HI, EVERYONE. I'M GEORGE
KOOB, DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL
INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND
ALCOHOLISM AND I WOULD LIKE TO
WELCOME YOU TO OUR WEBINAR.
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL
MEDIA TO ADDRESS ALCOHOL MISUSE
IN ADOLESCENCE AND EMERGING
ADULT. OUR PRESENTERS ARE
MAUREEN WALTON UNIVERSITY OF
MICHIGAN WHO WILL FOCUS ON
OPTIMIZING PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL
MISUSE AND VIOLENCE AMONG
ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING ADULTS
AND DR. MAI-LY STEERS FROM DUKE
UNIVERSITY WHO WILL COVER SOCIAL
MEDIA USE FRIEND OR FOE? HOW IT
HAS BEEN PROBLEMATIC YET HOLDS
PROMISE FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE
DRINKING. UNDERAGE DRINKING AND
ALCOHOL MISUSE ARE AMONG
EMERGING ADULTS REMAIN SERIOUS
PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS.
ACCORDING TO THE 2021 NSDA
SURVEY, 15% OF PEOPLE AGE 12 TO
20 AND 50% OF PEOPLE AGE 18 TO
25 DRINK ALCOHOL IN THE PAST
MONTH. THESE DATA HIGHLIGHT THE
URGENT NEED FOR INNOVATIVE EARLY
BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION
APPROACHES TO PREVENT THIS
ESCALATION AND ALCOHOL MISUSE
AMONG OUR NATION'S YOUNG PEOPLE
PLEASE NOTE THAT NIAAA IS
INVESTING IN BEHAVIORAL
INTERVENTION FOCUSED RESEARCH
THAT ADDRESSES THE NOVEL USE OF
TECHNOLOGY AS ONE POTENTIAL
SOLUTION TO HELP IMPROVE HEALTH
OF YOUNG PEOPLE BY PREVENTING
ALCOHOL USE DISORDER WE WILL
LEARN ABOUT IN TODAY'S
PRESENTATION. OVERALL TODAY'S
WEBINAR WILL PROVIDE AN
IMPORTANT UPDATE ON THE WAYS
NIAAA CONTINUES TO SUPPORT
RESEARCH THAT IMPROVES OUR
UNDERSTANDING AND DELIVERY OF
PREVENTION APPROACHES TO REDUCE
ALCOHOL MISUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF
TODAY'S DIGITAL LANDSCAPE. IN
ORDER TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF
THE NEXT GENERATION. I'M EXCITED
TO LEARN FROM OUR ESTEEMED
PRESENTERS TODAY AND LISTEN IN
ON WHAT I'M SURE WILL BE A
ROBUST DISCUSSION AFTERWARDS.
FINALLY BEFORE I TURN IT TO OUR
SPEAKERS, A FEW HOUSEKEEPING
NOTES. THE MEETING IS BEING
RECORDED. THEY WILL BE AVAILABLE
ON THE NIH VIDEOCAST PAGE, ALSO
AS I MENTIONED THERE WILL BE
TIME ALLOTTED FOR QUESTION AND
ANSWER AFTER THE FORMAL
PRESENTATIONS. PLEASE SUBMIT
YOUR QUESTIONS VIA THE SUBMIT
LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON LOCATED
UNDER THE VIDEO WINDOW ON THE
VIDEOCAST PAGE. I WILL BE
GUIDING THE QUESTION-AND-ANSWER
PERIOD AT THE END. THANKS SO
MUCH FOR JOINING US AND THANK
YOU, VERY MUCH BOTH SPEAKERS FOR
PARTICIPATING IN HELPING US WITH
THIS REALLY IMPORTANT PROBLEM.
SOFT I BELIEVE WE ARE GOING TO
START OFF WITH MAUREEN.
>> ARE YOU ALL SET UP?
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DR. KOOB
FOR THAT KIND INTRODUCTION. I
WILL SHARE MY SCREEN. THERE WE
ARE. THANK YOU SO MUCH. SO
EXCITED TO BE HERE TODAY TO TALK
ABOUT SOME RESEARCH THAT FOCUSES
ON OPTIMIZING PREVENTION OF
ALCOHOL MISUSE AND/OR VIOLENCE
AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING
ADULTS. I HAVE NO CONFLICT OF
INTEREST TO DISCLOSE, I WANT TO
ACKNOWLEDGE THE GENEROUS SUPPORT
OF NIAAA AS WELL AS SUPPORT FROM
OTHER AGENCIES LISTED HERE. AND
ACKNOWLEDGE MY WONDERFUL TEAM OF
COLLABORATORS, THIS IS TRULY A
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM EFFORT
THAT I WILL BE PRESENTING ON
TODAY. DURING MY TALK I WILL
START BY FOCUSING ON THE
RATIONALE FOR EARLY
INTERVENTIONS PREVENT ESCALATION
IN ALCOHOL MISUSE AMONG YOUTH
AND THE EXCITING OPPORTUNITY
THAT TECHNOLOGY PROVIDES AS
POTENTIAL SOLUTION TO REACH
YOUNG PEOPLE DURING THEIR DAILY
LIVES. THEN I WILL TRANSITION TO
TALK ABOUT A FEW EXAMPLES,
PRIMARILY FOCUSING ON TEENS
WHICH IS AN EFFICACIOUS BASED
INTERVENTION THEN SHARE HOW WE
HAVE ADAPTED IT FOR CLINICAL
CARE INTEGRATION AND SOME WORK
FROM NIAAA TO OPTIMIZE THIS
APPROACH WITH ADDITION OF
DIGITAL BOOSTERS. FINALLY I
WILL CONCLUDE WITH NEXT STEPS
FOR TECHNOLOGY SUPPORTED
INTERVENTIONS. EARLY
IDENTIFICATION OF YOUTH AT RISK
FOR DEVELOPING ALCOHOL MISUSE IS
CRITICAL. SUBSTANCE USE
INCLUDING ALCOHOLs IS A RATES
DURING THE PERIOD FROM
ADOLESCENTS TO EMERGING ADULT
HOOD WHEN SUBSTANCE USE PEAKS
AMONG AGE 18-25 SHOWN IN THE
SOLID BARS. BINGE DRINKING IS
MOST COMMON, AS YOU CAN SEE HERE
AMONG THESE YOUTH AND BINGE
DRINKING IS E DEFINED FIVE OR
MORE DRINKS FOR MALES OR FOUR OR
MORE DRINKS FOR FEMALES WITH
NUMBER OF DRINKS LOWER FOR
YOUNGER ADOLESCENTS. PREVENTION
OF ALCOHOL POLICE USE CAN BE
CONCEPTUALIZED ACROSS THE
CONTINUUM OF REUSE WITH
UNIVERSAL PREVENTION APPROACHES
FOR THOSE LOW OR NO RISK
REACHING A LARGER PROPORTION OF
THE POPULATION IF DESIGNED FOR
SCALEN 'T. SELECTIVE PREVENTION
FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS ARE PEOPLE
WITH SOME RISK SCREENING
INDICATING THAT THEY MIGHT
BENEFIT FROM A LITTLE BIT MORE
INTERVENTION WHEREAS INDICATED
PREVENTIONS ARE PEOPLE WITH
ALCOHOL USE DISORDER REQUIRE
GREATER TREATMENT DOSE
REFLECTING THESE GREATER NEEDS.
HOWEVER THEY ARE DELIVERED FOR
FEWER NUMBER OF PEOPLE. A USEFUL
FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
PREVENTION FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS
INCLUDING USING TECHNOLOGY IS
THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL MODEL WHICH
INTERVENTION MAY CONSIDER
PROTECTIVE INFLUENCES ACROSS THE
INDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIP
COMMUNITY AND SOCIETAL SPHERES
OF INFLUENCE. THE INTERVENTION I
WILL BE PRESENTING TODAY FOCUS
ON THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL. WITH
CELL CONTENT FOCUSED ON THE
RELATIONSHIP LEVEL TO ADDRESS
PEER INFLUENCES AS WELL AS FOR
PROVIDING SOME COMMUNITY
RESOURCES TO ADDRESS OTHER
NEEDS. CLEARLY INTERVENTION
EFFORTS ARE NEEDED ACROSS THESE
OTHER LEVELS AS PARTS OF
COMMUNITY PREVENTION APPROACHES
SO HOW DOES ONE CHOOSE THE BEST
DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR
A SETTING IN A POPULATIO POPULA?
PARTNERING WITH LIVED EXPERIENCE
AND PROFESSIONALS IN SETTINGS
YOU WORK WITH IS CRITICAL TO
ENHANCE RELEVANCE REACH, TO
MAXIMIZE STUDYING INTEGRATION AS
WELL AS CONSIDER MAINTENANCE OF
THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE ARE USING
IN TERMS OF SHELF LIFE AND COST
AND FINALLY, CONTENT AND
TAILORING IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATION. WHEN WORKING
YOUNGER YOUTH OR POSE WITH FEWER
RESOURCES WE ARE THINKING USE OF
TEXT MESSAGING MAYBE BENEFICIAL
GIVEN POTENTIAL GREATER REACH
AND LOWER COST. IN CONTRAST
SMART PHONE APPS ALLOW FOR VERY
SOPHISTICATED CONTENT TO BE
DELIVERED MORE SOPHISTICATED
THAN TEXT MESSAGING TYPICALLY.
HOWEVER, ENGAGEMENT IN SMART
PHONE APPS IS A REAL CHALLENGE
IN THE FIELD THAT WE ARE
WRESTLING WITH. NEXT DELIVERING
INTERVENTION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA
IS REALLY EXCITING GIVEN YOUTH
ENGAGEMENT IN THESE PLATFORMS
MULTIPLE TIMES A DAY. HOWEVER
MORE WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE IN
THIS AREA, THERE'S LIMITATIONS
BASED ON PRIVACY AND TYPE OF
INTERACTION BASED ON PLATFORM.
NEXT, TELEHEALTH WHICH IS A
EXPANDED TREMENDOUSLY POST COVID
OR DURING COVID MAY REDUCE
ACCESS BARRIERS BUT STILL
REQUIRES A CLINICIAN TIME TO
DELIVER WHEREAS INTERACTIVE WEB
SITES SOLVE THE BARRIER STAFF
TIME BUT MAY NOT ALLOW FOR THE
SAME DEGREE OF TAILORING OR
REPORT TO DEVELOP THAT YOU MIGHT
WITH AND IN PERSON INTERACTION.
SO THE WORK I WILL PRESENT TODAY
IS SHOWING PROMISE OF SINGLE
SESSION IN PERSON BRIEF
INTERVENTIONS FOR ALCOHOL USE
WHICH AS PART OF A HEALTHCARE
VISIT RESEARCH SHOWS REDUCE
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND/OR
CONSEQUENCES SO SCREENING BRIEF
INTERVENTION AND REFERRAL TO
TREATMENT ARE REMITTED BY NIAA
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
AND SAMHSA. AN ADVANTAGE OF
SINGLE SESSION INTERVENTIONS
INCLUDE POTENTIAL SCALABILITY
AND LOWER COST RELATIVE TO
MULTI-SESSION APPROACHES.
