>>WELCOME TO THE
204TH MEETING OF THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND
INFECTIOUS DISEASES. THIS IS
THE OPEN SESSION AND SO WE ARE
JOINED BY MEMBERS OF LAY AND
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT
SHARE INTEREST WITH OURS AND WE
WELCOME THEM HERE. LET ME
INTRODUCE THREE -- KEYBOARD NOT
WORKING, WHAT HAPPENED?
>>
>>... THREE AD HOC MEMBERS OF
COUNCIL FOR THE SESSION AND ON
ZOOM WE HAVE -- FROM FRANCE AND
IN THE ROOM WE HAVE KEVIN
HAROLD AND MARK ANDERSON-- IT
IS PARTICULARLY A PLEASURE TO
WELCOME THE THREE OF YOU AS OLD
FRIENDS TO OUR COUNCIL. AND I
HAVE WATCHED OVER YOUR WORK
OVER DECADES NOW FOR TREATMENT
TO ADD RISK PATIENTS WITH
DIABETES. I AM LOOKING FORWARD
THIS AFTERNOON TO HEARING THE
STORY OF WHAT YOU HAVE DONE AT
THE DAYS SUBCOMMITTEE.
FIRST ORDER OF BUSINESS IS TO
APPROVE THE MINUTES. THE
MINUTES SHOULD EXISTING YOUR
ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK. ARE
THERE ANY COMMENTS, OR
QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS ABOUT THE
MINUTES? ANYBODY WORRIED ABOUT
CONCEPT THAT WE APPROVED THE
LAST SESSION? HEARING NO
CONCERNS CAN I HAVE A MOTION TO
APPROVE THE MINUTES? SO MOVED.
SECOND. ALL IN FAVOR?
>>AYE.
>>ALL OPPOSED THE MINUTES ARE
APPROVED AS WRITTEN.
MOVING ON TO THE REMARKS, THIS
IS A SLIDE PUT INTO TEASE ME.
I THINK YOU ALL KNOW THAT NIH
IS LOOKING FOR A PERMANENT
DIRECTOR FOR NIAID, VACANCY
ANNOUNCEMENT WENT OUT ON
NOVEMBER 16 AND APPLICATIONS
CLOSED ON GENEROUS SEVENTEENTH
IN THE SEARCH COMMITTEE WORKED
IN RECORD SPEED. KEITH FORMED A
GROUP AT NIH TO HAVE A SECOND
LEVEL OF INTERVIEWS I DO NOT
KNOW WHERE IT IS GOING TO END.
I TOLD NIH THAT I WAS PLANNING
TO STEP DOWN FROM FEDERAL
SERVICE ON DECEMBER 31, OF THIS
YEAR BUT I ALSO SAID REPEATEDLY
THAT I WOULD OFFER A NEW
DIRECTOR SIX MONTHS THAT I
WOULD SERVE IF THEY WANTED AS
PRINCIPAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR. IF
THE MEETING WOULD LOOK LIKE
THIS, THE TWO THINGS MAY BE IN
CONFLICT. IN ANY CASE FOR SIX
MONTHS SO STAY TUNED.
ANNOUNCEMENTS TO OTHER PEOPLE
TO POSITIONS YOU'RE PROBABLY
AWARE THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS
NOMINATED MONICA BERTINELLI
(PHONETIC) AS A FUTURE NIH
DIRECTOR AND FOR THE PAST EIGHT
MONTHS SHE HAS BEEN DIRECTOR OF
THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE.
THAT IS A PRESIDENTIAL
APPOINTMENT BUT IT DOES NOT
REQUIRE SENATE CONFIRMATION.
THE JOB OF THE NIH DOES AND I
WILL ADJUST TO MONICA LAST
WEEK. MANY OF THE THINGS SHE
WILL BE CROSS INTERROGATED CAN
DIRECT YOU FROM THE NIAID, AND
SHE'S AN ABSOLUTELY DELIGHTFUL
PERSON. WE HAVE HAD A LOT OF
FUN WITH HER FOR THE LAST EIGHT
MONTHS.
LET ME ALSO SAY, SHE'S GOING
TO BE A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT
FROM PREVIOUS NIH DIRECTORS
BECAUSE SHE IS A SURGEON--
NOTHING AGAINST SURGEONS-- BUT
SHE PRIMARILY KNOWN AS A
CLINICAL RESEARCHER IN HER
ACADEMIC WORK, WHICH IS
SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM
PREVIOUS NIH DIRECTORS AND I
ACTUALLY THINK IT IS A GOOD
TIME IN THE HISTORY OF THE NIH
TO HAVE THAT KIND OF
PERSPECTIVE IN THE TOP
LEADERSHIP POSITION.
NOW, WHICH IS CONFIRMED ASSUME
SHE IS CONFIRMED THAT WILL FREE
UP LARRY TADEBACK (PHONETIC) TO
STEP DOWN FROM ACTING NIH AND I
THINK HE IS EAGER TO LEAVE AT
THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY. IF YOU
ADD TOGETHER THE TIME THAT
LARRY WAS THE ACTING PRINCIPAL
DEPUTY PLUS THE TIME THAT HE
WAS THE PRINCIPAL DEPUTY, PLUS
THE TIME THAT HE HAS BEEN THE
ACTING DIRECTOR OF NIH, HE
ACTUALLY HAS MORE YEARS OF
SENIOR SERVICE IN BUILDING 1
THAN ANY OTHER PATIENT IN THE
HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. HE HAS
DEVOTED HIMSELF TO THE
WELL-BEING OF SCIENCE IN THIS
COUNTRY.
NOW, ANOTHER BOSTON WOMAN
ROCHELLE WALENSKY IS STEPPING
DOWN AT THE END OF THIS MONTH
FROM THE CDC WHERE SHE HAS BEEN
FOR TWO YEARS, TO VERY
DIFFICULT YEARS AND SHE IS
LOOKING FORWARD TO THE
OPPORTUNITY TO STEP DOWN. THIS
IS NOT AN OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT IS NOT
NOMINATED ANDY COHEN BUT WE
HAVE READ THAT IN THE PAPERS
THAT HE THINK HE IS GOING TO
RECOMMEND MANDY COHEN TO THE
DCD SLOT AND SHE SPENT A NUMBER
OF YEARS AS THE SEC. OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES NORTH
CAROLINA. BEFORE THAT SHE SPENT
MANY YEARS IN THE OBAMA
MENSTRUATION AND SHE IS
WELL-CONNECTED. I THINK SHE
WOULD BE A GREAT CANDIDATE FOR
THIS POSITION BUT THAT IS NOT
OFFICIAL YET. AND THEN WE HAVE
KARINA WALTERS WHO IS STEPPING
IN TO THE POSITION OF TRIBAL
HEALTH RESEARCH OFFICE. WE WORK
CLOSELY WITH HIS OFFICE IN THE
PAST WHICH HAS BEEN VERY USEFUL
TO US IN DEVELOPING RELATIONS
WITH THE TRIBAL COUNCILS,
MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO INVOLVE
NATIVE AMERICANS IN OUR
CLINICAL TRIALS IN SOME OF OUR
CLINICAL STUDIES.
EXCEPT FOR LARRY TADEBACK
EVERYBODY THAT I TALKED ABOUT
SO FAR IS A WOMAN. WE WILL COME
BACK TO THAT THINGS ARE MORE
DURING THE COURSE OF THE
MORNING. BUT I DO WANT TO
MENTION THE JOHN GALLAND
(PHONETIC) HAS RETIRED OR HAS
RETIRED AND IN ADDITION TO
BEING AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST
HE HAS SERVED NIH AND NIAID, HE
HAS BEEN THE SCIENTIFIC
DIRECTOR FOR NIAID AND THE
LONGEST SERVING DIR. FOR THE
CLINICAL CENTER IN THE HISTORY
OF NIH. HE IS ALSO A GOOD
FRIEND AND A COLLEAGUE FOR MANY
OF US.
MONICA GOODENOW, OFFICE OF
AIDS RESEARCH HAS STEPPED DOWN
AND THE ACTING DIRECTOR OF OAR
IS BILL -- BILL HAS BEEN IN THE
CHILD HEALTH INSTITUTE FOR MANY
YEARS AND IS WORKED WITH NIAID
STAFF AND HE HAS BEEN
PARTICULARLY ACTIVE IN
ADOLESCENT HIV TRIALS. WE KNOW
HIM WELL IN THE THINK IS GOING
TO BE A TERRIFIC PERSON IN THAT
OFFICE FOR US.
JEREMY FERRAR (PHONETIC) IS
NOT BEEN NAMED AS THE CHIEF
SCIENTIST FOR WHO AND SOME OF
THE NIAID HAVE WORK WITH OR
ALONGSIDE JEREMY FOR SEVERAL
DECADES, PARTICULARLY DURING
THE PAST 10 YEARS WHEN HE HAS
BEEN THE DIRECTOR OF THE
WELLCOME TRUST.
IMMEDIATELY AFTER HIS
APPOINTMENT WAS ANNOUNCED, HE
CAME TO VISIT US AT NIAID AND I
THINK WE HAD A REALLY GOOD
CONVERSATION WITH MANY FOR
SENIOR STAFF WITH HIM SO I
THINK THIS IS GOING TO BE A
VERY GOOD RELATIONSHIP IN THE
FUTURE.
