 5971 03:58:57,800 --> 03:58:59,920 IN THE BACKGROUND AND WE KNOW 5972 03:58:59,920 --> 03:59:00,640 THERE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS PEOPLE 5973 03:59:00,640 --> 03:59:03,040 EXPERIENCE DISABILITIES. 5974 03:59:03,040 --> 03:59:03,560 SOME PEOPLE EXPERIENCE 5975 03:59:03,560 --> 03:59:13,320 DISABILITIES DURING EARLY LIFE. 5976 03:59:13,320 --> 03:59:17,160 AND SOME DEVELOP AND IT'S 5977 03:59:17,160 --> 03:59:22,080 PLAUSIBLE SOCIAL AND SOCIAL 5978 03:59:22,080 --> 03:59:22,960 DETERMINATES CAN IMPACT 5979 03:59:22,960 --> 03:59:25,480 DIFFERENT GROUPS. 5980 03:59:25,480 --> 03:59:30,680 DO WE WANT A MORE ON THE 5981 03:59:30,680 --> 03:59:31,240 CONCEPT? 5982 03:59:31,240 --> 03:59:32,480 THIRD, THE RESEARCH PRIORITIES 5983 03:59:32,480 --> 03:59:34,440 TO A LARGE DEGREE FOCUS ON 5984 03:59:34,440 --> 03:59:39,560 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY WHICH IS 5985 03:59:39,560 --> 03:59:43,120 IMPORTANT GIVEN A BROADER RANGE 5986 03:59:43,120 --> 03:59:45,400 OF TOPIC IN THE NIMHD HEALTH 5987 03:59:45,400 --> 03:59:47,040 DISPARITIES FRAMEWORK AND MAY 5988 03:59:47,040 --> 03:59:49,800 ALSO BE IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER A 5989 03:59:49,800 --> 03:59:52,320 LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE THAT 5990 03:59:52,320 --> 03:59:53,920 ALLOWS FOR AN EXPECTATION IN THE 5991 03:59:53,920 --> 03:59:55,760 WAY HEALTH CARE NEEDS CHANGE AS 5992 03:59:55,760 --> 03:59:58,920 PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES 5993 03:59:58,920 --> 04:00:01,760 TRANSITION FROM PEDIATRIC CARE 5994 04:00:01,760 --> 04:00:03,760 TO ADULT SYSTEMS OR HOW TO 5995 04:00:03,760 --> 04:00:06,320 UNDERSTAND HOW NEEDS OR BARRIERS 5996 04:00:06,320 --> 04:00:08,040 CHANGE AS PEOPLE AGE. 5997 04:00:08,040 --> 04:00:08,880 FOURTH, THERE'S ATTENTION 5998 04:00:08,880 --> 04:00:12,240 THROUGHOUT THE CONCEPT ON 5999 04:00:12,240 --> 04:00:13,760 INTERSECTION OF DISABILITY WITH 6000 04:00:13,760 --> 04:00:16,320 RACE AND ETHNICITY AND SOCIO 6001 04:00:16,320 --> 04:00:18,080 ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND A GAP 6002 04:00:18,080 --> 04:00:19,640 IN OUR KNOWLEDGE THAT BEARS 6003 04:00:19,640 --> 04:00:21,400 CALLING OUT IS THE DEARTH OF 6004 04:00:21,400 --> 04:00:22,360 INFORMATION ON PEOPLE WITH 6005 04:00:22,360 --> 04:00:24,280 DISABILITIES IN RURAL 6006 04:00:24,280 --> 04:00:26,440 COMMUNITIES AND TRIBAL NATIONS 6007 04:00:26,440 --> 04:00:27,800 SPECIFICALLY WHO OFTEN HAVE LESS 6008 04:00:27,800 --> 04:00:28,320 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND 6009 04:00:28,320 --> 04:00:31,440 TREATMENT. 6010 04:00:31,440 --> 04:00:33,440 HOW DOES THAT AMPLIFY HEALTH 6011 04:00:33,440 --> 04:00:35,000 DISPARITIES FOR THIS POPULATION? 6012 04:00:35,000 --> 04:00:39,160 I REALLY LIKE THAT YOU MENTIONED 6013 04:00:39,160 --> 04:00:40,600 LOOKING AT PROTECTIVE MEASURES 6014 04:00:40,600 --> 04:00:42,200 AND RESILIENCE FACTORS. 