1 00:00:06,014 --> 00:00:07,783 >> GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 2 00:00:07,783 --> 00:00:09,618 I'M NORA VOLKOW, DIRECTOR OF 3 00:00:09,618 --> 00:00:11,320 NIDA, AND IT'S A PLEASURE TO 4 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:14,223 WELCOME YOU ALL TO THE 150th 5 00:00:14,223 --> 00:00:15,824 MEETING OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY 6 00:00:15,824 --> 00:00:17,259 COUNCIL ON DRUG ABUSE. 7 00:00:17,259 --> 00:00:19,828 THIS IS AN IMPORTANT MEETING FOR 8 00:00:19,828 --> 00:00:22,564 US, 150 OF THEM, AND BEFORE WE 9 00:00:22,564 --> 00:00:24,199 GO INTO THE PROCEEDINGS, I HAVE 10 00:00:24,199 --> 00:00:26,802 TO LET YOU KNOW THAT THE 11 00:00:26,802 --> 00:00:28,937 GOVERNMENT, IN THE FUNCTION OF 12 00:00:28,937 --> 00:00:30,706 THE FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEES 13 00:00:30,706 --> 00:00:32,107 ACT REQUIRE THAT AS MANY 14 00:00:32,107 --> 00:00:33,175 ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGS AS 15 00:00:33,175 --> 00:00:36,612 POSSIBLE BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. 16 00:00:36,612 --> 00:00:38,113 THIS INCLUDES MEETINGS OF THE 17 00:00:38,113 --> 00:00:40,482 NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON 18 00:00:40,482 --> 00:00:40,983 DRUG ABUSE. 19 00:00:40,983 --> 00:00:44,653 TODAY'S MEETING IS OPEN TO THE 20 00:00:44,653 --> 00:00:46,855 PUBLIC AND IT IS BEING VIDEOCAST 21 00:00:46,855 --> 00:00:48,524 AND RECORDED. 22 00:00:48,524 --> 00:00:49,725 MINUTES OF THE MEETING WILL BE 23 00:00:49,725 --> 00:00:52,194 AVAILABLE ON THE NIDA HOME PAGE. 24 00:00:52,194 --> 00:00:53,328 RECORDINGS OF THE OPEN COUNCIL 25 00:00:53,328 --> 00:00:57,165 MEETING ARE POSTED ON THE NIH 26 00:00:57,165 --> 00:00:57,733 VIDEOCAST SITE. 27 00:00:57,733 --> 00:00:59,801 NOW I'M GOING TO PASS IT TO 28 00:00:59,801 --> 00:01:00,903 SUSAN SO SHE CAN GUIDE US 29 00:01:00,903 --> 00:01:02,871 THROUGH THE PROCEDURES. 30 00:01:02,871 --> 00:01:05,541 >> OKAY, THANK YOU. 31 00:01:05,541 --> 00:01:07,976 WELCOME, EVERYBODY. 32 00:01:07,976 --> 00:01:10,746 I NEED TO GET THE VOTES ON THE 33 00:01:10,746 --> 00:01:12,681 COUNCIL MEMBERS ON TWO DIFFERENT 34 00:01:12,681 --> 00:01:13,115 AREAS. 35 00:01:13,115 --> 00:01:15,284 ONE IS OUR OPERATING PROCEDURES, 36 00:01:15,284 --> 00:01:17,986 SO WE'VE UPDATED OUR OPERATING 37 00:01:17,986 --> 00:01:18,887 PROCEDURES IN THE ELECTRONIC 38 00:01:18,887 --> 00:01:19,621 COUNCIL BOOK. 39 00:01:19,621 --> 00:01:21,657 THE ONLY CHANGE THAT WE HAVE 40 00:01:21,657 --> 00:01:24,626 MADE IS THAT WE HAVE DELETED THE 41 00:01:24,626 --> 00:01:25,694 LANGUAGE RELATED TO DIVERSITY 42 00:01:25,694 --> 00:01:26,962 SUPPLEMENTS, SINCE NIH IS NO 43 00:01:26,962 --> 00:01:30,265 LONGER SUPPORTING THIS FUNDING 44 00:01:30,265 --> 00:01:30,599 OPPORTUNITY. 45 00:01:30,599 --> 00:01:31,833 ACTUALLY, I THINK I DON'T NEED A 46 00:01:31,833 --> 00:01:32,935 VOTE ON THAT. 47 00:01:32,935 --> 00:01:35,971 I JUST NEED TO ASK IF THERE'S 48 00:01:35,971 --> 00:01:38,874 ANY FEEDBACK ON THE OPERATING 49 00:01:38,874 --> 00:01:44,746 CHANGE. 50 00:01:44,746 --> 00:01:47,316 OKAY, THE SECOND THING I DO NEED 51 00:01:47,316 --> 00:01:49,351 A VOTE ON, AND YOU ACTUALLY 52 00:01:49,351 --> 00:01:50,786 ALREADY VOTED ON IT. 53 00:01:50,786 --> 00:01:57,526 IT'S THE TRIENNIEL REPORT ON 54 00:01:57,526 --> 00:01:57,793 INCLUSION. 55 00:01:57,793 --> 00:01:59,761 WE SENT THIS TO YOU 56 00:01:59,761 --> 00:02:00,662 ELECTRONICALLY, BUT IT IS 57 00:02:00,662 --> 00:02:02,264 SUPPOSED TO BE PRESENTED IN A 58 00:02:02,264 --> 00:02:03,332 PUBLIC FORUM, SO WE ARE 59 00:02:03,332 --> 00:02:05,233 PRESENTING IT HERE AS WELL. 60 00:02:05,233 --> 00:02:06,768 SO YOU HAVE ALREADY APPROVED IT, 61 00:02:06,768 --> 00:02:08,136 BUT IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS 62 00:02:08,136 --> 00:02:09,304 THAT YOU HAVE, WE'D BE HAPPY TO 63 00:02:09,304 --> 00:02:11,173 ANSWER THEM, AND IF NOT, I'LL 64 00:02:11,173 --> 00:02:12,908 CALL FOR ANOTHER VOTE. 65 00:02:12,908 --> 00:02:20,616 ANY QUESTIONS? 66 00:02:20,616 --> 00:02:24,252 OKAY, CAN I HAVE A VOTE TO 67 00:02:24,252 --> 00:02:30,192 APPROVE THE TRIENNIEL REPORT. 68 00:02:30,192 --> 00:02:30,525 SECOND? 69 00:02:30,525 --> 00:02:33,228 ALL IN FAVOR? 70 00:02:33,228 --> 00:02:34,529 OKAY, THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH. 71 00:02:34,529 --> 00:02:35,797 AND WE CAN MOVE ON. 72 00:02:35,797 --> 00:02:38,000 NORA, YOU WANT TO ANNOUNCE THE 73 00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:39,001 NEXT COUNCIL DATE? 74 00:02:39,001 --> 00:02:41,470 >> YES, I'LL BE DELIGHTED TO 75 00:02:41,470 --> 00:02:43,372 ANNOUNCE OUR NEXT COUNCIL DATES. 76 00:02:43,372 --> 00:02:45,040 IT'S GOING TO BE SEPTEMBER 9th, 77 00:02:45,040 --> 00:02:45,474 2025. 78 00:02:45,474 --> 00:02:47,009 THAT'S THE LAST ONE OF THIS 79 00:02:47,009 --> 00:02:49,478 YEAR, AND THEN FOR NEXT YEAR, 80 00:02:49,478 --> 00:02:50,912 IT'S GOING TO BE FEBRUARY 3rd, 81 00:02:50,912 --> 00:02:55,951 ON MAY 5th AND 6th FOR THE 2026 82 00:02:55,951 --> 00:02:56,284 MEETING. 83 00:02:56,284 --> 00:02:58,720 SO PUT IT IN YOUR NOTES SO YOU 84 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:01,189 CAN -- HOPEFULLY WE CAN MAKE 85 00:03:01,189 --> 00:03:03,392 SOME OF THESE IN-PERSON AND WE 86 00:03:03,392 --> 00:03:04,326 WILL LET YOU KNOW. 87 00:03:04,326 --> 00:03:07,796 AND AT THIS POINT, THOUGH, I 88 00:03:07,796 --> 00:03:12,034 WANT TO SHIFT TO THE RETIRING 89 00:03:12,034 --> 00:03:13,568 COUNCIL MEMBERS. 90 00:03:13,568 --> 00:03:15,370 THIS IS A TIME WHEN I -- I AM 91 00:03:15,370 --> 00:03:17,272 VERY, VERY GRATEFUL, BUT I'M 92 00:03:17,272 --> 00:03:19,341 ALSO SORRY TO SEE A TERRIFIC 93 00:03:19,341 --> 00:03:22,511 GROUP OF COUNCIL MEMBERS WHOSE 94 00:03:22,511 --> 00:03:23,945 INVOLVEMENT REALLY HAS HELPED US 95 00:03:23,945 --> 00:03:27,783 WHAT WE DO IN SCIENCE. 96 00:03:27,783 --> 00:03:29,051 AND THESE WILL BE THEIR LAST 97 00:03:29,051 --> 00:03:31,620 PUBLIC MEETING. 98 00:03:31,620 --> 00:03:34,856 AND THIS INCLUDES DR. CHARLES 99 00:03:34,856 --> 00:03:36,725 CHAVKIN AND DR. CHAVKIN JOINED 100 00:03:36,725 --> 00:03:39,161 OUR COUNCIL IN JANUARY 2022, AND 101 00:03:39,161 --> 00:03:41,096 HE'S A PROFESSOR OF UNIVERSITY 102 00:03:41,096 --> 00:03:42,864 OF WASHINGTON. 103 00:03:42,864 --> 00:03:45,667 THE OTHER ONE IS DR. AMIT ETKIN, 104 00:03:45,667 --> 00:03:48,637 WHO IS NOT HERE TODAY. 105 00:03:48,637 --> 00:03:51,006 HE JOINED THE COUNCIL THE SAME 106 00:03:51,006 --> 00:03:54,576 2022 IN MAY, AND HE'S THE CEO OF 107 00:03:54,576 --> 00:03:57,546 ALTO NEUROSCIENCE. 108 00:03:57,546 --> 00:04:00,382 AND FINALLY, DR. MELANIE OTT, 109 00:04:00,382 --> 00:04:02,617 WHO JOINED IN JANUARY 2023. 110 00:04:02,617 --> 00:04:05,287 SHE IS ON PROFESSOR AT THE 111 00:04:05,287 --> 00:04:06,955 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN 112 00:04:06,955 --> 00:04:09,124 FRANCISCO, AND THE DIRECTOR OF 113 00:04:09,124 --> 00:04:11,359 THE GLADSTONE INSTITUTE OF 114 00:04:11,359 --> 00:04:11,626 VIROLOGY. 115 00:04:11,626 --> 00:04:14,730 AND SO I DO, AGAIN, WANT TO 116 00:04:14,730 --> 00:04:18,934 THANK THE THREE OF YOU FOR YOUR 117 00:04:18,934 --> 00:04:20,902 GENEROSITY IN HELPING US 118 00:04:20,902 --> 00:04:22,571 NAVIGATE ALL OF THE REVIEWS THAT 119 00:04:22,571 --> 00:04:26,808 WE DO AND GIVING US YOUR HONEST 120 00:04:26,808 --> 00:04:27,075 OPINIONS. 121 00:04:27,075 --> 00:04:29,911 AND I DO WANT TO ALERT YOU THAT 122 00:04:29,911 --> 00:04:31,646 WE WILL BE PLANNING ON REACHING 123 00:04:31,646 --> 00:04:33,448 OUT TO YOU IN OTHER ACTIVITIES, 124 00:04:33,448 --> 00:04:35,350 SO EVEN THOUGH THAT WE'RE 125 00:04:35,350 --> 00:04:37,986 LETTING YOU GO SO, SO EASILY, 126 00:04:37,986 --> 00:04:39,321 THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOUR 127 00:04:39,321 --> 00:04:41,923 INPUT IS SO VERY VALUABLE. 128 00:04:41,923 --> 00:04:43,125 AND SO THANKS AGAIN. 129 00:04:43,125 --> 00:04:47,362 AND I THINK THAT AT THIS POINT, 130 00:04:47,362 --> 00:04:50,932 WE'RE GOING TO BE GOING INTO A 131 00:04:50,932 --> 00:04:54,536 UNIQUE SUBJECT IN OUR AGENDA 132 00:04:54,536 --> 00:04:56,238 THAT WE USE RARELY IN COUNCIL, 133 00:04:56,238 --> 00:05:01,710 BUT WE USE IT WHEN WE HAVE A 134 00:05:01,710 --> 00:05:05,347 VERY IMPORTANT RECOGNITION FOR 135 00:05:05,347 --> 00:05:07,749 AN INVESTIGATOR WHO HAS HELPED 136 00:05:07,749 --> 00:05:09,050 ACTUALLY CHANGE THE FIELD OF 137 00:05:09,050 --> 00:05:11,953 SUBSTANCE USE, AND TODAY, WE ARE 138 00:05:11,953 --> 00:05:14,156 TAKING THE OPPORTUNITY TO, 139 00:05:14,156 --> 00:05:16,892 AGAIN, THANK ONE OF THE MOST 140 00:05:16,892 --> 00:05:19,928 PROMINENT RESEARCHERS IN 141 00:05:19,928 --> 00:05:22,998 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, A KEY 142 00:05:22,998 --> 00:05:23,398 INVESTIGATOR -- 143 00:05:23,398 --> 00:05:25,667 >> I'M REALLY SORRY TO INTERRUPT 144 00:05:25,667 --> 00:05:26,568 YOU. 145 00:05:26,568 --> 00:05:28,870 WE'RE A LITTLE BIT AHEAD OF 146 00:05:28,870 --> 00:05:33,308 TIME, SO DR. ROTROSEN AND HIS 147 00:05:33,308 --> 00:05:35,043 FAMILY ARE ON THE CALL YET, I 148 00:05:35,043 --> 00:05:38,280 JUST WANTED TO CHECK ON THAT? 149 00:05:38,280 --> 00:05:39,781 >> THEY'RE IN THE PROCESS OF 150 00:05:39,781 --> 00:05:40,015 JOINING. 151 00:05:40,015 --> 00:05:40,715 >> OKAY. 152 00:05:40,715 --> 00:05:41,850 >> SO JUST GIVE US ANOTHER 153 00:05:41,850 --> 00:05:43,885 SECOND. 154 00:05:43,885 --> 00:05:47,823 >> YES, I'LL GIVE YOU ANOTHER 155 00:05:47,823 --> 00:05:50,759 SECOND UNTIL THEY ARE ON BOARD. 156 00:05:50,759 --> 00:06:01,303 I WANT TO SEE DR. JOHN ROTROSEN. 157 00:06:12,514 --> 00:06:15,283 SO YOU LET ME KNOW WHEN WE HAVE 158 00:06:15,283 --> 00:06:19,921 ALL OF OUR GUESTS. 159 00:06:19,921 --> 00:06:21,756 >> YES, WE WILL, NORA. 160 00:06:21,756 --> 00:06:31,900 >> OKAY. 161 00:06:38,573 --> 00:06:40,442 I SEE WE HAVE -- 162 00:06:40,442 --> 00:06:43,845 >> NORA, JOHN'S HERE. 163 00:06:43,845 --> 00:06:45,080 >> AND I SEE -- 164 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:45,780 >> HI. 165 00:06:45,780 --> 00:06:46,848 I'M HERE NOW TOO. 166 00:06:46,848 --> 00:06:49,451 HI. 167 00:06:49,451 --> 00:06:53,455 >> VERY NICE TO MEET YOU. 168 00:06:53,455 --> 00:06:55,724 >> THANK YOU. 169 00:06:55,724 --> 00:06:57,859 >> YOU ALL LOOK WONDERFUL. 170 00:06:57,859 --> 00:07:04,766 >> LIKEWISE. 171 00:07:04,766 --> 00:07:09,371 AND I SEE JOHN'S BROTHER DANIEL. 172 00:07:09,371 --> 00:07:10,205 >> YES. 173 00:07:10,205 --> 00:07:10,939 HI, NORA. 174 00:07:10,939 --> 00:07:12,574 >> HELLO, HOW ARE YOU? 175 00:07:12,574 --> 00:07:14,175 NICE TO SEE YOU. 176 00:07:14,175 --> 00:07:15,777 >> I'M OKAY. 177 00:07:15,777 --> 00:07:19,381 LIKEWISE. 178 00:07:19,381 --> 00:07:21,850 SO YOU'RE ALL VIRTUAL, RIGHT? 179 00:07:21,850 --> 00:07:24,619 >> YES, WE ARE ALL VIRTUAL. 180 00:07:24,619 --> 00:07:27,522 IT'S SORT OF TRYING TO ORGANIZE 181 00:07:27,522 --> 00:07:29,357 EVERYTHING SO VERY FAST BECAUSE 182 00:07:29,357 --> 00:07:30,025 THINGS HAVE BEEN A LITTLE BIT ON 183 00:07:30,025 --> 00:07:32,494 HOLD AND THEN THEY HAD TO BE 184 00:07:32,494 --> 00:07:34,229 ACCELERATED, SO TECHNOLOGY HAS 185 00:07:34,229 --> 00:07:36,865 HELPED AS WELL IN THIS CASE. 186 00:07:36,865 --> 00:07:37,966 >> YEAH. 187 00:07:37,966 --> 00:07:40,969 THIS IS LIKE APPROACHING MY 188 00:07:40,969 --> 00:07:42,704 100th COUNCIL MEETING, AND THE 189 00:07:42,704 --> 00:07:44,205 VIRTUAL MEETINGS HAVE NOT BEEN 190 00:07:44,205 --> 00:07:45,173 AS MUCH FUN. 191 00:07:45,173 --> 00:07:47,175 >> NO, IT'S NOT THE SAME. 192 00:07:47,175 --> 00:07:48,510 THEY ARE VERY USEFUL, BUT IT'S 193 00:07:48,510 --> 00:07:56,718 NOT THE SAME. 194 00:07:56,718 --> 00:08:02,524 >> I GUESS YOU CAN START. 195 00:08:02,524 --> 00:08:03,825 >> YOU TELL ME? 196 00:08:03,825 --> 00:08:08,096 >> YES, I THINK YOU CAN START. 197 00:08:08,096 --> 00:08:08,930 >> YOU CAN START. 198 00:08:08,930 --> 00:08:10,699 >> YES, I CAN CONTINUE MY 199 00:08:10,699 --> 00:08:14,502 DIALOGUE, WHICH I HAD INITIATED, 200 00:08:14,502 --> 00:08:15,603 SPEAKING TO NOBODY THAT 201 00:08:15,603 --> 00:08:16,738 ACTUALLY -- WE WERE SPEAKING TO 202 00:08:16,738 --> 00:08:18,206 THE COUNCIL, BUT NOT TO THE 203 00:08:18,206 --> 00:08:21,576 FAMILY MEMBERS AND FRIENDS AND 204 00:08:21,576 --> 00:08:22,911 ADMIRERS OF JOHN ROTROSEN'S 205 00:08:22,911 --> 00:08:24,980 WORK, AND WHAT I WAS SAYING IS 206 00:08:24,980 --> 00:08:28,783 THAT EVERY FEW YEARS, ACTUALLY 207 00:08:28,783 --> 00:08:31,486 WHEN THERE IS SOMEONE COMES 208 00:08:31,486 --> 00:08:33,955 ACROSS THAT ACTUALLY HAS DONE 209 00:08:33,955 --> 00:08:35,457 SOME TRANSFORMATIVE AND CRUCIAL 210 00:08:35,457 --> 00:08:37,792 ADVANCES IN THE SCIENCE OF 211 00:08:37,792 --> 00:08:39,027 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AND THE 212 00:08:39,027 --> 00:08:40,528 WAY IT'S THAT MANAGED AND THE 213 00:08:40,528 --> 00:08:42,063 WAY THAT IT'S UNDERSTOOD AND THE 214 00:08:42,063 --> 00:08:43,732 WAY THAT POLICIES ARE GATHERED, 215 00:08:43,732 --> 00:08:45,667 WE ACTUALLY GIVE A RECOGNITION. 216 00:08:45,667 --> 00:08:47,936 SO THERE ARE VERY FEW PEOPLE 217 00:08:47,936 --> 00:08:51,172 THAT WE HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT 218 00:08:51,172 --> 00:08:51,339 WAY. 219 00:08:51,339 --> 00:08:53,408 AND SO TODAY, WITH A LIFETIME 220 00:08:53,408 --> 00:08:55,744 ACHIEVEMENT AWARD FROM NIDA, AND 221 00:08:55,744 --> 00:08:57,779 TODAY THERE'S NO ONE MORE 222 00:08:57,779 --> 00:09:00,048 MERITORIOUS THAN THE RECOGNITION 223 00:09:00,048 --> 00:09:03,318 FOR THIS OF DR. JOHN ROTROSEN. 224 00:09:03,318 --> 00:09:05,587 AND SO TODAY, THE LIFETIME 225 00:09:05,587 --> 00:09:07,822 ACHIEVEMENT GOES TO JOHN 226 00:09:07,822 --> 00:09:09,691 ROTROSEN WHO MANY OF YOU KNOW 227 00:09:09,691 --> 00:09:11,760 BECAUSE HE HAS PARTICIPATED, I 228 00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:12,694 THINK, ON EVERY SINGLE ASPECT OF 229 00:09:12,694 --> 00:09:16,564 THE ACTIVITIES THAT WE DO AT 230 00:09:16,564 --> 00:09:18,400 NIDA, STARTING AS -- I MEAN, AS 231 00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:21,202 SENIOR CLINICAL RESEARCHER, 232 00:09:21,202 --> 00:09:23,905 INVESTIGATOR, BUT ALSO HELPING 233 00:09:23,905 --> 00:09:25,874 THROUGH WITH COUNCIL OR ANY 234 00:09:25,874 --> 00:09:27,108 OTHER ACTIVITY WHERE WE HAVE 235 00:09:27,108 --> 00:09:30,345 REACHED OUT FOR HIM TO BE A 236 00:09:30,345 --> 00:09:30,678 PARTICIPANT. 237 00:09:30,678 --> 00:09:33,348 SO FOR ME, IT IS A PROFOUND 238 00:09:33,348 --> 00:09:37,185 HONOR TO PRESENT NIDA'S LIFETIME 239 00:09:37,185 --> 00:09:38,953 ACHIEVEMENT AWARD TO HIM. 240 00:09:38,953 --> 00:09:42,690 AND PEOPLE WOULD SAY, WELL, 241 00:09:42,690 --> 00:09:44,192 ACTUALLY, HOW LONG HAVE I KNOWN 242 00:09:44,192 --> 00:09:44,392 JOHN? 243 00:09:44,392 --> 00:09:46,327 AND I'VE KNOWN JOHN FOR A LONG, 244 00:09:46,327 --> 00:09:46,895 LONG TIME. 245 00:09:46,895 --> 00:09:48,930 AND I KNOW HIM WHEN I CAME FOR 246 00:09:48,930 --> 00:09:50,999 THE FIRST TIME TO THE UNITED 247 00:09:50,999 --> 00:09:52,167 STATES, I HAD JUST FINISHED 248 00:09:52,167 --> 00:09:54,369 MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND I WAS 249 00:09:54,369 --> 00:09:56,004 STARTING MY TRAINING IN 250 00:09:56,004 --> 00:09:56,738 PSYCHIATRY AT NEW YORK 251 00:09:56,738 --> 00:09:57,072 UNIVERSITY. 252 00:09:57,072 --> 00:09:59,407 AND THAT'S WHERE I MET HIM 253 00:09:59,407 --> 00:10:02,243 BECAUSE HE WAS A CHIEF OF THE 254 00:10:02,243 --> 00:10:04,479 INPATIENT UNIT, THE PSYCHIATRIC 255 00:10:04,479 --> 00:10:08,550 UNIT AT THE V.A. HOSPITAL. 256 00:10:08,550 --> 00:10:14,622 AND JOHN WAS ADMIRED BY ALL OF 257 00:10:14,622 --> 00:10:16,858 THE RESIDENTS THAT JOHN ATTENDED 258 00:10:16,858 --> 00:10:19,861 BECAUSE HE REPRESENTED, I THINK, 259 00:10:19,861 --> 00:10:22,897 EPITOMIZED WHAT EVERYONE WANTED 260 00:10:22,897 --> 00:10:24,966 TO TURN INTO, THIS VERY 261 00:10:24,966 --> 00:10:28,603 ENERGETIC, CHARISMATIC, SMART 262 00:10:28,603 --> 00:10:30,605 AND CARING INVESTIGATOR WAS 263 00:10:30,605 --> 00:10:32,607 ACTUALLY AT THAT TIME, WHEN I 264 00:10:32,607 --> 00:10:35,610 MET JOHN, HE WAS CHIEF AND I WAS 265 00:10:35,610 --> 00:10:39,747 A RESIDENT, WAS HE WAS TRYING TO 266 00:10:39,747 --> 00:10:43,218 BASICALLY DO RESEARCH TO HELP 267 00:10:43,218 --> 00:10:44,786 ADVANCE THE TREATMENT OF 268 00:10:44,786 --> 00:10:47,455 SCHIZOPHRENIA AND, OF COURSE, IT 269 00:10:47,455 --> 00:10:50,558 IS EXTREMELY CHALLENGING 270 00:10:50,558 --> 00:10:51,960 CONDITION. 271 00:10:51,960 --> 00:10:55,196 AND I WOULD HAVE NEVER EVER 272 00:10:55,196 --> 00:10:56,598 PREDICTED THAT HE WOULD GO FROM 273 00:10:56,598 --> 00:10:57,732 SCHIZOPHRENIA INTO THE WHOLE 274 00:10:57,732 --> 00:10:59,300 FIELD OF ADDICTION, BUT 275 00:10:59,300 --> 00:11:01,503 SURPRISINGLY, I MEAN, IN A WAY, 276 00:11:01,503 --> 00:11:05,373 OUR PATHS CRISSCROSSED ALSO 277 00:11:05,373 --> 00:11:06,841 BECAUSE I WAS -- MY FIRST 278 00:11:06,841 --> 00:11:08,243 RESEARCH WAS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 279 00:11:08,243 --> 00:11:11,179 AND THAT OPENED THE GATEWAY FOR 280 00:11:11,179 --> 00:11:14,115 ME TO LOOK INTO ADDICTION AS A 281 00:11:14,115 --> 00:11:15,083 WAY TO UNDERSTAND VERY 282 00:11:15,083 --> 00:11:17,318 FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES THAT ARE 283 00:11:17,318 --> 00:11:19,487 ENGAGED IN PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS 284 00:11:19,487 --> 00:11:20,555 AND MANY OF THE THINKING 285 00:11:20,555 --> 00:11:24,058 PROBLEMS THAT ENSUE THEM. 286 00:11:24,058 --> 00:11:27,762 AND JOHN WAS -- HIS WORK WAS 287 00:11:27,762 --> 00:11:31,699 CRUCIAL ON ADVANCING HOW WE 288 00:11:31,699 --> 00:11:33,935 TREAT SCHIZOPHRENIA, INCLUDING 289 00:11:33,935 --> 00:11:37,305 FUNDAMENTAL FOR BRINGING FORWARD 290 00:11:37,305 --> 00:11:39,974 TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS THAT 291 00:11:39,974 --> 00:11:42,510 REALLY TRULY HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED 292 00:11:42,510 --> 00:11:45,079 THE OUTCOMES ON PATIENTS WITH 293 00:11:45,079 --> 00:11:45,413 SCHIZOPHRENIA. 294 00:11:45,413 --> 00:11:46,114 SO THAT WAS JUST -- THAT 295 00:11:46,114 --> 00:11:47,081 BEGINNING WAS BEFORE HE ACTUALLY 296 00:11:47,081 --> 00:11:49,150 WENT ON AND STARTED TO WORK IN 297 00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:50,251 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, FOR 298 00:11:50,251 --> 00:11:53,121 WHICH WE ARE VERY, VERY GRATEFUL 299 00:11:53,121 --> 00:11:55,757 AND CERTAINLY I AM BECAUSE HIS 300 00:11:55,757 --> 00:11:58,393 WORK IN THE FIELD OF ADDICTION 301 00:11:58,393 --> 00:12:02,130 HAS BEEN, AS I MENTIONED, IT HAS 302 00:12:02,130 --> 00:12:05,200 BEEN TRANSFORMATIVE AND IN TERMS 303 00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:08,303 OF DEVELOPING THE CLINICAL 304 00:12:08,303 --> 00:12:12,006 TRIALS THAT HAVE THE BEST THAT 305 00:12:12,006 --> 00:12:15,210 ACTUALLY CAN CHANGE PRACTICE AND 306 00:12:15,210 --> 00:12:17,545 AT THE SAME TIME PROVIDING THAT 307 00:12:17,545 --> 00:12:19,814 INFORMATION THAT IS NECESSARY 308 00:12:19,814 --> 00:12:22,784 FOR ALL OF THE FIELD TO ENSURE 309 00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:26,421 THAT PATIENTS ARE GETTING THE 310 00:12:26,421 --> 00:12:28,356 PROPER TREATMENT AND THE 311 00:12:28,356 --> 00:12:31,092 INSURANCE IS COVERED FOR THOSE 312 00:12:31,092 --> 00:12:31,392 TREATMENTS. 313 00:12:31,392 --> 00:12:33,528 SO HE HAS PROVIDED THE SOLID 314 00:12:33,528 --> 00:12:36,831 FOUNDATIONS OF WHAT WE DO RIGHT 315 00:12:36,831 --> 00:12:39,934 NOW CLINICALLY. 316 00:12:39,934 --> 00:12:42,070 BUT JOHN'S CONTRIBUTION GOES WAY 317 00:12:42,070 --> 00:12:44,038 BEYOND HIS INCREDIBLE SCIENTIFIC 318 00:12:44,038 --> 00:12:48,543 AND CLINICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 319 00:12:48,543 --> 00:12:53,548 I ADMIRE HIM BECAUSE OF ACTUALLY 320 00:12:53,548 --> 00:12:56,884 THE ENORMOUS HUMANITY THAT HE 321 00:12:56,884 --> 00:12:57,352 REPRESENTS. 322 00:12:57,352 --> 00:13:00,088 THERE'S SOMETHING SO 323 00:13:00,088 --> 00:13:02,490 FUNDAMENTALLY CARING AND 324 00:13:02,490 --> 00:13:04,359 INTELLIGENT AND UNCOMPROMISING 325 00:13:04,359 --> 00:13:05,994 ABOUT HIM, THAT I THINK THAT IS 326 00:13:05,994 --> 00:13:08,930 WHAT HAS SET HIM APART AND THAT 327 00:13:08,930 --> 00:13:10,031 HAS INSPIRED MANY OF US. 328 00:13:10,031 --> 00:13:14,469 AS I SAY, I WAS VERY EARLY ON IN 329 00:13:14,469 --> 00:13:16,070 MY CAREER, VERY MUCH TAKEN BY 330 00:13:16,070 --> 00:13:20,108 JOHN AS SOMEONE THAT I COULD SEE 331 00:13:20,108 --> 00:13:23,544 IN DEVELOPING AS A SCIENTIST. 332 00:13:23,544 --> 00:13:26,347 SO HE HAS PUSHED OUR FIELD 333 00:13:26,347 --> 00:13:27,482 FORWARD, NOT JUST ON DISCOVERY, 334 00:13:27,482 --> 00:13:30,585 IN MENTORING, IN ADVOCACY, AND, 335 00:13:30,585 --> 00:13:33,154 TOO, IN HELPING US OVERALL AS WE 336 00:13:33,154 --> 00:13:34,522 ALWAYS ARE BATTLING FOR SUPPORT 337 00:13:34,522 --> 00:13:39,394 FOR RESOURCES FOR NIDA, FOR THE 338 00:13:39,394 --> 00:13:40,161 RESEARCH, HELPING US IDENTIFY 339 00:13:40,161 --> 00:13:42,063 HOW CRUCIAL THE RESEARCH OF NIDA 340 00:13:42,063 --> 00:13:45,667 IS AND THE NEED FOR SUPPORT OF 341 00:13:45,667 --> 00:13:45,833 IT. 342 00:13:45,833 --> 00:13:48,770 I MEAN, I WILL SAY, THERE'S 343 00:13:48,770 --> 00:13:51,906 SOMETHING LIKE TRYING TO GET IN 344 00:13:51,906 --> 00:13:54,742 MY BRAIN WHAT JUMPS AT ME IN 345 00:13:54,742 --> 00:13:56,978 JOHN, THERE ARE MANY 346 00:13:56,978 --> 00:13:57,679 CHARACTERISTICS. 347 00:13:57,679 --> 00:13:58,012 OPTIMISM. 348 00:13:58,012 --> 00:14:00,548 I SAID IT ALREADY, HIS 349 00:14:00,548 --> 00:14:02,583 GENEROSITY, AND I ALSO SAID IT, 350 00:14:02,583 --> 00:14:05,486 I THINK THAT THIS DEFINES HIS -- 351 00:14:05,486 --> 00:14:08,756 HIS DEEP, DEEP HUMANITY. 352 00:14:08,756 --> 00:14:10,625 AND I THINK DEFINITELY THAT HAS 353 00:14:10,625 --> 00:14:13,361 MADE A BIG IMPACT IN ME AND I 354 00:14:13,361 --> 00:14:18,066 KNOWING I'M SURE ALSO IN MANY 355 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:18,299 OTHERS. 356 00:14:18,299 --> 00:14:22,103 AND I DO, AS WE ALL -- I MEAN, 357 00:14:22,103 --> 00:14:23,438 AS THINGS CHANGE, OF COURSE, AND 358 00:14:23,438 --> 00:14:25,039 WE SEE THE NEW GENERATIONS 359 00:14:25,039 --> 00:14:27,308 ACTUALLY BECOMING MORE AND MORE 360 00:14:27,308 --> 00:14:30,978 PROACTIVE, I MEAN, THE WAY THAT 361 00:14:30,978 --> 00:14:33,147 WILL LEAVE BEHIND ALL OF THAT 362 00:14:33,147 --> 00:14:35,149 KNOWLEDGE THAT WE GAIN OF BEING 363 00:14:35,149 --> 00:14:36,417 ACTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS IS 364 00:14:36,417 --> 00:14:39,354 THROUGH MENTORSHIP, AND THAT IS 365 00:14:39,354 --> 00:14:41,589 ANOTHER AREA WHERE JOHN HAS 366 00:14:41,589 --> 00:14:41,856 EXCELLED. 367 00:14:41,856 --> 00:14:43,858 AND I CAN PROUDLY SAY THAT I WAS 368 00:14:43,858 --> 00:14:50,131 ONE OF HIS MENTEES, AND WHICH I 369 00:14:50,131 --> 00:14:53,601 SORT OF -- AND IN THAT RESPECT, 370 00:14:53,601 --> 00:14:55,636 WE HAVE MENTORED OTHERS AND THE 371 00:14:55,636 --> 00:14:59,440 WHOLE TRADITION CONTINUES. 372 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:02,009 SO JOHN, YOU HAVE HELPED US NOT 373 00:15:02,009 --> 00:15:03,811 JUST WHAT WE KNOW IN SUBSTANCE 374 00:15:03,811 --> 00:15:05,680 USE DISORDERS, BUT HOW WE CARE 375 00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:07,248 ABOUT THEM. 376 00:15:07,248 --> 00:15:10,418 SO ON BEHALF OF THE NIDA STAFF 377 00:15:10,418 --> 00:15:12,420 AND THE ENTIRE RESEARCH 378 00:15:12,420 --> 00:15:14,489 COMMUNITY, THANK YOU FOR YOUR 379 00:15:14,489 --> 00:15:15,156 EXTRAORDINARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND 380 00:15:15,156 --> 00:15:17,558 FOR YOUR TIRELESS EFFORTS TO 381 00:15:17,558 --> 00:15:19,394 ENSURE THAT SUBSTANCE USE 382 00:15:19,394 --> 00:15:21,929 RESEARCH REMAINS RELEVANT, 383 00:15:21,929 --> 00:15:23,564 RIGOROUS, AND CONSEQUENTIAL TO 384 00:15:23,564 --> 00:15:26,334 THE CLINICAL CARE OF PATIENTS. 385 00:15:26,334 --> 00:15:27,635 AND SO IT IS MY ABSOLUTE 386 00:15:27,635 --> 00:15:30,471 PLEASURE TO PRESENT YOU WITH THE 387 00:15:30,471 --> 00:15:32,373 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE 388 00:15:32,373 --> 00:15:35,476 LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD. 389 00:15:35,476 --> 00:15:39,747 MAY THIS AWARD FARE HAS A INTOFL 390 00:15:39,747 --> 00:15:40,782 OUR DEEPEST GRATITUDE AND 391 00:15:40,782 --> 00:15:43,851 RESPECT AND AS A TESTAMENT TO 392 00:15:43,851 --> 00:15:47,054 THE IMPACT YOU HAVE MADE THROUGH 393 00:15:47,054 --> 00:15:49,891 DECADES OF SELFLESS SCIENTIFIC 394 00:15:49,891 --> 00:15:50,992 ENDEAVOR. 395 00:15:50,992 --> 00:15:52,260 YOU HAVE NOT ONLY CHANGED LIVES, 396 00:15:52,260 --> 00:15:53,828 IT HAS SAVED THEM. 397 00:15:53,828 --> 00:15:57,198 SO THANK VERY, VERY MUCH. 398 00:15:57,198 --> 00:15:59,767 IF YOU WERE HERE, I WOULD 399 00:15:59,767 --> 00:16:02,637 EMBRACE BECAUSE YOU DESERVE MANY 400 00:16:02,637 --> 00:16:02,904 EMBRACES. 401 00:16:02,904 --> 00:16:06,707 >> WE ALL WOULD, I THINK. 402 00:16:06,707 --> 00:16:08,376 DID YOU WANT TO MAKE A FEW 403 00:16:08,376 --> 00:16:11,078 COMMENTS AS WELL? 404 00:16:11,078 --> 00:16:14,048 >> YES, THANK YOU. 405 00:16:14,048 --> 00:16:15,082 I HAVE TO COLLECT MYSELF. 406 00:16:15,082 --> 00:16:18,219 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR GIVING 407 00:16:18,219 --> 00:16:19,821 ME THIS OPPORTUNITY. 408 00:16:19,821 --> 00:16:23,391 I'M A LONG TIME NIDA EMPLOYEE 409 00:16:23,391 --> 00:16:28,596 AND I WORKED IN THE CITY AND IN 410 00:16:28,596 --> 00:16:31,032 THE CTTN FOR THE PAST 25 YEARS, 411 00:16:31,032 --> 00:16:35,636 AND JOHN WAS OUR FUNDING NODE PI 412 00:16:35,636 --> 00:16:38,072 FROM THE VERY BEGINNING. 413 00:16:38,072 --> 00:16:41,642 AND, YOU KNOW, ANY NEW 414 00:16:41,642 --> 00:16:44,212 ORGANIZATION FORMED, THERE IS 415 00:16:44,212 --> 00:16:45,913 NOT EASY BECAUSE AT THE 416 00:16:45,913 --> 00:16:47,415 BEGINNING, WE DON'T KNOW EACH 417 00:16:47,415 --> 00:16:51,352 OTHER VERY WELL, BUT I STARTED 418 00:16:51,352 --> 00:16:57,391 TO KNOW HIM AND ALL MY CTTN 419 00:16:57,391 --> 00:17:00,027 GRANTEES GRADUATE TO KNOW EACH 420 00:17:00,027 --> 00:17:01,929 OTHER, AND FOR THAT, I BEG FOR A 421 00:17:01,929 --> 00:17:05,566 FEW MINUTES TO SAY SOMETHING 422 00:17:05,566 --> 00:17:07,635 FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE. 423 00:17:07,635 --> 00:17:11,639 I HAD A MEETING WITH SOME OF MY 424 00:17:11,639 --> 00:17:13,741 LONG-TERM COLLEAGUES WHO'S BEEN 425 00:17:13,741 --> 00:17:15,443 WORKING WITH CTTN FOR A LONG 426 00:17:15,443 --> 00:17:17,979 TIME YESTERDAY, SO WE WERE ALL 427 00:17:17,979 --> 00:17:19,747 SITTING THERE TRYING TO REFLECT 428 00:17:19,747 --> 00:17:23,317 WHAT WE THINK IS THE GREATEST 429 00:17:23,317 --> 00:17:27,755 CONTRIBUTION THAT JOHN HAS MADE. 430 00:17:27,755 --> 00:17:32,527 AND WHAT I HAVE GOT HERE IS A 431 00:17:32,527 --> 00:17:36,364 LITTLE VIGNETTE, BUT TRULY 432 00:17:36,364 --> 00:17:39,967 REFLECT OUR FEELINGS ABOUT HIM 433 00:17:39,967 --> 00:17:43,070 AS COLLEAGUES AND, YOU KNOW, 434 00:17:43,070 --> 00:17:45,873 ALSO TO REFLECT SOME OF HIS 435 00:17:45,873 --> 00:17:46,140 QUALITIES. 436 00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:50,278 I MEAN, WE ALL THINK HE IS A 437 00:17:50,278 --> 00:17:55,750 GREAT MENTOR AND HE -- FOR HIS 438 00:17:55,750 --> 00:18:00,955 LARGE STUDY TEAMS AND IN HIS OWN 439 00:18:00,955 --> 00:18:05,660 NODE AND ALSO ACROSS THE NODE 440 00:18:05,660 --> 00:18:11,132 FOR OTHERS IN THE TRIAL TEAM, 441 00:18:11,132 --> 00:18:12,133 STUDY TEAM. 442 00:18:12,133 --> 00:18:13,935 AND THE REASONst BEEN SO 443 00:18:13,935 --> 00:18:16,370 SUCCESSFUL AS A GREAT MENTOR -- 444 00:18:16,370 --> 00:18:17,471 REASON HE'S BEEN SO SUCCESSFUL 445 00:18:17,471 --> 00:18:20,775 AS A GREAT MENTOR IS HE'S VERY 446 00:18:20,775 --> 00:18:23,244 HUMBLE AND HE'S VERY PATIENT TO 447 00:18:23,244 --> 00:18:24,845 LISTEN TO THE OPPOSITE IDEAS. 448 00:18:24,845 --> 00:18:26,280 IT'S NOT JUST EVERYBODY AGREE 449 00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:29,083 WITH HIM, BUT HE LISTENS TO HIS 450 00:18:29,083 --> 00:18:32,053 OPPOSITE IDEAS, AND THEN HE CAN 451 00:18:32,053 --> 00:18:35,623 VERY SKILLFULLY EXPLAIN THE 452 00:18:35,623 --> 00:18:37,358 RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE THAT 453 00:18:37,358 --> 00:18:40,561 THE PRIMARY TEAM HAS MADE, AND 454 00:18:40,561 --> 00:18:43,631 IF THERE ARE STILL CONSENT, HE 455 00:18:43,631 --> 00:18:47,568 WILL ASK AND IF EVERYBODY 456 00:18:47,568 --> 00:18:50,705 AGREES, THEN HE WILL GLADLY JUST 457 00:18:50,705 --> 00:18:52,473 ACCOMMODATE IT. 458 00:18:52,473 --> 00:18:55,643 AND VERY SUPPORTIVE OF HIS TEAM 459 00:18:55,643 --> 00:18:56,310 MEMBERS. 460 00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:57,812 AND HE'S A GREAT COMMUNICATOR 461 00:18:57,812 --> 00:19:00,281 AND A TEAM BUILDER BECAUSE HE'S 462 00:19:00,281 --> 00:19:02,717 VERY GENEROUS WITH HIS TIME. 463 00:19:02,717 --> 00:19:05,653 MY CCTN COLLEAGUES BASICALLY 464 00:19:05,653 --> 00:19:08,122 CONCLUDED THAT HE IS A WONDERFUL 465 00:19:08,122 --> 00:19:11,993 SCIENTIST AND A WONDERFUL HUMAN 466 00:19:11,993 --> 00:19:13,761 BEING. 467 00:19:13,761 --> 00:19:15,663 BUT THE ONE THING WE IMPRESSED 468 00:19:15,663 --> 00:19:18,432 THE MOST IS HE'S A GREAT 469 00:19:18,432 --> 00:19:18,766 COLLABORATOR. 470 00:19:18,766 --> 00:19:21,102 NOT WITHIN HIS OWN NODE, BUT 471 00:19:21,102 --> 00:19:24,639 ACROSS THE CTN. 472 00:19:24,639 --> 00:19:27,675 MANY PIs WHO WANT HIS INPUT FROM 473 00:19:27,675 --> 00:19:29,276 THE CLINICAL EXPERTISE, BECAUSE 474 00:19:29,276 --> 00:19:30,211 MANY OF THEM ARE BEHAVIOR 475 00:19:30,211 --> 00:19:32,113 RESEARCHERS OR THEY DID A LOT OF 476 00:19:32,113 --> 00:19:34,415 LABORATORY STUDY, IF THEY WANTED 477 00:19:34,415 --> 00:19:36,851 HIS CLINICAL EXPERTISE, HE HAS 478 00:19:36,851 --> 00:19:39,754 ALWAYS GENEROUSLY EXTENDED HIS 479 00:19:39,754 --> 00:19:41,756 SUPPORT. 