1 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:08,040 I AM CATHERINE LONG DIRECTOR OF 2 00:00:08,040 --> 00:00:10,640 COMMUNICATIONS AT THE NATIONAL 3 00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:21,120 CENTER FOR COMPLIMENTARY AND 4 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:24,280 INTEGRATIVE HEALTH OR NIH, ON 5 00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:27,200 BEHALF OF OUR DIRECTOR, AND 6 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:31,560 DEPUTY DIRECTOR, I WANT TO 7 00:00:31,560 --> 00:00:34,600 WELCOME YOU TO THE 2022 STEPHEN 8 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:36,000 E. STRAUS DISTINGUISHED LECTURE 9 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:38,440 INLET SCIENCE OF COMPLIMENTARY 10 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:38,840 THERAPIES. 11 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:42,560 OUR SPEAKER TODAY WILL BE 12 00:00:42,560 --> 00:00:44,640 DR. LAURA ST ROUD OF THE MEDICAL 13 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:45,840 SCHOOL OF BROWN UNIVERSITY AND 14 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:48,920 OF THE MIRIAM HOSPITAL IN 15 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:50,840 PROVIDENCE RHODE ISLAND. 16 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:54,560 I WOULD NOW LIKE TO TURN THINGS 17 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:58,200 OVER TO THE DIRECTOR OF NCCIH TO 18 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:00,280 INTRODUCE OUR SPEAKER. 19 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:01,200 HELENE, PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY. 20 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:02,560 >>THANK YOU SO MUCH CATHERINE AND 21 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:03,760 GOOD AFTERNOON TO YOU ALL AND 22 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:04,880 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR TAKING 23 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:08,800 THE TIME TO JOIN US TODAY. 24 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:12,440 AT NCCIH, WE ALWAYS LOOK FORWARD 25 00:01:12,440 --> 00:01:14,080 TO THIS LECTURE EACH YEAR, IT'S 26 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:16,080 A VERY, VERY SPECIAL TIME TO 27 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:20,920 HONOR THE MEMORY OF AND LEGACY 28 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:23,200 OF DR. STEPHEN STRAUS WHO WAS 29 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:28,640 THE CENTER'S FOUNDING DIRECTOR 30 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:31,200 FROM 1999 TO 2006. 31 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:41,240 HIS TENURE AT NCCIH WAS TRULY 32 00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:44,080 FUNDAMENTAL, IMPLEMENTING 33 00:01:44,080 --> 00:01:45,280 PRACTICES WHILE UPHOLDING 34 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:48,080 INTEGRATION OF RIGOROUS SCIENCE. 35 00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:51,320 DR. STRAUS ALSO HELD THE 36 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:52,880 POSITION OF SENIOR INVESTIGATOR 37 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:55,760 AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 38 00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:57,320 ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 39 00:01:57,320 --> 00:01:57,720 OR NIAID. 40 00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:59,920 WHERE HE WAS A PIONEER IN 41 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:01,400 CONDUCTING RESEARCH ON THE 42 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:02,040 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRUSES IN 43 00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:02,760 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND AS WEB 44 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,600 CONNECTED ALL KNOW THIS IS A 45 00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:06,800 TOPIC OF TREMENDOUS IMPORTANCE 46 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:08,880 AS OUR POPULATION IS ALWAYS 47 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:10,400 BATTLING NEW CHALLENGES FROM 48 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:12,600 EMERGING VIRUSES ALL THE TIME. 49 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:17,520 ALL OF US AT NCCIH REMEMBER THIS 50 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:20,160 FONDLY AND WE MISS HIM. 51 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:21,080 WHILE MISS BARBARA STRAUS WAS 52 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:23,600 NOT ABLE TO JOIN US FOR THE LIVE 53 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:24,680 STREAM TODAY WE KNOW SHE LOOKS 54 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:26,160 FORWARD TO WATCHING THIS LECTURE 55 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:27,560 AT A GREATER TIME. 56 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:29,280 SHE IS ALWAYS A GREAT SUPPORTER 57 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:30,320 OF THIS ANNUAL EVENT. 58 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,840 I HAVE ALSO ADDITIONAL THANKS TO 59 00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:40,000 SHARE, VERY SPECIAL THANKS TO 60 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,200 MR. BERNARD AND BARBARA OSHER, 61 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:43,440 WHO MADE THIS POSSIBLE THROUGH 62 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:47,040 THEIR FOUNDATION FOR THE NIH. 63 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:49,240 MISS MARY BITTERMAN WHO IS 64 00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:51,640 PRESIDENT OF THE BERNARD 65 00:02:51,640 --> 00:02:57,520 FOUNDATION AND WATCHING TODAY, 66 00:02:57,520 --> 00:02:59,400 AND TRULY APPRECIATE THE FNIH'S 67 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:01,520 LONG-TERM PARTNERSHIP WITH 68 00:03:01,520 --> 00:03:02,160 NCCIHOT LECTURE SERIES. 69 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:04,040 THANK YOU ALL. 70 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:07,480 AND I WILL NOW WELCOME OUR 71 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:08,800 LECTURURE, DR. LAURA STROUD WHO 72 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,760 WILL SPEAK ON THE TOPIC OF FROM 73 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:15,200 THE MOUTHS OF BABES, WHAT CAN 74 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:17,080 RESEARCH ON BABIES, MOMS, 75 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:19,200 STRESS, AND SUBSTANCE USE TELL 76 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:20,760 US ABOUT RESILIENCE. 77 00:03:20,760 --> 00:03:24,600 WE ARE EXTREMELY PLEASED THAT 78 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:25,760 DR. STROUD COULD SHARE HER 79 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:28,080 THOUGHTS TODAY ON THIS 80 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:30,840 COMPELLING TOPIC. 81 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:32,280 DR. LAURA STROUD IS PART OF 82 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:33,320 HUMAN BEHAVIOR AT THE MEDICAL 83 00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:36,080 SCHOOL OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 84 00:03:36,080 --> 00:03:37,720 SHE'S ALSO DIRECTOR AND SENIOR 85 00:03:37,720 --> 00:03:39,560 RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AT THE 86 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:40,560 CENTER FOR BEHAVIAL AND 87 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:43,280 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE OF THE 88 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,360 MIRIAM HOSPITAL, DR. STROUD 89 00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:49,400 DIRECTS THE NIH FUNDED CENTER OF 90 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,360 BIOMEDICAL EXCELLENCE OR COBRA 91 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:53,200 FOR STRESS, TRAUMA AND 92 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:53,480 RESILIENCE. 93 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:55,840 WHERE SHE AND HER COLLEAGUES 94 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:01,800 STUDY CHILDHOOD STRESS, TRAUMA 95 00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:03,440 AND RESILIENCE ACROSS THE LIFE 96 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:05,920 SPAN, SHE HOLDS A PHASH D FROM 97 00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:07,440 YALE UNIVERSITY, COMPLETED A 98 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:09,840 POST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP AT 99 00:04:09,840 --> 00:04:12,720 BROWN AND JOINING FACULTY AND 100 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:13,840 HOLDS A SECONDARY OPOINTMENT 101 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:17,680 THEA THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC 102 00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:18,160 HEALTH. 103 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:19,600 DR. STRAUS'S WORK HAS BEEN 104 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:21,800 FUNDED BY SEVERAL INSTITUTES 105 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:23,600 SINCE 2001 INCLUDING THE 106 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:26,720 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL 107 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,000 SCIENCES AND THE SHRIVER 108 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:30,160 INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND 109 00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:32,080 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL 110 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:33,120 INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE, 111 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:35,000 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON 112 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:36,800 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 113 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:39,640 AND ALSO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 114 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:41,480 OF MENTAL HEALTH AND CANCER 115 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:43,320 INSTITUTES SO QUITE A 116 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:43,640 COLLECTION. 117 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:44,560 OTHERS INCLUDE THE SCIENCE 118 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,520 FOUNDATION, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 119 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:48,160 RESEARCH FOUNDATION, U.S. FOOD 120 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:49,600 AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND THE 121 00:04:49,600 --> 00:04:50,960 ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION 122 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:53,480 AND NOW, PLEASE WELCOME 123 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:55,920 DR. LAURA STROUD. 124 00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:59,520 >>THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 125 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:00,600 LOVELY INTRODUCTION. 126 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:02,200 I AM TRULY HONORED 127 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:03,400 AND DELIGHTED TO BE HERE. 128 00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:09,840 THANKS SO MUCH FOR THE 129 00:05:09,840 --> 00:05:12,280 INVITATION, DELIGHTED TO BE 130 00:05:12,280 --> 00:05:13,600 PARTNERING WITH NCCIH AND 131 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:14,840 DELIGHTED TO SEE INTERNS IN THE 132 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:18,040 KIND OF WORK THAT WE HAVE BEEN 133 00:05:18,040 --> 00:05:20,040 DOING, PARTICULARLY FOCUSING ON 134 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:21,800 THE EARLIEST ORIGINS OF HOUSING 135 00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:22,400 DISEASE AND SIMILAR FOCUS ON 136 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:24,040 SORT OF THE WHOLE PERSON, THE 137 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:25,920 WHOLE BODY. 138 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:27,920 AGAIN ANOTHER THANK TO YOU THE 139 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:31,840 NIH AS WELL AS THE BERNARD AND 140 00:05:31,840 --> 00:05:32,520 BARBARA OSHER FOUNDATION, I 141 00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:34,440 APPRECIATE THE GIFT AND JUST SO 142 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:35,600 HONORED BY THE INVITATION FOR 143 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:37,200 THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR 144 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:38,480 COMPLIMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE 145 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:39,960 HEALTH, REALLY APPRECIATE THE 146 00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:41,360 WHOLE TEAM OF PEOPLE WHO MADE 147 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:42,760 THIS LECTURE POSSIBLE AND 148 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:43,880 GETTING ALL THE TECHNICAL 149 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:44,960 ASPECTS RIGHT AND BEING SO 150 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:54,200 HELPFUL TO ME IN PUTTING THIS 151 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:54,480 TOGETHER. 152 00:05:54,480 --> 00:05:56,440 THANK YOU SO MUCH, WANT TO 153 00:05:56,440 --> 00:06:00,640 ACKNOWLEDGE THE MIRIAM HOSPITAL 154 00:06:00,640 --> 00:06:02,120 WHO HAS FOR OVER 30 YEARS 155 00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:04,400 SUPPORTED OUR CENTER FOR 156 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:05,120 BEHAVIORIAL AND PREVENTIVE 157 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:05,560 MEDICINE. 158 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:16,120 IT'S A RESEARCH CENTER THAT ALSO 159 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:17,640 DOES SIMILAR RESEARCH AND 160 00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:18,600 THEY'VE BEEN SUPPORTIVE OF THE 161 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:19,640 RESEARCH WE'VE BEEN DOING. 162 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:21,120 I HAVE NO CONFLICT BUT SOME OF 163 00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:22,240 THE RESEARCH THAT I'M TALKING 164 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:23,640 ABOUT TODAY WAS FUNDED BY THE 165 00:06:23,640 --> 00:06:26,200 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG 166 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:27,880 ABUSE, THE CENTER GRAND WE HAVE 167 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:29,480 IS FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL 168 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:30,920 INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL 169 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:33,160 SCIENCES AND WE ALSO RUN A T32 170 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:34,800 POST DOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM, 171 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:37,320 FOCUSED ON STRESS, TRAUMA AND 172 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:37,840 RESILIENCE. 173 00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:44,640 THAT'S FUNDED BY NICH D. 174 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:45,960 SO AGAIN, MANY, MANY REASONS TO 175 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:47,560 BE HONORED BY THIS LECTURE BUT I 176 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:50,600 WAS STRUCK BY THE NAME STRAUS, 177 00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:52,800 STIPICALLY IT'S SPELLED WITH 2 178 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:54,480 Ss, AND THE VERSION SPELLED 179 00:06:54,480 --> 00:06:56,920 WITH 1 S IS TYPICALLY A GERMAN 180 00:06:56,920 --> 00:06:58,240 JEWISH VARIATION AND IT HAPPENED 181 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,440 TO BE 2 GENERATIONS BACK, MY 182 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:00,640 NAME. 183 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,640 SO MY GRAND FARTHER WARNER 184 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:07,600 STRAUS CHANGED HIS NAME TO 185 00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:09,920 VERNON STROUD IN WORLD WAR II TO 186 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:11,400 ESCAPE RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION AND 187 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:15,760 I KIND OF POKED AROUND A BIT ON 188 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:18,040 THE WEB ABOUT DR. STRAUS AND IT 189 00:07:18,040 --> 00:07:20,560 SOUNDS LIKE HIS FAMILY HAD A 190 00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:22,480 EFTHIMIOS HISTORY OF ESCAPING 191 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:23,200 RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION AND ENDED 192 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:24,000 UP HAD THE UNITED STATES. 193 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,040 SO I THINK IT'S PARTICULARLY 194 00:07:27,040 --> 00:07:29,240 INTERESTING THAT THIS FOCUSES ON 195 00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:30,800 TRAUMA AND RESILIENCE GIVEN THE 196 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:32,960 LEVEL THAT DR. STRAUS AND HIS 197 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:34,600 FAMILY HAVE SHOWN IN ALL THE 198 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:37,200 WORK THAT HE DID. 199 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:40,480 SO I RUN THE BEHAVIOR AND MOOD 200 00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:42,120 OF BABIES ADULENCE ENSEL AND 201 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:43,400 MOTHERS OR ALABAMA LAB. 202 00:07:43,400 --> 00:07:45,960 OUR LAB IS FOCUSED ON THE BY O 203 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:47,840 BEHAVIORIAL DETERMINANTS OR SORT 204 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:49,360 OF MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO 205 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:53,160 THINGS LOAMACYIC MOOD DISORDERS, 206 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:54,040 STRESS, THE INTERGENERATION 207 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:56,360 TRANSMISSION OF STRESS AND 208 00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:56,720 SUBSTANCE USE. 209 00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:58,600 AND WE BELIEVE THAT EARLY 210 00:07:58,600 --> 00:07:59,200 DEVELOPMENT THAT THERE'S 211 00:07:59,200 --> 00:08:00,320 PARTICULAR SENSITIVE PERIODS OF 212 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:01,840 DEVELOPMENT THAT ARE REALLY 213 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:03,720 IMPORTANT TO STUDY SO THAT WE 214 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:05,720 CAN UNDERSTAND WHAT LEADS TO 215 00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:10,160 THESE LONG-TERM IMPLICATIONS FOR 216 00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:10,400 HEALTH. 217 00:08:10,400 --> 00:08:12,920 SO WE HAVE STARTED OUT WITH 218 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:15,360 INFANTS AND LOOKING FOR 219 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:17,440 BIOBEHAVIORIAL MARKERS OF 220 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:17,880 SUBSTANCE USE. 221 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:19,840 THIS IS--I'M JUST JOKING HERE, 222 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:21,240 THIS IS POTENTIALLY 1 BEHAVIOR 223 00:08:21,240 --> 00:08:22,960 THAT MIGHT INDICATE EXPOSURE TO 224 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:25,520 SMOKING AND/OR RISK FOR SMOKING, 225 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:27,400 BUT IN ALL SERIOUSNESS, WE ARE 226 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:30,160 LOOKING FOR BOTH BEHAVIOR AND 227 00:08:30,160 --> 00:08:31,000 BIOLOGICAL MARKERS THAT MIGHT 228 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:32,400 INDICATE RISK AND A POINT OF 229 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:34,960 INTERVENTION SO THAT WE CAN 230 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:36,840 HAPPEN STOP THE 231 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:37,800 INTERGENERATIONAL CYCLE OF 232 00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:40,280 SUBSTANCE USE, STRESS AND MOOD 233 00:08:40,280 --> 00:08:40,560 DISORDERS. 234 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,280 WE'VE ALSO IN ADDITION TO 235 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:45,360 BEHAVIOR BEEN VERY FOCUSED ON 236 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:46,080 THE STRESS RESPONSE. 