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HI, EVERYONE. I'M
GEORGE

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KOOB, DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL

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INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND

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ALCOHOLISM AND I WOULD LIKE TO

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WELCOME YOU TO OUR WEBINAR.

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HARNESSING TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL

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MEDIA TO ADDRESS ALCOHOL MISUSE

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IN ADOLESCENCE AND EMERGING

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ADULT. OUR PRESENTERS ARE

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MAUREEN WALTON UNIVERSITY OF

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MICHIGAN WHO WILL FOCUS ON

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OPTIMIZING PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL

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MISUSE AND VIOLENCE AMONG

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ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING ADULTS

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AND DR. MAI-LY STEERS FROM DUKE

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UNIVERSITY WHO WILL COVER SOCIAL

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MEDIA USE FRIEND OR FOE? HOW IT

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HAS BEEN PROBLEMATIC YET HOLDS

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PROMISE FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE

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DRINKING. UNDERAGE DRINKING AND

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ALCOHOL MISUSE ARE AMONG

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EMERGING ADULTS REMAIN SERIOUS

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PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS. 

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ACCORDING TO THE 2021 NSDA

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SURVEY, 15% OF PEOPLE AGE 12 TO

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20 AND 50% OF PEOPLE AGE 18 TO

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25 DRINK ALCOHOL IN THE PAST

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MONTH. THESE DATA HIGHLIGHT THE

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URGENT NEED FOR INNOVATIVE EARLY

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BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION

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APPROACHES TO PREVENT THIS

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ESCALATION AND ALCOHOL MISUSE

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AMONG OUR NATION'S YOUNG PEOPLE 

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PLEASE NOTE THAT NIAAA IS

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INVESTING IN BEHAVIORAL

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INTERVENTION FOCUSED RESEARCH

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THAT ADDRESSES THE NOVEL USE OF

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TECHNOLOGY AS ONE POTENTIAL

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SOLUTION TO HELP IMPROVE HEALTH

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OF YOUNG PEOPLE BY PREVENTING

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ALCOHOL USE DISORDER WE WILL

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LEARN ABOUT IN TODAY'S

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PRESENTATION. OVERALL TODAY'S

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WEBINAR WILL PROVIDE AN

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IMPORTANT UPDATE ON THE WAYS

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NIAAA CONTINUES TO SUPPORT

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RESEARCH THAT IMPROVES OUR

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UNDERSTANDING AND DELIVERY OF

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PREVENTION APPROACHES TO REDUCE

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ALCOHOL MISUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF

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TODAY'S DIGITAL LANDSCAPE. IN

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ORDER TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF

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THE NEXT GENERATION. I'M EXCITED

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TO LEARN FROM OUR ESTEEMED

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PRESENTERS TODAY AND LISTEN IN

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ON WHAT I'M SURE WILL BE A

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ROBUST DISCUSSION AFTERWARDS.  

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FINALLY BEFORE I TURN IT TO OUR

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SPEAKERS, A FEW HOUSEKEEPING

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NOTES. THE MEETING IS BEING

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RECORDED. THEY WILL BE AVAILABLE

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ON THE NIH VIDEOCAST PAGE, ALSO

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AS I MENTIONED THERE WILL BE

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TIME ALLOTTED FOR QUESTION AND

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ANSWER AFTER THE FORMAL

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PRESENTATIONS. PLEASE SUBMIT

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YOUR QUESTIONS VIA THE SUBMIT

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LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON LOCATED

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UNDER THE VIDEO WINDOW ON THE

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VIDEOCAST PAGE. I WILL BE

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GUIDING THE QUESTION-AND-ANSWER

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PERIOD AT THE END. THANKS SO

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MUCH FOR JOINING US AND THANK

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YOU, VERY MUCH BOTH SPEAKERS FOR

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PARTICIPATING IN HELPING US WITH

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THIS REALLY IMPORTANT PROBLEM. 

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SOFT I BELIEVE WE ARE GOING TO

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START OFF WITH MAUREEN.

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>> ARE YOU ALL SET UP?

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>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DR.
KOOB

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FOR THAT KIND INTRODUCTION. I

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WILL SHARE MY SCREEN. THERE WE

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ARE. THANK YOU SO MUCH. SO

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EXCITED TO BE HERE TODAY TO TALK

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ABOUT SOME RESEARCH THAT FOCUSES

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ON OPTIMIZING PREVENTION OF

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ALCOHOL MISUSE AND/OR VIOLENCE

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AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING

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ADULTS.  I HAVE NO CONFLICT OF

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INTEREST TO DISCLOSE, I WANT TO

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ACKNOWLEDGE THE GENEROUS SUPPORT

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OF NIAAA AS WELL AS SUPPORT FROM

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OTHER AGENCIES LISTED HERE. AND

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ACKNOWLEDGE MY WONDERFUL TEAM OF

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COLLABORATORS, THIS IS TRULY A

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MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM EFFORT

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THAT I WILL BE PRESENTING ON

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TODAY.  DURING MY TALK I WILL

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START BY FOCUSING ON THE

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RATIONALE FOR EARLY

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INTERVENTIONS PREVENT ESCALATION

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IN ALCOHOL MISUSE AMONG YOUTH

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AND THE EXCITING OPPORTUNITY

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THAT TECHNOLOGY PROVIDES AS

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POTENTIAL SOLUTION TO REACH

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YOUNG PEOPLE DURING THEIR DAILY

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LIVES. THEN I WILL TRANSITION TO

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TALK ABOUT A FEW EXAMPLES,

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PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON TEENS

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WHICH IS AN EFFICACIOUS BASED

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INTERVENTION THEN SHARE HOW WE

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HAVE ADAPTED IT FOR CLINICAL

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CARE INTEGRATION AND SOME WORK

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FROM NIAAA TO OPTIMIZE THIS

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APPROACH WITH ADDITION OF

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DIGITAL BOOSTERS.  FINALLY I

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WILL CONCLUDE WITH NEXT STEPS

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FOR TECHNOLOGY SUPPORTED

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INTERVENTIONS. EARLY

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IDENTIFICATION OF YOUTH AT RISK

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FOR DEVELOPING ALCOHOL MISUSE IS

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CRITICAL. SUBSTANCE USE

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INCLUDING ALCOHOLs IS A RATES

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DURING THE PERIOD FROM

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ADOLESCENTS TO EMERGING ADULT

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HOOD WHEN SUBSTANCE USE PEAKS

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AMONG AGE 18-25 SHOWN IN THE

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SOLID BARS. BINGE DRINKING IS

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MOST COMMON, AS YOU CAN SEE HERE

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AMONG THESE YOUTH AND BINGE

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DRINKING IS E DEFINED FIVE OR

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MORE DRINKS FOR MALES OR FOUR OR

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MORE DRINKS FOR FEMALES WITH

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NUMBER OF DRINKS LOWER FOR

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YOUNGER ADOLESCENTS. PREVENTION

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OF ALCOHOL POLICE USE CAN BE

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CONCEPTUALIZED ACROSS THE

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CONTINUUM OF REUSE WITH

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UNIVERSAL PREVENTION APPROACHES

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FOR THOSE LOW OR NO RISK

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REACHING A LARGER PROPORTION OF

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THE POPULATION IF DESIGNED FOR

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SCALEN 'T. SELECTIVE PREVENTION

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FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS ARE PEOPLE

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WITH SOME RISK SCREENING

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INDICATING THAT THEY MIGHT

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BENEFIT FROM A LITTLE BIT MORE

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INTERVENTION WHEREAS INDICATED

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PREVENTIONS ARE PEOPLE WITH

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ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REQUIRE

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GREATER TREATMENT DOSE

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REFLECTING THESE GREATER NEEDS.

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HOWEVER THEY ARE DELIVERED FOR

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FEWER NUMBER OF PEOPLE. A USEFUL

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FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF

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PREVENTION FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS

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INCLUDING USING TECHNOLOGY IS

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THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL MODEL WHICH

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INTERVENTION MAY CONSIDER

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PROTECTIVE INFLUENCES ACROSS THE

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INDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIP

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COMMUNITY AND SOCIETAL SPHERES

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OF INFLUENCE. THE INTERVENTION I

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WILL BE PRESENTING TODAY FOCUS

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ON THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL. WITH

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CELL CONTENT FOCUSED ON THE

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RELATIONSHIP LEVEL TO ADDRESS

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PEER INFLUENCES AS WELL AS FOR

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PROVIDING SOME COMMUNITY

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RESOURCES TO ADDRESS OTHER

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NEEDS.  CLEARLY INTERVENTION

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EFFORTS ARE NEEDED ACROSS THESE

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OTHER LEVELS AS PARTS OF

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COMMUNITY PREVENTION APPROACHES 

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SO HOW DOES ONE CHOOSE THE BEST

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DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR

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A SETTING IN A POPULATIO POPULA?

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PARTNERING WITH LIVED EXPERIENCE

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AND PROFESSIONALS IN SETTINGS

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YOU WORK WITH IS CRITICAL TO

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ENHANCE RELEVANCE REACH, TO

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MAXIMIZE STUDYING INTEGRATION AS

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WELL AS CONSIDER MAINTENANCE OF

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THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE ARE USING

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IN TERMS OF SHELF LIFE AND COST

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AND FINALLY, CONTENT AND

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TAILORING IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT

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CONSIDERATION. WHEN WORKING

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YOUNGER YOUTH OR POSE WITH FEWER

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RESOURCES WE ARE THINKING USE OF

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TEXT MESSAGING MAYBE BENEFICIAL

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GIVEN POTENTIAL GREATER REACH

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AND LOWER COST. IN CONTRAST

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SMART PHONE APPS ALLOW FOR VERY

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SOPHISTICATED CONTENT TO BE

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DELIVERED MORE SOPHISTICATED

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THAN TEXT MESSAGING TYPICALLY.

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HOWEVER, ENGAGEMENT IN SMART

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PHONE APPS IS A REAL CHALLENGE

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IN THE FIELD THAT WE ARE

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WRESTLING WITH. NEXT DELIVERING

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INTERVENTION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA

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IS REALLY EXCITING GIVEN YOUTH

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ENGAGEMENT IN THESE PLATFORMS

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MULTIPLE TIMES A DAY. HOWEVER

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MORE WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE IN

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THIS AREA, THERE'S LIMITATIONS

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BASED ON PRIVACY AND TYPE OF

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INTERACTION BASED ON PLATFORM.

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NEXT, TELEHEALTH WHICH IS A

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EXPANDED TREMENDOUSLY POST COVID

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OR DURING COVID MAY REDUCE

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ACCESS BARRIERS BUT STILL

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REQUIRES A CLINICIAN TIME TO

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DELIVER WHEREAS INTERACTIVE WEB

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SITES SOLVE THE BARRIER STAFF

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TIME BUT MAY NOT ALLOW FOR THE

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SAME DEGREE OF TAILORING OR

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REPORT TO DEVELOP THAT YOU MIGHT

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WITH AND IN PERSON INTERACTION. 

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SO THE WORK I WILL PRESENT TODAY

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IS SHOWING PROMISE OF SINGLE

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SESSION IN PERSON BRIEF

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INTERVENTIONS FOR ALCOHOL USE

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WHICH AS PART OF A HEALTHCARE

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VISIT RESEARCH SHOWS REDUCE

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ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND/OR

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CONSEQUENCES SO SCREENING BRIEF

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INTERVENTION AND REFERRAL TO

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TREATMENT ARE REMITTED BY NIAA

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AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

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AND SAMHSA. AN ADVANTAGE OF

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SINGLE SESSION INTERVENTIONS

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INCLUDE POTENTIAL SCALABILITY

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AND LOWER COST RELATIVE TO

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MULTI-SESSION APPROACHES.

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HOWEVER, AS EXPECTED WITH A

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SINGLE SESSION INTERVENTION, THE

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EFFECT SIZE OR IMPACT ON YOUTH

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IS MODEST AND IMPLEMENTATION

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BARRIERS INCLUDE LIMITED STAFF

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TIME AS WELL AS CHALLENGES TO

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MAINTAIN FIDELITY OR QUALITY OF

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INTERVENTION IN BUSY CLINICAL

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SETTINGS.  SO COMPUTERIZED

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DELIVERIES OF BRIEF INTERVENTION

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COULD POTENTIALLY ADDRESS THESE

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BARRIERS AND RESEARCH SHOWS THEY

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GENERALLY SHOW PROMISE. HOWEVER,

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THE EFFICACY OF COMPUTERIZED

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INTERVENTIONS ARE TENDS TO BE

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SMALLER THAN IN PERSON

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INTERVENTIONS AND MAY NOT QUITE

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LAST AS LONG. WHEN THINKING

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ABOUT THESE INTERVENTIONS WHERE

256
00:09:29,300 --> 00:09:31,836
TO START. SO AS AN INITIAL

257
00:09:31,836 --> 00:09:34,071
EXAMPLE OUR TEAM DEVELOPED A

258
00:09:34,071 --> 00:09:35,272
COMPUTERIZED BRIEF INTERVENTION

259
00:09:35,272 --> 00:09:37,141
DELIVERED BY AN INTERACTIVE

260
00:09:37,141 --> 00:09:39,176
COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT HARNESSED

261
00:09:39,176 --> 00:09:41,212
PEER INFLUENCES VIA CHAT ROOMS

262
00:09:41,212 --> 00:09:42,613
AND VIDEOS.  THIS SESSION

263
00:09:42,613 --> 00:09:44,381
REDUCED ALCOHOL USE AND ALCOHOL

264
00:09:44,381 --> 00:09:45,816
CONSEQUENCES WITH THE FACTS ON

265
00:09:45,816 --> 00:09:47,952
CONSEQUENCES LASTING UP UNTIL 12

266
00:09:47,952 --> 00:09:50,287
MONTHS. AND AS EXPECTED THE

267
00:09:50,287 --> 00:09:52,456
EFFECT SIZES WERE MODEST THOUGH

268
00:09:52,456 --> 00:09:54,792
PURELY CONSISTENT WITH A VERY

269
00:09:54,792 --> 00:09:57,995
BRIEF INTERVENT INTERVENTION. TE

270
00:09:57,995 --> 00:09:59,063
INTERVENTION SHOWED REDUCING

271
00:09:59,063 --> 00:10:01,165
DRIVING UNDER INFLUENCE,

272
00:10:01,165 --> 00:10:03,300
DEPRESSION AND DATING VIOLENCE.

273
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:06,470
OUR TEAM WITH NIDA FUNDING HAD

274
00:10:06,470 --> 00:10:08,672
COMPUTER SESSIONS FOCUSING ON

275
00:10:08,672 --> 00:10:10,541
CANNABIS USE IS PROMISING IN

276
00:10:10,541 --> 00:10:13,043
ADOLESCENTS UNDERSCORING PROMS.

277
00:10:13,043 --> 00:10:14,712
FOR COMPUTERIZED APPROACHES.  

278
00:10:14,712 --> 00:10:16,147
WHEN THINKING ABOUT THE NEXT

279
00:10:16,147 --> 00:10:18,849
STEPS FOR CURE INTEGRATION AND

280
00:10:18,849 --> 00:10:21,619
HOW WE CAN ENHANCE EFFECT SIZE

281
00:10:21,619 --> 00:10:23,154
WE THOUGHT ABOUT USING DIGITAL

282
00:10:23,154 --> 00:10:25,923
BOOSTERS.  AS A FIRST TEN WE

283
00:10:25,923 --> 00:10:28,325
PARTNERED WITH CDC INJURY

284
00:10:28,325 --> 00:10:30,194
PREVENTION CENTER AND NATIONAL

285
00:10:30,194 --> 00:10:31,929
SAFETY COUNCIL TO CONDUCT FOCUS

286
00:10:31,929 --> 00:10:33,063
GROUPS WITH FEEDBACK FROM

287
00:10:33,063 --> 00:10:34,732
COMMUNITY MEMBERS INCLUDING

288
00:10:34,732 --> 00:10:36,600
PARENTS AND CLINICIANS.  AS WELL

289
00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:38,602
AS OTHER CAREGIVERS.  THEY

290
00:10:38,602 --> 00:10:40,504
RECOMMENDED ADAPTING COMPUTER

291
00:10:40,504 --> 00:10:43,774
PROGRAM FOR A WEB-BASED

292
00:10:43,774 --> 00:10:44,909
DELIVERY, THIS SOLVES BARRIERS

293
00:10:44,909 --> 00:10:46,343
IN CLINIC SO THE INTERVENTION

294
00:10:46,343 --> 00:10:47,811
CAN BE DELIVERED AT HOME LATER

295
00:10:47,811 --> 00:10:50,481
OR DURING THE VISIT AND ALSO

296
00:10:50,481 --> 00:10:51,949
ALLOWED CLINICIANS TO TALK WITH

297
00:10:51,949 --> 00:10:52,616
PATIENTS ABOUT ALCOHOL AS THEY

298
00:10:52,616 --> 00:10:57,054
LIKE.  THEY ALSO SUGGEST EXTEND

299
00:10:57,054 --> 00:11:01,559
DOSE BY ADDING TEXT MESSAGING

300
00:11:01,559 --> 00:11:08,799
BOOSTERS. I'M GOING TO JUST MOVE

301
00:11:08,799 --> 00:11:10,768
THIS SO THAT YOU CAN FULLY SEE

302
00:11:10,768 --> 00:11:16,907
THE SCREEN. THANK YOU SO MUCH.

303
00:11:16,907 --> 00:11:21,645
SO -- JUST ONE SECOND. TECHNICAL

304
00:11:21,645 --> 00:11:32,223
DIFFICULTIES.  SORRY ABOUT THIS 

305
00:11:53,544 --> 00:11:54,845
THANK YOU FOUR THAT. APPRECIATE

306
00:11:54,845 --> 00:11:56,080
YOUR PATIENCE WITH MY INABILITY

307
00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,816
TO WORK TECHNOLOGY. SO I WAS

308
00:11:58,816 --> 00:12:00,918
TALKING ABOUT WHAT DO WE DO NEXT

309
00:12:00,918 --> 00:12:02,253
INTEGRATING PROGRAM INTO

310
00:12:02,253 --> 00:12:03,754
CLINICAL CARE? WHEN WE PARTNERED

311
00:12:03,754 --> 00:12:05,189
WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS, IN

312
00:12:05,189 --> 00:12:06,523
ADDITION TO CREATING THE THE

313
00:12:06,523 --> 00:12:07,825
PROGRAM TO BE DELIVERED BY THE

314
00:12:07,825 --> 00:12:09,760
WEB AND ADDING TEXT MESSAGES

315
00:12:09,760 --> 00:12:11,862
THEY SUGGESTED ADDING PARENT

316
00:12:11,862 --> 00:12:16,133
CONTENT IN SOME WAY. SO WE

317
00:12:16,133 --> 00:12:17,568
OBTAINED INTERNAL FUNDS TO

318
00:12:17,568 --> 00:12:19,236
REENVISION COMPUTER PROGRAM WITH

319
00:12:19,236 --> 00:12:21,338
ADVISORS TO UPDATE CONTENT FOR

320
00:12:21,338 --> 00:12:22,873
EMERGING TO MAKE IT MORE

321
00:12:22,873 --> 00:12:25,409
ACCESSIBLE INCLUDING ADDING

322
00:12:25,409 --> 00:12:27,378
OLDER PEER VIDEOS WHICH ARE LIKE

323
00:12:27,378 --> 00:12:29,780
TIKTOK AS WELL AS CHAT ROOMS.

324
00:12:29,780 --> 00:12:32,116
WITH CONTENT THAT WE COULD

325
00:12:32,116 --> 00:12:33,550
HARNESS PEER INFLUENCES. WE

326
00:12:33,550 --> 00:12:35,753
CREATE AD LIBRARY OF TWICE DAILY

327
00:12:35,753 --> 00:12:37,221
TEXT MESSAGES DELIVEROR

328
00:12:37,221 --> 00:12:38,088
DELIVERED OVER EIGHT WEEKS WITH

329
00:12:38,088 --> 00:12:40,958
YOUTH ADVISORS AND WE THOUGHT

330
00:12:40,958 --> 00:12:44,795
ABOUT ADDING ON CAREGIVERS

331
00:12:44,795 --> 00:12:46,163
REFERRAL TO THE ACTED TALK THEY

332
00:12:46,163 --> 00:12:47,364
HEAR YOU WHICH ADDRESSES

333
00:12:47,364 --> 00:12:48,098
PARENTAL COMMUNICATION AND

334
00:12:48,098 --> 00:12:51,402
MONITORING. SO IN 2023 WE

335
00:12:51,402 --> 00:12:53,504
RECEIVED A CONTRACT FROM PCORI

336
00:12:53,504 --> 00:12:54,738
TO CONDUCT A COMPARATIVE

337
00:12:54,738 --> 00:12:55,973
EFFICACY STUDY THROUGH THE

338
00:12:55,973 --> 00:12:58,275
COMPUTER PROGRAM ALONE, OR

339
00:12:58,275 --> 00:12:59,076
PEWTER PROGRAM WITH TEXT

340
00:12:59,076 --> 00:13:01,779
MESSAGING.  THEY BOTH CONDITIONS

341
00:13:01,779 --> 00:13:03,314
RECEIVED THE REFERRAL TO THE

342
00:13:03,314 --> 00:13:05,382
APP. WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THIS

343
00:13:05,382 --> 00:13:07,918
AS A SCALABLE IMPLEMENTAL WAY TO

344
00:13:07,918 --> 00:13:10,587
ADDRESS ALCOHOL USE IN PEDIATRIC

345
00:13:10,587 --> 00:13:12,356
PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS. GIVEN

346
00:13:12,356 --> 00:13:14,458
RECENT FUNDING JUST IN THE PAST

347
00:13:14,458 --> 00:13:15,459
YEAR OBVIOUSLY I DON'T HAVE

348
00:13:15,459 --> 00:13:17,461
RESULTS TO SHARE, SO I'M GOING

349
00:13:17,461 --> 00:13:19,096
TO SWITCH GEARS AND TALK ABOUT A

350
00:13:19,096 --> 00:13:26,770
PARALLEL LINE OF WORK. SO THE

351
00:13:26,770 --> 00:13:28,672
REMAINDER OF TALK WILL FOCUS ON

352
00:13:28,672 --> 00:13:30,341
ALCOHOL USE AND VIOLENCE. BY

353
00:13:30,341 --> 00:13:31,909
VIOLENCE, PHYSICAL AGGRESSION.

