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GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE.

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NAME -- I'M A PROGRAM AT THE 

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NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD 

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UPS TUT AT NIH.  ON BEHALF OF 

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OBESITY WORKING GROUP I AM 

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EXCITED TO SERVE AS THE 

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MODERATOR OF TODAY'S OBESITY, 

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NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 

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SEMINAR.  PAST PRESENTATIONS 

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HAVE RELATED A VARIETY OF 

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TOPICS.  WE'VE HAD INFORMATION 

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ON TECH KNOWLEDGE, ASSISTED 

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INTERVENTIONS FOR WEIGHT 

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MANAGEMENT, FOOD AND SECURITY IN

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COVID-19, THE ROLE OF TEACHING 

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KITCHENS AND ADDRESSING 

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NUTRITION DISPARITY, HOW TO 

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REDUCE OBESITY IN BALTIMORE AND 

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MANY OTHERS.  TODAY'S 

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PRESENTATIONS IS BY DR. JASON 

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NAGATA.  BEFORE WE START THE 

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PRESENTATION I WANT TO REVIEW A 

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FEW QUICK HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS.  

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THROUGHOUT THE PRESENTATION AND 

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DURING THE Q&A DISCUSSION, 

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PLEASE SEND ANY QUESTIONS YOU 

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HAVE TO THE E-MAIL ADDRESS 

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LISTED ON THE SLIDES.  OR YOU 

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CAN CLICK ON THE LINK AT THE 

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BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN, THE LIVE 

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FEEDBACK BUTTON ON THE VIDEO 

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CAST SCREEN AND YOU SUBMIT A 

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QUESTION OR COMMENT AND THOSE 

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ARE ALL GO TO US AND WE'LL TRY 

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AND GET AS MANY QUESTIONS 

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ANSWERED AS POSSIBLE.  SO NOW TO

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BEGIN, LET ME GO AHEAD AND 

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INTRODUCE OUR SPEAKER.  SO JASON

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NAGATA IS AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

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OF PEDIATRICS AT THE UNIVERSITY 

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OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO.  HE

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IS THE RECIPIENT OF AN NHLIB 

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DEVELOPMENT AWARD AND HAS AN 

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IMPRESSIVE PORTFOLIO LEVERAGING 

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COHORT STUDIES TO STUDY 

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CARDIOVASCULAR AND MENTAL 

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BEHAVIORS.  HE HAS PUBLISHED 

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OVER 250 ARTICLE IN ACADEMIC 

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JOURNALS AND HIS RESEARCH HAS 

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BEEN COVERED EXTENSIVELY BY 

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NATIONAL MEDIA INCLUDING NBC 

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NEWS, NPR, USA TODAY, TIME 

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MAGAZINE, CNN AND U.S. NEWS.  HE

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IS THE RECIPIENT OF THE AMERICAN

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ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS EMERGING 

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LEE 

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LEADER IN ADOLESCENT HEALTH 

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AWARD AND SO WE ARE SO LUCKY TO 

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HAVE HIM HERE TODAY AND I AM 

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VERY EXCITED TO HEAR ABOUT HIS 

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IMPORTANT AND IMPACTFUL RESEARCH

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OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK 

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IN ADOLESCENTS.  SO WELCOME AND 

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PLEASE GO AHEAD AND TAKE IT 

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AWAY.

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>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR
THAT 

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VERY KIND INTRODUCTION.  AND I'M

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JUST SO HONORED TO BE HERE AND 

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GRATEFUL FOR THE NHLBI FOR 

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FUNDING THE RESEARCH THAT YOU'RE

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GOING TO BE HEARING ABOUT TODAY.

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I WANTED TO JUST START BY 

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MENTIONING THAT I REALLY GOT 

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INTERESTED IN ADOLESCENT SCREEN 

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USE RESEARCH PARTICULARLY DURING

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THE PANDEMIC.  AS MENTIONED, I'M

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A PHYSICIAN, A PEDIATRICIAN WHO 

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SPECIALIZES IN YOUNG ADULT 

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HEALTH AND MY PRIMARY CLINICAL 

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POPULATION IS ADOLESCENTS AN 

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YOUNG ADULTS WITH EATING 

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DISORDERS AND IT WAS VERY CLEAR 

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TO ME ESPECIALLY DURING THE 

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PANDEMIC HOW MUCH SCREEN 

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EXPOSURE YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE TODAY

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AND HOW IT CAN IMPACT BOTH THEIR

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MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH.  I 

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REMEMBER THAT MANY OF MY 

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PATIENTS REPORTED INCREDIBLE 

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AMOUNTS OF SCREEN USE ESPECIALLY

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DURING THE PANDEMIC AND HOW THAT

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COULD HAVE IMPACTED THEIR 

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OVERALL MENTAL HEALTH AND 

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PHYSICAL WELL BEING AND THAT LED

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TO MY INTEREST IF DELVING DEEPER

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INTO SOME OF THESE STUDIES TO 

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UNDERSTAND MORE LONG-TERM RISKS 

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OF ADOLESCENT SCREEN USE AND 

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WHAT THEY'RE EXPOSED TO TODAY 

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MORE THAN EVER BEFORE.  SO 

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OVERALL MY RESEARCH GOAL IS TO 

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STUDY DOWNSTREAM HEALTH EFFECTS 

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OF ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT 

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BEHAVIORS IN ORDER TO INFORM 

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CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 

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GUIDELINES TO PREVENT DISEASE 

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LATER IN ADULTHOOD.  ADOLESCENCE

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IS A REALLY IMPORTANT PERIOD 

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WHERE PEOPLE ARE DEVELOPING 

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LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS THAT THEY 

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MAY CONTINUE FOR THE REST OF 

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THEIR LIVES AND SO IT'S VERY 

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IMPORTANT THAT WE INTERVENE AND 

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PREVENT SO THAT THE HEALTHY 

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LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS CAN CONTINUE

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THROUGH THE TRANSITION TO 

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ADULTHOOD AND LATER ADULTHOOD.  

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AS MENTIONED, I'M A A JUNIOR 

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INVESTIGATOR WHO WAS LUCKY 

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ENOUGH TO GET A CAREER 

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DEVELOPMENT AWARD FROM THE 

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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

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AND SPECIFICALLY THAT AWARD 

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SUPPORTED ME IN ANALYZING THREE 

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DIFFERENT LARGE LONG-TERM COHORT

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STUDIES THAT HAVE FOLLOWED 

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PEOPLE FROM EITHER ADOLESCENCE 

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OR YOUNG ADULTHOOD FOR MANY 

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YEARS TO UNDERSTAND ASSOCIATIONS

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WITH ADOLESCENCE SCREEN USE AND 

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THEN FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR 

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DISEASE RISKS IN ORDER TO INFORM

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SCREEN USE GUIDELINES SO I'M 

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VERY HAPPY TO SHARE SOME OF 

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THOSE RESULTS WITH YOU DURING 

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TODAY'S PRESENTATION.  SO JUST 

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AS AN OVERVIEW OF TODAY'S TALK, 

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I AM GOING TO TALK ABOUT SOME OF

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THE RESULTS FROM THE THREE 

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STUDIES THAT I HAVE ANALYZED.  

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THE FIRST IS FROM THE CORONARY 

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ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG

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ADULT STUDY WHICH LOOKED AT 

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TELEVISION VIEWING IN YOUNG 

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ADULTS AND HAS HAD OVER 38 YEARS

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OF FOLLOWUP NOW SO IT CAN REALLY

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LOOK AT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

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RISK FACTORS AND EVEN PREMATURE 

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS 

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LIKE STROKE AND SECOND I'LL TALK

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ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 

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ADOLESCENT TO ADULT HEALTH.  BUT

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FROM A SLIGHTLY EARLIER AGE 

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STARTING AT AGE 11 FOR 

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TELEVISION VIEWER EXPOSURE, OVER

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24 YEARS AND FUTURE 

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK 

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FACTORS.  AND FINALLY, I 

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ACTUALLY AM GOING TO SPEND MOST 

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TIME TALKING ABOUT A 

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CONTEMPORARY COHORT WHICH IS 

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STILL ON GOING, STARTED IN 2016 

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AND HAS -- SO I WILL PROVIDE A 

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LITTLE BIT MORE DETAILS ABOUT 

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THE STUDY DESIGN AND MEASURES OF

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THE ABCD STUDY AND THEN I THINK 

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ONE OF THE NEW ASPECTS OF THAT 

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IS THAT IN ADDITION TO 

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TELEVISION VIEWING, THEY MEASURE

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A LOT OF MORE CONTEMPORARY 

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SCREEN USE TRENDS INCLUDING 

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YOUTUBE, SOCIAL MEDIA, VIDEO 

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GAMES, AND SO WE'LL TALK A 

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LITTLE BIT ACTUALLY ABOUT JUST 

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CONTEMPORARY SCREEN USE TRENDS 

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THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND IN THE ABCD

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STUDY AND THEN TALK ABOUT SOME 

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OF THE FINDINGS OF CONTEMPORARY 

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SCREEN USE AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

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DISEASE RISK FACTORS.  

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         AND FINALLY, I WILL TRY

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TO TIE THESE IN TO THE EXISTING 

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GUIDELINES FOR SCREEN USE AND 

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HOW THIS RESEARCH CAN INFORM 

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MORE UPDATED GUIDANCE FOR 

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ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS 

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PARTICULARLY ON HOW TO BEST USE 

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THE MORE CONTEMPORARY SCREEN 

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EXPOSURES LIKE THE SOCIAL MEDIA 

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AND YOUTUBE.  SO TO BEGIN, I 

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WANTED TO START WITH THE 

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CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT

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IN YOUNG ADULT STUDY.  THIS WAS 

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A LONG-TERM NATIONAL COHORT THAT

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STARTED IN THE 1980S WITH 18 TO 

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30-YEAR-OLDS.  SO YOUNG ADULTS. 

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THERE ARE OVER 5,000 

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PARTICIPANTS AT THE START OF THE

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STUDY AND THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED

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TO BE APPROXIMATELY EQUALLY 

201
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DESIGNED IN TERMS OF BLACK AND 

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WHITE PARTICIPANTS AS WELL AS 

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MEN AND WOMEN AND THE 

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RECRUITMENT WAS FROM FOUR 

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DIFFERENT SITES ACROSS THE U.S. 

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IN BIRMINGHAM, CHICAGO, 

207
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MINNEAPOLIS AND OAKLAND.  NOW, 

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STARTING IN THE FIFTH YEAR OF 

209
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THE CARDIA STUDY, QUESTIONS 

210
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ABOUT TELEVISION VIEWING WERE 

211
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INTRODUCED AND SO WE HAVE 

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QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TELEVISION 

213
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VIEWING APPROXIMATELY EVERY FIVE

214
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YEARS SINCE 1990.  AND SO THAT 

215
00:08:06,789 --> 00:08:09,225
WAS THE MEAN EXPOSURE OF 

216
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TELEVISION VIEWING THAT WAS 

217
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MEASURED FOR THIS ANALYSIS AND 

218
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SINCE THAT STARTED A LITTLE BIT 

219
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LATER THE SAMPLE SIZE IS 

220
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SMALLER.  IT'S ABOUT 4,300.  SO 

221
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AS MENTIONED, THE MAIN EXPOSURE 

222
00:08:24,073 --> 00:08:25,341
OR RISK FACTOR THAT WAS EXAMINED

223
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HERE WAS TELEVISION VIEWING AS 

224
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MEASURED BY SELF-REPORTED HOURS 

225
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PER DAY, WHICH WAS MEASURED 

226
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EVERY FIVE YEARS STARTING IN THE

227
00:08:33,049 --> 00:08:34,383
FIFTH YEAR.  AND FROM THOSE 

228
00:08:34,383 --> 00:08:39,756
REPEATED MEASURES OF TELEVISION 

229
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VIEWING, WE FIRST LOOKED AT THE 

230
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LEVEL OF APPROXIMATELY AGE 23.  

231
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SO IN THE YOUNG ADULT PERIOD AND

232
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WE ALSO LOOKED AT TRENDS OVER 

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TIME.  SO WE LOOKED AT IF THERE 

234
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WAS LIKE AN ANNUAL INCREASE OR 

235
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DECREASE AND SO WE LOOKED AT 

236
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BASICALLY THE RATE OF CHANGE OF 

237
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TELEVISION VIEWING SINCE YOUNG 

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ADULTHOOD.  THE CARDIA STUDLY 

239
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HAS A LOT OF REALLY RICH 

240
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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OUTCOME 

241
00:09:07,650 --> 00:09:10,419
MEASURES INCLUDING OBESITY, 

242
00:09:10,419 --> 00:09:12,021
DIABETES AND CHOLESTEROL WHICH 

243
00:09:12,021 --> 00:09:13,489
WERE ALSO COLLECTED AT EACH OF 

244
00:09:13,489 --> 00:09:16,859
THE FIVE-YEAR FOLLOWUPS AS WELL 

245
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AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS

246
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LIKE HEART ATTACK OR CORONARY 

247
00:09:21,030 --> 00:09:22,832
HEART DISEASE, HEART FAILURE, 

248
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STROKE, OR A COMBINED OUTCOME 

249
00:09:26,002 --> 00:09:28,371
THAT WAS ANY OF THE 

250
00:09:28,371 --> 00:09:29,272
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OUTCOMES.

251
00:09:29,272 --> 00:09:33,075
AND THIS WAS ASCERTAINED THROUGH

252
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PARTICIPANT CONTACT AND VITAL 

253
00:09:35,278 --> 00:09:36,212
SEARCHES, MEDICAL RECORD 

254
00:09:36,212 --> 00:09:40,750
SEARCHES AND SEARCHES OF THE 

255
00:09:40,750 --> 00:09:43,586
NATIONAL DEATH INDEX.  SO JUST 

256
00:09:43,586 --> 00:09:45,354
TO SUMMARIZE THE OVERALL 

257
00:09:45,354 --> 00:09:46,222
TELEVISION VIEWING TRENDS DURING

258
00:09:46,222 --> 00:09:49,458
THE COURSE OF THE CARDIA STUDY, 

259
00:09:49,458 --> 00:09:51,894
AS YOU CAN SEE, THERE WERE 

260
00:09:51,894 --> 00:09:55,164
DISPARITIES IN TERMS OF HOURS 

261
00:09:55,164 --> 00:09:55,998
PER DAY OF TELEVISION VIEWING 

262
00:09:55,998 --> 00:09:58,334
PARTICULARLY BY RACE, SO BLACK 

263
00:09:58,334 --> 00:10:01,070
MEN AND BLACK WOMEN WHO ARE THE 

264
00:10:01,070 --> 00:10:04,540
BLUE AND GREEN GENERALLY HAD 

265
00:10:04,540 --> 00:10:06,175
HIGHER AVERAGE TELEVISION 

266
00:10:06,175 --> 00:10:08,477
VIEWING THAN WHITE MEN AND WOMEN

267
00:10:08,477 --> 00:10:10,713
WHO ARE THE RED AND YELLOW 

268
00:10:10,713 --> 00:10:11,814
COLORS HERE.  BUT YOU CAN SEE 

269
00:10:11,814 --> 00:10:15,117
THAT ACTUALLY OVERALL IN THE 

270
00:10:15,117 --> 00:10:17,553
CARDIA STUDY, ON AVERAGE 

271
00:10:17,553 --> 00:10:20,456
TELEVISION VIEWING WAS MOSTLY 

272
00:10:20,456 --> 00:10:21,691
STABLE ON AVERAGE, BUT THERE 

273
00:10:21,691 --> 00:10:22,658
WERE CERTAINLY INDIVIDUALS 

274
00:10:22,658 --> 00:10:24,994
WITHIN THE STUDY WHO HAD 

275
00:10:24,994 --> 00:10:27,763
INCREASES OR DECREASES OVER 

276
00:10:27,763 --> 00:10:31,434
TIME.  SO WHEN WE LOOKED AT 

277
00:10:31,434 --> 00:10:32,635
ASSOCIATIONS WITH BOTH 

278
00:10:32,635 --> 00:10:34,804
TELEVISION VIEWING LEVEL AT AGE 

279
00:10:34,804 --> 00:10:36,072
23 SO THAT WAS WHEN THE QUESTION

280
00:10:36,072 --> 00:10:39,442
WAS FIRST INTRODUCED, WE CAN SEE

281
00:10:39,442 --> 00:10:41,544
THAT YOUNG ADULT LEVELS OF 

282
00:10:41,544 --> 00:10:44,180
TELEVISION VIEWING AT AGE 23 WAS

283
00:10:44,180 --> 00:10:47,950
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER ODDS OF 

284
00:10:47,950 --> 00:10:50,953
SUBSEQUENT OBESITY, 

285
00:10:50,953 --> 00:10:52,922
HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, HIGH 

286
00:10:52,922 --> 00:10:55,992
TRIGLYCERIDES AND DYSLIPIDEMIA, 

287
00:10:55,992 --> 00:10:58,728
WHICH INCLUDES HIGH 

288
00:10:58,728 --> 00:11:04,100
TRIGLYCERIDES, MORE LOW HDL 

289
00:11:04,100 --> 00:11:04,967
CHOLESTEROL.  AND THESE WERE 

290
00:11:04,967 --> 00:11:09,338
BASED ON THESE OUTCOMES OVER 

291
00:11:09,338 --> 00:11:11,440
TIME.  AND WE ALSO SAW ON THE 

292
00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:12,975
RIGHT THAT IF THERE WERE 

293
00:11:12,975 --> 00:11:14,644
INCREASES IN DAILY TELEVISION 

294
00:11:14,644 --> 00:11:17,480
VIEWING AFTER YOUNG ADULTHOOD, 

295
00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:19,782
SO SORT OF THE CHANGE OVER TIME,

296
00:11:19,782 --> 00:11:22,985
THERE ARE ALSO ASSOCIATIONS WITH

297
00:11:22,985 --> 00:11:24,020
SOME OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR 

298
00:11:24,020 --> 00:11:27,156
DISEASE RISK OUTCOMES.  SO AFTER

299
00:11:27,156 --> 00:11:29,992
YOUNG ADULTHOOD, IF THESE 

300
00:11:29,992 --> 00:11:31,661
PARTICIPANTS HAD RISES IN THEIR 

301
00:11:31,661 --> 00:11:33,562
TELEVISION VIEWING, THAT WAS 

302
00:11:33,562 --> 00:11:36,532
ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY, 

303
00:11:36,532 --> 00:11:38,401
HYPERTENSION, LOW HDL 

304
00:11:38,401 --> 00:11:40,069
CHOLESTEROL, HIGH TRIGLYCERIDES 

305
00:11:40,069 --> 00:11:45,141
AND DYSLIPIDEMIA.  SIMILARLY, 

306
00:11:45,141 --> 00:11:49,011
WHEN WE LOOK AT THE PREMATURE 

307
00:11:49,011 --> 00:11:50,379
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS, 

308
00:11:50,379 --> 00:11:52,748
THERE WERE SIMILAR FINDINGS, SO 

309
00:11:52,748 --> 00:11:55,651
AT AGE 23, LEVELS OF TELEVISION 

310
00:11:55,651 --> 00:11:58,321
VIEWING WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 

311
00:11:58,321 --> 00:12:00,756
CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND ANY 

312
00:12:00,756 --> 00:12:01,390
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS 

313
00:12:01,390 --> 00:12:02,892
AND SUBSEQUENT INCREASES IN 

314
00:12:02,892 --> 00:12:04,760
TELEVISION VIEWING AFTER YOUNG 

315
00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:06,762
ADULTHOOD WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 

316
00:12:06,762 --> 00:12:08,731
CORONARY HEART DISEASE, STROKE 

317
00:12:08,731 --> 00:12:10,733
AND ANY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

318
00:12:10,733 --> 00:12:13,336
EVENT.  AND SO I THINK ONE OF 

319
00:12:13,336 --> 00:12:15,705
THE REAL RICHNESS OF THE CARDIA 

320
00:12:15,705 --> 00:12:16,939
STUDY IS THAT BECAUSE THERE'S 

321
00:12:16,939 --> 00:12:18,874
BEEN OVER 30 YEARS OF FOLLOWUP 

322
00:12:18,874 --> 00:12:21,243
NOW, YOU KNOW, THE PARTICIPANTS 

323
00:12:21,243 --> 00:12:25,114
ARE NOW IN THEIR 60S AND WE ARE 

324
00:12:25,114 --> 00:12:29,318
ABLE TO ACTUALLY REALLY FOLLOW, 

325
00:12:29,318 --> 00:12:31,420
YOU KNOW, FOLLOW THESE 

326
00:12:31,420 --> 00:12:32,321
PARTICIPANTS FOR MANY DECADES 

327
00:12:32,321 --> 00:12:34,657
AND THEY ARE NOW AT THE AGE 

328
00:12:34,657 --> 00:12:36,258
WHERE UNFORTUNATELY SOME OF THEM

329
00:12:36,258 --> 00:12:37,226
ARE AFFECTED BY CARDIOVASCULAR 

330
00:12:37,226 --> 00:12:39,362
DISEASE EVENTS AND THERE ARE 

331
00:12:39,362 --> 00:12:40,429
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TELEVISION 

332
00:12:40,429 --> 00:12:43,599
VIEWING IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD AND 

333
00:12:43,599 --> 00:12:45,234
FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 

334
00:12:45,234 --> 00:12:47,303
EVENTS.  SO THERE'S JUST A VERY 

335
00:12:47,303 --> 00:12:48,471
LONG FOLLOWUP PERIOD, WHICH I 

336
00:12:48,471 --> 00:12:53,509
THINK IS UNIQUE FOR THIS STUDY. 