237 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:47,680 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE 238 00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:49,760 STRESS RESPONSE AND HOW OUR 239 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:51,080 BODIES RESPOND TO STRESS MIGHT 240 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:55,960 BE A KEY LINK BETWEEN EARLY 241 00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:57,360 STRESS AND LIFE COURSE HEALTH. 242 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,560 FOR A WHILE WE'VE BEEN FOCUSING 243 00:09:00,560 --> 00:09:02,600 ON THE HORMONE CORTISOL WHICH 244 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:03,960 GOES UP WITH ACUTE STRESS AND 245 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,040 OVER TIME AND CAN KIND OF CHANGE 246 00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:06,880 AS DIFFERENT EVENTS HAPPEN IN 247 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:10,040 THEIR LIFE AND REPRESENTS A 248 00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:10,800 CUMULATIVE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT 249 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:11,840 STRESSES OF OUR LIFE AND WE'RE 250 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:16,080 INTERESTED IN SORTING SIGNALS OF 251 00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:17,120 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. 252 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:19,200 WHY SOME PEOPLE HAVE A MUCH 253 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:20,280 LARGER RESPONSE TO STRESS AND 254 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:22,160 SOME PEOPLE HAVE A LOWER 255 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:24,280 RESPONSE TO STREASES AND WHAT 256 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:25,400 CHANGES OUR STRESS RESPONSE? 257 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:26,960 SO I WILL TALK TODAY, I WILL 258 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:28,560 GIVE A LITTLE BACKGROUND ON 259 00:09:28,560 --> 00:09:30,040 EARLY STRESS AND ADVERSITY AND 260 00:09:30,040 --> 00:09:31,360 THE IMPACT OVER THE LIFE COURSE, 261 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:32,280 TALK ABOUT SOME OF THE RESEARCH 262 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:34,800 WE'VE DONE WITH MOTHERS, BABIES 263 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:35,640 AND SUBSTANCE USE. 264 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:38,480 TALK ABOUT WHAT THAT MIGHT MEAN 265 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:39,520 FOR RESILIENCE, AND THEN TALK 266 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:41,840 ABOUT SOME OF OUR BROADER 267 00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:42,400 INITIATIVES, PARTICULARLY 268 00:09:42,400 --> 00:09:43,160 TALKING ABOUT RESEARCH AT THE 269 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:44,760 CENTER FOR BEHAVIORIAL AND 270 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:48,480 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND OUR NEW 271 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:51,920 CENTER FOR STRESS, TRAUMA AND 272 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:52,280 RESILIENCE. 273 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:53,440 AND THE WAY WE'RE LOOKING AT 274 00:09:53,440 --> 00:09:59,720 STRESS AND TRAUMA IN OUR CENTER 275 00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:03,280 AND THEN CONCLUDE. 276 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:04,840 SO WHAT DO WE KNOW? 277 00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:06,280 ONE THING THAT'S BEEN SHOWN OVER 278 00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:07,360 LARGE BODIES OF RESEARCH IS HA 279 00:10:07,360 --> 00:10:08,400 OUR ENVIRONMENT AND THE 280 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:09,080 EXPERIENCE OVER THE FIRST 281 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:10,600 THOUSAND DAYS FROM CONCEPTION TO 282 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:13,400 2 YEARS OF AGE HAS AN ENORMOUS 283 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:15,000 IMPACT ON BOTH BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 284 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:16,040 AND LIFE LONG HEALTH. 285 00:10:16,040 --> 00:10:18,480 THINGS THAT HAPPEN TO US WHEN 286 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:20,600 WE'RE VERY YOUNG HAPPEN MUCH 287 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:22,680 LARGER IMPACT, THIS IS A 288 00:10:22,680 --> 00:10:23,600 SENSITIVE PERIOD OF BRAIN 289 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:25,600 DEVELOPMENT AND A SENSITIVE 290 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:27,800 PERIOD FOR LIFE LONG HEALTH. 291 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:28,920 SO EARLY INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 292 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:31,360 DURING THIS TIME MAY LEAD TO 293 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:33,520 LARGE DIFFERENCES OVER A 294 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:34,120 LIFETIME IN CHRONIC DISEASE. 295 00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:36,920 SO IF WE CAN HAVE AN IMPACT 296 00:10:36,920 --> 00:10:38,920 HERE, EARLY, WE MAY BE ABLE TO 297 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:40,840 CHANGE THE COURSE OF HEALTH AND 298 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:46,200 DISEASE OVER THE LIFE SPAN. 299 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,360 ANOTHER THING THAT WE KNOW IS 300 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:49,320 THAT ADVERSE CHILDHOOD 301 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:52,160 EXPERIENCES OR ACES ARE RELATED 302 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:54,240 TO LONG-TERM HEALTH. 303 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:55,720 ACES INCLUDE THINGS LIKE 304 00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:58,560 EMOTIONAL AND SEXUAL ABUSE, 305 00:10:58,560 --> 00:11:00,320 SUBSTANCE MATERNAL OR PATERNAL 306 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:03,320 SUBSTANCE USE, EXPOSURE TO 307 00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:05,520 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, PHYSICAL AND 308 00:11:05,520 --> 00:11:08,560 EMOTIONAL NEGLECT, DIVORCE, 309 00:11:08,560 --> 00:11:09,840 MENTAL ILLNESS, PARENTAL 310 00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:10,760 INCARCERATION AND HOMELESSNESS, 311 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:12,120 AND OTHER MAJOR STRESSFUL 312 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:15,760 EXPERIENCES THAT CAN IMPACT THE 313 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:16,160 LIVES OF CHILDREN. 314 00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:17,720 MORE RECENTLY, THE FIELD HAS 315 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,360 STARTED TO FOCUS A LOT ON 316 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:22,480 ADVERSE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT, 317 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:23,800 SO BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE 318 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:27,040 HOUSEHOLD WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF 319 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,240 POVERTY, OF DISCRIMINATION, 320 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:31,200 ONGOING CHRONIC DISCRIMINATION, 321 00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:31,800 COMMUNITY DISRUPTION, PLAQUE 322 00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:33,760 LACK OF OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC 323 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:35,520 MOBILITY AND SOCIAL CAPITAL, 324 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,160 POOR HOUSING QUALITY, 325 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:38,600 AFFORDABILITY AS WELL AS 326 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:39,160 VIOLENCE. 327 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:40,280 ALL THESE FACTORS WHEN CHILDREN 328 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:41,320 EXPERIENCE THEM EARLY IN LIFE, 329 00:11:41,320 --> 00:11:46,040 CAN HAVE A LIFE LONG IMPACT ON 330 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:46,280 HEALTH. 331 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:49,920 THEY CAN IMPACT SYSTEMS RANGING 332 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:52,320 FROM IMMUNE SYSTEM AND 333 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:53,080 INFLAMMATION, PHYSIOLOGY AND 334 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:55,200 STRESS RESPONSE, HEGHT BEHAVIORS 335 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:57,320 SUCH AS SUBSTANCE USE, PHYSICAL 336 00:11:57,320 --> 00:11:59,000 AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 337 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:02,280 MENTAL HEALTH AND CONNITION AND 338 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:02,640 RELATIONSHIP. 339 00:12:02,640 --> 00:12:04,760 EVEN EARLY EXPOSURE TO ACES CAN 340 00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:08,000 EVEN LEAD TO EARLIER MORTALITY. 341 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:09,880 IN THE WAKE OF THE PANDEMIC WE 342 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:11,840 ALSO KNOW THAT EVEN MORE 343 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:15,080 CHILDREN AND FAMILIES ARE 344 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:17,000 EXPERIENCING STRESS, TRAUMA AND 345 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:18,840 SEEING UNPRECEDENT LEVEL OF 346 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:21,520 MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN 347 00:12:21,520 --> 00:12:22,360 CHILDREN AND IN PARENTS. 348 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:24,960 SO EVEN MORE IMPORTANT TO TRY TO 349 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:27,000 UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN BUILD 350 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:28,560 RESILIENCE AND THOSE WHO ARE 351 00:12:28,560 --> 00:12:30,480 EXPOSED TO STRESS AND TRAUMA AND 352 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:31,880 ALSO HOW WE CAN CHANGE OUR 353 00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:33,440 COMMUNITIES AND SOCIETIES TO 354 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:36,040 BETTER BEEN FIT FAMILIES AND 355 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:36,280 CHILDREN. 356 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:37,720 WE ALSO KNOW ON THE POSITIVE 357 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:39,800 SIDE THE PROTECTIVE EXPERIENCES 358 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:43,040 MAY PREVENT OR MITIGATE SOME OF 359 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:43,600 THESE EFFECTS. 360 00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:47,880 SO A COLLEAGUE OF MINE, 361 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:49,560 DR. JENNIFER HEATH 362 00:12:49,560 --> 00:12:51,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO IS OUR 363 00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:52,920 ADVISOR FOR OUR HEALTH CENTER 364 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:57,320 AND STRESS CENTER, TALKS ABOUT 365 00:12:57,320 --> 00:12:59,520 PACES, PROTECTIVE AND 366 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:01,480 COMPENSATORY EXPERIENCES, WHICH 367 00:13:01,480 --> 00:13:03,360 MAY BE FIRST ANTIDOTE TO ACES. 368 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:04,680 SO THIS IS THINGS LIKE 369 00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:06,160 RELATIONSHIPS AND RESOURCES THAT 370 00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:08,560 LEAD TO OPTIMAL 371 00:13:08,560 --> 00:13:09,240 NEURODEVELOPMENT, OPTIMAL SOCIAL 372 00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:12,360 AND EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE 373 00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:13,440 FUNCTIONING, HEALTHY BEHAVIORS, 374 00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:15,560 HELP KIDS ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENTAL 375 00:13:15,560 --> 00:13:17,520 MILESTONES AND ULTIMATELY 376 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:19,320 POTENTIALLY LEAD TO HEALTH AND 377 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:19,960 LONGEVITY. 378 00:13:19,960 --> 00:13:21,680 SO THESE CAN MITIGATE IF 379 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,160 CHILDREN ARE EXPOSED TO ACES, 380 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:26,960 THE PACES MAY MITIGATE THESE 381 00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:29,640 EFFECTS AND/OR MAY HELP TO 382 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:31,360 REMEDIATE LATER IN LIFE. 383 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:35,200 IN PARTICULAR WHAT WE KNOW ARE 384 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:36,760 PROTECTIVE EXPERIENCES INCLUDING 385 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:40,480 UNCONDITIONAL LOVE, PARENT BEING 386 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:44,880 IS AN ENORMOUS PROTECTOR, 387 00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:45,880 SENSITIVE AND POSITIVE 388 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:46,640 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT AND 389 00:13:46,640 --> 00:13:48,320 CHILD IS VERY PROTECTIVE EVEN IN 390 00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:49,880 THE FACE OF ADVERSITY. 391 00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:51,000 HAVING A BEST FRIEND, DOING 392 00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:52,120 THINGS TO HELP OTHERS IS 393 00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:55,480 SOMETHING ELSE THAT WE KNOW IS 394 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:56,600 BENEFICIAL. 395 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:00,920 HAVING A MENTOR, BEING PART OF A 396 00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:03,280 GROUP, HAVING HOBBIES AND BEING 397 00:14:03,280 --> 00:14:04,360 INVOLVED IN SPORTS OR PHYSICAL 398 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:06,360 ACTIVITIES AND THEN SORT OF THE 399 00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:07,800 BROADER CONTEXT, LIVING IN A 400 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:08,800 HOME THAT'S TYPICALLY CLEAN AND 401 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:09,680 SAFE ENOUGH TO EAT. 402 00:14:09,680 --> 00:14:11,000 HAVING A SCHOOL THAT PROVIDES 403 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:13,520 RESOURCES AND THE EXPERIENCES 404 00:14:13,520 --> 00:14:14,640 THAT KIDS NEED TO LEARN AND 405 00:14:14,640 --> 00:14:15,760 HAVING RULES IN THE HOME THAT 406 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:21,520 ARE CLEAR AND FAIRLY 407 00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:21,840 ADMINISTERED. 408 00:14:21,840 --> 00:14:24,160 WE ALSO KNOW THAT STRESS AND 409 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:25,680 ADVERSITY AND POTENTIALLY 410 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:27,240 POSITIVE EFFECTS LIKE RESILIENCE 411 00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:30,160 MAY BE TRANSMITTED FROM 1 412 00:14:30,160 --> 00:14:31,920 GENERATION TO THE NEXT. 413 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:33,520 SO PARENTS HAVE A HISTORY OF 414 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:34,800 DEPRESSION OR SUBSTANCE USE, WE 415 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:36,080 KNOW THEIR KIDS ARE ALSO AT 416 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:38,600 GREATER RISK FOR HAVING SIMILAR 417 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:38,840 DISORDERS. 418 00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:40,520 BUT WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS 419 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:41,920 UNDERSTAND HOW THAT TRANSMISSION 420 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:43,240 HAPPENS AND PARTICULARLY HOW IT 421 00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:45,240 HAPPENS EARLY IN LIFE, SO THAT 422 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:48,760 WE MIGHT INTERVENE TO PREVENT 423 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:48,920 IT. 424 00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:51,520 SO FOR A LONG TIME THERE WAS A 425 00:14:51,520 --> 00:14:53,560 LITERATURE IN ANIMAL MODELS THAT 426 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:55,200 SHOWED THAT STRESS DURING 427 00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:58,400 PREGNANCY HAD A VERY PROFOUND 428 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:00,760 IMPACT ON OFFSPRING THROUGHOUT 429 00:15:00,760 --> 00:15:02,400 THEIR LIFE SPAN. 430 00:15:02,400 --> 00:15:04,680 AND A FEW DECADES AGO, INITIAL 431 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:06,760 RESEARCH IN HUMANS STARTED TO 432 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:08,600 SHOW THE FIRST 9 MONTHS OF LIFE 433 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:14,200 MAY IMPACT YOUR HOLE LIFE 434 00:15:14,200 --> 00:15:14,840 TRAJECTORY OF HEALTH. 435 00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:16,440 AND THE WAY THIS IS BELIEVED TO 436 00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:18,560 HAPPEN IS SOMETHING CALLED 437 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:20,040 PRENATAL PROGRAMMING, SO STRESS 438 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:21,800 OR NUTRITION, DIFFERENCES IN 439 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:23,120 STRESS AND NUTRITION MAY ALTER 440 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,200 THE MOTHERS BIOLOGY AS WELL AS 441 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:29,120 FETAL BIOLOGY, LEADING TO 442 00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:30,480 DIFFERENCES IN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 443 00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:32,880 AND PHYSIOLOGIC SYSTEM 444 00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:33,400 DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING. 445 00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:35,520 SO THIS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, 446 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:36,480 DURING PREGNANCY MAY BE 447 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:39,280 PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR CHILD 448 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:41,600 AND LONG-TERM HEALTH, NOW OFTEN 449 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:42,640 STUDIES IN HUMANS EVEN THOUGH 450 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:44,400 THEY'RE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND 451 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:45,200 MATERNAL EXPERIENCE DURING 452 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:47,520 PREGNANCY, HAVE NOT SO MUCH 453 00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:48,640 MEASURED EXPERIENCE IN THE FETUS 454 00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:49,800 DURING THIS PERIOD, SO THAT'S 455 00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:54,600 SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE DONE IN 456 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:55,480 OUR RESEARCH. 457 00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:57,680 WE'VE ALSO BEEN VERY INTERESTED 458 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:00,320 IN THE PLACENTA, AN ORGAN THAT 459 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:01,200 DEVELOPS ONLY DURING PREGNANCY 460 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:02,800 AND NO LONGER WITH US AFTER 461 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:05,000 PREGNANCY AND IT'S A MASTER 462 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:05,480 REGULATOR OF THE FETAL 463 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:07,480 ENVIRONMENT AND THE WAY THAT THE 464 00:16:07,480 --> 00:16:08,120 MOTHER AND THE FETUS, 1 OF THE 465 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:11,000 WAYS THAT THE MOTHER AND THE 466 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:12,040 FETUS COMMUNICATE, NUTRITION IS 467 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:15,240 SHARED BETWEEN MOTHER AND FETUS, 468 00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:16,880 AND IT'S TISSUE THAT IS READILY 469 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:18,120 AVAILABLE AT BIRTH. 470 00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:21,000 SO WE LOOKED A LITTLE BIT AT 471 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:22,240 GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC PATHWAYS 472 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:24,840 TO LOOK AT FOR FOOTPRINTS OF 473 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:27,240 EXPOSURE AS WELL AS POTENTIAL 474 00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:30,920 MECHANISMS LEADING TO OFFSPRING 475 00:16:30,920 --> 00:16:31,440 BEHAVIORIAL CHANGES. 