1 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:10,520 >>WELCOME, EVERYONE, TO 2 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:14,040 DAY TWO OF THE ADVISORY MEETING. 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:16,880 WE HAVE THREE GREAT 4 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:19,080 PRESENTATIONS FOR YOU TODAY. 5 00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:22,080 WE WILL START, I THINK, WITH A 6 00:00:22,080 --> 00:00:25,080 PRESENTATION BY DR. JON LORSCH, 7 00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:26,520 ON THE UNITE-E INITIATIVE. 8 00:00:26,520 --> 00:00:32,120 YOU'VE HEARD US TALK ABOUT THE 9 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:33,760 UNITE INITIATIVE AT NIH, AND 10 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:35,760 THERE'S WONDERFUL WORK BEING 11 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:37,160 DONE BY JON LORSCH'S 12 00:00:37,160 --> 00:00:38,920 SUBCOMMITTEE LOOKING AT THE 13 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:41,840 EXTRAMURAL LANDSCAPE AND HOW HOW 14 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:46,880 WE CAN IMPROVE THIS FOR OUR 15 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:49,520 UNDERREPRESENTED INVESTIGATORS. 16 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:59,920 NEXT WE'LL HEAR FROM DR. 17 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:03,200 CENDRINE ROBINSON, THE NEW 18 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:04,840 DIVERSITY OFFICER, I INTRODUCED 19 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:07,360 HER LAST COUNCIL MEETING, 20 00:01:07,360 --> 00:01:10,360 IDEALLY FOLLOWING DR. LORSCH'S 21 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:11,320 PRESENTATION WITH DR. 22 00:01:11,320 --> 00:01:11,600 ROBINSON'S. 23 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:13,160 TO END THE DAY WE'LL HEAR FROM 24 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:15,640 ONE OF OUR INTRAMURAL 25 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:16,600 INVESTIGATORS, DR. KATIE KINDT, 26 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:19,520 ABOUT HER RESEARCH PROGRAM. 27 00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:21,720 I THINK WE'RE READY TO START IF 28 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:23,320 DR. LORSCH IS HERE. 29 00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:27,480 BECKY, CAN YOU LET ME KNOW? 30 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:29,040 >>HE HAS NOT JOINED YET. 31 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:30,880 >>OKAY, ALL RIGHT. 32 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,000 WE'LL START WITH DR. ROBINSON'S 33 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:34,640 PRESENTATION SO WE CAN GO AHEAD 34 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:44,320 AND GET HER SLIDES UP. 35 00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:46,920 SO, I JUST WANT TO SAY HOW 36 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:49,000 WONDERFUL IT'S BEEN TO HAVE 37 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:53,240 CENDRINE ON BOARD WITH US, SHE 38 00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:56,080 HAS ADDED IMMEASURABLY TO OUR 39 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:57,760 DEIA EFFORTS HERE AT NIDCD, AND 40 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,080 I THINK THAT YOU WILL ALL ENJOY 41 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:02,920 HEARING FROM HER AND WORKING 42 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:06,960 WITH HER IN THE FUTURE. 43 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:11,240 SO, DR. ROBINSON, PLEASE 44 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:11,480 PROCEED. 45 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:14,840 >>THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY 46 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:19,320 TO INTRODUCE MYSELF TO DISCUSS 47 00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:19,800 THE DIVERSITY, EQUITY, 48 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:21,000 INCLUSION, AND ACCESSIBILITY 49 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:23,200 STRATEGY FOR NIDCD AND TO 50 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:23,840 PROVIDE UPDATES. 51 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,400 SO, BEFORE I GET INTO THAT, I 52 00:02:26,400 --> 00:02:28,880 WANT TO SHARE A KEY EXPERIENCE 53 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:31,200 THAT SHAPED THE LENS I BRING TO 54 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:33,880 MY ROLE AS CHIEF DIVERSITY 55 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:35,880 OFFICER FOR NIDCD. 56 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:37,320 IF YOU COULD GO TO THE NEXT 57 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:38,800 SLIDE PLEASE. 58 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,520 I INITIALLY BECAME AWARE OF THE 59 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:43,720 IMPORTANCE OF DEIA EDUCATION AND 60 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:44,600 INITIATIVES QUITE SOME TIME AGO 61 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:47,960 WHEN I WAS A FRESHMAN AT THE 62 00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:49,200 UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, DYING 63 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:54,160 MY FIRST WEEK ON CAMPUS, WHEN I 64 00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:55,120 ENCOUNTERED A BAKE SALE. 65 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:57,000 THIS WAS A BAKE KALE THAT WAS 66 00:02:57,000 --> 00:02:59,720 ORGANIZED BY A GROUP OF STUDENTS 67 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:01,800 WHO WERE DEMONSTRATING THEIR 68 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:06,280 DISAGREEMENT WITH THE 69 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:06,880 UNIVERSITY'S DIVERSITY-FOCUSED 70 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:07,120 POLICIES. 71 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:09,480 IN THE BAKE SALE THEY PRICED THE 72 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:12,080 ITEMS ACCORDING TO DEMOGRAPHIC 73 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:12,320 VARIABLES. 74 00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:14,720 SO, A COOKIE FOR A WHITE STUDENT 75 00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:15,800 WAS $1. 76 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:19,520 A COOKIE FOR A BLACK STUDENT WAS 77 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:20,600 50 CENTS. 78 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:21,920 PRICING WAS BASED ON THEIR 79 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:23,680 PERCEPTION HOW MUCH EFFORT THEY 80 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:25,560 FELT IT TOOK FOR STUDENTS FROM 81 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:27,520 DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS FRO GET 82 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:29,040 INTO THE UNIVERSITY. 83 00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:30,360 FROM THEIR PERSPECTIVE A STUDENT 84 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:33,000 LIKE ME WAS PRODUCED TO BE HALF 85 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:34,120 AS COMPETITIVE TO BE ADMITTED TO 86 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:36,040 THE SCHOOL. 87 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:37,680 TO ME THIS COMMUNICATED THAT I 88 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:39,360 DID NOT BELONG AND THAT STUDENTS 89 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:42,720 LIKE ME WERE NOT WELCOME BY THIS 90 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:42,920 GROUP. 91 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:47,280 THIS BAKE SALE WAS A MEMORABLE 92 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:48,760 MOMENT FOR ME, AWFUL TO 93 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:50,160 ENCOUNTER FIRST WEEK AT SCHOOL 94 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:51,480 BUT I RECOGNIZED SOMETHING. 95 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:52,480 I RECOGNIZED SOMETHING WAS 96 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:54,200 MISSING FROM THE INFORMATION AT 97 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:55,960 THE BAKE SALE. 98 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:57,960 THAT WAS THE PRICING OF THE BAKE 99 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:00,880 SALE IGNORED THE IMPACT OF 100 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:02,920 STRUCTURAL RACISM ON EDUCATION 101 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:03,240 OPPORTUNITIES. 102 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:04,360 FORTUNATELY OVER THE COURSE OF 103 00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:07,120 MY FOUR YEARS AT THE SCHOOL, I 104 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:08,560 WAS ABLE TO ALIGN MYSELF WITH 105 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:10,640 STUDENTS AND STAFF THAT WERE 106 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:12,480 COMMITTED TO PROMOTING DEIA 107 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:13,800 EDUCATION AND POLICIES. 108 00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:16,320 BY DOING SO I BECAME WELL 109 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:17,760 EDUCATED ABOUT HOW POLICIES SUCH 110 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:20,800 AS RED LINING IMPACT HEALTH, 111 00:04:20,800 --> 00:04:22,240 EDUCATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY. 112 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:24,200 MOST IMPORTANTLY I LEARNED BY 113 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:25,960 ALIGNING MYSELF WITH THIS 114 00:04:25,960 --> 00:04:28,680 COMMUNITY THAT I INDEED WAS 115 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:30,320 QUALIFIED, COMPETITIVE, AND 116 00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:31,520 BELONGED AT THE UNIVERSITY. 117 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:33,200 OVER THE COURSE OF MY ACADEMIC 118 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:34,800 TRAINING I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY 119 00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:35,600 TO PARTICIPATE IN SEVERAL 120 00:04:35,600 --> 00:04:37,400 PROGRAMS THAT WERE AIMED AT 121 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:39,480 LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD, AND 122 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:40,920 ADDRESSING SYSTEMIC INEQUITIES, 123 00:04:40,920 --> 00:04:44,000 INCLUDING THE RONALD E McNAIR 124 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:46,400 PROGRAM, AND NIH DIVERSITY F31 125 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:47,480 PRE-DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP. 126 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:49,040 IT'S THROUGH THESE EXPERIENCES 127 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:51,080 THAT I DEVELOPED EXPERTISE IN 128 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:53,080 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND PASSION 129 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:54,920 FOR DIVERSIFYING THE BIOMEDICAL 130 00:04:54,920 --> 00:04:55,280 WORKFORCE. 131 00:04:55,280 --> 00:04:56,440 THIS BAKE SALE IS ONE OF THE 132 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:00,600 REASONS I'M SO GRATEFUL TO BE AT 133 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:03,360 NIDCD, WHERE THE VALUES FOR DEIA 134 00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:06,080 EDUCATION AND POLICIES ARE 135 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:06,560 SHARED. 136 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:09,040 I LIKE FORWARD TO SHARING WITH 137 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:14,520 YOU HOW I ENVISION LEVERAGING TO 138 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:15,320 REACH THE MISSION. 139 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:16,640 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 140 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:18,160 THANK YOU. 141 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:21,320 I SEE NIDCD AS HAG THREE MAJOR 142 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:23,720 COMPONENTS TO OUR SPHERE OF 143 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:24,240 INFLUENCE AS RELATES TO 144 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:26,200 DIVERSITY, EQUITY, INCLUSION, 145 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:26,920 AND ACCESSIBILITY. 146 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:29,520 FIRST WE HAVE THE INTERNAL 147 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:30,000 WORKFORCE. 148 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,360 THAT INCLUDES ALL STAFF THAT 149 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:33,480 SUPPORT THE BUSINESS OPERATIONS 150 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:35,440 OF NIDCD, THAT MAKE EVERYTHING 151 00:05:35,440 --> 00:05:37,520 HAPPEN AS RELATES TO THE WORK 152 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:38,720 FOR OUR EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY. 153 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:40,800 IT IS ALSO INCLUSIVE OF OUR 154 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,200 SCIENTISTS IN THE EXTRAMURAL 155 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:43,600 PROGRAM. 156 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:45,400 THEN WE HAVE THE EXTRAMURAL 157 00:05:45,400 --> 00:05:45,800 WORKFORCE. 158 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:47,680 SO THAT IS OUR GRANTEE 159 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:50,760 COMMUNITY, AND THE PIPELINE THAT 160 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:53,160 WE'RE WORKING TO BUILD. 161 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:56,960 NIDCD HAS THE ABILITY AND THE 162 00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:58,880 COMMITMENT TO WORKING TO ACHIEVE 163 00:05:58,880 --> 00:06:00,720 HEALTH EQUITY, SO AS DESCRIBED 164 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:03,200 IN OUR STRATEGIC PLAN, AND 165 00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:04,120 DESCRIBED BRIEFLY YESTERDAY, WE 166 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:06,600 HAVE THIS AS A MAJOR COMPONENT 167 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:08,040 OF OUR EFFORTS AND THAT IS A 168 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:10,440 MAJOR PART OF OUR SPHERE OF 169 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:11,840 INFLUENCE AS WELL. 170 00:06:11,840 --> 00:06:14,480 IF YOU COULD GO TO THE NEXT 171 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:18,000 SLIDE PLEASE. 172 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:19,120 THANK YOU. 173 00:06:19,120 --> 00:06:21,080 I ENVISION A STRATEGY THAT CUTS 174 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:22,320 ACROSS EXTRAMURAL AND INTERNAL 175 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:24,440 WORKFORCE, TOGETHER THESE 176 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:26,440 COMMUNITIES ARE INFLUENCING 177 00:06:26,440 --> 00:06:28,480 NIDCD'S HEALTH EQUITY EFFORTS. 178 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:31,040 THE FIRST COMPONENT IS EQUITY 179 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:32,240 AND RECRUITMENT AND ADVANCEMENT. 180 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:34,440 SO IN THE INTERNAL WORKFORCE, 181 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:36,520 WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE IS 182 00:06:36,520 --> 00:06:38,400 UTILIZING BEST PRACTICES TO 183 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:40,480 REDUCE BIAS IN RECRUITMENT AND 184 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:42,320 PROMOTING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES 185 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:43,320 FOR ADVANCEMENT. 186 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:45,600 FOR EXTRAMURAL WORKFORCE ONE 187 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:47,480 EXAMPLE IS STRATEGY SPEAKS TO 188 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:48,920 OUR INITIATIVE TO ENSURE THERE 189 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:51,760 ARE EQUITABLE OPPORTUNITIES TO 190 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:54,160 RECEIVE FUNDING FROM NIDCD. 191 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:55,040 FOR TRANSPARENCY AND 192 00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:57,640 ACCOUNTABILITY, FOR BOTH THE 193 00:06:57,640 --> 00:06:58,640 INTERNAL AND EXTRAMURAL 194 00:06:58,640 --> 00:06:59,960 WORKFORCE, NIDCD HAS A 195 00:06:59,960 --> 00:07:02,400 COMMITMENT AND PLAN FOR 196 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:03,440 COMMUNICATING DEIA ACTIVITIES 197 00:07:03,440 --> 00:07:06,080 AND EFFORTS, AND OUR PRACTICING. 198 00:07:06,080 --> 00:07:08,200 ADDITIONALLY, ONE OF MY EFFORTS 199 00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:16,200 IS TO FORMALIZE THE STRATEGY TO 200 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:17,840 FACILITATE ACCOUNTABILITY. 201 00:07:17,840 --> 00:07:20,240 FOR CULTURAL AWARENESS WE HAVE 202 00:07:20,240 --> 00:07:22,440 REGULAR EDUCATION AND TRAINING 203 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,280 PROVIDED ON TOPICS SUCH AS 204 00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:25,840 STRUCTURAL RACISM. 205 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:27,480 AND FOR THE EXTRAMURAL 206 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:31,000 COMMUNITY, THE INSTITUTE HAS 207 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:31,640 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES THAT 208 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:32,320 INCLUDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR 209 00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:34,280 MENTORS TO IMPROVE THEIR 210 00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:40,040 CULTURAL AWARENESS AS IN OUR R25 211 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:42,280 MENTORSHIP AWARD. 212 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:43,160 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 213 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:46,760 SO I WANT TO TAKE A DEEPER DIVE 214 00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:48,160 INTO THE INTERNAL WORKFORCE. 215 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,920 MY PLAN IS TO TRY TO MONITOR 216 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:57,800 INITIATIVES ACROSS THE EMPLOYEE 217 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:03,720 LIFE CYCLE, RECRUITMENT THROUGH 218 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:04,400 AWARDS, COMMITTING TO 219 00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:05,920 DIVERSIFYING OUR STAFF. 220 00:08:05,920 --> 00:08:08,760 AND ALSO IN TERMS OF RETENTION 221 00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:10,440 THAT'S THROUGH OUR EDUCATION AND 222 00:08:10,440 --> 00:08:12,920 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES ON 223 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:17,120 CULTURAL AWARENESS, ALSO ALIGNED 224 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:18,600 WITH NIH-LEVEL INITIATIVES AS 225 00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:20,280 RELATES TO PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT 226 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:22,200 OPPORTUNITIES FOR OUR STAFF, AND 227 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:26,400 ALSO LOOKING AT THE RECOGNITION 228 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:28,040 AND PROMOTION OF STAFF. 229 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:29,680 FOR THE EXTRAMURAL WORKFORCE THE 230 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:32,720 LIFE CYCLE LOOKS SIMILAR EXCEPT 231 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:35,040 HERE WE ADD THE DEVELOPING 232 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:37,560 PIPELINE LAYER, AND THAT'S 233 00:08:37,560 --> 00:08:39,520 REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE 234 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:41,400 RECOGNIZE IMPORTANCE OF 235 00:08:41,400 --> 00:08:43,040 INVESTING EARLIER IN STUDENTS, 236 00:08:43,040 --> 00:08:45,000 PARTICULARLY THROUGH OUR 237 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:46,080 DIVERSITY SUPPLEMENTS AND 238 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:46,400 R25s. 239 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:49,280 FROM THERE WE ALSO FOCUS ON 240 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:50,920 RECRUITMENT, SO PROVIDING 241 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:51,920 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS TO 242 00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:54,160 APPLY FOR FUNDING AND MAKING 243 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:56,360 SURE THAT THERE'S EQUITY IN 244 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:57,680 TERMS OF INFORMATION AND ACCESS 245 00:08:57,680 --> 00:09:00,520 TO APPLYING FOR OUR FUNDING 246 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:02,280 OPPORTUNITIES AND SIMILARLY 247 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:05,200 LOOKING FOR OPPORTUNITIES AND 248 00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:07,240 ALIGNING WITH NIH-LEVEL 249 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:08,520 INITIATIVES FOR LOOKING AT 250 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:09,600 REWARD AND RETENTION. 251 00:09:09,600 --> 00:09:12,600 OH, ONE MORE COMMENT ON THIS 252 00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:12,880 SLIDE. 253 00:09:12,880 --> 00:09:14,600 SO, I HAVE THIS BIDIRECTIONAL 254 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:17,440 LINE BECAUSE THE EFFORTS THAT WE 255 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:19,960 ARE WORKING ON FOR THE 256 00:09:19,960 --> 00:09:20,840 EXTRAMURAL WORKFORCE FEEDBACK 257 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:23,480 INTO WHO WE CAN RECRUIT FROM FOR 258 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,120 OUR INTERNAL WORKFORCE. 259 00:09:25,120 --> 00:09:28,600 AS WE WORK TO BUILD OUT THE 260 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:30,720 PIPELINE AND GET DIVERSE 261 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:31,760 INVESTIGATORS APPLY FOR R01s, 262 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:34,600 WHEN WE LOOK TO RECRUIT FOR 263 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:36,480 EXTRAMURAL SCIENTIST, PROGRAM 264 00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:38,920 OFFICERS, SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 265 00:09:38,920 --> 00:09:41,000 POSITIONS, WE ARE ABLE TO GIVE 266 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:42,640 EVEN MORE BENEFIT OF THESE 267 00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:43,040 EFFORTS. 268 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:44,760 THERE'S ALSO THE INTERNAL 269 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:46,480 WORKFORCE COULD GO TO THE 270 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:48,880 EXTRAMURAL WORKFORCE. 271 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:49,840 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 272 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:52,760 SO, I SEE THE INTERNAL WORKFORCE 273 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:55,200 AND EXTRAMURAL WORKFORCE EFFORTS 274 00:09:55,200 --> 00:09:57,160 COMBINING TO ENHANCE OUR HEALTH 275 00:09:57,160 --> 00:09:58,280 EQUITY RESEARCH PORTFOLIO. 276 00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:00,760 AND THAT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT 277 00:10:00,760 --> 00:10:03,400 ALIGNS WITH NIDCD'S GOALS TO 278 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:05,560 HAVE RESEARCH THAT'S INNOVATIVE, 279 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:09,600 HIGH QUALITY, INVOLVES THE 280 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:15,880 PARTICIPATION OF UNDEROBSERVED 281 00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:16,320 UNDERSERVED 282 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:17,200 POPULATIONS TO ENHANCE PUBLIC 283 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:17,640 TRUST. 284 00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:19,720 WE NEED A SOL IT INFRASTRUCTURE. 285 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:21,680 I'M PROUD OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE 286 00:10:21,680 --> 00:10:23,040 WE HAVE. 287 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:24,320 WHICH INVOLVES NIDCD DIVERSITY 288 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:26,320 WORKING GROUP, WHICH IS A GROUP 289 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:28,880 OF VOLUNTEERS, ABOUT 40 OR SO 290 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:31,240 VOLUNTEERS, WHO ARE COMMITTED TO 291 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:34,120 DEVELOPING AND CREATING DEIA 292 00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:35,520 INITIATIVES FOR OUR INTERNAL 293 00:10:35,520 --> 00:10:36,760 WORKFORCE. 294 00:10:36,760 --> 00:10:41,320 WE HAVE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE 295 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:42,840 NIDCD ADVISORY COUNT WORKING 296 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:45,240 GROUP AND THOSE RECOMMENDATIONS 297 00:10:45,240 --> 00:10:49,440 WERE SHARED AND IMPLEMENTED BY 298 00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:50,400 NIDCD IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE, 299 00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:55,520 CONSISTING OF LEADERSHIP, AND I 300 00:10:55,520 --> 00:10:58,280 SEE MYSELF BUILDING ON EXISTING 301 00:10:58,280 --> 00:10:59,480 INITIATIVES WORKING IN 302 00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:00,800 COLLABORATION WITH THE COMMITTED 303 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:03,320 VOLUNTEERS WORKING TO MAKE THESE 304 00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:03,720 THINGS HAPPEN. 305 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:06,280 I WANT TO MENTION OUR EFFORTS 306 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:09,320 ALIGN WITH THE N.I.H.--WIDE 307 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:09,960 INITIATIVES, INCLUDING UNITE, 308 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:11,920 WHICH WE'LL LEARN MORE ABOUT 309 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:14,320 LATER TODAY, AND THE ANTI-RACISM 310 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:16,200 STEERING COMMITTEE. 311 00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:17,560 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 312 00:11:17,560 --> 00:11:18,600 SO A FEW UPDATES. 313 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:21,160 SO I WANT TO MENTION THAT THIS 314 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:22,560 IS NOT AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST OF 315 00:11:22,560 --> 00:11:23,440 ACTIVITIES THAT WE'RE WORKING 316 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,080 ON, JUST A FEW THINGS I WANT TO 317 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:26,600 HIGHLIGHT. 318 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,320 THERE HAS BEEN QUITE A BIT OF 319 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:32,720 EFFORT AROUND RECRUITING, WHEN I 320 00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:34,520 CAME IN NIDCD HAD ALREADY 321 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:36,560 DEVELOPED A PRETTY INCREDIBLE 322 00:11:36,560 --> 00:11:37,800 RECRUITING GUIDE. 323 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:41,280 SO THIS GUIDE SUMMARIZES BEST 324 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,840 PRACTICES FOR ACROSS VARIOUS 325 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:46,560 STAGES OF RECRUITING INCLUDING 326 00:11:46,560 --> 00:11:47,040 ADVERTISING POSITIONS, 327 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:47,600 INTERVIEWING CANDIDATES, 328 00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:48,200 CANDIDATE SELECTION. 329 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:51,240 ONE THINGS I WAS INTERESTED IN 330 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:52,920 IS HOW TO FURTHER IMPLEMENT AND 331 00:11:52,920 --> 00:11:54,520 FACILITATE UPTAKE OF THAT GUIDE. 