1 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:10,560 >>WELCOME TO THE NIDCD NIA 2 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:13,360 WEBINAR, I'M SHARING OUR SCIENCE 3 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:15,520 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED 4 00:00:15,520 --> 00:00:16,920 DEMENTIAS. WE ARE HAPPY TO HAVE 5 00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:17,680 EVERYONE HERE WITH US THIS 6 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:20,480 AFTERNOON. AND WITHOUT FURTHER 7 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:22,480 ADIEU, I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME 8 00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:24,840 OUR DIRECTOR DR. DEB TUCCI TO 9 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:26,680 GIVE US A LITTLE BIT OF AN 10 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:27,480 INTRODUCTION. THANK YOU. 11 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:30,520 >> THANK YOU, AMY. WELCOME, 12 00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:34,280 EVERYONE TO THE NIDCD NIA 13 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:36,200 COLLABORATIVE WEBINAR, SHARING 14 00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:37,920 OUR SCIENCE, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 15 00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:40,360 AND RELATED DEMENTIAS. I AM 16 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:43,080 REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THIS 17 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:43,840 AFTERNOON'S PROGRAM AND THANK 18 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:47,080 YOU ALL FOR JOINING. SO 19 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:47,880 COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN OUR TWO 20 00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:49,960 INSTITUTES GO BACK A LONG WAY, 21 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,840 PRE-DATING MY TIME AS DIRECTOR 22 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:55,280 OF THE NIDCD. OUR SHARED 23 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:56,680 INTEREST IN AGE RELATED HEARING 24 00:00:56,680 --> 00:00:58,480 LOSS LED US TO ISSUE A JOINT 25 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:03,360 REQUEST FOR APPLICATIONS OR RFA 26 00:01:03,360 --> 00:01:05,520 IN 2017. THIS RFA RESULTED IN 27 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:07,480 MULTIPLE GRANT AWARDS TOTALING 28 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:09,720 MORE THAN $2 MILLION IN 29 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:11,080 SPENDING, THIS WORK WAS FOCUSED 30 00:01:11,080 --> 00:01:12,880 ON RESEARCH RELATED TO CHANGES 31 00:01:12,880 --> 00:01:15,040 IN THE CENTRAL PATHWAYS AND 32 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:17,080 NEURAL NETWORKS INVOLVED IN AGE 33 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:20,320 RELATED HEARING LOSS. THE 34 00:01:20,320 --> 00:01:21,480 SUCCESS OF THAT PROGRAM THEN LED 35 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:24,120 US TO ANOTHER JOINT RFA THAT WAS 36 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:27,880 ISSUED IN 2020. THIS TIME ON 37 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:29,880 BALANCE CONTROL IN OLDER ADULTS. 38 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:32,480 THESE AWARDS AMOUNTED TO MORE 39 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:34,720 THAN 5 1/2 MILLION DOLLARS IN 40 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:36,240 TOTAL COST AND WE EXPECT THAT 41 00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:38,480 THEY WILL PROVIDE IMPORTANT 42 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:39,880 INSIGHTS THAT CAN LEAD TO 43 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:41,400 IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE IN THIS 44 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:45,000 POPULATION. A SHARED INTEREST 45 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:46,800 BETWEEN OUR TWO INSTITUTES ARE 46 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:48,600 RELATED NOT ONLY TO HEARING LOSS 47 00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:50,840 AND BALANCE DISORDERS BUT TO ALL 48 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:52,560 OUR MISSION AREAS AS WE WILL 49 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:54,080 HEAR MORE ABOUT TODAY. 50 00:01:54,080 --> 00:01:56,600 THE FUNDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE 51 00:01:56,600 --> 00:01:59,400 SUPPLEMENTS BY THE NIA HAS 52 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:01,200 PROVIDED THE OPPORTUNITY FOR OUR 53 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:04,080 NIDCD INVESTIGATORS TO EXTEND 54 00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:06,680 THEIR RESEARCH INTO NEW 55 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:08,760 IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST. 56 00:02:08,760 --> 00:02:10,360 THIS WORKSHOP WAS DEVELOPED AS A 57 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:12,960 WAY FOR THE NIDCD AND OUR 58 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,240 RESEARCH COMMUNITY AND THE NIA 59 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:16,960 TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE SCIENCE 60 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,960 AND THE -- AT THE NIA 61 00:02:19,960 --> 00:02:21,560 SUPPLEMENTS FOSTER AND INCREASE 62 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:23,000 COMMUNICATION AND HOPEFULLY 63 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:23,960 SPARK FURTHER WORK AND 64 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:26,360 COLLABORATION. NEXT SLIDE 65 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:30,560 PLEASE. 66 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:32,480 I AM MOST GRATEFUL TO THOSE 67 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:34,560 SHOWN ON THIS SLIDE WHO HAVE 68 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:35,760 WORKED TOGETHER TO PUT TOGETHER 69 00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:39,280 THIS EXCITING SYMPOSIUM AND NOW 70 00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:40,920 I WILL TURN OVER THE MICROPHONE 71 00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:43,080 TO OUR NIA COLLEAGUES. THANK 72 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:43,800 YOU. 73 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:50,240 >> I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME DR. 74 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:54,160 RENE ETCHEBERRIGARAY FROM NIA, 75 00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:59,680 WHO IS THE 76 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:02,160 DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR TO THE 77 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:03,560 SCIENCE -- SENIOR SCIENTIFIC 78 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:05,760 ADVISOR TO THE DIRECTOR FOR NIA. 79 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:06,800 RENE. 80 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:09,240 >> THANK YOU, AMY. PLEASE COULD 81 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:13,440 I HAVE MY FIRST SLIDE. GOOD 82 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,360 AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. I AM RENE 83 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,040 ETCHEBERRIGARAY FROM THE 84 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:17,520 DIVISION OF EXTRAMURAL 85 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:20,000 ACTIVITIES. OFFICE WHERE WHERE 86 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:21,520 THIS PROGRAM IS COORDINATED FOR 87 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:24,440 OUR INSTITUTE BUT ALSO ACROSS 88 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:28,480 THE NIH. SO TODAY I WILL GIVE 89 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:32,840 YOU A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THIS 90 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:34,520 SUPPLEMENTS PROGRAM FOR GRANTS 91 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:37,520 THAT ARE NOT INITIALLY FOCUS ON 92 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:39,160 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. I WILL SHOW 93 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:41,880 YOU SOME OF THE RECENT DATA FROM 94 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:44,120 THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS AND 95 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:45,280 FINALLY SOME OF THE INITIAL 96 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:51,000 ANALYSIS ABOUT THE PROGRAM. SO 97 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:52,360 THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS PROGRAM 98 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:56,280 WAS CONCEIVED SEVERAL YEARS AGO 99 00:03:56,280 --> 00:04:01,000 PRIMARILY BY ROBIN BARR AT THE 100 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:02,760 NIA TO ATTRACT INVESTIGATORS 101 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:05,240 IDEAS METHODOLOGIES, INNOVATIONS 102 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:07,320 FROM OTHER FIELDS IN TO THE 103 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:08,920 ALZHEIMER'S AND ALZHEIMER'S 104 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:10,560 RELATED DEMENTIA RESEARCH. THE 105 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:13,240 PROGRAM STARTED BACK IN 2017 AS 106 00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:16,400 PILOT BUT AT THAT TIME ONLY FOR 107 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:18,400 NIA GRANTEES AND RAPIDLY 108 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:20,560 EXPANDED AND INCLUDED INSTITUTES 109 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:23,320 FROM THE BROADER NIH STARTING IN 110 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:26,680 2018. THE PROGRAM HAS RAN 111 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:29,520 CONSECUTIVELY THROUGH FISCAL 112 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:31,960 YEAR 22. WITH A GREAT DEAL OF 113 00:04:31,960 --> 00:04:35,040 INTEREST FROM NOT ONLY OUR 114 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:36,360 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY BUT ALSO 115 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:37,800 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY OF THE NIH 116 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:43,120 AS A WHOLE. WE HAVE HAD 117 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:44,720 PARTICIPATION OF AT LEAST 23 118 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:45,200 DIFFERENT INSTITUTES AND 119 00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:50,600 CENTERS. THE LATEST NOTICE IS 120 00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:54,280 THE ONE RELEASED BACK IN JUNE OF 121 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:56,960 21, WE ARE IN THE PROCESS OF 122 00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:59,280 FINALIZING REVIEWS. WE RECEIVE 123 00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:01,760 TOTAL AT NIH 288 APPLICATIONS, 124 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:03,200 THAT'S A LITTLE BIT LESS THAN 125 00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:06,480 LAST YEAR. NIA ITSELF GOT ABOUT 126 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:08,800 THE SAME NUMBER 45 VERSUS 50 127 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:12,920 PREVIOUS YEAR. SO THE NUMBERS 128 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:16,840 AND INTEREST REMAIN ALMOST 129 00:05:16,840 --> 00:05:17,880 (INAUDIBLE). AS YU KNOW AS YOU 130 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:20,560 ARE RECEIVING THESE AWARDS. SO 131 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:22,200 JUST TO GIVE YOU A GENERAL SENSE 132 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:25,840 OF HOW THIS HAS BEEN EVOLVING, 133 00:05:25,840 --> 00:05:30,040 STARTING IN FISCAL YEAR 20, 21, 134 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:31,600 22, YOU CAN SEE WE HAD A 135 00:05:31,600 --> 00:05:32,760 SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE NUMBER OF 136 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:36,120 APPLICANTS IN THE INITIAL 137 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:39,120 PHASES. IN -- BUT THE NUMBER OF 138 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:43,120 AND PROPORTION OF GRANTS FUNDED 139 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:47,160 HAS REMAINED STRONG. AS YOU CAN 140 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:53,600 SEE IN THE THIRD BAR, WE WENT 141 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:55,720 FROM 283 APPLICATIONS FUNDED 142 00:05:55,720 --> 00:06:00,360 ACROSS THE ENTIRE NIH AND WE 143 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:03,160 WENT DOWN TO ABOUT 300 IN LAST 144 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:06,560 YEAR THIS PROCESS WAS COMPLETED. 145 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:08,560 THE INVESTMENT HAS REMAINED 146 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:10,360 RELATIVELY CONSTANT, IT HAS 147 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:14,440 VARIED BETWEEN ABOUT $92 MILLION 148 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:18,120 TO $105 MILLION. SO THIS HAS A 149 00:06:18,120 --> 00:06:20,480 LOT OF SUPPORT FROM OUR 150 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:22,760 LEADERSHIP. AND WE HOPE TO 151 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:24,160 CONTINUE WITH THIS PROGRAM. WE 152 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:25,720 DO NEED TO COMPLETE A MORE 153 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:28,240 DETAIL ANALYSIS ON THE SUCCESS 154 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:29,560 BUT EARLY INDICATION THIS 155 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:31,120 PROGRAM HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL. 156 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:34,640 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. THIS IS JUST 157 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:37,280 TO SHOW YOU THE NIH SPECIFIC 158 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:40,400 NUMBERS. SO WE CAN GO TO MY LAST 159 00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:42,160 SLIDE I BELIEVE. JUST TO GIVE 160 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:43,960 YOU A SENSE OF THE SUCCESS, WELL 161 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:47,600 THE FIRST OBJECTIVE ATTRACTING 162 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:49,920 PEOPLE NEW TO THE FIELD IS VERY 163 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:52,560 CLEAR. WE HAVE OVER 65% IN SOME 164 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:56,040 YEARS MORE THAN 70% INDIVIDUALS 165 00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:57,880 THAT ARE NOT -- THAT ARE NEW TO 166 00:06:57,880 --> 00:06:59,560 THE ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH FIELD. 167 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:01,280 SO THAT OBJECTIVE IS I THINK A 168 00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:05,720 VERY, VERY CLEARLY ACCOMPLISHED 169 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:08,560 IN THE OTHER OBJECTIVE TO SEE IF 170 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,840 INDIVIDUALS APPLY FOR 171 00:07:11,840 --> 00:07:13,440 ALZHEIMER'S GRANT TO NIA OR 172 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:15,120 NINDS OR ANY OTHER INSTITUTE 173 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:17,440 THAT DIRECTLY FUNDS DEMENTIA 174 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:21,080 RESEARCH. AS NOT BEEN 175 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:23,160 OVERWHELMING. BUT THE PEOPLE WHO 176 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:24,560 DO SUBMIT, MAYBE THIS IS TOO 177 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:26,560 SOON, THAT IS WHY WE HAVEN'T 178 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:28,200 SEEN ENOUGH SUBMISSION BUT THE 179 00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:29,960 PEOPLE WHO DO SUBMIT HAVE A HIGH 180 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:33,040 SUCCESS RATE. AS YOU CAN SEE, 181 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:35,320 IN THE LAST YEAR WE HAVE FULL 182 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:38,360 NUMBERS YEAR 2018 TO THIS WAS 183 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:40,280 THE FIRST YEAR OF THE PROGRAM -- 184 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:41,680 THIRD YEAR OF THE PROGRAM ACROSS 185 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:43,840 THE NIH. THE PEOPLE GET THE 186 00:07:43,840 --> 00:07:45,120 PRELIMINARY DATA THEY NEED WITH 187 00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:46,960 SUPPLEMENTS AND THE ONE WHOSE 188 00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:48,760 ARE ABLE TO SUBMIT -- ONES WHO 189 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:52,320 ARE ABLE TO SUBMIT A GRANT VERY 190 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:54,480 SUCCESSFUL AND WE MOPE HAS BEEN 191 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:57,160 PROVEN BY LIST OF PRESENTATIONS 192 00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:00,040 HAVE TAKEN GOOD ADVANTAGE OF 193 00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:01,800 THIS PROGRAM AND HAVE BEEN 194 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:06,520 SUCCESSFUL. I WILL CONCLUDE BY 195 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,560 THANKING YOU ON BEAFTER OF NIA 196 00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:10,040 AND NIH BECAUSE OF YOUR PART OF 197 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:11,240 THIS SUCCESS OF THIS PROGRAM AND 198 00:08:11,240 --> 00:08:14,240 WE HOPE THAT YOU CONTINUE TO 199 00:08:14,240 --> 00:08:16,440 INTRODUCE YOUR IDEAS FROM OTHER 200 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:19,000 FIELDS IN TO THE ALZHEIMER'S AND 201 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:28,200 DEMENTIA RESEARCH. THANK YOU. 202 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:31,240 >> THANK YOU, RENE. WE ARE 203 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,000 GRATEFUL TO THIS INSTITUTE, WE 204 00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:34,440 HAD 70 GROUPS THAT RECEIVED 205 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:35,760 SUPPLEMENTS AND WE WILL HAVE A 206 00:08:35,760 --> 00:08:36,840 SUBSET TODAY WHO WILL PRESENT 207 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:38,520 HAIR WORK AND SHARE THEIR 208 00:08:38,520 --> 00:08:41,000 SCIENCE WITH US. WE HOPE THIS 209 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:42,400 FURTHERS THE SCIENCE, FURTHERS 210 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:44,440 POSSIBILITIES FOR COLLABORATION, 211 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:45,560 GIVES A GOOD IDEA OF THE 212 00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:46,640 CHALLENGES THAT YOU FACED WHILE 213 00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:49,000 WE HAVE THE DISCUSSIONS AND THE 214 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:52,160 LESSONS LEARNED. SO ADVANCE THE 215 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:54,800 SLIDE PLEASE. JUST QUICKLY, THE 216 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:57,400 OVERALL AGENDA IS SPLIT INTO 217 00:08:57,400 --> 00:08:58,960 PRIMARILY ANIMAL STUDIES, THOUGH 218 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:01,360 WE HAVE SOME HUMAN WORK FIT INTO 219 00:09:01,360 --> 00:09:02,760 THIS AS WELL BY SUBJECT MATTER 220 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:04,680 AND WE WILL HAVE SHORT FIVE 221 00:09:04,680 --> 00:09:06,880 MINUTE TALKS BY EACH PERSON 222 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:08,720 LISTED AND THEN DISCUSSION LED 223 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:11,120 BY SUSAN SULLIVAN FOR 20 MINUTES 224 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,160 AFTERWARDS. THEN SESSION 2 IS ON 225 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:14,840 HUMAN STUDIES. WE HAVE PEOPLE 226 00:09:14,840 --> 00:09:16,480 DOING BOTH AND THAT WILL LAST A 227 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:17,680 LITTLE BIT LONGER, WE HAVE A FEW 228 00:09:17,680 --> 00:09:19,360 MORE PRESENTERS, 25 IN ALL 229 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:21,960 TODAY. AND THEN DISCUSSION FOR 230 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:23,600 20 MINUTES ON HUMAN 231 00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:24,680 INTERACTIONS, AND AFTER A BREAK 232 00:09:24,680 --> 00:09:26,480 WE WILL END OUR DAY ON 233 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:28,960 DISCUSSION ON THE FUTURE 234 00:09:28,960 --> 00:09:31,600 DIRECTIONS AND THERE ARE THREE 235 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:32,560 QUESTIONS SENT TO PARTICIPANTS 236 00:09:32,560 --> 00:09:35,040 TO THINK ABOUT AHEAD OF TIME AND 237 00:09:35,040 --> 00:09:37,680 WE HOPE THAT WE CAN LEARN MORE 238 00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:39,800 ABOUT THOSE SORTS OF THINGS, 239 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:40,760 CHALLENGE, LESSONS LEARNED, 240 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:43,280 WHERE WE ARE GOING NEXT. NEXT 241 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:48,160 SLIDE. SO JUST A FEW OVERALL 242 00:09:48,160 --> 00:09:49,760 THINGS. AS I MENTION WE ARE ARE 243 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:51,080 VERY QUICK TODAY WITH FIVE 244 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:52,240 MINUTES TOTAL FOR SPEAKER, WE 245 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:53,680 ASK ABOUT THREE MINUTES OF 246 00:09:53,680 --> 00:09:54,880 PRESENTATION AND TWO MINUTES FOR 247 00:09:54,880 --> 00:09:56,360 QUESTIONS IF TIME ALLOWS, IF YOU 248 00:09:56,360 --> 00:09:58,200 TAKE YOUR FULL FIVE MINUTES WE 249 00:09:58,200 --> 00:09:59,360 WILL ASK THEN THAT WE MOVE TO 250 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:02,600 THE NEXT PRESENTER. WHERE MY 251 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:03,840 VIDEO IS THERE WILL BE A COUNT 252 00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:05,560 DOWN CLOCK, I WILL SAY TWO 253 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:07,240 MINUTES QUIETLY SO THAT YOU HAVE 254 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:09,240 SOME IDEA WHEN TWO MINUTES IS 255 00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:11,560 OBSERVED. IF YOU WANT TO THE PIN 256 00:10:11,560 --> 00:10:16,120 SOMEONE'S VIDEO, THE SPEAKER OR 257 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:17,720 TIME CLOCK OR ASL INTERPRETER 258 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:19,360 YOU CAN DO SO BY HOVERING OVER 259 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:21,720 THE THREE DOTS ON YOUR -- ON 260 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:22,800 THEIR VIDEO SCREEN AND IT WILL 261 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:24,760 GIVE YOU THE OPTION TO PIN THAT 262 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:26,160 VIDEO TO THE TOP OF YOUR VIEW IF 263 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:30,920 YOU WOULD LIKE. WE WILL ADVANCE 264 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:32,320 YOUR SLIDES AS SOON AS WE SAY 265 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:35,240 ADVANCE WHEN TIME COMINGS FOR 266 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:38,200 THAT. WE WANT YOU TO ENTER YOUR 267 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:40,120 QUESTIONS ON CHAT WE WILL KEEP 268 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,360 AN EYE ON THE CHAT FEATURE AND 269 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:43,360 AT THE END I MODERATE THE FIRST 270 00:10:43,360 --> 00:10:44,760 SESSION, I WILL BRING UP THE 271 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:45,800 FIRST QUESTION AFTERWARDS IF WE 272 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:47,280 HAVE TIME. WE DON'T HAVE TIME WE 273 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:49,720 CAN DO IT DURING THE DISCUSSION 274 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:51,080 OR PERHAPS YOU CAN CONTACT THE 275 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:53,160 SPEAKER AFTER THE WEBINAR. WE 276 00:10:53,160 --> 00:10:54,520 ARE RECORDING OF COURSE TODAY 277 00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:55,960 AND IT WILL BE PUT UP FOR LATER 278 00:10:55,960 --> 00:10:58,040 VIEWING SO YOU CAN ALSO DO THAT 279 00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:00,800 AS WELL. WE INVITE OUR ZOOM 280 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:02,640 PARTICIPANTS WHO HAD THE ZOOM 281 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:04,760 LINK TO PRESENT THEIR QUESTIONS 282 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:06,320 DURING THE CHAT OR DISCUSSIONS. 283 00:11:06,320 --> 00:11:10,720 NEXT SLIDE. SO WE WANT TO AGAIN 284 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:13,480 THANK ALL OUR SPEAKERS AND 285 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:14,560 PARTICIPANTS, THIS IS THE FIRST 286 00:11:14,560 --> 00:11:16,680 TIME WE PULLED TOGETHER OUR 287 00:11:16,680 --> 00:11:17,720 SUPPLEMENT RECIPIENTS FROM THE 288 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,560 AD PROGRAM TO DO THIS. AND SO WE 289 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:22,440 ARE INTEREST IN THERE IS SUCH A 290 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:23,440 WIDE BREADTH OF INFORMATION BUT 291 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:24,760 WE ALSO KNOW THERE IS PROBABLY 292 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:27,560 OVERLAPS IN RESEARCH AS WELL. WE 293 00:11:27,560 --> 00:11:29,200 HOPE WE CAN FOSTER THAT 294 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:35,080 COLLABORATION AS WE GO ALONG. SO 295 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:38,160 PLEASE MUTE YOUR MIC, TURN OFF 296 00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:39,000 VIDEO UNLESS YOU ARE PRESENTING 297 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:41,280 OR DISCUSSING, DURING THE 298 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,440 DISCUSSION PEOPLE TURN ON VIDEOS 299 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:46,960 FOR THAT, AND IF HAPPEN TO BE 300 00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:48,760 RUNNING -- IT IS HELPFUL TO TURN 301 00:11:48,760 --> 00:11:50,640 THAT OFF AS WELL. SO NOW 302 00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:51,960 WITHOUT FURTHER ADIEU, WE WILL 303 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:55,080 START SESSION ONE ON ANIMAL 304 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:56,480 MODELS, KELLY KING WILL BRING 305 00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:58,040 DR. CELLRY KING WILL BRING UP 306 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:01,560 THE SLIDES FOR US. OUR FIRST 307 00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:05,640 PRESENTER IS DR. RON YU FROM 308 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:06,360 SOURCE INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL 309 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:13,240 RESEARCH. RON. 310 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:15,200 >> NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. I FEEL 311 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:18,760 VERY PLEASED TO JOIN THIS 312 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:20,200 DISCUSSION WITH EVERYONE. SO 313 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:23,760 BECAUSE I'M FIRST SPEAKER OF THE 314 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,080 OLFACTORY SYSTEM I WILL TALK 315 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:28,400 ABOUT STRONG CORRELATION BETWEEN 316 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:31,360 THE OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION AND 317 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:32,760 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS 318 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,720 MANIFESTATION IN OLFACTORY LOSS 319 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:36,520 PRECEDES THE FULL MANIFESTATION 320 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:42,120 OF AD. THE BRAIN AREAS IS 321 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:43,800 ACTUALLY INVOLVE AND CORTEX HAVE 322 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:45,160 SHOWN PATHOLOGY. THESE CELLS 323 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:47,480 THAT WE ARE LOOKING AT STUDYING 324 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:50,520 IS IN THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM, 325 00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:58,320 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. SO IN 326 00:12:58,320 --> 00:12:59,600 COLLABORATION WE FOUND THAT 327 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:02,240 EXPRESS MUTANT FORM OF APP EVEN 328 00:13:02,240 --> 00:13:06,160 IN ABOUT 10% OF THE CELL ARE 329 00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:08,000 ABLE TO -- IS ABLE TO DISRUPT 330 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:09,920 PROJECTION PATTERN OF AXONS AND 331 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:13,200 THAT ALSO REDUCE THE AUTOIMMUNE 332 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,080 RESPONSE SO WE WANT TO FIND OUT 333 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:18,160 IS THE NORMAL PATHOLOGY -- 334 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:20,360 NORMAL FUNCTION OF ATP AND ITS 335 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:21,680 INTERACTING PARTNERS IN 336 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:23,760 OLFACTORY SENSORY NEURONS. NEXT 337 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,920 SLIDE PLEASE. SO THE IDEA IS 338 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:29,680 USING THIS APEX 2 PROM 339 00:13:29,680 --> 00:13:30,360 SIMILARITY LABELING TO CONDUCT 340 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:34,320 PROTEOME ANALYSIS. SO APEX 2 CAN 341 00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:39,040 LABEL IS DIFFUSED TO PROTEIN AND 342 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:42,560 LABEL PARTNERS TEN NANOMETER 343 00:13:42,560 --> 00:13:45,360 RADIUS. WE WANT TO DIFFUSE WILD 344 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:46,520 TYPE A TEXTP AND MUTANT AS WELL 345 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:50,520 AS A BETA AND 42 TO APEX 2 TO 346 00:13:50,520 --> 00:13:54,000 EXPRESS SENSORY NEURONS. NEXT 347 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:56,360 SLIDE. SO WE CONSTRUCTED THOSE 348 00:13:56,360 --> 00:13:58,960 ADENOVIRUSES CARRYING THOSE FUSE 349 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:01,480 PROTEINS AND THEN INJECTING TO 350 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:04,480 THE OLFACTORY INTO THE NOSE, SO 351 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:07,600 THAT CELLS WILL INFECT. THEN WE 352 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:09,960 PERFORM IN VIVO LABELING SO THAT 353 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,560 IS A LIVE TISSUE LABELING TO 354 00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:15,760 LABEL OUR CELLS ALL PROTEINS 355 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:17,280 PROXIMAL TO THE TARGETED 356 00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:23,120 PROTEIN. THEN WE WILL CONDUCT 357 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:25,360 QUANTITATIVE MASS SPEC 358 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:29,360 EXPERIMENTS TO IDENTIFY PROTEINS 359 00:14:29,360 --> 00:14:30,760 PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS THAT ARE 360 00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:32,840 INTERACTING WITH. NEXT SLIDE 361 00:14:32,840 --> 00:14:35,280 PLEASE. WE CAN SKIP THIS 362 00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:38,960 QUANTITATIVE METHOD ON THAT. SO 363 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:41,680 VERY QUICKLY SHOW SOME DATA WE 364 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:45,120 HAVE COLLECTED, THIS IS A 365 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,760 ENRICHED A BETA 42 INTERACTING 366 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:51,160 PROTEIN OVER A BETA 40 THAT WE 367 00:14:51,160 --> 00:14:56,280 HAVE FOUND OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM. 368 00:14:56,280 --> 00:14:58,600 WE FUND THAT IN THIS PART THAT 369 00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:04,200 THERE IS A HEAVY PRESENTATION OF 370 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:05,560 PROTEOSOME ASSOCIATED WITH IT. 371 00:15:05,560 --> 00:15:08,600 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. THESE ARE 372 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:14,040 THE PREDOMINANT PROTEOSOME 373 00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:16,320 SUBUNITS THAT CONSTITUTE IF 374 00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:17,880 PROTEOSOME AND SO THIS RESULT 375 00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:20,680 INDICATE THAT A BETA 42 IS 376 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:23,160 PREFERENTIALLY DESTINED TO THE 377 00:15:23,160 --> 00:15:24,280 PROTEOSOME. SO WHAT WE ARE 378 00:15:24,280 --> 00:15:28,280 TRYING TO DO NOW IS TO FURTHER 379 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:29,840 INVESTIGATE OTHER PROTEIN 380 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:31,360 DIRECTING PARTNERS AS WELL AS 381 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:34,360 USING STRATEGY TO EXPRESS THESE 382 00:15:34,360 --> 00:15:35,960 FUSION PROTEINS ALSO IN THE 383 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:37,640 BRAIN AND TO IDENTIFY THOSE 384 00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:44,760 INTERACTING PARTNERS. IN BOTH 385 00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:51,040 NORMAL AN CONDITIONS. SO THIS IS 386 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:52,960 THE FUNNING SOURCE FROM THE 387 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:55,120 NIDCD THE PARENT GRANT, AND WE 388 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:57,680 THANK NIA FOR SUPPORTING THIS. 389 00:15:57,680 --> 00:15:59,360 THIS IS SUPPORTING STAFF AND JAY 390 00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:03,040 IS THE ONE WHO DID ALL THE WORK. 391 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:07,000 UNFORTUNATELY I CAN'T STAY FOR 392 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,560 PANEL DISCUSSION BUT JAY IS 393 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:09,360 AVAILABLE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS. 394 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:10,480 SO I HAVE ONE MINUTE TO ANSWER 395 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:12,920 ANY QUESTIONS THAT YOU HAVE. 396 00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:13,760 THANK YOU. 397 00:16:13,760 --> 00:16:16,360 >> THANKS, RON. THANK YOU VERY 398 00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:17,720 MUCH. WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP? I 399 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:19,480 THINK THAT IS WHAT WE MIGHT ASK 400 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:21,640 AT THE END IF YOU WERE STAYING 401 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:23,560 DISCUSSION. 402 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,960 >> SO WE WANT -- A LOT OF 403 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:28,480 ALZHEIMER'S MANIFESTATION IS IN 404 00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:33,960 THE BRAIN SO WE WANT TO PUT THE 405 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:37,120 SIMILAR CONSTRUCT IN TO MAKING 406 00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:39,080 TRANSGENIC MICE SO WE CAN STUDY 407 00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:42,160 INTERACTING PARTNERS IN THE 408 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:43,360 BRAIN WHERE THE PATHOLOGY 409 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:47,120 USUALLY APPEARS. SHORT ANSWER TO 410 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:47,560 THAT. 411 00:16:47,560 --> 00:16:49,480 >> THANK YOU. AND ANY CHALLENGES 412 00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:51,120 YOU THINK FOR THE FUTURE? 413 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:53,640 >> YEAH, THERE IS A LOT OF 414 00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:55,120 TECHNICAL CHALLENGES, BECAUSE WE 415 00:16:55,120 --> 00:16:58,160 ARE DOING IN VIVO EXPERIMENTS 416 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:00,120 AND WE HAVE TO KEEP CELLS ALIVE 417 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:01,480 SO THAT WE ARE NOT IDENTIFYING 418 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:05,360 PROTEINS THAT ARE COMING FROM 419 00:17:05,360 --> 00:17:07,120 TISSUE DAMAGE AND GENERATING 420 00:17:07,120 --> 00:17:10,320 TRANSGENIC ANIMALS, WILL BE 421 00:17:10,320 --> 00:17:14,480 CAUSING ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES 422 00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:16,720 NOT TOO MUCH BUT WE CAN DO IT. 423 00:17:16,720 --> 00:17:19,360 >> OKAY. ALL RIGHT. THANKS, RON. 424 00:17:19,360 --> 00:17:21,160 THANKS FOR BEING THE FIRST UP. 425 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:26,600 APPRECIATE IT. OKAY. NEXT WE 426 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:30,040 HAVE DR. DEE YEAH GO RESTREPO, 427 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:34,440 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. 428 00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:36,520 >> THANK YOU. I WANT TO THANK 429 00:17:36,520 --> 00:17:38,880 YOU FOR ORGANIZING THE WEBINAR 430 00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:41,680 AND FOR THE FUNDING HAS RESULTED 431 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:43,080 IN RO1 APPLICATION AND WE ARE 432 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:47,200 SENDING THE PAPER LATER THIS 433 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:48,960 MONTHMONTH. AND DOCK TO, YOU 434 00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:51,080 INDICATED THE LOSS OF OLFACTION 435 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:53,040 IS FAIRLY SYMPTOM OF 436 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:55,320 ALZHEIMER'S. NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 437 00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,920 WHAT WE ARE DOING IS STUDYING 438 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,120 FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S. THIS IS IS 439 00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:03,760 WORLD LARGEST COHORT, THEY HAVE 440 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:05,160 MUTATION, THEY HAVE DEPOSITS OF 441 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:08,520 BETA AMYLOID AND THEY GET 442 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:09,680 ALZHEIMER'S ABOUT 45 TO 50 YEARS 443 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:12,880 OLD. WHAT WE ARE DOING IS 444 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:18,560 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS. WHAT WE 445 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:21,280 ARE DOING IS A TECHNIQUE TO DO 446 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:25,080 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS WITH FFPE 447 00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:26,760 TISSUE SECTIONS. AND WE ARE 448 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:28,680 INTERESTED IN THE INITIAL PART 449 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:29,720 OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM IN 450 00:18:29,720 --> 00:18:32,360 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. WHICH IS 451 00:18:32,360 --> 00:18:33,920 OLFACTORY BULB AND THEN THE 452 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:35,520 OLFACTORY TRACT THAT TAKES THE 453 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:37,720 SIGNAL WITH TWO SYNAPSES TO 454 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:38,640 HIPPOCAMPUS WHICH IS IMPORTANT 455 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:40,960 IN LEARNING AND MEMORY. YOU SEE 456 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:45,120 AT THE TOP THERE. WHAT WE FOUND 457 00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:46,880 INITIAL IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY 458 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:48,640 STUDIES SHOWN HERE IS THAT THERE 459 00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:51,280 IS AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW 460 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:52,400 MYELINATION IN THE OLFACTORY 461 00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:54,160 TRACT WHICH IS INTERESTING. THAT 462 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:58,560 WE FIND IN BOTH ALZHEIMER'S FAD 463 00:18:58,560 --> 00:19:01,120 AND CONTROLS. AGE MATCHED. AS 464 00:19:01,120 --> 00:19:02,480 EXPECTED WE FIND THEY HAVE 465 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:10,440 HIGHER BETA AMYLOID POSITION. 466 00:19:10,440 --> 00:19:11,600 WHICH ALSO FOUND EXPECTED 467 00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:13,920 INCREASE 1, 68 INDICATING 468 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:20,480 INFLAMMATION IN OLFACTORY TRACT. TRACT. 469 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:23,640 AND WE DID THE TEMPO SEQ 470 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:30,520 ANALYSIS WE FOUND YOU SEE ON THE 471 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:32,760 VOLCANO PLOT SIMILAR CAN'T AND 472 00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:34,160 LARGE NUMBER OF SEQUENCES IN THE 473 00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:36,160 OLFACTORY BULB. BUT WHAT IS 474 00:19:36,160 --> 00:19:37,560 INTERESTING ON THE LEFT SIDE YU 475 00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:39,040 SEE THE OLFACTORY TRACT IN 476 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:41,320 GENETIC PATHWAY ANALYSIS. AND 477 00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:44,000 THAT ONE YOU FIND AMYLOID 478 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,840 PROCESSING. MAKE SENSE BUT YOU 479 00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:48,520 ALSO FIND INFLAMMATION, 480 00:19:48,520 --> 00:19:49,960 SIGNALING, IL 8 SIGNALING. 481 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:52,520 THERE'S OTHERS. BUT IN THE 482 00:19:52,520 --> 00:19:57,760 OLFACTORY BULB WHAT WE FOUND IS 483 00:19:57,760 --> 00:19:58,440 SIGNATURE FOR (INAUDIBLE) 484 00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:02,480 BIOINFECTION IS KNOWN TO PRODUCE 485 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:04,200 -- WHEN WE DID CONVOLUTION OF 486 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:06,520 THE GLIA WE ALSO FOUND THAT 487 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:11,040 THERE WERE INCREASE MICROGLIA 488 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:15,080 NADs. AND OLIGODENDROCYTES 489 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:18,280 RESPONSIBLE FOR MYELOID 490 00:20:18,280 --> 00:20:19,320 POSITION. NEXT SLIDE. THIS IS 491 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,000 INTERESTING BECAUSE THERE IS A 492 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:21,960 LOT OF LITERATURE INDICATING 493 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:24,880 THAT VIRUSES ACTUALLY ARE 494 00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,960 IMPORTANT IN ALZHEIMER'S, THEY 495 00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:28,160 MAY ACCELERATE ALZHEIMER'S AND 496 00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:30,720 THIS IS FROM MY COLLABORATOR DR. 497 00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:35,720 NAGLE WHO HAS DONE WORK WITH 498 00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:38,520 ASHIEST VIRUS SHOWS IT PRODUCES 499 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:42,960 AMYLOID. NEXT SLIDE. WE ALSO 500 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:47,080 DID A SPATIAL PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS 501 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:49,080 WITH NANOSTRING, WE CHOSE 88 502 00:20:49,080 --> 00:20:50,400 DIFFERENT PROTEINS EITHER 503 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:54,200 INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS OR 504 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:55,360 PROTEINS THAT ARE MARKERS OF 505 00:20:55,360 --> 00:20:57,760 ALZHEIMER'S AND I'M NOT GOING TO 506 00:20:57,760 --> 00:20:59,600 GO INTO DETAIL INTO THESE BUT 507 00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:04,440 WHAT WE FOUND IS THE PROTEINS 508 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:08,080 MAKE THEY ARE IMMUNE RESPONSES. 