>>THANK YOU
FOR ATTENDING THE FIRST OF 4
MEETINGS FOR THE BIOMARKERS OF
NUTRITION FOR DEVELOPMENTS,
KNOWLEDGE INDICATING DIETARY
SUFFICIENCY OR THE BOND KIDS
PROJECT.
MY NAME IS DREW BREMER AND ON
BEHALF OF THE EUNICE KENNEDY
SHRIVER, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR
CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT I WOULD LIKE TO
EXTEND A THANKS TO THE FEDERAL
AND NONFEDERAL COMMITTEE OF THE
BOND KIDS PROJECT WHO HELPED
SHAPE THE MEETING SERIES AS WELL
AS WORKING GROUP CHAIRS AND
MEMBERS.
ALL OF HAVE YOU PUT IN COUNTLESS
HOURS OF TIME ON THIS PROJECT,
ALL WHILE CONTINUING YOUR DAY
JOBS AND AMIDST THE CHALLENGES
OF THE PANDEMIC.
SECOND I WOULD LIKE TO THANK A
COLLEAGUES AND RECOGNIZE DANIEL
R AITEN ON THE BOND KIDS
PROJECT.
YOU WILL HEAR MORE FROM HIM
LATER.
THIRD I WOULD LIKE TO THANK
ALLISON STIENER FROM THE CAD AME
OF PEDIATRICIANS ANDIN KETTICS
AND FOURTH I WOULD LIKE TO THANK
JENNY WILSON FOR HELPING US ALL
STAY ORGANIZED.
AND FINALLY I WANT TO THANK OW
CONTRACTS TECHNICAL AND AV TEAMS
IF ARE WORKING WITH US TO MAKE
THESE DISCUSSIONS AVAILABLE TO
THE PUBLIC, BOTHOT ZOOM PLATFORM
AS WELL AS VIDEOCAST.
THESE SERIES OF WORKING MEETINGS
ARE THE CULMINATION OF HOURS AND
DISCUSSIONS AND AS DAN WILL
EXPLAIN SHORTLY ARE MEANT TO
TAKE A DEEP DIVE INTO EXAMINING
THE ISSUE DISPS NUTRITIONAL
NEEDS AND ASSESSMENTS OF
SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN.
AND NOW IT'S MY
PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE DAN
RAITEN, THE ORGANIZATIONS
NIEDZER OF THIS PROJECT.
TAKE IT AWAY, DAN.
>> HI, EVERYBODY, THANK YOU
DREW.
THANK YOU TO ALL THE ORGANIZING
TEAMS AND THANK YOU TO OUR
SESSION CHAIR TODAY,
DR. BELAFONTE, WHO YOU WILL HEAR
FROM LATER ON.
I WILL TO TAKE A OPPORTUNITY TO
FAMILIARIZE YOU ALL WITH THE
INTENT OF THIS PROJECT.
THIS PROJECT WAS THE RESULT OF
CONVERSATIONS THAT HAVE OCCURRED
OVER THE LAST YEAR OR SO WHICH
IDENTIFIED A REAL NEED IN THE
AREA OF HOW WE ASSESS THE IMPACT
OF PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT
NUTRITIONAL CARE OF SCHOOL AGED
CHILDREN.
THE TITLE HAS ACTUALLY WOPARTS
OF THE PROG EKD, IT'S BOND AND
KNOWLEDGE INDICATING DIETARY
DEFENSE SO I THOUGHT I WOULD
TAKE TIME TO JUST SORT OF
EXPLAIN WHAT THOSE 2 COMPONENTS
MEAN.
THE FIRST SLIDE IS JUST A
REPRESENTATION OF OUR APPROACH
IN THE UNITED STATES, THE
LEADERSHIP IS REALLY TO--WE ARE
AN EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM
HERE AT NICHD BUT WE RECOGNIZE
THAT THAT RESEARCH NEEDS TO BE
TRANSLATED AND OUR EEIVETTUAL
GOAL IS TO BE ABLE TO GENERATE
THE DATA, GENERATE THE EVIDENT
TO BE THE EVIDENCE GENERATORS
AND FORM PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS
CONTINUE AND THEN TO USE THAT TO
IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF THE
POPULATION, PARTICULARLY WOMEN,
INFANTS AND CHILDREN.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO WHAT WE'RE ASPIRING TO DO
HERE IS TO PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR
ALL OF YOU THAT ARE INTERESTED
IN THIS AREA THAT PARTICULARLY
PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
FOR CHILDREN.
BUT IN PARTICULAR THOSE AGENCIES
AND ORGANIZATIONS ARE ACTIVELY
ENGAGED IN PROGRAMMING,A ROUND
THIS AREA, AND HELP TO GIVE THEM
THE TOOLS THAT THEY NEED TO
ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE
TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT PROGRAMS
THAT THEY'RE DOING, WHERE DOING
THIS BY ENGAGING THE BREATH OF
THE CONTINUAL EFFORT FROM
RESEARCH TO ASSESSMENT TO
SURVEILLANCE TO PROGRAM TO
DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION,
THAT ENTIRE COMMUNITY HAS BEEN
ENGAGED IN THE BOND-KIDS
PROJECT.
NEXT SLIDE.
I WILL WAIT.
I DID WANT TO ALSO MENTION THAT
WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS
DEVELOP A DATABASE, WE'RE TRYING
TO DEVELOP EVIDENCE BASE TO
SUPPORT THIS AGENDA AND WE'RE
ALSO GOING TO MOVE THIS FORWARD,
IT'S TENDED NOT TO BE 1-OFF,
IT'S INTENDED TO BE FIRST PART
OF HOPEFULLY WHAT WILL BE A
SERIES OF EFFORTS TO TAKE THE
EVIDENCE, UNDERSTAND THE GAPS,
RESEARCH THE GAPS AND TAKE THE
EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT PROGRAMS AND
POLICIES.
WHAT IT IS NOT INTENDED TO DO,
AND I WANT TO MAKE THIS CLEAR,
IS WE'RE NOT INTENDING TO DO
PROGRAMS, WE'RE NOT INTENDING TO
DEVELOP GUIDELINES OR
RECOMMENDATIONS, THIS PROJECT IS
INTENDED TO SUPPORT THOSE
AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT
DO, NEXT SLIDE.
OKAY, SORRY.
I'M LOOKING AT MY SLIDE AND NOT
THE NEXT SLIDE.
SORRY.
NEXT SLIDE.
I JUST BRIEFLY THE BOND PROJECT
WAS A PARTNERSHIP THAT STARTED
OUT WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE BILL
AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND
SEVERAL OFFICES AT NIH INCLUDING
THE OFFICE OF DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS AND THE DIVISION OF
RESEARCH ACCORD NATION WHICH IS
NOW THE OFFICE OF NUTRITION
RESEARCH AS WELL AS PARTNERS
THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY.
SO IT WAS REALLY INTENDED TO
ENGAGE THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY IN
EFFORTS TO HARMONIZE OUR
APPROACHES TO DISCOVERY,
DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF
METHODOLOGIES TO SUPPORT ALL
ASPECTS OF NUTRITION RESEARCH.
WE RECOGNIZE THAT THE NUTRITION
ENTERPRISE INCLUDES MANY
DIFFERENT USER GROUPS FROM
CLINICIANS TO PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENTS, THOSE DOING
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE TO
THE ENABLING COMMUNITY AS WELL
AS THOSE MAKING POLICIES, SO ALL
OF THOSE FOLKS REALLY NEED
BENEFIT FROM THE AVAILABILITY OF
THE BEST THE ASSESSMENT
APPROACHES AND THAT IS WHAT WE
WERE INTENDED TO DO.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO THE SECOND PART OF THE
EQUATION, WHICH IS KNOWLEDGE
INDICATING DIETARY SUFFICIENCY,
WE ARE TAKING AN APPROACH THAT
IS MORE BROADLY ENCOMPASSING OF
ALL FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIETARY
SUFFICIENCY, SO WE'RE NOT
LIMITING OUR FOCUS TO WHAT
CHILDREN ARE EATING, IT'S NOT
SIMPLY A MATTER OF MEASURING
INTAKE, IT'S THAT THE CHILD IS
PART OF AN ECOLOGY.
I PROVIDED 1 DEFINITION OF AN
ECOLOGY, THAT IS INTERACTION OF
A COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM, IN
THIS CASE, THE CHILD WITH THEIR
ENVIRONMENT AND WHAT WE'RE
FOCUSING ON IN BOTH THE INTERNAL
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AS WELL
AS THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT,
THERE ARE SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF
THESE ENVIRONMENTS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
THIS IS A CARTOON REPRESENTING A
BROAD VIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
WE'RE NOT JUST TALKING ABOUT THE
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, ALTHOUGH
THAT'S VERY MUCH AN IMPORTANT
COMPONENT, SO PHYSICAL LAND
RESOURCES INCLUDING THE CLIMATE.
BUT ALSO THE HOME/SCHOOL AND
COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT, THE
BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT AS WELL AS
EDUCATIONAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPONENTS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
DID EMPLOY ANOTHER KEY ECOLOGY
IN THIS ENVIRONMENT IS THE FOOD
SYSTEM.
OBVIOUSLY THE PART OF THE
REASONS FOR THE NEED FOR
PROGRAMS FOR--JUST TO SUPPORT
KIDS IN SCHOOL SYSTEM THAT FOOD
SYSTEMS ARE OFTEN IMPACTED BY
LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS, THESE
ARE THE CORE ELEMENTS OF THE
FOOD SYSTEM BUT AS WE SAW WITH
THE COVID PANDEMIC, THAT FOOD
SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENT CAN
REALLY HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
ON THE PROGRAMS AND THE NEEDS OF
CHILDREN.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO WHEN YOU PUT THIS ALTOGETHER
WHEN YOU'RE REALLY TRYING TO
ASSESS THE DATA TO INDICATE
DIETARY SUFFICIENCY, WE HAVE TO
RECOGNIZE THAT THIS IS A COMPLEX
ECOLOGY.
AND IT IS COMPLEX.
WE RECOGNIZE THE COMPLEXITY OF
IT.
WE'RE NOT DAUNTED BY THE
COMPLEXITY OF IT, WHAT WE TRIED
TO DO IS PUT TOGETHER A PROCESS
THAT WILL ALLOW US TO ADDRESS
THIS IN SORT OF A SYSTEMATIC
APPROACH WITH THE COMPLEXITY OF
THE CHILD ECOALING.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO THAT BRINGS US TO THE BOND
KIDS PROJECT.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO OUR GOALS, WE'RE RECOGNIZING
THIS IS A VERY COMPLEX ISSUE,
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A
DEVELOPMENTAL RANGE FROM 5-19,
WHAT WE'RE NOW REFERRING TO AS
THE 7000 DAYS, WE'RE NOT
IGNORING THE THOUSAND DAYS BUT
WE'RE RECOGNIZING THOSE
PREDISPOSURES, AND WE'RE
FOCUSING ON THE DEVELOPMENT
SPECTRUM FROM 5-19.
THIS OBVIOUSLY--ALL RIGHT, NEXT
SLIDE.
SO THE GOAL OF THE PROJECT HERE
IS TO RECOGNIZE THIS ECOLOGY, SO
WE'VE ORGANIZED THE PROJECT FROM
AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE,
RECOGNIZING CHILD ECOLOGY, WE
WILL EXPLORE BOTH THE INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL ECOLOGY, THE GOAL
WILL BE TO PROVIDE, TO DEVELOP
IN PHASE 1 WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT
WE DON'T KNOW SO WHAT WE KNOW
THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED,
TRANSLATED, WHAT WE DON'T KNOW
WILL BECOME A RESEARCH AGENDA
THAT HOPEFULLY WILL FORM
AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT
ARE INVOLVE INDEED THE RESEARCH
ENTERPRISE.
PHASE 2 WHICH WE HOPE TO
COLLABORATE WITH MANY OF YOU,
AND LED BY DON AND HIS GROUP AT
THE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM AT THE
LONDON SKILL WILL BE AN EFFORT
TO TRANSLATE AND IMPLEMENT SOME
OF THE FED ON AND THAT
TRANSLATION PROCESS, OBVIOUSLY
ALSO INCLUDES A RESEARCH
COMPONENT, HOW TO DO THAT KIND
OF RESEARCH IN AN EQUITABLE,
CONTEXT SPECIFIC WAY IS GOING
TOO BE A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF
THE PROJECT AS YOU LEARN FROM
WORKING GROUP 4.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO THE STRUCTURE OF BOND KIDS
WAS--THIS IS REPRESENTED HERE,
WE WANT TO START OUT REORGANIZE
A SECRETARIATE AS DREW
MENTIONED, WE HAVE THE TEAM IN
PARTNER WITH WITH THE ACADEMY OF
NUTRITION AND BIOKINETICS TEAM
AND THAT SERVES AS THE
SECRETARY, WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR
THE NUTS AND BOLTS AND CONDUCT
OF THE PROJECT.
WE RECOGNIZE THAT IN THE
BEGINNING WE REALLY NEED TO GET
THE INPUT OF THE COMMUNITIES
THAT WE'RE HOPING TO SERVE, SO
WE PUT TOGETHER AND CONSITUTED A
SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE
WHICH INCLUDED REPRESENTATION
FROM MANY OF THE AGENCIES AND
ORGANIZATIONS BOALGT IN THE U.S.
AND GLOBALLY INVOLVED IN
PROVIDING NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT TO
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN.
AND THEN TO ACTUALLY DO THE
PROJECT, WE ORGANIZED 4 WORKING
GROUPS.
NEXT SLIDE.
THIS CARTOON REP ARE SENTS
ECOLOGY AND ALSO REPRESENTS HOW
WE ORGANIZE THE PROJECT.
SO ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE, CAN
YOU SEE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE
INTERNAL ECOLOGY, WHICH IS WHAT
YOU WILL HEAR ABOUT FOR THOSE OF
THAT YOU WILL STAY ON GROUP 1
TODAY, WORKING GROUP 1 WILL
FOCUS ON THAT INTERACTION
BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS.
OVER THE TOP, JUST OVERLAY THE
TOP, THERE'S THE ENVIRONMENT,
THAT'S WORKING GROUP 2, WE
RECOGNIZE THESE FACTORS, THESE
INTERNAL ECOLOGY IS AFFECTED BY
THE EXTERNAL ECOLOGY, SO WORKING
FOR 2 WHICH IS CHAIRED BY
DR. MAUREEN BLACK WILL COVER
THOSE CEREBELLUMS TERNAL FACTORS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT THAT AFFECT
THESE FUNCTIONS AND NUTRITIONAL
STATUS OF INTEREST.
THAT WILL ALL FEED INTO WORKING
GROUP 3 LED BY
DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] AT CORNELL
WHICH IS FOCUS ON ASSESSMENT,
HOW WE PUT THIS ALTOGETHER IN
SOME USEFUL MANNER TO SUPPORT
THESTS ACROSS THE RANGE OF USER
COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN
ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN.
SO AGAIN, GOING BACK TO THAT
BOND CONCEPT, OUR GOAL IS TO
SUPPORT CLINICIANS, PEOPLE DOING
SURVEILLANCE, PEOPLE RUNNING
PROGRAM, ET CETERA.
AND THEN THE LAST PHASE IS
TRANSLATION IMPLEMENTATION,
THAT'S CO CHAIRED BY DON AND
CHRISTINA ECONOMS, AT TUFTs
UNIVERSITY.
THOSE FOLKS WILL FOCUS ON THOSE
FACTORS THAT HAVE TO BE
CONSIDERED IN THE TRANSLATION IF
A PATIENT--OF WHATEVER THE
RECOMMENDATIONS MAY BE IN
SUPPORT OF THESE PROGRAMS AND
OUR GOALS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT
OF THESE PROGRAMS - CHILD HEALTH
AND DEVELOPMENT.
SO THAT'S WHEREY WOO ARE.
THAT'S A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF WHAT
WE'RE DOING, AND I'M NOW VERY
PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO TURN THIS
OVER TO OUR CHAIR FOR TODAY
DR. DARYL BUNDY.
THANK YOU.
>> GREAT INTRODUCTION, GREAT
START FOR US ALL.
WELCOME TO EVERYONE WHOSE TUNED
IN ON THIS CONVERSATION.
SO I'M DON BUNDY AND I'M FROM
THE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM FOR
SCHOOL HEALTH AND YOU HAD
TRICIAN, A GLOBAL CONSORTIUM OF
COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE WITH THE
SECRETARY TARUATE OF THE LONDON
SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND MEDICINE.
AND THE CONSORTIUM'S ROLE IS TO
HELP CREATE AN INDEPENDENT
EVIDENCE BASE TO SUPPORT THE 60
COUNTRY, 60 + COUNTRIES OF THE
SCHOOL MEALS COALITION TO
SUPPORT THEM IN RECOVERING FROM
THE PANDEMIC AND DEVELOPING
STRONGER NATIONAL PROGRAMS,
PARTICULARLY AROUND SCHOOL MEALS
AND COMPLIMENTARY HEALTH
SERVICES.
HENCE OUR ENGAGEMENT IN BOND
KIDS.
AS YOU HEARD FROM DAN, THERE'S
GOING TO BE A WORKSHOP HELD
TODAY AFTER THIS SESSION, AND
AGAIN, EVERY SUPERDOME FOR THE
REST OF THE MONTH OF MARCH AND I
HOPE YOU WILL TUNE INTO THOSE,
BUT TO START THE PROCESS, WE
THOUGHT IT WOULD BE VERY
IMPORTANT TO HEAR FROM SOME OF
THE KEY AGENCIES THAT COMPRISE
THE STEERING COMMITTEE FOR BOND
KIDS, IN FACT, WE HAVE 7
AGENCIES REPRESENTED TODAY AND 7
REMARKABLE PEOPLE TALKING ON
BEHALF OF THEM.
AND WE'RE GOING TO BRIEFLY HEAR
FROM THEM, ABOUT THEIR CURRENT
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING 2
THINGS, FIRST, THE NEED FOR
PROGRAMS DURING THE NEXT 7000
DAYS OF LIFE, DURING SCHOOL AGE
AND ADOLESCENCE.
THE NEED FOR THOSE PROGRAMS AND
SECONDLY, HOW NUTRITIONAL
INPUT--SORRY NUTRITIONAL IMPACT
IS CURRENTLY ASSESSED IN THOSE
PROGRAMS.
SO WE'VE GOT AS I SAY, 7 GREAT
SPEAKERS, AND WE'RE GOING TO
START WITH DIANE DEBERNARDO,
SPEAKING FROM HER POSITION AT
USDA.
DIANE, IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO
KICKOFF AND JUST BRIEFLY
INTRODUCE YOURSELF.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU DON.
SO MY NAME IS DIANE DEBERNARD
AND I'M A FOOD SECURITY AND
NUTRITION ADVISOR IN THE USDA'S
FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE AND
THEIR OFFICE OF FLOABAL PROGRAMS
AND SPECIFICALLY IN THE
INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE
DIVISION.
AND SHOULD WE PUT SLIDES UP AT
THIS POINT?
I CAN START INTRODUCING A BIT
MORE WITH THAT.
SO THE FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL
SERVICE IS ACTUALLY A TRADE
AGENCY AND WE HAVE A MISSION
THAT PRIMARILY INVOLVES
PROMOTING AGRICULTURE TRADE,
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, DEVELOPING
AND IMPLEMENTING TRADE POLICY,
WE ALSO HAVE A--HAVE AN OFFICE
THAT ANALYZES FOOD COMMODITIES
AND THAT ANALYSIS COMES OUT ONCE
A MONTH AND IT ACTUALLY DRIVES
THE GLOBAL COMMODITIES MARKET
ANALYSIS, SO IT'S CRUCIAL TO
THAT COMPONENT OF GLOBE AT FOOD
SECURITY, AND THEN WE HAVE 1
OFFICE THAT IS MY OFFICE THAT
HANDLES INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER GLOBAL
PROGRAMS THAT PROMOTE OTHER
COUNTRIES CAPACITY TO ENGAGE IN
TRADE AND WITHIN THAT, WE HAVE 2
BIG INTERNATIONAL FOOD
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.
ONE OF WHICH IS Mc GOVERN
GOAL, INTERNATIONAL FOOD
EDUCATION AND CHILD NUTRITION
PROGRAM.
DON IS THIS THE POINT WHERE I
SHOULD HAVE SLIDES OR IS THAT
COMING UP?
SO, DIANE ARE YOU SHARING THEM
OR I ARE WE SHARING THEM?
>> APOLIPOPROTEIN SORRY, I'M NOT
USUALLY USED TO DO THIS, I HAD
SOMETHING EARLIER THIS MORNING.
>> OKAY, I CAN GO AHEAD AND PULL
UP--I THINK WE'RE GOING TO SHARE
THEM.
>> THERE YOU GO.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> YEAH, SORRY ABOUT THAT
EVERYONE.
THEY'RE ACTUALLY PRETTY BRIEF
SLIDES, AND MORE PROMPTS AND I
CAN TALK ABOUT THEM PRETTY
EASILY.
AND THE NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
>> OKAY, SO THIS IS JUST WHAT I
WENT OVER AND SHOWING THE MAJOR
MISSIONS OF THE FOREIGN
AGRICULTURAL SERVICE AND ALSO
JUST TO MENTION, WE HAVE OUR OWN
FOREIGN SERVICE.
THOSE ARE AGRICULTURE ATASH AS
BASED IN DIFFERENT AGENCIES
AROUND THE WORLD, SOME HAVE
SINGLE COUNTRY COVERAGE AND
OTHERS HAVE REGIONAL COVERAGE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, OUR PROGRAM, THE
INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION
AND CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM IS
ACTUALLY THE FORMAL NAME WE JUST
CALL IT Mc GOVERN GOAL FOR
SHATTER WAS STARTED 20 YEARS
AGO, THIS WAS OUR 20th
ANNIVERSARY THERE YEAR, BY
SENATORS Mc GOVERN AND DOLE,
THUS THE NAME AND ENJOYS BROAD
BI PARTISAN SUPPORT TO THIS DAY.
IT'S A VERY POPULAR PROGRAM IN
CONGRESS.
IT'S A COMMODITIES DRIVEN
PROGRAM, AS YOU WILL LEARN LATER
AND IT'S THROUGH THE FARM BILL
SO IT HAS A DIFFERENT FUNDING
STREAM FROM A LOT OF OTHER
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS.
WE ALSO HAVE OTHER PROGRAMS THAT
SOMETIMES ENGAGE IN NUTRITION.
AND THOSE INCLUDE OUR FELLOWSHIP
PROGRAMS WHICH WE'VE LISTED
HERE.
ONCE IN A WHILE, YOU WILL SEE
THEM VERY SPECIFICALLY ENGAGE IN
NUTRITION, BUT THEY ALWAYS
PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY WHICH
INDIRECTLY SUPPORTS NUTRITION AS
WELL.
OUR OTHER INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID
PROGRAM IS FOOD FOR PROGRESS AND
THAT DEVELOPS AGRICULTURE VALUE
CHAINS AND MARKET SYSTEMS.
AND THEN FINALLY, ASSOCIATED
WITH Mc GOVERN GOAL IS OUR
LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD
PROCUREMENT PROGRAM AND I WILL
DISCUSS THAT MORE IN A FEW
SLIDES.
IN ACCIDENT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO I JUST MENTIONED A FEW OF
THESE THINGS ALREADY.
SO Mc GOVERN DOLE HAS 2
OBJECTIVES AND I WOULD SAY 1
SUBOBJECTIVE AND PRIMARILY, IT
IS TO IMPROVE LITERACY AND
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND 1 OF
THE CRITERION IS THAT IT'S MEANT
TO TARGET COUNTRIES THAT ARE ARE
STRUGGLING WITH SCALING UP AND
JUST CREATING QUALITY PRIMARY
SCHOOL PROGRAMS, THEN THE NEXT
OBJECTIVE IS REALLY TO DECREASE
HUNGER AND IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY
AND OUR STATE OBJECTIVE IS TO
INCREASE THE USE OF HEALTH
NUTRITION AND DIETARY PRACTICES
ISSUES I WILL ALSO GO INTO THAT
A BIT MORE LATER AND THEN
FINALLY WE ALSO ARE VERY
INTERESTED IN A COUNTRY'S
ABILITY TO EVENTUALLY GRADUATE
FROM OUR PROGRAMS, IT'S NOT
MEANT TO BE A PROGRAM FOR THE
SAKE OF IT, THE FUNDING CYCLES
WILL OFTEN GO ON, LIKE THEY'RE
USUALLY 3-5 YEAR PROGRAMS AND WE
MAY HAVE 3 OR 4 FUNDING CYCLES
IN A ROW BUT EVENTUALLY THE
COUNTRY NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO TAKE
OVER THE PROGRAM AND WE EVALUATE
THAT BY THEIR TERMS OF
FINANCING, POLITICAL COMMITMENT,
POLICIES AND OTHER THINGS.
OUR ANNUAL BUDGET IS
$220 MILLION EVERY YEAR, WE'VE
SEEN IT GO UP A BIT MORE IN THE
LAST YEAR, I HOPE TO SEE THAT
TREND CONTINUE WITH OUR
INFLATION ISSUES.
EACH YEAR WE HAVE 8-10 MULTIYEAR
AWARDS.
AGAIN THEY'RE 3-5 YEAR LONG
PROGRAMS AND THEN IF FISCAL YEAR
2021, WE SENT OVER 50,000,
ALMOST 51,000 METRIC TONS OF
U.S. COMMODITIES AND THE WAY
THAT WORKS IS THE SCHOOL MEAL
THAT THE CHILDREN RECEIVE EACH
DAY IS A COMBINATION OF U.S.
DONATED COMMODITIES THAT WE SHIP
OVER AND ALSO LOCALLY SOURCED
PRODUCTS AND I WILL GO INTO THAT
IN A FEW MINUTES.
>> SO DIANE,--DIANE, I WONDER IF
WE CAN START TO WIND UP, MAYBE
WE CAN COME BACK TO SOME OF THE
ISSUES IN THE Q&A LATER ON.
>> SURE.
SO, I THINK I WILL WIND UP BY
SAYING THAT BOND KIDS WILL BE
VERY VALUABLE BECAUSE CURRENTLY,
WE DON'T HAVE A WAY TO MEASURE
THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF OUR
TARGET POPULATION WHICH IS
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN, MAINLY
AGES 5-12, MIDDLE CHILDHOOD, WE
DON'T KNOW WHAT THEIR
NUTRITIONAL STATUS IS AND
WHETHER THE RATION THEY RECEIVE
EACH DAY HAS A IMPACT ON THE
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND WHETHER
THERE ARE THINGS WE MIGHT WANT
TO CHANGE BASED ON KNOWLEDGE
LIKE THAT, SO THIS WILL GREATLY
HELP US IN REPLANNING OUR
PROGRAM AND MEASURING IMPACT AND
I GUESS I WILL WRAP IT UP THERE.
>> SUPER THANK YOU VERY MUCH
DIANE.
DIANE WAS VERY KEY IN THE ROLL
OUT OF BOND-KIDS REALLY, DIDN'T
WANT TO CUT YOU OFF THERE BUT
ALSO WANT TO MAKE SURE WE HAVE
SPACE FOR ALL OF THE PRESENTERS.
SO WE'LL MOVE ON NOW TO
DEEPIKA SHARMA FROM UNICEF, WHO
WILL ADDRESS THE SAME QUESTIONS
ABOUT NEED AND IMPACT
MEASUREMENT FROM THE UNICEF
FACTOR.
>> THANKS, DON.
SO JUST TO START WITH, I WILL
INTREEFLY INTRODUCE MYSELF, I AM
DEEPIKA, SHARMA, I AM WITH THE
PROGRAM UNICFETAL COMPARTMENTA
THE HEADQUARTERS IN NEW YORK AND
I'M THE TECH IN IICAL FOCAL
POINT FOR UNICEF'S PROGRAM FOR
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.
SO FIRST I WILL BRIEF YOU ABOUT
OUR PROGRAMMING APPROACH,,
UNICEF'S PROGRAM.
BECAUSE YOU MAY KNOW THAT
UNICEF'S BEEN WORKING ON UNDER 5
AND SOMETIMES ON MENTAL
NUTRITION BUT SINCE THE LAST FEW
YEARS WE HAVE VENTURED IN THE
AREA OF SUPPORTING GFULTS AND
PARTNERS ON NUTRITION OF SCHOOL
AGE CHILDREN AND THE ENTIRE AGE
RANGE OF 5-19 YEARS.
SO THE PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO
PREVENT--WE FOCUS ON PREVENTING
ALL FORMS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND WE
EMPHASIZE ON 3 CRITICAL ELEMENTS
TO INSURE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT
AND OVERALL WELL BEING IN THIS
AGE GROUP, WHICH IS THE NEED TO
SUPPORT NUTRITION AND SAFE
DIETS, INSURE ESSENTIAL SERVICES
AND PROMOTE POSITIVE NUTRITION
PRACTICES, AMONG SCHOOL AGED
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.
AND THESE ELEMENTS ARE EMBEDDED
INTO 5 PROGRAMMATIC VARIETIES
THAT THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES
IMPLEMENT.
THE FIRST PROGRAM FOCUSES ON
NUTRITION AND SAFE SCHOOL MEALS
WHICH IS USE OF FORTIFIED
SCHOOLS, ESPECIALLY IN SETTINGS
WHERE MACRONUCLEOTIDES T-REGENT
DISCIPLINARY
DISCIPLINARY--DEFICIENCIES ARE
THERE, AND OTHER CONTEXT
RELEVANT FORMS, OF LARGE SCALE
FORTIFICATION.
OUR SECOND PRIORITY FOCUSES ON
IMPROVING THE SCHOOL FOOD
ENVIRONMENTS AND,A ROUND THE
SCHOOL BECAUSE CHILDREN SPEND A
SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF TIME IN
SCHOOL AND THEY ARE EXPOSED TO
BASIC FOOD ENVIRONMENT.