HOWEVER, AS EXPECTED WITH A
SINGLE SESSION INTERVENTION, THE
EFFECT SIZE OR IMPACT ON YOUTH
IS MODEST AND IMPLEMENTATION
BARRIERS INCLUDE LIMITED STAFF
TIME AS WELL AS CHALLENGES TO
MAINTAIN FIDELITY OR QUALITY OF
INTERVENTION IN BUSY CLINICAL
SETTINGS. SO COMPUTERIZED
DELIVERIES OF BRIEF INTERVENTION
COULD POTENTIALLY ADDRESS THESE
BARRIERS AND RESEARCH SHOWS THEY
GENERALLY SHOW PROMISE. HOWEVER,
THE EFFICACY OF COMPUTERIZED
INTERVENTIONS ARE TENDS TO BE
SMALLER THAN IN PERSON
INTERVENTIONS AND MAY NOT QUITE
LAST AS LONG. WHEN THINKING
ABOUT THESE INTERVENTIONS WHERE
TO START. SO AS AN INITIAL
EXAMPLE OUR TEAM DEVELOPED A
COMPUTERIZED BRIEF INTERVENTION
DELIVERED BY AN INTERACTIVE
COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT HARNESSED
PEER INFLUENCES VIA CHAT ROOMS
AND VIDEOS. THIS SESSION
REDUCED ALCOHOL USE AND ALCOHOL
CONSEQUENCES WITH THE FACTS ON
CONSEQUENCES LASTING UP UNTIL 12
MONTHS. AND AS EXPECTED THE
EFFECT SIZES WERE MODEST THOUGH
PURELY CONSISTENT WITH A VERY
BRIEF INTERVENT INTERVENTION. TE
INTERVENTION SHOWED REDUCING
DRIVING UNDER INFLUENCE,
DEPRESSION AND DATING VIOLENCE.
OUR TEAM WITH NIDA FUNDING HAD
COMPUTER SESSIONS FOCUSING ON
CANNABIS USE IS PROMISING IN
ADOLESCENTS UNDERSCORING PROMS.
FOR COMPUTERIZED APPROACHES.
WHEN THINKING ABOUT THE NEXT
STEPS FOR CURE INTEGRATION AND
HOW WE CAN ENHANCE EFFECT SIZE
WE THOUGHT ABOUT USING DIGITAL
BOOSTERS. AS A FIRST TEN WE
PARTNERED WITH CDC INJURY
PREVENTION CENTER AND NATIONAL
SAFETY COUNCIL TO CONDUCT FOCUS
GROUPS WITH FEEDBACK FROM
COMMUNITY MEMBERS INCLUDING
PARENTS AND CLINICIANS. AS WELL
AS OTHER CAREGIVERS. THEY
RECOMMENDED ADAPTING COMPUTER
PROGRAM FOR A WEB-BASED
DELIVERY, THIS SOLVES BARRIERS
IN CLINIC SO THE INTERVENTION
CAN BE DELIVERED AT HOME LATER
OR DURING THE VISIT AND ALSO
ALLOWED CLINICIANS TO TALK WITH
PATIENTS ABOUT ALCOHOL AS THEY
LIKE. THEY ALSO SUGGEST EXTEND
DOSE BY ADDING TEXT MESSAGING
BOOSTERS. I'M GOING TO JUST MOVE
THIS SO THAT YOU CAN FULLY SEE
THE SCREEN. THANK YOU SO MUCH.
SO -- JUST ONE SECOND. TECHNICAL
DIFFICULTIES. SORRY ABOUT THIS
THANK YOU FOUR THAT. APPRECIATE
YOUR PATIENCE WITH MY INABILITY
TO WORK TECHNOLOGY. SO I WAS
TALKING ABOUT WHAT DO WE DO NEXT
INTEGRATING PROGRAM INTO
CLINICAL CARE? WHEN WE PARTNERED
WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS, IN
ADDITION TO CREATING THE THE
PROGRAM TO BE DELIVERED BY THE
WEB AND ADDING TEXT MESSAGES
THEY SUGGESTED ADDING PARENT
CONTENT IN SOME WAY. SO WE
OBTAINED INTERNAL FUNDS TO
REENVISION COMPUTER PROGRAM WITH
ADVISORS TO UPDATE CONTENT FOR
EMERGING TO MAKE IT MORE
ACCESSIBLE INCLUDING ADDING
OLDER PEER VIDEOS WHICH ARE LIKE
TIKTOK AS WELL AS CHAT ROOMS.
WITH CONTENT THAT WE COULD
HARNESS PEER INFLUENCES. WE
CREATE AD LIBRARY OF TWICE DAILY
TEXT MESSAGES DELIVEROR
DELIVERED OVER EIGHT WEEKS WITH
YOUTH ADVISORS AND WE THOUGHT
ABOUT ADDING ON CAREGIVERS
REFERRAL TO THE ACTED TALK THEY
HEAR YOU WHICH ADDRESSES
PARENTAL COMMUNICATION AND
MONITORING. SO IN 2023 WE
RECEIVED A CONTRACT FROM PCORI
TO CONDUCT A COMPARATIVE
EFFICACY STUDY THROUGH THE
COMPUTER PROGRAM ALONE, OR
PEWTER PROGRAM WITH TEXT
MESSAGING. THEY BOTH CONDITIONS
RECEIVED THE REFERRAL TO THE
APP. WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THIS
AS A SCALABLE IMPLEMENTAL WAY TO
ADDRESS ALCOHOL USE IN PEDIATRIC
PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS. GIVEN
RECENT FUNDING JUST IN THE PAST
YEAR OBVIOUSLY I DON'T HAVE
RESULTS TO SHARE, SO I'M GOING
TO SWITCH GEARS AND TALK ABOUT A
PARALLEL LINE OF WORK. SO THE
REMAINDER OF TALK WILL FOCUS ON
ALCOHOL USE AND VIOLENCE. BY
VIOLENCE, PHYSICAL AGGRESSION.
WHY FOCUS ON THESE TWO RISK
FACTORS? WELL ALCOHOL USE IS
ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENCE DUE TO
INCREASED LIKELIHOOD DURING
ACUTE INTOXICATION INCIDENTS AS
WELL AS FOR THE CLUSTERING OF
RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
ACROSS THE SOCIO ECOLOGICAL
SPECTRUM AS I MENTIONED EARLIER.
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS ARE
ADVANTAGEOUS TO DELIVER
INTERVENTIONS TO ALTER
TRAJECTORIES UNDERSTANDING
APPROACHES NEED TO BE A LARGER
PATCH WORK OF COMMUNITY
PREVENTION EFFORTS. SO OUR TEAM
DEVELOPED A SINGLE SESSION AND
IN PERSON INTERVENTION WITH
THERAPIST THAT WAS CALLED SAFE
FOR TEENS. THIS WAS DELIVERED
DURING EMERGENCY CARE VISIT AND
IN THIS STUDY WE -- THE FINDINGS
SHOWED IT REDUCED SEVERE
AGGRESSION IN ALCOHOL
CONSEQUENCES IN YEAR FOLLOWING
ED VISIT AT RELATIVELY MODEST
COST SO IT'S SCALABLE IN
COMMUNITY SETTINGS. THE EFFECT
SIZES WERE MODEST. SO WE
WONDERED IF THERE WERE WAYS TO
INCREASE THE EFFICACY. SO
SUBSEQUENTLY WORK IS FOCUSED IN
TWO AREAS. ONE ADAPTING THE
INTERVENTION FOR TRANSLATION AT
CLINICAL CARE AND THE SECOND IS
WITH FUNDING FROM NIAAA HOW TO
ENHANCE DOSE WITH DIGITAL
BOOSTERS. SO INITIALLY WE
THOUGHT ABOUT TRANSLATION IN
CLINICAL SETTINGS AND WE WERE
FINDING SAFER TEENS NOT
REQUIRING RISK SCREEN. IN
ADDITION THIS INTERVENTION WAS
GIVEN TO YOUTH IN AN
INTERVENTION NEIGHBORHOOD IN A
COMMUNITY WE WERE WORKING IN AND
WE COMPARED WITH YOUTH
PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT FROM A COMPARISON
AREA. AT THE SAME TIME WE
LAYERED ON FIVE OTHER
INTERVENTIONS THAT WERE PART OF
A LARGER COMMUNITY PREVENTION
EFFORT, THOSE INCLUDED EFFORTS
FOCUSING ON MENTORING, AS WELL
AS LIKE COMMUNITY LEVEL CLEAN
AND GREEN PROGRAMS. WHAT WE
FOUND IN THESE TWO STUDIES IS
THAT ADAPTING SAFER TEENS FOR
UNIVERSAL PREVENTION WE STILL
SAW EFFECTS ON YOUTH VIOLENCE
PREVENTION. AND THAT COMMUNITY
WIDE WE SAW REDUCTIONS IN ALL
THE INTERVENTION SUITE OF
PROGRAMS ON REDUCING ASSAULT
INJURIES. WE WERE NOT POWERED
FOR EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE
BECAUSE IT WAS UNIVERSAL
PREVENTION IN ABOUT 20% KIDS
REPORTED DRINKING. SO WE WERE
EXCITED ABOUT THESE FINDINGS AND
I PRESENT THEM TODAY AND PLEASE
LOOK AT THE PAPERS FOR MORE
INFORMATION TO JUST SHOW HOW
THESE EFFORTS CAN BE COMBINED
WITH OTHER COMMUNITY EFFORTS FOR
PREVENTION.
NEXT REALLY IMPORTANT AND
CONSISTENT WITH THE REPLICATING
EFFECT OF PROGRAMS FRAMEWORK. WE
CREATED SAFERTEENS.ORG AND THERE
IS AN EMAIL AT BOTTOM FOR MORE
INFORMATION OR YOU CAN CONTACT
ME. BASICALLY THIS WEBSITE
INCLUDES SCREENING QUESTIONS, IT
INCLUDES TEXT MESSAGING BOOSTERS
WHICH WE ADDED, THE REASON FOR
ADDING THESE IS OFTEN WHEN YOU
TRANSLATE EVIDENCE BASED
INTERVENTIONS INTO CLINICAL CARE
THE EFFECT SIZES ARE SLIGHTLY
DIMINISHED SO WE WANTED TO
EXTEND THE EFFEC EFFECT. SO WITH
PARTNERING WITH OUR YOUTH THEY
RECEIVED TEXT MESSAGES OVER
EIGHT WEEKS FOCUSING ON UPSTREAM
FACTORS AS YOU CAN SEE HERE. IN
ADDITION OUR WEBSITES ADDRESS
ISSUE OF QUALITY OR FIDELITY OF
INTERACTION WITH THERAPIST
BECAUSE THEY HAVE CLINICAL
DECISION SUPPORT SCREENS THAT
GUIDE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF
THE INTERVENTION TO MAKE SURE
THAT EVERYTHING IS DELIVERED AS
INTENDED. SO THEN WE WITH CDC
FUNDING TESTED IMPLEMENTATION
AND TWO PILOT STUDIES IN PRIMARY
CARE IN THE EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT. WE WANTED TO SEE HOW
THIS WENT WITH ON SITE DELIVERY.
