>> GOOD MORNING. THAT'S OUR . >> I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME EVG OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY EYE CO, I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME FRIENDSS RESEARCH, MEMBERS OF THE PUBLICR COUNCILMEMBERS. IN THE INTERESD SECURE INFORMATION AND SOME OF T THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE, THI, SO I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL THT POSSIBLE. I AM AT THIS POINT JO DR.SIEVING. (GAVEL). >> THERE YOU GO. THAT'S THE . >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: WELL, GY AGENDA AHEAD OF US, IN KEEPING E PARALLEL PROCESSING, I HAVE A F, STAFFING CHANGES AT THE INSTITUE THESE ARE PEOPLE IMPORTANT TO TE INSTITUTE AND HENCE FOR VISION A SENSE OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE E ADVISING. STAFF CHANGES. A NUY EXECUTIVE OFFICER, MELANIE REAG, WELCOME. SHE SHOULD BE IN THE E OFFICER AND THE DEPUTY ARE IN CT 500 PEOPLE WITH A BUDGET APPROAA GRADUATE OF YORK COLLEGE OF PENR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE COMMUND EDUCATION, I WON'T GIVE YOU THEY LETTERS. MARIA ZACHARIAS. MAR? >> YES. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: WONDERFY TOWARDS THE FRONT OF THE ROOM. S OFFICE, SHE COMES FROM THE NATIE WAS A SENIOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS SPEY INTRIGUING BACKGROUND, WORKING E SECTOR AND BRINGS A LOT OF EXPEN FACT, I THINK IF YOU TALK TO HET HER EMMY AWARD IN HER PAST. MAR COLLEGE. A NEW CHIEF INFORMATIL FAMILIAR WITH THE IMPORTANCE OFS MATTMONTANO. MATT? >> HE'S NOT HERE. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: NOT HERN COMPUTER SCIENCE FROM TEXAS -- D SPENT MANY YEARS IN THE ARMY, HN GERMANY, BUT FOR OUR PARTICULARE VETERANS HOSPITAL, THE VA HOSPID AS YOU WILL KNOW, THAT SITS RIGE SAYS THAT ABOUT 20% OF HIS TIMEE ACADEMIC PORTION OF ACTIVITIES O VA HOSPITAL, SO HE COMES WITH AC IT, WHICH BY THE WAY, BELINDA CN IMPORTANT CONTRACT WHICH WILL BD THE INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAME FRONT, SANDIGABARBADA, YES, WE L INTERACT WITH SANDIGA BECAUSE SE EXTRAMURAL BRANCH. SHE WILL BEE CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM. SHEM OFFICER IN THE DENTAL CRANIOFACA OF IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOA SENIOR SCIENTIST AT WYETH PHARM. FROM ARE-- FOLLOWED BY POST-DOCE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. IMT WYETH, HER RESEARCH WAS -- WITH. NEXT, AN IMPORTANT YOUNGER MEE INSTITUTE, ANNA MACOLOSU. >> MACUSO. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: ANNA ISA DIFFICULT SELECTION PROCESS ANDE INSTITUTE AND EVENTUALLY SETTLE. SHE HAS SOME INTERESTING PRIOG BEEN A SUMMER INTERN WITH PEGGYR BACKGROUND IS IN CELL AND DEVELM HARVARD, PARTICULARLY GENETICS,O COMING HERE, HER BACKGROUND INCR FOR HEALTH RESEARCH, BUT I THIN, WORKED WITH THE NATIONAL CANCERK A LEADERSHIP POSITION IN PRECISC THAT WILL COME UP SOON. SO ANNT NAME, BUT WELCOME VERY MUCH. AL CHANGES, WE HAVE A NEW CHIEF OF, COLLOQUIALLY CALLED A BUDGET OF, SHE'S A DISTANT COUSIN, I UNDER- (LAUGHTER). -- OF THE COLBAIR, SHE COMES Y DIRECTOR OF BUDGET AND FINANCE D HER OR ASSIGNED HER AS HER FIRSE WITH THE SAME BUDGET AS NCI. (LAUGHTER). WHICH WOULD PUT US AT ABOUT $Y DEMURRED SAYING THAT WAS YOUR JS A BA FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MAR. AND THEN LOOKING AT COUNCIL CT CHANGES, FOUR ARE LEAVING AND TT FAITH THAT THREE CAN REPLACE FON IRREPLACEABLE, LEAVING PAUL, KAS HERE, INTERESTING, THE FIRST TIL TREASURE THIS. BUT EVEN MORE IA BURWELL, WHO SAYS IN GRATEFUL AR OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY EYE COO TO DR.SANES, PIERCE AND KLEIN, E VALUABLE, AND WE HAVE YOUR PHON. THEN NEW TO THE GROUP, ACTUALT COUNCIL, STEVE BASSNET, JANE GUE ANNOUNCED LAST TIME, BUT THIS TN FULLY APPROVED, VETTED AND FOUN. STEVE IS PROFESSOR IN THE DEPAR, WORKING ON THE LENS. JANE, DIRR OF RESEARCH AT NEW ENGLAND OPTOA NUMBER OF THINGS INCLUDING A RED DOUG CHAIRS THE DEPARTMENT OF OS AT CASE IN CLEVELAND. I KEEP SE ILLUSTRIOUS. VERY GOOD. THANKD THREE NEW WHO ARE NEW TODAY, PL, WE'RE GOING TO WORK YOU HARD TOA FOR TODAY, IT'S ACTUAL A QUIET N A FEW OF THE ITEMS. SEBASTIAN E IS PROFESS STORE AT PRINCETON NE REASON WE ASKED HIM TO COME IS D SUCCESSFULLY FOR BRAIN MONEY ANT THEY'RE FOCUSING ON IS TO CHARAY CHARACTERIZE THE INNER RETINAL Y WARM THE HEARTS OF PEOPLE HERE S RELATED TO GLAUCOMA BECAUSE THEH MORE OR LESS UNDERSTOOD IN MACRO BE ELUSIVE ON MICROSCALE, AND TT THERE ARE A MULTIPLICITY OF CELE PROXIMAL RETINA ONLY WILL ADD TL SPEAK NOW IN GROSS TERMS AS A PN THE OUTER RETINA, WE HAVE MORE F THE OUTER RETINA. CERTAINLY THE OF THE BEST UNDERSTOOD PARTS OFE GOOD PROGRESS ON THE CENTRAL PRH THERE, BUT THAT MIDDLE ZONE OF E INNER RETINAL BIOLOGY HAS BEEN S SOMETHING THAT WILL IMPORTANTLY. SO WELCOME, SEBASTIAN, TO SPEAKE HERE. SPEAKING OF THE BRAIN INS BEEN REMARKABLY SUCCESSFUL IN GN INITIATIVE. THERE HAVE BEEN TWN CLASSIFYING CELLS AND UNDERSTAN. 40%. 40% OF THE BRAIN RESOURCEL SYSTEM COMPONENT OF THAT AND THO HAVE CURRENT AND PREVIOUS EYE S, WHICH IS DEVICES, 20% OF THAT ID ACTIVITIES. IN THE CONTEXT OF E DEEPLY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BRAT THOSE ARE REALLY QUITE REMARKABU WILL HEAR FROM TWO NAMES YOU MAY TABAK AND KATHY HUDSON. LARRY F NIH. HE PREVIOUSLY WAS THE DIRL RESEARCH DCR AND NOW FOR SIX VEY DIRECTOR OF NIH. HIS TOPIC IS , SOMETHING THAT YOU MAY ASK WHY E DRIVER ON THAT WAS OUT OF OUR CY CONGRESS, AND THE PLAN WILL BE E END OF THE YEAR, SO THE THINGS T WILL INCLUDE TRANS-NIH PRIORITYL PARAMETERS FOR HOW THIS WILL RUE THANK SANTADOMINION AND ANNA LIR PARTICIPATING IN THE NIH-WIDE SA MAJOR ACTIVITY ACROSS NIH FOR SY HUDSON, WHO IS AT THE NIH LEVELR SCIENCE, OUTREACH AND POLICY ANE COMMON RULE. ARE R AT THE SCENS THE BROAD AND SWEEPING TOPIC OFS AND RESEARCH, IT HAS INFORMED C, AND ALL OF YOU ARE WELL FAMILIAY RESEARCH THAT TOUCHES A HUMAN SA HUMAN, YOUR WORK FALLS UNDER THS TO BE COORDINATED, NIH HAS ITS E DONE, THEN THAT HAS TO BE COORDE DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF OTHER FEDT A GRUELING FIVE YEARS, I THINK,G TO FRUITION. THE COMMENT PERIO, BUT THIS TIME I THINK THERE WILN FOR THE COMMON RULE. ANOTHER BIG TOPIC AT NIH OR AS THE AUDACIOUS GOALS INITIATIVE R WILL BE BRINGING YOU UP TO DATEE REMIND YOU, IS IN YOUR HANDS. E OPPORTUNITIES FOR REGENERATING D CIRCUITRY TO SUPPORT VISION RESS EVENTUALLY, AND IT IS PRETTY WIT THAT'S MY PERCEPTION, LOOKING AE GOING ON. WE STARTED LAST YEARD SESSION OF 40 INDIVIDUALS WHO CE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE, IT THE BACK AT THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCO WEEKS, NEXT FRIDAY. I WILL LEAO DATE ON THAT. AND THEN THE LAST YET EVOLVED HERE AT THE EYE INSS THE ANNOUNCEMENT IN THE STATE OS THIS COUNTRY NEEDS TO BE INVOLVE PRECISION MEDICINE INITIATIVE. T YEAR, 70MILLION OF THAT WILL GOD 130MILLION WILL BE COMING TO NIE EFFORT FOR THE PAST NINE OR PRON UNDERSTANDING WHAT WOULD BE OF E INITIATIVE AT NIH, AND THE OUTCE PRECISION MEDICINE INITIATIVE CS MOVED ACROSS THE COUNTRY. THERE AT NIH, AND THERE HAVE BEEN SEVR INPUT FROM A NUMBER OF INDIVIDUE TO BUILD A COHORT AND TO ACQUIRA MILLION SUBJECTS AT SUFFICIENT O DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOWN DISEASE AND CONVERSELY HOW DISEW DISEASE BIOMARKERS, UNDERSTANDI, ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS, ET CETEE IMMEDIATELY, DEVELOPING A COHORH REAL MEDICAL INFORMATION PRECISH THE FULL GENOME GENE SEQUENCE IE NEITHER QUICK NOR CHEAP. THIS T I WOULD ASK YOU AS COUNCILMEMBEI WOULD ASK YOU TO CONSIDER THAT N FOR A DECADE OR MORE. IT'S REAN BY GENETIC INFORMATION, WHICH I, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOBIOLOGY AT O UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS OF DISEAS CERTAINLY TRUE IN THE VISUAL SYI WOULD SAY THAT THE RETINA IS AHR IN REALLY UNDERSTANDING WHAT THL DISEASE, BUT AT LEAST SOME PORTM MY PERSPECTIVE TWO THINGS. IT Y FOCUSED ON THAT BY CONGRESS, ANC FRAMEWORK OF THE NIH, WHICH IS D AND AMELIORATE AND TREAT DISEASO BE WORKING VIGOROUSLY AT THE LEE DON'T HAVE ANYTHING IN PLACE YES QUICKLY AND I WILL BE ASKING FO. FUNDING FOR NIH, THAT IS UP IE ON A CONTINUING RESOLUTION UNTI. FORTUNATELY WE AVERTED A GOVERNN 2013, TWO YEARS AGO, IT WAS UTTS IN THIS INSTITUTE, UTTERLY DISRE THAT ARE IN CAGES AT NIH. THERE THAT WERE LOST AND COULD NOT BET WAS REAL DISRUPTION. SO I APPLT GETTING TO THE POINT OF A CONTIE CONSEQUENCE OF A CONTINUING REST HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT TL BE, AND THEN IN THAT MIX IS SOMY CURES ACT, IT IS COMING OUT OF T WAS ANNOUNCED AS A $10BILLION AR FIVE YEARS, THAT WOULD BE ABOUTT TO BE MONEY THAT WOULD BE ABOVEE NIH BUDGETS WOULD BE, WHETHER TR IT BEGINS TO LOOK LIKE A SUBSTIH APPROPRIATIONS, ALL OF THAT REME FRAMEWORK OF THIS, AT LEAST ON E IS FAIRLY CLEAR, IT IS UNCLEAR E SENATE SINCE THEY HAVE THEIR OWE DISEASE AND HOW TO FUND OPPORTUY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES APG CALLED AN NIH INNOVATION FUND A, FUNDING THAT IS MANDATED BY THEY CONVOLUTED IN THE APPROPRIATORS, ONE MAKES RULES, THE OTHER FUNDN THIS CASE EVERYTHING IS WRAPPEDD PART ONE OF THE PROCESS, AND COE HOUSE BUDGETARY PROCESS. THIS H RISK, HIGH REWARD RESEARCH PROG, THERE'S A WHOLE LIST OF THE GOOE IS ONE STATEMENT HERE THAT THE E INSTITUTE SPECIFICALLY, WOULD NR RECEIVED FROM THE NIH INNOVATIOT THAT IS WE DO HAVE SOME NEW INI, SPECIFICALLY THE AUDACIOUS GOALE WAY TO PUT SOME ADDITIONAL MONEE AUDACIOUS GOALS INITIATIVE, MORE EYE COUNCIL HAS ALREADY CONCEPTD SECOND, IF THERE IS, WHEN THEREE INITIATIVE CENTERED AT THE NEI,T OR AT LEAST 50 CENTS ON THE DOLE THAT IT'S A BUSY TIME AT NEH ANY QUESTIONS AT THIS POINT THAT YO? >> THE 21ST CENTURY CURES ACTA APPROVAL PROCESS. SO HOW DOES S OF-- IT SOUNDS LIKE IT WILL BENT FDA. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: I'M REAT KNOW ENOUGH TO COMMENT ON HOW TL INTERACT WITH FDA, IT COULD STRS OF IT, YEAH, THE BET IS THAT IT, PERHAPS WEAKENING THE FDA COMPOG AT PLAY AT THIS, ET CETERA, BUTS GOING TO PLAY OUT. >> I HAVE A COMMENT MORE THANE THE IDEA THAT NEI IF ACTIVE COUN MEDICINE INITIATIVE, THIS WOULDE MADE TO PARTICIPATION IN THE LA, YOU KNOW, IF THE DATA IS GOING N PEOPLE WHOSE GENOMES ARE GOING E DATA INCLUDED OTHERWISE WE'LL BH EPIGENOME WHERE THEY'RE LEAVINGT INCLUDED IN THE DATASET. SO I G DEFINED ABOUT THE PRECISION MEDD TO HEAR THAT YOU'RE INTERESTED,L ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE. THANK YO. >> I THOUGHT EXACTLY THE SAMEE WE CAN JUMP START THE PROCESS FF PHENOTYPIC AND CLINICAL TESTS TL AND VISION ASPECT, MAYBE WE CANO ADOPT IT, INSTEAD OF WAITING FOS IS WHAT WOULD BE THE IDEAL SITUW THAT WHOLE, AND THAT COULD BE AO RIGHT, THIS COULD REALLY CHANGEN STUDY, THIS IS REAL. >> OH, I'LL WAIT TO BE CALLEDS THESE DAYS I THINK IN ADDITION,G AHEAD OF THE GAME AND ASKING FOA WE'RE LOOKING FOR, FUNCTIONAL, O RETINA, BUT THE ANTERIOR SEGMENE RESOURCES PROBABLY NEEDS TO BE Y INTEGRATION. THAT'S SOMETHING O AUTOMATE AND FACILITATE THE PRO. >> DOUG, SO THAT WILL CERTAIN. ARE YOU SUGGESTING SOMETHING BE? >> NO. >> WELL, MAYBE YOU ARE. (LAUGHTER). >> I'M NOT SURE I KNOW ENOUGHI LEVEL TO UNDERSTAND. I JUST KNG CARE OF PATIENTS, THAT INTEGRAT. >> AND JUST TO FOLLOW UP ON T, PERHAPS GETTING AHEAD OF THE GAK ABOUT WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC ISSN AT THE IT LEVEL, THEN MAYBE WE E GAME IN TERMS OF IDENTIFYING WHO BE ADDRESSED IN THE LARGER ISSUL FOR ADDRESSING THIS FOR OTHER. E ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATA, L OVER THE HOSPITAL, IT'S SPREAD T SYSTEMS, AND INTEGRATING THAT IS SOMETHING THAT THE PMI IS GOINGN ADDRESS THAT FROM THE OPHTHALMOA LITTLE AHEAD OF THE GAME ON THA. >> JONATHAN, ONE OF THOSE TRAO VANDERBILT? YES, NO? >> IN MY PREVIOUS LIFE, YES. >> AND VANDERBILT HAS BEEN AC. >> YES. >> DO YOU THINK THAT HAS BEEN? >> IN SOME WAYS IT'S BEEN EXT, THE ABILITY OF VANDERBILT TO CON VIRTUALLY EVERYBODY, A REALLY GY THAT COMES INTO THE CLINIC, THEE SYSTEM, THAT'S GREAT. THE EHR,A HOME-GROWN SYSTEM, THEY WERE ABD BRING IT INTO A RESEARCH ENVIROE CLINIC WAS NOT PART OF THE FIRSY HAVE INTEGRATED IT NOW. I HAVEO I DON'T KNOW IF THEY FINALLY INF THE LAST THINGS TO GO IN, AND IY FRUSTRATING FOR A NUMBER OF US,O IDENTIFY WHAT THOSE BARRIERS WEN SIMPLIFY THAT, WE COULD GET THER THAN LATER IN THE PROCESS, AND Y IMPORTANT. >> YES? >> ONE OF THE POTENTIAL BARRIT WE'VE SEEN IN THE CLINICAL REALH COMPANIES WANTING-- NOT WANTINGH SHARING DATA, BUT ONE THING THAT MANY OF THE COMPANIES WOULD PERE OPENED UP FROM AN IT STANDPOINTT WAS UNDER THE REALM OF RESEARCHS WEIGHT AND THE AUSPICES OF RESEE COMPANIES COOPERATING, AND IF TL AND LEARN TO DO THAT FOR RESEARL FOR PATIENT CARE. >> DO THESE 1MILLION INDIVIDU? STARTING AT WHAT AGE? >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: I THINKE BEING WORKED OUT. THERE WAS FI, THE TOPICS THAT HAVE COME UP HEF EMR, THE NEED FOR OTHER KINDS OT OF THAT, FOLLOWING COHORTS, THEP GENOTYPING AND THEN LOOK FOR INS KNOCK-OUT INDIVIDUALS OF GENES T IN FACT THEY'RE WALKING AND TALE OUT WHAT THE MEDICAL RAMIFICATIS STARTING ON THE MEDICAL PHENOTYD WORKING INTO THE GENOTYPE, ALL K THE MAIN TAKE-HOME AT THIS POIN, 130MILLION THIS YEAR WILL LAUNCY WILL INVOLVE A MILLION INDIVIDUE CERTAINLY NOT RESOLVED AT THIS . GOOD. WELL, I AM PLEASED THAE TABLE IN WHAT PMI, WHAT NIH IS T THE COUNCIL FINDS INTEREST AND H PARTICIPATE IN THAT, BUT I WOULO HAVE A CONCEPT THAT IS BOTH INTY BE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT IN SPECIFS ARE NOT KIDNEY AND LIVER, SO WES IN GETTING INFORMATION AND USIN. ARE THERE OTHER TOPICS YOU WAE FURTHER OPPORTUNITY. SO WITH T. >> ALL RIGHT. SO THE NEXT ITE APPROVAL OF THE JUNE MINUTES. D DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY COMMENTS OO MAKE TO THOSE? THANK YOU, ERICY INITIAL WORDS. BUT IF NOT, I WE ACCEPTED AS WRITTEN AND A SECONK YOU VERY MUCH. >> DONE. >> THE NEXT ITEM IS OUR BUDGER FROM MR.CHRIS NEE, WHO IS THE DE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BRANCH AT . >> MR. CHRIS NEE: ALL RIGHT.Y NAME IS CHRIS NEE, I'M THE DEPUM HERE TO GIVE YOU A BRIEF BUDGETE SUCCESSFULLY CLOSED OUT 2015 ANN 2015. AS DR.SIEVING MENTIONED,T SHUT DOWN BY PASSING STOPGAP SP, THIS FUNDS THE FEDERAL GOVERNME5 LEVELS WITH 0.2108% RESCISSION.N HISTORY CHART, AND SO AS YOU CAN 2013 DUE TO SEQUESTRATION, HOWED GETTING CLOSE TO WHERE WE WERE R FY2016 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET INCLUF THAT WAS FOR THE BRAIN INITIATIR THE PRECISION MEDICINE COHORT IR CONGRESS PASSED AN OMNIBUS FUNDE WAS AN AIDS TRANSFER OF-- AIDS G US WITH FINAL BUDGET AUTHORITY O THIS YEAR, UNDER THE CONTINUINGY FUNDED FOR $682.7MILLION, AND WS TRANSFER THIS YEAR, SO THAT WILD OUR MONEY LAST YEAR? AS YOU CAG WENT TO THE EXTERNAL RESEARCH, T WENT TO THE INTRAMURAL RESEARCH, AND 3.6% OF IT WENT TO MANAGEMEA COMPARISON OF OUR PRELIMINARY, 6 BUDGET REQUESTS. SO THE TAKE HE RECEIVE THE INCREASE WE'VE REQUS ALL OUR RESEARCH MECHANISMS PRET COMPARES THE NUMBER OF RESEARCHM 2012 THROUGH 2016. OVER ALL, TE FUNDED HAS BEEN PRETTY STABLE, G REQUIREMENTS LAST YEAR, WE ACTUY COMPETING GRANTS AS WE WANTED TE OUR BUDGET THAT WE'VE REQUESTEDD AN ADDITIONAL 38 COMPETING GRAN. SO HERE IS A PROJECTION OF OUE YEARS. AS YOU ALL PROBABLY KNOE CALCULATED BASED ON THE-- BY TAF COMPETING APPLICATIONS FUNDED, F COMPETING APPLICATIONS RECEIVEDS RATES BELOW-- ARE BELOW OUR HISA LITTLE BIT HIGHER THAN WE INITIS BELOW OUR AVERAGE, THERE'S TWO F SEQUESTRATION, THE OTHER IS THED THE LIMIT, THE NUMBER OF TIMES . SO HERE IS A CHART THAT ILLUSTRE BAR REPRESENTS THE GRANTS THAT R REPRESENTS THE UNFUNDED APPLICAE BAR REPRESENTS THE TOTAL NUMBER. THEN FINALLY THE PURPLE LINE ISU CAN SEE OUR SUCCESS RATES VARY F APPLICATIONS WE ACTUALLY RECEIV, EVERYONE. DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY? >> JUST A QUICK QUESTION. WHT MECHANISMS, THE SMALL BUSINESS Y DEVIATE A LOT FROM THOSE OVERAL1 SUCCESS RATE, IS IT AT THAT SAM? >> MR. CHRIS NEE: I WOULD HAD GET BACK TO YOU, BUT I THINK THE MECHANISMS. >> ARE THE GRANTS GETTING LARF THE REASON WHY THERE'S-- WHAT'S? >> I WILL RESCUE YOU, CHRIS. >> MR. CHRIS NEE: YES. >> OF COURSE THE GRANT REQUESU SEE, OUR BUDGET HAS BEEN BASICA, AND IN ORDER TO TRY TO KEEP UP D THE INCREASES ON GRANTS, ESPECI. IF THEY'RE JUSTIFIED BY THE WORE BUDGETS WILL INCREASE, BUT WE'RO KEEP THE SUCCESS RATE HIGH. >> MR. CHRIS NEE: THANK YOU. >> CHRIS, THANK YOU VERY MUCHU AND BRANDON FOR HOLDING THAT OFN THE ABSENCE OF A SENIOR BUDGET I UNDERSTAND YOU BALANCED THE LASO THE LAST DOLLAR, SO WE APPRECIA. >> I'M GOING TO ASK OUR ACTINO INTRODUCE OUR SPEAKER, SEBASTIA. >> BEFORE I DO THAT, I JUST WT CHRIS HAVING TO DEAL WITH THE BE DONE A SPECTACULAR JOB IN THE PT CIRCUMSTANCES AND WE REALLY DO . (APPLAUSE). >> SO IT'S MY GREAT PLEASURE R TODAY, SEBASTIAN SEUNG. SEBASTM HARVARD UNIVERSITY IN THEORETICA POST DOC AT HEBREW UNIVERSITY OD THE THEORETICAL PHYSICS GROUPS E MIT FACULTY. HE'S BEEN A SLOANE SCHOLAR AND HOWARD HUGHES INVESA PROFESSOR AT THE NEUROSCIENCE IT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, THE ANTHO. SEBASTIAN IS KNOWN FOR HIS WORK, FACTORIALIZATION, A TOPIC I HOPT TODAY. (LAUGHTER). BUT THIS HAS BEEN WIDELY USM BIOINFORMATICS TO THE UNDERSTAN. IN RECENT YEARS, HE'S BEEN WOG MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND COMPUTEO UNDERSTAND FUNCTION OF NEURAL CS AN AUTHOR OF A BOOK PUBLISHED IE CONNECTOME, HOW BRAIN WIRING MAT SEBASTIAN IS AN OUT OF THE BOX N UNDERSTATEMENT. AND AN EXAMPLEH CITIZENS SCIENCE PROJECT CALLEDD COMPUTATIONAL GAME TO SOLVE THEE RETINA IN JUST A FRACTION OF THH STANDARD APPROACH OF GRADUATE ST THE BENCH. HE IS HERE TO TALK E BRAIN INITIATIVE AWARD THAT HE E HAS PUT TOGETHER WHAT I WOULD CE PROBLEM OF THE CIRCUITRY OF THEE MOLECULAR LEVEL ALL THE WAY TO O DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THEY JUST DROVE TOM INSILL CURRENTLYO SAY THAT HE FULLY BELIEVED THE T OF THE BRAIN TO BE COMPLETELY US VERY EARLY IN THIS PROCESS, BUTD COME AND TELL US WHAT PROGRESS S THEY'RE TAKING SO WE CAN SEE WHE FUTURE. THE TITLE OF THIS TALKO UNDERSTANDING. THANK YOU, SEBA. >> DR. SEBASTIAN SEUNG: THANN AND FOR A VERY KIND INTRODUCTIOD DR.KLEIN AND OTHER COUNCILMEMBET RETINAL CIRCUITS FROM MAPPING TO START BY QUOTING FROM THIS REPOE GOSPEL. HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE AI HIGHLY RECOMMEND IT BECAUSE IT'N CONSIDERING THAT IT COMES FROM N FORGETTING ITS ORIGINS, IT'S A F SEVEN GOALS AT THE BEGINNING OFE BRAIN INITIATIVE, NUMBER ONE, OY HAPPY S TO IDENTIFY AWFUL THE C, TO GENERATE CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS, GG OF NEURAL ACTIVITY, WHICH ROB WE GOALS GO ON. ONE OF THE REASONY THE RETINA, IS THAT THESE GOALSA IS AN APPROACHABLE PART OF THE T COLLEAGUES, I WAS A FEMINIST BET YOU STUDY A SIMPLER SYSTEM LIKE, WELL, THIS IS MY INNER WORM. IL STRUCTURE, IT'S GENETICALLY, YOC CONTROL, SOME OF THE INCREDIBLEA DISNEYLAND FOR NEUROSCIENCE, ANE THREE TYPES OF TECHNICAL GOALS,N ALL THESE THREE FRONTS TODAY. NOW, IF YOU READ THROUGH THISR 7, THE LAST ONE, THE ULTIMATE G, BUT THE IMPORTANT WORD IS UNDERE ABOUT THE FIRST SIX GOALS OF THY ANYTHING ABOUT UNDERSTANDING ANT DESCRIBING OR MAYBE SYSTEMATIC L MAPPING. BUT REALLY JUST THE GE INFORMATION. AND THE PROMISELAC UNDERSTANDING. THIS IS, OF COUR IT'S BASIC SCIENCE OR CLINICAL N DESCRIBE IT, BUT SO OFTEN IT'S D LIKE TO ARGUE THAT THE RETINA AR ACHIEVING UNDERSTANDING. IF WET CAN WE LEARN, WHAT CAN WE EXPLAA FUNCTIONS? SO I THINK THE RETIF TEST BED FOR THE TYPES OF TECHNS THAT WILL BE IMPORTANT IN THE YE GENERALLY. SO THE RETINA, SOMEK IT'S SORT OF A BACK WATER, BUT A LEADING EDGE, IT'S THE AVANTEGAC NEUROSCIENCE. SO THOSE OF YOU , I'LL JUST SHOW A LITTLE PICTUREA PERPENDICULAR SECTION THROUGH TU CAN SEE THE LAYERS OF CELL BODIE LAYERS OF NEURO FILL WHERE THE E INTERTWINED AND LIGHT MICROSCOPT FOR THE ENTANGLED NEURONS. CAHE HIM, PEOPLE GLIMPSED NEURONS INS LIKE THE GOLGI STAIN WHICH LEFTT THE REST OF THEM INVISIBLE. ANE WAS A DIVERSITY OF NEURONS THATD CELL BODIES BELY THE INCREDIBLEU LOOKED AT INDIVIDUAL NEURONS, YY DIFFERENT SHAPES, AND THIS IS T- THE FIRST HINT OF WHAT I LIKE TR MANY YEARS, NEUROSCIENTISTS PREL DIVERSITY, IGNORE THIS COMPLEXIN FROM AN OLD REVIEW PAPER BY DICD POWERFULLY BUT WAS IGNORED FOR L DIVERSITY WAS VERY IMPORTANT FOA WORKS. SO YOU'LL SEE HERE, THEO RECEPTORS, HORIZONTAL, BIPOLAR,D IF YOU READ CURRENT TEXTBOOKS, Y NEUROSCIENCE AND WHAT WE TEACH S FIVE CLASSES OF NEURONS IN THE S OVERSIMPLIFICATION. WHAT'S IN N FACT, IT'S TRUE THAT THERE'S NOO RECEPTORS, BUT ONCE WE GET DOWND AMACRINE CELLS, THERE ARE MANY A CARTOON, RIGHT? SO MEDICINE CEY DIFFERENT CELL TYPES INSIDE THET THEY WERE, HOW MANY THERE WERE . IN FACT, THE FIRST GOAL OF THE L THE CELL TYPES, MAMMALIAN CNS, S POSSIBLE WE CAN DO IT, IT'S WITS SURPRISINGLY DIFFICULT TO DO FOF TISSUE, THE RETINA. NOW, DR.SIY DR.SANES AND OTHERS BY USING ITY THESE AND CONTROL THESE POPULATO HIGHLIGHT TWO OTHER APPROACHES S PROJECT, AND ONE OF THEM IS SIMS OLD-FASHIONED ANATOMY. JUST ASE UNDERGONE A REVOLUTION, ANATOMYN AND IT'S DRIVEN BY HIGH RESOLUTO I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU NOW A MOVS THROUGH A 3D IMAGE STACK ACQUIRN ARE MICROSCOPY, SO THIS IS A PAY WINIFRED DENK, A COLLABORATOR ON REFIND AND IMPROVED BY KEVIN BRH RESEARCHER. HERE YOU CAN SEE TE AND INSIDE THE INNER PLEXIFORM E RETINA, THAT'S THE COMPLEXITY, , BECAUSE EM HAS HIGHER RESOLUTIOF THESE NEURONS ENTANGLED WITH EA, INSTEAD OF BEING CAHALL AND SEES INSIDE A RETINA, WE HAVE THE PON INSIDE A PIECE OF RETINA. THE T REALLY SEE IT, WE CAN SEE BITS . IN ORDER TO REALLY SEE NEURONS,F COMPUTATIONAL RECOMPUTATIONAL RE CELL BODIES AND FOLLOW ITS BRANM LAYER AND TRY TO RECONSTRUCT ITN EITHER BY A MACHINE OR BY A HUMS IN. HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE HEARDE ACTUALLY PLAYED EYEWIRE? ALL RR JOINING. SO I'M NOT GOING TO SW IT WORKS, BECAUSE ANYBODY CAN G, BUT UNDER THE HOOD IT HAS ARTIFG WHICH DOES SOME OF THE TRACING E COMPUTER IS NOT SMART ENOUGH TOS HUMAN EFFORT, SO WE HAVE A BANDE WORLD WHO HELP US SOLVE THIS IMN ORDER TO VISUALIZE THE NEURON IM WINIFRED DENK AND KEVIN BRIGGMAT LUCKY BECAUSE IN 2014 THE CEO OT EYEWIRE FROM HIS DAUGHTER AND H, THAT