I'M SAD TO REPORT THAT ED --
DIED IN MARCH. ED WITH THE
DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF
AIDS WHEN I ARRIVED HERE AND
MORE RECENTLY HE HAS BEEN THE
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF CLINICAL
RESEARCH IN THE DIVISION OF
CLINICAL RESEARCH.
WHEN I FIRST GOT HERE, ED
SPENT HOURS TRYING TO TEACH ME
ABOUT THE INTRICACIES OF
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON HIV.
AND EVEN JUST A WEEK BEFORE HE
DIED, HE CALLED ME UP TO MAKE
SURE I KNEW THAT HE WAS
AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT AND ADVICE
IN THIS POSITION AS ACTING
DIRECTOR. HE WAS A VERY
GENEROUS MAN.
WE ARE DELIGHTED THAT TED
PEARSON IS NOW OFFICIALLY THE
DIRECTOR OF THE VACCINE
RESEARCH CENTER. I THINK THE
LAST OFFICIAL ACT THAT TONY
FAUCI DID AS A DIRECTOR VISIT
TO ASK TED TO TAKE HIS POSITION
AND HE ASKED HIM TO TAKE THIS
JOB AT THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM
LABORATORY CHIEF, FAMOUS
BECAUSE HE WAS DEVOTED TO THE
YOUNGER PEOPLE IN HIS LAB. I AM
SURE THAT IS A TRADITION HE IS
GOING TO CONTINUE. HIS
APPOINTMENT THEN FREEZES UP
RICK KELP (PHONETIC) WITH ONE
ANOTHER TO DO WITH DIRECTOR OF
THE BRC, BUT HE DID A BEAUTIFUL
JOB AND NOW HE WILL RETURN TO
BEING THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR.
GARY NABEL AND JOHN -- AND
RICK -- THERE IS INCREDIBLE
TALENT OVER IN THE BRC. IT WAS
A PLEASURE TO WORK WITH RICK
DURING THE TIME THAT HE WAS
ACTING DIRECTOR.
JOHANNES SCHNEIDER (PHONETIC)
HAS BEEN NAMED THE DIRECTOR OF
THE OFFICE OF STRATEGIC
PLANNING AT INITIATIVE
DEVELOPMENT LAB ANALYSIS OR
SPIDA AS WE CALL IT THE NIGHT
HAVE BEEN HERE FOR 17 YEARS AND
IT HAS NEVER BEEN ENTIRELY
CLEAR WHAT SPIDA DOES, ALTHOUGH
I KNOW IT DOES LOTS OF THINGS.
I THINK THAT THE STRATEGIC
PLANNING ASPECT OF IT MEANS
THAT THIS OFFICE IS
INTERSECTION WITH MANY OTHER
PARTS OF THE NIH, AND INDEED
WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
SO IT REALLY IS A BIG DEAL,
THIS OFFICE.
TO PUT IT THIS WAY, ON MY CC
LINE FOR EMAILS THAT I WRITE
IS ACTING DIRECTOR, THE FOUR
MOST COMMON NAMES ARE JOE
HARPER IS A DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR
SCIENCE MANAGEMENT, JOHANNA
SCHNEIDER, COURTNEY MILLET
(PHONETIC) AS DIRECTOR OF
COMMUNICATION THAT MELINDA
HASKINS LEGISLATIVE OFFICE.
DID I MENTION THAT THEY WERE
ALL WOMEN?
JANET MCNICHOL HAS JOINED US
AS THE CHIEF OF THE DAYS
VACCINE CLINICAL RESEARCH
BRANCH AND SHE COMES TO US
AFTER MANY DECADES AT THE CDC
AND SOMEHOW WE ATTRACTED HER
AWAY.
AND ROGER PECK (PHONETIC) HAS
JOINED DAYS IN THE DRUG
DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL
RESEARCH BRANCH AND COMES TO US
AFTER 30 YEARS IN PRIVATE
INDUSTRY MANAGING HIV TRIALS,
AND HIV RESEARCH PROGRAMS.
RUTH WOODWARD STEPPING DOWN AS
THE CHIEF OF THE BRC
TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES PROGRAM.
SHE HAS HAD MANY YEARS AS AN
EXPERT WORKING WITH NONHUMAN
PRIMATES.
NOW WE ARE GOING TO MOVE TO
SOME AWARDS, DANNY -- BEEN
ELECTED FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN
ACADEMY OF MICROBIOLOGY. THIS
IS HOW DANNY ACTUALLY LOOKS.
YESTERDAY OR TWO DAYS AGO I SAT
AT A TABLE WITH DANNY. HE WAS
WEARING A SUIT, AND WAS CLEANLY
SHAVEN. I DID NOT RECOGNIZE WHO
HE WAS. LUIGI NOTORLENZO
(PHONETIC) HAS BEEN ELECTED
DIRECTOR OF THE AMERICAN
ACADEMY OF PHYSICIANS AND --
HAS BEEN ELECTED AS DIRECTOR OF
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND
JASMINE -- WILL BE APPOINTED AS
DIRECTOR OF THE INSTITUTE
PASTEUR, OF COURSE WE WERE
DISAPPOINTED TO LOSE A STAR IN
THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM, AND SHE
HAS BEEN THAT FOR MANY YEARS
BUT WHAT A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY
FOR HER AND HER NATIVE FRANCE,
IT IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR US TO
MAINTAIN COLLABORATIONS WITH
THE INSTITUTE PASTEUR IN THE
FUTURE AND NOW THIS IS TO THE
NIH AND THE NIAID.
WE WERE THRILLED TO HAVE AN
AFTERNOON WHEN -- THE WHITE
HOUSE WERE NEEDED FOR COVID
RESPONSE SPENT AN AFTERNOON AT
THE NIH LEARNING ABOUT WHAT WE
DO AND WE KNEW WHEN HE CAME
HERE THAT HE WAS DEVELOPING IN
HIS MIND WHAT HAS NOW BEEN
CALLED PROJECT NEXTGEN. THIS
GIVES AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT
WHAT WE THOUGHT WE COULD OFFER
THAT PROGRAM ESPECIALLY IN THE
WAY OF VACCINE STUDIES IN THE
FUTURE, BOTH TO DEVELOP BROADER
VACCINES, AND ALSO PERHAPS
ACHIEVE MUCOSAL PROTECTION.
HERE, KAREEM BOCK, (PHONETIC),
TED PEARSON, ASISHA, LARRY
TADEBACK -- HOW DO NOT END UP
IN THE PICTURE? YOU ARE AT THIS
MEETING. EVEN WITH DOCTOR
FAUCI JOHN OTHER FOREIGN
VISITORS COME TO SEE US. THE
PRESIDENT OF THE JAPAN AGENCY
FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT, THE MINISTER OF
HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
INNOVATION FROM SOUTH AFRICA,
AND THIS WAS A FASCINATING
VISIT FROM DEMETRI BUTTOW
(PHONETIC) FROM UKRAINE WHO HAS
BEEN CONCLUDING TO OUR TD
PORTAL DOING RESEARCH EVEN
THOUGH HE IS WITHIN THE SOUND
OF THE WAR IN HIS COUNTRY. HE
HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MOST
PRODUCTIVE OF OUR TB
INVESTIGATORS ABROAD.
WE ALSO HAVE SPECIAL CONTACT
WITH DOCTOR -- DIRECTOR GENERAL
OF THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF
MEDICAL RESEARCH AND WE HAD A
LONG PRODUCTIVE ZOOM
CONVERSATION WITH HIM. AND
THEN JUST LAST FRIDAY I HAD
DINNER ALONG WITH OTHERS WITH
DR. -- -- THE SECRETARY OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. THESE
ARE THE TWO HIGHEST RANKING
PEOPLE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
IN INDIA. AND THINK IT SPEAKS
WELL OF OUR FUTURE RELATIONSHIP
WITH HIS COUNTRY.
WE HAVE HAD THE VACCINE ACTION
PROGRAM, SO-CALLED VAP, NOW IN
HIS 36 YEAR AND DOCTOR FAUCI
AND DOCTOR-- SIGNED A FIVE-YEAR
EXTENSION SHORTER BEFORE DOCTOR
FAUCI STEP DOWN.
THESE ARE THE TOP 10 CLINICAL
RESEARCH AWARDS PRESENTED TO
PETER -- FROM THE INTRAMURAL
PROGRAM AND I WILL COME BACK TO
THIS. IT WAS FOR THE SAFETY AND
EFFICACY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
AGAINST MALARIA IN MALI, AND IS
A SETTABLE COME BACK TO
MENTIONING THIS IN THE FUTURE.
ALSO WANT TO MENTION THAT NIH
HAS RELEASED A STRATEGIC PLAN
FOR DTIA, THE BROADER STRATEGIC
PLAN FOR NIH'S HOME.
AND NOW THE BUDGET UPDATE.
FIRST OF ALL THIS IS HISTORY
ALSO. THE TOP PEOPLE IN
APPROPRIATING FUNDS AT THIS
POINT ARE ALL WOMEN. SUSAN
COLLINS, PATTY MURRAY, ASHANDRA
-- AND ROSA DOLORA (PHONETIC).
ASHANDRA YOUNG (PHONETIC) IS
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET AND IF
YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THE
PAPERS SHE IS ONE OF THE TWO OR
THREE PEOPLE MOST LIKELY
INVOLVED IN THE BUDGET CEILING
NEGOTIATIONS.
THIS IS THE BUDGET THAT WE ARE
NOW WORKING UNDER FOR THIS YEAR.