ONE BARRIER IN TERMS OF
FEASIBILITY WAS CLINICAL STAFF
BEING HAVING THE BAND WIDTH AND
TIME TO DELIVER INTERVENTIONS.
SO IN BOTH STUDIES WE QUICKLY
PIVOTED TO REVOKE DELIVERY THIS
OCCURRED PRE-COVID AND WHAT WE
FOUND IS LOOK AT TOP QUOTE THE
PROGRAM DELIVERED REMOTELY WAS
WELL RECEIVED THEY LIKED
VIRTUALLY MEETING WITH COUNSELOR
AND THEY THOUGHT MENTAL HEALTH
AND SECURITY DIFFERENTLY AFTER
THAT. THE BOTTOM QUOTE SHOWS
FEEDBACK ON TEXT MESSAGE,TH
YOUTH FELT LIKE THE MESSAGES
WERE HELPFUL UPLIFTING AND HELP
UNDERSTAND HOW TO CHANGE MY
POINT OF VIEW ON EVERYTHING. AND
I'M AGE TO DO GO ON WITHOUT ALL
THE DRAMA. SO NEXT WE FOCUSED
ON OPTIMIZATION OF THESE
APPROACHES USING ADAPTIVE
INTERVENTION TO TEST DIGITAL
BOOSTERS. YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR,
ADAPTIVE INTERVENTION ADJUST
DOSE OF INTERVENTION BASED ON
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE PROVIDING A
PARSIMONIOUS SOLUTION AND
PRACTICAL SOLUTION AT JUSTK TO
GIVE MORE DOSE OR MORE
INTERVENTION TO THOSE WHO NEED
IT. AND PRESERVING RESOURCES
FOR THOSE WHO DON'T NEED IT.
WITH ASSISTANCE FROM THE
COMMUNITY AND PILOT FUNDING WE
DEVELOPED TWO TYPES OF DIGITAL
BOOSTERS, ONE WITH HEALTH COACH
CALLS AND OTHER TEXT MESSAGES.
DURING COACH CALLS AS WITH OUR
BRIEF INTERVENTIONS OUR COACHES
ARE TRAINED IN MOTIVATIONAL
INTERVIEWING AND THEY FOCUS ON
ALCOHOL USE AND VIOLENCE
PARTICULARLY UPSTREAM FACTORS AS
MENTIONED BEFORE THEY FOCUS ON
COPING SOCIAL SUPPORT LEISURE
ACTIVITY AND COMMUNITY
RESOURCES. FOR TEXT MESSAGING
BOOSTERS WHICH IN THIS STUDY
WERE TAILORED BASED ITERATIVELY
OVER TIME, BASED ON INFORMATION
THAT WAS OBTAINED IN WEEKLY
SURVEYS, AN THOSE TEXT MESSAGES
FOCUS ON UPSTREAM FACTORS SUCH
AS MOOD, REASONS FOR FIGHTING,
REASONS FOR DRINKING AS WELL AS
TOOLS SUCH AS AVOIDING DRINKING
SITUATIONS, HARM REDUCTION
AVOIDING DRINKING AND DRIVING,
COPING, AS WELL AS ANGER
MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION
AND SO FORTH. WE TESTED ADAPTIVE
INTERVENTION BOOSTERS IN A SMART
DESIGN, SEQUENTIAL MULTIPLE
ASSIGNMENT RANDOMIZED TRIAL, ALL
YOUTH TEENS AND RANDOMIZED TO
RECEIVE A HEALTH COMB OR TEXT
MESSAGES OVER FOUR WEEKS. AT
FOUR WEEKS WE ASSESS RESPONSE
AND THOSE WHO DO NOT REPORT
BINGE DRINKING OR AGGRESSION ARE
NOTED AS RESPONDERS. WE EITHER
CONTINUE WITH THE SAME
INTERVENTION BECAUSE MAYBE THEY
NEED TO CONTINUE THE
INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN GAINS
OR WE RAMP DOWN TO RESOURCE
BROCHURE. IN CONTRAST YOUTH WHO
CONTINUE TO SHOW BING DRINKING
OR AGGRESSION ARE RERANDOMIZED
FOR MORE OF THE SAME
INTERVENTION EXTENDING DOSE OR
DIFFERENT TIME OF INTERVENTION
MEANING RAMPED UP IN TEXT
MESSAGING TO HEALTH COACH AND IF
HEALTH COACH THEY RECEIVE HEALTH
COACH PLUS TEXT MESSAGES IN
BETWEEN THE SESSIONS. SO OUR
STUDY WAS CONDUCTED OVER COURSE
OF COVID WHICH HAD HUGE IMPACTS
ON RESEARCH CONDUCTED OUT OF THE
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT NONETHELESS
WE WERE PROUD TO ENROLL 400
PEOPLE TO OUR SMART STUDY 14-20.
THEY WERE USING SELECTIVE
PREVENTION APPROACH SCREEN
POSITIVE FOR RECENT BINGE
DRINKING OR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION.
THREE QUARTERS OF THOSE ENROLLED
WERE FEMALE, 45% IDENTIFIED AS
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN RACE.
55% REPORTED SOME RECEIPT OF
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE AND 8%
IDENTIFIED AS HISPANIC OR LATINX
ETHNICITY. THE GRAPH ON THE
LEFT SHOWS PAST 30 DAYTIME LINE
FOLLOW UP DATA YOU CAN SEE THAT
YOUTH REPORT DRINKING ABOUT
WEEKLY ABOUT FOUR DAYS MANY THE
PAST MONTH BUT THEIR ARCH
CONSUMPTION IS 6.2 PER OCCASION
WHICH EXCEEDS BINGE DRINKING
LIMITS. MOST YOUTH ALSO REPORT
CANNABIS USE, YOU CAN SEE THERE
ON THE ABOUT 14 DAYS IN THE PAST
MONTH. ONE IN FOUR REPORT USE OF
ANOTHER ILLEGAL DRUG AND ONE IN
SIX REPORT MISUSE OF PSYCHOTIVE
PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION. NOT
SHOWN HERE IS AGGRESSION
REPORTED ONE DAY IN THE PAST
MONTH WITH THREE QUARTERS ALSO
REPORTING VICTIMIZATION AND
ABOUT 40% REPORTING ANY DATING
VIOLENCE. IMPORTANTLY HALF OF
THE SAMPLES SCREEN POSITIVE FOR
DEPRESSION AND HALF SCREENED
POSITIVE FOR ANXIETY. THIS IS A
REALLY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
FOR INTERVENTIONS ADDRESSING
ALCOHOL TO REALLY THINK ABOUT
HOW MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS ARE
QUITE PREVALENT AMONG YOUTH
PEOPLE. THE BOOSTERS IN TERMS OF
FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY
THEY WERE WELL RECEIVED OVER 70%
RATED DIGITAL BOOSTERS HELPFUL
OR VERY HELPFUL, SLIGHTLY
FAVORING THE HEALTH CODE CALLS.
HOWEVER NEARLY ALL PARTICIPANTS
ASSIGNED TO THE EX MESSAGES
RECEIVED THEM, MEANING THEY
DIDN'T TEXT STOP, THOUGH HOW
MUCH THEY ATTEND TO TEXT
MESSAGES IS UNCLEAR. AND ON
AVERAGE, 55% OF HEALTH COACH
CALLS WERE COMPLETED MOSTLY DUE
TO SCHEDULING AND RESCHEDULING
BEING CHALLENGING WITHIN THE
SAME WEEK. IN TERMS OF RESPONSE
IN BOTH CONDITIONS WE FOUND
ABOUT 40% YOUTH WERE INDICATED
THEY WERE RESPONDERS MEANING
THEY WEREN'T ENGAGED IN THESE
BEHAVIORS AT FOUR WEEKS AND 60%
WERE NON-RESPONDERS.
PRELIMINARY DATA SHOW IN TERMS
OF THE FINDINGS FROM THIS
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY STUDY, ALL
PARTICIPANTS RANDOMIZE TO SAVER
TEENS PLUS TEXT MESSAGES OR
HEALTH COACH REDUCE ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION, ALCOHOL
CONSEQUENCES, THEIR VIOLENCE
INVOLVEMENT, AS WELL AS VIOLENCE
CONSEQUENCES OVER THE EIGHT
MONTHS OF THE STUDY. OF COURSE
THE MORE INTERESTING ANALYSIS
ONGOING IS COMPARING THE BEST
STRATEGY FOR RESPONDERS AND
NON-RESPONDERS AS WELL AS
MODERATORS AND MEDIATORS OF
RESPONSE MEASURED WEEKLY
INCLUDING THOSE KEY VARIABLES OF
MENTAL HEALTH. AND WE ARE REALLY
EXCITED THESE FINDINGS WILL HELP
US MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
FUTURE ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS
DELIVERY. OF COURSE THE
LIMITATION OF THIS STUDY IS DO
YOU TO COVID, THERE'S LESS POWER
THAN WE WOULD LIKE AND SO SOME
THINGS MAYBE CONSIDERED
EXPLORATORY. SO IN CONCLUSION
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IS REALLY
EXCITING AND FEASIBLE WAY TO
EXTEND INTERVENTION AND
PREVENTION DOSES TO YOUTH AND
REAL TIME IN THEIR DAILY LIVES.
PARTNERING WITH COMMUNITY
MEMBERS AND INDIVIDUALS WITH
EXPERIENCE IS CRITICAL TO
ENHANCE RELEVANCE AND UPTAKE
ACROSS COMMUNITY SETTINGS. AND
ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS AND THESE
OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ARE REALLY
EXCITING DIRECTION FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH TO SAVE RESOURCES FOR
OUR YOUNG PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM
THE MOST. ALCOHOL INTERVENTIONS
THIS DATA UNDERSCORES THE NEED
TO ADDRESS OTHER SUBSTANCE USE
AS WELL AS MENTAL HEALTH
CONCERNS. AND I WANT TO FINALLY
MENTION, EXPANSION OF
REIMBURSEMENT FOR DIGITAL
PREVENTION IS EARLY URGENTLY
NEEDED IN THIS SPACE TO ENHANCE
SUSTAINABILITY IN THESE
COMMUNITY SETTINGS. AS FOR
FUTURE DIRECTIONS, EXCITING
AREAS WHICH I DID NOT TOUCH ON
TODAY ARE SMART PHONE APPS, AND
SOCIAL MEDIA SO PLEASE SEE THE
ONGOING WORK OF FORMER MENTEES
AN MOW COLLEAGUES DR. CONKLIN
DOING INTERESTING WORK WITH
SMART PHONALS AND DR. BONER
DOING WORK HARNESSING SOCIAL
MEDIA SUCH AS SNAP CHAT FOR HIGH
BENEFITSTY DRINKING. IN A ADDITN
I'M EXCITING TO HERE FROM DR.