509 00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:09,200 WHICH MAKES SENSE WITH 510 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:11,160 INFLAMMATION BUT THE INTERESTING 511 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:14,520 THING IS THAT IT IS HETEROGENOUS 512 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:16,360 IN THAT IT WAS DIFFERENT IN THE 513 00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:18,720 HIGH MYELINATION AND LOW HYLE 514 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:19,960 NATION AREAS. ON THE RIGHT SIDE 515 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:23,120 YOU SEE PC ANALYSIS. WHAT THAT 516 00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:25,920 SHOWS IS THERE'S -- BETWEEN TAD 517 00:21:25,920 --> 00:21:27,360 AND CONTROLS AND HIGH 518 00:21:27,360 --> 00:21:30,760 MYELINATION AND LOW MYELINATION 519 00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:33,760 IN FADs ARE TOTALLY DIFFERENT. 520 00:21:33,760 --> 00:21:36,480 THAT YOU CAN SEE ALSO IF YOU 521 00:21:36,480 --> 00:21:38,480 PLUG THE DATA IN THE -- PLUG THE 522 00:21:38,480 --> 00:21:39,600 EXPRESSION OF THE PROTEINS, 523 00:21:39,600 --> 00:21:43,040 THERE'S THAT AREA THAT WE CALL 524 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:44,480 DEMYELINATION AREA, THERE'S 525 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:47,560 SUBSET OF PROTEINS THAT ARE HIGH 526 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:49,360 -- HIGH MYELINATED OLFACTORY 527 00:21:49,360 --> 00:21:51,080 TRACT AND LOW IN ALL THE OTHER 528 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:54,000 ONES FAD AND CONTROLS SHOWING 529 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,120 THAT HERE AND THE INTERESTING 530 00:21:55,120 --> 00:21:57,400 THING IS THAT ALL THOSE PROTEINS 531 00:21:57,400 --> 00:22:00,360 ARE INVOLVED IN DEMYELINATION. 532 00:22:00,360 --> 00:22:02,920 EITHER RESPONSE TO MYELINATION 533 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:06,560 OR ACTUAL DEMYELINATION. WE ALSO 534 00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:11,000 FIND ALZHEIMER'S MARKERS IN LOW 535 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:13,360 MYELINATED. THE INTERESTING 536 00:22:13,360 --> 00:22:14,920 THING IS WHAT THIS SHOWS IS 537 00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:17,480 THERE IS AN INVOLVEMENT LIKELY 538 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:20,320 INVOLVEMENT OF VIRUSES IN 539 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:21,520 AXILLARY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 540 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,680 THIS MAKES SENSE BECAUSE VIRUSES 541 00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:28,720 ARE KNOWN TO INVOLVE ENOUGH LOSS 542 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:32,000 OF SMELL AND THE LAB AT MIT HAS 543 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:33,640 SHOWN ACTUAL POSTILLINGS IN THE 544 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:36,440 HIPPOCAMPUS MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN 545 00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:38,160 THE GLIAL INVOLVEMENT. IN 546 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:40,840 INFLAMMATION. AND IN THE LOSS OF 547 00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:43,160 NEURONAL ACTIVITY. AND IT IS 548 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:46,200 WELL KNOWN THAT THE OLFACTORY 549 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:47,600 BULB ENTRAINS THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN 550 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:48,360 THOSE OSCILLATIONS SO THE 551 00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:50,840 QUESTION IS COULD IT BE THAT THE 552 00:22:50,840 --> 00:22:53,280 OLFACTORY SYSTEM IS PART OF THE 553 00:22:53,280 --> 00:22:54,720 THEOLOGY -- ETIOLOGY OF 554 00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:55,640 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THANKS A 555 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:56,920 LOT. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS I 556 00:22:56,920 --> 00:22:59,640 WILL BE GLAD TO ANSWER. 557 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:02,080 >> THANK YOU. 558 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:03,800 >> THE LAST SLIDE THAT'S THE 559 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:04,960 MOST IMPORTANT ONE. WE ARE 560 00:23:04,960 --> 00:23:06,000 THANKFUL FOR THE PATIENTS AND 561 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:09,800 EVERYONE INVOLVED. 562 00:23:09,800 --> 00:23:11,560 >> THANK YOU. BECAUSE WE ARE 563 00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:13,280 JUST 30 SECONDS AHEAD OF TIME 564 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:15,920 THERE WAS A QUESTION ABOUT DR. 565 00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:17,640 LUEBKE, IS THE FAD MOUSE THE 566 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:20,240 THREE TIMES FAD OR FIVE TIMES OR 567 00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:21,480 ANOTHER MODEL? WHICH MODEL I 568 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:21,760 GUESS? 569 00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:23,920 >> THIS IS ALL HUMANS. IT IS A 570 00:23:23,920 --> 00:23:26,240 HUMAN COHORT. WE ARE ALSO DOING 571 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:29,160 WORK IN THE FIVE TIMES FAK MICE 572 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:32,200 NOT PRESENTING HERE -- FAD MICE, 573 00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:34,520 WE HAVE SIMILAR RESULTS BUT THAT 574 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:37,000 IS JUST STARTING. WE HAVE 575 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:38,240 INTERESTING RESULTS THERE. IN 576 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:40,160 THAT MOUSE WE ARE INFECTING WITH 577 00:23:40,160 --> 00:23:43,040 HSV 1. COLD SOURCE. 578 00:23:43,040 --> 00:23:46,160 >> THANK YOU. 579 00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:47,080 >> THIS IS ALL HUMAN. 580 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:50,920 >> YES. WE -- PEOPLE ARE 581 00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:53,520 FREQUENTLY DOING WORK IN BOTH 582 00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:54,680 SETS, THANK YOU FOR CLARIFYING 583 00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:57,440 THAT. THANK YOU, DR. LUEBKE FOR 584 00:23:57,440 --> 00:23:59,160 THE QUESTION. NEXT WE HAVE UP 585 00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:01,080 DR. DAN WESSON, UNIVERSITY OF 586 00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:03,480 FLORIDA. AND DON'T FORGET TO 587 00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:04,760 TURN -- GREAT. DAN YOU ALREADY 588 00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:07,560 HAVE YOUR CAMERA ON. FANTASTIC. 589 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:11,320 >> THANK YOU. THANKS TO THE NIA 590 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:13,400 AND NIDCD FOR YOUR SUPPORT, THIS 591 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,320 IS GREAT SMELL AND TASTE 592 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:19,960 COMMUNITY THERE AND ESPECIALLY 593 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:22,680 SUPPORTING ALL OUR RESEARCH SO 594 00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:24,360 THESE FIVE TALKS FRUSTRATE ME 595 00:24:24,360 --> 00:24:25,720 BECAUSE YOU CAN'T GO DEEP INTO 596 00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:27,600 ONE PARTICULAR QUESTION SO I 597 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,920 HOPE YOU CAN CONCEPTUALIZE THAT 598 00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:32,680 NIDCD AS ABOVE A SAMPLING OF 599 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:35,120 THINGS WE WORK OR AS IT RELATES 600 00:24:35,120 --> 00:24:38,480 TO OLFACTORY FUNCTION. IF YOU 601 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:44,960 CAN SKIP TO SLIDE 3. IN OUR WORK 602 00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:46,680 WE APPRECIATE INFORMATION 603 00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:49,360 PROCESS BY VARIETY OF BRAIN 604 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:50,400 STRUCTURE SPECIFICALLY MY LAB 605 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:52,240 FOCUSES ON THE TUBECAL WHICH IS 606 00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:54,280 APPARENT RO1 PROJECT THAT 607 00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:56,200 RECEIVED THE SUPPLEMENT, AND IF 608 00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:01,840 YOU CLICK FORWARD ONCE, WE 609 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:04,200 LARGELY USE RECORDINGS AND MICE 610 00:25:04,200 --> 00:25:06,280 AND INTERESTED HOW ODOR 611 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:07,600 INFORMATION TAKES ON LEARNED 612 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:11,040 MEANING AS ANIMALS ARE HUMANS 613 00:25:11,040 --> 00:25:13,160 ASSOCIATE ODORS INTO DIFFERENT 614 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:14,880 OUTCOMES. A GOOD MEAL ET 615 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:15,960 CETERA. IF YOU CAN CLICK 616 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:16,960 FORWARD. SO WE LIKE TO THINK OF 617 00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:18,960 THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM AND 618 00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:20,560 CIRCUITRY I SHOW YOU AS QUINT 619 00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:21,520 ESSENTIAL MODEL TO UNDERSTAND 620 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:26,400 THE IMPACT OF THE ADRD 621 00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:27,440 PATHOGENESIS ON BRAIN FUNCTION 622 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:31,560 AND THEREFORE THE ABILITY TO 623 00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:32,360 INTERACT MORAL NORMALLY IN YOUR 624 00:25:32,360 --> 00:25:34,920 WORLD. THIS IS IMPORTANT TO 625 00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:36,480 EMPHASIZE THE NON-OLFACTORY 626 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:37,760 PEOPLE HERE AS YOU CAN SEE IN 627 00:25:37,760 --> 00:25:39,960 THESE CLASSIC DIAGRAMS RELATED 628 00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,640 TO THE STAGING THAT AMYLOIDOSIS 629 00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:46,760 AND TAUOPATHY AND OTHER 630 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:50,240 ETIOLOGIES START IN THE 631 00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:52,640 OLFACTORY BULB IT IS EMPHASIZE 632 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:55,760 REVIEW THAT MY COLLABORATIVE 633 00:25:55,760 --> 00:25:57,880 WITH POST DOC WROTE THE 634 00:25:57,880 --> 00:25:59,640 OLFACTORY BULB SERVES AS ENTRY 635 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:01,640 SITE PATHOGENS CAN TRAVEL 636 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:03,680 THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN AND 637 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,160 IMPAIRING THE IMPAIRING THE 638 00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:06,920 ABILITY OF OTHER BRAIN SYSTEMS 639 00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:07,760 TO OPERATE NORMALLY. NEXT SLIDE 640 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:13,040 PLEASE. WHAT WE THINK HAPPENS IS 641 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:14,240 THAT SYNUCLEIN OR AMYLOID OR 642 00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:16,240 WHAT HAVE YOU INFLUENCES NORMAL 643 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:20,560 SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, WEAKENING 644 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:21,520 SYNAPTIC FUNCTION. THAT 645 00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:22,640 THEREFORE PERTURBS FUNCTIONING 646 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:25,560 OF THE CIRCUIT ESPECIALLY AMONG 647 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:26,720 VULNERABLE NEURON TYPES WITHIN 648 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,680 THAT CIRCUIT THAT DRIVES NETWORK 649 00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:31,520 ACTIVITY DYSFUNCTIONAL THEREFORE 650 00:26:31,520 --> 00:26:33,880 RISING WITH THIS IMPAIRED SENSE 651 00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:35,160 OF SMELL OR OTHER FUNCTIONS BUT 652 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:37,480 HERE WE ARE USING SMELL AS THE 653 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:38,360 MAGNIFYING CLASS TO UNDERSTAND 654 00:26:38,360 --> 00:26:41,360 HOW THE ADRD ARE ORIGINATING IN 655 00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:43,880 THE BRAIN. THIS IS CONCEPTUAL 656 00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:46,040 SPIRIT SIMILAR TO WHAT DR. 657 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:48,360 RESTREPO MENTIONED, THE NETWORK 658 00:26:48,360 --> 00:26:49,680 TRAIN GAMMA HOW THAT IS 659 00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:52,600 INFLUENTIAL AND ADRD 660 00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:54,720 PATHOGENESIS. THIS SYNAPSE 661 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:58,720 PRODROME CASCADE ADRD IN A PAPER 662 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:00,480 COMING OUT IN JOURNAL OF 663 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:01,520 COMMUNICATIONS. SO WE HAVE DONE 664 00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:03,160 A VARIETY OF THINGS TO LOOK HOW 665 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:04,840 LEARN ODOR MEANING AND 666 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,560 SPONTANEOUS ODOR MEANING ARE 667 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:10,280 IMPACTED AND ADRD ANIMALS, THIS 668 00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:13,240 IS SIMPLE WORK FROM THE 5X FAD 669 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:14,960 MOUSE MODEL, INCREDIBLY 670 00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:18,600 IMPRESSIVE, MODEL OF AM LOY O 671 00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:20,200 SHYSIS AND CYTOKINE 672 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:23,160 INFROMMATION. IN THIS WORK WE 673 00:27:23,160 --> 00:27:24,480 FOUND AGE DEPENDENCE SO 674 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:26,920 THEREFORE PROGRESSIVE ALONG 675 00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:29,320 PATHOLOGY. CHANGE AND ODOR 676 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:33,000 RESPONSES OF MICE TO A PANEL OF 677 00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:34,320 NON-(INAUDIBLE) ODORS. THIS IS 678 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:35,560 IMPORTANT BECAUSE HUMANS WITH 679 00:27:35,560 --> 00:27:38,040 ALZHEIMER'S AS WELL AS PARKINSON 680 00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:39,160 HAVE ABERRANT EMOTIONAL 681 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:41,560 RESPONSES TO ODOR INFLAMMATIONS 682 00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:44,080 NOT JUST IMPAIR ABILITY TO 683 00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:45,400 DETECT OR US CRIMINATOR 684 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:46,000 RECOGNIZE SMELLS BUT ALSO YOU 685 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:47,680 HAVE A CHANGE IN THE EMOTIONAL 686 00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:49,800 RESPONSE. THAT'S SUPER RELEVANT 687 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,960 BECAUSE ADRD PERSONS HAVE 688 00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:55,080 GENERALIZE ANXIETY DISORDER AND 689 00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:56,600 OTHER EMOTIONAL DYSFUNCTION 690 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:57,760 WHICH DRAMATICALLY IMPACTS 691 00:27:57,760 --> 00:27:58,560 QUALITY OF LIFE. NEXT SLIDE 692 00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:02,160 PLEASE. WE HAVE ALSO BEEN 693 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:03,640 WORKING TO GET REGION 694 00:28:03,640 --> 00:28:05,600 SPECIFICITY WHERE THESE THINGS 695 00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:07,360 HAPPEN. SO IN THE WORK ON THE 696 00:28:07,360 --> 00:28:10,240 LEFT WE SEE THAT PRE-FORM 697 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:12,520 FIBRILS FOR ALPHA SYNUCLEIN 698 00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:15,560 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA IN 699 00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:17,840 OLFACTORY BULB AND WE FIND AWAKE 700 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:19,760 MICE GIVEN ODORS PRONOUNCED 701 00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:21,360 ELEVATION OF BETA OSCILLATION 702 00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:23,320 ACTIVITY AND THIS IS REALLY 703 00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:25,760 INTERESTING CLINICALLY BECAUSE 704 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:27,440 THE SAME'SLATORY SIGNATURE 705 00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:30,440 ELEVATED IN THE SUB THALAMIC 706 00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:31,920 NUCLEUS OF PARKINSON PATIENTS 707 00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:34,320 AND HE WILL DOE PA PATIENT ALSO 708 00:28:34,320 --> 00:28:36,200 DRIVE DOWN THIS BETA SEW WITH 709 00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:37,440 INTERESTED HOW BETA OSCILLATION 710 00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,280 PLAYS A ROLE IN SHAPING SPIKING 711 00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:41,080 VIRUSES IMPAIRING ODOR 712 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:43,360 PERCEPTION. WE HAVE ALSO BEEN 713 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:45,840 SEEING SYNUCLEIN IN AMYGDALA, ON 714 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:48,120 THE RIGHT SEE CHANGES IN EMOTION 715 00:28:48,120 --> 00:28:49,480 PAL MEMORY RETRIEVAL TO ODORS. 716 00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:53,800 ARE AND CLICK FORWARD ONCE MEAN. 717 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:56,560 CLICK FORWARD ONCE PLEASE. WE 718 00:28:56,560 --> 00:28:58,200 HAVE ALSO BEEN WORKING AT HOW 719 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:02,080 SYNUCLEIN IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX 720 00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:04,720 IN THIS CASE THE -- IT WAS 721 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:10,920 EJECTEEJECTED IN PRELIM BIC CORTEX BUT 722 00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:12,080 PREED SPREAD TO RETRO GRADE, 723 00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:14,480 WHICH WILL GET AT THE RELEVANT 724 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:16,080 ADRD SYMPTOM OF IMPAIRED 725 00:29:16,080 --> 00:29:17,040 COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ALL IN 726 00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:20,280 THE THE REALM OF ODOR GUIDED 727 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:20,880 BEHAVIOR TAKING ADVANTAGE OF 728 00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:21,520 MOUSE MODEL. WITH THAT I WILL 729 00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:25,520 STOP. 730 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:26,920 >> THANK YOU. I THINK WE ARE 731 00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:29,280 SHORT ON TIME FOR QUESTIONS BUT 732 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:30,880 VERY INTERESTING, THANK YOU. 733 00:29:30,880 --> 00:29:33,080 HOPEFULLY YOU CAN HANG OUT FOR 734 00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:34,600 THE DISCUSSION. 735 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:35,760 >> I WILL BE HERE. THANKS. 736 00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:38,920 >> NEXT UP WE HAVE DR. PATRICIA 737 00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:42,640 WHITE, UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. 738 00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:43,800 AND IF YOU CAN TURN ON YOUR 739 00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:45,080 VIDEO THAT WOULD BE GREAT SO 740 00:29:45,080 --> 00:29:50,240 THAT WE CAN SEE YOU AS WELL. 741 00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:51,720 >> I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE 742 00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:53,560 PROGRAM OFFICERS FOR INVITING ME 743 00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:55,520 TO TALK ABOUT OUR INITIAL FOR 744 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:59,040 RAYS INTO ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH. 745 00:29:59,040 --> 00:30:06,360 I WORK ON, COCHLEAR REGENERATION 746 00:30:06,360 --> 00:30:09,720 AND ALZHEIMER'S AND AUDITORY 747 00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:10,880 DEFICIT STRONG CO-MORBIDITY WITH 748 00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:12,080 ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS HAVING HEAR 749 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,040 LOSS AND ALSO AUDITORY 750 00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:17,640 DIFFICULTIES HEARING AND NOISE. 751 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:20,400 ADVANCE PLEASE. THIS WORK IS 752 00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:22,760 THE THESIS OF MY TALL LENTED 753 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:26,000 GRADUATE STUDENT DAXIANG NA. SO 754 00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:27,680 HEARING RESTORATION STUDIES WE 755 00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:32,080 FOCUS ON A CANDIDATE SIGNALING 756 00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:34,120 MOLECULE A MEMBER OF THE EGF 757 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:37,000 RECEPTOR FAMILY IN COMPLICATED 758 00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:37,920 TRIPLE RAINS GENIC MOUSE MODEL 759 00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:41,280 WE SHOWED THAT CONSTITUTIVE ERB 760 00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:43,080 SIGNALING IS ASSOCIATED WITH 761 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:44,640 IMPROVED HEARING RECOVERY AFTER 762 00:30:44,640 --> 00:30:45,680 NOISE DAMAGE. THIS WAS THE 763 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:50,440 MOTIVATION FOR OUR WORK. HOWEVER 764 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:52,640 ONE PROBLEM WITH OUR WORK IS 765 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:54,160 THAT WE TERMINATE OUR 766 00:30:54,160 --> 00:30:55,160 EXPERIMENTS WHEN THE ANIMALS ARE 767 00:30:55,160 --> 00:30:56,360 FOUR MONTHS OF AGE WHICH IS 768 00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:59,040 PRIOR TO EVEN THE MOST 769 00:30:59,040 --> 00:31:00,680 AGGRESSIVE MOUSE MODEL 5X FAD 770 00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:04,760 WHICH WHAT WE CHOSE. ANOTHER 771 00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:07,000 PROBLEM IS THAT THIS MOUSE MODEL 772 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:09,760 MAINTAINED ON C 57 BL 6 WHICH 773 00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:11,040 HAS NUMBER OF BAD HEARING 774 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:11,960 CHARACTERISTICS SO IN ORDER TO 775 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:16,160 LOOK AT THE HEARING WE CROSS AND 776 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:18,000 INVESTIGATE THE F 1, HOWEVER 777 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:19,240 THESE HAVE NOT BEEN DESCRIBED 778 00:31:19,240 --> 00:31:21,040 BEFORE IN ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH. 779 00:31:21,040 --> 00:31:24,200 ADVANCE. SO FIRST WE WANTED TO 780 00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:25,320 SHOW PLAQUE DEPOSITION KINETICS 781 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,600 SO WE LOOK AT PLAQUE DEPOSITION 782 00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:29,640 IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND FOUND THAT 783 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:32,360 AMYLOID BETA IS INDEED DETECTED 784 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:33,720 THERE AT THREE AND A HALF MONTHS 785 00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:37,440 OF AGE. THE MICE ALSO SHOW 786 00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:38,880 MEMORY DEFICITS SO THEY DO NOT 787 00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:40,320 -- THEY HAVE A REDUCED 788 00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:42,760 ASSOCIATION OF A TONE WITH A 789 00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:44,560 FOOT SHOCK 24 HOURS LATER THIS 790 00:31:44,560 --> 00:31:48,360 IS AT 13 MONTHS OF AGE, ADVANCE. 791 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:49,400 THEIR NOISE DAMAGE 792 00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:51,280 SUSCEPTIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS 793 00:31:51,280 --> 00:31:52,440 ARE VERY SIMILAR AT THE EARLY 794 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:54,160 STAGE SO AT THREE AND A HALF 795 00:31:54,160 --> 00:31:56,560 MONTHS OF AGE, YOU CAN SEE THAT 796 00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:59,360 HEARING THRESHOLDS ARE THE SAME 797 00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:01,160 BETWEEN ALZHEIMER'S AND WILD 798 00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:02,920 TYPE MICE, AND THAT ONE IN 14 799 00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:05,000 DAYS AFTER NOISE THE THRESHOLDS 800 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:06,000 ARE CHANGED. THESE ARE AUDIO 801 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:12,840 GRAMS AND HIGHER THRESHOLDS ARE 802 00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:14,480 WORSE, JUST ADVANCE. SO WE 803 00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:16,280 WANTED TO LOOK AT THE LONG TERM 804 00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:17,640 DEVELOPMENT OF HEARING LOSS IN 805 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:25,320 THESE ANIMALS, ADVANCE. WE 806 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:26,920 DETERMINED HEARING LEARN HOLDS 807 00:32:26,920 --> 00:32:28,960 WERE WORSE AT NINE MONTHS OF 808 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:30,560 AGE. WHEN WE LOOK AT THE 809 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:31,360 AUDITORY BRAIN STEM RESPONSE 810 00:32:31,360 --> 00:32:34,200 WHICH IS AN EEG SIGNAL, WHICH 811 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:35,880 YOU CAN USE TO LOOK AT 812 00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:37,120 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUDITORY 813 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:42,280 BRAIN STEM, ADVANCE. WE FOUND 814 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:43,520 INCREASE CENTRAL GAIN SHOWING 815 00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:44,640 THERE WAS AN EFFECT ACTUALLY IN 816 00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:46,600 THE AUDITORY BRAIN STEM AND SO 817 00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:51,480 THIS IS CORTEX INDEPENDENT. SO 818 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:52,240 BECAUSE ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS 819 00:32:52,240 --> 00:32:54,040 HAVE REDUCED HEARING AND NODES 820 00:32:54,040 --> 00:32:55,320 WE WANT TO LOOK AT THAT IN THESE 821 00:32:55,320 --> 00:32:57,760 MICE AND SO WE USE MICE 822 00:32:57,760 --> 00:32:59,640 ALZHEIMER'S MICE WITH SIMILAR 823 00:32:59,640 --> 00:33:01,280 AUDITORY THRESHOLDS COMPARED TO 824 00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:02,960 CONTROLS. WE SAW THAT THREE 825 00:33:02,960 --> 00:33:04,480 MONTHS OF AGE, WHEN WE LOOK AT 826 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:07,440 THE ABR MASKING NOISE NOTCH 827 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:08,440 NOISE THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE 828 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:11,240 BETWEEN THE GENOTYPES BUT THAT 829 00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:12,720 ALZHEIMER'S 5X FAD MICE 830 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:15,520 DEVELOPED WORSE HEARING AND 831 00:33:15,520 --> 00:33:17,280 NOISE IN BOTH CONDITIONS BY 12 832 00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:23,920 MONTHS OF AGE. SO THIS SLIDE 833 00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:28,280 SHOWS HIGH BOTH SIZE AMYLOID 834 00:33:28,280 --> 00:33:29,360 DEPOSITION IN IN CADAVERS OF 835 00:33:29,360 --> 00:33:31,880 ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS INHIBIT 836 00:33:31,880 --> 00:33:34,200 INHIBITOR SIGNAL AN REDUCE IT. 837 00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:37,440 ADVANCE. THIS COULD LEAD TO THE 838 00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:38,400 HYPERACTIVITY WE MODELS IN OUR 839 00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:42,880 SYSTEM. THAT COULD LEAD TO 840 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:44,440 EFFERENT CHANGES WHICH DRIVE 841 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:46,680 HEARING AND NOISE DEFICITS. 842 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:48,160 SINCE THIS ALSO CONFER SENSE 843 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:51,040 TVTY TO AGING AND PROVIDE THE AD 844 00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:52,800 LIKE AUDITORY DEFICITS, SO WE 845 00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:55,880 ARE COLLABORATING WITH AT THE 846 00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:57,160 OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE 847 00:33:57,160 --> 00:33:58,600 UNIVERSITY TO DIRECTLY TEST THIS 848 00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:00,000 HYPOTHESIS IN THIS MOUSE MODEL. 849 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:03,760 THANK YOU. 850 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:09,160 >> 851 00:34:09,160 --> 00:34:10,640 >> THANK YOU, DR. WHITE. 852 00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:12,440 CURIOUS, DO THESE ANIMALS HAVE 853 00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:13,920 ANY OTHER CAN HE HAVE SITS 854 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:15,040 TENTATIVES OR ANYTHING ELSE 855 00:34:15,040 --> 00:34:17,680 CAUSED BY THE PLAQUES IN THE 856 00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:19,040 BRAIN? CURIOUS. 857 00:34:19,040 --> 00:34:22,400 >> SO MY COLLABORATOR ANNE 858 00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:23,440 LUEBKE WHO WILL TALK LATER IN 859 00:34:23,440 --> 00:34:26,000 THE SESSION WILL TELL YOU MORE 860 00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:29,640 ABOUT MOUSE MODEL AND THE 861 00:34:29,640 --> 00:34:30,560 VESTIBULAR DEFICITS. 862 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:33,480 >> ANY CHALLENGES OR FUTURE 863 00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:35,480 DIRECTIONS YOU THINK? NEXT 864 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:35,800 STEPS? 865 00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:37,760 >> WE ARE BREADING TO THE TRIPLE 866 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:39,360 TRANSGENIC SYSTEM USING A HUGE 867 00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:40,960 AMOUNT OF MICE. IN ORDER TO BE 868 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:42,560 ABLE TO TEST THAT -- THE 869 00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:44,920 ORIGINAL HYPOTHESIS. SO REALLY 870 00:34:44,920 --> 00:34:47,680 IT IS MOSTLY THE CONSTRAINTS OF 871 00:34:47,680 --> 00:34:48,640 MULTIPLE GENETIC MODELS AND 872 00:34:48,640 --> 00:34:51,760 TRYING TO GET THE CORRECT 873 00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:52,120 ACCOMMODATIONS. 874 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:55,040 >> ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU. DR. 875 00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:57,040 MARK RUTHERFORD UP NEXT FROM 876 00:34:57,040 --> 00:35:01,040 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ST. LOUIS. 877 00:35:01,040 --> 00:35:02,000 YOU CAN TURN ON YOUR VIDEO 878 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:02,600 CAMERA AS WELL SO WE CAN SEE 879 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:03,600 YOU. 880 00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:09,120 >> HERE I AM. CAN YOU HEAR ME? 881 00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:10,800 >> YES I CAN HEAR YOU. 882 00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:12,360 >> GREAT. THANKS TO THE 883 00:35:12,360 --> 00:35:14,360 ORGANIZERS FOR THE OPPORTUNITY 884 00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:15,360 TO SPEAK TODAY AND THANK ALSO TO 885 00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:17,520 MY COLLABORATORS AT WASHINGTON 886 00:35:17,520 --> 00:35:18,560 UNIVERSITY ST. LOUIS. NEXT 887 00:35:18,560 --> 00:35:21,440 SLIDE PLEASE. OF THE MANY 888 00:35:21,440 --> 00:35:23,200 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING 889 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:24,120 CONNECTION BETWEEN HEARING LOSS 890 00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:26,560 AND COGNITIVE DECLINE, TODAY WE 891 00:35:26,560 --> 00:35:28,760 ARE CONSIDERING THE COMMON CAUSE 892 00:35:28,760 --> 00:35:29,640 HYPOTHESIS. SPECIFICALLY WE WANT 893 00:35:29,640 --> 00:35:32,200 TO KNOW IF MOUSE MODELS OF 894 00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:35,360 AMYLOID GENESIS WILL EXHIBIT 895 00:35:35,360 --> 00:35:37,160 ACCELERATED AGE RELATED HEARING 896 00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:40,560 LOSS OR NEURODEGENERATION IN THE 897 00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:44,120 COCHLEA OR BRAIN STEM. THESE 898 00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:45,360 APPPS 1 DELTA NINE MICE 899 00:35:45,360 --> 00:35:47,080 OVEREXPRESS A BETA, THEY HAVE 900 00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:48,280 PLAQUES IN BRAIN BY SIX MONTHS 901 00:35:48,280 --> 00:35:50,720 AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT BY 12 902 00:35:50,720 --> 00:35:53,640 MONTHS. THE TRANSGENIC CARRIES 903 00:35:53,640 --> 00:35:55,440 ARE HOMOZYGOUS ON HYBRID 904 00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:57,240 BACKGROUND AND WE VERIFIED CAD 905 00:35:57,240 --> 00:36:01,240 HEREIN AGE RELATED HEARING LOSS. 906 00:36:01,240 --> 00:36:03,560 LIKE HUMANS IN COGNITIVE DECLINE 907 00:36:03,560 --> 00:36:04,560 THESE MICE HAVE A REDUCTION IN 908 00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:07,760 THE INHIBITION OF THE ACOUSTIC 909 00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:08,960 REFLEX, THIS IMPAIRMENT OF 910 00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:10,480 SENSORY MOTOR GATING WAS 911 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:12,680 CORRELATED WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF 912 00:36:12,680 --> 00:36:16,680 A BETA 40 IN HIPPOCAMPUS. WE 913 00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:19,440 HYPOTHESIZE IF THE 80-DECIBEL 914 00:36:19,440 --> 00:36:20,720 PREPULSE WAS LESS SALIENT IN 915 00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:23,120 MICE DUE TO HEARING LOSS THIS 916 00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:25,360 EXPLAINING REDUCTION IN THE 917 00:36:25,360 --> 00:36:28,480 INHIBITION OF STARTLE. SO FIRST 918 00:36:28,480 --> 00:36:30,000 WE ASKED COULD ALZHEIMER'S 919 00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:31,960 DISEASE LIKE PATHOLOGY EXIST IN 920 00:36:31,960 --> 00:36:33,360 THE INNER EAR? ON THE LEFT WE 921 00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:35,560 SHOW THAT AMYLOID PRECURSOR 922 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:37,360 PROTEIN AND BETA SECRETEST ARE 923 00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:39,200 PRESENT IN THE EAR AND WE CAN 924 00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:41,120 DETECT A BETA AGGREGATES NEAR 925 00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:43,600 SYNAPSES BETWEEN INNER EAR CELLS 926 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,160 AND NEURONS. ON THE RIGHT WE 927 00:36:45,160 --> 00:36:47,920 MEASURE A BETA 40 AND 42 AND 928 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,120 TEMPORAL BONES WE REZA USING APP 929 00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:51,240 KNOCK OUT AS CONTROL. YOU CAN 930 00:36:51,240 --> 00:36:52,520 SEE WE DETECTED LOW LEVELS IN 931 00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:54,200 WILD TYPE AND HIGHER LEVELS IN 932 00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:56,440 THE TEMPORAL BONES TRANSGENIC 933 00:36:56,440 --> 00:36:58,400 MICE, AND THE CORTEX IN 934 00:36:58,400 --> 00:36:59,640 HIPPOCAMPUS SHOWED A SIMILAR 935 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:01,080 PATTERN OVERALL AND RELATIVELY 936 00:37:01,080 --> 00:37:04,080 MUCH HIGHER LEVELS THAN IN 937 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:05,240 TEMPORAL BONES. NEXT SLIDE 938 00:37:05,240 --> 00:37:07,920 PLEASE. THE COCHLEAR NUMBERS 939 00:37:07,920 --> 00:37:10,680 APPEAR SYSTEM IN TRANSGENIC MICE 940 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:14,240 AND THEIR NON-CARRIER SIBLINGS. 941 00:37:14,240 --> 00:37:16,680 HOW IS THE HEARING? THE ABR WAVE 942 00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:18,960 FORMS AND THRESHOLDS ARE NEARLY 943 00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:21,600 IDENTICAL AT SIX MONTHS, 12 TO 944 00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:23,760 14 MONTHS AND 16 TO 17 MONTHS. 945 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:27,160 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. AS WELL THE 946 00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:30,000 AMPLITUDES AND LATENCIES IN 947 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:31,600 WAVES 1 THROUGH 5 WERE NEARLY 948 00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:35,920 IDENTICAL OUT TO 18 MONTHS. WE 949 00:37:35,920 --> 00:37:38,560 VERIFIED WITH REPLICATION COHORT 950 00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:40,040 SO WE ARE CONFIDENT IN THESE 951 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:41,680 RESULTS BUT THIS IS A LIMITED 952 00:37:41,680 --> 00:37:44,600 MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE 953 00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:45,920 KNOW OUR OTHER GENETIC RISK 954 00:37:45,920 --> 00:37:50,360 FACTORS LIKE APOE AND TAU AND 955 00:37:50,360 --> 00:37:51,200 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AS WELL SO 956 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,560 WE USE AD MORE AGGRESSIVE APP PS 957 00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:56,520 1 MODEL WHICH IS ON A BLACK SIX 958 00:37:56,520 --> 00:37:57,960 BACKGROUND, AND WE ALSO 959 00:37:57,960 --> 00:38:01,480 INTRODUCED APOE KNOCK IN ALLELES 960 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:03,440 AND SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND WE 961 00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:07,840 INJECTED PATHOGENIC TAU FROM 962 00:38:07,840 --> 00:38:10,160 HUMAN CADAVERS. SO TAU INJECTION 963 00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:11,040 HAPPENED AT FOUR MONTHS AND THAT 964 00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:13,320 WAS FOLLOWED BY SLEEP 965 00:38:13,320 --> 00:38:18,240 DEPRIVATION FO FOR SIX MONTHS 966 00:38:18,240 --> 00:38:20,600 TESTED. SO THIS IS KIND OF LIKE 967 00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:21,920 HAVING 40 HUMANS COME INTO THE 968 00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:24,720 CLINIC, SOME HAVE TAU PATHOLOGY, 969 00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:26,960 SOME DON'T, SOME SLEEP DEPRIVED 970 00:38:26,960 --> 00:38:28,960 SOME NOT, SOME HAVE AMYLOID 971 00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:31,720 PATHOLOGY OTHERS DONE. SOME HAVE 972 00:38:31,720 --> 00:38:33,560 APOE BACKGROUND WHICH INCREASES 973 00:38:33,560 --> 00:38:37,360 RISK IN HUMANS. APOE 3 ISOFORM 974 00:38:37,360 --> 00:38:38,920 AND PROTECTIVE ISOFORM, NO 975 00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:40,560 MATTER HOW WE SEPARATED THESE 976 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:41,720 OUT, NOTHING JUMPS OUT AS 977 00:38:41,720 --> 00:38:44,320 CAUSING A THRESHOLD INCREASE. 978 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:46,760 WE LOOK AT WAVE 1 COMPARING THE 979 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,360 MICE THAT DID AND DID NOT HAVE 980 00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:53,000 THE APP AND LUNG MUTATIONS AS 981 00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:55,080 YOU CAN SEE THERE IS VARIABILITY 982 00:38:55,080 --> 00:38:56,960 BUT NO DIFFERENCE ON AVERAGE. 983 00:38:56,960 --> 00:38:59,600 LAST SLIDE PLEASE. I WON'T READ 984 00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,640 HE IS BUT MAJOR CONCLUSIONS WE 985 00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:04,240 FOUND NO AFFERENT AUDITORY 986 00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:05,680 DYSFUNCTION IN THESE MICE 987 00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:07,640 SUGGESTING THAT FAMILIAL 988 00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:08,600 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AMYLOID 989 00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:09,680 MUTATIONS AND OTHER 990 00:39:09,680 --> 00:39:13,280 MANIPULATIONS THAT WE DID WHERE WERE 991 00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:15,640 NOT SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE HEARING 992 00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:17,080 LOSS. THIS SUGGESTS EXTRA 993 00:39:17,080 --> 00:39:18,080 AUDITORY BRAIN REGIONS IN THE 994 00:39:18,080 --> 00:39:20,320 ALTERED SENSORY MOTOR GATING 995 00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:22,760 PHENOTYPE OF REDUCED PRE-PULSE 996 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:25,160 INHIBITION OF ACOUSTIC STARTLE 997 00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:27,200 REFLEX. WE DID NOT FIND THESE 998 00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:28,560 MICE HAVE FURTHER ACCELERATED 999 00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:30,160 HEARING LOSS WHEN THEY ARE ON 1000 00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:33,800 BLACK 6 BACKGROUND. THANK YOU. 1001 00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:34,760 >>PROFESSOR: THANKS, MARK. 1002 00:39:34,760 --> 00:39:36,480 THERE WERE TWO QUICK QUESTIONS, 1003 00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:38,520 SEE IF YOU CAN GET TO ONE. DO 1004 00:39:38,520 --> 00:39:40,680 THE APP PS 1 MICE HAVE NORMAL 1005 00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:42,760 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COMPARED TO 1006 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:44,360 AGE MATCHED CONTROLS. 1007 00:39:44,360 --> 00:39:48,640 >> DO THEY HAVE NORMAL PHYSICAL 1008 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:50,760 ACTIVITY? I'M NOT AN EXPERT ON 1009 00:39:50,760 --> 00:39:52,960 THE BEHAVIOR OF THESE MICE SO 1010 00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:55,560 I'M NOT SURE BUT I THINK IT 1011 00:39:55,560 --> 00:39:57,240 DEPENDS UPON WHAT TEST YOU PUT 1012 00:39:57,240 --> 00:39:59,280 THEM IN. SO FOR EXAMPLE THE 1013 00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:00,360 MORRIS WATER MAZE DON'T PERFORM 1014 00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:02,280 WELL ON THAT. 1015 00:40:02,280 --> 00:40:03,920 >> WHAT WAS THE RATIONALE FOR 1016 00:40:03,920 --> 00:40:05,840 THE SLEEP DEPRIVATION? WAS IT 1017 00:40:05,840 --> 00:40:08,560 INDUCE INFLAMMATION? 