1 00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:09,560 >>THANK YOU 2 00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,120 FOR ATTENDING THE FIRST OF 4 3 00:00:11,120 --> 00:00:13,320 MEETINGS FOR THE BIOMARKERS OF 4 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:15,120 NUTRITION FOR DEVELOPMENTS, 5 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:16,800 KNOWLEDGE INDICATING DIETARY 6 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:18,400 SUFFICIENCY OR THE BOND KIDS 7 00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:19,040 PROJECT. 8 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:21,600 MY NAME IS DREW BREMER AND ON 9 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,120 BEHALF OF THE EUNICE KENNEDY 10 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:26,320 SHRIVER, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR 11 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:27,480 CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN 12 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:29,520 DEVELOPMENT I WOULD LIKE TO 13 00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:30,120 EXTEND A THANKS TO THE FEDERAL 14 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:31,760 AND NONFEDERAL COMMITTEE OF THE 15 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:32,040 BOND KIDS PROJECT WHO HELPED 16 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:33,320 SHAPE THE MEETING SERIES AS WELL 17 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:34,240 AS WORKING GROUP CHAIRS AND 18 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:35,880 MEMBERS. 19 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:37,320 ALL OF HAVE YOU PUT IN COUNTLESS 20 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:39,520 HOURS OF TIME ON THIS PROJECT, 21 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:43,960 ALL WHILE CONTINUING YOUR DAY 22 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:45,760 JOBS AND AMIDST THE CHALLENGES 23 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:46,120 OF THE PANDEMIC. 24 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:47,880 SECOND I WOULD LIKE TO THANK A 25 00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:52,720 COLLEAGUES AND RECOGNIZE DANIEL 26 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:54,920 R AITEN ON THE BOND KIDS 27 00:00:54,920 --> 00:00:55,120 PROJECT. 28 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:56,720 YOU WILL HEAR MORE FROM HIM 29 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:56,920 LATER. 30 00:00:56,920 --> 00:00:59,440 THIRD I WOULD LIKE TO THANK 31 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:02,800 ALLISON STIENER FROM THE CAD AME 32 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:03,880 OF PEDIATRICIANS ANDIN KETTICS 33 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:06,200 AND FOURTH I WOULD LIKE TO THANK 34 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:08,720 JENNY WILSON FOR HELPING US ALL 35 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:09,320 STAY ORGANIZED. 36 00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:11,640 AND FINALLY I WANT TO THANK OW 37 00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:12,360 CONTRACTS TECHNICAL AND AV TEAMS 38 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:14,720 IF ARE WORKING WITH US TO MAKE 39 00:01:14,720 --> 00:01:16,200 THESE DISCUSSIONS AVAILABLE TO 40 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:17,440 THE PUBLIC, BOTHOT ZOOM PLATFORM 41 00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,400 AS WELL AS VIDEOCAST. 42 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:23,040 THESE SERIES OF WORKING MEETINGS 43 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:24,680 ARE THE CULMINATION OF HOURS AND 44 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:26,080 DISCUSSIONS AND AS DAN WILL 45 00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:27,440 EXPLAIN SHORTLY ARE MEANT TO 46 00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:29,120 TAKE A DEEP DIVE INTO EXAMINING 47 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,680 THE ISSUE DISPS NUTRITIONAL 48 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,080 NEEDS AND ASSESSMENTS OF 49 00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:34,240 SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN. 50 00:01:34,240 --> 00:01:35,840 AND NOW IT'S MY 51 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:37,480 PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE DAN 52 00:01:37,480 --> 00:01:38,120 RAITEN, THE ORGANIZATIONS 53 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:40,040 NIEDZER OF THIS PROJECT. 54 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:41,440 TAKE IT AWAY, DAN. 55 00:01:41,440 --> 00:01:43,680 >> HI, EVERYBODY, THANK YOU 56 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:43,960 DREW. 57 00:01:43,960 --> 00:01:46,440 THANK YOU TO ALL THE ORGANIZING 58 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:49,440 TEAMS AND THANK YOU TO OUR 59 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:50,240 SESSION CHAIR TODAY, 60 00:01:50,240 --> 00:01:52,640 DR. BELAFONTE, WHO YOU WILL HEAR 61 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:53,480 FROM LATER ON. 62 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,720 I WILL TO TAKE A OPPORTUNITY TO 63 00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:56,800 FAMILIARIZE YOU ALL WITH THE 64 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,200 INTENT OF THIS PROJECT. 65 00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:01,640 THIS PROJECT WAS THE RESULT OF 66 00:02:01,640 --> 00:02:03,560 CONVERSATIONS THAT HAVE OCCURRED 67 00:02:03,560 --> 00:02:06,600 OVER THE LAST YEAR OR SO WHICH 68 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:07,880 IDENTIFIED A REAL NEED IN THE 69 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:10,440 AREA OF HOW WE ASSESS THE IMPACT 70 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:13,080 OF PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT 71 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:16,240 NUTRITIONAL CARE OF SCHOOL AGED 72 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:17,000 CHILDREN. 73 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:18,440 THE TITLE HAS ACTUALLY WOPARTS 74 00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:22,440 OF THE PROG EKD, IT'S BOND AND 75 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:23,000 KNOWLEDGE INDICATING DIETARY 76 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:24,120 DEFENSE SO I THOUGHT I WOULD 77 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:26,560 TAKE TIME TO JUST SORT OF 78 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:31,120 EXPLAIN WHAT THOSE 2 COMPONENTS 79 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:31,320 MEAN. 80 00:02:31,320 --> 00:02:35,440 THE FIRST SLIDE IS JUST A 81 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:36,320 REPRESENTATION OF OUR APPROACH 82 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:38,680 IN THE UNITED STATES, THE 83 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:40,880 LEADERSHIP IS REALLY TO--WE ARE 84 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:42,400 AN EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM 85 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:44,360 HERE AT NICHD BUT WE RECOGNIZE 86 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:47,240 THAT THAT RESEARCH NEEDS TO BE 87 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:48,760 TRANSLATED AND OUR EEIVETTUAL 88 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:50,920 GOAL IS TO BE ABLE TO GENERATE 89 00:02:50,920 --> 00:02:53,440 THE DATA, GENERATE THE EVIDENT 90 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:55,920 TO BE THE EVIDENCE GENERATORS 91 00:02:55,920 --> 00:02:57,280 AND FORM PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS 92 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:00,000 CONTINUE AND THEN TO USE THAT TO 93 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:05,760 IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF THE 94 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:06,800 POPULATION, PARTICULARLY WOMEN, 95 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:07,920 INFANTS AND CHILDREN. 96 00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:08,800 NEXT SLIDE. 97 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:10,920 SO WHAT WE'RE ASPIRING TO DO 98 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:11,920 HERE IS TO PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR 99 00:03:11,920 --> 00:03:15,080 ALL OF YOU THAT ARE INTERESTED 100 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:16,920 IN THIS AREA THAT PARTICULARLY 101 00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:18,400 PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT 102 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:19,560 FOR CHILDREN. 103 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:21,200 BUT IN PARTICULAR THOSE AGENCIES 104 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:23,040 AND ORGANIZATIONS ARE ACTIVELY 105 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,200 ENGAGED IN PROGRAMMING,A ROUND 106 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:26,640 THIS AREA, AND HELP TO GIVE THEM 107 00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:28,200 THE TOOLS THAT THEY NEED TO 108 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:31,960 ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE 109 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:32,920 TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT PROGRAMS 110 00:03:32,920 --> 00:03:35,320 THAT THEY'RE DOING, WHERE DOING 111 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:39,000 THIS BY ENGAGING THE BREATH OF 112 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,080 THE CONTINUAL EFFORT FROM 113 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:43,040 RESEARCH TO ASSESSMENT TO 114 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:45,160 SURVEILLANCE TO PROGRAM TO 115 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:45,720 DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, 116 00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:47,560 THAT ENTIRE COMMUNITY HAS BEEN 117 00:03:47,560 --> 00:03:52,760 ENGAGED IN THE BOND-KIDS 118 00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:53,120 PROJECT. 119 00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:53,880 NEXT SLIDE. 120 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:54,600 I WILL WAIT. 121 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:56,320 I DID WANT TO ALSO MENTION THAT 122 00:03:56,320 --> 00:03:58,360 WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS 123 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,400 DEVELOP A DATABASE, WE'RE TRYING 124 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:03,920 TO DEVELOP EVIDENCE BASE TO 125 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:06,200 SUPPORT THIS AGENDA AND WE'RE 126 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:09,000 ALSO GOING TO MOVE THIS FORWARD, 127 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:11,880 IT'S TENDED NOT TO BE 1-OFF, 128 00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:13,400 IT'S INTENDED TO BE FIRST PART 129 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:14,800 OF HOPEFULLY WHAT WILL BE A 130 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,920 SERIES OF EFFORTS TO TAKE THE 131 00:04:18,920 --> 00:04:19,880 EVIDENCE, UNDERSTAND THE GAPS, 132 00:04:19,880 --> 00:04:21,960 RESEARCH THE GAPS AND TAKE THE 133 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:23,440 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT PROGRAMS AND 134 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:23,720 POLICIES. 135 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:25,240 WHAT IT IS NOT INTENDED TO DO, 136 00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:27,280 AND I WANT TO MAKE THIS CLEAR, 137 00:04:27,280 --> 00:04:31,520 IS WE'RE NOT INTENDING TO DO 138 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:33,600 PROGRAMS, WE'RE NOT INTENDING TO 139 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:34,840 DEVELOP GUIDELINES OR 140 00:04:34,840 --> 00:04:36,080 RECOMMENDATIONS, THIS PROJECT IS 141 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:38,040 INTENDED TO SUPPORT THOSE 142 00:04:38,040 --> 00:04:44,600 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT 143 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:58,600 DO, NEXT SLIDE. 144 00:04:58,600 --> 00:04:59,800 OKAY, SORRY. 145 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:01,280 I'M LOOKING AT MY SLIDE AND NOT 146 00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:07,040 THE NEXT SLIDE. 147 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:07,240 SORRY. 148 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:07,920 NEXT SLIDE. 149 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:09,680 I JUST BRIEFLY THE BOND PROJECT 150 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:12,080 WAS A PARTNERSHIP THAT STARTED 151 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:15,400 OUT WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE BILL 152 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:17,080 AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND 153 00:05:17,080 --> 00:05:19,120 SEVERAL OFFICES AT NIH INCLUDING 154 00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:20,640 THE OFFICE OF DIETARY 155 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:22,520 SUPPLEMENTS AND THE DIVISION OF 156 00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:23,640 RESEARCH ACCORD NATION WHICH IS 157 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:24,840 NOW THE OFFICE OF NUTRITION 158 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:26,760 RESEARCH AS WELL AS PARTNERS 159 00:05:26,760 --> 00:05:28,720 THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY. 160 00:05:28,720 --> 00:05:31,400 SO IT WAS REALLY INTENDED TO 161 00:05:31,400 --> 00:05:33,640 ENGAGE THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY IN 162 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:36,160 EFFORTS TO HARMONIZE OUR 163 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:38,480 APPROACHES TO DISCOVERY, 164 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:40,320 DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF 165 00:05:40,320 --> 00:05:42,120 METHODOLOGIES TO SUPPORT ALL 166 00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:44,480 ASPECTS OF NUTRITION RESEARCH. 167 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:48,360 WE RECOGNIZE THAT THE NUTRITION 168 00:05:48,360 --> 00:05:49,720 ENTERPRISE INCLUDES MANY 169 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:51,000 DIFFERENT USER GROUPS FROM 170 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,000 CLINICIANS TO PROGRAM 171 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:55,120 DEVELOPMENTS, THOSE DOING 172 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,240 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE TO 173 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:58,760 THE ENABLING COMMUNITY AS WELL 174 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:01,440 AS THOSE MAKING POLICIES, SO ALL 175 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:04,160 OF THOSE FOLKS REALLY NEED 176 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,120 BENEFIT FROM THE AVAILABILITY OF 177 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:08,320 THE BEST THE ASSESSMENT 178 00:06:08,320 --> 00:06:09,640 APPROACHES AND THAT IS WHAT WE 179 00:06:09,640 --> 00:06:14,520 WERE INTENDED TO DO. 180 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:15,280 NEXT SLIDE. 181 00:06:15,280 --> 00:06:17,000 SO THE SECOND PART OF THE 182 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:20,880 EQUATION, WHICH IS KNOWLEDGE 183 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:21,600 INDICATING DIETARY SUFFICIENCY, 184 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:27,120 WE ARE TAKING AN APPROACH THAT 185 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:29,440 IS MORE BROADLY ENCOMPASSING OF 186 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:30,640 ALL FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIETARY 187 00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:31,720 SUFFICIENCY, SO WE'RE NOT 188 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:33,600 LIMITING OUR FOCUS TO WHAT 189 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:37,080 CHILDREN ARE EATING, IT'S NOT 190 00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:39,360 SIMPLY A MATTER OF MEASURING 191 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:41,000 INTAKE, IT'S THAT THE CHILD IS 192 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:43,240 PART OF AN ECOLOGY. 193 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:44,760 I PROVIDED 1 DEFINITION OF AN 194 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:46,320 ECOLOGY, THAT IS INTERACTION OF 195 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:47,440 A COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM, IN 196 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:49,640 THIS CASE, THE CHILD WITH THEIR 197 00:06:49,640 --> 00:06:50,840 ENVIRONMENT AND WHAT WE'RE 198 00:06:50,840 --> 00:06:53,400 FOCUSING ON IN BOTH THE INTERNAL 199 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:54,560 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AS WELL 200 00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:56,320 AS THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, 201 00:06:56,320 --> 00:06:57,920 THERE ARE SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF 202 00:06:57,920 --> 00:06:59,920 THESE ENVIRONMENTS. 203 00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:01,120 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 204 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:03,360 THIS IS A CARTOON REPRESENTING A 205 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:05,040 BROAD VIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT. 206 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:06,920 WE'RE NOT JUST TALKING ABOUT THE 207 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:07,920 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, ALTHOUGH 208 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:10,280 THAT'S VERY MUCH AN IMPORTANT 209 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:12,520 COMPONENT, SO PHYSICAL LAND 210 00:07:12,520 --> 00:07:16,200 RESOURCES INCLUDING THE CLIMATE. 211 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:20,080 BUT ALSO THE HOME/SCHOOL AND 212 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:21,480 COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT, THE 213 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:24,000 BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT AS WELL AS 214 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,800 EDUCATIONAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND 215 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:27,320 DEMOGRAPHIC COMPONENTS. 216 00:07:27,320 --> 00:07:30,960 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 217 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:32,280 DID EMPLOY ANOTHER KEY ECOLOGY 218 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,160 IN THIS ENVIRONMENT IS THE FOOD 219 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:35,400 SYSTEM. 220 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:36,720 OBVIOUSLY THE PART OF THE 221 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:40,040 REASONS FOR THE NEED FOR 222 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:41,200 PROGRAMS FOR--JUST TO SUPPORT 223 00:07:41,200 --> 00:07:43,320 KIDS IN SCHOOL SYSTEM THAT FOOD 224 00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:45,040 SYSTEMS ARE OFTEN IMPACTED BY 225 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:46,960 LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS, THESE 226 00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:48,560 ARE THE CORE ELEMENTS OF THE 227 00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:51,120 FOOD SYSTEM BUT AS WE SAW WITH 228 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:52,720 THE COVID PANDEMIC, THAT FOOD 229 00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:54,040 SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENT CAN 230 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:55,680 REALLY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 231 00:07:55,680 --> 00:07:57,760 ON THE PROGRAMS AND THE NEEDS OF 232 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:00,680 CHILDREN. 233 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:01,120 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 234 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:04,560 SO WHEN YOU PUT THIS ALTOGETHER 235 00:08:04,560 --> 00:08:07,720 WHEN YOU'RE REALLY TRYING TO 236 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:09,920 ASSESS THE DATA TO INDICATE 237 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:10,720 DIETARY SUFFICIENCY, WE HAVE TO 238 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:13,760 RECOGNIZE THAT THIS IS A COMPLEX 239 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:14,840 ECOLOGY. 240 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:15,920 AND IT IS COMPLEX. 241 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:17,600 WE RECOGNIZE THE COMPLEXITY OF 242 00:08:17,600 --> 00:08:17,880 IT. 243 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:19,640 WE'RE NOT DAUNTED BY THE 244 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:20,560 COMPLEXITY OF IT, WHAT WE TRIED 245 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:22,040 TO DO IS PUT TOGETHER A PROCESS 246 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:24,120 THAT WILL ALLOW US TO ADDRESS 247 00:08:24,120 --> 00:08:26,880 THIS IN SORT OF A SYSTEMATIC 248 00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:29,000 APPROACH WITH THE COMPLEXITY OF 249 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:30,600 THE CHILD ECOALING. 250 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:31,280 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 251 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:33,440 SO THAT BRINGS US TO THE BOND 252 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:35,640 KIDS PROJECT. 253 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:36,200 NEXT SLIDE. 254 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:37,520 SO OUR GOALS, WE'RE RECOGNIZING 255 00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:39,840 THIS IS A VERY COMPLEX ISSUE, 256 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:43,320 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A 257 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:45,320 DEVELOPMENTAL RANGE FROM 5-19, 258 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:49,720 WHAT WE'RE NOW REFERRING TO AS 259 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:50,920 THE 7000 DAYS, WE'RE NOT 260 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:57,880 IGNORING THE THOUSAND DAYS BUT 261 00:08:57,880 --> 00:08:59,280 WE'RE RECOGNIZING THOSE 262 00:08:59,280 --> 00:08:59,760 PREDISPOSURES, AND WE'RE 263 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:02,680 FOCUSING ON THE DEVELOPMENT 264 00:09:02,680 --> 00:09:08,560 SPECTRUM FROM 5-19. 265 00:09:08,560 --> 00:09:10,160 THIS OBVIOUSLY--ALL RIGHT, NEXT 266 00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:10,440 SLIDE. 267 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:12,160 SO THE GOAL OF THE PROJECT HERE 268 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:15,360 IS TO RECOGNIZE THIS ECOLOGY, SO 269 00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:19,200 WE'VE ORGANIZED THE PROJECT FROM 270 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:21,480 AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE, 271 00:09:21,480 --> 00:09:23,520 RECOGNIZING CHILD ECOLOGY, WE 272 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:25,720 WILL EXPLORE BOTH THE INTERNAL 273 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:27,120 AND EXTERNAL ECOLOGY, THE GOAL 274 00:09:27,120 --> 00:09:30,320 WILL BE TO PROVIDE, TO DEVELOP 275 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:34,240 IN PHASE 1 WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT 276 00:09:34,240 --> 00:09:35,520 WE DON'T KNOW SO WHAT WE KNOW 277 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:37,400 THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED, 278 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:39,360 TRANSLATED, WHAT WE DON'T KNOW 279 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:41,040 WILL BECOME A RESEARCH AGENDA 280 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:42,120 THAT HOPEFULLY WILL FORM 281 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:43,040 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT 282 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:48,320 ARE INVOLVE INDEED THE RESEARCH 283 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:48,880 ENTERPRISE. 284 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:49,880 PHASE 2 WHICH WE HOPE TO 285 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:51,360 COLLABORATE WITH MANY OF YOU, 286 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:53,360 AND LED BY DON AND HIS GROUP AT 287 00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:55,160 THE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM AT THE 288 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:56,720 LONDON SKILL WILL BE AN EFFORT 289 00:09:56,720 --> 00:09:59,320 TO TRANSLATE AND IMPLEMENT SOME 290 00:09:59,320 --> 00:10:01,360 OF THE FED ON AND THAT 291 00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:03,200 TRANSLATION PROCESS, OBVIOUSLY 292 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:04,800 ALSO INCLUDES A RESEARCH 293 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:07,800 COMPONENT, HOW TO DO THAT KIND 294 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:10,080 OF RESEARCH IN AN EQUITABLE, 295 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:10,920 CONTEXT SPECIFIC WAY IS GOING 296 00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:15,000 TOO BE A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF 297 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:18,320 THE PROJECT AS YOU LEARN FROM 298 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:18,720 WORKING GROUP 4. 299 00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:19,280 NEXT SLIDE. 300 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:24,120 SO THE STRUCTURE OF BOND KIDS 301 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:25,000 WAS--THIS IS REPRESENTED HERE, 302 00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:30,200 WE WANT TO START OUT REORGANIZE 303 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:32,040 A SECRETARIATE AS DREW 304 00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:34,000 MENTIONED, WE HAVE THE TEAM IN 305 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:36,200 PARTNER WITH WITH THE ACADEMY OF 306 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:37,120 NUTRITION AND BIOKINETICS TEAM 307 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:38,400 AND THAT SERVES AS THE 308 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:41,320 SECRETARY, WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR 309 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:43,520 THE NUTS AND BOLTS AND CONDUCT 310 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:44,320 OF THE PROJECT. 311 00:10:44,320 --> 00:10:46,000 WE RECOGNIZE THAT IN THE 312 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:47,160 BEGINNING WE REALLY NEED TO GET 313 00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:48,120 THE INPUT OF THE COMMUNITIES 314 00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:50,960 THAT WE'RE HOPING TO SERVE, SO 315 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:53,720 WE PUT TOGETHER AND CONSITUTED A 316 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:57,040 SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE 317 00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:57,680 WHICH INCLUDED REPRESENTATION 318 00:10:57,680 --> 00:10:58,800 FROM MANY OF THE AGENCIES AND 319 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:00,920 ORGANIZATIONS BOALGT IN THE U.S. 320 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:03,120 AND GLOBALLY INVOLVED IN 321 00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:04,600 PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT TO 322 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:05,440 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN. 323 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:08,680 AND THEN TO ACTUALLY DO THE 324 00:11:08,680 --> 00:11:11,960 PROJECT, WE ORGANIZED 4 WORKING 325 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:15,120 GROUPS. 326 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:15,680 NEXT SLIDE. 327 00:11:15,680 --> 00:11:17,760 THIS CARTOON REP ARE SENTS 328 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:19,640 ECOLOGY AND ALSO REPRESENTS HOW 329 00:11:19,640 --> 00:11:20,960 WE ORGANIZE THE PROJECT. 330 00:11:20,960 --> 00:11:23,080 SO ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE, CAN 331 00:11:23,080 --> 00:11:25,080 YOU SEE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE 332 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:25,920 INTERNAL ECOLOGY, WHICH IS WHAT 333 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,280 YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT FOR THOSE OF 334 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:30,960 THAT YOU WILL STAY ON GROUP 1 335 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:32,680 TODAY, WORKING GROUP 1 WILL 336 00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:34,240 FOCUS ON THAT INTERACTION 337 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:36,880 BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND 338 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:38,360 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS. 339 00:11:38,360 --> 00:11:41,120 OVER THE TOP, JUST OVERLAY THE 340 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:42,600 TOP, THERE'S THE ENVIRONMENT, 341 00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:44,360 THAT'S WORKING GROUP 2, WE 342 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:46,120 RECOGNIZE THESE FACTORS, THESE 343 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:48,320 INTERNAL ECOLOGY IS AFFECTED BY 344 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:50,440 THE EXTERNAL ECOLOGY, SO WORKING 345 00:11:50,440 --> 00:11:52,520 FOR 2 WHICH IS CHAIRED BY 346 00:11:52,520 --> 00:11:54,720 DR. MAUREEN BLACK WILL COVER 347 00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:55,920 THOSE CEREBELLUMS TERNAL FACTORS 348 00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:58,040 AND THE ENVIRONMENT THAT AFFECT 349 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:01,120 THESE FUNCTIONS AND NUTRITIONAL 350 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:01,720 STATUS OF INTEREST. 351 00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:04,240 THAT WILL ALL FEED INTO WORKING 352 00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:05,920 GROUP 3 LED BY 353 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:06,680 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] AT CORNELL 354 00:12:06,680 --> 00:12:09,080 WHICH IS FOCUS ON ASSESSMENT, 355 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:14,640 HOW WE PUT THIS ALTOGETHER IN 356 00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:16,120 SOME USEFUL MANNER TO SUPPORT 357 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:19,160 THESTS ACROSS THE RANGE OF USER 358 00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:20,880 COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN 359 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:21,360 ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN. 360 00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:23,040 SO AGAIN, GOING BACK TO THAT 361 00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:25,680 BOND CONCEPT, OUR GOAL IS TO 362 00:12:25,680 --> 00:12:27,320 SUPPORT CLINICIANS, PEOPLE DOING 363 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:29,400 SURVEILLANCE, PEOPLE RUNNING 364 00:12:29,400 --> 00:12:29,960 PROGRAM, ET CETERA. 365 00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:33,520 AND THEN THE LAST PHASE IS 366 00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:34,240 TRANSLATION IMPLEMENTATION, 367 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:38,720 THAT'S CO CHAIRED BY DON AND 368 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:41,480 CHRISTINA ECONOMS, AT TUFTs 369 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:41,760 UNIVERSITY. 370 00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:43,120 THOSE FOLKS WILL FOCUS ON THOSE 371 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:44,200 FACTORS THAT HAVE TO BE 372 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:47,160 CONSIDERED IN THE TRANSLATION IF 373 00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:48,760 A PATIENT--OF WHATEVER THE 374 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:49,600 RECOMMENDATIONS MAY BE IN 375 00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:50,480 SUPPORT OF THESE PROGRAMS AND 376 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:52,880 OUR GOALS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT 377 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:54,520 OF THESE PROGRAMS - CHILD HEALTH 378 00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:54,920 AND DEVELOPMENT. 379 00:12:54,920 --> 00:12:56,320 SO THAT'S WHEREY WOO ARE. 380 00:12:56,320 --> 00:12:57,680 THAT'S A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF WHAT 381 00:12:57,680 --> 00:12:59,680 WE'RE DOING, AND I'M NOW VERY 382 00:12:59,680 --> 00:13:00,920 PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO TURN THIS 383 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:08,000 OVER TO OUR CHAIR FOR TODAY 384 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:09,400 DR. DARYL BUNDY. 385 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:09,880 THANK YOU. 386 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:10,680 >> GREAT INTRODUCTION, GREAT 387 00:13:10,680 --> 00:13:12,600 START FOR US ALL. 388 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:14,480 WELCOME TO EVERYONE WHOSE TUNED 389 00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:16,520 IN ON THIS CONVERSATION. 390 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:18,760 SO I'M DON BUNDY AND I'M FROM 391 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:21,120 THE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM FOR 392 00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:23,720 SCHOOL HEALTH AND YOU HAD 393 00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:25,080 TRICIAN, A GLOBAL CONSORTIUM OF 394 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:28,360 COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE WITH THE 395 00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:30,720 SECRETARY TARUATE OF THE LONDON 396 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:32,880 SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND MEDICINE. 397 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:34,920 AND THE CONSORTIUM'S ROLE IS TO 398 00:13:34,920 --> 00:13:35,720 HELP CREATE AN INDEPENDENT 399 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:38,720 EVIDENCE BASE TO SUPPORT THE 60 400 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:40,600 COUNTRY, 60 + COUNTRIES OF THE 401 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:41,760 SCHOOL MEALS COALITION TO 402 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:44,280 SUPPORT THEM IN RECOVERING FROM 403 00:13:44,280 --> 00:13:46,720 THE PANDEMIC AND DEVELOPING 404 00:13:46,720 --> 00:13:47,880 STRONGER NATIONAL PROGRAMS, 405 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:49,920 PARTICULARLY AROUND SCHOOL MEALS 406 00:13:49,920 --> 00:13:53,120 AND COMPLIMENTARY HEALTH 407 00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:53,920 SERVICES. 408 00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:55,120 HENCE OUR ENGAGEMENT IN BOND 409 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:55,480 KIDS. 410 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:58,000 AS YOU HEARD FROM DAN, THERE'S 411 00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:00,520 GOING TO BE A WORKSHOP HELD 412 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:02,600 TODAY AFTER THIS SESSION, AND 413 00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:03,920 AGAIN, EVERY SUPERDOME FOR THE 414 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:06,400 REST OF THE MONTH OF MARCH AND I 415 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:08,160 HOPE YOU WILL TUNE INTO THOSE, 416 00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:09,840 BUT TO START THE PROCESS, WE 417 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:11,280 THOUGHT IT WOULD BE VERY 418 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,120 IMPORTANT TO HEAR FROM SOME OF 419 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:16,120 THE KEY AGENCIES THAT COMPRISE 420 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:17,640 THE STEERING COMMITTEE FOR BOND 421 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:21,400 KIDS, IN FACT, WE HAVE 7 422 00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:24,600 AGENCIES REPRESENTED TODAY AND 7 423 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:25,840 REMARKABLE PEOPLE TALKING ON 424 00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:26,360 BEHALF OF THEM. 425 00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:29,000 AND WE'RE GOING TO BRIEFLY HEAR 426 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:31,520 FROM THEM, ABOUT THEIR CURRENT 427 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:32,640 APPROACHES TO ASSESSING 2 428 00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:36,720 THINGS, FIRST, THE NEED FOR 429 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:38,240 PROGRAMS DURING THE NEXT 7000 430 00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:41,120 DAYS OF LIFE, DURING SCHOOL AGE 431 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:41,480 AND ADOLESCENCE. 432 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:45,200 THE NEED FOR THOSE PROGRAMS AND 433 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:47,320 SECONDLY, HOW NUTRITIONAL 434 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:49,120 INPUT--SORRY NUTRITIONAL IMPACT 435 00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:52,640 IS CURRENTLY ASSESSED IN THOSE 436 00:14:52,640 --> 00:14:52,920 PROGRAMS. 437 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:55,120 SO WE'VE GOT AS I SAY, 7 GREAT 438 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:58,120 SPEAKERS, AND WE'RE GOING TO 439 00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:01,200 START WITH DIANE DEBERNARDO, 440 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:03,800 SPEAKING FROM HER POSITION AT 441 00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:04,000 USDA. 442 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:05,880 DIANE, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO 443 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:07,560 KICKOFF AND JUST BRIEFLY 444 00:15:07,560 --> 00:15:08,000 INTRODUCE YOURSELF. 445 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:09,080 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 446 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:09,680 >> THANK YOU DON. 447 00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:12,800 SO MY NAME IS DIANE DEBERNARD 448 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:16,000 AND I'M A FOOD SECURITY AND 449 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,440 NUTRITION ADVISOR IN THE USDA'S 450 00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:19,360 FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE AND 451 00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:21,040 THEIR OFFICE OF FLOABAL PROGRAMS 452 00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:23,680 AND SPECIFICALLY IN THE 453 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:25,920 INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE 454 00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:26,200 DIVISION. 455 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:28,520 AND SHOULD WE PUT SLIDES UP AT 456 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:29,080 THIS POINT? 457 00:15:29,080 --> 00:15:32,840 I CAN START INTRODUCING A BIT 458 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:33,880 MORE WITH THAT. 459 00:15:33,880 --> 00:15:36,480 SO THE FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL 460 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:40,200 SERVICE IS ACTUALLY A TRADE 461 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:43,120 AGENCY AND WE HAVE A MISSION 462 00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:46,560 THAT PRIMARILY INVOLVES 463 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:48,400 PROMOTING AGRICULTURE TRADE, 464 00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:50,040 EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, DEVELOPING 465 00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:52,440 AND IMPLEMENTING TRADE POLICY, 466 00:15:52,440 --> 00:15:56,120 WE ALSO HAVE A--HAVE AN OFFICE 467 00:15:56,120 --> 00:15:57,520 THAT ANALYZES FOOD COMMODITIES 468 00:15:57,520 --> 00:15:59,320 AND THAT ANALYSIS COMES OUT ONCE 469 00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:02,160 A MONTH AND IT ACTUALLY DRIVES 470 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:04,240 THE GLOBAL COMMODITIES MARKET 471 00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:05,760 ANALYSIS, SO IT'S CRUCIAL TO 472 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:07,440 THAT COMPONENT OF GLOBE AT FOOD 473 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:10,520 SECURITY, AND THEN WE HAVE 1 474 00:16:10,520 --> 00:16:13,880 OFFICE THAT IS MY OFFICE THAT 475 00:16:13,880 --> 00:16:14,480 HANDLES INTERNATIONAL 476 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:17,280 DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER GLOBAL 477 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:18,840 PROGRAMS THAT PROMOTE OTHER 478 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:20,560 COUNTRIES CAPACITY TO ENGAGE IN 479 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:24,560 TRADE AND WITHIN THAT, WE HAVE 2 480 00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:26,520 BIG INTERNATIONAL FOOD 481 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:28,640 ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS. 482 00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:31,040 ONE OF WHICH IS Mc GOVERN 483 00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:31,920 GOAL, INTERNATIONAL FOOD 484 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:33,120 EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION 485 00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:33,360 PROGRAM. 486 00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:34,720 DON IS THIS THE POINT WHERE I 487 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:47,040 SHOULD HAVE SLIDES OR IS THAT 488 00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:48,360 COMING UP? 489 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:50,240 SO, DIANE ARE YOU SHARING THEM 490 00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:53,720 OR I ARE WE SHARING THEM? 491 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:54,640 >> APOLIPOPROTEIN SORRY, I'M NOT 492 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:56,160 USUALLY USED TO DO THIS, I HAD 493 00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:57,360 SOMETHING EARLIER THIS MORNING. 494 00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:59,960 >> OKAY, I CAN GO AHEAD AND PULL 495 00:16:59,960 --> 00:17:03,720 UP--I THINK WE'RE GOING TO SHARE 496 00:17:03,720 --> 00:17:04,520 THEM. 497 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:04,920 >> THERE YOU GO. 498 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:06,160 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 499 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:09,120 >> YEAH, SORRY ABOUT THAT 500 00:17:09,120 --> 00:17:09,680 EVERYONE. 501 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:12,000 THEY'RE ACTUALLY PRETTY BRIEF 502 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:16,240 SLIDES, AND MORE PROMPTS AND I 503 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:17,400 CAN TALK ABOUT THEM PRETTY 504 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:17,720 EASILY. 505 00:17:17,720 --> 00:17:22,920 AND THE NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 506 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:24,400 >> OKAY, SO THIS IS JUST WHAT I 507 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:26,360 WENT OVER AND SHOWING THE MAJOR 508 00:17:26,360 --> 00:17:28,200 MISSIONS OF THE FOREIGN 509 00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:28,960 AGRICULTURAL SERVICE AND ALSO 510 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:31,120 JUST TO MENTION, WE HAVE OUR OWN 511 00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:33,800 FOREIGN SERVICE. 512 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:35,960 THOSE ARE AGRICULTURE ATASH AS 513 00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:37,480 BASED IN DIFFERENT AGENCIES 514 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:39,800 AROUND THE WORLD, SOME HAVE 515 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:41,120 SINGLE COUNTRY COVERAGE AND 516 00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:43,080 OTHERS HAVE REGIONAL COVERAGE. 517 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:45,360 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 518 00:17:45,360 --> 00:17:46,520 SO, OUR PROGRAM, THE 519 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:48,760 INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION 520 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:49,960 AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM IS 521 00:17:49,960 --> 00:17:52,240 ACTUALLY THE FORMAL NAME WE JUST 522 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:54,280 CALL IT Mc GOVERN GOAL FOR 523 00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:55,520 SHATTER WAS STARTED 20 YEARS 524 00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:59,600 AGO, THIS WAS OUR 20th 525 00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:01,120 ANNIVERSARY THERE YEAR, BY 526 00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:03,280 SENATORS Mc GOVERN AND DOLE, 527 00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:05,800 THUS THE NAME AND ENJOYS BROAD 528 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:07,120 BI PARTISAN SUPPORT TO THIS DAY. 529 00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:10,040 IT'S A VERY POPULAR PROGRAM IN 530 00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:10,840 CONGRESS. 