1 00:00:06,271 --> 00:00:09,141 I AM JEANNE MARRAZO, I AM 2 00:00:09,141 --> 00:00:18,626 THE DIRECTOR OF THE NIAID, AND 3 00:00:18,626 --> 00:00:20,829 AS YOU KNOW DURING THE OPEN 4 00:00:20,829 --> 00:00:23,231 SESSION, WE'RE JOINED BY 5 00:00:23,231 --> 00:00:23,832 REPRESENTATIVES FROM 6 00:00:23,832 --> 00:00:25,100 PROFESSIONAL AND LAY 7 00:00:25,100 --> 00:00:26,701 ORGANIZATIONS WHO SHARE 8 00:00:26,701 --> 00:00:28,570 INTERESTS AND ACTIVITIES IN HAD 9 00:00:28,570 --> 00:00:30,171 COMMON WITH THE MISSION OF THE 10 00:00:30,171 --> 00:00:31,406 INSTITUTE AND AS ALWAYS WE 11 00:00:31,406 --> 00:00:33,708 WELCOME THEM AND I WANT TO THANK 12 00:00:33,708 --> 00:00:35,210 EVERYBODY VERY, VERY DEEPLY FOR 13 00:00:35,210 --> 00:00:37,512 MAKING IT HERE IN PERSON AND 14 00:00:37,512 --> 00:00:39,280 LUCKILY THE WEATHER COOPERATED 15 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:45,253 AND HOPEFULLY YOU'RE ENJOYING 16 00:00:45,253 --> 00:00:46,755 THE BEAUTIFUL FALL D. C. 17 00:00:46,755 --> 00:00:47,122 WEATHER. 18 00:00:47,122 --> 00:00:48,590 FIRST THING I WOULD LIKE TO DO 19 00:00:48,590 --> 00:00:51,092 TODAY IS A SAD 1 WHICH IS TO SAY 20 00:00:51,092 --> 00:00:57,232 GOODBYE TO 3 OF OUR COUNCIL 21 00:00:57,232 --> 00:00:58,867 MEMBERS WHO ARE RETIRING AFTER 4 22 00:00:58,867 --> 00:01:02,637 YEARS OF SERVICE, I KNOW 4 YEARS 23 00:01:02,637 --> 00:01:03,705 ENCOMPASSED THE PANDEMIC, WE 24 00:01:03,705 --> 00:01:05,340 WERE JUST TALKING ABOUT IT, IT 25 00:01:05,340 --> 00:01:09,544 SEEMS LIKE A BLACK HOLE. 26 00:01:09,544 --> 00:01:11,946 THEIR TERMS ENDS ON 27 00:01:11,946 --> 00:01:14,249 OCTOBER 31st AND WE HAVE SOME 28 00:01:14,249 --> 00:01:15,550 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THEIR 29 00:01:15,550 --> 00:01:16,451 PARTICIPATION, FIRST PERSON I 30 00:01:16,451 --> 00:01:18,653 WOULD LIKE TO GET ON THE SCREEN, 31 00:01:18,653 --> 00:01:24,092 CAN WE GET DR. BOCKENSTEDT ON 32 00:01:24,092 --> 00:01:25,693 THE SCREEN OR DO WE ASK TO SEE 33 00:01:25,693 --> 00:01:27,996 IF SHE'S THERE TO SAY HELLO 34 00:01:27,996 --> 00:01:29,731 LIPPED ON ARE YOU THERE? 35 00:01:29,731 --> 00:01:32,300 >> YES, I AM HERE, GREAT TO BE 36 00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:33,334 WITH THE GROUP. 37 00:01:33,334 --> 00:01:33,868 >> THANK YOU. 38 00:01:33,868 --> 00:01:35,136 THANK YOU FOR COMING. 39 00:01:35,136 --> 00:01:36,571 >> IT'S BEEN A VERY WONDERFUL 40 00:01:36,571 --> 00:01:38,006 EXPERIENCE AND A LEARNING 41 00:01:38,006 --> 00:01:38,406 EXPERIENCE, TOO. 42 00:01:38,406 --> 00:01:42,277 IT'S GREAT TO BE PART OF THIS. 43 00:01:42,277 --> 00:01:43,545 >> WELL WE REALLY APPRECIATE IT 44 00:01:43,545 --> 00:01:44,512 AND WE REALLY NEED YOU. 45 00:01:44,512 --> 00:01:48,349 SO WITH THAT I AM GOING TO 46 00:01:48,349 --> 00:01:51,286 INVITE DR. KEITH JEROME AND 47 00:01:51,286 --> 00:01:52,487 DR. STEPHANIE TAYLOR UP AND WE 48 00:01:52,487 --> 00:01:54,422 WILL PRESENT THEM WITH THEIR 49 00:01:54,422 --> 00:01:55,557 PLAQUES AND LINDSAY DRAPER AWE 50 00:01:55,557 --> 00:02:05,934 WILL GET YOURS TO YOU. 51 00:03:01,623 --> 00:03:06,961 AND THEN I WILL LIKE TO WELCOME 52 00:03:06,961 --> 00:03:08,029 OUR ADHOC COUNCIL MEMBERS THAT 53 00:03:08,029 --> 00:03:09,430 ARE ATTENDING AT THIS TIME. 54 00:03:09,430 --> 00:03:13,368 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US, WE 55 00:03:13,368 --> 00:03:16,738 HAVE [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO IS FROM 56 00:03:16,738 --> 00:03:19,174 COLUMBIA MEDICAL CENTER, WALK 57 00:03:19,174 --> 00:03:20,775 WIN ESPIN OOSA FROM THE SCHOOL 58 00:03:20,775 --> 00:03:22,710 OF MEDICINE AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 59 00:03:22,710 --> 00:03:24,212 FROM THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 60 00:03:24,212 --> 00:03:25,847 APPRECIATE YOU BEING HERE TODAY 61 00:03:25,847 --> 00:03:30,952 SO THANK YOU. 62 00:03:30,952 --> 00:03:32,921 SO THE FIRST ITEM OF BUSINESS AS 63 00:03:32,921 --> 00:03:34,489 IEWSH IS TO REVIEW AND APPROVE 64 00:03:34,489 --> 00:03:36,090 THE MINUTES FROM THE LAST 65 00:03:36,090 --> 00:03:36,324 MEETING. 66 00:03:36,324 --> 00:03:38,059 YOU SHOULD HAVE ALREADY SEEN A 67 00:03:38,059 --> 00:03:40,128 COPY OF THOSE MINUTES IN THE 68 00:03:40,128 --> 00:03:40,962 ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK, ASK 69 00:03:40,962 --> 00:03:43,665 ANYONE HAVE ANY CORRECTIONS TO 70 00:03:43,665 --> 00:03:44,599 THE MINUTES? 71 00:03:44,599 --> 00:03:45,466 DOES KIDNAP HAVE ANY QUESTIONS 72 00:03:45,466 --> 00:03:47,535 OR CONCERNS ABOUT THE CONCEPTS 73 00:03:47,535 --> 00:03:49,070 PRESENTED AT THE PREVIOUS 74 00:03:49,070 --> 00:03:49,304 MEETING? 75 00:03:49,304 --> 00:03:55,210 IF NOT, MAY I HAVE A MOTION FOR 76 00:03:55,210 --> 00:03:55,677 APPROVAL? 77 00:03:55,677 --> 00:03:55,877 GOOD. 78 00:03:55,877 --> 00:03:57,212 MOMENT OF FEAR THERE. 79 00:03:57,212 --> 00:03:59,814 IS THERE A SECOND? 80 00:03:59,814 --> 00:04:01,549 OKAY, ALL IN FAVOR OF THE 81 00:04:01,549 --> 00:04:04,519 MINUTES PLEASE SAY AYE. 82 00:04:04,519 --> 00:04:05,587 ANY OPPOSED? 83 00:04:05,587 --> 00:04:06,054 THANK YOU. 84 00:04:06,054 --> 00:04:08,489 SO WE WILL MOVE FORWARD AND I 85 00:04:08,489 --> 00:04:10,425 WANT TO JUST POINT OUT NOW SOME 86 00:04:10,425 --> 00:04:13,094 STAFF CHANGES AND YOU WILL NOT 87 00:04:13,094 --> 00:04:14,696 HEAR ABOUT ALL OF THEM, SOME OF 88 00:04:14,696 --> 00:04:16,631 THEM I LEFT TO DR. PEARSON ON 89 00:04:16,631 --> 00:04:18,700 WHO WILL TALK ABOUT THE VACCINE 90 00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:20,201 RESEARCH CENTER RIGHT AFTER ME, 91 00:04:20,201 --> 00:04:22,136 THE FIRST PERSON TO NOTE IS 92 00:04:22,136 --> 00:04:23,438 CAROLINE HUTTER WHO HAS BEEN 93 00:04:23,438 --> 00:04:27,008 NAMED DIRECTOR OF THE NIH OFFICE 94 00:04:27,008 --> 00:04:27,842 OF STRATEGIC COORDINATION, THIS 95 00:04:27,842 --> 00:04:30,378 IS A BIG OFFICE WHICH MANAGES 96 00:04:30,378 --> 00:04:31,312 AND OVERSEES ACTIVITIES FUNDED 97 00:04:31,312 --> 00:04:35,316 BY THE COMMON FUND WHICH HAS A 98 00:04:35,316 --> 00:04:35,984 BUDGET OF NEARLY $700 MILLION 99 00:04:35,984 --> 00:04:37,285 ACROSS ALL AREAS OF INSTITUTE 100 00:04:37,285 --> 00:04:37,552 RESEARCH. 101 00:04:37,552 --> 00:04:40,722 WE ALSO ARE VERY EXCITED TO 102 00:04:40,722 --> 00:04:41,956 ANNOUNCE DR. JERRY 103 00:04:41,956 --> 00:04:43,157 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO HAS BEEN 104 00:04:43,157 --> 00:04:46,761 NAMED AS THE DIRECTOR OF THE NIH 105 00:04:46,761 --> 00:04:49,764 OFFICE OF AIDS RESEARCH AFTER A 106 00:04:49,764 --> 00:04:51,065 NATIONAL SEARCH. 107 00:04:51,065 --> 00:04:54,602 JERRY IS A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST 108 00:04:54,602 --> 00:04:58,906 CURRENTLY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 109 00:04:58,906 --> 00:05:01,309 ILLINOIS CHICAGO, PROFESSOR OF 110 00:05:01,309 --> 00:05:02,944 PEP DEEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS 111 00:05:02,944 --> 00:05:04,679 IN CASE YOU HAVE IMPOSTER 112 00:05:04,679 --> 00:05:06,047 SYNDROME THIS MORNING AND HAS 113 00:05:06,047 --> 00:05:08,082 BEEN WORKING IN THIS FIELD FOR A 114 00:05:08,082 --> 00:05:09,417 REALLY LONG TIME SO VERY EXCITED 115 00:05:09,417 --> 00:05:12,020 TO HAVE HER JOIN AND SHE WILL BE 116 00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:13,521 STARTING, I BELIEVE NEXT MONTH. 117 00:05:13,521 --> 00:05:17,258 ALONG THE LINES OF TRANSITIONS 118 00:05:17,258 --> 00:05:18,860 AND ANOTHER VERY SAD BUT FOR 119 00:05:18,860 --> 00:05:24,232 HUGH PROBABLY VERY HAPPY 120 00:05:24,232 --> 00:05:24,932 ANNOUNCEMENT. 121 00:05:24,932 --> 00:05:27,335 DR. OPPENCLAUS IS LEAVING US 122 00:05:27,335 --> 00:05:30,938 AFTER 18 STELLAR YEARS AS 123 00:05:30,938 --> 00:05:32,273 PRINCIPAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR. 124 00:05:32,273 --> 00:05:34,709 SO LET'S GIVE HUGH A GIGANTIC 125 00:05:34,709 --> 00:05:45,019 ROUND OF APPLAUSE. 126 00:05:48,489 --> 00:05:50,591 NOT ONLY WAS HUGH PRINCIPAL 127 00:05:50,591 --> 00:05:51,759 DEPUTY DIRECTOR DURING THAT TIME 128 00:05:51,759 --> 00:05:54,862 BUT HE ALSO SERVED AS ACTING 129 00:05:54,862 --> 00:05:56,464 DIRECTOR AFTER DR. FAUCI RETIRED 130 00:05:56,464 --> 00:05:58,399 AND I HAVE THE INCREDIBLE GOOD 131 00:05:58,399 --> 00:05:59,901 FORTUNE TO COME ON BOARD WITH 132 00:05:59,901 --> 00:06:01,102 YOU AND MENTORED BY HIM, IN THE 133 00:06:01,102 --> 00:06:02,603 PAST YEAR WE HAVE A LOT OF 134 00:06:02,603 --> 00:06:04,238 OPPORTUNITIES TO CELEBRATE YOU 135 00:06:04,238 --> 00:06:05,406 IN THE COMING MONTHS SO STAY 136 00:06:05,406 --> 00:06:07,608 TUNED IF ARE THAT AND WE WON'T 137 00:06:07,608 --> 00:06:08,509 LET HIM GET VERY FAR. 138 00:06:08,509 --> 00:06:11,412 THERE ARE A FEW THINGS I WILL 139 00:06:11,412 --> 00:06:13,247 MENTION, PART OF MY FOCUS IN THE 140 00:06:13,247 --> 00:06:15,416 LAST COUPLE OF MONTHS AS I'VE 141 00:06:15,416 --> 00:06:17,051 GOTTEN MORE SETTLED AS BEEN TO 142 00:06:17,051 --> 00:06:19,520 CONTINUE TO BUILD MY TEAM, MY 143 00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:21,055 LEADERSHIP TEAM IN THE OFFICE OF 144 00:06:21,055 --> 00:06:22,223 THE DIRECTOR. 145 00:06:22,223 --> 00:06:27,328 I WILL JUST MENTION 3 KEY 146 00:06:27,328 --> 00:06:28,496 PEOPLE, BOB ISENGER, IS HERE, 147 00:06:28,496 --> 00:06:31,032 MANY OF YOU KNOW HIM, HE'S BEEN 148 00:06:31,032 --> 00:06:33,334 WITH NIAID FOR MANY YEARS. 149 00:06:33,334 --> 00:06:34,936 ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF 150 00:06:34,936 --> 00:06:37,004 AIDS RESEARCH FOR SOMETIME, 151 00:06:37,004 --> 00:06:38,606 MOSTLY RECEIPTLY ACTING DEPUTY 152 00:06:38,606 --> 00:06:40,608 DIRECTOR TO DR. TABAK WHEN HE 153 00:06:40,608 --> 00:06:42,477 WAS THE ACTING NIH DIRECTOR AND 154 00:06:42,477 --> 00:06:45,179 WE'VE BEEN VERY FORTUNATE TO 155 00:06:45,179 --> 00:06:47,148 SECURE HIM AS MY SENIOR ADVISOR 156 00:06:47,148 --> 00:06:50,918 AND HE'S BECOME ESSENTIAL IN THE 157 00:06:50,918 --> 00:06:54,856 FUNCTIONING OF OUR TEAM. 158 00:06:54,856 --> 00:06:56,391 LUCAS BUYON A RECENT MANAGEMENT 159 00:06:56,391 --> 00:06:58,559 FELLOW GRADUATE WHO IS NOW A 160 00:06:58,559 --> 00:07:00,395 HEALTH SCIENCE POLICY ANALYST 161 00:07:00,395 --> 00:07:01,162 AND SCIENTIFIC SPECIFIC 162 00:07:01,162 --> 00:07:02,897 ASSISTANT WITH ME WITH AN 163 00:07:02,897 --> 00:07:04,065 INTEREST IN BIOSECURITY IN 164 00:07:04,065 --> 00:07:04,432 PARTICULAR. 165 00:07:04,432 --> 00:07:06,134 AND THEN INCREDIBLY LOOKY TO 166 00:07:06,134 --> 00:07:08,369 HAVE TARA P A LMORE WHO MANY OF 167 00:07:08,369 --> 00:07:13,007 YOU MAY KNOW FROM HER WORK AS A 168 00:07:13,007 --> 00:07:13,641 HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGIST, EXPERT 169 00:07:13,641 --> 00:07:16,077 IN A NUMBER OF EMERGING 170 00:07:16,077 --> 00:07:17,345 INFECTIONS INCLUDING EBOLA 171 00:07:17,345 --> 00:07:19,847 VIRUS, MPOX, SHE'S BECOME A 172 00:07:19,847 --> 00:07:21,816 SENIOR MEDICAL ADVISOR FOR 173 00:07:21,816 --> 00:07:22,784 PRIMARILY EMERGING INFECTIONS 174 00:07:22,784 --> 00:07:24,419 AND HAS BEEN REALLY INSTRUMENTAL 175 00:07:24,419 --> 00:07:28,756 IN HELPING DEAL WITH THE H5 M1 176 00:07:28,756 --> 00:07:29,424 AND MPOX SITUATIONS. 177 00:07:29,424 --> 00:07:31,959 SO MORE TO COME ON THAT. 178 00:07:31,959 --> 00:07:34,896 REALLY HAPPY TO NOTE THAT CEASAR 179 00:07:34,896 --> 00:07:36,297 [INDISCERNIBLE] IS NOW THE NEW 180 00:07:36,297 --> 00:07:37,698 DIRECTOR OF THE VACCINE RESEARCH 181 00:07:37,698 --> 00:07:38,232 PROGRAM. 182 00:07:38,232 --> 00:07:41,469 MANY OF YOU MAY KNOW CEASAR. 183 00:07:41,469 --> 00:07:42,804 HE HAS OVER 25 YEARS OF 184 00:07:42,804 --> 00:07:44,539 EXPERIENCE IN THIS SPACE AND 185 00:07:44,539 --> 00:07:49,043 HE'S ACTUALLY SERVED AS CHIEF 186 00:07:49,043 --> 00:07:50,678 PRECLINICAL RESEARCH AND 187 00:07:50,678 --> 00:07:51,879 DEVELOPMENT SINCE 2020 SO 188 00:07:51,879 --> 00:08:01,422 WELCOME TO CEASAR IN THIS 189 00:08:01,422 --> 00:08:02,490 OFFICIAL CAPACITY. 190 00:08:02,490 --> 00:08:03,891 BRUCE BURNETT IS THE NEW BRANCH 191 00:08:03,891 --> 00:08:05,893 CHIEF IN THE OFFICE OF 192 00:08:05,893 --> 00:08:09,030 REGULATORY AFFAIRS, HE ALSO HAS 193 00:08:09,030 --> 00:08:11,132 25 YEARS IN LEADERSHIP OF 194 00:08:11,132 --> 00:08:12,200 RELEVANT AREAS HERE AND HE'S 195 00:08:12,200 --> 00:08:16,571 BEEN A BIG SUPPORTER OF NIH 196 00:08:16,571 --> 00:08:17,605 RESEARCH COMPLIANCE, REALLY 197 00:08:17,605 --> 00:08:18,506 IMPORTANT ROLE, DELIGHTED TO 198 00:08:18,506 --> 00:08:20,541 HAVE HIM AND LAST IN TERMINGS OF 199 00:08:20,541 --> 00:08:21,809 STAFF, CHELSEA BOYD WHO I THINK 200 00:08:21,809 --> 00:08:23,878 IS HERE, THERE SHE IS HAS BEEN 201 00:08:23,878 --> 00:08:25,780 NAMED THE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF 202 00:08:25,780 --> 00:08:27,148 RESEARCH AND POLICY AND 203 00:08:27,148 --> 00:08:30,384 OPERATIONS WITHIN THE DIVISION 204 00:08:30,384 --> 00:08:31,252 OF EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES. 205 00:08:31,252 --> 00:08:34,555 SHE'S BEEN AT NIAID SINCE 2016, 206 00:08:34,555 --> 00:08:36,357 FIRST HAS A SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 207 00:08:36,357 --> 00:08:38,025 OFFICER IN THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 208 00:08:38,025 --> 00:08:38,659 WRITING PROGRAM. 209 00:08:38,659 --> 00:08:40,461 SO REALLY GREAT TO HAVE THESE 210 00:08:40,461 --> 00:08:40,661 FOLKS. 211 00:08:40,661 --> 00:08:42,230 SO THOSE ARE THE STAFF UPDATES, 212 00:08:42,230 --> 00:08:43,965 I AM NOW GOING TO SHOW YOU A 213 00:08:43,965 --> 00:08:45,766 SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHS WHICH ARE 214 00:08:45,766 --> 00:08:48,069 JUST SOME, I THINK VISUAL 215 00:08:48,069 --> 00:08:51,005 STIMULATION AND SOME MAYBE FUN 216 00:08:51,005 --> 00:08:52,406 REPORTS ON WHAT WE'VE BEEN DOING 217 00:08:52,406 --> 00:08:54,575 AND HOW I'VE BEEN BEING KEPT 218 00:08:54,575 --> 00:09:00,882 BUSY, SINCE THE LAST TIME WE MET 219 00:09:00,882 --> 00:09:01,849 AND I WILL CONTEXTUALIZE SOME OF 220 00:09:01,849 --> 00:09:04,685 THESE, I HAD A WONDERFUL VISIT 221 00:09:04,685 --> 00:09:06,687 TO THE WHIT MAN WALKER CLINIC IN 222 00:09:06,687 --> 00:09:06,888 D. C. 223 00:09:06,888 --> 00:09:08,222 SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW, THIS IS 224 00:09:08,222 --> 00:09:11,125 MORE THAN A CLINIC, IT'S MORE OF 225 00:09:11,125 --> 00:09:11,959 A COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH 226 00:09:11,959 --> 00:09:13,694 CENTER, IT'S A RESEARCH BASED 227 00:09:13,694 --> 00:09:15,663 SITE, IT'S BEEN CRITICAL FOR US 228 00:09:15,663 --> 00:09:18,533 IN THE PRACTICE OF HIV, CLINICAL 229 00:09:18,533 --> 00:09:19,700 RESEARCH AND PREVENTION STUDIES 230 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:21,636 AND ALSO A TRAINING GROUND. 231 00:09:21,636 --> 00:09:23,771 THEY NOW HAVE LOTS OF 232 00:09:23,771 --> 00:09:25,172 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE TO 233 00:09:25,172 --> 00:09:30,111 TRAIN IN COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH 234 00:09:30,111 --> 00:09:33,948 ORIGINALLY STARTED AS AN 235 00:09:33,948 --> 00:09:35,016 HIV-LGBTQ TRUSTEES BUT HAS GROWN 236 00:09:35,016 --> 00:09:37,785 TO BECOME A WONDERFUL FACILITY 237 00:09:37,785 --> 00:09:40,855 BASE FACILITY SO DR. BERTAGNOLLI 238 00:09:40,855 --> 00:09:42,256 WENT THERE, GOT OUR T-SHIRTS AND 239 00:09:42,256 --> 00:09:44,258 HAD A GREAT VISIT IN CELEBRATION 240 00:09:44,258 --> 00:09:44,959 OF PRIDE MONTH. 241 00:09:44,959 --> 00:09:45,793 THAT WAS REALLY LOVELY. 242 00:09:45,793 --> 00:09:47,328 I HAVE BEEN TRYING TO GET TO 243 00:09:47,328 --> 00:09:49,030 KNOW AND SPEND A LITTLE BIT MORE 244 00:09:49,030 --> 00:09:53,134 TIME WITH OUR CLINICAL FELLOWS. 245 00:09:53,134 --> 00:09:54,468 I TRY TO ROUND THE CLINICAL 246 00:09:54,468 --> 00:09:56,437 CENTER AT LEAST A COUPLE TIMES A 247 00:09:56,437 --> 00:09:57,905 MONTH, USUALLY I MAKE IT ABOUT 248 00:09:57,905 --> 00:10:00,241 THAT AND THIS IS JUST A MEETING 249 00:10:00,241 --> 00:10:01,976 WITH THEM, THEY ARE A WONDERFUL 250 00:10:01,976 --> 00:10:05,012 GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH A LOST I 251 00:10:05,012 --> 00:10:06,113 WOULD SAY AMBITION AND VERY 252 00:10:06,113 --> 00:10:08,382 EXCITED TO BE HERE. 253 00:10:08,382 --> 00:10:09,784 SO IT'S WONDERFUL TO SEE THEM. 254 00:10:09,784 --> 00:10:11,385 I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO COME 255 00:10:11,385 --> 00:10:14,121 HERE, JUST A COUPLE WEEKS AGO 256 00:10:14,121 --> 00:10:17,291 SEEMS LIKE IT WAS MORE RECENT 257 00:10:17,291 --> 00:10:18,893 THAN JULY BUT IT COULD HAVE BEEN 258 00:10:18,893 --> 00:10:20,394 AND LEE HALL AND HIS GROUP 259 00:10:20,394 --> 00:10:22,663 HOSTED ME FOR A BRIEFINGS ON 260 00:10:22,663 --> 00:10:26,233 THEIR WORK IN THE VECTOR BORNE 261 00:10:26,233 --> 00:10:27,368 DISEASES BRANCH AND IT JUST 262 00:10:27,368 --> 00:10:29,103 HAPPENED TO BE WORLD MOSQUITO 263 00:10:29,103 --> 00:10:30,638 DAY WHICH IS REALLY QUITE 264 00:10:30,638 --> 00:10:31,472 AWESOME, THIS GROUP AS YOU'RE 265 00:10:31,472 --> 00:10:33,808 GOING TO HEAR TODAY IS DOING 266 00:10:33,808 --> 00:10:34,842 INCREDIBLE WORK, ON DISEASES 267 00:10:34,842 --> 00:10:36,811 THAT JUST DO NOT SEEM TO WANT TO 268 00:10:36,811 --> 00:10:43,017 GIVE US A BREAK THESE DAYS CROSS 269 00:10:43,017 --> 00:10:43,384 DAYS--SO 270 00:10:43,384 --> 00:10:44,385 THAT WAS REALLY EXCITING. 271 00:10:44,385 --> 00:10:48,389 I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO VISIT 272 00:10:48,389 --> 00:10:49,590 THE GATHERSBURG AND RESEARCH 273 00:10:49,590 --> 00:10:51,859 FACILITIES AND IF YOU HAVE NOT 274 00:10:51,859 --> 00:10:53,761 HEARD ABOUT THIS, THIS IS A 275 00:10:53,761 --> 00:10:55,997 PRETTY REMARKABLE ASSET THAT 276 00:10:55,997 --> 00:10:56,931 NIAID HAS. 277 00:10:56,931 --> 00:11:00,668 IT REALLY HAS FACILITATED OUR 278 00:11:00,668 --> 00:11:02,903 ABILITY TO NOT JUST GET PRODUCTS 279 00:11:02,903 --> 00:11:05,206 FROM THE BEVEN TO THE 280 00:11:05,206 --> 00:11:07,775 LABORATORY, BUT TO THE 281 00:11:07,775 --> 00:11:10,511 MANUFACTURING FACILITY AND TO 282 00:11:10,511 --> 00:11:11,445 COMMUNITIES AND MANUFACTURES, 283 00:11:11,445 --> 00:11:13,881 IT'S INN BELIEVABLE, SO WE VISIT 284 00:11:13,881 --> 00:11:15,049 THE VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM, 285 00:11:15,049 --> 00:11:17,218 PRODUCTION PROGRAM AND THE 286 00:11:17,218 --> 00:11:19,320 CLINICAL MATERIALS PROGRAM AS 287 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:21,822 SHOWN HERE AND THIS IS JUST 288 00:11:21,822 --> 00:11:23,124 REALLY AN EXAMPLE OF HOW IT 289 00:11:23,124 --> 00:11:24,358 WORKS AND AS YOU'LL PROBABLY 290 00:11:24,358 --> 00:11:28,963 HEAR A LITTLE BIT FROM THEM, THE 291 00:11:28,963 --> 00:11:30,831 BASIC RESEARCH OF COURSE STARTS 292 00:11:30,831 --> 00:11:33,501 IN THE BUILDING, BUILDING 40. 293 00:11:33,501 --> 00:11:35,236 THERE'S A PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN 294 00:11:35,236 --> 00:11:36,370 THE PRODUCTION PROGRAM THAT THEN 295 00:11:36,370 --> 00:11:39,106 GOES ON TO CLINICAL MATERIALS 296 00:11:39,106 --> 00:11:42,443 PROGRAM FOR CGMP MANUFACTURE, 297 00:11:42,443 --> 00:11:46,247 AND THEN CAN PREPARE PRODUCT FOR 298 00:11:46,247 --> 00:11:47,148 USE IN VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS 299 00:11:47,148 --> 00:11:51,085 AND THEN OF COURSE, ALL UNDER 300 00:11:51,085 --> 00:11:53,421 GIRDED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 301 00:11:53,421 --> 00:11:55,256 RELEVANT ASSAYS, TO SEE IF THE 302 00:11:55,256 --> 00:11:57,291 PRODUCTS ACTUALLY WORK AND TO 303 00:11:57,291 --> 00:11:59,827 MEASURE RESPONSE. 