1 00:00:05,320 --> 00:00:08,960 I WANTED TO CALL TO ORDER AND 2 00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:12,800 WELCOME EVERYONE TO THIS 59th 3 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:15,840 MEETING OF THE NATIONAL 4 00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:17,800 UNIVERSITY COUNCIL ON MINORITY 5 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:19,320 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:22,920 I WANT TO ALERT YOU FOR SOME 7 00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:23,840 GENERAL ADVICE. 8 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:26,000 THIS IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND 9 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:27,520 BEING BROADCAST LIVE ON THE NIH 10 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,560 VIDEOCAST NETWORK. 11 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:33,880 COUNCIL MEMBERS, WHEN YOU SPEAK, 12 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:35,640 PLEASE SPEAK SLOWLY AND 13 00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:35,960 DISTINCTLY. 14 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:38,200 THE VIDEOCAST OBSERVERS AND NOTE 15 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:39,200 TAKERS WILL BE LISTENING TO HEAR 16 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:43,160 YOUR COMMENTS. 17 00:00:43,160 --> 00:00:43,760 WE ARE RECORDING IT FOR THAT 18 00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:47,160 PURPOSE. 19 00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:48,560 AFTER YOU ARE RECOGNIZED TO 20 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:53,560 SPEAK, DR. RUSSO WILL PROM. 21 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:56,160 YOU TO DETECT AN AUDIO PROBLEMS. 22 00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,760 NO NEED TO ASK IF YOU CAN BE 23 00:00:58,760 --> 00:00:59,240 HEARD. 24 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:00,960 TO MINIMIZE BACKGROUND NOISE, 25 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:06,560 DR. RUSSO WILL LEAD THE ROLL 26 00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:08,160 CALL. 27 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:11,280 DENISE. 28 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:15,040 >> THANK YOU, IN AN EFFORT TO 29 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,120 MINIMIZE BACKGROUND NOISE AND 30 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:19,320 MITIGATE BANDWIDTH, I WANT TO 31 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:21,880 REITERATE WHAT ELISEO SAID, WHEN 32 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:24,360 SPEAKING GO ON VIDEO AND THEN 33 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,520 OFF VIDEO AFTER YOU'VE COMPLETED 34 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:30,960 YOUR TALK. 35 00:01:30,960 --> 00:01:32,960 PLEASE STATE YOUR NAME, 36 00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:35,160 INSTITUTION OR ORGANIZATION, 37 00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:36,640 AFFILIATION AND AN INTERESTING 38 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:39,240 TIDBIT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SHARE 39 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:40,920 WITH US TODAY. 40 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:45,840 AND TODAY WE WILL BEGIN WITH 41 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:47,480 EMMA AGUILA. 42 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:48,320 >> GOOD MORNING. 43 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:50,000 I'M ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT THE 44 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:54,440 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY AT THE 45 00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:56,520 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN 46 00:01:56,520 --> 00:01:57,120 CALIFORNIA. 47 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:01,560 JUST BRIEFLY MY RESEARCH 48 00:02:01,560 --> 00:02:11,040 EXPERTISE IS PROGRAMS IMPACT THE 49 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:13,160 HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF OLDER 50 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:14,280 ADULTS IN IMMIGRANT AND HISPANIC 51 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:15,480 POPULATION. 52 00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:16,160 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 53 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:19,680 >> THANK YOU, EMMA. 54 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:22,040 NEXT WE'LL HEAR FROM DR. LISA 55 00:02:22,040 --> 00:02:22,760 BARNES. 56 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:24,080 >> GOOD MORNING. 57 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:29,760 I'M LISA BARNES. 58 00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:34,360 I AM AN ENDOWED PROFESSOR AT THE 59 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:36,000 RUSH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CENTER 60 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:37,160 AT RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL 61 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:39,520 CENTER IN CHICAGO. 62 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:43,960 I DO EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF 63 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:47,040 RACIAL DIFFERENCES AND RISK 64 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:48,040 FACTORS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 65 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:50,360 AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES OF 66 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,160 AGING AND AN INTERESTING TIDBIT 67 00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:55,120 IS THEY HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING 68 00:02:55,120 --> 00:03:00,240 POPULATION OF OLDER BLACK ADULTS 69 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:02,120 NOW GOING ON YEARS 16 TO 20. 70 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:04,680 NICE TO BE HERE WITH YOU. 71 00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:05,520 >> THANK YOU. 72 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:09,840 NEXT WE'LL HEAR FROM DR. ESTEBAN 73 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:15,240 GONZALEZ BURCHARD. 74 00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:17,560 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 75 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:21,520 I'M A TENURED PROFESSOR AT THE 76 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:23,160 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN 77 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:23,480 FRANCISCO. 78 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:25,360 MY EXPERTISE IS PULMONARY AND 79 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:27,560 CRITICAL CARE AND GENETIC 80 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:28,040 EPIDEMIOLOGY. 81 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:30,360 I HAVE THE LARGEST STUDY OF 82 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:31,520 MINORITY CHILDREN IN THE UNITED 83 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:33,520 STATES WITH OR WITHOUT ASTHMA 84 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:38,000 AND STUDY HOW GENETIC ANCESTRY 85 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:40,160 AND RISK AND RESPONSE AND AN 86 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:42,360 INTERESTING TIDBIT I WORKED ALL 87 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:43,960 MY LIFE SINCE I WAS 9 YEARS OLD 88 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:45,400 AND WHILE I WAS WORKING IN 89 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,880 COLLEGE I GOT A CHANCE TO WORK 90 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:50,520 THE WORLD SERIES THE SAN 91 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:51,520 FRANCISCO GIANTS VERSUS THE 92 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:57,200 OAKLAND As AS A VENDOR AND THERE 93 00:03:57,200 --> 00:03:58,440 1989 DURING THE EARTHQUAKE IN 94 00:03:58,440 --> 00:04:00,160 THE UPPER DECK. 95 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:01,160 AN INCREDIBLE EXPERIENCE I'LL 96 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:02,000 NEVER FORGET. 97 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,400 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 98 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:06,800 THAT WAS A WONDERFUL TIDBIT. 99 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:10,520 MOVING ON, DR. NEIL CALMAN. 100 00:04:10,520 --> 00:04:15,360 >> HI, I'M A FAMILY PHYSICIAN 101 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:17,040 AND PRESIDENT AND CEO AND 102 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:17,760 FOUNDER OF THE INSTITUTE FOR 103 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:19,440 FAMILY HEALTH. 104 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:22,280 WE'RE A NETWORK OF OVER 30 105 00:04:22,280 --> 00:04:23,560 FEDERALLY QUALIFIED COMMUNITY 106 00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:24,680 HEALTH CENTER SITES IN NEW YORK 107 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:30,040 CITY AND UP THE HUDSON VALLEY. 108 00:04:30,040 --> 00:04:32,080 I ALSO AM SYSTEM CHAIR FOR THE 109 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:36,440 DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE AT 110 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:40,960 THE MOUNT SAY -- SINAI MEDICINE 111 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:44,680 AND A DIRECTOR OF ONE OF THE 112 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:47,800 CDC'S REACH PROGRAM IN THE 113 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:48,560 BRONX. 114 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:50,640 I HAVE A ROCK AND ROLL BAND. 115 00:04:50,640 --> 00:04:52,440 YOU CAN SEE MY MUSIC STUDIO IN 116 00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:56,360 THE BACKGROUND AN I HAVE A GREAT 117 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:58,200 HARLEY DAVIDSON MOTORCYCLE I 118 00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:06,280 LOVE TO RIDE IN MY SPARE TIME. 119 00:05:06,280 --> 00:05:08,120 >> THANK YOU, NEIL. 120 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:09,400 NEXT, KIMBERLY JOHNSON. 121 00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:11,480 >> I'M A PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE 122 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:12,960 AT DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL 123 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:14,800 CENTER HERE IN DURHAM, NORTH 124 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:15,360 CAROLINA. 125 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:17,680 MY RESEARCH FOCUSES ON 126 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:19,680 ADDRESSING DISPARITIES AND 127 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:22,600 SERIOUS ILLNESS CARE FOR OLDER 128 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:23,560 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LEAD THE 129 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:25,320 HEALTH DID IT DISPARITIES 130 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:26,360 RESEARCH CENTER. 131 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,480 I PANICKED WHEN I HEARD THE 132 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:32,600 TIDBIT THING. 133 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:37,520 I GREW UP IN MOUNT BAYOU, 134 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:37,800 MISSISSIPPI. 135 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:39,680 THE OLDEST HISTORICALLY ALL 136 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:41,160 BLACK DOWN IN THE UNITED STATES 137 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:45,960 AND THE SITES OF THE ONE FIRST 138 00:05:45,960 --> 00:05:47,680 FEDERALLY QUALIFIED HEALTH 139 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:48,240 CENTERS. 140 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:50,560 >> THANK YOU. 141 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:54,760 NEXT WE'LL MOVE TO KEAWE'AMOKU 142 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:55,160 KAHOLOKULA. 143 00:05:55,160 --> 00:06:02,600 >> HELLO PROFESSOR OF NATIVE 144 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:04,240 HAWAIIAN HEALTH IN HAWAI'I AND 145 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:06,720 LEAD THE PROGRAM CALLED PEOPLE 146 00:06:06,720 --> 00:06:07,760 WHICH STANDS FOR CENTER FOR 147 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:11,400 PACIFIC INNOVATIONS KNOWLEDGE 148 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:12,160 AND OPPORTUNITIES. 149 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:14,920 SOMETHING INTERESTING ABOUT ME, 150 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:23,560 I GUESS I BELONG TO A NATIVE 151 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:26,400 HAWAIIAN CULTURAL GROUP TO 152 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:28,800 DEVELOP LEADERSHIP AMONG OUR 153 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:33,080 YOUNG MEN IN OUR COMMUNITY TO BE 154 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:34,680 BETTER FATHERS AND CHILDREN AND 155 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:36,680 GRANDCHILDREN TO THEIR 156 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:36,960 COMMUNITIES. 157 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:39,920 THAT'S ME. 158 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:44,240 ALOHA, EVERYONE. 159 00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:47,400 >> NOW BRIAN MUSTANSKI. 160 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:49,360 >> I'M PROFESSOR AT THE FINEBERG 161 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:51,520 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT 162 00:06:51,520 --> 00:06:52,320 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY WHERE I 163 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:53,560 DIRECTOR THE INSTITUTE FOR 164 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:54,880 SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITY 165 00:06:54,880 --> 00:06:57,360 HEALTH AND WELL BEING WHICH IS A 166 00:06:57,360 --> 00:06:59,400 UNIVERSITY WIDE INSTITUTE 167 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:03,360 FOCUSSED ON ADVANCING RESEARCH 168 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:07,480 ON LGBTQ HEALTH AND CO-DIRECTOR 169 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:10,720 THE THIRD CO-CENTER FOR AIDS 170 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:11,320 RESEARCH. 171 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:12,560 I'M INCREASINGLY INTO HOBBY 172 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:13,840 FARMING AND OVER THE LAST COUPLE 173 00:07:13,840 --> 00:07:16,320 YEARS STARTED RUNNING A HOBBY 174 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:17,960 FARM WITH MY CLOSE FRIEND AND 175 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:20,120 IT'S A FANTASTIC COVID-SAFE 176 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,160 ACTIVITY WHERE YOU CAN MARK THE 177 00:07:22,160 --> 00:07:23,480 PASSAGE OF TIME BY WATCHING 178 00:07:23,480 --> 00:07:26,480 THINGS GROW IN THE SOIL. 179 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:29,320 I HIGHLY RECOMMEND IT TO ANYONE 180 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:31,560 INTERESTED IN GETTING INVOLVED. 181 00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:33,680 >> THANK YOU, BRIAN. 182 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:35,960 DR. JOAN REEDE. 183 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:37,640 >> GOOD MORNING. 184 00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:43,640 I'M DEAN FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF 185 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:48,160 PARTNERSHIP AT HARVARD MEDICAL 186 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,040 SCHOOL THOUGH I'M A PEDIATRICIAN 187 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:52,840 AND I GUESS AN INTERESTING THING 188 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:55,400 ABOUT ME THERE'S A PROGRAM I 189 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:58,400 STARTED MORE THAN 30 YEARS AGO 190 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:02,120 STOOD UP AS A 501C3 AND WE'VE 191 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:04,120 NOW REACHED 30 YEARS AND HAVE 192 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:07,320 REACHED OVER 15,000 STUDENTS 193 00:08:07,320 --> 00:08:09,760 FROM ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 194 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:11,520 MY AREA OF WORK IS AROUND 195 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:12,760 WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND 196 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:15,520 LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT. 197 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:16,560 THANK YOU. 198 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:18,400 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 199 00:08:18,400 --> 00:08:21,800 DR. WILLIAM SOUTHERLAND. 200 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:24,560 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 201 00:08:24,560 --> 00:08:28,960 MY NAME IS BILL SOUTHERLAND I'M 202 00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:32,240 A PROFESSOR OF BIOCHEMISTRY AT 203 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:33,920 HARVARD UNIVERSITY AND I LOOK AT 204 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:36,960 DATA SCIENCE WHERE IT INTERSECTS 205 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:38,920 WITH MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH 206 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:40,560 DISPARITIES AND FOCUSSING ON 207 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,720 STUDYING AND UNDERSTANDING THE 208 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:47,360 BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN 209 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:49,960 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND FOR 210 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:53,840 AN INTERESTING TIDBIT I WOULD 211 00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:57,040 SAY I CONSIDER MYSELF TO BE AN 212 00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:58,520 AMATEUR HISTORIAN WHERE I FOCUS 213 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:03,840 ON THE SLICE OF AMERICAN HISTORY 214 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:07,160 THAT INCLUDES THE AFTER MATH OF 215 00:09:07,160 --> 00:09:09,160 THE SLAVERY IN THIS COUNTRY 216 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:11,520 FOCUSSING ON THE DAY TO DAY 217 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:13,120 LIVES OF BLACK AMERICANS DURING 218 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:17,520 AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER SLAVERY. 219 00:09:17,520 --> 00:09:18,520 THAT'S MY TIDBIT. 220 00:09:18,520 --> 00:09:21,880 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 221 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:27,520 I'M GOING TO CALL ON DR. KEN 222 00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:31,800 RESNICOW NOW. 223 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:32,800 >> THANK YOU. 224 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:33,960 I SPLIT MY TIME AT THE 225 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:35,520 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BETWEEN 226 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:37,080 THE SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 227 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:40,200 THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND THE 228 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:41,520 CANCER CENTER WHERE I'M 229 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:42,960 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR COMMUNITY 230 00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:45,440 OUTREACH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES 231 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:45,720 RESEARCH. 232 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:47,960 I'M AN INTERVENTION RESEARCHER 233 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:51,480 AND MOST MY WORK FOCUSES ON 234 00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:53,800 EITHER MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING 235 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:54,240 OR DIGITAL TAILORED 236 00:09:54,240 --> 00:10:01,640 COMMUNICATION. 237 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:03,640 >> ANY TIDBIT. 238 00:10:03,640 --> 00:10:06,360 >> I THINK THE FIRST GIG I HAD 239 00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:08,600 WORKING RIGHT OUD OF GRAD SCHOOL 240 00:10:08,600 --> 00:10:10,880 WAS WORKING WITH JEFF CANADA WHO 241 00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:15,160 NOW HAS HAD A MOVIE MADE OF HIM 242 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:16,160 WORKING IN THE HARLEM CHILDREN'S 243 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:19,040 ZONE AND GETTING THE NICKNAME 244 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:19,520 KEN X. 245 00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:23,320 THEY SAID THAT WAS THE ANGRIEST 246 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:25,440 WHITE MAN IN ALL OF HARLEM. 247 00:10:25,440 --> 00:10:27,000 IT WAS A RUNNING JOKE AMONGST 248 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:27,360 OUR STAFF. 249 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:30,800 >> THANK YOU, KEN. 250 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:33,240 >> DR. CARMEN ZORILLA. 251 00:10:33,240 --> 00:10:35,240 >> GOOD MORNING. 252 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:38,440 I'M AN OB-GYN AT THE UNIVERSITY 253 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:39,360 OF PUERTO RICO SCHOOL OF 254 00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:40,760 MEDICINE. 255 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:41,400 I'VE BEEN WORKING WITH WOMEN 256 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:45,440 LIVING WITH HIV FOR THE PAST 35 257 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:45,760 YEARS. 258 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:48,440 I WAS PART OF THE GROUP THAT 259 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:49,760 ELIMINATE THE TRANSMISSION IN 260 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:51,560 PUERTO RICO AND NOW I'VE BEEN 261 00:10:51,560 --> 00:10:54,120 WORKING ON COVID, TESTING SITES, 262 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:55,400 VACCINE CENTERS, ANYTHING THAT 263 00:10:55,400 --> 00:11:00,640 HAS TO DO WITH EMERGING 264 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:01,000 EPIDEMICS. 265 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:02,680 SOMETHING ABOUT ME, NOT A 266 00:11:02,680 --> 00:11:04,360 MUSICIAN BUT I PLAY PIANO AND 267 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:09,680 GUITAR, I LOVE TO COOK AND 268 00:11:09,680 --> 00:11:11,480 ENTERTAIN AND COVID AFFECTED MY 269 00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:13,000 SOCIAL LIFE OF HAVING DINNER 270 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:13,240 PARTIES. 271 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:14,320 I LOOK FORWARD TO A BETTER LIFE 272 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:24,000 AFTER THIS. 273 00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:26,720 >> I'M THE EX OFFICIO MEMBER OF 274 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:29,720 THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND 275 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:30,320 FAMILY PHYSICIAN AND MY 276 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:31,880 PORTFOLIO IN THE DEPARTMENT OF 277 00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:35,520 DEFENSE IS BROAD ACROSS MANY 278 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,800 HEALTH ROLES FOR SERVICE MEMBERS 279 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:39,200 ACROSS ALL THE SERVICES. 280 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:43,520 TIDBIT, I DID MY FELLOWSHIP IN 281 00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:46,760 PRIMARY CARE SPORTS MEDICINE AND 282 00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:49,080 DID OLYMPIC GAMES MEDICINE AND 283 00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:51,600 NOW CONSIDER MYSELF WORKING WITH 284 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:53,480 OUR WARRIOR ATHLETES IS ONE OF 285 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,880 THE HIGHLIGHTS OF MY CAREER AND 286 00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:59,280 HAVE A STRONG SPORTS FOCUS AND 287 00:11:59,280 --> 00:12:03,480 TRY TO PRACTICE WHAT I PREACH 288 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:13,360 AND WORK ON DIET AND EXERCISE. 289 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:14,880 >> DR. CHRISTINE HUNTER. 290 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:18,880 >> I'VE BEEN THE DIRECTOR FOR 291 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:21,360 THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND SCIENCE 292 00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:22,760 RESEARCH AT NIH. 293 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:24,960 I'M A CLINICAL HEALTH 294 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:26,080 PSYCHOLOGIST BY TRAINING AND I 295 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:27,960 THINK IT I'M STRUGGLING WITH 296 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:30,560 WHAT'S INTERESTING AS A TIDBIT 297 00:12:30,560 --> 00:12:35,400 FOR ME BUT I'M A DOG LOVER AND 298 00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:38,400 SPENT THE FIRST 10 YEARS OF MY 299 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:45,880 CAREER AS AN ACTIVE AIR FORCE 300 00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:46,120 OFFICER. 301 00:12:46,120 --> 00:12:49,560 >> NOW TO OUR AD HOC MEMBERS 302 00:12:49,560 --> 00:13:14,160 DR. MARIO SIMS. 303 00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:16,640 >> WE'RE NOT HEARING YOU BUT 304 00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:18,040 YOUR SCREEN DOESN'T SAY MUTE. 305 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:19,360 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? 306 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:21,080 >> YES. 307 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:25,920 >> SORRY, IT'S A BRAND NEW 308 00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:26,280 COMPUTER. 309 00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:31,560 >> YOU HAVE TO TURN UP THE 310 00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:34,560 VOLUME THOUGH. 311 00:13:34,560 --> 00:13:35,160 HOW IS THAT? 312 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:36,720 >> PERFECT. 313 00:13:36,720 --> 00:13:38,960 >> I'M MARIO SIMS. 314 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:42,960 SOCIO EPIDEMIOLOGIST BY TRAINING 315 00:13:42,960 --> 00:13:45,120 AND CHIEF SINCE OFFICER FOR THE 316 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:47,520 JACKSON HEART STUDY AND TENURED 317 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:48,680 PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE. 318 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:51,240 INTERESTING TIDBIT ABOUT ME, I 319 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:53,640 GUESS I'M A LOVER OF JAZZ 320 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:55,320 PARTICULARLY THE JAZZ TRUMPET. 321 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:57,600 I'VE BEEN WORKING ON PLAYING 322 00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:00,600 THAT THE LAST 20 YEARS SO I'M A 323 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:02,480 WORK IN PRECIPITATION ALSO, MY 324 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:08,040 FAMILY AND I WERE VACATIONING IN 325 00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:16,320 NEW YORK SO JUST BEFORE 9/11 AND 326 00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:18,760 FOUND OUT 9/10 OCCURRED RIGHT 327 00:14:18,760 --> 00:14:20,480 AFTER ME. 328 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:23,680 >> NEXT DR. AMY ELLIOTT. 329 00:14:23,680 --> 00:14:25,360 >> GOOD MORNING. 330 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:27,920 THRILLED TO BE JOINING THE 331 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:28,160 COMMITTEE. 332 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:32,360 I'M THE CHIEF CLINICAL RESEARCH 333 00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:36,000 OFFICER AT AVERA RESEARCH HEALTH 334 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:39,280 AND PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT 335 00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:42,800 OF PEDIATRICS AND DIVISION 336 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:43,560 CHIEF. 337 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:46,760 MY PERSON RESEARCH INTEREST ARE 338 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:48,160 IN MATERNAL HEALTH AND MANAGE 339 00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:52,560 THE NON-ONCOLOGY CLINICAL TRIAL 340 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:55,120 PORTFOLIO WHICH HAS BECOME MORE 341 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:57,200 INFECTIOUS DISEASE THAN I 342 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,200 THOUGHT I'D BE INVOLVED IN AS 343 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:01,320 I'M SURE MANY OF YOU AS WELL. 344 00:15:01,320 --> 00:15:02,520 ANOTHER PIECE THAT'S IMPORTANT 345 00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:05,320 FOR WHAT WE DO IN THE MATERNAL 346 00:15:05,320 --> 00:15:08,160 CHILD HEALTH WORK WORK IN INFANT 347 00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:10,400 MORTALITY AND PRENATAL EXPOSURES 348 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:12,000 AND HOW TO BRING CUTTING EDGE 349 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,480 RESEARCH CLOSE TO THE PRAIRIE 350 00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:19,080 AND HELPING TRIBAL NATIONS BILL 351 00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:20,160 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THEIR VISION 352 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:21,960 OF RESEARCH IN THEIR AREA. 353 00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:25,400 OUR DAUGHTER IS A PROFESSIONAL 354 00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:28,480 DANCER IN NEW YORK CITY AND MY 355 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:30,520 HUSBAND AND I OFTEN USE THAT AS 356 00:15:30,520 --> 00:15:33,600 A PROOF OF GENETIC VARIABILITY 357 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:34,760 WITH OUR STUDENTS BECAUSE IF YOU 358 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:36,640 LOOKED AT EITHER ONE OF US AND 359 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:39,560 OUR DANCING SKILLS IT WOULD NOT 360 00:15:39,560 --> 00:15:43,200 BE A NATURAL EXTENSION WE SHOULD 361 00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:44,400 PRODUCE A PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE 362 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:45,000 IN THAT WAY. 363 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:45,280 THANK YOU. 364 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:57,840 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 365 00:15:57,840 --> 00:16:10,080 >> DR. TRIHN-SHEVRIN. 366 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:12,560 AND I WORK AT DIVISION OF HEALTH 367 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:14,440 AND BEHAVIOR DEPARTMENT IN 368 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:21,760 POPULATION HEALTH AT NYU AND 369 00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:25,160 PART OF THE CEL TEAM AND MY 370 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:29,080 FAMILY CAME AS REFUGEES FROM THE 371 00:16:29,080 --> 00:16:33,200 VIETNAM WAR AND RECENTLY 372 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:34,360 CELEBRATED. 373 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:36,760 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 374 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:38,080 VERY INTERESTING. 375 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:39,640 ELISEO, WOULD YOU LIKE TO SAY A 376 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:43,560 FEW WORDS BEFORE I BEGIN THE 377 00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:46,000 REVIEW OF THE MINUTES? 378 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,440 >> YES, I'LL SAY A WORD ABOUT 379 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:50,840 MYSELF SINCE YOU HAD COUNCIL 380 00:16:50,840 --> 00:16:51,600 INTRODUCE THEMSELVES THE REST OF 381 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,120 THE TABLE SHOULD INTRODUCE 382 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:54,400 THEMSELVES. 383 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,960 WE'LL GO DOWN THE ROSTER OTHER 384 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:03,520 THAN OUR I.T. SUPPORT. 385 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:09,560 >> OKAY. 386 00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:11,560 >> WE'LL BEGIN WITH DR. HOOPER. 387 00:17:11,560 --> 00:17:14,600 >> I'M MONICA HOOPER DEPUTY 388 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:15,520 DIRECTOR FOR NIMHD. 389 00:17:15,520 --> 00:17:21,920 WELCOME. 390 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:28,760 >> I'M CHIEF OF THE PSYCHIC 391 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,560 REVIEW BRANCH OF NIMHD. 392 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:33,920 WELCOME. 393 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:40,760 >> NANCY JONES. 394 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:43,360 >> I'M A PROGRAM OFFICER IN 395 00:17:43,360 --> 00:17:45,000 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND POPULATION 396 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,320 SCIENCES AT NIMHD. 397 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:53,280 >> KIMBERLY ALLEN. 398 00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:57,840 >> GOOD MORNING, I'M KIMBERLY 399 00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:03,520 ALLEN THE MINORITY OFFICER FOR 400 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:04,760 THE NIMHD. 401 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:06,640 >> NATHAN STINSON. 402 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:08,360 >> I'M THE DIRECTOR OF THE 403 00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:11,520 DIVISION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND 404 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:14,000 POPULATION SCIENCE AT NIMHD. 405 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:22,960 >> ANGELA BATES. 406 00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:24,680 SHE MAY NOT BE THERE. 407 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:25,680 HAVE I MISSED ANYBODY? 408 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:27,360 >> YOURSELF. 409 00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:27,680 >> HELLO. 410 00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:31,480 I'M DENISE RUSSO. 411 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:35,360 I AM CONDUCTING THIS MEETING AS 412 00:18:35,360 --> 00:18:38,640 AN ADMINISTRATOR AND THRILLED TO 413 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:42,360 BE HERE. 414 00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:44,720 I AM ON DETAIL FROM NICHD CHILD 415 00:18:44,720 --> 00:18:45,960 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND 416 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:48,840 IT'S AN HONOR TO BE WITH YOU 417 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:49,040 TODAY. 418 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:49,320 THANK YOU. 419 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:51,320 >> WELL INTRODUCE THE SPEAKERS 420 00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:54,240 WHEN THEY PRESENT SO WE SHOULD 421 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:55,120 GO AHEAD WITH THE MINUTES. 422 00:18:55,120 --> 00:18:55,480 >> OKAY. 423 00:18:55,480 --> 00:19:00,080 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 424 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:02,520 >> SO THE MINUTES FROM THE 425 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:03,680 SEPTEMBER 2021 COUNCIL MEETING 426 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:06,320 WERE POSTED IN ECB. 427 00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:08,720 HAVING REVIEWED THE MINUTES, ARE 428 00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:11,000 THERE ANY QUESTIONS, CONCERNS OR 429 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:13,960 CORRECTIONS FOR THESE MINUTES? 430 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:14,600 PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND OR JUST 431 00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:25,120 SPEAK OUT. 432 00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:26,960 SEEING NONE IN THE CHAT BOX, MAY 433 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:28,720 HAVE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE 434 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:31,520 MINUTES FROM THE SEPTEMBER 435 00:19:31,520 --> 00:19:32,080 COUNCIL? 436 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:36,760 >> I MOVE. 437 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:39,880 >> SECOND. 438 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:41,600 >> GREAT. 439 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,760 ALL IN FAVOR SUBMIT A YES OR Y 440 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:48,160 AND OPPOSED SUBMIT AN "N" OR A 441 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:49,480 NO AND WE'LL HAVE THE COUNT 442 00:19:49,480 --> 00:20:22,760 MOMENTARILY. 443 00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:24,560 HAVE ALL THE COUNCIL MEMBERS 444 00:20:24,560 --> 00:20:26,960 VOTED. 445 00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:32,040 THE AD HOC WOULD NOT VOTE THIS 446 00:20:32,040 --> 00:20:48,880 TIME JUST THIS MEETING. 447 00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:51,440 AFTER HAVING BEEN MOVED AND 448 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:54,160 PROPERLY SECOND THE MINUTES FOR 449 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:54,760 THE SEPTEMBER 2021 ADVISORY 450 00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:55,480 COUNCIL MEETING ARE APPROVED. 451 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:58,440 THANK YOU. 452 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:00,840 I'M GOING MENTION THE FUTURE 453 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:01,360 MEETING DATES. 454 00:21:01,360 --> 00:21:05,760 THEY ARE LISTED ON THE AGENDA. 455 00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:07,080 AFTER REVIEWING THE DATES PLEASE 456 00:21:07,080 --> 00:21:08,640 LET US KNOW IF THERE IS A DATE 457 00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:12,160 YOU ABSOLUTELY CANNOT MAKE. 458 00:21:12,160 --> 00:21:13,640 IT IS VERY IMPORTANT WE HAVE A 459 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:15,840 QUORUM OF MEMBERS AT EACH 460 00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:17,560 MEETING TO CONDUCT THE BUSINESS 461 00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:18,720 OF THE INSTITUTE. 462 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:21,280 AND THERE IS A POLICY THAT 463 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:24,360 ALLOWS FOR A COUNCIL MEMBER TO 464 00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:25,280 HAVE ONE ABSENCE PER CALENDAR 465 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:37,400 YEAR. 466 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,880 PLEASE ALSO NOTE IT'S THE POLICY 467 00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:43,520 OF NIH A MEMBER CANNOT SERVE ON 468 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:45,120 PEER-REVIEWED PANELS WHILE 469 00:21:45,120 --> 00:21:46,080 SERVING AS A COUNCIL MEMBER. 470 00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:50,320 I'M TURN IT BACK TO 471 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:50,720 DR. PEREZ-STABLE. 472 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:50,960 THANK YOU. 473 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,440 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, DENISE. 474 00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:56,320 THANKS EVERYONE FOR TAKING THE 475 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:57,520 TIME TO BE HERE. 476 00:21:57,520 --> 00:22:00,880 I REALIZE EVERYONE'S GOT A BUSY 477 00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:03,440 SCHEDULE BUT AS I TRY TO 478 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:05,560 PERSUADE EACH YOU TO JOIN OUR 479 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:10,720 ADVISORY COUNCIL I TRY TO 480 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:13,600 EMPHASIZE IT'S ACTUALLY NOT THAT 481 00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:17,880 MUCH WORK AND FUN AND HELPFUL TO 482 00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:22,360 ME AND NIMHD LEADERSHIP IN 483 00:22:22,360 --> 00:22:23,760 GUIDING OUR FUTURE. 484 00:22:23,760 --> 00:22:24,960 I'M ELISEO PEREZ-STABLE AND AS 485 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:27,920 MY OWN INTRODUCTION, I'M 486 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:29,600 ORIGINALLY FROM CUBA. 487 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:31,520 I'M AN IMMIGRANT TO THE U.S. 488 00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:35,760 I CAME AS A CHILD AND GREW UP 489 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:38,680 BETWEEN PITTSBURGH, MIAMI AND 490 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:41,960 SAN FRANCISCO WHERE I DID MY 491 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:42,960 WHOLE PROFESSIONAL CAREER. 492 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:45,800 I WAS AT THE AMBULATORY CARE 493 00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:50,200 CENTER AT UCSF IN THE 1989 494 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,240 EARTHQUAKE AND WILL NEVER FORGET 495 00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:54,480 THAT DAY AND AM A GENERAL 496 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:56,720 INTERNIST BY BACKGROUND AND 497 00:22:56,720 --> 00:22:58,560 RELATED TO MINORITY HEALTH AND 498 00:22:58,560 --> 00:22:59,600 LATINO HEALTH AND DISPARITY 499 00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:03,480 RESEARCH SINCE I START MID 500 00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:06,720 RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP BACK IN 501 00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:06,920 1981. 502 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:11,960 A COUPLE TIDBITS I'M AN 503 00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:14,480 UNABASHED CAT LOVER AND 504 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:15,960 COHABITED WITH CATS ALMOST ANY 505 00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:18,760 ENTIRE ADULT LIFE AND I LOVE 506 00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:20,720 MOVIES AND OFTEN CHANNEL LIFE 507 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:23,600 LESSONS THROUGH THAT AND I LOVE 508 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:27,640 MUSIC BUT HAVE ZERO TALENT IN 509 00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:30,240 THAT REGARD I MOSTLY ADMIRE. 510 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:35,520 I'LL DO MY OFFICIAL REPORT FOR 511 00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:41,400 THIS COUNCIL. 512 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:43,520 I'LL BE SHARING MY SCREEN AND 513 00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:45,160 HOPEFULLY WE'LL HAVE TIME FOR 514 00:23:45,160 --> 00:24:15,680 CONVERSATION AT THE END OF THIS. 515 00:24:15,680 --> 00:24:17,760 DR. COLLINS RETIRED AND HE WENT 516 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:19,880 BACK TO HIS LAB AND WE HAVEN'T 517 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:24,000 HEARD MUCH FROM HIM BUT IN HIS 518 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,200 RESEARCH LAB AT NHD RIV AND HAS 519 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:27,960 TOPICS TO ADDRESS ON THE 520 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:28,960 NATIONAL STAGE. 521 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,920 HE WAS THE LONGEST SERVING NIH 522 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:39,520 DIRECTOR SPANNING 12 YEARS, 523 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:44,320 THREE PRESIDENCIES AND HE WAS 524 00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:45,720 BUSY TO THE LAST MINUTE INVOLVED 525 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:47,520 IN MEETINGS WITH APPROVALS AND 526 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:47,960 THINGS. 527 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:50,800 FRANCIS HAS BEEN A 528 00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:51,520 TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER. 529 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:54,240 I'M PRIVILEGED TO HAVE BEEN 530 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:56,520 WORKING UNDER HIM AND PROBABLY 531 00:24:56,520 --> 00:25:01,320 THE MOST IMPORTANT AND EXCITING 532 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:02,200 PART OF MY CAREER IN HEALTH AND 533 00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:07,440 MED SPIN -- MEDICINE. 534 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:08,600 YOU CAN LOOK AT THE VIRTUAL 535 00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,320 FAREWELL MADE TO HIM THERE'S A 536 00:25:11,320 --> 00:25:12,560 VIDEOCAST LINK TO HIM AND 537 00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:17,640 THERE'S A NUMBER OF 538 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:21,000 PERSONALITI 539 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:23,360 PERSONALITIES WHO TOOK THE TIME 540 00:25:23,360 --> 00:25:23,800 TO SAY SOMETHING. 541 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:25,880 I WON'T TELL ALL THE PEOPLE WHO 542 00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,160 CAME UP BUT SPANS QUITE A 543 00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:32,960 SPECTRUM FROM SCIENCE, HOLLYWOOD 544 00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:37,200 AND YES, ROCK MUSICIANS AND 545 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:38,160 OTHERS. 546 00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:40,760 WHEN NEIL SAID HE HAD A ROCK 547 00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:42,880 BAND AND HARLEY IT SOUNDS LIKE 548 00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:45,280 YOU WERE CHANNELLING FRANCIS 549 00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,280 COLLINS AS HE ALSO CAME TO WORK 550 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:48,880 IN HIS HARLEY ONCE IN A WHILE 551 00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:51,720 AND HAD A ROCK BAND HE PLAYED 552 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:55,080 WITH US OFTEN AT EVENTS WHEN THE 553 00:25:55,080 --> 00:25:56,800 DIRECTORS WERE LEAVING OR OTHER 554 00:25:56,800 --> 00:25:57,560 LEADERS WERE LEAVING, HE WOULD 555 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:02,040 DO THAT. 556 00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:04,040 WE WERE ABLE TO SEE EACH OTHER A 557 00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:06,880 COUPLE TIMES IN THE LAST FEW 558 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:07,520 YEARS. 559 00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:11,160 ONCE WAS AT THE WASHINGTON 560 00:26:11,160 --> 00:26:13,720 CATHEDRAL DOING AN EVENT FOR 561 00:26:13,720 --> 00:26:15,320 VACCINE UPTAKE WITH THE AFRICAN 562 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:16,720 AMERICAN AND LATINO COMMUNITIES 563 00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:20,240 AND AT THE KENNEDY CENTER HERE 564 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:22,680 WITH GARY GIBBONS WHEN WE WERE 565 00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:27,960 AWARDED OUR SAMMY AWARD FOR 566 00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:28,280 2021. 567 00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:32,800 SO WE WILL MISS HIM BUT THE NIH 568 00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:35,560 GOES ON AND I THINK ALL OF US 569 00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:39,360 WHO HAD THE HONOR TO WORK WITH 570 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:40,480 HIM WILL REMEMBER THAT. 571 00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:45,520 WE NOW HAVE LARRY WHO I THINK 572 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,160 HAS BEEN AN ABSOLUTE ROCK NEXT 573 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:52,280 TO DR. COLLINS FOR THE LAST 574 00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:53,280 DECADE LAST 12 YEARS. 575 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,360 HE WAS THE PRINCIPLE DEPUTY 576 00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:57,280 DIRECTOR AND IS NOW THE ACTING 577 00:26:57,280 --> 00:27:00,560 DIRECTOR OF NIH AND I WILL 578 00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:03,360 EXPECT HE'LL THERE BE FOR SOME 579 00:27:03,360 --> 00:27:03,560 TIME. 580 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:06,160 DR. TABAK WAS THE DIRECTOR OF 581 00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:07,640 THE DENTAL INSTITUTE BEFORE 582 00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:11,160 BECOMING THE PRINCIPLE DEPUTY 583 00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:12,440 AND BEING A FAMILIAR COLLEAGUE 584 00:27:12,440 --> 00:27:14,840 REALLY WAS REASSURING FOR ALL 585 00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:15,960 THE I.C. DIRECTORS AND WE'LL 586 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:18,160 WAIT TO SEE WHAT THE POLITICAL 587 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:20,440 PROCESS WILL BE TO A NEW 588 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:24,880 NOMINATION FOR A NEW NIH. 589 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:27,960 AS LARRY MOVED UP. 590 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:30,840 TARA SCHWETZ BECAME THE ACT 591 00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:31,280 PRINCIPLE DEPUTY. 592 00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:36,560 I'VE THAT'D OPPORTUNITY TO WORK 593 00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:43,560 WITH TARA CLOSELY IN THE RADXUP 594 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:50,600 PROGRAM RAPID ACCELERATION OF 595 00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:51,280 DIAGNOSTICS AND SHE MOVED TO THE 596 00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:58,840 DEPARTMENT AND NOW CAME BACK. 597 00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:01,680 AND BEING A CHIEF OF STAFF FOR 598 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:03,520 NIMHD FOR THE FIRST FIVE YEARS 599 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:05,720 OF MY TIME AS DIRECTOR MOVED TO 600 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,680 THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR TO 601 00:28:08,680 --> 00:28:13,920 WORK WITH TARA NOW THE ACTING 602 00:28:13,920 --> 00:28:14,640 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR. 603 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:16,520 WE'RE IN GOOD HANDS WITH 604 00:28:16,520 --> 00:28:32,200 LEADERSHIP AT NIH CENTRAL. 605 00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:33,760 BILL RILEY RETIRED AT THE END OF 606 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:35,360 CALENDAR 2021 AND CHRISTINE 607 00:28:35,360 --> 00:28:38,480 HUNTER NOW THE ACTING DIRECTOR. 608 00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:40,520 SHE MOVED UP FROM BEING DEPUTY 609 00:28:40,520 --> 00:28:41,880 DIRECTOR AND WE'RE DELIGHTED TO 610 00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:43,480 HAVE CHRISTINE HERE TODAY AT OUR 611 00:28:43,480 --> 00:28:45,880 COUNCIL AS THE DIRECTOR OF OBSSR 612 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:51,480 A MEMBER OF OUR COUNCIL AS AN AD 613 00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:53,680 HOC MEMBER. 614 00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:56,840 AND WE WORK CLOSELY WITH OBSSR 615 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:58,120 ON MANY FRONTS INCLUDING COVID 616 00:28:58,120 --> 00:28:59,360 AND LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH 617 00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:23,000 THE OFFICE IN THE COMING YEARS. 618 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,560 AND CAROLE JOHNSON DOES A LOT OF 619 00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:31,520 IN THE COMMUNITY CLINIC NETWORKS 620 00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:37,520 AT QHCs, WHICH ARE A CRITICAL 621 00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:41,520 LEVERAGE POINT FOR US AT NIMHD 622 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:44,480 AND NIH LOOK CARE FOR THE UNDER 623 00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:47,200 SERVE AND REDUCE DESPAIRS OR 624 00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:51,160 AVOID WORSENING DISPARITIES. 625 00:29:51,160 --> 00:29:54,560 WAS RECENTLY WORKING FOR THE 626 00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:57,800 WHITE HOUSE COVID RESPONSE TEAM 627 00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:00,280 AND PREVIOUSLY COMMISSIONER IN 628 00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:01,640 NEW JERSEY. 629 00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:06,080 JUST TO ALERT OF COMING 630 00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:07,240 DEVELOPMENTS, ONE OF THE THEMES 631 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,440 OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION HAS 632 00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,600 BEEN TO EMPHASIZE HEALTH EQUITY 633 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:14,360 AND I THINK NIMHD IS VERY MUCH 634 00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:18,240 IN THE CENTER OF THAT. 635 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:19,960 ANOTHER HAS BEEN THE EMPHASIS ON 636 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:21,360 CLIMATE CHANGE. 637 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:22,360 A CLIMATE CHANGE ON HEALTH 638 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:25,880 INITIATIVE HAS BEEN STARTED AT 639 00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:31,520 NIH UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF OF 640 00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:39,240 NIEHS WITH A GROUP OF INSTITUTE 641 00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:42,680 DIRECTORS FORMED A GROUP TO 642 00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:47,520 GUIDE THIS AND THERE'S A REPORT 643 00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:49,320 ON THE WEBSITE SUMMARIZING THE 644 00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:50,720 PLANS WITH A REQUEST FOR 645 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:51,560 INFORMATION WITH A COUPLE 646 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:55,480 HUNDRED RESPONSES. 647 00:30:55,480 --> 00:31:00,360 IT'S AN ONGOING PORTFOLIO AND 648 00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:01,560 LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND WHAT WE 649 00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:07,080 DO WITH THIS WILL DEPEND ON THE 650 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:07,720 APPROPRIATIONS COMING THROUGH 651 00:31:07,720 --> 00:31:11,480 THOUGH THERE'S BEEN ACTIVITY IN 652 00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:16,880 A NUMBER OF SPHERES FROM NIH AND 653 00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:19,840 NIMHD HAS HAD GRANTS MOST 654 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:22,760 RECENTLY AROUND POST-HURRICANE 655 00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:29,880 MARIA IN PUERTO RICO AND POST 656 00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:30,360 DISASTERS. 657 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:35,440 AND THIS CAN BE A DAUNTING 658 00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:38,120 PROBLEM HOW DO WE REDUCE HEALTH 659 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:39,960 THREATS AND BUILD RESILIENCE IN 660 00:31:39,960 --> 00:31:42,240 INDIVIDUALS, COMMUNITIES AND 661 00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:44,200 GLOBALLY AND IDENTIFYING RISK 662 00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,360 AND OPTIMIZING BENEFITS. 663 00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:48,640 CLIMATE CHANGE WILL 664 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,920 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT THE 665 00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:52,760 MOST UNDER SERVED AND VULNERABLE 666 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:54,440 POPULATIONS THOUGH IT AFFECTS 667 00:31:54,440 --> 00:31:54,720 EVERYONE. 668 00:31:54,720 --> 00:31:56,040 IT'S A THEME THAT EVERY HUMAN 669 00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:59,440 NEEDS TO BE CONCERNED WITH. 670 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:02,000 WE NEED TO DEVELOP MORE RESEARCH 671 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:03,000 INFRASTRUCTURE AND WORKFORCE 672 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:07,440 CAPABLE OF MANAGING THIS AND 673 00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:08,760 LEVERAGING SCIENTIFIC 674 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:09,880 DISCIPLINES AND OTHER 675 00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:11,360 GOVERNMENTAL SECTORS AND 676 00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:14,040 INNOVATE HOW WE TRANSLATE THE 677 00:32:14,040 --> 00:32:16,360 RESEARCH INTO THE FINDINGS THAT 678 00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:19,440 ARE CREDIBLE, ACCESSIBLE AND 679 00:32:19,440 --> 00:32:19,800 ACTIONABLE. 