1 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:08,320 >>WELCOME TO THE OPEN 2 00:00:08,320 --> 00:00:10,160 SESSION OF THE 201 MEETING OF 3 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:11,080 THE COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL 4 00:00:11,080 --> 00:00:14,960 INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND 5 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:16,200 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 6 00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:17,520 WE ARE JOINED BY REPRESENTATIVES 7 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:21,440 FROM PROFESSIONAL AND LAY 8 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:23,360 ORGANIZATIONS WHO SHARE 9 00:00:23,360 --> 00:00:24,640 ACTIVITIES IN COMMON WITH THE 10 00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:25,800 INSTITUTE AND WE WELCOME THEM. 11 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:28,000 I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME THREE AD 12 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,400 HOC MEMBERS WHO ARE JOINING US 13 00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:31,280 TODAY. 14 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:33,200 Dr. JAMES GERN, CHIEF OF THE 15 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:35,960 DIVISION OF ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY 16 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:37,520 AND VICE-CHAIR OF RESEARCH IN 17 00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:42,400 THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS AT 18 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:43,560 UNIVERSITY OF WES CON SIN AND 19 00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:47,880 Dr. CAROLE OBER FROM THE 20 00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:49,920 DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GENETICS AT 21 00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:51,720 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND 22 00:00:51,720 --> 00:00:55,000 Dr. MATTHEW ATHMAN FROM THE 23 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:56,120 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, DIVISION 24 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:58,120 OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS 25 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:02,400 DISEASES AND HEAD OF THE ALLERGY 26 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:02,600 SECTION. 27 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:05,960 AND ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST IN THE 28 00:01:05,960 --> 00:01:07,440 RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT THE 29 00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:10,920 VIRGINIA MAYSON MEDICAL CENTER 30 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:12,040 IN SEATTLE. 31 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:14,200 WE'RE DELIGHTED TO HAVE THEM 32 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:15,080 WITH US TODAY. 33 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:16,560 THE FIRST ITEM OF BUSINESS IS 34 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:17,520 APPROVE THE MINUTES FROM THE 35 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:18,680 LAST MEETING. 36 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:20,880 YOU SHOULD ALREADY HAVE BEEN 37 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:22,160 SEEN A COPY OF THE MINUTES IN 38 00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:24,600 THE ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK. 39 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:25,920 ARE THERE ANY CORRECT TO THE 40 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:26,640 MINUTES? 41 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:27,640 DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS 42 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:29,080 OR CONCERNS ABOUT THE CONCEPTS 43 00:01:29,080 --> 00:01:31,680 PRESENTED IN THE PREVIOUS 44 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,720 MEETING? 45 00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:35,680 IF NOT, MAY I HAVE A MOTION FOR 46 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:36,200 APPROVAL? 47 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:38,440 IS THERE A SECOND? 48 00:01:38,440 --> 00:01:38,920 >> AYE. 49 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:41,640 >> ALL IN FAVOR OF THE MINUTES 50 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:42,360 SAY AYE. 51 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:45,200 ANY OPPOSED? 52 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:49,920 THE MINUTES STAND AS APPROVED. 53 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:51,880 I WILL TELL YOU ABOUT SEVERAL 54 00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:53,360 APPOINTMENTS AND TRANSITIONS 55 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:54,360 THAT OCCURRED SINCE THE LAST 56 00:01:54,360 --> 00:01:56,200 COUNCIL MEETING. 57 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:57,920 ON FEBRUARY 28th, THE SENATE 58 00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:00,760 VOTED TO CONFIRM Dr. ROBERT 59 00:02:00,760 --> 00:02:05,000 ROB CALIFF AS FDA COMMISSIONER. 60 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:08,920 HE IS A LEADING EXPERT HEALTH 61 00:02:08,920 --> 00:02:11,800 DIS AARTI, EQUALITY AND 62 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:13,280 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE. 63 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:16,360 HE SERVED AS FDA COMMISSIONER 64 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:19,240 FROM 2017 TO 2017 AND IS BEEN A 65 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:21,360 LONG-TERM PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE 66 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:23,720 AT THE DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF 67 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:24,200 MEDICINE. 68 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:26,480 WITH ROB'S CONFIRMATION, THE KEY 69 00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:30,240 HHS LEADERS, WITH WHOM WE INTER 70 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,920 AGENT ARE NOW IN PLACE. 71 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:41,200 JAVIER BASARA AND PALM DEPUTY 72 00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:46,200 SECRETARY AND MURTHY SURGEON 73 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:47,560 GENERAL, DAWN OWE CON HE WILL, 74 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:51,240 ROB AS FDA COMMISSIONER AND 75 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:56,880 Dr. WALENSKY AS CDC DIRECTOR. 76 00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:58,360 DR. TABAK IS ACTING NIH DIRECTOR 77 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:00,040 AS THE SEARCH FOR A PERMANENT 78 00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:04,840 NIH DIRECTOR CONTINUES. 79 00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:10,920 AT THE WHITE HOUSE, Dr. JA 80 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:13,400 HUAWEI HAS HELD THE COORDINATE. 81 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:14,680 BEFORE HIS APPOINTMENT TO THE 82 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,600 WHITE HOUSE, HE WAS DEAN OF THE 83 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:18,200 BROWN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC-HEALTH 84 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:20,440 AND PROFESSOR OF HEALTH POLICY 85 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:22,960 AND PRACTICE AND JEFF DID AN 86 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:25,280 EXTRAORDINARY JOB AS THE 87 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:28,080 COVID-19 RESPONSE COORDINATOR 88 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:30,800 AND ASHISH PICKED OFF WHERE HE 89 00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,280 LEFT OFF AND BRINGS HEALTH AND 90 00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:36,360 COMMUNICATION SKILLS TO THE JOB. 91 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:39,280 AT THE END OF THE LAST MOT, ASK 92 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:42,520 BACERRA ANNOUNCED THE FORMAL 93 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:44,000 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RESEARCH 94 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:48,880 PROJECT FOR HELP OR AARPA-H. 95 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:50,440 AS WELL AS THE APPOINTMENT OF 96 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:53,000 Dr. ADAM RUSSELL AS ACTING 97 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:54,600 DEPUTY DIRECTOR. 98 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,440 MOST RECENTLY, Dr. RUSSELL WAS 99 00:03:57,440 --> 00:03:58,480 THE CHIEF SCIENTIST OF THE 100 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:00,960 UNIVERSITY OF MAR LAND APPLIED 101 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:01,800 RESEARCH LABORATORY FOR IN TELL 102 00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:03,880 AGAINST AND SECURITY. 103 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:05,840 BEFORE THAT, HE SPENT MORE THAN 104 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:07,800 A DECADE AS PROGRAM MANAGER AT 105 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:09,400 THE INTELLIGENCE ADVANCE 106 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:12,000 RESEARCH PROJECTIVE TEE AND AT 107 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:14,760 THE DEFENSE ADVANCE RESEARCH 108 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:17,640 PROJECT AGENCY OR DAPR. 109 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:22,600 I WILL SAY MORE ABOUT ARPA-H AND 110 00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:24,200 THE BUDGET SECTION OF MY 111 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:24,800 REMARKS. 112 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:27,000 IN APRIL, Dr. NIPSHAW STEPPED 113 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:28,800 DOWN AS THE DIRECTOR A POSITION 114 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:32,960 HE HAS HELL SINCE 2017. 115 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:36,840 NCI PRINCIPLE DEPUTY DIRECTOR IS 116 00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:40,320 SERVING AS NCI WHILE THE SEARCH 117 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:41,680 FOR A PERMANENT DIRECTING. 118 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:48,560 >> RepPERM DIRECTOR.DOUG AS THEM 119 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:54,200 APRIL 2015 TO OCTOBER 2017. 120 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:56,760 FOLLOWING THE RESIGNATION OF 121 00:04:56,760 --> 00:04:58,640 Dr. VAUGHN AND IN 2019 WHILE 122 00:04:58,640 --> 00:04:59,840 NED SERVED AS ACTING 123 00:04:59,840 --> 00:05:03,560 COMMISSIONER, OF THE FDA. 124 00:05:03,560 --> 00:05:06,240 IN APRIL, Dr. JOHN MA COLA 125 00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:07,560 RETIRED AS DIRECTOR OF OUR 126 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:11,200 VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER AND 127 00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:14,040 CHIEF OF THE VCR VIROLOGY 128 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:14,640 LABORATORY. 129 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:21,760 JOIN JOINED THE VRC IN 2000. 130 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:23,520 HE DEVELOPED VACCINE RESEARCH 131 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:25,320 FOR DISEASES OF PUBLIC-HEALTH 132 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:29,120 IMPORTANCE, INCLUDING HIV, 133 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:32,720 INFLUENZA, EBOLA, MALARIA AND 134 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:34,120 COVID-19 AND DISCOVERED IN 135 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:37,480 DEVELOPED NUMEROUS HIV BROADLY 136 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:38,920 REACTIVE ANTIBODIES CURRENTLY 137 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:40,520 BEING STUDIED FOR HIV PREVENTION 138 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:43,640 AND THERAPY. 139 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:51,720 Dr. RICK K OUTAOUAIS KOUP. 140 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:55,960 HE IS THE CHIEF OF THE VRC 141 00:05:55,960 --> 00:05:58,160 IMMUNE GEE LAB AND SERVED AS 142 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:02,760 DIRECTOR OF THE VRC SINCE 2013. 143 00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:04,960 Dr. JULIE LEDGEWOOD AND CHIEF 144 00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:07,280 MEDICAL OFFICER ALSO HAS 145 00:06:07,280 --> 00:06:08,240 DEPARTED. 146 00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:09,680 JULIE LED NUMEROUS CLINICAL 147 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:11,320 TRIALS AND CLINICAL 148 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:13,040 COLLABORATIONS FOR THE VRC AND 149 00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:15,880 SHE SERVED AS PRINCIPLE 150 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,160 INVESTIGATIVE PROTOCOL CHAIR OR 151 00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:20,760 ASSOCIATED INVESTIGATOR FOR MORE 152 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:23,040 THAN 60 PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 153 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:24,880 CLINICAL TRIALS STUDYING 154 00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:28,360 VACCINES AND MONOCLONAL 155 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:31,440 ANTIBODIES FOR HIV, INFLUENZA, 156 00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:36,120 EBOLA, MALARIA, ZIKA, AND NOW 157 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:36,800 COVID-19. 158 00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:39,440 Dr. KARIN BOK IS SERVING AS 159 00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:41,840 THE ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR. 160 00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:44,960 IN ADDITION, KARIN CONTINUES HER 161 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:47,280 ROLE AS VRC DIRECTOR OF PANDEMIC 162 00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:50,840 PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY 163 00:06:50,840 --> 00:06:51,400 RESPONSE. 164 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:56,080 Dr. BOB SEDER IS ACTING CHIEF 165 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:58,320 MEDICAL OFFICER AND ASSOCIATE 166 00:06:58,320 --> 00:06:59,080 DIRECTOR. 167 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:01,360 BOB IS ALSO CHIEF OF THE VRC 168 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:05,080 CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY SECTION. 169 00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:07,960 I AM PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THAT 170 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,040 MARIE PARKA IS NIAID NEW 171 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:12,360 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR SCIENCE 172 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:12,960 MANAGEMENT. 173 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:15,240 MARIE ALSO SERVED AS THE DEPUTY 174 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:16,920 EXECUTIVE OFFICER FOR NIAID. 175 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:18,760 SHE HAS MORE THAN 20 YEARS' 176 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:21,080 EXPERIENCE WORKING AT NIAID. 177 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:23,800 MOST RECENTLY, AS THE ACTING 178 00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:25,720 DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF 179 00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:28,200 STRATEGIC PLANNING. 180 00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:32,200 THROUGH INITIATIVE DEVELOPMENT 181 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:32,480 ANALYSIS. 182 00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:33,880 IN THAT CAPACITY, MARIE PROVIDED 183 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:35,840 LEADERSHIP TO THE PLANNING, 184 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:37,960 EVALUATION, INITIATIVE 185 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:39,600 DEVELOPMENT, PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS 186 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:42,000 AND SCIENTIFIC CODING AND 187 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:45,720 REPORTING ACTIVITIES. 188 00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:48,760 TWO KEY PEOPLE HAVE JOINED MY 189 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:50,240 STAFF IN THE IMMEDIATE OFFICE 190 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:52,160 THE DIRECTOR. 191 00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:54,720 Dr. JANE NICELY SPECIAL 192 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:56,920 ASSISTANT FOR SCIENTIFIC 193 00:07:56,920 --> 00:07:59,520 PROJECTS AND HELPS COORDINATE 194 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:01,960 ASPECTS OF NIAID'S RESPONSE TO 195 00:08:01,960 --> 00:08:06,080 THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 196 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:08,840 FROM 2009 TO 2021, JANE WAS A 197 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:11,840 PROGRAM OFFICER IN THE BACTERIA 198 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:15,200 AND HIGH COL GEE BRANCH OF DIMD 199 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:17,000 WHERE SHE OVERSAW SCIENTIFIC 200 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,280 PROGRAMS RELATED TO ANTIBIOTIC 201 00:08:19,280 --> 00:08:28,200 RESISTANT BACTERIA. 202 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:30,120 Dr. IAN SIMON PROVIDES ADVICE 203 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:31,880 AND EXPERT ANALYSIS ON A WIDE 204 00:08:31,880 --> 00:08:35,040 RANGE OF ISSUES RELATE TODAY 205 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:36,760 EMERGING INFECTION AND PANDEMIC 206 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:38,840 PREPAREDNESS PLANING AND 207 00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:39,120 MANAGEMENT. 208 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:42,960 HE IS THE FORMER ASSIST A ANT DR 209 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:45,840 FOR THE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND 210 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:49,240 TECHNOLOGY POLICY. 211 00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:51,120 Dr. KELLY POE HAS BEEN 212 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,600 APPOINTED DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE 213 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:57,400 NIAID DIVISION OF EXTRAMURAL 214 00:08:57,400 --> 00:08:58,080 ACTIVITIES. 215 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:00,080 A VIROLOGIST BY TRAINING, KELLY 216 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:03,760 JOINED NIAID IN 2011 AS A 217 00:09:03,760 --> 00:09:05,360 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OFFICER. 218 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:08,280 SHE BECAME THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR 219 00:09:08,280 --> 00:09:12,400 OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW PROGRAM 220 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:14,440 IN 2018 AND SERVED AS THE ACTING 221 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:16,560 DEA DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR NINE 222 00:09:16,560 --> 00:09:18,440 MONTHS PRIOR TO HER OFFICIAL 223 00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:23,480 APPOINTMENT IN MARCH. 224 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,040 Dr. JENNIFER MYERS IS THE 225 00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:27,600 DIRECTOR OF NIAID SCIENTIFIC 226 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,440 REVIEW PROGRAM AND IMMUNOLOGIST 227 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:31,840 BY TRAINING, Dr. MYERS JOINED 228 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:34,080 THE PROGRAM AS A SCIENTIFIC 229 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:36,240 REVIEW OFFICER IN 2017 AND 230 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:39,040 BECAME DEPUTY CHIEF THE 231 00:09:39,040 --> 00:09:43,640 IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW BRANCH IN 232 00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:45,360 2021. 233 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:50,120 Dr. PRETI MAYROTRAA OF REVIEW 234 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:50,760 BRANCH A. 235 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:54,000 IN THE NIAID SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 236 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,200 PROGRAM AND IMMUNOLOGIST BY 237 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:00,280 TRAINING, Dr. MEHROTRA JOINED 238 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:04,800 IN 1998 AS A SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 239 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:05,040 OFFICER. 