304 00:11:59,827 --> 00:12:01,228 THIS IS AN ECOSYSTEM THAT IS 305 00:12:01,228 --> 00:12:04,699 REALLY UNUSUAL WHEN YOU THINK 306 00:12:04,699 --> 00:12:06,467 ABOUT HOW INDUSTRY WORKS, HOW 307 00:12:06,467 --> 00:12:08,102 ACADEMICS WORK AND TO BE ABLE TO 308 00:12:08,102 --> 00:12:09,170 HAVE THIS REALLY ENCLOSED SYSTEM 309 00:12:09,170 --> 00:12:11,372 IS VERY SPECIAL AND HAS 310 00:12:11,372 --> 00:12:14,075 FACILITATED JUST A LOT OF GREAT 311 00:12:14,075 --> 00:12:18,646 DISCOVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL 312 00:12:18,646 --> 00:12:18,879 SCIENCE. 313 00:12:18,879 --> 00:12:20,181 I HAVE BEEN MEETING WITH A LOT 314 00:12:20,181 --> 00:12:21,916 OF FOLKS HERE IN TOWN, JUST A 315 00:12:21,916 --> 00:12:25,619 FEW SORT OF EXAMPLES OF WHAT I 316 00:12:25,619 --> 00:12:26,287 CALL SCIENTIFIC DIPLOMACY, WHICH 317 00:12:26,287 --> 00:12:27,722 I THINK AS I MAY HAVE TOLD SOME 318 00:12:27,722 --> 00:12:29,457 OF YOU TURNS OUT TO BE A VERY 319 00:12:29,457 --> 00:12:31,892 IMPORTANT PART OF THIS JOB. 320 00:12:31,892 --> 00:12:33,294 WE'VE HAD MEETINGS WITH THE 321 00:12:33,294 --> 00:12:34,128 MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND 322 00:12:34,128 --> 00:12:36,997 TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PEOPLE'S 323 00:12:36,997 --> 00:12:37,598 REPUBLIC OF CHINA, COLLEAGUES 324 00:12:37,598 --> 00:12:43,537 FROM OFF THE RAILIA, --AUSTRALI, 325 00:12:43,537 --> 00:12:46,307 JAPAN, W. H. O.'S TEAMS, MOST 326 00:12:46,307 --> 00:12:47,808 RECENTLY DR. JEROME SOLOMON WHO 327 00:12:47,808 --> 00:12:51,879 I SAW AT THE MUNICH MIS MEETING 328 00:12:51,879 --> 00:12:54,115 ON A PANEL ON TB CONTROL WHICH 329 00:12:54,115 --> 00:12:57,184 WAS ORGANIZED BY W. H. O. AND 330 00:12:57,184 --> 00:12:59,520 OTHERS SO THESE WERE REALLY, 331 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:00,454 REALLY TERRIFIC, GREAT TIEWPTS 332 00:13:00,454 --> 00:13:03,858 TO SEE WHAT OTHERS ARE DOING. 333 00:13:03,858 --> 00:13:05,392 I SPENT 8 DAYS IN SOUTH AFRICA 334 00:13:05,392 --> 00:13:07,461 IN AUGUST, AND IT'S A BIT 335 00:13:07,461 --> 00:13:09,463 DECEPTIVE BECAUSE IT WAS REALLY 336 00:13:09,463 --> 00:13:11,298 4 WORKS DAYS BECAUSE THERE WAS A 337 00:13:11,298 --> 00:13:13,801 LONG HOLIDAY WEEKEND SO BETWEEN 338 00:13:13,801 --> 00:13:15,102 WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY AND 339 00:13:15,102 --> 00:13:16,604 MONDAY AND TUESDAY, WE DID ALL 340 00:13:16,604 --> 00:13:18,105 OF THESE VISITS AND I WILL TELL 341 00:13:18,105 --> 00:13:19,640 YOU, I ALWAYS REMEMBER, KARL AT 342 00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:21,809 1 POINT YOU TOLD ME THAT TONY 343 00:13:21,809 --> 00:13:23,611 RAN A MARATHON EVERY DAY AND I 344 00:13:23,611 --> 00:13:24,945 DIDN'T REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT 345 00:13:24,945 --> 00:13:27,782 THAT MEANT BUT THIS WAS AN 346 00:13:27,782 --> 00:13:29,884 EXAMPLE OF REALLY I FELT LIKE I 347 00:13:29,884 --> 00:13:31,252 WAS RUNNING A PARATHON EVERY 348 00:13:31,252 --> 00:13:34,021 DAY, IT WAS FANTASTIC, WE GOT TO 349 00:13:34,021 --> 00:13:40,928 JO HAN ESTIMATE THAD BURG AND 350 00:13:40,928 --> 00:13:51,472 [INDISCERNIBLE], AND GOT TO SEE 351 00:13:51,472 --> 00:13:52,540 THOSE, THE STELLENBOSCH, 352 00:13:52,540 --> 00:13:53,808 UNIVERSITY, AND 1 OF THE LARGEST 353 00:13:53,808 --> 00:13:55,810 IN THE WORLD FOR TB STUDYING AND 354 00:13:55,810 --> 00:13:57,244 THEY PROVIDE CARE TO PEOPLE WHO 355 00:13:57,244 --> 00:13:59,847 ARE STRUGGLING WITH ADDICTION, 356 00:13:59,847 --> 00:14:03,951 AND WAS AN AMAZING REALLY, 357 00:14:03,951 --> 00:14:05,119 REALLY INSPIRING SITE AND THEN 358 00:14:05,119 --> 00:14:08,189 IN CAPE TOWN, YOU KNOW WE HAVE A 359 00:14:08,189 --> 00:14:10,024 NUMBER OF MANY PROGRAMS IN CAPE 360 00:14:10,024 --> 00:14:19,200 TOWN, JUST A COUPLE OF 361 00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:20,801 HIGHLIGHTS WERE 362 00:14:20,801 --> 00:14:21,635 STELLENBOSCH CENTER FOR TB, AND 363 00:14:21,635 --> 00:14:23,804 THE [INDISCERNIBLE] WHICH IS 1 364 00:14:23,804 --> 00:14:25,573 OF OUR IMPACT SITES TALKS TO 365 00:14:25,573 --> 00:14:26,774 PEOPLE IN THE TRIALS AND 366 00:14:26,774 --> 00:14:27,842 INCLUDING YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE 367 00:14:27,842 --> 00:14:32,446 ABLE TO ACCESS FOR EXAMPLE, LONG 368 00:14:32,446 --> 00:14:33,581 ACTING RETROVIRAL THERAPY OR 369 00:14:33,581 --> 00:14:34,515 LONG ACTING PREVENTION AND 370 00:14:34,515 --> 00:14:36,150 HEARING ABOUT THE IMPACT ITS 371 00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:37,985 MADE ON THEIR LIVES AND HOW THEY 372 00:14:37,985 --> 00:14:39,720 WISH THEY COULD GET THESE PROD 373 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:40,921 UBTS FOR EVERYBODY AND THEIR 374 00:14:40,921 --> 00:14:42,423 FAMILY WHO NEEDS THEM, OR 375 00:14:42,423 --> 00:14:46,193 EVERYBODY IN THEIR PEER NETWORK, 376 00:14:46,193 --> 00:14:46,794 REALLY INSPIRING, INCREDIBLE 377 00:14:46,794 --> 00:14:47,995 WORK ANYTHING ON THERE, ALSO I 378 00:14:47,995 --> 00:14:50,931 HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO MEET THE 379 00:14:50,931 --> 00:14:52,132 CONSUL GENERAL WHO RECENTLY 380 00:14:52,132 --> 00:14:53,767 JOINED AND SHE WAS VERY, VERY 381 00:14:53,767 --> 00:14:55,302 EXCITED ABOUT THE WORK AND THE 382 00:14:55,302 --> 00:14:56,904 INVESTMENT THAT WE HAVE MADE IN 383 00:14:56,904 --> 00:14:58,439 SOUTH AFRICA OVER THE YEARS. 384 00:14:58,439 --> 00:15:00,975 WHEN WE LOOKED AT THE OVERALL 385 00:15:00,975 --> 00:15:02,376 INVESTMENT, WE ESTIMATE THAD 386 00:15:02,376 --> 00:15:04,411 IT'S BEEN OVER A BILLION U.S. 387 00:15:04,411 --> 00:15:07,448 DOLLARS IN SOUTH AFRICA, IN THE 388 00:15:07,448 --> 00:15:10,050 LAST RELEVANT YEARS, SO IT'S 389 00:15:10,050 --> 00:15:13,120 REALLY A WONDERFUL PLACE, AND 390 00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:17,124 LASTLY I VISITED THE HVTN 391 00:15:17,124 --> 00:15:18,058 IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY WHICH FOR 392 00:15:18,058 --> 00:15:22,162 ALL THE WORLD LOOKS LIKE FRED 393 00:15:22,162 --> 00:15:23,397 HUCH, INCREDIBLE, INCREDIBLE 394 00:15:23,397 --> 00:15:24,431 PATHWAY GIVES SILLITY TO HAVE IN 395 00:15:24,431 --> 00:15:25,766 THE MIDDLE OF CAPE TOWN. 396 00:15:25,766 --> 00:15:26,934 JUST AN AMAZING TEAM AND THEN 397 00:15:26,934 --> 00:15:28,903 THESE ARE JUST SOME OF THE 398 00:15:28,903 --> 00:15:30,804 PICTURES FROM THAT, THE UPPER 399 00:15:30,804 --> 00:15:34,775 RIGHT IS THE DROP-IN CENTER I 400 00:15:34,775 --> 00:15:35,042 MENTIONED. 401 00:15:35,042 --> 00:15:37,211 UPPER LEFT IS A MEETING WITH THE 402 00:15:37,211 --> 00:15:38,779 YOUNG INVESTIGATORS IN THE HIV 403 00:15:38,779 --> 00:15:40,514 CURE TEAM WHICH WAS GREAT. 404 00:15:40,514 --> 00:15:42,816 THEIR FIRST QUESTION TO ME WAS, 405 00:15:42,816 --> 00:15:45,886 AFTER I HAD TO PROD THEM FOR A 406 00:15:45,886 --> 00:15:48,722 WHILE TO TO FEEL LIKE THEY WERE 407 00:15:48,722 --> 00:15:49,924 COMFORTABLE ASKING QUESTIONS, 408 00:15:49,924 --> 00:15:52,393 THEIR OTHER QUESTION WAS DOES IT 409 00:15:52,393 --> 00:15:54,061 GET ANY EASIER, SO IT WAS A VERY 410 00:15:54,061 --> 00:15:55,429 INTERESTING QUESTION, SO THEY 411 00:15:55,429 --> 00:15:57,564 REARLY ARE, YOU KNOW STRUGGLING, 412 00:15:57,564 --> 00:15:58,499 THINKING ABOUT FUNDING, TRYING 413 00:15:58,499 --> 00:16:00,901 TO FIND THEIR WAY AS EARLY 414 00:16:00,901 --> 00:16:04,305 INVESTIGATORS, AND JUST A 415 00:16:04,305 --> 00:16:05,973 REALLY, WONDERFUL DIVERSE 416 00:16:05,973 --> 00:16:08,108 COMMITTED GROUP OF YOUNG SOUTH 417 00:16:08,108 --> 00:16:10,511 AFRICAN PEOPLE. 418 00:16:10,511 --> 00:16:12,413 SO LET'S--THAT'S JUST A REALLY A 419 00:16:12,413 --> 00:16:14,949 SMATTERING OF ALL THE STUFF 420 00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:16,083 THAT'S BEEN GOING ON. 421 00:16:16,083 --> 00:16:17,751 WE COULD SHOW YOU A LOT OF 422 00:16:17,751 --> 00:16:18,619 REALLY NICE PHOTOS ALL MORNING 423 00:16:18,619 --> 00:16:20,187 BUT WE HAVE TO UNFORTUNATELY 424 00:16:20,187 --> 00:16:21,088 TALK ABOUT MONEY. 425 00:16:21,088 --> 00:16:26,560 SO THIS, THIS IS THE SLIDE THAT 426 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:28,295 EVERYBODY HAS, I THINK SEEN 427 00:16:28,295 --> 00:16:31,799 SEVERAL TIMES, THAT SHOWS OUR 428 00:16:31,799 --> 00:16:35,436 FUNDING LEVELS FROM 2000-2025, 429 00:16:35,436 --> 00:16:36,937 REMEMBER THAT APPARENT DROP IN 430 00:16:36,937 --> 00:16:38,472 2013 THAT WAS NOT REALLY A DROP, 431 00:16:38,472 --> 00:16:40,274 THAT WAS DUE TO THE FACT THAT 432 00:16:40,274 --> 00:16:42,776 THE GLOBAL FUND MONEY NO LONGER 433 00:16:42,776 --> 00:16:44,545 PASSED THROUGH NIAID AND WE HAVE 434 00:16:44,545 --> 00:16:47,114 RECEIVED PRETTY MUCH STEADY 435 00:16:47,114 --> 00:16:52,453 INCREASES UNTIL FISCAL YEAR 436 00:16:52,453 --> 00:16:54,588 2024. 437 00:16:54,588 --> 00:16:56,090 SO FOR FY 2025 BUDGET, THE 438 00:16:56,090 --> 00:16:57,458 PRESIDENT SUBMIT TODAY TO 439 00:16:57,458 --> 00:16:59,326 CONGRESS ON MARCH 11th AND 440 00:16:59,326 --> 00:17:01,495 PROPOSED AN OVERALL INCREASE FOR 441 00:17:01,495 --> 00:17:05,966 NIH OF 5.6% OR 2.76 BILLION 442 00:17:05,966 --> 00:17:08,469 ABOVE THE FY2024 ENACTED LEVEL. 443 00:17:08,469 --> 00:17:11,138 HOWEVER, OUR BUDGET AND MOST 444 00:17:11,138 --> 00:17:13,741 OTHER IC BUDGETS REMAIN FLAT 445 00:17:13,741 --> 00:17:24,284 WITH THE FY2024 ENACTED BUDGET. 446 00:17:25,619 --> 00:17:27,855 THE HOUSE IN THE SECOND COLUMN, 447 00:17:27,855 --> 00:17:29,623 SUBMITTED THE BUDGET ON 448 00:17:29,623 --> 00:17:30,858 JULY 9th AND MAY HAVE HEARD 449 00:17:30,858 --> 00:17:32,826 THAT THEY PROPOSED THAT OUR 450 00:17:32,826 --> 00:17:36,530 FUNDING FOR 2025 BE SPLIT INTO 2 451 00:17:36,530 --> 00:17:41,969 ICs, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON 452 00:17:41,969 --> 00:17:44,204 INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND AND THE 453 00:17:44,204 --> 00:17:48,142 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON IMMUNE 454 00:17:48,142 --> 00:17:48,842 SYSTEM AND ARTHRITIS. 455 00:17:48,842 --> 00:17:50,778 THE SENATE WHICH IS IN THE 456 00:17:50,778 --> 00:17:53,313 FOURTH COLUMN THERE SUBMITTED 457 00:17:53,313 --> 00:17:55,449 THE FY2025 BUDGET ON 458 00:17:55,449 --> 00:17:56,850 AUGUST 1st SO SUCH SUGGESTION 459 00:17:56,850 --> 00:17:59,987 THAT WE SPLIT AND THEY PROPOSED 460 00:17:59,987 --> 00:18:01,755 130 MILLION-DOLLAR INCREASE FOR 461 00:18:01,755 --> 00:18:05,359 US OVER FY2024 WHICH IS A 2% 462 00:18:05,359 --> 00:18:05,626 INCREASE. 463 00:18:05,626 --> 00:18:08,629 SO JUST TO KEEP YOU AWARE OF 464 00:18:08,629 --> 00:18:11,398 WHAT'S GOING ON, WE WILL SEE 465 00:18:11,398 --> 00:18:11,932 WHAT HAPPENS. 466 00:18:11,932 --> 00:18:15,436 OBVIOUSLY WITH THE ELECTION 467 00:18:15,436 --> 00:18:17,271 COMING UP, WE SUSPECT WE WILL 468 00:18:17,271 --> 00:18:19,106 PROBABLY BE UNDER A CONTINUING 469 00:18:19,106 --> 00:18:19,940 RESOLUTION BUT THAT'S WHAT WE 470 00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:22,776 HAVE ON THE TABLE. 471 00:18:22,776 --> 00:18:24,178 A COUPLE WORDS ABOUT EAR MARKS 472 00:18:24,178 --> 00:18:26,847 AS YOU MAY KNOW, EAR MARKS LIMIT 473 00:18:26,847 --> 00:18:28,148 OUR FLEXIBILITY TO ALLOCATE 474 00:18:28,148 --> 00:18:31,151 ADDITIONAL FUNDS TO OTHER NIAID 475 00:18:31,151 --> 00:18:33,520 PRIORITIES. 476 00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:36,123 WE ARE REQUIRED TO SPEND THIS 477 00:18:36,123 --> 00:18:37,691 MONEY UNDER THE AH SPICES OF THE 478 00:18:37,691 --> 00:18:40,861 TOPIC THAT THE MONEY IS EAR 479 00:18:40,861 --> 00:18:43,564 MARKED TOO, HENCE THE NAME. 480 00:18:43,564 --> 00:18:45,232 THE NEW TARGET RESEARCH 481 00:18:45,232 --> 00:18:46,266 REQUIREMENTS IN FY2025 ARE 482 00:18:46,266 --> 00:18:48,836 LISTED THERE FOR BOTH THE HOUSE 483 00:18:48,836 --> 00:18:52,039 AND THE SENATE AND YOU CAN SEE 484 00:18:52,039 --> 00:18:53,340 FY24 ENACTED FOR REFERENCE, BOTH 485 00:18:53,340 --> 00:18:56,009 THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE 486 00:18:56,009 --> 00:18:57,778 PROPOSED A 25 MILLION-DOLLAR 487 00:18:57,778 --> 00:19:01,215 INCREASE TO TICK-BORNE DISEASE 488 00:19:01,215 --> 00:19:02,382 TARGET MAKING IT 125 MILLION, 489 00:19:02,382 --> 00:19:06,386 25% HIGHER THAN WHAT WAS ENACTED 490 00:19:06,386 --> 00:19:11,859 IN FY2024, AND IN FY2025, THE 491 00:19:11,859 --> 00:19:13,961 SENATE PROPOSED $80 MILLION FOR 492 00:19:13,961 --> 00:19:15,362 FUND NOTHING ANTIVIRAL DISCOVERY 493 00:19:15,362 --> 00:19:17,564 CENTERS OR AVIDS AND ALSO 494 00:19:17,564 --> 00:19:19,399 PROPOSED ADDITIONAL FUNDING OF 495 00:19:19,399 --> 00:19:21,568 $10 MILLION TO THE NATIONAL 496 00:19:21,568 --> 00:19:22,703 BIOCONTAINMENT LABORATORIES TO 497 00:19:22,703 --> 00:19:24,538 REACH A TOTAL OF $3 MILLION. 498 00:19:24,538 --> 00:19:26,807 SO CAN YOU SEE OUR TOTAL EAR 499 00:19:26,807 --> 00:19:29,610 MARK INCREASED THERE, IS 500 00:19:29,610 --> 00:19:30,777 52 MILLION AND TOTAL OVERALL IS 501 00:19:30,777 --> 00:19:34,615 A LITTLE OVER A BILLION. 502 00:19:34,615 --> 00:19:37,117 JUST A COMMENT ABOUT SOME OF OUR 503 00:19:37,117 --> 00:19:37,851 LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES. 504 00:19:37,851 --> 00:19:42,356 I WILL TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 505 00:19:42,356 --> 00:19:44,191 LONG COVID LATER BUT TO 506 00:19:44,191 --> 00:19:46,059 HIGHLIGHT ON JUNE 21st, THE 507 00:19:46,059 --> 00:19:48,362 OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE POLICY AND 508 00:19:48,362 --> 00:19:51,064 ANALYSIS HELD A LUNCH AND LEARN 509 00:19:51,064 --> 00:19:52,599 ON LONG COVID FOR GRNGAL STAFF 510 00:19:52,599 --> 00:19:56,036 ON WHERE WE ARE @ NIH HAD LONG 511 00:19:56,036 --> 00:19:59,806 COVID, THERE WERE A NUMBER OF 512 00:19:59,806 --> 00:20:02,576 PEOPLE INCLUDING 513 00:20:02,576 --> 00:20:03,277 DR. BERTAGNOLLI, INCLUDING 514 00:20:03,277 --> 00:20:06,346 DR. JOE GREEN FROM THE DIVISION 515 00:20:06,346 --> 00:20:11,418 OF AIDS, DAIT AND DR. WALTER 516 00:20:11,418 --> 00:20:13,720 KOROSCHWETZ, WHO IS THE NINDS 517 00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:13,987 DIRECTOR. 518 00:20:13,987 --> 00:20:15,622 THAT WAS VERY HELP EMPLOY ON 519 00:20:15,622 --> 00:20:18,392 JULY 10th I WENT WITH A NUMBER 520 00:20:18,392 --> 00:20:20,727 OF PEOPLE FROM THE ASSISTANT 521 00:20:20,727 --> 00:20:24,097 SECRETARY FOR PANDEMIC RESPONSES 522 00:20:24,097 --> 00:20:28,435 OFFICE, BARTA, THE FDA, CDC AND 523 00:20:28,435 --> 00:20:32,539 USDA, TO BRIEF MEMBERS OF THE 524 00:20:32,539 --> 00:20:35,976 GOP DOCTORS CONGRESS. 525 00:20:35,976 --> 00:20:36,643 --SORRY GOPDOCTOR'S CAUCUS ON 526 00:20:36,643 --> 00:20:40,614 WHAT WAS GOING ON WITH OUR H5 N1 527 00:20:40,614 --> 00:20:41,748 RESEARCH PORTFOLIO. 528 00:20:41,748 --> 00:20:44,384 THIS WAS ACTUALLY A VERY 529 00:20:44,384 --> 00:20:45,385 POSITIVE INTERACTION. 530 00:20:45,385 --> 00:20:46,820 YOU CAN SEE BRAD [INDISCERNIBLE] 531 00:20:46,820 --> 00:20:48,355 UP THERE SITTING ACROSS THE 532 00:20:48,355 --> 00:20:49,022 TABLE. 533 00:20:49,022 --> 00:20:50,390 IT WAS A--I THOUGHT THAT WAS 534 00:20:50,390 --> 00:20:53,327 TONE WAS VERY POSITIVE, THEY 535 00:20:53,327 --> 00:20:54,861 ACTUALLY MENTIONED THAT THEY HAD 536 00:20:54,861 --> 00:20:55,929 DONE THESE FREQUENTLY IN THE 537 00:20:55,929 --> 00:20:58,465 BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC AND 538 00:20:58,465 --> 00:20:59,299 PREVIOUSLY FOR OUTBREAKS AND 539 00:20:59,299 --> 00:21:00,500 WOULD LIKE TO START DOING THIS 540 00:21:00,500 --> 00:21:02,002 AGAIN, SO I THINK IT ACTUALLY 541 00:21:02,002 --> 00:21:04,605 WAS A VERY POSITIVE INTERACTION, 542 00:21:04,605 --> 00:21:07,908 I SHOULD ALSO MENTION THAT THERE 543 00:21:07,908 --> 00:21:10,077 HAS BEEN A LOT OF CONGRESSIONAL 544 00:21:10,077 --> 00:21:14,848 INTEREST IN OUR H5 N1 PORTFOLIO, 545 00:21:14,848 --> 00:21:16,116 AND BOTH TARA [INDISCERNIBLE] 546 00:21:16,116 --> 00:21:19,853 AND MIKE [INDISCERNIBLE] OF OUR 547 00:21:19,853 --> 00:21:23,991 RESPIRATORY DISEASES BRANCH IN 548 00:21:23,991 --> 00:21:26,760 D MID HAVE BEEN DOING SIMILAR 549 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:27,628 EFFORTS, KEEPING THEM APPRISED 550 00:21:27,628 --> 00:21:29,630 AND WHAT WE'RE UP TO. 551 00:21:29,630 --> 00:21:32,299 AND THEN VERY RECENTLY A VERY 552 00:21:32,299 --> 00:21:34,835 SUCCESSFUL POSITIVE VISIT TO 553 00:21:34,835 --> 00:21:37,437 ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABS HOSTED BY 554 00:21:37,437 --> 00:21:40,507 DR. MARSHAL BLOOM LEADING A SITE 555 00:21:40,507 --> 00:21:42,309 VISIT FOR CONGRESSIONAL 556 00:21:42,309 --> 00:21:43,477 APPROPRIATIONS STAFF, A 557 00:21:43,477 --> 00:21:44,978 BIPARTISAN GROUP FROM THE 558 00:21:44,978 --> 00:21:45,545 APPROPRIATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE, 559 00:21:45,545 --> 00:21:47,948 THEY HAD A TOUR OF ROCKY 560 00:21:47,948 --> 00:21:49,616 MOUNTAIN LAB AND HEARD FIRST 561 00:21:49,616 --> 00:21:51,018 HAND FROM INVESTIGATORS ABOUT A 562 00:21:51,018 --> 00:21:52,552 BROAD RANGE OF RESEARCH, SO A 563 00:21:52,552 --> 00:21:54,988 LOT OF EFFORTS TO CONTINUE TO BE 564 00:21:54,988 --> 00:21:57,257 TRANSPARENT, RECEPTIVE AND TRY 565 00:21:57,257 --> 00:21:58,458 TO UPDATE PEOPLE ON THE WORK 566 00:21:58,458 --> 00:22:02,963 THAT WE'RE DOING IN AN EFFORT TO 567 00:22:02,963 --> 00:22:05,232 CONTINUE THE POSITIVE DIALOGUE. 568 00:22:05,232 --> 00:22:07,467 JUST A COUPLE OF OTHER THINGS, 569 00:22:07,467 --> 00:22:08,735 I'M GOING TO DEDICATE THE 570 00:22:08,735 --> 00:22:09,803 REMINDER OF THE SESSION AND I 571 00:22:09,803 --> 00:22:11,605 WILL HAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS TO 572 00:22:11,605 --> 00:22:13,473 A DISCUSSION OF OTHER ITEMS THAT 573 00:22:13,473 --> 00:22:17,077 I THINK ARE REALLY INTERESTING, 574 00:22:17,077 --> 00:22:19,012 FOLLOW UPS, AND OTHER EXCITING 575 00:22:19,012 --> 00:22:20,814 DEVELOPMENTS, JUST A WORD ON 576 00:22:20,814 --> 00:22:23,617 WHAT'S BEEN HAPPENING WITH THE 577 00:22:23,617 --> 00:22:25,352 HIV ARENA, WE ARE STILL NOT 578 00:22:25,352 --> 00:22:27,187 WHERE WE NEED TO BE WITH HIV. 579 00:22:27,187 --> 00:22:31,325 I DON'T THINK I NEED TO TELL YOU 580 00:22:31,325 --> 00:22:34,995 THAT AND AT THE 581 00:22:34,995 --> 00:22:36,129 IAS--INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY 582 00:22:36,129 --> 00:22:37,497 MEETING IN MUNICH THIS YEAR, 1 583 00:22:37,497 --> 00:22:39,900 OF THE THINGS THAT CAUGHT MY I 584 00:22:39,900 --> 00:22:44,204 WAS THE FACT THAT EPIDEMICS ARE 585 00:22:44,204 --> 00:22:45,572 GROWING OUTSIDE OF SUB-SAHARAN 586 00:22:45,572 --> 00:22:47,574 AFRICA, IN FACT THIS WAS THE 587 00:22:47,574 --> 00:22:50,310 MOST RECENT YEARTALLY WHERE THE 588 00:22:50,310 --> 00:22:52,979 INCIDENTS IN THESE COUNTRIES WAS 589 00:22:52,979 --> 00:22:54,381 HIGHER THAN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, 590 00:22:54,381 --> 00:22:55,449 THE NUMBERS ARE INCREASING 591 00:22:55,449 --> 00:22:55,649 THERE. 592 00:22:55,649 --> 00:22:58,285 IN THE FACE OF THAT, OUR 593 00:22:58,285 --> 00:23:00,854 RESOURCES FOR HIV HAVE NOT BEEN 594 00:23:00,854 --> 00:23:07,127 STUDIED, THEY DROPPED BY 5% FROM 595 00:23:07,127 --> 00:23:08,495 2022 AND REMAIN SHORT OF WHAT WE 596 00:23:08,495 --> 00:23:09,529 NEED IN ORDER TO REALIZE WHAT 597 00:23:09,529 --> 00:23:11,798 PEOPLE ARE THINKING ABOUT AS THE 598 00:23:11,798 --> 00:23:12,399 2030 GOALS. 