680 00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:22,760 WE HAVE A LOT OF IN COMMON IN 681 00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:23,560 ADDRESSING STRUCTURAL HEALTH 682 00:32:23,560 --> 00:32:27,520 DISPARITIES WITH THIS 683 00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:28,040 INITIATIVE. 684 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:29,200 ANOTHER UPDATE FOR US IN THE 685 00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:32,160 PAST YEAR WHICH I THINK HAS BEEN 686 00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:33,760 REALLY IMPORTANT IS 687 00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:36,840 COLLABORATION WITH THE OFFICE OF 688 00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:41,240 THE DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY LED BY 689 00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:41,720 SUSAN GREGURICK. 690 00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:45,920 WE HAVE BEEN BENEFICIARY OF $1.6 691 00:32:45,920 --> 00:32:48,240 MILLION IN SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING 692 00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:54,360 THAT ODSS THE OFFICE HAS 693 00:32:54,360 --> 00:33:04,880 PROVIDED NIMHD GRANTEES THROUGH 694 00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:06,680 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY 695 00:33:06,680 --> 00:33:08,240 ENGAGEMENT AND WORKFORCE 696 00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:08,560 DEVELOPMENT. 697 00:33:08,560 --> 00:33:09,840 WE EXPECT AND PROJECT THIS TO 698 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:12,280 CONTINUE AND EXPAND OVER THE 699 00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:16,040 COURSE OF THE NEXT SEVERAL YEARS 700 00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:19,840 CERTAINLY IF OUR, PROPOSED 701 00:33:19,840 --> 00:33:25,400 BUDGET BECOMES A REALITY IT IS A 702 00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:27,400 CRITICAL AREA WE NEED TO 703 00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:28,680 INCORPORATE IN EVERYTHING WE DO 704 00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:31,200 AND BUILD CAPACITY NOT ONLY FOR 705 00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:39,320 UNDER REPRESENTED POPULATIONS 706 00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:41,680 BUT ALSO IN UNDER RESOURCED 707 00:33:41,680 --> 00:33:43,160 INSTITUTIONS AND OUR HEALTH 708 00:33:43,160 --> 00:33:45,400 DISPARITY RESEARCH SFT INSTITUTE 709 00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:45,680 CONTINUES. 710 00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:47,360 WE HAVE SET THE DATES AS YOU CAN 711 00:33:47,360 --> 00:33:49,760 SEE IN THE LOVELY TIME IN 712 00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:52,640 BETHESDA IN MID AUGUST. 713 00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:55,520 OUR APPLICATION PERIOD 714 00:33:55,520 --> 00:34:01,520 OFFICIALLY WILL OPEN ON MONDAY.OFFICIALLY WILL 715 00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:03,320 OPEN ON MONDAY. 716 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:04,640 THOUGH PEOPLE WANT TO KNOW IF IT 717 00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:06,360 WILL BE VIRTUAL OR IN PERSON WE 718 00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:08,160 HAVE TO WAIT BEFORE WE CAN 719 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:13,840 COMMIT TO AN IN PERSON MEETING 720 00:34:13,840 --> 00:34:16,960 OF COURSE AS NIMHD NEED TO BE 721 00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:19,360 SURE THEY HAVE SUPPORTIVE OF 722 00:34:19,360 --> 00:34:21,160 HOSTING ONE OF THIS SIZE. 723 00:34:21,160 --> 00:34:24,960 IF NOT WE'LL HAVE IT VIRTUAL. 724 00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:26,920 WE'LL GIVE IT TIME. 725 00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:30,520 I'M PROUD OF THE EFFORT THIS HAS 726 00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:30,760 YIELDED. 727 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:33,200 WE'VE HAD OVER 330 SCHOLARS COME 728 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:40,880 THROUGH THE HDRI. 729 00:34:40,880 --> 00:34:42,480 WE'LL BE EVALUATING IT BUT WE 730 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:45,920 EXPECT IT TO PRODUCE THE FUTURE 731 00:34:45,920 --> 00:34:55,680 RO1 RECIPIENTS AT NIH AND NIMHD 732 00:34:55,680 --> 00:35:00,360 AND 60% OF OUR PARTICIPANTS ARE 733 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:01,200 MEMBERS OF UNDER REPRESENTED 734 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:03,520 POPULATIONS BY RACE AND 735 00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:13,960 ETHNICITY. 736 00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:19,480 THE COMMON FUND PROGRAM THE 737 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:24,960 FACULTY INSTITUTIONAL SUGGESTION 738 00:35:24,960 --> 00:35:28,680 STAINABLE TRANSFORMATION OR 739 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:31,160 FIRST THE BUDGET IS $241 MILLION 740 00:35:31,160 --> 00:35:33,400 OVER NINE YEARS AND THERE'LL BE 741 00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:35,120 A SECOND AND THIRD COHORT OF 742 00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:37,040 INSTITUTION OR AWARDEES GIVEN. 743 00:35:37,040 --> 00:35:41,480 THESE ARE THE ONES WHO WERE 744 00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:41,760 SUCCESSFUL. 745 00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:46,440 OUR PLAN ORIGINALLY WAS TO HAVE 746 00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:49,840 FOUR BE FUNDED EACH YEAR AND 747 00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:54,720 WHAT WE SAW THAT THE INSTITUTE 748 00:35:54,720 --> 00:35:55,960 DIRECTORS WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE 749 00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:58,720 ADDITIONAL FUNDING TO SUPPORT A 750 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:00,080 TOTAL OF SIX. 751 00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:01,760 WE WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THAT TWO OF 752 00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:07,520 THESE INSTITUTIONS ARE IN THE 753 00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:09,320 LESS RESOURCED INSTITUTION, 754 00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:11,160 FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY AND SAN 755 00:36:11,160 --> 00:36:12,720 DIEGO STATE. 756 00:36:12,720 --> 00:36:15,480 SAN DIEGO IN PARTICULAR HAS AN 757 00:36:15,480 --> 00:36:20,440 RCMI GRANT. 758 00:36:20,440 --> 00:36:24,440 DREXEL UNIVERSITY IS LED BY ONE 759 00:36:24,440 --> 00:36:27,000 OF OUR RENOWN DISPARITY 760 00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:28,000 INVESTIGATORS AS WELL AS OTHER 761 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:29,280 INSTITUTIONS. 762 00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:34,720 THE TERMS ARE LED BY UNDER 763 00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:36,920 REPRESENTED SCIENTISTS. 764 00:36:36,920 --> 00:36:38,760 THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA 765 00:36:38,760 --> 00:36:41,120 BIRMINGHAM CAME IN WITH A 766 00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:42,520 PARTNERSHIP WITH TUSKEGEE AND 767 00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:43,800 ANOTHER MODEL WE'VE ENCOURAGED 768 00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:49,360 HERE AND THE COORDINATION AND 769 00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:55,040 EVALUATION CENTER WENT TO 770 00:36:55,040 --> 00:36:58,120 MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND 771 00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:04,360 AN HBCU AND THE NCI IS MANAGING 772 00:37:04,360 --> 00:37:10,840 THE AWARDEES AND WE LOOK FORWARD 773 00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:15,520 TO THIS PROGRAM. 774 00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:30,440 I AND THERE'S A FOCUS ON HEALTH 775 00:37:30,440 --> 00:37:31,840 DISPARITIES THROUGH THE COMMON 776 00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:32,560 FUND. 777 00:37:32,560 --> 00:37:36,880 IN FISCAL YEAR '21 ON THE 778 00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:38,840 PROMPTING OF FRANCIS COLLINS A 779 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:40,240 YEAR AGO, MONEY IN THE COMMON 780 00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:43,240 FUND WAS ALLOCATED TO THIS 781 00:37:43,240 --> 00:37:47,240 PARTICULAR RO1 PROGRAM OR UL 1 782 00:37:47,240 --> 00:37:50,440 PROGRAM, SORRY CIRCUMSTANCE WERE 783 00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:51,960 FUNDED TO HIGH RESOURCE 784 00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:53,560 INSTITUTIONS. 785 00:37:53,560 --> 00:37:55,880 AGAIN, THERE WERE TWO TRACKS TO 786 00:37:55,880 --> 00:37:59,520 FIND AND FIVE GRANTS FUNDED TO 787 00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:01,680 LESS RESOURCED INSTITUTION. 788 00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:04,360 A SMALL AMOUNT WAS ALLOCATED FOR 789 00:38:04,360 --> 00:38:07,400 FISCAL YEAR '22 FOR MINORITY 790 00:38:07,400 --> 00:38:09,360 SERVING INSTITUTIONS AND THAT 791 00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:11,800 REQUEST HAS BEEN PUBLISHED AND 792 00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:15,520 GRANTS HAVE NOT BEEN SUBMITTED 793 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:19,240 YET. 794 00:38:19,240 --> 00:38:20,520 THERE WERE INNOVATIVE PROPOSALS 795 00:38:20,520 --> 00:38:22,560 AND MANY MORE SUBMITTED NOT ABLE 796 00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:23,160 TO BE FUNDED. 797 00:38:23,160 --> 00:38:27,120 AND SO I LOOK FORWARD TO SEE 798 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:30,120 WHAT THE SCIENCE AND HOW THE 799 00:38:30,120 --> 00:38:31,400 ADVANCE OF SCIENCE PARTICULARLY 800 00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:32,400 ADDRESSING STRUCTURAL ISSUES 801 00:38:32,400 --> 00:38:40,920 FROM THIS INITIATIVE. 802 00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:46,160 AS SOME OF YOU ARE AWARE THE 803 00:38:46,160 --> 00:38:55,960 COUNCIL OF COUNCILS APPROVED OR 804 00:38:55,960 --> 00:39:01,760 CLEARED A CONCEPT TO BE LAUNCHED 805 00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:05,200 IN FISCAL YEAR 23 AND WE'RE 806 00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:06,760 AIMING TO INVESTIGATE $400 807 00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:08,800 MILLION OVER THE COURSE OF 10 808 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:10,720 YEARS IN THIS EFFORT AND IT WILL 809 00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:13,160 CENTERED IN INITIALLY FUNDING 810 00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:16,000 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS AND THIS 811 00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,880 IS ONE OF THE TRANSFORMATIVE 812 00:39:18,880 --> 00:39:19,960 NATURES OF IT. 813 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:21,480 DETAILS TO BE WORKED OUT. 814 00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:26,720 I'M INVOLVED IN THE LEADERSHIP 815 00:39:26,720 --> 00:39:29,320 OF THAT INITIATIVE ALONG WITH 816 00:39:29,320 --> 00:39:33,920 JANET SANK AND JOSH GORDON AND 817 00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:36,640 NIMHD DIRECTORS AND JANINE 818 00:39:36,640 --> 00:39:38,760 CLAYTON AND DAVE WILSON THE 819 00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:39,400 DIRECTOR OF THE TRIBAL HEALTH 820 00:39:39,400 --> 00:39:40,200 RESEARCH OFFICE. 821 00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:43,480 SO MORE TO COME ON THAT OVER THE 822 00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:45,920 NEXT COUPLE YEARS. 823 00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:51,880 WE CONTINUE TO ENGAGE ON REQUEST 824 00:39:51,880 --> 00:39:53,040 LEGISLATIVE STAFFERS OR 825 00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:55,480 CONGRESSIONAL STAFF AS 826 00:39:55,480 --> 00:39:55,840 REQUESTED. 827 00:39:55,840 --> 00:39:59,880 YOU CAN SEE HERE IN ANNAPOLIS 828 00:39:59,880 --> 00:40:02,960 PARTICIPATED IN A BRIEFING 829 00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:03,560 RELATED TO CORONAVIRUS CRISIS 830 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:05,720 SELECT COMMITTEE ON DISPARITIES 831 00:40:05,720 --> 00:40:07,040 AND EXCESS DEATHS AND I'LL SHOW 832 00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:12,520 YOU THE DATA FROM THAT STUDY 833 00:40:12,520 --> 00:40:15,320 LATER ON. 834 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:18,160 I JOINED THE DIRECTOR OF NINR 835 00:40:18,160 --> 00:40:24,200 AND DR. COLLINS AND DIANA 836 00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:28,440 BIANCHI ON THE IMPACT OF NURSING 837 00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:32,560 RESEARCH ON A CAUCUS AND THIS 838 00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:34,320 CONGRESSIONAL NURSING CAUCUS 839 00:40:34,320 --> 00:40:35,560 APPARENTLY HASN'T MET VERY OFTEN 840 00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:39,560 SO I THINK IT WAS A FLASH POINT 841 00:40:39,560 --> 00:40:42,960 FOR THEM TO GATHER TOGETHER AND 842 00:40:42,960 --> 00:40:46,360 MEET AND HEAR FROM PRIMARILY 843 00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:48,920 FRANCIS AND SHANNON THOUGH DIANA 844 00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:51,360 AND I WERE THERE TO SUPPORT AND 845 00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:53,760 PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INPUT AND 846 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:58,840 MONICA WEBB HOOPER IN A BRIEFING 847 00:40:58,840 --> 00:41:02,680 FOR BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN SAT ON 848 00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:07,480 A MEETING IN DECEMBER AND MONICA 849 00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:14,480 ALSO JOINED CHELLY FROM THE NIMH 850 00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:16,600 ON MENTAL HEALTH AND RELATED 851 00:41:16,600 --> 00:41:17,040 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 852 00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:19,920 LOTS OF ACTIVITY AND DISCUSSIONS 853 00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:21,800 ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF 854 00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:24,360 COVID AND THE NEED TO ATTEND TO 855 00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:25,400 THIS PARTICULARLY AMONG YOUTH. 856 00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:27,160 WE THINK THERE MAY BE MORE 857 00:41:27,160 --> 00:41:28,040 COMING IN THAT DIRECTION. 858 00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:30,880 LET ME TURN TO BUDGET. 859 00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:35,400 I THINK THIS IS USUALLY THE 860 00:41:35,400 --> 00:41:37,280 COUNCIL MEETING I DISCUSSED WHAT 861 00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:38,120 ARE PRIOR FISCAL YEAR BUDGET WAS 862 00:41:38,120 --> 00:41:43,520 LIKE. 863 00:41:43,520 --> 00:41:44,960 WHEN I JOINED NIMHD AS DIRECTOR 864 00:41:44,960 --> 00:41:47,600 WAS A MONTH BEFORE FISCAL '16 865 00:41:47,600 --> 00:41:50,480 STARTED AND YOU CAN SEE WHERE 866 00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:55,480 OUR BUDGET WAS AT THE TIME AND 867 00:41:55,480 --> 00:42:07,520 THROUGH FISCAL YEAR'20 SOMETIMES 868 00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:10,120 THERE WAS AN INCREASE FOR THE 869 00:42:10,120 --> 00:42:13,680 PROGRAM AND THERE EVERY YEAR 870 00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:16,480 BENEFICIARIES OF THE INCREASE 871 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:19,280 AND MANY WOULD SAY NIMHD GOT A 872 00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:22,960 7% OR 8% INCREASE AND KEEP IN 873 00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:25,120 MIND ABOUT HALF OF THAT ALMOST 874 00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:28,200 ALWAYS ARE SET-ASIDES AND SAYING 875 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:32,360 YOU'LL SPEND THIS MUCH ON THIS 876 00:42:32,360 --> 00:42:33,040 PARTICULAR PROGRAM AND THE 877 00:42:33,040 --> 00:42:35,000 GENERAL INCREASE THAT WOULD GO 878 00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:36,760 TO THE INSTITUTES WOULD BE 879 00:42:36,760 --> 00:42:43,520 SUBSTANTIALLY LESS. 880 00:42:43,520 --> 00:42:45,680 REGARDLESS, THE BUDGET HAS GROWN 881 00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:48,240 AND IN 2021 OUR GROWTH WAS 882 00:42:48,240 --> 00:42:51,520 PRIMARILY AGAIN FROM A SET-ASIDE 883 00:42:51,520 --> 00:42:53,920 FOR THE MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASE 884 00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:55,040 RESEARCH CENTERS WHICH INCLUDED 885 00:42:55,040 --> 00:42:58,040 $45 MILLION IN ADDITION TO THAT 886 00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:00,880 WE RECEIVED THE GENERAL 887 00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:01,160 INCREASE. 888 00:43:01,160 --> 00:43:03,000 THE $45 MILLION WAS ADD IT HAD 889 00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:03,440 TO OUR BASE. 890 00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:05,160 IT WASN'T A ONE-TIME INITIATIVE 891 00:43:05,160 --> 00:43:07,360 WE WOULD THEN LOSE. 892 00:43:07,360 --> 00:43:10,680 THE PROPOSED BUDGET FOR FISCAL 893 00:43:10,680 --> 00:43:12,960 '22 WE'RE ALL ANXIOUSLY AWAITING 894 00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:14,120 TO WORK ITS WAY THROUGH CONGRESS 895 00:43:14,120 --> 00:43:16,200 IS IS IN THE ORDER OF AROUND 896 00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:17,200 $651 MILLION. 897 00:43:17,200 --> 00:43:18,800 THE PRESIDENT'S PROPOSAL, THE 898 00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:20,360 HOUSE LANGUAGE AND THE SENATE 899 00:43:20,360 --> 00:43:24,240 LANGUAGE ALL CAME IN AROUND 900 00:43:24,240 --> 00:43:24,680 THAT. 901 00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:26,640 AND SO HOPEFULLY WE WILL STILL 902 00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:30,760 BE OPEN IN TWO WEEKS WHEN THE 903 00:43:30,760 --> 00:43:32,480 CURRENT CONTINUED RESOLUTION IS 904 00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:35,760 OVER AND CONGRESS WILL BE BUSY 905 00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:37,040 PUTTING -- FILLING IN THE 906 00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:40,000 DETAILS OF WHAT THE FISCAL YEAR 907 00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:41,320 '22 BUDGET IS. 908 00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:42,600 AND YES, WE WILL HAVE SIX MONTHS 909 00:43:42,600 --> 00:43:46,560 TO SPEND IT ALL. 910 00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:48,400 THIS IS WHAT THE BREAKDOWN, THE 911 00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:52,680 PIE CHART OF WHAT OUR BUDGET 912 00:43:52,680 --> 00:43:56,080 LOOKED LIKE IN FISCAL YEAR 2021. 913 00:43:56,080 --> 00:43:58,600 WE SPENT ABOUT 40% ON RESEARCH 914 00:43:58,600 --> 00:44:02,040 GRANTS ABOUT 90% OF THIS IS 915 00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:05,880 RO1s, A COUPLE UL1s. 916 00:44:05,880 --> 00:44:09,600 20% IS THE RCMI AND ABOUT 17% 917 00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:14,960 ARE THE NON-RCMI CENTERS. 918 00:44:14,960 --> 00:44:16,160 THESE THE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE 919 00:44:16,160 --> 00:44:18,120 AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 920 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:21,840 DISPARITIES CENTERS AND THE 921 00:44:21,840 --> 00:44:22,960 MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASE 922 00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:23,200 CENTERS. 923 00:44:23,200 --> 00:44:24,760 DON'T EXPECT THESE TWO 924 00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:26,720 PROPORTION TO CHANGE 925 00:44:26,720 --> 00:44:28,560 SUBSTANTIALLY IN 2022. 926 00:44:28,560 --> 00:44:29,960 THEY'LL GO UP LIKE EVERYTHING 927 00:44:29,960 --> 00:44:32,360 BUT LOOK IT TO SEE A BIGGER 928 00:44:32,360 --> 00:44:34,200 GROWTH IN OUR RO1 PIE CHART. 929 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:36,480 THIS IS WHAT IT TAKES TO RUN THE 930 00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:39,200 OPERATION UNDER CONTRACTS IT 931 00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:39,760 INCLUDES SCIENCE AS WELL AS 932 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:43,480 OTHER ASPECTS OF THE INSTITUTE 933 00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:45,880 SO FOR EXAMPLE THE JACKSON HEART 934 00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:48,320 STUDY AND THE HISPANIC STUDY OF 935 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:54,280 LATINOS IS HERE AND SPIR AND WE 936 00:44:54,280 --> 00:44:55,160 HAVE A LEGISLATIVE PROPORTION 937 00:44:55,160 --> 00:44:57,600 AND THE K AWARDS AND OTHER TERMS 938 00:44:57,600 --> 00:44:58,280 ARE INCLUDED IN OTHER TERMS IN 939 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:03,920 TRAININGS. 940 00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:06,880 OUR RO1 SUCCESS RATE IS AT 941 00:45:06,880 --> 00:45:07,200 12.9%. 942 00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:11,440 THIS IS A SLIGHT IMPROVEMENT 943 00:45:11,440 --> 00:45:15,320 OVER PRIOR YEARS AND I'D BE 944 00:45:15,320 --> 00:45:15,960 OPTIMISTIC WE'LL CONTINUE TO SEE 945 00:45:15,960 --> 00:45:31,400 THAT GO UP. 946 00:45:31,400 --> 00:45:35,080 THE SUCCESSION RATE WAS 19.5%. 947 00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:37,960 YOU SEE WE DO NOT FUND EVERY 948 00:45:37,960 --> 00:45:39,560 SINGLE GRANT THAT COMES IN WITH 949 00:45:39,560 --> 00:45:42,920 A HIGH SCORE. 950 00:45:42,920 --> 00:45:45,880 WITH HAVE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE 951 00:45:45,880 --> 00:45:46,760 WELL SCORE GRANTS AND HAVE 952 00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:47,400 GRANTS THAT ARE SCORED IN THE 953 00:45:47,400 --> 00:45:52,840 30s. 954 00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:57,120 THE SELECT PAY APPROACH FOR 955 00:45:57,120 --> 00:45:57,760 EMPHASIZE INSTITUTE PRIORITIES 956 00:45:57,760 --> 00:45:59,960 USED BY HALF THE INSTITUTES. 957 00:45:59,960 --> 00:46:00,640 OTHERS ARE GOING WITH STRICT PAY 958 00:46:00,640 --> 00:46:05,160 LINE. 959 00:46:05,160 --> 00:46:06,960 WE'LL CONTINUE TO FUNCTION THIS 960 00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:08,440 WAY THOUGH IT MAKES IT EASIER 961 00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:10,320 WHEN THERE'S MORE FUNDING. 962 00:46:10,320 --> 00:46:14,280 THIS IS A REFLECTION OF THE 963 00:46:14,280 --> 00:46:15,480 SPIR/STTR. 964 00:46:15,480 --> 00:46:35,120 WE LOOK FORWARD TO RE-ENN EERGIZING 965 00:46:35,120 --> 00:46:36,120 THE PROGRAM. 966 00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:39,080 AND BACK HERE ARE K99s. 967 00:46:39,080 --> 00:46:43,240 WE STARTED FUNDING K23 AND K08 968 00:46:43,240 --> 00:46:46,760 AND SOME KO1s AND YOU SEE THE 969 00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:51,000 GROWTH IN APPLICATIONS AND 970 00:46:51,000 --> 00:46:51,960 FUNDING. 971 00:46:51,960 --> 00:46:55,040 AND AGAIN I EXPECT OR HOPE WITH 972 00:46:55,040 --> 00:46:56,320 HIGHER A LARGER BUDGET WE'LL BE 973 00:46:56,320 --> 00:47:01,680 ABLE TO FUND MORE OF THESE. 974 00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:11,320 AND I THINK THE KO 8s AND K23s. 975 00:47:11,320 --> 00:47:13,040 WE CONTINUE TO HAVE A BIG 976 00:47:13,040 --> 00:47:16,200 EMPHASIS AND PRIORITY WITH OUR 977 00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:17,800 LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM. 978 00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:21,640 I LIKE TO SAY IT'S LIKE AN 979 00:47:21,640 --> 00:47:22,760 ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. 980 00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:27,440 SOME PEOPLE TALK ABOUT UNIVERSAL 981 00:47:27,440 --> 00:47:28,560 BASIC INCOME. 982 00:47:28,560 --> 00:47:30,880 LOTS OF EVIDENCE -- SOME 983 00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:34,840 EVIDENCE FROM MOSTLY AROUND THE 984 00:47:34,840 --> 00:47:36,720 OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES AND 985 00:47:36,720 --> 00:47:38,120 MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES THIS 986 00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:39,960 WORKS AND DID IMPROVE HEALTH AND 987 00:47:39,960 --> 00:47:44,680 SO OUR GOAL HERE IS TO HAVE MORE 988 00:47:44,680 --> 00:47:46,920 INDIVIDUALS GO INTO RESEARCH. 989 00:47:46,920 --> 00:47:49,960 AGAIN, THE NIMHD AWARDEES ON 990 00:47:49,960 --> 00:47:52,200 AVERAGE ARE ABOUT 60% COMING 991 00:47:52,200 --> 00:47:57,760 FROM UNDER REPRESENTED GROUPS. 992 00:47:57,760 --> 00:48:00,720 OUR SUCCESS RATE IS UP TO 60% IT 993 00:48:00,720 --> 00:48:03,720 USED TO BE 15% TO 16% AND 994 00:48:03,720 --> 00:48:05,880 HOPEFULLY THIS WILL CONTINUE. 995 00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:06,960 THE REASON WE'RE BETTER NOW IS 996 00:48:06,960 --> 00:48:12,840 BECAUSE WE HAVE FEWER APPLICANTS 997 00:48:12,840 --> 00:48:16,920 BECAUSE THE CHANGE IN THE RULES 998 00:48:16,920 --> 00:48:19,240 ALLOWED LOAN APPLICANTS 999 00:48:19,240 --> 00:48:22,160 INTERESTED IN DISPARITIES TO 1000 00:48:22,160 --> 00:48:25,160 APPLY TO NIH AND CAN GO TO ANY 1001 00:48:25,160 --> 00:48:26,280 INSTITUTES WHO THEN MAKE THE 1002 00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:27,680 DECISION TO FUND THEM. 1003 00:48:27,680 --> 00:48:32,360 I MENTIONED THE MULTIPLE CHRONIC 1004 00:48:32,360 --> 00:48:34,120 DISEASE CENTERS AND WE LOOK 1005 00:48:34,120 --> 00:48:37,680 FORWARD TO SEEING THE PROGRAM 1006 00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:40,120 DEVELOP AND INCREASING K AWARDS 1007 00:48:40,120 --> 00:48:45,880 AND ONGOING STUDIES AND THE 1008 00:48:45,880 --> 00:48:51,880 JACKSON HEALTH STUDY AND THE 1009 00:48:51,880 --> 00:48:59,080 CENTER FOR AIDS RESEARCH AND THE 1010 00:48:59,080 --> 00:49:00,560 COHORT STUDIES AND OUR 1011 00:49:00,560 --> 00:49:03,120 COLLABORATIONS WITH THE OFFICE 1012 00:49:03,120 --> 00:49:04,960 OF AIDS RESEARCH CONTINUES 1013 00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:11,440 CLOSELY AND WE WILL CONTINUE TO 1014 00:49:11,440 --> 00:49:14,160 ADDRESS ISSUES AROUND ENDING THE 1015 00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:15,400 HIV EPIDEMIC INITIATIVE THROUGH 1016 00:49:15,400 --> 00:49:18,400 RO1s AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 1017 00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:20,440 THROUGH SUPPLEMENTARY AWARDS TO 1018 00:49:20,440 --> 00:49:21,920 INSTITUTIONS PARTICULARLY IN THE 1019 00:49:21,920 --> 00:49:30,760 RCMI COMMUNITY. 1020 00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:34,040 THE RESPONSE ACROSS NIMHD HAS 1021 00:49:34,040 --> 00:49:35,160 BEEN INCREDIBLE. 1022 00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:38,680 WE'RE ENTERING YEAR THREE SO 1023 00:49:38,680 --> 00:49:40,680 THERE'S A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF 1024 00:49:40,680 --> 00:49:44,600 FATIGUE I WOULD SAY THAT HAS 1025 00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:46,240 AFFECT ALL OF US BUT I THINK WE 1026 00:49:46,240 --> 00:49:49,160 KEEP FINDING NEW ENERGY. 1027 00:49:49,160 --> 00:49:49,920 AS DIRECTORS AND NEW LEADERSHIP 1028 00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:53,160 BUT ESPECIALLY STAFF NOT ONLY 1029 00:49:53,160 --> 00:49:54,000 PROGRAM STAFF AND GRANTS 1030 00:49:54,000 --> 00:49:55,640 MANAGEMENT AND REVIEW BUT ALSO 1031 00:49:55,640 --> 00:49:58,560 ALL OF OUR ADMINISTRATIVE AND 1032 00:49:58,560 --> 00:49:59,480 SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT STAFF HAS 1033 00:49:59,480 --> 00:50:04,520 JUST BEEN INCREDIBLE. 1034 00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:06,760 NIMHDs RESPONSE HAS BEEN UP 1035 00:50:06,760 --> 00:50:06,960 FRONT. 1036 00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:08,640 WE'VE BEEN INVOLVED IN MAJOR 1037 00:50:08,640 --> 00:50:10,200 INITIATIVES AND I DON'T SEE THAT 1038 00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:12,600 WANING AT ALL. 1039 00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:14,200 ONE OF THE EXAMPLES WAS ABOUT A 1040 00:50:14,200 --> 00:50:17,160 YEAR AGO AS THE VACCINE WAS 1041 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:18,280 BEING ROLLED OUT AND CONCERNS 1042 00:50:18,280 --> 00:50:28,560 ABOUT WHAT CAN DO TO LEARN HOW 1043 00:50:28,560 --> 00:50:39,480 TO INCREASE INCREASE UPTAKE AND 1044 00:50:39,480 --> 00:50:43,840 WE FUNDED FIVE GRANTS AND THE 1045 00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:46,480 SUPPORT FOR THE O.D. WAS FOR 1046 00:50:46,480 --> 00:50:48,520 YEAR ONE BUT WE CONTINUED TO 1047 00:50:48,520 --> 00:50:50,360 FUND THEM FOR THEIR THREE OR 1048 00:50:50,360 --> 00:50:51,800 FOUR OR FIVE YEARS DEPENDING ON 1049 00:50:51,800 --> 00:50:54,280 THE DURATION OF THE GRANT. 1050 00:50:54,280 --> 00:50:56,920 TURNING TO STAFF TRANSITIONS, 1051 00:50:56,920 --> 00:51:00,600 PROUD AND HAPPY THAT RINA DAS AC 1052 00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:02,800 SEPPED MY OFFER TO BECOME THE 1053 00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:05,840 DIRECTOR OF THE -- ACCEPTED MY 1054 00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:09,680 OFFER TO BECOME THE DIRECTOR OF 1055 00:51:09,680 --> 00:51:11,480 INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGICAL AND 1056 00:51:11,480 --> 00:51:15,360 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES AND OUR 1057 00:51:15,360 --> 00:51:16,920 RE-ORGANIZATION THREE-YEAR PATH 1058 00:51:16,920 --> 00:51:19,440 WAS COMPLETED LAST SUMMER AS I 1059 00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:21,360 ANNOUNCED IN SEPTEMBER AND 1060 00:51:21,360 --> 00:51:26,600 ALLOWS A FOUNDATION FOR NIMHD TO 1061 00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:29,200 GROW AND EXPAND ON THE 1062 00:51:29,200 --> 00:51:30,760 FOUNDATIONAL DIVISION WE HAVE. 1063 00:51:30,760 --> 00:51:36,880 SHE BRINGS A WIDE EXPERIENCE AT 1064 00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,120 NIH AND HAS BEEN AT A PROGRAM 1065 00:51:40,120 --> 00:51:42,360 DIRECTOR SINCE 2014 AND PRIOR 1066 00:51:42,360 --> 00:51:45,360 WAS AT NCI AT THE CENTER TO 1067 00:51:45,360 --> 00:51:46,920 REDUCE CANCER HEALTH 1068 00:51:46,920 --> 00:51:47,200 DISPARITIES. 1069 00:51:47,200 --> 00:51:50,480 I MET HER AT THAT TIME AND SHE 1070 00:51:50,480 --> 00:51:53,680 WAS TEMPORARILY PROGRAM OFFICER 1071 00:51:53,680 --> 00:51:55,440 FOR A PROJECT I WAS INVOLVED 1072 00:51:55,440 --> 00:51:56,160 WITH. 1073 00:51:56,160 --> 00:51:57,160 LOTS OF NEW STAFF. 1074 00:51:57,160 --> 00:51:59,320 IF WE WERE IN PERSON I'D ASK 1075 00:51:59,320 --> 00:52:04,320 THEM TO STAND UP SO THEY COULD 1076 00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:05,160 BE SEEN. 1077 00:52:05,160 --> 00:52:07,120 WE LIMITED THE PERSONS AT THE 1078 00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:13,080 TABLE SO THEY'RE NOT ON VIDEO 1079 00:52:13,080 --> 00:52:19,360 AND CRYSTAL BARKSDALE. 1080 00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:21,680 JARRETT JOHNSON COMPLETED HIS 1081 00:52:21,680 --> 00:52:22,720 FELLOW-AND JOINED NIMHD IN THE 1082 00:52:22,720 --> 00:52:25,240 DIVISION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND 1083 00:52:25,240 --> 00:52:27,600 POPULATION SCIENCE. 1084 00:52:27,600 --> 00:52:31,440 IN THE DIVISION OF CLVRJ AND 1085 00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:33,960 HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, 1086 00:52:33,960 --> 00:52:43,120 MICHELLE DOOSE AND CAROLINA AND 1087 00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:50,880 YEWANDE AND SUNDONIA CAME FROM 1088 00:52:50,880 --> 00:53:03,880 ANOTHER PROGRAM AND FROM THE 1089 00:53:03,880 --> 00:53:09,360 CLINICAL HEALTH AND ARIELLE AND 1090 00:53:09,360 --> 00:53:14,560 OLGA CAME FROM THE CANCER 1091 00:53:14,560 --> 00:53:16,960 PREVENTION FELLOWSHIP AND 1092 00:53:16,960 --> 00:53:18,400 CONTRIBUTING ON BASIC AND 1093 00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:19,480 IMPLEMENTATION BEHAVIORAL 1094 00:53:19,480 --> 00:53:21,680 SCIENCE IN THE DIVISION OF 1095 00:53:21,680 --> 00:53:22,240 INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGICAL AND 1096 00:53:22,240 --> 00:53:30,360 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. 1097 00:53:30,360 --> 00:53:35,040 IN THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, 1098 00:53:35,040 --> 00:53:36,640 GNESHA IS WORKING WITH MONICA 1099 00:53:36,640 --> 00:53:41,040 WEBB HOOPER AND MYSELF AS WE 1100 00:53:41,040 --> 00:53:42,560 RECON FIGURE WHAT WE'RE DOING IN 1101 00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:44,720 THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR AND 1102 00:53:44,720 --> 00:53:49,440 EXPANDING OUR SCIENCE CAPACITY 1103 00:53:49,440 --> 00:53:54,960 TO MANAGE AND LEAD TERMS THAT 1104 00:53:54,960 --> 00:53:59,080 CUT ACROSS NIMHD AND NIH WIDE 1105 00:53:59,080 --> 00:53:59,520 INITIATIVES. 1106 00:53:59,520 --> 00:54:09,920 IN REVIEW, JINGSHENG JOINED THE 1107 00:54:09,920 --> 00:54:17,120 OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND ASSEN CAME 1108 00:54:17,120 --> 00:54:19,280 AS A HEALTH ECONOMIST AND IN THE 1109 00:54:19,280 --> 00:54:22,080 OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND 1110 00:54:22,080 --> 00:54:26,800 PUBLIC LIAISON UNDER KELLY 1111 00:54:26,800 --> 00:54:28,960 CARRINGTON, THOKO JUST JOINED 1112 00:54:28,960 --> 00:54:32,640 AND MELANIE SANTOS AFTER DOING 1113 00:54:32,640 --> 00:54:35,200 DETAIL WITH US FROM NCI WAS 1114 00:54:35,200 --> 00:54:36,360 RECRUITED OVER TO NIMHD AND 1115 00:54:36,360 --> 00:54:38,160 WE'RE VERY HAVE THEM. 1116 00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:43,320 OUR OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE 1117 00:54:43,320 --> 00:54:44,360 MANAGEMENT ADDED JEANNE JONES AS 1118 00:54:44,360 --> 00:54:46,440 A MANAGEMENT ANALYST AND I KNOW 1119 00:54:46,440 --> 00:54:51,200 WE NEED MORE STAFF IN 1120 00:54:51,200 --> 00:54:55,960 ADMINISTRATION TO SUPPORT 1121 00:54:55,960 --> 00:54:59,520 KIMBERLY'S WORK AND WE'LL LOOK 1122 00:54:59,520 --> 00:54:59,960 TO EXPAND. 1123 00:54:59,960 --> 00:55:06,320 NIMHD EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO 1124 00:55:06,320 --> 00:55:06,520 HIRE. 1125 00:55:06,520 --> 00:55:09,000 WE'RE FAR FROM REACHING OUR 1126 00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:10,040 RECALIBRATED CEILING SO IF YOU 1127 00:55:10,040 --> 00:55:14,320 KNOW OF ANYONE WHO MAY WANT TO 1128 00:55:14,320 --> 00:55:15,440 WORK FOR NIH, INCLUDING NIMHD 1129 00:55:15,440 --> 00:55:18,800 DON'T HESITATE TO LET US KNOW. 1130 00:55:18,800 --> 00:55:20,560 WE SAID GOOD-BYE TO SOME 1131 00:55:20,560 --> 00:55:24,920 LONG-TERM STAFF AT NIMHD THIS 1132 00:55:24,920 --> 00:55:29,680 PAST YEAR, TOM VOLLBERG WAS 1133 00:55:29,680 --> 00:55:30,400 DIRECTOR OF OUR OFFICE 1134 00:55:30,400 --> 00:55:31,560 EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1135 00:55:31,560 --> 00:55:35,560 AND THOSE ON COUNCIL MAY HAVE 1136 00:55:35,560 --> 00:55:38,520 REMEMBERED THE EXECUTIVE 1137 00:55:38,520 --> 00:55:42,920 SECRETARY AND MONICA WEBB HOOPER 1138 00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,360 WILL SERVE AS ACTING IN THE 1139 00:55:45,360 --> 00:55:47,240 PHASE OF IDENTIFYING AND 1140 00:55:47,240 --> 00:55:52,160 SELECTING A NEW OERA DIRECTOR. 1141 00:55:52,160 --> 00:55:55,160 AND DENISE RUSSO OVER FROM 1142 00:55:55,160 --> 00:55:57,400 DETAIL FROM CHILD HEALTH TO RUN 1143 00:55:57,400 --> 00:56:03,760 COUNCIL THIS MONTH. 1144 00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:08,760 TOM WAS A SPECIAL PERSON HE CAME 1145 00:56:08,760 --> 00:56:12,080 FROM NCI AND STARTED AT NIMHD A 1146 00:56:12,080 --> 00:56:14,440 COUPLE MONTHS BEFORE ME AND WHEN 1147 00:56:14,440 --> 00:56:17,560 HE ARRIVED WAS TO RUN REVIEW. 1148 00:56:17,560 --> 00:56:20,120 HE HAD A GENTLE MANNER ABOUT 1149 00:56:20,120 --> 00:56:22,040 HIM. 1150 00:56:22,040 --> 00:56:24,000 HE WAS VERY THOUGHTFUL. 1151 00:56:24,000 --> 00:56:28,760 HE HAD A BASIC SCIENCE 1152 00:56:28,760 --> 00:56:30,080 BACKGROUND HE'S A QUICK STUDY 1153 00:56:30,080 --> 00:56:31,840 WITH THE ISSUES WE WERE 1154 00:56:31,840 --> 00:56:32,200 INTERESTED IN. 1155 00:56:32,200 --> 00:56:40,080 HE WAS A REALLY GOOD LEADER AND 1156 00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:45,920 I ALWAYS ALWAYS APPRECIATED HIS 1157 00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:50,920 ADVICE, SLOLICIT ORDER NOT AND 1158 00:56:50,920 --> 00:56:53,040 THE CHARACTERISTICS I LOOK FOR 1159 00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:57,960 IN THE LEADERS AT NIMHD AND 1160 00:56:57,960 --> 00:57:02,840 WE'LL MISS HIM. 1161 00:57:02,840 --> 00:57:06,360 NATASHA WILLIAMS WAS PROMOTED 1162 00:57:06,360 --> 00:57:15,520 AT CHILD HEALTH AND HAS BEEN OUR 1163 00:57:15,520 --> 00:57:17,600 LEGISLATIVE LIAISON AND MOVED TO 1164 00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:19,560 A LARGER GROUP OFFICE AT CHILD 1165 00:57:19,560 --> 00:57:20,800 HEALTH. 1166 00:57:20,800 --> 00:57:25,400 NATASHA HAD BEEN AT NIMHD FOR 1167 00:57:25,400 --> 00:57:28,200 NOT QUITE 10 YEARS AND ALWAYS 1168 00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:33,040 INTERACTED IN THE FIRST YEAR 1169 00:57:33,040 --> 00:57:38,480 PREPARING ME AND ACCOMPANYING ME 1170 00:57:38,480 --> 00:57:42,840 GREET VISITS. 1171 00:57:42,840 --> 00:57:48,960 WE WILL MISS HER PRESENCE IN THE 1172 00:57:48,960 --> 00:57:51,560 INSTITUTE. 1173 00:57:51,560 --> 00:57:55,880 MAJOR TYAS WAS IMPORTANT IN 1174 00:57:55,880 --> 00:57:59,160 OTHER ACTIVITIES AND NOW MOVED 1175 00:57:59,160 --> 00:58:05,000 TO THE COMMON FUND AND WILL 1176 00:58:05,000 --> 00:58:10,360 CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE FIRST 1177 00:58:10,360 --> 00:58:11,520 COORDINATION AND EVALUATION 1178 00:58:11,520 --> 00:58:15,520 CENTER AND ALSO WORK WITH US ON 1179 00:58:15,520 --> 00:58:17,360 THE INFORMATIVE COMMON FUND 1180 00:58:17,360 --> 00:58:18,600 INITIATIVE I CO-CHAIR. 1181 00:58:18,600 --> 00:58:19,920 SHE'S A STAFF THAT WILL BE 1182 00:58:19,920 --> 00:58:22,160 WORKING OR THE COMMON FUND. 1183 00:58:22,160 --> 00:58:23,920 AND WE LOST OUR SENIOR 1184 00:58:23,920 --> 00:58:30,400 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OFFICER. 1185 00:58:30,400 --> 00:58:33,360 WE NEED TO RECRUIT. 1186 00:58:33,360 --> 00:58:35,480 MATT WISE DID THIS ABOUT FIVE 1187 00:58:35,480 --> 00:58:40,080 YEARS AND CAME IN NOT LONG AFTER 1188 00:58:40,080 --> 00:58:42,200 KIMBERLY BECAME OUR EXECUTIVE 1189 00:58:42,200 --> 00:58:42,440 OFFICER. 1190 00:58:42,440 --> 00:58:45,520 I WON'T BORE YOU WITH THE 1191 00:58:45,520 --> 00:58:46,760 DIFFERENT THINGS I'VE BEEN DOING 1192 00:58:46,760 --> 00:58:47,480 ON ZOOM. 1193 00:58:47,480 --> 00:58:51,400 OFTEN I SAY I CAN'T DO MORE THAN 1194 00:58:51,400 --> 00:58:51,840 ONCE A WEEK. 1195 00:58:51,840 --> 00:58:55,480 SOME OF THE ONES THAT ARE PUBLIC 1196 00:58:55,480 --> 00:58:59,360 OUTREACH ARE REALLY FUN. 1197 00:58:59,360 --> 00:59:03,360 THE BLOOMBERG ONE WAS A LIVE ONE 1198 00:59:03,360 --> 00:59:06,000 WITH BLOOMBERG NEWS WITH GARY 1199 00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:07,760 GIBBONS AND I IN RELATION TO THE 1200 00:59:07,760 --> 00:59:09,880 SAMIES AND WE TALKED ABOUT 1201 00:59:09,880 --> 00:59:10,960 INCLUSIVE PARTICIPATION. 1202 00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:15,360 THE WASHINGTON POST LIVE WAS 1203 00:59:15,360 --> 00:59:16,000 ALSO GREAT. 1204 00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:21,960 I WAS ON THE BACK OF THE 1205 00:59:21,960 --> 00:59:23,480 WASHINGTON POST NEWSPAPER AND 1206 00:59:23,480 --> 00:59:25,080 EVEN DR. FAUCI NOTICED IT AND 1207 00:59:25,080 --> 00:59:28,000 THAT WAS QUITE A COMPLIMENT AND 1208 00:59:28,000 --> 00:59:30,560 PART OF OTHER BLOGS. 1209 00:59:30,560 --> 00:59:33,160 SECRETARY BECERRA VISIT THE 1210 00:59:33,160 --> 00:59:39,920 CAMPUS AND I WAS ONE OF THE S 1211 00:59:39,920 --> 00:59:42,560 INVITED TO MEET WITH HIM AND WE 1212 00:59:42,560 --> 00:59:43,560 TALKED ABOUT OUR TERMS AND 1213 00:59:43,560 --> 00:59:49,360 THAT'D -- HAD THE OPPORTUNITY 1214 00:59:49,360 --> 00:59:50,360 FOR THE PHOTOGRAPH. 1215 00:59:50,360 --> 00:59:52,080 I'M PROUD OF MAY BUILT TO REACH 1216 00:59:52,080 --> 00:59:56,160 OUT TO MY COMMUNITY IN SPANISH. 1217 00:59:56,160 --> 00:59:58,960 AS A GENERAL INTERNIST I'M 1218 00:59:58,960 --> 01:00:00,000 ALWAYS WILLING TO TALK ABOUT 1219 01:00:00,000 --> 01:00:00,800 ALMOST ANYTHING RELATED TO 1220 01:00:00,800 --> 01:00:03,240 HEALTH AND THE THINGS I DIDN'T 1221 01:00:03,240 --> 01:00:05,120 KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT I'VE LEARNED 1222 01:00:05,120 --> 01:00:07,480 ABOUT AND CERTAINLY COVID-19 HAS 1223 01:00:07,480 --> 01:00:12,200 NOT HELD ME BACK. 1224 01:00:12,200 --> 01:00:13,200 LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES ON 1225 01:00:13,200 --> 01:00:16,520 REQUEST VIA THE WHITE HOUSE OR 1226 01:00:16,520 --> 01:00:19,600 SPEAKING ON TELEMUNDO IN A 1227 01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:21,760 VARIETY OF SETTINGS HAS VARIED 1228 01:00:21,760 --> 01:00:26,520 OVER TIME AND THERE'S BEEN MORE 1229 01:00:26,520 --> 01:00:29,480 ENGAGING CORRESPONDENCE AND IN 1230 01:00:29,480 --> 01:00:32,960 GENERAL I TRY TO ACCOMMODATE 1231 01:00:32,960 --> 01:00:34,600 THIS WHENEVER POSSIBLE AND 1232 01:00:34,600 --> 01:00:39,480 ACTIVE ON RADIO TERMS LINKED AND 1233 01:00:39,480 --> 01:00:44,520 NOT LINKED TO CEAL. 1234 01:00:44,520 --> 01:00:47,480 WE FUNDED 11 INSTITUTIONS. 1235 01:00:47,480 --> 01:00:52,960 THESE ARE INTENDED TO BE 1236 01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:54,360 REGIONAL NOT ONE INSTITUTION. 1237 01:00:54,360 --> 01:00:56,320 THEY'RE PRIMARILY ONE BUT 1238 01:00:56,320 --> 01:00:57,440 EXPECTED TO HAVE SOME REGIONAL 1239 01:00:57,440 --> 01:00:57,720 IMPACT. 1240 01:00:57,720 --> 01:01:03,400 THAT WAS THE INTENT OF THE 1241 01:01:03,400 --> 01:01:03,640 PROGRAM. 1242 01:01:03,640 --> 01:01:07,800 IT'S ALSO INTENDED TO ASSOCIATE 1243 01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:09,080 MORE THAN ONE INSTITUTION AND 1244 01:01:09,080 --> 01:01:10,120 WE'LL FOCUS ON THAT AND THE 1245 01:01:10,120 --> 01:01:13,080 CHRONIC DISEASES ARE LISTED 1246 01:01:13,080 --> 01:01:15,040 HERE. 1247 01:01:15,040 --> 01:01:26,120 WE WANTED CARDIO VASCULAR 1248 01:01:26,120 --> 01:01:27,800 DISEASE AND CHRONIC LIVER 1249 01:01:27,800 --> 01:01:30,360 DISEASE AND CHRONIC LIVER 1250 01:01:30,360 --> 01:01:32,360 DISEASE AND CANCER AND NONE 1251 01:01:32,360 --> 01:01:35,000 FOLLOWED UP ON OSTEOARTHRITIS. 1252 01:01:35,000 --> 01:01:37,560 I'LL COME BACK TO THIS AT SOME 1253 01:01:37,560 --> 01:01:41,160 POINT BECAUSE THIS IS CLEARLY A 1254 01:01:41,160 --> 01:01:43,720 VERY IMPORTANT AND COSTLY 1255 01:01:43,720 --> 01:01:47,480 DISEASE THAT AFFECTS ALL OLDER 1256 01:01:47,480 --> 01:01:48,680 ADULTS ESPECIALLY AND 1257 01:01:48,680 --> 01:01:51,360 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS 1258 01:01:51,360 --> 01:01:52,680 WORKING PEOPLE FREQUENTLY 1259 01:01:52,680 --> 01:01:57,440 RELATED TO KNEES AND HIPS AND 1260 01:01:57,440 --> 01:01:59,480 HANDS AND AFFECTS QUALITY OF 1261 01:01:59,480 --> 01:01:59,880 LIFE. 1262 01:01:59,880 --> 01:02:03,440 IT IS INTENDED THE WHOLE 1263 01:02:03,440 --> 01:02:07,400 SPECTRUM OF DISEASE AND RISK 1264 01:02:07,400 --> 01:02:08,840 FACTORS, REPRESENTATION OF RISK 1265 01:02:08,840 --> 01:02:13,960 FACTORS AND MANAGING THE 1266 01:02:13,960 --> 01:02:19,560 DISEASES THEMSELVES AND PRE 1267 01:02:19,560 --> 01:02:20,920 PRESENTING PROGRESSION AND 1268 01:02:20,920 --> 01:02:22,800 DIABETES AND PRE-DIABETES AND 1269 01:02:22,800 --> 01:02:24,240 NOT JUST FOCUS ON CLINICAL 1270 01:02:24,240 --> 01:02:27,400 OUTCOMES AND INCLUDING IN THIS 1271 01:02:27,400 --> 01:02:28,000 ACCESS AND QUALITY OF HEALTH 1272 01:02:28,000 --> 01:02:38,680 CARE FOR THE CONDITIONS. 1273 01:02:38,680 --> 01:02:43,520 LET ME SPEND A FEW MINUTES ON 1274 01:02:43,520 --> 01:02:47,280 THE PORTFOLIO PROPOSED BY STAFF. 1275 01:02:47,280 --> 01:02:49,120 ONE OF THE CHALLENGES FOR MAY 1276 01:02:49,120 --> 01:02:50,400 COUNCIL IS CAN WE BRING MORE 1277 01:02:50,400 --> 01:02:51,800 INTERVENTIONS TO THIS FORUM 1278 01:02:51,800 --> 01:02:55,520 WHICH I THINK YOU WILL SEE AS 1279 01:02:55,520 --> 01:03:09,400 NOT AS PRESENT HERE. 1280 01:03:09,400 --> 01:03:11,960 THERE ARE LINKS BETWEEN BEING 1281 01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:14,320 MALTREATED DURING CHILDHOOD AND 1282 01:03:14,320 --> 01:03:16,080 LOW GRADE INFLAMMATION ADULTS AN 1283 01:03:16,080 --> 01:03:17,960 FITTING INTO THE MODEL OF WHAT 1284 01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:20,120 MAY HAPPEN AS A CHILD MAY HAVE 1285 01:03:20,120 --> 01:03:22,720 CONSEQUENCES 30, 40 YEARS LATER. 1286 01:03:22,720 --> 01:03:23,960 CHILDREN FROM LOW INCOME 1287 01:03:23,960 --> 01:03:26,240 COUNTRIES, HALF HAD BEEN EXPOSED 1288 01:03:26,240 --> 01:03:29,520 TO LOW TREATMENT AND THE 1289 01:03:29,520 --> 01:03:31,960 INFLAMMATION COMPOSITE OF SIGHT 1290 01:03:31,960 --> 01:03:34,920 CYTOKINE PROTEIN AND GIRLS WHO 1291 01:03:34,920 --> 01:03:36,520 HAD BEEN MALTREATED HAD HIGHER 1292 01:03:36,520 --> 01:03:39,080 LEVELS OF INFLAMMATION THAN 1293 01:03:39,080 --> 01:03:40,760 GIRLS NOT MALTREAT AND BOYS WHO 1294 01:03:40,760 --> 01:03:43,520 WERE MALTREATED AND PARTICULARLY 1295 01:03:43,520 --> 01:03:45,880 GIRLS EXPOSED TO TWO OR MORE 1296 01:03:45,880 --> 01:03:50,680 FORMS OF MALTREATMENT. 1297 01:03:50,680 --> 01:03:53,240 THIS LOOKS AT BIOLOGICAL 1298 01:03:53,240 --> 01:03:57,920 MEDIATORS AND EXPLAIN WHAT WE 1299 01:03:57,920 --> 01:03:58,760 OBSERVE CLINICALLY. 1300 01:03:58,760 --> 01:04:00,480 THE SCIENCE COMMUNITY HAS BECOME 1301 01:04:00,480 --> 01:04:05,480 MORE AWARE OF HOW IMPORTANT 1302 01:04:05,480 --> 01:04:08,600 ABUSE AND MALTREATMENT AND 1303 01:04:08,600 --> 01:04:10,760 HARASSMENT IS IN OUR LIFE 1304 01:04:10,760 --> 01:04:10,960 COURSE. 1305 01:04:10,960 --> 01:04:14,560 IT GETS MAGNIFIED IN CHILDHOOD 1306 01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:18,160 AT ALL LEVELS AS ONE'S BRAIN IS 1307 01:04:18,160 --> 01:04:21,000 NOT FULLY DEVELOPED IN ADAPTING 1308 01:04:21,000 --> 01:04:22,440 TO HOW IT'S GOING FUNCTION WE'RE 1309 01:04:22,440 --> 01:04:25,280 GOING FUNCTION AS ADULTS. 1310 01:04:25,280 --> 01:04:27,160 I THINK THIS KIND OF RESEARCH I 1311 01:04:27,160 --> 01:04:29,720 THINK IS IMPORTANT TO HELP POINT 1312 01:04:29,720 --> 01:04:31,120 TO PATHWAYS THAT WILL HOPEFULLY 1313 01:04:31,120 --> 01:04:34,800 LEAD US TO INTERVENTIONS. 1314 01:04:34,800 --> 01:04:38,520 THIS IS A STUDY THAT LOOKS AT 1315 01:04:38,520 --> 01:04:39,760 PARTICIPANTS AND VACCINE 1316 01:04:39,760 --> 01:04:40,520 HESITANCY TO COVID-19. 1317 01:04:40,520 --> 01:04:42,920 YOU CAN SEE THE DISTRIBUTION OF 1318 01:04:42,920 --> 01:04:45,760 THE SAMPLE FROM NORTH CAROLINA 1319 01:04:45,760 --> 01:04:50,160 AND 60% AFRICAN AMERICAN AND 14% 1320 01:04:50,160 --> 01:04:50,560 LATINO. 1321 01:04:50,560 --> 01:04:55,280 TESTING DES ERTS IN NORTH 1322 01:04:55,280 --> 01:04:59,240 CAROLINA -- DESERTS IN NORTH 1323 01:04:59,240 --> 01:04:59,960 CAROLINA BEFORE THE VACCINE WAS 1324 01:04:59,960 --> 01:05:02,760 AVAILABLE AND YOU CAN SEE THE 1325 01:05:02,760 --> 01:05:06,080 DECLINE IN HESITANCY THAT 1326 01:05:06,080 --> 01:05:08,080 OCCURRED IN THE SETTING 1327 01:05:08,080 --> 01:05:10,200 PRIMARILY AMONG WHITE AND 1328 01:05:10,200 --> 01:05:11,520 LATINOS OVER AFRICAN AMERICANS. 1329 01:05:11,520 --> 01:05:15,280 FACTOR WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 1330 01:05:15,280 --> 01:05:19,720 BEING MORE HESITANT INCLUDING 1331 01:05:19,720 --> 01:05:21,040 WOMEN BEING AFRICAN AMERICAN THE 1332 01:05:21,040 --> 01:05:22,880 DIFFERENT CALENDAR MONTHS AND 1333 01:05:22,880 --> 01:05:23,560 OTHER ISSUES. 1334 01:05:23,560 --> 01:05:25,560 THERE'S THIS PERVASIVE 1335 01:05:25,560 --> 01:05:26,760 GOVERNMENT DISTRUST THOUGH WE 1336 01:05:26,760 --> 01:05:27,680 CONSIDER OURSELVES SCIENTISTS 1337 01:05:27,680 --> 01:05:29,560 AND WE'RE NIH AND WE FUND 1338 01:05:29,560 --> 01:05:32,240 RESEARCH, WE'RE PART OF 1339 01:05:32,240 --> 01:05:33,400 GOVERNMENT, AND DIFFERENTIATION 1340 01:05:33,400 --> 01:05:34,720 BETWEEN WHAT NIH DOES AND WHAT 1341 01:05:34,720 --> 01:05:37,320 OTHER PARTS OF GOVERNMENT MAY 1342 01:05:37,320 --> 01:05:39,280 HAVE DONE IN THE PAST GETS 1343 01:05:39,280 --> 01:05:40,520 BLURRED IN THE GENERAL PUBLIC. 1344 01:05:40,520 --> 01:05:44,280 I THINK THIS IS AN ONGOING ISSUE 1345 01:05:44,280 --> 01:05:47,320 THAT ALL OF US AS SCIENTISTS AND 1346 01:05:47,320 --> 01:05:48,760 SUPPORTERS OF RESEARCH NEED TO 1347 01:05:48,760 --> 01:05:51,520 CONSIDER IN BEING MORE PROACTIVE 1348 01:05:51,520 --> 01:05:54,560 TO DEAL WITH. 1349 01:05:54,560 --> 01:05:58,560 THIS IS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL 1350 01:05:58,560 --> 01:06:00,560 DISPARITIES RESEARCH CENTERS AT 1351 01:06:00,560 --> 01:06:03,120 USC AND LOOKING AT THE 1352 01:06:03,120 --> 01:06:05,760 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAILY 1353 01:06:05,760 --> 01:06:07,640 PRE-NATAL EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS 1354 01:06:07,640 --> 01:06:11,400 ACROSS PREGNANCY AND MEASURE 1355 01:06:11,400 --> 01:06:14,040 POLLUTANTS AND MEASURE OZONE AND 1356 01:06:14,040 --> 01:06:15,040 PARTICULATE MATTER AND HOW THIS 1357 01:06:15,040 --> 01:06:17,880 MAY BE RELATED TO DEPRESSION. 1358 01:06:17,880 --> 01:06:21,680 NOW, AGAIN, THIS IS PART OF 1359 01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:23,960 THEIR GRANT APPLICATION AS WE 1360 01:06:23,960 --> 01:06:28,000 BEGIN TO SEE RESULTS IS 1361 01:06:28,000 --> 01:06:28,560 REASSURE. 1362 01:06:28,560 --> 01:06:32,760 THE IDEA THAT PARTICULATE MATTER 1363 01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:36,880 WHICH IS BAD FOR YOUR LUNGS AND 1364 01:06:36,880 --> 01:06:44,080 HEART AND PROBABLY AND THIS CAN 1365 01:06:44,080 --> 01:06:44,800 CONTRIBUTE TO CANCER AND MAY 1366 01:06:44,800 --> 01:06:46,920 LEAD TO MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AND 1367 01:06:46,920 --> 01:06:47,200 DEPRESSION. 1368 01:06:47,200 --> 01:06:53,480 THE COHORT IS PRIMARILY LATINA 1369 01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:55,520 WOMEN AND MEXICAN AMERICAN WOMEN 1370 01:06:55,520 --> 01:07:00,560 AND DEPRESSION WAS INCREASED 1371 01:07:00,560 --> 01:07:02,040 WITH SECOND TRIMESTER EXPOSURE 1372 01:07:02,040 --> 01:07:03,200 WITH ODDS RATIOS YOU CAN SEE 1373 01:07:03,200 --> 01:07:11,360 OVER 2. 1374 01:07:11,360 --> 01:07:14,880 AND OTHER EXPOSURES ASSOCIATED 1375 01:07:14,880 --> 01:07:17,320 WITH INCREASED DEPRESSION. 1376 01:07:17,320 --> 01:07:18,560 PARTICULATE IS ANYTHING THAT 1377 01:07:18,560 --> 01:07:18,920 GETS BURNED. 1378 01:07:18,920 --> 01:07:21,360 ALL THE FIRE PLACES, BURNING 1379 01:07:21,360 --> 01:07:27,560 ANYTHING OUTSIDE AND CONSUMING 1380 01:07:27,560 --> 01:07:37,000 ANY PARTICULATE MATTER AND WHAT 1381 01:07:37,000 --> 01:07:43,960 IS AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION. 1382 01:07:43,960 --> 01:07:50,360 AND LOOKING AT GLYCEMIC CONTROL 1383 01:07:50,360 --> 01:07:51,640 AMONG ADULTS WITH DIABETES AND 1384 01:07:51,640 --> 01:07:53,640 LOOKING AT A SURVEY OVER THE 1385 01:07:53,640 --> 01:07:55,080 COURSE OF FIVE YEARS FOR 1386 01:07:55,080 --> 01:07:58,320 MULTIPLE CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLES 1387 01:07:58,320 --> 01:08:02,160 TO GET A SAMPLE OF 1,682 ADULTS 1388 01:08:02,160 --> 01:08:05,200 OVER THE AGE OF 20. 1389 01:08:05,200 --> 01:08:08,560 SO POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL 1390 01:08:08,560 --> 01:08:11,080 REMEMBER CROSS-SECTIONAL SAMPLES 1391 01:08:11,080 --> 01:08:17,760 TO GET THE PERSONS WITH DIABETES 1392 01:08:17,760 --> 01:08:21,240 AND IT'S MUCH LARGER -- SOMEBODY 1393 01:08:21,240 --> 01:08:25,560 NEEDS TO BE MUTED. 1394 01:08:25,560 --> 01:08:27,320 ASSOCIATED WITH POOR QUALITY OF 1395 01:08:27,320 --> 01:08:30,280 DIET AND FOOD INSECURITY BEING 1396 01:08:30,280 --> 01:08:32,400 BLACK, LATINO AND LACKING A 1397 01:08:32,400 --> 01:08:33,680 REGULAR SOURCE OF HEALTH CARE. 1398 01:08:33,680 --> 01:08:41,960 HAVING FOOD INSECURITY IS A 1399 01:08:41,960 --> 01:08:43,480 CONTRIBUTOR TO VARIATION IN 1400 01:08:43,480 --> 01:08:44,640 DIABETES CONTROL IN WORKING 1401 01:08:44,640 --> 01:08:44,880 PEOPLE. 1402 01:08:44,880 --> 01:08:47,520 AT LEAST 10% OF THE 1403 01:08:47,520 --> 01:08:51,320 U.S. POPULATION HAS SOME LEVEL 1404 01:08:51,320 --> 01:08:52,560 OF FOOD -- LACKING FOOD 1405 01:08:52,560 --> 01:08:53,280 SECURITY. 1406 01:08:53,280 --> 01:08:57,840 SOME ESTIMATES MAY BE AS HIGH AS 1407 01:08:57,840 --> 01:09:02,120 20% IN THE MOST POPULATIONS 1408 01:09:02,120 --> 01:09:03,120 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LATINOS 1409 01:09:03,120 --> 01:09:05,960 DEPENDING ON THE AGE AND 1410 01:09:05,960 --> 01:09:07,760 PARADOXICALLY HAVING FOOD 1411 01:09:07,760 --> 01:09:11,560 INSECURITY LEADS TO GREATER 1412 01:09:11,560 --> 01:09:13,160 CONSUMPTION OF CALORIC DENSE 1413 01:09:13,160 --> 01:09:14,560 FOODS WHEN RESOURCES ARE 1414 01:09:14,560 --> 01:09:15,880 AVAILABLE. 1415 01:09:15,880 --> 01:09:18,920 THERE'S A STRONG ASSOCIATION 1416 01:09:18,920 --> 01:09:21,360 WITH EXCESS WEIGHT OR OBESITY 1417 01:09:21,360 --> 01:09:23,080 WITH HAVING FOOD INSECURITY AND 1418 01:09:23,080 --> 01:09:27,040 SEE IN THE DATA ISSUES AROUND 1419 01:09:27,040 --> 01:09:27,640 CONTROL OF DIABETES IS ALSO 1420 01:09:27,640 --> 01:09:34,560 RELATED. 1421 01:09:34,560 --> 01:09:36,960 THIS IS ONE OF THE PRODUCTS FROM 1422 01:09:36,960 --> 01:09:37,640 THE HEALTH INFORMATION 1423 01:09:37,640 --> 01:09:39,480 TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH 1424 01:09:39,480 --> 01:09:42,520 DISPARITIES INITIATIVE THAT WE 1425 01:09:42,520 --> 01:09:43,160 FUNDED. 1426 01:09:43,160 --> 01:09:49,320 IT IS A STUDY FROM THE GROUP IN 1427 01:09:49,320 --> 01:09:51,960 OREGON AND TRY AND DEVELOP AND 1428 01:09:51,960 --> 01:09:56,840 TEST ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD 1429 01:09:56,840 --> 01:09:58,560 BASE CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT 1430 01:09:58,560 --> 01:10:06,240 TOOL FOR CONTEXTUALIZED SOCIAL 1431 01:10:06,240 --> 01:10:06,440 RISK. 1432 01:10:06,440 --> 01:10:08,240 WE NEED LOTS OF GROUPS TO WORK 1433 01:10:08,240 --> 01:10:12,200 IN THIS SPACE. 1434 01:10:12,200 --> 01:10:13,960 IT'S THE NOTION THAT WE HAVE 1435 01:10:13,960 --> 01:10:17,760 DONE IN THE PAST VERY LITTLE 1436 01:10:17,760 --> 01:10:19,000 ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIAL 1437 01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:20,480 DETERMINATES OF HEALTH IN 1438 01:10:20,480 --> 01:10:21,680 PROVIDING HEALTH CARE AND I 1439 01:10:21,680 --> 01:10:27,200 THINK MAKING THIS MORE 1440 01:10:27,200 --> 01:10:29,360 SYSTEMATIC AND THROUGH THE 1441 01:10:29,360 --> 01:10:31,040 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD IS AN 1442 01:10:31,040 --> 01:10:31,320 OPTION. 1443 01:10:31,320 --> 01:10:33,160 YOU ASSESS BUT YOU DON'T KNOW 1444 01:10:33,160 --> 01:10:35,160 WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT AND WHAT 1445 01:10:35,160 --> 01:10:36,560 GOOD DOES IT DO. 1446 01:10:36,560 --> 01:10:39,520 IT MAY IMPROVE COMMUNICATION AS 1447 01:10:39,520 --> 01:10:42,720 ONE IDEA BETWEEN CLINICIAN AND 1448 01:10:42,720 --> 01:10:44,680 PATIENT MAY MAKE US GET AWAY 1449 01:10:44,680 --> 01:10:47,480 FROM THE BLAMING THE PATIENCE 1450 01:10:47,480 --> 01:10:50,640 FOR NOT DOING WHAT WE 1451 01:10:50,640 --> 01:10:50,960 RECOMMENDED. 1452 01:10:50,960 --> 01:10:52,760 I THINK THIS KIND OF TOOL MAY 1453 01:10:52,760 --> 01:10:56,200 HAVE POTENTIAL TO LEAD US TO 1454 01:10:56,200 --> 01:10:59,760 ACTUALLY LEAD TO ACTIONS. 1455 01:10:59,760 --> 01:11:03,920 AGAIN, LOTS OF BARRIERS RELATED 1456 01:11:03,920 --> 01:11:06,560 TO REIMBURSEMENT IN OUR FEE FOR 1457 01:11:06,560 --> 01:11:07,840 SERVICE MODEL. 1458 01:11:07,840 --> 01:11:09,360 IT IS A CHALLENGE. 1459 01:11:09,360 --> 01:11:10,840 SO THEY WILL DO THIS -- THEY'LL 1460 01:11:10,840 --> 01:11:12,960 IMPLEMENT THIS TOOL AND 1461 01:11:12,960 --> 01:11:15,240 INTERVENTION CLINICS AND FOLLOW 1462 01:11:15,240 --> 01:11:18,080 THEM FOR 18 MONTHS TO SEE HOW 1463 01:11:18,080 --> 01:11:22,560 OUR IMPACTS ARE APPROPRIATELY 1464 01:11:22,560 --> 01:11:23,360 IMPROVING QUALITY MEASURES SUCH 1465 01:11:23,360 --> 01:11:25,560 AS BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AND 1466 01:11:25,560 --> 01:11:29,200 HEMOGLOBIN A1C. 1467 01:11:29,200 --> 01:11:30,080 GIVEN WE KNOW THOUGH NOT 1468 01:11:30,080 --> 01:11:31,960 NECESSARILY IN OREGON SO IT'S 1469 01:11:31,960 --> 01:11:36,560 NOT AN ONLY OREGON STUDY, THAT 1470 01:11:36,560 --> 01:11:39,160 AFRICAN AMERICAN AND LATINOS 1471 01:11:39,160 --> 01:11:42,000 WITH HYPER TENSION AND DIABETES 1472 01:11:42,000 --> 01:11:44,240 ACTUALLY HAVE WORSE CONTROL OF 1473 01:11:44,240 --> 01:11:46,160 THEIR BLOOD PRESSURE AND 1474 01:11:46,160 --> 01:11:48,240 HEMOGLOBIN A1C IN THE MEDICARE 1475 01:11:48,240 --> 01:11:48,600 ANALYSIS. 1476 01:11:48,600 --> 01:11:52,000 SO AFTER EVERYONE HAS ACCESS TO 1477 01:11:52,000 --> 01:11:55,480 SOME FORM OF HEALTH CARE 1478 01:11:55,480 --> 01:11:57,120 COVERAGE AND SO I THINK THIS IS 1479 01:11:57,120 --> 01:12:00,600 A PROBLEM GIVEN WE KNOW THE 1480 01:12:00,600 --> 01:12:04,560 PREVALENCES ARE HIGHER 1481 01:12:04,560 --> 01:12:05,760 PARTICULARLY FOR AFRICAN 1482 01:12:05,760 --> 01:12:09,000 AMERICANS AND LATINOS ARE KNOWN 1483 01:12:09,000 --> 01:12:11,160 TO HAVE LESS CONTROLLED BLOOD 1484 01:12:11,160 --> 01:12:12,560 PRESSURE AND WE'LL LOOK FOR 1485 01:12:12,560 --> 01:12:14,520 ADDITIONAL RESULTS FROM THIS 1486 01:12:14,520 --> 01:12:14,880 GROUP. 1487 01:12:14,880 --> 01:12:21,960 THIS IS RELATIONSHIP OF THE 1488 01:12:21,960 --> 01:12:24,560 IMPACT OF THE ACA MEDICAID 1489 01:12:24,560 --> 01:12:27,800 EXPANSION ON TRAUMA CARE IN 1490 01:12:27,800 --> 01:12:29,280 STATEWIDE HOSPITAL DISCHARGE 1491 01:12:29,280 --> 01:12:33,040 DATA FROM FIVE STATES THAT DID 1492 01:12:33,040 --> 01:12:33,960 EXPAND MEDICAID AND FIVE STATES 1493 01:12:33,960 --> 01:12:35,000 THAT DID NOT. 1494 01:12:35,000 --> 01:12:37,960 THERE MAY BE BIAS SINCE THE 1495 01:12:37,960 --> 01:12:39,920 STATES THAT DID NOT EXPAND ARE 1496 01:12:39,920 --> 01:12:42,440 DIMINISHING IN NUMBER AND 1497 01:12:42,440 --> 01:12:43,760 PARTICULARLY MAY BE DIFFERENT 1498 01:12:43,760 --> 01:12:45,560 THOUGH ONE COULD ARGUE WHO MAJOR 1499 01:12:45,560 --> 01:12:49,600 STATES HAVE NOT AND WILL NOT IN 1500 01:12:49,600 --> 01:12:51,120 THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE EXPAND, 1501 01:12:51,120 --> 01:12:52,360 TEXAS AND FLORIDA. 1502 01:12:52,360 --> 01:12:56,480 THOSE COMPARISONS ARE WORTHWHILE 1503 01:12:56,480 --> 01:12:56,760 WORTHWHILE. 1504 01:12:56,760 --> 01:13:02,080 SO EXPANSION OF MEDICAID WAS 1505 01:13:02,080 --> 01:13:06,600 MARKED DECREASE IN UNINSURED 1506 01:13:06,600 --> 01:13:09,000 PATIENCE AND DISPROPORTIONATE TO 1507 01:13:09,000 --> 01:13:09,720 AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LATINOS 1508 01:13:09,720 --> 01:13:12,880 AND ACROSS THE BOARD THE ACA 1509 01:13:12,880 --> 01:13:16,280 REDUCED THE UNINSURED RATE FOR 1510 01:13:16,280 --> 01:13:19,480 LATINOS BY AT LEAST A THIRD. 1511 01:13:19,480 --> 01:13:22,040 LATINOS IN GENERAL HAVE THE 1512 01:13:22,040 --> 01:13:31,680 HIGHEST RATE OF IN -- UNINSURED 1513 01:13:31,680 --> 01:13:32,320 POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES 1514 01:13:32,320 --> 01:13:32,920 AND THAT HAS NOT CHANGED AND 1515 01:13:32,920 --> 01:13:34,680 PATIENT REHABILITATION WAS 1516 01:13:34,680 --> 01:13:36,080 OBSERVED ESPECIALLY AMONG 1517 01:13:36,080 --> 01:13:39,560 PATIENTS FROM THE LOST COMPARED 1518 01:13:39,560 --> 01:13:40,920 TO THE HIGHEST INCOME ZIP CODES 1519 01:13:40,920 --> 01:13:43,200 AND DECREASE IN HOSPITAL 1520 01:13:43,200 --> 01:13:45,320 MORTALITY AMONG BLACK PATIENTS. 