240 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:07,040 SHE WAS BRANCH CHIEF IN THE 241 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:10,480 NIAID SCIENTIFIC REVIEW PROGRAM 242 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:12,240 FOR 15 YEARS AND THEN SHE JOINED 243 00:10:12,240 --> 00:10:14,440 THE AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE 244 00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:15,440 RESEARCH AND QUALITY AS A 245 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:18,120 DIRECTOR OF DIVISION OF 246 00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:19,560 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BEFORE 247 00:10:19,560 --> 00:10:25,360 RETURNING TO NIAID. 248 00:10:25,360 --> 00:10:27,360 Dr. SONIA BEST IS THE NEW 249 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:29,240 CHIEF OF THE INVIRAL DISEASES AT 250 00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:32,200 OUR ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABS. 251 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:34,240 SONIA IS CHIEF OF THE I AM EIGHT 252 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:36,640 IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS IN THE 253 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:38,040 LABORATORY OF VIROLOGY AND 254 00:10:38,040 --> 00:10:39,840 SERVED AS THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF 255 00:10:39,840 --> 00:10:42,160 THAT LABORATORY. 256 00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:44,600 SONIA HAS MADE CONTRIBUTIONS TO 257 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,480 OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE INNATE 258 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,560 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EMERGEING AND 259 00:10:48,560 --> 00:10:54,640 REEMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES 260 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:55,800 BY UNCOVERING NOVEL CELLULAR 261 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,360 PROTEIN INVOLVED IN HOST DEFENSE 262 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:01,400 AGAINST INFECTION. 263 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:02,760 THE MEMBER STATES OF THE WORLD 264 00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:07,160 HEALTH ORGANIZATION HAVE 265 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:09,800 RE-ELECTED Dr. TED ROSE WHO WE 266 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:13,040 ALL KNOW SIMPLY FOR OBVIOUS 267 00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:16,080 REASONS, AS Dr. TEDROS. 268 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:18,080 TO SERVE AS SECOND FIVE-YEAR 269 00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:22,720 TERM, AS DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE 270 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:22,920 W.H.O. 271 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:26,520 WE HAVE HAD MANY POSITIVE 272 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,560 INTERACTIONS WITH TEDROS AND HIS 273 00:11:28,560 --> 00:11:29,320 TEAM. 274 00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:31,120 HE HAS LED W.H.O.'S RESPONSE TO 275 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:32,320 THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC OUTBREAKS 276 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:34,080 OF EBOLA IN THE DEMOCRATIC 277 00:11:34,080 --> 00:11:36,200 REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, AND TO 278 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,280 HELP IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE 279 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:42,160 HUMANITARIAN CRISIS. 280 00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:44,160 BEFORE FIRST BEING APPOINTED, 281 00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:45,760 W.H.O. DIRECTOR GENERAL, HE 282 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:47,400 SERVED AS THE MINISTER OF 283 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:52,880 FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF ETHIOPIA FROM 284 00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:54,280 2012 TO 2016 AND AS THE MINISTER 285 00:11:54,280 --> 00:12:01,760 OF HEALTH OF ETHIOPIA FROM 2005 286 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:02,440 TO 2012. 287 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:05,360 THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, NIAID HOSTS 288 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:06,840 MANY INTERNATIONAL DELEGATIONS 289 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:10,800 WITH WHOM I, AND OTHER NIAID 290 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:11,480 STAFFERS MEET. 291 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,280 THE PAST FIVE MONTHS HAVE BEEN 292 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:14,560 NO EXCEPTION. 293 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:15,800 AS WE HAVE MET WITH 294 00:12:15,800 --> 00:12:17,240 INTERNATIONAL VISITORS FROM 295 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:21,480 EUROPE, AFRICA, ASIA, AND SOUTH 296 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:21,960 AMERICA. 297 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:23,320 THIS SLIDE HIGHLIGHTS A FEW OF 298 00:12:23,320 --> 00:12:25,320 THESE MEETINGS. 299 00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:26,600 AS PICTURED IN THE CENTER OF THE 300 00:12:26,600 --> 00:12:29,920 SLIDE AT THE TOP, I HAVE HAD 301 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:31,720 SEVERAL REGULAR VIRTUAL MEETINGS 302 00:12:31,720 --> 00:12:34,400 WITH THE U.K.'S CHIEF MEDICAL 303 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:36,760 OFFICER PROFESSOR CHRIS WOODY, 304 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:38,440 ALONG WITH THE GOVERNMENT'S 305 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:41,560 CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Dr. 306 00:12:41,560 --> 00:12:45,280 PATRICK SIR PATRICK VERRANCE. 307 00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:47,920 ON THE LOWER LEFT IN FEBRUARY 308 00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:49,760 FIRST, I MET WITH THE VICE 309 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:54,160 PRESIDENT OF H EQUADOR AND THE 310 00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:59,640 MINISTER OF PUBLIC-HEALTH, WE 311 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:01,680 DISCUSSED THE CURRENT COVID-19 312 00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:04,120 SITUATION IN EQUADOR AND SOUTH 313 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:09,200 AMERICA AND POTENTIAL VIRUS MUTS 314 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:12,640 AND THE VARIANTS AND THE 315 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:12,880 VARIANT. 316 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:14,800 WITH LEADERS FROM SEVERAL NIAID 317 00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:16,640 DIVISIONS I MET IN APRIL WITH 318 00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:18,800 THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CAREER 319 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,160 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS 320 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:23,360 DISEASES TO SIGN A LETTER OF 321 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:26,840 INTENT TO ENHANCE COOPERATION 322 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:27,960 WITH SOUTH KOREA ON IMMUNOLOGY 323 00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:30,920 AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 324 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:31,680 RESEARCH. 325 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:33,880 IN MAY, I MET WITH THE ITALIAN 326 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:38,120 MINISTER OF HEALTH ROBERTO HE IS 327 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:40,720 SPERANZA TO DISCUSS COVID-19, 328 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,120 ITALY'S PLANS FOR PANDEMIC 329 00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:43,960 PREPAREDNESS, AS WELL AS AREAS 330 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:47,040 FOR POTENTIAL COLLABORATION. 331 00:13:47,040 --> 00:13:49,320 WE ARE PICTURED SHAKING HANDS IN 332 00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:52,600 THE PHOTO AT THE BOTTOM CENTER 333 00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:54,640 OF THE SLIDE. 334 00:13:54,640 --> 00:13:56,840 FINALLY, AS PICTURED IN THE 335 00:13:56,840 --> 00:13:58,760 LOWER RIGHT, LEADERS FROM OUR 336 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:02,280 INSTITUTE DIVISIONS NIA, LET IN 337 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:04,840 LATE MAY WITH THE FOUNDER AND 338 00:14:04,840 --> 00:14:07,240 CHAIRMAN OF THE INSTITUTE OF 339 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:11,320 INDIA, Dr. PUNAWALA AND HIS 340 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:15,080 SON, ADAL A AND C.E.O. OF THAT 341 00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:15,480 COMPANY. 342 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:20,080 OUR DISCUSSIONS TOPICS INCLUDED 343 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,040 DANGY VACCINES, TB VACCINES, 344 00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:26,440 MALARIA RESEARCH, MRNA VACCINES, 345 00:14:26,440 --> 00:14:29,200 ANTIBODIES AND RESEARCH. 346 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:31,080 THE INSTITUTE IS THE WORLD'S 347 00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:32,920 LARGEST VACCINE MANUFACTURER BY 348 00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:36,080 A NUMBER OF DOSES PRODUCED AND 349 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:37,040 SOLD. 350 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:39,520 ABOUT 65% OF THE CHILDREN IN THE 351 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:42,320 WORLD RECEIVE AT LEAST ONE 352 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:45,600 VACCINE MANUFACTURED BY THE 353 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:46,120 INSTITUTE. 354 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:47,600 NOW I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE A FEW 355 00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:49,800 MINUTES TO UPDATE YOU ON ONE OF 356 00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,040 OUR FAVORITE SUBJECTS, THE NIH 357 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:54,640 BUDGET. 358 00:14:54,640 --> 00:14:56,840 THIS SLIDE COMPARES THE FISCAL 359 00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:00,440 2002 ENACTED BUDGET WITH THE 360 00:15:00,440 --> 00:15:02,560 FISCAL 2021 ENACTED BUDGET. 361 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:06,160 THE OVER ALL INCREASE FOR NIH IS 362 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:10,280 7.5% AS SHOWN ON THE 363 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:11,960 LOWER-RIGHT-HAND PART OF THE 364 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:12,480 SIDE. 365 00:15:12,480 --> 00:15:15,520 THIS IS NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTE. 366 00:15:15,520 --> 00:15:18,360 MANY I.C.s RECEIVED INCREASES 367 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:20,680 BETWEEN 3% TO 5% OVER THE FISCAL 368 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:22,600 2021 ENACTED BUDGET. 369 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:24,640 THERE ARE SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT 370 00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:24,960 EXCEPTIONS. 371 00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:26,360 SUCH AS THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 372 00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,400 ON AGING, WHICH RECEIVED AN 8.2% 373 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,600 INCREASE IN AN ADDITIONAL 374 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:37,120 $289 MILLION FOR ALZHEIMER'S 375 00:15:37,120 --> 00:15:44,280 RESEARCH AND NIADA THAT RECEIVED 376 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:45,640 $345 MILLION FOR OPIOID AND 377 00:15:45,640 --> 00:15:49,040 STIMULANT RESEARCH. 378 00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:51,040 ADDITIONALLY, THE NIH RECEIVED A 379 00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:53,880 9.5% INCREASE DRIVEN BY 380 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:55,280 $41 MILLION MORE TO SUPPORT THE 381 00:15:55,280 --> 00:16:00,960 ALL OF US INITIATIVE, 40 MILLION 382 00:16:00,960 --> 00:16:02,440 FOR CYBERSECURITY, AND 156 MORE 383 00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:05,920 FOR OD OPERATIONS TO SUPPORT THE 384 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:07,840 AGENCY'S EFFORTS IN THE 385 00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:09,640 ADVANCING BIOMEDICAL INNOVATION 386 00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:12,240 WITH COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES, 387 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:16,200 SUCH AS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 388 00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:18,760 NIAID RECEIVED A 4.2% INCREASE 389 00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:22,120 HIGHLIGHTED IN YELLOW. 390 00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:24,120 ON MARCH 28th, PRESIDENT JOE 391 00:16:24,120 --> 00:16:27,880 BIDEN SUBMITTED HIS FISCAL 2023 392 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:32,040 BUDGET REQUEST TO CONGRESS. 393 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:34,040 FOR FISCAL 2023, THE PRESIDENT 394 00:16:34,040 --> 00:16:35,440 PROPOSED AN OVER ALL INCREASE 395 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:40,640 FOR NIH OF 9.3%. 396 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:42,880 OR $4.3 BILLION ABOVE THE FISCAL 397 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:45,760 TO 22 ENACTED LEVEL. 398 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:47,640 NOW MANY I.C.s ON THIS SLIDE 399 00:16:47,640 --> 00:16:50,320 SHOW A DECREASE IN FUNDING. 400 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:51,680 BUT THIS IS SIMPLY BECAUSE 401 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:54,200 CONGRESS PROVIDED GENEROUS 402 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:57,200 INCREASES IN THE FISCAL 2022 403 00:16:57,200 --> 00:16:59,080 ENACTED BUDGET WHICH WERE ABOVE 404 00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:03,760 THE FISCAL 2022 CONTINUING 405 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:04,680 RESOLUTION THAT WERE USED AS THE 406 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:06,800 BASIS TO DEVELOP THE PRESIDENT'S 407 00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:07,280 BUDGET. 408 00:17:07,280 --> 00:17:08,760 AND SO IT WAS NEVER THE INTENT 409 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:12,360 OF THE ADMINISTRATION TO DOUGH 410 00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:17,440 CREASE NIAID OR OTHER IC BUDGETS 411 00:17:17,440 --> 00:17:23,080 IN 20236789 THIS 2023. 412 00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:25,280 THIS IS A MISTAKE OR 413 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:25,920 MISREPRESENT SENSATION OF TIMING 414 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:27,920 WHERE THE BUDGET OF 2023 WAS 415 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:30,360 BASED ON A LOWER STARTING 416 00:17:30,360 --> 00:17:31,720 BUDGET, WHICH WE HAD MUCH MORE 417 00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:32,960 THAN THAT ORIGINAL BUDGET 418 00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:33,320 SHOWED. 419 00:17:33,320 --> 00:17:36,280 SO IT LOOKS LIKE A DECREASE WHEN 420 00:17:36,280 --> 00:17:37,160 IT'S NOT. 421 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:39,880 THE PRESIDENT BUDGET ALSO 422 00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:41,800 REQUESTS AN ADDITIONAL 423 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:42,800 $4 BILLION TO CONTINUE THE 424 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:47,200 ADVANCE RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY 425 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:51,360 FOR $4 BILLION TO CONTINUE THAT 426 00:17:51,360 --> 00:17:53,240 ARPA-H TO DEVELOP STATE OF THE 427 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,560 ART TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT 428 00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:57,320 WILL DRIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL 429 00:17:57,320 --> 00:17:59,600 INNOVATION IN HEALTH RESEARCH 430 00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:02,240 AND SPEED APPLICATION AND 431 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:04,680 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH 432 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:05,000 BREAKTHROUGHS. 433 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:09,400 THE INITIAL FOCUS AREAS OF 434 00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:12,440 ARPA-H WILL INCLUDE CANCER, 435 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:13,640 DIABETES AND ALZHEIMER'S. 436 00:18:13,640 --> 00:18:16,480 ALSO NOTE, AT BOTTOM OF THE 437 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,520 TABLE, THE MANDATORY BUDGET 438 00:18:18,520 --> 00:18:20,840 REQUEST FOR FUNDS AVAILABLE OVER 439 00:18:20,840 --> 00:18:24,000 FIVE YEARS TO SUPPORT 440 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,360 PREPAREDNESS AT NIH AND NIAID, 441 00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:31,280 INCLUDED IN THIS $12 BILLION 442 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:34,760 MANDATORY PACKAGE, IS 443 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:36,040 $10.6 BILLION TO SUPPORT 444 00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:38,600 PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS 445 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:40,440 ACTIVITIES, MANAGED BY NIAID 446 00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:42,560 WHICH INCLUDE RESEARCH ON 447 00:18:42,560 --> 00:18:46,680 VACCINES AND VACCINE PLATFORMS, 448 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:49,840 MONO CONAL ADDIE BODIES AND 449 00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:52,640 PROVIDING PROTECTION AGAINST PRO 450 00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:58,520 PRO TYPE AND COLLECT INTERESTEDF 451 00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:00,800 20 VIRAL FAMILIES OF CONCERN. 452 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:02,920 THESE FUNDS WILL SUPPORT 453 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:04,480 DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL TRIALS 454 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:07,240 OF ADDITIONAL THERAPEUTIC 455 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:09,120 CANDIDATES, INCLUDING HOST 456 00:19:09,120 --> 00:19:11,280 TISSUE DIRECTED THERAPIES AS 457 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:14,520 WELL AS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 458 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:16,800 INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESS FUTURE 459 00:19:16,800 --> 00:19:21,360 PANDEMICS, INCLUDING BSLA3, 4 460 00:19:21,360 --> 00:19:25,000 LABS AND EXPANDED CAPACITY TO 461 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:26,800 MANUFACTURE PILOT LIGHTS OF 462 00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:28,400 PROTOTYPE, MEDICAL 463 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:29,040 COUNTERMEASURES. 464 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:31,440 I KNOW THIS LOOKS LIKE A LOT OF 465 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:33,240 COMPLICATIONS HERE, BUT THIS IS 466 00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,880 WHAT WE HAVE RIGHT NOW WHEN YOU 467 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:37,120 ARE DEALING WITH MULTIPLE 468 00:19:37,120 --> 00:19:41,040 BUDGETS THAT ARE OVERLAPPING AT 469 00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:42,200 THE SAME TIME. 470 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,120 THIS SLIDE SHOWS THE NIAID 471 00:19:44,120 --> 00:19:47,520 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR 472 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:48,120 FISCAL 2022. 473 00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:50,440 OUR RO1 PAYLINES WERE 474 00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:52,680 ESTABLISHED A NEW PI WERE AT THE 475 00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:56,400 12th AND 16th PERCENT 476 00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:58,640 RESPECTIVELY. 477 00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:00,880 COMPETING UNSOLICITED AWARDS AND 478 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:04,080 NON COMPETING GRANTS, NRND 479 00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:06,880 AWARDS WILL INCUR NO PRAG ATTICA 480 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:08,880 JUSTMENTS AND COMPETING RESEARCH 481 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:11,600 INITIATIVES HAVE BEEN CUT BY UP 482 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:16,040 TO 20% IN ORDER TO SUSTAIN NEW 483 00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:17,520 INVESTIGATOR-INITIATED AWARDS. 484 00:20:17,520 --> 00:20:20,120 WE ESTIMATE THAT OVER ALL 485 00:20:20,120 --> 00:20:22,000 SUCCESS RATES WILL BE BETWEEN 486 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,080 18% TO 22%. 