480 00:19:41,756 --> 00:19:45,026 VERY EARLY ON, HE FORMED 481 00:19:45,026 --> 00:19:47,662 COLLABORATIONS WITH NYU INTERNAL 482 00:19:47,662 --> 00:19:49,397 MEDICINE DEPARTMENT AND BECAUSE 483 00:19:49,397 --> 00:19:52,466 HE WANTS TO TRY TO RECRUIT 484 00:19:52,466 --> 00:19:55,536 PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS TO THE 485 00:19:55,536 --> 00:19:58,639 NODE TO EXPAND THE 486 00:19:58,639 --> 00:19:59,874 PHYSICIAN/SCIENTIST BEYOND ALL 487 00:19:59,874 --> 00:20:00,941 PSYCH GISTS. 488 00:20:00,941 --> 00:20:05,012 HOW VISIONARY, WE FEEL. 489 00:20:05,012 --> 00:20:09,250 HE ALSO FORMED INTERNATIONAL 490 00:20:09,250 --> 00:20:09,917 COLLABORATION. 491 00:20:09,917 --> 00:20:11,652 JUST AT ONE MEETING, HE STARTED 492 00:20:11,652 --> 00:20:13,921 SPEAKING TO THE POSTER SCIENTIST 493 00:20:13,921 --> 00:20:17,324 NEXT TO HIS WHO IS FROM BELGIUM 494 00:20:17,324 --> 00:20:18,559 AND THEY STRUCK A CONVERSATION, 495 00:20:18,559 --> 00:20:22,697 AND THEN THEY DECIDED TO 496 00:20:22,697 --> 00:20:23,297 COLLABORATE. 497 00:20:23,297 --> 00:20:28,736 SO XBOT WENT TO EUROPE AND 498 00:20:28,736 --> 00:20:30,705 FINISHED AND PUBLISH IN JAMA 499 00:20:30,705 --> 00:20:31,072 PSYCHIATRY. 500 00:20:31,072 --> 00:20:33,741 THAT, I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE 501 00:20:33,741 --> 00:20:34,975 JUST SAY COLLABORATION, 502 00:20:34,975 --> 00:20:36,177 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AS A 503 00:20:36,177 --> 00:20:40,014 LIP SERVICE, BUT JOHN ACTUALLY 504 00:20:40,014 --> 00:20:43,184 DELIVERED. 505 00:20:43,184 --> 00:20:45,619 BECAUSE HE CAN DO ALL THIS, IT'S 506 00:20:45,619 --> 00:20:49,223 ONLY BECAUSE HE'S A GREAT 507 00:20:49,223 --> 00:20:49,523 NEGOTIATOR. 508 00:20:49,523 --> 00:20:52,393 THAT SKILL HELPED HIM TO BE A 509 00:20:52,393 --> 00:20:54,361 GREAT COLLABORATOR. 510 00:20:54,361 --> 00:20:57,331 HE FEELS COMFORTABLE TO GIVE AND 511 00:20:57,331 --> 00:21:00,868 TO TAKE AS LONG AS IT DOESN'T 512 00:21:00,868 --> 00:21:02,636 COMPROMISE THE SCIENTIFIC 513 00:21:02,636 --> 00:21:05,239 INTEGRITY OF THE STUDY PROTOCOL. 514 00:21:05,239 --> 00:21:10,111 SO IN ALL THAT, I REALLY, MY 515 00:21:10,111 --> 00:21:14,515 COLLEAGUES AND I FEEL THAT HIS 516 00:21:14,515 --> 00:21:18,352 CONTRIBUTION REALLY GOES BEYOND 517 00:21:18,352 --> 00:21:21,422 JUST WHAT WE CONSIDER HIS 518 00:21:21,422 --> 00:21:22,990 PUBLICATIONS BECAUSE AT THE VERY 519 00:21:22,990 --> 00:21:25,993 BEGINNING OF THE CTN, WE'RE 520 00:21:25,993 --> 00:21:27,862 STILL IN THE INITIAL SIX NODES, 521 00:21:27,862 --> 00:21:31,398 NOW EXTENDED TO, YOU KNOW, 12, 522 00:21:31,398 --> 00:21:34,168 14 NODES, THAT OUR WORRY WAS 523 00:21:34,168 --> 00:21:37,104 THIS IS A NEW RESEARCH MODEL, 524 00:21:37,104 --> 00:21:39,440 WHICH REALLY DEPENDS ON THE 525 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:41,742 COLLABORATION AMONG ALL THE 526 00:21:41,742 --> 00:21:44,011 GRANTEES TO CONDUCT A LARGE 527 00:21:44,011 --> 00:21:45,079 MULTI-SITE TRIALS. 528 00:21:45,079 --> 00:21:47,548 AT THE BEGINNING, VERY FEW 529 00:21:47,548 --> 00:21:49,850 PEOPLE TRUST US WE CAN DO THAT. 530 00:21:49,850 --> 00:21:52,586 THEY ALL THINK THAT IT'S FOR THE 531 00:21:52,586 --> 00:21:55,656 GOVERNMENT TO FIND ANOTHER FANCY 532 00:21:55,656 --> 00:21:59,693 NAME TO DO RESEARCH AND SPLIT 533 00:21:59,693 --> 00:22:02,730 THE RESOURCES. 534 00:22:02,730 --> 00:22:04,598 I VERY MUCH APPRECIATE AND IS 535 00:22:04,598 --> 00:22:07,101 THANKFUL TO JOHN AND THE MANY OF 536 00:22:07,101 --> 00:22:10,604 OUR FIRST SIX NODES PIs. 537 00:22:10,604 --> 00:22:11,438 THEY REALLY CONTROLLED 538 00:22:11,438 --> 00:22:15,910 THEMSELVES, WAITED FOR A COUPLE 539 00:22:15,910 --> 00:22:16,877 YEARS FOR THE COMMON PROTOCOL TO 540 00:22:16,877 --> 00:22:17,945 BE DEVELOPED RATHER THAN 541 00:22:17,945 --> 00:22:19,113 THINKING, OKAY, IF YOU GIVE ME 542 00:22:19,113 --> 00:22:21,382 THE MONEY NOW, I CAN DO 543 00:22:21,382 --> 00:22:24,585 SOMETHING WITH MY SINGLE NODE. 544 00:22:24,585 --> 00:22:28,422 AND THAT ACCOMPLISHMENT REALLY 545 00:22:28,422 --> 00:22:31,258 HELPED US TO ESTABLISH THE 546 00:22:31,258 --> 00:22:32,092 FEASIBILITY, CREDIBILITY, AND 547 00:22:32,092 --> 00:22:36,397 THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CTN AS A 548 00:22:36,397 --> 00:22:37,998 PRODUCTIVE, EFFECTIVE, 549 00:22:37,998 --> 00:22:40,000 COLLABORATIVE NEW RESEARCH MODEL 550 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:42,002 TO CONDUCT LARGE MULTI-SITE 551 00:22:42,002 --> 00:22:46,373 RCTs. 552 00:22:46,373 --> 00:22:49,376 AND THIS, LATER ON, REALLY 553 00:22:49,376 --> 00:22:52,346 BECOMES POPULAR AMONG THE 554 00:22:52,346 --> 00:22:53,881 CLINICAL RESEARCH FIELD AND ALSO 555 00:22:53,881 --> 00:22:57,451 ACROSS NIH. 556 00:22:57,451 --> 00:23:03,557 I THINK FOR THAT, MY COLLEAGUES 557 00:23:03,557 --> 00:23:08,162 IN NIDA CTN AND THE CCTN, WE 558 00:23:08,162 --> 00:23:09,930 MUST ACKNOWLEDGE HIS ENORMOUS 559 00:23:09,930 --> 00:23:12,199 LEADERSHIP AND ACCOMPLISHMENT IN 560 00:23:12,199 --> 00:23:12,566 THAT REGARD. 561 00:23:12,566 --> 00:23:16,637 THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH. 562 00:23:16,637 --> 00:23:20,207 >> AND I ALSO LIKE TO 563 00:23:20,207 --> 00:23:25,412 ACKNOWLEDGE THAT MARILYN BELUCCA 564 00:23:25,412 --> 00:23:26,914 WAS SUCH A WONDERFUL SPOUSE IN 565 00:23:26,914 --> 00:23:27,648 SUPPORTING HIS WORK. 566 00:23:27,648 --> 00:23:29,116 SHE OFTEN COMES TO OUR MEETING 567 00:23:29,116 --> 00:23:33,053 BECAUSE SHE'S ALSO IN THE FIELD, 568 00:23:33,053 --> 00:23:36,690 AND HER UNYIELDING SUPPORT AND 569 00:23:36,690 --> 00:23:40,761 CARE FOR JOHN IS REALLY ENVIOUS 570 00:23:40,761 --> 00:23:42,296 OF ALL OF US. 571 00:23:42,296 --> 00:23:43,397 THANK YOU. 572 00:23:43,397 --> 00:23:44,765 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 573 00:23:44,765 --> 00:23:46,901 AND THANK YOU, SUSAN AND NORA, 574 00:23:46,901 --> 00:23:49,703 FOR ALLOWING ME TO HAVE THIS 575 00:23:49,703 --> 00:23:50,004 OPPORTUNITY. 576 00:23:50,004 --> 00:23:51,906 THANK YOU AND DAN, YOU'RE LUCKY 577 00:23:51,906 --> 00:23:58,479 TO HAVE SUCH A BROTHER. 578 00:23:58,479 --> 00:24:03,284 >> ARE THERE ANY OTHER MEMBERS 579 00:24:03,284 --> 00:24:07,321 WHO WANT TO SAY SOME WORDS FOR 580 00:24:07,321 --> 00:24:07,788 JOHN? 581 00:24:07,788 --> 00:24:10,391 >> I JUST WANTED TO SAY, AGAIN, 582 00:24:10,391 --> 00:24:13,394 HOW -- IT'S ALREADY BEEN SAID, 583 00:24:13,394 --> 00:24:16,130 BUT HE'S SUCH A WONDERFUL 584 00:24:16,130 --> 00:24:17,598 PERSON, AND I'VE ALWAYS ENJOYED 585 00:24:17,598 --> 00:24:20,501 TALKING WITH YOU AND I ADMIRE 586 00:24:20,501 --> 00:24:22,569 YOU, AND I'M SO HAPPY THAT WE 587 00:24:22,569 --> 00:24:25,572 HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO GIVE YOU 588 00:24:25,572 --> 00:24:26,340 THIS AWARD. 589 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:27,741 YOU ARE SO MUCH MOST DESERVING 590 00:24:27,741 --> 00:24:30,110 OF IT. 591 00:24:30,110 --> 00:24:31,812 SO JOHN, YOU'VE DONE GREAT 592 00:24:31,812 --> 00:24:34,114 THINGS AND IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE 593 00:24:34,114 --> 00:24:35,716 TO HAVE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO 594 00:24:35,716 --> 00:24:43,490 SPEAK WITH YOU. 595 00:24:43,490 --> 00:24:45,993 >> FUN TIMES. 596 00:24:45,993 --> 00:24:46,293 ANYONE ELSE? 597 00:24:46,293 --> 00:24:47,494 >> MORE REMARKS IF I COULD, I 598 00:24:47,494 --> 00:24:49,129 WOULD JUST SAY A WORD. 599 00:24:49,129 --> 00:24:52,232 >> YES, PLEASE. 600 00:24:52,232 --> 00:24:54,268 >> I'M SOMEONE WHO JOHN PICKED 601 00:24:54,268 --> 00:24:57,304 OUT AND MENTORED 20 YEARS AGO. 602 00:24:57,304 --> 00:25:02,176 I WAS A BASICALLY NEUROSCIENTIST 603 00:25:02,176 --> 00:25:04,345 RECORDING FROM DOPAMINE NEURONS, 604 00:25:04,345 --> 00:25:05,245 AND JOHN MUST HAVE SEEN 605 00:25:05,245 --> 00:25:07,314 SOMETHING IN ME AND CHANGED MY 606 00:25:07,314 --> 00:25:08,782 LIFE AND MY CAREER BY BRINGING 607 00:25:08,782 --> 00:25:10,284 ME INTO CLINICAL REEN AND 608 00:25:10,284 --> 00:25:11,685 TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH. 609 00:25:11,685 --> 00:25:14,288 I'VE HAD THE GREAT HONOR TO WORK 610 00:25:14,288 --> 00:25:17,992 WITH JOHN ON TRIALS AS A BASIC 611 00:25:17,992 --> 00:25:19,393 NEUROSCIENTIST AND SOME LEADING 612 00:25:19,393 --> 00:25:23,998 TRIALS, AND I THINK JUST IT'S SO 613 00:25:23,998 --> 00:25:25,733 UNUSUAL THAT JOHN HAS MENTORED 614 00:25:25,733 --> 00:25:26,367 SO MANY PEOPLE FROM SO MANY 615 00:25:26,367 --> 00:25:28,135 DIFFERENT PLACES AND CONTRIBUTED 616 00:25:28,135 --> 00:25:30,304 SO MUCH TO WHAT WE ALL DO. 617 00:25:30,304 --> 00:25:34,875 WE'D PICK UP A KID WITH AN 618 00:25:34,875 --> 00:25:37,177 ELECTRODE AND TURN HIM INTO A 619 00:25:37,177 --> 00:25:38,379 CLINICAL TRIALIST, SO THANK YOU 620 00:25:38,379 --> 00:25:40,647 JOHN AND MARILYN BOTH. 621 00:25:40,647 --> 00:25:41,148 >> THANKS. 622 00:25:41,148 --> 00:25:42,216 THANKS. 623 00:25:42,216 --> 00:25:48,355 >> NORA, IT'S CHARLIE. 624 00:25:48,355 --> 00:25:49,656 I'D LIKE TO ALSO JOIN THIS. 625 00:25:49,656 --> 00:25:51,158 IT'S WONDERFUL AND INSPIRING TO 626 00:25:51,158 --> 00:25:53,494 HEAR ALL THE WORDS, AND NORA, 627 00:25:53,494 --> 00:25:55,763 ESPECIALLY YOUR VERY GENEROUS 628 00:25:55,763 --> 00:25:59,099 AND VERY THOUGHTFUL OVERVIEW OF 629 00:25:59,099 --> 00:26:02,136 JOHN'S LIFE, HIS HUMANITY, HIS 630 00:26:02,136 --> 00:26:03,670 BRILLIANCE, AND HIS 631 00:26:03,670 --> 00:26:04,371 COLLEGIALITY, AND HOW MUCH 632 00:26:04,371 --> 00:26:06,273 DIFFERENCE HE'S MEANT IN THE 633 00:26:06,273 --> 00:26:08,809 LIVES OF SO MANY PEOPLE. 634 00:26:08,809 --> 00:26:10,811 NORA, YOURSELF HAD THE PRIVILEGE 635 00:26:10,811 --> 00:26:13,947 OF, I THINK YOU ALSO ARE SORT OF 636 00:26:13,947 --> 00:26:16,316 EXPOSED TO NYU CULTURE, HAVING 637 00:26:16,316 --> 00:26:17,684 HAD SOME CRITICAL PART OF YOUR 638 00:26:17,684 --> 00:26:21,822 TRAINING AT NYU, SO YOU HAVE A 639 00:26:21,822 --> 00:26:25,125 DEEP SENSE OF THE CULTURE. 640 00:26:25,125 --> 00:26:27,961 NYU HAS A VERY UNUSUAL CULTURE, 641 00:26:27,961 --> 00:26:29,730 AND I MENTION THAT BECAUSE JOHN 642 00:26:29,730 --> 00:26:31,899 AND YOU AS WELL, NORA, AND 643 00:26:31,899 --> 00:26:33,867 OTHERS DEEPLY EMBODY IT. 644 00:26:33,867 --> 00:26:36,036 THERE ARE MANY MEDICAL SCHOOLS, 645 00:26:36,036 --> 00:26:38,238 OR SOME AT LEAST AT IN THIS 646 00:26:38,238 --> 00:26:39,606 COUNTRY, THAT HAVE VERY HIGH 647 00:26:39,606 --> 00:26:40,407 LEVEL OF SCHOLARSHIP AND 648 00:26:40,407 --> 00:26:42,443 ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE. 649 00:26:42,443 --> 00:26:44,111 THERE ARE OTHER MEDICAL SCHOOLS 650 00:26:44,111 --> 00:26:47,981 WHICH HAVE VERY FINE PHYSICIANS 651 00:26:47,981 --> 00:26:50,317 OF PUBLIC SERVICE AND 652 00:26:50,317 --> 00:26:52,152 UNDERSTANDING AND MEETING THE 653 00:26:52,152 --> 00:26:56,123 NEEDS OF UNDERSERVED PATIENTS, 654 00:26:56,123 --> 00:26:58,225 HAVE A DEEP APPRECIATION OF THE 655 00:26:58,225 --> 00:27:01,161 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 656 00:27:01,161 --> 00:27:04,031 AND A DEEP EMPATHY AND 657 00:27:04,031 --> 00:27:04,965 ENGAGEMENT WITH EVERYONE WHO'S 658 00:27:04,965 --> 00:27:07,434 OFTEN DISENFRANCHISED FROM THE 659 00:27:07,434 --> 00:27:08,936 HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. 660 00:27:08,936 --> 00:27:11,772 SO THOSE ARE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT 661 00:27:11,772 --> 00:27:12,639 PHENOTYPES, SO TO SPEAK, IN 662 00:27:12,639 --> 00:27:14,308 ACADEMIC MEDICINE AND 663 00:27:14,308 --> 00:27:17,244 PSYCHIATRY. 664 00:27:17,244 --> 00:27:20,447 NYU, OUR GOAL IS ACTUALLY TO DO 665 00:27:20,447 --> 00:27:21,548 SOMETHING THAT'S EASY TO SAY, 666 00:27:21,548 --> 00:27:24,785 BUT VERY DIFFICULT TO DO, WHICH 667 00:27:24,785 --> 00:27:27,287 IS TO ACTUALLY ACCOMPLISH THOSE 668 00:27:27,287 --> 00:27:29,923 GOALS IN A HARMONIOUS WAY. 669 00:27:29,923 --> 00:27:34,995 SO OUR HASHTAG, IF YOU WILL, IS 670 00:27:34,995 --> 00:27:40,300 NYU PSYCHIATRY IS A PLACE WITH 671 00:27:40,300 --> 00:27:43,604 GOLDEN MINDS AND JOHN HAS A GOLD 672 00:27:43,604 --> 00:27:45,472 AGAIN MIND, AND GOLD AGAIN 673 00:27:45,472 --> 00:27:47,774 HEARTS, AND JOHN HAS A GOLDEN 674 00:27:47,774 --> 00:27:48,142 HEART. 675 00:27:48,142 --> 00:27:49,243 THAT'S VERY DIFFICULT AND 676 00:27:49,243 --> 00:27:50,511 UNUSUAL AND THAT'S OUR 677 00:27:50,511 --> 00:27:51,545 ASPIRATIONAL GOAL AND I THINK 678 00:27:51,545 --> 00:27:53,347 JOHN REPRESENTS THAT AND YOU, 679 00:27:53,347 --> 00:27:54,481 NORA, AND OTHERS REPRESENT THAT 680 00:27:54,481 --> 00:27:55,616 AT A VERY DEEP LEVEL. 681 00:27:55,616 --> 00:27:56,984 SO I WANT TO HONOR JOHN BY 682 00:27:56,984 --> 00:27:58,185 SAYING THAT HE HAS BEEN 683 00:27:58,185 --> 00:27:59,486 INSTRUMENTAL IN CREATING A 684 00:27:59,486 --> 00:28:02,256 CULTURE WHERE GOLDEN MINDS MEET 685 00:28:02,256 --> 00:28:02,789 GOLDEN HEARTS. 686 00:28:02,789 --> 00:28:05,192 AND ALSO, I WANT TO SAY, NORA, 687 00:28:05,192 --> 00:28:07,361 TO THANK HIM AND MARILYN ON A 688 00:28:07,361 --> 00:28:08,529 PERSONAL NOTE. 689 00:28:08,529 --> 00:28:11,732 I CAME FROM UCSF KNOWING ALMOST 690 00:28:11,732 --> 00:28:13,901 NO ONE AT NYU WHEN I BECAME 691 00:28:13,901 --> 00:28:15,802 CHAIR AND JOHN WAS THE FIRST 692 00:28:15,802 --> 00:28:18,305 PERSON TO MEET WITH ME, TO 693 00:28:18,305 --> 00:28:20,307 GRACIOUSLY WELCOME ME, TO 694 00:28:20,307 --> 00:28:23,677 EDUCATE ME, TO ORIENT ME, TO 695 00:28:23,677 --> 00:28:25,779 ADVISE ME, AND WHATEVER MODEST 696 00:28:25,779 --> 00:28:27,414 SUCCESS I'VE HAD AS CHAIRMAN 697 00:28:27,414 --> 00:28:30,817 HERE, I OWE IN A GREAT MEASURE 698 00:28:30,817 --> 00:28:32,052 TO JOHN AS WELL. 699 00:28:32,052 --> 00:28:33,587 BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS 700 00:28:33,587 --> 00:28:37,658 WHAT YOU SAID, NORA, THAT HE HAS 701 00:28:37,658 --> 00:28:38,525 PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED THE FIELD 702 00:28:38,525 --> 00:28:40,627 AND MORE IMPORTANTLY, INFLUENCED 703 00:28:40,627 --> 00:28:43,864 THE LIVES OF PATIENTS AND THEIR 704 00:28:43,864 --> 00:28:46,233 FAMILIES WITH HIS BRILLIANCE AND 705 00:28:46,233 --> 00:28:46,533 COMPASSION. 706 00:28:46,533 --> 00:28:48,602 SO I ALSO JUST WANTED TO ECHO 707 00:28:48,602 --> 00:28:48,869 YOU. 708 00:28:48,869 --> 00:28:50,704 I THINK YOU SAID IT MORE 709 00:28:50,704 --> 00:28:54,641 ELOQUENTLY THAN I HAVE, NORA, 710 00:28:54,641 --> 00:28:55,842 BUT I WANTED TO JUST ECHO WHAT 711 00:28:55,842 --> 00:28:56,643 YOU SAID. 712 00:28:56,643 --> 00:28:58,779 THIS IS REALLY AN AMAZING PERSON 713 00:28:58,779 --> 00:29:03,150 AND A WONDERFUL FRIEND, AND 714 00:29:03,150 --> 00:29:05,552 THANK YOU FOR INCLUDING US IN 715 00:29:05,552 --> 00:29:06,386 HONORING HIS LIFETIME 716 00:29:06,386 --> 00:29:06,720 ACHIEVEMENT. 717 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:08,855 >> NO, CHARLES, THANK YOU VERY 718 00:29:08,855 --> 00:29:10,457 MUCH FOR BEING PART AND FOR 719 00:29:10,457 --> 00:29:12,593 SHARING YOUR EXPERIENCES WITH 720 00:29:12,593 --> 00:29:12,793 JOHN. 721 00:29:12,793 --> 00:29:15,662 I THINK AS YOU WERE SPEAKING, I 722 00:29:15,662 --> 00:29:17,764 MEAN, JOHN REALLY MAKES ALL OF 723 00:29:17,764 --> 00:29:19,766 US PSYCHIATRISTS FEEL PROUD 724 00:29:19,766 --> 00:29:20,867 BECAUSE HE DOES REPRESENT WHAT 725 00:29:20,867 --> 00:29:23,203 YOU WANT AS THAT LEVEL OF 726 00:29:23,203 --> 00:29:25,706 COMMITMENT AND CARING AND 727 00:29:25,706 --> 00:29:27,774 UNDERSTANDING, AND THAT INSIGHT 728 00:29:27,774 --> 00:29:30,477 OF USING THAT KNOWLEDGE TO 729 00:29:30,477 --> 00:29:32,346 ACTUALLY IMPROVE OUTCOMES FOR 730 00:29:32,346 --> 00:29:32,579 OTHERS. 731 00:29:32,579 --> 00:29:33,380 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 732 00:29:33,380 --> 00:29:43,490 SHARING YOUR THOUGHTS. 733 00:29:43,490 --> 00:29:48,295 I THINK THAT, JOHN, AGAIN, I 734 00:29:48,295 --> 00:29:50,197 WANT TO THANK YOU FOR EVERYTHING 735 00:29:50,197 --> 00:29:52,266 THAT YOU HAVE DONE AND YOU 736 00:29:52,266 --> 00:29:54,868 CONTINUE TO DO, AND WHENEVER 737 00:29:54,868 --> 00:29:56,069 I'VE BEEN IN A DIFFICULT 738 00:29:56,069 --> 00:29:58,338 SITUATION THAT WAS VERY, VERY 739 00:29:58,338 --> 00:29:59,740 CHALLENGING, THE PERSON I WOULD 740 00:29:59,740 --> 00:30:05,012 GO IN TO GET ADVICE IS JOHN. 741 00:30:05,012 --> 00:30:07,114 SOME OF THE MOST TORTUREST 742 00:30:07,114 --> 00:30:08,348 DECISIONS IN HOW TO DO, WHERE TO 743 00:30:08,348 --> 00:30:11,785 GO, HOW TO DO IT, AND JOHN WAS 744 00:30:11,785 --> 00:30:14,087 THE PERSON THAT I WOULD CONTACT 745 00:30:14,087 --> 00:30:17,257 FOR ADVICE. 746 00:30:17,257 --> 00:30:21,561 SO I AM INCREDIBLY GRATEFUL AS 747 00:30:21,561 --> 00:30:22,162 MANY OTHERS HAVE BEEN. 748 00:30:22,162 --> 00:30:24,998 SO IT'S A PLEASURE AND I'M VERY, 749 00:30:24,998 --> 00:30:28,101 VERY HAPPY THAT WE WERE ABLE TO 750 00:30:28,101 --> 00:30:32,372 DO THIS AND THAT ALSO, I WANT TO 751 00:30:32,372 --> 00:30:36,510 THANK BETTY FOR HAVING BAKE -- 752 00:30:36,510 --> 00:30:38,178 ALSO A KEY PLAYER IN ENABLING 753 00:30:38,178 --> 00:30:40,447 YOUR PARTICIPATION IN A VERY, 754 00:30:40,447 --> 00:30:43,250 VERY PROACTIVE WAY IN OUR 755 00:30:43,250 --> 00:30:46,420 CLINICAL TRIAL RESEARCH NETWORK. 756 00:30:46,420 --> 00:30:48,655 SUSAN, I TURN IT BACK TO YOU. 757 00:30:48,655 --> 00:30:51,758 >> NORA, CAN I SAY A FEW WORDS 758 00:30:51,758 --> 00:30:52,592 ON JOHN'S BEHALF? 759 00:30:52,592 --> 00:30:54,995 >> YES, OF COURSE, ABSOLUTELY, 760 00:30:54,995 --> 00:30:55,362 DAN. 761 00:30:55,362 --> 00:30:57,197 >> SO MARILYN AND JOHN ASKED ME 762 00:30:57,197 --> 00:31:01,268 TO SAY A FEW WORDS ON HIS BEHALF 763 00:31:01,268 --> 00:31:06,173 AND WHEN YOU FIRST TOLD US ABOUT 764 00:31:06,173 --> 00:31:07,874 THE LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD, 765 00:31:07,874 --> 00:31:09,343 WE HAD THOUGHT IT MIGHT EVEN BE 766 00:31:09,343 --> 00:31:12,846 IN PERSON, BUT THAT'S NOT THE 767 00:31:12,846 --> 00:31:13,814 WAY NIH ADVISORY COUNCIL 768 00:31:13,814 --> 00:31:16,149 MEETINGS ARE GOING THESE DAYS. 769 00:31:16,149 --> 00:31:18,919 BUT THANK YOU SO MUCH, NORA AND 770 00:31:18,919 --> 00:31:21,722 BETTY, FOR THOSE LOVELY WORDS 771 00:31:21,722 --> 00:31:23,924 ABOUT JOHN AND FOR GIVING ME THE 772 00:31:23,924 --> 00:31:27,594 OPPORTUNITY TO SAY A FEW WORDS 773 00:31:27,594 --> 00:31:29,730 FOR HIM. 774 00:31:29,730 --> 00:31:32,432 FIRST, I JUST WANT TO COMMENT 775 00:31:32,432 --> 00:31:35,635 THAT HE WAS SO HAPPY TO 776 00:31:35,635 --> 00:31:36,970 PARTICIPATE IN THE 25th 777 00:31:36,970 --> 00:31:39,473 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CTN LAST 778 00:31:39,473 --> 00:31:41,608 FALL, AND I KNOW WHAT A JOY THAT 779 00:31:41,608 --> 00:31:42,509 WAS FOR HIM. 780 00:31:42,509 --> 00:31:47,781 I SAW HIM A FEW TIMES LAST WEEK, 781 00:31:47,781 --> 00:31:50,450 AND IN A VOICE THAT SOME OF YOU 782 00:31:50,450 --> 00:31:51,952 WHO HE'S MENTORED MIGHT 783 00:31:51,952 --> 00:31:54,488 RECOGNIZE, HE SAID, "KEEP IT 784 00:31:54,488 --> 00:31:55,822 SHORT, THREE-HOUR AWARD 785 00:31:55,822 --> 00:31:59,593 CEREMONIES ARE REALLY BORING." 786 00:31:59,593 --> 00:32:02,662 AND I ASKED HIM, YEAH, BUT WHAT 787 00:32:02,662 --> 00:32:05,832 ELSE, IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE 788 00:32:05,832 --> 00:32:07,167 YOU'D LIKE ME TO SAY? 789 00:32:07,167 --> 00:32:09,169 HE THOUGHT FOR A MOMENT AND 790 00:32:09,169 --> 00:32:11,071 SAID, "NO, JUST SAY THANK YOU, 791 00:32:11,071 --> 00:32:13,006 NORA, IT'S BEEN FUN WORKING WITH 792 00:32:13,006 --> 00:32:13,473 YOU." 793 00:32:13,473 --> 00:32:16,476 AND THAT TO ME SAYS A LOT ABOUT 794 00:32:16,476 --> 00:32:19,479 JOHN'S COMMITMENT, NOT ONLY TO 795 00:32:19,479 --> 00:32:22,349 THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF 796 00:32:22,349 --> 00:32:24,151 SCIENCE, BUT TO A KNACK FOR 797 00:32:24,151 --> 00:32:25,986 ALWAYS MAKING IT COLLABORATIVE 798 00:32:25,986 --> 00:32:26,853 AND FUN. 799 00:32:26,853 --> 00:32:30,323 AND WE'VE ALREADY HEARD FROM A 800 00:32:30,323 --> 00:32:31,658 FEW PEOPLE ABOUT THAT. 801 00:32:31,658 --> 00:32:35,095 SO WITH THAT IN MIND, I JUST 802 00:32:35,095 --> 00:32:37,697 HAVE TO SAY SOME OF THE PEOPLE I 803 00:32:37,697 --> 00:32:40,233 SEE ONLINE TODAY ARE PEOPLE 804 00:32:40,233 --> 00:32:43,737 WHOSE WORK WITH JOHN I'VE HEARD 805 00:32:43,737 --> 00:32:46,473 ABOUT OVER CLOSE TO 50 YEARS, 806 00:32:46,473 --> 00:32:49,543 AND I KNOW FROM THOSE 807 00:32:49,543 --> 00:32:51,344 CONVERSATIONS THAT WE'VE HAD, 808 00:32:51,344 --> 00:32:53,814 THAT THERE ARE A FEW OTHERS I 809 00:32:53,814 --> 00:32:55,081 SHOULD THANK ON HIS BEHALF. 810 00:32:55,081 --> 00:32:56,683 THOSE ARE COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS 811 00:32:56,683 --> 00:33:03,824 AT NYU, AT NIDA, AT MS AND 812 00:33:03,824 --> 00:33:05,559 BEYOND, ALL THE PEOPLE WHO'S 813 00:33:05,559 --> 00:33:06,460 CONTRIBUTED TO JOHN'S 814 00:33:06,460 --> 00:33:08,028 ACCOMPLISHMENTS THAT WE'RE 815 00:33:08,028 --> 00:33:09,429 CELEBRATING TODAY. 816 00:33:09,429 --> 00:33:16,536 AND THAT STARTS WITH BART AND 817 00:33:16,536 --> 00:33:16,903 GRIST. 818 00:33:16,903 --> 00:33:18,638 I DON'T KNOW IF HE'S -- ANGRIST, 819 00:33:18,638 --> 00:33:20,574 I DON'T KNOW IF HE'S ONLINE, BUT 820 00:33:20,574 --> 00:33:22,108 HE SPARKED JOHN'S INTEREST AS A 821 00:33:22,108 --> 00:33:23,410 MEDICAL STUDENT IN HOW THE BRAIN 822 00:33:23,410 --> 00:33:26,012 WORKS AND I THINK THAT PROBABLY 823 00:33:26,012 --> 00:33:26,947 PROMPTED A FEW MEDICAL STUDIES 824 00:33:26,947 --> 00:33:28,715 WITH AN N OF 1 OR 2. 825 00:33:28,715 --> 00:33:30,984 I WON'T SAY WHO THOSE RESEARCH 826 00:33:30,984 --> 00:33:32,385 PARTICIPANTS WERE. 827 00:33:32,385 --> 00:33:35,255 AND THEN SAM GERSHON, WHO SAW 828 00:33:35,255 --> 00:33:38,725 JOHN'S PROMISE AND PROVIDED THE 829 00:33:38,725 --> 00:33:41,962 RESOURCES AND INTRODUCTIONS AND 830 00:33:41,962 --> 00:33:42,496 OPPORTUNITIES TO LAUNCH A 831 00:33:42,496 --> 00:33:45,966 CAREER. 832 00:33:45,966 --> 00:33:48,235 MANY OTHERS WHO EITHER SUPPORTED 833 00:33:48,235 --> 00:33:51,638 JOHN OR WORKED CLOSELY WITH HIM 834 00:33:51,638 --> 00:33:53,707 AND WHOSE WORK, AS I'VE SAID, 835 00:33:53,707 --> 00:33:57,177 I'VE HEARD ABOUT OVER AND OVER 836 00:33:57,177 --> 00:34:00,847 AGAIN, PEOPLE LIKE PAUL 837 00:34:00,847 --> 00:34:03,550 GLIMSHER, TEAM FERRIS, ERICA 838 00:34:03,550 --> 00:34:07,053 DUNCAN, ADAM WALKON, JENNIFER 839 00:34:07,053 --> 00:34:09,289 McNEELY, BOB LYNNBLAD AND MANY 840 00:34:09,289 --> 00:34:12,726 OTHERS AT MS AND CHARLIE 841 00:34:12,726 --> 00:34:16,096 MARMYRRH AND BOB GROSSMAN. 842 00:34:16,096 --> 00:34:18,665 SO AS SOME OF YOU KNOW, JOHN'S 843 00:34:18,665 --> 00:34:20,667 CAREER HAS BEEN SUPPORTED BY NIH 844 00:34:20,667 --> 00:34:24,170 AND THE V.A. FOR FULLY 50 YEARS 845 00:34:24,170 --> 00:34:26,306 WITH HIS FIRST INDEPENDENT AWARD 846 00:34:26,306 --> 00:34:29,876 BEING AN RO-3 GRANT AWARDED IN 847 00:34:29,876 --> 00:34:31,611 1976. 848 00:34:31,611 --> 00:34:34,748 AND I KNOW FROM MANY 849 00:34:34,748 --> 00:34:36,249 CONVERSATIONS HOW GRATEFUL HE IS 850 00:34:36,249 --> 00:34:39,753 FOR THAT ENDURING SUPPORT, AND 851 00:34:39,753 --> 00:34:43,356 ESPECIALLY FOR THE CONSTANT 852 00:34:43,356 --> 00:34:45,425 ADVOCACY AND FRIENDSHIP FROM 853 00:34:45,425 --> 00:34:46,226 NORA AND BETTY. 854 00:34:46,226 --> 00:34:49,462 IN CLOSING, I'LL ADD THAT THIS 855 00:34:49,462 --> 00:34:51,731 MUST BE CLOSE TO TWO DOZEN 856 00:34:51,731 --> 00:34:54,668 COUNCIL SESSIONS FOR JOHN AT 857 00:34:54,668 --> 00:34:57,003 NIMH AND NIDA AND QUITE FRANKLY 858 00:34:57,003 --> 00:34:59,372 ALSO FOR ME AT NID, BUT IT'S THE 859 00:34:59,372 --> 00:35:03,176 ONLY ONE WE'VE EVER PARTICIPATED 860 00:35:03,176 --> 00:35:04,945 IN TOGETHER, SO THANK YOU FOR 861 00:35:04,945 --> 00:35:05,879 RECOGNIZING JOHN TODAY AND 862 00:35:05,879 --> 00:35:07,180 GIVING ME THE OPPORTUNITY TO SAY 863 00:35:07,180 --> 00:35:09,916 A FEW WORDS AND TO CELEBRATE HIS 864 00:35:09,916 --> 00:35:13,420 ACCOMPLISHMENTS WITH YOU. 865 00:35:13,420 --> 00:35:23,897 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DAN. 866 00:35:28,735 --> 00:35:30,437 I DON'T SEE ANYONE ELSE THAT 867 00:35:30,437 --> 00:35:35,742 WANTS TO SAY ANY OTHER WORDS AT 868 00:35:35,742 --> 00:35:36,776 THIS TIME. 869 00:35:36,776 --> 00:35:38,878 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME? 870 00:35:38,878 --> 00:35:39,579 >> YES. 871 00:35:39,579 --> 00:35:44,050 >> YES, I JUST WANT TO SAY HI 872 00:35:44,050 --> 00:35:49,823 AND THANKS A MILLION. 873 00:35:49,823 --> 00:35:52,626 DANNY, NORA, EVERYBODY -- 874 00:35:52,626 --> 00:35:54,394 LITERALLY EVERYBODY THAT'S 875 00:35:54,394 --> 00:35:56,930 SPOKEN TODAY, AND THE DOZENS OR 876 00:35:56,930 --> 00:35:59,099 HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVEN'T 877 00:35:59,099 --> 00:36:01,901 SPOKEN TODAY, BUT HAVE 878 00:36:01,901 --> 00:36:03,036 CONTRIBUTED AND HAVE REALLY 879 00:36:03,036 --> 00:36:04,904 TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF THE WORK THAT 880 00:36:04,904 --> 00:36:06,306 WE'VE DONE TOGETHER. 881 00:36:06,306 --> 00:36:08,942 I'M SORRY THAT THE SCHEDULING 882 00:36:08,942 --> 00:36:11,077 FOR THIS WAS PUSHED BACK A 883 00:36:11,077 --> 00:36:12,612 LITTLE BIT, BUT THAT'S AS BEST 884 00:36:12,612 --> 00:36:15,281 AS WE COULD DO, AND STILL GET 885 00:36:15,281 --> 00:36:18,785 THE NUMBER OF HOURS THAT WE 886 00:36:18,785 --> 00:36:19,019 WANTED. 887 00:36:19,019 --> 00:36:22,122 AND THE OTHER PERSON THAT I'D 888 00:36:22,122 --> 00:36:29,696 REALLY LIKE TO THANK IS PATSY 889 00:36:29,696 --> 00:36:35,735 MELBO WHO... 890 00:36:35,735 --> 00:36:37,537 >> I THINK WE LOST JOHN. 891 00:36:37,537 --> 00:36:40,674 >> ARE THEY MUTED? 892 00:36:40,674 --> 00:36:42,342 >> NOBODY IS HEARING ME? 893 00:36:42,342 --> 00:36:42,842 >> NOW WE ARE. 894 00:36:42,842 --> 00:36:44,811 >> NO, WE LOST YOU FOR A SECOND. 895 00:36:44,811 --> 00:36:46,012 >> OH, OKAY. 896 00:36:46,012 --> 00:36:47,981 WELL, A SECOND ISN'T A LOT. 897 00:36:47,981 --> 00:36:51,918 [ LAUGHTER ] 898 00:36:51,918 --> 00:36:53,553 BUT HERE WE ARE AND AGAIN, I 899 00:36:53,553 --> 00:36:56,423 JUST WANT TO REPEAT EVERYTHING 900 00:36:56,423 --> 00:36:58,558 THAT I'VE BEEN ABLE TO TELL 901 00:36:58,558 --> 00:37:01,995 EVERYBODY FOR THE LAST 25 YEARS, 902 00:37:01,995 --> 00:37:04,631 30 YEARS, WHATEVER TIME A FRIEND 903 00:37:04,631 --> 00:37:07,734 HAS BEEN AND WE'VE JUST HAD A 904 00:37:07,734 --> 00:37:09,736 REALLY WONDERFUL TIME. 905 00:37:09,736 --> 00:37:12,539 HOW EXCITING IT IS TO BRING ALL 906 00:37:12,539 --> 00:37:15,041 THESE PEOPLE TOGETHER AND THINK 907 00:37:15,041 --> 00:37:17,711 CREATIVELY AND THINK ABOUT NEW 908 00:37:17,711 --> 00:37:18,078 APPROACHES. 909 00:37:18,078 --> 00:37:20,613 ON MY WAY HERE, I PICKED UP 910 00:37:20,613 --> 00:37:23,216 BRIAN McCORMICK. 911 00:37:23,216 --> 00:37:26,786 WE DROVE OVER TO BELLEVUE, 912 00:37:26,786 --> 00:37:28,655 PICKED UP CLOSE TO 100 SAMPLES 913 00:37:28,655 --> 00:37:31,391 AND WORK THAT HE'S DONE AT 914 00:37:31,391 --> 00:37:32,926 BELLEVUE, EMERGENCY ROOM AND 915 00:37:32,926 --> 00:37:36,162 BROUGHT THEM DOWN TO -- WELL, 916 00:37:36,162 --> 00:37:37,630 LITERALLY, THIS IS TRUE. 917 00:37:37,630 --> 00:37:38,865 BROUGHT THEM -- YEAH. 918 00:37:38,865 --> 00:37:41,101 BROUGHT THEM DOWN TO THE V.A. 919 00:37:41,101 --> 00:37:45,371 AND THEN FROM THERE, CONTINUED 920 00:37:45,371 --> 00:37:46,706 DRIVING IN TOWARD SOUTHERN NEW 921 00:37:46,706 --> 00:37:47,173 JERSEY. 922 00:37:47,173 --> 00:37:48,575 >> I THINK THEY NEED TO CARRY ON 923 00:37:48,575 --> 00:37:50,410 WITH THE COUNCIL MEETING NOW, 924 00:37:50,410 --> 00:37:50,610 JOHN. 925 00:37:50,610 --> 00:37:51,745 YOU WANT TO SAY GOODBYE. 926 00:37:51,745 --> 00:37:54,614 >> YES, GOODBYE AND THANK YOU 927 00:37:54,614 --> 00:37:55,215 AGAIN, EVERYBODY. 928 00:37:55,215 --> 00:37:58,151 >> JOHN, NICE HEARING YOU. 929 00:37:58,151 --> 00:37:58,885 AND CONGRATULATIONS. 930 00:37:58,885 --> 00:38:00,754 IT'S REALLY A FANTASTIC WHAT 931 00:38:00,754 --> 00:38:01,988 YOU'VE DONE. 932 00:38:01,988 --> 00:38:03,857 I HOPE YOU REALIZE HOW IMPACTFUL 933 00:38:03,857 --> 00:38:10,263 YOU HAVE BEEN. 934 00:38:10,263 --> 00:38:12,232 >> AND IT'S REALLY BEEN AN 935 00:38:12,232 --> 00:38:14,234 EXCITING OPPORTUNITY TO WORK 936 00:38:14,234 --> 00:38:16,336 WITH PEOPLE IN SO MANY DIFFERENT 937 00:38:16,336 --> 00:38:18,805 PSYCHIATRIC AND MEDICAL SETTINGS 938 00:38:18,805 --> 00:38:21,307 AND SEE THE WORK ACCOMPLISHED ON 939 00:38:21,307 --> 00:38:24,310 AN HOUR-BY-HOUR, DAY-BY-DAY 940 00:38:24,310 --> 00:38:26,279 APPROACH THAT I THINK HAS MADE A 941 00:38:26,279 --> 00:38:28,348 BIG DIFFERENCE IN PATIENTS 942 00:38:28,348 --> 00:38:29,449 COMING TO THE EMERGENCY 943 00:38:29,449 --> 00:38:33,586 DEPARTMENT, PATIENTS COMING TO 944 00:38:33,586 --> 00:38:39,459 THE CLINICS AND FOR STEVE FERRIS 945 00:38:39,459 --> 00:38:41,961 AND A NUMBER OF OTHER PEOPLE, 946 00:38:41,961 --> 00:38:43,429 REALLY SHOULD GET THE CREDIT FOR 947 00:38:43,429 --> 00:38:45,265 WORK THAT'S BEEN DONE IN ALL 948 00:38:45,265 --> 00:38:45,932 THESE DIFFERENT MEDICAL 949 00:38:45,932 --> 00:38:46,266 SETTINGS. 950 00:38:46,266 --> 00:38:48,868 SO WITH THAT, I THINK I'D LIKE 951 00:38:48,868 --> 00:38:51,738 TO GET OFF AND THANK YOU ALL 952 00:38:51,738 --> 00:38:53,740 ONCE AGAIN. 953 00:38:53,740 --> 00:38:56,876 >> JOHN, THANKS. 954 00:38:56,876 --> 00:38:59,746 I'M SO GLAD TO HEAR FROM YOU. 955 00:38:59,746 --> 00:39:04,417 >> YES. 956 00:39:04,417 --> 00:39:11,758 >> WE SEND YOU OUR VIRTUAL KISS, 957 00:39:11,758 --> 00:39:16,062 JOHN. 958 00:39:16,062 --> 00:39:20,300 >> OKAY, I THINK OUR NEXT PART 959 00:39:20,300 --> 00:39:21,501 OF THE -- AND ANYBODY IS WELCOME 960 00:39:21,501 --> 00:39:25,672 TO STAY THAT'S ON IF YOU'RE 961 00:39:25,672 --> 00:39:26,606 INTERESTED. 962 00:39:26,606 --> 00:39:28,174 IT'S GOING TO BE NORA'S UPDATE 963 00:39:28,174 --> 00:39:28,741 TO COUNCIL. 964 00:39:28,741 --> 00:39:31,578 >> SO WE GO DIRECTLY INTO NORA'S 965 00:39:31,578 --> 00:39:32,378 UPDATE. 