337
00:12:53,509 --> 00:12:57,546
I NEXT WANTED TO TALK ABOUT THE 

338
00:12:57,546 --> 00:12:59,382
NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 

339
00:12:59,382 --> 00:13:02,084
ADOLESCENT TO ADULT HEALTH.  

340
00:13:02,084 --> 00:13:04,553
THIS IS A REPRESENTATIVE COHORT 

341
00:13:04,553 --> 00:13:05,855
OF ADOLESCENTS THAT STARTED AT 

342
00:13:05,855 --> 00:13:08,324
AGE 11 TO 18 AND HAVE BEEN 

343
00:13:08,324 --> 00:13:11,861
FOLLOWED TO ADULTHOOD.  THE 

344
00:13:11,861 --> 00:13:13,362
SAMPLE SIZE OF THIS STUDY WAS 

345
00:13:13,362 --> 00:13:15,798
INITIALLY OVER 20,000 AND IT WAS

346
00:13:15,798 --> 00:13:17,867
SAMPLED ACROSS 132 SCHOOLS 

347
00:13:17,867 --> 00:13:18,901
THROUGH THE UNITED STATES IN 

348
00:13:18,901 --> 00:13:21,771
BOTH RURAL AND URBAN SETTINGS.  

349
00:13:21,771 --> 00:13:23,506
SO THE START OF THIS STUDY WAS 

350
00:13:23,506 --> 00:13:28,144
IN 1994 TO 1995.  WITH 11 TO 18 

351
00:13:28,144 --> 00:13:30,746
YEARS OLD WHO WERE IN GRADES 7 

352
00:13:30,746 --> 00:13:33,382
TO 12 AND THEN THERE HAVE BEEN 

353
00:13:33,382 --> 00:13:35,484
NOW FIVE SUBSEQUENT WAVES OF 

354
00:13:35,484 --> 00:13:37,486
FOLLOWUP AND IT IS ALSO ON 

355
00:13:37,486 --> 00:13:42,425
ANGOING STUDY SO WAVE VI IS NOT 

356
00:13:42,425 --> 00:13:44,193
YET AVAILABLE BUT IT IS ONGOING.

357
00:13:44,193 --> 00:13:47,029
SO WE DID USE ALL FIVE WAVES OF 

358
00:13:47,029 --> 00:13:49,231
DATA AND SO NOW PARTICIPANTS ARE

359
00:13:49,231 --> 00:13:53,969
IN THEIR 30S TO 40S.  ADD HEALTH

360
00:13:53,969 --> 00:13:55,704
ALSO HAD A MEASURE OF TELEVISION

361
00:13:55,704 --> 00:13:59,542
VIEWING ACROSS THE FIVE REPEATED

362
00:13:59,542 --> 00:14:00,109
MEASURES.  SIMILARLY IT WAS 

363
00:14:00,109 --> 00:14:02,478
HOURS PER DAY OF SELF-REPORTED 

364
00:14:02,478 --> 00:14:05,614
TELEVISION VIEWING AND THEY DID 

365
00:14:05,614 --> 00:14:06,749
MEASURE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT FROM 

366
00:14:06,749 --> 00:14:09,552
WHICH WE COULD GET BODY MASS 

367
00:14:09,552 --> 00:14:11,921
INDEX AND OBESITY AND THEN 

368
00:14:11,921 --> 00:14:14,523
STARTING IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH

369
00:14:14,523 --> 00:14:18,027
WAVES, THE ADD HEALTH STUDY 

370
00:14:18,027 --> 00:14:19,995
MEASURED WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, 

371
00:14:19,995 --> 00:14:20,596
HYPERTENSION, DIABETES AND 

372
00:14:20,596 --> 00:14:21,730
CHOLESTEROL AND SO WE DID A 

373
00:14:21,730 --> 00:14:24,400
SIMILAR ANALYSIS AS FROM THE 

374
00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:26,001
CARDIA STUDY EXCEPT AS I 

375
00:14:26,001 --> 00:14:27,069
MENTIONED THESE ARE SLIGHTLY 

376
00:14:27,069 --> 00:14:28,671
YOUNGER PARTICIPANTS.  AT 

377
00:14:28,671 --> 00:14:30,239
BASELINE THEY'RE IN THEIR 

378
00:14:30,239 --> 00:14:31,358
TEENAGER YEARS.  

379
00:14:31,358 --> 00:14:32,126
 CONTINUING ON, 

380
00:14:32,126 --> 00:14:34,361
YOU WAS JUST SUMMARIZING THE 

381
00:14:34,361 --> 00:14:35,796
FINDINGS FROM THE ADD HEALTH 

382
00:14:35,796 --> 00:14:37,765
STUDY AND OVERALL WE HAD SIMILAR

383
00:14:37,765 --> 00:14:39,667
FINDINGS TO THE CARDIA STUDY BUT

384
00:14:39,667 --> 00:14:40,968
THIS WAS FROM A YOUNGER AGE 

385
00:14:40,968 --> 00:14:44,972
GROUP SO AGAIN, STARTING IF 

386
00:14:44,972 --> 00:14:45,639
ADOLESCENCE.  IN THE ADD HEALTH 

387
00:14:45,639 --> 00:14:47,408
STUDY AVERAGE AMOUNT OF SCREEN 

388
00:14:47,408 --> 00:14:49,576
OR TELEVISION VIEWING WAS ABOUT 

389
00:14:49,576 --> 00:14:52,079
2.86 HOURS PER DAY AND THIS WAS 

390
00:14:52,079 --> 00:14:54,748
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER ODDS OF 

391
00:14:54,748 --> 00:14:58,452
SUBSEQUENT DIABETES, HIGHER 

392
00:14:58,452 --> 00:14:59,086
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND INCREASE

393
00:14:59,086 --> 00:15:01,522
THE BMI AT 24 YEARS FOLLOWUP.  

394
00:15:01,522 --> 00:15:03,457
SO OVERALL, SIMILAR FINDINGS TO 

395
00:15:03,457 --> 00:15:04,758
THE CARDIA STUDY BUT WITH 

396
00:15:04,758 --> 00:15:08,162
TELEVISION VIEWING MEASURED FROM

397
00:15:08,162 --> 00:15:12,566
ADOLESCENCE AND THEN INTO 

398
00:15:12,566 --> 00:15:14,234
PARTICIPANTS 30S AND 40S.  SO I 

399
00:15:14,234 --> 00:15:16,136
DO THINK THAT SOME OF THE 

400
00:15:16,136 --> 00:15:17,705
STRENGTHS OF THE ADD HEALTH AND 

401
00:15:17,705 --> 00:15:21,008
THE CARDIA STUDIES WERE FOCUSES 

402
00:15:21,008 --> 00:15:23,777
ON ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG 

403
00:15:23,777 --> 00:15:26,847
ADULTHOOD RESPECTIVELY WHICH I 

404
00:15:26,847 --> 00:15:28,649
MENTIONED IS A REALLY IMPORTANT 

405
00:15:28,649 --> 00:15:29,249
DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD WHEN 

406
00:15:29,249 --> 00:15:31,352
LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS LIKE SCREEN 

407
00:15:31,352 --> 00:15:33,020
USE ARE DEVELOPING AND CAN SORT 

408
00:15:33,020 --> 00:15:35,622
OF SET PATTERNS FOR THE REST OF 

409
00:15:35,622 --> 00:15:37,424
ADULTHOOD AND WE HAD REPEATED 

410
00:15:37,424 --> 00:15:39,259
MEASURES ACROSS LONG FOLLOWUP 

411
00:15:39,259 --> 00:15:44,164
PERIOD OF BOTH TELEVISION R

412
00:15:44,164 --> 00:15:47,334
VIEWING AND SOME OF THE 

413
00:15:47,334 --> 00:15:48,302
CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME MEASURES.

414
00:15:48,302 --> 00:15:50,838
WHILE THIS HAS ALLOWED US TO 

415
00:15:50,838 --> 00:15:53,874
HAVE LONG-TERM FOLLOWUP, SOME OF

416
00:15:53,874 --> 00:15:56,410
THE LIMITATIONS AT LEAST FOR 

417
00:15:56,410 --> 00:15:58,746
THE -- FOR 2023 ARE THAT THE 

418
00:15:58,746 --> 00:16:00,814
FOCUS OF SCREEN EXPOSURE AND 

419
00:16:00,814 --> 00:16:02,850
THOSE STUDIES WERE TELEVISION 

420
00:16:02,850 --> 00:16:03,517
VIEWING WHICH WAS APPROPRIATE 

421
00:16:03,517 --> 00:16:06,520
FOR THE 80S AND 90S AS THAT WAS 

422
00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:09,123
REALLY THE DOMINANT SCREEN 

423
00:16:09,123 --> 00:16:10,124
EXPOSURE, BUT TODAY'S 

424
00:16:10,124 --> 00:16:11,759
ADOLESCENTS ARE EXPOSED TO MANY 

425
00:16:11,759 --> 00:16:14,395
OTHER CONTEMPORARY SCREEN 

426
00:16:14,395 --> 00:16:18,165
MODALITIES BEYOND TELEVISION 

427
00:16:18,165 --> 00:16:19,967
VIEWING ALTHOUGH IT IS CERTAINLY

428
00:16:19,967 --> 00:16:22,870
ONE OF THEM.  AND ALSO, TODAY'S 

429
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:24,304
ADOLESCENTS AN YOUNG ADULTS 

430
00:16:24,304 --> 00:16:26,407
GENERALLY ARE EXPOSED TO MORE 

431
00:16:26,407 --> 00:16:27,608
SCREEN EXPOSURE THAN THEY WERE 

432
00:16:27,608 --> 00:16:31,678
IN THE 80S AND 90S AND SO REALLY

433
00:16:31,678 --> 00:16:33,414
UNDERSTANDING HOW CONTEMPORARY 

434
00:16:33,414 --> 00:16:35,616
EXPOSURES AND IN DIFFERENT 

435
00:16:35,616 --> 00:16:38,385
CONTEXTS MAY IMPACT HEALTH 

436
00:16:38,385 --> 00:16:40,587
INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

437
00:16:40,587 --> 00:16:42,389
RISK.  SO NOW I'M GOING TO TALK 

438
00:16:42,389 --> 00:16:44,591
A LITTLE BIT MORE IN DEPTH ABOUT

439
00:16:44,591 --> 00:16:47,428
THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN COGNITIVE 

440
00:16:47,428 --> 00:16:49,296
DEVELOPMENT STUDY OR THE ABCD 

441
00:16:49,296 --> 00:16:51,365
STUDY AND I THINK SOME OF THE 

442
00:16:51,365 --> 00:16:54,468
ADVANTAGES OF THE ABCD STUDY ARE

443
00:16:54,468 --> 00:16:56,837
THAT FIRST IT'S A CONTEMPORARY 

444
00:16:56,837 --> 00:16:58,439
COHORT.  AS I MENTIONED IT 

445
00:16:58,439 --> 00:17:00,374
STARTED IN 2016 TO 2018 AND 

446
00:17:00,374 --> 00:17:01,809
THERE WAS ONGOING CURRENT DATA 

447
00:17:01,809 --> 00:17:06,213
COLLECTION SO THE MEASURES ARE 

448
00:17:06,213 --> 00:17:08,849
ALL CONTEMPORARY AND IT CAPTURES

449
00:17:08,849 --> 00:17:12,586
SORT OF NOVEL MEASURES OF SCREEN

450
00:17:12,586 --> 00:17:13,353
EXPOSURE, WHICH I'LL TALK A 

451
00:17:13,353 --> 00:17:15,622
ABOUT A LITTLE BIT LATER.  IT 

452
00:17:15,622 --> 00:17:19,393
ALSO IS A LONGITUDINAL STUDY AND

453
00:17:19,393 --> 00:17:19,993
SO HAS ANNUAL DATA COLLECTION 

454
00:17:19,993 --> 00:17:24,298
FOR AT LEAST A DECADE AND IS 

455
00:17:24,298 --> 00:17:28,469
ALSO DEMOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE 

456
00:17:28,469 --> 00:17:32,840
LARGE NATIONAL SAMPLE.  SO THE 

457
00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:37,711
ABCD STUDY IS THE LONGst STUDY 

458
00:17:37,711 --> 00:17:40,214
OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND CHILD 

459
00:17:40,214 --> 00:17:44,318
HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES.  IT

460
00:17:44,318 --> 00:17:45,619
STARTED WITH 9 AND 10 YEARS AND 

461
00:17:45,619 --> 00:17:47,354
THE BASELINE SAMPLE WAS A LITTLE

462
00:17:47,354 --> 00:17:49,089
LESS THAN 13,000 PARTICIPANTS.  

463
00:17:49,089 --> 00:17:50,824
THERE WERE MEASURES ON SCREEN 

464
00:17:50,824 --> 00:17:53,160
USE, MENTAL HEALTH, SUBSTANCE 

465
00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:56,830
USE, BRAIN IMAGING, BIO 

466
00:17:56,830 --> 00:18:02,402
SPECIMENS AND MANY OTHERS.  THIS

467
00:18:02,402 --> 00:18:04,204
IS A MAP OF THE 21 DIFFERENT 

468
00:18:04,204 --> 00:18:05,038
STUDY SITES ACROSS THE UNITED 

469
00:18:05,038 --> 00:18:08,075
STATES.  AS YOU CAN SEE, IT'S 

470
00:18:08,075 --> 00:18:08,775
GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE AND 

471
00:18:08,775 --> 00:18:12,479
THERE'S ALSO A NUMBER OF FEDERAL

472
00:18:12,479 --> 00:18:14,381
PARTNERS WHO SUPPORTED THE ABCD 

473
00:18:14,381 --> 00:18:16,717
STUDY, MANY FROM THE NATIONAL 

474
00:18:16,717 --> 00:18:17,351
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH INCLUDING 

475
00:18:17,351 --> 00:18:19,219
THE NATIONAL HEART, BLOOD AND 

476
00:18:19,219 --> 00:18:23,490
LUNG INSTITUTE AS WELL AS OTHER 

477
00:18:23,490 --> 00:18:24,892
FEDERAL PARTNERS.  SO I'M GOING 

478
00:18:24,892 --> 00:18:26,727
TO FOCUS A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE 

479
00:18:26,727 --> 00:18:29,263
SCREEN USE MEASURES IN THE ABCD.

480
00:18:29,263 --> 00:18:31,265
SO THERE'S ACTUALLY MULTIPLE 

481
00:18:31,265 --> 00:18:32,833
WAYS THAT THESE ARE ASSESSED IN 

482
00:18:32,833 --> 00:18:35,269
THE ABCD STUDY.  THE FIRST IS 

483
00:18:35,269 --> 00:18:38,405
FROM THE YOUTH SURVEY, SO THE 

484
00:18:38,405 --> 00:18:39,673
ADOLESCENTS THEMSELVES ARE GIVEN

485
00:18:39,673 --> 00:18:41,141
A SURVEY THAT ASKS THEM ABOUT 

486
00:18:41,141 --> 00:18:43,443
THE TOTAL TIME THEY'VE SPENT 

487
00:18:43,443 --> 00:18:46,380
ACROSS DIFFERENT MODALITIES AND 

488
00:18:46,380 --> 00:18:48,582
THEN SPECIFICALLY THEIR SCREEN 

489
00:18:48,582 --> 00:18:52,085
USE AT BEDTIME, CYBER BULLYING 

490
00:18:52,085 --> 00:18:53,086
EXPOSURE OR PERPETRATION AND 

491
00:18:53,086 --> 00:18:56,323
THEN ALSO MEASURES OF 

492
00:18:56,323 --> 00:18:58,125
PROBLEMATIC SCREEN USE.  SO 

493
00:18:58,125 --> 00:19:00,060
THESE ARE QUESTIONNAIRES THAT 

494
00:19:00,060 --> 00:19:01,929
ARE MEANT TO MEASURE SOCIAL 

495
00:19:01,929 --> 00:19:03,964
MEDIA, VIDEO GAME AND MOBILE 

496
00:19:03,964 --> 00:19:07,067
PHONE ADDICTION OR PROBLEMATIC 

497
00:19:07,067 --> 00:19:08,335
USE.  AND THEN THE PARENTS OF 

498
00:19:08,335 --> 00:19:12,105
THE ADOLESCENTS ARE ALSO GIVEN A

499
00:19:12,105 --> 00:19:13,907
SURVEY AND SO THE PARENTS REPORT

500
00:19:13,907 --> 00:19:15,542
ON THE CHILD'S SCREEN TIME AND 

501
00:19:15,542 --> 00:19:17,744
THERE ARE QUESTIONS ABOUT PARENT

502
00:19:17,744 --> 00:19:19,646
MONITORING OF SCREEN USE, 

503
00:19:19,646 --> 00:19:21,281
SPECIFICALLY AND THEN THERE IS 

504
00:19:21,281 --> 00:19:23,483
ALSO A MOBILE PHONE APP THAT HAS

505
00:19:23,483 --> 00:19:26,887
BEEN INTRODUCED WHICH ACTUALLY 

506
00:19:26,887 --> 00:19:29,056
WILL -- FOR PARTICIPANTS WHO OPT

507
00:19:29,056 --> 00:19:32,392
INTO THIS PROTOCOL THERE'S A 

508
00:19:32,392 --> 00:19:33,493
PASSIVE SENSING OF TIME, 

509
00:19:33,493 --> 00:19:35,329
FREQUENCY AND DURATION THAT THE 

510
00:19:35,329 --> 00:19:36,496
PARTICIPANTS HAVE ON THEIR 

511
00:19:36,496 --> 00:19:40,701
SMARTPHONES IF THEY HAVE A SMART

512
00:19:40,701 --> 00:19:43,537
PHONE.  THIS IS JUST A TIMELINE 

513
00:19:43,537 --> 00:19:48,575
OF THE YEARS THAT THE MEASURES 

514
00:19:48,575 --> 00:19:49,843
ARE COLLECTED SO THE YOUTH 

515
00:19:49,843 --> 00:19:51,311
SURVEY AND PARENT SURVEY ARE 

516
00:19:51,311 --> 00:19:52,980
COLLECTED AT EVERY YEAR OF THE 

517
00:19:52,980 --> 00:19:54,081
STUDY STARTING FROM YEAR ZERO 

518
00:19:54,081 --> 00:19:55,315
AND THEN STARTING IN YEAR TWO, 

519
00:19:55,315 --> 00:19:58,218
WHEN THE PARTICIPANTS WERE 11 TO

520
00:19:58,218 --> 00:20:00,721
12 YEARS OLD, QUESTIONS ABOUT 

521
00:20:00,721 --> 00:20:02,389
THE PROBLEMATIC SCREEN USE, 

522
00:20:02,389 --> 00:20:03,690
CYBER BULLYING AND BEDTIME 

523
00:20:03,690 --> 00:20:06,393
SCREEN USE WERE INTRODUCED AND 

524
00:20:06,393 --> 00:20:07,661
HAVE BEEN COLLECTED SINCE AND 

525
00:20:07,661 --> 00:20:10,230
THEN STARTING IN YEAR 4, THE 

526
00:20:10,230 --> 00:20:11,565
MOBILE PHONE APP OR THE YEARS 

527
00:20:11,565 --> 00:20:17,237
APP WAS INTRODUCED.  AND THAT 

528
00:20:17,237 --> 00:20:18,839
WILL CONTINUE ONWARD.  IN 

529
00:20:18,839 --> 00:20:19,806
ADDITION TO THE SCREEN USE 

530
00:20:19,806 --> 00:20:20,941
MEASURES SH THESE ARE JUST SOME 

531
00:20:20,941 --> 00:20:22,709
OF THE OTHER MEASURES THAT ARE 

532
00:20:22,709 --> 00:20:25,679
COLLECTED BY THE ABCD STUDY.  SO

533
00:20:25,679 --> 00:20:27,648
IN TERMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR 

534
00:20:27,648 --> 00:20:31,284
HEALTH, BMI OR HEIGHT AND WEIGHT

535
00:20:31,284 --> 00:20:32,219
IS AVAILABLE AT EACH OF THE 

536
00:20:32,219 --> 00:20:37,891
YEARS.  BLOOD PRESSURE, 

537
00:20:37,891 --> 00:20:40,027
HEMOGLOBIN AND A IS C ARE 

538
00:20:40,027 --> 00:20:41,928
STARTED IN YEAR TWO IN THE EVEN 

539
00:20:41,928 --> 00:20:45,666
NUMBERED YEARS AND IN TERMS OF 

540
00:20:45,666 --> 00:20:46,533
OTHER SELF-REPORTED 

541
00:20:46,533 --> 00:20:47,868
QUESTIONNAIRES THERE'S A 

542
00:20:47,868 --> 00:20:49,069
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE 

543
00:20:49,069 --> 00:20:50,570
EVERY YEAR.  IN YEAR ONE THERE 

544
00:20:50,570 --> 00:20:54,408
WAS A NUTRITION QUESTIONNAIRE 

545
00:20:54,408 --> 00:20:55,575
THAT WAS BASED ON THE MIND DIET 

546
00:20:55,575 --> 00:20:57,477
WHICH I'LL TALK ABOUT LATER.  A 

547
00:20:57,477 --> 00:20:59,312
SLEEP QUESTIONNAIRE EVERY YEAR, 

548
00:20:59,312 --> 00:21:03,183
AND THEN REALLY COMPREHENSIVE 

549
00:21:03,183 --> 00:21:04,851
ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AS 

550
00:21:04,851 --> 00:21:06,353
WELL AS SPECIFICALLY EATING 

551
00:21:06,353 --> 00:21:07,454
DISORDERS WHICH I'LL TALK A 

552
00:21:07,454 --> 00:21:11,358
LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT LATER IN 

553
00:21:11,358 --> 00:21:13,660
THE TALK AS WELL AS -- AND THEN 

554
00:21:13,660 --> 00:21:16,329
IN ADDITION TO THE MOBILE PHONE 

555
00:21:16,329 --> 00:21:18,365
APP IN EVEN NUMBERED YEARS 

556
00:21:18,365 --> 00:21:20,834
STARTING IN YEAR TWO THE 

557
00:21:20,834 --> 00:21:22,402
PARTICIPANTS ALSO HAVE A FIT BIT

558
00:21:22,402 --> 00:21:24,237
AND SO THAT -- FROM THAT THERE 

559
00:21:24,237 --> 00:21:25,472
CAN BE OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF 

560
00:21:25,472 --> 00:21:27,541
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LIKE STEPS PER

561
00:21:27,541 --> 00:21:35,582
DAY AS WELL AS SLEEP MEASURES.  