SCHOOL FOOD ENVIRONMENT.
THE THIRD GUIDE FOR US FOCUSES
ON PREVENTION OF MICRONUTRIENT
DEFICIENCIES, ESPECIALLY ESPECIALLY ANEM E
JAMILA AND [INDISCERNIBLE].
THE FOURTH PROGRAM ABJECTIVE AS
BEEN ARTICULATED ON THE BASIS
AROUND SCHOOL BASED FOOD AND
NUTRITION EDUCATION, SO ALL THE
EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE NUTRITION
EDUCATION AND TO THE SCHOOL
CURRICULA ARE ADMIT INDEED THIS
PRIORITY.
ANOTHER PRIORITY, THE FIFTH
PRIORITY IS INCLUSION OF LARGE
SCALE SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL CHANGE
COMMUNICATION TO PROMOTE GOOD
DIET, LEAD TO PRACTICES AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ACTIVE
LIFESTYLES AMONG THIS AGE GROUP,
THE FAMILIES, PARENTS AND THE
COMMUNITIES.
AND TO TRACK THESE 5 PRIORITIES
AND INFORM OUR PROGRAMMATIC
EFFORTS ACROSS COUNTRIES WE
ESTABLISHED NUTRI-DASH, IT'S FOR
US WE STARTED IN TWEBT 13 BUT AT
THAT POINT IN TIME, WHEN WE
STARTED IT INCLUDED INFORMATION
ON PROGRAMS THAT FOCUS ON UNDER
5S AND MANAGEMENT OF ACCURATE
MALNUTRITION, BUT OVER THE YEARS
WE EXPANDED NUTRI-DASH IT IS AN
AND MONITORs PROGRESS ON
NUTRITION COVERAGE AND SUPPORTS
FOR US AND PLANNING SUPPLIES TO
FORECASTINGS.
AS MENTIONED IT'S BEEN THERE
SINCE 2013, WE INCLUDE A SCHOOL
MODULTIMATELY ONLY 4 YEARS AGO
AND THIS MODULE BASICALLY HELPS
US TO COLLECT INFORMATION UNDER
THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND
DIGS DEEPER INTO THE EXISTING
POLICIES THAT THE COUNTRIES
MAYBE HAVING TO PREVENT ALL
FORMS OF MALNUTRITION, THE
NATIONAL POLICIES AND IT IS
MOSTLY THE RESPONSES ARE FROM
THE NATIONAL LEVEL; THEN WE ALSO
INCLUDE QUESTIONS ON COVERAGE,
COVERAGE AS IN NUMBERS AND IF
THE COUNTRY IS FOCUSING ON SOME
SUPPLY BASED INTERVENTIONS LIKE
FOR INSTANCE, IF THE COUNTRY IS
IMPLEMENTING, FOLIC ACID
SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS AND THE
SUNTRY NEEDS SUPPLIES IF FOLIC
ACID.
THAT INFORMATION IS GATHERED AND
THEN WE LINK THIS INFORMATION TO
OUR SUPPLY DIVISION.
AND OVER THE TIME IN THE LAST 4
YEARS, THE DATA INFORMATION THAT
WE GATHER FROM NUTRI-DASH,
BECAUSE IT'S ANNUAL REPORTING OF
THE COUNTRIES, TOO, THIS
INFORMATION HAS REALLY BECOME
CRITICAL FOR US IN REPORTING NOT
ONLY ON UNICEF'S INSTITUTIONAL
TARGETS OR CONTRIBUTIONS, BUT
ALSO WE CONTRIBUTE TO CERTAIN
GLOBAL INITIATIVES AND IT IS
BECOME KIND OF A KEY REFERENCE
FOR NUTRITION PROGRAM IN UNICEF
AND BEYOND.
OUR COUNTRY OFFICES AND AT THE
GLOBAL LEVEL, USE THIS
INFORMATION TO ADVOCATE, TRACK
PROGRESS AND ALSO TO MAKE ANY
NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT IN
PROGRAMS.
SO THIS MODULE, I WILL PASTE THE
LINK IN THE CHAT BOX SOON AND 1
THING THAT'S VERY--THE UNIQUE
FEATURE OF NUTRI-DASH IS THAT IT
CAN BE FILLED OUT BY GOVERNMENT,
GOVERNMENTS AND PARTNERS ALSO.
AND THERE ARE DIFFERENT SET OF
LEVELS OF USERS AND DATA
COLLECTORS, DATA USERS, AND AS I
MENTIONED IT COVERS BOTH UNICEF
AS WELL AS NONUNICEF
INTERVENTION, SO OVER OVERALL
FOR US INTERNALLY TO TRACK
PROGRESS AND TO MONITOR OUR
PROGRAMMATIC EFFORTS AND COURSE
CORRECTION, THIS HAS BECOME A
VERY IMPORTANT TOOL.
IT ISN'T--
>> SORRY TO INTERRUPT YOU BUT
CAN I ASK YOU TO WRAP?
>> I AM DONE.
THANKS DON.
I'M DONE.
, OKAY.
>> YEAH, I'M DONE, I JUPT THED
TO MENTION THAT I WILL BE
PASTING THE LINK.
SO THE LINKS CAN PLAY AROUND
WITH NUTRI-DASH.
>> THAT'S SUPER.
THE PROBLEM IS WE'VE JUST GOT SO
MUCH INTEREST IN THIS TOPIC THAT
IT'S JUST SO GREAT TO HEAR HEAR
ALL THESE TALES AND WE WILL MOVE
ON NOW, SO THANK YOU DEEPIKA
FROM UNICEF, NONAPOPTOTIC YOU
MOVING ON TO THE WORLD FOOD
PROGRAM TO HEAR FROM CARMEN
BURBANO, CARMEN IF YOU COULD
SPEAK.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DON.
INTRODUCING MYSELF, CARMEN
BURBANO, I'M WITH THE SCHOOL
BASED DIVISION PROGRAM, AND FOR
THOSE THAT DON'T BEEN WFP, I
WILL SAY WE WORK VERY CLOSELY
WITH UNICEF ISSUES WITH THE
OTHER AGENCIES HERE PRESENT AND
OUR AREA OF SPECIALTY FOR THE
LAST 5 DECADES HAS BEEN SCHOOL
MEALS AND NOW MORE BROADLY THE
ISSUE OF SCHOOL HEALTH AND
NUTRITION, SO WHAT I'M GOING TO
DO IS I WILL SHARE MY SCREEN
STRAIGHT THROUGH, DON, SO WE CAN
GET GOING.
CAN YOU TELL ME IF YOU SEE MY
SCREEN.
>> YEAH, THAT'S GOOD.
>> ALL RIGHT.
SO THE FIRST THING I WANTED TO
SHARE WITH ALL OF YOU IS THAT
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SCHOOL MEALS
AND ESSENTIALLY PROVIDING FOOD
TO CHILDREN IN SCHOOL, WHILE
THEY'RE IN SCHOOL, THESE CAN BE
BREAKFAST OR LUNCH OR SNACKS OR
ALL OF THE ABOVE, THE SCALE OF
THIS INTERVENTION IS MASSIVE,
THE LAST MEASUREMENT THAT WE HAD
BEFORE THE PANDEMIC INDICATE
THAD 388 MILLION CHILDREN AROUND
THE WORLD WERE RECEIVING MEALS
IN SCHOOLS.
AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THIS MAP, IT
REALLY IS ACROSS INCOME GROUPS,
AND IT BAIRVEGLY INCLUDES ALMOST
EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.
SO BEFORE THE PANDEMIC, THIS
REALLY WAS THE LARGEST SAFETY
NET AVAILABLE THAT WAS
SUPPORTING CHILDREN AND THEIR
FAMILIES NOT JUST IN SCHOOL BUT
A SAFETY NET THAT WAS ALSO
TRANSFERRING IMPORTANT RESOURCES
TO VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND
FAMILIES.
NOW, 1 OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE
SEEN OVER THE LAST 2 YEARS OF
COURSE, IS THAT WITH SCHOOL
CLOSURES, THIS PROGRAM
ESSENTIALLY GROUND TO A HALT.
IN MAY OF 2020, YOU MAY MIGHT
HAVE SEEN BECAUSE IT WAS IN THE
NEWS QUITE A LOT ABOUT
370 MILLION CHILDREN LOST ACCESS
TO THOSE MEALS FROM OUR
CALCULATIONS.
WE'VE BEEN TRACKING WHAT HAS THE
EVOLUTION BEEN OVER THE LAST
COUPLE OF YEARS.
AND THIS FIGURE HAS NOW GONE
DOWN BUT IT HASN'T GONE DOWN TO
LEVELS BEFORE THE PANDEMIC.
WE'RE STILL MISSING AROUND
150 MILLION KIDS, PARTICULARLY
BECAUSE THEY ARE STILL IN
COUNTRIES THAT HAVE PARTIALLY OR
OPEN THEIR SCHOOLS OR HAVE NOT
OPENED THEIR SCHOOLS AT ALL.
SO WE STILL HAVE SOME WAY TO GO
AND OF COURSE, PART OF THE
NARRATIVE OF THE LAST FEW YEARS
IS THAT WE REALLY NEED TO WORK
TO ADDRESS THIS SITUATION.
LAST YEAR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
FOOD SYSTEM SUMMIT, GOVERNMENTS
GOT TOGETHER AND LAUNCHED WHAT
IS NOW THE SCHOOL MEALS
COALITION.
IT'S A CONSORTIUM OF 62
GOVERNMENTS FROM HIGH, LOW AND
MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, THAT
REALLY CAME TOGETHER FOR THE
GOAL OF WORKING TOWARDS MAKING
SURE EVERY CHILD HAS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO RECEIVE A HEALTHY
AND NUTRITION MEAL IN SCHOOL.
THE COALITION HAS 3 MAIN
OBJECTIVES, 1 WHICH IS REALLY
RESPONDING TO THE PANDEMIC AND
RESTORING WHAT WE HAD, MAKING
SURE THAT THOSE CHILDREN IN THAT
RED SLIDE THAT I PRESENTED
EARLIER GO BACK TO RECEIVING
MEALS.
THE SECOND 1 IS MORE FOCUSED ON
LOW INCOME COUNTRIES AND MAKING
SURE THAT THE CHILDREN THAT WERE
BEING MISSED EVEN BEFORE THE
PANDEMIC AND WE QUANTIFIED THIS
TO BE ABOUT 73 MILLION CHILDREN
RECEIVE THE MEALS IN SCHOOL AND
A THIRD 1 IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO
ALL COUNTRIES OF ALL INCOME
LEVELS AND IT'S ABOUT HOW CAN WE
IMPROVE THESE PROGRAMS,
INCLUDING MAKING THEM THE TRUE
MULTIFACTORIAL PLATFORMS THEY
CAN BECOME RNS CONNECTING THEM
TO LOCAL PURCHASE, MAKING SURE
THEY ARE VIABLE FROM A NUTRITION
POINT OF VIEW, THAT THEY ARE
IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
EDUCATION SECTOR AND THAT THEY
CONNECT TO MORE INTERVEPGZS THAT
DEEPIKA WAS MENTIONING AROUND
HEALTH AND SCHOOL NUTRITION.
JUST A FEW WORDS ABOUT WHAT WFP
DOES WITH ALL OF THIS, WE ARE
THE LARGEST INTERNATIONAL AGENCY
FOR SCHOOL MEALS AND WE
SPECIALIZE IN LOWER AND LOW
INCOME COUNTRIES.
OUR SCALE IS QUITE IMPORTANT.
WE RANGE BETWEEN 15 AND
18 MILLION CHILDREN IN TERMS OF
COVERAGE, WE OPERATE IN ABOUT 74
COUNTRIES.
WE ARE ALSO THE SECRETARIATE OF
THE SCHOOL MEALS COALITION, SO
WHEN IT COMES TO SCHOOL MEALS
AND TO A CERTAIN EXTENT THE
PLATFORM OF SCHOOL HEALTH AND
NUTRITION, WFP AND QUITE AN
IMPORTANT ACTOR BOTH FROM AN
OPERATIONAL POINT OF VIEW BUT
FROM A STRATEGIC POINT OF VIEW,
SUPPORTING GOVERNMENTS ALL
AROUND THE WORLD.
NOW THIS MEETING IS REALLY ABOUT
HOW DO WE MEASURE ALL OF THESE
EFFORT SAYS AND WHAT I WANTED TO
SHARE WITH YOU IS THAT IN THE
LAST FEW MONTHS AND YEARS.
WE'VE WORKED ON A THEORY OF
CHANGE FOR OUR PROGRAMS AND I
JUST WANT TO BASICALLY TELL YOU
THAT WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO
WITH SCHOOL MEALS AND MORE
BROADLY WITH OUR SCHOOL
INTERVENTIONS IS HAVE AN IMPACT
ON THESE OUTCOMES HERE THAT YOU
SEE IN THE COLUMNS, BOTH IMPACT
ON THE EDUCATION SECTOR BUT ALSO
AROUND INCOME GENERATING
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE COMMUNITY
ISSUES AROUND PRODUCTIVITY OF
COMMUNITIES AND ALSO WORKING
WITH GOVERNMENTS PARTICULARLY ON
THEIR CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT
THESE PROGRAMS.
I'M JUST GOING TO CLICK HERE, A
SCREEN WILL APPEAR HERE AND I
WILL NOT FOCUS ON IT BUT YOU SEE
THE THEORY OF CHANGE, THIS IS
CUTTING ACROSS SEVERAL SECTORS
OF EDUCATION, NUTRITION, SMALL
FARMERS VALUE CHAINS AND WHAT I
WANT TO FOCUS SOPHISTICATED IS
THIS PARTICULAR LINE WHICH HAS
TO DO WITH INCREASED ACCESS TO
SCHOOL HEALTH AND NUTRITION
PACKAGES AND HERE YOU SEE THAT
WE ARE HOPING TO MEASURE
SPECIFIC INDICATORS AROUND
DIETARY DIVERSITY, SHORT-TERM
HUNGER AND IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL
STATUS.
NOW IF WE MOVE FURTHER DOWN THE
CHAIN OF THE THEORY OF CHANGE,
WE ALSO SEE IN THE LIGHT BLUE,
INDICATORS AROUND IMPROVED
HEALTH, PHYSICAL AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH FOR GIRLS
AND BOYS BUT WHAT I WANTED TO
SHARE IS THAT WE DON'T HAVE
APPROPRIATE INDICATORS AT THE
MOMENT TO MEASURE THE BOXES THAT
ARE PRESENTED IN RED AND IN
ORANGE.
SO AS CAN YOU SEE, VERY MUCH
TRACKING CLOSELY TO THE
BOND-KIDS PROJECT, THE ISSUE OF
MEASURING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS
AND HEALTH STATUS OF CHILDREN OF
THIS AGE GROUP IS VERY MUCH A
GAP THAT WE HAVE BOTH
CORPORATELY, AS WFP'S OPERATIONS
BUT ALSO IN THE COALITION.
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS VERY
MUCH MISSING.
SO TO FINALIZE, DON, WHAT I
WANTED TO SAY IS FROM THE WFP
POINT OF VIEW AS AN INPUT TO THE
BOND KIDS PROJECT, WE REALLY
NEED THE PRODUCTS ESPECIALLY THE
PRODUCTS OF WORKING GROUP 4, TO
TRANSLATE INTO INDICATORS AND
METHODOLOGIES THAT COULD BE
APPROPRIATE FOR ALL CONTEXT, AND
PARTICULARLY IN FRAGILE CONTEXTS
AND ALSO I WANTED TO SHARE THAT
THE RESULTS OF THE BOND KIDS
PROJECT, WE HOPE CAN BE USED IN
THE SHORT-TERM, BY WFP AND IT'S
OWN OPERATIONS, WE HAVE
HOPEFULLY PLANS TO INCORPORATE
THIS IN THE MEDIUM TERM INTO OUR
CORPORATE RESULTS FRAMEWORK BUT
WE ALSO HAVE DREAMS IN THE LONG
TERPTO REALLY BE ABLE TO MEASURE
THIS GLOBALLY INCLUDING A
CONVERSATION AROUND THE NEW
SDGs AS THEY COME UP.
I WILL STOP THERE, DON, THANK
YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU CARMEN.
THAT'S CLEAR THAT WFP IS VERY
KEENOT OUTPUT OF BOND-KIDS.
CAN WE MOVE ON NOW TO LINDSAY
ALLEN.
LINDSAY ARE YOU WITH US?
I'M NOT SEEING YOU ON SCREEN
YET?
>> --NOT LISTED ON THE PROGRAM.
>> SORRY, IS THAT MY MISTAKE?
ANDREW OR DAN?
WHO IS THE NEXT PRESENTER?
S--I THINK IT'S--SHALL WE MOVE
ON.
>> I THINK LET'S MOVE ON,
LINDSAY WAS GOING TO TALK ABOUT
HER EFFORTS AROUND HARMONIZATION
AT SOME POINT, IT DOESN'T NEED
TO BE DONE HERE,.
>> I CAN CERTAINLY DO THAT LATER
BUT I'M NOT REPRESENTING AN
AGENCY IN DOING THAT.
>> RIGHT.
OKAY.
>> SUPER, SUPER LINDSAY, THANK
YOU VERY MUCH.
>> CAITLIN, CAITLIN FROM CDC,
YEAH, CAITLIN, IF YOU COULD
TALK--IF YOU COULD NOW TAKE
OVER, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> GOOD MORNING.
SURE, I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND
SHARE MY SLIDES AND YOU LET ME
KNOW HOW HOW THEY LOOK.
>> I THINK WE'RE GOING OKAY, WE
NEED TO SEE THE FULL SCREEN
VERSION, CAITLIN.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
WELL, GOOD MORNING EVERYONE, I'M
REALLY PLEASED TO BE WITH YOU
TODAY TO SHARE REMARCOS BEHALF
OF C DC'S HEALTHY SCHOOLS
PROGRAM.
WE'RE PART OF THE POPULATION OF
HELT IN THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR
CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND
PROMOTION.
I'M CAITLIN [INDISCERNIBLE] AND
I AM A REGISTERED DIETITIAN AND
I EVERYSEE OUR WORK IN SCHOOL
NUTRITION.
OUR WORK IS GROUND INDEED
DECADES OF RESEARCH SHOWING THAT
HEALTH AND LEARNING ARE STRONGLY
CONNECTED, AND THAT HEALTHY
STUDENTS PERFORM BETTER IN
SCHOOL.
WE USE THE WHOLE SCHOOL, WHOLE
COMMUNITY, WHOLE CHILD FRAMEWORK
OR WHISK TO GUIDE OUR WISK AND
WHISK IS A SOCIOLOGICAL
ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IF ORDER
FOR STUDENTS TO BE SUCCESSFUL
ACADEMICALLY, THEY NEED TO HAVE
THEIR BASIC NEEDS MET FIRST
INCLUDING FEELING SAFE, ENGAGED,
SUPPORTED, CHALLENGED AND
HEALTHY.
AND THIS APPROACH PROMOTES
EQUITY BY ACKNOWLEDGING THAT
STUDENTS HAVE DIFFERENT NEEDS
AND STUDENTS--AND SCHOOLS CAN
ADAPT THIS FRAMEWORK TO BEST
ADDRESS THESE NEEDS.
SO I KNOW WE DON'T HAVE TIME TO
SHOW THE VIDEO TODAY BUT I WANT
TO SHARE IT WITH THE GROUP IN
THE HOPE THAT YOU WOULD TAKE 5
MINUTES LATER TODAY OR NEXT
WEEK, IT WAS CREATED BY THE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF--
>> I NEED TO WILL YOU THAT THE
SLIDES DON'T SEEM TO BE
SHIFTING.
>> OH.
>> I KNOW THIS IS 1 OF THE
COMMON PROBLEMS WE TRY WHEN WE
TRY TO SHARE SLIDES.
SO WHAT DO YOU SEE.
>> THATYA FINE, I THINK YOU
SOLVED IT.
>> SO THAT'S THE WHISK
FRAMEWORK, HERE'S A SLIDE OF THE
VIDEO, DOES THAT WORK?
>> IT'S WORKING.
>> EXCELLENT.
THIS REALLY JUST SHOWS WHAT
WSCC LOOKS LIKE IN ACTION, WE
DON'T HAVE TIME TO SHOW IT DEAD
BUT WE'RE HOPING THAT PEOPLE
WILL TAKE TIME TO SEE WHAT THIS
LOOKS LIKE IN A SCHOOL SETTING.
THE NEXT SLIDE I HOPE IS SHOWING
IS A MAP OF THE STAKES WE
CURRENTLY FUND, SO WE CURRENTLY
FUND 16 STATE EDUCATION
AGENCIES, WHICH IS A LITTLE BIT
DIFFERENT THAN OTHER UNITS AT
CDC THAT CORRECTLY FUND STATE
HEALTH DEPARTMENTS, OUR FUNDING
GOES DIRECTLY TO THE SATIETY
NEURONS EDUCATION AGENCIES TO
WORK WITH SCHOOL DISTRICTS, IN
THEIR STATES TO IMPLEMENT
POLICIES, PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS
THAT PUT THE WSCC PROGRAM INTO
ACTION AND WE HAVE A PARTICULAR
INTEREST IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND ACTIVITY, HEALTH EDUCATION,
THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FOOD
PROVIDED IN SCHOOL AND SCHOOL
OUT OF TIME, AND HELPING TO
SUSTAIN SCHOOL HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE STATE,
DISTRICT AND SCHOOL LEVEL.
WITH RESPECT TO NUTRITION, WE
TAKE A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO
SCHOOL NUTRITION AND WE WORK TO
ADDRESS THE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT
STUDENT HAVE ACCESS TO FOODS AND
BEVERAGES DURING THE SCALE DAY,
AIMED TO INSURE THEY SEE AND
HEAR MESSAGES ABOUT GOOD
NUTRITION AND THAT THEY HAVE
OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN ABOUT
IMPACTS OF HEALTHY EATING.
SO YOU SEE SCHOOL LISTED ON THIS
WHEEL, WE SEE THAT TO AREAS WITH
THEY HAVE ACCESS TO FOOD AND
BEVERAGES, AND SCHOOL STORES,
FUNDRAISERS, WE TALK ABOUT
INSURING THAT STUDENT VS ACCESS
TO FREE DRINKING WATER DURINGLET
SCHOOL DAY, THAT THE FOOD AND
BEV RAMMING MARKETING
ENVIRONMENT IN SCHOOL IS
PROMOTING GOOD NUTRITION AND
HEALTH.
SO WE REAMLY DO ASK OUR GRAND
GRANTEES TO THINK ABOUT SCHOOL
NUTRITION IN A VERY BROADWAY.
I KNOW THAT WE'RE SHORT ON TIME.
SO I WILL WRAP BY JUST SAYING IN
THAT, WE HAVE 2 SCHOOL BASED
SURVEY SYSTEMS WE OPERATE OUT OF
CDC ON THE SCHOOL HEALTH PROFILE
SYSTEM AND THE YOUTH RESK
BEHAVIOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM.
WE HAVE INDICATORS FROM THOSE
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS THAT ARE
STATES USE TO MEASURE THEIR
PROGRESS IN THEIR WORK, HOWEVER
THERE ARE LIMITATIONS TO EACH OF
THOSE SYSTEMS AND SO OUR STATES
ALSO HAVE MORE COMPREHENSIVE
EVALUATION PLANS WHERE THEY CAN
GET INTO MORE DETAIL ABOUT WHAT
THEY'RE DOING AND THE PROGRESS
THEY'RE HAVING, AND SO 1 OF THE
LIMITATIONS THAT I WILL SHARE IS
OUR SCHOOL HEALTH PROFILE SYSTEM
THAT MEASURES POLICIES AND
PRACTICES, IN ACROSS THE
WSCC FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTHY
SCHOOLS, IT ONLY ADDRESSES THOSE
POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF THE
SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SO WE
DON'T HAVE A WAY TO MEASURE
WHAT'S GOING ON IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL SETTINGS WHICH IS WHERE A
LOT OF THIS WORK IS TAKING
PLACE.
SO I WILL END THERE.
BUT APPRECIATE BEING PART OF
THIS CONVERSATION TODAY, THANKS
FOR HAVING ME.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH INDEED
CAITLIN, THAT'S VERY CLEAR AND
EXCITING TO SEE ALL THIS
ACTIVITY GOING ON ACROSS THE
U.S.
AND I'M GOING TO MOVE ON NOW TO
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS
NIEGZATION TO [INDISCERNIBLE] AM
I SEEING YOU POPPING UP HERE, DO
WE KNOW IF THEY'VE JOINED
ALREADY?
NOA?
THEN I WILL MOVE ON TO
BIBI [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM THE
AGENCY WITH GIVE US AN AFRICAN
UNION PERSPECTIVE ON THE
BOND-KIDS DISCUSSION.
BIBI.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DON, AND
THANK YOU TO ALL OF THE PREVIOUS
SPEAKERS, I AM BIBI GIYOSE, I AM
ACTUALLY THE SENIOR ADVISOR FOR
NUTRITION AND FOOD SYSTEMS.
FUNDED BY FAO, HQ TO AFRICAN
[INDISCERNIBLE] DEVELOPMENT
AGENCY, TO SUPPORT THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND
SOPHISTICATED SUPPORT THE
PROBLEMS ON THE GROUND.
JUST A BACKGROUND OF THEAD WHAT,
IT IS THE IMPLEMENTING ARM OF
THE AFRICAN UNION.
SO IT LOOKS AT TRANSLATING
POLICIES TO PROGRAMS AND TO
TRACKING THE PERFORMANCE.
SO IN TERMS OF WHAT WE HAVE DONE
UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
[INDISCERNIBLE] DEVELOP AFRICAN
PROGRAM.
[AUDIO CUTS OUT ] ACTUALLY A
LINKED PROGRAM THAT LOOKS AT THE
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
IN THIS REGARD, WE THROUGH THE
PROGRAM, WHICH WAS STUDIED IN
2003, WITH ONLY 12 COUNTRIES,
NOW I'M HAPPY TO SAY THAT WE
HAVE OVER 40 COUNTRIES THAT HAVE
SIGNED UP TO THE HOME GROWN
SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAM.
IT HAS BEEN DECLARED BY THE
AFRICAN UNION COUNTRIES TO ROLL
THE PROGRAM OUT TO ALL THE 55
MEMBER STATES.
THE WHOLE FOODS FEEDING PROGRAM
IS 1 OF THE 7 FLAGSHIP AREAS
THAT FALLS UNDER THE NUTRITION
AND FOOD SYSTEMS PROGRAM WHICH
INCLUDE MATERNAL AND CHILD
NUTRITION, SO IN THIS REGARD, WE
ARE WORKING CLOSELY WITH THE
MINISTRIES OF HEALTH AND THE
MINISTRIES OF SOCIAL WELFARE OR
SOCIAL PROTECTION.
THE SECOND AREA YOU KNOW IS
INDEED HOME GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING
PROGRAM.
THE HOME GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING
PROGRAMS, OBJECTIVES AS
MENTIONED BY CARMEN, IS TO LINK
[INDISCERNIBLE] FARMER'S
PRODUCTION SO THAT THEY HAVE THE
READY MARKET THROUGH THE SCHOOL
FEEDING PROGRAM.
THE SECOND THING THAT YOU KNOW
THE PROGRAM INTENDS TO DO, IS TO
LOOK AT THE QUALITY OF SCHOOL
MEALS AND UNFORTUNATELY, WE HAVE
NOT BEEN ABLE TO HAVE DATA AND
EVIDENCE THAT CAN HELP US DESIGN
AND TRANSLATE THE POLICIES INTO
THIS PROGRAMS, SO IT HAS BEEN
DONE IN A SORT OF HAPHAZARD WAY
IF I MAY SAY BUT WE'VE BEEN
WORKING THROUGH THE AFRICAN
UNION, SCHOOL FEEDING
[INDISCERNIBLE] TO WORK ON
GUIDELINES THAT WERE LAUNCHED
LAST YEAR DURING THE AFRICAN
[INDISCERNIBLE] FOR SCHOOL
FEEDING ON MARCH 1.
AND LATER TODAY, LET METRICS
JUST SAY, WE ALSO TRY TO WORK ON
DIETARY DIVERSITY, BECAUSE WE
RECOGNIZE THAT IN TERMS OF THE
QUALITY OF MEALS IN AFFRIC AWE
ARE STILL VERY MUCH LACKING IN
TERMS OF NUTRIENT RICH FOODS SO
NOW WE HAVE AS PART OF THE 7
FLAGSHIPS, WE HAVE THE PROBLEM
THAT ADDRESSES MICRONUTRIENT
DEFICIENCIES, THEN WE ARE ALSO,
BECAUSE WE'RE CHALLENGED BY FOOD
SAFETY ISSUES, YES, ANOTHER
FLAGSHIP IS ON FOOD SAFETY,
STANDARDS AND HARMONIZATION OF
SUCH STANDARDS, SO WE ALREADY
HAVE GUIDELINES THAT ARE GOING
TO THE [INDISCERNIBLE] LINK, THE
QUALITY OF SCHOOL MEALS AND
THEIR SAFETY TO ALL THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] ISSUES.
AS YOU WELL KNOW, AFRICA HAS
BEEN HARDEST HIT BY COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES, HIV/AIDS, EBOLA,
COVID, AND THEN MANY OTHERS SO
WE WORK ACROSS TO SUPPORT AND TO
TRY AND LINK NUTRITIONAL FOR
THESE PANDEMICS IN ORDER TO
PREVENT AND
COMMUNICATE--MITIGATE AND TO
SUPPORT AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST,
WE'RE ALSO CONCERNED ABOUT THE
GROWING LEVELS OF OVERWEIGHT AND
OBESITY, BOTH FOR THE CHILDREN
AND FOR THE WOMEN.