476 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:32,720 SO JUST ANOTHER WAY TO THINK 477 00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:34,680 ABOUT IT, THE EARLY STRESS AND 478 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:37,480 IN OUR LAB WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT 479 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:44,240 SUBSTANCE USE, MAY LEAD TO 480 00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:45,320 BIOLOGICAL AND THEY MAY AFFECT 481 00:16:45,320 --> 00:16:47,280 THINGS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN BUT 482 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,600 PARTICULARLY DURING PERIODS OF 483 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:51,360 DEVELOPMENT LEADING TO POOR 484 00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:52,560 PHYSICAL ASK MENTAL HEALTH 485 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:52,960 OUTCOMES. 486 00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:56,160 SO WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED IN OUR 487 00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:56,760 RESEARCH. 488 00:16:56,760 --> 00:16:58,440 WE CAN RESEARCH WHETHER MODELS 489 00:16:58,440 --> 00:16:59,160 OF INTERGENERATIONAL STRESS 490 00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:03,880 MIGHT ALSO APPLY TO SUBSTANCE 491 00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:04,680 USE AND PREGNANCY. 492 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:05,680 MATERNAL SMOKING IS 1 OF THE 493 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:07,400 SUBSTANCES THAT WE'VE LOOKED AT. 494 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:10,720 IT IS THE MOST COMMON ARGUABLY 495 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:12,960 PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE IN THE 496 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:13,160 WORLD. 497 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:15,160 IN THE UNITED STATES, RATES OF 498 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:18,200 SMOKING ARE PARTICULARLY HIGH IN 499 00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:19,760 DISADVANTAGED WOMEN INCLUDING 500 00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:21,480 YOUNG, POOR AND LESS EDUCATED 501 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:22,600 WOMEN AND ALSO CERTAIN 502 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:24,160 PARLIAMENTS OF OUR COUNTRY, IN 503 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:26,360 THE SOUTH AND MIDWEST, RATES OF 504 00:17:26,360 --> 00:17:27,800 SMOKING ARE HIGHER. 505 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:29,640 SO DEPENDING WHO AND WHEN AND 506 00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:32,240 HOW YOU ASK, 7-25% OF U.S. WOMEN 507 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:34,640 CONTINUE TO SMOKE IN PREGNANCY. 508 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:36,480 ALTHOUGH A GOOD NUMBER OF WOMEN 509 00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:38,000 ALSO QUIT DURING PREGNANCY WHICH 510 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:40,800 IS IMPORTANT WHEN WE START TO 511 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:41,480 THINK ABOUT RESILIENCE. 512 00:17:41,480 --> 00:17:44,160 WE KNOW THAT SMOKING, SIMILAR TO 513 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:45,680 PRENATAL STRESS AND SIMILAR TO 514 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:49,480 EARLY LIFE STRESS IS ASSOCIATED 515 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:50,600 WITH OUTCOMES ACROSS 516 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:51,760 DEVELOPMENT. 517 00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:53,880 SO IN NEWBORNS IT IS CAUSEALLY 518 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:56,640 RELATED TO SUDDEN INFANT DEATH 519 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:59,600 SYNDROME, LOW BIRTH WAY AND 520 00:17:59,600 --> 00:17:59,920 PREMATURITY. 521 00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:01,880 IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND 522 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:03,880 DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS HAVE BEEN 523 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:05,640 LINKED TO SMOKING DURING 524 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:07,240 PREGNANCY, IN ADOLESCENCE WE SEE 525 00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:09,680 ADHD AS WELL AS DISRUPTIVE 526 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:11,600 BEHAVIORS AND THE UPTAKE OF 527 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:12,080 SMOKING. 528 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:14,960 SO IN THIS IS THE 529 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:15,560 INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION 530 00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:23,520 OF SUBSTANCE USE AND IN ADULTS 531 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:24,800 NICOTINE DEENSEL. 532 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:30,160 SOMETIMES AS A HARM REDUCTION 533 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:34,320 STRATEGY, THEY PERCEIVE 534 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:36,160 E-CIGARETTES AS SAFER THAN 535 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:38,320 TRADITIONAL CIGARETTES. 536 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:39,400 THE LITERATURE SHOWS THAT 537 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:40,560 THEY'RE ASSOCIATED WITH SIMILAR 538 00:18:40,560 --> 00:18:42,800 BIRTH OUTCOMES TO CIGARETTES 539 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:44,640 DURING PREGNANCY AND NICOTINE 540 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:47,680 ITSELF, THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT, 541 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:48,920 THE ADDICTIVE CHEMICAL IN 542 00:18:48,920 --> 00:18:51,960 SMOKING IS PRESENT IN 543 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:53,760 E-CIGARETTES SO IT CAN AFFECT 544 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:54,280 INFAPTS. 545 00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:55,920 HOWEVER THERE'S BEEN MUCH LESS 546 00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:57,360 RESEARCH EVEN THOUGH WE KNOW WE 547 00:18:57,360 --> 00:18:58,680 HAVE SEEN THESE LONG-TERM 548 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:00,760 OUTCOMES FROM SUBSTANCE USE AND 549 00:19:00,760 --> 00:19:01,680 PREGNANCY RELATED TO TO BACK O 550 00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:03,000 AT THE TIME WE STARTED DOING 551 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:03,840 THIS RESEARCH. 552 00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:05,400 THERE WAS VERY LITTLE ON THE 553 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:06,760 EARLY EFFECTS ON DEVELOPMENT AND 554 00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:10,560 AGAIN, WE WANTED TO STUDY, STUDY 555 00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:12,280 KIDS EARLY SO THAT WE MIGHT 556 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:14,360 INTERVENE TO MAKE CHANGES ACROSS 557 00:19:14,360 --> 00:19:14,720 THE LIFE COURSE. 558 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:18,120 SO WE USE SOMETHING CALLED THE 559 00:19:18,120 --> 00:19:19,880 Ns, THE NICKUE NETWORK 560 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:20,360 NEUROBEHAVIORIAL SCALE. 561 00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:25,120 SO THIS IS THE COMBINATION OF A 562 00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:26,560 SCALE THAT A DOCTOR THAT A 563 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:28,120 MEASURE MIGHT DO LOOKING AT TONE 564 00:19:28,120 --> 00:19:29,240 AND REFLEXES IN YOUR BABY. 565 00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:31,840 ALSO LOOK AT BEHAVIORS, SO 566 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,080 BEHAVIORIAL RESPONSE TO 567 00:19:34,080 --> 00:19:36,200 DIFFERENT STIMULI, LIKE A BALL 568 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:39,040 OR RATTLE, A SOUND AS WELL AS 569 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:39,400 SOCIAL STIMULI. 570 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:43,360 HOW WELL THE BABY WILL LOOK INTO 571 00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:44,280 THE EXAMINERS EYES WHILE THEY'RE 572 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:45,240 TALKING TO THE BABY. 573 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:48,760 WE ALSO LOOK FOR SIGNS OF 574 00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:49,960 STRESS, AND SIGNS OF ABSENCE, 575 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:52,120 SOPHISTICATED SOME OF THESE MAY 576 00:19:52,120 --> 00:19:54,080 EVEN OVERLAP WITH WHAT 1 SEES 577 00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:55,240 AFTER EXPOSE TOWER OPIATES. 578 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:58,480 SO WE WANTED TO SEE HOW BABIES 579 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:00,200 OF MOTHERS WHO SMOKED LOOKED IN 580 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:01,360 THE VERY EARLY NEW BORN PERIOD. 581 00:20:01,360 --> 00:20:04,160 SO THIS EXAM CAN BE ADMINISTERED 582 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:05,840 IN THE FIRST DAY OF LIFE ALL THE 583 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:07,480 WAY UP TO 1 MONTH. 584 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:12,440 SO WHAT WE FOUND IS THERE'S 585 00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:14,200 ACTUALLY DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS 586 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:16,440 THAT WHEN BABIES ARE 1-2 DAYS 587 00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:18,440 OLD IN A HOSPITAL VERSUS LATER 588 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:20,440 ON AT 10-30 DAYS. 589 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:22,440 NICKEE TEEN ISSUES THE ADDICTIVE 590 00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:24,200 CHEMICAL IN SMOKING HAS A VERY 591 00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:26,600 SHORT HALF LIFE SO BY 10-30 DAYS 592 00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:28,320 TYPICALLY NICKEE TEEN WOULD HAVE 593 00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:30,360 LEFT THE BABY'S SYSTEM FROM 594 00:20:30,360 --> 00:20:31,680 EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY SO WE 595 00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:34,000 SEE IN THE IMMEDIATE NEW BORN 596 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:35,760 PERIOD, WE SEE SIGNS OF STRESS 597 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:36,760 AND MUSCLE TENSION. 598 00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:38,560 WHEREAS IN THE LATTER 30, IN 599 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:42,240 AFTER A MONTH WE SEE EFFECTS ON 600 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:44,040 SELF-SOOTHING, INABILITY TO 601 00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:44,480 SELF-REGULATE. 602 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:47,600 THE ABILITY TO SELF-REGULATE AT 603 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:49,680 AS INFANT HAS BEEN TIED TO LATER 604 00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:50,640 CERTAINLY--CERTAINLY MOTION 605 00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:50,960 REGULATION. 606 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:53,240 SO AND THEN ACROSS BOTH THE NEW 607 00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:55,440 BORN AND LEADER INFANT PERIOD, 608 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:57,640 WE SEE A NEED FOR HANDLING THE 609 00:20:57,640 --> 00:20:59,960 EXAMINER IN ORDER TO HELP THE 610 00:20:59,960 --> 00:21:01,280 INFANT MAINTAIN A CALM STATE 611 00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:02,040 NEEDED TO IRPT VENE MORE. 612 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:04,360 SO IF WE THINK OF MOMS WHO ARE 613 00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:07,240 SMOKING WHO ARE ALSO TYPICALLY 614 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:08,360 MORE DISADVANTAGED, HAVE LESS 615 00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:10,720 SUPPORT, ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE 616 00:21:10,720 --> 00:21:11,760 AN UNPLANNED PREGINANCE TOW HAVE 617 00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:15,760 A BABY WHO'S JUST BORN SLIGHTLY 618 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:17,400 MORE ACEROUSABLE, NEEDING 619 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:18,680 SLIGHTLY MORE ATTENTION, IT MAY 620 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:19,920 BE A COMBINATION THAT OVERTIME 621 00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:24,240 CAN LEAD TO LONGER TERM EFFECTS. 622 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:26,920 WE ALSO SAW WITH ATTENTION HOW 623 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:28,760 WELL THE BABY ATTENDED TO THE 624 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:31,680 STIMULI DURING THE EXAM, IT ALSO 625 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:33,440 CHANGED OVER THE 30 DAYS. 626 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:35,320 AT THE BEGINNING NOT TOO MUCH 627 00:21:35,320 --> 00:21:37,200 BETWEEN THE GROUP OF MOTHERS WHO 628 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:38,400 SMOKED AND THOSE WHO WERE 629 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,680 EXPOSED TO MOTHER WHO IS DIDN'T 630 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:40,920 SMOKE. 631 00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:42,920 BUT THE FIRST 30 DAYS WE SEE 632 00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:44,040 THESE DIFFERENCES WIDEN SO THAT 633 00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:47,240 BY 30 DAYS YOU SEE A PRETTY BIG 634 00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:48,160 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BABIES AND 635 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:49,800 MOTHER WHO IS SMOKE VERSUS THOSE 636 00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:50,280 WHO DON'T. 637 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:51,840 I WILL NOTE THAT WE EXPANDED 638 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:56,720 THIS SCALE SO THAT CAN YOU SEE 639 00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:58,440 THE EFFECTS MAGNIFIED SO THEIR 640 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:01,040 MEASURABLE EFFECTS, BUT THEY'RE 641 00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:02,560 STILL SUBTLE AND THAT'S 642 00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,080 IMPORTANT FOR THINKING ABOUT 643 00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:05,360 RESILIENCE. 644 00:22:05,360 --> 00:22:06,360 SO WHAT WE'RE SEE SUGGEST A 645 00:22:06,360 --> 00:22:09,200 PROFILE OF A SMOKING EXPOSED 646 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:12,840 BABY THAT INCLUDES INCREASED 647 00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:13,520 IRRITABILITY, DIFDIFFICULTY IN 648 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:15,440 SELF-SOOTHING AND ALTERATIONS IN 649 00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:16,760 ATTENTION AS WELL AS SOME SIGNS 650 00:22:16,760 --> 00:22:18,160 OF STRESS AND WITHDRAWAL. 651 00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:20,200 SO PERHAPS THEY WOULD NEED TO BE 652 00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:25,920 ON A PACIFIER PATCH. 653 00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:28,840 WE ALSO WANT TO LOOK AT STRESS 654 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:30,560 RESPONSE WHICH WE GOT FROM THE 655 00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:33,040 MOUTH OF BABES, LITTLE SALIVA 656 00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:34,440 SAMPLES BEFORE AND AFTER THE 657 00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:36,600 BEHAVIORIAL EXAM. 658 00:22:36,600 --> 00:22:39,680 AND THE BEHAVIORIAL EXAM MIMICS 659 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:41,560 A DAILY STRESSOR IN THE DAY OF 660 00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:43,880 THE LIFE OF AN INFANT, GETTING 661 00:22:43,880 --> 00:22:46,080 CLOSED PUT ON, HELD BY 1 PERSON, 662 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:46,920 THEN ANOTHER, BETTING PUT DOWN 663 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:48,560 SO THIS IS A WAY FOR US TO LOOK 664 00:22:48,560 --> 00:22:51,080 AT HOW THE BABY IS RESPONDING TO 665 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:51,840 DAILY LIFE STRESSORS. 666 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:55,800 AND WHAT WE FOUND IS REDUCED 667 00:22:55,800 --> 00:22:56,960 STRESS RESPONSE IN THE BABIES OF 668 00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:01,600 MOTHER WHO IS SMOKED SO THEY 669 00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:03,840 DIDN'T MOUNT THE SAME LEVEL OF 670 00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:05,440 CORTISOL RESPONSE TO STRESSORS 671 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:07,040 TO INFANTS THAT ARE NOT EXPOSED 672 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:07,960 TO SMOKING DID. 673 00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:09,760 SO THIS SUGGESTS THEY MAY 674 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,800 NOT--WHILE THEY'RE HAVING A 675 00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:13,240 HEIGHTENED BEHAVIORIAL RESPONSE 676 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:13,960 TO DAILY STRESSORS, THEY'RE 677 00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:15,760 HAVING SORT OF A LOWER 678 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:18,840 PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE AND THAT 679 00:23:18,840 --> 00:23:20,760 COMBINATION MAY SET THEM UP FOR 680 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,120 A LONGER TERM DIFFICULTIES. 681 00:23:23,120 --> 00:23:25,160 WE'RE ALSO INTERESTED IN HOW 682 00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:27,160 SMOKING AFFECTED THE PLACENTA. 683 00:23:27,160 --> 00:23:29,680 AND WHETHER THESE CHANGES IN THE 684 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:31,840 PLACENTA MIGHT ALSO IMPACT 685 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:32,920 INFANT CORTISOL IN 686 00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:35,440 NEUROBEHAVIOR, WORKING WITH MY 687 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:38,520 WONDERFUL COLLEAGUE CARMEN 688 00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:40,840 MARSET AND TODD EVERSON, WE HAVE 689 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,200 LOOKED AT METHYLATION AS WELL AS 690 00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:44,400 EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND GENE 691 00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:46,480 EXPRESSION CHANGES AND WE FOUND 692 00:23:46,480 --> 00:23:47,280 PATTERNS THAT WERE CONSISTENT 693 00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:48,240 WITH ALTERATIONS IN THE 694 00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:49,520 STRETIONZ RESPONSE, GROWTH 695 00:23:49,520 --> 00:24:00,040 BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS AS NICOTINE 696 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:04,400 METABOLISM. 697 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:06,400 MOTHERS WHO SMOKED DURING 698 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:09,000 PREGNANCY MAY NOT BE MOUNTING AN 699 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:10,240 ADEQUATE RESPONSE TO DAILY 700 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:12,200 STRESSORS AND THIS MAY BE 701 00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:13,400 MEDIATED BY THE PLACENTA AND 702 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,120 HELP US UNDERSTAND HOW SUBSTANCE 703 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:16,320 USE IS TRANSMIT FRIDAY 1 704 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:19,080 GENERATION TO ANOTHER OR HOW 705 00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:21,960 STRESS IS TRANSMITTED 706 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:22,320 BIOLOGICALLY. 707 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:23,520 SO THEN WE WONDERED IF WE CAN 708 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:25,520 SEE EFFECTS AT DAY 1 OR 2 OF 709 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:27,760 LIFE, CAN WE SEE THEM EARLIER, 710 00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:28,760 CAN WE USE ULTRASOUND TO 711 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:30,960 ELECTRIC AT WHAT BABIES ARE 712 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:35,640 DOING BEFORE THEY'RE BORN? 713 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:38,320 SO MY COLLEAGUE AMY 714 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,240 [INDISCERNIBLE] DEVELOPED 715 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:42,720 SOMETHING CALLED THE FENS WHICH 716 00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:44,840 IS A COMPLEMENT TO THE ENDS AND 717 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:46,080 THE MEASURES SOME OF THE SAME 718 00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:47,440 DOMAINS WE MEASURED IN INFANCY. 