332 00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:57,080 AND SO BY DOING PRESENTATIONS 333 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,160 WITH STAFF, AND LOOKING FOR 334 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,320 OPPORTUNITIES TO REMIND AND TRY 335 00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:07,280 TO OVERCOME POTENTIAL BARRIERS 336 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:09,560 TO IMPLEMENTATION WE'RE SEEING 337 00:12:09,560 --> 00:12:11,520 GOOD UPTAKE AND PRACTICES ARE 338 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:13,720 BEING USED FOR RECRUITMENT FOR 339 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:17,440 PROGRAM OFFICER POSITIONS. 340 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:19,280 SIMILARLY THERE'S A REQUIREMENT 341 00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:22,560 SEARCH COMMITTEES ARE USING 342 00:12:22,560 --> 00:12:26,200 GS-14, 15, TITLE 42, AND WITH -- 343 00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:27,640 I'VE BEEN FOCUSING FACILITATING 344 00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:30,240 UPTAKE OF THIS POLICY, IT'S ALSO 345 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:32,200 BEING IMPLEMENTED AS WELL. 346 00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:34,840 ON THE INTRAMURAL SIDE, THE 347 00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,080 TRAINING OFFICE HAS A POSTBAC 348 00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:40,760 RECRUITING INITIATIVE INVOLVING 349 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:42,400 TRAINING OFFICE DEVELOPING A -- 350 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:43,480 CULTIVATING A LIST OF DIVERSE 351 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:47,760 CANDIDATES TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR 352 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:51,480 P.I.s TO SELECT POSTBACS IN AN 353 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:54,120 EQUITABLE WAY, LAST CAREER 354 00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:55,640 CULTIVATING THIS POOL, THREE 355 00:12:55,640 --> 00:12:57,400 POSTBACS WERE SELECTED AND 356 00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,600 CONDUCTED RESEARCH AT NIDCD. 357 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:01,240 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 358 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:03,720 SO, FOR DEVELOPING THE PIPELINE 359 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:05,600 AND RECRUITING FOR THE 360 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:06,840 EXTRAMURAL WORK FORCE NIDCD 361 00:13:06,840 --> 00:13:08,280 CONTINUES TO PARTICIPATE IN 362 00:13:08,280 --> 00:13:09,000 DIVERSE CONFERENCES. 363 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,080 I MYSELF WILL BE PRESENTING IN 364 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:13,120 APRIL AT THE NATIONAL BLACK 365 00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:14,240 ASSOCIATION OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE 366 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:19,840 AND HEARING, I ALSO HAVE PLANS 367 00:13:19,840 --> 00:13:22,120 TO ATTEND THE SOCIETY FOR 368 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:27,680 ADVANCING CHICANO AND NATIVE 369 00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:29,000 AMERICAN SCIENTISTS AND FOR 370 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:29,560 MINORITIES STUDENTS. 371 00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:32,080 THERE'S BEEN GREAT DEAL OF 372 00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:35,720 EFFORT TO PROMOTE EQUITY AND 373 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:40,280 GRANT WRITING RESOURCES, AND SO 374 00:13:40,280 --> 00:13:42,480 NIDCD IN EARLY 22 LAUNCHED A 375 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:48,360 SAMPLE GRANT APPLICATION SECTION 376 00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:53,960 OF THE WEB PAGE, QUITE 377 00:13:53,960 --> 00:13:56,680 SUCCESSFUL, 2 089 DOWNLOADS, A 378 00:13:56,680 --> 00:13:59,640 HIGH CONVERSION RATE OF 49%. 379 00:13:59,640 --> 00:14:03,680 WE HAVE OUR NEWEST GROUP OF 380 00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:07,200 DIVERSITY SCHOLARS, BIOS AND 381 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:07,520 ON THE 382 00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:09,600 WEBSITE, CHECK THAT OUT. 383 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:12,320 A COMMITTEE WILL PROVIDE AN 384 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:13,320 IN-PERSON NETWORKING AND 385 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:14,840 MENTORSHIP OPPORTUNITY FOR 386 00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:15,360 DIVERSITY SCHOLARS. 387 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:18,560 I'VE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO 388 00:14:18,560 --> 00:14:20,640 CONDUCT OUTREACH TO HISTORICALLY 389 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:23,280 BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITY 390 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:27,840 AND MINORITY SERVING 391 00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:29,120 INSTITUTION, I'VE HIGHLIGHTED 392 00:14:29,120 --> 00:14:30,800 OUR WEB PAGE TO PROFESSORS 393 00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:32,560 THROUGH ONE-ON-ONE CONVERSATIONS 394 00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:38,600 AND E-MAILS, AND HIGHLIGHTED 395 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:40,600 GRANT AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES. 396 00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:41,760 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 397 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:44,480 WE HAVE EFFORTS OF COURSE TO 398 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:46,120 BUILD THE DIVERSE PIPELINE 399 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:47,360 THROUGH OUR FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 400 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:47,680 ANNOUNCEMENTS. 401 00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:49,320 I'M NOT GOING TO READ ALL, THEY 402 00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:51,480 WERE PRESENTED AT A PREVIOUS 403 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:53,360 COUNCIL MEETING, BUT I WANT TO 404 00:14:53,360 --> 00:14:54,000 MENTION THEM, THAT THESE ARE 405 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,120 SOME OF THE ONES THAT WE ARE 406 00:14:56,120 --> 00:14:59,960 CURRENTLY SIGNED ON TO AND WE'RE 407 00:14:59,960 --> 00:15:01,040 EXCITED ABOUT THE OPPORTUNITIES 408 00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:04,840 TO WORK TO BUILD OUT THE 409 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:06,200 SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE THROUGH 410 00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:07,280 MENTORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES AND 411 00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:08,240 RESEARCH EXPERIENCES. 412 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:11,800 I ALSO WANT TO MENTION THERE'S 413 00:15:11,800 --> 00:15:12,520 NEW FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 414 00:15:12,520 --> 00:15:13,960 ANNOUNCEMENTS THAT ARE COMING 415 00:15:13,960 --> 00:15:16,120 FROM UNITE, YOU'LL HEAR SOME OF 416 00:15:16,120 --> 00:15:17,440 THOSE LATER. 417 00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:18,880 WE'VE FORMED A COMMITTEE TO 418 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:20,520 REVIEW THOSE OPPORTUNITIES AS 419 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,080 THEY COME IN, INTERNAL AND IDC 420 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:23,840 COMMITTEE, TO REVIEW THOSE 421 00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:26,000 OPPORTUNITIES AS THEY COME IN 422 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,880 AND TO PRIORITIZE AND DISCUSS 423 00:15:28,880 --> 00:15:31,920 AND TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS. 424 00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:33,000 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 425 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:35,840 FOR HEALTH EQUITY THERE'S 426 00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:36,520 SEVERAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 427 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:42,320 ANNOUNCEMENTS, AND THIS LIST IS 428 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:43,720 NOT EXHAUSTIVE. 429 00:15:43,720 --> 00:15:46,320 THERE'S ONE ON ADDRESSING 430 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:49,440 STRUCTURAL RACISM, WE HAVE AN 431 00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:50,280 NIDCD-SPECIFIC ONE THAT FOCUSES 432 00:15:50,280 --> 00:15:51,920 ON HEALTH DISPARITIES MORE 433 00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:52,440 BROADLY. 434 00:15:52,440 --> 00:15:56,880 AND THEN FINALLY ONE FOCUSED ON 435 00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:58,600 HEALTH DISPARITIES AT 436 00:15:58,600 --> 00:15:59,520 MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS. 437 00:15:59,520 --> 00:16:01,480 FOR ALL OF THESE WE'RE EXCITED 438 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:04,520 AND OPTIMISTIC AND GETTING THE 439 00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:07,960 WORD OUT WIDELY TO ENCOURAGE 440 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:08,360 APPLICATIONS. 441 00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:10,680 AND IF YOU COULD GO TO THE NEXT 442 00:16:10,680 --> 00:16:11,560 SLIDE PLEASE. 443 00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:12,000 THANKS. 444 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:15,160 WITH THAT I WOULD LIKE TO 445 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:16,440 ACKNOWLEDGE AND THANK THE NIDCD 446 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:17,560 DIVERSITY WORKING GROUP. 447 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:19,840 SO THIS GROUP OF VOLUNTEERS 448 00:16:19,840 --> 00:16:20,840 CREATED A PRETTY INCREDIBLE 449 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:22,040 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ME TO WALK 450 00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:24,920 INTO IN SEPTEMBER AND WORK TO 451 00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:26,640 BUILD ON. 452 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:28,080 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 453 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:30,040 AS WELL AS RECOMMENDATIONS FROM 454 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:31,320 THE ADVISORY COUNCIL WORKING 455 00:16:31,320 --> 00:16:34,600 GROUP ON DIVERSITY AND 456 00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:36,720 INCLUSIVENESS, AND NIDCD 457 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:38,520 IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE. 458 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:39,880 AND THAT IS ALL FROM ME. 459 00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:40,120 THANKS. 460 00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:42,080 I WELCOME ANY QUESTIONS IF 461 00:16:42,080 --> 00:16:42,760 THERE'S TIME. 462 00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:44,440 >>THANK YOU, CENDRINE. 463 00:16:44,440 --> 00:16:46,440 THAT WAS FANTASTIC. 464 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:48,000 THAT'S A REALLY NICE BACKDROP 465 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:50,800 FOR WHAT WE'LL HEAR ABOUT 466 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:53,040 SHORTLY FROM DR. JON LORSCH. 467 00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:55,000 I THINK WE WILL HOLD QUESTIONS 468 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:57,840 FOR YOU, IF THAT'S OKAY, AND GO 469 00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:00,240 AHEAD WITH THE NEXT 470 00:17:00,240 --> 00:17:00,680 PRESENTATION. 471 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:03,840 AND THEN WE'LL GO AHEAD AND 472 00:17:03,840 --> 00:17:04,320 DISCUSS. 473 00:17:04,320 --> 00:17:06,040 SO JON IS HERE. 474 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:07,480 ZOOM WAS A CHALLENGE THIS 475 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:09,240 MORNING, SO JON AND I HAVE 476 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:12,400 ALREADY SEEN EACH OTHER THIS 477 00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:13,400 MORNING IN THE EXTRAMURAL 478 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:14,800 ACTIVITIES WORKING GROUP. 479 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:23,360 A LOT THAT CENDRINE DISCUSSED 480 00:17:23,360 --> 00:17:25,440 WAS INVOLVED THERE AS WELL. 481 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:30,720 I'LL INTRODUCE JON NOW, SLIGHTED 482 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,640 TO WELCOME DR. JON LORSCH TO THE 483 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:35,160 MEETING, DIRECTOR OF THE 484 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:38,760 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL 485 00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:39,760 MEDICAL SCIENCES, NIGMS, SINCE 486 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:40,160 2013. 487 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:43,800 IN THIS ROLE HE OVERSEES THE 488 00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:44,720 INSTITUTE THAT SUPPORTS 489 00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:46,880 APPROXIMATELY 11% OF THE TOTAL 490 00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:50,720 NUMBER OF NIH RESEARCH GRANTS, 491 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:55,400 AND 30% OF NRSA TRAINEES. 492 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:57,480 THIS MAKES HIM UNIQUELY 493 00:17:57,480 --> 00:17:59,560 QUALIFIED TO SERVE AS CO-CHAIR 494 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:02,320 OF UNITE E COMMUNITY, FOCUSED ON 495 00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:04,680 THE EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH 496 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:05,080 ECOSYSTEM. 497 00:18:05,080 --> 00:18:07,120 THE NIH-WIDE INITIATIVE WAS 498 00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:09,400 ESTABLISHED TO IDENTIFY AND 499 00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:11,200 ADDRESS STRUCTURAL RACISM WITHIN 500 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:11,960 THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 501 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:13,120 ENTERPRISE AS WELL AS SUPPORT 502 00:18:13,120 --> 00:18:16,720 THE EFFORTS OF THE NIH OFFICES 503 00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:19,720 INVOLVED IN DIVERSITY, EQUITY, 504 00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:20,400 INCLUSION AND ACCESSIBILITY. 505 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:21,960 JON IS HERE WITH US TODAY TO 506 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:26,600 PROVIDE AN UPDATE ON THE UNITEE 507 00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:28,800 GROUP AND I ASKED DR. LISA GOFF 508 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:34,040 MAN TO LEAD A DISCUSSION AFTER 509 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:34,680 THIS PRESENTATION. 510 00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:39,840 >>LET ME GET MY SLIDES UP FOR 511 00:18:39,840 --> 00:18:40,080 YOU. 512 00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:40,280 OKAY. 513 00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:43,760 VERY NICE TO BE HERE. 514 00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:45,480 I APPRECIATE THE OPPORTUNITY. 515 00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:47,800 SO, AS DEB SAID I WANT TO GIVE 516 00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:50,760 YOU AN UPDATE ON SOME OF THE 517 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:51,960 UNITE E ACTIVITIES AND 518 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:52,720 INITIATIVES. 519 00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:55,360 I'M HERE ON BEHALF OF THE ENTIRE 520 00:18:55,360 --> 00:18:57,760 UNITE E COMMITTEE AS WELL AS 521 00:18:57,760 --> 00:19:01,720 CO-CHAIRS ERICA BOON AND ANNA 522 00:19:01,720 --> 00:19:01,960 ORDOÑEZ. 523 00:19:01,960 --> 00:19:07,480 SO, THE COMMITTEE IS TACKLING 524 00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:10,320 FOUR MAIN DIFFERENT AREAS 525 00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:12,760 CAREER PATHWAYS, INEQUITIES AT 526 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:13,720 EXTRAMURAL INSTITUTIONS WITH 527 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,280 PARTICULAR FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTS 528 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:17,720 AND CULTURES. 529 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:20,400 INEQUITIES AT NIH, IN TERMS EVER 530 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,800 OUR POLICIES AND PROCEDURES, HOW 531 00:19:22,800 --> 00:19:24,800 THEY INFLUENCE THE EXTRAMURAL 532 00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:25,160 ECOSYSTEM. 533 00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:28,320 AND RESEARCH RESOURCES AND 534 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:29,840 CAPACITY AT MINORITY SERVING 535 00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:30,600 INSTITUTIONS. 536 00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:33,360 I'LL TOUCH ON INITIATIVES WE'RE 537 00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:34,560 WORKING ON OR ACCOMPLISHED IN 538 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:37,200 EACH OF THESE FOUR AREAS. 539 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:38,800 STARTING FIRST WITH CAREER 540 00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:43,000 PATHWAYS FOR MEMBERS OF 541 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:43,800 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS. 542 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,160 EARLY ON FROM THE START OF THE 543 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:47,800 UNITE INITIATIVE, THERE WAS A 544 00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:51,280 LOT OF INTEREST IN NIH BEING 545 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:53,920 INVOLVED EARLIER IN THE 546 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:56,120 EDUCATIONAL PATHWAY FOR 547 00:19:56,120 --> 00:19:58,160 STUDENTS, PARTICULARLY STUDENTS 548 00:19:58,160 --> 00:20:00,280 FROM DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS. 549 00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:02,000 AND IT TURNED OUT THAT NIH 550 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,560 ALREADY HAS SUCH A PROGRAM, 551 00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:07,480 WHICH IS MANAGED NOW BY NIGMS, 552 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:09,240 THE SCIENCE EDUCATION 553 00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:12,000 PARTNERSHIP AWARDS, SEPA, 554 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:13,240 SUPPORTING INNOVATION IN PRE-K 555 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:14,440 THROUGH 12 STEM EDUCATION WITH 556 00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:17,680 GOAL OF BUILDING INTEREST OF 557 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:19,240 STUDENTS FROM DIVERSE 558 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:20,560 BACKGROUNDS IN CAREERS IN 559 00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:21,080 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. 560 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:23,840 SO, BASED ON THE STRONG INTEREST 561 00:20:23,840 --> 00:20:26,120 WE KEPT HEARING FROM BOTH INSIDE 562 00:20:26,120 --> 00:20:28,520 AND OUTSIDE NIH OF HAVING OTHER 563 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:32,040 NIH INSTITUTES AND CENTERS 564 00:20:32,040 --> 00:20:33,800 PARTICIPATE IN THIS ACTIVITY, A 565 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:35,360 NOTICE OF PARTICIPATION WAS 566 00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:37,960 ISSUED BY THE HUMAN GENOME 567 00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:40,000 INSTITUTE, AND OTHER NIH 568 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:40,800 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS WERE ABLE 569 00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:44,200 TO SIGN ON TO THE SEPA FOA AND 570 00:20:44,200 --> 00:20:46,520 POTENTIALLY FUND SEPA AWARDS. 571 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:49,480 THAT LED TO 16 I.C.s IN 572 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:50,800 ADDITION TO NIGMS BEING SIGNED 573 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:54,520 ON TO THE SEPA FOA, WITH THE 574 00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:56,920 ABILITY TO FUND AWARDS. 575 00:20:56,920 --> 00:20:59,320 SO, ALL THE APPLICATIONS STILL 576 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:00,240 COME IN THROUGH NIGMS. 577 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:02,800 AND THEN WHAT WE'RE DOING IS THE 578 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:04,040 PARTICIPATING ICs WILL BE ABLE 579 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:06,440 TO LOOK AT THE APPLICATIONS 580 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:08,120 AFTER A VIEW, WHICH JUST 581 00:21:08,120 --> 00:21:09,720 RECENTLY HAPPENED, AND DECIDE 582 00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:12,560 WHICH ONES THEY MIGHT BE 583 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:13,800 INTERESTED IN FUNDING. 584 00:21:13,800 --> 00:21:16,640 ALL THE AWARDEES WILL STILL BE 585 00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:17,960 ABLE TO, REGARDLESS OF WHICH 586 00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:18,840 INSTITUTE AND CENTERS FUNDS 587 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:21,640 THEM, WILL STILL BE ABLE TO 588 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:23,200 PARTICIPATE IN THE SEPA-WIDE 589 00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:25,160 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES INCLUDING A 590 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:26,400 YEARLY CONFERENCE AND OTHER 591 00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:30,120 EVENTS TO TRY TO BUILD SORT OF A 592 00:21:30,120 --> 00:21:34,720 COHORT OF PEOPLE WORKING IN THE 593 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:35,520 SIMILAR FIELD. 594 00:21:35,520 --> 00:21:38,920 A KEY POINT HERE THOUGH IS THAT 595 00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:40,360 NIGMS HAS A COMMITMENT PART OF 596 00:21:40,360 --> 00:21:41,200 WHEN CONGRESS MOVED THE PROGRAM 597 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,680 FROM THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 598 00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:46,320 TO NIGMS TO FUND A CERTAIN LEVEL 599 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:48,600 OF SEPA GRANTS, SO WE HAVE TO 600 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:49,800 KEEP THAT COMMITMENT. 601 00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:51,800 WE'RE VERY HAPPY TO DO SO. 602 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:54,640 SO THE GOAL OF HAVING OTHER NIH 603 00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:56,280 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS SIGN ON 604 00:21:56,280 --> 00:21:59,640 IS ACTUALLY TO FUND MORE SEPA 605 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:01,640 GRANTS OVER AND ABOVE LEVEL 606 00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:03,800 NIGMS IS COMMITTED TO FUNDING. 607 00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:05,520 IN ORDER TO DO THAT EFFECTIVELY 608 00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:07,880 AS POSSIBLE WHAT WE WANT TO SEE 609 00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:09,160 IS MORE SEPA APPLICATIONS. 610 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:11,800 SO I WOULD ASK YOUR HELP IN 611 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:14,360 GETTING THE WORD OUT THAT 612 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:14,840 THERE'S THIS ADDITIONAL 613 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:17,280 OPPORTUNITY AND THEN MORE SEPA 614 00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:18,520 APPLICATIONS ARE DESIRED BY NIH, 615 00:22:18,520 --> 00:22:21,680 SO IF YOU KNOW SOMEONE WHO IS 616 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:24,520 WORKING IN THE PRE-K THROUGH 1 617 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:26,240 STEM EDUCATION OR PUBLIC 618 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:28,200 OUTREACH, THE PROGRAM ALSO FUNDS 619 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:29,240 PUBLIC OUTREACH AND SCIENCE 620 00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:31,120 CENTERS AND THROUGH OTHER 621 00:22:31,120 --> 00:22:33,880 VENUES, PLEASE LET THEM KNOW 622 00:22:33,880 --> 00:22:36,480 ABOUT THIS OPPORTUNITY. 623 00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:38,440 WE ACTUALLY CHANGED THE 624 00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:39,080 ELIGIBILITY SUCH THAT 625 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:40,400 INSTITUTIONS USED TO BE LIMITED 626 00:22:40,400 --> 00:22:43,040 TO HAVING ONE SEPA PER 627 00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:43,920 INSTITUTION, AND WE'VE 628 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:45,680 ELIMINATED THAT CAP. 629 00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:47,200 SO NOW INSTITUTIONS CAN HAVE 630 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,840 MORE THAN ONE SEPA AWARD AS LONG 631 00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:52,560 AS THEY ARE DISTINCT 632 00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:52,920 SCIENTIFICALLY. 633 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:53,640 SOME ADDITIONAL INITIATIVES THAT 634 00:22:53,640 --> 00:22:56,040 ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT BY THE 635 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:59,800 CAREER PATHWAYS PORTION OF UNITE 636 00:22:59,800 --> 00:23:01,200 E INCLUDE INCORPORATION OF 637 00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:02,280 DIVERSITY AND MENTOR TRAINING 638 00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:05,120 LANGUAGE INTO THE PARENT 639 00:23:05,120 --> 00:23:06,360 TRAINING GRANT, T32, AND 640 00:23:06,360 --> 00:23:08,320 FELLOWSHIP FOAs. 641 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:10,160 THIS WILL INCLUDE EXPECTATIONS 642 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:11,480 OF MENTOR TRAINING AND 643 00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:13,560 ASSESSMENT, AND MAKING THE 644 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:15,440 RECRUITMENT PLAN TO ENHANCE 645 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:17,520 DIVERSITY SCORE DRIVING. 646 00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:19,120 THAT WORK IS UNDERWAY. 647 00:23:19,120 --> 00:23:21,440 THERE'S ALSO A WORK GOING ON TO 648 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:23,160 EXPAND USE OF DIVERSITY 649 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:23,840 SUPPLEMENTS FOR SMALL BUSINESS 650 00:23:23,840 --> 00:23:24,160 GRANTS. 651 00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,920 I SAW IN THE PREVIOUS 652 00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:27,400 PRESENTATION THAT NIDCD 653 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:29,200 PARTICIPATES IN THAT. 654 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,280 SO THE GROUP ACTUALLY WORKING 655 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:33,160 WITH THE NIH SEED OFFICE HAS NOW 656 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:36,440 ON THE SEED OFFICE WEBSITE A 657 00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:39,400 SORT OF MATCH-MAKER IN WHICH 658 00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:41,680 PEOPLE INTERESTED IN -- STUDENTS 659 00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:43,760 FOR INSTANCE IN INTERESTED IN A 660 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:45,080 SUMMER INTERNSHIP AT A SMALL 661 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:46,520 BUSINESS CAN FIND SMALL 662 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:47,600 BUSINESSES FUNDED IN THEIR AREA, 663 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:49,000 CAN REACH OUT TO THEM AND CAN 664 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:50,520 TALK ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF 665 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:52,920 WORKING THERE, FUNDED THROUGH A 666 00:23:52,920 --> 00:24:00,760 SUPPLEMENT TO THEIR SBIR OR STTR 667 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:01,360 GRANTS. 