IF I MAY GIVE AN EXAMPLE, IN
SOUTH AFRICA MORE THAN PEA% OF
WOMEN ARE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE.
THIS IS A WORRYING STATISTIC.
SO I'M HOPING AND BELIEVING THAT
THROUGH BOND-KIDS WE SHALL BE
ABLE TO ASSESS, COLLECT DATA,
ACROSS THIS IN SUPPORT OF THE
DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS THAT WE
ALREADY HAVE.
LIKE I SAID, WE HAVE BEEN THE
GUIDELINES, WE HAVE THE
[INDISCERNIBLE], WE HAVE THE
AFRICAN [INDISCERNIBLE]
STRATEGY, THAT WORK ALTOGETHER,
WOE HOLD IN THE CONTEXT OF HOW
WE ORGANIZE WE HAVE APEX, THE
AFRICAN UNION, WHOSE ANSWER,
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] COMMUNITIES.
SO OUR WORK WE DON'T IMPLEMENT
DIRECTLY AS SUCH, SO WE DO OUR
[INDISCERNIBLE] THROUGH
COMMUNITIES TRICKLING DOWN TO
THE COUNTRY LEVEL.
I AM VERY MUCH AFRAID TO SAY, WE
REALLY HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO
COLLECT THE KIND OF DATA THAT WE
NEED, HOWEVER, WE'VE BEEN
WORKING IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR
AFRICAN RESEARCH AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] TO HELP US IN
THE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF
WHAT KIND OF INFORMATION WE
NEED, WHAT ARE THE GAPS, AND
WHAT IS GOING TO BE THE
TRANSLATION OF SUCH TO MEASURE
IMPACT AND COVERAGE.
SO I WOULD JUST LIKE TO END BY
SAYING, THIS YEAR HAS BEEN
[INDISCERNIBLE] BY THE AFRICAN
UNION AS THE YEAR FOR NUTRITION
IN AFFRIC ASO I BELIEVE WE SHALL
BE ABLE TO LEVERAGE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO STRENGTHEN OUR
PROGRAMMING AND TO STRENGTHEN
THE HOME GROWING SCHOOL FEEDING
PROGRAM AND THANKS TO THE
PARTNERS THAT WE WORK WITH, DON
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND PC D, AND
THE GCNF IN YOU KNOW HAVING SOME
BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND COLLECTING
SOME BASE LINE DATA SO THAT
WE'RE ABLE TO REALLY UNDERSTAND
WHERE COUNTRIES ARE, HOW WE CAN
SUPPORT THEM AND REALLY HOW WE
CAN BUILD THE EVIDENCE AND
TRANSLATE ALL THE WORK.
OVER TO YOU DON, THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH BIBI, AND
THANK YOU FOR POINTING OUT THE
ROLE OF THE AFRICAN NUTRITION
SOCIETY AND THE NETWORK OF
NUTRITIONISTS IN AFRICA IN
THINKING FORWARD TO PHASE 2 IN
THIS--IN BOND-KIDS.
I'M TOLD THAT [INDISCERNIBLE]
HAS JOINED US FROM W. H. O. SO
[INDISCERNIBLE] IF YOU'RE--ARE
YOU ABLE TO PUT ON YOUR CAMERA
AND JOIN US?
>> YEAH, THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
>> GOOD MORNING, GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE.
HONESTLY, I AM NOMINATED BY
[INDISCERNIBLE] TO ATTEND
TODAY'S MEETING IN THE AREA OF
THE FACT THAT I SHOULD PRESENT
SOMETHING AS A PANELIST SO I
DON'T HAVE ANYTHING PREPARED,
AND IT SEEMS W. H. O. IS NOT AN
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY, THE TYPE OF
PRESENTATION THAT ARE GIVEN BY
OTHER PANELISTS, I THINK WE
DON'T HAVE ANYTHING TO PRESENT
THAT, BUT I WAS LOOKING AT THE
E-MAIL THAT WAS SENT TO US AND
IT--THE FIRST BULLET TALKS ABOUT
THE BREFLY DISCUSS HOW THE
RESPECTIVE AGENCIES MAKE
DECISIONS ABOUT THE NEED, IF YOU
ALLOW ME 2 OR 3 MINUTES, I CAN
JUST SAY A FEW WORDS ON THAT.
>> GO AHEAD, THAT'S GREAT.
>> SO LET ME INTRODUCE MYSELF
I'M A TECHNICAL OFFICER WORKING
IN THE NUTRITION AND FOOD SAFETY
DEPARTMENT OF W. H. O. IN
GENEVA.
IN TERMS OF DECISION MAKING, I
THINK DECISION MAKING AT W. H.
O. IS A VERY COMPLEX PROCESS.
AT HIGHER LEVEL OR
ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL, THE WORLD
HEALTH ARK SEMESTER BLE IS THE
DECISION MAKING BODY.
IT IS ATTENDED BY DELEGATIONS
FROM ALL W. H. O. MEMBERS, AS
YOU KNOW.
AND THEY BASICALLY FOCUS ON,
SPECIFIC HEALTH AGENDA PREPARED
BY THE EXECUTIVE BOLD, THE
EXECUTIVE BOARD IN ITS ANNUAL
MEETING PREPARE THE AGENDA FOR
THE W. H. O. ASSEMBLY AND THE
RESOLUTIONS THAT ARE TO BE TAKEN
BY THE HEALTH ASSEMBLY.
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD
ARE TO IMPLEMENT THE DECISIONS
AND POLICIES OF THE HEALTH
ASSEMBLY AND ALSO ADVISE AND
PROVIDE SUPPORT.
SO ANOTHER ESSENTIAL PIECE THAT
W. H. O. HAS IS THE GENERAL
PROGRAM OF WORK, THE 13th
GENERAL PROGRAM OF WORK, DEFINES
WHICH IS THE CURRENT 1, IT
DEFINES, THE STRATEGY FOR THE 5
YEARS PERIOD.
--AND IS BASED ON W. H. O.'S
GLOBAL PROGRAM OF WORK AS WELL
AS NATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES AND
PLANS AND THE STRATEGY SUPPORTS
COLLABORATES WITH OTHER
DEPARTMENTS AND ACROSS THE
ORGANIZATION AND ALSO WITH
EXTERNAL PARTNERS, BY COUNTRY
NEEDS AND PRIORITIES AND SUPPORT
THEM TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOAL.
REGARDING NUTRITION WORK, I
THINK DECISIONS ARE MADE BASED
ON THE DEMAND FROM THE MEMBER
STATES, MAINLY FROM THE DEMANDS
BY THE MEMBER STATES AS WELL AS
NEED.
THE COUNTRY SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
INCLUDING PROVIDING TECHNICAL
SUPPORT TO COUNTRIES, ARE
LARGELY BASED ON THE REQUESTS OF
COUNTRIES.
WHILE STRENGTHENING NUTRITION
INFORMATION SYSTEM WHO IS THE
CONTINUOUS DEMAND OF SEVERAL
MEMBER STATES, THE USEFULNESS OF
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TOOLS FOR
GLOBAL MONITORING, POLICIES AND
LEGISLATION SUCH AS MARKETING
BMAs, SUGAR SWEETENED
BEVERAGE, REDUCTION OF SALTS AND
TRANS[INDISCERNIBLE], ET CETERA
ARE MAINLY NEED BASED.
IN RELATION TO MONITORING, I
WOULD LIKE TO MEPGZ THAT WE HAVE
AN ADVISORY GROUP CALLED
TECHNICAL EXPERT ADVISORY GROUP
ON NUTRITION MONITORING WHICH IS
KNOWN AS [INDISCERNIBLE], AND
THIS IS W. H. O. GROUP, AND IT
IS NOT VERY STRAIGHT FORWARD,
BUT THE TEAM WORK PLAN IS A GOOD
EXAMPLE OF HYBRID MODEL OF
DEMAND AND NEED BASED ON
POSITION, MAKING FOR PROPRIETARY
AREAS.
THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF TEAM WORK
WAS PLANNED MAINLY TO DEVELOP
OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE FOR GLOBAL
MONITORING FRAMEWORK, AND ALSO
THE RULES FOR TRACKING PROGRESS
TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
NUTRITION, THE GLOBAL NUTRITION
TARGETS.
>> THANK YOU.
>> AND THE DEMAND FROM THE
MEMBERS STATEMENT FROM THAT TIME
BUT OVERTIME TEAMS CURRENT
WORKPLACE INCLUDED SEVERAL ITEMS
THAT ARE BASICALLY THE NEED FOR
THE PRESENT TIME TO FULFILL THE
GAPS IN NUTRITION PROJECTION
MONITORING.
>> SO THIS IS ALL WHAT I CAN
SAY, I DON'T KNOW IF THESE IS
USEFUL FOR W. H. O.'S DECISION
MAKING PROGRESS OR IF IT'S MORE
CONFUSION, SO THANK YOU VERY
MUCH FOR THE OPPORTUNITY AGAIN.
I LOOK FORWARD TO LEARNING ABOUT
THIS GROUP MORE.
>> THANK YOU.
THANK YOU FOR ENGAGING ON THESE
TOPICS, I'M GETTING A MESSAGE
THAT WE HAVE TIME TO GO BACK TO
EACH OF OUR PRESENTERS FOR A 1
MINUTE FEEDBACK.
SO I'M GOING TO ASK YOU, I THINK
IN AN EARLIER E-MAIL WE ASK YOU
IF YOU COULD FROM YOUR AGENCY
PERSPECTIVE, IESHES DENTIFY THE
1 KEY OUTPUT FROM BOND KIDS THAT
YOU THOUGHT MIGHT BE MOST
IMPORTANT TO YOUR WORK GOING
FORWARD.
THE 1 KEY OUTPUT AND AND IF WE
COULD DO THAT IN A MINUTE, THAT
WOULD BE GREAT AND I WILL ASK
YOU TO DO THAT IN THE ORD
THEY'RE YOU SPOKE, SO THAT'S
STARTING THEN WITH DIANE, IF I
CAN ASK YOU TO ANSWER THAT
QUESTION, PLEASE.
>> THANK YOU DON AND THANKS
EVERYBODY FOR THE EXCELLENT
PRESENTATIONS.
I LIKE ALL THE SYNERGY THAT
WE'RE GOING TO HAVE, SO FOR US
IN THE [INDISCERNIBLE], I THINK
THE KEY OUTCOME OF INTEREST IS
THE ABILITY TO MEASURE
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INDIVIDUAL
CHILDREN AND THAT WOULD ALSO
ALLOW US TO UNDERSTAND MORE AT
THE SCHOOL POPULATION LEVEL, HOW
THE CHILDREN ARE DOING, AT THE
START AND THEN THE ABILITY TO
REFINE HOW WE DESIGN THE PROGRAM
BASED ON THAT KNOWLEDGE AND THEN
TO EVENTUALLY MEASURE OUTCOMES
OF INTEREST SUCH AS NUTRITIONAL
STATUS AND SO FORTH, SO, THAT
ACTUALLY WAS THE INITIAL REASON
THAT WE'RE VERY INTERESTED IN
ENGAGING IN THIS WORK.
SO, THAT IS REALLY--THERE ARE A
LOT OF OTHER THINGS THAT ARE OF
INTEREST TO US BUT ISSUES
SPECIALLY THAT.
>> GREAT.
SUPER.
SUPER DIANE.
I'M GOING TO ASK DEEPIKA TO
ANSWER THE SAME QUESTION,
PLEASE.
>> SURE.
I FEEL THAT ALL OF US ARE GOING
TO EQUAL SIMILAR THINGS BECAUSE
WE ALL ARE INTERESTED IN
PROGRAMMATIC IMPROVEMENT BUT 1
KEY FROM OUR SITE IS THAT SINCE
WE HAVE OBSERVED THAT THERE IS A
MISMATCH IN NOMENCLATURE OF EACH
CATEGORY, LIKE DEFINING MIDDLE
CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENTS, AND
ADULTHOOD WHICH CREATES A LOT OF
CONFUSION AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL,
ESPECIALLY AMONG THE GOVERNMENTS
OF THE PARTNERS, FOR INSTANCE
THE W. H. O. DEFINES ADOLESCENT
ENDING AT 19 YEARS AND IN SOME
COUNTRIES WHAT STARTED AT 18
YEARS WHICH MEANS THAT SOMETIMES
ADULT BMI MAY BE APPLIED TO THIS
AGE GROUP AND IN ADDITION, MANY
GLOBAL ESTIMATES MAY BE APPLIED
TO THE ADOLESCENT POPULATION, SO
THERE'S A HUGE MISMATCH AND I
THINK 1 EXPECTED--1 REQUEST
EXPECTED OUTCOME WOULD BE TO
ALIGN DEFINITION AND CUT OFFS,
SO THAT COUNTRIES HAVE MORE
DIRECTION AND GOVERNMENTS ARE
ABLE TO INCORPORATE THOSE
STANDARDIZE CUT-OFFS INTO THE
MONITORING TOOLS AND EVALUATION
TOOLS.
OVER, THANKS, DON.
>> SUPER, THAT'S VERY HELPFUL
PIECE OF GUIDANCE, MUCH
APPRECIATED.
CARMEN?
>> I JUST FIRST OF ALL WANT TO
ECHO BOTH DIANE AND DEEPIKA'S
COMMENTS SO I WON'T REPEATA THAT
SIDE, MAYBE I JUDGE UTV WANT TO
SAY ALSO ON BEHALF OF THE
OPERATIONAL AGENCIES HERE, WE DO
NEED TO BE ABLE TO MEASURE THE
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL
AGED CHILDREN OF ADOLESCENTS BUT
IN SUCH A WAY THAT IS PRACTICAL
TO BE DONE ESPECIALLY IN LOW
INCOME CONTEXT AND FRAGILE
CONTEXTS.
SO ASIDE FROM INDICATORS AND
THAT COULD BE MEASURED IN
VARIOUS WAYS, WE HOPE THAT THE
PRACTICALITY OF THIS AND THE
ARBSORBING THIS IN LOW CAPACITY
SETTINGS IS CONSIDERED.
THANK YOU.
>> SUPER THAT HAD EXTRA
DIMENSION TO IT.
CAITLIN?
>> SURE, I ECHO WHAT OTHER FOLKS
HAVE SHARED, I THINK THAT WOULD
BENEFIT US AS WELL AND IT WOULD
JUST ADD MEASURES THAT WOULD
ALLOW US TO ARK SESES POLICIES,
PRACTICES, AND NUTRITIONAL
STATUS, AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
LEVEL WOULD DEFINITELY BENEFIT
OUR WORK AS WELL.
>> SUPER, THANK YOU CAITLIN.
BIBI.
>> THANK YOU, DON.
I THINK--WE HAVE [INDISCERNIBLE]
SORT OF OUTPUT BUT 1 KEY OUTPUT
FORM FOR US, FOR ME, THAT IS
VERY IMPORTANT, YOU KNOW IS THE
FACT THAT WE NEED TO
[INDISCERNIBLE] PRODUCE MAKERS
AS WE WOULD LIKE TO BUILD
CAPACITY AND ALSO INSURING THAT
WE HAVE THE RIGHT ADVOCACY
APPROACHES.
ONE OF WHICH IS VERY IMPORTANT,
WORKING WITH THE PAN-AFRICAN
PARLIAMENT AND THE
PARLIAMENTARIANS THEREOF, TO
HELP US SHAPE AND YOU KNOW
INSURE THAT THERE ARE ADEQUATE
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS BASED ON THE
EVIDENCE THAT YOU ARE GOING TO
BE GENERATING.
THANK YOU NTHANK YOU.
AND AGAIN A VERY PRACTICAL
CONTRIBUTION.
KUNTALL, CAN YOU FINISH US OFF
ON THIS 1.
>> THANKS, I WILL ECHO THE OTHER
PANELISTS IN TERMS OF ANY
IMPROVEMENT IN MEASUREMENT OF,
YOU KNOW THE MEASUREMENT IN
PARTICULAR OF SCHOOL AGED
CHILDREN.
BECAUSE, THERE IS AN INDICATOR
THAT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENTS BUT THERE ARE A LOT
OF PROBLEMS THAT COMES UP DUE TO
AVAILABILITY AND DEFINITION OF
THESE GROUPS, ET CETERA AND ANY
IMPROVEMENT IN THAT AREA WILL BE
REALLY USEFUL BECAUSE THIS IS 1
OF THE INDICATORS INTERMEDIATE
INDICATORS THAT IS INCLUDED IN
THE GLOBAL MONITORING FRAMEWORK
THAT INCLUDES THE GLOBAL
NUTRITION TARGETS TO BE ACHIEVED
BY 2025.
OVER.
>> GREAT.
THANK YOU SO MUCH AND I'M REALLY
STRUCK BY THE COINCIDENCE, THE
SYNERGY AMONGST THE VIEWS THAT
HAVE BEEN EXPRESSED THERE.
I THINK THAT'S A GREAT MENU, A
GREAT SHOPPING LIST FOR THE BOND
KIDS TEAM TO TAKE--TO TAKE
FORWARD.
THIS HAS BEEN A REALLY GOOD
SESSION.
I'VE APPRECIATED ALL OF THE
INPUTS FROM THE DIFFERENT
AGENCIES.
AND IT STARTS US OFF AS I NOW
HAND OVER TO I THINK TO CONNIE
WEAVER, CHAIR OF THE WORKING
GROUP 1 TO LAUNCH THE BOND-KIDS
WORKSHOP SEQUENCE.
SO THANK YOU ALL FOR
PARTICIPATING, FIRST LET ME
THANK ALL THE PANELISTS FOR
MAKING THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS AND
FOR FITTING INTO THIS VERY TIGHT
TIME SCHEDULE, VERY MUCH
APPRECIATED.
I KNOW YOU'VE ALL HAD TO GO AN
EXTRA MILE TO FIT IN ON THIS,
BUT THEN LET ME ALSO THANK ALL
THOSE WHO JOINED US ONLINE AND
THEN NOW HAND IT OVER TO CONNIE
TO TAKE US FORWARD INTO THE
WORKSHOP 1 SESSION.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, DON.
THIS WAS A VERY WONDERFUL
SESSION.
I ORIGINALLY HAD ON THE AGENDA
THAT DAN AND ALLISON WERE GOING
TO DO AN INTRODUCTION, THEY JUST
HAD AN HOURE TO INTRODUCE, SO
DAN DID YOU WANT TO SAY ANYTHING
BEFORE WE GET STARTED.
>> ALL I WANT TO SAY IS TO THANK
DON AND THE PANEL FOR GETTING US
OFF TO A GREAT START.
WHAT WAS SHARED BY THE PANEL IS
OPEN FOR CONVERSATION AS WE MOVE
FORWARD, WE DIDN'T HAVE A LOT OF
OPPORTUNITY TO GET QUESTIONS
FROM THE CHAT ROOM OR FROM THE
PUBLIC FACING WEBINAR.
BUT WE--WE ARE VERY ANXIOUS TO
CONTINUE TO ENGAGE ALL THE
PANELISTS MOVING FORWARD.
THIS NEXT STEP IS GOING TO BE
THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF 4 THAT
WE'VE DISCUSSED, THIS IS WORKING
GROUP 1, AGAIN WE TALKED ABOUT
THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
ECOLOGY.
CONNIE WEAVER IS SHARING WORKING
GROUP 1 WHICH IS FOCUSED ON
INTERNAL ECOLOGY, THAT IS THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL
STATUS AND SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL
DOMAIN, SO I WILL TURN IT OVER
TO CONNIE UNLESS DREW HAS
ANYTHING ELSE TO ADD
LOGISTICALLY OR OTHERWISE.
>> I ALSO WANT TO ECHO MY
PROFOUND APPRECIATION AND
GRATITUDE FOR TON AND EVERYONE
WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE LAST
HOUR; YOU KNOW OUR GOAL IS TO
MAKE THIS MATTER, SO WE REALLY
DO APPRECIATE THE INPUT.
FOR THOSE ATTENDING VIA
VIDEOCAST, PLEASE DO FEEL FREE
TO SUBMIT COMMENTS AND
QUESTIONS.
IF WE CAN'T GET TO THEM IN
REALTIME, I WANT TO ASSURE YOU
THAT THEY'RE BEING CAPTURED AND
AS WE MOVE FORWARD, WE WILL TRY
TO ADDRESS THOSE AND MAKE SURE
TO ADDRESS THEM AS WE WILL
REPORT BACK.
WE TAKE YOUR COMMENTS AND YOUR
QUESTIONS AND THEY'RE VERY
IMPORTANT TO US THAT WE HEAR
FROM YOU.
AND WITH THAT, AGAIN, I JUST
WANT TO THANK DAN FOR LAUNCHING
THIS PROJECT AND FOR GETTING US
TO WHERE WE ARE TODAY.
CONNIE, I WILL PASS IT BACK TO
YOU.
>> GREAT.
DO YOU SEE MY SLIDE OF THE
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS.
YES, GREAT, I WAS HOPING THAT
WORKED.
WELL IT'S SUCH A PRIVILEGE TO BE
HERE AND A PRIVILEGE TO WORK
WITH THIS WONDERFUL SET OF
COMMITTEE MEMBERS THAT YOU SEE
ON THE SCREEN.
THEIR BIOGRAPHIES ARE AVAILABLE
BUT YOU WILL HEAR DIRECTLY FROM
MANY OF THEM, MOST OF THEM
ACTUALLY.
WE HAVE BEEN WORKING DILIGENTLY
TO GET STARTED ON OUR ASSIGNMENT
WITH GREAT GUIDANCE FROM DAN
RAITEN, ALLISON STEIBER AND
CHRISTINA [INDISCERNIBLE].
SO APPRECIATE THEM.
OUR REPORT OUTLINE IN DRAFT FORM
IS GOING TO BE IN THE NEXT
SEVERAL SLIDES.
AND I HOPE THAT MEMBERS OF OTHER
WORKING GROUPS AND WHAT NOT WILL
GIVE US FEEDBACK FOR IF THERE'S
ANYTHING THAT YOU SEE
DIFFERENTLY THAT WE SHOULD
CONSIDER.
SO OF COURSE WE WILL START WITH
JUSTIFICATION, SCOPE AND
ORIENTATION OF THE REPORT THAT
WILL CONSIDER THINGS FROM THE
U.S. PERSPECTIVE AND THEN
GLOBALLY AND--
>> CONNIE?
>> YES.
>> IT'S PROBABLY MY FAULT, WE
SHOULD HAVE PROBABLY MADE IT
CLEAR WHAT THESE WORKING GROUPS
MEETINGS ARE INTENDED TO
ACCOMPLISH, SO JUST A COUPLE OF
BRIEF STATEMENTS ABOUT THAT,
CONNIE GOING TO AND HER GROUP
WILL GO THROUGH THE OUTLINE FOR
THE REPORT.
EACH OF THE WORKING GROUPS THAT
WE'VE IDENTIFIED, THE 4 WORKING
GROUPS WILL BE DEVELOPING A
REPORT.
THEY'VE GONE THROUGH A PROCESS,
AND THESE WORKSHOPS ARE INTENDED
TO SUPPORT THAT PROCESS, IT'S
NOT END OF THE PROCESS, IT'S
JUST THAT, YOU KNOW PART OF THE
PROCESS.
SO THESE WORKSHOPS ARE INTENDED
FOR THE WORKING GROUPS TO GET
TOGETHER AMONGST THEMSELVES.
IT'S INTENDED FOR THE WORKING
GROUPS, ALL FORWARD GROUPS TO
HEAR FROM EACH OTHER SO TO
INFORM AND BE INFORMED BY EACH
OTHER SO THAT WE ARE
COMPREHENSIVE IN OUR COVERAGE,
AND ARE AVOIDING REDUNDANCY, SO
WHAT YOU WILL HEAR TODAY FROM
CONNIE AND HER TEAM IS WHAT
THEY'VE BEEN DOING TO DATE TO
DEVELOP THEIR REPORT.
SO THANK YOU CONNIE, SORRY.
>> YES, THANK YOU, DAN, AND SO
AS HE SAID, WE'RE AT THE
BEGINNING SO WE WELCOME INPUT.
THE WORKING GROUP CHAIRS HAVE
AGREED ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
TO APPROACH AND WITH EACH OF OUR
SYSTEMS, WE GOING TO GIVE SOME
ATTENTION TO SEX AND RACE AND
ETHNICITY AND THE CLINICAL
VERSES HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, THEN
WE WILL COVER THE REEL KEEPSAKES
VAPT SYSTEMS AND YOU WILL HEAR
FROM THE OTHER WORKING GROUP
COMMITTEE MEMBERS ON THESE
VARIOUS AREAS, TODAY ON
ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE GROWTH,
LINEAR DEVELOPMENT, BODY
COMPOSITION, NEURODEVELOPMENT,
INCLUDING COGNITION LEARNING,
BEHAVIOR, BIOLOGY OF THE EATING,
METABOLISM FROM A WHOLE BODY
POINT OF VIEW, THE GI FUNCTION
AND MICROBIOME, EXERCISE,
PHYSIOLOGY, WORK CAPACITY,
IMMUNO COMPETENCE, IMUMINGOLOGY
AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.
WE ARE GOING TO COVER THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM,
RELATIVE TO NUTRITIONAL GAPS,
WE'RE GOING TO THINK ABOUT
PROMOTING HARMONIZED AVERAGE
REQUIREMENTS, IT'S EASIER THAN
TRYING TO ADDRESS ALL OF THE
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES POINT OF
VIEW, AND LINDSAY ALLEN'S BEEN
INVOLVED IN HELPING PROMOTE,
HARMONIZE AVERAGE REQUIREMENTS
DURING OUR DISCUSSION, SHE WILL
GIVE US A LITTLE PERSPECTIVE ON
THAT.
WE'RE GOING TO INCLUDE A
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERSECTION
OF NUTRITION AND BIOLOGY AND
WRAP IT UP WITH SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSIONS.
THIS--THE NEXT 2 SLIDES SORT OF
ARE PICTORIAL VIEWS OF OUR
CONSENSUS FRAMEWORK.
SO IN THIS SLIDE, WE HAVE
SEVERAL CONCEPTS THAT WE'VE BEEN
DISCUSSING GREATLY IN OUR
WORKING GROUP AND WE WANT TO
PROJECT IN THE REPORT.
ALTHOUGH OUR ASSIGNMENT IS AGE
5-19, IT'S NOT IN ISOLATION, SO
WE ARE GOING TO POINT OUT THAT
THE FIRST THOUSAND DAYS, ARE
VERY CRITICAL FOR DEVELOPMENT
AND MATURATION OF MANY OF THIS
SYSTEM WITH ONLY SMALL INPUTS OF
PLASTICITY LATER.
AND THEN HAVE YOU THIS KIND OF
THIS PERIOD THAT'S PREPUBERTY
AND LOTS OF ACTION GOING ON
DURING THE PIEWBITTALIARYS IT
ALL DIFFERS BY SEX AND AGE AND
STATUS AND SO IT'S FLUID THESE
CUT OFFS AND THEN POST PUBERTY
AGAIN AS THE INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN
HAVE ACHIEVED PEAK BONE MASS SO
AT THE BOTTOM ARE THE SYSTEMS
THAT WE INTEND TO COVER IN OUR
REPORT AND--NOT THERE'S NOT
INTERACTION BUT MANY OF THESE
ARE WELL ESTABLISHED BY AGE 5
AND THEN HAVE YOU VERY RAPID
GROWTH DURING THE PIEWBITTAL
GROWTH SPURT AND THAT CAN REALLY
INFLUENCE THE BONE SYSTEM,
DEVELOPMENT, LINEAR GROWTH AND
MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT AND THEP POST
PUBERTY SEWHERE WE PUT THE
ASPECTS OF PIEWBITTAL HEALTH.
YOU'VE SEEN THIS EARLY FERRANDIS
DAN, THIS IS THE FIRST PART OF
THIS INTERACTIVE MODEL THAT
SHOWS NUTRITIONAL STATUS
INFLUENCES THESE OTHER SYSTEMS
BY THESE BROAD CATEGORIES AND
VICE VERSA, WE WILL ADDRESS
THOSE ISHT ACTIONS IN THE
CONTEXT OF DOUBLE BURDEN OF
DISEASE, THAT ALL COUNTRIES
ENCOUNTER, WHERE YOU HAVE UNDER
NUTRITION FOR SOME PARTS OF THE
POPULATION AND OVERNUTRITION FOR
OTHERS AND YOU MAY HAVE SOME
COMBINATION THAT PUTS YOU IN A
TRIPLE BURDEN WHERE YOU'RE NOT
SHORT OF CALORIES NECESSARILY
BUT YOU'RE SHORT OF
MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OR
YOU'RE SHORT OF CALORIES AND
YOU'RE SHORT OF MICRONUTRIENTS
AND THAT'S AN ADDITIONAL
PROBLEM.
SO THORS LAY THE STAGE FOR
AVERAGE NUTRIENT RIERPTS, THIS
FIGURE FROM 1 OF LINDSAY ALLEN'S
ARTICLES SHOWS THAT MOST
ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE THE
INTAKES FOR ADEQUACY USE SOME
VERSION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT,
THE EAR WITH THE IOM, OR AER FOR
EFSA, NASEM, ABOUT YOU IF WE CAN
HARMONIZE IT TO AN AVERAGE
REQUIREMENT AND THEN THE MARGIN
OF SAFETY THAT WILL COVER LIKE
98% OF THE POPULATION GIVES THE
RECOMMENDED INDIVIDUAL INTAKE
LEVEL AND IF YOU GET HIGHER THEN
HAVE YOU UPPER LEVEL RISKS OF
ADVERSE EFFECTS.