562
00:21:35,582 --> 00:21:36,516
AND THAT'S JUST TO SAY THAT 

563
00:21:36,516 --> 00:21:38,385
THOSE ARE THE MAINLY ASSESSMENTS

564
00:21:38,385 --> 00:21:39,953
THAT I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT IN 

565
00:21:39,953 --> 00:21:40,887
TODAY'S TALK BUT THERE ARE 

566
00:21:40,887 --> 00:21:42,089
THOUSANDS OF OTHERS THAT ARE 

567
00:21:42,089 --> 00:21:45,058
AVAILABLE IN THE ABCD STUDY AND 

568
00:21:45,058 --> 00:21:49,062
INCLUDING NEUROIMAGING, GEO 

569
00:21:49,062 --> 00:21:50,964
CODED DATA AND NEUROCOGNITION, 

570
00:21:50,964 --> 00:21:56,837
OTHER PHYSICAL HEALTH AND BIO 

571
00:21:56,837 --> 00:21:58,205
SPECIMEN MEASURES.  NOVEL 

572
00:21:58,205 --> 00:21:59,439
TECHNOLOGIES AND THEN DURING THE

573
00:21:59,439 --> 00:22:01,675
PANDEMIC, THERE WERE ACTUALLY 

574
00:22:01,675 --> 00:22:02,909
SPECIFIC PANDEMIC QUESTIONNAIRES

575
00:22:02,909 --> 00:22:06,079
ABOUT THE COVID-19 AND 

576
00:22:06,079 --> 00:22:07,948
INFECTIONS AS WELL.  AND SO IF 

577
00:22:07,948 --> 00:22:09,916
YOU'RE INTERESTED, THE LINK 

578
00:22:09,916 --> 00:22:14,020
BELOW TO THE ABCD STUDY PROTOCOL

579
00:22:14,020 --> 00:22:16,323
HAS A MORE COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF

580
00:22:16,323 --> 00:22:18,391
ALL THE MEASURES THAT ARE 

581
00:22:18,391 --> 00:22:19,559
AVAILABLE.  SO I THINK THAT I 

582
00:22:19,559 --> 00:22:22,262
WANTED TO ACTUALLY JUST TALK A 

583
00:22:22,262 --> 00:22:23,396
LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE SCREEN USE 

584
00:22:23,396 --> 00:22:25,432
TRENDS THAT WERE FOUND IN THE 

585
00:22:25,432 --> 00:22:26,533
ADOLESCENT BRAIN COGNITIVE 

586
00:22:26,533 --> 00:22:28,068
DEVELOPMENT STUDY, ESPECIALLY 

587
00:22:28,068 --> 00:22:30,403
WITH THE FOCUS ON SOME OF THE 

588
00:22:30,403 --> 00:22:31,972
MORE CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS.  SO 

589
00:22:31,972 --> 00:22:34,074
STARTING AT BASELINE, SO AGAIN, 

590
00:22:34,074 --> 00:22:36,510
THIS IS 2016 TO 2018, WHEN THE 

591
00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:38,845
PARTICIPANTS WERE 9 TO 10 YEARS 

592
00:22:38,845 --> 00:22:40,180
OLD, THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF 

593
00:22:40,180 --> 00:22:41,815
SCREEN TIME PER DAY ACROSS THE 

594
00:22:41,815 --> 00:22:43,683
MODALITIES IS ABOUT FOUR HOURS 

595
00:22:43,683 --> 00:22:45,485
PER DAY.  AND THERE WERE 

596
00:22:45,485 --> 00:22:48,388
DISPARITIES BY RACE, SO OVERALL,

597
00:22:48,388 --> 00:22:49,623
BLACK, ADOLESCENTS HAD ABOUT 

598
00:22:49,623 --> 00:22:50,824
FIVE HOURS PER DAY WHERE AS 

599
00:22:50,824 --> 00:22:52,125
ASIAN OR WHITE WAS MORE CLOSER 

600
00:22:52,125 --> 00:22:56,363
TO THREE HOURS PER DAY.  

601
00:22:56,363 --> 00:22:58,231
OVERALL, BOYS REPORTED ABOUT .75

602
00:22:58,231 --> 00:22:59,900
MORE HOURS OF OVERALL SCREEN 

603
00:22:59,900 --> 00:23:01,468
TIME THAN GIRLS AND THIS WAS 

604
00:23:01,468 --> 00:23:04,738
DRIVEN BY VIDEO GAMES AND THEN 

605
00:23:04,738 --> 00:23:06,406
ALSO THERE WERE SOME SOCIO 

606
00:23:06,406 --> 00:23:08,375
ECONOMIC DISPARITIES SUCH THAT 

607
00:23:08,375 --> 00:23:09,676
PARTICIPANTS FROM LOWER INCOME 

608
00:23:09,676 --> 00:23:11,411
BACKGROUNDS ACTUALLY HAD HIGHER 

609
00:23:11,411 --> 00:23:13,480
SCREEN TIME ACROSS THE 

610
00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:15,348
MODALITIES EXCEPT FOR VIDEO 

611
00:23:15,348 --> 00:23:16,950
CHATS AND LOWER PARENT EDUCATION

612
00:23:16,950 --> 00:23:17,851
WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER 

613
00:23:17,851 --> 00:23:22,656
TOTAL SCREEN TIME.  I MENTIONED 

614
00:23:22,656 --> 00:23:24,024
THAT STARTING IN THE SECOND YEAR

615
00:23:24,024 --> 00:23:26,760
OF THE STUDY THERE WERE 

616
00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:28,195
VALIDATED QUESTIONNAIRES THAT 

617
00:23:28,195 --> 00:23:29,830
MEASURED PROBLEMATIC SCREEN USE 

618
00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:31,431
FOR MOBILE PHONES, SOCIAL MEDIA 

619
00:23:31,431 --> 00:23:32,499
AND VIDEO GAMES AND I THOUGHT 

620
00:23:32,499 --> 00:23:33,800
THAT THESE ARE INTERESTING 

621
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:35,202
BECAUSE IN ADDITION TO TIME THEY

622
00:23:35,202 --> 00:23:38,405
ACTUALLY TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

623
00:23:38,405 --> 00:23:39,506
THE QUALITY AND HOW SORT OF 

624
00:23:39,506 --> 00:23:42,475
SCREEN USE MAKES SOME OF THESE 

625
00:23:42,475 --> 00:23:44,611
ADOLESCENTS FEEL AND SO HERE ARE

626
00:23:44,611 --> 00:23:46,146
JUST SOME EXAMPLES OF SOME OF 

627
00:23:46,146 --> 00:23:48,548
THE FINDINGS.  AGAIN, THESE ARE 

628
00:23:48,548 --> 00:23:50,283
11 TO 12-YEAR-OLDS.  THEY'RE 

629
00:23:50,283 --> 00:23:53,086
STILL QUITE YOUNG.  BUT AMONG 

630
00:23:53,086 --> 00:23:55,188
THOSE WHO HAD MOBILE PHONES, 

631
00:23:55,188 --> 00:23:57,624
ALMOST HALF OF THEM SAID THEY 

632
00:23:57,624 --> 00:23:59,826
LOSE TRACK OF HOW MUCH TIME 

633
00:23:59,826 --> 00:24:01,094
THEY'RE SPENDING ON THEIR PHONE.

634
00:24:01,094 --> 00:24:03,096
ABOUT 31% SAID THAT THEY 

635
00:24:03,096 --> 00:24:08,835
INTERRUPT WHATEVER ELSE THEY'RE 

636
00:24:08,835 --> 00:24:09,469
DOING WHENEVER THEY'RE ON THEIR 

637
00:24:09,469 --> 00:24:11,004
PHONE AND 11% SAID THE THOUGHT 

638
00:24:11,004 --> 00:24:14,407
OF BEING WITHOUT THEIR PHONE 

639
00:24:14,407 --> 00:24:16,409
MAKES THEM FEEL DISTRESSED.  IN 

640
00:24:16,409 --> 00:24:18,778
TERMS OF THOSE WHO HAD SOCIAL 

641
00:24:18,778 --> 00:24:21,047
MEDIA ALMOST A QUARTER SAID THEY

642
00:24:21,047 --> 00:24:22,949
PLANNED USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA 

643
00:24:22,949 --> 00:24:25,485
APPS.  18% SAID THEY USE SOCIAL 

644
00:24:25,485 --> 00:24:26,820
MEDIA APPS SO I CAN FORGET ABOUT

645
00:24:26,820 --> 00:24:29,456
MY PROBLEMS AND 16% SAY THAT 

646
00:24:29,456 --> 00:24:31,157
I'VE TRIED TO USE MY SOCIAL 

647
00:24:31,157 --> 00:24:33,226
MEDIA APPS LESS BUT I CAN'T.  

648
00:24:33,226 --> 00:24:37,264
AND THEN AMONG THOSE WHO PLAYED 

649
00:24:37,264 --> 00:24:39,332
VIDEO GAMES 41% SAID THEY SPEND 

650
00:24:39,332 --> 00:24:41,134
A LOT OF TIME THINKING ABOUT 

651
00:24:41,134 --> 00:24:42,769
VIDEO GAMES.  21% SAID THEY FEEL

652
00:24:42,769 --> 00:24:44,271
THE NEED TO PLAY VIDEO GAMES 

653
00:24:44,271 --> 00:24:46,072
MORE AND MORE AND 24% SAID THEY 

654
00:24:46,072 --> 00:24:50,377
PLAY VIDEO GAMES SO THEY CAN 

655
00:24:50,377 --> 00:24:52,178
FORGET ABOUT THEIR PROBLEMS.  

656
00:24:52,178 --> 00:24:53,680
AND THEN FROM THOSE PROBLEMATIC 

657
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:58,451
USE QUESTIONNAIRES WE CALCULATED

658
00:24:58,451 --> 00:25:02,322
A TOTAL SCORE AND OVERALL BOYS 

659
00:25:02,322 --> 00:25:02,889
REPORTED HIGHER PROBLEMATIC 

660
00:25:02,889 --> 00:25:04,557
VIDEO GAME USAGE THAN GIRLS 

661
00:25:04,557 --> 00:25:07,193
WHERE AS GIRLS REPORTED HIGHER 

662
00:25:07,193 --> 00:25:08,295
PROBLEMATIC SOCIAL MEDIA AND 

663
00:25:08,295 --> 00:25:10,230
PHONE USE AND THERE WERE ALSO 

664
00:25:10,230 --> 00:25:11,932
DISPARITIES SUCH THAT NATIVE 

665
00:25:11,932 --> 00:25:14,401
AMERICAN, BLACK AND LATINX 

666
00:25:14,401 --> 00:25:15,702
ADOLESCENTS REPORTED HIGHER 

667
00:25:15,702 --> 00:25:17,704
PROBLEMATIC SCORES ACROSS ALL 

668
00:25:17,704 --> 00:25:19,306
THE PROBLEMATIC SCREEN MEASURES 

669
00:25:19,306 --> 00:25:23,576
COMPARED TO NON-LATINX WHITE 

670
00:25:23,576 --> 00:25:24,878
ADOLESCENTS.  AT THE SECOND YEAR

671
00:25:24,878 --> 00:25:27,981
FOLLOWUP THERE WAS ALSO A CYBER 

672
00:25:27,981 --> 00:25:28,548
BULLYING QUESTIONNAIRE AND 

673
00:25:28,548 --> 00:25:31,284
ALMOST 10% OF THESE 11 TO 

674
00:25:31,284 --> 00:25:34,220
12-YEAR-OLDS HAD REPORTED THAT 

675
00:25:34,220 --> 00:25:37,791
THEY HAD BEEN VICTIM OF CYBER 

676
00:25:37,791 --> 00:25:38,425
BULLYING AT SOME POINT IN THEIR 

677
00:25:38,425 --> 00:25:39,059
LIFETIME.  IT WAS MUCH LOWER 

678
00:25:39,059 --> 00:25:40,427
WITH PERPETRATION BUT I DO THINK

679
00:25:40,427 --> 00:25:42,395
THAT THAT'S, YOU KNOW, 

680
00:25:42,395 --> 00:25:45,131
POTENTIALLY REPORTING BIASES AS 

681
00:25:45,131 --> 00:25:47,367
KIDS MAY NOT WANT TO DISCLOSE IF

682
00:25:47,367 --> 00:25:50,003
THEY WERE PERPETRATORS.  ONE 

683
00:25:50,003 --> 00:25:51,137
OTHER I THINK INTERESTING AND 

684
00:25:51,137 --> 00:25:56,843
IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR WAS THAT 

685
00:25:56,843 --> 00:26:00,447
GAY LESBIAN AND BY SEXUAL 

686
00:26:00,447 --> 00:26:02,382
REPORTED HIGHER ODDS OF BEING A 

687
00:26:02,382 --> 00:26:08,288
VICTIM OF CYBER BULLYING AND 

688
00:26:08,288 --> 00:26:10,256
LOWER ODDS OF VICTIMIZATION OF 

689
00:26:10,256 --> 00:26:11,558
CYBER BULLYING FOR BOYS THAN 

690
00:26:11,558 --> 00:26:12,459
GIRLS.  SO I HAD MENTIONED THAT 

691
00:26:12,459 --> 00:26:15,428
AT THE BASELINE OF THE STUDY IN 

692
00:26:15,428 --> 00:26:16,696
2016 TO '18 THE AVERAGE SCREEN 

693
00:26:16,696 --> 00:26:19,399
TIME REPORTED WAS ABOUT FOUR 

694
00:26:19,399 --> 00:26:20,867
HOURS PER DAY.  I THINK ONE OF 

695
00:26:20,867 --> 00:26:22,235
THE REALLY IMPORTANT THINGS 

696
00:26:22,235 --> 00:26:24,704
ABOUT THE ABCD STUDY IS THAT, 

697
00:26:24,704 --> 00:26:26,940
YOU KNOW, IT CONTINUED ON 

698
00:26:26,940 --> 00:26:29,809
THROUGH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 

699
00:26:29,809 --> 00:26:32,212
AND AS I MENTIONED THERE WERE 

700
00:26:32,212 --> 00:26:35,315
ADDITIONAL SURVEYS SENT OUT MORE

701
00:26:35,315 --> 00:26:35,949
FREQUENTLY AMIDST THE PANDEMIC 

702
00:26:35,949 --> 00:26:37,217
AND SO AT THE BEGINNING OR THE 

703
00:26:37,217 --> 00:26:38,852
FIRST OF THE SURVEYS WAS 

704
00:26:38,852 --> 00:26:40,620
COLLECTED IN MAY OF 2020 SO 

705
00:26:40,620 --> 00:26:42,655
EARLY ON IN THE PANDEMIC.  AND 

706
00:26:42,655 --> 00:26:44,858
OVERALL IN THE ABCD STUDY, THE 

707
00:26:44,858 --> 00:26:48,294
AVERAGE THEN INCREASED TO ALMOST

708
00:26:48,294 --> 00:26:49,929
8 HOURS OF RECK RERIGHTSAL 

709
00:26:49,929 --> 00:26:51,698
SCREEN TIME PER DAY.  AND SO 

710
00:26:51,698 --> 00:26:54,634
THAT'S NOT INCLUDING ANY KIND OF

711
00:26:54,634 --> 00:26:56,002
SCHOOL WORK OR HOMEWORK THAT WAS

712
00:26:56,002 --> 00:26:57,303
DONE ON SCREENS BECAUSE I KNOW A

713
00:26:57,303 --> 00:26:59,205
LOT OF, YOU KNOW, SCHOOLS WENT 

714
00:26:59,205 --> 00:27:01,574
TO REMOTE SETTINGS AT THAT TIME.

715
00:27:01,574 --> 00:27:03,843
THIS WAS SPECIFICALLY FOR 

716
00:27:03,843 --> 00:27:05,311
RECREATIONAL SCREEN TIME AND 

717
00:27:05,311 --> 00:27:07,414
THIS WAS LARGELY DRIVEN BY 

718
00:27:07,414 --> 00:27:13,286
STREAMING VIDEOS, MOVIES OR 

719
00:27:13,286 --> 00:27:15,188
TELEVISION AS WELL AS VIDEO 

720
00:27:15,188 --> 00:27:17,157
PLAYED HERE.  SO I DO THINK THIS

721
00:27:17,157 --> 00:27:18,158
FINDING THAT SCREEN TIME DOUBLED

722
00:27:18,158 --> 00:27:20,326
EARLY ON IN THE PANDEMIC IS A 

723
00:27:20,326 --> 00:27:22,662
REALLY IMPORTANT ONE.  AND WE 

724
00:27:22,662 --> 00:27:23,930
HAVE OVERALL SEEN THAT THAT 

725
00:27:23,930 --> 00:27:27,367
TREND HAS STARTED TO REVERSE, SO

726
00:27:27,367 --> 00:27:28,768
WHILE THERE WAS -- AND I WILL 

727
00:27:28,768 --> 00:27:30,770
SAY THAT THERE ALSO WAS LIKE A 

728
00:27:30,770 --> 00:27:32,839
RISE IN SCREEN USE IN THE COHORT

729
00:27:32,839 --> 00:27:34,374
EVEN BEFORE THE PANDEMIC 

730
00:27:34,374 --> 00:27:36,142
STARTED.  I THINK THIS IS ALSO, 

731
00:27:36,142 --> 00:27:39,746
YOU KNOW, EXPECTED AS 

732
00:27:39,746 --> 00:27:41,514
ADOLESCENTS AGE IN GENERAL, MORE

733
00:27:41,514 --> 00:27:44,751
SCREEN TIME IS EXPECTED, BUT WE 

734
00:27:44,751 --> 00:27:45,785
HAVE STARTED TO SEE THE -- A 

735
00:27:45,785 --> 00:27:49,522
LITTLE BIT OF A DECREASE I THINK

736
00:27:49,522 --> 00:27:52,058
AS -- AS THE PANDEMIC HAD WANED.