966 00:39:32,378 --> 00:39:32,846 >> WE DO. 967 00:39:32,846 --> 00:39:33,813 >> OKAY. 968 00:39:33,813 --> 00:39:36,482 THE TABLE IS GOING UP. 969 00:39:36,482 --> 00:39:40,587 SO I NEED TO START THIS. 970 00:39:40,587 --> 00:39:45,792 SO JOHN IS RIGHT OFF AND AFTER 971 00:39:45,792 --> 00:39:48,361 THIS WONDERFUL RECOGNITION OF 972 00:39:48,361 --> 00:39:51,064 JOHN'S WORK, IT'S A GREAT 973 00:39:51,064 --> 00:39:52,665 EXAMPLE, AND I SAY IN TERMS OF 974 00:39:52,665 --> 00:39:54,400 WHAT WE DO, I ALWAYS SAY WHEN 975 00:39:54,400 --> 00:39:55,902 PEOPLE SAY, WHAT IS YOUR JOB, 976 00:39:55,902 --> 00:39:58,938 AND I ALWAYS SAY, MY JOB IS 977 00:39:58,938 --> 00:40:00,006 VERY, VERY EASY. 978 00:40:00,006 --> 00:40:03,276 AND I NEED TO IDENTIFY GOOD 979 00:40:03,276 --> 00:40:05,144 RESEARCHERS AND GET THEM 980 00:40:05,144 --> 00:40:06,012 INVOLVED IN SUBSTANCE USE AND 981 00:40:06,012 --> 00:40:08,514 DRUG ADVANCES, AND THEY ACTUALLY 982 00:40:08,514 --> 00:40:10,884 CARRY ON AND MAKE THE WORK. 983 00:40:10,884 --> 00:40:13,887 SO WHAT NIDA DOES IS, OF COURSE, 984 00:40:13,887 --> 00:40:16,389 TO FACILITATE THEIR ABILITY TO 985 00:40:16,389 --> 00:40:19,259 USE THEIR CREATIVITY TO ACTUALLY 986 00:40:19,259 --> 00:40:21,928 TRANSFORM THE PROCESS BY WHICH 987 00:40:21,928 --> 00:40:24,898 WE PREVENT SUBSTANCE USE AND WE 988 00:40:24,898 --> 00:40:27,967 TREAT IT AND WE ULTIMATELY 989 00:40:27,967 --> 00:40:31,838 ACTUALLY CAN RECOVER FROM IT, IN 990 00:40:31,838 --> 00:40:34,240 THAT BECOMING ADDICTED TO DRUGS. 991 00:40:34,240 --> 00:40:36,676 SO THAT'S OUR JOB AND I THINK 992 00:40:36,676 --> 00:40:37,644 WITH JOHN, CERTAINLY WE HAVE 993 00:40:37,644 --> 00:40:38,244 BEEN SUCCESSFUL. 994 00:40:38,244 --> 00:40:41,915 NOW, TODAY AS I MENTIONED, IS 995 00:40:41,915 --> 00:40:44,183 THE 150th SESSION FOR NIDA, BUT 996 00:40:44,183 --> 00:40:46,419 IT'S THE FIRST TIME I'M GOING TO 997 00:40:46,419 --> 00:40:47,754 BE USING TEAMS. 998 00:40:47,754 --> 00:40:51,991 SO YOU HAVE TO WORK WITH ME IN 999 00:40:51,991 --> 00:40:53,426 THE SHARED MECHANISM DOESN'T 1000 00:40:53,426 --> 00:40:54,894 WORK PROPERLY, SO I'M GOING TO 1001 00:40:54,894 --> 00:40:56,129 JUMP INTO MY SHARE MECHANISM AND 1002 00:40:56,129 --> 00:41:01,334 I HOPE THAT THE SHARE -- AMIE 1003 00:41:01,334 --> 00:41:03,603 GOD -- OH MY GOD, IT LOOKS VERY, 1004 00:41:03,603 --> 00:41:05,004 VERY DIFFERENT FROM ANYTHING 1005 00:41:05,004 --> 00:41:06,739 I'VE EVEN MY LIFE. 1006 00:41:06,739 --> 00:41:08,942 GUYS, THIS IS NOT GOOD. 1007 00:41:08,942 --> 00:41:10,310 >> YOU WANT JOANNE TO SHARE. 1008 00:41:10,310 --> 00:41:11,945 >> WELL, ONE SECOND. 1009 00:41:11,945 --> 00:41:14,314 I'M NOT -- SO I DON'T GIVE UP 1010 00:41:14,314 --> 00:41:14,547 EASILY. 1011 00:41:14,547 --> 00:41:16,049 CAN YOU SEE ME? 1012 00:41:16,049 --> 00:41:18,384 CAN YOU SEE THE SCREEN? 1013 00:41:18,384 --> 00:41:20,253 >> YEAH, EXCEPT WE SEE A WHOLE 1014 00:41:20,253 --> 00:41:21,120 LOT OF OTHER STUFF. 1015 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:23,690 >> CAN YOU SEE THE OTHER STUFF? 1016 00:41:23,690 --> 00:41:24,524 >> THAT'S PERFECT. 1017 00:41:24,524 --> 00:41:26,192 >> HOW DO WE GET RID OF THIS 1018 00:41:26,192 --> 00:41:26,993 LITTLE THING THAT'S IN THE 1019 00:41:26,993 --> 00:41:27,961 MIDDLE OF IT? 1020 00:41:27,961 --> 00:41:29,662 OKAY, THAT'S IT, PERFECT, NORA. 1021 00:41:29,662 --> 00:41:31,064 >> OKAY, TEAMS WORK. 1022 00:41:31,064 --> 00:41:34,167 SO LET ME JUMP IN RIGHT AWAY. 1023 00:41:34,167 --> 00:41:37,003 AND FIRST OF ALL, BECAUSE WE 1024 00:41:37,003 --> 00:41:38,838 DIDN'T HAVE OUR OPEN COUNCIL 1025 00:41:38,838 --> 00:41:41,374 SESSION IN JANUARY, I'M GOING TO 1026 00:41:41,374 --> 00:41:43,977 TRY TO COVER SOME OF THE KEY 1027 00:41:43,977 --> 00:41:45,745 POINTS THAT HAVE HAPPENED SINCE 1028 00:41:45,745 --> 00:41:47,580 THEN AS WELL AS ACTUALLY SOME OF 1029 00:41:47,580 --> 00:41:52,051 THE MOST PRESSING ISSUES IN OUR 1030 00:41:52,051 --> 00:41:52,485 SCIENCE. 1031 00:41:52,485 --> 00:41:57,090 I WOULD SAY THAT VERY, VERY 1032 00:41:57,090 --> 00:41:58,891 RELEVANT CHANGE AT THE NIH 1033 00:41:58,891 --> 00:42:02,628 HAPPENED WHEN WE HAD ON NOVEMBER 1034 00:42:02,628 --> 00:42:05,732 26th THE PRESIDENT-ELECT DONALD 1035 00:42:05,732 --> 00:42:08,301 TRUMP NOMINATE DR. JAY 1036 00:42:08,301 --> 00:42:09,235 BHATTACHARYA FROM STANFORD 1037 00:42:09,235 --> 00:42:11,037 UNIVERSITY TO BE THE 18th NIH 1038 00:42:11,037 --> 00:42:11,337 DIRECTOR. 1039 00:42:11,337 --> 00:42:14,107 AND HE WAS CONFIRMED BY THE U.S. 1040 00:42:14,107 --> 00:42:17,910 SENATE ON MARCH 25th, AND HE 1041 00:42:17,910 --> 00:42:19,746 BECAME -- HE PHYSICALLY STARTED 1042 00:42:19,746 --> 00:42:23,616 AS A DIRECTOR OF NIH ON APRIL 1043 00:42:23,616 --> 00:42:28,454 1st, AND HE BASICALLY TOOK OVER, 1044 00:42:28,454 --> 00:42:31,457 REPLACING DR. MATTHEW MEMOLI, 1045 00:42:31,457 --> 00:42:34,660 WHO HAD BEEN THE ACTING NIH 1046 00:42:34,660 --> 00:42:39,232 DIRECTOR SINCE JANUARY 22nd, AND 1047 00:42:39,232 --> 00:42:42,368 WHO HAS BEEN NOW FROM MY 1048 00:42:42,368 --> 00:42:44,170 UNDERSTANDING, AN INTRAMURAL 1049 00:42:44,170 --> 00:42:45,271 INVESTIGATORS ABOUT THAT IS 1050 00:42:45,271 --> 00:42:46,305 OBVIOUSLY EXTREMELY IMPORTANT 1051 00:42:46,305 --> 00:42:47,673 VIS IS AN IS AN ALL THE SCIENCE 1052 00:42:47,673 --> 00:42:49,675 THAT IS GOING ON AT NIH, 1053 00:42:49,675 --> 00:42:53,179 INCLUDING THAT OF NIDA. 1054 00:42:53,179 --> 00:42:55,081 AND HIS BACKGROUND IS ON HEALTH 1055 00:42:55,081 --> 00:42:56,949 ECONOMICS, WHICH IS ACTUALLY 1056 00:42:56,949 --> 00:42:58,384 SOMETHING THAT IS VERY 1057 00:42:58,384 --> 00:42:59,419 FUNDAMENTAL FOR WHAT WE DO 1058 00:42:59,419 --> 00:43:01,087 BECAUSE IN AS MUCH AS WE CAN 1059 00:43:01,087 --> 00:43:03,423 COME UP WITH INCREDIBLE FINDINGS 1060 00:43:03,423 --> 00:43:05,458 AND TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, 1061 00:43:05,458 --> 00:43:07,727 IF WE DO NOT CONSIDER THE 1062 00:43:07,727 --> 00:43:09,362 SUSTAINABILITY AND THE COST OF 1063 00:43:09,362 --> 00:43:10,963 THOSE AND THE MECHANISM BY WHICH 1064 00:43:10,963 --> 00:43:12,832 WE CAN ACTUALLY COVER FOR THEM, 1065 00:43:12,832 --> 00:43:15,735 THEN THE IMPACT THAT WE HAVE IS 1066 00:43:15,735 --> 00:43:17,737 VERY LIMITED. 1067 00:43:17,737 --> 00:43:21,474 NOW, AS IT RELATES TO FUNDING 1068 00:43:21,474 --> 00:43:23,409 FOR THE INSTITUTE, WE HAVE BEEN 1069 00:43:23,409 --> 00:43:24,944 ON A CONTINUING RESOLUTION, SO 1070 00:43:24,944 --> 00:43:26,946 THAT MEANS THAT THE BUDGET THAT 1071 00:43:26,946 --> 00:43:29,115 WE HAVE OPERATING RIGHT NOW IN 1072 00:43:29,115 --> 00:43:31,084 2025 ARE THE SAME THAT WE HAD IN 1073 00:43:31,084 --> 00:43:33,686 2024 AND ARE THE SAME THAT WE 1074 00:43:33,686 --> 00:43:36,589 HAD ON 2023. 1075 00:43:36,589 --> 00:43:45,731 AND THAT IS APPROXIMATELY 1, 1076 00:43:45,731 --> 00:43:46,566 1,663,000. 1077 00:43:46,566 --> 00:43:48,401 YOU SEE THREE ROWS, AND THE 1078 00:43:48,401 --> 00:43:51,137 REASON WHY WE DIVIDE IS THAT THE 1079 00:43:51,137 --> 00:43:53,439 ALLOCATION BY CONGRESS WAS 1080 00:43:53,439 --> 00:43:56,109 SPECIFICALLY TARGETED TOWARDS 1081 00:43:56,109 --> 00:43:57,276 ADVANCING SCIENCE THAT CAN 1082 00:43:57,276 --> 00:44:01,180 DEVELOP SOLUTIONS TO ADDRESS THE 1083 00:44:01,180 --> 00:44:04,750 URGENCY OF THE OVERDOSE CRISIS, 1084 00:44:04,750 --> 00:44:06,686 WHICH WHILE IS DOMINANTLY DRIVEN 1085 00:44:06,686 --> 00:44:10,223 BY OPIOIDS, HAS BECOME 1086 00:44:10,223 --> 00:44:11,524 INCREASINGLY MORE COMPLEX AND 1087 00:44:11,524 --> 00:44:13,292 ENGAGED WITH MORE AND MORE 1088 00:44:13,292 --> 00:44:14,393 SUBSTANCES BECAUSE THERE ARE A 1089 00:44:14,393 --> 00:44:16,162 VERY LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT 1090 00:44:16,162 --> 00:44:17,697 DIE EVERY SINGLE YEAR FROM THESE 1091 00:44:17,697 --> 00:44:20,166 OVERDOSES, THERE IS A LEVEL OF 1092 00:44:20,166 --> 00:44:22,168 URGENCY OF ACCELERATING 1093 00:44:22,168 --> 00:44:24,570 INTERVENTIONS, AND THAT'S WHY WE 1094 00:44:24,570 --> 00:44:27,373 ACTUALLY IDENTIFY THEM AS SUCH, 1095 00:44:27,373 --> 00:44:27,640 SEPARATED. 1096 00:44:27,640 --> 00:44:31,744 THE BUDGET THAT WE GET, THAT IS 1097 00:44:31,744 --> 00:44:34,180 ALLOCATED UNDER THAT HEAL IS 1098 00:44:34,180 --> 00:44:35,948 APPROXIMATELY 21% OF OUR TOTAL 1099 00:44:35,948 --> 00:44:38,151 BUDGET, WHICH MEANS THAT THE 1100 00:44:38,151 --> 00:44:39,051 REST IS 79%. 1101 00:44:39,051 --> 00:44:43,122 I MEAN, THE REST OF NIDA, OF 1102 00:44:43,122 --> 00:44:46,025 COURSE, ADDRESSES THE VARIOUS 1103 00:44:46,025 --> 00:44:49,028 ASPECTS AND VARIOUS COMPONENTS 1104 00:44:49,028 --> 00:44:54,033 OF SCIENCE THAT FROM THE VERY 1105 00:44:54,033 --> 00:44:55,468 BASIC CLINICAL ADDICTION IN 1106 00:44:55,468 --> 00:44:56,702 GENERAL, INCLUDING OPIOID 1107 00:44:56,702 --> 00:44:58,671 DISORDERS, BUT WE WANT TO 1108 00:44:58,671 --> 00:45:01,641 HIGHLIGHT TO A CERTAIN EXTENT 1109 00:45:01,641 --> 00:45:06,112 THAT THE NEED, THE URGENCY, THE 1110 00:45:06,112 --> 00:45:09,582 TIMELINESS OF ADVANCES IS LIKELY 1111 00:45:09,582 --> 00:45:10,816 DIFFERENT BECAUSE IN THE HEAL 1112 00:45:10,816 --> 00:45:13,219 INITIATIVE, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, 1113 00:45:13,219 --> 00:45:15,087 WE TOTALLY DON'T HAVE THE LUXURY 1114 00:45:15,087 --> 00:45:15,955 OF TIME. 1115 00:45:15,955 --> 00:45:18,057 SO THAT IS -- THERE'S ONE OF THE 1116 00:45:18,057 --> 00:45:19,725 COMPONENTS THAT IS AT THE 1117 00:45:19,725 --> 00:45:22,862 ESSENCE OF THIS DISTINCTION. 1118 00:45:22,862 --> 00:45:24,197 SO WE'VE BEEN STRUGGLING IN 1119 00:45:24,197 --> 00:45:26,065 TERMS OF HOW DO WE COMMUNICATE 1120 00:45:26,065 --> 00:45:28,868 THIS IN WAYS THAT RESEARCHERS 1121 00:45:28,868 --> 00:45:30,670 AND THE REVIEW COMMITTEES CAN 1122 00:45:30,670 --> 00:45:33,272 LOOK AT THE APPLICATIONS THAT 1123 00:45:33,272 --> 00:45:37,777 ARE BEING PUT FORTH ON 1124 00:45:37,777 --> 00:45:38,878 DETERMINING THE CORRECT 1125 00:45:38,878 --> 00:45:40,012 UTILIZATION, THE EFFICIENT 1126 00:45:40,012 --> 00:45:41,080 UTILIZATION OF THE HEAL FUNDING 1127 00:45:41,080 --> 00:45:44,784 IN THE WAYS THAT ARE LIKELY TO 1128 00:45:44,784 --> 00:45:46,219 RESULT IN BETTER ACTUALLY 1129 00:45:46,219 --> 00:45:48,921 PRODUCTS OR SOLUTIONS. 1130 00:45:48,921 --> 00:45:52,358 SO WE FINALLY ARE ACTUALLY 1131 00:45:52,358 --> 00:45:55,194 RELEASING OUR BASIC COMMENTS AT 1132 00:45:55,194 --> 00:45:56,696 THIS POINT, THE STRATEGIC PLAN 1133 00:45:56,696 --> 00:45:58,698 FOR THE HEAL COMPONENT THAT IS 1134 00:45:58,698 --> 00:46:00,533 RELATED TO ADDRESSING OPIOID USE 1135 00:46:00,533 --> 00:46:03,035 DISORDERS AND OVERDOSES. 1136 00:46:03,035 --> 00:46:05,671 NOW, OVERALL, YOU SEE TWO 1137 00:46:05,671 --> 00:46:06,672 OBJECTIVES. 1138 00:46:06,672 --> 00:46:09,375 OBJECTIVE 1 AND OBJECTIVE 2, AND 1139 00:46:09,375 --> 00:46:11,244 OBJECTIVE 1, WHICH IS THE 1140 00:46:11,244 --> 00:46:13,246 SKELETON OF WHAT WE ACTUALLY 1141 00:46:13,246 --> 00:46:14,981 LEADS TO EVERYTHING ELSE, IS THE 1142 00:46:14,981 --> 00:46:16,415 ADVANCE RESEARCH ON PREVENTION 1143 00:46:16,415 --> 00:46:18,718 AND TREATMENT, AND I WOULD SAY 1144 00:46:18,718 --> 00:46:21,654 NOW OF RECOVERY OF OPIOID USE 1145 00:46:21,654 --> 00:46:21,921 DISORDERS. 1146 00:46:21,921 --> 00:46:24,890 AND INCLUDING ALSO OVERDOSES. 1147 00:46:24,890 --> 00:46:27,393 AND AS I WILL GO ALONG IN THE 1148 00:46:27,393 --> 00:46:29,929 TALK, IT ALSO NOW BASICALLY 1149 00:46:29,929 --> 00:46:31,764 EMPHASIZES THAT EVEN THOUGH WE 1150 00:46:31,764 --> 00:46:34,400 CALL IT THE OPIOID CRISIS, THE 1151 00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:36,936 OVERDOSE CRISIS, IT IS REALLY 1152 00:46:36,936 --> 00:46:38,938 MORE AND MORE A POLY SUBSTANCE 1153 00:46:38,938 --> 00:46:40,940 OVERDOSE CRISIS AND MORE AND 1154 00:46:40,940 --> 00:46:43,342 MORE WE'RE SEEING MULTIPLE 1155 00:46:43,342 --> 00:46:46,078 SUBSTANCES BEING MIXED. 1156 00:46:46,078 --> 00:46:47,713 BUT THE OTHER COMPONENT, 1157 00:46:47,713 --> 00:46:49,649 OBJECTIVE 2 IN GREEN, WHICH 1158 00:46:49,649 --> 00:46:51,417 DERIVES FROM THE BLUE ONE, IS 1159 00:46:51,417 --> 00:46:54,086 ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE 1160 00:46:54,086 --> 00:46:59,292 THAT HAVE COMORBID CONDITIONS 1161 00:46:59,292 --> 00:47:01,060 THAT INTERSECT OPIOID USE 1162 00:47:01,060 --> 00:47:01,694 DISORDER WITH CHRONIC PAIN 1163 00:47:01,694 --> 00:47:04,130 BECAUSE CHRONIC PAIN AND THE 1164 00:47:04,130 --> 00:47:05,731 OTHER RELIANCE ON OPIOIDS WHAT 1165 00:47:05,731 --> 00:47:07,733 IS STARTED THE OVERDOSE CRISIS 1166 00:47:07,733 --> 00:47:09,368 AND EVEN THOUGH YOU WILL SEE 1167 00:47:09,368 --> 00:47:10,403 LATER ON THAT ACTUALLY THE 1168 00:47:10,403 --> 00:47:15,107 NUMBER OF PEOPLE DYING FROM 1169 00:47:15,107 --> 00:47:19,045 OPIOID AND NAM ANALGESICS IS 1170 00:47:19,045 --> 00:47:19,745 GOING DOWN SIGNIFICANT AND 1171 00:47:19,745 --> 00:47:22,982 CONTINUES TO DO SO, THE REALITY 1172 00:47:22,982 --> 00:47:24,116 IS PEOPLE THAT HAVE SEVERE 1173 00:47:24,116 --> 00:47:26,385 CHRONIC PAIN, IF THEY ARE NOT 1174 00:47:26,385 --> 00:47:27,486 PROVIDED EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION 1175 00:47:27,486 --> 00:47:28,788 FOR MANAGING THEIR PAIN, THEY 1176 00:47:28,788 --> 00:47:34,994 WILL GO OUT TO DRUGS TO TRY TO 1177 00:47:34,994 --> 00:47:35,594 SELF-MEDICATE. 1178 00:47:35,594 --> 00:47:37,363 THAT PUTS THEM IN CONSTANT, 1179 00:47:37,363 --> 00:47:39,031 CONSTANT RISK, AND THE OTHER 1180 00:47:39,031 --> 00:47:41,500 REALITY IS THAT THE KEY 1181 00:47:41,500 --> 00:47:42,201 MORBIDITY OF THESE CONDITIONS IS 1182 00:47:42,201 --> 00:47:44,103 VERY HIGH AND AS YOU THINK ABOUT 1183 00:47:44,103 --> 00:47:47,473 WHAT EXACTLY, ONE OF THE MOST 1184 00:47:47,473 --> 00:47:49,508 CHALLENGING ISSUES THAT ONE HAS 1185 00:47:49,508 --> 00:47:53,045 TO DEAL WITH THE SOMEONE THAT 1186 00:47:53,045 --> 00:47:54,880 HAS A SEVERE OPIOID DISORDER AND 1187 00:47:54,880 --> 00:47:57,616 HAS SEVERE CHRONIC PAIN AND IS 1188 00:47:57,616 --> 00:47:59,051 DEPENDENT ON THEIR OPIATE 1189 00:47:59,051 --> 00:48:00,186 ANALGESICS AND NOTHING ELSE 1190 00:48:00,186 --> 00:48:02,822 SEEMS TO ACTUALLY IMPROVE THEIR 1191 00:48:02,822 --> 00:48:03,122 OUTCOMES. 1192 00:48:03,122 --> 00:48:04,790 IT'S INCREDIBLY HARD TO NAVIGATE 1193 00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:08,661 THAT AND TO HELP THOSE PATIENTS. 1194 00:48:08,661 --> 00:48:11,597 SO BEING ABLE TO BRING 1195 00:48:11,597 --> 00:48:12,298 SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS WITH 1196 00:48:12,298 --> 00:48:12,832 CLINICAL TRIALS. 1197 00:48:12,832 --> 00:48:15,134 SO THOSE ARE THE TWO MAIN 1198 00:48:15,134 --> 00:48:17,136 OBJECTIVES AND YOU SEE FIVE 1199 00:48:17,136 --> 00:48:19,271 CIRCLES THERE THAT IDENTIFY THE 1200 00:48:19,271 --> 00:48:23,976 FIVE CORE ELEMENTS THAT WE ARE 1201 00:48:23,976 --> 00:48:24,744 CATEGORIZING RESEARCH 1202 00:48:24,744 --> 00:48:25,044 PRIORITIES. 1203 00:48:25,044 --> 00:48:26,879 NUMBER ONE, DEVELOP AND TEST 1204 00:48:26,879 --> 00:48:29,982 NOVEL PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND 1205 00:48:29,982 --> 00:48:31,584 RECOVERY STRATEGIES. 1206 00:48:31,584 --> 00:48:34,353 SO, I MEAN, WE'VE BEEN VERY 1207 00:48:34,353 --> 00:48:35,287 CAREFUL TO SAY NOT JUST ACTUALLY 1208 00:48:35,287 --> 00:48:38,357 GOING TO THE BASICS ON THE 1209 00:48:38,357 --> 00:48:41,227 MENTAL UNDERSTANDING, WE WANT TO 1210 00:48:41,227 --> 00:48:44,063 ACTUALLY, BASICS FROM THE MENTAL 1211 00:48:44,063 --> 00:48:45,831 UNDERSTANDING, WE RECOGNIZE ITS 1212 00:48:45,831 --> 00:48:46,766 VALUE, BUT FOR THE HEAL 1213 00:48:46,766 --> 00:48:48,033 INITIATIVE, WE WANT TO BE ABLE 1214 00:48:48,033 --> 00:48:52,471 TO COME AT WITH SOLUTIONS. 1215 00:48:52,471 --> 00:48:53,806 SIMILARLY, WE ARE IDENTIFYING 1216 00:48:53,806 --> 00:48:55,741 THE NEED FOR MUCH MORE WORK TO 1217 00:48:55,741 --> 00:48:57,476 ADVANCE RESEARCH ON POLY 1218 00:48:57,476 --> 00:48:59,211 SUBSTANCE USE, POLY SUBSTANCE 1219 00:48:59,211 --> 00:49:02,415 USE DISORDER, AND POLY SUBSTANCE 1220 00:49:02,415 --> 00:49:04,683 USE OVERDOSES BECAUSE IN THE 1221 00:49:04,683 --> 00:49:06,419 PAST, MOST OF THE RESEARCH THAT 1222 00:49:06,419 --> 00:49:10,689 HAS BEEN DONE, BOTH CLINICAL AND 1223 00:49:10,689 --> 00:49:12,124 PRECLINICAL, HAVE FOCUSED ON ONE 1224 00:49:12,124 --> 00:49:13,492 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER OR ONE 1225 00:49:13,492 --> 00:49:14,527 DRUG BY ITSELF. 1226 00:49:14,527 --> 00:49:18,130 AND THERE'S RELATIVELY LIMITED 1227 00:49:18,130 --> 00:49:20,633 DATA ON DRUG INTERACTIONS. 1228 00:49:20,633 --> 00:49:22,067 PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS, BUT ALSO 1229 00:49:22,067 --> 00:49:24,103 ON DRUG INTERACTIONS AS THEY 1230 00:49:24,103 --> 00:49:26,539 AFFECT OUR BRAIN. 1231 00:49:26,539 --> 00:49:28,474 THE OTHER ONE IS AS WE HAVE BEEN 1232 00:49:28,474 --> 00:49:30,142 NAVIGATING THE OVERDOSE CRISIS, 1233 00:49:30,142 --> 00:49:31,510 WE HAVE COME TO REALIZE THAT A 1234 00:49:31,510 --> 00:49:34,013 LOT OF THE ADVANCES AND 1235 00:49:34,013 --> 00:49:35,047 INTERVENTIONS HAVE STARTED AND 1236 00:49:35,047 --> 00:49:37,416 I'LL SHOW YOU THE NUMBERS, TO 1237 00:49:37,416 --> 00:49:38,150 YIELD FRUIT. 1238 00:49:38,150 --> 00:49:40,186 HAVE STARTED TO BEND THE CURVE. 1239 00:49:40,186 --> 00:49:42,488 BUT THAT BENDING THE KUSIVE HAS 1240 00:49:42,488 --> 00:49:46,492 NOT BEEN -- CURVE HAS NOT BEEN 1241 00:49:46,492 --> 00:49:47,460 HOMOGENEOUS AND WE'RE STILL 1242 00:49:47,460 --> 00:49:49,295 BEING BUCKETS OF COMMUNITIES 1243 00:49:49,295 --> 00:49:52,798 WHERE THE OVERDOSE CRISIS IS 1244 00:49:52,798 --> 00:49:54,300 ACTUALLY REAPING THE HIGHEST 1245 00:49:54,300 --> 00:49:55,734 LEVEL AND MUCH GREATER THAN THE 1246 00:49:55,734 --> 00:49:56,602 GENERAL POPULATION. 1247 00:49:56,602 --> 00:49:57,703 SO UNDERSTANDING WHAT ARE 1248 00:49:57,703 --> 00:49:59,171 ACTUALLY THE POPULATIONS AT RISK 1249 00:49:59,171 --> 00:50:00,739 AND WHY IS IT THAT EVEN THOUGH 1250 00:50:00,739 --> 00:50:02,975 OTHER PLACES ARE SEEING 1251 00:50:02,975 --> 00:50:06,712 REDUCTIONS, WE'RE NOT OBSERVING 1252 00:50:06,712 --> 00:50:07,713 THEM IS ANOTHER PRIORITY. 1253 00:50:07,713 --> 00:50:09,281 IT'S CLEAR, AND THIS IS 1254 00:50:09,281 --> 00:50:10,916 SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN 1255 00:50:10,916 --> 00:50:15,721 UNDERSTOOD ALL ALONG IN THE 1256 00:50:15,721 --> 00:50:16,755 CLINICAL CARE IN PSYCHIATRY 1257 00:50:16,755 --> 00:50:18,123 ABSOLUTELY AND PEOPLE WITH 1258 00:50:18,123 --> 00:50:19,725 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, IT IS 1259 00:50:19,725 --> 00:50:21,961 VERY RARE THAT SUBSTANCE USE 1260 00:50:21,961 --> 00:50:22,695 DISORDER ARE ISOLATED ENTITIES 1261 00:50:22,695 --> 00:50:24,964 AND MANY OF THEM, AND PATIENTS 1262 00:50:24,964 --> 00:50:27,333 WILL TELL YOU, THEY HAVE 1263 00:50:27,333 --> 00:50:28,100 PRE-EXISTING MENTAL DISORDER OR 1264 00:50:28,100 --> 00:50:29,535 A MEDICAL CONDITION THAT PUTS 1265 00:50:29,535 --> 00:50:33,472 THEM AT RISK, LIKE PAIN, OR 1266 00:50:33,472 --> 00:50:37,476 ALTERNATIVELY, THE CONSEQUENCES 1267 00:50:37,476 --> 00:50:38,744 OF THE ADDICTION ITSELF HAS AN 1268 00:50:38,744 --> 00:50:41,881 EFFECT THAT PUTS THEM IN MUCH 1269 00:50:41,881 --> 00:50:43,282 HIGHER RISK FOR DEVELOPING OTHER 1270 00:50:43,282 --> 00:50:44,383 MENTAL DISORDERS. 1271 00:50:44,383 --> 00:50:46,719 AND THAT'S WHY THE WHOLE CONCEPT 1272 00:50:46,719 --> 00:50:51,390 OF COMORBIDITY AND SHIFTING AWAY 1273 00:50:51,390 --> 00:50:52,291 AS MUCH AS WE CAN FROM 1274 00:50:52,291 --> 00:50:54,026 CONSIDERING ALL OF THESE 1275 00:50:54,026 --> 00:50:57,096 ENTITIES AS ISOLATED, BUT 1276 00:50:57,096 --> 00:50:59,565 INSTEAD BRINGING FORWARD THE 1277 00:50:59,565 --> 00:51:01,066 INDIVIDUAL AS NOT A DISEASE, BUT 1278 00:51:01,066 --> 00:51:03,102 ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF THAT 1279 00:51:03,102 --> 00:51:04,470 PERSON WHO HAS A SUBSTANCE USE 1280 00:51:04,470 --> 00:51:07,172 DISORDER. 1281 00:51:07,172 --> 00:51:09,341 AND THE FINAL ELEMENT IS THAT 1282 00:51:09,341 --> 00:51:11,310 ONE ON ENHANCING THE IMPACT OF 1283 00:51:11,310 --> 00:51:12,878 EXISTING AND EMERGING DATASETS 1284 00:51:12,878 --> 00:51:13,946 AND I'LL SPEAK ABOUT THIS 1285 00:51:13,946 --> 00:51:15,481 BECAUSE I THINK THAT RIGHT NOW, 1286 00:51:15,481 --> 00:51:17,249 WE ARE IN ONE OF THE MOST 1287 00:51:17,249 --> 00:51:18,918 EXCITING AREAS OF SCIENCE IN 1288 00:51:18,918 --> 00:51:21,854 TERMS OF HOW WE'RE ABLE TO 1289 00:51:21,854 --> 00:51:25,190 COLLECT ALL OF THAT KNOWLEDGE IN 1290 00:51:25,190 --> 00:51:27,626 DATABASES AND HOW THAT 1291 00:51:27,626 --> 00:51:28,694 COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES AND 1292 00:51:28,694 --> 00:51:31,130 THE ANALYTICAL METHODS ARE 1293 00:51:31,130 --> 00:51:33,332 ENABLING US TO BRING THOSE 1294 00:51:33,332 --> 00:51:35,267 TOGETHER AND TO EXPLORE THEM IN 1295 00:51:35,267 --> 00:51:38,537 WAYS THAT WERE IMPOSSIBLE IN THE 1296 00:51:38,537 --> 00:51:38,904 PAST. 1297 00:51:38,904 --> 00:51:41,707 AND THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WE 1298 00:51:41,707 --> 00:51:43,809 NEED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE FOR, FOR 1299 00:51:43,809 --> 00:51:46,979 THE HEAL RESOURCES, BUT ALSO FOR 1300 00:51:46,979 --> 00:51:51,717 THE REST OF WHAT WE DO AT NIDA, 1301 00:51:51,717 --> 00:51:54,153 AND OBVIOUSLY IN GENERAL IN NIH. 1302 00:51:54,153 --> 00:51:57,656 SO THIS IS A NIDA PLAN AND WE 1303 00:51:57,656 --> 00:52:00,859 ARE GATHERING FINAL COMMENTS AND 1304 00:52:00,859 --> 00:52:03,062 ONCE THAT IS FINALIZED, WE WILL 1305 00:52:03,062 --> 00:52:06,332 BE OFFICIALLY RELEASING IT. 1306 00:52:06,332 --> 00:52:08,434 I WANT TO UPDATE YOU TO CHANGES 1307 00:52:08,434 --> 00:52:09,602 THAT HAVE HAPPENED SINCE WE LAST 1308 00:52:09,602 --> 00:52:11,003 MET IN SEPTEMBER OF LAST YEAR 1309 00:52:11,003 --> 00:52:12,204 FOR COUNCIL. 1310 00:52:12,204 --> 00:52:13,939 THERE'S BEEN MANY CHANGES. 1311 00:52:13,939 --> 00:52:15,741 NUMBER ONE, DR. BETTY TAI 1312 00:52:15,741 --> 00:52:17,443 RETIRED FROM THE DIRECTOR OF THE 1313 00:52:17,443 --> 00:52:21,113 CLINICAL TRIAL, AND SO NOW WE 1314 00:52:21,113 --> 00:52:26,986 HAVE DR. HOA VO, WHO IS ACTING 1315 00:52:26,986 --> 00:52:29,288 DIRECTOR ON CCTN AND I LOOK 1316 00:52:29,288 --> 00:52:30,656 FORWARD TO HER TO GIVE YOU A 1317 00:52:30,656 --> 00:52:32,391 PRESENTATION IN ONE OF THE 1318 00:52:32,391 --> 00:52:34,026 FOLLOWING COUNCIL MEETINGS SO 1319 00:52:34,026 --> 00:52:37,830 YOU CAN ALL GET TO KNOW HER. 1320 00:52:37,830 --> 00:52:39,732 ALSO WE HAVE A RETIREMENT, 1321 00:52:39,732 --> 00:52:41,734 DR. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION 1322 00:52:41,734 --> 00:52:43,969 OF NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR, 1323 00:52:43,969 --> 00:52:48,140 ALSO AN INCREDIBLE LIKE BETTY 1324 00:52:48,140 --> 00:52:50,509 TAI AND HELPING TO DESIGN AND 1325 00:52:50,509 --> 00:52:53,112 STRUCTURE A LOT OF THE MOST 1326 00:52:53,112 --> 00:52:54,113 EXCITING INITIATIVES WE HAVE IN 1327 00:52:54,113 --> 00:52:56,949 BASIC FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE. 1328 00:52:56,949 --> 00:52:59,718 AND DR. KRISTEN McCLURE BAGLEY 1329 00:52:59,718 --> 00:53:02,955 HAS AGREED TO BE OUR ACTING 1330 00:53:02,955 --> 00:53:03,922 DIRECTOR FOR THE DIVISION OF 1331 00:53:03,922 --> 00:53:04,990 NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR. 1332 00:53:04,990 --> 00:53:09,695 AND THEN ALSO, WE HAVE A THIRD 1333 00:53:09,695 --> 00:53:11,764 RETIREMENT, DR. CHANDLER IN 1334 00:53:11,764 --> 00:53:15,000 CHARGE OF OUR HIV RESEARCH 1335 00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:21,740 PROGRAM AND DR. VARTHAKAVI HAS 1336 00:53:21,740 --> 00:53:23,075 AGREED TO BE THE DIRECTOR FOR 1337 00:53:23,075 --> 00:53:24,443 THE HIV RESEARCH PROGRAM. 1338 00:53:24,443 --> 00:53:25,811 AND WE HAVE A COMPLETELY NEW 1339 00:53:25,811 --> 00:53:29,815 OFFICE, AN OFFICE THAT REFLECTS 1340 00:53:29,815 --> 00:53:32,051 THE WHOLE IMPORTANCE OF WHERE 1341 00:53:32,051 --> 00:53:34,153 DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTIC IS 1342 00:53:34,153 --> 00:53:35,754 COMING, SO WE CREATED THE IS ON 1343 00:53:35,754 --> 00:53:37,489 OF DATA SCIENCE AND 1344 00:53:37,489 --> 00:53:39,692 COORDINATION, AND WE HAVE HIRED 1345 00:53:39,692 --> 00:53:42,494 A NEW DIRECTOR FOR THIS NEW 1346 00:53:42,494 --> 00:53:45,230 OFFICE, DR. MING ZHAN, WHO 1347 00:53:45,230 --> 00:53:48,267 ACTUALLY USED TO HANDLE THE 1348 00:53:48,267 --> 00:53:50,536 DATABASES FOR BRAIN FROM THE 1349 00:53:50,536 --> 00:53:50,836 NIMH. 1350 00:53:50,836 --> 00:53:53,706 SO IT'S A PLEASURE TO HAVE THESE 1351 00:53:53,706 --> 00:53:56,575 FOUR NEW LEADERS, EITHER IN 1352 00:53:56,575 --> 00:53:59,845 THEIR FULL CAPACITY OR AS ACTING 1353 00:53:59,845 --> 00:54:03,048 DIRECTORS, AND LOOK FORWARD TO 1354 00:54:03,048 --> 00:54:05,317 SEEING HOW BASICALLY THE 1355 00:54:05,317 --> 00:54:07,720 RESEARCH AREAS THAT THEY OVERSEE 1356 00:54:07,720 --> 00:54:09,955 GOING INTO THE FUTURE. 1357 00:54:09,955 --> 00:54:13,792 SO LET ME THEN JUMP INTO THE 1358 00:54:13,792 --> 00:54:19,364 SCIENCE ON OUTBREAKS. 1359 00:54:19,364 --> 00:54:21,133 NORMALLY IN THE JANUARY COUNCIL, 1360 00:54:21,133 --> 00:54:23,569 I GIVE YOU A REPORT CARD ON HOW 1361 00:54:23,569 --> 00:54:24,303 WE'RE DOING IN TERMS OF 1362 00:54:24,303 --> 00:54:25,504 TEENAGERS USE OF DRUGS AND THIS 1363 00:54:25,504 --> 00:54:27,106 IS BASED ON MONITORING THE 1364 00:54:27,106 --> 00:54:28,507 FUTURE, WHICH IS A YEARLY SURVEY 1365 00:54:28,507 --> 00:54:32,611 THAT NIDA HAS BEEN FUNDING FROM 1366 00:54:32,611 --> 00:54:34,646 BASICALLY I THINK 50 YEARS. 1367 00:54:34,646 --> 00:54:36,982 AND THIS IS THE DATA THAT, JUST 1368 00:54:36,982 --> 00:54:41,019 A VERY FAST SUMMARY, THAT SHOWS 1369 00:54:41,019 --> 00:54:44,690 THE DIFFERENCES IN ONE YEAR 1370 00:54:44,690 --> 00:54:47,760 BETWEEN 2023 AND 2024 FOR THE 1371 00:54:47,760 --> 00:54:50,796 VARIOUS SUBSTANCES, ILLICIT 1372 00:54:50,796 --> 00:54:55,467 DRUGS ON THE LEFT, LICIT DRUGS 1373 00:54:55,467 --> 00:54:56,902 ON THE RIGHT AND IN GREEN ARE 1374 00:54:56,902 --> 00:54:57,936 CHANGES WHERE WE'VE SEEN 1375 00:54:57,936 --> 00:55:00,506 REDUCTIONS IN WHAT THE NUMBERS 1376 00:55:00,506 --> 00:55:03,876 WERE THERE FOR 2023 AND FOR THE 1377 00:55:03,876 --> 00:55:06,345 THREE GRADES, 8th, 10th, AND 1378 00:55:06,345 --> 00:55:07,479 12th GRADERS. 1379 00:55:07,479 --> 00:55:09,047 AND THE RED ONES, OF COURSE, 1380 00:55:09,047 --> 00:55:13,719 MEANS WE'RE GOING IN THE WRONG 1381 00:55:13,719 --> 00:55:13,986 DIRECTION. 1382 00:55:13,986 --> 00:55:14,787 AND IT'S SOMETHING WE'VE BEEN 1383 00:55:14,787 --> 00:55:17,489 SEEING FOR MANY, MANY YEARS AND 1384 00:55:17,489 --> 00:55:18,157 CONSISTENTLY, EVERY SINGLE YEAR, 1385 00:55:18,157 --> 00:55:20,692 AND REPORTING REDUCTIONS IN 1386 00:55:20,692 --> 00:55:23,495 SUBSTANCE USE AMONG TEENAGERS. 1387 00:55:23,495 --> 00:55:25,097 OF COURSE, EXCEPT FOR A FEW 1388 00:55:25,097 --> 00:55:26,698 OUTLIERS, AND THOSE OUTLIERS, OF 1389 00:55:26,698 --> 00:55:30,169 COURSE, WE NEED TO PAY ATTENTION 1390 00:55:30,169 --> 00:55:32,538 TO THEM. 1391 00:55:32,538 --> 00:55:35,541 IT'S ALWAYS -- SORT OF THE 1392 00:55:35,541 --> 00:55:37,509 NOTION IS WHAT IS CHANGING IN 1393 00:55:37,509 --> 00:55:38,710 THE LANDSCAPE OF THE LIFE OF 1394 00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:40,946 TEENAGERS THAT IS LEADING THEM 1395 00:55:40,946 --> 00:55:46,185 TO RELY LESS AND LESS INTO 1396 00:55:46,185 --> 00:55:48,654 DRUGS, AND NORMALLY -- IT'S AN 1397 00:55:48,654 --> 00:55:49,788 IMPORTANT QUESTION TO ASK 1398 00:55:49,788 --> 00:55:51,290 OURSELVES BECAUSE MY 1399 00:55:51,290 --> 00:55:53,792 UNDERSTANDING IS WE CAN ENSURE 1400 00:55:53,792 --> 00:55:55,761 THAT WE CAN MAXIMIZE THAT IT 1401 00:55:55,761 --> 00:55:57,529 CONTINUES TO BE THERE SO THAT WE 1402 00:55:57,529 --> 00:55:59,765 CONTINUE TO HAVE LESS AND LESS 1403 00:55:59,765 --> 00:56:02,568 TEENAGERS EXPOSED TO DRUGS IN 1404 00:56:02,568 --> 00:56:05,804 THESE VERY SENSITIVE PERIOD OF 1405 00:56:05,804 --> 00:56:07,406 THEIR LIFE. 1406 00:56:07,406 --> 00:56:10,209 I DO WANT TO COMMEND -- I MEAN, 1407 00:56:10,209 --> 00:56:12,311 ALL OF US CAN HAVE SPECULATIONS, 1408 00:56:12,311 --> 00:56:14,079 BUT I DO THINK IT'S IMPORTANT 1409 00:56:14,079 --> 00:56:15,347 THAT WE RECOGNIZE THIS IS 1410 00:56:15,347 --> 00:56:16,381 SOMETHING THAT I WOULD SAY FOR 1411 00:56:16,381 --> 00:56:17,883 THE PAST TEN YEARS, I WAS 1412 00:56:17,883 --> 00:56:20,185 THINKING ABOUT IT, AT LEAST TEN 1413 00:56:20,185 --> 00:56:22,120 YEARS, I WOULD SAY, EVERY SINGLE 1414 00:56:22,120 --> 00:56:25,624 YEAR REDUCTIONS AND WE ARE 1415 00:56:25,624 --> 00:56:26,992 ACTUALLY, EVEN FOR MARIJUANA -- 1416 00:56:26,992 --> 00:56:28,594 AND I COMMENTED ON THIS IN THE 1417 00:56:28,594 --> 00:56:28,994 PAST. 1418 00:56:28,994 --> 00:56:31,763 EVEN THOUGH THE REST OF THE 1419 00:56:31,763 --> 00:56:33,465 DEMOGRAPHICS IN AGE HAVE 1420 00:56:33,465 --> 00:56:37,135 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THEIR 1421 00:56:37,135 --> 00:56:38,337 NUMBERS WITH THE PREVALENCE OF 1422 00:56:38,337 --> 00:56:40,739 THE USE OF MARIJUANA, VERY HIGH 1423 00:56:40,739 --> 00:56:42,140 RATES OF USE AND REGULAR USE, 1424 00:56:42,140 --> 00:56:45,944 WE'RE NOT SEEING THAT IN 1425 00:56:45,944 --> 00:56:46,545 ADOLESCENTS. 1426 00:56:46,545 --> 00:56:47,913 SO IT IS A CHANGE. 1427 00:56:47,913 --> 00:56:49,882 THERE HAVE BEEN, AND AS I SAY, 1428 00:56:49,882 --> 00:56:50,682 THERE ARE RED THINGS THAT WE 1429 00:56:50,682 --> 00:56:53,051 NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO, AND A 1430 00:56:53,051 --> 00:56:54,887 COUPLE OF YEARS AGO, WE WERE 1431 00:56:54,887 --> 00:56:56,622 VERY CONCERNED BY THE 1432 00:56:56,622 --> 00:56:58,624 SIGNIFICANT RISE IN VAPING AMONG 1433 00:56:58,624 --> 00:56:58,991 TEENAGERS. 1434 00:56:58,991 --> 00:57:01,894 AND THAT IS STILL AN ISSUE THAT 1435 00:57:01,894 --> 00:57:03,729 IS VERY RELATIVELY HIGH LEVELS. 