1521 01:13:45,320 --> 01:13:46,880 MORE AND MORE EVIDENCE IS 1522 01:13:46,880 --> 01:13:50,560 EMERGING, HAS EMERGED OVER TIME 1523 01:13:50,560 --> 01:13:53,400 SINCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 1524 01:13:53,400 --> 01:13:54,640 AFFORDABLE CARE ACT IN I AM 1525 01:13:54,640 --> 01:13:58,240 PROVING HEALTH. 1526 01:13:58,240 --> 01:14:07,320 -- IN I AM -- IMPROVING HEALTH 1527 01:14:07,320 --> 01:14:08,880 AND AS IT WAS DEPLOYED THERE 1528 01:14:08,880 --> 01:14:13,720 WERE MULTIPLE ATTEMPTS TO END IT 1529 01:14:13,720 --> 01:14:15,480 AND IT WAS WEAKENED IN SOME WAYS 1530 01:14:15,480 --> 01:14:17,280 BUT I THINK IT WAS A MAJOR 1531 01:14:17,280 --> 01:14:18,400 PROGRESS AND NOW AT LEAST WE 1532 01:14:18,400 --> 01:14:20,240 HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO 1533 01:14:20,240 --> 01:14:22,760 STRENGTHEN IT AND IT HAS BEEN 1534 01:14:22,760 --> 01:14:28,040 EMBRACED BY MANY STATES THAT DO 1535 01:14:28,040 --> 01:14:33,960 NOT HAVE DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP. 1536 01:14:33,960 --> 01:14:35,360 I'M OPTIMISTIC THE IMPACT IS 1537 01:14:35,360 --> 01:14:35,960 HERE TO STAY. 1538 01:14:35,960 --> 01:14:37,360 THIS IS AN ANALYSIS. 1539 01:14:37,360 --> 01:14:42,560 I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO 1540 01:14:42,560 --> 01:14:55,400 COLLABORATE WITH AND LOOKING AT 1541 01:14:55,400 --> 01:14:59,520 DATA FROM THE CDC AND ESTIMATES 1542 01:14:59,520 --> 01:15:00,680 FROM THE CENSUS TO COMPARE 1543 01:15:00,680 --> 01:15:02,360 EXCESS DEATHS FROM RACE, 1544 01:15:02,360 --> 01:15:04,400 ETHNICITY, SEX, AGE GROUP NOT 1545 01:15:04,400 --> 01:15:05,680 REALLY A LOT OF DETAIL ON CAUSE 1546 01:15:05,680 --> 01:15:09,160 OF DEATH SO HARD TO REALLY 1547 01:15:09,160 --> 01:15:10,360 QUANTIFY HOW MANY OF THESE 1548 01:15:10,360 --> 01:15:15,480 EXCESS DEATHS NOT DUE TO COVID 1549 01:15:15,480 --> 01:15:17,160 ARE RELATED TO EXCESS 1550 01:15:17,160 --> 01:15:18,600 CARDIOVASCULAR OR CANCER DEATHS 1551 01:15:18,600 --> 01:15:21,440 WOULD BE THE EXPECTED HIGHEST 1552 01:15:21,440 --> 01:15:21,960 NUMBERS. 1553 01:15:21,960 --> 01:15:23,400 ALMOST 3 MILLION PEOPLE DIED IN 1554 01:15:23,400 --> 01:15:25,600 THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN MARCH 1555 01:15:25,600 --> 01:15:29,560 1, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31. 1556 01:15:29,560 --> 01:15:32,720 ESTIMATE 477,200 OF THESE EXCESS 1557 01:15:32,720 --> 01:15:35,280 DEATHS WITH A COMPARISON TO 1558 01:15:35,280 --> 01:15:38,280 2019, HARD TO COMPARE PRIOR TO 1559 01:15:38,280 --> 01:15:39,840 2019 BECAUSE SOME OF THE 1560 01:15:39,840 --> 01:15:41,240 CATEGORIES CHANGED AND THAT WAS 1561 01:15:41,240 --> 01:15:43,840 ONE OF THE COMMENTS THE 1562 01:15:43,840 --> 01:15:46,200 REVIEWERS AND THE EXCESS DEATHS 1563 01:15:46,200 --> 01:15:52,440 PER 100,000 PERSONS ARE SHOWN ON 1564 01:15:52,440 --> 01:15:54,720 THE BAR GRAPHS TO THE RIGHT AND 1565 01:15:54,720 --> 01:15:57,920 YOU CAN SEE WHEN COVID-19 AND 1566 01:15:57,920 --> 01:16:00,560 NON-COVID-19 AND THESE ARE RATES 1567 01:16:00,560 --> 01:16:02,800 SO THE ABSOLUTE NUMBER IS 1568 01:16:02,800 --> 01:16:03,840 HIGHEST AMONG WHITES BUT THE 1569 01:16:03,840 --> 01:16:09,840 RATES AS WE KNOW ALREADY MORE 1570 01:16:09,840 --> 01:16:15,520 THAN DOUBLE OR MORE FOR AND FOR 1571 01:16:15,520 --> 01:16:19,440 THE GLOBAL GROUP OF ASIAN WE 1572 01:16:19,440 --> 01:16:21,960 LOSE GRANULARITY FOR THE NATIVE 1573 01:16:21,960 --> 01:16:23,560 HAWAIIAN ISLANDERS ARE NOW BEING 1574 01:16:23,560 --> 01:16:24,920 SEPARATELY ASCERTAINED FOR THE 1575 01:16:24,920 --> 01:16:25,760 CAUSE OF DEATH. 1576 01:16:25,760 --> 01:16:27,960 SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN ALMOST A 1577 01:16:27,960 --> 01:16:29,640 20-YEAR PROJECT BY THE CDC AND 1578 01:16:29,640 --> 01:16:31,720 NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH 1579 01:16:31,720 --> 01:16:32,440 STATISTICS. 1580 01:16:32,440 --> 01:16:38,360 WE'LL SEE BETTER DATA MOVING 1581 01:16:38,360 --> 01:16:41,000 FORWARD AND NATIVE AMERICAN 1582 01:16:41,000 --> 01:16:42,960 INDIANS AND MEN SUFFERED MORE 1583 01:16:42,960 --> 01:16:43,720 COVID DEATHS AS WELL AS EXCESS 1584 01:16:43,720 --> 01:16:48,920 DEATHS COMPARED TO WOMEN. 1585 01:16:48,920 --> 01:16:51,760 THIS IS A STUDY THAT CAME FROM 1586 01:16:51,760 --> 01:16:58,040 MY LAB AT NHLBI AS WE TRY TO 1587 01:16:58,040 --> 01:17:00,560 LEVERAGE THE ACCESS TO THE 1588 01:17:00,560 --> 01:17:05,280 HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY 1589 01:17:05,280 --> 01:17:08,520 DATA TO LOOK AT THE 1590 01:17:08,520 --> 01:17:11,520 CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL 1591 01:17:11,520 --> 01:17:16,880 PERSPECTIVES WITH SOL, WHAT WE 1592 01:17:16,880 --> 01:17:20,600 ARE USING 12 BIOMARKERS FOR A 1593 01:17:20,600 --> 01:17:25,080 MEASURE OF CHRONIC STRESS, 1594 01:17:25,080 --> 01:17:25,760 PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF 1595 01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:26,360 CHRONIC STRESS. 1596 01:17:26,360 --> 01:17:29,520 SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AS 1597 01:17:29,520 --> 01:17:33,320 MEASURED AND UNHEALTHY 1598 01:17:33,320 --> 01:17:33,560 BEHAVIORS. 1599 01:17:33,560 --> 01:17:36,160 THIS WAS IN PART PROMPTED BY 1600 01:17:36,160 --> 01:17:38,880 WORK THAT JAMES JACKSON HAS 1601 01:17:38,880 --> 01:17:40,000 PUBLISHED YEARS AGO, JAMES 1602 01:17:40,000 --> 01:17:41,560 PASSED AWAY A LITTLE OVER A YEAR 1603 01:17:41,560 --> 01:17:43,280 AGO KNOWN TO MANY OF US AS A 1604 01:17:43,280 --> 01:17:49,200 GIANT IN THE FILED. 1605 01:17:49,200 --> 01:17:52,240 AND THE UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS IS 1606 01:17:52,240 --> 01:17:54,920 SMOKING AND AT RISK ALCOHOL 1607 01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:55,760 CONSUMPTION OR EXCESSIVE OR 1608 01:17:55,760 --> 01:18:01,000 BINGE. 1609 01:18:01,000 --> 01:18:02,760 AND DIET AND PHYSICAL INACTIVITY 1610 01:18:02,760 --> 01:18:05,000 WHICH SEEMED TO HAVE GOTTEN LEFT 1611 01:18:05,000 --> 01:18:08,680 OFF I PROBABLY DELETED IT 1612 01:18:08,680 --> 01:18:09,400 WITHOUT KNOWING. 1613 01:18:09,400 --> 01:18:19,520 SO HIGH ALLOSTATIC LOAD AND 1614 01:18:19,520 --> 01:18:20,640 UNHEALTHY BEHAVIOR COUNTED FOR 1615 01:18:20,640 --> 01:18:24,320 ONE COMPARED TO THOSE WITH NO 1616 01:18:24,320 --> 01:18:24,920 UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS HAD LOWER 1617 01:18:24,920 --> 01:18:33,400 ODDS OF DEPRESSION. 1618 01:18:33,400 --> 01:18:38,840 AND SOME POPULATIONS AND AFRICAN 1619 01:18:38,840 --> 01:18:43,920 AMERICANS COPED AND BUILT 1620 01:18:43,920 --> 01:18:45,520 RESILIENCE TO STRESS OF 1621 01:18:45,520 --> 01:18:51,000 UNEMPLOYMENT OR BEING POOR OR 1622 01:18:51,000 --> 01:18:52,040 OTHER ISSUES IN THEIR COMMUNITY 1623 01:18:52,040 --> 01:18:55,760 BY VIEWING UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS. 1624 01:18:55,760 --> 01:18:57,840 INCLUDING UNHEALTHY EATING, USE 1625 01:18:57,840 --> 01:19:00,120 OF SUBSTANCES OR SMOKING. 1626 01:19:00,120 --> 01:19:01,000 THIS IS VERY CONTROVERSIAL WHEN 1627 01:19:01,000 --> 01:19:03,240 IT WAS PUBLISHED AND GOT A LOT 1628 01:19:03,240 --> 01:19:07,920 OF PUSHBACK ON IT AND WE HAD 1629 01:19:07,920 --> 01:19:09,760 HAVE DONE A NUMBER OF ANALYSES 1630 01:19:09,760 --> 01:19:12,360 TO SEE IF THERE WAS EVIDENCE IN 1631 01:19:12,360 --> 01:19:15,160 OTHER POPULATIONS AS WELL AS IN 1632 01:19:15,160 --> 01:19:15,560 AFRICAN AMERICANS. 1633 01:19:15,560 --> 01:19:17,160 THIS IS ONLY LATINOS OF COURSE. 1634 01:19:17,160 --> 01:19:22,920 WE LOOKED TRIED TO LOOK AT SUB 1635 01:19:22,920 --> 01:19:23,800 POPULATION BUSINESS ORIGIN BUT 1636 01:19:23,800 --> 01:19:27,240 THE SAMPLE SIZES GET SMALL AND 1637 01:19:27,240 --> 01:19:29,360 THERE ARE HINTS IN THE DATA 1638 01:19:29,360 --> 01:19:30,600 PUERTO RICANS PERHAPS FIT MORE 1639 01:19:30,600 --> 01:19:33,720 OF THIS MODEL BUT I WOULDN'T 1640 01:19:33,720 --> 01:19:35,920 MAKE A BIG DEAL OF THAT. 1641 01:19:35,920 --> 01:19:37,840 THIS IS WITH A SAMPLE SIZE OF 1642 01:19:37,840 --> 01:19:43,240 11,000 SO NOT A SMALL STUDY. 1643 01:19:43,240 --> 01:19:47,360 COVID RELATED DISINFORMATION. 1644 01:19:47,360 --> 01:19:51,480 NIMHD INTRAMURAL PROGRAM 1645 01:19:51,480 --> 01:19:55,480 LAUNCHED MULTIPLE ONLINE SURVEYS 1646 01:19:55,480 --> 01:19:57,440 FUNDED IN 2020. 1647 01:19:57,440 --> 01:19:59,440 THEY WERE CONDUCTED BETWEEN 1648 01:19:59,440 --> 01:20:03,680 DECEMBER 2020 AND FEBRUARY 2021 1649 01:20:03,680 --> 01:20:09,400 SO BEFORE WE HAD IMPLEMENTED OR 1650 01:20:09,400 --> 01:20:12,640 DEPLOYED THE EFFECTIVE VACCINES 1651 01:20:12,640 --> 01:20:15,120 IN THE COMMUNITY, THIS 1652 01:20:15,120 --> 01:20:26,480 PARTICULAR ANALYSIS LED BY PAUL 1653 01:20:26,480 --> 01:20:27,920 STRASSLE TO BE PUBLISHED AND 1654 01:20:27,920 --> 01:20:34,040 THE STUDY SAMPLED WAS A PURPOSE 1655 01:20:34,040 --> 01:20:36,160 SAMPLE OF ASIAN AFRICAN 1656 01:20:36,160 --> 01:20:37,760 AMERICANS AN LATINOS HALF WERE 1657 01:20:37,760 --> 01:20:40,960 SPANISH SPEAKING AND WHITE 1658 01:20:40,960 --> 01:20:41,720 ADULTS. 1659 01:20:41,720 --> 01:20:43,840 AND AN ADDITIONAL SAMPLE OF 1660 01:20:43,840 --> 01:20:47,560 AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKAN 1661 01:20:47,560 --> 01:20:50,400 NATIVES AND NATIVE HAWAIIANS 1662 01:20:50,400 --> 01:20:54,040 PACIFIC ISLANDERS AND 1663 01:20:54,040 --> 01:20:57,760 MULTI-RACIAL ADULTS. 1664 01:20:57,760 --> 01:21:03,480 AND THERE WERE OTHER SAMPLES OF 1665 01:21:03,480 --> 01:21:04,600 SMOKING DONE BY INTRAMURAL 1666 01:21:04,600 --> 01:21:04,920 INVESTIGATORS. 1667 01:21:04,920 --> 01:21:07,480 IN THEIR RESULTS IN THIS PAPER, 1668 01:21:07,480 --> 01:21:10,320 ALL ADULTS BELONGING TO ONE OF 1669 01:21:10,320 --> 01:21:12,800 THE ETHNIC POPULATIONS WERE MORE 1670 01:21:12,800 --> 01:21:13,680 LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE 1671 01:21:13,680 --> 01:21:15,760 DISCRIMINATION COMPARED TO WHITE 1672 01:21:15,760 --> 01:21:16,640 ADULTS. 1673 01:21:16,640 --> 01:21:20,160 AND ASIAN AND AMERICAN INDIA AND 1674 01:21:20,160 --> 01:21:22,680 ALASKAN NATIVE WERE THE MOST 1675 01:21:22,680 --> 01:21:23,000 LIKELY. 1676 01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:25,760 LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY, 1677 01:21:25,760 --> 01:21:27,360 LESS EDUCATION, LOWER INCOME AND 1678 01:21:27,360 --> 01:21:29,360 LIVING IN THE BIG CITY OR 1679 01:21:29,360 --> 01:21:31,440 SOUTHEAST CENTRAL OF THE COUNTRY 1680 01:21:31,440 --> 01:21:34,360 WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH 1681 01:21:34,360 --> 01:21:35,560 INCREASED DISCRIMINATION. 1682 01:21:35,560 --> 01:21:37,760 SO MORE TO COME. 1683 01:21:37,760 --> 01:21:43,520 WE ARE FONDLY CALLING IT THE 1684 01:21:43,520 --> 01:21:44,560 SUSH STUDY. 1685 01:21:44,560 --> 01:21:49,120 THE DIRECTOR OF NINR HAS OUR LAB 1686 01:21:49,120 --> 01:21:50,800 IN OUR INTRAMURAL PROGRAM. 1687 01:21:50,800 --> 01:21:53,800 THIS IS TO EVALUATE TRENDS AND 1688 01:21:53,800 --> 01:21:56,360 DISPARITIES RELATED TO 1689 01:21:56,360 --> 01:21:57,920 PHARMACIES BY NEIGHBORHOOD 1690 01:21:57,920 --> 01:21:58,320 COMPOSITION. 1691 01:21:58,320 --> 01:22:08,560 THIS IS FROM THE NATIONAL 1692 01:22:08,560 --> 01:22:15,080 COUNCIL FOR DRUG TERMS AND I 1693 01:22:15,080 --> 01:22:19,800 LIVE IN DC AND IT'S A DENSE 1694 01:22:19,800 --> 01:22:21,480 URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD AND HAVE 1695 01:22:21,480 --> 01:22:23,560 PHARMACIES WITHIN FIVE BLOCKS OF 1696 01:22:23,560 --> 01:22:24,960 WHERE I LIVE. 1697 01:22:24,960 --> 01:22:30,240 THIS IS A VERY HETRO GENOUS 1698 01:22:30,240 --> 01:22:32,120 NEIGHBORHOOD AND THERE'S 1699 01:22:32,120 --> 01:22:34,760 PHARMACY DESERTS AND MORE POLICY 1700 01:22:34,760 --> 01:22:36,760 AND RESEARCHERS ARE DISCUSSING 1701 01:22:36,760 --> 01:22:42,880 HOW WE CAN USE THE PHARMACY 1702 01:22:42,880 --> 01:22:45,880 CHAINS AS A FLASH POINT FOR 1703 01:22:45,880 --> 01:22:46,280 INTERVENTIONS. 1704 01:22:46,280 --> 01:22:51,120 WE'RE DISTRIBUTING TESTS AND I 1705 01:22:51,120 --> 01:22:55,360 GOT MY DOSES OF VACCINES AT 1706 01:22:55,360 --> 01:22:55,680 PHARMACIES. 1707 01:22:55,680 --> 01:23:05,760 I THINK THIS IS ALL AN IMPORTANT 1708 01:23:05,760 --> 01:23:07,040 POTENTIAL FOR THE FUTURE AND YOU 1709 01:23:07,040 --> 01:23:08,360 CAN'T DO ANYTHING IF THERE'S NO 1710 01:23:08,360 --> 01:23:15,480 PHARMACY IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD. 1711 01:23:15,480 --> 01:23:16,840 IT'S LIKE EAT HEALTHY BUT 1712 01:23:16,840 --> 01:23:18,240 THERE'S NO SUPER MARKET AND HAVE 1713 01:23:18,240 --> 01:23:20,120 TO GO SEVERAL MILES AND DON'T 1714 01:23:20,120 --> 01:23:21,040 HAVE A VEHICLE AND PUBLIC 1715 01:23:21,040 --> 01:23:21,960 TRANSPORTATION IN YOUR CITY IS 1716 01:23:21,960 --> 01:23:28,960 NOT THAT GOOD. 1717 01:23:28,960 --> 01:23:30,800 LET ME WIND DOWN WITH THINGS 1718 01:23:30,800 --> 01:23:31,560 THAT HAVE HAPPENED. 1719 01:23:31,560 --> 01:23:32,800 THE HEALTH DISPARITIES INTEREST 1720 01:23:32,800 --> 01:23:35,920 GROUP AT NIH. 1721 01:23:35,920 --> 01:23:37,360 THIS IS AN INTRAMURAL INTEREST 1722 01:23:37,360 --> 01:24:00,520 GROUP PRIMARILY REACTIVATED. 1723 01:24:00,520 --> 01:24:03,760 THE FORMER MEMBER OF OUR COUNCIL 1724 01:24:03,760 --> 01:24:05,280 MADE A WONDERFUL PRESENTATION ON 1725 01:24:05,280 --> 01:24:07,360 THE RULE FOR FEASIBLE 1726 01:24:07,360 --> 01:24:08,360 INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCING HEALTH 1727 01:24:08,360 --> 01:24:10,920 DISPARITIES WORKING FROM A 1728 01:24:10,920 --> 01:24:12,520 BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST PERSPECTIVE 1729 01:24:12,520 --> 01:24:19,480 IN CLINICAL SETTINGS. 1730 01:24:19,480 --> 01:24:23,160 WE'RE PROUD OF ALANNA FORDE'S 1731 01:24:23,160 --> 01:24:25,560 PAPER IN THE HEART STUDY 1732 01:24:25,560 --> 01:24:27,560 SELECTED AS A TOP PAPER IN 2020 1733 01:24:27,560 --> 01:24:30,320 IN THE CATEGORY OF POPULATION 1734 01:24:30,320 --> 01:24:34,640 SCIENCE IN THE JOURNAL OF 1735 01:24:34,640 --> 01:24:37,960 HYPERTENSION AND ALSO PROUD OF 1736 01:24:37,960 --> 01:24:41,120 CALVIN CHOI OUR FIRST PROMOTED 1737 01:24:41,120 --> 01:24:42,000 TENURED SENIOR INVESTIGATOR. 1738 01:24:42,000 --> 01:24:43,920 I ANNOUNCED THIS BEFORE BUT JUST 1739 01:24:43,920 --> 01:24:50,320 WANT TO REITERATE, CALVIN WAS 1740 01:24:50,320 --> 01:24:53,480 RECRUITED TO NIMHD BEFORE I WAS 1741 01:24:53,480 --> 01:24:55,520 SELECTED AS DIRECTOR. 1742 01:24:55,520 --> 01:24:58,040 HE WAS THE ONLY TENURE TRACK 1743 01:24:58,040 --> 01:25:00,240 INVESTIGATOR AT NIMHD WHEN I 1744 01:25:00,240 --> 01:25:00,520 ARRIVED. 1745 01:25:00,520 --> 01:25:03,520 HIS FOCUS IS ON TOBACCO SO 1746 01:25:03,520 --> 01:25:05,640 CLEARLY SOMETHING WE COULD SHARE 1747 01:25:05,640 --> 01:25:07,200 AND DISCUSS. 1748 01:25:07,200 --> 01:25:09,520 HE HAS BEEN A VERY EFFECTIVE IN 1749 01:25:09,520 --> 01:25:11,480 HIS RESEARCH AND NOW IS A SENIOR 1750 01:25:11,480 --> 01:25:16,760 INVESTIGATOR AND GAVE ONE OF THE 1751 01:25:16,760 --> 01:25:21,960 LECTURES THAT DR. GOTTESMAN 1752 01:25:21,960 --> 01:25:24,760 SPONSORED FOR ALL THE NEWLY 1753 01:25:24,760 --> 01:25:27,560 TENURED INVESTIGATORS AT NIH. 1754 01:25:27,560 --> 01:25:35,840 I WAS FORTUNATE TO BE ABLE TO 1755 01:25:35,840 --> 01:25:37,960 LISTEN AND WE HAVE SEVERAL 1756 01:25:37,960 --> 01:25:39,920 DIRECTOR'S SERIES SET FOR 2022. 1757 01:25:39,920 --> 01:25:40,840 I THINK WE'RE SET FOR THEM 1758 01:25:40,840 --> 01:25:44,560 VIRTUALLY AND THE ONE IN TWO 1759 01:25:44,560 --> 01:25:45,920 WEEK FROM JOAN REEDE OUR 1760 01:25:45,920 --> 01:25:48,200 COLLEAGUE IN COUNCIL AND MARK 1761 01:25:48,200 --> 01:25:51,080 HAYWARD, POPULATION SCIENTIST, 1762 01:25:51,080 --> 01:25:52,200 DEMOGRAPHER FROM THE UNIVERSITY 1763 01:25:52,200 --> 01:26:01,400 OF TEXAS AUSTIN IN MAY. 1764 01:26:01,400 --> 01:26:10,920 HORTENSIA AHARO WORK HAS DONE 1765 01:26:10,920 --> 01:26:12,240 WORK IN SUBSTANCE USE IN 1766 01:26:12,240 --> 01:26:15,480 POPULATIONS WITH HEALTH 1767 01:26:15,480 --> 01:26:19,480 DISPARITIES AND JUDITH JAMES A 1768 01:26:19,480 --> 01:26:21,920 LEADING SCIENTIST AND 1769 01:26:21,920 --> 01:26:23,520 RHEUMATOLOGIST WORKING IN 1770 01:26:23,520 --> 01:26:25,360 OKLAHOMA HAS DONE A LOT OF WORK 1771 01:26:25,360 --> 01:26:31,440 WITH BOTH THE CLINICAL 1772 01:26:31,440 --> 01:26:38,160 TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN 1773 01:26:38,160 --> 01:26:39,920 RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES AND 1774 01:26:39,920 --> 01:26:42,440 THIS IS ONE OF THE PRODUCTS OF 1775 01:26:42,440 --> 01:26:44,480 THE UNITE PROCESS. 1776 01:26:44,480 --> 01:26:48,080 I THINK WE SHOW THIS PHOTO 1777 01:26:48,080 --> 01:26:55,480 BECAUSE IT'S OUR OWN SHERRINE 1778 01:26:55,480 --> 01:26:56,600 EL-TOUKHY AND SOME MAY RECOGNIZE 1779 01:26:56,600 --> 01:26:58,480 DAVE WILSON THE DIRECTOR OF THE 1780 01:26:58,480 --> 01:27:03,160 TRIBAL HEALTH RESEARCH OFFICE 1781 01:27:03,160 --> 01:27:06,960 AND I THINK THIS IS NIDCR. 1782 01:27:06,960 --> 01:27:09,760 THERE WAS AN EFFORT TO SAY WELL, 1783 01:27:09,760 --> 01:27:12,280 WHEN WE WALK DOWN THE HALL WE 1784 01:27:12,280 --> 01:27:16,760 SEE CERTAIN KINDS OF FACES AND 1785 01:27:16,760 --> 01:27:18,440 WE OUGHT TO BE MORE EMBRACING OF 1786 01:27:18,440 --> 01:27:19,760 THE DIVERSITY AT NIH. 1787 01:27:19,760 --> 01:27:20,920 SO THIS IS AN EFFORT TO MAKE 1788 01:27:20,920 --> 01:27:26,920 THAT A REALITY. 1789 01:27:26,920 --> 01:27:27,920 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION. 1790 01:27:27,920 --> 01:27:30,360 I WANT TO EMPHASIZE OUR EFFORTS 1791 01:27:30,360 --> 01:27:31,160 TO RECRUIT. 1792 01:27:31,160 --> 01:27:32,360 DON'T HESITATE TO REACH OUT IN 1793 01:27:32,360 --> 01:27:33,760 ANY WAY, SHAPE OR FORM. 1794 01:27:33,760 --> 01:27:35,000 THESE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS TO 1795 01:27:35,000 --> 01:27:38,560 REACH ME AND MY E-MAIL SHOULD BE 1796 01:27:38,560 --> 01:27:41,400 ON THE TITLE SLIDE AS WELL. 1797 01:27:41,400 --> 01:27:42,720 I'LL STOP SHARING AND DENISE, DO 1798 01:27:42,720 --> 01:27:51,560 WE HAVE TIME FOR A FEW 1799 01:27:51,560 --> 01:27:57,960 QUESTIONS? 1800 01:27:57,960 --> 01:27:59,160 >> I THINK SO. 1801 01:27:59,160 --> 01:28:01,440 ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS? 1802 01:28:01,440 --> 01:28:02,760 >> FROM COUNCIL MEMBERS. 1803 01:28:02,760 --> 01:28:05,720 >> I HAD ONE QUESTION, SIR. 1804 01:28:05,720 --> 01:28:07,440 VERY INTERESTING, GREAT 1805 01:28:07,440 --> 01:28:09,960 PRESENTATION AND WHEN YOU TALKED 1806 01:28:09,960 --> 01:28:12,000 ABOUT THE CHANGING FOR 1807 01:28:12,000 --> 01:28:15,160 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AND 1808 01:28:15,160 --> 01:28:16,520 THE NEED TO DOCUMENT THE SOCIAL 1809 01:28:16,520 --> 01:28:17,160 DETERMINATES INTERESTING IN YOUR 1810 01:28:17,160 --> 01:28:19,520 THOUGHTS ON WHO SHOULD BE ABLE 1811 01:28:19,520 --> 01:28:22,760 TO ENTER INFORMATION ON THE 1812 01:28:22,760 --> 01:28:26,560 SOCIAL DETERMINATES IN THE 1813 01:28:26,560 --> 01:28:28,880 MEDICAL RECORDS AND ANY THAT 1814 01:28:28,880 --> 01:28:32,160 COMMUNITY PARTNERS MAY HELP 1815 01:28:32,160 --> 01:28:34,560 PROVIDE THOSE ENTRIES AND IF YOU 1816 01:28:34,560 --> 01:28:35,920 THINK ONLY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 1817 01:28:35,920 --> 01:28:37,120 SHOULD BE ABLE TO ENTER 1818 01:28:37,120 --> 01:28:37,600 INFORMATION AND OTHER 1819 01:28:37,600 --> 01:28:39,920 INDIVIDUALS SHOULD BE ABLE TO 1820 01:28:39,920 --> 01:28:42,560 ENTER AND WHAT INFORMATION FROM 1821 01:28:42,560 --> 01:28:44,080 THE COMMUNITY MAY GO IN THE 1822 01:28:44,080 --> 01:28:44,320 RECORDS. 1823 01:28:44,320 --> 01:28:45,760 >> GREAT QUESTION, DON. 1824 01:28:45,760 --> 01:28:48,360 I THINK EMPIRICAL OPERATIONAL 1825 01:28:48,360 --> 01:28:49,640 RESEARCH NEEDS TO BE DONE TO 1826 01:28:49,640 --> 01:28:55,200 KNOW WHAT IS THE BEST WAY. 1827 01:28:55,200 --> 01:28:58,880 I WOULD ARGUE THAT THERE ARE 1828 01:28:58,880 --> 01:29:00,320 FUNDAMENTAL DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS 1829 01:29:00,320 --> 01:29:02,800 ON THE POINT OF ENTRY WHEN 1830 01:29:02,800 --> 01:29:06,240 SOMEONE DOES AN IN TAKE AND 1831 01:29:06,240 --> 01:29:07,920 REGISTERS FOR A CLINIC OR 1832 01:29:07,920 --> 01:29:08,360 PRACTICE. 1833 01:29:08,360 --> 01:29:11,480 PEOPLE HAVE DONE RESEARCH ON HOW 1834 01:29:11,480 --> 01:29:14,360 YOU ASCERTAIN RACE AND ETHNICITY 1835 01:29:14,360 --> 01:29:16,000 WITHOUT ANYONE GETTING UPSET 1836 01:29:16,000 --> 01:29:18,760 BECAUSE THAT WAS INITIALLY A LOT 1837 01:29:18,760 --> 01:29:20,440 OF PUSHBACK WHO WOULD DO THAT 1838 01:29:20,440 --> 01:29:22,200 AND HOW DO YOU IT AND THERE'S 1839 01:29:22,200 --> 01:29:24,200 BEEN WORK DONE ON THAT. 1840 01:29:24,200 --> 01:29:26,640 LANGUAGE INFLUENCE IS ALSO 1841 01:29:26,640 --> 01:29:28,920 SOMETHING WE DID EMPIRICAL WORK 1842 01:29:28,920 --> 01:29:30,920 SHOWING A TWO-PART QUESTION IS 1843 01:29:30,920 --> 01:29:33,920 BETTER THAN ASKING PEOPLE DO YOU 1844 01:29:33,920 --> 01:29:34,440 SPEAK ENGLISH. 1845 01:29:34,440 --> 01:29:36,880 BECAUSE THAT WILL GET YOU NOT 1846 01:29:36,880 --> 01:29:37,760 ALWAYS BUT OFTEN THE WRONG 1847 01:29:37,760 --> 01:29:45,120 ANSWER. 1848 01:29:45,120 --> 01:29:48,080 PEOPLE AVOID SAYING THEY DON'T 1849 01:29:48,080 --> 01:29:49,120 AVOIDING AN INTERPRETER BEING 1850 01:29:49,120 --> 01:29:50,600 DELAYED AND PATIENTS KNOW HOW 1851 01:29:50,600 --> 01:29:51,040 THAT WORKS. 1852 01:29:51,040 --> 01:29:52,600 I THINK THERE'S OTHER FACTORS. 1853 01:29:52,600 --> 01:29:55,480 SHOULD IT BE A FRONT DESK PERSON 1854 01:29:55,480 --> 01:29:57,920 OR A CLINICAL STAFF AND I THINK 1855 01:29:57,920 --> 01:30:02,160 YOU'RE IMPLYING, COULD IT BE THE 1856 01:30:02,160 --> 01:30:03,400 INDIVIDUAL HIMSELF OR HERSELF. 1857 01:30:03,400 --> 01:30:04,720 YOU DO IT ONLINE. 1858 01:30:04,720 --> 01:30:06,440 AND I GO TO A DOCTOR VISIT AND 1859 01:30:06,440 --> 01:30:09,560 THEY ASK ME TO CHECK IN ONLINE 1860 01:30:09,560 --> 01:30:13,240 BEFORE A VISIT AND IF IT WORKS 1861 01:30:13,240 --> 01:30:14,360 IT'S GREAT. 1862 01:30:14,360 --> 01:30:15,440 I DON'T WAIT AT THE FRONT DESK 1863 01:30:15,440 --> 01:30:17,560 AND DON'T HAVE TO SHOW ANYTHING 1864 01:30:17,560 --> 01:30:19,520 AND KNOW I'M THE PERSON I'M 1865 01:30:19,520 --> 01:30:21,720 SUPPOSED TO BE THERE AND MY 1866 01:30:21,720 --> 01:30:22,440 INSURANCE INFORMATION'S THERE 1867 01:30:22,440 --> 01:30:24,240 AND THAT'S IT AND WAIT FOR THE 1868 01:30:24,240 --> 01:30:33,880 PHYSICIAN TO BE READY TO SEE ME. 1869 01:30:33,880 --> 01:30:40,160 THERE ARE A LOT OF FARCTORS AND 1870 01:30:40,160 --> 01:30:43,520 WHICH ONES MATTER WITHOUT 1871 01:30:43,520 --> 01:30:44,160 CREATING STIGMA OR PEOPLE THINK 1872 01:30:44,160 --> 01:30:46,360 WELL I'M NOT GOING TO TELL YOU 1873 01:30:46,360 --> 01:30:48,520 THAT I DON'T GET ENOUGH TO EAT 1874 01:30:48,520 --> 01:30:49,160 EVERY MONTH BECAUSE THEN YOU'LL 1875 01:30:49,160 --> 01:30:51,640 THINK LESS OF ME. 1876 01:30:51,640 --> 01:30:55,200 I DO THINK THIS IS AN AREA THAT 1877 01:30:55,200 --> 01:30:58,360 INCREASINGLY AS WE KNOW THESE 1878 01:30:58,360 --> 01:31:00,360 SOCIAL DETERMINATES ARE SO 1879 01:31:00,360 --> 01:31:01,880 IMPORTANT AT INFLUENCING HEALTH 1880 01:31:01,880 --> 01:31:03,440 AND HEALTH CARE WE NEED TO LEARN 1881 01:31:03,440 --> 01:31:06,840 HOW TO DO THIS BETTER BOTH WHAT 1882 01:31:06,840 --> 01:31:07,600 FACTORS TO COLLECT AND WHO 1883 01:31:07,600 --> 01:31:09,840 SHOULD COLLECT THEM AND HOW WE 1884 01:31:09,840 --> 01:31:11,480 SHOULD COLLECT THEM AND BE 1885 01:31:11,480 --> 01:31:13,080 STANDARDIZED IN THEIR APPROACH. 1886 01:31:13,080 --> 01:31:16,760 THANKS FOR THE QUESTION. 1887 01:31:16,760 --> 01:31:17,160 LISA. 1888 01:31:17,160 --> 01:31:20,040 >> HI, THANK YOU FOR THE 1889 01:31:20,040 --> 01:31:20,360 PRESENTATION. 1890 01:31:20,360 --> 01:31:23,320 IT'S ALWAYS GREAT IT SEE WHAT'S 1891 01:31:23,320 --> 01:31:25,120 GOING ON AT NIMHD WITH THE 1892 01:31:25,120 --> 01:31:27,080 RESEARCH COMING OUT. 1893 01:31:27,080 --> 01:31:29,640 I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT THE 1894 01:31:29,640 --> 01:31:31,800 INTRAMURAL RESEARCH YOU 1895 01:31:31,800 --> 01:31:32,920 PRESENTED ON DISCRIMINATION. 1896 01:31:32,920 --> 01:31:34,800 I DO A LOT OF WORK IN 1897 01:31:34,800 --> 01:31:36,360 DISCRIMINATION AND I THINK I 1898 01:31:36,360 --> 01:31:40,040 READ THE SLIDE CORRECTLY ASIANS 1899 01:31:40,040 --> 01:31:43,520 HAD THE HIGHEST RATES OF 1900 01:31:43,520 --> 01:31:44,560 DISCRIMINATION EVEN HIGHER THAN 1901 01:31:44,560 --> 01:31:45,600 AFRICAN AMERICANS, I THINK I 1902 01:31:45,600 --> 01:31:46,560 READ THAT RIGHT. 1903 01:31:46,560 --> 01:31:49,440 I WAS WONDERING IF YOU CAN TALK 1904 01:31:49,440 --> 01:31:51,240 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT. 1905 01:31:51,240 --> 01:31:52,720 TWO THINGS I THOUGHT COULD BE 1906 01:31:52,720 --> 01:31:54,960 GOING ON IS THE TIME RANGE YOU 1907 01:31:54,960 --> 01:31:56,520 COLLECTED MAYBE IT WAS SOMETHING 1908 01:31:56,520 --> 01:31:57,760 RELATED TO COVID RELATED 1909 01:31:57,760 --> 01:31:58,920 MISINFORMATION BUT ALSO BECAUSE 1910 01:31:58,920 --> 01:32:00,160 YOU DID IT ONLINE. 1911 01:32:00,160 --> 01:32:02,640 COULD IT HAVE BEEN THAT PEOPLE 1912 01:32:02,640 --> 01:32:04,760 MORE EDUCATED AND MORE HIGHLY 1913 01:32:04,760 --> 01:32:05,600 RESOURCED WERE IN THE STUDIES 1914 01:32:05,600 --> 01:32:11,480 AND YOU MAY NOT HAVE BEEN THE 1915 01:32:11,480 --> 01:32:14,120 BROADER SWATH OF THE POPULATION. 1916 01:32:14,120 --> 01:32:14,800 >> RIGHT. 1917 01:32:14,800 --> 01:32:21,960 I AM GOING GO WITH WHAT I HAVE 1918 01:32:21,960 --> 01:32:28,240 LEARNED ON THIS. 1919 01:32:28,240 --> 01:32:30,960 THIS WAS CONTRACTED FROM A 1920 01:32:30,960 --> 01:32:32,640 COMPANY DOING A NATIONAL EXAMPLE 1921 01:32:32,640 --> 01:32:34,640 AND IT'S A PROBABILITY SAMPLE. 1922 01:32:34,640 --> 01:32:39,360 YES, THERE ARE LIMITATIONS, NO 1923 01:32:39,360 --> 01:32:41,760 DOUBT ABOUT IT BUT REMEMBER 1924 01:32:41,760 --> 01:32:45,320 UPWARDS OF 90% OF AMERICAN 1925 01:32:45,320 --> 01:32:48,160 ADULTS OWN A SMARTPHONE SO A LOT 1926 01:32:48,160 --> 01:32:51,520 OF THIS THE LESS PRIVILEGED 1927 01:32:51,520 --> 01:32:54,120 INDIVIDUALS ARE LIKELY TO USE 1928 01:32:54,120 --> 01:32:54,400 SMARTPHONES. 1929 01:32:54,400 --> 01:32:57,200 I THINK THE INTERNAL VALIDITY OF 1930 01:32:57,200 --> 01:32:58,920 THE SAMPLING OR THE EXTERNAL 1931 01:32:58,920 --> 01:33:01,240 VALIDITY OF THE SAMPLING IS 1932 01:33:01,240 --> 01:33:03,200 PRETTY GOOD BASED ON WHAT I 1933 01:33:03,200 --> 01:33:03,960 UNDERSTAND FROM THE METHODS 1934 01:33:03,960 --> 01:33:05,640 THOUGH DON'T ASK ME TO GIVE YOU 1935 01:33:05,640 --> 01:33:07,160 THEY'LL DETAILS. 1936 01:33:07,160 --> 01:33:11,480 I'M HAPPY TO HAVE ANNA OR PAULA 1937 01:33:11,480 --> 01:33:12,560 FOLLOW-UP WITH YOU ABOUT IT. 1938 01:33:12,560 --> 01:33:19,360 I DO THINK YOUR IDEA OF WHY THE 1939 01:33:19,360 --> 01:33:22,000 RESULTS ARE TRUE BECAUSE THERE'S 1940 01:33:22,000 --> 01:33:30,880 BEEN SOME BLATANT ATTACKS ON 1941 01:33:30,880 --> 01:33:38,560 ASIAN AMERICANS AND THE ATTACKS 1942 01:33:38,560 --> 01:33:41,240 AND IN SAN FRANCISCO WHICH IS A 1943 01:33:41,240 --> 01:33:43,360 MAJORITY -- THE LARGEST RACIAL 1944 01:33:43,360 --> 01:33:45,200 ETHNIC GROUP IS ASIAN AMERICAN 1945 01:33:45,200 --> 01:33:47,360 AND IN NEW YORK CITY AND I MEAN 1946 01:33:47,360 --> 01:33:50,200 SO THERE WAS CLEARLY SOMETHING 1947 01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:51,960 GENERATED ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF 1948 01:33:51,960 --> 01:33:56,560 THE VIRUS, ETCETERA, THAT LED TO 1949 01:33:56,560 --> 01:33:58,560 THE SPONTANEOUS EPISODES. 1950 01:33:58,560 --> 01:34:01,920 THAT SEEMS TO HAVE AT LEAST 1951 01:34:01,920 --> 01:34:03,560 DECREASED SOME IN THE LAST YEAR 1952 01:34:03,560 --> 01:34:07,080 IN THE LAST SIX MONTHS BUT YES, 1953 01:34:07,080 --> 01:34:12,680 THE TIMING MAY HAVE MAXIMIZED 1954 01:34:12,680 --> 01:34:13,880 THAT EVENT. 1955 01:34:13,880 --> 01:34:15,920 DON'T HESITATE TO REACH OUT TO 1956 01:34:15,920 --> 01:34:17,280 PAULA OR ANNA. 1957 01:34:17,280 --> 01:34:19,160 I'M SURE THEY'LL BE DELIGHTED. 1958 01:34:19,160 --> 01:34:20,560 YOU KNOW ANNA. 1959 01:34:20,560 --> 01:34:22,160 YOU CAN REACH OUT TO HER. 1960 01:34:22,160 --> 01:34:23,200 THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION, 1961 01:34:23,200 --> 01:34:23,400 LISA. 1962 01:34:23,400 --> 01:34:26,880 >> THANK YOU. 1963 01:34:26,880 --> 01:34:28,040 >> OKAY, I THINK WE'RE GOING TO 1964 01:34:28,040 --> 01:34:31,560 HAVE TO GO TO BREAK AT THIS 1965 01:34:31,560 --> 01:34:32,160 POINT. 1966 01:34:32,160 --> 01:34:36,200 WE'LL HAVE APPROXIMATELY 25 1967 01:34:36,200 --> 01:34:39,640 MINUTES FOR A BREAK. 1968 01:34:39,640 --> 01:34:42,240 PLEASE RETURN AT 1:00 P.M. OR 1969 01:34:42,240 --> 01:34:46,160 LITTLE BEFORE. 1970 01:34:46,160 --> 01:34:47,000 >> THANK YOU. 1971 01:34:47,000 --> 01:34:49,320 SEE YOU AT 1:00. 1972 01:34:49,320 --> 01:34:49,880 >> OKAY. 1973 01:34:49,880 --> 01:34:51,040 LET'S RECONVENE. 1974 01:34:51,040 --> 01:34:54,400 I'M INTRODUCE THE SPEAKERS THIS 1975 01:34:54,400 --> 01:34:54,680 AFTERNOON. 1976 01:34:54,680 --> 01:34:57,400 IT'S A PLEASURE AND PRIVILEGE TO 1977 01:34:57,400 --> 01:34:58,800 INTRODUCE MICHAEL CHANG THE 1978 01:34:58,800 --> 01:35:01,080 DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL EYE 1979 01:35:01,080 --> 01:35:01,760 INSTITUTE. 1980 01:35:01,760 --> 01:35:05,800 MIKE, I GATHER YOU STARTED LESS 1981 01:35:05,800 --> 01:35:07,600 THAN TWO YEARS AGO. 1982 01:35:07,600 --> 01:35:09,200 I REMEMBER MEETING YOU IN PERSON 1983 01:35:09,200 --> 01:35:24,880 BEFORE WE WENT TO FULL TELEWORK. 1984 01:35:24,880 --> 01:35:28,760 THIS PRACTICE WAS ON PRACTICAL 1985 01:35:28,760 --> 01:35:32,440 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND HIS RESEARCH 1986 01:35:32,440 --> 01:35:40,560 IS APPLIED MEDICAL METHODS IN 1987 01:35:40,560 --> 01:35:47,040 RETINOPATHY AND PHENOTYPE 1988 01:35:47,040 --> 01:35:47,360 CORRELATION. 1989 01:35:47,360 --> 01:35:50,800 HIS GROUP HAS PUBLISHED PAPERS 1990 01:35:50,800 --> 01:35:53,840 AND DEVELOPED ASSISTED 1991 01:35:53,840 --> 01:35:54,480 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM 1992 01:35:54,480 --> 01:35:56,560 AND RECEIVED BREAKTHROUGH STATUS 1993 01:35:56,560 --> 01:35:59,280 FROM THE U.S. FOOD AND DRUG 1994 01:35:59,280 --> 01:35:59,640 ADMINISTRATION. 1995 01:35:59,640 --> 01:36:03,560 MIKE HAS A BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN 1996 01:36:03,560 --> 01:36:05,960 ELECTRICAL ENGINEER AND BIOLOGY 1997 01:36:05,960 --> 01:36:10,480 FROM STANFORD IN 1991 AND HIS 1998 01:36:10,480 --> 01:36:14,840 M.D. IS FROM HARVARD MEDICAL 1999 01:36:14,840 --> 01:36:18,080 SCHOOL IN THE DIVISION OF HEALTH 2000 01:36:18,080 --> 01:36:18,800 SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY AND HAS 2001 01:36:18,800 --> 01:36:24,040 A MASTER'S FROM COLOMBIA 2002 01:36:24,040 --> 01:36:25,760 AND COMPLETED HIS FELLOW. 2003 01:36:25,760 --> 01:36:30,040 TRAINING AT JOHNS HOPKINS AND 2004 01:36:30,040 --> 01:36:33,200 WORKED AT COLOMBIA AS DIRECTOR 2005 01:36:33,200 --> 01:36:35,720 OF STUDENT EDUCATION AND 2006 01:36:35,720 --> 01:36:36,320 GRADUATE STUDENT COURSE IN 2007 01:36:36,320 --> 01:36:41,560 BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS. 2008 01:36:41,560 --> 01:36:45,960 MIKE IS ONE OF THE THANK YOU 2009 01:36:45,960 --> 01:36:52,360 DIRECTORS THAT CAME UNDER THE 2010 01:36:52,360 --> 01:36:55,320 COVID PANDEMIC AND FRANCIS 2011 01:36:55,320 --> 01:36:58,280 COLLINS APPOINTED ONE OF THE 22 2012 01:36:58,280 --> 01:36:59,320 INSTITUTE DIRECTORS WHICH IS 2013 01:36:59,320 --> 01:37:01,280 QUITE STRIKING. 2014 01:37:01,280 --> 01:37:02,880 ANOTHER IS A PRESIDENTIAL 2015 01:37:02,880 --> 01:37:07,800 APPOINTMENT THE NCI DIRECTOR. 2016 01:37:07,800 --> 01:37:10,080 IT'S GREAT TO HAVE HIM THERE AND 2017 01:37:10,080 --> 01:37:10,760 HIS CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE ALREADY 2018 01:37:10,760 --> 01:37:13,240 BEEN NOTED AND I LOOK FORWARD TO 2019 01:37:13,240 --> 01:37:13,840 MORE COLLABORATIONS WITH NEI. 2020 01:37:13,840 --> 01:37:19,200 MIKE. 2021 01:37:19,200 --> 01:37:23,960 >> THANK YOU FOR THE INVITATION 2022 01:37:23,960 --> 01:37:25,640 TO COME HERE AND SPEAK AND I 2023 01:37:25,640 --> 01:37:26,640 LOVE LISTENING TO THE EARLY PART 2024 01:37:26,640 --> 01:37:27,920 OF THE SESSION. 2025 01:37:27,920 --> 01:37:32,760 I LOVE THE FUN FACTS ABOUT 2026 01:37:32,760 --> 01:37:33,000 EVERYBODY. 2027 01:37:33,000 --> 01:37:35,400 LIKE ESTEBAN AND ELISEO, I WAS 2028 01:37:35,400 --> 01:37:36,600 IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2029 01:37:36,600 --> 01:37:43,000 FOR THE EARTHQUAKE IN 1989. 2030 01:37:43,000 --> 01:37:46,080 I WAS IN NEW YORK CITY SEPTEMBER 2031 01:37:46,080 --> 01:37:46,640 10th. 2032 01:37:46,640 --> 01:37:51,920 I JUST MOVED THERE TWO MONTHS 2033 01:37:51,920 --> 01:37:53,920 AGO AND A LOT OF THINGS WE COULD 2034 01:37:53,920 --> 01:37:55,600 TALK ABOUT IF WE WERE IN PERSON. 2035 01:37:55,600 --> 01:38:10,400 LET ME SHARE MY SCREEN HERE. 2036 01:38:10,400 --> 01:38:11,840 WHAT WE DO AT THE NATIONAL EYE 2037 01:38:11,840 --> 01:38:15,000 INSTITUTE AND WHAT I HOPE WE CAN 2038 01:38:15,000 --> 01:38:15,760 DO WITH NIMHD. 2039 01:38:15,760 --> 01:38:17,280 YOUR PORTFOLIO AND WHAT YOU DO 2040 01:38:17,280 --> 01:38:18,200 IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO ME. 2041 01:38:18,200 --> 01:38:22,120 I CONVEY SOME OF THAT AND I HOPE 2042 01:38:22,120 --> 01:38:26,600 AS I TALK YOU WILL BE THINKING 2043 01:38:26,600 --> 01:38:28,800 THROUGH PROJECTS WE MAY BE ABLE 2044 01:38:28,800 --> 01:38:30,200 TO DO IN COLLABORATION. 2045 01:38:30,200 --> 01:38:33,520 WHEN I STARTED WE CREATED A 2046 01:38:33,520 --> 01:38:35,360 SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNT IF YOU'RE 2047 01:38:35,360 --> 01:38:37,840 INTERESTED NEI DIRECTOR BUT LET 2048 01:38:37,840 --> 01:38:40,880 ME GET STARTED. 2049 01:38:40,880 --> 01:38:42,320 I THOUGHT THE FIRST THING I 2050 01:38:42,320 --> 01:38:45,440 WOULD DO IS WE'VE ALL GOT OUR 2051 01:38:45,440 --> 01:38:46,880 STORIES AND I THOUGHT I WOULD 2052 01:38:46,880 --> 01:38:49,200 TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT OF MY 2053 01:38:49,200 --> 01:38:50,600 BACKGROUND AND HIGHLIGHT SOME OF 2054 01:38:50,600 --> 01:38:57,920 THE PARTS THAT MAY BE OF REF -- 2055 01:38:57,920 --> 01:38:59,600 RELEVANCE TO DISCUSSION. 2056 01:38:59,600 --> 01:39:02,080 THE PARENTS MADE HERE FROM 2057 01:39:02,080 --> 01:39:04,200 TAIWAN IN THE LATE 1960s A FEW 2058 01:39:04,200 --> 01:39:06,480 YEARS BEFORE I WAS BORN AND THE 2059 01:39:06,480 --> 01:39:09,560 FIRST PLACE THEY LIVED WAS SOUTH 2060 01:39:09,560 --> 01:39:10,600 CAROLINA IN THE LATE 1960s AND 2061 01:39:10,600 --> 01:39:12,760 THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY WAS 2062 01:39:12,760 --> 01:39:14,200 SEGREGATED BACK THEN AS I KID I 2063 01:39:14,200 --> 01:39:16,600 HEARD STORIES HOW THEY CAME TO 2064 01:39:16,600 --> 01:39:21,800 WHAT WAS THE MOST ADVANCED 2065 01:39:21,800 --> 01:39:23,280 COUNTRY IN THE WORLD THAT IS 2066 01:39:23,280 --> 01:39:24,840 WHAT THEY SAW AND THEY WERE 2067 01:39:24,840 --> 01:39:26,000 MARRIED IN COLOMBIA, SOUTH 2068 01:39:26,000 --> 01:39:27,400 CAROLINA AND MOVED TO PITTSBURGH 2069 01:39:27,400 --> 01:39:28,520 A FEW YEARS LATER WHICH IS WHERE 2070 01:39:28,520 --> 01:39:29,560 I WAS BORN. 2071 01:39:29,560 --> 01:39:31,800 MY DAD WAS A GRAD STUDENT THERE 2072 01:39:31,800 --> 01:39:35,240 AND SO WHEN I WAS ABOUT 1 OR 2 2073 01:39:35,240 --> 01:39:39,640 WE MOVED TO DETROIT, MICHIGAN 2074 01:39:39,640 --> 01:39:41,440 WHAT I CONSIDER MY HOMETOWN. 2075 01:39:41,440 --> 01:39:44,200 THE REASON WE MOVED THERE IS MY 2076 01:39:44,200 --> 01:39:48,400 DAD WORKED FOR FORD MOTOR 2077 01:39:48,400 --> 01:39:49,160 COMPANY. 2078 01:39:49,160 --> 01:39:52,280 DETROIT IS ABOUT THE U.S. AUTO 2079 01:39:52,280 --> 01:39:53,600 INDUSTRY AND ALMOST EVERYONE IN 2080 01:39:53,600 --> 01:39:55,560 THE AREA WORKED FOR ONE OF THE 2081 01:39:55,560 --> 01:39:57,520 CAR COMPANIES IN THE EARLY 1970s 2082 01:39:57,520 --> 01:40:02,360 AND '80s THE IS U.S. AUTO 2083 01:40:02,360 --> 01:40:05,080 INDUSTRY WAS GETTING HIT HARD 2084 01:40:05,080 --> 01:40:07,760 AND THERE WAS A LOT OF ANIMOSITY 2085 01:40:07,760 --> 01:40:09,400 PROJECTED TO JAPANESE BECAUSE OF 2086 01:40:09,400 --> 01:40:10,640 THAT AND IN DETROIT THERE WAS A 2087 01:40:10,640 --> 01:40:14,200 LOT OF ANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENT 2088 01:40:14,200 --> 01:40:19,160 STEMMING FROM THE AUTO INDUSTRY 2089 01:40:19,160 --> 01:40:23,160 AND THERE WAS THE VINCENT CHEN 2090 01:40:23,160 --> 01:40:23,360 CASE. 2091 01:40:23,360 --> 01:40:24,720 I IMAGINE SOME ARE FAMILIAR BUT 2092 01:40:24,720 --> 01:40:26,560 I WANT TO MENTION IT BECAUSE 2093 01:40:26,560 --> 01:40:27,360 IT'S SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED 2094 01:40:27,360 --> 01:40:29,760 WHEN I WAS GROWING UP THERE THAT 2095 01:40:29,760 --> 01:40:35,360 MADE AN IMPRESSION ON ME. 2096 01:40:35,360 --> 01:40:37,160 THE SENTIMENT WAS THERE WAS A 2097 01:40:37,160 --> 01:40:42,880 LOT OF ANTI-ASIAN FEELING. 2098 01:40:42,880 --> 01:40:45,600 VINCENT CHEN IS SOMEONE WHO AT 2099 01:40:45,600 --> 01:40:47,920 HIS BACHELOR PARTY GOT IN A 2100 01:40:47,920 --> 01:40:52,840 FIGHT IN A BAR FROM WHO 2101 01:40:52,840 --> 01:40:54,000 UNEMPLOYED AUTO WORKERS WHO 2102 01:40:54,000 --> 01:40:55,440 BLAMED HIM FOR LOSING HIS JOBS 2103 01:40:55,440 --> 01:40:56,840 AND WAS BRUTALLY MURDERED THAT 2104 01:40:56,840 --> 01:40:58,400 NIGHT AND THE TWO PEOPLE WERE 2105 01:40:58,400 --> 01:40:59,520 ARRESTED THAT DID THAT AND THERE 2106 01:40:59,520 --> 01:41:04,200 WAS A TRIAL AND DURING THE TRIAL 2107 01:41:04,200 --> 01:41:05,240 THERE WAS NEVER ANY DOUBT THE 2108 01:41:05,240 --> 01:41:06,400 PEOPLE DID IT BUT THE COMMENT 2109 01:41:06,400 --> 01:41:09,400 WAS MADE BY THE JUDGE THAT THE 2110 01:41:09,400 --> 01:41:10,480 PUNISHMENT SHOULD FIT THE 2111 01:41:10,480 --> 01:41:12,320 CRIMINAL NOT THE CRIME AND THESE 2112 01:41:12,320 --> 01:41:14,800 WERE PEOPLE WHO HAD NEVER BEEN 2113 01:41:14,800 --> 01:41:16,560 IN JAIL AND THEY WERE SENTENCED 2114 01:41:16,560 --> 01:41:23,400 TO $3,000 EACH AND A PROBATION. 2115 01:41:23,400 --> 01:41:24,440 THAT CAUSED A LOT OF ANGER 2116 01:41:24,440 --> 01:41:29,760 WITHIN THE ASIAN COMMUNITY. 2117 01:41:29,760 --> 01:41:31,400 THIS WAS A COMMUNITY THAT HADN'T 2118 01:41:31,400 --> 01:41:32,560 HAD A HISTORY OF RESPONDING TO 2119 01:41:32,560 --> 01:41:36,520 THIS SORT OF THING. 2120 01:41:36,520 --> 01:41:40,800 THE ASIAN COMMUNITY LEARNED FROM 2121 01:41:40,800 --> 01:41:42,360 THE BLACK COMMUNITY AND THERE 2122 01:41:42,360 --> 01:41:43,240 WERE A LOT OF THINGS THAT CAME 2123 01:41:43,240 --> 01:41:44,800 UP OUT OF THIS AND ONE OF THE 2124 01:41:44,800 --> 01:41:46,640 THINGS I LEARNED FROM THAT AND 2125 01:41:46,640 --> 01:41:48,520 THAT I APPRECIATED CAME UP 2126 01:41:48,520 --> 01:41:49,480 DURING THE DISCUSSION THIS 2127 01:41:49,480 --> 01:41:52,520 MORNING I LISTENED IN ON IS I 2128 01:41:52,520 --> 01:41:54,200 THINK THERE'S SO MANY COMMON 2129 01:41:54,200 --> 01:41:56,000 ISSUES WHEN IT COMES TO MINORITY 2130 01:41:56,000 --> 01:41:57,360 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES 2131 01:41:57,360 --> 01:41:59,640 THAT CROSS DIFFERENT 2132 01:41:59,640 --> 01:42:00,960 COMMUNITIES. 2133 01:42:00,960 --> 01:42:02,280 SO I WANTED TO SHARE THOSE 2134 01:42:02,280 --> 01:42:03,800 THINGS BECAUSE THEY GIVE A SENSE 2135 01:42:03,800 --> 01:42:09,680 OF WHAT MY WORLD VIEW IS. 2136 01:42:09,680 --> 01:42:11,800 IS THE OTHER PART OF THIS IS 2137 01:42:11,800 --> 01:42:13,520 THAT ALMOST EVERYBODY IN MY 2138 01:42:13,520 --> 01:42:15,680 FAMILY WAS AN ENGINEER AND WHEN 2139 01:42:15,680 --> 01:42:21,920 I GREW UP I'D NEVER CONSIDERED 2140 01:42:21,920 --> 01:42:24,040 STUDYING ANYTHING OTHER THAN 2141 01:42:24,040 --> 01:42:25,200 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND I 2142 01:42:25,200 --> 01:42:27,360 WENT OFF TO STUDY AND STUDY 2143 01:42:27,360 --> 01:42:28,600 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 2144 01:42:28,600 --> 01:42:31,400 IT HAPPENED I SPENT ONE SUMMER 2145 01:42:31,400 --> 01:42:34,600 WORK IN A START-UP COMPANY IN 2146 01:42:34,600 --> 01:42:39,400 MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA THAT 2147 01:42:39,400 --> 01:42:44,200 BUILT CARDIAC ULTRASOUND 2148 01:42:44,200 --> 01:42:47,080 MACHINES AND WE WROTE TERMS TO 2149 01:42:47,080 --> 01:42:49,400 ANALYZE IMAGES THEY HAPPEN TO 2150 01:42:49,400 --> 01:42:51,920 COME FROM CARDIAC MEASURES AND 2151 01:42:51,920 --> 01:42:53,480 THOSE THINGS MADE THE FEEL LIKE 2152 01:42:53,480 --> 01:42:54,920 I WANTED TO BECOME A PHYSICIAN 2153 01:42:54,920 --> 01:42:57,200 AND WENT TO MEDICAL SCHOOL AND 2154 01:42:57,200 --> 01:42:58,600 THOUGHT I'D APPLY TECHNOLOGY AND 2155 01:42:58,600 --> 01:42:59,320 DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES AND USE 2156 01:42:59,320 --> 01:43:04,120 THEM FOR PATIENT CARE. 2157 01:43:04,120 --> 01:43:07,680 IT TURNS OUT IN THE 1990s AS A 2158 01:43:07,680 --> 01:43:09,520 MEDICAL STUDENT COMPUTATIONAL 2159 01:43:09,520 --> 01:43:11,960 NEUROSCIENCE WAS A HOT TOPIC AND 2160 01:43:11,960 --> 01:43:14,720 THOUGHT I COULD BECOME A 2161 01:43:14,720 --> 01:43:17,240 NEUROSURGEON AND BUILD COMPUTER 2162 01:43:17,240 --> 01:43:18,680 DEVICES TO SIMULATE THE BRAIN 2163 01:43:18,680 --> 01:43:22,800 AND ENDED WORKING IN A LAB IN 2164 01:43:22,800 --> 01:43:24,640 MEDICAL SCHOOL THAT STUDIED IT 2165 01:43:24,640 --> 01:43:26,640 WAS ANYONE IN THE DIVISION OF 2166 01:43:26,640 --> 01:43:31,400 NEUROSURGERY RESEARCH AND THE 2167 01:43:31,400 --> 01:43:35,400 LAB STUDIED NEUROSCIENCE AND 2168 01:43:35,400 --> 01:43:37,400 INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NEURONS 2169 01:43:37,400 --> 01:43:39,480 BUT HAPPEN TO BE IN THE RAPID 2170 01:43:39,480 --> 01:43:43,400 RETINA AND THAT'S HOW I LEARNED 2171 01:43:43,400 --> 01:43:45,000 ABOUT OPHTHALMOLOGY AND HOW I 2172 01:43:45,000 --> 01:43:46,960 BECAME AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST. 2173 01:43:46,960 --> 01:43:50,040 THIS IS NOW THE LATE 1990s, 2174 01:43:50,040 --> 01:43:54,600 EARLY 2000s, ALMOST ALL MEDICAL 2175 01:43:54,600 --> 01:43:56,880 RECORDS WERE PAPER BASED AND 2176 01:43:56,880 --> 01:43:57,720 RADIOLOGICAL STUDIES WERE ALL 2177 01:43:57,720 --> 01:43:58,200 FILM BASED. 2178 01:43:58,200 --> 01:44:00,040 I GOT TO THINKING MAYBE WHAT WE 2179 01:44:00,040 --> 01:44:02,600 DON'T NEED IS PEOPLE WHO BUILD 2180 01:44:02,600 --> 01:44:03,120 MORE DEVICES. 2181 01:44:03,120 --> 01:44:05,440 MAYBE WE NEED PEOPLE WHO MANAGE 2182 01:44:05,440 --> 01:44:07,280 DATA SO I BECAME INTERESTED IN 2183 01:44:07,280 --> 01:44:10,960 BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS. 2184 01:44:10,960 --> 01:44:13,920 AT THE TIME THERE WAS NO CLEAR 2185 01:44:13,920 --> 01:44:14,200 PATHWAY. 2186 01:44:14,200 --> 01:44:15,640 IT WASN'T A NATURAL THING PEOPLE 2187 01:44:15,640 --> 01:44:16,920 DID BACK THEN. 2188 01:44:16,920 --> 01:44:18,200 I WAS AT JOHNS HOPKINS AND THERE 2189 01:44:18,200 --> 01:44:22,320 WAS A GUY, KEVIN JOHNSON HERE, A 2190 01:44:22,320 --> 01:44:25,280 PEDIATRIC, WHO WAS A JUNIOR MID 2191 01:44:25,280 --> 01:44:28,320 CAREER FACULTY MEMBER AND TURNS 2192 01:44:28,320 --> 01:44:31,200 OUT MY WIFE WAS A PEDIATRIC 2193 01:44:31,200 --> 01:44:33,000 RESIDENT AND ALSO NEW KEVIN SO I 2194 01:44:33,000 --> 01:44:36,400 ASKED KEVIN AND WE SAT DOWN FOR 2195 01:44:36,400 --> 01:44:37,480 AN HOUR AND A SAID YOU HAVE TO 2196 01:44:37,480 --> 01:44:39,560 HELP ME I WANT TO DO INFORMATICS 2197 01:44:39,560 --> 01:44:41,520 BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO AND 2198 01:44:41,520 --> 01:44:43,400 THAT'S WHAT HE WAS AN EXPERT AT 2199 01:44:43,400 --> 01:44:44,480 HOPKINS AT AND HE SAID NUMBER 2200 01:44:44,480 --> 01:44:47,200 ONE, YOU HAVE TO DO A FELLOWSHIP 2201 01:44:47,200 --> 01:44:48,280 IN INFORMATICS. 2202 01:44:48,280 --> 01:44:49,840 IT'S NOT ENOUGH TO HAVE AN 2203 01:44:49,840 --> 01:44:50,720 ENGINEERING DEGREE. 2204 01:44:50,720 --> 01:44:54,280 YOU NEED FORMAL TRAINING AND 2205 01:44:54,280 --> 01:44:55,040 ENCOURAGED ME TO WORK WITH 2206 01:44:55,040 --> 01:44:58,240 SOMEBODY WHO HAD STARTED A 2207 01:44:58,240 --> 01:45:03,320 PROGRAM AT STANFORD AND THEN 2208 01:45:03,320 --> 01:45:05,960 MOVED TO COLOMBIA UNIVERSITY. 2209 01:45:05,960 --> 01:45:07,200 THAT CONVERSATION CHANGE THE 2210 01:45:07,200 --> 01:45:39,320 COURSE OF MY LIFE. 2211 01:45:39,320 --> 01:45:45,400 AND WE DESIGNED STUDIES THAT 2212 01:45:45,400 --> 01:45:47,640 EVENTUALLY THAT LED KNOW WORK AT 2213 01:45:47,640 --> 01:45:52,480 COLOMBIA APPLYING TELEHEALTH TO 2214 01:45:52,480 --> 01:45:56,840 RETINOPATHY DIAGNOSIS AND THERE 2215 01:45:56,840 --> 01:45:57,880 WERE CHALLENGES INVOLVING 2216 01:45:57,880 --> 01:46:01,720 DELIVERY AND ACCESSORY OF EYE 2217 01:46:01,720 --> 01:46:07,240 CARE FOR BABIES AND THIS IS A 2218 01:46:07,240 --> 01:46:15,600 DISEASE, R.O.P. THAT AFFECTS 2219 01:46:15,600 --> 01:46:16,440 DISPROPORTIONATE COMMUNITIES 2220 01:46:16,440 --> 01:46:19,120 BECAUSE THEY DON'T GET GOOD CARE 2221 01:46:19,120 --> 01:46:20,800 AND WE DESIGNED SYSTEMS AND THEY 2222 01:46:20,800 --> 01:46:22,280 MADE THEIR WAY INTO THE STANDARD 2223 01:46:22,280 --> 01:46:25,600 OF CARE OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS 2224 01:46:25,600 --> 01:46:27,080 BUT I SPENT NINE YEARS AT 2225 01:46:27,080 --> 01:46:33,320 COLOMBIA AND THEN MOVED TO 2226 01:46:33,320 --> 01:46:37,440 PORTLAND, OREGON AND WE STARTED 2227 01:46:37,440 --> 01:46:40,120 TO BUILD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2228 01:46:40,120 --> 01:46:43,920 SYSTEMS AND GOT FDA BREAK 2229 01:46:43,920 --> 01:46:48,520 THROUGH STATUS AND I LEARNED A 2230 01:46:48,520 --> 01:46:50,240 LOT FROM THAT ABOUT HOW TO NOT 2231 01:46:50,240 --> 01:46:52,480 ONLY DO WORK BUT TRANSLATE IT 2232 01:46:52,480 --> 01:46:54,080 INTO REAL-WORLD CARE AND HOW 2233 01:46:54,080 --> 01:46:59,000 LARD THAT IS SOMETIMES. 2234 01:46:59,000 --> 01:47:01,600 THE OTHER THING I WANTED TO 2235 01:47:01,600 --> 01:47:04,280 POINT OUT IS THAT IN TERMS OF 2236 01:47:04,280 --> 01:47:07,000 DEMOGRAPHICS AND THINGS LIKE 2237 01:47:07,000 --> 01:47:09,680 PREMATURITY, THE PLACES THAT 2238 01:47:09,680 --> 01:47:12,400 I'VE WORKED -- I'VE TRAINED IN 2239 01:47:12,400 --> 01:47:13,880 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND AT HOPKINS 2240 01:47:13,880 --> 01:47:17,000 AND THERE'S A VERY LARGE BLACK 2241 01:47:17,000 --> 01:47:18,880 POPULATION IN THE AREA AROUND 2242 01:47:18,880 --> 01:47:20,560 JOHNS HOPKINS. 2243 01:47:20,560 --> 01:47:23,360 STARTED MY CAREER AT COLOMBIA 2244 01:47:23,360 --> 01:47:25,560 UNIVERSITY LOCATED IN WASHINGTON 2245 01:47:25,560 --> 01:47:27,640 HEIGHTS WHICH HAS A 2246 01:47:27,640 --> 01:47:28,720 PREDOMINANTLY HIGH DOMINICAN 2247 01:47:28,720 --> 01:47:30,200 POPULATION AND WORKED FOR THE 2248 01:47:30,200 --> 01:47:31,880 LAST 10 YEARS IN OREGON WHERE 2249 01:47:31,880 --> 01:47:36,360 THERE WERE A LOT OF ISSUES 2250 01:47:36,360 --> 01:47:37,840 DELIVERING CARE TO RURAL OREGON 2251 01:47:37,840 --> 01:47:39,320 AND IT'S BEEN INTERESTING TO SEE 2252 01:47:39,320 --> 01:47:40,840 WHAT THE CHALLENGES ARE 2253 01:47:40,840 --> 01:47:43,120 THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. 2254 01:47:43,120 --> 01:47:45,400 ANYWAY, DURING THE PAST SEVEN OR 2255 01:47:45,400 --> 01:47:48,520 EIGHT YEARS SPENT MORE TIME 2256 01:47:48,520 --> 01:47:50,400 WORKING IN DATA SCIENCE AND BIG 2257 01:47:50,400 --> 01:47:51,320 DATA AND BUILD A RESEARCH 2258 01:47:51,320 --> 01:47:53,800 PROGRAM THAT STARTED TO INVOLVE 2259 01:47:53,800 --> 01:47:55,080 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD 2260 01:47:55,080 --> 01:47:56,360 IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN AND 2261 01:47:56,360 --> 01:47:59,360 WORKED A LOT WITH THE AMERICAN 2262 01:47:59,360 --> 01:48:02,600 ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY IN 2263 01:48:02,600 --> 01:48:05,040 BUILDING A NATIONAL REGISTRY OF 2264 01:48:05,040 --> 01:48:07,320 EYE EXAMINES WHICH TURNS OUT TO 2265 01:48:07,320 --> 01:48:09,000 BE NOW ONE OF THE LARGEST 2266 01:48:09,000 --> 01:48:11,320 COLLECTIONS OF SPECIALTY DATA 2267 01:48:11,320 --> 01:48:14,360 ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD 400 2268 01:48:14,360 --> 01:48:16,160 MILLION PLUS EYE EXAMS. 2269 01:48:16,160 --> 01:48:18,720 IT'S BEEN ABOUT A YEAR SINCE 2270 01:48:18,720 --> 01:48:21,240 I'VE BEEN IN THIS JOB AND I 2271 01:48:21,240 --> 01:48:24,520 FIRST MET ELISEO, MARCH 10, 2020 2272 01:48:24,520 --> 01:48:27,680 THE DAY OF MY IN-PERSON 2273 01:48:27,680 --> 01:48:31,800 INTERVIEW AND DAY OR TWO BEFORE 2274 01:48:31,800 --> 01:48:37,760 THE COUNTRY SHUT DOWN DUE TO THE 2275 01:48:37,760 --> 01:48:38,000 PANDEMIC. 2276 01:48:38,000 --> 01:48:39,200 LET ME TALK ABOUT WHAT WE DO AT 2277 01:48:39,200 --> 01:48:40,720 THE EYE INSTITUTE. 2278 01:48:40,720 --> 01:48:43,160 I WANT TO START WITH WHY DOES 2279 01:48:43,160 --> 01:48:44,040 VISION MATTER? 2280 01:48:44,040 --> 01:48:45,840 I THINK ONE OF THE REASONS IS 2281 01:48:45,840 --> 01:48:48,680 THAT THERE'S ENORMOUS IMPACT OF 2282 01:48:48,680 --> 01:48:50,120 VISION ON QUALITY OF LIFE. 2283 01:48:50,120 --> 01:48:54,040 MULTIPLE SURVEYS HAVE SHOWN THAT 2284 01:48:54,040 --> 01:48:56,560 IF YOU ASK PEOPLE THEY 2285 01:48:56,560 --> 01:48:57,640 CONSISTENTLY RESPOND BLINDNESS 2286 01:48:57,640 --> 01:48:59,400 IS ONE OF THE THINGS AMERICANS 2287 01:48:59,400 --> 01:49:24,000 FEAR MOST. 2288 01:49:24,000 --> 01:49:26,720 IF YOU CAN'T SEE IT IMPACTS 2289 01:49:26,720 --> 01:49:28,960 DAILY LIVING AND I REMEMBER MY 2290 01:49:28,960 --> 01:49:30,560 DAUGHTER'S FIRST STEPS AND I 2291 01:49:30,560 --> 01:49:32,800 REMEMBER THE VISUAL IMAGERY AND 2292 01:49:32,800 --> 01:49:35,360 WON'T FORGET THAT BECAUSE VISION 2293 01:49:35,360 --> 01:49:39,920 LINK TO HUMAN EMOTION. 2294 01:49:39,920 --> 01:49:41,440 WHEN PEOPLE LOSE VISION THERE'S 2295 01:49:41,440 --> 01:49:43,360 THE RISK OF ISOLATION AND 2296 01:49:43,360 --> 01:49:45,600 DEPRESSION AND ACCELERATED 2297 01:49:45,600 --> 01:49:45,880 DEMENTIA. 2298 01:49:45,880 --> 01:49:49,400 THERE WAS A STORY ABOUT THIS IN 2299 01:49:49,400 --> 01:49:50,560 THE NEW YORK TIMES A COUPLE 2300 01:49:50,560 --> 01:49:50,840 WEEKS AGO. 2301 01:49:50,840 --> 01:49:53,880 BEYOND THAT THERE'S THE IMPACT 2302 01:49:53,880 --> 01:49:55,680 OF VISION RESEARCH ON SCIENCE 2303 01:49:55,680 --> 01:49:56,240 OVERALL. 2304 01:49:56,240 --> 01:49:57,520 ONE THING WE'RE PROUD OF IS THAT 2305 01:49:57,520 --> 01:50:00,520 WE FUNDED AT THE NEI THE WORK OF 2306 01:50:00,520 --> 01:50:03,080 EIGHT NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS. 2307 01:50:03,080 --> 01:50:05,880 THE POINT I WANT TO MAKE FROM 2308 01:50:05,880 --> 01:50:07,320 THAT IS THERE'S A LOT OF 2309 01:50:07,320 --> 01:50:08,680 SEMINOLE INNOVATIONS THAT HAVE 2310 01:50:08,680 --> 01:50:11,320 OCCURRED FIRST IN THE EYE OR 2311 01:50:11,320 --> 01:50:13,960 VISUAL SYSTEM BECAUSE IT'S AN 2312 01:50:13,960 --> 01:50:15,520 ACCESSIBLE SETTING FOR DOING 2313 01:50:15,520 --> 01:50:16,800 RESEARCH THAT GETS GENERALIZED 2314 01:50:16,800 --> 01:50:17,600 TO OTHER AREAS. 2315 01:50:17,600 --> 01:50:18,600 I'LL SHOW A FEW EXAMPLES ABOUT 2316 01:50:18,600 --> 01:50:26,160 THAT LATER ON. 2317 01:50:26,160 --> 01:50:27,200 EVERY ORGANIZATION HAS THEIR 2318 01:50:27,200 --> 01:50:28,680 MISSION STATEMENTS. 2319 01:50:28,680 --> 01:50:31,360 WHEN I STARTED WE TOOK A LOOK AT 2320 01:50:31,360 --> 01:50:37,960 THAT BECAUSE IT AREN'T BEEN 2321 01:50:37,960 --> 01:50:41,200 REVISED AND WE WORKED WITH 2322 01:50:41,200 --> 01:50:44,800 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STAKE 2323 01:50:44,800 --> 01:50:48,440 HOLDERS AND OUR MISSION IS TO 2324 01:50:48,440 --> 01:50:51,360 ELIMINATION VISION LOSS AND 2325 01:50:51,360 --> 01:50:54,720 IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH 2326 01:50:54,720 --> 01:50:56,720 RESEARCH AND PROVIDE RESEARCH IN 2327 01:50:56,720 --> 01:50:57,400 FOUR AREAS. 2328 01:50:57,400 --> 01:50:59,920 NUMBER 1 IS WE DRIVE INNOVATIVE 2329 01:50:59,920 --> 01:51:01,800 RESEARCH AND 2, WE FOSTER 2330 01:51:01,800 --> 01:51:05,200 COLLABORATION, 3, WE WANT TO 2331 01:51:05,200 --> 01:51:07,080 RECRUIT INSPIRE AND TRAIN A 2332 01:51:07,080 --> 01:51:09,760 TALENT AND DIVERSE GENERATION TO 2333 01:51:09,760 --> 01:51:12,560 STRENGTHEN THE WORKFORCE AND 4, 2334 01:51:12,560 --> 01:51:13,600 EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT BASICALLY 2335 01:51:13,600 --> 01:51:18,480 BLAH -- WHAT WE DO AND WHY IT'S 2336 01:51:18,480 --> 01:51:19,040 IMPORTANT. 2337 01:51:19,040 --> 01:51:21,200 I'M HOPING TO MAKE SURE WE'RE A 2338 01:51:21,200 --> 01:51:23,400 MISSION-DRIVEN ORGANIZATION AND 2339 01:51:23,400 --> 01:51:24,800 I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THAT 2340 01:51:24,800 --> 01:51:25,800 DIVERSITY AND TRAINING ARE 2341 01:51:25,800 --> 01:51:27,440 SOMETHING THAT I VIEW AS 2342 01:51:27,440 --> 01:51:31,400 CRITICAL TO OUR MISSION AT THE 2343 01:51:31,400 --> 01:51:35,400 EYE INSTITUTE. 2344 01:51:35,400 --> 01:51:39,560 LET ME SPEND A FEW MINUTES 2345 01:51:39,560 --> 01:51:41,120 TALKING ABOUT EYE DISEASE IN 2346 01:51:41,120 --> 01:51:42,080 DISPARITY POPULATIONS. 2347 01:51:42,080 --> 01:51:44,480 ONE POINT TO MAKE FROM THIS IS 2348 01:51:44,480 --> 01:51:45,200 THERE ARE HUGE CHALLENGE WE HAVE 2349 01:51:45,200 --> 01:51:47,200 IN THIS COUNTRY IN TERMS OF 2350 01:51:47,200 --> 01:51:50,600 ACCESSIBILITY TO EYE CARE. 2351 01:51:50,600 --> 01:51:53,600 JUST TO STATE THE OBVIOUS AND 2352 01:51:53,600 --> 01:51:55,360 THE PANDEMIC EXPOSED A LOT OF 2353 01:51:55,360 --> 01:51:56,400 HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES WE HAVE 2354 01:51:56,400 --> 01:51:59,680 AND SOME OF WHAT I'LL BE TALKING 2355 01:51:59,680 --> 01:52:02,720 ABOUT THIS WAS ALL UNDERLYING 2356 01:52:02,720 --> 01:52:04,680 ISSUES BEFORE COVID AND LIKE 2357 01:52:04,680 --> 01:52:11,320 EVERYTHING ELSE IT'S GOTTEN 2358 01:52:11,320 --> 01:52:16,960 WORSE. 2359 01:52:16,960 --> 01:52:19,400 ONE IS GLAUCOMA. 2360 01:52:19,400 --> 01:52:20,680 PEOPLE THINK IT'S RELATED TO 2361 01:52:20,680 --> 01:52:22,080 HIGH EYE PRESSURE. 2362 01:52:22,080 --> 01:52:27,040 IF YOU LOOK AT THE EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2363 01:52:27,040 --> 01:52:28,200 GLAUCOMA AFFECTS AFRICAN 2364 01:52:28,200 --> 01:52:30,720 AMERICANS AT A RATE FOUR TO FIVE 2365 01:52:30,720 --> 01:52:35,120 TIMES THAT OF WHITE AMERICANS. 2366 01:52:35,120 --> 01:52:37,800 IN GENERAL DISPROPORTIONATELY 2367 01:52:37,800 --> 01:52:39,000 AFFECTS MINORITY POPULATIONS AND 2368 01:52:39,000 --> 01:52:41,200 NOT COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING WHY 2369 01:52:41,200 --> 01:52:45,800 THAT IS. 2370 01:52:45,800 --> 01:52:47,440 IT'S FELT THERE'S CLEARLY 2371 01:52:47,440 --> 01:52:49,360 ACCESSIBILITY TO CARE ASPECT AND 2372 01:52:49,360 --> 01:52:51,960 STUDIES SHOW THERE'S PROBABLY A 2373 01:52:51,960 --> 01:52:54,600 GENETIC ASPECT AS WELL. 2374 01:52:54,600 --> 01:53:03,880 WE FUNDED A LOT OF GLAUCOMA 2375 01:53:03,880 --> 01:53:15,720 CONSORTIA WORK. 2376 01:53:15,720 --> 01:53:21,240 THERE'S AN EYE DROPS AND LACE 2377 01:53:21,240 --> 01:53:24,800 -- LASERS AND WE HAVE TO GET 2378 01:53:24,800 --> 01:53:29,040 PEOPLE TO CARE. 2379 01:53:29,040 --> 01:53:33,760 FOR DIABETICS IF THE SYSTEMIC 2380 01:53:33,760 --> 01:53:35,200 DISEASE ISN'T TREATED PEOPLE 2381 01:53:35,200 --> 01:53:39,440 LOSE VISION AND GO BLIND WITHIN 2382 01:53:39,440 --> 01:53:41,840 THE EYE OR FROM RETINAL 2383 01:53:41,840 --> 01:53:43,240 DETACHMENT AND THE GOOD NEWS IS 2384 01:53:43,240 --> 01:53:44,600 THERE'S WAYS TO CONTROL AND 2385 01:53:44,600 --> 01:53:45,640 TREAT IT. 2386 01:53:45,640 --> 01:53:48,560 LASER THERAPY, INJECTIONS INTO 2387 01:53:48,560 --> 01:53:50,400 THE EYE EFFECTIVE AT PREVENTING 2388 01:53:50,400 --> 01:53:51,360 VISION LOSS AND THE PROBLEM IS 2389 01:53:51,360 --> 01:53:52,800 THAT WE DON'T ALWAYS DO A GOOD 2390 01:53:52,800 --> 01:53:55,920 JOB OF IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING 2391 01:53:55,920 --> 01:53:58,040 THESE PATIENTS AND MINORITIES 2392 01:53:58,040 --> 01:54:00,600 ARE PARTICULARLY AT RISK FOR 2393 01:54:00,600 --> 01:54:01,920 THIS. 2394 01:54:01,920 --> 01:54:05,760 THIS HAPPENS TO BE A STUDY THAT 2395 01:54:05,760 --> 01:54:07,680 MINORITY YOUTH INCLUDING BLACK, 2396 01:54:07,680 --> 01:54:10,720 HISPANIC, ASIAN ARE 40% LESS 2397 01:54:10,720 --> 01:54:12,840 LIKELY TO HAVE A DIABETIC EYE 2398 01:54:12,840 --> 01:54:15,840 EXAM AND FIVE TIMES MORE LIKELY 2399 01:54:15,840 --> 01:54:21,480 TO HAVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. 2400 01:54:21,480 --> 01:54:22,200 MYOPIA. 2401 01:54:22,200 --> 01:54:22,600 EYE GLASSES. 2402 01:54:22,600 --> 01:54:27,200 IT'S NOT A PARTICULARLY SEXY 2403 01:54:27,200 --> 01:54:35,320 PROBLEM BUT WHEN UNDETECTED THE 2404 01:54:35,320 --> 01:54:38,400 ISSUE THERE COULD BE ENORMOUS 2405 01:54:38,400 --> 01:54:40,800 IMPACT ON NOT GETTING GLASSES 2406 01:54:40,800 --> 01:54:42,800 AND DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL 2407 01:54:42,800 --> 01:54:43,200 SYSTEM. 2408 01:54:43,200 --> 01:54:45,920 LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT FROM 2409 01:54:45,920 --> 01:54:47,320 UNDETECTED EYE GLASSES. 2410 01:54:47,320 --> 01:54:54,520 THE ISSUES HERE ARE THAT THERE'S 2411 01:54:54,520 --> 01:54:56,880 SIX TIMES HIGHER RISK OF MYOPIA 2412 01:54:56,880 --> 01:54:58,400 IN AFRICAN AMERICAN KIDS AND 2413 01:54:58,400 --> 01:55:00,560 THREE TIMES MORE IN HISPANIC 2414 01:55:00,560 --> 01:55:00,800 CHILDREN. 2415 01:55:00,800 --> 01:55:08,400 INTERNAL OF ASTIGMATISM IT'S 2416 01:55:08,400 --> 01:55:11,360 1.5-1 RATIO IN TERMS OF DELIVERY 2417 01:55:11,360 --> 01:55:14,800 AND ACCESSIBILITY OF EYE CARE 2418 01:55:14,800 --> 01:55:19,360 FOR KIDS AND CATARACT IS THE 2419 01:55:19,360 --> 01:55:23,040 NUMBER ONE MOST COMMON PROCEDURE 2420 01:55:23,040 --> 01:55:25,680 DONE IN AMBULATORY CENTERS IN 2421 01:55:25,680 --> 01:55:27,320 THE U.S. AND THERE'S AN 2422 01:55:27,320 --> 01:55:28,640 EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR CATARACT 2423 01:55:28,640 --> 01:55:29,760 BUT AGAIN MINORITY POPULATIONS 2424 01:55:29,760 --> 01:55:32,320 IN THIS COUNTRY LIKELY TO HAVE 2425 01:55:32,320 --> 01:55:40,960 VISUAL LOSS FROM UNOPERATED CAT 2426 01:55:40,960 --> 01:55:41,400 RABB 2427 01:55:41,400 --> 01:55:44,840 -- CATARACT AND A BALTIMORE 2428 01:55:44,840 --> 01:55:46,280 SURVEY SHOWED AFRICAN AMERICANS 2429 01:55:46,280 --> 01:55:49,800 ARE FIVE TIMES MORE LIKELY TO 2430 01:55:49,800 --> 01:55:51,520 NOT HAVE THE SURGERY AND 2431 01:55:51,520 --> 01:55:55,000 HISPANICS HAVE HIGHER RATES OF 2432 01:55:55,000 --> 01:55:57,000 VISUAL IMPAIRMENT FROM UNTREATED 2433 01:55:57,000 --> 01:55:57,280 CATARACT. 2434 01:55:57,280 --> 01:55:59,480 AT THE END OF THE DAY IN TERMS 2435 01:55:59,480 --> 01:56:02,120 OF VISUAL LOSS AND BLINDNESS, 2436 01:56:02,120 --> 01:56:03,120 THIS IS ONE OF THE LEADING 2437 01:56:03,120 --> 01:56:03,880 CAUSES OF DISABILITY IN THE 2438 01:56:03,880 --> 01:56:08,400 U.S. AND WE KNOW THERE'S 2439 01:56:08,400 --> 01:56:11,400 ENORMOUS PUBLIC HEALTH AND 2440 01:56:11,400 --> 01:56:12,880 ECONOMIC IMPACT AND 2441 01:56:12,880 --> 01:56:13,560 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED HIGH 2442 01:56:13,560 --> 01:56:14,400 RISK GROUPS. 2443 01:56:14,400 --> 01:56:15,560 ONE THING WE TRIED TO MESSAGE TO 2444 01:56:15,560 --> 01:56:19,080 OUR COMMUNITY IS THE BOTTOM IN 2445 01:56:19,080 --> 01:56:21,120 BOLD HERE THAT EVEN THE BEST 2446 01:56:21,120 --> 01:56:24,200 SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES WE FUND, THE 2447 01:56:24,200 --> 01:56:26,200 REMARKABLE BREAKS THROUGH IN 2448 01:56:26,200 --> 01:56:28,480 SCIENCE, THEY'RE REALLY NOT THAT 2449 01:56:28,480 --> 01:56:29,600 REMARKABLE IF WE CAN'T MAKE THEM 2450 01:56:29,600 --> 01:56:31,480 ACCESSIBLE TO THE ENTIRE 2451 01:56:31,480 --> 01:56:32,200 POPULATION. 