719 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:50,400 WE CAN LOOK AT FETAL HEART RATE 720 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:52,080 WE CAN LOOK AT MOTOR BEHAVIOR 721 00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:53,360 AND ACTIVITY LEVEL, BEHAVIORIAL 722 00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:55,560 STATE AND RESPONSES TO STIMULI. 723 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:58,840 SO WE CAN SEE TYPICALLY 724 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:00,160 ULTRASOUNDS ARE USED TO TASK FOR 725 00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:02,560 LEVEL OF FLUID OR BABY SIZE, 726 00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:04,080 SORT OF MEDICAL ISSUES BUT IT'S 727 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:06,160 ALSO, WE CAN ACTUALLY RECORD THE 728 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:08,880 VIDEOS ISSUE THE ULTRASOUND AND 729 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:10,800 CODE THEM FOR BEHAVIOR AND OTHER 730 00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:11,800 ASPECTS AND ALSO MEASURE HEART 731 00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:12,200 RATE. 732 00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:13,800 SO IN THE FIRST SET OF STUDIES, 733 00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:21,280 WE LOOKED AT RESPONSE TO A 734 00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:23,400 VIBEERAL ACOUSTICS AND IT'S 735 00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:25,120 APPLIED TO THE ABDOMEN AND WE 736 00:25:25,120 --> 00:25:27,000 LOOKED AT HOW FETUSES RESPONDED. 737 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:30,160 AND WE FOUND THAT FETUSES WHO 738 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:31,360 SMOKED HAD INCREASED WEB 739 00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:32,000 CONNECTED HAIEVERRIAL ACTIVITY 740 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:35,200 AT BASE LINE AND AFTER THE VIBE 741 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:36,040 ROUGH ATOM ACOUSTIC STIMULI. 742 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:38,160 AND THEN WE LOOKED AT BEFORE 29 743 00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:41,120 WEEKS AND AFTER, WE FOUND 744 00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:42,600 SIMILAR AFFECTS BUT THEY WERE 745 00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:44,080 MORE PROON NOUNSED IN PREGNANCY 746 00:25:44,080 --> 00:25:47,400 WHEN THE BABY HAD MORE ROOM TO 747 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:48,000 MOVE AROUND. 748 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,600 WE THEN WANTED TO SEE HOW THE 749 00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:51,680 FETUS MIGHT RESPOND TO A SOCIAL 750 00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:54,760 STIMULI SO WE RECORDED MOM 751 00:25:54,760 --> 00:25:56,000 READING, ARE MY MY MOTHER AS 752 00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:57,200 WELL AS I STRANGER READING THE 753 00:25:57,200 --> 00:25:58,680 SAME SORTING SIGNALS EXPE WE CAN 754 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:00,520 LOOK AT HOW THE FETUS RESPONSES 755 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:02,480 TO MOTHERS VOICE VERSUS A 756 00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:04,320 STRANGERS VOICE. 757 00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:10,200 AND HERE, PARALLELLING WHAT WE 758 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:12,960 SAW WITH CORTISOL, WE SAW IN 759 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,080 FETUSES IN MOTHERS WHO SMOKED 760 00:26:15,080 --> 00:26:16,880 SHOWED LOWER HEART RATE RESPONSE 761 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,400 TO HEARING THEIR MOTHER TALK AT 762 00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:21,640 27 WEEKS AND MORE SO AT 33 763 00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:21,960 WEEKS. 764 00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:24,560 SO BABIES OF MOTHERS WHO SMOKED 765 00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:26,280 ARE SHOWING SLIGHT, THESE SORT 766 00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:28,760 OF SUBTLE ALTERATIONS IN BOTH 767 00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:33,760 PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR EVEN 768 00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:34,680 BEFORE THEY'RE BORN. 769 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:36,960 SO YOU CAN SEE SUBTLE VARIATIONS 770 00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:40,560 DURING DEVELOPMENT AND WE CAN 771 00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:44,560 SEE INITIAL DETECTION OF FETAL 772 00:26:44,560 --> 00:26:45,960 ACEROUSED BEHAVIORIAL LOW BUT 773 00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:47,040 NOT AUTONOMICALLY AND SO THIS 774 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:49,760 MIGHT HELP US UNDERSTAND WHICH 775 00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:51,840 BABIES MIGHT BE MORE AFFECTED BY 776 00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:52,600 SUBSTANCE USE AND PREGNANCY AS 777 00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:55,840 WELL AS GIVE USA I WAY TO SEE IF 778 00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:56,840 INTERVENTIONS WE'RE DOING MIGHT 779 00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:59,640 BE CHANGING FETAL BEHAVIOR AND 780 00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:00,200 FETAL DEVELOPMENT. 781 00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:01,960 SO 1 OTHER THING THAT WE KNOW 782 00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:03,320 ABOUT SMOKING SIMILAR TO A LOT 783 00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:06,520 OF OTHER STRESSES INCLUDING 784 00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:07,280 EARLY CHILDHOOD, ADVERSITY, 785 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:09,280 SMOKING IS NOT A RANDOM 786 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:09,680 EXPOSURE. 787 00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:12,080 SO MOTHERS WHO SMOKED DURING 788 00:27:12,080 --> 00:27:13,920 PREGNANCY ARE LESS LIKELY TO 789 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:14,720 RECEIVE ADEQUATE PRENATAL CARE 790 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:17,720 AND MORE LIKELY TO USE OTHER 791 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:18,840 SUBSTANCES, TYPICALLY OF HIGHER 792 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:20,480 STRESS LEVELS AND MORE 793 00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:21,320 PROBLEMATIC RERELATIONSHIPS AND 794 00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:23,120 ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE AN 795 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:23,800 UNPLANNED PREGNANCY AND MAY OR 796 00:27:23,800 --> 00:27:25,560 MAY NOT HAVE A PARTNER INVOLVED 797 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:29,960 AND MORE LIKELY TO HAVE MULTIPLE 798 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:31,400 CHILDREN. 799 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:33,040 SO WE WONDERED, WHAT MIGHT 800 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,000 LOOKING AT BEING EXPOSED TO MORE 801 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:36,640 THAN 1 SUBSTANCE USE DO? 802 00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:37,840 WOULD THAT HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS 803 00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:40,120 OR WOULD THAT SORT OF MAGNIFY 804 00:27:40,120 --> 00:27:42,000 THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE USE IN 805 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:46,720 PREGNANCY AND THEN, WE CAN WE 806 00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:47,680 CAN BROADEN THIS THOUGHT TO 807 00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:50,920 THINKING ABOUT ALL THE 808 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:53,000 EXPOSESOME WIDE, THE RANGE OF 809 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:54,640 EXPOSURE TO MANAGERS THAT USE 810 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:56,640 SUBSTANCES ARE ALSO EXPLOAZED 811 00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:57,600 POETIC, INCLUDING STRESS, 812 00:27:57,600 --> 00:27:59,400 POVERTY AND INCLUDING NOT HAVING 813 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:02,360 A SUPPORT SUPPORTIVE PARTNER IN 814 00:28:02,360 --> 00:28:02,640 THE PICTURE. 815 00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:04,320 SO WE FIFORTD IN OUR INITIAL 816 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:06,720 SETTING WE LOOKED AT MARIJUANA 817 00:28:06,720 --> 00:28:08,640 CO-USE, SO THERE'S BEEN ENORMOUS 818 00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:10,320 INCREASE IN USE OF MARIJUANA 819 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:12,080 AROUND OUR COUNTRY WITH THE 820 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:13,440 LEGALIZATION AND MEDICALIZATION 821 00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:20,840 OF MARIJUANA. 822 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:22,360 INCLUDING DURING PREGNANCY. 823 00:28:22,360 --> 00:28:23,720 SO WOMEN USED MARIJUANA WHEN 824 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:27,000 THEY USE TOBACCO AND AMONG WOMEN 825 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:30,160 WHO USE MARIJUANA, 66-75% USE 826 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:31,600 TOBACCO WITH MARIJUANA WHETHER 827 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:33,880 CO ADMINISTERED AS A BLUNT OR 828 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:36,160 SEPARATELY, SO CIGARETTE AND 829 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,600 SMOKING MARIJUANA OR ESIGNATURES 830 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:39,760 OR OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS. 831 00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:44,440 AND WE FOUND THAT TOBACCO PLUS 832 00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:45,720 MARIJUANA EXPOSED INFANTS EXPOSE 833 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:47,280 TO GREATER CHANGES IN THEIR 834 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,080 BEHAVIOR, THEY ARE LESS ABLE TO 835 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,040 SELF-SOOTHE AND HAD EVEN GREATER 836 00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:53,320 NEED FOR AN EXAMINER TO 837 00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:58,080 INTERVENE TO HELP THEM MAINTAIN 838 00:28:58,080 --> 00:28:58,480 A CALM STATE. 839 00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:00,680 WE ALSO FOUND THAT MARIJUANA 840 00:29:00,680 --> 00:29:04,800 USERS SHOWED EVEN MORE ATTENUATE 841 00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:06,840 OR REDUCED CORTISOL RESPONSE, 842 00:29:06,840 --> 00:29:08,960 COMPARED THOSE WHAT ARE TOBACCO 843 00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:11,000 EXPOSED AND INFANTS THAT ARE NOT 844 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,080 EXPOSED TO INFANTS DURING 845 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:14,360 PREGNANCY. 846 00:29:14,360 --> 00:29:16,360 SO INFANTS OF WOMEN WHO USE MAR 847 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:18,400 JUAN IN THIS ADDITION TO TO BACK 848 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:20,400 O SHOWED MORE CHANGES TO 849 00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:21,280 BEHAVIOR AND STRESS RESPONSE. 850 00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:23,000 THIS HELPS US UNDERSTAND THAT 851 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:24,200 EXPOSE TOWER SUBSTANCES DON'T 852 00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:26,280 OCCUR IN ISOLATION AND BECAUSE 853 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:28,720 OF THIS MAY LEAD TO IMPACT OF 854 00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:37,120 THE NEXT GENERATION, THE LARGER 855 00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:38,000 SOCIAL CONTEXT MATTERS. 856 00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:38,800 SO MANY, MANY OTHERS ARE TALKING 857 00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:39,760 ABOUT THE GERONTOLOGYSTS MEMORY 858 00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:43,680 CLONE AND OTHER OMES, OTHER 859 00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:44,360 BIOLOGICAL OMES, WE HAVE STARTED 860 00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:48,240 TO TALK ABOUT THE EXPOSE OHM, SO 861 00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:53,200 CAPTURING THE TOTALITY OF 862 00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:54,480 LIFETIME TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 863 00:29:54,480 --> 00:29:55,640 THE HELT. 864 00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:57,960 ALSO LESS LIKELY TO ANSWER 865 00:29:57,960 --> 00:29:58,720 POTENTIALLY LESS LIKELY TO EAT 866 00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:01,520 HEALTHY AND MAY BE LIVING IN THE 867 00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:03,400 ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE NOT 868 00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:06,480 CONDUCIVE TO HEALTH, FEWER GREEN 869 00:30:06,480 --> 00:30:07,680 SPACES, MORE POLLUTION, 870 00:30:07,680 --> 00:30:09,400 FINANCIAL ISSUES, SOCIAL ISSUES, 871 00:30:09,400 --> 00:30:10,960 AND SOCIAL SUPPORT, BUT HERE, WE 872 00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:14,200 MAY SEE SOME OF THESE PROTECTIVE 873 00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:17,200 EXPERIENCES SO EVEN IF MARKETS 874 00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:18,840 ARE EXPERIENCING SOME ADVERSE 875 00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:20,360 EVENTS DURING PREGNANCY MAY THEY 876 00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:22,080 ALSO HAVE BE HAVING A PROTECTIVE 877 00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:23,480 EXPERIENCE AND THAT'S WHERE 878 00:30:23,480 --> 00:30:25,600 RESILIENCE MAY COME INTO PLAY. 879 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:27,920 ALSO, THINKING ABOUT PHYSICAL 880 00:30:27,920 --> 00:30:28,480 AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS. 881 00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:31,320 SO FOR A LONG TIME DURING 882 00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:32,080 PREGNANCY, PEOPLE TYPICALLY 883 00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:34,120 FOCUS ON 1 EXPOSURE OF INTEREST 884 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:36,440 OF STRESS OR SUBSTANCE USE AND 885 00:30:36,440 --> 00:30:38,200 IT'S NOW--WE'RE NOW AWARE THAT 886 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:39,640 IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO TRY TO 887 00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:41,200 DID OUR BEST TO MEASURE AS MANY 888 00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:43,720 OF THESE FACTORS AS WE CAN. 889 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:45,600 JUST AN EXAMPLE, WE LOOKED IN 890 00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:49,600 SOME OF OUR SAMPLES AT 891 00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:50,120 NEIGHBORHOOD DEPRIVATION. 892 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:53,000 SO OUR STUDIES TYPICALLY INCLUDE 893 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,240 OUR--THE FOLKS, THE MOTHER WHO 894 00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:56,360 IS DON'T SMOKE ARE MATCHED IN 895 00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:58,160 TERMS OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AS 896 00:30:58,160 --> 00:31:01,480 BEST WE CAN, AND THEY'RE VERY 897 00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:02,880 DIVERSE SAMPLES, SO BETWEEN 50 898 00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:08,960 AND 70% OF OUR SAMPLES ARE FROM 899 00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:09,400 MINORITIZED GROUPS. 900 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:11,560 SO HERE WE FOUND THAT 901 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:13,720 NEIGHBORHOOD DEPRIVATION WAS 902 00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:17,000 ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENCES IN 903 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,840 MOTHER CORTISOL WHICH HAS BEEN 904 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:20,760 LINKED TO INFANT BEHAVIOR. 905 00:31:20,760 --> 00:31:22,440 SO MOTHER WHO IS LIVED IN 906 00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:24,800 NEIGHBORHOODS THAT WERE LESS 907 00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:27,760 WELL RESOURCED SHOWED CHANGES IN 908 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:29,440 THEIR CORTISOL DIFFERENTLY IN 909 00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:34,680 NEIGHBORS THAT WERE MORE 910 00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:34,920 RESOURCED. 911 00:31:34,920 --> 00:31:41,480 SO WHAT KEY LEARN ABOUT THIS 912 00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:41,960 RESILIENCE. 913 00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:43,960 FIRST WE SO LITERATURE FOR 914 00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:44,960 DEPRESSION, STRESS AND OTHER 915 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:48,040 KINDS OF EXPOSURES DURING 916 00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:49,240 PREGNANCY, THEY'RE SUBTLE, NOT 917 00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:51,600 MAJOR ORGAN CHANGES OR MAJOR, 918 00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:54,400 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL FOR THE MOST 919 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:55,200 PART NOT MAJOR. 920 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:57,320 AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT PREGNANCY 921 00:31:57,320 --> 00:32:00,520 IS BOTH A STRESS TEST, BUT WE 922 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,240 KNOW THAT MEDICAL CONDITIONS 923 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:03,080 DURING PREGNANCY THEY'RE MORE 924 00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:06,160 LIKELY TO GET LATER IN LIFE, SO 925 00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:07,520 IT'S A MINIMEDICAL STRESS TEST 926 00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:09,680 FOR WHAT MOM MIGHT LOOK LIKE AS 927 00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:11,280 SHE GETS OLDER BUT IT'S ALSO A 928 00:32:11,280 --> 00:32:11,760 WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY. 929 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:15,680 SO ALL OF THESE SENSITIVE AREAS 930 00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:17,160 ARE BOTH POTENTIALLY STRESS 931 00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:18,520 TESTED SO THINGS IMPACT US MORE 932 00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:20,160 AND IMPACT THE NEXT GENERATION 933 00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:22,360 MORE BUT ALSO A WINDOW OF 934 00:32:22,360 --> 00:32:22,960 OPPORTUNITY FOR RESILIENCE. 935 00:32:22,960 --> 00:32:24,440 SO WE KNOW THAT WOMEN ARE MORE 936 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:27,800 LIKELY TO QUIT SMOKING DURING 937 00:32:27,800 --> 00:32:29,240 PREGNANCY THAN ANY OTHER TIME. 938 00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:33,040 RATES OF QUITTING OR JUST WOMEN 939 00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:34,400 QUITTING ON THEIR OWN ARE UP TO 940 00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:37,880 50% DEPENDING ON THE STUDY AND 941 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:39,480 QUITTING REVERSES EFFECTS LIKE 942 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:41,680 LOW BIRTH WAY AND PREMATURITY 943 00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:43,400 THAT ARE SEEN FROM SMOKING 944 00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:44,680 DURING PREGNANCY. 945 00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:45,720 THEREYA ALSO HUGELY INCREASED 946 00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:46,760 CONTACT WITH THE HEALTHCARE 947 00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:47,000 SYSTEM. 948 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:48,440 SO MOTHERS ARE GOING IN FOR 949 00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:50,600 ULTRASOUNDS AND OTHER SORT OF 950 00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:51,880 MEDICAL CARE. 951 00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:53,600 THIS ALSO REPRESENTS AN 952 00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:53,920 OPPORTUNITY. 953 00:32:53,920 --> 00:32:55,960 IT'S ALSO AN OPPORTUNITY IN 954 00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:57,200 TERMS OF NCCIH FOR INTEGRATIVE 955 00:32:57,200 --> 00:33:00,920 INTERVENTIONS TO HAVE A LARGE 956 00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:01,600 IMPACT. 