SEARS WHO IS DOING CUTTING EDGE
RESEARCH IN SOCIAL MEDIA. THANK
YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE
RESEARCH, SPECIAL THANKS TO NIAA
AND FUNDERS, COLLABORATORS AND
PARTNERS, MEDICAL STAFF,
PATIENTS AN THESE EFFORTS
WOULDN'T BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT
THEIR SUPPORT. NOW I WILL
TRANSFER THE BATON TO DR. STEERS
WHO IS GOING TO DELIVER THE NEXT
PRESENTATION. THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU DR. WAHL TON. DR.
SEARS ARE YOU SET TO GO?
>> YES.
>> ALL YOURS.
>> PULLING UP MANY SLIDES.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING
ME. MY NAME IS MAI-LY STEERS,
I'M FROM (INAUDIBLE) UNIVERSITY.
HERE TO PRESENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA
USE FRIEND OR FOE? HOW IT HAS
BEEN PROBLEMATIC YET HOLDS
PROMISE FOR ADDRESSING COLLEGE
DRINKING. JUST TO GIVE A LITTLE
BACKGROUND. THE YOUNG PEOPLE
HAVE BEEN CONSISTENTLY FOUND TO
BE POSITIVELY LINKED TO
CONSUMPTION AND PROBLEMS.
HOWEVER, IT IS SORT OF A CHICKEN
AND EGG QUESTION SO IS IT THAT
THE DRINKING IS DRIVING THE
POSTING OR THAT THE POSTING IS
DRIVING THE DRINKING? SOME MORE
RECENT RESEARCH INDICATED IT
MIGHT BE THE FORMER THAT THE
DRINKING IS DRIVING THE POSTING.
HOWEVER MORE RESEARCH NEEDS TO
BE DONE IN THIS AREA. AND WHY
SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE COLLEGE
DRINKING? WITHIN MORE
TRADITIONAL DRINKING WE FOUND A
ROBUST EFFECT SUCH THAT THE MORE
TRADITIONAL MEDIA LIKE
TELEVISION SHOWS OR MOVIES THAT
COLLEGE STUDENTS CONSUME, MORE
LIKELY THEY ARE TO DRINK. ALSO
IN TERMS OF OFFLINE PEER
INFLUENCES, OFFLINE PEER
DRINKING NORMS HAVE BEEN FOUND
TO ROBUSTLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON
COLLEGE STUDENTS DRINKING AS
WELL. AND IT KIND OF OPERATES
IN ONE OF TWO WAYS. FIRST,
STUDENTS MAY EXPERIENCE THE
FALSE CONSUMPTION EFFECTS SO
THEY HEAVY DRINKING STUDENTS
THINK WHO DOESN'T DRINK A LOT IN
COLLEGE SO THEY ARE ABLE TO
MAINTAIN HEAVY DRINKING AS A
CONSEQUENCE BECAUSE THEY THINK
IT IS NORM ACTIVE. ON THE OTHER
HAND -- NORMATIVE. STUDENTS
MIGHT EXPERIENCE PLURALISTIC
IGNORANCE WHEREBY IF THEY AREN'T
HEAVY DRINKERS OR DON'T DRINK A
LOT AT ALL, THEY MIGHT THINK
THEY ARE THE ONLY ONES WHO DON'T
DRINK AND AS A CONSEQUENCE MIGHT
THINK OH, I NEED TO DRINK MORE
IN ORDER TO FIT IN. THE
COMBINATION OF MEDIA INFLUENCES
PLUS THOSE PEER INFLUENCES HAS
CREATED THIS ENVIRONMENT IN
WHICH SOME RESEARCHERS HAVE
DUBBED THE SOCIAL MEDIA SUPER
PEER, THAT IS THAT SOCIAL MEDIA
INFLUENCES MAY EXTEND ABOVE AND
BEYOND JUST NORMAL PEER
INFLUENCES. YOU CAN KIND OF SEE
WHY, SOCIAL MEDIA IS CONSTANTLY
STREAMING. SO STUDENTS ARE
CONSTANTLY INUNDATED BE THIS
KIND OF CONTENT. THIS IS LED TO
SOCIAL MINDIA AND THE DISTORTION
OF PERFORMANCE -- MEDIA AND
DISTORTION OF NORMS. WE HEARD
MANY MORE POP LAY MEDIA SOME
PEOPLE HAVE THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA
BLINDERS ON OR THERE MIGHT BE AN
ECHO CHAMBER EFFECT. AND I THINK
WE ARE MOSTLY ACADEMIC HERE SO
ON MY X NOW FORMALLY KNOWN AS
TWITTER, I FOLLOW A LOT OF
ACADEMICS AS WELL AND SO I MIGHT
SEE CONTENT SUCH AS OUR LAB JUST
RECEIVED WORD THAT FAR FEWER
PUBLICATIONS WERE ACCEPTED BACK
TO X. OR SO HONORED TO BE ASKED
TO BE PART OF THREE INCREDIBLE
SYMPOSIUMS WHICH ARE JUST WAY TO
DIMINISH RACIAL AND ETHNIC
DISPARITIES OR JUST RECEIVED MY
FIRST RO1 SO GRATEFUL OF FOR MY
TEAM OF CO-INVESTIGATORS. SO YOU
CAN IMAGINE HOW SEEING THIS
CONTENT ON DAILY OR WEEKLY BASIS
MIGHT INFLUENCE YOUR NORMS OF
PRODUCTIVITY. SO YOU CAN IMAGINE
FROM A STUDENT PERSPECTIVE IF
THEY A ARE SEEING THIS CONTENT
ON THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA FEED, HOW
IS THAT GOING TO REALLY IMPACT
THEIR DRINKING NORMS? PROBABLY
GOING TO OVERINFLATE THEM. AND
YOU MIGHT BE WONDERING WHY YOU
DO STUDENTS EVEN PRESENT OR POST
THIS CONTENT IN THE FIRST PLACE.
WE CONDUCTED SOME IN DEPTH
QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS WITH
STUDENTS WHO WERE HEAVIER
DRINKERS AND ALSO HEAVIER
POSTERS OF ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT AND WE WERE ABLE TO
DERIVE FROM THOSE SEMISTRUCTURE
INTERVIEWS A ALCOHOL
SELF-PRESENTATION MODEL. THIS
MODEL IS BASED ON
SELF-PRESENTATION LITERATURE AS
WELL AS SELF-MONITORING
LITERATURE AND WE FOUND TWO MAIN
REASONS FOR POSTING. ONE IS MORE
THE INQUISITIVE ASPECT, STUDENTS
ARE POSTING IN ORDER TO OBTAIN
ATTENTION AND APPROVAL FROM
THEIR PEERS. OR MORE THE
PROTECTIVE ASPECT, THEY ARE
SELF-PRESENTENING MANNER WHICH
AVOIDS DISAPPROVAL FROM OTHERS.
ALONG WITH THE INQUISITIVE
THEMES, SOME OF THE POSTS THAT
EMERGE FROM THIS DOMAIN WERE
STUDENTS POSTED MORE PROVOCATIVE
CONTENT PERHAPS POSTS INVOLVING
ALCOHOL WHICH IS MORE SEXUAL IN
NATURE, IMPULSIVE SO THEY WERE
TALKING ABOUT DRUG SEEKING IN
THEIR CAR AND A LOT OF STUDENTS
THAT COMMENTED THAT THEY OFTEN
POSTED IN ORDER TO PROMOTE A
CERTAIN STATUS. SO POPULARITY
FOR INSTANCE OR GOING OUT A LOT
AND -- WITH THEIR FRIENDS. OR
FINALLY MAINTAINING RELEVANT
CONNECTIONS EMERGE AS A MAJOR
THEME. IN FACT ONE OF OUR
PERSONS SAID SHE WAS SO
PRESSURED TO USE A SOCIAL MEDIA
VOICE SHE WOULD GO OUT TO THE
BARS OR THE CLUBS IN ORDER TO
HAVE SOMETHING TO POST ABOUT IN
ORDER TO KEEP UP THAT MORE
ACTIVE SOCIAL MEDIA VOICE. ALONG
WITH PROTECTIVE THEMES WE FOUND
IMPERMANENCE TO BE A MAJOR THEME
SO STUDENTS OFTEN POSTED TO
SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN WHICH
THEIR CONTEMPT WAS FLEETING, SO
FOR INSTANCE INSTAGRAM STORIES
OR SNAP CHAT, PRIVACY WAS ALSO A
VERY HUGE CONCERN AMONG OUR
STUDENTS, PARTICULARLY IF THEY
WERE IN ORGANIZATIONS THAT
PROHINTED ALCOHOL POSTING SUCH
AS SORORITIES AND SO
CONSEQUENTLY THEY OPT IN OR
ENGAGE IN SOCIAL MEDIA GROUPS
VERY SMALL GROUPS OPPOSED TO
POSTING TO LARGER NETS WORKS.
AND REPUTATIONAL CONCERNS EMERGE
AS A MAJOR SOURCE SO THESE SORTS
OF PEOPLE ARE POSTING TO VERY
SPECIFIC AUDIENCE, SO THEY ARE
NOT POSTING TO THE WIDER PUBLIC
BECAUSE THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT
(INAUDIBLE) SO THIS MIGHT BE AN
EXAMPLE OF THE KINDS OF ALCOHOL
RELATED POSTS YOU MIGHT SEE ON
SOCIAL MEDIA POSTED BY STUDENTS.