531 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:11,880 IT'S A COMMODITIES DRIVEN 532 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:14,640 PROGRAM, AS YOU WILL LEARN LATER 533 00:18:14,640 --> 00:18:16,040 AND IT'S THROUGH THE FARM BILL 534 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:18,520 SO IT HAS A DIFFERENT FUNDING 535 00:18:18,520 --> 00:18:20,320 STREAM FROM A LOT OF OTHER 536 00:18:20,320 --> 00:18:22,440 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 537 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:23,320 PROGRAMS. 538 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:24,680 WE ALSO HAVE OTHER PROGRAMS THAT 539 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:27,160 SOMETIMES ENGAGE IN NUTRITION. 540 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:29,120 AND THOSE INCLUDE OUR FELLOWSHIP 541 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:30,920 PROGRAMS WHICH WE'VE LISTED 542 00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:31,120 HERE. 543 00:18:31,120 --> 00:18:33,000 ONCE IN A WHILE, YOU WILL SEE 544 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:35,240 THEM VERY SPECIFICALLY ENGAGE IN 545 00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:36,760 NUTRITION, BUT THEY ALWAYS 546 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:38,720 PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY WHICH 547 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,240 INDIRECTLY SUPPORTS NUTRITION AS 548 00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:43,320 WELL. 549 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:46,040 OUR OTHER INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID 550 00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:48,240 PROGRAM IS FOOD FOR PROGRESS AND 551 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:49,160 THAT DEVELOPS AGRICULTURE VALUE 552 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:50,840 CHAINS AND MARKET SYSTEMS. 553 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:52,240 AND THEN FINALLY, ASSOCIATED 554 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:54,320 WITH Mc GOVERN GOAL IS OUR 555 00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:55,400 LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD 556 00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:56,360 PROCUREMENT PROGRAM AND I WILL 557 00:18:56,360 --> 00:18:57,520 DISCUSS THAT MORE IN A FEW 558 00:18:57,520 --> 00:18:57,920 SLIDES. 559 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:02,680 IN ACCIDENT SLIDE, PLEASE. 560 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:05,600 SO I JUST MENTIONED A FEW OF 561 00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:06,320 THESE THINGS ALREADY. 562 00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:07,360 SO Mc GOVERN DOLE HAS 2 563 00:19:07,360 --> 00:19:11,840 OBJECTIVES AND I WOULD SAY 1 564 00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:12,960 SUBOBJECTIVE AND PRIMARILY, IT 565 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:14,920 IS TO IMPROVE LITERACY AND 566 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:16,880 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND 1 OF 567 00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:19,200 THE CRITERION IS THAT IT'S MEANT 568 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:21,640 TO TARGET COUNTRIES THAT ARE ARE 569 00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:27,120 STRUGGLING WITH SCALING UP AND 570 00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:29,120 JUST CREATING QUALITY PRIMARY 571 00:19:29,120 --> 00:19:32,480 SCHOOL PROGRAMS, THEN THE NEXT 572 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:34,760 OBJECTIVE IS REALLY TO DECREASE 573 00:19:34,760 --> 00:19:37,920 HUNGER AND IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY 574 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:39,760 AND OUR STATE OBJECTIVE IS TO 575 00:19:39,760 --> 00:19:41,760 INCREASE THE USE OF HEALTH 576 00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:42,840 NUTRITION AND DIETARY PRACTICES 577 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:44,360 ISSUES I WILL ALSO GO INTO THAT 578 00:19:44,360 --> 00:19:47,120 A BIT MORE LATER AND THEN 579 00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:49,880 FINALLY WE ALSO ARE VERY 580 00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,040 INTERESTED IN A COUNTRY'S 581 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:53,040 ABILITY TO EVENTUALLY GRADUATE 582 00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:53,880 FROM OUR PROGRAMS, IT'S NOT 583 00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:55,280 MEANT TO BE A PROGRAM FOR THE 584 00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:57,120 SAKE OF IT, THE FUNDING CYCLES 585 00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:00,720 WILL OFTEN GO ON, LIKE THEY'RE 586 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:02,040 USUALLY 3-5 YEAR PROGRAMS AND WE 587 00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:04,160 MAY HAVE 3 OR 4 FUNDING CYCLES 588 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:08,640 IN A ROW BUT EVENTUALLY THE 589 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:10,120 COUNTRY NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO TAKE 590 00:20:10,120 --> 00:20:13,080 OVER THE PROGRAM AND WE EVALUATE 591 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:17,080 THAT BY THEIR TERMS OF 592 00:20:17,080 --> 00:20:17,760 FINANCING, POLITICAL COMMITMENT, 593 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:19,000 POLICIES AND OTHER THINGS. 594 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:20,800 OUR ANNUAL BUDGET IS 595 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:21,560 $220 MILLION EVERY YEAR, WE'VE 596 00:20:21,560 --> 00:20:23,200 SEEN IT GO UP A BIT MORE IN THE 597 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:24,920 LAST YEAR, I HOPE TO SEE THAT 598 00:20:24,920 --> 00:20:27,720 TREND CONTINUE WITH OUR 599 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:28,120 INFLATION ISSUES. 600 00:20:28,120 --> 00:20:31,240 EACH YEAR WE HAVE 8-10 MULTIYEAR 601 00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:32,120 AWARDS. 602 00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:33,520 AGAIN THEY'RE 3-5 YEAR LONG 603 00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:38,720 PROGRAMS AND THEN IF FISCAL YEAR 604 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:43,960 2021, WE SENT OVER 50,000, 605 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:46,080 ALMOST 51,000 METRIC TONS OF 606 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:47,520 U.S. COMMODITIES AND THE WAY 607 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:50,400 THAT WORKS IS THE SCHOOL MEAL 608 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:51,560 THAT THE CHILDREN RECEIVE EACH 609 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:53,680 DAY IS A COMBINATION OF U.S. 610 00:20:53,680 --> 00:20:55,960 DONATED COMMODITIES THAT WE SHIP 611 00:20:55,960 --> 00:20:58,520 OVER AND ALSO LOCALLY SOURCED 612 00:20:58,520 --> 00:21:00,240 PRODUCTS AND I WILL GO INTO THAT 613 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:03,400 IN A FEW MINUTES. 614 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:04,960 >> SO DIANE,--DIANE, I WONDER IF 615 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:06,960 WE CAN START TO WIND UP, MAYBE 616 00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:09,720 WE CAN COME BACK TO SOME OF THE 617 00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:12,560 ISSUES IN THE Q&A LATER ON. 618 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:12,880 >> SURE. 619 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:15,320 SO, I THINK I WILL WIND UP BY 620 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:17,880 SAYING THAT BOND KIDS WILL BE 621 00:21:17,880 --> 00:21:19,360 VERY VALUABLE BECAUSE CURRENTLY, 622 00:21:19,360 --> 00:21:22,320 WE DON'T HAVE A WAY TO MEASURE 623 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:25,280 THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF OUR 624 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:28,880 TARGET POPULATION WHICH IS 625 00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:32,760 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN, MAINLY 626 00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:34,280 AGES 5-12, MIDDLE CHILDHOOD, WE 627 00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:35,920 DON'T KNOW WHAT THEIR 628 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:37,160 NUTRITIONAL STATUS IS AND 629 00:21:37,160 --> 00:21:39,240 WHETHER THE RATION THEY RECEIVE 630 00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:40,520 EACH DAY HAS A IMPACT ON THE 631 00:21:40,520 --> 00:21:41,120 NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND WHETHER 632 00:21:41,120 --> 00:21:42,400 THERE ARE THINGS WE MIGHT WANT 633 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:43,520 TO CHANGE BASED ON KNOWLEDGE 634 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:47,560 LIKE THAT, SO THIS WILL GREATLY 635 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:48,840 HELP US IN REPLANNING OUR 636 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:49,760 PROGRAM AND MEASURING IMPACT AND 637 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:54,240 I GUESS I WILL WRAP IT UP THERE. 638 00:21:54,240 --> 00:21:56,320 >> SUPER THANK YOU VERY MUCH 639 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:56,520 DIANE. 640 00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:58,400 DIANE WAS VERY KEY IN THE ROLL 641 00:21:58,400 --> 00:21:59,560 OUT OF BOND-KIDS REALLY, DIDN'T 642 00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:01,000 WANT TO CUT YOU OFF THERE BUT 643 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:02,440 ALSO WANT TO MAKE SURE WE HAVE 644 00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:04,360 SPACE FOR ALL OF THE PRESENTERS. 645 00:22:04,360 --> 00:22:13,400 SO WE'LL MOVE ON NOW TO 646 00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:14,440 DEEPIKA SHARMA FROM UNICEF, WHO 647 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:16,280 WILL ADDRESS THE SAME QUESTIONS 648 00:22:16,280 --> 00:22:17,360 ABOUT NEED AND IMPACT 649 00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:22,280 MEASUREMENT FROM THE UNICEF 650 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:22,520 FACTOR. 651 00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:22,920 >> THANKS, DON. 652 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:25,000 SO JUST TO START WITH, I WILL 653 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:30,080 INTREEFLY INTRODUCE MYSELF, I AM 654 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:32,760 DEEPIKA, SHARMA, I AM WITH THE 655 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:33,680 PROGRAM UNICFETAL COMPARTMENTA 656 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:34,320 THE HEADQUARTERS IN NEW YORK AND 657 00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:39,160 I'M THE TECH IN IICAL FOCAL 658 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:42,000 POINT FOR UNICEF'S PROGRAM FOR 659 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:42,720 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. 660 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:44,640 SO FIRST I WILL BRIEF YOU ABOUT 661 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:49,520 OUR PROGRAMMING APPROACH,, 662 00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:49,920 UNICEF'S PROGRAM. 663 00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:52,960 BECAUSE YOU MAY KNOW THAT 664 00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:55,960 UNICEF'S BEEN WORKING ON UNDER 5 665 00:22:55,960 --> 00:22:57,360 AND SOMETIMES ON MENTAL 666 00:22:57,360 --> 00:22:59,400 NUTRITION BUT SINCE THE LAST FEW 667 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:01,200 YEARS WE HAVE VENTURED IN THE 668 00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:02,760 AREA OF SUPPORTING GFULTS AND 669 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:05,160 PARTNERS ON NUTRITION OF SCHOOL 670 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:07,920 AGE CHILDREN AND THE ENTIRE AGE 671 00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:09,640 RANGE OF 5-19 YEARS. 672 00:23:09,640 --> 00:23:12,600 SO THE PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO 673 00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:14,600 PREVENT--WE FOCUS ON PREVENTING 674 00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:16,200 ALL FORMS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG 675 00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:17,600 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND WE 676 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:20,080 EMPHASIZE ON 3 CRITICAL ELEMENTS 677 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:21,680 TO INSURE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT 678 00:23:21,680 --> 00:23:24,600 AND OVERALL WELL BEING IN THIS 679 00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:27,400 AGE GROUP, WHICH IS THE NEED TO 680 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:29,680 SUPPORT NUTRITION AND SAFE 681 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:31,040 DIETS, INSURE ESSENTIAL SERVICES 682 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:33,040 AND PROMOTE POSITIVE NUTRITION 683 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:36,560 PRACTICES, AMONG SCHOOL AGED 684 00:23:36,560 --> 00:23:38,920 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. 685 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,320 AND THESE ELEMENTS ARE EMBEDDED 686 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:42,400 INTO 5 PROGRAMMATIC VARIETIES 687 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:47,600 THAT THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES 688 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:48,520 IMPLEMENT. 689 00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:52,320 THE FIRST PROGRAM FOCUSES ON 690 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:53,800 NUTRITION AND SAFE SCHOOL MEALS 691 00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:55,880 WHICH IS USE OF FORTIFIED 692 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:59,360 SCHOOLS, ESPECIALLY IN SETTINGS 693 00:23:59,360 --> 00:24:01,920 WHERE MACRONUCLEOTIDES T-REGENT 694 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:04,880 DISCIPLINARY 695 00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:05,480 DISCIPLINARY--DEFICIENCIES ARE 696 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:07,560 THERE, AND OTHER CONTEXT 697 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,280 RELEVANT FORMS, OF LARGE SCALE 698 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:11,080 FORTIFICATION. 699 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:12,280 OUR SECOND PRIORITY FOCUSES ON 700 00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:13,920 IMPROVING THE SCHOOL FOOD 701 00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:15,040 ENVIRONMENTS AND,A ROUND THE 702 00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:16,520 SCHOOL BECAUSE CHILDREN SPEND A 703 00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:17,920 SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF TIME IN 704 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:23,400 SCHOOL AND THEY ARE EXPOSED TO 705 00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:24,520 BASIC FOOD ENVIRONMENT. 706 00:24:24,520 --> 00:24:26,280 SCHOOL FOOD ENVIRONMENT. 707 00:24:26,280 --> 00:24:28,240 THE THIRD GUIDE FOR US FOCUSES 708 00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:32,200 ON PREVENTION OF MICRONUTRIENT 709 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:37,920 DEFICIENCIES, ESPECIALLY ESPECIALLY ANEM E 710 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:39,800 JAMILA AND [INDISCERNIBLE]. 711 00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:41,720 THE FOURTH PROGRAM ABJECTIVE AS 712 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:44,040 BEEN ARTICULATED ON THE BASIS 713 00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:45,320 AROUND SCHOOL BASED FOOD AND 714 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:47,080 NUTRITION EDUCATION, SO ALL THE 715 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:48,600 EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE NUTRITION 716 00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:52,160 EDUCATION AND TO THE SCHOOL 717 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:55,120 CURRICULA ARE ADMIT INDEED THIS 718 00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:55,800 PRIORITY. 719 00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:56,640 ANOTHER PRIORITY, THE FIFTH 720 00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:58,480 PRIORITY IS INCLUSION OF LARGE 721 00:24:58,480 --> 00:24:59,920 SCALE SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL CHANGE 722 00:24:59,920 --> 00:25:02,440 COMMUNICATION TO PROMOTE GOOD 723 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:04,400 DIET, LEAD TO PRACTICES AND 724 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:05,560 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ACTIVE 725 00:25:05,560 --> 00:25:10,320 LIFESTYLES AMONG THIS AGE GROUP, 726 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:12,360 THE FAMILIES, PARENTS AND THE 727 00:25:12,360 --> 00:25:13,000 COMMUNITIES. 728 00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:15,000 AND TO TRACK THESE 5 PRIORITIES 729 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:16,880 AND INFORM OUR PROGRAMMATIC 730 00:25:16,880 --> 00:25:20,480 EFFORTS ACROSS COUNTRIES WE 731 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:21,400 ESTABLISHED NUTRI-DASH, IT'S FOR 732 00:25:21,400 --> 00:25:22,960 US WE STARTED IN TWEBT 13 BUT AT 733 00:25:22,960 --> 00:25:25,840 THAT POINT IN TIME, WHEN WE 734 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,800 STARTED IT INCLUDED INFORMATION 735 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,560 ON PROGRAMS THAT FOCUS ON UNDER 736 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:34,720 5S AND MANAGEMENT OF ACCURATE 737 00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:39,600 MALNUTRITION, BUT OVER THE YEARS 738 00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:44,000 WE EXPANDED NUTRI-DASH IT IS AN 739 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:45,200 AND MONITORs PROGRESS ON 740 00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:47,400 NUTRITION COVERAGE AND SUPPORTS 741 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:54,440 FOR US AND PLANNING SUPPLIES TO 742 00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:54,920 FORECASTINGS. 743 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:56,880 AS MENTIONED IT'S BEEN THERE 744 00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:59,640 SINCE 2013, WE INCLUDE A SCHOOL 745 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:01,360 MODULTIMATELY ONLY 4 YEARS AGO 746 00:26:01,360 --> 00:26:03,520 AND THIS MODULE BASICALLY HELPS 747 00:26:03,520 --> 00:26:07,920 US TO COLLECT INFORMATION UNDER 748 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:08,920 THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND 749 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:10,200 DIGS DEEPER INTO THE EXISTING 750 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:13,320 POLICIES THAT THE COUNTRIES 751 00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:15,920 MAYBE HAVING TO PREVENT ALL 752 00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:17,160 FORMS OF MALNUTRITION, THE 753 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:18,160 NATIONAL POLICIES AND IT IS 754 00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:20,600 MOSTLY THE RESPONSES ARE FROM 755 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:24,440 THE NATIONAL LEVEL; THEN WE ALSO 756 00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:25,480 INCLUDE QUESTIONS ON COVERAGE, 757 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:27,720 COVERAGE AS IN NUMBERS AND IF 758 00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:29,960 THE COUNTRY IS FOCUSING ON SOME 759 00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:31,160 SUPPLY BASED INTERVENTIONS LIKE 760 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:37,120 FOR INSTANCE, IF THE COUNTRY IS 761 00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:38,080 IMPLEMENTING, FOLIC ACID 762 00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:39,800 SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS AND THE 763 00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:47,000 SUNTRY NEEDS SUPPLIES IF FOLIC 764 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:47,480 ACID. 765 00:26:47,480 --> 00:26:48,720 THAT INFORMATION IS GATHERED AND 766 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:52,320 THEN WE LINK THIS INFORMATION TO 767 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:54,600 OUR SUPPLY DIVISION. 768 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:58,280 AND OVER THE TIME IN THE LAST 4 769 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:00,160 YEARS, THE DATA INFORMATION THAT 770 00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,440 WE GATHER FROM NUTRI-DASH, 771 00:27:02,440 --> 00:27:03,920 BECAUSE IT'S ANNUAL REPORTING OF 772 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:05,280 THE COUNTRIES, TOO, THIS 773 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:06,920 INFORMATION HAS REALLY BECOME 774 00:27:06,920 --> 00:27:11,080 CRITICAL FOR US IN REPORTING NOT 775 00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:12,320 ONLY ON UNICEF'S INSTITUTIONAL 776 00:27:12,320 --> 00:27:14,480 TARGETS OR CONTRIBUTIONS, BUT 777 00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:17,920 ALSO WE CONTRIBUTE TO CERTAIN 778 00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:18,760 GLOBAL INITIATIVES AND IT IS 779 00:27:18,760 --> 00:27:22,400 BECOME KIND OF A KEY REFERENCE 780 00:27:22,400 --> 00:27:27,320 FOR NUTRITION PROGRAM IN UNICEF 781 00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:28,040 AND BEYOND. 782 00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:29,520 OUR COUNTRY OFFICES AND AT THE 783 00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:34,600 GLOBAL LEVEL, USE THIS 784 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:35,760 INFORMATION TO ADVOCATE, TRACK 785 00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:37,720 PROGRESS AND ALSO TO MAKE ANY 786 00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:40,800 NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT IN 787 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:41,200 PROGRAMS. 788 00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:42,640 SO THIS MODULE, I WILL PASTE THE 789 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:48,520 LINK IN THE CHAT BOX SOON AND 1 790 00:27:48,520 --> 00:27:51,400 THING THAT'S VERY--THE UNIQUE 791 00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:52,720 FEATURE OF NUTRI-DASH IS THAT IT 792 00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:55,320 CAN BE FILLED OUT BY GOVERNMENT, 793 00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:57,920 GOVERNMENTS AND PARTNERS ALSO. 794 00:27:57,920 --> 00:27:59,880 AND THERE ARE DIFFERENT SET OF 795 00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:02,920 LEVELS OF USERS AND DATA 796 00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:06,320 COLLECTORS, DATA USERS, AND AS I 797 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:09,040 MENTIONED IT COVERS BOTH UNICEF 798 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:12,520 AS WELL AS NONUNICEF 799 00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:14,280 INTERVENTION, SO OVER OVERALL 800 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:15,240 FOR US INTERNALLY TO TRACK 801 00:28:15,240 --> 00:28:17,720 PROGRESS AND TO MONITOR OUR 802 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:18,480 PROGRAMMATIC EFFORTS AND COURSE 803 00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:21,280 CORRECTION, THIS HAS BECOME A 804 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:23,080 VERY IMPORTANT TOOL. 805 00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:23,320 IT ISN'T-- 806 00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:24,320 >> SORRY TO INTERRUPT YOU BUT 807 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:26,560 CAN I ASK YOU TO WRAP? 808 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:27,680 >> I AM DONE. 809 00:28:27,680 --> 00:28:29,120 THANKS DON. 810 00:28:29,120 --> 00:28:29,360 I'M DONE. 811 00:28:29,360 --> 00:28:29,960 , OKAY. 812 00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:31,080 >> YEAH, I'M DONE, I JUPT THED 813 00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:36,000 TO MENTION THAT I WILL BE 814 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:36,840 PASTING THE LINK. 815 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:39,600 SO THE LINKS CAN PLAY AROUND 816 00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:40,960 WITH NUTRI-DASH. 817 00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:41,400 >> THAT'S SUPER. 818 00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:42,800 THE PROBLEM IS WE'VE JUST GOT SO 819 00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:44,240 MUCH INTEREST IN THIS TOPIC THAT 820 00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:46,400 IT'S JUST SO GREAT TO HEAR HEAR 821 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:48,480 ALL THESE TALES AND WE WILL MOVE 822 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:52,320 ON NOW, SO THANK YOU DEEPIKA 823 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:53,160 FROM UNICEF, NONAPOPTOTIC YOU 824 00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:54,560 MOVING ON TO THE WORLD FOOD 825 00:28:54,560 --> 00:28:59,720 PROGRAM TO HEAR FROM CARMEN 826 00:28:59,720 --> 00:29:01,960 BURBANO, CARMEN IF YOU COULD 827 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:02,160 SPEAK. 828 00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:05,560 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DON. 829 00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:07,320 INTRODUCING MYSELF, CARMEN 830 00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:08,680 BURBANO, I'M WITH THE SCHOOL 831 00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:09,840 BASED DIVISION PROGRAM, AND FOR 832 00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:12,120 THOSE THAT DON'T BEEN WFP, I 833 00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:14,960 WILL SAY WE WORK VERY CLOSELY 834 00:29:14,960 --> 00:29:16,440 WITH UNICEF ISSUES WITH THE 835 00:29:16,440 --> 00:29:17,960 OTHER AGENCIES HERE PRESENT AND 836 00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:20,280 OUR AREA OF SPECIALTY FOR THE 837 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,520 LAST 5 DECADES HAS BEEN SCHOOL 838 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:25,160 MEALS AND NOW MORE BROADLY THE 839 00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:26,680 ISSUE OF SCHOOL HEALTH AND 840 00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:27,520 NUTRITION, SO WHAT I'M GOING TO 841 00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:30,000 DO IS I WILL SHARE MY SCREEN 842 00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:33,200 STRAIGHT THROUGH, DON, SO WE CAN 843 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:34,720 GET GOING. 844 00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,560 CAN YOU TELL ME IF YOU SEE MY 845 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:39,120 SCREEN. 846 00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:40,000 >> YEAH, THAT'S GOOD. 847 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:40,360 >> ALL RIGHT. 848 00:29:40,360 --> 00:29:43,400 SO THE FIRST THING I WANTED TO 849 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:44,600 SHARE WITH ALL OF YOU IS THAT 850 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:47,000 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SCHOOL MEALS 851 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:49,120 AND ESSENTIALLY PROVIDING FOOD 852 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:50,720 TO CHILDREN IN SCHOOL, WHILE 853 00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:52,120 THEY'RE IN SCHOOL, THESE CAN BE 854 00:29:52,120 --> 00:29:53,320 BREAKFAST OR LUNCH OR SNACKS OR 855 00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:56,160 ALL OF THE ABOVE, THE SCALE OF 856 00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:57,920 THIS INTERVENTION IS MASSIVE, 857 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,160 THE LAST MEASUREMENT THAT WE HAD 858 00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:02,520 BEFORE THE PANDEMIC INDICATE 859 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:03,600 THAD 388 MILLION CHILDREN AROUND 860 00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:05,840 THE WORLD WERE RECEIVING MEALS 861 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:06,120 IN SCHOOLS. 862 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:08,080 AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THIS MAP, IT 863 00:30:08,080 --> 00:30:11,040 REALLY IS ACROSS INCOME GROUPS, 864 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:13,240 AND IT BAIRVEGLY INCLUDES ALMOST 865 00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:14,320 EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. 866 00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:15,640 SO BEFORE THE PANDEMIC, THIS 867 00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:18,120 REALLY WAS THE LARGEST SAFETY 868 00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:19,720 NET AVAILABLE THAT WAS 869 00:30:19,720 --> 00:30:21,640 SUPPORTING CHILDREN AND THEIR 870 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:22,880 FAMILIES NOT JUST IN SCHOOL BUT 871 00:30:22,880 --> 00:30:25,680 A SAFETY NET THAT WAS ALSO 872 00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:26,640 TRANSFERRING IMPORTANT RESOURCES 873 00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:28,360 TO VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND 874 00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:28,640 FAMILIES. 875 00:30:28,640 --> 00:30:29,680 NOW, 1 OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE 876 00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:31,320 SEEN OVER THE LAST 2 YEARS OF 877 00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:33,960 COURSE, IS THAT WITH SCHOOL 878 00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:35,560 CLOSURES, THIS PROGRAM 879 00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:37,440 ESSENTIALLY GROUND TO A HALT. 880 00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:39,200 IN MAY OF 2020, YOU MAY MIGHT 881 00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:41,040 HAVE SEEN BECAUSE IT WAS IN THE 882 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:44,280 NEWS QUITE A LOT ABOUT 883 00:30:44,280 --> 00:30:45,680 370 MILLION CHILDREN LOST ACCESS 884 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:47,200 TO THOSE MEALS FROM OUR 885 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:47,640 CALCULATIONS. 886 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:49,360 WE'VE BEEN TRACKING WHAT HAS THE 887 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:51,320 EVOLUTION BEEN OVER THE LAST 888 00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:52,280 COUPLE OF YEARS. 889 00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:54,320 AND THIS FIGURE HAS NOW GONE 890 00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:57,080 DOWN BUT IT HASN'T GONE DOWN TO 891 00:30:57,080 --> 00:30:58,640 LEVELS BEFORE THE PANDEMIC. 892 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:01,680 WE'RE STILL MISSING AROUND 893 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:02,320 150 MILLION KIDS, PARTICULARLY 894 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:04,200 BECAUSE THEY ARE STILL IN 895 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:07,080 COUNTRIES THAT HAVE PARTIALLY OR 896 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:08,800 OPEN THEIR SCHOOLS OR HAVE NOT 897 00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:09,880 OPENED THEIR SCHOOLS AT ALL. 898 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:11,720 SO WE STILL HAVE SOME WAY TO GO 899 00:31:11,720 --> 00:31:13,080 AND OF COURSE, PART OF THE 900 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:15,800 NARRATIVE OF THE LAST FEW YEARS 901 00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:18,680 IS THAT WE REALLY NEED TO WORK 902 00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:21,640 TO ADDRESS THIS SITUATION. 903 00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:24,080 LAST YEAR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 904 00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:27,160 FOOD SYSTEM SUMMIT, GOVERNMENTS 905 00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:28,320 GOT TOGETHER AND LAUNCHED WHAT 906 00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:30,840 IS NOW THE SCHOOL MEALS 907 00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:31,320 COALITION. 908 00:31:31,320 --> 00:31:33,720 IT'S A CONSORTIUM OF 62 909 00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:36,280 GOVERNMENTS FROM HIGH, LOW AND 910 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:36,920 MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, THAT 911 00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:39,240 REALLY CAME TOGETHER FOR THE 912 00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:41,040 GOAL OF WORKING TOWARDS MAKING 913 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:42,880 SURE EVERY CHILD HAS AN 914 00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:44,920 OPPORTUNITY TO RECEIVE A HEALTHY 915 00:31:44,920 --> 00:31:47,040 AND NUTRITION MEAL IN SCHOOL. 916 00:31:47,040 --> 00:31:48,480 THE COALITION HAS 3 MAIN 917 00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:49,840 OBJECTIVES, 1 WHICH IS REALLY 918 00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:51,240 RESPONDING TO THE PANDEMIC AND 919 00:31:51,240 --> 00:31:53,560 RESTORING WHAT WE HAD, MAKING 920 00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:54,600 SURE THAT THOSE CHILDREN IN THAT 921 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:56,560 RED SLIDE THAT I PRESENTED 922 00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:59,080 EARLIER GO BACK TO RECEIVING 923 00:31:59,080 --> 00:31:59,280 MEALS. 924 00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:01,400 THE SECOND 1 IS MORE FOCUSED ON 925 00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:02,800 LOW INCOME COUNTRIES AND MAKING 926 00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:05,440 SURE THAT THE CHILDREN THAT WERE 927 00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:06,760 BEING MISSED EVEN BEFORE THE 928 00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:09,200 PANDEMIC AND WE QUANTIFIED THIS 929 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:10,360 TO BE ABOUT 73 MILLION CHILDREN 930 00:32:10,360 --> 00:32:11,520 RECEIVE THE MEALS IN SCHOOL AND 931 00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:14,520 A THIRD 1 IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO 932 00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:16,480 ALL COUNTRIES OF ALL INCOME 933 00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:18,520 LEVELS AND IT'S ABOUT HOW CAN WE 934 00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:19,520 IMPROVE THESE PROGRAMS, 935 00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:22,120 INCLUDING MAKING THEM THE TRUE 936 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:25,040 MULTIFACTORIAL PLATFORMS THEY 937 00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:27,240 CAN BECOME RNS CONNECTING THEM 938 00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:28,320 TO LOCAL PURCHASE, MAKING SURE 939 00:32:28,320 --> 00:32:29,960 THEY ARE VIABLE FROM A NUTRITION 940 00:32:29,960 --> 00:32:31,720 POINT OF VIEW, THAT THEY ARE 941 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:36,720 IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE 942 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:39,200 EDUCATION SECTOR AND THAT THEY 943 00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:44,320 CONNECT TO MORE INTERVEPGZS THAT 944 00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:45,160 DEEPIKA WAS MENTIONING AROUND 945 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:46,400 HEALTH AND SCHOOL NUTRITION. 946 00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:50,720 JUST A FEW WORDS ABOUT WHAT WFP 947 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:53,400 DOES WITH ALL OF THIS, WE ARE 948 00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:54,600 THE LARGEST INTERNATIONAL AGENCY 949 00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:56,000 FOR SCHOOL MEALS AND WE 950 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,200 SPECIALIZE IN LOWER AND LOW 951 00:32:58,200 --> 00:32:59,000 INCOME COUNTRIES. 952 00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:00,720 OUR SCALE IS QUITE IMPORTANT. 953 00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:02,240 WE RANGE BETWEEN 15 AND 954 00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:03,960 18 MILLION CHILDREN IN TERMS OF 955 00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:06,320 COVERAGE, WE OPERATE IN ABOUT 74 956 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:07,320 COUNTRIES. 957 00:33:07,320 --> 00:33:09,480 WE ARE ALSO THE SECRETARIATE OF 958 00:33:09,480 --> 00:33:10,280 THE SCHOOL MEALS COALITION, SO 959 00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:12,320 WHEN IT COMES TO SCHOOL MEALS 960 00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:13,880 AND TO A CERTAIN EXTENT THE 961 00:33:13,880 --> 00:33:16,360 PLATFORM OF SCHOOL HEALTH AND 962 00:33:16,360 --> 00:33:17,560 NUTRITION, WFP AND QUITE AN 963 00:33:17,560 --> 00:33:19,280 IMPORTANT ACTOR BOTH FROM AN 964 00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:20,800 OPERATIONAL POINT OF VIEW BUT 965 00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:22,720 FROM A STRATEGIC POINT OF VIEW, 966 00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:23,360 SUPPORTING GOVERNMENTS ALL 967 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:23,960 AROUND THE WORLD. 968 00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:24,960 NOW THIS MEETING IS REALLY ABOUT 969 00:33:24,960 --> 00:33:26,200 HOW DO WE MEASURE ALL OF THESE 970 00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:29,320 EFFORT SAYS AND WHAT I WANTED TO 971 00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:30,720 SHARE WITH YOU IS THAT IN THE 972 00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:33,800 LAST FEW MONTHS AND YEARS. 973 00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:35,760 WE'VE WORKED ON A THEORY OF 974 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:37,520 CHANGE FOR OUR PROGRAMS AND I 975 00:33:37,520 --> 00:33:42,520 JUST WANT TO BASICALLY TELL YOU 976 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:44,360 THAT WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO 977 00:33:44,360 --> 00:33:46,640 WITH SCHOOL MEALS AND MORE 978 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:47,920 BROADLY WITH OUR SCHOOL 979 00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:51,000 INTERVENTIONS IS HAVE AN IMPACT 980 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:52,840 ON THESE OUTCOMES HERE THAT YOU 981 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:54,560 SEE IN THE COLUMNS, BOTH IMPACT 982 00:33:54,560 --> 00:33:57,920 ON THE EDUCATION SECTOR BUT ALSO 983 00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:00,960 AROUND INCOME GENERATING 984 00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:03,520 OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE COMMUNITY 985 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:05,320 ISSUES AROUND PRODUCTIVITY OF 986 00:34:05,320 --> 00:34:07,160 COMMUNITIES AND ALSO WORKING 987 00:34:07,160 --> 00:34:10,000 WITH GOVERNMENTS PARTICULARLY ON 988 00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:14,920 THEIR CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT 989 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:15,320 THESE PROGRAMS. 990 00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:19,800 I'M JUST GOING TO CLICK HERE, A 991 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:20,720 SCREEN WILL APPEAR HERE AND I 992 00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:22,320 WILL NOT FOCUS ON IT BUT YOU SEE 993 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:24,280 THE THEORY OF CHANGE, THIS IS 994 00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:27,120 CUTTING ACROSS SEVERAL SECTORS 995 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:32,920 OF EDUCATION, NUTRITION, SMALL 996 00:34:32,920 --> 00:34:35,080 FARMERS VALUE CHAINS AND WHAT I 997 00:34:35,080 --> 00:34:36,120 WANT TO FOCUS SOPHISTICATED IS 998 00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:37,120 THIS PARTICULAR LINE WHICH HAS 999 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:38,720 TO DO WITH INCREASED ACCESS TO 1000 00:34:38,720 --> 00:34:40,080 SCHOOL HEALTH AND NUTRITION 1001 00:34:40,080 --> 00:34:40,880 PACKAGES AND HERE YOU SEE THAT 1002 00:34:40,880 --> 00:34:45,560 WE ARE HOPING TO MEASURE 1003 00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:47,440 SPECIFIC INDICATORS AROUND 1004 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:49,000 DIETARY DIVERSITY, SHORT-TERM 1005 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:50,040 HUNGER AND IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL 1006 00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:50,280 STATUS. 1007 00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:51,680 NOW IF WE MOVE FURTHER DOWN THE 1008 00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:53,400 CHAIN OF THE THEORY OF CHANGE, 1009 00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:57,440 WE ALSO SEE IN THE LIGHT BLUE, 1010 00:34:57,440 --> 00:34:59,640 INDICATORS AROUND IMPROVED 1011 00:34:59,640 --> 00:35:00,320 HEALTH, PHYSICAL AND 1012 00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:01,320 PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH FOR GIRLS 1013 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:03,800 AND BOYS BUT WHAT I WANTED TO 1014 00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:07,360 SHARE IS THAT WE DON'T HAVE 1015 00:35:07,360 --> 00:35:08,400 APPROPRIATE INDICATORS AT THE 1016 00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:11,040 MOMENT TO MEASURE THE BOXES THAT 1017 00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:15,000 ARE PRESENTED IN RED AND IN 1018 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:15,240 ORANGE. 1019 00:35:15,240 --> 00:35:18,040 SO AS CAN YOU SEE, VERY MUCH 1020 00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:19,920 TRACKING CLOSELY TO THE 1021 00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:21,320 BOND-KIDS PROJECT, THE ISSUE OF 1022 00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:22,480 MEASURING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1023 00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:23,520 AND HEALTH STATUS OF CHILDREN OF 1024 00:35:23,520 --> 00:35:26,440 THIS AGE GROUP IS VERY MUCH A 1025 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:29,240 GAP THAT WE HAVE BOTH 1026 00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:30,360 CORPORATELY, AS WFP'S OPERATIONS 1027 00:35:30,360 --> 00:35:31,560 BUT ALSO IN THE COALITION. 1028 00:35:31,560 --> 00:35:35,360 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS VERY 1029 00:35:35,360 --> 00:35:36,360 MUCH MISSING. 1030 00:35:36,360 --> 00:35:37,440 SO TO FINALIZE, DON, WHAT I 1031 00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:40,160 WANTED TO SAY IS FROM THE WFP 1032 00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:42,680 POINT OF VIEW AS AN INPUT TO THE 1033 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:44,480 BOND KIDS PROJECT, WE REALLY 1034 00:35:44,480 --> 00:35:46,040 NEED THE PRODUCTS ESPECIALLY THE 1035 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:49,440 PRODUCTS OF WORKING GROUP 4, TO 1036 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:51,120 TRANSLATE INTO INDICATORS AND 1037 00:35:51,120 --> 00:35:52,120 METHODOLOGIES THAT COULD BE 1038 00:35:52,120 --> 00:35:55,440 APPROPRIATE FOR ALL CONTEXT, AND 1039 00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:56,320 PARTICULARLY IN FRAGILE CONTEXTS 1040 00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:58,000 AND ALSO I WANTED TO SHARE THAT 1041 00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:00,240 THE RESULTS OF THE BOND KIDS 1042 00:36:00,240 --> 00:36:02,920 PROJECT, WE HOPE CAN BE USED IN 1043 00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:05,040 THE SHORT-TERM, BY WFP AND IT'S 1044 00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:06,480 OWN OPERATIONS, WE HAVE 1045 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:08,320 HOPEFULLY PLANS TO INCORPORATE 1046 00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:11,520 THIS IN THE MEDIUM TERM INTO OUR 1047 00:36:11,520 --> 00:36:12,200 CORPORATE RESULTS FRAMEWORK BUT 1048 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:13,760 WE ALSO HAVE DREAMS IN THE LONG 1049 00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:17,640 TERPTO REALLY BE ABLE TO MEASURE 1050 00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:19,520 THIS GLOBALLY INCLUDING A 1051 00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:21,120 CONVERSATION AROUND THE NEW 1052 00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:23,080 SDGs AS THEY COME UP. 1053 00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:24,760 I WILL STOP THERE, DON, THANK 1054 00:36:24,760 --> 00:36:25,400 YOU VERY MUCH. 1055 00:36:25,400 --> 00:36:26,720 >> THANK YOU CARMEN. 1056 00:36:26,720 --> 00:36:30,640 THAT'S CLEAR THAT WFP IS VERY 1057 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:31,200 KEENOT OUTPUT OF BOND-KIDS. 1058 00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:35,320 CAN WE MOVE ON NOW TO LINDSAY 1059 00:36:35,320 --> 00:36:35,560 ALLEN. 1060 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:39,000 LINDSAY ARE YOU WITH US? 1061 00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:46,880 I'M NOT SEEING YOU ON SCREEN 1062 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:47,360 YET? 1063 00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:50,200 >> --NOT LISTED ON THE PROGRAM. 1064 00:36:50,200 --> 00:36:56,320 >> SORRY, IS THAT MY MISTAKE? 1065 00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:56,760 ANDREW OR DAN? 1066 00:36:56,760 --> 00:37:04,480 WHO IS THE NEXT PRESENTER? 1067 00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:05,760 S--I THINK IT'S--SHALL WE MOVE 1068 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:06,520 ON. 1069 00:37:06,520 --> 00:37:07,640 >> I THINK LET'S MOVE ON, 1070 00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:12,160 LINDSAY WAS GOING TO TALK ABOUT 1071 00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:14,720 HER EFFORTS AROUND HARMONIZATION 1072 00:37:14,720 --> 00:37:15,760 AT SOME POINT, IT DOESN'T NEED 1073 00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:17,440 TO BE DONE HERE,. 