668 00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:02,040 THERE'S ACTIVITIES IN 669 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:03,600 ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING FOR 670 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:05,680 FACULTY, STUDENTS, TRAINEES AT 671 00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:06,400 MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS, 672 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:07,760 ALSO IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NIH 673 00:24:07,760 --> 00:24:09,600 SEED OFFICE. 674 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:12,440 THE SEED OFFICE HAS A TERRIFIC 675 00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:14,960 WEBSITE ABOUT BUILDING DIVERSITY 676 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:16,160 IN SMALL BIOTECH BUSINESSES, IF 677 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:17,280 YOU'RE INTERESTED IN THAT AREA, 678 00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:18,360 I COMMEND IT TO YOU. 679 00:24:18,360 --> 00:24:22,000 YOU CAN GET THERE FROM THE 680 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:23,080 WEBSITE LINK HERE. 681 00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:27,480 AND THIS GROUP HAS ALSO BEEN 682 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:32,640 ENGAGED IN PLAN TO INCREASE 683 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:34,080 DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES IN NIH FOE 684 00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:36,240 AS, THE INITIATIVE THE NIH BRAIN 685 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:38,440 INITIATIVE DEVELOPED. 686 00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:41,960 IT IS A ONE-PAGE ADDITIONAL 687 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:44,440 ATTACHMENT TO NIH APPLICATIONS 688 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:45,640 THAT USE IT. 689 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:48,640 AND IT EXPLAINS TO THE REVIEWERS 690 00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:52,680 AND TO NIH STAFF HOW THAT WORK 691 00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:53,520 WILL INCORPORATE DIVERSE 692 00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:55,520 PERSPECTIVES TO STRENGTHEN THE 693 00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:56,400 RESEARCH. 694 00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:57,280 AND THOSE DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES 695 00:24:57,280 --> 00:24:59,440 CAN COME FROM A VARIETY OF 696 00:24:59,440 --> 00:24:59,960 AREAS. 697 00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:02,080 THEY CAN BE INCLUDING DIFFERENT 698 00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:03,960 INSTITUTION TYPES IN THE 699 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:07,240 RESEARCH, IT CAN BE INCLUDING 700 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:08,320 DIFFERENT KINDS OF APPROACHES TO 701 00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:10,080 THE RESEARCH. 702 00:25:10,080 --> 00:25:12,640 IT CAN BE RECRUITING INDIVIDUALS 703 00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:13,600 FROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS TO 704 00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:14,880 WORK IN THE RESEARCH. 705 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:16,520 BUT A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT WAYS 706 00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:20,400 CAN BE BROUGHT TO BEAR TO 707 00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:21,480 ENHANCE THOSE DIVERSE 708 00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:21,800 PERSPECTIVES. 709 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:23,880 IN ADDITION TO THE BRAIN 710 00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:25,080 INSTITUTE -- THE BRAIN 711 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:28,600 INITIATIVE, WHICH IS USING IT IN 712 00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:31,240 MOST OF ITS FOAs, A NUMBER OF 713 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:37,480 OTHER I.C.s STARTED PILING USE 714 00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:41,200 OF PEDP INCLUDING NIGMS, PUTTING 715 00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:43,720 IT INTO OUR RESEARCH FOAs NOW. 716 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,880 THE GOAL IS TO TRY TO EXPAND 717 00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:50,640 FURTHER THROUGHOUT NIH. 718 00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:53,360 MOVING NOW TO INEQUITIES AT 719 00:25:53,360 --> 00:25:53,960 EXTRAMURAL INSTITUTIONS, 720 00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:55,000 PARTICULARLY FOCUSING AGAIN ON 721 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:58,160 THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE, 722 00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:00,600 WHY DID THE GROUP FOCUS ON 723 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:02,560 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE AND 724 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:03,040 ENVIRONMENT? 725 00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:03,760 IT'S BECAUSE THE ANALOGY HAS 726 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:05,520 BEEN MADE TO THE CULTURE AND 727 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:07,040 ENVIRONMENT AT THE INSTITUTION 728 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:09,000 BEING LIKE THE SOIL. 729 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:12,840 SO IF THAT SOIL IS NOT 730 00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:16,240 APPROPRIATELY RICH IN NUTRIENTS 731 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:17,200 AND CONSTRUCTED DOESN'T MATTER 732 00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:18,640 HOW MANY SEEDS YOU PLANT OR HOW 733 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:19,840 MANY PLANTS YOU PUT IN THE SOIL. 734 00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:22,040 THEY ARE NOT GOING TO THRIVE. 735 00:26:22,040 --> 00:26:26,520 SO IN ORDER TO HAVE A THRIVING 736 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:27,800 AND DIVERSE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 737 00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:29,680 ECOSYSTEM WE REALLY NEED THE 738 00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:31,840 CULTURES AT INSTITUTIONS TO BE 739 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:34,320 ONES THAT SUPPORT INCLUSIVENESS 740 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:38,720 AND DIVERSITY IF THE GOAL IS TO 741 00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:40,800 STRENGTHEN CULTURE THROUGH 742 00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:42,840 INCLUSIVENESS AND STRENGTHEN 743 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:45,560 RESEARCH THROUGH INCLUSIVENESS 744 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:46,760 AND DIVERSITY. 745 00:26:46,760 --> 00:26:51,640 SO, NIH HAS A LOT OF PROGRAMS TO 746 00:26:51,640 --> 00:26:53,600 INCREASE THE PIPELINE, IF YOU 747 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:54,720 WILL, OF STUDENTS GOING IN 748 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:57,960 DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE CAREER 749 00:26:57,960 --> 00:26:59,840 AND TO DIVERSIFY THAT SET OF 750 00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:01,040 CAREER PATHS. 751 00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:02,960 THE PEOPLE GOING INTO DIFFERENT 752 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:03,520 CAREER PATHS. 753 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:04,760 BUT NOT MUCH ATTENTION HAS BEEN 754 00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:06,360 PAID TO THE CULTURE. 755 00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:08,560 THAT'S WHY THE GROUP FELT 756 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:09,760 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE WAS REALLY 757 00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:13,160 AN AREA THAT NEEDED MUCH MORE 758 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:14,800 ATTENTION FROM NIH. 759 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:16,680 WHEN WE STARTED DELVING INTO 760 00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:18,320 LITERATURE ON THIS HOW 761 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:19,520 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE CAN BE 762 00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:21,920 CHANGED AND IMPROVED WE FOUND A 763 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:23,640 LOT OF EVIDENCE THAT THE FIRST 764 00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:27,600 STEP NEEDS TO BE ASSESSING THAT 765 00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:31,000 CULTURE THROUGH STRUCTURED 766 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:32,080 CLIMATE ASSESSMENTS AND SELF 767 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:32,320 STUDIES. 768 00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:35,280 THESE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF 769 00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:36,240 PAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS THAT 770 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:37,640 HAVE COME TO THAT CONCLUSION. 771 00:27:37,640 --> 00:27:39,080 SO TO QUOTE ONE OF THEM, 772 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:42,600 CAMPUSES THAT STRIVE TO BECOME 773 00:27:42,600 --> 00:27:43,280 FUNCTIONAL MULTICULTURAL 774 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:44,240 LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS CAN NOW 775 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:46,880 RELY ON BODY OF EMPIRICAL 776 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:48,520 INFORMATION TO GUIDE PRACTICE 777 00:27:48,520 --> 00:27:49,720 AND CRITICAL SELF-ASSESSMENT TO 778 00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:51,480 DEEPEN THEIR COMMITMENT TO 779 00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:51,840 DIVERSITY. 780 00:27:51,840 --> 00:27:54,320 SO WE FELT BASED ON THIS 781 00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:57,400 LITERATURE THAT IF NIH COULD DO 782 00:27:57,400 --> 00:28:00,240 SOMETHING TO ENABLE AND PROMOTE 783 00:28:00,240 --> 00:28:02,640 INSTITUTIONS TO DO THESE KINDS 784 00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:04,720 OF CLIMATE ASSESSMENTS FOLLOWED 785 00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:05,520 BY CRITICAL SELF-STUDIES, 786 00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:07,800 FOLLOWED BY USING THAT 787 00:28:07,800 --> 00:28:09,240 INFORMATION TO DEVELOP STRATEGIC 788 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:11,200 ACTION PLANS, IT WOULD BE A VERY 789 00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:13,840 GOOD FIRST STEP TO IMPROVING 790 00:28:13,840 --> 00:28:16,760 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE TO SUPPORT 791 00:28:16,760 --> 00:28:17,120 DEIA. 792 00:28:17,120 --> 00:28:19,320 SO, WE WILL BE LAUNCHING A NEW 793 00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:20,960 PROGRAM, THIS WILL BE A PROGRAM 794 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:22,560 TO GIVE GRANTS TO INSTITUTIONS, 795 00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:24,760 SO THAT THEY CAN DO JUST THIS. 796 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,960 SO, THE GRANTS WILL PROVIDE 797 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:30,000 SUPPORT FOR CONDUCTING OBJECTIVE 798 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:30,880 CLIMATE ASSESSMENTS USING 799 00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:31,680 VALIDATED INSTRUMENTS, AND THERE 800 00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:35,040 ARE A NUMBER OF VALIDATED 801 00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:39,240 INSTRUMENTS FOR CONDUCTING THESE 802 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:41,080 OUT THERE ALREADY. 803 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:44,360 ONCE THE CLIMATE OF 804 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:45,800 SELF-ASSESSMENTS ARE DONE, 805 00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:47,760 INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE, CULTURE 806 00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:50,280 CHANGE NEEDS, AND OTHER ASPECTS 807 00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:51,520 RELATED TO THE INSTITUTIONAL 808 00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:53,520 ENVIRONMENT, AND TAKING ALL THAT 809 00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:54,760 INFORMATION AND DEVELOPING 810 00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:57,520 ACTION PLANS FOR CULTURE CHANGE 811 00:28:57,520 --> 00:29:00,120 THAT WOULD INCLUDE METRICS AND 812 00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:03,200 METHODS FOR ASSESSING PROGRESS, 813 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:05,600 PLANS FOR DISSEMINATING RESULTS 814 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:07,240 AND SUSTAINING THE EFFORTS. 815 00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:08,240 AN IMPORTANT ISSUE HERE OF 816 00:29:08,240 --> 00:29:10,200 COURSE IS THERE ARE MANY 817 00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:11,640 DIFFERENT KINDS OF INSTITUTIONS 818 00:29:11,640 --> 00:29:14,040 THAT NIH ENGAGES WITH AND 819 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:14,280 SUPPORTS. 820 00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:15,680 SOME HAVE A VERY LIMITED 821 00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:18,400 RESOURCES TO DO THIS KIND OF 822 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:18,720 THING. 823 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:20,040 OTHERS HAVE VERY LARGE 824 00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:20,840 ENDOWMENTS AND COULD EASILY 825 00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:22,680 SUPPORT THESE KINDS OF THINGS ON 826 00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:23,680 THEIR OWN. 827 00:29:23,680 --> 00:29:25,720 SO, THE GROUP FELT IT WAS 828 00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:27,720 IMPORTANT THAT INSTITUTIONAL 829 00:29:27,720 --> 00:29:29,440 NEEDS AND AVAILABLE RESOURCES BE 830 00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:31,320 TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN MAKING 831 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:33,080 DECISIONS ON AWARDS. 832 00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:34,120 SO SOME INSTITUTIONS MAY GET 833 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,120 SMALLER GRANTS THAT ARE JUST 834 00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:36,920 CATALYTIC TO ENCOURAGE THEM TO 835 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:40,160 DO THIS KIND OF WORK. 836 00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:42,480 OTHER INSTITUTIONS WITH MUCH 837 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:45,440 LESS RESOURCE WILL PROBABLY GET 838 00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:46,720 LARGER GRANTS THAT WILL ACTUALLY 839 00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:48,280 ENABLE THEM TO DO THE WORK. 840 00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,760 THE MODEL WE'RE USING FOR MOST 841 00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:53,520 OF THESE INITIATIVES THAT ARE 842 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:54,200 FOA-BASED, FUNDING 843 00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:55,600 OPPORTUNITIES, IS THAT I.C.s 844 00:29:55,600 --> 00:29:58,120 WILL SIGN ON AND FUND AND MANAGE 845 00:29:58,120 --> 00:29:59,560 GRANTS WITH THE OVERALL 846 00:29:59,560 --> 00:30:00,760 COORDINATION OF ONE INSTITUTE. 847 00:30:00,760 --> 00:30:03,480 IN THIS CASE THE INSTITUTES 848 00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:06,240 THAT'S AGREED TO COORDINATE IS 849 00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:08,640 DENTAL AND CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH 850 00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:09,520 INSTITUTE, NIDCR. 851 00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:12,920 THIS CONCEPT WAS CLEARED BY 852 00:30:12,920 --> 00:30:14,760 NIGMS COUNCIL LAST YEAR, LAST 853 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:17,400 FEBRUARY, AND THE FOA IS 854 00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:18,120 CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND 855 00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:21,080 HOPEFULLY WILL BE OUT IN THE 856 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:22,880 NEXT FEW MONTHS. 857 00:30:22,880 --> 00:30:24,480 A SECOND PROGRAM THAT'S COME OUT 858 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:26,360 OF THIS COMMITTEE IS A PROGRAM 859 00:30:26,360 --> 00:30:28,240 WE'RE CALLING RESEARCH WITH 860 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:29,680 ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DIVERSITY, 861 00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:30,520 OR REWARD. 862 00:30:30,520 --> 00:30:33,720 THIS WILL BE A FIVE-YEAR 863 00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:35,560 COMBINED RESEARCH AND MENTORING 864 00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:37,640 R01 GRANT PROGRAM FOR P.I.s 865 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:39,520 WHO DEMONSTRATED EXCELLENCE IN 866 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:41,360 PROMOTING DIVERSITY, EQUITY, 867 00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:44,000 INCLUSION AND ACCESSIBILITY IN 868 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:45,760 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. 869 00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:46,960 SO, THESE R01s WILL PROVIDE 870 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:48,920 SUPPORT FOR TWO THINGS, BOTH FOR 871 00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:51,120 P.I. Z RESEARCH PROGRAM ITSELF, 872 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,920 AND ALSO FOR THE P.I.s TO 873 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:56,240 CONTINUE EXCELLENT DEIA EFFORTS 874 00:30:56,240 --> 00:31:01,280 THEY HAVE BEEN CONDUCTING 875 00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:01,520 ALREADY. 876 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:06,720 ONE OF THE GOALS IS TO HELP 877 00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:08,920 OFFSET DIVERSITY TAX, 878 00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:10,360 OBSERVATION PEOPLE ENGAGED IN 879 00:31:10,360 --> 00:31:14,840 DIVERSITY EFFORTS WHO ARE VERY 880 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:17,000 FREQUENTLY FROM UNDERREPRESENTED 881 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:18,360 BACKGROUNDS ARE PAYING A TAX 882 00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:20,000 BECAUSE EFFORTS ARE TAKING AWAY 883 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:22,640 FROM THEIR OTHER EFFORTS, 884 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:23,280 PARTICULARLY RESEARCH 885 00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:23,680 ACTIVITIES. 886 00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:25,240 THAT THEN CAN SET THEIR CAREERS 887 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:27,680 BACK BECAUSE THEY ARE SPENDING 888 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:29,480 TIME ON THE DEIA EFFORTS WHERE, 889 00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:31,160 COLLEAGUES ARE NOT DOING THAT 890 00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:32,600 AND GETTING TO SPEND ALL THEIR 891 00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:34,920 TIME ON RESEARCH EFFORTS. 892 00:31:34,920 --> 00:31:36,640 SO THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED IN 893 00:31:36,640 --> 00:31:39,520 PART AS A REBATE TO PAY BACK 894 00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:41,560 SOME OF THAT TAX SO PEOPLE WHO 895 00:31:41,560 --> 00:31:44,080 ARE DOING GREAT THINGS TO 896 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:45,840 PROMOTE DEIA WILL NOT SUFFER AS 897 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:47,120 MUCH AS THEY OTHERWISE WITH IN 898 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:50,880 TERMS OF THEIR RESEARCH CAREERS. 899 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:56,040 IT WILL PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC 900 00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:57,760 RESEARCH DIRECTLY COMMITTED TO 901 00:31:57,760 --> 00:31:59,840 ADVANCING DEIA, THAT WILL HAVE 902 00:31:59,840 --> 00:32:01,360 ANCILLARY BENEFITS BOTH FOR 903 00:32:01,360 --> 00:32:04,280 THEIR RESEARCH AND FOR THE 904 00:32:04,280 --> 00:32:05,000 RESEARCH ENTERPRISE OVERALL, YOU 905 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:09,480 KNOW, BECAUSE OF THAT INCREASED 906 00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:16,160 DIVERSITY. 907 00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:18,360 THE PROGRAM COMPLEMENTS THE 908 00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:19,760 COSWD PROGRAM. 909 00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:22,400 THESE GRANTS WILL GO TO PEOPLE 910 00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:26,880 WHO DO NOT ALREADY HAVE MAJOR 911 00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:27,560 NIH AWARDS. 912 00:32:27,560 --> 00:32:29,920 THAT WILL LEAD TO BROADENING OF 913 00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:34,120 FUNDED POOL OF INVESTIGATORS 914 00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:40,120 THAT NIH SUPPORTS ICs WILL 915 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:43,720 SIGN ON AND FUND AND MANAGE 916 00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:46,920 GRANTS, AND THIS CONCEPT WAS 917 00:32:46,920 --> 00:32:49,640 CLEARED BY COUNCIL LAST 918 00:32:49,640 --> 00:32:50,520 FEBRUARY, FOA IS UNDER 919 00:32:50,520 --> 00:32:51,600 DEVELOPMENT RIGHT NOW. 920 00:32:51,600 --> 00:32:54,880 I'VE READ IT SEVERAL TIMES. 921 00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:57,200 WE ALSO FELT THERE SHOULD BE 922 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:58,400 SOME REWARD FOR INSTITUTIONS 923 00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:02,560 THAT ARE DOING EXCELLENT THINGS 924 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:03,720 IN DEIA. 925 00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:04,640 AND THEREFORE PRIZE PROGRAM IS 926 00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:05,720 GOING TO BE LAUNCHED. 927 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:08,040 THERE WAS A REQUEST FOR 928 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:08,920 INFORMATION RELATED TO THIS 929 00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:11,520 CONCEPT HAVING A PRIZE FOR 930 00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:13,920 INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE DONE 931 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:15,120 PARTICULARLY EXCEPTIONAL THINGS 932 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:16,800 IN DEIA. 933 00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:17,960 THAT CLOSED LAST JULY. 934 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:20,440 THE RESULTS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED, 935 00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:22,560 THERE'S A GROUP NOW WORKING ON 936 00:33:22,560 --> 00:33:24,320 DEVELOPING THIS CONCEPT OF 937 00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:25,760 GIVING PRIZES TO INSTITUTIONS 938 00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:27,840 THAT HAVE DONE EXCEPTIONAL 939 00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:30,400 THINGS IN DEIA. 940 00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:31,600 BOTH TO INCENTIVIZE INSTITUTIONS 941 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,280 TO DO EXCEPTIONAL THINGS, BUT 942 00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:35,440 ALSO TO TRY TO DISSEMINATE 943 00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:37,640 THINGS THEY HAVE DONE BY SHINING 944 00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:38,840 A SPOTLIGHT ON THEM, AND 945 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:40,120 HOPEFULLY MAKING OTHERS IN THE 946 00:33:40,120 --> 00:33:43,480 COMMUNITY AWARE OF THOSE BEST 947 00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:43,760 PRACTICES. 948 00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:44,680 ALSO ONE HOPES THIS MIGHT CAUSE 949 00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:47,480 A LITTLE BIT OF PEER PRESSURE 950 00:33:47,480 --> 00:33:51,520 AMONGST INSTITUTIONS OR SORT OF 951 00:33:51,520 --> 00:33:52,160 SIBLING RIVALRY, BECAUSE 952 00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:53,640 INSTITUTIONS WILL WE HOPE WANT 953 00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:55,240 THIS RECOGNITION THEY CAN PUT ON 954 00:33:55,240 --> 00:33:58,080 THEIR WEB SITE AND SAY WE WERE 955 00:33:58,080 --> 00:33:59,600 RECOGNIZED FOR EXCELLENT THINGS 956 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:01,920 WE'VE DONE IN DEIA, AND THAT 957 00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:02,720 WILL INCENTIVIZE OTHER 958 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:04,120 INSTITUTIONS TO WANT TO ALSO UP 959 00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:07,960 THEIR GAME IN THIS SPACE AS 960 00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:08,160 WELL. 961 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:09,960 ADDITIONAL THINGS UNDER 962 00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:11,160 DEVELOPMENT BY INSTITUTIONAL 963 00:34:11,160 --> 00:34:12,760 CULTURE GROUP, A GROUP LED IN 964 00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:17,280 FACT BY YOUR OWN DEB TUCCI, IS 965 00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:19,240 WORKING WITH PROFESSIONAL 966 00:34:19,240 --> 00:34:20,680 SOCIETIES TO ENCOURAGE 967 00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:24,720 INSTITUTIONS TO REVISE PRO 968 00:34:24,720 --> 00:34:27,200 MOTION, TENURE AND RECOGNITION 969 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,520 POLICIES TO SUPPORT DEIA, QUITE 970 00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:31,560 CRITICAL TO IMPROVING CULTURES 971 00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:32,200 AT INSTITUTIONS. 972 00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:34,720 WE LEARNED THE AMERICAN 973 00:34:34,720 --> 00:34:36,400 ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES 974 00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,680 A.A.U HAS A REALLY GOOD REPORT 975 00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:40,800 ON ISSUES RELATED TO RACIAL 976 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:41,760 EQUITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION, AND 977 00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:43,440 A WHOLE SECTION OF THAT REPORT 978 00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:46,600 IS ON THIS EXACT TOPIC AND MAKES 979 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:47,600 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS. 980 00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:50,960 SO, THEY ARE PARTICIPATING IN 981 00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:53,280 THIS EFFORT WITH DEB'S GROUP AND 982 00:34:53,280 --> 00:34:54,520 HOPEFULLY THAT REPORT THEY PUT 983 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:57,520 OUT CAN BE USED AS A CORNERSTONE 984 00:34:57,520 --> 00:34:59,840 FOR ENCOURAGING MORE AND MORE 985 00:34:59,840 --> 00:35:02,360 INSTITUTIONS TO MODIFY THEIR 986 00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:04,720 PROMOTION AND TENURE GUIDELINES. 987 00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:07,640 WE ALSO HAD A STRONG INTEREST IN 988 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:10,280 HAVING NIH REQUIRE INSTITUTIONS 989 00:35:10,280 --> 00:35:11,680 TO HAVE BEHAVIORAL CODES OF 990 00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:11,960 CONDUCT. 