487 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:28,920 NOW, AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF OUR 488 00:20:28,920 --> 00:20:30,840 APPROPRIATION, IS TO SUMMARIZE 489 00:20:30,840 --> 00:20:33,520 THE PREPORTION THAT CONGRESS 490 00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:35,840 EARMARKED FOR NIAID TO SPEND ON 491 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:40,320 SPECIFIC DISEASES ACTIVITIES. 492 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:41,560 WE'RE APPRECIATIVE OF THE 493 00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:43,560 ADDITIONAL FUNDING, HOWEVER, IT 494 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:45,960 LIMITS OUR FLEXIBILITY TO 495 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,320 ALLOCATE ADDITIONAL FUNDS TO 496 00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:51,000 SUPPORT INVESTIGATOR INITIATED 497 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:54,000 PROJECTS AND OTHER NIAID 498 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:54,360 PRIORITIES. 499 00:20:54,360 --> 00:20:55,720 THE SLIDE YOU ARE LOOKING AT 500 00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:58,400 RIGHT NOW, SHOWS THE COMPONENTS 501 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:01,160 OF THE NIAID EARMARKED BUDGET 502 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:07,480 FROM FISCAL 2021 TO 2022. 503 00:21:07,480 --> 00:21:10,440 IN 2022, NIAID RECEIVED ONE 504 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:14,400 BILLION IN EARMARKED FUNDS AND A 505 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:17,960 9.3% INCREASE OVER FISCAL 2021. 506 00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:22,320 THESE INCREASES INCLUDED AN 507 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:23,120 ADDITIONAL 10 MILLION FOR NIH 508 00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:25,800 CENTERS FOR AIDS RESEARCH TO 509 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:28,000 SUPPORT THE ENDING THE HIV 510 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:31,720 EPIDEMIC IN THE UNITED STATES 511 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:33,360 INITIATIVE. 512 00:21:33,360 --> 00:21:35,360 A $25 MILLION INCREASE FOR THE 513 00:21:35,360 --> 00:21:40,200 DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL 514 00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:41,480 INFLUENZA VACCINES, $18 MILLION 515 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:43,360 FOR RESEARCH ON-LINE AND OTHER 516 00:21:43,360 --> 00:21:46,360 TICK-BORN DISEASES. 517 00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:51,280 A 15 MILLION-DOLLAR INCREASE FOR 518 00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:53,320 AN MICROBIAL RESEARCH AND 519 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:56,040 $3 MILLION FOR THE FOOD ALLERGY 520 00:21:56,040 --> 00:21:58,000 RESEARCH AND A $12 MILLION 521 00:21:58,000 --> 00:21:59,640 INCREASE TO BE EVENLY DIVIDED 522 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:02,200 AMONG THE 12 REGIONAL BIO 523 00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:04,280 CONTAINMENT LABS THAT NIAID 524 00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:07,600 INITIALLY FUNDED IN FISCAL 2003 525 00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:10,800 TO CONTINUE EFFORTS TO PREVENT, 526 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:12,800 PREPARE FOR, AND RESPOND TO 527 00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:17,080 INFECTIOUS DISEASES OUTBREAK. 528 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:18,880 ALSO, THERE'S A NEW 529 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:20,680 5 MILLION-DOLLAR EARMARKED FOR 530 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:24,600 SARS-CoV-2 IMMUNITY PROFILING. 531 00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:26,280 LET ME TAKE JUST A FEW MOMENTS 532 00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:28,280 TO PROVIDE A BRIEF UPDATE ON THE 533 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:30,160 FUNDING THAT HAS BEEN PROVIDED, 534 00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:33,560 SPECIFICALLY TO RESPOND TO 535 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:33,920 COVID-19. 536 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:39,920 THIS SLIDE SUMMARIZES THE FUND 537 00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:41,360 PROVIDE TODAY NIAID. 538 00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:44,240 THE CARES ACT, AND THE 539 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:46,000 CORONAVIRUS PREPAREDNESS AND 540 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:47,760 RESPONSE SUPPLEMENTAL 541 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:49,640 APPROPRIATIONS ACT, BOTH ENACTED 542 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:53,040 IN MARCH OF 2020. 543 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:56,280 THESE ACTS PROVIDED NIAID WITH 544 00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:57,600 $1.5 MILLION IN FUNDING 545 00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:58,720 AVAILABLE FOR USE UNTIL 546 00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:02,400 SEPTEMBER OF 30th, 2024. 547 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,480 WE INITIALLY PROVIDED A SPENDING 548 00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:06,920 PLAN TO CONGRESS ALLOCATED AS 549 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:12,400 SHOWN IN THE SECOND COLUMN. 550 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:15,200 SO FAR WE HAVE $1.28 BILLION FOR 551 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:16,400 EXTRA AND INTRAMURAL 552 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:19,400 INVESTIGATORS ADDRESSING THE 553 00:23:19,400 --> 00:23:20,600 SCIENTIFIC AREAS THAT ARE MOST 554 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:21,840 CRITICAL TO UNDERSTANDING AND 555 00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:23,760 ADVANCING MEDICAL 556 00:23:23,760 --> 00:23:26,000 COUNTERMEASURES AND FOR 557 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:28,360 SARS-CoV-2 AND COVID-19. 558 00:23:28,360 --> 00:23:31,680 MOST OF THE REMAINING 559 00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:33,240 $248 MILLION, IS COMMITTED TO ON 560 00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:35,880 GOING EXTRAMURAL AND INTRAMURAL 561 00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:37,320 PROJECTS WITH A SMALL REMAINING 562 00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:38,880 BALANCE THAT WILL BE AWARDED TO 563 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:41,240 ADDRESS THE MOST URGENT, 564 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:43,000 PUBLIC-HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC 565 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:46,240 RESEARCH NEEDS RELATED TO 566 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:47,560 COVID-19. 567 00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:48,280 AND WE HAVE 26 MILLION LEFT TO 568 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:51,960 SPEND ON FACILITY PROJECTS AT 569 00:23:51,960 --> 00:23:53,600 NIAID'S VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER 570 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,880 IN BETHESDA AND OUR RML LABS IN 571 00:23:56,880 --> 00:23:58,840 HAMILTON, MONTANA. 572 00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:00,800 AND NIAID WAS ALSO A KEY PARTNER 573 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:03,120 IN THE NIH'S ACCELERATING 574 00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:05,440 COVID-19 THERAPEUTIC 575 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:08,000 INTERVENTION AND VACCINES OR 576 00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:08,880 ACTIVE PARTNERSHIP. 577 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:10,760 WHICH IS OPERATING IN 578 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,400 CONJUNCTION WITH THE UNITED 579 00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:14,640 STATES HHS COORDINATION 580 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:18,760 OPERATIONS AND RESPONSE ELEMENTS 581 00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:20,960 REFERRED TO AS HCORE KNOWN AS 582 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:24,240 THE COUNTERMEASURES ACCELERATED 583 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:27,000 GROUP AND OPERATION WARP SPEED. 584 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:29,440 THIS PARTNERSHIP COORDINATES THE 585 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:30,280 GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE AND WORKS 586 00:24:30,280 --> 00:24:32,080 WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY TO 587 00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:33,440 ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT, 588 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,920 MANUFACTURING, AND DISTRIBUTION 589 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:38,480 OF VACCINES, THERAPEUTICS, AND 590 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:40,680 DIAGNOSTICS FOR COVID-19. 591 00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:43,720 SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE 592 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:46,480 COVID-19 PANDEMIC, HHS HAS 593 00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:50,280 PROVIDED NIAID WITH 594 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:52,160 $3.06 BILLION AS SHOWN ON THIS 595 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:54,280 SLIDE FROM COVID-19 SUPPLEMENTAL 596 00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:56,840 FUNDS TO SUPPORT CLINICAL 597 00:24:56,840 --> 00:24:57,280 TRIALS. 598 00:24:57,280 --> 00:25:00,400 THIS INCLUDES $1.3 BILLION 599 00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:02,360 AWARDED TO EXISTING NIAID 600 00:25:02,360 --> 00:25:04,360 CLINICAL TRIAL NETWORKS AND 601 00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:05,920 SUPPORT CONTRACTS TO CONDUCT 602 00:25:05,920 --> 00:25:09,120 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS OF FIVE 603 00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:10,680 VACCINE CANDIDATES AND VACCINE 604 00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:13,400 STUDIES AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS. 605 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:16,360 THE REMAINING FUNDING SUPPORTS 606 00:25:16,360 --> 00:25:19,120 CLINICAL TRIALS, FOR EVALUATING 607 00:25:19,120 --> 00:25:21,120 THERAPEUTICS SUCH AS ACTIVE 2. 608 00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:23,760 AND ADAPTIVE TRIAL DESIGN TO 609 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,280 TEST INVESTIGATIONAL AGENTS IN 610 00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:29,800 NON HOSPITALIZED ADULT 611 00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:32,640 VOLUNTEERS EXPERIENCING MILD TO 612 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,040 MAMODERATE SYMPTOMS. 613 00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:37,800 WE JUMP STOP THE ADMINISTRATION 614 00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:39,880 ANTIVIRAL PROGRAMS FOR PANDEMICS 615 00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:42,520 BY AWARDING CLOSE TO 616 00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:44,920 $600 MILLION TO NINE ANTIVIRAL 617 00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:46,600 DRUG DISCOVERY CENTERS TO 618 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,120 CONDUCT INNOVATIVE 619 00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:50,760 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH TO 620 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:54,320 DEVELOP CANDIDATE COVID-19 621 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:55,040 ANTIVIRALS ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT 622 00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:59,840 CAN BE TAKEN IN AN OUT PATIENT 623 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:01,440 SETTING. 624 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:02,240 AS WELL AS SPECIFIC VALUE 625 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:04,200 FAMILIES WITH HYPO TEN SHALL TO 626 00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:07,800 CAUSE A PANDEMIC IN THE FUTURE. 627 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,040 I WILL NOW BRIEFLY PROVIDE THE 628 00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:13,520 LEGISLATIVE AND CONSTITUENCY 629 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:23,080 GROUP UPDATE. 630 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:24,080 CONGRESS IS INTERESTED IN 631 00:26:24,080 --> 00:26:26,920 MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES TO 632 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:28,120 COMBAT CURRENT AND FUTURE 633 00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:30,360 VARIANTS OF SARS-CoV-2. 634 00:26:30,360 --> 00:26:31,840 AS WELL AS OUR LONGSTANDING 635 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:33,480 EFFORTS TO ADDRESS PANDEMIC 636 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:34,840 INFLUENZA AND BETTER 637 00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:36,240 UNDERSTANDING, TREAT, AND 638 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:40,600 ULTIMATELY PREVENT INFECTIOUS 639 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:41,960 IMMUNE LOGIC DISEASES. 640 00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:44,520 ON MAY 11th, I ACCOMPANIED DR. 641 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:47,040 TABAK AND SEVERAL OTHER NIH 642 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:48,600 INSTITUTE DIRECTORS TO A HEARING 643 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:50,960 OF THE HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS 644 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:53,800 LABOR HHS SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE 645 00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:57,240 PRESIDENT'S FISCAL YEAR 2023 NIH 646 00:26:57,240 --> 00:26:57,920 BUDGET REQUEST. 647 00:26:57,920 --> 00:27:02,920 I UPDATED THE APPROPRIATORS ON 648 00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:04,520 THE NIAID PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS 649 00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:06,000 PLAN AS WELL AS OUR ON GOING 650 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:07,840 RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 651 00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:12,200 AND TREAT COVID-19, DEVELOP 652 00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:13,240 UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINES, 653 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:15,800 AND ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF 654 00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:19,560 THE ADVANTAGES OF AND POTENTIAL 655 00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:22,840 BARRIERS TO ZENO 656 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:23,920 TRANSPLANTATION. 657 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:25,880 ON MAY 17th, I ALSO 658 00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:27,040 ACCOMPANIED DR. TABAK TO A 659 00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:29,640 HEARING OF THE SENATE 660 00:27:29,640 --> 00:27:30,920 APPROPRIATIONS LABOR HHS 661 00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:32,960 SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE PRESIDENT'S 662 00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:37,000 FISCAL 2023 BUDGET REQUEST. 663 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:38,360 THE SENATORS WERE INTERESTED IN 664 00:27:38,360 --> 00:27:40,760 TOPICS RELATED TO COVID-19, 665 00:27:40,760 --> 00:27:43,000 INCLUDING NIH EFFORTS TO BETTER 666 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,600 UNDERSTAND AND TREAT LONG COVID. 667 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,400 I DISCUSSED THE NEED TO DEVELOP 668 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:50,240 CANDIDATE THERAPEUTICS AND 669 00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:52,400 VACCINES FOR VIRAL FAMILIES OF 670 00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:55,280 CONCERN IN PREPARATION FOR THE 671 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:56,200 NEXT PANDEMIC THREAT. 672 00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:02,400 AS YOU WILL RECALL, SENATOR 673 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:04,920 PATTY MAR A IS LEADING 674 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:05,920 CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO DEVELOP 675 00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:09,840 LEGISLATION TO ENHANCE PANDEMIC 676 00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:10,440 PREPAREDNESS. 677 00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:12,040 BY CONTINUING TO ENGAGE WITH 678 00:28:12,040 --> 00:28:13,160 MEMBERS OF THE SENATE AND THE 679 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:15,840 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 680 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:17,840 INCLUDING CONGRESSIONAL 681 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:19,280 LEADERSHIP, THROUGH REGULAR 682 00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:21,520 BRIEFINGS, NOT OFFICIAL 683 00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:23,920 HEARINGS, BUT BRIEFINGS, THESE 684 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,240 EVENTS REMAIN IMPORTANT 685 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,320 OPPORTUNITIES TO PROVIDE 686 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:30,400 CONGRESS WITH ACCURATE AND 687 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:31,400 UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ON OUR 688 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,440 EFFORTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 689 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:35,760 SARS-CoV-2 VARIANTS AND TO 690 00:28:35,760 --> 00:28:37,400 DEVELOP AND TEST ADDITION ALONG 691 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:40,600 MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR 692 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:41,240 COVID-19. 693 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:44,800 OUR INTERACTIONS UNDERSCORE HOW 694 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:46,160 CONGRESSIONAL SUPPORT FOR 695 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:49,240 NIAID'S LONGSTANDING RESEARCH ON 696 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:51,360 CORONAVIRUSES HAS FACILITATED 697 00:28:51,360 --> 00:28:53,280 THE TIMELY DEVELOPMENT OF 698 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:55,840 CRITICALLY NEEDED COVID-19 699 00:28:55,840 --> 00:28:57,680 VACCINES, SUSTAINED 700 00:28:57,680 --> 00:28:59,480 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTMENTS IN 701 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:02,880 NIAID DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE, 702 00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:03,600 UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINES AND 703 00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:06,360 ALSO IS INFORMING OUR EFFORTS ON 704 00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:08,760 NEXT GENERATION MORE BROADLY 705 00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,880 PROTECTIVE AND DURABLE 706 00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:12,920 CORONAVIRUS VACCINES. 707 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,200 SUCH VACCINES WOULD TARGET 708 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:17,200 HIGHLY CONCERNED VIRAL ANTIGENS 709 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:19,920 FOR UTILIZING ALTERNATIVE ROUTES 710 00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:24,600 OF INOCULATION SUCH AS THE INTRA 711 00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:26,960 NASAL ROUTE. 712 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:29,200 ON FEBRUARY 24th, I 713 00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:31,640 PARTICIPATED AGAIN IN THE ANNUAL 714 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:33,560 DOUGH MINUTE TIN ON THE HILL 715 00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:36,320 EVENT -- DOMINICAN ON THE HILL 716 00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:38,320 EVENT. 717 00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:39,680 DEMOCRAT OF NEW YORK RESPONDED. 718 00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:41,720 THIS EVENT WAS IMPORTANT 719 00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:43,160 OPPORTUNITY TO DIRECTLY CONNECT 720 00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:48,600 WITH DOMINICAN AMERICANS AND THE 721 00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:49,800 DIASPORA TO DISCUSS THE 722 00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:53,520 IMPORTANCE OF COVID-19 ISSUES 723 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:55,520 AROUND VACCINE HESITANCY AND THE 724 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:57,880 ON GOING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 725 00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,720 FINALLY, I WANT TO THANK THE 726 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:02,000 NIAID STAFF WHO HAVE 727 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,360 PARTICIPATED IN MANY 728 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:05,760 CONGRESSIONAL EVENTS, INCLUDING 729 00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:07,640 BRIEFINGS OF CONGRESSIONAL 730 00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:09,760 APPROPRIATION STAFF ON MY 731 00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:10,320 BEHALF. 