I FOUND IT A LITTLE BIT
IRRITATING THAT WE WERE
ACTUALLY HAVE A SMALLER
INCREASE THAN MANY OTHER
INTRODUCED DESPITE THE FACT
THAT WE ARE THE PANDEMIC
PREPAREDNESS INSTITUTE. HOW CAN
WE NOT THINK ABOUT PANDEMIC
FAIRNESS AS WE COME OFF A
HISTORIC PANDEMIC FOR THE LAST
SEVERAL YEARS?
AS THIS BUDGET WAS BEING
DEVELOPED THERE WERE TIMES WHEN
THERE WAS A LINE THEREFORE
PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS, BUT IT
ALL DROPPED OUT BEFORE IT WAS
ENACTED SO THIS BUDGET BECAME
OFFICIAL IN JANUARY, SHORTLY
BEFORE DOCTOR FAUCI STEP DOWN
SO WE SAT DOWN WITH HIM AND
AGREED THAT IT JUST IS NOT
POSSIBLE FOR NIAID TO GO
FORWARD WITHOUT SOME KIND OF
PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM.
AND SO WE HAVE AGREED TO USE
100 MILLION DOLLARS OF OUR OWN
FUNDS IN ORDER TO INITIATE THE
REVAMP NETWORK WHICH I BELIEVE
WAS APPROVED IN COUNCIL AT HIS
LAST SESSION WHICH IS A NETWORK
OF RESEARCH OR WILL BE A
NETWORK OF RESEARCH CENTERS TO
DEVELOP VACCINES AND
ANTIBIOTICS USING THE PROTOTYPE
PATHOGEN APPROACH. THE
APPLICATIONS ARE DUE JUST A
COUPLE OF DAYS NOW. AND WE
WILL COME BACK TO COUNCIL FOR
REVIEW IN JANUARY SO WE ARE
DOING PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS BUT
WE HAVE TO FUNDED FROM OUR OWN
ORDINARY APPROPRIATIONS.
NOW THE PRESIDENT RELEASES
BUDGET ON MARCH 9. IT LOOKED
LIKE THIS. I AM A MEMBER OF THE
EXECUTIVE BRANCH AND SO IT IS
MY JOB TO SUPPORT THE
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET, OF COURSE I
DO BUT I WILL REPORT TO YOU
WHAT A PRIVATE CITIZEN NAMED
TONY FOUCI DID. HE CALL ME WHEN
THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET WAS
REASON HE SAID, WHAT THE HECK?
ACTUALLY THAT IS NOT QUITE WHAT
HE SAID BUT YOU GET THE IDEA.
FRANKLY I THINK THAT WE PAY
RELATIVELY LITTLE ATTENTION TO
THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET. YOU MAY
RECALL THAT DURING THE CROP
ADMINISTRATION WERE REGULAR
EARLY SO 25% CUTS BEING
RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT
AND INSTEAD GAVE US AN
INCREASE. THIS HOWEVER IS A
DIFFERENT TIME AND I DON'T
THINK EVEN BEFORE NEGOTIATIONS
FOR THE DEBT CEILING, THAT WE
WERE LIKELY TO SEE MUCH OF AN
INCREASE IN FACT I THINK THAT
THE PRESIDENT ALREADY SEEN THE
WRITING ON THE WALL WITH THIS
CONGRESS THAT WE WOULD NOT GET
A VERY BIG INCREASE WITH THE
NEGOTIATIONS TO RAISE THE DEBT
CEILING.
THIS IS A SLIDE THAT YOU
PROBABLY HAVE SEEN MANY TIMES,
THE RELATIVE SIZE OF THE NIH
BUDGET WITH CANCER BEING THE
LARGEST IN HOURS BEING THE
SECOND LARGEST. BUT IF YOU
HAVE WATCHED OVER THE YEARS,
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING IS
NOW THE THIRD LARGEST INSTITUTE
AT NIH BECAUSE SOME OF US BABY
BOOMERS ARE GETTING OLD AND
WORRIED ABOUT AGING ILLNESSES.
BUT THE BIGGEST CHANGE OVER THE
COURSE OF THE TIME THAT I HAVE
BEEN HERE IN THE OFFICE OF
DIRECTOR. WHEN I GOT HERE TO
GO SOMEWHERE BETWEEN FOGARTY
AND THE NURSING INSTITUTE IN
RELATIVE SIZE AND IS NOW A GOOD
SIZE INSTITUTE OF ITS OWN.
THIS IS OUR BUDGET. THE LAST 7
TO 8 YEARS HAVE BEEN RELATIVELY
GOOD FOR US. THIS IS THE
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET HERE AT
FLAT; BUT FLAT I DON'T THINK IS
INDEED WHAT WE WILL SEE.
NOW YOU HAVE SEEN THIS BEFORE
MANY TIMES. THE IMPORTANT
NUMBER HERE IS THE 12
PERCENTILE, UNFORTUNATELY WE
HAD TO STRUGGLE EVEN TO GET TO
THE 12 PERCENTILE FOR OUR PAIN
LINE THIS YEAR WHICH IS
DISCOURAGING.
NOW, I HAVE BEEN COMPLAINING
IN THE BUDGET THESE PAST TENSE
SLIDES BUT LET ME ADMIT THAT
OVER THE COURSE OF THE PAST
SEVERAL YEARS WE HAVE HAD
ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR THE
COVID RESPONSE AND WE STARTED
WITH $1.5 BILLION APPROPRIATION
FROM CONGRESS TO US IN THIS
SLIDE LISTED 140 MILLION IS
FORECAST TO BE SPENT. WHAT WE
HAVE IS COMMITMENTS FOR OUT
YEAR FUNDING FOR NOT GET
OBLIGATIONS. I WILL SHOW YOU
WHERE THAT ONE JUST A MOMENT.
IN ADDITION TO THE 1.5 BILLION
WE RECEIVE THESE AMOUNTS, 3.3,
CLOSE TO $5 BILLION ALL TOTAL
OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS DUE
TO BOTH THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH
AND VACCINE RESEARCH.
NOW, THE DEBT CEILING
LEGISLATION. FROM OUR POINT OF
VIEW THERE WERE TWO CRITICAL
PARTS OF IT. ONE IS A LIMIT ON
FEDERAL NONDEFENSE
DISCRETIONARY SPENDING BOTH IN
FISCAL YEAR 24 AND 25; SO I
THINK THE HANDWRITING IS PRETTY
CLEAR. WE ARE GOING TO BE FLAT
OVER THE NEXT YEAR TO TWO.
IN ADDITION, THIS LEGISLATION
PRESENTS ANY UNOBLIGATED COVID
SUPPLEMENT FUNDING ACROSS THE
GOVERNMENT, WHICH WAS ESTIMATED
TO BE IN THE RANGE OF $30
BILLION. WE GOT WORD THAT THIS
KIND OF RESCISSION WAS A REAL
POSSIBILITY ABOUT THREE WEEKS
BEFORE THE LEGISLATION WAS
SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT SO WE
HAVE HAD MEMBERS OF OUR
DIVISION OF EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITY
IS WORKING LITERALLY DAY AND
NIGHT TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL OF
THE MONEY THAT WAS GIVEN TO US
ACTUALLY IS OUT THE DOOR AND
OBLIGATED, INCLUDING 300 ALIEN
THAT WE RECENTLY RECEIVED, OR
RECEIVED LATE LAST WEEK FOUR
THE NEXTGEN VACCINE STUDIES.
WE HAVE ESSENTIALLY SAVED 400
PLUS MILLION DOLLARS BY THE
HARD WORK OF THE PEOPLE IN THE
DIVISION OF EXTRAMURAL; I THINK
WE ENDED UP WITH $1 MILLION
THAT WE COULD NOT GET OUT THE
DOOR AT THE LAST MINUTE THAT IT
WAS A PRETTY HEROIC EFFORT THAT
WENT INTO THIS. THOSE PEOPLE OF
COURSE ARE NEVER SEEN OUTSIDE
OF THEIR OFFICES. WE DON'T
RECOGNIZE AND WHAT WE REALLY
NEED TO BE AWARE OF THE AMOUNT
OF EFFORT THAT WENT INTO
GETTING THIS MONEY OBLIGATED IN
TIME.
LEGISLATIVE UPDATE. I HAVE
BEEN FORTUNATE TO ONLY HAVE TO
GO TO CONGRESS WANTS,
ACCOMPANIED DOCTOR TADEBACK FOR
A BRIEFING WITH SENATOR BERNIE
SANDERS. HIS CASE TO US WAS
HEY, NIH, YOU SPENT OVER $1
BILLION DOLLARS HELPING TO MAKE
MODERNA APPROVED ANOTHER HAVE
MADE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. DON'T
YOU HAVE LEVERAGE OVER THERE ON
PRICING? OUR ANSWER WAS NO AND
HE DID NOT LIKE THE ANSWER.
THERE WAS A TIME IN THE PAST
WHEN NIH TRIED TO LICENSE ITS
INVENTION WITH A REASONABLE
PRICING CLAUSE IN IT, AND
COMPANY SIMPLY WALKED AWAY FROM
THAT POSSIBILITY. SO NOTHING
HAPPENED. IT WAS UNDER HAROLD
-- WE STUDIED THIS ISSUE AND
CONCLUDED THAT WE CANNOT PUT
DRUG PRICING INTO OUR LICENSING
AGREEMENTS. SO WE DON'T HAVE
ANY LEVERAGE OVER MODERNA.