957 00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:02,760 BECAUSE YOU'RE IMPACING 2 958 00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:03,920 GENERATIONS, THE MOTHER'S 959 00:33:03,920 --> 00:33:05,240 GENERATION IN LIFE AS WELL AS 960 00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:06,960 HER CHILDREN. 961 00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:08,240 AND IT'S CRITICAL, FOLKS IN THE 962 00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:11,800 FIELD LIKE MY WONDERFUL 963 00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:12,880 COLLEAGUE, DR. LAURA 964 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:14,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] HAVE STARTED TO 965 00:33:14,280 --> 00:33:16,040 TALKING ABOUT BEING SURE TO 966 00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:17,800 EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF PREGNANCY 967 00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:18,880 INTERVENTIONS FOR MOM ON BOTH 968 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:20,920 MOM AND BABY, SO DESIGNING 969 00:33:20,920 --> 00:33:21,960 INTERVENTIONS, SO WE MAY MEASURE 970 00:33:21,960 --> 00:33:26,280 IMPACT ON BOTH GENERATIONS. 971 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:29,000 SO AGAIN, HERE WE SEE SUBTLE 972 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,080 EARLY CHANGES, AND THAT IT'S AN 973 00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:32,040 OPPORTUNITY FOR INTERVENTION, SO 974 00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:38,080 THAT WE CAN INCREASE LIFE SPAN 975 00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:39,040 AND INCREASE HEALTHY LIVES OVER 976 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:40,240 THE COURSE OF A LIFE SPAN. 977 00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:41,440 WE ALSO KNOW THAT MOMS THAT WERE 978 00:33:41,440 --> 00:33:44,000 ABLE TO QUIT SMOKING DURING 979 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:45,080 PREGNANCY MAY HAVE DIFFERENT 980 00:33:45,080 --> 00:33:48,080 WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT THINGS. 981 00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:49,880 TYPICALLY MOMS WHO ARE ABLE TO 982 00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:51,400 QUIT DURING PREGNANCY ARE MORE 983 00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:52,520 CONCERNED ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF 984 00:33:52,520 --> 00:33:53,840 SMAIKING ON THEIR BABY, MORE 985 00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:56,080 LIKELY TO BE THEIR FIRST 986 00:33:56,080 --> 00:33:57,800 PREGMANCY, WHICH HAS 987 00:33:57,800 --> 00:33:59,120 IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS, 988 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:01,480 THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO QUIT, 989 00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:03,960 PRIOR TO CONCEPTION AND AT 990 00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:05,200 PREGNANCY VERIFICATION, SO EARLY 991 00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:09,000 PREGNANCY IS A KEY WINDOW, THEY 992 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:12,320 ALSO TEND TO REPORT FEWER 993 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:13,760 PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS AND 994 00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:15,320 LIVING WITH SMOKERS, SO WHELM 995 00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:17,400 ARE ABLE TO QUIT MAY GIVE CLUES 996 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:19,520 IN HOW WE MIGHT HELP WOMEN WHO 997 00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:21,080 ARE CONTINUING TO SMOKE OR USE 998 00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:21,480 OTHER SUBSTANCES. 999 00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:25,520 THIS IS A STUDY OF MATERNAL 1000 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:26,920 FETAL ATTACHMENT WHICH IS AN 1001 00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:28,200 INTERESTING TARGET FOR 1002 00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:29,480 INTERVENTION AND RESILIENCE. 1003 00:34:29,480 --> 00:34:31,120 SO MATERNAL FETAL ATTACHMENT IS 1004 00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:32,960 THE EMOTIONAL CONNECTION A WOMAN 1005 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:35,280 DEVELOPS WITH HER FETUS DURING 1006 00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:36,400 PREGNANCY ISSUE EXPRESS, 1007 00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:37,480 FEELINGS, COGNITION AND 1008 00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:37,760 BEHAVIORS. 1009 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,000 WE FOUND THIS IS ALL WOMEN WHO 1010 00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:41,600 SMOKED THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY BUT 1011 00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:44,320 WE FOUND THAT WOMEN WHO FELT A 1012 00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:46,600 HIGHER LEVEL OF ARK TACHMENT TO 1013 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:49,040 THEIR FETUS SMOKED FEWER 1014 00:34:49,040 --> 00:34:50,520 CIGARETTES PERDAY OVER THE 1015 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:52,160 ENTIRE COURSE OF THEIR PREGNANCY 1016 00:34:52,160 --> 00:34:54,000 WHEREAS THOSE WHO HAVE LOWER 1017 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:55,680 ATTACHMENT TO THEIR FETUS SMOKED 1018 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:56,360 MORE DURING PREGNANCY. 1019 00:34:56,360 --> 00:34:58,000 THIS WAS NOT A PROECTOMYOSIN 1020 00:34:58,000 --> 00:34:59,480 SPECTIVE STUDY BUT AN 1021 00:34:59,480 --> 00:35:00,720 INTERESTING AND SUGGESTED HOW 1022 00:35:00,720 --> 00:35:06,880 ATTACHED MOM IS TO A FETUS MAY 1023 00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:12,760 IMPACT SUBSTANCE USE. 1024 00:35:12,760 --> 00:35:14,000 MY COLLEAGUE AMY [INDISCERNIBLE] 1025 00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:16,040 JUST GOT AN R21 THAT'S SO 1026 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:17,240 EXCITING AND WE'RE INTERESTED IN 1027 00:35:17,240 --> 00:35:20,720 DOING THIS WORK UP HERE AS WELL, 1028 00:35:20,720 --> 00:35:22,120 IT'S CALLED NEUROBEHAVIOR 1029 00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:25,440 ENGAGEMENT AND CONNECTION 1030 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:25,960 THROUGH ULTRASOUND, NEXUS. 1031 00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:27,840 SO USING ULTRASOUND TO IMPROVE 1032 00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:29,200 MATERNAL FETAL CONNECTIONS AND 1033 00:35:29,200 --> 00:35:30,440 MOTIVATE SELF-CARE AND BRINGING 1034 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:31,160 ULTRASOUND INTO THE COMMUNITY 1035 00:35:31,160 --> 00:35:32,440 AND WORKING WITH FOLKS IN THE 1036 00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:34,400 COMMUNITY TO GET THEM MORE 1037 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:36,160 ENGAGED IN SUBSTANCE USE 1038 00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:39,760 TREATMENT AND SELF-CARE DURING 1039 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:40,040 PREGNANCY. 1040 00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:41,920 AND AS WE THINK ABOUT SUBSTANCES 1041 00:35:41,920 --> 00:35:45,160 AND THIS IDEA OF THE EXPOSE OHM, 1042 00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:46,920 WE CAN PAUSE TO THINK A LITTLE 1043 00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:49,200 BIT ABOUT THEORIES OF 1044 00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:49,800 RESILIENCE. 1045 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:50,640 SO PARTICULARLY IN PSYCHOLOGY, A 1046 00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:53,080 LOT OF THE THEORIES HAVE FOCUS 1047 00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:56,160 ON THIS IDEA OF WHAT MAKES THIS 1048 00:35:56,160 --> 00:35:59,080 1 INDIVIDUAL WHO'S GROWN UP IN 1049 00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:01,560 THIS, IN A DIFFICULT, UNDER 1050 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:03,120 ADVERSE CIRCUMSTANCES, ABLE TO 1051 00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:04,160 BLOSSOM AND BLOOM. 1052 00:36:04,160 --> 00:36:05,640 SO, WE HAD THIS 1 FLOWER THAT 1053 00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:09,360 WAS ABLE TO GROW UP IN THE 1054 00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:09,760 CONCRETE. 1055 00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:12,160 LET'S STUDY WHAT HAPPENED WHEN 1056 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:14,040 THAT FLOWER, AND WHY THAT THAT 1057 00:36:14,040 --> 00:36:15,360 FLOWER ABLE TO SURVIVE AND MAKE 1058 00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:24,200 IT DESPITE ALL THE OBSTACLES? 1059 00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,440 BUT NOW WE'RE STARTING TO 1060 00:36:26,440 --> 00:36:28,040 REALIZE OR BE AWARE THAT WE NEED 1061 00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:30,520 TO CHANGE THE SOIL, MAKE 1062 00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:38,440 FETTERILE MAKE ALL 1063 00:36:38,440 --> 00:36:39,480 SOIL FETTERILE AND BE ACTIVE AND 1064 00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:40,800 WORK WITH COMMUNITIES AND MAKE 1065 00:36:40,800 --> 00:36:43,600 CHANGES IN OUR SOCIETY, SO THAT 1066 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:48,440 ALL CHILDREN ARE ABLE TO SUCCEED 1067 00:36:48,440 --> 00:36:50,320 AND THAT CAN HAVE AN ENORMOUS 1068 00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:50,800 IMPACT. 1069 00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:52,000 WE KNOW THAT EARLY INTERVENTIONS 1070 00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:54,000 HAVE SUCH A LONG-TERM ENORMOUS 1071 00:36:54,000 --> 00:37:00,080 IMPACT ON BOTH PARENTS AND 1072 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:00,920 CHILDREN. 1073 00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:02,640 MY POST DOCTORAL FELLOW 1074 00:37:02,640 --> 00:37:04,120 DR. SHARON LEE IS DEVELOPING A 1075 00:37:04,120 --> 00:37:05,600 NEW THEORY OF RESILIENCE, WHERE 1076 00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:08,360 WE FOCUS ON STRUCTURES AND 1077 00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:10,320 COMMUNITY FACTORS IN BUILDING 1078 00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:11,440 RESILIENCE IN ADDITION TO 1079 00:37:11,440 --> 00:37:13,120 INDIVIDUAL FACTORS SO WE LOOK AT 1080 00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:15,680 BIOLOGY AS WELL AS INDIVIDUAL 1081 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:18,160 FAMILY, COMMUNITY, ACCESS TO 1082 00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:19,360 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND 1083 00:37:19,360 --> 00:37:20,280 INSTITUTIONS AND ADVOCACY 1084 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:24,440 TRAINING AND ALSO, A FOCUS ON 1085 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:24,960 MINORITY STRESS, ON 1086 00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:26,600 DISCRIMINATION AND OTHER TYPES 1087 00:37:26,600 --> 00:37:28,080 OF STRUCTURAL STRESSORS THAT 1088 00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:30,160 PEOPLE OF COLOR FACE. 1089 00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:31,560 SO THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE'RE 1090 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:33,920 BUILDING AND WELCOME FEEDBACK 1091 00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:36,040 THAT DR. LEE AND MY OTHER 1092 00:37:36,040 --> 00:37:38,080 COLLEAGUES IN THE STRESS TRAUMA 1093 00:37:38,080 --> 00:37:39,880 AND RESILIENCE CENTER ARE 1094 00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:40,680 WORKING ON. 1095 00:37:40,680 --> 00:37:44,680 AND THIS FITS SO NICELY WITH 1096 00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:46,120 NCCIH'S STRATEGIC PLAN, WHICH IS 1097 00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:48,680 SO IMPRESSIVE AND THINKING ABOUT 1098 00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:50,160 THE WHOLE PERSON HEALTH 1099 00:37:50,160 --> 00:37:51,120 FRAMEWORK, WHERE YOU'RE LOOKING 1100 00:37:51,120 --> 00:37:52,720 AT THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE 1101 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:54,320 FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY, AND 1102 00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:57,000 POPULATION, AND LOOKING AT ALL 1103 00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:58,600 LEVELS OF ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL, 1104 00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:08,760 BEHAVIORIAL, SOCIAL, AND 1105 00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:09,560 ENVIRONMENTAL. 1106 00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:10,800 AND SYNTHITIZING FROM BIOLOGY TO 1107 00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:11,800 BEHAVIOR TO THE WHOLE PERSON. 1108 00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:15,600 SO NOW I WANT TO SWITCH GEARS TO 1109 00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:17,120 TELL YOU ABOUT THE BROADER 1110 00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:19,520 INITIATIVES WE HAVE THROUGH THE 1111 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:20,840 STRESS TRAUMA AND RISWRELIENCE 1112 00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:22,360 CENTER AND SOME OF THE PROJECTS 1113 00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:23,680 WE HAVE ONGOING. 1114 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:28,680 SO WE LAST YEAR RECEIVED A 1115 00:38:28,680 --> 00:38:31,800 TRAUMA AND STRESS GRANT CALLED A 1116 00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:42,040 COBRI, CENTER FOR BEHAVIORIAL 1117 00:38:42,040 --> 00:38:44,240 AND BIOLOGICAL INNOVATION. 1118 00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:47,880 THE GOALS OF COBRIs ARE TO 1119 00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:50,160 SUPPORT EARLY CAREER FACULTY TO, 1120 00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:51,000 TO GAIN EDUCATION AND TRAINING 1121 00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:56,880 AS WELL AS SKILLS, TO BECOME 1122 00:38:56,880 --> 00:38:58,560 INDEPENDENT LEVEL INVESTIGATORS. 1123 00:38:58,560 --> 00:39:01,280 OUR COBRE IS FOCUSED ON MODEL OF 1124 00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:07,120 STRESS ANDKS POSURES EARLY IN 1125 00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:10,960 LIFE, AND MECHANISMS IN NOVEL 1126 00:39:10,960 --> 00:39:12,320 INTERVENTIONS TARGETS FOR 1127 00:39:12,320 --> 00:39:13,200 OUTCOMES. 1128 00:39:13,200 --> 00:39:15,440 WE HAVE A ADMINISTRATIVE CORE AS 1129 00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:18,160 WELL AS TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNE 1130 00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:19,080 COLLABORATIVE CORE. 1131 00:39:19,080 --> 00:39:20,280 OUR COMMUNITY COLLABORATIVE CORE 1132 00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:22,560 IS HEADED UP BY DR. STEPHANIE 1133 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:24,480 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND INVOLVES 1134 00:39:24,480 --> 00:39:25,160 STATE AND COMMUNITY AGENCIES AND 1135 00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:27,680 THE IDEA IS TO HAVE 1136 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:28,240 BI-DIRECTIONAL COLLABORATION 1137 00:39:28,240 --> 00:39:29,960 WITH COMMUNITY AGENCIES SO WE 1138 00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:32,040 CAN DEVELOP RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1139 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:33,360 AND PARTNERSHIPS WITH OUR 1140 00:39:33,360 --> 00:39:35,520 COMMUNITY PARTNERS AS WELL AS 1141 00:39:35,520 --> 00:39:37,320 KEEP THEM IN THE LOOP AS WE'RE 1142 00:39:37,320 --> 00:39:40,160 DOING THE STUDIES AND RESULTS. 1143 00:39:40,160 --> 00:39:43,960 AND WE'VE ALREADY STARTED 1144 00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:44,560 DOING--DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] HAS 1145 00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:45,680 BEEN DOING THIS WORK FOR MANY, 1146 00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:48,160 MANY YEARS AND AS WE HAVE NEW 1147 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:49,360 INVESTIGATORS JOINING THE COBRE, 1148 00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:54,520 WE WILL KNOW CO NECT THEM WITH 1149 00:39:54,520 --> 00:39:57,680 HIGHLY COLLABORATIVE AGENCIES 1150 00:39:57,680 --> 00:39:58,560 AND DOING RESEARCH. 1151 00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:00,480 THE TECHNOLOGY CORE IS TRYING TO 1152 00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:01,600 GET AT THE EXPOSE ORDER OF 1153 00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:02,720 MICRONS, EACH PROJECT WILL HAVE 1154 00:40:02,720 --> 00:40:06,560 IT'S OWN WAY OF LOOKING AT 1155 00:40:06,560 --> 00:40:08,720 DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY MEASURES, 1156 00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:11,200 BUT WE WILL HAVE GIO CODING AND 1157 00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,240 LOOKING AT NEIGHBORHOOD VIOLENCE 1158 00:40:12,240 --> 00:40:14,320 AND POVERTY IN TERMS OF 1159 00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:16,000 STRUCTURAL FACTORS, ALSO LOOKING 1160 00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:18,840 AT CHILD MALSTREENLT RECORDS IN 1161 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:21,040 ADDITION TO SELF-REPORT. 1162 00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:23,800 WE--DR. NICOLEED AND WHAT IS 1163 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:25,320 DR. BETH [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO HAD 1164 00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:27,000 THE CORE HAS BEEN WORKING A LOT 1165 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:28,280 WITH THE ELECTRONICALLY 1166 00:40:28,280 --> 00:40:30,280 ACTIVATED RECORDER WHICH ALLOWS 1167 00:40:30,280 --> 00:40:30,880 FOR TESTING NIPITS OF 1168 00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:32,880 CONVERSATION IN REAL LIFE THAT 1169 00:40:32,880 --> 00:40:36,160 CAN BE ANALYZED TO SEE SORT OF 1170 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:37,600 ON A DAY-TO-DAY LEVEL WHAT'S 1171 00:40:37,600 --> 00:40:39,480 HAPPENING IN PEOPLE'S LIVES. 1172 00:40:39,480 --> 00:40:42,680 AS WELL AS LOOKING AT SOCIAL 1173 00:40:42,680 --> 00:40:43,600 MEDIA AND HARNESSING SOCIAL 1174 00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:45,040 MEDIA DATA SO THAT WE CAN SEE 1175 00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:46,600 WHAT PEOPLE ARE TALKING ABOUT IN 1176 00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:50,400 SOCIAL MEDIA AS WELL AS IN THEIR 1177 00:40:50,400 --> 00:40:50,760 TEXT MESSAGING. 1178 00:40:50,760 --> 00:40:52,760 SO JUST TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF 1179 00:40:52,760 --> 00:40:55,080 SOME OF THE STUDIES THAT WE'RE 1180 00:40:55,080 --> 00:40:57,080 DOING, THIS IS 1181 00:40:57,080 --> 00:40:59,560 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] LOPEZ WHO IS 1182 00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:02,040 DOING A 12--FOLLOWING UP ON A 12 1183 00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:03,840 YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY STUDIED 1184 00:41:03,840 --> 00:41:05,800 BY DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 1185 00:41:05,800 --> 00:41:07,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] LOOKING AT THE 1186 00:41:07,920 --> 00:41:09,440 IMPACT OF CHILD MALTREATMENT 1187 00:41:09,440 --> 00:41:12,960 MEASURED PERSPECTIVELY, FROM AGE 1188 00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:15,680 3-5 AND 9 TO 11 AND THEN SHE'S 1189 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:17,960 FOLLOWING THEM IN ADOLESCENTS 1190 00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:19,840 UNDER 15 YEARS OLD LOOKING AT 1191 00:41:19,840 --> 00:41:21,000 REPETITIVE NEGATIVE THINKING AND 1192 00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:22,200 INTENTIONAL BIAS AND HOW THAT 1193 00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:26,600 MIGHT LEAD TO MENTAL HEALTH 1194 00:41:26,600 --> 00:41:26,840 PROBLEMS. 1195 00:41:26,840 --> 00:41:27,760 REPETITIVE NEGATIVE THINKING IS 1196 00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:29,240 SOMETHING YOU THINK ABOUT 1197 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:30,680 RUMINATION, SO SORT OF DWELLING 1198 00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:31,840 ON NEGATIVE THOUGHTS SHE WANTS 1199 00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:32,960 TO UNDERSTAND THOSE IN REALTIME 1200 00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:35,080 AND IN THE LAB AND HOW THEY MAY 1201 00:41:35,080 --> 00:41:41,400 LEAD TO LONG-TERM MENTAL HEALTH 1202 00:41:41,400 --> 00:41:41,680 ISSUES. 