1074 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:18,840 >> I CAN CERTAINLY DO THAT LATER 1075 00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:20,800 BUT I'M NOT REPRESENTING AN 1076 00:37:20,800 --> 00:37:22,520 AGENCY IN DOING THAT. 1077 00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:24,520 >> RIGHT. 1078 00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:25,080 OKAY. 1079 00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:26,040 >> SUPER, SUPER LINDSAY, THANK 1080 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:29,560 YOU VERY MUCH. 1081 00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:31,200 >> CAITLIN, CAITLIN FROM CDC, 1082 00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:32,920 YEAH, CAITLIN, IF YOU COULD 1083 00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:33,720 TALK--IF YOU COULD NOW TAKE 1084 00:37:33,720 --> 00:37:34,960 OVER, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1085 00:37:34,960 --> 00:37:35,560 >> GOOD MORNING. 1086 00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:37,240 SURE, I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND 1087 00:37:37,240 --> 00:37:39,320 SHARE MY SLIDES AND YOU LET ME 1088 00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:52,040 KNOW HOW HOW THEY LOOK. 1089 00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:53,240 >> I THINK WE'RE GOING OKAY, WE 1090 00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:55,320 NEED TO SEE THE FULL SCREEN 1091 00:37:55,320 --> 00:37:56,960 VERSION, CAITLIN. 1092 00:37:56,960 --> 00:37:57,680 >> OKAY, GREAT. 1093 00:37:57,680 --> 00:37:59,320 WELL, GOOD MORNING EVERYONE, I'M 1094 00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:00,600 REALLY PLEASED TO BE WITH YOU 1095 00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:04,920 TODAY TO SHARE REMARCOS BEHALF 1096 00:38:04,920 --> 00:38:06,520 OF C DC'S HEALTHY SCHOOLS 1097 00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:06,760 PROGRAM. 1098 00:38:06,760 --> 00:38:08,640 WE'RE PART OF THE POPULATION OF 1099 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,320 HELT IN THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR 1100 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:13,520 CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND 1101 00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:14,000 PROMOTION. 1102 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:14,640 I'M CAITLIN [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 1103 00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:17,800 I AM A REGISTERED DIETITIAN AND 1104 00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:19,560 I EVERYSEE OUR WORK IN SCHOOL 1105 00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:19,840 NUTRITION. 1106 00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:21,000 OUR WORK IS GROUND INDEED 1107 00:38:21,000 --> 00:38:22,640 DECADES OF RESEARCH SHOWING THAT 1108 00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:24,400 HEALTH AND LEARNING ARE STRONGLY 1109 00:38:24,400 --> 00:38:25,920 CONNECTED, AND THAT HEALTHY 1110 00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:28,120 STUDENTS PERFORM BETTER IN 1111 00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:28,560 SCHOOL. 1112 00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:31,120 WE USE THE WHOLE SCHOOL, WHOLE 1113 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:33,720 COMMUNITY, WHOLE CHILD FRAMEWORK 1114 00:38:33,720 --> 00:38:36,800 OR WHISK TO GUIDE OUR WISK AND 1115 00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:38,560 WHISK IS A SOCIOLOGICAL 1116 00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:39,640 ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IF ORDER 1117 00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:41,600 FOR STUDENTS TO BE SUCCESSFUL 1118 00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:43,040 ACADEMICALLY, THEY NEED TO HAVE 1119 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:45,480 THEIR BASIC NEEDS MET FIRST 1120 00:38:45,480 --> 00:38:47,880 INCLUDING FEELING SAFE, ENGAGED, 1121 00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:49,040 SUPPORTED, CHALLENGED AND 1122 00:38:49,040 --> 00:38:49,680 HEALTHY. 1123 00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:51,520 AND THIS APPROACH PROMOTES 1124 00:38:51,520 --> 00:38:52,720 EQUITY BY ACKNOWLEDGING THAT 1125 00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:55,120 STUDENTS HAVE DIFFERENT NEEDS 1126 00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:56,760 AND STUDENTS--AND SCHOOLS CAN 1127 00:38:56,760 --> 00:39:01,040 ADAPT THIS FRAMEWORK TO BEST 1128 00:39:01,040 --> 00:39:01,640 ADDRESS THESE NEEDS. 1129 00:39:01,640 --> 00:39:03,280 SO I KNOW WE DON'T HAVE TIME TO 1130 00:39:03,280 --> 00:39:05,840 SHOW THE VIDEO TODAY BUT I WANT 1131 00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:07,520 TO SHARE IT WITH THE GROUP IN 1132 00:39:07,520 --> 00:39:09,240 THE HOPE THAT YOU WOULD TAKE 5 1133 00:39:09,240 --> 00:39:10,200 MINUTES LATER TODAY OR NEXT 1134 00:39:10,200 --> 00:39:12,520 WEEK, IT WAS CREATED BY THE 1135 00:39:12,520 --> 00:39:13,040 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF-- 1136 00:39:13,040 --> 00:39:15,120 >> I NEED TO WILL YOU THAT THE 1137 00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:16,920 SLIDES DON'T SEEM TO BE 1138 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:17,200 SHIFTING. 1139 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:17,440 >> OH. 1140 00:39:17,440 --> 00:39:18,520 >> I KNOW THIS IS 1 OF THE 1141 00:39:18,520 --> 00:39:20,160 COMMON PROBLEMS WE TRY WHEN WE 1142 00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:24,920 TRY TO SHARE SLIDES. 1143 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:26,360 SO WHAT DO YOU SEE. 1144 00:39:26,360 --> 00:39:27,760 >> THATYA FINE, I THINK YOU 1145 00:39:27,760 --> 00:39:28,920 SOLVED IT. 1146 00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:31,480 >> SO THAT'S THE WHISK 1147 00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:32,520 FRAMEWORK, HERE'S A SLIDE OF THE 1148 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:37,920 VIDEO, DOES THAT WORK? 1149 00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:38,920 >> IT'S WORKING. 1150 00:39:38,920 --> 00:39:39,320 >> EXCELLENT. 1151 00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:44,240 THIS REALLY JUST SHOWS WHAT 1152 00:39:44,240 --> 00:39:45,640 WSCC LOOKS LIKE IN ACTION, WE 1153 00:39:45,640 --> 00:39:47,520 DON'T HAVE TIME TO SHOW IT DEAD 1154 00:39:47,520 --> 00:39:49,200 BUT WE'RE HOPING THAT PEOPLE 1155 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:50,320 WILL TAKE TIME TO SEE WHAT THIS 1156 00:39:50,320 --> 00:39:52,520 LOOKS LIKE IN A SCHOOL SETTING. 1157 00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:54,120 THE NEXT SLIDE I HOPE IS SHOWING 1158 00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:56,120 IS A MAP OF THE STAKES WE 1159 00:39:56,120 --> 00:39:58,120 CURRENTLY FUND, SO WE CURRENTLY 1160 00:39:58,120 --> 00:39:59,720 FUND 16 STATE EDUCATION 1161 00:39:59,720 --> 00:40:01,320 AGENCIES, WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT 1162 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:03,320 DIFFERENT THAN OTHER UNITS AT 1163 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:04,840 CDC THAT CORRECTLY FUND STATE 1164 00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:06,120 HEALTH DEPARTMENTS, OUR FUNDING 1165 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:07,200 GOES DIRECTLY TO THE SATIETY 1166 00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:08,120 NEURONS EDUCATION AGENCIES TO 1167 00:40:08,120 --> 00:40:11,120 WORK WITH SCHOOL DISTRICTS, IN 1168 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:12,960 THEIR STATES TO IMPLEMENT 1169 00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:14,520 POLICIES, PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS 1170 00:40:14,520 --> 00:40:16,320 THAT PUT THE WSCC PROGRAM INTO 1171 00:40:16,320 --> 00:40:18,120 ACTION AND WE HAVE A PARTICULAR 1172 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:20,440 INTEREST IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1173 00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:22,320 AND ACTIVITY, HEALTH EDUCATION, 1174 00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:28,680 THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FOOD 1175 00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:29,720 PROVIDED IN SCHOOL AND SCHOOL 1176 00:40:29,720 --> 00:40:32,040 OUT OF TIME, AND HELPING TO 1177 00:40:32,040 --> 00:40:32,680 SUSTAIN SCHOOL HEALTH 1178 00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:33,800 INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE STATE, 1179 00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:38,240 DISTRICT AND SCHOOL LEVEL. 1180 00:40:38,240 --> 00:40:39,840 WITH RESPECT TO NUTRITION, WE 1181 00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:41,000 TAKE A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO 1182 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:42,080 SCHOOL NUTRITION AND WE WORK TO 1183 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:44,040 ADDRESS THE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT 1184 00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:47,400 STUDENT HAVE ACCESS TO FOODS AND 1185 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:49,560 BEVERAGES DURING THE SCALE DAY, 1186 00:40:49,560 --> 00:40:51,680 AIMED TO INSURE THEY SEE AND 1187 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:52,480 HEAR MESSAGES ABOUT GOOD 1188 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:54,320 NUTRITION AND THAT THEY HAVE 1189 00:40:54,320 --> 00:40:56,720 OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN ABOUT 1190 00:40:56,720 --> 00:40:58,320 IMPACTS OF HEALTHY EATING. 1191 00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:03,520 SO YOU SEE SCHOOL LISTED ON THIS 1192 00:41:03,520 --> 00:41:06,320 WHEEL, WE SEE THAT TO AREAS WITH 1193 00:41:06,320 --> 00:41:08,080 THEY HAVE ACCESS TO FOOD AND 1194 00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:10,640 BEVERAGES, AND SCHOOL STORES, 1195 00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:12,120 FUNDRAISERS, WE TALK ABOUT 1196 00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:13,320 INSURING THAT STUDENT VS ACCESS 1197 00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:15,560 TO FREE DRINKING WATER DURINGLET 1198 00:41:15,560 --> 00:41:17,400 SCHOOL DAY, THAT THE FOOD AND 1199 00:41:17,400 --> 00:41:18,000 BEV RAMMING MARKETING 1200 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:19,600 ENVIRONMENT IN SCHOOL IS 1201 00:41:19,600 --> 00:41:20,560 PROMOTING GOOD NUTRITION AND 1202 00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:21,960 HEALTH. 1203 00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:24,280 SO WE REAMLY DO ASK OUR GRAND 1204 00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:25,240 GRANTEES TO THINK ABOUT SCHOOL 1205 00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:26,400 NUTRITION IN A VERY BROADWAY. 1206 00:41:26,400 --> 00:41:28,520 I KNOW THAT WE'RE SHORT ON TIME. 1207 00:41:28,520 --> 00:41:32,600 SO I WILL WRAP BY JUST SAYING IN 1208 00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:34,400 THAT, WE HAVE 2 SCHOOL BASED 1209 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:36,040 SURVEY SYSTEMS WE OPERATE OUT OF 1210 00:41:36,040 --> 00:41:37,800 CDC ON THE SCHOOL HEALTH PROFILE 1211 00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:40,280 SYSTEM AND THE YOUTH RESK 1212 00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:42,000 BEHAVIOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM. 1213 00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:44,480 WE HAVE INDICATORS FROM THOSE 1214 00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:46,320 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS THAT ARE 1215 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:47,360 STATES USE TO MEASURE THEIR 1216 00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:48,960 PROGRESS IN THEIR WORK, HOWEVER 1217 00:41:48,960 --> 00:41:50,360 THERE ARE LIMITATIONS TO EACH OF 1218 00:41:50,360 --> 00:41:52,920 THOSE SYSTEMS AND SO OUR STATES 1219 00:41:52,920 --> 00:41:54,680 ALSO HAVE MORE COMPREHENSIVE 1220 00:41:54,680 --> 00:41:55,840 EVALUATION PLANS WHERE THEY CAN 1221 00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:57,800 GET INTO MORE DETAIL ABOUT WHAT 1222 00:41:57,800 --> 00:41:59,000 THEY'RE DOING AND THE PROGRESS 1223 00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:01,520 THEY'RE HAVING, AND SO 1 OF THE 1224 00:42:01,520 --> 00:42:03,520 LIMITATIONS THAT I WILL SHARE IS 1225 00:42:03,520 --> 00:42:05,280 OUR SCHOOL HEALTH PROFILE SYSTEM 1226 00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:08,480 THAT MEASURES POLICIES AND 1227 00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:11,480 PRACTICES, IN ACROSS THE 1228 00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:12,520 WSCC FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTHY 1229 00:42:12,520 --> 00:42:15,320 SCHOOLS, IT ONLY ADDRESSES THOSE 1230 00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:17,960 POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF THE 1231 00:42:17,960 --> 00:42:18,800 SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SO WE 1232 00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:20,440 DON'T HAVE A WAY TO MEASURE 1233 00:42:20,440 --> 00:42:21,800 WHAT'S GOING ON IN ELEMENTARY 1234 00:42:21,800 --> 00:42:22,600 SCHOOL SETTINGS WHICH IS WHERE A 1235 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:24,000 LOT OF THIS WORK IS TAKING 1236 00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:24,240 PLACE. 1237 00:42:24,240 --> 00:42:28,000 SO I WILL END THERE. 1238 00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:29,560 BUT APPRECIATE BEING PART OF 1239 00:42:29,560 --> 00:42:31,920 THIS CONVERSATION TODAY, THANKS 1240 00:42:31,920 --> 00:42:32,280 FOR HAVING ME. 1241 00:42:32,280 --> 00:42:33,320 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH INDEED 1242 00:42:33,320 --> 00:42:34,720 CAITLIN, THAT'S VERY CLEAR AND 1243 00:42:34,720 --> 00:42:36,720 EXCITING TO SEE ALL THIS 1244 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:39,520 ACTIVITY GOING ON ACROSS THE 1245 00:42:39,520 --> 00:42:39,720 U.S. 1246 00:42:39,720 --> 00:42:41,720 AND I'M GOING TO MOVE ON NOW TO 1247 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:49,680 THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS 1248 00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:51,040 NIEGZATION TO [INDISCERNIBLE] AM 1249 00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:53,200 I SEEING YOU POPPING UP HERE, DO 1250 00:42:53,200 --> 00:43:04,920 WE KNOW IF THEY'VE JOINED 1251 00:43:04,920 --> 00:43:05,320 ALREADY? 1252 00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:05,520 NOA? 1253 00:43:05,520 --> 00:43:10,520 THEN I WILL MOVE ON TO 1254 00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:11,160 BIBI [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM THE 1255 00:43:11,160 --> 00:43:14,320 AGENCY WITH GIVE US AN AFRICAN 1256 00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:17,120 UNION PERSPECTIVE ON THE 1257 00:43:17,120 --> 00:43:19,520 BOND-KIDS DISCUSSION. 1258 00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:19,720 BIBI. 1259 00:43:19,720 --> 00:43:20,640 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DON, AND 1260 00:43:20,640 --> 00:43:22,760 THANK YOU TO ALL OF THE PREVIOUS 1261 00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:27,440 SPEAKERS, I AM BIBI GIYOSE, I AM 1262 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:28,720 ACTUALLY THE SENIOR ADVISOR FOR 1263 00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:32,520 NUTRITION AND FOOD SYSTEMS. 1264 00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:36,640 FUNDED BY FAO, HQ TO AFRICAN 1265 00:43:36,640 --> 00:43:37,600 [INDISCERNIBLE] DEVELOPMENT 1266 00:43:37,600 --> 00:43:38,360 AGENCY, TO SUPPORT THE 1267 00:43:38,360 --> 00:43:38,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 1268 00:43:38,920 --> 00:43:41,520 SOPHISTICATED SUPPORT THE 1269 00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:47,680 PROBLEMS ON THE GROUND. 1270 00:43:47,680 --> 00:43:49,400 JUST A BACKGROUND OF THEAD WHAT, 1271 00:43:49,400 --> 00:43:51,680 IT IS THE IMPLEMENTING ARM OF 1272 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:52,320 THE AFRICAN UNION. 1273 00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:55,320 SO IT LOOKS AT TRANSLATING 1274 00:43:55,320 --> 00:43:59,920 POLICIES TO PROGRAMS AND TO 1275 00:43:59,920 --> 00:44:00,880 TRACKING THE PERFORMANCE. 1276 00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:06,200 SO IN TERMS OF WHAT WE HAVE DONE 1277 00:44:06,200 --> 00:44:14,280 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF 1278 00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:17,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] DEVELOP AFRICAN 1279 00:44:17,320 --> 00:44:18,360 PROGRAM. 1280 00:44:18,360 --> 00:44:19,880 [AUDIO CUTS OUT ] ACTUALLY A 1281 00:44:19,880 --> 00:44:22,240 LINKED PROGRAM THAT LOOKS AT THE 1282 00:44:22,240 --> 00:44:24,960 DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND 1283 00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:27,400 IN THIS REGARD, WE THROUGH THE 1284 00:44:27,400 --> 00:44:30,720 PROGRAM, WHICH WAS STUDIED IN 1285 00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:32,440 2003, WITH ONLY 12 COUNTRIES, 1286 00:44:32,440 --> 00:44:34,280 NOW I'M HAPPY TO SAY THAT WE 1287 00:44:34,280 --> 00:44:37,520 HAVE OVER 40 COUNTRIES THAT HAVE 1288 00:44:37,520 --> 00:44:39,000 SIGNED UP TO THE HOME GROWN 1289 00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:39,640 SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAM. 1290 00:44:39,640 --> 00:44:44,880 IT HAS BEEN DECLARED BY THE 1291 00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:45,600 AFRICAN UNION COUNTRIES TO ROLL 1292 00:44:45,600 --> 00:44:51,560 THE PROGRAM OUT TO ALL THE 55 1293 00:44:51,560 --> 00:44:52,680 MEMBER STATES. 1294 00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:54,320 THE WHOLE FOODS FEEDING PROGRAM 1295 00:44:54,320 --> 00:44:56,760 IS 1 OF THE 7 FLAGSHIP AREAS 1296 00:44:56,760 --> 00:44:58,520 THAT FALLS UNDER THE NUTRITION 1297 00:44:58,520 --> 00:45:03,600 AND FOOD SYSTEMS PROGRAM WHICH 1298 00:45:03,600 --> 00:45:04,680 INCLUDE MATERNAL AND CHILD 1299 00:45:04,680 --> 00:45:06,480 NUTRITION, SO IN THIS REGARD, WE 1300 00:45:06,480 --> 00:45:07,880 ARE WORKING CLOSELY WITH THE 1301 00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:10,320 MINISTRIES OF HEALTH AND THE 1302 00:45:10,320 --> 00:45:11,720 MINISTRIES OF SOCIAL WELFARE OR 1303 00:45:11,720 --> 00:45:13,720 SOCIAL PROTECTION. 1304 00:45:13,720 --> 00:45:15,560 THE SECOND AREA YOU KNOW IS 1305 00:45:15,560 --> 00:45:17,440 INDEED HOME GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING 1306 00:45:17,440 --> 00:45:17,920 PROGRAM. 1307 00:45:17,920 --> 00:45:21,120 THE HOME GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING 1308 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:22,320 PROGRAMS, OBJECTIVES AS 1309 00:45:22,320 --> 00:45:28,400 MENTIONED BY CARMEN, IS TO LINK 1310 00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:28,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] FARMER'S 1311 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:31,040 PRODUCTION SO THAT THEY HAVE THE 1312 00:45:31,040 --> 00:45:34,280 READY MARKET THROUGH THE SCHOOL 1313 00:45:34,280 --> 00:45:34,640 FEEDING PROGRAM. 1314 00:45:34,640 --> 00:45:36,600 THE SECOND THING THAT YOU KNOW 1315 00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:38,800 THE PROGRAM INTENDS TO DO, IS TO 1316 00:45:38,800 --> 00:45:41,840 LOOK AT THE QUALITY OF SCHOOL 1317 00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:44,720 MEALS AND UNFORTUNATELY, WE HAVE 1318 00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:46,720 NOT BEEN ABLE TO HAVE DATA AND 1319 00:45:46,720 --> 00:45:51,360 EVIDENCE THAT CAN HELP US DESIGN 1320 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:53,720 AND TRANSLATE THE POLICIES INTO 1321 00:45:53,720 --> 00:45:55,120 THIS PROGRAMS, SO IT HAS BEEN 1322 00:45:55,120 --> 00:45:58,960 DONE IN A SORT OF HAPHAZARD WAY 1323 00:45:58,960 --> 00:46:01,680 IF I MAY SAY BUT WE'VE BEEN 1324 00:46:01,680 --> 00:46:03,920 WORKING THROUGH THE AFRICAN 1325 00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:05,920 UNION, SCHOOL FEEDING 1326 00:46:05,920 --> 00:46:07,600 [INDISCERNIBLE] TO WORK ON 1327 00:46:07,600 --> 00:46:09,320 GUIDELINES THAT WERE LAUNCHED 1328 00:46:09,320 --> 00:46:11,360 LAST YEAR DURING THE AFRICAN 1329 00:46:11,360 --> 00:46:15,720 [INDISCERNIBLE] FOR SCHOOL 1330 00:46:15,720 --> 00:46:16,880 FEEDING ON MARCH 1. 1331 00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:19,880 AND LATER TODAY, LET METRICS 1332 00:46:19,880 --> 00:46:23,800 JUST SAY, WE ALSO TRY TO WORK ON 1333 00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:25,160 DIETARY DIVERSITY, BECAUSE WE 1334 00:46:25,160 --> 00:46:27,040 RECOGNIZE THAT IN TERMS OF THE 1335 00:46:27,040 --> 00:46:30,240 QUALITY OF MEALS IN AFFRIC AWE 1336 00:46:30,240 --> 00:46:32,480 ARE STILL VERY MUCH LACKING IN 1337 00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:34,680 TERMS OF NUTRIENT RICH FOODS SO 1338 00:46:34,680 --> 00:46:37,200 NOW WE HAVE AS PART OF THE 7 1339 00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:40,440 FLAGSHIPS, WE HAVE THE PROBLEM 1340 00:46:40,440 --> 00:46:41,400 THAT ADDRESSES MICRONUTRIENT 1341 00:46:41,400 --> 00:46:49,000 DEFICIENCIES, THEN WE ARE ALSO, 1342 00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:50,760 BECAUSE WE'RE CHALLENGED BY FOOD 1343 00:46:50,760 --> 00:46:52,080 SAFETY ISSUES, YES, ANOTHER 1344 00:46:52,080 --> 00:46:55,720 FLAGSHIP IS ON FOOD SAFETY, 1345 00:46:55,720 --> 00:46:57,120 STANDARDS AND HARMONIZATION OF 1346 00:46:57,120 --> 00:46:58,720 SUCH STANDARDS, SO WE ALREADY 1347 00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:00,680 HAVE GUIDELINES THAT ARE GOING 1348 00:47:00,680 --> 00:47:02,640 TO THE [INDISCERNIBLE] LINK, THE 1349 00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:06,040 QUALITY OF SCHOOL MEALS AND 1350 00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:09,520 THEIR SAFETY TO ALL THE 1351 00:47:09,520 --> 00:47:10,040 [INDISCERNIBLE] ISSUES. 1352 00:47:10,040 --> 00:47:13,920 AS YOU WELL KNOW, AFRICA HAS 1353 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:16,560 BEEN HARDEST HIT BY COMMUNICABLE 1354 00:47:16,560 --> 00:47:18,880 DISEASES, HIV/AIDS, EBOLA, 1355 00:47:18,880 --> 00:47:24,160 COVID, AND THEN MANY OTHERS SO 1356 00:47:24,160 --> 00:47:26,000 WE WORK ACROSS TO SUPPORT AND TO 1357 00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:31,800 TRY AND LINK NUTRITIONAL FOR 1358 00:47:31,800 --> 00:47:34,560 THESE PANDEMICS IN ORDER TO 1359 00:47:34,560 --> 00:47:35,600 PREVENT AND 1360 00:47:35,600 --> 00:47:36,960 COMMUNICATE--MITIGATE AND TO 1361 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:38,960 SUPPORT AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 1362 00:47:38,960 --> 00:47:44,560 WE'RE ALSO CONCERNED ABOUT THE 1363 00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:46,120 GROWING LEVELS OF OVERWEIGHT AND 1364 00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:47,720 OBESITY, BOTH FOR THE CHILDREN 1365 00:47:47,720 --> 00:47:51,400 AND FOR THE WOMEN. 1366 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:54,200 IF I MAY GIVE AN EXAMPLE, IN 1367 00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:55,920 SOUTH AFRICA MORE THAN PEA% OF 1368 00:47:55,920 --> 00:47:58,520 WOMEN ARE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE. 1369 00:47:58,520 --> 00:48:01,920 THIS IS A WORRYING STATISTIC. 1370 00:48:01,920 --> 00:48:04,120 SO I'M HOPING AND BELIEVING THAT 1371 00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,800 THROUGH BOND-KIDS WE SHALL BE 1372 00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:10,320 ABLE TO ASSESS, COLLECT DATA, 1373 00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:12,520 ACROSS THIS IN SUPPORT OF THE 1374 00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:13,480 DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS THAT WE 1375 00:48:13,480 --> 00:48:14,080 ALREADY HAVE. 1376 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:18,920 LIKE I SAID, WE HAVE BEEN THE 1377 00:48:18,920 --> 00:48:20,800 GUIDELINES, WE HAVE THE 1378 00:48:20,800 --> 00:48:24,200 [INDISCERNIBLE], WE HAVE THE 1379 00:48:24,200 --> 00:48:26,320 [INDISCERNIBLE], WE HAVE THE 1380 00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:27,160 AFRICAN [INDISCERNIBLE] 1381 00:48:27,160 --> 00:48:29,480 STRATEGY, THAT WORK ALTOGETHER, 1382 00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:34,520 WOE HOLD IN THE CONTEXT OF HOW 1383 00:48:34,520 --> 00:48:37,760 WE ORGANIZE WE HAVE APEX, THE 1384 00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:40,960 AFRICAN UNION, WHOSE ANSWER, 1385 00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:43,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND THE 1386 00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:43,800 [INDISCERNIBLE] COMMUNITIES. 1387 00:48:43,800 --> 00:48:46,360 SO OUR WORK WE DON'T IMPLEMENT 1388 00:48:46,360 --> 00:48:50,200 DIRECTLY AS SUCH, SO WE DO OUR 1389 00:48:50,200 --> 00:48:50,880 [INDISCERNIBLE] THROUGH 1390 00:48:50,880 --> 00:48:52,320 COMMUNITIES TRICKLING DOWN TO 1391 00:48:52,320 --> 00:48:53,920 THE COUNTRY LEVEL. 1392 00:48:53,920 --> 00:48:56,720 I AM VERY MUCH AFRAID TO SAY, WE 1393 00:48:56,720 --> 00:48:59,400 REALLY HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO 1394 00:48:59,400 --> 00:49:05,240 COLLECT THE KIND OF DATA THAT WE 1395 00:49:05,240 --> 00:49:07,400 NEED, HOWEVER, WE'VE BEEN 1396 00:49:07,400 --> 00:49:10,240 WORKING IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR 1397 00:49:10,240 --> 00:49:12,400 AFRICAN RESEARCH AND 1398 00:49:12,400 --> 00:49:14,480 [INDISCERNIBLE] TO HELP US IN 1399 00:49:14,480 --> 00:49:17,000 THE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF 1400 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:18,520 WHAT KIND OF INFORMATION WE 1401 00:49:18,520 --> 00:49:21,480 NEED, WHAT ARE THE GAPS, AND 1402 00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:23,000 WHAT IS GOING TO BE THE 1403 00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:29,720 TRANSLATION OF SUCH TO MEASURE 1404 00:49:29,720 --> 00:49:30,640 IMPACT AND COVERAGE. 1405 00:49:30,640 --> 00:49:32,480 SO I WOULD JUST LIKE TO END BY 1406 00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:35,000 SAYING, THIS YEAR HAS BEEN 1407 00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:35,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] BY THE AFRICAN 1408 00:49:35,760 --> 00:49:37,520 UNION AS THE YEAR FOR NUTRITION 1409 00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:39,520 IN AFFRIC ASO I BELIEVE WE SHALL 1410 00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:43,320 BE ABLE TO LEVERAGE THIS 1411 00:49:43,320 --> 00:49:44,720 OPPORTUNITY TO STRENGTHEN OUR 1412 00:49:44,720 --> 00:49:46,400 PROGRAMMING AND TO STRENGTHEN 1413 00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:47,720 THE HOME GROWING SCHOOL FEEDING 1414 00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:50,920 PROGRAM AND THANKS TO THE 1415 00:49:50,920 --> 00:49:53,760 PARTNERS THAT WE WORK WITH, DON 1416 00:49:53,760 --> 00:49:57,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND PC D, AND 1417 00:49:57,320 --> 00:50:01,280 THE GCNF IN YOU KNOW HAVING SOME 1418 00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:03,680 BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND COLLECTING 1419 00:50:03,680 --> 00:50:05,320 SOME BASE LINE DATA SO THAT 1420 00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:08,080 WE'RE ABLE TO REALLY UNDERSTAND 1421 00:50:08,080 --> 00:50:09,400 WHERE COUNTRIES ARE, HOW WE CAN 1422 00:50:09,400 --> 00:50:12,200 SUPPORT THEM AND REALLY HOW WE 1423 00:50:12,200 --> 00:50:13,600 CAN BUILD THE EVIDENCE AND 1424 00:50:13,600 --> 00:50:14,520 TRANSLATE ALL THE WORK. 1425 00:50:14,520 --> 00:50:17,480 OVER TO YOU DON, THANK YOU. 1426 00:50:17,480 --> 00:50:19,720 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH BIBI, AND 1427 00:50:19,720 --> 00:50:21,240 THANK YOU FOR POINTING OUT THE 1428 00:50:21,240 --> 00:50:22,400 ROLE OF THE AFRICAN NUTRITION 1429 00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:24,760 SOCIETY AND THE NETWORK OF 1430 00:50:24,760 --> 00:50:25,760 NUTRITIONISTS IN AFRICA IN 1431 00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:31,920 THINKING FORWARD TO PHASE 2 IN 1432 00:50:31,920 --> 00:50:32,400 THIS--IN BOND-KIDS. 1433 00:50:32,400 --> 00:50:34,120 I'M TOLD THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] 1434 00:50:34,120 --> 00:50:37,480 HAS JOINED US FROM W. H. O. SO 1435 00:50:37,480 --> 00:50:38,560 [INDISCERNIBLE] IF YOU'RE--ARE 1436 00:50:38,560 --> 00:50:45,320 YOU ABLE TO PUT ON YOUR CAMERA 1437 00:50:45,320 --> 00:50:47,120 AND JOIN US? 1438 00:50:47,120 --> 00:50:47,560 >> YEAH, THANK YOU. 1439 00:50:47,560 --> 00:50:48,160 >> THANK YOU. 1440 00:50:48,160 --> 00:50:55,680 >> GOOD MORNING, GOOD AFTERNOON, 1441 00:50:55,680 --> 00:50:55,920 EVERYONE. 1442 00:50:55,920 --> 00:50:58,320 HONESTLY, I AM NOMINATED BY 1443 00:50:58,320 --> 00:51:00,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] TO ATTEND 1444 00:51:00,280 --> 00:51:01,120 TODAY'S MEETING IN THE AREA OF 1445 00:51:01,120 --> 00:51:03,680 THE FACT THAT I SHOULD PRESENT 1446 00:51:03,680 --> 00:51:05,320 SOMETHING AS A PANELIST SO I 1447 00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:08,160 DON'T HAVE ANYTHING PREPARED, 1448 00:51:08,160 --> 00:51:13,200 AND IT SEEMS W. H. O. IS NOT AN 1449 00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:14,600 IMPLEMENTING AGENCY, THE TYPE OF 1450 00:51:14,600 --> 00:51:16,120 PRESENTATION THAT ARE GIVEN BY 1451 00:51:16,120 --> 00:51:19,320 OTHER PANELISTS, I THINK WE 1452 00:51:19,320 --> 00:51:20,720 DON'T HAVE ANYTHING TO PRESENT 1453 00:51:20,720 --> 00:51:24,400 THAT, BUT I WAS LOOKING AT THE 1454 00:51:24,400 --> 00:51:28,960 E-MAIL THAT WAS SENT TO US AND 1455 00:51:28,960 --> 00:51:31,480 IT--THE FIRST BULLET TALKS ABOUT 1456 00:51:31,480 --> 00:51:33,120 THE BREFLY DISCUSS HOW THE 1457 00:51:33,120 --> 00:51:34,440 RESPECTIVE AGENCIES MAKE 1458 00:51:34,440 --> 00:51:36,120 DECISIONS ABOUT THE NEED, IF YOU 1459 00:51:36,120 --> 00:51:39,920 ALLOW ME 2 OR 3 MINUTES, I CAN 1460 00:51:39,920 --> 00:51:43,120 JUST SAY A FEW WORDS ON THAT. 1461 00:51:43,120 --> 00:51:46,920 >> GO AHEAD, THAT'S GREAT. 1462 00:51:46,920 --> 00:51:48,880 >> SO LET ME INTRODUCE MYSELF 1463 00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:51,520 I'M A TECHNICAL OFFICER WORKING 1464 00:51:51,520 --> 00:51:53,320 IN THE NUTRITION AND FOOD SAFETY 1465 00:51:53,320 --> 00:51:56,800 DEPARTMENT OF W. H. O. IN 1466 00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:57,360 GENEVA. 1467 00:51:57,360 --> 00:51:58,920 IN TERMS OF DECISION MAKING, I 1468 00:51:58,920 --> 00:52:00,440 THINK DECISION MAKING AT W. H. 1469 00:52:00,440 --> 00:52:04,680 O. IS A VERY COMPLEX PROCESS. 1470 00:52:04,680 --> 00:52:08,760 AT HIGHER LEVEL OR 1471 00:52:08,760 --> 00:52:09,480 ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL, THE WORLD 1472 00:52:09,480 --> 00:52:13,000 HEALTH ARK SEMESTER BLE IS THE 1473 00:52:13,000 --> 00:52:13,920 DECISION MAKING BODY. 1474 00:52:13,920 --> 00:52:15,360 IT IS ATTENDED BY DELEGATIONS 1475 00:52:15,360 --> 00:52:21,360 FROM ALL W. H. O. MEMBERS, AS 1476 00:52:21,360 --> 00:52:22,200 YOU KNOW. 1477 00:52:22,200 --> 00:52:24,600 AND THEY BASICALLY FOCUS ON, 1478 00:52:24,600 --> 00:52:30,160 SPECIFIC HEALTH AGENDA PREPARED 1479 00:52:30,160 --> 00:52:32,120 BY THE EXECUTIVE BOLD, THE 1480 00:52:32,120 --> 00:52:34,240 EXECUTIVE BOARD IN ITS ANNUAL 1481 00:52:34,240 --> 00:52:35,360 MEETING PREPARE THE AGENDA FOR 1482 00:52:35,360 --> 00:52:39,120 THE W. H. O. ASSEMBLY AND THE 1483 00:52:39,120 --> 00:52:40,840 RESOLUTIONS THAT ARE TO BE TAKEN 1484 00:52:40,840 --> 00:52:43,240 BY THE HEALTH ASSEMBLY. 1485 00:52:43,240 --> 00:52:44,440 THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD 1486 00:52:44,440 --> 00:52:46,440 ARE TO IMPLEMENT THE DECISIONS 1487 00:52:46,440 --> 00:52:51,360 AND POLICIES OF THE HEALTH 1488 00:52:51,360 --> 00:52:57,120 ASSEMBLY AND ALSO ADVISE AND 1489 00:52:57,120 --> 00:52:59,160 PROVIDE SUPPORT. 1490 00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:00,800 SO ANOTHER ESSENTIAL PIECE THAT 1491 00:53:00,800 --> 00:53:02,880 W. H. O. HAS IS THE GENERAL 1492 00:53:02,880 --> 00:53:05,440 PROGRAM OF WORK, THE 13th 1493 00:53:05,440 --> 00:53:07,320 GENERAL PROGRAM OF WORK, DEFINES 1494 00:53:07,320 --> 00:53:11,480 WHICH IS THE CURRENT 1, IT 1495 00:53:11,480 --> 00:53:56,360 DEFINES, THE STRATEGY FOR THE 5 1496 00:53:56,360 --> 00:53:57,520 YEARS PERIOD. 1497 00:53:57,520 --> 00:53:59,720 --AND IS BASED ON W. H. O.'S 1498 00:53:59,720 --> 00:54:01,280 GLOBAL PROGRAM OF WORK AS WELL 1499 00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:08,160 AS NATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES AND 1500 00:54:08,160 --> 00:54:09,920 PLANS AND THE STRATEGY SUPPORTS 1501 00:54:09,920 --> 00:54:13,120 COLLABORATES WITH OTHER 1502 00:54:13,120 --> 00:54:15,080 DEPARTMENTS AND ACROSS THE 1503 00:54:15,080 --> 00:54:17,880 ORGANIZATION AND ALSO WITH 1504 00:54:17,880 --> 00:54:19,680 EXTERNAL PARTNERS, BY COUNTRY 1505 00:54:19,680 --> 00:54:21,520 NEEDS AND PRIORITIES AND SUPPORT 1506 00:54:21,520 --> 00:54:22,720 THEM TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF 1507 00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:26,600 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1508 00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:27,160 GOAL. 1509 00:54:27,160 --> 00:54:29,000 REGARDING NUTRITION WORK, I 1510 00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:30,920 THINK DECISIONS ARE MADE BASED 1511 00:54:30,920 --> 00:54:32,520 ON THE DEMAND FROM THE MEMBER 1512 00:54:32,520 --> 00:54:34,920 STATES, MAINLY FROM THE DEMANDS 1513 00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:38,360 BY THE MEMBER STATES AS WELL AS 1514 00:54:38,360 --> 00:54:38,720 NEED. 1515 00:54:38,720 --> 00:54:40,960 THE COUNTRY SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 1516 00:54:40,960 --> 00:54:42,120 INCLUDING PROVIDING TECHNICAL 1517 00:54:42,120 --> 00:54:45,880 SUPPORT TO COUNTRIES, ARE 1518 00:54:45,880 --> 00:54:49,960 LARGELY BASED ON THE REQUESTS OF 1519 00:54:49,960 --> 00:54:50,240 COUNTRIES. 1520 00:54:50,240 --> 00:54:51,080 WHILE STRENGTHENING NUTRITION 1521 00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,440 INFORMATION SYSTEM WHO IS THE 1522 00:54:53,440 --> 00:54:55,400 CONTINUOUS DEMAND OF SEVERAL 1523 00:54:55,400 --> 00:54:57,040 MEMBER STATES, THE USEFULNESS OF 1524 00:54:57,040 --> 00:55:02,160 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TOOLS FOR 1525 00:55:02,160 --> 00:55:03,240 GLOBAL MONITORING, POLICIES AND 1526 00:55:03,240 --> 00:55:06,920 LEGISLATION SUCH AS MARKETING 1527 00:55:06,920 --> 00:55:08,000 BMAs, SUGAR SWEETENED 1528 00:55:08,000 --> 00:55:12,400 BEVERAGE, REDUCTION OF SALTS AND 1529 00:55:12,400 --> 00:55:13,920 TRANS[INDISCERNIBLE], ET CETERA 1530 00:55:13,920 --> 00:55:15,320 ARE MAINLY NEED BASED. 1531 00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:18,200 IN RELATION TO MONITORING, I 1532 00:55:18,200 --> 00:55:20,520 WOULD LIKE TO MEPGZ THAT WE HAVE 1533 00:55:20,520 --> 00:55:23,200 AN ADVISORY GROUP CALLED 1534 00:55:23,200 --> 00:55:25,040 TECHNICAL EXPERT ADVISORY GROUP 1535 00:55:25,040 --> 00:55:33,640 ON NUTRITION MONITORING WHICH IS 1536 00:55:33,640 --> 00:55:36,720 KNOWN AS [INDISCERNIBLE], AND 1537 00:55:36,720 --> 00:55:38,960 THIS IS W. H. O. GROUP, AND IT 1538 00:55:38,960 --> 00:55:41,720 IS NOT VERY STRAIGHT FORWARD, 1539 00:55:41,720 --> 00:55:45,360 BUT THE TEAM WORK PLAN IS A GOOD 1540 00:55:45,360 --> 00:55:47,600 EXAMPLE OF HYBRID MODEL OF 1541 00:55:47,600 --> 00:55:51,720 DEMAND AND NEED BASED ON 1542 00:55:51,720 --> 00:55:53,360 POSITION, MAKING FOR PROPRIETARY 1543 00:55:53,360 --> 00:55:53,560 AREAS. 1544 00:55:53,560 --> 00:55:56,040 THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF TEAM WORK 1545 00:55:56,040 --> 00:55:58,040 WAS PLANNED MAINLY TO DEVELOP 1546 00:55:58,040 --> 00:56:01,360 OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE FOR GLOBAL 1547 00:56:01,360 --> 00:56:02,880 MONITORING FRAMEWORK, AND ALSO 1548 00:56:02,880 --> 00:56:04,640 THE RULES FOR TRACKING PROGRESS 1549 00:56:04,640 --> 00:56:06,840 TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF 1550 00:56:06,840 --> 00:56:10,920 NUTRITION, THE GLOBAL NUTRITION 1551 00:56:10,920 --> 00:56:11,160 TARGETS. 1552 00:56:11,160 --> 00:56:11,760 >> THANK YOU. 1553 00:56:11,760 --> 00:56:13,120 >> AND THE DEMAND FROM THE 1554 00:56:13,120 --> 00:56:14,880 MEMBERS STATEMENT FROM THAT TIME 1555 00:56:14,880 --> 00:56:17,040 BUT OVERTIME TEAMS CURRENT 1556 00:56:17,040 --> 00:56:19,240 WORKPLACE INCLUDED SEVERAL ITEMS 1557 00:56:19,240 --> 00:56:21,840 THAT ARE BASICALLY THE NEED FOR 1558 00:56:21,840 --> 00:56:24,080 THE PRESENT TIME TO FULFILL THE 1559 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:27,840 GAPS IN NUTRITION PROJECTION 1560 00:56:27,840 --> 00:56:28,120 MONITORING. 1561 00:56:28,120 --> 00:56:33,920 >> SO THIS IS ALL WHAT I CAN 1562 00:56:33,920 --> 00:56:35,680 SAY, I DON'T KNOW IF THESE IS 1563 00:56:35,680 --> 00:56:37,560 USEFUL FOR W. H. O.'S DECISION 1564 00:56:37,560 --> 00:56:39,080 MAKING PROGRESS OR IF IT'S MORE 1565 00:56:39,080 --> 00:56:41,120 CONFUSION, SO THANK YOU VERY 1566 00:56:41,120 --> 00:56:42,280 MUCH FOR THE OPPORTUNITY AGAIN. 1567 00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:45,120 I LOOK FORWARD TO LEARNING ABOUT 1568 00:56:45,120 --> 00:56:48,360 THIS GROUP MORE. 1569 00:56:48,360 --> 00:56:48,720 >> THANK YOU. 1570 00:56:48,720 --> 00:56:50,720 THANK YOU FOR ENGAGING ON THESE 1571 00:56:50,720 --> 00:56:52,120 TOPICS, I'M GETTING A MESSAGE 1572 00:56:52,120 --> 00:56:53,840 THAT WE HAVE TIME TO GO BACK TO 1573 00:56:53,840 --> 00:57:00,240 EACH OF OUR PRESENTERS FOR A 1 1574 00:57:00,240 --> 00:57:00,600 MINUTE FEEDBACK. 1575 00:57:00,600 --> 00:57:04,040 SO I'M GOING TO ASK YOU, I THINK 1576 00:57:04,040 --> 00:57:06,320 IN AN EARLIER E-MAIL WE ASK YOU 1577 00:57:06,320 --> 00:57:08,160 IF YOU COULD FROM YOUR AGENCY 1578 00:57:08,160 --> 00:57:10,960 PERSPECTIVE, IESHES DENTIFY THE 1579 00:57:10,960 --> 00:57:12,600 1 KEY OUTPUT FROM BOND KIDS THAT 1580 00:57:12,600 --> 00:57:15,360 YOU THOUGHT MIGHT BE MOST 1581 00:57:15,360 --> 00:57:17,920 IMPORTANT TO YOUR WORK GOING 1582 00:57:17,920 --> 00:57:19,360 FORWARD. 1583 00:57:19,360 --> 00:57:23,720 THE 1 KEY OUTPUT AND AND IF WE 1584 00:57:23,720 --> 00:57:25,000 COULD DO THAT IN A MINUTE, THAT 1585 00:57:25,000 --> 00:57:25,840 WOULD BE GREAT AND I WILL ASK 1586 00:57:25,840 --> 00:57:27,320 YOU TO DO THAT IN THE ORD 1587 00:57:27,320 --> 00:57:29,600 THEY'RE YOU SPOKE, SO THAT'S 1588 00:57:29,600 --> 00:57:32,000 STARTING THEN WITH DIANE, IF I 1589 00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:35,120 CAN ASK YOU TO ANSWER THAT 1590 00:57:35,120 --> 00:57:35,600 QUESTION, PLEASE. 1591 00:57:35,600 --> 00:57:36,760 >> THANK YOU DON AND THANKS 1592 00:57:36,760 --> 00:57:38,720 EVERYBODY FOR THE EXCELLENT 1593 00:57:38,720 --> 00:57:39,240 PRESENTATIONS. 1594 00:57:39,240 --> 00:57:40,400 I LIKE ALL THE SYNERGY THAT 1595 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:44,920 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE, SO FOR US 1596 00:57:44,920 --> 00:57:46,360 IN THE [INDISCERNIBLE], I THINK 1597 00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:48,920 THE KEY OUTCOME OF INTEREST IS 1598 00:57:48,920 --> 00:57:50,440 THE ABILITY TO MEASURE 1599 00:57:50,440 --> 00:57:51,160 NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INDIVIDUAL 1600 00:57:51,160 --> 00:57:52,440 CHILDREN AND THAT WOULD ALSO 1601 00:57:52,440 --> 00:57:54,200 ALLOW US TO UNDERSTAND MORE AT 1602 00:57:54,200 --> 00:57:56,880 THE SCHOOL POPULATION LEVEL, HOW 1603 00:57:56,880 --> 00:57:58,840 THE CHILDREN ARE DOING, AT THE 1604 00:57:58,840 --> 00:58:01,800 START AND THEN THE ABILITY TO 1605 00:58:01,800 --> 00:58:03,680 REFINE HOW WE DESIGN THE PROGRAM 1606 00:58:03,680 --> 00:58:06,560 BASED ON THAT KNOWLEDGE AND THEN 1607 00:58:06,560 --> 00:58:08,320 TO EVENTUALLY MEASURE OUTCOMES 1608 00:58:08,320 --> 00:58:10,920 OF INTEREST SUCH AS NUTRITIONAL 1609 00:58:10,920 --> 00:58:14,840 STATUS AND SO FORTH, SO, THAT 1610 00:58:14,840 --> 00:58:16,280 ACTUALLY WAS THE INITIAL REASON 1611 00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:17,520 THAT WE'RE VERY INTERESTED IN 1612 00:58:17,520 --> 00:58:18,920 ENGAGING IN THIS WORK. 1613 00:58:18,920 --> 00:58:20,840 SO, THAT IS REALLY--THERE ARE A 1614 00:58:20,840 --> 00:58:22,920 LOT OF OTHER THINGS THAT ARE OF 1615 00:58:22,920 --> 00:58:24,840 INTEREST TO US BUT ISSUES 1616 00:58:24,840 --> 00:58:25,440 SPECIALLY THAT. 1617 00:58:25,440 --> 00:58:26,520 >> GREAT. 1618 00:58:26,520 --> 00:58:26,720 SUPER. 1619 00:58:26,720 --> 00:58:27,520 SUPER DIANE. 1620 00:58:27,520 --> 00:58:29,840 I'M GOING TO ASK DEEPIKA TO 1621 00:58:29,840 --> 00:58:35,920 ANSWER THE SAME QUESTION, 1622 00:58:35,920 --> 00:58:36,320 PLEASE. 1623 00:58:36,320 --> 00:58:36,560 >> SURE. 1624 00:58:36,560 --> 00:58:38,280 I FEEL THAT ALL OF US ARE GOING 1625 00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:41,360 TO EQUAL SIMILAR THINGS BECAUSE 1626 00:58:41,360 --> 00:58:46,800 WE ALL ARE INTERESTED IN 1627 00:58:46,800 --> 00:58:47,840 PROGRAMMATIC IMPROVEMENT BUT 1 1628 00:58:47,840 --> 00:58:49,680 KEY FROM OUR SITE IS THAT SINCE 1629 00:58:49,680 --> 00:58:53,000 WE HAVE OBSERVED THAT THERE IS A 1630 00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:55,240 MISMATCH IN NOMENCLATURE OF EACH 1631 00:58:55,240 --> 00:58:58,560 CATEGORY, LIKE DEFINING MIDDLE 1632 00:58:58,560 --> 00:58:59,600 CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENTS, AND 1633 00:58:59,600 --> 00:59:00,960 ADULTHOOD WHICH CREATES A LOT OF 1634 00:59:00,960 --> 00:59:02,760 CONFUSION AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL, 1635 00:59:02,760 --> 00:59:03,840 ESPECIALLY AMONG THE GOVERNMENTS 1636 00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:05,480 OF THE PARTNERS, FOR INSTANCE 1637 00:59:05,480 --> 00:59:09,120 THE W. H. O. DEFINES ADOLESCENT 1638 00:59:09,120 --> 00:59:13,280 ENDING AT 19 YEARS AND IN SOME 1639 00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:14,600 COUNTRIES WHAT STARTED AT 18 1640 00:59:14,600 --> 00:59:17,440 YEARS WHICH MEANS THAT SOMETIMES 1641 00:59:17,440 --> 00:59:20,320 ADULT BMI MAY BE APPLIED TO THIS 1642 00:59:20,320 --> 00:59:23,720 AGE GROUP AND IN ADDITION, MANY 1643 00:59:23,720 --> 00:59:25,440 GLOBAL ESTIMATES MAY BE APPLIED 1644 00:59:25,440 --> 00:59:27,400 TO THE ADOLESCENT POPULATION, SO 1645 00:59:27,400 --> 00:59:32,000 THERE'S A HUGE MISMATCH AND I 1646 00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:33,320 THINK 1 EXPECTED--1 REQUEST 1647 00:59:33,320 --> 00:59:35,760 EXPECTED OUTCOME WOULD BE TO 1648 00:59:35,760 --> 00:59:37,520 ALIGN DEFINITION AND CUT OFFS, 1649 00:59:37,520 --> 00:59:39,080 SO THAT COUNTRIES HAVE MORE 1650 00:59:39,080 --> 00:59:42,800 DIRECTION AND GOVERNMENTS ARE 1651 00:59:42,800 --> 00:59:45,120 ABLE TO INCORPORATE THOSE 1652 00:59:45,120 --> 00:59:46,480 STANDARDIZE CUT-OFFS INTO THE 1653 00:59:46,480 --> 00:59:49,880 MONITORING TOOLS AND EVALUATION 1654 00:59:49,880 --> 00:59:51,120 TOOLS. 1655 00:59:51,120 --> 00:59:52,160 OVER, THANKS, DON. 1656 00:59:52,160 --> 00:59:53,720 >> SUPER, THAT'S VERY HELPFUL 1657 00:59:53,720 --> 00:59:57,240 PIECE OF GUIDANCE, MUCH 1658 00:59:57,240 --> 00:59:57,520 APPRECIATED. 1659 00:59:57,520 --> 00:59:57,760 CARMEN? 1660 00:59:57,760 --> 00:59:59,400 >> I JUST FIRST OF ALL WANT TO 1661 00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:03,240 ECHO BOTH DIANE AND DEEPIKA'S 1662 01:00:03,240 --> 01:00:05,200 COMMENTS SO I WON'T REPEATA THAT 1663 01:00:05,200 --> 01:00:06,520 SIDE, MAYBE I JUDGE UTV WANT TO 1664 01:00:06,520 --> 01:00:09,840 SAY ALSO ON BEHALF OF THE 1665 01:00:09,840 --> 01:00:11,120 OPERATIONAL AGENCIES HERE, WE DO 1666 01:00:11,120 --> 01:00:13,560 NEED TO BE ABLE TO MEASURE THE 1667 01:00:13,560 --> 01:00:15,120 NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL 1668 01:00:15,120 --> 01:00:16,520 AGED CHILDREN OF ADOLESCENTS BUT 1669 01:00:16,520 --> 01:00:18,920 IN SUCH A WAY THAT IS PRACTICAL 1670 01:00:18,920 --> 01:00:21,360 TO BE DONE ESPECIALLY IN LOW 1671 01:00:21,360 --> 01:00:25,200 INCOME CONTEXT AND FRAGILE 1672 01:00:25,200 --> 01:00:25,520 CONTEXTS. 1673 01:00:25,520 --> 01:00:28,320 SO ASIDE FROM INDICATORS AND 1674 01:00:28,320 --> 01:00:30,800 THAT COULD BE MEASURED IN 1675 01:00:30,800 --> 01:00:33,120 VARIOUS WAYS, WE HOPE THAT THE 1676 01:00:33,120 --> 01:00:36,400 PRACTICALITY OF THIS AND THE 1677 01:00:36,400 --> 01:00:40,720 ARBSORBING THIS IN LOW CAPACITY 1678 01:00:40,720 --> 01:00:41,720 SETTINGS IS CONSIDERED. 1679 01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:42,160 THANK YOU. 1680 01:00:42,160 --> 01:00:43,640 >> SUPER THAT HAD EXTRA 1681 01:00:43,640 --> 01:00:47,520 DIMENSION TO IT. 1682 01:00:47,520 --> 01:00:47,920 CAITLIN? 1683 01:00:47,920 --> 01:00:49,440 >> SURE, I ECHO WHAT OTHER FOLKS 1684 01:00:49,440 --> 01:00:50,600 HAVE SHARED, I THINK THAT WOULD 1685 01:00:50,600 --> 01:00:54,120 BENEFIT US AS WELL AND IT WOULD 1686 01:00:54,120 --> 01:00:55,640 JUST ADD MEASURES THAT WOULD 1687 01:00:55,640 --> 01:00:58,920 ALLOW US TO ARK SESES POLICIES, 1688 01:00:58,920 --> 01:00:59,720 PRACTICES, AND NUTRITIONAL 1689 01:00:59,720 --> 01:01:02,920 STATUS, AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1690 01:01:02,920 --> 01:01:04,840 LEVEL WOULD DEFINITELY BENEFIT 1691 01:01:04,840 --> 01:01:05,920 OUR WORK AS WELL. 1692 01:01:05,920 --> 01:01:15,440 >> SUPER, THANK YOU CAITLIN. 1693 01:01:15,440 --> 01:01:16,040 BIBI. 1694 01:01:16,040 --> 01:01:18,080 >> THANK YOU, DON. 1695 01:01:18,080 --> 01:01:19,920 I THINK--WE HAVE [INDISCERNIBLE] 1696 01:01:19,920 --> 01:01:23,040 SORT OF OUTPUT BUT 1 KEY OUTPUT 1697 01:01:23,040 --> 01:01:25,000 FORM FOR US, FOR ME, THAT IS 1698 01:01:25,000 --> 01:01:26,960 VERY IMPORTANT, YOU KNOW IS THE 1699 01:01:26,960 --> 01:01:32,520 FACT THAT WE NEED TO 1700 01:01:32,520 --> 01:01:33,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] PRODUCE MAKERS 1701 01:01:33,160 --> 01:01:35,560 AS WE WOULD LIKE TO BUILD 1702 01:01:35,560 --> 01:01:38,840 CAPACITY AND ALSO INSURING THAT 1703 01:01:38,840 --> 01:01:41,160 WE HAVE THE RIGHT ADVOCACY 1704 01:01:41,160 --> 01:01:41,480 APPROACHES. 1705 01:01:41,480 --> 01:01:44,200 ONE OF WHICH IS VERY IMPORTANT, 1706 01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:46,720 WORKING WITH THE PAN-AFRICAN 1707 01:01:46,720 --> 01:01:48,320 PARLIAMENT AND THE 1708 01:01:48,320 --> 01:01:50,120 PARLIAMENTARIANS THEREOF, TO 1709 01:01:50,120 --> 01:01:53,360 HELP US SHAPE AND YOU KNOW 1710 01:01:53,360 --> 01:01:56,720 INSURE THAT THERE ARE ADEQUATE 1711 01:01:56,720 --> 01:01:58,800 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS BASED ON THE 1712 01:01:58,800 --> 01:02:00,320 EVIDENCE THAT YOU ARE GOING TO 1713 01:02:00,320 --> 01:02:01,000 BE GENERATING. 