SHOUT TO -- -- WHO ACCOMPANIED
DOCTOR TADEBACK OUR GURU FOR
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS. I ALSO
APPRECIATE ALL THE EFFORT THAT
THIS INDIVIDUAL PUT IN OVER THE
COURSE OF THE PAST 3-4 MONTHS.
NO ONE OTHER CONGRESSIONAL
ACTION ON WORLD MALARIA DAY,
RECOGNITION OF MALARIA RESEARCH
AT NIH THIS TIME IT IS BOB
SEDER (PHONETIC) WHO WAS
RECEIVING THE RECOGNITION ON
BEHALF OF THE NIH BUT ACTUALLY
THE IMPORTANT WORK THAT THEY
ARE REFERRING TO WAS A
COLLABORATION BETWEEN PETER
COMPTON WHOM I MENTIONED BEFORE
AND BOB SEDER, AND IT WAS THE
WORK WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
AGAINST MALARIA. THIS WAS ONE
OF THE RESULTS, 88% PREVENTION
STUNNING RESULT, IN THIS AND
SUBSEQUENT GENERATION OF
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ARE IN
DEVELOPMENT AS WE WORK TOWARDS
POTENTIALLY BRINGING THESE
LICENSURES.
I NOW WILL DO A QUICK RESEARCH
UPDATE IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT
AREAS. MOST OF THEM WILL BE
FAMILIAR TO YOU SO WE WILL MOVE
QUICKLY. YOU ARE AWARE THAT THE
NCDC HAS DECLARED THE PUBLIC
HEALTH EMERGENCY OVER THAT DOES
NOT MEAN COVID IS OVER BECAUSE
WE'RE STILL RUNNING AROUND 200
DEATHS PER DAY, ABOUT 10,000
PEOPLE IN THE YEAR WHICH IS
STILL TOO HIGH. MANY OF THE
PEOPLE WHO ARE DYING AT THIS
POINT ARE PEOPLE WHO ARE
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED OR OLD BUT IT
IS STILL TRUE THAT WE CAN
PROTECT PEOPLE BETTER, WITH
BETTER USE OF PAXLOVID AND
PEOPLE USING THE BIVALENT
BOOSTERS. ONLY ABOUT 30 TO 40%
PEOPLE ARE AVAILING THEMSELVES
OF THAT OPPORTUNITY.
DOCTOR FOUCI HAS GIVEN TALKS
TO US AND I'VE USED A STOCK ON
ONE OR TWO OCCASIONS ABOUT
LESSONS FROM CVOID-19. I WILL
MENTION ONE HERE. IT WAS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR US TO USE
EXISTING CLINICAL TRIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE IN ORDER TO MOVE
FORWARD ON THE PANDEMIC WITH
THE SPEED THAT WE DID.
SO WE CREATED USING THE HTBN,
THE HTPN, THE HTPG SITES, TO
CREATE THE CVOID-19 PREVENTION
NETWORK CAN THIS NETWORK
CREATED HARMONIZE CLINICAL
TRIALS WITH COMMON END POINTS,
COMMON ASSAYS, A SINGLE IRB,
AND WE WERE ABLE TO RUN OVER
THE COURSE OF THE FIRST YEAR,
FIVE PHASE 3 TRIALS IN A TOTAL
OF HUNDRED 36,000 DEPENDS,
LEADING TO LICENSURE OF A
NUMBER OF THESE VACCINES.
THIS IS THE CVOID-19
PREVENTION NETWORK AND YOU CAN
SEE THE BREADTH OF THE SITE
INVOLVED IN THIS RESPONSE.
I MENTIONED ALREADY PROJECT
NEXTGEN, SOMETHING DEVISED BY
-- BUT WE STILL NEED TO DO AND
BY WAY OF A COVID RESPONSE
CREATING LONG-LASTING MUCOSAL
VACCINES AND OTHER NEW
TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NIAID ROLE
IS TO INITIATE A CLINICAL TRIAL
TO EVALUATE MUCOSAL AND BROADLY
PROTECTIVE VACCINES. THAT WAS
THE LAST $300 MILLION OF COVID
FUNDING THAT CAME TO OUR
AGENCY.
SPEAKING OF MUCOSAL VACCINES,
JANE ASHLEY (PHONETIC) FROM --
DEVELOPED THE BRAINCHILD OF
HERS TO HAVE A WORKSHOP ON
MUCOSAL VACCINES, WHICH TOOK
PLACE LAST YEAR. THIS IS THE
REPORT OF THAT WORKSHOP, THAT
CAME OUT IN APRIL OF THIS
SPRING.
WHILE THIS WAS HER IDEA, MANY
OTHER GROUPS, BARTA, SEPI, THE
WELLCOME TRUST, BILL AND
MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION ALL
WANTED TO PARTICIPATE IN WHY
NOT BECAUSE IT WAS GREAT. IT
WAS A TERRIFIC WORKSHOP THAT
FUNDAMENTALLY POINTED OUT SOME
OF THE DIFFICULT THESE THAT LIE
AHEAD FOR DEVELOPING TRULY
PROTECTIVE MUCOSAL VACCINES.
ANOTHER ONGOING ACTIVITY IN
THE AREA OF COVERT RESEARCH IS
THE SO-CALLED STRIVE PROTOCOL
WHICH IS EVALUATING FUTURE
ANTIVIRALS, FOR THOSE
HOSPITALIZED ADULTS WITH
CVOID-19. THE MOST IMPORTANT
TRIAL AT THIS POINT INVOLVES A
PRODUCT FROM JAPAN KNOWN AS
SHINOGI (PHONETIC) ANTIVIRAL
AND THIS PLAN IS TO ENROLL 1500
PEOPLE TO ASSESS THE CLINICAL
EFFICACY OF THIS NEW ANTIVIRAL.
IT IS A PROTEASE INHIBITOR DOES
NOT HAVE THE DRUG INTERACTION
EFFECT THAT PAX LOVID HAD. IT
LOOKS LIKE IT WILL BE EASIER TO
USE.
VIRUS UPDATE. IT ALL IN THE
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO,
TANZANIA WITH -- INCIDENTALLY
THERE IS ALSO SUDAN IN 2022 AND
UGANDA, EQUATORIAL GUINEA WITH
(INDISCERNIBLE), THESE RELATED
VIRUSES HAVE CONTINUED TO BE A
PROBLEM IN AFRICA. WORK FROM
THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM HAS
SHOWN IN NONHUMAN PREMISE THAT
YOU GET RAPID PROTECTION
AGAINST MARBER (PHONETIC)
VIRUS, AND FROM THE VRC, THAT
WAS DIR, THIS IS VRC, CHIMP
WITH THE MARBER VACCINE IN
PHASE I TRIALS WITH EXCELLENT
ANTIBODY RESPONSES. AND HINES
FELDMAN IN THE INTRAMURAL
PROGRAM HAS -- AND DISSIDENT
VACCINE WHICH IS LOOKING
PROMISING IN NONHUMAN PREMISE
AS WELL.
MPOX UPDATE, AS YOU KNOW,
MPOX IS ENDEMIC AND PORTIONS OF
AFRICA BUT OVER THE PAST YEAR
THERE HAS BEEN A MAJOR OUTBREAK
AROUND THE WORLD, AROUND 87,000
CONFIRMED CASES OF MPOX.
IN THIS COUNTRY THE INCIDENTS
LOOKS LIKE THIS SINCE I TOOK
OVER AS THE ACTING DIRECTOR IN
JANUARY. IT HAS BEEN PRETTY
SMALL PROBLEM ON OUR WATCH. WE
WERE UNDER PRESSURE TO ADD A
RESEARCH COMPONENT, TO THE
EFFORT TO RESPOND TO MPOX. WE
HAVE A VACCINE FROM GENIOS
(PHONETIC), EFFECTIVE AGAINST
MPOX AND TPOX THAT WAS ALSO
EFFECTIVE NOT A WHOLE LOT FOR
US TO DO. WE INITIATED A TRIAL
FOR YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS TO
RECEIVE THE GENIOS VACCINE
WHICH UP UNTIL THAT POINT WAS
ONLY APPROVED FOR ADULT.
HIV AIDS, TWO MAJOR ITEMS.
FIRST VERY RECENTLY THE FIRST
IN HUMAN GERMLINE TARGETED HIV
NANO PARTICLE HAD INTERESTING T
CELL INDUCING PROPERTIES THAT
APPARENTLY ARE GOING TO HELP
WITH THE B CELL RESPONSE AS
WELL SO KEEP AN EYE ON THIS ONE.
THEN THERE IS THE REPRIEVE
STUDY WHICH ENDED UP ENROLLING
CLOSE TO 8000 VOLUNTEERS. THESE
ARE PEOPLE WHO DID NOT HAVE A
HIGH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE, WHO WERE PUT ONA
STATIN THE RESULT IS THAT 35%
LOWER RISK OF MAJOR ADVERSE
CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN
HIV-POSITIVE PEOPLE. THE STRAW
CONTINUE DURING THE COVID
OBJECT WHICH IS QUITE AMAZING.
THEY WERE ABLE TO KEEP THE
VOLUNTEERS ENROLLED IN THIS
TRIAL.
OTHER UPDATES VERY BRIEFLY.
FDA HAS APPROVED THE FIRST RSV
VACCINES FOR PEOPLE OVER 60.