1203 00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:44,680 [INDISCERNIBLE] IS ALSO DOING A 1204 00:41:44,680 --> 00:41:45,960 STUDY THAT'S VERY COMPLIMENTARY 1205 00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:49,160 TO THIS, SO LOOKING AT EARLY 1206 00:41:49,160 --> 00:41:49,800 LIFE ADVERSITY, PARTICULARLY 1207 00:41:49,800 --> 00:41:51,000 SEXUAL ABUSE AND COMMUNITY 1208 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,200 VIOLENCE, HOW THAT RELATES TO 1209 00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:54,960 EANGZ TO AFFECTIVE STIMULI, 1210 00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:56,840 EMOTIONAL STIMULI AND HOW KIDS 1211 00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,840 RESPOND TO THAT AND HOW THAT 1212 00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:00,560 LEADS TO DIFFERENCES IN 1213 00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:03,000 ADOLESCENCE SUBSTANCE USE 1214 00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:06,080 INCLUDING CANNABIS, SUBSTANCE 1215 00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:09,680 USE, ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE. 1216 00:42:09,680 --> 00:42:12,240 KAREN MATTHEWS HASSA PILOT STUDY 1217 00:42:12,240 --> 00:42:12,920 FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING 1218 00:42:12,920 --> 00:42:13,880 DISCRIMINATION AT THE 1219 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:15,320 INTERSECTION OF IDENTITIES AND 1220 00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:17,120 HOW THAT IMPACTS DISCRIMINATION. 1221 00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:20,360 SO LOOKING AT RELATIONSHIPS WITH 1222 00:42:20,360 --> 00:42:22,160 RACE, GENDER IDENTITY, SEXUAL 1223 00:42:22,160 --> 00:42:23,400 ORIENTATION AND WEIGHT. 1224 00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:25,400 DOING QUALITATIVE WORK TO TRY TO 1225 00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:26,720 UNDERSTAND HOW BLACK ADOLESCENTS 1226 00:42:26,720 --> 00:42:28,280 THINK ABOUT ALL THESE DIFFERENT 1227 00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:32,080 IDENTITIES AND HOW THEY DEFINE 1228 00:42:32,080 --> 00:42:33,600 DISCRIMINATION IN ORDER TO 1229 00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:35,840 DEVELOP MEASURES IN REAL WORLD 1230 00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:37,080 DISCROSS EXAMINEINATION AND HOW 1231 00:42:37,080 --> 00:42:38,600 THEY RELATE TO HEALTH BEHAVIORS 1232 00:42:38,600 --> 00:42:42,160 SUCH AS SUBSTANCE USE AND EATING 1233 00:42:42,160 --> 00:42:42,480 BEHAVIORS. 1234 00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:44,880 DR. WHITNEY EVANS IS DOING A 1235 00:42:44,880 --> 00:42:45,680 COMMUNITY BASED RANDOMIZED TRIAL 1236 00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:47,840 WHERE SHE'S LOOKING AT THE 1237 00:42:47,840 --> 00:42:49,240 BIOBEHAVIORIAL MECHANISMS OF 1238 00:42:49,240 --> 00:42:51,160 FOOD INSECURITY IN CHILDREN FROM 1239 00:42:51,160 --> 00:42:52,520 LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS. 1240 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:55,200 SO THERE'S A STRONG RELATIONSHIP 1241 00:42:55,200 --> 00:42:56,840 BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND 1242 00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:59,280 OBESITY, WHICH IS NOT VERY WELL 1243 00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:03,000 UNDERSTOOD, PARTICULARLY IN THE 1244 00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:04,440 CONTEXT OF POVERTY AND SUMMER IS 1245 00:43:04,440 --> 00:43:06,640 A HIGH RISK PERIOD FOR THE ONSET 1246 00:43:06,640 --> 00:43:07,760 OF FOOD INSURVEYS KIERITY AND 1247 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:08,240 WEIGHT GAIN. 1248 00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:11,200 SO DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR, KIDS 1249 00:43:11,200 --> 00:43:12,520 FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS 1250 00:43:12,520 --> 00:43:14,400 AND POVERTY WILL RECEIVE FREE 1251 00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:15,640 SCHOOL LUNCHES AND BREAKFASTS 1252 00:43:15,640 --> 00:43:17,160 BUT DURING THE SUMMER THAT GOES 1253 00:43:17,160 --> 00:43:18,600 AWAY AND THEIR SCHEDULE AND 1254 00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:19,920 ROUTINE MAY BE CHANGED AS WELL, 1255 00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:23,200 SO THE IDEA IS TO PROVIDE, HAVE 1256 00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:24,960 A GROUP WHERE WE PROVIDE HEALTHY 1257 00:43:24,960 --> 00:43:25,800 MEALS, DELIVERED DAILY AS WELL 1258 00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:27,760 AS A GROUP THAT IS ROUGH ATOM 1259 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:30,000 VIEDED IN NEWS LETTER COMMUNITY 1260 00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:31,800 FOOD PROGRAMS BUT NOT WITH DAILY 1261 00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:33,960 MEALS TO TRY TO REALLY ISOLATE 1262 00:43:33,960 --> 00:43:35,760 THE IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY 1263 00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:37,640 THAT HAPPENS EVERY SUMMER WHEN 1264 00:43:37,640 --> 00:43:39,600 KIDS ARE NOT--DON'T HAVE ACCESS 1265 00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:40,440 TO SCHOOL BREAKFAST AND LUNCH. 1266 00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:45,040 AND THE IDEA THAT THIS COULD BE 1267 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:46,760 RESEARCH THAT WILL HELP CHANGE 1268 00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:51,680 POLICY IN THIS AREA. 1269 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:52,520 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] IS DOING 1270 00:43:52,520 --> 00:43:53,400 REALLY FABULOUS WORK WITH THE 1271 00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:55,640 COMMUNITY AND THE PREVENTION OF 1272 00:43:55,640 --> 00:43:56,840 CHILD MALTREATMENT. 1273 00:43:56,840 --> 00:43:58,360 SO SHE'S PARTNERING WITH STATE 1274 00:43:58,360 --> 00:44:00,600 AGENCIES AND EMBEDDING HER 1275 00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:03,960 RESEARCH IN A HOME VISITING 1276 00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:04,600 PROGRAM IN RHODE ISLAND. 1277 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:08,560 AND THE IDEA IS THAT WOMEN WHO 1278 00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:09,400 EXPERIENCED MALTREATMENT AND 1279 00:44:09,400 --> 00:44:10,320 ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES 1280 00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:11,640 ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE KID WHO 1281 00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:13,960 IS ALSO ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE 1282 00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:15,240 VIOLENCE IN THEIR HOUSEHOLD AND 1283 00:44:15,240 --> 00:44:17,240 ARE AT GREATER RISK FOR HAVING 1284 00:44:17,240 --> 00:44:19,200 FAMILY DISRUPTIONS, SO THE IDEA 1285 00:44:19,200 --> 00:44:23,240 IS TO TAG ON TO A PERINATAL HOME 1286 00:44:23,240 --> 00:44:23,840 VISITING PROGRAM FOR THESE 1287 00:44:23,840 --> 00:44:26,560 MOTHERS AND TO ADD MENTAL HEALTH 1288 00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:27,920 CONSULTATION AND OTHER ASPECTS 1289 00:44:27,920 --> 00:44:29,920 TO THE REALLY ENRICH THAT 1290 00:44:29,920 --> 00:44:31,320 PERINATAL HOME VISITING PROGRAM 1291 00:44:31,320 --> 00:44:33,000 AND THE IDEA TO SEE WHETHER THAT 1292 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:35,160 HAS AN IMPACT ON PREVENTION OF 1293 00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:37,160 MALTREATMENT AS WELL AS FAMILY 1294 00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:38,520 RISK FACTORS AND THE 1295 00:44:38,520 --> 00:44:39,160 PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP WHICH 1296 00:44:39,160 --> 00:44:45,600 WE KNOW IS SO IMPORTANT. 1297 00:44:45,600 --> 00:44:48,240 DR. BETH BALK HAS A STUDY FOR 1298 00:44:48,240 --> 00:44:50,360 THE NICCH, AND SHE IS LOOKING AT 1299 00:44:50,360 --> 00:44:52,280 ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND 1300 00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:54,560 WHETHER YOGA OR A 1301 00:44:54,560 --> 00:44:56,360 STANDARD--VERSUS A STANDARD 1302 00:44:56,360 --> 00:44:57,560 EXERCISE PROGRAM MIGHT MAKE 1303 00:44:57,560 --> 00:44:59,680 CHANGES IN DISEASE OUTCOMES AND 1304 00:44:59,680 --> 00:45:00,160 ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION. 1305 00:45:00,160 --> 00:45:02,520 SO SHE'S DOING A FEASIBILITY AND 1306 00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:04,360 FIDELITY STUDY THAT WILL THEN 1307 00:45:04,360 --> 00:45:10,400 LEAD TO A MULTISITE CLINICAL 1308 00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:10,760 TRIAL. 1309 00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:19,080 AND DR. KATHRYN IS A FACULTY 1310 00:45:19,080 --> 00:45:21,200 MEMBER AT THE--HAS OVERLAP WITH 1311 00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:23,480 WORK AT NCCIH AND SHE'S REALLY 1312 00:45:23,480 --> 00:45:26,400 LOOKING AT WHETHER A VALUED 1313 00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:27,200 AFFIRMATION, REFRAMING 1314 00:45:27,200 --> 00:45:28,920 MEDICATION USE IN ELDERLY 1315 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:32,240 CARDIAC PATIENTS MIGHT HELP THEM 1316 00:45:32,240 --> 00:45:33,400 TO USE MEDICATION MORE 1317 00:45:33,400 --> 00:45:35,720 FREQUENTLY AND TO REMEMBER THEIR 1318 00:45:35,720 --> 00:45:37,760 MEDICATION AND ADHERE TO THEIR 1319 00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:38,720 MEDICATION REGIME. 1320 00:45:38,720 --> 00:45:39,840 SO SHE'S REFRAMING MEDICATION 1321 00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:41,800 USE AS A SELF-GUIDED EFFORT TO 1322 00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:44,720 ENGAGE IN PERSONALLY MEANINGFUL 1323 00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:46,400 LIVING AND THEN LUCKING AT 1324 00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:50,000 EFFECTS IN WELL BEING AND 1325 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:50,880 REDUCED DEC BURDEN. 1326 00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:52,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] IS ANOTHER 1 OF 1327 00:45:52,320 --> 00:45:53,640 OUR PILOT PROJECT RECIPIENTS. 1328 00:45:53,640 --> 00:45:55,960 SHE'S LOOKING AT MINDFULNESS, 1329 00:45:55,960 --> 00:46:00,160 OPTIMISM AND RESILIENCE IN THE 1330 00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:00,880 PERINATAL PERIOD. 1331 00:46:00,880 --> 00:46:02,520 AND FOR--WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS 1332 00:46:02,520 --> 00:46:04,760 ON HEALTH EQUITY. 1333 00:46:04,760 --> 00:46:05,920 SO DISPOSITIONAL OPTIMISM, HAS 1334 00:46:05,920 --> 00:46:08,360 BEEN SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH 1335 00:46:08,360 --> 00:46:09,320 SOME PERINATAL OUTCOMES AND 1336 00:46:09,320 --> 00:46:12,040 MAYBE A TARGET THAT CAN BE 1337 00:46:12,040 --> 00:46:13,600 CHANGED DURING PREGNANCY AND 1338 00:46:13,600 --> 00:46:16,520 WITH IMPACT ON MOTHER AND CHILD. 1339 00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:18,400 SO SHE'S DOING--SHE'S USING THE 1340 00:46:18,400 --> 00:46:20,400 EXPECTFUL APP WHICH IS 1341 00:46:20,400 --> 00:46:22,160 PARTICULARLY DESIGNED FOR WOMEN 1342 00:46:22,160 --> 00:46:24,160 OF COLOR, FOR BLACK WOMEN IN 1343 00:46:24,160 --> 00:46:28,440 PARTICULAR, AND SHE'S GOING TO 1344 00:46:28,440 --> 00:46:29,640 BE WORKING WITH THEM TO REFINE 1345 00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:33,000 IT AND MAKE SURE IT'S LIKED BY 1346 00:46:33,000 --> 00:46:34,120 PREGNANT BLACK WOMEN AND THEN 1347 00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:37,080 TRYING TO SEE HOW IT MIGHT 1348 00:46:37,080 --> 00:46:39,760 IMPACT SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HELP 1349 00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:40,880 PROMOTING BEHAVIOR AND COGNITIVE 1350 00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:42,240 RESPONSES TO STRESS AS WELL AS 1351 00:46:42,240 --> 00:46:44,360 HOW IT MIGHT IMPACT PERINATAL 1352 00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:49,560 OUTCOMES AND THE LABOR 1353 00:46:49,560 --> 00:46:49,880 EXPERIENCE. 1354 00:46:49,880 --> 00:46:52,640 AND L. G. WARD IS,A PLYING AT 1355 00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:56,840 TRAUMA INFORMED CARE APPROACH TO 1356 00:46:56,840 --> 00:46:57,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] USING 1357 00:46:57,920 --> 00:46:58,440 IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE 1358 00:46:58,440 --> 00:47:01,000 FRAMEWORK, SO MANY WOMEN WHO GO 1359 00:47:01,000 --> 00:47:02,320 THROUGH PREGNANCY MAY HAVE 1360 00:47:02,320 --> 00:47:03,080 HISTORIES OF SEXUAL AND OTHER 1361 00:47:03,080 --> 00:47:05,800 TRAUMA BUT MAY NOT DISCLOSE THIS 1362 00:47:05,800 --> 00:47:08,000 TO THEIR OBSTETRIC PROVIDERS. 1363 00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:09,640 SO TRAUMA INFORMED CARE USES 1364 00:47:09,640 --> 00:47:12,120 PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY, TRUST, 1365 00:47:12,120 --> 00:47:14,760 GIVING WOMEN CHOICE EMPOWERMENT, 1366 00:47:14,760 --> 00:47:15,680 COLLABORATION AND RESPECT. 1367 00:47:15,680 --> 00:47:17,680 SO THAT WOMEN WHO HAVE A HISTORY 1368 00:47:17,680 --> 00:47:19,960 OF TRAUMA WILL BE MORE 1369 00:47:19,960 --> 00:47:21,040 COMFORTABLE THROUGHOUT THE 1370 00:47:21,040 --> 00:47:24,400 PERINATAL PERIOD WHEN THERE'S 1371 00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:26,600 REPEATED CONTACTS WITH THE 1372 00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:28,200 MEDICAL PROFESSION. 1373 00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:30,160 AND SO, DR. WARD IS DEVELOPING A 1374 00:47:30,160 --> 00:47:34,600 TOOL KIT THAT WILL BE--AND 1375 00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:35,240 TESTING IT WITH OBSTETRIC 1376 00:47:35,240 --> 00:47:37,560 PROVIDERS THAT WILL HELP THEM 1377 00:47:37,560 --> 00:47:39,280 IMPLEMENT TRAUMA INFORMED CARE 1378 00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:41,120 WHICH CAN IMPACT PERINATAL 1379 00:47:41,120 --> 00:47:47,160 INFANT OUTCOMES AND INFANT 1380 00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:48,200 OUTCOMES AS WELL. 1381 00:47:48,200 --> 00:47:48,960 SO, CONCLUSION. 1382 00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:51,440 SO EXPERIENCES DURING FETAL 1383 00:47:51,440 --> 00:47:53,080 TWEPMENT IN IT IS FIRST 2 YEARS 1384 00:47:53,080 --> 00:47:56,480 OF LIFE ARE CRITICAL FOR 1385 00:47:56,480 --> 00:47:58,000 LONG-TERM HEALTH. 1386 00:47:58,000 --> 00:47:59,680 OUR RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT 1387 00:47:59,680 --> 00:48:01,400 PREGNANCY IS A WINDOW OF 1388 00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:06,840 OPPORTUNITY TO FOSTER RESILIENCE 1389 00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:08,200 IN 2 GENERATIONS. 1390 00:48:08,200 --> 00:48:10,040 JUST BECAUSE WE'RE FOCUSING ON 1391 00:48:10,040 --> 00:48:10,800 PREGNANCY, WE WANT TO HEIGHT 1392 00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:13,720 LIGHT THAT IT'S MORE CRITICAL TO 1393 00:48:13,720 --> 00:48:15,600 MAINTAIN RESILIENCE AND SUPPORT 1394 00:48:15,600 --> 00:48:21,480 THIS IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD, 1395 00:48:21,480 --> 00:48:23,120 AND THERE'S INTEREST TO EXPAND 1396 00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:25,280 THE SCOPE OF PEDEIAT CARE TO 1397 00:48:25,280 --> 00:48:27,720 INCLUDE PARENTS AND THE GOING 1398 00:48:27,720 --> 00:48:28,680 INTO THE POSTPARTUM CARE BECAUSE 1399 00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:30,200 WE KNOW THAT EARLY BRAIN 1400 00:48:30,200 --> 00:48:30,960 DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST 2 1401 00:48:30,960 --> 00:48:33,720 YEARS OF LIFE IS SO CRITICAL FOR 1402 00:48:33,720 --> 00:48:34,920 LONG-TERM HEALTH AND YET THERE'S 1403 00:48:34,920 --> 00:48:35,960 VERY LITTLE. 1404 00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:37,640 SO DURING PREGNANCY, THERE'S 1405 00:48:37,640 --> 00:48:38,520 LOTS OF CONTACTS WITH THE 1406 00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:40,040 MEDICAL CARE SYSTEM BUT NOT SO 1407 00:48:40,040 --> 00:48:43,640 MUCH IN THE 2 YEARS FOLLOWING 1408 00:48:43,640 --> 00:48:46,160 PREGNANCY SO THERE'S BEEN A PUSH 1409 00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:48,560 TO EXPAND POLICY IN THIS AREA, 1410 00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:49,480 EXPAND INSURANCE COVERAGE IN 1411 00:48:49,480 --> 00:48:51,560 THIS AREA AND REALLY TRY TO 1412 00:48:51,560 --> 00:48:53,120 SUPPORT PARENTS THROUGH THE 1413 00:48:53,120 --> 00:48:53,760 POSTPARTUM PERIOD. 1414 00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:56,800 WE ALSO NEED TO CENTER 1415 00:48:56,800 --> 00:48:58,800 MINORITIZED AND MARGINALIZED 1416 00:48:58,800 --> 00:48:59,120 POPULATIONS. 1417 00:48:59,120 --> 00:49:02,240 EXPERIENCES OF STRESS AND THE 1418 00:49:02,240 --> 00:49:02,760 EXPOSE OME ARE MORE MODEL 1419 00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:04,200 CITIZEN NOUNSED IN PEOPLE OF 1420 00:49:04,200 --> 00:49:05,280 COLOR AND THEY ALSO EXPERIENCE 1421 00:49:05,280 --> 00:49:09,720 BOTH DAILY LEVELS OF 1422 00:49:09,720 --> 00:49:10,320 DISCRIMINATION, AND ALSO 1423 00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:14,200 DISCRIMINATION FROM HEALTHCARE 1424 00:49:14,200 --> 00:49:16,880 SITUATIONS AND MEDICAL PROVIDERS 1425 00:49:16,880 --> 00:49:20,120 SO WE NEED TO CENTER 1426 00:49:20,120 --> 00:49:20,920 MINORITYIZED POPULATIONS AND 1427 00:49:20,920 --> 00:49:22,480 FIND WAYS TO CHANGE STRUCTURES 1428 00:49:22,480 --> 00:49:23,800 SO THAT HEALTH OUTCOMES ARE 1429 00:49:23,800 --> 00:49:26,440 BETTER AND THERE'S THE NEED TO 1430 00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:27,120 DEVELOP INTERVENTIONS IN 1431 00:49:27,120 --> 00:49:28,400 PARTNERSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY 1432 00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:33,520 AND PARTNERSHIPS WITH COMMUNITY 1433 00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:33,840 AGENCIES. 1434 00:49:33,840 --> 00:49:39,520 SO I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ERCH IN 1435 00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:40,080 MY LAB. 1436 00:49:40,080 --> 00:49:43,480 AS WELL AS THE CENTER FOR ALTERN 1437 00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:45,120 5 MEDICINE, I WOULD LIKE TO 1438 00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:46,560 THANK EVERYONE FOR HELPING WITH 1439 00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:47,880 THE LOVELY SLIDES AND VISUALS 1440 00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:52,640 AND MY MANY COLLEAGUES WITH 1441 00:49:52,640 --> 00:49:53,480 STRESS TRAUMA AND RESILIENCE 1442 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:55,440 CENTER AS WELL AS OUR 1443 00:49:55,440 --> 00:49:57,320 ADMINISTRATIVE FOLKS AND THIS IS 1444 00:49:57,320 --> 00:50:03,760 HOW YOU MAY CONTACT ME. 1445 00:50:03,760 --> 00:50:05,960 >>WELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH 1446 00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:07,320 DR. STROUD, THAT WAS A FANTASTIC 1447 00:50:07,320 --> 00:50:11,360 TALK AND YOU COVERED SUCH AN 1448 00:50:11,360 --> 00:50:13,400 ARRAY OF WONDERFUL RESEARCH. 1449 00:50:13,400 --> 00:50:16,120 I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND IF YOU 1450 00:50:16,120 --> 00:50:17,480 WANT TO STOP YOUR SHARE NOW, 1451 00:50:17,480 --> 00:50:18,680 ALTHOUGH THAT IS A BEAUTIFUL 1452 00:50:18,680 --> 00:50:20,200 PICTURE BUT WE'RE GOING TO MOVE 1453 00:50:20,200 --> 00:50:24,200 TO OUR QUESTION AND ANSWER 1454 00:50:24,200 --> 00:50:24,760 SESSION NOW. 1455 00:50:24,760 --> 00:50:28,680 AND I DID INVITE INTEREST OF OUR 1456 00:50:28,680 --> 00:50:29,560 VIDEOCAST MEMBERS THAT YOU ARE 1457 00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:30,840 WELCOME TO SUBMIT QUESTIONS 1458 00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:34,480 USING THE FEEDBACK FORM AND WE 1459 00:50:34,480 --> 00:50:36,280 WILL KICKOFF OUR QUESTION 1460 00:50:36,280 --> 00:50:41,560 SESSION BY GIVING DR. 'S LANG 1461 00:50:41,560 --> 00:50:43,240 EVINE AND SHURTLEFF WITH ANY 1462 00:50:43,240 --> 00:50:44,600 QUESTIONS THEY WANT TO KICKOFF. 1463 00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:45,920 I'M SURE THERE WAS INTERESTING 1464 00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:49,720 TO YOU, THE DEVELOPING MANY GOOD 1465 00:50:49,720 --> 00:50:52,160 THINGS IN THAT TALK, SO HELENE 1466 00:50:52,160 --> 00:50:53,480 WOULD YOU LIKE TO KICK IT OFF 1467 00:50:53,480 --> 00:50:54,360 WITH THE FIRST QUESTION. 1468 00:50:54,360 --> 00:50:56,560 >>FIRST OF ALL THANK YOU SO 1469 00:50:56,560 --> 00:50:56,800 MUCH. 1470 00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:58,560 THIS WAS JUST A LOVELY TALK, I 1471 00:50:58,560 --> 00:51:02,160 HAVE SO MANY QUESTIONS. 1472 00:51:02,160 --> 00:51:05,720 ONE QUESTION, I HAVE THAT'S, I 1473 00:51:05,720 --> 00:51:08,520 WONDER IF THIS HAS COME UP AT 1474 00:51:08,520 --> 00:51:10,240 ALL BUT, SO CLEARLY YOU'VE SHOWN 1475 00:51:10,240 --> 00:51:15,600 A LOT OF DATA ON SMOKING AND 1476 00:51:15,600 --> 00:51:17,160 PREGNANCY VERY CONVINCING. 1477 00:51:17,160 --> 00:51:19,920 I'M WONDERING IF YOU OR ANYONE 1478 00:51:19,920 --> 00:51:25,840 IS PAYING ATTENTION TO CAFFEINE? 1479 00:51:25,840 --> 00:51:28,840 THAT IS SUCH A COMMON STIMULANT 1480 00:51:28,840 --> 00:51:30,560 AND I'M JUST WONDERING WHETHER 1481 00:51:30,560 --> 00:51:35,880 PEOPLE HAVE LOOKED AT THAT, 1482 00:51:35,880 --> 00:51:38,960 EITHER BEFORE BIRTH OR DURING 1483 00:51:38,960 --> 00:51:41,120 THAT SENSITIVE PERIOD OF 1484 00:51:41,120 --> 00:51:41,480 POSTNATAL? 