2452 01:56:32,200 --> 01:56:35,520 WE'RE TRYING HARD WITH THIS 2453 01:56:35,520 --> 01:56:37,840 MESSAGE. 2454 01:56:37,840 --> 01:56:40,760 I ALLUDED TO THE CONCEPT OF 2455 01:56:40,760 --> 01:56:41,720 INNOVATION IN RESEARCH AND I 2456 01:56:41,720 --> 01:56:45,120 WANT TO SHOW EXAMPLES OF THAT 2457 01:56:45,120 --> 01:56:46,800 FROM A PURE METHODOLOGICAL 2458 01:56:46,800 --> 01:56:49,920 PERSPECTIVE AND ONE IS IMAGING. 2459 01:56:49,920 --> 01:56:59,320 FOR DECADES NOW THERE HAVE BEEN 2460 01:56:59,320 --> 01:57:01,280 RETINAL IMAGING AND IN THE PAST 2461 01:57:01,280 --> 01:57:03,600 20, 25 YEARS THERE'S BEEN A 2462 01:57:03,600 --> 01:57:11,280 REVOLUTION IN OCT, OPTIMAL 2463 01:57:11,280 --> 01:57:13,600 COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND THIS IS 2464 01:57:13,600 --> 01:57:15,320 THE OPTIC NERVE AND WHAT GETS 2465 01:57:15,320 --> 01:57:19,160 AFFECTED IN GLAUCOMA, FOR 2466 01:57:19,160 --> 01:57:24,120 EXAMPLE, AND THIS IS OCT. 2467 01:57:24,120 --> 01:57:26,000 AND THESE ARE DIFFERENT AS YOU 2468 01:57:26,000 --> 01:57:27,120 MOVE ALONG YOU'LL SEE THIS IN 2469 01:57:27,120 --> 01:57:27,640 CROSS SECTION. 2470 01:57:27,640 --> 01:57:29,400 THE ISSUE IS THAT ALL THESE 2471 01:57:29,400 --> 01:57:31,880 LAYERS OF THE RETINA AND ALL THE 2472 01:57:31,880 --> 01:57:34,320 FINDINGS CAN BE SEGMENTED 2473 01:57:34,320 --> 01:57:37,720 AUTOMATICALLY AND QUANTIFIED. 2474 01:57:37,720 --> 01:57:39,760 WITH RESOLUTION THAT'S BASICALLY 2475 01:57:39,760 --> 01:57:40,880 CAPILLARY RESOLUTION AND 2476 01:57:40,880 --> 01:57:42,720 APPROACHES THAT OF HISTOLOGY. 2477 01:57:42,720 --> 01:57:46,840 WHAT THAT HAS DONE IS OPENED UP 2478 01:57:46,840 --> 01:57:47,720 ENORMOUS RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES 2479 01:57:47,720 --> 01:57:49,800 IN DATA SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL 2480 01:57:49,800 --> 01:57:51,200 INTELLIGENCE, BECAUSE WE CAN 2481 01:57:51,200 --> 01:57:55,880 QUANTIFY ALL THESE THINGS. 2482 01:57:55,880 --> 01:57:57,600 I'LL TALK ABOUT THAT IN THE NEXT 2483 01:57:57,600 --> 01:58:00,480 SLIDE AND THAT'S IMPORTANT FOR 2484 01:58:00,480 --> 01:58:03,160 THINGS LIKE A.I. AND IT PROVIDES 2485 01:58:03,160 --> 01:58:05,280 OBJECTIVE DATA TO SUPPORT OTHER 2486 01:58:05,280 --> 01:58:06,600 RESEARCH STUDIES. 2487 01:58:06,600 --> 01:58:12,120 ELISEO ALLUDED TO ISSUES LIKE 2488 01:58:12,120 --> 01:58:13,360 SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF HEALTH 2489 01:58:13,360 --> 01:58:17,880 AND BIAS AND ALL THESE CLINICIAN 2490 01:58:17,880 --> 01:58:18,920 COLLECTED TERMS HAVE POTENTIAL 2491 01:58:18,920 --> 01:58:27,720 FOR BIAS AND WHEN WE HAVE 2492 01:58:27,720 --> 01:58:28,440 SUBJECTIVE DATA IT'S IMPORTANT 2493 01:58:28,440 --> 01:58:31,520 FOR ALL STUDIES. 2494 01:58:31,520 --> 01:58:33,560 ANOTHER INNOVATION IN EYE CARE 2495 01:58:33,560 --> 01:58:35,520 IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE I 2496 01:58:35,520 --> 01:58:37,800 CAPTURED THIS TWEET OF ALL THE 2497 01:58:37,800 --> 01:58:39,200 MEDICAL SPECIALTIES MOST PEOPLE 2498 01:58:39,200 --> 01:58:41,920 THINK RADIOLOGY IS LEADING THE 2499 01:58:41,920 --> 01:58:45,280 A.I. MOVEMENT BUT IT'S ACTUALLY 2500 01:58:45,280 --> 01:58:46,040 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND IT'S THE 2501 01:58:46,040 --> 01:58:47,280 BECAUSE OF THE THINGS WE TALKED 2502 01:58:47,280 --> 01:58:53,200 ABOUT BEFORE, IMAGES AND 2503 01:58:53,200 --> 01:59:00,760 STRUCTURED DATA FROM THE E.H.R. 2504 01:59:00,760 --> 01:59:10,280 AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND THE 2505 01:59:10,280 --> 01:59:12,200 FIRST CLEARED FIELD WAS FOR 2506 01:59:12,200 --> 01:59:15,400 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND A GROUP 2507 01:59:15,400 --> 01:59:17,200 IN IOWA HAVE DONE THIS. 2508 01:59:17,200 --> 01:59:21,040 THE FOLKS AT GOOGLE HAVE DONE 2509 01:59:21,040 --> 01:59:22,880 WORK INVOLVING KNOWLEDGE 2510 01:59:22,880 --> 01:59:24,600 DISCOVERY AND CONNECTING IT TO 2511 01:59:24,600 --> 01:59:27,360 HEALTH AND USING DATA SETS OF 2512 01:59:27,360 --> 01:59:32,960 HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF RETINAL 2513 01:59:32,960 --> 01:59:37,800 RECORDS AND IDENTIFIED HOW OLD A 2514 01:59:37,800 --> 01:59:39,800 PERSON IS AND FOR MOST 2515 01:59:39,800 --> 01:59:40,760 OPHTHALMOLOGIST IT'S NOT A SHOCK 2516 01:59:40,760 --> 01:59:42,360 BECAUSE WE CAN LOOK AT THE 2517 01:59:42,360 --> 01:59:43,960 RETINA AND TELL IF IT PROBABLY 2518 01:59:43,960 --> 01:59:48,600 COMES FROM SOMEBODY WHO OLDER OR 2519 01:59:48,600 --> 01:59:50,320 YOUNGER BUT THEY WERE ABLE TO 2520 01:59:50,320 --> 01:59:51,040 TRAIN THE DEEP LEARNING SYSTEMS 2521 01:59:51,040 --> 01:59:54,240 PURELY FROM LOOKING AT A RETINAL 2522 01:59:54,240 --> 01:59:57,000 PHOTO TO DETERMINE IF IT CAME 2523 01:59:57,000 --> 01:59:59,680 FROM A MALE OR FEMALE PATIENT 2524 01:59:59,680 --> 02:00:01,200 WITH ALMOST COMPLETE ACCURACY 2525 02:00:01,200 --> 02:00:03,080 AND THAT STUNNED PEOPLE IN THE 2526 02:00:03,080 --> 02:00:03,920 VISION COMMUNITY BECAUSE THERE'S 2527 02:00:03,920 --> 02:00:05,800 NO WAY WE CAN LOOK AT A RETINA 2528 02:00:05,800 --> 02:00:07,200 AND TELL IF IT'S A MALE OR 2529 02:00:07,200 --> 02:00:08,040 FEMALE RETINA. 2530 02:00:08,040 --> 02:00:08,920 SO MAYBE THERE'S GOING TO BE 2531 02:00:08,920 --> 02:00:11,600 SOMETHING WE CAN GET OUT OF 2532 02:00:11,600 --> 02:00:14,120 THESE PIXELS THAT HELPS US IN 2533 02:00:14,120 --> 02:00:16,120 TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE OF DISCOVERY 2534 02:00:16,120 --> 02:00:18,880 AND FROM A DATA SCIENCE 2535 02:00:18,880 --> 02:00:19,200 PERSPECTIVE. 2536 02:00:19,200 --> 02:00:22,760 A LOT OF POTENTIAL FOR THIS. 2537 02:00:22,760 --> 02:00:26,000 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT GENETICS AS 2538 02:00:26,000 --> 02:00:28,720 ANOTHER INNOVATION. 2539 02:00:28,720 --> 02:00:32,280 GWAS GENOME WISE ASSOCIATION 2540 02:00:32,280 --> 02:00:37,400 STUDIES, ONE OF THE FIRST 2541 02:00:37,400 --> 02:00:38,800 SUCCESSFUL STUDIES WAS FOR 2542 02:00:38,800 --> 02:00:40,080 AGE-RELATED MACULAR 2543 02:00:40,080 --> 02:00:40,480 DEGENERATION. 2544 02:00:40,480 --> 02:00:45,000 THERE'S BEEN WORK IN THE EYE 2545 02:00:45,000 --> 02:00:45,600 FIELD. 2546 02:00:45,600 --> 02:00:46,800 FIRST FDA APPROVED GENE THERAPY 2547 02:00:46,800 --> 02:00:49,880 FOR ANY INHERITED DISEASE IN ANY 2548 02:00:49,880 --> 02:00:55,120 FIELD OF MEDICINE WAS ENVISION 2549 02:00:55,120 --> 02:00:58,320 FOR LABOR CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS 2550 02:00:58,320 --> 02:01:00,560 THAT CAUSES KIDS TO GO BLIND 2551 02:01:00,560 --> 02:01:01,280 GENERALLY WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR 2552 02:01:01,280 --> 02:01:01,960 OF LIFE. 2553 02:01:01,960 --> 02:01:04,560 THIS IS A VIDEO FROM THE 2554 02:01:04,560 --> 02:01:06,800 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WHO 2555 02:01:06,800 --> 02:01:08,680 DID A LOT OF THE ORIGINAL WORK 2556 02:01:08,680 --> 02:01:10,320 INVOLVING GENE THERAPY AND 2557 02:01:10,320 --> 02:01:11,520 YOU'LL SEE HERE THIS IS BEFORE 2558 02:01:11,520 --> 02:01:13,680 GENE THERAPY AND THE RIGHT SIDE 2559 02:01:13,680 --> 02:01:17,520 IS AFTER GENE THERAPY. 2560 02:01:17,520 --> 02:01:19,400 TO MEASURE THESE PATIENTS' 2561 02:01:19,400 --> 02:01:21,520 VISION AND QUANTIFY IT WE USED 2562 02:01:21,520 --> 02:01:27,200 MOBILITY MAZES BECAUSE THEY 2563 02:01:27,200 --> 02:01:28,880 COULDN'T READ ANYTHING NEAR THE 2564 02:01:28,880 --> 02:01:30,960 BIG E ON THE PIE CHART AND 2565 02:01:30,960 --> 02:01:33,600 THEY'RE QUANTIFIABLE BUT BEFORE 2566 02:01:33,600 --> 02:01:36,800 SHE CAN'T EVEN NAVIGATE THE EYE 2567 02:01:36,800 --> 02:01:41,880 CHART AND AFTER SHE'S WORK 2568 02:01:41,880 --> 02:01:51,520 REALLY GOES THREE IT AND AT THE 2569 02:01:51,520 --> 02:01:52,920 BEGINNING OF MY CAREER IF 2570 02:01:52,920 --> 02:01:54,480 SOMEBODY TOLD ME IT'D BE 2571 02:01:54,480 --> 02:01:56,800 AVAILABLE I WOULD HAVE THOUGHT 2572 02:01:56,800 --> 02:01:58,360 IT'S SCIENCE FICTION BUT GOES TO 2573 02:01:58,360 --> 02:02:01,680 THE EYE BEING ACCESSIBLE AND 2574 02:02:01,680 --> 02:02:05,520 DELIVER GENE THERAPY PRECISELY. 2575 02:02:05,520 --> 02:02:07,920 IN TERMS OF GENETICS, A FEW 2576 02:02:07,920 --> 02:02:10,280 EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE'VE DONE IN 2577 02:02:10,280 --> 02:02:12,560 DIVERSE POPULATIONS HERE. 2578 02:02:12,560 --> 02:02:17,600 WE MENTIONED GLAUCOMA, AFRICAN 2579 02:02:17,600 --> 02:02:21,520 AMERICANS HAVE HIGHER RISK FOR 2580 02:02:21,520 --> 02:02:23,080 GLAUCOMA, WE FUNDED SEVERAL 2581 02:02:23,080 --> 02:02:24,080 COLLABORATIVE STUDIES LOOKING AT 2582 02:02:24,080 --> 02:02:26,520 CAN WE IDENTIFY GENETIC MARKERS 2583 02:02:26,520 --> 02:02:29,960 SPECIFIC TO DIFFERENT RACES AND 2584 02:02:29,960 --> 02:02:32,320 WE'VE GOT AN EYES ON AFRICA 2585 02:02:32,320 --> 02:02:35,400 PROJECT A NETWORK OF SITES IN 2586 02:02:35,400 --> 02:02:36,400 AFRICA TO EXPLORE DIFFERENT GENE 2587 02:02:36,400 --> 02:02:38,360 ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS THAT 2588 02:02:38,360 --> 02:02:46,080 ARE RELEVANT TO EYE DISEASE. 2589 02:02:46,080 --> 02:02:47,680 WITH THIS I WANT TO TALK ABOUT 2590 02:02:47,680 --> 02:02:49,240 FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND WHAT WE 2591 02:02:49,240 --> 02:02:50,400 MAY BE ABLE TO DO TOGETHER. 2592 02:02:50,400 --> 02:02:52,960 WE GOT A STRATEGIC PLAN THAT WE 2593 02:02:52,960 --> 02:02:53,640 PUBLISHED ABOUT TWO MONTHS AGO 2594 02:02:53,640 --> 02:02:57,040 AND IF YOU GO TO THIS SITE HERE 2595 02:02:57,040 --> 02:02:59,000 IT WILL TAKE YOU TO THE 2596 02:02:59,000 --> 02:03:01,920 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IS ABOUT 15 2597 02:03:01,920 --> 02:03:02,160 PAGES. 2598 02:03:02,160 --> 02:03:03,600 ELISEO WAS THE ONE INSTITUTE 2599 02:03:03,600 --> 02:03:08,840 DIRECTOR THAT I SPECIFICALLY 2600 02:03:08,840 --> 02:03:10,120 REACHED OUT TO TO ASK OPINIONS 2601 02:03:10,120 --> 02:03:13,600 ABOUT THIS AND I KNOW ELISEO, 2602 02:03:13,600 --> 02:03:22,560 FORGIVE ME IF I GET THE NAME 2603 02:03:22,560 --> 02:03:31,520 WRONG, TILDA FELLHOF AND WE 2604 02:03:31,520 --> 02:03:33,760 BROKE OUR PLAN INTO SEVEN 2605 02:03:33,760 --> 02:03:37,960 CROSS-CUTTING AREAS OF EMPHASIS, 2606 02:03:37,960 --> 02:03:39,120 GENETICS, IMMUNOLOGY, MEDICINE 2607 02:03:39,120 --> 02:03:40,320 AND QUALITY OF LIFE AND PUBLIC 2608 02:03:40,320 --> 02:03:41,560 HEALTH AND DISPARITIES. 2609 02:03:41,560 --> 02:03:42,600 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT A FEW 2610 02:03:42,600 --> 02:03:43,640 THINGS THAT MAY BE OF INTEREST 2611 02:03:43,640 --> 02:03:45,560 TO THIS GROUP. 2612 02:03:45,560 --> 02:03:50,360 NUMBER ONE, IS DELIVERY OF EYE 2613 02:03:50,360 --> 02:03:50,560 CARE. 2614 02:03:50,560 --> 02:03:53,920 AS STATED WE HAVE A LOT OF 2615 02:03:53,920 --> 02:03:55,480 CHALLENGES AND TELEHEALTH IS ONE 2616 02:03:55,480 --> 02:03:58,600 THING WE'RE INTERESTED IN. 2617 02:03:58,600 --> 02:03:59,920 CAN WE DELIVER HEALTH CARE/EYE 2618 02:03:59,920 --> 02:04:03,080 CARE REMOTELY AND CAN IT BE A 2619 02:04:03,080 --> 02:04:06,400 MECHANISM TO DELIVER POPULATION 2620 02:04:06,400 --> 02:04:06,800 HEALTH? 2621 02:04:06,800 --> 02:04:13,840 WE HAVE TO EVALUATE THE COST 2622 02:04:13,840 --> 02:04:15,120 EFFECTIVENESS AND I DON'T THINK 2623 02:04:15,120 --> 02:04:16,520 IT WILL LOOK LIKE FEE FOR 2624 02:04:16,520 --> 02:04:18,080 SERVICE WHERE PEOPLE GET 2625 02:04:18,080 --> 02:04:20,400 REIMBURSED WITH REMOTE WE HAVE 2626 02:04:20,400 --> 02:04:22,480 TO COME UP WITH NEW MODELS FOR 2627 02:04:22,480 --> 02:04:25,000 CARE AND WE HAVE EXAMPLES IN OUR 2628 02:04:25,000 --> 02:04:25,400 PORTFOLIO. 2629 02:04:25,400 --> 02:04:29,000 I MENTIONED TELEHEALTH AND 2630 02:04:29,000 --> 02:04:30,280 R.O.P. AND HAVE AN INVESTIGATOR 2631 02:04:30,280 --> 02:04:35,320 IN WISCONSIN DOING 2632 02:04:35,320 --> 02:04:36,600 IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE FOR 2633 02:04:36,600 --> 02:04:39,320 IMPROVING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY 2634 02:04:39,320 --> 02:04:42,240 AND WE NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 2635 02:04:42,240 --> 02:04:43,400 SOCIAL DETERMINATES RELATED TO 2636 02:04:43,400 --> 02:04:46,040 TO VISION CARE AND WHY ARE 2637 02:04:46,040 --> 02:04:47,360 PEOPLE GOING BLIND DUE TO VISION 2638 02:04:47,360 --> 02:04:55,280 LOSS IN 2022 AND HOW CAN WE 2639 02:04:55,280 --> 02:04:55,760 INTEGRATE THE SOCIAL 2640 02:04:55,760 --> 02:04:56,720 DETERMINATES AND DATA ELEMENTS 2641 02:04:56,720 --> 02:04:57,840 AND BE ABLE TO IMPROVE THIS. 2642 02:04:57,840 --> 02:04:59,360 I KNOW SOME OF THAT CAME UP IN 2643 02:04:59,360 --> 02:05:08,640 THE DISCUSSION EARLIER TODAY. 2644 02:05:08,640 --> 02:05:12,360 WE HAVE SOME ON K GRANTS 2645 02:05:12,360 --> 02:05:13,720 STUDYING SOCIAL DETERMINATES OF 2646 02:05:13,720 --> 02:05:18,960 EYE HEALTH AND HOPING WE CAN 2647 02:05:18,960 --> 02:05:21,640 CULTIVATE SOME OF THEIR CAREERS. 2648 02:05:21,640 --> 02:05:24,520 BRIAN CHOI AND CATHY SUNG AND 2649 02:05:24,520 --> 02:05:27,320 ONE THING WE IDENTIFIED IS DATA 2650 02:05:27,320 --> 02:05:31,320 SCIENCE AND DATA SHARING. 2651 02:05:31,320 --> 02:05:32,440 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WE 2652 02:05:32,440 --> 02:05:34,320 TALKED ABOUT ALL THE AMAZING 2653 02:05:34,320 --> 02:05:36,800 THINGS THAT HAVE GONE ON BUT WHY 2654 02:05:36,800 --> 02:05:38,280 ISN'T THIS A SOLVED PROBLEM NOW? 2655 02:05:38,280 --> 02:05:39,880 IT'S FAR FROM SOLVED AND ONE OF 2656 02:05:39,880 --> 02:05:43,880 THE CHALLENGES IS 2657 02:05:43,880 --> 02:05:45,360 GENERALIZABILITY AND BIAS. 2658 02:05:45,360 --> 02:05:48,920 THIS DATA CAME FROM A 2659 02:05:48,920 --> 02:05:50,920 COLLABORATOR IN BOSTON. 2660 02:05:50,920 --> 02:05:53,160 THE UNDERLYING CHALLENGE IS SO 2661 02:05:53,160 --> 02:05:55,320 MUCH OF THE RESEARCH THAT'S BEEN 2662 02:05:55,320 --> 02:05:57,320 DONE IN DATA SCIENCE AND A.I. 2663 02:05:57,320 --> 02:05:59,280 COMES FROM A FEW MAJOR ACADEMIC 2664 02:05:59,280 --> 02:06:01,760 CENTERS AND THE DATA SETS ARE 2665 02:06:01,760 --> 02:06:04,280 OFTEN RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS AND 2666 02:06:04,280 --> 02:06:06,720 THE REAL WORLD IS HETEROGENEOUS 2667 02:06:06,720 --> 02:06:09,400 AND DIFFERENT POPULATIONS AND 2668 02:06:09,400 --> 02:06:11,520 IMAGING DEVICES. 2669 02:06:11,520 --> 02:06:13,960 IN GENERAL YOU CANNOT TAKE DATA 2670 02:06:13,960 --> 02:06:16,400 FROM RUN RACE AND ONE MEASURE 2671 02:06:16,400 --> 02:06:17,600 AND TRANSPOSE IT TO ANOTHER ONE 2672 02:06:17,600 --> 02:06:18,840 AND THIS DIDN'T WORK AND THE 2673 02:06:18,840 --> 02:06:22,760 CHART SHOWS IT DOESN'T WORK. 2674 02:06:22,760 --> 02:06:25,240 S ON TOP OF THAT IN THE REAL 2675 02:06:25,240 --> 02:06:26,960 WORLD THE DATA IS POORER QUALITY 2676 02:06:26,960 --> 02:06:29,680 THAN ACADEMIC CENTERS AND 2677 02:06:29,680 --> 02:06:34,680 SUBJECT TO IT BIASES IN DATA 2678 02:06:34,680 --> 02:06:35,000 COLLECTION. 2679 02:06:35,000 --> 02:06:37,040 WE NEED LARGER AND MORE DIVERSE 2680 02:06:37,040 --> 02:06:40,360 DATA SETS AND VALIDATE ACROSS 2681 02:06:40,360 --> 02:06:42,560 POPULATIONS AND DEVICES AND 2682 02:06:42,560 --> 02:06:43,320 BETTER DATA SHARING. 2683 02:06:43,320 --> 02:06:47,320 IN THE SPIRIT OF DATA SHARING IT 2684 02:06:47,320 --> 02:06:50,000 WILL BE TRUE FOR A.I. AND 2685 02:06:50,000 --> 02:06:54,200 RESEARCH INVOLVING MECHANISMS OF 2686 02:06:54,200 --> 02:06:57,240 DISEASE AND MULTI OMICS ANALYSIS 2687 02:06:57,240 --> 02:06:59,600 AND WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? 2688 02:06:59,600 --> 02:07:05,840 THE EXAMPLE, WE ALL KNOW OF THIS 2689 02:07:05,840 --> 02:07:07,280 SITUATION WHERE THERE'S MULTIPLE 2690 02:07:07,280 --> 02:07:08,600 STUDIES GOING ON IN CENTERS 2691 02:07:08,600 --> 02:07:10,160 ACROSS THE COUNTRY THE BOSTON 2692 02:07:10,160 --> 02:07:10,880 STUDY AND SAN FRANCISCO AND 2693 02:07:10,880 --> 02:07:16,720 OREGON STUDY. 2694 02:07:16,720 --> 02:07:18,000 THEY'RE ALL INDIVIDUALLY UNDER 2695 02:07:18,000 --> 02:07:20,320 POWERED TO MOVE THE FIELD 2696 02:07:20,320 --> 02:07:25,520 FORWARD YET WE CAN'T COMBINE 2697 02:07:25,520 --> 02:07:31,360 DATA BECAUSE TE DATA -- THE DATA 2698 02:07:31,360 --> 02:07:33,120 IS GATHERED IN SLIGHTLY 2699 02:07:33,120 --> 02:07:34,360 DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND HOPING 2700 02:07:34,360 --> 02:07:35,360 WE CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE 2701 02:07:35,360 --> 02:07:36,760 DATA WE'RE ALL DOING. 2702 02:07:36,760 --> 02:07:39,320 AT NIH I THINK YOU KNOW WE HAVE 2703 02:07:39,320 --> 02:07:40,880 A DATA SHARING POLICY GOING INTO 2704 02:07:40,880 --> 02:07:43,680 EFFECT JANUARY 2023 AND THAT'S A 2705 02:07:43,680 --> 02:07:44,000 STICK. 2706 02:07:44,000 --> 02:07:45,840 WE'RE IN THE FUNDING RESEARCH 2707 02:07:45,840 --> 02:07:47,280 UNLESS YOU SHARE YOUR DATA BUT I 2708 02:07:47,280 --> 02:07:49,680 THINK WE NEED CARROTS IN 2709 02:07:49,680 --> 02:07:51,280 ADDITION TO THAT. 2710 02:07:51,280 --> 02:07:52,400 ONE OF THE THINGS WE DID WAS 2711 02:07:52,400 --> 02:07:56,400 WORKED WITH THE EDITORS OF ONE 2712 02:07:56,400 --> 02:07:58,200 OF THE MAJOR VISION JOURNALS TO 2713 02:07:58,200 --> 02:07:59,360 CREATE A NEW PUBLICATION TYPE 2714 02:07:59,360 --> 02:08:01,320 THAT'S CALLED A DATA SET. 2715 02:08:01,320 --> 02:08:03,040 WHERE THE IDEA IS THAT 2716 02:08:03,040 --> 02:08:04,040 INVESTIGATORS WOULD BE 2717 02:08:04,040 --> 02:08:05,920 INCENTIVIZED TO GET ACADEMIC 2718 02:08:05,920 --> 02:08:08,480 CREDIT BY PUBLISHING YOUR DATA 2719 02:08:08,480 --> 02:08:10,840 SETS AND OTHER PEOPLE COULD FIND 2720 02:08:10,840 --> 02:08:12,880 IT USING PUB MED. 2721 02:08:12,880 --> 02:08:14,600 MY VIEW IS I DON'T FEEL THAT OUR 2722 02:08:14,600 --> 02:08:16,640 COMMUNITY COMPLETELY GETS THE 2723 02:08:16,640 --> 02:08:18,200 BENEFITS OF DATA SHARING YET AND 2724 02:08:18,200 --> 02:08:21,280 WE NEED TO BRING ABOUT THAT 2725 02:08:21,280 --> 02:08:23,360 GRADUAL CULTURE SHIFT TO BE ABLE 2726 02:08:23,360 --> 02:08:25,800 TO PROMOTE THINGS LIKE A.I. 2727 02:08:25,800 --> 02:08:27,360 THROUGH BIGGER DATA SETS AND 2728 02:08:27,360 --> 02:08:30,120 MORE DIVERSE DATA SETS. 2729 02:08:30,120 --> 02:08:36,400 QUICK EXAMPLES HERE OF WHAT'S 2730 02:08:36,400 --> 02:08:39,520 GOING ON TRANS-NIH THE COMMON 2731 02:08:39,520 --> 02:08:44,320 FUND HAS FUNDED A BRIDGE TO A.I. 2732 02:08:44,320 --> 02:08:46,280 INITIATIVE BASED ON THE PREMISE 2733 02:08:46,280 --> 02:08:47,600 CAN WE BUILD LARGER DATA SETS 2734 02:08:47,600 --> 02:08:50,840 AND THIS IS A $100 MILLION 2735 02:08:50,840 --> 02:08:52,840 PROJECT OVER FOUR YEARS. 2736 02:08:52,840 --> 02:08:54,120 RECIPIENTS HAVEN'T BEEN 2737 02:08:54,120 --> 02:08:54,760 ANNOUNCED YET. 2738 02:08:54,760 --> 02:08:55,720 THE SECOND INITIATIVE I WANT TO 2739 02:08:55,720 --> 02:09:00,280 MAKE SURE YOU'RE AWARE OF IS 2740 02:09:00,280 --> 02:09:01,640 CALLED AIM AHEAD THROUGH THE 2741 02:09:01,640 --> 02:09:03,920 OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY. 2742 02:09:03,920 --> 02:09:05,040 I'M INTERESTED IN THIS. 2743 02:09:05,040 --> 02:09:08,200 I'M THE CO-CHAIR OF AN ADVISORY 2744 02:09:08,200 --> 02:09:09,040 COMMITTEE BEING FORMED TOGETHER 2745 02:09:09,040 --> 02:09:11,320 WITH PATTY BRENNAN FROM THE 2746 02:09:11,320 --> 02:09:15,640 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND 2747 02:09:15,640 --> 02:09:18,920 WHAT AIM AHEAD TRIES TO DO IS 2748 02:09:18,920 --> 02:09:20,880 USE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO 2749 02:09:20,880 --> 02:09:22,480 ADDRESS CHALLENGES IN HEALTH 2750 02:09:22,480 --> 02:09:23,600 DISPARITIES AND MINORITY HEALTH 2751 02:09:23,600 --> 02:09:25,960 AND WHAT IS BEING DONE WITH THIS 2752 02:09:25,960 --> 02:09:28,000 IS BUILDING DATA WORKFORCE IN 2753 02:09:28,000 --> 02:09:30,400 MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES, 2754 02:09:30,400 --> 02:09:32,440 DEVELOPING DIVERSE DATA SETS, 2755 02:09:32,440 --> 02:09:33,680 TRAINING A SET OF DIVERSE 2756 02:09:33,680 --> 02:09:35,640 RESEARCHERS AND DEVELOPING 2757 02:09:35,640 --> 02:09:36,360 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2758 02:09:36,360 --> 02:09:39,200 APPROACHES TO DETECT BIAS. 2759 02:09:39,200 --> 02:09:39,680 REALLY IMPORTANT. 2760 02:09:39,680 --> 02:09:41,080 ONE OF THE REASONS I THINK THIS 2761 02:09:41,080 --> 02:09:43,200 IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT WE 2762 02:09:43,200 --> 02:09:45,040 ALLUDED TO EARLIER THAT WHEN WE 2763 02:09:45,040 --> 02:09:46,880 STUDIED BIAS IN THE MEDICAL 2764 02:09:46,880 --> 02:09:49,960 RECORD IT'S OFTEN BASED ON WHAT 2765 02:09:49,960 --> 02:09:52,880 A DOCTOR OR NURSE OR SOME 2766 02:09:52,880 --> 02:09:56,400 CLINICIAN WRITES BASED ON THEIR 2767 02:09:56,400 --> 02:09:59,080 OBSERVATIONS OR NOTES AND THAT'S 2768 02:09:59,080 --> 02:10:00,520 OFTEN SUBJECTIVE. 2769 02:10:00,520 --> 02:10:02,000 I'M HOPING OBJECTIVE IMAGE DATA 2770 02:10:02,000 --> 02:10:04,920 FROM THE EYE OR OTHER ORGAN CAN 2771 02:10:04,920 --> 02:10:08,200 HELPS US ANCHOR THAT SORT OF 2772 02:10:08,200 --> 02:10:08,600 RESEARCH. 2773 02:10:08,600 --> 02:10:10,760 A LOT GOING ON WITH THIS AND THE 2774 02:10:10,760 --> 02:10:17,680 PERSON WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THE 2775 02:10:17,680 --> 02:10:23,920 ODSS IS SUSAN GREGURICK AND I 2776 02:10:23,920 --> 02:10:25,480 THINK THERE'S A LOT OF 2777 02:10:25,480 --> 02:10:26,600 OPPORTUNITIES WE SEE ALSO IN 2778 02:10:26,600 --> 02:10:28,880 TERMS OF ACCESSIBILITY FOR 2779 02:10:28,880 --> 02:10:30,160 VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE. 2780 02:10:30,160 --> 02:10:33,520 WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT'S 2781 02:10:33,520 --> 02:10:34,160 INCREASINGLY RELIANT ON 2782 02:10:34,160 --> 02:10:36,000 COMPUTING AND MOBILE DEVICES AND 2783 02:10:36,000 --> 02:10:38,240 SO FOR PEOPLE WHO CAN'T SEE THIS 2784 02:10:38,240 --> 02:10:39,200 IS A HUGE PROBLEM. 2785 02:10:39,200 --> 02:10:41,640 SO WHAT DO WE NEED? 2786 02:10:41,640 --> 02:10:43,200 INNOVATION TO IMPROVE 2787 02:10:43,200 --> 02:10:43,560 ACCESSIBILITY. 2788 02:10:43,560 --> 02:10:45,800 ONE OF THE WAYS THIS HAS COME UP 2789 02:10:45,800 --> 02:10:48,200 RECENTLY IS HOME COVID TESTS. 2790 02:10:48,200 --> 02:10:49,880 THIS ARTICLE IN THE NEW YORK 2791 02:10:49,880 --> 02:10:51,200 TIMES A WEEK AGO BLIND PEOPLE 2792 02:10:51,200 --> 02:10:53,200 ARE NOT ABLE TO DO THIS BECAUSE 2793 02:10:53,200 --> 02:10:58,680 THEY CAN'T SEE THE PINK STRIPE. 2794 02:10:58,680 --> 02:11:01,960 JUST TODAY AT THE NEI WE 2795 02:11:01,960 --> 02:11:03,160 PUBLISHED A NOTICE OF SPECIAL 2796 02:11:03,160 --> 02:11:04,560 INTEREST TO CALL ATTENTION TO 2797 02:11:04,560 --> 02:11:06,680 THIS WITH THE LINK DOWN HERE AND 2798 02:11:06,680 --> 02:11:10,240 I TALKED WITH ELISEO ABOUT THE 2799 02:11:10,240 --> 02:11:12,680 IT RADXUP INVOLVING COVID 2800 02:11:12,680 --> 02:11:13,240 TESTING. 2801 02:11:13,240 --> 02:11:14,560 MAYBE WE CAN TRY TO USE THINGS 2802 02:11:14,560 --> 02:11:19,120 LIKE THIS AS A MECHANISM TO 2803 02:11:19,120 --> 02:11:21,480 IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY BY THE 2804 02:11:21,480 --> 02:11:22,960 VISUALLY IMPAIRED POPULATION AS 2805 02:11:22,960 --> 02:11:25,600 A VULNERABLE POPULATION THAT AND 2806 02:11:25,600 --> 02:11:30,600 BEYOND THAT MAYBE DEVELOP MOBILE 2807 02:11:30,600 --> 02:11:33,720 APPS TO COMBINE COMPUTER VISION 2808 02:11:33,720 --> 02:11:35,000 AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 2809 02:11:35,000 --> 02:11:37,240 TO HELP PEOPLE NAVIGATE BETTER. 2810 02:11:37,240 --> 02:11:41,120 THIS IS MY ALMOST LAST SLIDE. 2811 02:11:41,120 --> 02:11:43,360 ONE THING WE'RE ALSO INTERESTED 2812 02:11:43,360 --> 02:11:46,600 IN IS TRAINING AND WORKFORCE 2813 02:11:46,600 --> 02:11:47,080 SATISFACTION. 2814 02:11:47,080 --> 02:11:47,800 WE LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE BELIEVES 2815 02:11:47,800 --> 02:11:52,600 WE HAVE TO HAVE A PIPELINE OF 2816 02:11:52,600 --> 02:11:54,600 YOUNG PEOPLE WHO UNDERSTANDS 2817 02:11:54,600 --> 02:11:57,160 RESEARCH AND ONE THING IS MAKING 2818 02:11:57,160 --> 02:11:58,760 PEOPLE BETTER GRANT REVIEWERS. 2819 02:11:58,760 --> 02:12:01,000 WE STARTED A GRANT REVIEWER 2820 02:12:01,000 --> 02:12:03,000 PROGRAM AND WE'RE PARTICULARLY 2821 02:12:03,000 --> 02:12:04,240 ENCOURAGING PEOPLE FROM UNDER 2822 02:12:04,240 --> 02:12:05,560 REPRESENTED GROUPS FROM APPLY 2823 02:12:05,560 --> 02:12:07,120 AND GO TO THIS SITE HERE AND YOU 2824 02:12:07,120 --> 02:12:11,200 CAN SIGN UP APPLY AND MEET THE 2825 02:12:11,200 --> 02:12:15,840 NEI STAFF AND LEARN ABOUT 2826 02:12:15,840 --> 02:12:17,800 REVIEWING IN A PRINCIPLED WAY 2827 02:12:17,800 --> 02:12:22,840 AND HAVE OUR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 2828 02:12:22,840 --> 02:12:25,400 OFFICERS CONTRIBUTE TO THIS 2829 02:12:25,400 --> 02:12:28,480 PARTICULAR TO THIS AND BRIAN 2830 02:12:28,480 --> 02:12:30,600 BOSHAW LED THIS WITH CATHY 2831 02:12:30,600 --> 02:12:31,200 ANDERSON. 2832 02:12:31,200 --> 02:12:34,600 LET ME JUST AND TO POINT OUT 2833 02:12:34,600 --> 02:12:36,160 THERE ARE A LOT OF NIMHD 2834 02:12:36,160 --> 02:12:37,000 INITIATIVES THAT WE'VE SIGNED ON 2835 02:12:37,000 --> 02:12:39,880 TO AND I'M HOPING WE CAN FIND 2836 02:12:39,880 --> 02:12:42,000 SOME COMMON GROUND HERE TO FUND 2837 02:12:42,000 --> 02:12:44,440 IN TERMS OF EYE DISEASE AND 2838 02:12:44,440 --> 02:12:44,760 DISPARITIES. 2839 02:12:44,760 --> 02:12:47,120 SO MY LAST SLIDE HERE WHAT ARE 2840 02:12:47,120 --> 02:12:49,200 SOME AREAS OF POTENTIAL 2841 02:12:49,200 --> 02:12:50,120 COLLABORATION, DELIVERING EYE 2842 02:12:50,120 --> 02:12:52,800 CARE TO UNDER SERVED POPULATIONS 2843 02:12:52,800 --> 02:12:54,600 MAYBE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY. 2844 02:12:54,600 --> 02:12:56,400 IMPROVING HEALTH EQUITY THROUGH 2845 02:12:56,400 --> 02:13:00,600 OBJECTIVE IMAGE DATA, ARTIFICIAL 2846 02:13:00,600 --> 02:13:02,000 INTELLIGENCE, DATA SHARING, 2847 02:13:02,000 --> 02:13:03,400 ACCESSIBILITY BY VISUALLY 2848 02:13:03,400 --> 02:13:06,200 IMPAIRED PEOPLE AND 2849 02:13:06,200 --> 02:13:07,840 STRENGTHENING OUR DIVISION 2850 02:13:07,840 --> 02:13:09,360 WORKFORCE IN SOCIAL DETERMINATES 2851 02:13:09,360 --> 02:13:11,440 OF HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY AND 2852 02:13:11,440 --> 02:13:14,920 HOPING OUR COMMUNITY CAN LEARN 2853 02:13:14,920 --> 02:13:17,440 AND IT'S A PRIVILEGE TO SPEAK 2854 02:13:17,440 --> 02:13:19,400 HERE AND LOOK FORWARD TO 2855 02:13:19,400 --> 02:13:19,840 CHATTING A LITTLE BIT. 2856 02:13:19,840 --> 02:13:21,240 >> THANK YOU, MIKE. 2857 02:13:21,240 --> 02:13:25,560 THAT WAS REALLY A WELL ORGANIZED 2858 02:13:25,560 --> 02:13:29,800 AND THOUGHTFUL -- I THINK I HAD 2859 02:13:29,800 --> 02:13:31,400 REMEMBERED WE SHARED A COMMON 2860 02:13:31,400 --> 02:13:33,120 PASS IN PITTSBURGH AND ALSO IN 2861 02:13:33,120 --> 02:13:34,880 THE BAY AREA. 2862 02:13:34,880 --> 02:13:37,600 I'LL COMMENT THAT THE CHALLENGES 2863 02:13:37,600 --> 02:13:43,360 OF COMMON DATA ELEMENTS AND DATA 2864 02:13:43,360 --> 02:13:53,200 SHARING ARE EFFECTING ALL OF US 2865 02:13:53,200 --> 02:13:57,320 CERTAINLY IN RADXUP AND IT 2866 02:13:57,320 --> 02:14:02,120 SOUNDS GOOD AND SCIENTIFICALLY 2867 02:14:02,120 --> 02:14:04,320 SOUND BUT SCIENTISTS AND 2868 02:14:04,320 --> 02:14:05,720 PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS ARE HARD 2869 02:14:05,720 --> 02:14:07,320 HEADED, LET'S PUT IT THAT WAY, 2870 02:14:07,320 --> 02:14:09,720 AND THEY WANT TO DO THINGS THEIR 2871 02:14:09,720 --> 02:14:09,880 WAY. 2872 02:14:09,880 --> 02:14:11,360 IT IS A COMMON THEME ACROSS THE 2873 02:14:11,360 --> 02:14:13,400 AGENCY I THINK WE NEED TO 2874 02:14:13,400 --> 02:14:18,800 CONTINUE TO WORK ON. 2875 02:14:18,800 --> 02:14:20,120 IT'S A CULTURE CHANGE AND I WAS 2876 02:14:20,120 --> 02:14:22,800 PLEASED TO SEE THE KINDS OF 2877 02:14:22,800 --> 02:14:30,040 THINGS YOU IDENTIFIED AS COMMON 2878 02:14:30,040 --> 02:14:33,360 PROBLEMS AND CERTAINLY MYOPIA, 2879 02:14:33,360 --> 02:14:35,360 MY GOD, OF COURSE IF YOU DON'T 2880 02:14:35,360 --> 02:14:37,800 GET GLASSES YOU CAN'T READ THE 2881 02:14:37,800 --> 02:14:39,880 BOARD OR CAN'T DO ADEQUATE WORK 2882 02:14:39,880 --> 02:14:42,720 IN SCHOOL OR DRIVE SAFELY. 2883 02:14:42,720 --> 02:14:43,400 CLEARLY ALL THESE ARE IMPORTANT 2884 02:14:43,400 --> 02:14:50,800 POINTS. 2885 02:14:50,800 --> 02:14:52,680 I'LL OPEN IT UP FOR THE HAPPENED 2886 02:14:52,680 --> 02:15:02,920 RAISE FUNCTION IF YOU WANT -- 2887 02:15:02,920 --> 02:15:04,840 ASK QUESTIONS. 2888 02:15:04,840 --> 02:15:09,160 HAND RAISE FUNCTION. 2889 02:15:09,160 --> 02:15:10,560 ESTEBAN, PLEASE. 2890 02:15:10,560 --> 02:15:13,320 >> THANK YOU, THAT WAS A GREAT 2891 02:15:13,320 --> 02:15:15,840 PRESENTATION AND I'M PART OF TOP 2892 02:15:15,840 --> 02:15:20,000 MED A MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR 2893 02:15:20,000 --> 02:15:21,600 EFFORT TO GET WHOLE GENOME 2894 02:15:21,600 --> 02:15:24,360 SEQUENCES AND THE LARGEST 2895 02:15:24,360 --> 02:15:25,640 CONTRIBUTORS OF MINORITY 2896 02:15:25,640 --> 02:15:29,200 SAMPLES, 33% OF TOP MED ARE MY 2897 02:15:29,200 --> 02:15:29,440 SAMPLES. 2898 02:15:29,440 --> 02:15:34,240 I THINK THE NIH WILL CLAIM TOP 2899 02:15:34,240 --> 02:15:37,360 MED AS A SUCCESS BUT THEY DIDN'T 2900 02:15:37,360 --> 02:15:39,600 PROVIDE FUNDING SUPPORT FOR 2901 02:15:39,600 --> 02:15:42,000 PEOPLE LIKE ME THAT TORONTO THE 2902 02:15:42,000 --> 02:15:48,560 DATA TO ANALYZE THE DATA. 2903 02:15:48,560 --> 02:15:50,800 SO THERE'S NO MORE INCENTIVE TO 2904 02:15:50,800 --> 02:15:53,520 PARTICIPATE MORE IF WE'RE 2905 02:15:53,520 --> 02:15:55,000 UNFUNDED SO I'M GLAD YOU'RE 2906 02:15:55,000 --> 02:15:57,680 PROVIDING CARROTS AND STICKS TO 2907 02:15:57,680 --> 02:15:59,400 THE INVESTIGATORS CONTRIBUTING 2908 02:15:59,400 --> 02:16:01,320 TO ANALYZE AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE 2909 02:16:01,320 --> 02:16:01,920 DATA. 2910 02:16:01,920 --> 02:16:03,600 WE KNOW THE DATA THE BEST. 2911 02:16:03,600 --> 02:16:07,400 WE COLLECTED IT AND CURATED IT 2912 02:16:07,400 --> 02:16:11,120 AND QC'D IT AND TO PUT IT ON A 2913 02:16:11,120 --> 02:16:13,200 PUBLIC FORUM LIKE DB GAP IT'S 2914 02:16:13,200 --> 02:16:15,200 IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE MILLIONS OF 2915 02:16:15,200 --> 02:16:17,160 POST-DOCS OUT THERE WHO WANT TO 2916 02:16:17,160 --> 02:16:19,400 ANALYZE OUR DATA WITHOUT OUR 2917 02:16:19,400 --> 02:16:20,000 INVOLVEMENT. 2918 02:16:20,000 --> 02:16:23,400 KUDOS TO YOU GUYS FOR THINKING 2919 02:16:23,400 --> 02:16:25,400 FORWARD. 2920 02:16:25,400 --> 02:16:28,120 >> ESTEBAN, THANK YOU FOR MAKING 2921 02:16:28,120 --> 02:16:28,400 THAT POINT. 2922 02:16:28,400 --> 02:16:30,400 BOTH THE POSITIVES AND THE 2923 02:16:30,400 --> 02:16:31,800 NEGATIVES OF IT. 2924 02:16:31,800 --> 02:16:33,240 MAYBE I SHOULD SAY ESPECIALLY 2925 02:16:33,240 --> 02:16:38,000 THE NEGATIVES OF IT. 2926 02:16:38,000 --> 02:16:41,880 I'LL GIVE YOU MY OPINION ON THIS 2927 02:16:41,880 --> 02:16:45,160 IS THAT I THINK AT THE NIH 2928 02:16:45,160 --> 02:16:49,400 OVERALL I DON'T FEEL LIKE WE CAN 2929 02:16:49,400 --> 02:16:53,560 WORK IN A VACUUM IN THE SENSE 2930 02:16:53,560 --> 02:16:55,280 THAT I THINK WHAT WE STRIVE TO 2931 02:16:55,280 --> 02:16:57,960 DO IS MAKE THINGS EASIER FOR 2932 02:16:57,960 --> 02:17:00,520 PEOPLE WHO DO THE REAL WORK TO 2933 02:17:00,520 --> 02:17:01,640 DO THE WORK. 2934 02:17:01,640 --> 02:17:04,640 THAT'S SOMETHING THAT I'LL 2935 02:17:04,640 --> 02:17:09,000 REALLY THINK OF BUT I PERSONALLY 2936 02:17:09,000 --> 02:17:14,600 HOPE WE CAN COME UP WITH WAYS TO 2937 02:17:14,600 --> 02:17:16,600 BEST WORK TOGETHER WITH THOSE 2938 02:17:16,600 --> 02:17:17,400 WHO DO THE WORK WE'RE TRYING TO 2939 02:17:17,400 --> 02:17:30,120 ADVANCE. 2940 02:17:30,120 --> 02:17:32,000 >> I'M AN INTERNIST AND 2941 02:17:32,000 --> 02:17:34,520 GERIATRICIAN SO AWARE OF LOTS OF 2942 02:17:34,520 --> 02:17:36,400 EYE DISEASE NOT TREATED 2943 02:17:36,400 --> 02:17:36,640 DIRECTLY. 2944 02:17:36,640 --> 02:17:39,920 I WAS INTERESTED IN THE ISSUE OF 2945 02:17:39,920 --> 02:17:41,800 DATA SHARING AND NOT 2946 02:17:41,800 --> 02:17:43,200 SURPRISINGLY LACK OF DIVERSITY 2947 02:17:43,200 --> 02:17:44,880 WITHIN SOME SINGLE DATA SETS AND 2948 02:17:44,880 --> 02:17:47,360 TRYING TO ADDRESS THAT THROUGH 2949 02:17:47,360 --> 02:17:50,040 THE LINKAGE OF MULTIPLE DATA 2950 02:17:50,040 --> 02:17:55,400 SETS WITH COMMON VARIABLES 2951 02:17:55,400 --> 02:17:58,680 POTENTIALLY. 2952 02:17:58,680 --> 02:18:03,800 I WAS WONDERING IF YOU 2953 02:18:03,800 --> 02:18:05,400 INVESTIGATORS HOW THEY MIGHT OR 2954 02:18:05,400 --> 02:18:08,360 HOW YOU THOUGHT ABOUT 2955 02:18:08,360 --> 02:18:09,360 INCENTIVIZING EFFORTS TO 2956 02:18:09,360 --> 02:18:10,760 INCREASE INCLUSION OF 2957 02:18:10,760 --> 02:18:12,080 POPULATIONS THAT EXPERIENCE 2958 02:18:12,080 --> 02:18:14,560 HEALTH DISPARITIES RECOGNIZING 2959 02:18:14,560 --> 02:18:17,200 SOMETIMES IT MAY BE ABSENT IN 2960 02:18:17,200 --> 02:18:18,640 CLINICAL RECORDS DUE TO LACK OF 2961 02:18:18,640 --> 02:18:32,280 ACCESS OR RECEIPT OF EYE CARE. 2962 02:18:32,280 --> 02:18:34,800 >> IT'S A PROBLEM ALL OF US -- 2963 02:18:34,800 --> 02:18:37,680 CLEARLY, I DONE THINK ANYONE HAS 2964 02:18:37,680 --> 02:18:42,520 FIGURED THIS OUT YET. 2965 02:18:42,520 --> 02:18:45,440 ONE OF THE WAYS WE TRIED IS BY 2966 02:18:45,440 --> 02:18:47,040 INCENTIVIZING IT THROUGH FUNDING 2967 02:18:47,040 --> 02:18:48,640 WITH PROJECTS LIKE AIM AHEAD 2968 02:18:48,640 --> 02:18:55,320 WHERE THE GOAL OF THIS IS REALLY 2969 02:18:55,320 --> 02:19:00,120 TO THERE'S ONLY ONE GOAL OF AIM 2970 02:19:00,120 --> 02:19:02,000 AHEAD WHICH IS TO COLLECT 2971 02:19:02,000 --> 02:19:07,360 DIVERSE DATA SETS AND TO TRAIN 2972 02:19:07,360 --> 02:19:08,880 DIVERSE INVESTIGATORS. 2973 02:19:08,880 --> 02:19:13,000 KNOW, WHAT WE REALLY NEED 2974 02:19:13,000 --> 02:19:13,440 SOMETHING SUSTAINABLE. 2975 02:19:13,440 --> 02:19:15,960 WHAT WE DON'T WANT TO DO IS FUND 2976 02:19:15,960 --> 02:19:17,520 AIM AHEAD EVERY FOUR YEARS. 2977 02:19:17,520 --> 02:19:19,800 WE WANT TO HELP THE COMMUNITY DO 2978 02:19:19,800 --> 02:19:22,760 THIS ON THEIR OWN AND I THINK 2979 02:19:22,760 --> 02:19:27,320 THERE'S A FEW WAYS THAT WE COULD 2980 02:19:27,320 --> 02:19:29,440 DO THAT MAYBE IF YOU GET YOUR 2981 02:19:29,440 --> 02:19:30,960 PAPER PUBLISHED IN THE FUTURE 2982 02:19:30,960 --> 02:19:36,000 YOU HAVE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT YOU 2983 02:19:36,000 --> 02:19:37,400 SPAN A WHOLE GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO 2984 02:19:37,400 --> 02:19:38,000 ARE GOING TO BE USING THAT 2985 02:19:38,000 --> 02:19:43,520 SYSTEM. 2986 02:19:43,520 --> 02:19:48,680 I REALLY HOPE THE COMMUNITY CAN 2987 02:19:48,680 --> 02:19:50,720 JUST SORT OF THINK ABOUT THAT 2988 02:19:50,720 --> 02:19:52,800 ISSUE AND TRY TO COME UP WITH 2989 02:19:52,800 --> 02:19:53,040 SOLUTIONS. 2990 02:19:53,040 --> 02:19:54,040 AND PEOPLE ARE THINKING ABOUT 2991 02:19:54,040 --> 02:19:57,440 THIS BUT I THINK WE NEED TO TAKE 2992 02:19:57,440 --> 02:19:58,240 THAT NEXT STEP TO WHAT'S IT 2993 02:19:58,240 --> 02:20:00,560 GOING TO LOOK LIKE. 2994 02:20:00,560 --> 02:20:03,240 >> THANK YOU, KIMBERLY. 2995 02:20:03,240 --> 02:20:04,320 I WOULD ADD THAT THE NEW ENGLAND 2996 02:20:04,320 --> 02:20:06,720 JOURNAL DID COME UP WITH A 2997 02:20:06,720 --> 02:20:08,320 POLICY I THINK THEY'RE 2998 02:20:08,320 --> 02:20:10,400 IMPLEMENTING IS IT HIT YEAR WHEN 2999 02:20:10,400 --> 02:20:12,880 YOU SEND THEM A CLINICAL TRIAL 3000 02:20:12,880 --> 02:20:16,680 ON A DISEASE THAT 3001 02:20:16,680 --> 02:20:17,280 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED 3002 02:20:17,280 --> 02:20:18,760 CERTAIN POPULATIONS AND HAVE TO 3003 02:20:18,760 --> 02:20:22,560 JUSTIFY WHY YOUR SAMPLE DID NOT 3004 02:20:22,560 --> 02:20:23,560 INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES FROM 3005 02:20:23,560 --> 02:20:28,520 THAT POPULATION AND I SEE A 3006 02:20:28,520 --> 02:20:30,200 TOPIC ON DIABETES OR 3007 02:20:30,200 --> 02:20:30,840 HYPERTENSION OR WHATEVER AND YOU 3008 02:20:30,840 --> 02:20:34,440 LOOK AT THE DIVERSITY OF THEIR 3009 02:20:34,440 --> 02:20:39,600 SAMPLE AND IT'S 85%, 90% WHITE. 3010 02:20:39,600 --> 02:20:42,280 NOW, EVEN DONE IN EUROPE MAYBE 3011 02:20:42,280 --> 02:20:44,280 BUT FINALLY THERE HAVE BEEN SOME 3012 02:20:44,280 --> 02:20:45,680 STANDARDS THE JOURNALS ARE GOING 3013 02:20:45,680 --> 02:20:47,400 TO ENFORCE AND THAT'S GOING TO 3014 02:20:47,400 --> 02:20:50,440 HELP THOUGH IT WON'T BE THE 3015 02:20:50,440 --> 02:20:50,640 FINAL. 3016 02:20:50,640 --> 02:20:54,640 I'LL TAKE A BRIEF COMMENT FROM 3017 02:20:54,640 --> 02:20:56,480 BILL AND WE'LL HAVE TO MOVE ON 3018 02:20:56,480 --> 02:20:57,040 WITH THE SCHEDULE. 3019 02:20:57,040 --> 02:20:58,440 >> THANK YOU, MIKE. 3020 02:20:58,440 --> 02:20:59,240 VERY GOOD PRESENTATION. 3021 02:20:59,240 --> 02:21:03,040 I ENJOYED IT A LOT. 3022 02:21:03,040 --> 02:21:08,000 I JUST WANT TO GET YOUR 3023 02:21:08,000 --> 02:21:08,280 THOUGHTS. 3024 02:21:08,280 --> 02:21:10,000 YOU RAISED TWO POINTS I WANT TO 3025 02:21:10,000 --> 02:21:13,720 GET YOUR THOUGHTS ON AND THAT IS 3026 02:21:13,720 --> 02:21:16,200 HOW VISUAL ABOUT MAKING RECENT 3027 02:21:16,200 --> 02:21:20,680 ADVANCEMENTS MORE ACCESSIBLE. 3028 02:21:20,680 --> 02:21:21,200 AU LE 3029 02:21:21,200 --> 02:21:31,600 YOU ALLUDED TO THAT. 3030 02:21:31,600 --> 02:21:36,480 AND CREDIT TO AUTHORS AND HOW 3031 02:21:36,480 --> 02:21:39,360 THAT ACADEMIC CREDIT BEING 3032 02:21:39,360 --> 02:21:42,000 TRANSLATED TO TENURE COMMITTEES 3033 02:21:42,000 --> 02:21:44,400 AT THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS FOR 3034 02:21:44,400 --> 02:21:46,040 RECOGNITION AND ADVANCEMENT. 3035 02:21:46,040 --> 02:21:48,960 I WANT YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT AND 3036 02:21:48,960 --> 02:21:49,800 WHAT YOU THINK. 3037 02:21:49,800 --> 02:21:51,560 >> YEAH, BILL, THESE ARE GREAT 3038 02:21:51,560 --> 02:21:53,800 QUESTIONS AND I THINK REALLY 3039 02:21:53,800 --> 02:21:54,040 IMPORTANT. 3040 02:21:54,040 --> 02:21:59,400 THE FIRST THING YOU ASKED WAS 3041 02:21:59,400 --> 02:22:09,400 ABOUT ACCESSIBILITY AND THE ONE 3042 02:22:09,400 --> 02:22:12,920 AREA WE FOCUSSED ON IS 3043 02:22:12,920 --> 02:22:13,200 TECHNOLOGY. 3044 02:22:13,200 --> 02:22:14,200 AND THINGS LIKE ARTIFICIAL 3045 02:22:14,200 --> 02:22:16,200 INTELLIGENCE AND TELEHEALTH. 3046 02:22:16,200 --> 02:22:21,800 THE RATIONALE FOR THIS IS THAT 3047 02:22:21,800 --> 02:22:24,560 IF SOMEBODY CAN'T GET IN TO THE 3048 02:22:24,560 --> 02:22:29,000 DOCTOR'S OFFICE MAYBE WE CAN 3049 02:22:29,000 --> 02:22:30,000 CREATE SOMETHING THAT'S WEB 3050 02:22:30,000 --> 02:22:31,560 BASED OR REMOTE OR PARTNER WITH 3051 02:22:31,560 --> 02:22:35,560 A LOCAL DRUG STORE FOR THEM TO 3052 02:22:35,560 --> 02:22:39,400 BE ABLE TO ACCESS HEALTH CARE 3053 02:22:39,400 --> 02:22:45,040 THAT WAY AND IN FACT MAYBE 3054 02:22:45,040 --> 02:22:47,000 THERE'LL BE BENEFITS TO NOT ONLY 3055 02:22:47,000 --> 02:22:49,320 THE PERSON IN URBAN OR RURAL 3056 02:22:49,320 --> 02:22:55,400 AMERICA TO DO THAT BUT MAYBE THE 3057 02:22:55,400 --> 02:22:58,200 BANKER ON FIFTH AVENUE WHO 3058 02:22:58,200 --> 02:22:59,440 DOESN'T WANT TO TRAVEL I CAN DO 3059 02:22:59,440 --> 02:23:01,040 THIS REMOTELY. 3060 02:23:01,040 --> 02:23:02,200 THERE MAY BE BENEFITS FOR THIS 3061 02:23:02,200 --> 02:23:03,960 IN ALL OF AMERICA AND NOT JUST 3062 02:23:03,960 --> 02:23:07,320 THE MEDICALLY UNDER SERVED. 3063 02:23:07,320 --> 02:23:10,000 BILL, IN TERMS OF ACADEMIC 3064 02:23:10,000 --> 02:23:17,520 CREDIT, I TOTALLY, WHAT I HOPE 3065 02:23:17,520 --> 02:23:20,600 IS THAT THE SIMPLE VERSION IS 3066 02:23:20,600 --> 02:23:22,280 THAT WE CAN LET SOMEBODY WRITE A 3067 02:23:22,280 --> 02:23:25,000 PAPER ABOUT A DATA SET AND THEY 3068 02:23:25,000 --> 02:23:27,120 HAVE ANOTHER PAPER ON THEIR C.V. 3069 02:23:27,120 --> 02:23:29,840 IF WHAT MOTIVATES INVESTIGATORS 3070 02:23:29,840 --> 02:23:31,680 IS PUBLISHING THINGS BUT I THINK 3071 02:23:31,680 --> 02:23:34,120 THAT MUCH DEEPER THAN THAT IT'S 3072 02:23:34,120 --> 02:23:36,800 MY HOPE WE CAN CHANGE THE 3073 02:23:36,800 --> 02:23:38,800 CULTURE WHERE WE ARE 3074 02:23:38,800 --> 02:23:39,800 INCENTIVIZING PEOPLE TO SHARE 3075 02:23:39,800 --> 02:23:45,200 WHEREAS I THINK RIGHT NOW WE'VE 3076 02:23:45,200 --> 02:23:47,160 GOT A SYSTEM TO INCENTIVIZE THEM 3077 02:23:47,160 --> 02:23:49,400 NOT TO FAIR BECAUSE IT FAVORS 3078 02:23:49,400 --> 02:23:50,440 FIRST OR SECOND AUTHOR AND IF 3079 02:23:50,440 --> 02:23:53,720 YOU SHARE DATA WITH ME, I CAN 3080 02:23:53,720 --> 02:23:56,840 SCOOP YOU USING YOUR OWN DATA 3081 02:23:56,840 --> 02:23:58,560 AND I FEEL LIKE THAT JUST SORT 3082 02:23:58,560 --> 02:24:01,680 OF -- MY HOPE IS THAT WE DO 3083 02:24:01,680 --> 02:24:05,840 SOMEHOW NEED TO FEED THIS BACK 3084 02:24:05,840 --> 02:24:07,200 TO INSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEES 3085 02:24:07,200 --> 02:24:08,360 EVENTUALLY TO CHANGE WHAT YOU 3086 02:24:08,360 --> 02:24:10,800 VALUE AND I DO HAVE SOME 3087 02:24:10,800 --> 02:24:14,000 THOUGHTS ABOUT THAT BUT 3088 02:24:14,000 --> 02:24:16,440 ULTIMATELY I THINK IT IT REALIZE 3089 02:24:16,440 --> 02:24:19,280 ON US WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY 3090 02:24:19,280 --> 02:24:23,800 TO TRY TO EFFECT CHANGE. 3091 02:24:23,800 --> 02:24:24,560 >> THANK YOU. 3092 02:24:24,560 --> 02:24:25,840 THANK YOU AGAIN FOR YOUR 3093 02:24:25,840 --> 02:24:27,320 QUESTIONS AND MIKE FOR YOUR 3094 02:24:27,320 --> 02:24:27,960 WONDERFUL PRESENTATION AND WE'LL 3095 02:24:27,960 --> 02:24:31,800 LOOK FORWARD TO ENGAGING ONGOING 3096 02:24:31,800 --> 02:24:33,480 ENGAGEMENT WITH NEI. 3097 02:24:33,480 --> 02:24:35,360 SO OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS ONE OF 3098 02:24:35,360 --> 02:24:38,000 OUR COUNCIL MEMBERS YOU'VE 3099 02:24:38,000 --> 02:24:40,400 ALREADY BEEN INTRODUCED, 3100 02:24:40,400 --> 02:24:41,280 KEAWE'AMOKU KAHOLOKULA IS 3101 02:24:41,280 --> 02:24:42,840 PROFESSOR AND CHAIR OF NATIVE 3102 02:24:42,840 --> 02:24:44,600 HAWAIIAN HEALTH AT THE 3103 02:24:44,600 --> 02:24:50,560 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I MANOA AND 3104 02:24:50,560 --> 02:24:51,960 HAS DONE CLINICAL TRANSLATIONAL 3105 02:24:51,960 --> 02:24:54,800 SCIENCE AND LEADS PROJECTS IN 3106 02:24:54,800 --> 02:24:56,640 EXPLAINING, PREVENTING AND 3107 02:24:56,640 --> 02:25:00,760 TREATING METABOLIC CONDITIONS IN 3108 02:25:00,760 --> 02:25:02,760 PACIFIC ISLANDERS AND NATIVE 3109 02:25:02,760 --> 02:25:05,760 HAWAIIANS WHICH IS A POPULATION 3110 02:25:05,760 --> 02:25:07,760 VERY UNDER STUDIED AND SMALL AND 3111 02:25:07,760 --> 02:25:13,040 HAS A HEALTH PROFILE THAT 3112 02:25:13,040 --> 02:25:22,240 COMPARES WITH AMERICAN INDIANS 3113 02:25:22,240 --> 02:25:23,880 AND ALASKAN NATIVES AND 3114 02:25:23,880 --> 02:25:25,000 COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE 3115 02:25:25,000 --> 02:25:27,200 HEALTH OF THESE COMMUNITIES AND 3116 02:25:27,200 --> 02:25:29,080 AS A NATIVE HAWAIIAN HIMSELF 3117 02:25:29,080 --> 02:25:30,000 PASSIONATE ABOUT IMPROVING THE 3118 02:25:30,000 --> 02:25:36,200 HEALTH OF THIS AND MADE A LIFE 3119 02:25:36,200 --> 02:25:42,440 LONG COMMITMENT TO IMPROVING THE 3120 02:25:42,440 --> 02:25:43,720 DISPARITIES OF HEALTH. 3121 02:25:43,720 --> 02:25:49,200 >> MY THOUGHTS AND THE WORK 3122 02:25:49,200 --> 02:25:55,360 BEING DONE BY OUR UNIVERSITY AND 3123 02:25:55,360 --> 02:25:58,400 WHAT I HOPE TO ACCOMPLISH IS TO 3124 02:25:58,400 --> 02:26:03,320 PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE NHPI 3125 02:26:03,320 --> 02:26:06,600 CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS AND 3126 02:26:06,600 --> 02:26:16,200 INDICATORS AND NOINNOVATIONS AND 3127 02:26:16,200 --> 02:26:23,400 INTERVENTIONS AND ADVANCES IN 3128 02:26:23,400 --> 02:26:26,760 INCLUDING NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND 3129 02:26:26,760 --> 02:26:29,520 PACIFIC ISLANDERS. 3130 02:26:29,520 --> 02:26:32,000 NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC 3131 02:26:32,000 --> 02:26:33,960 ISLANDERS ARE A DISTINCT 3132 02:26:33,960 --> 02:26:35,400 CLASSIFICATION AND WE WERE 3133 02:26:35,400 --> 02:26:36,960 AGGREGATED WITH ASIAN 3134 02:26:36,960 --> 02:26:38,400 POPULATIONS PREVIOUSLY WHICH 3135 02:26:38,400 --> 02:26:40,040 DIDN'T SERVE US WELL AND 3136 02:26:40,040 --> 02:26:41,080 CONTINUES NOT TO BECAUSE OLD 3137 02:26:41,080 --> 02:26:43,640 HABITS ARE HARD TO BREAK BUT WE 3138 02:26:43,640 --> 02:26:46,160 ARE A DISTINCT RACIAL ETHNIC 3139 02:26:46,160 --> 02:26:46,920 CLASSIFICATION AND THE CENSUS 3140 02:26:46,920 --> 02:26:52,040 TELLS US WE HAD A 31% INCREASE 3141 02:26:52,040 --> 02:26:55,240 SINCE 2010, 1.6 MILLION DEFINE 3142 02:26:55,240 --> 02:27:02,000 THEM RECEIVED AS NATIVE HAWAIIAN 3143 02:27:02,000 --> 02:27:03,400 AND/OR PACIFIC ISLANDERS SO MAY 3144 02:27:03,400 --> 02:27:06,320 MAKE UP A BIG PART AND WE'RE A 3145 02:27:06,320 --> 02:27:07,080 FAST GROWING POPULATION AND THE 3146 02:27:07,080 --> 02:27:14,800 RIGHT ON THE FIGURE I HAVE THE 3147 02:27:14,800 --> 02:27:19,360 PROJECTED INCREASE FOR NATIVE 3148 02:27:19,360 --> 02:27:21,200 HAWAIIANS AND YOU CAN SEE WE'RE 3149 02:27:21,200 --> 02:27:22,480 EXPECTED TO DOUBLE IN THE NEXT 3150 02:27:22,480 --> 02:27:32,720 FEW DECADES IN OUR POPULATION. 3151 02:27:32,720 --> 02:27:37,360 THEY WERE DECIMATED BY 3152 02:27:37,360 --> 02:27:39,400 INFECTIOUS DISEASES INTRODUCED 3153 02:27:39,400 --> 02:27:43,320 BY MAINLY WESTERN FOREIGNERS 3154 02:27:43,320 --> 02:27:44,600 THAT DROPPED OUR POPULATION 3155 02:27:44,600 --> 02:27:53,600 DROPPING TO BARELY 40,000 AND 3156 02:27:53,600 --> 02:27:55,360 WE'RE ANTICIPATING OUR NUMBERS 3157 02:27:55,360 --> 02:27:59,400 GETTING BACK TO WHERE WE WERE 3158 02:27:59,400 --> 02:28:01,000 FRIAR WESTERN INTRUSION AND I 3159 02:28:01,000 --> 02:28:02,000 EMPHASIZE ARKANSAS BECAUSE 3160 02:28:02,000 --> 02:28:05,640 ARKANSAS HAS A LARGE AND GROWING 3161 02:28:05,640 --> 02:28:08,240 POPULATION AND ALSO A DEDICATED 3162 02:28:08,240 --> 02:28:13,000 GROUP OUT THERE DEDICATED TO 3163 02:28:13,000 --> 02:28:15,480 ADDRESSING THEIR HEALTH NEEDS 3164 02:28:15,480 --> 02:28:17,680 AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN PACIFIC 3165 02:28:17,680 --> 02:28:24,360 ISLANDERS ASPIRE TO CONNECT TO 3166 02:28:24,360 --> 02:28:25,360 THEIR PACIFIC ISLAND HOMES 3167 02:28:25,360 --> 02:28:26,480 REGARDLESS OF WHERE THEY MAYBE 3168 02:28:26,480 --> 02:28:27,320 IN THE UNITED STATES. 3169 02:28:27,320 --> 02:28:31,400 THERE'S SIGNIFICANT HEALTH 3170 02:28:31,400 --> 02:28:35,400 DISPARITIES NHPI FACED AND TOO 3171 02:28:35,400 --> 02:28:38,000 MUCH TO GO THROUGH IN ANY ONE 3172 02:28:38,000 --> 02:28:39,400 SINGLE PRESENTATION I'LL 3173 02:28:39,400 --> 02:28:41,000 HIGHLIGHT A FEW OF THE KEY 3174 02:28:41,000 --> 02:28:41,800 HEALTH INDICATORS ON THE LEFT 3175 02:28:41,800 --> 02:28:44,880 WITH THE TABLE TO SHOW COMPARED 3176 02:28:44,880 --> 02:28:46,800 TO NON-HISPANIC WHITES THE LEVEL 3177 02:28:46,800 --> 02:28:53,480 AND DEGREE OF RISK FOR MAJOR 3178 02:28:53,480 --> 02:28:55,360 HEALTH CONDITIONS AND OBESITY 3179 02:28:55,360 --> 02:28:59,720 AND HYPERTENSION AND NATIVE 3180 02:28:59,720 --> 02:29:01,280 HAWAIIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDERSES 3181 02:29:01,280 --> 02:29:04,400 GET A CHRONIC DISEASE 10 YEARS 3182 02:29:04,400 --> 02:29:06,240 YOUNGER THAN OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS 3183 02:29:06,240 --> 02:29:08,520 AND DIE A WHOLE DECADE SOONER. 3184 02:29:08,520 --> 02:29:11,200 OUR LIFE EXPECTANCY IS A DECADE 3185 02:29:11,200 --> 02:29:14,040 SOONER THAN OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS. 3186 02:29:14,040 --> 02:29:18,480 22% COMPARED TO 10% OF 3187 02:29:18,480 --> 02:29:27,440 NON-HISPANIC WHITES AND 22% OF 3188 02:29:27,440 --> 02:29:31,320 NHPIs HAVE CHRONIC CONDITIONS. 3189 02:29:31,320 --> 02:29:37,000 75% OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN ADULTS 3190 02:29:37,000 --> 02:29:40,680 BECAUSE THERE'S NOT RESEARCH 3191 02:29:40,680 --> 02:29:42,000 SIMPLY BECAUSE THERE'S MORE 3192 02:29:42,000 --> 02:29:42,840 INVESTIGATORS AND FROM THE 3193 02:29:42,840 --> 02:29:45,400 NATIVE HAWAIIAN RESEARCH WE SEE 3194 02:29:45,400 --> 02:29:47,400 75% OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN ADULTS 3195 02:29:47,400 --> 02:29:50,400 REPORT ONE OR MORE ADVERSE 3196 02:29:50,400 --> 02:29:52,480 CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE ON AVERAGE 3197 02:29:52,480 --> 02:29:54,880 GREATER THAN OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS 3198 02:29:54,880 --> 02:29:57,600 AND HAVE POPULATIONS UNDER 3199 02:29:57,600 --> 02:30:04,000 INSURED OR IN INSURE AND 15% 3200 02:30:04,000 --> 02:30:07,360 LIVE IN EXTREME POVERTY AND 75% 3201 02:30:07,360 --> 02:30:14,040 OF OUR HOUSELESS POPULATION ARE 3202 02:30:14,040 --> 02:30:15,600 NATIVE HAWAIIAN, PACIFIC 3203 02:30:15,600 --> 02:30:17,400 ISLANDERS AND WE CHARACTERIZE 3204 02:30:17,400 --> 02:30:19,400 OUR POPULATIONS BASED ON 3205 02:30:19,400 --> 02:30:21,680 COMPARISON TO OTHER ETHNIC 3206 02:30:21,680 --> 02:30:25,080 GROUPS AND WE NEED TO ESTABLISH 3207 02:30:25,080 --> 02:30:26,680 THE DISPARITIES AND INEQUITIES 3208 02:30:26,680 --> 02:30:29,920 BUT THERE'S VALUE TO LEARN ABOUT 3209 02:30:29,920 --> 02:30:31,920 AND THOUGH 19% OF NATIVE 3210 02:30:31,920 --> 02:30:35,200 HAWAIIAN AT RISK FOR DIABETES, 3211 02:30:35,200 --> 02:30:37,280 THE OTHER 20% DO NOT HAVE 3212 02:30:37,280 --> 02:30:37,640 DIABETES. 3213 02:30:37,640 --> 02:30:41,160 WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THAT SUB 3214 02:30:41,160 --> 02:30:42,560 POPULATION THAT CAN INFORM 3215 02:30:42,560 --> 02:30:45,680 INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES TO 3216 02:30:45,680 --> 02:30:46,960 PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELL BEING IN 3217 02:30:46,960 --> 02:30:48,960 OUR COMMUNITIES AND MANY YEARS 3218 02:30:48,960 --> 02:30:50,520 AGO I LOOKED AT IN GROUP 3219 02:30:50,520 --> 02:30:51,680 DIFFERENCES AND THE RISK FOR 3220 02:30:51,680 --> 02:30:53,680 DIABETES AFTER CONTROLLING OR 3221 02:30:53,680 --> 02:30:56,080 ACCOUNTING FOR KNOWN RISK 3222 02:30:56,080 --> 02:30:57,640 FACTORS WHETHER THEY'RE 3223 02:30:57,640 --> 02:30:58,480 DEMOGRAPHIC OR SOCIAL 3224 02:30:58,480 --> 02:31:00,040 DEMOGRAPHIC OR BIOLOGICAL RISK 3225 02:31:00,040 --> 02:31:00,520 FACTORS. 3226 02:31:00,520 --> 02:31:06,120 YOU CAN SEE HERE PRESENTING THIS 3227 02:31:06,120 --> 02:31:06,400 W 3228 02:31:06,400 --> 02:31:09,400 ONE STUDY THE RISK FOR DIABETES 3229 02:31:09,400 --> 02:31:11,360 AND THE ASSOCIATION CALLED 3230 02:31:11,360 --> 02:31:14,440 ACCULTERATION STUDIES AND THE 3231 02:31:14,440 --> 02:31:15,200 DEGREE OF WHETHER NATIVE 3232 02:31:15,200 --> 02:31:24,800 HAWAIIAN AND THE INTEGRATED IS 3233 02:31:24,800 --> 02:31:26,560 BICULTU 3234 02:31:26,560 --> 02:31:32,040 BICULTURAL AND WE LOW IDENTITY 3235 02:31:32,040 --> 02:31:34,480 OR AFFILIATION WITH THE 3236 02:31:34,480 --> 02:31:35,320 MAINSTREAM ASSIMILATED AS THE 3237 02:31:35,320 --> 02:31:37,600 OPPOSITE OF THAT, HIGH WITH THE 3238 02:31:37,600 --> 02:31:38,400 MAINSTREAM AND FOR WHATEVER 3239 02:31:38,400 --> 02:31:40,040 REASON ABANDON ORDER NO LONGER 3240 02:31:40,040 --> 02:31:42,280 HIGHLY AFFILIATE WITH THEIR 3241 02:31:42,280 --> 02:31:43,200 ETHNIC CULTURAL GROUP AND 3242 02:31:43,200 --> 02:31:47,560 MARGINALIZED IS LOW ON BOTH. 3243 02:31:47,560 --> 02:31:51,000 THIS STUDY HERE WE'RE INTERESTED 3244 02:31:51,000 --> 02:31:51,680 IN LOOKING AT WHETHER OR NOT 3245 02:31:51,680 --> 02:31:53,000 DIABETES RISK COULD BE SOMEWHAT 3246 02:31:53,000 --> 02:31:56,480 EXPLAINED BY DIFFERENCES IN 3247 02:31:56,480 --> 02:32:03,360 THEIR ACCULTERATION STRATEGIES 3248 02:32:03,360 --> 02:32:06,000 AT THE TIME AND WE FOUND LARGE 3249 02:32:06,000 --> 02:32:06,320 DIFFERENCES. 3250 02:32:06,320 --> 02:32:11,000 THE OVERALL PREVALENCE OF 3251 02:32:11,000 --> 02:32:13,320 DIABETES IN NATIVE HAWAIIANS IS 3252 02:32:13,320 --> 02:32:15,040 19.2% BUT WHEN YOU BREAK THEM 3253 02:32:15,040 --> 02:32:17,320 DOWN ACROSS THE FOUR GROUPS YOU 3254 02:32:17,320 --> 02:32:18,200 SEE VERY LARGE DIFFERENCES IN 3255 02:32:18,200 --> 02:32:19,400 THE RISK FOR DIABETES. 3256 02:32:19,400 --> 02:32:21,360 THESE ARE CONFIRMED CASES, BY 3257 02:32:21,360 --> 02:32:23,400 THE WAY, THEY'RE NOT BASED ON 3258 02:32:23,400 --> 02:32:26,120 SELF-REPORT AND ADJUSTED FOR 3259 02:32:26,120 --> 02:32:27,680 AGE, EDUCATION. 3260 02:32:27,680 --> 02:32:30,560 BMI WAS PRETTY MUCH THE SAME 3261 02:32:30,560 --> 02:32:32,040 ACROSS GROUPS. 3262 02:32:32,040 --> 02:32:35,400 HAWAIIAN A MIXED GROUP IN 3263 02:32:35,400 --> 02:32:38,040 ANCESTRY OF MIXED RACE GIVEN OUR 3264 02:32:38,040 --> 02:32:39,960 HISTORY WITH OTHER GROUPS SO WE 3265 02:32:39,960 --> 02:32:40,920 ADJUSTED FOR THAT. 3266 02:32:40,920 --> 02:32:43,280 BY THE WAY, THERE WAS NO 3267 02:32:43,280 --> 02:32:43,960 SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 3268 02:32:43,960 --> 02:32:45,880 DEGREE OF HAWAIIAN ANCESTRY AND 3269 02:32:45,880 --> 02:32:49,600 THEIR IDENTITY SCORES FOR THEIR 3270 02:32:49,600 --> 02:32:51,120 NATIVE SCORES. 3271 02:32:51,120 --> 02:32:54,080 WE CONTROLLED FOR TRIGLYCERIDES 3272 02:32:54,080 --> 02:32:57,200 AS A MEASURE OF DIET AND INSULIN 3273 02:32:57,200 --> 02:32:58,960 AND WE CONTINUE TO SEE A STRONG 3274 02:32:58,960 --> 02:33:02,000 ASSOCIATION AND YOU CAN SEE 3275 02:33:02,000 --> 02:33:03,160 THOSE MORE EXCLUSIVELY 3276 02:33:03,160 --> 02:33:07,320 IDENTIFYING WITH NATIVE HAWAIIAN 3277 02:33:07,320 --> 02:33:09,600 HERITAGE HAD ALMOST A 30% HIGHER 3278 02:33:09,600 --> 02:33:10,480 PREVALENCE OF DIABETES COMPARED 3279 02:33:10,480 --> 02:33:12,640 TO THE INTEGRATED OR THE TWO 3280 02:33:12,640 --> 02:33:15,240 LARGEST GROUPS WE CAN MAKE GOOD 3281 02:33:15,240 --> 02:33:16,640 SENSE OF INTEGRATE AND 3282 02:33:16,640 --> 02:33:17,360 TRADITIONAL. 3283 02:33:17,360 --> 02:33:20,480 WHAT IT SUGGESTS IS THIS LARGE 3284 02:33:20,480 --> 02:33:21,600 WITHIN GROUP DIFFERENCES AND WE 3285 02:33:21,600 --> 02:33:23,200 NEED TO LOOK AT THESE BECAUSE 3286 02:33:23,200 --> 02:33:24,480 THEY'RE NOT NECESSARILY RELATED 3287 02:33:24,480 --> 02:33:28,200 TO 3288 02:33:28,200 --> 02:33:30,960 THEY ARE TIED TO THE SOCIAL AND 3289 02:33:30,960 --> 02:33:33,000 CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. 3290 02:33:33,000 --> 02:33:34,960 I WANT TO EMPHASIZE IT'S NOT THE 3291 02:33:34,960 --> 02:33:36,720 IDENTITY THAT'S REALLY THE 3292 02:33:36,720 --> 02:33:38,000 CAUSAL FACTOR HERE. 3293 02:33:38,000 --> 02:33:39,840 IT'S SIMPLY AN ASSOCIATION 3294 02:33:39,840 --> 02:33:41,600 BECAUSE AS WE DIVE DEEPER INTO 3295 02:33:41,600 --> 02:33:43,680 UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS IT ABOUT 3296 02:33:43,680 --> 02:33:47,080 THE ACCULTURATION MODES AND 3297 02:33:47,080 --> 02:33:49,520 HAVING EXCLUSIVE STRONG HAWAIIAN 3298 02:33:49,520 --> 02:33:51,560 IDENTITIES WE FOUND IT WAS 3299 02:33:51,560 --> 02:33:52,800 EXPERIENCED WITH RACISM, 3300 02:33:52,800 --> 02:33:53,560 INTERPERSONAL RACISM BEING 3301 02:33:53,560 --> 02:33:54,560 REPORTED. 3302 02:33:54,560 --> 02:33:57,360 THOSE WITH A STRONGER NATIVE 3303 02:33:57,360 --> 02:33:59,440 HAWAIIAN IDENTITY REPORTED 3304 02:33:59,440 --> 02:34:06,400 GREATER EXPERIENCE OF 3305 02:34:06,400 --> 02:34:10,280 INTERPERSONAL RACISM. 3306 02:34:10,280 --> 02:34:15,080 MY POSTDOCS AND PRE-DOCSES 3307 02:34:15,080 --> 02:34:16,160 LOOKED AS RACISM, BASICALLY 3308 02:34:16,160 --> 02:34:17,120 CONSISTENT WITH WHAT WE'RE 3309 02:34:17,120 --> 02:34:18,200 FINDING IN NATIVE HAWAIIANS. 3310 02:34:18,200 --> 02:34:20,640 WHAT ARE WE FINDING? 3311 02:34:20,640 --> 02:34:23,680 THERE'S A STRONG ASSOCIATION 3312 02:34:23,680 --> 02:34:27,640 BETWEEN INTERPERSONAL RACISM AND 3313 02:34:27,640 --> 02:34:29,040 LOWER CORTISOL LEVELS. 3314 02:34:29,040 --> 02:34:32,120 NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION, THE MORE 3315 02:34:32,120 --> 02:34:33,760 RACISM WE'RE SEEING LOWER 3316 02:34:33,760 --> 02:34:34,960 CORTISOL PRODUCTION THROUGHOUT 3317 02:34:34,960 --> 02:34:38,920 THE DAY, A LOT OF OTHER PEOPLE 3318 02:34:38,920 --> 02:34:43,840 CALL THIS HYPERCORTISOLLISM, A 3319 02:34:43,840 --> 02:34:45,200 BLUNTED OR FLATTENED, CHRONIC 3320 02:34:45,200 --> 02:34:46,800 STRESS CORTISOL GOES UP, 3321 02:34:46,800 --> 02:34:48,400 PREPARES THE BODY FOR FIGHT OR 3322 02:34:48,400 --> 02:34:50,200 FLIGHT RESPONSE. 3323 02:34:50,200 --> 02:34:52,280 WITH CHRONIC STRESSORS MAY BE 3324 02:34:52,280 --> 02:34:53,200 SEEING THE OPPOSITE PATTERN IN 3325 02:34:53,200 --> 02:34:53,880 NATIVE HAWAIIANS. 3326 02:34:53,880 --> 02:34:56,840 THE OTHER THING IS RACISM IS 3327 02:34:56,840 --> 02:34:58,240 ASSOCIATED WITH RISK FOR 3328 02:34:58,240 --> 02:34:59,120 HYPERTENSION, HIGH BLOOD 3329 02:34:59,120 --> 02:35:02,400 PRESSURE, SIMILAR TO WHAT WE SEE 3330 02:35:02,400 --> 02:35:03,520 IN OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS ACROSS 3331 02:35:03,520 --> 02:35:04,600 THE U.S. 3332 02:35:04,600 --> 02:35:08,000 ALSO A RISK FACTOR FOR OBESITY, 3333 02:35:08,000 --> 02:35:09,000 AND GREATER PSYCHOLOGICAL 3334 02:35:09,000 --> 02:35:09,800 DISTRESS. 3335 02:35:09,800 --> 02:35:13,400 ONE OF MY MENTEES, WHEN SHE WAS 3336 02:35:13,400 --> 02:35:15,720 A GRADUATE, DOCTORAL STUDENT, 3337 02:35:15,720 --> 02:35:18,000 DID A DISSERTATION LOOKING AT 3338 02:35:18,000 --> 02:35:18,800 CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIVITY AND 3339 02:35:18,800 --> 02:35:22,600 RECOVERY IN RESPONSE TO RACIAL 3340 02:35:22,600 --> 02:35:23,720 STRESSORS, FOUND EARLY 3341 02:35:23,720 --> 02:35:25,680 INTERESTING RESULTS. 3342 02:35:25,680 --> 02:35:32,360 SHE FOUND GREATER CARDIOVASCULAR 3343 02:35:32,360 --> 02:35:33,480 ACTIVITY, INCOMPLETE RECOVERY, 3344 02:35:33,480 --> 02:35:34,760 CONSISTENT WITH OTHER 3345 02:35:34,760 --> 02:35:35,080 POPULATIONS. 3346 02:35:35,080 --> 02:35:38,560 IT WAS THE SUBTLE RACIAL 3347 02:35:38,560 --> 02:35:39,200 STRESSOR, MORE AMBIVALENT 3348 02:35:39,200 --> 02:35:42,200 STRESSOR, THAT WAS CONCERNING 3349 02:35:42,200 --> 02:35:44,440 AND PROBLEMATIC OVER THE BLATANT 3350 02:35:44,440 --> 02:35:45,360 STRESSOR. 3351 02:35:45,360 --> 02:35:49,600 SHE DID A NUMBER OF SOCIAL 3352 02:35:49,600 --> 02:35:50,800 PSYCHOLOGY STRATEGIES TO ENSURE, 3353 02:35:50,800 --> 02:35:53,840 SHE ALSO DID A NEUTRAL STIMULI 3354 02:35:53,840 --> 02:35:56,200 THAT SHE INCLUDED. 3355 02:35:56,200 --> 02:35:58,120 SHE DID EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. 3356 02:35:58,120 --> 02:36:00,000 WITHOUT GOING INTO IT, WE'RE 3357 02:36:00,000 --> 02:36:04,720 FINDING THE SUBTLE RACISM PUTS A 3358 02:36:04,720 --> 02:36:05,880 GREATER STRESS ON PARTICIPANTS. 3359 02:36:05,880 --> 02:36:07,440 IF YOU CAN'T MAKE SENSE OF 3360 02:36:07,440 --> 02:36:09,040 SOMETHING, YOU SPEND MORE 3361 02:36:09,040 --> 02:36:09,960 COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ENERGY 3362 02:36:09,960 --> 02:36:12,440 TRYING TO FIGURE IT OUT, MORE 3363 02:36:12,440 --> 02:36:13,440 FRUSTRATION. 3364 02:36:13,440 --> 02:36:15,120 PERHAPS WHEN SOMETHING IS 3365 02:36:15,120 --> 02:36:18,040 BLATANT, YOU CAN BETTER DEAL 3366 02:36:18,040 --> 02:36:20,800 WITH IT PERHAPS, IF YOU 3367 02:36:20,800 --> 02:36:22,200 EXPERIENCE -- IF IT'S CLEAR 3368 02:36:22,200 --> 02:36:23,200 RACIST INTERACTION, YOU CAN 3369 02:36:23,200 --> 02:36:24,720 AVOID THAT SETTING IN THE 3370 02:36:24,720 --> 02:36:27,160 FUTURE, IF YOU CAN, PERHAPS WITH 3371 02:36:27,160 --> 02:36:29,120 SUBTLE, IT JUST WEIGHS ON YOU. 3372 02:36:29,120 --> 02:36:32,160 THE OTHER THING WE'RE FINDING 3373 02:36:32,160 --> 02:36:34,800 THIS TREMENDOUS HISTORICAL 3374 02:36:34,800 --> 02:36:36,200 DISTRUST TOWARDS WESTERN 3375 02:36:36,200 --> 02:36:37,320 INSTITUTIONS TO INCLUDE MEDICINE 3376 02:36:37,320 --> 02:36:42,360 AND TRUST BECAUSE OF HISTORIC 3377 02:36:42,360 --> 02:36:43,440 TRANSGRESSIONS HAS BEEN 3378 02:36:43,440 --> 02:36:48,960 EXACERBATED DURING THE COVID-19 3379 02:36:48,960 --> 02:36:49,600 PANDEMIC SEEING RESISTANCE AMONG 3380 02:36:49,600 --> 02:36:52,280 NATIVE HAWAIIAN P.I.s TO THE 3381 02:36:52,280 --> 02:36:53,840 VACCINE, BEING VACCINATED, THE 3382 02:36:53,840 --> 02:36:54,920 TREMENDOUS MISTRUST TOWARDS 3383 02:36:54,920 --> 02:36:55,360 GOVERNMENT. 