KT COULD HELP, SO IN AUGUSA MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ANNR PARTNERSHIP IN A CAMPAIGN CALLES A COUNTDOWN OF 348 CELLS WE HADS THAT KT WOULD MOBILIZE THE KORET THIS TO WORK. (MUSIC). (SPEAKING LANGUAGE OTHER THAN) >> NATIONWIDE TELEVISION ADVE. (LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH ) SO THE CEO OF KT IS A PH.D., E OF THE MOST WIRED COMPANIES IN , GIGABIT ETHERNET TO THE HOME, AL ALL LIVE IN WHEN WE ALL HAVE GID STARTS OUT TALKING ABOUT THE MYE WE GOING TO DO WITH GIGATOPIA, T ALL WORKS. THIS AD RAN, IMAGINE UNITED STATES TO PARTICIPATE INS THE EQUIVALENT IN KOREA. SO WIE INTERNATIONALIZED, WE HAD A KOR, KOREAN VERSION OF THE BLOG, TRA, AND SO IT BECAME MULTILINGUAL, R RECONSTRUCTION RATE AND SO IN JE COUNTDOWN. I WILL JUST ILLUSTRS RECONSTRUCTED AROUND THE WORLD. (MUSIC). SO WHAT'S THE VIRTUE OF THIS?D ALL THE CELL TYPES, WE NEED TO A CERTAIN SUCCESS YOU DON'T WANT N UNBIASED SAMPLE. SO WE WERE AB0 MICRON PATCH OF THE GANGLION CEY AND RECONSTRUCT ITS ENTIRE ARBON PATCH, SO NO CELL BODY LEFT UNTT PEOPLE HAVE USED IN ORDER TO LAU KNOW, BIASED AND SO FORTH, THISA COMPLETE AND UNBIASED SAMPLE. E WOULD LIKE, BUT CERTAINLY IT'S S AREA. NOW, WHAT DID WE DO TO CL NOTED THAT IF YOU LOOK AT DIFFEE THAT THEIR DENDRITIC ARBORS AREE PLEXIFORM LAYER, THIS IS THE LIA IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE SCREEN,E RED ONE HAS ITS DENDRITIC ARBORS ITS DENDRITIC ARBOR DOWN HERE, Y CLASSIFIED ONE OF THE MAIN FEATY GANGLION CELL TYPES. I SHOULD E RETINA, I DIDN'T MAKE THAT CLEA, THERE'S NO REASON WHY WE CAN'T , BUT THE MOUSE RETINA IS GREAT BC RESEARCH THAT MAKES USE OF TRANE GANGLION CELL TYPES CAN BE MARKE TECHNIQUES, THOUGH, OF COURSE AD TO-- ARE GENERAL, THEY COULD BES DISTANCE RIGHT HERE IN A MOUSE Y EYE WHERE THESE DENDRITIC ARBORN AN EXPERIENCED NEUROANATOMIST. N TAKE EACH OF THESE NEURONS AND W MUCH STUFF THE ARBOR HAS AT EACD NEURON HERE GIVES RISE TO THIS W NEURON TO THIS YELLOW DISTRIBUTS DISTRIBUTION DOWN HERE. NOW, TN OF THE DEPTH AND YOU DON'T HAVEH HERE IS THE DEPTH, WE ACTUALLY S OBVIOUSLY DIFFER, THESE CURVES T THESE TWO CURVES RIGHT HERE ARER DISTRIBUTION. SO THEY CAN BE U. NOW, WE CAN GET EVEN BETTER BL TECHNIQUES. THE RETINA IS A PIY GET DISTORTED DURING HANDLING. , MAKE IT PERFECT CARTESIAN COORDA PARTICULAR CELL TYPE CALLED THES ABOUT 75 STARBURST CELLS-- ON ST CELLS, WE USE THEM AS LANDMARKSE RETINA, THOSE CURVES YOU SAW THS BECOME MORE PRECISE CONCENTRATER MEASUREMENTS OF DEPTH BECOME EV. WHAT WE CAN DISCOVER THEN IF E DISTRIBUTION, WHICH I CALL THE N DISCOVER AND REPRODUCE KNOWN TYE OFF ALPHA TYPES, TRANSIENT OFF S A GOOD CORROBORATION THAT WE'RET WE CLUSTERED THESE CELLS, WE RES OF THEIR PROPERTIES THAT ARE CH, BUT WE DO THAT, WE SPONTANEOUSLH TILE THE RETINA, AND THIS IS THG CHARACTERISTIC OF A CELL TYPE IL TYPE X, THERE SHOULD BE AN X CET COVER THE ENTIRE RETINA NOT AS , BUT STILL AS WELL AS YOU MIGHT . THAT MAKES SENSE BECAUSE FOR VID OF VISUAL PROCESSING EVERYWHERE. I WANT TO SHOW YOU THE INCREDE STRATIFICATION. HERE ARE THE T, TRANSIENT OFF AND SUSTAINED OFFE TWO SUSTAINED OFF CELLS, LOOK A. THEY'RE ALMOST EXACTLY THE SAMEA CELLS. THEIR PROFILES ARE ALSOS IS I LIKE TO SAY THIS IS THE TES TECHNIQUE, BUT ACTUALLY IT MAY E RETINA IS, RIGHT? I MEAN, LOOKL DEVELOPMENT ARE ABLE TO CONTROLE LOCATION OF THESE DENDRITIC ARBF THIS INNER PLEXIFORM THICKNESS,O IT'S SOMETHING THAT DEVELOPMENTO HAVE TO EXPLAIN, THEY WOULD LOVS KIND OF PRECISION IN THE CONSTRE COME UP WITH A PROVISIONAL CLASL VERY-- THE RECONSTRUCTIONS WEREG TAKE PROBABLY SIX MONTHS TO A YE RESULTS, SO IT'S ALL IN PROGRESN SYSTEM THAT WE'RE DEVELOPING FOE ESTIMATING SOMETHING LIKE, YOU N THE RETINA, MAYBE 50 IF YOU INCS FOR DIRECTIONS LIKE NEURONS. SF CELL TYPES THAN PEOPLE HAVE TALW CAN WE BELIEVE THAT THIS IS CORS CROSS-VALIDATION, RIGHT? SO WIS OF LOOKING AT THE SAME QUESTIONH PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR TECHNIE ANSWER, AND WE CAN REPRODUCE ALS THAT ARE KNOWN SO FAR, AND AS IO TILE WELL. OKAY. NOW, I WANT O GANGLION CELL CLASSIFICATION, WD THIS IS LED BY ANOTHER MEMBER OS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TUBINGEN, I PROJECT IS AN INTERNATIONAL PRON INVESTIGATOR BECAUSE HE DOES THT IN THE WORLD, SO WE RECRUITED HE A RETINA WHICH HAS BEEN LOADED R AND SO WHAT THOMAS DOES IS HE TY LISTENING TO THE RESPONSES OF EL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY WE'RE ABLE T JUST A FEW NEURONS, THOMAS CAN N IMAGING, THOMAS CAN LISTEN TO TY NEURON, NOT JUST A FEW NEURONS . YOU CAN SEE THE NEURONS BLINKINE VISUAL STIMULUS. SO AGAIN, NO L THE SIGNALS FROM ALL THE NEURONL LAYER. NOW, I HAVEN'T TOLD YOUY IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHAT THET THOMAS WOULD LIKE TO HEAR THE TE STRATEGY IS LET'S SHOW ALL THE S VISUAL STIMULI, AND THEY'LL MAKN THOSE DIFFERENT RESPONSES WE SH. THAT'S THE STRATEGY. I WILL SHS SURPRISINGLY SIMPLE. SO ONE OFT MUCH VISION AS WE KNOW IT, JUSTT ON, YOU TURN IT OFF, AND THE FRN AND OFF SLOWLY AND THEN FASTER N AMPLITUDE MODULATION, IT OSCILLA LITTLE BIT OF CONTRAST IN THE BF CONTRAST AT THE END. SO THAT'SS IS THE FREQUENCY MODULATION, SOG FAST, AND THEN THE AMPLITUDE MOH CONTRAST. IMAGINE THAT SPOT BES ESSENTIALLY THE WHOLE WORLD IS . AND THEN THE OTHER STIMULUS TA BAR MOVING IN EIGHT DIRECTIONS.E DICHROMAT, SO IT'S JUST GREEN, F BORING MOVIES, YOU WOULDN'T EVE. (LAUGHTER). THEN FINALLY WHITE NOISE. G TIME USED WHITE NOISE STIMULI TE PROPERTIES OF NEURONS. IT WORKY LINEAR, SO JUST A SEQUENCE OF TO USING THESE FOUR-- I SHOWED YOUT THE RESPONSE TO THE FIRST STIMU, BUT THEY HAVE VIDEOS, OF COURSEM GOING TO SHOW YOU THAT VIDEO AGE FALSE COLORED SO THAT NEURONS WE SAME COLOR, AND YOU CAN SEE THAL TURN ON AND OFF TOGETHER. SO TE ANALYSIS. GETTING CLOSER TO AR, WHICH IS STILL IN REVIEW, THOMAE TO DIVIDE, THEY RECORDED SOMETHN CELLS, THEY IMAGED OVER 10,000 E THAT THEY DIVIDED THEM INTO 32 U CAN SEE THE AVERAGE RESPONSE TOT BASED ON LISTENING TO NEURONS, O DISTINGUISH BETWEEN AT LEAST-- A CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE-- 32 GANG. NOW, AGAIN, YOU MAY ASK, HOW E THIS? HOW CAN WE TRUST THIS? E GOT 32 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLSY BELIEVE THEM? ONE SOURCE OF CRE TILING PRINCIPLE. SO IF THEY LE RECEPTIVE FIELDS, PART OF VISUAF YOU LOOK AT THE RECEPTIVE FIELDD BY THEIR CLUSTERING, THOSE TILER THAT'S ONLY TWO, SO THE TILES OY THE COVERAGE FACTOR IS JUST TWOE TILING PRINCIPLE EVEN THOUGH YO. ALSO IT HAS BEEN ABLE TO REPRODH CERTAIN TRANSGENIC MOUSE LINES,D ALSO WITH INTRACELLULAR FILLS ME TO SEE WHETHER TWO CELLS WHICH E SAME. SO AGAIN, WHAT THEY'RE AH WHAT'S KNOWN AND SO THE NEW STU. NOW, ONE OF THE HANDICAPS OF E ANATOMY AND THOMAS DID THE PHYSH DIFFERENT RETINAS. SOMETIME ITH OF OUR CELL TYPES CORE POND TO O WHICH OF THEIRS, BUT OUR BRAIN E TWO HELP FINANCE THE ACQUISITIOE ACTIVITY AND CONNECTIVITY FROM O EXACTLY THE SAME CELLS THAT THOL DO THE RECONSTRUCTIONS. SO LETT HAPPENS IN 2016. OKAY. SO WHAT IS THE SUMMARYS SITUATION? I WOULD SAY THAT WE. WE'RE NOT QUITE THERE YET, BUT E POINTING TO SIMILAR NUMBERS OF R CELL TYPES, AND IN PROGRESS, YO0 GANGLION CELL TYPES, WE WOULD LF EACH ONE OF THEM. THAT WOULD EO BE DONE FOR UNDERSTANDING, AND , JOSH SANES, TO RETINA, WHICH I E WORKING ON THIS PROBLEM, SO LETS WE'LL NOT ONLY KNOW ALL THE CELC CONTROL OF THEM. IT'S A FINITEW LET ME GET BACK TO THE QUESTIONE TALKED ABOUT GENERATION OF MORE. BUT WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO UNDERSA PERFORMANCE VISUAL COMPUTATIONSE VISUAL COMPUTATIONS? THIS IS AS FIGURE OUT THE CELL TYPES, LET'E WANT TO UNDERSTAND THEM. THE ME NOW THAT WE HAVE THESE GANGLIONE QUESTION OF UNDERSTANDING OF EAD WHY. SO WE WOULD LIKE TO CHARAT GANGLION CELL TYPE. WHAT IS THE WOULD LIKE TO CHARACTERIZE HOW F THE INNER RETINA BECAUSE THAT CE COMPUTATION BY ITSELF. IT'S JUL CIRCUIT. THEN WE WOULD LIKE TOY DOES THE RETINA PERFORM THAT COS THAT INFORMATION USED BY THE BRE QUESTION OF THE FUNCTION OF THEN ANSWER WHAT, HOW AND WHY FOR EVI WOULD SAY THAT WE UNDERSTOOD THI DON'T KNOW IF THAT SOUNDS EASY S EASIER JUST BECAUSE WE CAN STAT, THERE'S NOT MANY EXAMPLES OF SU, AND THE ONLY ONE REALLY IN THE S DIRECTION SELECTIVITY. SO YOU S FIRST SHOWN BY ELECTROPHYSIOLOG, GANGLION CELLS IN THE RETINA ACE DIRECTION, LOT OF SPIKES, BUT IS NOT ACTIVATED ALMOST AT ALL. AT YET EXPLAINED HOW THIS HAPPENS.S CHARACTERIZED IN 1964, IMPROVEDS NOT QUITE ANSWERED YET. AND WHD BECAUSE YOU CAN GENETICALLY ABLD SEE WHAT THE EFFECT IS IT ON THF THE DIRECTION SELECTIVITY IN THR THE OPTIC KINETIC REFLEX BUT THT TO ANSWER, BUT I AM HAPPY TO SAN YEARS THERE HAS BEEN PROGRESS ON TALK ABOUT IT HERE-- I'M NOT GOT I'M SHARING A SYMPOSIUM THIS YET PROGRESS ON-- I CAN'T SAY ANSWEY QUESTION, BUT WE HAVE THE MINIMR IT NOW, AND A LOT OF IDEA AS TOT WE DON'T KNOW THE RELATIVE IMPO. SO IT'S CLOSE TO SOLUTION, AND E IT'S GOING TO BE SOLVED. ALL RE MAKING, BUT I WOULD EMPHASIZE TA GREAT ILLUSTRATION OF THE HUGE S FROM NEUROSCIENCE AND WHAT NEUR. RIGHT? SO THE PUBLIC WANTS CUR, YET WE STRUGGLE, WE'RE STRUGGLIO RESPONSE STIMULI MOVING THIS WAT THE BRAIN INITIATIVE IS DESIGNEO DEPLOY ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES THN SIMPLE QUESTIONS LIKE THIS. SO THE INVESTIGATORS THAT ARET DIDN'T WANT TO TAKE DS BECAUSE E SOLVED, SO WE DECIDE TO DO TAKEA DEMONSTRATION. CAN WE FIGURE OA GANGLION CELLS IN A SHORT AMOUN0 YEARS FOR DS GANGLION CELLS? SY MARKUS MEISTER, WITH HELP ON MO, HE'S DOING ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, HS WITH A MICROELECTRODE, THAT GIVN THAN THE TWO PHOTON IMAGING I JN PARTICULAR GANGLION CELLS AND GN MEASURE OF THEIR RESPONSES TO CE ABOUT THE VISUAL WORLD. HE IS A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE CIRCE TESTING PREDICTIONS OF THAT MODY OF THE ALPHA GANGLION CELLS. FN IS GOING TO CREATE TRANSGENIC MT SPECIFICALLY EACH OF THE FOUR TS OPPOSED TO THE LINE THAT SANES , AND THEN MARKUS IS GOING TO GENA CELL TYPES AND SEE WHAT THE EFFM JUST SHOWING A PICTURE OF ANDY D HE'S WORKING ON THE TRANSGENIC E SAYS BUT WE DON'T HAVE A NICE PT THIS BEAUTIFUL VIDEO SHOWING HEE SYNAPTIC LABEL ARE, THE DENDRITD BIPOLAR CELL, SO SHE CAN LOOK A, MEETING LIGHT MICROSCOPY, AND MN EXPANDING THE REPERTOIRE OF VISE STUDYING THE MOUSE VISUAL SYSTEN SCIENTISTS MAKE FUN OF THAT BECT THE THREE BLIND MICE. BUT MICE, WE DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT WHAT TT HAVE MANY NICE LABORATORY PARADE VISUALLY GUIDED BEHAVIOR. SO MA NEUROLOGIST AND TRANSLATED TO TS THINK OF A STIMULUS A MOUSE MIGK SWOOPING DOWN ONTO THE MOUSE, AN WHICH IS JUST A BLACK DISC EXPAS SEE IF WE CAN EVOKE BEHAVIOR. T KNOW IF YOU CAN SEE IT, BUT THE. THIS IS INDICATING WHAT YOU CANO WHEN THE BLACK DISC AT THE TOP . THAT'S NOT THE ONLY THING IT DOT LOOKS LIKE THE VIDEO BROKEN, BUE IS REALLY GOOD AT FREEZING. THT MAKES SENSORY THIS IS A ROBUST O MARKUS AND ANDY ARE BUILDING UPS WHICH WE CAN USE TO INVESTIGATEL TYPES. AND WE HOPE THAT IT CANA CELLS ARE JUST WHAT WE CAN ACCOD HAVE TO COME TOGETHER TO FIGUREN CELL TYPES, RIGHT? HOPEFULLY TE SHARED AND USED BY OTHER LABS. ALL RIGHT. SO THAT BRINGS ME, WHICH I KNOW HAS