732 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:15,520 THESE EVENTS ARE OUTLINED ON 733 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:17,000 THIS SLIDE. 734 00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:23,440 I WILL NOW DID DEDICATE THE REMF 735 00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:24,600 THIS SESSION ON EVENTS THAT HAVE 736 00:30:24,600 --> 00:30:26,160 OCCURRED, FOLLOW UPS OF MATTERS 737 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:28,080 WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED, 738 00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:31,600 THAT MAY BE OF INTEREST TO YOU. 739 00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:33,200 NOW, WE ALL KNOW THAT I HAVE 740 00:30:33,200 --> 00:30:36,680 SAID MANY TIMES, THAT NIAID 741 00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:39,600 RESEARCH HAS A DUEL MANDATE. 742 00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,200 ONE THAT ALL OF THE OTHER HAVE 743 00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:45,320 TO MAINTAIN AND GROW A ROBUST 744 00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:47,720 BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH 745 00:30:47,720 --> 00:30:50,720 PORTFOLIO IN WHATEVER THE AREA 746 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:53,320 OF RESPONSIBILITY IS FOR US, 747 00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:55,160 OBVIOUSLY, IT'S MICROBIOLOGY 748 00:30:55,160 --> 00:30:57,080 INFECTIOUS DISEASES, IMMUNOLOGY 749 00:30:57,080 --> 00:30:59,200 AND IMMUNE MEDIATED DISEASES, 750 00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:01,320 HOWEVER, WE ALSO HAVE ANOTHER, 751 00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:08,200 WHAT I CALL, DUEL MANDATE. 752 00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:09,720 RESPONDING RAPIDLY TO EMERGEING 753 00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:12,280 AND REEMERGING DISEASE THREATS. 754 00:31:12,280 --> 00:31:14,480 THIS IS A SLIDE I HAVE SHOWN 755 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:16,360 HUNDREDS OF TIMES ALWAYS ADDING 756 00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:19,280 ONE OR TWO OR THREE PER YEAR OF 757 00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:23,040 NEW EXAMPLES OF EMERGEING AND 758 00:31:23,040 --> 00:31:24,240 REEMERGING INFECTIONS. 759 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,560 SOME ARE JUST CURIOSITY AND SOME 760 00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:29,520 IMPACT THE GLOBAL HEALTH. 761 00:31:29,520 --> 00:31:31,360 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT SOME 762 00:31:31,360 --> 00:31:34,160 EXAMPLES OF ON GOING INFECTIOUS 763 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:36,880 DISEASE OUTBREAKS IN 2022. 764 00:31:36,880 --> 00:31:37,840 MONKEY POX WHICH WE'RE DEALING 765 00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:40,440 WITH NOW, COVID-19, WHICH HAS 766 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:41,720 COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED OUR WAVE 767 00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:43,640 LIFE OVER THE LAST TWO AND A 768 00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:44,720 HALF YEARS. 769 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:48,000 ACUTE HEPATITIS OF UNKNOWN 770 00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:50,400 ETIOLOGY IN CHILDREN, ON GOING 771 00:31:50,400 --> 00:31:56,520 EBOLA IN THE DEMOCRATIC RELICK 772 00:31:56,520 --> 00:31:58,520 OF THE CONGO AND I'VE YAN 773 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:00,120 INFLUENZA A IN CHINA AND THE 774 00:32:00,120 --> 00:32:00,520 UNITED STATES. 775 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,960 WHAT ARE WE DOING TO PREPARE FOR 776 00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:03,320 FUTURE PANDEMIC? 777 00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:05,560 THE NIAID HAS A PANDEMIC PRE 778 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:09,440 PAIDNESS PLAN WHICH TARGETS 779 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:10,880 PROTOTYPE AND PRIORITY PATHOGENS 780 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:12,480 WHICH WE'VE BEEN WORKING ON FOR 781 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:13,720 SOME TIME NOW. 782 00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:16,920 WE PICK OUT PULL TOLL FAMILIES 783 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:19,200 OF PATHOGENS IN THIS CASE ALL 784 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:20,920 VIRAL DISEASES IN WHICH WE DO 785 00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:23,800 THE KIND OF BASELINE WORK ON 786 00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:26,800 EACH OF THESE TO PREPARE US TO 787 00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:28,160 DEVELOP COMMONALITIES WITHIN THE 788 00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:31,920 FAMILY TO ALLOW US TOKL MOVE THN 789 00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:33,560 OUTBREAK WITHIN THAT FAMILY. 790 00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:36,440 THIS SERVED US VERY WELL AS WE 791 00:32:36,440 --> 00:32:38,360 HAD PRIOR EXPERIENCE WITH 792 00:32:38,360 --> 00:32:40,120 CORONAVIRUSES NOT ONLY WITH THE 793 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:44,480 COMMON COLD CORONAVIRUS BUT ALSO 794 00:32:44,480 --> 00:32:49,000 WITH SARS-CoV-2 AND MARES AND 795 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,640 WE HAVE DEVELOPED A PROGRAM FOR 796 00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:57,920 MANDELMAN WHIPANDEMIC TO COMBATY 797 00:32:57,920 --> 00:32:59,720 COVID-19 BUT TO PREPARE US FOR 798 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:01,600 OTHER PANDEMIC THREATS. 799 00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:04,760 IN THIS REGARD, WE RECENTLY 800 00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:06,120 ANNOUNCED ANTIVIRAL DRUG 801 00:33:06,120 --> 00:33:09,520 DEVELOPMENT AWARDS OF 802 00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:14,640 $577 MILLION TO ESTABLISH OURIDG 803 00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:16,280 DISCOVERY CENTERS FOR PATHOGENS 804 00:33:16,280 --> 00:33:19,120 OF CONCERN TARGETING CORONAVIRUS 805 00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:24,200 AS WELL AS OTHER VIRUSES SUCH AS 806 00:33:24,200 --> 00:33:27,920 TOGA, AND NAIN' VIRUSES AND THE 807 00:33:27,920 --> 00:33:29,560 AWARDS SHOWN HERE ON THIS SLIDE 808 00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:32,640 OF THE UNITED STATES. 809 00:33:32,640 --> 00:33:34,760 QUICKLY, MONKEY POX UPDATE. 810 00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:37,120 WE ARE CLEARLY NOW HAVING AN 811 00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,000 EMERGING THREAT OF MONKEY POX IN 812 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,640 NON ENDEMIC COUNTRIES WITH NOW 813 00:33:42,640 --> 00:33:46,240 THE SLIDE IS LIKELY ALREADY 814 00:33:46,240 --> 00:33:49,680 OUTDATED WITH 653 CONFIRMED CASE 815 00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:52,280 THIS IS 32 COUNTRIES AS OF 816 00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:53,560 JUNE 1st, 2022. 817 00:33:53,560 --> 00:33:56,440 THE OUTBREAK IN NON ENDEMIC 818 00:33:56,440 --> 00:33:57,960 COUNTRIES IS SHOWN HERE ON THIS 819 00:33:57,960 --> 00:33:59,600 GLOBAL MAP WITH A DISTRIBUTION 820 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:01,360 AMONG THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES. 821 00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:03,440 AS US CAN SEE, THE U.K. APPEARS 822 00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:06,280 TO BE THE MOST SEVERELY HIT AT 823 00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:07,800 THIS PARTICULAR TIME. 824 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:15,240 BUT REMEMBER, THIS IS A MOVING 825 00:34:15,240 --> 00:34:18,280 TARGET. 826 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:19,600 IN THE UNITED STATES THERE ARE 827 00:34:19,600 --> 00:34:22,200 19 CONFIRMED CASES SHOWN ON THIS 828 00:34:22,200 --> 00:34:22,640 SLIDE. 829 00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:24,720 WE DO HAVE COUNTERMEASURES WHICH 830 00:34:24,720 --> 00:34:26,760 WE HAVE DEVELOPED SOME TIME AGO 831 00:34:26,760 --> 00:34:30,680 IN PREPARATION FOR BIO TERROR 832 00:34:30,680 --> 00:34:32,840 ATTACKS WITH SMALL SOX AND THE 833 00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:33,840 COUNTERMEASURES FOR SMALLPOX DO 834 00:34:33,840 --> 00:34:36,280 HAVE CROSS REACTIVITY AND ARE 835 00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:39,000 EFFECTIVE AGAINST MONKEYPOX. 836 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,360 IN THE AREA OF TREATMENT, THE 837 00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:42,760 NIAID WAS INVOLVED IN MANY OF 838 00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:44,400 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE 839 00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:48,560 COUNTERMEASURES INCLUDING 840 00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:54,960 TECOVIRIMAT OR TPOXX OR VESTIDE 841 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:56,960 AND SO PREVENTION FOR PRO AND 842 00:34:56,960 --> 00:35:04,560 POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS, THE 843 00:35:04,560 --> 00:35:06,840 DEFICIENT AND MVA STRAIN AS WELL 844 00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:09,960 AS THE ORIGINAL ACAM200 WHICH IS 845 00:35:09,960 --> 00:35:14,680 A LIVE VACCINIA VIRUS VACCINE, 846 00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:16,840 THE NIAID HAS BEEN WORKING ON 847 00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:18,240 THESE COUNTERMEASURES ON THE 848 00:35:18,240 --> 00:35:20,040 NATIONAL STOCKPILE. 849 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:22,360 ALSO THERE'S A LOT OF ON GOING 850 00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:23,960 AS WELL AS PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND 851 00:35:23,960 --> 00:35:25,920 FUTURE PLANS FOR RESEARCH. 852 00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:28,600 I ALREADY MENTIONED OUR KEY ROLE 853 00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:29,920 IN DEVELOPING CURRENTLY 854 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:32,040 AVAILABLE COUNTERMEASURES, FROM 855 00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:34,680 THE STANDPOINT OF FUNDING WE 856 00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:39,640 FUND ABOUT $20 MILLION IN FISCAL 857 00:35:39,640 --> 00:35:42,680 2021 FOR POX VIRUSES AND 858 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:43,280 MONKEYPOX. 859 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,280 FOR MONKEYPOX SPECIFICALLY IT'S 860 00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:46,880 $11.9 MILLION. 861 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:53,280 WE DO WORK ON BIOINFORMATICS AND 862 00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:56,440 GENOMICS AND AND ANTIVIRAL 863 00:35:56,440 --> 00:36:00,160 SCREENING, ANTIBODY DEVELOPMENT. 864 00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:01,760 DIAGNOSTIC AS SAYS AND THE 865 00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:04,400 REPUBLIC OF CONGO AND WE ARE 866 00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:07,480 PLANNING OUR RANDOMIZED CONTROL 867 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:09,680 TRIAL OF T POX FOR MONKEYPOX 868 00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:11,680 WITH THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF 869 00:36:11,680 --> 00:36:18,760 THE CONGO AND WE HAVE VIRAL ICE 870 00:36:18,760 --> 00:36:20,600 ISOLATES AND THE WORLD REFERENCE 871 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:26,480 CENTER FOR EMERGING VIRUS AND 872 00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:27,440 ARBO VIRUSES. 873 00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:29,600 I'LL GIVE YOU SOME SNIPPETS OF 874 00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:31,160 THIS BECAUSE WE CAN SPEND THE 875 00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:33,760 ENTIRE TIME TALKING ABOUT THIS 876 00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:36,160 CHALLENGE THAT WE ARE LIVING 877 00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:36,560 THROUGH. 878 00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:38,520 WITH REGARD TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY 879 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:41,160 AS YOU KNOW, WE NOW HAVE A HALF 880 00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:44,600 A BILLION CASES THAT HAVE BEEN 881 00:36:44,600 --> 00:36:44,880 REPORTED. 882 00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:48,960 THAT IS REPORTED AND LIKELY MANY 883 00:36:48,960 --> 00:36:51,520 MORE SAME TRUE FOR THE DEATHS 884 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:52,280 GLOBALLY. 885 00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:53,480 6 MILLION BUT AN ESTIMATE IS 886 00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:56,000 THAT IT IS VERY LIKELY CLOSER TO 887 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:58,720 12 TO 15 MILLION. 888 00:36:58,720 --> 00:37:00,760 REPORTED CASES IN THE UNITED 889 00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,960 STATES OVER 84 MILLION AND WE 890 00:37:02,960 --> 00:37:07,360 HAVE REACHED A TERRIBLE LANDMARK 891 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:09,000 OF 1 MILLION DEATHS IN OUR 892 00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:09,960 COUNTRY SINCE THE BEGINNING OF 893 00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:10,680 THIS OUTBREAK. 894 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:12,920 WE ARE CURRENTLY DEALING NOW 895 00:37:12,920 --> 00:37:15,280 WITH A VARIANT CALLED OMICRON. 896 00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:17,480 I SHOW THIS FAMILY TREE WHICH 897 00:37:17,480 --> 00:37:18,480 INCLUDES ALL THE VARIANTS WE'VE 898 00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:21,240 DEALT WITH FROM THE ORIGINAL 899 00:37:21,240 --> 00:37:26,120 WA-1 WHICH IS THE STRAIN TO THE 900 00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:28,640 BA AND NOW OMICRON NOW RECENTLY 901 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:32,320 HAS SHOWN THE EVOLUTION INTO 902 00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:34,720 MULTIPLE SUB LINEAGES AS SHOWN 903 00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:35,080 AN THIS SLIDE. 904 00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:37,040 AND IN FACT IT'S BEEN 905 00:37:37,040 --> 00:37:38,920 EXTRAORDINARY HOW EACH LINEAGE 906 00:37:38,920 --> 00:37:41,560 HAS HAD A GREATER TRANSMISSION 907 00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,800 ADVANTAGE AND LITERALLY PUSHED 908 00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:46,480 THE OTHER VARIANTS OFF THE SCENE 909 00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:49,800 AS IT TOOK OVER AS SHOWN ON THIS 910 00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:52,280 SLIDE GLOBALLY HOW DELTA CAME IN 911 00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:54,360 AND PUSHED ALPHA AND BETA AND 912 00:37:54,360 --> 00:37:56,880 GAMMA OFF AND THEN OMICRON BEGAN 913 00:37:56,880 --> 00:37:58,240 TO DOMINATE. 914 00:37:58,240 --> 00:37:59,760 IF YOU LOOK AT WORLD, THIS IS 915 00:37:59,760 --> 00:38:03,480 THE WAY THAT THE SURGES COINCIDE 916 00:38:03,480 --> 00:38:05,920 WITH THE VARIOUS VARIANTS' 917 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:07,880 APPEARANCE AND AGAIN, LOOK AT 918 00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:11,280 THE DIFFERENCE MASSIVELY, IN 919 00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:13,040 CASES WITH OMICRON COMPARED TO 920 00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:14,080 THE OTHERS. 921 00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:16,200 BUT THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF A 922 00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:18,000 COMPLICATIONS IN THE POSITIVE 923 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,880 SENSE IN SOME RESPECTS WHERE THE 924 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:23,600 DEATHS ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT 925 00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:25,520 WE'RE GOING THROUGH RIGHT NOW, 926 00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:27,480 ARE LESS THAN THE PREPORTION AT 927 00:38:27,480 --> 00:38:29,480 OF DEATHS THAT WE SEEN WITH 928 00:38:29,480 --> 00:38:31,400 OUTBREAKS SUCH AS WITH DELTA. 929 00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:33,280 SO RIGHT NOW, IF YOU LOOK AT THE 930 00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:36,240 UNITED STATES, IN JANUARY, THERE 931 00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:39,760 WERE CLOSE TO 900,000 CASES PER 932 00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:40,080 DAY. 933 00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:43,240 WE NOW ARE IN A SPRING TO SUMMER 934 00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:46,320 INCREASE IN CASES AND WE'VE GONE 935 00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:49,320 FROM AROUND 25,000 A MONTH OR SO 936 00:38:49,320 --> 00:38:54,240 AGO UP NOW AS SHOWN ON THE 937 00:38:54,240 --> 00:38:56,960 RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THE SLIDE TO 938 00:38:56,960 --> 00:38:58,400 100,000 PER DAY WITH DEATHS THAT 939 00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,040 HAVE GONE FROM 3,000 DURING THE 940 00:39:01,040 --> 00:39:03,320 WORSE PART OF THE SURGE, MONTHS 941 00:39:03,320 --> 00:39:06,240 AGO, TO 300 A DAY NOW. 942 00:39:06,240 --> 00:39:08,600 SO WE'RE SEEING A LOT OF CASES. 943 00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:10,720 THE PROPORTIONAL AMOUNT OF THOSE 944 00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:12,680 CASES THAT RESULT IN 945 00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:15,800 HOSPITALIZATION AND DEATH IS 946 00:39:15,800 --> 00:39:16,320 LESS. 947 00:39:16,320 --> 00:39:19,360 WE TOO HAVE SEEN THAT GRADUAL 948 00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:21,720 PUSHING OFF THE SCENE OF ONE 949 00:39:21,720 --> 00:39:22,760 VARIANT BY ANOTHER. 950 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:27,800 IF YOU LOOK AT BA1.1 IN ORANGE, 951 00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:31,440 HOW IT THEN WAS PUSHED OFF BY 952 00:39:31,440 --> 00:39:33,080 BA.2 WHICH GOT PUSHED OFF BY 953 00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:38,560 WHAT WE'RE CURRENTLY SEEING IS 954 00:39:38,560 --> 00:39:41,120 BA.2.12.1 WHICH WENT FROM A 955 00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:44,920 PERCENT OR TWO UP TO 60% OF THE 956 00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:45,520 ISOLATES. 957 00:39:45,520 --> 00:39:47,120 THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS EVOLUTION 958 00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,880 OF NEW VARIANTS IS SHOWN ON THIS 959 00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:51,440 SLIDE. 960 00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:54,360 EACH OF THESE VARIANTS HAD A BIT 961 00:39:54,360 --> 00:39:57,200 OF A TRANSMISSION ADVANTAGE OVER 962 00:39:57,200 --> 00:39:58,920 THE PRIOR ONE EXCEPT FOR OMICRON 963 00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:01,840 WHICH HAD A MAJOR TRANSMISSION 964 00:40:01,840 --> 00:40:03,800 ADVANTAGE OVER DELTA AND AS YOU 965 00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:10,560 WENT FROM OMICRON TO BA.2.1 AND 966 00:40:10,560 --> 00:40:14,560 BA4 AND BA.5 IN SOUTH AFRICA BUT 967 00:40:14,560 --> 00:40:15,840 A LOW LEVEL IN THE UNITED 968 00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:16,280 STATES. 969 00:40:16,280 --> 00:40:18,000 SO, WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW, AS 970 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,200 WE'RE SEEING INCREASE IN 971 00:40:20,200 --> 00:40:23,440 COVID-19 CASES THAT WE ARE 972 00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:24,520 EXPERIENCING IN THE NUMBERS THAT 973 00:40:24,520 --> 00:40:30,040 I JUST SHOWED YOU. 974 00:40:30,040 --> 00:40:32,120 IT'S DUE TO THE INCREASE 975 00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:35,200 TRANSMISSIBILITY ON THE PRIOR 976 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:35,400 SLIDE. 977 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:36,440 TWO THERE'S WAINING IMMUNITY TO 978 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:39,000 PRIOR INFECTION AND OR 979 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:39,520 VACCINATION. 980 00:40:39,520 --> 00:40:43,600 WAINING IMMUNITY WITH REGARDS TO 981 00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:45,600 INFECTION BUT RATHER HOLDING 982 00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:50,160 GOOD WITH IMMUNITY TOWARDS 983 00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:52,360 PROTECTION AGAINST SEVERE 984 00:40:52,360 --> 00:40:53,320 DISEASE AND DEATH. 985 00:40:53,320 --> 00:40:54,960 AND THEN AGAIN, WE ALL KNOW, 986 00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:57,760 LOOK AROUND US, THROUGHOUT THE 987 00:40:57,760 --> 00:40:59,960 COUNTRY, THERE'S RELAXATION OF 988 00:40:59,960 --> 00:41:00,400 MITIGATIONS. 989 00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:03,120 PEOPLE NOT WEARING MASKS, AND 990 00:41:03,120 --> 00:41:07,120 PEOPLE INDOOR CON G CONGREGATIN. 991 00:41:07,120 --> 00:41:08,280 I SHOWED THIS SLIDE MULTIPLE 992 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:11,000 TIMES IN THE PAST, IT'S THE 993 00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:11,880 PORTFOLIO OF VACCINES THAT WE 994 00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:15,240 HAVE AVAILABLE. 