1018 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:11,480 >> YES. SO SLEEP DEPRIVATION HAS 1019 00:40:11,480 --> 00:40:14,040 BEEN SHOWN TO BE CORRELATED WITH 1020 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:17,960 WORSE BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES AND 1021 00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:18,400 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 1022 00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:20,200 >> OKAY. THANK YOU FOR THE QUICK 1023 00:40:20,200 --> 00:40:22,840 ANSWERS TOO. WE ARE RIGHT ON 1024 00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:25,680 TIME. WE WILL TAKE A VERY SHORT 1025 00:40:25,680 --> 00:40:29,360 COUPLE OF MINUTE BREAK AND BE 1026 00:40:29,360 --> 00:40:32,680 BACK AT 1:45 WITH DR. KACZMAREK. 1027 00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:33,120 JUST A SHORT BREAK HERE. 1028 00:40:33,120 --> 00:40:35,360 >> WELCOME BACK, EVERYONE FROM 1029 00:40:35,360 --> 00:40:38,520 OUR VERY SHORT BREAK. WE WILL 1030 00:40:38,520 --> 00:40:42,200 FINISH WITH THE SECOND HALF. 1031 00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:44,120 WITH DR. KACZMAREK'S SLIDES UP 1032 00:40:44,120 --> 00:40:45,320 FROM EMORY UNIVERSITY. PLEASE 1033 00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:48,480 REMEMBER TO TURN ON YOUR CAMERA. 1034 00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:51,320 READY TO GO. 1035 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:54,480 >> THANK YOU TO THE NIDCD AND 1036 00:40:54,480 --> 00:40:55,920 THE NIA FOR BOTH GIVING US THE 1037 00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:57,360 OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS WORK AND 1038 00:40:57,360 --> 00:41:02,640 TO PRESENT IT TODAY. THE PRIMARY 1039 00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:05,040 GOAL OF OUR PRIMARY GRANT IS TO 1040 00:41:05,040 --> 00:41:09,000 ROOK AT POTASSIUM CHANNELS AND 1041 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:11,960 HOW THEY MODULATE AUDITORY 1042 00:41:11,960 --> 00:41:12,760 PROCESSENING THE AUDITORY BRAIN 1043 00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:14,840 STEM. MAINLY WE FOCUS ON CLASS 1044 00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:17,320 OF CHANNELS CALLED KB 3 CHANNEL 1045 00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:19,960 WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY REQUIRED FOR 1046 00:41:19,960 --> 00:41:24,200 FIRING HIGH RATES WITH TEMPORAL 1047 00:41:24,200 --> 00:41:28,880 PREPRECISION AND THEY GO DURING 1048 00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:30,240 DEVELOPMENT AND STAY HIGH UNTIL 1049 00:41:30,240 --> 00:41:32,440 AGING THEN GO DOWN WITH AGING 1050 00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:35,160 AND THAT IMPAIRS THE ABILITY TO 1051 00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:38,480 LOCALIZE SOUNDS AND NOISE BUT 1052 00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:43,160 THERE IS ONE CHANNEL, THAT IS A 1053 00:41:43,160 --> 00:41:46,880 OUTLIER, FOUR -- CHANNELS ONE IS 1054 00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:48,000 CALLED KD 3.4. THIS IS AN ODD 1055 00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:49,320 PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION, IT IS 1056 00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:50,880 PRESENT IN EVERY GROWTH CONE OF 1057 00:41:50,880 --> 00:41:54,520 ALL MAJOR FIBER TRACTS DURING 1058 00:41:54,520 --> 00:41:56,080 DEVELOPMENT. AND WHILE THOSE 1059 00:41:56,080 --> 00:42:00,280 TRACKS ARE NAVIGATING TO THEIR 1060 00:42:00,280 --> 00:42:02,120 TARGETS, IT IS THERE IN THE 1061 00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:05,040 GROWTH CONES, THEN THEY REACH 1062 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:07,600 THEIR TARGETS, AND KV 3.4 1063 00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:09,120 EXPRESSION STOPS AND GOES AWAY. 1064 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:13,000 IT COMES BACK AGAIN IN A FEW 1065 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:16,520 NEURONS THAT USE AS A CLASSICAL 1066 00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:17,760 DELAY RECTIFIER TO ACTION 1067 00:42:17,760 --> 00:42:21,000 POTENTIAL BUT MOST JUST GOES 1068 00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:22,600 AWAY FOREVER. EXCEPT THE ONSET 1069 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:25,840 OF ALZHEIMER'S, THIS IS NOT OUR 1070 00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:27,560 WORK, THIS IS WORK BY BUNCH OF 1071 00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:31,360 OTHER PEOPLE SHOWING THAT THE 1072 00:42:31,360 --> 00:42:34,560 EARLY STAGES OF ON COMES BACK IN 1073 00:42:34,560 --> 00:42:35,880 CORTICAL NEURONS THAT NEVER 1074 00:42:35,880 --> 00:42:37,280 EXPRESS AND ALSO APPEARS IN 1075 00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:38,360 GLIAL CELLS WHERE IT'S NEVER 1076 00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:43,360 BEEN BEFORE. SO WHAT WE ARE 1077 00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:47,480 ABLE TO FIND IS THAT IT -- THE 1078 00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:49,720 KV 3.4 CHANNEL FORMS IN 1079 00:42:49,720 --> 00:42:53,640 OBLIGATORY COMPLEX WITH A GWAS 1080 00:42:53,640 --> 00:42:58,560 ASSOCIATED GENE ENCODING CELL 1081 00:42:58,560 --> 00:43:00,040 ADHESION MOLECULE CAD HEREIN 9. 1082 00:43:00,040 --> 00:43:01,960 THEY FORM A COMPLEX WE SHOW IN A 1083 00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:03,480 NUMBER OF WAYS AND IF YOU GET 1084 00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:06,160 RID OF PCBH 89 THE CHANNEL JUST 1085 00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:09,040 GOES AWAY. SO IN THE MIDDLE OF 1086 00:43:09,040 --> 00:43:10,920 THE SLIDE ELECTRONIC WIZARD 1087 00:43:10,920 --> 00:43:13,600 VOLTAGE CLAMP EXPERIMENTS SHOWN 1088 00:43:13,600 --> 00:43:16,560 THE NORMAL KV 3.4 THEN WHEN IT 1089 00:43:16,560 --> 00:43:18,400 GOES AWAY, THIS NO CHANNEL ON 1090 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:20,000 WESTERN BLOT YOU CAN SEE THE 1091 00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:21,320 CHANNEL GETS DESTROYED IF THERE 1092 00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:23,880 IS NO CELL ADHESION MOLECULE. 1093 00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:27,920 AND THERE'S NO CHANGE IN RNA, 1094 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:32,240 THIS IS ABSOLUTELY REQUIRED. IF 1095 00:43:32,240 --> 00:43:37,240 YOU PUT KB 3.4 INTO A CELL LINE, 1096 00:43:37,240 --> 00:43:41,000 YOU FIND THE CELLS START PUTTING 1097 00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:45,280 OUT MIGRATING. -- FILIPODIAL AND 1098 00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:46,840 MIGRATING, ON THE BOTTOM OF THE 1099 00:43:46,840 --> 00:43:49,160 SLIDE. SO THAT IS -- WE HAVE 1100 00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:51,680 SHOWN THIS IN NEURONS TOO, THE 1101 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:54,520 NEURONS FAIL TO GIVE YOU 1102 00:43:54,520 --> 00:43:57,360 ASCENSION OR BRANCHING IN 1103 00:43:57,360 --> 00:44:01,680 NEURONS WHEN YU KNOCK DOWN KV 1104 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:06,080 3.4. SO WE THINK IS GOING ON IS 1105 00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:07,880 THIS COLLECTION IS AN ABSOLUTE 1106 00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:10,720 ESSENTIALLY ESSENTIAL COMPONENT 1107 00:44:10,720 --> 00:44:13,000 OF NEURONAL ELONGATION AND 1108 00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:16,200 GROWTH CONES, ALSO INTERACTS 1109 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:19,640 WITH THE MICROTUBULES PROTEINS 1110 00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:21,280 THAT REGULATES RETURN OF TAU. SO 1111 00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:25,640 WE THINK OF THE ONSET OF 1112 00:44:25,640 --> 00:44:28,480 ALZHEIMER'S THESE COMPLEXES 1113 00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:30,200 START NEW DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM 1114 00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:33,400 THAT CAUSES THE NEURORIOTS IN 1115 00:44:33,400 --> 00:44:34,240 CORTICAL NEURONS TO START 1116 00:44:34,240 --> 00:44:35,240 MIGRATING TO PLACES THEY 1117 00:44:35,240 --> 00:44:39,480 SHOULDN'T BE GOING. THAT'S 1118 00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:43,760 BASICALLY WHERE I AM. THANK YOU. 1119 00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:48,480 >> 1120 00:44:48,480 --> 00:44:51,840 >> THANK YOU, DR. KACZMAREK. 1121 00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:53,280 WOULD YOU LIKE TO SAY -- WE HAVE 1122 00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:54,800 ABOUT A MINUTE WOULD YOU LIKE TO 1123 00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:56,160 SAY SOMETHING ABOUT WHERE YU 1124 00:44:56,160 --> 00:44:57,880 THINK THE NEXT CHALLENGE LIES OR 1125 00:44:57,880 --> 00:44:59,120 WHERE YOU MIGHT GO NEXT, NEXT 1126 00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:00,960 STEP? 1127 00:45:00,960 --> 00:45:02,840 >> I THINK IT IS CLEAR TO FIGURE 1128 00:45:02,840 --> 00:45:12,960 OUT IS THIS GOOD OR BAD, DO WE 1129 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:13,840 WANT THOSE COMING OUT DURING 1130 00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:14,760 ALZHEIMER'S, WOULD IT BE BETTER 1131 00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:16,080 TO INHIBIT, PROCESSES STAY WHERE 1132 00:45:16,080 --> 00:45:17,320 THEY ARE AND DON'T LOOK FOR 1133 00:45:17,320 --> 00:45:18,840 OTHER PLACES OR IS THIS PART OF 1134 00:45:18,840 --> 00:45:20,080 A REGENERATIVE PROCESS THAT 1135 00:45:20,080 --> 00:45:22,680 WOULD BE ACCELERATEDDED AND HELP 1136 00:45:22,680 --> 00:45:25,000 CONDITIONS IF THEY CAN FIND NEW 1137 00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:27,640 SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS, KEY 1138 00:45:27,640 --> 00:45:28,040 QUESTION THERE. 1139 00:45:28,040 --> 00:45:28,880 >> LOVE THE NEXT STEP. THANK 1140 00:45:28,880 --> 00:45:36,600 YOU. WE WILL MOVE FORWARD TO DR. 1141 00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:39,760 HONG BO ZHAO, UNIVERSITY OF 1142 00:45:39,760 --> 00:45:40,240 KENTUCKY. 1143 00:45:40,240 --> 00:45:47,280 >> I TURN ON MY CAMERA. DO YO CAMERA. NEXT 1144 00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:52,240 SLIDE. IN OUR STUDY WE USE APP 1145 00:45:52,240 --> 00:45:53,120 PS 1 AD MIOSES AND WE FOUND -- 1146 00:45:53,120 --> 00:45:56,920 WE REPORTED ADR CHANGES IN THE 1147 00:45:56,920 --> 00:45:58,720 ADD DEVELOPMENT ALSO WE HAVE 1148 00:45:58,720 --> 00:46:00,920 DEVELOPED A NEW METHOD TO RECORD 1149 00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:01,880 AUDITORY EVOKE CORTICAL 1150 00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:04,880 POTENTIAL, AECP, IN MICE TO 1151 00:46:04,880 --> 00:46:12,640 ACCESS AECP CHANGES IN AD 1152 00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:15,280 DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION IN 1153 00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:16,920 APP. AND ESSENTIALLY DATA WE 1154 00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:21,960 PUBLISH IN PREVIOUS PAPER. AND 1155 00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:22,880 THIS STUDY WE HAVE ALSO 1156 00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:25,400 INVESTIGATED EFFECT OF HIDDEN 1157 00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:28,520 HEARING LOSS ON THE AD 1158 00:46:28,520 --> 00:46:29,960 DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS. NEXT 1159 00:46:29,960 --> 00:46:36,640 SLIDE. AND THIS IS BETA WE GOT, 1160 00:46:36,640 --> 00:46:42,640 WE GAVE MICE FOR NOISE EXPOSURE 1161 00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:45,840 94 DB SPL AND PANEL A YOU CAN 1162 00:46:45,840 --> 00:46:50,440 SEE THE RED LINE IS THE A PP 1163 00:46:50,440 --> 00:46:53,680 MICE WITH NOISE EXPOSURE AND THE 1164 00:46:53,680 --> 00:46:56,080 BLACK ONE IS MICE WITH NO 1165 00:46:56,080 --> 00:46:59,280 EXPOSURE. YOU CAN SEE AFTER 1166 00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:04,960 NOISE EXPOSURE APP MICE CANNOT 1167 00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:08,680 COMPLETE RECOVERY. AT THE SAME 1168 00:47:08,680 --> 00:47:11,160 EXPOSURE. FOR THE PANEL B YOU 1169 00:47:11,160 --> 00:47:15,040 CAN SEE COMPARED TO THE APP MICE 1170 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:20,720 COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS NOISE 1171 00:47:20,720 --> 00:47:22,040 THE (INAUDIBLE) IS INCREASE THE 1172 00:47:22,040 --> 00:47:27,480 MICE IS OVER SIX MONTHS OLD. 1173 00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:30,520 MOST INTERESTING AFTER NOISE 1174 00:47:30,520 --> 00:47:36,600 EXPOSURE WE MAY PANEL A -- YOU 1175 00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:39,680 CAN SEE COMPARED TO THE WILD 1176 00:47:39,680 --> 00:47:42,000 MICE FOR THE NON-MICE EXPOSURE 1177 00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:44,440 APP MICE, AD MICE, THE NOISE 1178 00:47:44,440 --> 00:47:47,600 EXPOSURE AD MICE HAVE MORE 1179 00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:51,000 SIGNIFICANCE INCREASE FOR A -- 1180 00:47:51,000 --> 00:47:54,640 RATIO. IN HERE PANEL A WE SHOW 1181 00:47:54,640 --> 00:48:01,160 THE CLICK AND ALSO 32-KILOHERTZ. 1182 00:48:01,160 --> 00:48:04,920 AFTER WE EXPOSE MICE AT SIX 1183 00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:10,800 MONTHS OLD AND WE CAN SEE TEN 1184 00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:12,320 MONTHS OLD, AFTER FOUR MONTHS 1185 00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:13,840 THERE IS SIGNIFICANCE. PANEL B 1186 00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:16,240 WE COMPARED APP MICE WITH THE 1187 00:48:16,240 --> 00:48:18,360 NOISE EXPOSURE, APP MICE WITHOUT 1188 00:48:18,360 --> 00:48:20,920 THE NOISE EXPOSURE ALSO WILD 1189 00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:24,440 TYPE MICE THE SAME AGE TWO 1190 00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:27,120 MONTHS OLD CAN SEE RED ONE IS 1191 00:48:27,120 --> 00:48:29,160 APP MICE WITH NOISE EXPOSURE B 1192 00:48:29,160 --> 00:48:31,120 THE BLUE ONE IS APP MICE WITHOUT 1193 00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:34,160 THE NOISE EXPOSURE. AND THE 1194 00:48:34,160 --> 00:48:38,080 BLANK ONE IS WILD MICE. NOISE 1195 00:48:38,080 --> 00:48:44,400 EXPOSURE CAN BE ACCELERATED OR 1196 00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:48,080 MAKE MOUSE WORSE. SO THIS DATA 1197 00:48:48,080 --> 00:48:51,280 SUGGEST THAT HIDDEN HEARING LOSS 1198 00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,400 CAN ACCELERATE AND EXACERBATE AD 1199 00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:57,320 DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. SO 1200 00:48:57,320 --> 00:49:01,600 THIS IS PREVIOUS STUDIES THAT 1201 00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:05,800 INVOLVE A -- REDUCING APP MICE, 1202 00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:07,640 THIS IS ONE -- NEXT SLIDE 1203 00:49:07,640 --> 00:49:13,000 PLEASE. THIS IS THE FOR THE 1204 00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:14,720 AUDITORY EVOKED CORTICAL 1205 00:49:14,720 --> 00:49:17,080 POTENTIAL IN APP AD MICE AND 1206 00:49:17,080 --> 00:49:22,120 WILD TYPE MICE. THE RED ONE MICE 1207 00:49:22,120 --> 00:49:26,120 IS SIGNIFICANT. SO THIS IS THE 1208 00:49:26,120 --> 00:49:28,320 PROGRESS CHANGES IN ACP MICE APP 1209 00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:31,080 AND WILD TYPE MICE WITH AGING. 1210 00:49:31,080 --> 00:49:32,960 THIS DATA IS SIGNIFICANT CHANGES 1211 00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:36,720 FOR INDICATED BY THE RED ARROW, 1212 00:49:36,720 --> 00:49:39,600 THE P 3 IS WAVE FORM, IT IS 1213 00:49:39,600 --> 00:49:42,440 SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN APP 1214 00:49:42,440 --> 00:49:44,840 MICE. IT ALSO PUBLISH -- NEXT 1215 00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:48,480 SLIDE PLEASE. THIS IS FOR THE 1216 00:49:48,480 --> 00:49:49,080 DIFFERENCE SYNAPSE CHANGES DEP 1217 00:49:49,080 --> 00:49:49,920 GENERATION IN APP AND COMPARED 1218 00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:53,920 TO THE WILD TYPE MICE IN THE 1219 00:49:53,920 --> 00:50:00,080 MOUSE MODEL FOUR MONTHS OLD. 1220 00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:03,120 THANK YOU. 1221 00:50:03,120 --> 00:50:10,320 >> THANK YOU. CURIOUS ON NOISE 1222 00:50:10,320 --> 00:50:11,760 EXPOSURE, WHAT LEVEL OF NOISE? 1223 00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:19,640 >> 94 DBS SPL. WILD TYPE NOISE 1224 00:50:19,640 --> 00:50:20,680 TWO HOURS 1225 00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:22,280 >> TWO HOURS PER DAY. 1226 00:50:22,280 --> 00:50:26,600 >> TWO HOURS PER TIME ONE TIME. 1227 00:50:26,600 --> 00:50:27,440 >> JUST ONE TIME. 1228 00:50:27,440 --> 00:50:30,680 >> YEAH. LIKE TRADITIONAL 1229 00:50:30,680 --> 00:50:34,920 (INAUDIBLE) TO MAKE THE HIDDEN 1230 00:50:34,920 --> 00:50:39,880 HEARING LOSS, 1231 00:50:39,880 --> 00:50:43,680 >> THE NEXT STEP. FOR YOU? IF 1232 00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:45,160 YOU CAN CONTINUE THE WORK, THE 1233 00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:47,880 NEXT STEP. 1234 00:50:47,880 --> 00:50:49,200 >> I THINK I WILL BE CONTINUING 1235 00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:55,640 TO DO THE MORE DATA COLLECTION 1236 00:50:55,640 --> 00:51:01,040 AND REGARD -- BECAUSE MICE IS SO 1237 00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:01,560 EXPENSIVE. 1238 00:51:01,560 --> 00:51:02,200 >> AND THERE WAS A QUESTION IN 1239 00:51:02,200 --> 00:51:04,680 THE CHAT ABOUT WHAT IS THE MOUSE 1240 00:51:04,680 --> 00:51:04,880 STREAM? 1241 00:51:04,880 --> 00:51:09,560 >> APP PS 1 AD MICE. 1242 00:51:09,560 --> 00:51:14,080 >> THANK YOU, DR. ZHAO, WE WILL 1243 00:51:14,080 --> 00:51:16,400 MOVE TO DR. KIBUM LEE, 1244 00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:17,920 UNIVERSITY OF RUTGERS. TURN ON 1245 00:51:17,920 --> 00:51:19,000 YOUR VIDEO AS WELL. 1246 00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:20,480 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME OKAY? 1247 00:51:20,480 --> 00:51:24,040 >> I CAN HEAR YOU. 1248 00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:26,880 >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU NIDCD 1249 00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:28,920 AND NIAA. FOR THIS GREAT 1250 00:51:28,920 --> 00:51:33,080 OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT. THESE SO 1251 00:51:33,080 --> 00:51:37,960 I WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS THE -- 1252 00:51:37,960 --> 00:51:45,680 RESPONSIBLE TO REMOVE PROTEIN -- 1253 00:51:45,680 --> 00:51:47,640 ALSO RELATE TO -- PHOSPHOTAU BUT 1254 00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:51,880 ALSO RELATED TO ANY DEFECTIVE 1255 00:51:51,880 --> 00:51:54,080 RESPONSIBLE PROTEIN LIKE ALPHA 1256 00:51:54,080 --> 00:51:55,920 SYNUCLEIN AND AMYLOID BETA WE 1257 00:51:55,920 --> 00:52:02,480 MENTIONED THIS MORNING. SO THE 1258 00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:09,320 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS OF TFEB IS 1259 00:52:09,320 --> 00:52:14,120 IS MAY PROMOTE PHOSPHOTAU 1260 00:52:14,120 --> 00:52:16,680 DEGRADATION. TRANSCRIPTION 1261 00:52:16,680 --> 00:52:18,960 FACTORS MAY CAUSE PHOSPHOTAU 1262 00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:21,040 DEGRADATION IN ALZHEIMER'S 1263 00:52:21,040 --> 00:52:22,360 DISEASE MODEL. THIS IDEA 1264 00:52:22,360 --> 00:52:25,600 DEMONSTRATED BY SCIENCE AND 1265 00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:26,720 AUTOSOMAL AND OTHER USE WE HAVE 1266 00:52:26,720 --> 00:52:30,440 A GOOD TARGET IS CLEAR SEQUENCE 1267 00:52:30,440 --> 00:52:35,680 IN THE KPB PROMOTER REGION. 1268 00:52:35,680 --> 00:52:39,480 TYPICALLY THESE PROTEINS USE 1269 00:52:39,480 --> 00:52:42,960 GENE THERAPY, TYPICAL METHOD BUT 1270 00:52:42,960 --> 00:52:43,960 THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS. NEXT 1271 00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:49,480 ONE PLEASE. SO FROM THE NIDCD 1272 00:52:49,480 --> 00:52:53,040 PARTIAL SUPPORT WE DEVELOPED 1273 00:52:53,040 --> 00:52:54,240 (INAUDIBLE) TRANSCRIPT 1274 00:52:54,240 --> 00:52:57,200 TRANSLOCATE THE NUCLEUS, IT HAS 1275 00:52:57,200 --> 00:52:59,080 MANY DIFFERENT ADVANTAGE WHICH 1276 00:52:59,080 --> 00:53:01,280 CAN OVERCOME SOME INDICATION OF 1277 00:53:01,280 --> 00:53:05,080 VIRAL VECTOR APPROACH. SO THIS 1278 00:53:05,080 --> 00:53:08,400 TECHNOLOGY FULLY DEMONSTRATE 1279 00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:09,680 MANY (INAUDIBLE) PROTEIN STEM 1280 00:53:09,680 --> 00:53:12,880 CELL DIFFERENTIATION SENSORY 1281 00:53:12,880 --> 00:53:15,200 PROGRAMMING IN VITRO IN VIVO. 1282 00:53:15,200 --> 00:53:21,800 AND THEN IN THIS PROJECT, WE 1283 00:53:21,800 --> 00:53:25,320 WOULD LIKE TO -- THIS NANOSCRIPT 1284 00:53:25,320 --> 00:53:27,480 TARGETING TRANSCRIPT VECTORS 1285 00:53:27,480 --> 00:53:28,280 PROTEIN MEDIATED GENE REGULATION 1286 00:53:28,280 --> 00:53:32,520 SO YOU ARE O APPROACH IS WE -- 1287 00:53:32,520 --> 00:53:34,640 OUR APPROACH IS WE FIRST 1288 00:53:34,640 --> 00:53:36,480 GENERATE NANOSCRIPT HAVING CLEAR 1289 00:53:36,480 --> 00:53:37,840 SEQUENCE IN THE DAMAGED NEURON 1290 00:53:37,840 --> 00:53:48,200 AND THEN WE WANT TO RECOVER THE 1291 00:53:48,200 --> 00:53:49,200 AUTOPHAGE LYSOSOMAL PATHWAY. 1292 00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:52,760 THIS CAME OUT WHAT I JUST 1293 00:53:52,760 --> 00:53:54,560 DESCRIBED. SO WE HAVE SOME 1294 00:53:54,560 --> 00:53:57,040 PRELIMINARY DATA, BASICALLY WE 1295 00:53:57,040 --> 00:53:58,880 WOULD LIKE TO COMPLIMENT OR 1296 00:53:58,880 --> 00:54:00,480 COMPLETE WITH CONVENTIONAL 1297 00:54:00,480 --> 00:54:02,360 APPROACH, ONE OF THE APPROACH 1298 00:54:02,360 --> 00:54:05,400 PARTICULAR USE OF VIRUS -- AB 1299 00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:07,880 VIRUS SO THAT WE CAREFULLY 1300 00:54:07,880 --> 00:54:13,240 COMPARE HOW WE CAN OVERCOME SOME 1301 00:54:13,240 --> 00:54:15,200 CONDITIONAL LIMITATION, 1302 00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:16,480 SELECTIVE TARGETED ANTIBODY AND 1303 00:54:16,480 --> 00:54:18,680 EVEN THE GENE ACTIVATION OR GENE 1304 00:54:18,680 --> 00:54:20,360 REPRESSION. SO THE CURRENT DATA 1305 00:54:20,360 --> 00:54:24,520 SHOWS COMPARED TO AAB SO WE HAVE 1306 00:54:24,520 --> 00:54:28,280 SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OVER -- 1307 00:54:28,280 --> 00:54:30,040 JUST MENTIONED. AS ANOTHER 1308 00:54:30,040 --> 00:54:33,640 PRIMARY DATA, NEXT ONE PLEASE. 1309 00:54:33,640 --> 00:54:37,080 COLLABORATION WITH THE -- MY 1310 00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:41,040 COLLEAGUES PARTNERS, SO THE 1311 00:54:41,040 --> 00:54:49,640 FIRST PANEL BASICALLY USING THE 1312 00:54:49,640 --> 00:54:50,640 PHOSPHOTAU THAT WE WANT TO 1313 00:54:50,640 --> 00:54:55,280 DELIVER THE NANOSPACE TO COVER 1314 00:54:55,280 --> 00:54:56,920 AUTO PHAGE PATHWAY AND THE 1315 00:54:56,920 --> 00:55:00,440 BOTTOM SPACE WE TRY TO USE THE 1316 00:55:00,440 --> 00:55:02,280 ANIMAL MOUSE MODEL, CLEARLY 1317 00:55:02,280 --> 00:55:07,680 SHOWS THAT HE HAS -- SORRY SHE 1318 00:55:07,680 --> 00:55:12,960 HAS TAU MOUSE MODEL SO WE WANT 1319 00:55:12,960 --> 00:55:17,080 TO DELIVER NANOSPACE TO RECOVER 1320 00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:18,840 THIS AUTOPHAGE LYSOSOMAL PATHWAY 1321 00:55:18,840 --> 00:55:22,320 SO THAT WE MOVE THE PHOSPHOTAU 1322 00:55:22,320 --> 00:55:24,320 AND SEE SOME BEHAVIOR 1323 00:55:24,320 --> 00:55:29,200 IMPROVEMENT. THANK YOU. 1324 00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:33,040 >> THANK YOU, DR. LEE. LOOKING 1325 00:55:33,040 --> 00:55:34,680 FOR QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT. DO 1326 00:55:34,680 --> 00:55:36,680 YOU HAVE ANY PRELIMINARY DATA ON 1327 00:55:36,680 --> 00:55:39,600 REMOVING IT AND RESTORING IT? 1328 00:55:39,600 --> 00:55:41,280 >> WE HAVE SOME PRELIMINARY DATA 1329 00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:44,920 IN VITRO, IT IS CLEARLY 1330 00:55:44,920 --> 00:55:47,400 PROMISING DATA, RIGHT NOW SO WE 1331 00:55:47,400 --> 00:55:49,680 ARE ALREADY FOCUS ON THE IN VIVO 1332 00:55:49,680 --> 00:55:54,480 ANIMAL MODEL BUT IT TAKES TIME. 1333 00:55:54,480 --> 00:55:58,480 >> ABOUT HOW LONG? WHAT IS TIME 1334 00:55:58,480 --> 00:55:58,680 FRAME? 1335 00:55:58,680 --> 00:56:02,600 >> IN VIVO PROTEIN WE MAINLY 1336 00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:05,080 FOCUS ON TWO DIFFERENT, ONE IS 1337 00:56:05,080 --> 00:56:08,960 ENDOCRINE INJECTION BUT OTHER IS 1338 00:56:08,960 --> 00:56:10,440 (INAUDIBLE) SO EVENTUALLY WE 1339 00:56:10,440 --> 00:56:13,000 WANT DEMON INVESTIGATE THIS 1340 00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:17,120 TECHNOLOGY CAN CROSS THE -- 1341 00:56:17,120 --> 00:56:20,320 DEGENERATE REGION, AGAIN, THAT'S 1342 00:56:20,320 --> 00:56:22,880 CHALLENGING BECAUSE THERE ARE 1343 00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:27,480 MANY ISSUE OF EBV BUT WE HAVE 1344 00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:28,680 SOME PROMISING DATA BUT IT IS 1345 00:56:28,680 --> 00:56:31,520 STILL TOO EARLY. EARLY TO SAY 1346 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:31,800 SOMETHING. 1347 00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:33,200 >> THAT IS OKAY. APPRECIATE IT. 1348 00:56:33,200 --> 00:56:34,080 GOOD TO KNOW IT IS MOVING 1349 00:56:34,080 --> 00:56:37,320 FORWARD. THANK YOU DR. LEE. 1350 00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:46,520 MOVE ON TO DR. ANNE LUEBKE FROM 1351 00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:49,480 UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. 1352 00:56:49,480 --> 00:56:52,240 >> I CAN HEAR YOU. GO AHEAD. 1353 00:56:52,240 --> 00:56:54,600 >> NOT SURE WHY IT IS LETTING ME 1354 00:56:54,600 --> 00:56:57,040 TURN ON MY CAMERA. THANKS AGAIN 1355 00:56:57,040 --> 00:56:58,080 FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT 1356 00:56:58,080 --> 00:57:00,520 OUR ANIMAL STUDIES RELATED TO E 1357 00:57:00,520 --> 00:57:01,800 GENE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 1358 00:57:01,800 --> 00:57:03,120 AND THROUGHOUT THE TALK I WILL 1359 00:57:03,120 --> 00:57:04,960 CALL IT AD BECAUSE I ONLY HAVE 1360 00:57:04,960 --> 00:57:07,640 THREE MINUTES. I WOULD LIKE TO 1361 00:57:07,640 --> 00:57:10,480 ACKNOWLEDGE MY GRADUATE STUDENTS 1362 00:57:10,480 --> 00:57:12,000 AND HER GRADUATE STUDENT AND 1363 00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:15,240 LEFT OUT OF THE SLIDE IS MY 1364 00:57:15,240 --> 00:57:18,000 CO-PI FROM UIC WHO WILL BE 1365 00:57:18,000 --> 00:57:20,040 PERFORMING THE HISTOLOGY. NEXT 1366 00:57:20,040 --> 00:57:24,280 SLIDE PLEASE. NOW I'M ALLOWED 1367 00:57:24,280 --> 00:57:26,960 TO DO IT. WE ARE INTERESTED IN 1368 00:57:26,960 --> 00:57:28,520 THE EARLY DETECTION OF AD AND 1369 00:57:28,520 --> 00:57:30,360 THE AD MOUSE MODEL THAT WE ARE 1370 00:57:30,360 --> 00:57:32,040 USING ARE -- I USE THE SAME ONES 1371 00:57:32,040 --> 00:57:36,280 THAT PAT WHITE USED, THE 5X FAD 1372 00:57:36,280 --> 00:57:37,640 MOUSE WHICH CONTAINS FIVE 1373 00:57:37,640 --> 00:57:40,800 FAMILIAR AD GENES CROSSED WITH 1374 00:57:40,800 --> 00:57:41,680 BACKGROUND STRAIN MOUSE TO 1375 00:57:41,680 --> 00:57:43,160 ENSURE AGE RELATED GENE WAS 1376 00:57:43,160 --> 00:57:45,440 ELIMINATED SO THEY ARE NOT 1377 00:57:45,440 --> 00:57:46,680 CONFOUND AUDITORY STUDIES AND 1378 00:57:46,680 --> 00:57:48,480 NOT VESTIBULAR STUDIES. WE ARE 1379 00:57:48,480 --> 00:57:49,480 INTERESTED IN EARLY EVANS BEFORE 1380 00:57:49,480 --> 00:57:51,920 THE COGNITIVE DECLINE AS THERE 1381 00:57:51,920 --> 00:57:53,000 MAYBE MORE OPTIONS FOR 1382 00:57:53,000 --> 00:57:54,680 TREATMENT, IF AD CAN BE DETECTED 1383 00:57:54,680 --> 00:57:58,720 EARLIER. AIM'S PREMISE IS BASED 1384 00:57:58,720 --> 00:58:00,280 ON AD CLINICAL STUDIES 1385 00:58:00,280 --> 00:58:02,480 IMPAIRMENTS AND IMBALANCE THAT 1386 00:58:02,480 --> 00:58:04,080 OCCUR DECADES BEFORE COGNITIVE 1387 00:58:04,080 --> 00:58:07,040 DECLINE IN PATIENTS AND AIM 2 IS 1388 00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:08,680 ON TWO PREMISES, OCCURRING 1389 00:58:08,680 --> 00:58:11,880 BEFORE THE AD COGNITIVE DECLINE 1390 00:58:11,880 --> 00:58:13,000 AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS ROBUST 1391 00:58:13,000 --> 00:58:15,240 THRESHOLDS AND EXTENDED HIGH 1392 00:58:15,240 --> 00:58:16,440 FREQUENCY REGION, HAVE BEEN 1393 00:58:16,440 --> 00:58:19,240 LINKED TO BETTER AUDITORY 1394 00:58:19,240 --> 00:58:22,400 PROCESSING. HOW CAN WE ASSESS 1395 00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:25,640 STATIC IMBALANCE OR POSTURAL 1396 00:58:25,640 --> 00:58:26,680 SWAY IN MICE? IN PATIENTS SWAY 1397 00:58:26,680 --> 00:58:29,000 IS ASSESSED USING A FORCE 1398 00:58:29,000 --> 00:58:30,520 PLATFORM WHERE SUBJECTS STAND 1399 00:58:30,520 --> 00:58:32,360 STILL WITH EYES OPEN, EYES CLOSE 1400 00:58:32,360 --> 00:58:34,240 AND OTHER PERTURBATIONS. IN MICE 1401 00:58:34,240 --> 00:58:37,440 THIS IS TRICKIER. INSTEAD PLACE 1402 00:58:37,440 --> 00:58:39,240 THE MOUSE IN SIMILAR SENSITIVE 1403 00:58:39,240 --> 00:58:41,080 FORCE PLATFORM IN A SENSE WHEN 1404 00:58:41,080 --> 00:58:45,360 STILL HAND THAT IS PERIPHERY BIG 1405 00:58:45,360 --> 00:58:46,480 YOU GIVE SHORT FIVE MINUTE 1406 00:58:46,480 --> 00:58:48,320 ORBITAL ROTATION AND REASSESS 1407 00:58:48,320 --> 00:58:50,120 SWAY. THE BALANCE OR GATE IS USE 1408 00:58:50,120 --> 00:58:52,680 THE -- WITH LARGER RAT AND AFTER 1409 00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:54,080 TRAINING ASSESS THE TIME TO 1410 00:58:54,080 --> 00:58:56,160 FOLLOW-UP BEFORE AND AFTER 1411 00:58:56,160 --> 00:58:57,520 SIMILAR SHORTER VESTIBULAR 1412 00:58:57,520 --> 00:58:59,920 CHALLENGE. 1413 00:58:59,920 --> 00:59:03,040 BEFORE WE CAN USE THIS NEW 1414 00:59:03,040 --> 00:59:03,800 POSTURAL SWAY ASSAY FOR MICE WE 1415 00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:07,160 NEED TO ENSURE SO WE TESTED 1416 00:59:07,160 --> 00:59:10,160 POSTURAL SWAY TO FOUR LEGGED TOY 1417 00:59:10,160 --> 00:59:11,800 MOIST IN FIGURE D BLOWN UP AND 1418 00:59:11,800 --> 00:59:14,520 WE CAN CALCULATE A CENTER OF 1419 00:59:14,520 --> 00:59:16,960 PRESSURE, SO IN THE POSTURAL 1420 00:59:16,960 --> 00:59:19,800 SWAY FIELD CENTER PRESSURE IS 1421 00:59:19,800 --> 00:59:22,400 AREA OF ELLIPSE ENCOMPASSING 95% 1422 00:59:22,400 --> 00:59:25,440 SWAY POINTS. FOR EACH MOUSE WE 1423 00:59:25,440 --> 00:59:27,120 TEST SWAY BEFORE AN AFTER 1424 00:59:27,120 --> 00:59:29,720 VESTIBULAR CHALLENGE AND BNC YOU 1425 00:59:29,720 --> 00:59:31,720 CAN SEE EXAMPLES O THREE SWAY 1426 00:59:31,720 --> 00:59:34,480 AREAS WHICH IS THREE TESTS, FOR 1427 00:59:34,480 --> 00:59:36,120 FEMALE AND MALE MICE AND SINCE 1428 00:59:36,120 --> 00:59:37,800 SCAM IS LARGER ON THIS YOU CAN 1429 00:59:37,800 --> 00:59:40,560 SEE THERE'S TINY LITTLE DOT AT 1430 00:59:40,560 --> 00:59:43,200 BOTTOM RIGHT AND THAT IS OUR TOY 1431 00:59:43,200 --> 00:59:44,800 MOUSE SWAY LIST SO OBVIOUSLY 1432 00:59:44,800 --> 00:59:47,280 THERE IS NO -- IT IS AVENUESTIVE 1433 00:59:47,280 --> 00:59:50,120 MEASURE. WHEN WE TESTED SWAY FOR 1434 00:59:50,120 --> 00:59:53,320 THREE MONTHS 5X FAD MICE AN 1435 00:59:53,320 --> 00:59:55,960 COMPARED THEIR 5X CONTROL LITTER 1436 00:59:55,960 --> 00:59:59,040 MATES, WE FOUND NO DIFFERENCE IN 1437 00:59:59,040 --> 01:00:01,960 MALE 5X FAD CONTROLS AND 1438 01:00:01,960 --> 01:00:03,360 POSTURAL SWAY, BEFORE OR AFTER 1439 01:00:03,360 --> 01:00:05,560 CHALLENGE. THOSE ARE THE BLUE 1440 01:00:05,560 --> 01:00:09,040 OPEN OR CLOSE DOTS. WE DID FIND 1441 01:00:09,040 --> 01:00:10,400 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN SWAY 1442 01:00:10,400 --> 01:00:12,880 IN FEMALE 5X FAD MICE WHEN 1443 01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:14,760 COMPARED TO CONTROLS. SIMILAR TO 1444 01:00:14,760 --> 01:00:18,720 AD PATIENTS. THE BALANCE TESTING 1445 01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:23,680 IS ONGOING. OUR -- WE DID A 1446 01:00:23,680 --> 01:00:25,880 PIVOT FOR AIM 2 AS YOU RECALL 1447 01:00:25,880 --> 01:00:28,440 FROM PAT'S TALK, AUDITORY NOSH 1448 01:00:28,440 --> 01:00:30,680 THRESHOLDS WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN 1449 01:00:30,680 --> 01:00:32,280 5X FAD AND CONTROL MICE AT THREE 1450 01:00:32,280 --> 01:00:34,360 AND SIX MONTHS. SO WE PIVOTED 1451 01:00:34,360 --> 01:00:36,280 AND AIM 2 PLANNING TO TEST 1452 01:00:36,280 --> 01:00:38,720 HEARING AN NOISE ABILITY USING 1453 01:00:38,720 --> 01:00:39,920 ACOUSTIC STARTLE, AND WE ALSO 1454 01:00:39,920 --> 01:00:44,920 WILL BE TEST TESTING AVR AND 1455 01:00:44,920 --> 01:00:49,000 HIGH FREQUENCY COCHLEAR REGIONS. 1456 01:00:49,000 --> 01:00:50,960 SO TODAY WE DETERMINED WE CAN 1457 01:00:50,960 --> 01:00:53,040 DETECT POSTURAL SWAY DIFFERENCE 1458 01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:57,040 IN THREE MONTHS OLD FEMALE 5X 1459 01:00:57,040 --> 01:01:00,360 FAD MICE. FUTURE STUDIES ASSAY 1460 01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:02,280 EARLY TREATMENT WITH AD APPROVED 1461 01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:03,640 DRUGS BLOCK OR DELAY AD 1462 01:01:03,640 --> 01:01:05,520 PROGRESSION IN THIS AND OTHER 1463 01:01:05,520 --> 01:01:08,200 MOUSE MODELS ESPECIALLY THE APOE 1464 01:01:08,200 --> 01:01:09,480 4 MICE MODEL THAT WAS MENTIONED 1465 01:01:09,480 --> 01:01:12,160 EARLIER. INFECTION WITH MOUSE 1466 01:01:12,160 --> 01:01:13,840 ADAPTED SARS COV-2 VIRUS CAN 1467 01:01:13,840 --> 01:01:15,080 MODEL HIGHER COVID 1468 01:01:15,080 --> 01:01:19,160 SUSCEPTIBILITY IN AD PATIENTS. 1469 01:01:19,160 --> 01:01:20,000 I'M HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS 1470 01:01:20,000 --> 01:01:24,560 RIGHT NOW. IF ANYONE WANTS TO 1471 01:01:24,560 --> 01:01:27,360 ASK OTHER COVID RELATED STUFF ON 1472 01:01:27,360 --> 01:01:29,040 THE SLIDE I CAN ANSWER THAT. 1473 01:01:29,040 --> 01:01:32,120 >> THANKS, ANNE, I DON'T SEE 1474 01:01:32,120 --> 01:01:33,440 ANYTHING IN THE CHAT BUT I WAS 1475 01:01:33,440 --> 01:01:37,280 CURIOUS WHY THE SEX DIFFERENCES 1476 01:01:37,280 --> 01:01:37,800 DO YOU THINK? 1477 01:01:37,800 --> 01:01:40,920 >> WE DON'T KNOW. WE SEE SEX 1478 01:01:40,920 --> 01:01:43,600 DIFFERENCES IN POSTURAL SWAY, IN 1479 01:01:43,600 --> 01:01:47,040 ACTUALLY OUR APPARENT GRANTS ON 1480 01:01:47,040 --> 01:01:48,080 VESTIBULAR MIGRAINE AND WE SEE 1481 01:01:48,080 --> 01:01:51,720 IT IN VESTIBULAR MIGRAINE 2, BUT 1482 01:01:51,720 --> 01:01:53,680 THERE ARE MORE FEMALES GET 1483 01:01:53,680 --> 01:01:56,080 ALZHEIMER'S THAN MALES. THERE'S 1484 01:01:56,080 --> 01:01:57,440 MORE PREVALENT. IT IS A FOUR TO 1485 01:01:57,440 --> 01:01:59,680 ONE MAYBE A THREE TO ONE. SO 1486 01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:00,480 COULD BE THAT WE ARE PICKING 1487 01:02:00,480 --> 01:02:03,880 THAT UP. WE ARE CONTINUING TO 1488 01:02:03,880 --> 01:02:07,560 TEST MICE AT SIX MONTHS OUT. THE 1489 01:02:07,560 --> 01:02:09,720 MALE MICE AND ALL THE SAY ASSAY 1490 01:02:09,720 --> 01:02:11,080 AND SO FORTH TO SEE IF THEY WILL 1491 01:02:11,080 --> 01:02:12,680 SHOW THE DEFICIT JUST A LITTLE 1492 01:02:12,680 --> 01:02:13,680 BIT LATER THAN THE FEMALE MICE 1493 01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:17,520 DO. THEN JUST A QUICK -- THE 1494 01:02:17,520 --> 01:02:20,960 REASON OF DOING POTENTIAL COVID 1495 01:02:20,960 --> 01:02:22,480 IS WE HAVE PROOF WE CAN ACTUALLY 1496 01:02:22,480 --> 01:02:25,000 INFECT THE MOUSE ADAPTED COVID 1497 01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:28,160 MOUSE ADAPTED SARS COV-2 VIRUS 1498 01:02:28,160 --> 01:02:34,320 IN TO KNOCK OUT ANIMALS. 1499 01:02:34,320 --> 01:02:36,360 THERE'S PAPER RECENT PAPER THAT 1500 01:02:36,360 --> 01:02:38,600 SHOWED IN ADDITION TO PERHAPS 1501 01:02:38,600 --> 01:02:40,040 HAVING COVID TO SWEEP THROUGH 1502 01:02:40,040 --> 01:02:42,480 THE NURSING HOMES AND MEMORY 1503 01:02:42,480 --> 01:02:45,280 CARE CENTERS THERE COULD BE A 1504 01:02:45,280 --> 01:02:47,800 MECHANISM FOR WHY ALZHEIMER'S 1505 01:02:47,800 --> 01:02:49,480 PATIENTS WERE MORE AFFECTED. 1506 01:02:49,480 --> 01:02:54,280 THAT IS TO DO WITH INCREASE IL 6 1507 01:02:54,280 --> 01:02:57,600 AND SARS COV-2 BINDING TO THE 1508 01:02:57,600 --> 01:03:00,040 THETA AMYLOID IMPROVING SARS 1509 01:03:00,040 --> 01:03:01,880 COV-2 BINDING TO ACE RECEPTOR. 1510 01:03:01,880 --> 01:03:03,680 >> THANKS, ANNE. THANK YOU VERY 1511 01:03:03,680 --> 01:03:10,880 MUCH. NEXT WE HAVE DR. SRIRAM 1512 01:03:10,880 --> 01:03:12,840 JAYABAL FROM STANFORD. UNMUTE 1513 01:03:12,840 --> 01:03:13,600 AND PUT YOUR CAMERA ON. 1514 01:03:13,600 --> 01:03:15,880 >> THANK YOU FOR THIS 1515 01:03:15,880 --> 01:03:17,160 OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE THIS FORUM. 1516 01:03:17,160 --> 01:03:18,920 GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE, TODAY 1517 01:03:18,920 --> 01:03:22,120 I WILL TALK TO YOU ABOUT CELL 1518 01:03:22,120 --> 01:03:23,920 BELLAIRE MEMORY DEFICITS IN 1519 01:03:23,920 --> 01:03:28,080 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THE CENTRAL 1520 01:03:28,080 --> 01:03:31,680 FOCUS OF IS ON THE CORTEX. GIVEN 1521 01:03:31,680 --> 01:03:33,000 MOUNTING EVIDENCE THAT 1522 01:03:33,000 --> 01:03:37,040 CEREBELLUM IS INVOLVED IN HIGHER 1523 01:03:37,040 --> 01:03:39,400 COGNITIVE FUNCTION WE WANT -- 1524 01:03:39,400 --> 01:03:40,080 CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S 1525 01:03:40,080 --> 01:03:42,480 DISEASE. ADVANCE. SO THERE'S 1526 01:03:42,480 --> 01:03:43,760 BEEN SOME LIMITED EVIDENCE SOME 1527 01:03:43,760 --> 01:03:47,400 WHICH IS DOCUMENTED DEFICITS IN 1528 01:03:47,400 --> 01:03:50,480 CEREBELLAR ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY 1529 01:03:50,480 --> 01:03:51,880 AND BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE 1530 01:03:51,880 --> 01:03:52,680 INCLUDING EYE MOVEMENT 1531 01:03:52,680 --> 01:03:54,400 PERFORMANCE. WE WANTED TO EXTEND 1532 01:03:54,400 --> 01:03:55,720 THIS IN MORE SPECIFICALLY ASK, 1533 01:03:55,720 --> 01:03:57,360 IS IT THE LEARNING OR MEMORY 1534 01:03:57,360 --> 01:04:04,080 THAT IS AFFECTED? WE DID ADVANCE 1535 01:04:04,080 --> 01:04:05,640 A PARTICULAR KIND OF BEHAVIOR 1536 01:04:05,640 --> 01:04:09,840 CALLED VESTIBULAR REFLEX WHICH 1537 01:04:09,840 --> 01:04:12,000 MAKES COMPANYTORY TO VESTIBULAR 1538 01:04:12,000 --> 01:04:14,360 STIMULATION TO STIMULATE RETINA. 1539 01:04:14,360 --> 01:04:17,000 ONE CAN QUANTIFY THIS WITH -- 1540 01:04:17,000 --> 01:04:19,920 WHICH ESSENTIALLY MEASURES HOW 1541 01:04:19,920 --> 01:04:21,480 MUCH THE EYE MOVES IN RESPONSE 1542 01:04:21,480 --> 01:04:24,280 TO RED REST OF THE HEAD 1543 01:04:24,280 --> 01:04:28,840 STIMULUS. THIS TASK HAS BEEN 1544 01:04:28,840 --> 01:04:31,040 USED AS A MODEL FOR LEARNING 1545 01:04:31,040 --> 01:04:33,000 MEMORY, AS YOU CAN TRAIN THE 1546 01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:36,920 MOUSE TO INCREASE ITS GAIN. WE 1547 01:04:36,920 --> 01:04:39,160 DO THIS IN LABORATORY BY PAIRING 1548 01:04:39,160 --> 01:04:45,000 VISUAL STIMULUS, THAT IS MOVING 1549 01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:47,680 OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO VESTIBULAR 1550 01:04:47,680 --> 01:04:55,400 STIMULUS. WE TRAIN 5X MICE WHICH 1551 01:04:55,400 --> 01:04:58,520 HARBOR -- AND ASSESS HOW THE 1552 01:04:58,520 --> 01:05:00,080 PROGRESS BY PRESENTING JUST 1553 01:05:00,080 --> 01:05:03,080 VESTIBULAR STIMULUS AT TIME 1554 01:05:03,080 --> 01:05:04,880 COURSE. AS YOU CAN SEE THE WILD 1555 01:05:04,880 --> 01:05:06,920 TYPE MICE CAN LEARN QUITE WELL 1556 01:05:06,920 --> 01:05:08,200 TO INCREASE ITS GAIN OVER THE 1557 01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:12,280 COURSE OF LEARNING. SO CAN THE 1558 01:05:12,280 --> 01:05:14,920 ALZHEIMER'S MICE. IT CAN JUST 1559 01:05:14,920 --> 01:05:17,040 (INAUDIBLE) QUITE AS WELL. SO 1560 01:05:17,040 --> 01:05:18,200 THERE SEEMS TO BE -- SEEMS TO BE 1561 01:05:18,200 --> 01:05:21,320 THE CASE THAT THE LEARNING IS 1562 01:05:21,320 --> 01:05:25,040 RESERVED IN ALZHEIMER'S. HOW 1563 01:05:25,040 --> 01:05:28,720 ABOUT THE MEMORY? SO TO LOOK AT 1564 01:05:28,720 --> 01:05:30,040 MEMORY, WE ASK HOW MUCH OF THE 1565 01:05:30,040 --> 01:05:34,920 LEARN IS RETAINED AT 2 AND 24 1566 01:05:34,920 --> 01:05:37,640 HOURS AFTER, ADVANCE. THE WILD 1567 01:05:37,640 --> 01:05:43,080 TYPE MICE (INAUDIBLE) AT 24 1568 01:05:43,080 --> 01:05:46,880 HOURS. THE ALZHEIMER'S MICE 1569 01:05:46,880 --> 01:05:48,840 SHOWS TREND TOWARDS DO OVERS 1570 01:05:48,840 --> 01:05:51,600 ADVANCE AND SIGNIFICANTLY 1571 01:05:51,600 --> 01:05:53,120 FORGETS AT 24 HOURS. SO WHAT I'M 1572 01:05:53,120 --> 01:05:55,000 SHOWING YOU HERE IS A CLEAR SET 1573 01:05:55,000 --> 01:05:58,120 OF MEMORY DEFICIT. THIS IS VERY 1574 01:05:58,120 --> 01:06:00,320 EXCITING, AND THIS MEANS THAT 1575 01:06:00,320 --> 01:06:01,240 THERE COULD BE BIGGER 1576 01:06:01,240 --> 01:06:04,400 CONTRIBUTION FROM THE CEREBELLUM 1577 01:06:04,400 --> 01:06:05,920 TO OTHER MEMORY DEFICITS IN 1578 01:06:05,920 --> 01:06:08,960 ALZHEIMER'S DEISM IT IS VERY 1579 01:06:08,960 --> 01:06:10,600 INTERESTING BECAUSE WE FOUND 1580 01:06:10,600 --> 01:06:12,960 THAT IT IS NOT THAT ALL 1581 01:06:12,960 --> 01:06:16,280 CEREBELLAR MEMORY ARE IMPAIRED. 1582 01:06:16,280 --> 01:06:19,000 WE CAN ALSO TRAIN THE MICE TO 1583 01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:20,680 DECREASE THE GAIN BY PRESENTING 1584 01:06:20,680 --> 01:06:21,760 VISUAL STIMULUS THAT IS MOVING 1585 01:06:21,760 --> 01:06:25,400 IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THE 1586 01:06:25,400 --> 01:06:26,800 VESTIBULAR STIMULUS, YOU CAN SEE 1587 01:06:26,800 --> 01:06:30,960 WILD TYPE CAN DECREASE ADVANCE. 1588 01:06:30,960 --> 01:06:35,400 THE ALZHEIMER'S MICE CAN LEARN 1589 01:06:35,400 --> 01:06:38,200 BEHAVIOR AS WELL. IF YOU LOOK AT 1590 01:06:38,200 --> 01:06:40,920 MEMORY THE WILD TYPE MICE 1591 01:06:40,920 --> 01:06:42,480 ADVANCE THE ALZHEIMER'S MICE 1592 01:06:42,480 --> 01:06:45,280 GETS AS MUCH BUT NOT MORE. SO 1593 01:06:45,280 --> 01:06:47,040 THERE SEEMS NO SIGNIFICANT 1594 01:06:47,040 --> 01:06:48,520 CHANGE IN THE GENOTYPE SO JUST 1595 01:06:48,520 --> 01:06:50,840 TO PUT IT ALL TOGETHER THERE 1596 01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:52,920 SEEMS TO BE LIKE SELECTIVE 1597 01:06:52,920 --> 01:06:54,360 IMPAIRMENT OF CEREBELLAR MEMORY 1598 01:06:54,360 --> 01:06:55,480 IN ALZHEIMER'S MICE. THERE IS A 1599 01:06:55,480 --> 01:06:58,240 CLEAR MEMORY DEFICIT AND IT IS 1600 01:06:58,240 --> 01:06:59,800 SELECTIVE DEPENDING ON THE TASK. 1601 01:06:59,800 --> 01:07:08,760 SO I WOULD LIKE TO THANK 1602 01:07:08,760 --> 01:07:09,880 MACARENA, JENNIFER FOR EXPLORING 1603 01:07:09,880 --> 01:07:14,880 THIS NEW LINE OF INQUIRY AND 1604 01:07:14,880 --> 01:07:15,720 (INDISCERNIBLE) FOR FUNDING THE 1605 01:07:15,720 --> 01:07:18,040 STUDY. I HOPE I LEFT YOU NOT 1606 01:07:18,040 --> 01:07:20,960 ONLY WITH A GOOD MEMORY OF THE 1607 01:07:20,960 --> 01:07:23,240 WORK ADVANCE BUT -- AS WELL. 1608 01:07:23,240 --> 01:07:23,720 THANK YOU. 1609 01:07:23,720 --> 01:07:26,160 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THERE 1610 01:07:26,160 --> 01:07:27,480 ARE COUPLE OF QUESTIONS IN THE 1611 01:07:27,480 --> 01:07:30,280 CHAT.CHAT. HOW OLD ARE THE MICE IN 1612 01:07:30,280 --> 01:07:31,680 THE LEARNING PARADIGM? 1613 01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:33,640 >> 5 TO 7 MONTHS. 1614 01:07:33,640 --> 01:07:36,280 >> EX THE MICE COMPENSATE FOR 1615 01:07:36,280 --> 01:07:39,800 LOSS OF CANAL INPUT IS ANOTHER 1616 01:07:39,800 --> 01:07:40,080 QUESTION? 1617 01:07:40,080 --> 01:07:42,080 >> WE HAVEN'T ASSESSED THAT 1618 01:07:42,080 --> 01:07:43,360 DIRECTLY. BUT THE FACT THAT 1619 01:07:43,360 --> 01:07:48,920 THERE IS A DEFICIT INDICATES 1620 01:07:48,920 --> 01:07:51,440 MAYBE THEY CANNOT AFTER 7 OR 8 1621 01:07:51,440 --> 01:07:54,680 MONTHS OLD. I HAVEN'T -- THEN 1622 01:07:54,680 --> 01:07:56,360 THERE IS ONSET OF DISEASE AND 1623 01:07:56,360 --> 01:07:58,560 HOW PROGRESSIVE DEFICITS GET SO 1624 01:07:58,560 --> 01:08:00,360 ONCE WE DO THAT I WILL BE ABLE 1625 01:08:00,360 --> 01:08:04,080 TO ANSWER THAT QUESTION. AND 1626 01:08:04,080 --> 01:08:06,040 OTHER MEMORIES WE CAN -- 1627 01:08:06,040 --> 01:08:07,880 CONDITIONING. THAT IS A GREAT 1628 01:08:07,880 --> 01:08:09,640 QUESTION. OUR LAB IS NOT 1629 01:08:09,640 --> 01:08:11,040 EQUIPPED TO DO CONDITIONING BUT 1630 01:08:11,040 --> 01:08:14,480 WE ARE ASSESSING OTHER FORMS OF 1631 01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:16,720 MOTOR MEMORY WHICH ARE DEPENDENT 1632 01:08:16,720 --> 01:08:18,960 ON DIFFERENT CELLULAR MECHANISM, 1633 01:08:18,960 --> 01:08:21,280 THAT SHED LIGHT ON SELECTIVE 1634 01:08:21,280 --> 01:08:24,920 IMPAIRMENT. DO WE KNOW -- 1635 01:08:24,920 --> 01:08:27,800 >> MEMORY ROTATIONS ARE STORED 1636 01:08:27,800 --> 01:08:28,680 IN CEREBELLUM AND ELSEWHERE. 