YOU MIGHT SEE SOMETHING ALONG
THE LINES OF THE HAPPIEST OF
HAPPY HOURS, AND SEE HASH TAG
SUCH AS BEST FRIENDS, DRINKING
THIRSTY THURSDAYS AND SOMETIME
THE ALCOHOL IS NOT NECESSARILY A
FOCAL POINT BUT GETTING BACK TO
THE QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW IT IS
MORE SHARING THE SOCIAL ASPECT
OF POPULARITY OR MAINTAINING
RELEVANCE. SO CONSEQUENTLY THE
REASON ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
POSTS MAYBE CONSISTENTLY LINKED
TO DRINKING AND PROBLEMS IS THAT
STUDENTS OFTEN CULTIVATE ONLINE
DRINKER IDENTITY AROUND THESE
KINDS OF POSTS. AS WE EX MANIED
IN QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS ONE
PARTICIPANT ACTUALLY MENTIONED
FEELING PRESSURED TO GO OUT TO
THE CLUBS AND TO BARS IN ORDER
TO HAVE SOMETHING TO POST ABOUT
SO YOU HAVE TO CONSTANTLY
MAINTAIN THAT IMAGE. AND
STUDENTS RECEIVE POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT FOR THEIR ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT POSTS SO RECENT
DIARY STUDY FOUND COLLEGE
STUDENTS RECEIVED MORE LIKES FOR
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT THAN
NON-ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
POSTS AND EXPOSURE TO OTHERS
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT, WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER
FREQUENCY OF DRINKING AMONG
COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THOSE
MORE VULNERABLE TIMES SUCH AS
TRANSITION TO COLLEGE SO AS HIGH
SCHOOLERS ARE MATRICULATING TO
COLLEGE THEY ARE TRYING TO FIND
THEIR FOOTING AND TRYING TO FIND
THEIR SOCIAL GROUP SO THEY ARE
MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO BEING
INFLUENCED AT THAT POINT. YOU
CAN SEE WHY THIS IS ALSO
APPEALING. IF YOU SEE THIS POST
ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE
SCREEN YOU WILL SEE THAT
CAPTIONS DINNER IS SERVED. YOU
WILL SEE THIS HUMOROUS DIALOGUE
GOING BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN
THOSE WITHIN THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA
SO SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORK. I
PREFER THE WHISKEY SOUP OR I'LL
HAVE WHAT HE'S HAVING CONDITION
SRI IT IS LIGHT HEARTED HUMOR
AND SOCIAL ASPECT OF ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT POSTS. WHY THIS
IS PROBLEMATIC WE ACTUALLY
CONDUCTED A STUDY WHERE WE WERE
EXAMINING SELF-GENERATED ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT POSTS AS A
MODERATOR OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN
OTHER ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
POSTS AND DRINKS PER WEEK. WHAT
YOU SEE HERE IS THAT IT WAS EVEN
THOUGH STUDENTS MAY NOT BE
POSTING ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
PES TO SOCIAL MEDIA THEMSELVES,
SO THE SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS ARE
MORE THE LOWER END. OF POSTING
BEHAVIOR. THEY STILL APPEAR TO
BE INFLUENCED TO DRINK BY
VIEWING OTHERS ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT POSTS. SO EVEN IF YOU
DON'T PUSH YOURSELF YOU ARE
STILL HEAVILY INFLUENCED TO
DRINK. ONE REASON WHY THEY
MIGHT BE INFLUENCED IS THAT
STUDENTS OFTEN HOLD THESE
PROTOTYPICAL IMAGES OF TYPE OF
STUDENT OR THE TYPICAL COLLEGE
STUDENT WHO POSTS ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT TO SOCIAL MEDIA.
SO WE CONDUCTED A STUDY WHERE WE
ASKED STUDENTS TO INDICATE FIVE
ADJECTIVES IN AN OPEN ENDED
CONTACT, FIVE ADJECTIVES THAT
CAME TO MIND WHEN THEY THOUGHT
OF TYPICAL COLLEGE STUDENT
POSTED ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
TO SOCIAL MEDIA. OUT OF
ADJECTIVES WE PULLED DOWN 30
ADJECTIVES AND THEN ASKED
STUDENTS TO RATE THE ADJECTIVES.
THEN WE RAN A FACTOR ANALYSIS ON
IT. OUT OF THAT, THREE DIFFERENT
PROTOTYPES EMERGED. SO FIRST
WAS THE HEDONISTIC PROTOTYPE.
STUDENTS SAW POSTER AS BEING
MORE ALCOHOLIC, MORE
IRRESPONSIBLE, MORE IMMATURE,
THE SECOND TYPE WAS THE MORE
DEUPON DENT POSTER PROTOTYPE SO
THEY THOUGHT OF THIS PERSON
BEING MORE STRESSED, MAYBE
DRINKING TO COPE, DEPRESSED OR
LAZY. AND FINALLY THE SOCIALIAL
POSTER PROTOTYPE. THAT SORT OF
IMAGE WAS MORE THIS PERSON WAS
MORE FUN LOVING, ADVENTURE
OUTSIDE, FUNNY, HUMAN LOUSE, ET
CETERA. THEN -- HUMOROUS, ET
CETERA. IN ORDER TO VALIDATE OUR
SCALE WE ENTERED ALL THREE
PROTOTYPES INTO THE SAME PATH
MODEL. AND WE WERE EXAMINING THE
INDIRECT EFFECTS. AND ONLY THE
INDIRECT EFFECT OF SOCIAL --
SOCIABLE POSTER PROTOTYPE
EMERGED. THAT IS THE UNDERLYING
REASON WHY STUDENTS WHO VIEWED
AND POSTED ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT TENDED TO DRINK MORE WAS
DUE TO THE FACT THEY WERE
HOLDING THIS MORE SOCIABLE
PROTOTYPE IN THEIR MIND, THE FUN
LOVING ADVENTUROUS, FUNNY,
POPULAR PROTOTYPE. THEN YOU
MIGHT BE WONDERING SO YOU TALKED
A LOT ABOUT THE PROBLEM, HOW DO
YOU ACTUALLY HARNESS SOCIAL
MEDIA FOR GOOD? WE ACTUALLY
DEVELOPED AN ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT POST AND DRINKING SCALE
AND IT WAS DEVELOPED SORT OF
LOOSELY BASED ON THE TIME LINE
FOLLOW BACK WHICH IS A STANDARD
CLINICAL MEASURE USED IN ALCOHOL
RESEARCH. THE WAY THE TIME LINE
TYPICALLY WORKS IS YOU HAVE
CALENDAR FORMAT, YOU ARE
SUPPOSED TO RECALL YOUR DRINK
AROUND SPECIFIC CONTEXT. SO OR
ENTER DATES AS THEY SPAN THE
INSTRUCTIONS. SO THE ENTER DATES
COULD BE HOLIDAYS, THEY COULD BE
ANNIVERSARIES, BIRTHDAYS, GOING
OUT FOR TACO TUESDAY OR
WHATEVER, OR IT WOULD BE ALSO
MORE STRESSFUL EVENT. INSTEAD OF
USING THE TRADITIONAL ANCHOR
DATES WHAT WE DID IS WE ASKED
STUDENTS TO USE THEIR POSTING
BEHAVIOR, THEIR ALCOHOL RELATED
POSTING BEHAVIOR AS THE ANCHOR
DATE. THIS WAS PART OF
PRELIMINARY STEP TOWARDS
CREATING A MORE STANDARDIZE
MEASURE FOR ASSESSING ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT. T SO WHAT WE
FOUND DURING SCOPING REVIEW
WHICH WE ARE STILL IN THE
PROCESS OF WRITING UP, WE
DISCOVERED A LOT OF RESEARCHERS
USE A LOT OF TOOLS IN ORDER TO
AS CERTAIN CONTENT POSTING
BEHAVIORS. SO THIS WAS A STEP
TOWARDS THAT MORE STANDARDIZED
MEASURE. AND ALSO WHAT EMERGED
WHEN WE WERE DOING A SESSION --
SESSIONS WITH STUDENTS WHEN THEY
WERE DISPLAYING THEIR SOCIAL
MEDIA POSTS TO US, IS THAT THE
KIND OF POSTS THAT THEY CONSIDER
TO BE ALCOHOL RELATED AREN'T
NECESSARILY THE POSTS THAT
RESEARCHERS CONSIDER ALCOHOL
RELATED. SO FOR INSTANCE DRUNK
SELFIES THE PARTICIPANT ISN'T
NECESSARILY HOLDING A GLASS OF
ALCOHOL, WOULDN'T TYPICALLY BE
CLASSIFIED AS A ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT POST. HOW FAR WE ASKED
STUDENTS TO INDICATE TO US WHICH
POSTS THEIR FRIENDS WOULD
CONSIDER. BEING ALCOHOL RELATED
FRIENDS NORMALLY GO OFF
CONTEXTUAL QUEUES, LIKE TIME OF
DAY THE PARTICIPANT IS POSTING,
OR THEY ARE LOOKING AT MORE
ENVIRONMENT THE PARTICIPANT IS
IN. I THINK THIS IS IMPORTANT
TOO BECAUSE IT IS GOOD TO HAVE
SELF-REPORT ASPECT ALONG WITH
MORE OBJECTIVE MEASURES AND
MOVING FORWARD BECAUSE EVEN
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS MAY
NOT TAKE ON THESE NUANCES THAT
EXIST WITHIN ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT POSTS. IN TERMS OF
USING WE DID COMPARISON, WE DID
A STUDY WHERE PARTICIPANTS TOOK
BOTH NORMAL TIME LINE AS WELL AS
SCHOOL CREATED THEY WERE CALLING
THEIR DRINKING AROUND THE SOCIAL
MEDIA POSTS AND WE RAN TWO
MULTI-VARIANT INTERSECT MODELS.
WHAT WE UNCOVERED THROUGH THE
BASE MODEL YOU MILE THINK OF
THIS AS MORE OF A MULTI-LEVEL
MODEL BECAUSE PARTICIPANTS ARE
RECORDING DRINKING ACROSS 30
DAYS. SO AT THE BASE LEVEL WE
FOUND MOST EXISTED AT THE WITHIN
PERSON LEVEL SO ABOUT SO THE
INTERCLASS CORRELATION WAS .68,
THE BETWEEN PERSONS LEVEL WE
HAVE LESS POWER TO DETECT AN
EFFECT TO BUT IT WAS HIGHLY
CORRELATED AT THE (INAUDIBLE)
PERSON'S LEVEL. WHAT WAS
INTERESTING IS PARTICIPANTS
REPORTED 20 POST MORE ALCOHOL
USE WITH ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
SCALE VERSUS NORMAL TIME LINE
FOLLOW BACK SO AGAIN SAME
PARTICIPANTS TAKING NORMAL TIME
LINE AS WELL AS SCALE CREATED
AND REPORTING ABOUT 20% MORE
ALCOHOL USE ACROSS 30 DAYS. IN
THE SECOND MODEL WE USE TIME
LINE FOLLOW BACK NORMAL, AS THE
REFERENCE GROUP THAT REVEALED A
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE DRINKS REPORTED USING THE
STANDARD TIME LINE FOLLOW BACK
AND THE ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
THAT BEDEVELOPED. SUCH THE
ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT SCALE
REVIEWED MORE ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION. WE ARE UTILIZING
THAT TOOL WE CREATED WITHIN
CONTEXT OF PERSONALIZED
NORMALIZED FEEDBACK
INTERVENTIONS SO PNF
INTERVENTIONS ARE THE
EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED BRIEF
ALCOHOL RELATED INTERVENTIONS
AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS. THE WAY
THEY OPERATE IS THEY TYPICALLY
FUNCTION BY CORRECTING FEEDBACK
BY GIVING STUDENT FEEDBACK FROM
THEIR SELF-REPORTED DRINKING,
THE STUDENTS SELF-REPORT HOW
MUCH THEY DRINK WITHIN A SURVEY.
THEY ALSO REPORT HOW MUCH THEY
THINK THEIR PEERS DRINK SO THAT
PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PEERS
DRINKIDRINKING. AND THEN WE GIVM
THE ACTUAL DESCRIPTIVE NORMS OF
PREVALENCE OF THE BEHAVIOR. WE
ARE UTILIZING THIS WITH AND DATA
COLLECTION IS STILL ONGOING SO I
WILL TALK ABOUT THE TYPES OF
FEEDBACK THAT WE ARE PROVIDING.