1436 00:57:03,729 --> 00:57:06,732 VAPING OF NICOTINE AND VAPING OF 1437 00:57:06,732 --> 00:57:06,999 THC. 1438 00:57:06,999 --> 00:57:09,768 AND I DO ALSO WANT TO RECOGNIZE, 1439 00:57:09,768 --> 00:57:13,171 TOO, WE'VE ALWAYS BEEN VERY 1440 00:57:13,171 --> 00:57:15,040 AWARE THAT TEENAGERS STAND TO -- 1441 00:57:15,040 --> 00:57:16,475 EVEN THOUGH THEY MAYBE GOING 1442 00:57:16,475 --> 00:57:20,479 DOWN FOR SOME CATEGORY, THEY 1443 00:57:20,479 --> 00:57:22,714 STILL FAVOR PSYCHO THERAPEUTIC 1444 00:57:22,714 --> 00:57:26,818 DRUGS AND THAT RELATES TO BENZO 1445 00:57:26,818 --> 00:57:29,388 DIE AS PEENS AND STIMULANT 1446 00:57:29,388 --> 00:57:29,688 MEDICATIONS. 1447 00:57:29,688 --> 00:57:33,792 AND MORE RECENTLY, WHAT WE ARE 1448 00:57:33,792 --> 00:57:37,296 OBSERVING ALSO IS ACTUALLY THE 1449 00:57:37,296 --> 00:57:38,530 RESURGENCE OF NICOTINE IN 1450 00:57:38,530 --> 00:57:40,132 DIFFERENT SHAPES AND FORMS. 1451 00:57:40,132 --> 00:57:42,134 SO IT WAS NICOTINE VAPING, BUT I 1452 00:57:42,134 --> 00:57:46,171 DO NOTICE THERE, YOU LOOK TO THE 1453 00:57:46,171 --> 00:57:53,879 RIGHT, NICOTINE PATCHES, SO 1454 00:57:53,879 --> 00:57:55,547 THESE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS FOR 1455 00:57:55,547 --> 00:57:56,815 ADMINISTERING NICOTINE THAT ARE 1456 00:57:56,815 --> 00:57:59,985 REVAMPING THE USE OF NICOTINE IN 1457 00:57:59,985 --> 00:58:00,986 ADOLESCENTS, WHICH WE HAVE 1458 00:58:00,986 --> 00:58:03,755 THOUGHT THAT WE HAVE BEEN ABLE 1459 00:58:03,755 --> 00:58:05,590 TO BASICALLY BRING DOWN AT VERY 1460 00:58:05,590 --> 00:58:07,759 LOW LEVELS AS RELATES TO 1461 00:58:07,759 --> 00:58:10,696 CIGARETTE SMOKING. 1462 00:58:10,696 --> 00:58:12,531 SO THIS IS THE ANNUAL CARD THAT 1463 00:58:12,531 --> 00:58:14,066 WE GET TO TEENAGER SUBSTANCE 1464 00:58:14,066 --> 00:58:14,967 USE. 1465 00:58:14,967 --> 00:58:16,735 JOEFL, VERY GOOD NEWS. 1466 00:58:16,735 --> 00:58:18,603 AND THIS IS MORE GRANULAR, AND 1467 00:58:18,603 --> 00:58:21,540 I'D LIKE TO PRESENT TO YOU 1468 00:58:21,540 --> 00:58:22,507 BECAUSE I DO THINK IT'S 1469 00:58:22,507 --> 00:58:24,076 IMPORTANT IN GUIDING OUR 1470 00:58:24,076 --> 00:58:24,977 THINKING. 1471 00:58:24,977 --> 00:58:26,545 THE RANKING OF THE FREQUENCY 1472 00:58:26,545 --> 00:58:28,046 PREVALENCE OF THE USE OF THE 1473 00:58:28,046 --> 00:58:30,282 SUBSTANCES AMONG 12th GRADER, 1474 00:58:30,282 --> 00:58:33,085 THIS IS 12th GRADERS, SO THE FUB 1475 00:58:33,085 --> 00:58:34,786 ONE SUBSTANCE CONTINUES TO BE 1476 00:58:34,786 --> 00:58:35,420 ALCOHOL. 1477 00:58:35,420 --> 00:58:37,055 THE NUMBER ONE SUBSTANCE -- 1478 00:58:37,055 --> 00:58:38,156 THAT'S THE NUMBER TWO SUBSTANCE 1479 00:58:38,156 --> 00:58:41,026 IN TERMS OF FREQUENCY IS 1480 00:58:41,026 --> 00:58:41,793 MARIJUANA. 1481 00:58:41,793 --> 00:58:44,496 BUT AS CLOSE AS MARIJUANA, 1482 00:58:44,496 --> 00:58:46,131 SMOKING IS, WE NOW HAVE 1483 00:58:46,131 --> 00:58:47,766 BASICALLY FOR ALL PRACTICAL 1484 00:58:47,766 --> 00:58:50,936 PURPOSES THE SAME NUMBER AS ANY 1485 00:58:50,936 --> 00:58:52,771 TYPE OF VAPING, AND VERY, VERY 1486 00:58:52,771 --> 00:58:55,974 CLOSE TO IT, VAPING OF NICOTINE. 1487 00:58:55,974 --> 00:58:58,410 AND SO THESE -- AND AGAIN, IT 1488 00:58:58,410 --> 00:58:59,811 HAS BEEN GOING DOWN SLIGHTLY 1489 00:58:59,811 --> 00:59:01,179 OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS BECAUSE 1490 00:59:01,179 --> 00:59:03,915 IT WAS EXTREMELY, EXTREMELY HIGH 1491 00:59:03,915 --> 00:59:06,618 RATES, BUT IT'S STILL VERY HIGH. 1492 00:59:06,618 --> 00:59:08,520 AND THIS IS IN TEENAGERS, YOU 1493 00:59:08,520 --> 00:59:10,489 SEE HIGHER PREVALENCE OF VAPING 1494 00:59:10,489 --> 00:59:11,990 NICOTINE THAN IN OTHER AGE 1495 00:59:11,990 --> 00:59:13,592 GROUPS, WHICH IS DIFFERENT FROM 1496 00:59:13,592 --> 00:59:14,860 ANY OTHER TYPE OF DRUG. 1497 00:59:14,860 --> 00:59:18,363 WE ALSO SEE, AS YOU SEE AFTER 1498 00:59:18,363 --> 00:59:21,033 VANEG, NICOTINE VAPING, THC, 1499 00:59:21,033 --> 00:59:22,300 WHICH ALSO IS CONCERNING BECAUSE 1500 00:59:22,300 --> 00:59:24,703 IT'S VERY HIGH, BUT ALSO WHEN 1501 00:59:24,703 --> 00:59:27,072 YOU VAPE THC, YOU CAN GET VERY, 1502 00:59:27,072 --> 00:59:29,207 VERY HIGH CONCENTRATION OF THE 1503 00:59:29,207 --> 00:59:29,574 DRUG. 1504 00:59:29,574 --> 00:59:31,777 IN THIS CASE, THC OR FOR 1505 00:59:31,777 --> 00:59:35,747 NICOTINE, VERY HIGH 1506 00:59:35,747 --> 00:59:37,883 CONCENTRATION OF NICOTINE. 1507 00:59:37,883 --> 00:59:40,118 AND, TOO, IT'S NOTABLE BECAUSE 1508 00:59:40,118 --> 00:59:42,154 WHEN YOU VAPE NICOTINE, YOU CAN 1509 00:59:42,154 --> 00:59:43,321 ESCALATE MUCH FASTER THAN WHEN 1510 00:59:43,321 --> 00:59:43,889 YOU SMOKE IT. 1511 00:59:43,889 --> 00:59:45,624 SO IT'S SOMETHING THAT, AGAIN, 1512 00:59:45,624 --> 00:59:47,659 THERE ARE MANY GOOD NEWS, BUT 1513 00:59:47,659 --> 00:59:50,195 THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT WE NEED TO 1514 00:59:50,195 --> 00:59:51,830 ACTUALLY BE VERY, VERY ALERT. 1515 00:59:51,830 --> 00:59:53,532 AND THEN YOU HAVE ALL THE GREENS 1516 00:59:53,532 --> 00:59:53,732 THERE. 1517 00:59:53,732 --> 00:59:56,068 THOSE ARE THE NICOTINES BECAUSE 1518 00:59:56,068 --> 01:00:00,105 THAT IS THE RECITATION, THE 1519 01:00:00,105 --> 01:00:01,807 REEMERGENCE OF NICOTINE AMONGST 1520 01:00:01,807 --> 01:00:02,074 TEENAGERS. 1521 01:00:02,074 --> 01:00:03,075 UNFORTUNATELY WITH ALL OF THESE 1522 01:00:03,075 --> 01:00:04,342 NEW TECHNOLOGIES, THAT IS MAKING 1523 01:00:04,342 --> 01:00:09,614 IT MORE APPEALING, AND THAT AS 1524 01:00:09,614 --> 01:00:10,816 THEY'RE ALREADY -- THE DATA HAS 1525 01:00:10,816 --> 01:00:14,186 SHOWN THAT MAY INCREASE THE RISK 1526 01:00:14,186 --> 01:00:15,754 OF THESE TEENAGERS AS THEY GROW 1527 01:00:15,754 --> 01:00:17,856 INTO ADULTHOOD THAT THEY MAY END 1528 01:00:17,856 --> 01:00:19,624 UP SMOKING CIGARETTES. 1529 01:00:19,624 --> 01:00:22,360 SO NICOTINE VAPING BY ITSELF, AS 1530 01:00:22,360 --> 01:00:25,597 WE ALL KNOW, HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED 1531 01:00:25,597 --> 01:00:27,766 WITH VERY NEGATIVE HEALTH 1532 01:00:27,766 --> 01:00:28,366 CONSEQUENCES. 1533 01:00:28,366 --> 01:00:31,837 SO THAT'S WHERE WE ARE. 1534 01:00:31,837 --> 01:00:33,038 TO THE RIGHT, WE HAVE TWO 1535 01:00:33,038 --> 01:00:33,271 GRAPHS. 1536 01:00:33,271 --> 01:00:36,041 ONE OF THEM ACTUALLY IS TO SHOW 1537 01:00:36,041 --> 01:00:37,442 THAT PERCENT OF STUDENTS 1538 01:00:37,442 --> 01:00:38,743 REPORTING PAST YEAR MARIJUANA 1539 01:00:38,743 --> 01:00:39,144 USE. 1540 01:00:39,144 --> 01:00:42,681 THAT'S ACTUALLY, AND I WAS 1541 01:00:42,681 --> 01:00:43,982 HIGHLIGHTING, I MEAN WE SAW THIS 1542 01:00:43,982 --> 01:00:46,418 IN 12th GRADERS FROM ONE YEAR TO 1543 01:00:46,418 --> 01:00:48,854 THE NEXT, EVEN THOUGH I 1544 01:00:48,854 --> 01:00:51,123 HIGHLIGHT THE REST, I MEAN, OF 1545 01:00:51,123 --> 01:00:54,359 THE WORLD, OLDER PEOPLE ARE 1546 01:00:54,359 --> 01:00:54,759 SMOKING MARIJUANA. 1547 01:00:54,759 --> 01:00:57,395 AND THEN THE LOWER ONE, WHICH IS 1548 01:00:57,395 --> 01:01:01,399 A VERY GOOD WAY OF PUTTING IT, 1549 01:01:01,399 --> 01:01:03,068 AND I BASICALLY GIVE THE CREDIT 1550 01:01:03,068 --> 01:01:05,270 OF RECOGNIZING IT AS SUCH TO 1551 01:01:05,270 --> 01:01:08,573 DR. BOB DUPONT, WHO HAS ALWAYS 1552 01:01:08,573 --> 01:01:13,578 HIGHLIGHTED, SAYS NORA, WE THINK 1553 01:01:13,578 --> 01:01:14,946 A LOT ABOUT THE PATTERN AND 1554 01:01:14,946 --> 01:01:16,214 PREVALENCE OF SUBSTANCE USE IN 1555 01:01:16,214 --> 01:01:17,816 TEERGES, BUT WE SHOULD ALSO BE 1556 01:01:17,816 --> 01:01:19,084 SPEAKING ABOUT THE NUMBER OF 1557 01:01:19,084 --> 01:01:20,385 TEERGES THAT ARE ABSTINENT, 1558 01:01:20,385 --> 01:01:21,786 BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT IT FROM 1559 01:01:21,786 --> 01:01:23,088 THAT PERSPECTIVE, YOU CAN SEE 1560 01:01:23,088 --> 01:01:25,257 THAT THERE ARE MORE AND MORE 1561 01:01:25,257 --> 01:01:27,759 TEENAGERS THAT NOW HAVE, IN 1562 01:01:27,759 --> 01:01:30,262 THESE CASES, PAST MONTH, THEY 1563 01:01:30,262 --> 01:01:31,096 HAVEN'T USED ANY SUBSTANCE IN 1564 01:01:31,096 --> 01:01:35,000 THE PAST MONTH AND JUST SEEING 1565 01:01:35,000 --> 01:01:36,101 IT GOING UPS. 1566 01:01:36,101 --> 01:01:37,636 AS I WAS REVIEWING THE SLIDES 1567 01:01:37,636 --> 01:01:39,004 FOR THE PRESENTATION, I SID WISH 1568 01:01:39,004 --> 01:01:41,973 I HAD HAD THE PAST YEAR BECAUSE 1569 01:01:41,973 --> 01:01:44,543 THAT IN MANY WAYS IS MORE 1570 01:01:44,543 --> 01:01:47,646 IMPACTFUL WAY OF PRESENTING THE 1571 01:01:47,646 --> 01:01:47,979 INFORMATION. 1572 01:01:47,979 --> 01:01:51,750 BUT WE'RE SEEING THAT 1573 01:01:51,750 --> 01:01:53,351 INCREASINGLY, THERE ARE MORE 1574 01:01:53,351 --> 01:01:54,553 TEENAGERS THAT ACTUALLY ABSTAIN 1575 01:01:54,553 --> 01:01:58,089 FROM TAKING ANY DRUG, WHICH 1576 01:01:58,089 --> 01:01:59,824 OBVIOUSLY PROVIDES THEM 1577 01:01:59,824 --> 01:02:00,926 PROTECTIVE COMPONENT, IN OTHER 1578 01:02:00,926 --> 01:02:02,694 WORDS, PREVENT THEM FROM GETTING 1579 01:02:02,694 --> 01:02:05,363 EXPOSED TO THE NEGATIVE 1580 01:02:05,363 --> 01:02:05,931 CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY DRUG 1581 01:02:05,931 --> 01:02:09,701 EXPOSURE. 1582 01:02:09,701 --> 01:02:16,908 AND SO THAT IS WITH RESPECT TO 1583 01:02:16,908 --> 01:02:17,542 OUR RATING OF HOW WE ARE DOING 1584 01:02:17,542 --> 01:02:19,177 WITH RESPECT TO THE PREVALENCE 1585 01:02:19,177 --> 01:02:22,581 OF SUBSTANCE USE AMONG 1586 01:02:22,581 --> 01:02:22,847 TEENAGERS. 1587 01:02:22,847 --> 01:02:26,251 NOW I WANT TO -- AND I'M NOT 1588 01:02:26,251 --> 01:02:26,851 GOING TO GO INTO GREAT DETAIL 1589 01:02:26,851 --> 01:02:27,452 BECAUSE YOU ARE GOING TO BE 1590 01:02:27,452 --> 01:02:29,921 HEARING UPDATES OF THESE 1591 01:02:29,921 --> 01:02:32,624 PRESENTATIONS ON THE ABC AND THE 1592 01:02:32,624 --> 01:02:35,327 HBCD AND BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT 1593 01:02:35,327 --> 01:02:37,829 TEENAGERS -- ACTUALLY, I SAID 1594 01:02:37,829 --> 01:02:40,699 ALCOHOL, MARIJUANA, AND NICOTINE 1595 01:02:40,699 --> 01:02:44,836 ARE ACTUALLY THE MOST PREVALENT, 1596 01:02:44,836 --> 01:02:49,374 BUT ALCOHOL, MOST TEENAGERS 1597 01:02:49,374 --> 01:02:50,809 ACTUALLY, THE AVERAGE TEENAGER 1598 01:02:50,809 --> 01:02:52,010 AGE OF INITIATION OF ALCOHOL IS 1599 01:02:52,010 --> 01:02:52,744 AGE 14. 1600 01:02:52,744 --> 01:02:54,012 OF MARIJUANA, IT'S AGE 16. 1601 01:02:54,012 --> 01:02:58,216 OF NICOTINE, IT'S AGE 18. 1602 01:02:58,216 --> 01:03:01,453 SO THE ADOLESCENT IS THE HIGH, 1603 01:03:01,453 --> 01:03:02,787 HIGH RISK FOR TEENAGERS TO START 1604 01:03:02,787 --> 01:03:05,123 EXPERIMENT WITH DRUGS AND 1605 01:03:05,123 --> 01:03:06,091 CERTAINLY WITH MANY END UP 1606 01:03:06,091 --> 01:03:07,125 EXPERIMENTING WITH ALCOHOL, 1607 01:03:07,125 --> 01:03:09,127 MARIJUANA, AND NICOTINE. 1608 01:03:09,127 --> 01:03:13,498 AND SO BECAUSE OF THAT, THERE 1609 01:03:13,498 --> 01:03:16,001 HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE INTEREST TO 1610 01:03:16,001 --> 01:03:18,637 UNDERSTAND HOW DRUG EXPOSURES 1611 01:03:18,637 --> 01:03:20,305 DURING ADOLESCENCE SHAPE THE 1612 01:03:20,305 --> 01:03:21,106 HUMAN BRAIN. 1613 01:03:21,106 --> 01:03:23,642 AND WE ARE ALL VERY FAMILIAR 1614 01:03:23,642 --> 01:03:27,412 WITH THE CONCERN IN TERMS OF 1615 01:03:27,412 --> 01:03:28,680 THOSE INTERFERE WITH BRAIN 1616 01:03:28,680 --> 01:03:30,248 DEVELOPMENT, DOES IT INCREASE 1617 01:03:30,248 --> 01:03:34,886 THE RISK OF MENTAL DISORDERS? 1618 01:03:34,886 --> 01:03:36,021 THE FEAR WITH COGNITIVE 1619 01:03:36,021 --> 01:03:36,354 PERFORMANCE. 1620 01:03:36,354 --> 01:03:38,590 DOES IT MAKE THEM MORE 1621 01:03:38,590 --> 01:03:41,259 VULNERABLE TO OTHER ADDICTIVE 1622 01:03:41,259 --> 01:03:41,559 BEHAVIORS? 1623 01:03:41,559 --> 01:03:43,595 WHAT IS ITS OVERALL 1624 01:03:43,595 --> 01:03:44,296 CONSEQUENCES, AND THAT'S 1625 01:03:44,296 --> 01:03:46,631 ULTIMATELY WHAT LEVELS TO THE 1626 01:03:46,631 --> 01:03:48,066 ABCD AT WHICH THE ADOLESCENT 1627 01:03:48,066 --> 01:03:50,969 BRAIN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 1628 01:03:50,969 --> 01:03:54,039 STORY THAT YOU'RE GOING TO BE 1629 01:03:54,039 --> 01:03:56,174 HEARING THE READOUT FROM THE 1630 01:03:56,174 --> 01:03:58,443 DOCTOR WHO DIRECTS THIS PROGRAM, 1631 01:03:58,443 --> 01:04:01,413 WHICH BASICALLY WAS INITIATED IN 1632 01:04:01,413 --> 01:04:03,982 2016 WHEN THEY STARTED 1633 01:04:03,982 --> 01:04:05,083 RECRUITING PARTICIPANTS. 1634 01:04:05,083 --> 01:04:07,485 IT HAS BEEN FOLLOWING THEM SINCE 1635 01:04:07,485 --> 01:04:09,220 THEN, CLOSE TO 12,000 1636 01:04:09,220 --> 01:04:11,423 INDIVIDUALS THAT WERE RECRUITED 1637 01:04:11,423 --> 01:04:14,159 AGE 9 TO 10, AND NOW NINE YEARS 1638 01:04:14,159 --> 01:04:17,262 LATER, 18 TO 19, SO THEY ARE 1639 01:04:17,262 --> 01:04:19,931 GETTING TO THE LATE ADOLESCENCE 1640 01:04:19,931 --> 01:04:22,834 YEARS AND WE SAW PERIODS OF HIGH 1641 01:04:22,834 --> 01:04:24,569 RISK OF TRANSITIONING INTO DRUG 1642 01:04:24,569 --> 01:04:26,671 USE IN GENERAL AND MORE SEVERE 1643 01:04:26,671 --> 01:04:28,640 PATTERNS OF DRUG USE. 1644 01:04:28,640 --> 01:04:30,241 IT'S ALSO THE AGE TRANSITION 1645 01:04:30,241 --> 01:04:32,477 FROM THE TEENS TO YOUNG 1646 01:04:32,477 --> 01:04:33,211 ADULTHOOD WHERE YOU ACTUALLY 1647 01:04:33,211 --> 01:04:36,881 START TO SEE THE EMERGENCE OF 1648 01:04:36,881 --> 01:04:38,083 MANY OF THE PSYCHIATRIC 1649 01:04:38,083 --> 01:04:38,483 DISEASES. 1650 01:04:38,483 --> 01:04:40,352 THE ABCD HAS BEEN AN 1651 01:04:40,352 --> 01:04:42,220 EXTRAORDINARY SUCCESS, AND I 1652 01:04:42,220 --> 01:04:45,323 WOULD SAY THAT THIS IS -- THIS 1653 01:04:45,323 --> 01:04:46,891 IS A PROJECT THAT IS DONE IN 1654 01:04:46,891 --> 01:04:48,159 VERY, VERY CLOSE COLLABORATION 1655 01:04:48,159 --> 01:04:49,694 AND PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ALCOHOL 1656 01:04:49,694 --> 01:04:50,929 INSTITUTE AND WITH THE 1657 01:04:50,929 --> 01:04:53,198 PARTNERSHIP FROM MANY OTHER 1658 01:04:53,198 --> 01:04:58,002 INSTITUTES, INCLUDING NIMH, NCI, 1659 01:04:58,002 --> 01:05:01,206 THAT HAS, I WOULD SAY THIS 1660 01:05:01,206 --> 01:05:02,207 PARTICULAR STORY PERHAPS HAS 1661 01:05:02,207 --> 01:05:04,242 BEEN THE MOST CONSEQUENTIAL IN 1662 01:05:04,242 --> 01:05:06,478 THE WHOLE ASPECT OF 1663 01:05:06,478 --> 01:05:07,278 UNDERSTANDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF 1664 01:05:07,278 --> 01:05:08,813 THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN. 1665 01:05:08,813 --> 01:05:11,282 I CANNOT THINK OF ANY OTHER 1666 01:05:11,282 --> 01:05:13,418 STUDY THAT HAS SO PROFOUNDLY 1667 01:05:13,418 --> 01:05:14,619 AFFECTED THE FIELD. 1668 01:05:14,619 --> 01:05:19,090 IT HAS NOT JUST THE ABILITY TO 1669 01:05:19,090 --> 01:05:23,361 BE ABLE TO SCREEN AND FOLLOW 1670 01:05:23,361 --> 01:05:24,963 THESE TEENAGERS NOW, CLOSE TO 1671 01:05:24,963 --> 01:05:28,566 95% OF THEM ARE STILL RETAINING 1672 01:05:28,566 --> 01:05:31,770 THE STORY, AND VERY, VERY 1673 01:05:31,770 --> 01:05:35,240 TALENTED INVESTIGATORS, BUT ALSO 1674 01:05:35,240 --> 01:05:38,276 THE OPEN SOURCE, THE OPEN SOURCE 1675 01:05:38,276 --> 01:05:42,013 FORMAT OF THE STUDY THAT HAS 1676 01:05:42,013 --> 01:05:45,016 ENABLED THE DATA TO BE AVAILABLE 1677 01:05:45,016 --> 01:05:47,152 FOR INVESTIGATORS, COMPLETELY 1678 01:05:47,152 --> 01:05:48,520 OPENLY AND WITH THE RESOURCES 1679 01:05:48,520 --> 01:05:50,522 THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THEM TO 1680 01:05:50,522 --> 01:05:52,257 TAKE ADVANTAGE OF IT. 1681 01:05:52,257 --> 01:05:54,426 AND IT'S A PERFECT EXAMPLE ABOUT 1682 01:05:54,426 --> 01:05:58,129 HOW MAKING DATA ACCESSIBLE AND 1683 01:05:58,129 --> 01:06:02,033 AVAILABLE THAT IS UNIQUE, THAT 1684 01:06:02,033 --> 01:06:02,767 CAN ADVANCE SCIENCE AND 1685 01:06:02,767 --> 01:06:04,302 KNOWLEDGE IN WAYS THAT NOTHING 1686 01:06:04,302 --> 01:06:07,238 ELSE CAN DO. 1687 01:06:07,238 --> 01:06:09,707 AND SO WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE 1688 01:06:09,707 --> 01:06:10,008 ABCD? 1689 01:06:10,008 --> 01:06:13,244 SO WE HAVE THERE THE PUBLICATION 1690 01:06:13,244 --> 01:06:14,646 WHICH, OF COURSE, IN THE 1691 01:06:14,646 --> 01:06:15,814 CLINICAL WORLD IS THE WAY THAT 1692 01:06:15,814 --> 01:06:17,482 WE EVALUATE HOW SUCCESSFUL A 1693 01:06:17,482 --> 01:06:19,117 PARTICULAR PROJECT IS IN 1694 01:06:19,117 --> 01:06:22,821 ACADEMIA, AND IT'S CLOSE TO 1695 01:06:22,821 --> 01:06:24,756 1,300 PUBLICATIONS BY 2025 THAT 1696 01:06:24,756 --> 01:06:29,227 IS ON APRIL 28, 2025, WE HAVE 1697 01:06:29,227 --> 01:06:31,763 1,293 PUBLICATIONS, AND IN THE 1698 01:06:31,763 --> 01:06:33,465 PROCESS, THE PUBLICATIONS HAVE 1699 01:06:33,465 --> 01:06:36,768 BEEN OF RELEVANCE NOT JUST IN 1700 01:06:36,768 --> 01:06:38,169 OUR UNDERSTANDING NORMAL BRAIN 1701 01:06:38,169 --> 01:06:39,671 DEVELOPMENT, WHICH ACTUALLY THE 1702 01:06:39,671 --> 01:06:42,273 QUESTION IS CREATING THE 1703 01:06:42,273 --> 01:06:44,542 NORMATIVE DATASETS THAT CAN THEN 1704 01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:46,644 HELP US UNDERSTAND IF THESE 1705 01:06:46,644 --> 01:06:48,112 TEENAGERS ARE -- BECAUSE NOW 1706 01:06:48,112 --> 01:06:49,447 THEY'RE STARTING TO TAKE DRUGS, 1707 01:06:49,447 --> 01:06:53,952 HOW DOES IT CHANGE THOSE BRAIN 1708 01:06:53,952 --> 01:06:54,786 DEVELOPMENTS, BUT ALSO ASKS 1709 01:06:54,786 --> 01:06:56,187 QUESTION, BECAUSE WE HAVE 1710 01:06:56,187 --> 01:06:59,224 FOLLOWING THEM PROSPECTIVELY, 1711 01:06:59,224 --> 01:07:00,625 DOES IT REACT IN THEIR BRAIN OR 1712 01:07:00,625 --> 01:07:02,360 THEIR SURROUNDINGS BECAUSE ALL 1713 01:07:02,360 --> 01:07:09,467 OF THESE TEENAGERS HAVE A VERY 1714 01:07:09,467 --> 01:07:17,075 GREAT PHENOTYPICAL ACTIVATION. 1715 01:07:17,075 --> 01:07:18,309 ARE THERE FACTORS THAT WE 1716 01:07:18,309 --> 01:07:19,277 IDENTIFY THAT THEY ARE AT HIGHER 1717 01:07:19,277 --> 01:07:21,713 RISK TO TAKE DRUGS, AND TO 1718 01:07:21,713 --> 01:07:25,350 ANSWER THAT QUESTION, THAT HAS 1719 01:07:25,350 --> 01:07:26,117 HAUNTED RESEARCHERS AND 1720 01:07:26,117 --> 01:07:27,819 CLINICIANS FOR YEARS, IS IT 1721 01:07:27,819 --> 01:07:29,120 PEOPLE THAT SMOKE MARIJUANA 1722 01:07:29,120 --> 01:07:31,823 DEVELOP SCHIZOPHRENIA, IS IT 1723 01:07:31,823 --> 01:07:33,191 THAT SCHIZOPHRENIA IS 1724 01:07:33,191 --> 01:07:34,792 PRODUCING -- THE MARIJUANA IS 1725 01:07:34,792 --> 01:07:35,793 PRODUCING THE SCHIZOPHRENIA, OR 1726 01:07:35,793 --> 01:07:38,296 IS IT THAT THERE IS A 1727 01:07:38,296 --> 01:07:39,464 VULNERABILITY FACTOR THAT MAKES 1728 01:07:39,464 --> 01:07:42,300 A KID VULNERABLE TO SMOKING 1729 01:07:42,300 --> 01:07:43,768 MARIJUANA AND VULNERABLE TO 1730 01:07:43,768 --> 01:07:46,638 DEVELOP A SCHIZOPHRENIA? 1731 01:07:46,638 --> 01:07:54,779 IS THERE MECHANISTIC LINKAGE, SO 1732 01:07:54,779 --> 01:07:56,281 NOW WE START TO HAVE THE DATA AT 1733 01:07:56,281 --> 01:07:59,317 A MUCH GREATER SAMPLE SIZE THAN 1734 01:07:59,317 --> 01:08:01,519 ANY OTHER WITH THIS PROSPECTIVE 1735 01:08:01,519 --> 01:08:03,454 DESIGN TO START TO ANSWER THESE 1736 01:08:03,454 --> 01:08:05,089 QUESTIONS. 1737 01:08:05,089 --> 01:08:06,891 MEANWHILE, THE DATA, IT RESULTS 1738 01:08:06,891 --> 01:08:09,160 IN IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS ACROSS 1739 01:08:09,160 --> 01:08:11,496 MULTIPLE AREAS OF SCIENCE, WAY 1740 01:08:11,496 --> 01:08:14,365 BEYOND ONLY SUBSTANCE USE 1741 01:08:14,365 --> 01:08:16,935 DISORDERS AND MENTAL HEALTH, IT 1742 01:08:16,935 --> 01:08:18,102 HAS INFLUENCED ALREADY 108 1743 01:08:18,102 --> 01:08:20,004 POLICY AND CLINICAL GUIDANCE 1744 01:08:20,004 --> 01:08:23,308 ACROSS THE WORLD WHERE THE ABCD 1745 01:08:23,308 --> 01:08:25,343 HAS BEEN USED TO ACTUALLY CEMENT 1746 01:08:25,343 --> 01:08:26,177 GUIDELINES OR POLICIES. 1747 01:08:26,177 --> 01:08:30,081 AND THIS, AGAIN, IT'S NOT JUST 1748 01:08:30,081 --> 01:08:32,951 THE IMPACT THAT IT HAS AS IT 1749 01:08:32,951 --> 01:08:35,753 RELATES TO ACADEMIC PAPERS, BUT 1750 01:08:35,753 --> 01:08:36,854 ULTIMATELY TAKING THAT KNOWLEDGE 1751 01:08:36,854 --> 01:08:39,490 THAT CAN THEN GUIDE OTHERS TO 1752 01:08:39,490 --> 01:08:42,060 DEVELOP POLICIES OR GUIDELINES. 1753 01:08:42,060 --> 01:08:45,730 SO THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN SO 1754 01:08:45,730 --> 01:08:47,665 INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL THAT WE -- 1755 01:08:47,665 --> 01:08:49,867 AND WE ALSO AT THE SAME TIME 1756 01:08:49,867 --> 01:08:51,269 RECOGNIZE THAT, OF COURSE, BRAIN 1757 01:08:51,269 --> 01:08:52,837 DEVELOPMENT DOES NOT START AT 1758 01:08:52,837 --> 01:08:55,340 AGE 9 OR 10. 1759 01:08:55,340 --> 01:08:57,475 WE STARTED AT AGE 9 OR 10 1760 01:08:57,475 --> 01:08:59,544 BECAUSE WE NEED INFORMATION IN A 1761 01:08:59,544 --> 01:09:00,812 RELATIVELY SHORTER PERIOD TO 1762 01:09:00,812 --> 01:09:01,879 OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA 1763 01:09:01,879 --> 01:09:03,748 WHEN ALL OF THESE LEGALIZATION 1764 01:09:03,748 --> 01:09:07,085 OF MARIJUANA IS GOING ACROSS THE 1765 01:09:07,085 --> 01:09:09,253 COUNTRY, SO THAT WE CAN PROVIDE 1766 01:09:09,253 --> 01:09:11,255 GUIDELINES TO OTHERS, WHETHER 1767 01:09:11,255 --> 01:09:13,758 WHY IS IT THAT MARIJUANA DOES TO 1768 01:09:13,758 --> 01:09:17,428 THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN, SO THAT 1769 01:09:17,428 --> 01:09:21,499 LED US TO START WITH CHILDREN 9 1770 01:09:21,499 --> 01:09:23,601 TO 10, BUT WE REALIZE THAT, NO, 1771 01:09:23,601 --> 01:09:25,103 WE NEED TO START VERY EARLY ON, 1772 01:09:25,103 --> 01:09:28,906 AND WITH THIS SUCCESS WITH THE 1773 01:09:28,906 --> 01:09:31,776 ABCD, WE GOT INVOLVED IN 2023, 1774 01:09:31,776 --> 01:09:33,344 WE LAUNCHED AN EQUIVALENT STUDY 1775 01:09:33,344 --> 01:09:35,546 THAT HELD THE BRAIN AND CHILD 1776 01:09:35,546 --> 01:09:39,584 DEVELOPMENT STORY, OR HBDC, THAT 1777 01:09:39,584 --> 01:09:43,021 IS GOING JOINTLY WITH BASIC 1778 01:09:43,021 --> 01:09:46,257 RESOURCES FROM HEAL AND ALSO 1779 01:09:46,257 --> 01:09:49,494 RESOURCES FROM NIDA AND MANY 1780 01:09:49,494 --> 01:09:49,894 OTHER INSTITUTES. 1781 01:09:49,894 --> 01:09:52,797 AND THAT STARTS BY RECRUITING 1782 01:09:52,797 --> 01:09:54,632 PREGNANT WOMEN AND WITH THE IDEA 1783 01:09:54,632 --> 01:09:57,869 OF FOLLOWING THEIR INFANTS UNTIL 1784 01:09:57,869 --> 01:09:59,704 THEY REACH AGE 9 TO 10. 1785 01:09:59,704 --> 01:10:01,873 SO IT'S A SIMILAR DESIGN IN WAYS 1786 01:10:01,873 --> 01:10:05,977 THAT ARE APPROPRIATE FOR A MUCH 1787 01:10:05,977 --> 01:10:09,480 STRONGER GROUP OF CHILDREN, 1788 01:10:09,480 --> 01:10:11,115 INFANTS, IN FACT, THAT IS 1789 01:10:11,115 --> 01:10:14,919 DIFFERENT, BUT THE GOAL IS TO 1790 01:10:14,919 --> 01:10:16,187 ALSO HAVE PERIODIC EVALUATION OF 1791 01:10:16,187 --> 01:10:17,889 THEIR BRAINS, OF THE FAMILY 1792 01:10:17,889 --> 01:10:19,991 ENVIRONMENT, OF THE LANGUAGE 1793 01:10:19,991 --> 01:10:23,127 ACQUISITION, OF THEIR SOCIAL 1794 01:10:23,127 --> 01:10:26,397 SKILLS, AND FROM THE INCEPTION, 1795 01:10:26,397 --> 01:10:28,733 TO TRY TO ACTUALLY RECRUIT WOMEN 1796 01:10:28,733 --> 01:10:32,670 THAT ARE EXPOSED TO DRUGS. 1797 01:10:32,670 --> 01:10:34,505 SO IT IS A VERY IMPORTANT 1798 01:10:34,505 --> 01:10:37,308 QUESTION ABOUT HOW DO DRUG USE 1799 01:10:37,308 --> 01:10:40,378 IN PREGNANCY INFLUENCE BRAIN 1800 01:10:40,378 --> 01:10:42,046 DEVELOPMENT AND IF THERE ARE 1801 01:10:42,046 --> 01:10:43,748 NOTICES CHANGES, BEING ABLE TO 1802 01:10:43,748 --> 01:10:44,682 CHARACTERIZE THEM IS CRUCIAL 1803 01:10:44,682 --> 01:10:47,985 BECAUSE THEN THAT GIVES YOU A 1804 01:10:47,985 --> 01:10:50,755 WAY OF CREATING TARGETS FOR 1805 01:10:50,755 --> 01:10:54,092 INTERVENTIONS THAT HOPEFULLY CAN 1806 01:10:54,092 --> 01:10:54,425 BUFFER THEM. 1807 01:10:54,425 --> 01:10:58,563 SO THIS IS AN UPDATE ON WHERE WE 1808 01:10:58,563 --> 01:10:58,930 ARE. 1809 01:10:58,930 --> 01:11:03,935 THE STUDY, WHICH IS ACTUALLY 1810 01:11:03,935 --> 01:11:07,271 ALREADY ENROLLED 3,282 1811 01:11:07,271 --> 01:11:10,341 PARTICIPANTS, WHICH IS 104% OF 1812 01:11:10,341 --> 01:11:13,544 OUR TARGET, OF WHOM 36.3% OF 1813 01:11:13,544 --> 01:11:14,846 THOSE WOMEN REPORT PRENATAL 1814 01:11:14,846 --> 01:11:15,546 SUBSTANCE USE. 1815 01:11:15,546 --> 01:11:17,882 SO ON THE RIGHT, YOU SEE THE 1816 01:11:17,882 --> 01:11:19,250 PART THERE OF COMBINATIONS. 1817 01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:21,252 AND TOMORROW, YOU WILL BE 1818 01:11:21,252 --> 01:11:24,822 HEARING A MUCH GREATER UPDATE ON 1819 01:11:24,822 --> 01:11:28,459 DR. CHRISTOPHER WHO DIRECTS THIS 1820 01:11:28,459 --> 01:11:31,162 PROGRAM, VERY ABLE BRING. 1821 01:11:31,162 --> 01:11:33,531 SO I WILL THEN LET YOU ALL WAIT 1822 01:11:33,531 --> 01:11:34,398 UNTIL TOMORROW SO YOU GET MORE 1823 01:11:34,398 --> 01:11:37,802 DETAILS. 1824 01:11:37,802 --> 01:11:41,639 AND THEN I WANT TO JUMP RIGHT 1825 01:11:41,639 --> 01:11:43,374 NOW INTO OUR SORT OF UPDATE OF 1826 01:11:43,374 --> 01:11:46,511 WHERE WE ARE WITH THE OVERDOSE 1827 01:11:46,511 --> 01:11:49,147 CRISIS, AND I WAS HINTING THAT 1828 01:11:49,147 --> 01:11:51,516 WE START -- FINALLY STARTING TO 1829 01:11:51,516 --> 01:11:54,152 SEE CHANGES, AND I PRESENTED 1830 01:11:54,152 --> 01:11:56,788 CHANGES, DECREASES LAST 1831 01:11:56,788 --> 01:11:59,290 SEPTEMBER COUNCIL, OPEN COUNCIL, 1832 01:11:59,290 --> 01:12:01,259 BUT NOTHING LIKE WHAT WE'RE 1833 01:12:01,259 --> 01:12:01,959 OBSERVING RIGHT NOW. 1834 01:12:01,959 --> 01:12:03,427 WHEN I WAS PRESENTING IN 1835 01:12:03,427 --> 01:12:05,229 SEPTEMBER, I WAS SAYING I THINK 1836 01:12:05,229 --> 01:12:08,766 THESE ANNUAL DECREASES IN 1837 01:12:08,766 --> 01:12:10,635 MORTALITY, OVERDOSE MORTALITY, 1838 01:12:10,635 --> 01:12:11,903 THAT THESE BASICALLY FOR THE 1839 01:12:11,903 --> 01:12:16,240 YEAR THAT ENDS IN NOVEMBER 2024, 1840 01:12:16,240 --> 01:12:17,608 IS 36.5%. 1841 01:12:17,608 --> 01:12:20,678 IT IS THE LARGEST DECLINE IN ONE 1842 01:12:20,678 --> 01:12:23,080 SINGLE YEAR THAT WE'VE EVER SEEN 1843 01:12:23,080 --> 01:12:26,651 FOR OVERDOSES. 1844 01:12:26,651 --> 01:12:29,353 26.5% LESS PEOPLE DYING IN ONE 1845 01:12:29,353 --> 01:12:29,787 YEAR. 1846 01:12:29,787 --> 01:12:32,957 NOW, WHAT DOES THAT MEAN, 26.5% 1847 01:12:32,957 --> 01:12:34,892 IS A NUMBER, BUT IF YOU TAKE 1848 01:12:34,892 --> 01:12:38,462 ACTUALLY HOW THAT NUMBER 1849 01:12:38,462 --> 01:12:40,331 TRANSLATES IN PEOPLE SAVED, IN 1850 01:12:40,331 --> 01:12:44,335 NOVEMBER 2023, THERE WERE 1851 01:12:44,335 --> 01:12:47,405 111,708 PEOPLE WHO DIE OF 1852 01:12:47,405 --> 01:12:47,672 OVERDOSES. 1853 01:12:47,672 --> 01:12:50,141 LAST YEAR IN NOVEMBER, THERE 1854 01:12:50,141 --> 01:12:52,677 WERE 82,000, SO IT'S BASICALLY 1855 01:12:52,677 --> 01:12:54,679 30,000, CLOSE TO 30,000 LESS 1856 01:12:54,679 --> 01:12:59,350 PEOPLE THAT DIE IN ONE YEAR, AND 1857 01:12:59,350 --> 01:13:02,019 THIS IS A REALLY PHENOMENAL, 1858 01:13:02,019 --> 01:13:02,486 VIS-A-VIS IMPACT. 1859 01:13:02,486 --> 01:13:06,057 AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT 1860 01:13:06,057 --> 01:13:08,793 COLUMNS, YOU COME TO REALIZE 1861 01:13:08,793 --> 01:13:11,996 THIS THIS IS CONSISTENT ACROSS 1862 01:13:11,996 --> 01:13:15,867 ALL THE CATEGORIES, SO YOU SEE 1863 01:13:15,867 --> 01:13:19,704 SYNTHETIC OPIATES, DOMINANTLY 1864 01:13:19,704 --> 01:13:21,639 FENTANYL, 35% REDUCTION IN 1865 01:13:21,639 --> 01:13:22,607 OVERDOSES FROM FENTANYL. 1866 01:13:22,607 --> 01:13:27,345 THEN YOU ALSO SEE THEM ON 1867 01:13:27,345 --> 01:13:31,515 STIMULANTS, 25020%. 1868 01:13:31,515 --> 01:13:35,319 COCAINE, 27%. 1869 01:13:35,319 --> 01:13:36,587 HAIRN, HEROIN, 35%. 1870 01:13:36,587 --> 01:13:39,523 WE'RE SEEING A REDUCTION ACROSS 1871 01:13:39,523 --> 01:13:40,958 THE BOARD AND WE'RE SEEING -- I 1872 01:13:40,958 --> 01:13:42,994 MEAN, AS I MENTIONED BEFORE AND 1873 01:13:42,994 --> 01:13:45,563 I WILL COME BACK TO IT BECAUSE I 1874 01:13:45,563 --> 01:13:48,933 DO WANT TO GET IMPRINTED IN ALL 1875 01:13:48,933 --> 01:13:50,801 OF YOUR BRAINS, IT IS NOW RARE 1876 01:13:50,801 --> 01:13:53,271 TO SEE SOMEONE OVERDOSING, A 1877 01:13:53,271 --> 01:13:55,740 FATALITY THAT TS ONLY ONE SINGLE 1878 01:13:55,740 --> 01:13:55,973 DRUG. 1879 01:13:55,973 --> 01:13:59,243 IT'S MULTIPLE DRUGS, AND THAT'S 1880 01:13:59,243 --> 01:14:01,812 WHY WHEN YOU TRY TO ADD THOSE 1881 01:14:01,812 --> 01:14:04,382 NUMBERS, IT GOES BEYOND 82,000 1882 01:14:04,382 --> 01:14:06,817 BECAUSE THEY -- IF SOMEONE DIED 1883 01:14:06,817 --> 01:14:07,985 WITH METHAMPHETAMINE AND 1884 01:14:07,985 --> 01:14:10,988 FENTANYL, IT'S COUNTED ON BOTH 1885 01:14:10,988 --> 01:14:12,490 COLUMNS. 1886 01:14:12,490 --> 01:14:16,227 SO POLYSUBSTANCE USE OVERDOSES 1887 01:14:16,227 --> 01:14:17,228 ARE BASICALLY THE TYPICAL WAY 1888 01:14:17,228 --> 01:14:19,563 THAT WE CURRENTLY ARE OBSERVING 1889 01:14:19,563 --> 01:14:24,568 PEOPLE DYING FROM OVERDOSES. 1890 01:14:24,568 --> 01:14:26,370 NOW, THOSE ARE JUST THE NUMBERS, 1891 01:14:26,370 --> 01:14:27,738 BUT I DO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT 1892 01:14:27,738 --> 01:14:30,374 SOMETHING THAT IS IMPORTANT TO 1893 01:14:30,374 --> 01:14:30,775 CONSIDER. 1894 01:14:30,775 --> 01:14:33,844 WHEN YOU SEE THESE SIGNIFICANT 1895 01:14:33,844 --> 01:14:35,746 REDUCTIONS OF 26% IN ONE YEAR, 1896 01:14:35,746 --> 01:14:38,249 THE QUESTION THAT EMERGES IS 1897 01:14:38,249 --> 01:14:40,551 WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT 1898 01:14:40,551 --> 01:14:40,818 REDUCTION? 1899 01:14:40,818 --> 01:14:42,887 IT'S CRUCIAL, JUST LIKE I WAS 1900 01:14:42,887 --> 01:14:44,455 SAYING, WHY WE'RE SEEING LESS 1901 01:14:44,455 --> 01:14:45,823 TEENAGERS TAKING DRUGS. 1902 01:14:45,823 --> 01:14:48,025 WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHY WE'RE 1903 01:14:48,025 --> 01:14:49,327 REDUCING BECAUSE THAT THEN WE 1904 01:14:49,327 --> 01:14:54,565 WANT TO AMPLIFY SO THAT WE CAN 1905 01:14:54,565 --> 01:14:55,166 ACCELERATE FURTHER REDUCTIONS. 1906 01:14:55,166 --> 01:14:56,600 SO FOR THAT, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT 1907 01:14:56,600 --> 01:14:58,836 WE LOOK AT THE TEMPORAL COURSE 1908 01:14:58,836 --> 01:14:59,737 OF EVENTS. 