991 00:35:11,960 --> 00:35:14,120 WE LEARNED IN THE COURSE OF THIS 992 00:35:14,120 --> 00:35:16,640 WORK THAT TURNED OUT THE ONLY 993 00:35:16,640 --> 00:35:18,000 REQUIREMENT NIH HAD FOR 994 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:20,040 BEHAVIORAL CODES OF CONDUCT AT 995 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:21,680 ITS GRANTEE INSTITUTIONS RELATED 996 00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:23,240 TO FINANCIAL CONFLICT OF 997 00:35:23,240 --> 00:35:23,560 INTEREST. 998 00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:24,880 AND THAT DIDN'T SEEM ADEQUATE. 999 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:26,960 WE THOUGHT THEY SHOULD ALSO HAVE 1000 00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:28,720 BEHAVIORAL CODES OF CONDUCT 1001 00:35:28,720 --> 00:35:31,960 RELATED TO THINGS LIKE 1002 00:35:31,960 --> 00:35:32,720 DISCRIMINATION, HARASSMENT, 1003 00:35:32,720 --> 00:35:33,840 HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENTS. 1004 00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:36,160 I'M PLEASED TO SAY THAT THAT HAS 1005 00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:38,120 NOW COME TO FRUITION. 1006 00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:41,600 AND IN FACT JUST I GUESS LAST 1007 00:35:41,600 --> 00:35:43,240 MONTH IT WAS ANNOUNCED NIH NOW 1008 00:35:43,240 --> 00:35:45,000 WILL BE REQUIRING THIS. 1009 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,520 IT'S PART OF THE GRANTS POLICY 1010 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:48,640 STATEMENT AND THEREFORE PART OF 1011 00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:50,120 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF AWARD OF 1012 00:35:50,120 --> 00:35:50,440 GRANT. 1013 00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:52,000 I WON'T READ THE TEXT. 1014 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:54,520 THIS IS FROM THE NEW NIH GRANTS 1015 00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:55,600 POLICY STATEMENT. 1016 00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:57,240 BUT IT SAYS RECIPIENT 1017 00:35:57,240 --> 00:35:58,880 ORGANIZATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO 1018 00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:00,960 ESTABLISH CODES OF CONDUCT WHICH 1019 00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:03,320 DEFINE EXPECTATIONS OF INTEGRITY 1020 00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:04,720 AND ETHICAL VALUES, WHICH 1021 00:36:04,720 --> 00:36:05,800 INCLUDE ASSURING WORK 1022 00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:08,440 ENVIRONMENTS ARE FREE FROM 1023 00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:09,960 DISCRIMINATORY HARASSMENT, SAFE 1024 00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:11,760 AND CONDUCIVE TO HIGH-QUALITY 1025 00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:14,360 WORK AND MIKE LAUER WROTE ABOUT 1026 00:36:14,360 --> 00:36:16,640 THIS ON HIS BLOG I GUESS LAST 1027 00:36:16,640 --> 00:36:20,160 MONTH, OR THE END OF DECEMBER. 1028 00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:23,000 SO, YOU KNOW, AT SOME LEVEL YOU 1029 00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:24,040 HOPE INSTITUTIONS ALREADY HAVE 1030 00:36:24,040 --> 00:36:25,960 THIS, AND MOST I THINK DO. 1031 00:36:25,960 --> 00:36:27,680 BUT THIS CERTAINLY PUTS A 1032 00:36:27,680 --> 00:36:29,600 SPOTLIGHT ON IT, HOPEFULLY IT 1033 00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:32,640 WILL GET THEM TO TAKE ANOTHER 1034 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:34,880 LOOK AT CODES OF CONDUCT AND 1035 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:35,720 GIVES NIH A LEVER BECAUSE THIS 1036 00:36:35,720 --> 00:36:37,720 IS NOW PART OF THE TERMS AND 1037 00:36:37,720 --> 00:36:39,440 CONDITIONS OF A GRANT AND SO IF 1038 00:36:39,440 --> 00:36:41,240 THERE ARE PROBLEMS AT AN 1039 00:36:41,240 --> 00:36:51,400 INSTITUTION NIH HAS ADDITIONAL 1040 00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:54,640 LEVER TO BE ENGAGED AND MAKE 1041 00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:55,440 CORRECTIONAL ACTION. 1042 00:36:55,440 --> 00:36:56,960 YOU JUST HEARD ABOUT A CHANGE WE 1043 00:36:56,960 --> 00:36:59,800 DID MAKE THAT RELATES TO OUR 1044 00:36:59,800 --> 00:37:02,560 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. 1045 00:37:02,560 --> 00:37:04,080 ANOTHER ONE WAS WHEN, YOU KNOW, 1046 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:06,840 THE SPOTLIGHT HAD BEEN PUT ON 1047 00:37:06,840 --> 00:37:10,240 HARASSMENT, A FEW YEARS AGO, 1048 00:37:10,240 --> 00:37:13,160 THROUGH THE #MeToo MOVEMENT, 1049 00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:15,560 EFFORTS, NIH PUT UP A FORM ON 1050 00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:17,440 ITS WEBSITE WHERE PEOPLE CAN 1051 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:21,600 REPORT EITHER ANONYMOUSLY OR NOT 1052 00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:22,720 ANONYMOUSLY ALLEGATIONS OF 1053 00:37:22,720 --> 00:37:24,000 HARASSMENT TO THEMSELVES OR 1054 00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,440 OTHERS AND WE THOUGHT THIS 1055 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:29,760 SHOULD BE EXPANDED TO ALSO 1056 00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:30,840 INCLUDE DISCRIMINATION AND 1057 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,280 UNSAFE OR HOSTILE WORKING 1058 00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:34,480 ENVIRONMENTS, AND THAT HAS NOW 1059 00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:36,440 BEEN DONE. 1060 00:37:36,440 --> 00:37:40,360 SO NOW ANYONE CAN COME TO THE 1061 00:37:40,360 --> 00:37:41,880 WEBSITE AND REPORT ANONYMOUSLY 1062 00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:43,000 OR NOT ALLEGATIONS OF THINGS 1063 00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:45,080 THAT HAPPENED TO THEMSELVES AND 1064 00:37:45,080 --> 00:37:45,560 OTHERS. 1065 00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:48,680 THERE'S A GROUP IN NIH AT THE 1066 00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:49,680 OFFICE OF DIRECTOR THAT LOOKS 1067 00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:50,560 INTO EACH CASE. 1068 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:53,800 IF THERE SEEMS TO BE SUFFICIENT 1069 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,120 CAUSE WILL ACTUALLY TAKE ACTIONS 1070 00:37:56,120 --> 00:37:59,320 TO TRY TO INTERVENE IN SOME WAY. 1071 00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:01,240 SO FAR THERE HAVE BEEN HUNDREDS 1072 00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:03,240 OF SUCH CASES, HUNDREDS OF 1073 00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:07,280 DIFFERENT INTERVENTIONS BY THE 1074 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:07,600 NIH. 1075 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:08,400 SO ADDITIONAL INITIATIVES UNDER 1076 00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:10,400 DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF POLICIES 1077 00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:12,880 AND PROCEDURES GROUP, THERE IS A 1078 00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:15,080 GROUP THAT HAS DEVELOPED NEW AND 1079 00:38:15,080 --> 00:38:17,920 I JUST HEARD -- DEB AND I HEARD 1080 00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:21,120 A GREAT PRESENTATION THIS 1081 00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:23,280 MORNING, NEW TRAINING FOR 1082 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,360 PROGRAM AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 1083 00:38:25,360 --> 00:38:27,360 OFFICERS IN TERMS OF INCLUSIVE 1084 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:28,400 AND EQUITABLE INTERACTIONS WITH 1085 00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:30,520 THE COMMUNITY, MAKING SURE 1086 00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:33,680 PROGRAM OFFICERS AND SROs ARE 1087 00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:34,520 NOT INADVERTENTLY FAVORING 1088 00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:37,080 PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY ARE FAMOUS 1089 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:40,440 OR AT A CERTAIN INSTITUTION, AND 1090 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:41,320 THEREFORE NOT FAVORING PEOPLE 1091 00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:43,080 WHO ARE NOT AT THOSE 1092 00:38:43,080 --> 00:38:44,840 INSTITUTIONS OR NOT FAMOUS IN 1093 00:38:44,840 --> 00:38:46,280 THE SAME WAY. 1094 00:38:46,280 --> 00:38:49,680 I THINK THAT TRAINING WILL BE 1095 00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:50,920 QUITE BENEFICIAL. 1096 00:38:50,920 --> 00:38:53,600 THERE'S A GROUP THAT'S WORKING 1097 00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:55,040 ON NIH-WIDE REPORTING OF 1098 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:59,400 POTENTIAL BIAS IN PEER REVIEW. 1099 00:38:59,400 --> 00:39:01,280 THIS IS IN CONJUNCTION WITH 1100 00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:02,160 CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 1101 00:39:02,160 --> 00:39:03,600 WHICH HAD REPORTING IN PLACE AND 1102 00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:08,040 NOW WILL BE MADE NIH WIDE SO THE 1103 00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:09,040 I.C.s REVIEW OFFICES WILL USE 1104 00:39:09,040 --> 00:39:12,560 A SIMILAR SORT OF PROCEDURE FOR 1105 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,080 REPORTING POTENTIAL BIASES, BIAS 1106 00:39:15,080 --> 00:39:16,280 IN PEER REVIEW. 1107 00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:18,880 CSR HAD IN PLACE ANTI-BIAS 1108 00:39:18,880 --> 00:39:20,760 TRAINING FOR REVIEWERS AND 1109 00:39:20,760 --> 00:39:25,680 SROs, IT WAS PILOTED IN A 1110 00:39:25,680 --> 00:39:28,760 PROGRAM THAT NIGMS MIRROR 1111 00:39:28,760 --> 00:39:30,080 PROGRAM, EXPANDED TO REVIEW 1112 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:31,480 GROUPS, IT'S BEEN WELL RECEIVED. 1113 00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:32,920 THERE'S BEEN A GROUP THAT WORKED 1114 00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:35,080 WITH THEM, IT WILL BE EXPANDED 1115 00:39:35,080 --> 00:39:36,600 WE HOPE ACROSS ALL THE I.C.s 1116 00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:42,320 TO ALL THEIR REVIEW GROUPS AS 1117 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:42,560 WELL. 1118 00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:44,640 AND THEN NONI BURNS AND I HAVE 1119 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:48,320 LED A GROUP THAT HAS BEEN 1120 00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:51,400 WORKING TO REVISE NIH REVIEW 1121 00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:52,920 CRITERIA AND LANGUAGE ASSOCIATED 1122 00:39:52,920 --> 00:39:55,120 WITH THE NIH REVIEW PROCESS, TO 1123 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:56,760 TRY IN PART TO REDUCE BIAS. 1124 00:39:56,760 --> 00:39:59,600 ALSO AIMED AT TRYING TO REDUCE 1125 00:39:59,600 --> 00:40:01,160 ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN. 1126 00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:04,560 YOU CAN READ ABOUT THAT HERE BUT 1127 00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:06,160 THAT GROUP IS ALSO MAKING 1128 00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:07,040 PROGRESS, THERE'S A REQUEST FOR 1129 00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:11,640 INFORMATION OUT WITH THE 1130 00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:13,200 COMMUNITY RIGHT NOW REGARDING 1131 00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:13,600 PROPOSED CHANGES. 1132 00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:15,240 ANOTHER GROUP HAS BEEN WORKING 1133 00:40:15,240 --> 00:40:17,080 ON DEVELOPING GUIDELINES FOR 1134 00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:18,120 WRITING APPROPRIATE FOAs, I 1135 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:19,960 THINK IT WAS RECOGNIZED SOME 1136 00:40:19,960 --> 00:40:23,360 LANGUAGE SOMETIMES THAT IS IN 1137 00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:26,080 FOAs MAY DISCOURAGE CERTAIN 1138 00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:27,080 APPLICANTS OR BIAS REVIEWERS IN 1139 00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:28,840 ONE WAY OR ANOTHER AND THE GROUP 1140 00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:32,000 DID GREAT RESEARCH ON HOW TO 1141 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:34,200 REDUCE THOSE KINDS OF 1142 00:40:34,200 --> 00:40:35,400 UNINTENTIONAL BIASES THAT CAN 1143 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:38,480 CREEP INTO A DOCUMENT THROUGH 1144 00:40:38,480 --> 00:40:40,640 THE USE OF LANGUAGE. 1145 00:40:40,640 --> 00:40:42,080 AND FINALLY THERE'S A GROUP 1146 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:43,080 WORKING ON DEVELOPING GUIDELINES 1147 00:40:43,080 --> 00:40:46,600 FOR I.C.s TO USE TO TRY TO 1148 00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:48,320 ENHANCE THEIR PORTFOLIO 1149 00:40:48,320 --> 00:40:48,840 DIVERSITY. 1150 00:40:48,840 --> 00:40:53,040 VERY BROADLY CONSTRUED AREAS OF 1151 00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:53,680 RESEARCH APPROACHES, REGIONS, 1152 00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:55,560 INSTITUTIONS AND NUMBER OF 1153 00:40:55,560 --> 00:40:58,040 INVESTIGATORS FUNDED. 1154 00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:00,720 THAT IS MOVING FORWARD TRYING TO 1155 00:41:00,720 --> 00:41:03,560 FIND WAYS THAT ALL I.C.s THE, 1156 00:41:03,560 --> 00:41:04,880 USING DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO 1157 00:41:04,880 --> 00:41:06,120 FUNDING, THAT'S BEEN A 1158 00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:08,160 CHALLENGE, CAN TAKE THESE IDEAS 1159 00:41:08,160 --> 00:41:12,880 AND TRY TO DIVERSIFY THEIR 1160 00:41:12,880 --> 00:41:15,520 PORTFOLIOS. 1161 00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:17,160 FINALLY BUILDING RESEARCH 1162 00:41:17,160 --> 00:41:18,440 RESOURCES AND CAPACITY AT 1163 00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:20,000 MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTIONS. 1164 00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:22,160 THERE'S A GROUP NOW WORKING ON 1165 00:41:22,160 --> 00:41:27,520 AN FOA FOR A PROGRAM THAT WOULD 1166 00:41:27,520 --> 00:41:28,080 FUND MINORITY-SERVING 1167 00:41:28,080 --> 00:41:30,040 INSTITUTIONS TO ASSESS THEIR 1168 00:41:30,040 --> 00:41:31,680 NEEDS FOR ENHANCING BIOMEDICAL 1169 00:41:31,680 --> 00:41:32,760 RESEARCH AND TRAINING 1170 00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:33,240 CAPACITIES. 1171 00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:36,520 SO THESE GRANTS WOULD ALLOW THEM 1172 00:41:36,520 --> 00:41:37,920 TO DO SELF-ASSESSMENTS, WHAT ARE 1173 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,760 THEIR NEEDS, DEVELOP ACTION 1174 00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:42,080 PLANS BASED ON THOSE RESULTS, 1175 00:41:42,080 --> 00:41:45,480 AND THEN USE THAT PLAN TO TRY TO 1176 00:41:45,480 --> 00:41:47,760 IMPROVE THEIR RESEARCH CAPACITY. 1177 00:41:47,760 --> 00:41:49,080 EXAMPLES OF NEEDS THEY MIGHT 1178 00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:52,000 IDENTIFY WOULD BE THINGS LIKE 1179 00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:53,640 DEVELOP OR ENHANCE SPONSORED 1180 00:41:53,640 --> 00:41:54,320 PROGRAMS ADMINISTRATIVE 1181 00:41:54,320 --> 00:41:56,080 CAPABILITIES, A GREAT NEED WE 1182 00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:56,280 SEE. 1183 00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:57,880 IF YOU DON'T HAVE A SPONSORED 1184 00:41:57,880 --> 00:41:59,120 PROGRAMS OFFICE HOW CAN YOU EVEN 1185 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:02,120 APPLY FOR GRANTS IN THE FIRST 1186 00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:02,680 PLACE? 1187 00:42:02,680 --> 00:42:06,360 THAT'S A NEED WE SEE OVER AND 1188 00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:09,120 OVER AGAIN. 1189 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:11,320 MIGHT NEED EQUIPMENT, HIRING IN 1190 00:42:11,320 --> 00:42:12,520 SPECIFIC AREAS, CHANGES TO 1191 00:42:12,520 --> 00:42:13,720 INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES OR 1192 00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:15,480 EXPECTATIONS TO ALLOW THEM TO 1193 00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:17,360 IMPROVE THEIR RESEARCH MISSION 1194 00:42:17,360 --> 00:42:19,760 TO BETTER SERVE THEIR OVERALL 1195 00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:20,400 MISSION. 1196 00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:22,600 THIS CONCEPT WAS CLEARED BY 1197 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:25,000 NIMHD IN MAY, AND THE FOA IS 1198 00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:28,840 ACTIVELY UNDER DEVELOPMENT RIGHT 1199 00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:29,240 NOW. 1200 00:42:29,240 --> 00:42:31,240 WE'RE ALSO WORKING ON 1201 00:42:31,240 --> 00:42:36,160 INSTRUMENTATION GRANT PROGRAM 1202 00:42:36,160 --> 00:42:40,280 FOR MINORITY-SERVING 1203 00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:42,000 INSTITUTION, AN S-10 GRANT FOR 1204 00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:43,640 INSTITUTIONS WITH LIMITED 1205 00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:43,920 RESOURCES. 1206 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:46,680 IDEA TO HELP THEM BUILDING OFF 1207 00:42:46,680 --> 00:42:48,520 THE PREVIOUS FOA TO DEVELOP 1208 00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:49,960 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND 1209 00:42:49,960 --> 00:42:51,360 EDUCATION CAPACITY, IT WILL HAVE 1210 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:56,440 THE SAME MODEL, I.C.s WILL 1211 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,000 PARTICIPATE BY SIGNING ON AND 1212 00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:00,720 FUNDING AWARDS. 1213 00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:03,040 PREVIOUS FOA MANAGED BY NIMHD, 1214 00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:03,880 THIS ONE BY NIGMS. 1215 00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:06,200 THE CONCEPT WAS CLEARED BY OUR 1216 00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:09,680 COUNCIL IN MAY WITH FOA UNDER 1217 00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:10,520 DEVELOPMENT RIGHT NOW. 1218 00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:14,520 THAT GROUP HAS A NUMBER OF 1219 00:43:14,520 --> 00:43:15,280 ADDITIONAL INITIATIVES UNDER 1220 00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:17,800 DEVELOPMENT, FIRST IS NEXT 1221 00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:22,760 GENERATION OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS 1222 00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:24,320 ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT, SPAD 1223 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:27,760 PROGRAM, PART OF THE NIH COMMON 1224 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:29,280 FUND DIVERSITY CONSORTIUM 1225 00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:35,640 MANAGED BY NIGMS, WAS A PROGRAM 1226 00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:43,680 TO ENHANCE OR BUILD OFFICES AT 1227 00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:44,360 UNDERRESOURCES INSTITUTIONS AND 1228 00:43:44,360 --> 00:43:46,560 NOW WE'RE THINKING ABOUT THE 1229 00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:47,760 BEST VERSION, A BROADER 1230 00:43:47,760 --> 00:43:51,840 INITIATIVE THAT WILL BE TARGETED 1231 00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:54,120 AT BUILDING RESEARCH CAPACITY AT 1232 00:43:54,120 --> 00:43:54,800 INSTITUTIONS WITH LIMITED 1233 00:43:54,800 --> 00:43:58,520 RESOURCES WITH A GOAL OF 1234 00:43:58,520 --> 00:43:59,840 ENHANCING DIVERSITY OF 1235 00:43:59,840 --> 00:44:01,000 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. 1236 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:02,880 THAT CONCEPT HAS JUST CLEARED 1237 00:44:02,880 --> 00:44:04,600 YESTERDAY BY MY COUNCIL WITH 1238 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:07,400 GREAT ENTHUSIASM AND A LOT OF I 1239 00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:13,480 THINK REALLY GOOD INPUT INTO THE 1240 00:44:13,480 --> 00:44:14,920 PROGRAM. 1241 00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:16,520 ANOTHER PROGRAM THAT IS OF 1242 00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:18,560 INTEREST AND IS BEING ENGAGED BY 1243 00:44:18,560 --> 00:44:22,160 THE UNITE INITIATIVE IS NIH 1244 00:44:22,160 --> 00:44:25,600 PATHWAYS TO EXCELLENCE AND 1245 00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:26,400 INNOVATION, PEI, OUT OF THE 1246 00:44:26,400 --> 00:44:33,120 OFFICE OF DIRECTOR TO TRY TO 1247 00:44:33,120 --> 00:44:34,200 DIVERSITY INSTITUTIONS THAT 1248 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:36,600 RECEIVE CONTRACTS FROM NIH, 1249 00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:38,800 RESEARCH OR OTHER KINDS OF 1250 00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:40,640 CONTRACTS, WITH A PARTICULAR 1251 00:44:40,640 --> 00:44:42,240 INTEREST IN DEVELOPING THAT 1252 00:44:42,240 --> 00:44:47,920 CONTRACTING CAPACITY AT HIS 1253 00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:49,440 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND 1254 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:49,880 UNIVERSITIES. 1255 00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:52,280 DEB AND I HEARD A PRESENTATION 1256 00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:54,040 THIS MORNING, TO ENHANCE 1257 00:44:54,040 --> 00:44:56,680 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE NIH 1258 00:44:56,680 --> 00:44:59,520 AND MINORITY-SERVING 1259 00:44:59,520 --> 00:44:59,840 INSTITUTIONS. 1260 00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:03,560 SO, TO DEVELOP SOME KIND OF 1261 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:06,080 ENTITY AT NIH, NEXUS FOR THIS 1262 00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:08,160 COMMUNICATION TO BETTER 1263 00:45:08,160 --> 00:45:10,600 UNDERSTAND MSI STRENGTHS, 1264 00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:12,200 CAPABILITIES AND NEEDS TO 1265 00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:15,600 PUBLICIZE AVAILABLE NIH FUNDING 1266 00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:16,880 OPPORTUNITIES TO THESE 1267 00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:17,560 INSTITUTIONS, TO HOLD 1268 00:45:17,560 --> 00:45:18,920 ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE LEADERS OF 1269 00:45:18,920 --> 00:45:20,720 THESE INSTITUTIONS. 1270 00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:22,280 FOR INSTANCE WITH HBCU 1271 00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:24,560 LEADERSHIP SIMILAR TO WHAT 1272 00:45:24,560 --> 00:45:26,080 HAPPENS WITH AAMC COUNCIL OF 1273 00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:29,040 DEANS, AND WE MIGHT DO THIS 1274 00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:31,120 THROUGH CREATION OF AN ENTITY OR 1275 00:45:31,120 --> 00:45:33,520 OFFICE THAT WOULD BE CHARGED 1276 00:45:33,520 --> 00:45:34,840 WITH DOING THIS OUTREACH AND 1277 00:45:34,840 --> 00:45:35,600 COMMUNICATION WORK. 1278 00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:36,920 THAT'S A WORK IN PROGRESS. 1279 00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:39,960 BUT IT IS REALLY A GREAT NEED 1280 00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:44,400 AND SOMETHING I THINK MUST BE 1281 00:45:44,400 --> 00:45:44,880 DONE. 1282 00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:46,400 THIS SHOWS MEMBERSHIP OF THE E 1283 00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:46,920 COMMITTEE. 1284 00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:49,040 THIS SHOWS THE MEMBERSHIP OF ALL 1285 00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:50,480 THE IMPLEMENTATION TEAMS. 1286 00:45:50,480 --> 00:45:53,120 WE'VE BEEN VERY LUCKY TO HAVE 1287 00:45:53,120 --> 00:45:54,560 TREMENDOUS SUPPORT ACROSS NIH, 1288 00:45:54,560 --> 00:45:56,640 ALMOST ALL NIH INSTITUTES AND 1289 00:45:56,640 --> 00:46:00,360 CENTERS PARTICIPATED IN SOME WAY 1290 00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:01,320 IN THIS ENDEAVOR. 1291 00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:03,640 AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO 1292 00:46:03,640 --> 00:46:05,520 CONTINUING TO WORK WITH THEM AS 1293 00:46:05,520 --> 00:46:07,040 WE LAUNCH THESE INITIATIVES. 1294 00:46:07,040 --> 00:46:10,560 I WILL STOP THERE AND HOPEFULLY 1295 00:46:10,560 --> 00:46:11,600 THERE'S TIME FOR QUESTIONS. 1296 00:46:11,600 --> 00:46:12,840 >>WE HAVE TIME. 1297 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:16,600 THANK YOU SO MUCH, JON, FOR YOUR 1298 00:46:16,600 --> 00:46:19,280 LEADERSHIP OF THIS TREMENDOUS 1299 00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:20,320 EFFORT. 1300 00:46:20,320 --> 00:46:21,600 LISA WILL LEAD THE DISCUSSION 1301 00:46:21,600 --> 00:46:23,880 BUT I WANTED TO ASK YOU TO 1302 00:46:23,880 --> 00:46:26,720 COMMENT ON SOMETHING BEFORE WE 1303 00:46:26,720 --> 00:46:28,160 START. 1304 00:46:28,160 --> 00:46:31,680 AND THAT'S THE MOSAIC PROGRAM 1305 00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:39,920 WHICH PREDATES UNITE E. 1306 00:46:39,920 --> 00:46:41,520 I THINK IT'S UNDERAPPRECIATED, 1307 00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:43,360 SO PLEASE USE YOUR PLATFORM. 1308 00:46:43,360 --> 00:46:45,280 >>THANK YOU. 1309 00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:47,120 SO, MOSAIC PROGRAM WE STARTED 1310 00:46:47,120 --> 00:46:48,560 TWO YEARS AGO AT NIGMS. 1311 00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:52,960 WE MANAGE IT BUT AS DEB SAID IT 1312 00:46:52,960 --> 00:46:54,040 IS A TRANS-NIH PROGRAM, 22 1313 00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:55,440 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS I BELIEVE 1314 00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:58,960 AT THIS POINT AND OFFICES 1315 00:46:58,960 --> 00:47:00,040 PARTICIPATE IN IT. 1316 00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:05,000 ITS GOAL IS TO DIVERSIFY THE 1317 00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:08,000 FACULTY RANKS IN RESEARCH 1318 00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:08,840 INTENSIVE POSITIONS. 1319 00:47:08,840 --> 00:47:12,960 AND SO IT IS A TWO-PART PROGRAM. 1320 00:47:12,960 --> 00:47:15,760 IT HAS A DIVERSITY FOCUS 1321 00:47:15,760 --> 00:47:16,600 K99/R00. 1322 00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:20,880 IT SUPPORTS THROUGH THE K99 LATE 1323 00:47:20,880 --> 00:47:22,600 STAGE POSTDOCTORAL MENTORED 1324 00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:23,160 RESEARCH. 1325 00:47:23,160 --> 00:47:24,680 THROUGH THE R00 THE EARLY 1326 00:47:24,680 --> 00:47:28,600 INDEPENDENT PHASE OF THESE 1327 00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:28,960 INVESTIGATORS. 1328 00:47:28,960 --> 00:47:31,240 THE SECOND PART ARE MENTORING 1329 00:47:31,240 --> 00:47:33,000 CENTERS WHICH ARE RUN BY 1330 00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,280 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES. 1331 00:47:35,280 --> 00:47:39,560 SO RIGHT NOW THE AAMC HAS ONE, 1332 00:47:39,560 --> 00:47:41,680 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR 1333 00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:42,920 BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY HAS 1334 00:47:42,920 --> 00:47:43,080 ONE. 1335 00:47:43,080 --> 00:47:44,720 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CELL 1336 00:47:44,720 --> 00:47:46,320 BIOLOGY HAS ONE. 1337 00:47:46,320 --> 00:47:49,320 WE HOPE TO FUND TWO MORE OR SO 1338 00:47:49,320 --> 00:47:51,280 THIS YEAR ACROSS NIH. 1339 00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:53,240 THOSE CENTERS TAKE COHORTS OF 1340 00:47:53,240 --> 00:47:55,360 THE SCHOLARS, DEPENDING ON THEIR 1341 00:47:55,360 --> 00:47:56,760 AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST. 1342 00:47:56,760 --> 00:48:00,600 THEY GIVE THEM ADDITIONAL 1343 00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:01,000 MENTORING. 1344 00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:03,160 THEY GIVE ADDITIONAL SCHOOLS 1345 00:48:03,160 --> 00:48:04,040 DEVELOPMENT, NETWORKING, CAREER 1346 00:48:04,040 --> 00:48:04,680 ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES. 1347 00:48:04,680 --> 00:48:06,680 SO FOR INSTANCE THEY COULD HELP 1348 00:48:06,680 --> 00:48:08,440 THEM WITH JOB SEARCH PROCESS. 