1714 01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:02,040 THANK YOU NTHANK YOU. 1715 01:02:02,040 --> 01:02:06,320 AND AGAIN A VERY PRACTICAL 1716 01:02:06,320 --> 01:02:07,320 CONTRIBUTION. 1717 01:02:07,320 --> 01:02:08,640 KUNTALL, CAN YOU FINISH US OFF 1718 01:02:08,640 --> 01:02:09,400 ON THIS 1. 1719 01:02:09,400 --> 01:02:10,960 >> THANKS, I WILL ECHO THE OTHER 1720 01:02:10,960 --> 01:02:16,480 PANELISTS IN TERMS OF ANY 1721 01:02:16,480 --> 01:02:19,120 IMPROVEMENT IN MEASUREMENT OF, 1722 01:02:19,120 --> 01:02:21,080 YOU KNOW THE MEASUREMENT IN 1723 01:02:21,080 --> 01:02:23,240 PARTICULAR OF SCHOOL AGED 1724 01:02:23,240 --> 01:02:23,600 CHILDREN. 1725 01:02:23,600 --> 01:02:27,680 BECAUSE, THERE IS AN INDICATOR 1726 01:02:27,680 --> 01:02:30,320 THAT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN 1727 01:02:30,320 --> 01:02:31,160 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND 1728 01:02:31,160 --> 01:02:32,440 ADOLESCENTS BUT THERE ARE A LOT 1729 01:02:32,440 --> 01:02:36,320 OF PROBLEMS THAT COMES UP DUE TO 1730 01:02:36,320 --> 01:02:37,280 AVAILABILITY AND DEFINITION OF 1731 01:02:37,280 --> 01:02:41,160 THESE GROUPS, ET CETERA AND ANY 1732 01:02:41,160 --> 01:02:43,080 IMPROVEMENT IN THAT AREA WILL BE 1733 01:02:43,080 --> 01:02:46,640 REALLY USEFUL BECAUSE THIS IS 1 1734 01:02:46,640 --> 01:02:48,680 OF THE INDICATORS INTERMEDIATE 1735 01:02:48,680 --> 01:02:50,920 INDICATORS THAT IS INCLUDED IN 1736 01:02:50,920 --> 01:02:53,200 THE GLOBAL MONITORING FRAMEWORK 1737 01:02:53,200 --> 01:02:54,360 THAT INCLUDES THE GLOBAL 1738 01:02:54,360 --> 01:02:56,880 NUTRITION TARGETS TO BE ACHIEVED 1739 01:02:56,880 --> 01:02:58,560 BY 2025. 1740 01:02:58,560 --> 01:02:58,800 OVER. 1741 01:02:58,800 --> 01:02:59,120 >> GREAT. 1742 01:02:59,120 --> 01:03:03,320 THANK YOU SO MUCH AND I'M REALLY 1743 01:03:03,320 --> 01:03:05,880 STRUCK BY THE COINCIDENCE, THE 1744 01:03:05,880 --> 01:03:07,120 SYNERGY AMONGST THE VIEWS THAT 1745 01:03:07,120 --> 01:03:09,040 HAVE BEEN EXPRESSED THERE. 1746 01:03:09,040 --> 01:03:11,720 I THINK THAT'S A GREAT MENU, A 1747 01:03:11,720 --> 01:03:14,320 GREAT SHOPPING LIST FOR THE BOND 1748 01:03:14,320 --> 01:03:17,440 KIDS TEAM TO TAKE--TO TAKE 1749 01:03:17,440 --> 01:03:17,840 FORWARD. 1750 01:03:17,840 --> 01:03:19,560 THIS HAS BEEN A REALLY GOOD 1751 01:03:19,560 --> 01:03:19,800 SESSION. 1752 01:03:19,800 --> 01:03:21,400 I'VE APPRECIATED ALL OF THE 1753 01:03:21,400 --> 01:03:24,320 INPUTS FROM THE DIFFERENT 1754 01:03:24,320 --> 01:03:25,120 AGENCIES. 1755 01:03:25,120 --> 01:03:26,640 AND IT STARTS US OFF AS I NOW 1756 01:03:26,640 --> 01:03:31,320 HAND OVER TO I THINK TO CONNIE 1757 01:03:31,320 --> 01:03:32,920 WEAVER, CHAIR OF THE WORKING 1758 01:03:32,920 --> 01:03:37,600 GROUP 1 TO LAUNCH THE BOND-KIDS 1759 01:03:37,600 --> 01:03:38,000 WORKSHOP SEQUENCE. 1760 01:03:38,000 --> 01:03:40,520 SO THANK YOU ALL FOR 1761 01:03:40,520 --> 01:03:42,120 PARTICIPATING, FIRST LET ME 1762 01:03:42,120 --> 01:03:44,000 THANK ALL THE PANELISTS FOR 1763 01:03:44,000 --> 01:03:46,320 MAKING THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS AND 1764 01:03:46,320 --> 01:03:48,520 FOR FITTING INTO THIS VERY TIGHT 1765 01:03:48,520 --> 01:03:50,280 TIME SCHEDULE, VERY MUCH 1766 01:03:50,280 --> 01:03:50,560 APPRECIATED. 1767 01:03:50,560 --> 01:03:52,040 I KNOW YOU'VE ALL HAD TO GO AN 1768 01:03:52,040 --> 01:03:54,920 EXTRA MILE TO FIT IN ON THIS, 1769 01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:57,920 BUT THEN LET ME ALSO THANK ALL 1770 01:03:57,920 --> 01:03:59,400 THOSE WHO JOINED US ONLINE AND 1771 01:03:59,400 --> 01:04:02,720 THEN NOW HAND IT OVER TO CONNIE 1772 01:04:02,720 --> 01:04:05,080 TO TAKE US FORWARD INTO THE 1773 01:04:05,080 --> 01:04:10,120 WORKSHOP 1 SESSION. 1774 01:04:10,120 --> 01:04:10,720 THANK YOU. 1775 01:04:10,720 --> 01:04:11,200 >> THANK YOU, DON. 1776 01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:13,680 THIS WAS A VERY WONDERFUL 1777 01:04:13,680 --> 01:04:13,920 SESSION. 1778 01:04:13,920 --> 01:04:16,880 I ORIGINALLY HAD ON THE AGENDA 1779 01:04:16,880 --> 01:04:21,720 THAT DAN AND ALLISON WERE GOING 1780 01:04:21,720 --> 01:04:23,960 TO DO AN INTRODUCTION, THEY JUST 1781 01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:25,160 HAD AN HOURE TO INTRODUCE, SO 1782 01:04:25,160 --> 01:04:26,600 DAN DID YOU WANT TO SAY ANYTHING 1783 01:04:26,600 --> 01:04:27,680 BEFORE WE GET STARTED. 1784 01:04:27,680 --> 01:04:31,120 >> ALL I WANT TO SAY IS TO THANK 1785 01:04:31,120 --> 01:04:32,760 DON AND THE PANEL FOR GETTING US 1786 01:04:32,760 --> 01:04:35,120 OFF TO A GREAT START. 1787 01:04:35,120 --> 01:04:37,280 WHAT WAS SHARED BY THE PANEL IS 1788 01:04:37,280 --> 01:04:38,720 OPEN FOR CONVERSATION AS WE MOVE 1789 01:04:38,720 --> 01:04:40,720 FORWARD, WE DIDN'T HAVE A LOT OF 1790 01:04:40,720 --> 01:04:41,920 OPPORTUNITY TO GET QUESTIONS 1791 01:04:41,920 --> 01:04:47,120 FROM THE CHAT ROOM OR FROM THE 1792 01:04:47,120 --> 01:04:48,720 PUBLIC FACING WEBINAR. 1793 01:04:48,720 --> 01:04:51,160 BUT WE--WE ARE VERY ANXIOUS TO 1794 01:04:51,160 --> 01:04:55,120 CONTINUE TO ENGAGE ALL THE 1795 01:04:55,120 --> 01:04:55,800 PANELISTS MOVING FORWARD. 1796 01:04:55,800 --> 01:04:57,360 THIS NEXT STEP IS GOING TO BE 1797 01:04:57,360 --> 01:04:59,520 THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF 4 THAT 1798 01:04:59,520 --> 01:05:01,360 WE'VE DISCUSSED, THIS IS WORKING 1799 01:05:01,360 --> 01:05:04,400 GROUP 1, AGAIN WE TALKED ABOUT 1800 01:05:04,400 --> 01:05:07,000 THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL 1801 01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:07,240 ECOLOGY. 1802 01:05:07,240 --> 01:05:08,360 CONNIE WEAVER IS SHARING WORKING 1803 01:05:08,360 --> 01:05:10,720 GROUP 1 WHICH IS FOCUSED ON 1804 01:05:10,720 --> 01:05:12,600 INTERNAL ECOLOGY, THAT IS THE 1805 01:05:12,600 --> 01:05:13,760 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL 1806 01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:14,800 STATUS AND SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL 1807 01:05:14,800 --> 01:05:18,040 DOMAIN, SO I WILL TURN IT OVER 1808 01:05:18,040 --> 01:05:18,920 TO CONNIE UNLESS DREW HAS 1809 01:05:18,920 --> 01:05:23,960 ANYTHING ELSE TO ADD 1810 01:05:23,960 --> 01:05:24,520 LOGISTICALLY OR OTHERWISE. 1811 01:05:24,520 --> 01:05:26,920 >> I ALSO WANT TO ECHO MY 1812 01:05:26,920 --> 01:05:27,880 PROFOUND APPRECIATION AND 1813 01:05:27,880 --> 01:05:29,520 GRATITUDE FOR TON AND EVERYONE 1814 01:05:29,520 --> 01:05:31,920 WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE LAST 1815 01:05:31,920 --> 01:05:35,280 HOUR; YOU KNOW OUR GOAL IS TO 1816 01:05:35,280 --> 01:05:37,560 MAKE THIS MATTER, SO WE REALLY 1817 01:05:37,560 --> 01:05:38,960 DO APPRECIATE THE INPUT. 1818 01:05:38,960 --> 01:05:41,400 FOR THOSE ATTENDING VIA 1819 01:05:41,400 --> 01:05:42,680 VIDEOCAST, PLEASE DO FEEL FREE 1820 01:05:42,680 --> 01:05:44,400 TO SUBMIT COMMENTS AND 1821 01:05:44,400 --> 01:05:44,680 QUESTIONS. 1822 01:05:44,680 --> 01:05:46,520 IF WE CAN'T GET TO THEM IN 1823 01:05:46,520 --> 01:05:49,120 REALTIME, I WANT TO ASSURE YOU 1824 01:05:49,120 --> 01:05:50,440 THAT THEY'RE BEING CAPTURED AND 1825 01:05:50,440 --> 01:05:53,600 AS WE MOVE FORWARD, WE WILL TRY 1826 01:05:53,600 --> 01:05:56,920 TO ADDRESS THOSE AND MAKE SURE 1827 01:05:56,920 --> 01:05:58,160 TO ADDRESS THEM AS WE WILL 1828 01:05:58,160 --> 01:05:59,040 REPORT BACK. 1829 01:05:59,040 --> 01:06:01,960 WE TAKE YOUR COMMENTS AND YOUR 1830 01:06:01,960 --> 01:06:02,720 QUESTIONS AND THEY'RE VERY 1831 01:06:02,720 --> 01:06:05,000 IMPORTANT TO US THAT WE HEAR 1832 01:06:05,000 --> 01:06:05,520 FROM YOU. 1833 01:06:05,520 --> 01:06:09,040 AND WITH THAT, AGAIN, I JUST 1834 01:06:09,040 --> 01:06:10,240 WANT TO THANK DAN FOR LAUNCHING 1835 01:06:10,240 --> 01:06:11,240 THIS PROJECT AND FOR GETTING US 1836 01:06:11,240 --> 01:06:12,920 TO WHERE WE ARE TODAY. 1837 01:06:12,920 --> 01:06:14,360 CONNIE, I WILL PASS IT BACK TO 1838 01:06:14,360 --> 01:06:14,640 YOU. 1839 01:06:14,640 --> 01:06:14,920 >> GREAT. 1840 01:06:14,920 --> 01:06:19,920 DO YOU SEE MY SLIDE OF THE 1841 01:06:19,920 --> 01:06:20,400 WORKING GROUP MEMBERS. 1842 01:06:20,400 --> 01:06:21,880 YES, GREAT, I WAS HOPING THAT 1843 01:06:21,880 --> 01:06:22,120 WORKED. 1844 01:06:22,120 --> 01:06:25,320 WELL IT'S SUCH A PRIVILEGE TO BE 1845 01:06:25,320 --> 01:06:26,800 HERE AND A PRIVILEGE TO WORK 1846 01:06:26,800 --> 01:06:28,120 WITH THIS WONDERFUL SET OF 1847 01:06:28,120 --> 01:06:32,520 COMMITTEE MEMBERS THAT YOU SEE 1848 01:06:32,520 --> 01:06:33,680 ON THE SCREEN. 1849 01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:34,600 THEIR BIOGRAPHIES ARE AVAILABLE 1850 01:06:34,600 --> 01:06:36,800 BUT YOU WILL HEAR DIRECTLY FROM 1851 01:06:36,800 --> 01:06:39,480 MANY OF THEM, MOST OF THEM 1852 01:06:39,480 --> 01:06:41,520 ACTUALLY. 1853 01:06:41,520 --> 01:06:43,760 WE HAVE BEEN WORKING DILIGENTLY 1854 01:06:43,760 --> 01:06:48,560 TO GET STARTED ON OUR ASSIGNMENT 1855 01:06:48,560 --> 01:06:58,200 WITH GREAT GUIDANCE FROM DAN 1856 01:06:58,200 --> 01:06:59,360 RAITEN, ALLISON STEIBER AND 1857 01:06:59,360 --> 01:07:00,360 CHRISTINA [INDISCERNIBLE]. 1858 01:07:00,360 --> 01:07:01,920 SO APPRECIATE THEM. 1859 01:07:01,920 --> 01:07:03,080 OUR REPORT OUTLINE IN DRAFT FORM 1860 01:07:03,080 --> 01:07:06,680 IS GOING TO BE IN THE NEXT 1861 01:07:06,680 --> 01:07:07,160 SEVERAL SLIDES. 1862 01:07:07,160 --> 01:07:09,280 AND I HOPE THAT MEMBERS OF OTHER 1863 01:07:09,280 --> 01:07:11,800 WORKING GROUPS AND WHAT NOT WILL 1864 01:07:11,800 --> 01:07:14,240 GIVE US FEEDBACK FOR IF THERE'S 1865 01:07:14,240 --> 01:07:16,160 ANYTHING THAT YOU SEE 1866 01:07:16,160 --> 01:07:17,920 DIFFERENTLY THAT WE SHOULD 1867 01:07:17,920 --> 01:07:18,160 CONSIDER. 1868 01:07:18,160 --> 01:07:22,200 SO OF COURSE WE WILL START WITH 1869 01:07:22,200 --> 01:07:22,840 JUSTIFICATION, SCOPE AND 1870 01:07:22,840 --> 01:07:25,320 ORIENTATION OF THE REPORT THAT 1871 01:07:25,320 --> 01:07:26,960 WILL CONSIDER THINGS FROM THE 1872 01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:30,960 U.S. PERSPECTIVE AND THEN 1873 01:07:30,960 --> 01:07:32,640 GLOBALLY AND-- 1874 01:07:32,640 --> 01:07:33,040 >> CONNIE? 1875 01:07:33,040 --> 01:07:33,320 >> YES. 1876 01:07:33,320 --> 01:07:34,640 >> IT'S PROBABLY MY FAULT, WE 1877 01:07:34,640 --> 01:07:35,720 SHOULD HAVE PROBABLY MADE IT 1878 01:07:35,720 --> 01:07:38,120 CLEAR WHAT THESE WORKING GROUPS 1879 01:07:38,120 --> 01:07:39,480 MEETINGS ARE INTENDED TO 1880 01:07:39,480 --> 01:07:41,560 ACCOMPLISH, SO JUST A COUPLE OF 1881 01:07:41,560 --> 01:07:42,520 BRIEF STATEMENTS ABOUT THAT, 1882 01:07:42,520 --> 01:07:43,800 CONNIE GOING TO AND HER GROUP 1883 01:07:43,800 --> 01:07:46,120 WILL GO THROUGH THE OUTLINE FOR 1884 01:07:46,120 --> 01:07:46,720 THE REPORT. 1885 01:07:46,720 --> 01:07:50,720 EACH OF THE WORKING GROUPS THAT 1886 01:07:50,720 --> 01:07:51,480 WE'VE IDENTIFIED, THE 4 WORKING 1887 01:07:51,480 --> 01:07:53,000 GROUPS WILL BE DEVELOPING A 1888 01:07:53,000 --> 01:07:53,280 REPORT. 1889 01:07:53,280 --> 01:07:54,800 THEY'VE GONE THROUGH A PROCESS, 1890 01:07:54,800 --> 01:07:56,440 AND THESE WORKSHOPS ARE INTENDED 1891 01:07:56,440 --> 01:07:57,920 TO SUPPORT THAT PROCESS, IT'S 1892 01:07:57,920 --> 01:08:00,480 NOT END OF THE PROCESS, IT'S 1893 01:08:00,480 --> 01:08:04,280 JUST THAT, YOU KNOW PART OF THE 1894 01:08:04,280 --> 01:08:04,520 PROCESS. 1895 01:08:04,520 --> 01:08:05,560 SO THESE WORKSHOPS ARE INTENDED 1896 01:08:05,560 --> 01:08:08,120 FOR THE WORKING GROUPS TO GET 1897 01:08:08,120 --> 01:08:09,200 TOGETHER AMONGST THEMSELVES. 1898 01:08:09,200 --> 01:08:10,520 IT'S INTENDED FOR THE WORKING 1899 01:08:10,520 --> 01:08:11,680 GROUPS, ALL FORWARD GROUPS TO 1900 01:08:11,680 --> 01:08:13,440 HEAR FROM EACH OTHER SO TO 1901 01:08:13,440 --> 01:08:15,360 INFORM AND BE INFORMED BY EACH 1902 01:08:15,360 --> 01:08:17,120 OTHER SO THAT WE ARE 1903 01:08:17,120 --> 01:08:21,520 COMPREHENSIVE IN OUR COVERAGE, 1904 01:08:21,520 --> 01:08:22,480 AND ARE AVOIDING REDUNDANCY, SO 1905 01:08:22,480 --> 01:08:24,000 WHAT YOU WILL HEAR TODAY FROM 1906 01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:25,840 CONNIE AND HER TEAM IS WHAT 1907 01:08:25,840 --> 01:08:28,560 THEY'VE BEEN DOING TO DATE TO 1908 01:08:28,560 --> 01:08:29,240 DEVELOP THEIR REPORT. 1909 01:08:29,240 --> 01:08:31,440 SO THANK YOU CONNIE, SORRY. 1910 01:08:31,440 --> 01:08:33,160 >> YES, THANK YOU, DAN, AND SO 1911 01:08:33,160 --> 01:08:36,320 AS HE SAID, WE'RE AT THE 1912 01:08:36,320 --> 01:08:38,480 BEGINNING SO WE WELCOME INPUT. 1913 01:08:38,480 --> 01:08:41,120 THE WORKING GROUP CHAIRS HAVE 1914 01:08:41,120 --> 01:08:42,520 AGREED ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES 1915 01:08:42,520 --> 01:08:44,880 TO APPROACH AND WITH EACH OF OUR 1916 01:08:44,880 --> 01:08:47,840 SYSTEMS, WE GOING TO GIVE SOME 1917 01:08:47,840 --> 01:08:51,120 ATTENTION TO SEX AND RACE AND 1918 01:08:51,120 --> 01:08:53,760 ETHNICITY AND THE CLINICAL 1919 01:08:53,760 --> 01:08:54,520 VERSES HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, THEN 1920 01:08:54,520 --> 01:08:55,360 WE WILL COVER THE REEL KEEPSAKES 1921 01:08:55,360 --> 01:08:58,160 VAPT SYSTEMS AND YOU WILL HEAR 1922 01:08:58,160 --> 01:09:00,680 FROM THE OTHER WORKING GROUP 1923 01:09:00,680 --> 01:09:03,320 COMMITTEE MEMBERS ON THESE 1924 01:09:03,320 --> 01:09:04,400 VARIOUS AREAS, TODAY ON 1925 01:09:04,400 --> 01:09:09,120 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE GROWTH, 1926 01:09:09,120 --> 01:09:11,520 LINEAR DEVELOPMENT, BODY 1927 01:09:11,520 --> 01:09:12,880 COMPOSITION, NEURODEVELOPMENT, 1928 01:09:12,880 --> 01:09:14,200 INCLUDING COGNITION LEARNING, 1929 01:09:14,200 --> 01:09:16,360 BEHAVIOR, BIOLOGY OF THE EATING, 1930 01:09:16,360 --> 01:09:18,680 METABOLISM FROM A WHOLE BODY 1931 01:09:18,680 --> 01:09:22,720 POINT OF VIEW, THE GI FUNCTION 1932 01:09:22,720 --> 01:09:26,480 AND MICROBIOME, EXERCISE, 1933 01:09:26,480 --> 01:09:27,720 PHYSIOLOGY, WORK CAPACITY, 1934 01:09:27,720 --> 01:09:29,760 IMMUNO COMPETENCE, IMUMINGOLOGY 1935 01:09:29,760 --> 01:09:30,280 AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 1936 01:09:30,280 --> 01:09:31,360 WE ARE GOING TO COVER THE 1937 01:09:31,360 --> 01:09:33,360 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM, 1938 01:09:33,360 --> 01:09:36,280 RELATIVE TO NUTRITIONAL GAPS, 1939 01:09:36,280 --> 01:09:39,520 WE'RE GOING TO THINK ABOUT 1940 01:09:39,520 --> 01:09:41,720 PROMOTING HARMONIZED AVERAGE 1941 01:09:41,720 --> 01:09:42,680 REQUIREMENTS, IT'S EASIER THAN 1942 01:09:42,680 --> 01:09:44,880 TRYING TO ADDRESS ALL OF THE 1943 01:09:44,880 --> 01:09:47,160 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES POINT OF 1944 01:09:47,160 --> 01:09:49,640 VIEW, AND LINDSAY ALLEN'S BEEN 1945 01:09:49,640 --> 01:09:52,200 INVOLVED IN HELPING PROMOTE, 1946 01:09:52,200 --> 01:09:53,560 HARMONIZE AVERAGE REQUIREMENTS 1947 01:09:53,560 --> 01:09:54,920 DURING OUR DISCUSSION, SHE WILL 1948 01:09:54,920 --> 01:09:57,800 GIVE US A LITTLE PERSPECTIVE ON 1949 01:09:57,800 --> 01:09:58,120 THAT. 1950 01:09:58,120 --> 01:09:59,880 WE'RE GOING TO INCLUDE A 1951 01:09:59,880 --> 01:10:01,440 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR 1952 01:10:01,440 --> 01:10:02,600 UNDERSTANDING THE INTERSECTION 1953 01:10:02,600 --> 01:10:03,720 OF NUTRITION AND BIOLOGY AND 1954 01:10:03,720 --> 01:10:07,960 WRAP IT UP WITH SUMMARY AND 1955 01:10:07,960 --> 01:10:08,280 CONCLUSIONS. 1956 01:10:08,280 --> 01:10:11,400 THIS--THE NEXT 2 SLIDES SORT OF 1957 01:10:11,400 --> 01:10:14,840 ARE PICTORIAL VIEWS OF OUR 1958 01:10:14,840 --> 01:10:15,920 CONSENSUS FRAMEWORK. 1959 01:10:15,920 --> 01:10:19,040 SO IN THIS SLIDE, WE HAVE 1960 01:10:19,040 --> 01:10:21,680 SEVERAL CONCEPTS THAT WE'VE BEEN 1961 01:10:21,680 --> 01:10:22,520 DISCUSSING GREATLY IN OUR 1962 01:10:22,520 --> 01:10:24,520 WORKING GROUP AND WE WANT TO 1963 01:10:24,520 --> 01:10:27,240 PROJECT IN THE REPORT. 1964 01:10:27,240 --> 01:10:31,120 ALTHOUGH OUR ASSIGNMENT IS AGE 1965 01:10:31,120 --> 01:10:32,760 5-19, IT'S NOT IN ISOLATION, SO 1966 01:10:32,760 --> 01:10:35,280 WE ARE GOING TO POINT OUT THAT 1967 01:10:35,280 --> 01:10:38,040 THE FIRST THOUSAND DAYS, ARE 1968 01:10:38,040 --> 01:10:40,320 VERY CRITICAL FOR DEVELOPMENT 1969 01:10:40,320 --> 01:10:42,200 AND MATURATION OF MANY OF THIS 1970 01:10:42,200 --> 01:10:45,080 SYSTEM WITH ONLY SMALL INPUTS OF 1971 01:10:45,080 --> 01:10:45,760 PLASTICITY LATER. 1972 01:10:45,760 --> 01:10:55,120 AND THEN HAVE YOU THIS KIND OF 1973 01:10:55,120 --> 01:10:56,200 THIS PERIOD THAT'S PREPUBERTY 1974 01:10:56,200 --> 01:11:00,920 AND LOTS OF ACTION GOING ON 1975 01:11:00,920 --> 01:11:02,080 DURING THE PIEWBITTALIARYS IT 1976 01:11:02,080 --> 01:11:04,480 ALL DIFFERS BY SEX AND AGE AND 1977 01:11:04,480 --> 01:11:06,360 STATUS AND SO IT'S FLUID THESE 1978 01:11:06,360 --> 01:11:10,240 CUT OFFS AND THEN POST PUBERTY 1979 01:11:10,240 --> 01:11:13,400 AGAIN AS THE INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN 1980 01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:14,560 HAVE ACHIEVED PEAK BONE MASS SO 1981 01:11:14,560 --> 01:11:16,560 AT THE BOTTOM ARE THE SYSTEMS 1982 01:11:16,560 --> 01:11:32,560 THAT WE INTEND TO COVER IN OUR 1983 01:11:32,560 --> 01:11:33,800 REPORT AND--NOT THERE'S NOT 1984 01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:35,120 INTERACTION BUT MANY OF THESE 1985 01:11:35,120 --> 01:11:36,360 ARE WELL ESTABLISHED BY AGE 5 1986 01:11:36,360 --> 01:11:38,360 AND THEN HAVE YOU VERY RAPID 1987 01:11:38,360 --> 01:11:40,280 GROWTH DURING THE PIEWBITTAL 1988 01:11:40,280 --> 01:11:47,520 GROWTH SPURT AND THAT CAN REALLY 1989 01:11:47,520 --> 01:11:50,120 INFLUENCE THE BONE SYSTEM, 1990 01:11:50,120 --> 01:11:56,400 DEVELOPMENT, LINEAR GROWTH AND 1991 01:11:56,400 --> 01:11:58,440 MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT AND THEP POST 1992 01:11:58,440 --> 01:12:00,400 PUBERTY SEWHERE WE PUT THE 1993 01:12:00,400 --> 01:12:01,640 ASPECTS OF PIEWBITTAL HEALTH. 1994 01:12:01,640 --> 01:12:02,320 YOU'VE SEEN THIS EARLY FERRANDIS 1995 01:12:02,320 --> 01:12:04,640 DAN, THIS IS THE FIRST PART OF 1996 01:12:04,640 --> 01:12:06,640 THIS INTERACTIVE MODEL THAT 1997 01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:07,520 SHOWS NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1998 01:12:07,520 --> 01:12:14,320 INFLUENCES THESE OTHER SYSTEMS 1999 01:12:14,320 --> 01:12:15,800 BY THESE BROAD CATEGORIES AND 2000 01:12:15,800 --> 01:12:17,120 VICE VERSA, WE WILL ADDRESS 2001 01:12:17,120 --> 01:12:18,760 THOSE ISHT ACTIONS IN THE 2002 01:12:18,760 --> 01:12:20,960 CONTEXT OF DOUBLE BURDEN OF 2003 01:12:20,960 --> 01:12:24,160 DISEASE, THAT ALL COUNTRIES 2004 01:12:24,160 --> 01:12:26,560 ENCOUNTER, WHERE YOU HAVE UNDER 2005 01:12:26,560 --> 01:12:30,600 NUTRITION FOR SOME PARTS OF THE 2006 01:12:30,600 --> 01:12:31,360 POPULATION AND OVERNUTRITION FOR 2007 01:12:31,360 --> 01:12:32,760 OTHERS AND YOU MAY HAVE SOME 2008 01:12:32,760 --> 01:12:34,520 COMBINATION THAT PUTS YOU IN A 2009 01:12:34,520 --> 01:12:37,960 TRIPLE BURDEN WHERE YOU'RE NOT 2010 01:12:37,960 --> 01:12:39,560 SHORT OF CALORIES NECESSARILY 2011 01:12:39,560 --> 01:12:41,520 BUT YOU'RE SHORT OF 2012 01:12:41,520 --> 01:12:42,120 MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OR 2013 01:12:42,120 --> 01:12:44,280 YOU'RE SHORT OF CALORIES AND 2014 01:12:44,280 --> 01:12:45,520 YOU'RE SHORT OF MICRONUTRIENTS 2015 01:12:45,520 --> 01:12:50,120 AND THAT'S AN ADDITIONAL 2016 01:12:50,120 --> 01:12:50,360 PROBLEM. 2017 01:12:50,360 --> 01:12:53,920 SO THORS LAY THE STAGE FOR 2018 01:12:53,920 --> 01:12:54,920 AVERAGE NUTRIENT RIERPTS, THIS 2019 01:12:54,920 --> 01:13:00,320 FIGURE FROM 1 OF LINDSAY ALLEN'S 2020 01:13:00,320 --> 01:13:02,120 ARTICLES SHOWS THAT MOST 2021 01:13:02,120 --> 01:13:05,080 ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE THE 2022 01:13:05,080 --> 01:13:08,160 INTAKES FOR ADEQUACY USE SOME 2023 01:13:08,160 --> 01:13:09,640 VERSION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT, 2024 01:13:09,640 --> 01:13:17,040 THE EAR WITH THE IOM, OR AER FOR 2025 01:13:17,040 --> 01:13:18,920 EFSA, NASEM, ABOUT YOU IF WE CAN 2026 01:13:18,920 --> 01:13:19,960 HARMONIZE IT TO AN AVERAGE 2027 01:13:19,960 --> 01:13:20,960 REQUIREMENT AND THEN THE MARGIN 2028 01:13:20,960 --> 01:13:22,680 OF SAFETY THAT WILL COVER LIKE 2029 01:13:22,680 --> 01:13:29,800 98% OF THE POPULATION GIVES THE 2030 01:13:29,800 --> 01:13:30,680 RECOMMENDED INDIVIDUAL INTAKE 2031 01:13:30,680 --> 01:13:34,120 LEVEL AND IF YOU GET HIGHER THEN 2032 01:13:34,120 --> 01:13:42,720 HAVE YOU UPPER LEVEL RISKS OF 2033 01:13:42,720 --> 01:13:43,320 ADVERSE EFFECTS. 2034 01:13:43,320 --> 01:13:44,960 BUT CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE 2035 01:13:44,960 --> 01:13:46,200 BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOSOCIAL AND 2036 01:13:46,200 --> 01:13:48,400 COGNITIVE CHANGES THAT AFFECT 2037 01:13:48,400 --> 01:13:50,440 NUTRITIONAL STATUS, RAPID GROWTH 2038 01:13:50,440 --> 01:13:51,480 PERIODS INCREASE NUTRIENT NEEDS, 2039 01:13:51,480 --> 01:13:55,160 AND THEN YOU HAVE COMPLICATED 2040 01:13:55,160 --> 01:13:57,280 THIS BEHAVIORAL ASPECT WHERE 2041 01:13:57,280 --> 01:13:58,120 THERE'S A DESIRE FOR 2042 01:13:58,120 --> 01:13:59,800 INDEPENDENCE AND THAT'SENTIOUS 2043 01:13:59,800 --> 01:14:01,320 SPECIALLY STRONG IN ADOLESCENTS 2044 01:14:01,320 --> 01:14:04,040 WHICH MAY CAUSE ADOPTION OF 2045 01:14:04,040 --> 01:14:05,360 HEALTH COMPROMISING EATING 2046 01:14:05,360 --> 01:14:06,160 BEHAVIORS. 2047 01:14:06,160 --> 01:14:09,120 TO START WITH, THE NUTRITIONAL 2048 01:14:09,120 --> 01:14:12,360 PROFILE OF THE U.S., AND WE'LL 2049 01:14:12,360 --> 01:14:15,040 MOVE INTO GLOBAL, IN THE DARK 2050 01:14:15,040 --> 01:14:17,920 GREEN, YOU SEE DEFICIENCIES, 2051 01:14:17,920 --> 01:14:20,000 BELOW THE RECOMMENDED INTAKES 2052 01:14:20,000 --> 01:14:21,120 AND THE LIGHTER GREEN, THE 2053 01:14:21,120 --> 01:14:23,280 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION AT OR 2054 01:14:23,280 --> 01:14:26,320 ABOVE THE RECOMMENDATIONS, SO 2055 01:14:26,320 --> 01:14:29,640 YOU SEE VERY FEW PERCENT OF THE 2056 01:14:29,640 --> 01:14:31,560 POPULATION EXCEED THE 2057 01:14:31,560 --> 01:14:32,240 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VEGETABLES 2058 01:14:32,240 --> 01:14:36,280 FOR FRUIT AND DAIRY, MOSTLY 2059 01:14:36,280 --> 01:14:38,760 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND 2060 01:14:38,760 --> 01:14:41,120 BASICALLY ALL ADULTS FROM AGE 2 2061 01:14:41,120 --> 01:14:42,920 ARE WOEFULLY DEFICIENT IN THEIR 2062 01:14:42,920 --> 01:14:44,640 RECOMMENDED INTAKE OF THESE FOOD 2063 01:14:44,640 --> 01:14:44,960 GROUPS. 2064 01:14:44,960 --> 01:14:47,880 TOTAL GREENS WE MADE A BIT OF 2065 01:14:47,880 --> 01:14:51,520 IMPROVEMENT SINCE THE 2005 2066 01:14:51,520 --> 01:14:52,440 DIETARY GUIDELINES SWITCHING 2067 01:14:52,440 --> 01:14:54,520 SUMMARY BUT STILL INADEQUATE. 2068 01:14:54,520 --> 01:14:55,800 PROTEIN FOODS MUCH OF THE WORLD 2069 01:14:55,800 --> 01:14:59,560 IS ADEQUATE ALTHOUGH NOT ALL. 2070 01:14:59,560 --> 01:15:02,080 ONE STUDY THAT LOOKED AT THE 2071 01:15:02,080 --> 01:15:06,280 DIET IN AMERICAN CHILDREN AGE 2072 01:15:06,280 --> 01:15:10,920 8-18 IN THE U.S. EVALUATING THEM 2073 01:15:10,920 --> 01:15:13,240 BY DASH DIET SCORES WITH THESE 9 2074 01:15:13,240 --> 01:15:15,120 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES ON A SCALE 2075 01:15:15,120 --> 01:15:16,960 FROM 0 TO 9, SHOWED THAT THE 2076 01:15:16,960 --> 01:15:20,520 MEAN SCORES IN ALL OF THESE 2077 01:15:20,520 --> 01:15:24,440 RANGE FROM 1.48 TO 2.14, HOW 2078 01:15:24,440 --> 01:15:26,080 PATHETIC WHEN 9 IS IDEAL, IT'S 2079 01:15:26,080 --> 01:15:28,120 ALL LOW, AND WE DON'T REALLY 2080 01:15:28,120 --> 01:15:29,800 KNOW HOW TO WEIGHT THESE 2081 01:15:29,800 --> 01:15:31,320 DIFFERENT COMPONENTS WHICH ARE 2082 01:15:31,320 --> 01:15:32,800 THE MOST IMPORTANT, 2083 01:15:32,800 --> 01:15:35,360 SOPHISTICATEDY THERE'S A GAP IN 2084 01:15:35,360 --> 01:15:36,320 OUR KNOWLEDGE. 2085 01:15:36,320 --> 01:15:39,320 HERE'S ANOTHER LOOK AT 2086 01:15:39,320 --> 01:15:44,240 NUTRIENTS, THAT ARE ADEQUATE OR 2087 01:15:44,240 --> 01:15:45,520 INADEQUATE, POPULATION INTAKES 2088 01:15:45,520 --> 01:15:46,880 BELOW THE ESTIMATED AVERAGE 2089 01:15:46,880 --> 01:15:48,600 REQUIREMENT AND THE U.S. STILL, 2090 01:15:48,600 --> 01:15:52,720 SO VITAMINS D AND E ARE VERY 2091 01:15:52,720 --> 01:15:56,200 DEFICIENT ACCORDING TO THE 2092 01:15:56,200 --> 01:15:57,160 RECOMMENDATIONS, MAGNESIUM, 2093 01:15:57,160 --> 01:15:59,800 CALCIUM, VITAMIN A, C, ARE ALSO 2094 01:15:59,800 --> 01:16:03,240 NOT WHERE WE WOULD LIKE TO BE 2095 01:16:03,240 --> 01:16:04,400 AND SMALLER PROBLEMS WITH THE 2096 01:16:04,400 --> 01:16:07,120 REEOF THE EXCEPT FOR IN ISOLATED 2097 01:16:07,120 --> 01:16:07,400 POPULATIONS. 2098 01:16:07,400 --> 01:16:08,960 NOW TAKING A GLOBAL LOOK, I 2099 01:16:08,960 --> 01:16:12,320 WOULD LIKE THE DELTA MODEL 2100 01:16:12,320 --> 01:16:15,080 THAT'S OUT OF REDIT INSTITUTE AT 2101 01:16:15,080 --> 01:16:16,640 OF MASSIE UNIVERSITY IN 2102 01:16:16,640 --> 01:16:17,720 NEW ZEALAND THAT WAS RECENTLY 2103 01:16:17,720 --> 01:16:19,320 PUBLISHED AND WHAT THEY'RE 2104 01:16:19,320 --> 01:16:21,600 TRYING TO DO AND THIS SLIDE 2105 01:16:21,600 --> 01:16:23,120 DEPICTS THE ENERGY NUTRIENTS IN 2106 01:16:23,120 --> 01:16:27,520 A MOMENT, I WILL SHOW YOU 2107 01:16:27,520 --> 01:16:30,280 MICRONUTRIENTS, SOME EXAMPLES, 2108 01:16:30,280 --> 01:16:31,720 THEIR MODELING USING FAOSPIEZ 2109 01:16:31,720 --> 01:16:34,680 FOOD BALANCE SHEETS, WHAT IS THE 2110 01:16:34,680 --> 01:16:36,760 AVAILABILITY OF THESIS DIFFERENT 2111 01:16:36,760 --> 01:16:38,720 NUTRIENTS IN GLOBAL POPULATION. 2112 01:16:38,720 --> 01:16:40,160 AND IF YOU GO TO THEIR WEBSITE, 2113 01:16:40,160 --> 01:16:46,040 CAN YOU GET IT BY COUNTRY AS 2114 01:16:46,040 --> 01:16:47,240 WELL. 2115 01:16:47,240 --> 01:16:48,520 THE BLACK HORIZONTAL LINE SHOWS 2116 01:16:48,520 --> 01:16:52,120 YOU THE AVERAGE GLOBALLY AWAITED 2117 01:16:52,120 --> 01:16:54,240 AVERAGE VALUE, AND THE ERROR 2118 01:16:54,240 --> 01:16:56,440 BARS SHOW YOU THE UPPER AND 2119 01:16:56,440 --> 01:16:58,880 LOWER SAFE INTAKE VALUES, THEN 2120 01:16:58,880 --> 01:17:01,960 YOU HAVE THE COLOR CODE THAT 2121 01:17:01,960 --> 01:17:04,520 TELL YOU THE CATEGORIES OF FOODS 2122 01:17:04,520 --> 01:17:07,080 THAT SUPPLY THESE, SO THEY FIRST 2123 01:17:07,080 --> 01:17:09,120 MODELED THESE ENERGY NUTRIENTS 2124 01:17:09,120 --> 01:17:17,400 IN 2018, AND THEY ALSO HAVE 2125 01:17:17,400 --> 01:17:19,520 PROJECTED INTO 2030 BY THE 2126 01:17:19,520 --> 01:17:21,200 XEBTED INCREASE IN POPULATION, 2127 01:17:21,200 --> 01:17:25,400 SO, IN TERMS OF ENERGY 2128 01:17:25,400 --> 01:17:29,400 NUTRIENTS, WE ARE MEETING OUR 2129 01:17:29,400 --> 01:17:35,240 RECOMMENDATIONS BUT THAT'S 2130 01:17:35,240 --> 01:17:36,640 ASSUMING THAT YOU HAVE EQUAL 2131 01:17:36,640 --> 01:17:37,720 ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTION, BUT 2132 01:17:37,720 --> 01:17:39,680 THAT ISN'T THE CASE, BUT EVENT 2133 01:17:39,680 --> 01:17:41,560 BEYOND THAT LOOKING AT QUALITY, 2134 01:17:41,560 --> 01:17:43,680 LIMITING AMINE O ACIDS IS A 2135 01:17:43,680 --> 01:17:44,520 GLOBAL PROBLEM. 2136 01:17:44,520 --> 01:17:46,640 THERE'S A BIG GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL 2137 01:17:46,640 --> 01:17:49,000 AND PLANT PROTEINS, PARASITINGS 2138 01:17:49,000 --> 01:17:51,400 CAN INCREASE THE AMINO ARK SID 2139 01:17:51,400 --> 01:17:54,920 REQUIREMENTS, GUT INFLAMMATION, 2140 01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:55,640 REDUCES ABSORBAATIVE CAPACITY, 2141 01:17:55,640 --> 01:18:02,480 WE NEED TO CONSIDER ALL THESE 2142 01:18:02,480 --> 01:18:03,080 BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES LUCINE 2143 01:18:03,080 --> 01:18:04,520 ISSUE HAS THE STRONGEST 2144 01:18:04,520 --> 01:18:08,240 ASSOCIATION WITH LINEAR GROWTH 2145 01:18:08,240 --> 01:18:09,600 AND TRYPTOPHAN AFFECTS STUNTING 2146 01:18:09,600 --> 01:18:14,480 THE WORLD'S CHILDREN AND 2147 01:18:14,480 --> 01:18:15,440 INCREASES LYCINE BY TWEBT%. 2148 01:18:15,440 --> 01:18:18,280 IF YOU LOOK AT AMINO ACID AND 2149 01:18:18,280 --> 01:18:22,880 PROJECTIBILITY SCORES ON A SCALE 2150 01:18:22,880 --> 01:18:24,280 OF 0 TO 1. 2151 01:18:24,280 --> 01:18:26,760 ANIMAL PROTEINS AND FEW PLANT 2152 01:18:26,760 --> 01:18:28,480 PROTEINS LIKE SOY ARE CLOSE TO 2153 01:18:28,480 --> 01:18:34,160 THE IDEAL AMINO ACID PROFILE, OF 2154 01:18:34,160 --> 01:18:37,440 1 AND THEN HAVE YOU PROTEIN 2155 01:18:37,440 --> 01:18:38,280 SOURCES THAT SERVE MUCH THE 2156 01:18:38,280 --> 01:18:46,320 WORLD THAT ARE AS LOY AS HALF. 2157 01:18:46,320 --> 01:20:11,040 YOU CAN HAVE SOLUTIONS BY SO, 2158 01:20:11,040 --> 01:20:11,960 CALCIUM, WAS THE FIRST--BUT EVEN 2159 01:20:11,960 --> 01:20:14,080 IN COUNTRY WHERE IS YOU HAVE 2160 01:20:14,080 --> 01:20:15,520 HIGH TOTAL MILK COMSUMPTION, YOU 2161 01:20:15,520 --> 01:20:17,160 WOULD THINK THERE'S ADEQUATE 2162 01:20:17,160 --> 01:20:18,360 CALCIUM, THERE'S STILL SOME 2163 01:20:18,360 --> 01:20:25,800 POPULATIONS THAT ARE AT RISK, 2164 01:20:25,800 --> 01:20:31,120 INCLUDING 1 OF OUR ASK THAT CAN 2165 01:20:31,120 --> 01:20:32,080 HAVE CONSEQUENCES ISSUES 2166 01:20:32,080 --> 01:20:34,240 SPECIALLY WITH BONE, SO WE'VE 2167 01:20:34,240 --> 01:20:36,600 SEEN FIRST BY NEW ZEALAND IN 2168 01:20:36,600 --> 01:20:38,280 2004 THAT MILK AVOIDER CHILDREN 2169 01:20:38,280 --> 01:20:43,080 HAD IT MUCH HIGHER FRACTURE RISK 2170 01:20:43,080 --> 01:20:46,440 THAN THEIR BIRTH COHORTS THAT 2171 01:20:46,440 --> 01:20:47,920 WEREN'T MILL AVOIDERS. 2172 01:20:47,920 --> 01:20:48,920 LOOKING AT POTASSIUM AROUND THE 2173 01:20:48,920 --> 01:20:52,320 WORLD WITH THE RED BARS AS THE 2174 01:20:52,320 --> 01:20:54,680 ADEQUATE INTAKE FOR MALES AND 2175 01:20:54,680 --> 01:20:58,480 THE DASHED RED ADEQUATE INTAKE 2176 01:20:58,480 --> 01:21:01,520 FOR FEMALES AND COMPARE THAT 2177 01:21:01,520 --> 01:21:02,480 WITH 3500-MILLIGRAMS OF THE DAY 2178 01:21:02,480 --> 01:21:04,960 FOR THE W. H. O. RECOMMENDATION, 2179 01:21:04,960 --> 01:21:08,840 MOST OF THE COUNTRIES DO NOT 2180 01:21:08,840 --> 01:21:09,760 REACH THESE RECOMMENDATIONS AND 2181 01:21:09,760 --> 01:21:12,560 THE SAME WITH MAGNESIUM FOR 2182 01:21:12,560 --> 01:21:13,000 ADOLESCENTS. 2183 01:21:13,000 --> 01:21:16,000 BOYS IN BLUE ON TOP AND GIRL 2184 01:21:16,000 --> 01:21:18,000 ORANGE FOR GIRLS ON THE BOTTOM 2185 01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:23,160 WHERE THE AVERAGE IS IN THE 2186 01:21:23,160 --> 01:21:25,760 GREEN BAR, BOX AND THE DASH LINE 2187 01:21:25,760 --> 01:21:27,880 SHOW THE IOM RECOMMENDATION FOR 2188 01:21:27,880 --> 01:21:29,920 MAGNESIUM FOR BOYS AND GIRLS AND 2189 01:21:29,920 --> 01:21:32,760 MOST COUNTRIES FALL BELOW THAT. 2190 01:21:32,760 --> 01:21:37,360 VITAMIN D AROUND THE WORLD 2191 01:21:37,360 --> 01:21:39,520 GLOBALLY SHOWS ACCORDING TO 25 2192 01:21:39,520 --> 01:21:41,080 HYDROXY D VITAMIN STATUS, MANY 2193 01:21:41,080 --> 01:21:43,720 COUNTRIES DO NOT ACHIEVE THE 2194 01:21:43,720 --> 01:21:45,600 RECOMMENDED STATUS LEVELS AND 2195 01:21:45,600 --> 01:21:48,760 THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER 2196 01:21:48,760 --> 01:21:51,840 SEASONAL VARIATION LATITUDE, UV, 2197 01:21:51,840 --> 01:21:56,040 B RADIATION BY HABITS LIKE 2198 01:21:56,040 --> 01:21:58,520 COVERING OR SUNSCREEN OR EVERY 2199 01:21:58,520 --> 01:21:59,400 SORTS OF THINGS. 2200 01:21:59,400 --> 01:22:03,000 AND THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER 2201 01:22:03,000 --> 01:22:03,520 BIOAVAILABILITY. 2202 01:22:03,520 --> 01:22:06,120 MOSTLY WE'VE TALKED ABOUT TOTAL 2203 01:22:06,120 --> 01:22:07,240 NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND IT CAN 2204 01:22:07,240 --> 01:22:09,080 BE LOW FOR MANY MICRONUTRIENTS 2205 01:22:09,080 --> 01:22:14,880 AND THEN IT CAN GET WORSE FOR 2206 01:22:14,880 --> 01:22:16,440 BIOAVAILABILITY. 2207 01:22:16,440 --> 01:22:17,920 SOME ALGORITHMS HAVE BEEN 2208 01:22:17,920 --> 01:22:18,520 ESTIMATED FROM BIOAVAILABILITY 2209 01:22:18,520 --> 01:22:21,800 FROM THE FOOD SUPPLY, THIS 1 2210 01:22:21,800 --> 01:22:23,200 SHOWS NONHEME IRON IN SOME 2211 01:22:23,200 --> 01:22:26,280 ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE FOR ZINC. 2212 01:22:26,280 --> 01:22:28,880 SO NOT TOO MANY NUTRIENTS HAVE 2213 01:22:28,880 --> 01:22:29,280 BEEN PREDICTED. 2214 01:22:29,280 --> 01:22:33,440 BUT THIS FORMULA SHOWS THE 2215 01:22:33,440 --> 01:22:35,920 FACTORS THAT ENHANCE IRON 2216 01:22:35,920 --> 01:22:38,240 ABSORPTION FROM NONHEME SOURCES 2217 01:22:38,240 --> 01:22:39,120 AND THOSE THAT LIMIT. 2218 01:22:39,120 --> 01:22:43,800 SO IF YOU HAVE THE POSITIVE SIDE 2219 01:22:43,800 --> 01:22:52,760 OF THE EQUATION, THE SERUM 2220 01:22:52,760 --> 01:22:54,920 FERRITIN HELP ABSORB THE IRON, 2221 01:22:54,920 --> 01:23:00,080 AND THE VITAMIN C AND THE MEAT, 2222 01:23:00,080 --> 01:23:01,560 FISH, PALTRY SHOWS YOU HOW 2223 01:23:01,560 --> 01:23:02,840 STRONG IT IS THE NEGATIVE AS THE 2224 01:23:02,840 --> 01:23:04,680 BOTTOM SHOW THE INHIB THORS 2225 01:23:04,680 --> 01:23:08,480 THORS SO HAVE YOU TEA, BUT 2226 01:23:08,480 --> 01:23:09,280 ESPECIALLY PHYTATE, THAT IS 2227 01:23:09,280 --> 01:23:10,360 HIGHER THAN THE OTHERS AND 2228 01:23:10,360 --> 01:23:16,120 CALCIUM AND THEN OF COURSE, 2229 01:23:16,120 --> 01:23:17,200 BIOAVAILABILITY OR DOSE 2230 01:23:17,200 --> 01:23:18,520 ABSORPTION IS RELATED SO THE 2231 01:23:18,520 --> 01:23:20,480 HIGHER THE DOSE, THE LOWER 2232 01:23:20,480 --> 01:23:22,440 PERCENT OF ABSORPTION THAT YOU 2233 01:23:22,440 --> 01:23:23,160 HAVE. 2234 01:23:23,160 --> 01:23:24,280 TAKE CALCIUM FOR 2235 01:23:24,280 --> 01:23:26,160 BIOAVAILABILITY, THIS SHOWS YOU 2236 01:23:26,160 --> 01:23:28,760 AN EXTREME CONTRAST BETWEEN 2237 01:23:28,760 --> 01:23:31,680 CALCIUM ABNORMALITIES SRPGZ FOR 2238 01:23:31,680 --> 01:23:34,520 MILK AND SPINACH THE SAME 2239 01:23:34,520 --> 01:23:34,840 CALCIUM LOAD. 2240 01:23:34,840 --> 01:23:35,840 THERE'S A 10 FOLD DRVES, THERE 2241 01:23:35,840 --> 01:23:38,280 HAS BT BEEN A BIOAVAILABILITY 2242 01:23:38,280 --> 01:23:40,200 ALGORITHM DEVELOPED BUT I'M 2243 01:23:40,200 --> 01:23:42,560 WORKING ON 1 WITH PEOPLE NOW. 2244 01:23:42,560 --> 01:23:43,680 THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER 2245 01:23:43,680 --> 01:23:52,040 HUNGER, AND THIS IS A HEAT MAP 2246 01:23:52,040 --> 01:23:54,040 SHOWING AND KIND OF HUNGER AND 2247 01:23:54,040 --> 01:23:55,920 KIND OF A SUMMARY OF 2248 01:23:55,920 --> 01:24:01,120 CONSEQUENCES IF YOU SEE THE 2249 01:24:01,120 --> 01:24:03,360 X-AXIS IS THESE 2 FIGURES, GOING 2250 01:24:03,360 --> 01:24:07,120 TOWARDS NORMAL GROWTH, BEING 1, 2251 01:24:07,120 --> 01:24:08,360 OR NORMAL--NORMAL NUTRITION 2252 01:24:08,360 --> 01:24:10,120 BEING 1, AND SEVERE MALNUTRITION 2253 01:24:10,120 --> 01:24:13,960 ON THE FAR LEFT, THEN THE RISK 2254 01:24:13,960 --> 01:24:17,200 OF DEATH ON THE TOP DRAMATICALLY 2255 01:24:17,200 --> 01:24:18,320 DECREASES, AND ON THE BOTTOM, 2256 01:24:18,320 --> 01:24:20,440 THE RISK OF DEATH FROM COMMON 2257 01:24:20,440 --> 01:24:24,600 ILLNESS DUE TO SPENDING DRAMATIC 2258 01:24:24,600 --> 01:24:25,240 LOAMACYY INCREASES WITH HEALTH 2259 01:24:25,240 --> 01:24:27,520 AS YOU HEARD IN THE LAST HOUR. 2260 01:24:27,520 --> 01:24:30,160 SO 1 OBSERVATION IS THAT 2261 01:24:30,160 --> 01:24:30,920 INVESTMENTS IN MICRONUCLEOTIDES 2262 01:24:30,920 --> 01:24:32,920 TRI EPTS WHETHER THEY'RE BY 2263 01:24:32,920 --> 01:24:36,720 SUPPLEMENTS OR FORTIFIED FOODS 2264 01:24:36,720 --> 01:24:39,000 OR PROVIDING MEALS, WITH 2265 01:24:39,000 --> 01:24:40,200 MICRONUTRIENT VS HIGHER RETURNS 2266 01:24:40,200 --> 01:24:42,480 THAN THOSE FROM INVESTMENTS IN 2267 01:24:42,480 --> 01:24:44,120 TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND MALARIA 2268 01:24:44,120 --> 01:24:46,760 AND WATER AND SANITATION, NO 2269 01:24:46,760 --> 01:24:48,800 OTHER TECHNOLOGY OR OPPORTUNITY 2270 01:24:48,800 --> 01:24:51,920 TO REACH OUR CHILDREN OFFERS 2271 01:24:51,920 --> 01:24:53,120 LARGE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE 2272 01:24:53,120 --> 01:24:55,400 LIVES AT SUCH A LOW COST IN SUCH 2273 01:24:55,400 --> 01:24:58,400 A SHORT TIME. 2274 01:24:58,400 --> 01:24:59,920 SO, I THINK WE HAVE A FEW 2275 01:24:59,920 --> 01:25:02,480 MINUTES TO ENTERTAIN SOME 2276 01:25:02,480 --> 01:25:03,240 QUESTIONS. 2277 01:25:03,240 --> 01:25:15,800 I WILL STOP SHARING THIS, SO, SO 2278 01:25:15,800 --> 01:25:28,920 PEOPLE CAN RAISE THEIR HAND 2279 01:25:28,920 --> 01:25:29,200 MAYBE? 2280 01:25:29,200 --> 01:25:32,920 I SEE WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM W. 2281 01:25:32,920 --> 01:25:33,280 H. O. 2282 01:25:33,280 --> 01:25:36,520 >> HI, NO, IT'S ANOTHER ACRONYM 2283 01:25:36,520 --> 01:25:40,040 BUT I'M JUST--I'M CURIOUS TO SEE 2284 01:25:40,040 --> 01:25:45,080 THE PERSPECTIVE ON VITAMIN B12 2285 01:25:45,080 --> 01:25:47,720 AND ALSO BECAUSE OF SO MANY 2286 01:25:47,720 --> 01:25:51,360 TIMES WE HAVE BEEN ENGAGED IN 2287 01:25:51,360 --> 01:25:53,400 GIVING SUPPLEMENTS OF 2288 01:25:53,400 --> 01:25:56,240 MICRONUTRIENTS WITHOUT TAKING 2289 01:25:56,240 --> 01:26:00,160 INTO ACCOUNT CALORIC OR PROTEIN 2290 01:26:00,160 --> 01:26:03,280 SUPPLEMENTATION AND THEREFORE, 2291 01:26:03,280 --> 01:26:07,800 THERE IS CERTAIN SIDE EFFECTS ON 2292 01:26:07,800 --> 01:26:13,400 SOME TYPE OF MICRONUTRIENTS WHEN 2293 01:26:13,400 --> 01:26:16,000 KIDS ARE STUNTED OR FOR HAVING 2294 01:26:16,000 --> 01:26:21,600 SEVERE MALNUTRITION, HOW CAN 2295 01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:23,360 WE--WHAT ARE YOUR COMMENTS ON 2296 01:26:23,360 --> 01:26:25,400 THIS TYPE OF SUPPLEMENTATION. 2297 01:26:25,400 --> 01:26:27,600 DO YOU COORDINATE BOTH? 2298 01:26:27,600 --> 01:26:35,600 SO WE DON'T HAVE FOR EXAMPLE, 2299 01:26:35,600 --> 01:26:36,120 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 2300 01:26:36,120 --> 01:26:37,800 >> SO OUR GROUP WILL COVER THE 2301 01:26:37,800 --> 01:26:40,400 BIOLOGY IMPACT AND FUTURE 2302 01:26:40,400 --> 01:26:44,760 WORKING GROUPS WILL PRESENT ON 2303 01:26:44,760 --> 01:26:46,640 SOLUTIONS OR EVALUATE THE 2304 01:26:46,640 --> 01:26:49,080 LANDSCAPE FOR HOW TO DEAL WITH 2305 01:26:49,080 --> 01:26:49,440 THAT. 2306 01:26:49,440 --> 01:26:51,120 THANK YOU FOR POINTING THIS OUT 2307 01:26:51,120 --> 01:26:52,360 TO US. 2308 01:26:52,360 --> 01:26:54,000 >> CONNIE, I THINK WHAT 2309 01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:57,720 MARRIANELLA MIGHT BE SPEAKING TO 2310 01:26:57,720 --> 01:27:00,600 IS AGAIN THIS ECOLOGY THAT THE 2311 01:27:00,600 --> 01:27:01,120 ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL SINGLE 2312 01:27:01,120 --> 01:27:02,480 NUTRIENT APPROACH CAN BE 2313 01:27:02,480 --> 01:27:03,240 PROBLEMATIC ON THESE 2314 01:27:03,240 --> 01:27:04,000 CIRCUMSTANCES AND SO THAT WE 2315 01:27:04,000 --> 01:27:09,280 NEED TO DO A BETTER JOB OF 2316 01:27:09,280 --> 01:27:10,760 UNDERSTANDING NUTRITION AS A 2317 01:27:10,760 --> 01:27:11,920 BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE. 2318 01:27:11,920 --> 01:27:12,320 >> CORRECT. 2319 01:27:12,320 --> 01:27:14,920 >> ABSOLUTELY. 2320 01:27:14,920 --> 01:27:17,400 >> AND BECAUSE OF THAT IT IS 2321 01:27:17,400 --> 01:27:19,840 GREAT THAT YOU HAVE, YOU KNOW 2322 01:27:19,840 --> 01:27:21,360 FOOD ON THIS TABLE THAT THE FACT 2323 01:27:21,360 --> 01:27:23,920 THAT HUNGER IS SUCH A HUGE ISSUE 2324 01:27:23,920 --> 01:27:26,240 FOR THE REST OF THE WORLD. 2325 01:27:26,240 --> 01:27:33,520 BY THE WAY, THIS IS--THEY ARE 2326 01:27:33,520 --> 01:27:34,160 KD--SALLY VENEZUELANS FOUNDATION 2327 01:27:34,160 --> 01:27:36,160 I'M WORK FIGURE ARE NOW, I'M 2328 01:27:36,160 --> 01:27:38,880 REPRESENTING THE ACADEMY OF 2329 01:27:38,880 --> 01:27:40,400 DIETIC [INDISCERNIBLE] YOU SEE 2330 01:27:40,400 --> 01:27:42,160 IN MY NAME, TO CLARIFY. 2331 01:27:42,160 --> 01:27:43,760 >> THANK YOU APPRECIATE IT. 2332 01:27:43,760 --> 01:27:45,280 I SEE LINDSAY IS GOING TO HELP 2333 01:27:45,280 --> 01:27:50,280 US OUT WITH HARMONIZED 2334 01:27:50,280 --> 01:27:50,680 [INDISCERNIBLE] 2335 01:27:50,680 --> 01:27:53,520 >> WELL, I'M JUST GRAPPLING WITH 2336 01:27:53,520 --> 01:27:55,000 THE PROBLEM IN GENERAL HAVING 2337 01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:55,880 HEARD PEOPLE TALK THIS MORNING 2338 01:27:55,880 --> 01:27:57,280 AND SAY WHAT THEY WANT IS TO BE 2339 01:27:57,280 --> 01:28:00,160 ABLE TO ASSESS NUTRITIONAL 2340 01:28:00,160 --> 01:28:03,560 STATUS WHICH I THINK THEY MEAN 2341 01:28:03,560 --> 01:28:15,280 MANY OPTIONS OF EITHER DIET OR 2342 01:28:15,280 --> 01:28:15,760 HUNGER OR CHEMISTRY. 2343 01:28:15,760 --> 01:28:18,120 YOU HAVE LOW ANIMAL SOURCE FOOD 2344 01:28:18,120 --> 01:28:23,320 INTAKE, AND THAT MEANS THAT A 2345 01:28:23,320 --> 01:28:26,400 WHOLE BUNCH OF ASSOCIATED 2346 01:28:26,400 --> 01:28:27,840 MICRONUTRIENTS ARE DEFICIENT, 2347 01:28:27,840 --> 01:28:32,200 NOT JUST 1, OKAY, SO WE HAVE 2348 01:28:32,200 --> 01:28:33,640 RIBOFLAVIN AND VITAMINA AND B12 2349 01:28:33,640 --> 01:28:36,760 AND CALCIUM AND SO ON, SO THAT'S 2350 01:28:36,760 --> 01:28:38,040 SOMETHING I'M GRAPPLING WITH 2351 01:28:38,040 --> 01:28:41,040 VERY MUCH ARE THE INDICATOR 2352 01:28:41,040 --> 01:28:44,560 NUTRIENTS WE CAN USE, IT'S 2353 01:28:44,560 --> 01:28:48,800 HARDLY EVER JUST 1 NUTRIENT 2354 01:28:48,800 --> 01:28:50,920 EXCEPT MAYBE IRON BUT THAT'S 2355 01:28:50,920 --> 01:28:52,640 AN ANIMAL SOURCE FOR THE 2356 01:28:52,640 --> 01:28:53,120 NUTRIENT TOO. 2357 01:28:53,120 --> 01:28:55,440 THE OTHER GROUPS ARE FRUITS AND 2358 01:28:55,440 --> 01:29:03,040 VEGETABLES AND VITAMIN A AND A 2359 01:29:03,040 --> 01:29:03,880 REASONABLE INDICATOR OF THAT. 2360 01:29:03,880 --> 01:29:06,080 I WANT TO PUT OUT THERE THAT 2361 01:29:06,080 --> 01:29:07,360 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT DIET 2362 01:29:07,360 --> 01:29:09,120 PATTERNS AND WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE 2363 01:29:09,120 --> 01:29:10,000 YOU REALLY CONCERNED ABOUT 2364 01:29:10,000 --> 01:29:12,280 BECAUSE THEY'RE ALL GOING TO BE 2365 01:29:12,280 --> 01:29:15,600 A PROBLEM IN MANY CASES. 2366 01:29:15,600 --> 01:29:16,520 THAT'S IT. 2367 01:29:16,520 --> 01:29:19,600 >> WELL YOUR SUGGESTION OF 2368 01:29:19,600 --> 01:29:24,280 INDICATOR NUTRIENTS IS MUCH MORE 2369 01:29:24,280 --> 01:29:31,600 FEASIBLE THAN TO TRY TO COVER 2370 01:29:31,600 --> 01:29:32,720 THEM ALL. 2371 01:29:32,720 --> 01:29:33,800 AND [INDISCERNIBLE] WE SHOULD 2372 01:29:33,800 --> 01:29:36,120 CONSIDER THE ROLE OF INFECTIONS 2373 01:29:36,120 --> 01:29:42,720 ON BIOAVAILABILITY, ABSOLUTELY. 2374 01:29:42,720 --> 01:29:44,560 ANY OTHER QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS 2375 01:29:44,560 --> 01:29:46,440 ON OUR DIRECTIONS ESPECIALLY 2376 01:29:46,440 --> 01:29:59,680 FROM OTHER WORKING GROUPS? 2377 01:29:59,680 --> 01:30:01,560 WELL, THEN I KNOWLEDGE WE'LL 2378 01:30:01,560 --> 01:30:03,120 MOVE ON. 2379 01:30:03,120 --> 01:30:04,160 BECAUSE WE'RE VERY TIGHT FOR 2380 01:30:04,160 --> 01:30:04,480 TIME. 2381 01:30:04,480 --> 01:30:08,560 AND NOW WE'RE GOING TO 2382 01:30:08,560 --> 01:30:09,560 TALK--HAVE THE COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2383 01:30:09,560 --> 01:30:11,200 TALK ABOUT THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS 2384 01:30:11,200 --> 01:30:12,800 AND WHERE THEY'RE HEADED FOR 2385 01:30:12,800 --> 01:30:13,160 THIS REPORT. 2386 01:30:13,160 --> 01:30:16,320 SO WE'RE GOING TO START WITH 2387 01:30:16,320 --> 01:30:18,280 DREW BREMER WHO WILL TALK ABOUT 2388 01:30:18,280 --> 01:30:21,840 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF GROWTH AND 2389 01:30:21,840 --> 01:30:22,080 PUBERTY. 2390 01:30:22,080 --> 01:30:24,040 >> AWESOME, THANKS CONNIE AND 2391 01:30:24,040 --> 01:30:25,120 LIZA, AWESOME, THANK YOU FOR 2392 01:30:25,120 --> 01:30:26,640 PULLING UP THE SLIDES AND CONNIE 2393 01:30:26,640 --> 01:30:30,720 THANK YOU FOR STUDYING THE SCENE 2394 01:30:30,720 --> 01:30:32,720 AND DAN, ONCE AGAIN FOR THANK 2395 01:30:32,720 --> 01:30:36,720 YOU FOR GETTING US ALTOGETHER 2396 01:30:36,720 --> 01:30:38,120 HERE SO WELCOME EVERYONE, IT'S I 2397 01:30:38,120 --> 01:30:39,120 PLEASURE TO WORK ALONGSIDE ASK 2398 01:30:39,120 --> 01:30:41,920 THIS GROUP AND TO BE A PART OF 2399 01:30:41,920 --> 01:30:43,720 THIS IMPORTANT PROJECT. 2400 01:30:43,720 --> 01:30:45,400 AGAIN, OUR END GAME GOAL HERE IS 2401 01:30:45,400 --> 01:30:47,400 TO REALLY PUT OUR HEADS TOGETHER 2402 01:30:47,400 --> 01:30:48,800 TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. 2403 01:30:48,800 --> 01:30:51,120 SO, I'VE BEEN ASKED AS CONNIE 2404 01:30:51,120 --> 01:30:53,640 MENTIONED, ASK TOED ADDRESS THE 2405 01:30:53,640 --> 01:30:54,320 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF GROWTH AND 2406 01:30:54,320 --> 01:30:55,320 PUBERTY SKPE BAKUGAN HOW 2407 01:30:55,320 --> 01:30:56,920 UNDERSTANDING THAT BIOLOGY MAY 2408 01:30:56,920 --> 01:30:58,960 INFORM NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND 2409 01:30:58,960 --> 01:31:00,080 ASSESSMENTS AND CHILDREN AND 2410 01:31:00,080 --> 01:31:01,600 ADLESSENTS AND TO DO ALL THAT IN 2411 01:31:01,600 --> 01:31:04,520 JUST 8 MINUTES SO WITH THAT, I 2412 01:31:04,520 --> 01:31:07,160 AM GOING TO SOMEWHAT BRIEF AND 2413 01:31:07,160 --> 01:31:09,560 START BUT UN'RE I'M FORTUNATE 2414 01:31:09,560 --> 01:31:11,480 THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO WILL 2415 01:31:11,480 --> 01:31:14,400 COME BEHIND ME WILL BE GOING 2416 01:31:14,400 --> 01:31:16,520 NEXT AND SO I'LL BE IN A VERY 2417 01:31:16,520 --> 01:31:20,520 SOMEWHAT HIGH LEVEL VIEW. 2418 01:31:20,520 --> 01:31:22,480 BUT THEY WILL BAIL ME OUT WHEN 2419 01:31:22,480 --> 01:31:25,520 WE TAG TEAM ISSUES, PARTICULARLY 2420 01:31:25,520 --> 01:31:28,200 AROUND LINEAR GROWTH. 2421 01:31:28,200 --> 01:31:28,720 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2422 01:31:28,720 --> 01:31:33,160 SO I HAVE NOTHING TO DISCLOSE, 2423 01:31:33,160 --> 01:31:33,480 NEXT SLIDE. 2424 01:31:33,480 --> 01:31:34,040 AND BEFORE GETTING INTO THE 2425 01:31:34,040 --> 01:31:34,920 BIOLOGY ISSUES BECAUSE THAT IS 2426 01:31:34,920 --> 01:31:38,040 THE FOCUS OF GROUP IS REALLY 2427 01:31:38,040 --> 01:31:40,920 LOOKING AT THE BIOLOGY, THE 2428 01:31:40,920 --> 01:31:41,720 INTERNAL ECOLOGY THAT DAN TALKED 2429 01:31:41,720 --> 01:31:45,480 ABOUT, I WANT TO PAUSE AND ONCE 2430 01:31:45,480 --> 01:31:47,680 AGAIN THANK THE SECRETARYARUATES 2431 01:31:47,680 --> 01:31:49,560 AND ALL THE BOND-KIDS WORKING 2432 01:31:49,560 --> 01:31:53,560 GROUPS ON THE TEAM. 2433 01:31:53,560 --> 01:31:54,480 SO NEXT SLIDE. 