1909 01:14:59,737 --> 01:15:02,606 YOU SEE HOW IN THE GREEN CURVE, 1910 01:15:02,606 --> 01:15:05,376 WHICH IS ALL OF THE DRUGS, AND 1911 01:15:05,376 --> 01:15:07,211 THEN BELOW THEM ARE ALL OF THE 1912 01:15:07,211 --> 01:15:10,181 OPIOID DRUGS, WHICH INCLUDES 1913 01:15:10,181 --> 01:15:11,315 FENTANYL AND HEROIN AND 1914 01:15:11,315 --> 01:15:14,251 PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS. 1915 01:15:14,251 --> 01:15:18,255 SO LET'S FOCUS ON THE GREENS AND 1916 01:15:18,255 --> 01:15:20,124 THE BLACKS, AND BASICALLY, ALL 1917 01:15:20,124 --> 01:15:23,060 OF THEM ARE GOING DOWN QUITE 1918 01:15:23,060 --> 01:15:25,363 SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT YOU SEE IT 1919 01:15:25,363 --> 01:15:26,197 STARTS TO GO DOWN AROUND JULY 1920 01:15:26,197 --> 01:15:27,365 2023 AND THAT'S WHEN WE'RE 1921 01:15:27,365 --> 01:15:28,132 STARTING TO SEE IT. 1922 01:15:28,132 --> 01:15:29,633 AND IT HAS CONTINUED. 1923 01:15:29,633 --> 01:15:33,504 BUT IF YOU GO LEFTWARD AND YOU 1924 01:15:33,504 --> 01:15:35,973 SEE ACTUALLY IN THE TRANSITION 1925 01:15:35,973 --> 01:15:37,575 FROM 2019 TO 2020 WHEN WE HAVE 1926 01:15:37,575 --> 01:15:39,744 THE COVID PANDEMIC, WE SHOW A 1927 01:15:39,744 --> 01:15:42,813 SIGNIFICANT RISE, 30% INCREASE 1928 01:15:42,813 --> 01:15:44,315 IN MORTALITY FROM 2019 TO 2020, 1929 01:15:44,315 --> 01:15:48,519 AND YOU SEE THAT PEAK OVER HERE. 1930 01:15:48,519 --> 01:15:51,355 AND THEN IT BASICALLY, THE 1931 01:15:51,355 --> 01:15:54,225 INCREASE WAS NOT AS ENORMOUS, 1932 01:15:54,225 --> 01:15:56,427 BUT IT CONTINUED TO RAISE IN 1933 01:15:56,427 --> 01:15:58,195 2021, 15% MORE. 1934 01:15:58,195 --> 01:15:59,930 SO THE WHOLE YEAR HERE. 1935 01:15:59,930 --> 01:16:01,899 SO BETWEEN 2020 AND 2021, THERE 1936 01:16:01,899 --> 01:16:06,103 WAS A 45% INCREASE. 1937 01:16:06,103 --> 01:16:07,738 SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO THINK 1938 01:16:07,738 --> 01:16:09,106 ABOUT IT BECAUSE ACTUALLY, WHAT 1939 01:16:09,106 --> 01:16:11,542 ONE SAYS, I MEAN, WAS IT 1940 01:16:11,542 --> 01:16:13,277 SURPRISING THAT THERE WAS AN 1941 01:16:13,277 --> 01:16:15,079 INCREASE RISE IN OVERDOSE 1942 01:16:15,079 --> 01:16:16,447 MORTALITY DURING THE COVID 1943 01:16:16,447 --> 01:16:17,448 CRISIS? 1944 01:16:17,448 --> 01:16:19,417 WHAT IS IT TELLING US? 1945 01:16:19,417 --> 01:16:22,153 WELL, YES, SERVICES WERE MUCH 1946 01:16:22,153 --> 01:16:25,423 HARDER TO COME ABOUT, BUT THE 1947 01:16:25,423 --> 01:16:28,492 AMOUNT OF STRESS INCREASED 1948 01:16:28,492 --> 01:16:29,060 ENORMOUSLY. 1949 01:16:29,060 --> 01:16:33,431 AND AGAIN, ILLUSTRATES HOW 1950 01:16:33,431 --> 01:16:34,265 ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL STRESSORS 1951 01:16:34,265 --> 01:16:38,102 HAVE SUCH A PROFOUND EFFECT ON 1952 01:16:38,102 --> 01:16:40,404 DRUG USE PATTERNS AND 1953 01:16:40,404 --> 01:16:41,005 ESCALATION. 1954 01:16:41,005 --> 01:16:43,074 AND SO THESE WERE ACTUALLY, I 1955 01:16:43,074 --> 01:16:45,576 THINK, VERY MUCH NOTED DURING 1956 01:16:45,576 --> 01:16:46,177 THE COVID PANDEMIC. 1957 01:16:46,177 --> 01:16:48,345 AND SO COULD IT BE BECAUSE WE 1958 01:16:48,345 --> 01:16:49,780 KNOW THAT THE COVID PANDEMIC 1959 01:16:49,780 --> 01:16:51,449 PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE, COULD 1960 01:16:51,449 --> 01:16:53,317 IT BE THAT THE REDUCTIONS THAT 1961 01:16:53,317 --> 01:16:56,487 WE'RE SEEING RIGHT NOW JUST 1962 01:16:56,487 --> 01:16:59,590 REFLECT THE FACT THAT NOW WE 1963 01:16:59,590 --> 01:17:01,525 HAVE BASICALLY SOLVED THE COVID 1964 01:17:01,525 --> 01:17:02,560 PANDEMIC, THINGS HAVE BASICALLY, 1965 01:17:02,560 --> 01:17:06,997 FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES, 1966 01:17:06,997 --> 01:17:07,531 NORMALIZED? 1967 01:17:07,531 --> 01:17:12,069 SO ONE WOULD EXPECT THAT IT 1968 01:17:12,069 --> 01:17:15,239 PLATEAUS, BUT I DREW THIS LINE 1969 01:17:15,239 --> 01:17:17,041 AND I WAS ACTUALLY TRYING TO 1970 01:17:17,041 --> 01:17:19,043 TRICK MYSELF TO MAKE IT LOWER SO 1971 01:17:19,043 --> 01:17:20,511 I DIDN'T MAKE A MISTAKE TO SEE 1972 01:17:20,511 --> 01:17:22,513 IF IN FACT YOU ACTUALLY ARE 1973 01:17:22,513 --> 01:17:24,381 GOING BELOW, AND IT DOES LOOK 1974 01:17:24,381 --> 01:17:26,150 LIKE WE'RE GOING BELOW NUMBERS 1975 01:17:26,150 --> 01:17:27,718 WHERE WE'VE HAD BEFORE THE COVID 1976 01:17:27,718 --> 01:17:27,985 PANDEMIC. 1977 01:17:27,985 --> 01:17:30,654 AND I DO NOT KNOW IF IT'S MY 1978 01:17:30,654 --> 01:17:34,291 WISHFUL THINKING, BUT IT'S 1979 01:17:34,291 --> 01:17:35,826 ACTUALLY SUGGEST TO ME THAT WE 1980 01:17:35,826 --> 01:17:39,263 ARE DECLINING NOT JUST BECAUSE 1981 01:17:39,263 --> 01:17:40,664 WE SOLVE MANY OF THE CHALLENGES 1982 01:17:40,664 --> 01:17:42,633 DURING THE COVID PANDEMIC, BUT 1983 01:17:42,633 --> 01:17:44,235 SOME OF THE INTERVENTIONS THAT 1984 01:17:44,235 --> 01:17:46,137 WE DID ARE PAYING OFF, AND 1985 01:17:46,137 --> 01:17:46,971 THAT'S WHERE I WANT TO JUMP 1986 01:17:46,971 --> 01:17:49,507 RIGHT NOW INTO. 1987 01:17:49,507 --> 01:17:52,209 SO WHAT ARE SOME OF THOSE 1988 01:17:52,209 --> 01:17:52,543 INTERVENTIONS? 1989 01:17:52,543 --> 01:17:54,612 AND AT THE SAME TIME, AS WE ARE 1990 01:17:54,612 --> 01:17:56,981 DEALING THROUGH THEM, WHAT ARE 1991 01:17:56,981 --> 01:18:00,684 STILL SOME OF THE TOP AREAS? 1992 01:18:00,684 --> 01:18:03,554 SO FROM THAT BEGINNING OF THE 1993 01:18:03,554 --> 01:18:05,956 OVERDOSE CRISIS, WE WERE VERY, 1994 01:18:05,956 --> 01:18:09,660 VERY AWARE THAT WE NEEDED TO 1995 01:18:09,660 --> 01:18:12,396 PRIORITIZE STRUCTURES THAT WOULD 1996 01:18:12,396 --> 01:18:15,499 ENABLE AND MAXIMIZE OUR ABILITY 1997 01:18:15,499 --> 01:18:17,601 TO PROVIDE FOR TREATMENT FOR 1998 01:18:17,601 --> 01:18:18,936 INDIVIDUALS WITH AN OPIATE USE 1999 01:18:18,936 --> 01:18:19,737 DISORDER BECAUSE THEY WERE AT 2000 01:18:19,737 --> 01:18:21,672 THE HIGHEST RISK OF OVERDOSING, 2001 01:18:21,672 --> 01:18:25,009 NUMBER ONE, AND NUMBER TWO, 2002 01:18:25,009 --> 01:18:26,544 BECAUSE THEIR TREATMENT 2003 01:18:26,544 --> 01:18:27,178 SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTING THEM 2004 01:18:27,178 --> 01:18:28,812 FROM OVERDOSES ALL ALONG. 2005 01:18:28,812 --> 01:18:29,547 THAT WAS ONE. 2006 01:18:29,547 --> 01:18:33,584 AND THE OTHER ONE, WE WANTED TO 2007 01:18:33,584 --> 01:18:35,686 MAXIMIZE THE STRUCTURE, THE 2008 01:18:35,686 --> 01:18:38,255 SOCIAL STRUCTURE SYSTEMS THAT WE 2009 01:18:38,255 --> 01:18:47,731 HAVE TO PROVIDE NALOXONE, THE 2010 01:18:47,731 --> 01:18:49,333 OVERDOSE REVERSAL MEDICATION TO 2011 01:18:49,333 --> 01:18:51,268 AS WIDE A POPULATION AS POSSIBLE 2012 01:18:51,268 --> 01:18:53,103 AND PROVIDE IT IN THE MOST 2013 01:18:53,103 --> 01:18:53,771 EFFECTIVE FORMULATION THAT WE 2014 01:18:53,771 --> 01:18:59,076 COULD GIVE. 2015 01:18:59,076 --> 01:19:00,911 SO AGAIN, HOW WE STRATEGIZE ON 2016 01:19:00,911 --> 01:19:03,714 DOING THAT AND OUR PRIORITIES, 2017 01:19:03,714 --> 01:19:04,949 SCIENTIFICALLY, WAS AGAIN TO 2018 01:19:04,949 --> 01:19:06,684 TAKE ADVANTAGE OF A SHELTER 2019 01:19:06,684 --> 01:19:09,553 SYSTEM THAT WE HAVE IN OUR 2020 01:19:09,553 --> 01:19:11,755 COUNTRY AND THE RECOGNITION OF 2021 01:19:11,755 --> 01:19:13,290 DATA SHOWING, BECAUSE I THINK 2022 01:19:13,290 --> 01:19:17,127 THAT, AGAIN, DATA GUIDES YOU, 2023 01:19:17,127 --> 01:19:20,297 THAT THE DATA IN DID IT STATES 2024 01:19:20,297 --> 01:19:21,732 WERE BASICALLY DESCRIBING THAT 2025 01:19:21,732 --> 01:19:24,401 60 TO 70% OF PEOPLE THAT HAVE 2026 01:19:24,401 --> 01:19:26,737 DIED FROM AN OVERDOSE WITHIN THE 2027 01:19:26,737 --> 01:19:29,273 PAST YEAR HAVE HAD A CONTACT 2028 01:19:29,273 --> 01:19:29,940 WITH A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER OR 2029 01:19:29,940 --> 01:19:31,642 SYSTEM. 2030 01:19:31,642 --> 01:19:33,177 60 TO 70%. 2031 01:19:33,177 --> 01:19:35,112 SO THE QUESTION, I MEAN, THIS 2032 01:19:35,112 --> 01:19:38,115 WAS THE ISSUE, THEY HAD THAT 2033 01:19:38,115 --> 01:19:40,150 CONTACT, WHY DIDN'T WE 2034 01:19:40,150 --> 01:19:40,718 INTERVENE, WHICH COULD HAVE 2035 01:19:40,718 --> 01:19:42,519 SAVED THEIR LIFE? 2036 01:19:42,519 --> 01:19:45,356 AND THE OTHER ONE, TOO, WAS 2037 01:19:45,356 --> 01:19:47,391 NOTED OF THE PEOPLE THAT WERE 2038 01:19:47,391 --> 01:19:50,027 DYING FROM OVERDOSES, ANYWHERE 2039 01:19:50,027 --> 01:19:52,196 FROM 30 TO 35% OF THEM HAD BEEN 2040 01:19:52,196 --> 01:19:55,266 IN THE PAST YEAR IN CONTACT WITH 2041 01:19:55,266 --> 01:19:57,201 JUSTICE SETTING. 2042 01:19:57,201 --> 01:20:01,872 SO AGAIN, THIS WAS WHAT WERE 2043 01:20:01,872 --> 01:20:05,542 DESCRIBED AS TOUCHPOINTS BECAUSE 2044 01:20:05,542 --> 01:20:06,977 HERE WE HAVE A HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 2045 01:20:06,977 --> 01:20:07,911 IF YOU TAKE ADVANTAGE OF 2046 01:20:07,911 --> 01:20:10,714 SCREENING AND INTERVENING, YOU 2047 01:20:10,714 --> 01:20:12,283 CAN PREVENT A LOT OF OVERDOSES 2048 01:20:12,283 --> 01:20:16,020 AND DEATHS, 65 TO 70%, AND THE 2049 01:20:16,020 --> 01:20:17,688 SAME THING WHERE OUR JUSTICE 2050 01:20:17,688 --> 01:20:20,024 SETTING, YOU COULD PREVENT 30% 2051 01:20:20,024 --> 01:20:22,726 TO 35% OF OVERDOSES. 2052 01:20:22,726 --> 01:20:26,063 SO THAT BECAME OUR PRIORITY AND 2053 01:20:26,063 --> 01:20:28,699 WE JUST FOCUS ON THAT. 2054 01:20:28,699 --> 01:20:30,067 TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE CLINICAL 2055 01:20:30,067 --> 01:20:31,602 TRIAL NETWORKS THAT HAVE BEEN 2056 01:20:31,602 --> 01:20:33,570 DEVELOPED NOW FOR MANY YEARS AT 2057 01:20:33,570 --> 01:20:37,574 NIDA TO DO CLINICAL TRIALS TO 2058 01:20:37,574 --> 01:20:39,576 BRING HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS OF 2059 01:20:39,576 --> 01:20:41,445 DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES TO BE ABLE 2060 01:20:41,445 --> 01:20:42,980 TO RECOGNIZE AND TREAT PEOPLE 2061 01:20:42,980 --> 01:20:49,186 WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, 2062 01:20:49,186 --> 01:20:50,688 OPIATE USE DISORDER, AND TO 2063 01:20:50,688 --> 01:20:52,523 GENERATE A MODEL OF CARE THAT 2064 01:20:52,523 --> 01:20:53,857 COULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN THOSE 2065 01:20:53,857 --> 01:20:54,291 HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. 2066 01:20:54,291 --> 01:20:56,894 THAT'S WHAT THE NIDA CLINICAL 2067 01:20:56,894 --> 01:20:58,162 TRIAL NETWORK ENABLED US TO DO. 2068 01:20:58,162 --> 01:21:04,168 THE OTHER ONE, WE DIDN'T HAVE 2069 01:21:04,168 --> 01:21:05,969 IT, BUT WE DEVELOPED WHY THERE 2070 01:21:05,969 --> 01:21:10,074 WAS A NEED FOR SOME, BASICALLY 2071 01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:13,444 CREATING THIS CONCEPT OF JUSTICE 2072 01:21:13,444 --> 01:21:14,445 COMMUNITY INNOVATION NETWORK 2073 01:21:14,445 --> 01:21:15,746 THAT WOULD ALLOW RESEARCHERS AND 2074 01:21:15,746 --> 01:21:19,183 PEOPLE IN THE JUSTICE SETTING TO 2075 01:21:19,183 --> 01:21:22,052 WORK TOGETHER, TO WORK 2076 01:21:22,052 --> 01:21:22,653 IMPLEMENTING TREATMENT WITH 2077 01:21:22,653 --> 01:21:23,754 OPIATE USE DISORDERS USING 2078 01:21:23,754 --> 01:21:24,621 DIFFERENT MODELS WHILE THE 2079 01:21:24,621 --> 01:21:26,490 PERSON IS INCARCERATED OR BEFORE 2080 01:21:26,490 --> 01:21:29,727 THEY GET RELEASED INTO THEIR 2081 01:21:29,727 --> 01:21:33,664 COMMUNITIES, OR IN TRANSITIONING 2082 01:21:33,664 --> 01:21:34,264 PROCESSES. 2083 01:21:34,264 --> 01:21:36,667 AND THESE TWO STRATEGIES, THE 2084 01:21:36,667 --> 01:21:41,038 NIDA CLINICAL TRIAL NETWORK, THE 2085 01:21:41,038 --> 01:21:43,407 JCOIN IN JUSTICE SETTING, 2086 01:21:43,407 --> 01:21:46,276 BASICALLY TRANSFORM THE WAY THAT 2087 01:21:46,276 --> 01:21:47,044 WE ARE DELIVERING TREATMENT AND 2088 01:21:47,044 --> 01:21:48,545 SCREENING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 2089 01:21:48,545 --> 01:21:51,281 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN 2090 01:21:51,281 --> 01:21:52,483 MULTIPLE HEALTHCARE SETTINGS AND 2091 01:21:52,483 --> 01:21:54,618 IT HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY 2092 01:21:54,618 --> 01:21:57,488 THE WILLINGNESS OF JAILS AND 2093 01:21:57,488 --> 01:21:59,123 PRISONS TO PROVIDE FOR TREATMENT 2094 01:21:59,123 --> 01:22:02,559 OF OPIATE USE DISORDER AND TO 2095 01:22:02,559 --> 01:22:04,495 PROVIDE BEST CASE CARE WHEN THE 2096 01:22:04,495 --> 01:22:07,598 PEOPLE ARE INTEGRATED INTO THE 2097 01:22:07,598 --> 01:22:07,865 COMMUNITY. 2098 01:22:07,865 --> 01:22:09,733 AND WE ALSO WITH THE HEALING 2099 01:22:09,733 --> 01:22:11,535 COMMUNITY STUDY THAT I'M 2100 01:22:11,535 --> 01:22:12,636 HIGHLIGHTING HERE, THAT BROUGHT 2101 01:22:12,636 --> 01:22:14,371 INTO LIGHT IMPORTANCE OF 2102 01:22:14,371 --> 01:22:16,140 COMMUNITIES AND IMPORTANCE OF 2103 01:22:16,140 --> 01:22:18,909 BRINGING PEOPLE THAT ARE 2104 01:22:18,909 --> 01:22:20,844 ACTUALLY OUT THERE IN THE 2105 01:22:20,844 --> 01:22:23,013 PROCESS TO BE PARTICIPANTS BY 2106 01:22:23,013 --> 01:22:23,614 GENERATING PARTNERSHIPS WITH 2107 01:22:23,614 --> 01:22:25,716 HEALTHCARE, WITH JUSTICE, AND 2108 01:22:25,716 --> 01:22:30,821 WITH THE STATES, AND GUIDING 2109 01:22:30,821 --> 01:22:32,222 THEMSELVES NOT ON THE BASIS OF 2110 01:22:32,222 --> 01:22:34,658 THE DATA IN THEIR OWN LOCAL 2111 01:22:34,658 --> 01:22:38,796 COMMUNITIES TO ACTUALLY TAILOR 2112 01:22:38,796 --> 01:22:39,129 INTERVENTIONS. 2113 01:22:39,129 --> 01:22:42,065 AND THIS AT THE ESSENCE PROVIDES 2114 01:22:42,065 --> 01:22:43,700 A VERY POWERFUL INFRASTRUCTURE 2115 01:22:43,700 --> 01:22:47,871 TO START TO DERIVE IN PRINCIPLE 2116 01:22:47,871 --> 01:22:51,642 LIFETIME PASSIONS, WHAT IS THE 2117 01:22:51,642 --> 01:22:53,877 STATUS OF SUBSTANCE USE PROBLEMS 2118 01:22:53,877 --> 01:22:55,646 IN A PARTICULAR COMMUNITY AND 2119 01:22:55,646 --> 01:22:57,848 WHAT -- AND TAILOR THAT 2120 01:22:57,848 --> 01:22:59,817 INTERVENTIONS ACCORDINGLY. 2121 01:22:59,817 --> 01:23:02,052 AND ALSO EVALUATE HOW YOUR 2122 01:23:02,052 --> 01:23:02,820 INTERVENTIONS ULTIMATELY, WHAT 2123 01:23:02,820 --> 01:23:05,756 IS THE IMPACT OF THOSE 2124 01:23:05,756 --> 01:23:06,256 INTERVENTIONS. 2125 01:23:06,256 --> 01:23:09,860 SO THIS HAS BEEN ONE OF THE CORE 2126 01:23:09,860 --> 01:23:12,196 PRIORITIES OF WHAT WE'VE DONE, 2127 01:23:12,196 --> 01:23:15,365 WE, THE HEAL FUNDING, AND ONE OF 2128 01:23:15,365 --> 01:23:17,668 THE -- WE BELIEVE ONE OF THE 2129 01:23:17,668 --> 01:23:20,103 MOST IMPACTFUL INTERVENTIONS IN 2130 01:23:20,103 --> 01:23:22,873 ORDER TO BE ABLE TO DISSEMINATE 2131 01:23:22,873 --> 01:23:24,741 AND TREAT PEOPLE WITH OPIATE USE 2132 01:23:24,741 --> 01:23:26,376 DISORDER AND EXPAND ON THE USE 2133 01:23:26,376 --> 01:23:28,445 OF NALOXONE, WHICH HAS 2134 01:23:28,445 --> 01:23:30,581 CONTRIBUTED TO THE REDUCTION IN 2135 01:23:30,581 --> 01:23:32,716 OVERDOSE MORTALITY. 2136 01:23:32,716 --> 01:23:34,751 THIS IS AN IMPORTANT ONE. 2137 01:23:34,751 --> 01:23:38,121 ALSO, WE RECOGNIZE, TOO, THAT 2138 01:23:38,121 --> 01:23:40,657 THERE ARE -- ACTUALLY, THE OTHER 2139 01:23:40,657 --> 01:23:44,728 ONES WHICH WAS CRUCIAL WAS 2140 01:23:44,728 --> 01:23:46,997 DEVELOPMENT OF ACTUALLY 2141 01:23:46,997 --> 01:23:49,066 PRIORITIZING THE DISTRIBUTION OF 2142 01:23:49,066 --> 01:23:52,402 NALOXONE TO HIGH-RISK 2143 01:23:52,402 --> 01:23:57,174 COMMUNITIES AND DEVELOPING THE 2144 01:23:57,174 --> 01:23:58,609 INTRANASAL NALOXONE THAT MADE IT 2145 01:23:58,609 --> 01:24:00,210 MUCH MORE ACCESSIBLE AND POUR 2146 01:24:00,210 --> 01:24:02,346 EFFECTIVE BECAUSE ACTUALLY YOU 2147 01:24:02,346 --> 01:24:05,616 DELIVER THE DRUG AT THE ADEQUATE 2148 01:24:05,616 --> 01:24:07,417 CONCENTRATION, AND THOSE TWO 2149 01:24:07,417 --> 01:24:08,318 EXPANDING TREATMENT AND 2150 01:24:08,318 --> 01:24:10,287 EXPANDING ACCESS TO NALOXONE TO 2151 01:24:10,287 --> 01:24:12,222 THOSE THAT USE IT IS ACTUALLY -- 2152 01:24:12,222 --> 01:24:16,326 ARE KEY CONTRIBUTORS TO THAT 2153 01:24:16,326 --> 01:24:16,793 DECLINE. 2154 01:24:16,793 --> 01:24:18,395 BUT WE HAVE OTHER CHALLENGES AND 2155 01:24:18,395 --> 01:24:19,930 MANY THINGS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN 2156 01:24:19,930 --> 01:24:21,698 SOLVED, AND I'M HIGHLIGHTING 2157 01:24:21,698 --> 01:24:22,799 THEM HERE. 2158 01:24:22,799 --> 01:24:26,436 CHALLENGES TO THE TREATMENT AND 2159 01:24:26,436 --> 01:24:28,205 OVERDOSES THAT WE FACE. 2160 01:24:28,205 --> 01:24:31,642 WE HAVE MADE ADVANCES, BUT THE 2161 01:24:31,642 --> 01:24:34,111 REALITY IS THAT WE STILL, IT'S 2162 01:24:34,111 --> 01:24:37,147 NOT SIMPLE ALWAYS TO PUT SOMEONE 2163 01:24:37,147 --> 01:24:38,882 ON TREATMENT FOR AN OPIATE USE 2164 01:24:38,882 --> 01:24:41,351 DISORDER THAT IS DEPENDENT ON 2165 01:24:41,351 --> 01:24:41,685 FENTANYL. 2166 01:24:41,685 --> 01:24:45,155 IT'S SUCH A POTENT DRUG THAT THE 2167 01:24:45,155 --> 01:24:49,326 INDUCTION INTO BUT PEN MORE 2168 01:24:49,326 --> 01:24:51,662 FRIEND CAN BE EXTREMELY 2169 01:24:51,662 --> 01:24:53,263 DIFFICULT AND SO IS THE 2170 01:24:53,263 --> 01:24:55,432 INTRODUCTION TO NALTREXONE AND 2171 01:24:55,432 --> 01:24:57,467 YOU MAY REQUIRE HIGHER DOSES OF 2172 01:24:57,467 --> 01:24:59,369 METHADONE AND ONE CAN TRANSITION 2173 01:24:59,369 --> 01:25:02,539 INTO PERHAPS HIGHER DOSES OF BUT 2174 01:25:02,539 --> 01:25:04,942 FEN NOREEN, BUT LEARNING THE 2175 01:25:04,942 --> 01:25:07,077 CLINICAL TRIAL AND THE OPTIMAL 2176 01:25:07,077 --> 01:25:10,981 WAY OF ACHIEVING SUCCESS FOR THE 2177 01:25:10,981 --> 01:25:13,483 TREATMENT OF OPIATE TREATMENT 2178 01:25:13,483 --> 01:25:15,018 DISORDER WITH FENTANYL IS 2179 01:25:15,018 --> 01:25:15,252 CRUCIAL. 2180 01:25:15,252 --> 01:25:18,522 WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE THAT WE 2181 01:25:18,522 --> 01:25:19,590 STILL HAVE MAJOR CHALLENGES ON 2182 01:25:19,590 --> 01:25:21,158 RETAINING PEOPLE ON MEDICATION 2183 01:25:21,158 --> 01:25:24,294 FOR OPIATE USE DISORDER. 2184 01:25:24,294 --> 01:25:25,629 APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 40% OF 2185 01:25:25,629 --> 01:25:27,364 PEOPLE ON THESE MEDICATIONS STOP 2186 01:25:27,364 --> 01:25:28,599 THEIR TREATMENT SIX MONTHS AFTER 2187 01:25:28,599 --> 01:25:29,866 INITIATING THEM, SO THERE IS A 2188 01:25:29,866 --> 01:25:31,768 CHALLENGE ABOUT HOW TO RETAIN 2189 01:25:31,768 --> 01:25:35,138 PEOPLE IN TREATMENT. 2190 01:25:35,138 --> 01:25:37,107 WE HAVE -- METHAMPHETAMINE, 2191 01:25:37,107 --> 01:25:38,875 THESE ARE THE IMPROVED 2192 01:25:38,875 --> 01:25:40,077 MEDICATIONS FOR COCAINE AND 2193 01:25:40,077 --> 01:25:42,079 WE'RE NOT SEEING APPROVED 2194 01:25:42,079 --> 01:25:43,413 MEDICATIONS FOR POLYSUBSTANCE 2195 01:25:43,413 --> 01:25:44,381 USE DISORDER. 2196 01:25:44,381 --> 01:25:46,083 AGAIN, MORE AND MORE, WE'RE 2197 01:25:46,083 --> 01:25:47,184 SEEING THIS ALSO THE REALITY AND 2198 01:25:47,184 --> 01:25:49,152 THE GRAPH TO THE RIGHT, THESE 2199 01:25:49,152 --> 01:25:51,655 ARE PEOPLE THAT GO INTO 2200 01:25:51,655 --> 01:25:53,457 TREATMENT PROGRAMS FOR SUBSTANCE 2201 01:25:53,457 --> 01:25:55,626 USE DISORDER AND THESE ARE 2202 01:25:55,626 --> 01:25:57,894 THEIR -- ALL ACROSS THE UNITED 2203 01:25:57,894 --> 01:25:59,463 STATES AND THESE ARE PEOPLE THAT 2204 01:25:59,463 --> 01:26:01,531 WENT TO TREATMENT FOR WHICH THEY 2205 01:26:01,531 --> 01:26:03,300 SHOW FENTANYL. 2206 01:26:03,300 --> 01:26:04,701 BUT IT SHOWS WHAT OTHER DRUGS 2207 01:26:04,701 --> 01:26:06,403 ARE PRESENT IN THE URINE OF 2208 01:26:06,403 --> 01:26:09,740 PEOPLE THAT WERE POSITIVE FOR 2209 01:26:09,740 --> 01:26:10,073 FENTANYL. 2210 01:26:10,073 --> 01:26:13,910 AND IN, I THINK IT'S YELLOWISH 2211 01:26:13,910 --> 01:26:16,580 BROWN, YOU SEE METH METH GOING 2212 01:26:16,580 --> 01:26:19,750 UP AND I PUT THAT GRAPH WHERE 2213 01:26:19,750 --> 01:26:23,754 WE'RE SEEING A SIGNIFICANT RISE 2214 01:26:23,754 --> 01:26:27,257 IN PRODUCTS OF METHAMPHETAMINE 2215 01:26:27,257 --> 01:26:28,925 AND FENTANYL, FOR YOU TO KNOW 2216 01:26:28,925 --> 01:26:31,995 THAT 60% OF THOSE URINES WITH 2217 01:26:31,995 --> 01:26:33,563 FENTANYL HAVE METHAMPHETAMINE, 2218 01:26:33,563 --> 01:26:33,730 60%. 2219 01:26:33,730 --> 01:26:36,833 AND THEN YOU SEE IN BLUE, 20% 2220 01:26:36,833 --> 01:26:41,004 HAVE COCAINE, 20% HAVE HEROIN, 2221 01:26:41,004 --> 01:26:43,507 AND THE LOWER NUMBER, LESS THAN 2222 01:26:43,507 --> 01:26:44,975 10% THAT PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS. 2223 01:26:44,975 --> 01:26:47,944 AND THIS DOES NOT TAKE INTO 2224 01:26:47,944 --> 01:26:50,013 ACCOUNT ALCOHOL OR BENS ZO 2225 01:26:50,013 --> 01:26:51,615 DIAZEPINES, BUT POLYSUBSTANCE 2226 01:26:51,615 --> 01:26:53,717 USE IS EXTREMELY, EXTREMELY 2227 01:26:53,717 --> 01:26:55,252 COMMON, AND IF YOU OVERDOSE WITH 2228 01:26:55,252 --> 01:26:57,954 A FOELSUBSTANCE USE -- POLY 2229 01:26:57,954 --> 01:26:59,589 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, IT 2230 01:26:59,589 --> 01:27:01,858 HARDER TO REVERSE WITH NALOXONE 2231 01:27:01,858 --> 01:27:06,163 AND THAT REALITY, TOO, IS WE'RE 2232 01:27:06,163 --> 01:27:08,999 SEEING HERE SUBSTANCE ABUSE, BUT 2233 01:27:08,999 --> 01:27:11,168 WE'RE SEEING MIXTURES AND VERY 2234 01:27:11,168 --> 01:27:14,571 NOTABLE IN THE NEWS HAS BEEN 2235 01:27:14,571 --> 01:27:18,909 MIXTURES WITH XYLAZINE AND 2236 01:27:18,909 --> 01:27:19,509 COMBINATIONS THAT ACTUALLY 2237 01:27:19,509 --> 01:27:22,012 EXACERBATE SOME OF THE EFFECTS 2238 01:27:22,012 --> 01:27:24,448 OF FENT NA TILL BY PROMOTING 2239 01:27:24,448 --> 01:27:26,216 HYPERTENSION, AND SO IT IS VERY 2240 01:27:26,216 --> 01:27:27,384 CHALLENGING AND WE NEED TO DO 2241 01:27:27,384 --> 01:27:29,352 RESEARCH ON HOW TO PROPERLY 2242 01:27:29,352 --> 01:27:31,621 REVERSE IT SO IT CAN BE 2243 01:27:31,621 --> 01:27:31,922 GUIDELINES. 2244 01:27:31,922 --> 01:27:35,726 AND I THINK AT THE ESSENCE OF 2245 01:27:35,726 --> 01:27:38,095 ALL OF THIS IS SOME PERSPECTIVE 2246 01:27:38,095 --> 01:27:39,896 OF HOW WE THINK ABOUT THE FIELD 2247 01:27:39,896 --> 01:27:41,698 FOR TREATMENT, WE NEED MORE 2248 01:27:41,698 --> 01:27:41,998 TREATMENT. 2249 01:27:41,998 --> 01:27:42,899 WE NEED TREATMENT FOR 2250 01:27:42,899 --> 01:27:45,202 METHAMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE, BUT 2251 01:27:45,202 --> 01:27:48,638 WE NEED TREATMENT FOR 2252 01:27:48,638 --> 01:27:51,308 POLYSUBSTANCES, BUT AS A BAKE 2253 01:27:51,308 --> 01:27:52,943 UNDERSTANDING OF -- BASIC 2254 01:27:52,943 --> 01:27:53,643 UNDERSTANDING OF WHERE WE SEEING 2255 01:27:53,643 --> 01:27:58,648 THE DATA MOST PEOPLE USING 2256 01:27:58,648 --> 01:27:59,282 MULTIPLE SUBSTANCES, DATA 2257 01:27:59,282 --> 01:27:59,916 SHOWING THAT THERE IS A COMMON, 2258 01:27:59,916 --> 01:28:04,855 THE MAIN FACTOR OF GENETICS IS A 2259 01:28:04,855 --> 01:28:05,489 COMMON FACTOR OF BOTH THE 2260 01:28:05,489 --> 01:28:11,027 ABILITY FOR ADDICTION TO ALCOHOL 2261 01:28:11,027 --> 01:28:12,596 OR ADDICTION TO CANNABIS, THAT 2262 01:28:12,596 --> 01:28:13,196 THERE IS A COMMON ELEMENT OF 2263 01:28:13,196 --> 01:28:23,673 VULNERABILITY AND THE BRAIN 2264 01:28:24,975 --> 01:28:25,575 ALSO, YOU LOOK AT IMAGES OF 2265 01:28:25,575 --> 01:28:26,209 PEOPLE ADDICTED TO ONE DRUG OR 2266 01:28:26,209 --> 01:28:26,810 THE OTHER, IT IS VERY SIMILAR. 2267 01:28:26,810 --> 01:28:29,279 SO INTERVENTION THAN TARGET THAT 2268 01:28:29,279 --> 01:28:29,846 ESSENTIAL COMPONENT COULD 2269 01:28:29,846 --> 01:28:31,748 PROVIDE US WITH THE TOOLS TO 2270 01:28:31,748 --> 01:28:35,385 ADDRESS A POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE 2271 01:28:35,385 --> 01:28:37,454 AND POLYSUBSTANCE USE DISORDER. 2272 01:28:37,454 --> 01:28:40,290 SO WHAT ARE SOME OF EXCITING 2273 01:28:40,290 --> 01:28:43,193 HIGHLIGHTS THAT I WANT TO BRING 2274 01:28:43,193 --> 01:28:43,426 FORWARD? 2275 01:28:43,426 --> 01:28:47,931 YOU MAY GUESS. 2276 01:28:47,931 --> 01:28:49,065 MEDICATIONS. 2277 01:28:49,065 --> 01:28:50,634 I THINK -- I ALWAYS LOVE WHEN 2278 01:28:50,634 --> 01:28:52,569 THE DAISY IS TELLING YOU -- THE 2279 01:28:52,569 --> 01:28:53,870 DATA IS TELLING YOU A STORY 2280 01:28:53,870 --> 01:28:56,072 WE'VE BEEN IGNORING A LONG TIME. 2281 01:28:56,072 --> 01:28:57,507 THESE MEDICATIONS USED FOR THE 2282 01:28:57,507 --> 01:28:58,742 TREATMENT OF DIABETES INITIALLY 2283 01:28:58,742 --> 01:29:02,412 AND NOW FOR OBESITY, LIKE SEM MA 2284 01:29:02,412 --> 01:29:05,549 GLUD TIED, A SECOND GENERATION 2285 01:29:05,549 --> 01:29:08,018 GLP, OZEMPIC FOR DIABETES WITH A 2286 01:29:08,018 --> 01:29:14,157 DIFFERENT NAME FOR OBESITY, 2287 01:29:14,157 --> 01:29:17,494 WEGOVY, OR THE NEW COMPOUND, 2288 01:29:17,494 --> 01:29:25,101 DUAL AGONIST, MOUNJARO, THEY ARE 2289 01:29:25,101 --> 01:29:25,936 PROFOUNDLY TRANSFORMED THE WAY 2290 01:29:25,936 --> 01:29:29,472 WE TREAT DIABETES AND OBESITY 2291 01:29:29,472 --> 01:29:33,243 AND SHOWING INCREDIBLE POSITIVE 2292 01:29:33,243 --> 01:29:33,777 OUTCOMES IN GENERAL. 2293 01:29:33,777 --> 01:29:35,145 INTERESTINGLY, WE'RE ALSO SEEING 2294 01:29:35,145 --> 01:29:36,346 THAT PEOPLE ARE ACTUALLY NOT 2295 01:29:36,346 --> 01:29:38,281 INTERESTED ON TAKING DRUGS, AND 2296 01:29:38,281 --> 01:29:40,217 THIS HAS BEEN GENERATED A LOT OF 2297 01:29:40,217 --> 01:29:42,319 ATTENTION IN SOCIAL MEDIA, IN 2298 01:29:42,319 --> 01:29:45,121 THE NEWSPAPERS, AND IN A WAY, IS 2299 01:29:45,121 --> 01:29:45,989 NOT SURPRISING. 2300 01:29:45,989 --> 01:29:47,157 WHY IT'S NOT SURPRISING? 2301 01:29:47,157 --> 01:29:48,592 BECAUSE TO START WITH, FOR MORE 2302 01:29:48,592 --> 01:29:52,028 THAN A DECADE, WE HAVE BEEN 2303 01:29:52,028 --> 01:29:54,598 FUNDING RESEARCH IN LABORATORY 2304 01:29:54,598 --> 01:29:57,567 ANIMALS THAT SHOW THAT THE FIRST 2305 01:29:57,567 --> 01:30:02,038 GENERATION OF THESE PEPTIDE 2306 01:30:02,038 --> 01:30:03,607 AGONIST REDUCE DRUG TAKING, THE 2307 01:30:03,607 --> 01:30:05,809 EFFECTS OF NICOTINE, OF ALCOHOL, 2308 01:30:05,809 --> 01:30:07,944 OF COCAINE, OF HEROIN, SO THE 2309 01:30:07,944 --> 01:30:10,947 CLINICAL DATA WAS SHOWING THAT 2310 01:30:10,947 --> 01:30:12,382 THEY REDUCE THE EFFECT OF THESE 2311 01:30:12,382 --> 01:30:15,118 DRUGS, AND THEY ALSO PREVENTED 2312 01:30:15,118 --> 01:30:15,352 RELAPSE. 2313 01:30:15,352 --> 01:30:19,489 SO IN A WAY, THESE REPORTS 2314 01:30:19,489 --> 01:30:22,392 PROVIDE A BASIS ON THE CLINICAL 2315 01:30:22,392 --> 01:30:22,692 INTERACTION. 2316 01:30:22,692 --> 01:30:25,996 BUT IT ALSO ILLUSTRATES THAT 2317 01:30:25,996 --> 01:30:29,499 FROM A MENTAL NOTION THAT WE 2318 01:30:29,499 --> 01:30:30,700 DON'T TAKE DRUGS BECAUSE OUR 2319 01:30:30,700 --> 01:30:31,768 BRAIN DEVELOPED FOR THE PURPOSE 2320 01:30:31,768 --> 01:30:34,671 OF SEEKING THEM. 2321 01:30:34,671 --> 01:30:36,439 DRUGS FIND A SYSTEM THAT IS 2322 01:30:36,439 --> 01:30:38,041 THERE FOR ALL TO LOOK AT FORCES 2323 01:30:38,041 --> 01:30:39,175 THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL, 2324 01:30:39,175 --> 01:30:44,447 SO IN A WAY, IF YOU HAVE A 2325 01:30:44,447 --> 01:30:45,949 TREMENDOUS DRIVE TO SEEK OUT FOR 2326 01:30:45,949 --> 01:30:47,951 BEYOND THE CALORIC REQUIREMENTS, 2327 01:30:47,951 --> 01:30:51,421 SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN DISRUPT 2328 01:30:51,421 --> 01:30:53,556 THAT COMPULSIVE NEED OF GREATER 2329 01:30:53,556 --> 01:30:55,592 URGE TO TAKE MORE FEED, I MEAN, 2330 01:30:55,592 --> 01:30:58,428 THAT HAS NOTED BY MANY 2331 01:30:58,428 --> 01:31:00,163 RESEARCHERS, IS BASICALLY AKIN 2332 01:31:00,163 --> 01:31:02,098 TO WHAT YOU SEE ARTIFICIALLY 2333 01:31:02,098 --> 01:31:05,101 WITH THE TREMENDOUS URGE TO TAKE 2334 01:31:05,101 --> 01:31:05,568 DRUGS. 2335 01:31:05,568 --> 01:31:07,704 SO THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY, I 2336 01:31:07,704 --> 01:31:09,873 MEAN, ONE COULD SPECULATE ABOUT 2337 01:31:09,873 --> 01:31:11,808 WHY THESE MEDICATIONS COULD BE 2338 01:31:11,808 --> 01:31:13,143 MAKING AN INTERESTING 2339 01:31:13,143 --> 01:31:15,545 PROPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF 2340 01:31:15,545 --> 01:31:17,213 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER. 2341 01:31:17,213 --> 01:31:19,316 ELECTRONIC CLINICAL RECORD 2342 01:31:19,316 --> 01:31:20,817 ANALYSIS, AND THAT IS ONE OF 2343 01:31:20,817 --> 01:31:24,454 THEM, YOU SEE OVER THERE THE 2344 01:31:24,454 --> 01:31:27,190 RISK OF OPIATE OVERDOSES IN 2345 01:31:27,190 --> 01:31:29,726 PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES 2346 01:31:29,726 --> 01:31:31,394 AND OPIATE USE DISORDER, SHOWING 2347 01:31:31,394 --> 01:31:35,498 WHEN YOU COMPARE SEMAGLUTIDE TO 2348 01:31:35,498 --> 01:31:37,367 A WIDE VARIETY OF MEDICATIONS 2349 01:31:37,367 --> 01:31:38,501 USED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF 2350 01:31:38,501 --> 01:31:39,202 DIABETES, REGARDLESS, ALL THE 2351 01:31:39,202 --> 01:31:43,373 PEOPLE THAT WERE TREATED WITH 2352 01:31:43,373 --> 01:31:44,674 SEMAGLUTIDE HAS A SIGNIFICANTLY 2353 01:31:44,674 --> 01:31:46,176 LOWER RISK OF HAVING HAD AN 2354 01:31:46,176 --> 01:31:48,044 OVERDOSE FROM AN OPIOID. 2355 01:31:48,044 --> 01:31:49,479 THIS IS FROM ELECTRONIC MEDICAL 2356 01:31:49,479 --> 01:31:51,648 RECORDS, LARGE, LARGE DATABASES. 2357 01:31:51,648 --> 01:31:53,516 SIMILAR STORIES HAVE BEEN 2358 01:31:53,516 --> 01:31:55,719 REPORTED WITH OTHER DRUGS, 2359 01:31:55,719 --> 01:31:57,921 ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, CANNABIS. 2360 01:31:57,921 --> 01:32:03,727 IT REDUCES AND IMPROVES THE 2361 01:32:03,727 --> 01:32:04,928 OUTCOMES. 2362 01:32:04,928 --> 01:32:07,464 AND MORE WRITTEN DATA. 2363 01:32:07,464 --> 01:32:08,932 SIMILAR, IN THE FIELD, 2364 01:32:08,932 --> 01:32:10,900 RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS BE 2365 01:32:10,900 --> 01:32:13,370 CONDUCTED TO RELATIVELY LARGE 2366 01:32:13,370 --> 01:32:14,437 TRIALS IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER, 2367 01:32:14,437 --> 01:32:16,406 AND THE LATEST ONE, WHICH WAS 2368 01:32:16,406 --> 01:32:18,908 DONE WITH A SECOND GENERATION, 2369 01:32:18,908 --> 01:32:21,277 WITH SEM MA GLUD TIED, SO A 2370 01:32:21,277 --> 01:32:22,278 SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN HEAVY 2371 01:32:22,278 --> 01:32:23,747 ALCOHOL DRINKING IN THOSE 2372 01:32:23,747 --> 01:32:26,549 TREATED WITH SEMAGLUTIDE. 