354
00:13:31,909 --> 00:13:34,778
WHY FOCUS ON THESE TWO RISK

355
00:13:34,778 --> 00:13:36,480
FACTORS? WELL ALCOHOL USE IS

356
00:13:36,480 --> 00:13:39,416
ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENCE DUE TO

357
00:13:39,416 --> 00:13:41,719
INCREASED LIKELIHOOD DURING

358
00:13:41,719 --> 00:13:43,187
ACUTE INTOXICATION INCIDENTS AS

359
00:13:43,187 --> 00:13:44,655
WELL AS FOR THE CLUSTERING OF

360
00:13:44,655 --> 00:13:46,724
RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS

361
00:13:46,724 --> 00:13:48,225
ACROSS THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL

362
00:13:48,225 --> 00:13:51,195
SPECTRUM AS I MENTIONED EARLIER.

363
00:13:51,195 --> 00:13:53,664
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS ARE

364
00:13:53,664 --> 00:13:54,598
ADVANTAGEOUS TO DELIVER

365
00:13:54,598 --> 00:13:56,734
INTERVENTIONS TO ALTER

366
00:13:56,734 --> 00:13:57,735
TRAJECTORIES UNDERSTANDING

367
00:13:57,735 --> 00:13:59,403
APPROACHES NEED TO BE A LARGER

368
00:13:59,403 --> 00:14:01,105
PATCH WORK OF COMMUNITY

369
00:14:01,105 --> 00:14:03,607
PREVENTION EFFORTS.  SO OUR TEAM

370
00:14:03,607 --> 00:14:05,242
DEVELOPED A SINGLE SESSION AND

371
00:14:05,242 --> 00:14:07,010
IN PERSON INTERVENTION WITH

372
00:14:07,010 --> 00:14:08,312
THERAPIST THAT WAS CALLED SAFE

373
00:14:08,312 --> 00:14:12,483
FOR TEENS. THIS WAS DELIVERED

374
00:14:12,483 --> 00:14:13,417
DURING EMERGENCY CARE VISIT AND

375
00:14:13,417 --> 00:14:16,053
IN THIS STUDY WE -- THE FINDINGS

376
00:14:16,053 --> 00:14:18,055
SHOWED IT REDUCED SEVERE

377
00:14:18,055 --> 00:14:19,123
AGGRESSION IN ALCOHOL

378
00:14:19,123 --> 00:14:20,424
CONSEQUENCES IN YEAR FOLLOWING

379
00:14:20,424 --> 00:14:23,494
ED VISIT AT RELATIVELY MODEST

380
00:14:23,494 --> 00:14:24,828
COST SO IT'S SCALABLE IN

381
00:14:24,828 --> 00:14:27,498
COMMUNITY SETTINGS. THE EFFECT

382
00:14:27,498 --> 00:14:28,766
SIZES WERE MODEST. SO WE

383
00:14:28,766 --> 00:14:31,702
WONDERED IF THERE WERE WAYS TO

384
00:14:31,702 --> 00:14:35,806
INCREASE THE EFFICACY. SO

385
00:14:35,806 --> 00:14:37,408
SUBSEQUENTLY WORK IS FOCUSED IN

386
00:14:37,408 --> 00:14:39,576
TWO AREAS.  ONE ADAPTING THE

387
00:14:39,576 --> 00:14:40,944
INTERVENTION FOR TRANSLATION AT

388
00:14:40,944 --> 00:14:42,646
CLINICAL CARE AND THE SECOND IS

389
00:14:42,646 --> 00:14:44,948
WITH FUNDING FROM NIAAA HOW TO

390
00:14:44,948 --> 00:14:45,883
ENHANCE DOSE WITH DIGITAL

391
00:14:45,883 --> 00:14:51,388
BOOSTERS. SO INITIALLY WE

392
00:14:51,388 --> 00:14:52,589
THOUGHT ABOUT TRANSLATION IN

393
00:14:52,589 --> 00:14:55,893
CLINICAL SETTINGS AND WE WERE

394
00:14:55,893 --> 00:14:58,228
FINDING SAFER TEENS NOT

395
00:14:58,228 --> 00:14:58,762
REQUIRING RISK SCREEN. IN

396
00:14:58,762 --> 00:15:01,331
ADDITION THIS INTERVENTION WAS

397
00:15:01,331 --> 00:15:02,666
GIVEN TO YOUTH IN AN

398
00:15:02,666 --> 00:15:03,567
INTERVENTION NEIGHBORHOOD IN A

399
00:15:03,567 --> 00:15:05,002
COMMUNITY WE WERE WORKING IN AND

400
00:15:05,002 --> 00:15:05,669
WE COMPARED WITH YOUTH

401
00:15:05,669 --> 00:15:06,904
PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY

402
00:15:06,904 --> 00:15:08,205
DEPARTMENT FROM A COMPARISON

403
00:15:08,205 --> 00:15:10,874
AREA. AT THE SAME TIME WE

404
00:15:10,874 --> 00:15:12,876
LAYERED ON FIVE OTHER

405
00:15:12,876 --> 00:15:13,644
INTERVENTIONS THAT WERE PART OF

406
00:15:13,644 --> 00:15:15,646
A LARGER COMMUNITY PREVENTION

407
00:15:15,646 --> 00:15:17,381
EFFORT, THOSE INCLUDED EFFORTS

408
00:15:17,381 --> 00:15:19,183
FOCUSING ON MENTORING, AS WELL

409
00:15:19,183 --> 00:15:21,018
AS LIKE COMMUNITY LEVEL CLEAN

410
00:15:21,018 --> 00:15:22,920
AND GREEN PROGRAMS. WHAT WE

411
00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:24,822
FOUND IN THESE TWO STUDIES IS

412
00:15:24,822 --> 00:15:26,690
THAT ADAPTING SAFER TEENS FOR

413
00:15:26,690 --> 00:15:27,925
UNIVERSAL PREVENTION WE STILL

414
00:15:27,925 --> 00:15:30,427
SAW EFFECTS ON YOUTH VIOLENCE

415
00:15:30,427 --> 00:15:33,297
PREVENTION. AND THAT COMMUNITY

416
00:15:33,297 --> 00:15:35,499
WIDE WE SAW REDUCTIONS IN ALL

417
00:15:35,499 --> 00:15:38,168
THE INTERVENTION SUITE OF

418
00:15:38,168 --> 00:15:40,471
PROGRAMS ON REDUCING ASSAULT

419
00:15:40,471 --> 00:15:42,739
INJURIES. WE WERE NOT POWERED

420
00:15:42,739 --> 00:15:44,041
FOR EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE

421
00:15:44,041 --> 00:15:45,275
BECAUSE IT WAS UNIVERSAL

422
00:15:45,275 --> 00:15:47,110
PREVENTION IN ABOUT 20% KIDS

423
00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:49,713
REPORTED DRINKING. SO WE WERE

424
00:15:49,713 --> 00:15:50,948
EXCITED ABOUT THESE FINDINGS AND

425
00:15:50,948 --> 00:15:52,149
I PRESENT THEM TODAY AND PLEASE

426
00:15:52,149 --> 00:15:53,784
LOOK AT THE PAPERS FOR MORE

427
00:15:53,784 --> 00:15:55,252
INFORMATION TO JUST SHOW HOW

428
00:15:55,252 --> 00:15:56,353
THESE EFFORTS CAN BE COMBINED

429
00:15:56,353 --> 00:16:00,224
WITH OTHER COMMUNITY EFFORTS FOR

430
00:16:00,224 --> 00:16:03,393
PREVENTION.

431
00:16:03,393 --> 00:16:04,528
NEXT REALLY IMPORTANT AND

432
00:16:04,528 --> 00:16:07,397
CONSISTENT WITH THE REPLICATING

433
00:16:07,397 --> 00:16:13,437
EFFECT OF PROGRAMS FRAMEWORK. WE

434
00:16:13,437 --> 00:16:15,539
CREATED SAFERTEENS.ORG AND THERE

435
00:16:15,539 --> 00:16:17,508
IS AN EMAIL AT BOTTOM FOR MORE

436
00:16:17,508 --> 00:16:18,942
INFORMATION OR YOU CAN CONTACT

437
00:16:18,942 --> 00:16:20,744
ME. BASICALLY THIS WEBSITE

438
00:16:20,744 --> 00:16:22,379
INCLUDES SCREENING QUESTIONS, IT

439
00:16:22,379 --> 00:16:24,047
INCLUDES TEXT MESSAGING BOOSTERS

440
00:16:24,047 --> 00:16:25,482
WHICH WE ADDED, THE REASON FOR

441
00:16:25,482 --> 00:16:27,317
ADDING THESE IS OFTEN WHEN YOU

442
00:16:27,317 --> 00:16:28,418
TRANSLATE EVIDENCE BASED

443
00:16:28,418 --> 00:16:29,887
INTERVENTIONS INTO CLINICAL CARE

444
00:16:29,887 --> 00:16:31,455
THE EFFECT SIZES ARE SLIGHTLY

445
00:16:31,455 --> 00:16:32,923
DIMINISHED SO WE WANTED TO

446
00:16:32,923 --> 00:16:35,559
EXTEND THE EFFEC EFFECT. SO WITH

447
00:16:35,559 --> 00:16:36,693
PARTNERING WITH OUR YOUTH THEY

448
00:16:36,693 --> 00:16:38,662
RECEIVED TEXT MESSAGES OVER

449
00:16:38,662 --> 00:16:40,564
EIGHT WEEKS FOCUSING ON UPSTREAM

450
00:16:40,564 --> 00:16:42,633
FACTORS AS YOU CAN SEE HERE. IN

451
00:16:42,633 --> 00:16:44,468
ADDITION OUR WEBSITES ADDRESS

452
00:16:44,468 --> 00:16:47,905
ISSUE OF QUALITY OR FIDELITY OF

453
00:16:47,905 --> 00:16:49,106
INTERACTION WITH THERAPIST

454
00:16:49,106 --> 00:16:49,907
BECAUSE THEY HAVE CLINICAL

455
00:16:49,907 --> 00:16:51,008
DECISION SUPPORT SCREENS THAT

456
00:16:51,008 --> 00:16:51,775
GUIDE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF

457
00:16:51,775 --> 00:16:53,343
THE INTERVENTION TO MAKE SURE

458
00:16:53,343 --> 00:16:54,478
THAT EVERYTHING IS DELIVERED AS

459
00:16:54,478 --> 00:17:01,585
INTENDED.  SO THEN WE WITH CDC

460
00:17:01,585 --> 00:17:03,153
FUNDING TESTED IMPLEMENTATION

461
00:17:03,153 --> 00:17:05,389
AND TWO PILOT STUDIES IN PRIMARY

462
00:17:05,389 --> 00:17:06,089
CARE IN THE EMERGENCY

463
00:17:06,089 --> 00:17:11,361
DEPARTMENT. WE WANTED TO SEE HOW

464
00:17:11,361 --> 00:17:13,931
THIS WENT WITH ON SITE DELIVERY.

465
00:17:13,931 --> 00:17:15,699
ONE BARRIER IN TERMS OF

466
00:17:15,699 --> 00:17:16,934
FEASIBILITY WAS CLINICAL STAFF

467
00:17:16,934 --> 00:17:18,368
BEING HAVING THE BAND WIDTH AND

468
00:17:18,368 --> 00:17:19,903
TIME TO DELIVER INTERVENTIONS.

469
00:17:19,903 --> 00:17:21,672
SO IN BOTH STUDIES WE QUICKLY

470
00:17:21,672 --> 00:17:23,874
PIVOTED TO REVOKE DELIVERY THIS

471
00:17:23,874 --> 00:17:26,977
OCCURRED PRE-COVID AND WHAT WE

472
00:17:26,977 --> 00:17:29,079
FOUND IS LOOK AT TOP QUOTE THE

473
00:17:29,079 --> 00:17:30,747
PROGRAM DELIVERED REMOTELY WAS

474
00:17:30,747 --> 00:17:32,549
WELL RECEIVED THEY LIKED

475
00:17:32,549 --> 00:17:33,650
VIRTUALLY MEETING WITH COUNSELOR

476
00:17:33,650 --> 00:17:35,819
AND THEY THOUGHT MENTAL HEALTH

477
00:17:35,819 --> 00:17:36,587
AND SECURITY DIFFERENTLY AFTER

478
00:17:36,587 --> 00:17:40,023
THAT. THE BOTTOM QUOTE SHOWS

479
00:17:40,023 --> 00:17:41,992
FEEDBACK ON TEXT MESSAGE,TH

480
00:17:41,992 --> 00:17:43,327
YOUTH FELT LIKE THE MESSAGES

481
00:17:43,327 --> 00:17:45,362
WERE HELPFUL UPLIFTING AND HELP

482
00:17:45,362 --> 00:17:47,364
UNDERSTAND HOW TO CHANGE MY

483
00:17:47,364 --> 00:17:48,732
POINT OF VIEW ON EVERYTHING. AND

484
00:17:48,732 --> 00:17:50,701
I'M AGE TO DO GO ON WITHOUT ALL

485
00:17:50,701 --> 00:17:55,806
THE DRAMA.  SO NEXT WE FOCUSED

486
00:17:55,806 --> 00:17:58,208
ON OPTIMIZATION OF THESE

487
00:17:58,208 --> 00:18:00,077
APPROACHES USING ADAPTIVE

488
00:18:00,077 --> 00:18:01,111
INTERVENTION TO TEST DIGITAL

489
00:18:01,111 --> 00:18:03,447
BOOSTERS. YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR,

490
00:18:03,447 --> 00:18:04,648
ADAPTIVE INTERVENTION ADJUST

491
00:18:04,648 --> 00:18:07,884
DOSE OF INTERVENTION BASED ON

492
00:18:07,884 --> 00:18:09,419
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE PROVIDING A

493
00:18:09,419 --> 00:18:11,088
PARSIMONIOUS SOLUTION AND

494
00:18:11,088 --> 00:18:12,889
PRACTICAL SOLUTION AT JUSTK TO

495
00:18:12,889 --> 00:18:14,424
GIVE MORE DOSE OR MORE

496
00:18:14,424 --> 00:18:15,525
INTERVENTION TO THOSE WHO NEED

497
00:18:15,525 --> 00:18:20,197
IT.  AND PRESERVING RESOURCES

498
00:18:20,197 --> 00:18:23,634
FOR THOSE WHO DON'T NEED IT. 

499
00:18:23,634 --> 00:18:24,935
WITH ASSISTANCE FROM THE

500
00:18:24,935 --> 00:18:26,470
COMMUNITY AND PILOT FUNDING WE

501
00:18:26,470 --> 00:18:30,040
DEVELOPED TWO TYPES OF DIGITAL

502
00:18:30,040 --> 00:18:31,942
BOOSTERS, ONE WITH HEALTH COACH

503
00:18:31,942 --> 00:18:33,944
CALLS AND OTHER TEXT MESSAGES. 

504
00:18:33,944 --> 00:18:35,278
DURING COACH CALLS AS WITH OUR

505
00:18:35,278 --> 00:18:36,313
BRIEF INTERVENTIONS OUR COACHES

506
00:18:36,313 --> 00:18:39,316
ARE TRAINED IN MOTIVATIONAL

507
00:18:39,316 --> 00:18:40,517
INTERVIEWING AND THEY FOCUS ON

508
00:18:40,517 --> 00:18:42,185
ALCOHOL USE AND VIOLENCE

509
00:18:42,185 --> 00:18:43,520
PARTICULARLY UPSTREAM FACTORS AS

510
00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:46,189
MENTIONED BEFORE THEY FOCUS ON

511
00:18:46,189 --> 00:18:47,424
COPING SOCIAL SUPPORT LEISURE

512
00:18:47,424 --> 00:18:48,759
ACTIVITY AND COMMUNITY

513
00:18:48,759 --> 00:18:50,360
RESOURCES.  FOR TEXT MESSAGING

514
00:18:50,360 --> 00:18:51,461
BOOSTERS WHICH IN THIS STUDY

515
00:18:51,461 --> 00:18:53,563
WERE TAILORED BASED ITERATIVELY

516
00:18:53,563 --> 00:18:55,632
OVER TIME, BASED ON INFORMATION

517
00:18:55,632 --> 00:18:59,403
THAT WAS OBTAINED IN WEEKLY

518
00:18:59,403 --> 00:19:01,038
SURVEYS, AN THOSE TEXT MESSAGES

519
00:19:01,038 --> 00:19:02,606
FOCUS ON UPSTREAM FACTORS SUCH

520
00:19:02,606 --> 00:19:05,242
AS MOOD, REASONS FOR FIGHTING,

521
00:19:05,242 --> 00:19:07,878
REASONS FOR DRINKING AS WELL AS

522
00:19:07,878 --> 00:19:10,647
TOOLS SUCH AS AVOIDING DRINKING

523
00:19:10,647 --> 00:19:11,882
SITUATIONS, HARM REDUCTION

524
00:19:11,882 --> 00:19:15,318
AVOIDING DRINKING AND DRIVING,

525
00:19:15,318 --> 00:19:16,987
COPING, AS WELL AS ANGER

526
00:19:16,987 --> 00:19:18,288
MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION

527
00:19:18,288 --> 00:19:22,926
AND SO FORTH. WE TESTED ADAPTIVE

528
00:19:22,926 --> 00:19:26,229
INTERVENTION BOOSTERS IN A SMART

529
00:19:26,229 --> 00:19:27,330
DESIGN, SEQUENTIAL MULTIPLE

530
00:19:27,330 --> 00:19:30,100
ASSIGNMENT RANDOMIZED TRIAL, ALL

531
00:19:30,100 --> 00:19:31,668
YOUTH TEENS AND RANDOMIZED TO

532
00:19:31,668 --> 00:19:33,837
RECEIVE A HEALTH COMB OR TEXT

533
00:19:33,837 --> 00:19:35,105
MESSAGES OVER FOUR WEEKS. AT

534
00:19:35,105 --> 00:19:38,308
FOUR WEEKS WE ASSESS RESPONSE

535
00:19:38,308 --> 00:19:39,976
AND THOSE WHO DO NOT REPORT

536
00:19:39,976 --> 00:19:41,978
BINGE DRINKING OR AGGRESSION ARE

537
00:19:41,978 --> 00:19:44,047
NOTED AS RESPONDERS.  WE EITHER

538
00:19:44,047 --> 00:19:45,082
CONTINUE WITH THE SAME

539
00:19:45,082 --> 00:19:46,016
INTERVENTION BECAUSE MAYBE THEY

540
00:19:46,016 --> 00:19:47,684
NEED TO CONTINUE THE

541
00:19:47,684 --> 00:19:49,519
INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN GAINS

542
00:19:49,519 --> 00:19:51,488
OR WE RAMP DOWN TO RESOURCE

543
00:19:51,488 --> 00:19:53,790
BROCHURE. IN CONTRAST YOUTH WHO

544
00:19:53,790 --> 00:19:55,125
CONTINUE TO SHOW BING DRINKING

545
00:19:55,125 --> 00:19:57,561
OR AGGRESSION ARE RERANDOMIZED

546
00:19:57,561 --> 00:19:58,895
FOR MORE OF THE SAME

547
00:19:58,895 --> 00:20:00,797
INTERVENTION EXTENDING DOSE OR

548
00:20:00,797 --> 00:20:03,366
DIFFERENT TIME OF INTERVENTION

549
00:20:03,366 --> 00:20:05,235
MEANING RAMPED UP IN TEXT

550
00:20:05,235 --> 00:20:07,104
MESSAGING TO HEALTH COACH AND IF

551
00:20:07,104 --> 00:20:09,439
HEALTH COACH THEY RECEIVE HEALTH

552
00:20:09,439 --> 00:20:10,807
COACH PLUS TEXT MESSAGES IN

553
00:20:10,807 --> 00:20:14,878
BETWEEN THE SESSIONS.  SO OUR

554
00:20:14,878 --> 00:20:16,913
STUDY WAS CONDUCTED OVER COURSE

555
00:20:16,913 --> 00:20:19,416
OF COVID WHICH HAD HUGE IMPACTS

556
00:20:19,416 --> 00:20:22,719
ON RESEARCH CONDUCTED OUT OF THE

557
00:20:22,719 --> 00:20:23,453
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT NONETHELESS

558
00:20:23,453 --> 00:20:25,489
WE WERE PROUD TO ENROLL 400

559
00:20:25,489 --> 00:20:30,160
PEOPLE TO OUR SMART STUDY 14-20.