3384 02:36:55,360 --> 02:36:56,920 WE'RE STARTING TO SEE IN 3385 02:36:56,920 --> 02:36:59,600 RESEARCH COMING OUT WITH PACIFIC 3386 02:36:59,600 --> 02:37:00,640 ISLANDERS FROM THE MICRONESIA 3387 02:37:00,640 --> 02:37:01,800 REGION, ONE OF THE FASTEST 3388 02:37:01,800 --> 02:37:03,200 GROWING GROUPS IN THE UNITED 3389 02:37:03,200 --> 02:37:05,560 STATES, WHICH WE'RE SEEING 3390 02:37:05,560 --> 02:37:09,080 SIMILAR ISSUES IN REGARDS TO 3391 02:37:09,080 --> 02:37:10,200 OPPRESSION AND RACIAL 3392 02:37:10,200 --> 02:37:10,800 DISCRIMINATION. 3393 02:37:10,800 --> 02:37:14,880 TO CLOSE OFF THIS SECTION OF MY 3394 02:37:14,880 --> 02:37:15,640 TALK HIGHLIGHTING KEY 3395 02:37:15,640 --> 02:37:16,720 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. 3396 02:37:16,720 --> 02:37:18,080 THESE ARE THE BIG ONES THAT 3397 02:37:18,080 --> 02:37:20,800 THROUGH ALL OF OUR FOCUS GROUPS 3398 02:37:20,800 --> 02:37:22,000 AND STUDIES OVER THE YEARS 3399 02:37:22,000 --> 02:37:24,720 COMING OUT AS KEY FACTORS AT 3400 02:37:24,720 --> 02:37:27,000 THIS DIFFERENT LEVEL OVER THE 3401 02:37:27,000 --> 02:37:28,120 LIFESPAN AFFECTING THE HEALTH, 3402 02:37:28,120 --> 02:37:30,400 GOOD OR BAD, THE HEALTH OF 3403 02:37:30,400 --> 02:37:32,000 NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC 3404 02:37:32,000 --> 02:37:32,240 ISLANDERS. 3405 02:37:32,240 --> 02:37:34,880 THE KEY ONES ARE HISTORICAL 3406 02:37:34,880 --> 02:37:35,120 TRAUMA. 3407 02:37:35,120 --> 02:37:45,200 LIKE AMERICAN INDIANS/ALASKA 3408 02:37:45,200 --> 02:37:46,520 NATIVES, A CONCERNING HISTORY 3409 02:37:46,520 --> 02:37:47,400 THAT LED TO SIGNIFICANT 3410 02:37:47,400 --> 02:37:49,280 DISADVANTAGE AND LOSS OF OUR 3411 02:37:49,280 --> 02:37:51,120 GOVERNMENT AND OUR KINGDOM. 3412 02:37:51,120 --> 02:37:51,880 THERE'S A SELF-DETERMINATION 3413 02:37:51,880 --> 02:37:54,600 BECAUSE OF THAT THAT IS STILL 3414 02:37:54,600 --> 02:38:09,520 SOUGHT BY NATIVE HAWAIIANS 3415 02:38:09,520 --> 02:38:11,880 SIMILAR TO NATIVE AMERICANS. 3416 02:38:11,880 --> 02:38:14,440 THEY ARE REVITALIZING CULTURAL 3417 02:38:14,440 --> 02:38:16,840 PRACTICES ONCE EITHER OUTLAWED 3418 02:38:16,840 --> 02:38:19,240 FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS OR 3419 02:38:19,240 --> 02:38:20,520 DISMISSED, REGAINED AND 3420 02:38:20,520 --> 02:38:21,600 LEVERAGING THAT FOR HEALTH 3421 02:38:21,600 --> 02:38:22,040 PROMOTION. 3422 02:38:22,040 --> 02:38:23,800 WE CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE HIGH 3423 02:38:23,800 --> 02:38:24,960 LEVELS OF DISCRIMINATION EVEN 3424 02:38:24,960 --> 02:38:26,920 HERE IN HAWAII WHERE THERE'S THE 3425 02:38:26,920 --> 02:38:31,280 PERCEPTION OF US BEING AN ETHNIC 3426 02:38:31,280 --> 02:38:33,920 PARADISE BECAUSE WE'RE SO 3427 02:38:33,920 --> 02:38:34,160 DIVERSE. 3428 02:38:34,160 --> 02:38:36,000 THERE'S STILL DISCRIMINATION AND 3429 02:38:36,000 --> 02:38:38,000 RACISM. 3430 02:38:38,000 --> 02:38:39,720 OUR PEOPLE LIVE IN OBESOGENIC 3431 02:38:39,720 --> 02:38:41,160 ENVIRONMENTS WITH LESS 3432 02:38:41,160 --> 02:38:42,200 OPPORTUNITY FOR PHYSICAL 3433 02:38:42,200 --> 02:38:45,280 ACTIVITY, MORE FAST FOOD 3434 02:38:45,280 --> 02:38:46,600 ESTABLISHMENTS, AND ISSUES, 3435 02:38:46,600 --> 02:38:49,880 ACCESS ISSUES TO FRESH FRUITS 3436 02:38:49,880 --> 02:38:53,080 AND VEGETABLES AND LIVE IN MORE 3437 02:38:53,080 --> 02:38:53,800 TOXIC ENVIRONMENTS WITH 3438 02:38:53,800 --> 02:38:55,680 INDUSTRIES AND COMPANIES THAT 3439 02:38:55,680 --> 02:38:57,560 ARE OPERATING IN THESE AREAS 3440 02:38:57,560 --> 02:38:59,000 THAT PRODUCE TOXINS INTO THE 3441 02:38:59,000 --> 02:39:01,040 ENVIRONMENTS, AS WELL AS 3442 02:39:01,040 --> 02:39:02,040 OVERCROWDED ENVIRONMENTS. 3443 02:39:02,040 --> 02:39:03,880 FOOD INSECURITY CONTINUES TO BE 3444 02:39:03,880 --> 02:39:07,280 A MAJOR ISSUE FOR NATIVE 3445 02:39:07,280 --> 02:39:08,000 HAWAIIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDERS, 3446 02:39:08,000 --> 02:39:09,800 WE'RE THE GROUP WITH THE 3447 02:39:09,800 --> 02:39:13,920 GREATEST FUTURE INSECURITY, LACK 3448 02:39:13,920 --> 02:39:18,240 OF LIVABLE WAGES, INADEQUATE 3449 02:39:18,240 --> 02:39:19,080 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, LOW 3450 02:39:19,080 --> 02:39:20,280 HEALTH CARE ACCESS, SO FORTH. 3451 02:39:20,280 --> 02:39:22,880 THERE'S A LOT OF GREAT NEWS, ONE 3452 02:39:22,880 --> 02:39:23,960 IS OUR POPULATIONS ARE 3453 02:39:23,960 --> 02:39:27,600 INCREASING AND GETTING BACK TO 3454 02:39:27,600 --> 02:39:29,560 WHAT WE SAW PRIOR TO 3455 02:39:29,560 --> 02:39:31,760 INTRODUCTION TO THE WESTERN 3456 02:39:31,760 --> 02:39:32,040 WORLD. 3457 02:39:32,040 --> 02:39:33,880 BUT OUR GROUPS CONTINUE TO 3458 02:39:33,880 --> 02:39:35,680 MAINTAIN, AS I POINTED OUT 3459 02:39:35,680 --> 02:39:38,600 EARLIER, STRONG CULTURAL VALUES 3460 02:39:38,600 --> 02:39:40,040 AND PRACTICES, MAINLY CENTERING 3461 02:39:40,040 --> 02:39:42,440 AROUND FAMILY AND COMMUNITY 3462 02:39:42,440 --> 02:39:44,080 COHESION, INTERDEPENDENCE. 3463 02:39:44,080 --> 02:39:45,880 THERE'S A STRONG ANCESTRAL 3464 02:39:45,880 --> 02:39:47,360 FIDELITY, LOOKING BACK TO THE 3465 02:39:47,360 --> 02:39:48,640 LESSONS AND TEACHINGS OF OUR 3466 02:39:48,640 --> 02:39:52,480 ANCESTORS AND HOW DO WE APPLY 3467 02:39:52,480 --> 02:39:53,280 THEM TODAY. 3468 02:39:53,280 --> 02:39:55,000 THERE'S STRONG DESIRE TO 3469 02:39:55,000 --> 02:39:56,320 MAINTAIN HARMONY WITHIN OUR 3470 02:39:56,320 --> 02:39:58,200 COMMUNITIES, WITHIN OUR 3471 02:39:58,200 --> 02:40:00,280 FAMILIES, ALSO WITH NATURE AND 3472 02:40:00,280 --> 02:40:01,160 OTHER SURROUNDING. 3473 02:40:01,160 --> 02:40:02,920 THERE'S A STRONG SPIRITUAL AND 3474 02:40:02,920 --> 02:40:04,120 RELIGIOUS CONVICTION THAT 3475 02:40:04,120 --> 02:40:05,680 CONTINUES TO THIS DAY FOR NATIVE 3476 02:40:05,680 --> 02:40:07,400 HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS. 3477 02:40:07,400 --> 02:40:10,000 AGAIN, AS I POINTED OUT, 3478 02:40:10,000 --> 02:40:12,080 ASPIRATION TO MAINTAIN THESE 3479 02:40:12,080 --> 02:40:13,040 CULTURAL CONNECTIONS. 3480 02:40:13,040 --> 02:40:16,440 THE IDEA IS HOW CAN WE TAKE -- 3481 02:40:16,440 --> 02:40:17,600 LEVERAGE THE STRENGTHS OF THE 3482 02:40:17,600 --> 02:40:18,840 NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC 3483 02:40:18,840 --> 02:40:21,600 ISLANDERS TO ADDRESS THE MOST 3484 02:40:21,600 --> 02:40:30,360 PRESSING HEALTH CONCERNS? 3485 02:40:30,360 --> 02:40:33,320 SO FOR ME BEGINNING WHEN I FIRST 3486 02:40:33,320 --> 02:40:33,960 STARTED AS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 3487 02:40:33,960 --> 02:40:38,000 AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL IN THE 3488 02:40:38,000 --> 02:40:39,680 EARLY 2000s, THERE WAS AN 3489 02:40:39,680 --> 02:40:45,320 OPPORTUNITY FOR US TO GET 3490 02:40:45,320 --> 02:40:47,520 INVOLVED WITH NIMHD PROGRAM 3491 02:40:47,520 --> 02:40:50,600 UNDER DR. RUFFIN, 11 YEARS OF 3492 02:40:50,600 --> 02:40:53,080 FUNDING ESSENTIALLY TO BUILD A 3493 02:40:53,080 --> 02:40:54,840 CBPR PARTNERSHIP AND ADDRESS A 3494 02:40:54,840 --> 02:40:55,720 MAJOR CONCERN FROM THE 3495 02:40:55,720 --> 02:40:56,600 COMMUNITIES. 3496 02:40:56,600 --> 02:40:58,200 SO WE WERE FORTUNATE TO TAKE 3497 02:40:58,200 --> 02:41:02,800 ADVANTAGE OF THAT. 3498 02:41:02,800 --> 02:41:06,520 IT WAS CALLED THE P E LA OHANA, 3499 02:41:06,520 --> 02:41:10,360 IT MEANS FAMILIES AND 3500 02:41:10,360 --> 02:41:13,920 COMMUNITIES JOINING TOGETHER, 3501 02:41:13,920 --> 02:41:16,840 PILI OHANA, PARTNERSHIPS TO 3502 02:41:16,840 --> 02:41:17,520 IMPROVE LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS, 3503 02:41:17,520 --> 02:41:18,840 11 YEARS OF PARTNERSHIP, THREE 3504 02:41:18,840 --> 02:41:22,360 YEARS OF PLANNING, FIVE YEARS OF 3505 02:41:22,360 --> 02:41:23,560 INTERVENTION, THREE YEARS TO 3506 02:41:23,560 --> 02:41:24,080 DISSEMINATE. 3507 02:41:24,080 --> 02:41:28,880 OVER THE COURSE OF THE 11 YEARS 3508 02:41:28,880 --> 02:41:30,760 SUPPORTED BY WHAT WAS THE 3509 02:41:30,760 --> 02:41:32,200 NATIONAL CENTER OF MINORITY 3510 02:41:32,200 --> 02:41:33,400 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES, 3511 02:41:33,400 --> 02:41:35,240 DURING THIS COURSE OF TIME 3512 02:41:35,240 --> 02:41:36,360 BECAME AN INSTITUTE. 3513 02:41:36,360 --> 02:41:39,400 WE WERE ABLE TO DEVELOP THREE 3514 02:41:39,400 --> 02:41:40,160 CULTURAL INFORMED INTERVENTIONS 3515 02:41:40,160 --> 02:41:44,400 TO ADDRESS OBESITY AND 3516 02:41:44,400 --> 02:41:47,040 OBESITY-RELATED INEQUITIES IN 3517 02:41:47,040 --> 02:41:48,120 OUR COMMUNITIES, WITH THE STRONG 3518 02:41:48,120 --> 02:41:51,840 PARTICIPATION AS YOU CAN SEE BY 3519 02:41:51,840 --> 02:41:54,360 LEADERS FROM FIVE DIFFERENT 3520 02:41:54,360 --> 02:41:56,160 NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC 3521 02:41:56,160 --> 02:41:57,200 ISLANDER COMMUNITIES. 3522 02:41:57,200 --> 02:42:00,560 WE WERE ABLE TO ADAPT THE 3523 02:42:00,560 --> 02:42:01,880 LIFESTYLE PROGRAM FOR NATIVE 3524 02:42:01,880 --> 02:42:03,600 HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS. 3525 02:42:03,600 --> 02:42:06,200 AND MODIFY IT FROM A 16 -- I 3526 02:42:06,200 --> 02:42:08,120 BELIEVE 16 LESSONS TO 8 LESSONS 3527 02:42:08,120 --> 02:42:09,480 DELIVERED OVER THREE MONTHS. 3528 02:42:09,480 --> 02:42:11,800 WE DEVELOPED A NOVEL FAMILY AND 3529 02:42:11,800 --> 02:42:14,040 COMMUNITY FOCUSED WEIGHT LOSS 3530 02:42:14,040 --> 02:42:17,960 MAINTENANCE INTERVENTION, 3531 02:42:17,960 --> 02:42:19,120 COMBINED WITH ADAPTED DPPP PILI 3532 02:42:19,120 --> 02:42:20,040 LIFESTYLE PROGRAM. 3533 02:42:20,040 --> 02:42:22,600 WHAT WE LEARNED FROM TALKING 3534 02:42:22,600 --> 02:42:24,000 WITH OUR COMMUNITIES AND 3535 02:42:24,000 --> 02:42:24,640 RESEARCH THE HARDEST THING 3536 02:42:24,640 --> 02:42:27,600 ABOUT, YOU KNOW, WEIGHT LOSS IS 3537 02:42:27,600 --> 02:42:27,920 DIFFICULT. 3538 02:42:27,920 --> 02:42:29,360 IT'S EVEN MORE DIFFICULT FOR 3539 02:42:29,360 --> 02:42:31,600 PEOPLE TO MAINTAIN THAT WEIGHT 3540 02:42:31,600 --> 02:42:33,040 LOSS OVER TIME. 3541 02:42:33,040 --> 02:42:34,120 AND OUR COMMUNITIES FELT 3542 02:42:34,120 --> 02:42:36,120 STRONGLY THE WAY TO HELP OUR 3543 02:42:36,120 --> 02:42:37,760 COMMUNITIES TO MAINTAIN THEIR 3544 02:42:37,760 --> 02:42:39,560 WEIGHT LOSS AND CONTINUE THEIR 3545 02:42:39,560 --> 02:42:42,160 WEIGHT LOSS SUCCESS IS TO REALLY 3546 02:42:42,160 --> 02:42:43,600 ENGAGE THE FAMILIES AND 3547 02:42:43,600 --> 02:42:44,560 COMMUNITY RESOURCES IN A 3548 02:42:44,560 --> 02:42:45,600 MEANINGFUL WAY. 3549 02:42:45,600 --> 02:42:47,280 SO WE DESIGNED A NOVEL 3550 02:42:47,280 --> 02:42:48,920 INTERVENTION AROUND THAT TO BE 3551 02:42:48,920 --> 02:42:49,200 INCLUDED. 3552 02:42:49,200 --> 02:42:52,000 THE OTHER THING WE DID WAS ADAPT 3553 02:42:52,000 --> 02:42:53,960 PARTNERS AND CARE FOUND 3554 02:42:53,960 --> 02:42:56,360 EFFECTIVE WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS 3555 02:42:56,360 --> 02:42:57,360 AND NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES 3556 02:42:57,360 --> 02:42:58,840 FOR NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC 3557 02:42:58,840 --> 02:43:01,600 ISLANDERS, AND WE ALSO CREATED A 3558 02:43:01,600 --> 02:43:03,400 WORK SITE LIFESTYLE PROGRAM 3559 02:43:03,400 --> 02:43:05,560 BASED ON THE PILI LIFESTYLE 3560 02:43:05,560 --> 02:43:06,760 PROGRAM AND WORKED WITH FIVE 3561 02:43:06,760 --> 02:43:07,360 COMMUNITY PARTNERS. 3562 02:43:07,360 --> 02:43:16,200 BY THE END OF THE 11 YEARS WE 3563 02:43:16,200 --> 02:43:20,760 DISSEMINATED RESEARCH TO 30 3564 02:43:20,760 --> 02:43:21,840 ORGANIZATIONS, OUTSIDE OF 3565 02:43:21,840 --> 02:43:23,000 HAWAII, MAINLY CALIFORNIA. 3566 02:43:23,000 --> 02:43:24,240 LESSONS LEARNED AND KEY FINDINGS 3567 02:43:24,240 --> 02:43:26,280 FROM A FEW STUDIES, I WON'T 3568 02:43:26,280 --> 02:43:27,840 FOCUS ON ALL FOR THE SAKE OF 3569 02:43:27,840 --> 02:43:29,000 TIME, BUT JUST TO HIGHLIGHT WHAT 3570 02:43:29,000 --> 02:43:30,800 I THINK IS THE IMPORTANCE OF 3571 02:43:30,800 --> 02:43:32,560 ENGAGING OUR COMMUNITIES IN THIS 3572 02:43:32,560 --> 02:43:33,840 PROCESS, BUT ALSO WHAT WE'VE 3573 02:43:33,840 --> 02:43:35,480 LEARNED THAT CAN REALLY ADVANCE 3574 02:43:35,480 --> 02:43:38,360 THE SCIENCE IN THIS AREA TO 3575 02:43:38,360 --> 02:43:41,520 IMPROVE IN OUR ABILITY TO 3576 02:43:41,520 --> 02:43:42,520 ADDRESS OBESITY DISPARITIES IN 3577 02:43:42,520 --> 02:43:44,400 NATIVE COMMUNITIES. 3578 02:43:44,400 --> 02:43:46,880 AS I MENTIONED EARLIER 3579 02:43:46,880 --> 02:43:48,000 CULTURALLY ADAPTED THE PROGRAM, 3580 02:43:48,000 --> 02:43:50,560 MODIFIED INTO THE EIGHT LESSONS 3581 02:43:50,560 --> 02:43:52,800 OVER THREE MONTHS, AND THIS WAS 3582 02:43:52,800 --> 02:43:54,200 ACTUALLY STRONGLY ENCOURAGED BY 3583 02:43:54,200 --> 02:43:56,960 OUR COMMUNITY PARTNERS THAT IT 3584 02:43:56,960 --> 02:43:59,200 BE CONDENSED AND WE FOCUS ON THE 3585 02:43:59,200 --> 02:44:01,720 FAMILY AND COMMUNITY PIECE. 3586 02:44:01,720 --> 02:44:03,400 TO GIVE A BRIEF -- WE'VE DONE 3587 02:44:03,400 --> 02:44:04,480 MANY STUDIES OVER TIME. 3588 02:44:04,480 --> 02:44:12,200 THIS IS A STUDY OF SUMMARY OR 3589 02:44:12,200 --> 02:44:13,040 AVERAGE, ACHIEVING MODEST WEIGHT 3590 02:44:13,040 --> 02:44:15,240 LOSS IN ONLY THREE MONTHS, 1.5 3591 02:44:15,240 --> 02:44:23,440 KILL KILOGRAMS WEIGHT LOSS, 3592 02:44:23,440 --> 02:44:24,240 MODEST NEVERTHELESS. 3593 02:44:24,240 --> 02:44:24,920 SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN BLOOD 3594 02:44:24,920 --> 02:44:26,280 PRESSURE IN THREE MONTHS. 3595 02:44:26,280 --> 02:44:29,760 WE ALSO SEE SIGNIFICANT 3596 02:44:29,760 --> 02:44:30,800 IMPROVEMENTS WITH WALK TEST AND 3597 02:44:30,800 --> 02:44:31,800 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING. 3598 02:44:31,800 --> 02:44:32,840 WE'RE STARTING TO SEE WHAT 3599 02:44:32,840 --> 02:44:35,000 PREDICTS A LOT OF WEIGHT LOSS, 3600 02:44:35,000 --> 02:44:37,160 WE LOOKED AT NUMBER OF 3601 02:44:37,160 --> 02:44:39,560 PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, ONE OF THE 3602 02:44:39,560 --> 02:44:41,880 STRONGEST ONES WE'RE FINDING IS 3603 02:44:41,880 --> 02:44:43,480 INTERNALIZED LOCUS OF WEIGHT 3604 02:44:43,480 --> 02:44:45,600 LOSS IS MUCH -- SEEMS TO BE THE 3605 02:44:45,600 --> 02:44:46,600 THING THAT BETTER PREDICTS 3606 02:44:46,600 --> 02:44:47,760 WEIGHT LOSS IN OUR COMMUNITIES, 3607 02:44:47,760 --> 02:44:50,840 AT LEAST FOR THE FIRST THREE 3608 02:44:50,840 --> 02:44:51,080 MONTHS. 3609 02:44:51,080 --> 02:44:52,960 WHEN WE COMBINE THIS WITH THE 3610 02:44:52,960 --> 02:44:54,320 FAMILY AND COMMUNITY, THIS IS 3611 02:44:54,320 --> 02:44:56,800 WHERE THE TRIAL ASPECT OF OUR 3612 02:44:56,800 --> 02:44:58,680 STUDY WAS CONDUCTED, A FEW OF 3613 02:44:58,680 --> 02:44:59,800 OUR STUDIES, WE DELIVERED THE 3614 02:44:59,800 --> 02:45:01,000 FIRST THREE MONTHS TO ALL 3615 02:45:01,000 --> 02:45:02,200 PARTICIPANTS BECAUSE THAT WAS 3616 02:45:02,200 --> 02:45:04,400 THE REQUEST OF OUR COMMUNITIES 3617 02:45:04,400 --> 02:45:07,640 THAT NONE OF OUR PARTICIPANTS GO 3618 02:45:07,640 --> 02:45:08,560 WITHOUT AN INTERVENTION BUT WE 3619 02:45:08,560 --> 02:45:10,240 WERE INTERESTED IN THE WEIGHT 3620 02:45:10,240 --> 02:45:11,800 LOSS MAINTENANCE ASPECT. 3621 02:45:11,800 --> 02:45:14,200 SO WE RANDOMIZED THEMED IN THIS 3622 02:45:14,200 --> 02:45:17,880 STUDY TO ONE OF TWO CONDITIONS. 3623 02:45:17,880 --> 02:45:19,400 ONE TO RECEIVE THE FAMILY AND 3624 02:45:19,400 --> 02:45:21,080 COMMUNITY INTERVENTION. 3625 02:45:21,080 --> 02:45:24,920 THE OTHER WAS WHAT WE CALLED A 3626 02:45:24,920 --> 02:45:25,600 STANDARD BEHAVIORAL 3627 02:45:25,600 --> 02:45:26,520 INTERVENTION, REALLY A FREQUENT 3628 02:45:26,520 --> 02:45:29,200 PHONE CALL TO FOLLOW UP WITH THE 3629 02:45:29,200 --> 02:45:30,720 PARTICIPANTS, GO OVER THEIR 3630 02:45:30,720 --> 02:45:35,400 ACTION PLAN, SO FORTH, TO KEEP 3631 02:45:35,400 --> 02:45:37,040 THEM ON TRACK, MINIMAL CONTACT 3632 02:45:37,040 --> 02:45:38,600 AND INTERVENTION. 3633 02:45:38,600 --> 02:45:40,800 WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT -- GREATER 3634 02:45:40,800 --> 02:45:42,400 IMPROVEMENTS, SO 51% OF THOSE 3635 02:45:42,400 --> 02:45:45,200 WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PILI 3636 02:45:45,200 --> 02:45:48,640 PROGRAM ACHIEVED -- WE SET A 3637 02:45:48,640 --> 02:45:50,560 MODEST WEIGHT LOSS GOAL OF 3%, 3638 02:45:50,560 --> 02:45:52,960 PERHAPS THE LOWEST WEIGHT LOSS 3639 02:45:52,960 --> 02:45:55,040 THAT PROVEN CLINICAL BENEFITS IN 3640 02:45:55,040 --> 02:45:57,160 PAST STUDIES, COMPARED TO ONLY 3641 02:45:57,160 --> 02:45:59,720 31.4% OF THE CONTROL GROUP. 3642 02:45:59,720 --> 02:46:01,360 AGAIN, THIS CONTROL DID RECEIVE 3643 02:46:01,360 --> 02:46:03,880 AN INTERVENTION THE FIRST THREE 3644 02:46:03,880 --> 02:46:05,400 MONTHS, DPP, DID RECEIVE SOME 3645 02:46:05,400 --> 02:46:07,200 ATTENTION AND CONTACT FROM OUR 3646 02:46:07,200 --> 02:46:08,240 STAFF, OUR COMMUNITY FOLKS. 3647 02:46:08,240 --> 02:46:11,240 AND WHAT WE SAW WAS EVEN GREATER 3648 02:46:11,240 --> 02:46:13,360 IMPROVEMENTS THAN BLOOD 3649 02:46:13,360 --> 02:46:13,600 PRESSURE. 3650 02:46:13,600 --> 02:46:14,200 MODEST IMPROVMENTS IN BLOOD 3651 02:46:14,200 --> 02:46:15,320 PRESSURE IN THE FIRST THREE 3652 02:46:15,320 --> 02:46:17,040 MONTHS BUT CONTINUING ON IN 3653 02:46:17,040 --> 02:46:18,400 THEIR INTERVENTION OVER THE 3654 02:46:18,400 --> 02:46:21,320 COURSE OF NINE MONTHS HERE, LED 3655 02:46:21,320 --> 02:46:24,200 TO VERY LARGE IMPROVEMENTS IN 3656 02:46:24,200 --> 02:46:26,360 BLOOD PRESSURE, SYSTOLIC AND 3657 02:46:26,360 --> 02:46:27,320 DIASTOLIC. 3658 02:46:27,320 --> 02:46:27,920 WHAT WE LEARNED, WE'VE 3659 02:46:27,920 --> 02:46:29,120 REPLICATED THIS IN OTHER STUDIES 3660 02:46:29,120 --> 02:46:32,680 WE'VE DONE, EVEN IN THE LARGER 3661 02:46:32,680 --> 02:46:35,400 DATASET, OF 315 NATIVE HAWAIIAN 3662 02:46:35,400 --> 02:46:36,280 AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS. 3663 02:46:36,280 --> 02:46:37,680 WHAT WE'RE FINDING THE FIRST 3664 02:46:37,680 --> 02:46:39,240 THREE MONTHS OF WEIGHT LOSS, 3665 02:46:39,240 --> 02:46:42,480 GREATER WEIGHT LOSS IN THE FIRST 3666 02:46:42,480 --> 02:46:44,320 THREE MONTHS PREDICT LONG-TERM 3667 02:46:44,320 --> 02:46:45,880 WEIGHT LOSS OUT TO 18 MONTHS, 3668 02:46:45,880 --> 02:46:47,000 SIMILAR TO OTHER STUDIES. 3669 02:46:47,000 --> 02:46:49,200 THE MORE YOU LOSE UP FRONT SEEMS 3670 02:46:49,200 --> 02:46:51,960 TO PREDICT LONGER TERM WEIGHT 3671 02:46:51,960 --> 02:46:53,920 LOSS AND WEIGHT LOSS MONTHS. 3672 02:46:53,920 --> 02:46:55,600 WE'RE FINDING ONE SIZE DOES NOT 3673 02:46:55,600 --> 02:46:56,960 FIT ALL, THE EFFECTS OF 3674 02:46:56,960 --> 02:46:58,360 INTERVENTION SEEMS TO BE 3675 02:46:58,360 --> 02:47:00,680 STRONGER FOR CERTAIN PACIFIC 3676 02:47:00,680 --> 02:47:03,800 ISLANDER GROUPS OVER OTHERS, IN 3677 02:47:03,800 --> 02:47:06,240 THIS CAUSE A GROUP FROM THE 3678 02:47:06,240 --> 02:47:07,640 MICRONESIA REGION OF THE PACIFIC 3679 02:47:07,640 --> 02:47:09,040 RESPONDED WELL TO OUR 3680 02:47:09,040 --> 02:47:11,240 INTERVENTION, GREATER WEIGHT 3681 02:47:11,240 --> 02:47:14,680 LOSS OVER TIME, MORE LIKELY THAN 3682 02:47:14,680 --> 02:47:16,640 OTHER NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND 3683 02:47:16,640 --> 02:47:18,400 PACIFIC ISLANDERS, AND A DOSE 3684 02:47:18,400 --> 02:47:21,240 EFFECT FOR THOSE WHO ARE 3685 02:47:21,240 --> 02:47:22,000 PARTICIPATING, ATTENDED ALL 3686 02:47:22,000 --> 02:47:24,080 LESSONS, MORE LIKELY TO GET MORE 3687 02:47:24,080 --> 02:47:25,600 BENEFIT FROM OUR INTERVENTION 3688 02:47:25,600 --> 02:47:27,680 THAN THOSE THAT DID NOT. 3689 02:47:27,680 --> 02:47:29,800 WHAT I WANT TO DO IS TURN OUR 3690 02:47:29,800 --> 02:47:31,280 ATTENTION -- THAT WAS A 3691 02:47:31,280 --> 02:47:32,200 CULTURALLY ADAPTED INTERVENTION 3692 02:47:32,200 --> 02:47:33,600 I WAS SHARING THAT OUR 3693 02:47:33,600 --> 02:47:35,600 COMMUNITIES FELT STRONGLY WE 3694 02:47:35,600 --> 02:47:36,720 NEEDED TO DO. 3695 02:47:36,720 --> 02:47:39,600 AND AFTER GOING THROUGH THE PILI 3696 02:47:39,600 --> 02:47:40,960 EXPERIENCE WE REALLY LEARNED 3697 02:47:40,960 --> 02:47:43,200 THAT PERHAPS WE NEED DIFFERENT 3698 02:47:43,200 --> 02:47:45,960 STRATEGIES OTHER THAN MAINSTREAM 3699 02:47:45,960 --> 02:47:49,320 STRATEGIES RATHER THAN ADAPTING 3700 02:47:49,320 --> 02:47:51,440 ADAPTING PROGRAMS FROM OTHER 3701 02:47:51,440 --> 02:47:52,800 POPULATIONS NEEDED TO LOOK AT 3702 02:47:52,800 --> 02:47:53,600 OUR CULTURAL PRACTICES TO SEE 3703 02:47:53,600 --> 02:47:55,200 WHETHER OR NOT WE CAN LEVERAGE 3704 02:47:55,200 --> 02:47:56,240 FOR HEALTH PROMOTION. 3705 02:47:56,240 --> 02:47:58,000 I GOT TO ADMIT ABOUT 11 YEARS 3706 02:47:58,000 --> 02:48:01,720 AGO WHEN ONE OF MY FACULTY 3707 02:48:01,720 --> 02:48:02,600 APPROACHED ME, THERE ON THE 3708 02:48:02,600 --> 02:48:03,920 RIGHT IN THE PICTURE IN THE 3709 02:48:03,920 --> 02:48:06,120 MIDDLE IN THE PINK, AND SAID, 3710 02:48:06,120 --> 02:48:08,720 LET'S LOOK AT HULA TO LEVERAGE 3711 02:48:08,720 --> 02:48:10,360 FOR HEALTH PROMOTION, AND GET AN 3712 02:48:10,360 --> 02:48:13,960 NIH GRANT TO DO IT, I WAS 3713 02:48:13,960 --> 02:48:14,800 SKEPTICAL BECAUSE I DIDN'T AT 3714 02:48:14,800 --> 02:48:17,320 THE TIME QUITE UNDERSTAND THE 3715 02:48:17,320 --> 02:48:20,000 MECHANISM AND HOW THAT LOOKED 3716 02:48:20,000 --> 02:48:20,400 CONCEPTUALLY. 3717 02:48:20,400 --> 02:48:23,640 WE REALLY TOOK IT A STEP AT A 3718 02:48:23,640 --> 02:48:25,600 TIME AND WITH FUNDING FROM NIMHD 3719 02:48:25,600 --> 02:48:28,000 THROUGH A PILOT PROGRAM HERE 3720 02:48:28,000 --> 02:48:29,840 THROUGH OUR RCMI PROGRAM WE'RE 3721 02:48:29,840 --> 02:48:34,920 ABLE TO BEGIN THE PROCESS OF 3722 02:48:34,920 --> 02:48:35,800 ENGAGING THE PACIFIC 3723 02:48:35,800 --> 02:48:37,400 ISLAND/NATIVE HAWAIIAN 3724 02:48:37,400 --> 02:48:37,680 COMMUNITY. 3725 02:48:37,680 --> 02:48:39,520 WE FELT STRONGLY IT WOULD HAVE 3726 02:48:39,520 --> 02:48:41,800 RELEVANCE FOR OTHER PACIFIC 3727 02:48:41,800 --> 02:48:43,120 ISLANDERS BECAUSE OF SIMILAR 3728 02:48:43,120 --> 02:48:45,560 PACIFIC CULTURAL VALUES AND 3729 02:48:45,560 --> 02:48:46,400 PRACTICES AND BEGAN THIS PROCESS 3730 02:48:46,400 --> 02:48:47,720 OF DEVELOPING THAT TOOK US 3731 02:48:47,720 --> 02:48:49,200 PERHAPS TEN YEARS SIMILAR TO 3732 02:48:49,200 --> 02:48:54,720 PILI TO GET TO A POINT WE FOUND 3733 02:48:54,720 --> 02:48:56,040 EFFICACIOUS INTERVENTION, IN 3734 02:48:56,040 --> 02:49:05,080 THIS CASE CYBER TENSION. 3735 02:49:05,080 --> 02:49:10,720 OLA HOU I KA HULA, TRANSLATES 3736 02:49:10,720 --> 02:49:14,000 RESTORING LIFE THROUGH HULA. 3737 02:49:14,000 --> 02:49:15,960 ASIDE FROM MEETING EXTENSIVELY 3738 02:49:15,960 --> 02:49:18,080 WITH THE HULA EXPERTS, KEEPERS 3739 02:49:18,080 --> 02:49:19,960 OF THIS TRADITION THROUGHOUT 3740 02:49:19,960 --> 02:49:22,160 HAWAII, TO GET THEIR THOUGHTS, 3741 02:49:22,160 --> 02:49:23,320 ALSO THEIR BLESSINGS, IF YOU 3742 02:49:23,320 --> 02:49:25,840 WILL, TO BE ABLE TO DO THIS AND 3743 02:49:25,840 --> 02:49:28,000 USE HULA WHILE MAINTAINING THE 3744 02:49:28,000 --> 02:49:29,200 CULTURAL INTEGRITY OF HULA BEING 3745 02:49:29,200 --> 02:49:31,480 ABLE TO APPLY IN A SCIENTIFIC 3746 02:49:31,480 --> 02:49:32,920 STUDY AND ABLE TO WORK CLOSELY 3747 02:49:32,920 --> 02:49:35,160 WITH OUR COMMUNITIES IN DOING 3748 02:49:35,160 --> 02:49:36,400 THAT AND THEY REALLY CONTRIBUTED 3749 02:49:36,400 --> 02:49:37,720 TO THE DESIGN OF OUR 3750 02:49:37,720 --> 02:49:38,320 INTERVENTION. 3751 02:49:38,320 --> 02:49:39,960 ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS WE'RE 3752 02:49:39,960 --> 02:49:43,560 ABLE TO DO IS ESTABLISH THE 3753 02:49:43,560 --> 02:49:45,960 PHYSICAL -- THE BENEFITS OF HULA 3754 02:49:45,960 --> 02:49:47,280 PHYSICALLY, AND WHETHER OR NOT 3755 02:49:47,280 --> 02:49:49,200 IT COULD MEET NATIONAL STANDARDS 3756 02:49:49,200 --> 02:49:51,120 AS A PHYSICAL -- AS A VALID 3757 02:49:51,120 --> 02:49:53,160 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR HEALTH 3758 02:49:53,160 --> 02:49:54,800 PROMOTION SO WE CONDUCTED A MET 3759 02:49:54,800 --> 02:50:00,400 STUDY TO LOOK AT HULA. 3760 02:50:00,400 --> 02:50:02,000 YOU SEE THE RESULTS, 3761 02:50:02,000 --> 02:50:04,320 HIGHLIGHTING WE WERE SURPRISED, 3762 02:50:04,320 --> 02:50:05,600 WE KNEW HULA WOULD HELP, 3763 02:50:05,600 --> 02:50:06,280 PHYSICALLY ACTIVE. 3764 02:50:06,280 --> 02:50:08,160 DIDN'T KNOW THE EXTENT HOW 3765 02:50:08,160 --> 02:50:12,680 INTENSE IT WOULD BE ON. 3766 02:50:12,680 --> 02:50:14,400 ON AVERAGE TO THE LEVEL OF THE 3767 02:50:14,400 --> 02:50:23,480 PICKUP BASKETBALL GAME IN THE 3768 02:50:23,480 --> 02:50:29,360 EXERCISE BENEFITS, HIGHEST 3769 02:50:29,360 --> 02:50:30,960 INTENSITY SIMILAR TO BASKETBALL, 3770 02:50:30,960 --> 02:50:34,760 LOWEST SIMILAR TO BALLROOM 3771 02:50:34,760 --> 02:50:37,160 DANCING, SECOND TIME INDIGENOUS 3772 02:50:37,160 --> 02:50:38,400 PRACTICE WAS STUDIED THIS WAY 3773 02:50:38,400 --> 02:50:40,440 AND HOPEFULLY WILL GET INTO THE 3774 02:50:40,440 --> 02:50:42,240 COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL 3775 02:50:42,240 --> 02:50:43,600 ACTIVITIES IN THE FUTURE. 3776 02:50:43,600 --> 02:50:46,360 WHAT WE DID WAS THROUGH ALL THIS 3777 02:50:46,360 --> 02:50:48,080 PROCESS WE DEVELOPED A 3778 02:50:48,080 --> 02:50:49,960 THREE-MONTH INTERVENTION USING 3779 02:50:49,960 --> 02:50:51,920 HULA LEVERAGING HULA AND HULA 3780 02:50:51,920 --> 02:50:53,800 LESSONS TO SEE WHETHER OR NOT WE 3781 02:50:53,800 --> 02:50:56,960 COULD HAVE IMPACT ON PEOPLE WITH 3782 02:50:56,960 --> 02:50:58,800 HYPERTENSION, NATIVE HAWAIIANS 3783 02:50:58,800 --> 02:51:00,880 WITH UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION. 3784 02:51:00,880 --> 02:51:02,320 WELL ACTUALLY NATIVE HAWAIIAN 3785 02:51:02,320 --> 02:51:04,400 AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS. 3786 02:51:04,400 --> 02:51:07,120 WE DESIGNED AND INTERVENTION 3787 02:51:07,120 --> 02:51:11,800 THAT FIRST ONE WOULD COVER BRIEF 3788 02:51:11,800 --> 02:51:12,280 IMPORTANT HYPERTENSION 3789 02:51:12,280 --> 02:51:12,960 SELF-MANAGEMENT LESSONS, VERY 3790 02:51:12,960 --> 02:51:13,600 BRIEF. 3791 02:51:13,600 --> 02:51:15,800 THIS WAS THREE LESSONS DELIVERED 3792 02:51:15,800 --> 02:51:17,920 ONE HOUR EACH, DURING THE FIRST 3793 02:51:17,920 --> 02:51:20,480 WEEK OF THE INTERVENTION. 3794 02:51:20,480 --> 02:51:23,000 IT COVERED THE IMPORTANCE OF 3795 02:51:23,000 --> 02:51:24,880 SODIUM REDUCTION, UNDERSTANDING 3796 02:51:24,880 --> 02:51:25,800 YOUR MEDICATION, COMMUNICATING 3797 02:51:25,800 --> 02:51:26,560 EFFECTIVELY WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN 3798 02:51:26,560 --> 02:51:28,920 AROUND THAT AND SO FORTH, STRESS 3799 02:51:28,920 --> 02:51:30,000 MANAGEMENT. 3800 02:51:30,000 --> 02:51:32,400 YOUR BASIC HEART HEALTH 3801 02:51:32,400 --> 02:51:33,200 EDUCATION. 3802 02:51:33,200 --> 02:51:34,520 AND THEN THEY RECEIVED -- I'M 3803 02:51:34,520 --> 02:51:36,200 JUST GOING OVER THE FIRST THREE 3804 02:51:36,200 --> 02:51:38,360 MONTHS AND SHOW A PILOT TRIAL 3805 02:51:38,360 --> 02:51:41,400 THAT WAS FUNDED BY NIMHD IN 3806 02:51:41,400 --> 02:51:43,400 WHICH WE DESIGNED THE 3807 02:51:43,400 --> 02:51:44,200 THREE-MONTH INTERVENTION SO 3808 02:51:44,200 --> 02:51:45,240 THAT -- YOU CAN SEE ON THE RIGHT 3809 02:51:45,240 --> 02:51:48,520 ON THE TABLE WE HAD A WARMUP 3810 02:51:48,520 --> 02:51:50,040 CONDITION AND COOLDOWN PHASE TO 3811 02:51:50,040 --> 02:51:51,680 GET PEOPLE'S HEART RATE UP, 3812 02:51:51,680 --> 02:51:54,880 WORKING HEART RATE, GET THE 3813 02:51:54,880 --> 02:51:56,120 BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3814 02:51:56,120 --> 02:51:56,960 BENEFITS AND CONFIRM THAT. 3815 02:51:56,960 --> 02:52:02,640 WE WERE OF WE PARTNERED WITH 3816 02:52:02,640 --> 02:52:05,040 EXPERT, A HULA MASTER, ABLE TO 3817 02:52:05,040 --> 02:52:06,600 STANDARDIZE OUR PROTOCOLS FOR 3818 02:52:06,600 --> 02:52:08,320 THE RESEARCH SO WE COULD TEST IN 3819 02:52:08,320 --> 02:52:09,200 A TRIAL. 3820 02:52:09,200 --> 02:52:13,320 AND WE DID A PILOT TRIAL HERE. 3821 02:52:13,320 --> 02:52:15,600 SO YOU CAN SEE WE RANDOMIZED 3822 02:52:15,600 --> 02:52:17,440 NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC 3823 02:52:17,440 --> 02:52:18,600 ISLANDERS FROM TWO COMMUNITY 3824 02:52:18,600 --> 02:52:19,840 GROUPS, ONE WAS A COMMUNITY 3825 02:52:19,840 --> 02:52:22,160 HEALTH CENTER, THE OTHER WAS A 3826 02:52:22,160 --> 02:52:23,000 GRASSROOTS COMMUNITY. 3827 02:52:23,000 --> 02:52:25,880 AND WITHIN EACH COMMUNITY SITE 3828 02:52:25,880 --> 02:52:27,960 WE RANDOMIZED THE PARTICIPANTS 3829 02:52:27,960 --> 02:52:29,520 EITHER INTO RECEIVING 3830 02:52:29,520 --> 02:52:30,800 THREE-MONTH HULA INTERVENTION OR 3831 02:52:30,800 --> 02:52:31,400 CONTROL. 3832 02:52:31,400 --> 02:52:34,080 OUR INTENT WAS NOT TO FIND 3833 02:52:34,080 --> 02:52:34,720 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT 3834 02:52:34,720 --> 02:52:35,000 RESULTS. 3835 02:52:35,000 --> 02:52:37,120 OUR INTENT WAS TO FIND A TREND 3836 02:52:37,120 --> 02:52:38,800 AND HAVE PRELIMINARY DATA FOR AN 3837 02:52:38,800 --> 02:52:40,280 R01 IN THE FUTURE. 3838 02:52:40,280 --> 02:52:41,640 AND TO JUST ESTABLISH PERHAPS 3839 02:52:41,640 --> 02:52:43,240 THAT HULA COULD BE LEVERAGED FOR 3840 02:52:43,240 --> 02:52:43,800 HEALTH PROMOTION. 3841 02:52:43,800 --> 02:52:46,640 AND ALL OF OUR PARTICIPANTS FOR 3842 02:52:46,640 --> 02:52:49,680 THIS PARTICULAR PILOT HAD 3843 02:52:49,680 --> 02:52:50,440 UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION, 3844 02:52:50,440 --> 02:52:51,640 MEANING SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE 3845 02:52:51,640 --> 02:52:54,600 IS 140 OR GREATER, AND CONFIRMED 3846 02:52:54,600 --> 02:52:55,400 HYPERTENSION BY A PHYSICIAN, 3847 02:52:55,400 --> 02:52:59,120 NEED TO BE UNDER A PHYSICIAN'S 3848 02:52:59,120 --> 02:53:01,160 CARE, THESE ARE ADULT NATIVE 3849 02:53:01,160 --> 02:53:02,800 HAWAIIANS, INCLUDING NATIVE 3850 02:53:02,800 --> 02:53:05,200 HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS, 3851 02:53:05,200 --> 02:53:06,640 CHUKIS FROM THE PACIFIC ISLAND 3852 02:53:06,640 --> 02:53:07,280 GROUP. 3853 02:53:07,280 --> 02:53:08,640 WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION 3854 02:53:08,640 --> 02:53:09,960 IN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN 3855 02:53:09,960 --> 02:53:11,920 THREE MONTHS FOR THOSE THAT 3856 02:53:11,920 --> 02:53:13,200 UNDERWENT THE HULA INTERVENTION 3857 02:53:13,200 --> 02:53:14,280 VERSUS CONTROL. 3858 02:53:14,280 --> 02:53:17,840 YOU CAN SEE THE RESULTS HERE. 3859 02:53:17,840 --> 02:53:20,200 WE HAD BASICALLY 20 DROPS IN 3860 02:53:20,200 --> 02:53:21,200 THEIR SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE, 3861 02:53:21,200 --> 02:53:22,040 COMPARED TO NINE. 3862 02:53:22,040 --> 02:53:24,080 FOR SOME REASON THE CONTROL HAD 3863 02:53:24,080 --> 02:53:25,800 A SIGNIFICANT -- A BIG DROP AS 3864 02:53:25,800 --> 02:53:26,000 WELL. 3865 02:53:26,000 --> 02:53:27,280 WE THINK SOMETHING'S GOING ON, 3866 02:53:27,280 --> 02:53:30,040 IT'S A WEIGHTLESS CONTROL SO WE 3867 02:53:30,040 --> 02:53:31,600 THINK IT'S HAVING AN EFFECT 3868 02:53:31,600 --> 02:53:33,880 PREPARING THEM FOR THE 3869 02:53:33,880 --> 02:53:34,720 INTERVENTION PERHAPS. 3870 02:53:34,720 --> 02:53:36,520 72% OF THE INTERVENTION GROUP 3871 02:53:36,520 --> 02:53:40,560 VERSUS 39 HAD DROPPED MORE THAN 3872 02:53:40,560 --> 02:53:42,360 10, 10 LEVELS IN THEIR SYSTOLIC 3873 02:53:42,360 --> 02:53:44,800 BLOOD PRESSURES, AND THAT WAS 3874 02:53:44,800 --> 02:53:45,120 SIGNIFICANT. 3875 02:53:45,120 --> 02:53:47,160 AND THIS IS A VERY SMALL SAMPLE. 3876 02:53:47,160 --> 02:53:50,280 WE ALSO LEARNED FROM THIS STUDY 3877 02:53:50,280 --> 02:53:52,760 THAT, ONE, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN 3878 02:53:52,760 --> 02:53:54,600 BLOOD PRESSURE WAS ASSOCIATED 3879 02:53:54,600 --> 02:53:55,400 WITH IMPROVEMENTS IN SOCIAL 3880 02:53:55,400 --> 02:53:57,040 FUNCTIONING, WHICH IS ONE OF THE 3881 02:53:57,040 --> 02:53:59,160 ASPECTS THAT WE THINK IS 3882 02:53:59,160 --> 02:53:59,920 BENEFICIAL OF THE HULA 3883 02:53:59,920 --> 02:54:01,120 INTERVENTION DELIVERED IN A 3884 02:54:01,120 --> 02:54:03,720 GROUP SETTING. 3885 02:54:03,720 --> 02:54:06,920 IT'S A CULTURAL-BASED 3886 02:54:06,920 --> 02:54:08,320 INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING THE 3887 02:54:08,320 --> 02:54:09,880 INTERCONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN 3888 02:54:09,880 --> 02:54:11,640 PARTICIPANTS AND NATURE, AS A 3889 02:54:11,640 --> 02:54:12,840 HULA GROUP USUALLY DOES. 3890 02:54:12,840 --> 02:54:14,840 WE ALSO SAW OF COURSE DECREASES 3891 02:54:14,840 --> 02:54:16,080 IN BODILY PAIN WAS ASSOCIATED 3892 02:54:16,080 --> 02:54:16,960 WITH IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOOD 3893 02:54:16,960 --> 02:54:17,400 PRESSURE. 3894 02:54:17,400 --> 02:54:18,800 BUT THE INTERESTING THING, AS 3895 02:54:18,800 --> 02:54:21,120 YOU KNOW I'M A RESEARCHER 3896 02:54:21,120 --> 02:54:24,280 INTERESTED IN RACISM, EFFECTS ON 3897 02:54:24,280 --> 02:54:26,240 HEALTH, WE LOOKED AT THE EFFECTS 3898 02:54:26,240 --> 02:54:29,000 OF THE CHANGES AND THEIR 3899 02:54:29,000 --> 02:54:29,960 PERCEPTIONS OF RACISM, WITHIN 3900 02:54:29,960 --> 02:54:31,440 THE COURSE OF THE THREE MONTHS 3901 02:54:31,440 --> 02:54:33,800 THAT THEY WERE PARTICIPATING. 3902 02:54:33,800 --> 02:54:36,720 WE FOUND THE HULA GROUP 3903 02:54:36,720 --> 02:54:37,960 SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THEIR 3904 02:54:37,960 --> 02:54:40,000 PERCEPTIONS OF RACISM AROUND 3905 02:54:40,000 --> 02:54:41,560 THEM AS A RESULT INTERVENTION 3906 02:54:41,560 --> 02:54:45,040 WITH A CONTROL HAD NO CHANGE. 3907 02:54:45,040 --> 02:54:45,920 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT 3908 02:54:45,920 --> 02:54:46,920 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS. 3909 02:54:46,920 --> 02:54:54,320 SO THE IDEA HERE WAS, YOU KNOW, 3910 02:54:54,320 --> 02:54:54,800 TRADITIONAL HYPERTENSION 3911 02:54:54,800 --> 02:54:56,880 EDUCATION PROGRAMS PERHAPS LIKE 3912 02:54:56,880 --> 02:55:01,600 DASH DIET AND OTHERS, 3913 02:55:01,600 --> 02:55:02,560 TRADITIONAL WESTERN-BASED 3914 02:55:02,560 --> 02:55:05,800 APPROACHES CAN GET GREAT 3915 02:55:05,800 --> 02:55:07,400 CLINICAL OUTCOME BUT WE'RE 3916 02:55:07,400 --> 02:55:08,960 SEEING GREAT SOCIAL AND CLINICAL 3917 02:55:08,960 --> 02:55:13,640 OUTCOMES FROM CULTURALLY BASED 3918 02:55:13,640 --> 02:55:14,240 INTERVENTION, MORE THAN 3919 02:55:14,240 --> 02:55:20,000 PROMISING, WE DIDN'T EXPECT TO 3920 02:55:20,000 --> 02:55:21,000 FIND SIGNIFICANTLY STATISTICAL 3921 02:55:21,000 --> 02:55:21,680 DIFFERENCES. 3922 02:55:21,680 --> 02:55:24,520 I FORGOT TO MENTION WE FOLLOWED 3923 02:55:24,520 --> 02:55:26,200 THE HULA GROUP OVER SIX MONTHS 3924 02:55:26,200 --> 02:55:28,560 AND GOT THEIR BLOOD PRESSURES AT 3925 02:55:28,560 --> 02:55:30,560 SIX MONTHS, THREE MONTHS WITHOUT 3926 02:55:30,560 --> 02:55:31,200 OUR INTERVENTION. 3927 02:55:31,200 --> 02:55:32,920 UNFORTUNATELY WHAT WE FOUND WAS 3928 02:55:32,920 --> 02:55:34,440 RETURN TO BASELINE THAT MANY OF 3929 02:55:34,440 --> 02:55:36,200 THEM WERE STARTING TO GET THEIR 3930 02:55:36,200 --> 02:55:36,960 BLOOD PRESSURES BACK UP TO WHAT 3931 02:55:36,960 --> 02:55:39,000 IT WAS AT THE START OF OUR 3932 02:55:39,000 --> 02:55:39,480 INTERVENTION WHICH WAS 3933 02:55:39,480 --> 02:55:39,800 CONCERNING. 3934 02:55:39,800 --> 02:55:42,000 SO ONE OF THE THINGS WE DID WAS, 3935 02:55:42,000 --> 02:55:43,400 YOU KNOW, WE NEEDED TO 3936 02:55:43,400 --> 02:55:45,040 DEVELOP -- NEEDED TO EXPAND AND 3937 02:55:45,040 --> 02:55:46,240 ENHANCE OUR INTERVENTION SO THAT 3938 02:55:46,240 --> 02:55:47,440 WE CAN MAKE THE LESSONS THAT 3939 02:55:47,440 --> 02:55:49,400 THEY LEARNED FROM THE HULA 3940 02:55:49,400 --> 02:55:50,840 INTERVENTIONS PART OF THEIR 3941 02:55:50,840 --> 02:55:51,200 LIVES. 3942 02:55:51,200 --> 02:55:53,800 SO WE ADDED ADDITIONAL THREE 3943 02:55:53,800 --> 02:55:57,200 MONTHS FOR THE MAINTENANCE PIECE 3944 02:55:57,200 --> 02:56:00,080 TO OUR INTERVENTION, WHICH MEANS 3945 02:56:00,080 --> 02:56:02,800 BY DOING, ONE LEARNS. 3946 02:56:02,800 --> 02:56:05,600 IT WAS REALLY INFORMED BY A 3947 02:56:05,600 --> 02:56:08,600 SELF-REGULATION THEORY TO HELP 3948 02:56:08,600 --> 02:56:10,200 SUSTAIN THESE BEHAVIOR CHANGES, 3949 02:56:10,200 --> 02:56:11,840 APPLYING TO DAILY LIVES AND 3950 02:56:11,840 --> 02:56:13,680 PRACTICING THIS OVER THE COURSE 3951 02:56:13,680 --> 02:56:17,480 OF THE REMAINING THREE MONTHS. 3952 02:56:17,480 --> 02:56:20,000 WE WERE FORTUNATE TO GET FUNDING 3953 02:56:20,000 --> 02:56:21,440 FROM THE NATIONAL HEART, LUNG 3954 02:56:21,440 --> 02:56:24,400 AND BLOOD INSTITUTE TO DO A MORE 3955 02:56:24,400 --> 02:56:26,000 DEFINITIVE STUDY USING HULA, AS 3956 02:56:26,000 --> 02:56:31,080 I'M SHARING HERE WITH YOU, IS 3957 02:56:31,080 --> 02:56:32,800 THE TRIAL ITSELF, THE FLOW OF 3958 02:56:32,800 --> 02:56:35,160 THE TRIAL OVER TIME. 3959 02:56:35,160 --> 02:56:36,880 I WON'T SPEND TIME HERE OTHER 3960 02:56:36,880 --> 02:56:38,960 THAN TO SAY CRITERIA WAS SIMILAR 3961 02:56:38,960 --> 02:56:42,600 TO PILOT WITH THE EXCEPTION THAT 3962 02:56:42,600 --> 02:56:43,800 THE PARTICIPANTS HAVING 3963 02:56:43,800 --> 02:56:45,280 UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION AT 3964 02:56:45,280 --> 02:56:46,640 BASELINE ALSO NEEDED TO NOT HAVE 3965 02:56:46,640 --> 02:56:52,000 HEART DISEASE OR STROKE OR ANY 3966 02:56:52,000 --> 02:56:52,680 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BECAUSE 3967 02:56:52,680 --> 02:56:56,080 WE WERE TRYING TO PREVENT OR 3968 02:56:56,080 --> 02:56:58,160 REDUCE TEN YEAR RISK FOR HEART 3969 02:56:58,160 --> 02:56:58,400 DISEASE. 3970 02:56:58,400 --> 02:57:00,120 I WANT TO GET THROUGH OTHER 3971 02:57:00,120 --> 02:57:02,280 THINGS, I'M GOING TO JUMP TO THE 3972 02:57:02,280 --> 02:57:03,480 RESULTS. 3973 02:57:03,480 --> 02:57:07,640 SIMILAR TO OUR PILOT WE FOUND 3974 02:57:07,640 --> 02:57:09,560 AGAIN A WEIGHTLESS CONTROL, 3975 02:57:09,560 --> 02:57:11,840 EXPANDED TO SIX MONTHS, FOLLOWED 3976 02:57:11,840 --> 02:57:15,800 INTERVENTION GROUP TO 12 MONTHS. 3977 02:57:15,800 --> 02:57:17,560 WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS 3978 02:57:17,560 --> 02:57:19,080 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OUR HULA 3979 02:57:19,080 --> 02:57:21,640 GROUP, PARTICIPANTS WHO RECEIVED 3980 02:57:21,640 --> 02:57:22,360 HULA INTERVENTION VERSUS 3981 02:57:22,360 --> 02:57:23,240 EDUCATION ONLY. 3982 02:57:23,240 --> 02:57:25,400 WHAT'S DIFFERENT FROM THE PILOT, 3983 02:57:25,400 --> 02:57:28,920 THIS TIME IN THE -- WE GAVE 3984 02:57:28,920 --> 02:57:30,560 EVERYONE THE BRIEF HEART 3985 02:57:30,560 --> 02:57:31,560 EDUCATION LESSONS. 3986 02:57:31,560 --> 02:57:33,600 SO IN A WAY, THE CONTROL WASN'T 3987 02:57:33,600 --> 02:57:35,520 TRULY A CONTROL. 3988 02:57:35,520 --> 02:57:37,640 THEY GOT -- THEY ARE ALL UNDER 3989 02:57:37,640 --> 02:57:39,200 PHYSICIAN CARE, CONTINUED TO BE 3990 02:57:39,200 --> 02:57:40,800 UNDER PHYSICIAN CARE DURING OUR 3991 02:57:40,800 --> 02:57:41,920 TRIAL. 3992 02:57:41,920 --> 02:57:44,200 BUT THEY GOT THE EDUCATION, THEY 3993 02:57:44,200 --> 02:57:46,280 GOT ONLY THE FIRST FOUR LESSONS 3994 02:57:46,280 --> 02:57:48,920 DELIVERED OVER THE FIRST WEEK, 3995 02:57:48,920 --> 02:57:51,320 BEFORE BEING RANDOMIZED OR 3996 02:57:51,320 --> 02:57:53,360 ASSIGNED, GOING INTO THEIR STUDY 3997 02:57:53,360 --> 02:57:53,600 ARMS. 3998 02:57:53,600 --> 02:57:55,800 AND WHAT YOU CAN SEE IS ABOVE 3999 02:57:55,800 --> 02:57:59,960 AND BEYOND THIS BASIC HEART 4000 02:57:59,960 --> 02:58:00,280 EDUCATION. 4001 02:58:00,280 --> 02:58:02,320 WE GOT SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN 4002 02:58:02,320 --> 02:58:03,960 SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD 4003 02:58:03,960 --> 02:58:06,280 PRESSURE, BY THE WAY, I'M 4004 02:58:06,280 --> 02:58:07,720 SHOWING SYSTOLIC, THIS IS THE 4005 02:58:07,720 --> 02:58:10,880 CRITERIA PRIOR TO CHANGE IN 2017 4006 02:58:10,880 --> 02:58:13,640 FOR UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION SO 4007 02:58:13,640 --> 02:58:15,760 WE'RE ANALYZING DATA BASED ON 4008 02:58:15,760 --> 02:58:21,000 THE CRITERIA USING -- AT THE 4009 02:58:21,000 --> 02:58:22,520 TIME WE STARTED TRIAL, ALL STAGE 4010 02:58:22,520 --> 02:58:24,600 2 ON AVERAGE TO BE ELIGIBLE. 4011 02:58:24,600 --> 02:58:26,240 THERE WAS SOME VARIATIONS BUT 4012 02:58:26,240 --> 02:58:28,880 THEY ALL DROPPED -- THE 4013 02:58:28,880 --> 02:58:31,280 INTERVENTION GROUP DROPPED TWO 4014 02:58:31,280 --> 02:58:32,400 STAGES TO ELEVATED, MAINTAINED 4015 02:58:32,400 --> 02:58:34,000 OVER TIME, AS YOU CAN SEE THE 4016 02:58:34,000 --> 02:58:35,600 CONTROL GROUP DIDN'T. 4017 02:58:35,600 --> 02:58:39,400 FAR RIGHT I THINK SPEAKS TO 4018 02:58:39,400 --> 02:58:41,040 CLINICAL PERHAPS SIGNIFICANCE OF 4019 02:58:41,040 --> 02:58:42,880 OUR INTERVENTION IN WHICH THE 4020 02:58:42,880 --> 02:58:43,400 NUMBER -- PROPORTION OF 4021 02:58:43,400 --> 02:58:46,040 PARTICIPANTS IN THE HULA GROUP 4022 02:58:46,040 --> 02:58:50,640 ABLE TO DROP BELOW 130/80 WAS 4023 02:58:50,640 --> 02:58:52,160 43% COMPARED TO 21% OF THE 4024 02:58:52,160 --> 02:58:52,960 CONTROL GROUP. 4025 02:58:52,960 --> 02:58:58,800 WHAT I'M NOT SHOWING HERE IS WE 4026 02:58:58,800 --> 02:59:03,440 ALSO LOOKED AT FRAMINGHAM RISK 4027 02:59:03,440 --> 02:59:08,400 SCORES TO DECREASE TEN YEARS, 4028 02:59:08,400 --> 02:59:09,240 USING FRAMINGHAM CALCULATOR. 4029 02:59:09,240 --> 02:59:12,960 THOSE WHO RECEIVED THE HULA, 4030 02:59:12,960 --> 02:59:14,400 THEIR RISK WAS DROPPED TWO 4031 02:59:14,400 --> 02:59:16,320 TIMES -- TWO TIMES GREATER 4032 02:59:16,320 --> 02:59:18,800 REDUCTION IN TEN-YEAR RISK THAN 4033 02:59:18,800 --> 02:59:19,400 THE CONTROL GROUP, PUBLISHED 4034 02:59:19,400 --> 02:59:23,320 RECENTLY IN THE ANNALS OF 4035 02:59:23,320 --> 02:59:24,440 BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE. 4036 02:59:24,440 --> 02:59:27,240 I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT EMPHASIZING 4037 02:59:27,240 --> 02:59:29,000 BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY-BRACED 4038 02:59:29,000 --> 02:59:29,560 PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND 4039 02:59:29,560 --> 02:59:30,640 CAPACITY BUILT IN THE 4040 02:59:30,640 --> 02:59:31,920 COMMUNITIES. 4041 02:59:31,920 --> 02:59:37,080 I KNOW IT'S OFTEN CRITICIZED, 4042 02:59:37,080 --> 02:59:38,720 CBPR IS CRITICIZED REGARDING 4043 02:59:38,720 --> 02:59:39,640 TRUE CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE, 4044 02:59:39,640 --> 02:59:41,240 TAKES TOO LONG, OTHER THINGS. 4045 02:59:41,240 --> 02:59:42,600 BENEFITS ARE TREMENDOUS TO OUR 4046 02:59:42,600 --> 02:59:43,040 COMMUNITIES. 4047 02:59:43,040 --> 02:59:43,760 AND SO FORTH. 4048 02:59:43,760 --> 02:59:45,920 I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT HERE ONE OF 4049 02:59:45,920 --> 02:59:46,840 OUR COMMUNITY PARTNERS, AMONG 4050 02:59:46,840 --> 02:59:53,280 MANY, ON THE RIGHT IS THE 4051 02:59:53,280 --> 02:59:55,000 NETWORK, THE COMMUNITIES ENGAGED 4052 02:59:55,000 --> 02:59:56,360 OVER THE YEARS, CONDUCTED 4053 02:59:56,360 --> 02:59:58,400 RESEARCH WITH, SOME WAYS OR TO 4054 02:59:58,400 --> 03:00:04,200 SOME DEGREE, BUT ONE OF THEM IS 4055 03:00:04,200 --> 03:00:06,000 THIS NON-PROFIT THAT SERVES 4056 03:00:06,000 --> 03:00:06,640 NATIVE HAWAIIAN COMMUNITIES AND 4057 03:00:06,640 --> 03:00:12,720 AS A RESULT OF THE CBPR CAPACITY 4058 03:00:12,720 --> 03:00:14,160 BUILDING, CAPACITY BUILDING 4059 03:00:14,160 --> 03:00:15,880 BECAUSE OF THE CBPR PROJECT OVER 4060 03:00:15,880 --> 03:00:18,400 11 YEARS THEY HAVE BEEN ABLE TO 4061 03:00:18,400 --> 03:00:20,000 LEVERAGE AND LESSONS LEARNED TO 4062 03:00:20,000 --> 03:00:21,040 SECURE FUNDING OVER $10 MILLION 4063 03:00:21,040 --> 03:00:22,600 FOR THEIR COMMUNITIES, SO FORTH. 4064 03:00:22,600 --> 03:00:24,560 YOU CAN SEE THAT. 4065 03:00:24,560 --> 03:00:26,720 I'LL END WITH -- I'M RUNNING OUT 4066 03:00:26,720 --> 03:00:29,360 OF TIME, A LITTLE BEHIND. 4067 03:00:29,360 --> 03:00:31,000 WE'RE PARTICIPATING IN THE 4068 03:00:31,000 --> 03:00:31,640 HEALTH DISPARITIES TRAINING 4069 03:00:31,640 --> 03:00:33,720 PROGRAM, I'M TURNING MY 4070 03:00:33,720 --> 03:00:36,360 ATTENTION TO THE WORKFORCE 4071 03:00:36,360 --> 03:00:39,200 DIVERSITY INITIATIVES, AND 4072 03:00:39,200 --> 03:00:40,280 FUNDED THROUGH NIMH. 4073 03:00:40,280 --> 03:00:41,800 WE HAVE GREAT SUCCESS WITH THIS. 4074 03:00:41,800 --> 03:00:47,360 WE WERE PART OF THE FIRST ROUND 4075 03:00:47,360 --> 03:00:54,160 OF THE INTERNATIONAL PIECE, WITH 4076 03:00:54,160 --> 03:00:56,920 KARINA WALTERS, WE'RE ABLE OVER 4077 03:00:56,920 --> 03:00:58,600 THE FIVE YEARS TO GET 16 NATIVE 4078 03:00:58,600 --> 03:00:59,760 HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS 4079 03:00:59,760 --> 03:01:00,400 TO PARTICIPATE. 4080 03:01:00,400 --> 03:01:02,600 YOU CAN SEE THE NUMBERS HERE. 4081 03:01:02,600 --> 03:01:05,320 WHAT I'LL SAY ABOUT THIS THE 4082 03:01:05,320 --> 03:01:07,120 MAJORITY HAVE GONE ON TO 4083 03:01:07,120 --> 03:01:08,480 MASTER'S DEGREE, SOME TO APPLY 4084 03:01:08,480 --> 03:01:10,480 TO MEDICAL SCHOOL, A FEW 4085 03:01:10,480 --> 03:01:12,600 COMPLETED THEIR Ph.D. 4086 03:01:12,600 --> 03:01:13,000 PROGRAMS. 4087 03:01:13,000 --> 03:01:18,520 ONE THING THAT WAS REPORTED TO 4088 03:01:18,520 --> 03:01:19,840 US CONSISTENTLY BY ALL 4089 03:01:19,840 --> 03:01:20,760 PARTICIPANTS THIS EXPERIENCE WAS 4090 03:01:20,760 --> 03:01:22,240 LIFE CHANGING FOR THEM. 4091 03:01:22,240 --> 03:01:24,760 THEY ALL WENT TO NEW ZEALAND AS 4092 03:01:24,760 --> 03:01:25,800 OUR -- WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL 4093 03:01:25,800 --> 03:01:27,400 PARTNERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 4094 03:01:27,400 --> 03:01:29,120 AUCKLAND, SPENT TEN YEARS THERE, 4095 03:01:29,120 --> 03:01:33,720 OVER THE SUMMER TO LEARN ABOUT 4096 03:01:33,720 --> 03:01:35,240 DOING RESEARCH, INDIGENOUS 4097 03:01:35,240 --> 03:01:36,360 COMMUNITIES, MANY MALDI AND 4098 03:01:36,360 --> 03:01:37,120 PACIFIC ISLAND COMMUNITIES 4099 03:01:37,120 --> 03:01:37,320 THERE. 4100 03:01:37,320 --> 03:01:40,200 WE HAVE SEEN A TREND OF SUCCESS. 4101 03:01:40,200 --> 03:01:41,520 MANY STUDENTS ARE GRADUATE 4102 03:01:41,520 --> 03:01:44,440 ASSISTANTS ON MY RESEARCH 4103 03:01:44,440 --> 03:01:44,720 PROJECTS. 4104 03:01:44,720 --> 03:01:51,840 THE OTHER ONE, DR. NURAKAR, WE 4105 03:01:51,840 --> 03:01:52,840 CURRENTLY HAVE, OUR TRAINING, I 4106 03:01:52,840 --> 03:01:54,840 JOINED HIM FOR THE SECOND ROUND 4107 03:01:54,840 --> 03:01:56,160 OF FUNDING. 4108 03:01:56,160 --> 03:01:57,120 AGAIN, WE'RE HAVING GREAT 4109 03:01:57,120 --> 03:01:57,360 SUCCESS. 4110 03:01:57,360 --> 03:01:59,960 ALL OF OUR STUDENTS THAT WE'RE 4111 03:01:59,960 --> 03:02:02,040 FUNDING ARE FROM 4112 03:02:02,040 --> 03:02:03,560 UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY 4113 03:02:03,560 --> 03:02:08,400 GROUPS, 24% NATIVE HAWAIIAN 4114 03:02:08,400 --> 03:02:10,840 PACIFIC ISLANDERS, 43% FILIPINO, 4115 03:02:10,840 --> 03:02:12,240 GOING ON TO HEALTH-RELATED 4116 03:02:12,240 --> 03:02:13,920 FIELDS, MEDICAL SCHOOL AND SO 4117 03:02:13,920 --> 03:02:15,000 FORTH. 4118 03:02:15,000 --> 03:02:20,360 THE OTHER THING WE'RE BUILDING 4119 03:02:20,360 --> 03:02:23,120 THE CAPACITY, RCMI PROGRAM THAT 4120 03:02:23,120 --> 03:02:28,200 NIMHD OVERSEES, OLA HAWAII IS 4121 03:02:28,200 --> 03:02:28,560 ONE. 4122 03:02:28,560 --> 03:02:39,480 DR. JERRIS HEDGES, NOR EEN 4123 03:02:39,480 --> 03:02:41,160 MOKAUA HEADS UP. 4124 03:02:41,160 --> 03:02:48,000 EVERY DOLLAR, FIFER DOLLARS IN 4125 03:02:48,000 --> 03:02:48,240 RETURN. 4126 03:02:48,240 --> 03:02:50,760 ABOUT $3 GETTING -- SECURING OUR 4127 03:02:50,760 --> 03:02:52,400 RELATED PROJECTS FROM OUR 4128 03:02:52,400 --> 03:02:52,800 INVESTIGATORS. 4129 03:02:52,800 --> 03:03:01,720 I WANT TO SHARE BRIEFLY THAT 4130 03:03:01,720 --> 03:03:04,840 FUNDED TO BUILD RESEARCH TO 4131 03:03:04,840 --> 03:03:08,560 ADDRESS OUR STATEWIDE -- BUILD A 4132 03:03:08,560 --> 03:03:10,840 STATEWIDE INFRASTRUCTURE TO DO 4133 03:03:10,840 --> 03:03:13,120 CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL 4134 03:03:13,120 --> 03:03:14,240 RESEARCH, DR. PALAFOX IS JOINING 4135 03:03:14,240 --> 03:03:19,320 ME AS A PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 4136 03:03:19,320 --> 03:03:22,040 A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN OUR THREE 4137 03:03:22,040 --> 03:03:24,600 LARGEST INSURE EXCLUSIONS, 4138 03:03:24,600 --> 03:03:27,880 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, HAWAII 4139 03:03:27,880 --> 03:03:28,960 PACIFIC, IT'S STATEWIDE, A 4140 03:03:28,960 --> 03:03:31,080 PARTNERSHIP WITH THREE OTHER 4141 03:03:31,080 --> 03:03:32,800 MAJOR UNIVERSITIES BUILDING 4142 03:03:32,800 --> 03:03:34,640 CAPACITY IN THOSE INSTITUTIONS, 4143 03:03:34,640 --> 03:03:38,400 THE OTHER A STRONG EMPHASIS ON 4144 03:03:38,400 --> 03:03:51,680 T3 TO T5 RESEARCH, OVEREMPHASIS 4145 03:03:51,680 --> 03:03:53,360 ON T1, COMPLEMENTING IN MANY 4146 03:03:53,360 --> 03:03:53,760 WAYS. 4147 03:03:53,760 --> 03:03:56,520 I WANT TO EMPHASIZE OUR EMERGING 4148 03:03:56,520 --> 03:04:00,880 RESEARCHERS, SOME WHO EMERGED, 4149 03:04:00,880 --> 03:04:04,160 ONE IS ALIKA, FROM NIMHD, I 4150 03:04:04,160 --> 03:04:12,800 RECENTLY AWARDED TO LOOK AT 4151 03:04:12,800 --> 03:04:14,800 SOCIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF 4152 03:04:14,800 --> 03:04:17,480 IMMUNOEPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OF 4153 03:04:17,480 --> 03:04:19,880 DIABETES. 4154 03:04:19,880 --> 03:04:20,760 AND RESEARCHERS, BACKGROUNDS 4155 03:04:20,760 --> 03:04:22,840 FROM NHPI OR HAVE A STRONG 4156 03:04:22,840 --> 03:04:24,160 INTEREST, FROM THOSE GETTING 4157 03:04:24,160 --> 03:04:26,000 PILOT FUNDING AND BEGINNING 4158 03:04:26,000 --> 03:04:33,680 THEIR CAREERS TO SOMEONE LIKE 4159 03:04:33,680 --> 03:04:35,560 DR. POKRREL WHO HAS THREE 4160 03:04:35,560 --> 03:04:37,960 R01s, STARTED WITH PILOT 4161 03:04:37,960 --> 03:04:39,280 FUNDING. 4162 03:04:39,280 --> 03:04:40,680 I WANT TO END WITH CHALLENGES 4163 03:04:40,680 --> 03:04:47,120 THAT REMAIN THAT I WANT TO 4164 03:04:47,120 --> 03:04:49,000 EMPHASIZE. 4165 03:04:49,000 --> 03:04:50,640 NIH INVESTMENT IN STUDIES 4166 03:04:50,640 --> 03:04:52,960 FOCUSED ON NHPI IS LOW. 4167 03:04:52,960 --> 03:04:56,400 ONLY 17% OF THE TOTAL NIH BUDGET 4168 03:04:56,400 --> 03:05:02,640 WENT TO PROJECTS THAT INCLUDED 4169 03:05:02,640 --> 03:05:03,840 NHPIs, THAT'S UNACCEPTABLE. 4170 03:05:03,840 --> 03:05:06,480 THERE'S A PRACTICE OF 4171 03:05:06,480 --> 03:05:08,560 AGGREGATING DATA WITH ASIAN 4172 03:05:08,560 --> 03:05:09,840 POPULATIONS OTHER OTHER 4173 03:05:09,840 --> 03:05:11,480 CATEGORIES, RENDERING OUR 4174 03:05:11,480 --> 03:05:12,600 COMMUNITIES INVISIBLE. 4175 03:05:12,600 --> 03:05:15,400 I APPRECIATE NOW THAT THERE'S A 4176 03:05:15,400 --> 03:05:16,200 MOVE TOWARDS DISAGGREGATION AND 4177 03:05:16,200 --> 03:05:18,000 SERIOUS EFFORT TO DO THAT. 4178 03:05:18,000 --> 03:05:19,720 UNFORTUNATELY NOT EVERYONE'S 4179 03:05:19,720 --> 03:05:20,880 DOING THAT AND CONTINUES TO BE 4180 03:05:20,880 --> 03:05:22,800 PROBLEMATIC FOR US. 4181 03:05:22,800 --> 03:05:24,480 THERE'S A LACK OF CONSULTATION 4182 03:05:24,480 --> 03:05:26,000 WITH AND INCLUSION OF NHPI 4183 03:05:26,000 --> 03:05:27,080 LEADERS IN ORGANIZATION BY 4184 03:05:27,080 --> 03:05:29,600 FEDERAL AGENCIES, WE SAW THAT IN 4185 03:05:29,600 --> 03:05:31,360 THE COVID CRISIS IN WHICH WE 4186 03:05:31,360 --> 03:05:32,120 WEREN'T -- OUR ORGANIZATIONS TO 4187 03:05:32,120 --> 03:05:33,200 ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF OUR 4188 03:05:33,200 --> 03:05:34,760 COMMUNITIES WEREN'T THE ONES 4189 03:05:34,760 --> 03:05:36,200 THAT WERE APPROACHED. 4190 03:05:36,200 --> 03:05:39,160 IT WAS ONES FAMILIAR TO AGENCIES 4191 03:05:39,160 --> 03:05:42,080 WHO PRETTY MUCH PREDOMINANTLY 4192 03:05:42,080 --> 03:05:43,960 SERVED OTHER RACIAL/ETHNIC 4193 03:05:43,960 --> 03:05:46,000 GROUPS, WE WERE INCLUDED BUT NOT 4194 03:05:46,000 --> 03:05:47,040 TO THE EXTENT COMMENSURATE TO 4195 03:05:47,040 --> 03:05:49,400 THE PROBLEMS WE'RE SEEING. 4196 03:05:49,400 --> 03:05:51,600 THE OTHER IS WE'RE ABSENT IN 4197 03:05:51,600 --> 03:05:53,440 CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH 4198 03:05:53,440 --> 03:05:56,320 MORE BROADLY, PART IS DISTRUST, 4199 03:05:56,320 --> 03:05:58,960 THE OTHER IS WE'RE, AGAIN, 4200 03:05:58,960 --> 03:05:59,800 INVISIBLE BECAUSE WE'RE 4201 03:05:59,800 --> 03:06:02,640 AGGREGATED WHERE WE ARE 4202 03:06:02,640 --> 03:06:03,000 INCLUDED. 4203 03:06:03,000 --> 03:06:06,480 TOO FEW NHPI FACULTY AND 4204 03:06:06,480 --> 03:06:11,400 MENTORS, THE ONES WE HAVE ARE 4205 03:06:11,400 --> 03:06:12,280 TAXED MENTORING JUNIOR FACULTY 4206 03:06:12,280 --> 03:06:13,640 AND THOSE INTERESTED IN THE 4207 03:06:13,640 --> 03:06:16,200 AREA, SLOWING DOWN THIS PROCESS. 4208 03:06:16,200 --> 03:06:18,280 PATHWAY IS STILL FRAGMENTS TO 4209 03:06:18,280 --> 03:06:19,000 CAREER AND HEALTH SCIENCES, 4210 03:06:19,000 --> 03:06:21,320 PEOPLE STILL HAVE TO FIND THEIR 4211 03:06:21,320 --> 03:06:23,080 WAY IN THIS PATH THAT'S OFTEN 4212 03:06:23,080 --> 03:06:23,880 DIFFICULT TO NAVIGATE. 4213 03:06:23,880 --> 03:06:28,200 WE NEED TO FIND WAYS TO MAKE IT 4214 03:06:28,200 --> 03:06:29,240 OF SEAMLESS TRANSITION FROM ONE 4215 03:06:29,240 --> 03:06:31,280 STAGE OF CAREER TO THE NEXT. 4216 03:06:31,280 --> 03:06:33,520 THERE'S OVEREMPHASIS ON GENETIC 4217 03:06:33,520 --> 03:06:34,360 AND BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS. 4218 03:06:34,360 --> 03:06:35,320 OUR COMMUNITIES ARE TELLING US 4219 03:06:35,320 --> 03:06:37,400 THEY ARE TIRED OF BEING SURVEYED 4220 03:06:37,400 --> 03:06:38,800 AND INTERVIEWED, THEY WANT 4221 03:06:38,800 --> 03:06:39,320 SOLUTIONS. 4222 03:06:39,320 --> 03:06:41,600 SO WE NEED TO FOCUS MORE ON 4223 03:06:41,600 --> 03:06:44,000 INTERVENTION RESEARCH WITH OUR 4224 03:06:44,000 --> 03:06:45,600 COMMUNITIES TO BEGIN ADDRESSING 4225 03:06:45,600 --> 03:06:46,600 MORE DIRECTLY THE HEALTH 4226 03:06:46,600 --> 03:06:48,880 INEQUITIES THEY ARE 4227 03:06:48,880 --> 03:06:49,200 EXPERIENCING. 4228 03:06:49,200 --> 03:06:53,400 WITH THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME. 4229 03:06:53,400 --> 03:06:57,280 MAHALA. 4230 03:06:57,280 --> 03:06:59,760 4231 03:06:59,760 --> 03:07:00,720 >> THANK SO MUCH, KEAWE. 4232 03:07:00,720 --> 03:07:02,120 WE'RE PAST TIME. 4233 03:07:02,120 --> 03:07:04,800 WE HAD SCHEDULED A BREAK. 4234 03:07:04,800 --> 03:07:07,080 ESTEBAN HAD A QUESTION ABOUT THE 4235 03:07:07,080 --> 03:07:08,320 FRAMINGHAM SCORE, HOW WELL DOES 4236 03:07:08,320 --> 03:07:09,440 IT GENERALIZE TO NATIVE 4237 03:07:09,440 --> 03:07:12,200 HAWAIIANS, DO YOU HAVE AN ANSWER 4238 03:07:12,200 --> 03:07:15,520 TO THAT, KEAWE? 4239 03:07:15,520 --> 03:07:17,360 >> I DON'T KNOW, IT'S NEVER BEEN 4240 03:07:17,360 --> 03:07:19,560 VALIDATED WITH NATIVE HAWAIIANS. 4241 03:07:19,560 --> 03:07:21,280 SOMEWHAT VALIDATED WITH SOME 4242 03:07:21,280 --> 03:07:22,560 AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES. 4243 03:07:22,560 --> 03:07:30,320 WE LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT RISK 4244 03:07:30,320 --> 03:07:31,960 SCORES, CALCULATORS AND DECIDED 4245 03:07:31,960 --> 03:07:33,040 FRAMINGHAM WAS PERHAPS THE 4246 03:07:33,040 --> 03:07:34,240 BETTER ONE. 4247 03:07:34,240 --> 03:07:35,120 YEAH, IT'S STILL QUESTIONABLE 4248 03:07:35,120 --> 03:07:37,000 HOW VALID THAT IS AND WHAT DOES 4249 03:07:37,000 --> 03:07:38,200 IT MEAN, THE REDUCTIONS WE'RE 4250 03:07:38,200 --> 03:07:39,600 SEEING, WHAT DOES IT MEAN. 4251 03:07:39,600 --> 03:07:41,680 WHAT I CAN SAY, THE CHANGE IS 4252 03:07:41,680 --> 03:07:43,800 SIGNIFICANT, THAT THERE IS A 4253 03:07:43,800 --> 03:07:45,080 CHANGE IN THAT PERCENT 4254 03:07:45,080 --> 03:07:46,760 REDUCTION, BUT WHAT DOES IT 4255 03:07:46,760 --> 03:07:47,800 ACTUALLY MEAN? 4256 03:07:47,800 --> 03:07:50,360 WE DON'T KNOW. 4257 03:07:50,360 --> 03:07:52,640 >> OKAY. 4258 03:07:52,640 --> 03:07:53,200 THANK YOU. 4259 03:07:53,200 --> 03:07:55,920 SO, LET ME TAKE THE PREROGATIVE 4260 03:07:55,920 --> 03:07:57,920 OF -- ARE WE SUPPOSED TO TAKE A 4261 03:07:57,920 --> 03:07:58,560 BREAK NOW, DENICE? 4262 03:07:58,560 --> 03:07:59,320 >> YES. 4263 03:07:59,320 --> 03:08:00,840 WE CAN TAKE A BRIEF BREAK. 4264 03:08:00,840 --> 03:08:02,800 PEOPLE WOULD LIKE TO STAND UP 4265 03:08:02,800 --> 03:08:03,040 PERHAPS. 4266 03:08:03,040 --> 03:08:04,120 >> ALL RIGHT. 4267 03:08:04,120 --> 03:08:07,400 >> AND STRETCH. 4268 03:08:07,400 --> 03:08:10,080 >> LET'S COME BACK AT 2:45 AND 4269 03:08:10,080 --> 03:08:11,400 WE'LL CONTINUE WITH PEBBLES. 4270 03:08:11,400 --> 03:08:16,520 THANK YOU. 4271 03:08:16,520 --> 03:08:19,160 >> THANK YOU. 4272 03:08:19,160 --> 03:08:20,280 >>LET'S RECONVENE. 4273 03:08:20,280 --> 03:08:22,960 OUR FINAL PRESENTATION IS FROM 4274 03:08:22,960 --> 03:08:24,080 PEBBLES FAGAN, WHO IS A 4275 03:08:24,080 --> 03:08:26,080 PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR OF THE 4276 03:08:26,080 --> 03:08:29,040 CENTER FOR STUDY OF TOBACCO IN 4277 03:08:29,040 --> 03:08:30,760 THE COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 4278 03:08:30,760 --> 03:08:34,840 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR, 4279 03:08:34,840 --> 03:08:36,800 HEALTH EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF 4280 03:08:36,800 --> 03:08:38,160 MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS 4281 03:08:38,160 --> 03:08:38,880 FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES. 4282 03:08:38,880 --> 03:08:41,200 SHE ALSO IS A SENIOR ADVISER TO 4283 03:08:41,200 --> 03:08:44,840 DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF 4284 03:08:44,840 --> 03:08:45,800 SMOKING AND HEALTH CENTERS FOR 4285 03:08:45,800 --> 03:08:48,520 DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. 4286 03:08:48,520 --> 03:08:51,560 PEBBLES WAS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 4287 03:08:51,560 --> 03:08:53,080 HAWAII, CANCER CENTER THERE, 4288 03:08:53,080 --> 03:08:54,720 WHERE SHE WAS PROGRAM DIRECTOR 4289 03:08:54,720 --> 03:08:58,000 FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL 4290 03:08:58,000 --> 03:09:01,240 PROGRAM AND PRIOR TO THAT SHE 4291 03:09:01,240 --> 03:09:03,760 WAS AT NCI, PROGRAM OFFICER. 4292 03:09:03,760 --> 03:09:09,440 I MET HER THROUGH THAT NETWORK 4293 03:09:09,440 --> 03:09:12,520 IN I THINK 2006, THE TREND 4294 03:09:12,520 --> 03:09:15,680 GROUP, TOBACCO RESEARCH NETWORK 4295 03:09:15,680 --> 03:09:18,160 ON DISPARITIES. 4296 03:09:18,160 --> 03:09:19,920 AND WE WORKED, COLLABORATED, SAW 4297 03:09:19,920 --> 03:09:23,960 EACH OTHER A COUPLE TIMES A YEAR 4298 03:09:23,960 --> 03:09:25,840 FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS BEFORE SHE 4299 03:09:25,840 --> 03:09:26,680 LEFT NIH. 4300 03:09:26,680 --> 03:09:27,800 I'M REALLY PLEASED TO HAVE HER 4301 03:09:27,800 --> 03:09:32,920 COME AND PRESENT TO US TODAY. 4302 03:09:32,920 --> 03:09:34,360 HER TITLE IS SAVING OUR 4303 03:09:34,360 --> 03:09:39,160 COMMUNITIES, THE ROLE OF POLICY 4304 03:09:39,160 --> 03:09:41,960 AND COMMUNITY INTERVENTION. 4305 03:09:41,960 --> 03:09:42,880 >> THANK YOU, ELISEO, THANK 4306 03:09:42,880 --> 03:09:44,320 EVERYONE FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 4307 03:09:44,320 --> 03:09:46,360 PRESENT IN THIS PLATFORM. 4308 03:09:46,360 --> 03:09:49,760 AND I WANT TO THANK KEAWE FOR 4309 03:09:49,760 --> 03:09:51,600 LETTING ME FOLLOW HIM AS WELL. 4310 03:09:51,600 --> 03:09:55,320 AND SO MANY OF THE ISSUES HE 4311 03:09:55,320 --> 03:09:57,960 FACES IN HAWAII ARE THE SAME 4312 03:09:57,960 --> 03:10:01,280 ISSUES THAT WE FACE IN OUR 4313 03:10:01,280 --> 03:10:03,320 GEOGRAPHIC REGION OF ARKANSAS. 4314 03:10:03,320 --> 03:10:07,040 AND SO I'M GOING TO ACTUALLY DO 4315 03:10:07,040 --> 03:10:09,360 A COUPLE OF THINGS TODAY. 