2373 01:32:26,549 --> 01:32:28,284 THESE ARE PEOPLE THAT DON'T HAVE 2374 01:32:28,284 --> 01:32:30,720 DIABETES, THEY HAVE AN ALCOHOL 2375 01:32:30,720 --> 01:32:31,321 USE DISORDER. 2376 01:32:31,321 --> 01:32:33,923 AND THIS IS DATA FROM ONE 2377 01:32:33,923 --> 01:32:35,825 INVESTIGATOR WHO HAS EVALUATED 2378 01:32:35,825 --> 01:32:42,599 THE EFFECTS OF LIRAGLUTIDE IN 2379 01:32:42,599 --> 01:32:44,868 PEOPLE WITH OPIATE USE DISORDER, 2380 01:32:44,868 --> 01:32:46,536 SHOWING THAT IT REDUCES GREATLY, 2381 01:32:46,536 --> 01:32:47,737 SO THERE IS A WIDE VARIETY OF 2382 01:32:47,737 --> 01:32:49,739 DATA THAT IS EMERGING SHOWING 2383 01:32:49,739 --> 01:32:51,374 HOW PROMISING THESE MEDICATIONS 2384 01:32:51,374 --> 01:32:54,077 ARE IN GENERAL, NOT JUST FOR ONE 2385 01:32:54,077 --> 01:32:55,578 ADDICTION, BUT FOR MULTIPLE 2386 01:32:55,578 --> 01:32:55,879 ADDICTIONS. 2387 01:32:55,879 --> 01:32:59,649 SO THIS IS AN AREA THAT WE WANT 2388 01:32:59,649 --> 01:33:02,318 RESEARCHERS TO -- WE WANT TO DO 2389 01:33:02,318 --> 01:33:03,553 WHENEVER WE CAN DO TO ACCELERATE 2390 01:33:03,553 --> 01:33:06,156 THE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS 2391 01:33:06,156 --> 01:33:09,225 THAT ARE NECESSARY TO DETERMINE 2392 01:33:09,225 --> 01:33:14,230 IF THERE IS EVIDENCE FOR THE 2393 01:33:14,230 --> 01:33:14,931 THERAPE 2394 01:33:14,931 --> 01:33:17,600 THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF THESE 2395 01:33:17,600 --> 01:33:21,371 MEDICATIONS TO TREATMENT OF SUB 2396 01:33:21,371 --> 01:33:22,338 SUBSTANCE USE DORD. 2397 01:33:22,338 --> 01:33:24,174 AND THIS IS TO ACTUALLY WHET 2398 01:33:24,174 --> 01:33:25,442 YOUR AND AT THE TIGHT BECAUSE 2399 01:33:25,442 --> 01:33:27,544 THIS IS -- ANTICIPATE PE TIGHT 2400 01:33:27,544 --> 01:33:28,878 BECAUSE THIS IS CLINICAL DATA 2401 01:33:28,878 --> 01:33:34,050 FROM THE NIDA PROGRAM FROM THE 2402 01:33:34,050 --> 01:33:37,587 LABORATORY, THAT ACTUALLY 2403 01:33:37,587 --> 01:33:40,156 HAVE -- ARE EVALUATED ENROLLMENT 2404 01:33:40,156 --> 01:33:48,064 THE EXTENT TO WHICH SEMAGLUTIDE 2405 01:33:48,064 --> 01:33:50,967 CAN REDUCE THE ADMINISTRATION OF 2406 01:33:50,967 --> 01:33:51,367 FENTANYL. 2407 01:33:51,367 --> 01:33:53,336 YOU CAN SEE IT'S MUCH LOWER AND 2408 01:33:53,336 --> 01:33:54,571 THERE ARE SEVERAL THINGS THAT 2409 01:33:54,571 --> 01:33:55,705 CAPTURE MY EYE ON THIS ONE. 2410 01:33:55,705 --> 01:33:57,107 YOU START TO SEE THE REDUCTIONS 2411 01:33:57,107 --> 01:34:00,477 VERY EARLY ON, SO IT SEEMS TO 2412 01:34:00,477 --> 01:34:01,678 HAVE A VERY RELATIVELY FAST 2413 01:34:01,678 --> 01:34:02,112 ACTION. 2414 01:34:02,112 --> 01:34:03,646 OF COURSE, WE NEED TO GO FROM 2415 01:34:03,646 --> 01:34:05,115 ANIMALS INTO HUMANS, BUT THIS 2416 01:34:05,115 --> 01:34:08,118 IS, AGAIN, ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF 2417 01:34:08,118 --> 01:34:11,721 THE EXCITEMENT OF THIS POTENTIAL 2418 01:34:11,721 --> 01:34:12,021 MEDICATIONS. 2419 01:34:12,021 --> 01:34:14,023 AND THEN THE OTHER ONE, AND I 2420 01:34:14,023 --> 01:34:15,024 PRESENTED IT IN THE PAST 2421 01:34:15,024 --> 01:34:16,926 BECAUSE, AGAIN, I WANTED TO 2422 01:34:16,926 --> 01:34:19,262 IMPRINT IN YOUR BRAINS THE 2423 01:34:19,262 --> 01:34:21,264 NOTION ALSO THAT THE WAY THAT 2424 01:34:21,264 --> 01:34:23,566 WE'RE GOING TO BE TREATING 2425 01:34:23,566 --> 01:34:25,702 MENTAL ILLNESS OR PSYCHIATRIC 2426 01:34:25,702 --> 01:34:27,504 DISORDERS, NEUROLOGICAL 2427 01:34:27,504 --> 01:34:28,538 DISORDERS AND CERTAIN SUBSTANCE 2428 01:34:28,538 --> 01:34:30,340 USE DISORDERS IN THE FUTURE IS 2429 01:34:30,340 --> 01:34:34,277 GOING TO BE TRANSFORMED BY 2430 01:34:34,277 --> 01:34:36,679 INNOVATION AND NEUROMODULATION 2431 01:34:36,679 --> 01:34:38,681 NECK KOLTION AND ALSO ADVANCE -- 2432 01:34:38,681 --> 01:34:42,519 TECHNOLOGIES AND ALSO ADVANCES 2433 01:34:42,519 --> 01:34:45,054 IN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE 2434 01:34:45,054 --> 01:34:46,623 QUANTITIVITY OF THE BRAIN AND 2435 01:34:46,623 --> 01:34:49,325 THE REGIONS AFFECTED BY 2436 01:34:49,325 --> 01:34:49,592 ADDICTION. 2437 01:34:49,592 --> 01:34:50,860 SO THIS IS CLASSICAL CHANGES, 2438 01:34:50,860 --> 01:34:54,063 THE CIRCUITRY THAT UNDERLIES THE 2439 01:34:54,063 --> 01:34:58,568 CYCLE OF ADDICTION, THAT WE 2440 01:34:58,568 --> 01:34:59,602 IDENTIFIED, GEORGIA AND MYSELF, 2441 01:34:59,602 --> 01:35:00,670 MANY YEARS GOING, BRINGING 2442 01:35:00,670 --> 01:35:02,172 TOGETHER THAT INTERACTION FROM 2443 01:35:02,172 --> 01:35:05,675 CLINICAL AND CLINICAL FINDINGS, 2444 01:35:05,675 --> 01:35:07,844 TO TREAT BRAIN AREAS. 2445 01:35:07,844 --> 01:35:10,280 I MEAN, THIS WAS OVERALL A BROAD 2446 01:35:10,280 --> 01:35:12,382 MAP AND NOW WE CAN GO IN MUCH 2447 01:35:12,382 --> 01:35:13,917 GREATER DETAIL AND IN THE 2448 01:35:13,917 --> 01:35:17,287 FUTURE, WE'LL GO INTO MUCH 2449 01:35:17,287 --> 01:35:17,854 GREATER GRANULARITY. 2450 01:35:17,854 --> 01:35:19,556 MEANWHILE, ALSO TO THE RIGHT, WE 2451 01:35:19,556 --> 01:35:22,659 HAVE NEUROMODULATION 2452 01:35:22,659 --> 01:35:24,260 TECHNOLOGIES, TRANS-UKRAINIANAL 2453 01:35:24,260 --> 01:35:26,596 MAGNETIC STIMULATION, LOW 2454 01:35:26,596 --> 01:35:29,799 INTENSITY ULTRASOUND, NERVE 2455 01:35:29,799 --> 01:35:32,135 STIMULATION OR INVASIVE 2456 01:35:32,135 --> 01:35:34,370 NEUROMODULATION AND THIS IS ALSO 2457 01:35:34,370 --> 01:35:34,671 ADVANCES. 2458 01:35:34,671 --> 01:35:36,139 SO WHEN YOU COME TOGETHER THIS, 2459 01:35:36,139 --> 01:35:37,941 AND AGAIN WHY I WANT TO 2460 01:35:37,941 --> 01:35:39,375 HIGHLIGHT HOW CRUCIAL IT IS THAT 2461 01:35:39,375 --> 01:35:42,278 WE CONTINUE TO INVEST IN BASIC 2462 01:35:42,278 --> 01:35:44,681 NEUROSCIENCE THAT, WE BUILD IN 2463 01:35:44,681 --> 01:35:47,217 THE ARCHITECTURE TO PROVIDE THAT 2464 01:35:47,217 --> 01:35:50,119 DATA WIDELY AVAILABLE WHILE AT 2465 01:35:50,119 --> 01:35:51,154 THE SAME TIME PROMOTING 2466 01:35:51,154 --> 01:35:52,922 INNOVATION FOR TECHNOLOGIES THAT 2467 01:35:52,922 --> 01:35:56,459 CAN TAILOR INTERVENTIONS TO 2468 01:35:56,459 --> 01:35:58,695 PRECISELY MANAGE THOSE SIR KOUTS 2469 01:35:58,695 --> 01:36:00,697 THAT MAY BE DISRUPTED, COULD BE 2470 01:36:00,697 --> 01:36:02,732 ACTUALLY AGAIN ONE OF THE VERY, 2471 01:36:02,732 --> 01:36:05,268 VERY PROMISING AREAS FOR THE 2472 01:36:05,268 --> 01:36:07,604 TREATMENT OF POLYSUBSTANCE USE 2473 01:36:07,604 --> 01:36:11,007 DISORDER, BUT ALSO IMPORTANTLY, 2474 01:36:11,007 --> 01:36:13,443 I WANT TO JUST START TO PRIME 2475 01:36:13,443 --> 01:36:14,644 YOU, THE RECOVERY OF THE BRAIN. 2476 01:36:14,644 --> 01:36:17,380 WHICH BRINGS ME TO THE LAST 2477 01:36:17,380 --> 01:36:19,082 SUBJECT THAT I WANTED TO TOUCH 2478 01:36:19,082 --> 01:36:20,984 TODAY, WHICH IS DATA SCIENCE AND 2479 01:36:20,984 --> 01:36:24,053 THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SCIENCE 2480 01:36:24,053 --> 01:36:26,122 AND WHY DO I LEAVE WITH THIS? 2481 01:36:26,122 --> 01:36:28,524 THIS IS ACTUALLY WHERE WE ARE 2482 01:36:28,524 --> 01:36:28,958 RIGHT NOW. 2483 01:36:28,958 --> 01:36:32,562 THIS IS RELEASED RECENTLY BY THE 2484 01:36:32,562 --> 01:36:35,498 BRAIN, SHOWING ALL OF THE 2485 01:36:35,498 --> 01:36:37,634 CONNECTIONS IN THE BRAIN BEFORE 2486 01:36:37,634 --> 01:36:39,869 AN AREA INDIVIDUAL CORTEX. 2487 01:36:39,869 --> 01:36:41,771 ONE CUBIC MILLIMETER, EVERY 2488 01:36:41,771 --> 01:36:43,406 SINGLE NEURON AND IT'S 2489 01:36:43,406 --> 01:36:45,074 CONNECTION IS MAPPED THERE. 2490 01:36:45,074 --> 01:36:47,877 AND THESE MAPS ACTUALLY CAN THEN 2491 01:36:47,877 --> 01:36:49,612 GUIDE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2492 01:36:49,612 --> 01:36:51,948 MODELS TO DETERMINE ANNUAL 2493 01:36:51,948 --> 01:36:53,416 PREDICT, WHICH IS WHAT THEY HAVE 2494 01:36:53,416 --> 01:36:56,419 USED, INTO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE 2495 01:36:56,419 --> 01:37:00,156 SLIDE OVER HERE, ACTUALLY WHAT 2496 01:37:00,156 --> 01:37:02,091 THEY CAN DETERMINE AND PREDICT, 2497 01:37:02,091 --> 01:37:05,595 WHICH ARE WHAT A RAT IS 2498 01:37:05,595 --> 01:37:05,862 OBSERVING. 2499 01:37:05,862 --> 01:37:07,964 SO THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2500 01:37:07,964 --> 01:37:10,166 MODEL IS TRAINED ON A PARTICULAR 2501 01:37:10,166 --> 01:37:10,400 ANIMAL. 2502 01:37:10,400 --> 01:37:12,602 YOU SEE THIS DATA, AND THAT 2503 01:37:12,602 --> 01:37:16,406 MODEL IS THEN APPLIED TO A NEW 2504 01:37:16,406 --> 01:37:19,709 RAT AND THAT MODEL ACTUALLY 2505 01:37:19,709 --> 01:37:23,279 GENERALIZES TO THE NEW RAT, 2506 01:37:23,279 --> 01:37:25,815 PROVIDING THEM WITH SIMPLE EXTRA 2507 01:37:25,815 --> 01:37:26,082 EXPOSURES. 2508 01:37:26,082 --> 01:37:29,652 NOT JUST GENERALIZES, THE MODEL 2509 01:37:29,652 --> 01:37:30,553 CAN PREDICT WHICH ARE THE 2510 01:37:30,553 --> 01:37:31,621 NEURONS WHICH ARE BEING 2511 01:37:31,621 --> 01:37:32,588 ACTIVATED AND WHICH ARE THE 2512 01:37:32,588 --> 01:37:34,791 CLUSTERS OF CONNECTIONS. 2513 01:37:34,791 --> 01:37:39,629 AND SO THIS IS JUST ILLUSTRATES 2514 01:37:39,629 --> 01:37:40,697 WHERE WE'RE THINKING WHERE CAN 2515 01:37:40,697 --> 01:37:42,665 WE GO, AND AGAIN, THIS IS THE 2516 01:37:42,665 --> 01:37:43,966 MAP THAT WE HAVE RIGHT NOW, BUT 2517 01:37:43,966 --> 01:37:46,169 THAT'S NOT THE WAY IT'S GOING TO 2518 01:37:46,169 --> 01:37:49,005 BE AS WE ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE 2519 01:37:49,005 --> 01:37:51,040 AND WE MAKE THAT KNOWLEDGE 2520 01:37:51,040 --> 01:37:54,110 ACCESSIBLE, WE WILL START TO MAP 2521 01:37:54,110 --> 01:37:57,580 THE HUMAN BRAIN WITH AN 2522 01:37:57,580 --> 01:38:00,316 EXTRAORDINARY COMPLEX PATTERN OF 2523 01:38:00,316 --> 01:38:02,418 CONNECTIONS, AND IMAGINE THAT 2524 01:38:02,418 --> 01:38:03,619 INTELLIGENCE OF THOSE BIOLOGICAL 2525 01:38:03,619 --> 01:38:05,855 SYSTEMS, THE BRAIN IS THE MOST 2526 01:38:05,855 --> 01:38:07,023 EXTRAORDINARY ORGAN THAT WE KNOW 2527 01:38:07,023 --> 01:38:11,127 IN THE UNIVERSE, OF COURSE, AND 2528 01:38:11,127 --> 01:38:13,029 WE CAN USE THAT STRUCTURE, HOW 2529 01:38:13,029 --> 01:38:16,399 IT'S ORGANIZED, HOW IT'S 2530 01:38:16,399 --> 01:38:17,834 CHANGED, WE CAN REALIZE HOW WE 2531 01:38:17,834 --> 01:38:20,002 CAN GO FROM AN ARTIFICIAL 2532 01:38:20,002 --> 01:38:23,039 INTELLIGENCE THAT STILL HAS A 2533 01:38:23,039 --> 01:38:26,075 LOT OF GLITCHES, AND WITHOUT 2534 01:38:26,075 --> 01:38:26,709 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WE 2535 01:38:26,709 --> 01:38:27,844 CANNOT REALLY EVEN START TO 2536 01:38:27,844 --> 01:38:28,311 IMAGINE. 2537 01:38:28,311 --> 01:38:32,181 SO WHY IS NIDA DOING IT? 2538 01:38:32,181 --> 01:38:33,649 CERTAINLY ENSURING THAT WE HAVE, 2539 01:38:33,649 --> 01:38:36,052 WE GENERATE ACTUALLY PROJECTS 2540 01:38:36,052 --> 01:38:38,554 AND PROGRAMS THAT WILL ALLOW US 2541 01:38:38,554 --> 01:38:40,223 TO BUILD THAT INTERFACE, SO THIS 2542 01:38:40,223 --> 01:38:42,158 IS AN EXAMPLE OF TWO PROJECTS 2543 01:38:42,158 --> 01:38:44,861 THAT COME FROM THE DIVISION OF 2544 01:38:44,861 --> 01:38:46,662 BASIC NEUROSCIENCE, THE SCORCH 2545 01:38:46,662 --> 01:38:49,732 AND THE NEXT CAMPUS, THAT TAKES 2546 01:38:49,732 --> 01:38:53,202 ADVANTAGE -- NEXUS, THAT TAKES 2547 01:38:53,202 --> 01:38:54,370 ADVANTAGE OF THE BRAIN. 2548 01:38:54,370 --> 01:38:55,638 THOSE HAVE ACTUALLY 2549 01:38:55,638 --> 01:38:57,440 CHARACTERIZED ALL THE NEURONS IN 2550 01:38:57,440 --> 01:39:00,643 THE RAT BRAIN AND THEN THAT 2551 01:39:00,643 --> 01:39:02,945 INFORMATION AND NOW RESEARCHERS, 2552 01:39:02,945 --> 01:39:04,981 WHICH IS WHAT IS THE SCORCH IS 2553 01:39:04,981 --> 01:39:07,550 DOING, LOOKING AT REGIONS THAT 2554 01:39:07,550 --> 01:39:09,051 HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS 2555 01:39:09,051 --> 01:39:11,053 INVOLVING THE DIFFERENT STATUS 2556 01:39:11,053 --> 01:39:12,989 OF ADDICTION, AND IDENTIFYING 2557 01:39:12,989 --> 01:39:16,459 HOW DO EXPOSURE TO OPIATES OR 2558 01:39:16,459 --> 01:39:17,927 HIV ULTIMATELY INFLUENCES WHAT 2559 01:39:17,927 --> 01:39:21,831 IS THE PHENOTYPE OF THESE 2560 01:39:21,831 --> 01:39:24,200 NEURONS AND THROUGH THE NEXUS, 2561 01:39:24,200 --> 01:39:25,568 HOW THOSE NEURONS CONNECT WITH 2562 01:39:25,568 --> 01:39:26,135 ONE ANOTHER. 2563 01:39:26,135 --> 01:39:28,337 YOU CAN START TO SEE HOW A 2564 01:39:28,337 --> 01:39:30,173 SIMPLE WAY OF DOING SCIENCE IS 2565 01:39:30,173 --> 01:39:33,209 BRANCHING INTO A LEVEL OF 2566 01:39:33,209 --> 01:39:34,010 COMPLEXITY THAT IS ULTIMATELY 2567 01:39:34,010 --> 01:39:36,379 WHAT WILL ENABLE US ONE DAY 2568 01:39:36,379 --> 01:39:39,015 ACTUALLY TO TARGET AND TAILOR AN 2569 01:39:39,015 --> 01:39:41,184 INTERVENTION THAT WILL BE MUCH 2570 01:39:41,184 --> 01:39:43,453 MORE EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF 2571 01:39:43,453 --> 01:39:45,254 THERAPEUTICS, BUT ALSO ONE THAT 2572 01:39:45,254 --> 01:39:48,591 MAY BE ABLE TO PROTECT SOMEONE, 2573 01:39:48,591 --> 01:39:52,061 PROVIDE RESILIENCE, OR TO ENABLE 2574 01:39:52,061 --> 01:39:53,329 THEM TO ACTUALLY RECOVER. 2575 01:39:53,329 --> 01:39:56,232 I LIKE THIS SLIDE BECAUSE IT'S 2576 01:39:56,232 --> 01:39:58,534 ACTUALLY A SLIDE MADE BY 2577 01:39:58,534 --> 01:39:59,202 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE 2578 01:39:59,202 --> 01:40:02,004 BASIS OF THINKING ABOUT THE 2579 01:40:02,004 --> 01:40:06,909 WHOLE PROCESS OF RECOVERY AND 2580 01:40:06,909 --> 01:40:08,978 INSPIRED BY JOHN HOWE ON A 2581 01:40:08,978 --> 01:40:09,946 COMMENTARY THAT WE GROW 2582 01:40:09,946 --> 01:40:10,313 TOGETHER. 2583 01:40:10,313 --> 01:40:14,217 IN TERMS OF WHEN WE'RE DEALING 2584 01:40:14,217 --> 01:40:17,520 WITH TREATMENT, WE ARE TRYING TO 2585 01:40:17,520 --> 01:40:19,088 BASICALLY BRING DOWN A FIRE. 2586 01:40:19,088 --> 01:40:21,824 THERE'S SOME URGENCY, THERE'S 2587 01:40:21,824 --> 01:40:23,292 SOME EMERGENCY. 2588 01:40:23,292 --> 01:40:24,694 AND OUR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM VERY 2589 01:40:24,694 --> 01:40:25,695 MUCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON DOING 2590 01:40:25,695 --> 01:40:26,929 THAT, BUT THAT IS JUST ONE OF 2591 01:40:26,929 --> 01:40:29,832 THE ELEMENTS OF THE CASCADE OF 2592 01:40:29,832 --> 01:40:30,132 CARE. 2593 01:40:30,132 --> 01:40:31,767 WE COULD DO SO MUCH MORE IF WE 2594 01:40:31,767 --> 01:40:33,636 PAY ATTENTION TO THE LEFT SIDE, 2595 01:40:33,636 --> 01:40:36,339 WHICH IS THE PREVENTION, AND TO 2596 01:40:36,339 --> 01:40:39,842 BUILD OUR RESILIENCE, SO THAT 2597 01:40:39,842 --> 01:40:41,844 BRAIN NEVER BURNS, AND THEN IF 2598 01:40:41,844 --> 01:40:44,213 IT BURNS, WE WILL TREAT THAT. 2599 01:40:44,213 --> 01:40:45,948 AND THEN IMPORTANTLY, TO THE 2600 01:40:45,948 --> 01:40:48,751 RIGHT, IS HOW DO WE ENSURE THAT 2601 01:40:48,751 --> 01:40:52,054 ALL OF THE CHANGES, THE BRAIN IS 2602 01:40:52,054 --> 01:40:53,189 AN EXTRAORDINARY PLASTIC SYSTEM, 2603 01:40:53,189 --> 01:40:57,193 NOT JUST AFFECTED BY THE DRUGS 2604 01:40:57,193 --> 01:40:59,095 THE PERSON IS ADDICTED TO, BUT 2605 01:40:59,095 --> 01:41:02,565 ALL THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL 2606 01:41:02,565 --> 01:41:03,733 CONSEQUENCES THAT THAT ADDICTION 2607 01:41:03,733 --> 01:41:05,601 PRICES IN THEM, ISOLATING -- 2608 01:41:05,601 --> 01:41:07,103 PRODUCES IN THEM, ISOLATING 2609 01:41:07,103 --> 01:41:08,704 THEM, WITHDRAWING THEM, 2610 01:41:08,704 --> 01:41:09,505 GENERATING OTHER 2611 01:41:09,505 --> 01:41:10,306 VULNERABILITIES, ENGAGEMENT WITH 2612 01:41:10,306 --> 01:41:11,040 JUSTICE SETTINGS. 2613 01:41:11,040 --> 01:41:12,508 HOW DO WE ACCELERATE THAT 2614 01:41:12,508 --> 01:41:13,843 RECOVERY? 2615 01:41:13,843 --> 01:41:15,711 AND I THINK THAT THIS MAY SEEM 2616 01:41:15,711 --> 01:41:16,946 LIKE SCIENCE FICTION, BUT WE CAN 2617 01:41:16,946 --> 01:41:20,483 FORESEE THAT IN THE FUTURE AS WE 2618 01:41:20,483 --> 01:41:22,818 UNDERSTAND HOW TO ACTUALLY 2619 01:41:22,818 --> 01:41:24,620 NEUROMODULATE, WE MAY BE ABLE TO 2620 01:41:24,620 --> 01:41:26,856 ADVANCE AND ACCELERATE THESE. 2621 01:41:26,856 --> 01:41:30,092 AND SO I END MY PRESENTATION BY 2622 01:41:30,092 --> 01:41:32,295 ACTUALLY HIGHLIGHTING WHAT THE 2623 01:41:32,295 --> 01:41:34,363 STATEMENT FOR DRUG POLICY 2624 01:41:34,363 --> 01:41:35,231 PRIORITIES ARE FOR THE NEW 2625 01:41:35,231 --> 01:41:36,499 ADMINISTRATION BECAUSE WE HAVE A 2626 01:41:36,499 --> 01:41:38,301 NEW ADMINISTRATION, BUT 2627 01:41:38,301 --> 01:41:40,570 HIGHLIGHTING IN BLUE THE ONES, 2628 01:41:40,570 --> 01:41:42,672 FOUR OF THEM ARE DIRECTLY 2629 01:41:42,672 --> 01:41:44,340 TARGETS AND PRIORITIES TO WHAT 2630 01:41:44,340 --> 01:41:45,775 WE DO AT NIDA. 2631 01:41:45,775 --> 01:41:47,410 REDUCE THE NUMBER OF OVERDOSE 2632 01:41:47,410 --> 01:41:49,545 FATALITIES WITH A FOCUS ON 2633 01:41:49,545 --> 01:41:49,812 FENTANYL. 2634 01:41:49,812 --> 01:41:53,883 PREVENT DRUG USE, WHICH IS 2635 01:41:53,883 --> 01:41:54,750 CONSTANTLY NEGLECTED. 2636 01:41:54,750 --> 01:41:56,619 IT CONTINUES TO BE NEGLECTED. 2637 01:41:56,619 --> 01:42:00,156 PROVIDE TREATMENT THAT LEADS TO 2638 01:42:00,156 --> 01:42:01,524 LONG-TERM RECOVERY. 2639 01:42:01,524 --> 01:42:03,626 AND THE ULTIMATE, INNOVATE IN 2640 01:42:03,626 --> 01:42:06,862 RESEARCH AND DATA TO SUPPORT 2641 01:42:06,862 --> 01:42:09,732 OVERALL THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2642 01:42:09,732 --> 01:42:11,267 INTERVENTIONS THAT CAN PREVENT 2643 01:42:11,267 --> 01:42:12,535 SUBSTANCE USE, THAT CAN HELP 2644 01:42:12,535 --> 01:42:14,704 TREAT PEOPLE WITH SUBSTANCE USE 2645 01:42:14,704 --> 01:42:17,239 DISORDER, AND CAN MAXIMIZE THEIR 2646 01:42:17,239 --> 01:42:18,708 LIKELIHOOD OF RECOVERY. 2647 01:42:18,708 --> 01:42:24,747 AND WITH THAT, I END UP THE 2648 01:42:24,747 --> 01:42:27,717 ULTIMATE ONE, JUST TO BASICALLY 2649 01:42:27,717 --> 01:42:28,651 HIGHLIGHT PREVENTION. 2650 01:42:28,651 --> 01:42:30,886 AND WE ASKED THEM TO DO A REPORT 2651 01:42:30,886 --> 01:42:32,622 ON PREVENTION WITH MULTIPLE 2652 01:42:32,622 --> 01:42:34,790 INSTITUTES AT THE NIH, TO DO A 2653 01:42:34,790 --> 01:42:35,558 BLUEPRINT FOR A NATIONAL 2654 01:42:35,558 --> 01:42:36,959 PREVENTION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR 2655 01:42:36,959 --> 01:42:39,528 MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND 2656 01:42:39,528 --> 01:42:40,096 BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS. 2657 01:42:40,096 --> 01:42:44,767 THIS WAS RECENTLY RELEASED AND 2658 01:42:44,767 --> 01:42:47,837 IT ACTUALLY IDENTIFIES, ON THE 2659 01:42:47,837 --> 01:42:51,140 ONE HAND, GAP AREAS THAT NEED TO 2660 01:42:51,140 --> 01:42:53,576 BE DEVELOPED OR STRENGTHENED IN 2661 01:42:53,576 --> 01:42:58,748 ORDER TO MAKE THE EVIDENCE-BASED 2662 01:42:58,748 --> 01:42:59,682 PREVENTION/INTERVENTION WIDELY 2663 01:42:59,682 --> 01:43:01,617 AVAILABLE, MORE ACCESSIBLE, AND 2664 01:43:01,617 --> 01:43:04,420 TO ENSURE THAT THEY RECEIVE THE 2665 01:43:04,420 --> 01:43:05,454 PROPER FUNDING. 2666 01:43:05,454 --> 01:43:08,858 AND, TWO, TO HIGHLIGHT OUR 2667 01:43:08,858 --> 01:43:09,659 OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH TO 2668 01:43:09,659 --> 01:43:11,994 ADVANCE THIS GOAL. 2669 01:43:11,994 --> 01:43:14,063 AND WITH THAT, I COME TO THE END 2670 01:43:14,063 --> 01:43:16,766 OF MY PRESENTATION AND I'M GOING 2671 01:43:16,766 --> 01:43:18,534 TO STOP SHARING, IF I CAN. 2672 01:43:18,534 --> 01:43:20,036 HOW DO I STOP SHARING? 2673 01:43:20,036 --> 01:43:30,346 STOP SHARING, YES. 2674 01:43:31,247 --> 01:43:32,481 SO SUSAN, I DON'T KNOW, IS THIS 2675 01:43:32,481 --> 01:43:36,185 TIME FOR QUESTIONS? 2676 01:43:36,185 --> 01:43:39,889 >> LET'S TAKE THE BREAK AND TAKE 2677 01:43:39,889 --> 01:43:40,322 QUESTIONS. 2678 01:43:40,322 --> 01:43:42,091 WE ARE OVER. 2679 01:43:42,091 --> 01:43:44,460 I THINK IT'S PROBABLY MORE 2680 01:43:44,460 --> 01:43:46,696 IMPORTANT TO TAKE QUESTIONS. 2681 01:43:46,696 --> 01:43:49,965 >> OKAY, SO YOU WANT TO SKIP THE 2682 01:43:49,965 --> 01:43:50,166 BREAK? 2683 01:43:50,166 --> 01:43:52,468 >> WELL, YEAH, I THINK SO. 2684 01:43:52,468 --> 01:43:55,404 >> NO, NO, THAT'S FINE. 2685 01:43:55,404 --> 01:43:58,708 >> I MEAN, I THINK IT'S -- YES, 2686 01:43:58,708 --> 01:44:00,743 I'D RATHER TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE 2687 01:44:00,743 --> 01:44:03,846 TIME SINCE WE DON'T -- WE DON'T 2688 01:44:03,846 --> 01:44:04,714 GET HERE VERY OFTEN. 2689 01:44:04,714 --> 01:44:07,717 >> I SEE REGINA HAS HER HAND 2690 01:44:07,717 --> 01:44:10,186 RAISED. 2691 01:44:10,186 --> 01:44:11,287 >> HI, NORA. 2692 01:44:11,287 --> 01:44:12,588 THANKS SO MUCH FOR THAT GREAT 2693 01:44:12,588 --> 01:44:13,489 OVERVIEW. 2694 01:44:13,489 --> 01:44:15,024 I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT -- THANKS 2695 01:44:15,024 --> 01:44:15,925 FOR SHARING THE INFORMATION 2696 01:44:15,925 --> 01:44:17,193 ABOUT THE MONITORING THE 2697 01:44:17,193 --> 01:44:18,194 FOLLOW-UP STUDY. 2698 01:44:18,194 --> 01:44:19,662 I WAS CURIOUS ABOUT WHETHER OR 2699 01:44:19,662 --> 01:44:21,397 NOT WE CAN ANTICIPATE THAT THERE 2700 01:44:21,397 --> 01:44:23,332 WILL BE MONITORING THE FUTURE 2701 01:44:23,332 --> 01:44:26,235 STUDY COMING OUT IN DECEMBER. 2702 01:44:26,235 --> 01:44:26,669 >> YES, ABSOLUTELY. 2703 01:44:26,669 --> 01:44:27,436 >> OKAY. 2704 01:44:27,436 --> 01:44:30,272 AND THEN MY SECOND QUESTION, 2705 01:44:30,272 --> 01:44:33,142 WHICH WILL BE QUICK, IS, YOU 2706 01:44:33,142 --> 01:44:36,679 MENTIONED THE, YOU KNOW, 2707 01:44:36,679 --> 01:44:40,149 INCREASES IN OVERDOSE DEATHS IN 2708 01:44:40,149 --> 01:44:41,751 CERTAIN COMMUNITIES, IN DIVERSE 2709 01:44:41,751 --> 01:44:42,084 COMMUNITIES. 2710 01:44:42,084 --> 01:44:43,385 WE KNOW IN BLACK AMERICAN 2711 01:44:43,385 --> 01:44:46,655 COMMUNITIES AS WELL AS NATIVE 2712 01:44:46,655 --> 01:44:51,527 AMERICAN, ALASKA INDIANS, ARE WE 2713 01:44:51,527 --> 01:44:53,362 STILL GOING FORWARD, GOING TO BE 2714 01:44:53,362 --> 01:44:57,700 ABLE TO DO THE TYPE OF ROBUST 2715 01:44:57,700 --> 01:44:58,501 RESEARCH THAT'S NECESSARY, THAT 2716 01:44:58,501 --> 01:44:59,702 WILL BE NECESSARY TO MAKE SURE 2717 01:44:59,702 --> 01:45:01,337 WE'RE MEETING THE UNIQUE NEEDS 2718 01:45:01,337 --> 01:45:04,039 OF THOSE COMMUNITIES? 2719 01:45:04,039 --> 01:45:06,242 >> NO, ABSOLUTELY. 2720 01:45:06,242 --> 01:45:09,378 AND TO COME TO MIND, ACTUALLY 2721 01:45:09,378 --> 01:45:11,647 THE PROGRAM WHICH IS A MORE -- 2722 01:45:11,647 --> 01:45:13,282 MOST AMBITIOUS PROJECT THAT HAS 2723 01:45:13,282 --> 01:45:15,618 EVER DONE TO MY KNOWLEDGE AT THE 2724 01:45:15,618 --> 01:45:19,388 NIH, AND THE IDEA IS TO BUILD UP 2725 01:45:19,388 --> 01:45:21,123 THE CAPACITY OF NATIVE AMERICAN, 2726 01:45:21,123 --> 01:45:25,561 AMERICAN TRIBES, TO DO RESEARCH, 2727 01:45:25,561 --> 01:45:26,896 TO FACILITATE THE CREATION OF 2728 01:45:26,896 --> 01:45:27,730 NETWORKS. 2729 01:45:27,730 --> 01:45:32,535 THAT PROJECT WAS LAUNCHED BY 2730 01:45:32,535 --> 01:45:35,037 NIDA IN CLOSE PARTNERSHIP WITH 2731 01:45:35,037 --> 01:45:36,806 THE NINTD. 2732 01:45:36,806 --> 01:45:38,307 IT WAS LAUNCHED LAST YEAR AND 2733 01:45:38,307 --> 01:45:39,408 WITH THE PILOT FOR TWO YEARS 2734 01:45:39,408 --> 01:45:42,077 WITH THE IDEA OF BUILDING IT UP, 2735 01:45:42,077 --> 01:45:45,347 SO THE PROGRAM IS ONGOING AND, 2736 01:45:45,347 --> 01:45:48,551 AGAIN, OUR RECOGNITION THAT THE 2737 01:45:48,551 --> 01:45:49,819 OVERDOSE MORTALITY ON NATIVE 2738 01:45:49,819 --> 01:45:51,720 AMERICANS IS DOUBLE THAT IN THE 2739 01:45:51,720 --> 01:45:53,556 GENERAL POPULATION. 2740 01:45:53,556 --> 01:45:56,292 AND THAT THE -- THERE IS A NEED 2741 01:45:56,292 --> 01:45:59,061 TO ACTUALLY DEVELOP 2742 01:45:59,061 --> 01:46:00,362 INTERVENTIONS THAT ACTUALLY ARE 2743 01:46:00,362 --> 01:46:03,199 CULTURALLY RELEVANT TO THEM AND 2744 01:46:03,199 --> 01:46:05,367 THAT RESPOND TO ACTUALLY THE 2745 01:46:05,367 --> 01:46:07,403 STRUCTURE OF THEIR COMMUNITIES. 2746 01:46:07,403 --> 01:46:09,672 AND THE OTHER ONE, AN AREA OF 2747 01:46:09,672 --> 01:46:12,908 GREAT, GREAT CONCERN IS IF YOU 2748 01:46:12,908 --> 01:46:16,312 LOOK OVERALL, WE SEEING IN 2749 01:46:16,312 --> 01:46:18,414 GENERAL PEOPLE DYING IN THEIR 2750 01:46:18,414 --> 01:46:20,082 YOUNG MIDDLE AGE, EXCEPT THAT IN 2751 01:46:20,082 --> 01:46:22,484 BLACK AMERICANS, AMONG OLDER 2752 01:46:22,484 --> 01:46:23,886 AMERICANS, THE OVERDOSE 2753 01:46:23,886 --> 01:46:24,854 MORTALITY IS EXTREMELY HIGH. 2754 01:46:24,854 --> 01:46:28,190 AND THAT IS, AGAIN, ANOTHER AREA 2755 01:46:28,190 --> 01:46:29,892 THAT WE'RE SEEING SIGNIFICANT 2756 01:46:29,892 --> 01:46:33,829 RISE IN MORTALITY, AND 2757 01:46:33,829 --> 01:46:35,698 UNDERSTANDING AND PROVIDING 2758 01:46:35,698 --> 01:46:37,633 TREATMENT, WHY ARE THEY DYING AT 2759 01:46:37,633 --> 01:46:40,336 SUCH HIGH RATES? 2760 01:46:40,336 --> 01:46:42,338 WHAT IS IT THAT CAN BE DONE? 2761 01:46:42,338 --> 01:46:45,474 SO THAT IS ANOTHER INITIATIVE 2762 01:46:45,474 --> 01:46:48,143 THAT IS BEING ANNOUNCED THROUGH 2763 01:46:48,143 --> 01:46:50,880 THE CLINICAL TRIAL NETWORK. 2764 01:46:50,880 --> 01:46:54,783 >> THANK YOU. 2765 01:46:54,783 --> 01:47:01,056 >> I SEE NUMBER TWO, I'M -- 2766 01:47:01,056 --> 01:47:01,690 AGAIN, KATE. 2767 01:47:01,690 --> 01:47:03,259 >> THANK YOU, NORA, AND THANK 2768 01:47:03,259 --> 01:47:05,494 YOU FOR A FANTASTIC 2769 01:47:05,494 --> 01:47:05,828 PRESENTATION. 2770 01:47:05,828 --> 01:47:07,496 I'M STILL TRYING TO DIGEST ALL 2771 01:47:07,496 --> 01:47:08,998 OF THE INFORMATION THAT YOU 2772 01:47:08,998 --> 01:47:09,231 SHARED. 2773 01:47:09,231 --> 01:47:10,766 I HAD ONE COMMENT AND ONE 2774 01:47:10,766 --> 01:47:12,201 QUESTION, AND IT REALLY HAS TO 2775 01:47:12,201 --> 01:47:17,206 DO WITH THE ABCD DEVELOPMENT 2776 01:47:17,206 --> 01:47:18,173 STUDY. 2777 01:47:18,173 --> 01:47:19,375 FIRST OF ALL, CONGRATULATIONS ON 2778 01:47:19,375 --> 01:47:21,577 THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLISHED DATA 2779 01:47:21,577 --> 01:47:24,079 ON CLINICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS 2780 01:47:24,079 --> 01:47:24,513 WORLDWIDE. 2781 01:47:24,513 --> 01:47:26,882 I THINK THAT'S A REALLY GREAT 2782 01:47:26,882 --> 01:47:29,685 OUTCOME AND IT'S A GREAT EXAMPLE 2783 01:47:29,685 --> 01:47:32,187 OF THE IMPACT OF THE 2784 01:47:32,187 --> 01:47:32,821 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCIENCE 2785 01:47:32,821 --> 01:47:34,556 THAT -- AND ALL THE WORK THAT 2786 01:47:34,556 --> 01:47:35,724 NIDA DOES. 2787 01:47:35,724 --> 01:47:38,327 THE QUESTION THAT I HAD HAS TO 2788 01:47:38,327 --> 01:47:40,863 DO WITH WHETHER OR NOT YOU'RE 2789 01:47:40,863 --> 01:47:42,598 SEEING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE 2790 01:47:42,598 --> 01:47:45,501 PATTERNS OF SUBSTANCE USE 2791 01:47:45,501 --> 01:47:47,636 AMONGST THE ADOLESCENT 2792 01:47:47,636 --> 01:47:47,937 POPULATION. 2793 01:47:47,937 --> 01:47:50,105 >> YEAH, THE NUMBER OF TEENAGERS 2794 01:47:50,105 --> 01:47:53,208 THAT ARE STARTING TO TAKE DRUGS 2795 01:47:53,208 --> 01:47:58,614 IS STILL LOW, AND SO OVERALL, 2796 01:47:58,614 --> 01:48:00,716 I'M TRYING TO SEE IF I RECALL. 2797 01:48:00,716 --> 01:48:02,584 THERE'S NOTHING THAT, ON THE 2798 01:48:02,584 --> 01:48:04,653 DATA, THAT HAS BEEN PRESENTED TO 2799 01:48:04,653 --> 01:48:07,189 ME THAT I'VE SEEN -- AND THERE 2800 01:48:07,189 --> 01:48:10,326 WAS A PAPER ALREADY PUBLISHED 2801 01:48:10,326 --> 01:48:13,829 WITH ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST CAP 2802 01:48:13,829 --> 01:48:15,364 OF THE ABCD. 2803 01:48:15,364 --> 01:48:16,732 THERE WASN'T ANYTHING THAT JUMP 2804 01:48:16,732 --> 01:48:18,067 OUT AT YOU RIGHT AWAY. 2805 01:48:18,067 --> 01:48:20,235 IN GENERAL, WE KNOW THAT IT 2806 01:48:20,235 --> 01:48:21,971 SEEMS LIKE FOR ALCOHOL, BOTH 2807 01:48:21,971 --> 01:48:25,007 BOYS AND GIRLS START USING AT 2808 01:48:25,007 --> 01:48:26,041 THE SAME TIME. 2809 01:48:26,041 --> 01:48:28,944 FOR NICOTINE, PERHAPS BOYS USE 2810 01:48:28,944 --> 01:48:33,515 IT SLIGHTLY EARLIER, AND FOR 2811 01:48:33,515 --> 01:48:36,418 MARIJUANA, IT'S -- BOYS MAY BE 2812 01:48:36,418 --> 01:48:37,553 SLIGHTLY EARLIER, BUT THAT'S NOT 2813 01:48:37,553 --> 01:48:39,922 FROM THE ABCD, AND I DON'T -- 2814 01:48:39,922 --> 01:48:40,789 AGAIN, THERE WAS NOTHING THAT 2815 01:48:40,789 --> 01:48:44,593 JUMP AT ME, BUT IT'S STILL VERY 2816 01:48:44,593 --> 01:48:46,195 PRELIMINARY AND I ACTUALLY -- I 2817 01:48:46,195 --> 01:48:49,231 HOPE THAT WE'RE GOING TO START 2818 01:48:49,231 --> 01:48:51,233 TO SEE, AND YOU'LL SEE TOMORROW 2819 01:48:51,233 --> 01:48:53,969 MORNING SPECIFICALLY THE NUMBERS 2820 01:48:53,969 --> 01:48:55,337 THAT WE HAVE WHEN YOU GET THE 2821 01:48:55,337 --> 01:48:55,671 PRESENTATION. 2822 01:48:55,671 --> 01:48:59,141 >> THANK YOU. 2823 01:48:59,141 --> 01:49:01,877 >> IMMEDIATELY HALLOWEEN. 2824 01:49:01,877 --> 01:49:02,945 -- MELANIE. 2825 01:49:02,945 --> 01:49:04,713 >> YEAH, THANK YOU SO MUCH. 2826 01:49:04,713 --> 01:49:06,048 I WISH -- UNFORTUNATELY, I'M A 2827 01:49:06,048 --> 01:49:07,383 LITTLE LATE THIS MORNING, SO I 2828 01:49:07,383 --> 01:49:08,484 WAS PANICKED I WOULD MISS YOUR 2829 01:49:08,484 --> 01:49:10,552 TALK, BUT I DIDN'T, SO I WAS 2830 01:49:10,552 --> 01:49:11,453 VERY HAPPY. 