AS YOU KNOW ALL THE PEOPLE ARE
AT RISK OF HOSPITALIZATION AND
DEATH FROM RSV. YOU PROBABLY
ALSO KNOW THAT SINCE THE 1960S
IT HAS BEEN A STRUGGLE TO
DEVELOP AN RSV VACCINE. INDEED
EARLY ATTEMPTS SHOWED
ENHANCEMENTS; NOW WE HAVE GSK
WITH APPROVAL IN JUST LAST WEEK
PFIZER HAS APPROVAL FOR OLDER
ADULTS WITH THIS VACCINE.
THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE IS ALSO
RECOMMENDED THAT THE PFIZER
VACCINE SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
INFANTS. ACTUALLY THIS IS
VACCINATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN
ROUGHLY HALFWAY THROUGH THE
PREGNANCY TO PROTECT THEIR
INFANTS AFTER BIRTH. THERE WERE
FOUR PEOPLE ON THE ADVISORY
COMMITTEE WHO WHILE ADMITTING
THAT THE DATA SHOWED GREAT
EFFICACY, THEY WERE CONCERNED
ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF
PREMATURE DELIVERY. THE
INCIDENTS WAS 5.6% IN THE
TREATMENT GROUP VERSUS 4.7% IN
THE CONTROL ARM WHICH WAS NOT
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT.
THEY DID BELIEVE THERE WAS A
HIGHER INCIDENCE OF PRETERM
DELIVERY. I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE
FDA WILL DECIDE TO DO WHEN IS
IT DOWN TO MAKE A DECISION ON
THIS ONE.
NOW I WANT TO SPEND A MOMENT
ON RSV VACCINES, BECAUSE IT IS
REALLY PART OF A HISTORY THAT
IS QUITE SIGNIFICANT. BARNEY
GRAHAM ALL OF HIS CAREER HAS
WANTED TO MAKE AN RSV VACCINE,
AND TRIED VERY HARD TO FIGURE
OUT WHAT WAS WRONG WITH THE
VACCINES BEFORE AND WHAT WE
COULD DO TO MAKE A BIG THINGS
NOT HE TEAMED UP WITH PETER
QUAN (PHONETIC) AND JASON
MCCLENDON (PHONETIC). PETER HAD
BEEN WORKING ON THE HIV SERVICE
PROTEIN AND THAT EXPERIENCED
LED THE THREE OF THEM TO FIGURE
OUT THAT THE PROBLEM IN
PRODUCING AN-- FOR THE RSV WAS
THE SPIKE PROTEIN OF THE
CORONAVIRUS WHICH IS AN
UNSTABLE MOLECULE, WHEN YOU
TAKE IT OFF THE VIRAL SURFACE
AND USE IT AS AN IMMUNOGENIC,
IT FLIPS OPEN AND IT RUINS THE
EPITOPES YOU MOST WANT TO STAY
STIMULATE. HE FOUND THAT BY
STABILIZING THIS PROTEIN IT WAS
A MUCH BETTER IMMUNOGEN AND
THAT IS THE BASIS OF THE
VACCINES APPROVED.
IN 2013 WHEN BARNEY HAD
SETTLED ON THE MANNER OF
STABILIZING THE PRE-FUSION
PROTEIN HE DECIDED WHAT ELSE
WOULD HE DO? HE FIGURED THAT
HIS WE HAD SARS IN 2002 AND
MERS IN 2012, HE REALLY DID
BELIEVE THAT THEY WOULD BE A
NEW CORONAVIRUS ARE BREAKING
THE FUTURE SO HE SAT DOWN TO
MAKE A MERS VACCINE AND WORKING
WITH THE SAME PEOPLE PARTICULAR
JASON MCCLENDON THEY DISCOVERED
THAT JUST TWO PROLINE NOTATIONS
IN THE S PROTEIN OF THE
CORONAVIRUS WOULD STABILIZE THE
PERFUSION MODULE CALLED THE S
2P MUTATION AND WHEN THE
SARS-COV-2 WAS PUBLISHED
ONLINE, JANUARY 2020,
SCIENTISTS FROM MODERNA AND
FROM NIH TOGETHER LOOK AT THE
SECONDS THE NEXT DAY AND
CONCLUDED THAT THE SAME TWO
MUTATIONS WERE LIKELY TO
STABILIZE THE SARS-COV-2
PRE-FUSION PROTEIN SO MODERNA
SET OUT FIVE DAYS AFTER THE
SEQUENCE TO PRODUCE A VACCINE
THAT WENT ON TO BE APPROVED BY
THE FDA.
SO THE HARD WORK OF DEVELOPING
THIS VACCINE HAPPEN FOR YEARS
BEFORE THE PANDEMIC AND REALLY
DIRECTLY DESCENDS FROM THE WORK
ON HIV TO THE WORK ON RSV AND
THEN TO THE CORONAVIRUS FOR
THIS PANDEMIC AND INFLUENZA
PHASE 1, -- NANO PARTICLE THAT
AFFECTS THE STEM, AND ANOTHER
VERSION OF THE SAME VACCINE,
AND MRNA VACCINES THAT GENERATE
THE SAME NANOPARTICLES THAT IS
IN PHASE 1 TRIAL, INVOLVING OUR
CIVICS PROGRAM. THIS WILL TAKE
PLACE AT DUKE.
ONE OR TWO OTHER QUICK RESULTS
TO TELL YOU ABOUT. THIS WAS A
TRIAL SHOWING POSTEXPOSURE
DOXYCYCLINE, PREVENTS BACTERIA
TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS WITHIN
72 HOURS OF COMMON (CORRECTION)
CONDOM LESS SEX, REDUCES TWO
THIRDS OF THE GONORRHEA CASES.
NOW SHOUT OUT TO -- -- OUR
LOCAL GURU IN AUTOIMMUNE AND
AUTO INFLAMMATORY DISEASES,
THIS IS ONE OF THE GENETIC
MUTATIONS SHE HAS DISCOVERED
OVER THE YEARS AND FINALLY LET
ME REMIND YOU THAT VAC LAST
FALL, -- BECAME THE FIRST FDA
APPROVED FOR DIABETES PATIENTS.
APPROVAL CAME IN NOVEMBER, 2022
BUT IT WAS THREE DECADES OF
RESEARCH REQUIRED TO ADVANCE
THIS CONCEPT, AND THE PEOPLE
WHO DID THAT ARE SITTING AT THE
TABLE THERE IT REALLY IS AN
EXTRAORDINARY STORY OF RESEARCH
OVER THE YEARS.
I AM FINISHED AND I AM HAPPY
TO TAKE QUESTIONS OR WE CAN AND
HAVE MORE QUESTIONS AFTER STEVE
HOLLAND PROCEEDS. YES?
>>(OFF MIC) -- MY QUESTION WAS
ABOUT THE NIH DIRECTOR BEING
CONFIRMED. WHEN IS THE PROCESS
SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN? AND
HOPEFULLY IT WILL GO THROUGH
WITHOUT ISSUE. WASN'T SHE
CONFIRM AS THE MCIA? DIDN'T SHE
HAVE TO GO TO SENATE
CONFIRMATION FOR THE MCIA?
>>THE CANCER DIRECTOR IS A
PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENT AND
THE CDC IS A RESIDENTIAL
APARTMENT SO NONE GO TO THE
SENATE CONFIRMATION SO MONICA
HAS NOT BEEN PREVIOUSLY
CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE SO THIS
WILL BE HER FIRST REFER THAT. I
CAN'T IMAGINE PERSONALLY COULD
SHE WOULD NOT GET CONFIRMED
EVENTUALLY BUT I KNOW IT WILL
BE AN ENTIRELY PLEASANT PROCESS
GIVEN SOME OF THE PEOPLE WE
HAVE IN THE SENATE AND THEIR
GRIPES ABOUT NIH. IT PUTS HER
IN THE POSITION-- PUTS US IN
THE POSITION-- THAT UNTIL THE
SENATE CONFIRMATION ACTUALLY
OCCURS NOBODY WANTS TO HAVE
ANYTHING TO DO WITH DISCUSSING
FUTURE PLANS FOR THE NIH WITH
MONICA. THAT IS NOT DONE. WE
DON'T WANT TO TARNISH THE
PROCESS OLD (CORRECTION) SO
LARRY TADEBACK IS STILL IN
CHARGE AND IF I WERE HIM, I
WILL BE IN COUPLE MAKING THE
APPOINTMENT OF THE NIAID
DIRECTOR UNTIL THE PERMANENT
NIH DIRECTOR IS IN PLACE AND UP
UNTIL THE TIME HE IS ALWAYS
PROMISED ME I WILL PROCEED AS
IF I WERE THE NIH DIRECTOR BUT
I THINK THE CHANGES TO GAME
WHEN YOU HAVE A NOMINEE IN THE
WAITING.
OKAY NEXT. WE ARE GOING TO
HEAR FROM DR. STEVEN HOLLAND,
ORDINARILY IN OUR SEQUENCE AT
THIS POINT WE WOULD ACTUALLY
HAVE HEARD FROM THE BRC
DIRECTOR BUT IT IS UNFAIR TO
TURN TO KEN PEARSON SEVERAL
WEEKS AWAY FROM BEING APPOINTED
TO THE JOB TO REPORT ON IT SO
DR. STEVEN HOLLAND HAS
GRACIOUSLY AGREED TO GO OUT OF
TURN TALK ABOUT THE BIR
PROGRAM. YOU HAVE BEEN THE
DIRECTOR OF THE INTRAMURAL
PROGRAM FOR SIX YEARS?
>>DR. HOLLAND: SEVEN NEXT
MONTH.