737
00:27:52,058 --> 00:27:54,461
BUT I JUST DID WANT TO MENTION 

738
00:27:54,461 --> 00:27:56,696
THAT THE PANDEMIC FINDINGS IN 

739
00:27:56,696 --> 00:27:58,798
PARTICULAR ABOUT THE DOUBLING OF

740
00:27:58,798 --> 00:28:01,234
SCREEN TIME WERE, YOU KNOW -- 

741
00:28:01,234 --> 00:28:05,338
BECAUSE THIS IS A LARGE NATIONAL

742
00:28:05,338 --> 00:28:07,507
STUDY THAT COVERS CONTEMPORARY 

743
00:28:07,507 --> 00:28:10,310
EXPOSURES, THE -- THAT STUDY WAS

744
00:28:10,310 --> 00:28:11,845
PUBLISHED IN JOURNAL OF 

745
00:28:11,845 --> 00:28:13,480
PEDIATRICS AND WAS COVERED BY 

746
00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:15,715
NATIONAL NEWS AND WAS ALSO 

747
00:28:15,715 --> 00:28:17,684
ACTUALLY CITED AMIDST THE YOUTH 

748
00:28:17,684 --> 00:28:19,719
MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS BY THE U.S.

749
00:28:19,719 --> 00:28:21,321
SURGEON GENERAL'S REPORT ON THE 

750
00:28:21,321 --> 00:28:24,057
MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS IN 2021.  

751
00:28:24,057 --> 00:28:26,126
AND SO I DO THINK THESE FINDINGS

752
00:28:26,126 --> 00:28:28,528
WERE IMPORTANT IN, YOU KNOW, OUR

753
00:28:28,528 --> 00:28:30,396
ADOLESCENTS WERE REALLY EXPOSED 

754
00:28:30,396 --> 00:28:35,168
TO A LOT OF SCREEN TIME DURING 

755
00:28:35,168 --> 00:28:36,102
THE PANDEMIC.  I ALSO JUST WANT 

756
00:28:36,102 --> 00:28:38,138
TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT SOME 

757
00:28:38,138 --> 00:28:41,207
OF THE OTHER FINDINGS FROM THE 

758
00:28:41,207 --> 00:28:41,875
ABCD STUDY DURING THE PANDEMIC 

759
00:28:41,875 --> 00:28:42,976
BECAUSE I THINK THEY ARE 

760
00:28:42,976 --> 00:28:44,611
RELEVANT TO SCREEN TIME AND ARE 

761
00:28:44,611 --> 00:28:45,812
ALSO JUST INTERESTING AND ONE OF

762
00:28:45,812 --> 00:28:49,182
THE STRENGTHS OF THE ABCD STUDY 

763
00:28:49,182 --> 00:28:51,084
THAT THERE WERE THESE ADDITIONAL

764
00:28:51,084 --> 00:28:52,619
PANDEMIC MEASURES THAT CAN GIVE 

765
00:28:52,619 --> 00:28:55,889
US A SENSE OF TRENDS IN OUR 

766
00:28:55,889 --> 00:28:57,957
NATION'S ADOLESCENTS DURING THE 

767
00:28:57,957 --> 00:28:59,225
PANDEMIC.  SO AS I MENTIONED 

768
00:28:59,225 --> 00:29:02,395
THERE'S ALSO A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

769
00:29:02,395 --> 00:29:03,897
QUESTIONNAIRE THAT WAS ASKED AND

770
00:29:03,897 --> 00:29:07,767
SO THIS CAN ASSESS MODERATE TO 

771
00:29:07,767 --> 00:29:09,002
VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND 

772
00:29:09,002 --> 00:29:11,037
SO THIS WAS, YOU KNOW, ASSESSED 

773
00:29:11,037 --> 00:29:13,773
IN THE ANNUAL SURVEYS EVEN 

774
00:29:13,773 --> 00:29:15,542
BEFORE THE PANDEMIC AND SO IT'S 

775
00:29:15,542 --> 00:29:17,510
JUST TO SAY THAT, YOU KNOW, THE 

776
00:29:17,510 --> 00:29:18,878
CURRENT GUIDELINE FROM THE 

777
00:29:18,878 --> 00:29:20,713
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN 

778
00:29:20,713 --> 00:29:22,382
SERVICES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 

779
00:29:22,382 --> 00:29:23,516
GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS 

780
00:29:23,516 --> 00:29:26,853
RECOMMEND AT LEAST 60 MINUTES OF

781
00:29:26,853 --> 00:29:29,455
MODERATE TO VIGOROUS PHYSICAL 

782
00:29:29,455 --> 00:29:31,457
ACTIVITY PER DAY IN CHILDREN AND

783
00:29:31,457 --> 00:29:32,492
ADOLESCENTS AND THIS WAS ALREADY

784
00:29:32,492 --> 00:29:34,394
QUITE LOW EVEN BEFORE THE 

785
00:29:34,394 --> 00:29:36,329
PANDEMIC, SO ONLY 16% OF ABCD 

786
00:29:36,329 --> 00:29:38,398
STUDY PARTICIPANTS AT BASELINE 

787
00:29:38,398 --> 00:29:42,602
WHEN THEY WERE 9 TO 10 YEARS OLD

788
00:29:42,602 --> 00:29:44,337
MET THAT GUIDELINE OF 60 MINUTES

789
00:29:44,337 --> 00:29:46,406
PER DAY, BUT THIS DROPPED TO 

790
00:29:46,406 --> 00:29:47,707
ABOUT 11% EARLY IN THE PANDEMIC 

791
00:29:47,707 --> 00:29:49,876
SO AROUND MAY TO AUGUST OF 2020,

792
00:29:49,876 --> 00:29:53,079
AND THEN IT DROPPED EVEN FURTHER

793
00:29:53,079 --> 00:29:55,949
TO ONLY 5% BY OCTOBER TO 

794
00:29:55,949 --> 00:29:57,984
MARCH -- OCTOBER 2020 TO 

795
00:29:57,984 --> 00:29:59,185
MARCH 2021.  SO I DO THINK THAT 

796
00:29:59,185 --> 00:30:00,853
JUST STARTING WITH ALREADY LOW 

797
00:30:00,853 --> 00:30:04,791
ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINES AND THEN

798
00:30:04,791 --> 00:30:07,093
SUBSEQUENT DROPS AS THE PANDEMIC

799
00:30:07,093 --> 00:30:11,331
KIND OF MOVED ON IS ALSO 

800
00:30:11,331 --> 00:30:12,799
IMPORTANT.  AS I MENTIONED, 

801
00:30:12,799 --> 00:30:14,300
THERE WERE ALSO OBJECTIVE 

802
00:30:14,300 --> 00:30:16,369
MEASURES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SO

803
00:30:16,369 --> 00:30:17,570
THOSE PRIOR -- THE PRIOR SLIDE 

804
00:30:17,570 --> 00:30:21,341
WAS BASED ON SELF-REPORT.  BUT 

805
00:30:21,341 --> 00:30:22,909
BASED ON THE FIT BIT WEARING, 

806
00:30:22,909 --> 00:30:25,378
WHICH IS MORE OBJECTIVE MEASURE,

807
00:30:25,378 --> 00:30:29,549
THERE ALSO -- THIS ALSO 

808
00:30:29,549 --> 00:30:30,116
CORROBORATES DECREASES IN 

809
00:30:30,116 --> 00:30:33,152
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING THE 

810
00:30:33,152 --> 00:30:35,321
PANDEMIC AND SO THE RED BARS 

811
00:30:35,321 --> 00:30:40,026
HERE REPRESENT THE DAILY STEPS 

812
00:30:40,026 --> 00:30:41,327
ON AVERAGE THAT WERE TAKEN PRIOR

813
00:30:41,327 --> 00:30:42,295
TO THE PANDEMIC AND THEN THE 

814
00:30:42,295 --> 00:30:43,863
BLUE WAS DURING THE PANDEMIC AND

815
00:30:43,863 --> 00:30:46,432
SO YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE WERE 

816
00:30:46,432 --> 00:30:48,701
DEFINITELY DROPS OVERALL IN 

817
00:30:48,701 --> 00:30:50,403
STEPS PER DAY.  AND THEY WERE 

818
00:30:50,403 --> 00:30:53,039
ACTUALLY MOST PRONOUNCED ON 

819
00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:53,740
WEEKDAYS SO MONDAY THROUGH 

820
00:30:53,740 --> 00:30:55,008
FRIDAY AND THE DIFFERENCES WERE 

821
00:30:55,008 --> 00:30:56,209
A LITTLE BIT LESS ON THE 

822
00:30:56,209 --> 00:30:57,543
WEEKENDS AND WE'RE NOT ENTIRELY 

823
00:30:57,543 --> 00:31:00,113
SURE FOR THAT, BUT ONE 

824
00:31:00,113 --> 00:31:02,015
HYPOTHESIS IS THAT ACTUALLY 

825
00:31:02,015 --> 00:31:04,183
GOING TO PE CLASS OR HAVING 

826
00:31:04,183 --> 00:31:05,551
SPORTS TEAM PRACTICE DURING THE 

827
00:31:05,551 --> 00:31:09,689
WEEK ACTUALLY DOES, YOU KNOW, 

828
00:31:09,689 --> 00:31:11,257
POTENTIALLY PROVIDE ADOLESCENTS 

829
00:31:11,257 --> 00:31:14,027
WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 

830
00:31:14,027 --> 00:31:17,196
OPPORTUNITIES, SO IT COULD HAVE 

831
00:31:17,196 --> 00:31:18,398
BEEN THAT NOT HAVING IN PERSON 

832
00:31:18,398 --> 00:31:20,566
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CLASSES REALLY

833
00:31:20,566 --> 00:31:21,567
DECREASED AS WELL AS OF COURSE 

834
00:31:21,567 --> 00:31:24,437
LIKE MANY OTHER FACTORS LIKE 

835
00:31:24,437 --> 00:31:26,739
LOCKDOWNS AND CANCELLATION OF 

836
00:31:26,739 --> 00:31:28,374
OTHER ACTIVITIES.  IF WE 

837
00:31:28,374 --> 00:31:30,376
ACTUALLY LOOK AT SOME OF THE 

838
00:31:30,376 --> 00:31:32,078
OBJECTIVE MEASURES THAT WERE 

839
00:31:32,078 --> 00:31:36,115
ALSO INTERESTING FINDINGS, SUCH 

840
00:31:36,115 --> 00:31:38,184
THAT THE PANDEMIC WAS ALSO 

841
00:31:38,184 --> 00:31:39,585
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER WEIGHT, 

842
00:31:39,585 --> 00:31:41,954
SO ON AVERAGE ABOUT 1.68 

843
00:31:41,954 --> 00:31:44,857
KILOGRAMS.  SO THAT'S LIKE 3 

844
00:31:44,857 --> 00:31:47,393
POUNDS HIGHER AS WELL AS HIGHER 

845
00:31:47,393 --> 00:31:49,996
RATES OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE OR 

846
00:31:49,996 --> 00:31:52,832
HYPERTENSION.  SO PREPANDEMIC, 

847
00:31:52,832 --> 00:31:56,169
3.4%, DURING THE PANDEMIC, 6.4% 

848
00:31:56,169 --> 00:31:59,072
AS WELL AS A HIGHER DIASTOLIC 

849
00:31:59,072 --> 00:32:01,908
BLOOD PRESSURE PERCENTILE.  I 

850
00:32:01,908 --> 00:32:04,844
SHOULD ALSO NOTE THAT THE 

851
00:32:04,844 --> 00:32:06,012
HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE WAS 

852
00:32:06,012 --> 00:32:07,347
BASED ON BLOOD PRESSURE 

853
00:32:07,347 --> 00:32:08,881
PERCENTILE SO THEY ARE ADJUSTED 

854
00:32:08,881 --> 00:32:14,087
FOR SEX AND AGE.  SO IT'S NOT 

855
00:32:14,087 --> 00:32:17,056
JUST AN AGE EFFECT.  SO THOSE 

856
00:32:17,056 --> 00:32:18,391
WERE -- I JUST THINK SOME 

857
00:32:18,391 --> 00:32:20,860
INTERESTING TRENDS FROM THE ABCD

858
00:32:20,860 --> 00:32:22,829
STUDY ON SCREEN USE AND ALSO 

859
00:32:22,829 --> 00:32:24,897
SOME OF THE FINDINGS FROM THE 

860
00:32:24,897 --> 00:32:26,399
PANDEMIC AND NOW I'M GOING TO 

861
00:32:26,399 --> 00:32:31,037
TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT SOME 

862
00:32:31,037 --> 00:32:32,872
ASSOCIATIONS WITH HEALTH 

863
00:32:32,872 --> 00:32:35,375
OUTCOMES.  THE FIRST ONE I'M 

864
00:32:35,375 --> 00:32:38,111
GOING TO TALK ABOUT IS SLEEP.  

865
00:32:38,111 --> 00:32:41,714
SO AS I MENTIONED THERE WAS ALSO

866
00:32:41,714 --> 00:32:43,616
A SCREEN SURVEY SENT ABOUT 

867
00:32:43,616 --> 00:32:46,119
BEDTIME.  SO OVERALL 63% OF 

868
00:32:46,119 --> 00:32:46,986
PARTICIPANTS REPORTED THEY HAD 

869
00:32:46,986 --> 00:32:50,256
AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE IN THEIR 

870
00:32:50,256 --> 00:32:51,657
BEDROOM AND 17% SAID THEY WERE 

871
00:32:51,657 --> 00:32:53,993
WOKEN UP BY NOTIFICATIONS IN THE

872
00:32:53,993 --> 00:32:55,395
PAST WEEK AND THEN THE 

873
00:32:55,395 --> 00:32:56,729
ADOLESCENTS REPORTED THAT 15% 

874
00:32:56,729 --> 00:33:00,299
SAID THAT THEY HAD SOME TROUBLE 

875
00:33:00,299 --> 00:33:01,567
FALLING OR STAYING ASLEEP IN THE

876
00:33:01,567 --> 00:33:04,103
PAST WEEKS AND 28% HAD OVERALL 

877
00:33:04,103 --> 00:33:06,639
SLEEP DISTURBANCES MEASURED BY 

878
00:33:06,639 --> 00:33:08,674
20 SOMETHING ITEM QUESTIONNAIRE 

879
00:33:08,674 --> 00:33:12,178
ACTUALLY FROM THE PARENTS.  AND 

880
00:33:12,178 --> 00:33:13,045
SO HAVING A TV OR INTERNET 

881
00:33:13,045 --> 00:33:17,617
CONNECTED DEVICE IN THE BEDROOM 

882
00:33:17,617 --> 00:33:21,354
OR LEAVING THEIR PHONE RINGER 

883
00:33:21,354 --> 00:33:21,854
ACTIVATED OVERNIGHT WAS 

884
00:33:21,854 --> 00:33:23,122
ASSOCIATED WITH TROUBLE FALLING 

885
00:33:23,122 --> 00:33:25,625
OR STAYING ASLEEP AND THEN 

886
00:33:25,625 --> 00:33:27,360
SPECIFIC SCREEN MODALITY USE 

887
00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:28,361
INCLUDING PHONE CALLS, TEXT 

888
00:33:28,361 --> 00:33:31,264
MESSAGES OR E-MAILS, SOCIAL 

889
00:33:31,264 --> 00:33:33,699
MEDIA, VIDEO GAMES, CHAT ROOMS 

890
00:33:33,699 --> 00:33:34,634
AND WATCHING STREAMING 

891
00:33:34,634 --> 00:33:36,436
TELEVISION VIDEOS, THOSE WERE 

892
00:33:36,436 --> 00:33:37,804
ALL ASSOCIATED WITH TROUBLE 

893
00:33:37,804 --> 00:33:40,840
FALLING AND STAYING ASLEEP AND 

894
00:33:40,840 --> 00:33:46,145
OVERALL SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN THE

895
00:33:46,145 --> 00:33:47,880
ABCD STUDY.  I NEXT WANTED TO 

896
00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:50,383
LOOK AT BODY MASS INDEX 

897
00:33:50,383 --> 00:33:53,619
PERCENT -- BMI PERCENTILE AT ONE

898
00:33:53,619 --> 00:33:55,488
YEAR FOLLOWUP.  SO THE NEXT FEW 

899
00:33:55,488 --> 00:33:57,990
STUDIES THAT I'M GOING TO TALK 

900
00:33:57,990 --> 00:34:01,060
ABOUT LOOK AT SCREEN TIME OR 

901
00:34:01,060 --> 00:34:02,395
SCREEN EXPOSURE AS THE -- AS THE

902
00:34:02,395 --> 00:34:04,764
MAIN EXPOSURE AND THEN VARIOUS 

903
00:34:04,764 --> 00:34:07,200
HEALTH OUTCOMES.  SO THIS ONE 

904
00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:08,868
WAS A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS 

905
00:34:08,868 --> 00:34:10,903
LOOKING AT SCREEN TIME EXPOSURE 

906
00:34:10,903 --> 00:34:13,339
AT BASELINE OR YEAR ZERO AND 

907
00:34:13,339 --> 00:34:16,042
THEN BMI PERCENTILE WHICH IS THE

908
00:34:16,042 --> 00:34:19,545
WAY THAT BMI IS MEASURED AND 

909
00:34:19,545 --> 00:34:21,214
STANDARDIZED IN PEDIATRIC 

910
00:34:21,214 --> 00:34:22,682
POPULATIONS ONE YEAR LATER WHILE

911
00:34:22,682 --> 00:34:24,550
CONTROLLING FOR BMI AT BASELINE 

912
00:34:24,550 --> 00:34:28,921
AND A NUMBER OF OTHER SOCIO 

913
00:34:28,921 --> 00:34:30,323
ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHIC CONTROLS.  

914
00:34:30,323 --> 00:34:32,592
AND SO WE CONDUCTED LINEAR 

915
00:34:32,592 --> 00:34:35,728
REGRESSION, ADJUSTING FOR THESE 

916
00:34:35,728 --> 00:34:37,530
CONTROLS.  AND OVERALL, THE SORT

917
00:34:37,530 --> 00:34:40,099
OF BREAKDOWN OF THE BMI 

918
00:34:40,099 --> 00:34:43,202
CATEGORIES IN THE ABCD STUDY 

919
00:34:43,202 --> 00:34:48,941
WERE THAT ABOUT 62% WERE NORMAL 

920
00:34:48,941 --> 00:34:49,542
WEIGHT.  16% WOULD HAVE BEEN 

921
00:34:49,542 --> 00:34:51,811
CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT, SO BMI 

922
00:34:51,811 --> 00:34:55,014
PERCENTILE OF 85th TO 95th 

923
00:34:55,014 --> 00:34:56,249
PERCENTILE AND THEN 17.8 WOULD 

924
00:34:56,249 --> 00:34:58,951
HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED OBESE WITH 

925
00:34:58,951 --> 00:35:01,287
THE BMI GREATER THAN THE 95th 

926
00:35:01,287 --> 00:35:02,822
PERCENTILE AND SO OVERALL WE DID

927
00:35:02,822 --> 00:35:04,423
FIND THAT EACH ADDITIONAL HOUR 

928
00:35:04,423 --> 00:35:06,325
OF SCREEN TIME WAS ASSOCIATED 

929
00:35:06,325 --> 00:35:09,161
WITH THE .22 HIGHER BMI 

930
00:35:09,161 --> 00:35:11,898
PERCENTILE AT ONE YEAR FOLLOWUP 

931
00:35:11,898 --> 00:35:13,132
AND PARTICULARLY, TEXTING, VIDEO

932
00:35:13,132 --> 00:35:16,035
CHAT AND VIDEO GAMES WERE 

933
00:35:16,035 --> 00:35:17,737
SIGNIFICANTLY PROSPECTIVELY 

934
00:35:17,737 --> 00:35:19,772
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER BMI 

935
00:35:19,772 --> 00:35:21,040
PERCENTILE AND I WILL SAY THAT 

936
00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:22,575
THIS IS A RELATIVELY SMALL 

937
00:35:22,575 --> 00:35:23,709
EFFECT SIZE BUT IF YOU THINK 

938
00:35:23,709 --> 00:35:25,811
ABOUT THAT THAT'S FOR EACH HOUR 

939
00:35:25,811 --> 00:35:27,213
AND THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS 

940
00:35:27,213 --> 00:35:29,048
IS FOUR HOURS PER DAY, AND THEN 

941
00:35:29,048 --> 00:35:30,683
THIS WAS ONLY JUST FOR ONE YEAR 

942
00:35:30,683 --> 00:35:32,051
FOLLOWUP, I DO THINK THAT THAT 

943
00:35:32,051 --> 00:35:35,354
CAN ADD UP WITH YEARS OF SCREEN 

944
00:35:35,354 --> 00:35:37,089
EXPOSURE AND THEN ESPECIALLY IF 

945
00:35:37,089 --> 00:35:39,992
IT'S MULTIPLE HOURS PER DAY.  SO

946
00:35:39,992 --> 00:35:42,828
SOME OF THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS

947
00:35:42,828 --> 00:35:46,799
THAT COULD LEAD TO HIGHER BMI OR

948
00:35:46,799 --> 00:35:49,535
WEIGHT GAIN, BASED ON SCREEN 

949
00:35:49,535 --> 00:35:51,003
EXPOSURE COULD BE THAT WHEN 

950
00:35:51,003 --> 00:35:52,271
PEOPLE ARE IN FRONT OF SCREENS 

951
00:35:52,271 --> 00:35:55,341
THEY MAY BE DISTRACTED AND THEY 

952
00:35:55,341 --> 00:35:56,042
COULD HAVE MORE -- THERE HAVE 

953
00:35:56,042 --> 00:35:58,210
BEEN SOME STUDIES THAT SHOW THAT

954
00:35:58,210 --> 00:36:00,746
DISTRACTED SCREEN USE CAN LEAD 

955
00:36:00,746 --> 00:36:02,048
TO INCREASED SNACKING OR 

956
00:36:02,048 --> 00:36:03,349
OVEREATING EVEN IN ABSENCE OF 

957
00:36:03,349 --> 00:36:05,051
HUNGER.  THERE ARE ALSO 

958
00:36:05,051 --> 00:36:07,053
POTENTIALLY FOOD ADVERTISEMENTS 

959
00:36:07,053 --> 00:36:10,222
ON SCREENS AND THEN ALSO FOR THE

960
00:36:10,222 --> 00:36:12,458
MOST PART SCREEN USE IS 

961
00:36:12,458 --> 00:36:13,559
SEDENTARY AND THAT CAN DISPLACE 

962
00:36:13,559 --> 00:36:21,300
TIME FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.  ONE

963
00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:22,401
THING IN'T WHATTED TO MENTION IS

964
00:36:22,401 --> 00:36:24,770
I SHOWED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE 

965
00:36:24,770 --> 00:36:25,638
PANDEMIC RESULTS OF THE FIT BIT 

966
00:36:25,638 --> 00:36:27,740
BUT I WANTED TO TALK A LITTLE 

967
00:36:27,740 --> 00:36:31,010
BIT MORE ABOUT FIT BIT IN 

968
00:36:31,010 --> 00:36:32,878
CONTEXT OF JUST SCREEN USE.  AND

969
00:36:32,878 --> 00:36:37,149
ALSO BMI.  SO OVERALL THE FIT 

970
00:36:37,149 --> 00:36:43,456
BIT PROTOCOL IN ABCD WAS THERE 

971
00:36:43,456 --> 00:36:44,857
WAS A THREE WEEK PERIOD THAT 

972
00:36:44,857 --> 00:36:46,325
THEY WORE A FIT BIT AND DATA 

973
00:36:46,325 --> 00:36:47,093
COLLECTED AND THIS WAS AROUND 

974
00:36:47,093 --> 00:36:49,595
THE ANNUAL SURVEY.  THIS WAS 

975
00:36:49,595 --> 00:36:51,364
STARTED IN YEAR 2 AND WE ENDED 

976
00:36:51,364 --> 00:36:54,600
UP CATEGORIZING FIT BIT INTO 

977
00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:58,237
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES AND THIS 

978
00:36:58,237 --> 00:37:01,474
WAS BASED ON THE FACT THAT ABOUT

979
00:37:01,474 --> 00:37:03,943
12,000 STEPS PER DAY, PROXIMATE 

980
00:37:03,943 --> 00:37:05,578
60 MINUTES OF MODERATE TO 

981
00:37:05,578 --> 00:37:07,046
VIGOROUS ACTIVITY WHICH I 

982
00:37:07,046 --> 00:37:08,881
MENTIONED WAS GUIDELINE, SO 

983
00:37:08,881 --> 00:37:10,349
CUTOFFS BASED ON 12,000 AND THEN

984
00:37:10,349 --> 00:37:14,587
6,000 WHICH IS HALF OF THAT.  

985
00:37:14,587 --> 00:37:17,757
OVERALL, JUST IN TERMS OF SOME 

986
00:37:17,757 --> 00:37:20,660
OF THE GENERAL TRENDS IN FIT 

987
00:37:20,660 --> 00:37:27,733
BIT, WE DID FIND THAT MORE STEPS

988
00:37:27,733 --> 00:37:30,236
WERE ASSOCIATED OR YOUTH WITH 

989
00:37:30,236 --> 00:37:31,904
PARTNERED PARENTS HAD MORE 

990
00:37:31,904 --> 00:37:33,572
STEPS.  ACTUALLY BLACK COMPARED 

991
00:37:33,572 --> 00:37:37,243
TO WHITE HAD MORE STEPS.  

992
00:37:37,243 --> 00:37:38,644
HETEROSEXUAL VERSUS SEXUAL 

993
00:37:38,644 --> 00:37:40,413
MINORITIES HAD MORE STEPS, 

994
00:37:40,413 --> 00:37:41,514
HIGHER INCOMES AND THEN ALSO 

995
00:37:41,514 --> 00:37:44,316
MALES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MORE 

996
00:37:44,316 --> 00:37:49,955
STEPS OVERALL.  AND ONE OF THE 

997
00:37:49,955 --> 00:37:53,693
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS IS THAT 

998
00:37:53,693 --> 00:37:55,995
EVEN THOUGH WE GENERALLY KNOW 

999
00:37:55,995 --> 00:37:58,698
THAT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN BE 

1000
00:37:58,698 --> 00:37:59,665
GOOD FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 

1001
00:37:59,665 --> 00:38:01,901
AND TOO MUCH SEDENTARY SCREEN 

1002
00:38:01,901 --> 00:38:03,969
TIME MAY NOT BE GOOD FOR 

1003
00:38:03,969 --> 00:38:06,372
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH, SOME GAPS

1004
00:38:06,372 --> 00:38:07,940
REMAIN IN THAT WE DON'T ENTIRELY

1005
00:38:07,940 --> 00:38:09,408
UNDERSTAND -- THE RESPONSE 

1006
00:38:09,408 --> 00:38:11,077
RELATIONSHIPS AND ALSO WE DON'T 

1007
00:38:11,077 --> 00:38:12,878
KNOW HOW SCREEN AND PHYSICAL 

1008
00:38:12,878 --> 00:38:16,549
ACTIVITY COMBINATIONS MAY IMPACT

1009
00:38:16,549 --> 00:38:18,384
HEALTH OUTCOMES.  AND THEN ALSO 

1010
00:38:18,384 --> 00:38:20,453
AS I MENTIONED, THE ADVANTAGE OF

1011
00:38:20,453 --> 00:38:22,054
FIT BIT IS THAT THESE ARE 

1012
00:38:22,054 --> 00:38:24,457
OBJECTIVE MEASURES AS OPPOSED TO

1013
00:38:24,457 --> 00:38:26,325
SELF-REPORT.  AND SO WE TRIED TO

1014
00:38:26,325 --> 00:38:27,727
UNDERSTAND WHAT COMBINATIONS OF 

1015
00:38:27,727 --> 00:38:30,229
SCREEN TIME AND PHYSICAL 

1016
00:38:30,229 --> 00:38:32,231
ACTIVITY WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 

1017
00:38:32,231 --> 00:38:38,738
BMI PERCENTILE AND OBESITY.  SO 

1018
00:38:38,738 --> 00:38:40,306
WE DID MAKE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES

1019
00:38:40,306 --> 00:38:42,908
OF SCREEN TIME SO 0 TO 4, 4 TO 8

1020
00:38:42,908 --> 00:38:44,677
OR GREATER THAN 8, SO GREATER 

1021
00:38:44,677 --> 00:38:46,378
THAN 8 WAS CONSIDERED HIGH.  AND

1022
00:38:46,378 --> 00:38:48,514
THEN THE STEP CATEGORIES AS I 

1023
00:38:48,514 --> 00:38:49,648
MENTIONED, WE ALSO MADE LOW, 

1024
00:38:49,648 --> 00:38:53,853
MEDIUM AND HIGH BASED ON THE 

1025
00:38:53,853 --> 00:38:58,424
APPROXIMATE STEPS THAT MIRRORED 

1026
00:38:58,424 --> 00:38:59,992
THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDE

1027
00:38:59,992 --> 00:39:00,860
GUIDELINES.  SO WE LOOKED AT 

1028
00:39:00,860 --> 00:39:02,394
THESE DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF 

1029
00:39:02,394 --> 00:39:05,030
SCREENS AND STEPS WITH BMI 

1030
00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:07,133
PERCENTILE AND OBESITY, 

1031
00:39:07,133 --> 00:39:11,504
ADJUSTING FOR COMPOUNDERS.  AND 

1032
00:39:11,504 --> 00:39:13,239
SO OVERALL, ABOUT THE AVERAGE 

1033
00:39:13,239 --> 00:39:14,874
NUMBER OF STEPS PER DAY WAS 

1034
00:39:14,874 --> 00:39:15,975
ABOUT 9,000.  WE'VE ALREADY 

1035
00:39:15,975 --> 00:39:18,511
TALKED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE 

1036
00:39:18,511 --> 00:39:21,814
SCREEN TIME TRENDS, BUT BY THIS 

1037
00:39:21,814 --> 00:39:23,549
TIME, AT YEAR TWO, THE AVERAGE 

1038
00:39:23,549 --> 00:39:26,986
SCREEN TIME IS ABOUT 6.5 HOURS 

1039
00:39:26,986 --> 00:39:30,389
PER DAY.  AND SO OVERALL, IN 

1040
00:39:30,389 --> 00:39:34,059
TERMS OF THIS DOSE RESPONSE 

1041
00:39:34,059 --> 00:39:35,995
RELATIONSHIP, THE FIRST MODEL IS

1042
00:39:35,995 --> 00:39:37,396
JUST LOOKING AT SCREEN TIME 

1043
00:39:37,396 --> 00:39:39,832
COMBINATIONS AND SO WE CAN SEE 

1044
00:39:39,832 --> 00:39:40,833
THAT HAVING MEDIUM TO HIGH 

1045
00:39:40,833 --> 00:39:42,401
SCREEN TIME IS ASSOCIATED WITH 

1046
00:39:42,401 --> 00:39:45,304
HIGHER BMI PERCENTILE AND THERE 

1047
00:39:45,304 --> 00:39:46,972
SEEMS TO BE A DOSE RESPONSE 

1048
00:39:46,972 --> 00:39:48,073
RELATIONSHIP.  IF WE JUST LOOK 

1049
00:39:48,073 --> 00:39:51,577
AT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SIMILARLY 

1050
00:39:51,577 --> 00:39:53,846
LOWER STEPS AND THEN MEDIUM 

1051
00:39:53,846 --> 00:39:54,680
STEPS COMPARED TO HIGH, THERE 

1052
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,216
ALSO SEEMS TO BE A DOSE RESPONSE

1053
00:39:57,216 --> 00:39:58,217
RELATIONSHIP AND THEN IN THIS 

1054
00:39:58,217 --> 00:40:01,554
THIRD MODEL WHEN WE PUT PHYSICAL

1055
00:40:01,554 --> 00:40:02,688
ACTIVITY AND STEPS AND SCREEN 

1056
00:40:02,688 --> 00:40:04,390
TIME IN THE SAME MODELS WHO ARE 

1057
00:40:04,390 --> 00:40:08,160
SORT OF INCLUDING BOTH OF THEM 

1058
00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:11,030
AS INDEPENDENT RISK FACTORS THIS

1059
00:40:11,030 --> 00:40:11,964
DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP SEEMS

1060
00:40:11,964 --> 00:40:16,602
TO HOLD.  THERE ARE ALSO SIMILAR

1061
00:40:16,602 --> 00:40:17,570
RESU

1062
00:40:17,570 --> 00:40:19,271
RESULTS WHEN WE LOOK AT OBESITY 

1063
00:40:19,271 --> 00:40:21,173
BASED ON THE BMI CATEGORIES.  

1064
00:40:21,173 --> 00:40:22,741
ONE THING I WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT 

1065
00:40:22,741 --> 00:40:24,710
IS WE THEN LOOKED AT DIFFERENT 

1066
00:40:24,710 --> 00:40:26,078
COMBINATIONS OF SCREENS AND 

1067
00:40:26,078 --> 00:40:29,248
STEPS AND SO HERE WE CAN SEE 

1068
00:40:29,248 --> 00:40:36,322
THAT IF YOU HAVE LOW SCREEN 

1069
00:40:36,322 --> 00:40:38,591
TIME, ACTUALLY HAVING THE LOW 

1070
00:40:38,591 --> 00:40:40,459
CATEGORY OF STEPS STILL MATTERS.

1071
00:40:40,459 --> 00:40:43,329
THE AMOUNT OF STEPS YOU TAKE IN 

1072
00:40:43,329 --> 00:40:44,864
THE MEDIUM AND LOW SCREEN TIME 

1073
00:40:44,864 --> 00:40:46,131
CATEGORIES CAN BE ASSOCIATED 

1074
00:40:46,131 --> 00:40:50,035
WITH DIFFERENT SHL RISK FOR BMI 

1075
00:40:50,035 --> 00:40:51,437
OR OBESITY.  SO IF YOU HAVE MORE

1076
00:40:51,437 --> 00:40:53,205
THAN EIGHT HOURS OF SCREEN TIME 

1077
00:40:53,205 --> 00:40:56,008
TODAY, IT ACTUALLY DOESN'T 

1078
00:40:56,008 --> 00:40:57,843
MATTER WHAT STEP CATEGORY YOU'RE

1079
00:40:57,843 --> 00:40:59,178
IN.  IT SEEMS THAT THERE IS 

1080
00:40:59,178 --> 00:41:01,647
STILL THE HIGHER RISK OF HIGHER 

1081
00:41:01,647 --> 00:41:03,582
BMI OR OBESITY REGARDLESS OF THE

1082
00:41:03,582 --> 00:41:05,451
NUMBER OF STEPS.  AND SO I THINK

1083
00:41:05,451 --> 00:41:06,385
THAT'S KIND OF INTERESTING ABOUT

1084
00:41:06,385 --> 00:41:08,854
THESE COMBINATIONS THAT IN THE 

1085
00:41:08,854 --> 00:41:10,756
SORT OF LOW TO MEDIUM SCREEN 

1086
00:41:10,756 --> 00:41:12,758
RANGE LEVELS, YOU KNOW, STEPS 

1087
00:41:12,758 --> 00:41:14,393
STILL MATTER, BUT THEN IN THE 

1088
00:41:14,393 --> 00:41:17,796
HIGH GROUP, IT PERHAPS DOESN'T. 

1089
00:41:17,796 --> 00:41:23,869
AND SO THIS STUDY DID LOOK AT --

1090
00:41:23,869 --> 00:41:24,303
FOUND DOSE RESPONSE 

1091
00:41:24,303 --> 00:41:25,137
RELATIONSHIPS WITH SCREEN TIME 

1092
00:41:25,137 --> 00:41:27,273
AND BMI AND FOUND THAT 

1093
00:41:27,273 --> 00:41:28,674
COMBINATIONS WITH PHYSICAL 

1094
00:41:28,674 --> 00:41:29,942
ACTIVITY DOES MATTER 

1095
00:41:29,942 --> 00:41:31,210
PARTICULARLY WITH THE LOW AND 

1096
00:41:31,210 --> 00:41:34,079
MEDIUM SCREEN TIME GROUPS BUT IN

1097
00:41:34,079 --> 00:41:35,180
THE HIGH SCREEN TIME CATEGORY 

1098
00:41:35,180 --> 00:41:38,017
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WAS NOT 

1099
00:41:38,017 --> 00:41:41,153
ASSOCIATED.  WE DID A SIMILAR 

1100
00:41:41,153 --> 00:41:42,388
ANALYSIS LOOKING AT 

1101
00:41:42,388 --> 00:41:43,522
HYPERTENSION, DIABETES AND 

1102
00:41:43,522 --> 00:41:49,395
CHOLESTEROL IN THE ABCD STUDY 

1103
00:41:49,395 --> 00:41:50,062
AND SO THESE ARE THE PREVALENCE 

1104
00:41:50,062 --> 00:41:53,532
OF THOSE OUTCOMES AT YEAR TWO.  

1105
00:41:53,532 --> 00:41:56,602
THE SAME CATEGORIES.  AND 

1106
00:41:56,602 --> 00:42:00,072
OVERALL WE FOUND THAT ACTUALLY 

1107
00:42:00,072 --> 00:42:01,807
HIGHER SCREEN TIME WAS 

1108
00:42:01,807 --> 00:42:04,343
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER DIASTOLIC

1109
00:42:04,343 --> 00:42:06,679
BLOOD PRESSURE PERCENTILE 

1110
00:42:06,679 --> 00:42:10,382
ALTHOUGH IT WAS NOT ASSOCIATED 

1111
00:42:10,382 --> 00:42:12,518
WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE 

1112
00:42:12,518 --> 00:42:13,686
PERCENTILE AND HIGHER SCREEN 

1113
00:42:13,686 --> 00:42:16,655
TIME WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER 

1114
00:42:16,655 --> 00:42:19,692
HDL CHOLESTEROL.  AND THAT'S THE

1115
00:42:19,692 --> 00:42:21,126
GOOD CHOLESTEROL SO LOWER IS NOT

1116
00:42:21,126 --> 00:42:22,394
GOOD.  AND INTERESTINGLY, WHEN 

1117
00:42:22,394 --> 00:42:23,829
WE LOOKED AT THE DIFFERENT 

1118
00:42:23,829 --> 00:42:25,831
SCREEN AND STEP CATEGORIES FOR 

1119
00:42:25,831 --> 00:42:28,834
HDL, WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE 

1120
00:42:28,834 --> 00:42:30,402
COMBINATIONS DID MATTER.  SO 

1121
00:42:30,402 --> 00:42:32,705
THIS IS THE -- THESE ARE THE 

1122
00:42:32,705 --> 00:42:35,641
SCREEN TIME CATEGORIES AND THESE

1123
00:42:35,641 --> 00:42:37,476
ARE THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 

1124
00:42:37,476 --> 00:42:38,377
CATEGORIES, BUT EVEN WITH THE 

1125
00:42:38,377 --> 00:42:41,880
HIGH SCREEN TIME CATEGORIES THE 

1126
00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:42,548
DIFFERENCE WITH BMI IS ACTUALLY 

1127
00:42:42,548 --> 00:42:44,316
IT DOES SEEM THAT STEPS DO STILL

1128
00:42:44,316 --> 00:42:45,384
MATTER EVEN IF YOU'RE HAVING 

1129
00:42:45,384 --> 00:42:48,053
MORE THAN EIGHT HOURS OF SCREEN 

1130
00:42:48,053 --> 00:42:50,889
TIME.  SO IN THAT SETTING, 

1131
00:42:50,889 --> 00:42:52,858
ACTUALLY HAVING LOW PHYSICAL 

1132
00:42:52,858 --> 00:42:55,060
ACTIVITY, STILL CAN BE MORE 

1133
00:42:55,060 --> 00:43:00,733
DETRIMENTAL TO HAVING LOW HDL 

1134
00:43:00,733 --> 00:43:01,734
CHOLESTEROL.  BUT AS I 

1135
00:43:01,734 --> 00:43:03,068
MENTIONED, THERE WERE NOT 

1136
00:43:03,068 --> 00:43:06,071
ASSOCIATIONS WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD

1137
00:43:06,071 --> 00:43:07,606
PRESSURE, DIABETES IS MEASURED 

1138
00:43:07,606 --> 00:43:10,376
BY HEMOGLOBIN A1C OR TOTAL 

1139
00:43:10,376 --> 00:43:12,511
CHOLESTEROL SO IT DID SEEM IT 

1140
00:43:12,511 --> 00:43:15,014
WAS MOSTLY WITH DIASTOLIC BLOOD 

1141
00:43:15,014 --> 00:43:18,083
PRESSURE AND HDL CHOLESTEROL.  I

1142
00:43:18,083 --> 00:43:20,853
HAD MENTIONED THAT ONE OF THE 

1143
00:43:20,853 --> 00:43:21,587
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS FOR A 

1144
00:43:21,587 --> 00:43:24,189
HIGHER BMI IS THROUGH NUTRITION 

1145
00:43:24,189 --> 00:43:28,761
AND SO THE ABCD STUDY DID 

1146
00:43:28,761 --> 00:43:32,231
MEASURE THE MIND DIET WHEN 

1147
00:43:32,231 --> 00:43:36,101
STANDS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN 

1148
00:43:36,101 --> 00:43:38,037
DASH DIET.  AND THIS WAS 

1149
00:43:38,037 --> 00:43:39,405
ASSESSED AT THE FIRST YEAR OF 

1150
00:43:39,405 --> 00:43:43,442
THE ABCD STUDY SO WE LOOKED AT 

1151
00:43:43,442 --> 00:43:44,676
BASELINE SCREEN TIME AND THE 

1152
00:43:44,676 --> 00:43:48,614
MIND DIET ONE YEAR LATER AND 

1153
00:43:48,614 --> 00:43:49,248
PARTICULARLY ADHERENCE TO THE 

1154
00:43:49,248 --> 00:43:51,216
MIND DIET IN A SIMILAR ANALYSIS 

1155
00:43:51,216 --> 00:43:55,754
AS WE DID FOR THE BMI STUDY.  