2831 01:49:11,453 --> 01:49:14,223 I WANTED TO CONGRATULATE YOU. 2832 01:49:14,223 --> 01:49:19,194 WANTED ALSO TO SAY TO EVERYBODY, 2833 01:49:19,194 --> 01:49:23,465 BYE-BYE BECAUSE I'M CYCLING OFF 2834 01:49:23,465 --> 01:49:25,768 AND WANTED TO CONGRATULATE YOU 2835 01:49:25,768 --> 01:49:27,202 ALL ON YOUR IMPORTANT WORK AND I 2836 01:49:27,202 --> 01:49:28,570 HOPE IT'S GOING WELL. 2837 01:49:28,570 --> 01:49:30,205 I WANTED TO HEAR SOME FINAL 2838 01:49:30,205 --> 01:49:32,207 WORDS FROM YOU, NORA, WHETHER 2839 01:49:32,207 --> 01:49:33,642 YOU THINK THESE VERY ENCOURAGING 2840 01:49:33,642 --> 01:49:35,644 MILLIONS AND DECLINE AND DEATH 2841 01:49:35,644 --> 01:49:39,214 BY OPIOIDS, ARE IN ANY WAY 2842 01:49:39,214 --> 01:49:40,382 CONNECTED TO ANY OF THE VIRUSES 2843 01:49:40,382 --> 01:49:42,551 THAT WE ARE SO CONCERNED ABOUT, 2844 01:49:42,551 --> 01:49:44,386 HIV, HEPATITIS C, AND IF ANY OF 2845 01:49:44,386 --> 01:49:46,855 THE INTERVENTIONS THAT LEAD TO 2846 01:49:46,855 --> 01:49:48,424 THIS POSITIVE TREND HAVE ALSO AN 2847 01:49:48,424 --> 01:49:50,959 IMPACT POTENTIALLY ON A POSITIVE 2848 01:49:50,959 --> 01:49:53,328 TREND IN THESE VIRAL INFECTIONS 2849 01:49:53,328 --> 01:49:54,830 OR IF THEY STAY THE SAME. 2850 01:49:54,830 --> 01:49:56,065 >> IMPORTANT QUESTION, MELANIE, 2851 01:49:56,065 --> 01:49:57,266 AND FIRST OF ALL, THANKS, 2852 01:49:57,266 --> 01:49:59,034 BECAUSE YOU WERE NOT THERE, BUT 2853 01:49:59,034 --> 01:50:02,805 THANKS HAVE HAVING BEEN PART OF 2854 01:50:02,805 --> 01:50:03,272 COUNCIL. 2855 01:50:03,272 --> 01:50:07,076 WE HAVE SEEN THE LEVELS OF THE 2856 01:50:07,076 --> 01:50:09,478 INCIDENCE OF HIV THAT IS DRIVEN 2857 01:50:09,478 --> 01:50:11,280 BY DRUG USE, PREDOMINANTLY 2858 01:50:11,280 --> 01:50:13,816 MONITORED THROUGH THE USE OF 2859 01:50:13,816 --> 01:50:17,219 INJECTION DRUG USE, PLATEAU. 2860 01:50:17,219 --> 01:50:20,222 WE'VE SEEN A RISE IN THE 2861 01:50:20,222 --> 01:50:23,859 INCIDENCE OF NEW HIV CASES FROM 2862 01:50:23,859 --> 01:50:25,894 METHAMPHETAMINE USE IN CERTAIN 2863 01:50:25,894 --> 01:50:29,998 CITIES WHERE BASICALLY PROMOTES 2864 01:50:29,998 --> 01:50:30,432 RISKIER BEHAVIOR. 2865 01:50:30,432 --> 01:50:33,402 BUT OVERALL, YOU RAW AT ONE 2866 01:50:33,402 --> 01:50:36,071 POINT, IT WAS, I THINK, CLOSE TO 2867 01:50:36,071 --> 01:50:38,006 30% OF THE NEW CASES WERE 2868 01:50:38,006 --> 01:50:40,776 RELATED TO INJECTION DRUG USE. 2869 01:50:40,776 --> 01:50:43,745 NOW IT'S LESS THAN 15% OF THE 2870 01:50:43,745 --> 01:50:43,946 CASES. 2871 01:50:43,946 --> 01:50:46,281 SO WHAT HAS HAPPENED IS THAT 2872 01:50:46,281 --> 01:50:48,517 WE'VE SEEN A REDUCTION IN 2873 01:50:48,517 --> 01:50:51,220 INJECTION DRUG USE OVERALL IN 2874 01:50:51,220 --> 01:50:52,488 THE UNITED STATES AND MORE AND 2875 01:50:52,488 --> 01:50:53,722 MORE PEOPLE ARE SMOKING, EVEN 2876 01:50:53,722 --> 01:50:58,026 FOR FENTANYL, AND THAT IS 2877 01:50:58,026 --> 01:50:59,461 STARTED PREDOMINANTLY BY 2878 01:50:59,461 --> 01:51:00,863 INJECTION OR ORAL, WHICH IS NOW 2879 01:51:00,863 --> 01:51:02,431 THAT THEY ARE SHIFTING THE 2880 01:51:02,431 --> 01:51:05,767 INJECTION TO SMOKING. 2881 01:51:05,767 --> 01:51:09,438 WITH HEPATITIS C, UNFORTUNATELY, 2882 01:51:09,438 --> 01:51:11,106 THE PREVALENCE PER SE IS NOT 2883 01:51:11,106 --> 01:51:14,510 GOING DOWN, WHICH IS VERY 2884 01:51:14,510 --> 01:51:17,112 UNFORTUNATE BECAUSE THE 2885 01:51:17,112 --> 01:51:21,617 INCIDENCE OF IS ONE OF THE 2886 01:51:21,617 --> 01:51:22,784 FASTEST GROWING AND WE DON'T 2887 01:51:22,784 --> 01:51:26,889 ACTUALLY EVEN KNOW WHAT THE 2888 01:51:26,889 --> 01:51:29,458 PREVALENCE IS, PREDOMINANTLY 2889 01:51:29,458 --> 01:51:31,026 DRIVEN BY DRUG USE. 2890 01:51:31,026 --> 01:51:32,294 IT'S A TRAGIC SITUATION BECAUSE 2891 01:51:32,294 --> 01:51:33,529 IF PEOPLE WERE CURED, WE COULD 2892 01:51:33,529 --> 01:51:34,997 CURE THEM AND THEN THEY WOULDN'T 2893 01:51:34,997 --> 01:51:38,500 INFECT OTHERS, BUT WE'RE NOT 2894 01:51:38,500 --> 01:51:39,168 DOING IT. 2895 01:51:39,168 --> 01:51:41,370 UNFORTUNATELY, THESE REDUCTIONS 2896 01:51:41,370 --> 01:51:43,338 WE'RE SEEING IN OVERDOSE DEATHS 2897 01:51:43,338 --> 01:51:44,973 ARE NOT TRANSLATING IN AN 2898 01:51:44,973 --> 01:51:48,143 EQUIVALENT REDUCTIONS IN THE 2899 01:51:48,143 --> 01:51:49,044 INCIDENCE OF HIV. 2900 01:51:49,044 --> 01:51:51,480 IT'S NOT THAT IT HAS INCREASED, 2901 01:51:51,480 --> 01:51:53,515 BUT IT HAS BEEN STABLE, OR 2902 01:51:53,515 --> 01:51:55,751 HEPATITIS C, WHICH CONTINUES TO 2903 01:51:55,751 --> 01:51:56,318 GO UP. 2904 01:51:56,318 --> 01:51:57,319 NOT GOING DOWN AT LEAST 2905 01:51:57,319 --> 01:51:57,619 CERTAINLY. 2906 01:51:57,619 --> 01:51:59,555 >> YEAH, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2907 01:51:59,555 --> 01:52:01,890 I THINK THE SUBJECT AROUND 2908 01:52:01,890 --> 01:52:03,725 HEPATITIS C TREATMENT IS REALLY 2909 01:52:03,725 --> 01:52:04,826 VERY INTERESTING AND 2910 01:52:04,826 --> 01:52:06,061 UNFORTUNATELY, IT'S NOT USED TO 2911 01:52:06,061 --> 01:52:08,630 ITS FULLEST EXTENT, BUT IT ALSO 2912 01:52:08,630 --> 01:52:12,100 ALLOWS REINFECTIONS, WHICH IS 2913 01:52:12,100 --> 01:52:12,768 ALSO AN ISSUE. 2914 01:52:12,768 --> 01:52:15,137 >> NO, TO ME, IT'S ONE OF THOSE 2915 01:52:15,137 --> 01:52:16,572 THINGS THAT IT HURTS MY BRAIN 2916 01:52:16,572 --> 01:52:19,608 BECAUSE I SAY WITHOUT A 2917 01:52:19,608 --> 01:52:21,610 SOLUTION, WE'RE NOT PROTECTING 2918 01:52:21,610 --> 01:52:23,579 THE POPULATION AND THERE ARE 2919 01:52:23,579 --> 01:52:24,146 INCREDIBLE CURES. 2920 01:52:24,146 --> 01:52:25,781 MULTIPLE COMPANIES HAVE THEM, 2921 01:52:25,781 --> 01:52:30,252 BUT THE COSTS ARE SUCH THAT IT 2922 01:52:30,252 --> 01:52:33,222 IS -- PEOPLE STILL HAVE CERTAIN 2923 01:52:33,222 --> 01:52:34,356 STIGMA ATTITUDES TOWARDS 2924 01:52:34,356 --> 01:52:37,025 ADDICTION, SO THEY ARE NOT 2925 01:52:37,025 --> 01:52:38,894 PROVIDED THESE MEDICATIONS AS 2926 01:52:38,894 --> 01:52:40,996 WIDELY AS THEY SHOULD BE. 2927 01:52:40,996 --> 01:52:45,234 SO THIS IS -- IS NOT PER SE THE 2928 01:52:45,234 --> 01:52:47,669 LACK OF PROGRESS, IT'S THE -- 2929 01:52:47,669 --> 01:52:48,637 SOME OF THE CULTURAL 2930 01:52:48,637 --> 01:52:49,972 PERSPECTIVES ON WHO DESERVES TO 2931 01:52:49,972 --> 01:52:53,675 BE TREATED PROPERLY OR NOT AND 2932 01:52:53,675 --> 01:52:55,644 WHAT LEVEL OF INVESTMENT DO YOU 2933 01:52:55,644 --> 01:52:56,245 PUT FROM HEALTHCARE. 2934 01:52:56,245 --> 01:52:58,947 SO IT'S AGAIN, SOME OF THE 2935 01:52:58,947 --> 01:53:01,783 ASPECTS, ONE OF THE BIG REVOLTS, 2936 01:53:01,783 --> 01:53:06,088 THE RECOGNITION OF 2937 01:53:06,088 --> 01:53:07,756 STIGMATIZATION OF ADDICTION THAT 2938 01:53:07,756 --> 01:53:09,057 IS NOT AS DESERVING OF THE SAME 2939 01:53:09,057 --> 01:53:10,359 CARE AS OTHER CONDITIONS, 2940 01:53:10,359 --> 01:53:10,993 UNFORTUNATELY DRIVING SOME OF 2941 01:53:10,993 --> 01:53:14,496 THE LACK OF ADVANCES IN THE -- 2942 01:53:14,496 --> 01:53:15,897 WE HAVE A SOLUTION FOR HEPATITIS 2943 01:53:15,897 --> 01:53:17,666 C IN OUR HANDS. 2944 01:53:17,666 --> 01:53:19,368 >> I WOULD SAY WE HAVE VERY 2945 01:53:19,368 --> 01:53:20,602 STRONG SOLUTIONS, NOT THE FINAL 2946 01:53:20,602 --> 01:53:23,305 SOLUTION, BECAUSE I THINK WE 2947 01:53:23,305 --> 01:53:26,074 STILL HAVE TO WORK ON REALLY 2948 01:53:26,074 --> 01:53:27,576 STABILIZING AND IMPROVING THE 2949 01:53:27,576 --> 01:53:29,177 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO THAT PEOPLE 2950 01:53:29,177 --> 01:53:30,979 WOULD GET IMMUNE BASICALLY AND 2951 01:53:30,979 --> 01:53:32,347 ONCE THEY'RE CURED, DO NOT GET 2952 01:53:32,347 --> 01:53:33,615 THE VIRUS AGAIN. 2953 01:53:33,615 --> 01:53:35,150 SO I THINK THAT'S A VERY 2954 01:53:35,150 --> 01:53:36,618 IMPORTANT PART, BUT YOU'RE 2955 01:53:36,618 --> 01:53:38,520 TOTALLY RIGHT AND I HAVE HAD 2956 01:53:38,520 --> 01:53:39,821 MANY DISCUSSIONS WITH COMPANIES 2957 01:53:39,821 --> 01:53:42,724 LIKE GILEAD, FOR EXAMPLE, WHO 2958 01:53:42,724 --> 01:53:43,625 HAS BUILT A BEAUTIFUL HIV 2959 01:53:43,625 --> 01:53:45,260 PROGRAM GLOBALLY TO REDUCE 2960 01:53:45,260 --> 01:53:46,395 COSTS, BUT WE'RE NOT DOING THE 2961 01:53:46,395 --> 01:53:48,163 SAME THING WITH HEPATITIS C AND 2962 01:53:48,163 --> 01:53:49,064 CERTAINLY NOT LOCAL PI, WHICH IS 2963 01:53:49,064 --> 01:53:50,866 THE PROBLEM. 2964 01:53:50,866 --> 01:53:51,733 >> YEAH. 2965 01:53:51,733 --> 01:53:52,768 IT'S VERY UNFORTUNATE. 2966 01:53:52,768 --> 01:53:56,138 AND I HOPE THAT THAT DOES 2967 01:53:56,138 --> 01:53:58,206 CHANGE. 2968 01:53:58,206 --> 01:54:00,008 I'M AN OPTIMIST BY NATURE. 2969 01:54:00,008 --> 01:54:01,410 >> IT'S A BEAUTIFUL DRUG. 2970 01:54:01,410 --> 01:54:02,711 THE DRUGS ARE ABSOLUTELY 2971 01:54:02,711 --> 01:54:03,145 FANTASTIC. 2972 01:54:03,145 --> 01:54:04,446 >> I AGREE, I AGREE. 2973 01:54:04,446 --> 01:54:07,249 HUMAN MOTION, THEY'RE SMART. 2974 01:54:07,249 --> 01:54:08,317 -- HUMAN INNOVATION, THEY'RE 2975 01:54:08,317 --> 01:54:08,550 SMART. 2976 01:54:08,550 --> 01:54:09,584 >> HI, NORA. 2977 01:54:09,584 --> 01:54:11,186 THANKS FOR THAT GREAT TALK. 2978 01:54:11,186 --> 01:54:12,988 YOU REALLY PUT TOGETHER BIG 2979 01:54:12,988 --> 01:54:14,189 CONCEPTS AND I REALLY LOVE THAT, 2980 01:54:14,189 --> 01:54:16,458 THE WAY THAT YOU BROUGHT IT. 2981 01:54:16,458 --> 01:54:18,527 THE WAY YOU WOVE TOGETHER AND 2982 01:54:18,527 --> 01:54:20,062 THIS VISION OF HOW TO CONNECT 2983 01:54:20,062 --> 01:54:25,067 FROM SERVICES, YOU KNOW, AND 2984 01:54:25,067 --> 01:54:28,937 REALLY BIG CLINICAL AND SOCIAL 2985 01:54:28,937 --> 01:54:33,375 NEEDS, ALL THE WAY TO MOLECULAR 2986 01:54:33,375 --> 01:54:35,444 AND MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING. 2987 01:54:35,444 --> 01:54:36,812 I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPRESSIVE 2988 01:54:36,812 --> 01:54:39,281 THAT YOU'RE ABLE TO DO THAT. 2989 01:54:39,281 --> 01:54:40,482 I'M NOT JUST SAYING IT. 2990 01:54:40,482 --> 01:54:42,050 THAT'S VERY HARD TO DO IN MY 2991 01:54:42,050 --> 01:54:44,920 EXPERIENCE, TO PULL THAT OFF. 2992 01:54:44,920 --> 01:54:46,655 I REALLY LOVE YOUR VISION ABOUT 2993 01:54:46,655 --> 01:54:50,525 SORT OF PREVENTION AND RECOVERY 2994 01:54:50,525 --> 01:54:54,062 AS WAYS TO THINK ABOUT SUBSTANCE 2995 01:54:54,062 --> 01:54:57,299 USE DISORDERS AND MORE GENERALLY 2996 01:54:57,299 --> 01:54:59,334 ABOUT NEUROBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS. 2997 01:54:59,334 --> 01:55:01,236 AND I ALSO LOVE THE FACT THAT 2998 01:55:01,236 --> 01:55:05,540 YOU HIGHLIGHTED THE MICRONS WORK 2999 01:55:05,540 --> 01:55:07,976 AND THE -- THAT'S -- OF COURSE, 3000 01:55:07,976 --> 01:55:09,478 IT'S BEAUTIFUL TO LOOK AT. 3001 01:55:09,478 --> 01:55:13,014 IT'S A TECHNOLOGICAL TOUR DE 3002 01:55:13,014 --> 01:55:15,517 FORCE IN MANY WAYS, BUT IT'S 3003 01:55:15,517 --> 01:55:19,054 ALSO, I THINK, AN INCREDIBLY 3004 01:55:19,054 --> 01:55:20,522 EXCITING OPPORTUNITY, AS YOU 3005 01:55:20,522 --> 01:55:23,959 POINTED OUT, FOR NEUROSCIENCE. 3006 01:55:23,959 --> 01:55:27,429 AND IN PARTICULAR, YOU KNOW, I 3007 01:55:27,429 --> 01:55:29,264 WOULD ADD TO WHAT YOU SAID, THAT 3008 01:55:29,264 --> 01:55:36,938 IN ADDITION TO THE BEAUTIFUL 3009 01:55:36,938 --> 01:55:38,507 CONNECTOMIC AND NOMET CAL DATA 3010 01:55:38,507 --> 01:55:42,177 THAT THE MIKE -- ANATOMICAL DATA 3011 01:55:42,177 --> 01:55:44,513 THAT THE MICRONS PROJECT HAS 3012 01:55:44,513 --> 01:55:46,181 BEEN PROVIDING, THEY'RE 3013 01:55:46,181 --> 01:55:47,616 PROVIDING BEAUTIFUL 3014 01:55:47,616 --> 01:55:48,383 TRANSCRIPTIONAL DATA AND 3015 01:55:48,383 --> 01:55:53,655 TRANSCRIPTING THE 3016 01:55:53,655 --> 01:55:59,494 TRANSCRIPTOMICSS TO THE 3017 01:55:59,494 --> 01:55:59,795 ANATOMICAL. 3018 01:55:59,795 --> 01:56:01,897 AS YOU KNOW WELL, MANY OF THE 3019 01:56:01,897 --> 01:56:03,098 RECEPTORS EITHER DIRECT OR 3020 01:56:03,098 --> 01:56:04,733 INDIRECT TARGETS OF DRUGS THAT 3021 01:56:04,733 --> 01:56:08,103 ARE RELEVANT TO SUBSTANCE USE 3022 01:56:08,103 --> 01:56:11,706 DISORDERS, ARE EXPRESSED IN VERY 3023 01:56:11,706 --> 01:56:13,642 INTERESTING AND COMPLEX PATTERNS 3024 01:56:13,642 --> 01:56:15,343 IN BRAIN -- IN NEURAL 3025 01:56:15,343 --> 01:56:15,744 POPULATIONS. 3026 01:56:15,744 --> 01:56:18,046 AND I THINK THIS IS ONLY 3027 01:56:18,046 --> 01:56:20,682 BECOMING CLEAR, REALLY CLEAR, 3028 01:56:20,682 --> 01:56:23,819 THROUGH THIS JOINT EFFORT TO 3029 01:56:23,819 --> 01:56:27,923 CONNECT THE ANATOMY AT A VERY 3030 01:56:27,923 --> 01:56:28,690 CELL SPECIFIC LEVEL. 3031 01:56:28,690 --> 01:56:32,194 I THINK IT'S A SUPER EXCITING 3032 01:56:32,194 --> 01:56:37,032 TIME, BUT AS YOU POINT OUT, THE 3033 01:56:37,032 --> 01:56:40,702 BASIC SCIENCE OF THAT, AS 3034 01:56:40,702 --> 01:56:42,103 FASCINATING AS IT IS, NEEDS TO 3035 01:56:42,103 --> 01:56:44,506 BE CONNECTED TO THE ACTUAL 3036 01:56:44,506 --> 01:56:46,508 PROBLEMS OF SUBSTANCE USE 3037 01:56:46,508 --> 01:56:48,777 DISORDERS AND THAT PEOPLE 3038 01:56:48,777 --> 01:56:49,811 SUFFERING FROM THEM EXPERIENCE. 3039 01:56:49,811 --> 01:56:52,781 AND I THINK YOU REALLY DID THAT 3040 01:56:52,781 --> 01:56:53,081 BEAUTIFULLY. 3041 01:56:53,081 --> 01:56:59,621 >> THANKS VERY MUCH. 3042 01:56:59,621 --> 01:56:59,855 ARPANA? 3043 01:56:59,855 --> 01:57:01,122 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, NORA. 3044 01:57:01,122 --> 01:57:02,991 THAT WAS A FANTASTIC TALK AND I 3045 01:57:02,991 --> 01:57:05,060 HAVE A QUESTION, BUT I WANT TO 3046 01:57:05,060 --> 01:57:06,294 START BY ACTUALLY THANKING 3047 01:57:06,294 --> 01:57:08,330 EVERYONE AT NIDA FOR THE 3048 01:57:08,330 --> 01:57:09,297 STEADINESS THAT YOU ALL HAVE 3049 01:57:09,297 --> 01:57:09,898 PROVIDED US. 3050 01:57:09,898 --> 01:57:12,133 I'M A GRANDEE, I'M A SCIENTIST, 3051 01:57:12,133 --> 01:57:13,802 AND WHEN DIFFICULT TIMES HAM, 3052 01:57:13,802 --> 01:57:14,769 YOU WANT TO ASK QUESTIONS -- 3053 01:57:14,769 --> 01:57:16,171 TIMES HAPPEN, YOU WANT TO ASK 3054 01:57:16,171 --> 01:57:17,205 QUESTIONS AND I WILL SAY THAT I 3055 01:57:17,205 --> 01:57:19,574 HAVE JUST REALLY APPRECIATED THE 3056 01:57:19,574 --> 01:57:21,176 OPPORTUNITY TO GET A RESPONSE 3057 01:57:21,176 --> 01:57:23,178 FROM SOMEBODY AT NIDA WHEN WE'VE 3058 01:57:23,178 --> 01:57:24,779 HAD QUESTIONS AND FOR US TO BE 3059 01:57:24,779 --> 01:57:27,749 ABLE TO KEEP A LASER FOCUS ON 3060 01:57:27,749 --> 01:57:29,351 THE PROBLEM THAT YOU OUTLINE 3061 01:57:29,351 --> 01:57:30,118 TODAY, RIGHT? 3062 01:57:30,118 --> 01:57:31,186 SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION AND 3063 01:57:31,186 --> 01:57:34,456 THE WORK THAT WE NEED TO DO TO 3064 01:57:34,456 --> 01:57:37,325 PREVENT AND TO RECOVER, HAVING 3065 01:57:37,325 --> 01:57:38,026 SOMEONE STEADFAST THAT YOU CAN 3066 01:57:38,026 --> 01:57:40,328 LOOK TO FOR ADVICE, FOR 3067 01:57:40,328 --> 01:57:42,330 FEEDBACK, TO GIVE US STABILITY, 3068 01:57:42,330 --> 01:57:44,232 IT IS JUST INVALUABLE TO HAVE 3069 01:57:44,232 --> 01:57:44,432 THAT. 3070 01:57:44,432 --> 01:57:46,067 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH TO ALL OF 3071 01:57:46,067 --> 01:57:48,670 YOU AT NIDA FOR PROVIDING US 3072 01:57:48,670 --> 01:57:49,971 WITH A RESOURCE. 3073 01:57:49,971 --> 01:57:51,439 THE THING I GOT REALLY EXCITED 3074 01:57:51,439 --> 01:57:54,342 ABOUT IN YOUR TALK, THERE WAS SO 3075 01:57:54,342 --> 01:58:00,148 MANY PIECES, THE ABCD, NBCD, 3076 01:58:00,148 --> 01:58:03,084 WHAT MARK MENTIONED, THE WORK 3077 01:58:03,084 --> 01:58:05,453 THAT'S DONE TO GENERATE ALL THE 3078 01:58:05,453 --> 01:58:08,089 DATA AND YOU MENTIONED 3079 01:58:08,089 --> 01:58:09,024 POLYSUBSTANCE USE BEEN THAT WAS 3080 01:58:09,024 --> 01:58:11,159 PERFECT BECAUSE A LOT OF TIMES, 3081 01:58:11,159 --> 01:58:15,964 WE DO SINGLE NUCLEUS WORK, 3082 01:58:15,964 --> 01:58:18,266 TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND THE 3083 01:58:18,266 --> 01:58:19,100 CHROMATIN REMODELING DATA AND 3084 01:58:19,100 --> 01:58:20,569 BEING ABLE TO BRING THAT ALL 3085 01:58:20,569 --> 01:58:22,037 TOGETHER, THE POSTMORTEM BRAINS 3086 01:58:22,037 --> 01:58:23,271 WE'RE USING IN THOSE INSTANCES, 3087 01:58:23,271 --> 01:58:25,740 WE'RE TRAVERSING ALL THESE BRAIN 3088 01:58:25,740 --> 01:58:29,544 REGIONS, ARE ALL POLYSUBSTANCE 3089 01:58:29,544 --> 01:58:33,915 BUS THERE IS -- IF YOU WANT ON 3090 01:58:33,915 --> 01:58:34,916 GENERALIZABLE SAMPLE, THAT IS 3091 01:58:34,916 --> 01:58:35,784 NOT GOING TO BE AN INDIVIDUAL 3092 01:58:35,784 --> 01:58:37,519 WHO PASSES AWAY FROM JUST AN 3093 01:58:37,519 --> 01:58:37,886 OPIOID. 3094 01:58:37,886 --> 01:58:38,954 THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE A NUMBER 3095 01:58:38,954 --> 01:58:40,822 OF DRUGS ON BOARD, AND ONE OF 3096 01:58:40,822 --> 01:58:42,257 THE CHALLENGES WE SOMETIMES 3097 01:58:42,257 --> 01:58:44,626 ENCOUNTER IN REVIEW IS THAT 3098 01:58:44,626 --> 01:58:45,961 REVIEWERS OFTEN FIND THAT TO BE 3099 01:58:45,961 --> 01:58:47,329 A LIMITATION OF THE STUDY. 3100 01:58:47,329 --> 01:58:48,863 AND I REALLY APPRECIATE YOU 3101 01:58:48,863 --> 01:58:52,367 NOTING THAT THIS IS THE CLINICAL 3102 01:58:52,367 --> 01:58:52,968 PHENOT 3103 01:58:52,968 --> 01:58:53,234 PHENOTYPE. 3104 01:58:53,234 --> 01:58:53,868 IT IS NOT GOING TO BE THE ONE 3105 01:58:53,868 --> 01:58:55,103 DRUG, SO HOPEFULLY GOING 3106 01:58:55,103 --> 01:58:56,271 FORWARD, THERE WILL BE, YOU 3107 01:58:56,271 --> 01:58:58,540 KNOW, FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES AND 3108 01:58:58,540 --> 01:59:02,043 EFFORTS FROM NIDA, I HOPE, THAT 3109 01:59:02,043 --> 01:59:05,413 IN UNDERSTANDING THE OVERDOSE 3110 01:59:05,413 --> 01:59:07,882 EPIDEMIC, PARTICULARLY FOR 3111 01:59:07,882 --> 01:59:09,784 OPIOIDS, THAT THIS IS GOING TO 3112 01:59:09,784 --> 01:59:13,688 BE -- YEAR STUDYING A 3113 01:59:13,688 --> 01:59:14,456 POLYSUBSTANCE PHENOTYPE AND 3114 01:59:14,456 --> 01:59:15,757 DEPRESSION, OTHER COMPONENTS, 3115 01:59:15,757 --> 01:59:19,928 MEDICAL EXAMINERS THINKING 3116 01:59:19,928 --> 01:59:23,198 SO JUST THE DEPTH OF 3117 01:59:23,198 --> 01:59:25,033 COMORBIDITY, I HOPE THERE WILL 3118 01:59:25,033 --> 01:59:26,768 BE OPPORTUNITIES TO INVESTIGATE 3119 01:59:26,768 --> 01:59:28,470 THOSE UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF THE 3120 01:59:28,470 --> 01:59:33,141 FRAMEWORK OF STUDYING AN 3121 01:59:33,141 --> 01:59:35,310 AMELIORATING OPIOID OVERDOSES 3122 01:59:35,310 --> 01:59:38,647 >> YOUR POINT IS WELL TAKEN, 3123 01:59:38,647 --> 01:59:40,782 ABSOLUTELY, WE OVERSIMPLIFY AND 3124 01:59:40,782 --> 01:59:42,851 GO DOWN THESE RABBIT HOLES. BUT 3125 01:59:42,851 --> 01:59:45,353 REALITY IS NEVER SO 3126 01:59:45,353 --> 01:59:46,454 OVERSIMPLIFIED. THANKS FOR 3127 01:59:46,454 --> 01:59:49,024 BRINGING IT UP. 3128 01:59:49,024 --> 01:59:49,858 >> ANGELA. 3129 01:59:49,858 --> 01:59:51,926 >> HI, THERE, THANKS SO MUCH. 3130 01:59:51,926 --> 01:59:54,229 I WANT TO PIGGYBACK A LITTLE BIT 3131 01:59:54,229 --> 01:59:55,864 ON REGINA'S INITIAL QUESTION. 3132 01:59:55,864 --> 01:59:57,899 IT IS REALLY EXCITING TO SEE THE 3133 01:59:57,899 --> 01:59:59,467 IMPROVING STATS ON PREVALENCE 3134 01:59:59,467 --> 02:00:00,935 RATES, THE IMPROVEMENTS DUE TO 3135 02:00:00,935 --> 02:00:03,204 THE MOST RECENT INTERVENTION AND 3136 02:00:03,204 --> 02:00:04,339 PREVENTION STRATEGIES. I'M SURE 3137 02:00:04,339 --> 02:00:05,940 IT'S ENORMOUSLY GRATIFYING TO 3138 02:00:05,940 --> 02:00:07,275 SEE THAT EVERYBODY'S HARD WORK 3139 02:00:07,275 --> 02:00:08,677 IS PAYING OFF. BUT I'M 3140 02:00:08,677 --> 02:00:09,844 WONDERING IF YOU CAN TALK A 3141 02:00:09,844 --> 02:00:11,046 LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THE RECENT 3142 02:00:11,046 --> 02:00:12,747 SHIFT IN FEDERAL PRIORITIES AND 3143 02:00:12,747 --> 02:00:15,750 HOW THIS IS BEING TRANSLATED TO 3144 02:00:15,750 --> 02:00:17,152 SPECIFIC FUNDING PRIORITIES, 3145 02:00:17,152 --> 02:00:19,187 ESPECIALLY FOR 3146 02:00:19,187 --> 02:00:20,355 INVESTIGATOR-INITIATED GRANTS AT 3147 02:00:20,355 --> 02:00:21,589 NIDA. AS YOU DESCRIBED, THERE'S 3148 02:00:21,589 --> 02:00:22,791 BEEN A RECENT EMPHASIS IN 3149 02:00:22,791 --> 02:00:24,459 UNDERSTANDING AND REACHING OUT 3150 02:00:24,459 --> 02:00:25,493 AND CONNECTING WITH AND 3151 02:00:25,493 --> 02:00:27,662 PROVIDING TAILORED AND 3152 02:00:27,662 --> 02:00:28,830 CULTURALLY RELEVANT TREATMENT 3153 02:00:28,830 --> 02:00:29,464 STRATEGIES TO UNDERSERVED 3154 02:00:29,464 --> 02:00:31,866 COMMUNITIES, AND I HEARD IN YOUR 3155 02:00:31,866 --> 02:00:33,935 PREVIOUS RESPONSE, REGINA, 3156 02:00:33,935 --> 02:00:34,736 NIDA'S EMPHASIS ON THESE 3157 02:00:34,736 --> 02:00:35,737 COMMUNITIES IS GOING TO 3158 02:00:35,737 --> 02:00:36,871 CONTINUE. YOU MENTIONED A 3159 02:00:36,871 --> 02:00:38,139 COUPLE OF THE LARGE STUDIES BUT 3160 02:00:38,139 --> 02:00:40,275 I'M REALLY WONDERING HOW THIS 3161 02:00:40,275 --> 02:00:42,110 POLICY IS BEING TRANSLATED TO 3162 02:00:42,110 --> 02:00:44,212 THOSE IN EXTRAMURAL, 3163 02:00:44,212 --> 02:00:44,913 SPECIFICALLY WITH RESPECT TO 3164 02:00:44,913 --> 02:00:46,147 PROGRAM OFFICERS AND WHAT 3165 02:00:46,147 --> 02:00:47,115 DIRECTION THEY'RE RECEIVING, 3166 02:00:47,115 --> 02:00:49,117 WHEN IT COMES TO THEIR 3167 02:00:49,117 --> 02:00:52,220 INDIVIDUAL PORTFOLIOS. MY WORRY 3168 02:00:52,220 --> 02:00:54,856 IS THAT WITHOUT CLEAR DIRECTION, 3169 02:00:54,856 --> 02:00:58,693 INVESTIGATORS ARE JUST GOING TO 3170 02:00:58,693 --> 02:00:59,828 IMPLICITLY STEERING AWAY FROM 3171 02:00:59,828 --> 02:01:00,528 THESE COMMUNITIES BECAUSE 3172 02:01:00,528 --> 02:01:01,329 THEY'RE WORRIED ABOUT WHAT'S 3173 02:01:01,329 --> 02:01:02,297 GOING TO HAPPEN AT THE FEDERAL 3174 02:01:02,297 --> 02:01:03,798 LEVELS. GIVEN THE UNCERTAINTY 3175 02:01:03,798 --> 02:01:05,166 OF THESE TIMES ARE YOU AT ALL 3176 02:01:05,166 --> 02:01:06,067 CONCERNED THAT THE RECENT GAINS 3177 02:01:06,067 --> 02:01:07,802 YOU'VE SEEN IN PREVALENCE AND 3178 02:01:07,802 --> 02:01:10,371 MORTALITY RATES ARE GOING TO BE 3179 02:01:10,371 --> 02:01:11,139 LOST AS A RESULT? 3180 02:01:11,139 --> 02:01:13,108 >> YOU KNOW, I TRULY DON'T 3181 02:01:13,108 --> 02:01:14,976 THINK THEY'RE GOING TO BE LOST 3182 02:01:14,976 --> 02:01:18,279 BECAUSE TO START WITH, JUST ONE 3183 02:01:18,279 --> 02:01:20,448 OF THE THINGS IS THE EMERGENCY 3184 02:01:20,448 --> 02:01:24,419 DECLARATION WAS CONTINUED FOR 3185 02:01:24,419 --> 02:01:26,755 THE OVERDOSE CRISIS, THIS 3186 02:01:26,755 --> 02:01:30,859 CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR PRIORITY 3187 02:01:30,859 --> 02:01:33,995 OVERALL. I THINK THAT THE 3188 02:01:33,995 --> 02:01:37,065 ASPECT, TOO, IS REITERATED THAT 3189 02:01:37,065 --> 02:01:38,933 SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY ACTUALLY IS 3190 02:01:38,933 --> 02:01:42,203 ULTIMATELY WHAT DERIVES WHAT WE 3191 02:01:42,203 --> 02:01:45,306 DO AND THIS IS OUR GOAL BRINGING 3192 02:01:45,306 --> 02:01:48,042 UP TREATMENTS THAT ARE 3193 02:01:48,042 --> 02:01:51,746 ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYONE AND HOW 3194 02:01:51,746 --> 02:01:57,385 TO ACHIEVE THESE, HOW TO TAILOR, 3195 02:01:57,385 --> 02:01:59,120 PERSONALIZE THE INTERVENTIONS. 3196 02:01:59,120 --> 02:02:00,955 I WAS DELIGHTED, I THINK IT'S 3197 02:02:00,955 --> 02:02:03,424 THE FIRST TIME THAT A CUSTOMER 3198 02:02:03,424 --> 02:02:05,460 EMERGED AS ONE OF THE PRIORITIES 3199 02:02:05,460 --> 02:02:06,394 BEING RECOVERY BECAUSE AT THE 3200 02:02:06,394 --> 02:02:07,162 END OF THE DAY THE LACK OF 3201 02:02:07,162 --> 02:02:09,397 SUPPORT FOR RECOVERY IS WHAT HAS 3202 02:02:09,397 --> 02:02:11,332 LED THE MOST VULNERABLE GROUPS 3203 02:02:11,332 --> 02:02:13,768 TO CONTINUE TO BE AT EXTREMELY 3204 02:02:13,768 --> 02:02:17,338 HIGH RISK OF RELAPSE NEGATIVE 3205 02:02:17,338 --> 02:02:20,508 OUTCOMES. SO THAT'S WHY I'M 3206 02:02:20,508 --> 02:02:21,976 OPTIMISTIC THAT WE'RE NOT GOING 3207 02:02:21,976 --> 02:02:25,180 TO -- THAT THE DECLINE OVERDOSE 3208 02:02:25,180 --> 02:02:27,248 MORTALITY, AGAIN, YOU KNOW, 3209 02:02:27,248 --> 02:02:28,550 THERE'S ALWAYS UNEXPECTED THINGS 3210 02:02:28,550 --> 02:02:32,887 THAT CAN HAPPEN LIKE THE COVID 3211 02:02:32,887 --> 02:02:36,057 PANDEMIC, BUT WE DIDN'T EXPECT 3212 02:02:36,057 --> 02:02:37,125 SOMETHING LIKE THAT THAT WE WILL 3213 02:02:37,125 --> 02:02:40,094 CONTINUE TO SEE THAT DECLINE 3214 02:02:40,094 --> 02:02:43,598 OVERDOSE MORTALITY. AND AGAIN 3215 02:02:43,598 --> 02:02:45,466 THERE MAY BE MORE -- AGAIN, I 3216 02:02:45,466 --> 02:02:46,835 HIGHLIGHTED SOME FACTORS. THERE 3217 02:02:46,835 --> 02:02:48,102 MAY BE OTHER FACTORS THAT ARE 3218 02:02:48,102 --> 02:02:49,704 ALSO PLAYING A ROLE. .I DON'T 3219 02:02:49,704 --> 02:02:53,508 WANT TO OVERSIMPLIFY IT. AND 3220 02:02:53,508 --> 02:02:55,777 I'M ALSO, I THINK, IT'S CRUCIAL 3221 02:02:55,777 --> 02:02:58,479 TO UNDERSTAND THE WHOLE DYNAMICS 3222 02:02:58,479 --> 02:03:00,114 OF WHAT TOO JUST LIKE WHAT I WAS 3223 02:03:00,114 --> 02:03:02,884 SPEAKING ABOUT IN TERMS OF 3224 02:03:02,884 --> 02:03:05,186 PREVENTION, WHAT IS LEADING TO 3225 02:03:05,186 --> 02:03:07,856 THAT REDUCTION IN DRUG USE IN 3226 02:03:07,856 --> 02:03:08,790 TEENAGERS AT THE TIME BUT 3227 02:03:08,790 --> 02:03:13,027 THERE'S ALSO A LOT OF CONCERN ON 3228 02:03:13,027 --> 02:03:16,497 INCREASED ANXIETY AND TURMOIL 3229 02:03:16,497 --> 02:03:19,367 AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND INCREASED 3230 02:03:19,367 --> 02:03:21,703 DISENGAGEMENT AND THE ROLE THAT 3231 02:03:21,703 --> 02:03:23,705 SOCIAL MEDIA CASTS. SO THERE 3232 02:03:23,705 --> 02:03:26,741 ARE CHALLENGES THAT WE NEED TO 3233 02:03:26,741 --> 02:03:27,775 TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHEN SORT OF 3234 02:03:27,775 --> 02:03:29,377 ACTUALLY LOOKING AT OVERALL THE 3235 02:03:29,377 --> 02:03:31,412 PATTERN OF THE BEHAVIORS AND THE 3236 02:03:31,412 --> 02:03:34,883 DEVELOPMENT OF THESE TEENAGERS, 3237 02:03:34,883 --> 02:03:36,517 ARE THEY GOING INTO JUNK FOOD 3238 02:03:36,517 --> 02:03:38,186 AND THAT'S WHY WE DO RESEARCH IS 3239 02:03:38,186 --> 02:03:40,255 TO UNDERSTAND IT AND TO BE ABLE 3240 02:03:40,255 --> 02:03:42,090 TO RESPOND WHEN WE SEE CHANGES 3241 02:03:42,090 --> 02:03:44,459 IN A PROMPT WAY OR IDEALLY TO BE 3242 02:03:44,459 --> 02:03:47,762 ABLE TO PREDICT THEM. SO YOU 3243 02:03:47,762 --> 02:03:50,498 KNOW, ANGELA, I'M SORT OF 3244 02:03:50,498 --> 02:03:52,200 CRITICIZED BY A LOT OF PEOPLE BY 3245 02:03:52,200 --> 02:03:56,170 BEING AN OPTIMIST, WHICH IS 3246 02:03:56,170 --> 02:03:59,073 BIOLOGICALLY SPONTANEOUS IN MY 3247 02:03:59,073 --> 02:04:01,109 BRAIN BUT I AM. I THINK THAT'S 3248 02:04:01,109 --> 02:04:03,478 A LOT OF THE ADVANCES. I THINK 3249 02:04:03,478 --> 02:04:06,614 THERE'S A LOT THAT STILL NEEDS 3250 02:04:06,614 --> 02:04:09,083 TO BE DONE. IT'S VERY 3251 02:04:09,083 --> 02:04:10,351 DISCOURAGING TO SEE HOW MUCH 3252 02:04:10,351 --> 02:04:12,420 PEOPLE WITH SUBSTANCE USE AND 3253 02:04:12,420 --> 02:04:14,155 SUBSTANCE DISORDERS CONTINUE TO 3254 02:04:14,155 --> 02:04:15,657 BE STIGMATIZED WHAT WE WERE JUST 3255 02:04:15,657 --> 02:04:18,626 DESCRIBING HOW EVEN THE DECISION 3256 02:04:18,626 --> 02:04:20,962 OF HOW TO PROPERLY FUND AND 3257 02:04:20,962 --> 02:04:22,230 REIMBURSE FOR TREATMENT OF 3258 02:04:22,230 --> 02:04:23,798 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IS NOT 3259 02:04:23,798 --> 02:04:25,967 GIVEN, HOW DO WE NOT GIVE 3260 02:04:25,967 --> 02:04:28,369 SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE 3261 02:04:28,369 --> 02:04:31,506 RECOVERY. I'M VERY AWARE. I'M 3262 02:04:31,506 --> 02:04:32,774 NOT BLIND. THAT THERE NEEDS TO 3263 02:04:32,774 --> 02:04:34,442 BE A SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT OF 3264 02:04:34,442 --> 02:04:35,443 STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENTS AND 3265 02:04:35,443 --> 02:04:38,746 AGAIN ONE OF THE REASONS WHY I 3266 02:04:38,746 --> 02:04:40,148 WAS SO VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE 3267 02:04:40,148 --> 02:04:42,116 REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY 3268 02:04:42,116 --> 02:04:44,185 BECAUSE HOPEFULLY IT WILL BRING 3269 02:04:44,185 --> 02:04:47,388 ENERGY INTO THE PREVENTION FIELD 3270 02:04:47,388 --> 02:04:48,823 AND JUST SORT OF ACTUALLY THAT 3271 02:04:48,823 --> 02:04:50,491 COMMITMENT AND WILLINGNESS TO 3272 02:04:50,491 --> 02:04:53,895 PUT THE RESOURCES TO MAKE IT 3273 02:04:53,895 --> 02:04:56,197 POSSIBLE. AND THIS MAY BE A 3274 02:04:56,197 --> 02:05:00,068 GOOD TIME TO DO IT. I THINK THE 3275 02:05:00,068 --> 02:05:02,170 EMPHASIS IN PREVENTION, I THINK 3276 02:05:02,170 --> 02:05:04,072 IT'S PROBABLY AT THE STRONGEST 3277 02:05:04,072 --> 02:05:06,741 LEVELS THAT I'VE SEEN SINCE I'VE 3278 02:05:06,741 --> 02:05:08,109 BEEN AT THE NIH. SO THESE ARE 3279 02:05:08,109 --> 02:05:10,078 THE THINGS THAT MAKE ME 3280 02:05:10,078 --> 02:05:11,112 OPTIMISTIC. AND, OF COURSE, 3281 02:05:11,112 --> 02:05:14,949 WHAT MAKES ME OPTIMISTIC IS HOW 3282 02:05:14,949 --> 02:05:15,650 EXTRAORDINARY SCIENCE IS 3283 02:05:15,650 --> 02:05:17,785 ADVANCING ALL THE THINGS THAT WE 3284 02:05:17,785 --> 02:05:20,121 HAVE, WHAT WE CAN SOLVE. 3285 02:05:20,121 --> 02:05:21,556 >> I VERY MUCH APPRECIATE THAT 3286 02:05:21,556 --> 02:05:23,891 ANSWER. AND I JUST SAY AS AN 3287 02:05:23,891 --> 02:05:25,259 INVESTIGATOR MYSELF, PLEASE, 3288 02:05:25,259 --> 02:05:26,661 PLEASE HELP US STAY THE COURSE. 3289 02:05:26,661 --> 02:05:28,162 WE VERY MUCH WANT TO SEE THESE 3290 02:05:28,162 --> 02:05:29,697 TRENDS CONTINUE. WE WANT TO 3291 02:05:29,697 --> 02:05:31,666 CONTINUE TO DO THE GOOD WORK. 3292 02:05:31,666 --> 02:05:35,136 >> THANKS A LOT, ANGELA. AND 3293 02:05:35,136 --> 02:05:37,372 FIRST OFF, THANKS FOR YOUR WORK 3294 02:05:37,372 --> 02:05:39,207 AND THE WORK OF THE SCIENTISTS 3295 02:05:39,207 --> 02:05:40,875 THAT MAKE THIS POSSIBLE BUT FOR 3296 02:05:40,875 --> 02:05:42,377 BRINGING OUT AN INCREDIBLE ROLE 3297 02:05:42,377 --> 02:05:44,212 THAT NIDA STAFF -- BECAUSE IF I 3298 02:05:44,212 --> 02:05:47,682 GIVE ALL THESE PRESENTATIONS, 3299 02:05:47,682 --> 02:05:50,318 THE REALITY IS THAT THIS PROJECT 3300 02:05:50,318 --> 02:05:54,522 ARE THE RESULT OF VERY COMMITTED 3301 02:05:54,522 --> 02:05:57,859 INNOVATIVE IDEAS TO MAKE IT 3302 02:05:57,859 --> 02:06:00,561 POSSIBLE AND TO FACILITATE BY 3303 02:06:00,561 --> 02:06:02,897 OUR STAFF THAT DEVELOPMENT OF 3304 02:06:02,897 --> 02:06:05,566 KNOWLEDGE AND PARTNERSHIPS AND 3305 02:06:05,566 --> 02:06:07,135 NETWORKING. SO I AM EXTREMELY 3306 02:06:07,135 --> 02:06:10,104 LUCKY TO HAVE AN INCREDIBLE 3307 02:06:10,104 --> 02:06:14,776 STAFF AT NIDA AND CERTAINLY 3308 02:06:14,776 --> 02:06:16,277 BASICALLY I AM DELIGHTED THAT 3309 02:06:16,277 --> 02:06:17,578 OTHERS FROM THE OUTSIDE 3310 02:06:17,578 --> 02:06:20,715 RECOGNIZE IT. BECAUSE IT IS 3311 02:06:20,715 --> 02:06:26,220 PRETTY IMPRESSIVE. 