>>BEFORE STEVE TOOK OVER I WAS
THE ACTING DIRECTOR SO LOOKING
AT INTRAMURAL PROGRAM, AND
THOUGHT ABOUT IT FOR CLOSE TO A
YEAR AND WHAT I LEARNED IS THAT
THERE WAS NOT I WAS NOT AWARE
OF THAT NEEDED TO HAPPEN IN THE
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM AND HE HAS
REJUVENATED THE PROGRAM BOTH AT
THE HIGH LEADERSHIP LEVEL AND
AT THE YOUNGER LEVEL.
EXTRAORDINARY TO WATCH STEVE.
THANK YOU.
>>DR. HOLLAND: ALRIGHT SO LET
ME SEE IF I CAN GET MY SLIDES
UP. THE MISS THE BEGINNING
ALTHOUGH IT IS GREAT TO SEE ALL
OF YOU HERE IN PERSON WITH
MASKS OFF, IT WOULD BE SO MUCH
GREATER WITH COFFEE. I WANT TO
BE CLEAR THAT I DON'T THINK WE
HAVE ACHIEVED WHAT WE WANT IN
TERMS OF EMERGENCE FROM THE
PANDEMIC. (LAUGHTER).
I'M CONFIDENT WE CAN GET THERE.
I'M GOING TO TALK WITH YOU
BRIEFLY ABOUT THE SOME OF THE
THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN GOING ON
IN THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM, AND
TRIED TO BE I THINK BRIEF AND
TO THE POINT. HUGH DISCOVERED
SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTS AND I
WILL GO OVER THOSE VERY
QUICKLY. LET'S SEE HERE.
SO, JUST TO REMIND YOU THAT
FOR SOME OF YOU WHO HAVE NOT
BEEN ON THIS COMMITTEE BEFORE,
ALTHOUGH WE ARE AN INTRA-MURAL
PROGRAM, WE HAVE AT LEAST TWO
CAMPS IS HERE IN THIS COUNTRY.
HERE IN BETHESDA, AND OUR
PROGRAM IN MONTANA, IN HAMILTON
MONTANA. AND WE ARE ALSO
INTRAMURAL INTERNATIONAL. OUR
PROGRAMS AROUND THE WORLD
REALLY FORM THE BASIS FOR MANY
OF THE MOST CRITICAL ELEMENTS
OF THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM.
SO, OF COURSE THERE ARE MANY
THINGS THAT DISTINGUISH THE
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM FROM THE
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM. ONE OF
COURSE IS THE FENCE. I KNOW HOW
MUCH YOU ENJOYED THAT. THE
OTHERS ARE THAT WE HAVE
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF
RESEARCH. AND THAT
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW REALLY
DEPENDS ON THE BSC REVIEW OF
OUR INVESTIGATORS. EVERY FOUR
YEARS, EVERY SINGLE
INVESTIGATOR GETS REVIEWED. AND
IT IS CURRENTLY WE DO THIS
TWICE A YEAR ONE DECEMBER, ONCE
IN JUNE AND OTHER INSTITUTES DO
IT A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY. I
THINK FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE
BEEN ON THE BSC, YOU WOULD
AGREE THAT IT IS GRUELING BUT
EXHILARATING COUPLE OF DAYS
WITH A LOT OF SIGNS AND A LOT
OF INTERVIEW TIME. AND WE TAKE
YOUR EVALUATIONS VERY
SERIOUSLY, AND WE APPRECIATE
THE INPUT THAT YOU GIVE. WE
REALLY STRIVE TO MAKE ALL OF
OUR WORK OUTSTANDING AND
IMPACTFUL.
AND FROM THAT EVALUATION,
REALLY EVERYTHING COMES UP. NOW
WHERE IS OUR INTRAMURAL
PROGRAM? OVER THE LAST THREE
YEARS AS YOU CAN SEE HERE, OUR
UNDULATIONS FROM 2012 TO THE
END OF THIS FISCAL YEAR. AND WE
ARE EXPERIENCING THE REALITY OF
MANY SENIOR INVESTIGATORS
DECIDING TO RETIRE. YOU'VE
HEARD OF TONY'S RETIREMENT BUT
MANY OTHERS HAVE COME. I WILL
SHOW YOU SOME OF THOSE. ARE
NUMBERS ARE DIPPING A LITTLE
BIT. WE ARE RECRUITING ANYTHING
VIGOROUSLY AT THE TENURE-TRACK
AND TENURE LEVEL, AND WE ARE
ALSO IN VIEW OF THE REALITIES
OF THE BUDGET TRYING TO
REDISTRIBUTE A LITTLE BIT WHAT
WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE THOSE
PROGRAMS THAT WE RETAIN ARE
DOING WELL.
BUT WE'VE GOT AROUND 120
INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE TENURED OR
TENURE-TRACK DOING THE CRITICAL
WORK HERE.
SO WHAT OUR PRIORITIES? ARE
GOAL IS TO DO TRANSFORMATIVE
MEDICINE AND RESEARCH. WE
REALLY TRY TO HAVE A BENCH TO
BEDSIDE APPROACH THAT TAKES
FULL ADVANTAGE OF THE CLINICAL
CENTER AS WELL AS THE
LABORATORIES AND FULL ADVANTAGE
OF THE FACT THAT THEY ARE
JUXTAPOSED. AND IF YOU WALK TO
BUILDING 10 YOU REALIZE THAT
OUR LABORATORIES AND OUR
CLINICS ARE IMMEDIATELY
ADJACENT TO EACH OTHER.
OF COURSE WE ARE VERY
INTERESTED IN PUBLIC HEALTH
THREATS, DRUG-RESISTANT
MICROBES, EMERGING VIRUSES, AND
THE VACCINES WE NEED TO COUNTER
THOSE. WE ARE TRYING TO PARTNER
BOTH INTRAMURALLY, AND
EXTRAMURALY HE AND WITH
INDUSTRY TO ENSURE THE WORK
GETS DONE THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE.
IN FY 23 WE HAVE 752
PUBLICATIONS AND 18 OF THOSE
HAVE BEEN PART OF OUR PRESS
RELEASE. AND WE HAD 200
CLINICAL STUDIES.
YOU HEARD HUGH TALK ABOUT
COVID FUNDING AND COVID
ACTIVITIES AND WHAT HAS THE
COVID BROUGHT TO THE INTRAMURAL
PROGRAM. OVER 60% OF THE PIS OF
THE PROGRAM HAVE PIVOTED SOME
OF THEIR WORK TO COVID
ACTIVITIES AND THAT MEANS THAT
80 INVESTIGATORS AND BRANCHES
HAVE BEEN INVOLVED. IN KNOW
THERE HAVE BEEN OVER 470
PUBLICATIONS AND YOU CAN SEE
THE TOP 10 JOURNALS THAT HAVE
BEEN TARGETED BY THESE. THIS
DOES NOT INCLUDE MANY OF THEM,
NOT INCLUDING BIO ARCHIVE AND
MED ARE CAPITAL OCCASIONALLY I
INCLINED TO DO SO. THERE'S
ABOUT 10 JOURNALS TO GIVE YOU
AN IDEA OF THE SCOPE OF WHAT WE
HAVE BEEN DOING.
ONE OF THE WAYS WE HAVE DONE
THAT HAS TRIED TO ENGAGE THE
ENTIRE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM, NOT
EVERYBODY WOKE UP IN THE
MORNING WITH A BSL-3 LABORATORY
THEY CAN TURN TO, AND SAY I
WANT TO TURN THESE GREAT IDEAS
INTO REALITY. TO MAKE THAT
WORK WE PARTNERED WITH TED
PEARSON WHEN HE WAS IN THE
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM, NOT THE BRC
PROGRAM AND RETURNED TO TED AND
SAID, HOW CAN WE MAKE THIS
HAPPEN? AND TED HAD THIS GREAT
IDEA TO SET UP THE SARS-COV-2
VIROLOGY CORE. AND THEN
RETURNED TO -- -- AND THE PUT
TOGETHER THIS CORE IN A BSL-3
FACILITY WHERE YOU CAN COME IN
AND DO THE WORK YOURSELF IF YOU
ARE SKILLED IN THAT OR YOU CAN
COME INTO REED AND NICOLE AND
OTHERS, WHO COULD HELP YOU TURN
THOSE IDEAS INTO REALITY AND WE
HAD SOME MAJOR PAPERS THAT HAVE
COME OUT OF THAT SHOWING THE
POWER AND IMPORTANCE OF BEING
READY TO PIVOT AND PARTNER WITH
PEOPLE WHO WERE READY TO
PARTNER. THIS IS NOT TRUE THAT
THIS IS A PARADIGM FOR WHAT
PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS MIGHT
LOOK LIKE.
IN TERMS OF A COUPLE OF
UPDATES IN TERMS OF WHAT HAS
BEEN GOING ON IN OUR BUILT
ENVIRONMENT. WE HAVE BEEN
WORKING VIGOROUSLY OVER THE
LAST TWO YEARS TO RE-CREATE THE
RML ANIMAL FACILITY LOVINGLY
KNOWN AS BUILDING 34. IT IS NOT
A FLAW IN DESIGN THAT WE HAVE
HAD THESE LITTLE HOUSES
OUTSIDE. WE ARE GOING TO MOVE
THE PLUMBING INDOORS IN CASE
YOU ARE WORRIED ABOUT THAT
BEFORE WE ACTIVATE THE
BUILDING.