1156
00:43:55,754 --> 00:43:57,322
AND OVERALL WE DID FIND IN TERMS

1157
00:43:57,322 --> 00:44:00,426
OF THE PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS, SO 

1158
00:44:00,426 --> 00:44:02,227
SCREEN TIME AT YEAR ZERO AND 

1159
00:44:02,227 --> 00:44:03,629
THEN MIND DIET AT YEAR ONE, 

1160
00:44:03,629 --> 00:44:05,831
OVERALL THERE WAS A LOWER 

1161
00:44:05,831 --> 00:44:08,600
ADHERENCE TO THE MIND DIET FOR 

1162
00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:09,802
MORE SCREEN EXPOSURE AND THEN WE

1163
00:44:09,802 --> 00:44:12,371
ALSO RAN THE ANALYSIS CROSS 

1164
00:44:12,371 --> 00:44:13,539
SECTIONALLY AND THE FINDINGS 

1165
00:44:13,539 --> 00:44:15,641
WERE A LITTLE BIT STRONGER.  

1166
00:44:15,641 --> 00:44:19,812
THERE WERE MORE MODALITIES THAT 

1167
00:44:19,812 --> 00:44:22,181
WERE ASSOCIATED.  FINALLY, IN 

1168
00:44:22,181 --> 00:44:23,048
ADDITION TO JUST GENERAL 

1169
00:44:23,048 --> 00:44:24,616
ADHERENCE TO NUTRITION, I THINK 

1170
00:44:24,616 --> 00:44:26,351
ONE OF THE OTHER INTERESTING 

1171
00:44:26,351 --> 00:44:30,289
FINDINGS THAT WE FOUND USING THE

1172
00:44:30,289 --> 00:44:32,257
MENTAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRES IS 

1173
00:44:32,257 --> 00:44:33,492
THAT THERE WAS MEASURES OF 

1174
00:44:33,492 --> 00:44:35,127
EATING DISORDERS AND 

1175
00:44:35,127 --> 00:44:36,895
PARTICULARLY BINGE EATING 

1176
00:44:36,895 --> 00:44:38,530
DISORDER AND BINGE EATING 

1177
00:44:38,530 --> 00:44:39,465
DISORDER CAN INVOLVE EATING 

1178
00:44:39,465 --> 00:44:42,334
LARGE VOLUMES OF FOOD WITH A 

1179
00:44:42,334 --> 00:44:44,670
LOSS OF CONTROL AND THEN 

1180
00:44:44,670 --> 00:44:47,339
POTENTIALLY FEELING GUILTY 

1181
00:44:47,339 --> 00:44:48,907
AFTERWARDS AND SO THERE WAS A 

1182
00:44:48,907 --> 00:44:49,942
QUESTIONNAIRE THAT SORT OF ASKED

1183
00:44:49,942 --> 00:44:51,276
SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT 

1184
00:44:51,276 --> 00:44:53,512
REALLY LINE UP TO THE DIAGNOSIS 

1185
00:44:53,512 --> 00:44:56,682
OF BINGE EATING DISORDER AND WE 

1186
00:44:56,682 --> 00:44:59,251
FOUND THAT LOOKING AT YEAR ONE 

1187
00:44:59,251 --> 00:45:02,187
EXPOSURE TO SCREEN USE AND THEN 

1188
00:45:02,187 --> 00:45:04,456
BINGE EAT DISORDER AT -- OR 

1189
00:45:04,456 --> 00:45:06,191
BASELINE SCREEN USE, BINGE 

1190
00:45:06,191 --> 00:45:10,395
EATING DISORDER ONE YEAR LATER, 

1191
00:45:10,395 --> 00:45:14,733
CONTROLLING FOR BASELINE BING 

1192
00:45:14,733 --> 00:45:17,035
EATING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA 

1193
00:45:17,035 --> 00:45:18,737
WAS AT HIGHER OTDS OF BINGE 

1194
00:45:18,737 --> 00:45:20,906
EATING DISORDER ONE YEAR LATER 

1195
00:45:20,906 --> 00:45:22,374
FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL HOUR AS 

1196
00:45:22,374 --> 00:45:26,145
WELL AS TEXTING AND TOTAL SCREEN

1197
00:45:26,145 --> 00:45:27,980
TIME.  NOW, LINKS BETWEEN SOCIAL

1198
00:45:27,980 --> 00:45:29,715
MEDIA AND EATING DISORDERS CAN 

1199
00:45:29,715 --> 00:45:32,417
BE REALLY COMPLEX, BUT IN 

1200
00:45:32,417 --> 00:45:34,653
GENERAL, HAVING CONSTANT 

1201
00:45:34,653 --> 00:45:36,955
COMPARISONS TO UNOBTAINABLE BODY

1202
00:45:36,955 --> 00:45:39,958
IDEALS THAT ARE BEING POSTED OR 

1203
00:45:39,958 --> 00:45:41,426
SHARES AND THEN ALSO THE FILTERS

1204
00:45:41,426 --> 00:45:51,537
AND EDITING CAN LEAD TO 

1205
00:45:51,537 --> 00:45:52,771
EFFECTIVELY SELECTION BIAS SO 

1206
00:45:52,771 --> 00:45:56,575
YOU'RE ONLY SEEING A VERY SMALL 

1207
00:45:56,575 --> 00:45:57,676
SAMPLING OF WHAT PEOPLE'S DAYS 

1208
00:45:57,676 --> 00:46:00,212
ARE ACTUALLY ARE LIKE BUT YOU'RE

1209
00:46:00,212 --> 00:46:02,781
SEEING THE MOST GLORIOUS OR THE 

1210
00:46:02,781 --> 00:46:04,116
MOST, YOU KNOW, THE MOST 

1211
00:46:04,116 --> 00:46:06,518
PROMOTING SORT OF IMAGES.  AND 

1212
00:46:06,518 --> 00:46:09,121
THEN ALSO SOCIAL MEDIA UNIQUELY 

1213
00:46:09,121 --> 00:46:10,889
I THINK AFFORDS PRESSURES ON 

1214
00:46:10,889 --> 00:46:12,658
TEENS TO DISPLAY THEIR OWN 

1215
00:46:12,658 --> 00:46:14,393
BODIES IN ORDER TO GAIN LIKES 

1216
00:46:14,393 --> 00:46:16,828
AND FOLLOWERS.  AND THERE MAY 

1217
00:46:16,828 --> 00:46:18,397
ALSO BE JUST OVERT EATING 

1218
00:46:18,397 --> 00:46:20,566
DISORDER CONTENT THAT'S POSTED 

1219
00:46:20,566 --> 00:46:21,533
ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND SO

1220
00:46:21,533 --> 00:46:25,237
THOSE ARE ALL POTENTIAL REASONS 

1221
00:46:25,237 --> 00:46:27,272
WHY SOCIAL MEDIA COULD 

1222
00:46:27,272 --> 00:46:28,840
EXACERBATE POOR BODY IMAGE AND 

1223
00:46:28,840 --> 00:46:30,275
EATING DISORDERS AND I'LL TALK 

1224
00:46:30,275 --> 00:46:33,645
ABOUT THAT A LITTLE BIT LATER.  

1225
00:46:33,645 --> 00:46:35,380
SO OVERALL, THE GOAL OF THIS 

1226
00:46:35,380 --> 00:46:36,915
RESEARCH IS REALLY TO TRY TO 

1227
00:46:36,915 --> 00:46:38,383
PROVIDE MORE GUIDANCE FOR 

1228
00:46:38,383 --> 00:46:40,686
PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS.  THERE 

1229
00:46:40,686 --> 00:46:42,387
IS CURRENT GUIDANCE FROM THE 

1230
00:46:42,387 --> 00:46:44,056
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS 

1231
00:46:44,056 --> 00:46:45,591
AND THEN THE SURGEON GENERAL 

1232
00:46:45,591 --> 00:46:47,559
ACTUALLY ISSUED AN ADVISORY 

1233
00:46:47,559 --> 00:46:48,560
EARLIER THIS YEAR PARTICULARLY 

1234
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:50,028
ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND MENTAL 

1235
00:46:50,028 --> 00:46:52,831
HEALTH IN ADOLESCENTS.  AND SO 

1236
00:46:52,831 --> 00:46:56,068
I'LL JUST BRIEFLY SAY THAT THESE

1237
00:46:56,068 --> 00:46:58,103
ARE THE MOST RECENT AMERICAN 

1238
00:46:58,103 --> 00:46:59,705
ACADEMY OF MEDIA USE GUIDELINES.

1239
00:46:59,705 --> 00:47:01,740
THE MAIN THING I THINK THAT IS 

1240
00:47:01,740 --> 00:47:03,742
IMPORTANT IS THAT THESE ARE SORT

1241
00:47:03,742 --> 00:47:06,678
OF THE AGE BASED 

1242
00:47:06,678 --> 00:47:07,746
RECOMMENDATIONS, BUT FOR FIVE TO

1243
00:47:07,746 --> 00:47:09,214
18 YEARS OLD WHICH IS A PRETTY 

1244
00:47:09,214 --> 00:47:11,250
LARGE RANGE, THE PREVIOUS 

1245
00:47:11,250 --> 00:47:11,850
RECOMMENDATION WAS TO LIMIT 

1246
00:47:11,850 --> 00:47:13,619
SCREEN TIME TO LESS THAN TWO 

1247
00:47:13,619 --> 00:47:15,087
HOURS PER DAY.  BUT THAT WAS 

1248
00:47:15,087 --> 00:47:17,823
ACTUALLY REPLACED IN 2016 

1249
00:47:17,823 --> 00:47:20,192
BECAUSE SO FEW ADOLESCENTS 

1250
00:47:20,192 --> 00:47:22,427
ACTUALLY MEET THIS GUIDELINE AND

1251
00:47:22,427 --> 00:47:24,963
SO NOW THEY RECOMMEND A FAMILY 

1252
00:47:24,963 --> 00:47:26,765
MEDIA USE PLAN WHICH IS MORE 

1253
00:47:26,765 --> 00:47:27,366
INDIVIDUALIZED AND THAT CAN 

1254
00:47:27,366 --> 00:47:30,736
INVOLVE REGULAR DISCUSSIONS WITH

1255
00:47:30,736 --> 00:47:32,037
FAMILY, SCREEN FREE TIMES LIKE 

1256
00:47:32,037 --> 00:47:37,175
BEDTIMES OR FAMILY MEALS AND 

1257
00:47:37,175 --> 00:47:39,745
FREE SCREEN ZONES AS WELL AS 

1258
00:47:39,745 --> 00:47:43,482
BALANCING MEDIA WITH OTHER 

1259
00:47:43,482 --> 00:47:44,049
ACTIVITIES AND EMPHASIZING 

1260
00:47:44,049 --> 00:47:45,550
DIGITAL PRIVACY AND SAFETY.  IN 

1261
00:47:45,550 --> 00:47:47,486
THE STUDY WE ACTUALLY LOOKED AT 

1262
00:47:47,486 --> 00:47:51,657
THE PARENT MEDIA PRACTICES AND 

1263
00:47:51,657 --> 00:47:54,893
FOUND THAT -- THAT THE -- THESE 

1264
00:47:54,893 --> 00:47:56,862
VARIOUS PARENT MEDIA PRACTICES 

1265
00:47:56,862 --> 00:47:59,898
WERE ACTUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH 

1266
00:47:59,898 --> 00:48:03,135
SCREEN USE, SO PARENTS' OWN 

1267
00:48:03,135 --> 00:48:04,870
SCREEN USE, HAVING MEAL TIMES 

1268
00:48:04,870 --> 00:48:06,271
BETWEEN USE AND BEDROOM SCREEN 

1269
00:48:06,271 --> 00:48:08,707
USE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE 

1270
00:48:08,707 --> 00:48:09,775
PROBLEMATIC SCREEN USE.  SO THIS

1271
00:48:09,775 --> 00:48:14,079
KIND OF REENFORCES THE AAP 

1272
00:48:14,079 --> 00:48:14,880
GUIDELINES.  AND THEN ALSO 

1273
00:48:14,880 --> 00:48:17,115
PARENT MONITORING OF SCREEN USE 

1274
00:48:17,115 --> 00:48:18,884
WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER 

1275
00:48:18,884 --> 00:48:21,920
PROBLEMATIC SOCIAL MEDIA AND 

1276
00:48:21,920 --> 00:48:26,391
MOBILE PHONE USE AND SO IS 

1277
00:48:26,391 --> 00:48:30,629
PARENTAL RESTRICTION.  THESE ARE

1278
00:48:30,629 --> 00:48:31,229
FOR EARLY ADOLESCENTS AND IT 

1279
00:48:31,229 --> 00:48:32,864
WILL BE INTERESTING TO LOOK AT 

1280
00:48:32,864 --> 00:48:33,965
THESE FINDINGS AS THE COHORT 

1281
00:48:33,965 --> 00:48:36,034
AGES TO MIDDLE AND LATE 

1282
00:48:36,034 --> 00:48:37,669
ADOLESCENCE.  FINALLY I'LL SAY 

1283
00:48:37,669 --> 00:48:40,038
THAT THE SURGEON GENERAL 

1284
00:48:40,038 --> 00:48:41,473
ACTUALLY JUST THIS YEAR RELEASED

1285
00:48:41,473 --> 00:48:43,975
A REPORT ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND 

1286
00:48:43,975 --> 00:48:47,245
MENTAL HEALTH AND DID PROVIDE 

1287
00:48:47,245 --> 00:48:51,683
SOME GUIDANCE FOR CHILDREN 

1288
00:48:51,683 --> 00:48:52,951
ADOLESCENTS AS WELL AS PARENTS 

1289
00:48:52,951 --> 00:48:55,087
AS WHAT CAN BE DONE.  AND I WILL

1290
00:48:55,087 --> 00:48:56,888
SAY THIS IS MOSTLY FOCUSED ON 

1291
00:48:56,888 --> 00:48:58,090
MENTAL HEALTH.  AND SO SOME OF 

1292
00:48:58,090 --> 00:49:00,859
THE GOALS THAT I HAVE FOR THIS 

1293
00:49:00,859 --> 00:49:02,327
RESEARCH IS TO ALSO REALLY 

1294
00:49:02,327 --> 00:49:04,996
INCORPORATE WAYS IN WHICH 

1295
00:49:04,996 --> 00:49:07,165
GUIDANCE CAN BE PROVIDED TO 

1296
00:49:07,165 --> 00:49:09,868
OPTIMIZE PHYSICAL HEALTH 

1297
00:49:09,868 --> 00:49:10,969
INCLUDING, YOU KNOW, 

1298
00:49:10,969 --> 00:49:14,106
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 

1299
00:49:14,106 --> 00:49:15,407
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.  SO MY 

1300
00:49:15,407 --> 00:49:17,342
OVERALL SORT OF FUTURE RESEARCH 

1301
00:49:17,342 --> 00:49:20,879
DIRECTION IS TO USE THE THE ABCD

1302
00:49:20,879 --> 00:49:22,314
STUDY ESPECIALLY AS THE COHORT 

1303
00:49:22,314 --> 00:49:24,216
AGES INTO MIDDLE AND LATE 

1304
00:49:24,216 --> 00:49:26,218
ADOLESCENCE TO REALLY TRY TO 

1305
00:49:26,218 --> 00:49:32,858
UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS AS TO HOW

1306
00:49:32,858 --> 00:49:35,694
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CAN IMPACT 

1307
00:49:35,694 --> 00:49:37,429
MENTAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

1308
00:49:37,429 --> 00:49:38,697
AND THEN GUIDANCE MORE SPECIFIC 

1309
00:49:38,697 --> 00:49:41,767
TO AGE RANGES TO INFORM CLINICAL

1310
00:49:41,767 --> 00:49:43,402
PRACTICE GUIDELINES.  AND I HAD 

1311
00:49:43,402 --> 00:49:46,371
MENTIONED THAT ONE OF OUR -- THE

1312
00:49:46,371 --> 00:49:49,040
LAST STUD DOY I MENTION TALKED 

1313
00:49:49,040 --> 00:49:50,375
ABOUT SCREEN USE AND BINGE 

1314
00:49:50,375 --> 00:49:52,010
EATING DISORDER AND SO IN 

1315
00:49:52,010 --> 00:49:54,246
PARTICULAR, GIVEN MY INTEREST IN

1316
00:49:54,246 --> 00:49:56,882
EATING DISORDERS AND I THINK 

1317
00:49:56,882 --> 00:49:58,850
RELEVANCE TO BINGE EATING IN 

1318
00:49:58,850 --> 00:50:00,752
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, I'M

1319
00:50:00,752 --> 00:50:01,787
EXCITED THAT WE HAVE JUST GOTTEN

1320
00:50:01,787 --> 00:50:03,255
FUNDING FROM THE NATIONAL 

1321
00:50:03,255 --> 00:50:06,224
INSTITUTES OF MENTAL HEALTH TO 

1322
00:50:06,224 --> 00:50:07,826
ACTUALLY LOOK -- TAKE A DEEPER 

1323
00:50:07,826 --> 00:50:10,195
DO I HAVE AT MECHANISMS LOOKING 

1324
00:50:10,195 --> 00:50:12,497
AT SCREEN -- SOCIAL MEDIA 

1325
00:50:12,497 --> 00:50:14,466
EXPOSURE AND BINGE EATING IN THE

1326
00:50:14,466 --> 00:50:15,801
ABCD STUDY AND THIS IS ALSO WHAT

1327
00:50:15,801 --> 00:50:18,370
I'LL BE WORKING ON FOR THE NEXT 

1328
00:50:18,370 --> 00:50:20,739
FIVE YEARS.  SO WITH THAT, I 

1329
00:50:20,739 --> 00:50:23,842
JUST WANT TO THANK ALL OF THE 

1330
00:50:23,842 --> 00:50:24,476
PARTICIPANTS, PARTICULARLY IN 

1331
00:50:24,476 --> 00:50:26,111
THE THREE COHORT STUDIES THAT 

1332
00:50:26,111 --> 00:50:29,114
I'VE MENTIONED AS WELL AS THE 

1333
00:50:29,114 --> 00:50:35,353
INVESTIGATORS AND SCIENTISTS AND

1334
00:50:35,353 --> 00:50:36,988
FUNDERS.  ALSO FOR MY NIH GRANT 

1335
00:50:36,988 --> 00:50:39,891
I HAVE A LOT OF MENTORS AND 

1336
00:50:39,891 --> 00:50:43,695
COLLABORATORS AN INSTITUTIONS 

1337
00:50:43,695 --> 00:50:45,997
THAT HAVE BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN 

1338
00:50:45,997 --> 00:50:47,132
THIS RESEARCH AS WELL AS MY LAB 

1339
00:50:47,132 --> 00:50:50,368
TEAM AT UCSF AND FUNDERS 

1340
00:50:50,368 --> 00:50:52,270
INCLUDING FROM THE NIH AND SO 

1341
00:50:52,270 --> 00:50:54,506
WITH THAT, I THINK I WILL TAKE 

1342
00:50:54,506 --> 00:50:59,010
SOME QUESTIONS.  