1485 00:51:41,480 --> 00:51:45,480 >>THAT IS SUCH AN EXCELLENT 1486 00:51:45,480 --> 00:51:46,000 QUESTION. 1487 00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:49,560 IN FACT, I HAVE RUN THESE 1488 00:51:49,560 --> 00:51:51,920 STUDIES DURING PERIODS OF MY OWN 1489 00:51:51,920 --> 00:51:54,880 2 PREGNANCIES AND I ACTUALLY HAD 1490 00:51:54,880 --> 00:51:56,480 AN UNDERGRADUATE POKE AROUND AT 1491 00:51:56,480 --> 00:52:00,280 THAT QUESTION FOR PARTLY 1492 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:01,640 SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY AND 1493 00:52:01,640 --> 00:52:03,440 WONDERING AS I DRINK COFFEE 1494 00:52:03,440 --> 00:52:06,400 DURING PREGNANCY HOW THAT MIGHT 1495 00:52:06,400 --> 00:52:06,880 IMPACT IT. 1496 00:52:06,880 --> 00:52:09,160 IN SOME OF OUR FETAL BEHAVIOR 1497 00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:10,800 STUDIES WE DID FIND SUBTLE 1498 00:52:10,800 --> 00:52:12,920 EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AS WELL AS 1499 00:52:12,920 --> 00:52:13,720 CAFFEINE INTERACTING WITH SOME 1500 00:52:13,720 --> 00:52:16,520 OF THE OTHER SUBSTANCES. 1501 00:52:16,520 --> 00:52:18,560 THERE'S NOT, AGAIN, THERE'S BEEN 1502 00:52:18,560 --> 00:52:21,040 LINKS WITH CAFFEINE AND 1503 00:52:21,040 --> 00:52:23,080 MISCARRIAGE BUT IT'S USUALLY 1504 00:52:23,080 --> 00:52:25,840 QUITE LARGE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE. 1505 00:52:25,840 --> 00:52:27,160 BUT IT'S NOT BEEN AGAIN BECAUSE 1506 00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:28,560 IT'S SORT OF NOT A SUBSTANCE 1507 00:52:28,560 --> 00:52:30,400 THAT SORT OF ON THE RADAR AND 1508 00:52:30,400 --> 00:52:33,240 SORT OF BROAD PUBLIC HEALTH 1509 00:52:33,240 --> 00:52:36,760 TERMS, IT'S NOT BEEN STUDIED 1510 00:52:36,760 --> 00:52:38,080 HUGE ENOUGH OR ADEQUATELY. 1511 00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:39,680 THE OTHER THING IS MOTHER WHO IS 1512 00:52:39,680 --> 00:52:42,040 SMOKE AND MOTHERS WHO USE OTHER 1513 00:52:42,040 --> 00:52:43,240 SUBSTANCES ARE MUCH, MUCH MORE 1514 00:52:43,240 --> 00:52:47,760 LIKELY TO USE CAFFEINE AND ALSO 1515 00:52:47,760 --> 00:52:49,480 TO USE ADDITIONAL--TO USE A LOT 1516 00:52:49,480 --> 00:52:49,760 OF CAFFEINE. 1517 00:52:49,760 --> 00:52:52,040 SO I THINK THAT'S REALLY 1518 00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:53,960 IMPORTANT AND AGAIN, IN SOME OF 1519 00:52:53,960 --> 00:52:55,280 OUR NOT PUBLISHED BUT WHEN WE'RE 1520 00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:57,000 LOOKING AT IT WITH OUR FETAL 1521 00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:58,400 DATA, THERE WERE INCREASED 1522 00:52:58,400 --> 00:53:00,200 EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND WE DO 1523 00:53:00,200 --> 00:53:01,840 TRY WHEN WE DO ULTRASOUND WORK 1524 00:53:01,840 --> 00:53:04,320 TO CONTROL IT TO HAVE MOTHERS, 1525 00:53:04,320 --> 00:53:05,640 CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF CAFFEINE 1526 00:53:05,640 --> 00:53:07,640 THAT THEY HAVE BEFORE COMING 1527 00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:08,120 INTO ULTRASOUND. 1528 00:53:08,120 --> 00:53:10,040 BUT I THINK THAT'S SUCH AN 1529 00:53:10,040 --> 00:53:11,520 IMPORTANT QUESTION AND IMPORTANT 1530 00:53:11,520 --> 00:53:13,440 AREA, I THINK THE EFFECTS ARE 1531 00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:17,680 LIKELY TO BE SEBTLE AND PROBABLY 1532 00:53:17,680 --> 00:53:18,960 MORE EXAGGERATED IN THE CONTEXT 1533 00:53:18,960 --> 00:53:20,360 OF OTHER SUBSTANCES AND OTHER 1534 00:53:20,360 --> 00:53:21,200 STRESSORS BUT I THINK IT'S 1535 00:53:21,200 --> 00:53:23,400 SOMETHING WE REALLY NEED TO LOOK 1536 00:53:23,400 --> 00:53:30,120 AT MORE. 1537 00:53:30,120 --> 00:53:31,240 >>DIFFICULT TO DO. 1538 00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:31,760 YEAH, YEAH. 1539 00:53:31,760 --> 00:53:36,280 >>ANY FOLLOW UP TO THAT HELENE 1540 00:53:36,280 --> 00:53:37,360 OR DAVID? 1541 00:53:37,360 --> 00:53:41,640 >>WONDERFUL LECTURE, I SEE HOW 1542 00:53:41,640 --> 00:53:43,080 YOU WORK SO WELL COORDINATES 1543 00:53:43,080 --> 00:53:44,360 WITH THE EFFORTS WE'RE TRYING TO 1544 00:53:44,360 --> 00:53:48,880 DO HERE AT NICCIH, LOOKING AT 1545 00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:50,720 INDIVIDUAL FAMILY, COMMUNITY 1546 00:53:50,720 --> 00:53:52,720 POPULATION EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1547 00:53:52,720 --> 00:53:53,600 DISEASE INTEGRATING 1548 00:53:53,600 --> 00:53:54,280 COMPLIMENTARY APPROACHES IN YOUR 1549 00:53:54,280 --> 00:53:55,360 OWN RESEARCH. 1550 00:53:55,360 --> 00:53:58,160 I THOUGHT IT WAS JUST A 1551 00:53:58,160 --> 00:53:59,640 WOBDERFUL TOUR DEFORCE RESEARCH 1552 00:53:59,640 --> 00:54:01,000 PROGRAM YOU HAVE, I'M VERY 1553 00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:02,160 IMPRESSED BY ALL OF IT. 1554 00:54:02,160 --> 00:54:04,800 I GUESS THE QUESTION I HAVE IS 1555 00:54:04,800 --> 00:54:06,000 MAYBE SHOULD GO YOU TOUCHED ON 1556 00:54:06,000 --> 00:54:09,360 BUT IF YOU COULD JUST GO IN A 1557 00:54:09,360 --> 00:54:11,720 BIT MORE DETAIL, OLD ENOUGH TO 1558 00:54:11,720 --> 00:54:15,760 REMEMBER THE WORK OF LINDA MAYS 1559 00:54:15,760 --> 00:54:17,720 AND THE CRACK BABIES AND THE 1560 00:54:17,720 --> 00:54:19,960 WORK SHE DID AND HOW THE ISSUE 1561 00:54:19,960 --> 00:54:22,080 THAT REALLY CAME UP, MORE THAN 1562 00:54:22,080 --> 00:54:25,040 WHAT WAS HAPPENING BIOLOGICALLY 1563 00:54:25,040 --> 00:54:28,320 SORE WITH COCAINE ITSELF, WHAT'S 1564 00:54:28,320 --> 00:54:30,040 THE STIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH NOT 1565 00:54:30,040 --> 00:54:31,280 ONLY THE MOTHERS BUT THE 1566 00:54:31,280 --> 00:54:35,280 OFFSPRING IN TERMS OF HOW THEY 1567 00:54:35,280 --> 00:54:36,160 WERE PERCEIVED AND THE STIGMA 1568 00:54:36,160 --> 00:54:38,280 ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR FUTURE 1569 00:54:38,280 --> 00:54:45,960 GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND HOW THAT 1570 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:46,560 IMPACTS THEIR OWN TRAJECTORY, 1571 00:54:46,560 --> 00:54:48,600 IT'S BAWND LAWEDDER DALE WAS 1572 00:54:48,600 --> 00:54:49,880 HAPPENING EITHER IN THE 1573 00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:51,480 ENVIRONMENT OR IN UTERO, HAVE 1574 00:54:51,480 --> 00:54:54,440 YOU THOUGHT ABOUT OR ADDRESSED 1575 00:54:54,440 --> 00:54:57,880 THE ISSUE OF STIGMA PARTICULARLY 1576 00:54:57,880 --> 00:54:58,480 AROUND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER 1577 00:54:58,480 --> 00:55:01,760 AND EXPOSURE TO THOSE INFANT WHO 1578 00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:03,560 IS MAY BE FRANKLY TREATED 1579 00:55:03,560 --> 00:55:05,480 DIFFERENTLY JUST BECAUSE OF THAT 1580 00:55:05,480 --> 00:55:10,600 1 EVENT EARLY IN L LIFE BEYOND 1581 00:55:10,600 --> 00:55:11,040 THEIR CONTROL. 1582 00:55:11,040 --> 00:55:13,000 ANY THOUGHTS YOU MIGHT HAVE ON 1583 00:55:13,000 --> 00:55:13,800 THAT. 1584 00:55:13,800 --> 00:55:15,200 , YEAH, SUCH A HUGELY IMPORTANT 1585 00:55:15,200 --> 00:55:17,440 QUESTION AND IT REALLY RELATES, 1586 00:55:17,440 --> 00:55:18,960 CAN GO SMOKING PROBABLY LE LESS 1587 00:55:18,960 --> 00:55:20,960 SO THAN COCAINE AND OPIATES. 1588 00:55:20,960 --> 00:55:23,120 BUT THERE'S SO MUCH STIGMA ON 1589 00:55:23,120 --> 00:55:25,600 ALL LEVELS AND IT LEADS TO, YOU 1590 00:55:25,600 --> 00:55:26,280 KNOW THERE'S REPORTING ISSUES 1591 00:55:26,280 --> 00:55:28,880 WHEN YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT EVEN 1592 00:55:28,880 --> 00:55:29,840 MARIJUANA IN SOME STATES THAT 1593 00:55:29,840 --> 00:55:31,600 THEY DON'T WANT TO TALK TO THEIR 1594 00:55:31,600 --> 00:55:32,680 PROVIDER ABOUT IT AND 1595 00:55:32,680 --> 00:55:35,520 POTENTIALLY GET THE HELP THAT 1596 00:55:35,520 --> 00:55:37,200 THEY NEED BECAUSE THEY'RE AFRAID 1597 00:55:37,200 --> 00:55:39,440 IT MAY HAVE IMPACT ON THEM BEING 1598 00:55:39,440 --> 00:55:41,480 ABLE TO KEEP THEIR INFANT OR 1599 00:55:41,480 --> 00:55:43,360 OTHER FACTORS HAVING CHILD 1600 00:55:43,360 --> 00:55:47,560 PROTECTIVE SERVICES INVOLVEMENT 1601 00:55:47,560 --> 00:55:49,000 THERE'S SO MUCH THERE AND ALL OF 1602 00:55:49,000 --> 00:55:53,240 THIS WORK, I THINK IS REALLY 1603 00:55:53,240 --> 00:55:54,720 IMPORTANT NOT TO--THAT EVEN 1604 00:55:54,720 --> 00:55:55,640 THOUGH THESE ARE SENSITIVE 1605 00:55:55,640 --> 00:55:57,000 PERIODS AND WHAT HAPPENS DURING 1606 00:55:57,000 --> 00:55:58,320 PREGNANCY IS IMPORTANT AND IT'S 1607 00:55:58,320 --> 00:55:59,400 AN IMPORTANT SENSITIVE PERIOD 1608 00:55:59,400 --> 00:56:03,720 FOR INTERVENING AND MAKING LIGHT 1609 00:56:03,720 --> 00:56:06,440 WITH PROTECTIVE EXPERIENCES, IT 1610 00:56:06,440 --> 00:56:08,480 ALSO ISN'T--EVEN ON A SORT OF 1611 00:56:08,480 --> 00:56:10,080 SMALLER LEVEL, SO EVEN, YOU KNOW 1612 00:56:10,080 --> 00:56:11,560 MOTHERS WHO DON'T EXERCISE, 1613 00:56:11,560 --> 00:56:13,560 MIGHT HAVE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN 1614 00:56:13,560 --> 00:56:14,920 THEIR INFANTS THAT I THINK IT'S 1615 00:56:14,920 --> 00:56:18,320 REALLY IMPORTANT NOT TO HAVE IT 1616 00:56:18,320 --> 00:56:19,440 BE A BLAMING SITUATION. 1617 00:56:19,440 --> 00:56:22,160 I THINK IT'S HARD ENOUGH TO BE A 1618 00:56:22,160 --> 00:56:23,320 PARENT IN OUR COUNTRY AS IT IS, 1619 00:56:23,320 --> 00:56:26,200 SO I THINK IT'S MORE--IT NEEDS 1620 00:56:26,200 --> 00:56:27,440 TO BE MORE STRENGTH BASED AND 1621 00:56:27,440 --> 00:56:32,440 MORE IN THE CONTEXT OF MOMS 1622 00:56:32,440 --> 00:56:34,560 PARENT AND BEING MORE OF A 1623 00:56:34,560 --> 00:56:37,320 SIMILAR TO HOW WE ARE TRYING TO 1624 00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:38,320 TREAT ALL ADDICTION THAT IT'S 1625 00:56:38,320 --> 00:56:39,920 SOMETHING THAT WE CAN WORK WITH 1626 00:56:39,920 --> 00:56:45,480 AND HELP PEOPLE WITH AS OPPOSE 1627 00:56:45,480 --> 00:56:47,560 TO SOMETHING THAT NEEDS TO BE 1628 00:56:47,560 --> 00:56:47,800 PUNITIVE. 1629 00:56:47,800 --> 00:56:48,920 BUT I THINK COCAINE WAS AN 1630 00:56:48,920 --> 00:56:51,400 EXAMPLE OF SOME OF THESE SUBTLE 1631 00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:52,360 EFFECTS THAT GOT MAGNIFIED IN 1632 00:56:52,360 --> 00:56:58,560 THE NEWS AND SORT OF IN THE END 1633 00:56:58,560 --> 00:56:59,840 IT TURNED OUT IT WAS SUBSTANCE 1634 00:56:59,840 --> 00:57:02,840 USE IN THE CONTEXT OF PARENTS 1635 00:57:02,840 --> 00:57:04,280 AND POVERTY AND ALL THESE 1636 00:57:04,280 --> 00:57:04,960 FACTORS THAT SUBSTANCE USE IS 1637 00:57:04,960 --> 00:57:07,280 JUST 1 PART OF IT AND EVEN WHEN 1638 00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:09,360 WE FIRST START DOING THIS 1639 00:57:09,360 --> 00:57:11,480 RESEARCH, WE WANTED TO MATCH, TO 1640 00:57:11,480 --> 00:57:12,760 HAVE MATCHED GROUP, THAT DIDN'T 1641 00:57:12,760 --> 00:57:18,120 SMOKE AND WHAT YOU REALIZE IS 1642 00:57:18,120 --> 00:57:20,560 THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE USING 1643 00:57:20,560 --> 00:57:21,600 SUBSTANCES TYPICALLY WHOSE HARD 1644 00:57:21,600 --> 00:57:22,960 TO FIND AND WHO'S THE SAME IN 1645 00:57:22,960 --> 00:57:24,200 EVERY WAY AS SOMEONE WHO IS 1646 00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:25,880 BECAUSE THAT MAY BE WHAT LED 1647 00:57:25,880 --> 00:57:28,560 THEM TO USE SUBSTANCES. 1648 00:57:28,560 --> 00:57:29,600 SO I THINK STIGMA IS HUGELY 1649 00:57:29,600 --> 00:57:32,160 IMPORTANT AND I THINK POLICIES 1650 00:57:32,160 --> 00:57:33,560 AROUND SUBSTANCE USE AND 1651 00:57:33,560 --> 00:57:34,560 PREGMANCY ARE SUCH AN IMPORTANT 1652 00:57:34,560 --> 00:57:36,040 AREA, THERE'S SO MUCH WORK TO DO 1653 00:57:36,040 --> 00:57:40,200 IN THAT TO MAKE THIS A SYSTEM 1654 00:57:40,200 --> 00:57:42,680 THAT HELPS, RATHER THAN--SO, 1655 00:57:42,680 --> 00:57:43,600 GREAT POINT. 1656 00:57:43,600 --> 00:57:44,240 >>THANK YOU. 1657 00:57:44,240 --> 00:57:46,520 VERY NICE. 1658 00:57:46,520 --> 00:57:46,800 THANK YOU. 1659 00:57:46,800 --> 00:57:48,160 >>SO DR. STROUD, WE WILL MOVE 1660 00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:50,560 TO QUESTIONS WE RECEIVED VIA 1661 00:57:50,560 --> 00:57:51,640 E-MAIL AND WE HAVE DROPPED THEM 1662 00:57:51,640 --> 00:57:56,080 INTO THE CHAT IF YOU WANT TO 1663 00:57:56,080 --> 00:57:58,160 FOLLOW ALONG BUT I WILL SHARE 1664 00:57:58,160 --> 00:57:58,520 THEM OUTLOUD. 1665 00:57:58,520 --> 00:58:01,280 SO FROM E-MAIL WE HEARD FROM 1666 00:58:01,280 --> 00:58:02,960 SOMEONE WHO ASKS A VERY 1667 00:58:02,960 --> 00:58:03,800 INTERESTING QUESTION, THEY'RE 1668 00:58:03,800 --> 00:58:06,640 CURIOUS TO HEAR IF THERE'S ANY 1669 00:58:06,640 --> 00:58:10,880 RESEARCH ON CHILDREN WHO WERE IN 1670 00:58:10,880 --> 00:58:13,040 UTERO DURING 9/11 AND WHAT HAS 1671 00:58:13,040 --> 00:58:16,240 BEEN POSSIBLY THEIR RESPONSE TO 1672 00:58:16,240 --> 00:58:19,440 COVID AND LOCK DOWN LATER IN 1673 00:58:19,440 --> 00:58:19,760 LIFE. 1674 00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:21,760 THESE WOULD HAVE BEEN CHILDREN 1675 00:58:21,760 --> 00:58:24,320 WHO HAVE HAD DISRUCHTED EARLY 1676 00:58:24,320 --> 00:58:27,760 YEARS SO I FIND IT AS 1677 00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:28,200 INTERESTING QUESTION. 1678 00:58:28,200 --> 00:58:30,160 I DON'T KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY 1679 00:58:30,160 --> 00:58:31,600 THOUGHTS OR ANY IS THAT MAYBE 1680 00:58:31,600 --> 00:58:35,520 OPENS UP A LINE OF QUESTIONING? 1681 00:58:35,520 --> 00:58:36,120 >>YEAH THAT'S FASCINATING. 1682 00:58:36,120 --> 00:58:37,360 WHEN I QUICKLY GLANCED I THOUGHT 1683 00:58:37,360 --> 00:58:40,840 IT WAS JUST A QUESTION ABOUT 1684 00:58:40,840 --> 00:58:44,080 WOMEN EXPOSED IN UTERO TO 9/11 1685 00:58:44,080 --> 00:58:45,720 AND THERE THEY HAVE BEEN STUDIED 1686 00:58:45,720 --> 00:58:47,000 AND THEIR OFFSPRING HAS BEEN 1687 00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:48,880 STUDIED BUT I DON'T KNOW IF 1688 00:58:48,880 --> 00:58:50,080 PEOPLE HAVE FOUND THE SAME KIDS 1689 00:58:50,080 --> 00:58:55,000 AND BEEN ABLE TO LOOK AT--I 1690 00:58:55,000 --> 00:58:55,840 ASSUME THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT 1691 00:58:55,840 --> 00:58:57,120 SENIOR YEAR IN HIGH SCHOOL AND I 1692 00:58:57,120 --> 00:58:59,920 THINK THAT COVID AND LOCK DOWN 1693 00:58:59,920 --> 00:59:01,880 WERE--HAD SUCH A HUGE IMPACT AT 1694 00:59:01,880 --> 00:59:03,640 EVERY LEVEL, I THINK FAMILIES 1695 00:59:03,640 --> 00:59:05,520 WITH LITTLE KIDS AND FAMILIES 1696 00:59:05,520 --> 00:59:07,640 WITH LITTLE KIDS WERE THE 1697 00:59:07,640 --> 00:59:10,280 MOST--HAD SO MUCH GOING ONA BUT 1698 00:59:10,280 --> 00:59:11,000 I ALSO THINK ADOLESCENCE WHO 1699 00:59:11,000 --> 00:59:13,240 WERE NOT ABLE TO HAVE A LOT OF 1700 00:59:13,240 --> 00:59:14,240 THESE DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES 1701 00:59:14,240 --> 00:59:14,920 AND SOCIAL MILESTONES THAT ARE 1702 00:59:14,920 --> 00:59:18,200 PART OF HIGH SCHOOL AND MIDDLE 1703 00:59:18,200 --> 00:59:20,200 SCHOOL, IT'S GOING TO--IT'LL BE 1704 00:59:20,200 --> 00:59:21,000 INTERESTING, WE WILL HAVE TO SEE 1705 00:59:21,000 --> 00:59:24,280 SORT OF HO YOU THAT UNFOLDS AND 1706 00:59:24,280 --> 00:59:26,080 HOW THAT IMPACTS THEIR 1707 00:59:26,080 --> 00:59:29,320 DEVELOPMENT BUT I DON'T OFFHAND 1708 00:59:29,320 --> 00:59:34,880 KNOW OF A STUDY OF WOMEN WHO 1709 00:59:34,880 --> 00:59:36,200 WERE EXPOSED DURING 9/11 AND 1710 00:59:36,200 --> 00:59:38,880 WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH THOSE 1711 00:59:38,880 --> 00:59:39,800 CHILDREN. 1712 00:59:39,800 --> 00:59:41,880 IN TERMS OF INFANTS WHO WERE 1713 00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:46,560 EXPOSED AND WHOSE MOTHERS WERE 1714 00:59:46,560 --> 00:59:47,120 EXPOSED--PREGNANT DURING THE 1715 00:59:47,120 --> 00:59:48,000 PANDEMIC, SOME OF THE 1716 00:59:48,000 --> 00:59:49,240 BEHAVIORIAL OUTCOMES HAVE BEEN 1717 00:59:49,240 --> 00:59:50,560 REALLY INTERESTING THAT IT'S 1718 00:59:50,560 --> 00:59:53,480 ACTUALLY APPEARS TO BE THE 1719 00:59:53,480 --> 00:59:54,480 EFFECTS ON BEHAVIORIAL WERE MUCH 1720 00:59:54,480 --> 00:59:55,720 MORE DUE TO LOCK DOWN AND SORT 1721 00:59:55,720 --> 00:59:57,240 OF A STRESS THAT NECESSARILY 1722 00:59:57,240 --> 01:00:00,920 WHETHER THE MOTHER HAD COVID OR 1723 01:00:00,920 --> 01:00:02,520 NOT SO THAT--ONCE AGAIN THE 1724 01:00:02,520 --> 01:00:04,040 WHOLE CONTEXT OF IT IS SORT OF 1725 01:00:04,040 --> 01:00:05,960 THIS WHOLE ALL THE DIFFERENT 1726 01:00:05,960 --> 01:00:07,360 EXPOSURES THAT ALL THE WOMEN 1727 01:00:07,360 --> 01:00:09,720 HAVE THAT HAD AN IMPACT ON THEIR 1728 01:00:09,720 --> 01:00:10,960 OFFSPRING WHICH AGAIN GIVE HOPE 1729 01:00:10,960 --> 01:00:14,680 THAT EVEN IN THE FACE OF THIS, 1730 01:00:14,680 --> 01:00:15,800 INFECTIOUS, THING WITH WHICH WE 1731 01:00:15,800 --> 01:00:17,640 KNOW CAN IMPACT THE DELIVERY AND 1732 01:00:17,640 --> 01:00:18,560 THE MEDICAL ASPECTS OF MEG 1733 01:00:18,560 --> 01:00:21,360 FRANCEY BUT IN TERMS OF CHILD 1734 01:00:21,360 --> 01:00:23,120 OUTCOMES AND BEHAVIOR, IT SEEMS 1735 01:00:23,120 --> 01:00:24,720 TO BE IN ITS CONTEXT THAT THE 1736 01:00:24,720 --> 01:00:26,800 CONTEXT OF WHETHER OR NOT THE 1737 01:00:26,800 --> 01:00:28,400 MOTHER HAD COVID WAS LESS 1738 01:00:28,400 --> 01:00:29,720 CRITICAL THAN SORT OF THE LOCK 1739 01:00:29,720 --> 01:00:34,360 DOWN AND ALL THE STRESS 1740 01:00:34,360 --> 01:00:34,880 ASSOCIATED WITH THAT. 1741 01:00:34,880 --> 01:00:36,040 >>THANK YOU: THAT IS 1742 01:00:36,040 --> 01:00:37,320 DEFINITELY AN INTERESTING 1743 01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:38,960 QUESTION, MOVING TO OUR NEXT 1744 01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:40,360 QUESTION, WE HEARD FROM SOMEBODY 1745 01:00:40,360 --> 01:00:42,200 WHO SAID SOME OF THE POSTNATAL 1746 01:00:42,200 --> 01:00:45,600 DIFFERENCES BE IT RELATED TO 1747 01:00:45,600 --> 01:00:46,800 ONGOING ENVIRONMENT, AND WHAT 1748 01:00:46,800 --> 01:00:47,840 ABOUT BABIES ADOPTED AT BIRTH 1749 01:00:47,840 --> 01:00:53,840 WHO ARE NO LONGER EXPOSED TO 1750 01:00:53,840 --> 01:00:54,360 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS? 1751 01:00:54,360 --> 01:00:55,600 WHAT MIGHT YOU HAVE AS THOUGHTS 1752 01:00:55,600 --> 01:00:57,440 THERE FOR THAT QUESTION? 1753 01:00:57,440 --> 01:01:01,320 >>YEAH, I MEAN, I THINK AGAIN 1754 01:01:01,320 --> 01:01:03,160 IT'S A BALANCE THAT PREGNANCY 1755 01:01:03,160 --> 01:01:05,200 AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT IS A 1756 01:01:05,200 --> 01:01:06,080 SENSITIVE PERIOD, BUT THERE'S 1757 01:01:06,080 --> 01:01:08,720 THE REST OF KIDS LIVES FOR 1758 01:01:08,720 --> 01:01:11,120 PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIP, 1759 01:01:11,120 --> 01:01:14,000 THERE'S A WHOLE YOU KNOW 18, 20 1760 01:01:14,000 --> 01:01:15,840 YEARS LATER OF PARENTING AND 1761 01:01:15,840 --> 01:01:18,200 LIFE EXPERIENCES THAT ALSO HAVE 1762 01:01:18,200 --> 01:01:20,680 AN IMPACT. 1763 01:01:20,680 --> 01:01:22,600 SO, I'VE EVEN HAD COLLEAGUES ASK 1764 01:01:22,600 --> 01:01:24,640 ABOUT ADOPTING A BABY WHO MIGHT 1765 01:01:24,640 --> 01:01:27,520 HAVE BEEN SUBSTANCE EXPOSED AND 1766 01:01:27,520 --> 01:01:28,440 AGAIN PATIENTING MATTERS SO MUCH 1767 01:01:28,440 --> 01:01:30,680 SO THERE MAY BE SOME SUBTLE 1768 01:01:30,680 --> 01:01:32,880 THINGS BUT THEY'RE SO MUCH MORE 1769 01:01:32,880 --> 01:01:34,880 EXAGGERATED IN THE CONTEXT OF A 1770 01:01:34,880 --> 01:01:35,640 SENSITIVE PARENTING WHICH AGAIN 1771 01:01:35,640 --> 01:01:38,440 IS AN AREA OF RESILIENCE AND 1772 01:01:38,440 --> 01:01:39,960 IT'S AN AREA THAT WE CAN 1773 01:01:39,960 --> 01:01:45,120 INTERVENE TO HELP IMPROVE 1774 01:01:45,120 --> 01:01:45,360 THINGS. 1775 01:01:45,360 --> 01:01:47,480 SO IT'S DEFINITELY THE POSTNATAL 1776 01:01:47,480 --> 01:01:51,400 ENVIRONMENT HAS A BIG IMPACT IN 1777 01:01:51,400 --> 01:01:51,960 ADDITION TO PRENATAL. 1778 01:01:51,960 --> 01:01:53,840 >>WE HAVE A QUESTION I THINK 1779 01:01:53,840 --> 01:01:55,440 FROM AN NIH COLLEAGUE THAT SAYS 1780 01:01:55,440 --> 01:01:58,440 WHEN YOU REFER TO PACES, 1781 01:01:58,440 --> 01:02:00,840 PROTECTIVE AND COMPETENCATORY 1782 01:02:00,840 --> 01:02:03,840 EXPERIENCES DO YOU ACTIVELY 1783 01:02:03,840 --> 01:02:04,920 DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PROTECTIVE 1784 01:02:04,920 --> 01:02:06,240 AND COMPENSATORY IN YOUR WORK 1785 01:02:06,240 --> 01:02:07,880 AND THEN THEY FOLLOW WITH 1786 01:02:07,880 --> 01:02:09,240 COMPENSATORY EXPERIENCES MAY NOT 1787 01:02:09,240 --> 01:02:13,960 LEAD TO THE SAME RESILIENCE 1788 01:02:13,960 --> 01:02:15,760 OUTCOMES AS PROTECTIVE 1789 01:02:15,760 --> 01:02:16,080 EXPERIENCES. 1790 01:02:16,080 --> 01:02:17,320 IS THERE DIFFERENTIATION THERE 1791 01:02:17,320 --> 01:02:18,760 YOU WOULD LIKE TO EXPLORE? 1792 01:02:18,760 --> 01:02:22,560 >>YEAH, I MEAN, I THINK AND 1793 01:02:22,560 --> 01:02:25,200 AGAIN, THIS IS--WE HAVE NOT YET 1794 01:02:25,200 --> 01:02:26,560 USE THE PACES APPROACH OR THAT 1795 01:02:26,560 --> 01:02:30,640 MEASURE, BUT I THINK THE IDEA IS 1796 01:02:30,640 --> 01:02:31,440 IERK DEALLY PROTECTIVE 1797 01:02:31,440 --> 01:02:33,240 EXPERIENCES MAY BE HAPPENING AT 1798 01:02:33,240 --> 01:02:33,880 THE SAME TIME. 1799 01:02:33,880 --> 01:02:36,840 WE'RE SORT OF PROTECTING 1800 01:02:36,840 --> 01:02:38,080 AGAINST, WELL, THE ADVERSE 1801 01:02:38,080 --> 01:02:39,080 CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES WHILE 1802 01:02:39,080 --> 01:02:40,440 THEY'RE HAPPENING BUT 1803 01:02:40,440 --> 01:02:41,600 COMPENSATORY MAY BE AFTER, SO IF 1804 01:02:41,600 --> 01:02:43,000 WE NOTICE THAT A BABY HAS 1805 01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:44,000 CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR THAT WE'RE 1806 01:02:44,000 --> 01:02:48,760 TRYING TO DO AN INTERVENTION TO 1807 01:02:48,760 --> 01:02:49,360 HELP. 1808 01:02:49,360 --> 01:02:51,520 SO PROTECTIVE IT WE CAN PREVENT 1809 01:02:51,520 --> 01:02:54,080 THE THINGS THAT'S HAPPENING 1810 01:02:54,080 --> 01:02:54,520 THAT'S DEVELOPMENTAL 1811 01:02:54,520 --> 01:02:55,640 ENDOCRINOLOGILY IMPORTANT. 