6015 04:00:42,200 --> 04:00:46,720 I THINK THAT IS REALLY SOMETHING 6016 04:00:46,720 --> 04:00:50,600 POSITIVE TO STRESS IN THIS 6017 04:00:50,600 --> 04:00:52,000 CONCEPT AND I ENCOURAGE 6018 04:00:52,000 --> 04:00:54,640 FURTHER -- A DEEPER DIVE ON THAT 6019 04:00:54,640 --> 04:00:56,440 PARTICULAR ASPECT. 6020 04:00:56,440 --> 04:00:58,360 IN CLOSING, BOTH DR. JOHNSON AND 6021 04:00:58,360 --> 04:00:59,520 MYSELF WERE VERY SUPPORTIVE OF 6022 04:00:59,520 --> 04:01:01,760 THIS CONCEPT AND WE APPLAUD THE 6023 04:01:01,760 --> 04:01:04,120 EFFORTS OF YOUR ENTIRE TEAM. 6024 04:01:04,120 --> 04:01:06,880 THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 6025 04:01:06,880 --> 04:01:10,120 COMMENT. 6026 04:01:10,120 --> 04:01:18,560 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 6027 04:01:18,560 --> 04:01:22,160 >> THANK YOU, DR. BARNES. 6028 04:01:22,160 --> 04:01:25,760 ARE THERE ADDITIONAL COMMENTS 6029 04:01:25,760 --> 04:01:36,240 FROM OTHER COUNCIL MEMBERS? 6030 04:01:37,040 --> 04:01:38,680 >> SEEING NO HANDS RAISED OR 6031 04:01:38,680 --> 04:01:42,720 COMMENTS OR COMMENTS IN THE CHAT 6032 04:01:42,720 --> 04:01:46,560 BOX, I WILL ASK FOR A MOTION TO 6033 04:01:46,560 --> 04:01:49,480 MOVE THE CONCEPT FORWARD 6034 04:01:49,480 --> 04:01:52,760 >> I MOVE TO ACCEPT THE CONCEPT 6035 04:01:52,760 --> 04:01:54,480 TO MOVE FORWARD FOR FUNDING 6036 04:01:54,480 --> 04:02:00,560 OPPORTUNITIES. 6037 04:02:00,560 --> 04:02:01,520 >> CAN I GET ANOTHER COUNCIL 6038 04:02:01,520 --> 04:02:02,000 MEMBER TO SECOND THAT? 6039 04:02:02,000 --> 04:02:12,360 >> I SECOND. 6040 04:02:12,360 --> 04:02:14,600 >> THANK YOU. 6041 04:02:14,600 --> 04:02:16,840 ALL IN FAVOR, ENTER "Y" IN THE 6042 04:02:16,840 --> 04:02:19,720 CHAT BOX, ANY OPPOSED, ENTER "N" 6043 04:02:19,720 --> 04:02:30,000 IN THE CHAT BOX. 6044 04:02:45,400 --> 04:02:46,480 AFTER HAVING BEEN MOVED AND 6045 04:02:46,480 --> 04:02:47,680 PROPERLY SECONDED THE CONCEPT 6046 04:02:47,680 --> 04:02:50,600 WILL MOVE FORWARD TO FUNDING 6047 04:02:50,600 --> 04:02:51,120 OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT 6048 04:02:51,120 --> 04:02:54,680 DEVELOPMENT. 6049 04:02:54,680 --> 04:03:02,560 THANK YOU. 6050 04:03:02,560 --> 04:03:04,800 OKAY. 6051 04:03:04,800 --> 04:03:10,480 WE'RE GOING TO MOVE ON TO MY 6052 04:03:10,480 --> 04:03:17,760 VERY QUICK AND BRIEF REQUEST TO 6053 04:03:17,760 --> 04:03:18,480 THE COUNCIL. 6054 04:03:18,480 --> 04:03:20,840 THIS IS A REQUIRED STEP TO 6055 04:03:20,840 --> 04:03:26,320 APPROVE A WORKING GROUP. 6056 04:03:26,320 --> 04:03:29,200 BEFORE THAT GROUP IS FORMED, THE 6057 04:03:29,200 --> 04:03:30,080 COUNCIL MUST APPROVE A 6058 04:03:30,080 --> 04:03:31,080 FUNCTIONAL STATEMENT. 6059 04:03:31,080 --> 04:03:34,400 SO WIN THE APPROVAL OF THE 6060 04:03:34,400 --> 04:03:38,800 COUNCIL, OF THE FUNCTIONAL 6061 04:03:38,800 --> 04:03:40,880 STATEMENT, WOULD WILL CONVENE A 6062 04:03:40,880 --> 04:03:44,200 WORKING GROUP TO PROVIDE GENERAL 6063 04:03:44,200 --> 04:03:47,800 GUIDANCE AND STRATEGIC DIRECTION 6064 04:03:47,800 --> 04:03:53,080 TO NIMHD REGARDING OPPORTUNITIES 6065 04:03:53,080 --> 04:03:54,520 TO ADVANCE HEALTH DISPARITIES 6066 04:03:54,520 --> 04:03:55,080 AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH 6067 04:03:55,080 --> 04:03:59,760 DISABILITIES. 