560
00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:31,928
THEY WERE USING SELECTIVE

561
00:20:31,928 --> 00:20:32,829
PREVENTION APPROACH SCREEN

562
00:20:32,829 --> 00:20:35,132
POSITIVE FOR RECENT BINGE

563
00:20:35,132 --> 00:20:36,900
DRINKING OR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION.

564
00:20:36,900 --> 00:20:39,035
THREE QUARTERS OF THOSE ENROLLED

565
00:20:39,035 --> 00:20:41,037
WERE FEMALE, 45% IDENTIFIED AS

566
00:20:41,037 --> 00:20:45,308
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN RACE.

567
00:20:45,308 --> 00:20:46,643
55% REPORTED SOME RECEIPT OF

568
00:20:46,643 --> 00:20:48,845
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE AND 8%

569
00:20:48,845 --> 00:20:50,947
IDENTIFIED AS HISPANIC OR LATINX

570
00:20:50,947 --> 00:20:53,049
ETHNICITY.  THE GRAPH ON THE

571
00:20:53,049 --> 00:20:55,685
LEFT SHOWS PAST 30 DAYTIME LINE

572
00:20:55,685 --> 00:20:57,020
FOLLOW UP DATA YOU CAN SEE THAT

573
00:20:57,020 --> 00:20:58,789
YOUTH REPORT DRINKING ABOUT

574
00:20:58,789 --> 00:21:00,223
WEEKLY ABOUT FOUR DAYS MANY THE

575
00:21:00,223 --> 00:21:02,025
PAST MONTH BUT THEIR ARCH

576
00:21:02,025 --> 00:21:05,428
CONSUMPTION IS 6.2 PER OCCASION

577
00:21:05,428 --> 00:21:06,897
WHICH EXCEEDS BINGE DRINKING

578
00:21:06,897 --> 00:21:08,365
LIMITS.  MOST YOUTH ALSO REPORT

579
00:21:08,365 --> 00:21:10,534
CANNABIS USE, YOU CAN SEE THERE

580
00:21:10,534 --> 00:21:12,335
ON THE ABOUT 14 DAYS IN THE PAST

581
00:21:12,335 --> 00:21:15,238
MONTH. ONE IN FOUR REPORT USE OF

582
00:21:15,238 --> 00:21:16,973
ANOTHER ILLEGAL DRUG AND ONE IN

583
00:21:16,973 --> 00:21:20,710
SIX REPORT MISUSE OF PSYCHOTIVE

584
00:21:20,710 --> 00:21:21,945
PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION. NOT

585
00:21:21,945 --> 00:21:22,779
SHOWN HERE IS AGGRESSION

586
00:21:22,779 --> 00:21:24,781
REPORTED ONE DAY IN THE PAST

587
00:21:24,781 --> 00:21:26,449
MONTH WITH THREE QUARTERS ALSO

588
00:21:26,449 --> 00:21:28,885
REPORTING VICTIMIZATION AND

589
00:21:28,885 --> 00:21:31,655
ABOUT 40% REPORTING ANY DATING

590
00:21:31,655 --> 00:21:36,226
VIOLENCE.  IMPORTANTLY HALF OF

591
00:21:36,226 --> 00:21:38,061
THE SAMPLES SCREEN POSITIVE FOR

592
00:21:38,061 --> 00:21:39,162
DEPRESSION AND HALF SCREENED

593
00:21:39,162 --> 00:21:42,899
POSITIVE FOR ANXIETY.  THIS IS A

594
00:21:42,899 --> 00:21:44,434
REALLY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION

595
00:21:44,434 --> 00:21:45,635
FOR INTERVENTIONS ADDRESSING

596
00:21:45,635 --> 00:21:46,903
ALCOHOL TO REALLY THINK ABOUT

597
00:21:46,903 --> 00:21:50,974
HOW MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS ARE

598
00:21:50,974 --> 00:21:52,709
QUITE PREVALENT AMONG YOUTH

599
00:21:52,709 --> 00:21:56,479
PEOPLE. THE BOOSTERS IN TERMS OF

600
00:21:56,479 --> 00:21:58,048
FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY

601
00:21:58,048 --> 00:22:01,384
THEY WERE WELL RECEIVED OVER 70%

602
00:22:01,384 --> 00:22:03,253
RATED DIGITAL BOOSTERS HELPFUL

603
00:22:03,253 --> 00:22:04,821
OR VERY HELPFUL, SLIGHTLY

604
00:22:04,821 --> 00:22:07,190
FAVORING THE HEALTH CODE CALLS. 

605
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:08,425
HOWEVER NEARLY ALL PARTICIPANTS

606
00:22:08,425 --> 00:22:09,960
ASSIGNED TO THE EX MESSAGES

607
00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:12,062
RECEIVED THEM, MEANING THEY

608
00:22:12,062 --> 00:22:13,330
DIDN'T TEXT STOP, THOUGH HOW

609
00:22:13,330 --> 00:22:14,497
MUCH THEY ATTEND TO TEXT

610
00:22:14,497 --> 00:22:18,301
MESSAGES IS UNCLEAR. AND ON

611
00:22:18,301 --> 00:22:20,470
AVERAGE, 55% OF HEALTH COACH

612
00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:22,138
CALLS WERE COMPLETED MOSTLY DUE

613
00:22:22,138 --> 00:22:23,940
TO SCHEDULING AND RESCHEDULING

614
00:22:23,940 --> 00:22:26,042
BEING CHALLENGING WITHIN THE

615
00:22:26,042 --> 00:22:27,711
SAME WEEK. IN TERMS OF RESPONSE

616
00:22:27,711 --> 00:22:29,546
IN BOTH CONDITIONS WE FOUND

617
00:22:29,546 --> 00:22:33,950
ABOUT 40% YOUTH WERE INDICATED

618
00:22:33,950 --> 00:22:35,185
THEY WERE RESPONDERS MEANING

619
00:22:35,185 --> 00:22:36,620
THEY WEREN'T ENGAGED IN THESE

620
00:22:36,620 --> 00:22:39,289
BEHAVIORS AT FOUR WEEKS AND 60%

621
00:22:39,289 --> 00:22:42,993
WERE NON-RESPONDERS.  

622
00:22:42,993 --> 00:22:44,561
PRELIMINARY DATA SHOW IN TERMS

623
00:22:44,561 --> 00:22:45,795
OF THE FINDINGS FROM THIS

624
00:22:45,795 --> 00:22:48,531
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY STUDY, ALL

625
00:22:48,531 --> 00:22:49,900
PARTICIPANTS RANDOMIZE TO SAVER

626
00:22:49,900 --> 00:22:52,335
TEENS PLUS TEXT MESSAGES OR

627
00:22:52,335 --> 00:22:54,304
HEALTH COACH REDUCE ALCOHOL

628
00:22:54,304 --> 00:22:56,373
CONSUMPTION, ALCOHOL

629
00:22:56,373 --> 00:22:57,774
CONSEQUENCES, THEIR VIOLENCE

630
00:22:57,774 --> 00:23:00,410
INVOLVEMENT, AS WELL AS VIOLENCE

631
00:23:00,410 --> 00:23:01,778
CONSEQUENCES OVER THE EIGHT

632
00:23:01,778 --> 00:23:05,115
MONTHS OF THE STUDY. OF COURSE

633
00:23:05,115 --> 00:23:06,249
THE MORE INTERESTING ANALYSIS

634
00:23:06,249 --> 00:23:09,252
ONGOING IS COMPARING THE BEST

635
00:23:09,252 --> 00:23:10,754
STRATEGY FOR RESPONDERS AND

636
00:23:10,754 --> 00:23:12,756
NON-RESPONDERS AS WELL AS

637
00:23:12,756 --> 00:23:14,291
MODERATORS AND MEDIATORS OF

638
00:23:14,291 --> 00:23:15,792
RESPONSE MEASURED WEEKLY

639
00:23:15,792 --> 00:23:17,027
INCLUDING THOSE KEY VARIABLES OF

640
00:23:17,027 --> 00:23:19,896
MENTAL HEALTH. AND WE ARE REALLY

641
00:23:19,896 --> 00:23:21,731
EXCITED THESE FINDINGS WILL HELP

642
00:23:21,731 --> 00:23:22,766
US MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

643
00:23:22,766 --> 00:23:24,968
FUTURE ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS

644
00:23:24,968 --> 00:23:26,002
DELIVERY. OF COURSE THE

645
00:23:26,002 --> 00:23:28,204
LIMITATION OF THIS STUDY IS DO

646
00:23:28,204 --> 00:23:32,075
YOU TO COVID, THERE'S LESS POWER

647
00:23:32,075 --> 00:23:34,611
THAN WE WOULD LIKE AND SO SOME

648
00:23:34,611 --> 00:23:35,345
THINGS MAYBE CONSIDERED

649
00:23:35,345 --> 00:23:39,382
EXPLORATORY.  SO IN CONCLUSION

650
00:23:39,382 --> 00:23:40,850
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IS REALLY

651
00:23:40,850 --> 00:23:44,154
EXCITING AND FEASIBLE WAY TO

652
00:23:44,154 --> 00:23:45,088
EXTEND INTERVENTION AND

653
00:23:45,088 --> 00:23:46,523
PREVENTION DOSES TO YOUTH AND

654
00:23:46,523 --> 00:23:50,760
REAL TIME IN THEIR DAILY LIVES.

655
00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:52,228
PARTNERING WITH COMMUNITY

656
00:23:52,228 --> 00:23:53,797
MEMBERS AND INDIVIDUALS WITH

657
00:23:53,797 --> 00:23:55,231
EXPERIENCE IS CRITICAL TO

658
00:23:55,231 --> 00:23:57,334
ENHANCE RELEVANCE AND UPTAKE

659
00:23:57,334 --> 00:23:59,469
ACROSS COMMUNITY SETTINGS. AND

660
00:23:59,469 --> 00:24:02,038
ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS AND THESE

661
00:24:02,038 --> 00:24:04,240
OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ARE REALLY

662
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:05,909
EXCITING DIRECTION FOR FUTURE

663
00:24:05,909 --> 00:24:07,877
RESEARCH TO SAVE RESOURCES FOR

664
00:24:07,877 --> 00:24:09,212
OUR YOUNG PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM

665
00:24:09,212 --> 00:24:13,550
THE MOST. ALCOHOL INTERVENTIONS

666
00:24:13,550 --> 00:24:16,152
THIS DATA UNDERSCORES THE NEED

667
00:24:16,152 --> 00:24:17,087
TO ADDRESS OTHER SUBSTANCE USE

668
00:24:17,087 --> 00:24:18,288
AS WELL AS MENTAL HEALTH

669
00:24:18,288 --> 00:24:23,460
CONCERNS. AND I WANT TO FINALLY

670
00:24:23,460 --> 00:24:24,728
MENTION, EXPANSION OF

671
00:24:24,728 --> 00:24:26,062
REIMBURSEMENT FOR DIGITAL

672
00:24:26,062 --> 00:24:28,164
PREVENTION IS EARLY URGENTLY

673
00:24:28,164 --> 00:24:30,166
NEEDED IN THIS SPACE TO ENHANCE

674
00:24:30,166 --> 00:24:31,067
SUSTAINABILITY IN THESE

675
00:24:31,067 --> 00:24:35,271
COMMUNITY SETTINGS.  AS FOR

676
00:24:35,271 --> 00:24:36,973
FUTURE DIRECTIONS, EXCITING

677
00:24:36,973 --> 00:24:38,341
AREAS WHICH I DID NOT TOUCH ON

678
00:24:38,341 --> 00:24:40,543
TODAY ARE SMART PHONE APPS, AND

679
00:24:40,543 --> 00:24:42,245
SOCIAL MEDIA SO PLEASE SEE THE

680
00:24:42,245 --> 00:24:44,314
ONGOING WORK OF FORMER MENTEES

681
00:24:44,314 --> 00:24:47,317
AN MOW COLLEAGUES DR. CONKLIN

682
00:24:47,317 --> 00:24:48,518
DOING INTERESTING WORK WITH

683
00:24:48,518 --> 00:24:50,720
SMART PHONALS AND DR. BONER

684
00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:52,722
DOING WORK HARNESSING SOCIAL

685
00:24:52,722 --> 00:24:55,291
MEDIA SUCH AS SNAP CHAT FOR HIGH

686
00:24:55,291 --> 00:25:00,997
BENEFITSTY DRINKING. IN A ADDITN

687
00:25:00,997 --> 00:25:02,565
I'M EXCITING TO HERE FROM DR.

688
00:25:02,565 --> 00:25:04,768
SEARS WHO IS DOING CUTTING EDGE

689
00:25:04,768 --> 00:25:06,736
RESEARCH IN SOCIAL MEDIA. THANK

690
00:25:06,736 --> 00:25:09,506
YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE

691
00:25:09,506 --> 00:25:11,841
RESEARCH, SPECIAL THANKS TO NIAA

692
00:25:11,841 --> 00:25:14,044
AND FUNDERS, COLLABORATORS AND

693
00:25:14,044 --> 00:25:15,178
PARTNERS, MEDICAL STAFF,

694
00:25:15,178 --> 00:25:16,613
PATIENTS AN THESE EFFORTS

695
00:25:16,613 --> 00:25:17,680
WOULDN'T BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT

696
00:25:17,680 --> 00:25:19,449
THEIR SUPPORT. NOW I WILL

697
00:25:19,449 --> 00:25:22,318
TRANSFER THE BATON TO DR. STEERS

698
00:25:22,318 --> 00:25:23,920
WHO IS GOING TO DELIVER THE NEXT

699
00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:31,061
PRESENTATION. THANK YOU.

700
00:25:31,061 --> 00:25:32,762
>> THANK YOU DR. WAHL TON.
DR.

701
00:25:32,762 --> 00:25:33,663
SEARS ARE YOU SET TO GO?

702
00:25:33,663 --> 00:25:34,364
>> YES. 

703
00:25:34,364 --> 00:25:38,435
>> ALL YOURS. 

704
00:25:38,435 --> 00:25:42,472
>> PULLING UP MANY SLIDES.

705
00:25:42,472 --> 00:25:44,140
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING

706
00:25:44,140 --> 00:25:49,045
ME. MY NAME IS MAI-LY STEERS,

707
00:25:49,045 --> 00:25:49,979
I'M FROM (INAUDIBLE) UNIVERSITY.

708
00:25:49,979 --> 00:25:52,315
HERE TO PRESENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA

709
00:25:52,315 --> 00:25:54,684
USE FRIEND OR FOE? HOW IT HAS

710
00:25:54,684 --> 00:25:56,319
BEEN PROBLEMATIC YET HOLDS

711
00:25:56,319 --> 00:25:59,823
PROMISE FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE

712
00:25:59,823 --> 00:26:03,993
DRINKING. JUST TO GIVE A LITTLE

713
00:26:03,993 --> 00:26:09,265
BACKGROUND. THE YOUNG PEOPLE

714
00:26:09,265 --> 00:26:10,700
HAVE BEEN CONSISTENTLY FOUND TO

715
00:26:10,700 --> 00:26:13,403
BE POSITIVELY LINKED TO

716
00:26:13,403 --> 00:26:14,604
CONSUMPTION AND PROBLEMS.

717
00:26:14,604 --> 00:26:17,173
HOWEVER, IT IS SORT OF A CHICKEN

718
00:26:17,173 --> 00:26:20,043
AND EGG QUESTION SO IS IT THAT

719
00:26:20,043 --> 00:26:21,911
THE DRINKING IS DRIVING THE

720
00:26:21,911 --> 00:26:23,079
POSTING OR THAT THE POSTING IS

721
00:26:23,079 --> 00:26:25,482
DRIVING THE DRINKING? SOME MORE

722
00:26:25,482 --> 00:26:27,117
RECENT RESEARCH INDICATED IT

723
00:26:27,117 --> 00:26:29,586
MIGHT BE THE FORMER THAT THE

724
00:26:29,586 --> 00:26:31,254
DRINKING IS DRIVING THE POSTING.

725
00:26:31,254 --> 00:26:32,655
HOWEVER MORE RESEARCH NEEDS TO

726
00:26:32,655 --> 00:26:39,963
BE DONE IN THIS AREA.  AND WHY

727
00:26:39,963 --> 00:26:41,431
SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE COLLEGE

728
00:26:41,431 --> 00:26:43,066
DRINKING? WITHIN MORE

729
00:26:43,066 --> 00:26:45,602
TRADITIONAL DRINKING WE FOUND A

730
00:26:45,602 --> 00:26:48,371
ROBUST EFFECT SUCH THAT THE MORE

731
00:26:48,371 --> 00:26:49,606
TRADITIONAL MEDIA LIKE

732
00:26:49,606 --> 00:26:51,774
TELEVISION SHOWS OR MOVIES THAT

733
00:26:51,774 --> 00:26:53,343
COLLEGE STUDENTS CONSUME, MORE

734
00:26:53,343 --> 00:26:57,747
LIKELY THEY ARE TO DRINK. ALSO

735
00:26:57,747 --> 00:27:00,283
IN TERMS OF OFFLINE PEER

736
00:27:00,283 --> 00:27:01,651
INFLUENCES, OFFLINE PEER

737
00:27:01,651 --> 00:27:02,785
DRINKING NORMS HAVE BEEN FOUND

738
00:27:02,785 --> 00:27:05,555
TO ROBUSTLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON

739
00:27:05,555 --> 00:27:06,156
COLLEGE STUDENTS DRINKING AS

740
00:27:06,156 --> 00:27:09,125
WELL.  AND IT KIND OF OPERATES

741
00:27:09,125 --> 00:27:11,728
IN ONE OF TWO WAYS.  FIRST,

742
00:27:11,728 --> 00:27:13,196
STUDENTS MAY EXPERIENCE THE

743
00:27:13,196 --> 00:27:16,399
FALSE CONSUMPTION EFFECTS SO

744
00:27:16,399 --> 00:27:18,168
THEY HEAVY DRINKING STUDENTS

745
00:27:18,168 --> 00:27:19,736
THINK WHO DOESN'T DRINK A LOT IN

746
00:27:19,736 --> 00:27:21,037
COLLEGE SO THEY ARE ABLE TO

747
00:27:21,037 --> 00:27:22,505
MAINTAIN HEAVY DRINKING AS A

748
00:27:22,505 --> 00:27:23,239
CONSEQUENCE BECAUSE THEY THINK

749
00:27:23,239 --> 00:27:25,275
IT IS NORM ACTIVE. ON THE OTHER

750
00:27:25,275 --> 00:27:27,477
HAND -- NORMATIVE. STUDENTS

751
00:27:27,477 --> 00:27:30,480
MIGHT EXPERIENCE PLURALISTIC

752
00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:32,815
IGNORANCE WHEREBY IF THEY AREN'T

753
00:27:32,815 --> 00:27:34,584
HEAVY DRINKERS OR DON'T DRINK A

754
00:27:34,584 --> 00:27:35,919
LOT AT ALL, THEY MIGHT THINK

755
00:27:35,919 --> 00:27:38,354
THEY ARE THE ONLY ONES WHO DON'T

756
00:27:38,354 --> 00:27:40,223
DRINK AND AS A CONSEQUENCE MIGHT

757
00:27:40,223 --> 00:27:42,058
THINK OH, I NEED TO DRINK MORE

758
00:27:42,058 --> 00:27:45,995
IN ORDER TO FIT IN. THE

759
00:27:45,995 --> 00:27:49,199
COMBINATION OF MEDIA INFLUENCES

760
00:27:49,199 --> 00:27:52,936
PLUS THOSE PEER INFLUENCES HAS

761
00:27:52,936 --> 00:27:54,837
CREATED THIS ENVIRONMENT IN

762
00:27:54,837 --> 00:27:56,506
WHICH SOME RESEARCHERS HAVE

763
00:27:56,506 --> 00:27:58,374
DUBBED THE SOCIAL MEDIA SUPER

764
00:27:58,374 --> 00:28:01,644
PEER, THAT IS THAT SOCIAL MEDIA

765
00:28:01,644 --> 00:28:04,147
INFLUENCES MAY EXTEND ABOVE AND

766
00:28:04,147 --> 00:28:05,949
BEYOND JUST NORMAL PEER

767
00:28:05,949 --> 00:28:08,017
INFLUENCES. YOU CAN KIND OF SEE

768
00:28:08,017 --> 00:28:10,353
WHY, SOCIAL MEDIA IS CONSTANTLY

769
00:28:10,353 --> 00:28:12,222
STREAMING. SO STUDENTS ARE

770
00:28:12,222 --> 00:28:14,190
CONSTANTLY INUNDATED BE THIS

771
00:28:14,190 --> 00:28:20,096
KIND OF CONTENT. THIS IS LED TO

772
00:28:20,096 --> 00:28:22,298
SOCIAL MINDIA AND THE DISTORTION

773
00:28:22,298 --> 00:28:23,433
OF PERFORMANCE -- MEDIA AND

774
00:28:23,433 --> 00:28:24,901
DISTORTION OF NORMS. WE HEARD

775
00:28:24,901 --> 00:28:26,236
MANY MORE POP LAY MEDIA SOME

776
00:28:26,236 --> 00:28:28,571
PEOPLE HAVE THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA

777
00:28:28,571 --> 00:28:30,406
BLINDERS ON OR THERE MIGHT BE AN

778
00:28:30,406 --> 00:28:34,877
ECHO CHAMBER EFFECT. AND I THINK

779
00:28:34,877 --> 00:28:37,947
WE ARE MOSTLY ACADEMIC HERE SO

780
00:28:37,947 --> 00:28:40,416
ON MY X NOW FORMALLY KNOWN AS

781
00:28:40,416 --> 00:28:42,585
TWITTER, I FOLLOW A LOT OF

782
00:28:42,585 --> 00:28:44,254
ACADEMICS AS WELL AND SO I MIGHT

783
00:28:44,254 --> 00:28:47,357
SEE CONTENT SUCH AS OUR LAB JUST

784
00:28:47,357 --> 00:28:49,225
RECEIVED WORD THAT FAR FEWER

785
00:28:49,225 --> 00:28:50,660
PUBLICATIONS WERE ACCEPTED BACK

786
00:28:50,660 --> 00:28:53,196
TO X. OR SO HONORED TO BE ASKED

787
00:28:53,196 --> 00:28:55,531
TO BE PART OF THREE INCREDIBLE

788
00:28:55,531 --> 00:28:58,134
SYMPOSIUMS WHICH ARE JUST WAY TO

789
00:28:58,134 --> 00:28:59,736
DIMINISH RACIAL AND ETHNIC

790
00:28:59,736 --> 00:29:01,404
DISPARITIES OR JUST RECEIVED MY

791
00:29:01,404 --> 00:29:04,374
FIRST RO1 SO GRATEFUL OF FOR MY

792
00:29:04,374 --> 00:29:06,109
TEAM OF CO-INVESTIGATORS. SO YOU

793
00:29:06,109 --> 00:29:07,477
CAN IMAGINE HOW SEEING THIS

794
00:29:07,477 --> 00:29:09,379
CONTENT ON DAILY OR WEEKLY BASIS

795
00:29:09,379 --> 00:29:10,613
MIGHT INFLUENCE YOUR NORMS OF

796
00:29:10,613 --> 00:29:13,049
PRODUCTIVITY. SO YOU CAN IMAGINE

797
00:29:13,049 --> 00:29:15,018
FROM A STUDENT PERSPECTIVE IF

798
00:29:15,018 --> 00:29:16,586
THEY A ARE SEEING THIS CONTENT

799
00:29:16,586 --> 00:29:18,321
ON THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA FEED, HOW

800
00:29:18,321 --> 00:29:20,857
IS THAT GOING TO REALLY IMPACT

801
00:29:20,857 --> 00:29:23,059
THEIR DRINKING NORMS? PROBABLY

802
00:29:23,059 --> 00:29:25,828
GOING TO OVERINFLATE THEM. AND

803
00:29:25,828 --> 00:29:30,900
YOU MIGHT BE WONDERING WHY YOU

804
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:32,368
DO STUDENTS EVEN PRESENT OR POST

805
00:29:32,368 --> 00:29:33,936
THIS CONTENT IN THE FIRST PLACE.

806
00:29:33,936 --> 00:29:36,272
WE CONDUCTED SOME IN DEPTH

807
00:29:36,272 --> 00:29:38,174
QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS WITH

808
00:29:38,174 --> 00:29:39,409
STUDENTS WHO WERE HEAVIER

809
00:29:39,409 --> 00:29:40,843
DRINKERS AND ALSO HEAVIER

810
00:29:40,843 --> 00:29:42,412
POSTERS OF ALCOHOL RELATED

811
00:29:42,412 --> 00:29:44,681
CONTENT AND WE WERE ABLE TO

812
00:29:44,681 --> 00:29:47,250
DERIVE FROM THOSE SEMISTRUCTURE

813
00:29:47,250 --> 00:29:49,118
INTERVIEWS A ALCOHOL

814
00:29:49,118 --> 00:29:49,919
SELF-PRESENTATION MODEL. THIS

815
00:29:49,919 --> 00:29:52,221
MODEL IS BASED ON

816
00:29:52,221 --> 00:29:53,222
SELF-PRESENTATION LITERATURE AS

817
00:29:53,222 --> 00:29:54,624
WELL AS SELF-MONITORING

818
00:29:54,624 --> 00:29:57,493
LITERATURE AND WE FOUND TWO MAIN

819
00:29:57,493 --> 00:30:00,797
REASONS FOR POSTING. ONE IS MORE

820
00:30:00,797 --> 00:30:02,865
THE INQUISITIVE ASPECT, STUDENTS

821
00:30:02,865 --> 00:30:05,968
ARE POSTING IN ORDER TO OBTAIN

822
00:30:05,968 --> 00:30:07,203
ATTENTION AND APPROVAL FROM

823
00:30:07,203 --> 00:30:10,707
THEIR PEERS. OR MORE THE

824
00:30:10,707 --> 00:30:12,275
PROTECTIVE ASPECT, THEY ARE

825
00:30:12,275 --> 00:30:13,543
SELF-PRESENTENING MANNER WHICH

826
00:30:13,543 --> 00:30:16,279
AVOIDS DISAPPROVAL FROM OTHERS.

827
00:30:16,279 --> 00:30:17,947
ALONG WITH THE INQUISITIVE

828
00:30:17,947 --> 00:30:24,687
THEMES, SOME OF THE POSTS THAT

829
00:30:24,687 --> 00:30:28,291
EMERGE FROM THIS DOMAIN WERE

830
00:30:28,291 --> 00:30:30,193
STUDENTS POSTED MORE PROVOCATIVE

831
00:30:30,193 --> 00:30:33,363
CONTENT PERHAPS POSTS INVOLVING

832
00:30:33,363 --> 00:30:35,465
ALCOHOL WHICH IS MORE SEXUAL IN

833
00:30:35,465 --> 00:30:37,934
NATURE, IMPULSIVE SO THEY WERE

834
00:30:37,934 --> 00:30:40,703
TALKING ABOUT DRUG SEEKING IN

835
00:30:40,703 --> 00:30:42,138
THEIR CAR AND A LOT OF STUDENTS

836
00:30:42,138 --> 00:30:46,075
THAT COMMENTED THAT THEY OFTEN

837
00:30:46,075 --> 00:30:47,777
POSTED IN ORDER TO PROMOTE A

838
00:30:47,777 --> 00:30:51,047
CERTAIN STATUS. SO POPULARITY

839
00:30:51,047 --> 00:30:53,883
FOR INSTANCE OR GOING OUT A LOT

840
00:30:53,883 --> 00:30:55,218
AND -- WITH THEIR FRIENDS. OR

841
00:30:55,218 --> 00:30:57,653
FINALLY MAINTAINING RELEVANT

842
00:30:57,653 --> 00:30:59,355
CONNECTIONS EMERGE AS A MAJOR

843
00:30:59,355 --> 00:31:05,595
THEME. IN FACT ONE OF OUR

844
00:31:05,595 --> 00:31:06,295
PERSONS SAID SHE WAS SO

845
00:31:06,295 --> 00:31:08,931
PRESSURED TO USE A SOCIAL MEDIA

846
00:31:08,931 --> 00:31:09,832
VOICE SHE WOULD GO OUT TO THE

847
00:31:09,832 --> 00:31:11,200
BARS OR THE CLUBS IN ORDER TO

848
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:12,502
HAVE SOMETHING TO POST ABOUT IN

849
00:31:12,502 --> 00:31:15,371
ORDER TO KEEP UP THAT MORE

850
00:31:15,371 --> 00:31:18,674
ACTIVE SOCIAL MEDIA VOICE. ALONG

851
00:31:18,674 --> 00:31:22,478
WITH PROTECTIVE THEMES WE FOUND

852
00:31:22,478 --> 00:31:24,247
IMPERMANENCE TO BE A MAJOR THEME

853
00:31:24,247 --> 00:31:25,448
SO STUDENTS OFTEN POSTED TO

854
00:31:25,448 --> 00:31:27,550
SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN WHICH

855
00:31:27,550 --> 00:31:31,053
THEIR CONTEMPT WAS FLEETING, SO

856
00:31:31,053 --> 00:31:34,023
FOR INSTANCE INSTAGRAM STORIES

857
00:31:34,023 --> 00:31:36,459
OR SNAP CHAT, PRIVACY WAS ALSO A

858
00:31:36,459 --> 00:31:39,228
VERY HUGE CONCERN AMONG OUR

859
00:31:39,228 --> 00:31:40,963
STUDENTS, PARTICULARLY IF THEY

860
00:31:40,963 --> 00:31:43,299
WERE IN ORGANIZATIONS THAT

861
00:31:43,299 --> 00:31:44,967
PROHINTED ALCOHOL POSTING SUCH

862
00:31:44,967 --> 00:31:47,770
AS SORORITIES AND SO

863
00:31:47,770 --> 00:31:48,838
CONSEQUENTLY THEY OPT IN OR

864
00:31:48,838 --> 00:31:52,241
ENGAGE IN SOCIAL MEDIA GROUPS

865
00:31:52,241 --> 00:31:53,376
VERY SMALL GROUPS OPPOSED TO

866
00:31:53,376 --> 00:31:58,414
POSTING TO LARGER NETS WORKS.  

867
00:31:58,414 --> 00:31:59,449
AND REPUTATIONAL CONCERNS EMERGE

868
00:31:59,449 --> 00:32:00,917
AS A MAJOR SOURCE SO THESE SORTS

869
00:32:00,917 --> 00:32:03,152
OF PEOPLE ARE POSTING TO VERY

870
00:32:03,152 --> 00:32:05,121
SPECIFIC AUDIENCE, SO THEY ARE

871
00:32:05,121 --> 00:32:06,589
NOT POSTING TO THE WIDER PUBLIC

872
00:32:06,589 --> 00:32:08,891
BECAUSE THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT

873
00:32:08,891 --> 00:32:11,794
(INAUDIBLE) SO THIS MIGHT BE AN

874
00:32:11,794 --> 00:32:13,663
EXAMPLE OF THE KINDS OF ALCOHOL

875
00:32:13,663 --> 00:32:15,665
RELATED POSTS YOU MIGHT SEE ON

876
00:32:15,665 --> 00:32:19,769
SOCIAL MEDIA POSTED BY STUDENTS.

877
00:32:19,769 --> 00:32:21,237
YOU MIGHT SEE SOMETHING ALONG

878
00:32:21,237 --> 00:32:24,106
THE LINES OF THE HAPPIEST OF

879
00:32:24,106 --> 00:32:26,843
HAPPY HOURS, AND SEE HASH TAG

880
00:32:26,843 --> 00:32:31,280
SUCH AS BEST FRIENDS, DRINKING

881
00:32:31,280 --> 00:32:33,149
THIRSTY THURSDAYS AND SOMETIME

882
00:32:33,149 --> 00:32:34,951
THE ALCOHOL IS NOT NECESSARILY A

883
00:32:34,951 --> 00:32:36,252
FOCAL POINT BUT GETTING BACK TO

884
00:32:36,252 --> 00:32:38,154
THE QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW IT IS

885
00:32:38,154 --> 00:32:39,922
MORE SHARING THE SOCIAL ASPECT

886
00:32:39,922 --> 00:32:43,359
OF POPULARITY OR MAINTAINING

887
00:32:43,359 --> 00:32:45,661
RELEVANCE. SO CONSEQUENTLY THE

888
00:32:45,661 --> 00:32:48,130
REASON ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

889
00:32:48,130 --> 00:32:49,732
POSTS MAYBE CONSISTENTLY LINKED

890
00:32:49,732 --> 00:32:53,870
TO DRINKING AND PROBLEMS IS THAT

891
00:32:53,870 --> 00:32:55,538
STUDENTS OFTEN CULTIVATE ONLINE

892
00:32:55,538 --> 00:32:56,772
DRINKER IDENTITY AROUND THESE

893
00:32:56,772 --> 00:32:58,574
KINDS OF POSTS.  AS WE EX MANIED

894
00:32:58,574 --> 00:33:00,476
IN QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS ONE

895
00:33:00,476 --> 00:33:01,377
PARTICIPANT ACTUALLY MENTIONED

896
00:33:01,377 --> 00:33:03,145
FEELING PRESSURED TO GO OUT TO

897
00:33:03,145 --> 00:33:06,249
THE CLUBS AND TO BARS IN ORDER

898
00:33:06,249 --> 00:33:07,483
TO HAVE SOMETHING TO POST ABOUT

899
00:33:07,483 --> 00:33:08,784
SO YOU HAVE TO CONSTANTLY

900
00:33:08,784 --> 00:33:15,391
MAINTAIN THAT IMAGE. AND

901
00:33:15,391 --> 00:33:16,592
STUDENTS RECEIVE POSITIVE

902
00:33:16,592 --> 00:33:17,527
REINFORCEMENT FOR THEIR ALCOHOL

903
00:33:17,527 --> 00:33:20,062
RELATED CONTENT POSTS SO RECENT

904
00:33:20,062 --> 00:33:21,864
DIARY STUDY FOUND COLLEGE

905
00:33:21,864 --> 00:33:23,633
STUDENTS RECEIVED MORE LIKES FOR

906
00:33:23,633 --> 00:33:26,035
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT THAN

907
00:33:26,035 --> 00:33:27,703
NON-ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

908
00:33:27,703 --> 00:33:30,373
POSTS AND EXPOSURE TO OTHERS

909
00:33:30,373 --> 00:33:32,642
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT, WAS

910
00:33:32,642 --> 00:33:33,876
ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER

911
00:33:33,876 --> 00:33:37,179
FREQUENCY OF DRINKING AMONG

912
00:33:37,179 --> 00:33:39,982
COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THOSE

913
00:33:39,982 --> 00:33:41,651
MORE VULNERABLE TIMES SUCH AS

914
00:33:41,651 --> 00:33:44,487
TRANSITION TO COLLEGE SO AS HIGH

915
00:33:44,487 --> 00:33:45,788
SCHOOLERS ARE MATRICULATING TO

916
00:33:45,788 --> 00:33:46,923
COLLEGE THEY ARE TRYING TO FIND

917
00:33:46,923 --> 00:33:49,258
THEIR FOOTING AND TRYING TO FIND

918
00:33:49,258 --> 00:33:50,726
THEIR SOCIAL GROUP SO THEY ARE

919
00:33:50,726 --> 00:33:53,429
MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO BEING

920
00:33:53,429 --> 00:33:54,730
INFLUENCED AT THAT POINT. YOU

921
00:33:54,730 --> 00:33:56,299
CAN SEE WHY THIS IS ALSO

922
00:33:56,299 --> 00:33:58,868
APPEALING. IF YOU SEE THIS POST

923
00:33:58,868 --> 00:34:01,304
ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE

924
00:34:01,304 --> 00:34:04,373
SCREEN YOU WILL SEE THAT

925
00:34:04,373 --> 00:34:05,708
CAPTIONS DINNER IS SERVED. YOU

926
00:34:05,708 --> 00:34:08,711
WILL SEE THIS HUMOROUS DIALOGUE

927
00:34:08,711 --> 00:34:11,213
GOING BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN

928
00:34:11,213 --> 00:34:16,352
THOSE WITHIN THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA

929
00:34:16,352 --> 00:34:18,955
SO SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORK. I

930
00:34:18,955 --> 00:34:20,590
PREFER THE WHISKEY SOUP OR I'LL

931
00:34:20,590 --> 00:34:23,426
HAVE WHAT HE'S HAVING CONDITION

932
00:34:23,426 --> 00:34:24,427
SRI IT IS LIGHT HEARTED HUMOR

933
00:34:24,427 --> 00:34:25,861
AND SOCIAL ASPECT OF ALCOHOL

934
00:34:25,861 --> 00:34:29,298
RELATED CONTENT POSTS.  WHY THIS

935
00:34:29,298 --> 00:34:32,168
IS PROBLEMATIC WE ACTUALLY

936
00:34:32,168 --> 00:34:34,604
CONDUCTED A STUDY WHERE WE WERE

937
00:34:34,604 --> 00:34:36,606
EXAMINING SELF-GENERATED ALCOHOL

938
00:34:36,606 --> 00:34:38,574
RELATED CONTENT POSTS AS A

939
00:34:38,574 --> 00:34:40,476
MODERATOR OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN

940
00:34:40,476 --> 00:34:42,178
OTHER ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

941
00:34:42,178 --> 00:34:44,146
POSTS AND DRINKS PER WEEK. WHAT

942
00:34:44,146 --> 00:34:47,917
YOU SEE HERE IS THAT IT WAS EVEN

943
00:34:47,917 --> 00:34:49,318
THOUGH STUDENTS MAY NOT BE

944
00:34:49,318 --> 00:34:50,720
POSTING ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

945
00:34:50,720 --> 00:34:52,722
PES TO SOCIAL MEDIA THEMSELVES,

946
00:34:52,722 --> 00:34:54,557
SO THE SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS ARE

947
00:34:54,557 --> 00:34:58,461
MORE THE LOWER END. OF POSTING

948
00:34:58,461 --> 00:34:59,962
BEHAVIOR. THEY STILL APPEAR TO

949
00:34:59,962 --> 00:35:02,365
BE INFLUENCED TO DRINK BY

950
00:35:02,365 --> 00:35:03,499
VIEWING OTHERS ALCOHOL RELATED

951
00:35:03,499 --> 00:35:05,701
CONTENT POSTS.  SO EVEN IF YOU

952
00:35:05,701 --> 00:35:07,036
DON'T PUSH YOURSELF YOU ARE

953
00:35:07,036 --> 00:35:08,638
STILL HEAVILY INFLUENCED TO

954
00:35:08,638 --> 00:35:13,009
DRINK.  ONE REASON WHY THEY

955
00:35:13,009 --> 00:35:16,579
MIGHT BE INFLUENCED IS THAT

956
00:35:16,579 --> 00:35:18,547
STUDENTS OFTEN HOLD THESE

957
00:35:18,547 --> 00:35:20,316
PROTOTYPICAL IMAGES OF TYPE OF

958
00:35:20,316 --> 00:35:21,784
STUDENT OR THE TYPICAL COLLEGE

959
00:35:21,784 --> 00:35:22,551
STUDENT WHO POSTS ALCOHOL

960
00:35:22,551 --> 00:35:24,520
RELATED CONTENT TO SOCIAL MEDIA.

961
00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:27,490
SO WE CONDUCTED A STUDY WHERE WE

962
00:35:27,490 --> 00:35:30,693
ASKED STUDENTS TO INDICATE FIVE

963
00:35:30,693 --> 00:35:33,129
ADJECTIVES IN AN OPEN ENDED

964
00:35:33,129 --> 00:35:35,865
CONTACT, FIVE ADJECTIVES THAT

965
00:35:35,865 --> 00:35:38,100
CAME TO MIND WHEN THEY THOUGHT

966
00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:39,402
OF TYPICAL COLLEGE STUDENT

967
00:35:39,402 --> 00:35:40,736
POSTED ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

968
00:35:40,736 --> 00:35:42,405
TO SOCIAL MEDIA. OUT OF

969
00:35:42,405 --> 00:35:47,043
ADJECTIVES WE PULLED DOWN 30

970
00:35:47,043 --> 00:35:49,245
ADJECTIVES AND THEN ASKED

971
00:35:49,245 --> 00:35:51,047
STUDENTS TO RATE THE ADJECTIVES.

972
00:35:51,047 --> 00:35:52,248
THEN WE RAN A FACTOR ANALYSIS ON

973
00:35:52,248 --> 00:35:56,552
IT. OUT OF THAT, THREE DIFFERENT

974
00:35:56,552 --> 00:35:58,854
PROTOTYPES EMERGED.  SO FIRST

975
00:35:58,854 --> 00:36:03,025
WAS THE HEDONISTIC PROTOTYPE.