995 00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:18,320 WE KNOW NOW WE HAVE A FULL 996 00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:22,360 APPROVAL OF THE BIOEN TICK AND 997 00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:24,440 MOW DANA AND EMERGENCY USE FOR 998 00:41:24,440 --> 00:41:25,200 SEVERAL OF THE OTHERS. 999 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:27,320 I'M GOING TO TALK MORE ABOUT 1000 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:29,560 THAT MOMENTARILY. 1001 00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:31,200 THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT 1002 00:41:31,200 --> 00:41:33,360 VACCINATION HAS A MAJOR, MAJOR 1003 00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:35,760 IMPACT ON PREVENTING DISEASE, 1004 00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:37,560 HOSPITALIZATIONS AND DEATHS. 1005 00:41:37,560 --> 00:41:40,840 IT'S ESTIMATED THAT FROM 1006 00:41:40,840 --> 00:41:44,280 DECEMBER 2020 TO MARCH 2022, 1007 00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:46,040 OVER 2 MILLION DEATHS WERE 1008 00:41:46,040 --> 00:41:47,920 AVERTED OVER 17 MILLION 1009 00:41:47,920 --> 00:41:49,720 HOSPITALIZATIONS WERE AVERTED, 1010 00:41:49,720 --> 00:41:51,960 AND OVER 66 MILLION INFECTIONS 1011 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:56,200 WERE AVERTED, AND HEALTHCARE 1012 00:41:56,200 --> 00:42:03,440 COSTS OF $900 BILLION WERE 1013 00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:03,880 SAVED. 1014 00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:05,400 NOW, THAT'S THE FUNDAMENTALS OF 1015 00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:05,920 THE VACCINE EFFECT. 1016 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:08,760 WHAT ABOUT BOOSTER SHOTS IN 1017 00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:10,360 NUMEROUS STUDIES OF REAL WORLD 1018 00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:12,320 HE CAN TIVENESS ON VACCINES HAVE 1019 00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:14,920 SHOWN THAT DESPITE THE 1020 00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:18,760 EXTRAORDINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF 1021 00:42:18,760 --> 00:42:22,360 94 AND 95% IN PREVIOUS 1022 00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:26,040 PRESENTATIONS, BOOSTED DOSES 1023 00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:27,240 RECONSTITUTE THE WAINING OF 1024 00:42:27,240 --> 00:42:29,360 IMMUNE PROTECTION FOR AT LEAST 1025 00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:30,560 SEVERAL MONTHS. 1026 00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:33,800 THE EFFECT OF BOOSTER DOSES MOST 1027 00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:34,760 PRONOUNCED AGAINST SEVERE 1028 00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:37,160 DISEASE, HOSPITALIZATION, AND 1029 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:39,480 DEATH, PARTICULARLY IN THE ERA 1030 00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:40,600 OF OMICRON. 1031 00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:43,240 WHICH ABSOLUTELY REQUIRES A 1032 00:42:43,240 --> 00:42:43,840 BOOSTER DOSE. 1033 00:42:43,840 --> 00:42:46,280 IF YOU LOOK AT THIS SLIDE, IN 1034 00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:49,680 THE UNITED STATES, FROM 1035 00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:52,240 OCTOBER 2021 TO JANUARY 2022, 1036 00:42:52,240 --> 00:42:55,000 AND LOOK AT HOSPITALIZATIONS PER 1037 00:42:55,000 --> 00:42:57,000 100,000 AND LOOK AT THE 1038 00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:58,240 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UNVACCINATED 1039 00:42:58,240 --> 00:42:59,880 IN RED AND FULLY VACCINATED 1040 00:42:59,880 --> 00:43:02,840 WITHOUT A BOOST IN DARK BLUE AND 1041 00:43:02,840 --> 00:43:04,800 FULLY VACCINATED WITH AN 1042 00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:07,480 ADDITIONAL BOOST IN LIGHT BLUE. 1043 00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:10,000 THIS SAME HOLDS TRUE FOR DEATHS. 1044 00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:12,120 HERE WE ARE DEATH RATE PER 1045 00:43:12,120 --> 00:43:14,160 100,000 AND LOOK AT UNVACCINATED 1046 00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:15,760 IN RED AND FULLY VACCINATED 1047 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:17,600 WITHOUT A BOOSTER AND DARK BLUE 1048 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:19,720 AND FULLY VACCINATED WITH A 1049 00:43:19,720 --> 00:43:21,080 BOOSTER IN LIGHT BLUE. 1050 00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:25,440 BECAUSE OF THIS, THE FDA HAS NOW 1051 00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:27,600 EXPANDED ELIGIBILITY TO GO 1052 00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:29,880 BEYOND THAT ORIGINAL POPULATION 1053 00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:33,440 AND NOW BOOSTERS ARE ELIGIBLE IN 1054 00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:34,720 CHILDREN FIVE THROUGH 1055 00:43:34,720 --> 00:43:38,880 11-YEARS-OLD WITH THE BIONTECH. 1056 00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:40,520 NOW WE'RE CONSIDERING FOR A 1057 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:42,320 SECOND BOOSTER SHOT, NAMELY THE 1058 00:43:42,320 --> 00:43:46,200 FOURTH SHOT OF AN MRNA REGIMENT. 1059 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:46,960 WHY IS THAT? 1060 00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:49,160 THE FIRST BOOSTER DOSES AS I 1061 00:43:49,160 --> 00:43:51,960 SHOWED YOU RESTORE THE WAINING 1062 00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:54,160 IMMUNITY EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 1063 00:43:54,160 --> 00:43:57,040 PRIMARY VACCINE SERIES, 1064 00:43:57,040 --> 00:43:59,880 INCLUDING AS I SHOWED YOU, 1065 00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:01,040 AGAINST SEVERE DISEASE AND 1066 00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:01,760 HOSPITALIZATION AND THE FACTS 1067 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:04,040 THAT WE'RE DEALING WITH OMICRON. 1068 00:44:04,040 --> 00:44:06,280 HOWEVER, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A 1069 00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:08,440 FIRST BOOSTER DOSE DOES WAIN 1070 00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:16,400 OVER TIME, CHARACTER IS TICK OF 1071 00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:17,200 CORONAVIRUS, GROWING EVIDENCE 1072 00:44:17,200 --> 00:44:19,800 SAYS A SECOND BOOSTER CAN 1073 00:44:19,800 --> 00:44:21,360 RESTORE VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS TO 1074 00:44:21,360 --> 00:44:23,800 CERTAIN POPULATIONS IN THE SHORT 1075 00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:24,200 TERM. 1076 00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:27,400 BECAUSE OF THIS NOW, THE CDC 1077 00:44:27,400 --> 00:44:28,920 ORIGINALLY MADE ELIGIBLE WITH 1078 00:44:28,920 --> 00:44:31,880 THE FDA THE CDC RECOMMENDED 1079 00:44:31,880 --> 00:44:33,840 BOOSTERS FOR CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS 1080 00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:37,280 BUT NOW THE CDC STRENGTHENS THE 1081 00:44:37,280 --> 00:44:39,480 RECOMMENDATIONS AND EXPANDS 1082 00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:40,520 ELIGIBILITY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1083 00:44:40,520 --> 00:44:42,440 FOR BOOSTER SHOTS. 1084 00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:45,720 THIS IS A SUMMARY OF THE VACCINE 1085 00:44:45,720 --> 00:44:48,600 DOSE ELIGIBILITY BY AGE. 1086 00:44:48,600 --> 00:44:52,480 SO, THE RED Xs MEANS NOT 1087 00:44:52,480 --> 00:44:57,280 ELIGIBLE AND THE GREEN CHECK 1088 00:44:57,280 --> 00:44:58,480 MARKS MEAN ELIGIBLE. 1089 00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:00,920 IF YOU LOOK AT CHILDREN 0-4 1090 00:45:00,920 --> 00:45:04,520 WE'RE STILL WAITING ON THE FDA'S 1091 00:45:04,520 --> 00:45:05,720 DETERMINATION, WHAT THEIR 1092 00:45:05,720 --> 00:45:08,040 ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR DOSES FOR 1093 00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:08,440 CHILDREN. 1094 00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:12,880 IF YOU GO FIVE TO 11, THE FIRST, 1095 00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:14,280 SECOND AND THIRD BOOSTER DOSE AS 1096 00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:18,240 I MENTIONED, IS AVAILABLE FOR 1097 00:45:18,240 --> 00:45:19,520 THOSE CHILDREN. 1098 00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:21,120 NOT THE FOURTH DOSE AS SHOWN IN 1099 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:22,600 THE RED X. 1100 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:27,760 WHEN YOU GO FROM 12 TO 17, 18 TO 1101 00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:29,720 49 AND 50 PLUS, THIRD DOSE 1102 00:45:29,720 --> 00:45:32,760 BOOSTERS FOR ALL OF THOSE AGES 1103 00:45:32,760 --> 00:45:36,640 BUT FOR THE 50 PLUS, FOURTH DOSE 1104 00:45:36,640 --> 00:45:37,680 BOOSTERS ARE RECOMMENDED. 1105 00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:40,640 FOR THE YOUNGER GROUP, THE 1106 00:45:40,640 --> 00:45:42,880 FOURTH DOSE BOOST IF PEOPLE ARE 1107 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:46,720 MODERATELY OR SEVERELY 1108 00:45:46,720 --> 00:45:47,600 IMMUNOCOMPROMISED. 1109 00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:49,720 NOW, IN PREPARATION FOR BOOSTING 1110 00:45:49,720 --> 00:45:52,920 AS WE GET INTO THE COMING FALL 1111 00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:58,000 AND EARLY WINTER, WHICH WE WOULD 1112 00:45:58,000 --> 00:45:59,640 EXPECT UNDERSTANDABLY A SURGE OF 1113 00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:04,280 CASES, WE ARE DOING STUDIES NOW 1114 00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:08,440 DOING MULTIPLE ARMS OF STUDIES 1115 00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:13,760 IN A TRIAL CALLED COVAIL OF 1116 00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:15,560 PROTOCOL AND VACCINES ALONE AND 1117 00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:22,840 IN COMBINATIONS WITH BUY VAL 1118 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:23,480 ANTS TO RECEIVE WHO HAVE 1119 00:46:23,480 --> 00:46:24,360 RECEIVED ONE BOOSTER DOSE. 1120 00:46:24,360 --> 00:46:25,760 I WANT TO MENTION SOMETHING 1121 00:46:25,760 --> 00:46:27,680 THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT AND A 1122 00:46:27,680 --> 00:46:29,320 RECENT STUDY CALLED HEROES, 1123 00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:31,360 STANDING FOR HUMAN EPIDEMIOLOGY 1124 00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:33,360 AND RESPONSE TO SARS-CoV-2 1125 00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:36,200 STUDY, AND IN OVER A THOUSAND 1126 00:46:36,200 --> 00:46:37,720 HOUSEHOLDS, WHERE IT SHOWED AS 1127 00:46:37,720 --> 00:46:39,480 ASTHMA DID NOT INCREASE THE RISK 1128 00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:42,280 OF SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION, EVEN 1129 00:46:42,280 --> 00:46:43,480 THOUGH PEOPLE WITH ASTHMA CAN 1130 00:46:43,480 --> 00:46:46,040 HAVE A MORE SEVERE EVENT 1131 00:46:46,040 --> 00:46:47,440 ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION, BUT 1132 00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:49,360 FOOD ALLERGY FOR REASONS THAT WE 1133 00:46:49,360 --> 00:46:51,680 DON'T FULLY UNDERSTAND, WAS 1134 00:46:51,680 --> 00:46:54,360 ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER 1135 00:46:54,360 --> 00:46:56,240 INFECTION RISK AND OBESITY WITH 1136 00:46:56,240 --> 00:46:58,720 A HIGH BMI WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 1137 00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:01,560 AN INCREASE RISK OF INFECTION 1138 00:47:01,560 --> 00:47:04,760 NOT ONLY JUST ADVANCED DISEASE. 1139 00:47:04,760 --> 00:47:06,440 AND YOUNG CHILDREN WERE SHOWN TO 1140 00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:07,800 BE VERY EFFICIENT TRANSMITTERS 1141 00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:10,880 WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD. 1142 00:47:10,880 --> 00:47:13,560 WE HAVE A THERAPEUTIC TOOLKIT 1143 00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:16,560 IMPORTANTLY AIMED AT KEEPING NON 1144 00:47:16,560 --> 00:47:18,720 HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS OUT OF THE 1145 00:47:18,720 --> 00:47:24,000 HOSPITAL AND AS I MENTIONED, WE 1146 00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:28,360 HAVE PAXLOVID AND AN TANI BODY 1147 00:47:28,360 --> 00:47:31,960 IS BEBTELOVIMAB. 1148 00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:37,960 ON AN HIV-AIDS UPDATE, SEAN IS 1149 00:47:37,960 --> 00:47:41,160 THE NEW AIDS GLOBAL AIDS 1150 00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:42,760 COORDINATOR FOR PEPFAR AND 1151 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:45,520 PEPFAR RESULTS CONTINUE TO SHOW 1152 00:47:45,520 --> 00:47:48,240 AN EXTRAORDINARY POSITIVE EFFECT 1153 00:47:48,240 --> 00:47:51,240 WITH 21 MILLION LIVES SAVED AND 1154 00:47:51,240 --> 00:47:52,320 ALMOST 3 MILLION UNINFECTED 1155 00:47:52,320 --> 00:47:53,840 CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WITH 1156 00:47:53,840 --> 00:47:55,600 HIV. 1157 00:47:55,600 --> 00:47:56,880 OVER 19 MILLION PEOPLE RECEIVED 1158 00:47:56,880 --> 00:47:59,360 ART AND THE MILLION NEWLY 1159 00:47:59,360 --> 00:48:00,880 ENROLLED ON PREP. 1160 00:48:00,880 --> 00:48:03,000 AS WELL AS ALMOST 3 MILLION 1161 00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:04,440 ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN 1162 00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:08,520 RECEIVING PREVENTION SERVICES. 1163 00:48:08,520 --> 00:48:09,920 INTERESTINGLY, HIV DIAGNOSIS IN 1164 00:48:09,920 --> 00:48:14,120 THE UNITED STATES HAVE DECREASED 1165 00:48:14,120 --> 00:48:14,760 BY 17%. 1166 00:48:14,760 --> 00:48:18,120 THIS IS LIKELY A SKEWED RESULT 1167 00:48:18,120 --> 00:48:19,680 DUE TO DISRUPTIONS IN CLINICAL 1168 00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:23,120 CARE SERVICES AND HESITANCY IN 1169 00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:25,280 ACCESSING HEALTHCARE AND 1170 00:48:25,280 --> 00:48:27,040 SHORTAGES IN MATERIALS TO HIV 1171 00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:30,720 TEST DURING THE COVID-19 1172 00:48:30,720 --> 00:48:31,040 PANDEMIC. 1173 00:48:31,040 --> 00:48:32,440 WE ARE NOW LAUNCHING THREE 1174 00:48:32,440 --> 00:48:36,320 CLINICAL TRIALS OF THREE 1175 00:48:36,320 --> 00:48:38,360 MRNA-HIV VACCINES USING WHAT 1176 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:41,160 WE'VE LEARNED FENM THEOF MRNA ID 1177 00:48:41,160 --> 00:48:43,960 TO SEE IF WE CAN GET BETTER 1178 00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:46,040 RESULTS WITH VACCINES FOR HIV. 1179 00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:48,240 AND IMPORTANTLY NOW, ONE ADVANCE 1180 00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:50,200 THAT I REALLY NEED TO MENTION TO 1181 00:48:50,200 --> 00:48:52,400 YOU, IS THAT THE FDA APPROVED 1182 00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:55,880 THE FIRST EXTENDED RELEASE 1183 00:48:55,880 --> 00:48:57,560 INJECTABLE DRUG REGIMENT FOR 1184 00:48:57,560 --> 00:49:04,680 RESULTS LIVING WITH HIV, NAMELY 1185 00:49:04,680 --> 00:49:07,760 CABOTEGRAVIR AND RILPIVIRINE AND 1186 00:49:07,760 --> 00:49:09,480 INJECTED ONCE EVERY FOUR WEEKS. 1187 00:49:09,480 --> 00:49:10,760 LET ME STOP THERE AND I WILL 1188 00:49:10,760 --> 00:49:11,960 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS. 1189 00:49:11,960 --> 00:49:14,320 >>YES, HI. 1190 00:49:14,320 --> 00:49:18,600 THANK YOU, AGAIN FOR A FANTASTIC 1191 00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:20,800 OVERVIEW. 1192 00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:22,120 I'M INTERESTED IN YOUR THOUGHTS 1193 00:49:22,120 --> 00:49:25,960 ABOUT THE MONKEYPOX OUTBREAK AND 1194 00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:27,560 YOUR SORT OF UNDERSTANDING OF 1195 00:49:27,560 --> 00:49:30,160 WHETHER YOU THINK THAT THE VIRUS 1196 00:49:30,160 --> 00:49:32,000 HAS EVOLVED OR WHY YOU THINK 1197 00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:34,120 WE'RE SEEING THE NUMBER OF CASES 1198 00:49:34,120 --> 00:49:36,120 WE ARE AND WHAT WE SHOULD BE 1199 00:49:36,120 --> 00:49:39,240 DOING TO SORT OF RESPOND GIVEN 1200 00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:42,320 THE CURRENT SITUATION? 1201 00:49:42,320 --> 00:49:43,080 >>Dr. Anthony Fauci: WELL, I'D 1202 00:49:43,080 --> 00:49:44,600 HAVE TO SAY HONESTLY I DON'T 1203 00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:46,080 KNOW EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED. 1204 00:49:46,080 --> 00:49:47,760 WHETHER THERE'S BEEN SOME CHANGE 1205 00:49:47,760 --> 00:49:52,000 IN THE VIRUS OR IF WE'VE SEEN 1206 00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:53,520 NOW, GIVEN WHICH WAS LIKELY OVER 1207 00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:56,960 TIME THE EVOLUTION OF A DEM 1208 00:49:56,960 --> 00:50:00,200 KNEWION OF IMMUNITY AGAINST 1209 00:50:00,200 --> 00:50:01,480 SMALLPOX WHICH WE STOPPED WE HAD 1210 00:50:01,480 --> 00:50:06,080 A SMOLDERING MONKEYPOX GOING ON 1211 00:50:06,080 --> 00:50:09,640 IN AFRICA WHERE THEY HAD CASES, 1212 00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:11,160 NOT A TRIVIAL NUMBER OF CASE 1213 00:50:11,160 --> 00:50:12,360 THAT'S THE DEVELOPED WORLD 1214 00:50:12,360 --> 00:50:14,440 DIDN'T KNOW THAT MUCH UNTIL THEY 1215 00:50:14,440 --> 00:50:16,080 GOT EXPORTED AND WE KNOW THE 1216 00:50:16,080 --> 00:50:18,200 FIRST ONES GOT EXPORTED AND IT'S 1217 00:50:18,200 --> 00:50:27,000 LIKELY MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS 1218 00:50:27,000 --> 00:50:28,320 AND FROM THE NUMBERS, IF YOU 1219 00:50:28,320 --> 00:50:29,920 LOCK AT THE PREPORTION OF THE 1220 00:50:29,920 --> 00:50:32,400 CASES THAT WE'RE RECOGNIZING, 1221 00:50:32,400 --> 00:50:36,600 THEY'RE OVERWHELMINGLY STRONGLY 1222 00:50:36,600 --> 00:50:38,080 SKEWED TOWARDS THE GAY-MEN 1223 00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:38,600 POPULATION. 1224 00:50:38,600 --> 00:50:39,920 SO, I MEAN, I BELIEVE THERE WAS 1225 00:50:39,920 --> 00:50:43,000 ONE WOMAN BUT MOSTLY GAY MEN. 1226 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:45,840 SO, WE DON'T KNOW WHY THAT IS 1227 00:50:45,840 --> 00:50:46,440 HAPPENING. 1228 00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:49,280 LIKELY MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS 1229 00:50:49,280 --> 00:50:52,520 BUT WE'RE GAY PRIDE THAT TOOK 1230 00:50:52,520 --> 00:50:54,800 PLACE IN THE CANARY ISLANDS AND 1231 00:50:54,800 --> 00:50:56,680 IN BELGIUM AND OTHER PLACES THAT 1232 00:50:56,680 --> 00:50:57,880 WERE BELIEVED TO BE THE PART OF 1233 00:50:57,880 --> 00:50:59,520 THAT AND THERE WAS A RECENT 1234 00:50:59,520 --> 00:51:00,760 STUDY THAT CAME OUT YESTERDAY 1235 00:51:00,760 --> 00:51:03,360 FROM THE U.K. AND THE 1236 00:51:03,360 --> 00:51:05,280 OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE 1237 00:51:05,280 --> 00:51:07,160 CASES WERE AMONG GAY MEN, MOST 1238 00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:11,080 OF THEM, NOT ALL, TRAVELED TO 1239 00:51:11,080 --> 00:51:12,360 AFRICAN COUNTRIES AND CAME TO 1240 00:51:12,360 --> 00:51:14,520 THE U.K. AND THEN SPREAD WITHIN 1241 00:51:14,520 --> 00:51:16,040 THE U.K. 1242 00:51:16,040 --> 00:51:17,800 SO, IT'S ANNIE INVOLVING 1243 00:51:17,800 --> 00:51:18,240 SITUATION. 1244 00:51:18,240 --> 00:51:19,880 WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT 1245 00:51:19,880 --> 00:51:20,560 IT? 1246 00:51:20,560 --> 00:51:22,320 YOU KNOW IT HARKINS BACK TO THE 1247 00:51:22,320 --> 00:51:24,320 DAYS OF NIH. 1248 00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:25,800 THIS IS THE NOT HIV OR COVID. 1249 00:51:25,800 --> 00:51:27,440 LET'S MAKE THAT CLEAR. 1250 00:51:27,440 --> 00:51:30,400 BUT WHAT WE NEED TO DO IS TO 1251 00:51:30,400 --> 00:51:31,920 ALERT THE GAY POPULATION TO BE 1252 00:51:31,920 --> 00:51:33,320 CAREFUL WHEN YOU ARE DEALING 1253 00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:35,640 WITH SITUATIONS OF SEXUAL 1254 00:51:35,640 --> 00:51:36,800 CONTACT, TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU 1255 00:51:36,800 --> 00:51:39,560 ARE AWARE IF PEOPLE ARE ILL OR 1256 00:51:39,560 --> 00:51:40,680 IF THEY HAVE LESIONS, 1257 00:51:40,680 --> 00:51:46,680 PARTICULARLY AROUND THE GENITALE 1258 00:51:46,680 --> 00:51:49,520 AREA TO ALERT DOCTORS AT 1259 00:51:49,520 --> 00:51:50,880 TRANSMITTED INFECTION CLINICS, 1260 00:51:50,880 --> 00:51:53,360 THINGS THAT WE MAY HAVE BEEN 1261 00:51:53,360 --> 00:51:58,720 CALLING HER PEES OR SECONDARY 1262 00:51:58,720 --> 00:52:01,120 SYPHILIS, VERY WELL MIGHT HAVE 1263 00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:02,720 BEEN MONKEYPOX SO WE JUST NEED 1264 00:52:02,720 --> 00:52:05,800 TO BE A HIGH ALERT THAT WE MAY 1265 00:52:05,800 --> 00:52:08,160 BE DEALING WITH THE TIP OF AN 1266 00:52:08,160 --> 00:52:08,960 ICEBERG OR NOT. 1267 00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:09,960 WE DO KNOW THAT. 1268 00:52:09,960 --> 00:52:11,440 WE JUST NEED TO STAY ALERT. 1269 00:52:11,440 --> 00:52:13,160 THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO DO UNTIL 1270 00:52:13,160 --> 00:52:14,840 WE GET FURTHER INFORMATION. 1271 00:52:14,840 --> 00:52:17,960 WE'RE GOING TO BE TAKING A LOOK 1272 00:52:17,960 --> 00:52:20,760 AT SOME STORED CERA WE HAVE FROM 1273 00:52:20,760 --> 00:52:22,240 COHORTS FROM YEARS AGO TO SEE IF 1274 00:52:22,240 --> 00:52:26,320 THERE WAS A LEVEL, A LOW LEVEL 1275 00:52:26,320 --> 00:52:29,960 OF THIS IN SOCIETY THAT WE 1276 00:52:29,960 --> 00:52:31,040 DIDN'T PICK UP VERY MUCH. 1277 00:52:31,040 --> 00:52:32,480 IT WAS BELOW THE RADAR SCREEN. 