1343
00:50:59,010 --> 00:51:00,712
>> ALL RIGHT.  WELL, THANK
YOU 

1344
00:51:00,712 --> 00:51:03,215
SO MUCH FOR THAT GREAT 

1345
00:51:03,215 --> 00:51:07,319
PRESENTATION AND SO MUCH REALLY 

1346
00:51:07,319 --> 00:51:08,286
RELEVANT INFORMATION SHARED WITH

1347
00:51:08,286 --> 00:51:10,889
ALL OF US VERY TIMELY AND GIVING

1348
00:51:10,889 --> 00:51:12,324
US A LOT OF INFORMATION VERY 

1349
00:51:12,324 --> 00:51:15,594
RECENTLY FROM THE PANDEMIC.  SO 

1350
00:51:15,594 --> 00:51:17,262
JUST SO EVERYONE IS AWARE FOR 

1351
00:51:17,262 --> 00:51:18,396
THOSE VIEWERS OUT THERE WE'RE 

1352
00:51:18,396 --> 00:51:20,332
GOING TO PROBABLY GO ABOUT TEN 

1353
00:51:20,332 --> 00:51:22,234
MINUTES PAST THE HOUR BECAUSE WE

1354
00:51:22,234 --> 00:51:24,336
HAD THOSE TECHNICAL 

1355
00:51:24,336 --> 00:51:25,470
DIFFICULTIES.  THAT WAY WE CAN 

1356
00:51:25,470 --> 00:51:27,439
GET A FEW QUESTIONS IN SO THANKS

1357
00:51:27,439 --> 00:51:29,241
EVERYONE FOR HANGING ON, 

1358
00:51:29,241 --> 00:51:30,308
REALIZING THAT SOME PEOPLE WILL 

1359
00:51:30,308 --> 00:51:31,576
NEED TO DROP OFF BUT IF YOU CAN 

1360
00:51:31,576 --> 00:51:34,379
AND WANT TO STAY, PLEASE DO.  SO

1361
00:51:34,379 --> 00:51:36,348
I'LL GO AHEAD AND DIVE INTO THE 

1362
00:51:36,348 --> 00:51:39,351
QUESTIONS AND MY FIRST ONE FOR 

1363
00:51:39,351 --> 00:51:42,387
YOU, IS, SO I'M A MOM AND 

1364
00:51:42,387 --> 00:51:45,857
DEFINITELY GUILTY OF RELAXING 

1365
00:51:45,857 --> 00:51:47,526
THE SCREEN TIME RESTRICTIONS 

1366
00:51:47,526 --> 00:51:48,727
DURING THE PANDEMIC AND WHAT I 

1367
00:51:48,727 --> 00:51:50,328
WAS STRUCK WITH WAS THE GRAPH 

1368
00:51:50,328 --> 00:51:52,063
THAT SHOWS THAT SCREEN TIME WENT

1369
00:51:52,063 --> 00:51:55,634
UP A LOT DURING THE PANDEMIC AND

1370
00:51:55,634 --> 00:51:57,869
FELL, BUT DIDN'T GO BACK TO THE 

1371
00:51:57,869 --> 00:51:59,471
PREVIOUS.  AND I REALIZE THAT 

1372
00:51:59,471 --> 00:52:02,574
THAT'S LIKE, YOU KNOW, WASN'T TO

1373
00:52:02,574 --> 00:52:03,875
TODAY'S DATE AND SO MAYBE THINGS

1374
00:52:03,875 --> 00:52:05,343
HAVE CHANGED A LITTLE MORE, BUT 

1375
00:52:05,343 --> 00:52:06,878
I'M WONDERING FOR YOU WHAT YOU 

1376
00:52:06,878 --> 00:52:09,781
SEE OUT IN YOUR CLINIC AND IN 

1377
00:52:09,781 --> 00:52:10,949
OTHER RESEARCH.  DO YOU THINK 

1378
00:52:10,949 --> 00:52:13,885
WE'RE EVER GOING TO GET TO THAT 

1379
00:52:13,885 --> 00:52:15,120
PREPANDEMIC LEVEL?  ARE WE GOING

1380
00:52:15,120 --> 00:52:17,756
TO BE ABLE TO PUT THAT BACK IN 

1381
00:52:17,756 --> 00:52:19,224
THE BOTTLE OR ARE WE DEALING 

1382
00:52:19,224 --> 00:52:21,026
WITH A NEW NORM AS PUBLIC 

1383
00:52:21,026 --> 00:52:22,794
PROFESSIONALS AND NEEDING TO BE 

1384
00:52:22,794 --> 00:52:24,729
SORT OF NIMBLE IN TRYING TO 

1385
00:52:24,729 --> 00:52:26,364
DEVELOP INTERVENTIONS THAT CAN 

1386
00:52:26,364 --> 00:52:27,599
ADDRESS THE FACT THAT WE WILL 

1387
00:52:27,599 --> 00:52:29,434
ALWAYS HAVE MORE SCREEN TIME IN 

1388
00:52:29,434 --> 00:52:29,801
OUR YOUTH?  

1389
00:52:29,801 --> 00:52:31,803
>> YEAH.  I THINK THAT'S
SUCH 

1390
00:52:31,803 --> 00:52:35,507
A -- THAT'S ONE OF THE LIKE KEY 

1391
00:52:35,507 --> 00:52:37,108
QUESTIONS OF THE CONTEMPORARY 

1392
00:52:37,108 --> 00:52:38,443
SORT OF SOCIETIES THAT THERE'S 

1393
00:52:38,443 --> 00:52:41,212
SCREENS EVERYWHERE.  OUR KIDS 

1394
00:52:41,212 --> 00:52:41,947
ARE EXPOSED TO THEM.  WE'RE 

1395
00:52:41,947 --> 00:52:43,381
EXPOSED TO THEM AND I DO THINK 

1396
00:52:43,381 --> 00:52:46,251
TO SOME EXTENT THE PANDEMIC, YOU

1397
00:52:46,251 --> 00:52:47,886
KNOW, REALLY CATALYZED A LOT OF 

1398
00:52:47,886 --> 00:52:48,820
THAT.  NOW WE HAVE SO MANY 

1399
00:52:48,820 --> 00:52:51,189
THINGS ON ZOOM AND THAT'S REALLY

1400
00:52:51,189 --> 00:52:53,024
NORMALIZED AND SO I THINK ONE 

1401
00:52:53,024 --> 00:52:54,626
THING THAT THE SURGEON GENERAL'S

1402
00:52:54,626 --> 00:52:56,561
REPORT NOTES IS THAT SCREEN USE 

1403
00:52:56,561 --> 00:52:58,496
IN ITSELF IS NOT INHERENTLY BAD 

1404
00:52:58,496 --> 00:53:00,265
OR GOOD.  LIKE, IT'S JUST SORT 

1405
00:53:00,265 --> 00:53:02,867
OF THE WAYS WE USE IT AND BEING 

1406
00:53:02,867 --> 00:53:04,235
COGNIZANT OF POTENTIAL HEALTH 

1407
00:53:04,235 --> 00:53:05,870
RISKS AND BENEFITS AND I THINK 

1408
00:53:05,870 --> 00:53:07,305
THAT ONE OF THE CHALLENGES IN 

1409
00:53:07,305 --> 00:53:09,307
THIS FIELD IS THAT IT'S ALMOST 

1410
00:53:09,307 --> 00:53:10,909
IMPOSSIBLE TO COMPLETELY 

1411
00:53:10,909 --> 00:53:11,743
ELIMINATE SCREEN TIME FROM OUR 

1412
00:53:11,743 --> 00:53:15,780
LIVES INCLUDING OUR TEENAGERS' 

1413
00:53:15,780 --> 00:53:17,315
LIVES THESE DAYS AND SO PART OF 

1414
00:53:17,315 --> 00:53:18,950
THE REASON WHY THE AMERICAN 

1415
00:53:18,950 --> 00:53:21,219
ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS GOT RID OF

1416
00:53:21,219 --> 00:53:22,854
THEIR LIKE TWO HOUR LIMIT 

1417
00:53:22,854 --> 00:53:24,689
GUIDELINE IS THAT JUST IN 

1418
00:53:24,689 --> 00:53:26,157
TODAY'S DAY AND AGE, LIKE IT MAY

1419
00:53:26,157 --> 00:53:27,425
NOT BE POSSIBLE.  THERE'S LIKE 

1420
00:53:27,425 --> 00:53:30,128
SO MANY REASONS WHY YOU MIGHT 

1421
00:53:30,128 --> 00:53:33,898
NOT NEED TO USE SCREENS AND SO I

1422
00:53:33,898 --> 00:53:36,067
DO THINK THAT IT DOES SEEM LIKE 

1423
00:53:36,067 --> 00:53:38,003
THE TREND IS TO MORE SCREEN 

1424
00:53:38,003 --> 00:53:40,171
EXPOSURE AND WHILE WE'RE NOT AT 

1425
00:53:40,171 --> 00:53:41,706
THE SAME LEVELS AS AT THE HEIGHT

1426
00:53:41,706 --> 00:53:42,941
OF THE PANDEMIC I DO THINK THAT 

1427
00:53:42,941 --> 00:53:46,378
SOME -- THE TRANSITION TO LIKE 

1428
00:53:46,378 --> 00:53:48,413
REMOTE ACTIVITIES AND LEARNING 

1429
00:53:48,413 --> 00:53:50,448
AND, YOU KNOW, EVEN 

1430
00:53:50,448 --> 00:53:51,449
EXTRACURRICULARS HAS SORT OF 

1431
00:53:51,449 --> 00:53:54,386
PUSHED THE NEEDLE TOWARDS THE 

1432
00:53:54,386 --> 00:53:57,022
HIGHER EXPOSURES.  AND SO I DO 

1433
00:53:57,022 --> 00:53:58,957
THINK THAT PART OF IT -- THE 

1434
00:53:58,957 --> 00:54:00,258
GUIDANCE THAT WE'RE HOPING TO 

1435
00:54:00,258 --> 00:54:02,394
DEVELOP IS REALLY TRYING TO 

1436
00:54:02,394 --> 00:54:04,062
FIGURE IN THIS CONTEMPORARY 

1437
00:54:04,062 --> 00:54:05,330
SOCIETY WHERE WE DO HAVE THESE 

1438
00:54:05,330 --> 00:54:07,399
SCREEN EXPOSURES, WHAT ARE WAYS 

1439
00:54:07,399 --> 00:54:09,834
WE CAN REALLY MITIGATE THE RISKS

1440
00:54:09,834 --> 00:54:11,369
AND BE COGNIZANT OF THE TIME 

1441
00:54:11,369 --> 00:54:13,238
THAT WE ARE SPENDING ON SCREENS 

1442
00:54:13,238 --> 00:54:14,372
AND HOW THAT MIGHT DISPLACE 

1443
00:54:14,372 --> 00:54:17,709
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR SLEEP AND 

1444
00:54:17,709 --> 00:54:19,611
TRYING TO, YOU KNOW, IN THE REAL

1445
00:54:19,611 --> 00:54:21,246
WORLD TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW 

1446
00:54:21,246 --> 00:54:23,348
TO BEST GUIDE PEOPLE TO MITIGATE

1447
00:54:23,348 --> 00:54:24,315
THE RISKS.  

1448
00:54:24,315 --> 00:54:27,018
>> GREAT.  THANKS FOR THAT

1449
00:54:27,018 --> 00:54:29,421
ANSWER.  SO ANOTHER QUESTION 

1450
00:54:29,421 --> 00:54:31,823
THAT CAME IN WAS ABOUT TIME USE 

1451
00:54:31,823 --> 00:54:34,325
IN GENERAL DURING THE PANDEMIC. 

1452
00:54:34,325 --> 00:54:36,027
SO YES, SCREEN TIME WENT UP BUT 

1453
00:54:36,027 --> 00:54:37,696
PEOPLE TENDED TO HAVE MORE 

1454
00:54:37,696 --> 00:54:40,932
HOURS.  SO IS IT POSSIBLE THAT 

1455
00:54:40,932 --> 00:54:41,633
POSITIVE THINGS LIKE MORE 

1456
00:54:41,633 --> 00:54:44,369
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN GO UP 

1457
00:54:44,369 --> 00:54:46,938
DURING THE PANDEMIC OUTSIDE 

1458
00:54:46,938 --> 00:54:48,173
ACTIVITY, FOR INSTANCE, EXERCISE

1459
00:54:48,173 --> 00:54:49,841
AND WHATNOT AND THEN ALSO SCREEN

1460
00:54:49,841 --> 00:54:52,777
TIME AND THEN MY QUESTION TO YOU

1461
00:54:52,777 --> 00:54:56,715
THEREIN IS, SOME OF THE RESEARCH

1462
00:54:56,715 --> 00:54:58,049
SHOWED THAT MIGHT NOT MATTER.  

1463
00:54:58,049 --> 00:54:59,751
SO IT DOESN'T MATTER BECAUSE IF 

1464
00:54:59,751 --> 00:55:00,452
YOU'RE GETTING THAT MORE SCREEN 

1465
00:55:00,452 --> 00:55:02,353
TIME YOU'RE GETTING THAT HARMFUL

1466
00:55:02,353 --> 00:55:03,655
EFFECT WHETHER OR NOT THE OTHER 

1467
00:55:03,655 --> 00:55:04,856
POSITIVES ARE ALSO GOING UP.  SO

1468
00:55:04,856 --> 00:55:07,092
IF YOU COULD SPEAK TO THAT.

1469
00:55:07,092 --> 00:55:09,728
>> YEAH.  I DO THINK THAT,
YOU 

1470
00:55:09,728 --> 00:55:11,196
KNOW, THE PANDEMIC ESPECIALLY 

1471
00:55:11,196 --> 00:55:13,865
DURING LOCKDOWNS WAS A REALLY 

1472
00:55:13,865 --> 00:55:15,767
UNIQUE TIME IN WHICH, YOU KNOW, 

1473
00:55:15,767 --> 00:55:17,368
THERE JUST WERE NOT A LOT OF 

1474
00:55:17,368 --> 00:55:18,803
OTHER OPTIONS AND SO EVEN THOUGH

1475
00:55:18,803 --> 00:55:21,272
THERE WAS A LOT OF SCREEN 

1476
00:55:21,272 --> 00:55:22,807
EXPOSURE, JUST GIVEN THE LAWS 

1477
00:55:22,807 --> 00:55:25,043
AND THE, YOU KNOW, THE SAFETY 

1478
00:55:25,043 --> 00:55:27,345
LIKE I THINK IT'S -- IT'S 

1479
00:55:27,345 --> 00:55:29,280
UNDERSTANDABLE WHY LIKE YOU 

1480
00:55:29,280 --> 00:55:29,914
KNOW, SOME OF THAT HAPPENED JUST

1481
00:55:29,914 --> 00:55:30,615
BECAUSE THERE WEREN'T REALLY 

1482
00:55:30,615 --> 00:55:38,022
SAFE ALTERNATIVES.  BUT I DO 

1483
00:55:38,022 --> 00:55:38,656
THINK THAT THERE ARE LIKE -- I 

1484
00:55:38,656 --> 00:55:39,991
DO THINK THERE ARE SOME LESSONS 

1485
00:55:39,991 --> 00:55:41,860
THAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM THAT 

1486
00:55:41,860 --> 00:55:43,795
AND ONE IS THAT WHILE MOST 

1487
00:55:43,795 --> 00:55:46,364
SCREEN TIME IN GENERAL IS 

1488
00:55:46,364 --> 00:55:49,267
SEDENTARY IT DOESN'T HAVE TO BE.

1489
00:55:49,267 --> 00:55:51,503
YOU CAN THINK ABOUT INSTANCES, 

1490
00:55:51,503 --> 00:55:53,338
WHERE THERE WAS REMOTE PE 

1491
00:55:53,338 --> 00:55:54,372
CLASSES OR YOU CAN WATCH 

1492
00:55:54,372 --> 00:55:57,575
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY VIDEOS OR DO 

1493
00:55:57,575 --> 00:55:59,677
GROUP CLASSES ON SCREENS AND 

1494
00:55:59,677 --> 00:56:02,046
THERE'S EVEN LIKE SOME INVOLVE 

1495
00:56:02,046 --> 00:56:03,882
INTERVENTIONS LIKE ON VIDEO 

1496
00:56:03,882 --> 00:56:05,450
GAMING.  YOU CAN USE VIDEO GAMES

1497
00:56:05,450 --> 00:56:08,887
AS AN EXERCISE, A WAY TO PROMOTE

1498
00:56:08,887 --> 00:56:10,789
EXERCISE SO I DO THINK THERE ARE

1499
00:56:10,789 --> 00:56:12,257
SPECIFIC USE CASES IN WHICH YOU 

1500
00:56:12,257 --> 00:56:13,491
COULD TRY TO REVERSE THAT TREND 

1501
00:56:13,491 --> 00:56:15,226
OR USE SCREENS TO ACTUAL 

1502
00:56:15,226 --> 00:56:16,795
LEVERAGE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR 

1503
00:56:16,795 --> 00:56:18,830
SOME OF THESE, YOU KNOW, OR 

1504
00:56:18,830 --> 00:56:23,401
OTHER HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIORS

1505
00:56:23,401 --> 00:56:25,136
BUT I THINK ON ARVERAGE MOST 

1506
00:56:25,136 --> 00:56:26,938
PEOPLE ARE MOSTLY SITTING AND SO

1507
00:56:26,938 --> 00:56:29,307
I DO THINK THAT -- BUT I DO 

1508
00:56:29,307 --> 00:56:30,508
THINK THAT THIS SORT OF -- ONE 

1509
00:56:30,508 --> 00:56:32,343
OF THE -- SO I THINK ONE OF THE 

1510
00:56:32,343 --> 00:56:35,547
PRIMARY MECHANISMS BY WHICH 

1511
00:56:35,547 --> 00:56:36,648
SCREEN CAN IMPACT SLEEP AND 

1512
00:56:36,648 --> 00:56:38,416
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS LIKE 

1513
00:56:38,416 --> 00:56:40,318
THROUGH THE DISPLACEMENT 

1514
00:56:40,318 --> 00:56:41,319
HYPOTHESIS.  IF YOU ARE SPENDING

1515
00:56:41,319 --> 00:56:44,088
EIGHT HOURS OF YOUR DAY IN FRONT

1516
00:56:44,088 --> 00:56:46,224
OF SCREENS THOSE ARE EIGHT HOURS

1517
00:56:46,224 --> 00:56:47,592
NOT BEING SPENT IN GENERAL DOING

1518
00:56:47,592 --> 00:56:48,726
ACTIVITY OR SLEEPING AND SO 

1519
00:56:48,726 --> 00:56:50,128
TRYING TO THINK ABOUT, YOU KNOW,

1520
00:56:50,128 --> 00:56:51,796
LIKE GIVEN THAT WE ONLY HAVE 24 

1521
00:56:51,796 --> 00:56:53,565
HOURS IN A DAY, IF YOU'RE GOING 

1522
00:56:53,565 --> 00:56:55,366
TO BE SLEEPING IDEALLY FOR LIKE 

1523
00:56:55,366 --> 00:56:56,901
EIGHT OR NINE HOURS, YOU KNOW, 

1524
00:56:56,901 --> 00:56:58,770
AND THEN YOU'RE IN SCHOOL OR YOU

1525
00:56:58,770 --> 00:57:00,205
KNOW, FOR ANOTHER EIGHT HOURS, 

1526
00:57:00,205 --> 00:57:02,273
THAT REALLY ONLY GIVES YOU, YOU 

1527
00:57:02,273 --> 00:57:03,641
KNOW, EIGHT HOURS OTHERWISE TO 

1528
00:57:03,641 --> 00:57:05,543
DO EVERYTHING ELSE AND SO HOW 

1529
00:57:05,543 --> 00:57:07,645
ARE YOU USING THOSE REMAINING 

1530
00:57:07,645 --> 00:57:10,582
EIGHT HOURS?  AND I THINK THAT'S

1531
00:57:10,582 --> 00:57:12,550
SORT OF ONE WAY WE CAN KIND OF 

1532
00:57:12,550 --> 00:57:13,518
THINK ABOUT IT.

1533
00:57:13,518 --> 00:57:15,887
>> YEAH.  THANKS.  THAT'S
A 

1534
00:57:15,887 --> 00:57:17,088
GREAT ANSWER.  WE HAVE A COUPLE 

1535
00:57:17,088 --> 00:57:18,923
OTHER QUESTIONS COMING IN THAT 

1536
00:57:18,923 --> 00:57:20,525
ARE TALKING ABOUT SOME OF THE 

1537
00:57:20,525 --> 00:57:21,793
COMPLEXITIES OF SCREEN TIME USE 

1538
00:57:21,793 --> 00:57:24,295
IN GENERAL.  AND SO ONE OF THEM 

1539
00:57:24,295 --> 00:57:25,930
WAS WONDERING, IN GENERAL, BUT 

1540
00:57:25,930 --> 00:57:27,332
ALSO SPECIFICALLY IN THE 

1541
00:57:27,332 --> 00:57:30,969
MEASUREMENT OF ABCD, HOW DO YOU 

1542
00:57:30,969 --> 00:57:32,904
ACCOUNT FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS 

1543
00:57:32,904 --> 00:57:34,405
ENGAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCREEN 

1544
00:57:34,405 --> 00:57:36,207
MODALITIES?  SO IF THEY'RE 

1545
00:57:36,207 --> 00:57:37,675
TEXTING WHILE THEY'RE STREAMING 

1546
00:57:37,675 --> 00:57:39,244
DOES IT COUNT AS FOUR HOURS, 

1547
00:57:39,244 --> 00:57:40,678
DOES IT COUNT AS TWO HOURS?  DO 

1548
00:57:40,678 --> 00:57:42,847
YOU THINK IT MATTERS IN TERMS OF

1549
00:57:42,847 --> 00:57:45,550
SOME OF THE OUTCOMES 

1550
00:57:45,550 --> 00:57:46,484
PARTICULARLY CARDIOVASCULAR 

1551
00:57:46,484 --> 00:57:47,952
OUTCOMES BUT ALSO MENTAL HEALTH 

1552
00:57:47,952 --> 00:57:49,487
AND SORT OF BRAIN ENGAGEMENT AS 

1553
00:57:49,487 --> 00:57:49,988
WELL. ?  