1637 01:08:28,680 --> 01:08:30,280 >> THAT IS AN EXCELLENT 1638 01:08:30,280 --> 01:08:32,280 QUESTION, WE KNOW THERE IS 1639 01:08:32,280 --> 01:08:32,880 SYSTEM CONSOLIDATION HAPPENING 1640 01:08:32,880 --> 01:08:35,200 IN THE CEREBELLUM SO WE THINK 1641 01:08:35,200 --> 01:08:36,200 THE MEMORIES GET TRANSPORTED 1642 01:08:36,200 --> 01:08:38,680 FROM THE -- SO JUST THE BRAIN 1643 01:08:38,680 --> 01:08:41,360 REGION THAT -- ONE SYNAPSE DOWN 1644 01:08:41,360 --> 01:08:43,120 THE VESTIBULAR -- AND IT IS THE 1645 01:08:43,120 --> 01:08:45,280 PHYSIOLOGY OF THIS PARTICULAR 1646 01:08:45,280 --> 01:08:47,480 SYNAPSE THAT WOULD LEAD TO 1647 01:08:47,480 --> 01:08:47,920 SELECTIVE --. 1648 01:08:47,920 --> 01:08:49,440 >> I WILL STOP YOU, THERE ARE 1649 01:08:49,440 --> 01:08:50,760 MORE IN THE CHAT, IF YOU ANSWER 1650 01:08:50,760 --> 01:08:53,200 THEM IN THE CHAT. THANK YOU. I 1651 01:08:53,200 --> 01:08:59,200 HAD MORE MYSELF. SO DOCTOR JUDY 1652 01:08:59,200 --> 01:09:00,720 DUBNO, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH 1653 01:09:00,720 --> 01:09:02,640 CAROLINA, IF YOU CAN UNMUTE AND 1654 01:09:02,640 --> 01:09:03,880 SHOW YOUR VIDEO FOR US. 1655 01:09:03,880 --> 01:09:07,000 >> HI, EVERYONE, THANKS TO NIDCD 1656 01:09:07,000 --> 01:09:10,440 AND I FOR BRINGS US TOGETHER 1657 01:09:10,440 --> 01:09:17,760 TODAY FOR SCIENCE, I ALSO LIKE 1658 01:09:17,760 --> 01:09:19,320 TO THANK -- (INDISCERNIBLE) AS 1659 01:09:19,320 --> 01:09:24,400 WELL AS MORAG LOUIS AND ERIC 1660 01:09:24,400 --> 01:09:25,280 HAMLETT INVESTIGATOR MS. THE 1661 01:09:25,280 --> 01:09:30,640 SUPPLEMENT. OUR GOALS TO DEFINE, 1662 01:09:30,640 --> 01:09:32,440 OUR GOAL IN THIS PROJECT WAS TO 1663 01:09:32,440 --> 01:09:35,000 FIND AND COMPARE MOLECULAR 1664 01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:38,080 CELLULAR ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED 1665 01:09:38,080 --> 01:09:41,760 WITH PRESBYACUSIS AND AD. THIS 1666 01:09:41,760 --> 01:09:43,000 WAS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE CLINICAL 1667 01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:44,800 RESEARCH CENTER THE APPROACH WAS 1668 01:09:44,800 --> 01:09:46,680 MULTI-FACETED INCLUDING HUMAN 1669 01:09:46,680 --> 01:09:48,480 GENETICS, HUMAN BRAINS AND 1670 01:09:48,480 --> 01:09:49,640 TEMPORAL BONES AND MOUSE MODELS 1671 01:09:49,640 --> 01:09:55,640 OF AD. TWO AIMS ON GENETIC 1672 01:09:55,640 --> 01:09:57,280 VARIANTS AND ASSOCIATED 1673 01:09:57,280 --> 01:09:59,520 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN ANIMAL 1674 01:09:59,520 --> 01:10:01,200 MODELS. AND PATHOLOGIC 1675 01:10:01,200 --> 01:10:06,520 CONSEQUENCES IN HUMAN BRAINS AND 1676 01:10:06,520 --> 01:10:09,120 TEMPORAL. . OUR HYPOTHESIS WAS 1677 01:10:09,120 --> 01:10:11,840 THAT AD NEUROPATHOLOGY SEVERITY 1678 01:10:11,840 --> 01:10:13,080 CORRELATES WITH AUDITORY SYSTEM 1679 01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:14,720 PATHOLOGY SEVERITY AND COULD BE 1680 01:10:14,720 --> 01:10:16,920 CONCORDANT WITH GENETIC VARIANTS 1681 01:10:16,920 --> 01:10:18,080 OF INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO 1682 01:10:18,080 --> 01:10:24,120 AGE RELATED HEARING LOSS. WE 1683 01:10:24,120 --> 01:10:25,640 HAVE TWO AIMS THE FIRST AIM 1684 01:10:25,640 --> 01:10:27,920 DETERMINES EXTENT OF OVERLAP OF 1685 01:10:27,920 --> 01:10:29,240 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH HEARING 1686 01:10:29,240 --> 01:10:30,800 IMPAIRMENT AND THOSE ASSOCIATED 1687 01:10:30,800 --> 01:10:34,680 WITH DEMENTIA. AND WE USE TWO 1688 01:10:34,680 --> 01:10:36,680 MUTANT MOUSE MODELS OF DEMENTIA, 1689 01:10:36,680 --> 01:10:38,760 VASCULAR DEMENTIA AND AD TO ASK 1690 01:10:38,760 --> 01:10:42,480 IF HEARING LOSS OCCURS BEFORE 1691 01:10:42,480 --> 01:10:44,080 REPORTED SCIENCE OF BRAIN OR 1692 01:10:44,080 --> 01:10:47,360 COGNITIVE DEFICITS. IN AIM 2 WE 1693 01:10:47,360 --> 01:10:48,880 DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF 1694 01:10:48,880 --> 01:10:51,040 PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL AUDITORY 1695 01:10:51,040 --> 01:10:53,160 SYSTEM PATHOLOGY AND 1696 01:10:53,160 --> 01:10:54,360 NEUROPATHOLOGY SEVERITY IN 1697 01:10:54,360 --> 01:10:55,840 BRAINS AND TEMPORAL BONES FROM 1698 01:10:55,840 --> 01:10:58,080 HUMAN DONORS WITH AND WITHOUT 1699 01:10:58,080 --> 01:11:02,040 CONFIRMED DIAGNOSES OF AD ADRD. 1700 01:11:02,040 --> 01:11:03,880 FOR AIM 2 WE ARE CURRENTLY 1701 01:11:03,880 --> 01:11:04,720 COMPLETING PROCESSING AND 1702 01:11:04,720 --> 01:11:06,680 ANALYSIS OF TISSUE FROM NORMAL 1703 01:11:06,680 --> 01:11:08,080 CONTROLS WITH PROMISING 1704 01:11:08,080 --> 01:11:10,680 PRELIMINARY FINDINGS, BUT TOO 1705 01:11:10,680 --> 01:11:19,680 EARLY TO REPORT. KAREN STEEL 1706 01:11:19,680 --> 01:11:23,000 WILL PRESENT RESULTS FROM AIM 1, 1707 01:11:23,000 --> 01:11:23,640 PLEASE INCREASE YOUR AUDIO LEVEL 1708 01:11:23,640 --> 01:11:27,320 TO BE SURE YOU CAN HEAR KAREN'S 1709 01:11:27,320 --> 01:11:27,840 NARRATION. 1710 01:11:27,840 --> 01:11:31,040 >> HELLO. THIS IS KAREN STEEL 1711 01:11:31,040 --> 01:11:32,240 FROM (INAUDIBLE) I WOULD LIKE TO 1712 01:11:32,240 --> 01:11:33,720 HIGHLIGHT TWO APPROACHES THAT WE 1713 01:11:33,720 --> 01:11:36,520 HAVE USED TO EXPLORE LINK 1714 01:11:36,520 --> 01:11:38,480 BETWEEN HEARING LOSS AND 1715 01:11:38,480 --> 01:11:40,760 DEMENTIA. THE FIRST EXAMPLE IS 1716 01:11:40,760 --> 01:11:42,480 SHOWN THIS SLIDE, WHERE WE HAVE 1717 01:11:42,480 --> 01:11:44,240 COMPARED THE GENES INVOLVED IN 1718 01:11:44,240 --> 01:11:45,640 HEARING LOSS AND GENES INVOLVED 1719 01:11:45,640 --> 01:11:49,760 IN DEMENTIA. WE HAVE A CURATED 1720 01:11:49,760 --> 01:11:53,040 LIST OF 720 GENES INVOLVED IN 1721 01:11:53,040 --> 01:11:55,240 HUMAN IMPAIRMENT IN SOME SORT IN 1722 01:11:55,240 --> 01:11:58,080 HUMAN AND MOUSE AND TOOK 1723 01:11:58,080 --> 01:12:00,880 LITERATURE TOTAL OF 147 GENES 1724 01:12:00,880 --> 01:12:02,840 PUBLISHED TO BE ASSOCIATE WITH 1725 01:12:02,840 --> 01:12:04,120 DEMENTIA. WE FOUND NO 1726 01:12:04,120 --> 01:12:06,520 SIGNIFICANT OVERLAP BETWEEN 1727 01:12:06,520 --> 01:12:08,200 THESE TWO GENES, THERE ARE ONLY 1728 01:12:08,200 --> 01:12:10,720 7 GENES OCCUR ON DEMENTIA LIST 1729 01:12:10,720 --> 01:12:13,000 AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT LIST. SO 1730 01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:14,920 WE FOUND LITTLE EVIDENCE FOR 1731 01:12:14,920 --> 01:12:18,240 COMMON SHARED GENETIC UNDERLYING 1732 01:12:18,240 --> 01:12:23,040 HEARING LOSS AND DEMENTIA. THE 1733 01:12:23,040 --> 01:12:24,680 SECOND APPROACH WE HAVE USED IS 1734 01:12:24,680 --> 01:12:26,640 TO LOOK AT MOUSE MUTANTS THAT 1735 01:12:26,640 --> 01:12:30,840 CARRY MUTATIONS WHICH ARE KNOWN 1736 01:12:30,840 --> 01:12:34,160 IN HUMANS AND IN THIS INSTANCE 1737 01:12:34,160 --> 01:12:37,680 WE LOOK AT DOUBLE MUTANT MOUSE 3 1738 01:12:37,680 --> 01:12:43,000 MUTANTS TO STUDY VASCULAR 1739 01:12:43,000 --> 01:12:44,280 DIMENSION. THESE MUTANTS HAVE 1740 01:12:44,280 --> 01:12:46,680 BEEN SHOWN TO COGNITIVE DECLINE 1741 01:12:46,680 --> 01:12:49,480 EIGHT MONTHS OLD. WE LOOK BEYOND 1742 01:12:49,480 --> 01:12:51,520 THRESHOLDS AT DIFFERENT STAGES 1743 01:12:51,520 --> 01:12:54,560 SHOWN HERE, FROM TWO MONTHS UP 1744 01:12:54,560 --> 01:12:57,400 TO 12 MONTHS, WE FOUND VERY 1745 01:12:57,400 --> 01:12:58,560 LITTLE EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENCE 1746 01:12:58,560 --> 01:13:00,360 BETWEEN THE THRESHOLDS IN THE 1747 01:13:00,360 --> 01:13:04,280 CONTROL GROUP AND MUTANT GROUP. 1748 01:13:04,280 --> 01:13:05,920 EVEN AT NINE MONTHS OLD WHICH IS 1749 01:13:05,920 --> 01:13:07,720 AFTER THE AGE WHICH COGNITIVE 1750 01:13:07,720 --> 01:13:09,920 DECLINE IS REPORTED. SO THESE 1751 01:13:09,920 --> 01:13:12,280 VASCULAR DIMENSION MUTANTS, 1752 01:13:12,280 --> 01:13:13,600 HEARING ABNORMALITIES DECKED 1753 01:13:13,600 --> 01:13:20,240 AFTER COGNITIVE DEFICITS. IT I DEFICITS WE LOOK 1754 01:13:20,240 --> 01:13:25,000 TO THE SECOND MUTANT, THE 5X FAD 1755 01:13:25,000 --> 01:13:27,120 MUTANT USED AS ALZHEIMER'S 1756 01:13:27,120 --> 01:13:28,920 DISEASE, IT HAS A NUMBER OF 1757 01:13:28,920 --> 01:13:31,760 DIFFERENT TUMOR MUTATIONS IN THE 1758 01:13:31,760 --> 01:13:35,400 APP GENE AND THE PSEN 1 GENE. 1759 01:13:35,400 --> 01:13:37,680 THIS HAS EARLY ONSET INDICATIONS 1760 01:13:37,680 --> 01:13:40,280 INFUSING AMYLOID PLAQUE DEPOSITS 1761 01:13:40,280 --> 01:13:43,880 IN TWO MONTHS OLD FROM SIX TO 1762 01:13:43,880 --> 01:13:46,480 NINE MONTHS OLD. BEYOND 1763 01:13:46,480 --> 01:13:47,840 THRESHOLD ONE MONTH UP TO NINE 1764 01:13:47,840 --> 01:13:49,520 MONTHS OLD. WE FIND LITTLE 1765 01:13:49,520 --> 01:13:52,520 EVIDENCE OF ANY DIFFERENCE 1766 01:13:52,520 --> 01:13:54,560 BETWEEN THRESHOLDS OF WILD TYPE, 1767 01:13:54,560 --> 01:13:57,080 HOMOZYGOTES AND HOMOZYGOTE THESE 1768 01:13:57,080 --> 01:13:59,240 MUTATIONS. IN THE 5X FAD 1769 01:13:59,240 --> 01:14:01,120 ALZHEIMER'S MUTANTS, ANY HEARING 1770 01:14:01,120 --> 01:14:03,480 LOSS THAT MIGHT OCCUR IS LONG 1771 01:14:03,480 --> 01:14:09,280 AFTER THE REPORTED BRAIN. SO 1772 01:14:09,280 --> 01:14:10,720 SUMMARIZE WE FOUND LITTLE 1773 01:14:10,720 --> 01:14:12,600 EVIDENCE FOR COMMON SHARED 1774 01:14:12,600 --> 01:14:14,080 GENETIC PATHOLOGY, UNDERLYING 1775 01:14:14,080 --> 01:14:15,760 HEARING LOSS DEMENTIA. IN 1776 01:14:15,760 --> 01:14:17,200 VASCULAR DEMENTIA OR ALZHEIMER'S 1777 01:14:17,200 --> 01:14:19,680 MOUSE MUTANTS ANY HEARING 1778 01:14:19,680 --> 01:14:21,160 ABNORMALITIES OCCURRED AFTER THE 1779 01:14:21,160 --> 01:14:23,360 REPORTED ONSET OF BRAIN OR 1780 01:14:23,360 --> 01:14:26,320 COGNITIVE DEFICITS. SO 1781 01:14:26,320 --> 01:14:28,360 THEREFORE, WE FOUND NO 1782 01:14:28,360 --> 01:14:30,640 BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ABOUT THAT 1783 01:14:30,640 --> 01:14:31,480 HEARING LOSS LEADS TO DEMENTIA. 1784 01:14:31,480 --> 01:14:36,840 THANK YOU. 1785 01:14:36,840 --> 01:14:42,880 >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU FOR 1786 01:14:42,880 --> 01:14:46,840 THAT. DOESN'T LOOK LIKE WE HAVE 1787 01:14:46,840 --> 01:14:49,320 A MOMENT FROM THE CLOCK. JUST 1788 01:14:49,320 --> 01:14:53,080 CURIOUS P THE MALE FEMALE MICE 1789 01:14:53,080 --> 01:14:55,280 WERE SEPARATE ARE SEPARATE, 1790 01:14:55,280 --> 01:14:55,720 CURIOUS -- 1791 01:14:55,720 --> 01:14:59,200 >> ANALYZE SEPARATELY. 1792 01:14:59,200 --> 01:15:00,720 >> THANK YOU THANK YOU. 1793 01:15:00,720 --> 01:15:04,480 >> YES WE HAVE -- WE DON'T SEE 1794 01:15:04,480 --> 01:15:06,200 ANY DIFFERENCES IN THE 1795 01:15:06,200 --> 01:15:07,320 DIFFERENCE SEXES EITHER. WE HAVE 1796 01:15:07,320 --> 01:15:11,760 DONE A LOT MORE -- COLLECTED 1797 01:15:11,760 --> 01:15:13,120 MORE DATA BUT HAVEN'T ANALYZED 1798 01:15:13,120 --> 01:15:14,520 YET, WE ARE PRESENTING THE 1799 01:15:14,520 --> 01:15:16,800 THRESHOLDS TODAY. 1800 01:15:16,800 --> 01:15:20,040 >> NOW I INVITE EVERYONE TO TURN 1801 01:15:20,040 --> 01:15:20,520 ON CAMERAS WHO WANT TO 1802 01:15:20,520 --> 01:15:23,560 PARTICIPATE IN DISCUSSION. DR. 1803 01:15:23,560 --> 01:15:24,800 SUSAN SULLIVAN WILL BE 1804 01:15:24,800 --> 01:15:26,120 MODERATING AND I WILL TURN IT 1805 01:15:26,120 --> 01:15:28,320 OVER TO SUSAN. 1806 01:15:28,320 --> 01:15:30,840 >> THANK YOU, EVERYONE, GREAT TO 1807 01:15:30,840 --> 01:15:31,880 SEE HOW MUCH PROGRESS IS BEING 1808 01:15:31,880 --> 01:15:33,160 MADE AND HOW SUCCESSFUL THIS 1809 01:15:33,160 --> 01:15:37,400 PROGRAM IS. I THOUGHT WE START 1810 01:15:37,400 --> 01:15:39,480 WITH ARE THERE ANY UNASKED 1811 01:15:39,480 --> 01:15:41,640 QUESTIONS OF THE SPEAKERS THAT 1812 01:15:41,640 --> 01:15:43,160 YOU WOULD NOW LIKE TO TAKE THE 1813 01:15:43,160 --> 01:15:48,520 OPPORTUNITY TO ASK? 1814 01:15:48,520 --> 01:15:56,160 >> PLEASE SPEAK UP. 1815 01:15:56,160 --> 01:16:00,880 >> I CAN'T SEE EVERYONE ON THE 1816 01:16:00,880 --> 01:16:05,520 SCREEN SO PLEASE JUST SPEAK UP. 1817 01:16:05,520 --> 01:16:22,080 >> FAN GUANOSINE UNIVERSITY OF -- FAN, GUA NOSINE. GANG, ZENG. 1818 01:16:22,080 --> 01:16:23,480 CONCLUSION THAT HEARING LOSS 1819 01:16:23,480 --> 01:16:24,960 DOES NOT SEEM RELATED TO 1820 01:16:24,960 --> 01:16:30,840 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, RIGHT, IF 1821 01:16:30,840 --> 01:16:34,400 WE DEFINE HEARING LOSS SIMPLY 1822 01:16:34,400 --> 01:16:36,920 BASED ON ABR THRESHOLD, I THINK 1823 01:16:36,920 --> 01:16:38,800 PERHAPS YOU ARE RIGHT AND FROM 1824 01:16:38,800 --> 01:16:44,400 THE PREVIOUS TALK FROM OTHERS, 1825 01:16:44,400 --> 01:16:46,880 THERE IS A HEARING LOSS THAT MAY 1826 01:16:46,880 --> 01:16:53,000 NOT BE REFLECTED BY DEGREE OF 1827 01:16:53,000 --> 01:16:58,520 ABR THRESHOLD ELEVATION SO MY 1828 01:16:58,520 --> 01:17:03,640 QUESTION TO JUDY AND KAREN IS 1829 01:17:03,640 --> 01:17:04,680 THAT ANYTHING WE CAN SORT IN 1830 01:17:04,680 --> 01:17:06,240 THAT CONCLUSION A LITTLE BIT? 1831 01:17:06,240 --> 01:17:07,200 >> THE CONCLUSION IS WE HAVE 1832 01:17:07,200 --> 01:17:10,080 FOUND NO EVIDENCE YET. WITHIN 1833 01:17:10,080 --> 01:17:11,520 OUR SYSTEM THAT WE HAVE DONE. SO 1834 01:17:11,520 --> 01:17:13,040 FAR WE ONLY ANALYZED THE 1835 01:17:13,040 --> 01:17:15,480 THRESHOLDS. WE HAVE MORE DATA 1836 01:17:15,480 --> 01:17:17,680 TO ANALYZE. WAIT FOR THE DATA 1837 01:17:17,680 --> 01:17:19,480 ANALYSIS TO ANALYZE AN MAYBE WE 1838 01:17:19,480 --> 01:17:21,000 WILL FIND SOMETHING WHEN WE DO 1839 01:17:21,000 --> 01:17:23,120 THIS ANALYSIS BUT WE HAVEN'T 1840 01:17:23,120 --> 01:17:25,080 FOUND ANY EVIDENCE YET. SO THAT 1841 01:17:25,080 --> 01:17:26,960 WAS OUR CONCLUSION. THAT IS WHAT 1842 01:17:26,960 --> 01:17:28,480 WE CAN SAY. THAT IS WHAT THE 1843 01:17:28,480 --> 01:17:30,600 DATA -- 1844 01:17:30,600 --> 01:17:32,920 >> THANK YOU. 1845 01:17:32,920 --> 01:17:34,320 >> I GUESS I HAVE A QUICK 1846 01:17:34,320 --> 01:17:35,920 QUESTION FOR KAREN, DID YOU -- I 1847 01:17:35,920 --> 01:17:37,120 CAN'T REMEMBER FROM THE SLIDES 1848 01:17:37,120 --> 01:17:40,240 DID YOU GO UP INTO EXTENDED 1849 01:17:40,240 --> 01:17:41,600 HYPERFREQUENCY GENERALS OR DID 1850 01:17:41,600 --> 01:17:42,920 YOU STOP AROUND -- REGIONS OR 1851 01:17:42,920 --> 01:17:46,680 DID YOU STOP AROUND 32? 1852 01:17:46,680 --> 01:17:51,200 >> WE WENT UP TO 42-KILOHERTZ, 1853 01:17:51,200 --> 01:17:52,720 THAT IS WHAT WE NORMALLY WOULD 1854 01:17:52,720 --> 01:17:53,040 DO. 1855 01:17:53,040 --> 01:17:54,160 >> I HAVE A LOUD OF QUESTIONS, 1856 01:17:54,160 --> 01:17:56,520 WHAT IS GENETIC BACK GROWN FOR 1857 01:17:56,520 --> 01:18:03,080 YOUR WILD TYPE MICE OR AD MICE? 1858 01:18:03,080 --> 01:18:09,760 I SEE HIGH RATIO, SPACE BETWEEN 1859 01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:14,800 ALL THE MICE. IN YOUR WILD MICE 1860 01:18:14,800 --> 01:18:16,920 IS ALL YOU HAVE SO YOU CANNOT 1861 01:18:16,920 --> 01:18:19,440 SEE ANY DIFFERENT BETWEEN AD 1862 01:18:19,440 --> 01:18:21,120 MICE AND WILD TYPE MICE. 1863 01:18:21,120 --> 01:18:27,280 >> WAY CURIOUS -- FOR THIS AD 1864 01:18:27,280 --> 01:18:28,800 MOUSE MODEL BECAUSE MOST 1865 01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:31,280 TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL IS C 57 1866 01:18:31,280 --> 01:18:32,960 GENETIC BACK GROWN. THIS IS 1867 01:18:32,960 --> 01:18:36,960 WHERE WE ARE KNOWN FOR THE MOUSE 1868 01:18:36,960 --> 01:18:37,160 MODEL. 1869 01:18:37,160 --> 01:18:39,760 >> SO THE ANSWER TO YOUR 1870 01:18:39,760 --> 01:18:43,640 QUESTION IS THAT THESE -- C 57 1871 01:18:43,640 --> 01:18:46,280 BLACK BACKGROUND, AND WE WERE 1872 01:18:46,280 --> 01:18:49,640 COMPARING THE WILD TYPE MICE ON 1873 01:18:49,640 --> 01:18:53,080 C 57 MICE AS WELL. (OVERLAPPING 1874 01:18:53,080 --> 01:18:53,360 SPEAKERS) 1875 01:18:53,360 --> 01:18:56,760 >> YOU CAN CONCLUSION AND FOR 1876 01:18:56,760 --> 01:19:02,400 YOUR DATA. ANALYSIS. THIS IS 1877 01:19:02,400 --> 01:19:08,480 DATA IF WE USE ORIGINAL ATPASE 1878 01:19:08,480 --> 01:19:11,800 MICE, THIS IS C 57 GENETIC 1879 01:19:11,800 --> 01:19:14,840 BACKGROUND YOU CAN SEE HIGH 1880 01:19:14,840 --> 01:19:18,600 FREQUENCY RANGE HUGE INCREASE 1881 01:19:18,600 --> 01:19:20,720 FOR WILD TYPE MICE OR LIKE ATP 1882 01:19:20,720 --> 01:19:26,200 MICE SO THIS GROUP -- 1883 01:19:26,200 --> 01:19:29,560 >> SORRY, YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY 1884 01:19:29,560 --> 01:19:31,680 RIGHT, THE GENETIC BACKGROUND IS 1885 01:19:31,680 --> 01:19:34,080 CRITICAL AND WE ARE VERY CAREFUL 1886 01:19:34,080 --> 01:19:35,880 ABOUT MATCHING THE BACKGROUND OF 1887 01:19:35,880 --> 01:19:38,280 OUR MUTANTS COMPARED TO THE 1888 01:19:38,280 --> 01:19:40,400 LITTER MATE CONTROLS, THAT'S 1889 01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:44,280 WHAT WE HAVE DONE CERTAINLY WITH 1890 01:19:44,280 --> 01:19:46,120 5X CONTROLS THERE. WHAT WE WERE 1891 01:19:46,120 --> 01:19:49,480 LOOKING AT APR THRESHOLDS AT 1892 01:19:49,480 --> 01:19:50,680 AGES WHEN THERE ARE STILL 1893 01:19:50,680 --> 01:19:52,080 REASONABLE SENSITIVITY. WE 1894 01:19:52,080 --> 01:19:55,080 DIDN'T SEE ANY DIFFERENCE. 1895 01:19:55,080 --> 01:19:56,680 >> BECAUSE YOUR AGING RELATED 1896 01:19:56,680 --> 01:19:58,400 HEARING LOSS SO IF YOU ARE 1897 01:19:58,400 --> 01:20:01,280 LOOKING FOR YOUR WILD MICE ABOUT 1898 01:20:01,280 --> 01:20:03,280 NINE MONTHS OLD OR 12 MONTHS 1899 01:20:03,280 --> 01:20:05,080 OLD, HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE, IT IS 1900 01:20:05,080 --> 01:20:09,040 -- YOUR WILD TYPE CONTROL MICE 1901 01:20:09,040 --> 01:20:11,000 YOU ALREADY HAVE -- SO YOU HAVE 1902 01:20:11,000 --> 01:20:13,840 AD HEARING MOUSE ACTUALLY YOU 1903 01:20:13,840 --> 01:20:19,680 CANNOT -- CANNOT -- YOU CANNOT 1904 01:20:19,680 --> 01:20:21,640 (OVERLAPPING SPEAKERS) 1905 01:20:21,640 --> 01:20:24,720 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THEM. I 1906 01:20:24,720 --> 01:20:27,680 THINK IT IS FOR THE AGING 1907 01:20:27,680 --> 01:20:32,960 RELATED HEARING LOSS UNDER AD IN 1908 01:20:32,960 --> 01:20:33,440 HEARING LOSS. 1909 01:20:33,440 --> 01:20:36,120 >> OR ALL WE CAN SAY IS REPORTS 1910 01:20:36,120 --> 01:20:38,440 SAID A COUPLE OF DEFICITS AND 1911 01:20:38,440 --> 01:20:44,320 BRAIN DEFICITS IN THE 5X FAD 1912 01:20:44,320 --> 01:20:44,840 MICE MUCH EARLIER THAN -- 1913 01:20:44,840 --> 01:20:47,920 >> WE BASED ON OUR DATA WE CAN 1914 01:20:47,920 --> 01:20:49,000 DEFINE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THREE 1915 01:20:49,000 --> 01:20:50,760 MONTHS OLD IN HIGH FREQUENCY 1916 01:20:50,760 --> 01:20:57,160 RANGE. (OVERLAPPING SPEAKERS) 1917 01:20:57,160 --> 01:20:59,560 >> I THINK IT IS REALLY 1918 01:20:59,560 --> 01:21:00,960 FASCINATING THAT THERE'S 1919 01:21:00,960 --> 01:21:03,240 DIFFERENCES THAT EACH OF THE 1920 01:21:03,240 --> 01:21:05,040 LABS HAVE FOUND. USING 1921 01:21:05,040 --> 01:21:05,880 DIFFERENCE STRAINS AND DIFFERENT 1922 01:21:05,880 --> 01:21:08,160 LINES AND I THINK THAT IN TRYING 1923 01:21:08,160 --> 01:21:11,520 TO UNDERSTAND WHY WE SEE 1924 01:21:11,520 --> 01:21:13,080 DIFFERENCES, IS PROBABLY THE 1925 01:21:13,080 --> 01:21:13,720 MOST IMPORTANT THING. 1926 01:21:13,720 --> 01:21:19,680 >> YES. I THINK -- WE ARE 1927 01:21:19,680 --> 01:21:19,960 (INAUDIBLE) 1928 01:21:19,960 --> 01:21:23,040 >> YES. AND I AGREE WITH THAT. 1929 01:21:23,040 --> 01:21:28,680 BUT I THINK THAT THAT POINT HAS 1930 01:21:28,680 --> 01:21:46,200 BEEN MADE. 1931 01:21:46,200 --> 01:21:51,920 >> I AM FROM UC SAN DIEGO. MY 1932 01:21:51,920 --> 01:21:54,760 QUESTIONS GOES BACK TO WHAT FAN 1933 01:21:54,760 --> 01:21:56,760 GANG RAISED. I'M NEW TO THIS 1934 01:21:56,760 --> 01:21:58,720 FIELD BUT WHAT HAVE LEARNED 1935 01:21:58,720 --> 01:22:03,040 SINCE I CAME TO THIS DISCIPLINE 1936 01:22:03,040 --> 01:22:05,040 IS KNOBBLED I DON'T KNOW TRY ARE 1937 01:22:05,040 --> 01:22:09,960 ELEVATED ABR THRESHOLD, DESCRIBE 1938 01:22:09,960 --> 01:22:11,200 ONLY FREQUENCY LOSS OF HEARING 1939 01:22:11,200 --> 01:22:13,760 AND DOES NOT CAPTURE PHENOMENON 1940 01:22:13,760 --> 01:22:16,600 LIKE HIDDEN HEARING LOSS AND IT 1941 01:22:16,600 --> 01:22:21,280 MAY BE RELATED TO SOME LANGUAGE 1942 01:22:21,280 --> 01:22:25,000 ASPECT NOT JUST PURE FREQUENCY 1943 01:22:25,000 --> 01:22:27,600 THRESHOLDS. IF THAT IS A 1944 01:22:27,600 --> 01:22:32,720 REASONABLE STARTING POINT, WE 1945 01:22:32,720 --> 01:22:34,720 STILL HAVE SOMETHING MORE TO 1946 01:22:34,720 --> 01:22:38,360 DISCOVER ON THE HUMAN SIDE LET 1947 01:22:38,360 --> 01:22:43,000 ALONE USE ANIMALS FOR 1948 01:22:43,000 --> 01:22:47,560 DISCOVERING ARE SUCH KNOWN 1949 01:22:47,560 --> 01:22:49,200 UNKNOWNS SO FAR. SO YEAH, IT 1950 01:22:49,200 --> 01:22:53,040 MAYBE A VERY NAIVE QUESTION, I 1951 01:22:53,040 --> 01:22:57,680 WOULD LIKE RESPONSE FROM JUDY, 1952 01:22:57,680 --> 01:23:02,720 OR ANYBODY ELSE. 1953 01:23:02,720 --> 01:23:05,160 SPEAKER5: VERY GOOD POINT, I WAS 1954 01:23:05,160 --> 01:23:08,480 GOING TO ADD COMMENTS TO FAN 1955 01:23:08,480 --> 01:23:10,040 GANG'S SUGGESTION WHICH IS A 1956 01:23:10,040 --> 01:23:13,640 VERY GOOD ONE. I THINK THOSE OF 1957 01:23:13,640 --> 01:23:18,520 US WHO ALSO WORK WITH HUMANS 1958 01:23:18,520 --> 01:23:19,280 UNDERSTAND SELF-REPORTS OF 1959 01:23:19,280 --> 01:23:22,960 HEARING DO NOT NECESSARILY 1960 01:23:22,960 --> 01:23:25,440 CORRELATE WITH AUDIO METRIC 1961 01:23:25,440 --> 01:23:26,560 VALUES ODD I DON'T KNOW TRY OR 1962 01:23:26,560 --> 01:23:28,680 ABR, AND WILL IS MORE TO LEARN 1963 01:23:28,680 --> 01:23:33,000 IN HUMAN STUDIES WHICH I HOPE TO 1964 01:23:33,000 --> 01:23:34,920 LEARN MORE THIS AFTERNOON. SO 1965 01:23:34,920 --> 01:23:37,040 BUT THOSE ARE THINGS THAT ARE -- 1966 01:23:37,040 --> 01:23:41,440 WE ARE NOT ABLE TO EVALUATE IN A 1967 01:23:41,440 --> 01:23:43,320 MOUSE. SO I THINK THERE IS A 1968 01:23:43,320 --> 01:23:46,480 ROLE FOR BOTH KINDS OF STUDIES, 1969 01:23:46,480 --> 01:23:48,640 AND THE COMBINED INFORMATION WE 1970 01:23:48,640 --> 01:23:55,800 GET FROM BOTH WILL LEAD TO 1971 01:23:55,800 --> 01:23:57,760 CONCLUSIONS. KAREN'S POINT IS 1972 01:23:57,760 --> 01:24:00,440 BUY LOGICAL EVIDENCE. THAT IS A 1973 01:24:00,440 --> 01:24:04,680 VERY IMPORTANT. HUMAN STUDIES 1974 01:24:04,680 --> 01:24:09,040 WE LEARN DIFFERENT ASPECT AND 1975 01:24:09,040 --> 01:24:15,000 INFORMATION COMBINED. 1976 01:24:15,000 --> 01:24:16,680 >> QUESTION ABOUT VIRUSES. IF 1977 01:24:16,680 --> 01:24:18,400 YOU WERE A VIRUS YOU WOULD 1978 01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:19,360 PREFER TO GO THROUGH THE NOSE 1979 01:24:19,360 --> 01:24:22,920 THAT MAKES SENSE. THE COOL 1980 01:24:22,920 --> 01:24:25,200 THING IS WE INFECT NOSE OF THE 1981 01:24:25,200 --> 01:24:30,480 MICE WITH HSV 1 THE SITES FOR 1982 01:24:30,480 --> 01:24:31,280 IMPLEMENTATION ARE SMALL BUT 1983 01:24:31,280 --> 01:24:33,320 VIRUS IMMEDIATELY GOES THROUGH 1984 01:24:33,320 --> 01:24:37,080 TRANSGEMNAL NERVE WHERE IT 1985 01:24:37,080 --> 01:24:44,080 BECOMES DORMANT. BECAUSE ACTS GO 1986 01:24:44,080 --> 01:24:50,440 BOTH WAYS. THE SYSTEM WORKS 1987 01:24:50,440 --> 01:24:52,840 STRONGLY IN THE OLFACTORY 1988 01:24:52,840 --> 01:24:54,840 EPITHELIUM BUT THERE'S LITTLE 1989 01:24:54,840 --> 01:24:56,680 LEAKS THAT GO TO THE TRIGEMINAL 1990 01:24:56,680 --> 01:24:58,040 NERVE. 1991 01:24:58,040 --> 01:24:58,880 >> THANK YOU. 1992 01:24:58,880 --> 01:25:00,760 >> ANNE, DID YOU HAVE A 1993 01:25:00,760 --> 01:25:01,240 QUESTION? 1994 01:25:01,240 --> 01:25:03,080 >> I WAS GOING TO THE LAST POINT 1995 01:25:03,080 --> 01:25:07,040 WITH DIEGO, I WAS CURIOUS IF YOU 1996 01:25:07,040 --> 01:25:09,600 -- WHEN -- WITH YOUR VIRUS HAVE 1997 01:25:09,600 --> 01:25:13,080 YOU LOOKED AT IF THERE IS VIRUS 1998 01:25:13,080 --> 01:25:20,880 IN EPITHELIUM OF EW EUSTACIAN TUBE 1999 01:25:20,880 --> 01:25:26,480 OR IN THE NOSE THROUGH THE NASAL 2000 01:25:26,480 --> 01:25:26,840 CAVITY 2001 01:25:26,840 --> 01:25:28,080 >> WE HAVEN'T DONE IT BUT WE 2002 01:25:28,080 --> 01:25:29,560 SHOULD. WE HAVE DONE IT IN 2003 01:25:29,560 --> 01:25:31,920 BRAIN, IT GOES TO HYPOTHALAMUS 2004 01:25:31,920 --> 01:25:34,080 PLUS TO AREAS OF -- WE SHOULD 2005 01:25:34,080 --> 01:25:35,040 LOOK OVER THERE OF COURSE. 2006 01:25:35,040 --> 01:25:38,480 >> I'M WONDERING IF THAT COULD 2007 01:25:38,480 --> 01:25:41,280 BE A ROOT AT LEAST FROM COVID 2008 01:25:41,280 --> 01:25:43,200 STUFF IF THAT IS A ROOT TO INNER 2009 01:25:43,200 --> 01:25:44,760 EAR DEFICITS THAT WE SEE. 2010 01:25:44,760 --> 01:25:49,040 >> BY ANY MEANS. 2011 01:25:49,040 --> 01:25:49,680 >> 2012 01:25:49,680 --> 01:25:54,120 >> WE WILL BE LOOKING AT THAT 2013 01:25:54,120 --> 01:25:55,760 BUT CURIOUS OF A DIFFERENT VIRUS 2014 01:25:55,760 --> 01:25:56,680 IF YOU LOOKED ALREADY. 2015 01:25:56,680 --> 01:25:59,560 >> YOUR COLLEAGUES SHOWED BACK 2016 01:25:59,560 --> 01:26:02,680 SOME TIME THERE IS A TRIGEMINAL 2017 01:26:02,680 --> 01:26:06,640 BRANCH THAT GOES INTO THE BOWL. 2018 01:26:06,640 --> 01:26:09,000 >> ONCE WE -- (INDISCERNIBLE) 2019 01:26:09,000 --> 01:26:11,240 >> DO WE KNOW IF THAT COULD BE 2020 01:26:11,240 --> 01:26:12,840 RELEASING ANYTHING INTO THE BULB 2021 01:26:12,840 --> 01:26:13,800 DIRECTLY? THAT WOULD GET INTO 2022 01:26:13,800 --> 01:26:15,760 THE NOSE? LIKE VIRUSES? 2023 01:26:15,760 --> 01:26:18,280 >> I SUSPECT BUT I DON'T KNOW. 2024 01:26:18,280 --> 01:26:20,160 WE GET SOME INFECTION LATER ON 2025 01:26:20,160 --> 01:26:22,040 IN THE OLFACTORY BULB. INITIALLY 2026 01:26:22,040 --> 01:26:23,680 IT IS VERY SMALL. THE QUESTION 2027 01:26:23,680 --> 01:26:26,760 IS, IN THE REACTIVATION DO YOU 2028 01:26:26,760 --> 01:26:32,680 GET INFECTION THROUGH THERE. 2029 01:26:32,680 --> 01:26:36,080 >> I HAVE A QUESTION, IS ANYONE 2030 01:26:36,080 --> 01:26:38,400 WORKING WITH EITHER OTHER 2031 01:26:38,400 --> 01:26:41,080 NON-RODENT ANIMAL MODELS OR IN 2032 01:26:41,080 --> 01:26:43,600 VITRO SYSTEMS SUCH AS HUMAN 2033 01:26:43,600 --> 01:26:45,120 BRAIN ORGANOIDS OR ANYTHING 2034 01:26:45,120 --> 01:26:47,280 ALONG THOSE LINES? 2035 01:26:47,280 --> 01:26:49,680 >> WE HAVE CULTURES OF HUMAN 2036 01:26:49,680 --> 01:26:52,680 OLFACTORY NEURONS. AND WE ARE 2037 01:26:52,680 --> 01:26:54,520 INFECTING THEM WITH (INAUDIBLE) 2038 01:26:54,520 --> 01:26:56,080 BECAUSE THAT DOES NOT INFECT 2039 01:26:56,080 --> 01:27:00,440 MICE. AND ALSO HSV 1 AND SARS 2040 01:27:00,440 --> 01:27:03,480 COV-2. THERE IS INTERESTING 2041 01:27:03,480 --> 01:27:06,280 RESPONSES OF THE CELLS INCLUDING 2042 01:27:06,280 --> 01:27:07,840 CHANGES IN INTERLEUKINS. SO YES. 2043 01:27:07,840 --> 01:27:13,960 THAT IS HUMAN ORGANOIDS. 2044 01:27:13,960 --> 01:27:16,840 >> HOW WELL DOES DO SOME OF 2045 01:27:16,840 --> 01:27:17,840 THESE MODELS MIMIC THE HUMAN 2046 01:27:17,840 --> 01:27:22,160 CONDITION? 2047 01:27:22,160 --> 01:27:25,080 >> I THINK THAT IS A REALLY 2048 01:27:25,080 --> 01:27:27,160 IMPORTANT QUESTION BECAUSE LIKE 2049 01:27:27,160 --> 01:27:30,200 IN THE TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS 2050 01:27:30,200 --> 01:27:31,400 GENES ARE SUPEROVEREXPRESSED IN 2051 01:27:31,400 --> 01:27:33,480 THE DEPOSITION PATTERN GENES 2052 01:27:33,480 --> 01:27:35,080 DRIVE THROUGHOUT THE CNS IS 2053 01:27:35,080 --> 01:27:36,960 ARTIFICIAL. BASED WHERE PROMOTER 2054 01:27:36,960 --> 01:27:41,600 IS LOCATED. IN CONTRAST VIRAL 2055 01:27:41,600 --> 01:27:43,640 MODELS TO DRIVE PHOSPHORYLATED 2056 01:27:43,640 --> 01:27:45,360 TAU, SIMILARLY DEPEND UPON 2057 01:27:45,360 --> 01:27:51,480 PROMOTER. MODELS LIKE -- 2058 01:27:51,480 --> 01:27:52,840 ENCOURAGE WHAT IS ENDOGENOUS, 2059 01:27:52,840 --> 01:27:55,520 WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGICAL. LIKE 2060 01:27:55,520 --> 01:27:59,360 SYNUCLEIN IN THE SYNAPSE TO 2061 01:27:59,360 --> 01:28:00,560 POTENTIALLY BECOME 2062 01:28:00,560 --> 01:28:01,520 PHOSPHORYLATED OR PATHOLOGICAL. 2063 01:28:01,520 --> 01:28:03,600 SO WILL IS A VARIETY OF 2064 01:28:03,600 --> 01:28:07,520 WEAKNESSES THERE. 2065 01:28:07,520 --> 01:28:09,360 >> I THINK IT IS A FANTASTIC 2066 01:28:09,360 --> 01:28:10,720 QUESTION AND ONE OF THE THINGS 2067 01:28:10,720 --> 01:28:13,000 WE ARE INTERESTED IN IS THE IDEA 2068 01:28:13,000 --> 01:28:18,480 THAT THERE MIGHT BE DIFFERENT 2069 01:28:18,480 --> 01:28:19,880 RATES OF PATHOLOGY IN SYSTEMS 2070 01:28:19,880 --> 01:28:20,960 DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS SO IT 2071 01:28:20,960 --> 01:28:22,160 DOESN'T HAVE TO BE THE CASE THAT 2072 01:28:22,160 --> 01:28:24,080 ALZHEIMER'S IS GOING TO FOLLOW 2073 01:28:24,080 --> 01:28:25,680 THE SAME PROGRESSION OR SAME 2074 01:28:25,680 --> 01:28:26,600 PATTERN OF DAMAGE IN EVERY 2075 01:28:26,600 --> 01:28:31,120 INDIVIDUAL. MAYBE WE CAN LEARN 2076 01:28:31,120 --> 01:28:32,040 ABOUT TREATMENT STRATEGIES BY 2077 01:28:32,040 --> 01:28:33,680 LOOKING AT THESE DIFFERENT 2078 01:28:33,680 --> 01:28:35,840 SYSTEMS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT 2079 01:28:35,840 --> 01:28:40,840 PROGRESSION RATES. WITH AND 2080 01:28:40,840 --> 01:28:43,520 WITHOUT HEARING LOSS, MEMORY 2081 01:28:43,520 --> 01:28:44,200 LOSS FOR EXAMPLE. THAT IS A 2082 01:28:44,200 --> 01:28:50,440 HOPE. 2083 01:28:50,440 --> 01:28:53,040 >> I WAS GOING TO SECOND THAT. 2084 01:28:53,040 --> 01:28:55,400 IF I HAD MY RATHERS I WOULD LIKE 2085 01:28:55,400 --> 01:28:59,960 TO LOOK AT THE 5X FAD WHICH IS 2086 01:28:59,960 --> 01:29:01,880 PROBABLY OVEREXPRESSED BUT AND 2087 01:29:01,880 --> 01:29:06,080 THE APOE 4 AND THEN OTHER 2088 01:29:06,080 --> 01:29:08,520 COMBINATIONS AND IF I'M DOING 2089 01:29:08,520 --> 01:29:11,360 AUDITORY AND IT IS POSSIBLE TO 2090 01:29:11,360 --> 01:29:14,800 CROSS THEM WITH -- GET OUT THE 2091 01:29:14,800 --> 01:29:16,360 CAST AGE RELATED HEARING LOSS 2092 01:29:16,360 --> 01:29:18,680 MUTATION, THAT ALSO MAKES IT 2093 01:29:18,680 --> 01:29:20,840 CLEANER BUT SOMETIMES WHEN THERE 2094 01:29:20,840 --> 01:29:22,320 IS ALL THESE DIFFERENT -- THAT 2095 01:29:22,320 --> 01:29:24,360 WAS ONLY REALLY SUPER AVAILABLE 2096 01:29:24,360 --> 01:29:25,480 FOR US WITH -- BECAUSE WE ARE 2097 01:29:25,480 --> 01:29:28,960 LOOKING AT THE F 1 GENERATION OF 2098 01:29:28,960 --> 01:29:31,320 5X FAD. THEN WE CAN HAVE LITTER 2099 01:29:31,320 --> 01:29:33,520 MATES THAT DIDN'T HAVE ANY 5X 2100 01:29:33,520 --> 01:29:36,840 FAD AND YOU ONLY NEED ONE COPY 2101 01:29:36,840 --> 01:29:39,160 TO GET THE EFFECT. OTHER KIND OF 2102 01:29:39,160 --> 01:29:41,840 KNOCK OUTS AND SO FORTH, THAT IS 2103 01:29:41,840 --> 01:29:44,040 NOT POSSIBLE. BUT THAT IS A 2104 01:29:44,040 --> 01:29:45,120 CHALLENGE BECAUSE THE MICE COSTS 2105 01:29:45,120 --> 01:29:49,000 ARE EXPENSIVE AND IT WOULD BE 2106 01:29:49,000 --> 01:29:54,200 GREAT TO HAVE ALMOST HAVE A 2107 01:29:54,200 --> 01:29:55,440 GUIDANCE WHAT MICE AND LINES 2108 01:29:55,440 --> 01:29:59,440 WOULD BE USEFUL TO LOOK AT. SO 2109 01:29:59,440 --> 01:30:02,680 THAT PEOPLE COULD -- BECAUSE SO 2110 01:30:02,680 --> 01:30:05,480 FAR MOST OF THE STUFF IS ALL 2111 01:30:05,480 --> 01:30:07,200 BEEN THE AMYLOID BETA MOUSE 2112 01:30:07,200 --> 01:30:09,520 MODELS AN ONLY A FEW HAVE TALKED 2113 01:30:09,520 --> 01:30:10,800 ABOUT THE TAU. OBVIOUSLY IN 2114 01:30:10,800 --> 01:30:16,240 HUMANS IT IS BOTH. SO THAT IS A 2115 01:30:16,240 --> 01:30:22,080 COMMENT. 2116 01:30:22,080 --> 01:30:28,160 >> DEYEAH GO, DID YOU WANT TO -- 2117 01:30:28,160 --> 01:30:29,480 DIEGO, DID YOU WANT THE ADD 2118 01:30:29,480 --> 01:30:29,760 SOMETHING IN 2119 01:30:29,760 --> 01:30:31,440 >> I SEE YOU ARE IN THE CHAT, 2120 01:30:31,440 --> 01:30:32,280 MAYBE YOU WANT TO BRING YOUR 2121 01:30:32,280 --> 01:30:32,840 POINTS UP? 2122 01:30:32,840 --> 01:30:35,960 >> FASCINATED TO SEE FROM 2123 01:30:35,960 --> 01:30:38,280 KAREN'S PRESENTATION, RIGHT? OUT 2124 01:30:38,280 --> 01:30:40,600 OF 700 GENES THAT CAN CAUSE 2125 01:30:40,600 --> 01:30:46,280 HEARING LOSS. AND 70 OR 80 THAT 2126 01:30:46,280 --> 01:30:47,520 CAUSE AD, ONLY SEVEN ARE COMMON. 2127 01:30:47,520 --> 01:30:51,680 TO BOTH. THAT FROM HUMAN SIDE 2128 01:30:51,680 --> 01:30:54,560 WE KNOW VIA LANSETT'S REPORT 2129 01:30:54,560 --> 01:30:57,320 THAT IN HUMAN LOSS IS THE 2130 01:30:57,320 --> 01:31:00,400 LEADING -- MODIFIABLE RISK 2131 01:31:00,400 --> 01:31:04,160 FACTOR. IF MODIFIED THAT CAN 2132 01:31:04,160 --> 01:31:07,320 REDUCE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. I 2133 01:31:07,320 --> 01:31:08,680 DON'T -- I DON'T HAVE ANSWER, I 2134 01:31:08,680 --> 01:31:11,280 FINE THERE'S SOMETHING THERE 2135 01:31:11,280 --> 01:31:14,840 THAT NEEDS TO BE ASKED. WHY 2136 01:31:14,840 --> 01:31:17,160 THERE'S SO FEW GENES COMMON BUT 2137 01:31:17,160 --> 01:31:21,440 WHY THEY PLAY SUCH SIGNIFICANT 2138 01:31:21,440 --> 01:31:23,160 ROLE. IN TERMS OF HUMAN LOSS, 2139 01:31:23,160 --> 01:31:29,000 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. IT IS NOT 2140 01:31:29,000 --> 01:31:34,280 AN LINEAR INTERACTION WHAT NON- 2141 01:31:34,280 --> 01:31:35,680 NON-LINEAR INTERACTION ONE CAN 2142 01:31:35,680 --> 01:31:36,600 IMAGINE BIOLOGICALLY. 2143 01:31:36,600 --> 01:31:37,080 (OVERLAPPING SPEAKERS) 2144 01:31:37,080 --> 01:31:40,760 >> IT TELLS US THAT BIOLOGY 2145 01:31:40,760 --> 01:31:43,160 ISN'T THE ONLY THING THAT THERE 2146 01:31:43,160 --> 01:31:46,400 MAY ALSO BE SOCIAL FACTORS 2147 01:31:46,400 --> 01:31:48,720 INVOLVED, WE WERE ASKING A 2148 01:31:48,720 --> 01:31:49,920 COUPLE OF QUESTIONS ABOUT 2149 01:31:49,920 --> 01:31:51,040 BIOLOGICAL ASPECT BUT OBVIOUSLY 2150 01:31:51,040 --> 01:31:54,040 NOT THE FULL STORY. IT DOESN'T 2151 01:31:54,040 --> 01:31:57,040 MEAN TO SAY THAT HEARING LOSS IS 2152 01:31:57,040 --> 01:32:00,080 STILL NOT A MODIFIABLE RISK 2153 01:32:00,080 --> 01:32:01,960 FACTOR FOR DEMENTIA, IT MAY WELL 2154 01:32:01,960 --> 01:32:03,280 BE BUT IT MAYBE A DIFFERENT 2155 01:32:03,280 --> 01:32:06,600 MECHANISM LINKED WITH BIOLOGICAL 2156 01:32:06,600 --> 01:32:07,120 BASIS. 2157 01:32:07,120 --> 01:32:09,000 >> I AGREE. BUT I WAS STRUCK BY 2158 01:32:09,000 --> 01:32:11,320 THAT ONE OF THE GENES WAS APOE, 2159 01:32:11,320 --> 01:32:14,680 IS THAT CORRECT? BECAUSE FROM 2160 01:32:14,680 --> 01:32:18,120 OUR COMORT FA D COHORT THERE WAS 2161 01:32:18,120 --> 01:32:21,040 A LADY 70 SOMETHING YEARS OLE, I 2162 01:32:21,040 --> 01:32:22,480 THINK 72 THAT DIDN'T GET 2163 01:32:22,480 --> 01:32:24,480 ALZHEIMER'S. BECAUSE OF APOE 2164 01:32:24,480 --> 01:32:25,680 MUTATION, THAT WAS A PAPER 2165 01:32:25,680 --> 01:32:35,280 PUBLISHED TWO YEARS AGO. 2166 01:32:35,280 --> 01:32:36,680 >> IF POSSIBLE -- SORRY TO 2167 01:32:36,680 --> 01:32:38,880 INTERRUPT, I WANT TO JUMP IN, I 2168 01:32:38,880 --> 01:32:40,960 HAD A DIFFERENT REACTION WHICH 2169 01:32:40,960 --> 01:32:43,480 IS I PUT IN THE CHAT IN RESPONSE 2170 01:32:43,480 --> 01:32:45,360 TO FAN GANG, WHICH WAS WOW, 2171 01:32:45,360 --> 01:32:47,040 ISN'T THAT EXCITING? WE SHOULD 2172 01:32:47,040 --> 01:32:48,520 LOOK AT THOSE SEVEN GENES. 2173 01:32:48,520 --> 01:32:50,120 RIGHT? LET'S TAKE THOSE 2174 01:32:50,120 --> 01:32:52,400 SERIOUSLY AND SEE WHAT THEIR 2175 01:32:52,400 --> 01:32:53,480 DOWNSTREAM EFFECTORS ARE. AND 2176 01:32:53,480 --> 01:32:55,720 ACTUALLY EXPLORE SOME OF THAT 2177 01:32:55,720 --> 01:32:58,200 NON-LINEARITY. SO WHAT THIS 2178 01:32:58,200 --> 01:33:00,520 LEADS TO GOING FROM A GENE TO A 2179 01:33:00,520 --> 01:33:02,800 PROTEIN TO A CIRCUIT FUNCTION TO 2180 01:33:02,800 --> 01:33:04,440 SYSTEM FUNCTION, THERE IS ALL 2181 01:33:04,440 --> 01:33:06,480 SORTS OF POSSIBILITIES THERE. SO 2182 01:33:06,480 --> 01:33:08,120 MY REACTION FAN GANG WAS TOTALLY 2183 01:33:08,120 --> 01:33:15,680 OPPOSITE. 2184 01:33:15,680 --> 01:33:26,360 >> INTERESTING RESPONSE. 2185 01:33:26,360 --> 01:33:30,960 >> 7 GENES IS NOT STATISTICALLY 2186 01:33:30,960 --> 01:33:31,280 SIGNIFICANT. 2187 01:33:31,280 --> 01:33:34,280 >> MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE 2188 01:33:34,280 --> 01:33:35,680 PERSON WITH ALZHEIMER'S. 2189 01:33:35,680 --> 01:33:37,440 >> IS THERE ONE MORE QUESTION 2190 01:33:37,440 --> 01:33:38,680 BEFORE WE WRAP UP THIS 2191 01:33:38,680 --> 01:33:42,160 DISCUSSION SECTION? 2192 01:33:42,160 --> 01:33:45,640 OKAY SO WE'LL STOP HERE AND 2193 01:33:45,640 --> 01:33:48,160 WE'LL TAKE A BREAK THEN WE WILL 2194 01:33:48,160 --> 01:33:49,400 COME BACK AND HEAR FROM OUR 2195 01:33:49,400 --> 01:33:51,880 COLLEAGUE WHOSE ARE WORKING 2196 01:33:51,880 --> 01:33:53,320 HUMAN STUDIES. AND THEN AT THE 2197 01:33:53,320 --> 01:33:55,280 END OF THE DAY WE'LL HAVE A 2198 01:33:55,280 --> 01:33:56,720 DISCUSSION THAT WE CAN HEAVY SIT 2199 01:33:56,720 --> 01:33:58,880 LIKE CHALLENGES AND FUTURE 2200 01:33:58,880 --> 01:34:00,160 DIRECTIONS AND THINGS ALONG THAT 2201 01:34:00,160 --> 01:34:00,960 LINE. SO EVERYONE ENJOY YOUR 2202 01:34:00,960 --> 01:34:03,120 BREAK. 2203 01:34:03,120 --> 01:34:09,280 >> PLEASE COME BACK AT 2:45. 2204 01:34:09,280 --> 01:34:12,920 >> WELCOME BACK. IT IS 2:45. 2205 01:34:12,920 --> 01:34:14,880 WE'LL GET STARTED AGAIN. MUTE 2206 01:34:14,880 --> 01:34:16,920 YOUR MIC AND VIDEO DURING THE 2207 01:34:16,920 --> 01:34:17,480 PRESENTATIONS, EXCEPT THE 2208 01:34:17,480 --> 01:34:23,920 SPEAKER AND WE WILL HAVE DR. 2209 01:34:23,920 --> 01:34:33,320 LANA WILL MODERATE THE SECOND 2210 01:34:33,320 --> 01:34:34,600 SESSION. 2211 01:34:34,600 --> 01:34:39,920 >> HELLO. OKAY. HELLO, EVERYONE, 2212 01:34:39,920 --> 01:34:44,560 I'M LANA SHUKUM LIKE AMY SAID. 2213 01:34:44,560 --> 01:34:49,240 OUR FIRST SPEAKER COMING UP IS 2214 01:34:49,240 --> 01:34:50,720 DR. JAY BUCKEY. PLEASE PROCEED. 2215 01:34:50,720 --> 01:34:52,000 >> THANK YOU, HANKS TO THE NIDCD 2216 01:34:52,000 --> 01:34:56,720 FOR SUPPORTING THIS AND ALSO MY 2217 01:34:56,720 --> 01:34:58,960 CO-INVESTIGATORS NINA KRAUSE 2218 01:34:58,960 --> 01:35:03,120 BOTH ROTH PEDRO AND CHRIS. MY 2219 01:35:03,120 --> 01:35:04,880 TALK IS I CAN'T UNDERSTAND YOU 2220 01:35:04,880 --> 01:35:05,880 WHEN OTHERS ARE YOU CAN TAKING, 2221 01:35:05,880 --> 01:35:07,480 WHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT 2222 01:35:07,480 --> 01:35:11,960 ALZHEIMER'S IN THE BRAIN? SO WE 2223 01:35:11,960 --> 01:35:13,240 CAN UNDERSTAND SPEECH AT LEVELS 2224 01:35:13,240 --> 01:35:16,640 BELOW THE BACK GROWN NOISE. THIS 2225 01:35:16,640 --> 01:35:21,920 CAPABILITY COMES FROM THE BRAIN. 2226 01:35:21,920 --> 01:35:22,840 THERE IS A LOT GOING ON IN T 2227 01:35:22,840 --> 01:35:24,800 BRAIN WITH PROCESSING SPEECH AND 2228 01:35:24,800 --> 01:35:25,560 BACKGROUND NOISE, IT IS 2229 01:35:25,560 --> 01:35:27,600 IMPORTANT TO PROCESS THE SOUND 2230 01:35:27,600 --> 01:35:30,040 ACCURATELY. WAS THAT A G OR P, 2231 01:35:30,040 --> 01:35:32,760 SIMILAR SOUNDING. CORRECTLY 2232 01:35:32,760 --> 01:35:33,920 IDENTIFYING WORDS, DINNER OR 2233 01:35:33,920 --> 01:35:36,320 CENTER, MAKING SENSE OUT OF 2234 01:35:36,320 --> 01:35:37,440 CONTENT OF THE SENTENCE AND ALL 2235 01:35:37,440 --> 01:35:38,680 OF THIS IS HAPPENING REAL TIME. 2236 01:35:38,680 --> 01:35:40,760 SO WHILE YOU ARE WORKING ON 2237 01:35:40,760 --> 01:35:42,400 SENTENCE A WAS, THE SPEAKER MAY 2238 01:35:42,400 --> 01:35:43,800 HAVE MOVED ON TO SENTENCE B SO 2239 01:35:43,800 --> 01:35:45,200 PROCESS ISING SPEED IS 2240 01:35:45,200 --> 01:35:50,120 IMPORTANT. SO WE GOT INVOLVED IN 2241 01:35:50,120 --> 01:35:51,200 THIS THROUGH WORK WITH PEOPLE 2242 01:35:51,200 --> 01:35:55,400 WHO ARE LIVING WITH HIV. WE SAW 2243 01:35:55,400 --> 01:35:56,920 A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2244 01:35:56,920 --> 01:35:59,080 PERFORMANCE ON A SCREEN TEST 2245 01:35:59,080 --> 01:36:02,400 COGNITIVE FUNCTION, THE MOCA AND 2246 01:36:02,400 --> 01:36:04,000 CENTRAL AUDITORY TEST 2247 01:36:04,000 --> 01:36:05,040 PERFORMANCE. WHAT THIS GRAPH 2248 01:36:05,040 --> 01:36:08,280 SHOWS ON THE Y AXIS YOU HAVE 2249 01:36:08,280 --> 01:36:10,200 MOCA SCORE WITH 30 BEST AND 2250 01:36:10,200 --> 01:36:13,080 LOWER SCORES BEING WORSE 2251 01:36:13,080 --> 01:36:14,520 COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ON X AXIS 2252 01:36:14,520 --> 01:36:16,240 WE HAVE RESULTS FROM HEARING AND 2253 01:36:16,240 --> 01:36:18,680 NOISE TEST. WITH HIGHER NUMBERS 2254 01:36:18,680 --> 01:36:20,080 BEING WORSE ABILITY TO 2255 01:36:20,080 --> 01:36:20,760 UNDERSTAND SPEECH AND BACKGROUND 2256 01:36:20,760 --> 01:36:27,920 NOISE. WHAT WE FOUND WAS A 2257 01:36:27,920 --> 01:36:29,280 STRONG CORRELATION BETWEEN 2258 01:36:29,280 --> 01:36:31,440 SCREEN TEST, AND ABILITY TO 2259 01:36:31,440 --> 01:36:36,160 UNDERSTAND SPEECH OR NOISE, 2260 01:36:36,160 --> 01:36:56,240 ADVANCE. 2261 01:36:56,240 --> 01:37:01,880 >> PROCESSING COMPARED TO 2262 01:37:01,880 --> 01:37:02,720 CONTROLS: AND DETERMINE WHETHER 2263 01:37:02,720 --> 01:37:03,920 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MILD 2264 01:37:03,920 --> 01:37:08,680 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 2265 01:37:08,680 --> 01:37:10,160 COGNITIVE -- RESPONSE WE WON'T 2266 01:37:10,160 --> 01:37:13,560 TALK ABOUT THAT TODAY. SO WE 2267 01:37:13,560 --> 01:37:15,040 GOT PROJECT GOING, APPROVALS 2268 01:37:15,040 --> 01:37:17,200 READY TO GET STARTED AND COVID 2269 01:37:17,200 --> 01:37:20,720 INTERVENE, WE ARE BASICALLY 2270 01:37:20,720 --> 01:37:23,600 UNABLE TO (INAUDIBLE) BUT DURING 2271 01:37:23,600 --> 01:37:27,320 THAT TIME WE DID ESTABLISH A 2272 01:37:27,320 --> 01:37:27,920 COLLABORATION WITH DR. PEDRO AND 2273 01:37:27,920 --> 01:37:30,200 HIS GROUP AT MCGILL UNIVERSITY 2274 01:37:30,200 --> 01:37:31,960 AND DOUGLAS RESEARCH CENTER. 2275 01:37:31,960 --> 01:37:33,920 THEY HAVE ESTABLISHED COHORT OF 2276 01:37:33,920 --> 01:37:34,920 PATIENTS BOTH WITH ALZHEIMER'S 2277 01:37:34,920 --> 01:37:37,320 DISEASE AND MILD COGNITIVE 2278 01:37:37,320 --> 01:37:38,800 IMPAIRMENT ALSO WITH NORMAL 2279 01:37:38,800 --> 01:37:41,040 CONTROLS. THESE PATIENTS HAVE 2280 01:37:41,040 --> 01:37:41,720 EXTENSIVE NEUROIMAGING AND 2281 01:37:41,720 --> 01:37:43,880 BIOLOGICAL DATA. SO WE THOUGHT 2282 01:37:43,880 --> 01:37:50,680 THIS ALLOWED FOR GREAT 2283 01:37:50,680 --> 01:37:51,320 OPPORTUNITY FOR COLLABORATION. 2284 01:37:51,320 --> 01:37:52,480 THESE ARE TESTS THAT WE ARE 2285 01:37:52,480 --> 01:37:54,560 DOING, A GAP TEST WHICH IS THE 2286 01:37:54,560 --> 01:37:55,320 ABILITY TO DETECT SMALL GAP IN 2287 01:37:55,320 --> 01:38:03,120 NOISE. HEARING NOISE TEST TO 2288 01:38:03,120 --> 01:38:04,160 REPEAT A SENTENCE PRESENTED THE 2289 01:38:04,160 --> 01:38:05,320 BACKGROUND NOISE. THE TRIPLE 2290 01:38:05,320 --> 01:38:07,320 DIGIT TEST, THE ABILITY TO 2291 01:38:07,320 --> 01:38:08,520 DETECT THREE DIGITS PRESENTED IN 2292 01:38:08,520 --> 01:38:12,120 BACKGROUND NOISE. AND THE 2293 01:38:12,120 --> 01:38:14,120 AWARDS TEST WHICH IS THE ABILITY 2294 01:38:14,120 --> 01:38:17,000 TO DETECT WORDS PRESENTED 2295 01:38:17,000 --> 01:38:19,640 SIMULTANEOUSLY TO BOTH EARS. SO 2296 01:38:19,640 --> 01:38:22,000 THESE ARE JUST SOME OF OUR 2297 01:38:22,000 --> 01:38:22,960 PRELIMINARY RESULTS WE HAVE ONLY 2298 01:38:22,960 --> 01:38:25,280 JUST GOTTEN STARTED. BUT ON THE 2299 01:38:25,280 --> 01:38:29,280 LEFT PANEL, THIS SHOWS A MRI 2300 01:38:29,280 --> 01:38:32,080 TEMPLATE A 1 IS PRIMARY AUDITORY 2301 01:38:32,080 --> 01:38:33,160 CORTEX, A 2 IS SECONDARY 2302 01:38:33,160 --> 01:38:42,080 AUDITORY CORTEX. IN THE MIDDLE, 2303 01:38:42,080 --> 01:38:43,960 THE VIOLET AREAS ARE TAUD 2304 01:38:43,960 --> 01:38:44,560 DEPOSITION AND ACROSS THE TOP 2305 01:38:44,560 --> 01:38:45,960 YOU CAN SEE THE RESULTS IN 2306 01:38:45,960 --> 01:38:49,320 CENTRAL AUDITORY TESTS. GAP 2307 01:38:49,320 --> 01:38:50,320 DETECTION WAS 5.7 YOU MIGHT 2308 01:38:50,320 --> 01:38:52,040 EXPECT SOMETHING LESS THAN 5. 2309 01:38:52,040 --> 01:38:54,240 HINT RESULTS WERE YOU MIGHT 2310 01:38:54,240 --> 01:38:58,280 EXPECT MINUS 7, MINUS 5. TRIPLE 2311 01:38:58,280 --> 01:39:01,240 DIGIT MIGHT BE AROUND MINUS 30, 2312 01:39:01,240 --> 01:39:03,920 MINUS 28, 29 AND THEN THERE WERE 2313 01:39:03,920 --> 01:39:07,720 32 ERRORS ON THE SSW, NORMAL 2314 01:39:07,720 --> 01:39:11,160 USUALLY HAVE NONE. ON THE RIGHT 2315 01:39:11,160 --> 01:39:13,800 THIS IS SOMEONE WITH MORE 2316 01:39:13,800 --> 01:39:16,560 ADVANCED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, 2317 01:39:16,560 --> 01:39:18,960 THE AREAS THAT ARE IN BLUE ARE 2318 01:39:18,960 --> 01:39:21,200 MORE SEVERE TAU DEPOSITION. IN 2319 01:39:21,200 --> 01:39:23,120 THIS CASE YOU CAN SEE THE GAP 2320 01:39:23,120 --> 01:39:26,720 DETECTION IS HIGHER 8.4, HINT IS 2321 01:39:26,720 --> 01:39:32,600 WORSE, 1.3, TRIPLE DIGIT 23.7, 2322 01:39:32,600 --> 01:39:35,400 120 ERRORS IN SSW. SO THESE ARE 2323 01:39:35,400 --> 01:39:38,720 PRELIMINARY DATA FOR US BUT 2324 01:39:38,720 --> 01:39:41,080 CERTAINLY THINGS SEEM TO BE SO 2325 01:39:41,080 --> 01:39:46,760 FAR SUPPORTING OUR IDEAS. OUR 2326 01:39:46,760 --> 01:39:48,320 GOAL IS O ESTABLISH CROSS 2327 01:39:48,320 --> 01:39:50,000 SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2328 01:39:50,000 --> 01:39:51,720 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND CENTRAL 2329 01:39:51,720 --> 01:39:52,600 AUDITORY TEST PERFORMANCE IN 2330 01:39:52,600 --> 01:39:54,400 PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE 2331 01:39:54,400 --> 01:39:58,440 IMPAIRMENT ALZHEIMER'SMENT AND 2332 01:39:58,440 --> 01:40:00,960 THEN IF WE DO SEE THAT OUR 2333 01:40:00,960 --> 01:40:02,960 FUTURE WORK ESTABLISHES CENTRAL 2334 01:40:02,960 --> 01:40:05,080 AUDITORY TESTS THAT CAN BE USED 2335 01:40:05,080 --> 01:40:06,560 LONGITUDINALLY TO TRACK 2336 01:40:06,560 --> 01:40:12,200 COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. SO WHY 2337 01:40:12,200 --> 01:40:14,320 CENTRAL AUDITORY TEST? THE 2338 01:40:14,320 --> 01:40:14,920 REASON WE -- 2339 01:40:14,920 --> 01:40:17,440 >> WE ARE AT FIVE MINUTES. 