4316 03:10:09,360 --> 03:10:13,440 ONE, I WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE 4317 03:10:13,440 --> 03:10:16,600 CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT 4318 03:10:16,600 --> 03:10:18,760 INFLUENCE ON YOU RULE 4319 03:10:18,760 --> 03:10:19,320 COMMUNITIES ACCESS 4320 03:10:19,320 --> 03:10:20,080 EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION, AND 4321 03:10:20,080 --> 03:10:21,880 EXAMPLES I WILL USE TODAY FOCUS 4322 03:10:21,880 --> 03:10:25,680 ON TOBACCO USE AND EXPOSURE IN 4323 03:10:25,680 --> 03:10:26,920 THE CURRENT PANDEMIC OF 4324 03:10:26,920 --> 03:10:27,160 COVID-19. 4325 03:10:27,160 --> 03:10:31,480 I WANT TO DISCUSS THE REACH OF 4326 03:10:31,480 --> 03:10:32,040 COMMUNITY AND POLICY 4327 03:10:32,040 --> 03:10:33,120 INTERVENTIONS, TO RURAL AREAS, 4328 03:10:33,120 --> 03:10:35,920 WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON AFRICAN 4329 03:10:35,920 --> 03:10:37,520 AMERICAN POPULATIONS. 4330 03:10:37,520 --> 03:10:39,440 AND REALLY ONLY HAVE ONE 4331 03:10:39,440 --> 03:10:41,000 RECOMMENDATION FOR RESEARCH 4332 03:10:41,000 --> 03:10:42,280 TRAINING AND PRACTICE AND 4333 03:10:42,280 --> 03:10:44,160 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT THAT I 4334 03:10:44,160 --> 03:10:47,080 THINK IS VALID AND IMPORTANT AND 4335 03:10:47,080 --> 03:10:49,200 RELEVANT FOR THE CLIMATE TODAY. 4336 03:10:49,200 --> 03:10:52,400 AND SO LED ME FIRST TALK ABOUT 4337 03:10:52,400 --> 03:10:55,680 SOME OF THESE CONTEXTUAL FACTORS 4338 03:10:55,680 --> 03:10:57,400 THAT INFLUENCE RURAL 4339 03:10:57,400 --> 03:10:58,560 COMMUNITIES' ACCESS TO 4340 03:10:58,560 --> 03:10:59,680 EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS AND 4341 03:10:59,680 --> 03:11:01,920 PRACTICES RELATED TO TOBACCO USE 4342 03:11:01,920 --> 03:11:02,920 AND EXPOSURE. 4343 03:11:02,920 --> 03:11:04,840 IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THAT 4344 03:11:04,840 --> 03:11:07,600 CONTEXT, I HAVE TO PUT A FACE ON 4345 03:11:07,600 --> 03:11:10,080 THIS FOR MANY OF YOU WHO MAY NOT 4346 03:11:10,080 --> 03:11:14,960 KNOW MUCH ABOUT THE STATE OF 4347 03:11:14,960 --> 03:11:16,520 ARKANSAS, THE CONTEXT INCLUDES 4348 03:11:16,520 --> 03:11:17,920 PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATIONS THAT 4349 03:11:17,920 --> 03:11:20,080 HELP TO FACILITATE THE RESEARCH 4350 03:11:20,080 --> 03:11:22,560 AND PRACTICE IN RURAL 4351 03:11:22,560 --> 03:11:23,040 COMMUNITIES. 4352 03:11:23,040 --> 03:11:26,320 THESE INCLUDE CHURCHES AND WOMEN 4353 03:11:26,320 --> 03:11:29,760 IN SORORITIES AND BUSINESSES, 4354 03:11:29,760 --> 03:11:31,720 SCHOOLS, COMMUNITY HEALTH 4355 03:11:31,720 --> 03:11:32,920 WORKERS, EXTENSION SERVICE 4356 03:11:32,920 --> 03:11:36,920 WORKERS, AND MANY VOLUNTEERS IN 4357 03:11:36,920 --> 03:11:39,720 THESE COMMUNITIES THAT HELP MAKE 4358 03:11:39,720 --> 03:11:40,960 THESE PROJECTS RUN. 4359 03:11:40,960 --> 03:11:43,760 I HAVE TO MAKE ONE COMMENT ABOUT 4360 03:11:43,760 --> 03:11:47,360 THAT AS WELL, WHICH IS THAT IN A 4361 03:11:47,360 --> 03:11:53,360 VERY LOW RESOURCE STATE THAT IS 4362 03:11:53,360 --> 03:11:55,320 POLITICALLY, ECONOMICALLY, 4363 03:11:55,320 --> 03:11:56,240 EDUCATIONALLY SUPPRESSED, I HAVE 4364 03:11:56,240 --> 03:11:59,840 NEVER SEEN SO MUCH VOLUNTEERISM 4365 03:11:59,840 --> 03:12:03,080 ANYPLACE THAT I'VE BEEN AND 4366 03:12:03,080 --> 03:12:07,000 WILLINGNESS FOR PEOPLE AND 4367 03:12:07,000 --> 03:12:07,720 COMMUNITIES TO REALLY ASSIST AND 4368 03:12:07,720 --> 03:12:11,080 HELP MOVE SOME OF THE RESEARCH 4369 03:12:11,080 --> 03:12:11,320 FORWARD. 4370 03:12:11,320 --> 03:12:13,480 SO, I'VE ENJOYED THAT SINCE I 4371 03:12:13,480 --> 03:12:15,880 HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN IN THE STATE 4372 03:12:15,880 --> 03:12:16,400 OF ARKANSAS. 4373 03:12:16,400 --> 03:12:19,040 AND, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE TALK 4374 03:12:19,040 --> 03:12:21,760 ABOUT CONTEXT WE ALWAYS TALK 4375 03:12:21,760 --> 03:12:25,280 ABOUT THINGS SUCH AS, YOU KNOW, 4376 03:12:25,280 --> 03:12:27,520 WHAT COMMUNITIES, YOU KNOW, THE 4377 03:12:27,520 --> 03:12:29,920 CONTEXT OF YOUR COMMUNITY 4378 03:12:29,920 --> 03:12:32,720 RELATED TO WHERE PEOPLE LIVE, 4379 03:12:32,720 --> 03:12:34,760 WORK, AND PLAY. 4380 03:12:34,760 --> 03:12:36,320 AND FIRST OF ALL, THE PROBLEM I 4381 03:12:36,320 --> 03:12:38,320 HAVE WITH THAT IS THAT THEY 4382 03:12:38,320 --> 03:12:42,840 FIRST HAVE TO BE WORKING AND 4383 03:12:42,840 --> 03:12:45,520 THEY MUST HAVE RECREATIONAL 4384 03:12:45,520 --> 03:12:47,920 PLACES IN ORDER TO PLAY. 4385 03:12:47,920 --> 03:12:51,080 AND IN THESE RURAL COMMUNITIES, 4386 03:12:51,080 --> 03:12:53,160 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ARE EXTREMELY 4387 03:12:53,160 --> 03:12:54,560 HIGH AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES 4388 03:12:54,560 --> 03:12:57,200 ARE LOW. 4389 03:12:57,200 --> 03:13:01,040 HERE YOU SEE PICTURES OF 4390 03:13:01,040 --> 03:13:02,680 DOWNTOWN HELENA, WHICH IS IN 4391 03:13:02,680 --> 03:13:05,520 PHILIP COUNTY, IT'S ONE OF THE 4392 03:13:05,520 --> 03:13:07,000 COUNTIES AND A COUNTY SEAT WHERE 4393 03:13:07,000 --> 03:13:15,320 WE DO A LOT OF OUR WORK. 4394 03:13:15,320 --> 03:13:18,000 YOU SEE PICTURES OF MARVEL, ONE 4395 03:13:18,000 --> 03:13:20,880 OF THE SCHOOLS, MARVEL, 4396 03:13:20,880 --> 03:13:21,960 ARKANSAS, WHERE WE DO 4397 03:13:21,960 --> 03:13:22,840 COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES. 4398 03:13:22,840 --> 03:13:24,680 THIS GIVES YOU AN IDEA WHAT THE 4399 03:13:24,680 --> 03:13:26,760 SETTING LOOKS LIKE FOR THIS 4400 03:13:26,760 --> 03:13:28,720 PARTICULAR STUDY THAT WAS FUNDED 4401 03:13:28,720 --> 03:13:29,840 BY NIMHD. 4402 03:13:29,840 --> 03:13:34,000 SO I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT SOME 4403 03:13:34,000 --> 03:13:36,640 ADDITIONAL CONTEXTUAL THINGS TO 4404 03:13:36,640 --> 03:13:39,280 THE STUDY, REDUCING TOBACCO 4405 03:13:39,280 --> 03:13:43,320 EXPOSURES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN 4406 03:13:43,320 --> 03:13:44,160 SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED WOMEN 4407 03:13:44,160 --> 03:13:49,000 CAREGIVERS IN THE ARKANSAS DELTA 4408 03:13:49,000 --> 03:13:51,640 REGION FUNDED BY THE CENTERS FOR 4409 03:13:51,640 --> 03:13:53,280 EXCELLENCE FOR RESEARCH, ONE OF 4410 03:13:53,280 --> 03:13:55,400 TWO RESEARCH PROJECTS FUNDED 4411 03:13:55,400 --> 03:13:57,240 UNDER THAT PARTICULAR MECHANISM. 4412 03:13:57,240 --> 03:14:00,720 WE CALL THIS PROJECT FAMILIES 4413 03:14:00,720 --> 03:14:05,080 RISING TO ENFORCE SMOKE-FREE 4414 03:14:05,080 --> 03:14:05,480 HOMES. 4415 03:14:05,480 --> 03:14:07,520 AND IT'S A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 4416 03:14:07,520 --> 03:14:10,280 THAT PARTICULAR PROJECT TO 4417 03:14:10,280 --> 03:14:12,600 PROVIDE SOME CONTEXT. 4418 03:14:12,600 --> 03:14:14,800 FRESH IS AN ONGOING RANDOMIZED 4419 03:14:14,800 --> 03:14:16,000 CONTROL BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION 4420 03:14:16,000 --> 03:14:19,640 TRIAL THAT AIMS TO INCREASE 4421 03:14:19,640 --> 03:14:20,280 COMPREHENSIVE SMOKE-FREE 4422 03:14:20,280 --> 03:14:25,840 POLICIES IN THE HOME, PRIMARY 4423 03:14:25,840 --> 03:14:28,240 OUTCOME, QUITTING SMOKING AS 4424 03:14:28,240 --> 03:14:31,160 SECONDARY OUTCOME, FOCUSING ON 4425 03:14:31,160 --> 03:14:33,280 AFRICAN AMERICAN CAREGIVERS, 4426 03:14:33,280 --> 03:14:34,800 CURRENT CIGARETTE OR LITTLE 4427 03:14:34,800 --> 03:14:37,000 CIGAR SMOKERS IN LEE AND 4428 03:14:37,000 --> 03:14:39,160 PHILLIPS COUNTY IN RURAL 4429 03:14:39,160 --> 03:14:40,360 ARKANSAS. 4430 03:14:40,360 --> 03:14:44,680 THE SAMPLE WAS RECRUITED FROM 4431 03:14:44,680 --> 03:14:45,920 COUNTIES WHERE SMOKING 4432 03:14:45,920 --> 03:14:47,280 PREVALENCE ARE EXTREMELY HIGH, 4433 03:14:47,280 --> 03:14:50,720 SO THIS MAP ACTUALLY SHOWS YOU 4434 03:14:50,720 --> 03:14:54,280 THE LOCATION OF THE DELTA REGION 4435 03:14:54,280 --> 03:14:57,320 HIGHLIGHTED IN RED ON THIS MAP. 4436 03:14:57,320 --> 03:15:00,720 AND YOU HEAR A LOT ABOUT THE 4437 03:15:00,720 --> 03:15:04,920 DELTA REGION, BUT GETTING TO 4438 03:15:04,920 --> 03:15:08,680 KNOW IT IS AN EVEN IMPORTANT 4439 03:15:08,680 --> 03:15:09,480 STORY. 4440 03:15:09,480 --> 03:15:11,520 SO LEE, PHILLIPS COUNTY, THE 4441 03:15:11,520 --> 03:15:14,680 COUNTIES IN THE DARK PURPLE HAVE 4442 03:15:14,680 --> 03:15:17,400 SMOKING RATES THAT RANGE BETWEEN 4443 03:15:17,400 --> 03:15:18,160 23 AND 26%. 4444 03:15:18,160 --> 03:15:21,920 SO AS YOU CAN SEE, THESE SMOKING 4445 03:15:21,920 --> 03:15:24,720 RATES ARE NEARLY DOUBLE THE 4446 03:15:24,720 --> 03:15:27,840 NATIONAL AVERAGE, AND WE ALSO 4447 03:15:27,840 --> 03:15:30,200 KNOW THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS IN 4448 03:15:30,200 --> 03:15:33,440 PARTICULAR ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE 4449 03:15:33,440 --> 03:15:36,320 EXPOSED TO SECONDHAND SMOKE AND 4450 03:15:36,320 --> 03:15:39,400 LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE AND DEATH 4451 03:15:39,400 --> 03:15:42,560 RATES IN ARKANSAS AND AMONG 4452 03:15:42,560 --> 03:15:44,360 AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE HIGHER 4453 03:15:44,360 --> 03:15:46,320 THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE. 4454 03:15:46,320 --> 03:15:49,720 AND SO OUR STUDY SOUGHT TO 4455 03:15:49,720 --> 03:15:51,080 REALLY FOCUS ON SMOKE-FREE 4456 03:15:51,080 --> 03:15:52,880 POLICIES AS A PRIMARY OUTCOME 4457 03:15:52,880 --> 03:15:56,240 AND QUITTING AS A SECONDARY 4458 03:15:56,240 --> 03:15:58,200 OUTCOME BECAUSE OF THESE 4459 03:15:58,200 --> 03:16:01,680 CONTEXTUAL FACTORS. 4460 03:16:01,680 --> 03:16:05,840 IN ADDITION TO THESE PLACES 4461 03:16:05,840 --> 03:16:08,320 BEING IN LOW RESOURCE DELTA 4462 03:16:08,320 --> 03:16:11,960 REGIONS OF ARKANSAS, I WANT TO 4463 03:16:11,960 --> 03:16:15,760 NOTE THAT WE CONDUCTED OUR STUDY 4464 03:16:15,760 --> 03:16:18,320 IN FOUR COUNTIES, AND THEN THAT 4465 03:16:18,320 --> 03:16:22,760 INCLUDES WHERE WE DID OUR 4466 03:16:22,760 --> 03:16:25,400 FORMATIVE RESEARCH IN DESHA AND 4467 03:16:25,400 --> 03:16:26,600 CHICOT COUNTIES AND INTERVENTION 4468 03:16:26,600 --> 03:16:30,440 STUDY IN LEE AND PHILLIPS 4469 03:16:30,440 --> 03:16:34,800 COUNTY, WHERE THERE ARE HUGE 4470 03:16:34,800 --> 03:16:36,200 PROVIDER GAPS THAT IMPACT PEOPLE 4471 03:16:36,200 --> 03:16:38,840 CAN RECEIVE ADVICE TO QUIT OR 4472 03:16:38,840 --> 03:16:40,720 MOTIVATION TO KEEP THEIR HOME 4473 03:16:40,720 --> 03:16:43,200 SMOKE FREE FROM A HEALTH CARE 4474 03:16:43,200 --> 03:16:43,760 PROVIDER. 4475 03:16:43,760 --> 03:16:46,720 IN LEE COUNTY THE RATIO OF A 4476 03:16:46,720 --> 03:16:50,080 PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER TO 4477 03:16:50,080 --> 03:16:52,960 PATIENTS IS 3,340 PER 1 4478 03:16:52,960 --> 03:16:57,160 PROVIDER, AND IN PHILLIPS COUNTY 4479 03:16:57,160 --> 03:17:01,280 IT'S 2900 PER 1 PRIMARY CARE 4480 03:17:01,280 --> 03:17:02,440 PROVIDER. 4481 03:17:02,440 --> 03:17:05,600 ALL COUNTIES IN ARKANSAS ARE 4482 03:17:05,600 --> 03:17:07,480 CONSIDERED MEDICALLY 4483 03:17:07,480 --> 03:17:08,080 UNDERSERVED, PARTIALLY MEDICALLY 4484 03:17:08,080 --> 03:17:12,360 UNDERSERVED, SO WE HAVE TO COME 4485 03:17:12,360 --> 03:17:13,480 UP WITH ALTERNATIVE 4486 03:17:13,480 --> 03:17:18,840 INTERVENTIONS WHEN THEY ARE NOT 4487 03:17:18,840 --> 03:17:20,240 RECEIVING ADVICE TO QUIT, IN A 4488 03:17:20,240 --> 03:17:20,800 MEDICAL SETTING. 4489 03:17:20,800 --> 03:17:24,720 JUST TO GIVE YOU SOME MORE 4490 03:17:24,720 --> 03:17:27,040 CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE 4491 03:17:27,040 --> 03:17:28,760 FOUR COUNTIES THAT WE WORKED FOR 4492 03:17:28,760 --> 03:17:31,880 THE FIRST STUDY, FORMATIVE 4493 03:17:31,880 --> 03:17:33,880 RESEARCH AND RANDOMIZED TRIAL 4494 03:17:33,880 --> 03:17:35,880 THESE ARE RURAL COUNTIES, AGAIN. 4495 03:17:35,880 --> 03:17:38,080 THEY HAVE SOME OF THE LOWEST 4496 03:17:38,080 --> 03:17:40,240 HEALTH RANKINGS IN THE STATE. 4497 03:17:40,240 --> 03:17:41,520 THERE ARE ONLY 75 COUNTIES IN 4498 03:17:41,520 --> 03:17:42,680 THE STATE. 4499 03:17:42,680 --> 03:17:44,720 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT THEY RANK 4500 03:17:44,720 --> 03:17:49,720 AT THE BOTTOM OF THE LIST. 4501 03:17:49,720 --> 03:17:51,840 THESE COUNTIES HAVE MORE THAN 4502 03:17:51,840 --> 03:17:55,280 48% OF THE POPULATION WHO ARE 4503 03:17:55,280 --> 03:17:57,080 AFRICAN AMERICAN. 4504 03:17:57,080 --> 03:17:59,920 OBESITY RATES ARE QUITE HIGH. 4505 03:17:59,920 --> 03:18:03,440 EXCEEDING 70% IN ALL COUNTIES. 4506 03:18:03,440 --> 03:18:05,120 ONE-THIRD OF CHILDREN IN EACH OF 4507 03:18:05,120 --> 03:18:09,720 THESE COUNTIES ARE FOOD 4508 03:18:09,720 --> 03:18:11,520 INSECURE. 4509 03:18:11,520 --> 03:18:13,880 POVERTY RATES EXCEED 25%. 4510 03:18:13,880 --> 03:18:17,120 MORE THAN 47% OF PEOPLE IN EACH 4511 03:18:17,120 --> 03:18:21,200 OF THESE COUNTIES ARE -- RECEIVE 4512 03:18:21,200 --> 03:18:22,720 ASSISTANCE THROUGH SUPPLEMENTAL 4513 03:18:22,720 --> 03:18:23,600 NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM, 4514 03:18:23,600 --> 03:18:26,240 AND SOMETHING TO NOTE IS THAT 4515 03:18:26,240 --> 03:18:30,080 THERE'S STILL VERY LOW ACCESS TO 4516 03:18:30,080 --> 03:18:31,800 BROADBAND IN THESE COUNTIES, SO 4517 03:18:31,800 --> 03:18:35,760 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT TELEMEDICINE 4518 03:18:35,760 --> 03:18:37,960 APPROACHES, NOT ONLY DO THEY 4519 03:18:37,960 --> 03:18:40,560 HAVE LOW BROADBAND ACCESS BUT 4520 03:18:40,560 --> 03:18:43,720 TELEPHONE ACCESS IS A HUGE 4521 03:18:43,720 --> 03:18:46,120 PROBLEM IN THESE PARTICULAR 4522 03:18:46,120 --> 03:18:46,400 COUNTIES. 4523 03:18:46,400 --> 03:18:47,920 THE OTHER CONTEXTUAL PIECE THAT 4524 03:18:47,920 --> 03:18:49,800 I THINK IS IMPORTANT FOR US TO 4525 03:18:49,800 --> 03:18:51,920 RECOGNIZE THAT SOME OF YOU MAY 4526 03:18:51,920 --> 03:18:55,880 NOT BE FAMILIAR WITH IS THE 4527 03:18:55,880 --> 03:18:57,280 ELAINE MASSACRE THAT OCCURRED IN 4528 03:18:57,280 --> 03:18:57,640 PHILLIPS COUNTY. 4529 03:18:57,640 --> 03:19:01,640 MANY OF YOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF 4530 03:19:01,640 --> 03:19:03,240 TULSA AND ROSEWOOD AND OTHER 4531 03:19:03,240 --> 03:19:05,520 ATROCITIES THAT HAPPENED IN THE 4532 03:19:05,520 --> 03:19:10,680 UNITED STATES. 4533 03:19:10,680 --> 03:19:13,520 IDA B WELLS WROTE ABOUT THE 4534 03:19:13,520 --> 03:19:14,280 ELAINE MASSACRE THAT OCCURRED 4535 03:19:14,280 --> 03:19:15,600 OVER A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. 4536 03:19:15,600 --> 03:19:18,560 THIS REALLY REPRESENTS SOME OF 4537 03:19:18,560 --> 03:19:22,840 THE SYSTEMIC RACISM AND LEGACY 4538 03:19:22,840 --> 03:19:24,360 IN THESE COUNTIES TO HELP 4539 03:19:24,360 --> 03:19:30,040 EXPLAIN THE CYCLE OF OPPRESSION 4540 03:19:30,040 --> 03:19:32,040 THAT OCCURS IN THESE COUNTIES. 4541 03:19:32,040 --> 03:19:36,360 THE ELAINE MASSACRE STEMMED FROM 4542 03:19:36,360 --> 03:19:38,680 FARMERS WHO WERE ORGANIZING -- 4543 03:19:38,680 --> 03:19:40,720 BLACK FARMERS ORGANIZING AROUND 4544 03:19:40,720 --> 03:19:43,720 TRYING TO GET FAIR WAGES AND 4545 03:19:43,720 --> 03:19:45,760 WHEN WHITE MEN FOUND OUT THAT 4546 03:19:45,760 --> 03:19:47,320 THEY WERE ORGANIZING THEY WENT 4547 03:19:47,320 --> 03:19:49,920 TO THE CHURCH WHERE THEY WERE 4548 03:19:49,920 --> 03:19:53,440 MEETING AND ACTUALLY SHOT AT 4549 03:19:53,440 --> 03:19:54,320 THEM. 4550 03:19:54,320 --> 03:19:55,920 AFTER THAT POINT, BLACKS SHOT 4551 03:19:55,920 --> 03:19:56,920 BACK. 4552 03:19:56,920 --> 03:20:00,080 ONE WHITE MAN WAS KILLED. 4553 03:20:00,080 --> 03:20:02,920 AND THEN THE WORD THAT BLACKS IN 4554 03:20:02,920 --> 03:20:04,720 THE COUNTY WERE UPRISING, WHICH 4555 03:20:04,720 --> 03:20:07,800 WAS NOT THE CASE, AND TO MAKE 4556 03:20:07,800 --> 03:20:11,960 THIS LONG STORY SHORT, OVER 200+ 4557 03:20:11,960 --> 03:20:13,600 AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE 4558 03:20:13,600 --> 03:20:14,520 SLAUGHTERED. 4559 03:20:14,520 --> 03:20:15,680 THEY WERE ROUNDED UP, EVEN 4560 03:20:15,680 --> 03:20:17,520 AFRICAN AMERICANS WHO WERE 4561 03:20:17,520 --> 03:20:19,520 COMING BACK IN TOWN DURING THIS 4562 03:20:19,520 --> 03:20:22,520 TIME PERIOD WHO KNEW NOTHING OF 4563 03:20:22,520 --> 03:20:27,480 WHAT WAS GOING ON WERE RALLIED 4564 03:20:27,480 --> 03:20:28,280 UP, PLACED UNDER CITIZEN'S 4565 03:20:28,280 --> 03:20:30,520 ARREST, AND EVEN THE GOVERNOR OF 4566 03:20:30,520 --> 03:20:34,800 ARKANSAS CALLED IN TROOPS FROM 4567 03:20:34,800 --> 03:20:39,680 AROUND NEIGHBORING COUNTIES TO 4568 03:20:39,680 --> 03:20:41,720 ACTUALLY CONTROL, IF YOU WILL, 4569 03:20:41,720 --> 03:20:44,200 BLACKS WHO THEY THOUGHT WERE 4570 03:20:44,200 --> 03:20:44,800 UPRISING. 4571 03:20:44,800 --> 03:20:46,480 WHEN BLACKS SAW THAT THESE 4572 03:20:46,480 --> 03:20:47,560 TROOPS WERE COMING, THEY THOUGHT 4573 03:20:47,560 --> 03:20:49,480 THAT THEY WERE COMING THERE TO 4574 03:20:49,480 --> 03:20:50,320 PROTECT THEM. 4575 03:20:50,320 --> 03:20:52,960 SO THEY CAME OUT OF HIDING AND 4576 03:20:52,960 --> 03:20:56,560 MANY WERE SHOT AND KILLED. 4577 03:20:56,560 --> 03:21:00,920 UNTIL THIS DAY, THERE IS STILL 4578 03:21:00,920 --> 03:21:03,080 DENIAL AROUND WHAT HAPPENED AND 4579 03:21:03,080 --> 03:21:05,280 THAT OPPRESSIVE KIND OF THING 4580 03:21:05,280 --> 03:21:06,720 THAT HAPPENED OVER A HUNDRED 4581 03:21:06,720 --> 03:21:13,280 YEARS AGO STILL HAS AN IMPACT ON 4582 03:21:13,280 --> 03:21:15,240 HOW PEOPLE RELEASE THEMSELVES 4583 03:21:15,240 --> 03:21:16,560 FROM THE OPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS 4584 03:21:16,560 --> 03:21:18,520 CAUSED BY THE SYSTEMIC RACISM. 4585 03:21:18,520 --> 03:21:21,560 AND SO WE HAVE TO TAKE THAT INTO 4586 03:21:21,560 --> 03:21:23,760 CONSIDERATION WHEN WE'RE DOING 4587 03:21:23,760 --> 03:21:24,160 OUR INTERVENTIONS. 4588 03:21:24,160 --> 03:21:26,720 SO LET ME DESCRIBE THE 4589 03:21:26,720 --> 03:21:28,560 INTERVENTION DESIGN. 4590 03:21:28,560 --> 03:21:30,200 AGAIN, THIS WAS A RANDOMIZED 4591 03:21:30,200 --> 03:21:33,800 CONTROLLED TRIAL WHERE WE 4592 03:21:33,800 --> 03:21:36,880 RECRUITED 200 WOMEN TO 4593 03:21:36,880 --> 03:21:38,960 PARTICIPATE IN THIS SMOKING 4594 03:21:38,960 --> 03:21:39,720 STUDY. 4595 03:21:39,720 --> 03:21:42,320 THE CONTROL GROUP RECEIVED 4596 03:21:42,320 --> 03:21:43,640 EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS ALONE. 4597 03:21:43,640 --> 03:21:47,680 AND THEN THE INTERVENTION GROUP 4598 03:21:47,680 --> 03:21:48,760 RECEIVED MOTIVATIONAL 4599 03:21:48,760 --> 03:21:49,400 COUNSELING, VIA TELEPHONE, IT 4600 03:21:49,400 --> 03:21:51,320 WAS SUPPOSED TO BE IN PERSON BUT 4601 03:21:51,320 --> 03:21:54,720 WHEN COVID HIT WE HAD TO GO TO 4602 03:21:54,720 --> 03:21:55,680 TELEPHONE COUNSELING WHICH 4603 03:21:55,680 --> 03:21:58,840 CAUSED ANOTHER CHALLENGE FOR US. 4604 03:21:58,840 --> 03:21:59,840 THEY RECEIVED EDUCATIONAL 4605 03:21:59,840 --> 03:22:00,920 MATERIALS AS WELL. 4606 03:22:00,920 --> 03:22:04,320 THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO GET 4607 03:22:04,320 --> 03:22:06,280 FEEDBACK ON TOBACCO EXPOSURE AT 4608 03:22:06,280 --> 03:22:08,080 ONE MONTH, THREE AND SIX MONTHS, 4609 03:22:08,080 --> 03:22:09,840 BUT THAT'S ONLY HAPPENING AT ONE 4610 03:22:09,840 --> 03:22:13,760 MONTH NOW BECAUSE WE'RE NO 4611 03:22:13,760 --> 03:22:16,520 LONGER COLLECTING CARBON 4612 03:22:16,520 --> 03:22:18,080 MONOXIDE OR SALIVA BECAUSE THAT 4613 03:22:18,080 --> 03:22:26,920 HAPPENED AT THE TIME WHEN 4614 03:22:26,920 --> 03:22:28,480 COVID-19 HIT. 4615 03:22:28,480 --> 03:22:31,680 WE'RE LUCKY TO HAVE TWO GOOD 4616 03:22:31,680 --> 03:22:32,440 COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS 4617 03:22:32,440 --> 03:22:33,560 INTEGRATED INTO THE COMMUNITY TO 4618 03:22:33,560 --> 03:22:35,280 DELIVER THE INTERVENTIONS IN THE 4619 03:22:35,280 --> 03:22:38,880 COMMUNITY SETTINGS. 4620 03:22:38,880 --> 03:22:40,400 OUR MOTIVATIONAL COUNSELING 4621 03:22:40,400 --> 03:22:43,040 PROTOCOL FOLLOWS THE FIVE As, 4622 03:22:43,040 --> 03:22:45,960 AND WE'RE FOCUSED ON, YOU KNOW, 4623 03:22:45,960 --> 03:22:48,520 CREATING VERY STRONG MESSAGES 4624 03:22:48,520 --> 03:22:51,000 THAT HELP AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN 4625 03:22:51,000 --> 03:22:55,280 KEEP THEIR HOME SMOKE FREE AND 4626 03:22:55,280 --> 03:22:57,120 MAINTAIN CLEAN INDOOR AIR 4627 03:22:57,120 --> 03:23:00,880 POLICIES IN THE HOME AROUND NOT 4628 03:23:00,880 --> 03:23:02,920 JUST CIGARETTES BUT ALL SMOKE 4629 03:23:02,920 --> 03:23:03,120 TOBACCO. 4630 03:23:03,120 --> 03:23:04,640 WE'RE ALSO LOOKING AT QUITTING 4631 03:23:04,640 --> 03:23:07,160 AS AN OUTCOME. 4632 03:23:07,160 --> 03:23:10,840 THEY DO COUNSEL WOMEN ABOUT THAT 4633 03:23:10,840 --> 03:23:13,080 AS WELL. 4634 03:23:13,080 --> 03:23:15,520 AND SO LET ME JUST SWITCH GEARS. 4635 03:23:15,520 --> 03:23:18,560 I WANTED TO PROVIDE SOME CONTEXT 4636 03:23:18,560 --> 03:23:19,520 IN WHICH THIS INTERVENTION 4637 03:23:19,520 --> 03:23:21,520 OCCURS AND TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT 4638 03:23:21,520 --> 03:23:21,800 ABOUT IT. 4639 03:23:21,800 --> 03:23:24,880 BUT LET ME TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT 4640 03:23:24,880 --> 03:23:28,080 MORE ABOUT SOME OF THE 4641 03:23:28,080 --> 03:23:32,920 INFORMATION THAT WE UNCOVERED AT 4642 03:23:32,920 --> 03:23:33,480 BASELINE. 4643 03:23:33,480 --> 03:23:35,520 AND SO, IN DOING THAT, I HAVE TO 4644 03:23:35,520 --> 03:23:38,320 MENTION SOME OF OUR UNDERLYING 4645 03:23:38,320 --> 03:23:39,640 ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT POLICIES, 4646 03:23:39,640 --> 03:23:43,040 WHICH WE KNOW POLICIES ARE AN 4647 03:23:43,040 --> 03:23:45,680 IMPORTANT STRATEGY TO PROTECT 4648 03:23:45,680 --> 03:23:46,960 POPULATIONS THAT EXPERIENCE 4649 03:23:46,960 --> 03:23:49,600 DISPARITIES FROM TOBACCO SMOKE 4650 03:23:49,600 --> 03:23:50,800 EXPOSURE AND SMOKING AND IF 4651 03:23:50,800 --> 03:23:53,080 THERE WERE A BAN ON MENTHOL 4652 03:23:53,080 --> 03:23:57,680 TOBACCO WHICH IS MOST COMMONLY 4653 03:23:57,680 --> 03:23:59,080 USED BY AFRICAN AMERICANS AND 4654 03:23:59,080 --> 03:24:01,320 NATIVE HAWAIIAN POPULATIONS 4655 03:24:01,320 --> 03:24:02,400 PERHAPS DISPARITIES IN SMOKING, 4656 03:24:02,400 --> 03:24:04,840 EXPOSURE TO SMOKE WOULD BE 4657 03:24:04,840 --> 03:24:05,400 LOWER. 4658 03:24:05,400 --> 03:24:09,520 SO, IN UNTIL SUCH A DAY COMES 4659 03:24:09,520 --> 03:24:11,320 WE HAVE TO TRY TO MOVE FORWARD 4660 03:24:11,320 --> 03:24:13,080 WITH OTHER KINDS OF POLICY 4661 03:24:13,080 --> 03:24:13,840 INTERVENTIONS WHILE WE'RE 4662 03:24:13,840 --> 03:24:15,520 WAITING FOR FEDERAL POLICY TO 4663 03:24:15,520 --> 03:24:15,920 OCCUR. 4664 03:24:15,920 --> 03:24:17,760 YOU MAY SAY, WELL, WHY NOT STATE 4665 03:24:17,760 --> 03:24:18,600 LEVEL POLICIES? 4666 03:24:18,600 --> 03:24:22,480 WE LIVE IN A STATE WHERE SUCH A 4667 03:24:22,480 --> 03:24:24,840 THING IS NOT POSSIBLE. 4668 03:24:24,840 --> 03:24:28,000 THERE'S PREEMPTION RELATED TO 4669 03:24:28,000 --> 03:24:28,760 TOBACCO POLICIES, EXCEPT WHERE 4670 03:24:28,760 --> 03:24:34,440 IT DEALS WITH CLEAN INDOOR AIR 4671 03:24:34,440 --> 03:24:34,920 POLICIES. 4672 03:24:34,920 --> 03:24:37,520 THE COUNTIES TO DO SUCH A THING. 4673 03:24:37,520 --> 03:24:40,680 BUT WE STILL DON'T HAVE 100% 4674 03:24:40,680 --> 03:24:42,440 COUNTIES ELECTING TO CLEAN 4675 03:24:42,440 --> 03:24:45,600 INDOOR AIR POLICIES. 4676 03:24:45,600 --> 03:24:48,080 WE RELY ON VOLUNTARY POLICIES IN 4677 03:24:48,080 --> 03:24:50,400 THE HOME, AND THAT'S WHAT MY 4678 03:24:50,400 --> 03:24:51,320 STUDY FOCUSED ON. 4679 03:24:51,320 --> 03:24:55,560 I WANT TO TAKE YOU BACK TO 2006 4680 03:24:55,560 --> 03:24:58,720 BEFORE I PRESENT SOME OF THE 4681 03:24:58,720 --> 03:25:00,800 RESULTS FROM MY CURRENT STUDY 4682 03:25:00,800 --> 03:25:04,080 BECAUSE ONE OF THE THINGS THAT'S 4683 03:25:04,080 --> 03:25:06,520 IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE IS THAT 4684 03:25:06,520 --> 03:25:09,720 YEARS AGO, WE TRIED TO BRING 4685 03:25:09,720 --> 03:25:11,920 ATTENTION TO THE ISSUE OF WOMEN, 4686 03:25:11,920 --> 03:25:16,120 PARTICULARLY WOMEN OF COLOR AND 4687 03:25:16,120 --> 03:25:19,600 WOMEN FROM LOW INCOME 4688 03:25:19,600 --> 03:25:21,080 BACKGROUNDS, AND HOW 4689 03:25:21,080 --> 03:25:22,440 EVIDENCE-BASED POLICIES IMPACT 4690 03:25:22,440 --> 03:25:24,280 THEM AND THEIR SMOKING BEHAVIOR. 4691 03:25:24,280 --> 03:25:27,120 AND SO, WE DID A PAPER THROUGH 4692 03:25:27,120 --> 03:25:29,720 OUR TOBACCO RESEARCH NETWORK ON 4693 03:25:29,720 --> 03:25:30,720 DISPARITIES, WHERE WE FOUND, 4694 03:25:30,720 --> 03:25:32,120 THIS IS USING THE NATIONAL 4695 03:25:32,120 --> 03:25:34,000 SAMPLE, WHERE WE FOUND THAT 4696 03:25:34,000 --> 03:25:35,440 WOMEN WHO WERE POOR OR LEAST 4697 03:25:35,440 --> 03:25:40,240 LIKELY TO LIVE IN HOMES WITH A 4698 03:25:40,240 --> 03:25:41,440 COMPLETE BAN A SMOKING, FOUND 4699 03:25:41,440 --> 03:25:44,800 THIS TO BE TRUE FOR ALL WOMEN, 4700 03:25:44,800 --> 03:25:46,040 AFRICAN AMERICAN, ASIAN AMERICAN 4701 03:25:46,040 --> 03:25:47,320 AND PACIFIC ISLANDER AND WHITE 4702 03:25:47,320 --> 03:25:48,440 WOMEN AS WELL. 4703 03:25:48,440 --> 03:25:51,400 AND 56% OF THE POOREST WOMEN HAD 4704 03:25:51,400 --> 03:25:53,480 COMPLETE BANS ON SMOKING IN THE 4705 03:25:53,480 --> 03:25:57,960 HOME COMPARED TO 67% OF WOMEN, 4706 03:25:57,960 --> 03:26:04,320 150% OR MORE ABOVE THE POVERTY 4707 03:26:04,320 --> 03:26:05,080 LEVEL, POOR WOMEN PERMITTED 4708 03:26:05,080 --> 03:26:07,720 ANYWHERE IN THE HOME HAD LOWER 4709 03:26:07,720 --> 03:26:10,560 LIKELIHOOD OF WOMEN WHO DID NOT 4710 03:26:10,560 --> 03:26:11,520 PERMIT SMOKING ANYWHERE. 4711 03:26:11,520 --> 03:26:15,920 AND SO WE WERE DOING THIS AT A 4712 03:26:15,920 --> 03:26:19,200 TIME WHEN IT WAS NOT SEXY OR 4713 03:26:19,200 --> 03:26:20,960 MANY PEOPLE JUST WERE NOT 4714 03:26:20,960 --> 03:26:23,280 LOOKING AT THE PROBLEM OF 4715 03:26:23,280 --> 03:26:25,000 SMOKING AND EXPOSURE TO SMOKE 4716 03:26:25,000 --> 03:26:26,720 AMONG BLACK WOMEN. 4717 03:26:26,720 --> 03:26:30,800 IN FACT, ANOTHER PAPER THAT WE 4718 03:26:30,800 --> 03:26:32,520 TRIED TO PUBLISH IN 2006 WHEN WE 4719 03:26:32,520 --> 03:26:34,080 FIRST GOT THE REVIEWS BACK ON 4720 03:26:34,080 --> 03:26:36,840 THIS PAPER, THIS WAS CALLED 4721 03:26:36,840 --> 03:26:39,560 HETEROGENEITY OF SMOKING 4722 03:26:39,560 --> 03:26:41,480 BEHAVIOR AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN 4723 03:26:41,480 --> 03:26:44,880 WOMEN, THAT THE FIRST JOURNAL WE 4724 03:26:44,880 --> 03:26:50,360 SUBMITTED THIS PAPER TO, TH 4725 03:26:50,360 --> 03:26:51,480 EDITOR'S COMES WERE SMOKING 4726 03:26:51,480 --> 03:26:52,720 AMONG BLACK WOMEN IS NOT A 4727 03:26:52,720 --> 03:26:54,360 PROBLEM AND WE DO NOT SEE VALUE 4728 03:26:54,360 --> 03:26:56,120 IN PUBLISHING PAPER WHEN THERE 4729 03:26:56,120 --> 03:26:57,200 WAS ABUNDANCE OF EVIDENCE 4730 03:26:57,200 --> 03:26:59,160 SHOWING TRENDS IN SMOKING AMONG 4731 03:26:59,160 --> 03:27:00,920 BLACK WOMEN COMPARABLE TO THAT 4732 03:27:00,920 --> 03:27:03,240 OF WHITE WOMEN AND LUNG CANCER 4733 03:27:03,240 --> 03:27:05,920 DISPARITIES BOTH IN INCIDENCE 4734 03:27:05,920 --> 03:27:08,840 AND DEATH RATES RELATING TO 4735 03:27:08,840 --> 03:27:10,600 BLACK WOMEN. 4736 03:27:10,600 --> 03:27:13,240 AND SO WHAT I -- ONCE I CAME OUT 4737 03:27:13,240 --> 03:27:16,520 OF GOVERNMENT AND HAD THE 4738 03:27:16,520 --> 03:27:19,040 OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD ON THAT 4739 03:27:19,040 --> 03:27:21,440 PRIOR RESEARCH, I INITIATED THIS 4740 03:27:21,440 --> 03:27:23,520 PARTICULAR STUDY HERE IN 4741 03:27:23,520 --> 03:27:24,760 ARKANSAS CALLED PROJECT FRESH 4742 03:27:24,760 --> 03:27:27,200 THAT I JUST DESCRIBED. 4743 03:27:27,200 --> 03:27:32,640 HERE I WANT TO POINT TO WHAT WE 4744 03:27:32,640 --> 03:27:36,240 FOUND RELATED TO COMPREHENSIVE 4745 03:27:36,240 --> 03:27:37,760 SMOKE-FREE RULES AMONG AFRICAN 4746 03:27:37,760 --> 03:27:40,880 AMERICAN WOMEN ENROLLED IN THIS 4747 03:27:40,880 --> 03:27:41,080 STUDY. 4748 03:27:41,080 --> 03:27:42,760 COMPREHENSIVE SMOKE-FREE RULES 4749 03:27:42,760 --> 03:27:45,400 IS DEFINED AS NO ONE IS ALLOWED 4750 03:27:45,400 --> 03:27:49,440 TO SMOKE ANYWHERE INSIDE THE 4751 03:27:49,440 --> 03:27:52,520 HOME, INCLUDING CIGARETTES, 4752 03:27:52,520 --> 03:27:54,480 CIGARS, HOUKA, PIPES, 4753 03:27:54,480 --> 03:27:56,440 E-CIGARETTES, VERSUS THOSE WHO 4754 03:27:56,440 --> 03:27:59,080 ALLOWED AT LEAST ONE TOBACCO 4755 03:27:59,080 --> 03:28:01,800 PRODUCT TO BE SMOKED SOME PLACES 4756 03:28:01,800 --> 03:28:04,240 OR ANYWHERE INSIDE THE HOME SO 4757 03:28:04,240 --> 03:28:07,320 THIS TABLE REPORTS JUST SOME OF 4758 03:28:07,320 --> 03:28:08,520 THE DATA THAT WE FOUND. 4759 03:28:08,520 --> 03:28:11,160 I DO WANT TO DESCRIBE THE 4760 03:28:11,160 --> 03:28:12,360 POPULATION FOR YOU AS WELL. 4761 03:28:12,360 --> 03:28:16,720 AGAIN, THIS IS A SAMPLE OF 4762 03:28:16,720 --> 03:28:21,000 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN, 75% 4763 03:28:21,000 --> 03:28:22,320 IDENTIFIED AT HETEROSEXUAL 4764 03:28:22,320 --> 03:28:26,120 STRAIGHT, 61% DO NOT WORK FOR 4765 03:28:26,120 --> 03:28:26,720 PAY. 4766 03:28:26,720 --> 03:28:31,760 26% HAD LESS THAN A HIGH SCHOOL 4767 03:28:31,760 --> 03:28:32,040 EDUCATION. 4768 03:28:32,040 --> 03:28:34,080 65% EARNED -- HOUSEHOLD INCOMES 4769 03:28:34,080 --> 03:28:36,720 LESS THAN $10,000 PER YEAR. 4770 03:28:36,720 --> 03:28:39,560 37% SAID THEY LIVED COMFORTABLY 4771 03:28:39,560 --> 03:28:41,000 BUT THAT'S RELATIVE BECAUSE MOST 4772 03:28:41,000 --> 03:28:45,520 OF THESE WOMEN ARE POOR. 4773 03:28:45,520 --> 03:28:46,920 AND ABOUT 83% RECEIVE SNAP 4774 03:28:46,920 --> 03:28:48,320 BENEFITS IN THE PAST YEAR. 4775 03:28:48,320 --> 03:28:50,640 SO WHAT DID WE FIND WITH REGARD 4776 03:28:50,640 --> 03:28:52,240 TO THE PREVALENCE OF 4777 03:28:52,240 --> 03:28:53,000 COMPREHENSIVE SMOKE-FREE RULES 4778 03:28:53,000 --> 03:28:55,240 IN THE HOME? 4779 03:28:55,240 --> 03:28:58,200 AMONG THIS POPULATION GROUP, WE 4780 03:28:58,200 --> 03:28:59,920 FOUND THAT OVERALL WOMEN WERE 4781 03:28:59,920 --> 03:29:03,080 MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A PARTIAL 4782 03:29:03,080 --> 03:29:06,600 BAN IN THE HOME, COMPARED TO 4783 03:29:06,600 --> 03:29:08,080 HAVING THE COMPLETE OR NO BAN IN 4784 03:29:08,080 --> 03:29:09,000 THE HOME. 4785 03:29:09,000 --> 03:29:13,720 AND WHEN WE LOOKED AT IT BY 4786 03:29:13,720 --> 03:29:15,520 DEMOGRAPHICS, SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC 4787 03:29:15,520 --> 03:29:21,680 FACTORS, WE FOUND THAT WOMEN FOR 4788 03:29:21,680 --> 03:29:23,080 EACH OF THESE EMPLOYMENT 4789 03:29:23,080 --> 03:29:27,280 CATEGORIES THAT WE FOUND 4790 03:29:27,280 --> 03:29:29,720 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES THERE 4791 03:29:29,720 --> 03:29:31,640 SUCH THAT WOMEN WHO -- PART-TIME 4792 03:29:31,640 --> 03:29:35,080 WORK HERS A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF 4793 03:29:35,080 --> 03:29:38,680 HAVING NO BAN THAN EMPLOYED AND 4794 03:29:38,680 --> 03:29:41,520 UNEMPLOYED WOMEN IN OUR SAMPLE. 4795 03:29:41,520 --> 03:29:44,560 WE ALSO FOUND THAT PARTIAL BANS 4796 03:29:44,560 --> 03:29:48,600 WERE HIGHER AMONG ALL GROUPS WHO 4797 03:29:48,600 --> 03:29:50,520 REPORTED THEIR OVERALL FINANCIAL 4798 03:29:50,520 --> 03:29:52,040 SITUATION, BUT PREVALENCE RATES 4799 03:29:52,040 --> 03:29:54,080 OF REPORTING A PARTIAL BAN WAS 4800 03:29:54,080 --> 03:29:57,720 HIGHEST AMONG WHO SAID THAT THEY 4801 03:29:57,720 --> 03:30:00,080 MET NEEDS WITH LITTLE LEFT, JUST 4802 03:30:00,080 --> 03:30:01,960 MET BASIC NEEDS VERSUS WOMEN WHO 4803 03:30:01,960 --> 03:30:05,760 SAID THAT THEY LIVE COMFORTABLY. 4804 03:30:05,760 --> 03:30:08,600 AND SO, WOMEN WHO LIVED 4805 03:30:08,600 --> 03:30:10,480 COMFORTABLY, WHO INDICATED THAT, 4806 03:30:10,480 --> 03:30:11,520 AGAIN IT'S RELATIVE BECAUSE MOST 4807 03:30:11,520 --> 03:30:15,520 ALL OF THESE WOMEN ARE FAIRLY 4808 03:30:15,520 --> 03:30:17,120 POOR, HAVE PREVALENCE OF 4809 03:30:17,120 --> 03:30:18,680 COMPLETE BAN THAN WOMEN WHO DID 4810 03:30:18,680 --> 03:30:20,720 NOT SAY THEY LIVED COMFORTABLY. 4811 03:30:20,720 --> 03:30:24,920 WE DIDN'T FIND ANY OTHER 4812 03:30:24,920 --> 03:30:27,520 DIFFERENCES BY OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC 4813 03:30:27,520 --> 03:30:30,480 FACTORS IN THIS PARTICULAR 4814 03:30:30,480 --> 03:30:31,480 SAMPLE. 4815 03:30:31,480 --> 03:30:33,640 SOMETHING ELSE INTERESTING THAT 4816 03:30:33,640 --> 03:30:36,720 WE FOUND, RELATED TO HOME RULES 4817 03:30:36,720 --> 03:30:39,440 ABOUT TOBACCO USE, IN THIS 4818 03:30:39,440 --> 03:30:43,680 PARTICULAR SAMPLE OF WOMEN, WE 4819 03:30:43,680 --> 03:30:47,080 ONLY FOUND THAT 33% REPORTED A 4820 03:30:47,080 --> 03:30:48,400 COMPLETE BAN ON CIGARETTE 4821 03:30:48,400 --> 03:30:48,720 SMOKING. 4822 03:30:48,720 --> 03:30:52,760 SO, NOT ONLY DID WE LOOK AT BANS 4823 03:30:52,760 --> 03:30:53,960 RELATED TO ALL SMOKE TOBACCO 4824 03:30:53,960 --> 03:30:56,160 PRODUCTS BUT WE ALSO TEASED OUT 4825 03:30:56,160 --> 03:31:01,120 THE DATA FOR EACH TYPE OF 4826 03:31:01,120 --> 03:31:01,520 TOBACCO PRODUCT. 4827 03:31:01,520 --> 03:31:06,000 AND SO, FAIRLY LOW PREVALENCE OF 4828 03:31:06,000 --> 03:31:09,080 BANNING CIGARETTES COMPLETELY IN 4829 03:31:09,080 --> 03:31:15,840 THE HOME, SLIGHTLY HIGHER FOR 4830 03:31:15,840 --> 03:31:26,880 CIGARS, E-CIGARETTES AT 78%, 81% 4831 03:31:26,880 --> 03:31:30,080 FOR IQOS, 81% HOUKAH. 4832 03:31:30,080 --> 03:31:39,760 THE CAVEAT THEY ARE NOT EVEN 4833 03:31:39,760 --> 03:31:41,800 USING E-CIGARETTES, HOUKAH, 4834 03:31:41,800 --> 03:31:42,120 IQOS. 4835 03:31:42,120 --> 03:31:44,320 YOU SEE STRONGER BANS FOR 4836 03:31:44,320 --> 03:31:46,920 PRODUCTS THAT THEY DON'T 4837 03:31:46,920 --> 03:31:49,120 ACTUALLY USE. 4838 03:31:49,120 --> 03:31:50,960 BECAUSE WE SAW DIFFERENCES IN 4839 03:31:50,960 --> 03:31:53,160 PREVALENCE OF HOME BANS BY 4840 03:31:53,160 --> 03:31:57,200 EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND OVERALL 4841 03:31:57,200 --> 03:31:59,960 FINANCIAL SITUATION SOUGHT TO 4842 03:31:59,960 --> 03:32:00,920 EXAMINATION EACH FINANCIAL 4843 03:32:00,920 --> 03:32:02,520 SITUATION WITH OUTCOMES HAVING A 4844 03:32:02,520 --> 03:32:05,320 COMPLETE BAN ON ALL TOBACCO USE, 4845 03:32:05,320 --> 03:32:08,480 PARTIAL BAN OR HAVING NO BAN ON 4846 03:32:08,480 --> 03:32:09,960 ALL TOBACCO PRODUCTS. 4847 03:32:09,960 --> 03:32:12,240 WE DID NOT FIND AN ASSOCIATION 4848 03:32:12,240 --> 03:32:13,680 WITH EMPLOYMENT STATUS, AND 4849 03:32:13,680 --> 03:32:16,440 HAVING A COMPLETE BAN ON SMOKING 4850 03:32:16,440 --> 03:32:20,600 VERSUS NO BAN OR PARTIAL BAN, 4851 03:32:20,600 --> 03:32:23,960 BUT FOR WOMEN WHO INDICATED THEY 4852 03:32:23,960 --> 03:32:26,720 JUST MEET BASIC NEEDS OR MEET 4853 03:32:26,720 --> 03:32:27,800 NEEDS WITH LITTLE LEFT, THESE 4854 03:32:27,800 --> 03:32:29,760 WOMEN HAD A LOWER ODDS OF HAVING 4855 03:32:29,760 --> 03:32:32,840 A COMPLETE BAN ON ALL TOBACCO 4856 03:32:32,840 --> 03:32:34,920 PRODUCTS IMPAIRED TO WOMEN WHO 4857 03:32:34,920 --> 03:32:36,720 LIVED COMFORTABLY, AND THEN WHEN 4858 03:32:36,720 --> 03:32:38,720 WE PARSED THESE OUT WE FOUND 4859 03:32:38,720 --> 03:32:43,440 THAT THOSE WHO JUST MEET BASIC 4860 03:32:43,440 --> 03:32:44,760 NEEDS OR MEET NEEDS WITH LITTLE 4861 03:32:44,760 --> 03:32:49,920 LEFT HAD GREATER ODDS OF 4862 03:32:49,920 --> 03:32:53,920 PARTIAL BAN THAN WOMEN WHO SAID 4863 03:32:53,920 --> 03:32:54,920 THEY LIVED COMFORTABLY. 4864 03:32:54,920 --> 03:32:59,320 SO WHEN WE LOOKED AT IT BY EACH 4865 03:32:59,320 --> 03:33:00,880 TYPE OF TOBACCO PRODUCT, I WON'T 4866 03:33:00,880 --> 03:33:03,920 SHOW ALL THE RESULTS HERE, I 4867 03:33:03,920 --> 03:33:07,080 JUST REPORTED IT OUT FOR CIGAR 4868 03:33:07,080 --> 03:33:10,200 SMOKING BANS AND CIGARETTE 4869 03:33:10,200 --> 03:33:12,240 SMOKING BANS, AND WE TRIED TO 4870 03:33:12,240 --> 03:33:16,520 COME UP WITH THE SOCIAL 4871 03:33:16,520 --> 03:33:17,840 DEPRIVATION CATEGORY SUCH THAT 4872 03:33:17,840 --> 03:33:21,760 WE LOOK AT UNEMPLOYED WOMEN 4873 03:33:21,760 --> 03:33:23,920 ALONE, THEY ARE UNEMPLOYED AND 4874 03:33:23,920 --> 03:33:26,560 JUST MEET BASIC NEEDS, AND IF 4875 03:33:26,560 --> 03:33:28,640 THEY ARE UNEMPLOYED, JUST MEET 4876 03:33:28,640 --> 03:33:30,400 BASIC NEEDS, DON'T MEET NEEDS, 4877 03:33:30,400 --> 03:33:32,680 PLUS HAVING LESS THAN HIGH 4878 03:33:32,680 --> 03:33:36,200 SCHOOL EDUCATION, AND SO THE 4879 03:33:36,200 --> 03:33:39,000 ASSUMPTION WAS GREATER SOCIAL 4880 03:33:39,000 --> 03:33:40,320 DEPRIVATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH 4881 03:33:40,320 --> 03:33:42,640 NOT HAVING A SMOKING BAN. 4882 03:33:42,640 --> 03:33:46,560 WHAT WE FOUND HERE IS THAT THOSE 4883 03:33:46,560 --> 03:33:47,880 WOMEN WHO WERE UNEMPLOYED AND 4884 03:33:47,880 --> 03:33:49,520 REPORTED THEY JUST MEET BASIC 4885 03:33:49,520 --> 03:33:52,040 NEEDS OR DON'T MEET BASIC NEEDS 4886 03:33:52,040 --> 03:33:55,400 ARE MORE THAN TWICE AS LIKELY AS 4887 03:33:55,400 --> 03:33:57,760 EMPLOYED WOMEN TO HAVE A CIGAR 4888 03:33:57,760 --> 03:33:58,720 BAN IN THE HOME. 4889 03:33:58,720 --> 03:34:01,240 WE DID NOT SEE ANY SIGNIFICANT 4890 03:34:01,240 --> 03:34:03,680 DIFFERENCES THERE FOR A 4891 03:34:03,680 --> 03:34:04,560 CIGARETTE SMOKING BAN. 4892 03:34:04,560 --> 03:34:06,320 AND SIMILAR TO WHAT WE DID IN 4893 03:34:06,320 --> 03:34:09,600 THE PAPER THAT WE PUBLISHED WITH 4894 03:34:09,600 --> 03:34:11,040 DR. SHAVERS IN 2006, WE ALSO 4895 03:34:11,040 --> 03:34:13,800 WANTED TO LOOK AT THE 4896 03:34:13,800 --> 03:34:18,840 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HAVING A BAN 4897 03:34:18,840 --> 03:34:19,000 AND 4898 03:34:19,000 --> 03:34:20,880 [AUDIO DISTORTION] 4899 03:34:20,880 --> 03:34:21,600 TO QUIT. 4900 03:34:21,600 --> 03:34:22,920 AMONG WOMEN WHO HAD A COMPLETE 4901 03:34:22,920 --> 03:34:25,000 BAN, THAT IS SMOKING NOT ALLOWED 4902 03:34:25,000 --> 03:34:29,280 ANY WHERE INSIDE THE HOME, 29% 4903 03:34:29,280 --> 03:34:32,600 INTENDED TO QUIT IN THE NEXT 30 4904 03:34:32,600 --> 03:34:32,920 DAYS. 4905 03:34:32,920 --> 03:34:35,400 BUT AMONG THOSE WOMEN WITH A 4906 03:34:35,400 --> 03:34:39,920 PARTIAL BAN OR NO BAN AT ALL, WE 4907 03:34:39,920 --> 03:34:42,840 SAW ONLY 11% HAVE INTENTION TO 4908 03:34:42,840 --> 03:34:44,600 QUIT. 4909 03:34:44,600 --> 03:34:45,240 THESE DIFFERENCES WERE 4910 03:34:45,240 --> 03:34:47,480 SIGNIFICANT, THEY WERE NOT 4911 03:34:47,480 --> 03:34:50,800 SIGNIFICANT FOR CIGAR SMOKING. 4912 03:34:50,800 --> 03:34:53,880 SO WE UNDERSTAND THAT, YOU KNOW, 4913 03:34:53,880 --> 03:34:55,720 WHEN THERE IS SMOKING NOT 4914 03:34:55,720 --> 03:34:57,720 ALLOWED IN THE HOME, THAT 4915 03:34:57,720 --> 03:35:01,920 INTENTION TO QUIT TENDS TO BE 4916 03:35:01,920 --> 03:35:02,600 MUCH STRONGER. 4917 03:35:02,600 --> 03:35:05,680 THE OTHER THING I JUST WANTED TO 4918 03:35:05,680 --> 03:35:11,760 MENTION ON SOME -- SEPARATE FROM 4919 03:35:11,760 --> 03:35:12,680 SMOKE-FREE POLICIES, BECAUSE 4920 03:35:12,680 --> 03:35:15,080 POLICIES ALSO CAN HAVE AN IMPACT 4921 03:35:15,080 --> 03:35:21,720 ON WHETHER OR NOT THESE MENTHOL 4922 03:35:21,720 --> 03:35:23,720 SMOKERS QUIT AS WELL, AND 70% OF 4923 03:35:23,720 --> 03:35:26,880 THE WOMEN IN OUR SAMPLE WERE 4924 03:35:26,880 --> 03:35:28,200 MENTHOL SMOKERS. 4925 03:35:28,200 --> 03:35:30,400 THAT'S CONSISTENT WITH THE 4926 03:35:30,400 --> 03:35:33,960 NATIONAL AVERAGE FOR AFRICAN 4927 03:35:33,960 --> 03:35:35,080 AMERICANS. 4928 03:35:35,080 --> 03:35:37,680 WE SAW THAT, YOU KNOW, MENTHOL 4929 03:35:37,680 --> 03:35:40,040 SMOKERS IN THIS SAMPLE LIKE 4930 03:35:40,040 --> 03:35:42,840 NATIONAL SAMPLES ARE MORE LIKELY 4931 03:35:42,840 --> 03:35:43,800 TO HAVE THEIR CIGARETTE WITHIN 4932 03:35:43,800 --> 03:35:46,960 THE FIRST FIVE MINUTES OF 4933 03:35:46,960 --> 03:35:50,040 WAKING, SHOWING GREATER SIGNS OF 4934 03:35:50,040 --> 03:35:52,040 NICOTINE DEPENDENCE. 4935 03:35:52,040 --> 03:35:57,160 AND WE ALSO SAW THAT AS YOU 4936 03:35:57,160 --> 03:36:01,520 INCREASE SOCIAL DEPRIVATION, 4937 03:36:01,520 --> 03:36:05,920 WITH THESE WOMEN, THAT THEY SHOW 4938 03:36:05,920 --> 03:36:08,160 HIGHER INDICATORS OF NICOTINE 4939 03:36:08,160 --> 03:36:08,680 DEPENDENCE. 4940 03:36:08,680 --> 03:36:12,320 SO, MY POINT IN TRYING TO 4941 03:36:12,320 --> 03:36:13,320 PROVIDE THIS CONTEXT IS THAT 4942 03:36:13,320 --> 03:36:17,680 THERE ARE LOTS OF FACTORS THAT 4943 03:36:17,680 --> 03:36:22,120 IMPACT THE REACH OF 4944 03:36:22,120 --> 03:36:23,040 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES TO 4945 03:36:23,040 --> 03:36:25,320 RURAL COMMUNITIES AND THAT HAS 4946 03:36:25,320 --> 03:36:27,840 IMPLICATIONS FOR HOW WE CONDUCT 4947 03:36:27,840 --> 03:36:32,520 OUR INTERVENTION AND WHAT TYPES 4948 03:36:32,520 --> 03:36:34,840 OF FUNDING MECHANISMS AND 4949 03:36:34,840 --> 03:36:37,280 OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE TO 4950 03:36:37,280 --> 03:36:39,720 DEAL WITH THESE CONTEXTUAL 4951 03:36:39,720 --> 03:36:40,120 FACTORS. 4952 03:36:40,120 --> 03:36:45,040 AND SO HOW IS IT THAT WE REACH 4953 03:36:45,040 --> 03:36:48,880 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN WHO ARE 4954 03:36:48,880 --> 03:36:51,920 POOR, LIVE IN LOW RESOURCE 4955 03:36:51,920 --> 03:36:54,240 COMMUNITIES, AND HAVE LIMITED 4956 03:36:54,240 --> 03:36:56,320 TRANSPORTATION, PHONES, AND ET 4957 03:36:56,320 --> 03:36:57,280 CETERA. 4958 03:36:57,280 --> 03:37:00,680 SO HERE I JUST WANT TO POINT OUT 4959 03:37:00,680 --> 03:37:05,680 THAT SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU SEE 4960 03:37:05,680 --> 03:37:06,520 WITH NATIVE HAWAIIAN 4961 03:37:06,520 --> 03:37:10,120 COMMUNITIES, THERE ARE VERY FEW 4962 03:37:10,120 --> 03:37:11,920 CULTURALLY RELEVANT INTERVENTION 4963 03:37:11,920 --> 03:37:13,400 MATERIALS FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN 4964 03:37:13,400 --> 03:37:13,680 WOMEN. 4965 03:37:13,680 --> 03:37:18,320 AND SO WE HAD TO CREATE OUR OWN, 4966 03:37:18,320 --> 03:37:20,520 PARTICULARLY AS IT FOCUSED ON 4967 03:37:20,520 --> 03:37:21,720 SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE AND 4968 03:37:21,720 --> 03:37:22,040 QUITTING. 4969 03:37:22,040 --> 03:37:25,080 BUT THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT THE 4970 03:37:25,080 --> 03:37:27,040 TAKE IT OUTSIDE PROGRAM THAT 4971 03:37:27,040 --> 03:37:28,920 EMORY HAS HAD FOR YEARS, WE 4972 03:37:28,920 --> 03:37:30,520 COULD USE SOME OF THEIR 4973 03:37:30,520 --> 03:37:32,080 MATERIALS AS A MODEL. 4974 03:37:32,080 --> 03:37:34,400 BUT THESE ARE THE MATERIALS THAT 4975 03:37:34,400 --> 03:37:36,840 THE WOMEN RECEIVED AT ONE MONTH, 4976 03:37:36,840 --> 03:37:38,120 FOUR-STEP PLAN TO KEEP THEIR 4977 03:37:38,120 --> 03:37:39,800 HOME SMOKE FREE. 4978 03:37:39,800 --> 03:37:41,960 AT THE THREE MONTHS, THE 4979 03:37:41,960 --> 03:37:45,040 SMOKE-FREE HOME CHECK-IN, HOW 4980 03:37:45,040 --> 03:37:45,920 YOU'RE DOING. 4981 03:37:45,920 --> 03:37:49,840 AND THE LAST PIECE OF MATERIAL 4982 03:37:49,840 --> 03:37:52,040 THAT WAS A PHOTO NOVELLA THAT 4983 03:37:52,040 --> 03:37:55,880 ONE OF MY STUDENTS CREATED FOR 4984 03:37:55,880 --> 03:37:59,480 HER FINAL PROJECT THAT FOCUSED 4985 03:37:59,480 --> 03:38:04,480 ON HOW TO HELP AFRICAN AMERICAN 4986 03:38:04,480 --> 03:38:08,040 WOMEN QUIT SMOKING MENTHOLATED 4987 03:38:08,040 --> 03:38:08,320 CIGARETTES. 4988 03:38:08,320 --> 03:38:10,920 AND SO, THROUGHOUT NOT ONLY JUST 4989 03:38:10,920 --> 03:38:13,000 DEVELOPING THOSE MATERIALS, WE 4990 03:38:13,000 --> 03:38:16,360 HAD TO DO FURTHER ADAPTATIONS TO 4991 03:38:16,360 --> 03:38:18,800 OUR STUDY BECAUSE OF COVID-19. 4992 03:38:18,800 --> 03:38:22,200 NOT ONLY DROP SOME THINGS SUCH 4993 03:38:22,200 --> 03:38:23,920 AS COLLECTION OF SALIVA AND 4994 03:38:23,920 --> 03:38:25,040 CARBON MONOXIDE AT DIFFERENT 4995 03:38:25,040 --> 03:38:27,080 POINTS BUT WE HAD TO DEAL WITH 4996 03:38:27,080 --> 03:38:29,400 THE FOOD SECURITY ISSUES BECAUSE 4997 03:38:29,400 --> 03:38:30,320 OUR COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS 4998 03:38:30,320 --> 03:38:32,560 KEPT SAYING THAT THEY WERE 4999 03:38:32,560 --> 03:38:34,800 GETTING MULTIPLE REQUESTS FROM 5000 03:38:34,800 --> 03:38:36,760 PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY ABOUT 5001 03:38:36,760 --> 03:38:39,800 GETTING FOOD AND SO WE STARTED 5002 03:38:39,800 --> 03:38:42,960 WORKING WITH THE FOOD 5003 03:38:42,960 --> 03:38:44,080 [AUDIO DISTORTION] 5004 03:38:44,080 --> 03:38:45,720 TO GET DISTRIBUTIONS OF FOOD TO 5005 03:38:45,720 --> 03:38:46,800 DISTRIBUTE TO COMMUNITIES IN 5006 03:38:46,800 --> 03:38:47,920 WHICH WE WORKED. 5007 03:38:47,920 --> 03:38:50,320 THE NEWS IS LEE AND PHILLIPS 5008 03:38:50,320 --> 03:38:52,720 COUNTY ARE HIGH ON THE LIST OF 5009 03:38:52,720 --> 03:38:53,560 THE ARKANSAS FOOD BANK, GOOD 5010 03:38:53,560 --> 03:38:54,760 NEWS, THEY WERE WILLING TO GIVE 5011 03:38:54,760 --> 03:38:59,480 US THE FOOD SO WE COULD DO FOUR 5012 03:38:59,480 --> 03:39:01,440 FOOD DISTRIBUTIONS PER YEAR. 5013 03:39:01,440 --> 03:39:09,640 HERE WHAT YOU SEE IS OUR STAFF 5014 03:39:09,640 --> 03:39:12,920 AT TATE, A VOLUNTEER, LEGACY 5015 03:39:12,920 --> 03:39:14,320 FROM THE ELAINE MASSACRE, HE'S 5016 03:39:14,320 --> 03:39:17,280 THERE TOO, AND GIVING OUT THE 5017 03:39:17,280 --> 03:39:20,760 FOOD SAMPLE, FOOD TO CLIENTS WHO 5018 03:39:20,760 --> 03:39:21,440 CAME BY. 5019 03:39:21,440 --> 03:39:23,200 NOT EVERYONE COULD COME AND GET 5020 03:39:23,200 --> 03:39:24,160 IT. 5021 03:39:24,160 --> 03:39:25,480 YOU HAVE PEOPLE LIKE THE POLICE 5022 03:39:25,480 --> 03:39:26,760 OFFICERS AND OTHER PEOPLE IN THE 5023 03:39:26,760 --> 03:39:27,560 COMMUNITY WHO COME BY AND PICK 5024 03:39:27,560 --> 03:39:30,280 UP FOOD TO TAKE TO SOME OF THE 5025 03:39:30,280 --> 03:39:31,640 HOUSING PROJECTS AREA OR PEOPLE 5026 03:39:31,640 --> 03:39:33,560 WHO ARE SICK AND SHUT IN OR 5027 03:39:33,560 --> 03:39:34,720 DON'T HAVE TRANSPORTATION. 5028 03:39:34,720 --> 03:39:37,960 WE ALSO TEAMED UP WITH OUR 5029 03:39:37,960 --> 03:39:38,720 COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING 5030 03:39:38,720 --> 03:39:42,000 PROGRAM, THE TOP PICTURE YOU SEE 5031 03:39:42,000 --> 03:39:46,120 DR. KRILL, ACTUALLY OUT WORKING 5032 03:39:46,120 --> 03:39:49,760 IN THE FIELD, TRYING TO CONVINCE 5033 03:39:49,760 --> 03:39:52,400 PEOPLE TO TAKE THE FIT TEST, SO 5034 03:39:52,400 --> 03:39:56,000 THAT WE COULD ATTEND NOT ONLY TO 5035 03:39:56,000 --> 03:40:01,560 THE NEEDS OF FOOD INSECURITY BUT 5036 03:40:01,560 --> 03:40:03,400 CAPTURE PEOPLE AT ONE TIME TO 5037 03:40:03,400 --> 03:40:06,920 FILL FILL -- FULFILL OTHER NEEDS 5038 03:40:06,920 --> 03:40:08,280 BECAUSE WE KNOW PEOPLE ARE 5039 03:40:08,280 --> 03:40:09,080 FALLING BEHIND IN CANCER 5040 03:40:09,080 --> 03:40:09,640 SCREENINGS AS WELL. 5041 03:40:09,640 --> 03:40:11,600 AND SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE 5042 03:40:11,600 --> 03:40:15,320 ADAPTATIONS WE HAD TO MAKE. 5043 03:40:15,320 --> 03:40:17,840 WE ALSO LEARNED THAT THROUGHOUT 5044 03:40:17,840 --> 03:40:20,800 THE STUDY THIS GRAPH HERE THAT 5045 03:40:20,800 --> 03:40:26,960 YOU SEE SHOWS YOU THE NUMBER OF 5046 03:40:26,960 --> 03:40:28,080 RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE 5047 03:40:28,080 --> 03:40:31,520 BLUE LINE, AND THE NUMBER OF 5048 03:40:31,520 --> 03:40:35,640 SUCCESSFUL REFERRALS. 5049 03:40:35,640 --> 03:40:37,080 WORD OF MOUTH OVER TIME IS 5050 03:40:37,080 --> 03:40:42,800 REALLY THE KEY TO GETTING PEOPLE 5051 03:40:42,800 --> 03:40:44,720 ENROLLED IN STUDIES IN RURAL 5052 03:40:44,720 --> 03:40:45,360 AREA. 5053 03:40:45,360 --> 03:40:46,480 THAT SMOKER RECRUITS OTHER 5054 03:40:46,480 --> 03:40:49,440 SMOKERS, THEY GET A REFERRAL FEE 5055 03:40:49,440 --> 03:40:52,920 OF ABOUT $20 PUT ON THEIR VISA 5056 03:40:52,920 --> 03:40:55,320 CARD AND THAT IS REALLY THE WAY 5057 03:40:55,320 --> 03:41:00,760 IN WHICH WE WERE ABLE TO REACH 5058 03:41:00,760 --> 03:41:03,120 THE 200 WOMEN THAT WE WERE 5059 03:41:03,120 --> 03:41:04,920 AIMING TO RECRUIT FOR OUR STUDY. 5060 03:41:04,920 --> 03:41:07,600 SO WORD OF MOUTH IS VERY 5061 03:41:07,600 --> 03:41:07,880 POWERFUL. 5062 03:41:07,880 --> 03:41:11,080 THE OTHER THING I WANT TO POINT 5063 03:41:11,080 --> 03:41:13,520 OUT IS THAT 89%, WE HAD 89% OF 5064 03:41:13,520 --> 03:41:16,880 THE WOMEN WHO WE SCREENED WERE 5065 03:41:16,880 --> 03:41:21,920 ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDY. 5066 03:41:21,920 --> 03:41:25,360 91.7%, WE HAD A 91.7% ENROLLMENT 5067 03:41:25,360 --> 03:41:28,920 RATE AMONG ELIGIBLE WOMEN. 5068 03:41:28,920 --> 03:41:31,320 95.9% OF WOMEN COMPLETED 5069 03:41:31,320 --> 03:41:35,720 BASELINE SURVEY AMONG THOSE WHO 5070 03:41:35,720 --> 03:41:36,320 WERE ACTUALLY ELIGIBLE. 5071 03:41:36,320 --> 03:41:39,080 AND SO BEFORE I SWITCH TO 5072 03:41:39,080 --> 03:41:40,320 TALKING ABOUT COVID-19, I'M 5073 03:41:40,320 --> 03:41:42,360 WATCHING THE CLOCK HERE, JUST 5074 03:41:42,360 --> 03:41:44,800 SOME IMPORTANT POINTS TO REALLY 5075 03:41:44,800 --> 03:41:47,160 TAKE HOME RELATED TO THE CONTEXT 5076 03:41:47,160 --> 03:41:49,240 OF WORKING IN THESE RURAL 5077 03:41:49,240 --> 03:41:51,080 COMMUNITIES, PARTICULARLY WITH 5078 03:41:51,080 --> 03:41:52,240 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. 5079 03:41:52,240 --> 03:41:54,400 WE CAN'T IGNORE THE 5080 03:41:54,400 --> 03:41:55,920 TRANSPORTATION ISSUES, WHICH IS 5081 03:41:55,920 --> 03:41:57,320 WHY WE ORIGINALLY HAD COMMUNITY 5082 03:41:57,320 --> 03:41:58,560 HEALTH WORKERS GOING TO THE 5083 03:41:58,560 --> 03:42:00,640 HOMES TO DELIVER THE 5084 03:42:00,640 --> 03:42:01,320 MOTIVATIONAL COUNSELING, AND 5085 03:42:01,320 --> 03:42:04,440 THEN WE HAD TO BACK OFF THAT AND 5086 03:42:04,440 --> 03:42:05,200 DO PHONES. 5087 03:42:05,200 --> 03:42:06,600 EVERY MONTH MY STAFF WERE HAVING 5088 03:42:06,600 --> 03:42:08,720 TO TRACK PEOPLE DOWN BECAUSE 5089 03:42:08,720 --> 03:42:10,000 THEY SWITCHED PHONES ALL THE 5090 03:42:10,000 --> 03:42:10,480 TIME. 5091 03:42:10,480 --> 03:42:12,960 WITH THE NEW STUDY THAT WE HAD 5092 03:42:12,960 --> 03:42:14,720 FUNDED THROUGH NIMHD, THROUGH 5093 03:42:14,720 --> 03:42:17,680 THE P50 CHRONIC DISEASE CENTERS, 5094 03:42:17,680 --> 03:42:21,160 WE'RE PROVIDING TABLETS AND 5095 03:42:21,160 --> 03:42:22,960 PHONES AND JET PACKS BECAUSE 5096 03:42:22,960 --> 03:42:24,560 THEY DON'T HAVE CONSISTENT 5097 03:42:24,560 --> 03:42:24,800 ACCESS. 5098 03:42:24,800 --> 03:42:27,840 WE CANNOT IGNORE THE FOOD 5099 03:42:27,840 --> 03:42:28,840 INSECURITY ISSUES BECAUSE, 5100 03:42:28,840 --> 03:42:32,640 AGAIN, NOT ONLY DO THESE 5101 03:42:32,640 --> 03:42:33,960 COUNTIES HAVE HIGH FOOD 5102 03:42:33,960 --> 03:42:36,120 INSECURITY RATES BUT INFLATION 5103 03:42:36,120 --> 03:42:38,320 IS RISING AND COVID HAS CAUSED 5104 03:42:38,320 --> 03:42:39,520 PEOPLE TO SUFFER MORE FROM 5105 03:42:39,520 --> 03:42:39,920 HUNGER. 5106 03:42:39,920 --> 03:42:43,280 WE HAVE TO INCORPORATE THESE 5107 03:42:43,280 --> 03:42:47,400 THINGS INTO OUR INTERVENTIONS. 5108 03:42:47,400 --> 03:42:48,800 AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 5109 03:42:48,800 --> 03:42:51,200 VOLUNTARY HOME POLICIES HAS SUCH 5110 03:42:51,200 --> 03:42:52,320 A LOW PRESENTATION AMONG WOMEN 5111 03:42:52,320 --> 03:42:54,240 SO I'M GLAD WE'RE DOING THIS 5112 03:42:54,240 --> 03:42:55,880 STUDY AND WE'LL BE HAPPY TO 5113 03:42:55,880 --> 03:42:59,520 SHARE THOSE RESULTS WHEN WE 5114 03:42:59,520 --> 03:43:00,920 FINALIZE THIS RANDOMIZED -- THE 5115 03:43:00,920 --> 03:43:06,160 RESULTS FROM THE INTERVENTION 5116 03:43:06,160 --> 03:43:06,400 ITSELF. 5117 03:43:06,400 --> 03:43:08,560 AND WE KNOW THAT INTENTION TO 5118 03:43:08,560 --> 03:43:12,280 QUIT IS HIGHER AMONG WOMEN WITH 5119 03:43:12,280 --> 03:43:15,120 COMPLETE BANS, AND TRYING TO 5120 03:43:15,120 --> 03:43:19,080 MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO KEEP THEIR 5121 03:43:19,080 --> 03:43:21,320 HOMES SMOKE FREE WILL HOPEFULLY 5122 03:43:21,320 --> 03:43:22,920 HAVE AN EFFECT ON QUIT RATES, 5123 03:43:22,920 --> 03:43:24,800 WHICH IS OUR SECONDARY OUTCOME. 5124 03:43:24,800 --> 03:43:33,360 NOW I'M GOING TO SWITCH OVER TO 5125 03:43:33,360 --> 03:43:34,680 THE COVID-19 VERY QUICKLY. 5126 03:43:34,680 --> 03:43:37,280 BECAUSE SOME OF THE CONTEXTUAL 5127 03:43:37,280 --> 03:43:40,000 FACTORS THAT AFFECTED OUR STUDY 5128 03:43:40,000 --> 03:43:42,080 ON -- RELATED TO SMOKING ARE THE 5129 03:43:42,080 --> 03:43:43,520 SAME FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE 5130 03:43:43,520 --> 03:43:48,080 WORK THAT WE'RE DOING WITH THE 5131 03:43:48,080 --> 03:43:49,960 ARKANSAS SEAL PROJECT. 5132 03:43:49,960 --> 03:43:53,800 AND SO THROUGH THIS PROJECT OUR 5133 03:43:53,800 --> 03:43:54,760 GOAL WAS TO CREATE COVID-19-FREE 5134 03:43:54,760 --> 03:43:56,520 STATE WHERE NO ONE IS LEFT 5135 03:43:56,520 --> 03:43:58,720 BEHIND TO SUFFER FROM 5136 03:43:58,720 --> 03:44:01,840 DEVASTATING EFFECTS OF COVID-19, 5137 03:44:01,840 --> 03:44:04,800 OR THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES. 5138 03:44:04,800 --> 03:44:07,200 ARKANSAS LAGS BEHIND IN TERMS OF 5139 03:44:07,200 --> 03:44:11,120 THE NATIONAL AVERAGES RELATED TO 5140 03:44:11,120 --> 03:44:13,920 VACCINATIONS, AND THAT INCLUDES 5141 03:44:13,920 --> 03:44:17,320 COUNTIES WHERE 25% OF THE 5142 03:44:17,320 --> 03:44:18,920 POPULATION IS AFRICAN AMERICAN. 5143 03:44:18,920 --> 03:44:21,000 WE'RE TRACKING THESE COUNTIES. 5144 03:44:21,000 --> 03:44:24,040 AND WE HAVE COALITION MEMBERS 5145 03:44:24,040 --> 03:44:24,840 FROM THESE COUNTIES. 5146 03:44:24,840 --> 03:44:28,200 VACCINATION RATES ARE AS LOW AS 5147 03:44:28,200 --> 03:44:31,480 35% IN PLACES LIKE LEE COUNTY, 5148 03:44:31,480 --> 03:44:36,080 OR AS HIGH AS 59% IN PLACES LIKE 5149 03:44:36,080 --> 03:44:38,040 DALLAS COUNTY. 5150 03:44:38,040 --> 03:44:41,960 WE'RE ALSO TRACKING VACCINATION 5151 03:44:41,960 --> 03:44:44,280 RATES IN COUNTIES WHERE 10,000 5152 03:44:44,280 --> 03:44:47,520 PEOPLE IN THE COUNTY ARE AFRICAN 5153 03:44:47,520 --> 03:44:48,680 AMERICAN SUCH AS PULASKI COUNTY 5154 03:44:48,680 --> 03:44:53,760 WHERE I LIVE, WHERE LITTLE ROCK 5155 03:44:53,760 --> 03:44:55,960 IS LOCATED, CRITTENDON WHICH IS 5156 03:44:55,960 --> 03:44:58,360 WEST MEMPHIS, AND THESE ARE THE 5157 03:44:58,360 --> 03:44:59,600 MOST POPULATED COUNTIES THAT 5158 03:44:59,600 --> 03:45:02,120 INCLUDE AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND 5159 03:45:02,120 --> 03:45:04,040 PLACES LIKE MISSISSIPPI, ST. 5160 03:45:04,040 --> 03:45:04,720 FRANCIS, UNION, JEFFERSON, 5161 03:45:04,720 --> 03:45:07,520 PHILLIPS, ALL PART OF THE DELTA 5162 03:45:07,520 --> 03:45:07,760 REGION. 5163 03:45:07,760 --> 03:45:11,160 SO EVEN IN THE COUNTY THAT HAS 5164 03:45:11,160 --> 03:45:13,160 THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF 5165 03:45:13,160 --> 03:45:13,960 AFRICAN AMERICANS, 40% OF 5166 03:45:13,960 --> 03:45:16,640 PULASKI COUNTY IS AFRICAN 5167 03:45:16,640 --> 03:45:19,920 AMERICAN, ONLY 54% OF PEOPLE IN 5168 03:45:19,920 --> 03:45:21,480 THE COUNTY ARE ACTUALLY 5169 03:45:21,480 --> 03:45:22,000 VACCINATED. 5170 03:45:22,000 --> 03:45:23,520 AND SO I'M GOING TO BRIEFLY 5171 03:45:23,520 --> 03:45:26,040 REPORT ON SOME OF THE THINGS 5172 03:45:26,040 --> 03:45:28,920 THAT WE FOUND FROM OUR COALITION 5173 03:45:28,920 --> 03:45:32,040 SURVEY SO YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE 5174 03:45:32,040 --> 03:45:33,600 CONTEXT IN WHICH THESE 5175 03:45:33,600 --> 03:45:36,320 ORGANIZATIONS ARE WORKING. 5176 03:45:36,320 --> 03:45:41,840 WE HAVE 125 PARTICIPANTS IN OUR 5177 03:45:41,840 --> 03:45:42,280 DATABASE. 5178 03:45:42,280 --> 03:45:43,560 THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAD 5179 03:45:43,560 --> 03:45:45,520 PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST ONE 5180 03:45:45,520 --> 03:45:46,960 COALITION MEETING WERE ELIGIBLE 5181 03:45:46,960 --> 03:45:49,280 TO PARTICIPATE IN OUR COALITION 5182 03:45:49,280 --> 03:45:49,520 SURVEY. 5183 03:45:49,520 --> 03:45:52,160 WE MEET TWICE PER MONTH TO 5184 03:45:52,160 --> 03:45:55,080 PROVIDE THEM WITH ACCURATE AND 5185 03:45:55,080 --> 03:45:55,800 UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ABOUT 5186 03:45:55,800 --> 03:45:56,080 COVID-19. 5187 03:45:56,080 --> 03:45:58,560 AND WE ALWAYS SAY TO THEM, IT'S 5188 03:45:58,560 --> 03:45:59,760 ACCURATE AND UP TO DATE AT THE 5189 03:45:59,760 --> 03:46:02,720 TIME THAT WE HAVE THAT 5190 03:46:02,720 --> 03:46:03,400 INFORMATION. 5191 03:46:03,400 --> 03:46:05,080 TO DATE WE'VE CONDUCTED ONE 5192 03:46:05,080 --> 03:46:08,320 BASELINE SURVEY, NOW IN THE 5193 03:46:08,320 --> 03:46:09,520 FIELD CONDUCTING THE SECOND 5194 03:46:09,520 --> 03:46:12,160 SURVEY TO LOOK AT CHANGES IN 5195 03:46:12,160 --> 03:46:15,080 SOME OF THESE MEASURES AMONG OUR 5196 03:46:15,080 --> 03:46:17,400 COALITION MEMBERS, AND THAT 5197 03:46:17,400 --> 03:46:19,920 INCLUDES CHANGES IN 5198 03:46:19,920 --> 03:46:23,000 ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, 5199 03:46:23,000 --> 03:46:25,640 CAPACITY BUILDING DOMAINS, 5200 03:46:25,640 --> 03:46:27,160 SUSTAINED IMPLEMENTATION 5201 03:46:27,160 --> 03:46:28,120 DOMAINS, PERCEIVED READINESS. 5202 03:46:28,120 --> 03:46:31,200 AND SO THE KINDS OF 5203 03:46:31,200 --> 03:46:33,920 ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE 5204 03:46:33,920 --> 03:46:37,400 PARTICIPATING IN OUR COALITION 5205 03:46:37,400 --> 03:46:39,600 RELATED TO COVID-19 ARE, REACH 5206 03:46:39,600 --> 03:46:41,920 INCLUDES FAITH ORGANIZATION, 5207 03:46:41,920 --> 03:46:44,560 GENERAL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS, 5208 03:46:44,560 --> 03:46:45,600 FOOD, SMALL BUSINESS, BLACK 5209 03:46:45,600 --> 03:46:48,240 GREEK ORGANIZATIONS, DAY CARE 5210 03:46:48,240 --> 03:46:50,480 CENTERS, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, 5211 03:46:50,480 --> 03:46:51,400 HIGHER EDUCATION, HEALTH AND 5212 03:46:51,400 --> 03:46:52,080 HUMAN SERVICES, GOVERNMENT 5213 03:46:52,080 --> 03:46:53,920 AGENCIES, AND THEN WE HAVE THIS 5214 03:46:53,920 --> 03:46:54,920 HUGE CATEGORY OF OTHERS THAT 5215 03:46:54,920 --> 03:46:58,480 WE'RE GOING TO TRY TO TEASE OUT 5216 03:46:58,480 --> 03:47:00,520 IN THE FOLLOW-UP SURVEY. 5217 03:47:00,520 --> 03:47:04,520 WE ASKED A LOT OF QUESTIONS 5218 03:47:04,520 --> 03:47:05,520 ABOUT CAPACITY ISSUES SUCH AS, 5219 03:47:05,520 --> 03:47:08,400 YOU KNOW, HAS YOUR MISSION 5220 03:47:08,400 --> 03:47:10,920 CHANGED, AND WE SEE THAT 24% 5221 03:47:10,920 --> 03:47:17,080 SAID THEIR MISSION DID CHANGE 5222 03:47:17,080 --> 03:47:20,240 DURING COVID-19, 90% HAVE 5223 03:47:20,240 --> 03:47:23,400 POLICIES TO PROTECT, 92% SAID 5224 03:47:23,400 --> 03:47:26,960 THEY CHANGED POLICIES TO PROMOTE 5225 03:47:26,960 --> 03:47:28,720 AND SUPPORT COVID-19 PREVENTION 5226 03:47:28,720 --> 03:47:29,280 PROTECTION STRATEGIES. 5227 03:47:29,280 --> 03:47:34,520 78% HAD OFFERED SOME KIND OF 5228 03:47:34,520 --> 03:47:36,320 EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOP FOR ITS -- 5229 03:47:36,320 --> 03:47:39,200 FOR THE EMPLOYEES, AND THEN 5230 03:47:39,200 --> 03:47:42,840 ABOUT 60% HAD ALSO OFFERED 5231 03:47:42,840 --> 03:47:45,680 WORKSHOPS FOR THEIR CLIENTS AS 5232 03:47:45,680 --> 03:47:45,920 WELL. 5233 03:47:45,920 --> 03:47:46,960 SOMETHING REALLY IMPORTANT TO 5234 03:47:46,960 --> 03:47:49,880 PAY ATTENTION TO IN TERMS OF 5235 03:47:49,880 --> 03:47:51,080 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY, AND 5236 03:47:51,080 --> 03:47:56,240 THAT IS THAT THESE ORGANIZATIONS 5237 03:47:56,240 --> 03:47:58,080 EXPERIENCE ABOUT A THIRD LAYOFFS 5238 03:47:58,080 --> 03:48:00,040 THAT AFFECTED ABOUT A THIRD OF 5239 03:48:00,040 --> 03:48:02,760 THEIR POPULATION AND THEN ABOUT 5240 03:48:02,760 --> 03:48:06,040 25% OF EMPLOYEES LEFT BECAUSE OF 5241 03:48:06,040 --> 03:48:07,480 COVID-19. 5242 03:48:07,480 --> 03:48:10,440 SO HUGE WORKFORCE ATTRITION 5243 03:48:10,440 --> 03:48:11,720 ISSUES FOR RURAL ORGANIZATIONS 5244 03:48:11,720 --> 03:48:17,760 THAT ALREADY HAD LOW CAPACITY. 5245 03:48:17,760 --> 03:48:19,960 54% RECEIVED SOME KIND OF 5246 03:48:19,960 --> 03:48:23,720 OFFICIAL REPORT TO ADDRESS 5247 03:48:23,720 --> 03:48:25,320 COVID-19. 