599 00:23:12,399 --> 00:23:16,636 AND OF COURSE WE'RE NOT DOING 600 00:23:16,636 --> 00:23:16,837 DOING 601 00:23:16,837 --> 00:23:18,472 GREAT IN THE UNITED STATES. 602 00:23:18,472 --> 00:23:22,008 WE'VE SEEN NICE DECLINES IN THE 603 00:23:22,008 --> 00:23:23,977 ESTIMATED INCIDENTS AMONG KEY 604 00:23:23,977 --> 00:23:26,246 GROUPS LIKE MALE-MALE SEXUAL 605 00:23:26,246 --> 00:23:28,014 CONTACT AND ALSO GROUPS WHO WAS 606 00:23:28,014 --> 00:23:30,083 INJECTION DRUGS BUT I WILL POINT 607 00:23:30,083 --> 00:23:33,053 OUT THAT THE INCIDENTS IN 608 00:23:33,053 --> 00:23:35,155 HETEROSEXUAL ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO 609 00:23:35,155 --> 00:23:36,189 HETEROSEXUAL CONTRACT REALLY HAS 610 00:23:36,189 --> 00:23:38,358 NOT BUDGED AT ALL AND WE HAVE 611 00:23:38,358 --> 00:23:40,227 NOT CONTINUED TO REACH SOME OF 612 00:23:40,227 --> 00:23:42,996 THE MOST VULNERABLE POPULATIONS 613 00:23:42,996 --> 00:23:44,364 PARTICULARLY IN THE SOUTHEAST. 614 00:23:44,364 --> 00:23:47,501 SO WE ARE A LOT OF WORK TO DO. 615 00:23:47,501 --> 00:23:49,436 THE AIDS CONFERENCE IN MUNICH, 616 00:23:49,436 --> 00:23:52,205 MANY OF THE TEAM WERE THERE, I 617 00:23:52,205 --> 00:23:56,410 WAS THERE, IT WAS A VERY--I 618 00:23:56,410 --> 00:23:58,712 WOULD SAY POSITIVE, VIBRANT, 619 00:23:58,712 --> 00:24:00,414 PRETTY INSPIRING MEETING AS 620 00:24:00,414 --> 00:24:03,850 THESE MEETINGS GO, THE THEME WAS 621 00:24:03,850 --> 00:24:04,751 PUT PEOPLE FIRST. 622 00:24:04,751 --> 00:24:07,187 I WAS INVOLVED IN A NUMBER OF 623 00:24:07,187 --> 00:24:08,188 PRESENTATIONS AS WERE MANY 624 00:24:08,188 --> 00:24:10,323 PEOPLE HERE AND JUST A COUPLE OF 625 00:24:10,323 --> 00:24:12,359 HIGHLIGHTS, I THINK MOST OF YOU 626 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:16,797 HAVE HEARD ABOUT LONGACKING PREP 627 00:24:16,797 --> 00:24:18,165 OR PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS. 628 00:24:18,165 --> 00:24:19,466 THERE WERE ORIGINAL RESEARCH 629 00:24:19,466 --> 00:24:20,500 PRESENTATIONS ON THE PURPOSE 630 00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:22,169 STUDY WHICH I WILL SHOW IN A 631 00:24:22,169 --> 00:24:24,604 SECOND THAT INVOLVED TWICE 632 00:24:24,604 --> 00:24:26,239 YEARLY INJECTION OF LENOIRA 633 00:24:26,239 --> 00:24:30,177 CAPPA VIR, A CAPSID INHIBITOR, 634 00:24:30,177 --> 00:24:31,578 ASSEMBLY INHIBITOR IN CIS GENDER 635 00:24:31,578 --> 00:24:33,346 WOMEN WHICH WAS VERY EXCITING 636 00:24:33,346 --> 00:24:34,548 OTHER AS I WILL SHOW YOU IN A 637 00:24:34,548 --> 00:24:34,781 SECOND. 638 00:24:34,781 --> 00:24:37,384 THERE WAS GREAT WORK FROM OUR 639 00:24:37,384 --> 00:24:39,319 TEAMS SHOWING THAT INJECTABLE 640 00:24:39,319 --> 00:24:40,754 [INDISCERNIBLE] WAS SAFE AND 641 00:24:40,754 --> 00:24:41,888 EFFECTIVE IN PREGNANCY, WE HEARD 642 00:24:41,888 --> 00:24:43,957 ABOUT THE NEXT BERLIN PATIENT 643 00:24:43,957 --> 00:24:47,394 WHO HAD SUSTAINED HIV REMISSION 644 00:24:47,394 --> 00:24:48,562 WITHOUT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY 645 00:24:48,562 --> 00:24:51,865 AS A HETEROSWROIGOUS CCR5 ALOE 646 00:24:51,865 --> 00:24:54,234 GENERATED AIC STEM CELL TRAN 647 00:24:54,234 --> 00:24:58,472 PLANT, LOTS OF STUFF ON 648 00:24:58,472 --> 00:25:00,841 DOXYPREP, DOCKSY PEP, LOTS OF 649 00:25:00,841 --> 00:25:02,943 INTERESTING INFORMATION ON 650 00:25:02,943 --> 00:25:03,577 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES, 651 00:25:03,577 --> 00:25:05,812 PREVENTION TREME, AND CURE, AND 652 00:25:05,812 --> 00:25:07,547 SUCCESS WITH GERM LINE TARGETING 653 00:25:07,547 --> 00:25:09,616 WHICH HAS REALLY TAKEN OFF AND 654 00:25:09,616 --> 00:25:13,453 THEN ALSO A THEME OF THE 655 00:25:13,453 --> 00:25:14,221 CONFERENCE ON NEGATIVE IMPACTS 656 00:25:14,221 --> 00:25:18,024 OF SIGNATURES STATE REGULATOR, 657 00:25:18,024 --> 00:25:18,592 DISCRIMINATION AND 658 00:25:18,592 --> 00:25:19,426 CRIMINALIZATION, IF YOU HAVEN'T 659 00:25:19,426 --> 00:25:21,361 SEEN THE STUDY, LET ME SHOW YOU 660 00:25:21,361 --> 00:25:22,529 THIS, IT'S QUITE GAME CHANGING 661 00:25:22,529 --> 00:25:23,930 TO SAY THE LEAST. 662 00:25:23,930 --> 00:25:27,667 THIS WAS A STUDY IN WOMEN IN 663 00:25:27,667 --> 00:25:30,937 UGANDA AND SOUTH AFRICA, LOOKING 664 00:25:30,937 --> 00:25:34,140 AT TWICE A YEAR OR EVERY 6 665 00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:37,711 MONTHS INJECTION OF LENACAPP A 666 00:25:37,711 --> 00:25:39,212 VIR, THE GROUP RANDOMIZED THESE 667 00:25:39,212 --> 00:25:43,383 WOMEN TO EITHER THE 668 00:25:43,383 --> 00:25:52,192 INVESTIGATORRAL PRODUCT OR TO 669 00:25:52,192 --> 00:25:53,360 F/TAF, TENOFVIR CAP BASED 670 00:25:53,360 --> 00:25:55,462 ORALLY, AND YOU CAN SEE THERE IN 671 00:25:55,462 --> 00:26:02,168 THE ARM THERE, 0 INFECTIONS 672 00:26:02,168 --> 00:26:03,136 OCCURRED OVER THE 1939 PERSON 673 00:26:03,136 --> 00:26:06,506 YEAR FOLLOW UP, THERE WERE 16 IN 674 00:26:06,506 --> 00:26:09,075 THE TDF GROUP SO SO FAR THAT 675 00:26:09,075 --> 00:26:09,809 LOOKS PRETTY AMAZING. 676 00:26:09,809 --> 00:26:11,044 THE DEVIL OF IS OF COURSE GOING 677 00:26:11,044 --> 00:26:13,280 TO BE IN THE DETAILS. 678 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:15,982 THERE ARE A LOT OF STUDIES TO 679 00:26:15,982 --> 00:26:18,852 FOLLOW UP ON THIS, AT THE SAME 680 00:26:18,852 --> 00:26:20,020 TIME PEOPLE CLAMORING FOR ACCESS 681 00:26:20,020 --> 00:26:22,856 JUST ON THE BASIS OF THAT FIRST 682 00:26:22,856 --> 00:26:26,059 TRIAL SO, I WOULD SAY, IT'S 683 00:26:26,059 --> 00:26:27,627 GIVEN THE ADVOCACY COMMUNITY 684 00:26:27,627 --> 00:26:30,297 QUITE A SHOT IN THE ARM, NO PUN 685 00:26:30,297 --> 00:26:31,064 INTENDED, THEY DON'T GET THIS 686 00:26:31,064 --> 00:26:33,934 SHOT IN THE ARM, YOU GET IT IN 687 00:26:33,934 --> 00:26:35,635 THE ABDOMEN, BUT TELL BE VERY 688 00:26:35,635 --> 00:26:38,905 INTERESTING, I THINK TO SEE HOW 689 00:26:38,905 --> 00:26:39,272 THIS ROLLS OUT. 690 00:26:39,272 --> 00:26:40,407 WE HAVE FINGERPRINTS AND 691 00:26:40,407 --> 00:26:42,409 INVESTMENT IN A COUPLE OF THE 692 00:26:42,409 --> 00:26:44,611 FOLLOW UP STUDIES, PURPOSE 3 AND 693 00:26:44,611 --> 00:26:46,846 4, WHICH ARE BOTH HAPPENING IN 694 00:26:46,846 --> 00:26:49,049 THE UNITED STATES AS PART OF OUR 695 00:26:49,049 --> 00:26:50,850 HIV PREVENTION TRIALS NETWORK, 696 00:26:50,850 --> 00:26:54,588 THOSE ARE STUDIES OF THIS 697 00:26:54,588 --> 00:26:55,322 PRODUCT THIS CISGENDER WOMEN IN 698 00:26:55,322 --> 00:26:57,390 THE U.S. AND PEOPLE WHO INJECT 699 00:26:57,390 --> 00:26:58,858 DRUG ANDS BOTH OF THOSE ARE 700 00:26:58,858 --> 00:26:59,626 RECRUITING NOW. 701 00:26:59,626 --> 00:27:07,233 SO VERY, VERY EXCITING TIME FOR 702 00:27:07,233 --> 00:27:09,603 LONG ACTING CHEMO PREVENTION. 703 00:27:09,603 --> 00:27:11,771 VERY LONG FORMS, SOME OF WHICH I 704 00:27:11,771 --> 00:27:13,506 PARTICIPATE INDEED ABOUT THE 705 00:27:13,506 --> 00:27:15,141 ROLE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN 706 00:27:15,141 --> 00:27:16,443 THIS SPACE GIVEN THIS AND WHERE 707 00:27:16,443 --> 00:27:17,744 THE VACCINE FIELD SHOULD BE 708 00:27:17,744 --> 00:27:19,045 GOING, SO LOTS OF STUFF GOING ON 709 00:27:19,045 --> 00:27:19,279 THERE. 710 00:27:19,279 --> 00:27:21,615 SO JUST A WORD ABOUT STIs AS 711 00:27:21,615 --> 00:27:25,785 YOU KNOW WE'RE CONTINUING TO SEE 712 00:27:25,785 --> 00:27:27,821 STRATOSPHERIC INCREASES I WOULD 713 00:27:27,821 --> 00:27:29,422 SAY IN BACTERIA IN PARTICULAR 714 00:27:29,422 --> 00:27:30,557 STIs IN THE UNITED STATES AND 715 00:27:30,557 --> 00:27:31,424 DPLOABALLY EMPLOY 1 OF THE 716 00:27:31,424 --> 00:27:37,998 THINGS WE HAVE DONE TO TRY TO 717 00:27:37,998 --> 00:27:41,401 ADDRESS THE SYPHILIS EPIDEMIC IS 718 00:27:41,401 --> 00:27:42,535 TO SUPPORT INNOVATION IN 719 00:27:42,535 --> 00:27:44,137 DIAGNOSTIC AND YOU MAY HAVE SEEN 720 00:27:44,137 --> 00:27:45,271 THIS PRESS RELEASE LAST WEEK 721 00:27:45,271 --> 00:27:47,173 WHICH GOT A NICE AMOUNT OF 722 00:27:47,173 --> 00:27:47,440 ATTENTION. 723 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:50,210 AS YOU KNOW IT'S REALLY PAINFUL 724 00:27:50,210 --> 00:27:51,378 TO DIAGNOSE SYPHILIS, IT'S 725 00:27:51,378 --> 00:27:52,445 IMPOSSIBLE SOMETIMES TO TELL 726 00:27:52,445 --> 00:27:53,713 WHETHER PEOPLE ARE REINFECTED 727 00:27:53,713 --> 00:27:59,619 WHETHER THEY HAVE A PERSISTENT 728 00:27:59,619 --> 00:28:00,754 [INDISCERNIBLE] DATE, DIAGNOSING 729 00:28:00,754 --> 00:28:02,589 CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IS A REAL 730 00:28:02,589 --> 00:28:03,990 MESS, SO HOPEFULLY THIS WILL GET 731 00:28:03,990 --> 00:28:05,258 US TRACTION AND HELP US FIGURE 732 00:28:05,258 --> 00:28:09,095 OUT HOW BET TORE GET NOT JUST TO 733 00:28:09,095 --> 00:28:10,630 DIAGNOSE BUT ALSO MONITOR IN 734 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:12,265 RESPONSE TO NEW INTERVENTIONS 735 00:28:12,265 --> 00:28:13,133 AND VACCINES. 736 00:28:13,133 --> 00:28:14,934 WE DON'T REALLY EVEN KNOW HOW TO 737 00:28:14,934 --> 00:28:18,638 MONITOR THE RESPONSE TO A 738 00:28:18,638 --> 00:28:20,106 VACCINE CANDIDATE FOR 739 00:28:20,106 --> 00:28:20,607 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 740 00:28:20,607 --> 00:28:22,742 COUPLE MORE UPINDICATES THE 741 00:28:22,742 --> 00:28:24,477 SITUATION WITH H5 N1, THANKS TO 742 00:28:24,477 --> 00:28:27,847 I SHOULD HAVE MENTION THAD GREG 743 00:28:27,847 --> 00:28:29,015 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND BOB ISINGER 744 00:28:29,015 --> 00:28:30,884 WORKED VERY HARD ON THESE SLIDES 745 00:28:30,884 --> 00:28:32,052 AND UPDATED THIS SLIDE ON FRIDAY 746 00:28:32,052 --> 00:28:34,654 AFTER WE HEARD THAT THERE WAS 747 00:28:34,654 --> 00:28:37,357 ANOTHER CASE OF H5 N1 IN 748 00:28:37,357 --> 00:28:37,924 MISSOURI. 749 00:28:37,924 --> 00:28:40,226 I'M ACTUALLY QUITE NERVOUS ABOUT 750 00:28:40,226 --> 00:28:40,827 THAT CASE. 751 00:28:40,827 --> 00:28:43,863 I THINK THAT FROM WHAT WE KNOW 752 00:28:43,863 --> 00:28:47,567 AS YOU PROBABLY HEARD IN THE 753 00:28:47,567 --> 00:28:51,304 NEWS THIS CASE HAD NO NO LINK TO 754 00:28:51,304 --> 00:28:55,308 EXPOSE TOWER H5 N1, IT WAS A 755 00:28:55,308 --> 00:28:58,545 PERSON WITH UNDERLYING 756 00:28:58,545 --> 00:29:00,246 PREDISPOSITION TO PULMONARY 757 00:29:00,246 --> 00:29:02,549 INFECTION, BUT NO CONTACT TO 758 00:29:02,549 --> 00:29:04,150 ANYTHING THAT COULD REMOTELY BE 759 00:29:04,150 --> 00:29:08,354 LINKED BACK TO A LIKELIHOOD OF 760 00:29:08,354 --> 00:29:09,322 H5 N1 EXPOSURE. 761 00:29:09,322 --> 00:29:11,124 THE CDC IS ON A CALL THIS 762 00:29:11,124 --> 00:29:12,559 MORNING AND IS CONTINUING TO TRY 763 00:29:12,559 --> 00:29:13,727 TO SEQUENCE THE RELEVANT PARTS 764 00:29:13,727 --> 00:29:15,161 OF WHAT THEY GOT. 765 00:29:15,161 --> 00:29:17,263 FORTUNATELY THE CT VALUE FOR THE 766 00:29:17,263 --> 00:29:18,965 ISOLATE THAT WAS RETRIEVED WAS 767 00:29:18,965 --> 00:29:20,467 38 SO THEY'RE REALLY NOT GOING 768 00:29:20,467 --> 00:29:22,268 TO BE ABLE TO PROBABLY ASSEMBLE 769 00:29:22,268 --> 00:29:24,404 VERY MUCH OF THE GENOME, THAT 770 00:29:24,404 --> 00:29:26,439 SAID IT'S ALMOST CERTAINLY 771 00:29:26,439 --> 00:29:28,341 CONSISTENT WITH THE BOVINE 772 00:29:28,341 --> 00:29:28,575 STRAINS. 773 00:29:28,575 --> 00:29:30,744 SO IT IS NOT A MISTAKE, IT'S 774 00:29:30,744 --> 00:29:32,278 REAL. 775 00:29:32,278 --> 00:29:35,381 AND THERE ARE NO HERDS INFECT 776 00:29:35,381 --> 00:29:37,117 WIDE H5 N1 IN MISSOURI WHICH 777 00:29:37,117 --> 00:29:38,284 FURTHER CONTRIBUTES TO THE 778 00:29:38,284 --> 00:29:38,518 MYSTERY. 779 00:29:38,518 --> 00:29:40,386 THERE ARE GOOD THINGS, THERE'S 780 00:29:40,386 --> 00:29:42,989 NO LIVE VIRUS OF COURSE, IN THE 781 00:29:42,989 --> 00:29:45,291 MILK AS YOU PROBABLY HEARD AND 782 00:29:45,291 --> 00:29:47,927 IT LOOKS LIKE THERE ARE RARE 783 00:29:47,927 --> 00:29:49,529 GENETIC MARKERS AND RESISTANCE 784 00:29:49,529 --> 00:29:50,797 TO ANTIVIRALS BUT AGAIN THIS, IS 785 00:29:50,797 --> 00:29:53,566 A SITUATION THAT IS CONTINUALLY 786 00:29:53,566 --> 00:29:54,067 EVOLVING. 787 00:29:54,067 --> 00:29:56,069 AND THIS IS ACTUALLY THE UPDATE 788 00:29:56,069 --> 00:29:58,805 THANKS TO BOB AND GREG FOR 789 00:29:58,805 --> 00:29:59,706 UPDATING THAT. 790 00:29:59,706 --> 00:30:01,241 IT'LL BE INTERESTING TO SEE NOW 791 00:30:01,241 --> 00:30:03,209 THAT BIRDS ARE MIGRATING BACK 792 00:30:03,209 --> 00:30:04,577 FROM THE ARCTIC, WHAT THEIR 793 00:30:04,577 --> 00:30:07,714 SITUATION IS, IT LOOKS LIKE THE 794 00:30:07,714 --> 00:30:09,749 MORETALLITY RATE IN MIGRATING 795 00:30:09,749 --> 00:30:11,484 BIRDS AS PROBABLY LEVELED OFF A 796 00:30:11,484 --> 00:30:13,052 BIT WHICH GIVES US SOME HOPE. 797 00:30:13,052 --> 00:30:14,420 I THINK THAT THEY'RE NOT GOING 798 00:30:14,420 --> 00:30:16,523 TO BE PERHAPS AS CONTAINCHIOUS, 799 00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:18,391 WE DON'T REALLY KNOW, THAT WILL 800 00:30:18,391 --> 00:30:20,160 DECREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF A 801 00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:20,794 PILL OVER EVENT. 802 00:30:20,794 --> 00:30:22,996 WE REALLY DON'T KNOW. 803 00:30:22,996 --> 00:30:26,366 WE RELEASED OUR H5 N1 INFLUENZA 804 00:30:26,366 --> 00:30:27,767 AIENDA ON JUNE 5th AND I THINK 805 00:30:27,767 --> 00:30:28,601 EVERYBODY HAS PROBABLY SEEN THIS 806 00:30:28,601 --> 00:30:31,838 BUT I WILL SAY IT'S BEEN AN 807 00:30:31,838 --> 00:30:32,472 INCREDIBLE EFFORT COORDINATING 808 00:30:32,472 --> 00:30:34,941 ALL OF THOSE DIVISIONS OVER 809 00:30:34,941 --> 00:30:37,243 THERE, ALL OF THOSE CENTERS, 810 00:30:37,243 --> 00:30:40,613 BOTH INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL 811 00:30:40,613 --> 00:30:40,847 EFFORTS. 812 00:30:40,847 --> 00:30:42,749 AND JUST SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT 813 00:30:42,749 --> 00:30:44,484 OUR GROUPS HAVE PUBLISHED ARE 814 00:30:44,484 --> 00:30:46,719 SHOWN HERE, DON'T HAVE TIME TO 815 00:30:46,719 --> 00:30:52,058 GO INTO THEM, BUT REALLY A 816 00:30:52,058 --> 00:30:53,126 FANTASTIC ARRAY OF RESEARCH 817 00:30:53,126 --> 00:30:56,229 RESULTS THAT HAVE HELPED TO 818 00:30:56,229 --> 00:30:59,799 INFORM THE RESPONSE AND BEEN 819 00:30:59,799 --> 00:31:00,633 VERY, VERY CONTRIBUTORY. 820 00:31:00,633 --> 00:31:04,404 OF COURSE WE CAN'T REST WITH H5 821 00:31:04,404 --> 00:31:07,040 N1 BECAUSE MPOX HAS REALLY TAKEN 822 00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:09,008 OFF, I THINK THOSE OF YOU WHO 823 00:31:09,008 --> 00:31:11,077 HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS WILL 824 00:31:11,077 --> 00:31:12,011 KNOW, I WON'T REVIEW THE 825 00:31:12,011 --> 00:31:14,080 TIMELINE BUT THIS IS A NICE 826 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:15,381 REMIND THEY'RE THESE VIRUSES 827 00:31:15,381 --> 00:31:16,983 HAVE BEEN ENDEMIC IN ATRICKA FOR 828 00:31:16,983 --> 00:31:19,953 A VERY LONG TIME IT JUST SEEMS 829 00:31:19,953 --> 00:31:21,821 THAT BETWEEN MUTATION AND 830 00:31:21,821 --> 00:31:23,556 ESCALATING HUMAN TO HUMAN 831 00:31:23,556 --> 00:31:25,058 SPREAD, INCLUDING LIKELY SEXUAL 832 00:31:25,058 --> 00:31:26,593 TRANSMISSION, THERE HAS REALLY 833 00:31:26,593 --> 00:31:28,628 BEEN A DRAMATIC INCREASE 834 00:31:28,628 --> 00:31:31,064 PARTICULARLY IN CENTRAL AFRICA 835 00:31:31,064 --> 00:31:32,799 AND THE COUNTRIES THAT ARE 836 00:31:32,799 --> 00:31:35,068 REALLY BEING AFFECTED ARE SHOWN 837 00:31:35,068 --> 00:31:35,268 HERE. 838 00:31:35,268 --> 00:31:37,737 OF COURSE THE DRC SEEMS TO BE 839 00:31:37,737 --> 00:31:39,138 THE EPICENTER, SAYING THERE ARE 840 00:31:39,138 --> 00:31:41,741 THOUSANDS OF CASES, THIS IS 841 00:31:41,741 --> 00:31:43,009 PROBABLY AN UNDERESTIMATE BUT 842 00:31:43,009 --> 00:31:45,178 THERE HAS NOW BEEN SPREAD BEYOND 843 00:31:45,178 --> 00:31:47,580 THOSE BORDERS NOT SURPRISINGLY. 844 00:31:47,580 --> 00:31:49,182 WE ARE ABOUT TO ACTUALLY, I 845 00:31:49,182 --> 00:31:51,251 BELIEVE TODAY, IF I'M NOT 846 00:31:51,251 --> 00:31:52,452 MISTAKEN RELEASE OUR MPOX 847 00:31:52,452 --> 00:31:52,919 RESEARCH AGENDA. 848 00:31:52,919 --> 00:31:55,255 I JUST DID A VIDEO FOR THAT ON 849 00:31:55,255 --> 00:31:57,557 FRIDAY AND THAT'S A VERY, VERY 850 00:31:57,557 --> 00:31:59,192 ROBUST SET OFAC IV THERAPYS, I'M 851 00:31:59,192 --> 00:32:05,031 GOING TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 852 00:32:05,031 --> 00:32:07,133 THE PALM OO7 STUDY WHICH YOU MAY 853 00:32:07,133 --> 00:32:09,369 HAVE HEARD ABOUT. 854 00:32:09,369 --> 00:32:15,909 WE ARE LEADING THE TRIAL SPHDS 855 00:32:15,909 --> 00:32:17,377 FOR RIHAVE YOU SEENS THERE AND A 856 00:32:17,377 --> 00:32:19,145 NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES THERE AND 857 00:32:19,145 --> 00:32:20,880 DIAGNOSTICS AND LOOKING AT A NEW 858 00:32:20,880 --> 00:32:22,081 VACCINE CANDIDATE SO LOTS OF 859 00:32:22,081 --> 00:32:24,350 ACTIVITY GOING ON THERE. I WANT 860 00:32:24,350 --> 00:32:26,986 TO CALL OUT CLIFF WHO'S IN THE 861 00:32:26,986 --> 00:32:29,289 ROOM AND HAS BEEN REALLY THE 862 00:32:29,289 --> 00:32:34,661 ARCHITECT OF THIS RCT AND 863 00:32:34,661 --> 00:32:37,563 [INDISCERNIBLE] OF THE DRC, 864 00:32:37,563 --> 00:32:39,365 THESE RESULTS WERE RELEASED A 865 00:32:39,365 --> 00:32:44,103 COUPLE WEEKS AGO, THIS WAS A 866 00:32:44,103 --> 00:32:47,640 STUDY RANDOMIZING PEOPLE TO 867 00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:49,208 TECOVIRIMAT, AND YOU USE IN A 868 00:32:49,208 --> 00:32:50,710 MOMENT IT WAS HIGH LEVEL OF 869 00:32:50,710 --> 00:32:50,944 CARE. 870 00:32:50,944 --> 00:32:51,911 PEOPLE WERE ADMITTED TO THE 871 00:32:51,911 --> 00:32:53,880 HOSPITAL AND PROVIDED CARE, 872 00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:55,381 NUTRITION, ALL KINDS OF THINGS. 873 00:32:55,381 --> 00:32:57,383 SO THE IDEA HERE WAS REALLY TO 874 00:32:57,383 --> 00:33:02,956 SEE IF YOU COULD REDUCE THE TIME 875 00:33:02,956 --> 00:33:04,223 TO LESION RESOLUTION AND OF 876 00:33:04,223 --> 00:33:07,060 COURSE LOOK AT SECONDARY END 877 00:33:07,060 --> 00:33:07,894 POINTS LIKE MORTALITY. 878 00:33:07,894 --> 00:33:09,996 THESE WERE DONE IN 2 RURAL AREAS 879 00:33:09,996 --> 00:33:12,065 WITH A VERY HIGH INCIDENCE OF 880 00:33:12,065 --> 00:33:13,566 MPOX DISEASE, THESE ARE SOME OF 881 00:33:13,566 --> 00:33:16,169 THE SITES THANK YOU TO CLIFF AND 882 00:33:16,169 --> 00:33:17,904 HIS TEAM FOR PROVIDING THESE 883 00:33:17,904 --> 00:33:19,973 VISUALS AND THIS HAS BEEN A 884 00:33:19,973 --> 00:33:23,443 VERY, VERY LONG STANDING 885 00:33:23,443 --> 00:33:23,810 PROJECT. 