2434 01:31:54,480 --> 01:31:58,000 OKAY, SO AS CONNIE JUST SHOWED 2435 01:31:58,000 --> 01:31:59,440 AND SHOWED SEVERAL FRAMEWORK, 2436 01:31:59,440 --> 01:32:00,960 AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR 2437 01:32:00,960 --> 01:32:02,840 OUR WORKING GROUP'S CHARGE WHICH 2438 01:32:02,840 --> 01:32:05,960 I WILL EXPAND UPON A LITTLE BIT 2439 01:32:05,960 --> 01:32:07,000 HERE. 2440 01:32:07,000 --> 01:32:08,920 HIGHLIGHTING AGAIN, ECHOING DAN, 2441 01:32:08,920 --> 01:32:10,360 AND OTHERS IN THE OPENING 2442 01:32:10,360 --> 01:32:11,360 CONVERSATION THAT ARE 2443 01:32:11,360 --> 01:32:13,520 UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGY OF 2444 01:32:13,520 --> 01:32:15,320 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, REALLY 2445 01:32:15,320 --> 01:32:17,000 DOES REQUIRE AND APPRECIATION OF 2446 01:32:17,000 --> 01:32:18,720 THE MANY COMPONENTS THAT IMPACTS 2447 01:32:18,720 --> 01:32:20,800 AND ARE IMPACTED BY THE EXTERNAL 2448 01:32:20,800 --> 01:32:24,520 ECOLOGY, WHICH WE TOUCHED ON IN 2449 01:32:24,520 --> 01:32:26,560 SUBSEQUENT SESSIONS OF THIS 2450 01:32:26,560 --> 01:32:28,840 PROGRAM, BUT ALSO THE INTERNAL 2451 01:32:28,840 --> 01:32:31,520 ECOLOGY AND THE INTERNAL 2452 01:32:31,520 --> 01:32:32,600 NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY, INCLUDING 2453 01:32:32,600 --> 01:32:35,560 HELT CONTEXT OF THE HOST, MANY 2454 01:32:35,560 --> 01:32:36,600 INTERSECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, 2455 01:32:36,600 --> 01:32:39,360 AND OF COURSE, DIET, NUTRITION, 2456 01:32:39,360 --> 01:32:41,720 STATUS, AND JUST FOR 2457 01:32:41,720 --> 01:32:43,520 CONSISTENCY, WHEN I USE 2458 01:32:43,520 --> 01:32:44,880 NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IT REALLY IS 2459 01:32:44,880 --> 01:32:47,400 REFLECTING ON THE ADEQUACY OF 2460 01:32:47,400 --> 01:32:48,440 NUTRIENTS, TO PERFORM, 2461 01:32:48,440 --> 01:32:51,200 BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN THE HOST 2462 01:32:51,200 --> 01:32:52,800 AND CONNIE DID A GREAT 2463 01:32:52,800 --> 01:32:54,320 PRESENTATION TO SET US UP HERE 2464 01:32:54,320 --> 01:32:57,200 BUT ALL THESE THINGS, ALL THESE 2465 01:32:57,200 --> 01:32:58,800 THINGS, YOU KNOW ARE INTERACTING 2466 01:32:58,800 --> 01:33:01,120 AND ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AS 2467 01:33:01,120 --> 01:33:04,000 WE THINK ABOUT--THINK ABOUT WAYS 2468 01:33:04,000 --> 01:33:07,640 TO ASSESS NEEDS AND ASSESS 2469 01:33:07,640 --> 01:33:09,840 STATUS. 2470 01:33:09,840 --> 01:33:10,440 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2471 01:33:10,440 --> 01:33:11,600 AND WHEN I WOULD LIKE TO 2472 01:33:11,600 --> 01:33:12,720 HIGHLIGHT ON THIS SLIDE AND WHAT 2473 01:33:12,720 --> 01:33:16,120 IS LIKELY KNOWN TO EVERYONE IN 2474 01:33:16,120 --> 01:33:17,520 THE AUDIS THAT GROWTH AND 2475 01:33:17,520 --> 01:33:18,360 DEVELOPMENT PROCEED ALONG A 2476 01:33:18,360 --> 01:33:20,000 CONTINUUM AND I BORROWED THIS 2477 01:33:20,000 --> 01:33:21,840 SLIDE FROM CONNIE AND THAT MANY 2478 01:33:21,840 --> 01:33:23,480 HORMONES IMPACTING THE RATE OF 2479 01:33:23,480 --> 01:33:26,120 LINEAR GROWTH AND BONE MINERAL 2480 01:33:26,120 --> 01:33:28,280 ACCRUAL ARE RELATED NOT ONLY TO 2481 01:33:28,280 --> 01:33:29,360 PIEWBITTAL STATUS WHICH I WILL 2482 01:33:29,360 --> 01:33:30,720 TOUCH ON I LITTLE BIT LATER 2483 01:33:30,720 --> 01:33:33,400 ABOUT YOU ALSO TO DIETARY 2484 01:33:33,400 --> 01:33:34,120 COMPONENTS, NUTRIENTS AND 2485 01:33:34,120 --> 01:33:36,600 DIETARY PATTERNS SO ECHOING 2486 01:33:36,600 --> 01:33:37,120 LIPPEDZY'S COMMENT THAT 2487 01:33:37,120 --> 01:33:38,280 THESE--EVERYTHING IS TAKEN IN 2488 01:33:38,280 --> 01:33:40,880 AGGREGATES AND AT THE END THESE 2489 01:33:40,880 --> 01:33:44,360 ARE PATTERNS AND FOOD'S CAN HAVE 2490 01:33:44,360 --> 01:33:46,560 MANY NUTRIENTS BOTH MACROAND 2491 01:33:46,560 --> 01:33:47,720 MICROWEATHER GIVEN TOO MUCH OR 2492 01:33:47,720 --> 01:33:49,720 TOO LITTLE THAT HAS AN IMPACT 2493 01:33:49,720 --> 01:33:52,520 AND THESE DIETARY COMPONENTS, 2494 01:33:52,520 --> 01:33:54,080 NUTRIENTS AND DIETARY PATTERNS 2495 01:33:54,080 --> 01:33:56,480 FURTHER MAY IMPACT FUTURE HEALTH 2496 01:33:56,480 --> 01:33:58,960 AND BOTH BMI DEPENDENCE AND ALSO 2497 01:33:58,960 --> 01:33:59,920 IMPORTANTLY BMI INDEPENDENT WAYS 2498 01:33:59,920 --> 01:34:03,360 SO IT'S NOT A PARADIGM OF JUST 2499 01:34:03,360 --> 01:34:05,840 INTAKE TO A CERTAIN BMI AND 2500 01:34:05,840 --> 01:34:09,080 THAT'S A HEALTH STATUS, THERE 2501 01:34:09,080 --> 01:34:12,720 ARE MANY, MANY FACTORS THAT GOES 2502 01:34:12,720 --> 01:34:15,280 FROMMA AN EXPOSURE TO A HEALTH 2503 01:34:15,280 --> 01:34:17,840 OUTCOME. 2504 01:34:17,840 --> 01:34:18,400 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2505 01:34:18,400 --> 01:34:20,280 AND I'VE SHOWN ON THIS SLIDE, 2506 01:34:20,280 --> 01:34:21,960 AND AGAIN THAT THAT WILL BE--IT 2507 01:34:21,960 --> 01:34:23,920 WILL BE A BIT MORE IN THE WEEDS, 2508 01:34:23,920 --> 01:34:25,840 THERE ARE ALSO IMPORTANT AGE AND 2509 01:34:25,840 --> 01:34:26,960 SEX SPECIFIC DONEESS WITH 2510 01:34:26,960 --> 01:34:28,440 RESPECT TO LINEAR GROWTH, WITH 2511 01:34:28,440 --> 01:34:32,280 MALES HAVING A LATER PEAK GROWTH 2512 01:34:32,280 --> 01:34:32,880 VELOCITY THAN FEMALES. 2513 01:34:32,880 --> 01:34:34,000 MORE OVER THE RELATIVE 2514 01:34:34,000 --> 01:34:37,440 CONTRIBUTIONS OF CERTAIN 2515 01:34:37,440 --> 01:34:38,040 DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS, MIGHT 2516 01:34:38,040 --> 01:34:40,640 ALSO DIFFER, WITH THE LARGEST 2517 01:34:40,640 --> 01:34:41,280 CONTRIBUTION OF ADULT LIFE 2518 01:34:41,280 --> 01:34:44,240 OCCURRING IN THE CHILDHOOD YEARS 2519 01:34:44,240 --> 01:34:46,280 JUST PRIOR TO THE GROWTH SPURTS 2520 01:34:46,280 --> 01:34:47,800 AND GEAN I WILL KEEP IT HIGH 2521 01:34:47,800 --> 01:34:49,120 LEVEL AND SHOW THE HIGHLIGHTS 2522 01:34:49,120 --> 01:34:50,240 HERE BUT YOU WILL HEAR MORE 2523 01:34:50,240 --> 01:34:57,280 ABOUT THIS IN THE NEXT 2524 01:34:57,280 --> 01:34:57,960 PRESENTATION FROM 2525 01:34:57,960 --> 01:34:58,480 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 2526 01:34:58,480 --> 01:34:58,920 >> SLIDE, PLEASE. 2527 01:34:58,920 --> 01:35:00,480 NOW PRIOR TO DISCUSSING THIS, I 2528 01:35:00,480 --> 01:35:02,120 WILL GO A BIT BIGGER AND I WANT 2529 01:35:02,120 --> 01:35:04,840 TO REVIEW THE BIOLOGY OF 2530 01:35:04,840 --> 01:35:07,160 ENDOCONDRIAL HISTOLOGY OF THE 2531 01:35:07,160 --> 01:35:07,680 GROWTH PLATE BECAUSE 2532 01:35:07,680 --> 01:35:09,280 ERESPONSIBLELY WHEN BABET TALKS 2533 01:35:09,280 --> 01:35:11,120 ABOUT THE CALCIUM AND OTHER 2534 01:35:11,120 --> 01:35:12,360 NUTRIENTS OF VITAMIN D, IT'S 2535 01:35:12,360 --> 01:35:13,880 GOOD TO APPRECIATE THAT USHED 2536 01:35:13,880 --> 01:35:15,120 LYING BIOLOGY. 2537 01:35:15,120 --> 01:35:21,920 SO EBD O CONDRIAL BONE FORMATION 2538 01:35:21,920 --> 01:35:24,840 STARTS WITH A ENDOCHONDERAL 2539 01:35:24,840 --> 01:35:25,680 OSESIFICATION, AND THOSE 2540 01:35:25,680 --> 01:35:28,680 CONDROCYTES ARE THE CENTER OF 2541 01:35:28,680 --> 01:35:33,560 THE CARTILAGE MOLD, THE HYPER 2542 01:35:33,560 --> 01:35:36,320 TROAPIC CHOND ROUGH ATOM CITES 2543 01:35:36,320 --> 01:35:39,320 AND WOULD ABOUTING THE CALCIFIED 2544 01:35:39,320 --> 01:35:40,720 BONE IN THE PRIMARY 2545 01:35:40,720 --> 01:35:42,320 OSESIFICATION CENTER AND THAT'S 2546 01:35:42,320 --> 01:35:45,560 LABELED HERE ON THE SLIDE. 2547 01:35:45,560 --> 01:35:47,040 FORMING THE SECONDARY 2548 01:35:47,040 --> 01:35:48,120 OSSIFICATION CENTER AND THE 2549 01:35:48,120 --> 01:35:49,440 GROWTH BY CARTILAGE BY THE ENDS 2550 01:35:49,440 --> 01:35:52,120 OF THE LONG BONES CONTINUES TO 2551 01:35:52,120 --> 01:35:53,320 DRIVE BONE ELONGATION, SO THAT'S 2552 01:35:53,320 --> 01:35:56,520 ON THE TOP PART OF THE SCREEN, 2553 01:35:56,520 --> 01:36:00,120 THAT'S THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY 2554 01:36:00,120 --> 01:36:04,280 AND THE VERY, 3 SENTENCES THE 2555 01:36:04,280 --> 01:36:05,680 BIOLOGY OF OSSIFICATION, AND 2556 01:36:05,680 --> 01:36:07,400 CLINICALLY, AS PART OF OUR 2557 01:36:07,400 --> 01:36:09,840 CHARGE HERE, IS TO ADDRESS 2558 01:36:09,840 --> 01:36:11,000 ASSESSMENTS, CLINICALLY X-RAYS 2559 01:36:11,000 --> 01:36:13,920 OF THE LEFT HAND WHICH ARE 2560 01:36:13,920 --> 01:36:14,920 FREQUENTLY CALLED BONE AGE 2561 01:36:14,920 --> 01:36:16,640 ASSESS THES ARE COMMONLY USED 2562 01:36:16,640 --> 01:36:18,000 TO,A SESES REMAINING GROWTH 2563 01:36:18,000 --> 01:36:19,640 POTENTIAL IN CHILDREN AND 2564 01:36:19,640 --> 01:36:21,680 ADOLESCENTS AND TO ESTIMATE AND 2565 01:36:21,680 --> 01:36:22,800 PREDICT FINAL ADULT HEIGHT AND 2566 01:36:22,800 --> 01:36:23,920 FOR THOSE WHO PRACTICE 2567 01:36:23,920 --> 01:36:25,680 CLINICALLY, AGAIN THIS IS A VERY 2568 01:36:25,680 --> 01:36:28,280 COMMON TOOL THAT PEDIATRIC EBD O 2569 01:36:28,280 --> 01:36:30,200 CRINOLOGYISTS USE TO ISSUA SESES 2570 01:36:30,200 --> 01:36:31,680 GROALGT AND TO ESTIMATE FINAL 2571 01:36:31,680 --> 01:36:33,000 GROWTH. 2572 01:36:33,000 --> 01:36:35,720 AND I SHOW 3 REPRESENTATIVE BONE 2573 01:36:35,720 --> 01:36:39,520 AGE X-RAYS ON THIS SLIDE. 2574 01:36:39,520 --> 01:36:40,280 NEXT SLIDE. 2575 01:36:40,280 --> 01:36:42,200 THE SLIDES A BIT BUSY BUT IT 2576 01:36:42,200 --> 01:36:43,960 HIGHLIGHTS MANY OF THE NUTRITION 2577 01:36:43,960 --> 01:36:45,960 SENSITIVE INPUTS TO GROWTH. 2578 01:36:45,960 --> 01:36:48,280 FOCUSING ON ENDOCRINOLOGYS SO 2579 01:36:48,280 --> 01:36:49,720 INCLUDING MYRIAD HORMONES THAT 2580 01:36:49,720 --> 01:36:50,920 ARE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE EFFECTS 2581 01:36:50,920 --> 01:36:53,120 ON BONE GROWTH AS WELL AS 2582 01:36:53,120 --> 01:36:53,720 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE WHICH IS 2583 01:36:53,720 --> 01:36:55,720 TEND TO HAVE INHIBITORY EEIVETS 2584 01:36:55,720 --> 01:36:58,240 ON BONE GROWTH, AND MAYBE A 2585 01:36:58,240 --> 01:36:59,720 PRESENT SECONDARY FOR 2586 01:36:59,720 --> 01:37:00,880 NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SOMEONE 2587 01:37:00,880 --> 01:37:02,920 ALREADY BROUGHT UP THE IDEA OF 2588 01:37:02,920 --> 01:37:05,680 INFLAMMATION AND HOW THEY MAY 2589 01:37:05,680 --> 01:37:07,400 IMPACT THE FUNCTION IF YOU WILL 2590 01:37:07,400 --> 01:37:10,320 OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND THEIR 2591 01:37:10,320 --> 01:37:11,360 BIOLOGICAL ROLES. 2592 01:37:11,360 --> 01:37:13,320 SO IN GENERAL GROWTH HORMONE, 2593 01:37:13,320 --> 01:37:15,720 IGP 1 AND ANDROGEN ROUGH ATOM 2594 01:37:15,720 --> 01:37:18,200 GENS AND LEPTIN STIMULATE CHOND 2595 01:37:18,200 --> 01:37:20,560 ROW SIGHT PROLIFERATION, THYROID 2596 01:37:20,560 --> 01:37:23,080 AND VITAMIN D FOR DIFREPRESENT 2597 01:37:23,080 --> 01:37:24,880 YAIPGZ, DPLIEWK O CORD KOIDS 2598 01:37:24,880 --> 01:37:26,640 WHICH MAY BE PRESENT DURING 2599 01:37:26,640 --> 01:37:28,440 PERIODS OF STRESS AND 2600 01:37:28,440 --> 01:37:31,560 PROLIFERATION AND DELAY GROWTH 2601 01:37:31,560 --> 01:37:33,640 PLATE SENESCENSEL, AND ESTROUGH 2602 01:37:33,640 --> 01:37:34,840 ATOM GENS ACCELERATE GROWTH 2603 01:37:34,840 --> 01:37:35,240 PLATES. 2604 01:37:35,240 --> 01:37:37,040 SO YOU SEE AN INTERPLAY OF MANY 2605 01:37:37,040 --> 01:37:38,880 DIFFERENT HORMONES AND OTHER 2606 01:37:38,880 --> 01:37:41,120 FACTORS ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE 2607 01:37:41,120 --> 01:37:48,160 GROWTH PLATINGS AND THE BONE 2608 01:37:48,160 --> 01:37:48,520 ITSELF. 2609 01:37:48,520 --> 01:37:49,920 NEXT SLIDE, I ALSO BORROWED THIS 2610 01:37:49,920 --> 01:37:50,960 FIGURE FOR CONNIE BUT I'M 2611 01:37:50,960 --> 01:37:53,760 SHOWING THIS SLIDE NOT ONLY TO 2612 01:37:53,760 --> 01:37:55,080 DEPICT THE POSSIBLE TRAJECTORIES 2613 01:37:55,080 --> 01:37:58,040 OF GROWTH GIIVE CERTAIN CLINICAL 2614 01:37:58,040 --> 01:37:58,920 CONDITIONS. 2615 01:37:58,920 --> 01:38:00,920 BUT ALSO TO UNDER CORE THAT 2616 01:38:00,920 --> 01:38:02,760 LINEAR GROWTH SERVED AS A 2617 01:38:02,760 --> 01:38:04,640 BIOINDICATOR THAT REFLEBTS 2618 01:38:04,640 --> 01:38:05,520 PROTURBATIONS IN THE EXTERNAL 2619 01:38:05,520 --> 01:38:07,480 ECOLOGY WHICH WE WILL HEAR MORE 2620 01:38:07,480 --> 01:38:08,520 ABOUT, THE INTERNAL ECOLOGY AND 2621 01:38:08,520 --> 01:38:10,520 IN THIS CASE, NUTRITIONAL 2622 01:38:10,520 --> 01:38:12,520 STATUS, OR THE BIOLOGICAL 2623 01:38:12,520 --> 01:38:14,360 SYSTEMS, INVOLVED IN LINEAR 2624 01:38:14,360 --> 01:38:15,280 GROWTH OR BOTH. 2625 01:38:15,280 --> 01:38:17,560 AND THAT INDIVIDUALS WITH 2626 01:38:17,560 --> 01:38:19,160 INTERRUPTED GROWTH CAN DEPENDING 2627 01:38:19,160 --> 01:38:22,160 ON THE UNDERLYING ETIOLOGY, 2628 01:38:22,160 --> 01:38:23,320 AND/OR THE INTERVENTION, 2629 01:38:23,320 --> 01:38:24,720 EXPERIENCE CATCH-UP GROWTH AND 2630 01:38:24,720 --> 01:38:28,080 HAD IS WHERE IT'S IMPORTANT, DAN 2631 01:38:28,080 --> 01:38:30,120 MENTIONED NOT FALLING BACK IN 2632 01:38:30,120 --> 01:38:31,320 THE ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL BUT 2633 01:38:31,320 --> 01:38:33,480 UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOLOGY OF 2634 01:38:33,480 --> 01:38:35,760 DELAYED GROWTH INFORMS POTENTIAL 2635 01:38:35,760 --> 01:38:37,320 INTERVENTIONS WHICH THEN MAY 2636 01:38:37,320 --> 01:38:41,000 ACHIEVE CATCH UP GROWTH, TO A 2637 01:38:41,000 --> 01:38:42,720 CHILD WHERE THEY ACHIEVE THEIR 2638 01:38:42,720 --> 01:38:44,680 FINAL PREDICTED WITH THE 2639 01:38:44,680 --> 01:38:45,520 APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION, 2640 01:38:45,520 --> 01:38:50,160 UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING 2641 01:38:50,160 --> 01:38:50,720 BIOLOGY. 2642 01:38:50,720 --> 01:38:51,000 NEXT SLIDE. 2643 01:38:51,000 --> 01:38:52,560 AND THIS SLIDE AGAIN IS SOMEWHAT 2644 01:38:52,560 --> 01:38:54,120 BUT BUSY BUT IT'S REALLY MEANT 2645 01:38:54,120 --> 01:38:56,800 TO ILLUSTRATE THAT THE TIMING 2646 01:38:56,800 --> 01:39:00,560 AND TEMPO OF PUBERTY WHICH BOTH 2647 01:39:00,560 --> 01:39:01,400 DIRECTLY IMPACT LINEAR GROWTH 2648 01:39:01,400 --> 01:39:04,720 AND ARE SUBJECT TO THE MULTIPLE 2649 01:39:04,720 --> 01:39:05,360 INTRINSIC AND EXTRENSICTION 2650 01:39:05,360 --> 01:39:06,440 FACTORS INCLUDING BUT NOT 2651 01:39:06,440 --> 01:39:08,200 LIMITED TO ENCH CLPROY STATUS, 2652 01:39:08,200 --> 01:39:09,280 AND TALK ABOUT DIETARY PAT 2653 01:39:09,280 --> 01:39:10,360 EVERYONES AND ENERGY WHICH I 2654 01:39:10,360 --> 01:39:15,360 WILL TALK ON AGAIN ON THE SLIDE, 2655 01:39:15,360 --> 01:39:17,720 BUT STRESSES, HORMONES AND INDO 2656 01:39:17,720 --> 01:39:18,920 KRIN DISRUPTORS WHICH MAY BE IN 2657 01:39:18,920 --> 01:39:20,080 THE ENVIRONMENT WHICH WE MIGHT 2658 01:39:20,080 --> 01:39:22,760 HEAR ABOUT NEXT WEEK AS WELL AS 2659 01:39:22,760 --> 01:39:24,720 GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS SO AN 2660 01:39:24,720 --> 01:39:27,600 ECOLOGY THAT AFFECTS PIEWBITTAL 2661 01:39:27,600 --> 01:39:29,360 TIMES AND TEMPO WHICH DIRECTLY 2662 01:39:29,360 --> 01:39:32,520 IMPACT IT IS LINEAR GROWTH AS 2663 01:39:32,520 --> 01:39:33,200 WELL. 2664 01:39:33,200 --> 01:39:34,440 NEXT SLIDE. 2665 01:39:34,440 --> 01:39:35,920 TAKING A HALF STEP BACK 1 OF OUR 2666 01:39:35,920 --> 01:39:38,440 CHARGES AS PROJECTION BONNIE MENTIONED, 1 2667 01:39:38,440 --> 01:39:39,880 OF THE CHARGES TO OUR WORKING 2668 01:39:39,880 --> 01:39:43,560 GROUP IS TO DISCUSS AS A GROUP 2669 01:39:43,560 --> 01:39:44,240 HUGH UNDERSTANDING UNDERLYING 2670 01:39:44,240 --> 01:39:45,840 BIOLOGY OF GROWTH FACTORETH AND 2671 01:39:45,840 --> 01:39:47,120 PUBERTY MAY INFORM NUTRITIONAL 2672 01:39:47,120 --> 01:39:48,960 ARK SESESMENTS IN CHILDREN AND 2673 01:39:48,960 --> 01:39:50,480 ADOLESC EPTS AND HERE I'VE 2674 01:39:50,480 --> 01:39:52,920 BROKEN DOWN ASSESS WANT INTOS 2675 01:39:52,920 --> 01:39:54,840 METHODS RELATED TO MEASURING 2676 01:39:54,840 --> 01:39:57,920 STRUCTURE AND ANATOMY, PROVIDED 2677 01:39:57,920 --> 01:39:58,760 EXAMPLES. 2678 01:39:58,760 --> 01:40:00,920 TWO, PHYSIO METRIC METHODS 2679 01:40:00,920 --> 01:40:04,560 RELATED TO MEASURING 2680 01:40:04,560 --> 01:40:05,840 PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND 3 2681 01:40:05,840 --> 01:40:07,040 SOPHISTICATED MATOSCOPIC METHODS 2682 01:40:07,040 --> 01:40:08,480 FOR EXTERNAL MAN ICHGZS AND 2683 01:40:08,480 --> 01:40:09,920 THESE ARE 3 BROAD CATEGORIESA WE 2684 01:40:09,920 --> 01:40:11,720 THINK ABOUT HOW TO,A SESES 2685 01:40:11,720 --> 01:40:16,920 OUTSIDE OF THE LABORATORY. 2686 01:40:16,920 --> 01:40:18,120 THESE ARE OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO 2687 01:40:18,120 --> 01:40:23,320 THE HEGHT CARE PROVIDERS. 2688 01:40:23,320 --> 01:40:24,880 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2689 01:40:24,880 --> 01:40:28,840 SO CLINICALLY, NOT JUST 2690 01:40:28,840 --> 01:40:30,640 ENDOCRINOLOGIST BUT ELGT CARE 2691 01:40:30,640 --> 01:40:32,120 PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS IN 2692 01:40:32,120 --> 01:40:33,320 IN THE PEDIATRIC SPACE, WE 2693 01:40:33,320 --> 01:40:34,640 COMMONLY USE THESE MEASUREMENTS 2694 01:40:34,640 --> 01:40:36,680 AND THE PHYSICAL EXAM NATION, 2695 01:40:36,680 --> 01:40:37,680 SPECIFICALLY TANNER STAGING TO 2696 01:40:37,680 --> 01:40:40,160 ASSESS THE BI ONY INDICATORS OF 2697 01:40:40,160 --> 01:40:41,560 GROWTH AND PUBERTY AND WHAT IS 2698 01:40:41,560 --> 01:40:43,720 USEFUL ABOUT THESE MEASURE IS 2699 01:40:43,720 --> 01:40:45,200 THAT THEY ARE SCALABLE AND THEY 2700 01:40:45,200 --> 01:40:46,520 CAN BE RELATIVELY EASY ASK COST 2701 01:40:46,520 --> 01:40:51,200 EFFECTIVE TO DEPLOY AND PERFORM, 2702 01:40:51,200 --> 01:40:52,120 SO THESE--THE ANTHROPROMETRIC 2703 01:40:52,120 --> 01:40:53,960 MEASUREMENTS AS WELL AS PHYSICAL 2704 01:40:53,960 --> 01:40:56,520 EXAM NATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH 2705 01:40:56,520 --> 01:40:58,520 BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENTS OF 2706 01:40:58,520 --> 01:40:59,400 CONCENTRATIONS OF NUTRIENTS, 2707 01:40:59,400 --> 01:41:01,200 AGAIN, PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY 2708 01:41:01,200 --> 01:41:04,600 FOR CLINICIANS AND RESEARCHERS 2709 01:41:04,600 --> 01:41:09,960 TO ASSESS STATUS. 2710 01:41:09,960 --> 01:41:10,720 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2711 01:41:10,720 --> 01:41:12,120 AND AS THIS SLIDE SHOWS SEVERAL 2712 01:41:12,120 --> 01:41:14,360 METHODS ARE AVAILABLE TO ASSESS 2713 01:41:14,360 --> 01:41:16,920 BODY COMPOSITION AND ESTIMATE 2714 01:41:16,920 --> 01:41:18,280 ATAPPOSSITY AND BODY FAT 2715 01:41:18,280 --> 01:41:18,840 DISTRIBUTION. 2716 01:41:18,840 --> 01:41:20,720 WE COULD SPEND, A HALF HOUR ON 2717 01:41:20,720 --> 01:41:22,880 THIS SLIDE BUT THAT SAID, NOT 2718 01:41:22,880 --> 01:41:24,520 ALL THESE METHODS ARE DEPLOYABLE 2719 01:41:24,520 --> 01:41:26,120 ON A LARGE SCALE. 2720 01:41:26,120 --> 01:41:28,520 AND EACH METHOD IS LISTED IN THE 2721 01:41:28,520 --> 01:41:28,720 TABLE. 2722 01:41:28,720 --> 01:41:32,920 HAS ITS OWN PROS AND CONS AND 2723 01:41:32,920 --> 01:41:34,280 EACH METHOD VARIES WITH RESPECT 2724 01:41:34,280 --> 01:41:35,840 TO COST, EASE OF USE, ACRASE 2725 01:41:35,840 --> 01:41:37,160 MODEL SKPE BAKUGAN SCALABILITY. 2726 01:41:37,160 --> 01:41:41,560 ONE OF OUR CHARGE SYSTEM HOW TO 2727 01:41:41,560 --> 01:41:43,160 MAKE THIS PROJECT AND HAVE THIS 2728 01:41:43,160 --> 01:41:44,760 PROJECT BE USEFUL TO THE ENTIRE 2729 01:41:44,760 --> 01:41:46,640 GLOBE AND I THINK THAT WAS 2730 01:41:46,640 --> 01:41:48,120 REFLECTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL 2731 01:41:48,120 --> 01:41:49,560 PRESENCE OF OUR SPEAKERS DURING 2732 01:41:49,560 --> 01:41:54,640 THE FIRST HOUR THIS MORNING. 2733 01:41:54,640 --> 01:41:55,400 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2734 01:41:55,400 --> 01:41:57,360 AND AS THIS SLIDE SHOWS OTHER 2735 01:41:57,360 --> 01:42:00,120 EVENTS SUCH AS THE ONSET, DEGREE 2736 01:42:00,120 --> 01:42:01,480 AND REGULARITY OF MENSEITRATION 2737 01:42:01,480 --> 01:42:04,280 IN FEMALES, AND THE AGE OF THE 2738 01:42:04,280 --> 01:42:07,080 REBOUND CAN ALSO BE USED AS 2739 01:42:07,080 --> 01:42:08,440 ASSESSMENTS AND AS POETIC 2740 01:42:08,440 --> 01:42:09,640 TEBTIAL INDICATORS OF FUTURE 2741 01:42:09,640 --> 01:42:11,040 HEALTH AND YEAH, I JUST LIST 2742 01:42:11,040 --> 01:42:13,520 THESE 2 BECAUSE THESE ARE ALSO 2743 01:42:13,520 --> 01:42:15,520 METRICS THAT CAN BE--THAT CAN BE 2744 01:42:15,520 --> 01:42:18,080 EASILY OBTAINED OR AT LEAST 2745 01:42:18,080 --> 01:42:21,240 CODIFIED VIA PHYSICAL EXAM OR 2746 01:42:21,240 --> 01:42:23,840 HISTORY THAT MAY PROVIDE INSIGHT 2747 01:42:23,840 --> 01:42:27,960 INTOS 1'S NUTRITIONAL STATUS. 2748 01:42:27,960 --> 01:42:28,600 NNEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2749 01:42:28,600 --> 01:42:30,160 SO AGAIN I'M TAKING A HIGH LEVEL 2750 01:42:30,160 --> 01:42:31,920 LOOK AND TO CLOSE I'M GOING TO 2751 01:42:31,920 --> 01:42:34,280 USE THIS AS MY CLOSING SLIDO I 2752 01:42:34,280 --> 01:42:37,200 AT A ON TIME, I THOUGHT I WOULD 2753 01:42:37,200 --> 01:42:38,520 END BY HIGHLIGHTING SPECIFIC 2754 01:42:38,520 --> 01:42:41,480 NUTRITION ISSUES AND NEEDS THAT 2755 01:42:41,480 --> 01:42:44,920 ARE RELEVANT PARTICULARLY DURING 2756 01:42:44,920 --> 01:42:45,880 ADOLESCENCE, INCLUDING ENERGY 2757 01:42:45,880 --> 01:42:46,920 OVER AND UNDER CONSUCHGZ AND 2758 01:42:46,920 --> 01:42:50,040 CONNIE DID A WONDERFUL JOB 2759 01:42:50,040 --> 01:42:53,200 SHOWING THE BURDENS IN OVER 2760 01:42:53,200 --> 01:42:54,120 COMSUMPTION AND UNDERCOMSUMPTION 2761 01:42:54,120 --> 01:42:56,720 ARE OFTEN TURNED OVER OVER OUR 2762 01:42:56,720 --> 01:42:59,040 UNDER NUTRITION CAN HAVE HEALTH 2763 01:42:59,040 --> 01:42:59,400 SMLICATIONS. 2764 01:42:59,400 --> 01:43:00,920 PROTEIN NEEDS, WHICH CORRELATE 2765 01:43:00,920 --> 01:43:01,920 WITH GROWTH PATTERNS, AND CONNIE 2766 01:43:01,920 --> 01:43:03,160 TOUCH OFFICE OF DIVERSITY THAT 2767 01:43:03,160 --> 01:43:05,840 DURING HER OPENING PRESENTATION. 2768 01:43:05,840 --> 01:43:07,040 IRON WHICH WE WILL HEAR MORE 2769 01:43:07,040 --> 01:43:07,720 ABOUT LATER TODAY BUT IT WAS 2770 01:43:07,720 --> 01:43:08,920 TOUCH OFFICE OF DIVERSITY WHICH 2771 01:43:08,920 --> 01:43:11,280 IS ASSOCIATE WIDE MUSCLE MASS, 2772 01:43:11,280 --> 01:43:13,440 HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION, SO IRON 2773 01:43:13,440 --> 01:43:19,160 DEFICIENCY ANEME IS A TREMENDOUS 2774 01:43:19,160 --> 01:43:20,280 PROBLEM WORLD WIDE. 2775 01:43:20,280 --> 01:43:22,720 ZINC FOR SEXUAL GROWTH AND 2776 01:43:22,720 --> 01:43:23,480 MATURATION,ICALLUAL AND VITAMIN 2777 01:43:23,480 --> 01:43:24,880 D WHICH WILL YOU HEAR MORE ABOUT 2778 01:43:24,880 --> 01:43:25,960 IN THE NEXT 10 MINUTE WHICH IS 2779 01:43:25,960 --> 01:43:28,400 IS NECESSARY FOR BONE MINERAL 2780 01:43:28,400 --> 01:43:30,120 AND BONE MASS ACCRUAL. 2781 01:43:30,120 --> 01:43:31,800 IN THOSE--IN THOSE WOMEN THAT 2782 01:43:31,800 --> 01:43:33,840 BECOME PREGNANT, THE INCREASED 2783 01:43:33,840 --> 01:43:36,080 NEED OF IRON, CALCIUM IN 2784 01:43:36,080 --> 01:43:39,360 PREGNANCY IS STILL A PROBLEM 2785 01:43:39,360 --> 01:43:39,880 WORLD WIDE. 2786 01:43:39,880 --> 01:43:41,200 AND THEN WHICH WAS TOUCHED ON 2787 01:43:41,200 --> 01:43:43,280 ALSO BY CONNIE AND HER OPENING 2788 01:43:43,280 --> 01:43:43,960 PRESENTATION, THE POTENTIAL 2789 01:43:43,960 --> 01:43:47,920 IMPACT OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIVE 2790 01:43:47,920 --> 01:43:49,720 DIETS, NO MEDIAN DIETS AGAIN 2791 01:43:49,720 --> 01:43:53,040 GAME UP BEFORE, TOO, 2792 01:43:53,040 --> 01:43:54,440 MEDICATIONS, SO, INITIAL THE 2793 01:43:54,440 --> 01:43:57,080 MEDICATIONS WHICH MAY CAUSE 2794 01:43:57,080 --> 01:43:58,920 CONDITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, IN 2795 01:43:58,920 --> 01:43:59,920 NUTRIENTS, IN CHRONIC DISEASES 2796 01:43:59,920 --> 01:44:01,280 WHICH WAS ALSO TOUCH OFFICE OF 2797 01:44:01,280 --> 01:44:03,040 DIVERSITY EARLIER, IN THE 2798 01:44:03,040 --> 01:44:05,440 IMPACTS ON ABSORPTION OR MAYBE 2799 01:44:05,440 --> 01:44:06,280 UTILIZATION. 2800 01:44:06,280 --> 01:44:08,600 ALL OF THESE, MAY HAVE AN IMPACT 2801 01:44:08,600 --> 01:44:10,520 ON INDIVIDUALS NUTRITIONAL 2802 01:44:10,520 --> 01:44:12,120 STATUS, SO WITH THAT, I PROMISE 2803 01:44:12,120 --> 01:44:13,720 CONNIE I WOULD KEEP IT SHORT AND 2804 01:44:13,720 --> 01:44:16,560 SWEET SO I'LL WRAP IT UP BUT 2805 01:44:16,560 --> 01:44:18,120 CERTAINLY WE WILL HAVE--I THINK 2806 01:44:18,120 --> 01:44:20,400 WE DID CATCH UP ON TIME. 2807 01:44:20,400 --> 01:44:21,920 SO WE WILL HAVE HOPEFULLY TIME 2808 01:44:21,920 --> 01:44:23,560 AT THE END TO HAVE A ROBUST 2809 01:44:23,560 --> 01:44:24,440 DISCUSSION AND WITH THEY WILL 2810 01:44:24,440 --> 01:44:26,440 STOP AND TURN IT BACK TO CONNIE. 2811 01:44:26,440 --> 01:44:28,880 >> THANK YOU DREW ARE FOR THIS 2812 01:44:28,880 --> 01:44:29,920 WONDERFUL OVERVIEW OF WHAT 2813 01:44:29,920 --> 01:44:32,880 HAPPENS DURING OUR DEVELOPMENTAL 2814 01:44:32,880 --> 01:44:37,280 STAGES, SO NEXT WE'RE GOING TO 2815 01:44:37,280 --> 01:44:41,920 BABETT WHO'S EXPERTISE IS IN 2816 01:44:41,920 --> 01:44:42,280 LINEAR GROWTH. 2817 01:44:42,280 --> 01:45:02,600 >> I'M GOING TO SHARE MY SCREEN 2818 01:45:02,600 --> 01:45:03,320 HERE. 2819 01:45:03,320 --> 01:45:04,720 OKAY, WHILE THIS IS SETTING UP I 2820 01:45:04,720 --> 01:45:05,720 WANT TO THEANK THE ORGANIZERS 2821 01:45:05,720 --> 01:45:07,240 AND THE GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO 2822 01:45:07,240 --> 01:45:10,240 PARTICIPATE IN THIS REALLY 2823 01:45:10,240 --> 01:45:10,640 IMPORTANT EFFORT. 2824 01:45:10,640 --> 01:45:12,280 AND I HAVE NOTHING TO DISCLOSE, 2825 01:45:12,280 --> 01:45:18,240 I WANT TO POINT THAT OUT. 2826 01:45:18,240 --> 01:45:21,120 GROWTH--I'M GOING TO TALK VERY 2827 01:45:21,120 --> 01:45:22,120 RAPIDLY BUT BROADLY ABOUT GROWTH 2828 01:45:22,120 --> 01:45:25,840 BONE AND BODY COMPOSITION. 2829 01:45:25,840 --> 01:45:26,920 OBVIOUSLY NUTRITION IS REALLY 2830 01:45:26,920 --> 01:45:29,040 IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF THESE 2831 01:45:29,040 --> 01:45:30,400 COMPONENTS, BUT IT FIT INTOS 2832 01:45:30,400 --> 01:45:32,120 THIS BROADER CONTEXT OF THESE 2833 01:45:32,120 --> 01:45:33,360 OTHER DOMAINS THAT INFLUENCE 2834 01:45:33,360 --> 01:45:37,600 GROWTH, BONE AND BODY 2835 01:45:37,600 --> 01:45:38,760 COMPOSITION. 2836 01:45:38,760 --> 01:45:40,440 ENCLAUDEING GENETICS, OR HERRITY 2837 01:45:40,440 --> 01:45:41,080 MEANING POPULATION DIFFERENCES 2838 01:45:41,080 --> 01:45:46,120 IN SOME OF THESE OUTCOMES, 2839 01:45:46,120 --> 01:45:47,680 BIOLOGY, THE OVERALL HEALTH OF 2840 01:45:47,680 --> 01:45:49,240 THE INDIVIDUAL, AND THE SOCIAL 2841 01:45:49,240 --> 01:45:50,760 AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND ALL 2842 01:45:50,760 --> 01:45:52,120 OF THESE ALSO INTERACT WITH EACH 2843 01:45:52,120 --> 01:45:55,360 OTHER TO DETERMINE 2844 01:45:55,360 --> 01:45:55,800 NUTRITIONAL--WHETHER 2845 01:45:55,800 --> 01:45:57,120 NUTRITIONALNY NEEDS ARE BEING 2846 01:45:57,120 --> 01:45:57,520 MET. 2847 01:45:57,520 --> 01:45:59,760 NOW AS DREW VERY NICELY SET UP 2848 01:45:59,760 --> 01:46:05,520 FOR ME, LINEAR GROWTH PROCEEDS 2849 01:46:05,520 --> 01:46:07,600 THROUGH AN INTRICATE 2850 01:46:07,600 --> 01:46:10,520 COMPLEX--AND EXPANSION THAT 2851 01:46:10,520 --> 01:46:12,200 REQUIRES MACROAND MICRONUTRIENTS 2852 01:46:12,200 --> 01:46:15,440 AS SUBSTRATE IN THE TISSUE AS CO 2853 01:46:15,440 --> 01:46:16,320 FACTORS IN PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES 2854 01:46:16,320 --> 01:46:20,480 AND ALSO TO SUPPORT AND MAINTAIN 2855 01:46:20,480 --> 01:46:22,640 THE DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE 2856 01:46:22,640 --> 01:46:23,280 ENVIRONMENT. 2857 01:46:23,280 --> 01:46:26,280 FROM A PRACTICAL VANTAGE POINT, 2858 01:46:26,280 --> 01:46:28,400 WE SEE THAT--WE SEE AND MEASURE 2859 01:46:28,400 --> 01:46:31,120 LINEAR GROWTH AS THE SIZE THAT 2860 01:46:31,120 --> 01:46:32,960 INCREASES WITH AGE UNTIL ADULT 2861 01:46:32,960 --> 01:46:35,400 HEIGHT IS FINALLY REACHED. 2862 01:46:35,400 --> 01:46:36,800 BUT, AGAIN, AS DREW ALSO POINTED 2863 01:46:36,800 --> 01:46:39,560 OUT AND I'M GOING TO TALK AT 2864 01:46:39,560 --> 01:46:42,120 GREATER LEJT ABOUT, WE KNOW MORE 2865 01:46:42,120 --> 01:46:43,880 ABOUT GROWTH PROCESSES, THROUGH 2866 01:46:43,880 --> 01:46:45,520 LOOKING AT GROWTH VELOCITY. 2867 01:46:45,520 --> 01:46:48,120 AFTER THE RAPID DECLINE IN 2868 01:46:48,120 --> 01:46:50,760 GROWTH RATE FOLLOWING INFANCY, 2869 01:46:50,760 --> 01:46:53,120 THERE'S A SMALL MIDCHILDHOOD 2870 01:46:53,120 --> 01:46:57,200 GROWTH SPURT THAT OCCURS AND 2871 01:46:57,200 --> 01:46:58,480 THEN THERE ARE THE EMERGENCE OF 2872 01:46:58,480 --> 01:47:00,440 SEX DIFFERENCES AND THE TIMING 2873 01:47:00,440 --> 01:47:02,880 AND MAGNITUDE OF ADOLESCENT 2874 01:47:02,880 --> 01:47:03,120 GROWTH. 2875 01:47:03,120 --> 01:47:04,760 A MAJOR KNOWLEDGE GAP THAT WE 2876 01:47:04,760 --> 01:47:06,640 HAVE IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH 2877 01:47:06,640 --> 01:47:09,520 THESE NEW CHILDHOOD AND 2878 01:47:09,520 --> 01:47:11,200 ADOLESCENT GROWTH EVENTS ARE 2879 01:47:11,200 --> 01:47:12,920 SENSITIVE OR CRITICAL FOR 2880 01:47:12,920 --> 01:47:14,640 PERIODS FOR MEETING NUTRITIONAL 2881 01:47:14,640 --> 01:47:15,040 REQUIREMENTS. 2882 01:47:15,040 --> 01:47:17,960 OR WHETHER THERE IS THE 2883 01:47:17,960 --> 01:47:19,320 OPPORTUNITY FOR FOR CATCH UP 2884 01:47:19,320 --> 01:47:21,600 GROWTH IF THE TIMING AND MEETING 2885 01:47:21,600 --> 01:47:24,520 OF NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IS 2886 01:47:24,520 --> 01:47:25,320 NOT MET EXACTLY. 2887 01:47:25,320 --> 01:47:27,400 WE'VE LEARNED IN RECENT DECADES 2888 01:47:27,400 --> 01:47:28,520 THAT LINEAR GROWTH ACTUALLY 2889 01:47:28,520 --> 01:47:31,320 PROCEEDS AS A SERIES OF 2890 01:47:31,320 --> 01:47:33,760 MINISPURTS, AND THIS WORK BY 2891 01:47:33,760 --> 01:47:37,280 MICHELLE AMPLE AND MIKE JOHNSON, 2892 01:47:37,280 --> 01:47:40,680 AN ADOLESCENT BOY WAS MEASURED 2893 01:47:40,680 --> 01:47:42,000 DAILY FROM AGES 12.8 TO THREEN 2894 01:47:42,000 --> 01:47:45,480 .9 YEARS AND YOU CAN SEE THAT 2895 01:47:45,480 --> 01:47:47,720 THERE'S A PERIOD OF VIRTUALLY NO 2896 01:47:47,720 --> 01:47:50,000 GROWTH FOLLOWED BY STEP WISE 2897 01:47:50,000 --> 01:47:50,760 INCREASES IN HEIGHT. 2898 01:47:50,760 --> 01:47:53,160 AND IN FACT, THIS BOY HAD 2899 01:47:53,160 --> 01:47:54,840 SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN STATURE 2900 01:47:54,840 --> 01:48:01,800 ON 12 OUT OF 389 DAYS WITH AN 2901 01:48:01,800 --> 01:48:03,000 INCREASE OF 11-CENTIMETERS BUT 2902 01:48:03,000 --> 01:48:04,720 THERE WERE PERIODS WHERE THERE 2903 01:48:04,720 --> 01:48:05,680 WAS NO DETECTABLE GROWTH. 2904 01:48:05,680 --> 01:48:08,120 THIS PERIOD OF NO DETECTABLE 2905 01:48:08,120 --> 01:48:10,600 GROWTH MAY REP REISN'T A 2906 01:48:10,600 --> 01:48:12,720 SEASONAL EFFECT SUCH AS LOW 2907 01:48:12,720 --> 01:48:14,360 WINDER TIME VITAMIN D STATUS BUT 2908 01:48:14,360 --> 01:48:16,720 WE REALLY DON'T KNOW. 2909 01:48:16,720 --> 01:48:18,720 SO, IT'S--THE FREQUENCY AND 2910 01:48:18,720 --> 01:48:19,640 MAGNITUDE OF THESE MINISPURTS 2911 01:48:19,640 --> 01:48:22,840 THAT DEEMERGING IT THE TEMPO, 2912 01:48:22,840 --> 01:48:29,560 AND TIMING OF LINEAR GROWTH 2913 01:48:29,560 --> 01:48:29,800 EVENTS. 2914 01:48:29,800 --> 01:48:30,640 GROWTH TEMPO, I THINK BROAGHT 2915 01:48:30,640 --> 01:48:32,920 DREW AND I HAVE USED THIS TERM A 2916 01:48:32,920 --> 01:48:34,600 COUPLE OF TIMES, IT REFERS TO 2917 01:48:34,600 --> 01:48:36,680 THE AGE OF ONSET AND PACE AT 2918 01:48:36,680 --> 01:48:40,520 WHICH A CHILD PROGRESSES THROUGH 2919 01:48:40,520 --> 01:48:42,960 THESE MAJOR GROWTH EVENTS. 2920 01:48:42,960 --> 01:48:44,640 IN EVERY POPULATION THERE ARE 2921 01:48:44,640 --> 01:48:46,200 EARLY AVERAGE AND LATE MATURING 2922 01:48:46,200 --> 01:48:48,520 CHILDREN AS SHOWN HERE IN THIS 2923 01:48:48,520 --> 01:48:52,760 FIGURE, AND EACH HAS THEIR OWN 2924 01:48:52,760 --> 01:48:53,440 BIOLOGICAL CLOCK. 2925 01:48:53,440 --> 01:48:54,920 TEMPO ALSO VARIES BETWEEN 2926 01:48:54,920 --> 01:48:56,480 POPULATIONS, AND WHILE WE KNOW 2927 01:48:56,480 --> 01:48:58,720 THERE'S A GENETIC COMPONENT TO 2928 01:48:58,720 --> 01:49:00,320 IT, IT'S ALSO INFLUENCED BY 2929 01:49:00,320 --> 01:49:02,560 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND 2930 01:49:02,560 --> 01:49:03,280 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES THAT 2931 01:49:03,280 --> 01:49:08,280 INFLUENCE THE TIMING OF THESE 2932 01:49:08,280 --> 01:49:09,520 GROWTH EVENTS. 2933 01:49:09,520 --> 01:49:13,120 LINEAR GROWTH IS CUMULATIVE AND 2934 01:49:13,120 --> 01:49:15,400 SO, IT'S--IT'S INFLUENCED BY THE 2935 01:49:15,400 --> 01:49:17,560 NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS AND OTHER 2936 01:49:17,560 --> 01:49:19,400 INSULTS THAT OCCUR IN THE FIRST 2937 01:49:19,400 --> 01:49:20,000 THOUSAND DAYS. 2938 01:49:20,000 --> 01:49:21,440 THEREFORE IT'S DIFFICULT TO 2939 01:49:21,440 --> 01:49:23,000 IESHES DENTIFY NUTRIENTS THAT 2940 01:49:23,000 --> 01:49:26,120 LIMIT LINEAR GROWTH IN CHILDHOOD 2941 01:49:26,120 --> 01:49:27,440 AND ADOLESCENTS WITHOUT TAKING 2942 01:49:27,440 --> 01:49:31,320 INTO ACCOUNT THOSE PRIOR 2943 01:49:31,320 --> 01:49:31,680 INSULTS. 2944 01:49:31,680 --> 01:49:33,160 AND ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF 2945 01:49:33,160 --> 01:49:34,520 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POPULATIONS 2946 01:49:34,520 --> 01:49:36,520 AND WITHIN POPULATIONS IN THE 2947 01:49:36,520 --> 01:49:41,360 VARIABILITY AND GROWTH TEMPO. 2948 01:49:41,360 --> 01:49:44,000 BUT ROBERTS AND STEIN RECENTLY 2949 01:49:44,000 --> 01:49:47,040 PUBLISHED AN ANALYSIS OF A 2950 01:49:47,040 --> 01:49:47,920 METASTOD OF CHILDREN OLD THEY'RE 2951 01:49:47,920 --> 01:49:49,640 KNOW 2 YEARS OF AGE AND THEY 2952 01:49:49,640 --> 01:49:51,520 FOUND STRONG EVIDENCE FOR THESE 2953 01:49:51,520 --> 01:49:55,680 NUTRIENTS I HIGHLIGHTED IN RED, 2954 01:49:55,680 --> 01:49:59,240 ZINC, VITAMIN A AND MULTIPLE 2955 01:49:59,240 --> 01:49:59,800 MICRONUTRIENTS AND PROTEIN. 2956 01:49:59,800 --> 01:50:05,960 THIS ISN'T TO SAY THAT THOSE 2957 01:50:05,960 --> 01:50:07,560 OTHER NUTRIENTS THAT ARE LISTED 2958 01:50:07,560 --> 01:50:09,800 IN THIS TABLE AREN'T IMPORTANT 2959 01:50:09,800 --> 01:50:11,560 BUT THERE ARE LIMITED STUDIES 2960 01:50:11,560 --> 01:50:14,440 THAT DEMONSTRATED STRONG EFFECTS 2961 01:50:14,440 --> 01:50:15,640 AND ALLOCATION PROBABLY 2962 01:50:15,640 --> 01:50:17,080 INFLUENCED BY CONDITIONS LOCALLY 2963 01:50:17,080 --> 01:50:21,640 WHEN THE STUDIES WERE DONE AND 2964 01:50:21,640 --> 01:50:23,280 THE DURATION OF THE 2965 01:50:23,280 --> 01:50:24,280 SUPPLEMENTATION STUDIES SO WE 2966 01:50:24,280 --> 01:50:27,280 HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL KNOWLEDGE GAP 2967 01:50:27,280 --> 01:50:28,320 REGARDING NUTRITIONAL FACTORS 2968 01:50:28,320 --> 01:50:32,640 THAT INFLUENCE LINEAR GROWTH IN 2969 01:50:32,640 --> 01:50:38,560 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. 2970 01:50:38,560 --> 01:50:40,600 THE PATTERN OF BONE ACCRUAL WITH 2971 01:50:40,600 --> 01:50:44,000 THE RISE IN ADOLESCENT EXPTION 2972 01:50:44,000 --> 01:50:45,320 THE ARE PRONOUNED SEX DIFFERENCE 2973 01:50:45,320 --> 01:50:49,040 THAT EMERGE AT OLDER AGES 2974 01:50:49,040 --> 01:50:50,080 THERE'S ALSO INCREASING VALID 2975 01:50:50,080 --> 01:50:51,320 AND RELIABLE YAIBILITY IN BONE 2976 01:50:51,320 --> 01:50:53,400 MASS WITH AGE. 2977 01:50:53,400 --> 01:50:57,760 I'M SORRY, ACTUALLY ACCRUES AS 2978 01:50:57,760 --> 01:50:59,720 INCREASES IN TRI BECKULAR 2979 01:50:59,720 --> 01:51:01,160 THICKNESS AND CORTICAL BONE 2980 01:51:01,160 --> 01:51:03,320 EXPANSION, SO ALTHOUGH IT'S 2981 01:51:03,320 --> 01:51:04,920 LARNLLY INFLUENCED BY INCREASES 2982 01:51:04,920 --> 01:51:06,360 IN STATURE, BECAUSE OF COURSE, 2983 01:51:06,360 --> 01:51:08,840 STATURE IS DRIIVE BY THE 2984 01:51:08,840 --> 01:51:10,480 SKELETON THROUGH THESE OTHER 2985 01:51:10,480 --> 01:51:11,560 COMPONENTS OF THE COMPARTMENTS 2986 01:51:11,560 --> 01:51:15,680 OF BONE THAT INCREASE IN DENSITY 2987 01:51:15,680 --> 01:51:21,120 AND REQUIRE PROCESSES OF BONE 2988 01:51:21,120 --> 01:51:21,400 DEPOSITION. 2989 01:51:21,400 --> 01:51:24,360 PEAK BONE MASS OR THE AMOUNT OF 2990 01:51:24,360 --> 01:51:27,120 BONE THAT'S ATTAIN INDEED YOUNG 2991 01:51:27,120 --> 01:51:30,280 ADULTHOOD IS THE PRIMARY DIDY 2992 01:51:30,280 --> 01:51:31,360 TERMINANT OF OSTEOPOROSIS RISK 2993 01:51:31,360 --> 01:51:33,840 AND QUALITY OF LIFE. 2994 01:51:33,840 --> 01:51:36,520 LIFESTYLE FACTORS, POOR DIET AND 2995 01:51:36,520 --> 01:51:39,880 INADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN 2996 01:51:39,880 --> 01:51:40,800 ADVERSELY ATTAINING PEAK BONE 2997 01:51:40,800 --> 01:51:42,920 MASS AND SMALL DIFFERENCES IN 2998 01:51:42,920 --> 01:51:45,240 PEAK BONE MASS CAN HAVE 2999 01:51:45,240 --> 01:51:47,520 LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES, BONE 3000 01:51:47,520 --> 01:51:51,400 FRAGILITY LATER IN LIFE. 3001 01:51:51,400 --> 01:51:54,880 THE PATTERN OF BONE ACCRUAL AS 3002 01:51:54,880 --> 01:51:56,200 DISDINKT DIFFERENCES FROM LINEAR 3003 01:51:56,200 --> 01:51:56,680 GROWTH. 3004 01:51:56,680 --> 01:51:58,920 FIRST OF ALL PEAK BONE ACCRUAL 3005 01:51:58,920 --> 01:52:00,720 OCCURS AFTER THE PEAK AGE OF 3006 01:52:00,720 --> 01:52:01,080 VELOCITY. 3007 01:52:01,080 --> 01:52:03,360 I'M SURE YOU WILL HEAR VELOCITY 3008 01:52:03,360 --> 01:52:04,720 CURVES FOR DIFFERENT SUBGROUPS, 3009 01:52:04,720 --> 01:52:07,120 IN THE U.S., THIS IS AFRICAN 3010 01:52:07,120 --> 01:52:09,320 AMERICAN, BOYS AND GIRLS AND 3011 01:52:09,320 --> 01:52:11,200 NONAFRICAN AMERICAN BOYS AND 3012 01:52:11,200 --> 01:52:11,640 GIRLS. 3013 01:52:11,640 --> 01:52:15,440 AND THE YELLOW LINE SHOWS HEIGHT 3014 01:52:15,440 --> 01:52:16,840 VELOCITY AND THE GREEN LINE 3015 01:52:16,840 --> 01:52:18,840 SHOWS THE VELOCITY FOR WHOLE 3016 01:52:18,840 --> 01:52:20,720 BODY BONE MINERAL CONTENT. 3017 01:52:20,720 --> 01:52:24,720 AND 1 OF THE REALLY STRIKING 3018 01:52:24,720 --> 01:52:26,240 FEATURES IS NOT ONLY THAT PEAK 3019 01:52:26,240 --> 01:52:28,280 BONE MASS ACCRUAL OCCURS AFTER 3020 01:52:28,280 --> 01:52:29,720 PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY, BUT 3021 01:52:29,720 --> 01:52:32,520 THERE'S THIS BIG DIFFERENCE IN 3022 01:52:32,520 --> 01:52:36,600 THE PERCENTAGE OF BONE ACCRUAL 3023 01:52:36,600 --> 01:52:39,320 THAT OCCURS IN THE PREPIEWBITTAL 3024 01:52:39,320 --> 01:52:44,600 YEARS WHICH IS MADE UP FOR IN 3025 01:52:44,600 --> 01:52:45,560 THE LATER PUBITTAL YEARS AND 3026 01:52:45,560 --> 01:52:47,520 AFTER THE PEAK, THERE'S AN 3027 01:52:47,520 --> 01:52:49,200 EXTENDED BONE ACCRUAL THIS GOES 3028 01:52:49,200 --> 01:52:50,720 ON INTO YOUNG ADULTHOOD. 3029 01:52:50,720 --> 01:52:52,600 SO THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS TO 3030 01:52:52,600 --> 01:52:55,000 SUPPORT OPTIMAL BONE MINERAL 3031 01:52:55,000 --> 01:52:56,520 ACCRUAL EXTEND THROUGH CHILDHOOD 3032 01:52:56,520 --> 01:52:59,800 AND ADOLESCENCE AND INTO YOUNG 3033 01:52:59,800 --> 01:53:00,160 ADULTHOOD. 3034 01:53:00,160 --> 01:53:02,120 NOW THERE ARE LOTS OF NUTRIENTS 3035 01:53:02,120 --> 01:53:04,240 THAT WE KNOW FROM MOSTLY 3036 01:53:04,240 --> 01:53:05,240 EXPERIMENTAL WORK THAT ARE 3037 01:53:05,240 --> 01:53:07,000 IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING HEALTHY 3038 01:53:07,000 --> 01:53:09,280 BONES AS OUTLINES IN THIS TABLE. 3039 01:53:09,280 --> 01:53:11,520 AND I CAN'T POSSIBLY GO THROUGH 3040 01:53:11,520 --> 01:53:17,040 ALL OF THEM, THE PROBLEM IS THAT 3041 01:53:17,040 --> 01:53:19,920 IN TERMS OF HAVING REALLY STRONG 3042 01:53:19,920 --> 01:53:22,200 EVIDENCE-BASED STUDIES, BASED ON 3043 01:53:22,200 --> 01:53:23,040 RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS, THE 3044 01:53:23,040 --> 01:53:26,160 ONLY EVIDENCE THAT WE HAVE THAT 3045 01:53:26,160 --> 01:53:29,240 REALLY--OF NUTRIENTS THAT WE 3046 01:53:29,240 --> 01:53:31,040 KNOW ARE CLEARLY DEMONSTRABLE AS 3047 01:53:31,040 --> 01:53:32,640 BEING IMPORTANT AND LIMITED IN 3048 01:53:32,640 --> 01:53:35,000 SOME CASES FOR BONE ACCRUAL ARE 3049 01:53:35,000 --> 01:53:38,360 CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D. 3050 01:53:38,360 --> 01:53:41,960 HOWEVER, IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO 3051 01:53:41,960 --> 01:53:44,560 MEASURE BONE ACCRUAL OUTSIDE THE 3052 01:53:44,560 --> 01:53:46,760 RESEARCH SETTING AND FEW STUDIES 3053 01:53:46,760 --> 01:53:49,120 OF BONE ACCRUAL HAVE BEEN 3054 01:53:49,120 --> 01:53:51,440 CONDUCT INDEED RESOURCE POOR 3055 01:53:51,440 --> 01:53:52,680 SETTINGS, SO 1 POSSIBLE 3056 01:53:52,680 --> 01:53:54,160 MECHANISM WE COULD USE TO 3057 01:53:54,160 --> 01:53:56,160 MONITOR THIS IS TO LOOK AT 3058 01:53:56,160 --> 01:53:58,080 FRACTURE RATES ABOUT YOU THAT IS 3059 01:53:58,080 --> 01:54:00,120 ALSO INFLUENCED BY A NUMBER OF 3060 01:54:00,120 --> 01:54:00,720 BEHAVIORAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL 3061 01:54:00,720 --> 01:54:01,920 FACTORS SO THERE ARE FEW STUDIES 3062 01:54:01,920 --> 01:54:05,920 OF NUTRITION IN BONE ACCRUAL IN 3063 01:54:05,920 --> 01:54:07,400 RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS AND IN 3064 01:54:07,400 --> 01:54:09,240 ADDITION TO THAT, WE SUSPECT 3065 01:54:09,240 --> 01:54:12,160 THERE ARE PROBABLY FOOD OR 3066 01:54:12,160 --> 01:54:13,760 NUTRIENT GENE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3067 01:54:13,760 --> 01:54:17,880 INTERACTIONS WHICH REPRESENT A 3068 01:54:17,880 --> 01:54:19,680 PARTICULAR CHALLENGE FOR FURTHER 3069 01:54:19,680 --> 01:54:21,520 UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF THE 3070 01:54:21,520 --> 01:54:23,520 NUTRITIONAL NEEDS TO SUPPORT 3071 01:54:23,520 --> 01:54:26,360 OPTIMAL BONE ACCRUAL. 3072 01:54:26,360 --> 01:54:29,320 IN TERMS OF BODY COMPOSITION, 3073 01:54:29,320 --> 01:54:34,680 DREW AWLINGS TOUCHED ON THIS. 3074 01:54:34,680 --> 01:54:36,240 SO THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT GAINS 3075 01:54:36,240 --> 01:54:40,080 IN LEAN AND FAT MASS THAT 3076 01:54:40,080 --> 01:54:41,080 OCCURRED DURING PUBERTY. 3077 01:54:41,080 --> 01:54:43,520 LEAN MASS IS VERY IMPORTANT TO 3078 01:54:43,520 --> 01:54:44,600 SUPPORT PHYSICAL FUNCTION, WORK 3079 01:54:44,600 --> 01:54:47,320 CAN PASS INTENDEDDITY AND 3080 01:54:47,320 --> 01:54:49,200 OVERALL WELL BEING AND FAT 3081 01:54:49,200 --> 01:54:51,520 ACCRUAL IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO 3082 01:54:51,520 --> 01:54:52,600 SYRUP EPIERGY RESERVES AND 3083 01:54:52,600 --> 01:54:53,880 INSULATION OF THE BODY. 3084 01:54:53,880 --> 01:54:56,320 WHILE THEY'RE VERY RAPID CHANGES 3085 01:54:56,320 --> 01:54:57,600 THERE'S ALSO PRONOUNCED SEX 3086 01:54:57,600 --> 01:54:58,600 DIFFERENCES IN THE SIZE AND 3087 01:54:58,600 --> 01:54:59,520 DISTRIBUTION OF THAT AND LEAN 3088 01:54:59,520 --> 01:55:01,920 TISSUE WITH THE ONSET, AND 3089 01:55:01,920 --> 01:55:03,400 PROGRESSION THROUGH PUBERTY. 3090 01:55:03,400 --> 01:55:05,560 SO, OUR DEFINITION OF 3091 01:55:05,560 --> 01:55:06,720 NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NEED TO BE 3092 01:55:06,720 --> 01:55:11,360 SENSITIVE TO THESE IMPORTANT 3093 01:55:11,360 --> 01:55:12,000 BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS. 3094 01:55:12,000 --> 01:55:14,440 ALSO AS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED, 3095 01:55:14,440 --> 01:55:17,640 WHILE THERE'S UNDERWEIGHT IN 3096 01:55:17,640 --> 01:55:19,120 SOME SITUATIONS, AND 3097 01:55:19,120 --> 01:55:20,320 ACCOMPANYING DEFICITS IN FAT AND 3098 01:55:20,320 --> 01:55:21,920 LEAN TISSUE, THERE'S A BROADER 3099 01:55:21,920 --> 01:55:23,920 CONCERN ABOUT THE ALARMING RATE 3100 01:55:23,920 --> 01:55:26,160 OF OBESITY HAS SHOWN HERE WHERE 3101 01:55:26,160 --> 01:55:27,080 THERE'S INCREASING PREVALENCE OF 3102 01:55:27,080 --> 01:55:30,640 OBESITY IN THE U.S., AND WE SEE 3103 01:55:30,640 --> 01:55:32,520 THE SAME PATTERN IN MANY, MANY 3104 01:55:32,520 --> 01:55:33,360 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD. 3105 01:55:33,360 --> 01:55:38,120 AND THIS IS AN ENORMOUS CONCERN. 3106 01:55:38,120 --> 01:55:40,480 IN MANY LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME 3107 01:55:40,480 --> 01:55:44,120 COUNTRIES WE HAVE OBESITY 3108 01:55:44,120 --> 01:55:45,240 JUXTAPOSED WITH STUNTING OR 3109 01:55:45,240 --> 01:55:46,720 THINNESS AS SHOWN IN THIS FIGURE 3110 01:55:46,720 --> 01:55:48,920 AND THIS IS WHAT WE REFER TO AS 3111 01:55:48,920 --> 01:55:50,920 THE DUAL BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION. 3112 01:55:50,920 --> 01:55:54,360 THIS PATTERN IS ASSOCIATED WITH 3113 01:55:54,360 --> 01:55:57,720 NUTRIENT DENSE ENERGY DENSE BUT 3114 01:55:57,720 --> 01:55:59,880 NUTRIENT POOR FOODS, SUGAR 3115 01:55:59,880 --> 01:56:00,800 SWEETENED BEVERAGES, SATURATED 3116 01:56:00,800 --> 01:56:05,120 FATS AND LOW INTAKE OF FRESH 3117 01:56:05,120 --> 01:56:05,920 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 3118 01:56:05,920 --> 01:56:08,120 SO IN SOME WHILE WE HAVE SOME 3119 01:56:08,120 --> 01:56:09,320 KNOWLEDGE GAPS, THE MAJOR 3120 01:56:09,320 --> 01:56:10,960 NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS THAT HAVE 3121 01:56:10,960 --> 01:56:13,120 EMERGED TO OBTAIN OPTIMAL GROWTH 3122 01:56:13,120 --> 01:56:15,400 IN HEIGHT, BONE, MUSCLE AND FAT 3123 01:56:15,400 --> 01:56:18,240 IN THE PREPIEWBITTAL AND POST 3124 01:56:18,240 --> 01:56:20,000 PIEWBITTAL CHILD INCLUDE ACCESS 3125 01:56:20,000 --> 01:56:22,320 INTAKE OF SUGAR SATURATED FAT 3126 01:56:22,320 --> 01:56:25,680 AND ENERGY AND SODIUM. 3127 01:56:25,680 --> 01:56:29,000 AND INADEQUATE INTAKE OF FRUIT, 3128 01:56:29,000 --> 01:56:30,120 VEGETABLE, FIBER, CALCIUM, 3129 01:56:30,120 --> 01:56:34,560 VITAMIN D, AG NEEZIUM, 3130 01:56:34,560 --> 01:56:37,640 ALCOHOLLINE, IRON, FOALATE, 3131 01:56:37,640 --> 01:56:38,680 B-VITAMINS AND ZINC. 3132 01:56:38,680 --> 01:56:40,360 THE TIMING AND PUBERTY 3133 01:56:40,360 --> 01:56:41,800 ILLUSTRATED BY THE PURPLE REGION 3134 01:56:41,800 --> 01:56:43,920 IN THIS GRAPH IS A IMPORTANT 3135 01:56:43,920 --> 01:56:45,800 FACTOR IN IDENTIFYING NEEDS TO 3136 01:56:45,800 --> 01:56:49,080 SUPPORT RAPID GROWTH AND ASSURE 3137 01:56:49,080 --> 01:56:49,480 TIMELY MATURATION. 3138 01:56:49,480 --> 01:58:12,320 AND I WILL 3139 02:01:32,040 --> 02:01:34,880 THERE'S LOTS OF STUFF MANY OF WE 3140 02:01:34,880 --> 02:01:36,280 RECOGNIZE THAT THE BRAIN HAS 3141 02:01:36,280 --> 02:01:46,000 VARIOUS REGIONS AND IS AND THE H 3142 02:01:46,000 --> 02:01:47,520 THEY TAKE PLACE THROUGH OUT THE 3143 02:01:47,520 --> 02:01:50,120 BRAIN BUT TAKE PLACE, THEY ALL 3144 02:01:50,120 --> 02:01:53,480 HAVE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL 3145 02:01:53,480 --> 02:01:53,920 TRAJECTORIES. 3146 02:01:53,920 --> 02:01:55,480 WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE 3147 02:01:55,480 --> 02:01:59,960 VULNERABILITY TO A NUTRIENT, 3148 02:01:59,960 --> 02:02:04,400 VULNERABLE TO A NE A NUTRIENT IS 3149 02:02:04,400 --> 02:02:05,840 BASED ON THE CROSSING OVER OF 3150 02:02:05,840 --> 02:02:07,760 TWO FACTORS THAT IS WHEN A NEW 3151 02:02:07,760 --> 02:02:09,320 TREE ENTER DEFICIT IS LIKELY TO 3152 02:02:09,320 --> 02:02:11,600 OCCUR IN A POPULATION, SO, AS 3153 02:02:11,600 --> 02:02:13,640 YOU'VE BEEN HEARING, ALL ALONG 3154 02:02:13,640 --> 02:02:15,920 HERE, YOU ARE NOT AS LIKELY TO 3155 02:02:15,920 --> 02:02:19,320 EQUALLY LIKELY TO HAVE A GIVEN 3156 02:02:19,320 --> 02:02:22,840 NUTRI ENTENUTRIENT THROUGHOUT YOUR 3157 02:02:22,840 --> 02:02:23,360 PEDIATRIC LIFE SPINE. 3158 02:02:23,360 --> 02:02:26,520 YOU ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE 3159 02:02:26,520 --> 02:02:27,320 DEFICIENT THAN OTHERS. 