BEEN A MAJOR I. HOW DO WE GET THE GREAT KNOWLEDO THE COMMUNITY BEYOND JUST OUR RO SHOW YOU ONE FUN THING. SO WE'E IS OUR LIST OF, PROVISIONAL LISK ON ANY ONE OF THEM. YOU CAN SEF TWO INDIVIDUALS HERE. HERE ARED TOGETHER. THEY LOOK VERY SIMILE N1 MELANOCELLS, PHOTOSENSITIVE F INTEREST FOR ARE CIRCUMSTANCES O THE GANGLION CELL TYPES YOU CANS AGAIN WITH GANGLION CELL TYPES,E HERE AND LOOK AT THESE CURVES AY IT. IT'S NOT THAT HIGH-TECH, RN PATTERN RECOGNIZER HERE BUT IT'G THIS INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO T. WE'RE ABOUT TO LAUNCH A WIKI E A KIND OF WIKI ON RETINAL CIRCUA NEURONAL CELL TYPE AND HOPEFULLI ANNOUNCED THIS AT THE EUROPEAN F COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE REALLY EXL VOLUNTEERED TO CONTRIBUTED CONTM TWISTING I HAVE TO DO. I THINKT CHALLENGING BUT POTENTIALLY WOUS TO CROWD SOURCE THE CONTRIBUTIO. YOU CAN IMAGINE, FOR EXAMPLE, PL NEURONS IN THEIR OWN EXPERIMENTE REFERENCE SET OF CELL TYPES IN E POSSIBLE. IF WE WERE ABLE TO DH THIS KIND OF CROWD SOURCE DATABS ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA,L DATASET OF STRUCTURAL AND OF ANL TYPES, BUT HAS ITS ADDITIONAL C. OKAY. SO I WOULD LIKE TO CONN BRIGGMAN AND RICHARD DENK FOR P1 AND I WANT TO ALSO THANK OUR EY, AND IF YOU WANT SWAG, YOU CAN A. I WOULD HAVE BROUGHT YOU SOME SO VIOLATE ANY GOVERNMENT RULES. (LAUGHTER). SO WITH THAT, I WILL CONCLUDE. (APPLAUSE). >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: THANK YK EVERYONE CAN SEE HOW THE THEOREW IT'S BEEN A GREAT GAIN FOR THE . >> NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FASCINAS FOR NONRETINAL PEOPLE. AT THE T GO TO CHARACTERIZE-- IT LIVES O. (LAUGHTER). IT HAS ITS OWN LIFE. >> ACTUALLY IT'S ALSO USED BYG MYSELF. FOR ALL KINDS OF INTERY CALCIUM SIGNALS IN DATA. SO THE COMPUTATIONAL MODEL? YOU'RE STT PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER, IS THIT TO ASSEMBLE THE CIRCUIT OR MODE? >> DR. SEBASTIAN SEUNG: IT'SN SELECTIVITY. SO OUR AND OTHER E WIRING OF A DS CIRCUIT ARE BEINI SHOULD SAY THAT THE RETINAL CONM COMPLETE, SO MY FOCUS IS TO COME AND I THINK THAT ALL THE MODELET THAT-- I'M NOT SURE THAT A CENTL MODEL IS WHAT'S NEEDED, AS OPPOO PEOPLE LOVE TO TALK ABOUT LARGET EXAMPLE BEING THE HUMAN BRAIN PE HUMAN BRAIN, BUT THE REAL PROBLS METASIMULATION OR METAMODELING,T DO WE HAVE TO INCLUDE IN THE MOE HAD TO INCLUDE IN THE MODEL TO D SCALE IT UP. BUT WE STILL DON'F DIRECTION SELECTIVITY IS A GREAW MUCH DENDRITIC BIOPHYSICS HAS T? RIGHT? IT'S PASSIVE ENOUGH, DO? IT'S JUST-- IN THE CASE OF THE F THE STUMBLING BLOCKS WAS THAT IY DENDRITE IS INDEPENDENT, SO THEL COMPUTATION NEEDED, AS MANY THEE THE COMPUTATIONAL COULD BE SUBPE STARBURST AMACRINE CELL IS A CAA METAMODELING QUESTION, HOW MANYO DESCRIBE A NEURON? AND I THINKE RESOLVED ON A PIECE BY PIECE CAY INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATORS. THATI THINK WE'LL NEED THAT PHASE FIRE COULD IMAGINE THE MEGA, BIG RETE BEEN RESOLVED. >> IT'S REALLY FUN TO HEAR BEE IN MY DIFFERENT PART OF THE WORE SERIAL TECHNIQUE IS INCREDIBLY Y PAINSTAKING TO RECONSTRUCT GIVEE PROJECT. ANY THOUGHTS ABOUT MOT TECHNOLOGY LIKE FLUORESCENT LABU COULD STILL HAVE HIGH RESOLUTIOT BUILDING? >> DR. SEBASTIAN SEUNG: WELLM ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IS NOT A TE, ALTHOUGH IN EYEWIRE IN SOME RESO THERE ARE EFFORTS UNDERWAY TO IO RECONSTRUCT CIRCUITS. NIH HAS D OF THING, BUT THERE ARE OTHER FT ARE PUTTING SOME MAJOR MONEY INE TECHNOLOGY IS GOING TO PROGRESSD SAY WOULD BE WHAT ABOUT ALTERNAS THE FOLLOWING. I THINK ALTERNAS SIMPLY A TECHNOLOGY RACE, WHO GE WIRING DIAGRAM THAT WE WERE ABLD HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED BY SOME OTN DISCOVERED BY SOME GENETIC CELL, SUPER RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY, BUS NOTHING ABOUT INTRINSIC SUPERIOE TECHNOLOGY YOU JUST CAN'T PREDIT AND THE ONLY WAY TO FIND OUT ISY THAT EM HAS THE LONG-TERM SELLIE ENTIRE CONNECTIVITY, NO NEURON S SCALE UP, IT HAS AN EVENTUAL PAE JUDGED THAT WAY. IT'S ALWAYS G. HOW IS IT DOING WITH THE OTHER S BARELY EARNING ITS KEEP, BUT IT, THAT'S ALL I CAN SAY. YEAH. >> I HAD TWO QUESTIONS. ONE E HOW THE KOREAN PUBLIC WAS ENGAGE REALLY ABLE TO SORT OF SPEED UPU COMMUNICATE SUCCESS OR RESULTS N REALLY KIND OF SEE PROGRESS? BY TO, YOU KNOW, IN GENERAL HOW WEG SCIENCE BACK AND SOME OF THESE E EXAMINED TECHNICAL. THE SECONDN LEFT UNTOUCHED. BUT ARE YOU LOT ARE INTERACTING WITH THESE, LIKT GANGLION CELL LAYER, OTHER CELLY PARTICIPATING IN SOME OF THIS CG INCLUDED IN THE RECONSTRUCTION,E AT THIS POINT? >> DR. SEBASTIAN SEUNG: SO TE ACTUALLY COMMUNICATE BACK TO TH, THAT'S A CHALLENGE. DO WE DO IY OBVIOUSLY COMMUNICATING ONLINE,E VIDEOS THAT YOU'VE SEEN, SO THEE TRY TO MAKE MEDIA EVENT, WE DO R ELEMENT REQUIRED, BUT THERE'S CE IN THIS ARENA. SO IF YOU THINKE OUTREACH, THEY TEND TO BE MORE I THINK THERE'S TREMENDOUS POTENTN SCIENCE TO SOLVE THE PUBLIC IN E A PRIMARY MEANS OF SCIENCE OUTRE NIH AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS TO D QUESTION IS, ARE WE BEING UNFAIE FOLLOWING. SO YOU COULD DEFINI, MULLER, GLIA ARE HUGE, THEY AREE CAN'T RECONSTRUCT THEM. WE CANT WITH THE RESOLUTION THAT WE HAVT KNOW WHICH CELL THEY CORRESPONDN ANNOYANCE. (LAUGHTER). BUT IF YOU COULD THINK OF A ST WOULD BE VERY, VERY INTERESTINGT MICROGLIA AND INVESTIGATE SOME E ELIMINATION OR SOMETHING LIKE T. >> RIGHT, THE CONTEXT OR SOME. THANK YOU. >> I HAVE A QUESTION. I KNOWT DO YOU DO ABOUT QUALITY CONTROLS INFORMATION FROM MANY DIFFERENTE GIVING YOU GOOD INFORMATION? >> DR. SEBASTIAN SEUNG: RIGHF CROWD WISDOM AND SO THE MOST PRY CUBE IN EYEWIRE, EVERY PIECE OFY MULTIPLE PEOPLE AND THERE'S A VM BECAUSE SOMETIMES AS WE KNOW, DE MECHANISMS, A MEANS OF ALLOWINGE CROWD. SO TOP EYEWIRERS GET PR, SO IF YOU HAVE SUPER-POWERS, YO. SO IT'S KIND OF A HIERARCHY OF T LEVELS, IT'S LIKE -- (LAUGHTER). >> I'M SORRY TO HAVE TO INTERY BUSY AGENDA. FORTUNATELY, WE'RK RIGHT NOW, SO PEOPLE WHO WANT T, THERE WILL BE TIME TO DO IT HERO THANK YOU AGAIN FOR COMING AND . (APPLAUSE). >> LARRY, THANK YOU FOR COMINH PRESENTATION YOU'VE MADE ON A TF THE IMPORTANCE AND INTEREST OF S DEVELOPED A STRATEGIC PLAN, FIVN RESPONSE TO THE MANDATE FROM COY WILL PRESENT THAT AND THEN ULTIL FIND ITS WAY TO CONGRESS IN RESY UNDERSTANDS THE BUSINESS OF SCIE PERSPECTIVE OF BEING THE PREVIOD CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH. LARRY, . >> DR. LARRY TABAK: THANK YO, EVERYBODY. THE OTHER WAY OF LO9 TIMES TO GET IT TO THE POINT WHE TO HEAR. (LAUGHTER). I WILL LET YOU DECIDE WHICH OY TOLD YOU WHY I'M HERE. WE WEREO DELIVER A FIVE-YEAR STRATEGIC PW PENDING LEGISLATION. IT TURNS , WHICH HAS A LOT OF INFORMATION O THIS SUGGESTION ABOUT DOING A SE BULLET, YOU'LL SEE THEY WANT USC DISEASES REMAIN A PRIORITY. RAF COURSE THAT THE NEI WOULD BE QUN FINALLY ENSURING THAT THE BIOMEA PRIORITY, THAT'S A THEME THAT W. SO I THINK IT'S INSTRUCTIVE TS PLAN SHOULD BE AND WHAT IT SHOUY THINKS THE STRATEGIC PLAN IS GOL PEOPLE, AND IT DECIDEDLY WILL NG DOCUMENT THAT WILL HELP US IN GT FIVE YEARS. THE NOTION, AND I F THE PREVIOUS PRESENTATION, BUT A DOCUMENT THAT WOULD BE APPROPRI, FLIES IN THE FACE OF REALITY. E AN ITERATIVE AND DOCUMENT AND WT AS SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES EMEO FORTH. WE HOPE THAT IT WILL ARD OPPORTUNITIES BOTH FORWARD LOOKY THE DOCUMENT NEEDS TO IDENTIFY L ADVANCE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. AE DOCUMENT WILL NOT BE. SO IT SHY IMPORTANT THINGS THAT NIH DOES R THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE BEEN INVOG PROCESSES, YOU KNOW THERE'S A N THE GENTLEMAN WHO PRECEDED ME, S LIKELY IT IS TO BE READ. IF NIT ALL THE THINGS IT'S DOING AND AE DOING, WE WOULD ENSURE THAT NOB. SO WE'RE NOT GOING TO EVEN TRY.N SHOULD NOT ADDRESS PRIORITIES OS AND OFFICES. ALL OF THESE ENTIC PLANS. SO THIS FIVE-YEAR OVERAT TO BE COMPLEMENTARY TO BUT NOT F INSTITUTE CENTERS OR OFFICES OFO STRATEGIC PLANS OF INSTITUTES, S STRATEGIC PLANS OF INSTITUTES, R THEIR REFRESH, THEY CAN LINK BAT ONE IS NOT MEANT TO REPLACE THEY DOCUMENTS. SO HOW HAVE WE GOTTA GROUP OF INSTITUTES AND CENTER D HIS DEPUTIES, WE DID A ROUGH FRS SHOULD BE ABOUT, WE ASKED EACH S WITH VOLUNTEERS TO STAFF A WORKR BASIS TO TRY TO COME UP WITH SOS FROM THE NEI ARE REPRESENTATIVEN VERY CRITICAL IN HELPING US FLEE DOCUMENT AND ALSO TO PROVIDE USH ADVANCES WHICH WE ARE CALLING CE SOME OF THAT WITH YOU IN A FEW S BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN HELPING THT THE NIH DIRECTOR HAS A NATIONALY COMMITTEE TO THE DIRECTOR OF NIH THE ACD TO REVIEW THE GENERAL FT TO BE CLEAR, THE FIRST TIME WE O SO WELL. THEY HATED IT. THEY R CRITICISM. AND IF YOU WANT A LK HOME, GO TO THE VIDEOCAST OF THE SUMMER 2014, AND WATCH THE SEGM. FORTUNATELY, WE LISTENED VERY, TRIED AGAIN-- TO THEIR ADVICE, D MUCH STRONGER THE SECOND TIME. Y INDICATED THAT WE SHOULD PLACE E INTERCONNECTIVITY OF SCIENCE, WG EDGE CLINICAL METHODOLOGIES HAVL RESEARCH, EVEN THOUGH WE HAD WE, THEY WANTED IT TO BE EMPHASIZEDY TOO WANTED MENTION MADE OF WORKY ELEMENT. I WILL TELL YOU DR.COY CLOSELY AND FOR THOSE OF YOU WH, YOU KNOW WHAT THAT MEANS. I'LLS THE OVERALL FRAMEWORK THAT WE AI WILL GO THROUGH EACH OF THESE EA LITTLE BIT OF THE DETAIL AND SEE EMPHASIZING. THE OVERVIEW WILLK AN OVERVIEW WILL HAVE, WE'LL ARE AGENCY, WE'LL TALK ABOUT HOW THN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE EVER, AT LEAS TODAY WE COULDN'T EVEN DREAM OFL TEMPER THAT WITH THE REALITY THN THE COMMUNITY, MAINLY LOSS OF BT CETERA, AND SO THOSE CONSTRAINTN THIS OVERVIEW. THE NEXT PART OD AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY THAT APPLYY WITH THIS PARTICULAR DISPLAY ISN FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE, HEALTH PROH BEGETS THE OTHER IN A CONTINUOUD BACKWARDS, SO THAT INTERCONNECTY IMPORTANT AND WE HOPE THAT THATF THOSE AREAS OF OPPORTUNITIES, WT DESCRIPTION OF EMERGING OPPORTUS TO DO TO REALIZE THOSE OPPORTUNS OF SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF RECENT D RESEARCH CALL-OUT BOXES THAT I . WE'LL TRY AND ALIGN THIS WITH TN SERVICES STRATEGIC PLAN, WE AREF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND D ARTICULATE THE UNIQUE ROLE THAT. SO JUST TO GIVE YOU A LITTLE MOL AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY, WITHIN FUO EMPHASIZE SEVERAL THINGS. LET E CONSEQUENCES ARE OFTEN UNPREDICY EXPLICIT ABOUT THE ROLE SERENDI, THAT YOU CANNOT PLAN FOR OR PRET BREAKTHROUGH IS GOING TO COME, G FROM THE TIME OF DISCOVERY UNTIO WHAT THE DISCOVERY IMPLICATION . SO AGAIN, OTHER THINGS ARE LIE THINGS THAT WE WILL SURELY EMPHA CALL-OUT BOX THAT WE MAY USE. O USE THIS. SO WHO WOULD HAVE THE '60S ON HOW BACTERIA FIGHT OFF W CALL CRISPR? BACK THEN IT WAS Y PAID ATTENTION TO T BUT FAST-FOE HAVE EXPLOIT IT HAD TO THIS REM. SIMILARLY, MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGIS AND YEARS AND YEARS, WHO WOULD E MANIFEST INTO WHAT WE NOW UNDERM CHARACTERIZED BY THE MICROBIOMED DISEASE PREVENTION, HERE WHAT W, WE WANT TO EMPHASIZE THE IMPORT. WE'RE HARDWIRED TO LOOK IMMEDIAT THERE'S TREMENDOUS ADVANTAGE TO, TO GET A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OD SO FORTH. WE ALSO WILL