886 00:33:23,810 --> 00:33:26,879 YOU MIGHT ALSO NOTE IT WAS 887 00:33:26,879 --> 00:33:28,514 ACTIVATED IN OCTOBER 7th, 888 00:33:28,514 --> 00:33:29,449 2022, SO PRETTY MUCH IN THE 889 00:33:29,449 --> 00:33:31,985 HEIGHT OF THE PANDEMIC, SO 890 00:33:31,985 --> 00:33:35,088 REALLY KUDOS TO THIS TEAM. 891 00:33:35,088 --> 00:33:36,222 THE DISAPPOINTING RESULTS BUT 892 00:33:36,222 --> 00:33:38,858 ALSO QUITE INTERESTING I THINK 893 00:33:38,858 --> 00:33:40,226 WERE REAL LEESED MIDMONTH LAST 894 00:33:40,226 --> 00:33:43,863 MONTH AND SHOWED THE THAT THE 895 00:33:43,863 --> 00:33:47,467 DRUG WAS SAFE BUT DID NOT 896 00:33:47,467 --> 00:33:48,634 IMPROVE MPOX RESOLUTION BUT WHAT 897 00:33:48,634 --> 00:33:50,503 I WILL NOTE THOUGH IS THAT THE 898 00:33:50,503 --> 00:33:53,373 STUDIES MORTALITY OVERALL WAS 899 00:33:53,373 --> 00:33:54,640 1.7% WHICH IS DRAMATICALLY LOWER 900 00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:57,076 THAN WHAT WE HAVE BEEN HEARING 901 00:33:57,076 --> 00:33:58,578 IN ACCORD WITH THIS PANDEMIC 902 00:33:58,578 --> 00:34:00,646 WHERE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN TALKING 903 00:34:00,646 --> 00:34:03,049 ABOUT AT LEAST 3.6% AND OFTEN 904 00:34:03,049 --> 00:34:03,983 HIGHER IN SOME SETTINGS, A LOT 905 00:34:03,983 --> 00:34:06,953 MORE WORK TO BE DONE HERE. 906 00:34:06,953 --> 00:34:08,388 CLIFF IS HERE, AND I'M SURE HE 907 00:34:08,388 --> 00:34:09,522 WOULD BE HAPPY TO ANSWER 908 00:34:09,522 --> 00:34:11,157 QUESTIONS BUT REALLY AN AMAZING 909 00:34:11,157 --> 00:34:13,126 STUDY THAT I THINK IS GOING TO 910 00:34:13,126 --> 00:34:14,660 BE VERY, VERY PIVOTAL. 911 00:34:14,660 --> 00:34:16,162 NOW, I WON'T SAY MUCH ABOUT 912 00:34:16,162 --> 00:34:17,897 COVID OTHER THAN, YOU KNOW YOU 913 00:34:17,897 --> 00:34:19,766 CAN'T ESCAPE IT, IT KEEPS COMING 914 00:34:19,766 --> 00:34:21,300 BACK, THERE'S NEW VARIANTS, YOU 915 00:34:21,300 --> 00:34:26,305 KNOW THERE IS A NEW SAC SEEN 916 00:34:26,305 --> 00:34:27,840 THERE'S STILL SEVERE MORBIDITY 917 00:34:27,840 --> 00:34:29,342 AND ALSO MORTALITY AND THE BIG 918 00:34:29,342 --> 00:34:32,278 CHALLENGE RIGHT NOW IS THE 919 00:34:32,278 --> 00:34:32,879 PERSISTENT PROBLEM WITH LONG 920 00:34:32,879 --> 00:34:34,180 COVID AND I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU 921 00:34:34,180 --> 00:34:35,915 TO TAKE A LACK AT THIS PAPER, IF 922 00:34:35,915 --> 00:34:37,850 YOU HAVEN'T. 923 00:34:37,850 --> 00:34:39,252 IT'S A GREAT REVIEW OF WHERE 924 00:34:39,252 --> 00:34:42,121 WE'RE AT WITH BOTH THE POLICY, 925 00:34:42,121 --> 00:34:47,760 THE MANAGEMENT AND ALSO THE 926 00:34:47,760 --> 00:34:48,561 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, IT'S REALLY 927 00:34:48,561 --> 00:34:49,362 COMPLEX THERE ARE 928 00:34:49,362 --> 00:34:49,996 MULTIPETRESSABLE THINGS THAT 929 00:34:49,996 --> 00:34:52,265 SEEM TO BE GOING ON HERE, THERE 930 00:34:52,265 --> 00:34:54,534 PROBABLY IS PERSISTENCE OF 931 00:34:54,534 --> 00:34:56,235 VIRUS, THERE DEFINITELY IS 932 00:34:56,235 --> 00:34:58,771 IMMUNE PERS CYST ENSEL 933 00:34:58,771 --> 00:35:01,607 DISRESUTION, THERE'S DEFINITELY 934 00:35:01,607 --> 00:35:03,009 T-CELL DISREGULATION, PRO 935 00:35:03,009 --> 00:35:04,811 THROMBOTIC INFLAMMATION AND 936 00:35:04,811 --> 00:35:07,447 MAYBE EVEN SOME DISBIOSEIS IN 937 00:35:07,447 --> 00:35:09,148 THE GUT MICROBIOME THAT MAY BE 938 00:35:09,148 --> 00:35:11,284 CONTRIBUTING TO BREAK DOWN OF 939 00:35:11,284 --> 00:35:13,386 THE GUT BARRIER AND THE 940 00:35:13,386 --> 00:35:15,221 TRANSLOCATION OF BACTERIA THAT 941 00:35:15,221 --> 00:35:16,222 THEN PROVOKES SYSTEMIC 942 00:35:16,222 --> 00:35:18,424 INFLAMMATION, SO IT'S A REALLY 943 00:35:18,424 --> 00:35:18,891 COMPLICATED ISSUE. 944 00:35:18,891 --> 00:35:21,594 WE HAVE HAD A NUMBER OF FUNDED 945 00:35:21,594 --> 00:35:23,229 STUDIES ON LONG COVID 946 00:35:23,229 --> 00:35:24,831 PATHOGENESIS WHICH HAVE HELPED 947 00:35:24,831 --> 00:35:25,998 ILLUMINATE SOME OF THOSE 948 00:35:25,998 --> 00:35:28,201 MECHANISMS THAT I JUST MENTIONED 949 00:35:28,201 --> 00:35:32,805 AND THOSE ARE SHOWN HERE AND I 950 00:35:32,805 --> 00:35:33,973 WILL JUST REMINDER THAT THERE 951 00:35:33,973 --> 00:35:37,543 WAS A PROJECT CALLED THE COVER 952 00:35:37,543 --> 00:35:39,779 THAT IS ONGOING BASED OUT OF 953 00:35:39,779 --> 00:35:42,715 NHLBI WITH SOME INVOLVEMENT FROM 954 00:35:42,715 --> 00:35:44,484 US, BUT WE ARE NOW ACTUALLY 955 00:35:44,484 --> 00:35:48,855 STARTING A NEW PROJECT ON LONG 956 00:35:48,855 --> 00:35:51,157 COVID AND NIAID CALLED RECOVER 957 00:35:51,157 --> 00:35:52,458 TLC OR TREAT LONG COVID THAT IS 958 00:35:52,458 --> 00:35:56,863 GOING TO BE DEDICATED TO RUNNING 959 00:35:56,863 --> 00:35:58,531 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR LONG COVID 960 00:35:58,531 --> 00:36:01,167 OR TO TEST AND INVESTIGATE MORE 961 00:36:01,167 --> 00:36:02,001 POTENTIAL TREATMENTS, WE'RE 962 00:36:02,001 --> 00:36:03,402 KICKING THIS OFF WITH A MEETING 963 00:36:03,402 --> 00:36:07,740 AT THE END OF THIS MONTH AND 964 00:36:07,740 --> 00:36:10,409 THIS WILL BE A VERY HIGH LEVEL 965 00:36:10,409 --> 00:36:12,145 OF CLINICAL MECHANISTIC DATA, 966 00:36:12,145 --> 00:36:13,980 LOTS OF COMMUNITY INPUT AS OF 967 00:36:13,980 --> 00:36:15,281 LAST COUNT, BOB CORRECT ME IF 968 00:36:15,281 --> 00:36:17,350 I'M WRONG, WE HAD OVER A 969 00:36:17,350 --> 00:36:18,317 THOUSAND PEOPLE REGISTERED 970 00:36:18,317 --> 00:36:20,720 VIRTUALLY AND WE COMPLETED THE 971 00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:22,121 MAXIMUM OF IN-PERSON REGISTRANTS 972 00:36:22,121 --> 00:36:25,124 OF 1 STIFF. 973 00:36:25,124 --> 00:36:26,893 I WOULD SAY, MANY OF THE 974 00:36:26,893 --> 00:36:28,828 LIEWMINARYS THAT YOU KNOW ABOUT 975 00:36:28,828 --> 00:36:30,763 WITH LONG COVID OR FROM THE LONG 976 00:36:30,763 --> 00:36:31,697 COVID FIELD ARE GOING TO BE 977 00:36:31,697 --> 00:36:32,965 ATTENDING AND I THINK IT WILL BE 978 00:36:32,965 --> 00:36:33,633 REALLY GOOD. 979 00:36:33,633 --> 00:36:36,002 THE IDEA HERE WILL BE LOOKING AT 980 00:36:36,002 --> 00:36:37,870 THE STATE OF CLINICAL TRIAL 981 00:36:37,870 --> 00:36:38,704 OPPORTUNITIES, WHAT ARE THE 982 00:36:38,704 --> 00:36:41,474 AGENTS WE HAVE, HOW ARE WE GOING 983 00:36:41,474 --> 00:36:42,175 TO DEFINE END POINTS. 984 00:36:42,175 --> 00:36:45,878 WHAT WILL WE DO TO LOOK AT 985 00:36:45,878 --> 00:36:49,348 BIOMARKERS OF INTERVENTIONS, SO 986 00:36:49,348 --> 00:36:53,953 IT'S A VERY, VERY GNARLY, THORNY 987 00:36:53,953 --> 00:36:54,687 CHALLENGING ISSUE AND WE'RE 988 00:36:54,687 --> 00:36:55,021 TAKING IT ON. 989 00:36:55,021 --> 00:36:57,924 I THINK THIS MAY BE MY LAST 990 00:36:57,924 --> 00:36:58,324 SCIENCE SLIDE. 991 00:36:58,324 --> 00:36:59,392 I JUST CANNOT POINT OUT THIS 992 00:36:59,392 --> 00:36:59,592 STUDY. 993 00:36:59,592 --> 00:37:04,363 I LOVE THIS STUDY FOR A COUPLE 994 00:37:04,363 --> 00:37:04,864 OF REASONS. 995 00:37:04,864 --> 00:37:08,100 ONE BECAUSE IT IS JUST PUBLISHED 996 00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:14,373 IN LANCET ID AND LOOKS AT THE 997 00:37:14,373 --> 00:37:15,841 EFFICACY OF SPZ VACCINE WHICH 998 00:37:15,841 --> 00:37:18,244 YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH AND 999 00:37:18,244 --> 00:37:24,083 THIS NOT ONLY SHOWED EMPRESSIVE 1000 00:37:24,083 --> 00:37:25,117 EFFICACY, AGAINST MALARIA, BUT 1001 00:37:25,117 --> 00:37:28,621 IT WAS DONE IN WOMEN WHO WERE 1002 00:37:28,621 --> 00:37:29,889 INTENDING TO GET PREGNANT IN THE 1003 00:37:29,889 --> 00:37:31,090 NEXT YEAR AND AGAIN GETTING TO 1004 00:37:31,090 --> 00:37:34,360 ALL THOSE STUDIES THAT WE KNOW 1005 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:35,728 ABOUT THAT HAVE EXCLUDED WOMEN, 1006 00:37:35,728 --> 00:37:37,964 NOT ONLY IF THEY WERE PREGNANT 1007 00:37:37,964 --> 00:37:40,733 BUT IF THEY WEREN'T WILLING TO 1008 00:37:40,733 --> 00:37:43,703 TAKE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE HORMONAL 1009 00:37:43,703 --> 00:37:44,737 CONTRACEPTION, THIS PARADIGM 1010 00:37:44,737 --> 00:37:47,673 SHIFT OF ENROLLING WOMEN WHO 1011 00:37:47,673 --> 00:37:48,874 MIGHT GET PREGNANT AND FOLLOWING 1012 00:37:48,874 --> 00:37:50,610 THEM FOR WHAT HAPPENS, WILL 1013 00:37:50,610 --> 00:37:52,445 REALLY CHANGE THINGS FOR 1014 00:37:52,445 --> 00:37:54,780 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND PREGNANT 1015 00:37:54,780 --> 00:37:56,315 CONTROL POPULATIONS IN A VERY 1016 00:37:56,315 --> 00:37:57,817 VULNERABLE POPULATION AND THIS 1017 00:37:57,817 --> 00:37:59,285 WORKED BEAUTIFULLY IN WOMEN WHO 1018 00:37:59,285 --> 00:38:00,486 WERE PREGNANT AND BECAME 1019 00:38:00,486 --> 00:38:01,988 PREGNANT DURING THE STUDY SO A 1020 00:38:01,988 --> 00:38:03,990 BIG KUDOS TO THE TEAM AND THEN 1021 00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:09,462 LAST, NOT TO LEAVE OUT THE 1022 00:38:09,462 --> 00:38:10,062 CRITICAL IMMUNOLOGY FINDINGS. 1023 00:38:10,062 --> 00:38:11,764 THIS IS ACTUALLY A VERY, VERY 1024 00:38:11,764 --> 00:38:14,267 IMPORTANT PAPER FROM OUR 1025 00:38:14,267 --> 00:38:14,934 COLLEAGUES IN DATE. 1026 00:38:14,934 --> 00:38:18,037 YOU MAY KNOW THAT 1 OF THE 1027 00:38:18,037 --> 00:38:20,206 HALLMARK OF CLINICAL SYNDROMES 1028 00:38:20,206 --> 00:38:24,143 OF LUPUS IS NEUROCOGNITIVE, 1029 00:38:24,143 --> 00:38:24,577 NEURAL INFLAMMATION 1030 00:38:24,577 --> 00:38:25,144 MANIFESTATIONS. 1031 00:38:25,144 --> 00:38:26,579 THIS IS THE FIRST IDENTIFICATION 1032 00:38:26,579 --> 00:38:29,448 OF A MOLECULAR BASIS FOR 1033 00:38:29,448 --> 00:38:32,451 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, THAT IS 1034 00:38:32,451 --> 00:38:35,288 ACTUALLY POTENTIALLY MODIFIABLE, 1035 00:38:35,288 --> 00:38:36,122 THIS INVOLVES AN INTERACTION 1036 00:38:36,122 --> 00:38:39,225 THAT MAY BE TREATABLE WITH ACE 1037 00:38:39,225 --> 00:38:41,193 INHIBITORS, THAT IF YOU CAN GET 1038 00:38:41,193 --> 00:38:44,230 ACE INHIBITORS AND ANG CROW 1039 00:38:44,230 --> 00:38:45,131 TENSEIN CONVERTING INHIBITORS 1040 00:38:45,131 --> 00:38:46,966 ACROSS THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER 1041 00:38:46,966 --> 00:38:49,168 YOU MAY BE ABLE TO REDUCE THE 1042 00:38:49,168 --> 00:38:52,438 CASCADE OF INFLAMMATION THAT IS 1043 00:38:52,438 --> 00:38:53,372 [INDISCERNIBLE] BY THIS 1044 00:38:53,372 --> 00:38:54,640 INTERACTION THAT'S OF COURSE 1045 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:56,275 PROMOTE BIDE DOUBLE STRAND DNA 1046 00:38:56,275 --> 00:38:57,076 ANTIBODIES THAT MANAGE TO GET 1047 00:38:57,076 --> 00:38:58,878 INTO THE BRAIN WHICH IS REALLY, 1048 00:38:58,878 --> 00:39:00,379 REALLY VERY, VERY INTERESTING. 1049 00:39:00,379 --> 00:39:01,580 SO SORRY I PROBABLY TOOK LONGER 1050 00:39:01,580 --> 00:39:04,650 THAN I SHOULD HAVE BUT THERE'S A 1051 00:39:04,650 --> 00:39:06,552 LOT GOING ON, A LOT OF REALLY 1052 00:39:06,552 --> 00:39:08,487 EXCITING STUFF AND WITH THAT 1053 00:39:08,487 --> 00:39:18,831 WOULD BE DELIGHTED TO TAKE YOUR 1054 00:39:18,831 --> 00:39:19,098 QUESTIONS. 1055 00:39:19,098 --> 00:39:21,067 I JUST WANT TO--TED, WHAT TIME 1056 00:39:21,067 --> 00:39:22,368 ARE YOU SUPPOSED TO COME ON, HOW 1057 00:39:22,368 --> 00:39:23,836 MUCH TIME DO I HAVE FOR 1058 00:39:23,836 --> 00:39:25,738 QUESTIONS IN 5 MINUTES IN I 1059 00:39:25,738 --> 00:39:27,273 DON'T HAVE THE SCHEDULE IN FRONT 1060 00:39:27,273 --> 00:39:27,740 OF ME. 1061 00:39:27,740 --> 00:39:29,408 I CAN GO ON AS LONG AS I WANT 1062 00:39:29,408 --> 00:39:31,877 TO, IS THAT WHAT YOU'RE TELLING 1063 00:39:31,877 --> 00:39:32,044 ME? 1064 00:39:32,044 --> 00:39:33,913 GO AHEAD. 1065 00:39:33,913 --> 00:39:39,585 >> YEAH, I AGREE THAT THE 1066 00:39:39,585 --> 00:39:40,853 LYTACAPPA VIRIS EXCITING CAN YOU 1067 00:39:40,853 --> 00:39:44,323 GIVE US ANY MORE DETAILS ON THE 1068 00:39:44,323 --> 00:39:45,291 REGULATORY PREP INJECTABLES AND 1069 00:39:45,291 --> 00:39:47,259 IF THERE'S ANY ROLE FOR NIAID OR 1070 00:39:47,259 --> 00:39:49,328 IS THIS SORT OF OUR WORK HERE 1071 00:39:49,328 --> 00:39:52,064 DONE SITUATION >> YEAH, SO THE 1072 00:39:52,064 --> 00:39:52,665 REGULATORY TIMELINE, KARL MAY 1073 00:39:52,665 --> 00:39:54,100 HAVE MORE INFORMATION ON THIS, 1074 00:39:54,100 --> 00:39:55,935 MY SENSZ SENSE IS THAT OF 1075 00:39:55,935 --> 00:39:57,136 COURSE, THAT WAS THEIR FIRST 1076 00:39:57,136 --> 00:39:58,804 PHASE 1 TRIAL SO THEY NEED TO DO 1077 00:39:58,804 --> 00:40:02,241 AT LEAST 2, MY SUSPICION IS THAT 1078 00:40:02,241 --> 00:40:03,876 AS SOON AS THAT SECOND RESULT 1079 00:40:03,876 --> 00:40:05,711 COMES IN, THEY WILL GO GREAT 1080 00:40:05,711 --> 00:40:08,581 GUNS PROBABLY ALL OVER THE 1081 00:40:08,581 --> 00:40:09,582 PLACE. 1082 00:40:09,582 --> 00:40:10,850 THE SOUTHA AFRICAN, I THINK THE 1083 00:40:10,850 --> 00:40:13,953 MAIN ISSUE WILL BE PRICE AND 1084 00:40:13,953 --> 00:40:17,223 NOW, AT THE MEETING GILLIAD WAS 1085 00:40:17,223 --> 00:40:19,392 VERY, I WOULD SAY PURPOSEFUL 1086 00:40:19,392 --> 00:40:22,361 ABOUT TALKING ABOUT SCALE UP IN 1087 00:40:22,361 --> 00:40:24,730 SOUTH AFRICA BEING PARTICULARLY 1088 00:40:24,730 --> 00:40:26,899 SOUTH AFRICA BUT SUB-SAHARAN 1089 00:40:26,899 --> 00:40:27,800 AFRICA, RECOGNIZING WHAT 1090 00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:28,401 HAPPENED WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] 1091 00:40:28,401 --> 00:40:29,702 WHICH IS YOU HAD A PRODUCT THAT 1092 00:40:29,702 --> 00:40:34,173 WAS GOOD BUT NOT AT ALL 1093 00:40:34,173 --> 00:40:35,741 AVAILABLE LOCALLY FOR LOTS OF 1094 00:40:35,741 --> 00:40:35,975 REASONS. 1095 00:40:35,975 --> 00:40:37,977 SO I THINK THEY HAVE BEEN VERY 1096 00:40:37,977 --> 00:40:39,278 PROACTIVE SO HOPEFULLY THAT WILL 1097 00:40:39,278 --> 00:40:39,745 HAPPEN PRETTY SOON. 1098 00:40:39,745 --> 00:40:42,848 KARL DID YOU WANT TO ADD 1099 00:40:42,848 --> 00:40:43,749 ANYTHING TO THAT? 1100 00:40:43,749 --> 00:40:45,618 OKAY, YOUR OTHER QUESTION 1101 00:40:45,618 --> 00:40:47,486 WAS--NO, REAL REALLY INVESTED 1102 00:40:47,486 --> 00:40:48,454 BECAUSE WE'RE ACTUALLY RUNNING 1103 00:40:48,454 --> 00:40:49,355 THOSE 2 TRIALS THROUGH THE 1104 00:40:49,355 --> 00:40:51,190 UNITED STATES, THROUGH THE HIV 1105 00:40:51,190 --> 00:40:52,358 PREVENTION TRIALS NETWORK SO 1106 00:40:52,358 --> 00:40:54,360 THEY'RE PROVIDING THE DRUG BUT 1107 00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:55,027 WE'RE PROVIDING THE 1108 00:40:55,027 --> 00:40:57,029 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE STUDIES, 1109 00:40:57,029 --> 00:40:59,365 SO I FEEL--WE FEEL PRETTY GOOD 1110 00:40:59,365 --> 00:41:00,466 ABOUT THAT. 1111 00:41:00,466 --> 00:41:02,368 VERY, VERY INVESTED. 1112 00:41:02,368 --> 00:41:05,104 LET'S GO TO IS THAT JAMES? 1113 00:41:05,104 --> 00:41:09,642 >> JIM FROM UNIVERSITY OF 1114 00:41:09,642 --> 00:41:09,975 WISCONSIN. 1115 00:41:09,975 --> 00:41:11,944 LOTS OF REALLY TERRIFIC PROGRESS 1116 00:41:11,944 --> 00:41:12,912 ON ANTIVIRALS AND RESEARCH IN 1117 00:41:12,912 --> 00:41:14,213 THAT AREA AND YOU MENTIONED THAT 1118 00:41:14,213 --> 00:41:18,851 BOTH THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE 1119 00:41:18,851 --> 00:41:19,852 HAD INCLUDED AN 1120 00:41:19,852 --> 00:41:21,153 80 MILLION-DOLLAR SET ASIDE, I 1121 00:41:21,153 --> 00:41:22,254 THINK FOR THE ANTIVIRAL 1122 00:41:22,254 --> 00:41:24,290 RESEARCH, SO HOW DO YOU ENVISION 1123 00:41:24,290 --> 00:41:26,725 THAT MOVING FORWARD WITH ALL OF 1124 00:41:26,725 --> 00:41:27,293 THE ONGOING ACTIVITIES? 1125 00:41:27,293 --> 00:41:29,462 WHAT WILL BE THE CHARGE FOR 1126 00:41:29,462 --> 00:41:30,796 THOSE CENTERS AND WHAT RANGE OF 1127 00:41:30,796 --> 00:41:32,398 ACTIVITIES WILL THEY HAVE? 1128 00:41:32,398 --> 00:41:34,266 >> I WILL ASK EMILY TO COMMENT 1129 00:41:34,266 --> 00:41:35,201 ON THAT. 1130 00:41:35,201 --> 00:41:37,603 I WILL SAY WE ARE AS THEY SAY 1131 00:41:37,603 --> 00:41:38,904 SHOVEL READY BECAUSE WE ALREADY 1132 00:41:38,904 --> 00:41:42,208 HAVE THE AVIDS, AND WHAT WE HAVE 1133 00:41:42,208 --> 00:41:44,243 TO DO WAS TRUNCATE THEIR FUNDING 1134 00:41:44,243 --> 00:41:46,245 DUE TO THE FUNDING CUT SO THIS 1135 00:41:46,245 --> 00:41:48,113 WILL SIMPLY ALLOW THEM TO 1136 00:41:48,113 --> 00:41:49,882 CONTINUE TO DO THE WORK THEY'RE 1137 00:41:49,882 --> 00:41:51,951 DOING, EMILY DO YOU WANT TO SAY 1138 00:41:51,951 --> 00:41:53,552 SOMETHING ABOUT WHERE THEY'RE 1139 00:41:53,552 --> 00:41:53,919 GOING. 1140 00:41:53,919 --> 00:41:56,055 >> YEAH IT WAS JUST THE SENATOR 1141 00:41:56,055 --> 00:41:57,223 THAT HAD THE EAR MARK, NOT THE 1142 00:41:57,223 --> 00:41:58,424 HOUSE EMPLOY WE DON'T KNOW WHAT 1143 00:41:58,424 --> 00:41:59,258 WILL HAPPEN THERE. 1144 00:41:59,258 --> 00:42:01,994 WE HAVE 9 FUNDED CENTERS CALLED 1145 00:42:01,994 --> 00:42:03,162 THE ANTIVIRAL DISCOVERY CENTERS 1146 00:42:03,162 --> 00:42:06,165 ALREADY AND THEY WERE FUNDED 1147 00:42:06,165 --> 00:42:08,300 ORIGINALLY FUNDED BY COVID, 1148 00:42:08,300 --> 00:42:10,436 SUMMIT LEMMAL APPROPRIATIONS 1149 00:42:10,436 --> 00:42:11,904 THAT CONGRESS RESCINDED SO YEAR 1150 00:42:11,904 --> 00:42:13,572 4 AND 5 OF THOSE WE'RE LOOKING 1151 00:42:13,572 --> 00:42:17,309 FOR WAYS TO CONTINUE THE MOST 1152 00:42:17,309 --> 00:42:19,111 PROMISING WORK WHICH IS PROBABLY 1153 00:42:19,111 --> 00:42:23,682 WHAT CONGRESS HAD IN MIND WHEN 1154 00:42:23,682 --> 00:42:25,551 THEY WROTE THAT PLAN, SO THEY'RE 1155 00:42:25,551 --> 00:42:29,321 ALL FOCUSED ON RNA VIRUSES, 1156 00:42:29,321 --> 00:42:31,824 DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS 1157 00:42:31,824 --> 00:42:33,459 TARGETING CORONA VIRUSES AND AT 1158 00:42:33,459 --> 00:42:36,362 LEAST 1 OTHER RNA GROUP. 1159 00:42:36,362 --> 00:42:37,429 NTHANKS EMILY. 1160 00:42:37,429 --> 00:42:37,963 >> [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM 1161 00:42:37,963 --> 00:42:38,264 VANDERBILT. 1162 00:42:38,264 --> 00:42:39,798 SO I DON'T FOLLOW THE ACTIVITIES 1163 00:42:39,798 --> 00:42:41,600 TO THE U.S. HOUSE OF 1164 00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:42,668 REPRESENTATIVES AS CLOSELY AS I 1165 00:42:42,668 --> 00:42:44,937 SHOULD, BUT THE QUESTION I HAVE 1166 00:42:44,937 --> 00:42:47,907 IS WHAT WAS THE STATED RATIONAL 1167 00:42:47,907 --> 00:42:50,442 FOR DIVIDING THE NIAID BUDGET 1168 00:42:50,442 --> 00:42:54,813 INTO INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND 1169 00:42:54,813 --> 00:42:55,147 RHEUMATOLOGY? 1170 00:42:55,147 --> 00:43:00,185 >> IT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 1171 00:43:00,185 --> 00:43:02,054 I'M NOT SURE THE STATED 1172 00:43:02,054 --> 00:43:07,760 RATIONAL, WELL, THE STATED 1173 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:08,928 RATIONAL IN MY UNDERSTANDING AND 1174 00:43:08,928 --> 00:43:12,131 I WOULD WELCOME OTHERS FROM THE 1175 00:43:12,131 --> 00:43:14,500 LEADERSHIP TEAM'S COMMENT IS 1176 00:43:14,500 --> 00:43:16,468 THAT IT'S SORT OF CHALLENGING 1177 00:43:16,468 --> 00:43:18,337 AND PERHAPS NOT THE BEST TO HAVE 1178 00:43:18,337 --> 00:43:25,544 SO MUCH MONEY IN 1 PLACE UNDER 1 1179 00:43:25,544 --> 00:43:26,712 PERSON'S CONTROL, I THINK. 1180 00:43:26,712 --> 00:43:28,647 IS THAT FAIR TO SAY? 1181 00:43:28,647 --> 00:43:30,482 CAN I SAY THAT? 1182 00:43:30,482 --> 00:43:30,950 JILL? 1183 00:43:30,950 --> 00:43:31,784 >> YEAH, I WOULD POINT OUT THAT 1184 00:43:31,784 --> 00:43:34,253 WAS NOT THE ONLY REORGANIZATION 1185 00:43:34,253 --> 00:43:36,288 OF NIH THAT WAS IN THAT REPORT 1186 00:43:36,288 --> 00:43:38,891 LANGUAGE AND IT IS BASED ON 1187 00:43:38,891 --> 00:43:41,560 HOUSE ENERGY AND COMMERCE WHITE 1188 00:43:41,560 --> 00:43:42,528 PAPER ABOUT RESTRUCTURING ALL OF 1189 00:43:42,528 --> 00:43:44,630 NETWORK IH SO THAT'S JUST 1 PART 1190 00:43:44,630 --> 00:43:45,931 OF A BIGGER IDEA THAT THEY HAVE, 1191 00:43:45,931 --> 00:43:47,766 BUT I DON'T KNOW THAT THAT 1192 00:43:47,766 --> 00:43:51,236 REPORT HAS MORE OF THE RATIONAL 1193 00:43:51,236 --> 00:43:53,105 I WOULD SAY FOR WHY THERE ARE 1194 00:43:53,105 --> 00:43:53,439 THOSE THINGS. 