1278 00:52:32,480 --> 00:52:34,120 I'M NOT SURE IT HAPPENED, BUT WE 1279 00:52:34,120 --> 00:52:35,520 WANT TO MAKE SURE WE DON'T MISS 1280 00:52:35,520 --> 00:52:35,720 THAT. 1281 00:52:35,720 --> 00:52:37,800 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS 1282 00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:39,520 THAT WE CAN DO. 1283 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:45,240 >> THANK YOU FOR THAT. 1284 00:52:45,240 --> 00:52:49,160 >> Dr. GANDHI HAS A QUESTION. 1285 00:52:49,160 --> 00:52:50,320 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ALL 1286 00:52:50,320 --> 00:52:53,000 YOUR WORK DURING THE PANDEMIC 1287 00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:54,520 AND ALSO PAYING ATTENTION TO 1288 00:52:54,520 --> 00:52:56,840 THESE OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 1289 00:52:56,840 --> 00:52:59,360 I HAVE TWO QUESTION, THE HIV 1290 00:52:59,360 --> 00:53:00,760 SETBACK THAT WAS REPORTED BY THE 1291 00:53:00,760 --> 00:53:04,680 CDC LAST WEEK, WHICH IS TOTALLY 1292 00:53:04,680 --> 00:53:05,280 UNDERSTANDABLE, WE HAD LOWER 1293 00:53:05,280 --> 00:53:06,720 NUMBER OF NEW INFECTIONS BUT 1294 00:53:06,720 --> 00:53:08,520 IT'S LIKELY BECAUSE OF TESTING. 1295 00:53:08,520 --> 00:53:13,000 LOWER NUMBER OF TESTING DURING 1296 00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:13,640 THE PANDEMIC. 1297 00:53:13,640 --> 00:53:16,720 I SAW THE MOST SUPPORT IN NIAID 1298 00:53:16,720 --> 00:53:17,760 INCREASING FOR HIV. 1299 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,280 IS THAT TRUE? 1300 00:53:19,280 --> 00:53:21,960 AND WILL IT BE PUT TOWARDS END 1301 00:53:21,960 --> 00:53:23,920 THE HIV EPIDEMIC INITIATIVES IN 1302 00:53:23,920 --> 00:53:27,040 TERMS OF RESEARCH FROM THE NIH, 1303 00:53:27,040 --> 00:53:28,160 PRESUMABLY IMPLEMENTATION 1304 00:53:28,160 --> 00:53:29,240 SCIENCE BECAUSE WE KNOW HOW TO 1305 00:53:29,240 --> 00:53:31,600 END IT, BUT JUST GETTING IT TO 1306 00:53:31,600 --> 00:53:33,320 HAPPEN? 1307 00:53:33,320 --> 00:53:36,680 AND THEN ACTUALLY MY -- I WAS 1308 00:53:36,680 --> 00:53:38,240 DELIGHTED TO SEE THE SUPPORT FOR 1309 00:53:38,240 --> 00:53:39,720 NIAID AND MY SECOND QUESTION WAS 1310 00:53:39,720 --> 00:53:41,560 NOT A QUESTION BUT A COMMENT, WE 1311 00:53:41,560 --> 00:53:47,120 WERE REALLY EXCITED TO SEE THE 1312 00:53:47,120 --> 00:53:49,600 K23 PAY LINES GO UP FOR NIAID. 1313 00:53:49,600 --> 00:53:54,040 ESPECIALLY KO8 AND K23 PAYLINES 1314 00:53:54,040 --> 00:53:56,920 JUST BECAUSE WE'VE LOST THAT 1315 00:53:56,920 --> 00:53:58,320 RESEARCH WORKFORCE DURING THE 1316 00:53:58,320 --> 00:53:59,080 PANDEMIC. 1317 00:53:59,080 --> 00:54:01,240 SO, WE KEEP ON ENCOURAGING THE 1318 00:54:01,240 --> 00:54:03,040 KP LINES TO GO UP SO THANK YOU. 1319 00:54:03,040 --> 00:54:03,760 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: THANK YOU, 1320 00:54:03,760 --> 00:54:04,720 MONICA FOR THOSE COMMENTS. 1321 00:54:04,720 --> 00:54:06,640 THE ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTIONS AND 1322 00:54:06,640 --> 00:54:08,840 I'LL BE MORE EXPLICIT, THE SHORT 1323 00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:11,440 ANSWER IS YES, YES, YES. 1324 00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:12,880 WE'RE GETTING NEW MONEY AND THE 1325 00:54:12,880 --> 00:54:15,480 MONEY IS GOING TO BE VERY 1326 00:54:15,480 --> 00:54:16,840 HEAVILY WEIGHTED TOWARDS THE END 1327 00:54:16,840 --> 00:54:19,160 THE HIV EPIDEMIC ACTIVITIES, 1328 00:54:19,160 --> 00:54:21,440 PARTICULARLY THE IMPLEMENTATION 1329 00:54:21,440 --> 00:54:23,640 SCIENCE THROUGH THE CFARS AND 1330 00:54:23,640 --> 00:54:24,000 OTHERS. 1331 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:26,080 THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT WE WANT TO 1332 00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:28,200 GET -- I MEAN, WE'RE NOT THROUGH 1333 00:54:28,200 --> 00:54:29,960 WITH COVID BUT WE'VE REALLY GOT 1334 00:54:29,960 --> 00:54:34,040 TO RECHARGE THE EFFORT ON 1335 00:54:34,040 --> 00:54:35,400 HIV/AIDS BECAUSE YOU KNOW, WE 1336 00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:36,640 START OFF-THE-RECORD IN 2020 AND 1337 00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:40,440 IT'S A 10-YEAR PLAN, HOPEFULLY 1338 00:54:40,440 --> 00:54:41,240 BY 2030 WE'LL DECREASE THE 1339 00:54:41,240 --> 00:54:43,880 NUMBER OF CASES BY 95%, HALFWAY 1340 00:54:43,880 --> 00:54:45,480 THROUGH WE SHOULD BE DOWN BY 1341 00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:45,880 70%. 1342 00:54:45,880 --> 00:54:47,120 WE WANT TO GET THERE. 1343 00:54:47,120 --> 00:54:50,920 WE DON'T WANT THE UNDERSTANDABLE 1344 00:54:50,920 --> 00:54:52,840 CHALLENGE THAT WE'RE BEING FACED 1345 00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:54,640 WITH WITH COVID-19 TO DETER US 1346 00:54:54,640 --> 00:54:55,480 FROM DOING BOTH THINGS AT THE 1347 00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:56,000 SAME TIME. 1348 00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:57,000 WE CAN DO BOTH. 1349 00:54:57,000 --> 00:54:57,720 WE CAN DO BOTH. 1350 00:54:57,720 --> 00:55:01,560 >> THANK YOU. 1351 00:55:01,560 --> 00:55:02,360 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: ALL RIGHT. 1352 00:55:02,360 --> 00:55:04,760 IF THERE ARE NO MORE QUESTIONS, 1353 00:55:04,760 --> 00:55:08,040 I'D LIKE TO INTRODUCE THE NEXT 1354 00:55:08,040 --> 00:55:10,320 PART OF THE PROGRAM Dr. RICK 1355 00:55:10,320 --> 00:55:13,280 KOUP THE ACTING DIRECTING OF THE 1356 00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:14,520 NIAID RESEARCH VACCINE CENTER 1357 00:55:14,520 --> 00:55:16,160 WILL UPDATE US ON THE LATEST 1358 00:55:16,160 --> 00:55:17,880 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND 1359 00:55:17,880 --> 00:55:21,240 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT THE VRC. 1360 00:55:21,240 --> 00:55:24,320 RICK, TAKE OVER. 1361 00:55:24,320 --> 00:55:28,480 >> HI, IT'S MY PLEASURE TO 1362 00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:30,440 UPDATE YOU TODAY ON OUR 1363 00:55:30,440 --> 00:55:32,160 ACTIVITIES AND PROGRESS OVER THE 1364 00:55:32,160 --> 00:55:32,960 LAST YEAR. 1365 00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:36,000 I WILL COVER THREE AREAS IN MY 1366 00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:36,520 PRESENTATION. 1367 00:55:36,520 --> 00:55:37,760 FIRST I WILL GIVE A QUICK 1368 00:55:37,760 --> 00:55:39,400 OVERVIEW OF THE VRC, WHO WE ARE 1369 00:55:39,400 --> 00:55:40,400 AND WHAT WE DO. 1370 00:55:40,400 --> 00:55:42,600 I WILL THEN PROVIDE AN UPDATE ON 1371 00:55:42,600 --> 00:55:44,760 OUR ON ON GOING EFFORTS AS PART 1372 00:55:44,760 --> 00:55:47,120 OF THE NATIONAL RESPONSE TO 1373 00:55:47,120 --> 00:55:47,760 COVID-19. 1374 00:55:47,760 --> 00:55:50,080 FINALLY I WILL GIVE YOU AN 1375 00:55:50,080 --> 00:55:52,280 UPDATE ON CURRENT VRC RESEARCH 1376 00:55:52,280 --> 00:55:52,600 ACTIVITIES. 1377 00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:54,040 I WILL NOT BE ABLE TO TOUCH ON 1378 00:55:54,040 --> 00:55:55,360 ALL THE RESEARCH WE ARE 1379 00:55:55,360 --> 00:55:56,760 CURRENTLY DOING, BUT I WILL 1380 00:55:56,760 --> 00:56:00,320 PROVIDE SOME UPDATES ON OUR 1381 00:56:00,320 --> 00:56:01,120 UNIVERSAL FLU VACCINE PROGRAM 1382 00:56:01,120 --> 00:56:05,000 AND OUR EFFORTS IN PANDEMIC 1383 00:56:05,000 --> 00:56:05,480 PREPAREDNESS. 1384 00:56:05,480 --> 00:56:07,280 THE VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER WAS 1385 00:56:07,280 --> 00:56:09,640 ESTABLISHED IN 2000 AS A CENTER 1386 00:56:09,640 --> 00:56:11,200 DEDICATED TO RESEARCH AND 1387 00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:13,120 DEVELOPMENT ON HIV VACCINES. 1388 00:56:13,120 --> 00:56:14,600 IT WAS DESIGNED TO BE ABLE TO 1389 00:56:14,600 --> 00:56:16,120 COVER ALL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH 1390 00:56:16,120 --> 00:56:18,840 AND DEVELOPMENT, WITHIN A SINGLE 1391 00:56:18,840 --> 00:56:19,880 CENTER, ALLOWING FOR BASIC 1392 00:56:19,880 --> 00:56:21,560 RESEARCH TO DISCOVERIES TO BE 1393 00:56:21,560 --> 00:56:23,800 TRANSLATED TO FIRST IN HUMAN 1394 00:56:23,800 --> 00:56:25,000 CLINICAL TRIALS. 1395 00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:26,800 THE DEDICATED TEAM OF SCIENTISTS 1396 00:56:26,800 --> 00:56:29,880 INCLUDES EXPERTS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 1397 00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:31,520 VIROLOGY, STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY, 1398 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:34,480 BIO ENGINEERING, PRODUCT 1399 00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:37,360 FORMULATION, MANUFACTURING, AND 1400 00:56:37,360 --> 00:56:37,960 CLINICAL TRIALS. 1401 00:56:37,960 --> 00:56:39,960 IN THE 21 YEARS SINCE ITS 1402 00:56:39,960 --> 00:56:41,760 INCEPTION, AS AN AIDS VACCINE 1403 00:56:41,760 --> 00:56:43,560 CENTER, THIS SCOPE OF THE VRC 1404 00:56:43,560 --> 00:56:44,760 HAS EXPANDED. 1405 00:56:44,760 --> 00:56:46,800 AND WE LIKE TO SAY NOW WE COVER 1406 00:56:46,800 --> 00:56:48,640 EVERYTHING FROM AIDS TO ZIKA. 1407 00:56:48,640 --> 00:56:50,120 IN FACT, THE LIST ON THIS SLIDE 1408 00:56:50,120 --> 00:56:52,240 GIVES YOU AN IDEA OF THE SCOPE 1409 00:56:52,240 --> 00:56:54,240 AND BREADTH OF ACTIVE VACCINE 1410 00:56:54,240 --> 00:56:55,320 RESEARCH AT OUR CENTER. 1411 00:56:55,320 --> 00:56:58,080 WE HAVE DEVELOPED VACCINES IN 1412 00:56:58,080 --> 00:56:59,400 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO THE 1413 00:56:59,400 --> 00:57:00,680 PATHOGENS ON THIS LIST AND 1414 00:57:00,680 --> 00:57:02,800 SEVERAL HAVE BEEN LICENSED TO 1415 00:57:02,800 --> 00:57:05,080 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTNERS. 1416 00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:06,520 THIS SLIDE PROVIDES A QUICK 1417 00:57:06,520 --> 00:57:08,360 OVERVIEW OF THE FACILITIES IN 1418 00:57:08,360 --> 00:57:10,000 CAPABILITIES OF THE VRC WHICH 1419 00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:11,840 INCLUDES THE UNIQUE PRODUCT 1420 00:57:11,840 --> 00:57:13,520 ENGINEERING GROUP AND THE PILOT 1421 00:57:13,520 --> 00:57:15,800 PLAN WHICH ALLOW US TO TRANSLATE 1422 00:57:15,800 --> 00:57:18,120 BASIC SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES 1423 00:57:18,120 --> 00:57:20,200 INTO MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL 1424 00:57:20,200 --> 00:57:22,680 GRADE MATERIALS FOR USE IN HUMAN 1425 00:57:22,680 --> 00:57:22,920 TRIALS. 1426 00:57:22,920 --> 00:57:24,840 WHILE WE CAN AND HAVE PRODUCED 1427 00:57:24,840 --> 00:57:26,040 CLINICAL MATERIALS, AND 1428 00:57:26,040 --> 00:57:27,440 COMPLETED HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS 1429 00:57:27,440 --> 00:57:29,240 FOR MANY PRODUCTS, INCLUDING 1430 00:57:29,240 --> 00:57:30,960 THOSE ON THE LIST ON THE RIGHT, 1431 00:57:30,960 --> 00:57:33,360 WE DO NOT AND CANNOT ACTUALLY 1432 00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:35,080 LICENSE PRODUCTS FOR CLINICAL 1433 00:57:35,080 --> 00:57:35,680 USE. 1434 00:57:35,680 --> 00:57:37,080 FOR THAT WE PARTNER WITH 1435 00:57:37,080 --> 00:57:39,320 INDUSTRY AND WHO CAN TAKE THE 1436 00:57:39,320 --> 00:57:40,880 PRODUCTS WE DEVELOP THROUGH FULL 1437 00:57:40,880 --> 00:57:43,560 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND 1438 00:57:43,560 --> 00:57:44,000 LICENSURE. 1439 00:57:44,000 --> 00:57:45,360 LET ME NOW SHIFT GEARS AND TELL 1440 00:57:45,360 --> 00:57:47,000 YOU ABOUT OUR ON GOING EFFORTS 1441 00:57:47,000 --> 00:57:49,000 AS PART OF THE NATIONAL RESPONSE 1442 00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:52,680 TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 1443 00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:54,560 MOST PEOPLE ARE AWARE OF THE 1444 00:57:54,560 --> 00:57:56,000 SUPPORT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT 1445 00:57:56,000 --> 00:57:57,360 PROVIDED TO THE SUCCESSFUL 1446 00:57:57,360 --> 00:57:59,000 EFFORT TO DEVELOP TEST AND 1447 00:57:59,000 --> 00:58:01,080 DEMONSTRATE EFFICACY OF THE SIX 1448 00:58:01,080 --> 00:58:04,120 VACCINES LISTED HERE. 1449 00:58:04,120 --> 00:58:05,640 FORMALLY CALLED OPERATION WARP 1450 00:58:05,640 --> 00:58:08,920 SPEED AND NOW CALLED THE HCORE, 1451 00:58:08,920 --> 00:58:10,520 SCIENTISTS WERE INVOLVED IN ALL 1452 00:58:10,520 --> 00:58:14,040 ASPECTS OF THIS EFFORT AND 1453 00:58:14,040 --> 00:58:16,080 BARNEY GRAHAM WERE INSTRUMENTAL 1454 00:58:16,080 --> 00:58:19,480 IN DISCOVERING THE S2P MUTATION 1455 00:58:19,480 --> 00:58:21,040 THAT STABILIZES THE SPIKE 1456 00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:21,880 PROTEIN OF THE SARS-CoV-2 AND 1457 00:58:21,880 --> 00:58:23,400 USED IN FIVE OF THE SIX U.S. 1458 00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:25,200 GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED COVID-19 1459 00:58:25,200 --> 00:58:27,800 VACCINE PRODUCTS LISTED HERE. 1460 00:58:27,800 --> 00:58:30,000 FORMER DIRECTOR JOHN MASSTOLA 1461 00:58:30,000 --> 00:58:31,400 WAS CO-LEAD OF THE VACCINE 1462 00:58:31,400 --> 00:58:32,080 DEVELOPMENT TEAM. 1463 00:58:32,080 --> 00:58:34,680 FORMER DEPUTY DIRECTORS BARNEY 1464 00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:36,760 GRAHAM AND JULIE LEDGERWOOD HELP 1465 00:58:36,760 --> 00:58:38,080 LEAD VARIOUS EFFORTS IN THE 1466 00:58:38,080 --> 00:58:40,120 CLINICAL TRIALS OF THESE 1467 00:58:40,120 --> 00:58:40,760 VACCINES. 1468 00:58:40,760 --> 00:58:42,920 I CONTINUE TO BE CO-LEADER OF 1469 00:58:42,920 --> 00:58:47,200 THE IMMUNE ASSAY TEAM THAT HAVE 1470 00:58:47,200 --> 00:58:47,920 ANTIBODIES THAT BIND TO THE 1471 00:58:47,920 --> 00:58:51,760 SPIKE PROTEIN AND NEUTRAL LIES 1472 00:58:51,760 --> 00:58:52,160 SARS-CoV-2. 1473 00:58:52,160 --> 00:58:56,040 AND OUR CURRENTLY BEING USED TO 1474 00:58:56,040 --> 00:58:57,120 EXPANSION OF THE CURRENTLY 1475 00:58:57,120 --> 00:58:58,200 LICENSED VACCINES INTO 1476 00:58:58,200 --> 00:59:00,160 ADDITIONAL POPULATIONS. 1477 00:59:00,160 --> 00:59:04,440 WITHIN THAT EFFORT, ADRIAN 1478 00:59:04,440 --> 00:59:06,000 McDERMOTT WHO HEADS THE 1479 00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:08,600 PROGRAM AT THE VRC HAD THE 1480 00:59:08,600 --> 00:59:10,560 BINDING ANTIBODY ASSAY USED IN 1481 00:59:10,560 --> 00:59:12,000 THIS EFFORT AND NANCY SULLIVAN 1482 00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:14,280 HELD WITH THE EFFORT TO EVALUATE 1483 00:59:14,280 --> 00:59:16,200 THE SARS-CoV-2-SPECIFIC 1484 00:59:16,200 --> 00:59:18,320 MONOCLONAL A ANTIBODIES AS 1485 00:59:18,320 --> 00:59:18,520 THERAPY. 1486 00:59:18,520 --> 00:59:21,000 I CAN GO ON BUT TIME DOES NOT 1487 00:59:21,000 --> 00:59:22,480 PERMIT SO SUFFICE IT TO SAY I'M 1488 00:59:22,480 --> 00:59:25,280 PROUD OF THE VRC'S CONTRIBUTION 1489 00:59:25,280 --> 00:59:32,880 TO THIS NATIONAL EFFORT. 1490 00:59:32,880 --> 00:59:33,680 UNFORTUNATELY THE REALIZATION 1491 00:59:33,680 --> 00:59:36,840 THAT THE VIRUS IS UNIQUELY 1492 00:59:36,840 --> 00:59:38,400 CAPABLE OF MUTATING ITS SPIKE 1493 00:59:38,400 --> 00:59:39,720 PROTEIN TO STAY SOMEWHAT BUT AS 1494 00:59:39,720 --> 00:59:41,440 I WILL HOPEFULLY SHOW YOU NOT 1495 00:59:41,440 --> 00:59:44,000 COMPLETELY AHEAD OF OUR VACCINE 1496 00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:44,680 EFFORT. 1497 00:59:44,680 --> 00:59:46,160 MULTIPLE VARIANTS OF CONCERN 1498 00:59:46,160 --> 00:59:47,680 HAVE A RISEN AROUND THE GLOBE, 1499 00:59:47,680 --> 00:59:49,320 THE MOST RECENT BEING THE 1500 00:59:49,320 --> 00:59:51,040 OMICRON ON THE RIGHT. 1501 00:59:51,040 --> 00:59:53,360 WITH FAR MORE MUTATIONS THAN THE 1502 00:59:53,360 --> 00:59:54,000 PRIOR VARIANTS. 1503 00:59:54,000 --> 00:59:56,360 AND WHICH IS LED TO THE 1504 00:59:56,360 --> 00:59:58,600 SUBSEQUENT WAVES OF SUB VARIANTS 1505 00:59:58,600 --> 01:00:04,360 INCLUDING BA.1, 2, 2.12.1, 4 AND 1506 01:00:04,360 --> 01:00:04,680 5. 1507 01:00:04,680 --> 01:00:11,000 EACH NEW VARIANT HAS REPLACED 1508 01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:12,640 PRIOR VARIANTS AND THEY'RE PRO 1509 01:00:12,640 --> 01:00:14,760 RESISTANT TO LICENSED ANTIBODY 1510 01:00:14,760 --> 01:00:16,800 THERAPY AND VACCINES. 1511 01:00:16,800 --> 01:00:18,680 THE VRC IS INVOLVED IN TWO 1512 01:00:18,680 --> 01:00:20,240 IMPORTANT EFFORTS TO COMBAT 1513 01:00:20,240 --> 01:00:24,680 THESE NEW VARIANTS. 1514 01:00:24,680 --> 01:00:28,560 FIRST, WE FORMED A PIPPY LIE 1515 01:00:28,560 --> 01:00:30,160 LILLY TO ISOLATE AND CHARACTER 1516 01:00:30,160 --> 01:00:32,000 EYES MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 1517 01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:34,840 AGAINST SARS-CoV-2. 1518 01:00:34,840 --> 01:00:39,440 USING BLOOD MONO NUCLEAR CELLS, 1519 01:00:39,440 --> 01:00:41,320 BEFORE THERE WERE ANY VARIANTS 1520 01:00:41,320 --> 01:00:43,080 OF CONCERN, THIS PARTNERSHIP LED 1521 01:00:43,080 --> 01:00:46,520 TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND LICENSE 1522 01:00:46,520 --> 01:00:53,440 OF LIVE COV555 OR USED AS A 1523 01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:55,280 AGENT IN COVID PATIENTS AND WHEN 1524 01:00:55,280 --> 01:00:57,120 IT WAS CLEAR THAT SUBSEQUENT 1525 01:00:57,120 --> 01:00:58,560 WAVES OF VARIANTS WERE RESISTANT 1526 01:00:58,560 --> 01:01:02,360 TO THIS AND OTHER ANTIBODIES, 1527 01:01:02,360 --> 01:01:05,080 ADDITIONAL ANTIBODY FROM THE 1528 01:01:05,080 --> 01:01:06,720 ORIGINAL SCREENING AND 1529 01:01:06,720 --> 01:01:08,240 CHARACTERIZATION WERE EVALUATED 1530 01:01:08,240 --> 01:01:10,960 AT THE VRC AGAINST OMICRON AND 1531 01:01:10,960 --> 01:01:12,920 THE OTHER VARIANTS. 1532 01:01:12,920 --> 01:01:17,520 AMAZINGLY, ANTIBODY LYCOV1404 1533 01:01:17,520 --> 01:01:19,840 FROM THAT SAME DONOR WAS HIGHLY 1534 01:01:19,840 --> 01:01:21,520 ACTIVE AGAINST ALL OMICRON 1535 01:01:21,520 --> 01:01:23,160 VARIANTS AND THIS LED TO THE 1536 01:01:23,160 --> 01:01:28,520 RAPID TESTING AND LICENSURE OF 1537 01:01:28,520 --> 01:01:31,120 BEBTELOVIMAB BY ELI LILLY. 1538 01:01:31,120 --> 01:01:32,800 THIS SLIDE SHOWS DATA GENERATED 1539 01:01:32,800 --> 01:01:43,440 AT THE VRC -- LISTED As CROSS 1540 01:01:43,440 --> 01:01:44,280 THE TOP OF THE TABLE. 1541 01:01:44,280 --> 01:01:45,800 THE REDDER THE BOX THE MORE 1542 01:01:45,800 --> 01:01:47,720 SENSITIVE THE STRAIN IS TO THE 1543 01:01:47,720 --> 01:01:49,360 ANTIBODIES ON THE LEFT. 1544 01:01:49,360 --> 01:01:54,520 AS YOU CAN SEE, BEBTELOVIMAB IS 1545 01:01:54,520 --> 01:01:56,800 THE ONLY ANTIBODY WITH BROAD 1546 01:01:56,800 --> 01:01:58,240 ACTIVITY AGAINST ALL OMICRON SUB 1547 01:01:58,240 --> 01:02:00,920 VARIANTS AND IT'S THE ONLY 1548 01:02:00,920 --> 01:02:02,920 ANTIBODY CURRENTLY BEING USED 1549 01:02:02,920 --> 01:02:05,320 FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19. 1550 01:02:05,320 --> 01:02:07,200 BUT BEYOND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN 1551 01:02:07,200 --> 01:02:08,960 IMPORTANT PRODUCT, THE DISCOVERY 1552 01:02:08,960 --> 01:02:10,560 OF ANTIBODIES WITH BROAD 1553 01:02:10,560 --> 01:02:13,000 ACTIVITY AGAINST OMICRON, IN AN 1554 01:02:13,000 --> 01:02:14,640 INDIVIDUAL INFECTED WITH THE 1555 01:02:14,640 --> 01:02:17,360 ORIGINAL WASHINGTON STRAIN, LONG 1556 01:02:17,360 --> 01:02:19,200 BEFORE OMICRON AROSE, INDICATES 1557 01:02:19,200 --> 01:02:21,280 THAT THE PEOPLE INFECTED WITH 1558 01:02:21,280 --> 01:02:23,200 EARLY STRAINS OF SARS-CoV-2 1559 01:02:23,200 --> 01:02:25,640 MAY HAVE MEMORY B CELLS CAPABLE 1560 01:02:25,640 --> 01:02:27,560 OF RESPONDING WITH STRONG 1561 01:02:27,560 --> 01:02:28,840 ACTIVITY AGAINST NEW VARIANTS AS 1562 01:02:28,840 --> 01:02:31,160 THEY A ARRIVE. 1563 01:02:31,160 --> 01:02:33,800 AS THIS IS A VERY HOPEFUL RESULT 1564 01:02:33,800 --> 01:02:35,400 WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR HOW PEOPLE 1565 01:02:35,400 --> 01:02:38,400 MAY DEAL IMMUNE LOGICALLY WITH 1566 01:02:38,400 --> 01:02:41,920 FUTURE VARIANTS OF SARS-CoV-2. 1567 01:02:41,920 --> 01:02:44,120 IN THE SPRING OF LAST YEAR, WE 1568 01:02:44,120 --> 01:02:47,240 WERE FACED WITH A VACCINE POLICY 1569 01:02:47,240 --> 01:02:47,480 ISSUE. 1570 01:02:47,480 --> 01:02:53,600 WHEN THE BETA STRAIN OF COVID-19 1571 01:02:53,600 --> 01:02:55,920 ARRIVED AND WE DIDN'T KNOW HOW 1572 01:02:55,920 --> 01:02:57,960 THE POPULATION WOULD RESPOND TO 1573 01:02:57,960 --> 01:02:59,440 THE BETA STRAIN AND WHETHER WE 1574 01:02:59,440 --> 01:03:00,840 COULD BOOST WITH THE EXISTING 1575 01:03:00,840 --> 01:03:02,600 STRAIN OR INTRODUCE THE BETA 1576 01:03:02,600 --> 01:03:04,120 STRAIN INTO THE VACCINE BOOST IN 1577 01:03:04,120 --> 01:03:06,600 ORDER TO STIMULATE PROTECTIVE 1578 01:03:06,600 --> 01:03:09,160 RESPONSES AGAINST BETA. 1579 01:03:09,160 --> 01:03:11,240 LUCKILY, Dr. BOB SEDER WAS 1580 01:03:11,240 --> 01:03:14,240 POISED AND READY TO DO CRITICAL 1581 01:03:14,240 --> 01:03:16,960 EXPERIMENTS THAT HELPED FORM THE 1582 01:03:16,960 --> 01:03:18,560 BASIC SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF OUR 1583 01:03:18,560 --> 01:03:21,160 BOOST STRATEGY SO FAR. 1584 01:03:21,160 --> 01:03:25,800 Dr. SEDER HAD MONKEYS THAT 1585 01:03:25,800 --> 01:03:27,800 WERE VACCINATED WITH MODERNA AND 1586 01:03:27,800 --> 01:03:29,520 WAS BASED ON THE ORIGINAL 1587 01:03:29,520 --> 01:03:30,400 WASHINGTON STRAIN. 1588 01:03:30,400 --> 01:03:32,240 AS SHOWN IN THE TOP PANEL, HE 1589 01:03:32,240 --> 01:03:34,480 SIMPLY BOOSTED THOSE MONKEYS 1590 01:03:34,480 --> 01:03:37,160 EITHER WITH THE ORIGINAL 1273 1591 01:03:37,160 --> 01:03:40,080 VACCINE OR A SIMILAR MRNA 1592 01:03:40,080 --> 01:03:41,120 VACCINE FROM MODERNA ENCODING 1593 01:03:41,120 --> 01:03:42,920 THE BETA STRAIN. 1594 01:03:42,920 --> 01:03:44,680 HE MEASURED NEUTRALIZING 1595 01:03:44,680 --> 01:03:45,600 ANTIBODY RESPONSES AGAINST THE 1596 01:03:45,600 --> 01:03:47,160 ORIGINAL OR THE BETA STRAIN OF 1597 01:03:47,160 --> 01:03:49,840 VIRUS AND CHALLENGED THE MONKEYS 1598 01:03:49,840 --> 01:03:52,200 WITH THE BETA STRAIN. 