BUT WE ARE UTILIZING IT WITHIN A
SOCIAL MEDIA PERSONALIZED
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK INTERVENTION.
WE HAVE FOUR DIFFERENT ARMS OF
FEEDBACK INTERVENTION. FIRST ONE
IS STANDARD ALCOHOL PERSONALIZED
NORMATIVE FEEDBA FEEDBACK. THE D
ONE IS MORE SOCIALIZED SOCIAL
MEDIA PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE
FEEDBACK. THE THIRD IS PA
COMBINATION OF THE TWO. FINALLY
USE AND INTENTIONAL CONTROL. WE
ARE MEASURING DRINKS AS WELL AS
ALCOHOL RELATED PROBLEMS AT
BASELINE THREE MONTHS AND SIX
MONTHS. SO FOR ALCOHOL PERMIZED
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK, THAT
STANDARD FIRST LINE NORMATIVE
FEEDBACK INTERVENTION ASKS
STUDENTS TO HAVE A COMPARE --
HOW THEY COMPARE TO OTHER MALE
OR FEMALE AND USUALLY GENDER
SPECIFIC FEEDBACK IN ORDER FOR
THE REFERENCE GROUP TO BE MORE
SPECIFIC AT THEIR UNIVERSITY.
AND IF THE PERSON DOES NOT FALL
WITHIN -- IF THEY DON'T
SELF-IDENTIFY AS THE SPECIFIC
GENDER WE WILL GIVE THEM THE
NORMS OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSITY.
BUT WE PROVIDE HOW MUCH THE
STUDENTS INDICATED THEY DRINK
PER WEEK. HOW MUCH THEY THINK
THE AVERAGE STUDENT DRINKS PER
WEEK AND PROVIDE WITH A REAL
STATISTIC. AS WELL AS PERCENTILE
RATING. WITH REGARDS TO THE
SOCIAL MEDIA PERSONALIZED
NORMATIVE FEEDBACK CONDITION WE
USING A SIMILAR FORMAT WHERE WE
ARE GIVING THEM GENDER SPECIFIC
FEEDBACK AND UNIVERSITY SPECIFIC
FEEDBACK REGARDING BOTHING
BEHAVIOR AND -- POSTING BEHAVIOR
AND PERCENTILE RATING AND
COMBINE COMBINATION OF BOTH
ALCOHOL PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE
FEEDBACK AS WELL AS SOCIAL MEDIA
PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE FEEDBACK.
FINALLY ATTENTION CONTROL IS
GIVING THEM FEEDBACK ON THEIR
DESSERT CONSUMPTION. WE ASKED
PARTICIPANTS TO TAKE A DESSERT
TIME LINE FOLLOW BACK AND GAVE
THEM FEEDBACK ON THEIR
COMPARISONS RELATED TO OTHER
FEMALES OR MALES 18-26-YEAR-OLD
ON THEIR CHOCOLATE AND CANDY
CONSUMPTION AND WE ALSO GAVE
THEM PERCENTILE RATING. SO WHY
IS THIS IMPORTANT? WE
UNDOUBTEDLY KNOW THAT SOCIAL
MEDIA CHANGES PEOPLE'S BEHAVIOR.
WE HAVE SEEN THAT IN MEDIA, WE
HAVE SEEN EXPERIMENTS
INFORMATION. WE SPECIFICALLY
KNOW THAT ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA IS A BIG
PROBLEM AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE. THAT
IS IT VARIES CONSISTENTLY TO
CONSUMPTION AND PROBLEMS. THE
SOCIAL MEDIA FIRST LIME
NORMATIVE INTERVENTION FEEDBACK
I PRESENTED IS AMONG THE FIRST
OF ITS KIND TO TARGET HEAVY
DRINKING COLLEGE STUDENTS. WE
ARE ALSO HEAVIER ALCOHOL CONTENT
POSTERS BUT MORE INTERVENTIONS
NEED TO BE DIVIDESSED IN THIS
ARENA. THERE'S STILL A LOT WE
DON'T KNOW. SO I PRESENTED ONE
MECHANISM THAT MIGHT BE
UNDERLYING WHY ALCOHOL RELATED
CONTENT IS CONSUMPTION AND
PROBLEMS BUT STILL UNDOUBTEDLY A
LOT MORE. WE ALSO DON'T KNOW WHO
IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALCOHOL
RELATED CONTENT BEING LED TO
CONSUMPTION PROBLEMS GIVEN NOT
ALL HEAVY DRINKERS POST SO THERE
MIGHT BE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.
FOR INSTANCE IN OUR STUDIES WE
TEND TO RECRUIT MORE FEMALE
PARTICIPANTS BECAUSE FEMALES
JUST TEND TO BE MORE INTO SOCIAL
MEDIA AND POSTING ON SOCIAL
MEDIA MORE THAN MALES. BUT THERE
MIGHT BE OTHER INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES THAT WE ARE NOT
AWARE OF, EXTRA BRIDGING, ET
CETERA WE SHOULD CONSIDER. AS
FOR OTHER FUTURE DIRECTIONS,
SOCIAL NETWORKS SHOULD BE
EXPLORED SO NETWORKS WITH
POSITIVE ALCOHOL RELATED CONTENT
MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CYCLICAL
INCREASES IN DRINKING FOR PEOPLE
WITHIN THOSE NETWORKS. ALSO
FINALLY, GIVEN THAT YOU KNOW FOR
SURE THAT SOCIAL MEDIA IS A
MAJOR SOURCE OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE
FEATURE RESEARCH -- FUTURE
RESEARCH SHOULD LEVERAGE THE
TOOL TO PROMOTE REDUCTION OF
DRINKING. SO I WOULD LIKE TO
THANK MY FUNDING SOURCE NIAAA
FOR FUNDING MY K99 R 00 FINALLY
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY
MR. COMMITTE: COLLABORATOR
ROBERT WICKHAM AND CO-MENTORS
MEGHAN MORENO AND NEIGHBORS AS
WELL AS COLLABORATORS THAT I
WORK WITH FREQUENTLY, MAUREEN
AND AS WELL AS MY MENTOR AT
DUCENNES UNIVERSITY. AND FINALLY
IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO STUDY THE
GLOBAL VILLAGE AND I WOULD LIKE
TO THANK FROM THE BOTTOM OF MY
HEART MY TEAM OF RESEARCH
ASSISTANTS AND STAFF MEMBERS WHO
DEDICATED THEIR TIME OVER THE
WEEKENDS AND NIGHTTIMES IN ORDER
TO CULTIVATE THIS RESEARCH.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>> THANK YOU BOTH FOR REALLY
OUTSTANDING TALKS AND REALLY
FASCINATING. SUPPOSEDLY GETTING
QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT. WHILE WE
ARE WAITING FOR THAT I WILL TAKE
THE PREROGATIVE TO ASK YOU
QUESTIONS BUT FIRST A COMMENT.
TEAM OF US PRESENTED AT THE
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ADDICTION
PSYCPSYCHIATRY LAST WEEK AND NUR
OF YOUNG PEOPLE ASKING I GUESS
JUST ENTERING THEIR RESIDENCIES
OR PHYSICI PHYSICIANS THEY WEREG
ABOUT SOME OF THE THINGS WE ARE
ACTUALLY DOING, WHETHER THERE
WERE ANY APPS OUT THERE
NEIGHBORHOOD USE TO CHART SOME
OF THESE MEASURES. ESPECIALLY
DRINKING. THAT WOULD BE FREELY
AVAILABLE. SO I WOULD USUAL YOU
TO KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK. THAT
IS THE FIRST THING I WOULD SAY
TO BOTH OF YOU. THERE'S ALREADY
A BURGEONING INTEREST IN EVEN
YOUNG PEOPLE IN THIS ISSUE.
MAUREEN. FIRST QUESTION THAT
COMES TO MY MIND, HAVE YOU
ANALYZED SEX OR AGE DIFFERENCES
IN THAT GROUP OF 400 ON THE
ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE THAT YOU
STARTED, IS THERE ANYTHING
FLOWING OUT IN THAT REGARD? I
UNDERSTAND THAT YOU GET MORE
WOMEN WHO ARE PARTICIPATING IN
THESE STUDIES, YOU BOTH SAID
THAT, BUT JUST OUT OF CURIOSITY,
IS THERE ANYTHING FALLING OUT IN
THE SEX? AND DOES IT CHANGE WITH
THE AGES OF THE PARTICIPANTS AS
WELL?
>> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. WE
HAVEN'T LOOKED AT SEX
DIFFERENCES YET IN THOSE
STUDIES. I THINK IN OUR PAST
STUDIES WE FOUND THAT WE SEE
INTERVENTION EFFECTS FOR MALES
AND FEMALES THOUGH I THINK THE
LITERATURE SHOWS THAT MAYBE
FEMALES MAYBE MORE RESPONSIVE.
THE CONFOUNDING VARIABLE IS OF
COURSE LEVEL OF DRINKING IN THE
PAST, THOUGH THAT'S NOW MORE
SIMILAR. IN TERMS OF AGE, WE
HAVEN'T LOOKED AT AGE YET. I DO
THINK THAT FOR OUR STUDIES THAT
ARE USING SELECTIVE PREVENTION
AS ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA SORT OF
LEVELS THAT PLAYING FIELD A
LITTLE BIT. BECAUSE IT IS YOUTH
SCREEN POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT
BEHAVIOR REGARDLESS OF AGE
HOWEVER DEFINITELY SOMETHING WE
WILL LOOK AT IN OUR STUDIES.
SOMETIMES IT IS HARD TO DETECT
EFFECTS AMONG YOUNGER KIDS
ESPECIALLY LOWER LEVELS OF
DRINKING. SO OBVIOUSLY POWERING
STUDIES FOR PREVENTION WOULD
LOWER LEVELS REQUIRES LARGER
SAMPLE SIZES SO GIVEN OUR SAMPLE
SIDES IN THAT STUDY, I'M NOT
SURE WE WILL LOOK AT THAT BUT IT
IS SOMETHING TO EXPLORE AND A
REALLY IMPORTANT QUESTION.
>> I WAS INTRIGUED BY TWO
THINGS. I HAVE BEEN INTRIGUED
WITH PRINCIPLES OF
SELF-REGULATION AND ISSUE OF
STANDARDS AND SELF-REGULATION.
MENTIONING FALSE CONSENSUS
EFFECT. IS IT NORMALIZED
PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK ADDRESSING
THAT? ARE YOU LOOKING AT WAYS TO
ADDRESS FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT
IS PROMINENT THINKING YOUNG
PEOPLE EVERYBODY IS DRINKING AS
MUCH OR MORE THAN I AM AND
WONDER WHAT YOU THOUGHT THERE.