2340 01:40:17,440 --> 01:40:22,480 >> IT IS -- 2341 01:40:22,480 --> 01:40:24,200 >> IT'S PASSEDED. 2342 01:40:24,200 --> 01:40:26,080 >> THEN I WILL STOP. 2343 01:40:26,080 --> 01:40:30,680 >> OKAY. THEN GO O THE NEXT 2344 01:40:30,680 --> 01:40:34,320 SPEAKER. SORRY TO BE HARD ON 2345 01:40:34,320 --> 01:40:36,680 YOU BUT I THOUGHT WE WERE ALL 2346 01:40:36,680 --> 01:40:37,240 DOING FIVE MINUTES A PERSON. 2347 01:40:37,240 --> 01:40:39,560 >> THAT'S OKAY. I TIMED IT UP 2348 01:40:39,560 --> 01:40:40,360 AND THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD. 2349 01:40:40,360 --> 01:40:44,000 >> OKAY. OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. 2350 01:40:44,000 --> 01:40:45,960 SHANNON SHEPHERD FROM CHAPMAN 2351 01:40:45,960 --> 01:40:59,760 UNIVERSITY. 2352 01:40:59,760 --> 01:41:02,120 >> THANK YOU, I WANT TO THANK 2353 01:41:02,120 --> 01:41:07,640 DR. HILLICSS, PI -- HILLIS, PI 2354 01:41:07,640 --> 01:41:09,360 ON THIS, WHO. THE FOCUS OF OUR 2355 01:41:09,360 --> 01:41:10,800 PARENT GRANT AND OUR SUPPLEMENT 2356 01:41:10,800 --> 01:41:13,560 GRANT IS EMOTIONAL PROSOTY 2357 01:41:13,560 --> 01:41:15,080 REFERRING TO CHANGES SPEAKERS 2358 01:41:15,080 --> 01:41:17,640 MAKE TO PITCH, RHYTHM, RATE AND 2359 01:41:17,640 --> 01:41:18,920 VOLUME OF THEIR SPEECH TO CONVEY 2360 01:41:18,920 --> 01:41:21,920 THEIR EMOTION. EMOTIONAL 2361 01:41:21,920 --> 01:41:23,520 PROCESSING CAN CHANGE MEANING OF 2362 01:41:23,520 --> 01:41:25,040 SENTENCE, SO CONSIDER THE 2363 01:41:25,040 --> 01:41:26,920 SENTENCE I DIDN'T KNOW YOU WOULD 2364 01:41:26,920 --> 01:41:28,880 BE HERE COMPARED TO THAT SAME 2365 01:41:28,880 --> 01:41:32,640 SENTENCE, SPOKEN WITH ANGRY 2366 01:41:32,640 --> 01:41:34,600 PROSODY. I DIDN'T KNOW YOU WOULD 2367 01:41:34,600 --> 01:41:35,920 BE HERE. THEY HAVE DIFFERENT 2368 01:41:35,920 --> 01:41:37,080 INTENDED MEANINGS THOUGH THE 2369 01:41:37,080 --> 01:41:40,840 WORDS ARE THE SAME. EMOTIONAL 2370 01:41:40,840 --> 01:41:43,320 DEFICITS ARE TERMED APERSODIA. 2371 01:41:43,320 --> 01:41:45,920 YOU CAN HAVE EXPRESSSIVE OR 2372 01:41:45,920 --> 01:41:51,000 RECEPTIVE APROSODIA. PAST 2373 01:41:51,000 --> 01:41:52,880 RESEARCH FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUALS 2374 01:41:52,880 --> 01:41:55,320 WITH RIGHT HEMISPHERE STROKE. IT 2375 01:41:55,320 --> 01:41:59,080 IS A COMMON CONSEQUENCE OF RIGHT 2376 01:41:59,080 --> 01:42:00,440 HEMISPHERE STROKE. HAS THE 2377 01:42:00,440 --> 01:42:02,520 FOCUS OF PARENT GRANT. EVIDENCE 2378 01:42:02,520 --> 01:42:04,720 SUGGESTS THAT THERE IS EMERGING 2379 01:42:04,720 --> 01:42:07,640 EVIDENCE THAT APRISODIA OCCURS 2380 01:42:07,640 --> 01:42:09,080 IN INDIVIDUALS WITH 2381 01:42:09,080 --> 01:42:11,120 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, 2382 01:42:11,120 --> 01:42:11,840 RECEPTIVE EXPRESSIVE DEFICITS 2383 01:42:11,840 --> 01:42:13,960 ARE REPORTED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH 2384 01:42:13,960 --> 01:42:17,240 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE OR AD AND 2385 01:42:17,240 --> 01:42:18,720 FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION OR 2386 01:42:18,720 --> 01:42:22,240 FTD. MORE SEVERE ARE INCREASED 2387 01:42:22,240 --> 01:42:23,520 DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL ISSUES 2388 01:42:23,520 --> 01:42:24,920 MORAL CONFLICT WITH CAREGIVERS 2389 01:42:24,920 --> 01:42:26,760 WHICH IS GOING TO ALL LEAD TO 2390 01:42:26,760 --> 01:42:28,120 LOWER QUALITY OF LIFE FOR 2391 01:42:28,120 --> 01:42:29,120 PATIENT AS WELL AS FOR THEIR 2392 01:42:29,120 --> 01:42:34,960 LOVED ONES. ADVANCE. WE DON'T 2393 01:42:34,960 --> 01:42:36,840 UNDERSTAND HOW IT VARIES ACROSS 2394 01:42:36,840 --> 01:42:39,960 SUBTYPES OF AD AND FTD AND 2395 01:42:39,960 --> 01:42:41,040 STUDYING THESE DEFICITS AND 2396 01:42:41,040 --> 01:42:44,000 PATTERNS IN THE DEFICITS IN 2397 01:42:44,000 --> 01:42:45,160 NEURODEGENERATION HELP IDENTIFY 2398 01:42:45,160 --> 01:42:47,720 EARLY MARKERS OF 2399 01:42:47,720 --> 01:42:48,560 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, HELP 2400 01:42:48,560 --> 01:42:49,280 DIFFERENTIATE SUB TYPES OF AD 2401 01:42:49,280 --> 01:42:51,600 AND FTD AS WELL ATZ PROVIDERS OF 2402 01:42:51,600 --> 01:42:52,720 MORE INFORMATION ABOUT 2403 01:42:52,720 --> 01:42:54,880 NEUROCORRELATES OF EMOTIONAL 2404 01:42:54,880 --> 01:42:59,280 PROSODY. SO WE HAVE COLLECTED 2405 01:42:59,280 --> 01:43:00,920 DATA FROM SEVERAL SUB TYPES OF 2406 01:43:00,920 --> 01:43:04,760 AD AND FD BUT TODAY I WILL FOCUS 2407 01:43:04,760 --> 01:43:05,760 BRIEFLY ON THE DATA WE COLLECTED 2408 01:43:05,760 --> 01:43:09,440 IN PPAER O PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE 2409 01:43:09,440 --> 01:43:10,480 AFASCIA, IT IS A CLINICAL 2410 01:43:10,480 --> 01:43:12,160 SYNDROME THAT AFFECTS THE 2411 01:43:12,160 --> 01:43:13,280 COMPREHENSION AND EXPRESSION OF 2412 01:43:13,280 --> 01:43:16,280 LANGUAGE RESULTING FROM 2413 01:43:16,280 --> 01:43:20,080 NEURODEGENERATIVE -- 2414 01:43:20,080 --> 01:43:21,640 NEURODEGENERATION. EACH CARIZED 2415 01:43:21,640 --> 01:43:23,000 BY PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE 2416 01:43:23,000 --> 01:43:24,360 DEFICITS, THERE IS TO MAN TICK 2417 01:43:24,360 --> 01:43:26,240 AND NON-FLUENT VARIANT, BOTH 2418 01:43:26,240 --> 01:43:28,680 MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH FTD 2419 01:43:28,680 --> 01:43:33,360 PATHOLOGY. AND THERE IS ALSO A 2420 01:43:33,360 --> 01:43:35,720 LOGOPENIC VARIANT, MOST OFTEN 2421 01:43:35,720 --> 01:43:36,920 ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL 2422 01:43:36,920 --> 01:43:38,360 DISTRIBUTION OF AD. THESE OUR 2423 01:43:38,360 --> 01:43:40,160 THREE STAGE MODEL RECEPTIVE 2424 01:43:40,160 --> 01:43:43,000 EMOTIONAL PROSODY, WE DEVELOPED 2425 01:43:43,000 --> 01:43:44,920 IN OUR WORK IN RIGHT 2426 01:43:44,920 --> 01:43:45,520 RECOMMENDATION FEAR STROKE AND 2427 01:43:45,520 --> 01:43:47,360 WE ARE CONTINUING TO USE IN THE 2428 01:43:47,360 --> 01:43:50,120 CURRENT STUDY. SO JUST BRIEFLY 2429 01:43:50,120 --> 01:43:52,080 HERE STAGE 1 INVOLVES ACOUSTIC 2430 01:43:52,080 --> 01:43:55,640 ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH SIGNAL. 2431 01:43:55,640 --> 01:43:57,160 STAGE 2 INVOLVES MAPPING 2432 01:43:57,160 --> 01:43:58,600 SPECIFIC PROSODIC FEATURES TO 2433 01:43:58,600 --> 01:44:00,520 THE APPROPRIATE EMOTION. FOR 2434 01:44:00,520 --> 01:44:01,720 EXAMPLE, MAPPING THE FEATURES OF 2435 01:44:01,720 --> 01:44:03,640 FAST RATE AND HIGH PITCH, ON TO 2436 01:44:03,640 --> 01:44:07,240 EMOTIONAL HAPPY. STAGE 3 2437 01:44:07,240 --> 01:44:08,120 INVOLVES SO MAN TICK 2438 01:44:08,120 --> 01:44:09,240 REPRESENTATION ACCESS TO THAT 2439 01:44:09,240 --> 01:44:12,120 EMOTION. AND THEN STAGE 2 AND 3 2440 01:44:12,120 --> 01:44:14,320 INTERACT AND FORM THIS LOOP WITH 2441 01:44:14,320 --> 01:44:15,920 DOMAIN GENERAL EMOTIONAL 2442 01:44:15,920 --> 01:44:19,560 LANGUAGE PROCESSING WHICH SERVES 2443 01:44:19,560 --> 01:44:21,520 EMOTION RECOGNITION IN SPEECH AS 2444 01:44:21,520 --> 01:44:23,160 WELL AS OTHER DOMAINS 2445 01:44:23,160 --> 01:44:26,280 RECOGNIZING FACIAL EXPRESSES. 2446 01:44:26,280 --> 01:44:30,360 SO WE FOUND THAT WITHIN RIGHT 2447 01:44:30,360 --> 01:44:32,160 HEMISPHERE STROKE PEOPLE HAVE 2448 01:44:32,160 --> 01:44:33,400 DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF DEFICITS 2449 01:44:33,400 --> 01:44:35,440 SO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT DEFICITS 2450 01:44:35,440 --> 01:44:40,120 THAT ARE CAUSING THE RECEPTIVE 2451 01:44:40,120 --> 01:44:41,800 APROSODEUA. WE HAVE INDIVIDUALS 2452 01:44:41,800 --> 01:44:42,440 WITH SLINGTIVE DEFICIT OF STAGE 2453 01:44:42,440 --> 01:44:46,160 1. -- SELECTIVE DEFICIT OF STAGE 2454 01:44:46,160 --> 01:44:48,320 1 AND SELECTIVE DEFICIT OF STAGE 2455 01:44:48,320 --> 01:44:53,040 2 AND THOSE WITH DIFFICULT 2456 01:44:53,040 --> 01:44:53,720 ADVERTISE WITH GENERAL DOMAIN 2457 01:44:53,720 --> 01:44:56,440 KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING. SO THESE 2458 01:44:56,440 --> 01:44:58,320 ARE OUR SELECT PRELIMINARY 2459 01:44:58,320 --> 01:45:01,280 FINDINGS FROM 18 INDIVIDUALS 2460 01:45:01,280 --> 01:45:08,040 WITH PPA. WE HAVE WE FOUND THAT 2461 01:45:08,040 --> 01:45:09,320 THERE IS TWO MAIN PATTERNS OF 2462 01:45:09,320 --> 01:45:11,920 THE DEFICITS, THE INDIVIDUALS 2463 01:45:11,920 --> 01:45:16,320 WITH LOGO PENIC AND SEW MAN TICK 2464 01:45:16,320 --> 01:45:18,320 VARIANT HAD DIFFICULTIES WITH 2465 01:45:18,320 --> 01:45:20,960 STAGE 1, 3 AND GENERAL 2466 01:45:20,960 --> 01:45:22,240 PROCESSING. NON-FLUENT VARIANT 2467 01:45:22,240 --> 01:45:23,680 HAD DIFFICULTIES WITH STAGE 1 2468 01:45:23,680 --> 01:45:26,280 AND 3, BUT NOT DOMAIN GENERAL. 2469 01:45:26,280 --> 01:45:31,360 ADVANCE. TO CONCLUDE THERE ARE 2470 01:45:31,360 --> 01:45:33,240 PATTERNS OF DEFICITS VARYING 2471 01:45:33,240 --> 01:45:35,440 ACROSS SUBTYPES OF AD AND FTD 2472 01:45:35,440 --> 01:45:36,720 AND FUTURE WORK AS COVID OF 2473 01:45:36,720 --> 01:45:37,960 COURSE DID EFFECT IT INCLUDES 2474 01:45:37,960 --> 01:45:40,840 ANALYZING OUR EXPRESSIVE DATA WE 2475 01:45:40,840 --> 01:45:43,040 COLLECTED AS WELL AS IDENTIFY 2476 01:45:43,040 --> 01:45:44,520 NEURAL CORRELATES OF EXPRESSIVE 2477 01:45:44,520 --> 01:45:47,120 AND RECEPTIVE ACROSS DIFFERENCE 2478 01:45:47,120 --> 01:45:48,080 SUB TYPES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE 2479 01:45:48,080 --> 01:45:51,480 DISEASE AND FINALLY 2480 01:45:51,480 --> 01:45:53,400 INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHIPS 2481 01:45:53,400 --> 01:45:58,320 BETWEEN LANGUAGE DEFICITS AN 2482 01:45:58,320 --> 01:45:58,720 PPA. 2483 01:45:58,720 --> 01:46:03,920 >> THANK YOU, OUR NEXT SPEAKER 2484 01:46:03,920 --> 01:46:05,320 IS DR. BRIAN MACWHINNEY. FIVE 2485 01:46:05,320 --> 01:46:07,360 MINUTES TOLL, IF YOU WANT 2486 01:46:07,360 --> 01:46:08,200 QUESTIONS SPEAK THREE MINUTES 2487 01:46:08,200 --> 01:46:10,720 THEN ALLOW TIMES FOR QUESTIONS. 2488 01:46:10,720 --> 01:46:27,960 >> I CAN'T START MY VIDEO. OKAY. 2489 01:46:27,960 --> 01:46:30,280 THIS IS RECORD ABILITY THE 2490 01:46:30,280 --> 01:46:33,880 DEMENTIA BANK. NEXT SLIDE. THE 2491 01:46:33,880 --> 01:46:39,680 DEMENTIA BANK IS ONE OF SIX 2492 01:46:39,680 --> 01:46:54,840 CLINICAL BANKS AND ALL -- WITH 2493 01:46:54,840 --> 01:46:59,040 DIFFERENT COURSES SOME HAVE BEEN 2494 01:46:59,040 --> 01:47:01,120 IN PLACE 32 YEARS, OTHERS 15 2495 01:47:01,120 --> 01:47:06,480 YEARS, TOTAL PUBLICATION ARE 2496 01:47:06,480 --> 01:47:07,960 10,000 FROM ARTICLES PUBLISHED 2497 01:47:07,960 --> 01:47:17,320 ON THIS DATAMENT THIS IS A 2498 01:47:17,320 --> 01:47:32,160 UNIFIED DATA. WE ARE FOCUSING ON 2499 01:47:32,160 --> 01:47:34,640 OPEN DATA SHARING. WHICH HAS 2500 01:47:34,640 --> 01:47:36,200 BEEN INTERESTING FOR DEMENTIA. 2501 01:47:36,200 --> 01:47:37,600 SAY A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT. WE 2502 01:47:37,600 --> 01:47:39,840 HAVE A SINGLE TRANSCRIPTION 2503 01:47:39,840 --> 01:47:41,840 FORMAT, WE HAVE INTEROPERABILITY 2504 01:47:41,840 --> 01:47:42,640 WITH DIFFERENT FORMATS, WE HAVE 2505 01:47:42,640 --> 01:47:45,640 A WIDE RANGE OF SOFTWARE, THAT 2506 01:47:45,640 --> 01:47:48,120 IS ANALYZE CORPUS ANALYSIS, 2507 01:47:48,120 --> 01:47:51,440 CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. 2508 01:47:51,440 --> 01:47:54,080 PROFILING SO ON. A LOT OF 2509 01:47:54,080 --> 01:47:56,520 ORIENTATION TOWARDS THE 2510 01:47:56,520 --> 01:47:57,920 COMMUNITY IN TERMS OF MEETINGS 2511 01:47:57,920 --> 01:48:01,000 AND GOOGLE GROUPS AND ADVISORY 2512 01:48:01,000 --> 01:48:02,360 BOARDS. ONE OF THE THINGS WE 2513 01:48:02,360 --> 01:48:05,320 ALSO RECEIVE SUPPORT FROM THE 2514 01:48:05,320 --> 01:48:08,720 OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY 2515 01:48:08,720 --> 01:48:12,680 AT NIH COUPLE OF SUPPLEMENT 2516 01:48:12,680 --> 01:48:15,360 GRANTS FOR THE FAIR TRUST 2517 01:48:15,360 --> 01:48:16,440 STANDARDS, ALSO SUBSCRIBED IN 2518 01:48:16,440 --> 01:48:18,480 THE CORE TRUST SO WE ARE TRYING 2519 01:48:18,480 --> 01:48:20,560 TO BE RESPONSIBLE DATABASE. 2520 01:48:20,560 --> 01:48:24,840 NEXT SLIDE. SO FAR THIS WAS 2521 01:48:24,840 --> 01:48:25,920 WORK WAS FUNDED THROUGH 2522 01:48:25,920 --> 01:48:31,480 SUPPLEMENT TO AFASCIA BANK, WE 2523 01:48:31,480 --> 01:48:35,640 HAVE 13 CORPORA. WE HAVE ALSO 2524 01:48:35,640 --> 01:48:38,920 SET UP NEW AFASCIA USING BASIS 2525 01:48:38,920 --> 01:48:41,520 OF AFASCIA BANK PROTOCOL AND SET 2526 01:48:41,520 --> 01:48:45,280 UP PROTOCOL FOR DEMENTIA BANK 2527 01:48:45,280 --> 01:48:47,960 WORKING WITH ALISSA IN DELAWARE 2528 01:48:47,960 --> 01:48:52,440 TO COLLECT HIGH QUALITY DATA. SO 2529 01:48:52,440 --> 01:48:55,600 WE HAVE NOW 265 PUBLICATIONS AND 2530 01:48:55,600 --> 01:48:57,720 BASED ON DEMENTIA BANK DATA. 2531 01:48:57,720 --> 01:48:59,200 PRIMARILY PARTICULAR CORPUS THAT 2532 01:48:59,200 --> 01:49:00,160 WE HAVE GOT FROM ALZHEIMER'S 2533 01:49:00,160 --> 01:49:01,000 CENTER AT UNIVERSITY OF 2534 01:49:01,000 --> 01:49:04,160 PITTSBURGH. THIS IS REALLY THE 2535 01:49:04,160 --> 01:49:06,080 ONLY OPEN SOURCE CORPUS DEMENTIA 2536 01:49:06,080 --> 01:49:08,640 THAT IS AVAILABLE, IT IS 2537 01:49:08,640 --> 01:49:10,160 ABSOLUTELY REMARKABLE HOW MANY 2538 01:49:10,160 --> 01:49:14,480 STUDIES ARE BASED ON THIS. 2539 01:49:14,480 --> 01:49:15,640 PEOPLE ARE ALMOST ALL COMPUTER 2540 01:49:15,640 --> 01:49:18,600 SCIENTISTS USING THESE DATA 2541 01:49:18,600 --> 01:49:22,920 LOOKING AT THE LANGUAGE, 2542 01:49:22,920 --> 01:49:25,240 ACOUSTICS, IN THESE RECORDINGS, 2543 01:49:25,240 --> 01:49:28,200 JUST RECORDING OF NARROW BADLY 2544 01:49:28,200 --> 01:49:29,520 RECORDED, 25 YEARS AGO, BUT IT 2545 01:49:29,520 --> 01:49:34,400 HAS DRIVEN A HUGE AMOUNT OF 2546 01:49:34,400 --> 01:49:36,720 RESEARCH THAT IS ONE OF THE MAIN 2547 01:49:36,720 --> 01:49:38,320 CONTRIBUTIONS GETTING UP TO 2548 01:49:38,320 --> 01:49:40,560 LEVEL OF 94% ACCURACY IN 2549 01:49:40,560 --> 01:49:41,480 DETECTION OF DEMENTIA, EARLY 2550 01:49:41,480 --> 01:49:44,080 DETECTION. WE ALSO RUN 2551 01:49:44,080 --> 01:49:46,800 INTERSPEECH CHALLENGES, 2552 01:49:46,800 --> 01:49:48,000 DIFFERENT METHODS COMPUTATIONAL 2553 01:49:48,000 --> 01:49:49,920 LINGUISTIC MACHINE LEARNING, 2554 01:49:49,920 --> 01:49:54,280 HERE ARE MACHINE LEARNING MODEL 2555 01:49:54,280 --> 01:49:56,680 USED QUEUES USED, ACCURACY UP TO 2556 01:49:56,680 --> 01:50:00,480 93%. THESE ARE SOME OF THE 2557 01:50:00,480 --> 01:50:08,120 PROGRAMS THAT WE USE TO ANALYZE 2558 01:50:08,120 --> 01:50:11,160 DATA. SO WE WANT TO DO NOW IS 2559 01:50:11,160 --> 01:50:14,560 DEVELOP MORE DATA BETTER QUALITY 2560 01:50:14,560 --> 01:50:18,240 OTHER IS OUR OWN GOAL CORPUS 2561 01:50:18,240 --> 01:50:21,560 RIGHT TO APPLY ASR METHODS, 2562 01:50:21,560 --> 01:50:23,360 AUTOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION, WE HAVE 2563 01:50:23,360 --> 01:50:25,240 COLLABORATIVE COMMENTARY THAT IS 2564 01:50:25,240 --> 01:50:27,880 -- WOULD BE USEFUL FOR LEARNING 2565 01:50:27,880 --> 01:50:31,440 AND I HI I RAN OUT OF TIME. 2566 01:50:31,440 --> 01:50:35,000 RIGHT, LANA? I CAN'T HEAR YOU. 2567 01:50:35,000 --> 01:50:36,360 >> I HAVE TIME TO ANSWER 2568 01:50:36,360 --> 01:50:37,960 QUESTIONS, YOU HAVE 52 SECONDS. 2569 01:50:37,960 --> 01:50:42,360 >> THANK YOU. 2570 01:50:42,360 --> 01:50:47,200 >> ANY QUESTIONS? FOR DR. 2571 01:50:47,200 --> 01:50:47,600 MACWHINNEY? 2572 01:50:47,600 --> 01:50:50,160 >> I SEE A CLOCK THERE. PLEASE 2573 01:50:50,160 --> 01:50:54,200 DO LOOK AT THE CLOCK. 2574 01:50:54,200 --> 01:50:55,720 >> WE LIKE ALL YOU GUYS TO 2575 01:50:55,720 --> 01:50:57,160 CONTRIBUTE DATA. LET ME SAY 2576 01:50:57,160 --> 01:51:00,520 THAT. 2577 01:51:00,520 --> 01:51:04,040 >> I GUESS I HAVE ONE QUESTION. 2578 01:51:04,040 --> 01:51:06,200 IS -- ARE YOU -- IS THERE ANY 2579 01:51:06,200 --> 01:51:10,320 PLAN TO DO ANY TWITTER MINING OR 2580 01:51:10,320 --> 01:51:14,560 PUTTING IN THIS -- UP ON THE -- 2581 01:51:14,560 --> 01:51:18,320 ALSO USING ALEXA TO CHECK DATA. 2582 01:51:18,320 --> 01:51:19,600 SO THERE ARE -- THEY ARE QUITE A 2583 01:51:19,600 --> 01:51:24,040 LOT OF PROJECTS THAT ARE 2584 01:51:24,040 --> 01:51:24,840 FILTERING IN TO DEMENTIA BANK 2585 01:51:24,840 --> 01:51:25,760 FROM DIFFERENT PLACES BUT THERE 2586 01:51:25,760 --> 01:51:30,920 ARE A COUPLE USING ALEXA. VOICE 2587 01:51:30,920 --> 01:51:31,800 ACTIVATED RECORDING. 2588 01:51:31,800 --> 01:51:34,840 >> ALL RIGHT. TIME IS UP. THANK 2589 01:51:34,840 --> 01:51:35,000 YOU. 2590 01:51:35,000 --> 01:51:35,960 >> THANK YOU. 2591 01:51:35,960 --> 01:51:40,640 >> NEXT SPEAKER IS GOING TO BE 2592 01:51:40,640 --> 01:51:44,520 DR. SWATHI KIRAN FROM BOSTON 2593 01:51:44,520 --> 01:51:44,840 UNIVERSITY. 2594 01:51:44,840 --> 01:51:46,320 >> SO WHAT I WILL TALK ABOUT 2595 01:51:46,320 --> 01:51:48,280 TODAY IS COLLABORATION WITH MY 2596 01:51:48,280 --> 01:51:52,200 COLLEAGUE AT UT AUSTIN, BOSTON 2597 01:51:52,200 --> 01:51:54,080 UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY OF 2598 01:51:54,080 --> 01:51:56,080 BARCELONA AND MASS GENERAL 2599 01:51:56,080 --> 01:51:56,920 HOSPITAL. AS PART OF THE GRANT 2600 01:51:56,920 --> 01:51:59,280 WE HAVE DEVELOPED A 2601 01:51:59,280 --> 01:52:00,240 COMPUTATIONAL MODEL CALLED -- 2602 01:52:00,240 --> 01:52:04,400 THIS IS A MODEL OF BILINGUAL 2603 01:52:04,400 --> 01:52:06,120 LANGUAGE SYSTEM SEMANTIC SYSTEM, 2604 01:52:06,120 --> 01:52:07,640 IN THIS MODEL THERE IS A 2605 01:52:07,640 --> 01:52:09,840 SEMANTIC SYSTEM CONNECTED TO TWO 2606 01:52:09,840 --> 01:52:11,720 PHONETIC SYSTEMS L 1 AND 2. IN 2607 01:52:11,720 --> 01:52:12,760 THIS CASE WE ARE STUDYING 2608 01:52:12,760 --> 01:52:14,280 ENGLISH AND SPANISH BUT REALLY 2609 01:52:14,280 --> 01:52:16,360 WE CAN APPLY THOSE TO ANY 2610 01:52:16,360 --> 01:52:18,680 LANGUAGE COMBINATION. THE KEY 2611 01:52:18,680 --> 01:52:20,120 ASPECT OF -- IS TAILORED TO 2612 01:52:20,120 --> 01:52:22,320 INDIVIDUALS HISTORY OF EXPOSURE 2613 01:52:22,320 --> 01:52:24,600 TO EACH LANGUAGE AND THE PARENT 2614 01:52:24,600 --> 01:52:27,880 GRANT USE MODEL TO SIMULATE 2615 01:52:27,880 --> 01:52:30,200 AFASCIA BY INTRODUCING NOISE 2616 01:52:30,200 --> 01:52:32,520 THAT SO MUCH MATCHES WITH 2617 01:52:32,520 --> 01:52:33,880 BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE DURING 2618 01:52:33,880 --> 01:52:34,840 SEMANTIC PROCESSING AND OR 2619 01:52:34,840 --> 01:52:38,160 NAMING THE PARENT GRANT ALSO 2620 01:52:38,160 --> 01:52:39,280 SUPPORTS ONGOING RANDOMIZE 2621 01:52:39,280 --> 01:52:41,040 CONTROL TRIAL TO DETERMINE 2622 01:52:41,040 --> 01:52:43,320 OUTCOMES IN STROKE PATIENTS WITH 2623 01:52:43,320 --> 01:52:45,200 AFASCIA. WHILE STROKE CAUSES 2624 01:52:45,200 --> 01:52:49,240 DECLINE WITH REHABILITATION 2625 01:52:49,240 --> 01:52:50,640 THERE IS IMPROVEMENT IN 2626 01:52:50,640 --> 01:52:52,120 PERFORMANCE. WE CAN SIMULATE 2627 01:52:52,120 --> 01:52:53,000 INDIVIDUALIZED DECLINE IN 2628 01:52:53,000 --> 01:52:56,720 DEMENTIA. TO ORIENT YOU TO THE 2629 01:52:56,720 --> 01:52:58,880 SLIDE I WILL SHOW YOU LATER THIS 2630 01:52:58,880 --> 01:53:00,600 MODEL WE TEST VALUE WAIT 2631 01:53:00,600 --> 01:53:01,560 BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE ON TWO 2632 01:53:01,560 --> 01:53:03,200 MEASURES. FIRST IS NAMING, IS 2633 01:53:03,200 --> 01:53:04,960 LOOKING AT PICTURES AND NAMING 2634 01:53:04,960 --> 01:53:06,080 AND THIS IS DONE BOTH 2635 01:53:06,080 --> 01:53:06,960 COMPUTATIONAL MODEL AS WELL AS 2636 01:53:06,960 --> 01:53:09,640 HUMANS. WE MEASURE THIS USING A 2637 01:53:09,640 --> 01:53:13,200 COMMON TEST CALLED (INAUDIBLE) 2638 01:53:13,200 --> 01:53:19,040 TEST AND IN HOUSE NAMING SCREEN. SCREEN. 2639 01:53:19,040 --> 01:53:19,880 SEMANTIC PERFORMANCE, YOUR 2640 01:53:19,880 --> 01:53:25,840 ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THESE. 2641 01:53:25,840 --> 01:53:27,160 DAMAGE IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM IS 2642 01:53:27,160 --> 01:53:28,320 DIFFERENT FROM DEMENTIA RELATIVE 2643 01:53:28,320 --> 01:53:32,480 TO STROKE. SO WE HAVE DEVELOPED 2644 01:53:32,480 --> 01:53:33,720 SEVERAL METHODS FOR BY TARGETING 2645 01:53:33,720 --> 01:53:35,080 THE FUNCTIONAL LAYERS THAT 2646 01:53:35,080 --> 01:53:36,280 CORRESPOND TO BRAIN REGIONS WE 2647 01:53:36,280 --> 01:53:38,880 THINK IS BELONGED -- RELATES TO 2648 01:53:38,880 --> 01:53:41,680 DEMENTIA PATHOLOGY. SO PICTURED 2649 01:53:41,680 --> 01:53:43,560 HERE ARE TWO LESION METHOD THAT 2650 01:53:43,560 --> 01:53:45,960 TARGET SEMANTIC MAP, THE FIRST 2651 01:53:45,960 --> 01:53:48,120 ONE THE OTHER PARTS OF THE MODEL 2652 01:53:48,120 --> 01:53:50,080 ARE LEFT INTACT BY BUT 2653 01:53:50,080 --> 01:53:50,920 PROGRESSIVELY MORE NEURONS IN 2654 01:53:50,920 --> 01:53:53,120 THE SEMANTIC MAP ARE MOVED OVER 2655 01:53:53,120 --> 01:53:56,080 TIME. ON THE TOP REMOVES NEURONS 2656 01:53:56,080 --> 01:53:58,080 AT ADJACENT TO THE PREVIOUSLY 2657 01:53:58,080 --> 01:54:01,120 REMOVED NEURONS SO FOCAL DAMAGE 2658 01:54:01,120 --> 01:54:02,040 VERSUS ONE AT BOTTOM NEURONS 2659 01:54:02,040 --> 01:54:04,640 CHOSEN AT RANDOM, WE CALL THIS A 2660 01:54:04,640 --> 01:54:08,320 DIFFUSE DECLINE. ANOTHER LESION 2661 01:54:08,320 --> 01:54:11,760 TARGETS INPUT TO THE SEMANTIC 2662 01:54:11,760 --> 01:54:14,400 MAP SO MOVING MORE SEMANTIC 2663 01:54:14,400 --> 01:54:15,920 FEATURES FROM CONSIDERATION WHEN 2664 01:54:15,920 --> 01:54:18,120 NEURON CLOSELY ATTACHED MATCHING 2665 01:54:18,120 --> 01:54:19,760 SEMANTIC INPUT AS CHOSEN SO 2666 01:54:19,760 --> 01:54:21,960 ALMOST LIKE LOSS OF SEMANTIC 2667 01:54:21,960 --> 01:54:23,840 FEATURE DEGRADATION UPSTREAM SO 2668 01:54:23,840 --> 01:54:25,320 YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT IT LOOKS 2669 01:54:25,320 --> 01:54:28,920 LIKE ANY MORE. THE LESION 2670 01:54:28,920 --> 01:54:30,120 TARGETS CONNECTIONS BETWEEN 2671 01:54:30,120 --> 01:54:32,240 SEMANTIC AND PHONETIC MAP AND 2672 01:54:32,240 --> 01:54:33,920 THIS IS PROGRESSIVELY REMOVING 2673 01:54:33,920 --> 01:54:35,440 THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE 2674 01:54:35,440 --> 01:54:38,760 SEMANTIC AND PHONETIC MAP SO 2675 01:54:38,760 --> 01:54:40,400 THIS IS REMOVING CONNECTIONS 2676 01:54:40,400 --> 01:54:43,720 BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS. SO WE 2677 01:54:43,720 --> 01:54:45,600 ARE IN THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING 2678 01:54:45,600 --> 01:54:47,320 LONGITUDINAL DATA FROM BILINGUAL 2679 01:54:47,320 --> 01:54:48,520 DEMENTIA PATIENTS SO PEOPLE WHO 2680 01:54:48,520 --> 01:54:50,000 SPEAK SPANISH AND ENGLISH AND 2681 01:54:50,000 --> 01:54:51,520 HAVE DEMENTIA. AND IN THE 2682 01:54:51,520 --> 01:54:53,640 MEANTIME WE ARE USING EXISTING 2683 01:54:53,640 --> 01:54:55,400 DATA FROM MONOLINGUALS WITH 2684 01:54:55,400 --> 01:54:57,040 DEMENTIA TO DO PRELIMINARY 2685 01:54:57,040 --> 01:54:59,320 ANALYSES OF HOW WELL THESE 2686 01:54:59,320 --> 01:55:00,240 LESIONS MATCH WHAT WE SEE IN 2687 01:55:00,240 --> 01:55:02,880 HUMAN PATIENTS. SO PICTURED 2688 01:55:02,880 --> 01:55:04,320 HERE ARE BEST FITS OF THOSE 2689 01:55:04,320 --> 01:55:07,360 LESIONS I JUST EXPLAINED TO YOU 2690 01:55:07,360 --> 01:55:08,120 FROM TWO MONOLINGUAL PATIENTS 2691 01:55:08,120 --> 01:55:12,320 WHOSE LONGITUDINAL NAMING AND -- 2692 01:55:12,320 --> 01:55:14,720 SCORES REPORTED IN HOE PAPER FOR 2693 01:55:14,720 --> 01:55:16,400 SHARING THE DATA. BLACK LINES 2694 01:55:16,400 --> 01:55:18,720 HERE ARE MODEL PAPT SCORES, 2695 01:55:18,720 --> 01:55:19,800 SEMANTIC SCORES AND BLACK DOTS 2696 01:55:19,800 --> 01:55:21,160 ARE THE ACTUAL PATIENT SCORES 2697 01:55:21,160 --> 01:55:25,120 OVER TIME. BLUE LINES ARE MODEL 2698 01:55:25,120 --> 01:55:26,200 SCORES AND DOTS ARE ACTUAL 2699 01:55:26,200 --> 01:55:27,760 PATIENT SCORES OVER TIME. SO YOU 2700 01:55:27,760 --> 01:55:32,000 CAN SEE THAT AFTER -- DIFFERENT 2701 01:55:32,000 --> 01:55:34,400 PATTERNS OF DECLINE, FOR BOTH 2702 01:55:34,400 --> 01:55:36,520 PATIENTS ON THE RIGHT SIDE BEST 2703 01:55:36,520 --> 01:55:37,960 MATCH FIT OF THE DATA. SO YOU 2704 01:55:37,960 --> 01:55:40,480 LOOK ON THE TOP RIGHT IT IS A 2705 01:55:40,480 --> 01:55:41,960 LESION TARGETING SEMANTIC MAP 2706 01:55:41,960 --> 01:55:44,920 WHICH IS MUCH FOR RANDOM AND THE 2707 01:55:44,920 --> 01:55:46,360 BOTTOM RIGHT QUADRANT IS LESION 2708 01:55:46,360 --> 01:55:48,640 THAT IS MUCH MORE FOCUS. SO THIS 2709 01:55:48,640 --> 01:55:50,080 IS DIFFERENT FROM THE STROKE, 2710 01:55:50,080 --> 01:55:53,480 THIS IS PROGRESSIVE DECLINE. SO 2711 01:55:53,480 --> 01:55:55,720 OUR ONGOING WORK IS TO CONTINUE 2712 01:55:55,720 --> 01:55:57,320 TO RECRUIT TEST AND FIT 2713 01:55:57,320 --> 01:55:59,120 INDIVIDUALIZED MODELS, SPANISH 2714 01:55:59,120 --> 01:56:01,360 ENGLISH BILINGUAL PEOPLE WITH 2715 01:56:01,360 --> 01:56:04,000 DEMENTIA AND EXTENDING THESE NEW 2716 01:56:04,000 --> 01:56:06,680 LESION TYPES TO OTHER TYPES OF 2717 01:56:06,680 --> 01:56:08,560 DEMENTIA SUCH AS DIFFERENCE IN 2718 01:56:08,560 --> 01:56:10,000 MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 2719 01:56:10,000 --> 01:56:16,320 PPA. THANKS. 2720 01:56:16,320 --> 01:56:19,400 >> THANK YOU DR. KIRAN. WE HAVE 2721 01:56:19,400 --> 01:56:20,320 30 SECONDS FOR QUESTION. LET ME 2722 01:56:20,320 --> 01:56:21,800 SEE IF THERE IS ANYTHING IN THE 2723 01:56:21,800 --> 01:56:26,680 CHAT. NO. 2724 01:56:26,680 --> 01:56:27,920 >> I THINK THERE WAS A QUESTION 2725 01:56:27,920 --> 01:56:29,400 ABOUT DECLINE IN DEMENTIA. WHAT 2726 01:56:29,400 --> 01:56:32,840 WE ARE TRYING TO DO -- CAN YOU 2727 01:56:32,840 --> 01:56:33,880 PLEASE RESTATE THE QUESTION FOR 2728 01:56:33,880 --> 01:56:35,440 THE VIDEOCAST? 2729 01:56:35,440 --> 01:56:38,080 >> WHEN YOU REPORT THE DECLINE 2730 01:56:38,080 --> 01:56:41,000 IN DEMENTIA DO YOU MEAN AD MCI 2731 01:56:41,000 --> 01:56:42,920 OR OR OTHER PHENOTYPES CAN YOU 2732 01:56:42,920 --> 01:56:44,920 BE SPECIFIC. WE ARE TRYING TO 2733 01:56:44,920 --> 01:56:45,680 DELINEATE BETWEEN DIFFERENT 2734 01:56:45,680 --> 01:56:46,560 TYPES OF DEMENTIA SO WHAT HE 2735 01:56:46,560 --> 01:56:48,240 WITH ARE FINDING IN DECLINE IN 2736 01:56:48,240 --> 01:56:50,240 MCI INVOLVES DIFFERENCE TYPE OF 2737 01:56:50,240 --> 01:56:53,760 LESION SEMANTIC LESION IN THE 2738 01:56:53,760 --> 01:56:55,160 MAP THAN PRIMARY AFASCIA, THAT 2739 01:56:55,160 --> 01:56:56,600 IS WHAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO FIND 2740 01:56:56,600 --> 01:57:01,240 OUT BY THE END OF THIS PROJECT. 2741 01:57:01,240 --> 01:57:03,320 >> TIME TO MOVE ON, NEXT SPEAKER 2742 01:57:03,320 --> 01:57:05,000 IS DR. NATALIE BUSBY FROM 2743 01:57:05,000 --> 01:57:06,760 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 2744 01:57:06,760 --> 01:57:08,520 PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY. 2745 01:57:08,520 --> 01:57:10,680 >> HI. THANKS FOR HAVING ME. 2746 01:57:10,680 --> 01:57:12,440 >> TIMER ON. 2747 01:57:12,440 --> 01:57:16,920 >> SORRY. PERFECT. THANK YOU. SO 2748 01:57:16,920 --> 01:57:18,560 I WANT TO TELL YOU ABOUT WHAT WE 2749 01:57:18,560 --> 01:57:20,320 HAVE BEEN DOING LOOKING AT THE 2750 01:57:20,320 --> 01:57:21,320 ROLE OF (INAUDIBLE) COGNITION. 2751 01:57:21,320 --> 01:57:24,720 SO NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. SO WE ALL 2752 01:57:24,720 --> 01:57:27,520 KNOW OLDER AGE IS RELATED TO 2753 01:57:27,520 --> 01:57:28,600 COGNITIVE DECLINE AND THIS IS 2754 01:57:28,600 --> 01:57:30,320 LIKELY DUE TO THE ATROPHY THAT 2755 01:57:30,320 --> 01:57:34,480 OCCURS AS WE AGE. AS YOU CAN SEE 2756 01:57:34,480 --> 01:57:37,520 ON THE IMAGE THERE IS STRUCTURAL 2757 01:57:37,520 --> 01:57:39,120 CHANGES THAT OCCUR AS WE AGE, 2758 01:57:39,120 --> 01:57:41,960 THINGS LIKE WIDENING OF THE THE 2759 01:57:41,960 --> 01:57:45,240 CORTICAL -- AND ENLARGEMENT OF 2760 01:57:45,240 --> 01:57:46,520 VENTRICLES AND OVERALL CORTEX. 2761 01:57:46,520 --> 01:57:48,440 THIS IS ATTRIBUTE IS LIKELY 2762 01:57:48,440 --> 01:57:50,040 RELATED TO COGNITIVE DECLINE WE 2763 01:57:50,040 --> 01:57:52,160 SEE IN OLD AGE. NEXT SLIDE 2764 01:57:52,160 --> 01:57:55,680 PLEASE. WHEN WE THINK OF THIS 2765 01:57:55,680 --> 01:57:56,920 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND 2766 01:57:56,920 --> 01:57:58,280 COGNITIVE DECLINE WHAT WE 2767 01:57:58,280 --> 01:57:59,520 TYPICALLY THINK OF IS 2768 01:57:59,520 --> 01:58:03,720 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. AND WHAT I 2769 01:58:03,720 --> 01:58:06,200 MEAN BY CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IS 2770 01:58:06,200 --> 01:58:07,160 SIMPLY HOW MANY YEARS IT WAS 2771 01:58:07,160 --> 01:58:10,120 SINCE YOU WERE BORN. WE THINK 2772 01:58:10,120 --> 01:58:11,080 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BECAUSE OF THE 2773 01:58:11,080 --> 01:58:13,120 FAIRLY TYPICAL PROGRESSION OF 2774 01:58:13,120 --> 01:58:14,600 ATROPHY AS WE AGE WHICH IS 2775 01:58:14,600 --> 01:58:15,800 RELATIVELY CONSISTENT ACROSS 2776 01:58:15,800 --> 01:58:21,200 INDIVIDUALS. THE RATE WHICH 2777 01:58:21,200 --> 01:58:23,680 EXPERIENCES CORTICAL ATROPHY IS 2778 01:58:23,680 --> 01:58:24,960 SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT AND NOT 2779 01:58:24,960 --> 01:58:26,560 EVERYONE THE SAME CHRONOLOGICAL 2780 01:58:26,560 --> 01:58:28,640 AGE MIGHT HAVE THE SAME LEVEL OF 2781 01:58:28,640 --> 01:58:29,600 ATROPHY. THIS MIGHT BE AN 2782 01:58:29,600 --> 01:58:31,680 IMPORTANT FACTOR MANY THE 2783 01:58:31,680 --> 01:58:32,360 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND 2784 01:58:32,360 --> 01:58:35,760 COGNITION. SO SOMEONE YOUNG BUT 2785 01:58:35,760 --> 01:58:37,240 MORE ATROPHY, WE MIGHT EXPECT 2786 01:58:37,240 --> 01:58:39,400 THAT THEY SHOW SYMPTOMS OF MILD 2787 01:58:39,400 --> 01:58:40,920 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT MORE SO 2788 01:58:40,920 --> 01:58:43,680 THAN SOMEONE WITH LESS ATROPHY. 2789 01:58:43,680 --> 01:58:45,080 WHEN WE CAN MEASURE CORTICAL 2790 01:58:45,080 --> 01:58:46,560 INTEGRITY OF THE BRAIN AND 2791 01:58:46,560 --> 01:58:48,120 ESTIMATE SOMEONE'S BRAIN AGE. 2792 01:58:48,120 --> 01:58:50,640 WHAT I MEAN BY BRAIN AGE IS WHAT 2793 01:58:50,640 --> 01:58:52,720 AGE WE PREDICT SOMEONE IS BASED 2794 01:58:52,720 --> 01:58:53,640 ON LEVEL OF ATROPHY IN THE 2795 01:58:53,640 --> 01:59:02,520 BRAIN. IN ORDER TO CALCULATE WE 2796 01:59:02,520 --> 01:59:08,480 CAN TAKE SOMEONE STRUCTURAL T 1 2797 01:59:08,480 --> 01:59:11,440 SCAN SO WE CAN SEGMENT INTO GRAY 2798 01:59:11,440 --> 01:59:13,400 MATTER, INTO WHITE MATTER AND 2799 01:59:13,400 --> 01:59:14,520 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TO GET A 2800 01:59:14,520 --> 01:59:17,240 SENSE OF OVERALL ATROPHY AND WE 2801 01:59:17,240 --> 01:59:19,200 CAN COMPARE TO A HEALTHY 2802 01:59:19,200 --> 01:59:21,920 CONTROLS USING THE BRAIN HR 2803 01:59:21,920 --> 01:59:25,240 ANALYSIS PROGRAM BY COLE AND 2804 01:59:25,240 --> 01:59:28,120 COLLEAGUES. TO USE THIS 2805 01:59:28,120 --> 01:59:30,680 ANALYSIS PIPELINE WE GET PREDICT 2806 01:59:30,680 --> 01:59:32,320 BRAIN AGE FOR EACH PERSON. ON 2807 01:59:32,320 --> 01:59:33,680 THE LEFT HAVE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE 2808 01:59:33,680 --> 01:59:35,720 OF 50 BUT ATROPHY THIS BRAIN 2809 01:59:35,720 --> 01:59:38,120 SUGGESTS THAT BRAIN AGE IS MORE 2810 01:59:38,120 --> 01:59:39,920 SIMILAR TO SOMEONE WHO IS AGE 2811 01:59:39,920 --> 01:59:41,680 67. ON THE RIGHT CHRONOLOGICAL 2812 01:59:41,680 --> 01:59:44,600 AGE OF 65 ESTIMATED BRAIN AGE IS 2813 01:59:44,600 --> 01:59:51,920 SOMEONE WHO IS MORE THAN 52. 2814 01:59:51,920 --> 01:59:53,280 USING THIS INFORMATION WE CAN 2815 01:59:53,280 --> 01:59:55,520 CALCULATE THE BRAIN AGE GAP. T 2816 01:59:55,520 --> 01:59:57,480 SO WE DO THIS BY TRUSTING 2817 01:59:57,480 --> 01:59:58,760 SOMEONE'S CHRONOLOGICAL AGE FROM 2818 01:59:58,760 --> 02:00:03,920 THE BRAIN AGE. AND IF WE GET A 2819 02:00:03,920 --> 02:00:06,520 COGNITIVE MEMBER IT INDICATES 2820 02:00:06,520 --> 02:00:07,760 OLDER BRAIN AGE THAN 2821 02:00:07,760 --> 02:00:09,960 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. SO BRAIN AGE 2822 02:00:09,960 --> 02:00:12,320 MIGHT SHOW ATROPHY THAN SOMEONE 2823 02:00:12,320 --> 02:00:14,960 WE EXPECT FROM THAT AGE. THIS IS 2824 02:00:14,960 --> 02:00:22,280 ADVANCED BRAIN AGING. SO HERE IN 2825 02:00:22,280 --> 02:00:23,320 -- WE HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT ROLE 2826 02:00:23,320 --> 02:00:26,080 OF BRAIN AGE IN COUPLE OF WAYS. 2827 02:00:26,080 --> 02:00:27,680 SO ONE OF THESE IS PEOPLE WHO 2828 02:00:27,680 --> 02:00:29,520 HAVE CHRONIC AFASCIA FOLLOWING A 2829 02:00:29,520 --> 02:00:31,520 STROKE. AND SO FAR WE FOUND THAT 2830 02:00:31,520 --> 02:00:33,320 BRAIN AGE IS BETTER PREDICTOR 2831 02:00:33,320 --> 02:00:35,320 THAN CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OF 2832 02:00:35,320 --> 02:00:38,040 PERFORMANCE ON SEMANTIC TASKS 2833 02:00:38,040 --> 02:00:40,720 LIKE PALM TREES TEST. AND WE 2834 02:00:40,720 --> 02:00:43,760 FOUND THE BRAIN AGE GAP 2835 02:00:43,760 --> 02:00:44,680 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHRONOLOGICAL 2836 02:00:44,680 --> 02:00:47,720 AGE AN ESTIMATED BRAIN AGE IS A 2837 02:00:47,720 --> 02:00:51,920 PREDICTOR OF LANGUAGE APHASIA IN 2838 02:00:51,920 --> 02:00:54,160 ACUTE AND CHRONIC STROKE 2839 02:00:54,160 --> 02:00:56,840 DELIVERY. ADVANCE. AND THEN WE 2840 02:00:56,840 --> 02:00:57,920 HAVE ALSO BEEN INVESTIGATING THE 2841 02:00:57,920 --> 02:01:01,240 ROLE OF THE BRAIN AGE GAP IN 2842 02:01:01,240 --> 02:01:02,560 HEALTHY AGING WHILE HERE AT THE 2843 02:01:02,560 --> 02:01:04,680 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 2844 02:01:04,680 --> 02:01:07,080 AND SO FAR WE INVESTIGATE HOW 2845 02:01:07,080 --> 02:01:08,320 BRAIN AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH 2846 02:01:08,320 --> 02:01:11,360 RESTING STATE CONNECTIVITY AND 2847 02:01:11,360 --> 02:01:12,720 Ph.D. STUDENTS FOUND THAT 2848 02:01:12,720 --> 02:01:13,880 ADVANCE BRAIN AGING IS 2849 02:01:13,880 --> 02:01:16,720 ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASE 2850 02:01:16,720 --> 02:01:18,120 CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS IN THE 2851 02:01:18,120 --> 02:01:20,080 BRAIN IN HEALTHY AGING AND 2852 02:01:20,080 --> 02:01:21,200 CURRENTLY INTERESTED IN 2853 02:01:21,200 --> 02:01:22,440 EXPLORING THIS RELATIONSHIP 2854 02:01:22,440 --> 02:01:23,720 BETWEEN THE BRAIN AGE GAP AND 2855 02:01:23,720 --> 02:01:26,320 COGNITION. TO TRY TO SEE IF 2856 02:01:26,320 --> 02:01:27,520 PEOPLE WHO HAVE ADVANCE BRAIN 2857 02:01:27,520 --> 02:01:29,120 AGING MIGHT BE MORE LIKELY TO 2858 02:01:29,120 --> 02:01:30,160 DEVELOP MILD COGNITIVE 2859 02:01:30,160 --> 02:01:32,280 IMPAIRMENT. WE ARE ALSO 2860 02:01:32,280 --> 02:01:33,560 INTERESTED IN WHICH HELP OR 2861 02:01:33,560 --> 02:01:35,440 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS MIGHT 2862 02:01:35,440 --> 02:01:37,720 CONTRIBUTE TO BRAIN AGE GAP, SO 2863 02:01:37,720 --> 02:01:38,640 LIFESTYLE CHANGES WE CAN DO 2864 02:01:38,640 --> 02:01:40,120 WHICH MIGHT PROMOTE HEALTHY 2865 02:01:40,120 --> 02:01:47,720 BRAIN AGING. THIS IS A SHOUT OUT 2866 02:01:47,720 --> 02:01:48,920 TO EVERYONE WORKING ON THESE 2867 02:01:48,920 --> 02:01:50,240 PROJECTS HERE IN SOUTH CAROLINA 2868 02:01:50,240 --> 02:01:51,000 AND OUR COLLABORATORS. THANK 2869 02:01:51,000 --> 02:01:53,200 YOU. 2870 02:01:53,200 --> 02:01:57,520 >> THANK YOU, DR. BUSBY. 2871 02:01:57,520 --> 02:02:01,400 SCANNING FOR THE CHAT, I DON'T 2872 02:02:01,400 --> 02:02:03,880 SEE ANYTHING DIRECT. SO LET'S 2873 02:02:03,880 --> 02:02:07,960 MOVE ON. DRY JESSICA KLUSEK, 2874 02:02:07,960 --> 02:02:09,240 ALSO UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH 2875 02:02:09,240 --> 02:02:12,560 CAROLINA. YOU ARE UP NEXT. 2876 02:02:12,560 --> 02:02:14,560 >> HI. THANK YOU FOR HOSTING 2877 02:02:14,560 --> 02:02:16,320 THIS WEBINAR, VERY EXCITED TO 2878 02:02:16,320 --> 02:02:17,240 PRESENT ABOUT MY SUPPLEMENT 2879 02:02:17,240 --> 02:02:20,680 WHICH FOCUS ON FMR1 PREMUTATION 2880 02:02:20,680 --> 02:02:24,360 GENOTYPE AND ASSOCIATED WITH -- 2881 02:02:24,360 --> 02:02:28,120 ASSOCIATION WITH AGE RELATED 2882 02:02:28,120 --> 02:02:31,400 COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC DECLINE. 2883 02:02:31,400 --> 02:02:34,320 BACKGROUND ON -- ON THE FRAGILE 2884 02:02:34,320 --> 02:02:36,520 X PERMUTATION, THIS IS A GENETIC 2885 02:02:36,520 --> 02:02:37,880 CONDITION CAUSED BY EXPANSION OF 2886 02:02:37,880 --> 02:02:39,840 THE TRINUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ON 2887 02:02:39,840 --> 02:02:43,520 THE FMR GENE ON THE X 2888 02:02:43,520 --> 02:02:44,840 CHROMOSOME. YOU MAY HAVE HEARD 2889 02:02:44,840 --> 02:02:46,920 OF THIS MUTATION BEING REFERRED 2890 02:02:46,920 --> 02:02:49,080 TO AS FRAGILE X CARRIERS BECAUSE 2891 02:02:49,080 --> 02:02:51,160 WOMEN WHO CARRY THIS MAY PASS TO 2892 02:02:51,160 --> 02:02:52,960 IT CHILDREN WHICH CAUSE FRAGILE 2893 02:02:52,960 --> 02:02:54,960 X SYNDROME. BUT EITHER IN THE 2894 02:02:54,960 --> 02:02:56,720 PRE-MUTATION OR FRAGILE X WE 2895 02:02:56,720 --> 02:02:59,000 KNEW THAT CGG EXPANSION DISRUPTS 2896 02:02:59,000 --> 02:03:00,720 THE PRODUCTION OF A REALLY 2897 02:03:00,720 --> 02:03:02,560 IMPORTANT PROTEIN FOR BRAIN 2898 02:03:02,560 --> 02:03:07,360 HEALTH AND BRAIN FUNCTION FMRP. 2899 02:03:07,360 --> 02:03:09,240 AND ACTUALLY THE PRE-MUTATION IS 2900 02:03:09,240 --> 02:03:14,840 COMMON, IT AFFECTS ONE IN 150 2901 02:03:14,840 --> 02:03:15,640 WOMEN, BUT THOUGH IT IS COMMON 2902 02:03:15,640 --> 02:03:17,640 WE DON'T KNOW ABOUT CLINICAL 2903 02:03:17,640 --> 02:03:19,840 PHENOTYPE BUT WE KNOW WOMEN WHO 2904 02:03:19,840 --> 02:03:21,320 CARRY THIS MUTATION SHOW HIGHER 2905 02:03:21,320 --> 02:03:23,320 RATES OF DEPRESSION ANXIETY, 2906 02:03:23,320 --> 02:03:25,520 THEY START TO SHOW EXECUTIVE 2907 02:03:25,520 --> 02:03:26,760 DYSFUNCTION BEGINNING MID LIFE 2908 02:03:26,760 --> 02:03:29,000 AND APPEARS TO WORSEN WITH AGE. 2909 02:03:29,000 --> 02:03:30,920 THERE IS ALSO EVIDENCE THAT THE 2910 02:03:30,920 --> 02:03:32,920 PREMUTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH 2911 02:03:32,920 --> 02:03:35,000 SPECIFIC AGE RELATED CONDITIONS 2912 02:03:35,000 --> 02:03:39,920 SO THERE'S FACTS CHARACTERIZED 2913 02:03:39,920 --> 02:03:43,240 BY PREMATURE MENOPAUSE AND FXTAS 2914 02:03:43,240 --> 02:03:44,800 WHICH IS NEURODEGENERATIVE 2915 02:03:44,800 --> 02:03:45,960 DISEASE SO WE HAVE CONVERGING 2916 02:03:45,960 --> 02:03:48,680 LINES OF RESEARCH TO SUGGEST FMR 2917 02:03:48,680 --> 02:03:49,720 PERMUTATION MAYBE A CONDITION 2918 02:03:49,720 --> 02:03:52,400 ASSOCIATED WITH PREMATURE AGING 2919 02:03:52,400 --> 02:03:54,920 OR AGE RELATED DECLINE. Z BUT 2920 02:03:54,920 --> 02:03:56,160 THERE'S FEW STUDIES OF OLDER 2921 02:03:56,160 --> 02:03:59,160 WOMEN WITH A PREMUTATION, PRIAL 2922 02:03:59,160 --> 02:04:00,520 MARELY BECAUSE THE SAMPLE IS 2923 02:04:00,520 --> 02:04:02,760 RECRUIT -- PRIMARILY BECAUSE 2924 02:04:02,760 --> 02:04:04,320 SAMPLE IS E RECRUITED IN 2925 02:04:04,320 --> 02:04:08,040 CHILDREN WITH MOTHERS WITH 2926 02:04:08,040 --> 02:04:09,520 FRAGILE X SYNDROME. THAT IS 2927 02:04:09,520 --> 02:04:11,120 WHERE MY SUPPLEMENT COMES IN, SO 2928 02:04:11,120 --> 02:04:13,400 THE PARENT STUDY WAS A STUDY OF 2929 02:04:13,400 --> 02:04:14,760 ORAL AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE SKILLS 2930 02:04:14,760 --> 02:04:16,720 TO DEFINE PHENOTYPE AND 2931 02:04:16,720 --> 02:04:18,800 PREMUTATION CARRIER WOMEN AND WE 2932 02:04:18,800 --> 02:04:20,280 SPECIFICALLY FOCUS ON YOUNGER 2933 02:04:20,280 --> 02:04:21,960 WOMEN TO AVOID AGE EFFECTS. SO 2934 02:04:21,960 --> 02:04:24,440 FOR THE ADRD SUPPLEMENT WE 2935 02:04:24,440 --> 02:04:26,800 RECRUITED AN OLDER COHORT TO 2936 02:04:26,800 --> 02:04:29,080 LOOK AT CHANGES ACROSS AGE, 2937 02:04:29,080 --> 02:04:31,640 GOING UP TO 75 YEARS. SO OUR 2938 02:04:31,640 --> 02:04:33,080 GOALS WERE TO LOOK AT AGE 2939 02:04:33,080 --> 02:04:34,960 RELATED CHANGES IN COGNITIVE 2940 02:04:34,960 --> 02:04:36,560 LINGUISTIC SKILLS AND LOOK AT 2941 02:04:36,560 --> 02:04:42,480 ASSOCIATIONS WITH THAT FMR FMR1 AND 2942 02:04:42,480 --> 02:04:44,440 CGG REPEAT SEQUENCE. SO WE ARE 2943 02:04:44,440 --> 02:04:46,320 STILL ANALYZING THE DATA, TRY TO 2944 02:04:46,320 --> 02:04:49,240 KEEP WITHIN THE TIME LIMIT SO I 2945 02:04:49,240 --> 02:04:51,200 POOLED ONE GRAPH, I THINK WE 2946 02:04:51,200 --> 02:04:52,760 HAVE A LOT OF EXCITING FINDINGS 2947 02:04:52,760 --> 02:04:54,000 BUT THIS IS SHOWING AN EXAMPLE 2948 02:04:54,000 --> 02:04:59,320 SO THIS IS A REPETITION SUBTEST. 2949 02:04:59,320 --> 02:05:00,360 THAT DIFFERENTIATES IN OTHER 2950 02:05:00,360 --> 02:05:02,200 STUDIES PEOPLE WHO ARE AT RISK 2951 02:05:02,200 --> 02:05:03,560 FOR MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT 2952 02:05:03,560 --> 02:05:04,920 FROM THOSE WITH HEALTHY AGING 2953 02:05:04,920 --> 02:05:06,360 AND YOU CAN SEE HERE WE ARE 2954 02:05:06,360 --> 02:05:09,520 STARTING TO SEE PATTERNS OF CGG 2955 02:05:09,520 --> 02:05:12,400 REPEAT DEPENDENT VULNERABILITY 2956 02:05:12,400 --> 02:05:14,440 FOR AGE RELATED RISK. SO HERE IN 2957 02:05:14,440 --> 02:05:17,280 THE RED THOSE ARE WOMEN WITH 2958 02:05:17,280 --> 02:05:18,520 PREMUTATION WHO HAVE MID RANGE 2959 02:05:18,520 --> 02:05:21,280 CGG REPEAT SIZE. AND THERE IS A 2960 02:05:21,280 --> 02:05:22,880 GREATER ASSOCIATION WITH DECLINE 2961 02:05:22,880 --> 02:05:24,720 ACROSS AGE COMPARED TO WOMEN 2962 02:05:24,720 --> 02:05:27,280 WITH PREMUTATION WHO HAVE LOW OR 2963 02:05:27,280 --> 02:05:28,640 HIGH CGG REPIECE AND HEALTHY 2964 02:05:28,640 --> 02:05:30,640 CONTROLS. THIS IS CONSISTENT 2965 02:05:30,640 --> 02:05:32,280 WITH SOME OTHER RESEARCH SHOWING 2966 02:05:32,280 --> 02:05:34,680 THAT THAT MID RANGE CGG REPEAT 2967 02:05:34,680 --> 02:05:36,560 SIZE MAYBE ASSOCIATED WITH 2968 02:05:36,560 --> 02:05:39,920 INCREASE VULNERABILITY FOR AGE 2969 02:05:39,920 --> 02:05:42,320 RELATED DISEASE. CROSS SECTIONAL 2970 02:05:42,320 --> 02:05:45,360 DATA, SO WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS 2971 02:05:45,360 --> 02:05:48,760 FOLLOW-UP ON THIS WITH SOME 2972 02:05:48,760 --> 02:05:50,520 LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF THE 2973 02:05:50,520 --> 02:05:51,920 PREMUTATION AND WE HOPE TO BE 2974 02:05:51,920 --> 02:05:55,000 DOING THAT, WE HAVE AN RO1 FROM 2975 02:05:55,000 --> 02:05:56,400 NIA PENDING WHERE WE WOULD BE 2976 02:05:56,400 --> 02:05:59,720 DOING THAT. SO WE ARE THANKFUL 2977 02:05:59,720 --> 02:06:01,320 FOR THIS SUPPLEMENT THAT ALLOWS 2978 02:06:01,320 --> 02:06:11,760 US TO GET THIS PRELIMINARY DATA. 2979 02:06:11,760 --> 02:06:14,840 >> THANK YOU. YOU HAVE ONE 2980 02:06:14,840 --> 02:06:17,920 MINUTE FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS. 2981 02:06:17,920 --> 02:06:18,680 SEE WHERE WE ARE. 2982 02:06:18,680 --> 02:06:22,280 >> THERE IS ONE IN THE CHAT THAT 2983 02:06:22,280 --> 02:06:25,080 SAYS DO YOU -- EXHIBIT AUDITORY 2984 02:06:25,080 --> 02:06:25,480 HYPERSENSITIVITY? 2985 02:06:25,480 --> 02:06:28,760 THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. AS AS 2986 02:06:28,760 --> 02:06:31,120 FAR AS I KNOW THERE'S NOT ANY 2987 02:06:31,120 --> 02:06:33,600 STUDIES ON THAT. BUT IN FRAGILE 2988 02:06:33,600 --> 02:06:35,960 X WE DEFINITELY SEE THAT SO 2989 02:06:35,960 --> 02:06:37,000 THERE IS REASON TO BELIEVE WE 2990 02:06:37,000 --> 02:06:38,320 SEE ANYTIME PREMUTATION CARRIERS 2991 02:06:38,320 --> 02:06:39,680 AS WELL BUT IT IS JUST A 2992 02:06:39,680 --> 02:06:41,120 POPULATION THAT HASN'T BEEN 2993 02:06:41,120 --> 02:06:43,760 STUDIED EXTENSIVELY SO THERE'S A 2994 02:06:43,760 --> 02:06:46,120 LOT OF RESEARCH DIRECTIONS THAT 2995 02:06:46,120 --> 02:06:47,920 WOULD BE GOOD TO GO IN. 2996 02:06:47,920 --> 02:06:51,440 >> COOL. THANK YOU. I THINK WE 2997 02:06:51,440 --> 02:06:53,520 ARE COMING TO OUR BREAK TIME, IT 2998 02:06:53,520 --> 02:06:57,240 IS 3:18, WE ARE SUPPOSED TO 2999 02:06:57,240 --> 02:07:01,560 BREAK AT 3:15. SO DO LOOK IN THE 3000 02:07:01,560 --> 02:07:02,720 CHAT, IF YOU WANT TO ANSWER 3001 02:07:02,720 --> 02:07:04,000 DURING THE CHAT OR LEAVE UNTIL 3002 02:07:04,000 --> 02:07:05,120 WE COME TO DISCUSSION AS YOU 3003 02:07:05,120 --> 02:07:08,440 WISH. LET'S GO ON BREAK FOR NOW. 3004 02:07:08,440 --> 02:07:18,400 TEN MINUTES. WE ARE SUPPOSED TO 3005 02:07:18,400 --> 02:07:30,440 START AT 3:25 EASTERN TIME. 3006 02:07:30,440 --> 02:07:31,920 WELCOME BACK, EVERYONE FOR THE 3007 02:07:31,920 --> 02:07:35,560 SECOND HALF ON THE SESSION ON 3008 02:07:35,560 --> 02:07:39,320 HUMAN RESEARCH. OUR FIRST 3009 02:07:39,320 --> 02:07:43,880 SPEAKER IS DR. BRYAN PFINGST, 3010 02:07:43,880 --> 02:07:45,320 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. PLEASE 3011 02:07:45,320 --> 02:07:45,960 PROCEED. 