1554
00:57:49,988 --> 00:57:51,823
>> YEAH, I THINK THAT'S
ACTUALLY

1555
00:57:51,823 --> 00:57:53,224
A REALLY GREAT QUESTION.  SO ONE

1556
00:57:53,224 --> 00:57:56,160
OF THE WAYS THAT -- SO THE ABCD 

1557
00:57:56,160 --> 00:57:57,428
STUDY ASKS ABOUT EACH INDIVIDUAL

1558
00:57:57,428 --> 00:58:03,334
MODALITY AND LIKE THE TOTAL TIME

1559
00:58:03,334 --> 00:58:03,968
THAT AN ADOLESCENT SPENDS PER 

1560
00:58:03,968 --> 00:58:09,874
DAY.  AND SO ONE OF THE OTHER 

1561
00:58:09,874 --> 00:58:10,508
KIND OF NOVEL PHENOMENON IS THIS

1562
00:58:10,508 --> 00:58:12,577
DIGITAL MULTITASKING I'M ON MY 

1563
00:58:12,577 --> 00:58:14,979
ZOOM CALL BUT I HAVE MY PHONE ON

1564
00:58:14,979 --> 00:58:18,316
BUT I'M WATCHING NETFLIX VIDEO 

1565
00:58:18,316 --> 00:58:23,588
AND YOU'RE VIDEO MULTITASKS SO 

1566
00:58:23,588 --> 00:58:25,556
IF THEY WERE DOING THAT, WE 

1567
00:58:25,556 --> 00:58:27,759
WOULD DOUBLE COUNT.  SO IF 

1568
00:58:27,759 --> 00:58:29,027
THEY'RE COUNTING THEIR TELEPHONE

1569
00:58:29,027 --> 00:58:30,161
TIME WHILE THEY'RE WATCHING A 

1570
00:58:30,161 --> 00:58:31,296
VIDEO, THAT WOULD BE DOUBLE 

1571
00:58:31,296 --> 00:58:32,297
COUNTED SO THERE ARE SOME 

1572
00:58:32,297 --> 00:58:34,198
INSTANCES IN WHICH WE DO THINK 

1573
00:58:34,198 --> 00:58:35,266
LIKE THERE MIGHT BE 

1574
00:58:35,266 --> 00:58:36,734
OVERESTIMATES OF SCREEN TIME, 

1575
00:58:36,734 --> 00:58:38,069
BUT I ALSO THINK THAT AT LEAST 

1576
00:58:38,069 --> 00:58:39,537
FOR THE SELF-REPORTED PART, 

1577
00:58:39,537 --> 00:58:42,407
THERE'S ALSO, YOU KNOW, 

1578
00:58:42,407 --> 00:58:44,242
POTENTIALLY -- I THINK IN 

1579
00:58:44,242 --> 00:58:46,411
GENERAL WE FIND THAT ADOLESCENTS

1580
00:58:46,411 --> 00:58:47,412
TEND TO UNDERREPORT THEIR SCREEN

1581
00:58:47,412 --> 00:58:49,213
TIME OVERALL AND YOU KNOW, 

1582
00:58:49,213 --> 00:58:50,181
PERHAPS JUST BECAUSE THEY KNOW 

1583
00:58:50,181 --> 00:58:52,583
THEY'RE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE ON IT

1584
00:58:52,583 --> 00:58:53,952
SO MUCH SO I THINK IT'S HARD TO 

1585
00:58:53,952 --> 00:58:56,654
TELL AND THAT IS ONE OF THE 

1586
00:58:56,654 --> 00:59:01,326
LIMITS OF SELF-REPORTED MEASURES

1587
00:59:01,326 --> 00:59:01,893
BUT I DO THINK THAT DIGITAL 

1588
00:59:01,893 --> 00:59:08,199
MULTITASKING IS A NEW PHENOMENA.

1589
00:59:08,199 --> 00:59:08,866
BACK IN THE '80S WHEN THERE WAS 

1590
00:59:08,866 --> 00:59:11,369
MOSTLY TELEVISION WE DIDN'T HAVE

1591
00:59:11,369 --> 00:59:12,537
TO WORRY ABOUT THAT.  BUT THAT 

1592
00:59:12,537 --> 00:59:13,471
IS AN INTERESTING QUESTION.

1593
00:59:13,471 --> 00:59:15,239
>> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD
POINT AND

1594
00:59:15,239 --> 00:59:17,041
SORT OF HOW IT COULD COME OUT 

1595
00:59:17,041 --> 00:59:18,810
AND SOME PEOPLE ARE 

1596
00:59:18,810 --> 00:59:19,477
UNDERREPORTING, SOME PEOPLE MAY 

1597
00:59:19,477 --> 00:59:21,145
BE OVERREPORTING, YOU KNOW, SO 

1598
00:59:21,145 --> 00:59:25,249
IT CAN KIND OF VARY LIKE IN THAT

1599
00:59:25,249 --> 00:59:27,652
WAY.  ANOTHER QUESTION WAS ABOUT

1600
00:59:27,652 --> 00:59:28,486
SPECIFICALLY BEDTIME SCREEN USE 

1601
00:59:28,486 --> 00:59:31,756
AND WHETHER THAT WAS ASSOCIATED 

1602
00:59:31,756 --> 00:59:34,225
WITH CBD RISK FACTORS IN 

1603
00:59:34,225 --> 00:59:35,526
PARTICULAR OR DID YOU LOOK AT 

1604
00:59:35,526 --> 00:59:37,862
THOSE DIFFERENT MODALITIES AND 

1605
00:59:37,862 --> 00:59:39,931
TIMES OF USE OF SCREENS?  

1606
00:59:39,931 --> 00:59:41,399
>> THAT IS A REALLY GREAT 

1607
00:59:41,399 --> 00:59:43,001
QUESTION.  WE HAVE NOT YET 

1608
00:59:43,001 --> 00:59:44,736
LOOKED AT THE BEDTIME SCREEN USE

1609
00:59:44,736 --> 00:59:46,637
AND THE CBD RISK FACTORS BUT I 

1610
00:59:46,637 --> 00:59:48,239
WILL TAKE A NOTE OF THAT AND WE 

1611
00:59:48,239 --> 00:59:49,841
CAN RUN THOSE ANALYSIS AND GET 

1612
00:59:49,841 --> 00:59:50,975
BACK TO YOU NEXT TIME.  BUT 

1613
00:59:50,975 --> 00:59:52,243
THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

1614
00:59:52,243 --> 00:59:55,980
>> NO, NO, NO.  WE REALIZE
THAT 

1615
00:59:55,980 --> 00:59:57,115
YOU HAVE A LOT MORE TO MIND IN 

1616
00:59:57,115 --> 00:59:59,450
ALL OF THIS SO YEAH, THAT CAN 

1617
00:59:59,450 --> 01:00:00,852
DEFINITELY BE A FUTURE 

1618
01:00:00,852 --> 01:00:01,919
DIRECTION.  AND I THINK WE HAVE 

1619
01:00:01,919 --> 01:00:02,787
TIME FOR ABOUT TWO MORE 

1620
01:00:02,787 --> 01:00:05,390
QUESTIONS AND THEN WE'LL WRAP 

1621
01:00:05,390 --> 01:00:06,657
UP.  AND SO A QUESTION CAME IN, 

1622
01:00:06,657 --> 01:00:08,826
CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP

1623
01:00:08,826 --> 01:00:11,562
WITH THE MIND DIET AND SCREEN 

1624
01:00:11,562 --> 01:00:13,297
TIME MAYBE A LITTLE BIT MORE 

1625
01:00:13,297 --> 01:00:14,399
THAN YOU HAVE THUS FAR?  

1626
01:00:14,399 --> 01:00:18,403
>> OH, YEAH.  SO THE -- I
WILL 

1627
01:00:18,403 --> 01:00:20,104
SAY THAT THE MIND DIET WAS ONLY 

1628
01:00:20,104 --> 01:00:22,407
ASKED AT YEAR ONE AND SO WE 

1629
01:00:22,407 --> 01:00:23,941
WEREN'T ABLE TO DO LIKE AS MUCH 

1630
01:00:23,941 --> 01:00:26,411
OF A, YOU KNOW, DETAILED 

1631
01:00:26,411 --> 01:00:29,547
PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS, BUT YEAH, 

1632
01:00:29,547 --> 01:00:30,415
THE MIND DIET IS THE 

1633
01:00:30,415 --> 01:00:32,917
MEDITERRANEAN DASH.  IT'S 

1634
01:00:32,917 --> 01:00:34,619
DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP 

1635
01:00:34,619 --> 01:00:36,254
HYPERTENSION AND THEN IT'S 

1636
01:00:36,254 --> 01:00:36,988
INTERVENTION FOR 

1637
01:00:36,988 --> 01:00:38,089
NEURODEGENERATIVE DELAY.  I WILL

1638
01:00:38,089 --> 01:00:39,857
SAY THAT MY UNDERSTANDING IS 

1639
01:00:39,857 --> 01:00:41,993
THAT THE MIND DIET WAS ACTUALLY 

1640
01:00:41,993 --> 01:00:43,694
PRIMARILY -- OR HAS PRIMARILY 

1641
01:00:43,694 --> 01:00:45,863
BEEN STUDIED MORE IN OLDER 

1642
01:00:45,863 --> 01:00:47,665
ADULTS AND FOR LIKE COGNITIVE 

1643
01:00:47,665 --> 01:00:51,769
SORT OF BENEFIT OR TO PREVENT 

1644
01:00:51,769 --> 01:00:53,371
NEURODEGENERATIVE DELAY.  IT IS 

1645
01:00:53,371 --> 01:00:55,840
BASED OFF THE MEDITERRANEAN AND 

1646
01:00:55,840 --> 01:00:57,275
DASH DIET.  SO THE THINGS THAT 

1647
01:00:57,275 --> 01:00:59,744
ARE RECOMMENDED IN IT ARE LIKE 

1648
01:00:59,744 --> 01:01:01,112
GENERALLY GOOD FOR 

1649
01:01:01,112 --> 01:01:02,947
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SO WE DID 

1650
01:01:02,947 --> 01:01:04,782
LOOK AT THAT ONE MEASURE.  I 

1651
01:01:04,782 --> 01:01:06,818
WILL SAY THAT SUBSEQUENTLY, THE 

1652
01:01:06,818 --> 01:01:09,287
ABCD STUDY HAS ACTUALLY USED A 

1653
01:01:09,287 --> 01:01:12,056
DIFFERENT DIETARY MEASURE, THE 

1654
01:01:12,056 --> 01:01:14,959
BLOCK FOOD SCREENER WHICH IS A 

1655
01:01:14,959 --> 01:01:16,227
LITTLE BIT MORE COMPREHENSIVE 

1656
01:01:16,227 --> 01:01:17,495
AND HAS DIFFERENT FOOD 

1657
01:01:17,495 --> 01:01:18,629
CATEGORIES AND DIFFERENT FOOD 

1658
01:01:18,629 --> 01:01:19,764
GROUPS SO WE HAVE NOT ANALYZED 

1659
01:01:19,764 --> 01:01:21,099
THAT YET SO I DO THINK THAT WILL

1660
01:01:21,099 --> 01:01:23,134
ALSO BE AN AREA OF FUTURE 

1661
01:01:23,134 --> 01:01:24,469
RESEARCH.  SO THE MIND DIET 

1662
01:01:24,469 --> 01:01:26,070
QUESTIONNAIRE IS JUST ADHERENCE 

1663
01:01:26,070 --> 01:01:27,672
TO THAT SPECIFIC DIET WHERE AS I

1664
01:01:27,672 --> 01:01:28,639
THINK THE QUESTIONNAIRE THAT IS 

1665
01:01:28,639 --> 01:01:30,208
NOW INVOLVED HAS LIKE ALL THE 

1666
01:01:30,208 --> 01:01:31,275
DIFFERENT FOOD GROUPS AND 

1667
01:01:31,275 --> 01:01:35,046
DIFFERENT PARTS BUT IT'S ALSO 

1668
01:01:35,046 --> 01:01:36,447
LIKE MANY NUTRITION, IT'S 

1669
01:01:36,447 --> 01:01:37,782
COMPLEX TO ANALYZE BECAUSE 

1670
01:01:37,782 --> 01:01:38,983
THERE'S SO MANY CATEGORIES.

1671
01:01:38,983 --> 01:01:41,018
>> YEAH, I THINK THAT'S
ALWAYS A

1672
01:01:41,018 --> 01:01:42,420
TOUGH THING WITH DIET RESEARCH 

1673
01:01:42,420 --> 01:01:44,255
IS SORT OF GOING INTO THE 

1674
01:01:44,255 --> 01:01:46,524
DIFFERENT FOOD GROUPS AND HOW 

1675
01:01:46,524 --> 01:01:47,191
CAN WE PULL OUT WHAT WE REALLY 

1676
01:01:47,191 --> 01:01:48,559
NEED FROM THAT.  SO ONE LAST 

1677
01:01:48,559 --> 01:01:50,895
QUESTION THAT HAS COME IN IS CAN

1678
01:01:50,895 --> 01:01:53,131
YOU SAY A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT 

1679
01:01:53,131 --> 01:01:54,632
THE RECOMMENDED FUTURE 

1680
01:01:54,632 --> 01:01:55,933
DIRECTIONS?  BECAUSE YOU WERE 

1681
01:01:55,933 --> 01:01:56,934
PRETTY BRIEF ON YOUR LAST SLIDE 

1682
01:01:56,934 --> 01:01:58,769
WHEN YOU TALKED AS THOSE FUTURE 

1683
01:01:58,769 --> 01:02:00,171
DIRECTIONS SO IF YOU WANTED TO 

1684
01:02:00,171 --> 01:02:02,140
HIT ON A COUPLE MORE POINTS WE'D

1685
01:02:02,140 --> 01:02:02,874
ALL LIKE TO HEAR THEM.

1686
01:02:02,874 --> 01:02:05,510
>> OH, YES.  I THINK
OVERALL MY 

1687
01:02:05,510 --> 01:02:08,412
GOAL IS -- AS I MENTIONED, THE 

1688
01:02:08,412 --> 01:02:11,816
LAST OFFICIAL GUIDANCE FROM THE 

1689
01:02:11,816 --> 01:02:12,450
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS 

1690
01:02:12,450 --> 01:02:14,952
WAS PUBLISHED IN 2016 AND IT'S 

1691
01:02:14,952 --> 01:02:16,854
ACTUALLY FOR ALL SCREEN USE, NOT

1692
01:02:16,854 --> 01:02:18,389
JUST SOCIAL MEDIA OR SPECIFIC 

1693
01:02:18,389 --> 01:02:20,424
MODALITIES AND AS I MENTIONED 

1694
01:02:20,424 --> 01:02:23,327
THE AGE RANGE SPANS 5 TO 

1695
01:02:23,327 --> 01:02:24,762
18-YEAR-OLDS AND YOU CAN IMAGINE

1696
01:02:24,762 --> 01:02:26,531
WHAT YOU MIGHT RECOMMEND FOR A 

1697
01:02:26,531 --> 01:02:27,765
5-YEAR-OLD WOULD BE VERY DIRN 

1698
01:02:27,765 --> 01:02:29,567
THAN FOR AN 18-YEAR-OLD.  AND SO

1699
01:02:29,567 --> 01:02:32,670
I THINK ONE OF THE GOALS OF THE 

1700
01:02:32,670 --> 01:02:35,673
OUR ANALYSIS OF THE ABCD STUDY 

1701
01:02:35,673 --> 01:02:41,546
IS TO REALLY LOOK AT THESE 

1702
01:02:41,546 --> 01:02:42,180
REALLY IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTAL 

1703
01:02:42,180 --> 01:02:43,281
WINDOWS AND THEN MID ADOLESCENCE

1704
01:02:43,281 --> 01:02:44,949
AND THEN OLDER ADOLESCENCE AND 

1705
01:02:44,949 --> 01:02:47,018
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IF THERE 

1706
01:02:47,018 --> 01:02:48,386
ARE SENSITIVE PERIODS FOR YOU 

1707
01:02:48,386 --> 01:02:54,058
KNOW, SOCIAL MEDIA EXPOSURE OR 

1708
01:02:54,058 --> 01:02:54,659
SOME OF THESE CON TEMPERATURE 

1709
01:02:54,659 --> 01:02:54,992
RA

1710
01:02:54,992 --> 01:02:56,894
 -- CONTEMPORARY EXPOSURES AND 

1711
01:02:56,894 --> 01:02:58,496
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.  SO IF 

1712
01:02:58,496 --> 01:03:02,500
YOU'RE A PARENT OF A YOUNG A

1713
01:03:02,500 --> 01:03:06,404
ADD -- ADOLESCENTS AND COMPARED 

1714
01:03:06,404 --> 01:03:10,675
TO OLDER ADOLESCENTS SO AND SO I

1715
01:03:10,675 --> 01:03:13,578
THINK OUR GOAL IS TO CREATE MORE

1716
01:03:13,578 --> 01:03:14,812
AGE RANGE AND BY SPECIFIC SCREEN

1717
01:03:14,812 --> 01:03:17,215
MODALITY POTENTIALLY BECAUSE I 

1718
01:03:17,215 --> 01:03:20,551
THINK A LOT OF THE EVIDENCE 

1719
01:03:20,551 --> 01:03:22,420
CITED IN THE CURRENT GUIDELINES 

1720
01:03:22,420 --> 01:03:23,654
IS BASED ON TELEVISION VIEWING 

1721
01:03:23,654 --> 01:03:26,424
AND IT DOESN'T INCORP. RAUT THE 

1722
01:03:26,424 --> 01:03:28,593
NEW EXPOSURES AND THE 

1723
01:03:28,593 --> 01:03:29,193
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES.  SO I 

1724
01:03:29,193 --> 01:03:32,463
THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE GOALS 

1725
01:03:32,463 --> 01:03:33,097
FOR THIS RESEARCH IS TO LOOK AT 

1726
01:03:33,097 --> 01:03:33,931
THE DIFFERENT STAGES AND RIGHT 

1727
01:03:33,931 --> 01:03:36,567
NOW WE'VE FOCUSED ON EARLY 

1728
01:03:36,567 --> 01:03:37,201
ADOLESCENCE BECAUSE THAT'S THE 

1729
01:03:37,201 --> 01:03:39,804
DATA THAT'S AVAILABLE IN THE 

1730
01:03:39,804 --> 01:03:42,006
ABCD STUDY.  BUT AS THE COHORT 

1731
01:03:42,006 --> 01:03:44,108
AGES HOPEFULLY WE'LL HAVE MORE 

1732
01:03:44,108 --> 01:03:45,309
INFORMATION ABOUT THE LATER 

1733
01:03:45,309 --> 01:03:46,377
ADOLESCENT AGES.  

1734
01:03:46,377 --> 01:03:48,412
>> YEAH, GREAT.  WELL, I
WANT TO

1735
01:03:48,412 --> 01:03:50,014
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR TAKING THE

1736
01:03:50,014 --> 01:03:51,749
TIME OUT OF YOUR DAY TO COME AND

1737
01:03:51,749 --> 01:03:53,451
TALK TO US AND SHARE THIS 

1738
01:03:53,451 --> 01:03:55,353
INFORMATION ON THIS IMPORTANT 

1739
01:03:55,353 --> 01:03:56,654
TOPIC.  TO EVERYONE ELSE OUT 

1740
01:03:56,654 --> 01:03:57,488
THERE, BEFORE WE CLOSE I JUST 

1741
01:03:57,488 --> 01:04:00,658
WANT TO REMIND YOU THAT WE HAVE 

1742
01:04:00,658 --> 01:04:02,393
OUR FINAL OBESITY NUTRITION AND 

1743
01:04:02,393 --> 01:04:04,528
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SEMINAR OF THE

1744
01:04:04,528 --> 01:04:06,764
YEAR, IT'S COMING UP ON 

1745
01:04:06,764 --> 01:04:09,533
NOVEMBER 6TH ENTITLED THE 

1746
01:04:09,533 --> 01:04:11,502
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT

1747
01:04:11,502 --> 01:04:13,971
ADIPOSITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR 

1748
01:04:13,971 --> 01:04:16,507
RISK AMONGST SOUTH ASIAN 

1749
01:04:16,507 --> 01:04:18,943
AMERICANS.  AND SO PLEASE STAY 

1750
01:04:18,943 --> 01:04:20,678
TUNED FOR MORE DETAILS.  THEY'LL

1751
01:04:20,678 --> 01:04:23,047
BE AVAILABLE ABOUT THE TIMING OF

1752
01:04:23,047 --> 01:04:25,816
THAT SEMINAR.  BUT SAVE THE DATE

1753
01:04:25,816 --> 01:04:28,185
FOR NOVEMBER 6TH.  SO THANKS, 

1754
01:04:28,185 --> 01:04:30,121
AGAIN, WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR

1755
01:04:30,121 --> 01:04:31,222
TIME AND TO EVERYONE ELSE WHO 

1756
01:04:31,222 --> 01:04:32,923
TUNED IN, THANK YOU SO MUCH AND 

1757
01:04:32,923 --> 01:04:34,925
HAVE A GREAT DAY.