EMPHASID ELIMINATION OF HEALTH DISPARITY, ALTHOUGH I THINK THIS ONE IS GO, AS AN EXAMPLE, CALL-OUT BOX FORE PREVENTION, VACCINES. I DON'T T OBVIOUSLY VACCINES ARE JUST ESSG DISEASE. IN TERMS OF TREATMENTO EMPHASIZE HERE IS THE FACT THATE REALLY CONTINGENT UPON THE NEW F PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THAT IS REAL DISEASE BARRIERS. WHEREAS WE UY ANATOMICALLY, THAT HAS SORT OF , AND TO BREAK DOWN THOSE BARRIERD SOLVING THE MOST INTRACTABLE DID TO ENTER INTO NEW PARTNERSHIPS,R CONTEMPLATED BEFORE. SO BY WAYT CANCER, AS WE LOOK AT IT TODAY,R THINKING ABOUT BREAST CANCER OR, WE'RE NOW THINKING ABOUT THE COE TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS DISREGULAD UNDERSTANDING OF THOSE DISREGULF WHAT THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS R IMMUNOTHERAPY. THE FINAL PART E SO-CALLED UNIFYING PRINCIPLES WS PRIORITIES AND HOW THE AGENCY EE PUBLIC FUNDS. FOR EACH OF THEST STATUS IS, WHAT THE EMERGENT OPD TO DO TO GET THERE, WE'LL HIGHLT BREAKTHROUGHS, AGAIN, WE'LL ALIF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES STRATA LITTLE MORE UNDERSTANDING OF WHF SETTING PRIORITIES, EVERYBODY I, HOW DO YOU FIGURE OUT HOW TO SPS CERTAINLY A REASONABLE QUESTIONE BURDEN IS GOING TO BE VERY IMPOE FACTOR. WE NEED TO BE READY TOC OPPORTUNITIES WHEREVER THEY EMEH TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT, WE HAVE Y RARE DISEASES ARE VERY IMPORTAND CURES FOR, BUT ON THE FLIP SIDEE VALUE OF PERMANENTLY ERADICATINN EXAMPLE OF WHAT WE MIGHT USE HEG RARE DISEASES AND THE FACT THATN AN IMPORTANT HUB FOR THIS TYPE G INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL COLLAE UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE PROGRAM BEGN EXPANDED TO A VARIETY OF EXTRAMO ENHANCED STEWARDSHIP, THERE AREL WE HAVE TO REEMPHASIZE. RECRUIH WORKFORCE, ONE THAT IS DIVERSE O FIGURE OUT WAYS TO ENCOURAGE INE APPROACHES USE TO DO INFORM FUN. WE NEED TO CONTINUE TO ENHANCE E HAVE TO ENSURE RIGOR AND REPRODE CONDUCTING AND REPORTING. WE NE BURDEN. DOES ANYBODY WANT TO V. GOOD. THEY'RE PAYING ATTENTIONY VIDEOS. THEN FINALLY WE HAVE T. SO BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, THE ACCELP IS A PARTNERSHIP AMONG THE NIH O DEVELOP NEW DIAGNOSTICS, TO DEVY OF DOING THIS, THEY'RE TRYING TL TARGETS. IT'S UNPRECEDENTED FOT THE SAME TABLE, CO-FUNDING THINE SPACE, EVERYBODY WORKING TOGETHD AND A NEW WAY OF DOING BUSINESSN SOLICITING FEEDBACK ON THIS EFFR INFORMATION ABOUT 450 RESPONSESE FRAMEWORK THAT I'VE SHARED WITHD SUGGESTIONS, EMPHASIZE IMPLEMENY SCIENCE, IMPROVE PEER REVIEW BUC SUGGESTIONS, CONTINUE TO PROMOTE POPULATION HEALTH, AND THERE WES SPRINKLED. WE THEN DID OUTREAC, AND WE ENLISTED MEMBERS OF YOURE DIRECTOR TO HELP US, SO CORY BA5 OF OUR NEW FRIENDS ON THE 11TH , HELEN HOBBS, CATOLAURENCIN, 285Y DR.LIPKIN AND I, 200 PARTICIPANN OUR PATIENTS ARE NOW OUR PARTNEN TRIALS. FIX PEER REVIEW, NOBODF SOCIAL SCIENCES DOCTORS RESEARCY RESEARCH. THE TIMELINE PAUL HA. YOURS IS THE LAST COUNCIL THAT O SPEAK WITH. NOW, AFTER DOING 19 OF THESE,M I GOING TO LEARN HERE THAT I HAS THAT EVERY SINGLE COUNCIL HAS CG THAT WE HAVEN'T HEARD BEFORE. U GUYS, BUT EVERYONE HAS COME UP E HEAR THINGS WE'VE HEARD BEFORE,E THINKING IN A LIKE MINDED WAY TE IN REALTIME NOW, WE ARE ACTUALLL TOUCHES, THE ULTIMATE VERSION OT NEW NOVEL THING, WE STILL HAVE D INCORPORATE IT AND SO THAT'S THF GETTING BACK TO THE ACD AT THE T THEN WILL ALLOW US TO TRANSMIT 5 WHEN IT IS DUE IN LAW. SO YOU U CAN COMMENT ABOUT ANYTHING YOU T YOU'RE INTERESTED IN, DOES THE D ANY TRANSNIH THEMES AND ARE THEI HAVEN'T TOUCHED UPON THAT YOU TI SUSPECT THIS IS NOT A SHY GROUPE NOT. BUT IF YOU ARE SHY OR IF U WANT TO ASK WHEN YOU'RE BACK ONY E-MAIL ADDRESS, YOU'RE CERTAINLT DO SO BY THE WEEKEND BECAUSE WEL STAGES OF THINGS, AND I WOULDN'O INCORPORATE SOMETHING INTERESTIR YOUR ATTENTION, AND WITH PAUL, U CAN MODERATE. >> I HAVE A QUESTION. WE'VE M PAUL ABOUT PRECISION MEDICINE, . HOW WILL THAT FIGURE INTO THE S? >> DR. LARRY TABAK: OBVIOUSLY ELEMENTS THAT WOULD UNDERSCORE N THIS DOCUMENT. PATIENTS AS PARW PARTNERSHIPS, THE NEED FOR BIG N AND ON. SO I THINK IN SOME WAYS THE PERSONIFICATION OF IF YOU FS THAT HAVE BEEN LAID OUT, YOU WOE PRECISION MEDICINE WITHIN THE C. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: THANK YT SHY, SO I WILL SIMPLY OPEN THE . >> DR. LARRY TABAK: I'VE SUC. >> WE HEARD THIS MORNING ABOUY AND COMPUTATIONAL POWER AND SOMR AGENCIES, AND IS THERE ANY DISCH WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AND REO BRING THESE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGI? >> DR. LARRY TABAK: THAT'S AS UNDER THE GENERAL RUBRIC OF PARN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIPS AS WELL. WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT, AS YOU AG PARTNERSHIPS IN THIS SPACE WITHF ENERGY, IN FACT, NEXT WEEK WE HS TO VISIT WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE IN ONE OF THE NATIONAL LABORATOE BOTH SUPER-COMPUTING AND HIGH-PY IMPORTANT GOING FORWARD. BUT AD TO TRAIN A NEW GENERATION OF IN, I'M OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER A TIT PART OF THE STANDARD GRADUATE SS OVER THE HEADS OF MANY PEOPLE IT REALLY BE OLD. BUT NOT REALLY., OKAY? WE'RE AT A POINT NOW WHEE MADE FOR DATA SCIENCE. NOT ONLO CODE AND DO REALLY SOPHISTICATEE INVESTIGATOR WHO NEEDS TO HAVE F THIS SO THAT THEY KNOW WHAT QUET COLLEAGUES. SO THERE'S THAT PAE THERE'S SO MUCH EXPERTISE IN NOH COMMUNITIES, WE'VE GOT TO FIGUR, YOU KNOW, THE OBVIOUS SILICON VG SOME OF OUR EMPLOYEES TO GO WORO MISS THOMAS A GREAT DEAL, BUT WT CREATING LINKAGES, YOU KNOW, THE OTHER COMPANIES OUT THERE. >> SO WHY DO YOU SAY THAT PEEO FIX IT. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: DO YOU K? >> I WOULDN'T GIVE UP, BECAUST CAN ACTUALLY SHRINK ALL THE POW. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: LOOK, THW IS NOT ENOUGH MONEY TO FUND ALL. >> OKAY. SORRY. I MISUNDERST SCIENTIFIC-- >> DR. LARRY TABAK: SO THEREE PEOPLE COMMENTING ARE REFERRINGT APPLICATION. OKAY? >> ALL RIGHT. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: WITH REGC PUBLICATIONS, YOU KNOW, WE HAVEH JOURNAL EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS D REPRODUCIBILITY OF THINGS. WE'R SO THAT HAVE SIGNED ONTO SOME VU LOOK AT YOUR FAVORITE ONE-WORD Y CAREFULLY AT THE LEGENDS OF SOME NOW OWNING UP TO THE FACT THAT A SINGLE ANIMAL OR THIS IS-- I MEE EXPLICIT ABOUT WHAT THEY'RE ACTS STUFF IS STILL GETTING PUBLISHER AND THE JOURNAL. SO IF WE DON'T CONTROL, NIH DW PROCESS OF JOURNALS, OBVIOUSLY R REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS. BOTH NE MORE CONTROL OVER ONE VERSUS TH. >> MY COMMENT HAD TO DO WITH D HOW THE PERCEPTION OF, AS MY CON THE NECK OF SCIENCE AND IT STRAD THERE ARE OTHER PEOPLE IN SCIENS OF SCIENCE WHERE THIS IS NOT A K THAT ON, ALL THE BILLIONS OF DOH COULD ACTUALLY MUCH MORE AFFECT. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: SO WE HAE THAT WE COULD DO. SO THE SUM LE OPEN ACCESS POLICIES, BUT IF YOY PEOPLE THINK PUBLICATION WOULD , JOURNALS AS WE KNOW THEM WILL N? BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT THE HIGH, THEY'VE BEEN PUTTING STUFF ONLIL WORKS FOR THEM. BIOMEDICAL RESO DO THIS, SO-CALLED PRE-PUBLICATE VERY INTERESTING TO SEE HOW LONH COMMUNITY TO ADOPT THAT MODEL, S IS THAT NOW THAT WE CAN MEASUREN THAT THE UNIT OF SCIENTIFIC ACHN MAY MELT AWAY, RIGHT? LET'S SAW PEOPLE TO ACCESS AND REVIEW ANDE THAT COULD BE MEASURED BECAUSE E POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF THAT DATE NEW NORM GOING FORWARD. NOW THE NOTION OF OKAY, YOU NEED SO MANT TENURE AT A UNIVERSITY AND SO FY PUBLICATIONS AND PRELIMINARY DAD GET YOUR COMPETITIVE RENEWAL, ME WAYSIDE, I DON'T KNOW. AGAIN, E CAN ENCOURAGE MORE OPEN ACCESS,F PROVIDING DATA STORAGE SO THAT D BY THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY. WE CAO ALLOW THEIR EDITORIAL PROCESS TL EXPERIMENTS THAT ARE PROBABLY FY FAVORITE, AND THE MEETING WE HAS NOTIONS THAT, WELL, IF YOU DO TS RESULT, WE WILL PUBLISH YOUR PAS MIND-BOGGLING. AND MOST OF THE, THE EDITOR OF THAT PARTICULAR JL RIGHT. I MEAN, MOST OF THE ROOT WE'RE TRYING TO GET JOURNALS TOF PRACTICE. IT'S MADDENING, WELLE EXPERIMENTS, ANOTHER FIVE EXPER. SO WE CAN WORK WITH JOURNAL EY INSIST BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE TH. PLEASE? >> I THOUGHT IT WAS INTERESTIT THE ROLE OF SERENDIPITY IN THISS TENSION, BUT HOW DO YOU ALLOW SE CRISPR EXAMPLE. HOW WOULD THAT? >> DR. LARRY TABAK: THAT'S AI DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER. I DON'TF IT DEPENDS ON THE CULTURE, RIGHF PEOPLE IN INDUSTRY, AND I'VE ASS HISTORICAL BECAUSE INDUSTRY DOEE ANYMORE. SOME DOES. SO HOW DOT TOWARDS BASIC SCIENCE? HOW DIDE ALWAYS ASKED THIS QUESTION. FRE DISCUSSIONS WERE, THERE'S NO WAA SET-ASIDE OF A CERTAIN PERCENTAT WORRY ABOUT IT. SO MAYBE THAT'S TO MAKE SORT OF AN EDUCATED ASSG THESE NUMBERS UP, I DON'T KNOW F YOUR BUDGET SHOULD GO TO BASIC N JUST LET SCIENCE RUN ITS COURSEW MECHANISMS THAT WE HAVE BEEN DED THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO.R AWARDS AND NOW THE NCI HAS COMES HAS COME OUT WITH SOMETHING, ANE WORKING ON THINGS, BUT BASICALLG INVESTIGATOR, GIVE HIM OR HER AL AND LEAVE THEM ALONE. I COULD H DEAN, THAT WAS THE BEST WAY TO T PEOPLE, GIVE THEM SOME RESOURCER WAY. NOW, THAT IS NOT SOMETHINS DOESN'T NECESSARILY RESONATE WIW ARE CAN YOU ASSURE THAT LEADS TT IMPORTANT DISEASE OR CONDITION.U DON'T. AND IF YOU TRY, YOU'RE Y WE THINK IT'S SO VERY IMPORTANTT SERENDIPITY IS. NOW, THAT SAIDE CAN DO TO MAKE THE ECOSYSTEM MOO EMERGE, RIGHT? SO IN ADDITION E RESOURCES THAT THEY NEED AND STE AVAILABLE TO THEM, YOU KNOW, THF THAT THEY NEED, REGARDLESS OF W5 UNIVERSITY OR BOTTOM 5 UNIVERSIT PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO THE GREATY SOME OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE BURDG EVERYBODY. THERE ARE A NUMBER E IT MORE CONDUCIVE, BUT AT THE EC SCIENCE, IT'S NOT THE SAME AS PS DIFFERENT. SO HOPEFULLY THIS WE STAKEHOLDERS BUT ALSO THE POLICS WITH FUNDS AND IT WILL SORT OF G FORWARD. >> I WAS THINKING ABOUT YOUR F THE CORE THINGS THAT THE COMMUNO HAPPEN IS SOME LARGE SCALE COMMS BEEN SUPPORTING LIKE THE NCO ARR DATASET YOU WANT, THE VALUE OF F THEY'RE ACTUALLY AS BROAD AS POE STRATEGIC PLAN TO MAKE THAT HAPE SUBSETS OF IC'S ON LIKE A LARGES INCLUSIVE AS POSSIBLE. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: SO THE WD AT THINGS THAT CROSS ACROSS THES AND CENTERS WORK IN DUETS AND TD YEARS, THAT GOES ON ALL THE TIMN TO FACILITATE THAT. THERE ARE R ENGAGEMENT, THE NEUROSCIENCE, WY FAMILIAR WITH BECAUSE YOU'RE NEE ASKING IS, CAN NIH AS A WHOLE TD WE ARE BEGINNING TO DO SO. SO E INITIATIVE IS REALLY SUPPORTED A COMBINATION OF COMMON FUND AND Y SUPPORTING THAT BECAUSE IT'S SOE AGENCY NEED. THE INITIATIVES TL RESEARCH WORKFORCE, SIMILARLY, E AND CENTER, ACROSS THE ENTIRE NE ENTIRE NIH NEEDS. SO AS WE IDET ARE CENTRAL TO ALL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, I THINK WE'RE GOING OT TYPE OF MODEL WHEN YOU SPREAD IE OTHERWISE, YOU HAVE THINGS THATT INTENTIONALLY, IT'S JUST THE WAS EXACTLY WHAT YOU DON'T WANT TO . >> EXACTLY. IT'S NOT JUST A , IT'S THE MISSING PIECES IN THE T SURE ENTIRELY HOW THIS ALL WORKE PRIOR LARGE SCALE INITIATIVES AO BE MADE ENTIRELY BY IC, THAT'S E LOWERED IF THERE WAS MORE CENTR. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: THAT'S C. >> SO ONE QUESTION I HAVE AS S THERE SOMETHING THAT THE SYSTEME PURCHASING POWER? YOU POINTED T SLIDES AND IT'S JUST AN ON THE A CORE RESOURCE FOR TISSUE, IS THE GRANT THAT'S TO SUBSIDIZE THAT? >> DR. LARRY TABAK: YOU KNOWL MEETING AN INTERESTING THING FOT HIS PERSPECTIVE. WE DO HAVE EXH SUPPORTS ACROSS THE NATION. TYF THE BALKANIZATION OF THE AGENCYC CORE, THE TWO DON'T TALK TO EACF THERE WERE ONE SUPPORTING THE CE CORE, WHICH DOESN'T MATTER WHICH RESEARCHERS AND AT UNIVERSITIESE ALL FOR COALESCING THINGS, BUT N ENERGY THAT HAS TO BE OVERCOME,E RECOVERY ACT WHERE WE PROVIDED O UNIVERSITIES TO ALLOW THEM TO NO INTEGRATE THEIR CORES AND THOSES SUCCESS, VALUE ADDED, MORE EFFIO FORTH. IN FACT, SOME EVEN WENTG CORES. SO IF YOU'RE IN BOSTON U PROBABLY DON'T NEED TO DO THAT E MEGA-INSTITUTIONS IN THOSE GEOGE IN A PLACE WHERE THE INSTITUTIOA POWERHOUSE BUT ALL ARE VERY STRE MAY MAKE A LOT OF SENSE, AGAIN O FORTH. SO WE'LL BE LOOKING AT F NIH TO INCENTIVIZE THAT SORT OFS AND REGS SO THAT WE DON'T HAVE , OH, NO, THIS IS THE BALANCE BETI PERSON, YOU CAN'T USE IT. THATI THINK MORE FOR CULTURE THAN FORT HAPPEN. SO IF WE GET RID OF THE INCENTIVE AND PERHAPS A LITTLE S TO HELP THEM MAKE THE TRANSITIOT LEAST THE INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVT REALLY BIG UPTICKS IN EFFICIENCS SOMETHING THAT WE'RE GOING TO W. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: LARRY, E LEADERSHIP FOR NIH AND PULLING C PLAN. IN SOME CASES IT LITERALR BEING BUFFETED BY ACD. >> DR. LARRY TABAK: THIS IS N CHARGE OF THE PARKING COMMITTEE. (LAUGHTER). >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: MORE IMR TAKING TIME TODAY TO PRESENT TH. >> I DON'T SEE OUR NEXT SPEAKI WOULD LIKE TO DO IS ASK NEERAJ S PRESENTATION, ARE THE PROGRAM OD DEVELOPMENT, AND EVERY YEAR HE F OUR LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM. >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: THANKT ANNUAL PRESENTATION TO THE COUN, SOME HERE TO GIVE YOU AN UPDATEI FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 2015. SO WHAT'S THE PURPOSE OF LOANE OF LRP IS TO ATTRACT HEALTH PROH AND WHAT WE DO IN LIEU OF GETTIG THEIR EDUCATIONAL DEBT. WHAT IN REPAYMENT PROGRAM THAT ONE HAS A PERMANENT RESIDENT AND PERFORMIL RESEARCH AND WHAT WE EXPECT FROD 50% TIME TOWARDS RESEARCH, AND L LOANS BACK BY THE U.S. GOVERNMEF EDUCATIONAL LOANS FROM OTHER ACC INSTITUTIONS, SUCH AS TRUST BANY THE BAD LOANS SUCH AS PERSONAL T LOANS AND OTHER LOANS ACQUIRED O WHAT IT DOES T PAYS $35,000 PERO THE ACCRUED IRS TAXES INITIALLYT BECOMES QUITE A BIT ACTUALLY IFE OVERALL CONTRIBUTION FROM NIH PR SO OR MORE. IT'S RENEWABLE. YR INITIAL TWO YEARS AND IF YOU STN YOU. ONE DOESN'T HAVE TO HAVE E DOESN'T HAVE TO HAVE AN RO1 OR M NIH. HAVING SAID THAT, ALL MY E SPANNING 75% OR MORE TIME TOWARE SPENDING, THEY HAVE ALL GONE TOE HEAVY DEBT ON THEIR SHOULDERS, N REPAYMENT PROGRAM AND NIH WAS RA RESOLUTION THAT WHY NOT WE COMBY HAVE A KR, THEY AUTOMATICALLY QT PROGRAM, IT DIDN'T GO THROUGH WF WE CAN DO THAT. THE APPLICATIOS A SHORT, SMALL APPLICATION, SO D TO DO THIS. THIS YEAR THE DEADU GOING BACK TO YOUR INSTITUTION,, THEY CAN STILL APPLY, THEY STILS IN TWO PROGRAMS, PEDIATRIC RESES ANALOGOUS TO LO1 OR LR21, AND TH OR L30. THIS IS THE DATA FOR FD A BIG JUMP IN OUR APPLICATION PS AS COMPARED TO PREVIOUS YEARS WT 30 TO 35 APPLICATIONS AND THEREN A LITTLE BIT FROM 81% TO 58%, WO OTHER NIH-WIDE. AND THE TOTAL S $1,689,156. THIS WAS THE TABLE7 APPLICATIONS, OUT WHICH OF WE FE RENEWAL APPLICATIONS WE RECEIVE. SO 46 WE RECEIVED AND 27 WE FUND WE FUNDED 5. SO 32 OUT OF 55, I WOULD BE HAPPY TO ANSWER. >> IT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST FOS ABOUT WHAT QUALIFIES AS CLINICAS PEDIATRIC RESEARCH. >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: YES. L RESEARCH, ONE HAS TO BE PROPOSIL RESEARCH AND ALSO YOU QUALIFY IH ORIGINATED FROM HUMANS. YOU CAH INTO L30, WHEREAS IN L40 ONE CAT HAS TO BE DEALING WITH JUVENILES JUVENILE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY O. YES, MA'AM? >> SO THE INITIAL PROGRAM IS E RENEWAL? >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: YOU A. YOU CAN COME BACK IF YOU HAVE LO YEARS AND THEN TWO MORE YEARS, N COME BACK AGAIN. >> SO IS THERE A MAXIMAL AMOU. IS THERE A MAXIMAL AMOUNT THAT E PROGRAM? >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: NO MO. >> AND WHAT ARE THE-- NOW THA, WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO AWARD ? >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: WELL,, WHAT I MEAN IS THIS TIME WHAT HE APPLICATIONS FROM A LOT OF PH.DD THEY WERE NOT EVEN QUALIFIED FOL RESEARCH, THAT WOULD AUTOMATICAT THAT. >> NEERAJ, I THINK THERE IS AY CANNOT KEEP COMING BACK FOREVER. >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: I'M NG TO THAT, I MEAN, I THINK I HAVET APPLICANTS. >> WE SHOULD CLARIFY AND GIVE. >> DR. NEERAJ AGARWAL: YES. >> SO THAT I UNDERSTAND, IT'S? >> 35,000 MAX PER YEAR. >> 35,000 MAX PER YEAR. BUT P ON COMING BACK. >> RIGHT. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: THANK YT TOPIC MORE FASCINATING EVERY YE. (LAUGHTER). >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: WE APPRY MUCH. >> IF ANYONE IS INTERESTED, IR WHATEVER, THERE IS AN EVALUATIOK AT WHEN THEY'RE ASSESSING THE ME INTERESTED IN SEEING WHAT THE Q. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: LET ME Y HUDSON. KATHY HAS A LARGE ROLEH DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR SCIENCE, OUC TODAY IS ONE THAT SHE IS ABOUT M GOING ON GUESS, FIVE YEARS? FI, I'M SURE. VERY DIFFICULT TOPICD DESCRIBED THIS A LITTLE EARLIERH YOU FOR THE MORNING. SO AT THIL US MORE ABOUT HOW THIS IS ALL U. >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: GREAT. G ME, AND GOOD AFTERNOON. SO I'MT THE CURRENT PROPOSED REVISIONS N RULE FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAF REGULATIONS THAT GOVERN HOW WE E PARTICIPATING IN HUMAN SUBJECTSE REGULATIONS IS HERE, AND THEY HG HISTORY, AND AS AND APPROPRIATED THE NIH AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HN AT THE FOREFRONT OF THESE GUIDE. FIRST ISSUED IN 1966 AND THEN RO REGULATIONS IN 1981 AND THEN BED THE COMMON RULE BASICALLY INDICS MANY AGENCIES. SO THERE ARE MOS THAT HAVE ADOPTED THIS RULE ANDL PRINCIPLES AND REGULATIONS IN H. SO AFTER A QUARTER OF A CENTUO REVISE THE COMMON RULE, AND SINO PLACE, RESEARCH HAS CHANGED QUIE IN SCOPE AND CHANGED IN TERMS OS INVOLVED AND ALSO CHANGED IN TEE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESEARCHERO INCREASINGLY IT'S NOT RESEARCH H PARTICIPANTS AND THE NATURE OF . SOON AFTER PRESIDENT OBAMA WAE HOUSE CONVENED A GROUP OF PEOPLT WOULD BE THE IDEAL MODERNIZATIOE FOR THE COMMON RULE, AND WE CAM. IT WAS PUT OUT FOR PUBLIC COMMEF PROPOSED RULEMAKING, ANPRM, WHIS TO BE SORT OF MODIFIED TWICE BES FALL, ABOUT A MONTH AGO, WE PUTD RULEMAKING FOR PUBLIC COMMENT. S RECEIVING COMMENTS ON THIS PROPE COMMENTS AND CONSIDER THEM AND E PRESIDENT IS QUITE EAGER TO PUTE LEAVES THE WHITE HOUSE FOR THE S INTERESTED IN PUTTING OUT THIS R THE LAST TIME, SO THERE'S A LOTE TWO MAIN EFFORTS AND MOTIVATIOND SAFEGUARDS FOR HUMAN RESEARCH PE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM. S POSSIBLE, WHERE ARE THERE REQUIT ARE NOT ACTUALLY IMPROVING THE E PARTICIPATING IN THE RESEARCH? SO THERE ARE SIX BROAD AREAS D REFORMS, AND THEY ARE LISTED HEY QUICKLY THROUGH EACH OF THEM, GL PROPOSED MODIFICATION THAT WE H. FIRST IS CALIBRATING OVERSIGHT E REALLY DID TRY TO LOOK AT RESEAK CONTINUUM, AND LOP OFF THE BOTTY NEED TO PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION K RESEARCH, SO LET'S JUST MOVE ITO WE DID THAT THROUGH A SERIES OFI WILL SHOW YOU A FEW OF THOSE. E HAVE EXPANDED COVERAGE, AND THAE ARE CLINICAL TRIALS THAT ARE NOL REGULATION, AND WE HAVE SUGGESTS ARE CONDUCTED AT AN INSTITUTIONR HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH, THAT IG IN RESEARCH SHOULD BE ABLE TO EE SAME AND THAT THE RULES ARE THEO COVER ALL THE CLINICAL TRIALS CG OUR MONEY. AMONG THE EXCLUSIONS, BECAUSEO RESEARCH IS DEFINED, THESE THING RESEARCH, I WOULD POINT SPECIFID TO THE BOTTOM BULLET, WHICH IS Y IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH. THIS HASE AND I THINK WE SHOULD HAVE A HER THE COMMENT PERIOD. ALSO EXCLUS RESEARCH BUT IT IS EXCLUDED FROY POINT YOU TO THE SECOND BULLET G NONIDENTIFIABLE AND NONSENSITIVY SOCIAL SCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL SE WAS A BIG HURRAY THAT WENT UP FY UPON SEEING THIS AND HOPEFULLY N INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS SO O HIGH RISK RESEARCH AREAS. THERR ACTIVITIES CONSIDERED TO BE LOWR CONTROLS IN PLACE, SO WHY DUPLIF SOMETHING IS GOVERNED BY ANOTHES ALSO EXCLUDED FROM COVERAGE BY A SERIES OF THINGS THAT ARE EXEMPR CONSENT OR FROM IRB REVIEW, ANDD OUT HERE, THEY ARE OFTEN ACCOMPT NEED TO BE IN PLACE, AND SOME OD HERE. SO ONE OF THOSE AREAS TH, I WON'T READ THEM, YOU CAN READE ONLY SAFEGUARD THAT IS IN PLACEE MET IS THAT THE DETERMINATION OD DOCUMENTED, AND WE HOPE THAT SOE DEVELOPED SO THE INVESTIGATORS T THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND THAT DECE RECORD OF THE EXEMPT DETERMINATN FOR RESEARCH WITH IDENTIFIED AND BEFORE NONIDENTIFIED, NONSENSIT. RESEARCH ARE WAS IDENTIFIED ANDE EXEMPT BUT THERE NEEDS TO BE APN PLACE FOR THAT RESEARCH. OF COG YOURSELF WHAT'S SENSITIVE, AND F THE THINGS WE'RE GOING ON NEED N TERMS OF ENHANCING RESPECT FOR E MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THEN 2011 AND NOW IN THE NOTICE FOR G CONSENT FOR RESEARCH WITH BIOSPR THOSE SPECIMENS ARE IDENTIFIED A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE, SO PRESENTLT HAS IDENTIFIERS ASSOCIATED WITHE IDENTIFIERS AND THEN MOVE THAT Y SORT OF OVERSIGHT. IT'S NOT COH IF IT'S DEIDENTIFIED. THERE IST SUGGESTS THAT INDIVIDUALS WANT E BEING USED IN RESEARCH AND THEYO GIVE THEIR PERMISSION. SO THISE RESPECT AND RESPECT THE AUTONOMH PARTICIPANTS MUCH THERE WAS ALSE GROWING ABILITY TO REIDENTIFY BY NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS SHOWING N BASED ON GENOMIC ANALYSIS, IT'SF OTHER TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL COO REIDENTIFY SPECIMENS. BASED ONE HAVE PROPOSE THAT HAD THERE BE Y USE OF BIOSPECIMENS. I'LL COMET IN A SECOND BECAUSE I THINK IT N DOING RESEARCH. WE'VE RAISE UNG CONSENT, SO IN THE PAST IT WAS S INCONVENIENT TO COLLECT NEW BIOE WAIVE THE CONSENT REQUIREMENT ER USE OF IDENTIFIED SPECIMENS THA. THERE NEEDS TO BE STRONG COMPELD EVIDENCE THAT YOU COULDN'T DO TD BIOSPECIMENS. IN TERMS OF FACIY GERMANE TO THIS ISSUE OF BIOSPED A SOURCE OF GREAT CONSTERNATIONS ABOUT WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS S BUT THE CONSENT WAS TO DO PROJEA AND NOW I WANT TO DO SOMETHING S WOULD BE PARTICULARLY VALUABLE N ASSOCIATED WITH THOSE SPECIMENS, AND THE QUESTION IS IS THAT PERG RESEARCH WITH IDENTIFIED SPECIMN POTENTIALLY GO BACK TO INDIVIDUN ADDITIONAL STUDIES, FOR EXAMPLES CLEAR