6068 04:03:59,760 --> 04:04:01,720 THE WORKING GROUP IS CHARGED 6069 04:04:01,720 --> 04:04:03,800 WITH REVIEWING THE STATE OF THE 6070 04:04:03,800 --> 04:04:06,560 SCIENCE AND PROVIDING GAPS AND 6071 04:04:06,560 --> 04:04:07,720 RESEARCH NEEDS AND STRATEGIC 6072 04:04:07,720 --> 04:04:09,320 OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISPARITIES 6073 04:04:09,320 --> 04:04:14,600 RESEARCH WITH A LENS ON THOSE 6074 04:04:14,600 --> 04:04:15,680 LIVING WITH DISABILITIES AND 6075 04:04:15,680 --> 04:04:18,240 WOULD LIBERATE AND ADVISE ON THE 6076 04:04:18,240 --> 04:04:20,080 BENEFITS AND RISK OF EXPANDING 6077 04:04:20,080 --> 04:04:21,560 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF 6078 04:04:21,560 --> 04:04:26,280 HEALTH DESIGNATED HEALTH 6079 04:04:26,280 --> 04:04:27,000 DISPARITIES POPULATION TO 6080 04:04:27,000 --> 04:04:28,560 INCLUDE PERSONS LIVING WITH 6081 04:04:28,560 --> 04:04:28,880 DISABILITY. 6082 04:04:28,880 --> 04:04:33,520 THIS WILL INCLUDE FOCUSSING ON 6083 04:04:33,520 --> 04:04:38,560 THE MISSION PART, PROCESS AND 6084 04:04:38,560 --> 04:04:41,840 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF NIMHD. 6085 04:04:41,840 --> 04:04:46,600 WORKING GROUP MEMBERSHIP WILL 6086 04:04:46,600 --> 04:04:48,720 INCLUDE SELECTIVE COUNCIL 6087 04:04:48,720 --> 04:04:49,600 MEMBERS AS WELL AS INDIVIDUALS 6088 04:04:49,600 --> 04:04:50,600 WITH APPROPRIATE EXPERTISE AND 6089 04:04:50,600 --> 04:04:52,840 THE WORKING GROUP WILL ADVISE 6090 04:04:52,840 --> 04:04:56,280 THE COUNCIL AND THE DIRECTOR OF 6091 04:04:56,280 --> 04:04:56,560 NIMHD. 6092 04:04:56,560 --> 04:04:58,040 MAY I HAVE A MOTION TO APPROVE 6093 04:04:58,040 --> 04:05:02,560 THE FUNCTIONAL STATEMENT TO 6094 04:05:02,560 --> 04:05:05,720 CONVENE A WORKING GROUP ON 6095 04:05:05,720 --> 04:05:07,760 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND 6096 04:05:07,760 --> 04:05:09,320 LIVING WITH HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6097 04:05:09,320 --> 04:05:10,600 >> SO MOVED. 6098 04:05:10,600 --> 04:05:12,920 >> MAY I HAVE A SECOND. 6099 04:05:12,920 --> 04:05:14,040 >> SECOND. 6100 04:05:14,040 --> 04:05:17,960 >> ALL IN FAVOR, "Y" IN THE CHAT 6101 04:05:17,960 --> 04:05:21,160 BOX AND ANY OPPOSED MAY ENTER AN 6102 04:05:21,160 --> 04:05:31,640 "N" IN THE CHAT BOX AS WELL. 6103 04:05:44,680 --> 04:05:46,560 >> THE MOTION PASSES AND THE 6104 04:05:46,560 --> 04:05:47,720 FUNCTIONAL STATEMENT APPROVED 6105 04:05:47,720 --> 04:05:48,520 FOR THE FORMATION OF THE WORKING 6106 04:05:48,520 --> 04:05:58,640 GROUP. 6107 04:06:02,920 --> 04:06:09,240 I'LL PASS IT BACK TO 6108 04:06:09,240 --> 04:06:13,760 DR. PEREZ-STABLE FOR HIS REMARKS 6109 04:06:13,760 --> 04:06:16,160 AND ADJOURNMENT. 