3160 02:02:27,320 --> 02:02:30,040 IT HAS TO BE COMBINED WITH A 3161 02:02:30,040 --> 02:02:31,040 BRAIN REGION'S REQUIREMENT FOR 3162 02:02:31,040 --> 02:02:33,680 THAT NUTRIENT AT THE TIME. 3163 02:02:33,680 --> 02:02:35,200 MEANING, IF YOU HAVE A DEFICIT 3164 02:02:35,200 --> 02:02:37,200 AT A TIME WHEN A BRAIN REGION 3165 02:02:37,200 --> 02:02:39,000 DOES NOT HAVE A HIGH REQUIREMENT 3166 02:02:39,000 --> 02:02:40,920 FOR THAT NUTRIENT YOU MAY NOT 3167 02:02:40,920 --> 02:02:47,720 SEE A BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE. 3168 02:02:47,720 --> 02:02:49,360 MATUREN BLACK AND I SAY YOU 3169 02:02:49,360 --> 02:02:50,920 CAN'T GIVE THIS TALK WITHOUT 3170 02:02:50,920 --> 02:02:52,440 THIS SLIDE OR SOME VERSION OF 3171 02:02:52,440 --> 02:02:52,600 IT. 3172 02:02:52,600 --> 02:02:57,120 THIS IS FROM OUR COLLEAGUE CHUCK 3173 02:02:57,120 --> 02:02:59,080 NELSON AND IT SHOWS HUMAN BRAIN 3174 02:02:59,080 --> 02:03:00,520 ACROSS THE LIFE PAN. 3175 02:03:00,520 --> 02:03:02,080 THEY ASKED US TO TAKE A 3176 02:03:02,080 --> 02:03:02,800 DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH AND I 3177 02:03:02,800 --> 02:03:09,560 WANT TO SHOW YOU HERE, IS HOW 3178 02:03:09,560 --> 02:03:11,400 SKEWED THE X AXES AND HOW BRAIN 3179 02:03:11,400 --> 02:03:12,480 DEVELOPMENT TAKES PLACE IN THE 3180 02:03:12,480 --> 02:03:15,280 FIRST THREE YEARS OR SO WHEN 3181 02:03:15,280 --> 02:03:17,480 WE'RE SEEING ARE WAVES OF 3182 02:03:17,480 --> 02:03:19,280 DEVELOPMENT IN VARIOUS REGIONS 3183 02:03:19,280 --> 02:03:22,840 OF THE BRAIN AND THE ASSOCIATED 3184 02:03:22,840 --> 02:03:26,640 ACTIVITIES OR BEHAVE YEARS THAT BEHAVIOR T HAT GO 3185 02:03:26,640 --> 02:03:29,400 ALONG WITH IT. 3186 02:03:29,400 --> 02:03:30,440 MYELINATION STARTS TWO MONTHS 3187 02:03:30,440 --> 02:03:32,080 PRIOR TO BIRTH AND CONTINUES FOR 3188 02:03:32,080 --> 02:03:34,800 TWO YEARS AT A BRISK SPACE AND 3189 02:03:34,800 --> 02:03:36,520 GOOD PACE UP TO FIVE AND 10 3190 02:03:36,520 --> 02:03:38,160 YEARS THAT GETS US INTO THE AGE 3191 02:03:38,160 --> 02:03:39,080 RANGE THAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN 3192 02:03:39,080 --> 02:04:10,040 THIS THIS PROJECT. 3193 02:04:10,040 --> 02:04:11,680 IT'S MUCH HARDER TO CHANGE THE 3194 02:04:11,680 --> 02:04:13,040 SYSTEM OUT HERE THAN IT IS IN 3195 02:04:13,040 --> 02:04:17,080 THE EARLY TIME PERIOD. 3196 02:04:17,080 --> 02:04:19,200 IF WE SUPER IMPOSE THE 3197 02:04:19,200 --> 02:04:20,760 THREE-TIME PER IDEAS THAT WE'LL 3198 02:04:20,760 --> 02:04:22,120 BE TALKING ABOUT HERE SO THE AGE 3199 02:04:22,120 --> 02:04:28,720 IS FIVE TO NINE OR PRE PUBERTIAL 3200 02:04:28,720 --> 02:04:30,120 AND THE TEENAGE YEARS, YOU CAN 3201 02:04:30,120 --> 02:04:33,560 SEE THE EFFECTS OF ANY DESIR 3202 02:04:33,560 --> 02:04:36,120 FEE, IF THEY EFFECTED THESE 3203 02:04:36,120 --> 02:04:38,200 DEVELOPMENTAL CURVES, WOULD 3204 02:04:38,200 --> 02:04:41,040 RESULT IN A DIFFERENT BEHAVIORAL 3205 02:04:41,040 --> 02:04:42,040 PINOT TYPE. 3206 02:04:42,040 --> 02:04:44,080 THESE EARLIER DEFICITS MIGHT 3207 02:04:44,080 --> 02:04:45,320 EFFECT SYSTEMS THAT ARE INVOLVED 3208 02:04:45,320 --> 02:04:47,400 IN ATTENTION AND ENGAGEMENT 3209 02:04:47,400 --> 02:04:51,080 SPEED OF PROCESSING, MYELINATION 3210 02:04:51,080 --> 02:04:52,480 IS CONTINUING HERE BUT FURTHER 3211 02:04:52,480 --> 02:04:55,960 ON THAT SAME DEFICIT OUT IN THE 3212 02:04:55,960 --> 02:04:57,400 ADOLESCENT TIME PERIOD, MIGHT 3213 02:04:57,400 --> 02:04:59,440 GIVE YOU MORE ISSUES WITH NOW 3214 02:04:59,440 --> 02:05:01,920 OWE TRANSMITTERS AND YOU SO ON 3215 02:05:01,920 --> 02:05:08,920 AND FRONTAL FUNCTION AND 3216 02:05:08,920 --> 02:05:11,320 DEVELOPMENT. 3217 02:05:11,320 --> 02:05:12,720 ULTRA-NUTRIENT STATUS CAN EFFECT 3218 02:05:12,720 --> 02:05:14,040 BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 3219 02:05:14,040 --> 02:05:17,440 ONLY DURING THE TIME OF 3220 02:05:17,440 --> 02:05:17,720 DEFICIENCY. 3221 02:05:17,720 --> 02:05:20,200 WE WORRY ABOUT THAT WITH JUST 3222 02:05:20,200 --> 02:05:21,520 SOME THINGS THAT ARE STRAIGHT 3223 02:05:21,520 --> 02:05:23,040 FORWARD AS MORNING ENERGY INTAKE 3224 02:05:23,040 --> 02:05:27,040 OR FOOD INTAKE THROUGHOUT THE 3225 02:05:27,040 --> 02:05:29,160 DAY AND CORRELATING THAT WITH 3226 02:05:29,160 --> 02:05:31,320 SCHOOL PERFORMANCE. 3227 02:05:31,320 --> 02:05:33,640 OR CHANGES CAUGHT BY AN ACUTE OR 3228 02:05:33,640 --> 02:05:35,440 SUBACUTE DEFICIENCY. 3229 02:05:35,440 --> 02:05:36,680 ONE CAN CAUSE REVERS ABLE 3230 02:05:36,680 --> 02:05:42,120 CHANGES TO BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY, 3231 02:05:42,120 --> 02:05:43,640 THEY CAN BE GLOBAL IN EFFECT THE 3232 02:05:43,640 --> 02:05:46,360 ENTIRE BRAIN AND THEY CAN BE 3233 02:05:46,360 --> 02:05:47,480 REGIONAL AND ABOUT WHAT WE WANT 3234 02:05:47,480 --> 02:05:52,200 TO DO AND WE'LL SAY SEARCHING IS 3235 02:05:52,200 --> 02:05:54,440 WHETHER THESE TIMES NUTRIENT 3236 02:05:54,440 --> 02:05:55,920 DEFICITS CAN BE LINKED TO 3237 02:05:55,920 --> 02:05:57,520 BEHAVIOR AND WHAT TESTS DO WE 3238 02:05:57,520 --> 02:06:01,800 USE TO BRING OUT THOSE 3239 02:06:01,800 --> 02:06:03,560 RELATIONSHIPS. 3240 02:06:03,560 --> 02:06:12,200 SADLY, I THINK FEW IT SEEMS THAT 3241 02:06:12,200 --> 02:06:16,120 THE TIMING, NUTRIENTS THAT 3242 02:06:16,120 --> 02:06:18,960 AFFECT METABOLISM OR SUPPORT 3243 02:06:18,960 --> 02:06:22,560 METABOLISM IT'S MORE ABOUT THE 3244 02:06:22,560 --> 02:06:23,160 TIMING. 3245 02:06:23,160 --> 02:06:24,680 SO, THAT MAKES THE PROBLEM A 3246 02:06:24,680 --> 02:06:26,200 LITTLE BIT MORE DIFFICULT FOR 3247 02:06:26,200 --> 02:06:26,360 US. 3248 02:06:26,360 --> 02:06:28,280 I WOULD ARGUE THOUGH THAT OUR 3249 02:06:28,280 --> 02:06:31,320 BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS IT THE FACT 3250 02:06:31,320 --> 02:06:33,280 THAT ALTERATION AND NUTRIENT 3251 02:06:33,280 --> 02:06:34,760 STATUS CAN HAVE AFFECTS BEYOND 3252 02:06:34,760 --> 02:06:36,880 THE TIME OF DEFICIENCY AND 3253 02:06:36,880 --> 02:06:39,120 RESULT IN ALTERED DEVELOPMENT, 3254 02:06:39,120 --> 02:06:41,320 INCREASE RISK OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 3255 02:06:41,320 --> 02:06:42,840 AND ADULT DYSFUNCTION AND I KNOW 3256 02:06:42,840 --> 02:06:44,720 WE'LL HAVE A TALK ABOUT CRITICAL 3257 02:06:44,720 --> 02:06:46,840 PERIODS OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND 3258 02:06:46,840 --> 02:06:49,520 THAT IS IMPORTANT HERE. 3259 02:06:49,520 --> 02:06:52,080 THIS OCCURS FAIRLY ALL O EARLY ON AND 3260 02:06:52,080 --> 02:06:56,800 THE EMPHASIS IS ON THE FIRST 3261 02:06:56,800 --> 02:06:58,840 1,000 DAYS BUT THERE'S 3262 02:06:58,840 --> 02:07:00,360 POSSIBILITY TO EXPLORE WHETHER 3263 02:07:00,360 --> 02:07:01,720 ANOTHER PER IDEA OF RAPID 3264 02:07:01,720 --> 02:07:03,320 GROWTH, ADOLESCENTS, THERE ARE 3265 02:07:03,320 --> 02:07:08,400 CRITICAL OR SENSITIVE PERIODS 3266 02:07:08,400 --> 02:07:10,120 THERE. 3267 02:07:10,120 --> 02:07:13,000 THE COST TO SOCIETY IS FROM THE 3268 02:07:13,000 --> 02:07:14,320 LONG-TERM EFFECTS. 3269 02:07:14,320 --> 02:07:16,080 THE LOSS OF JOB POTENTIAL, 3270 02:07:16,080 --> 02:07:19,480 EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL, AND I 3271 02:07:19,480 --> 02:07:22,480 LIKE THIS QUOTE IN 2008 THAT 3272 02:07:22,480 --> 02:07:24,760 ERADICATING THE IRONS MAKING 3273 02:07:24,760 --> 02:07:29,240 IODINE DEFICIENCY WOULD INCREASE 3274 02:07:29,240 --> 02:07:33,280 THE WORLD'S IQ POINTS BY 10. 3275 02:07:33,280 --> 02:07:35,200 ALL NUTRIENTS ARE IMPORTANT FOR 3276 02:07:35,200 --> 02:07:37,280 THE BRAIN TO FUNCTION AND SOME 3277 02:07:37,280 --> 02:07:39,040 HAVE MORE, A GREATER EFFECT ON 3278 02:07:39,040 --> 02:07:41,440 BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ULTIMATELY 3279 02:07:41,440 --> 02:07:46,120 ADULT FUNCTION AND SOME SOME BE 3280 02:07:46,120 --> 02:07:48,400 CONDITIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE MIXED 3281 02:07:48,400 --> 02:07:50,840 ON NUTRIENTS THAT STUNTING CAN 3282 02:07:50,840 --> 02:07:52,520 BE CAUSED BY ANY NUMBER OF 3283 02:07:52,520 --> 02:07:54,680 NUTRIENTS AND UNDERWAY AND 3284 02:07:54,680 --> 02:07:57,920 OBESITY AND WE CAN BREAK IT DOWN 3285 02:07:57,920 --> 02:08:00,120 IF THE MACRO AND MICRO NUTRIENTS 3286 02:08:00,120 --> 02:08:02,640 AND I'VE HIGHLIGHTED THE MICRO 3287 02:08:02,640 --> 02:08:03,560 NUTRIENTS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST 3288 02:08:03,560 --> 02:08:06,280 AND THEN I'VE SUPER SCRIPTED 3289 02:08:06,280 --> 02:08:08,040 THESE TO TALK ABOUT, IT'S NOT 3290 02:08:08,040 --> 02:08:15,400 JUST ABOUT THE AN A ANATOMY BUT WHAT 3291 02:08:15,400 --> 02:08:16,440 MAKES THOSE THINGS WORK 3292 02:08:16,440 --> 02:08:18,200 INCLUDING THE NEURO CHEMISTRY, 3293 02:08:18,200 --> 02:08:20,160 WHICH MEANS NEURO TRANSMITTERS, 3294 02:08:20,160 --> 02:08:23,360 THE KNEW OWE PHYSIOLOGY AND 3295 02:08:23,360 --> 02:08:24,520 GENERATE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL 3296 02:08:24,520 --> 02:08:26,800 AND EFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, 3297 02:08:26,800 --> 02:08:29,360 CERTAINLY IN RODENT MODELS, WE 3298 02:08:29,360 --> 02:08:33,600 SEE EPI GENETIC EFFECTS OF THESE 3299 02:08:33,600 --> 02:08:35,640 NUTRIENTS, NOT JUST IN THE 3300 02:08:35,640 --> 02:08:37,840 NEONATAL PERIOD BUT BEYOND SO 3301 02:08:37,840 --> 02:08:40,200 THE REQUEST WE WANT TO ASK IS 3302 02:08:40,200 --> 02:08:42,320 CAN THESE BE PARSED OUT BY AGES 3303 02:08:42,320 --> 02:08:44,720 AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. 3304 02:08:44,720 --> 02:08:47,040 THIS IS JUST MY KIND OF POSTER 3305 02:08:47,040 --> 02:08:47,400 CHILD EXAMPLE. 3306 02:08:47,400 --> 02:08:50,120 PEOPLE THINK OF ME AS AN IRON 3307 02:08:50,120 --> 02:08:50,720 RESEARCHER. 3308 02:08:50,720 --> 02:08:53,640 I USE IRON AS A PARADIGM FOR 3309 02:08:53,640 --> 02:08:55,120 MANY NUTRIENTS BECAUSE SO IT IS 3310 02:08:55,120 --> 02:08:57,440 WELL STUDIED AND ITS BIOLOGY IS 3311 02:08:57,440 --> 02:08:58,560 QUITE WELL-KNOWN. 3312 02:08:58,560 --> 02:09:02,240 HERE ARE THE THRO THREE TIMES WHERE 3313 02:09:02,240 --> 02:09:04,960 YOU ARE IRON DEFICIENT IN YOUR 3314 02:09:04,960 --> 02:09:06,040 PEDIATRIC LIFESPAN. 3315 02:09:06,040 --> 02:09:08,840 AT BIRTH BECAUSE OF LACK OF 3316 02:09:08,840 --> 02:09:10,400 FEEDAL LOADING AND DURING 3317 02:09:10,400 --> 02:09:11,560 TODDLERHOOD AND THEN AGAIN 3318 02:09:11,560 --> 02:09:27,360 DURING TEENAGE YEARS, AS WHEN 3319 02:09:27,360 --> 02:09:29,880 THAT DEFICIENCY OCCURS. 3320 02:09:29,880 --> 02:09:30,920 FEE TUS AND LEARNING AND MEMORY 3321 02:09:30,920 --> 02:09:35,280 BECAUSE THE HIPPOCAMPUS IS 3322 02:09:35,280 --> 02:09:48,000 RAPIDLY AND JOHN BEARD AND OTHER 3323 02:09:48,000 --> 02:09:51,320 PEOPLE'S WORK LOOKING IN THE 3324 02:09:51,320 --> 02:09:53,160 TEENAGER WITH THERE'S MOOD 3325 02:09:53,160 --> 02:09:58,120 AFFECT, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION 3326 02:09:58,120 --> 02:09:58,320 ISSUES. 3327 02:09:58,320 --> 02:10:00,120 I'M SO GLAD THE PREVIOUS 3328 02:10:00,120 --> 02:10:01,880 SPEAKERS TALKED ABOUT NON 3329 02:10:01,880 --> 02:10:02,680 NUTRITIONAL FACTORS AS WELL. 3330 02:10:02,680 --> 02:10:04,200 IT'S NOT ALL ABOUT SUPPLY AND IT 3331 02:10:04,200 --> 02:10:06,440 MAY INFORM US IN TERMS OF HOW WE 3332 02:10:06,440 --> 02:10:11,160 APPROACH SU SUPPLEMENTATION. 3333 02:10:11,160 --> 02:10:14,040 SOMETIMES IT'S NON NUTRITIONAL. 3334 02:10:14,040 --> 02:10:16,520 THIS IS THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF 3335 02:10:16,520 --> 02:10:20,520 THE TWO-WAY STREET BETWEEN 3336 02:10:20,520 --> 02:10:21,160 NUTRIENTS AND STRESS. 3337 02:10:21,160 --> 02:10:23,520 I WANT TO JUST SPEND A LITTLE 3338 02:10:23,520 --> 02:10:26,120 TIME ON THIS TOP PART P STRESS, 3339 02:10:26,120 --> 02:10:27,600 WHETHER IT'S INFECTIOUS STRESS 3340 02:10:27,600 --> 02:10:30,240 OR EVEN POTENTIALLY 3341 02:10:30,240 --> 02:10:32,120 PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, IS CLOSELY 3342 02:10:32,120 --> 02:10:37,720 LINKED TO INCREASED CYTOKINE, 3343 02:10:37,720 --> 02:10:39,360 CORTISOL ACTIVATION AND FIGHT OR 3344 02:10:39,360 --> 02:10:40,760 FLIGHT PHENOMENON AND GROWTH IS 3345 02:10:40,760 --> 02:10:42,320 REALLY ICING ON THE CAKE. 3346 02:10:42,320 --> 02:10:45,400 IT'S ONLY WHEN YOU ARE IN A 3347 02:10:45,400 --> 02:10:46,480 SOLID METABOLIC STATE THAT YOU 3348 02:10:46,480 --> 02:10:49,200 ARE GOING TO UTILIZE THOSE 3349 02:10:49,200 --> 02:10:50,560 NUTRIENTS FOR GROWTH OTHERWISE 3350 02:10:50,560 --> 02:10:53,680 YOU WILL DIVERT AMINO ACIDS, 3351 02:10:53,680 --> 02:10:56,920 HIDE IRON THROUGH THE WORK OF 3352 02:10:56,920 --> 02:10:58,280 HELP SIDE AND BOTH OF WHICH WILL 3353 02:10:58,280 --> 02:11:00,400 SHORT THE BRAIN OF AMINO ACIDS 3354 02:11:00,400 --> 02:11:02,720 THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR GROWTH AS 3355 02:11:02,720 --> 02:11:04,800 WELL AS IRON DEFICIENCY WHICH IS 3356 02:11:04,800 --> 02:11:05,760 OBVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR 3357 02:11:05,760 --> 02:11:11,560 BRAIN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. 3358 02:11:11,560 --> 02:11:15,080 THIS IS A BUYOLOGY BEHIND ALL OF 3359 02:11:15,080 --> 02:11:16,320 THIS, DREW HAD IT UP IN THE 3360 02:11:16,320 --> 02:11:17,960 UPPER CORNER THE SIGNALING 3361 02:11:17,960 --> 02:11:18,200 SYSTEM. 3362 02:11:18,200 --> 02:11:23,040 IMAGINE HERE, A CELL MEMBRANE 3363 02:11:23,040 --> 02:11:24,920 AND THE NEURON, IT HAS SENSORS 3364 02:11:24,920 --> 02:11:29,360 FOR THIS PATHWAY FOR BRANCH 3365 02:11:29,360 --> 02:11:29,960 AMINO ACIDS. 3366 02:11:29,960 --> 02:11:33,120 AS WELL AS FOR THE GROWTH 3367 02:11:33,120 --> 02:11:34,640 FACTORS LIKE BRAIN DERIVE AND IG 3368 02:11:34,640 --> 02:11:36,720 F-1 WHICH ARE DRIVEN BY 3369 02:11:36,720 --> 02:11:38,760 NUTRIENTS. 3370 02:11:38,760 --> 02:11:41,160 THESE CAN BE INHIBITED BY THE 3371 02:11:41,160 --> 02:11:44,680 PRESENCE, INCREASE PRESENCE OF 3372 02:11:44,680 --> 02:11:45,920 STEROIDS OR INFLAMMATION. 3373 02:11:45,920 --> 02:11:47,720 THE OUTPUT OF THIS SYSTEM IS 3374 02:11:47,720 --> 02:11:55,360 CELL SIZES, SURVIVAL, 3375 02:11:55,360 --> 02:11:56,240 TRANSCRIPTION RATES IN THE 3376 02:11:56,240 --> 02:11:56,520 BRAIN. 3377 02:11:56,520 --> 02:11:57,320 THINKING ABOUT WRITING THIS 3378 02:11:57,320 --> 02:12:11,440 SECTION OF THE APPROACHING IT 3379 02:12:11,440 --> 02:12:13,880 WHETHER THEY'RE ACUTE ON 3380 02:12:13,880 --> 02:12:14,520 PERFORMANCE OR CHRONIC IN TERMS 3381 02:12:14,520 --> 02:12:16,840 OF STRUCTURE AND GENE 3382 02:12:16,840 --> 02:12:17,120 PROGRAMMING. 3383 02:12:17,120 --> 02:12:21,200 WE WOULD REVIEW THE PRE CLINICAL 3384 02:12:21,200 --> 02:12:23,320 STUDY AND LINK THAT BIOLOGY AND 3385 02:12:23,320 --> 02:12:26,360 PRE CLINICAL STUDIES TO OUR 3386 02:12:26,360 --> 02:12:28,560 HUMAN STUDIES TO COMMENT ON THE 3387 02:12:28,560 --> 02:12:29,560 CLOSENESS TO FIT WITH THE 3388 02:12:29,560 --> 02:12:31,080 SENSITIVITY TO THE ROLES OF THE 3389 02:12:31,080 --> 02:12:32,720 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, THOSE 3390 02:12:32,720 --> 02:12:35,240 THREE STAGES WE TALKED ABOUT. 3391 02:12:35,240 --> 02:12:42,880 AND FOOD-BASED VERSUS INDIVIDUAL 3392 02:12:42,880 --> 02:12:43,520 NUTRIENT HUMAN BASED. 3393 02:12:43,520 --> 02:12:46,520 WHAT WE DO IS TO THINK ABOUT NON 3394 02:12:46,520 --> 02:12:49,360 NUTRITIONAL MITIGATING FACTORS 3395 02:12:49,360 --> 02:12:50,640 THAT ALTER A NEW TREE ENTER 3396 02:12:50,640 --> 02:12:52,880 ACCESS AND UTILIZATION AND 3397 02:12:52,880 --> 02:12:55,120 THERE'S ANOTHER FIELD ON NEURO 3398 02:12:55,120 --> 02:12:55,400 REGULATION. 3399 02:12:55,400 --> 02:12:56,920 A FEEDING AND FEEDING BEHAVIORS 3400 02:12:56,920 --> 02:12:58,320 THAT I THINK JULIA WILL TALK 3401 02:12:58,320 --> 02:12:59,520 ABOUT IN A LITTLE WHILE. 3402 02:12:59,520 --> 02:13:05,080 I'M GOING TO STOP THERE. 3403 02:13:05,080 --> 02:13:09,400 >> THANK YOU, MICHAEL. 3404 02:13:09,400 --> 02:13:10,800 IT'S ALWAYS A PLEASURE TO HEAR 3405 02:13:10,800 --> 02:13:11,400 YOU TALK. 3406 02:13:11,400 --> 02:13:15,160 WE NEED TO KEEP MOVING. 3407 02:13:15,160 --> 02:13:16,560 JENN WARD WILL TALK TO US ABOUT 3408 02:13:16,560 --> 02:13:21,440 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND SHE HAS 3409 02:13:21,440 --> 02:13:24,880 SUPPORT FROM RON KLEINMAN ON 3410 02:13:24,880 --> 02:13:25,480 DEVELOPING THIS SECTION. 3411 02:13:25,480 --> 02:13:27,520 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 3412 02:13:27,520 --> 02:13:29,880 SPECIAL NOD TO Dr. CLYMAN FOR 3413 02:13:29,880 --> 02:13:34,680 HIS PARTNERSHIP ON THIS SESSION. 3414 02:13:34,680 --> 02:13:37,360 WE'RE MOVING TO A BEHAVIOR IN 3415 02:13:37,360 --> 02:13:40,320 THE PHYSICA PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL 3416 02:13:40,320 --> 02:13:43,120 ACTIVITY AND CLEARLY PHYSICAL 3417 02:13:43,120 --> 02:13:45,000 ACTIVITY HAS A IMPORTANT DEMAND 3418 02:13:45,000 --> 02:13:49,920 ON ENERGY NEEDS AND NUTRIENT 3419 02:13:49,920 --> 02:13:52,160 NEEDS BUT IN TERM, DIET QUALITY, 3420 02:13:52,160 --> 02:13:53,440 ENERGY ALSO IMPACT PHYSICAL 3421 02:13:53,440 --> 02:13:54,640 ACTIVITIES TO THAT BY 3422 02:13:54,640 --> 02:13:55,320 DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP IS 3423 02:13:55,320 --> 02:13:57,560 SOMETHING I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT 3424 02:13:57,560 --> 02:13:58,680 AND KEEP CENTRAL TO THIS 3425 02:13:58,680 --> 02:14:00,440 SECTION. 3426 02:14:00,440 --> 02:14:01,600 IMPORTANTLY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3427 02:14:01,600 --> 02:14:04,520 HAVE INDEPENDENT AND SYNERGISTIC 3428 02:14:04,520 --> 02:14:07,840 EFFECTS ON OUTCOMES INCLUSIVE OF 3429 02:14:07,840 --> 02:14:10,000 OBESITY, INFLAMMATION, AND 3430 02:14:10,000 --> 02:14:12,160 COGNITION, BEHAVIOR AND OF 3431 02:14:12,160 --> 02:14:14,360 COURSE MUSCLE AND BONE GROWTH. 3432 02:14:14,360 --> 02:14:16,720 AND IN ACROSS THE BOTTOM 3433 02:14:16,720 --> 02:14:18,200 HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW OF THIS TIME 3434 02:14:18,200 --> 02:14:20,520 PERIOD THE SCHOOL YEARS AND THE 3435 02:14:20,520 --> 02:14:22,240 STEEP DECLINE IN PHYSICAL 3436 02:14:22,240 --> 02:14:23,000 ACTIVITY, CHILDREN AND YOUTH 3437 02:14:23,000 --> 02:14:24,720 MEETING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3438 02:14:24,720 --> 02:14:27,640 RECOMMENDATIONS, IT'S SORT OF 3439 02:14:27,640 --> 02:14:30,640 REALLY DRANK MASS TICKLY OVER 3440 02:14:30,640 --> 02:14:32,720 THE PUBERAL YEARS. 3441 02:14:32,720 --> 02:14:34,920 FOR THOSE THAT AREN'T FULLY 3442 02:14:34,920 --> 02:14:37,960 AWARE, W.H.O. HAS PUT FOURTH 60 3443 02:14:37,960 --> 02:14:40,120 MINUTES A DAY OF PHYSICAL 3444 02:14:40,120 --> 02:14:41,840 ACTIVITY WHICH SHOULD BE 3445 02:14:41,840 --> 02:14:42,880 MODERATE TO VIGOROUS. 3446 02:14:42,880 --> 02:14:44,400 WE LIKE TO THINK ABOUT 3447 02:14:44,400 --> 02:14:44,680 INTENSITY. 3448 02:14:44,680 --> 02:14:45,920 MOST SHOULD BE AEROBIC. 3449 02:14:45,920 --> 02:14:48,640 WITHIN THAT, THROW DAYS A WEEK 3450 02:14:48,640 --> 02:14:50,640 SHOULD ENCLOUD VIGOROUS ACTIVITY 3451 02:14:50,640 --> 02:14:52,880 AND KEY TO MUSCLE AND BONE 3452 02:14:52,880 --> 02:14:53,440 STRENGTHENING ACTIVITIES AT 3453 02:14:53,440 --> 02:14:54,720 LEAST THOSE THREE DAYS. 3454 02:14:54,720 --> 02:14:56,640 ON THE FLIP SIDE, NOT JUST 3455 02:14:56,640 --> 02:14:57,440 THINKING ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3456 02:14:57,440 --> 02:15:00,320 WE REALLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT 3457 02:15:00,320 --> 02:15:01,240 LIMITING SCREEN TIME AND 3458 02:15:01,240 --> 02:15:03,920 SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS. 3459 02:15:03,920 --> 02:15:05,680 IN THIS FIELD WE LIKE TO THINK 3460 02:15:05,680 --> 02:15:07,440 ABOUT DOSE AND HOW IT IMPACTS 3461 02:15:07,440 --> 02:15:09,160 HEALTH OUTCOMES. 3462 02:15:09,160 --> 02:15:10,400 THAT IMPACT THAT ALSO HAS ON 3463 02:15:10,400 --> 02:15:15,400 DIET AND NUTRIENT QUALITY AND 3464 02:15:15,400 --> 02:15:18,320 NEEDS AND JUST AS IMPORTANT TO 3465 02:15:18,320 --> 02:15:19,760 HOW MODERATE AND VIGOROUS 3466 02:15:19,760 --> 02:15:21,400 CHILDREN ARE THROUGHOUT THEIR 3467 02:15:21,400 --> 02:15:25,520 EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL YEARS. 3468 02:15:25,520 --> 02:15:26,880 I WANT TO START WAY GLOBAL 3469 02:15:26,880 --> 02:15:27,760 PERSPECTIVE ON WHERE WE ARE WITH 3470 02:15:27,760 --> 02:15:31,440 PHYSICAL INACTIVE TEE AND THIS 3471 02:15:31,440 --> 02:15:34,480 IS SELF-REPORT OF OLD ARE 3472 02:15:34,480 --> 02:15:47,920 CHILDREN AND JUST HIGHLIGHT YOU 3473 02:15:47,920 --> 02:15:50,680 CAN SEE HOW MANY REGIONS ARE 3474 02:15:50,680 --> 02:15:52,120 ALREADY AT THAT LEVEL OF 3475 02:15:52,120 --> 02:15:53,480 SELF-REPORT, I'M NOT ACTIVE SO 3476 02:15:53,480 --> 02:15:54,640 THAT'S PRETTY IMPORTANT TO 3477 02:15:54,640 --> 02:15:55,600 CONSIDER WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT 3478 02:15:55,600 --> 02:15:57,480 THE NUTRIENT QUALITY AND 3479 02:15:57,480 --> 02:16:01,080 NUTRIENT NEEDS WHEN WE ARE 3480 02:16:01,080 --> 02:16:01,720 ASSESSING CHILDREN AND THINKING 3481 02:16:01,720 --> 02:16:07,000 ABOUT REGIONALLY AS WELL. 3482 02:16:07,000 --> 02:16:08,760 IF YOU LOOK AT THIS BY INCOME 3483 02:16:08,760 --> 02:16:10,360 STATUS THE RIGHT OF THE VERTICAL 3484 02:16:10,360 --> 02:16:12,240 DOTTED LINE YOU CAN SEE LOWER 3485 02:16:12,240 --> 02:16:13,960 INCOME COUNTRIES VERSUS A HIGHER 3486 02:16:13,960 --> 02:16:16,120 INCOME COUNTRIES IN THESE HIGHER 3487 02:16:16,120 --> 02:16:17,560 INCOME COUNTRIES THERE'S A LOWER 3488 02:16:17,560 --> 02:16:18,960 PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN THAT ARE 3489 02:16:18,960 --> 02:16:20,600 PHYSICALLY INACTIVE THAT ARE 3490 02:16:20,600 --> 02:16:22,040 SIGNIFICANT AND THERE IS THIS 3491 02:16:22,040 --> 02:16:23,720 LARGE DISPARITY STILL BETWEEN 3492 02:16:23,720 --> 02:16:26,520 BOYS AND GIRLS WHERE AS IN LOWER 3493 02:16:26,520 --> 02:16:27,120 INCOME COUNTRIES THEY'RE MORE 3494 02:16:27,120 --> 02:16:28,520 PHYSICALLY INACTIVE OR 3495 02:16:28,520 --> 02:16:29,280 SELF-REPORTED THAT AND THERE'S 3496 02:16:29,280 --> 02:16:31,040 LESS OF A DISPARITY BETWEEN BOYS 3497 02:16:31,040 --> 02:16:32,920 AND GIRLS SO, JUST KEEPING THIS 3498 02:16:32,920 --> 02:16:34,120 CONTEXT IN MIND AS WE'RE 3499 02:16:34,120 --> 02:16:35,200 THINKING ABOUT THEIR NUTRIENT 3500 02:16:35,200 --> 02:16:39,000 AND ENERGY NEEDS. 3501 02:16:39,000 --> 02:16:40,600 WE LIKE TO MEASURE THINGS 3502 02:16:40,600 --> 02:16:41,840 OBJECTIVELY TO GET MORE AT THE 3503 02:16:41,840 --> 02:16:43,040 DOSE BECAUSE AGAIN THOSE 3504 02:16:43,040 --> 02:16:43,960 RECOMMENDATIONS ARE THERE FOR A 3505 02:16:43,960 --> 02:16:46,040 REASON FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES. 3506 02:16:46,040 --> 02:16:53,880 SO TOTE ACTIVITY HERE ON THE 3507 02:16:53,880 --> 02:16:55,160 FAR-LEFT, YOU CAN SEE AS EARLY 3508 02:16:55,160 --> 02:16:57,680 AS THE AGE OF 50, WE SEE A 3509 02:16:57,680 --> 02:16:58,920 DECLINE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3510 02:16:58,920 --> 02:17:00,280 THROUGH THE AGES OF 18. 3511 02:17:00,280 --> 02:17:14,680 BOTH IN BOYS AND WE SEE A SEX 3512 02:17:14,680 --> 02:17:16,240 DISPARITY AND DECLINE OVER THOSE 3513 02:17:16,240 --> 02:17:17,720 YEARS AND INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, 3514 02:17:17,720 --> 02:17:20,120 IF YOU THINK ABOUT TIME BEING 3515 02:17:20,120 --> 02:17:21,920 SEDENTARY IT HAS INDEPENDENT 3516 02:17:21,920 --> 02:17:23,760 EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND ENERGY 3517 02:17:23,760 --> 02:17:25,440 NEEDS AND YOU CAN SEE AFTER THE 3518 02:17:25,440 --> 02:17:28,120 AGE OF LIKE FIVE, SIX, YOU KNOW, 3519 02:17:28,120 --> 02:17:30,000 UPWARDS OF LIKE NINE OR 10 WE 3520 02:17:30,000 --> 02:17:32,600 REALLY SEE A HUGE INCREASES IN 3521 02:17:32,600 --> 02:17:34,600 SEDENTARY TIME AND ACTUALLY MORE 3522 02:17:34,600 --> 02:17:36,720 SO WITH FEMALES THAN MALES AS WE 3523 02:17:36,720 --> 02:17:38,640 GO THROUGH PUBERTY AND EARLY 3524 02:17:38,640 --> 02:17:43,040 ADOLESCENTS AND ADOLESCENCE. 3525 02:17:43,040 --> 02:17:44,920 AND ANOTHER DISPARITY I WANT TO 3526 02:17:44,920 --> 02:17:46,800 HIGHLIGHT OF COURSE IS THE BMI 3527 02:17:46,800 --> 02:17:48,640 STATUS AND HOW IT MIGHT IMPACT 3528 02:17:48,640 --> 02:17:50,240 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND YOU 3529 02:17:50,240 --> 02:17:52,600 CAN SEE, REALLY TAKING 3530 02:17:52,600 --> 02:17:53,240 CONSIDERATION BOTH OVER WEIGHT 3531 02:17:53,240 --> 02:17:56,080 AND OBESITY BY BMI STATUS AND 3532 02:17:56,080 --> 02:17:57,560 LOOKING AT BOYS HERE ON THE LEFT 3533 02:17:57,560 --> 02:17:59,360 AT THE TOP LINES, VERSUS GIRLS 3534 02:17:59,360 --> 02:18:02,440 ON THE BOTTOM LINES SO AS YOU 3535 02:18:02,440 --> 02:18:03,520 PROGRESS THROUGH CHILDHOOD 3536 02:18:03,520 --> 02:18:06,320 THROUGH ADOLESCENCE, BMI HAVE A 3537 02:18:06,320 --> 02:18:07,480 SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON BOYS AND 3538 02:18:07,480 --> 02:18:08,680 GIRLS BUT INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, 3539 02:18:08,680 --> 02:18:10,160 OVER ON THE RIGHT, YOU CAN SEE 3540 02:18:10,160 --> 02:18:12,440 THAT INCREASES IN BMI IN BOYS 3541 02:18:12,440 --> 02:18:14,520 HAS MORE OF AN IMPACT ON 3542 02:18:14,520 --> 02:18:15,880 DECLINES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. 3543 02:18:15,880 --> 02:18:18,280 SO THE EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN IN 3544 02:18:18,280 --> 02:18:19,800 FEMALES ACTUALLY HAS LESS OF AN 3545 02:18:19,800 --> 02:18:21,320 IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND 3546 02:18:21,320 --> 02:18:24,080 PARTIALLY IN PART BECAUSE GIRLS 3547 02:18:24,080 --> 02:18:25,440 ARE LESS PHYSICALLY ACTIVE BUT 3548 02:18:25,440 --> 02:18:29,000 HAVING A HUGE IMPACT ON MALES. 3549 02:18:29,000 --> 02:18:30,720 WE ARE THINKING ABOUT THE 3550 02:18:30,720 --> 02:18:32,040 NUTRIENT NEEDS OF CHILDREN AND 3551 02:18:32,040 --> 02:18:33,480 OF COURSE THEY SPEND AN ENORMOUS 3552 02:18:33,480 --> 02:18:35,160 AMOUNT OF TIME IN SCHOOL AND WE 3553 02:18:35,160 --> 02:18:36,920 THINK A LOT ABOUT SCHOOL MEALS, 3554 02:18:36,920 --> 02:18:38,160 BREAKFASTS AND WE HAD EARLY 3555 02:18:38,160 --> 02:18:41,920 TALKS TODAY TALKING ABOUT REALLY 3556 02:18:41,920 --> 02:18:45,640 WORKING WITH NUTRIENT STATs 3557 02:18:45,640 --> 02:18:46,920 DURING THE SCHOOL DAY AND THE 60 3558 02:18:46,920 --> 02:18:49,360 MINUTE A DAY OF PHYSICAL 3559 02:18:49,360 --> 02:18:50,320 ACTIVITY, 30 WE RECOMMEND AT 3560 02:18:50,320 --> 02:18:51,600 LEAST HERE IN THE U.S. HAPPENS 3561 02:18:51,600 --> 02:18:52,600 DURING THIS SCHOOL DAY. 3562 02:18:52,600 --> 02:18:54,920 AND HERE IS JUST A SNAPSHOT IN 3563 02:18:54,920 --> 02:18:57,440 URBAN SCHOOLS, REALLY LOOKING 3564 02:18:57,440 --> 02:18:59,400 PRE-K THROUGH THE EARLY 3565 02:18:59,400 --> 02:19:02,320 ELEMENTARY YEARS AND ALREADY 3566 02:19:02,320 --> 02:19:04,360 SEEING CHILDREN, ABOUT 18% OF 3567 02:19:04,360 --> 02:19:05,560 PRESCHOOLERS MEETING THAT 3568 02:19:05,560 --> 02:19:06,680 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE SCHOOL 3569 02:19:06,680 --> 02:19:08,680 DAY ARE ALREADY IN FIRST GRADE, 3570 02:19:08,680 --> 02:19:11,080 THIRD GRID, FIFTH GRADE, ONLY 3571 02:19:11,080 --> 02:19:12,560 28% OF THOSE KIDS MEETING THE 3572 02:19:12,560 --> 02:19:13,920 SCHOOL DAY RECOMMENDATIONS AND 3573 02:19:13,920 --> 02:19:15,280 ALREADY DECLINING IN THOSE EARLY 3574 02:19:15,280 --> 02:19:17,120 YEARS AND BY SEX STATUS. 3575 02:19:17,120 --> 02:19:19,600 SO, THAT SEX DISPARITY WE SEE 3576 02:19:19,600 --> 02:19:21,400 GLOBALLY AND ACROSS THE BOARD, 3577 02:19:21,400 --> 02:19:28,320 ALSO TRANSLATES INTO THE SCHOOL 3578 02:19:28,320 --> 02:19:30,960 DAY. 3579 02:19:30,960 --> 02:19:33,560 THIS IS A FIRST GRADE CLASSROOM 3580 02:19:33,560 --> 02:19:35,760 AND THEY'RE ON OR OFF AND AGAIN, 3581 02:19:35,760 --> 02:19:38,120 MODERN TO VIGOROUS HERE ARE 3582 02:19:38,120 --> 02:19:38,960 THESE LINES. 3583 02:19:38,960 --> 02:19:40,560 PEAKING UP ONLY A COUPLE TIMES 3584 02:19:40,560 --> 02:19:44,520 DURING THE SCHOOL DAY AND DURING 3585 02:19:44,520 --> 02:19:46,320 IT'S VERY, VERY LIGHT ACTIVITY 3586 02:19:46,320 --> 02:19:47,000 AND SEDENTARY AND OF COURSE 3587 02:19:47,000 --> 02:19:49,280 THEY'RE SITTING AND LEARNING YOU 3588 02:19:49,280 --> 02:19:50,920 CAN SEE IT'S LOW ACCESS. 3589 02:19:50,920 --> 02:19:52,120 WE THINK ABOUT NUTRITION DURING 3590 02:19:52,120 --> 02:19:54,120 THE DAY, FUELING ACTIVITY AND 3591 02:19:54,120 --> 02:19:56,840 ALSO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FUELING 3592 02:19:56,840 --> 02:19:57,560 THE NUTRIENT NEEDS AND ALSO 3593 02:19:57,560 --> 02:19:59,000 LEARNING AND HOW IT NEEDS TO GO 3594 02:19:59,000 --> 02:20:00,120 HAND AND HAND WHEN WE THINK 3595 02:20:00,120 --> 02:20:02,320 ABOUT THE NUTRIENT NEEDS OF 3596 02:20:02,320 --> 02:20:04,520 THESE CHILDREN. 3597 02:20:04,520 --> 02:20:05,680 AND JUST WE TALKED ABOUT THE 3598 02:20:05,680 --> 02:20:07,040 SCHOOL DAY ON THESE PREVIOUS 3599 02:20:07,040 --> 02:20:16,200 SLIDES SO THIS IS ANOTHER 4-8 3600 02:20:16,200 --> 02:20:20,440 ARE 8% OF MEETING NEEDS FROM THE 3601 02:20:20,440 --> 02:20:27,720 SCHOOL DAY AND MOST ACTIVITY IS 3602 02:20:27,720 --> 02:20:29,240 HAPPENING IN SCHOOL BUT AGAIN IN 3603 02:20:29,240 --> 02:20:31,360 GENERAL, YOU KNOW, KIDS 15% OF 3604 02:20:31,360 --> 02:20:33,080 KIDS ON AVERAGE MEETING SORT OF 3605 02:20:33,080 --> 02:20:36,480 YOUR TOTAL DAILY ACTIVITY 3606 02:20:36,480 --> 02:20:36,840 RECOMMENDATIONS. 3607 02:20:36,840 --> 02:20:38,720 SO, WITH THAT IN MIND, PHYSICAL 3608 02:20:38,720 --> 02:20:39,960 ACTIVITY IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR 3609 02:20:39,960 --> 02:20:41,360 HEALTH AND WE NEED TO FUEL 3610 02:20:41,360 --> 02:20:44,560 ACTIVITY AND ACTIVITIES GOOD FOR 3611 02:20:44,560 --> 02:20:45,920 NUTRIENT INTAKENNER GEE BALANCE 3612 02:20:45,920 --> 02:20:50,960 AND ALSO MUSCLE GROWTH AND 3613 02:20:50,960 --> 02:20:55,160 OTHERS HAVE TALKED ABOUT MUSCLE 3614 02:20:55,160 --> 02:20:57,360 AND THOSE NEEDS TO HELP FUEL AND 3615 02:20:57,360 --> 02:21:00,320 THROUGH OUT LIFE AND CAUSE 3616 02:21:00,320 --> 02:21:03,320 OUTCOMES AND A SYNERGISTIC TASK 3617 02:21:03,320 --> 02:21:07,520 ON QUALITY AND INTAKE AND THAT 3618 02:21:07,520 --> 02:21:09,320 BALANCE IS EPIDEMIC WE THINK 3619 02:21:09,320 --> 02:21:10,960 WILL DIETARY INTAKE AND PHYSICAL 3620 02:21:10,960 --> 02:21:12,120 ACTIVITY AND I WOULD LIKE THE 3621 02:21:12,120 --> 02:21:14,760 LENS OF OK, THE PHYSICAL 3622 02:21:14,760 --> 02:21:16,280 ACTIVITY FACILITATES AND THE A 3623 02:21:16,280 --> 02:21:21,720 LOT TO INCREASE OUR NUTRIENT 3624 02:21:21,720 --> 02:21:32,680 QUALITY AND THESE ARE ENERGY 3625 02:21:32,680 --> 02:21:35,920 NEEDS THAT IN A SEDENTARY FOUR 3626 02:21:35,920 --> 02:21:40,400 TO 8-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, YOU CAN 3627 02:21:40,400 --> 02:21:41,080 REQUIRE 1200 CALORIES A DAY BUT 3628 02:21:41,080 --> 02:21:43,200 IF YOU ARE ACTIVE, IT'S 600 MORE 3629 02:21:43,200 --> 02:21:44,520 CALORIES A DAY YOU MIGHT NEED 3630 02:21:44,520 --> 02:21:46,080 AND HAVE MORE ABILITY TO CONSUME 3631 02:21:46,080 --> 02:21:49,320 THOSE NUTRIENTS THAT ARE 3632 02:21:49,320 --> 02:21:52,360 DEFICIENT OF OF CONCERN AND 18 3633 02:21:52,360 --> 02:21:57,840 MONEY FOR A LITTL1800FOR A OLDER MALE UP T O 3634 02:21:57,840 --> 02:21:58,280 2600 CALORIES A DAY. 3635 02:21:58,280 --> 02:22:00,320 THAT'S A DIFFERENCE OF GETTING 3636 02:22:00,320 --> 02:22:02,120 IN HIGH-QUALITY FOODS AND 3637 02:22:02,120 --> 02:22:04,040 MEETING THOSE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS. 3638 02:22:04,040 --> 02:22:05,680 THEY ARE REALLY NO DIFFERENT AND 3639 02:22:05,680 --> 02:22:07,840 FOR PHYSICALLY ACTIVE CHILD AND 3640 02:22:07,840 --> 02:22:09,520 THE LEAD ATHLETE VERSUS 3641 02:22:09,520 --> 02:22:10,760 SEDENTARY CHILD SON THE SCALE OF 3642 02:22:10,760 --> 02:22:11,800 THOSE NEEDS. 3643 02:22:11,800 --> 02:22:18,160 CLEARLY, ON THE HIGH-END AND IS 3644 02:22:18,160 --> 02:22:21,120 IT WE TALKED ABOUT BRANCH CHAIN 3645 02:22:21,120 --> 02:22:24,800 AMINO AS KIDS AND IT IS REALLY 3646 02:22:24,800 --> 02:22:28,600 FOR BEING ACTIVE AND HEALTHY AND 3647 02:22:28,600 --> 02:22:29,880 CLEARLY VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM 3648 02:22:29,880 --> 02:22:31,280 FOR BONE HEALTH AND GROWTH AND 3649 02:22:31,280 --> 02:22:33,120 CONNIE BROUGHT UP THE ISSUES 3650 02:22:33,120 --> 02:22:35,160 WITH DAIRY AND MILK CONSUMPTION 3651 02:22:35,160 --> 02:22:39,000 AND IRON AND OXYGEN AND FEELING 3652 02:22:39,000 --> 02:22:40,520 COMFORTABLE AND AEROBIC ACTIVITY 3653 02:22:40,520 --> 02:22:41,920 BEING A HEALTHY NORM FOR 3654 02:22:41,920 --> 02:22:44,880 CHILDREN AND OF COURSE, THERE 3655 02:22:44,880 --> 02:22:46,200 ARE, QUALITY IN GENERAL. 3656 02:22:46,200 --> 02:22:48,520 WE CAN'T DISCOUNT THE NUTRIENTS 3657 02:22:48,520 --> 02:22:51,600 THAT MIGHT BE DEFICIENT OR 3658 02:22:51,600 --> 02:22:53,120 CONCERNED IF THEY'RE OFFSET BY 3659 02:22:53,120 --> 02:22:55,040 SUGAR, HIGH-SUGAR BEVERAGES THAT 3660 02:22:55,040 --> 02:22:57,160 MAKE HUGE IMPACTS COME LATER IN 3661 02:22:57,160 --> 02:22:58,120 THOSE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEARS 3662 02:22:58,120 --> 02:22:59,920 AND MIDDLE SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL 3663 02:22:59,920 --> 02:23:01,920 YEARS AND HOW THAT MAY IMPACT 3664 02:23:01,920 --> 02:23:04,240 BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCLE MASS, 3665 02:23:04,240 --> 02:23:05,720 ABILITY TO BE ACTIVE AND EVEN IF 3666 02:23:05,720 --> 02:23:07,600 YOU ARE CONSUMING A LOT OF SUGAR 3667 02:23:07,600 --> 02:23:09,200 HOW IT IMPACTS YOUR ABILITY TO 3668 02:23:09,200 --> 02:23:12,120 WANT TO MOVE OR VICE VERSA AND 3669 02:23:12,120 --> 02:23:13,320 LASTLY HYDRATION. 3670 02:23:13,320 --> 02:23:15,600 ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE, DEMANDS 3671 02:23:15,600 --> 02:23:17,120 ON ELECTRO LIGHTS WITH ACTIVITY 3672 02:23:17,120 --> 02:23:19,440 AND ALSO YOU KNOW, BEING 3673 02:23:19,440 --> 02:23:21,560 HYDRATED IS VERY IMPORTANT. 3674 02:23:21,560 --> 02:23:22,760 A CONCERN WITH ELECTRIC 3675 02:23:22,760 --> 02:23:24,400 BEVERAGES AND ENERGY DRINKS 3676 02:23:24,400 --> 02:23:25,920 ACROSS THE BOARD TO BEING 3677 02:23:25,920 --> 02:23:28,040 PROMOTED ACROSS DOMESTICALLY AND 3678 02:23:28,040 --> 02:23:28,320 GLOBALLY. 3679 02:23:28,320 --> 02:23:29,640 SO WITH THAT, JUST THINK ABOUT 3680 02:23:29,640 --> 02:23:31,120 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THAT 3681 02:23:31,120 --> 02:23:32,400 PHYSIOLOGY THAT GOES WITH IT 3682 02:23:32,400 --> 02:23:35,680 BEING A FACILITATOR OF GOOD DIET 3683 02:23:35,680 --> 02:23:37,800 QUALITY ENERGY NEEDS AND 3684 02:23:37,800 --> 02:23:38,960 NUTRIENT NEEDS AND THEY GO HAND 3685 02:23:38,960 --> 02:23:41,080 AND HAND SO WITH THAT, THANK 3686 02:23:41,080 --> 02:23:41,240 YOU. 3687 02:23:41,240 --> 02:23:43,320 >> THANK YOU, JENN, FOR A NICE 3688 02:23:43,320 --> 02:23:43,560 OVERVIEW. 3689 02:23:43,560 --> 02:23:49,080 I APPRECIATE IT. 3690 02:23:49,080 --> 02:23:53,520 NEXT WE HAVE OCEA WHO WILL TALK 3691 02:23:53,520 --> 02:24:09,720 ABOUT METABOLISM. 3692 02:24:09,720 --> 02:24:11,760 >> CAN YOU ALL SEE MY SLIDES 3693 02:24:11,760 --> 02:24:12,040 PROPERLY? 3694 02:24:12,040 --> 02:24:15,240 >> YES. 3695 02:24:15,240 --> 02:24:15,960 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3696 02:24:15,960 --> 02:24:19,120 I WOULD LIKE TO ESPECIALLY 3697 02:24:19,120 --> 02:24:21,840 ACKNOWLEDGE MY GRADUATE STUDENTS 3698 02:24:21,840 --> 02:24:23,360 WHO PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN HELPING 3699 02:24:23,360 --> 02:24:25,520 THIS PRESENTATION. 3700 02:24:25,520 --> 02:24:29,080 AND OF COURSE RON FOR HIS 3701 02:24:29,080 --> 02:24:30,360 VALUABLE INPUT. 3702 02:24:30,360 --> 02:24:33,840 SO, AS YOU HAVE ALREADY SEEN, 3703 02:24:33,840 --> 02:24:35,920 METABOLISM HAPPENS IN VARIOUS 3704 02:24:35,920 --> 02:24:38,560 TISSUES AND I'M GOING TO NOT 3705 02:24:38,560 --> 02:24:40,280 REPEAT WHAT'S GONE BEFORE ME BUT 3706 02:24:40,280 --> 02:24:42,160 WOULD LIKE TO SAY I HAVE NO 3707 02:24:42,160 --> 02:24:45,040 DISCLOSE YOURS AND AS WE THINK 3708 02:24:45,040 --> 02:24:48,720 ABOUT WHAT IS NEW TRE NUTRIENT 3709 02:24:48,720 --> 02:24:50,080 METABOLISM, THE IDEA IS THAT 3710 02:24:50,080 --> 02:24:51,880 NUTRIENTS ARE METABOLIZED, FIRST 3711 02:24:51,880 --> 02:24:54,240 TO PRODUCE ENERGY AND OBVIOUSLY 3712 02:24:54,240 --> 02:24:56,320 TO SUPPORT HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGY, 3713 02:24:56,320 --> 02:24:58,840 ALL THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3714 02:24:58,840 --> 02:25:00,240 PROCESSES WHICH HAVE BEEN 3715 02:25:00,240 --> 02:25:02,280 COVERED SO FAR. 3716 02:25:02,280 --> 02:25:04,440 AND CLASSIC SORT OF NUTRITION 3717 02:25:04,440 --> 02:25:07,120 101 WE THINK OF MACRO NUTRIENTS 3718 02:25:07,120 --> 02:25:10,400 AND THE ONES THAT PROVIDE AND 3719 02:25:10,400 --> 02:25:12,640 BROKEN DOWN TO ENERGY AND 3720 02:25:12,640 --> 02:25:16,280 CALCIUM IS A MINERAL THERE AND 3721 02:25:16,280 --> 02:25:18,160 IT COULD BE -- IT'S NOT A MICRO 3722 02:25:18,160 --> 02:25:19,160 KNEW TREE ENTERS BUT WE HAVE THE 3723 02:25:19,160 --> 02:25:20,720 VITAMINS AND MINERALS THAT HAVE 3724 02:25:20,720 --> 02:25:22,560 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AND BROADLY 3725 02:25:22,560 --> 02:25:24,160 SPEAKING, WHEN YOU THINK OF 3726 02:25:24,160 --> 02:25:25,240 METABOLIC PROCESSES IT STARTS 3727 02:25:25,240 --> 02:25:28,560 ALL THE WAY FROM DIGESTION, WE 3728 02:25:28,560 --> 02:25:30,560 TALKED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 3729 02:25:30,560 --> 02:25:33,600 BIOVAIL ABILITY, HOW DIFFERENT 3730 02:25:33,600 --> 02:25:35,080 NUTRIENTS GETS ABSORBED AND 3731 02:25:35,080 --> 02:25:40,320 TRANSPORTATION, UTILIZATION AND 3732 02:25:40,320 --> 02:25:42,120 EXCRETION, WHAT WAS MENTIONED AT 3733 02:25:42,120 --> 02:25:43,680 THE BEGINNING, THESE PROCESSES 3734 02:25:43,680 --> 02:25:47,280 ARE OF NUTRIENT GETTING TO THE 3735 02:25:47,280 --> 02:25:48,680 CELLS. 3736 02:25:48,680 --> 02:25:51,720 MATURE BY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND 3737 02:25:51,720 --> 02:25:53,440 THEY CAN BE, THEY HAVE THE 3738 02:25:53,440 --> 02:25:54,720 POTENTIAL TO BE INFLUENCED 3739 02:25:54,720 --> 02:26:00,120 ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE THROUGH 3740 02:26:00,120 --> 02:26:04,600 BOTH EXTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC 3741 02:26:04,600 --> 02:26:06,320 FACT AND WE TALKED ABOUT SEX, 3742 02:26:06,320 --> 02:26:07,720 GENDER, AND VARIATIONS AND 3743 02:26:07,720 --> 02:26:10,200 THERE'S A LOT OF INTEREST IN THE 3744 02:26:10,200 --> 02:26:15,360 ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME, THAT 3745 02:26:15,360 --> 02:26:17,360 AGAIN MAY CHANGE DURING THIS 3746 02:26:17,360 --> 02:26:17,640 PERIOD. 3747 02:26:17,640 --> 02:26:19,000 IT'S IMPORTANT TO KEEP IN MIND 3748 02:26:19,000 --> 02:26:21,280 THAT WE'RE NOT JUST WHAT 3749 02:26:21,280 --> 02:26:23,080 INADEQUATE INTAKES, TOO MUCH OF 3750 02:26:23,080 --> 02:26:24,640 SOMETHING CAN BE BAD FOR YOU AND 3751 02:26:24,640 --> 02:26:28,760 CAUSE DISRUPTION OF OF 3752 02:26:28,760 --> 02:26:29,120 METABOLISM. 3753 02:26:29,120 --> 02:26:31,480 IN TERMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGE 3754 02:26:31,480 --> 02:26:33,840 PERIOD, I THINK IT'S BEEN LAID 3755 02:26:33,840 --> 02:26:36,680 OUT WE CANNOT LEAVE THE 3756 02:26:36,680 --> 02:26:38,920 IMPORTANCE OF THE FIRST 1,000 3757 02:26:38,920 --> 02:26:40,240 DAYS, QUITE A FEW OF US HERE 3758 02:26:40,240 --> 02:26:42,120 HAVE ACTUALLY FOCUSED ON THAT 3759 02:26:42,120 --> 02:26:48,640 AND AS WE TRANSITION, THIS IS IS 3760 02:26:48,640 --> 02:26:50,800 IMPORTANT BRIDGE BETWEEN 1,000 3761 02:26:50,800 --> 02:26:51,480 DAYS. 3762 02:26:51,480 --> 02:26:53,800 VARIOUS CHANGES THAT COULD 3763 02:26:53,800 --> 02:26:54,760 INFLUENCE METABOLISM DIRECT LOW 3764 02:26:54,760 --> 02:26:56,760 AND INDIRECT LOW AS SHOWN OVER 3765 02:26:56,760 --> 02:26:59,520 HERE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3766 02:26:59,520 --> 02:27:02,680 APPETITE, DIET PATTERNS, CHANGES 3767 02:27:02,680 --> 02:27:13,440 IN THE INDO CHRONOLOGY AND THE 3768 02:27:13,440 --> 02:27:14,600 INCREASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL 3769 02:27:14,600 --> 02:27:17,520 EFFECTS OF METABOLISM. 3770 02:27:17,520 --> 02:27:19,160 WE HAVE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS 3771 02:27:19,160 --> 02:27:23,160 BUT WE KNOW, AS THE PROBLEM OF 3772 02:27:23,160 --> 02:27:25,920 OVER WEIGHT AND OBESITY IS 3773 02:27:25,920 --> 02:27:27,920 INCREASING WHILE WE STILL HAVE 3774 02:27:27,920 --> 02:27:31,320 UNDER NUTRITION AND ANEMIA AND 3775 02:27:31,320 --> 02:27:32,240 OTHER PROBLEMS. 3776 02:27:32,240 --> 02:27:35,040 THERE'S THIS REGULATION OF NON 3777 02:27:35,040 --> 02:27:38,600 METABOLIC PROCESSES THAT HAPPENS 3778 02:27:38,600 --> 02:27:39,880 OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND THE 3779 02:27:39,880 --> 02:27:40,960 QUESTION IS WHAT DO WE KNOW 3780 02:27:40,960 --> 02:27:44,200 ABOUT THIS IN THE SCHOOL AGE 3781 02:27:44,200 --> 02:27:44,840 PERIOD? 3782 02:27:44,840 --> 02:27:45,960 THE PREVIOUS SPEAKERS HAVE 3783 02:27:45,960 --> 02:27:49,760 ALREADY GONE INTO DETAIL ABOUT 3784 02:27:49,760 --> 02:27:50,720 THE CHANGES THAT HAPPEN WITH 3785 02:27:50,720 --> 02:27:52,640 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BUT FROM 3786 02:27:52,640 --> 02:27:54,280 A METABOLIC PERSPECTIVE WHAT IS 3787 02:27:54,280 --> 02:27:58,320 IMPORTANT IS WHILE WE HAVE A 3788 02:27:58,320 --> 02:27:59,240 CRETION WHETHER IT'S WEIGHT 3789 02:27:59,240 --> 02:28:02,600 GAIN, MOST OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS, 3790 02:28:02,600 --> 02:28:04,680 WHICH ARE INVOLVED CENTRALLY IN 3791 02:28:04,680 --> 02:28:06,520 META BOLISM, WHETHER WE TALK 3792 02:28:06,520 --> 02:28:11,120 ABOUT THE LIVER, THE KIDNEY, THE 3793 02:28:11,120 --> 02:28:30,120 PANCREAS -- WE LOCKED AT LOOKED AT OTHER 3794 02:28:30,120 --> 02:28:32,400 FUNCTIONAL MEASURES WHEN IT'S 3795 02:28:32,400 --> 02:28:33,320 RESPIRATION GRADE OR BLOOD 3796 02:28:33,320 --> 02:28:34,920 PRESSURE AND ONCE AGAIN YOU SEE 3797 02:28:34,920 --> 02:28:39,680 THAT THERE ARE CHANGES THAT 3798 02:28:39,680 --> 02:28:41,840 HAPPEN RAPIDLY THROUGH AGE FIVE 3799 02:28:41,840 --> 02:28:43,600 AND STABLATION, THAT HAPPENS, 3800 02:28:43,600 --> 02:28:44,920 NOT THAT MANY CHANGES, THE 3801 02:28:44,920 --> 02:28:46,800 VALUES DURING THE SCHOOL-AGE 3802 02:28:46,800 --> 02:28:49,920 PERIOD OF PRETTY CLOSE TO WHAT 3803 02:28:49,920 --> 02:28:51,120 WE HAVE AS ADULTS. 3804 02:28:51,120 --> 02:28:53,240 SO I'M GOING TO FOCUS THE REST 3805 02:28:53,240 --> 02:28:55,720 OF MY PRESENTATION A BIT ON SORT 3806 02:28:55,720 --> 02:28:59,680 OF WHOLE-BODY ENERGY METABOLISM 3807 02:28:59,680 --> 02:29:02,040 AND THIS IS SORT OF SOMETHING 3808 02:29:02,040 --> 02:29:05,120 WE'RE FAMILIAR WITH AND BROAD 3809 02:29:05,120 --> 02:29:07,560 LOW THAT ARE CONTRIBUTORS TO 3810 02:29:07,560 --> 02:29:10,840 TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IS OUR 3811 02:29:10,840 --> 02:29:15,120 BASIC METABOLIC GRADE AND MY 3812 02:29:15,120 --> 02:29:16,120 PREVIOUS SPEAKER ALREADY TALKED 3813 02:29:16,120 --> 02:29:18,280 ABOUT THE MOST MODIFIABLE ONE 3814 02:29:18,280 --> 02:29:21,720 IS, YOU KNOW, WHAT WE EXPEND AS 3815 02:29:21,720 --> 02:29:23,120 A RESULT OF ACTIVITY. 3816 02:29:23,120 --> 02:29:27,360 WHEN WE LOOK AT CHANGES IN 3817 02:29:27,360 --> 02:29:30,000 METABOLISM DURING CHILDHOOD, 3818 02:29:30,000 --> 02:29:32,240 CLEARLY AGE RELATED CHANGES IN 3819 02:29:32,240 --> 02:29:35,680 SOME OF THESE BASIC COP NOT 3820 02:29:35,680 --> 02:29:38,320 TENSE BASED ON METABOLISM AND 3821 02:29:38,320 --> 02:29:39,840 FOOD (INAUDIBLE) BUT WHAT WE 3822 02:29:39,840 --> 02:29:43,320 FIND IS A LOT OF THOSE CHANGES 3823 02:29:43,320 --> 02:29:44,680 AGAIN HAPPEN REALLY EARLY AND 3824 02:29:44,680 --> 02:29:46,960 THEN THERE'S THIS GRADUAL 3825 02:29:46,960 --> 02:29:48,840 DECLINE IN BASIC METABOLIC GRADE 3826 02:29:48,840 --> 02:29:51,920 AS IT APPROACHES WHAT WE SEE IN 3827 02:29:51,920 --> 02:29:58,000 ADULT LEVELS AND WE DON'T SEE 3828 02:29:58,000 --> 02:29:59,920 ANY AND, ALSO, AS THERE ARE 3829 02:29:59,920 --> 02:30:03,360 CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION, AND 3830 02:30:03,360 --> 02:30:09,120 UNEVEN GROWTH OF THE ORIGINS WE 3831 02:30:09,120 --> 02:30:11,200 FIND DIFFERENCES IN THE ENERGY 3832 02:30:11,200 --> 02:30:12,760 UTILIZED BY THE BODY AS A WHOLE 3833 02:30:12,760 --> 02:30:17,600 AND IT'S A COMBINATION OF THE 3834 02:30:17,600 --> 02:30:19,880 TOTAL VOLUME OF THESE ORGANS AND 3835 02:30:19,880 --> 02:30:22,920 THE BRAIN CONTRIBUTES 12% OF 3836 02:30:22,920 --> 02:30:26,000 METABOLISM AND THE NEWBORN AND 3837 02:30:26,000 --> 02:30:28,480 IT REALLY DROPS DOWN 3838 02:30:28,480 --> 02:30:29,080 SIGNIFICANTLY AND IT WOULD BE 3839 02:30:29,080 --> 02:30:32,320 NICE IF WE COULD HAVE OUR BRAINS 3840 02:30:32,320 --> 02:30:33,960 USE MORE ENERGY TO HELP US BUT 3841 02:30:33,960 --> 02:30:35,360 THEY'RE ALSO CHANGES IN THE 3842 02:30:35,360 --> 02:30:37,120 METABOLIC ACT WITH THE ORGANS 3843 02:30:37,120 --> 02:30:40,120 ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE SO JUST 3844 02:30:40,120 --> 02:30:44,320 SEE HOW A 1-YEAR-OLD LOOKS HERE 3845 02:30:44,320 --> 02:30:46,080 RELATIVE TO, THERE ARE SHIFTS. 3846 02:30:46,080 --> 02:30:48,320 THE MAIN MESSAGE IS A LOT OF 3847 02:30:48,320 --> 02:30:52,400 THESE SHIFTS HAPPEN QUITE EARLY 3848 02:30:52,400 --> 02:30:56,640 IN LIFE. 3849 02:30:56,640 --> 02:31:00,960 WE SEE AGE DEPENDENT CHANGES IN 3850 02:31:00,960 --> 02:31:05,440 TERMS OF METABOLIC GRADE AND 3851 02:31:05,440 --> 02:31:08,840 THESE ARE INTERTWINED WITH YOUR 3852 02:31:08,840 --> 02:31:11,320 ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THE 3853 02:31:11,320 --> 02:31:13,880 DEVELOPMENT CHANGES AND THIS IS 3854 02:31:13,880 --> 02:31:17,040 NOT A RECENT ONE BUT SHOWS HOW 3855 02:31:17,040 --> 02:31:19,920 THE ENERGY EXPENDITURES AS YOU 3856 02:31:19,920 --> 02:31:22,720 TALK ABOUT DIFFERENT ORGANS 3857 02:31:22,720 --> 02:31:25,120 CHANGES AND THERE ARE SOME 3858 02:31:25,120 --> 02:31:27,280 ORGANS THAT ARE MORE SENSITIVE 3859 02:31:27,280 --> 02:31:31,160 DURING THE SCHOOL-AGE PERIOD 3860 02:31:31,160 --> 02:31:34,120 THAT YOU CAN SEE OVER HERE IN 3861 02:31:34,120 --> 02:31:35,000 THIS DIAGRAM WHERE OTHERS THAT 3862 02:31:35,000 --> 02:31:39,320 ARE STEADILY INCREASING. 3863 02:31:39,320 --> 02:31:41,720 THE LENGTH BETWEEN THE ENERGY 3864 02:31:41,720 --> 02:31:44,120 THAT CAUSED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 3865 02:31:44,120 --> 02:31:48,360 AND WEIGHT GAIN IS SOMETHING 3866 02:31:48,360 --> 02:31:48,840 IMPORTANT. 3867 02:31:48,840 --> 02:31:50,240 MICHAEL ALREADY POINTED OUT 3868 02:31:50,240 --> 02:31:52,520 ABOUT THE CHANGES IN THE 3869 02:31:52,520 --> 02:31:53,320 VULNERABILITIES AND WHEN YOU 3870 02:31:53,320 --> 02:31:55,920 THINK IN TERMS OF ENERGY 3871 02:31:55,920 --> 02:31:58,720 METABOLISM, THE UTILIZATION OF 3872 02:31:58,720 --> 02:31:59,920 GLUCOSE HAS BEEN LOOKED AT AND 3873 02:31:59,920 --> 02:32:05,200 SOME OF OF THIS HAS BEEN CAT 3874 02:32:05,200 --> 02:32:06,160 CHARACTERIZED SHOWING THE TRADE 3875 02:32:06,160 --> 02:32:08,160 OFF OF UTILIZATION OF ENERGY BY 3876 02:32:08,160 --> 02:32:10,320 THE BRAIN VERSUS GROWTH IN THIS 3877 02:32:10,320 --> 02:32:12,520 GRAPH HERE AND THESE DIFFERENT 3878 02:32:12,520 --> 02:32:14,240 GRAPHS SO AGAIN, THE MAIN 3879 02:32:14,240 --> 02:32:15,800 MESSAGES, YOU KNOW, THERE'S SORT 3880 02:32:15,800 --> 02:32:17,800 OF THE STABILIZATION THAT 3881 02:32:17,800 --> 02:32:19,320 HAPPENS BY AGE FIVE AND THEN 3882 02:32:19,320 --> 02:32:23,880 THERE'S A LIGH SLIGHT DECLINE IN THE 3883 02:32:23,880 --> 02:32:26,400 UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE BY THE 3884 02:32:26,400 --> 02:32:28,720 BRAIN IN THESE GRAPHS AND IT'S 3885 02:32:28,720 --> 02:32:30,560 MIMICKED IN OTHER MEASURES OF 3886 02:32:30,560 --> 02:32:33,120 GLUCOSE UTILIZATION. 3887 02:32:33,120 --> 02:32:36,200 THE OTHER AREA OF CONSIDERABLE 3888 02:32:36,200 --> 02:32:40,480 INTEREST IS EXAMINING CHANGES IN 3889 02:32:40,480 --> 02:32:42,120 TISSUE. 3890 02:32:42,120 --> 02:32:43,920 WE KNOW THAT BODY COMPETITION 3891 02:32:43,920 --> 02:32:44,120 CHANGES. 