1349 00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:11,600 THEY COULD HELP THEM GET THEIR 1350 00:48:11,600 --> 00:48:14,320 CHALK TALKS READY, HELP 1351 00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:15,760 NEGOTIATE START-UP PACKAGES. 1352 00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:16,760 WHEN THEY TRANSITION TO 1353 00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:18,080 INDEPENDENT POSITIONS THEY HELP 1354 00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:22,440 THEM WITH THINGS LIKE LAB 1355 00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:23,280 MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND 1356 00:48:23,280 --> 00:48:24,160 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP 1357 00:48:24,160 --> 00:48:26,280 SKILLS IN THE DEPARTMENT, ET 1358 00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:27,160 CETERA. 1359 00:48:27,160 --> 00:48:28,320 THERE WAS JUST AN ARTICLE, WE 1360 00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:34,600 CAN PUT IT IN THE CHAT, THAT 1361 00:48:34,600 --> 00:48:37,920 ASBNB WROTE ABOUT THE PROGRAM, 1362 00:48:37,920 --> 00:48:39,640 INSPIRING, THAT MIGHT BE THE 1363 00:48:39,640 --> 00:48:41,480 BEST WAY TO LEARN. 1364 00:48:41,480 --> 00:48:45,000 WE HAVE ALL THE SCHOLARS' BIOS 1365 00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:46,280 ON THE WEBSITE, AND PROBABLY 1366 00:48:46,280 --> 00:48:47,640 ABOUT AT THIS POINT 20 HAVE 1367 00:48:47,640 --> 00:48:49,240 ALREADY GOTTEN JOBS. 1368 00:48:49,240 --> 00:48:51,200 BUT THAT MEANS WE FUNDED 80 IN 1369 00:48:51,200 --> 00:48:53,400 THE FIRST TWO YEARS ACROSS NIH 1370 00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:55,840 WHICH IS REALLY AMAZING, FAR 1371 00:48:55,840 --> 00:48:57,160 MORE THAN WE THOUGHT. 1372 00:48:57,160 --> 00:49:00,080 AND THAT MEANS THERE'S ABOUT 60 1373 00:49:00,080 --> 00:49:01,280 SCHOLARS FROM VERY DIVERSE 1374 00:49:01,280 --> 00:49:02,600 BACKGROUNDS UP THERE WHO EITHER 1375 00:49:02,600 --> 00:49:04,360 ARE LOOKING FOR JOBS RIGHT NOW 1376 00:49:04,360 --> 00:49:07,080 OR WHO WILL BE SOON. 1377 00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:08,720 IF YOU ARE IN A POSITION TO 1378 00:49:08,720 --> 00:49:09,920 INFLUENCE HIRING I WOULD 1379 00:49:09,920 --> 00:49:11,240 STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO GO 1380 00:49:11,240 --> 00:49:14,520 THAT WEBSITE AND GET TO KNOW 1381 00:49:14,520 --> 00:49:15,480 THESE SCHOLARS. 1382 00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:17,360 I DON'T WANT TO HEAR ANYONE 1383 00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:19,000 SAYING AGAIN THERE ARE NOT 1384 00:49:19,000 --> 00:49:20,960 PEOPLE LOOKING FOR JOBS ON THE 1385 00:49:20,960 --> 00:49:21,920 ACADEMIC MARKET FROM 1386 00:49:21,920 --> 00:49:22,520 UNDERREPRESENTED BACKGROUNDS 1387 00:49:22,520 --> 00:49:24,120 BECAUSE I HAVE A WEBSITE THAT 1388 00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:26,720 HAS AT LEAST 60 PEOPLE ON IT. 1389 00:49:26,720 --> 00:49:30,360 I'LL JUST SAY IN TERMS OF THE 1390 00:49:30,360 --> 00:49:32,360 DEMOGRAPHICS, THREE-QUARTERS OF 1391 00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:34,640 THE MOSAIC SCHOLARS ARE WOMEN. 1392 00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:36,400 ABOUT 70% ARE FROM 1393 00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:37,400 UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY 1394 00:49:37,400 --> 00:49:38,040 BACKGROUNDS. 1395 00:49:38,040 --> 00:49:39,240 THAT REFLECTS THE APPLICANT 1396 00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:39,560 POOL. 1397 00:49:39,560 --> 00:49:42,760 SO WE'RE REALLY, REALLY PLEASED 1398 00:49:42,760 --> 00:49:43,200 ABOUT THAT. 1399 00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:44,040 THANKS, DEB. 1400 00:49:44,040 --> 00:49:44,640 >>GREAT. 1401 00:49:44,640 --> 00:49:45,440 THANK YOU. 1402 00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:46,680 LISA, I TURN IT OVER TO YOU. 1403 00:49:46,680 --> 00:49:47,800 >>OKAY. 1404 00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:48,280 ALL RIGHTY. 1405 00:49:48,280 --> 00:49:50,200 I'M GOING TO TAKE TWO OR THREE 1406 00:49:50,200 --> 00:49:52,360 MINUTES TO SET THIS UP, I HOPE, 1407 00:49:52,360 --> 00:49:55,880 AND OPEN UP TO DISCUSSION FROM 1408 00:49:55,880 --> 00:49:56,160 EVERYBODY. 1409 00:49:56,160 --> 00:50:00,040 MY CHARGE TODAY AGAIN IS TO GET 1410 00:50:00,040 --> 00:50:00,720 DISCUSSION STARTED. 1411 00:50:00,720 --> 00:50:02,120 AND IT'S BEEN VERY EASY WITH 1412 00:50:02,120 --> 00:50:05,160 THIS GROUP ON THIS TOPIC. 1413 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:06,600 PEOPLE ARE VERY ENGAGED AND 1414 00:50:06,600 --> 00:50:10,320 ENTHUSIASTIC AND I DO WANT TO 1415 00:50:10,320 --> 00:50:17,280 POINT OUT CAROL ESPY-WILSON AND 1416 00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:23,680 CHODHURI ARE HERE AND WHETHER 1417 00:50:23,680 --> 00:50:24,440 CHIME IN. 1418 00:50:24,440 --> 00:50:27,080 IT'S WONDERFUL TO MEET YOU AND 1419 00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:29,280 HEAR FROM YOU, CENDRINE, TODAY, 1420 00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:31,520 TO SO MANY INITIATIVES ARE 1421 00:50:31,520 --> 00:50:31,960 UNDERWAY. 1422 00:50:31,960 --> 00:50:34,400 SO, WHAT I SEE AS THE ROLE OF 1423 00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:38,000 OUR WORKING GROUP AND OF COUNCIL 1424 00:50:38,000 --> 00:50:42,040 AND PLEASE AS A FUNDED RESEARCH 1425 00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:45,320 IN THE EXTRAMURAL WORLD IS THAT 1426 00:50:45,320 --> 00:50:46,840 WE ARE AMBASSADORS. 1427 00:50:46,840 --> 00:50:48,720 OUR GOAL REALLY IS TO 1428 00:50:48,720 --> 00:50:50,440 DISSEMINATE THESE OPPORTUNITIES 1429 00:50:50,440 --> 00:50:52,680 AND IDEAS THAT YOU'RE SHARING, 1430 00:50:52,680 --> 00:50:54,560 AND ATTEMPT TO REALIZE THEM OUT 1431 00:50:54,560 --> 00:50:56,640 THERE IN THE COMMUNITY OF OUR 1432 00:50:56,640 --> 00:50:58,400 UNIVERSITIES, AND OF THE OTHER 1433 00:50:58,400 --> 00:51:02,000 ORGANIZATIONS IN WHICH WE WORK. 1434 00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:04,520 SO BASICALLY I WANTED TO PICK A 1435 00:51:04,520 --> 00:51:06,480 FEW THEMES THAT ARE REALLY -- I 1436 00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:07,480 FIND REALLY IMPORTANT. 1437 00:51:07,480 --> 00:51:08,760 I'M JUST GOING TO ZOOM THROUGH 1438 00:51:08,760 --> 00:51:10,960 THEM AND OPEN IT UP SO PEOPLE 1439 00:51:10,960 --> 00:51:12,480 CAN GRAB THESE THEMES. 1440 00:51:12,480 --> 00:51:15,560 OR GO IN ANOTHER DIRECTION IF 1441 00:51:15,560 --> 00:51:16,640 THEY WISH. 1442 00:51:16,640 --> 00:51:18,600 SO, BASICALLY THE BIG THEME THAT 1443 00:51:18,600 --> 00:51:21,680 I'M HEARING TODAY AMONG OTHERS 1444 00:51:21,680 --> 00:51:23,880 THAT'S RELEVANT TO US IN THE 1445 00:51:23,880 --> 00:51:27,280 EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY IS HOW 1446 00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,360 SHOULD CHANGING NIH POLICY 1447 00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:33,080 STRUCTURE AND CULTURE FILTER TO 1448 00:51:33,080 --> 00:51:33,720 THESE OTHER COMMUNITIES, 1449 00:51:33,720 --> 00:51:34,640 ESPECIALLY UNIVERSITIES. 1450 00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:36,280 TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING 1451 00:51:36,280 --> 00:51:38,320 ENVIRONMENTS WITHIN THESE 1452 00:51:38,320 --> 00:51:38,760 CONTEXTS. 1453 00:51:38,760 --> 00:51:40,600 THAT'S OBVIOUSLY THE KEY 1454 00:51:40,600 --> 00:51:42,800 QUESTION I'VE AT LEAST BEEN 1455 00:51:42,800 --> 00:51:43,800 CONSUMED WITH SINCE WORKING WITH 1456 00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:47,080 OUR TEAM ON THIS WORKING GROUP. 1457 00:51:47,080 --> 00:51:48,960 FIRST OF ALL, I'M JUST GOING TO 1458 00:51:48,960 --> 00:51:51,640 GRAB A FEW THEMES AND OPEN IT AS 1459 00:51:51,640 --> 00:51:52,000 I SAID. 1460 00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,840 SO, MANY OF US VIA OUR OWN 1461 00:51:55,840 --> 00:51:57,680 ORGANIZATIONS AND UNIVERSITIES 1462 00:51:57,680 --> 00:51:59,440 ARE ACTIVELY FORMING ALLIANCES 1463 00:51:59,440 --> 00:52:00,280 WITH MSIs. 1464 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:05,120 AND I KNOW THIS IS A BIG FOCUS 1465 00:52:05,120 --> 00:52:07,760 OF OUR CONVERSATION TODAY. 1466 00:52:07,760 --> 00:52:10,920 AND OBVIOUSLY, IT'S A VERY 1467 00:52:10,920 --> 00:52:13,240 BIDIRECTIONAL, IT WAS MENTIONED, 1468 00:52:13,240 --> 00:52:16,440 NIH MSI CIRCLE, BUT RESEARCH 1469 00:52:16,440 --> 00:52:17,960 INTENSIVE INSTITUTIONS 1470 00:52:17,960 --> 00:52:18,960 DESPERATELY NEED THE INFLUENCE 1471 00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:22,360 OF FACULTY AND STUDENTS FROM 1472 00:52:22,360 --> 00:52:24,200 MSIs TO GROW OUR RESEARCH, TO 1473 00:52:24,200 --> 00:52:28,000 GROW OUR TRAINING EFFORTS. 1474 00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:30,600 AND SO SO MANY THINGS ARE 1475 00:52:30,600 --> 00:52:30,920 UNDERWAY. 1476 00:52:30,920 --> 00:52:35,520 BUT TO ME, HOW CAN THESE 1477 00:52:35,520 --> 00:52:43,080 AFFILIATIONS BE FURTHER 1478 00:52:43,080 --> 00:52:43,320 SUPPORTED? 1479 00:52:43,320 --> 00:52:45,560 INTERINSTITUTIONAL T32, F AND R 1480 00:52:45,560 --> 00:52:45,920 AWARDS. 1481 00:52:45,920 --> 00:52:48,600 I'VE BEEN AT SO MANY MEETINGS AT 1482 00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:49,520 MSIs BRINGING OPPORTUNITIES OF 1483 00:52:49,520 --> 00:52:52,440 STUDENTS TO MY HOME INSTITUTION 1484 00:52:52,440 --> 00:52:53,360 FOR SUMMER PROGRAMS, FOR 1485 00:52:53,360 --> 00:52:55,200 EXAMPLE, IT'S HARD TO GET IT OFF 1486 00:52:55,200 --> 00:52:56,960 THE GROUND ACTUALLY. 1487 00:52:56,960 --> 00:53:01,000 SO, THAT'S CERTAINLY ONE AREA. 1488 00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:03,280 THE OTHER ISSUE IS I THINK THESE 1489 00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:05,680 COMBINED RESEARCH AND MENTORING 1490 00:53:05,680 --> 00:53:07,880 GRANTS ARE A WONDERFUL IDEA AND 1491 00:53:07,880 --> 00:53:11,080 I WOULD LOVE TO DISCUSS 1492 00:53:11,080 --> 00:53:12,800 ACTIONABLE IDEAS HOW TO BUILD 1493 00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:13,840 PARTNERSHIPS AND ENGAGE MORE 1494 00:53:13,840 --> 00:53:15,680 SCIENTISTS IN THIS EFFORT. 1495 00:53:15,680 --> 00:53:18,920 THE TAX YOU MENTIONED IS REAL. 1496 00:53:18,920 --> 00:53:21,920 AND YET WE NEED -- SO I THINK TO 1497 00:53:21,920 --> 00:53:24,000 ESTABLISH MORE SCIENTISTS AGAIN 1498 00:53:24,000 --> 00:53:27,600 IT'S VERY HARD, AT LEAST FROM MY 1499 00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:28,480 PERSPECTIVE, TO ENTER THAT. 1500 00:53:28,480 --> 00:53:30,240 I THINK MANY PEOPLE ARE VERY 1501 00:53:30,240 --> 00:53:33,280 MOTIVATED TO DO SO. 1502 00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:36,800 MY THIRD POINT THEN IS THE ISSUE 1503 00:53:36,800 --> 00:53:37,880 OF ENGAGING OUR PROFESSIONAL 1504 00:53:37,880 --> 00:53:38,160 SOCIETIES. 1505 00:53:38,160 --> 00:53:40,440 I'M JUST TRYING TO THINK OF KEY 1506 00:53:40,440 --> 00:53:42,200 THINGS THAT ARE ACTIONABLE FROM 1507 00:53:42,200 --> 00:53:46,960 THE SIDE OF OUR COMMUNITY. 1508 00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:48,280 DEB, I KNOW, IS WORKING ON THIS. 1509 00:53:48,280 --> 00:53:51,800 MANY OF US ON THE WORKING GROUP 1510 00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:53,880 WORK WITH SOCIETIES VERY 1511 00:53:53,880 --> 00:53:56,400 INVESTED IN GROWING OUR 1512 00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:58,160 PIPELINE, FOR EXAMPLE, AND THUS 1513 00:53:58,160 --> 00:53:59,320 FAR WHAT I'M SEEING A LOT OF, 1514 00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:01,120 AND I SEE HAVE YOU MANY MORE 1515 00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:06,680 PROGRAMS THAT YOU'RE WORKING ON, 1516 00:54:06,680 --> 00:54:08,120 ARE, FOR EXAMPLE, INVITING 1517 00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:10,280 DIVERSE STUDENTS TO CONFERENCES. 1518 00:54:10,280 --> 00:54:11,920 IF THERE WERE OTHER PATHWAYS 1519 00:54:11,920 --> 00:54:13,880 SOME OF THESE STUDENTS COULD 1520 00:54:13,880 --> 00:54:15,440 THEN -- WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THIS 1521 00:54:15,440 --> 00:54:18,320 IN MY OWN SOCIETIES, COULD ENTER 1522 00:54:18,320 --> 00:54:19,600 WORKING -- YOU KNOW, ENTER 1523 00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,520 PEOPLE'S LABS FOR THE SUMMER, TO 1524 00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:23,640 JUST EXTEND THAT PATHWAY FOR 1525 00:54:23,640 --> 00:54:26,280 EXAMPLE, THIS IS AN INCREDIBLE 1526 00:54:26,280 --> 00:54:28,000 PIPELINE AND THERE'S SO MUCH 1527 00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,320 MOTIVATION I THINK IN ALL OF THE 1528 00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:32,280 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES I'M 1529 00:54:32,280 --> 00:54:33,920 INVOLVED IN TO ESTABLISH AND 1530 00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:34,120 BUILD. 1531 00:54:34,120 --> 00:54:39,040 MY VERY LAST ONE AND I'LL TURN 1532 00:54:39,040 --> 00:54:42,000 IT OVER, IS FOR MORE ESTABLISHED 1533 00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:44,960 EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS WHO ARE 1534 00:54:44,960 --> 00:54:47,120 ALREADY IN OUR FIELD, AND YOU'VE 1535 00:54:47,120 --> 00:54:48,880 TALKED ABOUT CHANGING REVIEW 1536 00:54:48,880 --> 00:54:51,640 CRITERIA, HOW DO WE REWARD THE 1537 00:54:51,640 --> 00:54:54,280 INCLUSION OF DIVERSE THEMES IN 1538 00:54:54,280 --> 00:54:54,480 PEOPLE? 1539 00:54:54,480 --> 00:54:57,920 IT'S REALLY AWESOME BIAS IS 1540 00:54:57,920 --> 00:54:59,600 BEING REPORTED, IS BEING FOCUSED 1541 00:54:59,600 --> 00:55:00,640 ON IN PEER REVIEW. 1542 00:55:00,640 --> 00:55:03,680 THIS IS REALLY GREAT. 1543 00:55:03,680 --> 00:55:05,200 THAT SCORABLE CRITERIA ARE, YOU 1544 00:55:05,200 --> 00:55:08,160 KNOW, BEING CHANGED. 1545 00:55:08,160 --> 00:55:13,080 SO THEY ARE NOT OBLIGATORY BUT 1546 00:55:13,080 --> 00:55:14,720 PEOPLE ARE REWARDED BY GRANT 1547 00:55:14,720 --> 00:55:15,840 SCORES FOR INCLUSION OF DIVERSE 1548 00:55:15,840 --> 00:55:17,600 IDEAS AND THEMES. 1549 00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:18,760 WE TALKED ABOUT OUR GROUP, I 1550 00:55:18,760 --> 00:55:25,440 THINK IT'S A GOOD IDEA, THAT 1551 00:55:25,440 --> 00:55:28,160 PEOPLE WHO ARE FROM -- WHO ARE 1552 00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:30,720 UD APPLICANTS ARE INVITED TO BE 1553 00:55:30,720 --> 00:55:32,520 LIKE ESIs AND SUBMIT A LETTER 1554 00:55:32,520 --> 00:55:35,280 AND TO GET A SPECIAL COUNCIL 1555 00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:37,160 REVIEW, FOR EXAMPLE. 1556 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:39,120 SO, AND THIS TO ME JUST REALLY 1557 00:55:39,120 --> 00:55:39,440 RELATES. 1558 00:55:39,440 --> 00:55:45,240 MY LAST POINT IS TENURE AND 1559 00:55:45,240 --> 00:55:45,880 PROMOTION. 1560 00:55:45,880 --> 00:55:48,000 AND ALL OF THIS COMPLETELY 1561 00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:51,040 CONNECTS TO TENURE AND PROMOTION 1562 00:55:51,040 --> 00:55:54,120 ISSUES IN UNIVERSITIES AS WE ALL 1563 00:55:54,120 --> 00:55:55,760 KNOW GRANT PROGRESS AND THE 1564 00:55:55,760 --> 00:55:57,200 RECEIPT OF EXTRAMURAL FUNDING IS 1565 00:55:57,200 --> 00:55:58,680 A KEY COMPONENT OF. 1566 00:55:58,680 --> 00:56:02,440 SO, TO ME, IT'S LIKE WHAT ARE 1567 00:56:02,440 --> 00:56:06,120 THE ACTIONABLE ITEMS WE CAN DO. 1568 00:56:06,120 --> 00:56:07,560 I'LL STOP NOW. 1569 00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:13,360 I'M THANKFUL FOR THE EFFORTS OUR 1570 00:56:13,360 --> 00:56:18,200 REPORT GENERATED AND I'LL LET 1571 00:56:18,200 --> 00:56:21,600 OTHER PEOPLE SPEAK. 1572 00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:21,800 CAROL? 1573 00:56:21,800 --> 00:56:23,760 I WILL TURN IT OVER OR SHOULD I 1574 00:56:23,760 --> 00:56:24,640 CALL ON PEOPLE, DEB? 1575 00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:27,840 >>LISA, CAN YOU DO THAT PLEASE. 1576 00:56:27,840 --> 00:56:28,560 >>OKAY. 1577 00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:31,520 >>I WANT TO ECHO WHAT LISA 1578 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:31,880 SAID. 1579 00:56:31,880 --> 00:56:33,600 THIS IS AMAZING. 1580 00:56:33,600 --> 00:56:36,320 YOU ALL ARE TACKLING THIS DEIA 1581 00:56:36,320 --> 00:56:38,120 AT SO MANY LEVELS. 1582 00:56:38,120 --> 00:56:41,280 I FEEL GREAT RIGHT NOW, I'M ON A 1583 00:56:41,280 --> 00:56:42,960 CLOUD HEARING ALL YOU'RE DOING. 1584 00:56:42,960 --> 00:56:45,200 AND I WANT TO SAY THAT YOU ARE 1585 00:56:45,200 --> 00:56:48,800 AHEAD OF A WHOLE LOT OF 1586 00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:49,160 INSTITUTIONS. 1587 00:56:49,160 --> 00:56:53,160 MOST UNIVERSITIES, MY COLLEGE F 1588 00:56:53,160 --> 00:56:54,400 ENGINEERING, EVERY DEPARTMENT IS 1589 00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:58,960 TRYING TO HAVE AN ASSOCIATE 1590 00:56:58,960 --> 00:57:01,840 CHAIR FOR D.E.I., AT SOMEONE AT 1591 00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:03,160 THE DEAN LEVEL. 1592 00:57:03,160 --> 00:57:04,320 AND ASSOCIATE DEAN FOR D.E.I. 1593 00:57:04,320 --> 00:57:06,520 I THINK IT WOULD BE GREAT IF YOU 1594 00:57:06,520 --> 00:57:09,080 ALL CAN SHARE SOME OF THE THINGS 1595 00:57:09,080 --> 00:57:09,600 YOU'VE DONE. 1596 00:57:09,600 --> 00:57:11,320 SO EVERYBODY DOESN'T HAVE TO 1597 00:57:11,320 --> 00:57:14,320 LEARN IT ALL OVER AGAIN BUT CAN 1598 00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:15,640 BENEFIT FROM THE HARD WORK 1599 00:57:15,640 --> 00:57:16,440 YOU'VE ALREADY DONE. 1600 00:57:16,440 --> 00:57:17,840 IN PARTICULAR THE TRAINING THAT 1601 00:57:17,840 --> 00:57:20,920 YOU'VE MENTIONED IN TERMS OF THE 1602 00:57:20,920 --> 00:57:22,120 PROGRAM OFFICERS AND SROs. 1603 00:57:22,120 --> 00:57:23,200 THAT REALLY NEEDS TO BE IN PLACE 1604 00:57:23,200 --> 00:57:26,960 WHEN IT COMES TO US IN OUR 1605 00:57:26,960 --> 00:57:29,280 HIRING OF NEW FACULTY. 1606 00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:32,920 HOW NOT TO BE BIASED TOWARDS 1607 00:57:32,920 --> 00:57:35,120 CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS, YOU KNOW, 1608 00:57:35,120 --> 00:57:38,080 OR BECAUSE SOMEONE HAD A THESIS 1609 00:57:38,080 --> 00:57:39,400 ADVISER THAT SOMEBODY REALLY 1610 00:57:39,400 --> 00:57:41,680 KNOWS AND THINKS HIGHLY OF, AND 1611 00:57:41,680 --> 00:57:43,040 THAT'S GOING TO WIN EVEN THOUGH 1612 00:57:43,040 --> 00:57:46,000 SOMEONE ELSE MAY BE JUST AS 1613 00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:48,040 QUALIFIED BUT WE DON'T KNOW THAT 1614 00:57:48,040 --> 00:57:49,360 ADVISER AS WELL. 1615 00:57:49,360 --> 00:57:51,360 TO RECOGNIZE THESE BIASES ARE AT 1616 00:57:51,360 --> 00:57:55,720 PLAY, AND THAT THEY ARE NOT 1617 00:57:55,720 --> 00:57:55,960 RIGHT. 1618 00:57:55,960 --> 00:57:57,160 THAT WE NEED TO, YOU KNOW, NEED 1619 00:57:57,160 --> 00:57:58,800 TO HAVE A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD 1620 00:57:58,800 --> 00:57:59,880 WHEN WE'RE LOOKING AT 1621 00:57:59,880 --> 00:58:01,400 CANDIDATES. 1622 00:58:01,400 --> 00:58:03,840 SO I WOULD LOVE TO SEE SOME OF 1623 00:58:03,840 --> 00:58:06,440 THE INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE IN 1624 00:58:06,440 --> 00:58:07,600 THAT REGARD AND ANTI-BIAS 1625 00:58:07,600 --> 00:58:08,520 TRAINING YOU'RE DOING, IF 1626 00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:10,840 THERE'S ANY WAY TO MAKE THAT 1627 00:58:10,840 --> 00:58:11,440 ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYBODY THAT 1628 00:58:11,440 --> 00:58:12,040 WOULD BE GREAT. 1629 00:58:12,040 --> 00:58:13,440 IF YOU COULD PUT IT ON YOUR 1630 00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:17,520 WEBSITE OR WHAT HAVE YOU. 1631 00:58:17,520 --> 00:58:19,120 I'M REALLY ENCOURAGED BY YOUR 1632 00:58:19,120 --> 00:58:20,760 SEPA PROGRAM BECAUSE WE DO KNOW 1633 00:58:20,760 --> 00:58:22,200 THIS STARTS VERY EARLY ON. 1634 00:58:22,200 --> 00:58:23,760 I JUST WANTED TO ASK A QUESTION 1635 00:58:23,760 --> 00:58:24,920 ABOUT THAT. 1636 00:58:24,920 --> 00:58:27,680 I WAS WONDERING WHAT 1637 00:58:27,680 --> 00:58:29,320 INSTITUTIONS ARE APPLYING FOR 1638 00:58:29,320 --> 00:58:30,600 THE SEPA APPLICATIONS? 1639 00:58:30,600 --> 00:58:34,000 ARE THEY COMING FROM LIKE 1640 00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:35,560 ELEMENTARY -- FROM SCHOOLS? 1641 00:58:35,560 --> 00:58:37,240 YOU KNOW, OR NON-PROFITS? 1642 00:58:37,240 --> 00:58:39,640 OR -- I'M NOT SURE WHO APPLIES 1643 00:58:39,640 --> 00:58:40,280 FOR THESE. 1644 00:58:40,280 --> 00:58:43,040 AND I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW MORE 1645 00:58:43,040 --> 00:58:44,240 ABOUT THAT. 1646 00:58:44,240 --> 00:58:45,200 AND IF IT'S SCHOOLS, IS IT 1647 00:58:45,200 --> 00:58:46,440 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS THAT 1648 00:58:46,440 --> 00:58:48,680 ARE APPLYING FOR THEM? 1649 00:58:48,680 --> 00:58:51,920 AND ONE LAST THING, MORE ABOUT 1650 00:58:51,920 --> 00:58:54,720 FOR CENDRINE ABOUT THE POSTBAC 1651 00:58:54,720 --> 00:58:57,480 PROGRAM, YOU SAID YOU HAD THREE 1652 00:58:57,480 --> 00:58:59,880 CANDIDATES TAKING PART IN THAT 1653 00:58:59,880 --> 00:59:01,760 THIS YEAR WONDERING SOMEHOW THAT 1654 00:59:01,760 --> 00:59:02,920 COMPARING TO WHAT -- HOW MANY 1655 00:59:02,920 --> 00:59:03,920 APPLICANTS YOU'VE HAD IN THE 1656 00:59:03,920 --> 00:59:06,880 PAST, WHAT IS THE WHOLE POOL 1657 00:59:06,880 --> 00:59:09,280 THAT YOU HAVE FOR POSTBACS, I 1658 00:59:09,280 --> 00:59:12,440 WANT TO GET A SENSE OF HOW THAT 1659 00:59:12,440 --> 00:59:13,240 IS GOING. 1660 00:59:13,240 --> 00:59:14,520 I COULD TALK ABOUT SO MUCH MORE 1661 00:59:14,520 --> 00:59:16,080 BUT I KNOW OTHER PEOPLE HAVE 1662 00:59:16,080 --> 00:59:17,080 QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS THEY WANT 1663 00:59:17,080 --> 00:59:19,040 TO MAKE SO I'LL STOP THERE. 1664 00:59:19,040 --> 00:59:23,920 >>WHY DON'T YOU ANSWER FIRST, 1665 00:59:23,920 --> 00:59:24,600 CENDRINE. 1666 00:59:24,600 --> 00:59:25,040 >>SURE. 1667 00:59:25,040 --> 00:59:27,800 SO, THE PROGRAMS, THE POSTBAC 1668 00:59:27,800 --> 00:59:30,120 PROGRAMS HAVE EXISTED AND 1669 00:59:30,120 --> 00:59:31,320 P.I.s HAD OTHER PROCESSES IN 1670 00:59:31,320 --> 00:59:32,720 WHICH THEY WOULD SELECT 1671 00:59:32,720 --> 00:59:33,000 CANDIDATES. 1672 00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:35,240 WHAT'S NEW AND DIFFERENT IS THAT 1673 00:59:35,240 --> 00:59:37,760 THE TRAINING OFFICE TAKES THE 1674 00:59:37,760 --> 00:59:39,120 BURDEN OFF OF CULTIVATING THE 1675 00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:40,960 POOL AND I THINK FOR LAST YEAR 1676 00:59:40,960 --> 00:59:42,920 THERE WAS MAYBE A LIST OF 30 1677 00:59:42,920 --> 00:59:45,240 NAMES THAT THEY BASED OFF OF 1678 00:59:45,240 --> 00:59:48,160 CRITERIA THAT MADE IT INCREDIBLY 1679 00:59:48,160 --> 00:59:48,560 INCLUSIVE. 1680 00:59:48,560 --> 00:59:51,880 SO, YOU KNOW, COMMITMENT TO OR 1681 00:59:51,880 --> 00:59:53,880 SOME CONNECTION TO OUR RESEARCH 1682 00:59:53,880 --> 00:59:56,720 MISSION AREAS BUT ALSO THINGS 1683 00:59:56,720 --> 00:59:57,920 LIKE LEADERSHIP. 1684 00:59:57,920 --> 00:59:59,200 BASICALLY THERE ARE COMPONENTS 1685 00:59:59,200 --> 00:59:59,840 AND CHARACTERISTICS THEY WERE 1686 00:59:59,840 --> 01:00:01,720 LOOKING FOR THAT WERE NOT 1687 01:00:01,720 --> 01:00:07,840 NECESSARILY 'DEM GRAPH DEMOGRAC 1688 01:00:07,840 --> 01:00:10,760 BUT PERHAPS A CONNECTION WITH AN 1689 01:00:10,760 --> 01:00:11,760 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUP, THINGS 1690 01:00:11,760 --> 01:00:12,600 LIKE THAT. 1691 01:00:12,600 --> 01:00:16,360 THEY PULLED 30 NAMES, THREE WERE 1692 01:00:16,360 --> 01:00:18,280 SELECTED FROM THOSE NAMES. 1693 01:00:18,280 --> 01:00:20,280 THERE'S MAYBE NINE OR TEN 1694 01:00:20,280 --> 01:00:22,600 P.I.s, SOMEBODY CAN CORRECT 1695 01:00:22,600 --> 01:00:23,040 ME. 1696 01:00:23,040 --> 01:00:27,080 THREE OF MAYBE NINE OR TEN WERE 1697 01:00:27,080 --> 01:00:31,560 SELECTED, P.I. P.I.s COLLECTED M 1698 01:00:31,560 --> 01:00:32,960 THAT POOL. 1699 01:00:32,960 --> 01:00:34,080 THAT'S GOOD WITH THE SMALL 1700 01:00:34,080 --> 01:00:36,440 NUMBERS THAT WE HAVE. 1701 01:00:36,440 --> 01:00:37,680 >>THAT'S GREAT. 1702 01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:39,120 >>TO YOUR POINT ABOUT 1703 01:00:39,120 --> 01:00:41,080 DISSEMINATION, I THINK A GREAT 1704 01:00:41,080 --> 01:00:41,240 ONE. 1705 01:00:41,240 --> 01:00:42,800 I THINK NEXT STEP SHOULD BE TO 1706 01:00:42,800 --> 01:00:47,400 SEE IF WE CAN MAKE SOME OF THE 1707 01:00:47,400 --> 01:00:48,400 PROGRESS AVAILABLE TO THE 1708 01:00:48,400 --> 01:00:51,040 COMMUNITY AS YOU SUGGEST. 1709 01:00:51,040 --> 01:00:52,800 SO THE BIAS AWARENESS TRAINING, 1710 01:00:52,800 --> 01:00:53,440 FOR EXAMPLE. 1711 01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:56,200 ONE OF THE GOALS AS I MENTIONED 1712 01:00:56,200 --> 01:00:59,040 OF THE PRIZE WAS TO DISSEMINATE 1713 01:00:59,040 --> 01:01:02,720 OR IS TO DISSEMINATE BEST 1714 01:01:02,720 --> 01:01:03,480 PRACTICES THAT INSTITUTIONS HAVE 1715 01:01:03,480 --> 01:01:04,720 DEVELOPED AND, YOU KNOW, 1716 01:01:04,720 --> 01:01:05,360 PARTICULARLY IN HIRING SPACE, 1717 01:01:05,360 --> 01:01:07,000 FOR EXAMPLE, I KNOW THERE ARE 1718 01:01:07,000 --> 01:01:08,320 SOME EXCITING THINGS GOING ON. 1719 01:01:08,320 --> 01:01:15,760 ONE OF MY FORMER COUNCIL MEMBERS 1720 01:01:15,760 --> 01:01:17,720 ENRIQUE DELACRUZ AT YALE DID 1721 01:01:17,720 --> 01:01:18,760 INTERESTING THINGS, I CAN SEND 1722 01:01:18,760 --> 01:01:21,600 YOU A PAPER ON THAT. 1723 01:01:21,600 --> 01:01:24,000 THE HOPE IS WE CAN RECOGNIZE AND 1724 01:01:24,000 --> 01:01:25,720 REWARD THOSE KIND OF THINGS BUT 1725 01:01:25,720 --> 01:01:27,480 MAKE EVERYONE AWARE OF SO OTHER 1726 01:01:27,480 --> 01:01:28,440 PEOPLE CAN USE IT. 1727 01:01:28,440 --> 01:01:30,240 HOPEFULLY THAT WILL HAPPEN 1728 01:01:30,240 --> 01:01:32,840 THERE. 1729 01:01:32,840 --> 01:01:36,120 IN TERMS OF SEPA, ALL OF THE 1730 01:01:36,120 --> 01:01:39,320 ABOVE ARE APPLICANTS. 1731 01:01:39,320 --> 01:01:40,840 PRE-K THROUGH 12 IT'S GENERALLY 1732 01:01:40,840 --> 01:01:43,000 A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN AN 1733 01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:43,920 EDUCATOR, SOMEONE WITH ACTUAL 1734 01:01:43,920 --> 01:01:46,600 EXPERIENCE, YOU KNOW, TEACHING 1735 01:01:46,600 --> 01:01:49,400 AT THOSE LEVELS, AND A 1736 01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:50,680 SCIENTIST, TYPICALLY THE 1737 01:01:50,680 --> 01:01:51,440 UNIVERSITY. 1738 01:01:51,440 --> 01:01:54,040 IT'S USUALLY A MULTI-P.I. 1739 01:01:54,040 --> 01:01:54,320 SITUATION. 1740 01:01:54,320 --> 01:01:54,680 >>I SEE. 1741 01:01:54,680 --> 01:01:56,840 >>AS I MENTIONED THERE ARE ALL 1742 01:01:56,840 --> 01:01:58,040 KINDS OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 1743 01:01:58,040 --> 01:02:00,000 THAT APPLY FOR SEPA. 1744 01:02:00,000 --> 01:02:02,280 SCIENCE MUSEUMS, WE FUND A 1745 01:02:02,280 --> 01:02:03,680 NUMBER OF SCIENCE MUSEUMS. 1746 01:02:03,680 --> 01:02:07,200 PBS NEWS HOUR HAS A STUDENT 1747 01:02:07,200 --> 01:02:12,040 REPORTING LAB, WE FUNDED THAT. 1748 01:02:12,040 --> 01:02:15,200 SO IT'S VERY DIVERSE AND 1749 01:02:15,200 --> 01:02:16,360 INTERESTING GROUP. 1750 01:02:16,360 --> 01:02:18,040 >>OKAY. 1751 01:02:18,040 --> 01:02:18,240 GREAT. 1752 01:02:18,240 --> 01:02:19,800 >>DO WE HAVE TIME FOR A LITTLE 1753 01:02:19,800 --> 01:02:30,200 BIT MORE OR HOW ARE WE DOING? 1754 01:02:30,200 --> 01:02:30,760 [CROSSTALK] 1755 01:02:30,760 --> 01:02:34,160 >>I JUST WANTED TO THANK YOU 1756 01:02:34,160 --> 01:02:36,480 WHOLEHEARTEDLY ON MY OWN BEHALF 1757 01:02:36,480 --> 01:02:40,480 AND ON OUR COMMITTEE AND NIDCD, 1758 01:02:40,480 --> 01:02:47,400 REALLY EVERYBODY. 1759 01:02:47,400 --> 01:02:50,960 I'M SO HEARTENED BY HOW MUCH IS 1760 01:02:50,960 --> 01:02:53,760 BEING DONE AND HOW MUCH THE 1761 01:02:53,760 --> 01:02:55,320 GENERAL CLIMATE HAS CHANGED, IN 1762 01:02:55,320 --> 01:02:59,680 THE LAST VERY FEW YEARS REALLY. 1763 01:02:59,680 --> 01:03:02,440 THAT PEOPLE -- I JUST REMEMBER 1764 01:03:02,440 --> 01:03:06,240 TEN YEARS AGO WHEN THERE WOULD 1765 01:03:06,240 --> 01:03:09,440 BE TRAINING OFFERED, YOU KNOW, 1766 01:03:09,440 --> 01:03:10,080 IMPLICIT BIAS TRAINING, YOU 1767 01:03:10,080 --> 01:03:11,840 WOULD SEE ALL OF THESE PEOPLE 1768 01:03:11,840 --> 01:03:13,800 MAKING A FACE IN FACULTY 1769 01:03:13,800 --> 01:03:14,040 MEETING. 1770 01:03:14,040 --> 01:03:15,920 AND IT WAS A VERY COMMON 1771 01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:16,320 EXPERIENCE. 1772 01:03:16,320 --> 01:03:19,320 YOU KNOW, I SORT OF SPEAK UP AND 1773 01:03:19,320 --> 01:03:22,240 SAY, YOU KNOW, OUR -- WE HAVE 1774 01:03:22,240 --> 01:03:23,960 THIS INTERACTIVE THEATER THING 1775 01:03:23,960 --> 01:03:27,400 AND WE HAVE A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT 1776 01:03:27,400 --> 01:03:27,720 INITIATIVES. 1777 01:03:27,720 --> 01:03:31,360 AND EVERYBODY WOULD SIT THERE 1778 01:03:31,360 --> 01:03:33,840 LOOKING AT ME GRUMPILY. 