>> THAT IS WHAT IT IS DESIGNED
TO DO. PERSONALIZED NORM ACTIVE
FEEDBACK, WITHIN OUR
INTERVENTION WE RECRUIT HEAVIER
DRINKERS. AND WITH THIS SOCIAL
MEDIA NORMALIZED FEEDBACK, THEY
HAVE TO BE HEAVIER POSTERS SO
BOTH CRITERIA. BUT WITHIN THE
LITERATURE WE FOUND BE ABLE TO
GIVE FEEDBACK ON THEIR DRINKING,
WHAT THINK THINK THE AVERAGE
STUDENT IS DRINKING AND ALSO
GIVING THEM ACTUAL PREVALENCE
RATE IS REALLY EFFECTIVE IN
TERMS OF REDUCING THE DRINKING.
WE ALSO ADD THAT INFORMATION
ABOUT WHERE THEY FALL ON THE
SPECK RUM WHICH IS ALSO VERY
IMPACTFUL SO IT MAKES STUDENTS
THINK ABOUT THEIR DRINKING.
ESPECIALLY GIVEN MOST HEAVIER
DRINKERS ARE PROBABLY
SURROUNDING THEMSELVES WITH
OTHER HEAVIER DRINKERS. WHY ARE
THEY SO DISCREPANT FROM THE
GROUP.
>> REALLY INTERESTING. A
QUESTION IS IN THE CHAT FROM
DEBRA, DO YOU FIND DIFFERENCES
WITH HIGH RISK GROUPS FOR X HIGH
ACES INDIVIDUALS I GUESS SHE
MEANS ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EVENT
INDIVIDUALS?
>> THAT IS A WONDERFUL QUESTION
WE DON'T DIRECTLY ASSESS ACES IN
OUR WORK. HOWEVER WE ASSESS
MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS OF
ANXIETY ANDRE PRESENTATION. AND
DURING CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS
TRAUMA EXPERIENCES ARE
FREQUENTLY SOMETHING THAT THE
THERAPIST DEALS WITH IN THOSE
INTERVENTIONS. AND SO IT IS
REALLY IMPORTANT TO ASSESS
MENTAL HEALTH FACTORS AN REALLY
THINK ABOUT THAT AS INTEGRATION
IN THE INTERVENTIONS. INCLUDING
CONNECTING PEOPLE WITH SERVICES
IN OVER TIME EXTENDING BEYOND
ALCOHOL INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS
EARLY CHILDHOOD INFLUENCES.
>> DR. KOOB, DEB IS ON OUR TEAM,
THE ONE RELAYING THE QUESTIONS
ALONG SO DEB IF YOU WOULD YOU
MIGHT BE ABLE TO ASK, MENTION
THE PERSON ASKING IT, THAT'S
GOOD.
>> I THINK THAT WAS FROM DEB
POSSIBLY. ANYWAY, WE HAVE A NEW
QUESTION FROM TIMOTHY HUG GINS.
HOW CAN HIGH SCHOOLS USE THESE
PROGRAMS? MAYBE MAI-LY START
WITH YOU THEN MAUREEN.
>> OKAY. WE ARE USING
PERSONALIZED NORMATIVE FEEDBACK
INTERVENTIONS WITHIN THE COLLEGE
CONTEXT. AND SOMETIMES THESE ARE
EVEN COMPUTERIZED INTERVENTIONS.
SO I THINK IT CAN BE EASILY
TRANSLATED TO THE HIGH SCHOOL
CONTEXT IN THE SENSE WE COULD
DERIVE NORMS FROM THE HIGH
SCHOOL AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK
RELATED TO THAT PARTICULAR HIGH
SCHOOL TO TARGET HEAVY DRINKING
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. WE CAN
ALSO LOOK AT THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA
COSTS AND PROVIDE THEM WITH
FEEDBACK REGARDING THAT AS WELL
>> MAUREEN, A CRACK AT THAT ONE
TOO?
>> SURE. I KNOW SOME PEOPLE ARE
TALKING INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL
HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN SCHOOL
HEALTH CLINICS NOT AVAILABLE IN
ALL SCHOOLS. HIGH SCHOOLS
CLEARLY BUT THAT CUB AN EXCITING
AREA FOR IMPLEMENTATION. THERE
IS WORK IN THE OPIOID PREVENTION
SPACE INTEGRATING APPS FOR
EXAMPLE, INTO SCHOOL HEALTH
CENTERS SO THAT WOULD BE ONE
STARTING PLACE AS A DOOR TO
ENTER. FOR DELIVERY OF THESE
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INTERVENTIONS.
SO I WOULD LOVE TO SEE MORE WORK
IN THAT AREA INTEGRATION INTO
SCHOOLS.
>> I THINK BOTH OF YOU THIS IS
REALLY IMPORTANT STEP FORWARD IN
THE FUTURE. ANOTHER QUESTION
FROM PATRICIA OGORMAN. THOUGHTS
ON TARGETING TECH MESSAGES
AROUND CULTURAL EVENTS SUCH AS
SAINT PATRICK'S DAY? AGAIN
MAI-LY AND THEN MAUREEN.
>> I THINK WE CAN PROBABLY
PROVIDE SOCIAL NORM TYPE OF
FEEDBACK LIKE WITH REGARDS TO
DRINKING RESPONSIBLY. I THINK
YOU CAN PROBABLY DEVISE MORE
TEXT MESSAGE CAMPAIGN REGARDING
THAT. SO WE CAN THINK OF
MESSAGES SUCH AS THE AVERAGE
BIPOLAR STUDENT MIGHT CONSUME X
NUMBER OF ALCOHOL BEVERAGES AND
SAY DURING SAINT PATRICK'S DAY,
HOWEVER THIS CREATES REALLY HIGH
BAC LEVEL AND ALSO GIVE FEEDBACK
ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES. YOU
MIGHT WANT TO HAVE SOMETHING
LIKE A TEXT MESSAGE THAT SAYS
THINK BEFORE YOU DRINK, THAT
KIND OF THING. OR ALSO PROVIDE
THEM WILL THE PROTECTIVE
BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES THEY CAN
UTILIZE DURING THE SAINT
PATRICK'S DAY EVENT OR ENCOURAGE
THEM TO NOT ENGAGE IN BEHAVIORS
LIKE DRUNK DRIVING, SO FORTH.
>> MAUREEN, IN I OTHER THOUGHTS
ON THAT?
>> I WHOLEHEARTEDLY AGREE. IT IS
REALLY ADDRESSING THE WHY AND
THE HOW. WHY THEY ARE ENGAGING
IN THESE BEHAVIORS AND REMINDING
THEM OF STRENGTHS AND REASONS
AND GOALS NOT TO HAVE THESE
CONSEQUENCES AND THEN HOW CHANGE
FOR PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORAL
STRATEGIES AND OTHER SKILLS TO
REDUCE HARM FROM THESE EVENTS
AND WHETHER SAINT SAINT PATRICKY
OR PARTY ON THE WEEKEND OR
VARIETY OF FACTORS. MEGHAN
PATRICK UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
HAS DONE WORK WITH SPRING BREAK
AND TURNING 21 AND SOME OF THOSE
EVENTS WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS AS
WELL.
>> JUST REMIND ME PATRICK
KENNEDY THIS PAST YEAR WAS THE
WHATEVER YOU CALL IT FOR THE
SAINT PATRICK'S DAY SOBER SAINT
PATRICK'S DAY PARADE IN BOSTON.
HE DECIDED TO DO A COUNTER
CULTURE RESPONSE AND ASKED US
FOR MATERIALS. I HAVEN'T GOTTEN
FEEDBACK FROM HIM ON HOW IT BENT
BUT ASSUMING KNOWING HIS CHARM
AND CAPACITY FOR GETTING
MESSAGES ACROSS, IT PROBABLY WAS
A SUCCESS. TRISH POWELL IS
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF NIAAA. I
THINK YOU COULD ACTUALLY UNMUTE
AND ASK YOUR QUESTION YOURSELF.
OR YOU CAN READ IT.
>> I WAS KIND OF CURIOUS, SOME
INDIVIDUALS WERE USING SOCIAL
MEDIA AROUND HOW YOU DRINK IN TO
EITHER OBTAIN OR MAINTAIN
STATUS, SO IT IS IN THEIR BEST
INTEREST TO HAVE PEOPLE THINK
THIS IS COOL BEHAVIOR AND KEEP
THE NORMALIZED VIEW THAT THE
DRINKING IS WHAT EVERYONE DOES.
CURIOUS HOW YOU -- IF YOU CAN
REACH THOSE PEOPLE AND HOW YOU
DIFFUSE THAT BEHAVIOR.
>> WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF USING
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A STATUS, IT IS
VERY RICKY BECAUSE YOU OBVIOUSLY
-- IF THEY STOP (INAUDIBLE) IT
MIGHT BE TAKING THEM AWAY FROM
THEIR SOCIAL GROUP IN MANY
WAYSES SO THAT IS VERY DIFFICULT
TO TACKLE. BUT I THINK ONE OF
THE THINGS WE HAVE BEEN TRYING
TO DO IS TRYING TO GET STUDENTS
TO THINK WHY THEIR BEHAVIORS AND
DRINKING ARE SO DISCREPANT AND
WHAT IS DRIVING THAT BEHAVIOR.
OFTEN TIMES THE RESPONSES WE GET
FROM STUDENTS ARE THAT THEIR
SOCIAL GROUP IS DRIVING
BEHAVIBEHAVIOR. IF THEY ARE
EXPERIENCES CONSEQUENCES AS A
RESULT THEN KIND OF GET THEM TO
TRY TO THINK DEEPER AS TO IS
REALLY THE SOCIAL GROUP YOU
MIGHT WAN TO BE ALIGNING
YOURSELF WITH AND SO FORTH?
ESPECIALLY IF KIND OF THE ONLY
CONNECTION YOU HAVE WITH THEM IS
AROUND ALCOHOL OR ALCOHOL
RELATED POSTS. WE TRY TO GET
THEM TO GET THINGS DEEPER ABOUT
THAT.
>> MAUREEN, DO YOU SEE SAME
QUESTION TO YOU. DO YOU SEE
DIFFERENCES IN THE VIOLENCE WITH
PEOPLE SOCIAL STATUS HAS THAT
BEEN LOOKED AT?
>> I THINK THERE ARE DEFINITELY
DIFFERENCES IN REASONS AND POWER
IS ONE POTENTIAL REASON FOR
VIOLENCE. HOWEVER THE MAJORITY
OF THE REASON IS PROTECTION.
GIVEN THE SITUATIONS PEOPLE ARE
INVOLVED IN. SO I THINK IT IS A
LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT IN THAT
REGARD. . SO THERE IS A REAL
SAFETY ISSUE THAT MANY OF OUR
YOUNG PEOPLE ARE FACING IN THIS
COUNTRY. SO IT IS REALLY A
PROTECTION MOTIVATION I WOULD
SAY.
>> REALLY INTERESTING. ANGELA
HAS A QUESTION. WHAT FUNDING
OPPORTUNITIES EXIST THAT UTILIZE
TECHNOLOGY OR LLNs FOR
ADDRESSING ALCOHOL USE DISORDER,
OTHER SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER? I
DON'T KNOW IF THAT IS IS A
QUESTION FOR YOU OR ME. WHAT IS
AN LLM? AND THEN MAYBE WE CAN
ADD TO THE QUESTION. ANYBODY
KNOW?