976
00:36:03,025 --> 00:36:06,162
STUDENTS SAW POSTER AS BEING

977
00:36:06,162 --> 00:36:07,897
MORE ALCOHOLIC, MORE

978
00:36:07,897 --> 00:36:09,632
IRRESPONSIBLE, MORE IMMATURE,

979
00:36:09,632 --> 00:36:12,101
THE SECOND TYPE WAS THE MORE

980
00:36:12,101 --> 00:36:13,102
DEUPON DENT POSTER PROTOTYPE SO

981
00:36:13,102 --> 00:36:14,670
THEY THOUGHT OF THIS PERSON

982
00:36:14,670 --> 00:36:18,808
BEING MORE STRESSED, MAYBE

983
00:36:18,808 --> 00:36:20,376
DRINKING TO COPE, DEPRESSED OR

984
00:36:20,376 --> 00:36:23,112
LAZY. AND FINALLY THE SOCIALIAL

985
00:36:23,112 --> 00:36:25,314
POSTER PROTOTYPE. THAT SORT OF

986
00:36:25,314 --> 00:36:26,982
IMAGE WAS MORE THIS PERSON WAS

987
00:36:26,982 --> 00:36:30,352
MORE FUN LOVING, ADVENTURE

988
00:36:30,352 --> 00:36:34,457
OUTSIDE, FUNNY, HUMAN LOUSE, ET

989
00:36:34,457 --> 00:36:36,225
CETERA. THEN -- HUMOROUS, ET

990
00:36:36,225 --> 00:36:39,061
CETERA. IN ORDER TO VALIDATE OUR

991
00:36:39,061 --> 00:36:41,263
SCALE WE ENTERED ALL THREE

992
00:36:41,263 --> 00:36:45,935
PROTOTYPES INTO THE SAME PATH

993
00:36:45,935 --> 00:36:47,837
MODEL. AND WE WERE EXAMINING THE

994
00:36:47,837 --> 00:36:49,705
INDIRECT EFFECTS. AND ONLY THE

995
00:36:49,705 --> 00:36:53,576
INDIRECT EFFECT OF SOCIAL --

996
00:36:53,576 --> 00:36:54,710
SOCIABLE POSTER PROTOTYPE

997
00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:56,512
EMERGED. THAT IS THE UNDERLYING

998
00:36:56,512 --> 00:36:58,214
REASON WHY STUDENTS WHO VIEWED

999
00:36:58,214 --> 00:37:00,750
AND POSTED ALCOHOL RELATED

1000
00:37:00,750 --> 00:37:02,518
CONTENT TENDED TO DRINK MORE WAS

1001
00:37:02,518 --> 00:37:04,420
DUE TO THE FACT THEY WERE

1002
00:37:04,420 --> 00:37:06,655
HOLDING THIS MORE SOCIABLE

1003
00:37:06,655 --> 00:37:09,992
PROTOTYPE IN THEIR MIND, THE FUN

1004
00:37:09,992 --> 00:37:14,063
LOVING ADVENTUROUS, FUNNY,

1005
00:37:14,063 --> 00:37:15,831
POPULAR PROTOTYPE. THEN YOU

1006
00:37:15,831 --> 00:37:17,500
MIGHT BE WONDERING SO YOU TALKED

1007
00:37:17,500 --> 00:37:19,301
A LOT ABOUT THE PROBLEM, HOW DO

1008
00:37:19,301 --> 00:37:22,171
YOU ACTUALLY HARNESS SOCIAL

1009
00:37:22,171 --> 00:37:24,173
MEDIA FOR GOOD? WE ACTUALLY

1010
00:37:24,173 --> 00:37:27,243
DEVELOPED AN ALCOHOL RELATED

1011
00:37:27,243 --> 00:37:29,512
CONTENT POST AND DRINKING SCALE

1012
00:37:29,512 --> 00:37:31,247
AND IT WAS DEVELOPED SORT OF

1013
00:37:31,247 --> 00:37:33,048
LOOSELY BASED ON THE TIME LINE

1014
00:37:33,048 --> 00:37:36,919
FOLLOW BACK WHICH IS A STANDARD

1015
00:37:36,919 --> 00:37:38,721
CLINICAL MEASURE USED IN ALCOHOL

1016
00:37:38,721 --> 00:37:42,458
RESEARCH. THE WAY THE TIME LINE

1017
00:37:42,458 --> 00:37:43,793
TYPICALLY WORKS IS YOU HAVE

1018
00:37:43,793 --> 00:37:44,860
CALENDAR FORMAT, YOU ARE

1019
00:37:44,860 --> 00:37:49,131
SUPPOSED TO RECALL YOUR DRINK

1020
00:37:49,131 --> 00:37:54,003
AROUND SPECIFIC CONTEXT. SO OR

1021
00:37:54,003 --> 00:37:56,772
ENTER DATES AS THEY SPAN THE

1022
00:37:56,772 --> 00:37:58,774
INSTRUCTIONS. SO THE ENTER DATES

1023
00:37:58,774 --> 00:38:01,944
COULD BE HOLIDAYS, THEY COULD BE

1024
00:38:01,944 --> 00:38:05,614
ANNIVERSARIES, BIRTHDAYS, GOING

1025
00:38:05,614 --> 00:38:08,150
OUT FOR TACO TUESDAY OR

1026
00:38:08,150 --> 00:38:12,087
WHATEVER, OR IT WOULD BE ALSO

1027
00:38:12,087 --> 00:38:16,959
MORE STRESSFUL EVENT. INSTEAD OF

1028
00:38:16,959 --> 00:38:19,161
USING THE TRADITIONAL ANCHOR

1029
00:38:19,161 --> 00:38:20,930
DATES WHAT WE DID IS WE ASKED

1030
00:38:20,930 --> 00:38:23,265
STUDENTS TO USE THEIR POSTING

1031
00:38:23,265 --> 00:38:24,667
BEHAVIOR, THEIR ALCOHOL RELATED

1032
00:38:24,667 --> 00:38:28,037
POSTING BEHAVIOR AS THE ANCHOR

1033
00:38:28,037 --> 00:38:32,007
DATE. THIS WAS PART OF

1034
00:38:32,007 --> 00:38:32,708
PRELIMINARY STEP TOWARDS

1035
00:38:32,708 --> 00:38:34,376
CREATING A MORE STANDARDIZE

1036
00:38:34,376 --> 00:38:35,711
MEASURE FOR ASSESSING ALCOHOL

1037
00:38:35,711 --> 00:38:38,914
RELATED CONTENT. T SO WHAT WE

1038
00:38:38,914 --> 00:38:41,617
FOUND DURING SCOPING REVIEW

1039
00:38:41,617 --> 00:38:43,285
WHICH WE ARE STILL IN THE

1040
00:38:43,285 --> 00:38:48,157
PROCESS OF WRITING UP, WE

1041
00:38:48,157 --> 00:38:49,959
DISCOVERED A LOT OF RESEARCHERS

1042
00:38:49,959 --> 00:38:54,330
USE A LOT OF TOOLS IN ORDER TO

1043
00:38:54,330 --> 00:38:57,433
AS CERTAIN CONTENT POSTING

1044
00:38:57,433 --> 00:39:00,302
BEHAVIORS. SO THIS WAS A STEP

1045
00:39:00,302 --> 00:39:01,971
TOWARDS THAT MORE STANDARDIZED

1046
00:39:01,971 --> 00:39:04,206
MEASURE. AND ALSO WHAT EMERGED

1047
00:39:04,206 --> 00:39:06,141
WHEN WE WERE DOING A SESSION --

1048
00:39:06,141 --> 00:39:08,310
SESSIONS WITH STUDENTS WHEN THEY

1049
00:39:08,310 --> 00:39:09,411
WERE DISPLAYING THEIR SOCIAL

1050
00:39:09,411 --> 00:39:12,348
MEDIA POSTS TO US, IS THAT THE

1051
00:39:12,348 --> 00:39:14,884
KIND OF POSTS THAT THEY CONSIDER

1052
00:39:14,884 --> 00:39:16,752
TO BE ALCOHOL RELATED AREN'T

1053
00:39:16,752 --> 00:39:19,054
NECESSARILY THE POSTS THAT

1054
00:39:19,054 --> 00:39:20,723
RESEARCHERS CONSIDER ALCOHOL

1055
00:39:20,723 --> 00:39:23,359
RELATED. SO FOR INSTANCE DRUNK

1056
00:39:23,359 --> 00:39:25,060
SELFIES THE PARTICIPANT ISN'T

1057
00:39:25,060 --> 00:39:27,229
NECESSARILY HOLDING A GLASS OF

1058
00:39:27,229 --> 00:39:29,265
ALCOHOL, WOULDN'T TYPICALLY BE

1059
00:39:29,265 --> 00:39:32,501
CLASSIFIED AS A ALCOHOL RELATED

1060
00:39:32,501 --> 00:39:36,372
CONTENT POST. HOW FAR WE ASKED

1061
00:39:36,372 --> 00:39:38,007
STUDENTS TO INDICATE TO US WHICH

1062
00:39:38,007 --> 00:39:40,876
POSTS THEIR FRIENDS WOULD

1063
00:39:40,876 --> 00:39:42,211
CONSIDER. BEING ALCOHOL RELATED 

1064
00:39:42,211 --> 00:39:44,346
FRIENDS NORMALLY GO OFF

1065
00:39:44,346 --> 00:39:46,315
CONTEXTUAL QUEUES, LIKE TIME OF

1066
00:39:46,315 --> 00:39:48,651
DAY THE PARTICIPANT IS POSTING,

1067
00:39:48,651 --> 00:39:51,820
OR THEY ARE LOOKING AT MORE

1068
00:39:51,820 --> 00:39:55,224
ENVIRONMENT THE PARTICIPANT IS

1069
00:39:55,224 --> 00:39:58,460
IN. I THINK THIS IS IMPORTANT

1070
00:39:58,460 --> 00:40:01,230
TOO BECAUSE IT IS GOOD TO HAVE

1071
00:40:01,230 --> 00:40:03,032
SELF-REPORT ASPECT ALONG WITH

1072
00:40:03,032 --> 00:40:05,401
MORE OBJECTIVE MEASURES AND

1073
00:40:05,401 --> 00:40:06,168
MOVING FORWARD BECAUSE EVEN

1074
00:40:06,168 --> 00:40:08,604
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS MAY

1075
00:40:08,604 --> 00:40:12,975
NOT TAKE ON THESE NUANCES THAT

1076
00:40:12,975 --> 00:40:14,643
EXIST WITHIN ALCOHOL RELATED

1077
00:40:14,643 --> 00:40:20,015
CONTENT POSTS.  IN TERMS OF

1078
00:40:20,015 --> 00:40:22,051
USING WE DID COMPARISON, WE DID

1079
00:40:22,051 --> 00:40:24,019
A STUDY WHERE PARTICIPANTS TOOK

1080
00:40:24,019 --> 00:40:28,324
BOTH NORMAL TIME LINE AS WELL AS

1081
00:40:28,324 --> 00:40:29,558
SCHOOL CREATED THEY WERE CALLING

1082
00:40:29,558 --> 00:40:32,795
THEIR DRINKING AROUND THE SOCIAL

1083
00:40:32,795 --> 00:40:35,764
MEDIA POSTS AND WE RAN TWO

1084
00:40:35,764 --> 00:40:36,899
MULTI-VARIANT INTERSECT MODELS. 

1085
00:40:36,899 --> 00:40:39,601
WHAT WE UNCOVERED THROUGH THE

1086
00:40:39,601 --> 00:40:40,502
BASE MODEL YOU MILE THINK OF

1087
00:40:40,502 --> 00:40:43,872
THIS AS MORE OF A MULTI-LEVEL

1088
00:40:43,872 --> 00:40:45,474
MODEL BECAUSE PARTICIPANTS ARE

1089
00:40:45,474 --> 00:40:47,242
RECORDING DRINKING ACROSS 30

1090
00:40:47,242 --> 00:40:51,513
DAYS.  SO AT THE BASE LEVEL WE

1091
00:40:51,513 --> 00:40:53,983
FOUND MOST EXISTED AT THE WITHIN

1092
00:40:53,983 --> 00:40:58,921
PERSON LEVEL SO ABOUT SO THE

1093
00:40:58,921 --> 00:41:00,789
INTERCLASS CORRELATION WAS .68,

1094
00:41:00,789 --> 00:41:03,759
THE BETWEEN PERSONS LEVEL WE

1095
00:41:03,759 --> 00:41:06,228
HAVE LESS POWER TO DETECT AN

1096
00:41:06,228 --> 00:41:08,197
EFFECT TO BUT IT WAS HIGHLY

1097
00:41:08,197 --> 00:41:09,665
CORRELATED AT THE (INAUDIBLE)

1098
00:41:09,665 --> 00:41:12,067
PERSON'S LEVEL. WHAT WAS

1099
00:41:12,067 --> 00:41:16,238
INTERESTING IS PARTICIPANTS

1100
00:41:16,238 --> 00:41:17,139
REPORTED 20 POST MORE ALCOHOL

1101
00:41:17,139 --> 00:41:19,341
USE WITH ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

1102
00:41:19,341 --> 00:41:20,909
SCALE VERSUS NORMAL TIME LINE

1103
00:41:20,909 --> 00:41:23,879
FOLLOW BACK SO AGAIN SAME

1104
00:41:23,879 --> 00:41:25,247
PARTICIPANTS TAKING NORMAL TIME

1105
00:41:25,247 --> 00:41:26,815
LINE AS WELL AS SCALE CREATED

1106
00:41:26,815 --> 00:41:30,452
AND REPORTING ABOUT 20% MORE

1107
00:41:30,452 --> 00:41:33,222
ALCOHOL USE ACROSS 30 DAYS.  IN

1108
00:41:33,222 --> 00:41:34,456
THE SECOND MODEL WE USE TIME

1109
00:41:34,456 --> 00:41:38,894
LINE FOLLOW BACK NORMAL, AS THE

1110
00:41:38,894 --> 00:41:41,964
REFERENCE GROUP THAT REVEALED A

1111
00:41:41,964 --> 00:41:42,965
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

1112
00:41:42,965 --> 00:41:45,901
THE DRINKS REPORTED USING THE

1113
00:41:45,901 --> 00:41:46,668
STANDARD TIME LINE FOLLOW BACK

1114
00:41:46,668 --> 00:41:48,137
AND THE ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

1115
00:41:48,137 --> 00:41:53,075
THAT BEDEVELOPED. SUCH THE

1116
00:41:53,075 --> 00:41:54,843
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT SCALE

1117
00:41:54,843 --> 00:41:55,778
REVIEWED MORE ALCOHOL

1118
00:41:55,778 --> 00:41:59,748
CONSUMPTION.  WE ARE UTILIZING

1119
00:41:59,748 --> 00:42:04,119
THAT TOOL WE CREATED WITHIN

1120
00:42:04,119 --> 00:42:06,021
CONTEXT OF PERSONALIZED

1121
00:42:06,021 --> 00:42:07,489
NORMALIZED FEEDBACK

1122
00:42:07,489 --> 00:42:09,258
INTERVENTIONS SO PNF

1123
00:42:09,258 --> 00:42:10,893
INTERVENTIONS ARE THE

1124
00:42:10,893 --> 00:42:11,760
EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED BRIEF

1125
00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:13,195
ALCOHOL RELATED INTERVENTIONS

1126
00:42:13,195 --> 00:42:15,230
AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS. THE WAY

1127
00:42:15,230 --> 00:42:18,233
THEY OPERATE IS THEY TYPICALLY

1128
00:42:18,233 --> 00:42:20,869
FUNCTION BY CORRECTING FEEDBACK

1129
00:42:20,869 --> 00:42:22,905
BY GIVING STUDENT FEEDBACK FROM

1130
00:42:22,905 --> 00:42:24,973
THEIR SELF-REPORTED DRINKING,

1131
00:42:24,973 --> 00:42:25,941
THE STUDENTS SELF-REPORT HOW

1132
00:42:25,941 --> 00:42:28,977
MUCH THEY DRINK WITHIN A SURVEY.

1133
00:42:28,977 --> 00:42:30,312
THEY ALSO REPORT HOW MUCH THEY

1134
00:42:30,312 --> 00:42:32,181
THINK THEIR PEERS DRINK SO THAT

1135
00:42:32,181 --> 00:42:33,449
PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PEERS

1136
00:42:33,449 --> 00:42:35,651
DRINKIDRINKING. AND THEN WE GIVM

1137
00:42:35,651 --> 00:42:37,553
THE ACTUAL DESCRIPTIVE NORMS OF

1138
00:42:37,553 --> 00:42:38,754
PREVALENCE OF THE BEHAVIOR. WE

1139
00:42:38,754 --> 00:42:42,524
ARE UTILIZING THIS WITH AND DATA

1140
00:42:42,524 --> 00:42:43,759
COLLECTION IS STILL ONGOING SO I

1141
00:42:43,759 --> 00:42:45,127
WILL TALK ABOUT THE TYPES OF

1142
00:42:45,127 --> 00:42:47,029
FEEDBACK THAT WE ARE PROVIDING.

1143
00:42:47,029 --> 00:42:48,931
BUT WE ARE UTILIZING IT WITHIN A

1144
00:42:48,931 --> 00:42:50,399
SOCIAL MEDIA PERSONALIZED

1145
00:42:50,399 --> 00:42:52,801
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK INTERVENTION.

1146
00:42:52,801 --> 00:42:55,204
WE HAVE FOUR DIFFERENT ARMS OF

1147
00:42:55,204 --> 00:42:57,406
FEEDBACK INTERVENTION. FIRST ONE

1148
00:42:57,406 --> 00:42:59,208
IS STANDARD ALCOHOL PERSONALIZED

1149
00:42:59,208 --> 00:43:01,443
NORMATIVE FEEDBA FEEDBACK. THE D

1150
00:43:01,443 --> 00:43:03,212
ONE IS MORE SOCIALIZED SOCIAL

1151
00:43:03,212 --> 00:43:04,480
MEDIA PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE

1152
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:07,316
FEEDBACK.  THE THIRD IS PA

1153
00:43:07,316 --> 00:43:11,186
COMBINATION OF THE TWO. FINALLY

1154
00:43:11,186 --> 00:43:12,287
USE AND INTENTIONAL CONTROL. WE

1155
00:43:12,287 --> 00:43:14,957
ARE MEASURING DRINKS AS WELL AS

1156
00:43:14,957 --> 00:43:16,859
ALCOHOL RELATED PROBLEMS AT

1157
00:43:16,859 --> 00:43:19,728
BASELINE THREE MONTHS AND SIX

1158
00:43:19,728 --> 00:43:21,763
MONTHS. SO FOR ALCOHOL PERMIZED

1159
00:43:21,763 --> 00:43:23,999
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK, THAT

1160
00:43:23,999 --> 00:43:25,567
STANDARD FIRST LINE NORMATIVE

1161
00:43:25,567 --> 00:43:26,702
FEEDBACK INTERVENTION ASKS

1162
00:43:26,702 --> 00:43:28,770
STUDENTS TO HAVE A COMPARE --

1163
00:43:28,770 --> 00:43:30,873
HOW THEY COMPARE TO OTHER MALE

1164
00:43:30,873 --> 00:43:33,175
OR FEMALE AND USUALLY GENDER

1165
00:43:33,175 --> 00:43:34,443
SPECIFIC FEEDBACK IN ORDER FOR

1166
00:43:34,443 --> 00:43:36,411
THE REFERENCE GROUP TO BE MORE

1167
00:43:36,411 --> 00:43:37,746
SPECIFIC AT THEIR UNIVERSITY.

1168
00:43:37,746 --> 00:43:40,082
AND IF THE PERSON DOES NOT FALL

1169
00:43:40,082 --> 00:43:42,284
WITHIN -- IF THEY DON'T

1170
00:43:42,284 --> 00:43:43,285
SELF-IDENTIFY AS THE SPECIFIC

1171
00:43:43,285 --> 00:43:44,620
GENDER WE WILL GIVE THEM THE

1172
00:43:44,620 --> 00:43:47,923
NORMS OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSITY.

1173
00:43:47,923 --> 00:43:50,792
BUT WE PROVIDE HOW MUCH THE

1174
00:43:50,792 --> 00:43:51,994
STUDENTS INDICATED THEY DRINK

1175
00:43:51,994 --> 00:43:54,863
PER WEEK. HOW MUCH THEY THINK

1176
00:43:54,863 --> 00:43:56,198
THE AVERAGE STUDENT DRINKS PER

1177
00:43:56,198 --> 00:43:57,533
WEEK AND PROVIDE WITH A REAL

1178
00:43:57,533 --> 00:44:00,903
STATISTIC. AS WELL AS PERCENTILE

1179
00:44:00,903 --> 00:44:02,204
RATING. WITH REGARDS TO THE

1180
00:44:02,204 --> 00:44:04,473
SOCIAL MEDIA PERSONALIZED

1181
00:44:04,473 --> 00:44:06,675
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK CONDITION WE

1182
00:44:06,675 --> 00:44:08,277
USING A SIMILAR FORMAT WHERE WE

1183
00:44:08,277 --> 00:44:12,848
ARE GIVING THEM GENDER SPECIFIC

1184
00:44:12,848 --> 00:44:14,216
FEEDBACK AND UNIVERSITY SPECIFIC

1185
00:44:14,216 --> 00:44:17,186
FEEDBACK REGARDING BOTHING

1186
00:44:17,186 --> 00:44:19,421
BEHAVIOR AND -- POSTING BEHAVIOR

1187
00:44:19,421 --> 00:44:21,223
AND PERCENTILE RATING AND

1188
00:44:21,223 --> 00:44:23,659
COMBINE COMBINATION OF BOTH

1189
00:44:23,659 --> 00:44:24,860
ALCOHOL PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE

1190
00:44:24,860 --> 00:44:28,530
FEEDBACK AS WELL AS SOCIAL MEDIA

1191
00:44:28,530 --> 00:44:30,532
PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE FEEDBACK.