1195 00:43:53,439 --> 00:43:54,440 >> AND YOU KNOW THERE IS AN 1196 00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:57,376 OPENNESS ON THE PART OF OUR 1197 00:43:57,376 --> 00:43:59,345 LEADERSHIP TO TAKE THIS 1198 00:43:59,345 --> 00:44:00,179 SERIOUSLY, NOT NECESSARILY TO 1199 00:44:00,179 --> 00:44:05,584 SPLIT THINGS BUT TO REALLY LOOK 1200 00:44:05,584 --> 00:44:07,052 AT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION I 1201 00:44:07,052 --> 00:44:10,689 MEAN, I THINK DR. BERTAGNOLLI 1202 00:44:10,689 --> 00:44:11,824 HAS BEEN PRETTY ENGAGED WITH 1203 00:44:11,824 --> 00:44:13,092 PEOPLE ON THE HILL FROM BOTH 1204 00:44:13,092 --> 00:44:18,497 SIDES SO I THINK THAT WILL 1205 00:44:18,497 --> 00:44:20,432 PROBABLY PROCEED. 1206 00:44:20,432 --> 00:44:23,335 THEY HAVE REINSTITUTED THE 1207 00:44:23,335 --> 00:44:24,303 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BRANCH THAT, 1208 00:44:24,303 --> 00:44:27,239 THE GROUP I SHOULD KNOW THE NAME 1209 00:44:27,239 --> 00:44:29,341 OF, JILL PLEASE HELP ME. 1210 00:44:29,341 --> 00:44:30,876 >> SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD. 1211 00:44:30,876 --> 00:44:32,044 >> SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW 1212 00:44:32,044 --> 00:44:33,779 BOARD WHICH IS A GROUP OF PEOPLE 1213 00:44:33,779 --> 00:44:36,515 TO SORT OF MEET PERIODICALLY TO 1214 00:44:36,515 --> 00:44:38,817 PROVIDE MORE INPUT ABOUT OVERALL 1215 00:44:38,817 --> 00:44:40,552 STRUCTURE OF NIH, AND THAT HAS 1216 00:44:40,552 --> 00:44:43,088 NOT MET SINCE I WOULD SAY, WELL 1217 00:44:43,088 --> 00:44:45,491 BEFORE THE PANDEMIC, AND THAT IS 1218 00:44:45,491 --> 00:44:47,326 A CONGRESSALLY MANDATED GROUP, I 1219 00:44:47,326 --> 00:44:49,061 BELIEVE SO I THINK THERE IS AN 1220 00:44:49,061 --> 00:44:51,530 ATTEMPT TO BE RESPONSIVE, AGAIN, 1221 00:44:51,530 --> 00:44:52,464 TRANSXAIRNT TO INCREASE THE 1222 00:44:52,464 --> 00:44:56,869 LEVEL OF DIALOGUE ABOUT THESE 1223 00:44:56,869 --> 00:44:57,903 THINGS. 1224 00:44:57,903 --> 00:44:59,371 SOMEONE ELSE HAD--YES, PLEASE. 1225 00:44:59,371 --> 00:45:00,906 >> SO KUDOS TO YOUR TEAM FOR 1226 00:45:00,906 --> 00:45:02,074 PULLING TOGETHER SUCH A WIDE 1227 00:45:02,074 --> 00:45:03,108 RAINCHLING UP TO DATE 1228 00:45:03,108 --> 00:45:05,644 PRESENTATION EMPLOY I WANTED TO 1229 00:45:05,644 --> 00:45:07,379 ASK 2 QUICK QUESTIONS, SO THE 1230 00:45:07,379 --> 00:45:09,081 FIRST 1 I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN 1231 00:45:09,081 --> 00:45:11,183 COMMENT ON IT BUT FOR THE PERSON 1232 00:45:11,183 --> 00:45:13,152 WHO HAS H5 N1 IN MISSOURI, IS 1233 00:45:13,152 --> 00:45:16,822 THERE THINKING THIS IS A CASE OF 1234 00:45:16,822 --> 00:45:18,657 HUMAN-HUMAN TRANSMISSION THAT 1235 00:45:18,657 --> 00:45:19,992 WOULD POTENTIALLY TRIGGER ARE 1236 00:45:19,992 --> 00:45:21,293 OTHER ACTION? 1237 00:45:21,293 --> 00:45:24,563 AND THEN THE SECOND QUESTION WAS 1238 00:45:24,563 --> 00:45:26,532 ABOUT THE MPOX TRIAL, EXCUSE ME, 1239 00:45:26,532 --> 00:45:30,736 I WAS CURIOUS ABOUT THE 1240 00:45:30,736 --> 00:45:34,807 MORTALITY AMONG FINDINGS AND 1241 00:45:34,807 --> 00:45:35,941 WHETHER THAT'S A CLINICAL TRIAL 1242 00:45:35,941 --> 00:45:36,175 EFFECT? 1243 00:45:36,175 --> 00:45:38,043 OR IT'S JUST AN ISSUE OF GETTING 1244 00:45:38,043 --> 00:45:40,612 BETTER DATA ON MORTALITY? 1245 00:45:40,612 --> 00:45:42,114 >> FANTASTIC QUESTIONS, I CAN'T 1246 00:45:42,114 --> 00:45:44,249 TELL YOU THE H5 N1, I DO HAVE 1247 00:45:44,249 --> 00:45:45,317 MORE DETAILS I SOME I CAN'T 1248 00:45:45,317 --> 00:45:47,386 SHARE BUT I WILL SAY IF THERE 1249 00:45:47,386 --> 00:45:49,588 WAS SUSPICION OF HUMAN TO HUMAN 1250 00:45:49,588 --> 00:45:50,856 TRANSMISSION, THE THREAT LEVEL 1251 00:45:50,856 --> 00:45:51,824 WOULD BE ELEVATED CONSIDERABLY 1252 00:45:51,824 --> 00:45:59,798 SO THERE IS AT THIS TIME NO 1253 00:45:59,798 --> 00:46:01,767 EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST HUMAN TO 1254 00:46:01,767 --> 00:46:03,001 HUMAN TRANSMISSION BUT THAT IS 1255 00:46:03,001 --> 00:46:04,069 OF COURSE OUR WORST FEAR BECAUSE 1256 00:46:04,069 --> 00:46:06,305 ONCE YOU GO THERE, ALL BETS ARE 1257 00:46:06,305 --> 00:46:09,441 OFF SO SO FAR, NO, I CAN'T SAY 1258 00:46:09,441 --> 00:46:10,509 THAT, CLIFF I'M GOING TO ASK TO 1259 00:46:10,509 --> 00:46:14,146 YOU COMMENT ON THE TRIAL IF YOU 1260 00:46:14,146 --> 00:46:18,050 DON'T MIND, PLEASE? 1261 00:46:18,050 --> 00:46:19,785 >> OH, YEAH, I THINK IT'S LITTLE 1262 00:46:19,785 --> 00:46:21,754 BIT OF BOTH, WE TRIED VERY HARD 1263 00:46:21,754 --> 00:46:23,388 TO PUT IN STANDARDIZED 1264 00:46:23,388 --> 00:46:26,592 SUPPORTIVE CARE SO THE PATIENTS 1265 00:46:26,592 --> 00:46:27,993 HAD NUTRITION, FLUIDS, 1266 00:46:27,993 --> 00:46:29,027 ELECTROLYTES, A WHOLE VARIETY OF 1267 00:46:29,027 --> 00:46:30,095 THINGS THAT MIGHT NOT BE 1268 00:46:30,095 --> 00:46:31,697 AVAILABLE, I THINK THERE'S 1269 00:46:31,697 --> 00:46:33,198 PROBABLY A REPORTING ISSUE AS 1270 00:46:33,198 --> 00:46:36,268 WELL AS YOU WERE SUGGESTING THAT 1271 00:46:36,268 --> 00:46:37,402 WITH TIME, THOSE 2 CENTERS 1272 00:46:37,402 --> 00:46:40,038 BECAME KNOWN AS A PLACE TO GO IF 1273 00:46:40,038 --> 00:46:43,242 YOU HAD MPOX LESIONS SO WE ENDED 1274 00:46:43,242 --> 00:46:44,409 UP ACTUALLY HAVING FAIRLY BRISK 1275 00:46:44,409 --> 00:46:45,177 RECRUITMENT THROUGHOUT THE TIME 1276 00:46:45,177 --> 00:46:46,678 OF THE STUDY SO I THINK WE MAYBE 1277 00:46:46,678 --> 00:46:49,181 HAD A LARGER POPULATION THAT 1278 00:46:49,181 --> 00:46:52,618 MIGHT BE RECORDED IN SOME OF THE 1279 00:46:52,618 --> 00:46:54,853 PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES THAT ARE 1280 00:46:54,853 --> 00:46:55,120 REPORTED. 1281 00:46:55,120 --> 00:46:55,621 >> GREAT QUESTIONS. 1282 00:46:55,621 --> 00:46:57,289 WE HAVE TYPE TIME FOR A COUPLE 1283 00:46:57,289 --> 00:47:01,360 MORE QUESTIONS, I REALIZED I 1284 00:47:01,360 --> 00:47:03,529 HAVE UNTIL 11:15, I'M ONLY A 1285 00:47:03,529 --> 00:47:04,730 MINUTE OVER AND I'M SO EXCITED 1286 00:47:04,730 --> 00:47:06,231 PEOPLE ARE ASKING QUESTIONS SO 1287 00:47:06,231 --> 00:47:07,966 PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK OR 1288 00:47:07,966 --> 00:47:15,774 COMMENT ANY FEEDBACK, ANY 1289 00:47:15,774 --> 00:47:16,041 THOUGHTS. 1290 00:47:16,041 --> 00:47:22,414 OKAY WELL IF NOT I WILL INVITE 1291 00:47:22,414 --> 00:47:23,515 TED PIERSON, WHO IS THE DIRECTOR 1292 00:47:23,515 --> 00:47:26,018 AND HEAD OF OUR VACCINE RESEARCH 1293 00:47:26,018 --> 00:47:26,552 CENTER. 1294 00:47:26,552 --> 00:47:34,059 TED, THANK YOU. 1295 00:47:34,059 --> 00:47:34,960 >> GOOD AFTERNOON. 1296 00:47:34,960 --> 00:47:36,261 IT'S A TREMENDOUS PLEASURE TO BE 1297 00:47:36,261 --> 00:47:37,629 HERE AND ADDRESS THE COUNCIL AND 1298 00:47:37,629 --> 00:47:39,431 MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY THAT 1299 00:47:39,431 --> 00:47:39,898 ARE TUNING IN. 1300 00:47:39,898 --> 00:47:41,066 MY CHARGE HERE TODAY IS TO TELL 1301 00:47:41,066 --> 00:47:42,701 YOU A BIT ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES 1302 00:47:42,701 --> 00:47:44,236 OF THE VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER, 1303 00:47:44,236 --> 00:47:46,538 ROUGHLY IN THE PAST YEAR. 1304 00:47:46,538 --> 00:47:48,273 I'VE STRUCTURED MY TALK INTO 3 1305 00:47:48,273 --> 00:47:49,408 PARTS, SORT OF HIGH LEVEL 1306 00:47:49,408 --> 00:47:51,276 OVERVIEW ABOUT WHAT THE VRC DOES 1307 00:47:51,276 --> 00:47:55,013 AND SORT OF HOW WE WORK AND 1308 00:47:55,013 --> 00:47:57,182 WHERE WE INVEST OUR EFFORTS, TO 1309 00:47:57,182 --> 00:47:59,618 GIVE YOU A SENSE OF SOME RECENT 1310 00:47:59,618 --> 00:48:00,986 RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES WE WILL 1311 00:48:00,986 --> 00:48:02,254 SHARE A BIT ABOUT WHERE WE'RE 1312 00:48:02,254 --> 00:48:05,557 HEADED AND I WILL CLOSE WITH 1313 00:48:05,557 --> 00:48:07,326 VIGNETTES OF A FEW--MORE 1314 00:48:07,326 --> 00:48:08,360 DETAILED LOOK INTO THE SCIENCE 1315 00:48:08,360 --> 00:48:09,828 WE'VE BEEN DOING THAT'S 1316 00:48:09,828 --> 00:48:11,029 PARTICULARLY EXCITING. 1317 00:48:11,029 --> 00:48:13,765 SO THE MISSION OF THE ACSEEN 1318 00:48:13,765 --> 00:48:15,601 RESEARCH CENTER IS TO PERFORM 1319 00:48:15,601 --> 00:48:17,202 THE BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH THAT 1320 00:48:17,202 --> 00:48:18,871 ENABLING THE DEVELOPMENT OF 1321 00:48:18,871 --> 00:48:21,406 NOVEL VACCINES AND BIOLOGICS 1322 00:48:21,406 --> 00:48:23,775 THAT TARGET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1323 00:48:23,775 --> 00:48:28,747 OF GLOBAL HEALTH IMPORTANCE. 1324 00:48:28,747 --> 00:48:30,349 AND AS JEANNE MENTIONED WE HAVE 1325 00:48:30,349 --> 00:48:31,750 A UNIQUE STRUCTURE WITHIN THE 1326 00:48:31,750 --> 00:48:32,251 INTRAMURAL PROGRAM. 1327 00:48:32,251 --> 00:48:35,721 WE HAVE A VERY MULTIDISCIPLINARY 1328 00:48:35,721 --> 00:48:37,122 TEAM AND I EXPRESSED THIS IN A 1329 00:48:37,122 --> 00:48:38,423 LINEAR WAY, IT DOESN'T REALLY 1330 00:48:38,423 --> 00:48:41,727 WORK THIS WAY, BUT FOR 1331 00:48:41,727 --> 00:48:44,363 SIMPLICITY, WHAT THE PROCESS 1332 00:48:44,363 --> 00:48:46,999 START AT BUILDING 40 IN THE 1333 00:48:46,999 --> 00:48:49,468 BETHESDA CAMPUS WHERE WE HAVE 1334 00:48:49,468 --> 00:48:50,068 INVESTIGATOR LED RESEARCH 1335 00:48:50,068 --> 00:48:52,571 PROGRAMS THAT WORK ON 1336 00:48:52,571 --> 00:48:54,306 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS TO ADVANCE 1337 00:48:54,306 --> 00:48:56,742 THE FIELD OF IMMUNOLOGY OF 1338 00:48:56,742 --> 00:48:58,243 IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY, SOME OF 1339 00:48:58,243 --> 00:48:59,645 THOSE DISCOVERIES HAVE 1340 00:48:59,645 --> 00:49:00,679 TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL AND THE 1341 00:49:00,679 --> 00:49:02,547 BEST OF THOSE IDEAS ARE THEN 1342 00:49:02,547 --> 00:49:06,051 TRANSFERRED TO THE VACCINE 1343 00:49:06,051 --> 00:49:08,220 PRODUCTION PROGRAM LABRATORY AND 1344 00:49:08,220 --> 00:49:13,992 I WOULD ABBREVIATE AS VPPSPAY 1345 00:49:13,992 --> 00:49:15,160 THROUGHOUT MY TALK AND THE 1346 00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:15,994 SCIENTISTS TAKE THOSE AND SOLVE 1347 00:49:15,994 --> 00:49:17,963 THE PROBLEMS THAT ARE UNIQUE TO 1348 00:49:17,963 --> 00:49:18,830 EACH PRODUCT CONCEPT THAT YOU 1349 00:49:18,830 --> 00:49:21,533 NEED TO UNDERSTAND IN ORDER TO 1350 00:49:21,533 --> 00:49:23,368 MANUFACTURE A PRODUCT AND THIS 1351 00:49:23,368 --> 00:49:24,336 IS, YOU KNOW PRETTY DIFFERENT 1352 00:49:24,336 --> 00:49:26,405 KINDS OF SCIENCE THAT WE DO IN 1353 00:49:26,405 --> 00:49:28,106 BELLING 40 AND IT'S CHALLENGING 1354 00:49:28,106 --> 00:49:30,342 BUT WE ARE FORTUNATE TO HAVE AN 1355 00:49:30,342 --> 00:49:31,310 OUTSTANDING TEAM THAT DOES THIS 1356 00:49:31,310 --> 00:49:33,712 EMPLOY THE OUTPUT OF THIS IS 1357 00:49:33,712 --> 00:49:35,814 REALLY THE INSTRUCTIONS OF HOW 1358 00:49:35,814 --> 00:49:37,082 TO MANUFACTURE OUR PRODUCT THAT 1359 00:49:37,082 --> 00:49:40,585 ARE THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE 1360 00:49:40,585 --> 00:49:42,888 VACCINE PILOT PLANT FOR 1361 00:49:42,888 --> 00:49:43,956 FREDERICK MARYLAND, THAT TEAM 1362 00:49:43,956 --> 00:49:45,223 MANUFACTURES THE PRODUCT AND 1363 00:49:45,223 --> 00:49:48,093 THEN THE PRODUCT COMES BA BEING 1364 00:49:48,093 --> 00:49:52,164 TO THE VRC CLINICAL TRIALS 1365 00:49:52,164 --> 00:49:53,799 PROGRAM, OR TIMES TO OUR 1366 00:49:53,799 --> 00:49:55,934 COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS WHERE WE 1367 00:49:55,934 --> 00:49:57,602 DO FIRST IN HUMAN CLINICAL 1368 00:49:57,602 --> 00:49:57,836 TRIALS. 1369 00:49:57,836 --> 00:50:00,372 THOSE TRIALS ARE SUPPORTED IN AN 1370 00:50:00,372 --> 00:50:02,107 END POINT ANALYSIS FOR THOSE 1371 00:50:02,107 --> 00:50:03,709 TRIALS SUPPORTED BY YET A 1372 00:50:03,709 --> 00:50:05,544 DIFFERENT TEAM CALLED THE 1373 00:50:05,544 --> 00:50:07,779 VACCINE IMUGOLOGY PROGRAM THAT 1374 00:50:07,779 --> 00:50:10,382 IS ALSO HOUSE INDEED 1375 00:50:10,382 --> 00:50:11,984 GAITHERSBURG THAT DOES THAT 1376 00:50:11,984 --> 00:50:12,184 WORK. 1377 00:50:12,184 --> 00:50:15,020 SO VRC WAS FOUNDED TO SOLVE THE 1378 00:50:15,020 --> 00:50:17,956 PROBLEMS THAT WOULD ENABLE THE 1379 00:50:17,956 --> 00:50:19,224 DEVELOPMENT VACCINES FOR HIV. 1380 00:50:19,224 --> 00:50:21,326 AND I WOULD SAN FRANCISCO I THAT 1381 00:50:21,326 --> 00:50:24,262 THE VRC MADE TREMENDOUS PROGRESS 1382 00:50:24,262 --> 00:50:26,031 IN THIS AREA IN THE LAST 20 1383 00:50:26,031 --> 00:50:27,733 YEARS AND 1 OF THESE IS REALLY 1384 00:50:27,733 --> 00:50:30,369 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT 1385 00:50:30,369 --> 00:50:32,637 OF STRUCTURE GUIDED VACCINE 1386 00:50:32,637 --> 00:50:34,206 DECIDE. 1387 00:50:34,206 --> 00:50:36,908 THIS WAS PIONEERED BY PETER 1388 00:50:36,908 --> 00:50:37,843 QUANG AND COLLEAGUES, AND THE 1389 00:50:37,843 --> 00:50:39,911 WAY THIS WORKS IS THAT THE TEAM 1390 00:50:39,911 --> 00:50:41,246 WILL SOLVE STRUCTURES OF OVERALL 1391 00:50:41,246 --> 00:50:43,382 PATHOGEN THAT ARE CRITICAL TO 1392 00:50:43,382 --> 00:50:44,783 ITS BIOLOGY SUCH AS THE ABILITY 1393 00:50:44,783 --> 00:50:47,052 OF THE VIRUS TO ENTER CELLS AND 1394 00:50:47,052 --> 00:50:48,820 ON THE TOP LEFT THERE, YOU'RE 1395 00:50:48,820 --> 00:50:50,889 SEEING THE STRUCTURE OF THE 1396 00:50:50,889 --> 00:50:54,626 GP120 PROTEIN THAT IS ON THE 1397 00:50:54,626 --> 00:50:56,228 EXTERIOR OF HIV ENTER CELLS. 1398 00:50:56,228 --> 00:50:59,898 WE THEN USE THIS INFORMATION TO 1399 00:50:59,898 --> 00:51:01,967 IDENTIFY B-CELLS THAT ARE 1400 00:51:01,967 --> 00:51:03,468 ILLICITTED BY INFECTION OR 1401 00:51:03,468 --> 00:51:05,203 VACCINATION IN HUMANS OR 1402 00:51:05,203 --> 00:51:06,004 RELEVANT ANIMAL MODELS TO 1403 00:51:06,004 --> 00:51:08,607 UNDERSTAND WHAT THE IMMUNE 1404 00:51:08,607 --> 00:51:09,541 SYSTEM TELLS YOU ABOUT 1405 00:51:09,541 --> 00:51:11,610 ANTIBODIES THAT HAVE DESIRABLE 1406 00:51:11,610 --> 00:51:13,045 FEATURES WHEN YOU MARY THESE 2 1407 00:51:13,045 --> 00:51:14,646 THINGS TOGETHER, YOU GET THE 1408 00:51:14,646 --> 00:51:16,181 INTERESTING CONCEPT THAT THE 1409 00:51:16,181 --> 00:51:19,217 IMMUNE SYSTEM IS TELLING WHAT 1410 00:51:19,217 --> 00:51:20,385 ARE THE IMPORTANT ANTIBODIES 1411 00:51:20,385 --> 00:51:22,921 THEY CAN TELL YOU HO HOW TO 1412 00:51:22,921 --> 00:51:24,189 STABILIZE OR PRESENT THOSE 1413 00:51:24,189 --> 00:51:26,391 EPITOPES THAT COULD BE IN A WAY 1414 00:51:26,391 --> 00:51:27,292 FOR ANTIIEN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 1415 00:51:27,292 --> 00:51:32,731 AND THE BOTTOM LEFT IS AN 1416 00:51:32,731 --> 00:51:34,566 ANTIBODY CALLED VRC MOLECULE 1 1417 00:51:34,566 --> 00:51:39,471 WHICH IS FOUND DOWN TO THE 1418 00:51:39,471 --> 00:51:43,008 CONSERVED BINDING SITE ON GP120. 1419 00:51:43,008 --> 00:51:46,078 SO THE PORTFOLIO HAS EXPANDED 1420 00:51:46,078 --> 00:51:47,379 CONSIDERABLY SINCE ITS 1421 00:51:47,379 --> 00:51:49,314 INCEPTION, WHAT I DEPICTED HERE 1422 00:51:49,314 --> 00:51:51,550 THAT I LISTED ARE VIRUSES THAT 1423 00:51:51,550 --> 00:51:52,517 HAVE STRUCTURAL VIRUSES IN 1424 00:51:52,517 --> 00:51:53,051 COMMON WITH HIV. 1425 00:51:53,051 --> 00:51:55,854 THE TYPE OF PROJECTS WE DO IN 1426 00:51:55,854 --> 00:51:57,456 THOSE SPACES OR IN THOSE BLUE 1427 00:51:57,456 --> 00:51:58,857 BOXES AND RED TEXT IS ANYWHERE 1428 00:51:58,857 --> 00:52:00,692 THAT OUR PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 1429 00:52:00,692 --> 00:52:03,495 TEAM, THE VPP IS DOING PROCESS 1430 00:52:03,495 --> 00:52:05,864 DEVELOPMENT OR THE CLINICAL 1431 00:52:05,864 --> 00:52:07,365 TRIALS PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR 1432 00:52:07,365 --> 00:52:08,333 OR CONDUCTING CLINICAL TRIALS 1433 00:52:08,333 --> 00:52:10,702 AND ALL OF THE SCIENCE REALLY 1434 00:52:10,702 --> 00:52:12,904 LEVERAGES THE SAME STRUCTURE 1435 00:52:12,904 --> 00:52:14,739 GUIDED PRINCIPLES THAT WERE 1436 00:52:14,739 --> 00:52:16,374 DEVELOPED WITH HIV AND REALLY 1437 00:52:16,374 --> 00:52:17,642 TERRIFIC EXAMPLE IS THE WORK 1438 00:52:17,642 --> 00:52:24,015 THAT WAS DONE TO STABILIZE THE 1439 00:52:24,015 --> 00:52:27,752 ENTRY, VIRAL ENTRY OF RSV TO 1440 00:52:27,752 --> 00:52:29,054 MAKE THE STABILIZED DSK 1 AND 1441 00:52:29,054 --> 00:52:33,158 THAT IS IN THE GSK RSV VACCINE, 1442 00:52:33,158 --> 00:52:35,694 BUT THERE ARE MANY OTHER 1443 00:52:35,694 --> 00:52:36,328 EXAMPLES INCLUDING THE 1444 00:52:36,328 --> 00:52:38,930 TREMENDOUS WORK THAT WAS DONE BY 1445 00:52:38,930 --> 00:52:41,600 GRAHAM'S TEAM TO STABILIZE THE 1446 00:52:41,600 --> 00:52:43,301 SPIKE CORONA VIRUSES, OUR INFLU 1447 00:52:43,301 --> 00:52:45,370 EANS AND NANO PARTICLE VACCINE 1448 00:52:45,370 --> 00:52:47,539 PROGRAM LED BY [INDISCERNIBLE] 1449 00:52:47,539 --> 00:52:49,708 AND ANTIBODY DISCOVERY PROGRAMS 1450 00:52:49,708 --> 00:52:52,711 ACROSS THIS PORTFOLIO TO INCLUDE 1451 00:52:52,711 --> 00:52:56,781 HIV, INFLUENZA, CORONA VIRUSES 1452 00:52:56,781 --> 00:52:57,916 AND MALARIA. 1453 00:52:57,916 --> 00:52:58,750 ONE CURRENT EXAMPLE OF THE 1454 00:52:58,750 --> 00:52:59,918 APPLICATION OF THIS IS OUR 1455 00:52:59,918 --> 00:53:03,088 INTEREST IN DEVELOPING A VACCINE 1456 00:53:03,088 --> 00:53:05,423 FOR A VIRUS CALLED MEPA VIRUS 1457 00:53:05,423 --> 00:53:10,128 AND SHOWN ON THE LEFT IS A 1458 00:53:10,128 --> 00:53:11,563 REALLY INTERESTING STRUCTURE 1459 00:53:11,563 --> 00:53:15,233 GUIDING THE DESIGN OF 2 ANTIGENS 1460 00:53:15,233 --> 00:53:18,603 FROM NIP A H, AND IN THE END, IN 1461 00:53:18,603 --> 00:53:22,207 THIS NOVEL VACCINE IS NOW IN THE 1462 00:53:22,207 --> 00:53:29,047 CLINIC BEING EXPRESSED BY THE 1463 00:53:29,047 --> 00:53:30,048 MODERNA WORK, THE SCIENTIFIC 1464 00:53:30,048 --> 00:53:32,117 DATA LOOKS TO BE EXCITING AND 1465 00:53:32,117 --> 00:53:33,585 THE CLINICAL DATA LOOKS TO BE 1466 00:53:33,585 --> 00:53:35,053 PROMISING AND I'M LOOKING 1467 00:53:35,053 --> 00:53:36,221 FORWARD TO SHARING THOSE DATA 1468 00:53:36,221 --> 00:53:37,155 WHICH THEY BECOME AVAILABLE. 1469 00:53:37,155 --> 00:53:39,824 BUT NOT ALL THE VIRUSES WE STUDY 1470 00:53:39,824 --> 00:53:40,825 HAVE THOSE STRUCTURAL FEATURES 1471 00:53:40,825 --> 00:53:42,794 IN COMMON WITH HIV. 1472 00:53:42,794 --> 00:53:45,564 THERE ARE MANY VIRUSES THAT HAVE 1473 00:53:45,564 --> 00:53:50,235 A DIFFERENT WAY OF DOING THINGS 1474 00:53:50,235 --> 00:53:51,770 AND FLAVI VIRUSES AND 1475 00:53:51,770 --> 00:53:55,340 [INDISCERNIBLE] ARE VIRUSES 1476 00:53:55,340 --> 00:53:56,274 TRANSMITTED THROUGH ARTHROPOD 1477 00:53:56,274 --> 00:53:57,375 VECTORS THAT DO THEIR BUSINESS 1478 00:53:57,375 --> 00:53:59,644 WITH A REALLY DIFFERENT AND 1479 00:53:59,644 --> 00:54:00,178 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL 1480 00:54:00,178 --> 00:54:01,846 DENATIONAL LIBRARY OF 1481 00:54:01,846 --> 00:54:04,449 MEDICINEETRY, THE VRC HAS A 1482 00:54:04,449 --> 00:54:05,750 CONSIDERABLY INVERMEN INFECTED 1483 00:54:05,750 --> 00:54:07,953 VEF VESTMENT IN THESE VIRUSES IN 1484 00:54:07,953 --> 00:54:09,921 SEVERAL YEARS, HAVING DONE 8 1485 00:54:09,921 --> 00:54:12,023 CLINICAL TRIALS FOR VIRUSES THAT 1486 00:54:12,023 --> 00:54:13,391 HAVE THESE TRANSFUSION PROTEINS 1487 00:54:13,391 --> 00:54:16,928 1 OF WHICH THAT'S NOTABLE IS THE 1488 00:54:16,928 --> 00:54:18,897 DEVELOPMENT OF A CHICKEN GUNNIA 1489 00:54:18,897 --> 00:54:22,400 VACCINE WHICH IS THE VACCINE 1490 00:54:22,400 --> 00:54:25,904 CONCEPT THAT IS THE BAVARIAN 1491 00:54:25,904 --> 00:54:29,007 NORDIC VACCINE WHICH IS AWAITING 1492 00:54:29,007 --> 00:54:31,710 APPROVAL BY THE FDA AND THE 1493 00:54:31,710 --> 00:54:32,377 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 1494 00:54:32,377 --> 00:54:33,979 WE CURRENTLY RUN A DISCOVERY 1495 00:54:33,979 --> 00:54:35,714 PROGRAM FOR VIRUSES WITHIN ALL 3 1496 00:54:35,714 --> 00:54:39,117 OF THESE GROUPS INCLUDING 1497 00:54:39,117 --> 00:54:42,854 EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY GENERAL 1498 00:54:42,854 --> 00:54:45,557 SOLUTIONS FOR ANTIGEN DESIGN 1499 00:54:45,557 --> 00:54:46,825 SUPPORTED BY ANTIBODY DISCOVERY 1500 00:54:46,825 --> 00:54:49,394 FOR VIRUSES THAT INCLUDE WEST 1501 00:54:49,394 --> 00:54:51,263 NILE VIRUSES, ZIKA AND EMERGING 1502 00:54:51,263 --> 00:54:52,797 GROUP OF VIRUSES INCLUDING 1503 00:54:52,797 --> 00:54:53,832 VIRUSES INCLUDE THANKSGIVING 1504 00:54:53,832 --> 00:54:55,333 VIRUS THAT SHE MAY HAVE BEEN 1505 00:54:55,333 --> 00:54:57,435 READING ABOUT IN THE NEWS, THAT 1506 00:54:57,435 --> 00:55:00,038 IS CURRENTLY BEING INVESTIGATED 1507 00:55:00,038 --> 00:55:01,239 BY OUR TEAMS, INDIVIDUALS SHOWN 1508 00:55:01,239 --> 00:55:04,409 ARE A PORTION OF MY TEAM THAT'S 1509 00:55:04,409 --> 00:55:06,344 WORKING ON THESE VIRUS PROBLEMS. 