5248 03:48:25,320 --> 03:48:27,320 70% HAD TO REALLOCATE RESOURCES, 5249 03:48:27,320 --> 03:48:28,720 A THIRD ASSIGNED A CHAMPION TO 5250 03:48:28,720 --> 03:48:30,480 ASSIST WITH SOME OF THESE 5251 03:48:30,480 --> 03:48:30,840 EFFORTS. 5252 03:48:30,840 --> 03:48:32,480 WHEN WE ASKED THEM WHETHER OR 5253 03:48:32,480 --> 03:48:34,880 NOT THEY FELT THAT THEY HAD 5254 03:48:34,880 --> 03:48:37,360 SUFFICIENT RESOURCES TO ADDRESS 5255 03:48:37,360 --> 03:48:38,840 COVID-19 NEXT YEAR, ONLY 9% 5256 03:48:38,840 --> 03:48:42,920 STRONGLY AGREED THAT THEY DID. 5257 03:48:42,920 --> 03:48:43,680 41% FELT COVID RESTRAINED 5258 03:48:43,680 --> 03:48:47,840 RESOURCES IN THE NEXT YEAR, AND 5259 03:48:47,840 --> 03:48:51,320 OVERALL 60% SAID THE PANDEMIC 5260 03:48:51,320 --> 03:48:54,840 STRAINED THEIR RESEARCH, THEIR 5261 03:48:54,840 --> 03:48:55,240 RESOURCES. 5262 03:48:55,240 --> 03:48:57,920 EVEN THEY REPORTED ON FACTORS 5263 03:48:57,920 --> 03:49:00,400 SUCH AS HOW THE PANDEMIC HAS 5264 03:49:00,400 --> 03:49:01,600 IMPACTED THE POPULATIONS THAT 5265 03:49:01,600 --> 03:49:05,200 THEY SERVED IN THE FIRST YEAR OF 5266 03:49:05,200 --> 03:49:08,200 IT, 25% SAID THEIR POPULATIONS 5267 03:49:08,200 --> 03:49:11,640 THAT THEY SERVE INCREASED. 5268 03:49:11,640 --> 03:49:14,280 52% SAID THAT IN THE FIRST YEAR 5269 03:49:14,280 --> 03:49:15,720 OF THE PANDEMIC THEIR 5270 03:49:15,720 --> 03:49:18,240 POPULATIONS THAT THEY SERVED 5271 03:49:18,240 --> 03:49:20,720 ACTUALLY DECREASED, AND 19% SAID 5272 03:49:20,720 --> 03:49:23,360 THE POPULATIONS DID NOT CHANGE 5273 03:49:23,360 --> 03:49:25,760 AT ALL. 5274 03:49:25,760 --> 03:49:27,200 AND ASKING ABOUT THE 5275 03:49:27,200 --> 03:49:28,920 REPRESENTATIVES WHO ANSWERED 5276 03:49:28,920 --> 03:49:29,720 THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT PERCEIVED 5277 03:49:29,720 --> 03:49:32,800 TRUST IN THE VACCINE WE ASKED 5278 03:49:32,800 --> 03:49:34,520 THEM ABOUT PERCEIVED TRUST 5279 03:49:34,520 --> 03:49:37,840 RELATED TO WHAT THEY FELT THEIR 5280 03:49:37,840 --> 03:49:39,720 WORKERS THOUGHT AND WHAT THEY 5281 03:49:39,720 --> 03:49:41,320 THOUGHT THEIR CLIENTS THINK. 5282 03:49:41,320 --> 03:49:44,280 SO BASICALLY WHAT WE SEE HERE IS 5283 03:49:44,280 --> 03:49:47,000 THAT WORKERS TENDED TO HAVE A -- 5284 03:49:47,000 --> 03:49:50,080 PERCEIVED WORKERS HAD A HIGHER 5285 03:49:50,080 --> 03:49:52,480 TRUST IN VACCINE COMPARED TO THE 5286 03:49:52,480 --> 03:49:53,240 VARIOUS CLIENTS. 5287 03:49:53,240 --> 03:49:56,320 AND SO WHAT DID WE DO? 5288 03:49:56,320 --> 03:49:58,760 IN TERMS OF TRYING TO EXTEND THE 5289 03:49:58,760 --> 03:50:02,800 REACH, I'VE GOT A FEW MINUTES 5290 03:50:02,800 --> 03:50:05,560 LEFT HERE, WE FOCUSED ON 5291 03:50:05,560 --> 03:50:08,520 DEVELOPING MATERIALS WITH INPUT 5292 03:50:08,520 --> 03:50:11,280 FROM OUR COALITIONS, AND WE 5293 03:50:11,280 --> 03:50:14,320 INCLUDED A CAMPAIGN WHICH WE 5294 03:50:14,320 --> 03:50:15,320 CALLED DOOR-TO-DOOR CAMPAIGN. 5295 03:50:15,320 --> 03:50:17,920 I'M GOING TO QUICKLY RUN THROUGH 5296 03:50:17,920 --> 03:50:19,680 HOW WE USED THESE COMMUNITY 5297 03:50:19,680 --> 03:50:21,320 REVIEW GROUPS TO GATHER 5298 03:50:21,320 --> 03:50:22,320 INFORMATION THAT INFORM THE 5299 03:50:22,320 --> 03:50:28,200 MESSAGES WE USE FOR OUR 5300 03:50:28,200 --> 03:50:30,720 DOOR-TO-DOOR CAMPAIGN. 5301 03:50:30,720 --> 03:50:31,720 HERE ARE QUALITATEIVE REVIEW 5302 03:50:31,720 --> 03:50:33,280 COMMENTS WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS 5303 03:50:33,280 --> 03:50:33,760 IN RURAL COUNTIES. 5304 03:50:33,760 --> 03:50:35,680 I WANT TO POINT TO ONE. 5305 03:50:35,680 --> 03:50:37,760 WE ASKED ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT 5306 03:50:37,760 --> 03:50:41,080 THEY WOULD ALLOW THEIR CHILD TO 5307 03:50:41,080 --> 03:50:42,440 GET A VACCINE, AND 5308 03:50:42,440 --> 03:50:44,720 OVERWHELMINGLY THE ANSWER WAS 5309 03:50:44,720 --> 03:50:45,560 NO. 5310 03:50:45,560 --> 03:50:47,240 AND THAT WAS ACROSS BOTH 5311 03:50:47,240 --> 03:50:50,320 COMMUNITY REVIEW GROUPS THAT WE 5312 03:50:50,320 --> 03:50:50,600 CONDUCTED. 5313 03:50:50,600 --> 03:50:53,520 SO THERE'S VERY LITTLE SUPPORT 5314 03:50:53,520 --> 03:50:55,040 FOR CHILDREN GETTING VACCINE, 5315 03:50:55,040 --> 03:50:58,080 THERE'S A HUGE FEAR OF 5316 03:50:58,080 --> 03:50:59,480 GOVERNMENT THAT ELISEO MENTIONED 5317 03:50:59,480 --> 03:51:00,320 EARLIER. 5318 03:51:00,320 --> 03:51:02,760 ONE OF THE COMMENTS IS WHY ARE 5319 03:51:02,760 --> 03:51:05,600 THEY PUSHING THIS THING ON US? 5320 03:51:05,600 --> 03:51:08,240 NOW THEY CARE ABOUT OUR HEALTH? 5321 03:51:08,240 --> 03:51:09,320 SUSPICIOUS YOU PUSH SOMETHING 5322 03:51:09,320 --> 03:51:11,800 GOOD FOR US WHEN WE ARE 5323 03:51:11,800 --> 03:51:15,240 MISTREATED IN THE HEALTH CARE 5324 03:51:15,240 --> 03:51:15,480 SYSTEM. 5325 03:51:15,480 --> 03:51:17,400 SO, WE DEVELOP MESSAGES FROM THE 5326 03:51:17,400 --> 03:51:18,600 COMMUNITY REVIEW GROUPS. 5327 03:51:18,600 --> 03:51:20,920 WE ASK FOR THE COALITION'S 5328 03:51:20,920 --> 03:51:23,120 FEEDBACK ON THOSE MESSAGES, THAT 5329 03:51:23,120 --> 03:51:25,520 THEN RESULTED IN DOOR HANGERS 5330 03:51:25,520 --> 03:51:29,520 THAT ARE BEING PASSED OUT 5331 03:51:29,520 --> 03:51:31,400 THROUGH OUR TOOLKITS TO 5332 03:51:31,400 --> 03:51:31,720 COMMUNITIES. 5333 03:51:31,720 --> 03:51:35,240 AND THIS IS JUST A PICTURE OF 5334 03:51:35,240 --> 03:51:38,760 SOME OF THE VOLUNTEERS IN THE 5335 03:51:38,760 --> 03:51:40,800 COMMUNITY WHO ARE ACTUALLY 5336 03:51:40,800 --> 03:51:44,160 PARTICIPATING IN THE DOOR TO 5337 03:51:44,160 --> 03:51:44,640 DOOR CAMPAIGN. 5338 03:51:44,640 --> 03:51:47,040 I WANT TO LEAVE YOU WITH FINAL 5339 03:51:47,040 --> 03:51:49,520 THOUGHTS ABOUT OUR REACH TO 5340 03:51:49,520 --> 03:51:51,080 RURAL COMMUNITIES, WHICH IS 5341 03:51:51,080 --> 03:51:52,280 WE'RE ENCOUNTERING ISSUES SUCH 5342 03:51:52,280 --> 03:51:54,560 AS HOW DO RURAL COMMUNITIES 5343 03:51:54,560 --> 03:51:56,440 ACTUALLY ACCESS HOME TEST KIT 5344 03:51:56,440 --> 03:51:58,080 THAT THEY NOT GET THROUGH THE 5345 03:51:58,080 --> 03:51:59,160 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT? 5346 03:51:59,160 --> 03:52:02,920 WHO HAS ACCESS TO AT LEAST ONE 5347 03:52:02,920 --> 03:52:06,080 N95 MASK WHEN THERE ARE NO 5348 03:52:06,080 --> 03:52:08,320 PHARMACIES, GROCERY STORES, OR 5349 03:52:08,320 --> 03:52:09,400 LOCATIONS IN THESE COMMUNITIES 5350 03:52:09,400 --> 03:52:11,640 WHERE THEY CAN ACTUALLY GO AND 5351 03:52:11,640 --> 03:52:13,560 GET AN N95 MASK? 5352 03:52:13,560 --> 03:52:16,920 SO WE HAVE NOW INCORPORATED THE 5353 03:52:16,920 --> 03:52:18,560 N95 MASK INTO THESE TOOL KITS 5354 03:52:18,560 --> 03:52:20,320 THAT WE HAVE BEEN SENDING 5355 03:52:20,320 --> 03:52:20,760 PEOPLE. 5356 03:52:20,760 --> 03:52:24,360 BUT WE'RE GRATEFUL FOR THE 5357 03:52:24,360 --> 03:52:27,080 FLEXIBILITY IN THE ARKANSAS CEAL 5358 03:52:27,080 --> 03:52:30,160 FUNDS TO ALLOW US TO ADAPT TO 5359 03:52:30,160 --> 03:52:32,120 WHAT WE'RE LEARNING THROUGH 5360 03:52:32,120 --> 03:52:33,320 COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WHAT 5361 03:52:33,320 --> 03:52:35,920 THEY ARE ABLE TO ACCESS ON THE 5362 03:52:35,920 --> 03:52:36,280 GROUND LEVEL. 5363 03:52:36,280 --> 03:52:38,680 SO I'M GOING TO SKIP A FEW 5364 03:52:38,680 --> 03:52:40,880 SLIDES AND JUST WRAP UP HERE BY 5365 03:52:40,880 --> 03:52:42,280 JUST POINTING TO THE FACT THAT 5366 03:52:42,280 --> 03:52:43,920 IF WE WANT TO SAVE OUR 5367 03:52:43,920 --> 03:52:46,520 COMMUNITIES WE FIRST HAVE TO 5368 03:52:46,520 --> 03:52:49,280 RECOGNIZE THAT NOT EVERYONE 5369 03:52:49,280 --> 03:52:50,920 BENEFITS EQUALLY FROM COMMUNITY 5370 03:52:50,920 --> 03:52:52,440 AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS, AND 5371 03:52:52,440 --> 03:52:55,720 THAT WE HAVE TO HAVE SOME 5372 03:52:55,720 --> 03:52:56,800 FLEXIBILITY IN OUR FUNDING 5373 03:52:56,800 --> 03:53:01,480 MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW US TO MAKE 5374 03:53:01,480 --> 03:53:03,440 CHANGES MID-COURSE TO REACH 5375 03:53:03,440 --> 03:53:04,920 THESE POPULATION GROUPS, WHETHER 5376 03:53:04,920 --> 03:53:08,400 IT RELATES TO CHRONIC OR 5377 03:53:08,400 --> 03:53:09,400 INFECTIOUS DISEASE DISPARITIES. 5378 03:53:09,400 --> 03:53:13,440 AND SO WHEN WE TALK ABOUT WHAT 5379 03:53:13,440 --> 03:53:14,720 ARE OUR RECOMMENDATIONS, I 5380 03:53:14,720 --> 03:53:18,120 MENTIONED I ONLY HAVE ONE REAL 5381 03:53:18,120 --> 03:53:18,720 RECOMMENDATION. 5382 03:53:18,720 --> 03:53:21,600 AND THAT IS WHEN PEOPLE ARE 5383 03:53:21,600 --> 03:53:28,360 MAKING THE CALL TO FIX THE 5384 03:53:28,360 --> 03:53:28,960 SITUATION, SCHOOLS, INCOME 5385 03:53:28,960 --> 03:53:30,600 INEQUALITY, AND HEALTH CARE 5386 03:53:30,600 --> 03:53:33,520 ACCESS, WE OFTEN ARE FACED WITH 5387 03:53:33,520 --> 03:53:35,120 THE RESPONSE, SORRY, FOLKS, THAT 5388 03:53:35,120 --> 03:53:36,320 CAN'T BE DONE. 5389 03:53:36,320 --> 03:53:39,120 WE'RE ASKING PEOPLE TO ACTUALLY 5390 03:53:39,120 --> 03:53:43,280 CHANGE THAT, AS QUICKLY AS WE 5391 03:53:43,280 --> 03:53:46,520 COULD CONSTRUCT AND DECONSTRUCT 5392 03:53:46,520 --> 03:53:48,720 WALL STREET, BLACK WALL STREET 5393 03:53:48,720 --> 03:53:49,240 OVERNIGHT, SOCIAL JUSTICE 5394 03:53:49,240 --> 03:53:54,840 APPROACH CALLS FOR US TO REJECT 5395 03:53:54,840 --> 03:53:56,320 PROCRASTINATING LOOP OF 5396 03:53:56,320 --> 03:53:58,440 OPPRESSION INTO QUICKLY REBUILD 5397 03:53:58,440 --> 03:54:00,080 INSTITUTIONS TO ADDRESS 5398 03:54:00,080 --> 03:54:01,520 CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT KEEP 5399 03:54:01,520 --> 03:54:04,080 COMMUNITIES THAT LAG BEHIND. 5400 03:54:04,080 --> 03:54:06,080 SO I'LL STOP THERE. 5401 03:54:06,080 --> 03:54:09,160 AND SEE IF THERE ARE ANY 5402 03:54:09,160 --> 03:54:09,440 QUESTIONS. 5403 03:54:09,440 --> 03:54:10,720 ELISEO, I DON'T KNOW IF THERE'S 5404 03:54:10,720 --> 03:54:11,400 TIME FOR THAT. 5405 03:54:11,400 --> 03:54:11,840 THANK YOU. 5406 03:54:11,840 --> 03:54:14,480 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, PEBBLES. 5407 03:54:14,480 --> 03:54:16,760 IT'S REALLY INSPIRING TO HEAR 5408 03:54:16,760 --> 03:54:20,120 YOU AND TO SEE THAT YOU'VE 5409 03:54:20,120 --> 03:54:24,960 REALLY FOUND A PLACE IN ARKANSAS 5410 03:54:24,960 --> 03:54:27,120 LEARNING ABOUT THE DELTA, WHICH 5411 03:54:27,120 --> 03:54:29,560 I THINK -- WELL, I ALREADY HAD 5412 03:54:29,560 --> 03:54:33,280 KNOWN ABOUT THE DELTA IN 5413 03:54:33,280 --> 03:54:34,280 ARKANSAS FROM PRIOR 5414 03:54:34,280 --> 03:54:35,400 INVESTIGATORS, SO I THINK THAT'S 5415 03:54:35,400 --> 03:54:37,520 REALLY WONDERFUL THAT YOU'RE 5416 03:54:37,520 --> 03:54:39,720 ABLE TO BE THERE AND REALLY 5417 03:54:39,720 --> 03:54:41,320 MOTIVATED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT 5418 03:54:41,320 --> 03:54:41,640 IT. 5419 03:54:41,640 --> 03:54:48,680 I'M JUST GOING TO READ THE 5420 03:54:48,680 --> 03:54:49,560 QUESTION FROM CARMEN REGARDING 5421 03:54:49,560 --> 03:54:51,720 DO YOU THINK A PARTIAL BAN ON 5422 03:54:51,720 --> 03:54:54,640 SMOKING IS RELATED TO ACCEPTANCE 5423 03:54:54,640 --> 03:54:57,480 OR TOLERANCE OF SPECIFIC 5424 03:54:57,480 --> 03:54:58,040 PRODUCTS? 5425 03:54:58,040 --> 03:55:01,200 E-CIGARETTE USE IS EXTREMELY LOW 5426 03:55:01,200 --> 03:55:03,600 BUT DO THEY ACCEPT SMOKING? 5427 03:55:03,600 --> 03:55:07,400 IS IT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE? 5428 03:55:07,400 --> 03:55:08,440 IS THAT -- 5429 03:55:08,440 --> 03:55:11,880 >> YEAH, I MEAN -- WELL, THAT IS 5430 03:55:11,880 --> 03:55:13,200 IT BECAUSE SMOKING IS SO HIGH. 5431 03:55:13,200 --> 03:55:17,320 IT IS A SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE NORM 5432 03:55:17,320 --> 03:55:17,920 HERE. 5433 03:55:17,920 --> 03:55:20,960 BUT IT'S ALSO THAT ARKANSAS WAY 5434 03:55:20,960 --> 03:55:23,600 IS, YOU KNOW, I HAVE THE RIGHT, 5435 03:55:23,600 --> 03:55:25,320 IT'S MY PERSONAL RIGHT. 5436 03:55:25,320 --> 03:55:25,680 >> UH-HUH. 5437 03:55:25,680 --> 03:55:27,400 >> AND PERSONAL RIGHT IS A VERY 5438 03:55:27,400 --> 03:55:28,360 STRONG ISSUE HERE. 5439 03:55:28,360 --> 03:55:31,000 IT'S NOT JUST WITH SMOKING BUT 5440 03:55:31,000 --> 03:55:33,080 IT'S ALSO WITH MASK WEARING AND 5441 03:55:33,080 --> 03:55:35,680 GETTING A VACCINATION AS WELL. 5442 03:55:35,680 --> 03:55:38,240 SO WE SEE THAT PERSONAL RIGHT 5443 03:55:38,240 --> 03:55:40,080 THEME THAT CUTS ACROSS, YOU 5444 03:55:40,080 --> 03:55:42,360 KNOW, AREAS OF CHRONIC DISEASE 5445 03:55:42,360 --> 03:55:46,640 PREVENTION AS WELL AS INFECTIOUS 5446 03:55:46,640 --> 03:55:47,160 DISEASE PREVENTION. 5447 03:55:47,160 --> 03:55:48,520 >> AND I'LL CALL ON YOU, KEN, IF 5448 03:55:48,520 --> 03:55:52,960 YOU PROMISE TO BE VERY BRIEF. 5449 03:55:52,960 --> 03:55:53,400 >> PROMISE. 5450 03:55:53,400 --> 03:55:54,080 >> GO AHEAD. 5451 03:55:54,080 --> 03:55:58,680 >> PEBBLES, I COULD SPEND HOURS 5452 03:55:58,680 --> 03:56:00,240 DECONSTRUCTING THOSE TWO GREAT 5453 03:56:00,240 --> 03:56:01,480 TALKS, BOTH COVID AND SMOKING. 5454 03:56:01,480 --> 03:56:03,680 I WANT TO ASK ABOUT RURAL 5455 03:56:03,680 --> 03:56:04,520 SMOKING BECAUSE WE'RE EMBARKING 5456 03:56:04,520 --> 03:56:06,720 ON SOME OF THAT NOW. 5457 03:56:06,720 --> 03:56:10,920 YOU KNOW BETTER THAN ANYONE 5458 03:56:10,920 --> 03:56:12,320 NATIONALLY THERE'S PATTERNS, YOU 5459 03:56:12,320 --> 03:56:13,600 MENTIONED MENTHOL BUT THEY START 5460 03:56:13,600 --> 03:56:17,000 ONE OR TWO YEARS LATER, MORE 5461 03:56:17,000 --> 03:56:19,720 LIKELY TO BE DAILY, OCCASIONAL 5462 03:56:19,720 --> 03:56:20,800 LIGHT SMOKERS, LESS LIKELY TO 5463 03:56:20,800 --> 03:56:26,520 USE MEDS, LESS LIKELY TO RESPOND 5464 03:56:26,520 --> 03:56:29,320 TO MRI, HOW MUCH DOES RURAL 5465 03:56:29,320 --> 03:56:30,320 BLACK SMOKING MIRROR THE 5466 03:56:30,320 --> 03:56:34,120 NATIONAL BLACK SMOKER OR IS IT A 5467 03:56:34,120 --> 03:56:35,920 DIFFERENT PHENOMENON? 5468 03:56:35,920 --> 03:56:37,520 >> IT ACTUALLY MIRRORS FAIRLY 5469 03:56:37,520 --> 03:56:38,080 WELL. 5470 03:56:38,080 --> 03:56:41,480 YOU KNOW, THE MENTHOL SMOKING 5471 03:56:41,480 --> 03:56:45,080 RATE, ALTHOUGH WE SEE 70% OF OUR 5472 03:56:45,080 --> 03:56:47,360 SMOKERS ARE DAILY SMOKERS, ON 5473 03:56:47,360 --> 03:56:49,840 AVERAGE THEY SMOKE ABOUT 10 TO 5474 03:56:49,840 --> 03:56:52,720 12 CIGARETTES PER DAY. 5475 03:56:52,720 --> 03:56:54,160 AND SO THERE ARE A LOT OF 5476 03:56:54,160 --> 03:56:57,760 SIMILARITIES TO WHAT YOU SEE IN 5477 03:56:57,760 --> 03:56:59,200 GENERAL AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS 5478 03:56:59,200 --> 03:57:03,920 RELATED TO THEIR SMOKING RATES. 5479 03:57:03,920 --> 03:57:04,480 >> THANKS. 5480 03:57:04,480 --> 03:57:07,240 >> WE'VE NOT GIVEN UP ON A BAN 5481 03:57:07,240 --> 03:57:08,880 ON MENTHOL. 5482 03:57:08,880 --> 03:57:10,920 LET'S KEEP THIS. 5483 03:57:10,920 --> 03:57:11,160 ALL RIGHT. 5484 03:57:11,160 --> 03:57:13,440 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH AGAIN, 5485 03:57:13,440 --> 03:57:14,440 PEBBLES, FOR THAT WONDERFUL 5486 03:57:14,440 --> 03:57:14,880 PRESENTATION. 5487 03:57:14,880 --> 03:57:19,360 IT'S GREAT TO SEE ALL THE WORK 5488 03:57:19,360 --> 03:57:20,880 YOU'RE DOING. 5489 03:57:20,880 --> 03:57:24,800 NOW WE'RE TURNING TO NATHAN 5490 03:57:24,800 --> 03:57:28,440 STINSON TO PRESENT THE TRIENNIAL 5491 03:57:28,440 --> 03:57:30,160 INCLUSION REPORT. 5492 03:57:30,160 --> 03:57:32,000 NATHAN IS A FAMILY PHYSICIAN, 5493 03:57:32,000 --> 03:57:37,520 ALSO HAS A Ph.D. IN PHYSIOLOGY 5494 03:57:37,520 --> 03:57:40,880 AND HAS BEEN AT NIMHD FOR 14, 15 5495 03:57:40,880 --> 03:57:42,440 YEARS. 5496 03:57:42,440 --> 03:57:45,120 HE IS ONE OF OUR LEADERS IN THE 5497 03:57:45,120 --> 03:57:47,440 INSTITUTE AND IS A DIRECTOR OF 5498 03:57:47,440 --> 03:57:50,280 THE DIVISION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 5499 03:57:50,280 --> 03:57:53,360 AND POPULATION SCIENCE. 5500 03:57:53,360 --> 03:57:53,680 NATE? 5501 03:57:53,680 --> 03:57:54,520 THERE HE IS. 5502 03:57:54,520 --> 03:57:56,520 >> YEAH. 5503 03:57:56,520 --> 03:58:00,640 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ELISEO. 5504 03:58:00,640 --> 03:58:14,520 5505 03:58:14,520 --> 03:58:16,600 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, JUAN. 5506 03:58:16,600 --> 03:58:19,720 I'M GOING TO PRESENT THE 5507 03:58:19,720 --> 03:58:21,520 TRIENNIAL REPORT ON INCLUSION IN 5508 03:58:21,520 --> 03:58:27,200 CLINICAL RESEARCH FOR NIMHD. 5509 03:58:27,200 --> 03:58:30,000 IT COVERS THE YEARS 2019, 2020, 5510 03:58:30,000 --> 03:58:32,400 AND 2021. 5511 03:58:32,400 --> 03:58:33,000 NEXT SLIDE. 5512 03:58:33,000 --> 03:58:36,720 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE HISTORY. 5513 03:58:36,720 --> 03:58:41,840 THE PURPOSE OF THE NIH INCLUSION 5514 03:58:41,840 --> 03:58:46,400 POLICIES, TO ASSURE THAT THE 5515 03:58:46,400 --> 03:58:49,840 DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICIPANTS BY 5516 03:58:49,840 --> 03:58:51,560 SEX/GENDER, RACE, ETHNICITY, AND 5517 03:58:51,560 --> 03:58:53,320 AGE, REFLECT THE POPULATIONS 5518 03:58:53,320 --> 03:58:57,480 NEEDED TO ACCOMPLISH THE 5519 03:58:57,480 --> 03:59:00,640 SCIENTIFIC GOALS, RATHER THAN 5520 03:59:00,640 --> 03:59:02,800 JUST A LISTING OF INDIVIDUALS 5521 03:59:02,800 --> 03:59:04,200 BASED ON THESE PARTICULAR 5522 03:59:04,200 --> 03:59:04,560 CHARACTERISTICS. 5523 03:59:04,560 --> 03:59:09,480 SO YOU SHOULD DESIGN YOUR STUDY, 5524 03:59:09,480 --> 03:59:12,240 YOU KNOW, AND PLAN FOR 5525 03:59:12,240 --> 03:59:14,920 PARTICIPANTS THAT ALLOW YOU TO 5526 03:59:14,920 --> 03:59:16,440 ACCOMPLISH THE RESEARCH INTEREST 5527 03:59:16,440 --> 03:59:19,080 THAT YOU HAVE. 5528 03:59:19,080 --> 03:59:20,280 INCLUSION SHOULD BE 5529 03:59:20,280 --> 03:59:21,640 SCIENTIFICALLY APPROPRIATE AND 5530 03:59:21,640 --> 03:59:23,280 REALISTIC, AS I MENTIONED. 5531 03:59:23,280 --> 03:59:24,880 WE NEED TO CONSIDER EXTERNAL 5532 03:59:24,880 --> 03:59:26,840 VALIDITY AND EVERY STUDY DOES 5533 03:59:26,840 --> 03:59:32,400 NOT NECESSARILY NEED TO INCLUDE 5534 03:59:32,400 --> 03:59:32,720 EVERY GROUP. 5535 03:59:32,720 --> 03:59:33,720 NEXT SLIDES. 5536 03:59:33,720 --> 03:59:37,160 A LITTLE MORE ABOUT THE HISTORY, 5537 03:59:37,160 --> 03:59:38,320 AND I'LL START OFF REALLY 5538 03:59:38,320 --> 03:59:40,720 TALKING ABOUT THE INCLUSION OF 5539 03:59:40,720 --> 03:59:42,320 WOMEN AND MINORITIES AT NIH 5540 03:59:42,320 --> 03:59:44,320 CLINICAL RESEARCH. 5541 03:59:44,320 --> 03:59:48,560 THE NIH REVITALIZATION ACT OF 5542 03:59:48,560 --> 03:59:50,320 1993 REALLY REQUIRED WOMEN AND 5543 03:59:50,320 --> 03:59:52,720 RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES TO 5544 03:59:52,720 --> 03:59:54,040 BE INCLUDED IN NIH-SUPPORTED 5545 03:59:54,040 --> 03:59:57,960 CLINICAL RESEARCH IN A MANNER 5546 03:59:57,960 --> 03:59:59,160 THAT REALLY WAS APPROPRIATE TO 5547 03:59:59,160 --> 04:00:02,520 THE SCIENCE OF THE STUDY UNLESS 5548 04:00:02,520 --> 04:00:06,000 THERE WAS SOME COMPELLING REASON 5549 04:00:06,000 --> 04:00:09,600 THAT THAT WAS NOT PRACTICAL. 5550 04:00:09,600 --> 04:00:13,240 AND ALSO PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS 5551 04:00:13,240 --> 04:00:14,880 BE DESIGNED TO PRODUCE ACCURATE 5552 04:00:14,880 --> 04:00:17,160 ESTIMATES OF DIFFERENCES IN 5553 04:00:17,160 --> 04:00:21,520 OUTCOMES BY SEX/GENDER AND 5554 04:00:21,520 --> 04:00:21,920 RACE/ETHNICITY. 5555 04:00:21,920 --> 04:00:24,600 SO THERE NEEDED TO BE A PLAN FOR 5556 04:00:24,600 --> 04:00:26,760 THEIR ANALYSIS OF THE DATA ALONG 5557 04:00:26,760 --> 04:00:31,800 THOSE CHARACTERISTICS. 5558 04:00:31,800 --> 04:00:33,480 NEXT SLIDE. 5559 04:00:33,480 --> 04:00:37,720 THERE ALSO WAS AN INTEREST IN 5560 04:00:37,720 --> 04:00:40,040 INCREASING TRANSPARENCY AND 5561 04:00:40,040 --> 04:00:40,720 EXPANDING INCLUSION OF 5562 04:00:40,720 --> 04:00:41,960 PARTICIPANTS ACROSS THE 5563 04:00:41,960 --> 04:00:42,560 LIFESPAN. 5564 04:00:42,560 --> 04:00:49,920 SO THE 20th CENTURY CURES ACT, 5565 04:00:49,920 --> 04:00:55,920 WHICH WAS -- 21ST CENTURY CURES 5566 04:00:55,920 --> 04:00:57,920 ACT ENACTED IN 2016 PHASE 3 5567 04:00:57,920 --> 04:01:01,560 CLINICAL TRIALS REPORT RESULTS 5568 04:01:01,560 --> 04:01:04,320 VALID ANALYSIS IN 5569 04:01:04,320 --> 04:01:04,840 clinicaltrials.gov, AND 5570 04:01:04,840 --> 04:01:06,640 APPLICABLE, YOU KNOW, CLINICAL 5571 04:01:06,640 --> 04:01:18,960 TRIALS IS A VERY SPECIFIC TERM 5572 04:01:18,960 --> 04:01:23,840 THAT RELATES TO REGULATIONS THAT 5573 04:01:23,840 --> 04:01:27,080 WERE WITH THE FOOD AND DRUG 5574 04:01:27,080 --> 04:01:27,520 ADMINISTRATION. 5575 04:01:27,520 --> 04:01:32,000 THE CURES ACT ALSO REQUIRES 5576 04:01:32,000 --> 04:01:34,200 PUBLISHING SEX/GENDER 5577 04:01:34,200 --> 04:01:36,840 RACE/ETHNICITY INCLUSION DATA IN 5578 04:01:36,840 --> 04:01:40,080 THE NIH RESEARCH CONDITION AND 5579 04:01:40,080 --> 04:01:41,240 DISEASE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 5580 04:01:41,240 --> 04:01:46,360 THAT WE CALL IT RCDC WHERE NIH 5581 04:01:46,360 --> 04:01:56,080 REPORTS ON THE DIFFERENT 5582 04:01:56,080 --> 04:02:01,800 CATEGORIES AND EXPENDITURES AT 5583 04:02:01,800 --> 04:02:02,200 NIH. 5584 04:02:02,200 --> 04:02:04,480 AND REVISION TO INCLUSION OF 5585 04:02:04,480 --> 04:02:06,240 CHILDREN POLICY TO ENSURE 5586 04:02:06,240 --> 04:02:07,080 INDIVIDUALS ARE INCLUDED IN 5587 04:02:07,080 --> 04:02:09,520 CLINICAL RESEARCH IN A MANNER, 5588 04:02:09,520 --> 04:02:11,280 AGAIN, APPROPRIATE TO SCIENTIFIC 5589 04:02:11,280 --> 04:02:16,400 QUESTIONS BEING ASKED IN THAT 5590 04:02:16,400 --> 04:02:21,200 STUDY AND THAT THEY SHOULD SPAN 5591 04:02:21,200 --> 04:02:25,440 THE LIFESPAN, IF THAT'S 5592 04:02:25,440 --> 04:02:25,920 APPROPRIATE. 5593 04:02:25,920 --> 04:02:27,120 NEXT SLIDE. 5594 04:02:27,120 --> 04:02:29,560 FROM AN OPERATIONAL POINT OF 5595 04:02:29,560 --> 04:02:33,920 VIEW, THE INCLUSION ACROSS THE 5596 04:02:33,920 --> 04:02:36,240 LIFESPAN POLICY REALLY REQUIRED, 5597 04:02:36,240 --> 04:02:38,800 YOU KNOW, SEVERAL THINGS. 5598 04:02:38,800 --> 04:02:39,720 YOU KNOW, IT REQUIRED ALL 5599 04:02:39,720 --> 04:02:42,640 INDIVIDUALS OF ALL AGES TO BE 5600 04:02:42,640 --> 04:02:44,400 INCLUDED IN HUMAN SUBJECTS 5601 04:02:44,400 --> 04:02:45,520 RESEARCH UNLESS THERE WAS 5602 04:02:45,520 --> 04:02:47,760 SCIENTIFIC OR ETHICAL REASON NOT 5603 04:02:47,760 --> 04:02:49,960 TO DO SO. 5604 04:02:49,960 --> 04:02:53,240 APPLICATIONS, PROPOSALS, OTHER 5605 04:02:53,240 --> 04:02:56,080 TYPE OF SOLICITATIONS NEEDED TO 5606 04:02:56,080 --> 04:02:57,960 ADDRESS THIS PARTICULAR ISSUE 5607 04:02:57,960 --> 04:03:01,080 WITHIN A HUMAN SUBJECTS AND 5608 04:03:01,080 --> 04:03:03,920 CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION, AND 5609 04:03:03,920 --> 04:03:06,000 THE INCLUSION ENROLLMENT REPORTS 5610 04:03:06,000 --> 04:03:11,080 THAT ARE PART OF THE APPLICATION 5611 04:03:11,080 --> 04:03:12,760 PROCESS FOR NIH GRANTS AND 5612 04:03:12,760 --> 04:03:14,320 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS. 5613 04:03:14,320 --> 04:03:16,520 IT ALSO REQUIRES SUBMISSION OF 5614 04:03:16,520 --> 04:03:21,440 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DATA ON 5615 04:03:21,440 --> 04:03:23,200 PARTICIPANT AGE AT ENROLLMENT IN 5616 04:03:23,200 --> 04:03:27,520 THE ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORTS. 5617 04:03:27,520 --> 04:03:31,120 NEXT SLIDE. 5618 04:03:31,120 --> 04:03:37,680 THE CURES ACT ALSO REQUIRED THAT 5619 04:03:37,680 --> 04:03:42,160 NIH PREPARE A TRIENNIAL 5620 04:03:42,160 --> 04:03:44,480 INCLUSION REPORT. 5621 04:03:44,480 --> 04:03:47,520 THESE REPORTS ARE INCLUDED IN 5622 04:03:47,520 --> 04:03:49,040 THE NIH DIRECTOR'S REPORT TO 5623 04:03:49,040 --> 04:03:50,480 CONGRESS. 5624 04:03:50,480 --> 04:03:53,400 AS I MENTIONED EARLIER, THIS 5625 04:03:53,400 --> 04:03:56,480 CURRENT REPORT IS INCLUSIVE OF 5626 04:03:56,480 --> 04:03:59,800 2019, 2020, AND 2021. 5627 04:03:59,800 --> 04:04:02,400 NEXT SLIDE. 5628 04:04:02,400 --> 04:04:06,080 JUST A COUPLE OF DEFINITIONS, 5629 04:04:06,080 --> 04:04:08,160 WHICH I'M SURE ALL OF YOU ARE 5630 04:04:08,160 --> 04:04:09,360 AWARE OF. 5631 04:04:09,360 --> 04:04:12,880 FIRST ONE IS A CLINICAL 5632 04:04:12,880 --> 04:04:16,120 RESEARCH, NIH DEFINES IT AS 5633 04:04:16,120 --> 04:04:17,480 PATIENT-ORIENTED RESEARCH. 5634 04:04:17,480 --> 04:04:22,520 RESEARCH CONDUCTED WITH HUMAN 5635 04:04:22,520 --> 04:04:24,600 SUBJECTS OR MATERIALS OF HUMAN 5636 04:04:24,600 --> 04:04:27,520 ORIGIN SUCH AS TISSUE SPECIMENS, 5637 04:04:27,520 --> 04:04:29,400 FOR WHICH AN INVESTIGATOR 5638 04:04:29,400 --> 04:04:33,080 DIRECTLY INTERACTS WITH HUMAN 5639 04:04:33,080 --> 04:04:33,720 SUBJECTS. 5640 04:04:33,720 --> 04:04:35,080 IT INCLUDES MECHANISMS OF HUMAN 5641 04:04:35,080 --> 04:04:40,520 DISEASE, SORRY THERE'S A TYPO 5642 04:04:40,520 --> 04:04:43,560 THERE, MECHANISM OF HUMAN 5643 04:04:43,560 --> 04:04:44,360 DISEASE, THERAPEUTIC 5644 04:04:44,360 --> 04:04:47,520 INTERVENTIONS, CLINICAL TRIALS, 5645 04:04:47,520 --> 04:04:51,480 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES. 5646 04:04:51,480 --> 04:04:53,880 IT INCLUDES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND 5647 04:04:53,880 --> 04:04:55,160 BEHAVIORAL STUDIES, OUTCOMES 5648 04:04:55,160 --> 04:04:58,760 RESEARCH, AND HEALTH SERVICES 5649 04:04:58,760 --> 04:04:59,080 RESEARCH. 5650 04:04:59,080 --> 04:05:01,080 EXCLUDED ARE IN VITRO STUDIES 5651 04:05:01,080 --> 04:05:03,080 THAT UTILIZE HUMAN TISSUES THAT 5652 04:05:03,080 --> 04:05:09,320 CANNOT BE LINKED TO LIVING 5653 04:05:09,320 --> 04:05:09,640 INDIVIDUALS. 5654 04:05:09,640 --> 04:05:11,640 NEXT SLIDE. 5655 04:05:11,640 --> 04:05:14,360 A COUPLE OTHER DEFINITIONS THAT 5656 04:05:14,360 --> 04:05:18,200 ARE PERTINENT TO THIS REPORT, 5657 04:05:18,200 --> 04:05:20,480 ONE IS NIH DEFINED PHASE 3 5658 04:05:20,480 --> 04:05:21,680 CLINICAL TRIALS, STUDIES THAT 5659 04:05:21,680 --> 04:05:23,520 EVALUATE INTERVENTION IN LARGE 5660 04:05:23,520 --> 04:05:26,280 GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS BY 5661 04:05:26,280 --> 04:05:28,480 COMPARING THE INTERVENTION TO 5662 04:05:28,480 --> 04:05:33,880 EITHER A STANDARD OR OTHER 5663 04:05:33,880 --> 04:05:35,960 EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS. 5664 04:05:35,960 --> 04:05:37,560 WE ARE MOST FAMILIAR WITH HAVING 5665 04:05:37,560 --> 04:05:49,920 TO DO WITH DRUG OR DEVICE, 5666 04:05:49,920 --> 04:05:53,160 BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, AND 5667 04:05:53,160 --> 04:05:55,440 VALID ANALYSIS WHERE 5668 04:05:55,440 --> 04:05:56,080 INVESTIGATORS GENERALLY STRATIFY 5669 04:05:56,080 --> 04:06:00,600 THE OUTCOMES BASED BY SEX, 5670 04:06:00,600 --> 04:06:06,920 GENDER, OR RACE AND ETHNICITY. 5671 04:06:06,920 --> 04:06:07,800 NEXT SLIDE. 5672 04:06:07,800 --> 04:06:12,600 I JUST WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE 5673 04:06:12,600 --> 04:06:14,440 RESPONSIBILITIES SO YOU GET A 5674 04:06:14,440 --> 04:06:21,240 SENSE OF THE ROLES AND 5675 04:06:21,240 --> 04:06:22,720 RESPONSIBILITIES, THE DIFFERENT 5676 04:06:22,720 --> 04:06:24,640 COMPONENTS AS NIH AS WELL AS 5677 04:06:24,640 --> 04:06:28,920 APPLICANTS FOR GRANT OR 5678 04:06:28,920 --> 04:06:31,160 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT, SUPPORT 5679 04:06:31,160 --> 04:06:34,120 FROM NIH, AS RELATES TO 5680 04:06:34,120 --> 04:06:34,720 INCLUSION. 5681 04:06:34,720 --> 04:06:39,720 NIH HAS RESPONSIBILITY ENSURING 5682 04:06:39,720 --> 04:06:41,480 THERE'S COMPLIANCE, YOU KNOW, TO 5683 04:06:41,480 --> 04:06:44,080 THE POLICIES, RULES, AND 5684 04:06:44,080 --> 04:06:48,120 REGULATIONS THROUGH TRAINING OF 5685 04:06:48,120 --> 04:06:51,480 THE NIH STAFF, INVESTIGATORS IN 5686 04:06:51,480 --> 04:06:52,280 EXTRAMURAL AND INTRAMURAL 5687 04:06:52,280 --> 04:06:54,920 COMMUNITY AND THE PEER REVIEWERS 5688 04:06:54,920 --> 04:06:56,680 OF THE APPLICATIONS. 5689 04:06:56,680 --> 04:06:59,040 AND ULTIMATELY TO PROVIDE 5690 04:06:59,040 --> 04:07:01,120 OVERSIGHT OF THE FUNDED PROJECTS 5691 04:07:01,120 --> 04:07:02,320 AND MONITOR, YOU KNOW, THE 5692 04:07:02,320 --> 04:07:06,720 PROGRESS THAT IS BEING MADE FOR 5693 04:07:06,720 --> 04:07:09,000 RECRUITMENT OF RESEARCH 5694 04:07:09,000 --> 04:07:09,960 PARTICIPANTS. 5695 04:07:09,960 --> 04:07:12,120 THE APPLICANTS, YOU KNOW, ARE 5696 04:07:12,120 --> 04:07:15,640 REQUIRED TO PROVIDE AN INCLUSION 5697 04:07:15,640 --> 04:07:22,640 PLAN WITH PLANNED ENROLLMENT 5698 04:07:22,640 --> 04:07:24,320 TABLES WITH PROPOSED 5699 04:07:24,320 --> 04:07:27,320 DISTRIBUTION ACROSS SEX AND 5700 04:07:27,320 --> 04:07:34,440 GENDER, RACE AND ETHNICITY. 5701 04:07:34,440 --> 04:07:37,640 AND FOR PHASE 3, APPLICANTS MUST 5702 04:07:37,640 --> 04:07:41,560 PROVIDE DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANS 5703 04:07:41,560 --> 04:07:44,840 FOR THEIR VALID ANALYSIS AND 5704 04:07:44,840 --> 04:07:46,480 EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL GROUP 5705 04:07:46,480 --> 04:07:49,600 DIFFERENCES AMONG SEX AND 5706 04:07:49,600 --> 04:07:50,720 GENDER, RACE AND ETHNICITY. 5707 04:07:50,720 --> 04:07:55,920 AND TO PROVIDE AT LEAST YEARLY A 5708 04:07:55,920 --> 04:07:56,720 CUMULATIVE ENROLLMENT DATA, A 5709 04:07:56,720 --> 04:07:59,720 FEW YEARS AGO NIH CHANGED THEIR 5710 04:07:59,720 --> 04:08:04,560 PROCEDURE WHERE P.I.s COULD 5711 04:08:04,560 --> 04:08:07,840 UPDATE THOSE ENROLLMENT FORMS IN 5712 04:08:07,840 --> 04:08:10,040 A MORE REALTIME MANNER, WHICH I 5713 04:08:10,040 --> 04:08:13,440 THINK GREATLY ENHANCED OUR 5714 04:08:13,440 --> 04:08:17,280 ABILITY TO MONITOR ENROLLMENT IN 5715 04:08:17,280 --> 04:08:20,200 CLINICAL TRIALS. 5716 04:08:20,200 --> 04:08:22,400 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 5717 04:08:22,400 --> 04:08:25,320 THIS IS A FULL AND BUSY SLIDE, 5718 04:08:25,320 --> 04:08:27,320 BUT I WANTED TO SQUEEZE 5719 04:08:27,320 --> 04:08:30,880 EVERYTHING JUST ON ONE SLIDE 5720 04:08:30,880 --> 04:08:34,000 INSTEAD OF THREE. 5721 04:08:34,000 --> 04:08:37,720 OUTLINES RESPONSIBILITIES THAT 5722 04:08:37,720 --> 04:08:39,880 PROGRAM STAFF, PEER REVIEWERS 5723 04:08:39,880 --> 04:08:44,120 AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT HAVE 5724 04:08:44,120 --> 04:08:48,520 RELATED TO INCLUSION. 5725 04:08:48,520 --> 04:08:51,240 AND VERY QUICKLY, ISSUES AROUND 5726 04:08:51,240 --> 04:08:53,960 INCLUSION, YOU KNOW, ARE ALWAYS 5727 04:08:53,960 --> 04:08:57,040 AT THE FOREFRONT WHEN FUNDING 5728 04:08:57,040 --> 04:08:58,320 OPPORTUNITIES ARE WRITTEN AND 5729 04:08:58,320 --> 04:09:06,400 WRITTEN IN A WAY TO ASSURE THAT 5730 04:09:06,400 --> 04:09:10,200 APPLICANTS PROPOSED IN THEIR 5731 04:09:10,200 --> 04:09:12,520 APPLICATIONS RECRUITMENT THAT IS 5732 04:09:12,520 --> 04:09:14,160 RELEVANT TO THE PARTICULAR 5733 04:09:14,160 --> 04:09:17,000 DISEASE OR CONDITION THAT WILL 5734 04:09:17,000 --> 04:09:19,880 BE STUDIED, AND TO SCIENTIFIC 5735 04:09:19,880 --> 04:09:24,520 GOALS OF THE WORK, YOU KNOW, 5736 04:09:24,520 --> 04:09:25,120 PROPOSED. 5737 04:09:25,120 --> 04:09:26,400 PROGRAM STAFF REVIEWS 5738 04:09:26,400 --> 04:09:31,320 INFORMATION, THAT IS WITHIN 5739 04:09:31,320 --> 04:09:33,720 APPLICATIONS, ENSURE COMPLIANCE 5740 04:09:33,720 --> 04:09:37,520 WITH INCLUSION POLICY, AND 5741 04:09:37,520 --> 04:09:41,960 SHOULD THE REVIEW PANEL HAVE ANY 5742 04:09:41,960 --> 04:09:42,600 PARTICULAR CONCERNS AROUND 5743 04:09:42,600 --> 04:09:44,720 INCLUSION TO WORK WITH THE P.I. 5744 04:09:44,720 --> 04:09:48,360 TO MAKE SURE THAT ANY OF THOSE 5745 04:09:48,360 --> 04:09:50,000 CONCERNS ARE RESOLVED. 5746 04:09:50,000 --> 04:09:53,600 AND AFTER AWARDS ARE MADE, 5747 04:09:53,600 --> 04:09:59,720 MONITOR THE PROGRESS IN THE 5748 04:09:59,720 --> 04:10:03,160 RECRUITMENT TO ENSURE THAT THE 5749 04:10:03,160 --> 04:10:03,840 PLANNED ENROLLMENT GOALS ARE 5750 04:10:03,840 --> 04:10:06,440 MET, YOU KNOW, FOR THE 5751 04:10:06,440 --> 04:10:09,400 PARTICULAR STUDY. 5752 04:10:09,400 --> 04:10:10,720 REVIEWERS, YOU KNOW, EVALUATE 5753 04:10:10,720 --> 04:10:17,720 THE ADEQUACY OF PLANS TO INCLUDE 5754 04:10:17,720 --> 04:10:20,080 BOTH SEX AND GENDER, MINORITIES 5755 04:10:20,080 --> 04:10:21,880 AND CHILDREN, IS APPROPRIATE TO 5756 04:10:21,880 --> 04:10:25,160 SCIENTIFIC GOAL, WEIGHT THE PLAN 5757 04:10:25,160 --> 04:10:29,080 AS ACCEPTABLE OR UNACCEPTABLE. 5758 04:10:29,080 --> 04:10:34,560 AND THE RATING, YOU KNOW, MUST 5759 04:10:34,560 --> 04:10:36,080 FACTOR INTO THE OVERALL 5760 04:10:36,080 --> 04:10:38,280 EVALUATION OR SCORE OF 5761 04:10:38,280 --> 04:10:40,440 APPLICATION'S SCIENTIFIC AND 5762 04:10:40,440 --> 04:10:44,040 TECHNICAL MERIT. 5763 04:10:44,040 --> 04:10:44,920 GRANTS MANAGEMENT ENSURES 5764 04:10:44,920 --> 04:10:45,920 APPROPRIATE TERMS AND CONDITIONS 5765 04:10:45,920 --> 04:10:49,240 ARE INCLUDED IN NOTICE OF AWARD 5766 04:10:49,240 --> 04:10:52,040 ABOUT INCLUSION AND ENSURES THE 5767 04:10:52,040 --> 04:10:53,640 INFORMATION IS DOCUMENTED IN THE 5768 04:10:53,640 --> 04:10:58,560 OFFICIAL GRANT FILE. 5769 04:10:58,560 --> 04:11:00,080 NEXT SLIDE. 5770 04:11:00,080 --> 04:11:02,320 OKAY, SO THAT'S KIND OF THE 5771 04:11:02,320 --> 04:11:04,160 OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND. 5772 04:11:04,160 --> 04:11:10,080 I WANT TO GO OVER SOME OF THE 5773 04:11:10,080 --> 04:11:21,920 DATA THAT HAS BEEN COMPILED 5774 04:11:21,920 --> 04:11:22,760 REGARDING INCLUSION IN 5775 04:11:22,760 --> 04:11:25,960 NIH-SUPPORTED PROJECTS OVER THE 5776 04:11:25,960 --> 04:11:30,120 THREE-YEAR PERIOD. 5777 04:11:30,120 --> 04:11:31,080 NEXT SLIDE. 5778 04:11:31,080 --> 04:11:40,880 THIS CHART GIVES A BREAKDOWN OF 5779 04:11:40,880 --> 04:11:44,520 THE DIFFERENT INCLUSION 5780 04:11:44,520 --> 04:11:45,120 ENROLLMENT RECORD, YOU KNOW, 5781 04:11:45,120 --> 04:11:49,360 OVER THE, YOU KNOW, THREE-YEAR 5782 04:11:49,360 --> 04:11:50,120 PERIOD. 5783 04:11:50,120 --> 04:11:57,680 THE TOP CHART IS THE TOTAL 5784 04:11:57,680 --> 04:11:59,200 INCLUSION RECORDS FOR THE 5785 04:11:59,200 --> 04:12:00,080 INSTITUTE. 5786 04:12:00,080 --> 04:12:08,520 YOU CAN SEE IN 2019, 2020, AND 5787 04:12:08,520 --> 04:12:16,040 2021 IT GOES FROM, YOU KNOW, 402 5788 04:12:16,040 --> 04:12:26,120 TO 690, AND THE NUMBER OF 5789 04:12:26,120 --> 04:12:27,320 INCLUSION RECORDS CANNOT BE 5790 04:12:27,320 --> 04:12:29,880 VARIABLE, A SINGLE PROJECT CAN 5791 04:12:29,880 --> 04:12:32,160 HAVE MULTIPLE INCLUSION RECORDS 5792 04:12:32,160 --> 04:12:34,040 DEPENDING ON, YOU KNOW, 5793 04:12:34,040 --> 04:12:36,120 DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THAT, 5794 04:12:36,120 --> 04:12:37,680 THAT RESEARCH PROJECT. 5795 04:12:37,680 --> 04:12:43,920 THE LOWER CHART HAS TO DO WITH 5796 04:12:43,920 --> 04:12:45,680 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS. 5797 04:12:45,680 --> 04:12:53,800 YOU CAN SEE BY THIS CHART NIMHD 5798 04:12:53,800 --> 04:12:58,920 DOES NOT REALLY SUPPORT A LOT OF 5799 04:12:58,920 --> 04:13:03,960 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS, IN THE 5800 04:13:03,960 --> 04:13:08,240 FULL DISCLOSURE THE NIH SYSTEM 5801 04:13:08,240 --> 04:13:09,880 IS RELATIVELY CUMBERSOME IN 5802 04:13:09,880 --> 04:13:13,920 TRYING TO, YOU KNOW, CORRECT 5803 04:13:13,920 --> 04:13:18,080 SOME OF THE MISLABELING THAT 5804 04:13:18,080 --> 04:13:22,880 OCCURS OR DISCREPANCIES THAT MAY 5805 04:13:22,880 --> 04:13:25,800 OCCUR BETWEEN AN APPLICANT 5806 04:13:25,800 --> 04:13:28,160 INDICATING IN THEIR APPLICATION 5807 04:13:28,160 --> 04:13:30,360 THAT IS A PHASE 3 CLINICAL 5808 04:13:30,360 --> 04:13:31,960 TRIAL, WITH A REALITY IT'S NOT A 5809 04:13:31,960 --> 04:13:37,360 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL. 5810 04:13:37,360 --> 04:13:41,080 AND SO EFFORTS ARE MADE 5811 04:13:41,080 --> 04:13:45,120 CONTINUALLY TO TRY TO DISSOLVE 5812 04:13:45,120 --> 04:13:46,440 ANY OF THOSE PARTICULAR 5813 04:13:46,440 --> 04:13:49,360 DISCREPANCIES AND MAKE SURE THAT 5814 04:13:49,360 --> 04:13:51,920 THE INFORMATION AROUND CLINICAL 5815 04:13:51,920 --> 04:13:52,880 TRIALS IS AS ACCURATE AS 5816 04:13:52,880 --> 04:13:53,280 POSSIBLE. 5817 04:13:53,280 --> 04:13:56,480 AND THIS IS AN ISSUE ACROSS NIH 5818 04:13:56,480 --> 04:14:01,080 AS A WHOLE, NOT JUST WITH OUR 5819 04:14:01,080 --> 04:14:03,760 INSTITUTE AND OER IS TAKING SOME 5820 04:14:03,760 --> 04:14:11,120 STEPS TO TRY TO DETERMINE, YOU 5821 04:14:11,120 --> 04:14:12,200 KNOW, ADDITIONAL WAYS TO ENSURE, 5822 04:14:12,200 --> 04:14:13,880 YOU KNOW, THE ISSUE AROUND PHASE 5823 04:14:13,880 --> 04:14:18,240 3 CLINICAL TRIALS ENROLLMENT IS 5824 04:14:18,240 --> 04:14:20,200 VERY ACCURATE BECAUSE ACCORDING 5825 04:14:20,200 --> 04:14:22,800 TO DISCUSSIONS WITH THEM THIS IS 5826 04:14:22,800 --> 04:14:26,520 AN AREA THAT OUR ELECTED 5827 04:14:26,520 --> 04:14:27,320 OFFICIALS, THAT CONGRESS, YOU 5828 04:14:27,320 --> 04:14:31,200 KNOW, HAVE A KEEN INTEREST IN. 5829 04:14:31,200 --> 04:14:34,960 SO THE MAIN POINT HERE IS THAT 5830 04:14:34,960 --> 04:14:35,560 JUST DUE TO THE NATURE, YOU 5831 04:14:35,560 --> 04:14:37,920 KNOW, OF THE TYPE OF RESEARCH 5832 04:14:37,920 --> 04:14:42,000 THAT WE DO WE DON'T RUN A LOT 5833 04:14:42,000 --> 04:14:44,760 OF, YOU KNOW, VACCINE TRIALS, 5834 04:14:44,760 --> 04:14:46,920 DRUG TRIALS, MEDICAL DEVICES 5835 04:14:46,920 --> 04:14:50,520 TRIALS, VERY LIMITED NUMBER, 5836 04:14:50,520 --> 04:14:52,160 THAT WOULD MEET THE CRITERIA OF 5837 04:14:52,160 --> 04:14:53,200 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS AS 5838 04:14:53,200 --> 04:14:55,560 DEFINED BY NIH. 5839 04:14:55,560 --> 04:14:56,360 NEXT SLIDE. 5840 04:14:56,360 --> 04:14:58,400 I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT 5841 04:14:58,400 --> 04:15:00,920 INCLUSION OF SEX/GENDER IN OUR 5842 04:15:00,920 --> 04:15:09,320 RESEARCH PROJECTS. 5843 04:15:09,320 --> 04:15:10,440 NEXT SLIDE. 5844 04:15:10,440 --> 04:15:13,200 OKAY, IN MANY SLIDES I'M GOING 5845 04:15:13,200 --> 04:15:15,680 TO GIVE KIND OF THE OVERALL 5846 04:15:15,680 --> 04:15:19,040 SLICE OF NIH AS A WHOLE AND THEN 5847 04:15:19,040 --> 04:15:27,160 TALK ABOUT NIMHD, SO YOU CAN 5848 04:15:27,160 --> 04:15:31,960 KIND OF SEE COMPARISON BETWEEN 5849 04:15:31,960 --> 04:15:35,720 NIH OVERALL AND ALSO WHAT IS 5850 04:15:35,720 --> 04:15:37,200 WITHIN OUR INSTITUTE ITSELF. 5851 04:15:37,200 --> 04:15:40,560 MANY OF THESE SLIDES WILL HAVE 5852 04:15:40,560 --> 04:15:43,360 TOTAL NUMBERS, YOU KNOW, 5853 04:15:43,360 --> 04:15:45,920 ASSOCIATED WITH THEM. 5854 04:15:45,920 --> 04:15:49,280 I DON'T THINK, YOU KNOW, IN 5855 04:15:49,280 --> 04:15:50,920 REALITY THAT IS THAT 5856 04:15:50,920 --> 04:15:51,640 INFORMATIVE. 5857 04:15:51,640 --> 04:15:53,840 I THINK THAT PERCENTAGE 5858 04:15:53,840 --> 04:15:56,680 DIFFERENCES MAKES -- IS 5859 04:15:56,680 --> 04:15:58,200 SOMETHING THAT WILL ILLUSTRATE 5860 04:15:58,200 --> 04:16:01,120 DIFFERENCES PROBABLY TO A 5861 04:16:01,120 --> 04:16:01,480 GREATER DEGREE. 5862 04:16:01,480 --> 04:16:03,720 BUT IN THIS, YOU KNOW, SLIDE 5863 04:16:03,720 --> 04:16:07,000 HERE YOU CAN BASICALLY SEE AT 5864 04:16:07,000 --> 04:16:14,960 NIH OVERALL, YOU KNOW, 5865 04:16:14,960 --> 04:16:18,800 ESSENTIALLY, YOU KNOW, THE 5866 04:16:18,800 --> 04:16:20,880 PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS IN 5867 04:16:20,880 --> 04:16:25,920 THE CLINICAL RESEARCH IS 5868 04:16:25,920 --> 04:16:30,080 ANYWHERE FROM 50 TO 60% FEMALE, 5869 04:16:30,080 --> 04:16:34,880 AND 40 TO 50% MALE. 5870 04:16:34,880 --> 04:16:36,600 THERE'S A CERTAIN RELATIVELY 5871 04:16:36,600 --> 04:16:39,200 SMALL SLICE, UP TO 5%, THAT IS 5872 04:16:39,200 --> 04:16:43,520 NOT REPORTED, OR NONE. 5873 04:16:43,520 --> 04:16:44,760 NEXT SLIDE. 5874 04:16:44,760 --> 04:16:48,320 THIS IS, YOU KNOW, NIMHD'S 5875 04:16:48,320 --> 04:16:50,200 CLINICAL RESEARCH ENROLLMENT BY 5876 04:16:50,200 --> 04:16:56,120 SEX AND GENDER, FOR THOSE YEARS. 5877 04:16:56,120 --> 04:16:58,840 AND IT'S PRETTY MUCH, YOU KNOW, 5878 04:16:58,840 --> 04:17:04,480 MIRRORS NIH AS A WHOLE EXCEPT A 5879 04:17:04,480 --> 04:17:06,000 RELATIVELY SMALL SLICE OF, YOU 5880 04:17:06,000 --> 04:17:11,720 KNOW, UNKNOWN AND NOT REPORTED. 5881 04:17:11,720 --> 04:17:12,600 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 5882 04:17:12,600 --> 04:17:15,680 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT INCLUSION 5883 04:17:15,680 --> 04:17:22,400 OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC, YOU KNOW, MINORITIES . 5884 04:17:22,400 --> 04:17:24,360 NEXT SLIDE. 5885 04:17:24,360 --> 04:17:27,520 THIS IS, YOU KNOW, NIH AS A 5886 04:17:27,520 --> 04:17:27,880 WHOLE. 5887 04:17:27,880 --> 04:17:31,040 THIS IS JUST TOTAL NUMBER. 5888 04:17:31,040 --> 04:17:35,840 SO GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE. 5889 04:17:35,840 --> 04:17:40,120 AGAIN, THIS IS JUST TOTAL 5890 04:17:40,120 --> 04:17:40,360 NUMBER. 5891 04:17:40,360 --> 04:17:43,840 THERE ARE SLIDES THAT GIVE A 5892 04:17:43,840 --> 04:17:44,120 PERCENTAGE. 5893 04:17:44,120 --> 04:17:49,720 BUT I WANTED TO PAUSE FOR A 5894 04:17:49,720 --> 04:17:55,280 MOMENT AND JUST TALK ABOUT THE 5895 04:17:55,280 --> 04:17:59,120 CHANGE FROM 2019, 2020, AND 5896 04:17:59,120 --> 04:17:59,560 2021. 5897 04:17:59,560 --> 04:18:03,560 YOU CAN SEE THAT, YOU KNOW, 5898 04:18:03,560 --> 04:18:05,560 THERE IS A DECREASE OVER THOSE 5899 04:18:05,560 --> 04:18:08,160 THREE YEARS. 5900 04:18:08,160 --> 04:18:10,920 A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE 5901 04:18:10,920 --> 04:18:14,800 NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE 5902 04:18:14,800 --> 04:18:21,520 ENROLLED IN CLINICAL RESEARCH AT 5903 04:18:21,520 --> 04:18:22,240 NIMHD. 5904 04:18:22,240 --> 04:18:24,320 AND SOME OF THAT IS RELATED 5905 04:18:24,320 --> 04:18:28,920 TO -- A LOT ACTUALLY IS RELATED 5906 04:18:28,920 --> 04:18:34,160 TO SEVERAL RELATIVELY LARGE 5907 04:18:34,160 --> 04:18:37,720 STUDIES THAT HAD -- THAT WERE 5908 04:18:37,720 --> 04:18:39,320 STILL ACTIVE IN 2019, THAT 5909 04:18:39,320 --> 04:18:45,720 PHASED OUT, YOU KNOW, FROM 2020 5910 04:18:45,720 --> 04:18:46,640 TO 2021. 5911 04:18:46,640 --> 04:18:48,600 AND THERE WERE -- WE HAD SOME 5912 04:18:48,600 --> 04:18:55,720 LARGE STUDIES HAVING TO DO WITH 5913 04:18:55,720 --> 04:19:00,840 INDIVIDUALS, WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY 5914 04:19:00,840 --> 04:19:03,440 DISEASE, AND ASSOCIATION WITH 5915 04:19:03,440 --> 04:19:05,160 DIALYSIS, AS WELL AS RELATIVELY 5916 04:19:05,160 --> 04:19:08,680 LARGE STUDY THAT HAD TO DO WITH 5917 04:19:08,680 --> 04:19:10,520 CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND STROKE 5918 04:19:10,520 --> 04:19:14,320 THAT ACTUALLY CONTRIBUTED A FAIR 5919 04:19:14,320 --> 04:19:17,320 NUMBER OF ENROLLEES, YOU KNOW, 5920 04:19:17,320 --> 04:19:19,520 IN 2019. 5921 04:19:19,520 --> 04:19:23,760 COVID MAY HAVE ALSO PLAYED, YOU 5922 04:19:23,760 --> 04:19:26,800 KNOW, A ROLE AS WELL, AS FAR AS 5923 04:19:26,800 --> 04:19:32,520 HAVING SOMEWHAT OF A CHILLING 5924 04:19:32,520 --> 04:19:35,520 EFFECT INITIALLY OF IN-PERSON 5925 04:19:35,520 --> 04:19:39,200 ENROLLMENT THAT WAS OCCURRING IN 5926 04:19:39,200 --> 04:19:40,400 2020. 5927 04:19:40,400 --> 04:19:44,000 AND ALSO THERE WERE MANY 5928 04:19:44,000 --> 04:19:45,760 PROJECTS WHICH, YOU KNOW, WERE 5929 04:19:45,760 --> 04:19:48,720 REQUIRED TO REALLY, YOU KNOW, 5930 04:19:48,720 --> 04:19:52,680 SHIFT OR RESIGN OR MODIFY, YOU 5931 04:19:52,680 --> 04:19:56,440 KNOW, THEIR RECRUITMENT 5932 04:19:56,440 --> 04:20:00,960 ACTIVITIES IN A WAY OF 5933 04:20:00,960 --> 04:20:01,720 IMPLEMENTING THE DIFFERENT 5934 04:20:01,720 --> 04:20:03,680 METHODOLOGIES BASICALLY, YOU 5935 04:20:03,680 --> 04:20:08,120 KNOW, PROPOSED INITIALLY IN 5936 04:20:08,120 --> 04:20:08,920 THEIR APPLICATION. 5937 04:20:08,920 --> 04:20:12,120 SO THIS NEXT FEW YEARS IF WE 5938 04:20:12,120 --> 04:20:16,920 EVER GET THROUGH COVID-19 AND, 5939 04:20:16,920 --> 04:20:20,320 YOU KNOW, CONCERNS ABOUT, YOU 5940 04:20:20,320 --> 04:20:21,520 KNOW, INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP 5941 04:20:21,520 --> 04:20:28,320 GATHERINGS WE'LL SEE HOW THE 5942 04:20:28,320 --> 04:20:29,880 ENROLLMENT LOOKS. 5943 04:20:29,880 --> 04:20:31,360 NEXT SLIDE IS PERCENTAGES. 5944 04:20:31,360 --> 04:20:37,360 HERE IS NIH AS A WHOLE IN THE 5945 04:20:37,360 --> 04:20:40,240 PERCENTAGES BY RACE. 5946 04:20:40,240 --> 04:20:45,880 YOU CAN SEE OVER, YOU KNOW, THE 5947 04:20:45,880 --> 04:20:47,840 THREE YEARS THE PERCENTAGES ARE, 5948 04:20:47,840 --> 04:20:49,320 YOU KNOW, LOOK FAIRLY STABLE 5949 04:20:49,320 --> 04:20:50,800 FROM YEAR TO YEAR. 5950 04:20:50,800 --> 04:20:52,960 AND SOME OF THAT JUST MAY BE 5951 04:20:52,960 --> 04:20:56,720 RELATED TO, YOU KNOW, THE LAW 5952 04:20:56,720 --> 04:20:58,440 OF, YOU KNOW, LARGE NUMBERS, YOU 5953 04:20:58,440 --> 04:21:02,920 KNOW, BASED ON, YOU KNOW, THE 5954 04:21:02,920 --> 04:21:07,680 TOTAL NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS THAT 5955 04:21:07,680 --> 04:21:14,320 ARE RECRUITED AND PARTICIPATE IN 5956 04:21:14,320 --> 04:21:15,280 NIH CLINICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS. 5957 04:21:15,280 --> 04:21:20,680 LET'S GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, 5958 04:21:20,680 --> 04:21:22,040 WHICH SHOULD BE NIMHD -- I HAVE 5959 04:21:22,040 --> 04:21:27,800 A GRAPH HERE BEFORE WE LOOK AT 5960 04:21:27,800 --> 04:21:30,240 THE BAR CHART OF PERCENTAGES. 5961 04:21:30,240 --> 04:21:33,680 JUST A GRAPH LOOKING AT THE 5962 04:21:33,680 --> 04:21:38,200 OVERALL MAKEUP OF RACIAL AND 5963 04:21:38,200 --> 04:21:40,920 ETHNIC MINORITY ENROLLEES IN, 5964 04:21:40,920 --> 04:21:42,240 YOU KNOW, IN CLINICAL RESEARCH 5965 04:21:42,240 --> 04:21:46,160 OVER THE, YOU KNOW, OVER THE 5966 04:21:46,160 --> 04:21:55,160 PAST THREE YEARS FROM 64.8 TO 5967 04:21:55,160 --> 04:21:56,520 RECENTLY IN 2021, 70.6. 5968 04:21:56,520 --> 04:21:57,840 IF YOU LOOK AT THE CHARGE YOU 5969 04:21:57,840 --> 04:22:01,040 CAN SEE HOW, YOU KNOW, THE TOTAL 5970 04:22:01,040 --> 04:22:01,720 ENROLLEES, YOU KNOW, 5971 04:22:01,720 --> 04:22:03,720 SIGNIFICANTLY, YOU KNOW, DROPPED 5972 04:22:03,720 --> 04:22:05,600 OFF, YOU KNOW, OVER THAT 5973 04:22:05,600 --> 04:22:06,600 THREE-YEAR PERIOD. 5974 04:22:06,600 --> 04:22:08,320 I THINK THE NEXT CHART SHOULD BE 5975 04:22:08,320 --> 04:22:13,920 A PERCENTAGE CHART FOR OUR 5976 04:22:13,920 --> 04:22:14,360 INSTITUTE. 5977 04:22:14,360 --> 04:22:18,400 SO HERE'S THE CLINICAL RESEARCH 5978 04:22:18,400 --> 04:22:22,320 ENROLLED BY RACE FOR NIMHD. 5979 04:22:22,320 --> 04:22:25,320 YOU KNOW, AND IT DOES VARY 5980 04:22:25,320 --> 04:22:28,040 SOMEWHAT FROM, YOU KNOW, OVER 5981 04:22:28,040 --> 04:22:32,160 THE THREE YEARS. 5982 04:22:32,160 --> 04:22:39,520 BUT WE JUST LOOK AT 2021, AND IT 5983 04:22:39,520 --> 04:22:42,480 REALLY GOES FROM, YOU KNOW, THE 5984 04:22:42,480 --> 04:22:45,200 LEGEND ON THE RIGHT CORRESPONDS 5985 04:22:45,200 --> 04:22:47,120 TO THE COLORS FROM, YOU KNOW, 5986 04:22:47,120 --> 04:22:49,080 TOP, YOU KNOW, TOP TO BOTTOM. 5987 04:22:49,080 --> 04:22:50,880 AND YOU CAN, YOU KNOW, SEE THE 5988 04:22:50,880 --> 04:22:52,520 DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES FOR EACH 5989 04:22:52,520 --> 04:22:55,320 OF THE CATEGORIES THERE FOR 5990 04:22:55,320 --> 04:23:03,240 NIMHD, AND I JUST WANTED TO 5991 04:23:03,240 --> 04:23:04,520 MENTION THE CORRESPONDENTING 5992 04:23:04,520 --> 04:23:06,800 CATEGORIES FOR NIH AS A WHOLE, 5993 04:23:06,800 --> 04:23:12,400 THAT WAS ON THE PREVIOUS BAR 5994 04:23:12,400 --> 04:23:12,920 CHART. 5995 04:23:12,920 --> 04:23:17,360 THEY HAD AS UNKNOWN OR 5996 04:23:17,360 --> 04:23:22,920 UNREPORTED 13.6 SO NIH-WIDE AND 5997 04:23:22,920 --> 04:23:25,240 ALSO IN OUR INSTITUTE RELATIVELY 5998 04:23:25,240 --> 04:23:27,520 LARGE NUMBER WITHIN THAT 5999 04:23:27,520 --> 04:23:31,560 PARTICULAR CATEGORY, ALTHOUGH IT 6000 04:23:31,560 --> 04:23:32,680 HAS REALLY VARIED WIDELY ACROSS 6001 04:23:32,680 --> 04:23:44,680 THE THREE YEARS FOR US. 6002 04:23:44,680 --> 04:23:47,240 THE WHITE CATEGORIZATION FOR NIH 6003 04:23:47,240 --> 04:23:54,960 AS A WHOLE WAS 53.4. 6004 04:23:54,960 --> 04:23:59,760 THE NATIVE HAWAIIAN WAS NOT 6005 04:23:59,760 --> 04:24:01,120 DETECTABLE. 6006 04:24:01,120 --> 04:24:06,120 AND WHILE WE HAD 1.6, THE 6007 04:24:06,120 --> 04:24:07,160 AFRICAN AMERICAN WAS 17.7 FOR 6008 04:24:07,160 --> 04:24:16,560 NIH AS A WHOLE VERSUS OURS, 6009 04:24:16,560 --> 04:24:16,880 29.6. 6010 04:24:16,880 --> 04:24:24,440 ASIAN FOR NIH AS A WHOLE WAS 6011 04:24:24,440 --> 04:24:24,640 12%. 6012 04:24:24,640 --> 04:24:31,520 AND AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA 6013 04:24:31,520 --> 04:24:34,320 NATIVE WAS 0.7 OVERALL FOR NIH 6014 04:24:34,320 --> 04:24:40,840 AND WE HAD THREE. 6015 04:24:40,840 --> 04:24:46,080 NEXT SLIDE. 6016 04:24:46,080 --> 04:24:48,560 THIS IS JUST A PIE GRAPH OF THE 6017 04:24:48,560 --> 04:24:52,960 INFORMATION THAT I JUST 6018 04:24:52,960 --> 04:24:55,160 MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE. 6019 04:24:55,160 --> 04:24:58,760 AND, YOU KNOW, NOT TO ANYONE'S 6020 04:24:58,760 --> 04:25:02,320 SURPRISE, YOU KNOW, IN THESE 6021 04:25:02,320 --> 04:25:03,840 RACIAL CATEGORIES, OUR INSTITUTE 6022 04:25:03,840 --> 04:25:06,560 HAS A HIGHER ENROLLMENT OF THESE 6023 04:25:06,560 --> 04:25:07,720 CATEGORIES IN OUR CLINICAL 6024 04:25:07,720 --> 04:25:13,560 RESEARCH THAN NIH AS A WHOLE. 6025 04:25:13,560 --> 04:25:15,120 NEXT SLIDE. 6026 04:25:15,120 --> 04:25:20,800 SO THIS IS NIH CLINICAL RESEARCH 6027 04:25:20,800 --> 04:25:21,640 ENROLLMENT BY ETHNICITY. 6028 04:25:21,640 --> 04:25:22,520 NEXT SLIDE. 6029 04:25:22,520 --> 04:25:26,640 THIS IS JUST TOTAL NUMBERS. 6030 04:25:26,640 --> 04:25:30,520 THAT WAS NIH AS A WHOLE. 6031 04:25:30,520 --> 04:25:33,280 THIS IS NIMHD, JUST TOTAL 6032 04:25:33,280 --> 04:25:33,520 NUMBERS. 6033 04:25:33,520 --> 04:25:34,560 NEXT SLIDE. 6034 04:25:34,560 --> 04:25:40,040 SO HERE'S A PIE GRAPH OF THE, 6035 04:25:40,040 --> 04:25:41,240 YOU KNOW, PERCENTAGES OF NIH, 6036 04:25:41,240 --> 04:25:44,640 YOU KNOW, AS A WHOLE OVER THE 6037 04:25:44,640 --> 04:25:45,520 THREE YEARS. 6038 04:25:45,520 --> 04:25:54,120 AND YOU CAN SEE LARGEST GROUP IS 6039 04:25:54,120 --> 04:25:56,840 NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO. 6040 04:25:56,840 --> 04:26:01,240 YOU CAN SEE THE HISPANIC OR 6041 04:26:01,240 --> 04:26:03,040 LATINO PERCENTAGES IS PRETTY 6042 04:26:03,040 --> 04:26:05,760 STABLE AROUND, YOU KNOW, 10 TO 6043 04:26:05,760 --> 04:26:06,000 11%. 6044 04:26:06,000 --> 04:26:08,640 ALSO THE UNKNOWN AND NOT 6045 04:26:08,640 --> 04:26:10,440 REPORTED IS RELATIVELY LARGE AND 6046 04:26:10,440 --> 04:26:16,320 IS, YOU KNOW, ESSENTIALLY EQUAL 6047 04:26:16,320 --> 04:26:18,120 TO THE HISPANIC/LATINO 6048 04:26:18,120 --> 04:26:28,400 ENROLLMENT IN THE CLINICAL RESEARCH. 6049 04:26:28,400 --> 04:26:32,560 NEXT SLIDE. 6050 04:26:32,560 --> 04:26:33,320 OKAY. 6051 04:26:33,320 --> 04:26:37,160 THIS IS NIMHD'S ENROLLMENT BY 6052 04:26:37,160 --> 04:26:39,480 ETHNICITY OVER THOSE THREE 6053 04:26:39,480 --> 04:26:40,520 YEARS. 6054 04:26:40,520 --> 04:26:44,080 I WANT TO REALLY FOCUS THE 6055 04:26:44,080 --> 04:26:49,000 ATTENTION ON 2020 AND 2021, 6056 04:26:49,000 --> 04:26:54,320 WHERE THE ENROLLMENT OF 6057 04:26:54,320 --> 04:26:57,720 HISPANIC/LATINO WAS 18%, AND 6058 04:26:57,720 --> 04:26:59,280 27.6% RESPECTIVELY. 6059 04:26:59,280 --> 04:27:04,480 AND IN COMPARISON TO NIH AS A 6060 04:27:04,480 --> 04:27:06,720 WHOLE, THAT REPRESENTS SOMEWHERE 6061 04:27:06,720 --> 04:27:09,920 CLOSE TO TWO TO THREE TIMES, YOU 6062 04:27:09,920 --> 04:27:11,920 KNOW, WHAT NIH AS A WHOLE 6063 04:27:11,920 --> 04:27:17,640 ENROLLED OVER THOSE YEARS. 6064 04:27:17,640 --> 04:27:19,640 NEXT SLIDE. 6065 04:27:19,640 --> 04:27:20,560 JUST A COUPLE SLIDES THAT, YOU 6066 04:27:20,560 --> 04:27:23,160 KNOW, ARE REQUIRED TO BE PART OF 6067 04:27:23,160 --> 04:27:26,240 THE PRESENTATION THAT REALLY 6068 04:27:26,240 --> 04:27:29,960 TALK ABOUT, YOU KNOW, ENROLLMENT 6069 04:27:29,960 --> 04:27:34,360 IN U.S. ONLY, YOU KNOW, PROJECT. 6070 04:27:34,360 --> 04:27:40,920 YOU CAN SEE HERE THIS IS NIH 6071 04:27:40,920 --> 04:27:44,880 U.S. ONLY CLINICAL RESEARCH 6072 04:27:44,880 --> 04:27:47,920 ENROLLMENT BY ETHNICITY, VERY 6073 04:27:47,920 --> 04:27:54,560 SIMILAR TO THE OVERALL NIH. 6074 04:27:54,560 --> 04:27:54,880 NEXT SLIDE. 6075 04:27:54,880 --> 04:27:58,520 AND THIS IS, YOU KNOW, NIMHD 6076 04:27:58,520 --> 04:28:00,840 U.S. ONLY. 6077 04:28:00,840 --> 04:28:02,680 AND IT LOOKS ESSENTIALLY EXACTLY 6078 04:28:02,680 --> 04:28:07,440 LIKE THE OTHER ONE, ESPECIALLY, 6079 04:28:07,440 --> 04:28:09,120 YOU KNOW, SINCE, YOU KNOW, 6080 04:28:09,120 --> 04:28:16,480 ALMOST ALL OF OUR ENROLLMENT 6081 04:28:16,480 --> 04:28:26,160 IS -- ARE REALLY BASED ON 6082 04:28:26,160 --> 04:28:27,200 DOMESTIC PROJECTS. 6083 04:28:27,200 --> 04:28:27,600 NEXT SLIDE. 6084 04:28:27,600 --> 04:28:30,760 I WANT TO SLOW UP A COUPLE 6085 04:28:30,760 --> 04:28:32,680 CHARTS EVEN THOUGH I'VE 6086 04:28:32,680 --> 04:28:35,360 MENTIONED THAT NIMHD REALLY DOES 6087 04:28:35,360 --> 04:28:37,760 NOT DO MUCH IN PHASE 3 CLINICAL 6088 04:28:37,760 --> 04:28:40,280 TRIAL, JUST TO HAVE AN 6089 04:28:40,280 --> 04:28:43,120 OPPORTUNITY TO GIVE THE COUNCIL 6090 04:28:43,120 --> 04:28:45,880 A LITTLE FLAVOR OF, YOU KNOW, 6091 04:28:45,880 --> 04:28:49,440 NIH AS A WHOLE, YOU KNOW, 6092 04:28:49,440 --> 04:28:51,320 ENROLLMENT WITH PHASE 3 CLINICAL 6093 04:28:51,320 --> 04:28:51,640 TRIAL. 6094 04:28:51,640 --> 04:28:57,120 AND HERE AGAIN THE LEGEND, YOU 6095 04:28:57,120 --> 04:28:59,160 KNOW, MATCHES WITH THE COLOR 6096 04:28:59,160 --> 04:29:00,840 CODING, YOU KNOW, TO ITS LEFT. 6097 04:29:00,840 --> 04:29:04,080 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT A LITTLE 6098 04:29:04,080 --> 04:29:06,320 MORE THAN HALF OF THE 6099 04:29:06,320 --> 04:29:08,360 PARTICIPANTS IN PHASE 3 CLINICAL 6100 04:29:08,360 --> 04:29:10,200 TRIALS ARE WHITE. 6101 04:29:10,200 --> 04:29:15,520 I'M JUST LOOKING AT 2021 RIGHT 6102 04:29:15,520 --> 04:29:15,920 NOW. 6103 04:29:15,920 --> 04:29:18,120 SIMILAR TYPE OF, YOU KNOW, 6104 04:29:18,120 --> 04:29:19,680 PATTERN ACROSS WITH SOME 6105 04:29:19,680 --> 04:29:31,080 VARIATION AS YOU CAN SEE FOR 6106 04:29:31,080 --> 04:29:31,600 2020. 6107 04:29:31,600 --> 04:29:35,440 AND 20 TO 21% FOR AFRICAN 6108 04:29:35,440 --> 04:29:38,520 AMERICANS AND ABOUT 18% FOR 6109 04:29:38,520 --> 04:29:41,000 ASIANS, AND MUCH LOWER FOR 6110 04:29:41,000 --> 04:29:43,200 OBVIOUSLY THE NATIVE HAWAIIAN 6111 04:29:43,200 --> 04:29:45,600 AND PACIFIC ISLANDER AND 6112 04:29:45,600 --> 04:29:53,160 AMERICAN INDIAN POPULATIONS. 6113 04:29:53,160 --> 04:29:54,600 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 6114 04:29:54,600 --> 04:30:00,280 AND LET'S GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE 6115 04:30:00,280 --> 04:30:00,520 PLEASE. 6116 04:30:00,520 --> 04:30:02,920 AGAIN, THIS IS -- THIS GOES BACK 6117 04:30:02,920 --> 04:30:06,480 AGAIN TO WHAT I MENTIONED 6118 04:30:06,480 --> 04:30:09,960 EARLIER ABOUT NIMHD AND PHASE 3 6119 04:30:09,960 --> 04:30:15,160 CLINICAL TRIALS ENROLLMENT OVER 6120 04:30:15,160 --> 04:30:16,360 THESE PARTICULAR YEAR, VERY 6121 04:30:16,360 --> 04:30:18,520 LITTLE, YOU KNOW, ACTIVITY. 6122 04:30:18,520 --> 04:30:21,160 IT'S NOT A SIGNIFICANT PART AT 6123 04:30:21,160 --> 04:30:25,520 ALL OF OUR PORTFOLIO. 6124 04:30:25,520 --> 04:30:26,520 NEXT SLIDE. 6125 04:30:26,520 --> 04:30:29,720 BUT BEFORE I TALK ABOUT 6126 04:30:29,720 --> 04:30:31,440 INCLUSION, I WANT TO AT LEAST 6127 04:30:31,440 --> 04:30:34,440 MENTION A COUPLE OF LIMITATIONS 6128 04:30:34,440 --> 04:30:38,120 IN INTERPRETATION, YOU KNOW, OF 6129 04:30:38,120 --> 04:30:43,720 THIS INCLUSION DATA BY RACE AND 6130 04:30:43,720 --> 04:30:44,120 HIT. 6131 04:30:44,120 --> 04:30:47,320 THEY ARE AGGREGATE BUT THE 6132 04:30:47,320 --> 04:30:49,720 APPROPRIATE DESIGN AND WHAT THAT 6133 04:30:49,720 --> 04:30:55,760 ENROLLMENT SHOULD BE IS REALLY 6134 04:30:55,760 --> 04:30:56,120 STUDY SPECIFIC. 6135 04:30:56,120 --> 04:30:59,920 YOU KNOW, THE -- ALSO THE RACIAL 6136 04:30:59,920 --> 04:31:01,920 AND ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION OF 6137 04:31:01,920 --> 04:31:04,120 ENROLLMENT IS REALLY NOT -- HAS 6138 04:31:04,120 --> 04:31:07,400 NOT REALLY BEEN COMPARED TO WHAT 6139 04:31:07,400 --> 04:31:12,240 HAS BEEN DEEMED AS 6140 04:31:12,240 --> 04:31:13,120 SCIENTIFICALLY APPROPRIATE, YOU 6141 04:31:13,120 --> 04:31:18,160 KNOW, BY, YOU KNOW, BY THE 6142 04:31:18,160 --> 04:31:21,440 REVIEW PANEL, WHEN THEY, YOU 6143 04:31:21,440 --> 04:31:26,600 KNOW, HAVE THEIR DISCUSSION AND 6144 04:31:26,600 --> 04:31:29,080 MAKE AN ASSESSMENT OF THE 6145 04:31:29,080 --> 04:31:31,160 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL MERITS 6146 04:31:31,160 --> 04:31:36,920 OF THAT APPLICATION. 6147 04:31:36,920 --> 04:31:39,120 ALSO, THE INCLUSION ENROLLMENT 6148 04:31:39,120 --> 04:31:42,360 REPORTS ARE NOT DISAGGREGATED BY 6149 04:31:42,360 --> 04:31:44,720 RACE OR ETHNICITY SO IT'S 6150 04:31:44,720 --> 04:31:47,120 UNCLEAR WHETHER OR NOT RACIAL 6151 04:31:47,120 --> 04:31:50,160 AND ETHNIC MINORITY ENROLLMENT 6152 04:31:50,160 --> 04:31:51,520 IS CONCENTRATED, YOU KNOW, IN, 6153 04:31:51,520 --> 04:31:55,880 YOU KNOW, A FEW VERY SPECIFIC 6154 04:31:55,880 --> 04:31:57,320 PROJECTS OR BROADLY DISTRIBUTED 6155 04:31:57,320 --> 04:31:59,720 ACROSS, YOU KNOW, THE PORTFOLIO 6156 04:31:59,720 --> 04:32:01,000 AS A WHOLE. 6157 04:32:01,000 --> 04:32:04,080 SO A COUPLE THINGS TO MENTION 6158 04:32:04,080 --> 04:32:07,560 AS, YOU KNOW, LIMITATIONS, AS WE 6159 04:32:07,560 --> 04:32:08,520 INTERPRET THE DATA, AND WHEN I 6160 04:32:08,520 --> 04:32:11,000 GET TO THE END I'LL TALK A 6161 04:32:11,000 --> 04:32:12,640 LITTLE BIT ABOUT, YOU KNOW, KIND 6162 04:32:12,640 --> 04:32:14,960 OF THE DIRECTIONS I THINK -- A 6163 04:32:14,960 --> 04:32:15,960 COUPLE DIRECTIONS WE SHOULD GO 6164 04:32:15,960 --> 04:32:19,720 AS WE TRY TO FIND BETTER WAYS TO 6165 04:32:19,720 --> 04:32:20,760 UNDERSTAND THE MEANING, YOU 6166 04:32:20,760 --> 04:32:23,840 KNOW, OF THIS DATA THAT WE 6167 04:32:23,840 --> 04:32:30,520 GATHER AROUND INCLUSION. 6168 04:32:30,520 --> 04:32:31,520 NEXT SLIDE. 6169 04:32:31,520 --> 04:32:34,760 AS MENTIONED ONE OF THE THINGS 6170 04:32:34,760 --> 04:32:37,320 THAT THE CURES ACT DID IS 6171 04:32:37,320 --> 04:32:41,000 REALLY, YOU KNOW, REQUIRED NIH 6172 04:32:41,000 --> 04:32:45,360 TO REALLY THINK ABOUT THEIR 6173 04:32:45,360 --> 04:32:45,920 RESEARCH PROJECTS AND 6174 04:32:45,920 --> 04:32:47,320 PARTICIPANTS ACROSS THE, YOU 6175 04:32:47,320 --> 04:32:52,520 KNOW, ACROSS THE FULL LIFESPAN. 6176 04:32:52,520 --> 04:32:56,640 AND FY 21 IS THE FIRST YEAR THAT 6177 04:32:56,640 --> 04:33:00,880 THIS INFORMATION IS REALLY 6178 04:33:00,880 --> 04:33:06,720 BEING, YOU KNOW, INCLUDED IN THE 6179 04:33:06,720 --> 04:33:08,920 REPORTING, AND THE DATA THAT'S 6180 04:33:08,920 --> 04:33:11,520 AVAILABLE, YOU KNOW, FOR THIS 6181 04:33:11,520 --> 04:33:14,520 FIRST REPORT IS NOT TOTALLY 6182 04:33:14,520 --> 04:33:18,200 COMPLETE, I'LL SAY IT THAT WAY. 6183 04:33:18,200 --> 04:33:23,240 BUT IT DOES PROVIDE AT LEAST A 6184 04:33:23,240 --> 04:33:27,520 SMALL SNAPSHOT, YOU KNOW, IN THE 6185 04:33:27,520 --> 04:33:29,040 ENROLLMENT BY AGE. 6186 04:33:29,040 --> 04:33:33,520 THIS ONE IS FOR -- THIS CHART IS 6187 04:33:33,520 --> 04:33:36,200 NIH AS A WHOLE WITHIN WHAT IS 6188 04:33:36,200 --> 04:33:41,040 TERMED BROAD AGE GROUPS WHICH 6189 04:33:41,040 --> 04:33:44,040 ARE THE RANGES THAT ARE ON THE 6190 04:33:44,040 --> 04:33:45,520 RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THIS. 6191 04:33:45,520 --> 04:33:50,120 AND YOU CAN SEE BASED ON NIH AS 6192 04:33:50,120 --> 04:33:55,480 A WHOLE, YOU KNOW, CLOSE TO, YOU 6193 04:33:55,480 --> 04:34:02,120 KNOW, 60%, YOU KNOW, 58% ARE IN 6194 04:34:02,120 --> 04:34:04,520 ADULTS IN THAT 18-64 AGE RANGE, 6195 04:34:04,520 --> 04:34:11,120 AND THEN IT'S REALLY KIND OF, 6196 04:34:11,120 --> 04:34:13,480 YOU KNOW, SPLIT FAIRLY EVENLY, 6197 04:34:13,480 --> 04:34:16,960 YOU KNOW, BETWEEN CHILDREN AND 6198 04:34:16,960 --> 04:34:18,360 OLDER ADULTS WHICH ARE 65 YEARS 6199 04:34:18,360 --> 04:34:23,840 AND OLDER. 6200 04:34:23,840 --> 04:34:25,920 NEXT SLIDE. 