>>
>> WELL, I CAN PARTIALLY ANSWER
THE QUESTION BY SAYING WE HAVE A
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATIVE
RESEARCH PROGRAM AT NIAAA. IT IS
ALSO SOMETHING WHERE YOU PAIR UP
WITH INDUSTRY AND ACADEMIC
INSTITUTION. AND YOU CAN DEVELOP
A PRODUCT AND THAT MONEY FOR
THIS PROGRAM DOES NOT COME OUT
OF RO1 GRANT POOL, IT COMES FROM
A SEPARATE POOL. THAT WE HAVE
EVERY YEAR. IT IS FUNDED AND
VERY ACTIVE PROGRAM SO ANYONE
INTERESTED IN OUR SBIR PROGRAM
OR STTR PROGRAM, YOU CAN
CONTACT/GO ON OUR WEBSITE AND
CONTACT MEGHAN RYAN AT NIAAA. I
DON'T KNOW WHETHER EITHER OF YOU
HAVE COMMENTS ABOUT THAT
QUESTION. SO I TOOK CARE OF THAT
ONE I GUESS IF YOU HAVE A BASIC
RESEARCH QUESTION YOU CAN WRITE
AN R21 OR RO1 TO GET FUNDING OR
RO 3. THOSE ARE SMALL GRANTS
THAT GET YOU STARTED, WITHOUT --
R21 CAN BE WORK DEVOTED TO
DEVELOPING AN RO1 AND THEN RO1
IS A REGULAR GRANT MECHANISM.
ROCHELLE MEYERS HOFFMAN, THANK
YOU PRESENTERS AND NIH FOR
HOSTING THIS MUCH NEEDED
WEBCAST. I'M A NON-PROFIT
COMMUNITY/FAITH ORGANIZATION IN
NEW JERSEY. HOW CAN UNDERSERVED
OVERLOOKED AND LOW MODERATE
COMMUNITIES USE THIS
INFORMATION? COMMUNITIES IN IN
NEW JERSEY HAVE NINE LIQUOR
STORES IN CROSS PROXIMITY WITH
ELEMENTARY SLASH HIGH SCHOOLS.
YOU WANT TO ADDRESS THAT FIRST,
GO TO MAI-LY?
>> IT IS A WONDERFUL QUESTION,
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO HAVE
IMPACT IS TO PARTNER WITH LOCAL
COMMUNITY FOLKS THAT ARE BOOTS
ON THE GROUND. IN MICHIGAN WE
PARTNER WITH INJURY PREVENTION
CENTER AND STATE GOVERNMENT TO
HELP ROLL OUT INTERVENTIONS IN
COMMUNITY SETTINGS. SO WE ARE A
BELIEVER IN SHARING EVERYTHING
THAT WE DEVELOPED. SO I KNOW ONE
ADVICE IS A PLACE TO START,
OBVIOUSLY IF INTERESTED IN TEAMS
PLEASE CONTACT ME IF YOU ARE
INTERESTED AND OTHERS ALCOHOL
FOCUS PREVENTION PROGRAMS NICE
PLACE TO START IS YOUR LOCAL
UNIVERSITY OR STATE HEALTH
DEPARTMENT AND GUESSING YOU
MAYBE ALREADY PLUGGED INTO
THOSE. OUR WORK FOCUS ON
DELIVERY HEALTHCARE SETTINGS TO
ADDRESS THE FRONT DOOR OF
CONNECTING WITH YOUNG PEOPLE IS
ONE PLACE TO START. SO SOMETIMES
YOUR LOCAL HEALTH CLINICS AND
THINGS LIKE THAT ARE WAY TO
PARTNER AND FIGURE WHAT ISING BE
DONE IN THIS SPACE IN YOUR
COMMUNITY SO THAT YOU CAN
ORGANIZE TOGETHER THE POLICE
DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS THAT ARE
EVIDENCE BASED. THAT IS AN
UNSATISFYING ANSWER, WISH I HAD
A MORE CLEAR ANSWER FOR YOUR
COMMUNITY IN NEW JERSEY.
>> MAI-LY, YOU WANT TO TAKE A
>> YEAH. I THINK ONE THING THAT
WE ARE HOPING IS THAT PEOPLE
WILL BE ABLE TO USE FOR INSTANCE
OUR ASSESSMENT TOOL WE DEVELOPED
IN ORDER TO STIMULATE
CONVERSATIONS ABOUT YOUNG PEOPLE
SOCIAL MEDIA USE. AND THEIR
DRINKING AND EXACTLY WHY THEY
ARE DOING WHAT THEY ARE DOING.
AND I THINK THAT CAN BE STILL
UTILIZED WITHIN A COMMUNITY
SETTING AND DOESN'T REQUIRE A
LOT OF MONEY OR ANYTHING LIKE
THAT. JUST HAVING ACCESS TO
ASSESSMENT TOOL.
>> AND JUST EXTEND THIS A LITTLE
OUTSIDE OF THE REALM OF DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDIA, WE
DO HAVE COLLEGE AIM THAT IS SENT
TO EVERY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY
IN THE COUNTRY WHICH OUTLINES
PREVENTION PROGRAMS INDIVIDUAL
ONES USED ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES
BUT ALSO COMMUNITY BASED
INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE
EFFECTIVE. YOU CAN REACH BACK TO
OUR WEBSITE AND PLAN HOW TO
CONNECT TO THAT. WHILE DIRECTED
AT ADMINISTRATORS AT COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITY I WOULD THINK ANY
PARENT WOULD BE INTERESTED IN
LOOKING AGENT THAT IF THEY ARE
CENTER SENDING JOHN OR SALLY TO
A UNIVERSITY OR COLLE COLLEGE. T
TOLD ME LLN IS A LEARNING
LANGUAGE MODEL. LLM.
>> THIS IS FRED. I WANT TO
REMIND FOLKS AT YOUR INSTRUCTION
WE EXTRACTED INTERVENTIONS OUT
OF THAT COLLEGE AIM THAT COULD
BE EFFECTIVE FOR ANY YOUNG
ADULTS THAT ALSO ON OUR WEBSITE
SO A YOUNG ADULT INTERVENTION
LIST BASED ON THE COLLEGE AIM.
THAT IS ANOTHER RESOURCE WE HAVE
AVAILABLE ON OUR SITE.
>> HOPE SOME DAY -- THANKS FRED.
FORGOT TO MENTION. WE HOPE SOME
DAY WHAT Y'ALL -- YOU TOO ARE
WORKING ON AND OTHERS WILL BE
INCORPORATED INTO THESE EFFORTS.
WE RECENTLY DID UPDATE COLLEGE
AIM I GUESS A YEAR AGO OR SO. SO
LLM IS A TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE. I'M LEARNING A FEW
THINGS HERE TODAY MYSELF. THERE
IS A QUESTION FOR
(INDISCERNIBLE) DO YOU THINK
THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO
CAPITALIZE ON THE SOBER CURIOUS
MOVEMENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA, USING
NON-ALCOHOL CONTAINING LIQUIDS
SHOWING YOU CAN MAINTAIN THE
QUOTE UNQUOTE FUN AND SOCIAL
IMAGE WHILE REDUCING DRINKING OR
IS THE THOUGHT THAT THIS IS
STILL PROMOTING THE DRINKING
CULTURE? CURIOUS MYSELF TO YOUR
THOUGHTS ON THIS. I WILL IN A
COUPLE OF WEEKS LAUNCH OUR
ANNUAL PRESS INTERVIEW MARATHON
I DO ONCE A YEAR IN DRY OCTOBER
AND DRY JANUARY, WE ALWAYS DO IT
IN JANUARY TO CATCH DRY JANUARY.
MAI-LY, START ON THIS ONE?
>> I THINK IT ABSOLUTELY
POSSIBLE. IN FACT WE ARE LOOKING
AT AN APPLICATION RIGHT NOW TO
DELVE IN THIS PARTICULAR ISSUE.
AS YOU MENTION DRY JAN IS A
WIDELY SOCIAL MEDIA MOVEMENT
WITHIN THE UK AND I THINK WE CAN
DEFINITELY HARNESS SOMETHING
SIMILAR IN THE U.S. I DON'T
THINK IT PROMOTES DRINKING JUST
BECAUSE YOU ARE PROMOTING MOCK
TAILS AND SO FORTH BECAUSE YOU
ARE STILL SHARING INFORMATION
THAT PROMOTES MORE REDUCTION OF
DRINKING AND HOW YOU CAN
SUPPLEMENT AND BE SOCIAL. IN A
SOCIAL CONTEXT WITHOUT THE
DRINKING.
I THINK FOR ME, IT IS FAIRLY
BENEFICIAL.
>> MAUREEN?
>> I COMPLETELY AGREE. IN OUR
INTERVENTIONS WE ALWAYS
INCORPORATE PEER INFLUENCES AND
PEERS TALK ABOUT REALLY HAVING
FUN DOING ACTIVITIES THAT DON'T
INVOLVE DRINKING. THOSE CAN BE
SOBER COCKTAIL CLASSES, I DEAL
WITH ADOLESCENTS SO WE WOULDN'T
TALK ABOUT THAT BUT I THINK
THERE IS MORE THAN JUST
NON-DRINKING DRINKING
ACTIVITIES. THERE IS A LOT OF
WAYS TO HAVE FUN AND ENGAGING
SOBER ACTIVITIES THAT ALLOW
PEOPLE TO GET THAT POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT AS WELL AS
POTENTIALLY SHARING SOCIAL MEDIA
THAT CAN BE SPORTS, LOTS OF
DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES. ART. THAT
IS IN A CRITICAL PART OF THE
INTERVENTION.
>> SO A COMMENT FROM STEPHANIE
MONTEZ. A LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL
LLM IS A SPECIALIZED TYPE OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINED
ON VAST AMOUNTS OF TEXT TO
UNDERSTAND EXISTING CONTENT AND
GENERATE ORIGINAL CONTENT. I'M
GOING TO HAVE TO GET HIP WITH
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IT IS
VERY CLEAR. WE ARE ALMOST AT
TIME. SO DEBRA SAYS THAT WE
DON'T HAVE ANY FURTHER
QUESTIONS. I JUST WANT TO THANK
YOU BOTH PROFUSELY FOR WHAT YOU
ARE DOING AND THE WORK YOU ARE
DOING I THINK THIS IS A
CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AREA. .
AND WE HOPE THAT YOU WILL BE
PART OF OUR EFFORT TO UP OUR
GAME IN THIS DOMAIN. KEEP UP THE
GOOD WORK FROM MY END. BRAVO FOR
BOTH OF YOU FOR REALLY EXCELLENT
TALKS. THANKS A LOT.
>> THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU, DR. KOOB.
>> THANKS, EVERYBODY WHO PARTICIPATED. THIS WAS REALLY INTERESTING.