1510 00:55:06,344 --> 00:55:09,347 AND THEN FINALLY NOT ALL OF THE 1511 00:55:09,347 --> 00:55:11,182 VIRUSES WE STUDY EVENT HAVE 1512 00:55:11,182 --> 00:55:13,251 VIRAL ENVELOPES THAT ARE 1513 00:55:13,251 --> 00:55:15,120 EMBEDDED WITH THE MEMBRANES, WE 1514 00:55:15,120 --> 00:55:16,187 STUDY VIRUSES THAT HAVE NO 1515 00:55:16,187 --> 00:55:18,390 MEMBRANE AT ALL AND THESE 1516 00:55:18,390 --> 00:55:19,357 NONPROFESSIONAL VIRUSES PRESENT 1517 00:55:19,357 --> 00:55:20,859 A UNIQUE SET OF CHALLENGES AND 1518 00:55:20,859 --> 00:55:22,994 WE'VE BEEN MAKING PROGRESS IN 1519 00:55:22,994 --> 00:55:23,895 SEVERAL AREAS. 1520 00:55:23,895 --> 00:55:26,298 FIRST AND NOTABLY WE HAVE 1521 00:55:26,298 --> 00:55:27,666 DEVELOPED A VACCINE, VIRUS LIKE 1522 00:55:27,666 --> 00:55:29,934 PARTICLE FOR AN ENTHUSIASM ROUGH 1523 00:55:29,934 --> 00:55:33,438 ATOM VIRUS CALLED EDB68 AND THE 1524 00:55:33,438 --> 00:55:34,939 VPP CURRENTLY IS TRYING TO SOLVE 1525 00:55:34,939 --> 00:55:37,108 THE PROBLEMS OF LEARNING HOW TO 1526 00:55:37,108 --> 00:55:40,145 PRODUCE AND PURIFY A VACCINE 1527 00:55:40,145 --> 00:55:40,979 ANTIGEN INTRACELLULARLY. 1528 00:55:40,979 --> 00:55:42,247 DURING THE PAST YEAR, THOUGH, WE 1529 00:55:42,247 --> 00:55:43,848 CONTINUED TO WORK ON THIS 1530 00:55:43,848 --> 00:55:48,420 PROGRAM AND HAVE SOLVED 1531 00:55:48,420 --> 00:55:52,924 STRUCTURES OF THOSE VLPs AND 1532 00:55:52,924 --> 00:55:54,359 DISCOVERED ANTIABOUTS THAT ARE 1533 00:55:54,359 --> 00:55:55,260 PROTECTED IN VIVO. 1534 00:55:55,260 --> 00:55:57,195 WE'VE ALSO IN THE LAST YEAR, 1535 00:55:57,195 --> 00:55:59,397 MARIO WIDE WHAT TEAM HAS 1536 00:55:59,397 --> 00:56:01,333 DEVELOPED THE FIRST NONHUMAN 1537 00:56:01,333 --> 00:56:03,234 PRIMATE MODEL FOR NORO VIRUSES, 1538 00:56:03,234 --> 00:56:04,669 THIS IS REAL LE EXCITING BECAUSE 1539 00:56:04,669 --> 00:56:08,773 IT WILL,A LOW US TO USE THIS 1540 00:56:08,773 --> 00:56:11,076 MPh MODEL TO TEST THIS FOR 1541 00:56:11,076 --> 00:56:13,211 NORA VIRUSES AND ANTIBODIES THAT 1542 00:56:13,211 --> 00:56:14,379 CAN PROTECT AGAINST PROTECTION 1543 00:56:14,379 --> 00:56:16,748 AND WE ALREADY HAVE SIGNIFICANT 1544 00:56:16,748 --> 00:56:18,350 PROGRESS IN BOTH OF THOSE AREAS. 1545 00:56:18,350 --> 00:56:20,952 SO I'VE TOLD YOU ABOUT A LOT OF 1546 00:56:20,952 --> 00:56:25,357 VIROLOGY, BUT WE DON'T JUST DO 1547 00:56:25,357 --> 00:56:27,592 VIROLOGY AT THE VRC, BUT WE ALSO 1548 00:56:27,592 --> 00:56:29,527 WORK ON TB, AND VACCINE 1549 00:56:29,527 --> 00:56:32,831 DWEMMENT. - 1550 00:56:32,831 --> 00:56:32,964 D 1551 00:56:32,964 --> 00:56:33,098 E 1552 00:56:33,098 --> 00:56:33,365 VELOPMENT. 1553 00:56:33,365 --> 00:56:35,433 I WILL TELL YOU ABOUT OUR 1554 00:56:35,433 --> 00:56:36,835 SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS ON MALARIA 1555 00:56:36,835 --> 00:56:39,938 AT THE END OF OUR TALK. 1556 00:56:39,938 --> 00:56:41,639 THE STAFF ARE IMMUNOLOGIST AND 1557 00:56:41,639 --> 00:56:43,708 VIROLOGISTS THAT WORK ON 1558 00:56:43,708 --> 00:56:44,342 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND 1559 00:56:44,342 --> 00:56:46,144 DISCIPLINES AND SOME OF THE 1560 00:56:46,144 --> 00:56:47,445 IMMUNOLOGY WE DO HAS 1561 00:56:47,445 --> 00:56:49,047 APPLICATIONS IN CANCER AND THEN 1562 00:56:49,047 --> 00:56:53,485 FINALLY THE TEAM AT THE VRC IS I 1563 00:56:53,485 --> 00:56:55,653 THINK QUITE INNOVATIVE AND 1564 00:56:55,653 --> 00:56:56,921 LOOKING FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO 1565 00:56:56,921 --> 00:56:58,590 DISCOVER WAYS OF DOING THINGS 1566 00:56:58,590 --> 00:57:00,759 DIFFERENTLY AND 1 I THINK REALLY 1567 00:57:00,759 --> 00:57:01,793 DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY THAT HAS 1568 00:57:01,793 --> 00:57:05,730 BEEN DEVELOPED BY DANNY DEW'S 1569 00:57:05,730 --> 00:57:07,499 TEAM IN THE LAST FEW YEARS IS 1570 00:57:07,499 --> 00:57:10,568 THE ABILITY TO REALLY ACCELERATE 1571 00:57:10,568 --> 00:57:11,503 ANTIBODY DISCOVERY. 1572 00:57:11,503 --> 00:57:14,239 THEY DEVELOPED A TECHNIQUE 1573 00:57:14,239 --> 00:57:16,174 CALLED RAPID ASSEMLY TRANSVEKS 1574 00:57:16,174 --> 00:57:18,810 PRODUCTION IT'S CALL AN ACRONYM 1575 00:57:18,810 --> 00:57:22,547 CALLED RAT PIG AND IT ALLOWS YOU 1576 00:57:22,547 --> 00:57:24,916 TO QUICKLY CLONE EXPRESS AND 1577 00:57:24,916 --> 00:57:25,984 TEST ANTIBODIES FROM SINGLE 1578 00:57:25,984 --> 00:57:28,720 B-CELLS THAT YOU SORT FROM 1579 00:57:28,720 --> 00:57:31,189 HUMANS OR ANIMAL MODELS. 1580 00:57:31,189 --> 00:57:37,929 AND HENRY AT THE VRC RUNS A CORE 1581 00:57:37,929 --> 00:57:39,764 TEAM THAT DOES THESE TESTS ON 1582 00:57:39,764 --> 00:57:41,566 MORE THAN A THOUSAND ANTIBODIES 1583 00:57:41,566 --> 00:57:43,468 PER WEEK NOW AT THE VRELIGIOUS 1584 00:57:43,468 --> 00:57:43,802 C. 1585 00:57:43,802 --> 00:57:46,504 THE PREPIS DEVELOPED BY DANNY 1586 00:57:46,504 --> 00:57:52,510 AND NOW LET LED BY ALLYSON 1587 00:57:52,510 --> 00:57:53,111 SPALLING IS LEVERAGING THIS 1588 00:57:53,111 --> 00:57:56,381 CAPABILITY IN A NETWORK OF MORE 1589 00:57:56,381 --> 00:58:01,519 THAN 2 DOZEN COLLABORATIONS TO 1590 00:58:01,519 --> 00:58:03,922 DISCOVER ANTIBODIES FOR VIRAL 1591 00:58:03,922 --> 00:58:06,558 PATHOGENS THAT ARE EITHER GLOBAL 1592 00:58:06,558 --> 00:58:11,362 OR REGIONAL PROBLEMS, THESE 1593 00:58:11,362 --> 00:58:12,864 COLLABORATIONS NOT ONLY INVOLVE 1594 00:58:12,864 --> 00:58:15,700 SCIENCE BUT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 1595 00:58:15,700 --> 00:58:16,267 AND TRAINING. 1596 00:58:16,267 --> 00:58:19,637 SO THAT IS THE WHIRL WIND HIGH 1597 00:58:19,637 --> 00:58:25,443 LEVEL SORT OF GLIMPSE AT THE 1598 00:58:25,443 --> 00:58:25,710 PORTFOLIO. 1599 00:58:25,710 --> 00:58:27,645 SO SINCE I WAS APPOINTED 1600 00:58:27,645 --> 00:58:28,513 DIRECTOR WE'VE REALLY BEEN 1601 00:58:28,513 --> 00:58:29,614 SPENDING A LOT OF TIME THINKING 1602 00:58:29,614 --> 00:58:32,784 ABOUT THE FUTURE AND RECRUITING 1603 00:58:32,784 --> 00:58:34,185 NEW FACULTY AND SCIENTIFIC 1604 00:58:34,185 --> 00:58:36,254 LEADERS TO THE VRC. 1605 00:58:36,254 --> 00:58:42,660 DURING THE PAST YEAR, WE HAVE 1606 00:58:42,660 --> 00:58:44,929 BEEN WORKING TOWARDS RECRUITMENT 1607 00:58:44,929 --> 00:58:47,465 OF FACULTY REALLY WITH A 2 PRONG 1608 00:58:47,465 --> 00:58:48,867 STRATEGY, FIRST BOTH SUPPORTED 1609 00:58:48,867 --> 00:58:57,542 BY AN INTERNATIONAL SEARCH TOOL 1610 00:58:57,542 --> 00:59:02,180 WITH A BROAD AND DIVERSE 1611 00:59:02,180 --> 00:59:03,348 APPLICANT POOL. 1612 00:59:03,348 --> 00:59:06,584 TODAY I WILL TELL YOU ABOUT OUR 1613 00:59:06,584 --> 00:59:08,019 RECRUITING AND SUCCESS FOR 1614 00:59:08,019 --> 00:59:10,154 RECRUITING AND TRAINING 3 1615 00:59:10,154 --> 00:59:11,356 SCIENTISTS THAT STRENGTHENED OUR 1616 00:59:11,356 --> 00:59:13,791 INFLUENZA AND HIV PROGRAMS. 1617 00:59:13,791 --> 00:59:15,727 WE ALSO ARE--HAVE AN EQUAL 1618 00:59:15,727 --> 00:59:19,764 OPPORTUNITY TO IDENTIFY 3 1619 00:59:19,764 --> 00:59:20,798 ADDITIONAL NEW COLLEAGUES THAT 1620 00:59:20,798 --> 00:59:23,368 WILL BRING NEW SCIENCE AND NEW 1621 00:59:23,368 --> 00:59:25,436 PERSPECTIVES TO THE VRC AND 1622 00:59:25,436 --> 00:59:32,577 THOSE RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES ARE 1623 00:59:32,577 --> 00:59:33,011 ONGOING. 1624 00:59:33,011 --> 00:59:34,646 SO I WILL INTRODUCE YOU TO THEM. 1625 00:59:34,646 --> 00:59:37,382 THE FIRST IS DR. NICOLE ROSE, 1626 00:59:37,382 --> 00:59:38,816 SHE WAS RECRUITED TO THE 1627 00:59:38,816 --> 00:59:40,652 FACULTY, SHE WILL TEAB OR HAS 1628 00:59:40,652 --> 00:59:42,720 JUST ESTABLISHED THE ANTIBODY 1629 00:59:42,720 --> 00:59:45,390 IMMUNITY SECTION AND NICOLE IS A 1630 00:59:45,390 --> 00:59:46,190 NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED LEADER IN 1631 00:59:46,190 --> 00:59:48,293 THE ROLE OF HIV ANTIBODIES. 1632 00:59:48,293 --> 00:59:52,330 SHE PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN THE 1633 00:59:52,330 --> 00:59:54,465 DISCOVERY OF AN ANTIBODY CALLED 1634 00:59:54,465 --> 00:59:56,467 CAP 256 AND IN COLLAB WITH OUR 1635 00:59:56,467 --> 00:59:57,969 COLLEAGUES FOR THE CENTER OF 1636 00:59:57,969 --> 01:00:01,439 AIDS RESEARCH PROGRAM IN SOUTH 1637 01:00:01,439 --> 01:00:06,377 AFRICA, CAPRISA, AND I WILL TALK 1638 01:00:06,377 --> 01:00:08,046 MORE ABOUT CAP 256 IN MY TALK IN 1639 01:00:08,046 --> 01:00:08,580 A FEW SLIDES. 1640 01:00:08,580 --> 01:00:10,882 HE'S ALSO DONE A LOT OF WORK TO 1641 01:00:10,882 --> 01:00:12,150 UNDERSTAND HOW THIS PARTICULAR 1642 01:00:12,150 --> 01:00:14,686 ANTIBODY WHICH HAS REALLY 1643 01:00:14,686 --> 01:00:15,587 INTERESTING FEATURES EVOLVED 1644 01:00:15,587 --> 01:00:22,961 SLOWLY OVER THE COURSE OF HIV 1645 01:00:22,961 --> 01:00:23,227 INFECTION. 1646 01:00:23,227 --> 01:00:31,035 AND THEN SHE WAS REALLY 1647 01:00:31,035 --> 01:00:32,804 SUPPORTIVE THROUGH THESE STUDIES 1648 01:00:32,804 --> 01:00:34,305 BY DOING ENABLING NEUTRALIZING 1649 01:00:34,305 --> 01:00:35,974 ANTIBODY TESTS IN HER LABORATORY 1650 01:00:35,974 --> 01:00:38,509 THAT PROVIED THE DATA THAT 1651 01:00:38,509 --> 01:00:39,210 SUPPORTED APPROVAL FOR THE 1652 01:00:39,210 --> 01:00:45,149 BOOSTING AND THE BOOSTERS. 1653 01:00:45,149 --> 01:00:47,552 SO IN OUR OWN INDEPENDENT LAB, 1654 01:00:47,552 --> 01:00:49,487 NICOLE WILL STRENGTHEN OUR 1655 01:00:49,487 --> 01:00:51,189 PROGRAM TO DISCOVERY AND 1656 01:00:51,189 --> 01:00:52,256 STRUCTURE GUIDED VACCINE 1657 01:00:52,256 --> 01:00:53,658 DEVELOPMENT AND IN THE VACCINE 1658 01:00:53,658 --> 01:00:55,059 SPACE SHE'S INTERESTED IN 1659 01:00:55,059 --> 01:00:57,996 LEARNING TO HOW TO ILLICIT 1660 01:00:57,996 --> 01:00:59,430 ANTIBODIES FOR THIS EPITOPE, I 1661 01:00:59,430 --> 01:01:01,966 WILL SHOW YOU, RECOGNIZED BY 1662 01:01:01,966 --> 01:01:03,468 THAT CAP 256 ANTIBODY. 1663 01:01:03,468 --> 01:01:06,404 SHE'S ALSO INTERESTED IN TRYING 1664 01:01:06,404 --> 01:01:08,272 TO UNDERSTAND STRATEGIES TO 1665 01:01:08,272 --> 01:01:10,508 ILLICIT ANTIBODIES TO UNIQUE 1666 01:01:10,508 --> 01:01:12,276 MEMBRANE PROXIMAL EPITOPE THAT 1667 01:01:12,276 --> 01:01:13,978 EXISTSA THE ISHT FACE BETWEEN 1668 01:01:13,978 --> 01:01:16,514 THE VIRAL PROTEIN CONTACTS THE 1669 01:01:16,514 --> 01:01:18,349 VIRAL MEMBRANE. 1670 01:01:18,349 --> 01:01:21,319 NEXT, I'M REALLY PRIVILEGED TO 1671 01:01:21,319 --> 01:01:24,856 HAVE RETAINED SARAH ANDREWS AT 1672 01:01:24,856 --> 01:01:27,191 THE VRC, IS A TENURED TRACK 1673 01:01:27,191 --> 01:01:29,594 FACULTY AND HAS LAWRCHED THE 1674 01:01:29,594 --> 01:01:34,599 B-CELL IMMUNOLOGY SECTION THIS 1675 01:01:34,599 --> 01:01:35,066 PAST SUMMER. 1676 01:01:35,066 --> 01:01:37,068 PRIOR TO THIS APPOINTMENT SHE 1677 01:01:37,068 --> 01:01:38,836 LED THE VACCINE AND MONITORING 1678 01:01:38,836 --> 01:01:41,105 CONSORTIUM THAT WAS BEEN THE 1679 01:01:41,105 --> 01:01:42,573 COLLABORATION FOR AIDS 1680 01:01:42,573 --> 01:01:44,108 VACCINATION OR STOEVERY WITH 1681 01:01:44,108 --> 01:01:45,476 CRBD WITH THIS AND THIS FTION 1682 01:01:45,476 --> 01:01:48,279 THE TEAM THAT PROVIDED CUTTING 1683 01:01:48,279 --> 01:01:51,215 EDGE B-CELL PHENOTYPING AND 1684 01:01:51,215 --> 01:01:54,018 SUPPORT OF NIAID NETWORKS 1685 01:01:54,018 --> 01:01:54,752 SUPPORTED CLINICAL TRIALS. 1686 01:01:54,752 --> 01:01:56,421 SARAH ALSO RAN A SEPARATE 1687 01:01:56,421 --> 01:01:58,489 RESEARCH TEAM FOCUSED ON 1688 01:01:58,489 --> 01:01:59,357 INFLUENZA IMMUNOLOGY, AND SHE 1689 01:01:59,357 --> 01:02:03,494 REALLY IS A LEADER IN THE FIELD, 1690 01:02:03,494 --> 01:02:04,328 OF IMIEWNLOLOGY INFLUENZA TRYING 1691 01:02:04,328 --> 01:02:06,664 TO FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING THE 1692 01:02:06,664 --> 01:02:08,733 IMMUNE SYSTEM ILLIAISONIS THE A 1693 01:02:08,733 --> 01:02:10,935 RESPONSE TO NEW INFLUENZA TRAINS 1694 01:02:10,935 --> 01:02:13,438 AGAINST A BACK DROP OF AN IMMUNE 1695 01:02:13,438 --> 01:02:16,107 SYSTEM THAT IS REALLY PRIMED TO 1696 01:02:16,107 --> 01:02:18,376 RECOGNIZE THE STRAINS THEY HAD 1697 01:02:18,376 --> 01:02:19,677 SEEN IN PRIOR YEARS. 1698 01:02:19,677 --> 01:02:20,745 AS AN INDEPENDENT PI WILL SHE 1699 01:02:20,745 --> 01:02:22,480 TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM 1700 01:02:22,480 --> 01:02:24,749 OF THIS PHENOMENA CALLED 1701 01:02:24,749 --> 01:02:28,553 IMPRINTING, SHE WILL EXPLORE THE 1702 01:02:28,553 --> 01:02:29,921 IMMUNO DOMINANTS OF ANTIBODY 1703 01:02:29,921 --> 01:02:32,890 REPERER TWOARS AND WHAT KIND OF 1704 01:02:32,890 --> 01:02:34,392 EPITOPES ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE 1705 01:02:34,392 --> 01:02:35,927 IMMUNE SYSTEMS AND POPULATION 1706 01:02:35,927 --> 01:02:38,896 THROUGH THE STUDIES AND CLINICAL 1707 01:02:38,896 --> 01:02:39,964 VACCINES AND SHE WILL REALLY 1708 01:02:39,964 --> 01:02:41,499 CONTINUE TO BE A THOUGHT LEADER 1709 01:02:41,499 --> 01:02:45,269 AT THE VRC AND DEVELOPMENT OF 1710 01:02:45,269 --> 01:02:47,672 INFLUENZA RACK SEENS THAT 1711 01:02:47,672 --> 01:02:48,840 ILLICIT ANTIBODIES THAT CONSERVE 1712 01:02:48,840 --> 01:02:51,309 FEATURES FOR BOTH SEASONAL 1713 01:02:51,309 --> 01:02:55,379 STRAINS AND THOSE WITH PANDEMIC 1714 01:02:55,379 --> 01:02:55,646 POTENTIAL. 1715 01:02:55,646 --> 01:02:58,816 LASTLY BUT NOT LEAST, TOM 1716 01:02:58,816 --> 01:03:01,953 [INDISCERNIBLE] HAS AGREED TO 1717 01:03:01,953 --> 01:03:04,255 JOIN THE VRC FACULTY, HE 1718 01:03:04,255 --> 01:03:07,658 LAUNCHED THE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1719 01:03:07,658 --> 01:03:08,860 AND VACCINOLOGY THIS SUMMER. 1720 01:03:08,860 --> 01:03:11,829 BEFORE THIS APPOINTMENT HE LED 1721 01:03:11,829 --> 01:03:14,098 THE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1722 01:03:14,098 --> 01:03:14,799 INFORMATICS CORE. 1723 01:03:14,799 --> 01:03:16,667 HE REALLY TEABED THIS CUTTING 1724 01:03:16,667 --> 01:03:18,569 EDGE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY THAT IS 1725 01:03:18,569 --> 01:03:20,772 THE PLATFORM UPON WHICH MANY OF 1726 01:03:20,772 --> 01:03:27,345 THE VRC SUCCESSES REST. 1727 01:03:27,345 --> 01:03:28,946 SPECIFICALLY AS AN HIV 1728 01:03:28,946 --> 01:03:30,047 INVESTIGATOR, HE AND PETER 1729 01:03:30,047 --> 01:03:31,549 ESTABLISHED THE BINDING SITE AS 1730 01:03:31,549 --> 01:03:32,850 A CONSERVED TARGET FOR VACCINE 1731 01:03:32,850 --> 01:03:34,919 DESIGN THROUGH THE STRUCTURAL 1732 01:03:34,919 --> 01:03:36,287 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANTIBODY 1733 01:03:36,287 --> 01:03:39,590 THAT BINDS THAT CD4 BINDING SITE 1734 01:03:39,590 --> 01:03:47,098 ANALYSIS STRUCTURE I SHOWED YOU 1735 01:03:47,098 --> 01:03:52,036 ON SLIDE 3. 1736 01:03:52,036 --> 01:03:56,040 TONG QING ALSO TEABED A 1737 01:03:56,040 --> 01:03:58,543 VULNERABLE ON THE VIRUS THAT 1738 01:03:58,543 --> 01:04:00,812 COULD PLAY PART IN THE 1739 01:04:00,812 --> 01:04:05,449 VACCINATION, AND HE PLAYED KEY 1740 01:04:05,449 --> 01:04:08,352 ROLES OF DISCOVERY STRUCTURES 1741 01:04:08,352 --> 01:04:11,255 FOR SARS-COV-2 AND COVID, AS AN 1742 01:04:11,255 --> 01:04:12,089 PI, HE WILL CONTINUE TO 1743 01:04:12,089 --> 01:04:13,825 ADADVANCE OUR PROGRAM ON HIV 1744 01:04:13,825 --> 01:04:15,159 THROUGH STUDIES OF THE 1745 01:04:15,159 --> 01:04:16,761 STRUCTURE, THE VIRUS, STRUCTURE, 1746 01:04:16,761 --> 01:04:18,629 VIRUS AND COMPLEX OF ANTIBODY 1747 01:04:18,629 --> 01:04:21,265 AND THROUGH ANTIGEN DESIGN 1748 01:04:21,265 --> 01:04:22,800 TARGETING ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE 1749 01:04:22,800 --> 01:04:24,702 CD4 BINDING SITE. 1750 01:04:24,702 --> 01:04:26,637 THROUGH THESE PROGRAMS HE WILL 1751 01:04:26,637 --> 01:04:27,705 IMPLEMENT OR INTEGRATE, I SHOULD 1752 01:04:27,705 --> 01:04:29,340 SAY INTO OUR PIPELINES THE USE 1753 01:04:29,340 --> 01:04:32,543 OF AI WHICH I THINK WILL BE 1754 01:04:32,543 --> 01:04:32,944 TRANSFORMATIONAL. 1755 01:04:32,944 --> 01:04:34,979 HIS INTERESTS HAVE EXPANDED WITH 1756 01:04:34,979 --> 01:04:38,850 THE VRC, YOU SAW STRAWCTURES OF 1757 01:04:38,850 --> 01:04:41,285 MANY VIRUSES OUTSIDE OF HIS HIV 1758 01:04:41,285 --> 01:04:44,555 ROOTS, HE PLANS TO CONTINUE TO 1759 01:04:44,555 --> 01:04:47,325 DO SO, INCLUDING THE STUDY OF 1760 01:04:47,325 --> 01:04:48,626 THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF 1761 01:04:48,626 --> 01:04:51,562 VIRUSES THAT ARE NOT CURRENTLY 1762 01:04:51,562 --> 01:04:56,033 INCLUDED IN THE VRC PORTFOLIO 1763 01:04:56,033 --> 01:04:57,835 SUCH AS HTLV1. 1764 01:04:57,835 --> 01:04:59,937 SO I THINK--I KNOW WE ARE REALLY 1765 01:04:59,937 --> 01:05:05,610 EXCITED AND FORTUNATE TO HAVE 1766 01:05:05,610 --> 01:05:06,377 RETAINED 3 INVESTIGATORS, 3 1767 01:05:06,377 --> 01:05:07,912 HIGHLY SOUGHT AFTER 1768 01:05:07,912 --> 01:05:09,146 INVESTIGATORSA THE VRC THAT 1769 01:05:09,146 --> 01:05:11,582 REALLY STABILIZE AND EXTEND OUR 1770 01:05:11,582 --> 01:05:14,852 EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE IMPORTANT 1771 01:05:14,852 --> 01:05:16,254 PROBLEMS REQUIRED TO BRING 1772 01:05:16,254 --> 01:05:18,789 COUNTERMEASURES FOR HIV AND 1773 01:05:18,789 --> 01:05:23,928 INFLUENZA TO REALITY, BUT WE 1774 01:05:23,928 --> 01:05:24,829 REMAIN COMMITTED TO EXTENDING 1775 01:05:24,829 --> 01:05:26,197 THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT 1776 01:05:26,197 --> 01:05:27,899 PROBLEMMINGS BY BRINGING NEW 1777 01:05:27,899 --> 01:05:29,200 COLLEAGUES TO THE VRC THAT THINK 1778 01:05:29,200 --> 01:05:31,168 ABOUT THINGS IN NEW WAYS OR 1779 01:05:31,168 --> 01:05:33,437 INTERESTED IN NEW PROBLEMS TO 1780 01:05:33,437 --> 01:05:35,106 SOLVE, PARTICULARLY THOSE CROSS 1781 01:05:35,106 --> 01:05:36,574 CUTTING ASPECTS OF VIROLOGY AND 1782 01:05:36,574 --> 01:05:37,975 IMMUNOLOGY THAT CAN TOUCH UPON 1783 01:05:37,975 --> 01:05:47,919 AND INFORM OUR ENTIRE PORTFOLIO. 1784 01:05:47,919 --> 01:05:50,254 SO WE'RE LAUNCHING OUR ADD IN A 1785 01:05:50,254 --> 01:05:51,455 COUPLE OF MONTHS, I ENCOURAGE 1786 01:05:51,455 --> 01:05:52,890 YOU TO LOOK OUT FOR THAT AND WE 1787 01:05:52,890 --> 01:05:54,692 CERTAINLY WOULD LIKE TO HEAR 1788 01:05:54,692 --> 01:05:55,626 FROM ANYONE INTERESTED IN THE 1789 01:05:55,626 --> 01:06:02,533 TYPE OF WORK WE DO THAT IS 1790 01:06:02,533 --> 01:06:03,067 PROPERLY QUALIFIED. 