1192
00:44:30,532 --> 00:44:32,167
FINALLY ATTENTION CONTROL IS

1193
00:44:32,167 --> 00:44:34,269
GIVING THEM FEEDBACK ON THEIR

1194
00:44:34,269 --> 00:44:37,272
DESSERT CONSUMPTION. WE ASKED

1195
00:44:37,272 --> 00:44:40,275
PARTICIPANTS TO TAKE A DESSERT

1196
00:44:40,275 --> 00:44:41,610
TIME LINE FOLLOW BACK AND GAVE

1197
00:44:41,610 --> 00:44:43,078
THEM FEEDBACK ON THEIR

1198
00:44:43,078 --> 00:44:46,014
COMPARISONS RELATED TO OTHER

1199
00:44:46,014 --> 00:44:51,386
FEMALES OR MALES 18-26-YEAR-OLD

1200
00:44:51,386 --> 00:44:53,956
ON THEIR CHOCOLATE AND CANDY

1201
00:44:53,956 --> 00:44:55,724
CONSUMPTION AND WE ALSO GAVE

1202
00:44:55,724 --> 00:44:59,261
THEM PERCENTILE RATING. SO WHY

1203
00:44:59,261 --> 00:45:01,930
IS THIS IMPORTANT? WE

1204
00:45:01,930 --> 00:45:02,931
UNDOUBTEDLY KNOW THAT SOCIAL

1205
00:45:02,931 --> 00:45:04,866
MEDIA CHANGES PEOPLE'S BEHAVIOR.

1206
00:45:04,866 --> 00:45:08,470
WE HAVE SEEN THAT IN MEDIA, WE

1207
00:45:08,470 --> 00:45:11,240
HAVE SEEN EXPERIMENTS

1208
00:45:11,240 --> 00:45:13,976
INFORMATION. WE SPECIFICALLY

1209
00:45:13,976 --> 00:45:15,310
KNOW THAT ALCOHOL RELATED

1210
00:45:15,310 --> 00:45:17,012
CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA IS A BIG

1211
00:45:17,012 --> 00:45:19,348
PROBLEM AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE. THAT

1212
00:45:19,348 --> 00:45:21,950
IS IT VARIES CONSISTENTLY TO

1213
00:45:21,950 --> 00:45:23,852
CONSUMPTION AND PROBLEMS. THE

1214
00:45:23,852 --> 00:45:26,088
SOCIAL MEDIA FIRST LIME

1215
00:45:26,088 --> 00:45:27,522
NORMATIVE INTERVENTION FEEDBACK

1216
00:45:27,522 --> 00:45:29,157
I PRESENTED IS AMONG THE FIRST

1217
00:45:29,157 --> 00:45:31,526
OF ITS KIND TO TARGET HEAVY

1218
00:45:31,526 --> 00:45:33,295
DRINKING COLLEGE STUDENTS.  WE

1219
00:45:33,295 --> 00:45:35,631
ARE ALSO HEAVIER ALCOHOL CONTENT

1220
00:45:35,631 --> 00:45:37,432
POSTERS BUT MORE INTERVENTIONS

1221
00:45:37,432 --> 00:45:41,970
NEED TO BE DIVIDESSED IN THIS

1222
00:45:41,970 --> 00:45:43,338
ARENA. THERE'S STILL A LOT WE

1223
00:45:43,338 --> 00:45:45,340
DON'T KNOW. SO I PRESENTED ONE

1224
00:45:45,340 --> 00:45:46,575
MECHANISM THAT MIGHT BE

1225
00:45:46,575 --> 00:45:49,478
UNDERLYING WHY ALCOHOL RELATED

1226
00:45:49,478 --> 00:45:51,380
CONTENT IS CONSUMPTION AND

1227
00:45:51,380 --> 00:45:53,081
PROBLEMS BUT STILL UNDOUBTEDLY A

1228
00:45:53,081 --> 00:45:55,584
LOT MORE. WE ALSO DON'T KNOW WHO

1229
00:45:55,584 --> 00:45:57,352
IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALCOHOL

1230
00:45:57,352 --> 00:45:59,021
RELATED CONTENT BEING LED TO

1231
00:45:59,021 --> 00:46:00,355
CONSUMPTION PROBLEMS GIVEN NOT

1232
00:46:00,355 --> 00:46:03,625
ALL HEAVY DRINKERS POST SO THERE

1233
00:46:03,625 --> 00:46:04,693
MIGHT BE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.

1234
00:46:04,693 --> 00:46:07,596
FOR INSTANCE IN OUR STUDIES WE

1235
00:46:07,596 --> 00:46:09,831
TEND TO RECRUIT MORE FEMALE

1236
00:46:09,831 --> 00:46:12,501
PARTICIPANTS BECAUSE FEMALES

1237
00:46:12,501 --> 00:46:14,069
JUST TEND TO BE MORE INTO SOCIAL

1238
00:46:14,069 --> 00:46:15,771
MEDIA AND POSTING ON SOCIAL

1239
00:46:15,771 --> 00:46:18,206
MEDIA MORE THAN MALES. BUT THERE

1240
00:46:18,206 --> 00:46:19,541
MIGHT BE OTHER INDIVIDUAL

1241
00:46:19,541 --> 00:46:21,276
DIFFERENCES THAT WE ARE NOT

1242
00:46:21,276 --> 00:46:23,412
AWARE OF, EXTRA BRIDGING, ET

1243
00:46:23,412 --> 00:46:26,181
CETERA WE SHOULD CONSIDER. AS

1244
00:46:26,181 --> 00:46:29,051
FOR OTHER FUTURE DIRECTIONS,

1245
00:46:29,051 --> 00:46:31,586
SOCIAL NETWORKS SHOULD BE

1246
00:46:31,586 --> 00:46:33,455
EXPLORED SO NETWORKS WITH

1247
00:46:33,455 --> 00:46:35,924
POSITIVE ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT

1248
00:46:35,924 --> 00:46:37,526
MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CYCLICAL

1249
00:46:37,526 --> 00:46:39,061
INCREASES IN DRINKING FOR PEOPLE

1250
00:46:39,061 --> 00:46:41,596
WITHIN THOSE NETWORKS. ALSO

1251
00:46:41,596 --> 00:46:43,398
FINALLY, GIVEN THAT YOU KNOW FOR

1252
00:46:43,398 --> 00:46:45,367
SURE THAT SOCIAL MEDIA IS A

1253
00:46:45,367 --> 00:46:48,136
MAJOR SOURCE OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

1254
00:46:48,136 --> 00:46:50,005
FEATURE RESEARCH -- FUTURE

1255
00:46:50,005 --> 00:46:51,239
RESEARCH SHOULD LEVERAGE THE

1256
00:46:51,239 --> 00:46:53,575
TOOL TO PROMOTE REDUCTION OF

1257
00:46:53,575 --> 00:46:55,677
DRINKING.  SO I WOULD LIKE TO

1258
00:46:55,677 --> 00:46:57,813
THANK MY FUNDING SOURCE NIAAA

1259
00:46:57,813 --> 00:47:02,951
FOR FUNDING MY K99 R 00 FINALLY

1260
00:47:02,951 --> 00:47:10,192
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY

1261
00:47:10,192 --> 00:47:10,992
MR. COMMITTE: COLLABORATOR

1262
00:47:10,992 --> 00:47:12,527
ROBERT WICKHAM AND CO-MENTORS

1263
00:47:12,527 --> 00:47:15,330
MEGHAN MORENO AND NEIGHBORS AS

1264
00:47:15,330 --> 00:47:16,698
WELL AS COLLABORATORS THAT I

1265
00:47:16,698 --> 00:47:21,436
WORK WITH FREQUENTLY, MAUREEN

1266
00:47:21,436 --> 00:47:25,841
AND AS WELL AS MY MENTOR AT

1267
00:47:25,841 --> 00:47:27,342
DUCENNES UNIVERSITY. AND FINALLY

1268
00:47:27,342 --> 00:47:29,344
IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO STUDY THE

1269
00:47:29,344 --> 00:47:31,146
GLOBAL VILLAGE AND I WOULD LIKE

1270
00:47:31,146 --> 00:47:32,881
TO THANK FROM THE BOTTOM OF MY

1271
00:47:32,881 --> 00:47:35,851
HEART MY TEAM OF RESEARCH

1272
00:47:35,851 --> 00:47:37,719
ASSISTANTS AND STAFF MEMBERS WHO

1273
00:47:37,719 --> 00:47:39,087
DEDICATED THEIR TIME OVER THE

1274
00:47:39,087 --> 00:47:42,524
WEEKENDS AND NIGHTTIMES IN ORDER

1275
00:47:42,524 --> 00:47:44,292
TO CULTIVATE THIS RESEARCH.

1276
00:47:44,292 --> 00:47:50,132
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

1277
00:47:50,132 --> 00:47:52,701
>> THANK YOU BOTH FOR
REALLY

1278
00:47:52,701 --> 00:47:56,271
OUTSTANDING TALKS AND REALLY

1279
00:47:56,271 --> 00:48:01,309
FASCINATING. SUPPOSEDLY GETTING

1280
00:48:01,309 --> 00:48:05,380
QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT. WHILE WE

1281
00:48:05,380 --> 00:48:06,615
ARE WAITING FOR THAT I WILL TAKE

1282
00:48:06,615 --> 00:48:08,483
THE PREROGATIVE TO ASK YOU

1283
00:48:08,483 --> 00:48:09,718
QUESTIONS BUT FIRST A COMMENT.

1284
00:48:09,718 --> 00:48:11,253
TEAM OF US PRESENTED AT THE

1285
00:48:11,253 --> 00:48:15,590
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ADDICTION

1286
00:48:15,590 --> 00:48:20,228
PSYCPSYCHIATRY LAST WEEK AND NUR

1287
00:48:20,228 --> 00:48:22,264
OF YOUNG PEOPLE ASKING I GUESS

1288
00:48:22,264 --> 00:48:24,166
JUST ENTERING THEIR RESIDENCIES

1289
00:48:24,166 --> 00:48:28,770
OR PHYSICI PHYSICIANS THEY WEREG

1290
00:48:28,770 --> 00:48:29,805
ABOUT SOME OF THE THINGS WE ARE

1291
00:48:29,805 --> 00:48:32,307
ACTUALLY DOING, WHETHER THERE

1292
00:48:32,307 --> 00:48:35,844
WERE ANY APPS OUT THERE

1293
00:48:35,844 --> 00:48:36,478
NEIGHBORHOOD USE TO CHART SOME

1294
00:48:36,478 --> 00:48:39,848
OF THESE MEASURES. ESPECIALLY

1295
00:48:39,848 --> 00:48:41,216
DRINKING. THAT WOULD BE FREELY

1296
00:48:41,216 --> 00:48:43,652
AVAILABLE. SO I WOULD USUAL YOU

1297
00:48:43,652 --> 00:48:46,188
TO KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK. THAT

1298
00:48:46,188 --> 00:48:47,522
IS THE FIRST THING I WOULD SAY

1299
00:48:47,522 --> 00:48:50,192
TO BOTH OF YOU. THERE'S ALREADY

1300
00:48:50,192 --> 00:48:53,061
A BURGEONING INTEREST IN EVEN

1301
00:48:53,061 --> 00:48:58,967
YOUNG PEOPLE IN THIS ISSUE.

1302
00:48:58,967 --> 00:49:00,068
MAUREEN. FIRST QUESTION THAT

1303
00:49:00,068 --> 00:49:05,340
COMES TO MY MIND, HAVE YOU

1304
00:49:05,340 --> 00:49:07,108
ANALYZED SEX OR AGE DIFFERENCES

1305
00:49:07,108 --> 00:49:09,711
IN THAT GROUP OF 400 ON THE

1306
00:49:09,711 --> 00:49:11,379
ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE THAT YOU

1307
00:49:11,379 --> 00:49:12,614
STARTED, IS THERE ANYTHING

1308
00:49:12,614 --> 00:49:13,815
FLOWING OUT IN THAT REGARD? I

1309
00:49:13,815 --> 00:49:17,886
UNDERSTAND THAT YOU GET MORE

1310
00:49:17,886 --> 00:49:19,154
WOMEN WHO ARE PARTICIPATING IN

1311
00:49:19,154 --> 00:49:20,722
THESE STUDIES, YOU BOTH SAID

1312
00:49:20,722 --> 00:49:23,391
THAT, BUT JUST OUT OF CURIOSITY,

1313
00:49:23,391 --> 00:49:25,393
IS THERE ANYTHING FALLING OUT IN

1314
00:49:25,393 --> 00:49:27,329
THE SEX? AND DOES IT CHANGE WITH

1315
00:49:27,329 --> 00:49:29,231
THE AGES OF THE PARTICIPANTS AS

1316
00:49:29,231 --> 00:49:30,799
WELL?

1317
00:49:30,799 --> 00:49:33,134
>> THAT IS A GREAT
QUESTION. WE

1318
00:49:33,134 --> 00:49:34,803
HAVEN'T LOOKED AT SEX

1319
00:49:34,803 --> 00:49:35,804
DIFFERENCES YET IN THOSE

1320
00:49:35,804 --> 00:49:37,706
STUDIES. I THINK IN OUR PAST

1321
00:49:37,706 --> 00:49:39,808
STUDIES WE FOUND THAT WE SEE

1322
00:49:39,808 --> 00:49:41,009
INTERVENTION EFFECTS FOR MALES

1323
00:49:41,009 --> 00:49:42,444
AND FEMALES THOUGH I THINK THE

1324
00:49:42,444 --> 00:49:45,514
LITERATURE SHOWS THAT MAYBE

1325
00:49:45,514 --> 00:49:46,748
FEMALES MAYBE MORE RESPONSIVE.

1326
00:49:46,748 --> 00:49:48,583
THE CONFOUNDING VARIABLE IS OF

1327
00:49:48,583 --> 00:49:49,951
COURSE LEVEL OF DRINKING IN THE

1328
00:49:49,951 --> 00:49:52,921
PAST, THOUGH THAT'S NOW MORE

1329
00:49:52,921 --> 00:49:55,490
SIMILAR. IN TERMS OF AGE, WE

1330
00:49:55,490 --> 00:49:57,726
HAVEN'T LOOKED AT AGE YET. I DO

1331
00:49:57,726 --> 00:49:58,760
THINK THAT FOR OUR STUDIES THAT

1332
00:49:58,760 --> 00:50:01,096
ARE USING SELECTIVE PREVENTION

1333
00:50:01,096 --> 00:50:03,198
AS ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA SORT OF

1334
00:50:03,198 --> 00:50:04,432
LEVELS THAT PLAYING FIELD A

1335
00:50:04,432 --> 00:50:08,270
LITTLE BIT.  BECAUSE IT IS YOUTH

1336
00:50:08,270 --> 00:50:10,238
SCREEN POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT

1337
00:50:10,238 --> 00:50:11,907
BEHAVIOR REGARDLESS OF AGE

1338
00:50:11,907 --> 00:50:13,041
HOWEVER DEFINITELY SOMETHING WE

1339
00:50:13,041 --> 00:50:14,609
WILL LOOK AT IN OUR STUDIES. 

1340
00:50:14,609 --> 00:50:16,511
SOMETIMES IT IS HARD TO DETECT

1341
00:50:16,511 --> 00:50:18,046
EFFECTS AMONG YOUNGER KIDS

1342
00:50:18,046 --> 00:50:19,281
ESPECIALLY LOWER LEVELS OF

1343
00:50:19,281 --> 00:50:22,684
DRINKING.  SO OBVIOUSLY POWERING

1344
00:50:22,684 --> 00:50:25,220
STUDIES FOR PREVENTION WOULD

1345
00:50:25,220 --> 00:50:27,088
LOWER LEVELS REQUIRES LARGER

1346
00:50:27,088 --> 00:50:28,657
SAMPLE SIZES SO GIVEN OUR SAMPLE

1347
00:50:28,657 --> 00:50:30,759
SIDES IN THAT STUDY, I'M NOT

1348
00:50:30,759 --> 00:50:32,494
SURE WE WILL LOOK AT THAT BUT IT

1349
00:50:32,494 --> 00:50:35,664
IS SOMETHING TO EXPLORE AND A

1350
00:50:35,664 --> 00:50:42,170
REALLY IMPORTANT QUESTION. 

1351
00:50:42,170 --> 00:50:46,541
>> I WAS INTRIGUED BY TWO

1352
00:50:46,541 --> 00:50:47,676
THINGS. I HAVE BEEN INTRIGUED

1353
00:50:47,676 --> 00:50:49,444
WITH PRINCIPLES OF

1354
00:50:49,444 --> 00:50:50,545
SELF-REGULATION AND ISSUE OF

1355
00:50:50,545 --> 00:50:54,916
STANDARDS AND SELF-REGULATION. 

1356
00:50:54,916 --> 00:50:59,054
MENTIONING FALSE CONSENSUS

1357
00:50:59,054 --> 00:51:02,958
EFFECT. IS IT NORMALIZED

1358
00:51:02,958 --> 00:51:04,526
PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK ADDRESSING

1359
00:51:04,526 --> 00:51:06,528
THAT? ARE YOU LOOKING AT WAYS TO

1360
00:51:06,528 --> 00:51:09,464
ADDRESS FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT

1361
00:51:09,464 --> 00:51:14,736
IS PROMINENT THINKING YOUNG

1362
00:51:14,736 --> 00:51:16,438
PEOPLE EVERYBODY IS DRINKING AS

1363
00:51:16,438 --> 00:51:18,206
MUCH OR MORE THAN I AM AND

1364
00:51:18,206 --> 00:51:20,609
WONDER WHAT YOU THOUGHT THERE.

1365
00:51:20,609 --> 00:51:22,077
>> THAT IS WHAT IT IS
DESIGNED

1366
00:51:22,077 --> 00:51:24,646
TO DO. PERSONALIZED NORM ACTIVE

1367
00:51:24,646 --> 00:51:26,181
FEEDBACK, WITHIN OUR

1368
00:51:26,181 --> 00:51:30,185
INTERVENTION WE RECRUIT HEAVIER

1369
00:51:30,185 --> 00:51:34,389
DRINKERS.  AND WITH THIS SOCIAL

1370
00:51:34,389 --> 00:51:37,158
MEDIA NORMALIZED FEEDBACK, THEY

1371
00:51:37,158 --> 00:51:38,159
HAVE TO BE HEAVIER POSTERS SO

1372
00:51:38,159 --> 00:51:42,664
BOTH CRITERIA. BUT WITHIN THE

1373
00:51:42,664 --> 00:51:43,765
LITERATURE WE FOUND BE ABLE TO

1374
00:51:43,765 --> 00:51:46,868
GIVE FEEDBACK ON THEIR DRINKING,

1375
00:51:46,868 --> 00:51:49,871
WHAT THINK THINK THE AVERAGE

1376
00:51:49,871 --> 00:51:51,406
STUDENT IS DRINKING AND ALSO

1377
00:51:51,406 --> 00:51:52,774
GIVING THEM ACTUAL PREVALENCE

1378
00:51:52,774 --> 00:51:54,109
RATE IS REALLY EFFECTIVE IN

1379
00:51:54,109 --> 00:51:58,613
TERMS OF REDUCING THE DRINKING. 

1380
00:51:58,613 --> 00:52:02,250
WE ALSO ADD THAT INFORMATION

1381
00:52:02,250 --> 00:52:03,585
ABOUT WHERE THEY FALL ON THE

1382
00:52:03,585 --> 00:52:05,787
SPECK RUM WHICH IS ALSO VERY

1383
00:52:05,787 --> 00:52:08,323
IMPACTFUL SO IT MAKES STUDENTS

1384
00:52:08,323 --> 00:52:11,426
THINK ABOUT THEIR DRINKING.  

1385
00:52:11,426 --> 00:52:13,328
ESPECIALLY GIVEN MOST HEAVIER

1386
00:52:13,328 --> 00:52:14,062
DRINKERS ARE PROBABLY

1387
00:52:14,062 --> 00:52:14,963
SURROUNDING THEMSELVES WITH

1388
00:52:14,963 --> 00:52:16,965
OTHER HEAVIER DRINKERS. WHY ARE

1389
00:52:16,965 --> 00:52:25,640
THEY SO DISCREPANT FROM THE

1390
00:52:25,640 --> 00:52:25,874
GROUP.

1391
00:52:25,874 --> 00:52:27,776
>> REALLY INTERESTING. A

1392
00:52:27,776 --> 00:52:30,845
QUESTION IS IN THE CHAT FROM

1393
00:52:30,845 --> 00:52:31,846
DEBRA, DO YOU FIND DIFFERENCES

1394
00:52:31,846 --> 00:52:36,918
WITH HIGH RISK GROUPS FOR X HIGH

1395
00:52:36,918 --> 00:52:38,586
ACES INDIVIDUALS I GUESS SHE

1396
00:52:38,586 --> 00:52:40,588
MEANS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EVENT

1397
00:52:40,588 --> 00:52:41,623
INDIVIDUALS?

1398
00:52:41,623 --> 00:52:43,558
>> THAT IS A WONDERFUL
QUESTION 

1399
00:52:43,558 --> 00:52:45,860
WE DON'T DIRECTLY ASSESS ACES IN

1400
00:52:45,860 --> 00:52:47,328
OUR WORK. HOWEVER WE ASSESS

1401
00:52:47,328 --> 00:52:48,997
MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS OF

1402
00:52:48,997 --> 00:52:50,632
ANXIETY ANDRE PRESENTATION. AND

1403
00:52:50,632 --> 00:52:51,666
DURING CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS

1404
00:52:51,666 --> 00:52:53,201
TRAUMA EXPERIENCES ARE

1405
00:52:53,201 --> 00:52:54,436
FREQUENTLY SOMETHING THAT THE

1406
00:52:54,436 --> 00:52:56,404
THERAPIST DEALS WITH IN THOSE

1407
00:52:56,404 --> 00:52:58,406
INTERVENTIONS. AND SO IT IS

1408
00:52:58,406 --> 00:52:59,874
REALLY IMPORTANT TO ASSESS

1409
00:52:59,874 --> 00:53:01,309
MENTAL HEALTH FACTORS AN REALLY

1410
00:53:01,309 --> 00:53:03,278
THINK ABOUT THAT AS INTEGRATION

1411
00:53:03,278 --> 00:53:04,846
IN THE INTERVENTIONS.  INCLUDING

1412
00:53:04,846 --> 00:53:10,318
CONNECTING PEOPLE WITH SERVICES

1413
00:53:10,318 --> 00:53:12,987
IN OVER TIME EXTENDING BEYOND

1414
00:53:12,987 --> 00:53:14,456
ALCOHOL INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS

1415
00:53:14,456 --> 00:53:17,058
EARLY CHILDHOOD INFLUENCES. 