6110 04:06:16,160 --> 04:06:25,720 >> CAN WE STOP SCREEN SHARING 6111 04:06:25,720 --> 04:06:28,040 AND MAYBE SEE EVERYBODY AGAIN I 6112 04:06:28,040 --> 04:06:29,720 THINK I'VE SPOKEN ENOUGH TODAY 6113 04:06:29,720 --> 04:06:33,200 AND WANT TO THANK YOU FOR YOUR 6114 04:06:33,200 --> 04:06:37,800 SERVICE AND FOR TAKING TIME TO 6115 04:06:37,800 --> 04:06:41,960 BE WITH US MOST THE LAST TWO 6116 04:06:41,960 --> 04:06:42,160 DAYS. 6117 04:06:42,160 --> 04:06:45,160 I KNOW THAT THOSE -- ALL OF YOU 6118 04:06:45,160 --> 04:06:46,240 HAVE BEEN DOING THIS A LITTLE 6119 04:06:46,240 --> 04:06:50,560 BIT AND UNDERSTANDING THE 6120 04:06:50,560 --> 04:06:56,200 IMPORTANCE AND VALUE AND THE 6121 04:06:56,200 --> 04:06:57,200 ADVICE WE AS NIMHD STAFF AND 6122 04:06:57,200 --> 04:07:02,600 LEADERS GET FROM YOU. 6123 04:07:02,600 --> 04:07:06,600 WE'RE NO LONGER IN THE SAME 6124 04:07:06,600 --> 04:07:09,240 CRISIS MENTALITY WE WERE IN 2020 6125 04:07:09,240 --> 04:07:16,880 AND 2021 AS WE HAVE ADAPTED TO A 6126 04:07:16,880 --> 04:07:18,360 CHRONIC STATE WHICH IS MY 6127 04:07:18,360 --> 04:07:22,560 COMFORT ZONE AS A CHRONIC 6128 04:07:22,560 --> 04:07:27,560 INTERNIST DEALING WITH CHRONIC 6129 04:07:27,560 --> 04:07:30,600 DISEASE AND THE INTENSITY AND 6130 04:07:30,600 --> 04:07:32,560 IMPORTANCE OF OUR WORK ISN'T 6131 04:07:32,560 --> 04:07:35,080 DIMINISHED AT ALL. 6132 04:07:35,080 --> 04:07:36,640 I THINK THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES 6133 04:07:36,640 --> 04:07:38,240 OF HEALTH IS IN A VERY DIFFERENT 6134 04:07:38,240 --> 04:07:43,520 SPACE TODAY THAN THREE YEARS 6135 04:07:43,520 --> 04:07:43,680 AGO. 6136 04:07:43,680 --> 04:07:46,280 I THINK THE PANDEMIC HAS BEEN 6137 04:07:46,280 --> 04:07:49,760 THE TRIGGER BUT OTHER SOCIAL 6138 04:07:49,760 --> 04:07:51,000 FORCE HAVE LED TO CHANGE IN THE 6139 04:07:51,000 --> 04:07:57,200 WORLD OF SCIENCE. 6140 04:07:57,200 --> 04:07:58,360 MANY ARE OCCURRING AT THE SAME 6141 04:07:58,360 --> 04:08:04,800 TIME AND THE ISSUES RELATED TO 6142 04:08:04,800 --> 04:08:09,400 SOCIAL JUSTICE AND PROMOTING THE 6143 04:08:09,400 --> 04:08:10,040 IMPROVEMENT THOSE MOST 6144 04:08:10,040 --> 04:08:15,200 DISADVANTAGED AND DIMINISHING 6145 04:08:15,200 --> 04:08:20,120 THE WELL DESCRIBED DISPARITIES 6146 04:08:20,120 --> 04:08:21,520 AS WELL AS INTERVENTION WORK FOR 6147 04:08:21,520 --> 04:08:24,240 ALL SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION 6148 04:08:24,240 --> 04:08:25,800 IN COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES HAS 6149 04:08:25,800 --> 04:08:28,880 NOT DIMINISHED AT ALL, IF 6150 04:08:28,880 --> 04:08:30,760 ANYTHING HAS BEEN HEIGHTENED 6151 04:08:30,760 --> 04:08:31,760 WITH WHAT'S HAPPENED THE LAST 6152 04:08:31,760 --> 04:08:35,560 THREE YEARS. 6153 04:08:35,560 --> 04:08:37,400 WITH THAT SAID, I AGAIN WANT TO 6154 04:08:37,400 --> 04:08:42,600 THANK THE PRESENTERS, 6155 04:08:42,600 --> 04:08:46,440 PARTICULARLY DR. BYRNES AND KEN 6156 04:08:46,440 --> 04:08:54,440 FOR HIS MAGNIFICENT PROFESSORIAL 6157 04:08:54,440 --> 04:08:58,840 TIME AND THOSE AT NIMHD WHO MAKE 6158 04:08:58,840 --> 04:09:00,360 THIS POSSIBLE. 6159 04:09:00,360 --> 04:09:02,200 I OFFICIALLY ADJOURN THE MEETING 6160 04:09:02,200 --> 04:09:03,360 OF THE COUNCIL OF MINORITY 6161 04:09:03,360 --> 04:09:03,960 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6162 04:09:03,960 --> 00:00:00,000 THANK YOU.