1779 01:03:33,840 --> 01:03:36,040 IT'S REALLY, REALLY HEARTENING 1780 01:03:36,040 --> 01:03:37,240 TO SEE HOW MUCH NIH HAS BEEN 1781 01:03:37,240 --> 01:03:41,640 ABLE TO DO AND ALL THE REST OF 1782 01:03:41,640 --> 01:03:44,800 INSTITUTIONS HAVE ALSO FOLLOWED 1783 01:03:44,800 --> 01:03:46,200 SUIT AND BEEN ABLE TO DO. 1784 01:03:46,200 --> 01:03:46,520 SO THANK YOU. 1785 01:03:46,520 --> 01:03:49,080 >>THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1786 01:03:49,080 --> 01:03:51,240 >>I'VE BEEN TOLD WE HAVE TEN 1787 01:03:51,240 --> 01:03:52,440 MORE MINUTES SO PLEASE PREPARE 1788 01:03:52,440 --> 01:03:54,440 WITH YOUR QUESTIONS AND 1789 01:03:54,440 --> 01:03:54,760 COMMENTS. 1790 01:03:54,760 --> 01:03:55,440 GO AHEAD, VICKIE. 1791 01:03:55,440 --> 01:03:57,360 >>IF THAT'S OKAY WITH JON. 1792 01:03:57,360 --> 01:04:00,440 CAN YOU SAY UNTIL 12:15? 1793 01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:01,800 GOOD, THANK YOU. 1794 01:04:01,800 --> 01:04:02,080 >>THANKS. 1795 01:04:02,080 --> 01:04:05,400 >>I'LL MAKE MINE QUICK. 1796 01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:06,800 I TOO WANT TO COMMEND YOU FOR 1797 01:04:06,800 --> 01:04:11,400 ALL YOU'VE DONE IN SUCH A SHORT 1798 01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:13,360 PERIOD OF TIME. 1799 01:04:13,360 --> 01:04:14,560 CENDRINE, IT'S NICE TO PUT A 1800 01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:18,400 FACE TO THE NAME. 1801 01:04:18,400 --> 01:04:20,360 WE'VE EXCHANGED E-MAILS AND ARE 1802 01:04:20,360 --> 01:04:21,760 PLANNING TO CONNECT STAFF AT 1803 01:04:21,760 --> 01:04:22,080 ASHA. 1804 01:04:22,080 --> 01:04:25,880 ONE OF THE THINGS I JUST WANT TO 1805 01:04:25,880 --> 01:04:28,120 OFFER AND ASHA HAS BEEN TRYING 1806 01:04:28,120 --> 01:04:29,960 TO ADDRESS MANY ISSUES FOR A 1807 01:04:29,960 --> 01:04:33,800 REALLY, REALLY, REALLY, REALLY, 1808 01:04:33,800 --> 01:04:35,840 REALLY, REALLY LONG TIME, AND 1809 01:04:35,840 --> 01:04:38,400 THIS NOTION OF IF YOU BUILD IT, 1810 01:04:38,400 --> 01:04:43,320 THEY WILL COME. 1811 01:04:43,320 --> 01:04:45,280 WE HAVE CREATED PROGRAMS AND 1812 01:04:45,280 --> 01:04:50,760 RESOURCES AND THEY DON'T ALWAYS 1813 01:04:50,760 --> 01:04:50,960 COME. 1814 01:04:50,960 --> 01:04:53,080 I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS WE'VE 1815 01:04:53,080 --> 01:04:57,880 BEEN TRYING TO DO MORE RECENTLY 1816 01:04:57,880 --> 01:05:00,240 IS LOOKING AT STRATEGIC 1817 01:05:00,240 --> 01:05:02,560 DISSEMINATION PLANS AS A PART OF 1818 01:05:02,560 --> 01:05:04,280 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM. 1819 01:05:04,280 --> 01:05:06,760 SO THAT AS THE PROGRAM IS 1820 01:05:06,760 --> 01:05:09,200 DEVELOPED, WE'RE LOOKING AT 1821 01:05:09,200 --> 01:05:13,680 TARGET AUDIENCES AND HOW TO 1822 01:05:13,680 --> 01:05:15,400 DISSEMINATE INFORMATION TO THOSE 1823 01:05:15,400 --> 01:05:17,640 GROUPS THAT'S BUILT INTO THE 1824 01:05:17,640 --> 01:05:18,920 PROGRAM BECAUSE OTHERWISE WE 1825 01:05:18,920 --> 01:05:20,880 HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF GREAT 1826 01:05:20,880 --> 01:05:24,440 RESOURCES AND THESE ARE AMAZING, 1827 01:05:24,440 --> 01:05:27,920 AND FINDING WAYS TO GET THEM TO 1828 01:05:27,920 --> 01:05:30,200 FOLKS BECOMES AN AFTERTHOUGHT. 1829 01:05:30,200 --> 01:05:32,280 SO AS YOU'RE PUTTING THE 1830 01:05:32,280 --> 01:05:34,000 FINISHING TOUCHES ON SOME OF 1831 01:05:34,000 --> 01:05:36,280 THESE NEWER PROGRAMS, IT WILL BE 1832 01:05:36,280 --> 01:05:38,880 GOOD TO ADD SOME OF THAT INTO 1833 01:05:38,880 --> 01:05:41,920 THE MIX TO TRY AND FIGURE OUT AS 1834 01:05:41,920 --> 01:05:43,800 PART OF THE PROCESS THAT YOU 1835 01:05:43,800 --> 01:05:46,200 BUILD HOW TO GET THE INFORMATION 1836 01:05:46,200 --> 01:05:48,720 AND THE RESOURCES IN THE HANDS 1837 01:05:48,720 --> 01:05:50,280 TO THE PEOPLE WHO WOULD THEN BE 1838 01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:52,040 ABLE TO APPLY FOR THEM. 1839 01:05:52,040 --> 01:05:52,440 SO GREAT JOB. 1840 01:05:52,440 --> 01:05:54,040 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ALL THE 1841 01:05:54,040 --> 01:05:58,160 WORK THAT YOU'VE DONE AND WHAT 1842 01:05:58,160 --> 01:05:59,280 YOU'LL CONTINUE TO DO. 1843 01:05:59,280 --> 01:06:00,480 >>THANK YOU. 1844 01:06:00,480 --> 01:06:02,760 I CAN START ADDRESSING, MAYBE 1845 01:06:02,760 --> 01:06:04,160 CENDRINE HAS THOUGHTS FROM THEIR 1846 01:06:04,160 --> 01:06:08,680 PERSPECTIVE AS WELL. 1847 01:06:08,680 --> 01:06:10,200 WITH THE MOSAIC PROGRAM, KENNY 1848 01:06:10,200 --> 01:06:12,600 GIBBS WHO IS THE LEAD DIRECTOR 1849 01:06:12,600 --> 01:06:15,200 OF THE PROGRAM, DID A HUGE 1850 01:06:15,200 --> 01:06:17,320 AMOUNT OF OUTREACH. 1851 01:06:17,320 --> 01:06:20,240 JUST HERCULEAN EFFORTS WITH HIS 1852 01:06:20,240 --> 01:06:22,880 OTHER STAFF. 1853 01:06:22,880 --> 01:06:25,640 WE WERE EXPECTING TO HAVE 30 1854 01:06:25,640 --> 01:06:26,680 MOSAIC SCHOLARS. 1855 01:06:26,680 --> 01:06:29,560 AS I MENTIONED, WE HAVE OVER 80. 1856 01:06:29,560 --> 01:06:30,760 THE OUTREACH WAS ESSENTIAL, 1857 01:06:30,760 --> 01:06:32,360 YOU'RE RIGHT. 1858 01:06:32,360 --> 01:06:33,480 YOU'RE RIGHT, WE'VE ALSO 1859 01:06:33,480 --> 01:06:34,280 EXPERIENCED WITH OTHER PROGRAMS 1860 01:06:34,280 --> 01:06:35,480 WE THOUGHT IT WAS A GREAT IDEA 1861 01:06:35,480 --> 01:06:36,840 AND DIDN'T DO THAT KIND OF 1862 01:06:36,840 --> 01:06:41,520 OUTREACH AND HAD A MUCH MORE 1863 01:06:41,520 --> 01:06:42,000 ANEMIC RESPONSE. 1864 01:06:42,000 --> 01:06:51,600 >>YES, AND I CAN SAY FOR NIDCD 1865 01:06:51,600 --> 01:06:55,120 WE DO THE POST-COUNCIL 1866 01:06:55,120 --> 01:06:57,200 NEWSLETTERS DR. TUCCI WRITES TO 1867 01:06:57,200 --> 01:06:57,800 MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION, 1868 01:06:57,800 --> 01:06:59,720 SHARED WITH ME WHEN I ARRIVED. 1869 01:06:59,720 --> 01:07:00,600 I GOT INFORMATION FROM 1870 01:07:00,600 --> 01:07:01,240 COMMUNICATIONS OFFICE THERE 1871 01:07:01,240 --> 01:07:02,240 WASN'T THE RESPONSE WE WANTED TO 1872 01:07:02,240 --> 01:07:04,720 SEE WHICH IS ONE OF THE REASONS 1873 01:07:04,720 --> 01:07:07,920 I STARTED E-MAILING PROFESSORS 1874 01:07:07,920 --> 01:07:09,920 DIRECTLY AT HBCUs AND MCIs 1875 01:07:09,920 --> 01:07:12,840 TO IN SOME CASES SHARE THE 1876 01:07:12,840 --> 01:07:13,920 INFORMATION IN E-MAIL BUT ALSO 1877 01:07:13,920 --> 01:07:16,120 OFFERING TO SET UP BRIEF 1878 01:07:16,120 --> 01:07:19,080 30-MINUTE TALK TO TALK ABOUT THE 1879 01:07:19,080 --> 01:07:19,720 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES, TO TALK 1880 01:07:19,720 --> 01:07:21,600 ABOUT WHETHER THEY COULD FIND 1881 01:07:21,600 --> 01:07:23,720 THE SAMPLE GRANT APPLICATIONS. 1882 01:07:23,720 --> 01:07:25,200 THAT'S A TRUE FAVORITE. 1883 01:07:25,200 --> 01:07:26,840 MANY PEOPLE SEE THE BARRIER TO 1884 01:07:26,840 --> 01:07:28,040 APPLYING FOR FUNDING NOT HAVING 1885 01:07:28,040 --> 01:07:31,640 ACCESS TO THE SAMPLE GRANT 1886 01:07:31,640 --> 01:07:33,200 APPLICATIONS, SO SHOWING WHERE 1887 01:07:33,200 --> 01:07:34,040 THEY CAN FIND THAT, WHERE THEY 1888 01:07:34,040 --> 01:07:36,880 CAN SIGN UP TO BE REVIEWERS AND 1889 01:07:36,880 --> 01:07:39,480 ALL THIS INFORMATION I THINK TO 1890 01:07:39,480 --> 01:07:41,880 THE EXTENTS THERE'S TIME DOING 1891 01:07:41,880 --> 01:07:44,080 ONE-ON-ONE BUT ALSO MORE DIRECT 1892 01:07:44,080 --> 01:07:45,720 E-MAILS TO PROFESSORS AS OPPOSED 1893 01:07:45,720 --> 01:07:48,360 TO PEOPLE WHO ARE IN HIGHER UP 1894 01:07:48,360 --> 01:07:49,360 POSITIONS WHO AREN'T NECESSARILY 1895 01:07:49,360 --> 01:07:53,200 TRICKLING THE INFORMATION DOWN 1896 01:07:53,200 --> 01:07:53,560 TO PROFESSORS. 1897 01:07:53,560 --> 01:07:54,280 >>THANK YOU. 1898 01:07:54,280 --> 01:07:58,760 WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE. 1899 01:07:58,760 --> 01:08:03,800 KATHERINE, YOU ARE UP. 1900 01:08:03,800 --> 01:08:05,120 AND YOU ARE MUTED. 1901 01:08:05,120 --> 01:08:06,080 THANK YOU. 1902 01:08:06,080 --> 01:08:10,120 YES, I'M NEW TO THIS COMMITTEE, 1903 01:08:10,120 --> 01:08:12,000 THIS COUNCIL, ESPECIALLY THIS 1904 01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:12,880 PRESENTATION IS AMAZING. 1905 01:08:12,880 --> 01:08:15,480 I HAVE ONE QUESTION ABOUT THE 1906 01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:18,040 PRIZE FOR INSTITUTIONS THAT DO 1907 01:08:18,040 --> 01:08:21,080 EXCEPTIONAL THINGS FOR DEIA. 1908 01:08:21,080 --> 01:08:23,040 I'M WONDERING IF THAT PRIZE ALSO 1909 01:08:23,040 --> 01:08:25,680 IN SOME WAY APPLIES TO 1910 01:08:25,680 --> 01:08:27,000 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND 1911 01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,760 COLLEGES THAT BASICALLY SERVE 1912 01:08:30,760 --> 01:08:31,040 MINORITIES. 1913 01:08:31,040 --> 01:08:31,800 >>ABSOLUTELY. 1914 01:08:31,800 --> 01:08:34,760 ANY INSTITUTION CAN APPLY FOR 1915 01:08:34,760 --> 01:08:35,200 IT. 1916 01:08:35,200 --> 01:08:36,640 AND ONE WOULD HOPE AND EXPECT 1917 01:08:36,640 --> 01:08:39,040 THAT THERE WILL BE GREAT THINGS 1918 01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:41,160 AT INSTITUTIONS OF ALL DIFFERENT 1919 01:08:41,160 --> 01:08:41,360 KINDS. 1920 01:08:41,360 --> 01:08:44,480 AND I THINK, YOU KNOW, -- 1921 01:08:44,480 --> 01:08:46,640 >>YOU'RE HOPING THAT THESE 1922 01:08:46,640 --> 01:08:47,720 PROGRAMS ARE NOT ALREADY -- IF 1923 01:08:47,720 --> 01:08:50,000 THEY ARE NOT ALREADY IN 1924 01:08:50,000 --> 01:08:51,200 EXISTENCE IN THESE COLLEGES THAT 1925 01:08:51,200 --> 01:08:53,400 THEY WILL HEAR ABOUT THIS 1926 01:08:53,400 --> 01:08:55,040 PROGRAM AND THEY WILL BE AS 1927 01:08:55,040 --> 01:08:58,000 INTERESTED AS YALE IS, RIGHT? 1928 01:08:58,000 --> 01:09:01,160 >>ONE WOULD HOPE. 1929 01:09:01,160 --> 01:09:01,480 ABSOLUTELY. 1930 01:09:01,480 --> 01:09:05,440 I THINK HOPEFULLY THERE ARE 1931 01:09:05,440 --> 01:09:09,400 USEFUL MODELS TO BE DISSEMINATED 1932 01:09:09,400 --> 01:09:13,440 AT MANY KINDS OF INSTITUTIONS. 1933 01:09:13,440 --> 01:09:14,320 >>OKAY. 1934 01:09:14,320 --> 01:09:14,560 THANKS. 1935 01:09:14,560 --> 01:09:17,080 >>SO THANK YOU FOR SUCH A 1936 01:09:17,080 --> 01:09:18,120 ROBUST DISCUSSION. 1937 01:09:18,120 --> 01:09:20,880 AND THANK YOU, JON AND CENDRINE, 1938 01:09:20,880 --> 01:09:24,040 FOR ALL YOUR COMMENTS. 1939 01:09:24,040 --> 01:09:24,920 ONE LAST QUESTION, JON. 1940 01:09:24,920 --> 01:09:26,480 I WAS LOOKING ON YOUR LIST OF 1941 01:09:26,480 --> 01:09:27,880 COUNCIL MEMBERS FOR THE PERSON 1942 01:09:27,880 --> 01:09:29,400 YOU MENTIONED, AND I DON'T SEE 1943 01:09:29,400 --> 01:09:29,600 THAT. 1944 01:09:29,600 --> 01:09:31,160 >>HE WAS A FORMER COUNCIL 1945 01:09:31,160 --> 01:09:31,400 MEMBER. 1946 01:09:31,400 --> 01:09:33,920 I'LL PUT IT IN THE CHAT. 1947 01:09:33,920 --> 01:09:35,120 I'LL FIND THE ARTICLE ABOUT THE 1948 01:09:35,120 --> 01:09:36,840 PROGRAM AND PUT ANYTIME THE CHAT 1949 01:09:36,840 --> 01:09:37,080 FOR YOU. 1950 01:09:37,080 --> 01:09:38,000 >>GREAT. 1951 01:09:38,000 --> 01:09:38,480 THANKS SO MUCH. 1952 01:09:38,480 --> 01:09:40,000 >>WE'D LOVE THAT ACTUALLY. 1953 01:09:40,000 --> 01:09:41,880 >>YEAH, YEAH. 1954 01:09:41,880 --> 01:09:43,520 THAT WOULD BE GOOD. 1955 01:09:43,520 --> 01:09:46,840 WE'LL MOVE TO OUR LAST AGENDA 1956 01:09:46,840 --> 01:09:49,320 ITEM, DR. KATIE KINDT. 1957 01:09:49,320 --> 01:09:52,080 SO, I INVITED DR. KINDT FROM OUR 1958 01:09:52,080 --> 01:09:54,680 INTRAMURAL PROGRAM TO PRESENT ON 1959 01:09:54,680 --> 01:09:56,120 HER RESEARCH. 1960 01:09:56,120 --> 01:09:58,880 KATIE'S LAB USES MOLECULAR AND 1961 01:09:58,880 --> 01:10:00,920 MICROSCOPY BASED METHODS TO ASK 1962 01:10:00,920 --> 01:10:02,760 SENSORY CELL FUNCTION AND 1963 01:10:02,760 --> 01:10:05,000 DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZEBRAFISH 1964 01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:07,840 MODEL SYSTEM. 1965 01:10:07,840 --> 01:10:09,600 DR. KINDT EARNED HER Ph.D. 1966 01:10:09,600 --> 01:10:10,920 FROM UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT 1967 01:10:10,920 --> 01:10:13,640 SAN DIEGO IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 1968 01:10:13,640 --> 01:10:17,480 STUDYING FUNCTION AND 1969 01:10:17,480 --> 01:10:19,120 DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANOSENSORY 1970 01:10:19,120 --> 01:10:25,480 CIRCUITS, AND I CAN'T PRONOUNCE 1971 01:10:25,480 --> 01:10:27,760 THAT. 1972 01:10:27,760 --> 01:10:31,160 DURING HER POSTDOCAL FELLOWSHIP 1973 01:10:31,160 --> 01:10:41,600 USED SCANNING EM AND CALCIUM FR 1974 01:10:41,600 --> 01:10:46,200 DEVELOPING HAIR CELLS. 1975 01:10:46,200 --> 01:10:46,440 WELCOME. 1976 01:10:46,440 --> 01:10:48,000 >>THANK YOU. 1977 01:10:48,000 --> 01:10:55,200 ALL RIGHT. 1978 01:10:55,200 --> 01:10:57,680 CAN YOU SEE THE RIGHT SCREEN? 1979 01:10:57,680 --> 01:10:59,240 >>YOU ARE NOT YET IN 1980 01:10:59,240 --> 01:11:01,960 PRESENTATION MODE. 1981 01:11:01,960 --> 01:11:03,320 >>WE SEE YOUR SPEAKER NOTE 1982 01:11:03,320 --> 01:11:03,720 SIDE. 1983 01:11:03,720 --> 01:11:04,440 THERE YOU GO. 1984 01:11:04,440 --> 01:11:10,400 >>HOW'S THAT? 1985 01:11:10,400 --> 01:11:11,920 GREAT. 1986 01:11:11,920 --> 01:11:19,160 ALL RIGHT. 1987 01:11:19,160 --> 01:11:20,680 DOES EVERYTHING LOOK OKAY? 1988 01:11:20,680 --> 01:11:21,080 >>YES. 1989 01:11:21,080 --> 01:11:21,480 >>OKAY, PERFECT. 1990 01:11:21,480 --> 01:11:23,760 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THE 1991 01:11:23,760 --> 01:11:24,080 INTRODUCTION. 1992 01:11:24,080 --> 01:11:26,200 IT'S A REAL PLEASURE TO HAVE 1993 01:11:26,200 --> 01:11:27,400 THIS OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE SOME 1994 01:11:27,400 --> 01:11:29,320 OF THE RESEARCH FROM OUR GROUP 1995 01:11:29,320 --> 01:11:32,280 AND INTRAMURAL PROGRAM AT THE 1996 01:11:32,280 --> 01:11:32,520 NIH. 1997 01:11:32,520 --> 01:11:34,920 WE USE ZEBRAFISH AS AN 1998 01:11:34,920 --> 01:11:35,840 INTERESTING AND COMPLEMENTARY 1999 01:11:35,840 --> 01:11:41,400 MODEL TO STUDY HEARING AND 2000 01:11:41,400 --> 01:11:42,720 BALANCE RESEARCH. 2001 01:11:42,720 --> 01:11:45,440 SO OVERALL THE MAIN FOCUS OF OUR 2002 01:11:45,440 --> 01:11:47,840 GROUP IS ON SENSORY HAIR CELLS, 2003 01:11:47,840 --> 01:11:49,720 THE RECEPTORS IN OUR INNER EAR 2004 01:11:49,720 --> 01:11:51,360 REQUIRED FOR HEARING AND 2005 01:11:51,360 --> 01:11:51,880 BALANCE. 2006 01:11:51,880 --> 01:11:56,200 THESE ARE ALSO PRESENT IN 2007 01:11:56,200 --> 01:11:57,480 AQUATIC VERTEBRATES, AND 2008 01:11:57,480 --> 01:12:00,320 LATERAL-LINE SYSTEM TO DETECT 2009 01:12:00,320 --> 01:12:01,840 LOCAL WATER MOVEMENTS. 2010 01:12:01,840 --> 01:12:06,360 THE MAIN GOAL IN OUR GROUP IS TO 2011 01:12:06,360 --> 01:12:07,360 UNDERSTAND HOW THESE SENSORY 2012 01:12:07,360 --> 01:12:10,320 CELLS FORM AND FUNCTION IN A 2013 01:12:10,320 --> 01:12:10,880 LIVING SYSTEM. 2014 01:12:10,880 --> 01:12:12,160 THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT 2015 01:12:12,160 --> 01:12:13,840 FUNDAMENTALLY TO KNOW HOW THESE 2016 01:12:13,840 --> 01:12:17,560 CELLS ARE -- HOW THEY FORM AND 2017 01:12:17,560 --> 01:12:18,960 FUNCTION, CLINICALLY AS WELL. 2018 01:12:18,960 --> 01:12:20,160 MANY OF YOU KNOW, MANY PEOPLE IN 2019 01:12:20,160 --> 01:12:23,000 THE U.S. REPORT HEARING LOSS, 2020 01:12:23,000 --> 01:12:24,680 THE MAJORITY OF CASES HEARING OR 2021 01:12:24,680 --> 01:12:27,200 BALANCE DISORDERS CAN BE DUE TO 2022 01:12:27,200 --> 01:12:28,600 DAMAGE OR LOSS TO SENSORY HAIR 2023 01:12:28,600 --> 01:12:28,800 CELLS. 2024 01:12:28,800 --> 01:12:30,040 THEREFORE IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT 2025 01:12:30,040 --> 01:12:31,640 TO UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT THESE 2026 01:12:31,640 --> 01:12:34,080 CELLS, HOW THEY FORM, HOW THEY 2027 01:12:34,080 --> 01:12:36,040 FUNCTION, IN ORDER TO REGENERATE 2028 01:12:36,040 --> 01:12:40,080 THEM AFTER THEY ARE LOST. 2029 01:12:40,080 --> 01:12:41,080 UNFORTUNATELY IT'S WITHIN 2030 01:12:41,080 --> 01:12:42,920 RESEARCH IT'S HARD TO STUDY 2031 01:12:42,920 --> 01:12:44,800 SENSORY HAIR CELLS IN THEIR 2032 01:12:44,800 --> 01:12:46,760 NATIVE ENVIRONMENTS IN MAMMALS. 2033 01:12:46,760 --> 01:12:49,280 THAT'S BECAUSE OUR INNER EAR IS 2034 01:12:49,280 --> 01:12:50,560 EMBEDDED IN BONE WITHIN OUR 2035 01:12:50,560 --> 01:12:54,760 SKULL, SO A LOT OF RESEARCH IS 2036 01:12:54,760 --> 01:12:57,040 DONE ON INNER EAR EXPLANTS OR 2037 01:12:57,040 --> 01:12:58,760 CULTURES, HARD TO STUDY IN A 2038 01:12:58,760 --> 01:12:59,400 LIVING SYSTEM. 2039 01:12:59,400 --> 01:13:00,800 THEREFORE TO STUDY HAIR CELLS IN 2040 01:13:00,800 --> 01:13:03,000 A LIVING SYSTEM WE USE THE 2041 01:13:03,000 --> 01:13:03,720 ZEBRAFISH MODEL. 2042 01:13:03,720 --> 01:13:05,680 WHICH IS SHOWN HERE ON THIS TOP 2043 01:13:05,680 --> 01:13:07,120 IMAGE HERE. 2044 01:13:07,120 --> 01:13:10,640 WHAT I'M SHOWING YOU IS A FIVE 2045 01:13:10,640 --> 01:13:13,040 DAY OLD LIVING ZEBRAFISH, AND 2046 01:13:13,040 --> 01:13:15,080 ANY IMAGE SENSORY HAIR CELLS ARE 2047 01:13:15,080 --> 01:13:16,720 LABELED WITH FLUORESCENT MARKER 2048 01:13:16,720 --> 01:13:17,520 IN GREEN. 2049 01:13:17,520 --> 01:13:20,040 ZEBRAFISH HAS HAIR CELLS IN TWO 2050 01:13:20,040 --> 01:13:23,560 MAIN SENSORY SYSTEMS, SO 2051 01:13:23,560 --> 01:13:25,080 ZEBRAFISH HAS AN INNER HERE 2052 01:13:25,080 --> 01:13:26,160 SHOWN HEAR FOR HEARING AND 2053 01:13:26,160 --> 01:13:30,760 BALANCE AND HAVE A SPECIALIZE 2054 01:13:30,760 --> 01:13:33,040 THE LATERAL LINE. 2055 01:13:33,040 --> 01:13:34,760 EACH DOT OUTSIDE MAKES UP THE 2056 01:13:34,760 --> 01:13:35,600 LATERAL LINE. 2057 01:13:35,600 --> 01:13:37,640 THIS IS THE SENSORY SYSTEM THAT 2058 01:13:37,640 --> 01:13:39,080 AQUATIC VERTEBRATES USE TO 2059 01:13:39,080 --> 01:13:41,400 DETECT LOCAL WATER MOVEMENTS IN 2060 01:13:41,400 --> 01:13:42,400 THEIR ENVIRONMENT. 2061 01:13:42,400 --> 01:13:44,120 IF WE TAKE A LITTLE BIT CLOSER 2062 01:13:44,120 --> 01:13:46,760 LOOK AT ONE OF THESE FLUORESCENT 2063 01:13:46,760 --> 01:13:48,520 DOTS, WHAT WE SEE IS ACTUALLY A 2064 01:13:48,520 --> 01:13:50,520 CLUSTER OF HAIR CELLS. 2065 01:13:50,520 --> 01:13:52,800 SO THIS IS AN IMAGE, THIS IS A 2066 01:13:52,800 --> 01:13:54,640 TOP-DOWN VIEW. 2067 01:13:54,640 --> 01:13:56,280 IF WE LOOKED THROUGH A 2068 01:13:56,280 --> 01:13:57,840 CROSS-SECTION IT WOULD LOOK LIKE 2069 01:13:57,840 --> 01:13:59,240 THIS IN THE SCHEMATIC ON THE 2070 01:13:59,240 --> 01:13:59,560 RIGHT. 2071 01:13:59,560 --> 01:14:01,640 TO ORIENT YOU I'VE OUTLINED A 2072 01:14:01,640 --> 01:14:03,080 SINGLE HAIR CELL HERE IN THE 2073 01:14:03,080 --> 01:14:04,200 STASH BLIND. 2074 01:14:04,200 --> 01:14:06,040 YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT EACH PET AL 2075 01:14:06,040 --> 01:14:08,680 ON THE FLOWER-LIKE STRUCTURE IS 2076 01:14:08,680 --> 01:14:10,040 A SINGLE HAIR CELL. 2077 01:14:10,040 --> 01:14:11,720 WHAT'S REALLY AMAZING ABOUT THE 2078 01:14:11,720 --> 01:14:15,000 LATERAL LINE SYSTEM FROM A 2079 01:14:15,000 --> 01:14:16,440 RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE IS THAT 2080 01:14:16,440 --> 01:14:17,400 THERE'S REALLY UNPARALLELED 2081 01:14:17,400 --> 01:14:19,600 ACCESS TO THESE HAIR CELLS. 2082 01:14:19,600 --> 01:14:21,560 FIRST OF ALL, ZEBRAFISH ARE 2083 01:14:21,560 --> 01:14:22,040 TRANSPARENT. 2084 01:14:22,040 --> 01:14:23,760 AND THE LATERAL LINE HAIR CELLS 2085 01:14:23,760 --> 01:14:26,360 ARE DIRECTLY IN THE SURFACE OF 2086 01:14:26,360 --> 01:14:30,440 THE FISH SO WE CAN STUDY EASILY 2087 01:14:30,440 --> 01:14:31,760 IN AN INTACT ANIMAL. 2088 01:14:31,760 --> 01:14:33,920 NOT ONLY IS THERE AMAZING ACCESS 2089 01:14:33,920 --> 01:14:36,080 BUT WE KNOW ZEBRAFISH IS AN 2090 01:14:36,080 --> 01:14:37,320 IMPORTANT AND RELEVANT MODEL TO 2091 01:14:37,320 --> 01:14:41,480 STUDY HAIR CELLS AND HEARING AND 2092 01:14:41,480 --> 01:14:42,720 BALANCE BECAUSE MANY DIFFERENT 2093 01:14:42,720 --> 01:14:44,040 GENETIC STUDIES SHOW WHEN 2094 01:14:44,040 --> 01:14:45,560 MUTATED SAME GENES CAN CAUSE 2095 01:14:45,560 --> 01:14:47,240 HEARING OR BALANCE DYSFUNCTION 2096 01:14:47,240 --> 01:14:51,560 IN ZEBRAFISH, MICE, AND HUMANS. 2097 01:14:51,560 --> 01:14:52,480 IT'S ALSO GREAT GENETICALLY 2098 01:14:52,480 --> 01:14:55,200 BECAUSE IN OUR LAB WE CAN EASILY 2099 01:14:55,200 --> 01:14:56,920 MAKE DIFFERENT MUTANTS TO 2100 01:14:56,920 --> 01:14:58,720 UNDERSTAND GENE FUNCTION. 2101 01:14:58,720 --> 01:15:01,200 BUT ALSO WE CAN CREATE COOL 2102 01:15:01,200 --> 01:15:02,720 TRANSGENIC LINES TO LABEL HAIR 2103 01:15:02,720 --> 01:15:04,280 CELLS AND STRUCTURES WITHIN THEM 2104 01:15:04,280 --> 01:15:07,880 TO STUDY THEM IN THE LIVING 2105 01:15:07,880 --> 01:15:08,440 SYSTEM. 2106 01:15:08,440 --> 01:15:09,840 SO, FOR EXAMPLE, CURRENTLY WE'VE 2107 01:15:09,840 --> 01:15:14,880 CREATED A TON OF COOL MUTANTS 2108 01:15:14,880 --> 01:15:15,640 AND TRANSGENIC ZEBRAFISH TO 2109 01:15:15,640 --> 01:15:16,960 STUDY AND I'M SHOWING YOU SOME 2110 01:15:16,960 --> 01:15:19,360 OF THE IMAGES WE'VE TAKEN FROM 2111 01:15:19,360 --> 01:15:22,560 SOME OF OUR LINES HERE. 2112 01:15:22,560 --> 01:15:23,880 NOT ONLY ARE IMAGES BEAUTIFUL, 2113 01:15:23,880 --> 01:15:26,400 THEY ARE ALL TAKEN IN LIVING 2114 01:15:26,400 --> 01:15:26,800 ZEBRAFISH. 2115 01:15:26,800 --> 01:15:28,480 SO ALL THESE HAIR CELLS WERE 2116 01:15:28,480 --> 01:15:30,680 ALIVE, QUITE COOL. 2117 01:15:30,680 --> 01:15:35,920 IT'S BY LEVERAGING THIS IN VIVO 2118 01:15:35,920 --> 01:15:40,840 CAPABILITY THAT WE'RE ABLE TO 2119 01:15:40,840 --> 01:15:42,480 STUDY THE MAMMALIAN VESTIBULAR 2120 01:15:42,480 --> 01:15:43,400 AUDITORY SYSTEM. 2121 01:15:43,400 --> 01:15:45,680 WE TAKE BEAUTIFUL STATIC IMAGES, 2122 01:15:45,680 --> 01:15:47,880 WHAT'S GREAT ABOUT LINES THAT 2123 01:15:47,880 --> 01:15:50,840 LABEL THESE TRANSGENIC LINES WE 2124 01:15:50,840 --> 01:15:53,080 CAN LOOK AT DYNAMIC PROCESSES. 2125 01:15:53,080 --> 01:15:55,200 WE CAN LOOK AT ACTIVITY OF HAIR 2126 01:15:55,200 --> 01:15:56,280 CELLS DURING DEVELOPMENT, WHEN 2127 01:15:56,280 --> 01:15:58,160 THEY ARE FUNCTIONING, WE CAN 2128 01:15:58,160 --> 01:15:59,480 ALSO USE THESE LINES TO IMAGE 2129 01:15:59,480 --> 01:16:00,800 HAIR CELLS WHILE BEING DAMAGED 2130 01:16:00,800 --> 01:16:04,640 OR WHILE THEY ARE DYING. 2131 01:16:04,640 --> 01:16:06,720 WE CAN ALSO IMAGE DYNAMIC 2132 01:16:06,720 --> 01:16:08,120 PROCESSES SUCH AS DEVELOPMENT. 2133 01:16:08,120 --> 01:16:10,880 AND SO OVERALL BY USING THESE 2134 01:16:10,880 --> 01:16:12,520 TRANSGENIC LINES AND LEVERAGING 2135 01:16:12,520 --> 01:16:13,960 OTHER ADVANTAGES TO ZEBRAFISH, 2136 01:16:13,960 --> 01:16:15,560 THE ZEBRAFISH MODEL, WE CAN 2137 01:16:15,560 --> 01:16:18,200 REALLY GET A UNIQUE AND 2138 01:16:18,200 --> 01:16:20,520 COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF 2139 01:16:20,520 --> 01:16:21,720 HAIR CELLS AND HEARING AND 2140 01:16:21,720 --> 01:16:21,960 BALANCE. 2141 01:16:21,960 --> 01:16:23,920 IT'S OUR HOPE OUR FINDINGS IN 2142 01:16:23,920 --> 01:16:25,920 ZEBRAFISH CAN BE USED TO EXPAND 2143 01:16:25,920 --> 01:16:30,080 OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAMMALIAN 2144 01:16:30,080 --> 01:16:31,800 AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR SYSTEM. 2145 01:16:31,800 --> 01:16:37,840 SO, TODAY I WILL BE TELLING YOU 2146 01:16:37,840 --> 01:16:38,640 ABOUT TWO PARTS HIGHLIGHTING 2147 01:16:38,640 --> 01:16:40,280 SOME RESEARCH FROM OUR GROUP 2148 01:16:40,280 --> 01:16:42,440 USING THE SYSTEM, WITH THE MAIN 2149 01:16:42,440 --> 01:16:43,560 OVERARCHING QUESTION OF HOW THE 2150 01:16:43,560 --> 01:16:47,160 HAIR CELLS FUNCTION IN A LIVING 2151 01:16:47,160 --> 01:16:47,400 SYSTEM. 2152 01:16:47,400 --> 01:16:49,560 THE FIRST PART I'LL BRIEFLY TALK 2153 01:16:49,560 --> 01:16:51,760 ABOUT A LANDMARK STUDY FROM MY 2154 01:16:51,760 --> 01:16:54,480 GROUP, TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW 2155 01:16:54,480 --> 01:16:57,120 HAIR CELLS PROCESS SENSORY 2156 01:16:57,120 --> 01:16:57,440 INFORMATION. 2157 01:16:57,440 --> 01:16:59,000 AND THEN I WILL TELL YOU MORE 2158 01:16:59,000 --> 01:17:00,400 ABOUT SOME RECENT WORK THAT 2159 01:17:00,400 --> 01:17:03,360 WE'VE DONE THAT SORT OF WAS A 2160 01:17:03,360 --> 01:17:04,560 FOLLOW-UP TO THIS ORIGINAL 2161 01:17:04,560 --> 01:17:07,080 STUDY, TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT 2162 01:17:07,080 --> 01:17:09,280 THE COST OF SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IS 2163 01:17:09,280 --> 01:17:10,560 TO HAIR CELLS. 2164 01:17:10,560 --> 01:17:12,000 IN THINKING ABOUT THIS FIRST 2165 01:17:12,000 --> 01:17:14,720 PART, HOW DO HAIR CELLS PROCESS 2166 01:17:14,720 --> 01:17:16,040 SENSORY INFORMATION, AND BEFORE 2167 01:17:16,040 --> 01:17:18,760 I TELL BUT OUR RESEARCH, I JUST 2168 01:17:18,760 --> 01:17:20,400 WANT TO TALK FUNDAMENTALLY ABOUT 2169 01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:22,280 HOW HAIR CELLS ARE THOUGHT TO 2170 01:17:22,280 --> 01:17:24,440 PROCESS INFORMATION BECAUSE IT'S 2171 01:17:24,440 --> 01:17:25,120 REALLY IMPORTANT. 2172 01:17:25,120 --> 01:17:29,400 SO, IN RESPONSE TO A SENSORY 2173 01:17:29,400 --> 01:17:32,240 STIMULUS, APICAL -- AT THE APEX, 2174 01:17:32,240 --> 01:17:39,680 MECHANOSENSORY HAIR BUNDLES ARE 2175 01:17:39,680 --> 01:17:41,320 DEFLECTIVE, OPENING ION CHANNELS 2176 01:17:41,320 --> 01:17:45,600 AND THIS ACTIVITY AT THE TOP 2177 01:17:45,600 --> 01:17:48,120 TRIGGERS ACTIVITY AT THE BASE. 2178 01:17:48,120 --> 01:17:52,360 WE GET CALCIUM INFLUX WITH 2179 01:17:52,360 --> 01:17:54,240 RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER AND 2180 01:17:54,240 --> 01:18:00,240 ACTIVATION OF DOWNSTREAM, THIS 2181 01:18:00,240 --> 01:18:01,440 PROCESS DEFINES THE FUNDAMENTAL 2182 01:18:01,440 --> 01:18:04,960 BASIS OF HOW HAIR CELLS WORK. 2183 01:18:04,960 --> 01:18:06,720 BUT IN OUR INNER EAR WE DON'T 2184 01:18:06,720 --> 01:18:10,120 REALLY KNOW HOW HAIR CELLS ARE 2185 01:18:10,120 --> 01:18:10,800 ACTUALLY FUNCTIONING INSIDE 2186 01:18:10,800 --> 01:18:12,880 BECAUSE WE CAN'T SEE, RIGHT? 2187 01:18:12,880 --> 01:18:14,840 BUT WE PREDICT WHEN SOUND ENTERS 2188 01:18:14,840 --> 01:18:17,320 THE EAR CANAL AND GETS INTO THE 2189 01:18:17,320 --> 01:18:20,600 COCHLEA, WHAT IT WILL DO IS 2190 01:18:20,600 --> 01:18:23,240 ACTUALLY ACTIVATE COLLECTIONS OF 2191 01:18:23,240 --> 01:18:25,200 HAIR CELLS TOGETHER, LIKE 2192 01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:26,960 MULTIPLE HAIR BUNDLES DEFLECTED, 2193 01:18:26,960 --> 01:18:28,480 THIS WILL ACTIVATE, BASED ON 2194 01:18:28,480 --> 01:18:30,200 WHAT WE NOW THEY SHOULD TRANSMIT 2195 01:18:30,200 --> 01:18:34,760 THIS INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN. 2196 01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:35,920 OUR WORK IN ZEBRAFISH SUGGESTS 2197 01:18:35,920 --> 01:18:38,880 THIS MAY NOT BE THE CASE. 2198 01:18:38,880 --> 01:18:40,840 SO, WE FOUND PERHAPS NOT ALL 2199 01:18:40,840 --> 01:18:42,920 HAIR CELLS THAT ARE ACTIVELY 2200 01:18:42,920 --> 01:18:45,480 DETECTING STIMULUS TRANSMIT THIS 2201 01:18:45,480 --> 01:18:49,480 INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN. 2202 01:18:49,480 --> 01:18:55,520 SO, THIS WORK WAS - THE AMAZING 2203 01:18:55,520 --> 01:18:56,720 RESULT BY TWO TRAINEES IN THE 2204 01:18:56,720 --> 01:18:58,160 LAB ASKING THIS QUESTION IN THE 2205 01:18:58,160 --> 01:19:00,240 ZEBRAFISH SYSTEM HOW DO HAIR 2206 01:19:00,240 --> 01:19:00,720 CELLS PROCESS SENSORY 2207 01:19:00,720 --> 01:19:02,080 INFORMATION AND USED ONE OF 2208 01:19:02,080 --> 01:19:03,400 THESE CLUSTERS OF HAIR CELLS IN 2209 01:19:03,400 --> 01:19:06,800 THE LATERAL LINE TO HAVE SORT OF 2210 01:19:06,800 --> 01:19:09,320 A SIMPLER SYSTEM TO STUDY THIS 2211 01:19:09,320 --> 01:19:10,000 PROCESS. 2212 01:19:10,000 --> 01:19:13,440 ABOUT 16 HAIR CELLS WITHIN THE 2213 01:19:13,440 --> 01:19:14,320 SENSORY EPITHELIUM. 2214 01:19:14,320 --> 01:19:16,200 AND TO DO THIS WE'VE DEVELOPED 2215 01:19:16,200 --> 01:19:18,080 WAYS TO BOTH STIMULATE AND LOOK 2216 01:19:18,080 --> 01:19:20,600 AT ACTIVITY OF HAIR CELLS IN 2217 01:19:20,600 --> 01:19:21,560 THIS SENSORY SYSTEM. 2218 01:19:21,560 --> 01:19:24,320 AND SO TO LOOK AT ACTIVITY WE 2219 01:19:24,320 --> 01:19:25,720 USE SOME TRANSGENIC LINES THAT 2220 01:19:25,720 --> 01:19:26,800 WE'VE CREATED. 2221 01:19:26,800 --> 01:19:31,520 ONE OF THEM IS A TRANSGENIC LINE 2222 01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:32,600 THAT EXPRESSES CALCIUM SENSOR 2223 01:19:32,600 --> 01:19:34,680 THAT PROVIDES READOUT OF HAIR 2224 01:19:34,680 --> 01:19:36,000 CELL ACTIVITY SO AS YOU MAY 2225 01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:37,840 RECALL WHEN HAIR CELLS ARE 2226 01:19:37,840 --> 01:19:39,480 ACTIVATED WE GET CALCIUM 2227 01:19:39,480 --> 01:19:44,320 INFLYINGS -- INFLUX AND AFTER 2228 01:19:44,320 --> 01:19:46,480 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY AS WELL. 2229 01:19:46,480 --> 01:19:48,440 THIS INDICATOR IS FLUORESCENT 2230 01:19:48,440 --> 01:19:49,240 INDICATOR, INCREASES IN 2231 01:19:49,240 --> 01:19:51,760 FLUORESCENCE CORRESPOND TO 2232 01:19:51,760 --> 01:19:52,400 INCREASES IN CALCIUM OR 2233 01:19:52,400 --> 01:19:52,920 ACTIVITY. 2234 01:19:52,920 --> 01:19:55,040 WE CAN USE THIS SENSOR TO LOOK 2235 01:19:55,040 --> 01:19:57,880 AT ACTIVITY IN HAIR CELLS AND 2236 01:19:57,880 --> 01:20:01,280 COMBINE THIS WITH A FLUID-JET TO 2237 01:20:01,280 --> 01:20:03,920 ACTIVATE IN LIVING ZEBRAFISH. 