BUT CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE
BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOSOCIAL AND
COGNITIVE CHANGES THAT AFFECT
NUTRITIONAL STATUS, RAPID GROWTH
PERIODS INCREASE NUTRIENT NEEDS,
AND THEN YOU HAVE COMPLICATED
THIS BEHAVIORAL ASPECT WHERE
THERE'S A DESIRE FOR
INDEPENDENCE AND THAT'SENTIOUS
SPECIALLY STRONG IN ADOLESCENTS
WHICH MAY CAUSE ADOPTION OF
HEALTH COMPROMISING EATING
BEHAVIORS.
TO START WITH, THE NUTRITIONAL
PROFILE OF THE U.S., AND WE'LL
MOVE INTO GLOBAL, IN THE DARK
GREEN, YOU SEE DEFICIENCIES,
BELOW THE RECOMMENDED INTAKES
AND THE LIGHTER GREEN, THE
PERCENT OF THE POPULATION AT OR
ABOVE THE RECOMMENDATIONS, SO
YOU SEE VERY FEW PERCENT OF THE
POPULATION EXCEED THE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VEGETABLES
FOR FRUIT AND DAIRY, MOSTLY
SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN AND
BASICALLY ALL ADULTS FROM AGE 2
ARE WOEFULLY DEFICIENT IN THEIR
RECOMMENDED INTAKE OF THESE FOOD
GROUPS.
TOTAL GREENS WE MADE A BIT OF
IMPROVEMENT SINCE THE 2005
DIETARY GUIDELINES SWITCHING
SUMMARY BUT STILL INADEQUATE.
PROTEIN FOODS MUCH OF THE WORLD
IS ADEQUATE ALTHOUGH NOT ALL.
ONE STUDY THAT LOOKED AT THE
DIET IN AMERICAN CHILDREN AGE
8-18 IN THE U.S. EVALUATING THEM
BY DASH DIET SCORES WITH THESE 9
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES ON A SCALE
FROM 0 TO 9, SHOWED THAT THE
MEAN SCORES IN ALL OF THESE
RANGE FROM 1.48 TO 2.14, HOW
PATHETIC WHEN 9 IS IDEAL, IT'S
ALL LOW, AND WE DON'T REALLY
KNOW HOW TO WEIGHT THESE
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS WHICH ARE
THE MOST IMPORTANT,
SOPHISTICATEDY THERE'S A GAP IN
OUR KNOWLEDGE.
HERE'S ANOTHER LOOK AT
NUTRIENTS, THAT ARE ADEQUATE OR
INADEQUATE, POPULATION INTAKES
BELOW THE ESTIMATED AVERAGE
REQUIREMENT AND THE U.S. STILL,
SO VITAMINS D AND E ARE VERY
DEFICIENT ACCORDING TO THE
RECOMMENDATIONS, MAGNESIUM,
CALCIUM, VITAMIN A, C, ARE ALSO
NOT WHERE WE WOULD LIKE TO BE
AND SMALLER PROBLEMS WITH THE
REEOF THE EXCEPT FOR IN ISOLATED
POPULATIONS.
NOW TAKING A GLOBAL LOOK, I
WOULD LIKE THE DELTA MODEL
THAT'S OUT OF REDIT INSTITUTE AT
OF MASSIE UNIVERSITY IN
NEW ZEALAND THAT WAS RECENTLY
PUBLISHED AND WHAT THEY'RE
TRYING TO DO AND THIS SLIDE
DEPICTS THE ENERGY NUTRIENTS IN
A MOMENT, I WILL SHOW YOU
MICRONUTRIENTS, SOME EXAMPLES,
THEIR MODELING USING FAOSPIEZ
FOOD BALANCE SHEETS, WHAT IS THE
AVAILABILITY OF THESIS DIFFERENT
NUTRIENTS IN GLOBAL POPULATION.
AND IF YOU GO TO THEIR WEBSITE,
CAN YOU GET IT BY COUNTRY AS
WELL.
THE BLACK HORIZONTAL LINE SHOWS
YOU THE AVERAGE GLOBALLY AWAITED
AVERAGE VALUE, AND THE ERROR
BARS SHOW YOU THE UPPER AND
LOWER SAFE INTAKE VALUES, THEN
YOU HAVE THE COLOR CODE THAT
TELL YOU THE CATEGORIES OF FOODS
THAT SUPPLY THESE, SO THEY FIRST
MODELED THESE ENERGY NUTRIENTS
IN 2018, AND THEY ALSO HAVE
PROJECTED INTO 2030 BY THE
XEBTED INCREASE IN POPULATION,
SO, IN TERMS OF ENERGY
NUTRIENTS, WE ARE MEETING OUR
RECOMMENDATIONS BUT THAT'S
ASSUMING THAT YOU HAVE EQUAL
ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTION, BUT
THAT ISN'T THE CASE, BUT EVENT
BEYOND THAT LOOKING AT QUALITY,
LIMITING AMINE O ACIDS IS A
GLOBAL PROBLEM.
THERE'S A BIG GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL
AND PLANT PROTEINS, PARASITINGS
CAN INCREASE THE AMINO ARK SID
REQUIREMENTS, GUT INFLAMMATION,
REDUCES ABSORBAATIVE CAPACITY,
WE NEED TO CONSIDER ALL THESE
BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES LUCINE
ISSUE HAS THE STRONGEST
ASSOCIATION WITH LINEAR GROWTH
AND TRYPTOPHAN AFFECTS STUNTING
THE WORLD'S CHILDREN AND
INCREASES LYCINE BY TWEBT%.
IF YOU LOOK AT AMINO ACID AND
PROJECTIBILITY SCORES ON A SCALE
OF 0 TO 1.
ANIMAL PROTEINS AND FEW PLANT
PROTEINS LIKE SOY ARE CLOSE TO
THE IDEAL AMINO ACID PROFILE, OF
1 AND THEN HAVE YOU PROTEIN
SOURCES THAT SERVE MUCH THE
WORLD THAT ARE AS LOY AS HALF.
YOU CAN HAVE SOLUTIONS BY SO,
CALCIUM, WAS THE FIRST--BUT EVEN
IN COUNTRY WHERE IS YOU HAVE
HIGH TOTAL MILK COMSUMPTION, YOU
WOULD THINK THERE'S ADEQUATE
CALCIUM, THERE'S STILL SOME
POPULATIONS THAT ARE AT RISK,
INCLUDING 1 OF OUR ASK THAT CAN
HAVE CONSEQUENCES ISSUES
SPECIALLY WITH BONE, SO WE'VE
SEEN FIRST BY NEW ZEALAND IN
2004 THAT MILK AVOIDER CHILDREN
HAD IT MUCH HIGHER FRACTURE RISK
THAN THEIR BIRTH COHORTS THAT
WEREN'T MILL AVOIDERS.
LOOKING AT POTASSIUM AROUND THE
WORLD WITH THE RED BARS AS THE
ADEQUATE INTAKE FOR MALES AND
THE DASHED RED ADEQUATE INTAKE
FOR FEMALES AND COMPARE THAT
WITH 3500-MILLIGRAMS OF THE DAY
FOR THE W. H. O. RECOMMENDATION,
MOST OF THE COUNTRIES DO NOT
REACH THESE RECOMMENDATIONS AND
THE SAME WITH MAGNESIUM FOR
ADOLESCENTS.
BOYS IN BLUE ON TOP AND GIRL
ORANGE FOR GIRLS ON THE BOTTOM
WHERE THE AVERAGE IS IN THE
GREEN BAR, BOX AND THE DASH LINE
SHOW THE IOM RECOMMENDATION FOR
MAGNESIUM FOR BOYS AND GIRLS AND
MOST COUNTRIES FALL BELOW THAT.
VITAMIN D AROUND THE WORLD
GLOBALLY SHOWS ACCORDING TO 25
HYDROXY D VITAMIN STATUS, MANY
COUNTRIES DO NOT ACHIEVE THE
RECOMMENDED STATUS LEVELS AND
THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER
SEASONAL VARIATION LATITUDE, UV,
B RADIATION BY HABITS LIKE
COVERING OR SUNSCREEN OR EVERY
SORTS OF THINGS.
AND THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER
BIOAVAILABILITY.
MOSTLY WE'VE TALKED ABOUT TOTAL
NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND IT CAN
BE LOW FOR MANY MICRONUTRIENTS
AND THEN IT CAN GET WORSE FOR
BIOAVAILABILITY.
SOME ALGORITHMS HAVE BEEN
ESTIMATED FROM BIOAVAILABILITY
FROM THE FOOD SUPPLY, THIS 1
SHOWS NONHEME IRON IN SOME
ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE FOR ZINC.
SO NOT TOO MANY NUTRIENTS HAVE
BEEN PREDICTED.
BUT THIS FORMULA SHOWS THE
FACTORS THAT ENHANCE IRON
ABSORPTION FROM NONHEME SOURCES
AND THOSE THAT LIMIT.
SO IF YOU HAVE THE POSITIVE SIDE
OF THE EQUATION, THE SERUM
FERRITIN HELP ABSORB THE IRON,
AND THE VITAMIN C AND THE MEAT,
FISH, PALTRY SHOWS YOU HOW
STRONG IT IS THE NEGATIVE AS THE
BOTTOM SHOW THE INHIB THORS
THORS SO HAVE YOU TEA, BUT
ESPECIALLY PHYTATE, THAT IS
HIGHER THAN THE OTHERS AND
CALCIUM AND THEN OF COURSE,
BIOAVAILABILITY OR DOSE
ABSORPTION IS RELATED SO THE
HIGHER THE DOSE, THE LOWER
PERCENT OF ABSORPTION THAT YOU
HAVE.
TAKE CALCIUM FOR
BIOAVAILABILITY, THIS SHOWS YOU
AN EXTREME CONTRAST BETWEEN
CALCIUM ABNORMALITIES SRPGZ FOR
MILK AND SPINACH THE SAME
CALCIUM LOAD.
THERE'S A 10 FOLD DRVES, THERE
HAS BT BEEN A BIOAVAILABILITY
ALGORITHM DEVELOPED BUT I'M
WORKING ON 1 WITH PEOPLE NOW.
THEN YOU HAVE TO CONSIDER
HUNGER, AND THIS IS A HEAT MAP
SHOWING AND KIND OF HUNGER AND
KIND OF A SUMMARY OF
CONSEQUENCES IF YOU SEE THE
X-AXIS IS THESE 2 FIGURES, GOING
TOWARDS NORMAL GROWTH, BEING 1,
OR NORMAL--NORMAL NUTRITION
BEING 1, AND SEVERE MALNUTRITION
ON THE FAR LEFT, THEN THE RISK
OF DEATH ON THE TOP DRAMATICALLY
DECREASES, AND ON THE BOTTOM,
THE RISK OF DEATH FROM COMMON
ILLNESS DUE TO SPENDING DRAMATIC
LOAMACYY INCREASES WITH HEALTH
AS YOU HEARD IN THE LAST HOUR.
SO 1 OBSERVATION IS THAT
INVESTMENTS IN MICRONUCLEOTIDES
TRI EPTS WHETHER THEY'RE BY
SUPPLEMENTS OR FORTIFIED FOODS
OR PROVIDING MEALS, WITH
MICRONUTRIENT VS HIGHER RETURNS
THAN THOSE FROM INVESTMENTS IN
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND MALARIA
AND WATER AND SANITATION, NO
OTHER TECHNOLOGY OR OPPORTUNITY
TO REACH OUR CHILDREN OFFERS
LARGE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE
LIVES AT SUCH A LOW COST IN SUCH
A SHORT TIME.
SO, I THINK WE HAVE A FEW
MINUTES TO ENTERTAIN SOME
QUESTIONS.
I WILL STOP SHARING THIS, SO, SO
PEOPLE CAN RAISE THEIR HAND
MAYBE?
I SEE WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM W.
H. O.
>> HI, NO, IT'S ANOTHER ACRONYM
BUT I'M JUST--I'M CURIOUS TO SEE
THE PERSPECTIVE ON VITAMIN B12
AND ALSO BECAUSE OF SO MANY
TIMES WE HAVE BEEN ENGAGED IN
GIVING SUPPLEMENTS OF
MICRONUTRIENTS WITHOUT TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT CALORIC OR PROTEIN
SUPPLEMENTATION AND THEREFORE,
THERE IS CERTAIN SIDE EFFECTS ON
SOME TYPE OF MICRONUTRIENTS WHEN
KIDS ARE STUNTED OR FOR HAVING
SEVERE MALNUTRITION, HOW CAN
WE--WHAT ARE YOUR COMMENTS ON
THIS TYPE OF SUPPLEMENTATION.
DO YOU COORDINATE BOTH?
SO WE DON'T HAVE FOR EXAMPLE,
[INDISCERNIBLE].
>> SO OUR GROUP WILL COVER THE
BIOLOGY IMPACT AND FUTURE
WORKING GROUPS WILL PRESENT ON
SOLUTIONS OR EVALUATE THE
LANDSCAPE FOR HOW TO DEAL WITH
THAT.
THANK YOU FOR POINTING THIS OUT
TO US.
>> CONNIE, I THINK WHAT
MARRIANELLA MIGHT BE SPEAKING TO
IS AGAIN THIS ECOLOGY THAT THE
ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL SINGLE
NUTRIENT APPROACH CAN BE
PROBLEMATIC ON THESE
CIRCUMSTANCES AND SO THAT WE
NEED TO DO A BETTER JOB OF
UNDERSTANDING NUTRITION AS A
BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE.
>> CORRECT.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
>> AND BECAUSE OF THAT IT IS
GREAT THAT YOU HAVE, YOU KNOW
FOOD ON THIS TABLE THAT THE FACT
THAT HUNGER IS SUCH A HUGE ISSUE
FOR THE REST OF THE WORLD.
BY THE WAY, THIS IS--THEY ARE
KD--SALLY VENEZUELANS FOUNDATION
I'M WORK FIGURE ARE NOW, I'M
REPRESENTING THE ACADEMY OF
DIETIC [INDISCERNIBLE] YOU SEE
IN MY NAME, TO CLARIFY.
>> THANK YOU APPRECIATE IT.
I SEE LINDSAY IS GOING TO HELP
US OUT WITH HARMONIZED
[INDISCERNIBLE]
>> WELL, I'M JUST GRAPPLING WITH
THE PROBLEM IN GENERAL HAVING
HEARD PEOPLE TALK THIS MORNING
AND SAY WHAT THEY WANT IS TO BE
ABLE TO ASSESS NUTRITIONAL
STATUS WHICH I THINK THEY MEAN
MANY OPTIONS OF EITHER DIET OR
HUNGER OR CHEMISTRY.
YOU HAVE LOW ANIMAL SOURCE FOOD
INTAKE, AND THAT MEANS THAT A
WHOLE BUNCH OF ASSOCIATED
MICRONUTRIENTS ARE DEFICIENT,
NOT JUST 1, OKAY, SO WE HAVE
RIBOFLAVIN AND VITAMINA AND B12
AND CALCIUM AND SO ON, SO THAT'S
SOMETHING I'M GRAPPLING WITH
VERY MUCH ARE THE INDICATOR
NUTRIENTS WE CAN USE, IT'S
HARDLY EVER JUST 1 NUTRIENT
EXCEPT MAYBE IRON BUT THAT'S
AN ANIMAL SOURCE FOR THE
NUTRIENT TOO.
THE OTHER GROUPS ARE FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES AND VITAMIN A AND A
REASONABLE INDICATOR OF THAT.
I WANT TO PUT OUT THERE THAT
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT DIET
PATTERNS AND WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE
YOU REALLY CONCERNED ABOUT
BECAUSE THEY'RE ALL GOING TO BE
A PROBLEM IN MANY CASES.
THAT'S IT.
>> WELL YOUR SUGGESTION OF
INDICATOR NUTRIENTS IS MUCH MORE
FEASIBLE THAN TO TRY TO COVER
THEM ALL.
AND [INDISCERNIBLE] WE SHOULD
CONSIDER THE ROLE OF INFECTIONS
ON BIOAVAILABILITY, ABSOLUTELY.
ANY OTHER QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS
ON OUR DIRECTIONS ESPECIALLY
FROM OTHER WORKING GROUPS?
WELL, THEN I KNOWLEDGE WE'LL
MOVE ON.
BECAUSE WE'RE VERY TIGHT FOR
TIME.
AND NOW WE'RE GOING TO
TALK--HAVE THE COMMITTEE MEMBERS
TALK ABOUT THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS
AND WHERE THEY'RE HEADED FOR
THIS REPORT.
SO WE'RE GOING TO START WITH
DREW BREMER WHO WILL TALK ABOUT
ENDOCRINOLOGY OF GROWTH AND
PUBERTY.
>> AWESOME, THANKS CONNIE AND
LIZA, AWESOME, THANK YOU FOR
PULLING UP THE SLIDES AND CONNIE
THANK YOU FOR STUDYING THE SCENE
AND DAN, ONCE AGAIN FOR THANK
YOU FOR GETTING US ALTOGETHER
HERE SO WELCOME EVERYONE, IT'S I
PLEASURE TO WORK ALONGSIDE ASK
THIS GROUP AND TO BE A PART OF
THIS IMPORTANT PROJECT.
AGAIN, OUR END GAME GOAL HERE IS
TO REALLY PUT OUR HEADS TOGETHER
TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE.
SO, I'VE BEEN ASKED AS CONNIE
MENTIONED, ASK TOED ADDRESS THE
ENDOCRINOLOGY OF GROWTH AND
PUBERTY SKPE BAKUGAN HOW
UNDERSTANDING THAT BIOLOGY MAY
INFORM NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND
ASSESSMENTS AND CHILDREN AND
ADLESSENTS AND TO DO ALL THAT IN
JUST 8 MINUTES SO WITH THAT, I
AM GOING TO SOMEWHAT BRIEF AND
START BUT UN'RE I'M FORTUNATE
THAT [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO WILL
COME BEHIND ME WILL BE GOING
NEXT AND SO I'LL BE IN A VERY
SOMEWHAT HIGH LEVEL VIEW.
BUT THEY WILL BAIL ME OUT WHEN
WE TAG TEAM ISSUES, PARTICULARLY
AROUND LINEAR GROWTH.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO I HAVE NOTHING TO DISCLOSE,
NEXT SLIDE.
AND BEFORE GETTING INTO THE
BIOLOGY ISSUES BECAUSE THAT IS
THE FOCUS OF GROUP IS REALLY
LOOKING AT THE BIOLOGY, THE
INTERNAL ECOLOGY THAT DAN TALKED
ABOUT, I WANT TO PAUSE AND ONCE
AGAIN THANK THE SECRETARYARUATES
AND ALL THE BOND-KIDS WORKING
GROUPS ON THE TEAM.
SO NEXT SLIDE.
OKAY, SO AS CONNIE JUST SHOWED
AND SHOWED SEVERAL FRAMEWORK,
AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR
OUR WORKING GROUP'S CHARGE WHICH
I WILL EXPAND UPON A LITTLE BIT
HERE.
HIGHLIGHTING AGAIN, ECHOING DAN,
AND OTHERS IN THE OPENING
CONVERSATION THAT ARE
UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGY OF
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, REALLY
DOES REQUIRE AND APPRECIATION OF
THE MANY COMPONENTS THAT IMPACTS
AND ARE IMPACTED BY THE EXTERNAL
ECOLOGY, WHICH WE TOUCHED ON IN
SUBSEQUENT SESSIONS OF THIS
PROGRAM, BUT ALSO THE INTERNAL
ECOLOGY AND THE INTERNAL
NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY, INCLUDING
HELT CONTEXT OF THE HOST, MANY
INTERSECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS,
AND OF COURSE, DIET, NUTRITION,
STATUS, AND JUST FOR
CONSISTENCY, WHEN I USE
NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IT REALLY IS
REFLECTING ON THE ADEQUACY OF
NUTRIENTS, TO PERFORM,
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN THE HOST
AND CONNIE DID A GREAT
PRESENTATION TO SET US UP HERE
BUT ALL THESE THINGS, ALL THESE
THINGS, YOU KNOW ARE INTERACTING
AND ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AS
WE THINK ABOUT--THINK ABOUT WAYS
TO ASSESS NEEDS AND ASSESS
STATUS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND WHEN I WOULD LIKE TO
HIGHLIGHT ON THIS SLIDE AND WHAT
IS LIKELY KNOWN TO EVERYONE IN
THE AUDIS THAT GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT PROCEED ALONG A
CONTINUUM AND I BORROWED THIS
SLIDE FROM CONNIE AND THAT MANY
HORMONES IMPACTING THE RATE OF
LINEAR GROWTH AND BONE MINERAL
ACCRUAL ARE RELATED NOT ONLY TO
PIEWBITTAL STATUS WHICH I WILL
TOUCH ON I LITTLE BIT LATER
ABOUT YOU ALSO TO DIETARY
COMPONENTS, NUTRIENTS AND
DIETARY PATTERNS SO ECHOING
LIPPEDZY'S COMMENT THAT
THESE--EVERYTHING IS TAKEN IN
AGGREGATES AND AT THE END THESE
ARE PATTERNS AND FOOD'S CAN HAVE
MANY NUTRIENTS BOTH MACROAND
MICROWEATHER GIVEN TOO MUCH OR
TOO LITTLE THAT HAS AN IMPACT
AND THESE DIETARY COMPONENTS,
NUTRIENTS AND DIETARY PATTERNS
FURTHER MAY IMPACT FUTURE HEALTH
AND BOTH BMI DEPENDENCE AND ALSO
IMPORTANTLY BMI INDEPENDENT WAYS
SO IT'S NOT A PARADIGM OF JUST
INTAKE TO A CERTAIN BMI AND
THAT'S A HEALTH STATUS, THERE
ARE MANY, MANY FACTORS THAT GOES
FROMMA AN EXPOSURE TO A HEALTH
OUTCOME.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND I'VE SHOWN ON THIS SLIDE,
AND AGAIN THAT THAT WILL BE--IT
WILL BE A BIT MORE IN THE WEEDS,
THERE ARE ALSO IMPORTANT AGE AND
SEX SPECIFIC DONEESS WITH
RESPECT TO LINEAR GROWTH, WITH
MALES HAVING A LATER PEAK GROWTH
VELOCITY THAN FEMALES.
MORE OVER THE RELATIVE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF CERTAIN
DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS, MIGHT
ALSO DIFFER, WITH THE LARGEST
CONTRIBUTION OF ADULT LIFE
OCCURRING IN THE CHILDHOOD YEARS
JUST PRIOR TO THE GROWTH SPURTS
AND GEAN I WILL KEEP IT HIGH
LEVEL AND SHOW THE HIGHLIGHTS
HERE BUT YOU WILL HEAR MORE
ABOUT THIS IN THE NEXT
PRESENTATION FROM
[INDISCERNIBLE].
>> SLIDE, PLEASE.
NOW PRIOR TO DISCUSSING THIS, I
WILL GO A BIT BIGGER AND I WANT
TO REVIEW THE BIOLOGY OF
ENDOCONDRIAL HISTOLOGY OF THE
GROWTH PLATE BECAUSE
ERESPONSIBLELY WHEN BABET TALKS
ABOUT THE CALCIUM AND OTHER
NUTRIENTS OF VITAMIN D, IT'S
GOOD TO APPRECIATE THAT USHED
LYING BIOLOGY.
SO EBD O CONDRIAL BONE FORMATION
STARTS WITH A ENDOCHONDERAL
OSESIFICATION, AND THOSE
CONDROCYTES ARE THE CENTER OF
THE CARTILAGE MOLD, THE HYPER
TROAPIC CHOND ROUGH ATOM CITES
AND WOULD ABOUTING THE CALCIFIED
BONE IN THE PRIMARY
OSESIFICATION CENTER AND THAT'S
LABELED HERE ON THE SLIDE.
FORMING THE SECONDARY
OSSIFICATION CENTER AND THE
GROWTH BY CARTILAGE BY THE ENDS
OF THE LONG BONES CONTINUES TO
DRIVE BONE ELONGATION, SO THAT'S
ON THE TOP PART OF THE SCREEN,
THAT'S THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY
AND THE VERY, 3 SENTENCES THE
BIOLOGY OF OSSIFICATION, AND
CLINICALLY, AS PART OF OUR
CHARGE HERE, IS TO ADDRESS
ASSESSMENTS, CLINICALLY X-RAYS
OF THE LEFT HAND WHICH ARE
FREQUENTLY CALLED BONE AGE
ASSESS THES ARE COMMONLY USED
TO,A SESES REMAINING GROWTH
POTENTIAL IN CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENTS AND TO ESTIMATE AND
PREDICT FINAL ADULT HEIGHT AND
FOR THOSE WHO PRACTICE
CLINICALLY, AGAIN THIS IS A VERY
COMMON TOOL THAT PEDIATRIC EBD O
CRINOLOGYISTS USE TO ISSUA SESES
GROALGT AND TO ESTIMATE FINAL
GROWTH.
AND I SHOW 3 REPRESENTATIVE BONE
AGE X-RAYS ON THIS SLIDE.
NEXT SLIDE.
THE SLIDES A BIT BUSY BUT IT
HIGHLIGHTS MANY OF THE NUTRITION
SENSITIVE INPUTS TO GROWTH.
FOCUSING ON ENDOCRINOLOGYS SO
INCLUDING MYRIAD HORMONES THAT
ARE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE EFFECTS
ON BONE GROWTH AS WELL AS
INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE WHICH IS
TEND TO HAVE INHIBITORY EEIVETS
ON BONE GROWTH, AND MAYBE A
PRESENT SECONDARY FOR
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SOMEONE
ALREADY BROUGHT UP THE IDEA OF
INFLAMMATION AND HOW THEY MAY
IMPACT THE FUNCTION IF YOU WILL
OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND THEIR
BIOLOGICAL ROLES.
SO IN GENERAL GROWTH HORMONE,
IGP 1 AND ANDROGEN ROUGH ATOM
GENS AND LEPTIN STIMULATE CHOND
ROW SIGHT PROLIFERATION, THYROID
AND VITAMIN D FOR DIFREPRESENT
YAIPGZ, DPLIEWK O CORD KOIDS
WHICH MAY BE PRESENT DURING
PERIODS OF STRESS AND
PROLIFERATION AND DELAY GROWTH
PLATE SENESCENSEL, AND ESTROUGH
ATOM GENS ACCELERATE GROWTH
PLATES.
SO YOU SEE AN INTERPLAY OF MANY
DIFFERENT HORMONES AND OTHER
FACTORS ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE
GROWTH PLATINGS AND THE BONE
ITSELF.
NEXT SLIDE, I ALSO BORROWED THIS
FIGURE FOR CONNIE BUT I'M
SHOWING THIS SLIDE NOT ONLY TO
DEPICT THE POSSIBLE TRAJECTORIES
OF GROWTH GIIVE CERTAIN CLINICAL
CONDITIONS.
BUT ALSO TO UNDER CORE THAT
LINEAR GROWTH SERVED AS A
BIOINDICATOR THAT REFLEBTS
PROTURBATIONS IN THE EXTERNAL
ECOLOGY WHICH WE WILL HEAR MORE
ABOUT, THE INTERNAL ECOLOGY AND
IN THIS CASE, NUTRITIONAL
STATUS, OR THE BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS, INVOLVED IN LINEAR
GROWTH OR BOTH.
AND THAT INDIVIDUALS WITH
INTERRUPTED GROWTH CAN DEPENDING
ON THE UNDERLYING ETIOLOGY,
AND/OR THE INTERVENTION,
EXPERIENCE CATCH-UP GROWTH AND
HAD IS WHERE IT'S IMPORTANT, DAN
MENTIONED NOT FALLING BACK IN
THE ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL BUT
UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOLOGY OF
DELAYED GROWTH INFORMS POTENTIAL
INTERVENTIONS WHICH THEN MAY
ACHIEVE CATCH UP GROWTH, TO A
CHILD WHERE THEY ACHIEVE THEIR
FINAL PREDICTED WITH THE
APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION,
UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING
BIOLOGY.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND THIS SLIDE AGAIN IS SOMEWHAT
BUT BUSY BUT IT'S REALLY MEANT
TO ILLUSTRATE THAT THE TIMING
AND TEMPO OF PUBERTY WHICH BOTH
DIRECTLY IMPACT LINEAR GROWTH
AND ARE SUBJECT TO THE MULTIPLE
INTRINSIC AND EXTRENSICTION
FACTORS INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO ENCH CLPROY STATUS,
AND TALK ABOUT DIETARY PAT
EVERYONES AND ENERGY WHICH I
WILL TALK ON AGAIN ON THE SLIDE,
BUT STRESSES, HORMONES AND INDO
KRIN DISRUPTORS WHICH MAY BE IN
THE ENVIRONMENT WHICH WE MIGHT
HEAR ABOUT NEXT WEEK AS WELL AS
GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS SO AN
ECOLOGY THAT AFFECTS PIEWBITTAL
TIMES AND TEMPO WHICH DIRECTLY
IMPACT IT IS LINEAR GROWTH AS
WELL.
NEXT SLIDE.
TAKING A HALF STEP BACK 1 OF OUR
CHARGES AS PROJECTION BONNIE MENTIONED, 1
OF THE CHARGES TO OUR WORKING
GROUP IS TO DISCUSS AS A GROUP
HUGH UNDERSTANDING UNDERLYING
BIOLOGY OF GROWTH FACTORETH AND
PUBERTY MAY INFORM NUTRITIONAL
ARK SESESMENTS IN CHILDREN AND
ADOLESC EPTS AND HERE I'VE
BROKEN DOWN ASSESS WANT INTOS
METHODS RELATED TO MEASURING
STRUCTURE AND ANATOMY, PROVIDED
EXAMPLES.
TWO, PHYSIO METRIC METHODS
RELATED TO MEASURING
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND 3
SOPHISTICATED MATOSCOPIC METHODS
FOR EXTERNAL MAN ICHGZS AND
THESE ARE 3 BROAD CATEGORIESA WE
THINK ABOUT HOW TO,A SESES
OUTSIDE OF THE LABORATORY.