1599 01:03:52,200 --> 01:03:54,360 HE FOUND NEUTRALIZING THE 1600 01:03:54,360 --> 01:03:55,560 RESPONSE S WITH SIMILAR ACROSS 1601 01:03:55,560 --> 01:03:57,560 ALL VARIANTS AFTER BOOSTING WITH 1602 01:03:57,560 --> 01:03:59,320 EITHER STRAIN AND BOOSTING WITH 1603 01:03:59,320 --> 01:04:00,760 EITHER STRAIN INCREASES 1604 01:04:00,760 --> 01:04:03,400 PROTECTION AGAINST BETA. 1605 01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:04,680 THEREFORE, THE EXISTING VACCINE 1606 01:04:04,680 --> 01:04:06,840 WAS CAPABLE OF BOOSTING 1607 01:04:06,840 --> 01:04:08,480 PROTECTIVE RESPONSES AGAINST THE 1608 01:04:08,480 --> 01:04:09,160 BETA STRAIN. 1609 01:04:09,160 --> 01:04:11,320 WE DIDN'T HAVE TO DEVELOP NEW 1610 01:04:11,320 --> 01:04:13,560 VACCINES AGAINST BETA IN ORDER 1611 01:04:13,560 --> 01:04:15,840 TO INDUCE SPECIFIC-SPECIFICS 1612 01:04:15,840 --> 01:04:16,120 PROTECTION. 1613 01:04:16,120 --> 01:04:18,200 AS SHOWN IN THE BOTTOM PANEL, A 1614 01:04:18,200 --> 01:04:20,280 SIMILAR EXPERIMENT WITH SIMILAR 1615 01:04:20,280 --> 01:04:22,440 RESULTS WAS PERFORMED BY Dr. 1616 01:04:22,440 --> 01:04:24,760 SEDER WHEN THE OMICRON VARIANT 1617 01:04:24,760 --> 01:04:25,480 AROSE. 1618 01:04:25,480 --> 01:04:27,480 AGAIN, INDICATING THAT THE 1619 01:04:27,480 --> 01:04:29,040 EXISTING VACCINES WHEN BOOSTED 1620 01:04:29,040 --> 01:04:31,160 BY EXISTING VACCINES, COULD 1621 01:04:31,160 --> 01:04:32,720 INDUCE PROTECTIVE RESPONSES 1622 01:04:32,720 --> 01:04:35,560 AGAINST NEWLY ARISING STRAINS 1623 01:04:35,560 --> 01:04:39,440 THAT WERE QUITE DIFFERENT FROM 1624 01:04:39,440 --> 01:04:42,360 THE VACCINES ENCODED 1625 01:04:42,360 --> 01:04:42,720 STRAINS. 1626 01:04:42,720 --> 01:04:44,040 THIS DATA, PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE 1627 01:04:44,040 --> 01:04:47,960 LAST YEAR, WERE PRESENTED TO THE 1628 01:04:47,960 --> 01:04:49,680 ISRAELI GOVERNMENT ON 1629 01:04:49,680 --> 01:04:52,360 JULY 29th OF 2021. 1630 01:04:52,360 --> 01:04:53,520 JUST AS THEY WERE FACING A 1631 01:04:53,520 --> 01:04:55,480 DECISION ON HOW TO RESPOND TO A 1632 01:04:55,480 --> 01:04:58,080 RAPID RISE IN DELTA VIRUS 1633 01:04:58,080 --> 01:04:58,400 INFECTIONS. 1634 01:04:58,400 --> 01:05:00,680 THAT SAME DAY, THEY APPROVED THE 1635 01:05:00,680 --> 01:05:02,360 PLAN TO BOOST THEIR POPULATION 1636 01:05:02,360 --> 01:05:04,320 WITH EXISTING VACCINES. 1637 01:05:04,320 --> 01:05:06,400 LIKELY BASED AT LEAST PARTIALLY 1638 01:05:06,400 --> 01:05:08,200 ON Dr. SEDER'S DATA. 1639 01:05:08,200 --> 01:05:10,640 ON THE RIGHT SAY PUBLICATION 1640 01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:11,760 FROM MARCH OF THIS YEAR 1641 01:05:11,760 --> 01:05:13,800 REPORTING RESULT 0 THE 1642 01:05:13,800 --> 01:05:15,800 OMICRON-SPECIFIC BOOSTING IN 1643 01:05:15,800 --> 01:05:16,040 MONKEYS. 1644 01:05:16,040 --> 01:05:17,520 WHILE NOT HUMAN DATA I THINK THE 1645 01:05:17,520 --> 01:05:20,080 FINDINGS PRESENTED IN THESE TWO 1646 01:05:20,080 --> 01:05:22,240 PUBLICATIONS WERE AMONG THE 1647 01:05:22,240 --> 01:05:24,840 CRITICAL DATA THAT SHAPED POLICY 1648 01:05:24,840 --> 01:05:30,560 FOR VACCINE BOOSTING IN THE U.S. 1649 01:05:30,560 --> 01:05:32,200 DATA IN HUMANS MIRRORED AT LEAST 1650 01:05:32,200 --> 01:05:34,320 IN TERMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES, 1651 01:05:34,320 --> 01:05:37,240 WHAT Dr. SEDER SAW IN HIS 1652 01:05:37,240 --> 01:05:39,360 MONKEY EXPERIMENTS, THIS IS DATA 1653 01:05:39,360 --> 01:05:41,040 FROM THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF 1654 01:05:41,040 --> 01:05:42,840 MEDICINE THIS YEAR SHOWING THAT 1655 01:05:42,840 --> 01:05:45,200 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY RESPONSES 1656 01:05:45,200 --> 01:05:50,240 AGAINST THE WASHINGTON D614J AND 1657 01:05:50,240 --> 01:05:51,440 OMICRON STRAINS AFTER TWO DOSES 1658 01:05:51,440 --> 01:05:55,600 OF MODERNA'S 1273MRNA VACCINE ON 1659 01:05:55,600 --> 01:05:57,400 THE LEFT AND A BOOST WITH THAT 1660 01:05:57,400 --> 01:05:59,720 SAME VACCINE ON THE RIGHT. 1661 01:05:59,720 --> 01:06:01,320 WHILE THIS PUBLICATION 1662 01:06:01,320 --> 01:06:03,520 HIGHLIGHTED THE FULL DIFFERENCE 1663 01:06:03,520 --> 01:06:05,680 IN NEUTRALIZATION AGAINST THE 1664 01:06:05,680 --> 01:06:07,640 STRAINS, AFTER PRIMARY AND 1665 01:06:07,640 --> 01:06:08,640 BOOSTING VACCINATIONS SHOWN IN 1666 01:06:08,640 --> 01:06:10,320 THE BLUE NUMBERS ACROSS THE 1667 01:06:10,320 --> 01:06:11,800 FIGURES, I THINK THE IMPORTANT 1668 01:06:11,800 --> 01:06:18,040 DATA ARE THE ACTUAL AT TITER WD 1669 01:06:18,040 --> 01:06:21,680 VACCINATIONS SHOWN IN RED. 1670 01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:23,920 CIRCLED YOU CAN SEE THAT THE 1671 01:06:23,920 --> 01:06:25,880 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY RESPONSE 1672 01:06:25,880 --> 01:06:26,760 AGAINST OMICRON WAS QUITE LOW 1673 01:06:26,760 --> 01:06:29,040 AFTER THE PRIMARY VACCINE SERIES 1674 01:06:29,040 --> 01:06:31,120 BUT WAS STRONGLY BOOSTED WITH 1675 01:06:31,120 --> 01:06:39,280 THE THIRD DOSE OF THE MRNA1273 1676 01:06:39,280 --> 01:06:39,560 VACCINE. 1677 01:06:39,560 --> 01:06:42,480 THEY WERE LOWER AGAINST THE BETA 1678 01:06:42,480 --> 01:06:45,400 STRAIN, THAT DIFFERENCE WAS MUCH 1679 01:06:45,400 --> 01:06:46,960 LESS AFTER BOOSTING. 1680 01:06:46,960 --> 01:06:48,800 LET ME NOW SPEND A LITTLE TIME 1681 01:06:48,800 --> 01:06:50,800 TELLING YOU ABOUT ON GOING 1682 01:06:50,800 --> 01:06:53,760 RESEARCH EFFORTS IN UNIVERSAL 1683 01:06:53,760 --> 01:06:57,480 INFLUENZA VACCINES AND PANDEMIC 1684 01:06:57,480 --> 01:07:00,480 PREPAREDNESS. 1685 01:07:00,480 --> 01:07:02,000 THE ENTIRE FLU VACCINE 1686 01:07:02,000 --> 01:07:04,760 DEVELOPMENT TEAM AT THE VRC HAVE 1687 01:07:04,760 --> 01:07:05,480 MULTIPLE PRODUCTS AND 1688 01:07:05,480 --> 01:07:07,480 DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN CLINICAL 1689 01:07:07,480 --> 01:07:10,560 TESTING ALL BASED UPON THE 1690 01:07:10,560 --> 01:07:12,560 NANOPARTICLE PLATFORMS SHOWN 1691 01:07:12,560 --> 01:07:12,840 HERE. 1692 01:07:12,840 --> 01:07:17,200 THE THREE ON THE LEFT ARE BASED 1693 01:07:17,200 --> 01:07:20,400 UPON FERRITIN NANO PARTS AND 1694 01:07:20,400 --> 01:07:23,560 HAVE HA PRIMERS PER PARTICLE. 1695 01:07:23,560 --> 01:07:25,160 THE FIRST EXPRESSES FULL LENGTH 1696 01:07:25,160 --> 01:07:28,680 HA AND THE NEXT TWO EXPRESS 1697 01:07:28,680 --> 01:07:29,920 STABILIZED-STEMS FROM THE HA 1698 01:07:29,920 --> 01:07:33,520 FROM GROUP ONE OR GROUP TWO 1699 01:07:33,520 --> 01:07:33,920 INFLUENZA. 1700 01:07:33,920 --> 01:07:35,160 THOSE LETTERS STEM ONLY 1701 01:07:35,160 --> 01:07:37,280 PARTICLES ARE DESIGNED WITH THE 1702 01:07:37,280 --> 01:07:38,880 SOLE PURPOSE OF BEING ABLE TO 1703 01:07:38,880 --> 01:07:41,560 STIMULATE BROAD CROSS REACTIVE 1704 01:07:41,560 --> 01:07:43,440 STEM-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY 1705 01:07:43,440 --> 01:07:44,440 RESPONSES. 1706 01:07:44,440 --> 01:07:45,800 SPECIFICALLY, BECAUSE THE MORE 1707 01:07:45,800 --> 01:07:47,560 VARIABLE HEAD REGION IS NOT 1708 01:07:47,560 --> 01:07:47,760 PRESENT. 1709 01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:50,280 AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WILL NOT 1710 01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:53,080 BE DISTRACTED TO PRODUCE MORE 1711 01:07:53,080 --> 01:07:54,800 TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO HEAD 1712 01:07:54,800 --> 01:07:57,360 SPECIFIC VARIABLE EPITOPES. 1713 01:07:57,360 --> 01:08:00,720 IN COLLABORATION WITH NEIL KING 1714 01:08:00,720 --> 01:08:01,880 IN SEATTLE, SHE HAS ALSO 1715 01:08:01,880 --> 01:08:04,880 DEVELOPED AWE A MOSAIC HIV 1716 01:08:04,880 --> 01:08:07,920 NANOPARTICLE VACCINE THAT 1717 01:08:07,920 --> 01:08:09,920 EXPRESSES 20HA PRIMERS FROM FOUR 1718 01:08:09,920 --> 01:08:11,880 DIFFERENT STRAINS IN AN ORDER 1719 01:08:11,880 --> 01:08:12,200 ARRAY. 1720 01:08:12,200 --> 01:08:13,560 THAT VACCINE ENTERED CLINICAL 1721 01:08:13,560 --> 01:08:15,360 TRIALS LAST YEAR. 1722 01:08:15,360 --> 01:08:17,720 THE POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF THE 1723 01:08:17,720 --> 01:08:20,000 NANOPARTICLE PLATFORMS ARE THE 1724 01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:21,280 THESE PARTICLES MIMIC THE SIZE 1725 01:08:21,280 --> 01:08:23,600 AND SHAPE OF THE VIRUS, AND ARE 1726 01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:24,880 ENGINEERED SUCH THAT WE CAN 1727 01:08:24,880 --> 01:08:26,200 CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF THE 1728 01:08:26,200 --> 01:08:28,320 ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE OF THE 1729 01:08:28,320 --> 01:08:31,240 PARTICLE AND CAN MAKE THEM MULTI 1730 01:08:31,240 --> 01:08:36,080 VEIL ANT WITH STRAINS OF 1731 01:08:36,080 --> 01:08:38,160 INFLUENZA AND DATA ARE COMING IN 1732 01:08:38,160 --> 01:08:41,800 RAPIDLY ON THESE VACCINE 1733 01:08:41,800 --> 01:08:43,160 CONSTRUCT, LET ME GIVE YOU THE 1734 01:08:43,160 --> 01:08:48,320 RESULT FULL LENGTH NANOPARTICLE 1735 01:08:48,320 --> 01:08:55,800 SHOWN IN THE FAR-LEFT. 1736 01:08:55,800 --> 01:08:58,320 THE VACCINE WAS SAFE AND IMMUNE 1737 01:08:58,320 --> 01:09:00,000 AGAIN I CAN IN HUMANS WHETHER 1738 01:09:00,000 --> 01:09:01,400 THE VACCINE WAS GIVEN AS TWO 1739 01:09:01,400 --> 01:09:03,960 DOSES OF THE PARTICLE, SHOWN ON 1740 01:09:03,960 --> 01:09:06,280 THE LEFT, OR AS A PARTICLEN 1741 01:09:06,280 --> 01:09:08,320 CODED BY DNA FOLLOWED BY THE 1742 01:09:08,320 --> 01:09:10,200 PROTEIN PARTICLE ON THE RIGHT, 1743 01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:11,840 THE VACCINE WAS ABLE TO 1744 01:09:11,840 --> 01:09:13,880 STIMULATE NEUTRALIZING 1745 01:09:13,880 --> 01:09:16,720 ANTIBODIES AGAINST A H2N2 STRAIN 1746 01:09:16,720 --> 01:09:21,240 ON THE TOP, OR THE STRAIN SHOWN 1747 01:09:21,240 --> 01:09:26,360 ON THE BOTTOM. 1748 01:09:26,360 --> 01:09:28,480 AND THE NEUTRALIZING RESPONSES 1749 01:09:28,480 --> 01:09:31,200 INDUCED BY THE H2 NANOPARTICLE 1750 01:09:31,200 --> 01:09:33,400 VACCINE WERE MORE CROSS REACTIVE 1751 01:09:33,400 --> 01:09:37,520 THAN ANTIBODIES GENERATED BY THE 1752 01:09:37,520 --> 01:09:39,040 H5MIV VACCINE USED AS A 1753 01:09:39,040 --> 01:09:40,360 COMPARATIVE GROUP IN THIS TRIAL. 1754 01:09:40,360 --> 01:09:43,680 AS SHOWN IN THE BOTTOM GRAPH, 1755 01:09:43,680 --> 01:09:45,800 THE NANOPARTICLE VACCINE INDUCED 1756 01:09:45,800 --> 01:09:50,080 A BALANCED H2H5 RESPONSE WHERE 1757 01:09:50,080 --> 01:09:52,920 THE H5 VACCINE HAD A DOMINANT H5 1758 01:09:52,920 --> 01:09:55,920 RESPONSE TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE 1759 01:09:55,920 --> 01:09:56,960 H2 RESPONSE. 1760 01:09:56,960 --> 01:09:59,240 Dr. SARAH ANDREWS WORKING IN 1761 01:09:59,240 --> 01:10:03,320 Dr. ADRIAN McDERMOTT'S LAB 1762 01:10:03,320 --> 01:10:07,840 SHOWED IT WAS A SINGLE CHANGE AT 1763 01:10:07,840 --> 01:10:09,440 POSITION 45 WITHIN THE STEM. 1764 01:10:09,440 --> 01:10:12,400 IN THE ABSENCE OF THIS CHANGE, A 1765 01:10:12,400 --> 01:10:14,360 DOMINANT RESPONSE WAS ELICITED 1766 01:10:14,360 --> 01:10:17,840 TO THE H5 WHICH COULD NOT 1767 01:10:17,840 --> 01:10:19,840 RECOGNIZE THE STEM OF H2 AS 1768 01:10:19,840 --> 01:10:24,880 SHOWN ON THE RIGHT. 1769 01:10:24,880 --> 01:10:26,320 LASTLY, THE DOCTOR HAS BEEN 1770 01:10:26,320 --> 01:10:29,320 WORKING WITH Dr. NEIL KING TO 1771 01:10:29,320 --> 01:10:34,320 STABILIZE THE TETRA FORM OF THE 1772 01:10:34,320 --> 01:10:36,600 INFLUENZA FOR FUTURE VACCINES 1773 01:10:36,600 --> 01:10:37,000 EFFORTS. 1774 01:10:37,000 --> 01:10:43,840 AS YOU ARE AWARE, NEURAMINIDAES 1775 01:10:43,840 --> 01:10:46,040 IS MUCH LESS VARIABLE THAN HA. 1776 01:10:46,040 --> 01:10:52,720 MAKING IT AN EXCELLENT IMMUNEGEN 1777 01:10:52,720 --> 01:10:53,480 CHOICE FOR INFLUENZA VACCINE 1778 01:10:53,480 --> 01:10:53,760 EFFORTS. 1779 01:10:53,760 --> 01:10:55,280 THE DOCTORS WORKING TOGETHER 1780 01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:57,480 HAVE FIGURED OUT HOW TO 1781 01:10:57,480 --> 01:11:00,320 STABILIZE THE PROTEIN AS A TIGHT 1782 01:11:00,320 --> 01:11:02,520 FORM AS SHOWN IN BLUE. 1783 01:11:02,520 --> 01:11:04,680 THIS STABILIZED PROTEIN CALLED 1784 01:11:04,680 --> 01:11:06,160 SNAP, CAN NOW BE USED FOR 1785 01:11:06,160 --> 01:11:12,600 STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE 1786 01:11:12,600 --> 01:11:13,960 NEURAMINIDASE AND IT CAN BE USED 1787 01:11:13,960 --> 01:11:16,560 AS A ASSAY OR A PROBE TO PULL 1788 01:11:16,560 --> 01:11:21,680 OUT NEURAMINIDASE-SPECIFIC 1789 01:11:21,680 --> 01:11:22,880 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES. 1790 01:11:22,880 --> 01:11:25,440 NOW ON TO OUR PANDEMIC 1791 01:11:25,440 --> 01:11:26,680 PREPAREDNESS EFFORTS. 1792 01:11:26,680 --> 01:11:28,680 THE VRC HAS BEEN DEVELOPING A 1793 01:11:28,680 --> 01:11:30,680 STRATEGY TO PREPARE FOR 1794 01:11:30,680 --> 01:11:33,840 POTENTIAL FUTURE VIRAL PANDEMIC. 1795 01:11:33,840 --> 01:11:35,680 THE PRIORITY PROTOCOL PATHOGEN 1796 01:11:35,680 --> 01:11:38,760 APPROACH WAS DESCRIBED BY VRC 1797 01:11:38,760 --> 01:11:39,560 SCIENTISTS Dr. BARNEY GRAHAM 1798 01:11:39,560 --> 01:11:40,960 AND Dr. NANCY SULLIVAN IN 1799 01:11:40,960 --> 01:11:43,040 NATURE MEDICINE IN 2018. 1800 01:11:43,040 --> 01:11:47,320 AND CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOW0 1801 01:11:47,320 --> 01:11:49,560 DIFFERENT VIRUS FAMILIES THAT 1802 01:11:49,560 --> 01:11:52,560 COULD FORM THE BASIS OF FUTURE 1803 01:11:52,560 --> 01:11:52,840 PANDEMIC. 1804 01:11:52,840 --> 01:11:55,000 FOR EACH VIRAL FAMILY, ONE NEEDS 1805 01:11:55,000 --> 01:11:58,040 TO UNDERSTAND THE VIRAL 1806 01:11:58,040 --> 01:11:58,440 CHARACTERISTICS. 1807 01:11:58,440 --> 01:11:59,480 FOR INSTANCE, THE TYPE OF 1808 01:11:59,480 --> 01:12:01,200 SURFACE PROTEIN USED FOR ENTRY, 1809 01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:05,080 AND HOW TO STABILIZE IT IN A PRE 1810 01:12:05,080 --> 01:12:05,360 FUSION FORM. 1811 01:12:05,360 --> 01:12:07,280 INFORMATION THAT WAS CRITICAL TO 1812 01:12:07,280 --> 01:12:10,480 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RSV AND COVID 1813 01:12:10,480 --> 01:12:11,040 VACCINES. 1814 01:12:11,040 --> 01:12:12,560 BASED UPON THAT KNOWLEDGE, 1815 01:12:12,560 --> 01:12:14,080 IMMUNE AGAINS CAN BE DESIGNED 1816 01:12:14,080 --> 01:12:17,200 AND USED BOTH AS POTENTIAL 1817 01:12:17,200 --> 01:12:20,600 VACCINES AND PROBES TO PULL OUT 1818 01:12:20,600 --> 01:12:22,000 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES. 1819 01:12:22,000 --> 01:12:25,640 BOTH AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 1820 01:12:25,640 --> 01:12:26,680 CANNING MANUFACTURED AND TESTED 1821 01:12:26,680 --> 01:12:30,520 IN HUMANS FOR SAFETY OR 1822 01:12:30,520 --> 01:12:39,160 THERAPEUTIC EFFECT RESPECTIVELY. 1823 01:12:39,160 --> 01:12:41,200 TO ICE A BASEBALL ANALOGY, THIS 1824 01:12:41,200 --> 01:12:42,720 WOULD PUT US ON THIRD BASE AT 1825 01:12:42,720 --> 01:12:44,920 START OF A PANDEMIC NOT SITTING 1826 01:12:44,920 --> 01:12:51,000 IN THE DUGOUT. 1827 01:12:51,000 --> 01:12:52,400 Dr. CAREEN BOK HAS REVIEWED 1828 01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:54,400 THE CURRENT STATUS OF VACCINES 1829 01:12:54,400 --> 01:12:56,400 AGAINST THE 30 VIRUS FAMILY AND 1830 01:12:56,400 --> 01:12:58,880 HAS RANKED THEM ACCORDING TO 1831 01:12:58,880 --> 01:13:00,600 PREPAREDNESS LEVELS FROM 0 IN 1832 01:13:00,600 --> 01:13:03,920 RED LACKING ANY PROTOTYPE WITH A 1833 01:13:03,920 --> 01:13:06,160 CANDIDATE VACCINE TO 3 IN GREEN, 1834 01:13:06,160 --> 01:13:08,880 WHERE AT LEAST ONE EXISTING 1835 01:13:08,880 --> 01:13:10,520 PROTOTYPE VACCINE IS IN LATE 1836 01:13:10,520 --> 01:13:14,560 CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OR ALREADY 1837 01:13:14,560 --> 01:13:14,920 APPROVED. 1838 01:13:14,920 --> 01:13:16,800 THE DARKER BOXES HERE INDICATE 1839 01:13:16,800 --> 01:13:20,080 THE VIRUS FAMILIES FOR WHICH THE 1840 01:13:20,080 --> 01:13:22,680 VRC HAS AN ACTIVE VACCINE OR 1841 01:13:22,680 --> 01:13:23,880 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PROGRAM. 1842 01:13:23,880 --> 01:13:26,000 WE HAVE A FAIRLY EXTENSIVE 1843 01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:26,440 EFFORT. 1844 01:13:26,440 --> 01:13:27,920 WHILE I CAN'T DESCRIBE ALL OF 1845 01:13:27,920 --> 01:13:30,120 THEM, LET ME UPDATE YOU ON OUR 1846 01:13:30,120 --> 01:13:32,840 PARA MIX OF VIRUS VACCINES 1847 01:13:32,840 --> 01:13:40,680 EFFORTS, THE SECOND DARK ORANGE 1848 01:13:40,680 --> 01:13:43,680 BOX. 1849 01:13:43,680 --> 01:13:45,320 THE TAX OWE MIX OWE OF PANDEMIC 1850 01:13:45,320 --> 01:13:46,440 POTENTIAL. 1851 01:13:46,440 --> 01:13:48,600 Dr. NANCY SULLIVAN IS RUNNING 1852 01:13:48,600 --> 01:13:50,280 THIS PROGRAM AND IT WAS 1853 01:13:50,280 --> 01:13:52,440 INITIALLY BEGUN IN Dr. BARNEY 1854 01:13:52,440 --> 01:13:53,200 GRAHAM'S LAB. 1855 01:13:53,200 --> 01:13:55,200 THIS WAS BEGUN AS A 1856 01:13:55,200 --> 01:13:55,800 COLLABORATION BETWEEN MODERNA 1857 01:13:55,800 --> 01:13:58,520 AND THE VRC AS A DEMONSTRATION 1858 01:13:58,520 --> 01:14:00,520 PROJECT FOR HOW RAPIDLY WE COULD 1859 01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:05,160 RESPOND TO A PANDEMIC USING MRNA 1860 01:14:05,160 --> 01:14:05,440 TECHNOLOGY. 1861 01:14:05,440 --> 01:14:06,920 IT WAS SIDELINED TEMPORARILY 1862 01:14:06,920 --> 01:14:08,520 DURING THE COVID PANDEMIC BUT 1863 01:14:08,520 --> 01:14:10,360 THE COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE 1864 01:14:10,360 --> 01:14:12,720 VRC AND MODERNA TO BRING A COVID 1865 01:14:12,720 --> 01:14:13,760 VACCINE TO AUTHORIZATION IN LESS 1866 01:14:13,760 --> 01:14:16,240 THAN A YEAR, WAS A REAL WORLD 1867 01:14:16,240 --> 01:14:17,640 TEST OF HOW SUCCESSFUL THIS 1868 01:14:17,640 --> 01:14:19,360 APPROACH CAN BE. 1869 01:14:19,360 --> 01:14:22,720 BUT IN TERMS OF THE NIPAH 1870 01:14:22,720 --> 01:14:24,040 PROJECT AND MUCH LIAR FORECAST 1871 01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:26,160 RSV AND SARS-CoV-2, 1872 01:14:26,160 --> 01:14:28,760 STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN AND THE 1873 01:14:28,760 --> 01:14:33,360 USE OF A DOMAIN WERE USED TOUSNF 1874 01:14:33,360 --> 01:14:36,000 NIPAH VIRUS IN THE PRE FUSION 1875 01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:38,520 FORM AND SHOWN IN THE CRYO EM IN 1876 01:14:38,520 --> 01:14:40,840 THE LOWER LEFT PANEL. 1877 01:14:40,840 --> 01:14:42,240 BECAUSE ADDITIONAL SURFACE 1878 01:14:42,240 --> 01:14:45,400 PROTEINS OF NIPAH VIRUS CAN BE 1879 01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:46,960 INVOLVED IN ENTRY, THE 1880 01:14:46,960 --> 01:14:48,520 ATTACHMENT OR G PROTEIN, IT TOO 1881 01:14:48,520 --> 01:14:51,080 WAS STABILIZED WITH THE TONE 1882 01:14:51,080 --> 01:14:53,520 MAIN AS SHOWN IN THE LER RIGHT. 1883 01:14:53,520 --> 01:14:56,760 AND INTERESTINGLY, A KAI MERIK 1884 01:14:56,760 --> 01:15:02,160 OF THE SINGLE PRE F AND 3G 1885 01:15:02,160 --> 01:15:05,600 PROTEINS LIKED TO A TRIMERIZATON 1886 01:15:05,600 --> 01:15:06,600 WAS SHOWN AND DEVELOPED IN THE 1887 01:15:06,600 --> 01:15:08,200 MIDDLE PANEL. 1888 01:15:08,200 --> 01:15:14,000 THESE THREE INU IMMUNO AGAINS AN 1889 01:15:14,000 --> 01:15:15,760 WITHAL UM ON THE RIGHT, WERE 1890 01:15:15,760 --> 01:15:19,520 USED TO IMMUNIZE MICE. 1891 01:15:19,520 --> 01:15:20,560 THE POST FUSION FORM OF THE F 1892 01:15:20,560 --> 01:15:25,920 PROTEIN WAS USED AS A CONTROL 1893 01:15:25,920 --> 01:15:26,840 IMMUNOGEN. 1894 01:15:26,840 --> 01:15:28,880 THROW WEEKS AFTER IMMUNIZATION, 1895 01:15:28,880 --> 01:15:31,120 SERUM WERE TESTED FOR ABILITY TO 1896 01:15:31,120 --> 01:15:35,360 NEUTRALIZE NIPAH VIRUS IN VITRO 1897 01:15:35,360 --> 01:15:37,920 AND THE COM BENATION OF PRE F 1898 01:15:37,920 --> 01:15:40,600 AND G OR G ALONE ADMINISTERED AS 1899 01:15:40,600 --> 01:15:42,800 MRNA OR ROW TEEN STIMULATED 1900 01:15:42,800 --> 01:15:45,080 STRONG NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY 1901 01:15:45,080 --> 01:15:46,160 RESPONSE THAT'S WERE 1902 01:15:46,160 --> 01:15:47,880 SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE 1903 01:15:47,880 --> 01:15:50,120 PRE F ALONE. 1904 01:15:50,120 --> 01:15:52,840 IT'S APPARENT THE ATTACHMENT OR 1905 01:15:52,840 --> 01:15:55,560 G PROTEIN IS AN IMPORTANT TARGET 1906 01:15:55,560 --> 01:15:58,520 OF THE NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY 1907 01:15:58,520 --> 01:16:00,440 SPENCE TO NIPAH VIRUS AND NEEDS 1908 01:16:00,440 --> 01:16:02,520 TO BE INCLUDE INSIDE A VACCINE. 1909 01:16:02,520 --> 01:16:04,080 BASED UPON THESE AND OTHER 1910 01:16:04,080 --> 01:16:06,520 RESULTS, A FIRST IN HUMAN 1911 01:16:06,520 --> 01:16:09,240 CLINICAL TRIAL OF A MRNA VACCINE 1912 01:16:09,240 --> 01:16:11,400 WITH THE IMMUNE AGAIN, IS SET TO 1913 01:16:11,400 --> 01:16:19,040 START AT THE VRC LATER THIS 1914 01:16:19,040 --> 01:16:26,320 MONTH. 1915 01:16:26,320 --> 01:16:28,240 IS THIS SURVEILLANCE INITIATIVE 1916 01:16:28,240 --> 01:16:30,240 IS CALLED PREMISE. 1917 01:16:30,240 --> 01:16:33,800 AND IT IS A PROACTIVE PANDEMIC 1918 01:16:33,800 --> 01:16:35,360 PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM TO HELP 1919 01:16:35,360 --> 01:16:36,960 ACCESS RATE THE RESPONSE TO 1920 01:16:36,960 --> 01:16:39,480 PANDEMIC THREATS GLOBALLY BY 1921 01:16:39,480 --> 01:16:42,280 DEVELOPING DATA RESOURCES, 1922 01:16:42,280 --> 01:16:44,240 DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS, MONOCLONAL 1923 01:16:44,240 --> 01:16:50,920 ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNOGENS FOR 1924 01:16:50,920 --> 01:16:51,600 SCENES. 1925 01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:53,480 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH ACADEMIC 1926 01:16:53,480 --> 01:16:54,000 CENTERS, U.S. GOVERNMENT 1927 01:16:54,000 --> 01:16:55,760 AGENCIES, NGOs AND OTHER 1928 01:16:55,760 --> 01:16:58,440 INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES, 1929 01:16:58,440 --> 01:17:00,240 SCIENTISTS WILL ESTABLISH HIGH 1930 01:17:00,240 --> 01:17:02,280 THROUGH PUT IMMUNE LOGIC 1931 01:17:02,280 --> 01:17:04,000 SCREENING METHODS WITH TARGETED 1932 01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:06,040 COHORTS TO DETECT SERUM AND 1933 01:17:06,040 --> 01:17:08,240 B-CELL REACTIVITY AGAINST 1934 01:17:08,240 --> 01:17:10,760 VIRUSES OF PANDEMIC POTENTIAL. 