1812 01:02:55,640 --> 01:02:57,360 OT OTHER HAND COMPENSATORY 1813 01:02:57,360 --> 01:02:58,600 EXPOSURES AND EXPERIENCES ARE 1814 01:02:58,600 --> 01:03:00,840 REALLY IMPORTANT AND IT'S REALLY 1815 01:03:00,840 --> 01:03:02,520 NOT EVEN IN ADULTHOOD, THERE ARE 1816 01:03:02,520 --> 01:03:04,520 THINGS THAT PEOPLE CAN DO FOR 1817 01:03:04,520 --> 01:03:06,000 RESILIENCE EVEN IF THEY HAD A 1818 01:03:06,000 --> 01:03:06,240 HISTORY. 1819 01:03:06,240 --> 01:03:07,720 IT'S BETTER AND EASIER IF WE CAN 1820 01:03:07,720 --> 01:03:10,840 DO IT EARLIER AND HAVE SUCH A 1821 01:03:10,840 --> 01:03:12,600 BIGGER IMPACT IF WE CAN BUT I 1822 01:03:12,600 --> 01:03:17,720 THINK THAT'S A REALLY, A REALLY 1823 01:03:17,720 --> 01:03:18,240 IMPORTANT POINT. 1824 01:03:18,240 --> 01:03:18,640 >>THANK YOU. 1825 01:03:18,640 --> 01:03:22,480 AND SO WE HAVE A PERSON WHO ASS 1826 01:03:22,480 --> 01:03:23,800 ARE YOU REVIEWING THE BODY OF 1827 01:03:23,800 --> 01:03:27,120 RESEARCH ON THE EFFICACY OF 1828 01:03:27,120 --> 01:03:30,000 MUSIC THERAPY METHODS IN 1829 01:03:30,000 --> 01:03:31,040 DECREASING STRESS RESPONSES? 1830 01:03:31,040 --> 01:03:32,400 >>I'M NOT PERSONALLY REVIEWING 1831 01:03:32,400 --> 01:03:35,120 IT BUT I HAD A STUDENT WHO'S NOW 1832 01:03:35,120 --> 01:03:36,520 A FACULTY MEMBER AT VANDERBILT 1833 01:03:36,520 --> 01:03:39,240 WHO DOES A LOT OF THIS WORK AND 1834 01:03:39,240 --> 01:03:41,760 STARTED HER WORK IN THE NICU 1835 01:03:41,760 --> 01:03:42,720 WHERE THEY WERE PLAYING MUSIC 1836 01:03:42,720 --> 01:03:44,360 AND THERE'S PEOPLE ACTIVELY 1837 01:03:44,360 --> 01:03:46,040 STUDYING SORT OF THE IMPACT OF 1838 01:03:46,040 --> 01:03:47,760 MUSIC ON BABIES WHO ARE BORN 1839 01:03:47,760 --> 01:03:49,600 EARLY OR BABIES WHO ARE IN THE 1840 01:03:49,600 --> 01:03:51,320 NICU FOR OTHER REASONS, SO I 1841 01:03:51,320 --> 01:03:54,200 THINK MUSIC IS HUGELY IMPORTANT 1842 01:03:54,200 --> 01:03:56,560 AND THERE'S SOME ASPECTS AS KIDS 1843 01:03:56,560 --> 01:03:57,960 GET OLDER OF MUSIC WITH OTHERS 1844 01:03:57,960 --> 01:03:59,880 SO YOU GET THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF 1845 01:03:59,880 --> 01:04:02,160 MUSIC, TOO, BUT I THINK THAT'S A 1846 01:04:02,160 --> 01:04:03,160 REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT AREA OF 1847 01:04:03,160 --> 01:04:08,200 RESEARCH AND I NOTICED THAT 1848 01:04:08,200 --> 01:04:12,240 NCCIH HAS A GRANT OR 2 IN YOUR 1849 01:04:12,240 --> 01:04:14,520 PORTFOLIO, I BELIEVE 1 OF THEM 1850 01:04:14,520 --> 01:04:15,680 WAS WITH KIDS. 1851 01:04:15,680 --> 01:04:17,080 >>I BELIEVE SO. 1852 01:04:17,080 --> 01:04:21,360 OUR NEXT QUESTION, ARE YOU 1853 01:04:21,360 --> 01:04:22,320 MONITORING NUTRIFILL LYMPHOCYTE 1854 01:04:22,320 --> 01:04:25,680 RATIO OR OTHER 1855 01:04:25,680 --> 01:04:26,360 INFLAMMATORYOXIDATIVE STRESS 1856 01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:30,160 BIOMARKERS IN YOUR RESEARCH 1857 01:04:30,160 --> 01:04:30,400 COHORTS? 1858 01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:31,920 >>WE'VE COLLECTED, WE HAVE NOT 1859 01:04:31,920 --> 01:04:34,120 ANALYZED IT, BUT THAT'S AN 1860 01:04:34,120 --> 01:04:34,760 IMPORTANT, IT'S PARTICULARLY 1861 01:04:34,760 --> 01:04:36,960 WHEN LOOKING AT PRENATAL 1862 01:04:36,960 --> 01:04:38,360 PROGRAMMING, INFLAMMATION 1863 01:04:38,360 --> 01:04:40,080 APPEARS TO BE HIGHLY RELATED TO 1864 01:04:40,080 --> 01:04:41,600 INFANT OUTCOMES AND MAYBE MORE 1865 01:04:41,600 --> 01:04:44,400 OF A MEDIATOR THAN SORT SOL. 1866 01:04:44,400 --> 01:04:46,400 CORTISOL SEEMS TO HAVE ALMOST A 1867 01:04:46,400 --> 01:04:47,160 SEPARATE EFFECT ON INFANT 1868 01:04:47,160 --> 01:04:48,240 OUTCOMES AND STRESS AND IT MAY 1869 01:04:48,240 --> 01:04:51,280 NOT BE THE WAY THAT STRESS IS 1870 01:04:51,280 --> 01:04:53,480 MEDIATED LEADING TO BEHAVIORIAL 1871 01:04:53,480 --> 01:04:54,200 DIFFERENCES. 1872 01:04:54,200 --> 01:04:57,640 BUT THAT'S ANOTHER REALLY 1873 01:04:57,640 --> 01:04:58,600 IMPORTANT AREA. 1874 01:04:58,600 --> 01:04:58,920 >>GREAT. 1875 01:04:58,920 --> 01:05:02,800 OUR NEXT QUESTION COMES FROM 1876 01:05:02,800 --> 01:05:06,560 SOMEONE WHO WORKS IN EARLY 1877 01:05:06,560 --> 01:05:08,000 RELATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN 1878 01:05:08,000 --> 01:05:10,760 THE NICU ENVIRONMENT AS A 1879 01:05:10,760 --> 01:05:11,720 NEUROPROTECTIVE INTERVENTION FOR 1880 01:05:11,720 --> 01:05:12,880 INFANTS AND TRAUMA DISRUPTION 1881 01:05:12,880 --> 01:05:14,920 FOR MOTHERS AND INFANTS. 1882 01:05:14,920 --> 01:05:17,440 SO MANY FACTORS THAT LEAD TO 1883 01:05:17,440 --> 01:05:20,280 INFANT STRESS IN UTERO INCLUDING 1884 01:05:20,280 --> 01:05:22,640 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND 1885 01:05:22,640 --> 01:05:23,760 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS, ALSO 1886 01:05:23,760 --> 01:05:26,000 LEAD TO NICU STATES AND THEN 1887 01:05:26,000 --> 01:05:26,600 THEY ASKED THE PRINCIPAL 1888 01:05:26,600 --> 01:05:28,120 QUESTION, DO YOU HAVE ANY PLANS 1889 01:05:28,120 --> 01:05:36,200 TO EXPAND RESEARCH INTO THE NICU 1890 01:05:36,200 --> 01:05:36,600 ENVIRONMENT? 1891 01:05:36,600 --> 01:05:37,040 >>MH-HMM. 1892 01:05:37,040 --> 01:05:38,880 >>YOU'RE FINE, WE CAN HEAR YOU. 1893 01:05:38,880 --> 01:05:40,000 >>OKAY. 1894 01:05:40,000 --> 01:05:40,960 CAN YOU SEE ME? 1895 01:05:40,960 --> 01:05:41,800 >>YES. 1896 01:05:41,800 --> 01:05:42,520 >>OKAY. 1897 01:05:42,520 --> 01:05:45,560 OKAY, MY CAMERA WENT BRACK FOR 1898 01:05:45,560 --> 01:05:45,880 SOME REASON. 1899 01:05:45,880 --> 01:05:48,200 YEAH, YEAH, THE NICU IS SUCH AN 1900 01:05:48,200 --> 01:05:49,400 IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING 1901 01:05:49,400 --> 01:05:51,400 ENVIRONMENT AND ANOTHER SORT OF 1902 01:05:51,400 --> 01:05:52,920 SENSITIVE HIGH STRESS PERIOD 1903 01:05:52,920 --> 01:05:55,480 WHERE SMALL CHANGES CAN HAVE A 1904 01:05:55,480 --> 01:05:57,040 REALLY BIG IMPACT AGAIN, THERE'S 1905 01:05:57,040 --> 01:05:58,360 MUSIC RESEARCH AND OTHERS SO, 1906 01:05:58,360 --> 01:06:01,560 AND THERE'S WAYS TO GET--BECAUSE 1907 01:06:01,560 --> 01:06:03,800 BABIES WHO ARE BORN SMALL OR 1908 01:06:03,800 --> 01:06:05,360 PREMATURE HAVE MUCH LESS SALIVA, 1909 01:06:05,360 --> 01:06:07,560 THERE'S WAYS TO GET SALIVA FROM 1910 01:06:07,560 --> 01:06:09,760 BABIES AT THAT AGE, SO IT'S A 1911 01:06:09,760 --> 01:06:11,920 REALLY IMPORTANT AREA AND AS WE 1912 01:06:11,920 --> 01:06:14,120 KNOW, PARTICULARLY SMOKING AND 1913 01:06:14,120 --> 01:06:16,720 PREGNANCY BUT ALSO MARIJUANA 1914 01:06:16,720 --> 01:06:18,040 SUBSTANCES LEAD TO BABIES BORN 1915 01:06:18,040 --> 01:06:21,640 SMALL OR EARLY, SO AND WE CAN 1916 01:06:21,640 --> 01:06:23,000 HAVE A LARGE IMPACT. 1917 01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:24,560 OUR HOSPITAL, THE WOMEN AND 1918 01:06:24,560 --> 01:06:26,160 INFANTS HOSPITAL IN PROVIDENCE, 1919 01:06:26,160 --> 01:06:27,840 A NUMBER OF YEARS BACK, STARTED 1920 01:06:27,840 --> 01:06:32,200 TO HAVE A NICU WITH SINGLE ROOMS 1921 01:06:32,200 --> 01:06:35,320 FOR MOTHERS AND INSTEAD OF A 1922 01:06:35,320 --> 01:06:36,960 LARGE ROOM WITH BELLS RINGING 1923 01:06:36,960 --> 01:06:38,600 AND LOUD NOISES AND THERE'S BEEN 1924 01:06:38,600 --> 01:06:39,320 RESEARCH THAT THAT ENVIRONMENT, 1925 01:06:39,320 --> 01:06:41,360 THAT SOME OF THE EEVENGHTS OF 1926 01:06:41,360 --> 01:06:44,000 PREMATURITY MAY BE ACTUALLY SORT 1927 01:06:44,000 --> 01:06:45,760 IN THIS LOUD STRESSFUL NICU 1928 01:06:45,760 --> 01:06:46,200 ENVIRONMENT. 1929 01:06:46,200 --> 01:06:47,360 SO THERE'S SOME WORK THAT WAS 1930 01:06:47,360 --> 01:06:50,240 DONE HERE WHEN THEY SWITCHED 1931 01:06:50,240 --> 01:06:53,080 FROM A LARGE SINGLE ROOM NICU TO 1932 01:06:53,080 --> 01:06:54,360 HAVING INDIVIDUAL PLACES FOR 1933 01:06:54,360 --> 01:06:56,120 MOMS AND HAVING SORT OF A MUCH 1934 01:06:56,120 --> 01:06:57,800 MORE FAMILY CENTERED NICU. 1935 01:06:57,800 --> 01:06:58,960 SO THAT'S ANOTHER GREAT AREA OF 1936 01:06:58,960 --> 01:07:01,920 RESEARCH THEY WOULD LOVE TO DO. 1937 01:07:01,920 --> 01:07:03,480 >>SO WE HAVE JUST A COUPLE MORE 1938 01:07:03,480 --> 01:07:04,680 QUESTIONS HERE AND THEN WE WILL 1939 01:07:04,680 --> 01:07:06,560 TRY TO GET TO BOTH OF THESE AND 1940 01:07:06,560 --> 01:07:07,320 THEN WE WILL PROBABLY WIND 1941 01:07:07,320 --> 01:07:08,920 THINGS DOWN FOR THE Q&A. 1942 01:07:08,920 --> 01:07:09,960 SO THE 1 QUESTION WE HAVE HERE 1943 01:07:09,960 --> 01:07:13,120 IS HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY LINKS 1944 01:07:13,120 --> 01:07:14,520 BETWEEN YOUR CHANGES IN FETAL 1945 01:07:14,520 --> 01:07:17,960 BEHAVIOR AND LATER TWEPMENTAL 1946 01:07:17,960 --> 01:07:19,840 OUTCOMES, GIVEN THE FINDINGS ON 1947 01:07:19,840 --> 01:07:21,160 MARIJUANA USE, DO YOU FEEL 1948 01:07:21,160 --> 01:07:23,240 THERE'S URGENT NEED FOR PUBLIC 1949 01:07:23,240 --> 01:07:29,000 EDUCATION, CAMPAIGN ON THIS, 1950 01:07:29,000 --> 01:07:30,360 GIVEN INCREASING NEWS. 1951 01:07:30,360 --> 01:07:31,920 THOUGHTS THERE? 1952 01:07:31,920 --> 01:07:33,840 >>YES, YES, DEFINITELY, YES, 1953 01:07:33,840 --> 01:07:35,040 THERE HAS--THERE HAS BEEN 1954 01:07:35,040 --> 01:07:37,840 STUDIES LIKE IN FETAL BEHAVIOR, 1955 01:07:37,840 --> 01:07:39,160 ALL THE WAY TO CHILD 1956 01:07:39,160 --> 01:07:42,040 DEVELOPMENT, MANY MORE WITH 1957 01:07:42,040 --> 01:07:43,280 FETAL BEHAVIOR, LEADING TO 1958 01:07:43,280 --> 01:07:45,320 INFANT BEHAVIOR AND WE KNOW THAT 1959 01:07:45,320 --> 01:07:46,600 INFANT BEHAVIOR, LEADS TO CHILD 1960 01:07:46,600 --> 01:07:47,560 BEHAVIOR SO IT'S LIKELY THAT 1961 01:07:47,560 --> 01:07:52,560 IT'S SORT OF THIS LONG-TERM 1962 01:07:52,560 --> 01:07:57,400 PERSPECTIVE LINKS. 1963 01:07:57,400 --> 01:07:59,640 THE QUESTION ABOUT MARIJUANA USE 1964 01:07:59,640 --> 01:08:01,080 IS REALLY IMPORTANT I THINK AND 1965 01:08:01,080 --> 01:08:04,480 IT'S A SIMILAR ISSUE WITH 1966 01:08:04,480 --> 01:08:07,040 E-CIGARETTE USE, SO, PEOPLE 1967 01:08:07,040 --> 01:08:07,920 PERCEIVE BECAUSE MARIJUANA HAS 1968 01:08:07,920 --> 01:08:09,320 BEEN LEGALIZED I THINK THERE'S 1969 01:08:09,320 --> 01:08:11,240 THE PERCEPTION THAT LEGALIZATION 1970 01:08:11,240 --> 01:08:13,160 MEANINGS SAFETY AND I THINK 1971 01:08:13,160 --> 01:08:14,600 THERE'S A PERCEPTION BOTH WITH 1972 01:08:14,600 --> 01:08:16,440 ROUGH ATOM VIEDERS AND WITH 1973 01:08:16,440 --> 01:08:19,440 WOMEN WHO ARE USING THAT THIS 1974 01:08:19,440 --> 01:08:21,200 MAY BE HELPFUL FOR--THAT THIS 1975 01:08:21,200 --> 01:08:24,040 MAY NOT BE HARMFUL TO INFANTS 1976 01:08:24,040 --> 01:08:26,520 AND I THINK THERE'S BEEN MORE 1977 01:08:26,520 --> 01:08:28,960 EDUCATION, ACOG HAS PUT OUT 1978 01:08:28,960 --> 01:08:30,520 STATEMENTS AND PEDEIATE RICKS 1979 01:08:30,520 --> 01:08:33,800 HAS PUT OUT STATEMENTS, BUT I 1980 01:08:33,800 --> 01:08:35,640 THINK THERE DEFINITELY NEEDS TO 1981 01:08:35,640 --> 01:08:38,640 BE LARGER EDUCATION CAMPAIGN AND 1982 01:08:38,640 --> 01:08:41,160 I THINK THAT THE WAY THAT 1983 01:08:41,160 --> 01:08:42,240 MARIJUANA SORT OF CAME ABOUT 1984 01:08:42,240 --> 01:08:44,720 HERE IS THROUGH THIS 1985 01:08:44,720 --> 01:08:46,000 MEDICALIZATION. 1986 01:08:46,000 --> 01:08:47,280 ONE THING WE FOUND IN WORKING 1987 01:08:47,280 --> 01:08:50,680 WITH MOMS WHO USE MARIJUANA IN 1988 01:08:50,680 --> 01:08:53,360 PREGNANCY IS THAT FOR SMOKING 1989 01:08:53,360 --> 01:08:55,120 THEY WILL TALK ABOUT USING IT 1990 01:08:55,120 --> 01:08:58,640 BECAUSE THEY'RE STRESSED OR 1991 01:08:58,640 --> 01:08:58,920 ADDICTED. 1992 01:08:58,920 --> 01:09:04,280 WE OFTEN SEE REASONS FOR USE ARE 1993 01:09:04,280 --> 01:09:05,760 FOR ANXIETY, PAIN, CAN'T SLEEP, 1994 01:09:05,760 --> 01:09:07,800 SO IT'S USED FOR MEDICAL REASONS 1995 01:09:07,800 --> 01:09:09,680 DESPITE WOMEN NOT NECESSARILY 1996 01:09:09,680 --> 01:09:12,640 HAVING A MEDICAL CARD TO GET 1997 01:09:12,640 --> 01:09:13,080 MARIJUANA. 1998 01:09:13,080 --> 01:09:14,960 BUT IT'S SEEN AS SOMETHING THAT 1999 01:09:14,960 --> 01:09:16,800 COULD BE USED FOR MEDICAL 2000 01:09:16,800 --> 01:09:18,600 REASONS AND LESS THOUGHT ABOUT 2001 01:09:18,600 --> 01:09:21,080 SORT OF WHAT HAPPENS WITH INFANT 2002 01:09:21,080 --> 01:09:21,320 OUTCOMES. 2003 01:09:21,320 --> 01:09:23,440 THE OTHER THING IS, UNLIKE 2004 01:09:23,440 --> 01:09:25,240 THINGS LIKE OPIATES AND EVEN 2005 01:09:25,240 --> 01:09:26,920 TOBACCO, THERE'S LESS OF AN 2006 01:09:26,920 --> 01:09:29,520 INFANT SORT OF WITHDRAWALS 2007 01:09:29,520 --> 01:09:30,840 SYNDROME AT BIRTH WITH MARIJUANA 2008 01:09:30,840 --> 01:09:32,760 SO I THINK IT DOESN'T GET SORT 2009 01:09:32,760 --> 01:09:35,720 OF IN THE NEWS AS MUCH AS SOME 2010 01:09:35,720 --> 01:09:38,600 OTHER DRUG WHERE BABIES ARE BORN 2011 01:09:38,600 --> 01:09:41,160 LOOKING DIFFERENT. 2012 01:09:41,160 --> 01:09:42,000 ALTHOUGH, THERE--IT IS APPARENT 2013 01:09:42,000 --> 01:09:44,680 THAT THERE ARE EFFECTS ON LOW 2014 01:09:44,680 --> 01:09:45,480 BIRTH WEIGHT AND PREMATURITY AND 2015 01:09:45,480 --> 01:09:47,800 SOME OF THE SAME THINGS WE SEE 2016 01:09:47,800 --> 01:09:48,240 WITH TOBACCO. 2017 01:09:48,240 --> 01:09:50,040 I THINK THE OTHER THING, I CAN 2018 01:09:50,040 --> 01:09:51,840 GO ON FOR THIS FOR A WHILE, I 2019 01:09:51,840 --> 01:09:54,200 THINK THE OTHER THING RELATED TO 2020 01:09:54,200 --> 01:09:56,640 MARIJUANA IS IT IS SO OFTEN CO 2021 01:09:56,640 --> 01:09:57,960 USED WITH TOBACCO AND WE ALREADY 2022 01:09:57,960 --> 01:10:00,280 KNOW THAT TOBACCO CAUSES SO MANY 2023 01:10:00,280 --> 01:10:00,960 MEDICAL ISSUES. 2024 01:10:00,960 --> 01:10:04,640 FOR BOTH MOM AND BABY. 2025 01:10:04,640 --> 01:10:05,520 >>THERE'S DEFINITELY MORE TO 2026 01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:06,240 DIG INTO THERE. 2027 01:10:06,240 --> 01:10:07,480 AND OUR FINAL QUESTION AND THEN 2028 01:10:07,480 --> 01:10:09,280 WE HAVE I THINK A NICE COMMENT 2029 01:10:09,280 --> 01:10:11,600 THAT WE CAN CONCLUDE WITH, BUT 2030 01:10:11,600 --> 01:10:13,160 OUR FINAL QUESTION IS WHAT 2031 01:10:13,160 --> 01:10:15,160 STUDIES ARE YOU AWARE OF THAT 2032 01:10:15,160 --> 01:10:19,200 EXPLORE THE LINK IF ANY BETWEEN 2033 01:10:19,200 --> 01:10:20,840 PATERNAL SUBSTANCE USE, OR 2034 01:10:20,840 --> 01:10:22,040 MATERNAL NONCARRYING PARENT IN 2035 01:10:22,040 --> 01:10:24,600 THE SAME SEX RELATIONSHIP AND 2036 01:10:24,600 --> 01:10:26,600 INDIVIDUAL OR GENERATIONAL 2037 01:10:26,600 --> 01:10:27,560 EFFECTS ON RESILIENCE. 2038 01:10:27,560 --> 01:10:32,240 SO THE PARTNER IN SUBSTANCE USE? 2039 01:10:32,240 --> 01:10:33,320 >>THAT'S SUCH AN IMPORTANT 2040 01:10:33,320 --> 01:10:33,520 POINT. 2041 01:10:33,520 --> 01:10:36,160 WITH SOME OF THE SMOKING STUDIES 2042 01:10:36,160 --> 01:10:37,720 OFTEN, IT WILL IN ORDER TO SHOW 2043 01:10:37,720 --> 01:10:40,240 THAT IT'S THE EFFECT OF 2044 01:10:40,240 --> 01:10:41,560 PREGNANCY SMOKING, THEY WILL 2045 01:10:41,560 --> 01:10:43,200 LOOK AT DAD SMOKING DURING THE 2046 01:10:43,200 --> 01:10:45,680 SAME PERIOD OF TIME AS SORT OF A 2047 01:10:45,680 --> 01:10:48,960 CONTROL AND TYPICALLY DON'T FIND 2048 01:10:48,960 --> 01:10:50,600 EFFECTS, IT'S INTERESTING, 2049 01:10:50,600 --> 01:10:54,160 THERE'S BEEN ANIMAL STUDIES WITH 2050 01:10:54,160 --> 01:10:57,200 THC, THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN 2051 01:10:57,200 --> 01:10:59,000 CANNABIS WHERE EVEN ADOLESCENT 2052 01:10:59,000 --> 01:11:02,600 USE IS THEN TRANSMITTED TO--SO 2053 01:11:02,600 --> 01:11:05,960 USE IN ADOLESCENCE PRIOR TO 2054 01:11:05,960 --> 01:11:08,920 PREGNANCY OR CONCEPTION, IS 2055 01:11:08,920 --> 01:11:10,000 STILL LINKED TO 2056 01:11:10,000 --> 01:11:10,640 TRANSGENERATEDDATIONAL 2057 01:11:10,640 --> 01:11:11,600 TRANSMISSION, I THINK THERE'S 2058 01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:12,760 LESS SEEN OF THAT. 2059 01:11:12,760 --> 01:11:14,640 THERE'S NOT EVIDENCE SO MUCH OF 2060 01:11:14,640 --> 01:11:17,360 THAT IN HUMANS BUT I THINK 2061 01:11:17,360 --> 01:11:20,000 LOOKING AT SUBSTANCE USE IN 2062 01:11:20,000 --> 01:11:21,120 PARTNERS, PARTICULARLY AFFECTS 2063 01:11:21,120 --> 01:11:24,200 OF SECOND HAND SMOKE AND USE OF 2064 01:11:24,200 --> 01:11:25,120 SUBSTANCES PRIOR TO--WE KNOW 2065 01:11:25,120 --> 01:11:29,120 THAT SORT OF IT'S THIS LONG-TERM 2066 01:11:29,120 --> 01:11:29,960 CUMULATIVE EFFECT THAT SUBSTANCE 2067 01:11:29,960 --> 01:11:31,200 IS NOT STRESSED OVER THE 2068 01:11:31,200 --> 01:11:34,000 LIFETIME THAT MAY IMPACT THE 2069 01:11:34,000 --> 01:11:35,120 NEXT GENERATION, SO FATHER 2070 01:11:35,120 --> 01:11:36,200 SUBSTANCE USE IS DEFINITELY 2071 01:11:36,200 --> 01:11:38,520 IMPORTANT AND SOMETHING TO BE 2072 01:11:38,520 --> 01:11:39,320 LOOKED AT. 2073 01:11:39,320 --> 01:11:42,040 BUT, SO FAR, IT DOES NOT SEEM 2074 01:11:42,040 --> 01:11:44,280 TO--THERE'S NOT AS MUCH EVIDENCE 2075 01:11:44,280 --> 01:11:46,120 FOR TRANSGENERATIONAL, AS WITH 2076 01:11:46,120 --> 01:11:46,440 ANIMAL MODELS. 2077 01:11:46,440 --> 01:11:48,160 >>WELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH 2078 01:11:48,160 --> 01:11:48,480 DR. STROUD. 2079 01:11:48,480 --> 01:11:49,920 I WANT TO SHARE THIS FINAL 2080 01:11:49,920 --> 01:11:51,240 COMMENT WE HAVE FROM 1 OF OUR 2081 01:11:51,240 --> 01:11:54,520 VIEWERS THAT THEY JUST WANT TO 2082 01:11:54,520 --> 01:11:56,600 SEND APPRECIATION TO YOU 2083 01:11:56,600 --> 01:11:58,440 DR. STROUD FOR YOUR UPLIFTING 2084 01:11:58,440 --> 01:11:59,760 MESSAGE REGARDING NO NEED TO 2085 01:11:59,760 --> 01:12:01,200 THROW STIGMA INTO THE MIX AND 2086 01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:04,640 ALSO YOUR COMMENTS REGARDING THE 2087 01:12:04,640 --> 01:12:07,240 IMPORTANCE OF PARENTAL INFLUENCE 2088 01:12:07,240 --> 01:12:07,680 OVERCOMING ADVERSITY. 2089 01:12:07,680 --> 01:12:09,280 SO, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SUCH A 2090 01:12:09,280 --> 01:12:10,280 WONDERFUL TALK AND I THINK AT 2091 01:12:10,280 --> 01:12:14,120 THIS POINT IN TIME, HELENE, ANY 2092 01:12:14,120 --> 01:12:16,040 FINAL THOUGHTSAs WE BRING IT 2093 01:12:16,040 --> 01:12:19,200 TO CONCLUSION TODAY? 2094 01:12:19,200 --> 01:12:19,400 DAVID? 2095 01:12:19,400 --> 01:12:21,760 >>WELL I WANT TO THANK YOU 2096 01:12:21,760 --> 01:12:22,120 AGAIN. 2097 01:12:22,120 --> 01:12:23,440 IT'S INSPIRATIONAL WORK AND I 2098 01:12:23,440 --> 01:12:25,760 REALLY SO MUCH APPRECIATE YOU 2099 01:12:25,760 --> 01:12:27,200 GIVING THIS WONDERFUL SNAPSHOT 2100 01:12:27,200 --> 01:12:30,960 OF ALL THE PROJECTS THAT ARE 2101 01:12:30,960 --> 01:12:33,120 HAPPENING WITH YOUR TRAINEES, 2102 01:12:33,120 --> 01:12:34,840 SOUNDS LIKE IT'S JUST AN 2103 01:12:34,840 --> 01:12:36,400 INCREDIBLE GROUP OF TRAINEES AND 2104 01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:41,360 IT'S LOVELY TO SEE HOW A GRANT 2105 01:12:41,360 --> 01:12:44,360 SUCH AS THE CORI GRANT IS ABLE 2106 01:12:44,360 --> 01:12:46,760 TO REALLY ACCELERATE THAT. 2107 01:12:46,760 --> 01:12:51,120 JUST THE MODEL OF WHAT THIS TYPE 2108 01:12:51,120 --> 01:12:56,760 OF PROGRAM, ATTEMPTS TO DO, SO 2109 01:12:56,760 --> 01:13:00,600 BRAVO TO YOU TO DO SUCH GOOD 2110 01:13:00,600 --> 01:13:01,440 WORK WITH IT. 2111 01:13:01,440 --> 01:13:02,640 >>BRAVO TO ALL THE EARLY CAREER 2112 01:13:02,640 --> 01:13:04,400 FOLKS THAT ARE DOING THE AMAZING 2113 01:13:04,400 --> 01:13:07,120 WORK BUT IT IS THE MOST FUN PART 2114 01:13:07,120 --> 01:13:09,440 OF HAVING THE COBRE, IN A SMALL 2115 01:13:09,440 --> 01:13:11,480 WAY WE GET TO BE NIH AND GIVE 2116 01:13:11,480 --> 01:13:12,760 GRANTS TO EARLY CAREER 2117 01:13:12,760 --> 01:13:13,680 INVESTIGATORS AND IT'S JUST SUCH 2118 01:13:13,680 --> 01:13:15,040 A PLEASURE TO SEE ALL THE 2119 01:13:15,040 --> 01:13:16,240 EXCITING IDEAS THAT I COME UP 2120 01:13:16,240 --> 01:13:18,200 WITH AND BEING ABLE TO GIVE THEM 2121 01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:19,680 SEED FUNDING THAT WILL HOPEFULLY 2122 01:13:19,680 --> 01:13:22,720 LEAD THEM TO APPLY FOR FULL RO-1 2123 01:13:22,720 --> 01:13:24,920 FUNDING SO THE COBRE CAN'T SAY 2124 01:13:24,920 --> 01:13:26,240 ENOUGH GOOD THINGS ABOUT THAT 2125 01:13:26,240 --> 01:13:28,040 MECHANISM FOR EARLY CAREER 2126 01:13:28,040 --> 01:13:30,160 FACULTY AND THE T FOR TRAINEES. 2127 01:13:30,160 --> 01:13:32,120 >>WELL THAT IS FANTASTIC, THANK 2128 01:13:32,120 --> 01:13:33,680 YOU SO MUCH DR. STROUD AND THANK 2129 01:13:33,680 --> 01:13:36,840 YOU EVERYONE WHO JOINED US ON 2130 01:13:36,840 --> 01:13:38,520 VIDEOCAST OR FACEBOOK LIVE. 2131 01:13:38,520 --> 01:13:42,960 DO BE AWARE THAT WE DID HAVE 2132 01:13:42,960 --> 01:13:44,840 THIS RECORDED AND IT WILL BE 2133 01:13:44,840 --> 01:13:46,480 ARCHIVED FOR FUTURE VIEWING ON 2134 01:13:46,480 --> 01:13:48,320 THE NIH VIDEOCAST WEBSITE, 2135 01:13:48,320 --> 01:13:51,480 PROBABLY IN A FEW DAYS AND SO, 2136 01:13:51,480 --> 01:13:54,120 THANK YOU AND HAVE A WONDERFUL 2137 01:13:54,120 --> 01:13:56,120 AFTERNOON WHEREVER YOU MAY BE 2138 01:13:56,120 --> 01:13:57,680 AND THANKS FOR JOINING US TODAY 2139 01:13:57,680 --> 01:13:59,960 AND THANK YOU AGAIN, DR. STROUD 2140 01:13:59,960 --> 01:14:01,760 AND WITH THAT I WILL END OUR 2141 01:14:01,760 --> 01:14:02,360 TRANSMISSION. 2142 01:14:02,360 --> 01:14:03,000 HAVE A GOOD DAY EVERYONE. 2143 01:14:03,000 --> 01:14:16,080 BYE-BYE.