THESE ARE OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO
THE HEGHT CARE PROVIDERS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO CLINICALLY, NOT JUST
ENDOCRINOLOGIST BUT ELGT CARE
PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS IN
IN THE PEDIATRIC SPACE, WE
COMMONLY USE THESE MEASUREMENTS
AND THE PHYSICAL EXAM NATION,
SPECIFICALLY TANNER STAGING TO
ASSESS THE BI ONY INDICATORS OF
GROWTH AND PUBERTY AND WHAT IS
USEFUL ABOUT THESE MEASURE IS
THAT THEY ARE SCALABLE AND THEY
CAN BE RELATIVELY EASY ASK COST
EFFECTIVE TO DEPLOY AND PERFORM,
SO THESE--THE ANTHROPROMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS AS WELL AS PHYSICAL
EXAM NATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH
BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENTS OF
CONCENTRATIONS OF NUTRIENTS,
AGAIN, PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY
FOR CLINICIANS AND RESEARCHERS
TO ASSESS STATUS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND AS THIS SLIDE SHOWS SEVERAL
METHODS ARE AVAILABLE TO ASSESS
BODY COMPOSITION AND ESTIMATE
ATAPPOSSITY AND BODY FAT
DISTRIBUTION.
WE COULD SPEND, A HALF HOUR ON
THIS SLIDE BUT THAT SAID, NOT
ALL THESE METHODS ARE DEPLOYABLE
ON A LARGE SCALE.
AND EACH METHOD IS LISTED IN THE
TABLE.
HAS ITS OWN PROS AND CONS AND
EACH METHOD VARIES WITH RESPECT
TO COST, EASE OF USE, ACRASE
MODEL SKPE BAKUGAN SCALABILITY.
ONE OF OUR CHARGE SYSTEM HOW TO
MAKE THIS PROJECT AND HAVE THIS
PROJECT BE USEFUL TO THE ENTIRE
GLOBE AND I THINK THAT WAS
REFLECTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL
PRESENCE OF OUR SPEAKERS DURING
THE FIRST HOUR THIS MORNING.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND AS THIS SLIDE SHOWS OTHER
EVENTS SUCH AS THE ONSET, DEGREE
AND REGULARITY OF MENSEITRATION
IN FEMALES, AND THE AGE OF THE
REBOUND CAN ALSO BE USED AS
ASSESSMENTS AND AS POETIC
TEBTIAL INDICATORS OF FUTURE
HEALTH AND YEAH, I JUST LIST
THESE 2 BECAUSE THESE ARE ALSO
METRICS THAT CAN BE--THAT CAN BE
EASILY OBTAINED OR AT LEAST
CODIFIED VIA PHYSICAL EXAM OR
HISTORY THAT MAY PROVIDE INSIGHT
INTOS 1'S NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
NNEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO AGAIN I'M TAKING A HIGH LEVEL
LOOK AND TO CLOSE I'M GOING TO
USE THIS AS MY CLOSING SLIDO I
AT A ON TIME, I THOUGHT I WOULD
END BY HIGHLIGHTING SPECIFIC
NUTRITION ISSUES AND NEEDS THAT
ARE RELEVANT PARTICULARLY DURING
ADOLESCENCE, INCLUDING ENERGY
OVER AND UNDER CONSUCHGZ AND
CONNIE DID A WONDERFUL JOB
SHOWING THE BURDENS IN OVER
COMSUMPTION AND UNDERCOMSUMPTION
ARE OFTEN TURNED OVER OVER OUR
UNDER NUTRITION CAN HAVE HEALTH
SMLICATIONS.
PROTEIN NEEDS, WHICH CORRELATE
WITH GROWTH PATTERNS, AND CONNIE
TOUCH OFFICE OF DIVERSITY THAT
DURING HER OPENING PRESENTATION.
IRON WHICH WE WILL HEAR MORE
ABOUT LATER TODAY BUT IT WAS
TOUCH OFFICE OF DIVERSITY WHICH
IS ASSOCIATE WIDE MUSCLE MASS,
HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION, SO IRON
DEFICIENCY ANEME IS A TREMENDOUS
PROBLEM WORLD WIDE.
ZINC FOR SEXUAL GROWTH AND
MATURATION,ICALLUAL AND VITAMIN
D WHICH WILL YOU HEAR MORE ABOUT
IN THE NEXT 10 MINUTE WHICH IS
IS NECESSARY FOR BONE MINERAL
AND BONE MASS ACCRUAL.
IN THOSE--IN THOSE WOMEN THAT
BECOME PREGNANT, THE INCREASED
NEED OF IRON, CALCIUM IN
PREGNANCY IS STILL A PROBLEM
WORLD WIDE.
AND THEN WHICH WAS TOUCHED ON
ALSO BY CONNIE AND HER OPENING
PRESENTATION, THE POTENTIAL
IMPACT OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIVE
DIETS, NO MEDIAN DIETS AGAIN
GAME UP BEFORE, TOO,
MEDICATIONS, SO, INITIAL THE
MEDICATIONS WHICH MAY CAUSE
CONDITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, IN
NUTRIENTS, IN CHRONIC DISEASES
WHICH WAS ALSO TOUCH OFFICE OF
DIVERSITY EARLIER, IN THE
IMPACTS ON ABSORPTION OR MAYBE
UTILIZATION.
ALL OF THESE, MAY HAVE AN IMPACT
ON INDIVIDUALS NUTRITIONAL
STATUS, SO WITH THAT, I PROMISE
CONNIE I WOULD KEEP IT SHORT AND
SWEET SO I'LL WRAP IT UP BUT
CERTAINLY WE WILL HAVE--I THINK
WE DID CATCH UP ON TIME.
SO WE WILL HAVE HOPEFULLY TIME
AT THE END TO HAVE A ROBUST
DISCUSSION AND WITH THEY WILL
STOP AND TURN IT BACK TO CONNIE.
>> THANK YOU DREW ARE FOR THIS
WONDERFUL OVERVIEW OF WHAT
HAPPENS DURING OUR DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES, SO NEXT WE'RE GOING TO
BABETT WHO'S EXPERTISE IS IN
LINEAR GROWTH.
>> I'M GOING TO SHARE MY SCREEN
HERE.
OKAY, WHILE THIS IS SETTING UP I
WANT TO THEANK THE ORGANIZERS
AND THE GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO
PARTICIPATE IN THIS REALLY
IMPORTANT EFFORT.
AND I HAVE NOTHING TO DISCLOSE,
I WANT TO POINT THAT OUT.
GROWTH--I'M GOING TO TALK VERY
RAPIDLY BUT BROADLY ABOUT GROWTH
BONE AND BODY COMPOSITION.
OBVIOUSLY NUTRITION IS REALLY
IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF THESE
COMPONENTS, BUT IT FIT INTOS
THIS BROADER CONTEXT OF THESE
OTHER DOMAINS THAT INFLUENCE
GROWTH, BONE AND BODY
COMPOSITION.
ENCLAUDEING GENETICS, OR HERRITY
MEANING POPULATION DIFFERENCES
IN SOME OF THESE OUTCOMES,
BIOLOGY, THE OVERALL HEALTH OF
THE INDIVIDUAL, AND THE SOCIAL
AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND ALL
OF THESE ALSO INTERACT WITH EACH
OTHER TO DETERMINE
NUTRITIONAL--WHETHER
NUTRITIONALNY NEEDS ARE BEING
MET.
NOW AS DREW VERY NICELY SET UP
FOR ME, LINEAR GROWTH PROCEEDS
THROUGH AN INTRICATE
COMPLEX--AND EXPANSION THAT
REQUIRES MACROAND MICRONUTRIENTS
AS SUBSTRATE IN THE TISSUE AS CO
FACTORS IN PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
AND ALSO TO SUPPORT AND MAINTAIN
THE DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE
ENVIRONMENT.
FROM A PRACTICAL VANTAGE POINT,
WE SEE THAT--WE SEE AND MEASURE
LINEAR GROWTH AS THE SIZE THAT
INCREASES WITH AGE UNTIL ADULT
HEIGHT IS FINALLY REACHED.
BUT, AGAIN, AS DREW ALSO POINTED
OUT AND I'M GOING TO TALK AT
GREATER LEJT ABOUT, WE KNOW MORE
ABOUT GROWTH PROCESSES, THROUGH
LOOKING AT GROWTH VELOCITY.
AFTER THE RAPID DECLINE IN
GROWTH RATE FOLLOWING INFANCY,
THERE'S A SMALL MIDCHILDHOOD
GROWTH SPURT THAT OCCURS AND
THEN THERE ARE THE EMERGENCE OF
SEX DIFFERENCES AND THE TIMING
AND MAGNITUDE OF ADOLESCENT
GROWTH.
A MAJOR KNOWLEDGE GAP THAT WE
HAVE IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH
THESE NEW CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENT GROWTH EVENTS ARE
SENSITIVE OR CRITICAL FOR
PERIODS FOR MEETING NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS.
OR WHETHER THERE IS THE
OPPORTUNITY FOR FOR CATCH UP
GROWTH IF THE TIMING AND MEETING
OF NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IS
NOT MET EXACTLY.
WE'VE LEARNED IN RECENT DECADES
THAT LINEAR GROWTH ACTUALLY
PROCEEDS AS A SERIES OF
MINISPURTS, AND THIS WORK BY
MICHELLE AMPLE AND MIKE JOHNSON,
AN ADOLESCENT BOY WAS MEASURED
DAILY FROM AGES 12.8 TO THREEN
.9 YEARS AND YOU CAN SEE THAT
THERE'S A PERIOD OF VIRTUALLY NO
GROWTH FOLLOWED BY STEP WISE
INCREASES IN HEIGHT.
AND IN FACT, THIS BOY HAD
SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN STATURE
ON 12 OUT OF 389 DAYS WITH AN
INCREASE OF 11-CENTIMETERS BUT
THERE WERE PERIODS WHERE THERE
WAS NO DETECTABLE GROWTH.
THIS PERIOD OF NO DETECTABLE
GROWTH MAY REP REISN'T A
SEASONAL EFFECT SUCH AS LOW
WINDER TIME VITAMIN D STATUS BUT
WE REALLY DON'T KNOW.
SO, IT'S--THE FREQUENCY AND
MAGNITUDE OF THESE MINISPURTS
THAT DEEMERGING IT THE TEMPO,
AND TIMING OF LINEAR GROWTH
EVENTS.
GROWTH TEMPO, I THINK BROAGHT
DREW AND I HAVE USED THIS TERM A
COUPLE OF TIMES, IT REFERS TO
THE AGE OF ONSET AND PACE AT
WHICH A CHILD PROGRESSES THROUGH
THESE MAJOR GROWTH EVENTS.
IN EVERY POPULATION THERE ARE
EARLY AVERAGE AND LATE MATURING
CHILDREN AS SHOWN HERE IN THIS
FIGURE, AND EACH HAS THEIR OWN
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK.
TEMPO ALSO VARIES BETWEEN
POPULATIONS, AND WHILE WE KNOW
THERE'S A GENETIC COMPONENT TO
IT, IT'S ALSO INFLUENCED BY
HEALTH, NUTRITION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES THAT
INFLUENCE THE TIMING OF THESE
GROWTH EVENTS.
LINEAR GROWTH IS CUMULATIVE AND
SO, IT'S--IT'S INFLUENCED BY THE
NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS AND OTHER
INSULTS THAT OCCUR IN THE FIRST
THOUSAND DAYS.
THEREFORE IT'S DIFFICULT TO
IESHES DENTIFY NUTRIENTS THAT
LIMIT LINEAR GROWTH IN CHILDHOOD
AND ADOLESCENTS WITHOUT TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT THOSE PRIOR
INSULTS.
AND ESPECIALLY BECAUSE OF
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POPULATIONS
AND WITHIN POPULATIONS IN THE
VARIABILITY AND GROWTH TEMPO.
BUT ROBERTS AND STEIN RECENTLY
PUBLISHED AN ANALYSIS OF A
METASTOD OF CHILDREN OLD THEY'RE
KNOW 2 YEARS OF AGE AND THEY
FOUND STRONG EVIDENCE FOR THESE
NUTRIENTS I HIGHLIGHTED IN RED,
ZINC, VITAMIN A AND MULTIPLE
MICRONUTRIENTS AND PROTEIN.
THIS ISN'T TO SAY THAT THOSE
OTHER NUTRIENTS THAT ARE LISTED
IN THIS TABLE AREN'T IMPORTANT
BUT THERE ARE LIMITED STUDIES
THAT DEMONSTRATED STRONG EFFECTS
AND ALLOCATION PROBABLY
INFLUENCED BY CONDITIONS LOCALLY
WHEN THE STUDIES WERE DONE AND
THE DURATION OF THE
SUPPLEMENTATION STUDIES SO WE
HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL KNOWLEDGE GAP
REGARDING NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
THAT INFLUENCE LINEAR GROWTH IN
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.
THE PATTERN OF BONE ACCRUAL WITH
THE RISE IN ADOLESCENT EXPTION
THE ARE PRONOUNED SEX DIFFERENCE
THAT EMERGE AT OLDER AGES
THERE'S ALSO INCREASING VALID
AND RELIABLE YAIBILITY IN BONE
MASS WITH AGE.
I'M SORRY, ACTUALLY ACCRUES AS
INCREASES IN TRI BECKULAR
THICKNESS AND CORTICAL BONE
EXPANSION, SO ALTHOUGH IT'S
LARNLLY INFLUENCED BY INCREASES
IN STATURE, BECAUSE OF COURSE,
STATURE IS DRIIVE BY THE
SKELETON THROUGH THESE OTHER
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPARTMENTS
OF BONE THAT INCREASE IN DENSITY
AND REQUIRE PROCESSES OF BONE
DEPOSITION.
PEAK BONE MASS OR THE AMOUNT OF
BONE THAT'S ATTAIN INDEED YOUNG
ADULTHOOD IS THE PRIMARY DIDY
TERMINANT OF OSTEOPOROSIS RISK
AND QUALITY OF LIFE.
LIFESTYLE FACTORS, POOR DIET AND
INADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN
ADVERSELY ATTAINING PEAK BONE
MASS AND SMALL DIFFERENCES IN
PEAK BONE MASS CAN HAVE
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES, BONE
FRAGILITY LATER IN LIFE.
THE PATTERN OF BONE ACCRUAL AS
DISDINKT DIFFERENCES FROM LINEAR
GROWTH.
FIRST OF ALL PEAK BONE ACCRUAL
OCCURS AFTER THE PEAK AGE OF
VELOCITY.
I'M SURE YOU WILL HEAR VELOCITY
CURVES FOR DIFFERENT SUBGROUPS,
IN THE U.S., THIS IS AFRICAN
AMERICAN, BOYS AND GIRLS AND
NONAFRICAN AMERICAN BOYS AND
GIRLS.
AND THE YELLOW LINE SHOWS HEIGHT
VELOCITY AND THE GREEN LINE
SHOWS THE VELOCITY FOR WHOLE
BODY BONE MINERAL CONTENT.
AND 1 OF THE REALLY STRIKING
FEATURES IS NOT ONLY THAT PEAK
BONE MASS ACCRUAL OCCURS AFTER
PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY, BUT
THERE'S THIS BIG DIFFERENCE IN
THE PERCENTAGE OF BONE ACCRUAL
THAT OCCURS IN THE PREPIEWBITTAL
YEARS WHICH IS MADE UP FOR IN
THE LATER PUBITTAL YEARS AND
AFTER THE PEAK, THERE'S AN
EXTENDED BONE ACCRUAL THIS GOES
ON INTO YOUNG ADULTHOOD.
SO THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS TO
SUPPORT OPTIMAL BONE MINERAL
ACCRUAL EXTEND THROUGH CHILDHOOD
AND ADOLESCENCE AND INTO YOUNG
ADULTHOOD.
NOW THERE ARE LOTS OF NUTRIENTS
THAT WE KNOW FROM MOSTLY
EXPERIMENTAL WORK THAT ARE
IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING HEALTHY
BONES AS OUTLINES IN THIS TABLE.
AND I CAN'T POSSIBLY GO THROUGH
ALL OF THEM, THE PROBLEM IS THAT
IN TERMS OF HAVING REALLY STRONG
EVIDENCE-BASED STUDIES, BASED ON
RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS, THE
ONLY EVIDENCE THAT WE HAVE THAT
REALLY--OF NUTRIENTS THAT WE
KNOW ARE CLEARLY DEMONSTRABLE AS
BEING IMPORTANT AND LIMITED IN
SOME CASES FOR BONE ACCRUAL ARE
CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D.
HOWEVER, IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO
MEASURE BONE ACCRUAL OUTSIDE THE
RESEARCH SETTING AND FEW STUDIES
OF BONE ACCRUAL HAVE BEEN
CONDUCT INDEED RESOURCE POOR
SETTINGS, SO 1 POSSIBLE
MECHANISM WE COULD USE TO
MONITOR THIS IS TO LOOK AT
FRACTURE RATES ABOUT YOU THAT IS
ALSO INFLUENCED BY A NUMBER OF
BEHAVIORAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS SO THERE ARE FEW STUDIES
OF NUTRITION IN BONE ACCRUAL IN
RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS AND IN
ADDITION TO THAT, WE SUSPECT
THERE ARE PROBABLY FOOD OR
NUTRIENT GENE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
INTERACTIONS WHICH REPRESENT A
PARTICULAR CHALLENGE FOR FURTHER
UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF THE
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS TO SUPPORT
OPTIMAL BONE ACCRUAL.
IN TERMS OF BODY COMPOSITION,
DREW AWLINGS TOUCHED ON THIS.
SO THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT GAINS
IN LEAN AND FAT MASS THAT
OCCURRED DURING PUBERTY.
LEAN MASS IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
SUPPORT PHYSICAL FUNCTION, WORK
CAN PASS INTENDEDDITY AND
OVERALL WELL BEING AND FAT
ACCRUAL IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO
SYRUP EPIERGY RESERVES AND
INSULATION OF THE BODY.
WHILE THEY'RE VERY RAPID CHANGES
THERE'S ALSO PRONOUNCED SEX
DIFFERENCES IN THE SIZE AND
DISTRIBUTION OF THAT AND LEAN
TISSUE WITH THE ONSET, AND
PROGRESSION THROUGH PUBERTY.
SO, OUR DEFINITION OF
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS NEED TO BE
SENSITIVE TO THESE IMPORTANT
BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS.
ALSO AS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED,
WHILE THERE'S UNDERWEIGHT IN
SOME SITUATIONS, AND
ACCOMPANYING DEFICITS IN FAT AND
LEAN TISSUE, THERE'S A BROADER
CONCERN ABOUT THE ALARMING RATE
OF OBESITY HAS SHOWN HERE WHERE
THERE'S INCREASING PREVALENCE OF
OBESITY IN THE U.S., AND WE SEE
THE SAME PATTERN IN MANY, MANY
COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.
AND THIS IS AN ENORMOUS CONCERN.
IN MANY LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME
COUNTRIES WE HAVE OBESITY
JUXTAPOSED WITH STUNTING OR
THINNESS AS SHOWN IN THIS FIGURE
AND THIS IS WHAT WE REFER TO AS
THE DUAL BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION.
THIS PATTERN IS ASSOCIATED WITH
NUTRIENT DENSE ENERGY DENSE BUT
NUTRIENT POOR FOODS, SUGAR
SWEETENED BEVERAGES, SATURATED
FATS AND LOW INTAKE OF FRESH
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
SO IN SOME WHILE WE HAVE SOME
KNOWLEDGE GAPS, THE MAJOR
NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS THAT HAVE
EMERGED TO OBTAIN OPTIMAL GROWTH
IN HEIGHT, BONE, MUSCLE AND FAT
IN THE PREPIEWBITTAL AND POST
PIEWBITTAL CHILD INCLUDE ACCESS
INTAKE OF SUGAR SATURATED FAT
AND ENERGY AND SODIUM.
AND INADEQUATE INTAKE OF FRUIT,
VEGETABLE, FIBER, CALCIUM,
VITAMIN D, AG NEEZIUM,
ALCOHOLLINE, IRON, FOALATE,
B-VITAMINS AND ZINC.
THE TIMING AND PUBERTY
ILLUSTRATED BY THE PURPLE REGION
IN THIS GRAPH IS A IMPORTANT
FACTOR IN IDENTIFYING NEEDS TO
SUPPORT RAPID GROWTH AND ASSURE
TIMELY MATURATION.
AND I WILL
THERE'S LOTS OF STUFF MANY OF WE
RECOGNIZE THAT THE BRAIN HAS
VARIOUS REGIONS AND IS AND THE H
THEY TAKE PLACE THROUGH OUT THE
BRAIN BUT TAKE PLACE, THEY ALL
HAVE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL
TRAJECTORIES.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE
VULNERABILITY TO A NUTRIENT,
VULNERABLE TO A NE A NUTRIENT IS
BASED ON THE CROSSING OVER OF
TWO FACTORS THAT IS WHEN A NEW
TREE ENTER DEFICIT IS LIKELY TO
OCCUR IN A POPULATION, SO, AS
YOU'VE BEEN HEARING, ALL ALONG
HERE, YOU ARE NOT AS LIKELY TO
EQUALLY LIKELY TO HAVE A GIVEN
NUTRI ENTENUTRIENT THROUGHOUT YOUR
PEDIATRIC LIFE SPINE.
YOU ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE
DEFICIENT THAN OTHERS.
IT HAS TO BE COMBINED WITH A
BRAIN REGION'S REQUIREMENT FOR
THAT NUTRIENT AT THE TIME.
MEANING, IF YOU HAVE A DEFICIT
AT A TIME WHEN A BRAIN REGION
DOES NOT HAVE A HIGH REQUIREMENT
FOR THAT NUTRIENT YOU MAY NOT
SEE A BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE.
MATUREN BLACK AND I SAY YOU
CAN'T GIVE THIS TALK WITHOUT
THIS SLIDE OR SOME VERSION OF
IT.
THIS IS FROM OUR COLLEAGUE CHUCK
NELSON AND IT SHOWS HUMAN BRAIN
ACROSS THE LIFE PAN.
THEY ASKED US TO TAKE A
DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH AND I
WANT TO SHOW YOU HERE, IS HOW
SKEWED THE X AXES AND HOW BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT TAKES PLACE IN THE
FIRST THREE YEARS OR SO WHEN
WE'RE SEEING ARE WAVES OF
DEVELOPMENT IN VARIOUS REGIONS
OF THE BRAIN AND THE ASSOCIATED
ACTIVITIES OR BEHAVE YEARS THAT BEHAVIOR T HAT GO
ALONG WITH IT.
MYELINATION STARTS TWO MONTHS
PRIOR TO BIRTH AND CONTINUES FOR
TWO YEARS AT A BRISK SPACE AND
GOOD PACE UP TO FIVE AND 10
YEARS THAT GETS US INTO THE AGE
RANGE THAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN
THIS THIS PROJECT.
IT'S MUCH HARDER TO CHANGE THE
SYSTEM OUT HERE THAN IT IS IN
THE EARLY TIME PERIOD.
IF WE SUPER IMPOSE THE
THREE-TIME PER IDEAS THAT WE'LL
BE TALKING ABOUT HERE SO THE AGE
IS FIVE TO NINE OR PRE PUBERTIAL
AND THE TEENAGE YEARS, YOU CAN
SEE THE EFFECTS OF ANY DESIR
FEE, IF THEY EFFECTED THESE
DEVELOPMENTAL CURVES, WOULD
RESULT IN A DIFFERENT BEHAVIORAL
PINOT TYPE.
THESE EARLIER DEFICITS MIGHT
EFFECT SYSTEMS THAT ARE INVOLVED
IN ATTENTION AND ENGAGEMENT
SPEED OF PROCESSING, MYELINATION
IS CONTINUING HERE BUT FURTHER
ON THAT SAME DEFICIT OUT IN THE
ADOLESCENT TIME PERIOD, MIGHT
GIVE YOU MORE ISSUES WITH NOW
OWE TRANSMITTERS AND YOU SO ON
AND FRONTAL FUNCTION AND
DEVELOPMENT.
ULTRA-NUTRIENT STATUS CAN EFFECT
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ONLY DURING THE TIME OF
DEFICIENCY.
WE WORRY ABOUT THAT WITH JUST
SOME THINGS THAT ARE STRAIGHT
FORWARD AS MORNING ENERGY INTAKE
OR FOOD INTAKE THROUGHOUT THE
DAY AND CORRELATING THAT WITH
SCHOOL PERFORMANCE.
OR CHANGES CAUGHT BY AN ACUTE OR
SUBACUTE DEFICIENCY.
ONE CAN CAUSE REVERS ABLE
CHANGES TO BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY,
THEY CAN BE GLOBAL IN EFFECT THE
ENTIRE BRAIN AND THEY CAN BE
REGIONAL AND ABOUT WHAT WE WANT
TO DO AND WE'LL SAY SEARCHING IS
WHETHER THESE TIMES NUTRIENT
DEFICITS CAN BE LINKED TO
BEHAVIOR AND WHAT TESTS DO WE
USE TO BRING OUT THOSE
RELATIONSHIPS.
SADLY, I THINK FEW IT SEEMS THAT
THE TIMING, NUTRIENTS THAT
AFFECT METABOLISM OR SUPPORT
METABOLISM IT'S MORE ABOUT THE
TIMING.
SO, THAT MAKES THE PROBLEM A
LITTLE BIT MORE DIFFICULT FOR
US.
I WOULD ARGUE THOUGH THAT OUR
BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS IT THE FACT
THAT ALTERATION AND NUTRIENT
STATUS CAN HAVE AFFECTS BEYOND
THE TIME OF DEFICIENCY AND
RESULT IN ALTERED DEVELOPMENT,
INCREASE RISK OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
AND ADULT DYSFUNCTION AND I KNOW
WE'LL HAVE A TALK ABOUT CRITICAL
PERIODS OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND
THAT IS IMPORTANT HERE.
THIS OCCURS FAIRLY ALL O EARLY ON AND
THE EMPHASIS IS ON THE FIRST
1,000 DAYS BUT THERE'S
POSSIBILITY TO EXPLORE WHETHER
ANOTHER PER IDEA OF RAPID
GROWTH, ADOLESCENTS, THERE ARE
CRITICAL OR SENSITIVE PERIODS
THERE.
THE COST TO SOCIETY IS FROM THE
LONG-TERM EFFECTS.
THE LOSS OF JOB POTENTIAL,
EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL, AND I
LIKE THIS QUOTE IN 2008 THAT
ERADICATING THE IRONS MAKING
IODINE DEFICIENCY WOULD INCREASE
THE WORLD'S IQ POINTS BY 10.
ALL NUTRIENTS ARE IMPORTANT FOR
THE BRAIN TO FUNCTION AND SOME
HAVE MORE, A GREATER EFFECT ON
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ULTIMATELY
ADULT FUNCTION AND SOME SOME BE
CONDITIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE MIXED
ON NUTRIENTS THAT STUNTING CAN
BE CAUSED BY ANY NUMBER OF
NUTRIENTS AND UNDERWAY AND
OBESITY AND WE CAN BREAK IT DOWN
IF THE MACRO AND MICRO NUTRIENTS
AND I'VE HIGHLIGHTED THE MICRO
NUTRIENTS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST
AND THEN I'VE SUPER SCRIPTED
THESE TO TALK ABOUT, IT'S NOT
JUST ABOUT THE AN A ANATOMY BUT WHAT
MAKES THOSE THINGS WORK
INCLUDING THE NEURO CHEMISTRY,
WHICH MEANS NEURO TRANSMITTERS,
THE KNEW OWE PHYSIOLOGY AND
GENERATE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
AND EFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION,
CERTAINLY IN RODENT MODELS, WE
SEE EPI GENETIC EFFECTS OF THESE
NUTRIENTS, NOT JUST IN THE
NEONATAL PERIOD BUT BEYOND SO
THE REQUEST WE WANT TO ASK IS
CAN THESE BE PARSED OUT BY AGES
AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.
THIS IS JUST MY KIND OF POSTER
CHILD EXAMPLE.
PEOPLE THINK OF ME AS AN IRON
RESEARCHER.
I USE IRON AS A PARADIGM FOR
MANY NUTRIENTS BECAUSE SO IT IS
WELL STUDIED AND ITS BIOLOGY IS
QUITE WELL-KNOWN.
HERE ARE THE THRO THREE TIMES WHERE
YOU ARE IRON DEFICIENT IN YOUR
PEDIATRIC LIFESPAN.
AT BIRTH BECAUSE OF LACK OF
FEEDAL LOADING AND DURING
TODDLERHOOD AND THEN AGAIN
DURING TEENAGE YEARS, AS WHEN
THAT DEFICIENCY OCCURS.
FEE TUS AND LEARNING AND MEMORY
BECAUSE THE HIPPOCAMPUS IS
RAPIDLY AND JOHN BEARD AND OTHER
PEOPLE'S WORK LOOKING IN THE
TEENAGER WITH THERE'S MOOD
AFFECT, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION
ISSUES.
I'M SO GLAD THE PREVIOUS
SPEAKERS TALKED ABOUT NON
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS AS WELL.
IT'S NOT ALL ABOUT SUPPLY AND IT
MAY INFORM US IN TERMS OF HOW WE
APPROACH SU SUPPLEMENTATION.
SOMETIMES IT'S NON NUTRITIONAL.
THIS IS THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF
THE TWO-WAY STREET BETWEEN
NUTRIENTS AND STRESS.