1416
00:53:17,058 --> 00:53:19,894
>> DR. KOOB, DEB IS ON OUR
TEAM,

1417
00:53:19,894 --> 00:53:21,563
THE ONE RELAYING THE QUESTIONS

1418
00:53:21,563 --> 00:53:23,098
ALONG SO DEB IF YOU WOULD YOU

1419
00:53:23,098 --> 00:53:25,033
MIGHT BE ABLE TO ASK, MENTION

1420
00:53:25,033 --> 00:53:26,101
THE PERSON ASKING IT, THAT'S

1421
00:53:26,101 --> 00:53:26,901
GOOD. 

1422
00:53:26,901 --> 00:53:29,571
>> I THINK THAT WAS FROM
DEB

1423
00:53:29,571 --> 00:53:32,841
POSSIBLY. ANYWAY, WE HAVE A NEW

1424
00:53:32,841 --> 00:53:35,243
QUESTION FROM TIMOTHY HUG GINS.

1425
00:53:35,243 --> 00:53:40,415
HOW CAN HIGH SCHOOLS USE THESE

1426
00:53:40,415 --> 00:53:43,251
PROGRAMS? MAYBE MAI-LY START

1427
00:53:43,251 --> 00:53:44,052
WITH YOU THEN MAUREEN.

1428
00:53:44,052 --> 00:53:46,488
>> OKAY. WE ARE USING

1429
00:53:46,488 --> 00:53:49,224
PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE FEEDBACK

1430
00:53:49,224 --> 00:53:50,725
INTERVENTIONS WITHIN THE COLLEGE

1431
00:53:50,725 --> 00:53:52,594
CONTEXT. AND SOMETIMES THESE ARE

1432
00:53:52,594 --> 00:53:57,465
EVEN COMPUTERIZED INTERVENTIONS.

1433
00:53:57,465 --> 00:53:59,834
SO I THINK IT CAN BE EASILY

1434
00:53:59,834 --> 00:54:01,836
TRANSLATED TO THE HIGH SCHOOL

1435
00:54:01,836 --> 00:54:04,405
CONTEXT IN THE SENSE WE COULD

1436
00:54:04,405 --> 00:54:07,942
DERIVE NORMS FROM THE HIGH

1437
00:54:07,942 --> 00:54:11,479
SCHOOL AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK

1438
00:54:11,479 --> 00:54:13,882
RELATED TO THAT PARTICULAR HIGH

1439
00:54:13,882 --> 00:54:16,217
SCHOOL TO TARGET HEAVY DRINKING

1440
00:54:16,217 --> 00:54:18,386
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. WE CAN

1441
00:54:18,386 --> 00:54:20,255
ALSO LOOK AT THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA

1442
00:54:20,255 --> 00:54:22,056
COSTS AND PROVIDE THEM WITH

1443
00:54:22,056 --> 00:54:25,727
FEEDBACK REGARDING THAT AS WELL 

1444
00:54:25,727 --> 00:54:27,896
>> MAUREEN, A CRACK AT
THAT ONE

1445
00:54:27,896 --> 00:54:28,062
TOO?

1446
00:54:28,062 --> 00:54:32,133
>> SURE. I KNOW SOME
PEOPLE ARE

1447
00:54:32,133 --> 00:54:34,669
TALKING INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL

1448
00:54:34,669 --> 00:54:35,904
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN SCHOOL

1449
00:54:35,904 --> 00:54:37,639
HEALTH CLINICS NOT AVAILABLE IN

1450
00:54:37,639 --> 00:54:39,073
ALL SCHOOLS. HIGH SCHOOLS

1451
00:54:39,073 --> 00:54:40,542
CLEARLY BUT THAT CUB AN EXCITING

1452
00:54:40,542 --> 00:54:43,411
AREA FOR IMPLEMENTATION. THERE

1453
00:54:43,411 --> 00:54:45,814
IS WORK IN THE OPIOID PREVENTION

1454
00:54:45,814 --> 00:54:48,049
SPACE INTEGRATING APPS FOR

1455
00:54:48,049 --> 00:54:50,485
EXAMPLE, INTO SCHOOL HEALTH

1456
00:54:50,485 --> 00:54:53,321
CENTERS SO THAT WOULD BE ONE

1457
00:54:53,321 --> 00:54:54,355
STARTING PLACE AS A DOOR TO

1458
00:54:54,355 --> 00:54:57,826
ENTER.  FOR DELIVERY OF THESE

1459
00:54:57,826 --> 00:54:59,727
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INTERVENTIONS. 

1460
00:54:59,727 --> 00:55:00,962
SO I WOULD LOVE TO SEE MORE WORK

1461
00:55:00,962 --> 00:55:02,163
IN THAT AREA INTEGRATION INTO

1462
00:55:02,163 --> 00:55:07,402
SCHOOLS. 

1463
00:55:07,402 --> 00:55:10,271
>> I THINK BOTH OF YOU
THIS IS

1464
00:55:10,271 --> 00:55:13,374
REALLY IMPORTANT STEP FORWARD IN

1465
00:55:13,374 --> 00:55:15,910
THE FUTURE. ANOTHER QUESTION

1466
00:55:15,910 --> 00:55:18,780
FROM PATRICIA OGORMAN.  THOUGHTS

1467
00:55:18,780 --> 00:55:20,415
ON TARGETING TECH MESSAGES

1468
00:55:20,415 --> 00:55:23,117
AROUND CULTURAL EVENTS SUCH AS

1469
00:55:23,117 --> 00:55:25,153
SAINT PATRICK'S DAY? AGAIN

1470
00:55:25,153 --> 00:55:26,921
MAI-LY AND THEN MAUREEN.

1471
00:55:26,921 --> 00:55:32,994
>> I THINK WE CAN PROBABLY

1472
00:55:32,994 --> 00:55:35,630
PROVIDE SOCIAL NORM TYPE OF

1473
00:55:35,630 --> 00:55:39,467
FEEDBACK LIKE WITH REGARDS TO

1474
00:55:39,467 --> 00:55:41,102
DRINKING RESPONSIBLY. I THINK

1475
00:55:41,102 --> 00:55:42,871
YOU CAN PROBABLY DEVISE MORE

1476
00:55:42,871 --> 00:55:43,938
TEXT MESSAGE CAMPAIGN REGARDING

1477
00:55:43,938 --> 00:55:49,344
THAT. SO WE CAN THINK OF

1478
00:55:49,344 --> 00:55:54,148
MESSAGES SUCH AS THE AVERAGE

1479
00:55:54,148 --> 00:56:00,188
BIPOLAR STUDENT MIGHT CONSUME X

1480
00:56:00,188 --> 00:56:02,590
NUMBER OF ALCOHOL BEVERAGES AND

1481
00:56:02,590 --> 00:56:04,259
SAY DURING SAINT PATRICK'S DAY,

1482
00:56:04,259 --> 00:56:07,228
HOWEVER THIS CREATES REALLY HIGH

1483
00:56:07,228 --> 00:56:08,763
BAC LEVEL AND ALSO GIVE FEEDBACK

1484
00:56:08,763 --> 00:56:10,865
ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES. YOU

1485
00:56:10,865 --> 00:56:12,934
MIGHT WANT TO HAVE SOMETHING

1486
00:56:12,934 --> 00:56:14,202
LIKE A TEXT MESSAGE THAT SAYS

1487
00:56:14,202 --> 00:56:15,737
THINK BEFORE YOU DRINK, THAT

1488
00:56:15,737 --> 00:56:19,307
KIND OF THING. OR ALSO PROVIDE

1489
00:56:19,307 --> 00:56:21,643
THEM WILL THE PROTECTIVE

1490
00:56:21,643 --> 00:56:24,612
BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES THEY CAN

1491
00:56:24,612 --> 00:56:25,880
UTILIZE DURING THE SAINT

1492
00:56:25,880 --> 00:56:28,950
PATRICK'S DAY EVENT OR ENCOURAGE

1493
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:31,252
THEM TO NOT ENGAGE IN BEHAVIORS

1494
00:56:31,252 --> 00:56:35,256
LIKE DRUNK DRIVING, SO FORTH. 

1495
00:56:35,256 --> 00:56:36,958
>> MAUREEN, IN I OTHER
THOUGHTS

1496
00:56:36,958 --> 00:56:38,192
ON THAT?

1497
00:56:38,192 --> 00:56:41,062
>> I WHOLEHEARTEDLY AGREE.
IT IS

1498
00:56:41,062 --> 00:56:44,399
REALLY ADDRESSING THE WHY AND

1499
00:56:44,399 --> 00:56:47,135
THE HOW. WHY THEY ARE ENGAGING

1500
00:56:47,135 --> 00:56:49,103
IN THESE BEHAVIORS AND REMINDING

1501
00:56:49,103 --> 00:56:50,204
THEM OF STRENGTHS AND REASONS

1502
00:56:50,204 --> 00:56:53,341
AND GOALS NOT TO HAVE THESE

1503
00:56:53,341 --> 00:56:57,111
CONSEQUENCES AND THEN HOW CHANGE

1504
00:56:57,111 --> 00:56:58,112
FOR PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORAL

1505
00:56:58,112 --> 00:56:59,147
STRATEGIES AND OTHER SKILLS TO

1506
00:56:59,147 --> 00:57:00,815
REDUCE HARM FROM THESE EVENTS

1507
00:57:00,815 --> 00:57:04,686
AND WHETHER SAINT SAINT PATRICKY

1508
00:57:04,686 --> 00:57:06,254
OR PARTY ON THE WEEKEND OR

1509
00:57:06,254 --> 00:57:08,356
VARIETY OF FACTORS.  MEGHAN

1510
00:57:08,356 --> 00:57:09,490
PATRICK UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

1511
00:57:09,490 --> 00:57:10,825
HAS DONE WORK WITH SPRING BREAK

1512
00:57:10,825 --> 00:57:12,927
AND TURNING 21 AND SOME OF THOSE

1513
00:57:12,927 --> 00:57:13,695
EVENTS WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS AS

1514
00:57:13,695 --> 00:57:16,331
WELL. 

1515
00:57:16,331 --> 00:57:18,967
>> JUST REMIND ME PATRICK

1516
00:57:18,967 --> 00:57:23,271
KENNEDY THIS PAST YEAR WAS THE

1517
00:57:23,271 --> 00:57:25,640
WHATEVER YOU CALL IT FOR THE

1518
00:57:25,640 --> 00:57:27,875
SAINT PATRICK'S DAY SOBER SAINT

1519
00:57:27,875 --> 00:57:30,545
PATRICK'S DAY PARADE IN BOSTON.

1520
00:57:30,545 --> 00:57:35,616
HE DECIDED TO DO A COUNTER

1521
00:57:35,616 --> 00:57:41,556
CULTURE RESPONSE AND ASKED US

1522
00:57:41,556 --> 00:57:43,524
FOR MATERIALS. I HAVEN'T GOTTEN

1523
00:57:43,524 --> 00:57:44,993
FEEDBACK FROM HIM ON HOW IT BENT

1524
00:57:44,993 --> 00:57:47,528
BUT ASSUMING KNOWING HIS CHARM

1525
00:57:47,528 --> 00:57:51,299
AND CAPACITY FOR GETTING

1526
00:57:51,299 --> 00:57:52,867
MESSAGES ACROSS, IT PROBABLY WAS

1527
00:57:52,867 --> 00:57:56,204
A SUCCESS.  TRISH POWELL IS

1528
00:57:56,204 --> 00:57:59,173
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF NIAAA. I

1529
00:57:59,173 --> 00:58:00,174
THINK YOU COULD ACTUALLY UNMUTE

1530
00:58:00,174 --> 00:58:03,277
AND ASK YOUR QUESTION YOURSELF. 

1531
00:58:03,277 --> 00:58:04,178
OR YOU CAN READ IT.

1532
00:58:04,178 --> 00:58:07,582
>> I WAS KIND OF CURIOUS,
SOME

1533
00:58:07,582 --> 00:58:09,050
INDIVIDUALS WERE USING SOCIAL

1534
00:58:09,050 --> 00:58:11,819
MEDIA AROUND HOW YOU DRINK IN TO

1535
00:58:11,819 --> 00:58:13,855
EITHER OBTAIN OR MAINTAIN

1536
00:58:13,855 --> 00:58:15,890
STATUS, SO IT IS IN THEIR BEST

1537
00:58:15,890 --> 00:58:17,692
INTEREST TO HAVE PEOPLE THINK

1538
00:58:17,692 --> 00:58:18,926
THIS IS COOL BEHAVIOR AND KEEP

1539
00:58:18,926 --> 00:58:21,996
THE NORMALIZED VIEW THAT THE

1540
00:58:21,996 --> 00:58:24,532
DRINKING IS WHAT EVERYONE DOES.

1541
00:58:24,532 --> 00:58:25,867
CURIOUS HOW YOU -- IF YOU CAN

1542
00:58:25,867 --> 00:58:29,270
REACH THOSE PEOPLE AND HOW YOU

1543
00:58:29,270 --> 00:58:32,507
DIFFUSE THAT BEHAVIOR.

1544
00:58:32,507 --> 00:58:37,612
>> WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
USING

1545
00:58:37,612 --> 00:58:39,480
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A STATUS, IT IS

1546
00:58:39,480 --> 00:58:44,852
VERY RICKY BECAUSE YOU OBVIOUSLY

1547
00:58:44,852 --> 00:58:46,754
-- IF THEY STOP (INAUDIBLE) IT

1548
00:58:46,754 --> 00:58:48,723
MIGHT BE TAKING THEM AWAY FROM

1549
00:58:48,723 --> 00:58:49,590
THEIR SOCIAL GROUP IN MANY

1550
00:58:49,590 --> 00:58:52,060
WAYSES SO THAT IS VERY DIFFICULT

1551
00:58:52,060 --> 00:58:54,595
TO TACKLE. BUT I THINK ONE OF

1552
00:58:54,595 --> 00:58:55,363
THE THINGS WE HAVE BEEN TRYING

1553
00:58:55,363 --> 00:58:58,099
TO DO IS TRYING TO GET STUDENTS

1554
00:58:58,099 --> 00:59:00,368
TO THINK WHY THEIR BEHAVIORS AND

1555
00:59:00,368 --> 00:59:03,905
DRINKING ARE SO DISCREPANT AND

1556
00:59:03,905 --> 00:59:06,874
WHAT IS DRIVING THAT BEHAVIOR.

1557
00:59:06,874 --> 00:59:08,743
OFTEN TIMES THE RESPONSES WE GET

1558
00:59:08,743 --> 00:59:10,511
FROM STUDENTS ARE THAT THEIR

1559
00:59:10,511 --> 00:59:12,513
SOCIAL GROUP IS DRIVING

1560
00:59:12,513 --> 00:59:14,148
BEHAVIBEHAVIOR. IF THEY ARE

1561
00:59:14,148 --> 00:59:16,918
EXPERIENCES CONSEQUENCES AS A

1562
00:59:16,918 --> 00:59:18,152
RESULT THEN KIND OF GET THEM TO

1563
00:59:18,152 --> 00:59:21,722
TRY TO THINK DEEPER AS TO IS

1564
00:59:21,722 --> 00:59:24,792
REALLY THE SOCIAL GROUP YOU

1565
00:59:24,792 --> 00:59:26,360
MIGHT WAN TO BE ALIGNING

1566
00:59:26,360 --> 00:59:29,564
YOURSELF WITH AND SO FORTH?

1567
00:59:29,564 --> 00:59:31,532
ESPECIALLY IF KIND OF THE ONLY

1568
00:59:31,532 --> 00:59:32,967
CONNECTION YOU HAVE WITH THEM IS

1569
00:59:32,967 --> 00:59:35,136
AROUND ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOL

1570
00:59:35,136 --> 00:59:38,339
RELATED POSTS. WE TRY TO GET

1571
00:59:38,339 --> 00:59:42,176
THEM TO GET THINGS DEEPER ABOUT

1572
00:59:42,176 --> 00:59:42,376
THAT.

1573
00:59:42,376 --> 00:59:46,514
>> MAUREEN, DO YOU SEE
SAME

1574
00:59:46,514 --> 00:59:48,382
QUESTION TO YOU. DO YOU SEE

1575
00:59:48,382 --> 00:59:51,686
DIFFERENCES IN THE VIOLENCE WITH

1576
00:59:51,686 --> 00:59:53,788
PEOPLE SOCIAL STATUS HAS THAT

1577
00:59:53,788 --> 00:59:58,392
BEEN LOOKED AT?

1578
00:59:58,392 --> 01:00:00,428
>> I THINK THERE ARE
DEFINITELY

1579
01:00:00,428 --> 01:00:04,132
DIFFERENCES IN REASONS AND POWER

1580
01:00:04,132 --> 01:00:05,500
IS ONE POTENTIAL REASON FOR

1581
01:00:05,500 --> 01:00:07,168
VIOLENCE. HOWEVER THE MAJORITY

1582
01:00:07,168 --> 01:00:08,736
OF THE REASON IS PROTECTION.

1583
01:00:08,736 --> 01:00:10,204
GIVEN THE SITUATIONS PEOPLE ARE

1584
01:00:10,204 --> 01:00:12,473
INVOLVED IN. SO I THINK IT IS A

1585
01:00:12,473 --> 01:00:14,041
LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT IN THAT

1586
01:00:14,041 --> 01:00:15,943
REGARD. .  SO THERE IS A REAL

1587
01:00:15,943 --> 01:00:17,245
SAFETY ISSUE THAT MANY OF OUR

1588
01:00:17,245 --> 01:00:20,648
YOUNG PEOPLE ARE FACING IN THIS

1589
01:00:20,648 --> 01:00:21,983
COUNTRY. SO IT IS REALLY A

1590
01:00:21,983 --> 01:00:24,519
PROTECTION MOTIVATION I WOULD

1591
01:00:24,519 --> 01:00:26,053
SAY.

1592
01:00:26,053 --> 01:00:31,225
>> REALLY INTERESTING.
ANGELA

1593
01:00:31,225 --> 01:00:34,061
HAS A QUESTION. WHAT FUNDING

1594
01:00:34,061 --> 01:00:37,598
OPPORTUNITIES EXIST THAT UTILIZE

1595
01:00:37,598 --> 01:00:40,568
TECHNOLOGY OR LLNs FOR

1596
01:00:40,568 --> 01:00:41,802
ADDRESSING ALCOHOL USE DISORDER,

1597
01:00:41,802 --> 01:00:43,704
OTHER SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER? I

1598
01:00:43,704 --> 01:00:44,805
DON'T KNOW IF THAT IS IS A

1599
01:00:44,805 --> 01:00:49,877
QUESTION FOR YOU OR ME. WHAT IS

1600
01:00:49,877 --> 01:00:52,413
AN LLM? AND THEN MAYBE WE CAN

1601
01:00:52,413 --> 01:00:57,185
ADD TO THE QUESTION.  ANYBODY

1602
01:00:57,185 --> 01:00:57,385
KNOW?

1603
01:00:57,385 --> 01:01:03,024
>>

1604
01:01:03,024 --> 01:01:05,793
>> WELL, I CAN PARTIALLY
ANSWER

1605
01:01:05,793 --> 01:01:08,563
THE QUESTION BY SAYING WE HAVE A

1606
01:01:08,563 --> 01:01:10,398
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATIVE

1607
01:01:10,398 --> 01:01:16,671
RESEARCH PROGRAM AT NIAAA. IT IS

1608
01:01:16,671 --> 01:01:19,373
ALSO SOMETHING WHERE YOU PAIR UP

1609
01:01:19,373 --> 01:01:24,412
WITH INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIC

1610
01:01:24,412 --> 01:01:27,348
INSTITUTION. AND YOU CAN DEVELOP

1611
01:01:27,348 --> 01:01:30,251
A PRODUCT AND THAT MONEY FOR

1612
01:01:30,251 --> 01:01:31,385
THIS PROGRAM DOES NOT COME OUT

1613
01:01:31,385 --> 01:01:34,255
OF RO1 GRANT POOL, IT COMES FROM

1614
01:01:34,255 --> 01:01:42,163
A SEPARATE POOL.  THAT WE HAVE

1615
01:01:42,163 --> 01:01:47,201
EVERY YEAR. IT IS FUNDED AND

1616
01:01:47,201 --> 01:01:49,170
VERY ACTIVE PROGRAM SO ANYONE

1617
01:01:49,170 --> 01:01:50,972
INTERESTED IN OUR SBIR PROGRAM

1618
01:01:50,972 --> 01:01:53,441
OR STTR PROGRAM, YOU CAN

1619
01:01:53,441 --> 01:01:56,644
CONTACT/GO ON OUR WEBSITE AND

1620
01:01:56,644 --> 01:01:59,480
CONTACT MEGHAN RYAN AT NIAAA. I

1621
01:01:59,480 --> 01:02:01,282
DON'T KNOW WHETHER EITHER OF YOU

1622
01:02:01,282 --> 01:02:01,983
HAVE COMMENTS ABOUT THAT

1623
01:02:01,983 --> 01:02:11,392
QUESTION. SO I TOOK CARE OF THAT

1624
01:02:11,392 --> 01:02:15,963
ONE I GUESS IF YOU HAVE A BASIC

1625
01:02:15,963 --> 01:02:17,298
RESEARCH QUESTION YOU CAN WRITE

1626
01:02:17,298 --> 01:02:23,638
AN R21 OR RO1 TO GET FUNDING OR

1627
01:02:23,638 --> 01:02:25,306
RO 3. THOSE ARE SMALL GRANTS

1628
01:02:25,306 --> 01:02:30,845
THAT GET YOU STARTED, WITHOUT --

1629
01:02:30,845 --> 01:02:34,015
R21 CAN BE WORK DEVOTED TO

1630
01:02:34,015 --> 01:02:37,218
DEVELOPING AN RO1 AND THEN RO1

1631
01:02:37,218 --> 01:02:42,890
IS A REGULAR GRANT MECHANISM. 