1791 01:06:03,067 --> 01:06:05,202 AND SO IN ADDITION TO FACULTY, I 1792 01:06:05,202 --> 01:06:07,772 WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE TO THIS 1793 01:06:07,772 --> 01:06:11,242 TEAM DR. JASON GALL. 1794 01:06:11,242 --> 01:06:13,177 JASON, WE SUCCESSFULLY RECRUITED 1795 01:06:13,177 --> 01:06:15,913 AND JUST ONBOARDED SHORTLY AGO 1796 01:06:15,913 --> 01:06:17,748 AS THE CHIEF OF THE VACCINE 1797 01:06:17,748 --> 01:06:20,818 PRODUCTION PROGRAM AT THE VRC. 1798 01:06:20,818 --> 01:06:22,553 JASON WILL IN THAT ROLE WILL 1799 01:06:22,553 --> 01:06:24,622 ALSO WORK CLOSELY WITH ME AS THE 1800 01:06:24,622 --> 01:06:26,490 DIRECTOR OF STRATEGIC PLANNING 1801 01:06:26,490 --> 01:06:28,326 AND DEVELOPMENT, JASON IS A I 1802 01:06:28,326 --> 01:06:30,227 HAVOLOGYIST WHO HAS WORK INDEED 1803 01:06:30,227 --> 01:06:32,863 HIV SPACE THAT HAS CONSIDERABLY 1804 01:06:32,863 --> 01:06:34,865 EXPERIENCE AND BIOMEDICAL 1805 01:06:34,865 --> 01:06:36,600 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. 1806 01:06:36,600 --> 01:06:38,669 HE'S LED THE DEVELOPMENT AND 1807 01:06:38,669 --> 01:06:40,271 MANUFACTURING AND EVALUATION FOR 1808 01:06:40,271 --> 01:06:43,474 MORE THAN 25 BIOLOGICALS. 1809 01:06:43,474 --> 01:06:45,209 PRIOR TO THIS RECENT 1810 01:06:45,209 --> 01:06:47,211 APPOINTMENT, HE SERVED AS THE 1811 01:06:47,211 --> 01:06:48,713 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM MANAGER OF 1812 01:06:48,713 --> 01:06:51,282 THE VPP AND IN THAT ROLE HIS 1813 01:06:51,282 --> 01:06:52,083 LEADERSHIP WAS REALLY 1814 01:06:52,083 --> 01:06:54,018 TRANSFORMATIVE THROUGH THE 1815 01:06:54,018 --> 01:06:54,652 IMPLEMENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION 1816 01:06:54,652 --> 01:06:57,121 OF THE SORT OF UNIQUE HANDSHAKE 1817 01:06:57,121 --> 01:06:58,723 REQUIRED TO TAKE THOSE 1818 01:06:58,723 --> 01:07:01,592 DISCOVERIES OUT OF BUILDING 40, 1819 01:07:01,592 --> 01:07:03,394 DISCOVERED BY BASIC SCIENTISTS 1820 01:07:03,394 --> 01:07:05,363 AND TRANSFER THEM INTO THIS 1821 01:07:05,363 --> 01:07:07,631 REALLY DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEM OF 1822 01:07:07,631 --> 01:07:09,600 PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND REALLY 1823 01:07:09,600 --> 01:07:10,668 JASON HAS EXPERTISE IN BOTH OF 1824 01:07:10,668 --> 01:07:12,536 THOSE AREAS AND HAS REALLY 1825 01:07:12,536 --> 01:07:17,375 UNIQUELY QUALIFIED TO DO THAT 1826 01:07:17,375 --> 01:07:19,110 AND I AM JUST THRILLED WE WERE 1827 01:07:19,110 --> 01:07:21,445 ABLE TO RETAIN HIM AT THE VRC IN 1828 01:07:21,445 --> 01:07:24,081 THIS NEW ROLE AND REALLY WELCOME 1829 01:07:24,081 --> 01:07:25,816 HIM TO THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP 1830 01:07:25,816 --> 01:07:26,884 TEAM OF THE VRC. 1831 01:07:26,884 --> 01:07:28,319 ALL RIGHT, SO IN THE REMAINING 1832 01:07:28,319 --> 01:07:29,754 TIME I HAVE, I WANTED TO JUST 1833 01:07:29,754 --> 01:07:32,256 TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT 1834 01:07:32,256 --> 01:07:35,659 JUST 4 VIGNETTES OF PLACES WE 1835 01:07:35,659 --> 01:07:37,661 ARE WORKING SPECIFICALLY WITHIN 1836 01:07:37,661 --> 01:07:38,162 THE PORTFOLIO. 1837 01:07:38,162 --> 01:07:40,931 AND THE FIRST IS I WANT TO COME 1838 01:07:40,931 --> 01:07:45,770 BACK TO HIV AND THIS ANTIBODY 1839 01:07:45,770 --> 01:07:52,243 CAP 256, SO CAP 2 PIXELS AS--CAP 1840 01:07:52,243 --> 01:07:55,112 256 IS AN ANTIBODY RECENTLY 1841 01:07:55,112 --> 01:07:58,149 DISCOVERED BY THE TEAM FROM 1842 01:07:58,149 --> 01:08:01,352 CAPRISA, IT'S AN ANTIBODY THAT 1843 01:08:01,352 --> 01:08:04,388 IS HIGHLY MUTATED AND IT'S HEAVY 1844 01:08:04,388 --> 01:08:05,923 AND LIGHT CHAINS COMPARED TO THE 1845 01:08:05,923 --> 01:08:07,958 GERM LINE SEQUENCES AND IT 1846 01:08:07,958 --> 01:08:08,926 EVOLVED OVER A LONG PERIOD OF 1847 01:08:08,926 --> 01:08:13,097 TIME IN A PERSON LIVING WITH 1848 01:08:13,097 --> 01:08:13,397 HIV. 1849 01:08:13,397 --> 01:08:14,398 ONE INTERESTING FEATURE OF THIS 1850 01:08:14,398 --> 01:08:15,933 ASPECT BODY IS THAT ON THE HEAVY 1851 01:08:15,933 --> 01:08:18,235 CHAIN, CAN YOU SEE THIS FINGER 1852 01:08:18,235 --> 01:08:23,374 THAT STICKS UP IN YELLOW THERE, 1853 01:08:23,374 --> 01:08:24,675 QUITE PROMINENTLY OFF THE 1854 01:08:24,675 --> 01:08:25,943 SURFACE OF THE ASPECT BODY 1855 01:08:25,943 --> 01:08:27,478 MOLECULE CAN THIS IS THE FEATURE 1856 01:08:27,478 --> 01:08:29,046 THAT THE ANTIBODY EVOLVED TO 1857 01:08:29,046 --> 01:08:32,049 REACH PAST THE GLYCANS THAT HIV 1858 01:08:32,049 --> 01:08:34,685 HAS THAT COVERS THE GP120 AND 1859 01:08:34,685 --> 01:08:37,455 CONTACT THE EPITOPE ON THE V1, 1860 01:08:37,455 --> 01:08:41,625 V2 APEX SHOWN THERE IN BLUE ON 1861 01:08:41,625 --> 01:08:42,993 TOP OF THE MOLECULE. 1862 01:08:42,993 --> 01:08:46,464 THIS EABT BODY IS POTENT, IT 1863 01:08:46,464 --> 01:08:47,765 NEUTRALIZES HIV AT LOW 1864 01:08:47,765 --> 01:08:48,566 CONCENTRATIONS, THE PROBLEM IS 1865 01:08:48,566 --> 01:08:50,101 IT IS NOT VERY BROAD, MEANING IT 1866 01:08:50,101 --> 01:08:54,271 DOESN'T HAVE THE ABILITY TO BIND 1867 01:08:54,271 --> 01:08:56,240 TO AND NEUTRALIZE DIVERSE 1868 01:08:56,240 --> 01:08:56,674 STRENGTHS. 1869 01:08:56,674 --> 01:08:57,641 NONETHELESS TO UNDERSTAND THE 1870 01:08:57,641 --> 01:09:01,245 BIOLOGY OF THIS ANTIBODY, 1871 01:09:01,245 --> 01:09:02,313 FURTHER, THE VR CONSIDER 1872 01:09:02,313 --> 01:09:04,448 MANUFACTURED THIS ANTIBODY AND 1873 01:09:04,448 --> 01:09:06,417 TESTED AND IN FIRST IN HUMAN 1874 01:09:06,417 --> 01:09:08,052 CLINICAL TRIALS AT OUR SITE AT 1875 01:09:08,052 --> 01:09:09,987 THE CTP AND IN COLLABORATION 1876 01:09:09,987 --> 01:09:13,190 WITH OUR COLLEAGUES AT 1877 01:09:13,190 --> 01:09:14,058 CAPRISA IN SOUTH AFRICA. 1878 01:09:14,058 --> 01:09:18,796 BUT I MENTIONED THE ANTIBODY HAS 1879 01:09:18,796 --> 01:09:21,532 THIS LIMITATION AND THAT'S NOT 1880 01:09:21,532 --> 01:09:21,765 WROUGHT. 1881 01:09:21,765 --> 01:09:24,435 SO THE WAY TO ADDRESS THAT 1882 01:09:24,435 --> 01:09:26,237 PROBLEM, WE HAVE EXPLORED 1883 01:09:26,237 --> 01:09:29,773 BUILDING A MOLECULE THAT IS 1884 01:09:29,773 --> 01:09:31,475 CALLED A BI-SPECIFIC, TAKES A 1885 01:09:31,475 --> 01:09:33,711 NEW ANTIBODY AND ADDS A NEW 1886 01:09:33,711 --> 01:09:34,645 FUNCTIONALITY AND ON THE LEFT 1887 01:09:34,645 --> 01:09:36,580 YOU CAN SEE THE NEW 1888 01:09:36,580 --> 01:09:37,515 FUNCTIONALITY IS THE ORANGE 1889 01:09:37,515 --> 01:09:42,319 CIRCLE, THIS IS A NANO BODY FROM 1890 01:09:42,319 --> 01:09:43,921 A LLAMA, LLAMAS MAKE NANO BODIES 1891 01:09:43,921 --> 01:09:46,991 THAT HAVE MANY OF THE FEATURES 1892 01:09:46,991 --> 01:09:48,292 THAT HAVE ANTIBODIES LIKE HUMANS 1893 01:09:48,292 --> 01:09:49,927 AND THEY CAN BIND TO THINGS BUT 1894 01:09:49,927 --> 01:09:52,463 THEY DO SO IN A VERY SMALL 1895 01:09:52,463 --> 01:09:53,030 PACKAGE. 1896 01:09:53,030 --> 01:09:55,332 SO THIS LLAMA ANTIBODY CALLED Y3 1897 01:09:55,332 --> 01:09:57,768 IS SPECIFIC FOR THAT CONSERVED 1898 01:09:57,768 --> 01:09:58,402 CD4 BINDING SITE. 1899 01:09:58,402 --> 01:10:00,604 SO IN THE MIDDLE, YOU CAN SEE 1900 01:10:00,604 --> 01:10:03,541 THE HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAINS OF 1901 01:10:03,541 --> 01:10:07,077 CAP 256 BOUND TO THAT APEX 1902 01:10:07,077 --> 01:10:08,546 EPITOPE. 1903 01:10:08,546 --> 01:10:10,881 THERE'S A YELLOW ANCHOR IS IN 1904 01:10:10,881 --> 01:10:14,185 RED THAT'S WHERE J3 IS STICKING 1905 01:10:14,185 --> 01:10:16,353 INTO THE CD4 BINDING SO SO THIS 1906 01:10:16,353 --> 01:10:18,789 NOW TAKES IT POTENT AND MAKE ITS 1907 01:10:18,789 --> 01:10:22,826 BROAD BY ADDING A 1908 01:10:22,826 --> 01:10:23,861 CONTRIBUTALLITY THAT CONTRIBUTES 1909 01:10:23,861 --> 01:10:24,094 IT. 1910 01:10:24,094 --> 01:10:28,799 AND OF COURSE THE COMPONENTS OF 1911 01:10:28,799 --> 01:10:31,769 THE ANTIBODY ARE BETTER THAN 1912 01:10:31,769 --> 01:10:34,371 WHAT ARRIVED, THIS CAN NOW 1913 01:10:34,371 --> 01:10:36,607 NEUTRALIZE 97% OF THE VIRUSES IN 1914 01:10:36,607 --> 01:10:39,577 A PANEL OF 2 HAD 08 VIRUSES FROM 1915 01:10:39,577 --> 01:10:41,212 AIDS AND HIV FROM ACROSS THE 1916 01:10:41,212 --> 01:10:41,412 FLOAB. 1917 01:10:41,412 --> 01:10:46,317 SO MOVING FORWARD WE ARE PUSHING 1918 01:10:46,317 --> 01:10:49,019 THIS NOVEL ANTIBODY INTO THE 1919 01:10:49,019 --> 01:10:51,021 CLINIC AFTER ITS BEEN 1920 01:10:51,021 --> 01:10:53,090 MANUFACTURED BY THE VPP, CAP 256 1921 01:10:53,090 --> 01:10:55,192 WAS A REALLY HARD ANTIBODY TO 1922 01:10:55,192 --> 01:10:56,227 MANUFACTURE, REQUIRED SOLVING A 1923 01:10:56,227 --> 01:10:58,095 LOT OF PROBLEMS AND JASON'S TEAM 1924 01:10:58,095 --> 01:11:00,297 LEVERAGED THOSE ON THE WAY TO 1925 01:11:00,297 --> 01:11:01,999 SUCCESSFULLY MAKING CAP J3. 1926 01:11:01,999 --> 01:11:06,403 IN THE TRIAL WE WILL EVALUATE 1927 01:11:06,403 --> 01:11:08,572 THE SAFETY OF THIS ANTIBODY 1928 01:11:08,572 --> 01:11:10,007 FORMAT THAT INCLUDE THIS IS 1929 01:11:10,007 --> 01:11:10,708 ANTIBODY FROM LLAMA. 1930 01:11:10,708 --> 01:11:13,944 WE WILL EXPLORE THE PK OF THIS 1931 01:11:13,944 --> 01:11:17,948 INTERESTING ANTIBODY FORMAT, AND 1932 01:11:17,948 --> 01:11:19,883 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIDRUG 1933 01:11:19,883 --> 01:11:21,518 ANTIBODIES THAT WILL LIMIT THIS 1934 01:11:21,518 --> 01:11:24,288 AND IT'S PK AND FINALLY WE WILL 1935 01:11:24,288 --> 01:11:25,823 EVALUATE THE SPECIFICACKIVITY OF 1936 01:11:25,823 --> 01:11:27,791 THE MONOCLONAL TERMS OF BREDTH 1937 01:11:27,791 --> 01:11:28,626 AND POTENCY IN VIVO AND THIS 1938 01:11:28,626 --> 01:11:35,966 WILL BE IN A TRIAL WITH JOE 1939 01:11:35,966 --> 01:11:39,236 KAZAZA, WITH THE VRC AND THE PI, 1940 01:11:39,236 --> 01:11:43,941 AND THE CLINICAL TRIALS PROGRAM 1941 01:11:43,941 --> 01:11:44,074 M 1942 01:11:44,074 --> 01:11:44,208 O 1943 01:11:44,208 --> 01:11:44,341 V 1944 01:11:44,341 --> 01:11:44,475 I 1945 01:11:44,475 --> 01:11:44,608 N 1946 01:11:44,608 --> 01:11:47,111 G 1947 01:11:47,111 --> 01:11:47,244 T 1948 01:11:47,244 --> 01:11:47,378 O 1949 01:11:47,378 --> 01:11:49,280 HIV VACCINES THIS IS A 1950 01:11:49,280 --> 01:11:51,582 SCHEMATIC THAT DESCRIBES THIS 1951 01:11:51,582 --> 01:11:53,450 LINEAGE CONCEPT THAT JEANNE 1952 01:11:53,450 --> 01:11:54,818 MENTIONED AND BRINGS IN THE 1953 01:11:54,818 --> 01:11:56,053 CONCEPT OF OW ANTIBODIES ARE 1954 01:11:56,053 --> 01:11:58,389 USEFUL IN WILLING YOU ABOUT 1955 01:11:58,389 --> 01:11:59,189 SITES OF VULNERABILITY, SO ON 1956 01:11:59,189 --> 01:12:00,858 THE LEFT IT DRIEBS WHAT I HEARD 1957 01:12:00,858 --> 01:12:01,925 TOLD YOU THAT ANTIBODIES CAN 1958 01:12:01,925 --> 01:12:04,695 TELL YOU WHERE YOU MIGHT WANT TO 1959 01:12:04,695 --> 01:12:05,896 TARGET THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, ON 1960 01:12:05,896 --> 01:12:08,198 THE RIGHT IT DRIEBS THIS LINEAGE 1961 01:12:08,198 --> 01:12:09,033 DEVELOPMENT OF MATURATION AND 1962 01:12:09,033 --> 01:12:11,902 THAT IS A PROCESS BY WHICH YOU 1963 01:12:11,902 --> 01:12:13,304 IMMUNIZE WITH ANTIGENS DESIGNED 1964 01:12:13,304 --> 01:12:15,806 TO STIMULATE THE GERM LINE OF AN 1965 01:12:15,806 --> 01:12:18,776 ANTIBODY, AND IN A VERY DIRECTED 1966 01:12:18,776 --> 01:12:20,277 WAY, MATURE AND GUIDE THE 1967 01:12:20,277 --> 01:12:22,880 DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE ANTIBODIES 1968 01:12:22,880 --> 01:12:24,181 THROUGH SUCCESS OF IMMUNIZATIONS 1969 01:12:24,181 --> 01:12:26,250 WITH DIFFERENT BUT RELATED 1970 01:12:26,250 --> 01:12:28,986 ANTIGENS THAT THE IDEA IS TO 1971 01:12:28,986 --> 01:12:29,953 LEAD THE ANTIBODY PATH WHERE YOU 1972 01:12:29,953 --> 01:12:31,689 NEED IT TO GO EMPLOY YOU ONLY 1973 01:12:31,689 --> 01:12:34,058 COULD DO THIS IF YOU KNOW WHAT 1974 01:12:34,058 --> 01:12:36,260 THE SORT OF ONTOGNY OF THE 1975 01:12:36,260 --> 01:12:38,429 ANTIYOU'RE ABOUTED IN LOOKS 1976 01:12:38,429 --> 01:12:40,364 LIKE, BECAUSE THE ANTIGENS THAT 1977 01:12:40,364 --> 01:12:42,466 ARE ON YOUR LAST IMMUNIZATION 1978 01:12:42,466 --> 01:12:45,302 SOMETIMES ARE NOT EVEN BOUND BY 1979 01:12:45,302 --> 01:12:49,173 THE B-CELLS THAT STARTED THIS 1980 01:12:49,173 --> 01:12:49,406 PROCESS. 1981 01:12:49,406 --> 01:12:50,641 SO THE KEY THING IS YOU HAVE TO 1982 01:12:50,641 --> 01:12:52,910 HAVE THE ANTIBODY THAT IS THE 1983 01:12:52,910 --> 01:12:54,678 SITE OF VULNERABILITY, FOR THE 1984 01:12:54,678 --> 01:12:56,980 VRC, WE ARE WORKING ON A PROGRAM 1985 01:12:56,980 --> 01:12:59,016 WORKING TOWARDS A CONFUSION 1986 01:12:59,016 --> 01:13:01,552 PEPTIDE THAT IS INTEGRAL TO THE 1987 01:13:01,552 --> 01:13:03,887 WAY THE VIRUS WORKS AS A SITE OF 1988 01:13:03,887 --> 01:13:04,555 VULNERABILITY, WHY IN BECAUSE WE 1989 01:13:04,555 --> 01:13:06,990 HAVE IEE, AUDIENCE DEBTIFIED 1990 01:13:06,990 --> 01:13:08,292 ANTIBODIES THAT BIND THIS SIDE 1991 01:13:08,292 --> 01:13:09,560 OF VULNERABILITY AND ON THE LEFT 1992 01:13:09,560 --> 01:13:12,429 YOU CAN SEE AN ANTIBODY CALLED 1993 01:13:12,429 --> 01:13:15,499 VRC 34 THAT BOINDS INTO CANCER 1994 01:13:15,499 --> 01:13:16,934 CENTER ANGLE GP120 TO BIND THRA 1995 01:13:16,934 --> 01:13:17,134 SITE. 1996 01:13:17,134 --> 01:13:20,604 DURING THE PAST YEAR IN A 1997 01:13:20,604 --> 01:13:22,306 TERRIFIC PAPER BY 1998 01:13:22,306 --> 01:13:23,607 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND COLLEAGUES, 1999 01:13:23,607 --> 01:13:25,109 THEY DEMONSTRATE THAD ANTIBODIES 2000 01:13:25,109 --> 01:13:26,777 LIKE THIS IF ADMINISTERED 2001 01:13:26,777 --> 01:13:28,812 PASSIVELY CAN PROTECT FROM 2002 01:13:28,812 --> 01:13:29,580 MUCOSAL CHALLENGE BY SIV. 2003 01:13:29,580 --> 01:13:31,648 SO WE KNOW THAT KIND OF 2004 01:13:31,648 --> 01:13:32,616 ANTIBODIES CAN BE PROTECTED 2005 01:13:32,616 --> 01:13:34,885 EMPLOY WE ALSO KNOW YOU CAN 2006 01:13:34,885 --> 01:13:37,855 ILLICIT THESE KIND OF ANTIBODIES 2007 01:13:37,855 --> 01:13:39,623 ALBEIT EFFICIENTLY WITH THE 2008 01:13:39,623 --> 01:13:43,994 KINDS OF HIV TRIEMERS THAT ARE 2009 01:13:43,994 --> 01:13:45,496 ALREADY BEING TESTED IN CLINICAL 2010 01:13:45,496 --> 01:13:47,064 TRIALS SUCH AS THAT WE REALLY 2011 01:13:47,064 --> 01:13:50,234 NEED A STRATEGY TO MAKE 2012 01:13:50,234 --> 01:13:51,402 ILLICITTING THESE ANTIBODIES 2013 01:13:51,402 --> 01:13:52,803 MORE EFFICIENT AND THIS IS THE 2014 01:13:52,803 --> 01:13:54,872 IDEA THAT THE VRC HAS BEEN 2015 01:13:54,872 --> 01:13:56,039 WORKING ON FOR QUITE SOMETIME 2016 01:13:56,039 --> 01:13:58,509 STARTING WITH WORK DONE BY PETER 2017 01:13:58,509 --> 01:13:59,576 QUONG AND PETER [INDISCERNIBLE]. 2018 01:13:59,576 --> 01:14:02,746 THE IDEA IS TO TAKE THE FUSION 2019 01:14:02,746 --> 01:14:05,115 PEPTIDE ITSELF IS CONJUGATE IT 2020 01:14:05,115 --> 01:14:10,421 TO SOMETHING, IN THIS CASE THE 2021 01:14:10,421 --> 01:14:14,691 HEAVY CHAIN OF TETANUS TOXOID TO 2022 01:14:14,691 --> 01:14:15,959 MAKE ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE 2023 01:14:15,959 --> 01:14:16,593 FUSION PEPTIDE. 2024 01:14:16,593 --> 01:14:18,195 SO YOU PRIME, BOOST, AND THEN 2025 01:14:18,195 --> 01:14:20,531 EVENTUALLY YOU CAN AM IN WITH A 2026 01:14:20,531 --> 01:14:21,899 TRIEMER THAT POSITIONS THE 2027 01:14:21,899 --> 01:14:23,734 FUSION PEPTIDE IN A BETTER 2028 01:14:23,734 --> 01:14:25,969 CONTEXT TO MATURE AND POLISH 2029 01:14:25,969 --> 01:14:26,703 THOSE ANTIBODY RESPONSES. 2030 01:14:26,703 --> 01:14:30,641 SO THIS IS OUR APPROACH, WE HAVE 2031 01:14:30,641 --> 01:14:34,812 DISCOVERED AND MORED MULTILE 2032 01:14:34,812 --> 01:14:36,380 TIMERS, WE'RE TESTING DIFFERENT 2033 01:14:36,380 --> 01:14:39,183 LENGTHS OF THAT FUSION PEPTIDE O 2034 01:14:39,183 --> 01:14:42,386 TIDE BUT WE ARE PLANNING AND 2035 01:14:42,386 --> 01:14:48,292 IMEERING UP TO DO A CLINICAL 2036 01:14:48,292 --> 01:14:49,927 TRIAL AND THE PRIME AND 2037 01:14:49,927 --> 01:14:51,195 ANTIBODIES THIS TRIAL WILL BE TO 2038 01:14:51,195 --> 01:14:55,432 ESTABLISH THE SAFETY OF THIS 2039 01:14:55,432 --> 01:14:59,069 APPROACH BUT ALSO PROVIDE AN 2040 01:14:59,069 --> 01:15:01,371 APPROACH TO LOOK IMMUNOLOGY TO 2041 01:15:01,371 --> 01:15:02,639 DEVELOP THE APPROPRIATE LINEAGE 2042 01:15:02,639 --> 01:15:05,309 OF THESE CELLS AS SUGGESTED BY 2043 01:15:05,309 --> 01:15:07,010 THE WORK IN CLINICAL STUDIES. 2044 01:15:07,010 --> 01:15:12,983 IN ADDITION WE HAVE AN ARK 2045 01:15:12,983 --> 01:15:15,452 DITIONAL HIV CLINICAL TRIAL 2046 01:15:15,452 --> 01:15:16,787 CALLED VRC21, OF AN TRIEMER THAT 2047 01:15:16,787 --> 01:15:18,722 IS ENGINEERED TO MASK THE IMMUNO 2048 01:15:18,722 --> 01:15:21,892 DOMINANT BASE OF THE TRIEMER SO 2049 01:15:21,892 --> 01:15:23,293 THIS IS THE EXAMPLE YOU DESIGN 2050 01:15:23,293 --> 01:15:28,332 SOMETHING ELSE AND PULL BACK IN 2051 01:15:28,332 --> 01:15:29,867 AND HAVE A CLINICAL TRIAL IF YOU 2052 01:15:29,867 --> 01:15:31,468 TAKE IT OUT, YOU EXPOSE 2053 01:15:31,468 --> 01:15:32,536 SOMETHING THAT'S NOT SEEN MORE 2054 01:15:32,536 --> 01:15:34,805 AND THE SYSTEM MAKES ANTIBODIES 2055 01:15:34,805 --> 01:15:35,439 TARGETED AGAINST SOMETHING 2056 01:15:35,439 --> 01:15:40,944 YOU'RE NOT INTERESTED AND THAT'S 2057 01:15:40,944 --> 01:15:45,148 THE BASE, WE HAVE 1 IDEA TO 2058 01:15:45,148 --> 01:15:47,217 ESTABLISH THE SAFETY OF MOLECULE 2059 01:15:47,217 --> 01:15:50,187 THAT CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO THE 2060 01:15:50,187 --> 01:15:52,890 PRIME BOOST STRATEGIES SO THAT 2061 01:15:52,890 --> 01:15:54,324 IS THE MAIN FOCUS OF OUR 2062 01:15:54,324 --> 01:16:02,499 STRATEGIES AND WE REMAIN 2063 01:16:02,499 --> 01:16:04,801 DEDICATED TO PREVENTIONS OF HIV. 2064 01:16:04,801 --> 01:16:06,403 MOVING TO OUR FLU FRESHMAN, I 2065 01:16:06,403 --> 01:16:08,472 WANT TO SHARE A PAPER THAT 2066 01:16:08,472 --> 01:16:10,874 [INDISCERNIBLE] TEAM PUBLISHED 2067 01:16:10,874 --> 01:16:12,843 IN IMMUNITY AND IT DESCRIBES AN 2068 01:16:12,843 --> 01:16:13,243 AMAZING ANTIBODY. 2069 01:16:13,243 --> 01:16:18,348 SO ON THE LEFT IS A CARTOON OF 2070 01:16:18,348 --> 01:16:19,716 FLU, AND INFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE 2071 01:16:19,716 --> 01:16:21,985 STUDDED WITH 2 PROTEINS, THE 2072 01:16:21,985 --> 01:16:23,820 FIRST IS THE HEMODPLIEWTIN 2073 01:16:23,820 --> 01:16:25,055 PROTEIN THAT'S PRIMERS OF HA, 2074 01:16:25,055 --> 01:16:27,558 AND HA IS THE PROTEIN THAT 2075 01:16:27,558 --> 01:16:29,192 DRIVES THE ENTRY OF FLU INTO 2076 01:16:29,192 --> 01:16:29,393 CELLS. 2077 01:16:29,393 --> 01:16:33,130 HA IS THE TARGET OF A LOT OF 2078 01:16:33,130 --> 01:16:34,798 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES THAT 2079 01:16:34,798 --> 01:16:37,100 EITHER BIND THE LESS CONSERVED 2080 01:16:37,100 --> 01:16:39,937 HEAD OR VERY CONSERVED STEM AND 2081 01:16:39,937 --> 01:16:41,505 THE VRC HAS MULTIPLE VACCINE 2082 01:16:41,505 --> 01:16:42,406 PROGRAM TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE 2083 01:16:42,406 --> 01:16:43,106 ABUSE ILLICIT ANTIBODIES TO 2084 01:16:43,106 --> 01:16:45,842 TARGET THE HEAD OR THE STEM THAT 2085 01:16:45,842 --> 01:16:50,881 ARE LED BY MASARU AND SARAH AND 2086 01:16:50,881 --> 01:16:51,181 COLLEAGUES. 2087 01:16:51,181 --> 01:16:52,749 HIS TEAM'S ABOUT INTERESTED IN 2088 01:16:52,749 --> 01:16:53,750 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHICH IS 2089 01:16:53,750 --> 01:16:58,188 SOMETHING THAT'S ALSO ON THE 2090 01:16:58,188 --> 01:17:02,025 TETRAMERS OF ORANGE AND YELLOW 2091 01:17:02,025 --> 01:17:02,292 PROTEINS. 