3012 02:07:45,960 --> 02:07:48,320 >> THANK YOU, SO THE APPARENT 3013 02:07:48,320 --> 02:07:52,360 RO1 THIS WORK IS BASED ON IS 3014 02:07:52,360 --> 02:07:53,720 CONCERNED WITH COCHLEAR 3015 02:07:53,720 --> 02:07:54,520 IMPLANTS, SPECIFICALLY WE ARE 3016 02:07:54,520 --> 02:07:57,000 LOOKING AT WAYS TO IMPROVE 3017 02:07:57,000 --> 02:07:58,960 HEARING WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS. 3018 02:07:58,960 --> 02:08:04,560 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. SO FOR THE 3019 02:08:04,560 --> 02:08:07,160 SUPPLEMENT WHAT WE HAVE DONE IS 3020 02:08:07,160 --> 02:08:08,920 TO -- SET OUT TO DO IS LOOK AT 3021 02:08:08,920 --> 02:08:12,440 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 3022 02:08:12,440 --> 02:08:14,120 HEARING ABILITY, QUALITY OF 3023 02:08:14,120 --> 02:08:15,720 HEARING AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION 3024 02:08:15,720 --> 02:08:20,440 IN OLDER ADULTS. NEXT SLIDE WILL 3025 02:08:20,440 --> 02:08:21,840 SHOW WE HAVE THREE GROUPS WE 3026 02:08:21,840 --> 02:08:25,280 STUDIED TO DO THIS. WE HAVE A 3027 02:08:25,280 --> 02:08:27,160 GROUP OF EXPERIENCED COCHLEAR 3028 02:08:27,160 --> 02:08:30,720 IMPLANT USERS, WE HAVE A GROUP 3029 02:08:30,720 --> 02:08:33,480 OF IMPLANT CANDIDATES, WHO ARE 3030 02:08:33,480 --> 02:08:35,320 WEARING HEARING AIDS NOT DOING 3031 02:08:35,320 --> 02:08:38,200 WELL ENOUGH WITH THEM TO BE 3032 02:08:38,200 --> 02:08:40,640 HAPPY. AND WE HAVE A NORMAL 3033 02:08:40,640 --> 02:08:43,320 HEARING GROUP THESE ARE ALL AGE 3034 02:08:43,320 --> 02:08:48,520 MATCHED AND NORMS ARE BASED ON 3035 02:08:48,520 --> 02:08:51,000 AGE. SO WE HAD TWO AUDIO LOGIC 3036 02:08:51,000 --> 02:08:54,120 TEST BATTERIES THAT WE USE FOR 3037 02:08:54,120 --> 02:08:55,320 THESE SUBJECTS, MAIN ONELY TALK 3038 02:08:55,320 --> 02:09:00,240 ABOUT TODAY IS SPEECH IN NOISE 3039 02:09:00,240 --> 02:09:04,960 TEST TRACKING TO DETERMINE 50% 3040 02:09:04,960 --> 02:09:07,120 CORRECT FOR SIGNAL TO NOISE 3041 02:09:07,120 --> 02:09:09,360 RATIO. THEN WE HAVE A 3042 02:09:09,360 --> 02:09:10,720 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL TEST WE 3043 02:09:10,720 --> 02:09:13,040 JUST USED WITH THE COCHLEAR 3044 02:09:13,040 --> 02:09:14,640 IMPLANT SUBJECTS TO ESTIMATE 3045 02:09:14,640 --> 02:09:16,160 NERVE SURVIVAL WHICH IS RELATED 3046 02:09:16,160 --> 02:09:22,320 TO HEARING ABILITY. WE WILL SAY 3047 02:09:22,320 --> 02:09:24,240 MORE ABOUT THAT TODAY. 3048 02:09:24,240 --> 02:09:26,120 COGNITIVE TEST BATTERIES INCLUDE 3049 02:09:26,120 --> 02:09:27,680 ADAPTED NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION 3050 02:09:27,680 --> 02:09:32,760 BATTERY. THAT IS OUR RATHER 3051 02:09:32,760 --> 02:09:36,520 INTERESTING BECAUSE (INAUDIBLE) 3052 02:09:36,520 --> 02:09:38,920 DEVELOPED THIS, IT TAKES UP A 3053 02:09:38,920 --> 02:09:43,200 LOT OF THE AUDITORY AND VERBAL 3054 02:09:43,200 --> 02:09:45,680 INSTRUCTIONS AND REPLACE PLACES 3055 02:09:45,680 --> 02:09:46,960 WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS SO IT 3056 02:09:46,960 --> 02:09:48,120 IS SUITABLE FOR PEOPLE WITH 3057 02:09:48,120 --> 02:09:52,440 HEARING LOSS. THEN WE USE A 3058 02:09:52,440 --> 02:09:54,720 REGULAR UDS NEUROLOGICAL TEST 3059 02:09:54,720 --> 02:09:57,720 BATTERY THAT WASN'T ADAPTED. 3060 02:09:57,720 --> 02:10:00,440 NEXT SLIDE. SO THESE ARE THE 3061 02:10:00,440 --> 02:10:03,320 RESULT THE SPEECH AND NOISE 3062 02:10:03,320 --> 02:10:04,720 TESTS. YOU CAN SEE WE GOT NICE 3063 02:10:04,720 --> 02:10:07,160 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE THREE 3064 02:10:07,160 --> 02:10:10,520 GROUPS. THE BEST HEARING IS 3065 02:10:10,520 --> 02:10:11,560 NORMAL HEARING SUBJECTS AS YOU 3066 02:10:11,560 --> 02:10:15,720 MIGHT EXPECT. THOSE ARE SHOWN IN 3067 02:10:15,720 --> 02:10:19,360 GREEN. LOWER RIGHT. ON THE LEFT 3068 02:10:19,360 --> 02:10:21,200 ARE THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT 3069 02:10:21,200 --> 02:10:22,720 SUBJECTS IN DARK BLUE NEXT BEST 3070 02:10:22,720 --> 02:10:27,920 AND THEN THE POOREST HEARING ON 3071 02:10:27,920 --> 02:10:31,040 AVERAGE WAS IN THE HEARING AID 3072 02:10:31,040 --> 02:10:35,880 GROUP. AS YOU CAN SEE, NICE 3073 02:10:35,880 --> 02:10:37,360 RANGE OF PERFORMANCE IN BOTH 3074 02:10:37,360 --> 02:10:38,720 COCHLEAR IMPLANT AND HEARING 3075 02:10:38,720 --> 02:10:43,200 GROUP WHICH IS WHAT WE NEED FOR 3076 02:10:43,200 --> 02:10:48,280 OUR STUDY. NEXT PLEASE. WE WILL 3077 02:10:48,280 --> 02:10:52,160 SKIP THIS SLIDE AND NEXT SLIDE. 3078 02:10:52,160 --> 02:10:56,240 AND GO TO THE SUMMARY FOR THE 3079 02:10:56,240 --> 02:10:57,720 COGNITIVE TEST RESULTS. 3080 02:10:57,720 --> 02:11:00,920 BASICALLY WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT 3081 02:11:00,920 --> 02:11:05,400 THERE ARE DIFFERENCES, BETWEEN 3082 02:11:05,400 --> 02:11:06,600 NORMAL HEARING GROUP AND TWO 3083 02:11:06,600 --> 02:11:07,960 GROUPS WITH HEARING LOSS ON 3084 02:11:07,960 --> 02:11:09,600 SEVERAL COGNITIVE TESTS BUT 3085 02:11:09,600 --> 02:11:14,000 TYPICALLY WE DON'T SEE 3086 02:11:14,000 --> 02:11:14,600 DIFFERENCE OR HAVEN'T SO FAR. 3087 02:11:14,600 --> 02:11:16,520 THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS 3088 02:11:16,520 --> 02:11:18,280 BETWEEN THAT AND THE HEARING AID 3089 02:11:18,280 --> 02:11:21,800 AND THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT GROUP 3090 02:11:21,800 --> 02:11:22,840 EXCEPT GERIATRIC DEPRESSION 3091 02:11:22,840 --> 02:11:25,920 SCALE, FOR THAT SCALE THE 3092 02:11:25,920 --> 02:11:29,960 HEARING AID GROUP SHOWED MORE 3093 02:11:29,960 --> 02:11:31,120 DEPRESSION THAN THE COCHLEAR 3094 02:11:31,120 --> 02:11:33,240 IMPLANT GROUP. SO THAT WILL BE 3095 02:11:33,240 --> 02:11:36,200 INTERESTED TO FOLLOW-UPMEN FOLLOW-UP. LAST 3096 02:11:36,200 --> 02:11:39,120 SLIDE I THINK. TALKS ABOUT 3097 02:11:39,120 --> 02:11:42,960 FUTURE DIRECTIONS. WE NEED TO 3098 02:11:42,960 --> 02:11:44,520 COMPLETE THE STUDY, I EMPHASIZE 3099 02:11:44,520 --> 02:11:48,960 WE ARE CHECKING AND ANALYZING 3100 02:11:48,960 --> 02:11:51,440 DATA AND PART OF THAT IS TO 3101 02:11:51,440 --> 02:11:52,120 COMPLETE THE 3102 02:11:52,120 --> 02:11:53,000 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PART. FOR 3103 02:11:53,000 --> 02:11:54,280 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IT WILL BE 3104 02:11:54,280 --> 02:11:56,240 INTERESTING TO MONITOR THE 3105 02:11:56,240 --> 02:11:58,120 CHANGES IN COGNITION OVER TIME 3106 02:11:58,120 --> 02:12:01,800 IF THEY OCCUR IN THAT PRE 3107 02:12:01,800 --> 02:12:06,000 IMPLANT GROUP, ALL IMPLANTED 3108 02:12:06,000 --> 02:12:08,480 SOON. THEN WE KNOW NOW WE NEED 3109 02:12:08,480 --> 02:12:12,480 MORE ADAPTATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS 3110 02:12:12,480 --> 02:12:20,280 WITH HEARING LOSS. I WILL TAKE 3111 02:12:20,280 --> 02:12:21,080 30 SECOND WORTH OF QUESTIONS. 3112 02:12:21,080 --> 02:12:22,520 >> IS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP 3113 02:12:22,520 --> 02:12:23,920 WEAN THESE FINDINGS AND THE 3114 02:12:23,920 --> 02:12:25,080 LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN HEARING 3115 02:12:25,080 --> 02:12:28,120 LOSS ONSET AND TREATMENT? ONE 3116 02:12:28,120 --> 02:12:30,080 MIGHT EXPECT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 3117 02:12:30,080 --> 02:12:31,160 PEOPLE TREATED IMMEDIATELY FOR 3118 02:12:31,160 --> 02:12:33,920 THEIR HEARING LOSS VERSUS PEOPLE 3119 02:12:33,920 --> 02:12:34,520 WHO WENT WITHOUT TREATMENT FOR 3120 02:12:34,520 --> 02:12:36,400 SOME TIME. 3121 02:12:36,400 --> 02:12:38,480 >> THAT IS AN INTERESTING 3122 02:12:38,480 --> 02:12:40,920 QUESTION AND ONE WE ARE TRYING 3123 02:12:40,920 --> 02:12:44,120 TO DEAL WITH BUT IT IS VERY 3124 02:12:44,120 --> 02:12:47,680 DIFFICULT TO FIGURE OUT EXACTLY 3125 02:12:47,680 --> 02:12:53,320 WHEN HEARING LOSS OCCURS. WE ARE 3126 02:12:53,320 --> 02:12:57,240 STILL LOOKING AT THAT. 3127 02:12:57,240 --> 02:13:00,320 >> ALL RIGHT. 3128 02:13:00,320 --> 02:13:02,320 I'M LOOKING FOR THE TIMER. I AM 3129 02:13:02,320 --> 02:13:06,280 HAVING TROUBLE FINDING IT. 3130 02:13:06,280 --> 02:13:07,720 >> TIME IS UP. 3131 02:13:07,720 --> 02:13:10,000 >> OKAY. SO LET'S GET READY FOR 3132 02:13:10,000 --> 02:13:13,720 OUR NEXT SPEAKER, THANK YOU, DR. 3133 02:13:13,720 --> 02:13:17,720 PFINGST. WHO -- LANA I WILL 3134 02:13:17,720 --> 02:13:24,160 INTERRUPT QUICKLY, IF FELICE 3135 02:13:24,160 --> 02:13:25,360 LOOK AT THAT QUESTION IN THE 3136 02:13:25,360 --> 02:13:27,320 CHAT AND TRY TO ADDRESS THAT, 3137 02:13:27,320 --> 02:13:28,520 THAT WOULD BE GREAT. THANKS, 3138 02:13:28,520 --> 02:13:28,840 LANA. 3139 02:13:28,840 --> 02:13:32,720 >> READY FOR THE NEXT SPEAKER, 3140 02:13:32,720 --> 02:13:35,880 DR. POORNA KUSHALNAGAR, 3141 02:13:35,880 --> 02:13:37,040 GALLAUDET UNIVERSITY. TAKE IT 3142 02:13:37,040 --> 02:13:37,840 AWAY. 3143 02:13:37,840 --> 02:13:42,520 >> HI, EVERYBODY. I'M POORNA 3144 02:13:42,520 --> 02:13:43,440 KUSHALNAGAR, PLEASURE TO BE WITH 3145 02:13:43,440 --> 02:13:47,080 YOU ARE, I WORK FOR CENTER FOR 3146 02:13:47,080 --> 02:13:48,320 DEATH HEALTH EQUITY AT GALLAUDET 3147 02:13:48,320 --> 02:13:50,080 UNIVERSITY. THANK YOU FOR THE 3148 02:13:50,080 --> 02:13:52,920 FUNDING IN ORDER TO FOCUS ON 3149 02:13:52,920 --> 02:13:57,320 THIS GRANT AWARD FROM NCDIC AND 3150 02:13:57,320 --> 02:13:58,240 ALSO THANK YOU TO PEOPLE WHO 3151 02:13:58,240 --> 02:14:03,440 HAVE BEEN INFORM MALI CARETAKING 3152 02:14:03,440 --> 02:14:04,320 ROLES WITNESS THEIR INDIVIDUAL 3153 02:14:04,320 --> 02:14:06,480 FAMILY MEMBER WHOSE ARE DEAF AND 3154 02:14:06,480 --> 02:14:07,480 EXPERIENCING ALZHEIMER'S AND 3155 02:14:07,480 --> 02:14:14,080 DEMENTIA. I WOULD LIKE THE 3156 02:14:14,080 --> 02:14:15,640 MENTION THIS PHENOMENAL TEAM, 3157 02:14:15,640 --> 02:14:16,920 ALL THESE INDIVIDUALS ARE DEAF 3158 02:14:16,920 --> 02:14:18,440 AND/OR HARD OF HEARING AND SIGN 3159 02:14:18,440 --> 02:14:20,440 LANGUAGE USERS. EACH MEMBER ON 3160 02:14:20,440 --> 02:14:22,280 THE TEAM HAS A CONNECTION WITH A 3161 02:14:22,280 --> 02:14:23,920 LOVED ONE THAT HAS DEMENTIA IN 3162 02:14:23,920 --> 02:14:26,480 THEIR FAMILY, A FRIEND AND/OR 3163 02:14:26,480 --> 02:14:28,120 WORKING WITH A POPULATION 3164 02:14:28,120 --> 02:14:29,960 CURRENTLY OF ADRD FOLKS. THEY 3165 02:14:29,960 --> 02:14:31,320 HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH US TO DO 3166 02:14:31,320 --> 02:14:35,160 THE DATA COLLECTIONS, THE 3167 02:14:35,160 --> 02:14:37,120 RESOURCING, NETWORKING, REACHING 3168 02:14:37,120 --> 02:14:38,880 OUT TO INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE THE 3169 02:14:38,880 --> 02:14:41,120 -- WHAT WE ARE REFERRING TO AS 3170 02:14:41,120 --> 02:14:43,200 INFORMAL CAREGIVERS OF ADRD 3171 02:14:43,200 --> 02:14:50,360 FOLKS. NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. WE 3172 02:14:50,360 --> 02:14:53,840 HAVE GATHERED DATA QUANTITATIVE 3173 02:14:53,840 --> 02:14:54,720 AND QUALITATIVE DATA AND I WOULD 3174 02:14:54,720 --> 02:14:56,680 LIKE TO FOCUS ON THE QUALITATIVE 3175 02:14:56,680 --> 02:14:58,760 PORTION FOR OUR STUDY TODAY. WE 3176 02:14:58,760 --> 02:15:01,720 INTERVIEWED A TOTAL OF 22 DEAF 3177 02:15:01,720 --> 02:15:05,040 HARD OF HEARING ADULTS, WHO ARE 3178 02:15:05,040 --> 02:15:07,120 CAREGIVERS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH 3179 02:15:07,120 --> 02:15:10,120 ADRD AND THEY WERE ALL OVER THE 3180 02:15:10,120 --> 02:15:11,720 U.S., PUERTO RICO, HAWAII 3181 02:15:11,720 --> 02:15:13,560 ISLANDS AND SO FORTH. SEVERAL 3182 02:15:13,560 --> 02:15:15,240 RECURRENT ISSUES ACROSS THE 3183 02:15:15,240 --> 02:15:16,720 GROUP INCLUDED MANY OF 3184 02:15:16,720 --> 02:15:18,720 EXPERIENCED DIFFICULTIES WITH 3185 02:15:18,720 --> 02:15:20,120 ACCESSIBILITY AND INFORMATION 3186 02:15:20,120 --> 02:15:21,280 SPECIFIC TO ALZHEIMER'S RELATED 3187 02:15:21,280 --> 02:15:23,920 DEMENTIA. THE INFORMATION WAS 3188 02:15:23,920 --> 02:15:25,760 AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH 3189 02:15:25,760 --> 02:15:28,240 BUT NOT IN ANY SIGNED LANGUAGE, 3190 02:15:28,240 --> 02:15:29,400 THEY HAD DIFFICULTY ACCESSING 3191 02:15:29,400 --> 02:15:32,120 THE SUPPORT GROUPS AND OTHER 3192 02:15:32,120 --> 02:15:33,320 RESOURCES SPECIFICALLY FOR 3193 02:15:33,320 --> 02:15:36,000 CAREGIVERS. BECAUSE THEY WOULD 3194 02:15:36,000 --> 02:15:37,720 -- INFORMATION IS NOT 3195 02:15:37,720 --> 02:15:40,000 ACCESSIBLE, INTERPRETERS WERE 3196 02:15:40,000 --> 02:15:42,360 REQUESTED AN ONCE ENTERLET 3197 02:15:42,360 --> 02:15:42,960 PRETTIERS REQUESTED THEY 3198 02:15:42,960 --> 02:15:45,920 COULDN'T -- INTERPRET SERS 3199 02:15:45,920 --> 02:15:48,160 REQUESTED THEY COULDN'T FIND 3200 02:15:48,160 --> 02:15:49,520 SOMEONE QUALIFIED WITH ADRD 3201 02:15:49,520 --> 02:15:51,520 GROUPS. THEY ALSO STRUGGLED 3202 02:15:51,520 --> 02:15:53,520 FINDING FACILITIES FOR THEIR 3203 02:15:53,520 --> 02:15:55,160 LOVED ONES WHO WERE DEAF AND 3204 02:15:55,160 --> 02:15:56,440 UTILIZING AMERICAN SIGN 3205 02:15:56,440 --> 02:15:58,680 LANGUAGE. THE FACILITIES MAY NOT 3206 02:15:58,680 --> 02:16:00,320 HAVE HAD STAFF INDIVIDUALS OR 3207 02:16:00,320 --> 02:16:01,200 TRAINED PROFESSIONAL WHOSE 3208 02:16:01,200 --> 02:16:02,120 UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS LIKE TO 3209 02:16:02,120 --> 02:16:03,640 WORK WITH A SPECIFIC POPULATION. 3210 02:16:03,640 --> 02:16:05,960 SO FAMILY MEMBERS OFTEN ENDED UP 3211 02:16:05,960 --> 02:16:08,320 BEING THE CARE TAKER OF THEIR 3212 02:16:08,320 --> 02:16:10,640 LOVED ONE IN THEIR RESPECTIVE 3213 02:16:10,640 --> 02:16:11,320 HOMES WHEN THEY SHOULD HAVE BEEN 3214 02:16:11,320 --> 02:16:12,840 IN MEMORY CARE FACILITIES. 3215 02:16:12,840 --> 02:16:14,120 THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT 3216 02:16:14,120 --> 02:16:15,280 OF AGREEMENT THE QUALITY OF LIFE 3217 02:16:15,280 --> 02:16:17,000 AT PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF LIFE 3218 02:16:17,000 --> 02:16:20,440 IS MUCH WORSE FOR PEOPLE WHO 3219 02:16:20,440 --> 02:16:22,160 CANNOT ACCESS RESOURCES IN THE 3220 02:16:22,160 --> 02:16:23,520 UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES SO 3221 02:16:23,520 --> 02:16:28,600 THAT LED TO SEVERAL OF US WHO 3222 02:16:28,600 --> 02:16:31,760 YAW SAW IN THE PHOTO BEFOREHAND 3223 02:16:31,760 --> 02:16:32,960 THAT FATHERED AND WROTE A PAPER 3224 02:16:32,960 --> 02:16:33,920 TOGETHER TO IDENTIFY SEVERAL 3225 02:16:33,920 --> 02:16:41,360 CALLS TO ACTION. WE AGREE THERE 3226 02:16:41,360 --> 02:16:43,200 NEEDS TO BE INCREASED AWARENESS 3227 02:16:43,200 --> 02:16:47,320 OF ADRD IN SIGN LANGUAGE 3228 02:16:47,320 --> 02:16:48,040 SPECIFICALLY AND DELIVER 3229 02:16:48,040 --> 02:16:48,960 EVIDENCE BASED TRAINING IN SIGN 3230 02:16:48,960 --> 02:16:53,080 LANGUAGE TO THOSE CAREGIVERS OF 3231 02:16:53,080 --> 02:16:54,600 ADRD FOLKS FORMALLY AND 3232 02:16:54,600 --> 02:16:55,920 INFORMALLY. IN ADDITION TO 3233 02:16:55,920 --> 02:16:57,320 THAT, TO TRAIN HEALTHCARE 3234 02:16:57,320 --> 02:16:59,400 PROFESSIONALS, PRACTICERS AND 3235 02:16:59,400 --> 02:17:00,480 FACILITY ADMINISTRATORS AS TO 3236 02:17:00,480 --> 02:17:02,160 HOW TO WORK BEST WITH THIS 3237 02:17:02,160 --> 02:17:03,400 POPULATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHO 3238 02:17:03,400 --> 02:17:05,520 ARE DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING ASL 3239 02:17:05,520 --> 02:17:11,120 USERS. NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. THERE 3240 02:17:11,120 --> 02:17:12,080 ARE ALSO NEEDS TO BE SIGNIFICANT 3241 02:17:12,080 --> 02:17:14,760 AMOUNT OF O ADVOCACY FOR POLICY 3242 02:17:14,760 --> 02:17:16,440 INITIATIVES THAT REMEDY 3243 02:17:16,440 --> 02:17:17,920 SYSTEMATIC ISSUES AND 3244 02:17:17,920 --> 02:17:19,720 REIMBURSEMENT OF BARRIERS. OFTEN 3245 02:17:19,720 --> 02:17:21,320 DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING 3246 02:17:21,320 --> 02:17:22,600 CAREGIVERS CALL TO DOCTORS 3247 02:17:22,600 --> 02:17:24,120 APPOINTMENTS WITH LOVED ONES WHO 3248 02:17:24,120 --> 02:17:25,480 MAY BE HEARING BUT THE DEAF AND 3249 02:17:25,480 --> 02:17:27,320 HARD OF HEARING CAREGIVER NEEDS 3250 02:17:27,320 --> 02:17:31,080 TO HAVE ACCESS TO SIGN LANGUAGE 3251 02:17:31,080 --> 02:17:31,760 INTERPRETATION AND ARE OFTEN 3252 02:17:31,760 --> 02:17:33,640 ASKED TO PAY OUT OF POCKET 3253 02:17:33,640 --> 02:17:38,840 WITHOUT REIMBURSEMENT. -LY, 3254 02:17:38,840 --> 02:17:41,240 PROMOTE ONGOING RESEARCH AND 3255 02:17:41,240 --> 02:17:42,320 DISSEMINATION OF THAT ROLE OF 3256 02:17:42,320 --> 02:17:44,680 PAID DEMENTIA CARE WORKERS AND 3257 02:17:44,680 --> 02:17:49,200 FORMALLY AND INFORMALLY IMPACT 3258 02:17:49,200 --> 02:17:51,720 ON DEAF FOLKS WITH SHORT AND 3259 02:17:51,720 --> 02:17:53,720 LONG TERM ECONOMIC IMPACT TO ALL 3260 02:17:53,720 --> 02:17:55,920 THOSE IN THE COMMUNITIES. I'M 3261 02:17:55,920 --> 02:18:04,920 OPEN FOR QUESTIONS. 3262 02:18:04,920 --> 02:18:08,480 >> THANK YOU. LOOKING AT THE 3263 02:18:08,480 --> 02:18:15,480 CHAT. I DON'T -- SEE ANYTHING 3264 02:18:15,480 --> 02:18:16,920 RIGHT NOW BUT I WANT TO 3265 02:18:16,920 --> 02:18:17,960 ACKNOWLEDGE YOU BECAUSE YOU ARE 3266 02:18:17,960 --> 02:18:20,520 A UNIQUE PERSON IN THIS SPACE. 3267 02:18:20,520 --> 02:18:24,680 SO KUDOS TO YOU. NOT MANY 3268 02:18:24,680 --> 02:18:28,480 PEOPLE IN THIS SPACE. I SEE 3269 02:18:28,480 --> 02:18:32,360 SOMETHING IN THE CHAT. THAT WAS 3270 02:18:32,360 --> 02:18:36,080 ABOUT THE SCREEN PEOPLE CAN 3271 02:18:36,080 --> 02:18:37,200 ENLARGE BY MAXIMIZING THEIR 3272 02:18:37,200 --> 02:18:38,920 SCREEN FOR THE ASL. HERE IS A 3273 02:18:38,920 --> 02:18:41,640 QUESTION, ANY RELATIONSHIP -- IS 3274 02:18:41,640 --> 02:18:43,520 THAT THE OLD ONE? OLD ONE. 3275 02:18:43,520 --> 02:18:48,480 SORRY. MAYBE DURING DISCUSSION 3276 02:18:48,480 --> 02:18:50,120 WE WILL HEAR MORE ENGAGEMENT ON 3277 02:18:50,120 --> 02:18:53,920 THIS TOPIC. MOVING ON. OUR NEXT 3278 02:18:53,920 --> 02:18:56,480 -- THE NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. 3279 02:18:56,480 --> 02:18:58,520 CARRIE NIEMAN FROM JOHNS HOPKINS 3280 02:18:58,520 --> 02:18:58,840 UNIVERSITY. 3281 02:18:58,840 --> 02:19:01,280 >> GREAT. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3282 02:19:01,280 --> 02:19:03,720 SO MY NAME IS CARRIE NIEMAN, O 3283 02:19:03,720 --> 02:19:07,160 TOLL GIST AT JOHNS HOPKINS AND 3284 02:19:07,160 --> 02:19:09,040 CO-FACULTY AT JOHN HOPKINS 3285 02:19:09,040 --> 02:19:11,120 CENTER FOR HEARING AND PUBLIC 3286 02:19:11,120 --> 02:19:12,600 HEALTH WHERE I STUDY COMMUNITY 3287 02:19:12,600 --> 02:19:15,520 BASED APPROACHES FOR CARE IN 3288 02:19:15,520 --> 02:19:18,200 OLDER ADULTS. HEARING CARE OF 3289 02:19:18,200 --> 02:19:23,000 PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA TOUGHIE GO GO 3290 02:19:23,000 --> 02:19:25,120 IGNORED. WHILE WE LACK 3291 02:19:25,120 --> 02:19:26,600 NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE DATA 3292 02:19:26,600 --> 02:19:28,240 ON AUDIO METRIC HEARING LOSS FOR 3293 02:19:28,240 --> 02:19:29,920 PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA WE CAN LOOK 3294 02:19:29,920 --> 02:19:31,720 COMMUNITY BASED COHORT, 3295 02:19:31,720 --> 02:19:33,400 COMMUNITY BASED COHORT SUCH AS 3296 02:19:33,400 --> 02:19:34,400 ERIC STUDY, THERE ARE A NUMBER 3297 02:19:34,400 --> 02:19:36,240 OF OTHERS BUT WE SEE HERE WITHIN 3298 02:19:36,240 --> 02:19:38,520 THE ERIC STUDY AND REALLY ACROSS 3299 02:19:38,520 --> 02:19:39,840 OTHER STUDIES THAT THE 3300 02:19:39,840 --> 02:19:41,680 PREVALENCE OF HEARING LOSS AMONG 3301 02:19:41,680 --> 02:19:43,560 PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IS 3302 02:19:43,560 --> 02:19:44,920 PARTICULARLY HIGH. WHEN WE LOOK 3303 02:19:44,920 --> 02:19:48,080 IN ERIC STUDY OVER 80% OF 3304 02:19:48,080 --> 02:19:49,640 PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN 3305 02:19:49,640 --> 02:19:51,200 THIS COHORT HAVE A CLINICALLY 3306 02:19:51,200 --> 02:19:52,480 SIGNIFICANT HEARING LOSS. SO 3307 02:19:52,480 --> 02:19:54,760 THAT MAKES HEARING LOSS ONE OF 3308 02:19:54,760 --> 02:19:56,320 THE MOST COMMON CO-MORBIDITIES 3309 02:19:56,320 --> 02:19:59,720 THAT COMES ALONGSIDE DEMENTIA. 3310 02:19:59,720 --> 02:20:01,040 JUST AS WE THINK ABOUT HEARING 3311 02:20:01,040 --> 02:20:02,360 LOSS IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTHY 3312 02:20:02,360 --> 02:20:04,880 AGING FOR OLDER ADULTS IN 3313 02:20:04,880 --> 02:20:05,800 GENERAL WE NEED TO BE THINKING 3314 02:20:05,800 --> 02:20:07,200 ABOUT IN THE CONTEXT OF THOSE 3315 02:20:07,200 --> 02:20:09,400 WHO ARE AGING WITH DEMENTIA. AND 3316 02:20:09,400 --> 02:20:12,480 ONE THING IN PARTICULAR IS 3317 02:20:12,480 --> 02:20:14,040 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS. THEY 3318 02:20:14,040 --> 02:20:16,120 ARE ALMOST UNIVERSAL FOR THOSE 3319 02:20:16,120 --> 02:20:17,480 INDIVIDUALS WITH COGNITIVE 3320 02:20:17,480 --> 02:20:19,200 IMPAIRMENT AND THESE REPRESENT 3321 02:20:19,200 --> 02:20:20,920 THE NON-COGNITIVE ASPECT OF 3322 02:20:20,920 --> 02:20:23,400 DEMENTIA. THESE ARE THINGS LIKE 3323 02:20:23,400 --> 02:20:25,720 AGITATION, ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, 3324 02:20:25,720 --> 02:20:27,360 AND THEY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT 3325 02:20:27,360 --> 02:20:29,320 BURDEN ON THE INDIVIDUAL AS WELL 3326 02:20:29,320 --> 02:20:33,840 AS CARE PARTNERS AND SOCIETY. SO 3327 02:20:33,840 --> 02:20:36,160 WE FOUND THAT WORSE AUDIO METRIC 3328 02:20:36,160 --> 02:20:37,520 HEARING LOSS IS ASSOCIATED 3329 02:20:37,520 --> 02:20:39,520 INDEPENDENT WITH INCREASE NUMBER 3330 02:20:39,520 --> 02:20:41,280 AND SEVERITY OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC 3331 02:20:41,280 --> 02:20:43,640 SYMPTOMS AND THAT HEARING CARE 3332 02:20:43,640 --> 02:20:45,880 SPECIFICALLY USE OF HEARING AIDS 3333 02:20:45,880 --> 02:20:47,800 MAY BE PROTECTIVE WHEN IT COMES 3334 02:20:47,800 --> 02:20:51,960 TO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS. 3335 02:20:51,960 --> 02:20:54,440 BUT WE HAVE AN ISSUE IN THAT 3336 02:20:54,440 --> 02:20:55,400 SIGNIFICANT DISPARITIES EXIST 3337 02:20:55,400 --> 02:20:57,080 WHEN IT COMES TO HEARING AID USE 3338 02:20:57,080 --> 02:20:59,160 BY RACE AND ETHNICITY. AND AGAIN 3339 02:20:59,160 --> 02:21:00,360 WE DON'T HAVE NATIONALLY 3340 02:21:00,360 --> 02:21:01,640 REPRESENTATIVE DATA BUT WE CAN 3341 02:21:01,640 --> 02:21:04,160 LOOK AT THE ERIC COHORT. WHAT WE 3342 02:21:04,160 --> 02:21:05,400 SEE THERE ARE FOR INDIVIDUALS 3343 02:21:05,400 --> 02:21:06,720 WHO IDENTIFY AS AFRICAN 3344 02:21:06,720 --> 02:21:08,480 AMERICAN, WHO HAVE DEMENTIA AND 3345 02:21:08,480 --> 02:21:11,800 HEARING LOSS, JUST AROUND 7% USE 3346 02:21:11,800 --> 02:21:13,200 HEARING AIDS. THIS IS 3347 02:21:13,200 --> 02:21:14,320 PARTICULARLY TROUBLING WHEN WE 3348 02:21:14,320 --> 02:21:17,200 WITH ARE TALKING ABOUT DISEASE 3349 02:21:17,200 --> 02:21:18,600 PROCESS LIKE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 3350 02:21:18,600 --> 02:21:20,440 DEMENTIAS THAT HAVE 3351 02:21:20,440 --> 02:21:21,680 DISPROPORTIONATE AFFECT ON SOME 3352 02:21:21,680 --> 02:21:22,960 RACIAL ETHNIC MINORITY 3353 02:21:22,960 --> 02:21:24,120 COMMUNITIES, PARTICULARLY 3354 02:21:24,120 --> 02:21:28,280 AFRICAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS. 3355 02:21:28,280 --> 02:21:30,120 SO THIS BRINGS US TO OUR WORK 3356 02:21:30,120 --> 02:21:32,960 WITH HEARS. HEARS IS THE PARENT 3357 02:21:32,960 --> 02:21:35,280 GRANT. HEARS INTERVENTION IS 3358 02:21:35,280 --> 02:21:36,400 HEARING CARE INTERVENTION THAT 3359 02:21:36,400 --> 02:21:37,720 IS DESIGNED TO BE DELIVERED BY 3360 02:21:37,720 --> 02:21:39,120 COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS THAT 3361 02:21:39,120 --> 02:21:41,880 USES OVER THE COUNTER HEARING 3362 02:21:41,880 --> 02:21:43,400 TECHNOLOGY THAT IS ENTIRELY 3363 02:21:43,400 --> 02:21:44,400 DELIVERED BETWEEN IN A COMMUNITY 3364 02:21:44,400 --> 02:21:47,200 BASED SETTING. SO THE SUPPLEMENT 3365 02:21:47,200 --> 02:21:48,520 IS TO ADAPT THE HEARS 3366 02:21:48,520 --> 02:21:50,680 INTERVENTION TO BE SPECIFICALLY 3367 02:21:50,680 --> 02:21:54,280 DELIVERED FOR PERSONS LIVING 3368 02:21:54,280 --> 02:21:55,800 WITH DEMENTIA. SO THE ADAPTIVE 3369 02:21:55,800 --> 02:21:57,920 VERSION HAS KEY DIFFERENCES, THE 3370 02:21:57,920 --> 02:21:59,520 KEY DIFFERENCES ARE THAT THE 3371 02:21:59,520 --> 02:22:01,640 PROGRAM IS DELIVERED BY SPATHE 3372 02:22:01,640 --> 02:22:03,080 LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST OR SPEECH 3373 02:22:03,080 --> 02:22:04,440 LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY ASSISTANT. 3374 02:22:04,440 --> 02:22:07,120 AND WE DID THAT REALLY BECAUSE 3375 02:22:07,120 --> 02:22:09,880 SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS 3376 02:22:09,880 --> 02:22:10,920 PATHOLOGY ASSISTANCE ARE OFTEN 3377 02:22:10,920 --> 02:22:13,520 PRACTICING IN A HOME BASED 3378 02:22:13,520 --> 02:22:15,680 SETTING AND THERE ARE 3379 02:22:15,680 --> 02:22:16,280 POTENTIALLY REIMBURSABLE CODES 3380 02:22:16,280 --> 02:22:18,880 VIA MEDICARE AROUND ORAL 3381 02:22:18,880 --> 02:22:19,400 REHABILITATION THAT SPEECH 3382 02:22:19,400 --> 02:22:22,120 LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST CAN BILL 3383 02:22:22,120 --> 02:22:24,240 FOR. SO THE INTERVENTION LOOKS 3384 02:22:24,240 --> 02:22:25,520 LIKE -- SPEECH LANGUAGE 3385 02:22:25,520 --> 02:22:26,720 PATHOLOGIST DELIVERING THE HEARS 3386 02:22:26,720 --> 02:22:28,160 INTERVENTION ADAPTED VERSION TO 3387 02:22:28,160 --> 02:22:29,880 PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA AND 3388 02:22:29,880 --> 02:22:31,400 HEARING LOSS AND THEIR CARE 3389 02:22:31,400 --> 02:22:34,280 PARTNER ENTIRELY IN A HOME BASED 3390 02:22:34,280 --> 02:22:35,880 SETTING. INSTEAD OF OUTCOMES 3391 02:22:35,880 --> 02:22:37,200 LIKE COMMUNICATION FUNCTION WE 3392 02:22:37,200 --> 02:22:39,040 ARE LOOKING AT NEUROPSYCHIATRIC 3393 02:22:39,040 --> 02:22:40,400 SYMPTOMS AND CAREGIVER BURDEN. 3394 02:22:40,400 --> 02:22:42,960 SO THROUGH A SMALL RANDOMIZE 3395 02:22:42,960 --> 02:22:45,720 CONTROL PILOT WE ARE PILOTING 3396 02:22:45,720 --> 02:22:47,480 THIS ADAPTED VERSION OF HEARS IN 3397 02:22:47,480 --> 02:22:49,160 ORDER TO TEST FEASIBILITY AND 3398 02:22:49,160 --> 02:22:51,800 ACCEPTABILITY AND SEE IF THIS 3399 02:22:51,800 --> 02:22:52,400 POTENTIALLY REIMBURSABLE MODEL 3400 02:22:52,400 --> 02:22:54,640 OF CARE CAN START TO TRULY REACH 3401 02:22:54,640 --> 02:22:56,440 THOSE WHO HAVE GONE UNTREATED IN 3402 02:22:56,440 --> 02:22:59,280 TERMS OF THEIR HEARING CARE. 3403 02:22:59,280 --> 02:23:09,480 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3404 02:23:09,480 --> 02:23:18,000 >> LOVELY. THANK YOU. CHECKING 3405 02:23:18,000 --> 02:23:19,320 THE CHAT.NA DA FOR NOW BUT THANK 3406 02:23:19,320 --> 02:23:21,120 YOU VERY MUCH. OKAY. MOVING 3407 02:23:21,120 --> 02:23:23,320 AHEAD O THE NEXT SPEAKER, THAT 3408 02:23:23,320 --> 02:23:26,320 WILL DR. HELEN COHEN FROM BAYLOR 3409 02:23:26,320 --> 02:23:28,080 UNIVERSITY. PLEASE PROCEED. 3410 02:23:28,080 --> 02:23:30,520 >> ACTUALLY BAYLOR COLLEGE OF 3411 02:23:30,520 --> 02:23:33,200 MEDICINE, BAYLOR UNIVERSITY IS A 3412 02:23:33,200 --> 02:23:34,120 DIFFERENT INSTITUTION. THEY HAVE 3413 02:23:34,120 --> 02:23:36,040 A FOOTBALL TEAM, WE DON'T BUT WE 3414 02:23:36,040 --> 02:23:37,720 HAVE REALLY SMART PEOPLE. 3415 02:23:37,720 --> 02:23:41,040 >> MY APOLOGIES. SORRY. 3416 02:23:41,040 --> 02:23:44,240 >> COMMON ERROR HERE IN TEXAS. 3417 02:23:44,240 --> 02:23:45,480 MY COLLEAGUES AND I ARE GRATEFUL 3418 02:23:45,480 --> 02:23:47,800 TO NIDCD AND NIA FOR THE FUNDING 3419 02:23:47,800 --> 02:23:50,160 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH. FOR 3420 02:23:50,160 --> 02:23:51,920 SEVERAL YEARS I WAS I HAVE BEEN 3421 02:23:51,920 --> 02:23:53,600 DOING WORK ON SCREENING TESTING 3422 02:23:53,600 --> 02:23:56,080 PEOPLE FOR VESTIBULAR IMBALANCE 3423 02:23:56,080 --> 02:23:58,320 DISORDERS AND THIS IS A GREAT 3424 02:23:58,320 --> 02:23:59,480 OPPORTUNITY TO TEST POPULATIONS 3425 02:23:59,480 --> 02:24:03,800 TO LOOK AT THE ALZHEIMER'S 3426 02:24:03,800 --> 02:24:06,440 DISEASE GROUP. THE MAIN GOALS OF 3427 02:24:06,440 --> 02:24:09,560 THE STUDY WERE TO DETERMINE IF 3428 02:24:09,560 --> 02:24:11,000 PREVALENCE OF VESTIBULAR 3429 02:24:11,000 --> 02:24:13,160 IMPAIRMENTS IN THE ALZHEIMER'S 3430 02:24:13,160 --> 02:24:14,560 POPULATION DIFFERED 3431 02:24:14,560 --> 02:24:15,160 SIGNIFICANTLY WITH HEALTHY 3432 02:24:15,160 --> 02:24:18,040 PEOPLE THE SAME AGE AND 4 3433 02:24:18,040 --> 02:24:19,960 DETERMINE IF VOLUME OF 3434 02:24:19,960 --> 02:24:22,400 HIPPOCAMPUS IN ALZHEIMER'S 3435 02:24:22,400 --> 02:24:24,200 PATIENTS WHO HAVE VESTIBULAR 3436 02:24:24,200 --> 02:24:27,400 IMPAIRMENT IS SIGNIFICANTLY 3437 02:24:27,400 --> 02:24:30,360 REDUCED. 3438 02:24:30,360 --> 02:24:35,040 WE HOPED TO TEST 60 SUBJECTS, 3439 02:24:35,040 --> 02:24:35,960 UNFORTUNATELY DUE TO PANDEMIC WE 3440 02:24:35,960 --> 02:24:39,520 ONLY TESTED 26, 16 HAD 3441 02:24:39,520 --> 02:24:41,400 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, 10 HAD 3442 02:24:41,400 --> 02:24:42,440 PRECURSOR CONDITION MILD 3443 02:24:42,440 --> 02:24:44,920 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. TO BE 3444 02:24:44,920 --> 02:24:47,040 DIAGNOSED AT OUR INSTITUTION, 3445 02:24:47,040 --> 02:24:49,040 PEOPLE HAVE TO COME IN WITH AN 3446 02:24:49,040 --> 02:24:52,440 MRI. SO WE ARE ABLE TO DO MRI 3447 02:24:52,440 --> 02:24:55,360 ANALYSES ON 11 OF THOSE PEOPLE, 3448 02:24:55,360 --> 02:24:56,920 THE QUALITY OF THE OTHERS WAS 3449 02:24:56,920 --> 02:24:58,000 NOT VERY GOOD BECAUSE THEY 3450 02:24:58,000 --> 02:25:00,280 WEREN'T ALL DONE AT BAYLOR. SOME 3451 02:25:00,280 --> 02:25:02,920 OF THEM WERE DONE IN COMMUNITY 3452 02:25:02,920 --> 02:25:05,720 CLINICS OR COMMUNITY TESTING 3453 02:25:05,720 --> 02:25:07,320 SITES. SOME WERE TOO OLD. WE 3454 02:25:07,320 --> 02:25:10,720 WERE ABLE TO COMPARE 22 SUBJECTS 3455 02:25:10,720 --> 02:25:14,160 WHO WERE AGE 70 OR OLDER TO 62 3456 02:25:14,160 --> 02:25:17,600 PEOPLE IN HEALTHY DATABASE THAT 3457 02:25:17,600 --> 02:25:21,240 WE ALREADY HAD. SUBJECTS WERE 3458 02:25:21,240 --> 02:25:24,400 TESTED ON STANDARD BATTERY OF 3459 02:25:24,400 --> 02:25:27,160 VESTIBULAR DIAGNOSTIC TEST 3460 02:25:27,160 --> 02:25:28,520 INCLUDING CERVICAL MYOGENIC 3461 02:25:28,520 --> 02:25:30,760 POTENTIALS WHICH IS TEST OF SACK 3462 02:25:30,760 --> 02:25:32,080 LAR FUNCTION, THAT IS ONE OF OUR 3463 02:25:32,080 --> 02:25:33,920 RESIDENTS DEMONSTRATING IT LOWER 3464 02:25:33,920 --> 02:25:37,440 LEFT. ONE OF THE GOLDEN OLDIES 3465 02:25:37,440 --> 02:25:42,920 YOU PROBABLY HER OF BITHERMAL 3466 02:25:42,920 --> 02:25:44,040 TESTING, DEX HALL PIKE MANEUVER 3467 02:25:44,040 --> 02:25:49,200 IS THE OTHER FOR TESTING 3468 02:25:49,200 --> 02:25:51,720 POSTERIOR SEMICIRCULAR CANAL AND 3469 02:25:51,720 --> 02:25:53,840 SUPINE ROLL TEST. WE ALSO 3470 02:25:53,840 --> 02:25:54,800 ATTEMPTED TO DO BALANCE 3471 02:25:54,800 --> 02:25:55,520 SCREENING WHICH I HAVE BEEN 3472 02:25:55,520 --> 02:25:56,920 WORKING WITH FOR SEVERAL YEARS, 3473 02:25:56,920 --> 02:25:59,240 WE TRIED TO DO TEN STEPS TEN 3474 02:25:59,240 --> 02:26:03,080 WALKING WITH EYES CLOSED AND 3475 02:26:03,080 --> 02:26:04,480 MODIFY ROMBURG. THE TEST 3476 02:26:04,480 --> 02:26:07,120 INSTRUCTIONS WERE TOO DIFFICULT 3477 02:26:07,120 --> 02:26:08,320 FOR SOME OF THE ALZHEIMER'S 3478 02:26:08,320 --> 02:26:09,360 SUBJECTS. AND THAT IS ME NOT A 3479 02:26:09,360 --> 02:26:13,520 PATIENT. NOT TO WORRY. THE 3480 02:26:13,520 --> 02:26:15,680 VESTIBULAR TESTING RESULTS SHOW 3481 02:26:15,680 --> 02:26:18,120 THAT THE NO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 3482 02:26:18,120 --> 02:26:20,880 STUDY AND HEALTHY CONTROLS IN 3483 02:26:20,880 --> 02:26:22,720 VESTIBULAR TESTING BUT WE DID 3484 02:26:22,720 --> 02:26:25,520 FIND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE ABOUT 3485 02:26:25,520 --> 02:26:28,480 NORMAL RESPONSES, IN THE STUDY 3486 02:26:28,480 --> 02:26:31,760 SUBJECTS AND CERVICAL -- OF THE 3487 02:26:31,760 --> 02:26:36,920 PEOPLE WHO HAD ABNORMAL CERVICAL 3488 02:26:36,920 --> 02:26:39,760 VEM THEY HAVE DECREASED 3489 02:26:39,760 --> 02:26:40,800 HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME, IT SPECIFY 3490 02:26:40,800 --> 02:26:44,560 LEFT BECAUSE TURNS OUT EVERYBODY 3491 02:26:44,560 --> 02:26:49,200 HAD RIGHT SIDE HIPPOCAM PAL 3492 02:26:49,200 --> 02:26:54,240 VOLUME. THIS SUGGESTS DECREASED 3493 02:26:54,240 --> 02:26:55,120 VESTIBULAR FUNCTION IN 3494 02:26:55,120 --> 02:26:58,320 STRUCTURES INNERVATED BY INFER 3495 02:26:58,320 --> 02:27:01,160 YOUR VESTIBULAR NERVE. WE 3496 02:27:01,160 --> 02:27:03,520 REPLICATED THE PREVIOUS FINDING 3497 02:27:03,520 --> 02:27:05,320 COLLEAGUES REPORT AND WE HAD TWO 3498 02:27:05,320 --> 02:27:07,520 NEW FINDINGS ONE ABOUT THE DIX 3499 02:27:07,520 --> 02:27:10,040 HALL PIKE TESTING AND TWO THAT 3500 02:27:10,040 --> 02:27:11,120 HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME SO PROBLEMS 3501 02:27:11,120 --> 02:27:14,040 WE RAN INTO SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, 3502 02:27:14,040 --> 02:27:18,000 AND EVEN SMALLER SAMPLE SIZE FOR 3503 02:27:18,000 --> 02:27:19,920 MRI DUE TO POOR QUALITY IMAGING 3504 02:27:19,920 --> 02:27:22,560 FROM TESTING THE COMMUNITY. MY 3505 02:27:22,560 --> 02:27:24,520 MAIN RECOMMENDATION IS THIS IS A 3506 02:27:24,520 --> 02:27:26,840 TERRIFIC PROGRAM SO I HOPE WE 3507 02:27:26,840 --> 02:27:28,480 WILL CONTINUE WITH 3508 02:27:28,480 --> 02:27:31,480 INVESTIGATORS. IT WOULD BE GOOD 3509 02:27:31,480 --> 02:27:33,200 TO DO WITH LARGER SAMPLES BETTER 3510 02:27:33,200 --> 02:27:38,240 IMAGING WORK. THANK YOU. 3511 02:27:38,240 --> 02:27:40,480 >> THANK YOU, DR. COHEN. I DON'T 3512 02:27:40,480 --> 02:27:41,720 SEE ANY QUESTION IN THE CHAT. SO 3513 02:27:41,720 --> 02:27:44,920 LET'S MOVE ON. TO OUR NEXT 3514 02:27:44,920 --> 02:27:47,960 SPEAKER WHO WILL BE DR. PAMELA 3515 02:27:47,960 --> 02:27:49,960 SOUZA AND ANGELA ROBERTS, TWO 3516 02:27:49,960 --> 02:27:50,880 SPEAKERS FROM NORTHWESTERN 3517 02:27:50,880 --> 02:27:52,760 UNIVERSITY. 3518 02:27:52,760 --> 02:27:53,680 >> GOOD AFTERNOON, CAN EVERYONE 3519 02:27:53,680 --> 02:27:54,360 HEAR ME? 3520 02:27:54,360 --> 02:27:55,760 >> YES. THANK YOU. 3521 02:27:55,760 --> 02:27:58,200 >> EXCELLENT. THANK YOU. SO 3522 02:27:58,200 --> 02:28:00,800 THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 3523 02:28:00,800 --> 02:28:02,120 INCLUDE THIS WORK. I WILL 3524 02:28:02,120 --> 02:28:05,920 PRESENT ON BEHALF OF MYSELF AND 3525 02:28:05,920 --> 02:28:07,560 ANGELA ROBERTS WHO IS SUPPOSED 3526 02:28:07,560 --> 02:28:09,400 TO BE HERE TODAY SO THE PARENT 3527 02:28:09,400 --> 02:28:12,520 GRANT ON THIS PROJECT IS A WORK 3528 02:28:12,520 --> 02:28:14,240 FOCUSING ON OLDER ADULTS WITH 3529 02:28:14,240 --> 02:28:16,240 COGNITIVE ABILITY THAT IS NORMAL 3530 02:28:16,240 --> 02:28:18,480 FOR THEIR AGE. AND WHAT WE WERE 3531 02:28:18,480 --> 02:28:20,440 LOOK AT THERE IS CONTRAST ACROSS 3532 02:28:20,440 --> 02:28:22,280 DIFFERENT HEARING AND PROCESSING 3533 02:28:22,280 --> 02:28:23,520 TYPES. IN THE SUPPLEMENT WE ARE 3534 02:28:23,520 --> 02:28:26,720 EXTENDING THE WORK TO ADULTS 3535 02:28:26,720 --> 02:28:30,760 WITH CI AND DEMENTIA. SO JUST TO 3536 02:28:30,760 --> 02:28:35,560 GIVE YOU A LITTLE BIT OF 3537 02:28:35,560 --> 02:28:36,640 BACKGROUND. MOST OLDER ADULTS 3538 02:28:36,640 --> 02:28:38,400 WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ALSO 3539 02:28:38,400 --> 02:28:40,120 HAVE AGE RELATED HEARING LOSS. 3540 02:28:40,120 --> 02:28:41,680 THANK YOU, CARRIE FOR 3541 02:28:41,680 --> 02:28:44,640 SUMMARIZING THAT SO WELL. THE 3542 02:28:44,640 --> 02:28:46,120 NEED TO DEPLOY COGNITIVE 3543 02:28:46,120 --> 02:28:48,240 RESOURCES IN THIS POPULATION IS 3544 02:28:48,240 --> 02:28:49,880 A PARTICULAR PROBLEM. BECAUSE 3545 02:28:49,880 --> 02:28:51,000 YOU CAN IMAGINE IF YOU HAVE 3546 02:28:51,000 --> 02:28:52,120 HEARING LOSS ALREADY, AND YOU 3547 02:28:52,120 --> 02:28:54,240 ARE ATTEMPTING TO DO REPAIR 3548 02:28:54,240 --> 02:28:56,480 STRATEGIES AND FILL IN MISSED 3549 02:28:56,480 --> 02:28:58,040 INFORMATION, THAT THAT IS REALLY 3550 02:28:58,040 --> 02:29:00,720 TAXING ON AN ADULT WHO ALSO HAS 3551 02:29:00,720 --> 02:29:02,400 COGNITIVE CHANGE, ADVANCE 3552 02:29:02,400 --> 02:29:04,680 PLEASEPLEASE. SO HEARING LOSS IS LOW 3553 02:29:04,680 --> 02:29:06,320 AMONG ALL OLDER ADULTS BUT 3554 02:29:06,320 --> 02:29:10,120 ESPECIALLY LOW AMONG ADULTS WITH 3555 02:29:10,120 --> 02:29:11,040 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. AND WHAT 3556 02:29:11,040 --> 02:29:13,480 WE KNOW IS THAT THIS HEARING 3557 02:29:13,480 --> 02:29:14,320 REHABILITATION MAY NEED TO BE 3558 02:29:14,320 --> 02:29:16,440 CUSTOMIZED NOT JUST TO THE 3559 02:29:16,440 --> 02:29:18,320 AUDITORY ABILITIES U BUT ALSO 3560 02:29:18,320 --> 02:29:19,280 COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF THIS 3561 02:29:19,280 --> 02:29:23,840 POPULATION. SO THIS IS A 3562 02:29:23,840 --> 02:29:25,160 CLINICAL TRIAL OF HEARING AID 3563 02:29:25,160 --> 02:29:26,720 USE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND 3564 02:29:26,720 --> 02:29:28,480 WHAT WE ARE DOING AGAIN IS 3565 02:29:28,480 --> 02:29:30,000 CONTRASTING DIFFERENT SIGNAL 3566 02:29:30,000 --> 02:29:32,360 PROCESSING STRATEGIES, BUT ALSO 3567 02:29:32,360 --> 02:29:33,880 COLLECTING DATA ON HEARING AID 3568 02:29:33,880 --> 02:29:37,320 USE IN GENERAL. THERE ARE VERY 3569 02:29:37,320 --> 02:29:39,800 FEW DATA ON THIS AND OLDER 3570 02:29:39,800 --> 02:29:41,320 ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE CHANGE ARE 3571 02:29:41,320 --> 02:29:42,720 EXCLUDED FROM ALMOST ALL HEARING 3572 02:29:42,720 --> 02:29:44,520 AID STUDIES. STUDIES. THEY ARE USUALLY 3573 02:29:44,520 --> 02:29:46,240 SCREENED OUT BY INCLUSION 3574 02:29:46,240 --> 02:29:47,840 CRITERIA. AND THEN THEY ARE JUST 3575 02:29:47,840 --> 02:29:49,880 A HANDFUL OF STUDIES ON THEM, 3576 02:29:49,880 --> 02:29:50,800 SOME WITH ADVANCE ALZHEIMER'S 3577 02:29:50,800 --> 02:29:53,520 DISEASE. SO WHAT WE DID WAS 3578 02:29:53,520 --> 02:29:55,160 RECRUIT A GROUP OF OLDER ADULTS 3579 02:29:55,160 --> 02:29:57,320 AND THEIR COMMUNICATION PARTNERS 3580 02:29:57,320 --> 02:29:59,720 WHICH TYPICALLY THEIR SPOUSES, 3581 02:29:59,720 --> 02:30:01,320 IN TO THIS TRIAL WHERE THEY ARE 3582 02:30:01,320 --> 02:30:03,120 TESTED THREE TIMES, FIRST 3583 02:30:03,120 --> 02:30:05,080 WITHOUT HEARING AIDS, THEN FIT 3584 02:30:05,080 --> 02:30:06,800 WITH HEARING AIDS CONVENTIONAL 3585 02:30:06,800 --> 02:30:08,040 HEARING AIDS AND THEY WE ARE 3586 02:30:08,040 --> 02:30:09,280 THEM FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT A 3587 02:30:09,280 --> 02:30:12,200 MONTH. THEY COME BACK AND WE 3588 02:30:12,200 --> 02:30:13,120 MEASURE OUTCOMES AFTER THEY HAVE 3589 02:30:13,120 --> 02:30:15,520 BEEN WEARING THE AIDS IN THEIR 3590 02:30:15,520 --> 02:30:17,240 EVERY DAY LIFE OBJECTIVE 3591 02:30:17,240 --> 02:30:19,200 OUTCOMES WHICHLY TALK ABOUT 3592 02:30:19,200 --> 02:30:20,240 TODAY SUBJECTIVE OUTCOMES. WE 3593 02:30:20,240 --> 02:30:23,040 THEN SWITCH THE PROCESSING TYPE 3594 02:30:23,040 --> 02:30:24,440 THEY REPEAT THE TRIAL AND WE CAN 3595 02:30:24,440 --> 02:30:25,880 HAVE A COMPARISON OF NO HEARING 3596 02:30:25,880 --> 02:30:27,400 AID TO HEARING AID AS WELL AS 3597 02:30:27,400 --> 02:30:28,720 WITH DIFFERENT HEARING AID 3598 02:30:28,720 --> 02:30:30,720 FITTING STRATEGIES. NOW, WE DID 3599 02:30:30,720 --> 02:30:33,000 HAVE TO MAKE SOME MODIFICATIONS 3600 02:30:33,000 --> 02:30:36,720 WHEN COVID CAME, WE HAD INTENDED 3601 02:30:36,720 --> 02:30:38,800 TO RECRUIT OLDER ADULTS WITH 3602 02:30:38,800 --> 02:30:40,680 DIAGNOSIS AND EXTENSIVE WORK UP 3603 02:30:40,680 --> 02:30:41,720 THROUGH THE NORTHWESTERN 3604 02:30:41,720 --> 02:30:42,920 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CENTER. BUT 3605 02:30:42,920 --> 02:30:45,520 THEY SHUT DOWN TO IN PERSON 3606 02:30:45,520 --> 02:30:47,160 TESTING FOR FAIRLY LONG PERIOD 3607 02:30:47,160 --> 02:30:48,920 OF TIME, DUE TO COVID. SO THEY 3608 02:30:48,920 --> 02:30:50,360 DID A RECRUITING THROUGH THE 3609 02:30:50,360 --> 02:30:52,680 COMMUNITY WHICH WORKED WELL. WE 3610 02:30:52,680 --> 02:30:55,240 HAD INTENDED TO DO OUR OUTCOME 3611 02:30:55,240 --> 02:30:57,400 MEASURES ON A CONVERSATION 3612 02:30:57,400 --> 02:30:58,760 ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE 3613 02:30:58,760 --> 02:30:59,520 PARTICIPANTS AND PARTNER IN 3614 02:30:59,520 --> 02:31:00,800 THEIR HOME AND THAT WAS NO 3615 02:31:00,800 --> 02:31:02,960 LONGER FEASIBLE. SO I'M GOING TO 3616 02:31:02,960 --> 02:31:05,640 SHOW YOU THE TASK IN A 3617 02:31:05,640 --> 02:31:07,160 STRUCTURED WAY. SO THIS IS A 3618 02:31:07,160 --> 02:31:09,440 TASK WHERE THEY ARE DESCRIBING 3619 02:31:09,440 --> 02:31:10,960 DIFFERENCES IN PICTURES BETWEEN 3620 02:31:10,960 --> 02:31:13,160 THE PARTICIPANT AND THEIR 3621 02:31:13,160 --> 02:31:14,000 COMMUNICATION PARTNER, THEY 3622 02:31:14,000 --> 02:31:16,320 CANNOT SEE EACH OTHER'S PICTURES 3623 02:31:16,320 --> 02:31:20,480 AND WE CAN THEN ANALYZE 3624 02:31:20,480 --> 02:31:21,800 CONFERENCE DROP OUTS, EFFICIENCY 3625 02:31:21,800 --> 02:31:24,720 OF COMMUNICATION AND ACCURACY. 3626 02:31:24,720 --> 02:31:26,240 IF YOU PLAY THE SOUND FILE MANY 3627 02:31:26,240 --> 02:31:27,360 HERE IS A QUICK EXCERPT OF WHAT 3628 02:31:27,360 --> 02:31:29,520 HAPPENS. 3629 02:31:29,520 --> 02:31:36,440 >> OKAY. GOOD. IS ONE, DOES ONE 3630 02:31:36,440 --> 02:31:36,680 HAVE -- 3631 02:31:36,680 --> 02:31:38,520 >> A SHEEP. 3632 02:31:38,520 --> 02:31:41,520 >> A SHEEP, WHATEVER THEY ARE. 3633 02:31:41,520 --> 02:31:43,320 ONE IS SUPPOSED TO BE A SUE AND 3634 02:31:43,320 --> 02:31:45,040 A TED, DOES YOURS SAY THAT? 3635 02:31:45,040 --> 02:31:46,800 >> WHAT? 3636 02:31:46,800 --> 02:31:49,920 >> SUE, SUE. S U E. AND TED. T 3637 02:31:49,920 --> 02:31:54,320 E D. A MAN -- A GAL AND A -- 3638 02:31:54,320 --> 02:31:56,080 >> OH, I GUESS ONE'S A GIRL. 3639 02:31:56,080 --> 02:31:58,120 >> DID THEY LOOK DIFFERENT, DOES 3640 02:31:58,120 --> 02:32:02,480 ONE HAVE LIKE A BROWN -- DO THEY 3641 02:32:02,480 --> 02:32:03,720 LOOK DIFFERENT, THE TWO SHEEP? 3642 02:32:03,720 --> 02:32:05,280 >> YES. 3643 02:32:05,280 --> 02:32:06,800 >> NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 3644 02:32:06,800 --> 02:32:08,520 >> OKAY. GOOD. IS ONE -- 3645 02:32:08,520 --> 02:32:11,840 >> GO AHEAD AND ADVANCE. SO HE 3646 02:32:11,840 --> 02:32:13,960 HAS A COGNITIVE DIAGNOSIS, HE 3647 02:32:13,960 --> 02:32:15,800 HAS HEARING LOSS AND THE WIFE 3648 02:32:15,800 --> 02:32:16,960 TRYING TO DESCRIBE TO HIM AND 3649 02:32:16,960 --> 02:32:18,440 YOU HEARD THE CONVERSATION DROP 3650 02:32:18,440 --> 02:32:21,000 OUT. HE GOES WHAT? SHE TRIES TO 3651 02:32:21,000 --> 02:32:22,400 REPAIR. SO IN THIS SLIDE WHAT WE 3652 02:32:22,400 --> 02:32:24,680 ARE LOOKING AT IS THE 3653 02:32:24,680 --> 02:32:27,440 IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEFT ALL 3654 02:32:27,440 --> 02:32:28,120 THESE ARE INDIVIDUAL 3655 02:32:28,120 --> 02:32:28,880 PARTICIPANTS BECOME MORE 3656 02:32:28,880 --> 02:32:31,200 ACCURATE AT THE TASK. WITH THEIR 3657 02:32:31,200 --> 02:32:32,800 HEARING AIDS ON. ON THE RIGHT 3658 02:32:32,800 --> 02:32:37,920 SIDE IS EFFICIENCY, THEY BECOME 3659 02:32:37,920 --> 02:32:39,520 QUICKER AT THE TASK WITH HEARING 3660 02:32:39,520 --> 02:32:40,800 AIDS ON SO WE HAVE A SENSITIVE 3661 02:32:40,800 --> 02:32:43,440 MEASURE IN A REALISTIC SITUATION 3662 02:32:43,440 --> 02:32:44,520 TO HEARING AID USE. NEXT SLIDE 3663 02:32:44,520 --> 02:32:48,840 PLEASE. JUST TO WRAP UP WE ARE 3664 02:32:48,840 --> 02:32:50,120 CONTINUING DATA COLLECTION, ALSO 3665 02:32:50,120 --> 02:32:52,000 LOOKING AT PATIENT PREDICTORS 3666 02:32:52,000 --> 02:32:53,720 COGNITIVE AND AUDITORY 3667 02:32:53,720 --> 02:32:55,280 PREDICTORS. AS WELL AS A DEEPER 3668 02:32:55,280 --> 02:33:01,160 ANALYSIS ON THE TASK. THANK YOU. 3669 02:33:01,160 --> 02:33:03,840 >> THANK YOU, DR. SOUZA. ALL 3670 02:33:03,840 --> 02:33:05,320 RIGHT GIVEN THE TIME WE SHOULD 3671 02:33:05,320 --> 02:33:07,640 MOVE TO OUR NEXT SPEAKER WHO IS 3672 02:33:07,640 --> 02:33:09,800 DR. MELANIE FRIED-OKEN FROM 3673 02:33:09,800 --> 02:33:13,840 OREGON. TAKE IT AWAY MELANIE. 3674 02:33:13,840 --> 02:33:16,680 >> THANK YOU. I WOULD LIKE TO 3675 02:33:16,680 --> 02:33:19,200 SAY BEFORE I BEGIN THAT I HAVE 3676 02:33:19,200 --> 02:33:21,440 RESEARCH ENVY FOR ALL OF THOSE 3677 02:33:21,440 --> 02:33:24,480 WHO WERE NOT QUITE AS AFFECTED 3678 02:33:24,480 --> 02:33:26,440 BY THE PANDEMIC BECAUSE THEY 3679 02:33:26,440 --> 02:33:29,920 WEREN'T COLLECTING DATA ON HUMAN 3680 02:33:29,920 --> 02:33:31,840 PARTICIPANTS. SO THANK YOU. I'M 3681 02:33:31,840 --> 02:33:33,760 IMPRESSED WITH ALL OF THE WAYS 3682 02:33:33,760 --> 02:33:36,440 THAT WE WERE ABLE TO COLLECT 3683 02:33:36,440 --> 02:33:40,120 DATA ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS. GOOD 3684 02:33:40,120 --> 02:33:43,960 JOB US. I'M GOING TO BE TALKING 3685 02:33:43,960 --> 02:33:46,240 ABOUT THE EFFECT OF USING A 3686 02:33:46,240 --> 02:33:48,840 BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE, THAT 3687 02:33:48,840 --> 02:33:50,480 PROVIDES NEUROFEEDBACK ON 3688 02:33:50,480 --> 02:33:53,000 COGNITIVE PROCESSES UNDERLYING 3689 02:33:53,000 --> 02:33:55,520 READING. IN PERSONS WITH 3690 02:33:55,520 --> 02:33:57,520 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NEXT SLIDE 3691 02:33:57,520 --> 02:34:02,240 PLEASE. SO THE PARENT GRANT IS 3692 02:34:02,240 --> 02:34:03,480 DEVELOPING AND TESTING A BRAIN 3693 02:34:03,480 --> 02:34:05,440 COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR 3694 02:34:05,440 --> 02:34:09,120 COMMUNICATION WITH INDIVIDUALS 3695 02:34:09,120 --> 02:34:11,120 WITH LOCKED IN SYNDROME AN 3696 02:34:11,120 --> 02:34:12,520 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SUPPLEMENT 3697 02:34:12,520 --> 02:34:14,920 WAS THAT PRIOR BCI RESEARCH 3698 02:34:14,920 --> 02:34:19,000 SUGGESTS THAT NEUROFEEDBACK MAY 3699 02:34:19,000 --> 02:34:19,720 IMPROVE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. 