2238 01:20:03,920 --> 01:20:04,760 COMPLETELY INTACT PREPARATION, 2239 01:20:04,760 --> 01:20:07,520 REZOOM IN AND LOOK AT A NEURO 2240 01:20:07,520 --> 01:20:09,720 MAST, A CLUSTER OF HAIR CELLS TO 2241 01:20:09,720 --> 01:20:11,000 LOOK AT ACTIVITY. 2242 01:20:11,000 --> 01:20:13,000 BRING IN THIS JET SHOWN HERE ON 2243 01:20:13,000 --> 01:20:16,680 THE TOP AND ALSO OUTLINED IN 2244 01:20:16,680 --> 01:20:20,320 SCHEMATIC TO USE TO MOVE OR 2245 01:20:20,320 --> 01:20:21,280 ACTIVATE THE HAIR CELLS. 2246 01:20:21,280 --> 01:20:22,720 THESE ARE THE HAIR BUNDLES IN 2247 01:20:22,720 --> 01:20:24,480 THE CENTER OF THE IMAGE. 2248 01:20:24,480 --> 01:20:26,440 WE CAN NICELY ACTIVATE THEM TO 2249 01:20:26,440 --> 01:20:27,520 STIMULATE THEM TOGETHER. 2250 01:20:27,520 --> 01:20:29,200 AND MAYBE YOU CAN SEE A LITTLE 2251 01:20:29,200 --> 01:20:30,640 BIT OF MOTION IN THE BACKGROUND 2252 01:20:30,640 --> 01:20:31,600 OF THE MOVIE. 2253 01:20:31,600 --> 01:20:33,480 AND THAT'S ACTUALLY THE BLOOD 2254 01:20:33,480 --> 01:20:34,880 FLOW BENEATH THE FISH SKIN 2255 01:20:34,880 --> 01:20:37,760 BECAUSE IT'S ALIVE. 2256 01:20:37,760 --> 01:20:39,240 WHICH IS QUITE AMAZING. 2257 01:20:39,240 --> 01:20:40,800 WE CAN USE TRANSGENIC LINES TO 2258 01:20:40,800 --> 01:20:43,600 LOOK AT ACTIVITY AND THEN USE 2259 01:20:43,600 --> 01:20:44,840 THE FLUID JET TO STIMULATE THEM 2260 01:20:44,840 --> 01:20:46,480 AND MEASURE THE ACTIVITY. 2261 01:20:46,480 --> 01:20:48,920 FOR THIS STUDY WE CREATED A 2262 01:20:48,920 --> 01:20:51,200 SPECIAL TRANSGENIC LINE WITH 2263 01:20:51,200 --> 01:20:53,280 THIS INDICATOR. 2264 01:20:53,280 --> 01:20:54,360 WE'VE LOCATED THE INDICATOR TO 2265 01:20:54,360 --> 01:20:56,240 THE MEMBRANE OF THE HAIR CELL. 2266 01:20:56,240 --> 01:20:58,320 AND THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT 2267 01:20:58,320 --> 01:20:59,280 BECAUSE IT PUTS INDICATOR 2268 01:20:59,280 --> 01:21:01,480 EXACTLY IN THE RIGHT PLACE WHERE 2269 01:21:01,480 --> 01:21:02,320 THE ACTIVITY IS HAPPENING. 2270 01:21:02,320 --> 01:21:04,520 SO UP AT THE TOP OF THE HAIR 2271 01:21:04,520 --> 01:21:06,640 CELL IN THAT BUNDLE, OR AT THE 2272 01:21:06,640 --> 01:21:09,200 BASE AT THE SYNAPSE. 2273 01:21:09,200 --> 01:21:12,560 SO THIS IS WHAT THE LINE LOOKS 2274 01:21:12,560 --> 01:21:13,680 LIKE IN THE TOP-DOWN IMAGE. 2275 01:21:13,680 --> 01:21:14,960 IF YOU LOOK AT THE TOP OF THE 2276 01:21:14,960 --> 01:21:16,480 HAIR CELLS AND FOLK US IN THERE, 2277 01:21:16,480 --> 01:21:20,280 WE CAN JUST SEE THE TOP OF THE 2278 01:21:20,280 --> 01:21:20,960 HAIR CELLS WHERE 2279 01:21:20,960 --> 01:21:22,800 MECHANOSENSATION IS HAPPENING. 2280 01:21:22,800 --> 01:21:24,040 WE CAN MEASURE CALCIUM COMING 2281 01:21:24,040 --> 01:21:26,240 INTO EACH AND EVERY SINGLE HAIR 2282 01:21:26,240 --> 01:21:26,440 BUNDLE. 2283 01:21:26,440 --> 01:21:27,840 HERE I'M CIRCLING THE TOP OF A 2284 01:21:27,840 --> 01:21:31,360 SINGLE HAIR CELL RIGHT HERE. 2285 01:21:31,360 --> 01:21:33,680 ALSO IF WE JUST FOCUS TO THE 2286 01:21:33,680 --> 01:21:35,080 BOTTOM WE CAN LOOK AT THE 2287 01:21:35,080 --> 01:21:36,480 SYNAPTIC AREA. 2288 01:21:36,480 --> 01:21:39,680 WE CAN ALSO MEASURE CALCIUM 2289 01:21:39,680 --> 01:21:39,920 IN 2290 01:21:39,920 --> 01:21:42,720 INFLUX AT THE BASE. 2291 01:21:42,720 --> 01:21:46,000 HERE IS THE BOTTOM CIRCLED HERE. 2292 01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:48,840 WE CAN USE THIS LINE ALONG WITH 2293 01:21:48,840 --> 01:21:50,200 OUR JET STIMULUS TO UNDERSTAND 2294 01:21:50,200 --> 01:21:52,920 HOW COLLECTIONS OF HAIR CELLS 2295 01:21:52,920 --> 01:21:54,360 DETECT AND TRANSMIT INFORMATION 2296 01:21:54,360 --> 01:21:57,400 TO UNDERSTAND HOW INFORMATION IS 2297 01:21:57,400 --> 01:21:58,760 PROCESSED. 2298 01:21:58,760 --> 01:22:01,440 NOW I'LL SHOW AN EXAMPLE OF A 2299 01:22:01,440 --> 01:22:02,440 FINDING THAT TRANSFORMED THE WAY 2300 01:22:02,440 --> 01:22:07,760 WE THINK ABOUT HOW HAIR CELLS 2301 01:22:07,760 --> 01:22:08,280 WORK. 2302 01:22:08,280 --> 01:22:09,160 HERE IS ACTUAL EXPERIMENT, HERE 2303 01:22:09,160 --> 01:22:11,160 IS TOP OF THE HAIR CELLS, TOP OF 2304 01:22:11,160 --> 01:22:12,600 12 HAIR CELLS HERE. 2305 01:22:12,600 --> 01:22:14,920 AT THE BOTTOM IS THE BASE OF THE 2306 01:22:14,920 --> 01:22:15,680 HAIR CELLS. 2307 01:22:15,680 --> 01:22:18,280 SO WHEN WE GAVE A STIMULUS THAT 2308 01:22:18,280 --> 01:22:20,920 ACTIVATED ALL HAIR CELLS 2309 01:22:20,920 --> 01:22:24,640 TOGETHER WE SAW ROBUST CALCIUM 2310 01:22:24,640 --> 01:22:27,160 INFLUX INTO THE TOP OF ALL THE 2311 01:22:27,160 --> 01:22:28,240 HAIR CELLS. 2312 01:22:28,240 --> 01:22:29,640 HERE, INCREASES IN CALCIUM ARE 2313 01:22:29,640 --> 01:22:32,080 ENCODED BY A HEAT MAP. 2314 01:22:32,080 --> 01:22:35,160 SHOWN ON THE RIGHT. 2315 01:22:35,160 --> 01:22:36,680 INCREASES IN CALCIUM CORRESPOND 2316 01:22:36,680 --> 01:22:38,960 TO YELLOW OR RED. 2317 01:22:38,960 --> 01:22:41,600 ALL 12 HAIR CELLS HAD ROBUST 2318 01:22:41,600 --> 01:22:43,800 CALCIUM INFLUX INDICATING THAT 2319 01:22:43,800 --> 01:22:45,240 THERE WAS MECHANOSENSATION AND 2320 01:22:45,240 --> 01:22:46,360 THEY DETECTED THE STIMULUS. 2321 01:22:46,360 --> 01:22:48,360 BASED ON WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HOW 2322 01:22:48,360 --> 01:22:51,360 HAIR CELLS WORK, WE ALSO PREDICT 2323 01:22:51,360 --> 01:22:54,400 THERE WOULD BE SYNAPTIC CALCIUM 2324 01:22:54,400 --> 01:22:55,040 IN 2325 01:22:55,040 --> 01:22:58,640 INFLUX AT THE BOTTOM AS WELL. 2326 01:22:58,640 --> 01:23:00,640 WE SAW SOMETHING THAT WAS 2327 01:23:00,640 --> 01:23:00,960 SURPRISING. 2328 01:23:00,960 --> 01:23:02,280 SO, AT THE BASE OF THE HAIR 2329 01:23:02,280 --> 01:23:07,000 CELLS WE WERE ABLE TO DETECT 2330 01:23:07,000 --> 01:23:09,720 CALCIUM INFLUX AT THE SYNAPSES 2331 01:23:09,720 --> 01:23:14,080 BUT OBSERVED ACTIVITY IN ONLY A 2332 01:23:14,080 --> 01:23:14,320 SUBSET. 2333 01:23:14,320 --> 01:23:16,400 I'VE CIRCLED FOUR HAIR CELLS 2334 01:23:16,400 --> 01:23:18,160 WITH SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY BUT 2335 01:23:18,160 --> 01:23:19,280 SURPRISINGLY THE VAST MAJORITY 2336 01:23:19,280 --> 01:23:21,520 OF THE HAIR CELLS WERE 2337 01:23:21,520 --> 01:23:23,560 SYNAPTICALLY SILENT, NOT 2338 01:23:23,560 --> 01:23:28,520 TRANSMITTING ANY INFORMATION. 2339 01:23:28,520 --> 01:23:31,440 I'VE CIRCLED THESE IN WHITE. 2340 01:23:31,440 --> 01:23:34,280 WE'VE STIMULATED FOR HOURS, USE 2341 01:23:34,280 --> 01:23:36,160 ALL SORTS OF STIMULATION 2342 01:23:36,160 --> 01:23:37,160 PARADIGMS, IT'S ALWAYS THE SAME 2343 01:23:37,160 --> 01:23:41,960 SUBSET OF HAIR CELLS THAT 2344 01:23:41,960 --> 01:23:42,760 TRANSMIT INFORMATION. 2345 01:23:42,760 --> 01:23:44,720 AND SO IN SUMMARY OF THIS 2346 01:23:44,720 --> 01:23:46,680 PROJECT WE FOUND PERHAPS NOT ALL 2347 01:23:46,680 --> 01:23:49,000 HAIR CELLS ARE NEEDED 2348 01:23:49,000 --> 01:23:50,320 SIMULTANEOUSLY TO TRANSMIT 2349 01:23:50,320 --> 01:23:51,720 SENSORY INFORMATION. 2350 01:23:51,720 --> 01:23:54,040 AND THIS WAS -- THIS IDEA THAT 2351 01:23:54,040 --> 01:23:56,120 DETECTION DOES NOT ALWAYS LEAD 2352 01:23:56,120 --> 01:23:58,640 TO SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY WAS REALLY 2353 01:23:58,640 --> 01:24:00,160 SURPRISING AND FOR US 2354 01:24:00,160 --> 01:24:01,040 REPRESENTED A PARADIGM SHIFT IN 2355 01:24:01,040 --> 01:24:04,120 THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT HOW HAIR 2356 01:24:04,120 --> 01:24:06,960 CELLS WORKED AND SUGGESTED THERE 2357 01:24:06,960 --> 01:24:08,400 WAS MECHANISM BY WHICH SOME 2358 01:24:08,400 --> 01:24:10,840 CELLS SEEM TO BE ACTIVELY 2359 01:24:10,840 --> 01:24:11,360 SILENCED. 2360 01:24:11,360 --> 01:24:13,200 AND THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE 2361 01:24:13,200 --> 01:24:15,480 PERHAPS IT'S AN UNEXPECTED 2362 01:24:15,480 --> 01:24:17,880 COMPLEXITY WHICH MAY BE 2363 01:24:17,880 --> 01:24:21,040 PRESERVED IN THE MAMMALIAN 2364 01:24:21,040 --> 01:24:22,400 AUDITORY VESTIBULAR SYSTEM. 2365 01:24:22,400 --> 01:24:24,160 AS YOU LISTEN TO ME WE DON'T 2366 01:24:24,160 --> 01:24:27,440 KNOW HOW MANY HAIR CELLS ARE 2367 01:24:27,440 --> 01:24:28,400 DETECTING AND TRANSMITTING BUT 2368 01:24:28,400 --> 01:24:31,600 RESULTS SUGGEST PERHAPS NOT ALL 2369 01:24:31,600 --> 01:24:34,560 ARE NEEDED TO TRANSMIT THIS 2370 01:24:34,560 --> 01:24:34,840 INFORMATION. 2371 01:24:34,840 --> 01:24:35,760 AFTER THIS ORIGINAL FINDING WE 2372 01:24:35,760 --> 01:24:37,600 HAD A LOT OF QUESTIONS, HOW 2373 01:24:37,600 --> 01:24:38,240 SCIENCE GOES. 2374 01:24:38,240 --> 01:24:40,880 WE'RE INTERESTED IN THE HOW AND 2375 01:24:40,880 --> 01:24:43,640 THE WHY BEHIND WHAT WAS 2376 01:24:43,640 --> 01:24:43,960 HAPPENING. 2377 01:24:43,960 --> 01:24:48,560 HOW ARE SOME OF THE HAIR CELLS 2378 01:24:48,560 --> 01:24:49,720 BEING SILENCED SYNAPTICALLY? 2379 01:24:49,720 --> 01:24:50,880 OF COURSE WHY? 2380 01:24:50,880 --> 01:24:51,960 WHY WOULD THE SENSORY SYSTEM 2381 01:24:51,960 --> 01:24:57,720 NEED TO SILENCE THE CELLS? 2382 01:24:57,720 --> 01:25:03,800 TODAY I'M FOCUSING ON THE WHY OF 2383 01:25:03,800 --> 01:25:08,600 WHY SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IS 2384 01:25:08,600 --> 01:25:09,160 SILENCED. 2385 01:25:09,160 --> 01:25:12,200 WE HYPOTHESIZE CELLS COULD BE AN 2386 01:25:12,200 --> 01:25:14,680 IMPORTANT RESERVE. 2387 01:25:14,680 --> 01:25:17,440 IF THERE'S DAMAGE TO THE SYSTEM 2388 01:25:17,440 --> 01:25:19,120 OTHER CELLS MIGHT COME ONLINE 2389 01:25:19,120 --> 01:25:21,240 AND BE BE RECRUITED TO PRESERVE 2390 01:25:21,240 --> 01:25:22,880 SENSORY SYSTEM FUNCTION. 2391 01:25:22,880 --> 01:25:24,840 THIS IS SOMETHING WE TESTED 2392 01:25:24,840 --> 01:25:25,360 SEVERAL WAYS. 2393 01:25:25,360 --> 01:25:28,320 ONE OF THE WAYS IS THROUGH SUCH 2394 01:25:28,320 --> 01:25:32,160 A DAMAGE PARADIGM. 2395 01:25:32,160 --> 01:25:33,360 FOR THESE EXPERIMENTS WE USED 2396 01:25:33,360 --> 01:25:35,120 DAMAGE TO SEE IF WE COULD 2397 01:25:35,120 --> 01:25:36,640 UNSILENCE THESE CELLS. 2398 01:25:36,640 --> 01:25:39,360 SO IN THIS EXPERIMENT WE FIRST 2399 01:25:39,360 --> 01:25:42,640 LOOKED TO SEE WHICH HAIR CELLS 2400 01:25:42,640 --> 01:25:44,560 HAD SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY. 2401 01:25:44,560 --> 01:25:46,400 HERE THERE WAS FOUR. 2402 01:25:46,400 --> 01:25:49,560 WE USE A LASER TO DAMAGE ONE OF 2403 01:25:49,560 --> 01:25:50,440 THOSE SYNAPTICALLY ACTIVE CELLS 2404 01:25:50,440 --> 01:25:52,640 AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE 2405 01:25:52,640 --> 01:25:53,840 SYSTEM AFTER DAMAGE. 2406 01:25:53,840 --> 01:25:55,880 IN THIS CASE WHAT WE FOUND WAS 2407 01:25:55,880 --> 01:25:57,880 THAT JUST MINUTES AFTER DAMAGE 2408 01:25:57,880 --> 01:25:58,640 WHEN WE RESTIMULATED THE HAIR 2409 01:25:58,640 --> 01:26:02,360 CELLS WE FOUND THE DAMAGED CELL 2410 01:26:02,360 --> 01:26:06,160 IS NO LONGER RESPONDING. 2411 01:26:06,160 --> 01:26:07,400 SURPRISINGLY AFTER DAMAGE WE'RE 2412 01:26:07,400 --> 01:26:10,680 ABLE TO RECRUIT PREVIOUSLY 2413 01:26:10,680 --> 01:26:11,960 SILENT CELLS INTO THE ACTIVE 2414 01:26:11,960 --> 01:26:12,760 STATE. 2415 01:26:12,760 --> 01:26:15,240 WE HAVE THREE HAIR CELLS, NOW IT 2416 01:26:15,240 --> 01:26:17,560 SYNAPTIC PREVIOUSLY, PREVIOUSLY 2417 01:26:17,560 --> 01:26:19,000 THEY HAD NONE. 2418 01:26:19,000 --> 01:26:21,040 THIS WAS REALLY COOL BECAUSE IT 2419 01:26:21,040 --> 01:26:23,240 WAS VERY GRATIFYING FOR US 2420 01:26:23,240 --> 01:26:24,800 BECAUSE IT TOLD US SILENT CELLS 2421 01:26:24,800 --> 01:26:27,640 DID EVERYTHING THEY NEEDED FOR 2422 01:26:27,640 --> 01:26:28,520 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY, AND IN FACT, 2423 01:26:28,520 --> 01:26:30,600 YOU KNOW, THEY COULD BE 2424 01:26:30,600 --> 01:26:33,320 UNSILENCED AND PLAY A ROLE AS A 2425 01:26:33,320 --> 01:26:34,440 RESERVE POPULATION AS A SYSTEM 2426 01:26:34,440 --> 01:26:38,680 NEEDS THEM, WHICH IS QUITE COOL. 2427 01:26:38,680 --> 01:26:41,720 SO YES IT DOES SEEM LIKE SILENT 2428 01:26:41,720 --> 01:26:44,160 CELLS COULD ACT AS RESEARCH AND 2429 01:26:44,160 --> 01:26:45,920 THE SYSTEM COULD CALL UPON THEM 2430 01:26:45,920 --> 01:26:47,560 AT NEEDED BUT STILL DIDN'T 2431 01:26:47,560 --> 01:26:48,760 COMPLETELY MAKE SENSE WHY. 2432 01:26:48,760 --> 01:26:50,320 WHY NOT JUST USE ALL THE HAIR 2433 01:26:50,320 --> 01:26:51,040 CELLS ALL THE TIME? 2434 01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:52,680 YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN? 2435 01:26:52,680 --> 01:26:54,640 WHY GO THROUGH THIS COMPLICATED 2436 01:26:54,640 --> 01:26:57,840 PROCESS OF SILENCING SOME AND 2437 01:26:57,840 --> 01:26:59,520 UNSILENCING THEM AS NEEDED? 2438 01:26:59,520 --> 01:27:02,160 AND ONE OF THE REASONS THAT WE 2439 01:27:02,160 --> 01:27:03,800 THINK IS THAT PERHAPS IT'S NOT 2440 01:27:03,800 --> 01:27:06,760 JUST RESERVE BUT COULD ALSO BE A 2441 01:27:06,760 --> 01:27:08,680 WAY TO CONSERVE ENERGY BECAUSE 2442 01:27:08,680 --> 01:27:11,240 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IS EXTREMELY 2443 01:27:11,240 --> 01:27:11,880 ENERGY DEMANDING. 2444 01:27:11,880 --> 01:27:14,840 SO THIS HAS BEEN A TOPIC THAT 2445 01:27:14,840 --> 01:27:16,280 WE'VE BEEN ACTIVELY PURSUING IN 2446 01:27:16,280 --> 01:27:18,240 A NUMBER OF WAYS. 2447 01:27:18,240 --> 01:27:21,280 AND SO THIS IS JUST THE SECOND 2448 01:27:21,280 --> 01:27:23,160 PART OF THE TALK TRYING TO LOOK 2449 01:27:23,160 --> 01:27:25,080 AT THE COST OF SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY 2450 01:27:25,080 --> 01:27:27,200 AND IF THIS CAN EXPLAIN THE 2451 01:27:27,200 --> 01:27:35,040 SYNAPTIC SILENCING WE SAW FROM 2452 01:27:35,040 --> 01:27:38,760 PREVIOUS RESULTS. 2453 01:27:38,760 --> 01:27:41,120 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE COST OR 2454 01:27:41,120 --> 01:27:44,320 THE ENERGY REQUIRED TO FUEL 2455 01:27:44,320 --> 01:27:45,320 SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, OUR FOCUS 2456 01:27:45,320 --> 01:27:48,800 REALLY GOES TO OUR FRIEND THE 2457 01:27:48,800 --> 01:27:49,240 MITOCHONDRIA. 2458 01:27:49,240 --> 01:27:51,560 SO, THE MITOCHONDRIA IS REALLY 2459 01:27:51,560 --> 01:27:53,160 IMPORTANT ORGANELLE, MAIN ROLE 2460 01:27:53,160 --> 01:27:54,360 TO GENERATE ENERGY, TO FUEL ALL 2461 01:27:54,360 --> 01:27:57,440 SORTS OF THINGS IN THE CELL. 2462 01:27:57,440 --> 01:27:58,880 IT'S GREAT TO CREATE ENERGY AS 2463 01:27:58,880 --> 01:28:00,960 WE NEED IT, THERE'S A COST TO 2464 01:28:00,960 --> 01:28:01,600 PRODUCING ENERGY. 2465 01:28:01,600 --> 01:28:04,160 AND ONE OF THE MAIN COSTS IS 2466 01:28:04,160 --> 01:28:08,200 THAT YOU CAN CREATE CYTOTOXIC 2467 01:28:08,200 --> 01:28:09,120 BYPRODUCTS SUCH AS REACTIVE 2468 01:28:09,120 --> 01:28:10,160 OXYGEN EXPERIENCE, DAMAGING TO 2469 01:28:10,160 --> 01:28:13,680 THE CELL, LEADING TO CELL DEATH 2470 01:28:13,680 --> 01:28:16,440 AND CAN MAKE CELLS VULNERABLE TO 2471 01:28:16,440 --> 01:28:16,880 INSULTS. 2472 01:28:16,880 --> 01:28:19,360 IF THIS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2473 01:28:19,360 --> 01:28:19,960 MITOCHONDRIA AND VULNERABILITY 2474 01:28:19,960 --> 01:28:22,680 THAT IS ONE OF THE REASONS MANY 2475 01:28:22,680 --> 01:28:25,960 FORMS OF HEARING LOSS ARE LINKED 2476 01:28:25,960 --> 01:28:27,400 TO MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION. 2477 01:28:27,400 --> 01:28:30,560 WE ALREADY KNOW IT'S IMPORTANT 2478 01:28:30,560 --> 01:28:31,560 FOR HEARING. 2479 01:28:31,560 --> 01:28:34,800 AND THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE WITH 2480 01:28:34,800 --> 01:28:37,800 REGARDS TO SYNAPSES, SO LIKE 2481 01:28:37,800 --> 01:28:38,680 WORK IN NEURONS, MITOCHONDRIA 2482 01:28:38,680 --> 01:28:41,480 ARE THOUGHT TO BE REALLY 2483 01:28:41,480 --> 01:28:43,840 IMPORTANT TO SUPPORT SYNAPSES IN 2484 01:28:43,840 --> 01:28:44,760 HAIR CELLS AS WELL. 2485 01:28:44,760 --> 01:28:48,720 WHAT I'M SHOWING ON THE LEFT IS 2486 01:28:48,720 --> 01:28:49,600 ELECTRON MICROGRAPH, TAKING A 2487 01:28:49,600 --> 01:28:50,600 SLICE THROUGH A ZEBRAFISH HAIR 2488 01:28:50,600 --> 01:28:51,040 CELL. 2489 01:28:51,040 --> 01:28:52,800 WE'RE AT THE BASE OF A HAIR CELL 2490 01:28:52,800 --> 01:28:53,320 HERE. 2491 01:28:53,320 --> 01:28:56,400 HERE IS THE SYNAPSE HERE IN THE 2492 01:28:56,400 --> 01:28:57,800 BLUE BOX. 2493 01:28:57,800 --> 01:28:59,880 HERE ARE THREE MITOCHONDRIA NEAR 2494 01:28:59,880 --> 01:29:01,400 THE SYNAPSE, ALL READY TO HELP 2495 01:29:01,400 --> 01:29:04,400 AND PROVIDE ENERGY AS NEEDED. 2496 01:29:04,400 --> 01:29:05,160 AND ALTHOUGH WE'VE TAKEN A LOT 2497 01:29:05,160 --> 01:29:06,680 OF BEAUTIFUL IMAGES LIKE THIS 2498 01:29:06,680 --> 01:29:10,640 AND THEY ARE VERY LOVELY AND 2499 01:29:10,640 --> 01:29:11,440 EXTREMELY HIGH RESOLUTION THEY 2500 01:29:11,440 --> 01:29:12,360 DON'T TELL US WHAT MITOCHONDRIA 2501 01:29:12,360 --> 01:29:14,800 ARE DOING IN LIVING CELLS. 2502 01:29:14,800 --> 01:29:16,720 SO A HUGE PART OF OUR WORK HAS 2503 01:29:16,720 --> 01:29:19,480 BEEN TRYING TO DEVELOP NEW TOOLS 2504 01:29:19,480 --> 01:29:21,560 TO STUDY MITOCHONDRIA IN LIVING 2505 01:29:21,560 --> 01:29:22,880 HAIR CELLS. 2506 01:29:22,880 --> 01:29:25,920 SO WE'VE CREATED A LOT OF NEW 2507 01:29:25,920 --> 01:29:27,080 TRANSGENIC LINES TO LABEL 2508 01:29:27,080 --> 01:29:28,360 MITOCHONDRIA TO STUDY THEM. 2509 01:29:28,360 --> 01:29:30,880 SO WHAT I'M SHOWING ON THE RIGHT 2510 01:29:30,880 --> 01:29:32,840 IS A LIVE IMAGE OF AN ENTIRE 2511 01:29:32,840 --> 01:29:34,600 CLUSTER OF HAIR CELLS IN THE 2512 01:29:34,600 --> 01:29:36,000 LATERAL LINES, WE HAVE 16 HAIR 2513 01:29:36,000 --> 01:29:37,120 CELLS HERE. 2514 01:29:37,120 --> 01:29:39,520 THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE LABELED IN 2515 01:29:39,520 --> 01:29:43,880 GREEN AND SYNAPSES LABELED WITH 2516 01:29:43,880 --> 01:29:45,000 ANOTHER MARKER IN PINK. 2517 01:29:45,000 --> 01:29:46,720 IT'S LIKE A PLATE OF SPAGHETTI 2518 01:29:46,720 --> 01:29:47,720 OR SOMETHING. 2519 01:29:47,720 --> 01:29:50,560 IF WE FOCUS IN ON THE BASE OF A 2520 01:29:50,560 --> 01:29:52,320 SINGLE HAIR CELL, THIS BOX HERE, 2521 01:29:52,320 --> 01:29:54,080 AT THE BOTTOM WE CAN GET A 2522 01:29:54,080 --> 01:29:55,400 SIMILAR VIEW TO THE ONE ON THE 2523 01:29:55,400 --> 01:29:55,600 LEFT. 2524 01:29:55,600 --> 01:29:58,240 THIS IS WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE 2525 01:29:58,240 --> 01:29:58,560 NOW. 2526 01:29:58,560 --> 01:30:04,480 THIS IS THE BOTTOM OF A SINGLE 2527 01:30:04,480 --> 01:30:05,680 HAIR CELL, MITOCHONDRIA IN 2528 01:30:05,680 --> 01:30:07,960 GREEN, SYNAPSES IN PINK. 2529 01:30:07,960 --> 01:30:12,880 IT LOOKS DIFFERENT THAN THE 2530 01:30:12,880 --> 01:30:16,080 STATIC IMAGE, WE CAN SEE THE 2531 01:30:16,080 --> 01:30:16,840 MITOCHONDRIA POISED TO SUPPORT 2532 01:30:16,840 --> 01:30:19,400 AND PROVIDE ENERGY FOR THE 2533 01:30:19,400 --> 01:30:20,480 SYNAPSE, QUITE COOL. 2534 01:30:20,480 --> 01:30:24,080 IT'S LIKE A THREE DIMENSIONAL 2535 01:30:24,080 --> 01:30:24,280 IMAGE. 2536 01:30:24,280 --> 01:30:25,480 SO IN THINKING ABOUT NOW THAT 2537 01:30:25,480 --> 01:30:26,920 I'VE TOLD YOU ABOUT THE 2538 01:30:26,920 --> 01:30:29,080 MITOCHONDRIA, HOW IS THIS GOING 2539 01:30:29,080 --> 01:30:31,640 TO PLAY INTO THESE SYNAPTICALLY 2540 01:30:31,640 --> 01:30:32,840 ACTIVE AND SYNAPTICALLY SILENT 2541 01:30:32,840 --> 01:30:34,200 CELLS WE OBSERVED IN OUR 2542 01:30:34,200 --> 01:30:34,840 PREVIOUS STUDY? 2543 01:30:34,840 --> 01:30:38,360 IN THE CASE WITH SYNAPTIC 2544 01:30:38,360 --> 01:30:40,000 ACTIVITY, WE PROPOSE THERE ARE 2545 01:30:40,000 --> 01:30:42,160 ENERGY DEMANDS IN THE CELL ARE 2546 01:30:42,160 --> 01:30:42,880 HIGH. 2547 01:30:42,880 --> 01:30:46,280 THIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY THIS 2548 01:30:46,280 --> 01:30:48,600 EXCESS ADDITIONAL REACTIVE 2549 01:30:48,600 --> 01:30:49,640 OXYGEN SPECIES, WHICH CAN 2550 01:30:49,640 --> 01:30:51,960 OXIDIZE THE CELL AND DAMAGE THE 2551 01:30:51,960 --> 01:30:52,280 MITOCHONDRIA. 2552 01:30:52,280 --> 01:30:54,040 BUT IN THE CASE WHEN WE HAVE 2553 01:30:54,040 --> 01:30:55,680 SILENT CELLS, LESS ENERGY IS 2554 01:30:55,680 --> 01:30:57,880 NEEDED BECAUSE THERE'S NOT 2555 01:30:57,880 --> 01:30:59,880 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY, AND WE HAVE 2556 01:30:59,880 --> 01:31:02,280 LESS REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND 2557 01:31:02,280 --> 01:31:03,120 LESS MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS. 2558 01:31:03,120 --> 01:31:05,640 AND SO BASED ON THIS PREMISE A 2559 01:31:05,640 --> 01:31:12,960 GRADUATE OPPORTUNITY IN THE LAB 2560 01:31:12,960 --> 01:31:15,800 ASK IF THIS WAS TRUE, DOES IT 2561 01:31:15,800 --> 01:31:17,680 DECREASE MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS IN 2562 01:31:17,680 --> 01:31:18,320 HAIR CELLS? 2563 01:31:18,320 --> 01:31:20,840 SHE TESTED THIS IN SEVERAL WAYS 2564 01:31:20,840 --> 01:31:23,160 AND ONE OF THE FIRST WAYS, THE 2565 01:31:23,160 --> 01:31:25,120 MAIN WAY, WAS BY TAKING A 2566 01:31:25,120 --> 01:31:25,640 GENETIC APPROACH. 2567 01:31:25,640 --> 01:31:27,440 SO IN THIS CASE SHE LOOKED AT A 2568 01:31:27,440 --> 01:31:29,720 MUTANT WE HAVE IN THE LAB. 2569 01:31:29,720 --> 01:31:34,080 THIS IS A MUTANT CALLED CAV 1.3, 2570 01:31:34,080 --> 01:31:39,480 ENCODES A CALCIUM CHANNEL 2571 01:31:39,480 --> 01:31:41,720 REQUIRED AT THE SYNAPSE. 2572 01:31:41,720 --> 01:31:43,280 THERE'S NO SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IN 2573 01:31:43,280 --> 01:31:43,960 THE MUTANT. 2574 01:31:43,960 --> 01:31:45,560 ALL THE HAIR CELLS ARE 2575 01:31:45,560 --> 01:31:49,320 SYNAPTICALLY SILENT IN THIS 2576 01:31:49,320 --> 01:31:49,760 MUTANT. 2577 01:31:49,760 --> 01:31:51,400 SHE ASKED -- SHE STARTED TO LOOK 2578 01:31:51,400 --> 01:31:54,240 FOR DIFFERENT WAYS TO ASSESS THE 2579 01:31:54,240 --> 01:31:56,000 MITOCHONDRIA IN THESE MUTANTS. 2580 01:31:56,000 --> 01:31:57,520 I'LL SHOW AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF 2581 01:31:57,520 --> 01:32:00,000 THE TOOLS SHE USED TO LOOK AT 2582 01:32:00,000 --> 01:32:01,040 THE MITOCHONDRIA. 2583 01:32:01,040 --> 01:32:05,520 THIS IS A TOOL DEVELOPED BY DAVE 2584 01:32:05,520 --> 01:32:07,480 RAIBLE'S LAB, UNIVERSITY OF 2585 01:32:07,480 --> 01:32:10,440 WASHINGTON, A GREAT TOOL. 2586 01:32:10,440 --> 01:32:13,520 IT'S HAIR CELLS. 2587 01:32:13,520 --> 01:32:15,560 AND THIS TRANSGENIC LINE 2588 01:32:15,560 --> 01:32:16,920 EXPRESSED MITOTIMER WHICH YOU 2589 01:32:16,920 --> 01:32:18,000 CAN SEE IN IMAGES. 2590 01:32:18,000 --> 01:32:24,240 IT LABELS THEM IN TWO WAYS. 2591 01:32:24,240 --> 01:32:25,320 REALLY YOUNG HEALTHY 2592 01:32:25,320 --> 01:32:26,520 MITOCHONDRIA FLUORESCE IN GREEN 2593 01:32:26,520 --> 01:32:29,360 ON THE LEFT, BUT THEN OLDER 2594 01:32:29,360 --> 01:32:31,560 OXIDIZED OR STRESSED 2595 01:32:31,560 --> 01:32:32,640 MITOCHONDRIA FLUORESCE IN RED, 2596 01:32:32,640 --> 01:32:33,840 MAGENTA ON THE RIGHT. 2597 01:32:33,840 --> 01:32:37,800 YOU CAN GET THIS NICE READOUT OF 2598 01:32:37,800 --> 01:32:39,160 THE MITOCHONDRIAL POPULATIONS IN 2599 01:32:39,160 --> 01:32:40,200 HAIR CELLS. 2600 01:32:40,200 --> 01:32:41,920 AND SO USING THIS LINE ONE OF 2601 01:32:41,920 --> 01:32:43,880 THE THINGS YOU CAN SEE IS THAT 2602 01:32:43,880 --> 01:32:45,960 YOU CAN ACTUALLY STUDY THE 2603 01:32:45,960 --> 01:32:47,880 MITOCHONDRIA IN HAIR CELLS OVER 2604 01:32:47,880 --> 01:32:49,280 TIME AS THEY AGE. 2605 01:32:49,280 --> 01:32:52,240 HERE I'M SHOWING YOU THREE 2606 01:32:52,240 --> 01:32:56,080 DIFFERENT AGES IN ZEBRAFISH IN A 2607 01:32:56,080 --> 01:32:57,920 CONTROL ANIMAL LIKING AT 2608 01:32:57,920 --> 01:33:00,520 MITOTIMER AND HERE RATIO OF 2609 01:33:00,520 --> 01:33:01,760 OXIDIZED OR STRESSED TO HEALTHY 2610 01:33:01,760 --> 01:33:04,480 IN GREEN, WE CAN SEE THIS RATIO 2611 01:33:04,480 --> 01:33:08,440 GOES UP OVER TIME, SHOWING THAT 2612 01:33:08,440 --> 01:33:10,280 MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS INCREASES 2613 01:33:10,280 --> 01:33:11,680 WITH AGE. 2614 01:33:11,680 --> 01:33:12,920 IMPORTANTLY WHEN DARIA DID THE 2615 01:33:12,920 --> 01:33:16,920 SAME APPROACH BUT SHE LOOKED AT 2616 01:33:16,920 --> 01:33:18,200 HER CALCIUM CHANNEL MUTANT, 2617 01:33:18,200 --> 01:33:21,320 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY WAS BLOCKED, 2618 01:33:21,320 --> 01:33:22,760 SHE FOUND WHILE HAIR CELLS START 2619 01:33:22,760 --> 01:33:25,520 WHEN THEY ARE YOUNG WHEN THEY 2620 01:33:25,520 --> 01:33:27,360 START AT SIMILAR STRESS LEVEL 2621 01:33:27,360 --> 01:33:30,000 BUT OVER TIME THE MITOCHONDRIA 2622 01:33:30,000 --> 01:33:32,960 IN THESE MUTANTS SEEM TO 2623 01:33:32,960 --> 01:33:33,840 ACCUMULATE LESS MITOCHONDRIAL 2624 01:33:33,840 --> 01:33:34,280 STRESS. 2625 01:33:34,280 --> 01:33:35,920 AND THIS IS GOOD BECAUSE IT 2626 01:33:35,920 --> 01:33:37,360 SUGGESTS THE HAIR CELLS IN THE 2627 01:33:37,360 --> 01:33:41,720 MITOCHONDRIA AND HAIR CELLS ARE 2628 01:33:41,720 --> 01:33:42,320 HAPPIER AND HEALTHIER. 2629 01:33:42,320 --> 01:33:45,440 AND SO THIS WAS GOOD NEWS FOR 2630 01:33:45,440 --> 01:33:45,680 US. 2631 01:33:45,680 --> 01:33:48,480 WE LIKE THIS. 2632 01:33:48,480 --> 01:33:50,320 DARIA ASKED IF THERE'S LESS 2633 01:33:50,320 --> 01:33:52,960 MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS CAN THIS BE 2634 01:33:52,960 --> 01:33:53,960 PROTECTIVE AGAINST ADDITIONAL 2635 01:33:53,960 --> 01:33:57,480 DAMAGE THAT YOU COULD BRING INTO 2636 01:33:57,480 --> 01:33:58,360 THE SYSTEM? 2637 01:33:58,360 --> 01:34:02,160 MANY OF YOU KNOW HAIR CELLS ARE 2638 01:34:02,160 --> 01:34:03,800 SUSCEPTIBLE TO STRESSORS, VERY 2639 01:34:03,800 --> 01:34:04,600 FRAGILE CELLS. 2640 01:34:04,600 --> 01:34:07,320 SO LOUD NOISE CAN DAMAGE THEM. 2641 01:34:07,320 --> 01:34:11,680 SIMPLY AGING CAN DAMAGE THEM. 2642 01:34:11,680 --> 01:34:15,080 AND SEVERAL DIFFERENT DRUGS 2643 01:34:15,080 --> 01:34:16,200 INCLUDING IMMUNOGLYCOSIDE 2644 01:34:16,200 --> 01:34:16,960 ANTIBIOTICS. 2645 01:34:16,960 --> 01:34:19,160 CAUSING PERMANENT HEARING LOSS 2646 01:34:19,160 --> 01:34:21,560 IN HUMANS WHEN DAMAGED. 2647 01:34:21,560 --> 01:34:26,080 DARIA CHOSE TO TREAT HAIR CELLS 2648 01:34:26,080 --> 01:34:27,480 WITH IMMUNOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC 2649 01:34:27,480 --> 01:34:28,640 NEOMYCIN. 2650 01:34:28,640 --> 01:34:30,520 PREVIOUS WORK HAS SHOWN IN 2651 01:34:30,520 --> 01:34:33,040 ZEBRAFISH NEOMYCIN IS A GREAT 2652 01:34:33,040 --> 01:34:35,480 WAY TO STUDY OTOTOXIC STRESS IN 2653 01:34:35,480 --> 01:34:37,560 THE LATERAL LINE SYSTEM. 2654 01:34:37,560 --> 01:34:38,760 WE KNOW NEOMYCIN IS RAPIDLY 2655 01:34:38,760 --> 01:34:40,280 TAKEN UP INTO LATERAL LINE HAIR 2656 01:34:40,280 --> 01:34:43,440 CELLS IF YOU APPLY TO THE 2657 01:34:43,440 --> 01:34:43,800 AQUATIC MEDIA. 2658 01:34:43,800 --> 01:34:46,400 AND IT WILL BE TAKEN UP AND 2659 01:34:46,400 --> 01:34:47,920 DAMAGE HAIR CELLS IN MINUTES, 2660 01:34:47,920 --> 01:34:50,760 IT'S A REALLY GOOD TOOL, QUICK 2661 01:34:50,760 --> 01:34:53,400 AND EASY TOOL TO STUDY OTOTOXIC 2662 01:34:53,400 --> 01:34:56,040 INSULT IN THE LATERAL LINE 2663 01:34:56,040 --> 01:34:56,440 SYSTEM. 2664 01:34:56,440 --> 01:34:59,720 WHAT DARIA FOUND IS IN HER 2665 01:34:59,720 --> 01:35:02,520 CONTROL ANIMALS WHEN SHE TREATED 2666 01:35:02,520 --> 01:35:03,400 WITH NEOMYCIN OBSERVED LOTS OF 2667 01:35:03,400 --> 01:35:04,040 CELL DEATH. 2668 01:35:04,040 --> 01:35:05,640 THIS IS A BEFORE IMAGE OF A 2669 01:35:05,640 --> 01:35:09,160 CLUSTER OF HAIR CELLS AND AFTER 2670 01:35:09,160 --> 01:35:09,920 NEOMYCIN TREATMENT, OVER HALF 2671 01:35:09,920 --> 01:35:12,680 THE HAIR CELLS ARE DAMAGED OR 2672 01:35:12,680 --> 01:35:12,880 DYING. 2673 01:35:12,880 --> 01:35:15,200 WHAT SHE FOUND IS WHEN SHE 2674 01:35:15,200 --> 01:35:17,400 LOOKED AT HER MUTANTS THAT HAD 2675 01:35:17,400 --> 01:35:18,560 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY BLOCKED, LIKE 2676 01:35:18,560 --> 01:35:21,720 THE SILENT HAIR CELLS, ALL THE 2677 01:35:21,720 --> 01:35:26,240 CELLS ARE SILENCED, 2678 01:35:26,240 --> 01:35:28,720 SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER HAIR CELLS 2679 01:35:28,720 --> 01:35:30,040 WERE -- SIGNIFICANTLY MORE HAIR 2680 01:35:30,040 --> 01:35:32,000 CELLS WERE SURVIVING IN THE 2681 01:35:32,000 --> 01:35:33,000 MUTANT COMPARED TO CONTROLS 2682 01:35:33,000 --> 01:35:34,000 SHOWN HERE. 2683 01:35:34,000 --> 01:35:36,840 AND SHE TESTED THIS AT MULTIPLE 2684 01:35:36,840 --> 01:35:38,920 CONCENTRATIONS AND ALSO 2685 01:35:38,920 --> 01:35:45,480 CONFIRMED THIS USING ANOTHER, 2686 01:35:45,480 --> 01:35:49,800 GENTAMICIN, WE GET PROTECTION 2687 01:35:49,800 --> 01:35:52,400 WHICH IS REALLY COOL. 2688 01:35:52,400 --> 01:35:55,040 WE WERE INTERESTED IN THIS FROM 2689 01:35:55,040 --> 01:35:56,760 A THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVE AS 2690 01:35:56,760 --> 01:35:57,000 WELL. 2691 01:35:57,000 --> 01:35:59,480 BECAUSE NOT EVERYONE CAN HAVE A 2692 01:35:59,480 --> 01:36:00,360 MUTATION IN THEIR CALCIUM 2693 01:36:00,360 --> 01:36:04,200 CHANNEL GENES OR WOULD WANT TO, 2694 01:36:04,200 --> 01:36:06,640 LOOKING FOR OTHER WAYS TO REPEAT 2695 01:36:06,640 --> 01:36:12,760 RESULT USING A DIFFERENT METHOD 2696 01:36:12,760 --> 01:36:14,600 ONE APPROACH WAS 2697 01:36:14,600 --> 01:36:16,240 PHARMACOLOGICAL, USING A CALCIUM 2698 01:36:16,240 --> 01:36:18,640 CHANNEL ANTAGONIST TO BLOCK THE 2699 01:36:18,640 --> 01:36:19,600 CALCIUM CHANNEL. 