3892 02:32:44,120 --> 02:32:47,000 THERE'S ACCUMULATION OF ADDIE 3893 02:32:47,000 --> 02:32:48,520 POST TISSUE AND GIVEN THE 3894 02:32:48,520 --> 02:32:50,640 OBESITY EPIDEMIC, THE CONCERNS 3895 02:32:50,640 --> 02:32:55,280 OF OVER FEEDING ARE PROBLEMS OF 3896 02:32:55,280 --> 02:32:57,360 DIET QUALITY IS GAPS IN 3897 02:32:57,360 --> 02:32:58,800 UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT COULD 3898 02:32:58,800 --> 02:33:01,200 CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTHY VERSUS 3899 02:33:01,200 --> 02:33:03,760 UNHEALTHY ADD A POST TISSUE 3900 02:33:03,760 --> 02:33:06,920 EXPANSION SO, THIS FIGURE RIGHT 3901 02:33:06,920 --> 02:33:08,640 HERE YOU SEE IS THE DEVELOPMENT 3902 02:33:08,640 --> 02:33:11,480 TRAJECTORY OF BODY FAT, HERE IN 3903 02:33:11,480 --> 02:33:14,560 STARTING FROM THE FIRST 1,000 3904 02:33:14,560 --> 02:33:16,640 DAYS THROUGH EARLY CHILDHOOD AND 3905 02:33:16,640 --> 02:33:19,400 ADOLESCENTS AND WE HAVE ALL SEEN 3906 02:33:19,400 --> 02:33:20,640 THIS SEVERAL TIMES THAT OUR 3907 02:33:20,640 --> 02:33:21,920 DIFFERENCES BY GENDER BUT THE 3908 02:33:21,920 --> 02:33:25,720 KEY IS, WHERE IS THE FAT BEING 3909 02:33:25,720 --> 02:33:27,520 ACCUMULATED, WHAT ARE THE ROLE 3910 02:33:27,520 --> 02:33:31,360 OF SOME OF THE ADD A POST 3911 02:33:31,360 --> 02:33:32,440 RELATED HORMONES? 3912 02:33:32,440 --> 02:33:34,680 IT'S STILL SOMETHING THAT IS NOT 3913 02:33:34,680 --> 02:33:36,000 ENTIRELY UNDERSTOOD. 3914 02:33:36,000 --> 02:33:39,440 AND AS A GAP AND I THINK 3915 02:33:39,440 --> 02:33:40,600 DEFINITELY FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 3916 02:33:40,600 --> 02:33:43,600 AS WE THINK ABOUT HOW DOES THE 3917 02:33:43,600 --> 02:33:45,600 TRACK INTO ADULTHOOD AND 3918 02:33:45,600 --> 02:33:51,680 DEVELOPMENT OF NON COMMUNEICABLE 3919 02:33:51,680 --> 02:33:51,920 DISEASES. 3920 02:33:51,920 --> 02:33:53,920 WE HAVE REVIEWS SHOWING HOW THIS 3921 02:33:53,920 --> 02:33:56,560 IS HAPPENING AT VARIOUS LIFE 3922 02:33:56,560 --> 02:33:56,880 STAGES. 3923 02:33:56,880 --> 02:33:58,760 MANY OF YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH 3924 02:33:58,760 --> 02:34:02,440 THE CRITICAL PER IDEA OF THE PER 3925 02:34:02,440 --> 02:34:05,120 IDEA WHEN PROGRAMMING IS 3926 02:34:05,120 --> 02:34:09,880 HAPPENING AND THE EXPOSURE TO 3927 02:34:09,880 --> 02:34:12,720 DISREGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE 3928 02:34:12,720 --> 02:34:14,120 METABOLISM DURING PREGNANCY AND 3929 02:34:14,120 --> 02:34:16,320 TOXINS, ET CETERA, THAT MAY HAVE 3930 02:34:16,320 --> 02:34:17,320 LONG-TERM EFFECTS BUT CLEAR LOW 3931 02:34:17,320 --> 02:34:19,720 THEY MAY GET MODIFIED BY THE 3932 02:34:19,720 --> 02:34:20,920 EXPOSURES THAT ARE HAPPENING 3933 02:34:20,920 --> 02:34:24,400 DURING INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD AND 3934 02:34:24,400 --> 02:34:26,360 THIS IS SORT OF WHAT WE ARE 3935 02:34:26,360 --> 02:34:29,160 ZONING IN ON AND AGAIN, WE'VE 3936 02:34:29,160 --> 02:34:31,760 TALKED ABOUT THE ROLE OF 3937 02:34:31,760 --> 02:34:32,520 HORMONES DOING DIFFERENTIAL AND 3938 02:34:32,520 --> 02:34:35,760 THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 3939 02:34:35,760 --> 02:34:37,480 AND ALSO, IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT 3940 02:34:37,480 --> 02:34:38,840 TO UNDERSTAND THIS IS A PERIOD 3941 02:34:38,840 --> 02:34:41,120 WHERE DIET PATTERNS AND QUALITY 3942 02:34:41,120 --> 02:34:44,320 TEND TO HAVE A NEW TREE ENTER A NUTRIENT F OCUS 3943 02:34:44,320 --> 02:34:47,680 BUT THE TYPE OF FOOD MAY BE 3944 02:34:47,680 --> 02:34:50,360 IMPORTANT AND PLAY A ROLE IN 3945 02:34:50,360 --> 02:34:50,800 METABOLISM. 3946 02:34:50,800 --> 02:34:51,800 >> CAN YOU WRAP IT UP? 3947 02:34:51,800 --> 02:34:52,840 >> YES. 3948 02:34:52,840 --> 02:34:53,360 >> THANK YOU. 3949 02:34:53,360 --> 02:34:56,920 >> SO, MY LAST SLIDE, JUST ONE 3950 02:34:56,920 --> 02:36:22,080 THING TO KEEP IN MIND,. 3951 02:36:22,080 --> 02:36:23,320 >> ARE ESTABLISHED AND WHAT WE 3952 02:36:23,320 --> 02:36:25,640 DO NOT ENTIRELY UNDERSTAND IS DO 3953 02:36:25,640 --> 02:36:27,400 CHANGES IN METABOLISM DURING 3954 02:36:27,400 --> 02:36:33,560 THIS TIME PERIOD MATTER FOR 3955 02:36:33,560 --> 02:36:36,920 LATER OUTCOMES AND IF THERE ARE 3956 02:36:36,920 --> 02:36:38,600 BIOMARKERS OF METABOLISM AND 3957 02:36:38,600 --> 02:36:40,120 HEALTH DURING THIS PERIOD THAT 3958 02:36:40,120 --> 02:36:46,640 WE COULD MEASURE AND TRACK, 3959 02:36:46,640 --> 02:36:48,560 THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. 3960 02:36:48,560 --> 02:36:49,760 >> THANK YOU, I APPRECIATE IT. 3961 02:36:49,760 --> 02:36:54,720 THE LAST OF OUR SYSTEMS 3962 02:36:54,720 --> 02:36:59,680 PRESENTERS ON THE COMMITTEE IS 3963 02:36:59,680 --> 02:37:02,880 JURMINA GERARDY ON IMMUNO 3964 02:37:02,880 --> 02:37:03,320 COMPETENCE. 3965 02:37:03,320 --> 02:37:04,520 >> HI, EVERYONE. 3966 02:37:04,520 --> 02:37:05,600 I'M HAVING CONNECTION PROBLEMS 3967 02:37:05,600 --> 02:37:07,760 SO I'M GOING TO SHOW MY FACE TO 3968 02:37:07,760 --> 02:37:10,120 SAY HI AND TO USE THIS 3969 02:37:10,120 --> 02:37:13,360 OPPORTUNITY TO THANK DAN AND DO 3970 02:37:13,360 --> 02:37:18,920 YOU FOR IN INVITINDREW FOR IN INVITING ME. 3971 02:37:18,920 --> 02:37:20,440 I'M HAPPY TO BE PART OF THIS 3972 02:37:20,440 --> 02:37:21,400 IMPORTANT INITIATIVE. 3973 02:37:21,400 --> 02:37:23,040 I'M GOING TO STOP THE VIDEO AND 3974 02:37:23,040 --> 02:37:37,760 SHARE MY SCREEN WITH YOU GUYS. 3975 02:37:37,760 --> 02:37:39,520 SO, FIRST OF ALL, WHY HAVE 3976 02:37:39,520 --> 02:37:47,200 ANYTHING TO DECLARE -- I AM 3977 02:37:47,200 --> 02:37:48,120 STILL MUTE? 3978 02:37:48,120 --> 02:37:50,360 >> WE DON'T SEE YOUR SLIDES. 3979 02:37:50,360 --> 02:37:52,840 CAN YOU SHARE YOUR SCREEN? 3980 02:37:52,840 --> 02:38:01,920 >> THAT IS WHAT I'M DOING. 3981 02:38:01,920 --> 02:38:04,200 >> WE CAN PULL THEM UP FOR YOU 3982 02:38:04,200 --> 02:38:05,080 IF YOU LIKE? 3983 02:38:05,080 --> 02:38:06,800 >> OH MY GOD, THIS IS REALLY 3984 02:38:06,800 --> 02:38:07,120 CHANGE. 3985 02:38:07,120 --> 02:38:08,720 I CAN SEE THEM ON MY SCREEN. 3986 02:38:08,720 --> 02:38:26,720 YES, THANK YOU, PLEASE. 3987 02:38:26,720 --> 02:38:27,400 WE SEE THEM? 3988 02:38:27,400 --> 02:38:31,960 >> CAN YOU SEE THEM WHEN I MOVE 3989 02:38:31,960 --> 02:38:35,120 THEM? 3990 02:38:35,120 --> 02:38:35,840 >> SAY NEXT SLIDE. 3991 02:38:35,840 --> 02:38:40,160 >> I JUST CAN SEE MINE ONLY. 3992 02:38:40,160 --> 02:38:55,240 I'VE BEEN HAVING TROUBLE. 3993 02:38:55,240 --> 02:38:58,920 >> SHOW YOU CLOSURE SIDES SO YOU CAN SEE 3994 02:38:58,920 --> 02:38:59,320 THE SCREEN. 3995 02:38:59,320 --> 02:39:02,320 >> I CAN ONLY SEE MINE. 3996 02:39:02,320 --> 02:39:05,520 >> CLOSE YOUR SLIDES. 3997 02:39:05,520 --> 02:39:07,360 >> I DON'T HAVE THAT OPTION NOW. 3998 02:39:07,360 --> 02:39:15,600 OH MY GOD. 3999 02:39:15,600 --> 02:39:17,600 >> START AT THE FIRST SLIDE AND 4000 02:39:17,600 --> 02:39:19,440 WHEN YOU ADVANCE YOUR SLIDE JUST 4001 02:39:19,440 --> 02:39:50,120 SAY NEXT SLIDE. 4002 02:39:50,120 --> 02:39:51,400 AND IMMUNOLOGY I'M GOING TO USE 4003 02:39:51,400 --> 02:39:53,080 THE NEXT EIGHT MINUTES TO SHOW 4004 02:39:53,080 --> 02:39:56,120 YOU AND ILLUSTRATE HOW IMPORTANT 4005 02:39:56,120 --> 02:39:57,960 IS THE INTER PLAY AND CROSS TALK 4006 02:39:57,960 --> 02:40:00,800 BETWEEN NUTRITION AND THE IMMUNE 4007 02:40:00,800 --> 02:40:01,160 SYSTEM. 4008 02:40:01,160 --> 02:40:02,720 AND THE IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS 4009 02:40:02,720 --> 02:40:05,680 THAT THESE CROSS TALK HAS AND 4010 02:40:05,680 --> 02:40:07,560 YOU SAY BY DIRECTIONAL ONE. 4011 02:40:07,560 --> 02:40:11,000 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 4012 02:40:11,000 --> 02:40:12,760 SO, THERE'S SUCH AN IMPORTANT 4013 02:40:12,760 --> 02:40:14,120 FACTORS THAT WE NEED TO 4014 02:40:14,120 --> 02:40:15,320 RECOGNIZE THEY CAN MODULATE IN 4015 02:40:15,320 --> 02:40:16,760 THE SYSTEM AND THEY WILL HAVE 4016 02:40:16,760 --> 02:40:19,080 TIME TO TALK ABOUT THEM NOW BUT 4017 02:40:19,080 --> 02:40:21,120 I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT, I WANT 4018 02:40:21,120 --> 02:40:22,760 TO HIGHLIGHT THEIR IMPORTANCE 4019 02:40:22,760 --> 02:40:27,520 AND ONE IS SOMETHING THAT WAS 4020 02:40:27,520 --> 02:40:28,720 DESCRIBED THE UT ERIN 4021 02:40:28,720 --> 02:40:30,720 ENVIRONMENT AND THE PROGRAM AND 4022 02:40:30,720 --> 02:40:32,360 EVENTS AND ALSO BREASTFEEDING 4023 02:40:32,360 --> 02:40:35,320 THAT IS GOING TO HAVE A 4024 02:40:35,320 --> 02:40:36,720 PARTICULAR IMPACT ON THE 4025 02:40:36,720 --> 02:40:39,320 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE 4026 02:40:39,320 --> 02:40:41,240 SYSTEM AND OF COURSE WE CAN'T 4027 02:40:41,240 --> 02:40:47,920 FORGET ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL 4028 02:40:47,920 --> 02:40:49,920 FACTORS. 4029 02:40:49,920 --> 02:40:51,840 AND THE CROSS TALK BETWEEN 4030 02:40:51,840 --> 02:40:52,800 NUTRITION AND THE DEVELOPMENT 4031 02:40:52,800 --> 02:40:54,400 AND FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE 4032 02:40:54,400 --> 02:40:54,840 SYSTEM. 4033 02:40:54,840 --> 02:40:56,400 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4034 02:40:56,400 --> 02:41:00,040 SO, THIS SLIDE IS TO SHOW YOU 4035 02:41:00,040 --> 02:41:04,320 THE M MATURATION THROUGH TIME SO 4036 02:41:04,320 --> 02:41:06,520 HERE WE HAVE THE KEY 4037 02:41:06,520 --> 02:41:07,320 DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS AND THESE 4038 02:41:07,320 --> 02:41:10,240 OF CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE AND SO 4039 02:41:10,240 --> 02:41:12,440 THE NEW RESPONSES MEASURE BY THE 4040 02:41:12,440 --> 02:41:16,880 AMOUNT OF IMMUNO AND DNA. 4041 02:41:16,880 --> 02:41:18,520 WHEN WE ARE BORN WE HAVE IMMUNO 4042 02:41:18,520 --> 02:41:19,560 FROM THE MOTHER COMING THROUGH 4043 02:41:19,560 --> 02:41:21,240 THE PLACENTA AND THEY'RE CLEARED 4044 02:41:21,240 --> 02:41:23,760 IN THE FIRST MONTH SO AT THIS 4045 02:41:23,760 --> 02:41:25,360 TIME AND THERE'S A DEFICIENCY IN 4046 02:41:25,360 --> 02:41:27,320 THE RAPID IMMUNE RESPONSE BUT 4047 02:41:27,320 --> 02:41:28,840 RIGHT DURING BIRTH THE CELLS 4048 02:41:28,840 --> 02:41:30,640 START PRODUCING ANTIBODIES AND 4049 02:41:30,640 --> 02:41:34,040 BY THE AGE OF 10, A CHILD HAS 4050 02:41:34,040 --> 02:41:36,120 THE SAME MORE OR LESS AMOUNT OF 4051 02:41:36,120 --> 02:41:39,520 AN ADULT IN REGARDS TO ADAPTIVE 4052 02:41:39,520 --> 02:41:39,880 IMMUNITY. 4053 02:41:39,880 --> 02:41:41,920 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4054 02:41:41,920 --> 02:41:46,040 SO, THE NUTRITION STATUS OF A 4055 02:41:46,040 --> 02:41:47,840 CHILD IS A DIFFERENT LEVEL. 4056 02:41:47,840 --> 02:41:49,800 IT CAN IMPACT THE PHYSICAL 4057 02:41:49,800 --> 02:41:52,200 BARRIERS THAT IS PART OF AN 4058 02:41:52,200 --> 02:41:56,640 INNATE IMMUNITY LIKE SKIN, 4059 02:41:56,640 --> 02:42:00,080 INTESTINAL MUCUS 'EM BRAI MEMBRANE. 4060 02:42:00,080 --> 02:42:01,680 THE MIKE OWE BUY UM IN THE NEXT 4061 02:42:01,680 --> 02:42:06,440 SLIDES AND ALSO THE INNATE AND 4062 02:42:06,440 --> 02:42:08,080 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY THAT HAS TO DO 4063 02:42:08,080 --> 02:42:10,040 WITH ALL THE INFLAMMATORY CELLS 4064 02:42:10,040 --> 02:42:14,320 AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAS A 4065 02:42:14,320 --> 02:42:15,960 IMPACT ON NUTRITION AND 4066 02:42:15,960 --> 02:42:18,160 INFLUENCES THAT THE 4067 02:42:18,160 --> 02:42:19,640 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FOOD. 4068 02:42:19,640 --> 02:42:22,320 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4069 02:42:22,320 --> 02:42:26,680 THIS VERY COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC 4070 02:42:26,680 --> 02:42:33,360 INTER PLAY BETWEEN MALNUTRITION 4071 02:42:33,360 --> 02:42:43,240 THAT ONE IS THE MIKE OWE BIOME 4072 02:42:43,240 --> 02:42:45,000 AND THESE LINKS ARE PARTICULARLY 4073 02:42:45,000 --> 02:42:49,440 IMPORTANT IN THE IMPLICATIONS OF 4074 02:42:49,440 --> 02:42:53,280 THESE CROSS TALK WITH HEALTH AND 4075 02:42:53,280 --> 02:42:56,400 DISEASE SO, THE MICROBIOME ARE 4076 02:42:56,400 --> 02:42:59,800 IMPORTANT MODULATORS OF THE 4077 02:42:59,800 --> 02:43:01,200 DISEASE AND THEY'VE BEEN RELATED 4078 02:43:01,200 --> 02:43:03,240 TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFECTIOUS 4079 02:43:03,240 --> 02:43:11,000 DISEASE BUT NON COMMUNE I CANAL 4080 02:43:11,000 --> 02:43:11,720 ABLE DISEASE. 4081 02:43:11,720 --> 02:43:29,120 LET'S FOCUS ON THE THERE'S BEEN 4082 02:43:29,120 --> 02:43:36,720 A LOT TRYING TO THEY SHOW THE 4083 02:43:36,720 --> 02:43:40,320 PLACENTA AND THE AMNIOTIC NOW I 4084 02:43:40,320 --> 02:43:43,000 HAD WERE POSITIVE FOR BACTERIA 4085 02:43:43,000 --> 02:43:44,640 AND THIS WAS DUE TO 4086 02:43:44,640 --> 02:43:45,200 CONTAMINATION. 4087 02:43:45,200 --> 02:43:46,360 WE HAVE TO ASSUME THAT BABIES 4088 02:43:46,360 --> 02:43:48,800 ARE ACTUALLY BORN WITHOUT ANY 4089 02:43:48,800 --> 02:43:49,760 BACTERIA AND IN PARTICULAR 4090 02:43:49,760 --> 02:43:51,680 BECAUSE THEN THE MICROBIOME 4091 02:43:51,680 --> 02:43:57,360 DEVELOPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND 4092 02:43:57,360 --> 02:43:58,720 BABIES BORN FROM C-SECTIONS THEY 4093 02:43:58,720 --> 02:44:07,640 HAVE A MICRO AND THOSE BORN AND 4094 02:44:07,640 --> 02:44:37,120 BY THEY HAVE MORE FOR THE 4095 02:44:37,120 --> 02:44:39,160 NUTRITIONAL UPTAKE AND IT IS A 4096 02:44:39,160 --> 02:44:42,920 CRITICAL ROLE IN EDUCATING AND 4097 02:44:42,920 --> 02:44:50,720 DEVELOPING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND 4098 02:44:50,720 --> 02:44:54,440 HOW THE NUTRITION EFFECTS THE 4099 02:44:54,440 --> 02:44:56,320 MICROBIOME AND BABIES HAVE A 4100 02:44:56,320 --> 02:44:59,480 DIFFERENT MICROBIOME IF WE 4101 02:44:59,480 --> 02:45:01,240 COMPARE THOSE THAT ARE GREAT 4102 02:45:01,240 --> 02:45:02,280 FEEDING. 4103 02:45:02,280 --> 02:45:03,680 NUTRIENTS EFFECT THE GUT 4104 02:45:03,680 --> 02:45:05,240 MICROBIOME IN BOTH. 4105 02:45:05,240 --> 02:45:08,240 THE MODIFIED AND NUTRIENTS THEY 4106 02:45:08,240 --> 02:45:10,720 CAN AFFECT HEALTH. 4107 02:45:10,720 --> 02:45:14,160 SO UNDERSTANDING HOW THE 4108 02:45:14,160 --> 02:45:18,240 MICROBIOME INTERACTS AND TO 4109 02:45:18,240 --> 02:45:21,680 WEIGHT CHANGE THESE MICROBIOME 4110 02:45:21,680 --> 02:45:23,360 AND TOWARDS A STATE OF LIFELONG 4111 02:45:23,360 --> 02:45:23,600 HEALTH. 4112 02:45:23,600 --> 02:45:26,280 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4113 02:45:26,280 --> 02:45:31,080 SO HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF 4114 02:45:31,080 --> 02:45:32,240 DIFFERENT DIET TARRY PATTERNS 4115 02:45:32,240 --> 02:45:34,880 AND THE CHANGES THAT THEY INDUCE 4116 02:45:34,880 --> 02:45:42,760 IN THE MICROBIOME. 4117 02:45:42,760 --> 02:45:48,640 AND THE FUNCTION SO HERE ARE THE 4118 02:45:48,640 --> 02:45:50,400 DIETS THAT AREN'T HEALTHY AND 4119 02:45:50,400 --> 02:45:52,920 THEY ARE THE MORE HEALTHIER ONE, 4120 02:45:52,920 --> 02:45:59,720 THE PRE BOY O PROBIOTICS AND IMPORTANT IN 4121 02:45:59,720 --> 02:46:06,040 RED AND METABOLITES THAT ARE AND 4122 02:46:06,040 --> 02:46:10,280 YOU CAN SEE HERE THAT THE DIETS 4123 02:46:10,280 --> 02:46:11,920 ARE MORE RELATED TO DISEASE AND 4124 02:46:11,920 --> 02:46:14,800 THE GREEN ONE ARE TOWARDS A 4125 02:46:14,800 --> 02:46:15,120 HEALTHY STATE. 4126 02:46:15,120 --> 02:46:17,960 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4127 02:46:17,960 --> 02:46:20,760 SO MICRO BOY OWN PLAYS A CRUCIAL 4128 02:46:20,760 --> 02:46:22,600 ROLE IN DISEASE AND THERE'S BEEN 4129 02:46:22,600 --> 02:46:25,520 A LOT OF STUDIES IN THIS REGARD 4130 02:46:25,520 --> 02:46:28,520 AND A LOT OF DIFFERENT HAVE BEEN 4131 02:46:28,520 --> 02:46:29,920 INDICATED IN DIFFERENT ADDITION 4132 02:46:29,920 --> 02:46:36,360 CEASES FROM METABOLIC DISEASE 4133 02:46:36,360 --> 02:46:45,720 AND TO BE RELATED TO OWE BE OBESITY AND 4134 02:46:45,720 --> 02:46:50,120 IT'S IMPORTANT AND THE MICRO BUY 4135 02:46:50,120 --> 02:46:51,680 HAS SHOWN A CRUCIAL ROLE AND THE 4136 02:46:51,680 --> 02:46:54,160 GUT BRAIN ACCESS BY DIRECTIONAL 4137 02:46:54,160 --> 02:46:59,120 ONE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AND THEY 4138 02:46:59,120 --> 02:47:02,720 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AUTISM AND 4139 02:47:02,720 --> 02:47:04,560 THEY'RE ARE CERTAIN SPECIES 4140 02:47:04,560 --> 02:47:10,920 RELATED TO DIFFERENT 4141 02:47:10,920 --> 02:47:12,000 PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS SUCH AS 4142 02:47:12,000 --> 02:47:13,120 ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION. 4143 02:47:13,120 --> 02:47:17,040 MANY DISEASE HAVE MICRO BUY OAT 4144 02:47:17,040 --> 02:47:20,600 TA FROM ALLERGY, CELIAC DISEASE, 4145 02:47:20,600 --> 02:47:26,120 TYPE ONE DIABETES AND NEXT SLIDE 4146 02:47:26,120 --> 02:47:33,080 PLEASE, I PUT TO ROW MIND MYSELF 4147 02:47:33,080 --> 02:47:37,480 AND 80% OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED 4148 02:47:37,480 --> 02:47:43,600 WITH ALL THE OWE IMMUN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ARE 4149 02:47:43,600 --> 02:47:46,320 WOMEN AND A NEED TO HIGHLIGHT 4150 02:47:46,320 --> 02:47:52,320 AND ONSET OF LUPUS FOR EXAMPLE 4151 02:47:52,320 --> 02:47:55,120 IN GIRLS AND IS BETWEEN 15 AND 4152 02:47:55,120 --> 02:47:57,120 19 AND THERE ARE A LOT OF 4153 02:47:57,120 --> 02:47:59,800 THEORIES TRYING TO EXPLAIN WHY 4154 02:47:59,800 --> 02:48:02,320 WOMEN AND SO THERE HAVE BEEN 4155 02:48:02,320 --> 02:48:09,720 HYPOTHESIS REGARDING CHANGES IN 4156 02:48:09,720 --> 02:48:12,000 HORMONES, GENES THEY CAN BE A 4157 02:48:12,000 --> 02:48:13,680 PARTICULAR CONTRIBUTE TO THE 4158 02:48:13,680 --> 02:48:15,720 PATHOGENESIS OF THESE 4159 02:48:15,720 --> 02:48:17,680 GENDER-SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE 4160 02:48:17,680 --> 02:48:17,920 DISEASES. 4161 02:48:17,920 --> 02:48:23,120 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4162 02:48:23,120 --> 02:48:28,680 SO, I HAVE TO RUSH BUT ABOUT THE 4163 02:48:28,680 --> 02:48:30,240 MICROBIOME AND WE'RE GOING TO 4164 02:48:30,240 --> 02:48:36,360 LINK BETWEEN NUTRITION AND 4165 02:48:36,360 --> 02:48:36,760 DISEASE. 4166 02:48:36,760 --> 02:48:38,920 WE NEED TO MOVE ON TO OUR 4167 02:48:38,920 --> 02:48:39,360 INVITED SPEAKERS. 4168 02:48:39,360 --> 02:48:43,360 WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT THE INFLAM 4169 02:48:43,360 --> 02:48:48,520 A SOME SO TO USE METABOLITES OF 4170 02:48:48,520 --> 02:48:49,880 THE EXCESS THE BUILDUP THAT IS 4171 02:48:49,880 --> 02:48:52,000 PRODUCED PLUS THE ONES THAT ARE 4172 02:48:52,000 --> 02:48:56,680 GENERATED BY THE MICROBIOME CAN 4173 02:48:56,680 --> 02:48:58,400 INDUCE INFLAMMATION AND THIS 4174 02:48:58,400 --> 02:49:01,280 LEADS TO INCREASING INFLAMMATORY 4175 02:49:01,280 --> 02:49:03,320 CYTOKINES THAT ARE GOING TO 4176 02:49:03,320 --> 02:49:05,080 BE -- THIS IS WHAT IS CALLED 4177 02:49:05,080 --> 02:49:06,040 STERILE INFLAMMATION BECAUSE 4178 02:49:06,040 --> 02:49:09,880 IT'S INDUCED BY DANGEROUS 4179 02:49:09,880 --> 02:49:15,320 INSTEAD OF BATH OWE AGAINST AND 4180 02:49:15,320 --> 02:49:19,320 METABOLIC AS WELL AS LIKE DREW 4181 02:49:19,320 --> 02:49:23,720 DESCRIBED, THEY ARE GOING TO BE 4182 02:49:23,720 --> 02:49:25,800 AFFECTING GROWTH. 4183 02:49:25,800 --> 02:49:27,320 THEY HAVE BEEN POSTURE LATED TO 4184 02:49:27,320 --> 02:49:28,880 HAVE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND THIS 4185 02:49:28,880 --> 02:49:32,040 CAN BE DONE BY THE DIET SO HERE 4186 02:49:32,040 --> 02:49:34,920 ARE DIETS THAT INHABIT AND DIETS 4187 02:49:34,920 --> 02:49:54,920 THAT INDUCE INFLAM OSEM. 4188 02:49:54,920 --> 02:50:09,920 I'M GOING AND THE LETTERS 4189 02:50:09,920 --> 02:50:17,080 DIVERSE MICROBIOME. 4190 02:50:17,080 --> 02:50:25,640 ALSO SUBSTANCE AND COP TENTS AND 4191 02:50:25,640 --> 02:50:33,360 AND SOP I'M GOING TO FINISH WITH 4192 02:50:33,360 --> 02:50:35,440 THIS ONE ABOUT NUTRITION AND FEX 4193 02:50:35,440 --> 02:50:38,960 WE KNOW ABOUT THESE CYCLE AND SO 4194 02:50:38,960 --> 02:50:44,640 EXPOSURE TO INTESTINAL PATHOGENS 4195 02:50:44,640 --> 02:50:47,520 WITH DUE TO NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY 4196 02:50:47,520 --> 02:50:51,240 IS GOING TO CAUSE INFLAMMATION 4197 02:50:51,240 --> 02:50:54,960 OF THE GUT AND AN INCREASE IN 4198 02:50:54,960 --> 02:50:58,040 THE DECREASE INCREASE PER MOW 4199 02:50:58,040 --> 02:50:59,080 ABILITY OR REDUCE FUNCTION AND 4200 02:50:59,080 --> 02:51:03,480 THAT'S GOING TO LET NOT ONLY 4201 02:51:03,480 --> 02:51:08,840 BACTERIA BUT IT IS AND OF COURSE 4202 02:51:08,840 --> 02:51:12,320 THIS IS GOING TO LEAD TO AN 4203 02:51:12,320 --> 02:51:13,760 CROWS IN INFECTION GETTING TO A 4204 02:51:13,760 --> 02:51:14,920 FULL CYCLE. 4205 02:51:14,920 --> 02:51:28,520 NEXT ONE, PLEASE. 4206 02:51:28,520 --> 02:51:30,160 NEXT ONE, SO HOW CAN WE ASSESS 4207 02:51:30,160 --> 02:51:33,160 THE OUTCOMES OF NUTRITION ON THE 4208 02:51:33,160 --> 02:51:35,040 IMMUNE SYSTEM IN SCHOOL-AGE 4209 02:51:35,040 --> 02:51:38,040 CHILDREN SO SOME OF THE MEASURES 4210 02:51:38,040 --> 02:51:41,120 THAT I SUGGEST IS MEASURING THE 4211 02:51:41,120 --> 02:51:43,720 NUMBER OF ALLERGIES AND CASES 4212 02:51:43,720 --> 02:51:46,520 THAT THEY DEVELOP SO WHEN THEY 4213 02:51:46,520 --> 02:51:51,880 ARE YOUNG FOOD ALLERGIES ARE THE 4214 02:51:51,880 --> 02:51:59,400 MAIN ONES AND FEVERS AND 4215 02:51:59,400 --> 02:52:00,560 DIARREAH AND SICK DAYS AND WE 4216 02:52:00,560 --> 02:52:01,720 KNOW THAT CHILDREN OF 4217 02:52:01,720 --> 02:52:03,920 SCHOOL-AGE, MOST OF OF THE SICK 4218 02:52:03,920 --> 02:52:05,800 DAYS ARE DUE TO INFECTIOUS 4219 02:52:05,800 --> 02:52:11,320 DISEASES AND THE BACTERIA AND 4220 02:52:11,320 --> 02:52:14,280 BREASTFEEDING IF THEY LIVE IN A 4221 02:52:14,280 --> 02:52:15,840 RURAL AREA AND HOW MUCH OUR 4222 02:52:15,840 --> 02:52:16,880 DIRECT IS PRACTICED. 4223 02:52:16,880 --> 02:52:18,840 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION. 4224 02:52:18,840 --> 02:52:19,680 >> THANK YOU. 4225 02:52:19,680 --> 02:52:23,480 THAT CONCLUDES OUR COMMITTEES 4226 02:52:23,480 --> 02:53:07,520 AND OF THE SYSTEMS AND WE HAVE 4227 02:53:07,520 --> 02:53:07,720 HAVE -- 4228 02:53:07,720 --> 02:53:29,600 >> WE CAN FIND IT. 4229 02:53:29,600 --> 02:53:36,680 NOW I CAN'T SEE ANYTHING. 4230 02:53:36,680 --> 02:54:08,720 SORRY. 4231 02:54:08,720 --> 02:54:10,000 WORLDWIDE BUT THE MODEL I'LL 4232 02:54:10,000 --> 02:54:11,920 INTERESTING IN MAY APPLY MORE 4233 02:54:11,920 --> 02:54:12,320 WIDELY. 4234 02:54:12,320 --> 02:54:14,520 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 4235 02:54:14,520 --> 02:54:16,120 SO, WE HAVE USED TO THINK THESE 4236 02:54:16,120 --> 02:54:17,840 DISEASE HAVE THEIR ONSET IN THE 4237 02:54:17,840 --> 02:54:19,960 MIDDLE AGE ASSOCIATED WITH 4238 02:54:19,960 --> 02:54:21,320 UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLES AND OBESITY 4239 02:54:21,320 --> 02:54:22,880 AND SMOKING AND O SON AND THEY 4240 02:54:22,880 --> 02:54:24,600 CLUSTERED IN FAMILY AND THEY 4241 02:54:24,600 --> 02:54:31,000 MIGHT HAVE A GENETIC BASIS. 4242 02:54:31,000 --> 02:54:45,400 THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS AND 4243 02:54:45,400 --> 02:54:47,720 THINGS THAT HAPPEN IN EARLY LIFE 4244 02:54:47,720 --> 02:54:49,680 CAN LEAVE LONG LASTING EFFECTS 4245 02:54:49,680 --> 02:54:52,040 AND WE'VE HAD THE IDEA OF 4246 02:54:52,040 --> 02:54:53,040 CRITICAL NUMBERS OF SPEAKERS 4247 02:54:53,040 --> 02:54:55,480 HAVE PREFERRED TO AND VARY A 4248 02:54:55,480 --> 02:54:57,600 LOTS THAT EMERGED EARLY AND 4249 02:54:57,600 --> 02:55:00,520 LATER INTO THE LIFE COURSE. 4250 02:55:00,520 --> 02:55:02,520 AND SO, OVER ALL IT'S GIVEN US A 4251 02:55:02,520 --> 02:55:04,920 NEW PERSPECTIVE ON COMMUNE I CAN 4252 02:55:04,920 --> 02:55:07,720 ABLE DISEASE RISK AND THERE'S 4253 02:55:07,720 --> 02:55:08,680 PLASTICITY IN ADULTHOOD AND 4254 02:55:08,680 --> 02:55:09,920 THAT'S WHAT WE TRY TO INFLUENCE 4255 02:55:09,920 --> 02:55:12,080 WITH OUR PUBLIC-HEALTH 4256 02:55:12,080 --> 02:55:13,920 INTERVENTIONS BUT THERE'S ALWAYS 4257 02:55:13,920 --> 02:55:28,120 PLASTICITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND NO ALL 4258 02:55:28,120 --> 02:55:28,760 THE AGES. 4259 02:55:28,760 --> 02:55:31,360 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 4260 02:55:31,360 --> 02:55:35,320 AND JUST TO EMPHASIZE THAT NON 4261 02:55:35,320 --> 02:55:36,280 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE HAVE A 4262 02:55:36,280 --> 02:55:38,880 GREAT IMPACT AND LOW AND MIDDLE 4263 02:55:38,880 --> 02:55:39,720 INCOME COUNTRIES AS YOU CAN SEE 4264 02:55:39,720 --> 02:55:40,000 HERE. 4265 02:55:40,000 --> 02:55:41,920 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 4266 02:55:41,920 --> 02:55:45,400 SO, THIS IS A VERY SIMPLE 4267 02:55:45,400 --> 02:55:47,000 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING 4268 02:55:47,000 --> 02:55:48,440 THE CAPACITY LOAD MODEL OF 4269 02:55:48,440 --> 02:55:50,080 CHRONIC DISEASE RISK AND BUILDS 4270 02:55:50,080 --> 02:55:53,960 ON THE PINOT TYPE AND WE EXPLAIN 4271 02:55:53,960 --> 02:55:56,040 THE RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES 4272 02:55:56,040 --> 02:55:57,240 SUCH AS DIABETES OR HEART 4273 02:55:57,240 --> 02:55:59,520 DISEASE ON THE LEFT AND Y AXIS 4274 02:55:59,520 --> 02:56:01,520 AND THIS SHOWS AN INTERACTIVE 4275 02:56:01,520 --> 02:56:02,600 DOSE RESPONSE MODEL WHERE THE 4276 02:56:02,600 --> 02:56:05,040 FRONT YOU CAN SEE, WHAT I CALL 4277 02:56:05,040 --> 02:56:05,880 METABOLIC CAPACITY THIS IS 4278 02:56:05,880 --> 02:56:08,960 SIMPLY THE CAPACITY TO MAINTAIN 4279 02:56:08,960 --> 02:56:10,720 HOMEY OWE STAY IS, KEEP THE BODY 4280 02:56:10,720 --> 02:56:12,960 IN GOOD PREVENTION AND AGING IN 4281 02:56:12,960 --> 02:56:14,800 THE EMERGENCE OF DISEASE. 4282 02:56:14,800 --> 02:56:16,720 THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE, WE HAVE 4283 02:56:16,720 --> 02:56:17,480 METABOLIC LOAD. 4284 02:56:17,480 --> 02:56:19,280 ALL THE COMPONENTS OF AN 4285 02:56:19,280 --> 02:56:22,520 UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE OR PHYSICAL 4286 02:56:22,520 --> 02:56:23,480 STRAITS THAT ARE NOT GOOD FOR 4287 02:56:23,480 --> 02:56:33,960 HEALTH AND THOSE CHALLENGES' OWE CHALLENGE S 4288 02:56:33,960 --> 02:56:45,920 HOMEY OWE STAY SIS. 4289 02:56:45,920 --> 02:56:47,920 SO THE HIGHEST RISKY MERGE IN 4290 02:56:47,920 --> 02:56:50,280 THOSE STARTED LIFE WITH A POOR 4291 02:56:50,280 --> 02:56:51,360 METABOLIC CAPACITY BUT WENT ON 4292 02:56:51,360 --> 02:56:53,240 TO DEVELOP A HIGHER METABOLIC 4293 02:56:53,240 --> 02:56:54,520 LOAD SO IT TRIES TO EMPHASIS 4294 02:56:54,520 --> 02:56:55,880 THAT YOU CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND 4295 02:56:55,880 --> 02:56:57,480 WHAT ONE COMPONENT IS DOING IF 4296 02:56:57,480 --> 02:56:58,560 YOU KNOW THE OTHER. 4297 02:56:58,560 --> 02:57:01,760 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 4298 02:57:01,760 --> 02:57:03,320 SO THAT WAS THE MODEL AND THROW 4299 02:57:03,320 --> 02:57:05,320 ARE U.S. COHORTS OF WOMEN WHICH 4300 02:57:05,320 --> 02:57:07,480 SHOW STRONG SUPPORT FOR THIS 4301 02:57:07,480 --> 02:57:07,720 APPROACH. 4302 02:57:07,720 --> 02:57:10,000 WE HAVE BIRTH WEIGHT, ONE MARKER 4303 02:57:10,000 --> 02:57:11,720 AT THE FRONT AND LOOKING AT 4304 02:57:11,720 --> 02:57:13,200 PREDICTING THE RELATIVE RISK OF 4305 02:57:13,200 --> 02:57:14,440 DIABETES AND UP THE RIGHT-HAND 4306 02:57:14,440 --> 02:57:15,720 SIDE WE HAVE AN INCREASING 4307 02:57:15,720 --> 02:57:17,640 NUMBER OF UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE 4308 02:57:17,640 --> 02:57:20,720 FACTORS AND UNHEALTHY DIET, HIGH 4309 02:57:20,720 --> 02:57:21,840 BMI AND SO ON. 4310 02:57:21,840 --> 02:57:23,560 IF YOU ARE HEALTHY ADULT AT THE 4311 02:57:23,560 --> 02:57:25,400 FRONT OF THE GRAPH, WITH A 4312 02:57:25,400 --> 02:57:28,440 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE, LOW METABOLIC 4313 02:57:28,440 --> 02:57:29,880 LOAD, THERE'S NO ASSOCIATION OF 4314 02:57:29,880 --> 02:57:31,120 BIRTH WEIGHT WITH DIABETES RISK. 4315 02:57:31,120 --> 02:57:33,600 WE'RE NOT CHALLENGING METABOLIC 4316 02:57:33,600 --> 02:57:33,880 CAPACITY. 4317 02:57:33,880 --> 02:57:35,760 THE BACK OF THE GRAPH IF YOU ARE 4318 02:57:35,760 --> 02:57:37,440 AN UNHEALTHY ADULT WE ARE 4319 02:57:37,440 --> 02:57:42,200 CHALLENGING THE CAPACITY AT THE 4320 02:57:42,200 --> 02:59:06,440 HOMEOSTASIS. 4321 03:05:57,600 --> 03:06:08,880 NEXT SLIDE PLEASE. 4322 03:06:08,880 --> 03:06:22,400 IN EACH QUAIS COMPARED TO BMI. 4323 03:06:22,400 --> 03:06:24,960 SO I THINK THIS IS VERY 4324 03:06:24,960 --> 03:06:28,000 IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SUGGEST 4325 03:06:28,000 --> 03:06:31,440 HOW CHILDREN GROW AND IT GOES 4326 03:06:31,440 --> 03:06:32,720 BEYOND THE DIABETES AND HEART 4327 03:06:32,720 --> 03:06:32,920 DISEASE. 4328 03:06:32,920 --> 03:06:35,480 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 4329 03:06:35,480 --> 03:06:38,640 LISTENING. 4330 03:06:38,640 --> 03:06:41,720 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, 4331 03:06:41,720 --> 03:06:43,560 JONATHAN, THAT WAS VERY 4332 03:06:43,560 --> 03:06:43,880 FASCINATING. 4333 03:06:43,880 --> 03:06:44,640 VERY COMPLIMENTARY TO WHAT 4334 03:06:44,640 --> 03:06:46,120 WE'VE BEEN DOING. 4335 03:06:46,120 --> 03:06:49,400 SO THE NEXT SPEAKER IS AARON 4336 03:06:49,400 --> 03:06:53,040 BARBIE WHO'S GOING TO BE GOING 4337 03:06:53,040 --> 03:06:55,920 TO BE SPEAKING TO US FROM THE 4338 03:06:55,920 --> 03:07:00,680 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FROM THE 4339 03:07:00,680 --> 03:07:01,440 INTERSECTION OF NUERO THEOLOGY. 4340 03:07:01,440 --> 03:07:03,120 AARON? 4341 03:07:03,120 --> 03:07:04,120 >> THANK YOU, CONNIE, IT'S A 4342 03:07:04,120 --> 03:07:06,160 PLEASURE TO BE HERE. 4343 03:07:06,160 --> 03:07:11,000 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK DAN FOR 4344 03:07:11,000 --> 03:07:11,280 THIS LAB. 4345 03:07:11,280 --> 03:07:13,120 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MEMBERS 4346 03:07:13,120 --> 03:07:14,680 OF OUR LAB WHO HAVE MADE 4347 03:07:14,680 --> 03:07:15,600 IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO SEE 4348 03:07:15,600 --> 03:07:18,320 THE WORK THAT I'LL BE 4349 03:07:18,320 --> 03:07:18,600 PRESENTING. 4350 03:07:18,600 --> 03:07:19,240 I ALSO LIKE TO RECOGNIZE SOME 4351 03:07:19,240 --> 03:07:21,680 OF THE WORK THAT I'LL BE 4352 03:07:21,680 --> 03:07:23,520 PRESENTING IS SPONSORED BY ABBY 4353 03:07:23,520 --> 03:07:25,520 NUTRITION. 4354 03:07:25,520 --> 03:07:28,120 WITH THE ADVENT OF PREVISION 4355 03:07:28,120 --> 03:07:29,840 MEDICINE, CLINICIANS RIN 4356 03:07:29,840 --> 03:07:31,680 CREASINGLY ABLE TO USE 4357 03:07:31,680 --> 03:07:34,800 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE 4358 03:07:34,800 --> 03:07:36,520 RESPONSE TO TREATMENT TO 4359 03:07:36,520 --> 03:07:38,440 RECEIVE BETTER PATIENT OUTCOME. 4360 03:07:38,440 --> 03:07:39,480 PERSONATIONS MAY ALSO BE 4361 03:07:39,480 --> 03:07:42,000 POSSIBLE BUT IT WILL DEPENDING 4362 03:07:42,000 --> 03:07:45,120 ON ACHIEVING A BETTER 4363 03:07:45,120 --> 03:07:47,360 UNDERSTANDING OF HOW NUTRITION 4364 03:07:47,360 --> 03:07:49,280 SHAPES INDIVIDUAL OF THE HUMAN 4365 03:07:49,280 --> 03:07:49,480 BRAIN. 4366 03:07:49,480 --> 03:07:54,160 AND THIS IS A CENTRAL FOCUS OF 4367 03:07:54,160 --> 03:07:56,720 RESEARCH OF NUERO SCIENCE, WE 4368 03:07:56,720 --> 03:07:59,800 SEEM TO UNDERSTAND NUTRITION 4369 03:07:59,800 --> 03:08:01,520 IMPACT OF HUMAN NUTRITION. 4370 03:08:01,520 --> 03:08:02,760 HOUR RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD, 4371 03:08:02,760 --> 03:08:05,320 INDICATES THAT THE BENEFICIAL 4372 03:08:05,320 --> 03:08:10,960 AFFECTS OF DIET AND NUTRITION, 4373 03:08:10,960 --> 03:08:11,440 UNCOGNENT PERFORMANCE 4374 03:08:11,440 --> 03:08:13,160 SUGGESTING THAT IN FACT THERE 4375 03:08:13,160 --> 03:08:14,880 MAY BE PARTICULAR MECHANIC 4376 03:08:14,880 --> 03:08:18,120 MIFMS OF ACTION IN THE BRAIN 4377 03:08:18,120 --> 03:08:23,600 THAT UNDER LIE THE BENEFICIAL 4378 03:08:23,600 --> 03:08:25,440 AFFECTS OF SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS 4379 03:08:25,440 --> 03:08:27,520 ON PARTICULAR FAUCET OF 4380 03:08:27,520 --> 03:08:29,920 COGNITIVE NUTRITION. 4381 03:08:29,920 --> 03:08:32,040 AND BRAIN FUNCTION HAS 4382 03:08:32,040 --> 03:08:33,720 IMPORTANT COMPLICATIONS FOR 4383 03:08:33,720 --> 03:08:35,400 UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN HEALTH, 4384 03:08:35,400 --> 03:08:36,280 AGING AND DISEASE. 4385 03:08:36,280 --> 03:08:41,800 AND TODAY I'LL FOCUS ON RESOENT 4386 03:08:41,800 --> 03:08:42,960 HELP WHICH INVESTIGATES 4387 03:08:42,960 --> 03:08:43,960 DIFFERENCES AND DIFFERENT WORK 4388 03:08:43,960 --> 03:08:47,160 ORGANIZATION AND FIRNT SEE OF 4389 03:08:47,160 --> 03:08:47,520 THE HUMAN BRAIN. 4390 03:08:47,520 --> 03:08:52,600 AS AN EXAMPLE WE CONDUCTED A 4391 03:08:52,600 --> 03:08:54,880 STUDY RESEARCH SCIENTIST THAT 4392 03:08:54,880 --> 03:08:56,920 EXPLORED HOW A NUTRIENT MARKER 4393 03:08:56,920 --> 03:09:01,080 IS SHAPED INDIVIDUAL 4394 03:09:01,080 --> 03:09:02,520 DIFFERENCES AND BRAIN 4395 03:09:02,520 --> 03:09:04,320 CONNECTIVITY FOCKING ON OMEGA-3 4396 03:09:04,320 --> 03:09:07,880 AND FATTY ACIDS. 4397 03:09:07,880 --> 03:09:10,000 AND AS PAPER WE'RE ABLE TO 4398 03:09:10,000 --> 03:09:12,760 DEMONSTRATE THE DIFFERENCE NZ 4399 03:09:12,760 --> 03:09:16,200 OMEGA-3 AND FATTY ACIDS STATUS 4400 03:09:16,200 --> 03:09:21,600 WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INDIVIDUAL 4401 03:09:21,600 --> 03:09:23,360 DIFFERENCES IN FUNCTIONAL BRAIN 4402 03:09:23,360 --> 03:09:24,480 CONNECTIVITY SPECIFICALLY 4403 03:09:24,480 --> 03:09:30,360 WITHIN REGION OF THE CORTEX. 4404 03:09:30,360 --> 03:09:32,480 THESE REGIONS WHICH COMPRISES 4405 03:09:32,480 --> 03:09:38,560 OF DEFAULT NETWORK ARE KNOWN TO 4406 03:09:38,560 --> 03:09:42,480 DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANTABLE 4407 03:09:42,480 --> 03:09:44,440 ATROPHY THAT OMEGA-3 AND FATTY 4408 03:09:44,440 --> 03:09:47,160 ACIDS MAY TARGET REGIONS IN THE 4409 03:09:47,160 --> 03:09:49,120 BRAIN THAT WE FWHOE IS 4410 03:09:49,120 --> 03:09:51,760 CONNECTED WITH THE AGE. 4411 03:09:51,760 --> 03:09:54,280 THE NUTRITION AND SHAPING 4412 03:09:54,280 --> 03:09:56,120 INDIVIDUAL SHAPESES AND BRAIN 4413 03:09:56,120 --> 03:09:56,840 CONNECTIVITY FURTHER SUGGEST 4414 03:09:56,840 --> 03:09:58,520 THAT BRAIN HEALTH MAY BE 4415 03:09:58,520 --> 03:10:00,320 PERSONALIZED. 4416 03:10:00,320 --> 03:10:03,400 AND THIS RESONATES WITH THE 4417 03:10:03,400 --> 03:10:06,360 RESEARCH IN PRECISION MEDICINE 4418 03:10:06,360 --> 03:10:07,560 WHICH DEMONSTRATE BIOLOGICAL 4419 03:10:07,560 --> 03:10:08,240 CONTINUAL DISEASE THINKING 4420 03:10:08,240 --> 03:10:11,920 ABOUT DISEASE IN TERMS OF 4421 03:10:11,920 --> 03:10:12,880 CHARACTERISTICS, INDIVIDUALS 4422 03:10:12,880 --> 03:10:16,320 MAY HAVE IDEAL HEALTH, THOSE 4423 03:10:16,320 --> 03:10:17,480 THAT MAY ALREADY DEMONSTRATE 4424 03:10:17,480 --> 03:10:19,480 RISK FACTORS AND THOSE THAT IN 4425 03:10:19,480 --> 03:10:23,080 DEED ALREADY HAVE DISEASE. 4426 03:10:23,080 --> 03:10:25,400 AND THIS PRECISION APPROACH 4427 03:10:25,400 --> 03:10:27,480 REALLY QUESTIONS THE CURRENT 4428 03:10:27,480 --> 03:10:28,640 PERSPECTIVE ON CLINICAL TRIALS 4429 03:10:28,640 --> 03:10:34,560 THAT THERE MAY BE ABLE TO BE 4430 03:10:34,560 --> 03:10:37,840 ONE FHENO TYPE AND INSTEAD WE 4431 03:10:37,840 --> 03:10:38,960 NEED TO INVESTIGATE VARIATION 4432 03:10:38,960 --> 03:10:40,480 IN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN 4433 03:10:40,480 --> 03:10:43,320 RESPONSE TO MULTIPLE 4434 03:10:43,320 --> 03:10:43,600 DIFFERENCES. 4435 03:10:43,600 --> 03:10:45,160 IN THE CAN TEXT OF DIET AND 4436 03:10:45,160 --> 03:10:47,320 NUTRITION, THERE ARE A VARIETY 4437 03:10:47,320 --> 03:10:51,480 OF FACTORS THAT MAY KBT TO THE 4438 03:10:51,480 --> 03:10:55,440 DIFFERENCE ENO TYPES. 4439 03:10:55,440 --> 03:10:57,800 FOR EXAMPLE, RENL FACTORS, 4440 03:10:57,800 --> 03:10:58,920 PHYSICAL, SOCIAL 4441 03:10:58,920 --> 03:11:01,800 CHARACTERISTICS OF COURSE FOOD 4442 03:11:01,800 --> 03:11:03,640 SYSTEMS, NUTRIENT EXPOSURE AND 4443 03:11:03,640 --> 03:11:05,760 STATUS AND ALSO THE BROWDER 4444 03:11:05,760 --> 03:11:07,880 HEALTH CONTEXT THINKING ABOUT 4445 03:11:07,880 --> 03:11:09,520 BIOLOGICAL MEASURES, BRAIN 4446 03:11:09,520 --> 03:11:13,880 HEALTH AND ALSO GENETICS, AND 4447 03:11:13,880 --> 03:11:17,240 PHYSICAL FITNESS WHICH DREW AND 4448 03:11:17,240 --> 03:11:20,320 DAN, HAVE COINED COLLECTIVELY 4449 03:11:20,320 --> 03:11:20,920 REPRESENT THE NUTRITIONAL 4450 03:11:20,920 --> 03:11:23,240 COLLAGEN. 4451 03:11:23,240 --> 03:11:27,120 SO WE NEED IN THE SERVICE OF 4452 03:11:27,120 --> 03:11:29,480 PERSONALIZED NUTRITION TO BUILD 4453 03:11:29,480 --> 03:11:31,400 A SOUND FOUNDATION FOR 4454 03:11:31,400 --> 03:11:32,040 PERSONALIZED SOLUTION TO SEE 4455 03:11:32,040 --> 03:11:34,440 HELP BRAIN AGING. 4456 03:11:34,440 --> 03:11:36,840 AND SO TODAY I'LL TALK BRIEFLY 4457 03:11:36,840 --> 03:11:40,440 ABOUT THE KINDS OF MENT LOGICAL 4458 03:11:40,440 --> 03:11:43,360 APPROACHES THAT WE'VE USED IN 4459 03:11:43,360 --> 03:11:43,640 NUTRITION. 4460 03:11:43,640 --> 03:11:46,040 IT BEGINS TYPICALLY BY 4461 03:11:46,040 --> 03:11:48,120 EVALUATING MODERATING FACTORS. 4462 03:11:48,120 --> 03:11:51,080 WE AIM TO BUILD A KNOWLEDGE 4463 03:11:51,080 --> 03:11:53,160 BASE THAT INVESTIGATES 4464 03:11:53,160 --> 03:11:55,600 SPECIFICALLY HOW NUTRITION 4465 03:11:55,600 --> 03:11:57,720 MIGHT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN 4466 03:11:57,720 --> 03:11:58,840 MODERATING THE BENEFICIAL 4467 03:11:58,840 --> 03:12:01,720 AFFECTS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED ON 4468 03:12:01,720 --> 03:12:03,960 BRAIN HEALTH AND COGNITION. 4469 03:12:03,960 --> 03:12:09,160 WE AIM TO ESTABLISH MAPS OF THE 4470 03:12:09,160 --> 03:12:11,120 NUTRIENTS AND ECOLOGICAL 4471 03:12:11,120 --> 03:12:11,760 FACTORS, AGAIN MODERATING BRAIN 4472 03:12:11,760 --> 03:12:13,240 HEALTH. 4473 03:12:13,240 --> 03:12:16,920 AND WITH THOSE KNOWN MODERATING 4474 03:12:16,920 --> 03:12:18,800 FACTORS,WE CAN THEN FOCUS ON 4475 03:12:18,800 --> 03:12:20,720 PERSONALIZATION IN THE SERVICE 4476 03:12:20,720 --> 03:12:24,040 OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION, THAT 4477 03:12:24,040 --> 03:12:28,160 WE CAN BUILD CUSTOMIZE DECISION 4478 03:12:28,160 --> 03:12:31,120 TREES, FOR ARTICULATING THE 4479 03:12:31,120 --> 03:12:31,520 SELECTED BENEFITS. 4480 03:12:31,520 --> 03:12:35,120 THE DIET AND NUTRITION THAT WE 4481 03:12:35,120 --> 03:12:37,760 HAVE ON BRAIN HEALTH AND 4482 03:12:37,760 --> 03:12:43,120 LEARNING IN AI ALLOWING US TO 4483 03:12:43,120 --> 03:12:44,800 CREATE ALGORITHMS THAT HAVE 4484 03:12:44,800 --> 03:12:47,760 DEEPER PERSONALIZATION CAPACITY. 4485 03:12:47,760 --> 03:12:49,960 SO WITH RESPECT TO BUILDING A 4486 03:12:49,960 --> 03:12:52,840 KNOWLEDGE BASE, WE WORKED AT 4487 03:12:52,840 --> 03:12:58,520 THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, TO 4488 03:12:58,520 --> 03:12:59,200 IDENTIFY NUTRIENT BIOMARKERS, 4489 03:12:59,200 --> 03:13:01,320 AND BIOMARKER PATTERNS THAT MAY 4490 03:13:01,320 --> 03:13:04,880 HAVE AFFECTS ON BRAIN COGNITION. 4491 03:13:04,880 --> 03:13:08,160 AND WE'VE CONDUCTED LARGE SCALE 4492 03:13:08,160 --> 03:13:10,680 LONGITUDE STUDY IN HELPING 4493 03:13:10,680 --> 03:13:12,760 OLDER ADULTS, APPROXIMATELY 140 4494 03:13:12,760 --> 03:13:14,720 HEALTHY ADULTS BETWEEN THE AGES 4495 03:13:14,720 --> 03:13:16,680 OF 65 AND 75. 4496 03:13:16,680 --> 03:13:20,160 AND WE HAVE MEASURED VARIETY OF 4497 03:13:20,160 --> 03:13:21,120 CHARACTERISTICS INVESTIGATING 4498 03:13:21,120 --> 03:13:26,320 BLOOD BASE BIO MARKERS AND 4499 03:13:26,320 --> 03:13:28,800 NUTRITIONAL STATUS, MEASURES OF 4500 03:13:28,800 --> 03:13:30,680 PHYSICAL FITNESS, DAILY 4501 03:13:30,680 --> 03:13:34,920 EXERCISE AND SOCIAL FUNCTION 4502 03:13:34,920 --> 03:13:35,880 AND HEALTH, COGNITIVE 4503 03:13:35,880 --> 03:13:36,800 ASSESSMENT, INVESTIGATING FOR 4504 03:13:36,800 --> 03:13:38,640 EXAMPLE, MEASURES OF THE 4505 03:13:38,640 --> 03:13:39,560 EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LEARNING 4506 03:13:39,560 --> 03:13:43,600 MEMORY AND OF COURSE, A WIDE 4507 03:13:43,600 --> 03:13:45,960 RANGING BRAIN IMAGING 4508 03:13:45,960 --> 03:13:47,200 ASSESSMENT LOOKING AT RESTING 4509 03:13:47,200 --> 03:13:52,600 STATE CONNECTIVITY. 4510 03:13:52,600 --> 03:13:55,200 MEASURING STRUCTURAL 4511 03:13:55,200 --> 03:13:58,920 CONNECTIVITY INCLUDING TRACKS, 4512 03:13:58,920 --> 03:14:01,440 CRITICAL THINKER, SEREBRAL AND 4513 03:14:01,440 --> 03:14:03,360 WE'VE DEPLOYED A NOVEL 4514 03:14:03,360 --> 03:14:04,920 TECHNIQUE THIS THIS CONTEXT 4515 03:14:04,920 --> 03:14:08,960 THAT ALLOWS US TO EXAMINE 4516 03:14:08,960 --> 03:14:11,400 DIFFERENCES AND ARCHITECTURE 4517 03:14:11,400 --> 03:14:11,680 INTEGRITY. 4518 03:14:11,680 --> 03:14:16,640 OF COURSE WE'VE ALREADY 4519 03:14:16,640 --> 03:14:18,520 EXPLORED MOLECULAR GENETICS AND 4520 03:14:18,520 --> 03:14:18,760 MARKERS. 4521 03:14:18,760 --> 03:14:20,640 SO TODAY I WILL NOT HAVE TIME 4522 03:14:20,640 --> 03:14:22,120 TO GO INTO EXTENSIVE DETAIL BUT 4523 03:14:22,120 --> 03:14:26,560 I WANT TO PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE 4524 03:14:26,560 --> 03:14:28,480 THAT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 4525 03:14:28,480 --> 03:14:31,480 NUTRIENT MARKERS ON ONE HAND 4526 03:14:31,480 --> 03:14:32,320 AND CONNECTIVITY. 4527 03:14:32,320 --> 03:14:39,560 THIS IS A STUDY LEAD BY OUR 4528 03:14:39,560 --> 03:14:41,800 FELLOW CHRIS THAT INVESTIGATES 4529 03:14:41,800 --> 03:14:46,120 MEASURES IN THE AGING BRAIN. 4530 03:14:46,120 --> 03:14:52,240 HERE WE ASKED A 32 KNEW TRAOENS 4531 03:14:52,240 --> 03:14:54,120 THAT UNDERLINE THE 4532 03:14:54,120 --> 03:14:55,040 MEDITERRANEAN DIET, THAT 4533 03:14:55,040 --> 03:14:58,480 INCLUDES VITAMINS AND FATTY 4534 03:14:58,480 --> 03:15:01,800 ACIDS, AND WE APPLIED PRINCIPLE 4535 03:15:01,800 --> 03:15:03,680 ANALYSIS TO CHARACTERISTIC 10 4536 03:15:03,680 --> 03:15:07,800 VARIANT BIO MARKER PATTERNS 4537 03:15:07,800 --> 03:15:08,760 THAT INDEX THE MEDITERRANEAN 4538 03:15:08,760 --> 03:15:11,520 DIET. 4539 03:15:11,520 --> 03:15:13,840 WE INVESTIGATED 7 NETWORKS OF 4540 03:15:13,840 --> 03:15:17,720 THE BRAIN THAT ILLUSTRATED HERE. 4541 03:15:17,720 --> 03:15:21,480 SO AGAIN, I WILL NOT HAVE TIME 4542 03:15:21,480 --> 03:15:24,480 TO HAVE DETAILED SO ONE OF THE 4543 03:15:24,480 --> 03:15:30,000 FINDINGS THAT WE OBSERVED THAT 4544 03:15:30,000 --> 03:15:32,680 WAS OUR LICOPINE PATTERN 4545 03:15:32,680 --> 03:15:33,200 EXECUTIVE AND DEFICIENCY 4546 03:15:33,200 --> 03:15:34,400 FUNCTIONS. 4547 03:15:34,400 --> 03:15:38,720 THESE WERE THE FILE MARKERS 4548 03:15:38,720 --> 03:15:39,320 THAT UNDERLINE. 4549 03:15:39,320 --> 03:15:46,760 LIKE THE ENFORCES OF VERY LARGE 4550 03:15:46,760 --> 03:15:47,720 LITERATURE EPI NOLOGY THAT 4551 03:15:47,720 --> 03:15:50,520 EXTENDS. 4552 03:15:50,520 --> 03:15:53,120 THE SECOND, NUTRIENT BIO MARKER 4553 03:15:53,120 --> 03:15:56,680 PATTERN THAT WE OBSERVED WAS 4554 03:15:56,680 --> 03:16:00,200 FOR OMEGA 6, FATTY ACIDS WHICH 4555 03:16:00,200 --> 03:16:02,840 MODERATED BETWEEN DORSAL AND 4556 03:16:02,840 --> 03:16:04,880 EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS. 4557 03:16:04,880 --> 03:16:08,800 AND FINALLY THE THIRD NUTRIENT 4558 03:16:08,800 --> 03:16:14,520 BIO MARKER WAS FOR THE OMEGA-3 4559 03:16:14,520 --> 03:16:18,560 FATTY ACIDS WHICH MODERATED AND 4560 03:16:18,560 --> 03:16:19,040 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. 4561 03:16:19,040 --> 03:16:21,160 AND OF COURSE THERE IS A WEALTH 4562 03:16:21,160 --> 03:16:24,640 OF EVIDENCE THAT POINTS TO 4563 03:16:24,640 --> 03:16:28,440 POTENTIAL FAVORABLE AFFECTS OF 4564 03:16:28,440 --> 03:16:31,200 OMEGA-3 AND 6s ON BRAIN HEALTH. 4565 03:16:31,200 --> 03:16:33,760 SO OUR FINDINGS MODE VAIT A 4566 03:16:33,760 --> 03:16:35,400 APPROACH THAT APPLIES METHODS 4567 03:16:35,400 --> 03:16:36,280 IN NUERO SCIENCE TO 4568 03:16:36,280 --> 03:16:42,960 CHARACTERISTIC THE IMPACT OF 4569 03:16:42,960 --> 03:16:45,280 NUTRITION AND BRAIN AGING AND 4570 03:16:45,280 --> 03:16:47,560 DISEASE, AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS 4571 03:16:47,560 --> 03:16:49,000 THAT MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP 4572 03:16:49,000 --> 03:16:51,520 BETWEEN BRAIN HEALTH AND 4573 03:16:51,520 --> 03:16:52,360 COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. 4574 03:16:52,360 --> 03:16:55,520 SO NEXT I'LL TURN TO OUR WORK 4575 03:16:55,520 --> 03:16:55,920 ON PERSONALIZATION. 4576 03:16:55,920 --> 03:16:58,040 AND THIS WORK IS REALLY 4577 03:16:58,040 --> 03:16:59,600 MOTIVATED BY A PARALLEL 4578 03:16:59,600 --> 03:17:02,760 PROJECTS THAT WE'RE CONDUCTING 4579 03:17:02,760 --> 03:17:06,840 IN THE LAG. 4580 03:17:06,840 --> 03:17:08,880 WHICH FOCUSES ON INVESTIGATING 4581 03:17:08,880 --> 03:17:10,240 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND 4582 03:17:10,240 --> 03:17:12,320 USING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES TO 4583 03:17:12,320 --> 03:17:14,480 MAKE POWERFUL PREDICTIONS WILL 4584 03:17:14,480 --> 03:17:19,080 PERFORMANCE, ABOUT BEHAVIOR AND 4585 03:17:19,080 --> 03:17:20,920 USING THEM AND APPLYING CONTEXT. 4586 03:17:20,920 --> 03:17:22,840 SO WE'VE CONDUCTED PREVIOUS 4587 03:17:22,840 --> 03:17:25,120 WORK THAT FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUAL 4588 03:17:25,120 --> 03:17:27,520 DIFFERENCES AND BRAIN STRUCTURE 4589 03:17:27,520 --> 03:17:29,480 AND BRAIN FUNCTION AND 4590 03:17:29,480 --> 03:17:30,120 DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE 4591 03:17:30,120 --> 03:17:33,880 DIFFERENCE RIGHT SIDE IMPORTANT 4592 03:17:33,880 --> 03:17:35,800 FOR PREDICTING HOW INDIVIDUAL 4593 03:17:35,800 --> 03:17:39,480 RESPONSE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF 4594 03:17:39,480 --> 03:17:42,120 INTERVENTION. 4595 03:17:42,120 --> 03:17:45,440 AND NUTRITION WILLING TO 4596 03:17:45,440 --> 03:17:48,440 ESTABLISH AND BRAIN WORKS FOR 4597 03:17:48,440 --> 03:17:50,520 SELECTION AND DESIGN OF 4598 03:17:50,520 --> 03:17:51,680 PERSONALIZED TRAINING AND 4599 03:17:51,680 --> 03:17:56,120 PROGRAMS IN THE MILITARY THAT 4600 03:17:56,120 --> 03:17:58,720 ARE OPTIMIZED. 4601 03:17:58,720 --> 03:18:02,120 SO WE'RE CURRENTLY CONDUCTING 4602 03:18:02,120 --> 03:18:03,040 WHAT WE CALL THE INFERENCE 4603 03:18:03,040 --> 03:18:04,000 PROJECT. 4604 03:18:04,000 --> 03:18:05,840 AGAIN WE WILL NOT HAVE TIME 4605 03:18:05,840 --> 03:18:07,600 UNFORTUNATELY TO GO INTO THE 4606 03:18:07,600 --> 03:18:08,600 DETAILS. 4607 03:18:08,600 --> 03:18:10,240 I'M HAPPY AT THE END IF THERE 4608 03:18:10,240 --> 03:18:12,960 ARE QUESTIONS THAT WE'RE USING 4609 03:18:12,960 --> 03:18:14,520 TO DESCRIBE THEM IN FURTHER 4610 03:18:14,520 --> 03:18:17,040 DETAIL AT A HIGH LEVEL OF SAY 4611 03:18:17,040 --> 03:18:19,120 THAT WE'RE USING A FRAMEWORK 4612 03:18:19,120 --> 03:18:19,680 THAT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING 4613 03:18:19,680 --> 03:18:20,720 STEPS. 4614 03:18:20,720 --> 03:18:24,360 FIRST WE BEGIN WITH THE VARIETY 4615 03:18:24,360 --> 03:18:29,480 OF MULTI DATA THAT INCLUDES 4616 03:18:29,480 --> 03:18:33,800 BRAIN DATA AND COGNITIVE 4617 03:18:33,800 --> 03:18:35,640 TRAINING ASSESSMENT AND AEROBIC 4618 03:18:35,640 --> 03:18:36,800 FITNESS AND MARK THAERZ 4619 03:18:36,800 --> 03:18:38,080 INVESTIGATE DIFFERENCES IN DIET 4620 03:18:38,080 --> 03:18:40,800 AND NUTRITION. 4621 03:18:40,800 --> 03:18:44,920 WE THEN APPLY THE REDUCTION 4622 03:18:44,920 --> 03:18:48,280 TECHNIQUES LIKE PRINCIPLE TO 4623 03:18:48,280 --> 03:18:52,720 MODEL THE VARIANTS ACROSS THE 4624 03:18:52,720 --> 03:18:55,240 MODALITIES WE'RE THEN ABLE TO 4625 03:18:55,240 --> 03:18:57,320 MODEL RELATIONS ALONG THE 4626 03:18:57,320 --> 03:18:59,520 RELATIONS AND COGNITION AND 4627 03:18:59,520 --> 03:19:02,320 UNDERLYING BIOLOGY. 4628 03:19:02,320 --> 03:19:03,880 WE THEN APPLIED NUERO NETWORK 4629 03:19:03,880 --> 03:19:05,480 MODELS WHERE WE CAN TRAIN THE 4630 03:19:05,480 --> 03:19:09,640 MEDICINE ELZ TO PREDICT THE 4631 03:19:09,640 --> 03:19:10,200 OUTCOMES BASED ON DIFFERENT 4632 03:19:10,200 --> 03:19:12,160 TYPES. 