3700 02:34:19,720 --> 02:34:22,120 THAT COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT WOULD 3701 02:34:22,120 --> 02:34:23,880 BE BENEFICIAL FOR INDIVIDUALS 3702 02:34:23,880 --> 02:34:26,160 WITH MILD ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. 3703 02:34:26,160 --> 02:34:28,400 THAT AD OFTEN IS ASSOCIATED WITH 3704 02:34:28,400 --> 02:34:29,960 FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS IN 3705 02:34:29,960 --> 02:34:33,120 LANGUAGE AND READING. THEREFORE 3706 02:34:33,120 --> 02:34:38,520 OUR GOAL WAS TO DEVELOP A BCI 3707 02:34:38,520 --> 02:34:40,480 BASED FEEDBACK PARADIGM TO 3708 02:34:40,480 --> 02:34:42,000 INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF 3709 02:34:42,000 --> 02:34:43,120 NEUROFEEDBACK ON COGNITIVE 3710 02:34:43,120 --> 02:34:44,960 PROCESSES UNDERLYING READING IN 3711 02:34:44,960 --> 02:34:48,240 PEOPLE WITH MILD AD. ADVANCE 3712 02:34:48,240 --> 02:34:53,360 PLEASE. WE STARTED WITH SIX 3713 02:34:53,360 --> 02:34:56,520 PARTICIPANTS WITH MILD AD FROM 3714 02:34:56,520 --> 02:34:57,600 OUR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CENTER 3715 02:34:57,600 --> 02:35:00,080 HERE IN OREGON. DUE TO THE 3716 02:35:00,080 --> 02:35:01,800 PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS ONLY 2 3717 02:35:01,800 --> 02:35:04,040 PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED THE 16 3718 02:35:04,040 --> 02:35:07,760 WEEK PROTOCOL. WE USED A 3719 02:35:07,760 --> 02:35:08,920 MULTIPLE BASELINE SINGLE CASE 3720 02:35:08,920 --> 02:35:13,120 RESEARCH DESIGN. SO WE ADAPTED 3721 02:35:13,120 --> 02:35:14,560 OUR BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE 3722 02:35:14,560 --> 02:35:17,320 SYSTEM WHICH IS A NON-INVASIVE 3723 02:35:17,320 --> 02:35:20,400 SYSTEM WHERE SOMEONE WEARS A EEG 3724 02:35:20,400 --> 02:35:23,120 CAP AND WE CAN ACQUIRE THEIR P 3725 02:35:23,120 --> 02:35:25,160 300 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL. AND 3726 02:35:25,160 --> 02:35:27,760 WE LOOKED AT THREE MEASURES. WE 3727 02:35:27,760 --> 02:35:31,120 LOOKED AT WHETHER WE COULD 3728 02:35:31,120 --> 02:35:32,240 INCREASE SEQUENCE LENGTH ON 3729 02:35:32,240 --> 02:35:35,400 FORWARD AND BACKWARD LETTER SPAN 3730 02:35:35,400 --> 02:35:38,120 TASK, WHETHER WE COULD DECREASE 3731 02:35:38,120 --> 02:35:40,200 THE TIME TO COMPLETE LETTER 3732 02:35:40,200 --> 02:35:43,200 CANCELLATION AND WHETHER WE CAN 3733 02:35:43,200 --> 02:35:46,120 INCREASE ACCURACY ON SENTENCE 3734 02:35:46,120 --> 02:35:48,480 READING FLUENCY FOR FOLKS WITH 3735 02:35:48,480 --> 02:35:49,640 MILD ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AS A 3736 02:35:49,640 --> 02:35:56,600 RESULT OF THIS INTERVENTION. SO 3737 02:35:56,600 --> 02:36:01,720 FIRST WE WERE CONFIDENT THAT THE 3738 02:36:01,720 --> 02:36:03,520 NEUROFEEDBACK WORKED BECAUSE WE 3739 02:36:03,520 --> 02:36:08,800 COULD ACQUIRE THE REQUIRED EEG 3740 02:36:08,800 --> 02:36:10,600 POTENTIAL THAT WE NEEDED AND ON 3741 02:36:10,600 --> 02:36:12,960 THE RIGHT IS WHAT THE TASK IS. 3742 02:36:12,960 --> 02:36:14,600 SO IMAGINE WEARING AN EEG CAP 3743 02:36:14,600 --> 02:36:16,720 AND YOU ARE LOOKING AT A SCREEN. 3744 02:36:16,720 --> 02:36:18,800 ON THE SCREEN YOU SEE THE LETTER 3745 02:36:18,800 --> 02:36:21,560 A. AND THEN YOU WILL BE SHOWN 3746 02:36:21,560 --> 02:36:25,120 TEN LETTERS IN SEQUENCE AND WHEN 3747 02:36:25,120 --> 02:36:28,360 THE A APPEARS IT PRODUCES A P 3748 02:36:28,360 --> 02:36:31,160 300 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL. IF 3749 02:36:31,160 --> 02:36:35,320 THAT OCCURS YOU WILL GET GREEN 3750 02:36:35,320 --> 02:36:36,440 NEUROFEEDBACK. IF YOU DON'T 3751 02:36:36,440 --> 02:36:38,680 PRODUCE THE P 300 IT WILL 3752 02:36:38,680 --> 02:36:41,120 PRODUCE RED FEEDBACK. OUR GOAL 3753 02:36:41,120 --> 02:36:44,360 IS TO TRY TO HELP THE INDIVIDUAL 3754 02:36:44,360 --> 02:36:46,240 GET TO GREEN FEEDBACK EVERY TIME 3755 02:36:46,240 --> 02:36:52,480 THEY SEE THE LETTER. ADVANCE 3756 02:36:52,480 --> 02:36:57,480 PLEASE. SO THIS WAS POSSIBLE IN 3757 02:36:57,480 --> 02:36:59,280 ALL SIX PARTICIPANTS. EVERYONE 3758 02:36:59,280 --> 02:37:01,520 COULD USE THE NEUROFEEDBACK 3759 02:37:01,520 --> 02:37:02,880 ADEQUATELY. WHAT I WILL SHOW YOU 3760 02:37:02,880 --> 02:37:05,520 NOW ARE SOME OF THE RESULTS FROM 3761 02:37:05,520 --> 02:37:06,200 THE TWO PARTICIPANTS WHO 3762 02:37:06,200 --> 02:37:11,520 FINISHED. WE DID SEE TRENDS 3763 02:37:11,520 --> 02:37:12,880 TOWARD REDUCED TIME FOR LETTER 3764 02:37:12,880 --> 02:37:16,320 CANCELLATION WITH BCI 3765 02:37:16,320 --> 02:37:20,680 NEUROFEEDBACK. SO THE TOP TWO 3766 02:37:20,680 --> 02:37:22,600 GRAPHS ARE LETTER CANCELLATION 3767 02:37:22,600 --> 02:37:27,920 WITH CURVED LEERS THE BOTTOM TWO 3768 02:37:27,920 --> 02:37:30,000 ARE FOR LETTER CANCELLATION WITH 3769 02:37:30,000 --> 02:37:32,520 STRAIGHT LETTERS, YOU CAN SEE A 3770 02:37:32,520 --> 02:37:37,520 SLIGHT TREND TOWARD LESS TIME. I 3771 02:37:37,520 --> 02:37:41,160 CAN ALSO SHOW YOU TRANSPORT 3772 02:37:41,160 --> 02:37:42,720 INCREASING SENTENCE READING 3773 02:37:42,720 --> 02:37:44,920 FLUENCY TASK WITH THE BCI 3774 02:37:44,920 --> 02:37:50,720 NEUROFEEDBACK. USING THIS TASK, 3775 02:37:50,720 --> 02:37:53,880 SLIGHT TRENDS BUT SLIGHTLY 3776 02:37:53,880 --> 02:37:56,040 BETTER WITH NEUROFEEDBACK. NEXT 3777 02:37:56,040 --> 02:38:00,920 PLEASE. SO SOME OF OUR TAKE 3778 02:38:00,920 --> 02:38:03,680 AWAYS FROM THESE TWO CASES FOR 3779 02:38:03,680 --> 02:38:05,480 THAT PARTICIPANTS WITH COGNITIVE 3780 02:38:05,480 --> 02:38:08,320 IMPAIRMENT SUCH AS MILD 3781 02:38:08,320 --> 02:38:09,760 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CAN USE P 3782 02:38:09,760 --> 02:38:12,480 300 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL 3783 02:38:12,480 --> 02:38:16,400 BASED BCI SPELLER FOR 3784 02:38:16,400 --> 02:38:18,560 CALIBRATION SO THE SYSTEM CAN 3785 02:38:18,560 --> 02:38:20,080 READ THEIR P 300 WHICH THEY ARE 3786 02:38:20,080 --> 02:38:25,400 PRODUCING. THE BCI BASED NEURAL 3787 02:38:25,400 --> 02:38:26,920 FEEDBACK INTERVENTION PROTOCOL 3788 02:38:26,920 --> 02:38:28,120 IS FEASIBLE TO USE WITH 3789 02:38:28,120 --> 02:38:29,800 INDIVIDUALS WITH MILD 3790 02:38:29,800 --> 02:38:32,320 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THAT IS 3791 02:38:32,320 --> 02:38:36,400 FIRST REPORT OF THAT TYPE WORK. 3792 02:38:36,400 --> 02:38:39,680 FOR SPELLING. WE HAVE OPEN 3793 02:38:39,680 --> 02:38:41,960 SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR OUR BCI 3794 02:38:41,960 --> 02:38:44,280 SYSTEM SO WE SHOW THE USE OF 3795 02:38:44,280 --> 02:38:47,560 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND THE 3796 02:38:47,560 --> 02:38:49,200 AVAILABILITY OF CLINICAL 3797 02:38:49,200 --> 02:38:50,920 NEUROFEEDBACK DEVICES INCREASE 3798 02:38:50,920 --> 02:38:52,520 FEASIBILITY OF FURTHER RESEARCH 3799 02:38:52,520 --> 02:38:53,080 AND EVENTUAL CLINICAL 3800 02:38:53,080 --> 02:38:56,320 APPLICATION. THAT FINALLY 3801 02:38:56,320 --> 02:38:59,720 SINGLE CASE DESIGNS WITH 3802 02:38:59,720 --> 02:39:01,200 MULTIPLE ASSESSMENTS BEFORE AND 3803 02:39:01,200 --> 02:39:02,720 DURING INTERVENTION ARE 3804 02:39:02,720 --> 02:39:04,360 POTENTIAL APPROACH FOR THIS AD 3805 02:39:04,360 --> 02:39:09,400 PILOT STUDY. 3806 02:39:09,400 --> 02:39:10,520 >> THANK YOU, MELANIE. WE ARE 3807 02:39:10,520 --> 02:39:11,880 OUT OF TIME. 3808 02:39:11,880 --> 02:39:12,400 >> OKAY. 3809 02:39:12,400 --> 02:39:14,480 >> FIVE MINUTES SO WE WILL 3810 02:39:14,480 --> 02:39:17,720 DISCUSS LATER OUR LAST SPEAKER 3811 02:39:17,720 --> 02:39:23,280 FOR THIS SESSION IS DR. FAN GANG 3812 02:39:23,280 --> 02:39:25,440 ZENG, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 3813 02:39:25,440 --> 02:39:27,240 IRVINE. PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY. 3814 02:39:27,240 --> 02:39:34,080 >> THANK YOU, LANA. THANKS TO 3815 02:39:34,080 --> 02:39:36,440 NIDCD AND NIH SUPPORT MY POST 3816 02:39:36,440 --> 02:39:41,480 DOC YASMEEM HAMZA AND I COMPLETE 3817 02:39:41,480 --> 02:39:42,800 TWO STUDIES. THIS IS ONE THAT I 3818 02:39:42,800 --> 02:39:48,240 WILL TELL YOU TODAY. YASMEEN 3819 02:39:48,240 --> 02:39:49,880 DID MOST OF THE WORK, SHE IS 3820 02:39:49,880 --> 02:39:51,080 FINISHING UP POST-DOCTORAL 3821 02:39:51,080 --> 02:39:53,840 TRAINING HERE AND WILL JOIN 3822 02:39:53,840 --> 02:39:55,520 FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY AS A 3823 02:39:55,520 --> 02:39:57,920 BRAND NEW FACULTY MEMBER, 3824 02:39:57,920 --> 02:40:01,440 CONGRATULATIONS, YASMEEN. SO 3825 02:40:01,440 --> 02:40:04,480 REWE LOOK AT THE NATIONAL HEALTH 3826 02:40:04,480 --> 02:40:07,200 NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 3827 02:40:07,200 --> 02:40:10,440 DATABASE TO TRY TO FIND OUT WHAT 3828 02:40:10,440 --> 02:40:15,840 IS THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN 3829 02:40:15,840 --> 02:40:20,320 HEARING LOSS AND COGNITIVE 3830 02:40:20,320 --> 02:40:22,120 DECLINE,TYMYITIS IS SOUNDS ONE 3831 02:40:22,120 --> 02:40:23,160 HERES IN THE ERRS OR HEAD WHEN 3832 02:40:23,160 --> 02:40:24,200 THERE IS NO EXTERNAL SOUND 3833 02:40:24,200 --> 02:40:27,680 PRESENT. AND OVERLAPS WITH 3834 02:40:27,680 --> 02:40:32,240 HEARING LOSS BY AS MUCH AS 80%. 3835 02:40:32,240 --> 02:40:34,320 80%.TYMYITIS. SO BECAUSE OF THAT 3836 02:40:34,320 --> 02:40:37,920 OVERLAP, AND PEOPLE THOUGHT IF 3837 02:40:37,920 --> 02:40:40,840 HEARING LOSS CAUSES COGNITIVE 3838 02:40:40,840 --> 02:40:43,480 DECLINE SO DOES TINITIS SO 3839 02:40:43,480 --> 02:40:45,400 THAT'S WHEY TRYING TO FIGURE O 3840 02:40:45,400 --> 02:40:48,360 OUT HERE AND THIS PARTICULAR 3841 02:40:48,360 --> 02:40:49,960 SURVEY HAVE PATIENTS WHO HAVE 3842 02:40:49,960 --> 02:40:54,720 NOT ONLY THE HEARING LOSS DATA 3843 02:40:54,720 --> 02:40:55,920 TINITUS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION 3844 02:40:55,920 --> 02:41:00,480 MEASURES. WE STARTED WITH ABOUT 3845 02:41:00,480 --> 02:41:03,280 10,000 PARTICIPANTS IN A 3846 02:41:03,280 --> 02:41:06,480 STREAMED DOWN DIVIDED UP TO FOUR 3847 02:41:06,480 --> 02:41:08,400 GROUPS AND LOOK THROUGH TO THE 3848 02:41:08,400 --> 02:41:10,720 BOTTOM WE FIND ABOUT 400 PEOPLE 3849 02:41:10,720 --> 02:41:15,560 WHO HAVE A NORMAL HEARING, NO 3850 02:41:15,560 --> 02:41:16,600 TINNITUS AND ABOUT A HUNDRED 3851 02:41:16,600 --> 02:41:20,280 PEOPLE WHO HAVE NORMAL HEARING, 3852 02:41:20,280 --> 02:41:26,920 AND NO -- AND TINNITUS, BY THAT 3853 02:41:26,920 --> 02:41:28,880 DASHED BLUE SQUARE. WE ALSO FIND 3854 02:41:28,880 --> 02:41:32,440 TWO ADDITIONAL GROUPS, 79 WITH 3855 02:41:32,440 --> 02:41:36,840 HEARING LOSS, NO TINNITUS AND 56 3856 02:41:36,840 --> 02:41:39,760 HEARING LOSS WITH TINNITUS SO WE 3857 02:41:39,760 --> 02:41:43,320 WILL THEN LOOK AT COGNITIVE 3858 02:41:43,320 --> 02:41:46,920 FUNCTION IN THESE FOUR GROUPS. 3859 02:41:46,920 --> 02:41:52,520 WE CONTROL FOR AGE, SEX, HEARING 3860 02:41:52,520 --> 02:41:55,320 LOSS, EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, SEEK 3861 02:41:55,320 --> 02:41:58,280 LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL WELL BEING. 3862 02:41:58,280 --> 02:42:00,400 OTHER RISK PARAMETERS. IS WHAT 3863 02:42:00,400 --> 02:42:03,280 IS SHOWN HERE IS NORMAL CONTROL 3864 02:42:03,280 --> 02:42:06,240 WE SHOW CUMULATIVE HISTOGRAM 3865 02:42:06,240 --> 02:42:08,360 THAT X AXIS IS COGNITIVE 3866 02:42:08,360 --> 02:42:11,920 FUNCTION NORMALIZED TO ZERO 3867 02:42:11,920 --> 02:42:14,360 AVERAGE ANYTHING NEGATIVE ON THE 3868 02:42:14,360 --> 02:42:15,720 LEFT IS POOR THAN AVERAGE HIGHER 3869 02:42:15,720 --> 02:42:20,120 ON THE RIGHT THAT'S BETTER THAN 3870 02:42:20,120 --> 02:42:22,080 AVERAGE. Y AXIS IS PERCENTAGE 3871 02:42:22,080 --> 02:42:25,280 GOES FROM 0 TO 100% SO ANYTHING 3872 02:42:25,280 --> 02:42:29,720 ON THE LEFT SIDE MEANS POOR 3873 02:42:29,720 --> 02:42:30,680 CONTROLND ON THE RIGHT SIDE IS 3874 02:42:30,680 --> 02:42:37,200 BETTER THAN NORMAL CONTROL. 3875 02:42:37,200 --> 02:42:39,200 SO FOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE NORMAL 3876 02:42:39,200 --> 02:42:42,920 HEARING AND TINNITUS NOT MUCH 3877 02:42:42,920 --> 02:42:44,440 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO 3878 02:42:44,440 --> 02:42:48,720 SUGGESTING TINNITUS DOES NOT 3879 02:42:48,720 --> 02:42:50,400 IMPAIR COGNITION IN NORMAL 3880 02:42:50,400 --> 02:42:51,520 HEARING. OF COURSE YOU HAVE 3881 02:42:51,520 --> 02:42:59,080 HEARING LOSS NO TINNITUS THAT'S 3882 02:42:59,080 --> 02:42:59,960 BAD, CAUSING COMMISSIONTIVE 3883 02:42:59,960 --> 02:43:01,160 DECLINE AND THE KEY FINDING IS 3884 02:43:01,160 --> 02:43:02,920 NEXT PLEASE. FOR THOSE WHO HAVE 3885 02:43:02,920 --> 02:43:06,120 BOTH HEARING LOSS AND TINNIT,S 3886 02:43:06,120 --> 02:43:12,400 IT APPEARS THE TINNITUS SOMEHOW 3887 02:43:12,400 --> 02:43:16,400 COMPENSATES FOR THE DEGREE OF 3888 02:43:16,400 --> 02:43:17,640 COGNITIVE DECLINE CAUSED BY 3889 02:43:17,640 --> 02:43:19,800 HEARING LOSS SO THE CURVE SHIFTS 3890 02:43:19,800 --> 02:43:26,280 MORE TOWARDS NORMAL CONTROL. TO 3891 02:43:26,280 --> 02:43:27,720 SUMMARIZE, THE GROUP 3892 02:43:27,720 --> 02:43:29,520 DATABASEICALLY YOU SEE IF NORMAL 3893 02:43:29,520 --> 02:43:32,600 CONTROL ON THE LEFT SIDE BLUE 3894 02:43:32,600 --> 02:43:37,080 FILLED SQUARES SINNITUS WITHOUT 3895 02:43:37,080 --> 02:43:38,360 -- IN NORMAL HEARING LISTENERS 3896 02:43:38,360 --> 02:43:40,440 IS NOT TOO MUCH. HEARING LOSS 3897 02:43:40,440 --> 02:43:44,440 DOES COST COGNITIVE DECLINE, BUT 3898 02:43:44,440 --> 02:43:47,080 SOMEHOW TINNITUS WITH HEARING 3899 02:43:47,080 --> 02:43:49,120 LOSS COMPENSATE FOR THE 3900 02:43:49,120 --> 02:43:52,440 COGNITIVE DECLINE DECLINE. SO THIS IS 3901 02:43:52,440 --> 02:43:54,280 VERY COUNTER INTUITIVE OF 3902 02:43:54,280 --> 02:43:55,160 INTERESTING FINDING SO I WILL 3903 02:43:55,160 --> 02:43:56,240 STOP HERE AND TAKE ANY QUESTIONS 3904 02:43:56,240 --> 02:44:01,160 YOU MAY HAVE. 3905 02:44:01,160 --> 02:44:02,120 >> THANK YOU, LOOKING AT THE 3906 02:44:02,120 --> 02:44:08,800 CHAT. WE DO SEE ONE FROM -- 3907 02:44:08,800 --> 02:44:14,120 VERY INTERESTING PERHAPS THE 3908 02:44:14,120 --> 02:44:15,680 COST INTEREST MIGHT ALSO BE 3909 02:44:15,680 --> 02:44:16,240 PROTECTIVE BUT HOW WE DON'T 3910 02:44:16,240 --> 02:44:17,720 KNOW. 3911 02:44:17,720 --> 02:44:19,960 >> I THINK PEOPLE DOING 3912 02:44:19,960 --> 02:44:22,720 PHYSIOLOGY MOLECULAR MECHANISM, 3913 02:44:22,720 --> 02:44:24,720 AND MAY HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY 3914 02:44:24,720 --> 02:44:28,480 IT IS PROTECTIVE. AND THERE IS 3915 02:44:28,480 --> 02:44:33,480 ANOTHER ONE FROM JAY, IS MORE 3916 02:44:33,480 --> 02:44:35,080 THERE IS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 3917 02:44:35,080 --> 02:44:36,400 COGNITIVE DECLINE AND HEARING 3918 02:44:36,400 --> 02:44:40,720 LOSS RATHER THAN COST? I WILL 3919 02:44:40,720 --> 02:44:45,120 SAY POSSIBLY. THANK YOU. 3920 02:44:45,120 --> 02:44:48,920 >> THANK YOU. SO WE CAN DO 3921 02:44:48,920 --> 02:44:51,000 CAMERAS NOW. FOR THE DISCUSSION 3922 02:44:51,000 --> 02:44:52,960 PART IF YOU WISH. AND YOU CAN 3923 02:44:52,960 --> 02:44:55,160 PUT QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT. THERE 3924 02:44:55,160 --> 02:45:00,080 IS A COMMENT ON HEARING. FOR ALL 3925 02:45:00,080 --> 02:45:02,640 SPEAKERS IN THIS SESSION A 3926 02:45:02,640 --> 02:45:03,640 COMMON REFRAIN THIS PERSON HEARD 3927 02:45:03,640 --> 02:45:05,560 FROM PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN 3928 02:45:05,560 --> 02:45:06,560 SUBMITTED AD MOUSE MODELS 3929 02:45:06,560 --> 02:45:08,280 HEARING HEARING LOSS GRANTS IS 3930 02:45:08,280 --> 02:45:09,360 REVIEWERS FEEL THE MOUSE MODELS 3931 02:45:09,360 --> 02:45:11,040 ARE NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 3932 02:45:11,040 --> 02:45:13,880 HUMAN CONDITION. THIS DRIVE 3933 02:45:13,880 --> 02:45:16,440 DOWNS THE SCORE. WHAT ASPECT OF 3934 02:45:16,440 --> 02:45:17,600 THE HUMAN CONDITION SHOULD WE 3935 02:45:17,600 --> 02:45:19,720 MODEL TO MAKE THE MOUSE MODELS 3936 02:45:19,720 --> 02:45:26,440 MORE APPLICABLE. 3937 02:45:26,440 --> 02:45:28,400 >> ANYBODY WANT TO RAISE THEIR 3938 02:45:28,400 --> 02:45:37,960 HAND AND ANSWER THAT QUESTION? 3939 02:45:37,960 --> 02:45:40,120 NO? 3940 02:45:40,120 --> 02:45:48,240 SCANNING. DID I MISS A HANDD? 3941 02:45:48,240 --> 02:45:49,320 YES. DAN WESSON. 3942 02:45:49,320 --> 02:45:51,520 >> AND IF I COULD START OFF, I 3943 02:45:51,520 --> 02:45:55,000 WOULD SUGGEST, I MEAN, THIS ADRD 3944 02:45:55,000 --> 02:45:58,320 THIS ONE YEAR SUPPLEMENT 3945 02:45:58,320 --> 02:45:59,680 INITIATIVE WAS OBVIOUS WILL I A 3946 02:45:59,680 --> 02:46:04,120 LOT OF PIONEERING WORK. DRIVING 3947 02:46:04,120 --> 02:46:05,840 PAPERS GRANTS SUBMISSIONS. 3948 02:46:05,840 --> 02:46:06,520 UNFORTUNATELY BECAUSE THERE'S 3949 02:46:06,520 --> 02:46:10,560 ONLY ONE YEAR, IT DOESN'T AVAIL 3950 02:46:10,560 --> 02:46:13,720 ITSELF TO THE STRONGER 3951 02:46:13,720 --> 02:46:14,360 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MOUSE MODEL. 3952 02:46:14,360 --> 02:46:17,000 WHICH ARE MOUSE MODELS THAT ONLY 3953 02:46:17,000 --> 02:46:20,440 HAVE ONE FAD GENE MUTATION 3954 02:46:20,440 --> 02:46:23,440 EXPRESSED. NO HOW MANY HAS THREE 3955 02:46:23,440 --> 02:46:25,720 FAD GENE MUTATIONS OR FIVE SO 3956 02:46:25,720 --> 02:46:28,960 THE 3X AND 5X PEOPLE LOVE TO USE 3957 02:46:28,960 --> 02:46:30,520 BECAUSE CHANGES IN TWO MONTHS, 3958 02:46:30,520 --> 02:46:33,320 JUST DON'T CLOSELY MIMIC SO MY 3959 02:46:33,320 --> 02:46:34,920 SUGGESTION IS IN TERMS OF 3960 02:46:34,920 --> 02:46:37,200 GETTING AT THAT COMMENT IS -- ON 3961 02:46:37,200 --> 02:46:38,800 THE ONE SIDE FOR THE GRANTS, 3962 02:46:38,800 --> 02:46:40,680 PAPERS IS TO CONSIDER MOUSE 3963 02:46:40,680 --> 02:46:42,960 MODEL THAT A AT LEAST ALLOWS US 3964 02:46:42,960 --> 02:46:45,800 TO TEST HYPOTHESIS THAT ONE 3965 02:46:45,800 --> 02:46:48,480 SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL VARIABLE 3966 02:46:48,480 --> 02:46:51,560 WHETHER AMYLOIDOSIS, TAU, 3967 02:46:51,560 --> 02:46:53,040 INFLAMMATION, AND BE CAREFUL 3968 02:46:53,040 --> 02:46:54,520 SELECTING THE MODEL BECAUSE SOME 3969 02:46:54,520 --> 02:46:56,200 ALSO DRIVE CELL DEATH. AND THAT 3970 02:46:56,200 --> 02:46:58,160 WAY YOU CAN BETTER HONE YOUR 3971 02:46:58,160 --> 02:47:01,160 HYPOTHESIS, NOT THE TEST THE AD 3972 02:47:01,160 --> 02:47:05,320 OR ADRD, BUT YOU CAN HONE YOUR 3973 02:47:05,320 --> 02:47:07,120 HYPOTHESIS AROUND ONE PATHOLOGY 3974 02:47:07,120 --> 02:47:09,280 WE KNOW IS A COMPONENT OF MANY 3975 02:47:09,280 --> 02:47:11,520 ADRDs AND USE THAT TO GO 3976 02:47:11,520 --> 02:47:12,200 FORWARD. SO THAT WOULD BE 3977 02:47:12,200 --> 02:47:13,920 SUGGESTION BUT THAT REQUIRES 3978 02:47:13,920 --> 02:47:16,280 INVESTMENT FROM NIA AND NIDCD 3979 02:47:16,280 --> 02:47:18,800 AND GRANT MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW 3980 02:47:18,800 --> 02:47:19,800 MORE AGE MOUSE MODELS BECAUSE 3981 02:47:19,800 --> 02:47:22,160 THESE MOUSE MODELS WITH ONE FAD 3982 02:47:22,160 --> 02:47:24,160 MUTATION TAKE LONGER TO DEVELOP 3983 02:47:24,160 --> 02:47:26,920 IMPAIRMENTS. 3984 02:47:26,920 --> 02:47:28,720 >> NOTED. THERE IS NO QUESTION 3985 02:47:28,720 --> 02:47:31,240 IN THE CHAT BEFORE I SEE -- GO 3986 02:47:31,240 --> 02:47:33,920 TO DR. MACWHINNEY, ASSOCIATION 3987 02:47:33,920 --> 02:47:34,920 BETWEEN HEARING LOSS AND 3988 02:47:34,920 --> 02:47:36,320 COGNITIVE DECLINE SEEMS CLEAR 3989 02:47:36,320 --> 02:47:37,120 BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR THAT THERE 3990 02:47:37,120 --> 02:47:39,440 IS A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP. WHAT 3991 02:47:39,440 --> 02:47:42,560 IS THE EVIDENCE OF CAUSALITY? 3992 02:47:42,560 --> 02:47:43,960 ANYBODY WANT TO TAKE THAT? 3993 02:47:43,960 --> 02:47:45,800 ASSUMING IT IS NOT DR. 3994 02:47:45,800 --> 02:47:46,920 MACWHINNEY WHO WANTS TO ANSWER 3995 02:47:46,920 --> 02:47:47,880 THAT QUESTION, PLEASE LOWER YOUR 3996 02:47:47,880 --> 02:47:54,280 HAND. 3997 02:47:54,280 --> 02:47:58,920 >> TO ESTABLISH THAT CAUSALITY, 3998 02:47:58,920 --> 02:48:00,080 WE NEED TO MAKE SHOE HEARING 3999 02:48:00,080 --> 02:48:03,680 LOSS IS NOT ONLY NECESSARY BUT 4000 02:48:03,680 --> 02:48:06,880 SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE POTENTIALLY 4001 02:48:06,880 --> 02:48:09,640 TREAT COGNITIVE DECLINE. MOST OF 4002 02:48:09,640 --> 02:48:12,440 THIS ASSOCIATION STUDIES, HAVE 4003 02:48:12,440 --> 02:48:17,120 BEEN BASED ON CROSS SECTIONAL 4004 02:48:17,120 --> 02:48:18,520 STUDIES INCLUDING THE ONE I 4005 02:48:18,520 --> 02:48:23,360 PRESENTED. SO YOU COMPARE TWO 4006 02:48:23,360 --> 02:48:24,120 GROUPS ONE AND WHAT A DIFFERENCE 4007 02:48:24,120 --> 02:48:27,040 IS. WE DO NEED LONGITUDINAL 4008 02:48:27,040 --> 02:48:30,640 CONDITIONS FROM THE SAME GROUP 4009 02:48:30,640 --> 02:48:33,560 OF PATIENTS. I HI THE KIND OF 4010 02:48:33,560 --> 02:48:34,720 STUDIES SOME HAVE BEEN PLANNING 4011 02:48:34,720 --> 02:48:38,040 AND SOME HAVE BEEN REPORTED 4012 02:48:38,040 --> 02:48:39,240 PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND SHOW 4013 02:48:39,240 --> 02:48:42,240 THAT FOR EXAMPLE, COCHLEAR 4014 02:48:42,240 --> 02:48:46,360 IMPLANTS AFTER IMPLANTATION, NOT 4015 02:48:46,360 --> 02:48:49,520 ONLY COCHLEAR IMPLANTS PREVENT 4016 02:48:49,520 --> 02:48:51,800 SOMETIMES RECOVER COGNITIVE 4017 02:48:51,800 --> 02:48:54,840 FUNCTION, I THINK THAT IS A 4018 02:48:54,840 --> 02:48:56,800 PRETTY STRONG EVIDENCE 4019 02:48:56,800 --> 02:48:57,840 SUGGESTING THIS PROBABLY MORE 4020 02:48:57,840 --> 02:48:59,680 THAN ASSOCIATION, IT IS A CAUSAL 4021 02:48:59,680 --> 02:49:02,080 RELATIONSHIP. 4022 02:49:02,080 --> 02:49:02,520 >> ALL RIGHT. 4023 02:49:02,520 --> 02:49:05,240 >> ALTERNATE, I'M GOING TO 4024 02:49:05,240 --> 02:49:06,440 ALERNATE BETWEEN CHAT AND PEOPLE 4025 02:49:06,440 --> 02:49:08,960 WHO RAISED THEIR HAND, AKNOW 4026 02:49:08,960 --> 02:49:11,400 LEDGE YOU, DR. WHITE. CAN WE 4027 02:49:11,400 --> 02:49:13,080 ALLOW DR. MACWHINNEY TO ASK HIS 4028 02:49:13,080 --> 02:49:16,800 QUESTION, IF HE STILL WANTS TO? 4029 02:49:16,800 --> 02:49:18,840 >> I LIKE WHAT DAN IS SAYING 4030 02:49:18,840 --> 02:49:21,280 ABOUT FOCUSING ON SINGLE CAUSE 4031 02:49:21,280 --> 02:49:23,080 BUT IN TERMS OF THE MOUSE IT 4032 02:49:23,080 --> 02:49:26,440 WOULD BE NICE, I'M IMPRESSED 4033 02:49:26,440 --> 02:49:28,240 WHAT THEY -- HAS FOUND FOUND 4034 02:49:28,240 --> 02:49:32,600 WITH HIS MICE HE GETS MICE TO 4035 02:49:32,600 --> 02:49:34,320 STOTSER I THINK IT IS 4036 02:49:34,320 --> 02:49:36,680 INTERESTING TO FIND MICE WHO MAY 4037 02:49:36,680 --> 02:49:39,360 HAVE PROBLEMS WITH MEMORY, 4038 02:49:39,360 --> 02:49:40,040 HEARING, BALANCE, SO IN GENERAL 4039 02:49:40,040 --> 02:49:41,600 TO BE ABLE TO MAP THEIR PROBLEMS 4040 02:49:41,600 --> 02:49:44,840 ON TO THE HUMAN ONE, I FIND IT 4041 02:49:44,840 --> 02:49:46,040 ANOTHER WAY OF UNDERSTANDING 4042 02:49:46,040 --> 02:49:47,920 WHAT'S GOING ON. OBVIOUSLY NOT 4043 02:49:47,920 --> 02:49:52,120 AS MECHANISTIC BUT DOES GIVE US 4044 02:49:52,120 --> 02:49:53,120 ANOTHER VIEW OF THE THING. THAT 4045 02:49:53,120 --> 02:49:54,920 IS ALL. 4046 02:49:54,920 --> 02:49:58,120 >> THANK YOU. INDIVIDUALS WHO 4047 02:49:58,120 --> 02:49:59,080 DIRECT QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO 4048 02:49:59,080 --> 02:50:00,400 ANSWER THEM IN THE CHAT AND I 4049 02:50:00,400 --> 02:50:02,760 WILL GO NOW TO DR. WHITE. 4050 02:50:02,760 --> 02:50:05,520 >> I WAS GOING TO CONTINUE THE 4051 02:50:05,520 --> 02:50:09,960 CONVERSATION ON HEARING LOTIONS 4052 02:50:09,960 --> 02:50:11,720 DEMENTIA PROGRESSION. I THINK 4053 02:50:11,720 --> 02:50:14,720 THAT THERE COULD BE FEEDBACK 4054 02:50:14,720 --> 02:50:16,160 LOOPS WITHIN THESE TWO 4055 02:50:16,160 --> 02:50:17,320 PATHOLOGIES. WHERE YOU MIGHT 4056 02:50:17,320 --> 02:50:19,040 HAVE A PERSON WITH HEARING LOSS 4057 02:50:19,040 --> 02:50:20,640 WHO IS NOT FACE TO FACE OR 4058 02:50:20,640 --> 02:50:22,280 HAVING COMMUNICATIONS AND WE 4059 02:50:22,280 --> 02:50:24,920 KNOW THAT SOCIAL CONNECTIONS ARE 4060 02:50:24,920 --> 02:50:26,320 VERY IMPORTANT FOR SLOWING THE 4061 02:50:26,320 --> 02:50:30,240 DECLINE WITH DEMENTIA. SO THAT 4062 02:50:30,240 --> 02:50:31,680 CAN PLAY A ROLE IN IT. YOU MAY 4063 02:50:31,680 --> 02:50:33,320 ALSO HAVE SITUATION WHERE PEOPLE 4064 02:50:33,320 --> 02:50:35,120 WHO HAVE LOW LEVELS OF DECLINE 4065 02:50:35,120 --> 02:50:36,640 -- LOW LEVELS OF DECLINE MAY 4066 02:50:36,640 --> 02:50:38,920 HAVE DIFFICULTY ADAPTING TO FOR 4067 02:50:38,920 --> 02:50:42,720 INSTANCE USE OF HEARING AIDS. 4068 02:50:42,720 --> 02:50:45,520 THAT WAS WHY I FOUND THE STUDY 4069 02:50:45,520 --> 02:50:46,560 ON INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT 4070 02:50:46,560 --> 02:50:48,280 HEARING AID IS FASCINATING 4071 02:50:48,280 --> 02:50:48,960 BECAUSE MIGHT BE TRYING TO 4072 02:50:48,960 --> 02:50:50,320 UNDERSTAND THOSE ASPECTS MIGHT 4073 02:50:50,320 --> 02:50:51,920 HELP US TO THEN PROVIDE THE 4074 02:50:51,920 --> 02:50:53,440 HEARING TREATMENT THAT PEOPLE 4075 02:50:53,440 --> 02:50:55,120 NEED TO HELP THEM GET THE SOCIAL 4076 02:50:55,120 --> 02:50:56,680 SUPPORT THEY NEED. THE HEARING 4077 02:50:56,680 --> 02:51:01,000 LOSS AND AD COULD BE A VICIOUS 4078 02:51:01,000 --> 02:51:01,840 CYCLE IN THAT RESPECT. 4079 02:51:01,840 --> 02:51:07,760 >> NOTED. THANK YOU. DR. 4080 02:51:07,760 --> 02:51:10,120 SINCLAIR, YOU HAD YOUR HAND UP. 4081 02:51:10,120 --> 02:51:13,240 >> SO I WANT TO FOLLOW-UP ON 4082 02:51:13,240 --> 02:51:15,960 WHAT DAN AND I BELIEVE BRINE 4083 02:51:15,960 --> 02:51:18,120 DISCUSSED ABOUT FINDING THE 4084 02:51:18,120 --> 02:51:19,880 RIGHT TYPE OF MODEL. THEY ARE 4085 02:51:19,880 --> 02:51:21,480 COMPLETELY ACCURATE IN THE SENSE 4086 02:51:21,480 --> 02:51:25,000 THERE ISN'T A SINGLE MODEL THAT 4087 02:51:25,000 --> 02:51:28,880 CURRENTLY RECAPITULATES THE FULL 4088 02:51:28,880 --> 02:51:29,600 AS PECK OVERSEES DISEASE. 4089 02:51:29,600 --> 02:51:32,080 THE GOAL IS TO REPLICATE ASPECTS 4090 02:51:32,080 --> 02:51:34,840 BUT THESE MODELS ARE NOT 4091 02:51:34,840 --> 02:51:37,320 PERFECT. AND MICE STILL GET AD 4092 02:51:37,320 --> 02:51:39,560 SO WE NEED TO KEEP THAT IN MIND 4093 02:51:39,560 --> 02:51:44,480 AS WELL. WELL. AND RECENTLY INVESTED 4094 02:51:44,480 --> 02:51:47,120 IN MODEL 18 CONSORTIUM, I DON'T 4095 02:51:47,120 --> 02:51:48,400 KNOW HOW MANY MIGHT BE FAMILIAR 4096 02:51:48,400 --> 02:51:52,520 WITH THIS, IT IS A CONSORTIUM 4097 02:51:52,520 --> 02:51:55,960 THAT INCORPORATES INDIANA 4098 02:51:55,960 --> 02:51:58,880 UNIVERSITY JACKSON LABS, 4099 02:51:58,880 --> 02:51:59,680 UNIVERSITY PITTSBURGH, AND I 4100 02:51:59,680 --> 02:52:04,000 BELIEVE UC IRVINE. SO A 4101 02:52:04,000 --> 02:52:05,120 SIGNIFICANT GROUP OF 4102 02:52:05,120 --> 02:52:07,720 INSTITUTIONS, THAT HAVE COME 4103 02:52:07,720 --> 02:52:10,720 TOGETHER TO TRY TO ENGINEER 4104 02:52:10,720 --> 02:52:13,600 BETTER CHARACTERIZE MOUSE 4105 02:52:13,600 --> 02:52:15,960 MODELS, AND ALSO IMPROVE UPON 4106 02:52:15,960 --> 02:52:17,680 THE DEVELOPMENT, THEY ARE ALSO 4107 02:52:17,680 --> 02:52:19,520 LOOKING INTO GENERATING 4108 02:52:19,520 --> 02:52:23,600 HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS THAT 4109 02:52:23,600 --> 02:52:25,040 WOULD BETTER CAPITULATE THE 4110 02:52:25,040 --> 02:52:26,840 DISEASE PATHOLOGY AND THE HUMAN 4111 02:52:26,840 --> 02:52:29,680 DISEASE IN GENERAL. I KNOW 4112 02:52:29,680 --> 02:52:32,080 THERE IS A PUBLICATION, I THINK 4113 02:52:32,080 --> 02:52:33,320 SOMETIME LAST YEAR THERE WAS A 4114 02:52:33,320 --> 02:52:35,800 PUBLICATION THAT CAME OUT FROM 4115 02:52:35,800 --> 02:52:37,720 THE CONSORTIUM THAT DID A DEEP 4116 02:52:37,720 --> 02:52:41,000 PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF THE 5X 4117 02:52:41,000 --> 02:52:42,080 MOUSE BECAUSE THAT IS ONE OF THE 4118 02:52:42,080 --> 02:52:43,640 MORE POPULAR MOUSE MODELS SO 4119 02:52:43,640 --> 02:52:46,520 ENCOURAGE YOU TO TAKE A LOOK AT 4120 02:52:46,520 --> 02:52:47,600 THAT, I THINK THERE'S 4121 02:52:47,600 --> 02:52:49,720 RECOMMENDATIONS TO WHAT TYPES OF 4122 02:52:49,720 --> 02:52:51,640 STUDIES MIGHT BE MORE SUITED TO 4123 02:52:51,640 --> 02:52:52,880 THIS PARTICULAR MOUSE MODEL, 4124 02:52:52,880 --> 02:52:58,440 WHAT TYPES WOULDN'T. 4125 02:52:58,440 --> 02:53:04,920 >> THANK YOU. I'M GOING TO NOT 4126 02:53:04,920 --> 02:53:06,760 DO THIS NAME RIGHT. I NEVER 4127 02:53:06,760 --> 02:53:13,320 PRACTICED IT. FORGIVE ME. DR. 4128 02:53:13,320 --> 02:53:14,000 KUCHIBHOTIA 4129 02:53:14,000 --> 02:53:18,880 >> WELL DONE DONE. DONE. DONE. I WANT TO F OLLOW 4130 02:53:18,880 --> 02:53:21,000 UP WHEN WE ARE SUBMITTING MOUSE 4131 02:53:21,000 --> 02:53:24,400 RELATE AUDITORY AND ALZHEIMER'S 4132 02:53:24,400 --> 02:53:25,600 GRANTS. AFTER THE SUPPLEMENT I 4133 02:53:25,600 --> 02:53:28,120 DID THAT FOR -- WITH AN RO1 AND 4134 02:53:28,120 --> 02:53:32,320 IN BOTH INITIAL SUBMISSION AND 4135 02:53:32,320 --> 02:53:33,320 RESUBMISSION, RECEIVED VERY 4136 02:53:33,320 --> 02:53:34,400 CLEAR NEGATIVE FEEDBACK THAT IT 4137 02:53:34,400 --> 02:53:37,120 WAS NOT CLEAR HOW THE AUDITORY 4138 02:53:37,120 --> 02:53:40,000 CORTEX IS RELEVANT IN 4139 02:53:40,000 --> 02:53:42,560 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. ONE OF THE 4140 02:53:42,560 --> 02:53:44,400 REVIEWERS ENDED LIKED A LOT OF 4141 02:53:44,400 --> 02:53:47,040 STUFF TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCE 4142 02:53:47,040 --> 02:53:50,640 SYSTEMS CIRCUIT WORK CORTICAL -- 4143 02:53:50,640 --> 02:53:52,520 IN THE CORTEX AND MOTIVATED IT, 4144 02:53:52,520 --> 02:53:58,760 I THINK WELL WITH THE POTENTIAL 4145 02:53:58,760 --> 02:53:59,920 CENTRAL CONTRIBUTION HEARING 4146 02:53:59,920 --> 02:54:01,280 IMPAIRMENTS LINKED TO DEMENTIA 4147 02:54:01,280 --> 02:54:03,320 BUT THERE STILL TWO OF THE THREE 4148 02:54:03,320 --> 02:54:04,400 MADE A STRONG STATEMENT HA IS 4149 02:54:04,400 --> 02:54:06,640 NOT CLEAR HOW THE AUDITORY 4150 02:54:06,640 --> 02:54:08,040 CORTEX AND AUDITORY SYSTEM IS 4151 02:54:08,040 --> 02:54:10,200 RELEVANT IN THE HUMAN CONDITION. 4152 02:54:10,200 --> 02:54:11,800 IT IS SOMETHING THAT WE ARE JUST 4153 02:54:11,800 --> 02:54:14,600 TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO KIND 4154 02:54:14,600 --> 02:54:17,720 OF PITCH THIS IN A WAY THAT THE 4155 02:54:17,720 --> 02:54:19,520 SCIENCE IS GOING TO BE EXTREMELY 4156 02:54:19,520 --> 02:54:20,440 VALUABLE TO SAY THAT BUT IT IS 4157 02:54:20,440 --> 02:54:22,800 NOT CLEAR HOW IT LINKS TO THE 4158 02:54:22,800 --> 02:54:24,040 HUMAN CONDITION. SO JUST A 4159 02:54:24,040 --> 02:54:25,720 FOLLOW-UP ON THIS THREAD. 4160 02:54:25,720 --> 02:54:27,600 >> RIGHT. SOMETHING TO EXPLORE 4161 02:54:27,600 --> 02:54:32,120 WITH THE PROGRAM OFFICER. 4162 02:54:32,120 --> 02:54:33,200 >> OKAY. 4163 02:54:33,200 --> 02:54:35,680 >> DR. BUCKEY, WOULD YOU LIKE TO 4164 02:54:35,680 --> 02:54:38,120 GO NEXT? 4165 02:54:38,120 --> 02:54:41,120 >> JUST FOLLOW-UP ON THERE IS A 4166 02:54:41,120 --> 02:54:42,400 TENDENCY WHEN YOU ARE TALKING 4167 02:54:42,400 --> 02:54:43,320 ABOUT HEARING THAT EVERYONE 4168 02:54:43,320 --> 02:54:44,920 ASSUMES THAT YOU ARE TALKING THE 4169 02:54:44,920 --> 02:54:47,600 AUDITORY CORTEX. BUT AT LEAST IN 4170 02:54:47,600 --> 02:54:49,280 THE WORK THAT WE HAVE BEEN 4171 02:54:49,280 --> 02:54:50,880 DOING, THERE IS CERTAINLY A LOT 4172 02:54:50,880 --> 02:54:52,040 OF INVOLVEMENT OF THE BRAIN IN 4173 02:54:52,040 --> 02:54:54,520 AREAS OUTSIDE THE AUDITORY 4174 02:54:54,520 --> 02:54:57,680 CORTEX. WHEN YOU ARE DOING 4175 02:54:57,680 --> 02:54:59,320 COMPLEX SPEECH TESTS LIKE 4176 02:54:59,320 --> 02:55:00,200 UNDERSTANDING SPEECH AND 4177 02:55:00,200 --> 02:55:02,160 BACKGROUND NOISE. SO THE IDEA 4178 02:55:02,160 --> 02:55:04,440 THAT IT IS ONLY THE AUDITORY 4179 02:55:04,440 --> 02:55:06,280 CORTEX THAT INVOLVED I DON'T 4180 02:55:06,280 --> 02:55:12,440 THINK IS TRUE. 4181 02:55:12,440 --> 02:55:16,360 >> COMMENT BACK ANYBODY? ALL 4182 02:55:16,360 --> 02:55:22,560 RIGHT. NOTED. MOVING ON TO DR. 4183 02:55:22,560 --> 02:55:22,840 VERHAGEN. 4184 02:55:22,840 --> 02:55:25,120 >> LOOKS LIKE WE HAVE TWO 4185 02:55:25,120 --> 02:55:26,520 DISCUSSIONS RUNNING THROUGH EACH 4186 02:55:26,520 --> 02:55:27,720 OTHER, ONE IS HEARING AND 4187 02:55:27,720 --> 02:55:29,640 ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER IS MODELS. 4188 02:55:29,640 --> 02:55:30,640 PERSONALLY I'M QUITE INTERESTED 4189 02:55:30,640 --> 02:55:34,440 MANY THE MODELS PART BECAUSE I 4190 02:55:34,440 --> 02:55:35,680 HAVE HAD LONG TERM DOUBTS ABOUT 4191 02:55:35,680 --> 02:55:37,000 THE MODELS THAT HAVE BEEN USED 4192 02:55:37,000 --> 02:55:39,360 IN TERMS OF THEIR RELEVANCE TO 4193 02:55:39,360 --> 02:55:40,080 NON-FAMILIAR ALZHEIMER'S 4194 02:55:40,080 --> 02:55:44,120 DISEASE. SO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 4195 02:55:44,120 --> 02:55:47,840 IS VERY SPECIFIC, VERY CAUSAL, 4196 02:55:47,840 --> 02:55:52,440 RELATIONSHIPS TO -- SPECIFIC 4197 02:55:52,440 --> 02:55:54,040 GENETIC FACTORS WHEREAS 4198 02:55:54,040 --> 02:55:56,480 (INAUDIBLE) MUCH MORE 4199 02:55:56,480 --> 02:55:57,520 MULTI-FACTORIAL, LIFESTYLE AGE 4200 02:55:57,520 --> 02:56:00,680 SEX MANY, MANY GENETIC FACTORS. 4201 02:56:00,680 --> 02:56:03,040 SO I GUESS IF WE ARE TALKING 4202 02:56:03,040 --> 02:56:03,920 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IT IS REALLY 4203 02:56:03,920 --> 02:56:06,040 CRITICAL TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WE 4204 02:56:06,040 --> 02:56:07,280 ARE TRYING TO DO AND WHAT WE ARE 4205 02:56:07,280 --> 02:56:12,440 TRYING TO MODEL HERE. AND AS DR. 4206 02:56:12,440 --> 02:56:15,040 SINCLAIR CLARKE SUGGESTED, THERE 4207 02:56:15,040 --> 02:56:17,600 INDEED NO MODELS THERE THAT 4208 02:56:17,600 --> 02:56:20,400 WHERE MOUSE MODELS DIRECTLY 4209 02:56:20,400 --> 02:56:23,600 REPLICATE GENETIC RISK FACTORS 4210 02:56:23,600 --> 02:56:25,560 IN RODENTS AND LIKELY THROUGH 4211 02:56:25,560 --> 02:56:28,720 THE SUPPLEMENT THAT MY LAB WAS 4212 02:56:28,720 --> 02:56:32,920 GIVEN WE HAVE NOW BEEN SCANNING 4213 02:56:32,920 --> 02:56:37,000 APOE FOR TRIM 2 HUMANIZED MICE 4214 02:56:37,000 --> 02:56:38,800 WHICH REPRESENTED GENETIC RISK 4215 02:56:38,800 --> 02:56:44,480 FACTORS. WE FIND JUST LIKE DR. 4216 02:56:44,480 --> 02:56:50,200 HILHILLAIRE CLARKE SAID, 4217 02:56:50,200 --> 02:56:52,440 PHENOTYPINGS BUT IMAGINE YOU CAN 4218 02:56:52,440 --> 02:56:53,920 CONNECT THAT GENETIC RISK FACTOR 4219 02:56:53,920 --> 02:56:55,520 WITH A LIFESTYLE RISK FACTOR AS 4220 02:56:55,520 --> 02:56:58,320 WELL AS AGE AND YOU CAN START 4221 02:56:58,320 --> 02:57:01,800 LOOKING AT WHAT THE CONGLOMERATE 4222 02:57:01,800 --> 02:57:04,440 OF REAL HISTOLOGICALLY RELEVANT 4223 02:57:04,440 --> 02:57:07,720 MODEL MIGHT BE THAT ACTUALLY 4224 02:57:07,720 --> 02:57:09,640 REPLY CASE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE 4225 02:57:09,640 --> 02:57:10,880 THE ACTUAL HUMAN CONDITION OF 4226 02:57:10,880 --> 02:57:12,720 THESE SPORADIC ALZHEIMER'S 4227 02:57:12,720 --> 02:57:16,480 DISEASE SO TOTALLY IN AGREEMENT 4228 02:57:16,480 --> 02:57:18,920 WITH DAN, YOU HAVE SUPER -- YOU 4229 02:57:18,920 --> 02:57:19,880 HAVE TO BE SUPER CAREFUL WHAT 4230 02:57:19,880 --> 02:57:24,400 THE MODELS ARE AND ITS 4231 02:57:24,400 --> 02:57:28,120 LIMITATIONS. AND UNFORTUNATELY, 4232 02:57:28,120 --> 02:57:30,720 I THINK THE MODEL -- THE AMYLOID 4233 02:57:30,720 --> 02:57:32,640 HYPOTHESIS HAS JUST BEEN DAMAGED 4234 02:57:32,640 --> 02:57:36,400 AND WE KNOW THAT BASED ON THE 4235 02:57:36,400 --> 02:57:41,680 LACK OF PRODUCTS FOR SPORADIC 4236 02:57:41,680 --> 02:57:42,920 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SO IT IS 4237 02:57:42,920 --> 02:57:44,200 TIME I THINK, MAYBE A LITTLE 4238 02:57:44,200 --> 02:57:46,160 AHEAD OF THE DISCUSSION BUT IT 4239 02:57:46,160 --> 02:57:48,360 IS TIME TO REALLY THINK ABOUT IF 4240 02:57:48,360 --> 02:57:52,360 THERE IS ONE MODEL THAT IS SUPER 4241 02:57:52,360 --> 02:57:55,240 OR WHETHER MANY APPROACHES ARE 4242 02:57:55,240 --> 02:57:56,480 IMPORTANT, I WOULD ARGUE THAT 4243 02:57:56,480 --> 02:57:59,680 THE LATTER IS PROBABLY THE CASE. 4244 02:57:59,680 --> 02:58:00,480 >> THANK YOU. 4245 02:58:00,480 --> 02:58:04,960 >> THANK YOU. DR. FRIED OKEN 4246 02:58:04,960 --> 02:58:07,720 HAS HER HAND UP, TWO MORE AFTER 4247 02:58:07,720 --> 02:58:08,280 THAT. 4248 02:58:08,280 --> 02:58:10,200 >> AS A CLINICAL RESEARCHER I 4249 02:58:10,200 --> 02:58:12,320 ALSO WANT TO STRESS THAT JUST 4250 02:58:12,320 --> 02:58:13,760 SAYING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS 4251 02:58:13,760 --> 02:58:17,520 NOT ADEQUATE. THAT WE REALLY 4252 02:58:17,520 --> 02:58:23,320 NEED TO BE MUCH MORE VIGILANT, 4253 02:58:23,320 --> 02:58:25,200 LEVEL OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT 4254 02:58:25,200 --> 02:58:29,320 AND DOMAINS, THERE'S SO MANY. 4255 02:58:29,320 --> 02:58:31,920 AND THAT THIS GROUP AS ASUIT 4256 02:58:31,920 --> 02:58:34,040 SCIENTISTS CAN DO THAT, EVEN AT 4257 02:58:34,040 --> 02:58:37,720 THE MECHANISTIC LEVEL, SO I JUST 4258 02:58:37,720 --> 02:58:39,400 LIKE TO PUT IN MY TWO CENTS FOR 4259 02:58:39,400 --> 02:58:41,120 THAT. 4260 02:58:41,120 --> 02:58:44,480 >> THANK YOU. NOTED. 4261 02:58:44,480 --> 02:58:51,680 >> SORRY FOR THE NAME. BIESCZAD. 4262 02:58:51,680 --> 02:58:52,720 >> CHALLENGE OF READING 4263 02:58:52,720 --> 02:58:53,800 EVERYBODY'S NAMES. THANK YOU. 4264 02:58:53,800 --> 02:58:55,160 >> SAY IT AGAIN. 4265 02:58:55,160 --> 02:59:03,640 >> BIESZCZAD. MY STUDENTS CALL 4266 02:59:03,640 --> 02:59:04,880 ME C B. WELCOME TO DO THE SAME. 4267 02:59:04,880 --> 02:59:05,920 I WANT TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS 4268 02:59:05,920 --> 02:59:07,280 IDEA OF MODELS WHEN WE THINK OF 4269 02:59:07,280 --> 02:59:08,920 MODELS WE USUALLY IN THE CONTEXT 4270 02:59:08,920 --> 02:59:11,320 OF AD START THINKING ABOUT WHICH 4271 02:59:11,320 --> 02:59:13,200 GENES AND HOW MANY GENES AND HOW 4272 02:59:13,200 --> 02:59:14,960 MUCH PLAQUE ARE WE MAKING, HOW 4273 02:59:14,960 --> 02:59:17,120 MUCH TAU. AND OF CURSE THAT'S 4274 02:59:17,120 --> 02:59:18,520 IMPORTANT. I THINK COMPLIMENTARY 4275 02:59:18,520 --> 02:59:20,240 IS THIS IDEA OF WHAT TYPE OF 4276 02:59:20,240 --> 02:59:22,200 BEHAVIORAL MODELS SHOULD WE 4277 02:59:22,200 --> 02:59:24,400 INTRODUCE. WHAT IS RELEVANT ON 4278 02:59:24,400 --> 02:59:26,280 THE BEHAVIORAL LEVEL. THERE IS 4279 02:59:26,280 --> 02:59:28,360 ALREADY SOME DISCUSSION EARLIER 4280 02:59:28,360 --> 02:59:31,160 THIS AFTERNOON, ABOUT ABR 4281 02:59:31,160 --> 02:59:33,080 HEARING THRESHOLDS, GIVING US 4282 02:59:33,080 --> 02:59:34,440 PART OF THE STORY BUT NOT THE 4283 02:59:34,440 --> 02:59:36,440 COMPLETE STORY OF IMPAIRMENT. T 4284 02:59:36,440 --> 02:59:37,520 AND THAT IS LIKE THE HEARING 4285 02:59:37,520 --> 02:59:39,760 SIDE. I THINK WE WOULD BE REALLY 4286 02:59:39,760 --> 02:59:41,080 WISE TO THINK ABOUT WHAT TYPES 4287 02:59:41,080 --> 02:59:43,520 OF BEHAVIORS CAN WE MODEL 4288 02:59:43,520 --> 02:59:45,120 ANIMALS THAT ARE RELEVANT TO 4289 02:59:45,120 --> 02:59:46,960 HUMANS IN THE CLINICAL SETTING 4290 02:59:46,960 --> 02:59:48,400 AND WHETHER WE CAN THEN GET AT 4291 02:59:48,400 --> 02:59:50,080 THIS QUESTION ALSO OF CAUSALITY 4292 02:59:50,080 --> 02:59:53,120 BY USING THE ANIMAL MODEL. SO I 4293 02:59:53,120 --> 02:59:56,520 DON'T HAVE AN ANSWER. BUT THIS 4294 02:59:56,520 --> 02:59:57,800 GROUP IS CLEVER ENOUGH TO THINK 4295 02:59:57,800 --> 02:59:58,920 ABOUT WHAT ARE THE TYPE OF 4296 02:59:58,920 --> 03:00:01,960 BEHAVIORS WE HAVE TO ALSO START 4297 03:00:01,960 --> 03:00:04,720 TAKING MORE ADVANTAGE OF TO 4298 03:00:04,720 --> 03:00:05,720 ADDRESS THESE INTERACTIONS 4299 03:00:05,720 --> 03:00:07,680 BETWEEN HEARING AND MEMORY 4300 03:00:07,680 --> 03:00:11,720 COGNITION. 4301 03:00:11,720 --> 03:00:15,720 >> DEFINITELY A CHALLENGE CHALLENGE. CHALL ENGE. LIKE 4302 03:00:15,720 --> 03:00:16,920 WRITING POETRY, DR. WHITE YOU 4303 03:00:16,920 --> 03:00:17,920 LOWERED YOUR HAND. 4304 03:00:17,920 --> 03:00:20,000 >> BECAUSE DR. B SAID EXACTLY 4305 03:00:20,000 --> 03:00:21,680 WHAT I WANTED TO SAY. SO MUCH 4306 03:00:21,680 --> 03:00:22,760 BETTER. 4307 03:00:22,760 --> 03:00:27,680 >> THANK YOU. NEXT WOULD BE DR. 4308 03:00:27,680 --> 03:00:30,680 KUSHALNAGAR. PLEASE UNMUTE. OH. 4309 03:00:30,680 --> 03:00:32,120 SORRY. 4310 03:00:32,120 --> 03:00:32,760 >> YES, I WOULD ACTUALLY JUST 4311 03:00:32,760 --> 03:00:33,680 LIKE TO COMMENT ON THE 4312 03:00:33,680 --> 03:00:34,560 METHODOLOGY WHEN YOU ARE 4313 03:00:34,560 --> 03:00:35,960 STUDYING PEOPLE WITH A HEARING 4314 03:00:35,960 --> 03:00:37,200 LOSS WHAT YOU HAVE TO TRY TO 4315 03:00:37,200 --> 03:00:40,040 CONNECT IS HEARING LOSS WITH 4316 03:00:40,040 --> 03:00:41,560 DEMENTIA AND/OR ARE YOU WANTING 4317 03:00:41,560 --> 03:00:42,920 TO SHOW THAT THERE IS NO 4318 03:00:42,920 --> 03:00:44,760 CONNECTION. I THINK IT IS WORTH 4319 03:00:44,760 --> 03:00:47,640 INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WHO ARE BORN 4320 03:00:47,640 --> 03:00:49,480 DEAF AND/OR LOSE THEIR HEARING 4321 03:00:49,480 --> 03:00:51,480 VERY EARLY IN LIFE. IT IS WORTH 4322 03:00:51,480 --> 03:00:53,760 IT FOR US NOT TO LIMIT TO PEOPLE 4323 03:00:53,760 --> 03:00:54,720 WHO ARE AGING AND LOSING THEIR 4324 03:00:54,720 --> 03:00:55,960 HEARING BECAUSE OF THAT. I THINK 4325 03:00:55,960 --> 03:00:58,480 IT ALLOWS FOR SIGNIFICANT BIAS 4326 03:00:58,480 --> 03:01:00,200 AND IT DOESN'T CONNECT 4327 03:01:00,200 --> 03:01:01,720 RELATIONSHIP IN ALL THE WAYS 4328 03:01:01,720 --> 03:01:03,760 SHAPES AND FORMS. SO I WOULD 4329 03:01:03,760 --> 03:01:04,840 RECOMMEND THAT FOLKS WHO ARE 4330 03:01:04,840 --> 03:01:08,200 EITHER CONGENITALLY DEAF AND/OR 4331 03:01:08,200 --> 03:01:10,920 LATER -- VERY EARLY IN LIFE LOSE 4332 03:01:10,920 --> 03:01:13,120 HEARING. THERE IS DATA 200,000 4333 03:01:13,120 --> 03:01:15,280 INDIVIDUALS WHO LOST THEIR 4334 03:01:15,280 --> 03:01:16,640 HEARING EITHER PRE-LINGUALLY OR 4335 03:01:16,640 --> 03:01:18,320 AT BIRTH. AND THE DIFFERENCE 4336 03:01:18,320 --> 03:01:19,280 BETWEEN WHAT YOU ARE USING AS 4337 03:01:19,280 --> 03:01:20,920 THE TERM OF HEARING LOSS, 4338 03:01:20,920 --> 03:01:23,520 WHETHER IT MEANS DECIBEL OR AGE 4339 03:01:23,520 --> 03:01:25,360 ONSET IS SIGNIFICANT AS WELL. 4340 03:01:25,360 --> 03:01:28,160 AND I DON'T SEE ANY RELATIONSHIP 4341 03:01:28,160 --> 03:01:29,720 BETWEEN THAT AND THE REPORT 4342 03:01:29,720 --> 03:01:31,560 COGNITIVE DECLINE. WHAT I DID 4343 03:01:31,560 --> 03:01:34,280 SEE HOWEVER IS MORE RELATED TO 4344 03:01:34,280 --> 03:01:37,840 LANGUAGE USE. AND NOT THE ONSET 4345 03:01:37,840 --> 03:01:39,800 OF THE HEARING LOSS ITSELF SO I 4346 03:01:39,800 --> 03:01:41,760 WOULD LOVE FOR ALL OF US HERE 4347 03:01:41,760 --> 03:01:44,080 SHARING THIS DIGITAL SPACE TO 4348 03:01:44,080 --> 03:01:45,560 CONSIDER THAT IN FUTURE STUDIES 4349 03:01:45,560 --> 03:01:49,920 TO HELP CLARIFY YOUR FINDINGS. 4350 03:01:49,920 --> 03:01:55,280 >> YEAH. NOTED. THERE IS A NICE 4351 03:01:55,280 --> 03:01:56,480 COMMENT IN THE CHAT YOU CAN 4352 03:01:56,480 --> 03:02:00,160 READ. WE WILL GO TO DR. STEEL 4353 03:02:00,160 --> 03:02:04,360 USING RDOC SORRY. 4354 03:02:04,360 --> 03:02:06,520 >> I WOULD LIKE TO SAY WHERE IS 4355 03:02:06,520 --> 03:02:09,080 THAT MODEL, I REALLY DISLIKE 4356 03:02:09,080 --> 03:02:11,400 THAT TERM AND I AVOID IT 4357 03:02:11,400 --> 03:02:12,440 WHEREVER POSSIBLE. I THINK IT IS 4358 03:02:12,440 --> 03:02:16,800 VERY MISLEADING TO USE THE WORD 4359 03:02:16,800 --> 03:02:19,240 MODEL BECAUSE MY -- THEY ARE 4360 03:02:19,240 --> 03:02:21,600 NEVER GOING TO BE ADEQUATE MODEL 4361 03:02:21,600 --> 03:02:24,480 FOR HUMAN DISEASE, I DON'T THINK 4362 03:02:24,480 --> 03:02:28,240 ANY HUMAN DISEASE, ONLY 4363 03:02:28,240 --> 03:02:31,400 COMPLICATED ONE IN INTERVENTION, 4364 03:02:31,400 --> 03:02:34,880 -- DISEASES SEEM VERY 4365 03:02:34,880 --> 03:02:35,480 HETEROGENOUS, DEAFNESS HEARING 4366 03:02:35,480 --> 03:02:38,160 LOSS IS EXTREMELY HETEROGENOUS, 4367 03:02:38,160 --> 03:02:39,720 THERE'S HUNDREDS OF GENES 4368 03:02:39,720 --> 03:02:41,080 INVOLVED, LOTS OF MOLECULAR 4369 03:02:41,080 --> 03:02:43,360 MECHANISMS AND PATHOLOGICAL 4370 03:02:43,360 --> 03:02:44,920 MECHANISMS, IT IS NOT A SINGLE 4371 03:02:44,920 --> 03:02:47,720 ENTITY. IT IS VERY HETEROGENOUS. 4372 03:02:47,720 --> 03:02:49,240 AND FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND 4373 03:02:49,240 --> 03:02:52,960 DEMENTIA IS THE SAME, THERE ARE 4374 03:02:52,960 --> 03:02:55,960 MANY DIFFERENT PARTICULAR TYPES 4375 03:02:55,960 --> 03:02:57,720 MECHANISMS LIKELY TO BE 4376 03:02:57,720 --> 03:02:59,200 MECHANISMS INVOLVED SO THE 4377 03:02:59,200 --> 03:03:00,440 CONCEPT OF A MODEL PARTICULARLY 4378 03:03:00,440 --> 03:03:03,840 LOOKING FOR A SINGLE MODEL IS 4379 03:03:03,840 --> 03:03:07,160 FLAWED. WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT 4380 03:03:07,160 --> 03:03:08,240 MICE MUTANTS, DIFFERENT MICE 4381 03:03:08,240 --> 03:03:09,720 DIFFERENCE WAYS OF LOOKING AT 4382 03:03:09,720 --> 03:03:11,720 MICE AS TOOLS FOR FRYING TO 4383 03:03:11,720 --> 03:03:12,360 UNDERSTAND -- TRYING TO 4384 03:03:12,360 --> 03:03:13,880 UNDERSTAND ONE FEATURE AT A 4385 03:03:13,880 --> 03:03:15,440 TIME. RATHER THAN TRYING TO 4386 03:03:15,440 --> 03:03:17,360 MODEL THE WHOLE PHENOTYPE. AND 4387 03:03:17,360 --> 03:03:21,400 THAT IS TRUE FOR HEARING LOSS 4388 03:03:21,400 --> 03:03:23,360 DEMENTIA AND RELATIONSHIP 4389 03:03:23,360 --> 03:03:24,520 BETWEEN TWO. THAT IS MY TWO 4390 03:03:24,520 --> 03:03:25,840 CENTS WORTH WHAT I THINK ABOUT 4391 03:03:25,840 --> 03:03:30,480 MODELS, I THINK IT IS A FLAWED 4392 03:03:30,480 --> 03:03:34,440 CONCEPT MODEL. TOOLS NOT MODELS. 