1632
01:02:42,890 --> 01:02:45,326
ROCHELLE MEYERS HOFFMAN, THANK

1633
01:02:45,326 --> 01:02:47,228
YOU PRESENTERS AND NIH FOR

1634
01:02:47,228 --> 01:02:48,429
HOSTING THIS MUCH NEEDED

1635
01:02:48,429 --> 01:02:52,533
WEBCAST. I'M A NON-PROFIT

1636
01:02:52,533 --> 01:02:54,368
COMMUNITY/FAITH ORGANIZATION IN

1637
01:02:54,368 --> 01:02:58,506
NEW JERSEY. HOW CAN UNDERSERVED

1638
01:02:58,506 --> 01:03:03,444
OVERLOOKED AND LOW MODERATE

1639
01:03:03,444 --> 01:03:04,211
COMMUNITIES USE THIS

1640
01:03:04,211 --> 01:03:06,247
INFORMATION? COMMUNITIES IN IN

1641
01:03:06,247 --> 01:03:09,750
NEW JERSEY HAVE NINE LIQUOR

1642
01:03:09,750 --> 01:03:13,020
STORES IN CROSS PROXIMITY WITH

1643
01:03:13,020 --> 01:03:13,854
ELEMENTARY SLASH HIGH SCHOOLS.

1644
01:03:13,854 --> 01:03:16,891
YOU WANT TO ADDRESS THAT FIRST,

1645
01:03:16,891 --> 01:03:20,661
GO TO MAI-LY?

1646
01:03:20,661 --> 01:03:22,029
>> IT IS A WONDERFUL
QUESTION,

1647
01:03:22,029 --> 01:03:23,197
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO HAVE

1648
01:03:23,197 --> 01:03:25,533
IMPACT IS TO PARTNER WITH LOCAL

1649
01:03:25,533 --> 01:03:26,734
COMMUNITY FOLKS THAT ARE BOOTS

1650
01:03:26,734 --> 01:03:30,371
ON THE GROUND. IN MICHIGAN WE

1651
01:03:30,371 --> 01:03:33,074
PARTNER WITH INJURY PREVENTION

1652
01:03:33,074 --> 01:03:34,942
CENTER AND STATE GOVERNMENT TO

1653
01:03:34,942 --> 01:03:36,077
HELP ROLL OUT INTERVENTIONS IN

1654
01:03:36,077 --> 01:03:39,513
COMMUNITY SETTINGS. SO WE ARE A

1655
01:03:39,513 --> 01:03:40,748
BELIEVER IN SHARING EVERYTHING

1656
01:03:40,748 --> 01:03:44,618
THAT WE DEVELOPED. SO I KNOW ONE

1657
01:03:44,618 --> 01:03:46,587
ADVICE IS A PLACE TO START,

1658
01:03:46,587 --> 01:03:49,590
OBVIOUSLY IF INTERESTED IN TEAMS

1659
01:03:49,590 --> 01:03:52,026
PLEASE CONTACT ME IF YOU ARE

1660
01:03:52,026 --> 01:03:53,260
INTERESTED AND OTHERS ALCOHOL

1661
01:03:53,260 --> 01:03:54,562
FOCUS PREVENTION PROGRAMS NICE

1662
01:03:54,562 --> 01:03:57,031
PLACE TO START IS YOUR LOCAL

1663
01:03:57,031 --> 01:03:57,832
UNIVERSITY OR STATE HEALTH

1664
01:03:57,832 --> 01:03:58,866
DEPARTMENT AND GUESSING YOU

1665
01:03:58,866 --> 01:04:01,335
MAYBE ALREADY PLUGGED INTO

1666
01:04:01,335 --> 01:04:04,672
THOSE. OUR WORK FOCUS ON

1667
01:04:04,672 --> 01:04:06,741
DELIVERY HEALTHCARE SETTINGS TO

1668
01:04:06,741 --> 01:04:08,676
ADDRESS THE FRONT DOOR OF

1669
01:04:08,676 --> 01:04:10,544
CONNECTING WITH YOUNG PEOPLE IS

1670
01:04:10,544 --> 01:04:14,715
ONE PLACE TO START. SO SOMETIMES

1671
01:04:14,715 --> 01:04:17,585
YOUR LOCAL HEALTH CLINICS AND

1672
01:04:17,585 --> 01:04:20,454
THINGS LIKE THAT ARE WAY TO

1673
01:04:20,454 --> 01:04:22,356
PARTNER AND FIGURE WHAT ISING BE

1674
01:04:22,356 --> 01:04:25,192
DONE IN THIS SPACE IN YOUR

1675
01:04:25,192 --> 01:04:27,828
COMMUNITY SO THAT YOU CAN

1676
01:04:27,828 --> 01:04:28,429
ORGANIZE TOGETHER THE POLICE

1677
01:04:28,429 --> 01:04:29,063
DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS THAT ARE

1678
01:04:29,063 --> 01:04:31,699
EVIDENCE BASED.  THAT IS AN

1679
01:04:31,699 --> 01:04:33,167
UNSATISFYING ANSWER, WISH I HAD

1680
01:04:33,167 --> 01:04:35,302
A MORE CLEAR ANSWER FOR YOUR

1681
01:04:35,302 --> 01:04:36,537
COMMUNITY IN NEW JERSEY. 

1682
01:04:36,537 --> 01:04:42,676
>> MAI-LY, YOU WANT TO
TAKE A

1683
01:04:42,676 --> 01:04:44,278
>> YEAH. I THINK ONE THING
THAT

1684
01:04:44,278 --> 01:04:47,047
WE ARE HOPING IS THAT PEOPLE

1685
01:04:47,047 --> 01:04:48,783
WILL BE ABLE TO USE FOR INSTANCE

1686
01:04:48,783 --> 01:04:52,319
OUR ASSESSMENT TOOL WE DEVELOPED

1687
01:04:52,319 --> 01:04:53,854
IN ORDER TO STIMULATE

1688
01:04:53,854 --> 01:04:55,055
CONVERSATIONS ABOUT YOUNG PEOPLE

1689
01:04:55,055 --> 01:04:58,392
SOCIAL MEDIA USE. AND THEIR

1690
01:04:58,392 --> 01:04:59,427
DRINKING AND EXACTLY WHY THEY

1691
01:04:59,427 --> 01:05:01,195
ARE DOING WHAT THEY ARE DOING.  

1692
01:05:01,195 --> 01:05:03,431
AND I THINK THAT CAN BE STILL

1693
01:05:03,431 --> 01:05:05,533
UTILIZED WITHIN A COMMUNITY

1694
01:05:05,533 --> 01:05:08,736
SETTING AND DOESN'T REQUIRE A

1695
01:05:08,736 --> 01:05:12,907
LOT OF MONEY OR ANYTHING LIKE

1696
01:05:12,907 --> 01:05:14,475
THAT.  JUST HAVING ACCESS TO

1697
01:05:14,475 --> 01:05:19,346
ASSESSMENT TOOL. 

1698
01:05:19,346 --> 01:05:22,249
>> AND JUST EXTEND THIS A
LITTLE

1699
01:05:22,249 --> 01:05:23,617
OUTSIDE OF THE REALM OF DIGITAL

1700
01:05:23,617 --> 01:05:27,588
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDIA, WE

1701
01:05:27,588 --> 01:05:29,590
DO HAVE COLLEGE AIM THAT IS SENT

1702
01:05:29,590 --> 01:05:31,625
TO EVERY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

1703
01:05:31,625 --> 01:05:34,895
IN THE COUNTRY WHICH OUTLINES

1704
01:05:34,895 --> 01:05:36,564
PREVENTION PROGRAMS INDIVIDUAL

1705
01:05:36,564 --> 01:05:38,599
ONES USED ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES

1706
01:05:38,599 --> 01:05:40,668
BUT ALSO COMMUNITY BASED

1707
01:05:40,668 --> 01:05:41,969
INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE

1708
01:05:41,969 --> 01:05:44,104
EFFECTIVE. YOU CAN REACH BACK TO

1709
01:05:44,104 --> 01:05:46,974
OUR WEBSITE AND PLAN HOW TO

1710
01:05:46,974 --> 01:05:51,111
CONNECT TO THAT. WHILE DIRECTED

1711
01:05:51,111 --> 01:05:53,247
AT ADMINISTRATORS AT COLLEGES

1712
01:05:53,247 --> 01:05:55,850
AND UNIVERSITY I WOULD THINK ANY

1713
01:05:55,850 --> 01:05:56,750
PARENT WOULD BE INTERESTED IN

1714
01:05:56,750 --> 01:05:59,386
LOOKING AGENT THAT IF THEY ARE

1715
01:05:59,386 --> 01:06:01,155
CENTER SENDING JOHN OR SALLY TO

1716
01:06:01,155 --> 01:06:04,792
A UNIVERSITY OR COLLE COLLEGE. T

1717
01:06:04,792 --> 01:06:07,228
TOLD ME LLN IS A LEARNING

1718
01:06:07,228 --> 01:06:12,266
LANGUAGE MODEL. LLM.

1719
01:06:12,266 --> 01:06:14,435
>> THIS IS FRED. I WANT TO

1720
01:06:14,435 --> 01:06:15,936
REMIND FOLKS AT YOUR INSTRUCTION

1721
01:06:15,936 --> 01:06:20,274
WE EXTRACTED INTERVENTIONS OUT

1722
01:06:20,274 --> 01:06:22,543
OF THAT COLLEGE AIM THAT COULD

1723
01:06:22,543 --> 01:06:24,912
BE EFFECTIVE FOR ANY YOUNG

1724
01:06:24,912 --> 01:06:26,046
ADULTS THAT ALSO ON OUR WEBSITE

1725
01:06:26,046 --> 01:06:29,250
SO A YOUNG ADULT INTERVENTION

1726
01:06:29,250 --> 01:06:30,718
LIST BASED ON THE COLLEGE AIM.

1727
01:06:30,718 --> 01:06:34,255
THAT IS ANOTHER RESOURCE WE HAVE

1728
01:06:34,255 --> 01:06:35,723
AVAILABLE ON OUR SITE.

1729
01:06:35,723 --> 01:06:39,059
>> HOPE SOME DAY -- THANKS
FRED.

1730
01:06:39,059 --> 01:06:41,595
FORGOT TO MENTION. WE HOPE SOME

1731
01:06:41,595 --> 01:06:43,964
DAY WHAT Y'ALL -- YOU TOO ARE

1732
01:06:43,964 --> 01:06:47,568
WORKING ON AND OTHERS WILL BE

1733
01:06:47,568 --> 01:06:51,238
INCORPORATED INTO THESE EFFORTS.

1734
01:06:51,238 --> 01:06:53,207
WE RECENTLY DID UPDATE COLLEGE

1735
01:06:53,207 --> 01:06:57,111
AIM I GUESS A YEAR AGO OR SO. SO

1736
01:06:57,111 --> 01:06:59,079
LLM IS A TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL

1737
01:06:59,079 --> 01:07:02,349
INTELLIGENCE. I'M LEARNING A FEW

1738
01:07:02,349 --> 01:07:04,985
THINGS HERE TODAY MYSELF. THERE

1739
01:07:04,985 --> 01:07:09,890
IS A QUESTION FOR

1740
01:07:09,890 --> 01:07:10,491
(INDISCERNIBLE) DO YOU THINK

1741
01:07:10,491 --> 01:07:12,226
THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO

1742
01:07:12,226 --> 01:07:18,599
CAPITALIZE ON THE SOBER CURIOUS

1743
01:07:18,599 --> 01:07:21,802
MOVEMENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA, USING

1744
01:07:21,802 --> 01:07:24,805
NON-ALCOHOL CONTAINING LIQUIDS

1745
01:07:24,805 --> 01:07:26,540
SHOWING YOU CAN MAINTAIN THE

1746
01:07:26,540 --> 01:07:28,442
QUOTE UNQUOTE FUN AND SOCIAL

1747
01:07:28,442 --> 01:07:30,110
IMAGE WHILE REDUCING DRINKING OR

1748
01:07:30,110 --> 01:07:31,779
IS THE THOUGHT THAT THIS IS

1749
01:07:31,779 --> 01:07:33,347
STILL PROMOTING THE DRINKING

1750
01:07:33,347 --> 01:07:37,651
CULTURE? CURIOUS MYSELF TO YOUR

1751
01:07:37,651 --> 01:07:39,954
THOUGHTS ON THIS. I WILL IN A

1752
01:07:39,954 --> 01:07:45,392
COUPLE OF WEEKS LAUNCH OUR

1753
01:07:45,392 --> 01:07:53,233
ANNUAL PRESS INTERVIEW MARATHON

1754
01:07:53,233 --> 01:07:55,536
I DO ONCE A YEAR IN DRY OCTOBER

1755
01:07:55,536 --> 01:07:56,971
AND DRY JANUARY, WE ALWAYS DO IT

1756
01:07:56,971 --> 01:08:01,709
IN JANUARY TO CATCH DRY JANUARY.

1757
01:08:01,709 --> 01:08:02,977
MAI-LY, START ON THIS ONE?

1758
01:08:02,977 --> 01:08:05,112
>> I THINK IT ABSOLUTELY

1759
01:08:05,112 --> 01:08:06,880
POSSIBLE. IN FACT WE ARE LOOKING

1760
01:08:06,880 --> 01:08:12,019
AT AN APPLICATION RIGHT NOW TO

1761
01:08:12,019 --> 01:08:13,721
DELVE IN THIS PARTICULAR ISSUE.

1762
01:08:13,721 --> 01:08:20,361
AS YOU MENTION DRY JAN IS A

1763
01:08:20,361 --> 01:08:23,597
WIDELY SOCIAL MEDIA MOVEMENT

1764
01:08:23,597 --> 01:08:26,266
WITHIN THE UK AND I THINK WE CAN

1765
01:08:26,266 --> 01:08:27,601
DEFINITELY HARNESS SOMETHING

1766
01:08:27,601 --> 01:08:31,338
SIMILAR IN THE U.S.  I DON'T

1767
01:08:31,338 --> 01:08:34,108
THINK IT PROMOTES DRINKING JUST

1768
01:08:34,108 --> 01:08:37,745
BECAUSE YOU ARE PROMOTING MOCK

1769
01:08:37,745 --> 01:08:39,980
TAILS AND SO FORTH BECAUSE YOU

1770
01:08:39,980 --> 01:08:43,684
ARE STILL SHARING INFORMATION

1771
01:08:43,684 --> 01:08:47,755
THAT PROMOTES MORE REDUCTION OF

1772
01:08:47,755 --> 01:08:49,323
DRINKING AND HOW YOU CAN

1773
01:08:49,323 --> 01:08:53,727
SUPPLEMENT AND BE SOCIAL. IN A

1774
01:08:53,727 --> 01:08:54,395
SOCIAL CONTEXT WITHOUT THE

1775
01:08:54,395 --> 01:08:57,464
DRINKING.

1776
01:08:57,464 --> 01:09:00,134
I THINK FOR ME, IT IS FAIRLY

1777
01:09:00,134 --> 01:09:01,168
BENEFICIAL.

1778
01:09:01,168 --> 01:09:02,703
>> MAUREEN?

1779
01:09:02,703 --> 01:09:06,874
>> I COMPLETELY AGREE. IN
OUR

1780
01:09:06,874 --> 01:09:08,509
INTERVENTIONS WE ALWAYS

1781
01:09:08,509 --> 01:09:10,544
INCORPORATE PEER INFLUENCES AND

1782
01:09:10,544 --> 01:09:12,613
PEERS TALK ABOUT REALLY HAVING

1783
01:09:12,613 --> 01:09:14,481
FUN DOING ACTIVITIES THAT DON'T

1784
01:09:14,481 --> 01:09:19,987
INVOLVE DRINKING. THOSE CAN BE

1785
01:09:19,987 --> 01:09:21,755
SOBER COCKTAIL CLASSES, I DEAL

1786
01:09:21,755 --> 01:09:23,290
WITH ADOLESCENTS SO WE WOULDN'T

1787
01:09:23,290 --> 01:09:24,291
TALK ABOUT THAT BUT I THINK

1788
01:09:24,291 --> 01:09:26,694
THERE IS MORE THAN JUST

1789
01:09:26,694 --> 01:09:27,294
NON-DRINKING DRINKING

1790
01:09:27,294 --> 01:09:28,829
ACTIVITIES. THERE IS A LOT OF

1791
01:09:28,829 --> 01:09:33,133
WAYS TO HAVE FUN AND ENGAGING

1792
01:09:33,133 --> 01:09:34,134
SOBER ACTIVITIES THAT ALLOW

1793
01:09:34,134 --> 01:09:35,703
PEOPLE TO GET THAT POSITIVE

1794
01:09:35,703 --> 01:09:37,204
REINFORCEMENT AS WELL AS

1795
01:09:37,204 --> 01:09:40,040
POTENTIALLY SHARING SOCIAL MEDIA

1796
01:09:40,040 --> 01:09:42,643
THAT CAN BE SPORTS, LOTS OF

1797
01:09:42,643 --> 01:09:44,745
DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES.  ART. THAT

1798
01:09:44,745 --> 01:09:45,979
IS IN A CRITICAL PART OF THE

1799
01:09:45,979 --> 01:09:47,448
INTERVENTION.

1800
01:09:47,448 --> 01:09:50,784
>> SO A COMMENT FROM
STEPHANIE

1801
01:09:50,784 --> 01:09:55,189
MONTEZ. A LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL

1802
01:09:55,189 --> 01:09:57,991
LLM IS A SPECIALIZED TYPE OF

1803
01:09:57,991 --> 01:09:59,626
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINED

1804
01:09:59,626 --> 01:10:01,161
ON VAST AMOUNTS OF TEXT TO

1805
01:10:01,161 --> 01:10:02,396
UNDERSTAND EXISTING CONTENT AND

1806
01:10:02,396 --> 01:10:06,166
GENERATE ORIGINAL CONTENT. I'M

1807
01:10:06,166 --> 01:10:10,337
GOING TO HAVE TO GET HIP WITH

1808
01:10:10,337 --> 01:10:11,338
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IT IS

1809
01:10:11,338 --> 01:10:15,275
VERY CLEAR. WE ARE ALMOST AT

1810
01:10:15,275 --> 01:10:20,781
TIME. SO DEBRA SAYS THAT WE

1811
01:10:20,781 --> 01:10:21,582
DON'T HAVE ANY FURTHER

1812
01:10:21,582 --> 01:10:23,751
QUESTIONS. I JUST WANT TO THANK

1813
01:10:23,751 --> 01:10:27,621
YOU BOTH PROFUSELY FOR WHAT YOU

1814
01:10:27,621 --> 01:10:30,591
ARE DOING AND THE WORK YOU ARE

1815
01:10:30,591 --> 01:10:32,159
DOING I THINK THIS IS A

1816
01:10:32,159 --> 01:10:34,461
CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AREA. .

1817
01:10:34,461 --> 01:10:37,397
AND WE HOPE THAT YOU WILL BE

1818
01:10:37,397 --> 01:10:41,535
PART OF OUR EFFORT TO UP OUR

1819
01:10:41,535 --> 01:10:43,804
GAME IN THIS DOMAIN. KEEP UP THE

1820
01:10:43,804 --> 01:10:47,374
GOOD WORK FROM MY END. BRAVO FOR

1821
01:10:47,374 --> 01:10:49,343
BOTH OF YOU FOR REALLY EXCELLENT

1822
01:10:49,343 --> 01:10:52,446
TALKS. THANKS A LOT. 

1823
01:10:52,446 --> 01:10:53,213
>> THANK YOU.

1824
01:10:53,213 --> 01:10:57,551
>> THANK YOU, DR. KOOB.

1825
01:10:57,551 --> 01:11:07,551
>> THANKS, EVERYBODY WHO
PARTICIPATED.  THIS WAS REALLY
INTERESTING.