4633 03:19:12,160 --> 03:19:16,560 AND THEN WE'RE ABLE TO MODEL 4634 03:19:16,560 --> 03:19:18,720 THE INTERVENTION MAKING PRECISE 4635 03:19:18,720 --> 03:19:22,880 PREDICTION HOW WELL INDIVIDUAL 4636 03:19:22,880 --> 03:19:24,120 RESPOND TO PARTICULAR 4637 03:19:24,120 --> 03:19:27,240 INTERVENTION, FOR EXAMPLE 4638 03:19:27,240 --> 03:19:27,720 THINKING OF DIABETIC 4639 03:19:27,720 --> 03:19:32,480 INTERVENTION. 4640 03:19:32,480 --> 03:19:35,520 IN THE PHENO TYPE THAT THAT 4641 03:19:35,520 --> 03:19:36,280 INDIVIDUAL DEMONSTRATE. 4642 03:19:36,280 --> 03:19:38,320 AND WE'RE ABLE TO TAKE 4643 03:19:38,320 --> 03:19:39,240 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, THE 4644 03:19:39,240 --> 03:19:42,320 CHARACTERISTICS OF THAT 4645 03:19:42,320 --> 03:19:42,800 INDIVIDUAL INTO ACCOUNT. 4646 03:19:42,800 --> 03:19:44,160 THERE IS A SECOND PROJECT, OF 4647 03:19:44,160 --> 03:19:47,760 COURSE WE'RE WORKING ON 4648 03:19:47,760 --> 03:19:49,840 RESPONSE SOEDER BY DAR BOROS'S 4649 03:19:49,840 --> 03:19:53,840 NEXT CAMPAIGN THAT FOCUSES ON 4650 03:19:53,840 --> 03:19:56,120 BIOLOGICAL APTITUDE THAT MAY 4651 03:19:56,120 --> 03:19:58,120 INCORPORATE BIO MARKERS RELATED 4652 03:19:58,120 --> 03:20:07,120 TO THOSE TO DIET AND NUTRITION 4653 03:20:07,120 --> 03:20:07,680 AND COMPREHENSIVE MODELING. 4654 03:20:07,680 --> 03:20:08,920 THIS IS TO ILLUSTRATE THAT 4655 03:20:08,920 --> 03:20:15,480 THERE IS A WEALTH OF, EXPERTISE 4656 03:20:15,480 --> 03:20:17,680 AND KNOWLEDGE IN COMPETER 4657 03:20:17,680 --> 03:20:19,360 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING THAT 4658 03:20:19,360 --> 03:20:22,160 COULD BE LEVERAGE IN THE 4659 03:20:22,160 --> 03:20:22,920 CONTEXT OF PERSONALIZED 4660 03:20:22,920 --> 03:20:25,480 NUTRITION AND I THINK 4661 03:20:25,480 --> 03:20:32,160 EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF 4662 03:20:32,160 --> 03:20:33,280 INNER EFFORTS AND NUTRITIONAL 4663 03:20:33,280 --> 03:20:34,480 SCIENCES THAT TAKES ADVANTAGE 4664 03:20:34,480 --> 03:20:36,720 OF THE PROGRESS THAT IS 4665 03:20:36,720 --> 03:20:38,920 HAPPENING UNTIL THE PARALLEL 4666 03:20:38,920 --> 03:20:52,120 DISCIPLINES. 4667 03:20:52,120 --> 03:20:54,720 AND NOTE VAITS NEW RESEARCH ON 4668 03:20:54,720 --> 03:20:57,880 THE PERSONATION DIET AND 4669 03:20:57,880 --> 03:20:58,560 NUTRITION TO ENHANCE BRAIN 4670 03:20:58,560 --> 03:20:58,800 HEALTH. 4671 03:20:58,800 --> 03:21:01,960 THANK YOU. 4672 03:21:01,960 --> 03:21:03,800 >> THANK YOU, WHAT A FORWARD 4673 03:21:03,800 --> 03:21:07,640 LOOKING VIEW OF HOW WE'RE GOING 4674 03:21:07,640 --> 03:21:12,120 TO USE THE NEW ME TABOLOMIC AND 4675 03:21:12,120 --> 03:21:13,960 SO FORTH TO GET ANSWERS IN THE 4676 03:21:13,960 --> 03:21:15,560 FUTURE, I APPRECIATE IT. 4677 03:21:15,560 --> 03:21:17,720 SO NEXT WE HAVE ED FROM THE 4678 03:21:17,720 --> 03:21:20,000 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 4679 03:21:20,000 --> 03:21:24,000 WHO IS GOING TO ADDRESS ACTIONS 4680 03:21:24,000 --> 03:21:26,600 TO PROMOTE GROWTH AND NUTRITION 4681 03:21:26,600 --> 03:21:30,040 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 4682 03:21:30,040 --> 03:21:30,720 ADOLESCENTS. 4683 03:21:30,720 --> 03:21:34,320 >> THANK YOU EVERYBODY. 4684 03:21:34,320 --> 03:21:35,760 I HAVE NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 4685 03:21:35,760 --> 03:21:36,920 TO DIS CLOSING. 4686 03:21:36,920 --> 03:21:42,880 SO THERE IS A LOT OF 4687 03:21:42,880 --> 03:21:44,320 ADOLESCENTS 1.2 BILLION AND 4688 03:21:44,320 --> 03:21:47,520 ABOUT 10% LOW IN LOW AND MIDDLE 4689 03:21:47,520 --> 03:21:49,320 CLASS COUNTRIES. 4690 03:21:49,320 --> 03:21:51,880 WE'LL BE FOCUSING TODAY, WE ARE 4691 03:21:51,880 --> 03:21:53,120 FOCUSING TODAY IN MANY WAYS ON 4692 03:21:53,120 --> 03:21:56,280 THE PATHWAY THAT IS ON THE LEFT 4693 03:21:56,280 --> 03:21:59,360 HERE, AS WE DIETARY INTEXT AND 4694 03:21:59,360 --> 03:21:59,920 NUTRITIONAL STATUS TO WELL 4695 03:21:59,920 --> 03:22:01,160 BEING. 4696 03:22:01,160 --> 03:22:03,960 BUT JUST TO REMIND US THAT FOOD 4697 03:22:03,960 --> 03:22:05,680 AFFECTS CHILDREN TO OTHER PATHS 4698 03:22:05,680 --> 03:22:07,240 THAT ARE LISTED RIGHT THERE, 4699 03:22:07,240 --> 03:22:09,200 THAT SYSTEM FROM FOOD AND LACK 4700 03:22:09,200 --> 03:22:13,120 OF FOOD, LACK OF FOOD BEING A 4701 03:22:13,120 --> 03:22:13,680 REALLY PROFOUND STRESSING. 4702 03:22:13,680 --> 03:22:15,960 AND THERE IS A TREMENDOUS 4703 03:22:15,960 --> 03:22:17,560 AMOUNT OF EVIDENCE TO SHOW THAT 4704 03:22:17,560 --> 03:22:20,120 THOSE PATHS AS WELL AS 4705 03:22:20,120 --> 03:22:23,320 NUTRITIONAL PATHS AFFECT CHILD 4706 03:22:23,320 --> 03:22:26,280 AND NR ADOLESCENT WELL BEING. 4707 03:22:26,280 --> 03:22:28,840 ADOLESCENCE IS A TIME WHEN 4708 03:22:28,840 --> 03:22:30,480 TRANSITION AND OPENNESS TO 4709 03:22:30,480 --> 03:22:33,520 CHANGE CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR 4710 03:22:33,520 --> 03:22:38,600 RADICAL SHIFT AND ACTIVITY. 4711 03:22:38,600 --> 03:22:44,680 BUT NOVELTY ALSO LEAVES 4712 03:22:44,680 --> 03:22:45,200 ADOLESCENTS VULNERABLE TO 4713 03:22:45,200 --> 03:22:47,040 SOCIAL EXPLOITATION. 4714 03:22:47,040 --> 03:22:51,920 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING 4715 03:22:51,920 --> 03:22:52,600 ADOLESCENCE MAY PROVIDE WINDOWS 4716 03:22:52,600 --> 03:22:54,720 OF OPPORTUNITIES THAT WE CAN 4717 03:22:54,720 --> 03:22:56,880 TAKE ADVANTAGE OF, BUT THESE 4718 03:22:56,880 --> 03:22:58,640 ARE UNDER STUDIED. 4719 03:22:58,640 --> 03:23:00,280 BUT MULTI FAUCETED AND MULTI 4720 03:23:00,280 --> 03:23:02,640 SECTIONAL FA SETS THAT ARE 4721 03:23:02,640 --> 03:23:05,560 BEING USED IN OTHER REALMS 4722 03:23:05,560 --> 03:23:07,160 NUTRITION HAVE POTENTIAL TO BE 4723 03:23:07,160 --> 03:23:09,320 HELPFUL IN ADOLESCENCE. 4724 03:23:09,320 --> 03:23:11,400 BUT IT'S BEEN IN NUTRIENTS AND 4725 03:23:11,400 --> 03:23:14,040 IRON. 4726 03:23:14,040 --> 03:23:17,120 JUST YESTERDAY ALIVE AND THRIVE 4727 03:23:17,120 --> 03:23:18,960 GAVE A PRESENTATION IN 4728 03:23:18,960 --> 03:23:26,200 INTERVENTION IN ETHIOPIA THAT 4729 03:23:26,200 --> 03:23:29,360 IS SUPERB ALLY DEVELOPED TO 4730 03:23:29,360 --> 03:23:33,040 INFLUENCE THE DIETS OF 4731 03:23:33,040 --> 03:23:34,920 ADOLESCENCE AND SHOWS VERY 4732 03:23:34,920 --> 03:23:35,320 SUCCESSFUL RESULTS. 4733 03:23:35,320 --> 03:23:36,520 SO I THINK WE'LL BE SEEING MORE 4734 03:23:36,520 --> 03:23:37,640 OF THAT GOING FORWARD. 4735 03:23:37,640 --> 03:23:40,200 ONE OF THE CHALLENGES THAT WE 4736 03:23:40,200 --> 03:23:43,320 HAVE WITH ADOLESCENCE IN TERMS 4737 03:23:43,320 --> 03:23:45,760 OF NUTRITION, IS THEIR PROBLEMS 4738 03:23:45,760 --> 03:23:46,960 HAVE BEEN RELATIVELY INVERIES I 4739 03:23:46,960 --> 03:23:50,920 BELIEVE BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE 4740 03:23:50,920 --> 03:23:52,320 ESTABLISHED TARGETS AND 4741 03:23:52,320 --> 03:23:53,520 STANDARDIZED COLLECTION SYSTEMS 4742 03:23:53,520 --> 03:23:55,840 TO INFORM GLOBALLY, THERE IS NO 4743 03:23:55,840 --> 03:23:58,640 EQUIVALENT OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC 4744 03:23:58,640 --> 03:24:01,920 AND HEALTH SURVEY THAT'S HAVE 4745 03:24:01,920 --> 03:24:03,040 ADOLESCENTS BECAUSE THOSE 4746 03:24:03,040 --> 03:24:07,480 SURVEYS FOCUS ON WOMEN OF 4747 03:24:07,480 --> 03:24:08,480 REPRODUCTIVE AGE. 4748 03:24:08,480 --> 03:24:10,360 THERE IS A WHO STUDENT HEALTH 4749 03:24:10,360 --> 03:24:14,520 SURVEY BUT THOSE ARE ONLY 4750 03:24:14,520 --> 03:24:16,120 SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENCE, 4751 03:24:16,120 --> 03:24:17,760 COLLECTS DATA EVERY YEAR BUT 4752 03:24:17,760 --> 03:24:20,040 THOSE START AT AGE 15 AND 4753 03:24:20,040 --> 03:24:26,000 ABOVE, NOT YOUNGER THAN THAT. 4754 03:24:26,000 --> 03:24:31,320 THE MULTIPLE CLUSTER SURVEYS OF 4755 03:24:31,320 --> 03:24:32,600 UNICEF, IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN 4756 03:24:32,600 --> 03:24:35,120 HOW THAT IS GOING TO BE EVOLVE. 4757 03:24:35,120 --> 03:24:38,400 IN THE ARTICLE, THE THIRD LAND 4758 03:24:38,400 --> 03:24:39,760 ADOLESCENCE NUTRITION ARTICLE 4759 03:24:39,760 --> 03:24:42,720 THERE ARE SOME OTHERS THAT ARE 4760 03:24:42,720 --> 03:24:43,360 MENTIONED IF YOU'RE INTERESTED. 4761 03:24:43,360 --> 03:24:46,160 ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS GIVEN 4762 03:24:46,160 --> 03:24:48,320 THEIR AUTONOMY, ASSESSING THEIR 4763 03:24:48,320 --> 03:24:50,160 DIETS IS DIFFICULT AND IT MAY 4764 03:24:50,160 --> 03:24:55,200 BE THAT SOME INNOVATIONS THAT 4765 03:24:55,200 --> 03:24:56,400 USE SOME MODERN COMPUTERIZED 4766 03:24:56,400 --> 03:24:58,800 TOOLS MAY BE HELPFUL. 4767 03:24:58,800 --> 03:25:00,400 THIS CHALLENGE OF ASSESSING 4768 03:25:00,400 --> 03:25:04,920 DIET IS NOT UNIQUE TO 4769 03:25:04,920 --> 03:25:05,720 ADOLESCENCE, BECAUSE WE KNOW 4770 03:25:05,720 --> 03:25:08,720 THAT ACTIONS THAT WE WANT TO 4771 03:25:08,720 --> 03:25:12,880 TAKE TO IMPROVE DIETS IN MIDDLE 4772 03:25:12,880 --> 03:25:14,040 WORLD COUNTRIES, WHERE THE 4773 03:25:14,040 --> 03:25:19,480 DARKER ARE ONES WHERE WE HAVE 4774 03:25:19,480 --> 03:25:22,240 QUANTITATIVE NATIONAL AND THOSE 4775 03:25:22,240 --> 03:25:24,000 ARE RELATIVELY RARE, AND MANY 4776 03:25:24,000 --> 03:25:25,520 OF THOSE COUNTRIES WE HAVE 4777 03:25:25,520 --> 03:25:29,320 LITTLE OR NO DATA. 4778 03:25:29,320 --> 03:25:31,400 AND WE DON'T HAVE GLOBALLY SETS 4779 03:25:31,400 --> 03:25:33,120 OF HEALTHY DIETS, THOSE ARE 4780 03:25:33,120 --> 03:25:35,240 ONLY NOW BEING DEVELOPED 4781 03:25:35,240 --> 03:25:37,840 THROUGH A CONSENSUS PROCESS. 4782 03:25:37,840 --> 03:25:39,840 ALONG WITH THAT, WE HAVE NOT 4783 03:25:39,840 --> 03:25:41,800 KNOWN VERY MUCH ABOUT FOOD 4784 03:25:41,800 --> 03:25:43,560 CHOICES IN LOW AND MIDDLE 4785 03:25:43,560 --> 03:25:45,160 INCOME COUNTRIES. 4786 03:25:45,160 --> 03:25:48,480 THE SO IT WAS ESTABLISHED HERE 4787 03:25:48,480 --> 03:25:52,360 IN MY UNIVERSITY IN 2015 BY NEW 4788 03:25:52,360 --> 03:25:54,920 K AID TO TRY TO PROVIDE 4789 03:25:54,920 --> 03:25:55,840 EVIDENCE AND LEARN ABOUT HOW 4790 03:25:55,840 --> 03:25:58,520 CHOICE RIGHT SIDE MADE IN LOW 4791 03:25:58,520 --> 03:26:01,320 AND MIDDLE CLASS COUNTRIES. 4792 03:26:01,320 --> 03:26:03,320 AND MANY IS FOCUSED ON 4793 03:26:03,320 --> 03:26:05,160 ADOLESCENT, THE STUDY THAT WAS 4794 03:26:05,160 --> 03:26:10,160 DONE IN GHANA, SHOWED THAT 4795 03:26:10,160 --> 03:26:11,120 ADOLESCENCE CONCEPTUAL HEALTHY 4796 03:26:11,120 --> 03:26:13,920 AND UNHEALTHY FOOD THROUGH FOOD 4797 03:26:13,920 --> 03:26:15,080 SAFETY THROUGH FUNCTIONAL 4798 03:26:15,080 --> 03:26:20,080 SAFETY OF HEALTH AND PRACTICES. 4799 03:26:20,080 --> 03:26:21,920 AND THEIR CONCEPTUALIZATION 4800 03:26:21,920 --> 03:26:23,760 WERE INFORMED BY FOOD GUIDANCE 4801 03:26:23,760 --> 03:26:26,120 BUT THOSE IN THEIR SOCIAL 4802 03:26:26,120 --> 03:26:28,080 NETWORK, THEY THOUGHT ABOUT 4803 03:26:28,080 --> 03:26:29,520 PORTION SIZES AS BEING 4804 03:26:29,520 --> 03:26:31,520 MODERATION AND HAVING BALANCE. 4805 03:26:31,520 --> 03:26:33,120 AND THEY ATE DIFFERENT PORTIONS 4806 03:26:33,120 --> 03:26:35,120 AND DIFFERENT SETTINGS AND 4807 03:26:35,120 --> 03:26:35,400 SITUATIONS. 4808 03:26:35,400 --> 03:26:38,320 AND THE REASONS FOR THAT, WERE 4809 03:26:38,320 --> 03:26:40,000 MOSTLY DRIVEN BY THAT SEEKING 4810 03:26:40,000 --> 03:26:43,360 SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OR TRYING TO 4811 03:26:43,360 --> 03:26:46,920 KEEP UP APPEARANCES. 4812 03:26:46,920 --> 03:26:54,520 THEY EXERCISED SOME AUTONOMY 4813 03:26:54,520 --> 03:27:00,840 AND PARALLEL TO THAT, THE 4814 03:27:00,840 --> 03:27:01,920 ADOLESCENCE NUTRITION PAPER 4815 03:27:01,920 --> 03:27:03,400 LEAD BY COLLEAGUES, IT IS NOT 4816 03:27:03,400 --> 03:27:05,960 SHOWING UP AT THE BOTTOM OF THE 4817 03:27:05,960 --> 03:27:15,400 SCREEN, BUT THEY DID A POOL 4818 03:27:15,400 --> 03:27:18,080 ANNOTATEIVE ANALYSIS, AND WHERE 4819 03:27:18,080 --> 03:27:21,320 NUTRITION FOODS ARE ACCESSIBLE, 4820 03:27:21,320 --> 03:27:23,280 THAT UNHEALTHY FOODS ARE 4821 03:27:23,280 --> 03:27:26,440 EXPENSIVE IN APPEALING AND HOW 4822 03:27:26,440 --> 03:27:27,520 THESE AFFECT ADOLESCENCE. 4823 03:27:27,520 --> 03:27:32,480 AND ONE OF THE THING THEY 4824 03:27:32,480 --> 03:27:34,360 THOUGHT ABOUT CONTEXT IS HOW 4825 03:27:34,360 --> 03:27:36,040 IT'S DETERMINED BY THE CONTEXT 4826 03:27:36,040 --> 03:27:37,920 IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND 4827 03:27:37,920 --> 03:27:38,520 SURROUNDING COMMUNITY WHETHER 4828 03:27:38,520 --> 03:27:40,440 IT'S TRADITIONAL MIX OR MOD 4829 03:27:40,440 --> 03:27:43,160 PERSON, AND THAT DEPENDED UPON 4830 03:27:43,160 --> 03:27:45,680 OR COULD BE UNDERSTOOD THROUGH 4831 03:27:45,680 --> 03:27:47,360 THEMES OF AVAILABILITY 4832 03:27:47,360 --> 03:27:49,920 AFFORDABILITY AND DESIRABILITY 4833 03:27:49,920 --> 03:27:51,040 AND THOSE QUOTES ARE REFLECTING 4834 03:27:51,040 --> 03:27:52,520 THAT. 4835 03:27:52,520 --> 03:27:56,000 SO IN RURAL INDIA, A GIRL 4836 03:27:56,000 --> 03:27:59,040 SAYING WE DON'T GET VEGETABLES 4837 03:27:59,040 --> 03:27:59,320 VERY OFTEN. 4838 03:27:59,320 --> 03:28:01,800 IN A MIXED SETTING HERE IN 4839 03:28:01,800 --> 03:28:03,160 BANGLADESH, PEOPLE DON'T GET TO 4840 03:28:03,160 --> 03:28:05,200 BUY THEM ALWAYS, EVEN IF THEY 4841 03:28:05,200 --> 03:28:07,560 BUY THEM, I FEEL LIKE NOT 4842 03:28:07,560 --> 03:28:09,440 EATING THESE FOODS. 4843 03:28:09,440 --> 03:28:13,480 AND IN A MODERN SETTING, SEEING 4844 03:28:13,480 --> 03:28:15,120 THE CONTESTATION OF OTHER 4845 03:28:15,120 --> 03:28:17,120 FOODS, OF YOUR FRIENDS OR 4846 03:28:17,120 --> 03:28:18,800 HAVING LIKE ANOTHER CHOCOLATE 4847 03:28:18,800 --> 03:28:21,280 BAR OR PACKAGE, YOU'RE GOING TO 4848 03:28:21,280 --> 03:28:24,680 WANT TO BUY A CHOCOLATE BAR. 4849 03:28:24,680 --> 03:28:27,720 SO THINKING ABOUT, WHAT THAT IS 4850 03:28:27,720 --> 03:28:29,360 BACKGROUND, THINKING ABOUT 4851 03:28:29,360 --> 03:28:31,240 WHERE ACTIONS CAN TAKE PLACE, 4852 03:28:31,240 --> 03:28:32,680 OF COURSE WE ACROSS THE WORLD 4853 03:28:32,680 --> 03:28:34,720 TURN TO SCHOOLS WHEN WE TAUNT 4854 03:28:34,720 --> 03:28:36,120 TO TAKE ACTIONS FOR CHILDREN 4855 03:28:36,120 --> 03:28:38,040 FOR BETTER OR WORSE. 4856 03:28:38,040 --> 03:28:39,840 SO SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS, WE 4857 03:28:39,840 --> 03:28:43,560 KNOW PROVIDE FOOD BUT ALSO 4858 03:28:43,560 --> 03:28:44,000 PROMOTE ATTENDANCE. 4859 03:28:44,000 --> 03:28:46,520 ONE OF THE PRIMARY REASONS FOR 4860 03:28:46,520 --> 03:28:48,120 STARTING SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS 4861 03:28:48,120 --> 03:28:50,000 WAS TO PROMOTE ATTENDANCE. 4862 03:28:50,000 --> 03:28:53,480 THEY ALSO OFFER A VEHICLE FOR 4863 03:28:53,480 --> 03:28:59,640 FORTIFICATION SUCH A PROGRAM IN 4864 03:28:59,640 --> 03:29:02,520 UGANDA THAT PREVENTS ANEMIA. 4865 03:29:02,520 --> 03:29:06,320 BUT IF, SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS 4866 03:29:06,320 --> 03:29:07,920 ESPECIALLY ADDED SCHOOL MEAL 4867 03:29:07,920 --> 03:29:09,120 PROGRAMS ARE TARGETED AND 4868 03:29:09,120 --> 03:29:10,720 DELIVERED. 4869 03:29:10,720 --> 03:29:12,520 MANY MODIFICATIONS IN SCHOOLS 4870 03:29:12,520 --> 03:29:16,280 CAN BE TIED TO GROWING LOCALLY, 4871 03:29:16,280 --> 03:29:18,360 LOCALLY GROWING FOODS, TRYING 4872 03:29:18,360 --> 03:29:20,080 TO INCREASE DIET DIVERSITY AS 4873 03:29:20,080 --> 03:29:23,280 SHOWN IN THE PROGRAM IN BRAZIL. 4874 03:29:23,280 --> 03:29:26,920 MEXICO HAS TAKEN A LEAD IN 4875 03:29:26,920 --> 03:29:28,880 BANNING SUGAR SWEET BEVERAGES 4876 03:29:28,880 --> 03:29:30,280 IN SCHOOLS AND TRYING TO 4877 03:29:30,280 --> 03:29:31,720 INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF 4878 03:29:31,720 --> 03:29:32,920 WATER WHERE WATER IS NOT 4879 03:29:32,920 --> 03:29:34,440 AVAILABLE. 4880 03:29:34,440 --> 03:29:35,600 AND SCHOOLS CAN PROVIDE 4881 03:29:35,600 --> 03:29:36,800 SUPPLEMENTED PARTICULARLY IRON. 4882 03:29:36,800 --> 03:29:39,960 AND THERE IS AN EXAMPLE IN PERU 4883 03:29:39,960 --> 03:29:41,920 OF USING SCHOOL SETTINGS TIED 4884 03:29:41,920 --> 03:29:44,680 TO HEALTH CENTERS TO ENCOURAGE 4885 03:29:44,680 --> 03:29:50,040 VISITS TO HEALTH CENTERS TO 4886 03:29:50,040 --> 03:29:50,960 IRON AND FOLIC ACID 4887 03:29:50,960 --> 03:29:53,640 SUPPLEMENTATION CAN BE GIVEN TO 4888 03:29:53,640 --> 03:29:55,040 GIRLS AND INDIA AND GHANA HAVE 4889 03:29:55,040 --> 03:29:57,320 SIMILAR PROGRAMS. 4890 03:29:57,320 --> 03:29:58,360 SCHOOLS ALSO CAN PROVIDE 4891 03:29:58,360 --> 03:29:59,480 EDUCATION AND HAS BEEN DONE FOR 4892 03:29:59,480 --> 03:30:19,360 A LONG TIME. 4893 03:30:19,360 --> 03:30:20,320 AND THESE PROGRAMS HAVE THE 4894 03:30:20,320 --> 03:30:22,360 DOUBLE NUTRITION. 4895 03:30:22,360 --> 03:30:24,200 VIEW SCHOOLS INCLUDE EDUCATION 4896 03:30:24,200 --> 03:30:27,120 OF CARE GIVING ROLE THAT YOUNG 4897 03:30:27,120 --> 03:30:28,760 STUDENTS, ROLES IN WHICH THEY 4898 03:30:28,760 --> 03:30:29,920 INFLUENCE THE NEXT GENERATION 4899 03:30:29,920 --> 03:30:31,560 IN TERMS OF THEIR FOOD CHOICES 4900 03:30:31,560 --> 03:30:33,880 ALTHOUGH THERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF 4901 03:30:33,880 --> 03:30:35,680 THAT BEING PILOTED IN SOUTH 4902 03:30:35,680 --> 03:30:37,520 HAMPTON. 4903 03:30:37,520 --> 03:30:39,360 ANOTHER WAY IN WHICH SCHOOLS 4904 03:30:39,360 --> 03:30:42,920 CAN BE USED THROUGH EDUCATION 4905 03:30:42,920 --> 03:30:44,920 IS SCHOOL GARDENS CAN CONVEY 4906 03:30:44,920 --> 03:30:45,520 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE. 4907 03:30:45,520 --> 03:30:47,040 BUT THE IMPACT DEPENDS ON 4908 03:30:47,040 --> 03:30:50,920 EDUCATION THAT IS LINKED TO THE 4909 03:30:50,920 --> 03:31:05,080 GARDENS. 4910 03:31:05,080 --> 03:31:08,960 WHERE TAXES AND SUGAR SWEET AND 4911 03:31:08,960 --> 03:31:10,200 BEVERAGES REDUCE CONSUMPTION 4912 03:31:10,200 --> 03:31:13,120 SUCH AS MEXICO BEING LARGER ON 4913 03:31:13,120 --> 03:31:15,520 THOSE WHO HAVE LOWER DISABLE 4914 03:31:15,520 --> 03:31:17,680 INCOME AND THOSE WITH LESS 4915 03:31:17,680 --> 03:31:19,520 ESTABLISHED PATTERNS OF 4916 03:31:19,520 --> 03:31:21,520 CONSUMPTION WHICH IS THEIR BUY 4917 03:31:21,520 --> 03:31:23,360 IN OPPORTUNITY TO TARGET THESE 4918 03:31:23,360 --> 03:31:25,720 TO ADOLESCENTS? 4919 03:31:25,720 --> 03:31:29,840 FROM THE PACKAGE LABELING AND 4920 03:31:29,840 --> 03:31:31,480 ADVERTISEMENT RESTRICTIONS ARE 4921 03:31:31,480 --> 03:31:33,760 AFFECTIVE AS SHOWN IN CHILE, 4922 03:31:33,760 --> 03:31:34,760 BUT THE AGE SPECIFIC EVIDENCE 4923 03:31:34,760 --> 03:31:37,040 RELATED TO THAT. 4924 03:31:37,040 --> 03:31:39,880 AND WE KNOW THAT MANIPULATED 4925 03:31:39,880 --> 03:31:43,080 PRICES CAN SHIFT DIETS BUT THIS 4926 03:31:43,080 --> 03:31:44,720 COST AFFECTIVE TO SHOW US HOW 4927 03:31:44,720 --> 03:32:14,880 TO DO THAT PUBLIC HEALTH SCALE. 4928 03:32:14,880 --> 03:32:18,520 THEY WILL SHOW US AS THEY MAY 4929 03:32:18,520 --> 03:32:21,120 EXPECT THAT FOOD MAY SHIFT TO 4930 03:32:21,120 --> 03:32:21,800 PEOPLE TOWARDS HEALTHIER 4931 03:32:21,800 --> 03:32:24,880 DIABETES AND THERE IS BEEN RISK 4932 03:32:24,880 --> 03:32:25,920 OF OBESITY IN SETTINGS AS WE 4933 03:32:25,920 --> 03:32:30,200 TRY TO DO THAT. 4934 03:32:30,200 --> 03:32:32,120 ADOLESCENCE ARE SELDOM TARGET 4935 03:32:32,120 --> 03:32:35,120 ASKED WE DON'T IMPACT. 4936 03:32:35,120 --> 03:32:37,800 THERE IS BEEN SOME EFFORT TO 4937 03:32:37,800 --> 03:32:40,720 USE SAFETY NET PROGRAMS TO NOTE 4938 03:32:40,720 --> 03:32:42,760 VAIT SCHOOLING AND DLAIT 4939 03:32:42,760 --> 03:32:45,560 PREGNANCY AND EXAMPLE IS 4940 03:32:45,560 --> 03:32:50,520 BANGLADESH BEING THE STIPEND 4941 03:32:50,520 --> 03:32:51,920 PROGRAM WHICH IS CONDITIONAL 4942 03:32:51,920 --> 03:32:56,080 TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN ASIA THAT 4943 03:32:56,080 --> 03:32:57,000 EXPLICITLY TARGET TODAY 4944 03:32:57,000 --> 03:32:58,960 ADOLESCENCE GIRLS. 4945 03:32:58,960 --> 03:32:59,920 IT INCREASED SCHOOLING AND 4946 03:32:59,920 --> 03:33:01,080 DELAYED MARRIAGE BY LESS THAN 4947 03:33:01,080 --> 03:33:03,160 HALF OF THAT AND ALSO INCREASE 4948 03:33:03,160 --> 03:33:04,840 THE AGE OF FIRST BIRTH BY A 4949 03:33:04,840 --> 03:33:07,520 LITTLE BIT LESS THAN HALF A 4950 03:33:07,520 --> 03:33:22,120 YEAR. 4951 03:33:22,120 --> 03:33:24,480 AND EXPOSED TO SOCIAL MEDIA 4952 03:33:24,480 --> 03:33:26,320 THEIR SOCIAL INTERSECTIONS CAN 4953 03:33:26,320 --> 03:33:31,440 INFLUENCE THEIR BODY IMAGE AND 4954 03:33:31,440 --> 03:33:57,160 PSYCHOLOGICAL. 4955 03:33:57,160 --> 03:33:59,360 POWER OF ADOLESCENCE FOR 4956 03:33:59,360 --> 03:34:02,880 EXAMPLE A PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH 4957 03:34:02,880 --> 03:34:05,000 THAT USES SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN 4958 03:34:05,000 --> 03:34:07,120 THAT IS SUPPORTED OVER 5 4959 03:34:07,120 --> 03:34:09,480 MILLION PEOPLE AND PROMOTES 4960 03:34:09,480 --> 03:34:10,920 INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4961 03:34:10,920 --> 03:34:12,560 WHERE IN, SUPPORTER TAKE A 4962 03:34:12,560 --> 03:34:13,920 PLEDGE TO BUY AND EAT MORE 4963 03:34:13,920 --> 03:34:16,320 HEALTHY FOOD AND THERE IS A 4964 03:34:16,320 --> 03:34:18,440 SYSTEM GOAL TO CHANGE HOW FOOD 4965 03:34:18,440 --> 03:34:20,760 IS PRODUCED AND MANUFACTURED 4966 03:34:20,760 --> 03:34:21,880 AND SOLD. 4967 03:34:21,880 --> 03:34:25,080 WE'RE AT A TIME WHEN WE CANNOT 4968 03:34:25,080 --> 03:34:26,680 BE THINKING ABOUT PERSONAL 4969 03:34:26,680 --> 03:34:28,160 HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN 4970 03:34:28,160 --> 03:34:30,200 THE LAST TWO YEARS HAS REALLY 4971 03:34:30,200 --> 03:34:31,600 TAKEN HOLD OF PEOPLE'S 4972 03:34:31,600 --> 03:34:32,840 ATTENTION WHO HAVE NOT BEEN 4973 03:34:32,840 --> 03:34:34,160 PAYING ATTENTION. 4974 03:34:34,160 --> 03:34:39,160 SO WE HAVE TO THINK OF PLANNING 4975 03:34:39,160 --> 03:34:41,080 A HEALTH, AND THE ADOLESCENT 4976 03:34:41,080 --> 03:34:42,960 THAT WE HEARD ABOUT THIS 4977 03:34:42,960 --> 03:34:43,720 MORNING, SPILLS INTO THE SOCIAL 4978 03:34:43,720 --> 03:34:45,120 FIELDS. 4979 03:34:45,120 --> 03:34:48,960 WE KNOW THAT MOST PEOPLE THAT 4980 03:34:48,960 --> 03:34:53,920 ADOPT VEGAN DIETS DO SO IN LATE 4981 03:34:53,920 --> 03:34:55,560 18th AND EARLY 20s, THEIR 4982 03:34:55,560 --> 03:34:58,480 INTEREST IN VEGAN AND 4983 03:34:58,480 --> 03:34:59,880 VEGETARIAN AND LOCAL DIABETES 4984 03:34:59,880 --> 03:35:02,920 ALIGNS WITH RECOMMENDATION TO 4985 03:35:02,920 --> 03:35:04,240 ENCOURAGE HEALTHY CHOICES 4986 03:35:04,240 --> 03:35:07,480 THAT ALSO REDUCE STRESS IN THE 4987 03:35:07,480 --> 03:35:08,760 FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND THE FOOD 4988 03:35:08,760 --> 03:35:10,080 SYSTEM IN THE ENVIRONMENT. 4989 03:35:10,080 --> 03:35:12,880 AND THEY ARE A PAIR THAT THEY 4990 03:35:12,880 --> 03:35:14,400 HAVE SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS THAN 4991 03:35:14,400 --> 03:35:16,440 OLDER GENERATIONS HAVE BEFORE. 4992 03:35:16,440 --> 03:35:18,480 BECAUSE OF SO MUCH INFORMATION 4993 03:35:18,480 --> 03:35:21,960 BEING AVAILABLE TO THEM. 4994 03:35:21,960 --> 03:35:23,560 SO ADOLESCENT, CAN OCCUR IN 4995 03:35:23,560 --> 03:35:26,080 PARTNERSHIP ABOUT THEM AND BE 4996 03:35:26,080 --> 03:35:28,480 FRAMED WITHIN A BROWDER 4997 03:35:28,480 --> 03:35:31,120 COMMERCIAL AND EDGE LOGICAL 4998 03:35:31,120 --> 03:35:31,360 CONTEXT. 4999 03:35:31,360 --> 03:35:35,720 SO SOME THINGS THAT WE MAY 5000 03:35:35,720 --> 03:35:46,040 THINK ABOUT IN THE LANCE T 5001 03:35:46,040 --> 03:35:49,240 ADOLESCENT PAPER, THAT WE HAVE 5002 03:35:49,240 --> 03:35:50,240 GLOBALLY PRIORITIZED THE FIRST 5003 03:35:50,240 --> 03:35:53,080 1,000 DAYS AND THERE IS 5004 03:35:53,080 --> 03:35:53,480 BENEFITS OF THAT. 5005 03:35:53,480 --> 03:35:55,720 WE HAVE TO MAKE THE NEXT 7,000 5006 03:35:55,720 --> 03:35:58,920 DAYS IMPORTANT. 5007 03:35:58,920 --> 03:35:59,840 INCREASING EDUCATION GLOBALLY 5008 03:35:59,840 --> 03:36:00,920 MEANS PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES 5009 03:36:00,920 --> 03:36:03,480 FOR SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMS AND 5010 03:36:03,480 --> 03:36:06,680 PRACTICAL EDUCATION, REGARDING 5011 03:36:06,680 --> 03:36:07,640 DIABETES FOR ADOLESCENTS AND 5012 03:36:07,640 --> 03:36:08,960 CARE FOR THEIR FUTURE CHILDREN. 5013 03:36:08,960 --> 03:36:12,280 THOSE HAVE BEEN DONE AS THE 5014 03:36:12,280 --> 03:36:14,720 ETHIOPIA PROGRAM SHOWS US IN 5015 03:36:14,720 --> 03:36:18,000 PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER 5016 03:36:18,000 --> 03:36:19,720 PLATFORMS BUT THEY HAVE TO BE 5017 03:36:19,720 --> 03:36:21,760 NOTE VAITED AND WE CAN USE 5018 03:36:21,760 --> 03:36:23,400 SOCIAL MEDIA TO TRY TO 5019 03:36:23,400 --> 03:36:25,000 COMPLIMENT THAT. 5020 03:36:25,000 --> 03:36:28,120 GOVERNMENTS CAN USE REGULATORY 5021 03:36:28,120 --> 03:36:31,400 AND FISCAL TOOLS, TO INCREASE 5022 03:36:31,400 --> 03:36:32,640 AVAILABILITY AND AFFORDABILITY 5023 03:36:32,640 --> 03:36:36,200 OF HEALTHY FOODS AND RESTRICT 5024 03:36:36,200 --> 03:36:37,800 MARKING OF UNHEALTHY FOODS. 5025 03:36:37,800 --> 03:36:41,680 AND THE LAST POINT IS ABOUT THE 5026 03:36:41,680 --> 03:36:43,320 COMMITMENT OF ADOLESCENT THAT 5027 03:36:43,320 --> 03:36:47,000 EXERCISE CONSUMERS AND SHARE 5028 03:36:47,000 --> 03:36:51,080 SHOULDERS TO HOLD FOOD 5029 03:36:51,080 --> 03:36:52,040 DISTRIBUTED, DISTRIBUTORS 5030 03:36:52,040 --> 03:36:54,200 ACCOUNTABLE FOR FOOD AND 5031 03:36:54,200 --> 03:36:54,440 MARKING. 5032 03:36:54,440 --> 03:36:56,320 AND THIS IS ABOUT ADOLESCENT 5033 03:36:56,320 --> 03:36:57,680 NOT JUST BEING A GROUP THAT WE 5034 03:36:57,680 --> 03:37:01,120 NEED TO ACT ON BUT TO RECOGNIZE 5035 03:37:01,120 --> 03:37:03,120 THAT THEY THEMSELVES ARE 5036 03:37:03,120 --> 03:37:05,400 CAPABLE OF TAKING ACTION TO 5037 03:37:05,400 --> 03:37:15,920 THEMSELVES AND HELP OTHERS. 5038 03:37:15,920 --> 03:37:17,000 >> ED, DOES THAT CONCLUDE 5039 03:37:17,000 --> 03:37:17,320 PRESENTATION? 5040 03:37:17,320 --> 03:37:19,520 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5041 03:37:19,520 --> 03:37:20,760 WHAT A RICH PRESENTATION AND 5042 03:37:20,760 --> 03:37:24,760 I'M SURE IT'S GOING TO SET UP 5043 03:37:24,760 --> 03:37:26,800 WORKING GROUPS TWO AND THREE. 5044 03:37:26,800 --> 03:37:30,000 SO OUR LAST SPEAKER OF THE DAY 5045 03:37:30,000 --> 03:37:31,000 IS JULIE FROM MONEL WHO IS 5046 03:37:31,000 --> 03:37:33,880 GOING TO TALK TO US ABOUT 5047 03:37:33,880 --> 03:37:34,680 FLAVOR WORLD OF CHILDREN AND 5048 03:37:34,680 --> 03:37:35,240 HEALTH. 5049 03:37:35,240 --> 03:37:35,960 JULIE. 5050 03:37:35,960 --> 03:37:38,640 >> HI. 5051 03:37:38,640 --> 03:37:39,960 WELL THANK YOU FOR THE 5052 03:37:39,960 --> 03:37:41,600 INVITATION I WOULD LIKE TO 5053 03:37:41,600 --> 03:37:42,800 SHARE SOME INFORMATION ON 5054 03:37:42,800 --> 03:37:44,720 CENSUS THAT WE'RE ALL EXPERT IN 5055 03:37:44,720 --> 03:37:48,240 BUT TRY TO PROVIDE SOME INSIDES 5056 03:37:48,240 --> 03:37:50,800 INTO THE BIOLOGY OF THESE 5057 03:37:50,800 --> 03:37:52,120 SENSES WHICH ARE OFTEN VIEWED 5058 03:37:52,120 --> 03:37:53,400 AS A CULTURE TRADE. 5059 03:37:53,400 --> 03:37:57,400 I HAVE NO DISCLOSURES. 5060 03:37:57,400 --> 03:38:04,800 I HAVE ONE ILLNESSES THAT OUR 5061 03:38:04,800 --> 03:38:07,080 SOCIETY IS DRIVING IN LARGE 5062 03:38:07,080 --> 03:38:08,760 PART BY THE TYPES OF FOODS THAT 5063 03:38:08,760 --> 03:38:11,040 WE CHOOSE AND THE TYPES OF 5064 03:38:11,040 --> 03:38:15,160 FOODS THAT WE DON'T WANT 5065 03:38:15,160 --> 03:38:17,720 ADOLESCENTS TO CHOOSE, WE'RE 5066 03:38:17,720 --> 03:38:19,440 EAT TOO MUCH SALT, SUGAR AND 5067 03:38:19,440 --> 03:38:19,600 FAT. 5068 03:38:19,600 --> 03:38:22,760 SO WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO ARGUE 5069 03:38:22,760 --> 03:38:25,040 THAT OUR TASTE BIOLOGY IN THE 5070 03:38:25,040 --> 03:38:33,440 CONTEXT IS GOING TO PROVIDE 5071 03:38:33,440 --> 03:38:36,480 IDEAS INTO ECOLOG OF CHILDREN. 5072 03:38:36,480 --> 03:38:38,200 I PUT TASTE INTO FOCUS BECAUSE 5073 03:38:38,200 --> 03:38:40,280 IT'S NOT JUST TASTE. 5074 03:38:40,280 --> 03:38:42,080 BUT THEY'RE ESSENTIAL TO 5075 03:38:42,080 --> 03:38:43,480 IDENTIFYING SEEKING OUT OR 5076 03:38:43,480 --> 03:38:47,200 REJECTING THAT WHICH IS OF 5077 03:38:47,200 --> 03:38:48,080 BASIC BIOLOGICAL COMMODITY AND 5078 03:38:48,080 --> 03:38:50,840 THAT IS FOODS. 5079 03:38:50,840 --> 03:38:52,160 THEIR VISUAL AND GATE KEEPERS, 5080 03:38:52,160 --> 03:38:55,480 THEY'RE A SOURCE OF PLEASURE 5081 03:38:55,480 --> 03:38:56,880 AND PAIN. 5082 03:38:56,880 --> 03:38:58,520 THEY'RE PART OF IDENTIFICATION, 5083 03:38:58,520 --> 03:39:00,120 MORE IMPORTANTLY THEY'RE 5084 03:39:00,120 --> 03:39:02,000 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT AND FOR 5085 03:39:02,000 --> 03:39:05,440 ALL OF US THEY'RE POTENT 5086 03:39:05,440 --> 03:39:05,720 REINFORCERS. 5087 03:39:05,720 --> 03:39:07,840 THE VALUE FOR EXAMPLE SUGARS 5088 03:39:07,840 --> 03:39:08,880 CAN BE TRANSFERRED JUST BY 5089 03:39:08,880 --> 03:39:23,720 ASSOCIATED LEARNING. 5090 03:39:23,720 --> 03:39:26,520 ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO LOOK AT 5091 03:39:26,520 --> 03:39:28,320 THIS, IT'S A SURVEY THAT HAS 5092 03:39:28,320 --> 03:39:30,640 BEEN DONE TO TRY TO WHAT 5093 03:39:30,640 --> 03:39:32,480 MATTERS ON, WHAT ARE THE TYPES 5094 03:39:32,480 --> 03:39:35,400 OF FOOD THAT WE EAT WHETHER 5095 03:39:35,400 --> 03:39:36,880 IT'S MARKETING OR PRICE. 5096 03:39:36,880 --> 03:39:39,200 AND YEAR AFTER YEAR, PURCHASING 5097 03:39:39,200 --> 03:39:40,840 DECISIONS ARE MADE BASED ON 5098 03:39:40,840 --> 03:39:43,960 WHAT THE FOOD TASTE LIKE. 5099 03:39:43,960 --> 03:39:46,720 SOME PEOPLE CAN ESTIMATE WHAT 5100 03:39:46,720 --> 03:39:48,320 THE ROLE AND WHY PEOPLE ARE 5101 03:39:48,320 --> 03:39:50,080 EATING WHAT THEY'RE DOING. 5102 03:39:50,080 --> 03:39:53,000 SO I PUT THE WORD TASTE INTO 5103 03:39:53,000 --> 03:39:55,600 QUOTATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC 5104 03:39:55,600 --> 03:39:57,680 MEANING OF TASTE, WHICH WE 5105 03:39:57,680 --> 03:39:59,880 DON'T USE, REFERS TO THE 5106 03:39:59,880 --> 03:40:02,840 REMEDIATED IN THE SIZE IN THE 5107 03:40:02,840 --> 03:40:05,400 ORAL CAVITY. 5108 03:40:05,400 --> 03:40:08,280 BUT THE COLOCATIAL WORD OF THE 5109 03:40:08,280 --> 03:40:10,520 TASTE, WE ARE REFERRING TO KEY 5110 03:40:10,520 --> 03:40:13,520 SENSES, IT'S NOT JUST TASTE BUT 5111 03:40:13,520 --> 03:40:18,280 IT'S RETRO NASAL SMELLS AND 5112 03:40:18,280 --> 03:40:19,920 ALSO IRRITANTS OR SENSORY 5113 03:40:19,920 --> 03:40:24,000 INFORMATION, THE COOLNESS OF 5114 03:40:24,000 --> 03:40:26,840 MINT AND SPICINESS OF CHILI 5115 03:40:26,840 --> 03:40:27,080 PEPPERS. 5116 03:40:27,080 --> 03:40:29,560 IN ALL OF THESE CENSUS, THE 5117 03:40:29,560 --> 03:40:30,680 BIOLOGY ARE PLAYING A ROLE INTO 5118 03:40:30,680 --> 03:40:32,840 WHAT WE EAT AND WHAT WE DON'T 5119 03:40:32,840 --> 03:40:33,000 EAT. 5120 03:40:33,000 --> 03:40:34,320 AND THE CHILD IS IS NOT A 5121 03:40:34,320 --> 03:40:36,520 MINIATURE ADULT. 5122 03:40:36,520 --> 03:40:42,720 BUT JUST TO SHOW YOU, WHY WE 5123 03:40:42,720 --> 03:40:47,720 SMELL, WE TYPICALLY THINK OF 5124 03:40:47,720 --> 03:40:49,600 ODORS ENTERING THE NASAL CAVITY. 5125 03:40:49,600 --> 03:40:51,000 BUT THEY ALSO REACH THESE FOODS 5126 03:40:51,000 --> 03:40:54,320 WHEN FOODS ARE IN THE MOUTH AND 5127 03:40:54,320 --> 03:40:55,760 THEY TRANSFER TO THE FACTORY 5128 03:40:55,760 --> 03:40:57,080 RECEPTORS. 5129 03:40:57,080 --> 03:41:00,320 IT'S THE SENSE OF SMELL THAT IS 5130 03:41:00,320 --> 03:41:02,760 KBTING THE MOST HOW YOU CAN 5131 03:41:02,760 --> 03:41:04,920 TELL A STRAWBERRY TO A CHERRY 5132 03:41:04,920 --> 03:41:11,160 IT'S THE VIRALS AND THE 5133 03:41:11,160 --> 03:41:11,680 IDENTIFICATION OF FOODS. 5134 03:41:11,680 --> 03:41:13,600 SO IN THE BIOLOGY OF THESE 5135 03:41:13,600 --> 03:41:14,880 SENSES, ESPECIALLY TASTE. 5136 03:41:14,880 --> 03:41:19,720 YOU HAVE TO THINK THAT THESE 5137 03:41:19,720 --> 03:41:21,440 ARE REALLY EVOLUTIONAL 5138 03:41:21,440 --> 03:41:23,720 ADAPTIONS THAT WERE PROBABLY 5139 03:41:23,720 --> 03:41:26,000 BASED ON SKARSITY AND 5140 03:41:26,000 --> 03:41:26,320 UNCERTAINTY. 5141 03:41:26,320 --> 03:41:28,960 SO THIS ELEGANT OF BIOLOGY OF 5142 03:41:28,960 --> 03:41:30,560 TASTE IN RESPONSE TO THESE 5143 03:41:30,560 --> 03:45:28,960 SENSES, WE HAVE SWEETNESS WHICH 5144 03:45:28,960 --> 03:45:31,600 THIS CHIPS DOWNWARD DURING 5145 03:45:31,600 --> 03:45:32,480 ADOLESCENCE. 5146 03:45:32,480 --> 03:45:35,560 YOU ALSO AND THIS IS JUST AN 5147 03:45:35,560 --> 03:45:38,960 EXAMPLE HOW THEY DIFFER. 5148 03:45:38,960 --> 03:45:41,080 I DON'T KNOW IF, IF ANIMATION 5149 03:45:41,080 --> 03:45:46,280 WORKS. 5150 03:45:46,280 --> 03:46:10,800 THIS IS AN 8-OUNCE. 5151 03:46:10,800 --> 03:46:12,640 UNTIL THE SENSITIVITY IN THE 5152 03:46:12,640 --> 03:46:13,800 SYSTEM, WHAT IS THE LOWEST THAT 5153 03:46:13,800 --> 03:46:15,520 THEY CAN DETECT. 5154 03:46:15,520 --> 03:46:20,160 BUT WHEN YOU MEASURE THE PHENO 5155 03:46:20,160 --> 03:46:21,800 TYPE, ALTHOUGH THEY'RE THEY 5156 03:46:21,800 --> 03:46:23,400 HAVE RELATED CHANGES THEY'RE 5157 03:46:23,400 --> 03:46:24,360 NOT RELATED TO EACH. 5158 03:46:24,360 --> 03:46:25,320 MEASURING THE SYSTEM IS NOT 5159 03:46:25,320 --> 03:46:26,920 GOING TO TELL YOU HOW MUCH THEY 5160 03:46:26,920 --> 03:46:31,800 LIKE SOMETHING. 5161 03:46:31,800 --> 03:46:34,120 IT'S THE SWEETNESS MATTERS, YOU 5162 03:46:34,120 --> 03:46:36,480 CAN LOOK AT THE SWEETNESS OF 5163 03:46:36,480 --> 03:46:38,880 OTHER TYPES OF SUGARS BUT ALSO 5164 03:46:38,880 --> 03:46:40,200 LOW CALORIE SWEETERS AND YOU 5165 03:46:40,200 --> 03:46:44,160 CAN SEE WHEN COMPARED TO 5166 03:46:44,160 --> 03:46:45,040 ADULTS, CHILDREN ARE PREFERRING 5167 03:46:45,040 --> 03:46:47,440 HIGHER LEVEL OF SWEETNESS. 5168 03:46:47,440 --> 03:46:49,400 THEY CAN DETECT DIFFERENCES IN 5169 03:46:49,400 --> 03:46:50,960 FOODS AND BLUE BERRIES FOR 5170 03:46:50,960 --> 03:46:52,880 EXAMPLE AND THE LEVEL THAT IS 5171 03:46:52,880 --> 03:46:54,720 MOST PREFERRED IS RELATED TO 5172 03:46:54,720 --> 03:46:56,480 THE LEVEL OF SWEETNESS THAT 5173 03:46:56,480 --> 03:47:00,760 THEY LIKE IN FOODS. 5174 03:47:00,760 --> 03:47:03,120 CHILDREN ARE CONSUMING GREATER 5175 03:47:03,120 --> 03:47:03,440 PERCENTAGE. 5176 03:47:03,440 --> 03:47:04,080 LOOK AT THE FOOD THAT ARE 5177 03:47:04,080 --> 03:47:06,840 GEARED AND YOU SEE HOW MUCH 5178 03:47:06,840 --> 03:47:08,960 HIGHER THEY ARE IN BOTH SUGARS 5179 03:47:08,960 --> 03:47:18,080 AND SALTS. 5180 03:47:18,080 --> 03:47:20,640 ONE OF THE STUDIES THAT WUZ 5181 03:47:20,640 --> 03:47:47,440 DONE, AND LOOK AT URINARY LEVEL. 5182 03:47:47,440 --> 03:47:48,320 CONSUMED CALORIES IN THIS 5183 03:47:48,320 --> 03:47:51,080 NEEDED MURAL BUT NOW WE LIVE IN 5184 03:47:51,080 --> 03:47:52,800 AN ENVIRONMENT, SOME OF US LIVE 5185 03:47:52,800 --> 03:47:58,000 IN A ENVIRONMENT WHERE THESE 5186 03:47:58,000 --> 03:47:59,720 ARE PLENTIFUL AND EXPENSIVE AND 5187 03:47:59,720 --> 03:48:03,760 ACCESSIBLE. 5188 03:48:03,760 --> 03:48:04,880 STIMULATING SOMETHING SWEETS 5189 03:48:04,880 --> 03:48:06,680 STIMULATES SOMETHING IN THE 5190 03:48:06,680 --> 03:48:10,360 BRAIN SALT DOES TO SOME EXTENT. 5191 03:48:10,360 --> 03:48:12,400 AND THESE ARE ALL REWARDS BRAIN 5192 03:48:12,400 --> 03:48:14,800 PATHWAYS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN 5193 03:48:14,800 --> 03:48:17,640 LEARNING. 5194 03:48:17,640 --> 03:48:19,600 SO WHAT IS THE SHIFT AND WHAT 5195 03:48:19,600 --> 03:48:21,880 IS HAPPENING? 5196 03:48:21,880 --> 03:48:24,840 THERE IS BEEN ONE ANIMAL STUDY 5197 03:48:24,840 --> 03:48:31,160 THAT SHOWS THE SAME PREFERENCE 5198 03:48:31,160 --> 03:48:31,680 FOR ADOLESCENT RODENTS. 5199 03:48:31,680 --> 03:48:33,760 ONE OF THE MOST DELICATE STUDY 5200 03:48:33,760 --> 03:48:37,240 WAS JENINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 5201 03:48:37,240 --> 03:48:40,600 ILLINOIS WERE ACTUALLY LOOK AT 5202 03:48:40,600 --> 03:48:41,760 THIS PHENO TYPE THE MOST 5203 03:48:41,760 --> 03:48:42,960 PREFERRED LEVEL OF SWEETNESS 5204 03:48:42,960 --> 03:48:44,800 AND YOU'LL SEE THAT IT'S 5205 03:48:44,800 --> 03:48:47,200 RELATED TO THE AGE RELATED 5206 03:48:47,200 --> 03:48:52,800 CHANGES AND, A NEED OF DOPAMINE. 5207 03:48:52,800 --> 03:48:54,160 THERE ARE CHANGES AT DIFFERENT 5208 03:48:54,160 --> 03:48:55,320 LEVELS, AND ONE OF THE THINGS 5209 03:48:55,320 --> 03:48:58,080 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE BINDING 5210 03:48:58,080 --> 03:49:01,360 EXPLAINING 52 PERCENT OF THE 5211 03:49:01,360 --> 03:49:01,880 VARIANCE OF LEVEL MOST 5212 03:49:01,880 --> 03:49:04,160 PREFERRED. 5213 03:49:04,160 --> 03:49:08,200 NOW JUST TO BRIEFLY, ALL 5214 03:49:08,200 --> 03:49:09,560 DIFFERENCES INDIFFERENCES WORLD 5215 03:49:09,560 --> 03:49:12,320 FOR ONE PHASE AND THAT IS 5216 03:49:12,320 --> 03:49:14,840 BITTER, ALSO SEEMS TO BE AGE 5217 03:49:14,840 --> 03:49:15,160 RELATED SHIFT. 5218 03:49:15,160 --> 03:49:19,520 THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE 5219 03:49:19,520 --> 03:49:22,920 MOST STUDY PHENATYPE AND THAT 5220 03:49:22,920 --> 03:49:25,720 IS TO PERCEIVE THE BITTERNESS 5221 03:49:25,720 --> 03:49:27,640 OF PTU AND SOME BITTERNESS 5222 03:49:27,640 --> 03:49:29,280 FOUND IN VEGETABLES. 5223 03:49:29,280 --> 03:49:32,120 AND WHAT WE'VE SHOWN BY 5224 03:49:32,120 --> 03:49:33,360 STUDYING MANY MANY INDIVIDUALS 5225 03:49:33,360 --> 03:49:38,880 IS CHILDREN THAT ARE HEADED FOR 5226 03:49:38,880 --> 03:49:41,320 THIS BITTERLY OR DOMINANT WHAT 5227 03:49:41,320 --> 03:49:44,200 YOU'LL FIND IS THAT THEIR MORE 5228 03:49:44,200 --> 03:49:46,080 SENSITIVE TO THE BITTER TASTE 5229 03:49:46,080 --> 03:49:47,880 TO THIS THAN ADULTS. 5230 03:49:47,880 --> 03:49:49,280 SO SOMETHING IS HAPPENING WHERE 5231 03:49:49,280 --> 03:49:51,080 CHILDREN APPEAR TO BE MORE 5232 03:49:51,080 --> 03:49:52,160 SENSITIVE AND THEN, THEY SHIFT 5233 03:49:52,160 --> 03:49:54,400 DOWNWARD. 5234 03:49:54,400 --> 03:49:55,920 AND WHETHER THIS RELATES TO 5235 03:49:55,920 --> 03:50:05,440 OTHER GENES, HOW THIS 5236 03:50:05,440 --> 03:50:06,080 IMPLICATES THIS RELATIONSHIP IS 5237 03:50:06,080 --> 03:50:07,520 NOT KNOWN. 5238 03:50:07,520 --> 03:50:09,360 AND THIS SWEETER WHERE YOU'LL 5239 03:50:09,360 --> 03:50:12,960 SEE THAT CHILDREN THAT HAVE A 5240 03:50:12,960 --> 03:50:16,400 BITTERLY, NOT LIKE THE TASTE OF 5241 03:50:16,400 --> 03:50:18,040 THIS NON NEUTRAL SWEETER 5242 03:50:18,040 --> 03:50:20,720 THEY'RE BECAUSE THEY'RE TASTING 5243 03:50:20,720 --> 03:50:23,360 THE BITTERNESS AND THE 5244 03:50:23,360 --> 03:50:24,040 AFTERTASTE OF IT. 5245 03:50:24,040 --> 03:50:26,320 JUST HIGHLIGHTING HOW WE'RE ALL 5246 03:50:26,320 --> 03:50:27,040 LIVING IN DIFFERENT SENSORY 5247 03:50:27,040 --> 03:50:30,720 WORLD. 5248 03:50:30,720 --> 03:50:32,840 AND CLEARLY, THE ROLE OF 5249 03:50:32,840 --> 03:50:34,960 EXPERIENCE IS PLAYING A BIT 5250 03:50:34,960 --> 03:50:35,720 ROLE DURING CHILDHOOD, YOU 5251 03:50:35,720 --> 03:50:39,640 LEARN HOW TO EAT AND WHO EATS 5252 03:50:39,640 --> 03:50:40,880 WHAT, WHAT THE FOOD SHOULD 5253 03:50:40,880 --> 03:50:42,240 TASTE LIKE. 5254 03:50:42,240 --> 03:50:44,280 AND IT'S PLAYING A BIG ROLE 5255 03:50:44,280 --> 03:50:46,080 DEVELOPING WHO WE ARE ONE OF 5256 03:50:46,080 --> 03:50:47,320 THE MOST REASONS WHY IT'S 5257 03:50:47,320 --> 03:50:48,200 DIFFICULT TO CHANGE WHEN YOU'RE 5258 03:50:48,200 --> 03:50:49,880 AN ADULT. 5259 03:50:49,880 --> 03:50:54,160 BUT THIS IS ANOTHER CLASSIC 5260 03:50:54,160 --> 03:50:57,160 STUDY DONE BY HOWARD, LOOKING 5261 03:50:57,160 --> 03:50:59,720 AT LABORS AND INDIAN, LOOKING 5262 03:50:59,720 --> 03:51:03,400 AT SENSITIVITY BUT ALSO 5263 03:51:03,400 --> 03:51:08,240 PREFERENCES FOR SORE SOUR AND 5264 03:51:08,240 --> 03:51:10,520 BITTER AND MEDICAL STUDENTS. 5265 03:51:10,520 --> 03:51:11,920 WHAT IS FASCINATING WHEN YOU 5266 03:51:11,920 --> 03:51:13,840 LOOK AT THE DIET OF THE 5267 03:51:13,840 --> 03:51:15,960 LABORERS, THEY CONTAIN MUCH 5268 03:51:15,960 --> 03:51:19,760 MORE OF THE SOUR, AT THE TIME 5269 03:51:19,760 --> 03:51:22,840 WAS NO DIFFERENT THAN THE GROUP 5270 03:51:22,840 --> 03:51:24,920 IN RUSSIA, WHAT IT SWIFT WAS, 5271 03:51:24,920 --> 03:51:25,680 WHETHER YOU LIKED THE TASTE OR 5272 03:51:25,680 --> 03:51:28,560 NOT. 5273 03:51:28,560 --> 03:51:30,480 IT THROUGH EXPERIENCE, WE 5274 03:51:30,480 --> 03:51:32,720 LEARNED WHAT FOOD TASTE LIKE 5275 03:51:32,720 --> 03:51:34,440 AND WE LEARNED, WE LEARNED TO 5276 03:51:34,440 --> 03:51:35,520 LIKE WHAT WE EAT IS THE THE 5277 03:51:35,520 --> 03:51:37,120 BOTTOM LINE. 5278 03:51:37,120 --> 03:51:38,840 SO IN CONCLUSION, WE'RE ALL 5279 03:51:38,840 --> 03:51:40,920 EXPERIENCING THE WORLD THROUGH 5280 03:51:40,920 --> 03:51:42,280 A SENSORY KEYHOLE AND THAT 5281 03:51:42,280 --> 03:51:46,080 KEYHOLE IS A PRODUCT OF OUR 5282 03:51:46,080 --> 03:51:47,600 BIOLOGY, THE CHANGES WITH AGE 5283 03:51:47,600 --> 03:51:51,120 AND GENETIC. 5284 03:51:51,120 --> 03:51:52,360 AND CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 5285 03:51:52,360 --> 03:52:01,200 ARE MANY MANY DIFFERENT, A LOT 5286 03:52:01,200 --> 03:52:02,440 REALLY, CONSEQUENCE OF THE 5287 03:52:02,440 --> 03:52:03,320 ANTAGONY OF THESE SENSE THAT'S 5288 03:52:03,320 --> 03:52:05,320 I DON'T THINK WE APPRECIATE IT 5289 03:52:05,320 --> 03:52:07,320 AS MUCH UNTIL RECENTLY. 5290 03:52:07,320 --> 03:52:10,320 WHAT TO MEASURE AND HOW TO 5291 03:52:10,320 --> 03:52:11,800 MEASURE, OBVIOUSLY THE 5292 03:52:11,800 --> 03:52:15,040 HYPOTHESES IS GOING TO DICTATE 5293 03:52:15,040 --> 03:52:17,720 THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF 5294 03:52:17,720 --> 03:52:20,280 THESE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL SENSES. 5295 03:52:20,280 --> 03:52:22,880 THERE ARE MANY DIMENSIONS OF 5296 03:52:22,880 --> 03:52:25,440 FLAVOR, YOU CAN LOOK AT HOW 5297 03:52:25,440 --> 03:52:27,360 MUCH YOU LIKE OF SOMETHING, TO 5298 03:52:27,360 --> 03:52:30,920 PROVIDE INFORMATION TO ANOTHER. 5299 03:52:30,920 --> 03:52:38,920 AND ALTHOUGH WE USE THESE TERMS 5300 03:52:38,920 --> 03:52:43,880 INTERCHANGEABLE THEY'RE 5301 03:52:43,880 --> 03:52:45,880 DISTINCTION PHENO TYPE AND 5302 03:52:45,880 --> 03:52:46,600 SHEDDING LIGHT ON WHAT 5303 03:52:46,600 --> 03:52:49,880 INDIVIDUALS ARE EATING. 5304 03:52:49,880 --> 03:52:51,520 PEOPLE ARE BETTER ABLE TO 5305 03:52:51,520 --> 03:52:53,160 REMEMBER WHAT FOODS AND LABEL 5306 03:52:53,160 --> 03:52:55,680 THEY LIKE RATHER THAN WHAT THEY 5307 03:52:55,680 --> 03:53:00,200 EAT. 5308 03:53:00,200 --> 03:53:02,600 AND MILL REDUFFY HAVE LOOKED AT 5309 03:53:02,600 --> 03:53:05,200 RATING FOR LIKING THE FOOD AS 5310 03:53:05,200 --> 03:53:06,640 TO TRY TO MEASURE WHAT THE 5311 03:53:06,640 --> 03:53:07,520 INTAKE IS. 5312 03:53:07,520 --> 03:53:08,760 AND IT HOLDS A LOT OF PROMISE 5313 03:53:08,760 --> 03:53:13,640 AS WELL. 5314 03:53:13,640 --> 03:53:16,320 THE CHILDREN'S BIOLOGY MAKES 5315 03:53:16,320 --> 03:53:18,680 THEM VULNERABLE TO THE LOW AND 5316 03:53:18,680 --> 03:53:20,280 SUGARS AND SWEETERS AND SALT. 5317 03:53:20,280 --> 03:53:23,600 WHAT I WOULD SAY IS THAT THESE, 5318 03:53:23,600 --> 03:53:25,800 TASTE, THESE BASIC TASTE, IF 5319 03:53:25,800 --> 03:53:27,200 YOU WILL, THEY DO MANY THINGS 5320 03:53:27,200 --> 03:53:29,040 IN A FOOD. 5321 03:53:29,040 --> 03:53:30,760 IT'S NOT JUST THAT THEY PROVIDE 5322 03:53:30,760 --> 03:53:34,560 THE TASTE THAT MAY BE LIKED BIT 5323 03:53:34,560 --> 03:53:35,080 CHILD AND THE TEENAGER 5324 03:53:35,080 --> 03:53:36,680 ESPECIALLY. 5325 03:53:36,680 --> 03:53:38,520 BUT THEY'RE ALSO HAVING A LOT 5326 03:53:38,520 --> 03:53:40,640 OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES IN THE 5327 03:53:40,640 --> 03:53:42,760 FOOD, SALT CAN BE A 5328 03:53:42,760 --> 03:53:44,080 PRESERVATIVE. 5329 03:53:44,080 --> 03:53:47,160 THEY CAN ADD TEXTURE TO A FOOD, 5330 03:53:47,160 --> 03:53:49,320 SO THERE IS MANY OTHER REASONS 5331 03:53:49,320 --> 03:54:03,160 FOR THE VARIATIONS IN THESE 5332 03:54:03,160 --> 03:54:06,680 CHEMICALS SENSESES HUES. 5333 03:54:06,680 --> 03:54:09,320 SO WE'RE OFTEN FOOD TRAIT NOT 5334 03:54:09,320 --> 03:54:11,040 RELATE TODAY OUR BIOLOGY. 5335 03:54:11,040 --> 03:54:13,520 >> JULIE, CAN I ASK YOU TO WIND 5336 03:54:13,520 --> 03:54:13,720 IT UP. 5337 03:54:13,720 --> 03:54:15,000 >> THIS IS THE LAST, FIVE 5338 03:54:15,000 --> 03:54:15,800 MINUTES FOR DISCUSSION, THANKS. 5339 03:54:15,800 --> 03:54:17,160 >> THIS IS IT. 5340 03:54:17,160 --> 03:54:19,840 YEAH. 5341 03:54:19,840 --> 03:54:21,360 SO EVOLUTION IS KIND OF SHAPED 5342 03:54:21,360 --> 03:54:25,040 THE FOOD THAT WE PREFER AND 5343 03:54:25,040 --> 03:54:26,720 INITIALLY REJECT BUT THESE 5344 03:54:26,720 --> 03:54:28,320 COMMODITY ARE UNDERLYING WHAT 5345 03:54:28,320 --> 03:54:30,200 IS INBORN AND THE KAOUS OF HOW 5346 03:54:30,200 --> 03:54:45,440 THE BODY IS METABULATING. 5347 03:54:45,440 --> 03:54:48,280 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I THINK 5348 03:54:48,280 --> 03:54:49,880 IS A PRACTICAL MATTER ?A WE'RE 5349 03:54:49,880 --> 03:54:52,400 ABLE TO LOOK AT A FOOD TABLE 5350 03:54:52,400 --> 03:54:55,040 AND ESTIMATE HOW SWEET A FOOD 5351 03:54:55,040 --> 03:54:57,120 WOULD TASTE, NO LONGER CAN DO 5352 03:54:57,120 --> 03:55:02,960 THAT WITH THE USE OF SWEET 5353 03:55:02,960 --> 03:55:03,400 ENHANCERS. 5354 03:55:03,400 --> 03:55:06,560 SO THE BOTTOM LINE, WHEN YOU 5355 03:55:06,560 --> 03:55:09,560 SEE THESE PRODUCTS IN FOOD OR 5356 03:55:09,560 --> 03:55:10,240 SWEETERS MORE GEARED TO 5357 03:55:10,240 --> 03:55:12,320 CHILDREN, THEY'RE GOING TO BE 5358 03:55:12,320 --> 03:55:14,520 LEARNING THAT SOMETHING SHOULD 5359 03:55:14,520 --> 03:55:14,800 TASTE SWEET. 5360 03:55:14,800 --> 03:55:16,200 AND A FUNCTION OF OUR NERVOUS 5361 03:55:16,200 --> 03:55:21,840 SYSTEM, WE CANNOT FORGET IS TO 5362 03:55:21,840 --> 03:55:24,120 STORE INFORMATION AND PORUSE 5363 03:55:24,120 --> 03:55:25,120 BEHAVIOR OF PRIOR EXPERIENCE, 5364 03:55:25,120 --> 03:55:27,000 CHILDREN LIKE TO EAT WHAT THEY 5365 03:55:27,000 --> 03:55:27,920 EAT. 5366 03:55:27,920 --> 03:55:30,240 SO THE BIG PICTURE IS THE 5367 03:55:30,240 --> 03:55:34,240 CONSEQUENCES OF ALL OF THESE 5368 03:55:34,240 --> 03:55:37,320 FACTORS, OUR BIOLOGY IS NOT IN 5369 03:55:37,320 --> 03:55:37,640 OUR DESTINY. 5370 03:55:37,640 --> 03:55:40,800 AND FOOD IS MUCH MORE THAN A 5371 03:55:40,800 --> 03:55:43,120 SOURCE OF CALORIE, IT'S 5372 03:55:43,120 --> 03:55:45,760 IDENTIFYING FEATURE OF A 5373 03:55:45,760 --> 03:55:48,840 CULTURE WHICH IS OUR ORIGIN AND 5374 03:55:48,840 --> 03:55:50,160 LINKED TO THE METABOLISM OF 5375 03:55:50,160 --> 03:55:51,960 FOODS THAT WE'RE NOW STARTING 5376 03:55:51,960 --> 03:55:52,520 TO UNDERSTAND. 5377 03:55:52,520 --> 03:55:55,200 SO THANK YOU. 5378 03:55:55,200 --> 03:55:58,880 >> THANK YOU, JULIE. 5379 03:55:58,880 --> 03:56:02,080 THANK YOU TO ALL SPEAKERS WHAT 5380 03:56:02,080 --> 03:56:05,760 A PHENOMENAL KICK START OF 5381 03:56:05,760 --> 03:56:07,440 WHOLE SERIES OF WHAT WE'RE 5382 03:56:07,440 --> 03:56:07,800 TRYING TO DO. 5383 03:56:07,800 --> 03:56:09,080 WE HAVE FOUR OR FIVE MINUTES 5384 03:56:09,080 --> 03:56:09,440 LEFT. 5385 03:56:09,440 --> 03:56:12,200 I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR FROM 5386 03:56:12,200 --> 03:56:14,080 WORKING GROUP MEMBERS OF OTHER 5387 03:56:14,080 --> 03:56:16,320 WORKING GROUPS. 5388 03:56:16,320 --> 03:56:17,760 ESPECIALLY CHAIRS, DID WE SET 5389 03:56:17,760 --> 03:56:20,920 UP FOR YOU WHAT YOU HOPE TO SEE? 5390 03:56:20,920 --> 03:56:23,040 ARE THERE ANY BIG GAPS? 5391 03:56:23,040 --> 03:56:24,920 OR THINGS THAT WE SHOULD BE 5392 03:56:24,920 --> 03:56:27,040 WORKING ON AS WE DEVELOP OUR 5393 03:56:27,040 --> 03:56:36,080 REPORT? 5394 03:56:36,080 --> 03:56:38,920 DON HAS HIS HAND UP AND THEN 5395 03:56:38,920 --> 00:00:00,000 MARINE BLACK.