4393 03:03:34,440 --> 03:03:37,280 >> DR. BUCKEY. 4394 03:03:37,280 --> 03:03:39,240 >> JUST CONTINUE TALKING ABOUT 4395 03:03:39,240 --> 03:03:44,280 MODELS. WHAT DR. B WAS SAYING, 4396 03:03:44,280 --> 03:03:46,520 WHAT WE SEE WITH OR COMPLEX 4397 03:03:46,520 --> 03:03:50,200 AUDITORY TASKS, ASSOCIATION WITH 4398 03:03:50,200 --> 03:03:51,880 PROCESSING SPEED, THE ABILITY TO 4399 03:03:51,880 --> 03:03:53,120 MAINTAIN ATTENTION, IN THESE 4400 03:03:53,120 --> 03:03:56,040 ANIMAL MODELS I DON'T KNOW HOW 4401 03:03:56,040 --> 03:03:57,560 YOU CAN SIMULATE THAT, THAT IS 4402 03:03:57,560 --> 03:04:00,200 THE -- THERE MUST BE A WAY BUT 4403 03:04:00,200 --> 03:04:01,920 SEEMS LIKE THINGS LOOKING AT ABR 4404 03:04:01,920 --> 03:04:03,880 OR STUFF LIKE THAT IS NOT 4405 03:04:03,880 --> 03:04:06,160 NECESSARILY GOING TO BE TAXING 4406 03:04:06,160 --> 03:04:08,240 THE BRAIN SAME WAY THINGS LIKE 4407 03:04:08,240 --> 03:04:08,880 UNDERSTANDING SPEECH AND 4408 03:04:08,880 --> 03:04:13,520 BACKGROUND NOISE. SO I JUST BE 4409 03:04:13,520 --> 03:04:15,400 INTERESTED IN PEOPLE WHO DO 4410 03:04:15,400 --> 03:04:16,040 ANIMAL MODELING HOW THEY THINK 4411 03:04:16,040 --> 03:04:17,320 WOULD BE THE BEST APPROACH TO 4412 03:04:17,320 --> 03:04:23,480 THINGS LIKE THAT. 4413 03:04:23,480 --> 03:04:25,720 >> WELL MAYBE PEOPLE CAN PUT THE 4414 03:04:25,720 --> 03:04:30,760 ANSWER IN THE CHAT AND WE CAN GO 4415 03:04:30,760 --> 03:04:31,640 TO MIKE WEHR IF YOU WOULD LIKE 4416 03:04:31,640 --> 03:04:34,120 THE ANSWER OR ASK A NEW 4417 03:04:34,120 --> 03:04:34,360 QUESTION. 4418 03:04:34,360 --> 03:04:35,360 >> I WANT TO COMMENT ON THE 4419 03:04:35,360 --> 03:04:36,560 QUESTION OF MODELS AND 4420 03:04:36,560 --> 03:04:38,240 BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS AS WELL. 4421 03:04:38,240 --> 03:04:40,720 THERE'S SO MANY DIFFERENT MODEL 4422 03:04:40,720 --> 03:04:42,120 MICE, IT IS A CHALLENGE TO TRY 4423 03:04:42,120 --> 03:04:43,920 TO FIGURE OUT WHICH TO USE. AND 4424 03:04:43,920 --> 03:04:45,680 THEN A CHALLENGE TO FIGURE OUT 4425 03:04:45,680 --> 03:04:47,760 WHICH BEHAVIORAL TASK OR SUITE 4426 03:04:47,760 --> 03:04:50,720 OF BEHAVIORAL TASKS OR 4427 03:04:50,720 --> 03:04:51,920 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL 4428 03:04:51,920 --> 03:04:54,040 MEASUREMENTS TO USE. IT IS 4429 03:04:54,040 --> 03:04:55,560 EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE TO TRY AND 4430 03:04:55,560 --> 03:04:58,080 COMPARE BUNCH OF MICE IN YOUR 4431 03:04:58,080 --> 03:05:00,400 OWN LAB. LET ALONE BUNCH OF 4432 03:05:00,400 --> 03:05:03,200 BEHAVIORAL TASKS. SO SEEMS TO ME 4433 03:05:03,200 --> 03:05:04,320 THE REAL POWER OF THE GROUP WE 4434 03:05:04,320 --> 03:05:07,000 HAVE SIMPLE -- ASSEMBLED HERE IS 4435 03:05:07,000 --> 03:05:09,920 WE CAN CREATE COLLABORATION 4436 03:05:09,920 --> 03:05:11,600 WHERE WE USE CONSISTENT SET OF 4437 03:05:11,600 --> 03:05:14,200 BEHAVIORAL TASKS ACROSS VARIETY 4438 03:05:14,200 --> 03:05:16,720 OF DIFFERENT MODELS AND TRY TO 4439 03:05:16,720 --> 03:05:18,920 BRING THOSE HEAD TO HEAD BECAUSE 4440 03:05:18,920 --> 03:05:20,760 IF PEOPLE DON'T COLLABORATE, 4441 03:05:20,760 --> 03:05:22,520 THEY USE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT 4442 03:05:22,520 --> 03:05:26,920 VARIATION OF TASKS OR DIFFERENT 4443 03:05:26,920 --> 03:05:28,120 GENETIC BACKGROUNDS, HOW 4444 03:05:28,120 --> 03:05:30,760 IMPORTANT IT IS TO BE CLEARED BY 4445 03:05:30,760 --> 03:05:33,080 EXACTLY WHICH GENETIC BACKGROUND 4446 03:05:33,080 --> 03:05:36,560 YOU USE, EVEN WITH SPECIFIC 4447 03:05:36,560 --> 03:05:38,680 MODELS, TO GET ALL THOSE THINGS 4448 03:05:38,680 --> 03:05:40,520 STRAIGHT REQUIRES COLLABORATION 4449 03:05:40,520 --> 03:05:45,080 AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AHEAD OF 4450 03:05:45,080 --> 03:05:46,000 TIME AND THIS GROUP CAN SUPPORT 4451 03:05:46,000 --> 03:05:46,200 THAT. 4452 03:05:46,200 --> 03:05:47,600 >> AGREE. THAT WAS THE 4453 03:05:47,600 --> 03:05:49,040 MOTIVATION TO HAVE Y'ALL COME 4454 03:05:49,040 --> 03:05:51,000 TOGETHER AND BEGIN TO CONNECT. 4455 03:05:51,000 --> 03:05:55,240 SO YEP. I NODE WE HAVE TWO MORE 4456 03:05:55,240 --> 03:05:57,320 MINUTES TO GO. BRIAN HAS A 4457 03:05:57,320 --> 03:05:58,720 COMMENT. GOING TO 4:25 THEN 4458 03:05:58,720 --> 03:06:00,240 BREAK. 4459 03:06:00,240 --> 03:06:02,400 >> VERY QUICKLY, SHARING DATA 4460 03:06:02,400 --> 03:06:04,920 MOUSE MODELS, BE ALSO GREAT IF 4461 03:06:04,920 --> 03:06:06,720 PEOPLE WOULD DO MORE SHARING OF 4462 03:06:06,720 --> 03:06:08,440 LANGUAGE DATA. SO I MEAN, THERE 4463 03:06:08,440 --> 03:06:10,520 MUST BE ABOUT FIVE PROJECTS HERE 4464 03:06:10,520 --> 03:06:13,960 WHO CONTRIBUTE THEIR DATA. AND 4465 03:06:13,960 --> 03:06:16,400 THERE IS ENORMOUS WORK GOING ON 4466 03:06:16,400 --> 03:06:19,200 FROM APPLE GOOGLE FACEBOOK, IN 4467 03:06:19,200 --> 03:06:21,960 TERMS OF THEIR WORK ON THIS 4468 03:06:21,960 --> 03:06:25,520 PROBLEM TOO TOO. SOMETHING TO THINK 4469 03:06:25,520 --> 03:06:26,120 ABOUT. 4470 03:06:26,120 --> 03:06:30,960 >> OKAY. ONE FINAL -- THE HAND 4471 03:06:30,960 --> 03:06:35,040 WENT AWAY. THERE YOU. DR. ZHAO 4472 03:06:35,040 --> 03:06:36,040 ONE FINAL COMMENT. 4473 03:06:36,040 --> 03:06:39,880 >> YES. I COMPLETELY AGREE 4474 03:06:39,880 --> 03:06:42,240 MIKE'S COMMENTS WE SHOULD BE 4475 03:06:42,240 --> 03:06:45,120 COME TOGETHER AND ANOTHER ISSUE 4476 03:06:45,120 --> 03:06:52,240 IS OUR EMPHASIS DIFFERENT AD 4477 03:06:52,240 --> 03:06:53,000 MOUSE MODELS EVERY MOUSE MODEL 4478 03:06:53,000 --> 03:06:58,120 CAN BE PROVIDE DIFFERENT 4479 03:06:58,120 --> 03:07:01,600 VARIABLE INFORMATION TO US. AND 4480 03:07:01,600 --> 03:07:04,840 I ALSO WANT TO EMPHASIZE NOW 4481 03:07:04,840 --> 03:07:06,280 (INAUDIBLE) MOUSE MODEL FOR 4482 03:07:06,280 --> 03:07:07,520 EXAMPLE, RIGHT MOW WE STILL 4483 03:07:07,520 --> 03:07:13,800 DON'T KNOW WHAT IS,D INDUCED 4484 03:07:13,800 --> 03:07:17,080 BETWEEN AD HEARING CHANGES AND 4485 03:07:17,080 --> 03:07:21,600 AGING HEARING LOSS BUT IN THE 4486 03:07:21,600 --> 03:07:23,760 HUMAN SUBJECT HARD TO 4487 03:07:23,760 --> 03:07:26,440 DISTINGUISH THESE TWO ISSUES. 4488 03:07:26,440 --> 03:07:28,320 BECAUSE OLDER PEOPLE IS ALWAYS 4489 03:07:28,320 --> 03:07:30,400 HAVE SOME AGE RELATED -- MOUSE 4490 03:07:30,400 --> 03:07:33,800 OR MAYBE THEY ALSO HAVE AD 4491 03:07:33,800 --> 03:07:37,120 RELATED IN MOUSE. SO YOU LOOK AT 4492 03:07:37,120 --> 03:07:39,560 LITERATURE AND SO SOME SAID OH, 4493 03:07:39,560 --> 03:07:42,160 THEY HAVE A LIKE AD INDUCED 4494 03:07:42,160 --> 03:07:44,280 HEARING LOSS AND SOME PEOPLE 4495 03:07:44,280 --> 03:07:47,280 SAID OH NOTHING AND MAYBE THE 4496 03:07:47,280 --> 03:07:49,000 (INAUDIBLE) MOUSE SO FOR HUMAN 4497 03:07:49,000 --> 03:07:53,520 SUBJECTS I THINK IS SO DIFFICULT 4498 03:07:53,520 --> 03:07:55,000 TO DISTINGUISH THESE ISSUES BUT 4499 03:07:55,000 --> 03:07:58,880 FOR THE MOUSE MODEL ACTUALLY 4500 03:07:58,880 --> 03:08:00,080 RELATIVELY SIMPLE SO AGREE FOR 4501 03:08:00,080 --> 03:08:04,400 THE MOUSE MODEL HAVING 4502 03:08:04,400 --> 03:08:06,160 (INAUDIBLE) FOR EVERY STUDY 4503 03:08:06,160 --> 03:08:10,840 INITIAL STEP WE CAN BE USE MOUSE 4504 03:08:10,840 --> 03:08:15,080 MODEL. THE NEXT STEP WE CAN GO 4505 03:08:15,080 --> 03:08:16,400 AHEAD O TO HUMAN SUBJECTS IF WE 4506 03:08:16,400 --> 03:08:20,080 CAN DEFINE WHAT IS DIFFERENCE 4507 03:08:20,080 --> 03:08:22,840 BETWEEN THE AD INDUCED CHANGES 4508 03:08:22,840 --> 03:08:24,160 ALSO AGING RELATED PANELS. 4509 03:08:24,160 --> 03:08:26,720 >> THANK YOU. IT IS 4:25 AND WE 4510 03:08:26,720 --> 03:08:28,320 ARE SUPPOSED TO BREAK. I SEE 4511 03:08:28,320 --> 03:08:30,600 YOU, DR. WHITE BUT LET'S TAKE A 4512 03:08:30,600 --> 03:08:34,000 FIVE MINUTE BREAK SO THAT WE CAN 4513 03:08:34,000 --> 03:08:35,240 RESUME AS INDICATED FOR THE LAST 4514 03:08:35,240 --> 03:08:41,400 PIECE. ON THE AGENDA. 4515 03:08:41,400 --> 03:08:45,280 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4516 03:08:45,280 --> 03:08:50,160 >>ON BEHALF OF MY NIA 4517 03:08:50,160 --> 03:08:52,520 COLLEAGUE, DR. CORYSE ST. 4518 03:08:52,520 --> 03:08:55,600 HILLAIRE CLARKE AND I, THANK YOU 4519 03:08:55,600 --> 03:08:57,520 FOR THE PRESENTATIONS AND YOUR 4520 03:08:57,520 --> 03:08:58,320 PARTICIPATION. YOUR THOUGHTS 4521 03:08:58,320 --> 03:09:00,880 YOUR IDEAS TODAY AND FOR STAYING 4522 03:09:00,880 --> 03:09:01,840 ON TIME SO WE CAN REACH THIS 4523 03:09:01,840 --> 03:09:08,960 POINT. WE DO HAVE ONE MORE 4524 03:09:08,960 --> 03:09:11,160 REQUEST ENTERING THE HOME 4525 03:09:11,160 --> 03:09:13,160 STRETCH, THAT'S DISCUSSION ABOUT 4526 03:09:13,160 --> 03:09:14,080 FUTURE POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS 4527 03:09:14,080 --> 03:09:16,560 RELATED TO AD ADRD RESEARCH AND 4528 03:09:16,560 --> 03:09:18,400 COMMUNICATION DISORDERS. CORYSE 4529 03:09:18,400 --> 03:09:19,960 AND I WANT TO HEAR YOUR COMMENTS 4530 03:09:19,960 --> 03:09:21,320 AND YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THE 4531 03:09:21,320 --> 03:09:22,480 QUESTIONS THAT WE SENT YOU 4532 03:09:22,480 --> 03:09:23,480 EARLIER THIS WEEK AND WE ARE 4533 03:09:23,480 --> 03:09:27,360 GOING TO SEE THOSE ON THE SLIDE 4534 03:09:27,360 --> 03:09:34,880 MAYBE NOW. WHAT WERE THE BIGGEST 4535 03:09:34,880 --> 03:09:36,280 CHALLENGES AS YOU EXABOUTED YOUR 4536 03:09:36,280 --> 03:09:39,520 WORK INTO AD ADRD RELATED 4537 03:09:39,520 --> 03:09:40,520 SCIENCE AND WHAT WERE THE 4538 03:09:40,520 --> 03:09:42,960 LESSONS THAT YOU LEARNED THAT 4539 03:09:42,960 --> 03:09:44,080 MAYBE WILL BE OF BENEFIT TO 4540 03:09:44,080 --> 03:09:45,840 OTHERS WHO ARE EXPLORING THIS 4541 03:09:45,840 --> 03:09:47,600 AREA? SO THE NEXT ISSUE IS WHAT 4542 03:09:47,600 --> 03:09:50,880 IS THE MOST EXCITING FUTURE 4543 03:09:50,880 --> 03:09:52,320 DIRECTION YOU CONSIDER OR 4544 03:09:52,320 --> 03:09:53,840 CERTAINLY IN YOUR OPINION THAT 4545 03:09:53,840 --> 03:09:57,400 HAS POTENTIAL TO ADVANCE AND 4546 03:09:57,400 --> 03:09:58,760 MAYBE BE FEASIBLE WITHIN THE 4547 03:09:58,760 --> 03:10:00,600 NEXT FIVE TO TEN YEARS? AND THEN 4548 03:10:00,600 --> 03:10:03,080 THE FINAL ISSUE WE WANT TO TALK 4549 03:10:03,080 --> 03:10:05,440 ABOUT IS WHAT ARE THE BEST WAYS 4550 03:10:05,440 --> 03:10:07,680 AND NOTE THERE IS A LITTLE 4551 03:10:07,680 --> 03:10:08,880 ASTERISK INDICATING THAT THIS IS 4552 03:10:08,880 --> 03:10:10,840 NOT JUST ADDITIONAL DOLLARS BUT 4553 03:10:10,840 --> 03:10:14,160 WHAT ARE THE BEST NON-MONETARY 4554 03:10:14,160 --> 03:10:16,680 WAYS THAT WE AT THE NIH BUT NOT 4555 03:10:16,680 --> 03:10:19,080 ONLY NIH, CAN HELP PROMOTE 4556 03:10:19,080 --> 03:10:20,280 COLLABORATIONS WE HAVE TALKED 4557 03:10:20,280 --> 03:10:21,840 ABOUT IN SOME OF YOU HAVE BEEN 4558 03:10:21,840 --> 03:10:27,280 VERY SUCCESSFUL IN OBTAINING. 4559 03:10:27,280 --> 03:10:32,160 WHO WORKING NOT ONLY CD BUT AK 4560 03:10:32,160 --> 03:10:34,200 ADRD TO ACCELERATE SCIENCE AND 4561 03:10:34,200 --> 03:10:37,720 SLIDE TO IMPROVEMENTS IN HUMAN 4562 03:10:37,720 --> 03:10:38,880 HEALTH. I WANT TO START WITH THE 4563 03:10:38,880 --> 03:10:40,800 BIGGEST CHALLENGES THAT YOU FEEL 4564 03:10:40,800 --> 03:10:43,080 LIKE YOU FACE AND ANY LESSONS 4565 03:10:43,080 --> 03:10:47,080 LEARNED, AND I ASK THAT YOU USE 4566 03:10:47,080 --> 03:10:50,920 YOUR VIRTUAL HAND TO RAISE AND 4567 03:10:50,920 --> 03:10:54,880 TRY TO TURN ON VIDEO WHEN READY 4568 03:10:54,880 --> 03:10:58,200 TO SPEAK. SWATHI FOR YOU FIRST. 4569 03:10:58,200 --> 03:11:01,840 >> THANK YOU. 4570 03:11:01,840 --> 03:11:04,280 >> I THINK JAMIE ANSWERED MY 4571 03:11:04,280 --> 03:11:06,920 QUESTION ABOUT CHALLENGES 4572 03:11:06,920 --> 03:11:07,720 ESPECIALLY DURING COVID BECAME 4573 03:11:07,720 --> 03:11:09,280 ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ANY 4574 03:11:09,280 --> 03:11:12,280 HUMAN STUDY AND I THINK THAT WE 4575 03:11:12,280 --> 03:11:15,120 HAVE TO FIGURE OUT OTHER WAYS TO 4576 03:11:15,120 --> 03:11:16,560 DO THIS WORK THAT IS IMPORTANT. 4577 03:11:16,560 --> 03:11:20,680 T BUT WHAT I THINK IS A 4578 03:11:20,680 --> 03:11:23,880 EXCITEMENT OR POTENTIAL 4579 03:11:23,880 --> 03:11:24,480 OPPORTUNITY P BRIAN MENTIONED 4580 03:11:24,480 --> 03:11:26,920 THIS, I WANT TO QUOTE THIS IS AT 4581 03:11:26,920 --> 03:11:28,520 LEAST IN HUMAN COMMUNICATION IN 4582 03:11:28,520 --> 03:11:31,800 LANGUAGE AND COGNITION, THE 4583 03:11:31,800 --> 03:11:33,400 TECHNOLOGY THAT IS MOVING REALLY 4584 03:11:33,400 --> 03:11:35,480 FAST IN TERMS OF ALEXA AND 4585 03:11:35,480 --> 03:11:38,200 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 4586 03:11:38,200 --> 03:11:39,960 ALGORITHMS IS MAKING A LOT 4587 03:11:39,960 --> 03:11:41,680 EASIER FOR US TO COLLECT DATA AS 4588 03:11:41,680 --> 03:11:44,760 PEOPLE ARE TALKING AND 4589 03:11:44,760 --> 03:11:47,400 INTERACTING AND USING THAT TO 4590 03:11:47,400 --> 03:11:48,320 DETECT DEMENTIA SO THIS IS 4591 03:11:48,320 --> 03:11:51,520 SPECIFIC TO OUR SUBGROUP TALKING 4592 03:11:51,520 --> 03:11:53,760 LANGUAGE COGNITION AND 4593 03:11:53,760 --> 03:11:54,680 COMMUNICATION. IT IS A HUGE 4594 03:11:54,680 --> 03:11:55,840 OPPORTUNITY FOR US AND LOOKING 4595 03:11:55,840 --> 03:11:57,960 FORWARD FOR US TO NOT BE TRYING 4596 03:11:57,960 --> 03:11:59,480 TO COLLECT DATA IN THE LAB BUT 4597 03:11:59,480 --> 03:12:01,360 ONE PATIENT AT A TIME AND 4598 03:12:01,360 --> 03:12:02,480 COLLECTING A LOT MORE DATA IN 4599 03:12:02,480 --> 03:12:04,640 REAL WORLD SETTINGS AND USING 4600 03:12:04,640 --> 03:12:08,560 THAT TO DIAGNOSE AND HELP THESE 4601 03:12:08,560 --> 03:12:08,920 PATIENTS. 4602 03:12:08,920 --> 03:12:11,960 >> THANK YOU. BRIAN. 4603 03:12:11,960 --> 03:12:13,760 >> SURE. I THINK OF COURSE THAT 4604 03:12:13,760 --> 03:12:16,800 IS RIGHT, I THINK THERE IS ALSO 4605 03:12:16,800 --> 03:12:18,480 THE INTEREST IN FINDING OTHER 4606 03:12:18,480 --> 03:12:21,120 THINGS BESIDES LANGUAGE THAT WE 4607 03:12:21,120 --> 03:12:23,600 CAN GATHER TYPES OF DATA WE CAN 4608 03:12:23,600 --> 03:12:28,840 GATHER WITH LANGUAGE, THAT WOULD 4609 03:12:28,840 --> 03:12:30,240 INDICATE PROGRESSION AND WE NEED 4610 03:12:30,240 --> 03:12:31,400 EVENTUALLY IF THERE IS GOING TO 4611 03:12:31,400 --> 03:12:33,520 BE TREATMENT WE NEED TO KNOW THE 4612 03:12:33,520 --> 03:12:37,680 PRE AND THE POST. WE HAVE TO 4613 03:12:37,680 --> 03:12:39,240 HAVE PRETTY GOOD PSYCHO METRICS 4614 03:12:39,240 --> 03:12:41,280 TO KNOW WHETHER THE TREATMENT IS 4615 03:12:41,280 --> 03:12:44,040 DOING ANYTHING. BUT I THINK THAT 4616 03:12:44,040 --> 03:12:46,680 THERE IS A LOT OF INTEREST IN 4617 03:12:46,680 --> 03:12:48,200 PUTTING TOGETHER WEARABLES AND 4618 03:12:48,200 --> 03:12:51,400 OTHER DEVICES THAT ARE GOING TO 4619 03:12:51,400 --> 03:12:53,840 BE EASY ENTRY, SOME OF THESE 4620 03:12:53,840 --> 03:12:54,520 OTHER THINGS OTHER MEASURES 4621 03:12:54,520 --> 03:12:56,000 PEOPLE HAVE USED ARE GOING TO BE 4622 03:12:56,000 --> 03:12:57,840 MUCH MORE DIFFICULT. SO THE 4623 03:12:57,840 --> 03:13:00,120 THINGS THAT ARE EASY FOR PEOPLE 4624 03:13:00,120 --> 03:13:04,440 TO WEAR, TO REPORT, AND THEN AT 4625 03:13:04,440 --> 03:13:05,640 THE SAME TIME BUT THEY HAVE TO 4626 03:13:05,640 --> 03:13:07,080 BE INDICATIVE SO YOU HAVE A 4627 03:13:07,080 --> 03:13:09,000 TRADE OFF. THERE MAYBE SOME 4628 03:13:09,000 --> 03:13:11,680 INDICATIVE THINGS THAT HARD TO 4629 03:13:11,680 --> 03:13:12,280 FIND, SOME BRAIN RESPONSES AND 4630 03:13:12,280 --> 03:13:17,000 SO ON. SO I JUST THINK PUTTING 4631 03:13:17,000 --> 03:13:18,680 THIS ALL TOGETHER NOT JUST 4632 03:13:18,680 --> 03:13:20,760 LANGUAGE STUFF BUT ADD ON 4633 03:13:20,760 --> 03:13:21,760 LANGUAGE STUFF MANY OTHER 4634 03:13:21,760 --> 03:13:23,280 MEASURES, WHAT A LOT OF PEOPLE 4635 03:13:23,280 --> 03:13:25,800 ARE TRYING TO DO ACTUALLY, MORE 4636 03:13:25,800 --> 03:13:28,560 COMMERCIAL SIDE. WE SHOULD BE 4637 03:13:28,560 --> 03:13:30,000 DOING THAT TOO. 4638 03:13:30,000 --> 03:13:36,280 >> THANK YOU, BRIAN. JUDY. 4639 03:13:36,280 --> 03:13:39,680 >> THANK YOU. I THINK ONE 4640 03:13:39,680 --> 03:13:41,720 CHALLENGE IS IN AN AREA THAT I 4641 03:13:41,720 --> 03:13:44,000 DIDN'T GET TO TALK ABOUT AND 4642 03:13:44,000 --> 03:13:46,200 THAT WAS THE OTHER PART OF OUR 4643 03:13:46,200 --> 03:13:51,240 SUPPLEMENT WHICH INVOLVED 4644 03:13:51,240 --> 03:13:55,840 LOOKING FOR CENTRAL AUDITORY 4645 03:13:55,840 --> 03:13:57,640 SYMPTOM PATHOLOGY AN NEURAL 4646 03:13:57,640 --> 03:14:01,840 PATHOLOGY IN BRAINS AND BONES 4647 03:14:01,840 --> 03:14:02,480 FROM HUMAN DONORS WITH AN 4648 03:14:02,480 --> 03:14:04,400 WITHOUT CONFIRMED DIAGNOSES OF 4649 03:14:04,400 --> 03:14:10,200 AD. AND THAT WORK WE FOUND VERY 4650 03:14:10,200 --> 03:14:17,680 CHALLENGING TO FIND NORMAL 4651 03:14:17,680 --> 03:14:18,960 CONTROLS AND ALSO FIND RACIALLY 4652 03:14:18,960 --> 03:14:22,240 DIVERSE SAMPLES. THAT I THINK 4653 03:14:22,240 --> 03:14:26,600 IS A LIMITATION OF OUR WORK AND 4654 03:14:26,600 --> 03:14:29,840 MAYBE OTHERS, WE FIND THAT A 4655 03:14:29,840 --> 03:14:32,880 CHALLENGE IN YOUR WORK FINDING 4656 03:14:32,880 --> 03:14:34,960 THE WITH AND WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS 4657 03:14:34,960 --> 03:14:37,080 OF AD WHO DO AND DON'T HAVE 4658 03:14:37,080 --> 03:14:39,160 HEARING LOSS WAS VERY 4659 03:14:39,160 --> 03:14:40,960 CHALLENGING TO GET ALL THOSE 4660 03:14:40,960 --> 03:14:42,440 COMPARISONS. BECAUSE THAT'S 4661 03:14:42,440 --> 03:14:45,840 REALLY WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR. 4662 03:14:45,840 --> 03:14:49,800 IN ORDER I THINK SOMEONE EARLIER 4663 03:14:49,800 --> 03:14:50,720 MAY HAVE SAID THAT IT WAS IN A 4664 03:14:50,720 --> 03:14:54,200 CONVERSATION ABOUT THE CORTEX, 4665 03:14:54,200 --> 03:14:57,600 WE DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT WHAT IS 4666 03:14:57,600 --> 03:14:59,680 GOING ON IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM 4667 03:14:59,680 --> 03:15:03,480 CENTERS IN PEOPLE WITH AD. THAT 4668 03:15:03,480 --> 03:15:05,200 IS WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR BUT 4669 03:15:05,200 --> 03:15:07,920 IN CHALLENGING TO FIND THE 4670 03:15:07,920 --> 03:15:08,960 SAMPLES IN ORDER TO DO THIS 4671 03:15:08,960 --> 03:15:12,040 WORK. ESPECIALLY SAMPLES FROM 4672 03:15:12,040 --> 03:15:15,000 RACIALLY DIVERSE DONORS. AND 4673 03:15:15,000 --> 03:15:16,920 NORMAL CONTROLS. SO THAT I FEEL 4674 03:15:16,920 --> 03:15:19,040 WAS OUR BIGGEST CHALLENGE. 4675 03:15:19,040 --> 03:15:23,920 >> THANK YOU. DR. SHEPHERD. 4676 03:15:23,920 --> 03:15:27,360 >> I WANTED TO ADD TO THIS 4677 03:15:27,360 --> 03:15:30,240 DISCUSSION, INITIALLY WE DID OF 4678 03:15:30,240 --> 03:15:33,880 COURSE EXPERIENCE CHALLENGES 4679 03:15:33,880 --> 03:15:36,080 OBVIOUSLY AS HUMAN RESEARCH SHUT 4680 03:15:36,080 --> 03:15:37,400 DOWN WITH COVID BUT ULTIMATELY 4681 03:15:37,400 --> 03:15:39,280 IT HAS CHANGED THE WAY THAT WE 4682 03:15:39,280 --> 03:15:41,440 DO RESEARCH AND I THINK WILL 4683 03:15:41,440 --> 03:15:42,480 PROBABLY CHANGE THE WAY I WILL 4684 03:15:42,480 --> 03:15:47,000 ALWAYS DO RESEARCH IN MY LAB. WE 4685 03:15:47,000 --> 03:15:48,520 TRANSITIONED EVERYTHING TO BE 4686 03:15:48,520 --> 03:15:50,080 ABLE TO COLLECT DATA AS MUCH 4687 03:15:50,080 --> 03:15:52,640 DATA AS POSSIBLE OBVIOUSLY NOT 4688 03:15:52,640 --> 03:15:54,240 NEUROIMAGING DATA, OVER ZOOM. 4689 03:15:54,240 --> 03:15:55,480 AND I THINK BECAUSE OF THAT WE 4690 03:15:55,480 --> 03:15:58,280 ENDED UP REACHING A LOT OF 4691 03:15:58,280 --> 03:16:00,360 PARTICIPANTS WHO INITIALLY 4692 03:16:00,360 --> 03:16:01,080 ORIGINALLY WOULDN'T HAVE 4693 03:16:01,080 --> 03:16:03,880 PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. 4694 03:16:03,880 --> 03:16:06,280 PEOPLE WHO HAVE A LOT MORE 4695 03:16:06,280 --> 03:16:08,480 SEVERE MEDICAL CONDITIONS, 4696 03:16:08,480 --> 03:16:11,480 PHYSICAL DIFFICULTIES THAT WOULD 4697 03:16:11,480 --> 03:16:12,720 HAVE KEPT THEM HOME AND 4698 03:16:12,720 --> 03:16:13,960 PREVENTED THEM FROM ENROLLING IN 4699 03:16:13,960 --> 03:16:15,520 A STUDY THAT REQUIRED THEM TO 4700 03:16:15,520 --> 03:16:20,240 VISIT THE LAB MULTIPLE TIMES. 4701 03:16:20,240 --> 03:16:22,240 ONE CHALLENGE WE DID FIND WITH 4702 03:16:22,240 --> 03:16:24,240 PARTICIPANTS OF DEMENTIA, THEY 4703 03:16:24,240 --> 03:16:25,680 DID HAVE DIFFICULTY NAVIGATING 4704 03:16:25,680 --> 03:16:28,280 THE TECHNOLOGY BUT WE ARE ALWAYS 4705 03:16:28,280 --> 03:16:29,400 ABLE FOR ALL PARTICIPANTS TO 4706 03:16:29,400 --> 03:16:30,960 WORK WITH CAREGIVERS AND FAMILY 4707 03:16:30,960 --> 03:16:32,960 MEMBERS TO HELP THEM NAVIGATE 4708 03:16:32,960 --> 03:16:36,560 THOSE CHALLENGES SO ULTIMATELY 4709 03:16:36,560 --> 03:16:38,400 HOPING IT WILL BE A POSITIVE IN 4710 03:16:38,400 --> 03:16:41,280 FUTURE AND WE ARE REACHING MORE 4711 03:16:41,280 --> 03:16:42,080 PEOPLE THAT WE WOULDN'T HAVE 4712 03:16:42,080 --> 03:16:48,640 REACHED BEFORE. 4713 03:16:48,640 --> 03:16:56,480 >> DR. GARUDADRI. I'M HARI FROM 4714 03:16:56,480 --> 03:16:58,840 UK SAN DIEGO. I HAVE A COMMENT 4715 03:16:58,840 --> 03:17:01,280 FROM WHAT DR. KIRAN AND WHAT DR. 4716 03:17:01,280 --> 03:17:02,400 BRIAN MACWHINNEY SAID AND 4717 03:17:02,400 --> 03:17:05,000 FOLLOWING THAT I HAVE A COMMENT 4718 03:17:05,000 --> 03:17:08,280 TO JUDY'S QUESTIONS, 4719 03:17:08,280 --> 03:17:10,200 SPECIFICALLY (INAUDIBLE). THE 4720 03:17:10,200 --> 03:17:14,960 FIRST ONE IS IN USING TOOLS THAT 4721 03:17:14,960 --> 03:17:19,840 HAVE BECOME AVAILABLE FROM 4722 03:17:19,840 --> 03:17:29,720 GOOGLE, FACEBOOK, AMAZON, ALEXA 4723 03:17:29,720 --> 03:17:31,200 STUFF, THERE'S MISALIGNED 4724 03:17:31,200 --> 03:17:32,600 INCENTIVES ON WHAT THESE 4725 03:17:32,600 --> 03:17:36,840 COMPANIES REALLY WANT TO DO. 4726 03:17:36,840 --> 03:17:39,080 WITH A LOT OF PRIVACY AND OTHER 4727 03:17:39,080 --> 03:17:43,760 CONSIDERATIONS. SO I WOULD LIKE 4728 03:17:43,760 --> 03:17:46,760 TO UNDERSTAND WHY YOU ARE SO 4729 03:17:46,760 --> 03:17:49,440 EXCITED ABOUT THAT APPROACH. 4730 03:17:49,440 --> 03:17:56,600 GIVEN ALL THE PITFALLS WITH THE 4731 03:17:56,600 --> 03:17:59,840 BIG FIVE COMPANIES. THE COMMENT 4732 03:17:59,840 --> 03:18:04,360 FOR DR. MACWHINNEY IS -- 4733 03:18:04,360 --> 03:18:05,560 >> WE HAVE LOTS OF PEOPLE WHO 4734 03:18:05,560 --> 03:18:07,200 WANT TO HAVE A COMMENT AND I 4735 03:18:07,200 --> 03:18:08,920 DON'T KNOW THAT I CAN GIVE YOU 4736 03:18:08,920 --> 03:18:11,280 THREE CHIPS. SO LET'S GET THE 4737 03:18:11,280 --> 03:18:12,560 ANSWER TO THAT ONE AND THEN IF 4738 03:18:12,560 --> 03:18:14,080 WE HAVE TIME AT THE END IF THAT 4739 03:18:14,080 --> 03:18:14,600 IS O DA I. 4740 03:18:14,600 --> 03:18:17,320 >> THAT'S PERFECT. 4741 03:18:17,320 --> 03:18:22,160 >> WHO WAS THAT QUESTION TO IN 4742 03:18:22,160 --> 03:18:30,240 GENERAL? 4743 03:18:30,240 --> 03:18:33,160 >> WE ARE NOT SAYING WE WORK 4744 03:18:33,160 --> 03:18:34,480 WITH BIG TECH COMPANIES TO 4745 03:18:34,480 --> 03:18:36,800 DETECT DEMENTIA. WHAT WE ARE 4746 03:18:36,800 --> 03:18:38,360 SAYING IS THAT THAT THERE IS A 4747 03:18:38,360 --> 03:18:44,920 LOT OF TECHNOLOGY IN USING AND 4748 03:18:44,920 --> 03:18:46,360 TRANSCRIBING SO BIG PART -- THE 4749 03:18:46,360 --> 03:18:49,080 WAY THINGS GET DONE IS PEOPLE 4750 03:18:49,080 --> 03:18:50,640 ARE IN LABS TESTING PATIENTS AND 4751 03:18:50,640 --> 03:18:53,640 THEN TRANSCRIBING AND THEN 4752 03:18:53,640 --> 03:18:55,160 TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HOW TO 4753 03:18:55,160 --> 03:18:56,120 TAKE THAT DATA AND DIAGNOSE 4754 03:18:56,120 --> 03:18:57,680 DEMENTIA OR TREAT DEMENTIA AND 4755 03:18:57,680 --> 03:18:59,360 WE ARE SAYING THERE IS A LOT OF 4756 03:18:59,360 --> 03:19:02,200 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN 4757 03:19:02,200 --> 03:19:02,840 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING OF 4758 03:19:02,840 --> 03:19:06,200 JUST USING MACHINE LEARNING TO 4759 03:19:06,200 --> 03:19:07,080 DETECT ABNORMALITIES IN THAT 4760 03:19:07,080 --> 03:19:09,560 SPEECH. THAT IS ADVANCEMENTS 4761 03:19:09,560 --> 03:19:11,480 THAT I WAS TALKING ABOUT. I WILL 4762 03:19:11,480 --> 03:19:13,280 LET BRIAN CHIME IN AND SEE IF HE 4763 03:19:13,280 --> 03:19:13,840 WANTS TO SAY SOMETHING 4764 03:19:13,840 --> 03:19:16,080 DIFFERENT. 4765 03:19:16,080 --> 03:19:17,920 >> I THINK I ALWAYS DOUBT 4766 03:19:17,920 --> 03:19:19,280 COMPANIES, I AGREE WITH YOU, I 4767 03:19:19,280 --> 03:19:24,680 WORRY ABOUT THEIR PRIVACY. BUT 4768 03:19:24,680 --> 03:19:25,840 THEY TRYING TO DO GOOD THINGS, 4769 03:19:25,840 --> 03:19:27,000 TRYING TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION 4770 03:19:27,000 --> 03:19:28,240 WITH PEOPLE, ADAPT SYSTEMS TO 4771 03:19:28,240 --> 03:19:30,080 WORK WITH PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA 4772 03:19:30,080 --> 03:19:31,480 BETTER TO RESPOND TO THEIR 4773 03:19:31,480 --> 03:19:36,760 NEEDS. SO I THINK SOME GOALS 4774 03:19:36,760 --> 03:19:38,280 ARE NOT BAD AND WE HAVE TO BE 4775 03:19:38,280 --> 03:19:41,080 CAREFUL WITH INTERACTIONS WITH 4776 03:19:41,080 --> 03:19:43,360 THEM TOTALLY AGREE. 4777 03:19:43,360 --> 03:19:50,880 >> LET'S GO ON TO DR. BUCKEY. 4778 03:19:50,880 --> 03:19:54,240 >> THANKS, YES. SO I THINK FOR 4779 03:19:54,240 --> 03:19:56,800 THE CHALLENGES THAT WE HAVE SEEN 4780 03:19:56,800 --> 03:19:58,320 FOR CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES WITH 4781 03:19:58,320 --> 03:20:02,040 PEOPLE, SO MANY CONFOUNDERS, 4782 03:20:02,040 --> 03:20:05,840 EDUCATION, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, 4783 03:20:05,840 --> 03:20:07,400 GENDER RACE ALL THOSE ARE BIG 4784 03:20:07,400 --> 03:20:13,480 FACTORS SO HAVING A LARGE COHORT 4785 03:20:13,480 --> 03:20:14,720 IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR PARAMETERS 4786 03:20:14,720 --> 03:20:16,240 MEASURED SO IF THERE IS A WAY TO 4787 03:20:16,240 --> 03:20:21,200 MAKE STANDARDIZED MEASUREMENTS 4788 03:20:21,200 --> 03:20:23,920 RECOMMENDED, AND HAVE 4789 03:20:23,920 --> 03:20:24,760 MULTI-CENTER ENROLLMENT TO 4790 03:20:24,760 --> 03:20:27,360 COHORT, THAT WOULD BE GOOD. THE 4791 03:20:27,360 --> 03:20:28,880 SECOND PART IS TO GET AT THESE 4792 03:20:28,880 --> 03:20:31,080 QUESTIONS ABOUT CAUSALITY. WILL 4793 03:20:31,080 --> 03:20:31,920 REQUIRE THE LONGITUDINAL 4794 03:20:31,920 --> 03:20:36,240 STUDIES. THOSE ARE HARD TO PUT 4795 03:20:36,240 --> 03:20:41,120 TOGETHER. BUT IF THERE IS WAY TO 4796 03:20:41,120 --> 03:20:43,680 ENCOURAGE ENROLLMENT TO 4797 03:20:43,680 --> 03:20:47,160 LONGITUDINAL COHORT FOLLOWED FOR 4798 03:20:47,160 --> 03:20:48,800 KEY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTOR, THAT 4799 03:20:48,800 --> 03:20:53,480 WOULD BE GREAT. 4800 03:20:53,480 --> 03:21:03,360 >> THANK YOU. DR. KUSHALNAGAR. 4801 03:21:03,360 --> 03:21:06,560 >> GREAT, THANK YOU SO MUCH. TWO 4802 03:21:06,560 --> 03:21:10,200 COMMENTS ABOUT CHALLENGES. FOR 4803 03:21:10,200 --> 03:21:13,200 ME WORKING WITH EARLY DEAF 4804 03:21:13,200 --> 03:21:14,120 ADULTS OR SIGN LANGUAGE USERS IF 4805 03:21:14,120 --> 03:21:15,560 YOU WILL, THERE IS NO CHALLENGE 4806 03:21:15,560 --> 03:21:18,080 IN FINDING PEOPLE -- WE CAN FIND 4807 03:21:18,080 --> 03:21:20,440 A VERY DIVERSE GROUP OF PEOPLE 4808 03:21:20,440 --> 03:21:21,480 THE CHALLENGE IS THEIR 4809 03:21:21,480 --> 03:21:22,520 WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN 4810 03:21:22,520 --> 03:21:24,840 THIS COMMUNITY BECAUSE A DEAF 4811 03:21:24,840 --> 03:21:26,960 COMMUNITIES ARE SO SMALL AND THE 4812 03:21:26,960 --> 03:21:29,000 LACK OF INFORMATION ACCESS IS SO 4813 03:21:29,000 --> 03:21:31,840 REAL, IT REALLY IS SUCH WHAT 4814 03:21:31,840 --> 03:21:34,080 ENDS UP HAPPENING IS PEOPLE 4815 03:21:34,080 --> 03:21:37,760 EXPRESS SHAME AN ANXIETY AND 4816 03:21:37,760 --> 03:21:41,640 BECAUSE OF ISSUES OF ADVANTAGE 4817 03:21:41,640 --> 03:21:44,080 TAKING, IN THE PAST FROM 4818 03:21:44,080 --> 03:21:45,640 RESEARCHERS AS SUBJECT THEIR 4819 03:21:45,640 --> 03:21:48,880 WILLINGNESS TO SHARE THEIR DATA 4820 03:21:48,880 --> 03:21:53,520 WITH US, IS VERY SMALL. WHEN IT 4821 03:21:53,520 --> 03:21:54,720 COMES TO CLINICAL TRIALS RIGHT 4822 03:21:54,720 --> 03:21:57,000 NOW I THINK IT IS BETTER BUT 4823 03:21:57,000 --> 03:21:58,000 MORE WORK TO BE DONE BECAUSE 4824 03:21:58,000 --> 03:22:04,360 THERE IS HISTORY OF EXCLUSIVE 4825 03:22:04,360 --> 03:22:05,800 PARTICIPANTS WHO ARE LITED RATE 4826 03:22:05,800 --> 03:22:07,840 IN READING AND WRITING. -- 4827 03:22:07,840 --> 03:22:11,840 LITERATE IN READING AND WRITING WRITE AN 4828 03:22:11,840 --> 03:22:13,000 PARTICIPATING IN TRIALS, THAT'S 4829 03:22:13,000 --> 03:22:15,320 A TRIAL TO CONSIDER TO ALLOW 4830 03:22:15,320 --> 03:22:16,320 INCLUSIVITY OF ALL LANGUAGES, 4831 03:22:16,320 --> 03:22:17,680 NOT JUST INDIVIDUAL WHOSE 4832 03:22:17,680 --> 03:22:19,840 UTILIZE ONE LANGUAGE OR JUST USE 4833 03:22:19,840 --> 03:22:21,240 SPANISH BUT HAVE VISUAL AND 4834 03:22:21,240 --> 03:22:24,080 AUDITORY LANGUAGES. AND THE 4835 03:22:24,080 --> 03:22:26,080 DIFFICULTY IS TO FIND THOSE 4836 03:22:26,080 --> 03:22:27,840 INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA OR 4837 03:22:27,840 --> 03:22:34,040 HEARING LOSS AND BOTH. 4838 03:22:34,040 --> 03:22:34,760 >> DR. COHEN. 4839 03:22:34,760 --> 03:22:36,840 >> THANK YOU, TWO COMMENTS. ONE 4840 03:22:36,840 --> 03:22:38,280 IS I DISAGREE WITH P PERSON WHO 4841 03:22:38,280 --> 03:22:40,640 SAID THERE'S NO MORE LONGER A 4842 03:22:40,640 --> 03:22:43,560 ROLE FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH I 4843 03:22:43,560 --> 03:22:46,160 CAN TELL YOU THERE'S NO WAY THE 4844 03:22:46,160 --> 03:22:48,480 TEST VESTIBULAR SYSTEM NOT USING 4845 03:22:48,480 --> 03:22:50,280 THE LABORATORY. I TRIED TO DO IT 4846 03:22:50,280 --> 03:22:51,520 CLINICALLY, TO DO TELEHEALTH AND 4847 03:22:51,520 --> 03:22:52,680 IT CAN'T BE DONE SO I THINK 4848 03:22:52,680 --> 03:22:55,560 THERE IS A ROLE. BUT I LIKE 4849 03:22:55,560 --> 03:22:58,040 SOMEBODY SAID ABOUT USING 4850 03:22:58,040 --> 03:22:59,000 CLINICAL -- RESOURCES IN THE 4851 03:22:59,000 --> 03:23:00,760 COMMUNITY. SO I WILL THINK ABOUT 4852 03:23:00,760 --> 03:23:04,080 THAT. IN THE FUTURE. I ALSO 4853 03:23:04,080 --> 03:23:06,240 THINK SOMETHING ELSE THAT NIDCD 4854 03:23:06,240 --> 03:23:08,080 AND NIA CAN DO IS USE THIS 4855 03:23:08,080 --> 03:23:11,160 WEBINAR FORMAT AGAIN. I'M THE 4856 03:23:11,160 --> 03:23:14,280 ONLY ONE WHO DISCUSSED HUMAN 4857 03:23:14,280 --> 03:23:15,840 WORK VESTIBULAR SYSTEM, I WASN'T 4858 03:23:15,840 --> 03:23:17,280 TUNED IN TO THE WORK DONE ON 4859 03:23:17,280 --> 03:23:18,400 LANGUAGE AND HEARING SO I 4860 03:23:18,400 --> 03:23:20,880 THOUGHT THIS WAS REALLY 4861 03:23:20,880 --> 03:23:22,160 INTERESTING AND GOOD WAY TO 4862 03:23:22,160 --> 03:23:23,000 BRING TOGETHER DIVERSE GROUPS OF 4863 03:23:23,000 --> 03:23:24,480 PEOPLE, I HOPE YOU CONTINUE THIS 4864 03:23:24,480 --> 03:23:25,800 KIND OF THING. 4865 03:23:25,800 --> 03:23:29,360 >> THANK YOU. 4866 03:23:29,360 --> 03:23:34,800 >> DR. CHANDRASEKAREN. 4867 03:23:34,800 --> 03:23:37,080 >> I WAS GOING TO HEAVY SIT THE 4868 03:23:37,080 --> 03:23:39,040 QUESTION I HAD ON CHAT AND POSE 4869 03:23:39,040 --> 03:23:41,800 IT TO NIDCD OR NIA PROGRAM 4870 03:23:41,800 --> 03:23:45,720 STAFF. THESE ARE QUESTIONS THAT 4871 03:23:45,720 --> 03:23:47,000 NIMH IS ALREADY DEALING WITH 4872 03:23:47,000 --> 03:23:50,360 LIKE TEN YEARS AGO IN TERMS OF 4873 03:23:50,360 --> 03:23:51,840 HETEROGENEITY, CO-MORBIDITY, 4874 03:23:51,840 --> 03:23:54,960 CURIOUS ABOUT LESSONS LEARNED 4875 03:23:54,960 --> 03:23:56,520 FROM THE SEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA 4876 03:23:56,520 --> 03:23:59,160 APPROACH USED BY NIH TEN YEARS 4877 03:23:59,160 --> 03:24:01,240 AGO AND WHETHER IT IS APPLIED 4878 03:24:01,240 --> 03:24:02,160 SPECIFICALLY EXPLORING 4879 03:24:02,160 --> 03:24:03,640 DIMENSIONS OF FUNCTIONING ACROSS 4880 03:24:03,640 --> 03:24:07,440 THE RANGE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR, 4881 03:24:07,440 --> 03:24:09,000 UNITS OF ANALYSIS AND HOW THAT 4882 03:24:09,000 --> 03:24:18,200 CAN FRAMEWORK CONNECT THE DOTS 4883 03:24:18,200 --> 03:24:19,520 THIS ISN'T THE CONTEXT OF FUTURE 4884 03:24:19,520 --> 03:24:21,520 -- THIS IS IN THE CONTEXT OF 4885 03:24:21,520 --> 03:24:24,480 FUTURE DIRECTIONS. 4886 03:24:24,480 --> 03:24:26,240 >> ANY COMMENT OR REACTION TO 4887 03:24:26,240 --> 03:24:32,600 THIS? 4888 03:24:32,600 --> 03:24:34,240 >> CAN A COMMENT, PROGRAM 4889 03:24:34,240 --> 03:24:37,280 OFFICER AT NIDCD ABOUT ARTA. SO 4890 03:24:37,280 --> 03:24:39,680 I LOVE RDOC AND POINTED OUT 4891 03:24:39,680 --> 03:24:41,440 REPEATEDLY TO MANY PEOPLE IN THE 4892 03:24:41,440 --> 03:24:43,200 VOICE AND SPEECH IMMUNITIES. 4893 03:24:43,200 --> 03:24:45,120 RDO -- COMMUNITIES. RDOC IS A 4894 03:24:45,120 --> 03:24:46,840 GOOD THING TO LOOK AT. 4895 03:24:46,840 --> 03:24:48,160 >> MAYBE FOR THOSE IN THE 4896 03:24:48,160 --> 03:24:50,520 AUDIENCE NOT FAMILIAR YOU MIGHT 4897 03:24:50,520 --> 03:24:52,840 SAY A WORD OR TWO ABOUT IT. 4898 03:24:52,840 --> 03:24:55,880 >> IT IS A SYSTEM THAT NIMH 4899 03:24:55,880 --> 03:24:59,920 STARTED MANY YEARS AGO TO LOOK 4900 03:24:59,920 --> 03:25:01,480 AT DEVIL LEVELS OF ANALYSIS. 4901 03:25:01,480 --> 03:25:03,760 GENETIC BEHAVIORAL IMAGING AND 4902 03:25:03,760 --> 03:25:05,240 IT HAS A BUNCH OF INFORMATION SO 4903 03:25:05,240 --> 03:25:07,160 RATHER THAN LOOK AT THE DSMB 4904 03:25:07,160 --> 03:25:10,840 THEY WANTED TO REALLY CLEAN THE 4905 03:25:10,840 --> 03:25:13,200 DESCRIPTION OF THE INCOMING 4906 03:25:13,200 --> 03:25:15,920 SCIENCE SO I CAN'T SPEAK TO NIMH 4907 03:25:15,920 --> 03:25:19,440 BUT IT IS OUT THERE. RDOC. I 4908 03:25:19,440 --> 03:25:25,880 CAN PUT THE LINK IN THE CHAT. 4909 03:25:25,880 --> 03:25:28,680 >> ANY OTHER COMMENT, ANY OTHER 4910 03:25:28,680 --> 03:25:34,240 -- BACK TO OUR THREE QUESTIONS 4911 03:25:34,240 --> 03:25:35,960 ISSUE OF FUTURE DIRECTIONS WE 4912 03:25:35,960 --> 03:25:37,800 TALKED ON THAT A BIT AND WE ALSO 4913 03:25:37,800 --> 03:25:39,520 TALKED ABOUT WAYS TO ENCOURAGE 4914 03:25:39,520 --> 03:25:42,280 COLLABORATIONS. MAKE SOME 4915 03:25:42,280 --> 03:25:49,200 LESSONS LEARNED ON HOW YOU 4916 03:25:49,200 --> 03:25:49,840 ESTABLISHED COLLABORATIONS WITH 4917 03:25:49,840 --> 03:25:55,200 AS YOU WENT TO A NEW DIRECTION. 4918 03:25:55,200 --> 03:25:56,520 >> JEW DATE, MAY I PLEASE 4919 03:25:56,520 --> 03:25:58,440 COMMENT ON -- JUDITH, MAY I 4920 03:25:58,440 --> 03:25:59,080 COMMENT ON THAT? 4921 03:25:59,080 --> 03:26:03,480 >> SURE. 4922 03:26:03,480 --> 03:26:06,480 >> I WAS LISTENING TO TODAY'S 4923 03:26:06,480 --> 03:26:08,200 TALK FROM A VERY DIVERSE GROUP 4924 03:26:08,200 --> 03:26:14,080 OF RESEARCHERS, ESPECIALLY THOSE 4925 03:26:14,080 --> 03:26:17,920 FROM OLFACTORY SUB FIELD WITHIN 4926 03:26:17,920 --> 03:26:19,880 NIDCD SOMEHOW I FELT A GAP 4927 03:26:19,880 --> 03:26:21,360 BETWEEN OLFACTORY RESEARCHERS 4928 03:26:21,360 --> 03:26:26,760 AND HEARING RESEARCHERS IN THAT 4929 03:26:26,760 --> 03:26:28,800 SOME OF THE MEASURES WE USE A 4930 03:26:28,800 --> 03:26:33,720 LOT IN OUR STUDIES FOR EXAMPLE 4931 03:26:33,720 --> 03:26:35,640 AUDITORY BRAIN STEM RESPONSES 4932 03:26:35,640 --> 03:26:38,520 ABR YU HEARD OF THE TERM QUITE A 4933 03:26:38,520 --> 03:26:47,280 FEW TIMES, I WONDER,CAN THOSE 4934 03:26:47,280 --> 03:26:51,120 WHO STUDY SMELL TASTE IS SIMILAR 4935 03:26:51,120 --> 03:26:53,360 TECHNOLOGY IF NOT ABR MAYBE A 4936 03:26:53,360 --> 03:26:56,280 STITCH OR TWO HIGHER UP CORTICAL 4937 03:26:56,280 --> 03:27:00,920 RESPONSES. SO THAT WE CAN 4938 03:27:00,920 --> 03:27:02,360 UNDERSTAND SYSTEM LEVEL CHANGE 4939 03:27:02,360 --> 03:27:05,760 FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE, TO 4940 03:27:05,760 --> 03:27:08,400 ADDRESS VERY COME PRIA KATEED 4941 03:27:08,400 --> 03:27:12,200 DISEASE LIKE ALZHEIMER'S. 4942 03:27:12,200 --> 03:27:12,720 COMPLICATED DISEASE LIKE 4943 03:27:12,720 --> 03:27:13,000 ALZHEIMER'S. 4944 03:27:13,000 --> 03:27:14,840 >> REALLY INTERESTING POINT IF I 4945 03:27:14,840 --> 03:27:17,600 CAN ADDRESS THAT ACTUALLY THE 4946 03:27:17,600 --> 03:27:19,480 OLFACTORY PEOPLE WHO SPOKE TODAY 4947 03:27:19,480 --> 03:27:22,320 ALL OF THEM ARE WELL VERSED AT 4948 03:27:22,320 --> 03:27:24,160 DOING CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL 4949 03:27:24,160 --> 03:27:26,000 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AN OPTIMAL 4950 03:27:26,000 --> 03:27:27,560 METHODS AND -- WHO DIDN'T SPEAK 4951 03:27:27,560 --> 03:27:31,000 IS A LEADER IN THAT AS WELL. THE 4952 03:27:31,000 --> 03:27:32,480 FIRST CENTRAL SENSORY BOTH 4953 03:27:32,480 --> 03:27:35,840 ACTION POTENTIALS WERE IN 4954 03:27:35,840 --> 03:27:39,640 OLFACTORY BULB TO AT LEAST THE 4955 03:27:39,640 --> 03:27:42,280 ODOODORS, GET A NOBEL PRIZE FOR 4956 03:27:42,280 --> 03:27:44,640 THAT LONG TIME AGO BUT THAT IS 4957 03:27:44,640 --> 03:27:46,360 SOMETHING WE DO IN OLFACTION, IT 4958 03:27:46,360 --> 03:27:48,480 IS A TERRIFIC MODEL SYSTEM 4959 03:27:48,480 --> 03:27:49,400 BECAUSE THE INFORMATION GOES TO 4960 03:27:49,400 --> 03:27:50,680 BRAIN IN ONE SYNAPSE SO YOU HAVE 4961 03:27:50,680 --> 03:27:51,640 A DIRECT WAY LOOKING AT 4962 03:27:51,640 --> 03:27:55,360 INFORMATION, THE BULB IS 4963 03:27:55,360 --> 03:27:56,640 ACCESSIBLE. GREAT SYSTEM. I 4964 03:27:56,640 --> 03:27:58,000 APPRECIATE YOU POINT THAT OUT, 4965 03:27:58,000 --> 03:27:59,720 WE DIDN'T TALK AIN'T TODAY. THAT 4966 03:27:59,720 --> 03:28:02,160 IS SOMETHING THE OLFACTORY 4967 03:28:02,160 --> 03:28:03,320 COMMUNITY THINKS HAS BEEN ABLE 4968 03:28:03,320 --> 03:28:04,440 TO MAKE INCREDIBLE DISCOVERIES 4969 03:28:04,440 --> 03:28:05,320 IN. 4970 03:28:05,320 --> 03:28:08,760 >> THANK YOU FOR THAT. WE HAVE 4971 03:28:08,760 --> 03:28:10,920 TIME FOR ONE COMMENT FROM 4972 03:28:10,920 --> 03:28:13,360 MELANIE FRIED OKEN AND ONE FROM 4973 03:28:13,360 --> 03:28:15,640 NINA AND THEN WE NEED TO WRAP 4974 03:28:15,640 --> 03:28:16,160 UP. MELANIE. 4975 03:28:16,160 --> 03:28:18,160 >> I WANT TO STRESS THAT EVERY 4976 03:28:18,160 --> 03:28:20,280 LAB SHOULD INCLUDE INDIVIDUALS 4977 03:28:20,280 --> 03:28:22,760 WHO ARE EXPERIENCING WHATEVER 4978 03:28:22,760 --> 03:28:24,160 CONDITION YOU ARE LOOKING AT 4979 03:28:24,160 --> 03:28:26,680 WHETHER YOU ARE LOOKING AT MOUSE 4980 03:28:26,680 --> 03:28:29,120 MODELS OR DOING IMAGING IF YOU 4981 03:28:29,120 --> 03:28:30,960 ARE DOING IT -- IF YOU ARE 4982 03:28:30,960 --> 03:28:32,160 STUDYING INDIVIDUALS WITH 4983 03:28:32,160 --> 03:28:34,360 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PLEASE 4984 03:28:34,360 --> 03:28:35,360 INCLUDE INDIVIDUALS WITH 4985 03:28:35,360 --> 03:28:36,400 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THEIR 4986 03:28:36,400 --> 03:28:38,840 FAMILIES IN YOUR RESEARCH. THEY 4987 03:28:38,840 --> 03:28:41,480 WILL DRIVE THOSE QUESTIONS. OUR 4988 03:28:41,480 --> 03:28:43,920 ENGINEERS WHO DESIGN GREAT 4989 03:28:43,920 --> 03:28:45,800 COMPUTER INTERFACES GOING TO THE 4990 03:28:45,800 --> 03:28:47,520 HOMES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH LOCKED 4991 03:28:47,520 --> 03:28:50,600 IN SYNDROME, TO SEE WHY THEY ARE 4992 03:28:50,600 --> 03:28:53,360 DESIGNING THE SYSTEMS, AND I 4993 03:28:53,360 --> 03:28:56,520 THINK EVERY ONE ON THIS CALL 4994 03:28:56,520 --> 03:28:58,120 WOULD BENEFIT FROM WORKING AT A 4995 03:28:58,120 --> 03:29:02,160 COMMUNITY BASED PARTICIPATORY 4996 03:29:02,160 --> 03:29:04,360 RESEARCH LEVEL WITH INDIVIDUALS 4997 03:29:04,360 --> 03:29:05,760 WHO HAVE THOSE CONDITIONS WE ARE 4998 03:29:05,760 --> 03:29:06,440 EXAMINING. 4999 03:29:06,440 --> 03:29:08,280 >> THANK YOU, MELANIE. AND NINA, 5000 03:29:08,280 --> 03:29:10,400 YOU HAVE THE LAST WORD BEFORE WE 5001 03:29:10,400 --> 03:29:17,200 FINISH UP. 5002 03:29:17,200 --> 03:29:18,520 >> YOU ARE ON MUTE STILL. 5003 03:29:18,520 --> 03:29:19,040 >> NO. 5004 03:29:19,040 --> 03:29:21,920 >> THERE YOU GO. OKAY. THANKS 5005 03:29:21,920 --> 03:29:25,920 FOR THIS SESSION. IN TERMS OF 5006 03:29:25,920 --> 03:29:26,920 COLLABORATION, SOME OF THE 5007 03:29:26,920 --> 03:29:28,560 PITFALLS OR THE DIFFICULTIES 5008 03:29:28,560 --> 03:29:29,600 THAT WE HAVE HAD IS PEOPLE ARE 5009 03:29:29,600 --> 03:29:32,160 VERY, VERY BUSY. BUT HAVING 5010 03:29:32,160 --> 03:29:33,760 FORMS LIKE THIS WITH DEDICATED 5011 03:29:33,760 --> 03:29:36,240 TIME TO REALLY DISCUSS THESE 5012 03:29:36,240 --> 03:29:39,360 ISSUES AND THE POTENTIAL 5013 03:29:39,360 --> 03:29:41,160 COLLABORATION MY EXPERIENCE HAVE 5014 03:29:41,160 --> 03:29:43,280 BEEN INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL IN 5015 03:29:43,280 --> 03:29:44,400 REALLY GETTING PEOPLE TO THINK 5016 03:29:44,400 --> 03:29:46,760 ABOUT THESE ISSUES, AND THINK 5017 03:29:46,760 --> 03:29:48,240 ABOUT HOW THEY COLLABORATE. BUT 5018 03:29:48,240 --> 03:29:50,040 IF THERE IS NOT A SET TIME FOR 5019 03:29:50,040 --> 03:29:52,240 IT IN A SET FORUM IT IS 5020 03:29:52,240 --> 03:29:53,880 DIFFICULT TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF 5021 03:29:53,880 --> 03:29:54,760 THEIR BUSY SCHEDULES TO TALK 5022 03:29:54,760 --> 03:29:56,760 ABOUT THESE COLLABORATIONS. 5023 03:29:56,760 --> 03:30:01,600 >> THANK YOU, DR. DRONKERSS. WE 5024 03:30:01,600 --> 03:30:03,840 ALL AGREE WITH THAT. CORYSE, ANY 5025 03:30:03,840 --> 03:30:06,560 FINAL COMMENTS BEFORE I TURN IT 5026 03:30:06,560 --> 03:30:16,040 BACK OVER TO DR. POREMBA. 5027 03:30:16,040 --> 03:30:19,040 >> I WAS GETTING A FOA FOR THE 5028 03:30:19,040 --> 03:30:21,120 CHAT. I HAVE HEARD SO MUCH 5029 03:30:21,120 --> 03:30:21,920 RESEARCH, I'M SAL INVESTIGATING 5030 03:30:21,920 --> 03:30:23,640 OTHER THE STUDIES THAT CAN COME 5031 03:30:23,640 --> 03:30:25,760 TO NIA IN THE FUTURE. AND I WAS 5032 03:30:25,760 --> 03:30:28,280 CURIOUS HOW MANY OF YOU ARE 5033 03:30:28,280 --> 03:30:30,240 AFTER USING THE SUPPLEMENT TO 5034 03:30:30,240 --> 03:30:31,360 GENERATE PRELIMINARY DATA HOW 5035 03:30:31,360 --> 03:30:38,640 MANY OF YOU ARE ACTUALLY READY 5036 03:30:38,640 --> 03:30:41,280 TO PUT INTO RO1 OR DO YOU NEED 5037 03:30:41,280 --> 03:30:42,440 ANOTHER STEPPINGSTONE TO GET 5038 03:30:42,440 --> 03:30:45,760 THERE, SUCH AS RO 3. I WAS GOING 5039 03:30:45,760 --> 03:30:48,240 TO PUT THAT IN THE CHAT, WE HAVE 5040 03:30:48,240 --> 03:30:52,360 A RO 3 THAT IS ACTIVE NOW, I 5041 03:30:52,360 --> 03:30:54,840 KNOW IT EXPIRES LATER THIS YEAR 5042 03:30:54,840 --> 03:30:56,360 SO THAT BRINGS TWO MORE 5043 03:30:56,360 --> 03:30:58,920 OPPORTUNITIES LEFT WHEREBY IF 5044 03:30:58,920 --> 03:31:01,080 YOU NEED THE GENERATE ADDITIONAL 5045 03:31:01,080 --> 03:31:02,040 PRELIMINARY DATA YOU CAN USE 5046 03:31:02,040 --> 03:31:04,840 THIS AS POTENTIAL MECHANISM. IT 5047 03:31:04,840 --> 03:31:08,120 IS A MUCH LARGER BUDGET, 5048 03:31:08,120 --> 03:31:09,600 $100,000 PER YEAR FOR TWO YEARS. 5049 03:31:09,600 --> 03:31:12,400 SO MUCH LARGER THAN THE STANDARD 5050 03:31:12,400 --> 03:31:14,280 RO 3. SO I WILL INVITE YOU THE 5051 03:31:14,280 --> 03:31:20,920 CHECK THAT OUT IN THE CHAT. 5052 03:31:20,920 --> 03:31:24,000 >> THANK YOU, CORYSE. OKAY. I 5053 03:31:24,000 --> 03:31:26,440 THINK SO WE CAN STAY -- SINCE 5054 03:31:26,440 --> 03:31:28,240 Y'ALL WERE SO DILIGENT ABOUT 5055 03:31:28,240 --> 03:31:30,720 STAYING ON TIME WE WANT TO STAY 5056 03:31:30,720 --> 03:31:32,040 ON TIME TOO, WE SAID WE WERE 5057 03:31:32,040 --> 03:31:35,440 GOING TO END AT 5 SO AMY, I HAND 5058 03:31:35,440 --> 03:31:37,520 IT BACK TO YOU. 5059 03:31:37,520 --> 03:31:40,320 >> THANK YOU, JUDITH. THANK YOU 5060 03:31:40,320 --> 03:31:42,160 ALL FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION. 5061 03:31:42,160 --> 03:31:43,840 AGAIN, THANK YOU TO ALL OUR 5062 03:31:43,840 --> 03:31:45,400 STAFF AS WELL FOR HANGING IN 5063 03:31:45,400 --> 03:31:46,760 THERE THROUGHOUT THE DAY. IF YOU 5064 03:31:46,760 --> 03:31:49,120 HAVE FURTHER QUESTIONS, OR 5065 03:31:49,120 --> 03:31:53,240 COMMENTS, YOU CAN EMAIL DR. 5066 03:31:53,240 --> 03:31:55,040 COOPER, DR. CORYSE ST. HILLAIRE 5067 03:31:55,040 --> 03:31:57,040 CLARKE, MYSELF OR KELLY OR ANY 5068 03:31:57,040 --> 03:32:00,160 OF OTHER PROGRAM OFFICERS YOU 5069 03:32:00,160 --> 03:32:02,840 SAW ON TODAY, LAUREN OR SUSAN IF 5070 03:32:02,840 --> 03:32:03,920 MORE RELATED TO YOUR RESEARCH 5071 03:32:03,920 --> 03:32:05,800 AREA. I SAW LOTS OF WONDERFUL 5072 03:32:05,800 --> 03:32:07,480 DISCUSSION TODAY. THIS IS 5073 03:32:07,480 --> 03:32:08,480 EXACTLY THE KIND OF THING WE 5074 03:32:08,480 --> 03:32:10,800 WANTED WAS TO GET THE COMMUNITY 5075 03:32:10,800 --> 03:32:11,920 TOGETHER KIND OF FOR THE FIRST 5076 03:32:11,920 --> 03:32:14,240 TIME, DOING AD RESEARCH AND 5077 03:32:14,240 --> 03:32:15,200 COMMUNICATION, AND FIGURE OUT 5078 03:32:15,200 --> 03:32:16,400 WHERE WE ARE AT SO I THINK WE 5079 03:32:16,400 --> 03:32:19,480 HAVE GOT A LOT OF FOOD FOR 5080 03:32:19,480 --> 03:32:21,160 THOUGHT AND HOPING MANY OF YOU 5081 03:32:21,160 --> 03:32:22,280 WILL REACH OUT TO EACH OTHER AND 5082 03:32:22,280 --> 03:32:24,680 CONTINUE TO START TO THINK ABOUT 5083 03:32:24,680 --> 03:32:27,000 COLLABORATIONS AND COMMONALITIES 5084 03:32:27,000 --> 03:32:39,760 AMONG YOUR WORK. THANK YOU ALL.