I WANT TO JUST SPEND A LITTLE
TIME ON THIS TOP PART P STRESS,
WHETHER IT'S INFECTIOUS STRESS
OR EVEN POTENTIALLY
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, IS CLOSELY
LINKED TO INCREASED CYTOKINE,
CORTISOL ACTIVATION AND FIGHT OR
FLIGHT PHENOMENON AND GROWTH IS
REALLY ICING ON THE CAKE.
IT'S ONLY WHEN YOU ARE IN A
SOLID METABOLIC STATE THAT YOU
ARE GOING TO UTILIZE THOSE
NUTRIENTS FOR GROWTH OTHERWISE
YOU WILL DIVERT AMINO ACIDS,
HIDE IRON THROUGH THE WORK OF
HELP SIDE AND BOTH OF WHICH WILL
SHORT THE BRAIN OF AMINO ACIDS
THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR GROWTH AS
WELL AS IRON DEFICIENCY WHICH IS
OBVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR
BRAIN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
THIS IS A BUYOLOGY BEHIND ALL OF
THIS, DREW HAD IT UP IN THE
UPPER CORNER THE SIGNALING
SYSTEM.
IMAGINE HERE, A CELL MEMBRANE
AND THE NEURON, IT HAS SENSORS
FOR THIS PATHWAY FOR BRANCH
AMINO ACIDS.
AS WELL AS FOR THE GROWTH
FACTORS LIKE BRAIN DERIVE AND IG
F-1 WHICH ARE DRIVEN BY
NUTRIENTS.
THESE CAN BE INHIBITED BY THE
PRESENCE, INCREASE PRESENCE OF
STEROIDS OR INFLAMMATION.
THE OUTPUT OF THIS SYSTEM IS
CELL SIZES, SURVIVAL,
TRANSCRIPTION RATES IN THE
BRAIN.
THINKING ABOUT WRITING THIS
SECTION OF THE APPROACHING IT
WHETHER THEY'RE ACUTE ON
PERFORMANCE OR CHRONIC IN TERMS
OF STRUCTURE AND GENE
PROGRAMMING.
WE WOULD REVIEW THE PRE CLINICAL
STUDY AND LINK THAT BIOLOGY AND
PRE CLINICAL STUDIES TO OUR
HUMAN STUDIES TO COMMENT ON THE
CLOSENESS TO FIT WITH THE
SENSITIVITY TO THE ROLES OF THE
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, THOSE
THREE STAGES WE TALKED ABOUT.
AND FOOD-BASED VERSUS INDIVIDUAL
NUTRIENT HUMAN BASED.
WHAT WE DO IS TO THINK ABOUT NON
NUTRITIONAL MITIGATING FACTORS
THAT ALTER A NEW TREE ENTER
ACCESS AND UTILIZATION AND
THERE'S ANOTHER FIELD ON NEURO
REGULATION.
A FEEDING AND FEEDING BEHAVIORS
THAT I THINK JULIA WILL TALK
ABOUT IN A LITTLE WHILE.
I'M GOING TO STOP THERE.
>> THANK YOU, MICHAEL.
IT'S ALWAYS A PLEASURE TO HEAR
YOU TALK.
WE NEED TO KEEP MOVING.
JENN WARD WILL TALK TO US ABOUT
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND SHE HAS
SUPPORT FROM RON KLEINMAN ON
DEVELOPING THIS SECTION.
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
SPECIAL NOD TO Dr. CLYMAN FOR
HIS PARTNERSHIP ON THIS SESSION.
WE'RE MOVING TO A BEHAVIOR IN
THE PHYSICA PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY AND CLEARLY PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY HAS A IMPORTANT DEMAND
ON ENERGY NEEDS AND NUTRIENT
NEEDS BUT IN TERM, DIET QUALITY,
ENERGY ALSO IMPACT PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES TO THAT BY
DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP IS
SOMETHING I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT
AND KEEP CENTRAL TO THIS
SECTION.
IMPORTANTLY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
HAVE INDEPENDENT AND SYNERGISTIC
EFFECTS ON OUTCOMES INCLUSIVE OF
OBESITY, INFLAMMATION, AND
COGNITION, BEHAVIOR AND OF
COURSE MUSCLE AND BONE GROWTH.
AND IN ACROSS THE BOTTOM
HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW OF THIS TIME
PERIOD THE SCHOOL YEARS AND THE
STEEP DECLINE IN PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY, CHILDREN AND YOUTH
MEETING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
RECOMMENDATIONS, IT'S SORT OF
REALLY DRANK MASS TICKLY OVER
THE PUBERAL YEARS.
FOR THOSE THAT AREN'T FULLY
AWARE, W.H.O. HAS PUT FOURTH 60
MINUTES A DAY OF PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY WHICH SHOULD BE
MODERATE TO VIGOROUS.
WE LIKE TO THINK ABOUT
INTENSITY.
MOST SHOULD BE AEROBIC.
WITHIN THAT, THROW DAYS A WEEK
SHOULD ENCLOUD VIGOROUS ACTIVITY
AND KEY TO MUSCLE AND BONE
STRENGTHENING ACTIVITIES AT
LEAST THOSE THREE DAYS.
ON THE FLIP SIDE, NOT JUST
THINKING ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
WE REALLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT
LIMITING SCREEN TIME AND
SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS.
IN THIS FIELD WE LIKE TO THINK
ABOUT DOSE AND HOW IT IMPACTS
HEALTH OUTCOMES.
THAT IMPACT THAT ALSO HAS ON
DIET AND NUTRIENT QUALITY AND
NEEDS AND JUST AS IMPORTANT TO
HOW MODERATE AND VIGOROUS
CHILDREN ARE THROUGHOUT THEIR
EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL YEARS.
I WANT TO START WAY GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE ON WHERE WE ARE WITH
PHYSICAL INACTIVE TEE AND THIS
IS SELF-REPORT OF OLD ARE
CHILDREN AND JUST HIGHLIGHT YOU
CAN SEE HOW MANY REGIONS ARE
ALREADY AT THAT LEVEL OF
SELF-REPORT, I'M NOT ACTIVE SO
THAT'S PRETTY IMPORTANT TO
CONSIDER WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT
THE NUTRIENT QUALITY AND
NUTRIENT NEEDS WHEN WE ARE
ASSESSING CHILDREN AND THINKING
ABOUT REGIONALLY AS WELL.
IF YOU LOOK AT THIS BY INCOME
STATUS THE RIGHT OF THE VERTICAL
DOTTED LINE YOU CAN SEE LOWER
INCOME COUNTRIES VERSUS A HIGHER
INCOME COUNTRIES IN THESE HIGHER
INCOME COUNTRIES THERE'S A LOWER
PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY INACTIVE THAT ARE
SIGNIFICANT AND THERE IS THIS
LARGE DISPARITY STILL BETWEEN
BOYS AND GIRLS WHERE AS IN LOWER
INCOME COUNTRIES THEY'RE MORE
PHYSICALLY INACTIVE OR
SELF-REPORTED THAT AND THERE'S
LESS OF A DISPARITY BETWEEN BOYS
AND GIRLS SO, JUST KEEPING THIS
CONTEXT IN MIND AS WE'RE
THINKING ABOUT THEIR NUTRIENT
AND ENERGY NEEDS.
WE LIKE TO MEASURE THINGS
OBJECTIVELY TO GET MORE AT THE
DOSE BECAUSE AGAIN THOSE
RECOMMENDATIONS ARE THERE FOR A
REASON FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES.
SO TOTE ACTIVITY HERE ON THE
FAR-LEFT, YOU CAN SEE AS EARLY
AS THE AGE OF 50, WE SEE A
DECLINE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
THROUGH THE AGES OF 18.
BOTH IN BOYS AND WE SEE A SEX
DISPARITY AND DECLINE OVER THOSE
YEARS AND INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH,
IF YOU THINK ABOUT TIME BEING
SEDENTARY IT HAS INDEPENDENT
EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND ENERGY
NEEDS AND YOU CAN SEE AFTER THE
AGE OF LIKE FIVE, SIX, YOU KNOW,
UPWARDS OF LIKE NINE OR 10 WE
REALLY SEE A HUGE INCREASES IN
SEDENTARY TIME AND ACTUALLY MORE
SO WITH FEMALES THAN MALES AS WE
GO THROUGH PUBERTY AND EARLY
ADOLESCENTS AND ADOLESCENCE.
AND ANOTHER DISPARITY I WANT TO
HIGHLIGHT OF COURSE IS THE BMI
STATUS AND HOW IT MIGHT IMPACT
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND YOU
CAN SEE, REALLY TAKING
CONSIDERATION BOTH OVER WEIGHT
AND OBESITY BY BMI STATUS AND
LOOKING AT BOYS HERE ON THE LEFT
AT THE TOP LINES, VERSUS GIRLS
ON THE BOTTOM LINES SO AS YOU
PROGRESS THROUGH CHILDHOOD
THROUGH ADOLESCENCE, BMI HAVE A
SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON BOYS AND
GIRLS BUT INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH,
OVER ON THE RIGHT, YOU CAN SEE
THAT INCREASES IN BMI IN BOYS
HAS MORE OF AN IMPACT ON
DECLINES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
SO THE EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN IN
FEMALES ACTUALLY HAS LESS OF AN
IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND
PARTIALLY IN PART BECAUSE GIRLS
ARE LESS PHYSICALLY ACTIVE BUT
HAVING A HUGE IMPACT ON MALES.
WE ARE THINKING ABOUT THE
NUTRIENT NEEDS OF CHILDREN AND
OF COURSE THEY SPEND AN ENORMOUS
AMOUNT OF TIME IN SCHOOL AND WE
THINK A LOT ABOUT SCHOOL MEALS,
BREAKFASTS AND WE HAD EARLY
TALKS TODAY TALKING ABOUT REALLY
WORKING WITH NUTRIENT STATs
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY AND THE 60
MINUTE A DAY OF PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY, 30 WE RECOMMEND AT
LEAST HERE IN THE U.S. HAPPENS
DURING THIS SCHOOL DAY.
AND HERE IS JUST A SNAPSHOT IN
URBAN SCHOOLS, REALLY LOOKING
PRE-K THROUGH THE EARLY
ELEMENTARY YEARS AND ALREADY
SEEING CHILDREN, ABOUT 18% OF
PRESCHOOLERS MEETING THAT
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE SCHOOL
DAY ARE ALREADY IN FIRST GRADE,
THIRD GRID, FIFTH GRADE, ONLY
28% OF THOSE KIDS MEETING THE
SCHOOL DAY RECOMMENDATIONS AND
ALREADY DECLINING IN THOSE EARLY
YEARS AND BY SEX STATUS.
SO, THAT SEX DISPARITY WE SEE
GLOBALLY AND ACROSS THE BOARD,
ALSO TRANSLATES INTO THE SCHOOL
DAY.
THIS IS A FIRST GRADE CLASSROOM
AND THEY'RE ON OR OFF AND AGAIN,
MODERN TO VIGOROUS HERE ARE
THESE LINES.
PEAKING UP ONLY A COUPLE TIMES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY AND DURING
IT'S VERY, VERY LIGHT ACTIVITY
AND SEDENTARY AND OF COURSE
THEY'RE SITTING AND LEARNING YOU
CAN SEE IT'S LOW ACCESS.
WE THINK ABOUT NUTRITION DURING
THE DAY, FUELING ACTIVITY AND
ALSO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FUELING
THE NUTRIENT NEEDS AND ALSO
LEARNING AND HOW IT NEEDS TO GO
HAND AND HAND WHEN WE THINK
ABOUT THE NUTRIENT NEEDS OF
THESE CHILDREN.
AND JUST WE TALKED ABOUT THE
SCHOOL DAY ON THESE PREVIOUS
SLIDES SO THIS IS ANOTHER 4-8
ARE 8% OF MEETING NEEDS FROM THE
SCHOOL DAY AND MOST ACTIVITY IS
HAPPENING IN SCHOOL BUT AGAIN IN
GENERAL, YOU KNOW, KIDS 15% OF
KIDS ON AVERAGE MEETING SORT OF
YOUR TOTAL DAILY ACTIVITY
RECOMMENDATIONS.
SO, WITH THAT IN MIND, PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR
HEALTH AND WE NEED TO FUEL
ACTIVITY AND ACTIVITIES GOOD FOR
NUTRIENT INTAKENNER GEE BALANCE
AND ALSO MUSCLE GROWTH AND
OTHERS HAVE TALKED ABOUT MUSCLE
AND THOSE NEEDS TO HELP FUEL AND
THROUGH OUT LIFE AND CAUSE
OUTCOMES AND A SYNERGISTIC TASK
ON QUALITY AND INTAKE AND THAT
BALANCE IS EPIDEMIC WE THINK
WILL DIETARY INTAKE AND PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY AND I WOULD LIKE THE
LENS OF OK, THE PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY FACILITATES AND THE A
LOT TO INCREASE OUR NUTRIENT
QUALITY AND THESE ARE ENERGY
NEEDS THAT IN A SEDENTARY FOUR
TO 8-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, YOU CAN
REQUIRE 1200 CALORIES A DAY BUT
IF YOU ARE ACTIVE, IT'S 600 MORE
CALORIES A DAY YOU MIGHT NEED
AND HAVE MORE ABILITY TO CONSUME
THOSE NUTRIENTS THAT ARE
DEFICIENT OF OF CONCERN AND 18
MONEY FOR A LITTL1800FOR A OLDER MALE UP T O
2600 CALORIES A DAY.
THAT'S A DIFFERENCE OF GETTING
IN HIGH-QUALITY FOODS AND
MEETING THOSE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS.
THEY ARE REALLY NO DIFFERENT AND
FOR PHYSICALLY ACTIVE CHILD AND
THE LEAD ATHLETE VERSUS
SEDENTARY CHILD SON THE SCALE OF
THOSE NEEDS.
CLEARLY, ON THE HIGH-END AND IS
IT WE TALKED ABOUT BRANCH CHAIN
AMINO AS KIDS AND IT IS REALLY
FOR BEING ACTIVE AND HEALTHY AND
CLEARLY VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM
FOR BONE HEALTH AND GROWTH AND
CONNIE BROUGHT UP THE ISSUES
WITH DAIRY AND MILK CONSUMPTION
AND IRON AND OXYGEN AND FEELING
COMFORTABLE AND AEROBIC ACTIVITY
BEING A HEALTHY NORM FOR
CHILDREN AND OF COURSE, THERE
ARE, QUALITY IN GENERAL.
WE CAN'T DISCOUNT THE NUTRIENTS
THAT MIGHT BE DEFICIENT OR
CONCERNED IF THEY'RE OFFSET BY
SUGAR, HIGH-SUGAR BEVERAGES THAT
MAKE HUGE IMPACTS COME LATER IN
THOSE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEARS
AND MIDDLE SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL
YEARS AND HOW THAT MAY IMPACT
BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCLE MASS,
ABILITY TO BE ACTIVE AND EVEN IF
YOU ARE CONSUMING A LOT OF SUGAR
HOW IT IMPACTS YOUR ABILITY TO
WANT TO MOVE OR VICE VERSA AND
LASTLY HYDRATION.
ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE, DEMANDS
ON ELECTRO LIGHTS WITH ACTIVITY
AND ALSO YOU KNOW, BEING
HYDRATED IS VERY IMPORTANT.
A CONCERN WITH ELECTRIC
BEVERAGES AND ENERGY DRINKS
ACROSS THE BOARD TO BEING
PROMOTED ACROSS DOMESTICALLY AND
GLOBALLY.
SO WITH THAT, JUST THINK ABOUT
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THAT
PHYSIOLOGY THAT GOES WITH IT
BEING A FACILITATOR OF GOOD DIET
QUALITY ENERGY NEEDS AND
NUTRIENT NEEDS AND THEY GO HAND
AND HAND SO WITH THAT, THANK
YOU.
>> THANK YOU, JENN, FOR A NICE
OVERVIEW.
I APPRECIATE IT.
NEXT WE HAVE OCEA WHO WILL TALK
ABOUT METABOLISM.
>> CAN YOU ALL SEE MY SLIDES
PROPERLY?
>> YES.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
I WOULD LIKE TO ESPECIALLY
ACKNOWLEDGE MY GRADUATE STUDENTS
WHO PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN HELPING
THIS PRESENTATION.
AND OF COURSE RON FOR HIS
VALUABLE INPUT.
SO, AS YOU HAVE ALREADY SEEN,
METABOLISM HAPPENS IN VARIOUS
TISSUES AND I'M GOING TO NOT
REPEAT WHAT'S GONE BEFORE ME BUT
WOULD LIKE TO SAY I HAVE NO
DISCLOSE YOURS AND AS WE THINK
ABOUT WHAT IS NEW TRE NUTRIENT
METABOLISM, THE IDEA IS THAT
NUTRIENTS ARE METABOLIZED, FIRST
TO PRODUCE ENERGY AND OBVIOUSLY
TO SUPPORT HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGY,
ALL THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROCESSES WHICH HAVE BEEN
COVERED SO FAR.
AND CLASSIC SORT OF NUTRITION
101 WE THINK OF MACRO NUTRIENTS
AND THE ONES THAT PROVIDE AND
BROKEN DOWN TO ENERGY AND
CALCIUM IS A MINERAL THERE AND
IT COULD BE -- IT'S NOT A MICRO
KNEW TREE ENTERS BUT WE HAVE THE
VITAMINS AND MINERALS THAT HAVE
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AND BROADLY
SPEAKING, WHEN YOU THINK OF
METABOLIC PROCESSES IT STARTS
ALL THE WAY FROM DIGESTION, WE
TALKED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
BIOVAIL ABILITY, HOW DIFFERENT
NUTRIENTS GETS ABSORBED AND
TRANSPORTATION, UTILIZATION AND
EXCRETION, WHAT WAS MENTIONED AT
THE BEGINNING, THESE PROCESSES
ARE OF NUTRIENT GETTING TO THE
CELLS.
MATURE BY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND
THEY CAN BE, THEY HAVE THE
POTENTIAL TO BE INFLUENCED
ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE THROUGH
BOTH EXTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC
FACT AND WE TALKED ABOUT SEX,
GENDER, AND VARIATIONS AND
THERE'S A LOT OF INTEREST IN THE
ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME, THAT
AGAIN MAY CHANGE DURING THIS
PERIOD.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO KEEP IN MIND
THAT WE'RE NOT JUST WHAT
INADEQUATE INTAKES, TOO MUCH OF
SOMETHING CAN BE BAD FOR YOU AND
CAUSE DISRUPTION OF OF
METABOLISM.
IN TERMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGE
PERIOD, I THINK IT'S BEEN LAID
OUT WE CANNOT LEAVE THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIRST 1,000
DAYS, QUITE A FEW OF US HERE
HAVE ACTUALLY FOCUSED ON THAT
AND AS WE TRANSITION, THIS IS IS
IMPORTANT BRIDGE BETWEEN 1,000
DAYS.
VARIOUS CHANGES THAT COULD
INFLUENCE METABOLISM DIRECT LOW
AND INDIRECT LOW AS SHOWN OVER
HERE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
APPETITE, DIET PATTERNS, CHANGES
IN THE INDO CHRONOLOGY AND THE
INCREASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF METABOLISM.
WE HAVE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS
BUT WE KNOW, AS THE PROBLEM OF
OVER WEIGHT AND OBESITY IS
INCREASING WHILE WE STILL HAVE
UNDER NUTRITION AND ANEMIA AND
OTHER PROBLEMS.
THERE'S THIS REGULATION OF NON
METABOLIC PROCESSES THAT HAPPENS
OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND THE
QUESTION IS WHAT DO WE KNOW
ABOUT THIS IN THE SCHOOL AGE
PERIOD?
THE PREVIOUS SPEAKERS HAVE
ALREADY GONE INTO DETAIL ABOUT
THE CHANGES THAT HAPPEN WITH
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BUT FROM
A METABOLIC PERSPECTIVE WHAT IS
IMPORTANT IS WHILE WE HAVE A
CRETION WHETHER IT'S WEIGHT
GAIN, MOST OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS,
WHICH ARE INVOLVED CENTRALLY IN
META BOLISM, WHETHER WE TALK
ABOUT THE LIVER, THE KIDNEY, THE
PANCREAS -- WE LOCKED AT LOOKED AT OTHER
FUNCTIONAL MEASURES WHEN IT'S
RESPIRATION GRADE OR BLOOD
PRESSURE AND ONCE AGAIN YOU SEE
THAT THERE ARE CHANGES THAT
HAPPEN RAPIDLY THROUGH AGE FIVE
AND STABLATION, THAT HAPPENS,
NOT THAT MANY CHANGES, THE
VALUES DURING THE SCHOOL-AGE
PERIOD OF PRETTY CLOSE TO WHAT
WE HAVE AS ADULTS.
SO I'M GOING TO FOCUS THE REST
OF MY PRESENTATION A BIT ON SORT
OF WHOLE-BODY ENERGY METABOLISM
AND THIS IS SORT OF SOMETHING
WE'RE FAMILIAR WITH AND BROAD
LOW THAT ARE CONTRIBUTORS TO
TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IS OUR
BASIC METABOLIC GRADE AND MY
PREVIOUS SPEAKER ALREADY TALKED
ABOUT THE MOST MODIFIABLE ONE
IS, YOU KNOW, WHAT WE EXPEND AS
A RESULT OF ACTIVITY.
WHEN WE LOOK AT CHANGES IN
METABOLISM DURING CHILDHOOD,
CLEARLY AGE RELATED CHANGES IN
SOME OF THESE BASIC COP NOT
TENSE BASED ON METABOLISM AND
FOOD (INAUDIBLE) BUT WHAT WE
FIND IS A LOT OF THOSE CHANGES
AGAIN HAPPEN REALLY EARLY AND
THEN THERE'S THIS GRADUAL
DECLINE IN BASIC METABOLIC GRADE
AS IT APPROACHES WHAT WE SEE IN
ADULT LEVELS AND WE DON'T SEE
ANY AND, ALSO, AS THERE ARE
CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION, AND
UNEVEN GROWTH OF THE ORIGINS WE
FIND DIFFERENCES IN THE ENERGY
UTILIZED BY THE BODY AS A WHOLE
AND IT'S A COMBINATION OF THE
TOTAL VOLUME OF THESE ORGANS AND
THE BRAIN CONTRIBUTES 12% OF
METABOLISM AND THE NEWBORN AND
IT REALLY DROPS DOWN
SIGNIFICANTLY AND IT WOULD BE
NICE IF WE COULD HAVE OUR BRAINS
USE MORE ENERGY TO HELP US BUT
THEY'RE ALSO CHANGES IN THE
METABOLIC ACT WITH THE ORGANS
ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE SO JUST
SEE HOW A 1-YEAR-OLD LOOKS HERE
RELATIVE TO, THERE ARE SHIFTS.
THE MAIN MESSAGE IS A LOT OF
THESE SHIFTS HAPPEN QUITE EARLY
IN LIFE.
WE SEE AGE DEPENDENT CHANGES IN
TERMS OF METABOLIC GRADE AND
THESE ARE INTERTWINED WITH YOUR
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THE
DEVELOPMENT CHANGES AND THIS IS
NOT A RECENT ONE BUT SHOWS HOW
THE ENERGY EXPENDITURES AS YOU
TALK ABOUT DIFFERENT ORGANS
CHANGES AND THERE ARE SOME
ORGANS THAT ARE MORE SENSITIVE
DURING THE SCHOOL-AGE PERIOD
THAT YOU CAN SEE OVER HERE IN
THIS DIAGRAM WHERE OTHERS THAT
ARE STEADILY INCREASING.
THE LENGTH BETWEEN THE ENERGY
THAT CAUSED BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
AND WEIGHT GAIN IS SOMETHING
IMPORTANT.
MICHAEL ALREADY POINTED OUT
ABOUT THE CHANGES IN THE
VULNERABILITIES AND WHEN YOU
THINK IN TERMS OF ENERGY
METABOLISM, THE UTILIZATION OF
GLUCOSE HAS BEEN LOOKED AT AND
SOME OF OF THIS HAS BEEN CAT
CHARACTERIZED SHOWING THE TRADE
OFF OF UTILIZATION OF ENERGY BY
THE BRAIN VERSUS GROWTH IN THIS
GRAPH HERE AND THESE DIFFERENT
GRAPHS SO AGAIN, THE MAIN
MESSAGES, YOU KNOW, THERE'S SORT
OF THE STABILIZATION THAT
HAPPENS BY AGE FIVE AND THEN
THERE'S A LIGH SLIGHT DECLINE IN THE
UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE BY THE
BRAIN IN THESE GRAPHS AND IT'S
MIMICKED IN OTHER MEASURES OF
GLUCOSE UTILIZATION.
THE OTHER AREA OF CONSIDERABLE
INTEREST IS EXAMINING CHANGES IN
TISSUE.
WE KNOW THAT BODY COMPETITION
CHANGES.
THERE'S ACCUMULATION OF ADDIE
POST TISSUE AND GIVEN THE
OBESITY EPIDEMIC, THE CONCERNS
OF OVER FEEDING ARE PROBLEMS OF
DIET QUALITY IS GAPS IN
UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT COULD
CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTHY VERSUS
UNHEALTHY ADD A POST TISSUE
EXPANSION SO, THIS FIGURE RIGHT
HERE YOU SEE IS THE DEVELOPMENT
TRAJECTORY OF BODY FAT, HERE IN
STARTING FROM THE FIRST 1,000
DAYS THROUGH EARLY CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENTS AND WE HAVE ALL SEEN
THIS SEVERAL TIMES THAT OUR
DIFFERENCES BY GENDER BUT THE
KEY IS, WHERE IS THE FAT BEING
ACCUMULATED, WHAT ARE THE ROLE
OF SOME OF THE ADD A POST
RELATED HORMONES?
IT'S STILL SOMETHING THAT IS NOT
ENTIRELY UNDERSTOOD.
AND AS A GAP AND I THINK
DEFINITELY FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
AS WE THINK ABOUT HOW DOES THE
TRACK INTO ADULTHOOD AND
DEVELOPMENT OF NON COMMUNEICABLE
DISEASES.
WE HAVE REVIEWS SHOWING HOW THIS
IS HAPPENING AT VARIOUS LIFE
STAGES.
MANY OF YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH
THE CRITICAL PER IDEA OF THE PER
IDEA WHEN PROGRAMMING IS
HAPPENING AND THE EXPOSURE TO
DISREGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM DURING PREGNANCY AND
TOXINS, ET CETERA, THAT MAY HAVE
LONG-TERM EFFECTS BUT CLEAR LOW
THEY MAY GET MODIFIED BY THE
EXPOSURES THAT ARE HAPPENING
DURING INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD AND
THIS IS SORT OF WHAT WE ARE
ZONING IN ON AND AGAIN, WE'VE
TALKED ABOUT THE ROLE OF
HORMONES DOING DIFFERENTIAL AND
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND ALSO, IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT
TO UNDERSTAND THIS IS A PERIOD
WHERE DIET PATTERNS AND QUALITY
TEND TO HAVE A NEW TREE ENTER A NUTRIENT F OCUS
BUT THE TYPE OF FOOD MAY BE
IMPORTANT AND PLAY A ROLE IN
METABOLISM.
>> CAN YOU WRAP IT UP?
>> YES.
>> THANK YOU.
>> SO, MY LAST SLIDE, JUST ONE
THING TO KEEP IN MIND,.
>> ARE ESTABLISHED AND WHAT WE
DO NOT ENTIRELY UNDERSTAND IS DO
CHANGES IN METABOLISM DURING
THIS TIME PERIOD MATTER FOR
LATER OUTCOMES AND IF THERE ARE
BIOMARKERS OF METABOLISM AND
HEALTH DURING THIS PERIOD THAT
WE COULD MEASURE AND TRACK,
THANK YOU, VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU, I APPRECIATE IT.
THE LAST OF OUR SYSTEMS
PRESENTERS ON THE COMMITTEE IS
JURMINA GERARDY ON IMMUNO
COMPETENCE.
>> HI, EVERYONE.
I'M HAVING CONNECTION PROBLEMS
SO I'M GOING TO SHOW MY FACE TO
SAY HI AND TO USE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO THANK DAN AND DO
YOU FOR IN INVITINDREW FOR IN INVITING ME.
I'M HAPPY TO BE PART OF THIS
IMPORTANT INITIATIVE.
I'M GOING TO STOP THE VIDEO AND
SHARE MY SCREEN WITH YOU GUYS.
SO, FIRST OF ALL, WHY HAVE
ANYTHING TO DECLARE -- I AM
STILL MUTE?
>> WE DON'T SEE YOUR SLIDES.
CAN YOU SHARE YOUR SCREEN?
>> THAT IS WHAT I'M DOING.
>> WE CAN PULL THEM UP FOR YOU
IF YOU LIKE?
>> OH MY GOD, THIS IS REALLY
CHANGE.
I CAN SEE THEM ON MY SCREEN.
YES, THANK YOU, PLEASE.
WE SEE THEM?
>> CAN YOU SEE THEM WHEN I MOVE
THEM?
>> SAY NEXT SLIDE.
>> I JUST CAN SEE MINE ONLY.
I'VE BEEN HAVING TROUBLE.
>> SHOW YOU CLOSURE SIDES SO YOU CAN SEE
THE SCREEN.
>> I CAN ONLY SEE MINE.
>> CLOSE YOUR SLIDES.
>> I DON'T HAVE THAT OPTION NOW.
OH MY GOD.
>> START AT THE FIRST SLIDE AND
WHEN YOU ADVANCE YOUR SLIDE JUST
SAY NEXT SLIDE.
AND IMMUNOLOGY I'M GOING TO USE
THE NEXT EIGHT MINUTES TO SHOW
YOU AND ILLUSTRATE HOW IMPORTANT
IS THE INTER PLAY AND CROSS TALK
BETWEEN NUTRITION AND THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM.