3312 02:06:26,220 --> 02:06:27,722 >> I THINK WE'VE BLOWN THE 3313 02:06:27,722 --> 02:06:29,223 BUDGET OF TIME SUSAN BECAUSE 3314 02:06:29,223 --> 02:06:30,925 IT'S 3:36 AND WE WERE SUPPOSED 3315 02:06:30,925 --> 02:06:33,895 TO FINISH, I THINK, AT 3:00 OR 3316 02:06:33,895 --> 02:06:34,929 SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 3317 02:06:34,929 --> 02:06:37,165 >> WE GO INTO CONFERENCE 3318 02:06:37,165 --> 02:06:38,900 CLEARANCE AT 3:30 IF YOU WANT TO 3319 02:06:38,900 --> 02:06:42,370 TAKE A FIVE-MINUTE BREAK AND 3320 02:06:42,370 --> 02:06:43,571 WE'LL GO INTO CONFERENCE. WE'LL 3321 02:06:43,571 --> 02:06:45,998 DO THAT. 3:36. 3322 02:06:47,874 --> 02:06:50,410 WHICH WILL REQUIRE US TO TAKE A 3323 02:06:50,410 --> 02:06:53,280 VOTE FROM YOU AND THEN WE HAVE A 3324 02:06:53,280 --> 02:06:54,815 COUPLE OF -- THESE ARE FOR 3325 02:06:54,815 --> 02:06:56,883 CONTRACTS AND THEN WE HAVE A 3326 02:06:56,883 --> 02:06:58,552 COUPLE OF CONCEPT CLEARANCE 3327 02:06:58,552 --> 02:07:00,387 LISTS FOR GRANTS WHICH DON'T 3328 02:07:00,387 --> 02:07:02,322 REQUIRE A VOTE BUT WHICH WE'LL 3329 02:07:02,322 --> 02:07:07,327 GET YOUR FEEDBACK. WE CAN START 3330 02:07:07,327 --> 02:07:10,530 WITH FIRST ONE WHICH IS ACTUALLY 3331 02:07:10,530 --> 02:07:13,133 FROM OUR DIVISION IT'S BEING 3332 02:07:13,133 --> 02:07:16,136 PRESENTED BY DR. KIM LA BLANC, 3333 02:07:16,136 --> 02:07:24,711 ABCD AND HBCD BY SPECIMEN 3334 02:07:24,711 --> 02:07:25,011 CONTACT. 3335 02:07:25,011 --> 02:07:27,047 >> THIS IS AN ANALYSIS OF 3336 02:07:27,047 --> 02:07:30,383 CRITICAL PART OF COVID STUDIES 3337 02:07:30,383 --> 02:07:40,760 CURRENTLY [LOW AUDIO] 3338 02:07:51,805 --> 02:07:53,740 IF THE OPPORTUNITY IS LOST AND 3339 02:07:53,740 --> 02:07:54,941 CONTINUE TO CONTAIN SPECIMENS IT 3340 02:07:54,941 --> 02:07:56,476 WILL NEVER BE POSSIBLE TO 3341 02:07:56,476 --> 02:07:57,944 CAPTURE IT AGAIN. WE'LL NEVER 3342 02:07:57,944 --> 02:08:02,716 BE ABLE TO GO BACK TO HBC 3343 02:08:02,716 --> 02:08:04,885 PATIENT GET A SAMPLE FROM INFANT 3344 02:08:04,885 --> 02:08:08,421 OR FROM THE STUDY. HVBD 3345 02:08:08,421 --> 02:08:10,991 RECRUITING ENDING COLLECTION 3346 02:08:10,991 --> 02:08:14,327 STREAM ABCD DEPENDS ON 3347 02:08:14,327 --> 02:08:16,429 TOXICOLOGY FOR SUBSTANCE USE, 3348 02:08:16,429 --> 02:08:18,932 ESSENTIAL TO STUDY DESIGN. NEXT 3349 02:08:18,932 --> 02:08:22,502 THE GOAL OF THIS CONCEPT IS TO 3350 02:08:22,502 --> 02:08:25,539 CONTINUE OUR ESSENTIAL STUDIES 3351 02:08:25,539 --> 02:08:26,840 PROVIDE DATA. THIS WOULD 3352 02:08:26,840 --> 02:08:29,342 PROVIDE DATA ESSENTIAL TO STUDY 3353 02:08:29,342 --> 02:08:33,446 AIMS LIKE HCD TOXICOLOGY STUDY 3354 02:08:33,446 --> 02:08:34,681 AND RICH COLLECTION OF BOTH 3355 02:08:34,681 --> 02:08:38,051 STUDIES AND ENSURE STUDIES CAN 3356 02:08:38,051 --> 02:08:40,754 COLLECT STUDIES FOR FUTURE 3357 02:08:40,754 --> 02:08:44,024 RESEARCH AND INFORMATION GAINED 3358 02:08:44,024 --> 02:08:47,294 BY CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH. 3359 02:08:47,294 --> 02:08:52,632 [NO AUDIO] 3360 02:08:52,632 --> 02:08:56,937 >> CAN WE GET A VOTE FROM 3361 02:08:56,937 --> 02:08:58,038 WHETHER OR NOT TO CONTINUE THIS, 3362 02:08:58,038 --> 02:09:02,175 GO FORWARD WITH THIS CONCEPT. 3363 02:09:02,175 --> 02:09:06,947 APPROVE THE CONCEPT. SECOND. 3364 02:09:06,947 --> 02:09:14,487 APPROVED. IS APPROVED. 3365 02:09:14,487 --> 02:09:25,065 [INAUDIBLE]. THANKS. THE NEXT 3366 02:09:25,065 --> 02:09:29,269 ONE IS CTN CONTRACT. 3367 02:09:29,269 --> 02:09:31,972 >> GOOD AFTERNOON. LANDING 3368 02:09:31,972 --> 02:09:33,373 MORAN FROM CLINICAL TRIALS 3369 02:09:33,373 --> 02:09:35,742 NETWORK THIS IS FOR THE NATIONAL 3370 02:09:35,742 --> 02:09:38,211 DRUG ABUSE CLINICAL TRIALS 3371 02:09:38,211 --> 02:09:40,447 NETWORK DATA STATISTICS 3372 02:09:40,447 --> 02:09:43,350 CONTRACT. THE NIDA'S CLINICAL 3373 02:09:43,350 --> 02:09:45,385 TRIAL NETWORK WITH PROVIDERS TO 3374 02:09:45,385 --> 02:09:46,987 BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN RESEARCH 3375 02:09:46,987 --> 02:09:48,822 AND PRACTICE TO IMPROVE 3376 02:09:48,822 --> 02:09:50,357 ADDICTION TREATMENT THROUGH THIS 3377 02:09:50,357 --> 02:09:51,291 PARTNERSHIP RESEARCH STUDIES ARE 3378 02:09:51,291 --> 02:09:53,193 DEVELOPED CONDUCTED IN A BROAD 3379 02:09:53,193 --> 02:09:54,527 RANGE OF TREATMENT SETTINGS 3380 02:09:54,527 --> 02:09:55,428 PATIENT POPULATIONS 3381 02:09:55,428 --> 02:09:57,731 INVESTIGATORS AND STAFF AT THESE 3382 02:09:57,731 --> 02:10:00,567 DIVERSE SETTINGS BRING DIFFERING 3383 02:10:00,567 --> 02:10:01,701 APPROACHES AND VARIED LEVELS OF 3384 02:10:01,701 --> 02:10:02,702 CLINICAL TRIALS EXPERTISE AND 3385 02:10:02,702 --> 02:10:05,739 EXPERIENCE TO CTN STUDIES. TO 3386 02:10:05,739 --> 02:10:07,440 ACCELERATE STUDY IMPLEMENTATION 3387 02:10:07,440 --> 02:10:09,342 ENSURE SCIENTIFIC RIGOR MAINTAIN 3388 02:10:09,342 --> 02:10:11,778 CONSISTENT APPROACHES ACROSS THE 3389 02:10:11,778 --> 02:10:16,082 PORTFOLIO THE CTN INCLUDES THE 3390 02:10:16,082 --> 02:10:17,450 CENTRAL DATA CENTER. NEXT 3391 02:10:17,450 --> 02:10:19,019 SLIDE, PLEASE. THE GOAL FOR 3392 02:10:19,019 --> 02:10:21,755 THIS CONCEPT IS CONTINUED 3393 02:10:21,755 --> 02:10:23,223 SUPPORT FOR CONTRACTED DATA 3394 02:10:23,223 --> 02:10:25,258 STATISTICS CENTER TO PROVIDE 3395 02:10:25,258 --> 02:10:27,227 CENTRAL MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT OF 3396 02:10:27,227 --> 02:10:29,629 CLINICAL TRIALS OF CTN. 3397 02:10:29,629 --> 02:10:31,297 SPECIFIC GOALS TO ESTABLISH 3398 02:10:31,297 --> 02:10:32,098 ADMINISTER SYSTEMS FOR 3399 02:10:32,098 --> 02:10:33,133 COLLECTION MANAGEMENT STORAGE OF 3400 02:10:33,133 --> 02:10:36,002 STUDY DATA ASSIST IN THE DESIGN 3401 02:10:36,002 --> 02:10:38,571 OF CHILD'S PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT 3402 02:10:38,571 --> 02:10:39,439 AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND 3403 02:10:39,439 --> 02:10:41,174 REVIEW MONITOR QUALITY OF STUDY 3404 02:10:41,174 --> 02:10:44,077 DATA MONITOR TRIAL PERFORMANCE 3405 02:10:44,077 --> 02:10:45,378 AND PROGRESS COORDINATE MEETINGS 3406 02:10:45,378 --> 02:10:47,681 OF DATA SAFETY MONITORING BOARDS 3407 02:10:47,681 --> 02:10:50,817 PARTICIPATE IN RELEVANT CLINICAL 3408 02:10:50,817 --> 02:10:53,820 TRIALS NETWORK CTN COMMITTEE 3409 02:10:53,820 --> 02:10:56,790 MEETINGS AND PROVIDE SUPPORT 3410 02:10:56,790 --> 02:10:59,926 SERVICES. THANK YOU. 3411 02:10:59,926 --> 02:11:03,596 >> AGAIN, WOULD SOMEBODY MAKE A 3412 02:11:03,596 --> 02:11:08,768 MOTION TO APPROVE THIS CONTRACT. 3413 02:11:08,768 --> 02:11:14,074 THANK YOU. [INAUDIBLE]. ANY 3414 02:11:14,074 --> 02:11:24,617 ABSTENTIONS IN ? THANK YOU ALL. 3415 02:11:29,089 --> 02:11:33,393 WE'RE GOING TO MOVE ON TO THE 3416 02:11:33,393 --> 02:11:36,396 ADVANCED CONTRACT PRESENTATIONS. 3417 02:11:36,396 --> 02:11:43,303 FIRST ONE IS GOING TO BE FROM 3418 02:11:43,303 --> 02:11:46,439 THE SIMULATION OF THE ADOLESCENT 3419 02:11:46,439 --> 02:11:48,808 BRAIN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 3420 02:11:48,808 --> 02:11:53,313 STUDY THE ADULT STREAM. 3421 02:11:53,313 --> 02:11:55,582 >> GOOD AFTERNOON TO OUR NIDA 3422 02:11:55,582 --> 02:11:56,549 COUNCILMEMBERS MY FELLOW NIDA 3423 02:11:56,549 --> 02:11:57,784 COLLEAGUES AND THE PUBLIC WHO 3424 02:11:57,784 --> 02:12:01,287 HAVE JOINED US VIA THE NIH VIDEO 3425 02:12:01,287 --> 02:12:03,389 CAST. IT'S MY PLEASURE TO 3426 02:12:03,389 --> 02:12:07,193 PRESENT THE CONCEPT ENTITLED 3427 02:12:07,193 --> 02:12:10,063 ADULT ADOLESCENT BRAIN COGNITIVE 3428 02:12:10,063 --> 02:12:11,664 DEFENDANT STUDY RESEARCH PROJECT 3429 02:12:11,664 --> 02:12:13,266 SITES AND CENTERS. ON BEHALF OF 3430 02:12:13,266 --> 02:12:15,969 THE DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 3431 02:12:15,969 --> 02:12:17,670 SERVICES AND PREVENTION 3432 02:12:17,670 --> 02:12:21,841 RESEARCH. THE ABCD STUDY IS THE 3433 02:12:21,841 --> 02:12:25,044 LARGEST LONG-TERM STUDY OF BRAIN 3434 02:12:25,044 --> 02:12:26,746 DEVELOPMENT AND CHILD AND 3435 02:12:26,746 --> 02:12:27,981 ADOLESCENT HEALTH IN THE UNITED 3436 02:12:27,981 --> 02:12:29,115 STATES WHICH NORA PROVIDED AN 3437 02:12:29,115 --> 02:12:32,085 UPDATE ON IN HER DIRECTOR'S 3438 02:12:32,085 --> 02:12:33,286 REPORT ALREADY DURING THIS 3439 02:12:33,286 --> 02:12:35,588 COUNCIL SESSION. TO RECAP, 3440 02:12:35,588 --> 02:12:38,024 THOUGH, IT HAS BEEN HIGHLY 3441 02:12:38,024 --> 02:12:39,859 SUCCESSFUL IN RECRUITING AND 3442 02:12:39,859 --> 02:12:43,596 RETAINING A COHORT OF ALMOST 3443 02:12:43,596 --> 02:12:45,365 12,000 PARTICIPANTS BEGINNING AT 3444 02:12:45,365 --> 02:12:48,935 AGES NINE AND TEN AND ASSESSING 3445 02:12:48,935 --> 02:12:52,539 THEM TO AGES 19 AND 20. NIDA, 3446 02:12:52,539 --> 02:12:54,874 IN COLLABORATION WITH OTHER 3447 02:12:54,874 --> 02:13:01,414 95 PERCENT NIH INSTITUTES AND 3448 02:13:01,414 --> 02:13:05,051 STUDIES ESTABLISHED THE 3449 02:13:05,051 --> 02:13:05,952 CONSORTIUM WITH COMPONENTS, THE 3450 02:13:05,952 --> 02:13:08,354 RESEARCH SITES, THE COORDINATING 3451 02:13:08,354 --> 02:13:11,324 CENTER, AND THE DATA ANALYSIS 3452 02:13:11,324 --> 02:13:12,992 INFOMATICS AND RESOURCE CENTER. 3453 02:13:12,992 --> 02:13:16,129 TOGETHER, THE CONSORTIUM 3454 02:13:16,129 --> 02:13:17,597 ESTABLISHED A COMMON PROTOCOL 3455 02:13:17,597 --> 02:13:19,399 CONDUCTED SEMI ANNUALLY, 3456 02:13:19,399 --> 02:13:21,801 ANNUALLY OR BIANNUALLY THAT 3457 02:13:21,801 --> 02:13:24,003 INCLUDES BRAIN SCANS, BIO 3458 02:13:24,003 --> 02:13:25,872 SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND A 3459 02:13:25,872 --> 02:13:29,509 VARIETY OF ASSESSMENTS SUCH AS 3460 02:13:29,509 --> 02:13:31,444 NEUROCOGNITION, SUBSTANCE USE, 3461 02:13:31,444 --> 02:13:32,245 PHYSICAL HEALTH AND MENTAL 3462 02:13:32,245 --> 02:13:34,848 HEALTH, NEARLY A THOUSAND 300 3463 02:13:34,848 --> 02:13:36,149 PAPERS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED USING 3464 02:13:36,149 --> 02:13:40,653 THE ABCD DATA COVERING A WIDE 3465 02:13:40,653 --> 02:13:41,821 ARRAY OF TOPICS INCLUDING 3466 02:13:41,821 --> 02:13:44,557 SUBSTANCE USE, MENTAL HEALTH, 3467 02:13:44,557 --> 02:13:47,594 SCREEN TIME AND OBESITY, AMONG 3468 02:13:47,594 --> 02:13:49,829 OTHERS. THIS CONCEPT PROPOSES 3469 02:13:49,829 --> 02:13:52,665 TO EXTEND THE STUDY VISITS INTO 3470 02:13:52,665 --> 02:13:55,768 EMERGING ADULTHOOD. 3471 02:13:55,768 --> 02:13:57,604 THIS ADULT ADOLESCENT BRAIN 3472 02:13:57,604 --> 02:14:01,908 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT STUDY, OR 3473 02:14:01,908 --> 02:14:03,743 AABCD IS CRITICAL TO BE ABLE TO 3474 02:14:03,743 --> 02:14:04,744 FOLLOW THESE CHILDREN THROUGH 3475 02:14:04,744 --> 02:14:07,480 THEIR EMERGING ADULTHOOD TO THE 3476 02:14:07,480 --> 02:14:09,549 AGES OF 26, 27 YEARS OF AGE WHEN 3477 02:14:09,549 --> 02:14:11,451 MANY OF THE OUTCOMES OF 3478 02:14:11,451 --> 02:14:13,519 INTEREST, LIKE SUBSTANCE USE 3479 02:14:13,519 --> 02:14:14,554 DISORDERS, MENTAL HEALTH 3480 02:14:14,554 --> 02:14:16,723 DISORDERS, CHRONIC DISEASES, AND 3481 02:14:16,723 --> 02:14:19,726 OTHER HEALTH CONDITIONS WILL 3482 02:14:19,726 --> 02:14:22,228 MANIFEST. BY USING CUTTING-EDGE 3483 02:14:22,228 --> 02:14:23,730 TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS BRAIN SCANS 3484 02:14:23,730 --> 02:14:28,701 AND WEARABLE SENSORS, SCIENTISTS 3485 02:14:28,701 --> 02:14:30,803 HAVE AN UNPRECEDENTED 3486 02:14:30,803 --> 02:14:32,438 OPPORTUNITY TO DETERMINE HOW 3487 02:14:32,438 --> 02:14:33,506 EXPERIENCES FROM CHILDHOOD AND 3488 02:14:33,506 --> 02:14:35,608 EARLY ADULTHOOD SUCH AS PHYSICAL 3489 02:14:35,608 --> 02:14:38,211 ACTIVITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLES, 3490 02:14:38,211 --> 02:14:41,581 NEW TECHNOLOGICAL HABITS, LIKE 3491 02:14:41,581 --> 02:14:44,884 VIDEO GAMES AND SOCIAL MEDIA AND 3492 02:14:44,884 --> 02:14:46,185 OTHER MAKING AMERICA HEALTH 3493 02:14:46,185 --> 02:14:47,587 AGAIN PRIORITY AREAS INTERACT 3494 02:14:47,587 --> 02:14:50,056 WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH AN 3495 02:14:50,056 --> 02:14:54,093 INDIVIDUAL'S CHANGING BIOLOGY TO 3496 02:14:54,093 --> 02:14:56,162 EFFECT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND 3497 02:14:56,162 --> 02:14:57,530 SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, ACADEMIC 3498 02:14:57,530 --> 02:15:00,967 HEALTH AND OTHER OUTCOMES. THIS 3499 02:15:00,967 --> 02:15:03,336 CONCEPT WILL ENCOURAGE 3500 02:15:03,336 --> 02:15:05,338 IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND 3501 02:15:05,338 --> 02:15:09,142 SYSTEMS NECESSARY TO REMOTELY 3502 02:15:09,142 --> 02:15:10,743 CONSENT, COLLECT MOBILE SURVEY 3503 02:15:10,743 --> 02:15:12,612 DATA AND COMMUNICATE IN A SECURE 3504 02:15:12,612 --> 02:15:14,080 ENVIRONMENT WITH THE 3505 02:15:14,080 --> 02:15:16,115 PARTICIPANTS THAT ARE AGING INTO 3506 02:15:16,115 --> 02:15:18,685 YOUNG ADULTHOOD. IT ALSO 3507 02:15:18,685 --> 02:15:21,721 ENCOURAGES LEVERAGING EXISTING 3508 02:15:21,721 --> 02:15:27,627 DATA VIA EXTANT AND TO INTEGRATE 3509 02:15:27,627 --> 02:15:29,162 IN A COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER. 3510 02:15:29,162 --> 02:15:32,765 THIS PROPOSED AABCD STUDY WILL 3511 02:15:32,765 --> 02:15:34,367 REMAIN COMMITTED TO AN OPEN 3512 02:15:34,367 --> 02:15:36,302 SCIENCE MODEL OF DISCOVERY AND A 3513 02:15:36,302 --> 02:15:37,904 SCIENTIFIC MEETING IS BEING 3514 02:15:37,904 --> 02:15:40,640 PLANNED FOR THIS SUMMER ON 3515 02:15:40,640 --> 02:15:42,642 JULY 20TH AND 21st WITH A VIDEO 3516 02:15:42,642 --> 02:15:46,479 CAST TO RECEIVE INPUT FROM THE 3517 02:15:46,479 --> 02:15:50,216 PUBLIC. THANK YOU. 3518 02:15:50,216 --> 02:15:54,153 >> WE DON'T NEED TO VOTE, BUT 3519 02:15:54,153 --> 02:16:03,997 ANY COMMENTS, QUESTIONS? I 3520 02:16:03,997 --> 02:16:07,600 THINK WE CAN MOVE ON. THANK 3521 02:16:07,600 --> 02:16:11,771 YOU. NEXT IS A PROGRAM THAT 3522 02:16:11,771 --> 02:16:15,341 KAVI WILL BE PRESENTING HIV 3523 02:16:15,341 --> 02:16:18,778 RESEARCH PROGRAM. 3524 02:16:18,778 --> 02:16:20,813 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME OKAY? 3525 02:16:20,813 --> 02:16:22,181 >> YES. 3526 02:16:22,181 --> 02:16:23,750 >> GREAT. GOOD AFTERNOON, 3527 02:16:23,750 --> 02:16:26,119 EVERYONE, I'M KAVI, I'M HERE TO 3528 02:16:26,119 --> 02:16:32,992 PRESENT THE CONCEPT, NIDA, FOR 3529 02:16:32,992 --> 02:16:35,762 HIGH RISK/REWARD FOR HIV 3530 02:16:35,762 --> 02:16:37,697 SUBSTANCE USE, THIS CONCEPT IS 3531 02:16:37,697 --> 02:16:40,266 FOR FISCAL YEAR 2027 AND IT 3532 02:16:40,266 --> 02:16:44,404 COMBINES NIDA'S TWO LONG RUNNING 3533 02:16:44,404 --> 02:16:46,406 FLAGSHIPS INITIATIVES INTO ONE 3534 02:16:46,406 --> 02:16:49,976 BROAD SCOPE CONCEPT THAT WILL BE 3535 02:16:49,976 --> 02:16:51,911 AVAILABLE FOR BOTH EARLY AND 3536 02:16:51,911 --> 02:16:53,846 ESTABLISHED INVESTIGATORS. THIS 3537 02:16:53,846 --> 02:16:55,181 PROGRAM DOES SUPPORT HIGH RISK 3538 02:16:55,181 --> 02:16:57,784 HIGH REWARD PROJECTS. IT IS 3539 02:16:57,784 --> 02:17:00,686 DESIGNED TO ATTRACT EXCEPTIONAL 3540 02:17:00,686 --> 02:17:02,722 INVESTIGATORS WITH INNOVATIVE 3541 02:17:02,722 --> 02:17:08,027 IDEAS TO SOLVE IMMINENT PROBLEMS 3542 02:17:08,027 --> 02:17:11,130 UNDER SUBSTANCE USE UNDER THIS 3543 02:17:11,130 --> 02:17:13,199 CONCEPT NIDA ACCEPTS 3544 02:17:13,199 --> 02:17:16,135 APPLICATIONS PROPOSING BASIC 3545 02:17:16,135 --> 02:17:16,836 INTEGRAL SCIENCE-BASED PROJECTS 3546 02:17:16,836 --> 02:17:18,838 THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO OPEN 3547 02:17:18,838 --> 02:17:20,540 NEW AREAS OF HIV RESEARCH IN THE 3548 02:17:20,540 --> 02:17:22,875 CONTEXT OF SUBSTANCE USE AND 3549 02:17:22,875 --> 02:17:24,677 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, OR LEAD 3550 02:17:24,677 --> 02:17:27,013 TO NEW AVENUES FOR PREVENTION 3551 02:17:27,013 --> 02:17:30,183 AND TREATMENT OF HIV IN PEOPLE 3552 02:17:30,183 --> 02:17:33,186 WITH HIV. SOME AREAS OF 3553 02:17:33,186 --> 02:17:34,620 PARTICULAR INTEREST INCLUDING 3554 02:17:34,620 --> 02:17:36,355 REDUCING TRANSMISSION AND NEW 3555 02:17:36,355 --> 02:17:38,624 DIAGNOSES OF HIV AMONG PEOPLE 3556 02:17:38,624 --> 02:17:40,593 WHO USE DRUGS. OPTIMIZING 3557 02:17:40,593 --> 02:17:42,829 TREATMENTS FOR HIV AND SUBSTANCE 3558 02:17:42,829 --> 02:17:44,697 USE DISORDERS. DEVELOPING 3559 02:17:44,697 --> 02:17:47,500 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE HIV 3560 02:17:47,500 --> 02:17:50,036 REMISSION AND ELIMINATION IN THE 3561 02:17:50,036 --> 02:17:51,170 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 3562 02:17:51,170 --> 02:17:51,838 DEVELOPING INTEGRATED THERAPIES 3563 02:17:51,838 --> 02:17:55,074 TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT OF 3564 02:17:55,074 --> 02:17:56,676 COMORBIDITIES AND TO IMPROVE 3565 02:17:56,676 --> 02:17:57,810 HEALTH OUTCOMES IN PEOPLE LIVING 3566 02:17:57,810 --> 02:18:01,747 WITH HIV AND SUD. BOTH THESE 3567 02:18:01,747 --> 02:18:03,382 PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE 3568 02:18:03,382 --> 02:18:08,254 OVER A DECADE, HAVE BEEN HUGELY 3569 02:18:08,254 --> 02:18:09,989 SUCCESSFUL. THE AREA 3570 02:18:09,989 --> 02:18:11,224 INTEGRATORS BEEN FUNDED THROUGH 3571 02:18:11,224 --> 02:18:13,659 THE PROGRAM HAVE GONE ON TO 3572 02:18:13,659 --> 02:18:16,295 SECURE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT 3573 02:18:16,295 --> 02:18:19,866 RESEARCH FUNDING THEY'RE 3574 02:18:19,866 --> 02:18:23,903 PROLIFIC IN PUBLISHING OVER 450 3575 02:18:23,903 --> 02:18:25,705 PUBLICATIONS NOW UP FROM 36 NIDA 3576 02:18:25,705 --> 02:18:27,173 AWARDS. THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN 3577 02:18:27,173 --> 02:18:29,408 THE PRIDE AND JOY OF THE HIV I 3578 02:18:29,408 --> 02:18:31,210 PROGRAM AT NIDA AND WE SEEK YOUR 3579 02:18:31,210 --> 02:18:40,786 APPROVAL TO CONTINUE THIS. 3580 02:18:40,786 --> 02:18:43,289 >> ANY COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS? 3581 02:18:43,289 --> 02:18:44,690 >> GREAT PROGRAM. AND I HIGHLY 3582 02:18:44,690 --> 02:18:47,260 SUPPORT IT. 3583 02:18:47,260 --> 02:18:57,803 >> THANK YOU. THANKS, KAVI. 3584 02:19:00,907 --> 02:19:05,144 AND THE LAST CONCEPTS ARE RCINA 3585 02:19:05,144 --> 02:19:07,413 WILL PRESENT FROM NEUROSCIENCE 3586 02:19:07,413 --> 02:19:07,680 BEHAVIOR. 3587 02:19:07,680 --> 02:19:09,749 >> GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYBODY. 3588 02:19:09,749 --> 02:19:11,584 I WILL INTRODUCE THESE TWO NEW 3589 02:19:11,584 --> 02:19:13,019 CONCEPTS FOR THE DIVISION OF 3590 02:19:13,019 --> 02:19:15,855 NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR AND 3591 02:19:15,855 --> 02:19:17,590 OUR PROGRAM TECHNICAL POINTS OF 3592 02:19:17,590 --> 02:19:19,158 CONTACT ARE ALSO ONLINE TO 3593 02:19:19,158 --> 02:19:21,294 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS THAT THERE 3594 02:19:21,294 --> 02:19:24,330 MAY BE. FIRST UP, WE HAVE 3595 02:19:24,330 --> 02:19:29,202 MOLECULAR AND NEUROMECHANISMS OF 3596 02:19:29,202 --> 02:19:30,603 NONINVASIVE TO TREAT BRAIN 3597 02:19:30,603 --> 02:19:32,004 DISORDERS THE CONTACT IS FROM 3598 02:19:32,004 --> 02:19:37,343 DR. SEMNIN FROM THE PHARMACOLOGY 3599 02:19:37,343 --> 02:19:38,377 BRANCH. BRIEFLY NONBRAINSTEM 3600 02:19:38,377 --> 02:19:40,346 APPROACHES ARE INCREASING IN 3601 02:19:40,346 --> 02:19:41,714 BOTH MODALITIES AND POTENTIAL 3602 02:19:41,714 --> 02:19:43,749 APPLICATION SPACES WITH AN ARRAY 3603 02:19:43,749 --> 02:19:48,054 OF INTERFACES AND INDICATIONS 3604 02:19:48,054 --> 02:19:49,088 GARNERING SIGNIFICANT ATTENTION. 3605 02:19:49,088 --> 02:19:50,022 SEVERAL STUDIES POINTED TO THE 3606 02:19:50,022 --> 02:19:51,257 POTENTIAL FOR USING THESE 3607 02:19:51,257 --> 02:19:52,558 APPROACHES FOR TREATING 3608 02:19:52,558 --> 02:19:54,193 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AND 3609 02:19:54,193 --> 02:19:55,928 POTENTIAL COMORBIDITIES, BUT 3610 02:19:55,928 --> 02:19:56,796 LIMITED INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE 3611 02:19:56,796 --> 02:19:59,498 AS TO MOLECULAR AND 3612 02:19:59,498 --> 02:20:01,334 CIRCUIT-LEVEL MECHANISMS OF 3613 02:20:01,334 --> 02:20:02,568 ACTIONS THAT WOULD BE USEFUL FOR 3614 02:20:02,568 --> 02:20:04,937 DETERMINING CRITICAL ACTIONS 3615 02:20:04,937 --> 02:20:07,773 SUCH AS ANATOMICAL TARGETS AND 3616 02:20:07,773 --> 02:20:09,442 FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION. THESE 3617 02:20:09,442 --> 02:20:11,043 PARAMETERS WILL BECOME 3618 02:20:11,043 --> 02:20:12,545 PARTICULARLY VALUABLE AS 3619 02:20:12,545 --> 02:20:14,647 STIMULATION MODALITIES TARGETING 3620 02:20:14,647 --> 02:20:15,781 CAPABILITIES CONTINUE TO BE 3621 02:20:15,781 --> 02:20:17,650 REFINED AND ELABORATED. THIS 3622 02:20:17,650 --> 02:20:18,751 CONCEPT WE'LL SEEK PROPOSALS 3623 02:20:18,751 --> 02:20:21,621 THAT ENGAGE IN COLLABORATIVE 3624 02:20:21,621 --> 02:20:25,524 RESEARCH WITH EXPERTISE IN BOTH 3625 02:20:25,524 --> 02:20:27,026 NEUROMODULAR DELIVERY ASSOCIATED 3626 02:20:27,026 --> 02:20:27,827 MECHANISMS FUNDAMENTAL NERVE 3627 02:20:27,827 --> 02:20:33,633 BIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE. 3628 02:20:33,633 --> 02:20:40,573 >> THANKS. QUESTIONS? 3629 02:20:40,573 --> 02:20:43,442 >> HEARING NONE. THE SECOND 3630 02:20:43,442 --> 02:20:45,177 CONCEPT IS PART OF THE BRAIN 3631 02:20:45,177 --> 02:20:46,345 INITIATIVE, THE THEORIES MODELS 3632 02:20:46,345 --> 02:20:48,681 AND METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF 3633 02:20:48,681 --> 02:20:50,950 COMPLEX DATA FROM THE BRAIN ARE 3634 02:20:50,950 --> 02:20:52,485 PROGRAMMATIC POINTS OF CONTACT 3635 02:20:52,485 --> 02:20:55,821 HERE AT DR. JESSICA MOLOC, 3636 02:20:55,821 --> 02:20:57,256 CHRISTINA HATCH. VERY BRIEFLY, 3637 02:20:57,256 --> 02:20:59,458 AS WE CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR 3638 02:20:59,458 --> 02:21:01,060 ABILITY TO MEASURE NEURONAL 3639 02:21:01,060 --> 02:21:02,461 FUNCTION IN THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS 3640 02:21:02,461 --> 02:21:04,230 OF ACTIVITY BETWEEN AND ACROSS 3641 02:21:04,230 --> 02:21:06,599 BRAIN REGIONS THAT UNDERLIE THE 3642 02:21:06,599 --> 02:21:09,302 IMMENSE PROCESSING POWER OF THE 3643 02:21:09,302 --> 02:21:11,170 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, RESEARCH 3644 02:21:11,170 --> 02:21:14,006 IS NEEDED TO DEVELOP 3645 02:21:14,006 --> 02:21:14,874 COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO BOTH 3646 02:21:14,874 --> 02:21:16,876 INFER FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 3647 02:21:16,876 --> 02:21:17,843 AND MECHANISMS FROM THESE DATA 3648 02:21:17,843 --> 02:21:20,212 STREAMS AS WELL AS IDENTIFY GAPS 3649 02:21:20,212 --> 02:21:22,515 IN KNOWLEDGE THAT INFORM NEW 3650 02:21:22,515 --> 02:21:24,850 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND 3651 02:21:24,850 --> 02:21:26,152 TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS FOR FUTURE 3652 02:21:26,152 --> 02:21:27,687 APPLICATIONS. AS SUCH, THE TMM 3653 02:21:27,687 --> 02:21:29,989 PROGRAM WILL FOCUS ON SUPPORTING 3654 02:21:29,989 --> 02:21:31,257 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES THAT DEVELOP 3655 02:21:31,257 --> 02:21:32,224 COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR 3656 02:21:32,224 --> 02:21:34,460 MODELING AND ANALYZING COMPLEX 3657 02:21:34,460 --> 02:21:35,928 DATASETS ON FUNCTIONAL BRAIN 3658 02:21:35,928 --> 02:21:37,697 CIRCUITRY, AND MAKING THESE 3659 02:21:37,697 --> 02:21:39,031 TOOLS AND APPROACHES BROADLY 3660 02:21:39,031 --> 02:21:39,565 AVAILABLE TO THE RESEARCH 3661 02:21:39,565 --> 02:21:47,306 COMMUNITY. 3662 02:21:47,306 --> 02:21:51,677 >> ANY COMMENTS? 3663 02:21:51,677 --> 02:21:54,180 >> WILL THAT PARTICULAR CONCEPT 3664 02:21:54,180 --> 02:21:56,982 BE RELIANT ON FUNDING TO THE 3665 02:21:56,982 --> 02:21:58,184 BRAIN INITIATIVE? OR WILL NIDA 3666 02:21:58,184 --> 02:22:01,287 BE SUPPORTING IT? 3667 02:22:01,287 --> 02:22:05,591 >> IT WOULD STILL BE A BRAIN 3668 02:22:05,591 --> 02:22:08,294 INITIATIVE UNDER THE PROGRAM. 3669 02:22:08,294 --> 02:22:08,994 NIDA PARTICIPATION AND WE HAVE 3670 02:22:08,994 --> 02:22:11,297 SOME FUNDS IN IT, BUT WE'VE 3671 02:22:11,297 --> 02:22:14,734 TAKEN OVER IN A LEADERSHIP ROLE 3672 02:22:14,734 --> 02:22:16,802 FOR THAT PARTICULAR PROGRAM 3673 02:22:16,802 --> 02:22:19,472 BECAUSE -- BUT IT WOULD STILL 3674 02:22:19,472 --> 02:22:29,782 FALL UNDER THAT. 3675 02:22:34,820 --> 02:22:35,921 >> FOLLOWING UP ON THAT 3676 02:22:35,921 --> 02:22:37,390 QUESTION, IT MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE 3677 02:22:37,390 --> 02:22:39,592 TO REALLY ANSWER THIS YET, BUT 3678 02:22:39,592 --> 02:22:41,794 IT SEEMS LIKE THIS IS A REALLY 3679 02:22:41,794 --> 02:22:44,096 IMPORTANT DIRECTION, AND I 3680 02:22:44,096 --> 02:22:46,365 WONDER IF THERE IS A POSSIBILITY 3681 02:22:46,365 --> 02:22:48,067 THERE COULD BE ADDITIONAL 3682 02:22:48,067 --> 02:22:51,504 SUPPORT MOVING IN THIS DIRECTION 3683 02:22:51,504 --> 02:22:53,172 CONSIDERING THE CHALLENGES THAT 3684 02:22:53,172 --> 02:22:56,876 ARE BEFORE US. SORT OF RELATED 3685 02:22:56,876 --> 02:22:57,943 TO THE QUESTION WHERE THE MONEY 3686 02:22:57,943 --> 02:23:02,381 IS COMING FROM AND IF THERE'S A 3687 02:23:02,381 --> 02:23:07,720 CHANCE THERE CAN BE ADDITIONAL 3688 02:23:07,720 --> 02:23:08,020 ALLOCATION. 3689 02:23:08,020 --> 02:23:11,223 >> TO ANSWER THAT. 3690 02:23:11,223 --> 02:23:13,993 >> JUST TO PUT IT OUT THERE. 3691 02:23:13,993 --> 02:23:18,330 >> OKAY. WELL, WE HEAR YOU. 3692 02:23:18,330 --> 02:23:19,899 WE HEARD YOU. 3693 02:23:19,899 --> 02:23:23,736 >> WE REST ON IT, MARK, TRUST 3694 02:23:23,736 --> 02:23:25,538 US, BUT I THINK JOHN, THE 3695 02:23:25,538 --> 02:23:27,907 DIRECTOR OF THE BRAIN, IS VERY 3696 02:23:27,907 --> 02:23:30,943 AWARE HOW IMPORTANT THIS 3697 02:23:30,943 --> 02:23:31,844 COMPONENT OF THE BRAIN IS. 3698 02:23:31,844 --> 02:23:41,754 >> THANKS. 3699 02:23:41,754 --> 02:23:52,298 >> I DON'T SEE ANY MORE HANDS. 3700 02:23:53,899 --> 02:23:56,869 SUSAN. 3701 02:23:56,869 --> 02:24:02,441 >> SO WE ARE AT THE COMMENT 3702 02:24:02,441 --> 02:24:03,676 PERIOD AND I DON'T THINK WE 3703 02:24:03,676 --> 02:24:04,610 RECEIVED ANY PUBLIC COMMENT 3704 02:24:04,610 --> 02:24:06,479 PRIOR TO THE MEETING. IF 3705 02:24:06,479 --> 02:24:09,982 ANYBODY WISHES TO, IF ANYBODY 3706 02:24:09,982 --> 02:24:11,917 WOULD LIKE TO SUBMIT COMMENTS, 3707 02:24:11,917 --> 02:24:15,488 PLEASE DO SEND THEM TO US AND WE 3708 02:24:15,488 --> 02:24:19,391 CAN WRITE TO YOU AT THE END OF 3709 02:24:19,391 --> 02:24:22,661 THE MEETING AND THESE COMMENTS 3710 02:24:22,661 --> 02:24:28,534 WILL BE COMPILED. SO WITH THAT, 3711 02:24:28,534 --> 02:24:32,738 I THINK WE AGAIN WANT TO THANK 3712 02:24:32,738 --> 02:24:37,176 EVERYBODY. WE REALLY APPRECIATE 3713 02:24:37,176 --> 02:24:42,047 IT. IT WAS A RICH DISCUSSION 3714 02:24:42,047 --> 02:24:45,718 AND WE'LL SEE YOU IN SEPTEMBER. 3715 02:24:45,718 --> 02:24:48,954 THOSE WHO WE ARE -- 3716 02:24:48,954 --> 02:24:50,656 >> SO SINCE YOUR VOICE IS 3717 02:24:50,656 --> 02:24:51,757 COMING OUT ALL BROKEN AND I 3718 02:24:51,757 --> 02:24:52,424 DON'T KNOW IF IT'S BECAUSE 3719 02:24:52,424 --> 02:24:55,261 YOU'RE FAR AWAY FROM THE 3720 02:24:55,261 --> 02:24:55,728 MICROPHONE. 3721 02:24:55,728 --> 02:24:56,529 >> IS THIS BETTER? 3722 02:24:56,529 --> 02:25:00,566 >> A LITTLE BIT BETTER, YES. 3723 02:25:00,566 --> 02:25:03,502 >> AND JUST REALLY WANTING TO 3724 02:25:03,502 --> 02:25:04,670 THANK PEOPLE. I'LL TURN IT OVER 3725 02:25:04,670 --> 02:25:05,004 TO YOU. 3726 02:25:05,004 --> 02:25:06,906 >> I ALSO WANT TO THANK ALL OF 3727 02:25:06,906 --> 02:25:10,142 THE MEMBERS OF COUNCIL AND ALL 3728 02:25:10,142 --> 02:25:12,211 OF THE NIDA STAFF THAT ACTUALLY 3729 02:25:12,211 --> 02:25:13,379 HELPED MAKE ALL THIS POSSIBLE 3730 02:25:13,379 --> 02:25:16,115 AND SUSAN AND HER TEAM THAT 3731 02:25:16,115 --> 02:25:16,715 ORGANIZED THIS MEETING 3732 02:25:16,715 --> 02:25:17,816 SEAMLESSLY EVEN THOUGH IT WAS 3733 02:25:17,816 --> 02:25:20,686 THE FIRST TIME WE USED TEAMS 3734 02:25:20,686 --> 02:25:22,288 NOTICED THERE WAS NOT A SINGLE 3735 02:25:22,288 --> 02:25:24,390 GLITCH. I DO HOPE THAT NEXT 3736 02:25:24,390 --> 02:25:26,058 MEETING WE ARE ALL IN PLACE 3737 02:25:26,058 --> 02:25:27,960 BECAUSE THAT IS SOMETHING THAT I 3738 02:25:27,960 --> 02:25:30,596 DO MISS IS SEEING YOU ALL IN 3739 02:25:30,596 --> 02:25:32,464 PERSON. AND FOR ALL OF THE 3740 02:25:32,464 --> 02:25:33,832 COUNCILMEMBERS THAT ARE 3741 02:25:33,832 --> 02:25:35,200 ABANDONING US, I WANT TO THANK 3742 02:25:35,200 --> 02:25:38,737 YOU AGAIN AND WE WILL BE SEEING 3743 02:25:38,737 --> 02:25:45,411 EACH OTHER AT OTHER MEETINGS. 3744 02:25:45,411 --> 02:25:46,812 BUT MEANWHILE, EVERYONE, WE'LL 3745 02:25:46,812 --> 02:25:49,415 SEE MANY OF US TOMORROW FOR THE 3746 02:25:49,415 --> 02:25:51,183 MEETING JOINTLY WITH THE COUNCIL 3747 02:25:51,183 --> 02:25:53,185 FOR THE ALCOHOL INSTITUTE AND 3748 02:25:53,185 --> 02:25:54,954 THE CANCER INSTITUTE. SO WE 3749 02:25:54,954 --> 02:25:57,189 WILL SEE EACH OTHER AGAIN 3750 02:25:57,189 --> 02:26:00,326 TOMORROW AND UNTIL THEN, BUT 3751 02:26:00,326 --> 02:26:01,727 THANKS FOR STICKING WITH US. 3752 02:26:01,727 --> 02:26:03,529 >> ONE MORE COMMENT. I DID 3753 02:26:03,529 --> 02:26:05,598 FORGET TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE TEAM 3754 02:26:05,598 --> 02:26:08,067 WHO MADE THIS MEETING HAPPEN, 3755 02:26:08,067 --> 02:26:13,973 AND THEY HAVE REALLY DONE HEROIC 3756 02:26:13,973 --> 02:26:17,776 EFFORTS I WANT TO THANK THEM ALL 3757 02:26:17,776 --> 02:26:19,712 AND THIS WAS A MAJOR UNDERTAKING 3758 02:26:19,712 --> 02:26:21,046 TRYING TO SHIFT EVERYTHING AND 3759 02:26:21,046 --> 02:26:22,481 THINGS AT THE LAST MINUTE. THEY 3760 02:26:22,481 --> 02:26:26,251 DID A FANTASTIC JOB. THANK YOU 3761 02:26:26,251 --> 02:26:29,321 VERY MUCH. 3762 02:26:29,321 --> 02:26:31,590 >> THANKS, EVERYONE. STAY 3763 02:26:31,590 --> 02:26:32,091 WELL. UNTIL TOMORROW. 3764 02:26:32,091 --> 02:26:42,334 >> TOMORROW.