2700 01:36:19,600 --> 01:36:21,800 THE FIRST THING WAS COULD SHE 2701 01:36:21,800 --> 01:36:24,560 SIMPLY APPLY THIS BLOCKER ALONG 2702 01:36:24,560 --> 01:36:25,840 WITH NEOMYCIN TREATMENT JUST 2703 01:36:25,840 --> 01:36:28,400 DURING TREATMENT WINDOW AND ALSO 2704 01:36:28,400 --> 01:36:29,480 GET PROTECTION? 2705 01:36:29,480 --> 01:36:32,240 WHAT SHE FOUND WAS THAT SHE 2706 01:36:32,240 --> 01:36:32,680 COULDN'T. 2707 01:36:32,680 --> 01:36:33,720 WHICH WAS SAD. 2708 01:36:33,720 --> 01:36:39,200 SHE FOUND THAT JUST A VERY SHORT 2709 01:36:39,200 --> 01:36:41,560 ACUTE TREATMENT WAS NOT ABLE TO 2710 01:36:41,560 --> 01:36:42,360 BE PROTECTIVE. 2711 01:36:42,360 --> 01:36:44,480 AND SO SHE IS LIKE, OKAY, SEEMS 2712 01:36:44,480 --> 01:36:45,760 LIKE WE NEED TO BLOCK CHANNELS 2713 01:36:45,760 --> 01:36:48,800 FOR A LITTLE BIT LONGER AND HOW 2714 01:36:48,800 --> 01:36:51,680 LONG DO I NEED TO BLOCK? 2715 01:36:51,680 --> 01:36:55,240 SHE DID VARIOUS DIFFERENT 2716 01:36:55,240 --> 01:36:56,200 DURATIONS OF CALCIUM CHANNEL 2717 01:36:56,200 --> 01:36:58,040 BLOCK BEFORE SHE WASHED OFF THE 2718 01:36:58,040 --> 01:36:58,920 DRUG AND TREATED WITH NEOMYCIN 2719 01:36:58,920 --> 01:37:05,160 TO SEE HOW LONG IT WOULD TAKE. 2720 01:37:05,160 --> 01:37:06,920 THE WINDOW WAS 24 HOURS WITH 2721 01:37:06,920 --> 01:37:08,800 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER WAS 2722 01:37:08,800 --> 01:37:10,880 NEEDED FOR PROTECTION. 2723 01:37:10,880 --> 01:37:13,640 HERE AFTER 24 HOURS OF TREATMENT 2724 01:37:13,640 --> 01:37:15,320 WITH THIS BLOCKER WAS ABLE TO 2725 01:37:15,320 --> 01:37:17,120 RECOVER PROTECTION WITH MUTANTS. 2726 01:37:17,120 --> 01:37:19,560 IT DOES SUGGEST WE NEED A LONGER 2727 01:37:19,560 --> 01:37:20,560 TERM MORE CHRONIC BLOCK OF 2728 01:37:20,560 --> 01:37:23,840 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IN ORDER TO 2729 01:37:23,840 --> 01:37:25,120 GET THIS PROTECTION. 2730 01:37:25,120 --> 01:37:26,160 PERHAPS THIS MAKES SENSE WITH 2731 01:37:26,160 --> 01:37:30,400 THE IDEA OVER TIME IT'S THE 2732 01:37:30,400 --> 01:37:32,680 ENERGY DEMANDS OF ACTIVITY, 2733 01:37:32,680 --> 01:37:37,080 ENERGY DEMANDS FOR SYNAPTIC 2734 01:37:37,080 --> 01:37:38,160 ACTIVITY ACCUMULATE OVER TIME 2735 01:37:38,160 --> 01:37:40,600 WHICH IS IN WE NEED TO BLOCK FOR 2736 01:37:40,600 --> 01:37:41,800 LONGER PERIOD OF TIME. 2737 01:37:41,800 --> 01:37:44,720 IN SUMMARY OF THIS PART, 2738 01:37:44,720 --> 01:37:45,920 THINKING ABOUT COST SYNAPTIC 2739 01:37:45,920 --> 01:37:48,120 ACTIVITY, THE REAL COST LIES ON 2740 01:37:48,120 --> 01:37:50,520 THE STRESS THAT IT PLACES ON 2741 01:37:50,520 --> 01:37:51,040 MITOCHONDRIA. 2742 01:37:51,040 --> 01:37:52,960 SO WHEN WE HAVE SYNAPTIC 2743 01:37:52,960 --> 01:37:54,760 ACTIVITY, WE GET THE ENERGY WE 2744 01:37:54,760 --> 01:37:58,000 NEED BUT WE ALSO GET THESE 2745 01:37:58,000 --> 01:37:58,560 CYTOTOXIC BYPRODUCTS WHICH 2746 01:37:58,560 --> 01:38:01,800 STRESS THE MITOCHONDRIA AND CAN 2747 01:38:01,800 --> 01:38:07,640 LEAVE THEM MORE VULNERABILITY TO 2748 01:38:07,640 --> 01:38:08,240 INSULT, IDENTIFYING SYNAPTIC 2749 01:38:08,240 --> 01:38:12,440 ACTIVITY AS A SOURCE OF HAIR 2750 01:38:12,440 --> 01:38:19,880 CELL STRESS RENDERING SPECIAL TO 2751 01:38:19,880 --> 01:38:22,280 NEOMYCIN OR NOISE OR AGING A 2752 01:38:22,280 --> 01:38:22,760 WELL. 2753 01:38:22,760 --> 01:38:25,800 IN CONCLUSION, THINKING BACK TO 2754 01:38:25,800 --> 01:38:28,520 MY ORIGINAL QUESTION, WHAT HAVE 2755 01:38:28,520 --> 01:38:29,840 WE LEARNED FROM LATERAL LINE 2756 01:38:29,840 --> 01:38:33,000 ABOUT HOW HAIR CELLS FUNCTION IN 2757 01:38:33,000 --> 01:38:34,560 A LIVING SYSTEM? 2758 01:38:34,560 --> 01:38:36,600 WE MADE THE SURPRISING DISCOVERY 2759 01:38:36,600 --> 01:38:38,160 THAT PERHAPS NOT ALL HAIR CELLS 2760 01:38:38,160 --> 01:38:40,440 ARE NEEDED AT THE SAME TIME TO 2761 01:38:40,440 --> 01:38:41,560 TRANSMIT SENSORY INFORMATION. 2762 01:38:41,560 --> 01:38:46,240 AND IN FACT MANY OF THE CELLS 2763 01:38:46,240 --> 01:38:47,760 ARE SYNAPTICALLY SILENCED. 2764 01:38:47,760 --> 01:38:49,280 THIS IS INTERESTING BECAUSE WHEN 2765 01:38:49,280 --> 01:38:50,720 WE EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP 2766 01:38:50,720 --> 01:38:52,720 BETWEEN SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY AND 2767 01:38:52,720 --> 01:38:56,200 MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS WE FOUND 2768 01:38:56,200 --> 01:38:58,600 THAT SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IS A 2769 01:38:58,600 --> 01:38:59,560 MAJOR DRIVER OF MITOCHONDRIAL 2770 01:38:59,560 --> 01:39:01,960 STRESS INDICATING TO US THIS 2771 01:39:01,960 --> 01:39:05,280 MECHANISM OF SYNAPTIC SILENCING 2772 01:39:05,280 --> 01:39:07,240 WE OBSERVED MAY ONLY BE 2773 01:39:07,240 --> 01:39:09,440 IMPORTANT TO HAVE RESEARCH 2774 01:39:09,440 --> 01:39:11,320 POPULATION OF ENERGY BUT ALSO IS 2775 01:39:11,320 --> 01:39:14,240 IMPORTANT TO CONSERVE ENERGY TO 2776 01:39:14,240 --> 01:39:17,080 PREVENT THIS MITOCHONDRIAL 2777 01:39:17,080 --> 01:39:19,920 STRESS AND PROTECT AGAINST 2778 01:39:19,920 --> 01:39:20,320 OTOTOXIC INSULTS. 2779 01:39:20,320 --> 01:39:21,680 AND THINKING ABOUT HOW THIS 2780 01:39:21,680 --> 01:39:23,080 COULD TRANSLATE TO MAMMALIAN 2781 01:39:23,080 --> 01:39:25,320 HEARING AND BALANCE, AS I 2782 01:39:25,320 --> 01:39:26,320 MENTIONED EARLIER, WE DON'T KNOW 2783 01:39:26,320 --> 01:39:28,160 HOW MANY HAIR CELLS ARE REQUIRED 2784 01:39:28,160 --> 01:39:30,600 AT ANY GIVEN TIME TO TRANSMIT 2785 01:39:30,600 --> 01:39:34,280 INFORMATION IN OUR INNER EAR. 2786 01:39:34,280 --> 01:39:35,760 OUR RESULTS SUGGEST PERHAPS 2787 01:39:35,760 --> 01:39:38,000 FEWER HAIR CELLS ARE NEEDED THAN 2788 01:39:38,000 --> 01:39:39,320 WE PREDICT FOR PROPER HEARING 2789 01:39:39,320 --> 01:39:42,800 AND BALANCE, IMPORTANT FROM A 2790 01:39:42,800 --> 01:39:43,440 THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVE, 2791 01:39:43,440 --> 01:39:44,800 ESPECIALLY THOSE AIMED AT 2792 01:39:44,800 --> 01:39:45,680 REGENERATING HAIR CELLS. 2793 01:39:45,680 --> 01:39:47,320 FOR EXAMPLE, PERHAPS WE DON'T 2794 01:39:47,320 --> 01:39:48,520 NEED TO REGENERATE AS MANY HAIR 2795 01:39:48,520 --> 01:39:50,600 CELLS AS WE THINK IN ORDER TO 2796 01:39:50,600 --> 01:39:53,480 RESTORE HEARING LOSS, WHICH IS 2797 01:39:53,480 --> 01:39:55,280 QUITE COOL. 2798 01:39:55,280 --> 01:39:56,200 LASTLY ACKNOWLEDGING THAT 2799 01:39:56,200 --> 01:39:57,640 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY IS A MAJOR 2800 01:39:57,640 --> 01:40:01,760 SOURCE OF HAIR CELL STRESS, IT'S 2801 01:40:01,760 --> 01:40:05,600 IMPORTANT FOR THINKING ABOUT 2802 01:40:05,600 --> 01:40:09,360 OTOPROTECTIVE STRATEGIES AND 2803 01:40:09,360 --> 01:40:10,520 POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC 2804 01:40:10,520 --> 01:40:10,800 DEVELOPMENT. 2805 01:40:10,800 --> 01:40:12,600 LASTLY I WANT TO THANK THE 2806 01:40:12,600 --> 01:40:16,320 MEMBERS OF MY GROUP IN THE 2807 01:40:16,320 --> 01:40:17,640 SECTION ON SENSORY CELL 2808 01:40:17,640 --> 01:40:18,640 DEVELOPMENT DEFINITELY WORKING 2809 01:40:18,640 --> 01:40:21,160 WITH SUCH AN AMAZING GROUP OF 2810 01:40:21,160 --> 01:40:22,120 SCIENTISTS IS MY FAVORITE PART 2811 01:40:22,120 --> 01:40:24,240 OF WORKING AT THE NIH AND DOING 2812 01:40:24,240 --> 01:40:24,640 SCIENCE. 2813 01:40:24,640 --> 01:40:25,560 THANK YOU GUYS. 2814 01:40:25,560 --> 01:40:34,160 IN PARTICULAR I'D LIKE TO THANK 2815 01:40:34,160 --> 01:40:35,480 SUNA, QIUXIANG AND DARIA, THIS 2816 01:40:35,480 --> 01:40:38,320 WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE 2817 01:40:38,320 --> 01:40:39,520 WITHOUT THEIR HARD WORK AND I 2818 01:40:39,520 --> 01:40:41,360 THANK MY SUPPORT FROM THE 2819 01:40:41,360 --> 01:40:42,560 INTRAMURAL PROGRAM AT THE NIDCD 2820 01:40:42,560 --> 01:40:45,760 AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR 2821 01:40:45,760 --> 01:40:46,000 ATTENTION. 2822 01:40:46,000 --> 01:40:47,840 >>THANK YOU, KATIE. 2823 01:40:47,840 --> 01:40:49,920 A BEAUTIFUL TALK. 2824 01:40:49,920 --> 01:40:54,200 ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS OR 2825 01:40:54,200 --> 01:40:54,480 DISCUSSION? 2826 01:40:54,480 --> 01:40:54,640 BEN? 2827 01:40:54,640 --> 01:40:55,640 >>YEAH, I'D LIKE TO THANK YOU 2828 01:40:55,640 --> 01:40:57,800 AGAIN FOR THE TALK. 2829 01:40:57,800 --> 01:41:00,520 IT RAISED A LOT OF GREAT 2830 01:41:00,520 --> 01:41:01,440 INTERESTING QUESTIONS. 2831 01:41:01,440 --> 01:41:03,480 AND I GUESS I WAS A LITTLE 2832 01:41:03,480 --> 01:41:07,960 CONFUSED WHERE YOU THINK THE 2833 01:41:07,960 --> 01:41:08,320 FAILURE OCCURS. 2834 01:41:08,320 --> 01:41:10,400 WHAT I THOUGHT I SAW WAS THAT 2835 01:41:10,400 --> 01:41:13,360 YOU COULD SEE CALCIUM INFLUX AT 2836 01:41:13,360 --> 01:41:16,080 THE ENDS OF THE HAIR CELLS AND 2837 01:41:16,080 --> 01:41:17,160 AT THE PRESYNAPTIC TERMINAL BUT 2838 01:41:17,160 --> 01:41:20,680 THEN YOU SAW THE FAILURES AT THE 2839 01:41:20,680 --> 01:41:21,480 POST-SYNAPTIC SIDE. 2840 01:41:21,480 --> 01:41:25,720 IF THAT'S THE CASE, COULD YOU GO 2841 01:41:25,720 --> 01:41:31,280 LOOK AT -- ASK WHETHER VESICLE 2842 01:41:31,280 --> 01:41:32,600 RELEASE IS HAPPENING, BECAUSE 2843 01:41:32,600 --> 01:41:33,360 THERE'S SOME LITERATURE 2844 01:41:33,360 --> 01:41:37,720 SUGGESTING YOU CAN HAVE FAILURES 2845 01:41:37,720 --> 01:41:40,040 TO PRESERVE VESICLE RECYCLING, 2846 01:41:40,040 --> 01:41:42,320 THAT'S VERY DIFFICULT, MAYBE A 2847 01:41:42,320 --> 01:41:43,880 MECHANISM TO EXPLAIN YOUR 2848 01:41:43,880 --> 01:41:44,560 VULNERABILITY FOR THE 2849 01:41:44,560 --> 01:41:46,600 MITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEM. 2850 01:41:46,600 --> 01:41:47,160 THANK YOU. 2851 01:41:47,160 --> 01:41:48,560 >>YEAH, YOU'RE 100% RIGHT. 2852 01:41:48,560 --> 01:41:50,880 I DIDN'T WANT TO GO INTO IT TOO 2853 01:41:50,880 --> 01:41:51,200 MUCH. 2854 01:41:51,200 --> 01:41:54,920 SO WE HAVE LOOKED IN OUR SYSTEM, 2855 01:41:54,920 --> 01:41:57,160 LOOKED AT VESICLE RELEASE, 2856 01:41:57,160 --> 01:41:59,520 POST-SYNAPTIC CALCIUM AND SEE 2857 01:41:59,520 --> 01:42:01,240 THE SILENCING IS PRESERVED AT 2858 01:42:01,240 --> 01:42:02,440 THOSE LEVELS OF ACTIVITIES AS 2859 01:42:02,440 --> 01:42:02,680 WELL. 2860 01:42:02,680 --> 01:42:04,680 I DIDN'T GO INTO IT IN DETAIL 2861 01:42:04,680 --> 01:42:08,040 BUT WE ACTUALLY DID LOOK AT 2862 01:42:08,040 --> 01:42:10,880 ANOTHER MUTANT, IT ALSO CAUSES 2863 01:42:10,880 --> 01:42:12,400 HEARING LOSS, WHICH SPECIFICALLY 2864 01:42:12,400 --> 01:42:16,480 NOT ONLY AFFECTS THE CALCIUM BUT 2865 01:42:16,480 --> 01:42:17,120 ALSO VESICLE RELEASE. 2866 01:42:17,120 --> 01:42:19,560 AND BASED ON USING THAT MUTANT 2867 01:42:19,560 --> 01:42:20,760 IN COMBINATION WITH THE CALCIUM 2868 01:42:20,760 --> 01:42:23,360 CHANNEL MUTANT WE DO THINK IT'S 2869 01:42:23,360 --> 01:42:26,800 THE VESICLE CYCLE RATHER THAN 2870 01:42:26,800 --> 01:42:29,080 CALCIUM THAT IS CREATING STRONG 2871 01:42:29,080 --> 01:42:31,680 METABOLIC DEMANDS THAT LEAVE 2872 01:42:31,680 --> 01:42:32,600 HAIR CELLS VULNERABLE TO 2873 01:42:32,600 --> 01:42:33,760 INSULTS, AND THIS IS CONSISTENT 2874 01:42:33,760 --> 01:42:35,640 WITH WORK THAT'S BEEN DONE IN 2875 01:42:35,640 --> 01:42:38,360 NEURONS AND THINKING ABOUT 2876 01:42:38,360 --> 01:42:39,160 NEURONAL PATHOLOGY AND 2877 01:42:39,160 --> 01:42:40,120 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS AS 2878 01:42:40,120 --> 01:42:40,320 WELL. 2879 01:42:40,320 --> 01:42:44,200 SO THAT QUESTION IS RIGHT ON. 2880 01:42:44,200 --> 01:42:44,480 THANK YOU. 2881 01:42:44,480 --> 01:42:46,520 >>GREAT. 2882 01:42:46,520 --> 01:42:50,000 RUTH ANN IS NEXT. 2883 01:42:50,000 --> 01:42:51,000 >>HI, KATIE. 2884 01:42:51,000 --> 01:42:54,400 THAT WAS WONDERFUL. 2885 01:42:54,400 --> 01:42:56,920 THANK YOU. 2886 01:42:56,920 --> 01:42:59,000 DO THE EFFERENTS PLAY A ROLE IN 2887 01:42:59,000 --> 01:43:02,760 SILENCING THE CHOSEN ONES, THE 2888 01:43:02,760 --> 01:43:04,040 SILENT FEW, THE SILENT MANY? 2889 01:43:04,040 --> 01:43:14,600 >>THAT WAS ONE OF OUR ORIGINAL 2890 01:43:15,760 --> 01:43:19,640 HYPOTHESES, BUT WE'VE LOOKED 2891 01:43:19,640 --> 01:43:22,560 WITH NEW EFFERENTS, AND REMOVED 2892 01:43:22,560 --> 01:43:24,320 THE WHEN THERE NO BRAIN, THE 2893 01:43:24,320 --> 01:43:27,120 SAME SUBSET OF CELLS RESPOND. 2894 01:43:27,120 --> 01:43:29,480 LED US TO BELIEVE MAYBE IT'S NOT 2895 01:43:29,480 --> 01:43:30,680 INNERVATION OR ANY INFORMATION 2896 01:43:30,680 --> 01:43:34,000 FROM THE BRAIN AFFECTING IT 2897 01:43:34,000 --> 01:43:34,800 WHICH WAS SURPRISING. 2898 01:43:34,800 --> 01:43:36,360 >>SO ONE -- YEAH, OF COURSE YOU 2899 01:43:36,360 --> 01:43:37,440 THOUGHT OF THIS. 2900 01:43:37,440 --> 01:43:39,080 I HOPE EVERYBODY IS GETTING WHAT 2901 01:43:39,080 --> 01:43:40,280 A GREAT MODEL SYSTEM THIS IS 2902 01:43:40,280 --> 01:43:41,720 BECAUSE HAVE YOU MUTANTS FOR 2903 01:43:41,720 --> 01:43:42,160 EVERYTHING. 2904 01:43:42,160 --> 01:43:46,680 OR YOU MAKE THEM FOR EVERYTHING. 2905 01:43:46,680 --> 01:43:47,440 THAT'S WONDERFUL. 2906 01:43:47,440 --> 01:43:52,000 COULD IT HAVE ANYTHING TO DO 2907 01:43:52,000 --> 01:43:54,120 WITH TRANSDUCTION, VARIATION IN 2908 01:43:54,120 --> 01:43:55,600 TRANSDUCTION CHANNELS IN THE 2909 01:43:55,600 --> 01:43:56,520 BUNDLES? 2910 01:43:56,520 --> 01:43:57,120 SOMETHING RELATED TO THAT? 2911 01:43:57,120 --> 01:43:58,160 >>YEAH, YEAH. 2912 01:43:58,160 --> 01:44:00,120 WE KNOW A LOT MORE ABOUT 2913 01:44:00,120 --> 01:44:02,320 TRANSDUCTION THAN WHEN THE STUDY 2914 01:44:02,320 --> 01:44:03,480 CAME OUT. 2915 01:44:03,480 --> 01:44:07,400 WE FOUND IT HOLDS TRUE, IT IS 2916 01:44:07,400 --> 01:44:11,160 TRUE THAT MORE TRANSDUCTION CAN 2917 01:44:11,160 --> 01:44:12,240 LEAD TO LARGER SYNAPTIC 2918 01:44:12,240 --> 01:44:14,440 RESPONSES BUT THERE WASN'T A 2919 01:44:14,440 --> 01:44:15,240 CORRELATION BETWEEN, YOU KNOW, 2920 01:44:15,240 --> 01:44:17,040 THE ONES WITH ACTIVITY AND THE 2921 01:44:17,040 --> 01:44:18,160 ONES WITHOUT SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY 2922 01:44:18,160 --> 01:44:21,680 THAT THEY WOULD NECESSARILY HAVE 2923 01:44:21,680 --> 01:44:22,440 STRONGER MECHANOSENSITIVE 2924 01:44:22,440 --> 01:44:22,680 RESPONSES. 2925 01:44:22,680 --> 01:44:25,720 WE THINK WE MET THE THRESHOLD 2926 01:44:25,720 --> 01:44:28,120 FOR MECHANOSENSATION AND WE 2927 01:44:28,120 --> 01:44:30,760 SHOULD HAVE SEEN SOMETHING. 2928 01:44:30,760 --> 01:44:32,960 >>YEAH, THERE'S MORE BUT I'LL 2929 01:44:32,960 --> 01:44:33,720 CEDE THE FLOOR. 2930 01:44:33,720 --> 01:44:37,280 THANKS VERY MUCH. 2931 01:44:37,280 --> 01:44:38,040 >>NO PROBLEM. 2932 01:44:38,040 --> 01:44:38,400 >>ANDY? 2933 01:44:38,400 --> 01:44:39,200 >>SURE. 2934 01:44:39,200 --> 01:44:40,800 THANKS, DEB. 2935 01:44:40,800 --> 01:44:41,960 THANK YOU, KATIE. 2936 01:44:41,960 --> 01:44:42,880 THAT WAS LOVELY. 2937 01:44:42,880 --> 01:44:45,520 I DO HAVE A QUESTION COMING UP. 2938 01:44:45,520 --> 01:44:48,040 I JUST WANTED TO ECHO RUTH ANN'S 2939 01:44:48,040 --> 01:44:49,800 POINT FOR THE BENEFIT OF OTHER 2940 01:44:49,800 --> 01:44:51,000 MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL THAT 2941 01:44:51,000 --> 01:44:53,400 PRETTY MUCH NONE OF THIS WORK 2942 01:44:53,400 --> 01:44:56,120 COULD HAVE BEEN DONE IN 2943 01:44:56,120 --> 01:44:57,520 MAMMALIAN SPECIES. 2944 01:44:57,520 --> 01:44:59,960 AND I THINK IT REALLY UNDERLIES 2945 01:44:59,960 --> 01:45:02,560 THE IMPORTANCE AS WE WERE 2946 01:45:02,560 --> 01:45:05,320 DISCUSSING YESTERDAY OF, YOU 2947 01:45:05,320 --> 01:45:05,960 KNOW, OTHER MODEL SYSTEM TO 2948 01:45:05,960 --> 01:45:07,160 UNDERSTAND SOME OF THESE 2949 01:45:07,160 --> 01:45:07,440 PROBLEMS. 2950 01:45:07,440 --> 01:45:09,680 THE OTHER THING I WANTED TO TO 2951 01:45:09,680 --> 01:45:11,240 SAY FOLLOWING WHAT WE HEARD 2952 01:45:11,240 --> 01:45:13,320 EARLIER THIS MORNING IS THAT 2953 01:45:13,320 --> 01:45:17,200 FISH ARE COMPARATIVELY CHEAPER 2954 01:45:17,200 --> 01:45:18,160 TO USE IN UNIVERSITIES. 2955 01:45:18,160 --> 01:45:20,440 SO AS A TOOL TO GET THIS KIND OF 2956 01:45:20,440 --> 01:45:23,840 RESEARCH INTO PLACES THAT MAY 2957 01:45:23,840 --> 01:45:24,600 NOT BE RESEARCH INTENSIVE, THEY 2958 01:45:24,600 --> 01:45:28,720 ARE A REALLY GOOD SYSTEM. 2959 01:45:28,720 --> 01:45:30,360 I HAVE COLLEAGUES IN UNDERGRAD 2960 01:45:30,360 --> 01:45:33,520 INSTITUTIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY 2961 01:45:33,520 --> 01:45:35,200 USING ZEBRAFISH TO, YOU KNOW, 2962 01:45:35,200 --> 01:45:38,560 DEMONSTRATE TO STUDENTS POWER OF 2963 01:45:38,560 --> 01:45:43,320 GENETICS IN ALL KINDS OF 2964 01:45:43,320 --> 01:45:44,800 EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS, NOT JUST 2965 01:45:44,800 --> 01:45:45,400 THIS. 2966 01:45:45,400 --> 01:45:48,320 THERE IS A QUESTION COMING. 2967 01:45:48,320 --> 01:45:52,480 I WAS STRUCK BY HOW QUICKLY YOU 2968 01:45:52,480 --> 01:45:53,360 CAN UNSILENCE THE SILENT HAIR 2969 01:45:53,360 --> 01:45:56,640 CELLS AND I KNOW YOU DIDN'T TALK 2970 01:45:56,640 --> 01:45:57,640 ABOUT THE MECHANISM TODAY. 2971 01:45:57,640 --> 01:46:00,680 I ABOUT WANT TO ASK YOU IF YOU 2972 01:46:00,680 --> 01:46:03,960 HAD ANY CLUES AS TO HOW THAT 2973 01:46:03,960 --> 01:46:06,120 HAPPENS, NOT ONLY SO QUICKLY BUT 2974 01:46:06,120 --> 01:46:07,440 ALSO APPARENTLY SO PERFECTLY, 2975 01:46:07,440 --> 01:46:10,880 LIKE THEY GO FROM SILENT TO ON 2976 01:46:10,880 --> 01:46:11,320 VERY QUICKLY. 2977 01:46:11,320 --> 01:46:12,040 >>VERY QUICKLY. 2978 01:46:12,040 --> 01:46:13,560 YEAH, WE HAVE NO IDEA. 2979 01:46:13,560 --> 01:46:15,760 LIKE RUTH ANN SAID WE'RE ALWAYS 2980 01:46:15,760 --> 01:46:17,320 LOOKING FOR THINGS THAT CAN -- 2981 01:46:17,320 --> 01:46:20,400 WE THINK IT'S SOMETHING THAT CAN 2982 01:46:20,400 --> 01:46:21,880 SENSE AND ALL THE HAIR CELLS AT 2983 01:46:21,880 --> 01:46:26,320 ONCE, YOU KNOW. 2984 01:46:26,320 --> 01:46:28,400 IF IT ISN'T EFFERENTS, 2985 01:46:28,400 --> 01:46:32,520 HYPOTHESIS IS SURROUNDING GLIA 2986 01:46:32,520 --> 01:46:33,760 FORM THIS INTERCONNECTED NETWORK 2987 01:46:33,760 --> 01:46:36,040 THAT SURROUNDS HAIR CELLS AND WE 2988 01:46:36,040 --> 01:46:37,480 DID HAVE EVIDENCE WHEN WE DAMAGE 2989 01:46:37,480 --> 01:46:40,200 HAIR CELLS WE GET A REALLY LARGE 2990 01:46:40,200 --> 01:46:41,720 DAMAGE RESPONSE IN THOSE 2991 01:46:41,720 --> 01:46:43,120 SURROUNDING SUPPORTING CELLS AND 2992 01:46:43,120 --> 01:46:44,760 WE THINK THAT'S PROBABLY GOING 2993 01:46:44,760 --> 01:46:49,400 TO BE WHAT'S HAPPENING BUT 2994 01:46:49,400 --> 01:46:50,480 MECHANISTICALLY HOW IT 2995 01:46:50,480 --> 01:46:52,560 UNSILENCES WE DON'T KNOW YET. 2996 01:46:52,560 --> 01:46:54,320 >>LISA IN THE INTRAMURAL 2997 01:46:54,320 --> 01:46:55,760 PROGRAM HAS BEEN LOOKING AT 2998 01:46:55,760 --> 01:46:57,280 PARTICLES THAT ARE RELEASED FROM 2999 01:46:57,280 --> 01:47:01,760 SUPPORTING CELLS THAT MAY BE 3000 01:47:01,760 --> 01:47:02,120 PROTECTIVE. 3001 01:47:02,120 --> 01:47:03,240 HAVE YOU WALKED DOWN THE 3002 01:47:03,240 --> 01:47:05,200 CORRIDOR AND CHATTED WITH HER 3003 01:47:05,200 --> 01:47:05,480 ABOUT THIS? 3004 01:47:05,480 --> 01:47:06,680 >>NO, ACTUALLY I HAVEN'T. 3005 01:47:06,680 --> 01:47:08,800 THAT'S A REALLY GOOD IDEA. 3006 01:47:08,800 --> 01:47:11,760 THEY COULD BE RELEASING 3007 01:47:11,760 --> 01:47:13,720 SOMETHING IN THESE VESICLES, 3008 01:47:13,720 --> 01:47:14,400 YEAH. 3009 01:47:14,400 --> 01:47:17,120 I DON'T EVEN HAVE TO WALK VERY 3010 01:47:17,120 --> 01:47:18,760 FAR, LIKE FIVE FEET. 3011 01:47:18,760 --> 01:47:21,200 I SHOULD DEFINITELY DO THAT, A 3012 01:47:21,200 --> 01:47:24,120 GREAT IDEA. 3013 01:47:24,120 --> 01:47:25,840 >>WELL, THANK YOU. 3014 01:47:25,840 --> 01:47:26,320 >>NARUPA? 3015 01:47:26,320 --> 01:47:27,200 >>THANK YOU. 3016 01:47:27,200 --> 01:47:28,000 LOVELY TALK. 3017 01:47:28,000 --> 01:47:30,240 BEAUTIFUL IMAGES. 3018 01:47:30,240 --> 01:47:32,120 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 3019 01:47:32,120 --> 01:47:37,680 SO I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT 3020 01:47:37,680 --> 01:47:41,520 WHETHER THE NEWLY UNSILENCED OR 3021 01:47:41,520 --> 01:47:44,280 PERHAPS UNSILENCED AND MATURED 3022 01:47:44,280 --> 01:47:49,200 HAIR CELLS SORT OF BROADEN THEIR 3023 01:47:49,200 --> 01:47:51,600 SENSORY PROFILE, IF YOU WILL. 3024 01:47:51,600 --> 01:47:57,960 SO, ARE THEY ABLE TO SORT OF 3025 01:47:57,960 --> 01:48:02,760 DETECT AND SIGNAL MANY DIFFERENT 3026 01:48:02,760 --> 01:48:03,200 FEATURES? 3027 01:48:03,200 --> 01:48:04,240 SO DIRECTIONALITY, TURBULENCE, 3028 01:48:04,240 --> 01:48:06,600 STRENGTH OF CURRENT, ALL OF 3029 01:48:06,600 --> 01:48:08,120 THOSE SORTS OF THINGS, WHICH I'M 3030 01:48:08,120 --> 01:48:10,840 NOT SURE EXACTLY HOW THE LATERAL 3031 01:48:10,840 --> 01:48:12,000 LINE HAIR CELLS ACTUALLY ENCODE 3032 01:48:12,000 --> 01:48:13,720 ANY OF THAT BUT THAT'S A 3033 01:48:13,720 --> 01:48:16,480 DIFFERENT STORY. 3034 01:48:16,480 --> 01:48:18,120 AND BUT I'M WONDERING IF AS ANDY 3035 01:48:18,120 --> 01:48:20,600 WAS SAYING, YOU KNOW, THERE'S A 3036 01:48:20,600 --> 01:48:23,400 SORT OF INSTANTANEOUS SWITCH ON. 3037 01:48:23,400 --> 01:48:27,160 IS IT INSTANTANEOUS ACROSS THE 3038 01:48:27,160 --> 01:48:28,360 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES, SENSORY 3039 01:48:28,360 --> 01:48:29,800 SORT OF CHARACTERISTICS? 3040 01:48:29,800 --> 01:48:32,440 OR IS THERE SORT OF SOME 3041 01:48:32,440 --> 01:48:34,280 LEARNING PERHAPS IN THERE? 3042 01:48:34,280 --> 01:48:36,040 >>YEAH, I MEAN, WE ARE LIMITED 3043 01:48:36,040 --> 01:48:37,880 IN HOW WE CAN STIMULATE WITH A 3044 01:48:37,880 --> 01:48:38,040 JET. 3045 01:48:38,040 --> 01:48:41,200 YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN? 3046 01:48:41,200 --> 01:48:44,360 SO WE CAN DO STEPS AND RAMPS AND 3047 01:48:44,360 --> 01:48:47,080 DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES WHICH 3048 01:48:47,080 --> 01:48:48,480 WE'VE DONE. 3049 01:48:48,480 --> 01:48:51,560 OF VARIOUS INTENSITIES AND 3050 01:48:51,560 --> 01:48:51,840 DURATIONS. 3051 01:48:51,840 --> 01:48:53,760 AND, YEAH, I MEAN WHEN WE LOOK 3052 01:48:53,760 --> 01:48:55,200 AT THE ACTIVITY IT'S KIND OF 3053 01:48:55,200 --> 01:48:55,640 EXTRAORDINARY. 3054 01:48:55,640 --> 01:48:57,600 IF WE LOOK AT ONE SENSORY 3055 01:48:57,600 --> 01:48:59,640 EPITHELIUM WE'VE GIVEN A BATTERY 3056 01:48:59,640 --> 01:49:01,400 OF 12 STIMULI, THAT EVERYTHING 3057 01:49:01,400 --> 01:49:03,520 WE CAN CREATE ACTUALLY. 3058 01:49:03,520 --> 01:49:05,680 IT'S ALWAYS THE SAME CELLS. 3059 01:49:05,680 --> 01:49:06,560 UNLESS WE'RE LOOKING AT 3060 01:49:06,560 --> 01:49:07,880 DIRECTIONALITY BECAUSE THERE ARE 3061 01:49:07,880 --> 01:49:09,520 TWO POPULATIONS THAT RESPOND TO 3062 01:49:09,520 --> 01:49:10,400 DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS IN OUR 3063 01:49:10,400 --> 01:49:15,080 SYSTEM WHICH WE DO CAPTURE. 3064 01:49:15,080 --> 01:49:17,280 EVEN THOSE UNSILENCED CELLS SEEM 3065 01:49:17,280 --> 01:49:18,720 TO BE BEHAVING LIKE THEY WERE 3066 01:49:18,720 --> 01:49:20,800 ALWAYS THERE AS SIMILAR AS THE 3067 01:49:20,800 --> 01:49:26,360 OTHER CELLS ARE BEHAVING. 3068 01:49:26,360 --> 01:49:28,440 YEAH, IT'S EXTRAORDINARY. 3069 01:49:28,440 --> 01:49:30,760 >>THANK YOU. 3070 01:49:30,760 --> 01:49:32,560 >>THANK YOU. 3071 01:49:32,560 --> 01:49:33,680 >>AND MEG? 3072 01:49:33,680 --> 01:49:36,000 WELL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3073 01:49:36,000 --> 01:49:38,080 FIRST OF ALL, REALLY, REALLY 3074 01:49:38,080 --> 01:49:39,600 INTERESTING TALK. 3075 01:49:39,600 --> 01:49:41,240 I WAS FASCINATED NOT ONLY BY THE 3076 01:49:41,240 --> 01:49:42,880 WORK THAT YOU'RE DOING BUT ALSO 3077 01:49:42,880 --> 01:49:44,320 THE FOCUS ON MITOCHONDRIAL 3078 01:49:44,320 --> 01:49:46,440 STRESS, ESPECIALLY COMING FROM 3079 01:49:46,440 --> 01:49:48,200 AN AGING PERSPECTIVE AND STRESS 3080 01:49:48,200 --> 01:49:49,800 MODELS OF AGING. 3081 01:49:49,800 --> 01:49:52,000 THE QUESTION I HAD, MAYBE THIS 3082 01:49:52,000 --> 01:49:54,200 IS NAIVE OR I MISSED, THERE ARE 3083 01:49:54,200 --> 01:49:57,360 OUTER AND INNER HAIR CELLS, WERE 3084 01:49:57,360 --> 01:50:01,520 YOU LOOKING SPECIFICALLY AT THE 3085 01:50:01,520 --> 01:50:04,720 LINK BETWEEN OUTER HER CELLS 3086 01:50:04,720 --> 01:50:08,560 STIMULATING INNER OR HOW ARE YOU 3087 01:50:08,560 --> 01:50:10,720 LOOKING AT THAT CONNECTIVITY, IF 3088 01:50:10,720 --> 01:50:13,240 YOU WILL, AND ALSO IN TERMS OF 3089 01:50:13,240 --> 01:50:15,080 THE ISSUE OF YOUR MEDICATION IS 3090 01:50:15,080 --> 01:50:16,400 REALLY INTERESTING, SINCE SO 3091 01:50:16,400 --> 01:50:19,040 MANY INDIVIDUALS ARE ON CALCIUM 3092 01:50:19,040 --> 01:50:21,040 CHANNEL BLOCKERS AND OTHER 3093 01:50:21,040 --> 01:50:23,000 THINGS LONG TERM. 3094 01:50:23,000 --> 01:50:24,960 ANY COMMENTS ON ISSUES OF THE 3095 01:50:24,960 --> 01:50:26,600 DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN OUTER 3096 01:50:26,600 --> 01:50:27,560 AND INNER HAIR CELLS? 3097 01:50:27,560 --> 01:50:29,240 >>YOU MEAN WITHIN THE MAMMALIAN 3098 01:50:29,240 --> 01:50:30,640 SYSTEM AND LIKE HOW -- 3099 01:50:30,640 --> 01:50:34,120 >>YEAH, JUST IN TERMS OF HOW 3100 01:50:34,120 --> 01:50:36,520 THIS FITS IN TERMS OF THE SILENT 3101 01:50:36,520 --> 01:50:39,160 CELLS AND ALSO MAYBE THAT'S THE 3102 01:50:39,160 --> 01:50:40,360 WAY THINGS MIGHT INFLUENCE 3103 01:50:40,360 --> 01:50:43,000 HEARING LOSS IN THE SENSE OF ARE 3104 01:50:43,000 --> 01:50:44,360 PEOPLE LOSING THE WRONG CELLS 3105 01:50:44,360 --> 01:50:47,960 THAT HAVE MORE HEARING LOSS THAN 3106 01:50:47,960 --> 01:50:51,120 THOSE WHOSE ONES AREN'T AS 3107 01:50:51,120 --> 01:50:53,880 DAMAGED OR DON'T HAVE INFLUENCE 3108 01:50:53,880 --> 01:50:54,480 LONG THINK. 3109 01:50:54,480 --> 01:50:57,800 >>OUTER HAIR CELLS ARE AFFECTED 3110 01:50:57,800 --> 01:51:00,120 WITH STRESS WITHOUT A TON OF 3111 01:51:00,120 --> 01:51:00,640 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY. 3112 01:51:00,640 --> 01:51:02,360 I DON'T KNOW FIT TRANSLATES TO 3113 01:51:02,360 --> 01:51:05,240 THAT BUT MAYBE MORE PERHAPS TO 3114 01:51:05,240 --> 01:51:06,880 VESTIBULAR OR INNER HAIR CELLS 3115 01:51:06,880 --> 01:51:09,280 WITH TONS OF SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY, 3116 01:51:09,280 --> 01:51:10,920 AND OUR SYSTEM WE DON'T REALLY 3117 01:51:10,920 --> 01:51:12,000 UNFORTUNATELY HAVE THE BEST 3118 01:51:12,000 --> 01:51:14,200 EQUIVALENT FOR INNER AND OUTER 3119 01:51:14,200 --> 01:51:16,280 HAIR CELLS. 3120 01:51:16,280 --> 01:51:17,720 THERE'S NO AMPLIFICATION THAT WE 3121 01:51:17,720 --> 01:51:20,680 KNOW OF YET WITHIN OUR SYSTEM. 3122 01:51:20,680 --> 01:51:22,320 BUT, YEAH, IT WOULD BE REALLY 3123 01:51:22,320 --> 01:51:24,000 INTERESTING TO SEE, WE MIGHT 3124 01:51:24,000 --> 01:51:26,720 NEED A COUPLE DIFFERENT WAYS TO 3125 01:51:26,720 --> 01:51:28,680 PROTECT DIFFERENT HAIR CELLS, 3126 01:51:28,680 --> 01:51:30,320 WHETHER WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 3127 01:51:30,320 --> 01:51:32,200 ELECTROMOTILITY BEING A MAJOR 3128 01:51:32,200 --> 01:51:34,160 CONTRIBUTOR TO ENERGY VERSUS 3129 01:51:34,160 --> 01:51:35,040 SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY LIKE INNER 3130 01:51:35,040 --> 01:51:35,680 HAIR CELLS. 3131 01:51:35,680 --> 01:51:39,040 YEAH, THAT'S A REALLY, REALLY 3132 01:51:39,040 --> 01:51:39,320 GOOD POINT. 3133 01:51:39,320 --> 01:51:39,680 >>THANK YOU. 3134 01:51:39,680 --> 01:51:42,320 >>ALL RIGHT. 3135 01:51:42,320 --> 01:51:43,400 WELL, THANK YOU. 3136 01:51:43,400 --> 01:51:45,080 KATIE, THANK YOU AGAIN FOR A 3137 01:51:45,080 --> 01:51:46,920 BEAUTIFUL PRESENTATION AND THANK 3138 01:51:46,920 --> 01:51:49,200 ALL OF YOU FOR YOUR QUESTIONS. 3139 01:51:49,200 --> 01:51:52,800 SO THIS BRINGS US TO THE END OF 3140 01:51:52,800 --> 01:51:53,680 OUR OPEN SESSION OF COUNCIL. 3141 01:51:53,680 --> 01:51:56,760 THANK YOU TO ALL THE COUNCIL 3142 01:51:56,760 --> 01:51:57,600 MEMBERS. 3143 01:51:57,600 --> 01:51:59,600 WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR ADVICE 3144 01:51:59,600 --> 01:52:01,240 AND HAVE REALLY ENJOYED 3145 01:52:01,240 --> 01:52:02,120 INTERACTING WITH YOU. 3146 01:52:02,120 --> 01:52:03,320 IF THERE ARE TOPICS THAT YOU 3147 01:52:03,320 --> 01:52:07,280 WOULD LIKE TO HEAR MORE ABOUT IN 3148 01:52:07,280 --> 01:52:09,040 UPCOMING MEETINGS, PLEASE LET US 3149 01:52:09,040 --> 01:52:09,360 KNOW. 3150 01:52:09,360 --> 01:52:11,320 WE'RE ALWAYS VERY INTERESTED IN 3151 01:52:11,320 --> 01:52:12,120 HAVING YOUR SUGGESTIONS ABOUT 3152 01:52:12,120 --> 01:52:14,160 THINGS THAT ARE OF INTEREST TO 3153 01:52:14,160 --> 01:52:16,040 YOU TO HEAR MORE ABOUT. 3154 01:52:16,040 --> 01:52:18,320 SO, HAVE A GOOD REST OF YOUR 3155 01:52:18,320 --> 01:52:18,480 DAY. 3156 01:52:18,480 --> 01:52:19,400 A GREAT WEEKEND. 3157 01:52:19,400 --> 01:52:22,800 AND WE'LL LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING 3158 01:52:22,800 --> 01:52:25,440 EVERYONE IN PERSON IN MAY. 3159 01:52:25,440 --> 01:52:26,600 SO TAKE CARE. 3160 01:52:26,600 --> 00:00:00,000 BYE-BYE.