1935 01:17:10,760 --> 01:17:14,160 WHILE PRIMARILY DESIGNED AS A 1936 01:17:14,160 --> 01:17:16,280 PATHOGEN AGNOSTIC APPROACH, 1937 01:17:16,280 --> 01:17:18,000 WHERE AVAILABLE, THIS EFFORT 1938 01:17:18,000 --> 01:17:20,600 WILL ALSO SEQUENCE SAMPLES FROM 1939 01:17:20,600 --> 01:17:22,760 RESERVOIRS AND SYMPTOMATIC 1940 01:17:22,760 --> 01:17:25,840 HUMANS FOR VIRUS IDENTIFICATION. 1941 01:17:25,840 --> 01:17:28,440 THIS EFFORT IS JUST BEGINNING 1942 01:17:28,440 --> 01:17:30,120 AND ALREADY INVOLVES MULTIPLE 1943 01:17:30,120 --> 01:17:33,840 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL 1944 01:17:33,840 --> 01:17:34,440 COLLABORATORS. 1945 01:17:34,440 --> 01:17:37,280 IN ORDER TO SHOW ITS POTENTIAL, 1946 01:17:37,280 --> 01:17:39,480 PREMISE HAS A DEMONSTRATION 1947 01:17:39,480 --> 01:17:42,520 PROJECT ON ACUTE FLACCID HIGH 1948 01:17:42,520 --> 01:17:50,880 PLAS MYLEITISAND THERE HAVE BEED 1949 01:17:50,880 --> 01:17:56,400 TO EV-D68 BUT NOT EVERY CHILD 1950 01:17:56,400 --> 01:17:58,320 GETS AFM. 1951 01:17:58,320 --> 01:18:00,040 PROBABLY DUE TO INFECTION 1952 01:18:00,040 --> 01:18:01,960 CONTROL MEASURES DURING THE 1953 01:18:01,960 --> 01:18:03,200 COVID PANDEMIC, THERE HAVE NOT 1954 01:18:03,200 --> 01:18:08,360 BEEN OUTBREAKS OF █AFM IN 2020 R 1955 01:18:08,360 --> 01:18:08,560 2021. 1956 01:18:08,560 --> 01:18:10,920 AS A RESULT, EPIDEMIOLOGIC 1957 01:18:10,920 --> 01:18:11,960 MODELING SUGGESTS THAT THERE MAY 1958 01:18:11,960 --> 01:18:15,320 BE A MUCH LARGER SUSCEPTIBLE 1959 01:18:15,320 --> 01:18:17,520 POPULATION OF CHILDREN IN 2022 1960 01:18:17,520 --> 01:18:19,320 THAN IN PRIOR YEARS. 1961 01:18:19,320 --> 01:18:23,800 AS PART OF PREMISE, AN EV-D68 1962 01:18:23,800 --> 01:18:25,200 PEDIATRIC OBSERVATIONAL PILOT 1963 01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:26,720 STUDY HAS BEEN SET UP AND 1964 01:18:26,720 --> 01:18:29,400 UNDERWAY AT FOUR U.S. SITES. 1965 01:18:29,400 --> 01:18:32,440 120 CHILDREN HAVE BEEN RECRUITED 1966 01:18:32,440 --> 01:18:36,320 WITH BLOOD AND RESPIRATORY 1967 01:18:36,320 --> 01:18:36,640 SAMPLING. 1968 01:18:36,640 --> 01:18:39,280 THE GOAL IS TO SHOW WITH 1969 01:18:39,280 --> 01:18:39,880 PROACTIVE SURVEILLANCE, AND 1970 01:18:39,880 --> 01:18:41,680 EARLY DETECTION, WE'LL BE ABLE 1971 01:18:41,680 --> 01:18:44,800 TO RAPIDLY DEVELOP BIOLOGICAL 1972 01:18:44,800 --> 01:18:46,840 COUNTERMEASURES INCLUDING 1973 01:18:46,840 --> 01:18:49,960 VACCINES AND MONOCLONAL 1974 01:18:49,960 --> 01:18:50,520 ANTIBODIES. 1975 01:18:50,520 --> 01:18:51,920 WITH THAT, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK 1976 01:18:51,920 --> 01:18:53,600 YOU ALL FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 1977 01:18:53,600 --> 01:18:55,960 PRESENT ON BEHALF OF THE 1978 01:18:55,960 --> 01:18:58,120 DEDICATED GROUP OF DRC 1979 01:18:58,120 --> 01:19:00,040 SCIENTISTS SHOWN ON THIS SLIDE, 1980 01:19:00,040 --> 01:19:02,600 MANY OF WHOM'S CONTRIBUTION I'VE 1981 01:19:02,600 --> 01:19:04,440 BEEN ABLE TO HIGHLIGHT DURING MY 1982 01:19:04,440 --> 01:19:04,800 PRESENTATION. 1983 01:19:04,800 --> 01:19:06,120 I WILL BE HAPPY TO TAKE ANY 1984 01:19:06,120 --> 01:19:08,880 QUESTIONS THAT YOU MAY HAVE. 1985 01:19:08,880 --> 01:19:09,560 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: THANK YOU, 1986 01:19:09,560 --> 01:19:10,400 VERY MUCH, RICK. 1987 01:19:10,400 --> 01:19:11,400 TERRIFIC PRESENTATION. 1988 01:19:11,400 --> 01:19:14,480 LET'S LEAVE IT OPEN FOR 1989 01:19:14,480 --> 01:19:17,520 QUESTIONS NOW AND JUST INDICATE 1990 01:19:17,520 --> 01:19:23,720 WITH THE HAND UP IF YOU HAVE ANY 1991 01:19:23,720 --> 01:19:24,560 QUESTIONS OF RICK. 1992 01:19:24,560 --> 01:19:30,920 I'M NOT SEEING ANY. 1993 01:19:30,920 --> 01:19:31,680 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: MONICA, I 1994 01:19:31,680 --> 01:19:32,760 SEE YOUR HAND UP. 1995 01:19:32,760 --> 01:19:34,720 >> I MEAN, I THINK THANK YOU SO 1996 01:19:34,720 --> 01:19:35,640 MUCH FOR THAT TALK. 1997 01:19:35,640 --> 01:19:37,200 I THINK IT WAS INCREDIBLE WHAT 1998 01:19:37,200 --> 01:19:40,480 HAS BEEN DONE WITH COVID-19 AND 1999 01:19:40,480 --> 01:19:41,840 HOPEFULLY THIS, LIKE YOU BOTH 2000 01:19:41,840 --> 01:19:43,360 SPOKE ABOUT, EVERYTHING CAN BE 2001 01:19:43,360 --> 01:19:46,280 EXTENDED TO OTHER RNA VIRUSES 2002 01:19:46,280 --> 01:19:48,520 WHIZ WE NEEDED IN A WAY BETTER 2003 01:19:48,520 --> 01:19:49,960 VACCINES AND THERAPEUTICS FOR SO 2004 01:19:49,960 --> 01:19:52,680 MY QUESTION IS, IS THAT FUNDING 2005 01:19:52,680 --> 01:19:55,640 FOR PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS THAT 2006 01:19:55,640 --> 01:19:57,760 YOU SHOWED Dr. FAUCI, IN YOUR 2007 01:19:57,760 --> 01:19:59,640 FIRST TALK, INTACT? 2008 01:19:59,640 --> 01:20:03,080 IS THAT DEFINITELY BEEN ALLOCATE 2009 01:20:03,080 --> 01:20:05,880 BID CONGRESS SO ALL FOUR STEPS 2010 01:20:05,880 --> 01:20:07,360 OF PATHOGENS THAT YOU JUST 2011 01:20:07,360 --> 01:20:08,440 INDICATED THAT ALL ARE IN 2012 01:20:08,440 --> 01:20:10,720 VARIOUS PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF 2013 01:20:10,720 --> 01:20:12,400 VACCINE PREPAREDNESS WE CAN MOVE 2014 01:20:12,400 --> 01:20:15,760 FORWARD WITH THOSE? 2015 01:20:15,760 --> 01:20:17,400 IS THAT NONE COMMITTED. 2016 01:20:17,400 --> 01:20:18,440 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: IT'S A 2017 01:20:18,440 --> 01:20:19,600 VERY COMPLICATED SITUATION AND 2018 01:20:19,600 --> 01:20:21,880 I'LL TRY AND SIMPLIFY IT BUT YOU 2019 01:20:21,880 --> 01:20:23,920 WON'T LIKE WHAT I'M GOING TO 2020 01:20:23,920 --> 01:20:24,160 SAY. 2021 01:20:24,160 --> 01:20:25,840 IT'S AS FOLLOWS, THE MONEY THAT 2022 01:20:25,840 --> 01:20:30,080 WE HAVE FOR THAT HAS BEEN 2023 01:20:30,080 --> 01:20:30,880 SUPPLEMENTAL MONEY THAT 2024 01:20:30,880 --> 01:20:32,720 ESSENTIALLY GOES TO THE 2025 01:20:32,720 --> 01:20:35,160 DEPARTMENT WHICH THEN GETS 2026 01:20:35,160 --> 01:20:35,960 TRANSFERRED TO US. 2027 01:20:35,960 --> 01:20:38,440 IT DOESN'T GO INTO OUR BASE. 2028 01:20:38,440 --> 01:20:42,800 AND SO, RIGHT NOW, A SHORT OF AN 2029 01:20:42,800 --> 01:20:43,840 APPROPRIATION, WHICH WOULD GIVE 2030 01:20:43,840 --> 01:20:45,920 US A CERTAIN AMOUNT TO CONTINUE 2031 01:20:45,920 --> 01:20:49,160 THE PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS, WE DO 2032 01:20:49,160 --> 01:20:50,440 NOT HAVE THE MONEY WITH A GREAT 2033 01:20:50,440 --> 01:20:53,200 DEAL OF CONFIDENCE TO DO THE 2034 01:20:53,200 --> 01:20:55,360 THINGS OVER THE LONG-TERM THAT 2035 01:20:55,360 --> 01:20:57,520 RICK IS TALKING ABOUT AND THAT I 2036 01:20:57,520 --> 01:20:58,320 SPOKE ABOUT. 2037 01:20:58,320 --> 01:21:01,120 HE CAN CONTINUE TO DO THE THINGS 2038 01:21:01,120 --> 01:21:03,000 THAT WE'RE DOING APPOINT, BUT WE 2039 01:21:03,000 --> 01:21:05,960 WILL RUN OUT OF MONEY WHEN THE 2040 01:21:05,960 --> 01:21:07,040 SUPPLEMENT RUNS OUT. 2041 01:21:07,040 --> 01:21:09,880 SO USUALLY, WHEN WE GET MONEY TO 2042 01:21:09,880 --> 01:21:11,760 DO THINGS, THEY PUT IT IN OUR 2043 01:21:11,760 --> 01:21:13,400 BASE AND WHETHER YOU GET A 2044 01:21:13,400 --> 01:21:15,560 CONTINUE RESOLUTION, OR A BRAND 2045 01:21:15,560 --> 01:21:19,040 NEW BUDGET WITH AN INCREASE, 2046 01:21:19,040 --> 01:21:20,680 IT'S THERE. 2047 01:21:20,680 --> 01:21:22,480 UNFORTUNATELY, THE MONEY THAT'S 2048 01:21:22,480 --> 01:21:26,920 BEEN ALTO INDICATE A LOT ALLOCAD 2049 01:21:26,920 --> 01:21:28,480 HAS BEEN THROUGH SUPPLEMENTALS 2050 01:21:28,480 --> 01:21:30,520 THAT GO TO THE DEPARTMENT, NOT 2051 01:21:30,520 --> 01:21:32,640 DIRECTLY TO THE NIH. 2052 01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:34,760 THEN THEY GET ALLOCATED FROM THE 2053 01:21:34,760 --> 01:21:36,520 DEPARTMENT SO THAT IS THE REASON 2054 01:21:36,520 --> 01:21:39,880 WHY YOU MAY HAVE HEARD ME IN THE 2055 01:21:39,880 --> 01:21:42,080 MEDIA ALWAYS ENDING MY 2056 01:21:42,080 --> 01:21:44,200 PRESENTATIONS BUT WE NEED THE 2057 01:21:44,200 --> 01:21:47,920 CONGRESS TO ACT AND TO GIVE US A 2058 01:21:47,920 --> 01:21:49,600 SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS AND 2059 01:21:49,600 --> 01:21:56,520 B, TO BUILD INTO OUR 2023 FISCAL 2060 01:21:56,520 --> 01:21:58,640 YEAR BUDGET, THE MONEY OTHER 2061 01:21:58,640 --> 01:22:00,960 WE'RE NOT WE'RE ABLE TO DO IT. 2062 01:22:00,960 --> 01:22:02,480 THAT FOR A TERRIBLE TRAGEDY IN 2063 01:22:02,480 --> 01:22:05,560 THE MIDDLE OF A PANDEMIC AND IN 2064 01:22:05,560 --> 01:22:06,320 PREPARATION FOR FUTURE PANDEMIC, 2065 01:22:06,320 --> 01:22:07,840 IF SOMEHOW OR OTHER FOR ONE 2066 01:22:07,840 --> 01:22:09,640 REASON OR ANOTHER, THE CONGRESS 2067 01:22:09,640 --> 01:22:12,440 DOESN'T APPROPRIATE MONEY TO US. 2068 01:22:12,440 --> 01:22:16,960 >> OK, THANK YOU. 2069 01:22:16,960 --> 01:22:17,600 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: KEITH -- 2070 01:22:17,600 --> 01:22:20,720 >> YEAH, GREAT TALK, REALLY 2071 01:22:20,720 --> 01:22:21,200 ENJOYED THAT. 2072 01:22:21,200 --> 01:22:24,640 IF YOU CAN PUT A LITTLE BIT OF 2073 01:22:24,640 --> 01:22:25,960 PERSPECTIVE AROUND THE SO MUCH 2074 01:22:25,960 --> 01:22:29,200 INTEREST IN MRNA VACCINES AND 2075 01:22:29,200 --> 01:22:32,080 HOW YOU SEE THAT FIT NORTH IN 2076 01:22:32,080 --> 01:22:34,440 THE SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINE 2077 01:22:34,440 --> 01:22:34,680 EFFORTS? 2078 01:22:34,680 --> 01:22:37,120 >> THANK YOU, KEITH. 2079 01:22:37,120 --> 01:22:39,360 SO, OBVIOUSLY I THINK THE POWER 2080 01:22:39,360 --> 01:22:47,080 OF THE MRNA VACCINES IS THE 2081 01:22:47,080 --> 01:22:49,360 REPITY WITH NEW STRAIN CHANGES 2082 01:22:49,360 --> 01:22:51,000 CAN BE TRANSLATED INTO VACCINES 2083 01:22:51,000 --> 01:22:51,600 IN ARMS. 2084 01:22:51,600 --> 01:22:54,240 AS YOU KNOW, THERE ARE A LOT OF 2085 01:22:54,240 --> 01:22:56,000 GROUPS THAT ARE START TO GO A 2086 01:22:56,000 --> 01:22:59,080 PLOY THAT TO SEASONAL VACCINES 2087 01:22:59,080 --> 01:23:01,440 ON AN EXPERIMENTAL BASIS. 2088 01:23:01,440 --> 01:23:04,440 CERTAINLY, I MEAN, IT'S NOT JUST 2089 01:23:04,440 --> 01:23:09,520 THE BIG COMPANIES NOW LIKE 2090 01:23:09,520 --> 01:23:10,320 PFIZER, BION TECH AND MODERNA 2091 01:23:10,320 --> 01:23:14,880 THAT ARE INVOLVED, BUT THE VRC, 2092 01:23:14,880 --> 01:23:17,160 DUKE UNIVERSITY, OTHER MAJOR 2093 01:23:17,160 --> 01:23:18,960 ACADEMIC CENTERS AND PLACES LIKE 2094 01:23:18,960 --> 01:23:20,680 OURS, ARE STARTING TO INVEST IN 2095 01:23:20,680 --> 01:23:23,160 THE MRNA TECHNOLOGY HOPING THAT 2096 01:23:23,160 --> 01:23:25,440 WE CAN TRANSLATE BASIC SIGNS 2097 01:23:25,440 --> 01:23:28,800 DISCOVERIES RAPIDLY INTO 2098 01:23:28,800 --> 01:23:36,880 PRODUCTS FOR TESTING. 2099 01:23:36,880 --> 01:23:40,400 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: OK. 2100 01:23:40,400 --> 01:23:40,600 AMITA. 2101 01:23:40,600 --> 01:23:42,040 >> THANK YOU, THAT WAS AN 2102 01:23:42,040 --> 01:23:42,680 EXCELLENT PRESENTATION. 2103 01:23:42,680 --> 01:23:44,440 THIS IS A QUESTION TO BOTH YOU 2104 01:23:44,440 --> 01:23:46,440 AND TO TONY AND OTHERS. 2105 01:23:46,440 --> 01:23:48,760 SO, IT WAS INTRIGUED THAT YOU 2106 01:23:48,760 --> 01:23:54,920 HAD VISITED THE -- THE SERVICE 2107 01:23:54,920 --> 01:23:56,720 OF INDIA MET WITH YOU AND WE 2108 01:23:56,720 --> 01:23:58,280 HOSTED THEM AT HOPKINS A COUPLE 2109 01:23:58,280 --> 01:23:59,400 DAYS BEFORE YOU DID. 2110 01:23:59,400 --> 01:24:01,960 IN ANY CASE, I'M INTRIGUED 2111 01:24:01,960 --> 01:24:02,800 BECAUSE EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENED 2112 01:24:02,800 --> 01:24:04,880 WITH COVID AND GETTING ACCESS TO 2113 01:24:04,880 --> 01:24:09,880 VACCINE CANDIDATES AND IN LOW 2114 01:24:09,880 --> 01:24:13,280 AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES AND 2115 01:24:13,280 --> 01:24:14,840 THE NEED FOR SCIENCE IN 2116 01:24:14,840 --> 01:24:15,200 PRODUCTION. 2117 01:24:15,200 --> 01:24:17,160 WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS WHERE 2118 01:24:17,160 --> 01:24:18,880 TESTING DEVELOPMENT WILL SORT OF 2119 01:24:18,880 --> 01:24:20,760 GO IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME 2120 01:24:20,760 --> 01:24:21,120 COUNTRIES? 2121 01:24:21,120 --> 01:24:23,320 Mr. PLACES LIKE SERUM AND 2122 01:24:23,320 --> 01:24:26,360 OTHER SUCH GROUPS BECOME MORE IN 2123 01:24:26,360 --> 01:24:28,160 THE FOLD WITH THE SCIENCE AND 2124 01:24:28,160 --> 01:24:30,640 THE SORT OF TESTING IT OF THESE 2125 01:24:30,640 --> 01:24:30,960 CANDIDATES? 2126 01:24:30,960 --> 01:24:32,160 WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT 2127 01:24:32,160 --> 01:24:34,720 FRONT AND HOW WILL VRC PLAY A 2128 01:24:34,720 --> 01:24:36,280 ROLE IN THAT EFFORT GLOBALLY? 2129 01:24:36,280 --> 01:24:39,280 > 2130 01:24:39,280 --> 01:24:40,000 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: WELL I'LL 2131 01:24:40,000 --> 01:24:42,160 ANSWER BREDLY AND HAND IT TO 2132 01:24:42,160 --> 01:24:45,080 RICK FOR THE VRC COMB PHONE ANT 2133 01:24:45,080 --> 01:24:45,680 OF THE QUESTION. 2134 01:24:45,680 --> 01:24:47,560 YES WE MET WITH CYRUS AND HIS 2135 01:24:47,560 --> 01:24:49,280 SON HERE IN THE ACTUAL ROOM 2136 01:24:49,280 --> 01:24:52,520 WHERE I'M SITTING RIGHT NOW. 2137 01:24:52,520 --> 01:24:54,960 AND THEY WANT TO BE ABLE TO 2138 01:24:54,960 --> 01:24:58,840 EXPAND TO PROVIDE VACCINES DOSES 2139 01:24:58,840 --> 01:25:00,760 FOR LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME 2140 01:25:00,760 --> 01:25:03,200 COUNTRIES WITH THE SPECIAL 2141 01:25:03,200 --> 01:25:04,200 CAPABILITIES THAT THEY HAVE. 2142 01:25:04,200 --> 01:25:06,280 AS YOU WELL KNOW, THERE WAS A 2143 01:25:06,280 --> 01:25:10,360 BIT OF A FEW MISSTEPS WITH 2144 01:25:10,360 --> 01:25:11,760 COVID-19 WHEN VACCINES THAT WERE 2145 01:25:11,760 --> 01:25:14,120 SUPPOSED TO BE AVAILABLE FOR THE 2146 01:25:14,120 --> 01:25:15,520 DEVELOPING WORLD AND ELSEWHERE 2147 01:25:15,520 --> 01:25:17,240 WERE NOT ALLOWED TO LEAVE INDIA 2148 01:25:17,240 --> 01:25:18,280 BECAUSE OF THE DIFFICULTIES THAT 2149 01:25:18,280 --> 01:25:20,080 THEY HAD ABOUT GETTING TO THE 2150 01:25:20,080 --> 01:25:20,840 INDIAN POPULATION. 2151 01:25:20,840 --> 01:25:22,600 I THINK THAT'S ALL BEEN SETTLED 2152 01:25:22,600 --> 01:25:26,720 AND TAKEN CARE OF. 2153 01:25:26,720 --> 01:25:30,520 TWO IN THINGS, WE WANT TO GET 2154 01:25:30,520 --> 01:25:36,080 VACCINE DOSES THROUGH THE MOST 2155 01:25:36,080 --> 01:25:37,360 EXPO DISH US MATTER POSSIBLE TO 2156 01:25:37,360 --> 01:25:38,880 LOWER AND MIDDLE INCOME 2157 01:25:38,880 --> 01:25:40,880 COUNTRIES AND THE INSTITUTE OF 2158 01:25:40,880 --> 01:25:42,600 INDIA IS ONE OF THE MAIN PLAYERS 2159 01:25:42,600 --> 01:25:45,640 IN THAT BUT WE ALSO LIKELY 2160 01:25:45,640 --> 01:25:49,000 THROUGH OUR U.S.A. I.D. WANT TO 2161 01:25:49,000 --> 01:25:50,400 HELP Y DEVELOP THE INSTRUCT IN 2162 01:25:50,400 --> 01:25:52,280 THE DEVELOPING WORLD TO BE ABLE 2163 01:25:52,280 --> 01:25:54,720 TO GET VACCINES INTO THE ARMS OF 2164 01:25:54,720 --> 01:25:55,280 INDIVIDUALS. 2165 01:25:55,280 --> 01:25:56,440 YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE MOST 2166 01:25:56,440 --> 01:25:59,520 FRUSTRATING THINGS THAT WE WERE 2167 01:25:59,520 --> 01:26:00,600 CONFRONTED WITH THIS TIME AROUND 2168 01:26:00,600 --> 01:26:03,720 IS THAT EVEN WHEN WE GOT THE 2169 01:26:03,720 --> 01:26:05,160 VACCINES THAT WE GIVEN OVER A 2170 01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:07,760 HALF A BILLION, 500 MILLION 2171 01:26:07,760 --> 01:26:10,240 DOSES TO ABOUT 130 COUNTRIES, 2172 01:26:10,240 --> 01:26:12,400 THEY TOLD US TO STOP GIVING THE 2173 01:26:12,400 --> 01:26:13,360 VACCINES BECAUSE THEY COULDN'T 2174 01:26:13,360 --> 01:26:15,720 GET IT INTO THE ARMS OF 2175 01:26:15,720 --> 01:26:17,600 INDIVIDUALS BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T 2176 01:26:17,600 --> 01:26:18,200 HAVE THE INFRASTRUCTURE. 2177 01:26:18,200 --> 01:26:24,040 SO TO ME, I MEAN, THAT'S AS BIG 2178 01:26:24,040 --> 01:26:26,240 A PROBLEM GETTING DOSES IN. 2179 01:26:26,240 --> 01:26:28,320 IN SPECIFIC ANSWER TO YOUR 2180 01:26:28,320 --> 01:26:29,800 QUESTION, THE SERUM INSTITUTE IN 2181 01:26:29,800 --> 01:26:31,120 INDIA WILL BE A PLAYER IN THAT 2182 01:26:31,120 --> 01:26:32,440 FOR SURE. 2183 01:26:32,440 --> 01:26:33,640 RICK, ANY FURTHER COMMENTS 2184 01:26:33,640 --> 01:26:35,440 REGARDING THE VRC ON THAT? 2185 01:26:35,440 --> 01:26:39,520 >> SURE, OBVIOUSLY WE HAVE BEEN 2186 01:26:39,520 --> 01:26:43,360 WORKING WITH AND TALKING TO THE 2187 01:26:43,360 --> 01:26:45,720 CRM INSTITUTE FOR A COUPLE OF 2188 01:26:45,720 --> 01:26:47,280 YEARS NOW. 2189 01:26:47,280 --> 01:26:50,440 INITIALLY, THEY WERE PARTNERING 2190 01:26:50,440 --> 01:26:53,720 WITH THEM AND THE SCRIPPS 2191 01:26:53,720 --> 01:26:55,720 INSTITUTE WITH THE SERUM 2192 01:26:55,720 --> 01:26:59,680 INSTITUTE BEING THE MAJOR 2193 01:26:59,680 --> 01:27:02,680 MANUFACTURER OF HIV-SPECIFIC 2194 01:27:02,680 --> 01:27:04,200 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, HOPEFULLY 2195 01:27:04,200 --> 01:27:08,640 TO ALLOW TO US DO A MUCH LARGER 2196 01:27:08,640 --> 01:27:12,280 TRIAL OF COMBINATION OF 2197 01:27:12,280 --> 01:27:13,520 MONOCLONAL PREVENTION OF HIV. 2198 01:27:13,520 --> 01:27:14,960 THEY'RE AN EXCELLENT PARTNER 2199 01:27:14,960 --> 01:27:15,880 THERE. 2200 01:27:15,880 --> 01:27:17,200 IN ADDITION AT THIS LATEST 2201 01:27:17,200 --> 01:27:20,200 MEETING WE TALKED TO THEM ABOUT 2202 01:27:20,200 --> 01:27:22,480 MALARIA, MONOCLONAL AN BEE TODAY 2203 01:27:22,480 --> 01:27:27,000 HE'S AND THE NIPHA VACCINE 2204 01:27:27,000 --> 01:27:28,440 PROJECT I JUST TOLD YOU ABOUT 2205 01:27:28,440 --> 01:27:29,560 AND I THINK THEY'RE INTERESTED 2206 01:27:29,560 --> 01:27:30,560 IN ALL OF THOSE. 2207 01:27:30,560 --> 01:27:34,520 SO, YES, I SEE THEM AS A MAJOR 2208 01:27:34,520 --> 01:27:38,880 COLLABORATIVE HELP IN OUR 2209 01:27:38,880 --> 01:27:39,120 EFFORTS. 2210 01:27:39,120 --> 01:27:39,760 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: THANK YOU. 2211 01:27:39,760 --> 01:27:40,920 ARE THERE ANY OTHER QUESTIONS? 2212 01:27:40,920 --> 01:27:43,280 >> THIS IS KEN. 2213 01:27:43,280 --> 01:27:44,600 I HAVE A QUESTION IF YOU CAN 2214 01:27:44,600 --> 01:27:45,920 HEAR ME. 2215 01:27:45,920 --> 01:27:47,960 SO, FANTASTIC TALK, RICK. 2216 01:27:47,960 --> 01:27:52,360 I'M WONDERING YOU KNOW, I NOTICE 2217 01:27:52,360 --> 01:27:55,000 A COUPLE PATHOGENS WERE MORE 2218 01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:57,000 COMPLEX LIKE TB AND MALARIA AND 2219 01:27:57,000 --> 01:27:59,120 WE'RE ALL WONDERING ABOUT COVID 2220 01:27:59,120 --> 01:28:01,080 AND I WONDER IF YOU THINK 2221 01:28:01,080 --> 01:28:03,040 THERE'S A NEED FOR AN EXPANSION 2222 01:28:03,040 --> 01:28:05,160 OF THE CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO 2223 01:28:05,160 --> 01:28:06,680 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND THE DEAL 2224 01:28:06,680 --> 01:28:09,040 WITH SOME OF THESE, I GUESS, 2225 01:28:09,040 --> 01:28:11,520 MAYBE MORE EXPANSIVE ISSUES? 2226 01:28:11,520 --> 01:28:15,320 >> YEAH, VERY GOOD QUESTION, 2227 01:28:15,320 --> 01:28:15,480 KEN. 2228 01:28:15,480 --> 01:28:18,280 THANK YOU FOR BRINGING THAT UP. 2229 01:28:18,280 --> 01:28:20,360 OBVIOUSLY, MOST OF WHAT THE 2230 01:28:20,360 --> 01:28:22,480 VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER HAS BEEN 2231 01:28:22,480 --> 01:28:26,440 INVOLVED IN HAS BEEN VIRUSES AND 2232 01:28:26,440 --> 01:28:31,200 WE HAVE CLEARLY A VERY GOOD 2233 01:28:31,200 --> 01:28:33,040 TRACK RECORD WITH ENVELOPED 2234 01:28:33,040 --> 01:28:35,160 VIRUSES AND ENTRY MECHANISMS 2235 01:28:35,160 --> 01:28:39,400 WHERE WE CAN SIMPLY USE 2236 01:28:39,400 --> 01:28:43,320 STRUCTURAL BASED VAXSINNOLOGY TO 2237 01:28:43,320 --> 01:28:46,520 DEGREE SIGN IMMUNOGENS IN A PRE 2238 01:28:46,520 --> 01:28:47,400 FUSION FORM. 2239 01:28:47,400 --> 01:28:49,000 IT DOESN'T COVER EVERYTHING AND 2240 01:28:49,000 --> 01:28:52,440 Y. I THINK THAT NOT EVERY 2241 01:28:52,440 --> 01:28:57,200 VACCINE IS GOING TO BE AS EASY 2242 01:28:57,200 --> 01:29:00,440 AS IT WAS FOR COVID. 2243 01:29:00,440 --> 01:29:01,920 RSV FOR YEARS WAS DIFFICULT. 2244 01:29:01,920 --> 01:29:03,240 COULDN'T FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO 2245 01:29:03,240 --> 01:29:03,560 IT. 2246 01:29:03,560 --> 01:29:05,640 WHEN WE FIGURED OUT THE PRE 2247 01:29:05,640 --> 01:29:07,920 FUSION F PROTEIN, IT BECAME VERY 2248 01:29:07,920 --> 01:29:08,400 EASY. 2249 01:29:08,400 --> 01:29:10,760 SO, YEAH, WE NEED TO EXPAND AND 2250 01:29:10,760 --> 01:29:13,360 INTO THESE MORE COMPLEX TYPES OF 2251 01:29:13,360 --> 01:29:14,560 PATHOGENS AND HOPEFULLY WE CAN 2252 01:29:14,560 --> 01:29:18,560 FIND A WAY OF MAKING THEM EASIER 2253 01:29:18,560 --> 01:29:20,680 JUST LIKE SARS-CoV-2 AND RSV 2254 01:29:20,680 --> 01:29:25,560 ENDED UP BEING. 2255 01:29:25,560 --> 01:29:26,400 >> Dr. Anthony Fauci: THANK YOU. 2256 01:29:26,400 --> 01:29:31,200 ANY OTHER QUESTIONS BEFORE WE 2257 01:29:31,200 --> 01:29:31,800 MOVE ON? 2258 01:29:31,800 --> 01:29:34,200 IF NOT, YOU KNOW, USUALLY WE 2259 01:29:34,200 --> 01:29:36,920 TAKE A BREAK TO GET PEOPLE OUT 2260 01:29:36,920 --> 01:29:38,600 OF THE ROOM AND SO WE CAN RESET 2261 01:29:38,600 --> 01:29:42,640 UP FOR THE CLOSED SESSION. 2262 01:29:42,640 --> 01:29:45,280 THE CLOSED SESSION, AS YOU ALL 2263 01:29:45,280 --> 01:29:47,560 KNOW FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE 2264 01:29:47,560 --> 01:29:48,800 THROUGH THIS TAKES 50 MINUTES SO 2265 01:29:48,800 --> 01:29:50,320 RATHER THAN TAKING A BREAK WE 2266 01:29:50,320 --> 01:29:52,520 CAN JUST ASK THOSE WHO WERE NOT 2267 01:29:52,520 --> 01:29:54,360 GOING TO BE PART OF THE CLOSED 2268 01:29:54,360 --> 01:29:55,080 SESSION, NAMELY THE NON 2269 01:29:55,080 --> 01:29:59,360 GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, TO LEAVE 2270 01:29:59,360 --> 01:30:01,760 THIS ZOOM SESSION AND THEN WE'LL 2271 01:30:01,760 --> 00:00:00,000 PROCEED ONTO THE CLOSED SESSION.