HERE ON THIS CAMPUS, THE
E-WING, THAT WHEN SHOWN HERE,
THIS IS OLD BUILDING 10. THIS
BUILDING HAS NOW BEEN TURNED
COMPLETELY INTO LABORATORY AND
OFFICE SPACE. THE E-WING HAS
BEEN GUTTED AND RENOVATED AS
PART OF THE ERA FUNDING AND
NOW WE ARE LOOKING TO OCCUPY
THE SPACE IN THE LATE SUMMER OF
THIS YEAR. IT SHOULD BE A REAL
TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY; THIS IS
13 FLOORS OF RENOVATED SPACE
THAT SHOULD REALLY ALLOW THE
ENTIRE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM TO
MOVE ITS LABORATORIES FORWARD.
OF COURSE, MUCH MORE IMPORTANT
THAN OUR BUILT ENVIRONMENT IS
OUR HUMAN ENVIRONMENT, THERE
ARE MANY RETIREMENTS TO
MENTION, TONY FOUCI STEP DOWN
IN DECEMBER AND -- -- WHO HAD
BEEN DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR 26
YEARS STEP DOWN IN FEBRUARY AND
HARMON CALDWELL WHO CAME HERE
FROM VACCINES STEP DOWN TO
NOVEMBER AND -- RETIRED IN
MARCH OF THIS YEAR AND BOB
MUNFORD, (PHONETIC), DEPUTY
CHIEF OF LABORATORY OF CLINICAL
IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
STEPPED DOWN IN DECEMBER AS DID
ALAN SHEAR (PHONETIC), CHIEF OF
LABORATORY OF PARASITIC
DISEASES. AND-- WILL BE
RETIRING LATER THIS YEAR.
AND THEN WE HAVE ALSO AT ROCKY
MOUNTAIN MULTIPLE RETIREMENTS,
ALL FOR THIS YEAR. JOHANNA BUSH
(PHONETIC) BOB HYSON, AND -- --
AND WILL HAVE MAJOR
CELEBRATIONS IN MONTANA.
AND THERE ARE PARTNERSHIP NOT
RETIREMENTS. AS YOU HEARD TED
HAS GRACIOUSLY ACCEPTED TO TAKE
OVER AS THE DIRECTOR OF THE
BRC. THIS IS A VERY
BITTERSWEET PILL FOR ME
PERSONALLY. TED HAS BEEN A
TREMENDOUS COLLABORATOR AND
COLLEAGUE HERE IN THE
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM. IT IS ONLY
SOFTENED BY KNOWING THAT HE
WILL BE NOW A TREMENDOUS
COLLABORATOR IN THE BRC GIVES A
SIGH THING THE CHANCE TO
DEVELOP BETTER AND FURTHER
SYNERGIES MOVING FORWARD. AND
THEN AS HUGH MENTIONED -- IS
LEAVING HERE TO GO TO THE
PASTEUR INSTITUTE AND WILL
CONTINUE AND THE LABORATORIES
SHE FOUNDED THE LABORATORY OF
POST-IMMUNITY AND MICROBE
BIOME. THE LABORATORY WILL
STAY OPEN AND WE ARE RECRUITING
FOR A NEW CHIEF OF IT NOW AND I
ENCOURAGE YOU, IF YOU HAVE
OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATORS WITH
THE MICROBIOME INTEREST, WE ARE
VERY SERIOUS ABOUT CONTINUING
AND GROWING THIS PROGRAM.
AS PART OF OUR MOVING FORWARD
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT WE HAVE A
NEWLY TENURED INVESTIGATORS,
ANDREA -- AND -- IN THE
LABORATORY IN MONTANA
OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATORS IN
EMERGING AGENTS OF VIRAL
DISEASE.
WE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY AND VERY
ENTHUSIASTICALLY RECRUITED
DOCTOR RASSICA MATHIAS
(PHONETIC) FROM JOHNS HOPKINS
WHO WILL JOIN THE LABORATORY OF
-- DISEASES IN THE SECTION OF
GENOMICS HELP, WE EXPECTED TO
BE ON BOARD LATER THIS YEAR.
DOCTOR JENNIFER WEBSTER SIRIAC
(PHONETIC), DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF
THE DENTAL INSTITUTE AND IS
JOINED OUR INSTITUTE AS AN
ADJUNCT INVESTIGATORS PART OF
LABORATORY OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES. SHE STUDYS HSV IN THE
SETTING OF HIV INFECTION.
A WORD ABOUT TENURE-TRACK. I'M
GOING TO MENTION THAT THERE ARE
THREE SEPARATE WAYS TO BE A
TENURED TRACK IN OUR COMMUNITY.
THERE IS A STRAIGHT LABORATORY
TENURE-TRACK POSITION OPEN, AND
THE EARL STATMAN (PHONETIC)
OPPORTUNITIES WHICH ARE FOR
BASIC SCIENTISTS, AND THE LAST
CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES WHICH
ARE OPEN APPLICATIONS THAT
ALLOW PEOPLE TO BE INTRAMURAL
FOR FIVE YEARS AND PROVIDE
FUNDING FOR THREE YEARS OF
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES SHOULD
THEY DECIDE TO GO OUTSIDE.
FOR ALL OF THESE, THERE ARE
THE POSSIBLE USE OF WHAT IS
CALLED THE DISTINGUISHED
SCHOLAR PROGRAM, WHICH IS
SUPPORTED IN PART BY BUILDING 1
TO RECOGNIZE YOUNG
INVESTIGATORS WHO ARE COMMITTED
TO A DIVERSE LABORATORY
ENVIRONMENT. AND THEY COME
WITH SOME COMPENSATION FROM
BUILDING 1 WHICH HELPS TO GET
THESE PEOPLE ESTABLISHED AND
OFF THE GROUND.
IN THAT CONTEXT, DOCTOR TIANA
EVANOVICH (PHONETIC) IS JOINING
US FROM BRANDEIS JOINING THE
LABORATORY OF VIRAL DISEASES
RECRUITED BY TED PEARSON BEFORE
HE LEFT, SHE HAS ALREADY BEEN
IDENTIFIED AS AN NIH
DISTINGUISHED SCHOLAR COLOR AND
SHE JUST JOINED LAST WEEK. WE
HAVE OTHER TENURE-TRACKS OPEN
AND GRIEVOUSLY THE LABORATORY
OF PERSISTENT VIRAL DISEASES--
IN THE LABORATORY OF MALARIA
AND VECTOR RESEARCH AND IN THE
LABORATORY OF VIROLOGY.
IN ADDITION TO THAT WE HAVE
LABORATORY CHIEF POSITIONS
OPEN, IN THE LABORATORY OF
IMMUNE REGULATION; THIS WAS
THAT LABORATORY THE TONY HAS
BEEN CHIEF OFTEN WE ARE NOW
MERGING LABORATORY OF IMMUNE
REGULATION WITH THE LABORATORY
OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HEADED BY
MALCOLM MARTIN, AND WHEN WE
IDENTIFY THE DIRECTOR THAT
PERSON WILL OVERSEE BOTH
LABORATORIES. WE ARE WITHIN
SEVERAL WEEKS OF HAVING A LAST
INTERVIEW AND I HOPE TO BE ABLE
TO GET THAT DECIDED OVER THE
SUMMER.
THE LABORATORY OF VIRAL
DISEASES, AS YOU KNOW WITH
TED'S DEPARTURE THAT IS NOW
OPEN FOR A NEW RECRUIT. AND
THEN THE LABORATORY OF
POST-IMMUNITY AND MICROBIOME
WITH JASMINE'S DEPARTURE WILL
BE LOOKING FOR A NEW CHIEF AS
WELL.
FINALLY, THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR
TO ME IN MY OFFICE, WE JUST GOT
THE PUBLISHED LAST WEEK AND WE
ARE LOOKING FOR SOMEONE IN THE
SENIOR SCIENTIST OR SENIOR
CLINICIAN LEVEL. AND IF YOU
HAVE PEOPLE THAT WILL BE
INTERESTED, WE ARE VERY KEEN TO
LEARN ABOUT THEM.
NOW, I'M GOING TO GIVE A VERY
BRIEF HIGHLIGHT ON SOME OF THE
RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM. HUGH HAS
TOUCHED ON A COUPLE OF THEM AND
I DON'T THINK ONE CAN EMPHASIZE
STRONGLY ENOUGH THE POWER OF
MONOCLONALS. MY GOD! THE LAST
FEW YEARS HAVE SHOWN US HOW
POTENT A DEVICE THOSE CAN BE
AND WHEN THEY ARE TURNED WITH
FULL FURY TARGETS IT IS AMAZING
WHAT WE CAN ACHIEVE AND THEN
THIS CONFORMITY WORK WITH BOB
SEDER AND -- -- THEY WERE ABLE
TO SHOW THIS DRAMATIC FOURFOLD
DROP IN THE RATE OF MALARIA.
THIS IS THE FIRST GENERATION OF
THEIR MONOCLONALS. MAN, THEY
ARE JUST BEGINNING TO FIGHT! IT
IS GOING TO BE AN ABSOLUTELY
GAME CHANGING TIME IN MALARIA.
USING THE SAME APPROACH, JEFF
COHEN AND HIS COWORKERS IN THE
LABORATORY OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES GENERATED MULTIPLE
MONOCLONALS AGAINST
EPSTEIN-BARR BAR BUYERS WHICH
ALL WITHOUT SOME ACTIVITY,
WHICH COMPLETELY BLOCKED IT IN
THE MOUSE MODEL, WE ARE NOW
READY TO TAKE IT TO HUMAN
TRIALS IN THIS CAN BE USED IN
ANYTHING FROM LYMPHOMA TO
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND THE
VIRUSES THAT WE WORK WITH? WE
TALK ABOUT VACCINES, BUT HOW DO
WE KNOW WHAT THOSE VACCINES DO?