2092 01:17:02,292 --> 01:17:04,995 AND MASARU'S TEAM HAS BEEN 2093 01:17:04,995 --> 01:17:07,197 STUDYING MANY FACETS OF THIS 2094 01:17:07,197 --> 01:17:07,898 MOLECULE, LEARNING MORE ABOUT 2095 01:17:07,898 --> 01:17:09,866 HOW WE CAN HARNESS AN IMMUNE 2096 01:17:09,866 --> 01:17:11,301 RESPONSE TO THIS FEATURE IN THE 2097 01:17:11,301 --> 01:17:13,804 CONTEXT OF THE VACCINE, AND THEN 2098 01:17:13,804 --> 01:17:15,372 IN STUDY WHAT THEY IDENTIFIED 2099 01:17:15,372 --> 01:17:19,242 WAS AN ASPECT BODY THAT DIDN'T 2100 01:17:19,242 --> 01:17:22,412 BIND [INDISCERNIBLE] AND HOW IT 2101 01:17:22,412 --> 01:17:26,850 WOULD BE POSSIBLE, IT ACTUALLY 2102 01:17:26,850 --> 01:17:35,158 BOUND ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE 2103 01:17:35,158 --> 01:17:36,326 NEURAMINIDASE, AND THESE 2104 01:17:36,326 --> 01:17:37,260 ANTIBODIES ARE MADE IN VIVO SO 2105 01:17:37,260 --> 01:17:41,031 IT TOLD US A LOT ABOUT THE 2106 01:17:41,031 --> 01:17:42,299 ANDROGENIC SURFACE OF NA AND HOW 2107 01:17:42,299 --> 01:17:46,103 IT SITS AND TILTS AROUND AND 2108 01:17:46,103 --> 01:17:47,537 MOVES AND WILL INFORM OUR 2109 01:17:47,537 --> 01:17:50,173 EFFORTS TO INCLUDE NA IN OUR 2110 01:17:50,173 --> 01:17:54,978 PORTFOLIO OF VACCINE TARGET FIST 2111 01:17:54,978 --> 01:17:55,579 FOR FLU. 2112 01:17:55,579 --> 01:17:58,415 AS WAS MENTIONED IN THE SPRING 2113 01:17:58,415 --> 01:18:00,917 THE DISCOVERY OF H5 IN DAIRY 2114 01:18:00,917 --> 01:18:04,554 KALGT AND TRANSMISSION TO HUMANS 2115 01:18:04,554 --> 01:18:06,523 GOT OUR ATTENTION. 2116 01:18:06,523 --> 01:18:08,091 WE REALLY ESSENTIALLY 2117 01:18:08,091 --> 01:18:09,459 IMMEDIATELY PIVOTED TO CAN HOW 2118 01:18:09,459 --> 01:18:11,995 COULD WE TRIBUTE TO NIAID'S 2119 01:18:11,995 --> 01:18:14,798 RESPONSE TO THIS DEVELOPMENT. 2120 01:18:14,798 --> 01:18:18,435 AND IN THOSE VERY EARLY DAYS, 2121 01:18:18,435 --> 01:18:21,171 AND THE ABILITY TO GET YOUR 2122 01:18:21,171 --> 01:18:23,573 HANDS ON A SAMPLE OF SOMEONE WHO 2123 01:18:23,573 --> 01:18:26,209 HAD SEEN THIS CONTEMPORARY H5 2124 01:18:26,209 --> 01:18:26,810 SEQUENCE CIRCULULATE NOTHING 2125 01:18:26,810 --> 01:18:30,947 KALGT WAS VERY LIMITED. 2126 01:18:30,947 --> 01:18:33,083 SO WE WENT BACK TO THE FIRST OF 2127 01:18:33,083 --> 01:18:34,584 WHAT THE VRC HAS DONE IN 2128 01:18:34,584 --> 01:18:36,219 CLINICAL TRIALS AND ALL THE WAY 2129 01:18:36,219 --> 01:18:38,021 BACK TO 2010 WHERE THE VRC HAS 2130 01:18:38,021 --> 01:18:40,290 DONE A CLINICAL TRIAL OF AN 2131 01:18:40,290 --> 01:18:42,659 HPIEF DNA VACCINE THAT WAS THEN 2132 01:18:42,659 --> 01:18:46,530 HOSTED BY ENCATALOGIVATED H5 2133 01:18:46,530 --> 01:18:48,932 VIRUS, AND WHAT WE JUST WANT TO 2134 01:18:48,932 --> 01:18:50,701 ACKNOWLEDGE IS COULD WE GO BACK 2135 01:18:50,701 --> 01:18:52,202 14 YEARS AND FIND B-CELLS IN 2136 01:18:52,202 --> 01:18:53,937 THESE PEOPLE THAT WOULD MAKE 2137 01:18:53,937 --> 01:18:55,572 ANTIBODIES THAT WOULD SEE THE 2138 01:18:55,572 --> 01:18:57,507 VIRUS THAT'S IN CATTLE TODAY. 2139 01:18:57,507 --> 01:18:59,810 WE ALSO HAD THIS COOL THING 2140 01:18:59,810 --> 01:19:01,545 ABOUT DOING CLINICAL TRIALS WE 2141 01:19:01,545 --> 01:19:03,213 HAD 1 VOLUNTEER WHO HAD COME 2142 01:19:03,213 --> 01:19:04,915 BACK AND PARTICIPATED IN ANOTHER 2143 01:19:04,915 --> 01:19:07,784 TRIAL OF A DIFFERENT CONCEPT, 2144 01:19:07,784 --> 01:19:10,320 OUR MOSAIC PLATFORM WHICH IS THE 2145 01:19:10,320 --> 01:19:11,354 SPIKY ANTIGEN STRECTURE AND WE 2146 01:19:11,354 --> 01:19:12,923 HAD DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT HAD 2147 01:19:12,923 --> 01:19:13,657 DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE ASKS IT 2148 01:19:13,657 --> 01:19:16,193 TURNS OUT THAT SARAH ANDREWS WHO 2149 01:19:16,193 --> 01:19:17,728 I JUST INTRODUCED HAS LED THIS 2150 01:19:17,728 --> 01:19:21,898 EFFORT TO IDENTIFY THE B-CELLS 2151 01:19:21,898 --> 01:19:24,601 THAT MAKE THESE H5 2024 REACTIVE 2152 01:19:24,601 --> 01:19:24,901 ANTIBODIES. 2153 01:19:24,901 --> 01:19:26,703 AND THIS IS A PROJECT THAT'S 2154 01:19:26,703 --> 01:19:27,637 STILL ONGOING BUT WHAT I CAN 2155 01:19:27,637 --> 01:19:29,639 SHARE WITH YOU IS THAT WE 2156 01:19:29,639 --> 01:19:31,508 SUCCESSFUL IN E DENTIFYING 2157 01:19:31,508 --> 01:19:32,409 B-CELLS THAT MADE ANTIBODIES 2158 01:19:32,409 --> 01:19:35,312 THAT COULD SEE THIS 2024 VIRUS, 2159 01:19:35,312 --> 01:19:37,080 THE ANTIBODIES ENCODED BY THOSE 2160 01:19:37,080 --> 01:19:42,486 B-CELLS CAN QUITE POTENTLY 2161 01:19:42,486 --> 01:19:43,053 NEUTRALIZE H5 CONTEMPORARY 2162 01:19:43,053 --> 01:19:45,922 STRAINS AND WE ARE NOW LOOKING 2163 01:19:45,922 --> 01:19:48,625 FORWARD TO TESTING THE ACTIVITY 2164 01:19:48,625 --> 01:19:49,326 OF THOSE ANTIBODIES IN 2165 01:19:49,326 --> 01:19:55,866 COLLABORATION WITH OUR CLOAGS IN 2166 01:19:55,866 --> 01:20:01,772 PITTSBURGH THAT 1 OF THE 2167 01:20:01,772 --> 01:20:02,305 ORIGINAL BIOLABORATORIES. 2168 01:20:02,305 --> 01:20:06,443 THE ABILITY TO DO THIS WAS QUITE 2169 01:20:06,443 --> 01:20:09,479 LARGE, [INDISCERNIBLE], WE 2170 01:20:09,479 --> 01:20:10,313 LEVERAGED OUR TEAMS, 2171 01:20:10,313 --> 01:20:11,715 [INDISCERNIBLE] IS DOING THE 2172 01:20:11,715 --> 01:20:14,417 SEQUENCING TO TO HELP US 2173 01:20:14,417 --> 01:20:16,019 UNDERSTAND THE DIVERSIFICATION 2174 01:20:16,019 --> 01:20:18,288 AND ADAPTIFICATION OF H5 AND 2175 01:20:18,288 --> 01:20:19,389 THEN [INDISCERNIBLE]'S GROUP IS 2176 01:20:19,389 --> 01:20:21,458 WORKED ON STRUCTURES OF THOSE 2177 01:20:21,458 --> 01:20:23,860 ANTIBODIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY 2178 01:20:23,860 --> 01:20:24,027 H5. 2179 01:20:24,027 --> 01:20:26,630 AT THE END I WANT TO TELL YOU 2180 01:20:26,630 --> 01:20:29,232 ABOUT COVID TODAY COMING FROM 2181 01:20:29,232 --> 01:20:30,767 BOB CEDARS LAB AND 2182 01:20:30,767 --> 01:20:31,902 [INDISCERNIBLE] LABORATORY AND A 2183 01:20:31,902 --> 01:20:33,837 COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE 2 AND 2184 01:20:33,837 --> 01:20:36,039 WHAT THEY WERE TRYING TO 2185 01:20:36,039 --> 01:20:38,074 HAPPENED AS JEANNE MENTIONED, 2186 01:20:38,074 --> 01:20:40,043 SHE SAID COVID'S NOT GOING AWAY 2187 01:20:40,043 --> 01:20:42,679 AND THAT'S BECAUSE WHILE WE HAVE 2188 01:20:42,679 --> 01:20:46,883 A TREMENDOUS VACCINE TO PREVENT 2189 01:20:46,883 --> 01:20:48,552 SEVERE ILLNESS, HOSPITALIZATION, 2190 01:20:48,552 --> 01:20:50,620 AND DEATH, THE VACCINES DO NOT 2191 01:20:50,620 --> 01:20:51,655 PREVENT ACQUISITION OF THE 2192 01:20:51,655 --> 01:20:53,089 VIRUS, AND THEY WERE INTERESTED 2193 01:20:53,089 --> 01:20:56,726 IN STRATEGIES BY WHICH YOU COULD 2194 01:20:56,726 --> 01:20:57,861 DESIGN BOOSTING REGIMENS TO DO 2195 01:20:57,861 --> 01:20:59,896 THAT, SO THIS WAS THEIR 2196 01:20:59,896 --> 01:21:02,566 EXPERIMENT, TARTED LONG AGO, 2197 01:21:02,566 --> 01:21:03,967 WHERE NONHUMAN PRIMATES WERE 2198 01:21:03,967 --> 01:21:05,802 IMMUNIZED WITH WHAT WE WERE 2199 01:21:05,802 --> 01:21:16,313 GETTING, 2 DOSES, OF 1273 FROM 2200 01:21:16,313 --> 01:21:17,914 [INDISCERNIBLE] AT WEEK 32 THEY 2201 01:21:17,914 --> 01:21:19,783 GOT A BOOST, AND THAT WAS THE 2202 01:21:19,783 --> 01:21:22,519 MRNA AVAILABLE TO US AS THE 2203 01:21:22,519 --> 01:21:25,488 STANDARD OF CARE OR THE ANIMALS 2204 01:21:25,488 --> 01:21:28,792 WERE BOOSTED WITH A CHIMP-ADD 2205 01:21:28,792 --> 01:21:30,493 VECTOR SPIKE THAT WAS DISEVERRED 2206 01:21:30,493 --> 01:21:33,997 BY AN INTRA NAISAL SPRAYER THAT 2207 01:21:33,997 --> 01:21:36,199 DELIVERED IT TO THE UPPER 2208 01:21:36,199 --> 01:21:42,272 RESPIRATORY TRACT OR BY A 2209 01:21:42,272 --> 01:21:43,006 NEBALIZER THAT PUSHED THIS 2210 01:21:43,006 --> 01:21:46,676 VECTOR INTO THE UPPER AND LOWER 2211 01:21:46,676 --> 01:21:47,444 RESPIRATORY TRACT. 2212 01:21:47,444 --> 01:21:49,246 THE VECTOR IN THIS CASE IS 2213 01:21:49,246 --> 01:21:50,447 DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL DIAMOND'S 2214 01:21:50,447 --> 01:21:53,016 BROWP AND PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT 2215 01:21:53,016 --> 01:21:54,351 ROLE IN THIS COLLABORATION, THIS 2216 01:21:54,351 --> 01:21:58,755 ROLE WAS JUST TO GIVE NIGH EVE 2217 01:21:58,755 --> 01:22:00,323 AND HPs THE CHIMP-ADD. 2218 01:22:00,323 --> 01:22:06,196 AND WHAT THEY DISCOVERED IS THAT 2219 01:22:06,196 --> 01:22:08,932 INTRA NASAL DELIVERY FOR THIS 2220 01:22:08,932 --> 01:22:10,700 ANTIGEN, 4 TO 5 MONTHS LATER 2221 01:22:10,700 --> 01:22:13,536 WHEN ANIMALS WERE CHALLENGED 2222 01:22:13,536 --> 01:22:16,606 WITH THE HETEROLOGOUS VARIANT SO 2223 01:22:16,606 --> 01:22:18,475 THE NEWEL EMERGED XPV, THE 2224 01:22:18,475 --> 01:22:20,110 NEWEST VIRUS THAT WAS 2225 01:22:20,110 --> 01:22:22,512 CIRCULATING SO THISSA SAYS THAT 2226 01:22:22,512 --> 01:22:23,213 ELICITING AN ANTIBODY RESPONSE 2227 01:22:23,213 --> 01:22:25,315 AND THIS WAS AN IGA DRIIVE 2228 01:22:25,315 --> 01:22:31,121 RESPONSE TO THE RIGHT ADDRESS 2229 01:22:31,121 --> 01:22:33,156 PROVIDED A POSSIBILITY OF 2230 01:22:33,156 --> 01:22:34,891 CONTROLLING ACQUISITION OF THE 2231 01:22:34,891 --> 01:22:36,760 VIRUS AND POTENTIALLY 2232 01:22:36,760 --> 01:22:37,627 TRANSMISSION, [INDISCERNIBLE], 2233 01:22:37,627 --> 01:22:41,364 SO THIS IS AN AREA OF SCIENCE 2234 01:22:41,364 --> 01:22:43,099 THAT IS OF CONSIDERABLE INTEREST 2235 01:22:43,099 --> 01:22:45,802 TO US NOT ONLY FOR OUR THINKING 2236 01:22:45,802 --> 01:22:49,806 ABOUT COVID BUT ALSO OUR ENTIRE 2237 01:22:49,806 --> 01:22:54,177 PORTFOLIO OF RESPIRATORY 2238 01:22:54,177 --> 01:22:54,444 PATHOGENS. 2239 01:22:54,444 --> 01:22:56,880 LAST BIT I WANT TO GIVE YOU AN 2240 01:22:56,880 --> 01:22:58,982 UPDATE ON MALARIA. 2241 01:22:58,982 --> 01:23:01,651 SO BOB CEDAR'S TEAM HAS BEEN 2242 01:23:01,651 --> 01:23:02,452 INTERESTED IN ANTIMALARIAL 2243 01:23:02,452 --> 01:23:05,055 ANTIBODIES FOR SOMETIME AND 2244 01:23:05,055 --> 01:23:07,557 THAT'S BECAUSE THERE IS A REAL 2245 01:23:07,557 --> 01:23:09,359 INTERESTING TARGET OF 2246 01:23:09,359 --> 01:23:10,293 OPPORTUNITY FOR ANTIBODIES IN 2247 01:23:10,293 --> 01:23:13,296 TERMS OF THEIR ABILITY TO BLOCK 2248 01:23:13,296 --> 01:23:15,465 THE INFECTION CYCLE SO BOB'S 2249 01:23:15,465 --> 01:23:18,635 TEAMI DENTIFY ASPECT BODY 2250 01:23:18,635 --> 01:23:20,270 AGAINST A PROTEIN FOR THE 2251 01:23:20,270 --> 01:23:25,241 PROSEEN CSP, THIS IS THE PROTEIN 2252 01:23:25,241 --> 01:23:25,709 THAT DECORATES THIS. 2253 01:23:25,709 --> 01:23:27,978 WHEN IT IS INJECTED INTO THE 2254 01:23:27,978 --> 01:23:29,913 HOST IT HAS A PRETTY--IT DOES SO 2255 01:23:29,913 --> 01:23:31,982 IN A PRETTY SMALL NUMBER OF 2256 01:23:31,982 --> 01:23:33,483 PARASITES AND WHAT YOU HAVE TO 2257 01:23:33,483 --> 01:23:34,551 DO IS JUST PREVENT THEM FROM 2258 01:23:34,551 --> 01:23:38,188 GETTING TO THE LIVER WHERE THEN 2259 01:23:38,188 --> 01:23:39,155 THEY REPLICATE GREATLY. 2260 01:23:39,155 --> 01:23:41,524 AND IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES, IT 2261 01:23:41,524 --> 01:23:42,692 BECAME VERY CLEAR THAT 2262 01:23:42,692 --> 01:23:44,094 ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE CSP 2263 01:23:44,094 --> 01:23:50,633 PROTEIN HAD THE ABILITY TO DO 2264 01:23:50,633 --> 01:23:52,602 THAT SO BOB'S TEAM COMBINE 2265 01:23:52,602 --> 01:23:53,837 DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES ON THE CSP 2266 01:23:53,837 --> 01:23:55,972 AND MANY OF THE GOOD 1S BIND 2267 01:23:55,972 --> 01:23:57,574 THESE REPEAT REGIONS THAT ARE IN 2268 01:23:57,574 --> 01:24:01,978 THE MITSD OF THAT CSP DIAGRAM ON 2269 01:24:01,978 --> 01:24:02,545 THE TOP. 2270 01:24:02,545 --> 01:24:09,252 TWO OF THOSE ANTIBODIES WE 2271 01:24:09,252 --> 01:24:10,620 TESTED CLINICALLY, CALLED L9 AND 2272 01:24:10,620 --> 01:24:12,322 LS, IT IS A TERRIFIC PROJECT 2273 01:24:12,322 --> 01:24:13,523 BECAUSE IT IS A COLLABORATION 2274 01:24:13,523 --> 01:24:18,294 BETWEEN BOB AT THE VRC, PETER 2275 01:24:18,294 --> 01:24:20,530 KRO. TON IS THE DIR AND THE 2276 01:24:20,530 --> 01:24:21,998 REGULATORY TEAM OF THE DCR AND 2277 01:24:21,998 --> 01:24:23,433 WHAT THE TODAY S&P A STUDY TO 2278 01:24:23,433 --> 01:24:27,771 SEE IF YOU CAN PREVENT SEASONAL 2279 01:24:27,771 --> 01:24:29,406 TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA IN 2280 01:24:29,406 --> 01:24:32,909 CHILDREN 6-10 YEARS OLD BY A 2281 01:24:32,909 --> 01:24:34,310 SINGLE SUBCUTANEOUS DOSE OF THIS 2282 01:24:34,310 --> 01:24:36,479 ANTIBODY PRIOR TO SEASONAL 2283 01:24:36,479 --> 01:24:37,580 TRANSMISSION. 2284 01:24:37,580 --> 01:24:41,785 QUHA THEY DISCOVERED IS YOU CAN, 2285 01:24:41,785 --> 01:24:48,425 SUBSTANTIALLY 77% PROTECTION IN 2286 01:24:48,425 --> 01:24:51,528 THE FIELD IN A MONOCLONAL 2287 01:24:51,528 --> 01:24:52,962 ANTIBODY THAT WILL PREVENT THE 2288 01:24:52,962 --> 01:24:54,831 ACQUISITION OF INFECTION OR 2289 01:24:54,831 --> 01:24:56,833 CLINICAL MALARIA ON THE VIET 2290 01:24:56,833 --> 01:24:57,233 RESPECTIVELY. 2291 01:24:57,233 --> 01:24:59,002 SO THIS IS YET ANOTHER PIECE OF 2292 01:24:59,002 --> 01:25:01,504 CLINICAL INFORMATION THAT 2293 01:25:01,504 --> 01:25:04,874 SUGGESTS THAT THIS STRATEGY FOR 2294 01:25:04,874 --> 01:25:06,242 PREVENTION IS ATTRACTIVE AND 2295 01:25:06,242 --> 01:25:10,313 COULD HAVE A PLACE IN THE 2296 01:25:10,313 --> 01:25:13,783 MULTIPLE AVENUES FOR PREVENTING 2297 01:25:13,783 --> 01:25:14,851 AND LIMITING MALARIA IN THE 2298 01:25:14,851 --> 01:25:15,118 FIELD. 2299 01:25:15,118 --> 01:25:17,520 SO BOB'S TEAM IS CURRENTLY 2300 01:25:17,520 --> 01:25:19,122 WORKING WITH OUR COLLEAGUES TO 2301 01:25:19,122 --> 01:25:21,024 DO ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS TO 2302 01:25:21,024 --> 01:25:22,625 PROVIDE ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR 2303 01:25:22,625 --> 01:25:24,694 THE NUMEROUS CASE USES THAT YOU 2304 01:25:24,694 --> 01:25:25,862 CAN IMAGINE USING AN ANTIBODY IN 2305 01:25:25,862 --> 01:25:28,998 THE FIELD AND THAT INCLUDES 2306 01:25:28,998 --> 01:25:30,700 PROVIDING VULNERABLE POPULATIONS 2307 01:25:30,700 --> 01:25:31,801 AND INDEMMIC REGIONS AND 2308 01:25:31,801 --> 01:25:33,103 TRAVELERS AND USE IN PREGNANCY 2309 01:25:33,103 --> 01:25:36,606 AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO SOME OF 2310 01:25:36,606 --> 01:25:38,208 THESE TRIALS ARE ONGOING, SOME 2311 01:25:38,208 --> 01:25:40,210 OF THESE TRIALS WILL WATCH THIS 2312 01:25:40,210 --> 01:25:40,677 YEAR. 2313 01:25:40,677 --> 01:25:42,579 BUT OUR INVESTMENT IN THIS SPACE 2314 01:25:42,579 --> 01:25:45,248 IS BECAUSE DESPITE THE PROMISING 2315 01:25:45,248 --> 01:25:46,483 AND REALLY PROMISING ACTIVITIES 2316 01:25:46,483 --> 01:25:51,488 RESULTS FROM RECENT TRIALS OF 2317 01:25:51,488 --> 01:25:54,424 VACCINES AND SINCE THE EFFICACY 2318 01:25:54,424 --> 01:25:56,359 OF CHEMO PREVENTION FROM 2319 01:25:56,359 --> 01:25:58,595 MALARIA, WE SEE THERE IS A PLACE 2320 01:25:58,595 --> 01:25:59,896 FOR ANTIBODIES BECAUSE IF 2321 01:25:59,896 --> 01:26:02,198 CONTRAST TO VACCINES A SINGLE 2322 01:26:02,198 --> 01:26:04,267 DOSE OF AN ANTIBODY PROVIDES 2323 01:26:04,267 --> 01:26:08,171 IMMEDIATE PROTECTION OVER 2324 01:26:08,171 --> 01:26:09,439 PREDICTABLE TIME PERIOD. 2325 01:26:09,439 --> 01:26:11,741 MOAN O CLONAL ANTIBODIES ARE 2326 01:26:11,741 --> 01:26:15,278 EXPECTED TO WORK ACROSS ALL AGES 2327 01:26:15,278 --> 01:26:15,979 AND PROVIDE STERILEAISING 2328 01:26:15,979 --> 01:26:18,081 PATHOGEN BECAUSE HAD HAS AN 2329 01:26:18,081 --> 01:26:19,549 OPPORTUNITY TO AMPLIFY THE LIST 2330 01:26:19,549 --> 01:26:21,417 AND CONTRAST TO DRUGS BA UNITED 2331 01:26:21,417 --> 01:26:27,157 STATES A TARGET OF THE ANTIBODY 2332 01:26:27,157 --> 01:26:32,595 IS ON THE CSP PROTEIN THAT IS A 2333 01:26:32,595 --> 01:26:34,397 SORT OF PREREPLICATIVE STAGE. 2334 01:26:34,397 --> 01:26:36,366 IT'S NOT EXPECTED TO SELECT FOR 2335 01:26:36,366 --> 01:26:38,201 RESISTANCE OF STRAINS AND 2336 01:26:38,201 --> 01:26:40,370 ANTIBODIES WILL GENERALLY BE USE 2337 01:26:40,370 --> 01:26:42,872 IN PREGNANCY WHICH WOULD ALLOW 2338 01:26:42,872 --> 01:26:45,742 YOU TO DEPLOY ANTIBODIES AS MASS 2339 01:26:45,742 --> 01:26:46,543 CAMPAIGNS AS REQUIRED. 2340 01:26:46,543 --> 01:26:48,211 SO COST IS REALLY THE OBSTACLE 2341 01:26:48,211 --> 01:26:50,480 AND WE ARE WORKING TO SOLVE THE 2342 01:26:50,480 --> 01:26:54,250 PROBLEMS FOR I. ELEMENTATION OF 2343 01:26:54,250 --> 01:26:55,652 THIS INCLUDING PROCESS 2344 01:26:55,652 --> 01:26:59,556 DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS TO REDUCE 2345 01:26:59,556 --> 01:27:01,090 THE COST OF THIS SO THAT'S IT. 2346 01:27:01,090 --> 01:27:02,292 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE 2347 01:27:02,292 --> 01:27:03,793 MEMBERS OF MY TEAM. 2348 01:27:03,793 --> 01:27:05,428 THE DIVISION OF COLLEAGUES AND 2349 01:27:05,428 --> 01:27:06,262 DIRECTOR AND LEADERSHIP FOR 2350 01:27:06,262 --> 01:27:08,064 THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS AND 2351 01:27:08,064 --> 01:27:18,575 SUPPORTIVE VRC, AND OUR SIFTS 2352 01:28:00,483 --> 01:28:10,426 TRAININGS ANY QUESTIONS? 2353 01:28:10,426 --> 01:28:13,096 >> DO WE HAVE TIME? 2354 01:28:13,096 --> 01:28:13,396 >> QUICK. 2355 01:28:13,396 --> 01:28:15,198 >> OKAY. 2356 01:28:15,198 --> 01:28:18,468 >> I WANT TO ASK YOU MENTIONED 2357 01:28:18,468 --> 01:28:21,037 COST AS A MAIN OBSTACLE TO 2358 01:28:21,037 --> 01:28:22,438 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND 2359 01:28:22,438 --> 01:28:23,506 DESPITE OTHER ADVANTAGES WHICH 2360 01:28:23,506 --> 01:28:24,807 IS REALLY INTERESTING, I WAS 2361 01:28:24,807 --> 01:28:26,943 WONDERING IF, I THINK IN THE 2362 01:28:26,943 --> 01:28:27,944 RSV, CASE, RIGHT? 2363 01:28:27,944 --> 01:28:30,580 THERE ARE LOTS OF OTHER 2364 01:28:30,580 --> 01:28:32,548 OBSTACLES THAT HAVE SHOWN UP, SO 2365 01:28:32,548 --> 01:28:33,716 I WAS WONDERING WHAT YOU THINK 2366 01:28:33,716 --> 01:28:36,419 THE ROLE MIGHT BE FOR 2367 01:28:36,419 --> 01:28:37,053 IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 2368 01:28:37,053 --> 01:28:38,821 TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THE OBSTACLES 2369 01:28:38,821 --> 01:28:41,257 ARE TO THAT? 2370 01:28:41,257 --> 01:28:42,091 >> YEAH, THANK YOU. 2371 01:28:42,091 --> 01:28:47,096 WE AGREE THAT THERE ARE MANY 2372 01:28:47,096 --> 01:28:47,797 IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS AND 2373 01:28:47,797 --> 01:28:50,433 THINGS TO ADDRESS AS YOU THINK 2374 01:28:50,433 --> 01:28:54,737 ABOUT BRINGING A MONOCLONAL INTO 2375 01:28:54,737 --> 01:28:59,809 A LMIC FOR EXAMPLE, ON B, WE 2376 01:28:59,809 --> 01:29:02,545 HAVE A COLLABORATION WITH MMV TO 2377 01:29:02,545 --> 01:29:04,380 START THINKING THROUGH AND 2378 01:29:04,380 --> 01:29:11,020 ADDRESSING THOSE ISSUES AS WE 2379 01:29:11,020 --> 01:29:12,322 WORK TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION. 2380 01:29:12,322 --> 01:29:13,556 BUT THE TRUTH IS WHAT WE NEED TO 2381 01:29:13,556 --> 01:29:15,491 DO IS GET AN ANTIBODY WHICH 2382 01:29:15,491 --> 01:29:16,926 RIGHT NOW WOULD COST BETWEEN 5 2383 01:29:16,926 --> 01:29:18,728 AND TEN DOLLARS A DOSE TO 2384 01:29:18,728 --> 01:29:20,830 ARRANGE WHERE IT WOULD BE--TO A 2385 01:29:20,830 --> 01:29:22,799 RAINCHL WHERE IT WOULD BE 2386 01:29:22,799 --> 01:29:24,033 ATTRACTIVE IN POPULATIONS WHERE 2387 01:29:24,033 --> 01:29:28,471 THAT IS A PRETTY BIG OBSTACLE 2388 01:29:28,471 --> 01:29:29,539 FOR A NEW PATIENT. 2389 01:29:29,539 --> 01:29:31,007 THERE'S NOT 1 PROBLEM, I WOULD 2390 01:29:31,007 --> 01:29:32,742 SAY, BUT IF WE CAN'T SOLVE THAT 2391 01:29:32,742 --> 01:29:34,177 1 THEN WE'RE NOT IN THE 2392 01:29:34,177 --> 01:29:34,544 DISCUSSION. 2393 01:29:34,544 --> 01:29:37,747 THANKS FOR THE QUESTION. 2394 01:29:37,747 --> 01:29:47,747 THANKS TED, THAT WAS TERRIFIC.