IS THAT A BROAD CONSENT IE LAID OUT WHAT WOULD BE THE ELEMU USE THIS BROAD CONSENT AND THE S BROAD CONSENT, YOU DO NOT HAVE O SECONDARY RESEARCH. THIS REALLU TO USE MY BIOSPECIMENS, I WANT T YOU TO USE WHAT YOU CAN IN ORDED UNDERSTANDING AND IN ORDER TO AD DON'T COME KNOCKING ON MY DOOR E GOT A NEW IDEA. THREES THE ELEN THE BROAD CONSENT. WE'RE GOINGY KNOWS WHAT IT IS, AND IF YOU US. I'M GOING ON SKIP THIS. I'M S BIZARRE. SO ANOTHER HOPEFULLY N IS TO SIMPLIFY INFORMED CONSENTT THAT THE RULES HAVE NOT CHANGEDE LENGTH OF INFORMED CONSENT DOCUY INTO INCREASINGLY COMPLEX SET OE TO DO WITH PROTECTING INSTITUTIS TO DO WITH PROTECTING-- INFORMIL RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS. SO WHATD CONSENT DOCUMENTS MAY ONLY INCLF YOU FEEL COMPEL TO DO PROVIDE AR RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS OVER AND U NEED TO PUT IT IN THE APPENDIX., I THINK, TO WATCH OVER TIME WHAE CONSENTS BEFORE AND CONSENTS AFT DOCUMENTS AND HOW THEY CHANGE, E UNDERSTANDING AND COMPREHENSIONE INTERACTION FOR RESEARCHERS AND. THERE ARE ALSO INCREASING PRIT HAVE BEEN PROPOSED. IN THE ADVD RULEMAKING, THERE WAS A STATED A PRIVACY STANDARDS AND COMMON RUE NONIDENTICAL. THE WORD HIPAA CY PEOPLE AND AS A RESULT WE GOT OT ATTEMPT TO FUSE THOSE TWO THINGE EITHER BE COMPLIANCE WITH HIPAAE DEVELOPED, WHICH OF COURSE LEAVT EXACTLY WILL THOSE STANDARDS LO. THEN THERE ARE SOME STREAMLINT PROPOSED CHANGE HERE IS A SINGLC RESEARCH STUDIES. SEVERAL YEARE COMMON RULE MIGHT NEVER ACTUALLF BUREAUCRATIC LETHARGY, WE SAT DD BE THE MOST IMPORTANT CHANGES TE COULD WE DO THROUGH NIH POLICY,G THE IRB PROCESS. SO WE ACTUALLE SPRING, I THINK, A PROPOSED NIHS THAT ARE DOMESTIC MULTISITE STU. WE GOT 800 AND SOME ODD COMMENTY POSITIVE AND WE'LL BE FINALIZINE COMMON RULE HAS MADE A SIMILAR B FOR MULTISITE STUDIES AND WE'RES POLICY INTO PLACE. SO THERE ARG PROPOSALS INCLUDING REDUCTION ON WHICH THERE'S NO LONGER ANY INTT WHILE DATA IS STILL BEING ANALYL RISK DETERMINATIONS AND THE LIKS PROPOSAL AND ONCE WE FINALIZE TO EFFECT ONE YEAR AFTER THE PUBLIE ELEMENTS. ONE IS THE NEW CONSE, AND THAT'S LARGELY BECAUSE INSTT MECHANISMS OF EFFECTIVELY TRACKR BIOSPECIMENS AND WE UNDERSTAND P FRONT. HOWEVER, WE THINK THAT , IT COULD RESULT IN CONSIDERABLEY RESEARCH MOVING FORWARD. SO WEN THE ROAD. SIMILARLY, SYSTEMS WD IMPLEMENTED IN ORDER TO MONITORT STATUS AND IRB REVIEW STATUS OFN ANOTHER INSTITUTION, AND CERTAIL CENTERS HAVE PRETTY ROBUST ELECO TRACK PROTOCOLS AND THOSE WILL E AND UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON S REVIEWING THE STUDY. SO THAT'S SORT OF THE PLAN, TN DECEMBER7. WE ARE HOPING TO GED ENGAGEMENT DURING THE COURSE OFE OF THE THINGS WE'RE DOING TO TRF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT MEETINGSE COUNTRY. THE ONES THAT HAVE THD BY US THROUGH FUNDING THROUGH TD WILL FOCUS ON FOUR SEPARATE TOPE REALLY HOPE THAT THAT WILL ALLOW ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES ON THESE E CAN COMMENT IN A MORE INFORMED E PROPOSED COMMON RULE IN A NUTSHE QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS OR HOWEVE. >> SO AS REGARDS TO THE BROADY RETROSPECTIVELY SO THAT LET'S SA FAMILY GOING BACK 50 YEARS, RART GOING TO BE ABLE TO TRACK THEM . >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: SO WE HE BIOSPECIMENS, ALL OF THESE POLIY APPLIED, SO IT WILL ONLY GO INTE ENACTMENT DATE, THAT'S WHAT'S PH COLLECTIONS OF BIOSPECIMENS, THW BROAD CONSENT RULE. THEY'LL BAT DOESN'T MAKE A LOT OF SENSE FROU WOULD TREAT THEM DIFFERENTLY, BE KNOW THAT PEOPLE HAVE RICH BIOSD WE DON'T WANT TO REMOVE THOSE FN RESEARCH. YES, MA'AM? >> CAN YOU PLEASE TALK A BIT M SUBJECT VERSUS PARTICIPANT AND T HEARD ABOUT. I MEAN, IS THIS SG CLINICAL RESEARCHERS AT OUR HOME REVIEW JOURNAL ARTICLES THAT USE CROSSING IT OUT AND PUTTING PAR? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: I CAN TI DON'T KNOW WHETHER OR NOT I CANT WHETHER WE SHOULD BE UNIFORMLY D SUBJECT. THE WORD RESEARCH SUBS AGO AND IT HAS BEEN REMAINED PLD PATIENT ADVOCACY COMMUNITY HAS R A LONG TIME. I THINK WE MORE RF EMBRACE EMBRACED THE NOTION OF D ENGAGEMENT OF PEOPLE PARTICIPAT. DURING THAT SAME PERIOD OF TIMES GUIDELINES WERE PUT INTO PLACE E HAS BEEN A SIMILAR EVOLUTION ABP BETWEEN PHYSICIANS AND THEIR PAF PROFESSIONALISM, OF SHARED DECIA MISTAKE, YOU OWN IT, YOU NOTIFYO SORT OF THE WHOLE SET OF ISSUESL PROFESSIONALISM I THINK ARE BEIH CONTEXT. I DON'T THINK WE NEEDL LIKE WE NEED TO BE SUPER-RIGID , HAVING PROCEED POSTED THIS PRECE REALLY ARE TRYING TO INCORPORATD PARTNERSHIP FROM THE BEGINNING,, GOVERNANCE, WE REALLY ARE STARTA LOT MORE. IT'S NOT THE PERFECTE PARTICIPANTS AS RESEARCHERS, TO, WHICH SOUNDS LIKE THE THING OVEF SEMI-PATERNALISTIC RELATIONSHIP. >> JUST A QUICK QUESTION WITHL QUALITY EXEMPTION. SO IS THEREO DISSEMINATE OR INTENT TO PUBLIST DEFINITION? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: THAT ISK THIS IS AN ISSUE THAT IS, I THIR QUALITY INSURANCE, QUALITY ASSUM IMPROVEMENT AND EVALUATION, FORL UNDER THOSE UMBRELLA, IF YOU PUN WHO IS DOING IT BE A DIFFERENT F WHERE YOU SIT, RIGHT, WHERE YOUY ASSURANCE IS ANOTHER MAN'S RESEN OF RESEARCH IS THAT IT'S FOR THE KNOWLEDGE, BUT OF COURSE WE DO S UP TRULY BEING GENERALIZED BECAR THINGS. WE STILL CALL IT RESEAO FOLLOW THE SAME RULES. SO I THE IS BETWEEN QUALITY ASSURANCE, QM EVALUATION AND RESEARCH IS GOINY PROBABLY IMPERFECT BUT WE NEED L UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS IN ORDER . SO I THINK THIS IS ONE OF THE AS COMMENT PERIOD THAT I THINK WE G DISCUSSION BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO SS ACTIVITY OR THIS ACTIVITY AND PD BY PEOPLE WHO DO BOTH. BUT IT G IN THE WRITING AND IT WILL BE C. YES, MA'AM? >> I THINK YOU'VE BROUGHT UP E CONSENT FORMS ARE NOT MADE FOR T THEY ARE MADE FOR LEGAL PROTECTE INVESTIGATOR. IS THERE ANYTHINS DOCUMENT TO TRY ON CHANGE THAT?E WRITTEN AT A SIXTH GRADE LEVEL.T THE ONES I'VE SEEN, AT A SIXTH E TEETH INTO CHANGING WHAT THESE A PATIENT ACTUALLY CAN UNDERSTAND? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: I HOPE E CONSENT ONLY INCLUDE THE CENTRAD WHAT THE ELEMENTS ARE THAT SHOUT NOTHING MORE CAN BE IN THE CONSF LANGUAGE ABOUT LIABILITY AND VAF GOTTEN STIRRED INTO CONSENT FORN APPENDIX. I THINK IT'S AN INTEG FORWARD. TO WHAT EXTENT IT ACTE UNDERSTANDABILITY OF CONSENTS AD UNDERSTANDING ON THE PART OF THS WILL BE A FASCINATING SHIFT ON E ELIMINATING, SAYING THESE ARE TU WANT TO SAY MORE THAN THAT, SORE WILL DO WHAT THEY ALWAYS DO, WH. >> SO I MIGHT SUGGEST HUMBLY N EDUCATION AND THE PRODUCTION OFD IN THIS BECAUSE I WOULD THINK TT WILL SHORTEN IT AND THE LANGUAGE LEVEL THAT IS NOT UNDERSTANDABL. >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: RIGHT. E RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE EVALUATIT PARAMETERS, BUT AT THE END OF TE EXTENT THAT WE CAN ENCOURAGE AN. >> SO A LOT OF WHAT YOU'VE SAM JUST WRAPPING MY HEAD AROUND THT MOVING FORWARD WHERE PARTICIPANN A WAY THAT SEEMS BACKWARDS IN TE INVOLVED AND THE REGULATIONS, AY COMPLICATED PROCEDURE. SO CAN E RATIONALITY THAT SOME PATIENTS U ENLIGHTEN US AS TO HOW YOU IMAG? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: I MISSE- >> CAN YOU ENLIGHTEN US AS TOK IN A FUTURE IN A WAY WHICH IS SE SYSTEM NOW? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: YEAH. O MAINTAIN THE STATUS OF THE CONSO WE ALREADY DO THAT. WHAT THIS E DEIDENTIFIED SPECIMENS THAT YOUR CONSENT, YOU NOW NEED TO TRACK . BUT ON THE OTHER SIDE, THE CONSU USE THIS FORM, THEN YOU DON'T HR TO USE THOSE SPECIMENS. IT'S BE PERMISSIONS AND ALL OF THE CLEAT SHOULD BE FACILITATION OF RESEAD THERE'S SOME STUDIES THAT DOCUMN OF THIS, IS THAT PEOPLE SPEND AT WHETHER OR NOT THE CONSENT THATF BIOSPECIMENS IS SUFFICIENT FOR E IN KNOTS AND ENORMOUSLY VALUABLD IN SECONDARY RESEARCH FOR THAT F OPPORTUNITY. WE DID A SURVEY, Y OF NIH LARGE COLLECTIONS OF BION SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH AND IT WAS E THESE VALUABLE COLLECTIONS THATD RESEARCH BECAUSE OF CONSTERNATIF THE CONSENT. SO IT WILL BE BUR, ESPECIALLY IN LARGER MEDICAL INY TRACKED ANYWAY, WHAT I THINK WET ISSUE IS IN SORT OF SMALLER COMD OUTSIDE OF BIG ACADEMIC INSTITU. >> ONE THING, I RECENTLY HEARF ELECTRONIC, SMARTPHONE OR TABLER COMPREHENSION ON THE PART OF REY DISCUSSION, MENTION, THOUGHT ABF TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONSENT PROCES- IN THE COMMON RULE CHANGES? >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: GREAT QR PROPOSAL SPEAKS TO THAT SPECIFIG NUMBER OF REALLY SIMPLE STREAMLG THE ONES THAT CAME OUT WITH THEE PARKINSON'S AND OTHER STUDIES, E PHONE, RIGHT? AND WE ARE LOOKIF CONSENT FOR THE PRECISION MEDICT THE COMMON RULE IS LARGELY THE U DO THE CONSENT, SO IF IT'S VIEWA KIOSK OR IN A PAPER FORM, IT'S E ARE SOME REALLY NIFTY MOBILE CO. >> MAYBE THIS IS SOMETHING TOT ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THERE'S POTEE ACCEPTABLE IN THE COMMON RULE, I KNOW AT LEAST FROM OUR IRB THERE KIND OF ACTIVITIES. >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: YEAH. E OF HUMAN RESEARCH PROTECTION WHN THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUM THAT OFFICE TO IRB'S IN A MORE L BECAUSE I'M BETTING THAT WE'RE E AGAIN FOR ANOTHER 25 YEARS AND E GOING TO BE DOING RESEARCH AND G CONSENT IN THE FUTURE, SO BEINGE PREAMBLE AND IN SOME OTHER WAY T LOCK US INTO MEDIA OF TODAY. TE SOME FASCINATING, FASCINATING C. >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: KATHY, O EXPLAIN AND REDUCE FIVE YEARS OE THAT THIS WILL NOW GO THROUGH F. >> DR. KATHY HUDSON: GREAT. . (APPLAUSE). >> OUR LAST SPEAKER THEN WILLE AUDACIOUS GOALS INITIATIVE LIAIE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR. >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: THANK O BE ABLE TO GIVE AN AUDACIOUS GOE OF THE NEW COUNCILMEMBERS, HOPES GOALS INITIATIVE. WE STARTED IT YEAR ARE AT SFN ACTUALLY FOCUSI, THIS IS AN EXPERT WORKSHOP THATE PAPER THAT CAN BE FOUND ON OUR A FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT. WE INTENH SFN AND AT ARVO AND LAST ARVO WR REGENERATION. JUST NEXT WEEK WL SATELLITE EVENT FOR SOCIETY FORN RECONNECTING NEURONS IN VISUAL N MORE DETAIL ON SUBSEQUENT SLIDET WORKSHOPS WITH THE HELP OF OUR O INTO A LITTLE BIT MORE OF OUR PS GOING TO BE A PANEL DISCUSSION O CHAIRS, MICHAEL CRAIR AND CAROLN THE STATE OF THE ART OF AXON GUD WE'LL HAVE A PUBLIC FORUM AT THO ENGAGE IN THE DISCUSSION AS WEL3 PANELISTS LISTED HERE. AS OF YE REGISTRANTS FOR OUR EVENT, WE SE ALSO PARTNERED WITH BRIGHT FOCUX OR EIGHT TRAVEL AWARDS, SIX OF O GRADUATE STUDENTS TO PERMIT THER FORUM. THIS IS THE FINALIZED AF WITH INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY DRE CHAIRS WILL GIVE BRIEF OVERVIEWE DISCUSSED IN PANEL DISCUSSIONS,N HALL DISCUSSION THAT WILL BE MOG COMMITTEE MEMBERS JOHN DOWELINGY QUESTIONS ABOUT THAT, I'LL HOLDO INTO IT. BUT I WILL JUST BRINGE NEXT ARVO WORKSHOP, WE'RE LOOKIL GANGLION CELL REPLACEMENT AND TE AUDACIOUS GOALS INITIATIVE IN TT ONE, OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION, R REGENERATION, AND NOW WE'RE GOIN CELL REPLACEMENT. WE'RE GOING A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF CELLS, OTHERS