HIT AND MISS IS WONDERFUL WHEN
YOU HIT, BUT IT IS AN ANONYMOUS
WASTE OF TIME AND ENERGY WHEN
YOU DON'T. AUDREY HARRIS HAS
BEEN WORKING TO TAKE THE
VACCINES THAT ARE ALREADY
DEVELOPED AND FIGURE OUT WHY
THOSE THAT WORK, WORK, AND WHY
THOSE THAT DON'T, DON'T. SO
AUDREY HAS BEEN DOING
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINES-- THE
COMMERCIAL ONES THAT ARE
AVAILABLE. THIS FRUSBEE
LOOK-ALIKE TURNS OUT TO BE
QUITE IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF
BEING OF THE DISPLAY ANTIGENS.
IN TERMS OF WHAT WE ARE
WORRIED ABOUT, AS MENTIONED
HERE ANDREA MARTSE AND -- HAVE
BEEN DEVELOPING SUDAN VIRUS,
AND WE HAVE A VACCINE THAT IS
BEEN PROTECTED IN THE NONHUMAN
PRIVATE MODEL.
BERNIE MOSS WAS DEDICATED
REALLY ALMOST ALL OF HIS CAREER
TO THE D SECTION AND
UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPOX
VIRUSES, SOUNDS LIKE A SMALL
CONDITION BUT IF YOU DO NOT
HAVE A MODEL YOU CANNOT PREDICT
ANYTHING. AND BERNIE HAS BEEN
WORKING TO DEVELOP THE MODELS
IN WHICH WE CAN UNDERSTAND THE
VIRULENCE AND THE MOLECULAR
UNDERPINNINGS OF DIFFERENT
STRAINS OF MPOX, THOSE ARE
HIGHLY OF VIRULENT IN AFRICA
AND THOSE THAT EPIDEMIC AND
THOSE THAT ARE ENDEMIC, TO
UNDERSTAND WHAT ARE THE RIGHT
TARGETS AND ONE OF THE REAL
CULPRITS.
AS WE LOOK FURTHER INTO HOW
COVID HAS INFLUENCED OUR LIVES
OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS, ONE OF
THE WAYS IT IS INFLUENCED IS
IMMUNOLOGICALLY. AND AMONG THE
FASCINATING AND UNEXPECTED
OBSERVATIONS, JOHN SANG
(PHONETIC) A TERRIFIC
INVESTIGATOR HERE AND REMAINS A
TERRIFIC INVESTIGATOR AT YALE
WHERE HE LEFT TO GO LAST
SUMMER, JOHN AND RACHEL GOT
TOGETHER AND STUDIED PEOPLE WHO
HAD HAD COVID AND THEN WERE
VACCINATED AGAINST INFLUENZA.
AND THE FASCINATING
OBSERVATION, AS YOU SEE HERE,
AGAIN YOU WERE INFECTED WITH
COVID AND THEN YOU GET
VACCINATED AGAINST THE FLU AND
WHAT YOU SEE HERE IS THAT THERE
IS A SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF
RESPONSE IN TERMS OF IMMUNE
RESPONSE TO THE INFLUENZA
VACCINE THAT DEPENDENT ON YOUR
PREVIOUS INFECTION WITH COVID.
BEGINNING TO HIGHLIGHT JUST HOW
COMPLICATED THESE INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN IMMUNE FUNCTION AND
VACCINE ADMINISTRATION ARE
GOING TO BE, IN THE FACT THAT
WE REALLY HAVE TO START TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT MANY DIFFERENT
VARIABLES, MANY MORE THAN WE
HAVE TAKEN ACCOUNT IN THE PAST.
MOVING ON AWAY FROM VIRUSES, I
KNOW THAT IS A PAIN TO SOME OF
YOU. BACTERIA ARE STILL
IMPORTANT. IT TURNS OUT THAT
YOU CAN INFLUENCE THE CARRIAGE
OF STAFF AUREUS BUT GIVEN
PEOPLE PROBIOTIC TREATMENT WITH
B -- -- AND THE FANTASTIC
WORKING TIME IN TRYING TO
UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN USE THE
MICROBIOME TO MANIPULATE THE
MICROBIOME. AND WHAT YOU SEE
HERE IS THAT HE HAS BEEN ABLE
TO DEVELOP THIS B SUBTILIS
(PHONETIC) THERAPY THAT LOOKS
AT STAFF ARUEUS PRE AND POST
WITHOUT USING ANTIMICROBIALS.
TRYING TO CONTINUE ALONG WITH
THE UNDERSTANDING OF MODELS AND
HOW TO USE THEM, KAT HAIG
(PHONETIC) ONE OF THE
INVESTIGATORS IN THE MRL, HAS
BEEN INVESTIGATING ORGANOID,
AND USING THOSE IN INSOMNIA AND
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THAT
INFLUENCES METABOLISM AND WHAT
YOU CAN SEE HERE IS THAT THEY
BOTH HAVE FAMILIAL FATAL
INSOMNIA, IT BOTH DIMINISHES
DESPITE THE RATE AND BURST RATE
BUT INCREASES THE PERIODICITY,
IMPAIRS NEURONAL FUNCTION AND
INCREASES THE -- OF THIS FATAL
INSOMNIA.
IN LOOKING AT HOW NEURONAL
ACTIVITY INTERACT WITH
MICROBIOME, -- -- ANOTHER TOUR
DE FORCE IS SHOWN HOW THE
MICROBIOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO T
CELL ACTIVATION IN THE RESIDENT
AREAS OF THE SKIN THAT IS
INVOLVED IN THE GENERATION OF
IL-17A THAT HELPS NEURONS
REGENERATE AFTER THEIR DAMAGE
SO A COMPLEX INTERACTION
BETWEEN THE MICROBIOME AND
NEURONAL REGENERATION THAT IS
IMPORTANT AND IF WE THINK ABOUT
THE DRUGS WE USED TO MANIPULATE
DISEASES, AS WELL AS HOW WE
MANIPULATE MICROBIOME, THIS IS
AN IMPORTANT SET OF OBSERVATION
AS WE MOVE FORWARD.
LOOKING FURTHER AT THE
MICROBIOME, IAN MILES HAS TAKEN
THIS APPROACH TO A COMPLETELY
NOVEL LEVEL AT LEAST IN MY
UNDERSTANDING, LOOKING AT WHERE
DOES ATOPIC DERMATITIS HAPPEN
AND WHAT ARE THE THINGS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT AROUND THOSE PEOPLE
WHO GET ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND
HE HAS IDENTIFIED ISOCYANATES
AS POLLUTANTS THAT ALTER THE
MICROBIOME AND THE SKIN THAT
HAS TO DO WITH WHO DEVELOPS
ATOPIC DERMATITIS. REMARKABLE
PIECE OF WORK AND I REALLY--
THIS PAPER IS EXCITING TO READ
AND IT IS GREAT TO HEAR IAN
PRESENT IT.
AND FINALLY AS AN EXAMPLE OF
WHAT THE INTRAMURAL PROGRAM CAN
DO AND HAS A PRIVILEGE TO DO,
THAT NOT ONLY DO WE GET TO DO
RETROSPECT THE RESEARCH, NOT
ONLY DO WE HAVE THE CLINICAL
CENTER BUT WE HAVE THE
PRIVILEGE OF DOING LONGITUDINAL
RESEARCH OVER PROLONGED
PERIODS. AND SO IN THIS COHORT
OF PATIENTS WITH CD4 LIPID--
WHEN IDIOPATHIC LIPID -- BECAME
PANDEMIC, WE ATTRACTED PATIENT
TO SEE WHAT HAPPENED AND ALL
THE MORTALITY DOES NOT SEEM TO
BE VERY AFFECTED THE
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER IS
MARKEDLY INCREASED AND THOSE
PEOPLE WHO HAVE PROLONGED CD4
LYMPHOCYTOPAENIA. (PHONETIC).
I WILL STOP HERE TO SAY WE ARE
COMMITTED TO WHAT WE HAVE BEEN
COMMITTED TO DOING ALL THESE
YEARS AND RECRUIT TALENT AT A
LEVEL. WE WANT TO CONTINUE TO
SUPPORT OUTSTANDING BASIC
SCIENCE. AND I THINK IT IS
CRITICAL THAT WE USE OUR
CLINICAL CENTER AND OUR
OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE SURE THAT
THAT BASIC SCIENCE HAS THE
OPPORTUNITY TO BE AS MARRIED AS
POSSIBLE TO THE CLINICAL SIGNS
THAT HE CAN INFLUENCE.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE
RESOURCES OF THE CHEMICAL
CENTER ARE AVAILABLE TO EACH
AND EVERY INVESTIGATOR WHO IS
INCLINED TO USE THEM; AND MAKE
SURE THAT WE PROMOTE
UNDERSTANDING OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THAT IT STARTS
TO UNDERSTANDING TARGETS AND
APPROACHES. AND WE REMAINED
ENTHUSIASTIC AND VERY
ENCOURAGING OF INTRAMURAL,
EXTRAMURAL, AND INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION AND WELCOME ANY
AND ALL INQUIRIES IN THAT AREA.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
I'LL BE HAPPY TO TAKE
QUESTIONS.