AND THE IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS
THAT THESE CROSS TALK HAS AND
YOU SAY BY DIRECTIONAL ONE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, THERE'S SUCH AN IMPORTANT
FACTORS THAT WE NEED TO
RECOGNIZE THEY CAN MODULATE IN
THE SYSTEM AND THEY WILL HAVE
TIME TO TALK ABOUT THEM NOW BUT
I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT, I WANT
TO HIGHLIGHT THEIR IMPORTANCE
AND ONE IS SOMETHING THAT WAS
DESCRIBED THE UT ERIN
ENVIRONMENT AND THE PROGRAM AND
EVENTS AND ALSO BREASTFEEDING
THAT IS GOING TO HAVE A
PARTICULAR IMPACT ON THE
DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE
SYSTEM AND OF COURSE WE CAN'T
FORGET ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS.
AND THE CROSS TALK BETWEEN
NUTRITION AND THE DEVELOPMENT
AND FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
SO, THIS SLIDE IS TO SHOW YOU
THE M MATURATION THROUGH TIME SO
HERE WE HAVE THE KEY
DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS AND THESE
OF CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE AND SO
THE NEW RESPONSES MEASURE BY THE
AMOUNT OF IMMUNO AND DNA.
WHEN WE ARE BORN WE HAVE IMMUNO
FROM THE MOTHER COMING THROUGH
THE PLACENTA AND THEY'RE CLEARED
IN THE FIRST MONTH SO AT THIS
TIME AND THERE'S A DEFICIENCY IN
THE RAPID IMMUNE RESPONSE BUT
RIGHT DURING BIRTH THE CELLS
START PRODUCING ANTIBODIES AND
BY THE AGE OF 10, A CHILD HAS
THE SAME MORE OR LESS AMOUNT OF
AN ADULT IN REGARDS TO ADAPTIVE
IMMUNITY.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
SO, THE NUTRITION STATUS OF A
CHILD IS A DIFFERENT LEVEL.
IT CAN IMPACT THE PHYSICAL
BARRIERS THAT IS PART OF AN
INNATE IMMUNITY LIKE SKIN,
INTESTINAL MUCUS 'EM BRAI MEMBRANE.
THE MIKE OWE BUY UM IN THE NEXT
SLIDES AND ALSO THE INNATE AND
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY THAT HAS TO DO
WITH ALL THE INFLAMMATORY CELLS
AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAS A
IMPACT ON NUTRITION AND
INFLUENCES THAT THE
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FOOD.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
THIS VERY COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC
INTER PLAY BETWEEN MALNUTRITION
THAT ONE IS THE MIKE OWE BIOME
AND THESE LINKS ARE PARTICULARLY
IMPORTANT IN THE IMPLICATIONS OF
THESE CROSS TALK WITH HEALTH AND
DISEASE SO, THE MICROBIOME ARE
IMPORTANT MODULATORS OF THE
DISEASE AND THEY'VE BEEN RELATED
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASE BUT NON COMMUNE I CANAL
ABLE DISEASE.
LET'S FOCUS ON THE THERE'S BEEN
A LOT TRYING TO THEY SHOW THE
PLACENTA AND THE AMNIOTIC NOW I
HAD WERE POSITIVE FOR BACTERIA
AND THIS WAS DUE TO
CONTAMINATION.
WE HAVE TO ASSUME THAT BABIES
ARE ACTUALLY BORN WITHOUT ANY
BACTERIA AND IN PARTICULAR
BECAUSE THEN THE MICROBIOME
DEVELOPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND
BABIES BORN FROM C-SECTIONS THEY
HAVE A MICRO AND THOSE BORN AND
BY THEY HAVE MORE FOR THE
NUTRITIONAL UPTAKE AND IT IS A
CRITICAL ROLE IN EDUCATING AND
DEVELOPING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND
HOW THE NUTRITION EFFECTS THE
MICROBIOME AND BABIES HAVE A
DIFFERENT MICROBIOME IF WE
COMPARE THOSE THAT ARE GREAT
FEEDING.
NUTRIENTS EFFECT THE GUT
MICROBIOME IN BOTH.
THE MODIFIED AND NUTRIENTS THEY
CAN AFFECT HEALTH.
SO UNDERSTANDING HOW THE
MICROBIOME INTERACTS AND TO
WEIGHT CHANGE THESE MICROBIOME
AND TOWARDS A STATE OF LIFELONG
HEALTH.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
SO HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF
DIFFERENT DIET TARRY PATTERNS
AND THE CHANGES THAT THEY INDUCE
IN THE MICROBIOME.
AND THE FUNCTION SO HERE ARE THE
DIETS THAT AREN'T HEALTHY AND
THEY ARE THE MORE HEALTHIER ONE,
THE PRE BOY O PROBIOTICS AND IMPORTANT IN
RED AND METABOLITES THAT ARE AND
YOU CAN SEE HERE THAT THE DIETS
ARE MORE RELATED TO DISEASE AND
THE GREEN ONE ARE TOWARDS A
HEALTHY STATE.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
SO MICRO BOY OWN PLAYS A CRUCIAL
ROLE IN DISEASE AND THERE'S BEEN
A LOT OF STUDIES IN THIS REGARD
AND A LOT OF DIFFERENT HAVE BEEN
INDICATED IN DIFFERENT ADDITION
CEASES FROM METABOLIC DISEASE
AND TO BE RELATED TO OWE BE OBESITY AND
IT'S IMPORTANT AND THE MICRO BUY
HAS SHOWN A CRUCIAL ROLE AND THE
GUT BRAIN ACCESS BY DIRECTIONAL
ONE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AND THEY
ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AUTISM AND
THEY'RE ARE CERTAIN SPECIES
RELATED TO DIFFERENT
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS SUCH AS
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION.
MANY DISEASE HAVE MICRO BUY OAT
TA FROM ALLERGY, CELIAC DISEASE,
TYPE ONE DIABETES AND NEXT SLIDE
PLEASE, I PUT TO ROW MIND MYSELF
AND 80% OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED
WITH ALL THE OWE IMMUN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ARE
WOMEN AND A NEED TO HIGHLIGHT
AND ONSET OF LUPUS FOR EXAMPLE
IN GIRLS AND IS BETWEEN 15 AND
19 AND THERE ARE A LOT OF
THEORIES TRYING TO EXPLAIN WHY
WOMEN AND SO THERE HAVE BEEN
HYPOTHESIS REGARDING CHANGES IN
HORMONES, GENES THEY CAN BE A
PARTICULAR CONTRIBUTE TO THE
PATHOGENESIS OF THESE
GENDER-SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASES.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
SO, I HAVE TO RUSH BUT ABOUT THE
MICROBIOME AND WE'RE GOING TO
LINK BETWEEN NUTRITION AND
DISEASE.
WE NEED TO MOVE ON TO OUR
INVITED SPEAKERS.
WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT THE INFLAM
A SOME SO TO USE METABOLITES OF
THE EXCESS THE BUILDUP THAT IS
PRODUCED PLUS THE ONES THAT ARE
GENERATED BY THE MICROBIOME CAN
INDUCE INFLAMMATION AND THIS
LEADS TO INCREASING INFLAMMATORY
CYTOKINES THAT ARE GOING TO
BE -- THIS IS WHAT IS CALLED
STERILE INFLAMMATION BECAUSE
IT'S INDUCED BY DANGEROUS
INSTEAD OF BATH OWE AGAINST AND
METABOLIC AS WELL AS LIKE DREW
DESCRIBED, THEY ARE GOING TO BE
AFFECTING GROWTH.
THEY HAVE BEEN POSTURE LATED TO
HAVE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND THIS
CAN BE DONE BY THE DIET SO HERE
ARE DIETS THAT INHABIT AND DIETS
THAT INDUCE INFLAM OSEM.
I'M GOING AND THE LETTERS
DIVERSE MICROBIOME.
ALSO SUBSTANCE AND COP TENTS AND
AND SOP I'M GOING TO FINISH WITH
THIS ONE ABOUT NUTRITION AND FEX
WE KNOW ABOUT THESE CYCLE AND SO
EXPOSURE TO INTESTINAL PATHOGENS
WITH DUE TO NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY
IS GOING TO CAUSE INFLAMMATION
OF THE GUT AND AN INCREASE IN
THE DECREASE INCREASE PER MOW
ABILITY OR REDUCE FUNCTION AND
THAT'S GOING TO LET NOT ONLY
BACTERIA BUT IT IS AND OF COURSE
THIS IS GOING TO LEAD TO AN
CROWS IN INFECTION GETTING TO A
FULL CYCLE.
NEXT ONE, PLEASE.
NEXT ONE, SO HOW CAN WE ASSESS
THE OUTCOMES OF NUTRITION ON THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM IN SCHOOL-AGE
CHILDREN SO SOME OF THE MEASURES
THAT I SUGGEST IS MEASURING THE
NUMBER OF ALLERGIES AND CASES
THAT THEY DEVELOP SO WHEN THEY
ARE YOUNG FOOD ALLERGIES ARE THE
MAIN ONES AND FEVERS AND
DIARREAH AND SICK DAYS AND WE
KNOW THAT CHILDREN OF
SCHOOL-AGE, MOST OF OF THE SICK
DAYS ARE DUE TO INFECTIOUS
DISEASES AND THE BACTERIA AND
BREASTFEEDING IF THEY LIVE IN A
RURAL AREA AND HOW MUCH OUR
DIRECT IS PRACTICED.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
>> THANK YOU.
THAT CONCLUDES OUR COMMITTEES
AND OF THE SYSTEMS AND WE HAVE
HAVE --
>> WE CAN FIND IT.
NOW I CAN'T SEE ANYTHING.
SORRY.
WORLDWIDE BUT THE MODEL I'LL
INTERESTING IN MAY APPLY MORE
WIDELY.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, WE HAVE USED TO THINK THESE
DISEASE HAVE THEIR ONSET IN THE
MIDDLE AGE ASSOCIATED WITH
UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLES AND OBESITY
AND SMOKING AND O SON AND THEY
CLUSTERED IN FAMILY AND THEY
MIGHT HAVE A GENETIC BASIS.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS AND
THINGS THAT HAPPEN IN EARLY LIFE
CAN LEAVE LONG LASTING EFFECTS
AND WE'VE HAD THE IDEA OF
CRITICAL NUMBERS OF SPEAKERS
HAVE PREFERRED TO AND VARY A
LOTS THAT EMERGED EARLY AND
LATER INTO THE LIFE COURSE.
AND SO, OVER ALL IT'S GIVEN US A
NEW PERSPECTIVE ON COMMUNE I CAN
ABLE DISEASE RISK AND THERE'S
PLASTICITY IN ADULTHOOD AND
THAT'S WHAT WE TRY TO INFLUENCE
WITH OUR PUBLIC-HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS BUT THERE'S ALWAYS
PLASTICITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND NO ALL
THE AGES.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND JUST TO EMPHASIZE THAT NON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE HAVE A
GREAT IMPACT AND LOW AND MIDDLE
INCOME COUNTRIES AS YOU CAN SEE
HERE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, THIS IS A VERY SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING
THE CAPACITY LOAD MODEL OF
CHRONIC DISEASE RISK AND BUILDS
ON THE PINOT TYPE AND WE EXPLAIN
THE RISK OF METABOLIC DISEASES
SUCH AS DIABETES OR HEART
DISEASE ON THE LEFT AND Y AXIS
AND THIS SHOWS AN INTERACTIVE
DOSE RESPONSE MODEL WHERE THE
FRONT YOU CAN SEE, WHAT I CALL
METABOLIC CAPACITY THIS IS
SIMPLY THE CAPACITY TO MAINTAIN
HOMEY OWE STAY IS, KEEP THE BODY
IN GOOD PREVENTION AND AGING IN
THE EMERGENCE OF DISEASE.
THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE, WE HAVE
METABOLIC LOAD.
ALL THE COMPONENTS OF AN
UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE OR PHYSICAL
STRAITS THAT ARE NOT GOOD FOR
HEALTH AND THOSE CHALLENGES' OWE CHALLENGE S
HOMEY OWE STAY SIS.
SO THE HIGHEST RISKY MERGE IN
THOSE STARTED LIFE WITH A POOR
METABOLIC CAPACITY BUT WENT ON
TO DEVELOP A HIGHER METABOLIC
LOAD SO IT TRIES TO EMPHASIS
THAT YOU CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND
WHAT ONE COMPONENT IS DOING IF
YOU KNOW THE OTHER.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO THAT WAS THE MODEL AND THROW
ARE U.S. COHORTS OF WOMEN WHICH
SHOW STRONG SUPPORT FOR THIS
APPROACH.
WE HAVE BIRTH WEIGHT, ONE MARKER
AT THE FRONT AND LOOKING AT
PREDICTING THE RELATIVE RISK OF
DIABETES AND UP THE RIGHT-HAND
SIDE WE HAVE AN INCREASING
NUMBER OF UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE
FACTORS AND UNHEALTHY DIET, HIGH
BMI AND SO ON.
IF YOU ARE HEALTHY ADULT AT THE
FRONT OF THE GRAPH, WITH A
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE, LOW METABOLIC
LOAD, THERE'S NO ASSOCIATION OF
BIRTH WEIGHT WITH DIABETES RISK.
WE'RE NOT CHALLENGING METABOLIC
CAPACITY.
THE BACK OF THE GRAPH IF YOU ARE
AN UNHEALTHY ADULT WE ARE
CHALLENGING THE CAPACITY AT THE
HOMEOSTASIS.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
IN EACH QUAIS COMPARED TO BMI.
SO I THINK THIS IS VERY
IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SUGGEST
HOW CHILDREN GROW AND IT GOES
BEYOND THE DIABETES AND HEART
DISEASE.
SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
LISTENING.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
JONATHAN, THAT WAS VERY
FASCINATING.
VERY COMPLIMENTARY TO WHAT
WE'VE BEEN DOING.
SO THE NEXT SPEAKER IS AARON
BARBIE WHO'S GOING TO BE GOING
TO BE SPEAKING TO US FROM THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FROM THE
INTERSECTION OF NUERO THEOLOGY.
AARON?
>> THANK YOU, CONNIE, IT'S A
PLEASURE TO BE HERE.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK DAN FOR
THIS LAB.
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MEMBERS
OF OUR LAB WHO HAVE MADE
IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO SEE
THE WORK THAT I'LL BE
PRESENTING.
I ALSO LIKE TO RECOGNIZE SOME
OF THE WORK THAT I'LL BE
PRESENTING IS SPONSORED BY ABBY
NUTRITION.
WITH THE ADVENT OF PREVISION
MEDICINE, CLINICIANS RIN
CREASINGLY ABLE TO USE
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE
RESPONSE TO TREATMENT TO
RECEIVE BETTER PATIENT OUTCOME.
PERSONATIONS MAY ALSO BE
POSSIBLE BUT IT WILL DEPENDING
ON ACHIEVING A BETTER
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW NUTRITION
SHAPES INDIVIDUAL OF THE HUMAN
BRAIN.
AND THIS IS A CENTRAL FOCUS OF
RESEARCH OF NUERO SCIENCE, WE
SEEM TO UNDERSTAND NUTRITION
IMPACT OF HUMAN NUTRITION.
HOUR RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD,
INDICATES THAT THE BENEFICIAL
AFFECTS OF DIET AND NUTRITION,
UNCOGNENT PERFORMANCE
SUGGESTING THAT IN FACT THERE
MAY BE PARTICULAR MECHANIC
MIFMS OF ACTION IN THE BRAIN
THAT UNDER LIE THE BENEFICIAL
AFFECTS OF SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
ON PARTICULAR FAUCET OF
COGNITIVE NUTRITION.
AND BRAIN FUNCTION HAS
IMPORTANT COMPLICATIONS FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN HEALTH,
AGING AND DISEASE.
AND TODAY I'LL FOCUS ON RESOENT
HELP WHICH INVESTIGATES
DIFFERENCES AND DIFFERENT WORK
ORGANIZATION AND FIRNT SEE OF
THE HUMAN BRAIN.
AS AN EXAMPLE WE CONDUCTED A
STUDY RESEARCH SCIENTIST THAT
EXPLORED HOW A NUTRIENT MARKER
IS SHAPED INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES AND BRAIN
CONNECTIVITY FOCKING ON OMEGA-3
AND FATTY ACIDS.
AND AS PAPER WE'RE ABLE TO
DEMONSTRATE THE DIFFERENCE NZ
OMEGA-3 AND FATTY ACIDS STATUS
WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES IN FUNCTIONAL BRAIN
CONNECTIVITY SPECIFICALLY
WITHIN REGION OF THE CORTEX.
THESE REGIONS WHICH COMPRISES
OF DEFAULT NETWORK ARE KNOWN TO
DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANTABLE
ATROPHY THAT OMEGA-3 AND FATTY
ACIDS MAY TARGET REGIONS IN THE
BRAIN THAT WE FWHOE IS
CONNECTED WITH THE AGE.
THE NUTRITION AND SHAPING
INDIVIDUAL SHAPESES AND BRAIN
CONNECTIVITY FURTHER SUGGEST
THAT BRAIN HEALTH MAY BE
PERSONALIZED.
AND THIS RESONATES WITH THE
RESEARCH IN PRECISION MEDICINE
WHICH DEMONSTRATE BIOLOGICAL
CONTINUAL DISEASE THINKING
ABOUT DISEASE IN TERMS OF
CHARACTERISTICS, INDIVIDUALS
MAY HAVE IDEAL HEALTH, THOSE
THAT MAY ALREADY DEMONSTRATE
RISK FACTORS AND THOSE THAT IN
DEED ALREADY HAVE DISEASE.
AND THIS PRECISION APPROACH
REALLY QUESTIONS THE CURRENT
PERSPECTIVE ON CLINICAL TRIALS
THAT THERE MAY BE ABLE TO BE
ONE FHENO TYPE AND INSTEAD WE
NEED TO INVESTIGATE VARIATION
IN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN
RESPONSE TO MULTIPLE
DIFFERENCES.
IN THE CAN TEXT OF DIET AND
NUTRITION, THERE ARE A VARIETY
OF FACTORS THAT MAY KBT TO THE
DIFFERENCE ENO TYPES.
FOR EXAMPLE, RENL FACTORS,
PHYSICAL, SOCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF COURSE FOOD
SYSTEMS, NUTRIENT EXPOSURE AND
STATUS AND ALSO THE BROWDER
HEALTH CONTEXT THINKING ABOUT
BIOLOGICAL MEASURES, BRAIN
HEALTH AND ALSO GENETICS, AND
PHYSICAL FITNESS WHICH DREW AND
DAN, HAVE COINED COLLECTIVELY
REPRESENT THE NUTRITIONAL
COLLAGEN.
SO WE NEED IN THE SERVICE OF
PERSONALIZED NUTRITION TO BUILD
A SOUND FOUNDATION FOR
PERSONALIZED SOLUTION TO SEE
HELP BRAIN AGING.
AND SO TODAY I'LL TALK BRIEFLY
ABOUT THE KINDS OF MENT LOGICAL
APPROACHES THAT WE'VE USED IN
NUTRITION.
IT BEGINS TYPICALLY BY
EVALUATING MODERATING FACTORS.
WE AIM TO BUILD A KNOWLEDGE
BASE THAT INVESTIGATES
SPECIFICALLY HOW NUTRITION
MIGHT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
MODERATING THE BENEFICIAL
AFFECTS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED ON
BRAIN HEALTH AND COGNITION.
WE AIM TO ESTABLISH MAPS OF THE
NUTRIENTS AND ECOLOGICAL
FACTORS, AGAIN MODERATING BRAIN
HEALTH.
AND WITH THOSE KNOWN MODERATING
FACTORS,WE CAN THEN FOCUS ON
PERSONALIZATION IN THE SERVICE
OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION, THAT
WE CAN BUILD CUSTOMIZE DECISION
TREES, FOR ARTICULATING THE
SELECTED BENEFITS.
THE DIET AND NUTRITION THAT WE
HAVE ON BRAIN HEALTH AND
LEARNING IN AI ALLOWING US TO
CREATE ALGORITHMS THAT HAVE
DEEPER PERSONALIZATION CAPACITY.
SO WITH RESPECT TO BUILDING A
KNOWLEDGE BASE, WE WORKED AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, TO
IDENTIFY NUTRIENT BIOMARKERS,
AND BIOMARKER PATTERNS THAT MAY
HAVE AFFECTS ON BRAIN COGNITION.
AND WE'VE CONDUCTED LARGE SCALE
LONGITUDE STUDY IN HELPING
OLDER ADULTS, APPROXIMATELY 140
HEALTHY ADULTS BETWEEN THE AGES
OF 65 AND 75.
AND WE HAVE MEASURED VARIETY OF
CHARACTERISTICS INVESTIGATING
BLOOD BASE BIO MARKERS AND
NUTRITIONAL STATUS, MEASURES OF
PHYSICAL FITNESS, DAILY
EXERCISE AND SOCIAL FUNCTION
AND HEALTH, COGNITIVE
ASSESSMENT, INVESTIGATING FOR
EXAMPLE, MEASURES OF THE
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION LEARNING
MEMORY AND OF COURSE, A WIDE
RANGING BRAIN IMAGING
ASSESSMENT LOOKING AT RESTING
STATE CONNECTIVITY.
MEASURING STRUCTURAL
CONNECTIVITY INCLUDING TRACKS,
CRITICAL THINKER, SEREBRAL AND
WE'VE DEPLOYED A NOVEL
TECHNIQUE THIS THIS CONTEXT
THAT ALLOWS US TO EXAMINE
DIFFERENCES AND ARCHITECTURE
INTEGRITY.
OF COURSE WE'VE ALREADY
EXPLORED MOLECULAR GENETICS AND
MARKERS.
SO TODAY I WILL NOT HAVE TIME
TO GO INTO EXTENSIVE DETAIL BUT
I WANT TO PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE
THAT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN
NUTRIENT MARKERS ON ONE HAND
AND CONNECTIVITY.
THIS IS A STUDY LEAD BY OUR
FELLOW CHRIS THAT INVESTIGATES
MEASURES IN THE AGING BRAIN.
HERE WE ASKED A 32 KNEW TRAOENS
THAT UNDERLINE THE
MEDITERRANEAN DIET, THAT
INCLUDES VITAMINS AND FATTY
ACIDS, AND WE APPLIED PRINCIPLE
ANALYSIS TO CHARACTERISTIC 10
VARIANT BIO MARKER PATTERNS
THAT INDEX THE MEDITERRANEAN
DIET.
WE INVESTIGATED 7 NETWORKS OF
THE BRAIN THAT ILLUSTRATED HERE.
SO AGAIN, I WILL NOT HAVE TIME
TO HAVE DETAILED SO ONE OF THE
FINDINGS THAT WE OBSERVED THAT
WAS OUR LICOPINE PATTERN
EXECUTIVE AND DEFICIENCY
FUNCTIONS.
THESE WERE THE FILE MARKERS
THAT UNDERLINE.
LIKE THE ENFORCES OF VERY LARGE
LITERATURE EPI NOLOGY THAT
EXTENDS.
THE SECOND, NUTRIENT BIO MARKER
PATTERN THAT WE OBSERVED WAS
FOR OMEGA 6, FATTY ACIDS WHICH
MODERATED BETWEEN DORSAL AND
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS.
AND FINALLY THE THIRD NUTRIENT
BIO MARKER WAS FOR THE OMEGA-3
FATTY ACIDS WHICH MODERATED AND
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.
AND OF COURSE THERE IS A WEALTH
OF EVIDENCE THAT POINTS TO
POTENTIAL FAVORABLE AFFECTS OF
OMEGA-3 AND 6s ON BRAIN HEALTH.
SO OUR FINDINGS MODE VAIT A
APPROACH THAT APPLIES METHODS
IN NUERO SCIENCE TO
CHARACTERISTIC THE IMPACT OF
NUTRITION AND BRAIN AGING AND
DISEASE, AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS
THAT MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN BRAIN HEALTH AND
COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE.
SO NEXT I'LL TURN TO OUR WORK
ON PERSONALIZATION.
AND THIS WORK IS REALLY
MOTIVATED BY A PARALLEL
PROJECTS THAT WE'RE CONDUCTING
IN THE LAG.
WHICH FOCUSES ON INVESTIGATING
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND
USING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES TO
MAKE POWERFUL PREDICTIONS WILL
PERFORMANCE, ABOUT BEHAVIOR AND
USING THEM AND APPLYING CONTEXT.
SO WE'VE CONDUCTED PREVIOUS
WORK THAT FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES AND BRAIN STRUCTURE
AND BRAIN FUNCTION AND
DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE
DIFFERENCE RIGHT SIDE IMPORTANT
FOR PREDICTING HOW INDIVIDUAL
RESPONSE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTERVENTION.
AND NUTRITION WILLING TO
ESTABLISH AND BRAIN WORKS FOR
SELECTION AND DESIGN OF
PERSONALIZED TRAINING AND
PROGRAMS IN THE MILITARY THAT
ARE OPTIMIZED.
SO WE'RE CURRENTLY CONDUCTING
WHAT WE CALL THE INFERENCE
PROJECT.
AGAIN WE WILL NOT HAVE TIME
UNFORTUNATELY TO GO INTO THE
DETAILS.
I'M HAPPY AT THE END IF THERE
ARE QUESTIONS THAT WE'RE USING
TO DESCRIBE THEM IN FURTHER
DETAIL AT A HIGH LEVEL OF SAY
THAT WE'RE USING A FRAMEWORK
THAT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
STEPS.
FIRST WE BEGIN WITH THE VARIETY
OF MULTI DATA THAT INCLUDES
BRAIN DATA AND COGNITIVE
TRAINING ASSESSMENT AND AEROBIC
FITNESS AND MARK THAERZ
INVESTIGATE DIFFERENCES IN DIET
AND NUTRITION.
WE THEN APPLY THE REDUCTION
TECHNIQUES LIKE PRINCIPLE TO
MODEL THE VARIANTS ACROSS THE
MODALITIES WE'RE THEN ABLE TO
MODEL RELATIONS ALONG THE
RELATIONS AND COGNITION AND
UNDERLYING BIOLOGY.
WE THEN APPLIED NUERO NETWORK
MODELS WHERE WE CAN TRAIN THE
MEDICINE ELZ TO PREDICT THE
OUTCOMES BASED ON DIFFERENT
TYPES.
AND THEN WE'RE ABLE TO MODEL
THE INTERVENTION MAKING PRECISE
PREDICTION HOW WELL INDIVIDUAL
RESPOND TO PARTICULAR
INTERVENTION, FOR EXAMPLE
THINKING OF DIABETIC
INTERVENTION.
IN THE PHENO TYPE THAT THAT
INDIVIDUAL DEMONSTRATE.
AND WE'RE ABLE TO TAKE
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THAT
INDIVIDUAL INTO ACCOUNT.
THERE IS A SECOND PROJECT, OF
COURSE WE'RE WORKING ON
RESPONSE SOEDER BY DAR BOROS'S
NEXT CAMPAIGN THAT FOCUSES ON
BIOLOGICAL APTITUDE THAT MAY
INCORPORATE BIO MARKERS RELATED
TO THOSE TO DIET AND NUTRITION
AND COMPREHENSIVE MODELING.
THIS IS TO ILLUSTRATE THAT
THERE IS A WEALTH OF, EXPERTISE
AND KNOWLEDGE IN COMPETER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING THAT
COULD BE LEVERAGE IN THE
CONTEXT OF PERSONALIZED
NUTRITION AND I THINK
EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF
INNER EFFORTS AND NUTRITIONAL
SCIENCES THAT TAKES ADVANTAGE
OF THE PROGRESS THAT IS
HAPPENING UNTIL THE PARALLEL
DISCIPLINES.
AND NOTE VAITS NEW RESEARCH ON
THE PERSONATION DIET AND
NUTRITION TO ENHANCE BRAIN
HEALTH.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, WHAT A FORWARD
LOOKING VIEW OF HOW WE'RE GOING
TO USE THE NEW ME TABOLOMIC AND
SO FORTH TO GET ANSWERS IN THE
FUTURE, I APPRECIATE IT.
SO NEXT WE HAVE ED FROM THE
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
WHO IS GOING TO ADDRESS ACTIONS
TO PROMOTE GROWTH AND NUTRITION
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ADOLESCENTS.
>> THANK YOU EVERYBODY.
I HAVE NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
TO DIS CLOSING.
SO THERE IS A LOT OF
ADOLESCENTS 1.2 BILLION AND
ABOUT 10% LOW IN LOW AND MIDDLE
CLASS COUNTRIES.
WE'LL BE FOCUSING TODAY, WE ARE
FOCUSING TODAY IN MANY WAYS ON
THE PATHWAY THAT IS ON THE LEFT
HERE, AS WE DIETARY INTEXT AND
NUTRITIONAL STATUS TO WELL
BEING.
BUT JUST TO REMIND US THAT FOOD
AFFECTS CHILDREN TO OTHER PATHS
THAT ARE LISTED RIGHT THERE,
THAT SYSTEM FROM FOOD AND LACK
OF FOOD, LACK OF FOOD BEING A
REALLY PROFOUND STRESSING.
AND THERE IS A TREMENDOUS
AMOUNT OF EVIDENCE TO SHOW THAT
THOSE PATHS AS WELL AS
NUTRITIONAL PATHS AFFECT CHILD
AND NR ADOLESCENT WELL BEING.
ADOLESCENCE IS A TIME WHEN
TRANSITION AND OPENNESS TO
CHANGE CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR
RADICAL SHIFT AND ACTIVITY.
BUT NOVELTY ALSO LEAVES
ADOLESCENTS VULNERABLE TO
SOCIAL EXPLOITATION.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING
ADOLESCENCE MAY PROVIDE WINDOWS
OF OPPORTUNITIES THAT WE CAN
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF, BUT THESE
ARE UNDER STUDIED.