MIGHT BE ABLE TO COAX INTO REGEO SEE HOW MIGRATION AND INTEGRATIE UTILIZED AND WE'VE ALREADY APPRD DR.HITCHCOCK AND THEY'VE EXPRESS CRAFT THIS AND YOU'LL RECEIVE AT COUNCIL ON HOW THIS IS ALL GOIND REACHING OUT TO ANY OF THE PART. IN ADDITION TO THOSE WORKSHOPI ACTIVITIES. WE ARE STARTING A L NAME SHOULD BE THE AGI SEMINAR E MEDICINE. WE THINK THIS IS GOIE INNOVATIVE BREAKTHROUGHS AND RAE BOTH ON CAMPUS AND TO THE BROADE VIDEOTAPED AND BE ACCESSIBLE BYT KICKED OFF ON MONDAY, NOVEMBER2E MEMBER JOSH SANES AND WE'VE DEVS THAT THESE TALKS WOULD FIT INTOE THE PEOPLE LISTED HERE HAVE ALLN AND WE'RE FINALIZING THE DATES D WE'LL BE CIRCULATE THAT GO WIDEG THAT WIDELY ON OUR WEBSITE AND . IN ADDITION, WE'RE TRYING TO D THESE IDENTIFIED AREAS THAT THER DEVELOPED, SO WE'RE DEVELOPING T SHOULD BE LAUNCHED HOPEFULLY BYL ALLOW THE LARGER VISION COMMUNIN BOTH THE WHITE PAPERS THAT COMET ARE SEED THERE HAD BY NEI STAFFS WILL BE AN ITERATIVE PROCESS ANH PLANNING FUTURE MEETINGS AND FUT TO LET EVERYONE KNOW THAT WE HAT ON THE STREET. IT'S OPEN UNTILS ON DISCOVER BASED SCIENCE TO IDL REGENERATION IN THE VISUAL SYSTE INTERESTED CAN CONTACT OUR SCIED IT LOOKS LIKE WE HAVE AT LEAST S ALL I HAVE FOR YOU RIGHT NOW. N HEARING ANY COMMENTS OR TAKING . >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: THANK Y, ALSO THE CONSIDERABLE ENERGY THG THIS EFFORT ALONG WITH THE NEI S REALLY MOVING NICELY. SO AT THR QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, DISCUSSION. >> I JUST HAVE A LOGISTICAL Q0 PEOPLE HAD REGISTERED FOR THIS R IN ORDER TO ATTEND? BECAUSE LAS A LOT OF INTEREST AND I'M NOT SR TO THE EVENT. >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: RIGHT.R FIRST OPEN REGISTRATION EVENTS S CAPACITY ALLOWS. WE HAVE A ROOR 100 PARTICIPANTS, SO THERE IS EE REGISTRATION. DEFINITELY HOPEFO THOSE COMING TO SFN AND WE'VE DK THROUGH VISION PARTNER AGENCIEST PEOPLE KNOW AND WE'LL HAVE ANOTG OUT WHICH HAS BEEN PRETTY MUCH E COMMUNITY AS WELL AS THE VISION. >> JUST TO EMPHASIZE STEVE'S,G THE REGISTRATION IS SO THAT WE F INTERESTED PARTICIPANTS IN AGI N DISSEMINATION. >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: YES, IT THERE IS A NEW LISTSERV AT THE O DATE. WE'RE TRYING TO CIRCULATT PEOPLE ARE GETTING THE LATEST AL BOXES. OUR WEBSITE WILL ALSO BE DEVELOPED AND WE'RE EXCITED TO E TO KEEP PEOPLE EVEN MORE ENGAGEE ACTIVITIES. >> STEVE, COULD YOU MAKE MENTG GRANTS, ACTIVITIES, OVERSIGHT? T ABOUT WHAT THAT IS? >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: SURE. G WHERE ALL THE IMAGING AWARD DESS OR FIVE BIG PROJECTS THAT WERE Y THEIR ENTHUSIASM AND WILLINGNES. THEY'VE HAD A SUBSEQUENT TELECOO WHERE THEY'RE REFINING HOW THEYG THEIR MILESTONES. WE'RE REALLYG OUT OF THEM. IT'S STILL NEW BUL HAVE A PI MEETING AND WE'LL TRYS MIGHT BE AN OPPORTUNITY AND FORS THEIR PROJECTS ARE MATURING AS . >> DR. PAUL SIEVING: AND THEW AND WHO? >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: FOR THA GROUP OF FOUR OVERSIGHT COMMITTY HELPING STEER THOSE GRANTS. I Y HEAD WHO THOSE ARE, BUT THEY'REK TO EACH OF THE PROJECTS, SUCH AE OPTICS, SHERRI, DO YOU WANT TO E AND THEIR ACTIVITIES? >> SO, RIGHT, THE INDIVIDUALST COMMITTEE INCLUDE DOCTORS CHRISS AND LEN LEVINE WHO IS CHAIRING R ROLE IS REALLY TO ADVISE THE COR MILESTONES AND SUCH BUT ALSO TOY ACTIVE DURING THE PI MEETING, WE REALLY IMPRESSED AT THE ENTHUSIE MEETING. SO ONE OF THE THINGS G WAS MEETING ONCE A YEAR FACE TOT THEY REALLY WANTED TO BE COMMUNE NEXTTELECONFERENCE SETTING UP DY WANT TO BE IN MORE COMMUNICATIOE HOPING TO SEE SOME OF THOSE EAR, SEEING THAT THEY'VE BEEN MET S ? >> AND THEN HOW WILL THE INFOE STATUS FEEDBACK TO THIS MEETING? >> THAT'S ACTUALLY A GOOD QUE. >> DR. STEVEN BECKER: I THINE CHAIR OF THAT OVERSIGHT COMMITTT TO COUNCIL. >> ABSOLUTELY. I THINK THE TE DIFFERENT PROJECTS ARE GOING TOE LINES FOR WHEN THOSE MILESTONEST LEN WOULD BE A WONDERFUL PERSON. >> OKAY. EVERYBODY IS SITTINA MICROPHONE AND SAY ANYTHING. O. (APPLAUSE). >> IF THERE ARE NO GENERAL CO- >> ALL RIGHT. THERE IS ONE ME LUNCH, AND IT'S TITLED GENERAL R IS OPEN. EYE COUNCIL ADVISES TF IMPORTANCE, URGENCY, INTEREST, , HOPES, NO FEARS. SO LET ME JUSS BEFORE LUNCH. >> A COUPLE OF PIECE OF NEWS T WOULD BE OF INTEREST TO THE EYES STARTING TO HAPPEN ON THE IDEA S LIKE NATIONAL CENTERS FOR FOR NE CALLED BRAIN OBSERVE TOWERS OR U WOULD HAVE FANCY INSTRUMENTS ANA LOT OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE THATE INSTRUMENTS WILL BE DEVELOPED BE EVERYONE COULD COME AND USE THO. SO THIS IS JUST COPYING THE MOD, THAT'S WHY THEY'RE CALLED OBSER, THEN YOU COME BACK HOME. SO THO MEETINGS BACK TO BACK NEXT WEEK, SPONSORED BY NIH AND THE DEPARTE IS SPONSORED BY THE NSF AND THEE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IS THE WHAY THROW THEIR WEIGHT AROUND AND JY COULD ALSO HAVE A HUGE IMPACT OF NEWS ABOUT THE BRAIN INITIATIVEE AND MORE ABOUT THE ETHICS ASSOCS OF TECHNOLOGIES, IT'S AN ASPECTH IT WAS ORIGINALLY PROPOSED BY PN ETHICS COMMISSION THAT HAS JUSTS TO HAVE NOT JUST AN ETHICAL PANF DEVELOPING GUIDELINES LIKE WE HE APPLICATION OF NOVEL TECHNOLOGIE PERSONALITY OF PEOPLE OR HAVE I, THEIR MENTAL DATA. >> I FEEL LIKE I HAVE A CHANCT RESIST, RIGHT? I'VE HAD A CHANN EARLIER AROUND THE PRECISION MEM FOLLOWING UP TO SOME OF THE STRA FINAL CHANCE TO ENDORSE THE IDEE EFFORT AND THE DOLLARS, I WOULDO PARTICIPATE IN LARGE SCALE GENOY PLEASING, REWARDING, HELPFUL THR COUNCIL MEETING, THERE WAS MY FE AN EFFORT TO REACH OUT ABOUT THR INSTITUTES, I THINK YOU'RE AWARG ON, AND I WOULD JUST ENDORSE THE ACTIVITY BECAUSE IT'S MUCH EASIE BEGINNING RATHER THAN TRYING TOY BE SELF-EVIDENT, BUT RECENT EXPE AND THE MORE THAN SOCIETY OF HUS WEEK IN BALTIMORE THAT SOME OF , ONE OF THE MAJOR TOPICS IS TRYIE 98% OF THE GENOME THAT'S NOT COE INFORMED LARGELY BY BROAD GENOME AND ENHANCE ELEMENTS, REGULATORR BASE-- EPIGENOMIC REGULATION, AG BIOLOGY AND DISEASE GOING FORWAE IMPORTANT GOING FORWARD FOR ANYS BEING REPRESENTED IN THOSE EFFOR ACKNOWLEDGING THE POINTS, CONTIA AND I WOULD JUST HOPE THAT IT CE DISCUSSED THIS MORNING HE REMEMS BUT ALSO PHENOTYPE INFORMATION N MEDICINE INITIATIVE. >> JUST TO FOLLOW UP ON THAT,G RECOMMENDATION, WOULD YOU THINKY DISCUSSION ABOUT TRYING TO MAKEE CATCH-UP WORK THAT WOULD BRING D WITH SOME OF THE BRAIN WORK LIK? >> I THINK THAT WOULD BE A WOW THERE'S ALWAYS A TRADE-OFF HERET TO SUPPORT WHAT NEI HAS TRADITIY AGREE WITH SUPPORTING AS MANY II UNDERSTAND THE TRADE-OFF, I APPE QUESTION, FULLY KNOWING THERE'SE CATCH-UP AS WELL, THAT IT WOULDI TO CREATE THE DATA NEEDED TO ADE ROAD MAP PRODUCT. GTEX, IT COUE SAMPLES STUDIED FROM SUBJECTS IF PROJECT, BUT WHEREVER POSSIBLE,E WOULD BE WORTH IT BECAUSE OTHERN THE VISION RESEARCH COMMUNITY UR DATA SOURCES. >> JUST TO FOLLOW UP ON THAT,E CATCH-UP, YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNS PERHAPS A BIT MORE-- WOULD PROVN SPECIFIC TO THE EYE, SPECIFIC OF THOSE THINGS, GTEX AND ANCODE WH TO THE TISSUES, AND WE'RE GOINGD HERE ARE THE ONES WE'RE GOING TY HERE TO DESIGN SOMETHING THAT WE INFORMATIVE FOR THE VISION RESEK WOULD BE-- I MEAN, AS LONG AS YR STUFF BUT YOU CAN DO MORE, THAT. >> I THINK BOTH OF YOUR COMMEY THAT THAT COULD INTERSECT WITH W UP. >> I WOULD ADD ONE MORE COMMES WITH THE TREMENDOUS CELLULAR REE RETINA, SO WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNIS BEING DONE IN THE BRAIN BECAUSED INFORMATION ABOUT THE CELL TYPET OF THESE MODIFICATIONS MAY HAVES IN SUBPOPULATIONS OF CELLS OR IE ABLE TO LAYER THAT ONTO THE VERT OF THE OTHER PROJECTS THAT ARE S OPPORTUNITY. >> I WOULD JUST LIKE TO EMPHAW THE EYE OCULAR TISSUE HAS BEEN E ALLEN BRAIN INSTITUTE, IT IS THO OCULAR TISSUE IN ALL OF THEIR SS GOING, AND IT'S REALLY A PITY, E HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO ACTUALLYN AND DO A BETTER JOB THAN WHAT H. >> SORT OF A DIFFERENT TOPIC,Y JUST ON WORKFORCE, MAINTAINING,, AND MY TALKING WITH OTHER DEPAR, NO INSTITUTE DOES A BETTER JOB , REALLY, WHEN I TALK ABOUT IT, T, UNDERSTANDING THAT THERE IS ONET WE CAN DO ON A BROADER LEVEL TH? IT JUST SEEMS LIKE THE WORKFORCW IF THAT'S JUST A PERCEPTION. IS THERE SOMETHING MORE THAT WE CAO TRANSITION FROM ENTRY INTO PROLE DO THAT AT A MORE NATIONAL LEVEN HOPING THAT THERE'S A MENTOR INT COULD HELP? I DON'T KNOW IF THT MUSING. >> WELL, THERE IS ONE REALITYT AT THE OUTSET. OUR BUDGETS HAVN YEARS. WE OCCASIONALLY HAVE SOE COME THROUGH ASKING HOW THE BUDS SWITCHED FROM TALKING ABOUT THEE NUMBERS OF GRANTS THAT WE ARE FH ON THE ORDER OF 1200 TO 1050. H WOULD BE 120 OUT OF 10, WOULD BY ABOUT 20% FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO HE STILL TALKING EIGHT OR NINE OR N TEN YEARS AGO. FOR ME, THAT ISS OUT YOUR PERCEPTION THAT THERE , THERE ARE FEWER INVESTIGATORS FE AT THE NIH LEVEL, NATIONAL SCIES UNPRECEDENTED PREVIOUSLY, BUT OO THERE IS GOING TO BE INCREASINGR YOUNG OR ANY INVESTIGATORS TO G, AND ULTIMATELY THAT COMES DOWN O COMES DOWN TO THE NEED TO INFORS THAT WE SEE IN VISION RESEARCH S WOULD BE A BETTER APPROACH IN ST SOMETHING THAT THE INSTITUTES DE OUTSIDE OF THE GOVERNMENT. YOUT EMPLOYEES FOR THREE DAYS A YEARE THREE DAYS IN WORRYING ABOUT TA2 DAYS A YEAR, I WOULD REALLY URGD INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIETY, PROFE MESSAGE OUT THERE. IN TURN, MAR COMMUNICATIONS OFFICE, IS ACUTEY GOOD AND COMPELLING STORIES THAI COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS TO BE HEA VERY DIFFICULT TIME. WHAT I HA, THOUGH, IS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OR A STATEMENT, AS ERIC SAID, TY TORQUES THE RO1 SUPPORT HAS BEE- INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATOR, THE ROF HOW NEI DOES BUSINESS, BUT STATE OPPORTUNITIES WHICH IF LEFT UNAD IN THE SCIENCE AND IN DEVELOPIN. SO IT'S A COMPLEX TIME. >> SO I DO HAVE A COUPLE COMMW INVESTIGATORS AT NEI PUTTING INS YOU ALL DO OR BETTER AS YOU ALLD PUTTING IN A NEW GRANT APPLICATT WE'VE SEEN IN DOING SOME ANALYSO THAT INDIVIDUAL AFTER THAT FIRSS THAT WAS PRESENTED A MONTH OR SS ABSOLUTELY SHOCKING, THE QUESTIR FIRST GRANT AND IT'S JUST ENDEDU WILL GET ANOTHER RO1 IN THE NEXE IS ABOUT 40%. SO IT'S JUST REAN AMERICAN, IT'S EVEN WORSE, IT'SN THAT RANGE, AS I REMEMBER, AND H DROPOUT RATE. SO THIS HAS BECOE GETTING PEOPLE WHERE WE'RE GETTY BE LOSING THEM AT A VERY HIGH RT AWARD. SO I THINK THAT'S AN ARA LOT OF FOCUS IN THE COMING YEAR. >> JUST TO FOLLOW UP ON THAT,P BEFORE, SUSTAINABILITY AND IT'SG INVESTIGATORS IN, BUT IF WE CANE GOING TO HAVE A CHANCE TO SUSTA, WE'RE GOING TO LOSE A LOT, AND S SOMETHING THAT I THINK IS VERY E SUSTAIN THE YOUNG RESEARCHERS AO THAT THEY CAN BE MORE ESTABLISH. >> ONE MORE THING THAT FIRST E TRIGGER POINT FOR A TENURE DECIY LOSE THOSE PEOPLE IF THEY DON'TT REALLY KIND OF HIGHLIGHTS THAT Y TRANSITION. SO IT'S INTERESTIN. >> THE WAY I'VE SORT OF AMUSED THAT PROGRAM OFFICERS COULD POTR PORTFOLIO, FUNDED INVESTIGATORSE INFORMALLY. IT MIGHT NOT COST T JUST TO SAY, YOU KNOW, OKAY, WOL REGENERATION, YOU MIGHT NOT HAV, MAYBE THAT COULD BE DONE, YOU KE DONE THROUGH LITERATURE SEARCH,G TO MEETINGS, BUT SOMETIMES JUSTY WHY DON'T YOU TWO TALK TO EACH . >> WHEN DO YOU WANT US BACK? >> LET'S TAKE AN HOUR FOR LUN. YEAH, 1:15. OKAY.