6201 04:34:25,920 --> 04:34:28,040 HERE'S A PIECHART OF NIMHD IN 6202 04:34:28,040 --> 04:34:30,360 THE BROAD CATEGORIES, AND YOU 6203 04:34:30,360 --> 04:34:35,000 CAN SEE THAT IT IS 6204 04:34:35,000 --> 04:34:36,960 OVERWHELMINGLY, YOU KNOW, 6205 04:34:36,960 --> 04:34:40,760 ADULTS, IN THAT 18-64 AGE RANGE. 6206 04:34:40,760 --> 04:34:44,560 ABOUT 10%, YOU KNOW, OF CHILDREN 6207 04:34:44,560 --> 04:34:51,680 AND MUCH LOWER, YOU KNOW, IN THE 6208 04:34:51,680 --> 04:34:54,840 OLDER ADULTS AGE 65 AND OLDER. 6209 04:34:54,840 --> 04:34:56,920 AND WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT NIH AS 6210 04:34:56,920 --> 04:34:58,480 A WHOLE WHERE YOU HAVE CERTAIN, 6211 04:34:58,480 --> 04:35:05,600 YOU KNOW, I.C.s THAT ARE 6212 04:35:05,600 --> 04:35:08,280 FAIRLY DEDICATED TO CERTAIN, YOU 6213 04:35:08,280 --> 04:35:11,320 KNOW, AGE RANGES ON THAT 6214 04:35:11,320 --> 04:35:13,840 CONTINUUM LIKE, YOU KNOW, THE 6215 04:35:13,840 --> 04:35:15,080 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON CHILD 6216 04:35:15,080 --> 04:35:17,120 HEALTH AND NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON 6217 04:35:17,120 --> 04:35:19,080 AGING, IT'S NOT SURPRISING THAT 6218 04:35:19,080 --> 04:35:25,320 WE, YOU KNOW, WOULD -- MIGHT SEE 6219 04:35:25,320 --> 04:35:28,880 SOME, YOU KNOW, DIFFERENCES 6220 04:35:28,880 --> 04:35:31,200 BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL, YOU 6221 04:35:31,200 --> 04:35:34,920 KNOW, I.C.s AND WHAT'S REALLY 6222 04:35:34,920 --> 04:35:41,840 INCLUDED IN NIH AS A WHOLE. 6223 04:35:41,840 --> 04:35:43,320 NEXT SLIDE. 6224 04:35:43,320 --> 04:35:48,160 THIS IS JUST A DIFFERENT, YOU 6225 04:35:48,160 --> 04:35:50,800 KNOW, REPRESENTATION OF WHAT THE 6226 04:35:50,800 --> 04:35:57,960 DISTRIBUTION LOOKS LIKE WITH 6227 04:35:57,960 --> 04:36:00,520 NARROW RANGES WITHIN THE, YOU 6228 04:36:00,520 --> 04:36:05,720 KNOW, WITHIN THE PARTICULAR AGE 6229 04:36:05,720 --> 04:36:06,480 GROUPINGS. 6230 04:36:06,480 --> 04:36:09,800 AND YOU CAN SEE, YOU KNOW, NIH 6231 04:36:09,800 --> 04:36:13,520 AS A WHOLE A REAL CONCENTRATION, 6232 04:36:13,520 --> 04:36:15,440 YOU KNOW, AROUND THAT, YOU KNOW, 6233 04:36:15,440 --> 04:36:18,320 26 TO 64, YOU KNOW, AGE RANGE, 6234 04:36:18,320 --> 04:36:21,120 OR AGE GROUP, OR INDIVIDUALS 6235 04:36:21,120 --> 04:36:26,040 WITHIN THOSE AGE RANGES. 6236 04:36:26,040 --> 04:36:30,280 NEXT SLIDE. 6237 04:36:30,280 --> 04:36:31,880 AND HERE'S NIMHD. 6238 04:36:31,880 --> 04:36:34,200 IT'S A LITTLE DIFFERENT. 6239 04:36:34,200 --> 04:36:36,560 THESE ARE ACTUAL NUMBERS, 6240 04:36:36,560 --> 04:36:38,480 PREVIOUS ONE WAS PERCENTAGES, 6241 04:36:38,480 --> 04:36:40,120 BUT THIS, AGAIN, SHOWS A PATTERN 6242 04:36:40,120 --> 04:36:44,400 THAT WAS ON THE PIECHART THAT WE 6243 04:36:44,400 --> 04:36:47,200 HAD WHERE ESSENTIALLY THE VAST 6244 04:36:47,200 --> 04:36:52,000 MAJORITY OF OUR PROJECTS ARE 6245 04:36:52,000 --> 04:37:00,120 REALLY WITHIN, YOU KNOW, THAT 6246 04:37:00,120 --> 04:37:03,440 ADULT AGE RANGE, 26- 64. 6247 04:37:03,440 --> 04:37:04,440 NEXT SLIDE. 6248 04:37:04,440 --> 04:37:09,120 BEFORE I BASICALLY END I JUST 6249 04:37:09,120 --> 04:37:11,440 WANT TO, YOU KNOW, MENTION A 6250 04:37:11,440 --> 04:37:13,160 COUPLE THINGS THAT I THINK MAY 6251 04:37:13,160 --> 04:37:15,920 BE IMPORTANT FOR US TO THINK 6252 04:37:15,920 --> 04:37:16,960 ABOUT. 6253 04:37:16,960 --> 04:37:19,680 YOU KNOW, GOING FORWARD, BASED 6254 04:37:19,680 --> 04:37:23,320 ON THE INFORMATION THAT WAS 6255 04:37:23,320 --> 04:37:27,560 PROVIDED, YOU KNOW, THROUGH THE 6256 04:37:27,560 --> 04:37:28,720 INCLUSION SYSTEM. 6257 04:37:28,720 --> 04:37:30,480 I THINK THAT IT WOULD BE NICE TO 6258 04:37:30,480 --> 04:37:34,320 KNOW A LITTLE MORE ABOUT THAT 6259 04:37:34,320 --> 04:37:39,240 GROUPING THAT IS UNKNOWN RACE OR 6260 04:37:39,240 --> 04:37:40,320 ETHNICITY OR NOT REPORTED. 6261 04:37:40,320 --> 04:37:47,880 IT, YOU KNOW, SEEMS TO BE A 6262 04:37:47,880 --> 04:37:48,720 SUBSTANTIAL GROUP OF 6263 04:37:48,720 --> 04:37:49,240 INDIVIDUALS. 6264 04:37:49,240 --> 04:37:51,680 IT WOULD BE NICE TO KNOW A 6265 04:37:51,680 --> 04:37:53,840 LITTLE MORE ABOUT THAT GROUP AND 6266 04:37:53,840 --> 04:38:01,600 WAYS TO -- OR IF THERE ARE WAYS 6267 04:38:01,600 --> 04:38:03,520 TO ACTUALLY BE ABLE TO REDUCE 6268 04:38:03,520 --> 04:38:05,160 THAT, YOU KNOW, SO THE STUDIES, 6269 04:38:05,160 --> 04:38:08,560 YOU KNOW, HAVE MORE COMPLETE 6270 04:38:08,560 --> 04:38:13,800 DATA ON RACE AND ETHNICITY. 6271 04:38:13,800 --> 04:38:19,120 INCLUSION IS ALSO BEING 6272 04:38:19,120 --> 04:38:25,280 CONNECTED TO THE RCDC, YOU KNOW, 6273 04:38:25,280 --> 04:38:26,360 CATEGORIES AT NIH. 6274 04:38:26,360 --> 04:38:29,280 I THINK IT WOULD BE IMPORTANT TO 6275 04:38:29,280 --> 04:38:32,280 KIND OF ANALYZE THAT, KNOWING 6276 04:38:32,280 --> 04:38:36,000 THAT, YOU KNOW, RCDC, YOU KNOW, 6277 04:38:36,000 --> 04:38:43,320 HAS ITS BENEFITS BUT ALSO HAS 6278 04:38:43,320 --> 04:38:44,760 ITS LIMITATIONS BECAUSE THE 6279 04:38:44,760 --> 04:38:47,040 DISEASE CATEGORIES, YOU KNOW, 6280 04:38:47,040 --> 04:38:49,720 FROM OUR -- ARE OVERLAPPING FOR 6281 04:38:49,720 --> 04:38:51,240 ANY PARTICULAR, YOU KNOW, 6282 04:38:51,240 --> 04:38:56,360 PROJECT SO YOU DON'T ALWAYS HAVE 6283 04:38:56,360 --> 04:38:57,760 A -- NECESSARILY HAVE A CLEAR 6284 04:38:57,760 --> 04:39:02,480 MATCH WITH WHAT THE PROJECT IS 6285 04:39:02,480 --> 04:39:05,120 REALLY DOING VERSUS, YOU KNOW, 6286 04:39:05,120 --> 04:39:12,160 WHAT IT MAY BE CATEGORIZED BY 6287 04:39:12,160 --> 04:39:14,680 THE DIFFERENT, YOU KNOW, 6288 04:39:14,680 --> 04:39:17,800 INDIVIDUAL VARIABLES UNDER, YOU 6289 04:39:17,800 --> 04:39:21,560 KNOW, RCDC. 6290 04:39:21,560 --> 04:39:23,520 YOU CAN PROBABLY, YOU KNOW, 6291 04:39:23,520 --> 04:39:27,560 IMAGINE THAT A FAIR, YOU KNOW, 6292 04:39:27,560 --> 04:39:32,080 NUMBER OF THESE -- THE 6293 04:39:32,080 --> 04:39:35,360 ENROLLMENT NUMBERS WILL END UP 6294 04:39:35,360 --> 04:39:37,720 IN RCDC FOR OUR INSTITUTE BEING, 6295 04:39:37,720 --> 04:39:41,640 YOU KNOW, TAGGED WITH SOME OF 6296 04:39:41,640 --> 04:39:43,760 THE CATEGORIES OF THE TYPE OF 6297 04:39:43,760 --> 04:39:46,320 RESEARCH THAT WE DO LIKE SOCIAL 6298 04:39:46,320 --> 04:39:48,840 AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES OR 6299 04:39:48,840 --> 04:39:52,320 PREVENTION OR SOCIAL 6300 04:39:52,320 --> 04:40:01,080 DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE, HEALTH 6301 04:40:01,080 --> 04:40:02,480 SERVICES, BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH SO 6302 04:40:02,480 --> 04:40:06,400 IT MIGHT BE SOME INTEREST, IS 6303 04:40:06,400 --> 04:40:07,320 THERE ADDITIONAL GRANULARITY WE 6304 04:40:07,320 --> 04:40:08,560 CAN DERIVE FROM, YOU KNOW, 6305 04:40:08,560 --> 04:40:10,200 LOOKING AT HOW THE ENROLLMENT 6306 04:40:10,200 --> 04:40:13,160 NUMBERS DO MATCH WITH THE 6307 04:40:13,160 --> 04:40:16,480 DIFFERENT RCDC, YOU KNOW, TERMS. 6308 04:40:16,480 --> 04:40:20,080 I THINK ONE OF THE MOST 6309 04:40:20,080 --> 04:40:21,280 SIGNIFICANT THINGS THAT WE 6310 04:40:21,280 --> 04:40:24,560 REALLY NEED TO FIND A WAY, AND I 6311 04:40:24,560 --> 04:40:31,960 SAY WE I MEAN NIH, YOU KNOW, AS 6312 04:40:31,960 --> 04:40:41,520 A WHOLE, IS TO -- HOW DO WE 6313 04:40:41,520 --> 04:40:46,720 REALLY ANALYZE THE ENROLLMENT 6314 04:40:46,720 --> 04:40:51,480 DATA WITH WHAT WAS REALLY 6315 04:40:51,480 --> 04:40:53,400 PROPOSED IN THE APPLICATION, YOU 6316 04:40:53,400 --> 04:40:55,840 KNOW, BASED ON, YOU KNOW, THE 6317 04:40:55,840 --> 04:40:58,920 SCIENTIFIC, YOU KNOW, GOALS OF 6318 04:40:58,920 --> 04:41:01,320 THAT PARTICULAR, YOU KNOW, 6319 04:41:01,320 --> 04:41:01,760 PROJECT. 6320 04:41:01,760 --> 04:41:06,520 CLEARLY THERE'S BEEN MORE 6321 04:41:06,520 --> 04:41:08,080 OVERSIGHT AND MONITORING OF 6322 04:41:08,080 --> 04:41:10,480 ENROLLMENT AND I.C.s TAKE 6323 04:41:10,480 --> 04:41:13,440 STEPS, YOU KNOW, TO CORRECT 6324 04:41:13,440 --> 04:41:17,720 PROJECTS THAT ARE LAGGING BEHIND 6325 04:41:17,720 --> 04:41:19,760 IN THEIR ENROLLMENT BUT THERE 6326 04:41:19,760 --> 04:41:25,000 NEEDS TO BE A BETTER SYSTEMATIC 6327 04:41:25,000 --> 04:41:30,840 WAY TO REALLY CONNECT AND TO 6328 04:41:30,840 --> 04:41:35,160 ENSURE THAT, YOU KNOW, THE 6329 04:41:35,160 --> 04:41:43,680 CATEGORIZATION OR CODING OF THE 6330 04:41:43,680 --> 04:41:45,160 SCIENTIFIC PARAMETERS OF 6331 04:41:45,160 --> 04:41:48,120 ENROLLMENT BY THE REVIEW GROUP 6332 04:41:48,120 --> 04:41:52,200 IS ACTUALLY WHAT WILL EVENTUALLY 6333 04:41:52,200 --> 04:41:55,680 BE ATTAINED AT THE END OF THE 6334 04:41:55,680 --> 04:41:56,120 PROJECT. 6335 04:41:56,120 --> 04:41:59,280 THE LAST THING I'LL SAY IS THAT 6336 04:41:59,280 --> 04:42:01,720 IT WILL ALSO BE VERY NICE TO 6337 04:42:01,720 --> 04:42:07,320 REALLY LOOK AT COMPLETE DATA ON 6338 04:42:07,320 --> 04:42:10,600 THE INCLUSION ACROSS THE 6339 04:42:10,600 --> 04:42:11,560 LIFESPAN. 6340 04:42:11,560 --> 04:42:13,760 AND ALSO, YOU KNOW, TO LOOK AT 6341 04:42:13,760 --> 04:42:17,960 THAT, TO GET A REAL SENSE ABOUT, 6342 04:42:17,960 --> 04:42:23,240 YOU KNOW, WHETHER OR NOT, YOU 6343 04:42:23,240 --> 04:42:26,400 KNOW, THE NATURE OF THE 6344 04:42:26,400 --> 04:42:29,400 DIFFERENT RESEARCH PROJECTS, YOU 6345 04:42:29,400 --> 04:42:32,240 KNOW, ARE MAINTAINING THAT REAL 6346 04:42:32,240 --> 04:42:38,280 FIDELITY TO THE GOAL OF ASSURING 6347 04:42:38,280 --> 04:42:40,800 THAT, YOU KNOW, INDIVIDUALS WITH 6348 04:42:40,800 --> 04:42:44,920 ALL -- WITHIN ALL THE AGE 6349 04:42:44,920 --> 04:42:45,720 GROUPINGS ALONG THE LIFESPAN, 6350 04:42:45,720 --> 04:42:49,960 YOU KNOW, HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY 6351 04:42:49,960 --> 04:42:51,600 TO PARTICIPATE IN CLINICAL 6352 04:42:51,600 --> 04:42:54,000 RESEARCH AND ACCRUE THE BENEFITS 6353 04:42:54,000 --> 04:42:55,880 OF PARTICIPATION IN CLINICAL 6354 04:42:55,880 --> 04:42:58,520 BENEFITS UNLESS THERE'S SOME 6355 04:42:58,520 --> 04:42:59,720 REAL SCIENTIFIC OR ETHICAL 6356 04:42:59,720 --> 04:43:01,120 REASON NOT TO DO THAT. 6357 04:43:01,120 --> 04:43:06,960 RIGHT NOW THE DATA WE HAVE FOR 6358 04:43:06,960 --> 04:43:07,760 2021 IS INCOMPLETE AND 6359 04:43:07,760 --> 04:43:09,600 SUBSEQUENT YEARS MAY BE VERY, 6360 04:43:09,600 --> 04:43:12,840 VERY HELPFUL, YOU KNOW, HELPING 6361 04:43:12,840 --> 04:43:14,440 US FIND WAYS TO ASSURE THAT 6362 04:43:14,440 --> 04:43:15,520 PARTICULAR GOAL IS MET. 6363 04:43:15,520 --> 04:43:21,840 SO I WANT TO THANK EVERYONE AND 6364 04:43:21,840 --> 04:43:24,840 I'LL STOP THERE. 6365 04:43:24,840 --> 04:43:27,200 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, NATHAN. 6366 04:43:27,200 --> 04:43:30,520 I HAVE TO SAY WE DIDN'T PLAN 6367 04:43:30,520 --> 04:43:32,480 ENOUGH TIME FOR THIS 6368 04:43:32,480 --> 04:43:32,800 PRESENTATION. 6369 04:43:32,800 --> 04:43:36,120 IT'S NOW EVERY THREE YEARS. 6370 04:43:36,120 --> 04:43:38,920 THERE'S ALWAYS ISSUES WITH THE 6371 04:43:38,920 --> 04:43:39,920 DATA THAT AREN'T NECESSARILY 6372 04:43:39,920 --> 04:43:42,480 EASY TO FIX. 6373 04:43:42,480 --> 04:43:44,960 IT'S NOT OUR ROLE NECESSARILY. 6374 04:43:44,960 --> 04:43:45,920 IT'S OER. 6375 04:43:45,920 --> 04:43:48,000 IT'S OFFICE OF EXTRAMURAL 6376 04:43:48,000 --> 04:43:48,960 RESEARCH. 6377 04:43:48,960 --> 04:43:50,920 BUT IT DOES HIGHLIGHT A NUMBER 6378 04:43:50,920 --> 04:43:51,800 OF IMPORTANT POINTS. 6379 04:43:51,800 --> 04:43:56,320 I THINK IF ONE LOOKS AT THE 6380 04:43:56,320 --> 04:43:58,080 NUMBER OF LATINOS THAT WERE 6381 04:43:58,080 --> 04:43:59,400 ACTUALLY ENROLLED IN NIMHD 6382 04:43:59,400 --> 04:44:01,040 STUDIES THEY WENT WAY UP. 6383 04:44:01,040 --> 04:44:03,840 IF YOU ADD THOSE TO THE OTHER 6384 04:44:03,840 --> 04:44:07,000 EVEN TAKING OFF SOME OF THE 6385 04:44:07,000 --> 04:44:11,920 PERCENT BECAUSE OF BLACK LATINOS 6386 04:44:11,920 --> 04:44:15,080 OR ASIAN LATINOS, NIMHD NUMBERS 6387 04:44:15,080 --> 04:44:18,480 ARE CLOSER TO 75% OR SO FROM ONE 6388 04:44:18,480 --> 04:44:21,320 OF THESE RACIAL AND ETHNIC 6389 04:44:21,320 --> 04:44:23,640 POPULATIONS WE'RE TARGETING. 6390 04:44:23,640 --> 04:44:25,920 ANY OTHER WHITES I'M SURE LOWER 6391 04:44:25,920 --> 04:44:27,240 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS WHICH IS 6392 04:44:27,240 --> 04:44:30,200 NOT ASKED FOR IN THESE DATA 6393 04:44:30,200 --> 04:44:33,840 ALTHOUGH AT LEAST WE HAVE 6394 04:44:33,840 --> 04:44:35,800 CONTINUED TO ASK OER TO CONSIDER 6395 04:44:35,800 --> 04:44:40,840 FIGURING OUT A WAY TO COLLECT 6396 04:44:40,840 --> 04:44:41,120 IT. 6397 04:44:41,120 --> 04:44:45,520 I FIND 15% OR WHATEVER IT WAS, 6398 04:44:45,520 --> 04:44:49,320 14, ALMOST 15% UNKNOWN ACROSS 6399 04:44:49,320 --> 04:44:52,520 NIH, 13% IS REALLY FIRST THE 6400 04:44:52,520 --> 04:44:54,040 RESPONSIBILITY OF INVESTIGATORS 6401 04:44:54,040 --> 04:44:56,360 TO ASCERTAIN THAT, WHY ISN'T IT 6402 04:44:56,360 --> 04:44:59,200 BEING REPORTED? 6403 04:44:59,200 --> 04:45:01,320 SECOND, WE AS NIH STAFF TO MAKE 6404 04:45:01,320 --> 04:45:02,760 THEM MORE ACCOUNTABLE WHEN THEY 6405 04:45:02,760 --> 04:45:06,040 ARE NOT REPORTING IT IS TO GIVE 6406 04:45:06,040 --> 04:45:08,920 US AN EXPLANATION. 6407 04:45:08,920 --> 04:45:09,760 THE ACCOUNTABILITY TO WHAT 6408 04:45:09,760 --> 04:45:13,320 PEOPLE PROPOSE AND WHAT THEY DO 6409 04:45:13,320 --> 04:45:13,920 IS ALSO WORTHWHILE REITERATING. 6410 04:45:13,920 --> 04:45:15,440 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF COMMENTS 6411 04:45:15,440 --> 04:45:18,920 IN THE CHAT. 6412 04:45:18,920 --> 04:45:21,560 I THINK WE'VE GOTTEN ABOUT 6413 04:45:21,560 --> 04:45:25,640 EASILY 40 MINUTES BEHIND 6414 04:45:25,640 --> 04:45:26,080 SCHEDULE. 6415 04:45:26,080 --> 04:45:32,320 SO I'M GOING TO ASK THAT YOU -- 6416 04:45:32,320 --> 04:45:33,800 COUNCIL MEMBERS CLARIFY THEIR 6417 04:45:33,800 --> 04:45:36,760 QUESTIONS, MAYBE BRING THEM TO 6418 04:45:36,760 --> 04:45:40,360 NATHAN AND MY ATTENTION AND 6419 04:45:40,360 --> 04:45:42,760 MONICA AND WE'LL DO OUR BEST TO 6420 04:45:42,760 --> 04:45:43,000 RESPOND. 6421 04:45:43,000 --> 04:45:48,240 SO WE CAN GO AHEAD AND DO OUR 6422 04:45:48,240 --> 04:45:49,000 CONCEPT CLEARANCE. 6423 04:45:49,000 --> 04:45:52,000 AND I DON'T KNOW ABOUT THE -- I 6424 04:45:52,000 --> 04:45:54,280 DON'T THINK THE SLIDES ARE 6425 04:45:54,280 --> 04:45:59,640 AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC 6426 04:45:59,640 --> 04:46:01,720 CONSUMPTION, RIGHT, NATHAN? 6427 04:46:01,720 --> 04:46:03,720 I'VE ASKED BEFORE WITH OER, THEY 6428 04:46:03,720 --> 04:46:05,920 HAVE SAID NO. 6429 04:46:05,920 --> 04:46:06,200 >> OKAY. 6430 04:46:06,200 --> 04:46:08,560 >> BUT WE CAN CHECK AGAIN. 6431 04:46:08,560 --> 04:46:09,880 APOLOGIZE, BRIAN. 6432 04:46:09,880 --> 04:46:15,240 I COULDN'T ANSWER THAT QUESTION. 6433 04:46:15,240 --> 04:46:20,720 AMY ASKED A RELEVANT QUESTION, 6434 04:46:20,720 --> 04:46:21,280 WHAT IS RIGHT TARGET? 6435 04:46:21,280 --> 04:46:22,520 I DON'T THINK THERE'S A SINGLE 6436 04:46:22,520 --> 04:46:23,880 ANSWER TO THAT. 6437 04:46:23,880 --> 04:46:26,160 IT DEPENDS ON THE CONDITION OR 6438 04:46:26,160 --> 04:46:27,960 DISEASE THAT ONE IS STUDYING. 6439 04:46:27,960 --> 04:46:30,040 CLEARLY IF YOU HAVE A CLINICAL 6440 04:46:30,040 --> 04:46:32,360 TRIAL ON DIABETES, 90% OF 6441 04:46:32,360 --> 04:46:37,360 INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT FROM ANY OF 6442 04:46:37,360 --> 04:46:38,720 THE RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY 6443 04:46:38,720 --> 04:46:39,520 GROUPS, THAT'S NOT THE RIGHT 6444 04:46:39,520 --> 04:46:44,040 NUMBER BUT THERE ARE OTHER 6445 04:46:44,040 --> 04:46:45,680 CONDITIONS WHERE, YOU KNOW, OR 6446 04:46:45,680 --> 04:46:46,760 POPULATIONS PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS 6447 04:46:46,760 --> 04:46:47,080 TO. 6448 04:46:47,080 --> 04:46:49,320 THERE HAS TO BE AN EFFORT IN ALL 6449 04:46:49,320 --> 04:46:51,720 CONTEXT TO RECRUIT A DIVERSE 6450 04:46:51,720 --> 04:46:53,640 POPULATION, AND, YOU KNOW, WE 6451 04:46:53,640 --> 04:46:55,960 STRUGGLE WITH THAT WITH THE 6452 04:46:55,960 --> 04:46:57,120 MODERNA TRIAL, AS YOU KNOW, AND 6453 04:46:57,120 --> 04:47:01,320 I THINK WE WERE ABLE TO GET THEM 6454 04:47:01,320 --> 04:47:05,040 TO BE AT 37% POPULATIONS FROM 6455 04:47:05,040 --> 04:47:08,160 RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS OTHER 6456 04:47:08,160 --> 04:47:09,240 THAN WHITE AMERICANS. 6457 04:47:09,240 --> 04:47:11,520 AND WE THOUGHT THAT WAS A 6458 04:47:11,520 --> 04:47:12,120 RELATIVE SUCCESS. 6459 04:47:12,120 --> 04:47:15,320 YOU KNOW, I WOULDN'T CALL IT 6460 04:47:15,320 --> 04:47:17,320 OUTSTANDING SUCCESS BUT IT WAS A 6461 04:47:17,320 --> 04:47:22,920 LOT BETTER WHERE WE STARTED. 6462 04:47:22,920 --> 04:47:24,880 THERE IS NO STRUCTURE FOR 6463 04:47:24,880 --> 04:47:26,440 ACCOUNTABILITY AND THAT'S I 6464 04:47:26,440 --> 04:47:31,120 THINK PART OF THE PROBLEM IN ANY 6465 04:47:31,120 --> 04:47:31,640 DIRECTION. 6466 04:47:31,640 --> 04:47:33,520 SO THERE'S NO LEVER THAT WE AS 6467 04:47:33,520 --> 04:47:35,200 NIH STAFF CAN SAY, WELL, YOU'RE 6468 04:47:35,200 --> 04:47:36,480 NOT DOING WHAT YOU SAID YOU WERE 6469 04:47:36,480 --> 04:47:41,800 GOING TO DO BECAUSE A LOT OF 6470 04:47:41,800 --> 04:47:43,400 TIMES FUNDING'S OVER, THEY ARE 6471 04:47:43,400 --> 04:47:47,120 STILL WORKING ON THEIR ANALYSIS. 6472 04:47:47,120 --> 04:47:52,120 SO THIS IS NOT A -- WE'VE MADE 6473 04:47:52,120 --> 04:47:52,400 PROGRESS. 6474 04:47:52,400 --> 04:47:55,600 IF YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS OF 6475 04:47:55,600 --> 04:47:57,040 NIH-SUPPORTED STUDIES THEY ARE 6476 04:47:57,040 --> 04:48:01,240 CERTAINLY OVERALL -- I THINK I 6477 04:48:01,240 --> 04:48:03,120 ADDED UP 32% PLUS THE HISPANIC 6478 04:48:03,120 --> 04:48:06,960 GROUP PUSHING IT UP CLOSE TO 40. 6479 04:48:06,960 --> 04:48:08,720 THAT'S NOT BAD. 6480 04:48:08,720 --> 04:48:11,440 THAT'S CLOSE TO POPULATION 6481 04:48:11,440 --> 04:48:13,920 REPRESENTATION. 6482 04:48:13,920 --> 04:48:15,400 SO I DON'T THINK THAT THE 6483 04:48:15,400 --> 04:48:16,800 DIMENSION OF THIS PROBLEM IS AS 6484 04:48:16,800 --> 04:48:20,520 CLOSE TO WHAT WE FACE WITH THE 6485 04:48:20,520 --> 04:48:21,000 SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE. 6486 04:48:21,000 --> 04:48:23,720 LET ME TURN IT BACK TO DENICE TO 6487 04:48:23,720 --> 04:48:24,920 GUIDE US THROUGH CONCEPT 6488 04:48:24,920 --> 04:48:25,880 CLEARANCE. 6489 04:48:25,880 --> 04:48:28,920 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, NATE. 6490 04:48:28,920 --> 04:48:31,680 >> WE'LL NOW MOVE TO THE 6491 04:48:31,680 --> 04:48:31,920 CONCEPTS. 6492 04:48:31,920 --> 04:48:33,920 THERE IS ONE CONCEPT TO BE 6493 04:48:33,920 --> 04:48:34,480 PRESENTED FOR APPROVAL. 6494 04:48:34,480 --> 04:48:37,720 I'LL GIVE A LITTLE BIT OF 6495 04:48:37,720 --> 04:48:38,120 BACKGROUND. 6496 04:48:38,120 --> 04:48:40,360 TWO COUNCIL REVIEWERS ARE 6497 04:48:40,360 --> 04:48:43,280 ASSIGNED TO THIS CONCEPT. 6498 04:48:43,280 --> 04:48:46,440 DR. KIMBERLY JOHNSON AND BRIAN 6499 04:48:46,440 --> 04:48:48,440 WOSTANSKI, TO MAKE BEST USE OF 6500 04:48:48,440 --> 04:48:50,720 TIME OTHER MEMBERS WERE ASKED TO 6501 04:48:50,720 --> 04:48:54,200 SHARE COMMENTS WITH ASSIGNED 6502 04:48:54,200 --> 04:48:55,640 REVIEWERS, ASKED TO INCLUDE 6503 04:48:55,640 --> 04:48:56,840 THESE THOUGHTS WITH THEIR OWN 6504 04:48:56,840 --> 04:48:57,520 COMMENTS. 6505 04:48:57,520 --> 04:49:04,120 THERE WILL BE AN OPEN 6506 04:49:04,120 --> 04:49:09,520 DISCUSSION PERIOD AND MOTION TO 6507 04:49:09,520 --> 04:49:12,320 APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE. 6508 04:49:12,320 --> 04:49:23,280 NANCY JONES WILL PRESENT THE 6509 04:49:23,280 --> 04:49:24,680 CONCEPT. 6510 04:49:24,680 --> 04:49:25,160 NANCY? 6511 04:49:25,160 --> 04:49:27,200 >> GOOD AFTERNOON. 6512 04:49:27,200 --> 04:49:39,000 AGAIN, ON BEHALF OF THESE 6513 04:49:39,000 --> 04:49:40,520 PEOPLE WE'RE PRESENTING THE 6514 04:49:40,520 --> 04:49:42,160 CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING AND 6515 04:49:42,160 --> 04:49:43,160 ADDRESSING MISINFORMATION AMONG 6516 04:49:43,160 --> 04:49:43,720 POPULATIONS THAT EXPERIENCE 6517 04:49:43,720 --> 04:49:44,360 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6518 04:49:44,360 --> 04:49:45,440 NEXT SLIDE. 6519 04:49:45,440 --> 04:49:47,960 THE OBJECTIVE FOR THIS 6520 04:49:47,960 --> 04:49:50,360 INITIATIVE IS TWO-FOLD. 6521 04:49:50,360 --> 04:49:52,000 FIRST, TO UNDERSTAND UNDERLYING 6522 04:49:52,000 --> 04:49:54,240 MECHANISMS AND THEN TO TEST 6523 04:49:54,240 --> 04:49:55,000 INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS AND 6524 04:49:55,000 --> 04:50:00,320 MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF 6525 04:50:00,320 --> 04:50:01,520 HEALTH-RELATED INFORMATION AND 6526 04:50:01,520 --> 04:50:02,560 DISINFORMATION ON HEALTH 6527 04:50:02,560 --> 04:50:03,920 DISPARITIES AND POPULATIONS THAT 6528 04:50:03,920 --> 04:50:08,800 EXPERIENCE HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6529 04:50:08,800 --> 04:50:11,000 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 6530 04:50:11,000 --> 04:50:13,600 THE SPREAD OF HEALTH 6531 04:50:13,600 --> 04:50:14,160 MISINFORMATION AND 6532 04:50:14,160 --> 04:50:15,480 DISINFORMATION HAMPERS PUBLIC 6533 04:50:15,480 --> 04:50:16,520 HEALTH EFFORTS. 6534 04:50:16,520 --> 04:50:18,640 IT WAS SEEN WITH COVID-19 BUT 6535 04:50:18,640 --> 04:50:20,280 EXISTS FOR OTHER HEALTH 6536 04:50:20,280 --> 04:50:20,560 CONDITIONS. 6537 04:50:20,560 --> 04:50:21,920 WE PROPOSE IT NEEDS TO BE 6538 04:50:21,920 --> 04:50:24,880 ADDRESSED AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC 6539 04:50:24,880 --> 04:50:27,080 HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY. 6540 04:50:27,080 --> 04:50:29,560 MISINFORMATION IS INFORMATION 6541 04:50:29,560 --> 04:50:31,880 THAT IS INACCURATE, FALSE OR 6542 04:50:31,880 --> 04:50:34,080 MISLEADING BASED ON CURRENT 6543 04:50:34,080 --> 04:50:35,920 SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS. 6544 04:50:35,920 --> 04:50:36,840 DISINFORMATION REFERS TO 6545 04:50:36,840 --> 04:50:40,240 DELIBERATE PRODUCTION AND OR 6546 04:50:40,240 --> 04:50:42,120 DISSEMINATION OF MISINFORMATION 6547 04:50:42,120 --> 04:50:44,960 TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION AN 6548 04:50:44,960 --> 04:50:46,760 BEHAVIOR IN DECEPTIVE WAY. 6549 04:50:46,760 --> 04:50:48,680 GROWING RELIANCE ON SOCIAL MEDIA 6550 04:50:48,680 --> 04:50:53,480 COUPLED WITH EROSION OF TRUST IN 6551 04:50:53,480 --> 04:50:54,920 TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS 6552 04:50:54,920 --> 04:50:55,920 SCIENTISTS, GOVERNMENT AND 6553 04:50:55,920 --> 04:50:59,280 PUBLIC HEALTH, AND HEALTH CARE 6554 04:50:59,280 --> 04:51:04,880 ORGANIZATION HAS GIVEN RISE TO 6555 04:51:04,880 --> 04:51:06,000 INCREASED EXPOSURE. 6556 04:51:06,000 --> 04:51:07,520 THE PANDEMIC HIGHLIGHTS THE 6557 04:51:07,520 --> 04:51:10,520 PROBLEM OF MISINFORMATION AND 6558 04:51:10,520 --> 04:51:14,320 DISINFORMATION FOR PUBLIC HEALTH 6559 04:51:14,320 --> 04:51:17,120 AND HOW IT OPERATED AS A THREAT. 6560 04:51:17,120 --> 04:51:19,120 THE SPREAD OF MISINFORMATION WAS 6561 04:51:19,120 --> 04:51:21,560 SEEN CONCERNING NEARLY EVERY 6562 04:51:21,560 --> 04:51:24,800 ASPECT OF THE PANDEMIC FROM 6563 04:51:24,800 --> 04:51:26,920 VIRUS ORIGINS, UNDERLYING 6564 04:51:26,920 --> 04:51:34,400 BIOLOGY, TESTING THE VACCINATION 6565 04:51:34,400 --> 04:51:36,480 DEVELOPMENT, ABILITY TO PROTECT, 6566 04:51:36,480 --> 04:51:37,560 TO POLICY RESPONSES AND 6567 04:51:37,560 --> 04:51:39,760 CONTINUES TO HINDER THE PUBLIC 6568 04:51:39,760 --> 04:51:42,520 HEALTH PREVENTION EFFORTS TO 6569 04:51:42,520 --> 04:51:44,120 CONTROL THE PANDEMIC. 6570 04:51:44,120 --> 04:51:47,120 THINGS LIKE LOWER EDUCATIONAL 6571 04:51:47,120 --> 04:51:48,160 ATTAINMENT, LOWER HEALTH 6572 04:51:48,160 --> 04:51:49,720 LITERACY, AND HISTORIC AND 6573 04:51:49,720 --> 04:51:52,560 CURRENT DISTRUST MAY MAKE 6574 04:51:52,560 --> 04:51:53,960 CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS AND 6575 04:51:53,960 --> 04:52:04,640 COMMUNITIES MORE SUSCEPTIBLE 6576 04:52:04,640 --> 04:52:05,400 OR IMPACTED. 6577 04:52:05,400 --> 04:52:07,160 THIS NEEDS TO BE TAKEN WITHIN 6578 04:52:07,160 --> 04:52:09,680 CONTEXT THAT PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED 6579 04:52:09,680 --> 04:52:12,200 TO MISINFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT 6580 04:52:12,200 --> 04:52:13,520 OF INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT WHERE 6581 04:52:13,520 --> 04:52:15,840 MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 6582 04:52:15,840 --> 04:52:19,200 GUIDANCE IS OFTEN COMPLEX, 6583 04:52:19,200 --> 04:52:23,800 CHANGING, AND SURROUNDED BY 6584 04:52:23,800 --> 04:52:26,920 UNCERTAINTY. 6585 04:52:26,920 --> 04:52:27,840 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 6586 04:52:27,840 --> 04:52:30,440 TWO TYPES OF SCIENCES NEED TO BE 6587 04:52:30,440 --> 04:52:32,600 PROPOSED OR CONSIDERED WHEN 6588 04:52:32,600 --> 04:52:34,360 EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF 6589 04:52:34,360 --> 04:52:35,920 MISINFORMATION AND 6590 04:52:35,920 --> 04:52:36,440 DISINFORMATION. 6591 04:52:36,440 --> 04:52:39,840 FIRST, PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL 6592 04:52:39,840 --> 04:52:41,480 SCIENCES PROPOSE COGNITIVE 6593 04:52:41,480 --> 04:52:44,880 EFFECTIVE AND SOCIAL PROCESSES 6594 04:52:44,880 --> 04:52:45,720 THAT UNDERLIE BELIEFS, 6595 04:52:45,720 --> 04:52:46,880 ATTITUDES, PERCEPTION RELEVANT 6596 04:52:46,880 --> 04:52:48,240 TO MISINFORMATION. 6597 04:52:48,240 --> 04:52:49,880 REALLY HOW MISINFORMATION IS 6598 04:52:49,880 --> 04:52:52,200 PROCESSED AS WELL AS STRATEGIES 6599 04:52:52,200 --> 04:52:55,280 TO COUNTER THE MISINFORMATION. 6600 04:52:55,280 --> 04:52:56,240 A COMMON MISCONCEPTION IS 6601 04:52:56,240 --> 04:52:59,320 INDIVIDUALS BELIEVE AND SHARE 6602 04:52:59,320 --> 04:53:00,600 MISINFORMATION SIMPLY BECAUSE 6603 04:53:00,600 --> 04:53:02,480 THEY MISUNDERSTAND OR HAVE LACK 6604 04:53:02,480 --> 04:53:04,960 OF ACCESS TO FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE. 6605 04:53:04,960 --> 04:53:11,080 BUT COGNITIVE EFFECTIVE AND 6606 04:53:11,080 --> 04:53:12,320 SOCIAL PROCESS UNDERLIE, FOR 6607 04:53:12,320 --> 04:53:13,680 EXAMPLE INDIVIDUALS MAY LEAVE OR 6608 04:53:13,680 --> 04:53:17,120 SHARE MISINFORMATION BECAUSE 6609 04:53:17,120 --> 04:53:20,720 THEY SHALL ENGAGING IN INTUITIVE 6610 04:53:20,720 --> 04:53:21,280 RATHER THAN DELIBERATE 6611 04:53:21,280 --> 04:53:22,480 INFORMATION, THE SOURCE IS 6612 04:53:22,480 --> 04:53:23,960 FAMILIAR OR A TRUSTED AUTHORITY 6613 04:53:23,960 --> 04:53:25,440 FIGURE, OR BECAUSE THEY ARE 6614 04:53:25,440 --> 04:53:27,600 AFFECTED BY EMOTIONS SUCH AS 6615 04:53:27,600 --> 04:53:31,120 FEAR OR ANGER. 6616 04:53:31,120 --> 04:53:33,120 ON ARE BECAUSE MISINFORMATION 6617 04:53:33,120 --> 04:53:35,400 CONFIRMS THEIR WORLD VIEW. 6618 04:53:35,400 --> 04:53:36,520 HEALTH COMMUNICATION SCIENCES 6619 04:53:36,520 --> 04:53:39,320 INCLUDING HEALTH LITERACY AT THE 6620 04:53:39,320 --> 04:53:41,400 INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZATIONAL AND 6621 04:53:41,400 --> 04:53:43,360 COMMUNITY LEVEL IS THEORY-DRIVEN 6622 04:53:43,360 --> 04:53:44,600 APPROACH TO ADDRESS 6623 04:53:44,600 --> 04:53:46,880 MISINFORMATION AND DISTRUST AND 6624 04:53:46,880 --> 04:53:48,360 MOTIVATE BEHAVIOR CHANGE. 6625 04:53:48,360 --> 04:53:49,920 FOR POPULATIONS THAT EXPERIENCE 6626 04:53:49,920 --> 04:53:51,280 HEALTH DISPARITIES, IT'S 6627 04:53:51,280 --> 04:53:53,120 IMPORTANT TO ADDRESS HEALTH 6628 04:53:53,120 --> 04:53:58,120 LITERACY BEYOND THE INDIVIDUAL 6629 04:53:58,120 --> 04:53:58,480 LEVEL. 6630 04:53:58,480 --> 04:53:59,760 BECAUSE ORGANIZATIONS AND 6631 04:53:59,760 --> 04:54:01,400 COMMUNITIES -- ORGANIZATIONS 6632 04:54:01,400 --> 04:54:05,520 NEED TO RECOGNIZE THAT THERE CAN 6633 04:54:05,520 --> 04:54:08,720 BE BARRIERS AS WELL AS 6634 04:54:08,720 --> 04:54:10,480 TRUSTWORTHINESS OF THESE 6635 04:54:10,480 --> 04:54:11,320 ORGANIZATIONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO 6636 04:54:11,320 --> 04:54:14,520 BE ABLE TO ACT ON HEALTH 6637 04:54:14,520 --> 04:54:15,040 INFORMATION. 6638 04:54:15,040 --> 04:54:16,560 AND THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY 6639 04:54:16,560 --> 04:54:18,440 AND CULTURAL CONTEXT NEEDS TO BE 6640 04:54:18,440 --> 04:54:20,720 TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT BECAUSE IT 6641 04:54:20,720 --> 04:54:23,120 HELPS SHAPE HOW TO FIND, 6642 04:54:23,120 --> 04:54:25,440 UNDERSTAND, ACCESS, USE HEALTH 6643 04:54:25,440 --> 04:54:27,320 INFORMATION AND HEALTH 6644 04:54:27,320 --> 04:54:29,520 INFORMATION SERVICES. 6645 04:54:29,520 --> 04:54:33,440 AS WE SAW IN THE PANDEMIC, BUT 6646 04:54:33,440 --> 04:54:37,360 IS TRUE OF ALL HEALTH 6647 04:54:37,360 --> 04:54:39,120 INFORMATION, THERE'S A RANGE OF 6648 04:54:39,120 --> 04:54:39,720 ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITIES 6649 04:54:39,720 --> 04:54:42,080 THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDERED, 6650 04:54:42,080 --> 04:54:44,280 THINGS LIKE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, 6651 04:54:44,280 --> 04:54:46,480 HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS, 6652 04:54:46,480 --> 04:54:49,120 SOCIAL SERVICES PROGRAMS, 6653 04:54:49,120 --> 04:54:50,320 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES, 6654 04:54:50,320 --> 04:54:53,400 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, PUBLIC 6655 04:54:53,400 --> 04:54:54,040 LIBRARIES, COMMUNITY-BASED 6656 04:54:54,040 --> 04:54:55,520 ORGANIZATIONS, FAITH BASED 6657 04:54:55,520 --> 04:54:59,280 GROUPS, NEWS OUTLETS, SOCIAL 6658 04:54:59,280 --> 04:55:00,360 MEDIA AND BUSINESSES. 6659 04:55:00,360 --> 04:55:06,000 TWO AREAS NEED TO BE FURTHER 6660 04:55:06,000 --> 04:55:06,720 EXPLORED. 6661 04:55:06,720 --> 04:55:07,640 FIRST, MECHANISMS, PATHWAYS, 6662 04:55:07,640 --> 04:55:09,920 PROCESSES BY WHICH 6663 04:55:09,920 --> 04:55:10,800 MISINFORMATION AND 6664 04:55:10,800 --> 04:55:12,480 DISINFORMATION IMPACT THINGS 6665 04:55:12,480 --> 04:55:14,320 LIKE DECISION MAKING, HEALTH 6666 04:55:14,320 --> 04:55:15,720 SEEKING, MEDICAL CARE FOR 6667 04:55:15,720 --> 04:55:17,360 POPULATIONS THAT THAT EXPERIENCE 6668 04:55:17,360 --> 04:55:18,280 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6669 04:55:18,280 --> 04:55:20,520 AND STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO 6670 04:55:20,520 --> 04:55:23,000 UNDERSTAND HOW INDIVIDUALS, 6671 04:55:23,000 --> 04:55:23,800 FAMILIES, SOCIAL NETWORKS, 6672 04:55:23,800 --> 04:55:24,920 ORGANIZATIONS, AND COMMUNITIES 6673 04:55:24,920 --> 04:55:28,080 AS WELL AS SOCIAL AND CULTURAL 6674 04:55:28,080 --> 04:55:30,720 CONTEXTS SHAPE THE UNDERSTANDING 6675 04:55:30,720 --> 04:55:39,640 AND USE OF HEALTH INFORMATION. 6676 04:55:39,640 --> 04:55:41,120 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 6677 04:55:41,120 --> 04:55:44,960 WHAT WE'RE PROPOSING IS RESEARCH 6678 04:55:44,960 --> 04:55:46,440 TO BOTH UNDERSTAND, ADDRESS, 6679 04:55:46,440 --> 04:55:49,840 MITIGATE THE HARMFUL IMPACTS OF 6680 04:55:49,840 --> 04:55:50,760 MISINFORMATION AND 6681 04:55:50,760 --> 04:55:52,480 DISINFORMATION AMONG POPULATIONS 6682 04:55:52,480 --> 04:55:53,720 THAT EXPERIENCE HEALTH 6683 04:55:53,720 --> 04:55:54,040 DISPARITIES. 6684 04:55:54,040 --> 04:55:58,320 WE BELIEVE THIS NEEDS TO BE 6685 04:55:58,320 --> 04:55:59,960 MULTI-LEVEL, MULTI-DISCIPLINARY, 6686 04:55:59,960 --> 04:56:02,760 COMMUNITY ENGAGED APPROACHES 6687 04:56:02,760 --> 04:56:05,600 THAT RECOGNIZE PSYCHOSOCIAL 6688 04:56:05,600 --> 04:56:09,000 FACTORS, STRUCTURAL RACISM, 6689 04:56:09,000 --> 04:56:11,040 MISTRUST, AND MARGINALIZATION OF 6690 04:56:11,040 --> 04:56:11,400 COMMUNITIES. 6691 04:56:11,400 --> 04:56:14,720 IN PARTICULAR WE'RE INTERESTED 6692 04:56:14,720 --> 04:56:15,920 IN ADDRESSING PARTICULAR 6693 04:56:15,920 --> 04:56:18,120 POPULATIONS, THOSE WITH LIMITED 6694 04:56:18,120 --> 04:56:22,360 HEALTH IN SCIENCE LITERACY, 6695 04:56:22,360 --> 04:56:23,560 RURAL POPULATIONS, IMMIGRANT 6696 04:56:23,560 --> 04:56:25,120 COMMUNITIES, RACIAL AND ETHNIC 6697 04:56:25,120 --> 04:56:27,720 MINORITY GROUPS, AND THOSE WITH 6698 04:56:27,720 --> 04:56:30,720 DEEP DISTRUST IN SCIENCE, EXPERT 6699 04:56:30,720 --> 04:56:32,880 AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS. 6700 04:56:32,880 --> 04:56:36,240 EXAMPLES OF HEALTH TOPICS 6701 04:56:36,240 --> 04:56:39,560 INCLUDE COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, 6702 04:56:39,560 --> 04:56:41,720 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, 6703 04:56:41,720 --> 04:56:43,160 VACCINES, GENETIC TESTING, 6704 04:56:43,160 --> 04:56:45,120 CANCER, AND TOBACCO USE AND 6705 04:56:45,120 --> 04:56:47,600 CESSATION, AMONG OTHERS. 6706 04:56:47,600 --> 04:56:50,000 OUTCOMES OF INTEREST WOULD 6707 04:56:50,000 --> 04:56:52,600 INCLUDE ACCESS MORBIDITY AND 6708 04:56:52,600 --> 04:56:54,600 MORTALITY, PHYSICAL AND MENTAL 6709 04:56:54,600 --> 04:56:57,760 HEALTH, BEHAVIORAL CHANGES, 6710 04:56:57,760 --> 04:56:58,880 ADHERENCE TO EVIDENCE-BASED 6711 04:56:58,880 --> 04:57:00,520 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT 6712 04:57:00,520 --> 04:57:02,440 GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 6713 04:57:02,440 --> 04:57:05,520 AND, AGAIN, COMMUNITY ENGAGED 6714 04:57:05,520 --> 04:57:07,920 APPROACHES THAT INVOLVE TRUSTED 6715 04:57:07,920 --> 04:57:09,800 COMMUNITY SOURCES ARE IMPORTANT 6716 04:57:09,800 --> 04:57:11,600 TO ADDRESS THE ORGANIZATIONAL 6717 04:57:11,600 --> 04:57:13,800 AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LITERACY 6718 04:57:13,800 --> 04:57:17,360 AND STRUCTURAL RACISM. 6719 04:57:17,360 --> 04:57:19,520 THE NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 6720 04:57:19,520 --> 04:57:23,960 WE BELIEVE THAT THE RESEARCH 6721 04:57:23,960 --> 04:57:25,840 PRIORITIES SHOULD INVOLVE BOTH 6722 04:57:25,840 --> 04:57:27,560 PRIORITIES TO UNDERSTAND 6723 04:57:27,560 --> 04:57:29,920 UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AS WELL AS 6724 04:57:29,920 --> 04:57:32,080 TO PROMOTE TESTING INTERVENTIONS 6725 04:57:32,080 --> 04:57:35,160 TO ADDRESS AND MITIGATE 6726 04:57:35,160 --> 04:57:35,680 MISINFORMATION. 6727 04:57:35,680 --> 04:57:37,120 SOME EXAMPLES INCLUDE EXAMINING 6728 04:57:37,120 --> 04:57:41,120 THE PATHWAYS AND MECHANISMS BY 6729 04:57:41,120 --> 04:57:42,480 WHICH MISINFORMATION AND 6730 04:57:42,480 --> 04:57:43,080 DISINFORMATION DIFFERENTIALLY 6731 04:57:43,080 --> 04:57:45,440 IMPACT POPULATIONS THAT 6732 04:57:45,440 --> 04:57:46,520 EXPERIENCE HEALTH DISPARITIES 6733 04:57:46,520 --> 04:57:48,680 INCLUDING ROLE OF STRUCTURAL 6734 04:57:48,680 --> 04:57:51,440 RACISM, AND MISTRUST IN SCIENCE 6735 04:57:51,440 --> 04:57:52,720 AND MEDICINE. 6736 04:57:52,720 --> 04:57:55,280 UNDERSTANDING HOW EFFECTIVE 6737 04:57:55,280 --> 04:57:57,120 SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE FACTORS, 6738 04:57:57,120 --> 04:58:02,320 DECISION MAKING BIASES, AND 6739 04:58:02,320 --> 04:58:03,400 MALADAPTIVE AND ADAPTIVE 6740 04:58:03,400 --> 04:58:04,160 RESPONSES INFLUENCE THE 6741 04:58:04,160 --> 04:58:07,560 PROCESSING AND SHARING OF 6742 04:58:07,560 --> 04:58:08,320 MISINFORMATION AND 6743 04:58:08,320 --> 04:58:08,720 DISINFORMATION. 6744 04:58:08,720 --> 04:58:10,640 EXAMINING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL 6745 04:58:10,640 --> 04:58:12,480 NETWORKS IN INDIVIDUALS AND 6746 04:58:12,480 --> 04:58:15,120 FAMILIES WITHIN SOCIAL NETWORKS, 6747 04:58:15,120 --> 04:58:16,080 COMMUNITIES, ORGANIZATIONS, THE 6748 04:58:16,080 --> 04:58:18,920 SPREAD AND CONTAINMENT OF 6749 04:58:18,920 --> 04:58:19,800 MISINFORMATION AND 6750 04:58:19,800 --> 04:58:20,400 DISINFORMATION. 6751 04:58:20,400 --> 04:58:21,760 EXAMINING THE ROLE OF 6752 04:58:21,760 --> 04:58:23,520 ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY 6753 04:58:23,520 --> 04:58:28,440 HEALTH LITERACY TO MAKE HEALTH 6754 04:58:28,440 --> 04:58:31,160 INFORMATION AND SERVICES 6755 04:58:31,160 --> 04:58:32,960 EQUITABLE, UNDERSTANDABLE, 6756 04:58:32,960 --> 04:58:33,600 USEFUL, DEVELOPING AND 6757 04:58:33,600 --> 04:58:34,680 EVALUATING INTERVENTIONS THAT 6758 04:58:34,680 --> 04:58:35,760 ADDRESS HEALTH AND HEALTH 6759 04:58:35,760 --> 04:58:38,000 LITERACY AT THE INDIVIDUAL 6760 04:58:38,000 --> 04:58:39,720 ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY 6761 04:58:39,720 --> 04:58:39,920 LEVEL. 6762 04:58:39,920 --> 04:58:41,520 AND FINALLY PARTNERING WITH 6763 04:58:41,520 --> 04:58:43,640 COMMUNITIES TO DEVELOP AND 6764 04:58:43,640 --> 04:58:46,360 EVALUATE INTERVENTIONS DESIGNED 6765 04:58:46,360 --> 04:58:48,440 TO ENGENDER TRUST IN SCIENCE AND 6766 04:58:48,440 --> 04:58:50,840 EVIDENCE-BASED DECISION MAKING 6767 04:58:50,840 --> 04:58:54,120 AND ADDRESSING MISINFORMATION ON 6768 04:58:54,120 --> 04:58:54,920 MEDICAL MISTRUST RELATED TO 6769 04:58:54,920 --> 04:58:56,960 COVID-19 BUT ALSO TO ALL OF THE 6770 04:58:56,960 --> 04:59:00,040 HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT WE'VE 6771 04:59:00,040 --> 04:59:02,640 IDENTIFIED AS PRIORITIES. 6772 04:59:02,640 --> 04:59:05,560 WITH THAT, I WELCOME HEARING 6773 04:59:05,560 --> 04:59:07,040 FROM OUR COUNCIL MEMBERS, THEIR 6774 04:59:07,040 --> 04:59:11,040 INPUT ON THIS CONCEPT. 6775 04:59:11,040 --> 04:59:11,920 THANK YOU. 6776 04:59:11,920 --> 04:59:13,760 >> THANK YOU, NANCY. 6777 04:59:13,760 --> 04:59:16,280 WE'LL HEAR FROM DR. JOHNSON 6778 04:59:16,280 --> 04:59:17,040 FIRST. 6779 04:59:17,040 --> 04:59:19,760 DO YOU HAVE COMMENTS, KIMBERLY? 6780 04:59:19,760 --> 04:59:20,440 >> YES. 6781 04:59:20,440 --> 04:59:22,200 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THE 6782 04:59:22,200 --> 04:59:23,280 OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW THIS 6783 04:59:23,280 --> 04:59:23,520 CONCEPT. 6784 04:59:23,520 --> 04:59:26,000 I WAS REALLY EXCITED ABOUT IT. 6785 04:59:26,000 --> 04:59:28,160 CERTAINLY IN OUR HEALTH 6786 04:59:28,160 --> 04:59:29,160 DISPARITIES RESEARCH CENTER, THE 6787 04:59:29,160 --> 04:59:33,120 SETTING OF COVID WE HEARD A LOT 6788 04:59:33,120 --> 04:59:34,640 FROM COMMUNITY AND PATIENT STAKE 6789 04:59:34,640 --> 04:59:37,120 HOLDERS ABOUT THEIR INTEREST AND 6790 04:59:37,120 --> 04:59:38,920 EFFORTS TO COMBAT MISINFORMATION 6791 04:59:38,920 --> 04:59:39,760 AND DISINFORMATION AROUND COVID. 6792 04:59:39,760 --> 04:59:43,600 THIS IS A WELL WRITTEN CONCEPT, 6793 04:59:43,600 --> 04:59:45,160 WHICH IS ALREADY THOROUGH AND 6794 04:59:45,160 --> 04:59:46,240 HAS IMPORTANT RESEARCH 6795 04:59:46,240 --> 04:59:46,760 PRIORITIES. 6796 04:59:46,760 --> 04:59:48,840 SOME THINGS THAT I REALLY LIKED 6797 04:59:48,840 --> 04:59:51,920 AND STOOD OUT REALLY THIS 6798 04:59:51,920 --> 04:59:52,960 FRAMING OF MISINFORMATION AND 6799 04:59:52,960 --> 04:59:54,440 DISINFORMATION AS A PUBLIC 6800 04:59:54,440 --> 04:59:56,400 HEALTH THREAT, THAT'S SOMETHING 6801 04:59:56,400 --> 04:59:57,440 I'VE READ ABOUT RECENTLY. 6802 04:59:57,440 --> 05:00:01,240 CERTAINLY THE USE OF A HEALTH 6803 05:00:01,240 --> 05:00:03,040 DISPARITIES LENS GIVEN AS DR. 6804 05:00:03,040 --> 05:00:04,040 JONES TALKED ABOUT, 6805 05:00:04,040 --> 05:00:06,000 DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACT OF 6806 05:00:06,000 --> 05:00:07,120 INFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION 6807 05:00:07,120 --> 05:00:08,720 ON POPULATIONS THAT ALREADY 6808 05:00:08,720 --> 05:00:11,120 EXPERIENCE HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6809 05:00:11,120 --> 05:00:14,120 THE FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING 6810 05:00:14,120 --> 05:00:15,920 MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS, AND 6811 05:00:15,920 --> 05:00:17,960 FOCUS ON INTERVENTION, SOMETHING 6812 05:00:17,960 --> 05:00:19,680 THAT I THINK WE HAVE NOT ENOUGH 6813 05:00:19,680 --> 05:00:21,440 OF IN TERMS OF THINKING ABOUT 6814 05:00:21,440 --> 05:00:23,400 WAYS TO MITIGATE AND ADDRESS 6815 05:00:23,400 --> 05:00:24,920 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 6816 05:00:24,920 --> 05:00:25,960 AND CERTAINLY THIS CONCEPT 6817 05:00:25,960 --> 05:00:28,000 INCLUDED A WIDE RANGE OF FACTORS 6818 05:00:28,000 --> 05:00:31,280 FOR CONSIDERATION WHICH I REALLY 6819 05:00:31,280 --> 05:00:33,240 LIKE THE PSYCHOSOCIAL CULTURAL 6820 05:00:33,240 --> 05:00:35,320 STRUCTURAL ISSUES AROUND 6821 05:00:35,320 --> 05:00:38,720 STRUCTURAL RACISM AN MISTRUST 6822 05:00:38,720 --> 05:00:40,280 AND FINALLY EMPHASIS ON 6823 05:00:40,280 --> 05:00:40,920 MULTI-LEVEL STAKEHOLDER 6824 05:00:40,920 --> 05:00:42,840 INTERVENTION FROM INDIVIDUALS 6825 05:00:42,840 --> 05:00:45,160 AND COMMUNITIES TO GOVERNMENT 6826 05:00:45,160 --> 05:00:46,080 AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS. 6827 05:00:46,080 --> 05:00:49,920 SOME THINGS TO CONSIDER AS THE 6828 05:00:49,920 --> 05:00:50,880 HOPEFULLY CONCEPT MOVES FORWARD 6829 05:00:50,880 --> 05:00:53,080 IS THINKING ABOUT A BROADER 6830 05:00:53,080 --> 05:00:54,360 GROUP OF OUTCOMES OF INTEREST, 6831 05:00:54,360 --> 05:00:56,000 HAVE YOU SOME REALLY GREAT ONES 6832 05:00:56,000 --> 05:00:59,760 IN THERE THAT ARE MORE DISTAL, 6833 05:00:59,760 --> 05:01:00,640 LIKE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, 6834 05:01:00,640 --> 05:01:02,760 BUT THINKING ABOUT TRYING TO 6835 05:01:02,760 --> 05:01:05,400 UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS OR PATH 6836 05:01:05,400 --> 05:01:07,920 WAYS OR WAYS INTERVENTIONS MIGHT 6837 05:01:07,920 --> 05:01:11,200 BE HELPFUL, MORE PROXIMAL THINGS 6838 05:01:11,200 --> 05:01:12,280 LIKE BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, 6839 05:01:12,280 --> 05:01:13,360 PERCEPTIONS, IMPACT ON HEALTH 6840 05:01:13,360 --> 05:01:16,000 CARE DECISION MAKING AND HEALTH 6841 05:01:16,000 --> 05:01:16,280 BEHAVIORS. 6842 05:01:16,280 --> 05:01:18,680 ANOTHER THING I THINK TO ELEVATE 6843 05:01:18,680 --> 05:01:20,720 AND YOU MENTIONED THIS IS REALLY 6844 05:01:20,720 --> 05:01:23,240 A FOCUS ON STRONG COMMUNITY 6845 05:01:23,240 --> 05:01:24,880 ENGAGED RESEARCH METHODS FOR 6846 05:01:24,880 --> 05:01:26,200 STUDIES LIKE THIS, PARTICULARLY 6847 05:01:26,200 --> 05:01:29,800 GIVEN WHAT WE'VE SEEN ABOUT 6848 05:01:29,800 --> 05:01:30,440 MISINFORMATION AND 6849 05:01:30,440 --> 05:01:31,520 DISINFORMATION CIRCULATING AND 6850 05:01:31,520 --> 05:01:34,080 OPERATING AT THE LEVEL OF 6851 05:01:34,080 --> 05:01:34,360 COMMUNITIES. 6852 05:01:34,360 --> 05:01:36,880 WE TALK A LOT ABOUT THE NEGATIVE 6853 05:01:36,880 --> 05:01:38,880 IMPACT OF MISINFORMATION AND 6854 05:01:38,880 --> 05:01:40,000 DISINFORMATION, AND JUST 6855 05:01:40,000 --> 05:01:42,160 THINKING ABOUT HOW WE'VE THOUGHT 6856 05:01:42,160 --> 05:01:44,120 A LOT ABOUT HEALTH DISPARITIES 6857 05:01:44,120 --> 05:01:46,120 MORE RECENTLY, FOCUS ON 6858 05:01:46,120 --> 05:01:47,160 RESILIENCE TO MISINFORMATION OR 6859 05:01:47,160 --> 05:01:50,080 DISINFORMATION SO WHAT ARE THE 6860 05:01:50,080 --> 05:01:53,040 THINGS THAT ALLOW COMMUNITIES TO 6861 05:01:53,040 --> 05:01:57,840 DO WELL IN SPITE OF CIRCULATION 6862 05:01:57,840 --> 05:02:02,400 MIGHT LEAD TO FAVORABLE UPTAKE 6863 05:02:02,400 --> 05:02:04,080 OF FACTUAL INFORMATION. 6864 05:02:04,080 --> 05:02:06,760 SOME OTHER THINGS THAT WERE 6865 05:02:06,760 --> 05:02:08,440 MENTIONED BY OR SHARED BY OTHER 6866 05:02:08,440 --> 05:02:12,040 MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY PANEL TO 6867 05:02:12,040 --> 05:02:14,000 CONSIDER IS CONSIDERATION AROUND 6868 05:02:14,000 --> 05:02:16,200 NAMING SOME SPECIFIC GROUPS THAT 6869 05:02:16,200 --> 05:02:18,120 ARE IMPACTED BY MISINFORMATION 6870 05:02:18,120 --> 05:02:19,920 DURING COVID IN PARTICULAR 6871 05:02:19,920 --> 05:02:20,800 WITHIN HEALTH DISPARITY 6872 05:02:20,800 --> 05:02:23,680 POPULATIONS LIKE PREGNANT AND 6873 05:02:23,680 --> 05:02:25,400 LACTATING WOMEN AND FAMILIES OF 6874 05:02:25,400 --> 05:02:26,840 YOUNG CHILDREN. 6875 05:02:26,840 --> 05:02:29,000 OTHER FACTORS TO CONSIDER RELATE 6876 05:02:29,000 --> 05:02:31,760 TO UPTAKE AND IMPACT OF 6877 05:02:31,760 --> 05:02:32,720 MISINFORMATION COULD INCLUDE 6878 05:02:32,720 --> 05:02:34,560 FACTORS RELATED TO TRUST AND 6879 05:02:34,560 --> 05:02:35,760 TRUSTWORTHINESS WHICH YOU 6880 05:02:35,760 --> 05:02:37,200 MENTIONED IN HEALTH CARE 6881 05:02:37,200 --> 05:02:39,600 INSTITUTIONS BUT FOCUS NOT ONLY 6882 05:02:39,600 --> 05:02:41,360 ON HISTORICAL EXPERIENCES THAT 6883 05:02:41,360 --> 05:02:43,320 WE OFTEN TALK ABOUT BUT CURRENT 6884 05:02:43,320 --> 05:02:45,400 ISSUES AS WELL RELATED TO ACCESS 6885 05:02:45,400 --> 05:02:50,200 TO CARE, QUALITY OF CARE, AND 6886 05:02:50,200 --> 05:02:51,680 CERTAINLY POPULATIONS 6887 05:02:51,680 --> 05:02:54,320 EXPERIENCED WITH HEALTH CARE. 6888 05:02:54,320 --> 05:02:56,520 ANOTHER FACTOR TO CONSIDER, 6889 05:02:56,520 --> 05:02:58,160 INDIVIDUAL TRAITS WHICH MAY 6890 05:02:58,160 --> 05:02:59,360 INFLUENCE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO 6891 05:02:59,360 --> 05:03:02,000 MISINFORMATION AND FINALLY FOCUS 6892 05:03:02,000 --> 05:03:08,480 ON COGNITIVE PROCESSES WHICH 6893 05:03:08,480 --> 05:03:09,320 INFLUENCE DECISION MAKING. 6894 05:03:09,320 --> 05:03:13,080 ONE OTHER THING THINKING ABOUT 6895 05:03:13,080 --> 05:03:16,680 BROADER INFLUENCES LIKE 6896 05:03:16,680 --> 05:03:19,240 EMPLOYMENT TYPE ON EXPOSURE TO 6897 05:03:19,240 --> 05:03:20,160 AND UPTAKE OF INFORMATION 6898 05:03:20,160 --> 05:03:24,200 FOCUSING ON THE LABOR MARKET, 6899 05:03:24,200 --> 05:03:25,160 SOMETHING NIMHD HAS BEEN 6900 05:03:25,160 --> 05:03:26,960 INTERESTED IN IN RECENT FUNDING 6901 05:03:26,960 --> 05:03:27,720 OPPORTUNITIES. 6902 05:03:27,720 --> 05:03:28,040 THAT'S ALL. 6903 05:03:28,040 --> 05:03:30,520 THIS IS EXCELLENT AND LOOK 6904 05:03:30,520 --> 05:03:32,080 FORWARD TO IT. 6905 05:03:32,080 --> 05:03:33,840 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DR. 6906 05:03:33,840 --> 05:03:35,560 JOHNSON. 6907 05:03:35,560 --> 05:03:39,040 NOW WE'LL CALL ON DR. NUSTANSKI, 6908 05:03:39,040 --> 05:03:40,600 WOULD YOU PLEASE PROVIDE 6909 05:03:40,600 --> 05:03:40,920 COMMENTS? 6910 05:03:40,920 --> 05:03:42,520 >> YES, THANKS. 6911 05:03:42,520 --> 05:03:46,600 I WANT TO BEGIN BY ECHOING DR. 6912 05:03:46,600 --> 05:03:48,280 JOHNSON'S COMMENTS, A VERY 6913 05:03:48,280 --> 05:03:50,200 IMPORTANT AND TIMELY CONCEPT, 6914 05:03:50,200 --> 05:03:51,960 WELL CRAFTED. 6915 05:03:51,960 --> 05:03:54,120 YOU KNOW, I THINK THE FACT THIS 6916 05:03:54,120 --> 05:03:57,320 IS COMING OUT OF NIMHD MAKES A 6917 05:03:57,320 --> 05:04:00,920 LOT OF SENSE, WHILE ALL 6918 05:04:00,920 --> 05:04:01,560 POPULATIONS ARE EXPOSED, 6919 05:04:01,560 --> 05:04:04,360 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE EFFECTS OF 6920 05:04:04,360 --> 05:04:05,200 MISINFORMATION AND 6921 05:04:05,200 --> 05:04:06,480 DISINFORMATION THERE'S REALLY 6922 05:04:06,480 --> 05:04:09,080 THE POTENTIAL FOR ELEVATED HARM 6923 05:04:09,080 --> 05:04:10,720 AMONG GROUPS, MINORITY GROUPS, 6924 05:04:10,720 --> 05:04:12,560 HEALTH DISPARITY GROUPS, AND WE 6925 05:04:12,560 --> 05:04:15,840 SHOULD CONSIDER NOT JUST HOW 6926 05:04:15,840 --> 05:04:21,760 THESE GROUPS MAY BE INCREASED -- 6927 05:04:21,760 --> 05:04:22,720 HAVE INCREASED VULNERABILITY BUT 6928 05:04:22,720 --> 05:04:24,600 ALSO SOMETIMES HOW THEY MIGHT 6929 05:04:24,600 --> 05:04:29,120 SPECIFICALLY BE THE TARGETS OF 6930 05:04:29,120 --> 05:04:32,520 DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS RATHER 6931 05:04:32,520 --> 05:04:34,520 THAN JUST INCREASED 6932 05:04:34,520 --> 05:04:37,320 VULNERABILITY TO EFFECTS, FOR 6933 05:04:37,320 --> 05:04:37,840 EXAMPLE, CERTAIN TOBACCO 6934 05:04:37,840 --> 05:04:41,000 ADVERTISING, FOR EXAMPLE, A 6935 05:04:41,000 --> 05:04:43,320 PARTICULAR MINORITY COMMUNITY, 6936 05:04:43,320 --> 05:04:46,160 MAY FOCUS ON -- MAY PROVIDE 6937 05:04:46,160 --> 05:04:47,320 EXAMPLES HISTORICALLY HOW 6938 05:04:47,320 --> 05:04:48,680 MINORITY COMMUNITIES ACTUALLY 6939 05:04:48,680 --> 05:04:50,200 SPECIFICALLY HAVE BEEN TARGETED 6940 05:04:50,200 --> 05:04:54,720 WITH THESE KINDS OF CAMPAIGNS. 6941 05:04:54,720 --> 05:04:56,200 ANOTHER INTERESTING 6942 05:04:56,200 --> 05:04:56,880 CONSIDERATION IS HOW 6943 05:04:56,880 --> 05:04:59,520 MISINFORMATION OCCURS IN THE 6944 05:04:59,520 --> 05:05:03,840 CONTEXT OF REALLY CHANGING 6945 05:05:03,840 --> 05:05:05,480 PUBLIC HEALTH GUIDANCE. 6946 05:05:05,480 --> 05:05:07,120 COVID PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT 6947 05:05:07,120 --> 05:05:07,320 EXAMPLE. 6948 05:05:07,320 --> 05:05:08,640 PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE 6949 05:05:08,640 --> 05:05:09,840 THE MESSAGING CHALLENGES ARE 6950 05:05:09,840 --> 05:05:11,920 DIFFERENT WHEN YOU'RE TALKING 6951 05:05:11,920 --> 05:05:15,880 ABOUT EMERGING PUBLIC HEALTH, 6952 05:05:15,880 --> 05:05:16,600 UNDERSTANDING EMERGING 6953 05:05:16,600 --> 05:05:17,280 SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING, WHICH 6954 05:05:17,280 --> 05:05:19,600 IS DIFFERENT THAN WHERE OUR WELL 6955 05:05:19,600 --> 05:05:22,440 KNOWN ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RISK 6956 05:05:22,440 --> 05:05:24,320 FACTOR AND HEALTH OUTCOME. 6957 05:05:24,320 --> 05:05:27,760 FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE EVOLVING 6958 05:05:27,760 --> 05:05:28,720 SCIENCE THERE'S AMBIGUOUS 6959 05:05:28,720 --> 05:05:30,920 INFORMATION THAT'S COMMON EARLY 6960 05:05:30,920 --> 05:05:32,040 IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, NEW 6961 05:05:32,040 --> 05:05:33,800 AREAS, CASE OF COVID THERE WAS A 6962 05:05:33,800 --> 05:05:36,920 LOT OF DISCUSSION ABOUT SURFACE 6963 05:05:36,920 --> 05:05:37,840 TRANSITION, DISPUTES ABOUT 6964 05:05:37,840 --> 05:05:40,120 MASKING, AS THE SCIENCE WAS 6965 05:05:40,120 --> 05:05:40,480 ACCUMULATING. 6966 05:05:40,480 --> 05:05:42,560 AN WE UNDERSTOOD MORE ABOUT HOW 6967 05:05:42,560 --> 05:05:44,160 COVID WAS TRANSMITTED AND 6968 05:05:44,160 --> 05:05:46,480 PREVENTED, AND SO IN EMERGING 6969 05:05:46,480 --> 05:05:48,440 SORT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES 6970 05:05:48,440 --> 05:05:51,200 THAT ISSUE OF HOW TO MESSAGE AS 6971 05:05:51,200 --> 05:05:53,320 THE SCIENCE IS ACCUMULATING, HOW 6972 05:05:53,320 --> 05:05:55,280 DO WE MESSAGE SCIENTIFIC 6973 05:05:55,280 --> 05:05:56,400 UNCERTAINTY IS PARTICULARLY 6974 05:05:56,400 --> 05:05:56,960 IMPORTANT. 6975 05:05:56,960 --> 05:05:59,120 AND FOR EXAMPLE SOME POPULATIONS 6976 05:05:59,120 --> 05:06:01,440 LIKE PREGNANT WOMEN, THIS MAY BE 6977 05:06:01,440 --> 05:06:04,360 A PARTICULARLY ACUTE ISSUE 6978 05:06:04,360 --> 05:06:07,600 BECAUSE OFTEN SCIENCE OF 6979 05:06:07,600 --> 05:06:08,400 UNDERSTANDING HOW ISSUES MAY BE 6980 05:06:08,400 --> 05:06:09,800 SPECIFIC TO PEOPLE WHO ARE 6981 05:06:09,800 --> 05:06:13,960 PREGNANT OR IN CHILDREN MAY TAKE 6982 05:06:13,960 --> 05:06:15,840 LONGER TO ACCUMULATE. 6983 05:06:15,840 --> 05:06:17,800 WE ALSO HAVE CHALLENGES OF 6984 05:06:17,800 --> 05:06:18,520 COMMUNICATING INFORMATION WHEN 6985 05:06:18,520 --> 05:06:21,400 WE HAVE TREATMENTS THAT ARE NOT 6986 05:06:21,400 --> 05:06:23,000 A HUNDRED PERCENT EFFECTIVE OR 6987 05:06:23,000 --> 05:06:24,680 PREVENTION PROGRAMS NOT A 6988 05:06:24,680 --> 05:06:25,560 HUNDRED PERCENT EFFECTIVE. 6989 05:06:25,560 --> 05:06:30,520 ALMOST OF COURSE ALMOST NO 6990 05:06:30,520 --> 05:06:32,000 TREATMENT IS 100% EFFECTIVE BUT 6991 05:06:32,000 --> 05:06:33,880 THAT CREATES OPPORTUNITIES FOR 6992 05:06:33,880 --> 05:06:35,320 MISINFORMATION AND 6993 05:06:35,320 --> 05:06:36,400 DISINFORMATION AND THE ISSUES 6994 05:06:36,400 --> 05:06:38,280 OUTCOMES MAY NOT BE WHAT PEOPLE 6995 05:06:38,280 --> 05:06:40,120 THINK, FOR EXAMPLE, PEOPLE MAY 6996 05:06:40,120 --> 05:06:43,080 THINK IT'S IMPORTANT VACCINE 6997 05:06:43,080 --> 05:06:44,040 PREVENTS INFECTION VERSUS 6998 05:06:44,040 --> 05:06:45,240 PREVENTING DEATH OR 6999 05:06:45,240 --> 05:06:46,280 HOSPITALIZATION AS OUTCOMES OF 7000 05:06:46,280 --> 05:06:46,520 RESEARCH. 7001 05:06:46,520 --> 05:06:49,640 HOW DO WE MESSAGE THAT AND 7002 05:06:49,640 --> 05:06:51,320 COMMUNICATE THOSE COMPLEX 7003 05:06:51,320 --> 05:06:54,200 OUTCOMES IS VERY IMPORTANT. 7004 05:06:54,200 --> 05:06:55,640 THE CONCEPT DISCUSSES OUTCOMES 7005 05:06:55,640 --> 05:06:57,280 THAT ARE BOTH BEHAVIORAL AND 7006 05:06:57,280 --> 05:06:59,120 HEALTH OUTCOMES RATHER THAN JUST 7007 05:06:59,120 --> 05:07:02,680 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES BUT ALSO 7008 05:07:02,680 --> 05:07:06,320 THINKING ABOUT HOW KNOWLEDGE AND 7009 05:07:06,320 --> 05:07:07,320 ATTITUDES MAY BE MEDIATORS MAKES 7010 05:07:07,320 --> 05:07:09,520 A LOT OF SENSE AND WE CAN LEARN 7011 05:07:09,520 --> 05:07:12,320 A LOT FROM EVEN INTERVENTION 7012 05:07:12,320 --> 05:07:13,320 STUDIES ABOUT MECHANISMS THAT 7013 05:07:13,320 --> 05:07:17,400 MIGHT EXPLAIN EFFECT OR LACK OF 7014 05:07:17,400 --> 05:07:18,320 EFFECT WITH PARTICULAR 7015 05:07:18,320 --> 05:07:18,680 INTERVENTIONS. 7016 05:07:18,680 --> 05:07:22,080 FINALLY I WANT TO SUGGEST AS 7017 05:07:22,080 --> 05:07:24,040 THIS CONCEPT RECEIVES FURTHER 7018 05:07:24,040 --> 05:07:26,520 CONSIDERATION REALLY THINKING 7019 05:07:26,520 --> 05:07:28,280 ABOUT HOW HYBRID IMPLEMENTATION 7020 05:07:28,280 --> 05:07:29,600 EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES MAY BE 7021 05:07:29,600 --> 05:07:31,760 HELPFUL AS FOLKS ARE TESTING 7022 05:07:31,760 --> 05:07:35,160 INTERVENTIONS SO THAT WE CAN 7023 05:07:35,160 --> 05:07:36,600 BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND HOW 7024 05:07:36,600 --> 05:07:37,520 SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION 7025 05:07:37,520 --> 05:07:38,880 STRATEGIES MIGHT BE IMPLEMENTED. 7026 05:07:38,880 --> 05:07:42,040 THERE'S SOME REAL CHALLENGES IN 7027 05:07:42,040 --> 05:07:43,040 IMPLEMENTING EVEN SUCCESSFUL 7028 05:07:43,040 --> 05:07:45,440 INTERVENTIONS AND GIVEN THE 7029 05:07:45,440 --> 05:07:47,840 URGENCY OF US IMPLEMENTING 7030 05:07:47,840 --> 05:07:51,120 FINDINGS ABOUT HOW TO COMBAT 7031 05:07:51,120 --> 05:07:52,120 MISINFORMATION AND 7032 05:07:52,120 --> 05:07:53,120 DISINFORMATION COLLECTING 7033 05:07:53,120 --> 05:07:55,600 IMPLEMENTATION INFORMATION EVEN 7034 05:07:55,600 --> 05:07:56,920 IN THE CONTEXT OF A CLINICAL 7035 05:07:56,920 --> 05:07:58,920 TRIAL COULD BE VERY USEFUL FOR 7036 05:07:58,920 --> 05:08:00,760 ACCELERATING THE IMPACT OF THIS 7037 05:08:00,760 --> 05:08:01,120 WORK. 7038 05:08:01,120 --> 05:08:02,720 SO THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY 7039 05:08:02,720 --> 05:08:07,000 TO COMMENT ON THIS VERY WELL 7040 05:08:07,000 --> 05:08:07,640 THOUGHT THROUGH CONCEPT. 7041 05:08:07,640 --> 05:08:09,400 >> THANK YOU, BRIAN. 7042 05:08:09,400 --> 05:08:11,280 ARE THERE COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS 7043 05:08:11,280 --> 05:08:13,680 FROM OUR COUNCIL MEMBERS ON THIS 7044 05:08:13,680 --> 05:08:15,920 CONCEPT? 7045 05:08:15,920 --> 05:08:22,600 7046 05:08:22,600 --> 05:08:24,240 ALL RIGHT. 7047 05:08:24,240 --> 05:08:26,680 SEEING NONE, MAY I HAVE A MOTION 7048 05:08:26,680 --> 05:08:30,400 TO MOVE THE CONCEPT FORWARD FOR 7049 05:08:30,400 --> 05:08:32,360 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT 7050 05:08:32,360 --> 05:08:32,680 DEVELOPMENT? 7051 05:08:32,680 --> 05:08:34,920 >> MOTION TO MOVE FORWARD WITH 7052 05:08:34,920 --> 05:08:37,760 THIS CONCEPT. 7053 05:08:37,760 --> 05:08:38,080 >> SECOND. 7054 05:08:38,080 --> 05:08:39,680 >> I SECOND. 7055 05:08:39,680 --> 05:08:42,280 >> ALL IN FAVOR, SUBMIT Y OR YES 7056 05:08:42,280 --> 05:08:44,600 IN THE CHAT BOX. 7057 05:08:44,600 --> 05:08:46,640 ANY OPPOSED SUBMIT N OR NO IN 7058 05:08:46,640 --> 05:08:47,760 THE CHAT BOX. 7059 05:08:47,760 --> 05:08:49,120 AND WE'LL HAVE THE COUNT IN A 7060 05:08:49,120 --> 05:08:53,320 MOMENT. 7061 05:08:53,320 --> 05:08:56,200 AFTER HAVING BEEN MOVED AND 7062 05:08:56,200 --> 05:08:57,160 PROPERLY SECONDED THE CONCEPT 7063 05:08:57,160 --> 05:08:58,400 WILL MOVE FORWARD TO FUNDING 7064 05:08:58,400 --> 05:08:59,320 OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT FOA 7065 05:08:59,320 --> 05:08:59,640 DEVELOPMENT. 7066 05:08:59,640 --> 05:09:04,840 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 7067 05:09:04,840 --> 05:09:13,200 NOW WE WILL TURN THE MEETING 7068 05:09:13,200 --> 05:09:15,960 OVER TO DR. PEREZ-STABLE FOR 7069 05:09:15,960 --> 05:09:17,000 CLOSING REMARKS AND 7070 05:09:17,000 --> 05:09:17,360 ADJOURNINGMENT. 7071 05:09:17,360 --> 05:09:19,120 >> THANK YOU TO DENICE AND 7072 05:09:19,120 --> 05:09:21,200 COUNCIL MEMBERS FOR THEIR WORK 7073 05:09:21,200 --> 05:09:26,760 IF CONTRIBUTING TO THIS, 7074 05:09:26,760 --> 05:09:32,200 ESPECIALLY STEPH. -- STAFF. 7075 05:09:32,200 --> 05:09:34,440 THIS CAME IN NOT AT THE LAST 7076 05:09:34,440 --> 05:09:36,560 MINUTE BUT NOT WITH ADVANCE 7077 05:09:36,560 --> 05:09:38,360 PLANNING WE SET UP CONCEPTS, 7078 05:09:38,360 --> 05:09:39,800 VERY WELL DEVELOPED AND VERY 7079 05:09:39,800 --> 05:09:42,360 EFFECTIVE AND I THINK IMPORTANT 7080 05:09:42,360 --> 05:09:44,080 TO ADDRESS. 7081 05:09:44,080 --> 05:09:47,160 IT HAS BEEN PERVASIVE, THE 7082 05:09:47,160 --> 05:09:49,120 MISINFORMATION FOR DECADES, AND 7083 05:09:49,120 --> 05:09:51,280 I THINK COVID AGAIN HAS UNVEILED 7084 05:09:51,280 --> 05:09:54,240 HOW MUCH DAMAGE IT CAN DO. 7085 05:09:54,240 --> 05:09:56,200 BUT I SUSPECT THAT SOME OF YOU 7086 05:09:56,200 --> 05:09:59,280 ARE OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER SOME 7087 05:09:59,280 --> 05:10:01,440 OF THE MISINFORMATION THAT WAS 7088 05:10:01,440 --> 05:10:04,520 RAMPANT IN THE 1980s ABOUT 7089 05:10:04,520 --> 05:10:08,080 HIV/AIDS, THAT FOR THE MOST PART 7090 05:10:08,080 --> 05:10:12,360 WAS, YOU KNOW, SCIENTIFICALLY WE 7091 05:10:12,360 --> 05:10:16,040 COULD DISMISS AS NOT MAINSTREAM 7092 05:10:16,040 --> 05:10:18,640 AND BECAUSE THE DISEASE WAS NOT 7093 05:10:18,640 --> 05:10:21,080 TRANSMITTED IN THE WAY THAT 7094 05:10:21,080 --> 05:10:24,400 COVID IS, BY RESPIRATORY CASUAL 7095 05:10:24,400 --> 05:10:25,360 CONTACT, AND IT BECAME EASY 7096 05:10:25,360 --> 05:10:29,960 ISSUE -- EASIER FOR PEOPLE NOT 7097 05:10:29,960 --> 05:10:31,760 TO THINK ABOUT IT THERE WERE 7098 05:10:31,760 --> 05:10:33,360 QUITE A FEW CONSPIRACY THEORIES 7099 05:10:33,360 --> 05:10:35,800 AND OTHER FACTORS THAT PLAYED UP 7100 05:10:35,800 --> 05:10:40,120 IN THOSE DAYS AS WELL. 7101 05:10:40,120 --> 05:10:43,280 I ALSO APPRECIATE ALL THE 7102 05:10:43,280 --> 05:10:46,480 PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS. 7103 05:10:46,480 --> 05:10:48,880 I THINK WE LEARNED A LOT ABOUT 7104 05:10:48,880 --> 05:10:52,000 OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS NIH AS WELL 7105 05:10:52,000 --> 05:10:53,720 AS ABOUT THE NATIVE HAWAIIAN 7106 05:10:53,720 --> 05:10:57,600 WORK AND WORK IN THE ARKANSAS 7107 05:10:57,600 --> 05:10:57,960 DELTA. 7108 05:10:57,960 --> 05:10:59,840 YOU HEARD ABOUT THE INCLUSION 7109 05:10:59,840 --> 05:11:00,080 REPORT. 7110 05:11:00,080 --> 05:11:04,040 I THINK THERE'S WORK TO BE DONE 7111 05:11:04,040 --> 05:11:05,000 THERE. 7112 05:11:05,000 --> 05:11:07,160 AND CERTAINLY WELCOME THAT YOU 7113 05:11:07,160 --> 05:11:10,520 TRANSMIT YOUR THOUGHTS TO US. 7114 05:11:10,520 --> 05:11:13,960 IT HAS BEEN A LONG DAY, BUT A 7115 05:11:13,960 --> 05:11:15,880 VERY PRODUCTIVE AND GOOD DAY. 7116 05:11:15,880 --> 05:11:18,640 I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE WELCOMED 7117 05:11:18,640 --> 05:11:22,520 NEW MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL FULLY 7118 05:11:22,520 --> 05:11:24,720 VETTED AND WILL HOPEFULLY HAVE 7119 05:11:24,720 --> 05:11:28,240 FULLY VETTED MEMBERS FOR THE MAY 7120 05:11:28,240 --> 05:11:29,600 COUNCIL. 7121 05:11:29,600 --> 05:11:32,160 UNTIL THEN, HOPEFULLY YOU'LL 7122 05:11:32,160 --> 05:11:33,800 STAY SAFE AND PERHAPS IN MAY 7123 05:11:33,800 --> 05:11:35,160 WE'LL BE SEEING CASE RATES GO 7124 05:11:35,160 --> 05:11:38,000 WAY DOWN AND WE'LL BE TALKING 7125 05:11:38,000 --> 05:11:40,440 AGAIN ABOUT IN-PERSON MEETING IN 7126 05:11:40,440 --> 05:11:40,720 SEPTEMBER. 7127 05:11:40,720 --> 05:11:41,760 LET'S BE OPTIMISTIC. 7128 05:11:41,760 --> 05:11:44,240 ALL RIGHT. 7129 05:11:44,240 --> 05:11:48,600 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 7130 05:11:48,600 --> 00:00:00,000 HAVE A GREAT WEEKEND.