BUT MULTI FAUCETED AND MULTI
SECTIONAL FA SETS THAT ARE
BEING USED IN OTHER REALMS
NUTRITION HAVE POTENTIAL TO BE
HELPFUL IN ADOLESCENCE.
BUT IT'S BEEN IN NUTRIENTS AND
IRON.
JUST YESTERDAY ALIVE AND THRIVE
GAVE A PRESENTATION IN
INTERVENTION IN ETHIOPIA THAT
IS SUPERB ALLY DEVELOPED TO
INFLUENCE THE DIETS OF
ADOLESCENCE AND SHOWS VERY
SUCCESSFUL RESULTS.
SO I THINK WE'LL BE SEEING MORE
OF THAT GOING FORWARD.
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES THAT WE
HAVE WITH ADOLESCENCE IN TERMS
OF NUTRITION, IS THEIR PROBLEMS
HAVE BEEN RELATIVELY INVERIES I
BELIEVE BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE
ESTABLISHED TARGETS AND
STANDARDIZED COLLECTION SYSTEMS
TO INFORM GLOBALLY, THERE IS NO
EQUIVALENT OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC
AND HEALTH SURVEY THAT'S HAVE
ADOLESCENTS BECAUSE THOSE
SURVEYS FOCUS ON WOMEN OF
REPRODUCTIVE AGE.
THERE IS A WHO STUDENT HEALTH
SURVEY BUT THOSE ARE ONLY
SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENCE,
COLLECTS DATA EVERY YEAR BUT
THOSE START AT AGE 15 AND
ABOVE, NOT YOUNGER THAN THAT.
THE MULTIPLE CLUSTER SURVEYS OF
UNICEF, IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN
HOW THAT IS GOING TO BE EVOLVE.
IN THE ARTICLE, THE THIRD LAND
ADOLESCENCE NUTRITION ARTICLE
THERE ARE SOME OTHERS THAT ARE
MENTIONED IF YOU'RE INTERESTED.
ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS GIVEN
THEIR AUTONOMY, ASSESSING THEIR
DIETS IS DIFFICULT AND IT MAY
BE THAT SOME INNOVATIONS THAT
USE SOME MODERN COMPUTERIZED
TOOLS MAY BE HELPFUL.
THIS CHALLENGE OF ASSESSING
DIET IS NOT UNIQUE TO
ADOLESCENCE, BECAUSE WE KNOW
THAT ACTIONS THAT WE WANT TO
TAKE TO IMPROVE DIETS IN MIDDLE
WORLD COUNTRIES, WHERE THE
DARKER ARE ONES WHERE WE HAVE
QUANTITATIVE NATIONAL AND THOSE
ARE RELATIVELY RARE, AND MANY
OF THOSE COUNTRIES WE HAVE
LITTLE OR NO DATA.
AND WE DON'T HAVE GLOBALLY SETS
OF HEALTHY DIETS, THOSE ARE
ONLY NOW BEING DEVELOPED
THROUGH A CONSENSUS PROCESS.
ALONG WITH THAT, WE HAVE NOT
KNOWN VERY MUCH ABOUT FOOD
CHOICES IN LOW AND MIDDLE
INCOME COUNTRIES.
THE SO IT WAS ESTABLISHED HERE
IN MY UNIVERSITY IN 2015 BY NEW
K AID TO TRY TO PROVIDE
EVIDENCE AND LEARN ABOUT HOW
CHOICE RIGHT SIDE MADE IN LOW
AND MIDDLE CLASS COUNTRIES.
AND MANY IS FOCUSED ON
ADOLESCENT, THE STUDY THAT WAS
DONE IN GHANA, SHOWED THAT
ADOLESCENCE CONCEPTUAL HEALTHY
AND UNHEALTHY FOOD THROUGH FOOD
SAFETY THROUGH FUNCTIONAL
SAFETY OF HEALTH AND PRACTICES.
AND THEIR CONCEPTUALIZATION
WERE INFORMED BY FOOD GUIDANCE
BUT THOSE IN THEIR SOCIAL
NETWORK, THEY THOUGHT ABOUT
PORTION SIZES AS BEING
MODERATION AND HAVING BALANCE.
AND THEY ATE DIFFERENT PORTIONS
AND DIFFERENT SETTINGS AND
SITUATIONS.
AND THE REASONS FOR THAT, WERE
MOSTLY DRIVEN BY THAT SEEKING
SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OR TRYING TO
KEEP UP APPEARANCES.
THEY EXERCISED SOME AUTONOMY
AND PARALLEL TO THAT, THE
ADOLESCENCE NUTRITION PAPER
LEAD BY COLLEAGUES, IT IS NOT
SHOWING UP AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
SCREEN, BUT THEY DID A POOL
ANNOTATEIVE ANALYSIS, AND WHERE
NUTRITION FOODS ARE ACCESSIBLE,
THAT UNHEALTHY FOODS ARE
EXPENSIVE IN APPEALING AND HOW
THESE AFFECT ADOLESCENCE.
AND ONE OF THE THING THEY
THOUGHT ABOUT CONTEXT IS HOW
IT'S DETERMINED BY THE CONTEXT
IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND
SURROUNDING COMMUNITY WHETHER
IT'S TRADITIONAL MIX OR MOD
PERSON, AND THAT DEPENDED UPON
OR COULD BE UNDERSTOOD THROUGH
THEMES OF AVAILABILITY
AFFORDABILITY AND DESIRABILITY
AND THOSE QUOTES ARE REFLECTING
THAT.
SO IN RURAL INDIA, A GIRL
SAYING WE DON'T GET VEGETABLES
VERY OFTEN.
IN A MIXED SETTING HERE IN
BANGLADESH, PEOPLE DON'T GET TO
BUY THEM ALWAYS, EVEN IF THEY
BUY THEM, I FEEL LIKE NOT
EATING THESE FOODS.
AND IN A MODERN SETTING, SEEING
THE CONTESTATION OF OTHER
FOODS, OF YOUR FRIENDS OR
HAVING LIKE ANOTHER CHOCOLATE
BAR OR PACKAGE, YOU'RE GOING TO
WANT TO BUY A CHOCOLATE BAR.
SO THINKING ABOUT, WHAT THAT IS
BACKGROUND, THINKING ABOUT
WHERE ACTIONS CAN TAKE PLACE,
OF COURSE WE ACROSS THE WORLD
TURN TO SCHOOLS WHEN WE TAUNT
TO TAKE ACTIONS FOR CHILDREN
FOR BETTER OR WORSE.
SO SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS, WE
KNOW PROVIDE FOOD BUT ALSO
PROMOTE ATTENDANCE.
ONE OF THE PRIMARY REASONS FOR
STARTING SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS
WAS TO PROMOTE ATTENDANCE.
THEY ALSO OFFER A VEHICLE FOR
FORTIFICATION SUCH A PROGRAM IN
UGANDA THAT PREVENTS ANEMIA.
BUT IF, SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS
ESPECIALLY ADDED SCHOOL MEAL
PROGRAMS ARE TARGETED AND
DELIVERED.
MANY MODIFICATIONS IN SCHOOLS
CAN BE TIED TO GROWING LOCALLY,
LOCALLY GROWING FOODS, TRYING
TO INCREASE DIET DIVERSITY AS
SHOWN IN THE PROGRAM IN BRAZIL.
MEXICO HAS TAKEN A LEAD IN
BANNING SUGAR SWEET BEVERAGES
IN SCHOOLS AND TRYING TO
INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF
WATER WHERE WATER IS NOT
AVAILABLE.
AND SCHOOLS CAN PROVIDE
SUPPLEMENTED PARTICULARLY IRON.
AND THERE IS AN EXAMPLE IN PERU
OF USING SCHOOL SETTINGS TIED
TO HEALTH CENTERS TO ENCOURAGE
VISITS TO HEALTH CENTERS TO
IRON AND FOLIC ACID
SUPPLEMENTATION CAN BE GIVEN TO
GIRLS AND INDIA AND GHANA HAVE
SIMILAR PROGRAMS.
SCHOOLS ALSO CAN PROVIDE
EDUCATION AND HAS BEEN DONE FOR
A LONG TIME.
AND THESE PROGRAMS HAVE THE
DOUBLE NUTRITION.
VIEW SCHOOLS INCLUDE EDUCATION
OF CARE GIVING ROLE THAT YOUNG
STUDENTS, ROLES IN WHICH THEY
INFLUENCE THE NEXT GENERATION
IN TERMS OF THEIR FOOD CHOICES
ALTHOUGH THERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF
THAT BEING PILOTED IN SOUTH
HAMPTON.
ANOTHER WAY IN WHICH SCHOOLS
CAN BE USED THROUGH EDUCATION
IS SCHOOL GARDENS CAN CONVEY
PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE.
BUT THE IMPACT DEPENDS ON
EDUCATION THAT IS LINKED TO THE
GARDENS.
WHERE TAXES AND SUGAR SWEET AND
BEVERAGES REDUCE CONSUMPTION
SUCH AS MEXICO BEING LARGER ON
THOSE WHO HAVE LOWER DISABLE
INCOME AND THOSE WITH LESS
ESTABLISHED PATTERNS OF
CONSUMPTION WHICH IS THEIR BUY
IN OPPORTUNITY TO TARGET THESE
TO ADOLESCENTS?
FROM THE PACKAGE LABELING AND
ADVERTISEMENT RESTRICTIONS ARE
AFFECTIVE AS SHOWN IN CHILE,
BUT THE AGE SPECIFIC EVIDENCE
RELATED TO THAT.
AND WE KNOW THAT MANIPULATED
PRICES CAN SHIFT DIETS BUT THIS
COST AFFECTIVE TO SHOW US HOW
TO DO THAT PUBLIC HEALTH SCALE.
THEY WILL SHOW US AS THEY MAY
EXPECT THAT FOOD MAY SHIFT TO
PEOPLE TOWARDS HEALTHIER
DIABETES AND THERE IS BEEN RISK
OF OBESITY IN SETTINGS AS WE
TRY TO DO THAT.
ADOLESCENCE ARE SELDOM TARGET
ASKED WE DON'T IMPACT.
THERE IS BEEN SOME EFFORT TO
USE SAFETY NET PROGRAMS TO NOTE
VAIT SCHOOLING AND DLAIT
PREGNANCY AND EXAMPLE IS
BANGLADESH BEING THE STIPEND
PROGRAM WHICH IS CONDITIONAL
TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN ASIA THAT
EXPLICITLY TARGET TODAY
ADOLESCENCE GIRLS.
IT INCREASED SCHOOLING AND
DELAYED MARRIAGE BY LESS THAN
HALF OF THAT AND ALSO INCREASE
THE AGE OF FIRST BIRTH BY A
LITTLE BIT LESS THAN HALF A
YEAR.
AND EXPOSED TO SOCIAL MEDIA
THEIR SOCIAL INTERSECTIONS CAN
INFLUENCE THEIR BODY IMAGE AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL.
POWER OF ADOLESCENCE FOR
EXAMPLE A PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH
THAT USES SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN
THAT IS SUPPORTED OVER 5
MILLION PEOPLE AND PROMOTES
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES
WHERE IN, SUPPORTER TAKE A
PLEDGE TO BUY AND EAT MORE
HEALTHY FOOD AND THERE IS A
SYSTEM GOAL TO CHANGE HOW FOOD
IS PRODUCED AND MANUFACTURED
AND SOLD.
WE'RE AT A TIME WHEN WE CANNOT
BE THINKING ABOUT PERSONAL
HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN
THE LAST TWO YEARS HAS REALLY
TAKEN HOLD OF PEOPLE'S
ATTENTION WHO HAVE NOT BEEN
PAYING ATTENTION.
SO WE HAVE TO THINK OF PLANNING
A HEALTH, AND THE ADOLESCENT
THAT WE HEARD ABOUT THIS
MORNING, SPILLS INTO THE SOCIAL
FIELDS.
WE KNOW THAT MOST PEOPLE THAT
ADOPT VEGAN DIETS DO SO IN LATE
18th AND EARLY 20s, THEIR
INTEREST IN VEGAN AND
VEGETARIAN AND LOCAL DIABETES
ALIGNS WITH RECOMMENDATION TO
ENCOURAGE HEALTHY CHOICES
THAT ALSO REDUCE STRESS IN THE
FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND THE FOOD
SYSTEM IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
AND THEY ARE A PAIR THAT THEY
HAVE SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS THAN
OLDER GENERATIONS HAVE BEFORE.
BECAUSE OF SO MUCH INFORMATION
BEING AVAILABLE TO THEM.
SO ADOLESCENT, CAN OCCUR IN
PARTNERSHIP ABOUT THEM AND BE
FRAMED WITHIN A BROWDER
COMMERCIAL AND EDGE LOGICAL
CONTEXT.
SO SOME THINGS THAT WE MAY
THINK ABOUT IN THE LANCE T
ADOLESCENT PAPER, THAT WE HAVE
GLOBALLY PRIORITIZED THE FIRST
1,000 DAYS AND THERE IS
BENEFITS OF THAT.
WE HAVE TO MAKE THE NEXT 7,000
DAYS IMPORTANT.
INCREASING EDUCATION GLOBALLY
MEANS PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES
FOR SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMS AND
PRACTICAL EDUCATION, REGARDING
DIABETES FOR ADOLESCENTS AND
CARE FOR THEIR FUTURE CHILDREN.
THOSE HAVE BEEN DONE AS THE
ETHIOPIA PROGRAM SHOWS US IN
PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER
PLATFORMS BUT THEY HAVE TO BE
NOTE VAITED AND WE CAN USE
SOCIAL MEDIA TO TRY TO
COMPLIMENT THAT.
GOVERNMENTS CAN USE REGULATORY
AND FISCAL TOOLS, TO INCREASE
AVAILABILITY AND AFFORDABILITY
OF HEALTHY FOODS AND RESTRICT
MARKING OF UNHEALTHY FOODS.
AND THE LAST POINT IS ABOUT THE
COMMITMENT OF ADOLESCENT THAT
EXERCISE CONSUMERS AND SHARE
SHOULDERS TO HOLD FOOD
DISTRIBUTED, DISTRIBUTORS
ACCOUNTABLE FOR FOOD AND
MARKING.
AND THIS IS ABOUT ADOLESCENT
NOT JUST BEING A GROUP THAT WE
NEED TO ACT ON BUT TO RECOGNIZE
THAT THEY THEMSELVES ARE
CAPABLE OF TAKING ACTION TO
THEMSELVES AND HELP OTHERS.
>> ED, DOES THAT CONCLUDE
PRESENTATION?
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
WHAT A RICH PRESENTATION AND
I'M SURE IT'S GOING TO SET UP
WORKING GROUPS TWO AND THREE.
SO OUR LAST SPEAKER OF THE DAY
IS JULIE FROM MONEL WHO IS
GOING TO TALK TO US ABOUT
FLAVOR WORLD OF CHILDREN AND
HEALTH.
JULIE.
>> HI.
WELL THANK YOU FOR THE
INVITATION I WOULD LIKE TO
SHARE SOME INFORMATION ON
CENSUS THAT WE'RE ALL EXPERT IN
BUT TRY TO PROVIDE SOME INSIDES
INTO THE BIOLOGY OF THESE
SENSES WHICH ARE OFTEN VIEWED
AS A CULTURE TRADE.
I HAVE NO DISCLOSURES.
I HAVE ONE ILLNESSES THAT OUR
SOCIETY IS DRIVING IN LARGE
PART BY THE TYPES OF FOODS THAT
WE CHOOSE AND THE TYPES OF
FOODS THAT WE DON'T WANT
ADOLESCENTS TO CHOOSE, WE'RE
EAT TOO MUCH SALT, SUGAR AND
FAT.
SO WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO ARGUE
THAT OUR TASTE BIOLOGY IN THE
CONTEXT IS GOING TO PROVIDE
IDEAS INTO ECOLOG OF CHILDREN.
I PUT TASTE INTO FOCUS BECAUSE
IT'S NOT JUST TASTE.
BUT THEY'RE ESSENTIAL TO
IDENTIFYING SEEKING OUT OR
REJECTING THAT WHICH IS OF
BASIC BIOLOGICAL COMMODITY AND
THAT IS FOODS.
THEIR VISUAL AND GATE KEEPERS,
THEY'RE A SOURCE OF PLEASURE
AND PAIN.
THEY'RE PART OF IDENTIFICATION,
MORE IMPORTANTLY THEY'RE
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT AND FOR
ALL OF US THEY'RE POTENT
REINFORCERS.
THE VALUE FOR EXAMPLE SUGARS
CAN BE TRANSFERRED JUST BY
ASSOCIATED LEARNING.
ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO LOOK AT
THIS, IT'S A SURVEY THAT HAS
BEEN DONE TO TRY TO WHAT
MATTERS ON, WHAT ARE THE TYPES
OF FOOD THAT WE EAT WHETHER
IT'S MARKETING OR PRICE.
AND YEAR AFTER YEAR, PURCHASING
DECISIONS ARE MADE BASED ON
WHAT THE FOOD TASTE LIKE.
SOME PEOPLE CAN ESTIMATE WHAT
THE ROLE AND WHY PEOPLE ARE
EATING WHAT THEY'RE DOING.
SO I PUT THE WORD TASTE INTO
QUOTATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC
MEANING OF TASTE, WHICH WE
DON'T USE, REFERS TO THE
REMEDIATED IN THE SIZE IN THE
ORAL CAVITY.
BUT THE COLOCATIAL WORD OF THE
TASTE, WE ARE REFERRING TO KEY
SENSES, IT'S NOT JUST TASTE BUT
IT'S RETRO NASAL SMELLS AND
ALSO IRRITANTS OR SENSORY
INFORMATION, THE COOLNESS OF
MINT AND SPICINESS OF CHILI
PEPPERS.
IN ALL OF THESE CENSUS, THE
BIOLOGY ARE PLAYING A ROLE INTO
WHAT WE EAT AND WHAT WE DON'T
EAT.
AND THE CHILD IS IS NOT A
MINIATURE ADULT.
BUT JUST TO SHOW YOU, WHY WE
SMELL, WE TYPICALLY THINK OF
ODORS ENTERING THE NASAL CAVITY.
BUT THEY ALSO REACH THESE FOODS
WHEN FOODS ARE IN THE MOUTH AND
THEY TRANSFER TO THE FACTORY
RECEPTORS.
IT'S THE SENSE OF SMELL THAT IS
KBTING THE MOST HOW YOU CAN
TELL A STRAWBERRY TO A CHERRY
IT'S THE VIRALS AND THE
IDENTIFICATION OF FOODS.
SO IN THE BIOLOGY OF THESE
SENSES, ESPECIALLY TASTE.
YOU HAVE TO THINK THAT THESE
ARE REALLY EVOLUTIONAL
ADAPTIONS THAT WERE PROBABLY
BASED ON SKARSITY AND
UNCERTAINTY.
SO THIS ELEGANT OF BIOLOGY OF
TASTE IN RESPONSE TO THESE
SENSES, WE HAVE SWEETNESS WHICH
THIS CHIPS DOWNWARD DURING
ADOLESCENCE.
YOU ALSO AND THIS IS JUST AN
EXAMPLE HOW THEY DIFFER.
I DON'T KNOW IF, IF ANIMATION
WORKS.
THIS IS AN 8-OUNCE.
UNTIL THE SENSITIVITY IN THE
SYSTEM, WHAT IS THE LOWEST THAT
THEY CAN DETECT.
BUT WHEN YOU MEASURE THE PHENO
TYPE, ALTHOUGH THEY'RE THEY
HAVE RELATED CHANGES THEY'RE
NOT RELATED TO EACH.
MEASURING THE SYSTEM IS NOT
GOING TO TELL YOU HOW MUCH THEY
LIKE SOMETHING.
IT'S THE SWEETNESS MATTERS, YOU
CAN LOOK AT THE SWEETNESS OF
OTHER TYPES OF SUGARS BUT ALSO
LOW CALORIE SWEETERS AND YOU
CAN SEE WHEN COMPARED TO
ADULTS, CHILDREN ARE PREFERRING
HIGHER LEVEL OF SWEETNESS.
THEY CAN DETECT DIFFERENCES IN
FOODS AND BLUE BERRIES FOR
EXAMPLE AND THE LEVEL THAT IS
MOST PREFERRED IS RELATED TO
THE LEVEL OF SWEETNESS THAT
THEY LIKE IN FOODS.
CHILDREN ARE CONSUMING GREATER
PERCENTAGE.
LOOK AT THE FOOD THAT ARE
GEARED AND YOU SEE HOW MUCH
HIGHER THEY ARE IN BOTH SUGARS
AND SALTS.
ONE OF THE STUDIES THAT WUZ
DONE, AND LOOK AT URINARY LEVEL.
CONSUMED CALORIES IN THIS
NEEDED MURAL BUT NOW WE LIVE IN
AN ENVIRONMENT, SOME OF US LIVE
IN A ENVIRONMENT WHERE THESE
ARE PLENTIFUL AND EXPENSIVE AND
ACCESSIBLE.
STIMULATING SOMETHING SWEETS
STIMULATES SOMETHING IN THE
BRAIN SALT DOES TO SOME EXTENT.
AND THESE ARE ALL REWARDS BRAIN
PATHWAYS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN
LEARNING.
SO WHAT IS THE SHIFT AND WHAT
IS HAPPENING?
THERE IS BEEN ONE ANIMAL STUDY
THAT SHOWS THE SAME PREFERENCE
FOR ADOLESCENT RODENTS.
ONE OF THE MOST DELICATE STUDY
WAS JENINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
ILLINOIS WERE ACTUALLY LOOK AT
THIS PHENO TYPE THE MOST
PREFERRED LEVEL OF SWEETNESS
AND YOU'LL SEE THAT IT'S
RELATED TO THE AGE RELATED
CHANGES AND, A NEED OF DOPAMINE.
THERE ARE CHANGES AT DIFFERENT
LEVELS, AND ONE OF THE THINGS
WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE BINDING
EXPLAINING 52 PERCENT OF THE
VARIANCE OF LEVEL MOST
PREFERRED.
NOW JUST TO BRIEFLY, ALL
DIFFERENCES INDIFFERENCES WORLD
FOR ONE PHASE AND THAT IS
BITTER, ALSO SEEMS TO BE AGE
RELATED SHIFT.
THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE
MOST STUDY PHENATYPE AND THAT
IS TO PERCEIVE THE BITTERNESS
OF PTU AND SOME BITTERNESS
FOUND IN VEGETABLES.
AND WHAT WE'VE SHOWN BY
STUDYING MANY MANY INDIVIDUALS
IS CHILDREN THAT ARE HEADED FOR
THIS BITTERLY OR DOMINANT WHAT
YOU'LL FIND IS THAT THEIR MORE
SENSITIVE TO THE BITTER TASTE
TO THIS THAN ADULTS.
SO SOMETHING IS HAPPENING WHERE
CHILDREN APPEAR TO BE MORE
SENSITIVE AND THEN, THEY SHIFT
DOWNWARD.
AND WHETHER THIS RELATES TO
OTHER GENES, HOW THIS
IMPLICATES THIS RELATIONSHIP IS
NOT KNOWN.
AND THIS SWEETER WHERE YOU'LL
SEE THAT CHILDREN THAT HAVE A
BITTERLY, NOT LIKE THE TASTE OF
THIS NON NEUTRAL SWEETER
THEY'RE BECAUSE THEY'RE TASTING
THE BITTERNESS AND THE
AFTERTASTE OF IT.
JUST HIGHLIGHTING HOW WE'RE ALL
LIVING IN DIFFERENT SENSORY
WORLD.
AND CLEARLY, THE ROLE OF
EXPERIENCE IS PLAYING A BIT
ROLE DURING CHILDHOOD, YOU
LEARN HOW TO EAT AND WHO EATS
WHAT, WHAT THE FOOD SHOULD
TASTE LIKE.
AND IT'S PLAYING A BIG ROLE
DEVELOPING WHO WE ARE ONE OF
THE MOST REASONS WHY IT'S
DIFFICULT TO CHANGE WHEN YOU'RE
AN ADULT.
BUT THIS IS ANOTHER CLASSIC
STUDY DONE BY HOWARD, LOOKING
AT LABORS AND INDIAN, LOOKING
AT SENSITIVITY BUT ALSO
PREFERENCES FOR SORE SOUR AND
BITTER AND MEDICAL STUDENTS.
WHAT IS FASCINATING WHEN YOU
LOOK AT THE DIET OF THE
LABORERS, THEY CONTAIN MUCH
MORE OF THE SOUR, AT THE TIME
WAS NO DIFFERENT THAN THE GROUP
IN RUSSIA, WHAT IT SWIFT WAS,
WHETHER YOU LIKED THE TASTE OR
NOT.
IT THROUGH EXPERIENCE, WE
LEARNED WHAT FOOD TASTE LIKE
AND WE LEARNED, WE LEARNED TO
LIKE WHAT WE EAT IS THE THE
BOTTOM LINE.
SO IN CONCLUSION, WE'RE ALL
EXPERIENCING THE WORLD THROUGH
A SENSORY KEYHOLE AND THAT
KEYHOLE IS A PRODUCT OF OUR
BIOLOGY, THE CHANGES WITH AGE
AND GENETIC.
AND CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
ARE MANY MANY DIFFERENT, A LOT
REALLY, CONSEQUENCE OF THE
ANTAGONY OF THESE SENSE THAT'S
I DON'T THINK WE APPRECIATE IT
AS MUCH UNTIL RECENTLY.
WHAT TO MEASURE AND HOW TO
MEASURE, OBVIOUSLY THE
HYPOTHESES IS GOING TO DICTATE
THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF
THESE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL SENSES.
THERE ARE MANY DIMENSIONS OF
FLAVOR, YOU CAN LOOK AT HOW
MUCH YOU LIKE OF SOMETHING, TO
PROVIDE INFORMATION TO ANOTHER.
AND ALTHOUGH WE USE THESE TERMS
INTERCHANGEABLE THEY'RE
DISTINCTION PHENO TYPE AND
SHEDDING LIGHT ON WHAT
INDIVIDUALS ARE EATING.
PEOPLE ARE BETTER ABLE TO
REMEMBER WHAT FOODS AND LABEL
THEY LIKE RATHER THAN WHAT THEY
EAT.
AND MILL REDUFFY HAVE LOOKED AT
RATING FOR LIKING THE FOOD AS
TO TRY TO MEASURE WHAT THE
INTAKE IS.
AND IT HOLDS A LOT OF PROMISE
AS WELL.
THE CHILDREN'S BIOLOGY MAKES
THEM VULNERABLE TO THE LOW AND
SUGARS AND SWEETERS AND SALT.
WHAT I WOULD SAY IS THAT THESE,
TASTE, THESE BASIC TASTE, IF
YOU WILL, THEY DO MANY THINGS
IN A FOOD.
IT'S NOT JUST THAT THEY PROVIDE
THE TASTE THAT MAY BE LIKED BIT
CHILD AND THE TEENAGER
ESPECIALLY.
BUT THEY'RE ALSO HAVING A LOT
OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES IN THE
FOOD, SALT CAN BE A
PRESERVATIVE.
THEY CAN ADD TEXTURE TO A FOOD,
SO THERE IS MANY OTHER REASONS
FOR THE VARIATIONS IN THESE
CHEMICALS SENSESES HUES.
SO WE'RE OFTEN FOOD TRAIT NOT
RELATE TODAY OUR BIOLOGY.
>> JULIE, CAN I ASK YOU TO WIND
IT UP.
>> THIS IS THE LAST, FIVE
MINUTES FOR DISCUSSION, THANKS.
>> THIS IS IT.
YEAH.
SO EVOLUTION IS KIND OF SHAPED
THE FOOD THAT WE PREFER AND
INITIALLY REJECT BUT THESE
COMMODITY ARE UNDERLYING WHAT
IS INBORN AND THE KAOUS OF HOW
THE BODY IS METABULATING.
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I THINK
IS A PRACTICAL MATTER ?A WE'RE
ABLE TO LOOK AT A FOOD TABLE
AND ESTIMATE HOW SWEET A FOOD
WOULD TASTE, NO LONGER CAN DO
THAT WITH THE USE OF SWEET
ENHANCERS.
SO THE BOTTOM LINE, WHEN YOU
SEE THESE PRODUCTS IN FOOD OR
SWEETERS MORE GEARED TO
CHILDREN, THEY'RE GOING TO BE
LEARNING THAT SOMETHING SHOULD
TASTE SWEET.
AND A FUNCTION OF OUR NERVOUS
SYSTEM, WE CANNOT FORGET IS TO
STORE INFORMATION AND PORUSE
BEHAVIOR OF PRIOR EXPERIENCE,
CHILDREN LIKE TO EAT WHAT THEY
EAT.
SO THE BIG PICTURE IS THE
CONSEQUENCES OF ALL OF THESE
FACTORS, OUR BIOLOGY IS NOT IN
OUR DESTINY.
AND FOOD IS MUCH MORE THAN A
SOURCE OF CALORIE, IT'S
IDENTIFYING FEATURE OF A
CULTURE WHICH IS OUR ORIGIN AND
LINKED TO THE METABOLISM OF
FOODS THAT WE'RE NOW STARTING
TO UNDERSTAND.
SO THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, JULIE.
THANK YOU TO ALL SPEAKERS WHAT
A PHENOMENAL KICK START OF
WHOLE SERIES OF WHAT WE'RE
TRYING TO DO.
WE HAVE FOUR OR FIVE MINUTES
LEFT.
I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR FROM
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS OF OTHER
WORKING GROUPS.
ESPECIALLY CHAIRS, DID WE SET
UP FOR YOU WHAT YOU HOPE TO SEE?
ARE THERE ANY BIG GAPS?
OR THINGS THAT WE SHOULD BE
WORKING ON AS WE DEVELOP OUR
REPORT?
DON HAS HIS HAND UP AND THEN
MARINE BLACK.