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WELCOME TO THE 2024

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ANNUAL FORCED BASED MANIPULATION

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INVESTIGATOR MEETING, I'M ADAM

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AND I AM WITH THE PROGRAM AT THE

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NAGGAL CENTER FOR COMPLIMENTARY

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OR INTEGRATIVE HEALTH OR NCCIH

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AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF

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HEALTH.

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THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US

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TODAY FOR THE NCCIH AND THE

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

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NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND

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STROKE OR NINDS FOR THE 2024

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ANNUAL FORCED BASE MANIPULATION

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INVESTIGATOR MEETING.

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ON BEHALF OF DR. CHAN, DR. JIM

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KNAPP, PROGRAM DIRECTOR OF

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NEUROSCIENCE CLUSTER ON

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NEUROTECHNOLOGY AND INTEGRATED

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SYSTEMS AND DR. LESLIE OSBOURNE,

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DIVISION OF NEUROSCIENCE CLUSTER

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ON SYSTEMS AND COGNITIVE

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NEUROSCIENCE, WE ARE ALL PLEASED

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YOU COULD JOIN US TODAY.

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JUST WANT TO MAKE SURE THESE

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SLIDES ARE UP AND SHARED.

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PERFECT.

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ALL RIGHT, SO, BEFORE WE BEGIN,

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THERE'S A FEW LOGISTICS FOR

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TODAY'S MEETING.

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FOR OUR NIH VIDEOCAST VIEWERS,

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YOU ARE WELCOME TO SUBMIT

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QUESTIONS AT ANY TIME THIS

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MORNING USING THE VIDEO KOOOF

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THE FEEDBACK FORUM, THE LISTEN

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FOR THE FORM SHOULD BE LOCATED

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BELOW YOUR SCREEN FOR VIEWING

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THE LIVE STREAM.

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WE WILL TRY TO GET AS MANY

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QUESTIONS AS POSSIBLE DURING THE

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QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION THIS

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MANNING BUT WE ARE UNLIKELY TO

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GET TO EVERY QUESTION.

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ANY QUESTION WE'RE NOT ABLE TO

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ADDRESS LIVE WILL BE SHARED WITH

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THE PLANNING TEAM FOR THE

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MEETING.

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FINALLY THIS EVENT WILL BE

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RECORDED AND WILL BE ARCHIVED ON

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THE NIH VIDEOCAST WEBSITE FOR

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FUTURE VIEWING.

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WITH THOSE REMINDERS COVERED I'M

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PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE D

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R. HELENE LANG EVIN, AND

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DR. LYN JAKEMAN FOR INTRODUCTORY

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REMARKS.

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>> WELL, GOOD MORNING, I
AM SORY

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I CAPTAIN BE THERE IN PERSON

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WITH YOU TODAY BUT I AM GLAD I

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CAN SHARE A FEW REMARKS TO KICK

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US OFF.

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SO IT'S WORTH REMEMBERING THAT

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BACK IN 2019 WE HELD A GREAT

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WORKSHOP AND DISCUSSION THAT

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ADENTIFIED A NUMBER OF RESEARCH

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GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES AND FROM

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THIS, WE DEVELOPED THIS PROGRAM

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FOCUSED ON THE FOLLOWING HIGH

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PRIORITY RESEARCH AREAS.

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FIRST, TERMINOLOGY AND

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MEASUREMENT OF FORCED BASED

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MANIPULATION.

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SECOND, MECHANISTIC MULTISCALE

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RESEARCH MEASURING THE

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FORCED

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BASE MANIPULATION, THIRD, THE

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CONTEXTURAL EFFECTS OF FORCED

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BASE MANIPULATION AND FINALLY,

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TECHNOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY

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STUDIES.

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I KNOW IT'S TAKEN A WHILE TO GET

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WHERE WE ARE TODAY BUT I KNOW WE

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ALL APPRECIATE THE SCOPE OF THIS

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PROGRAM AND THE IMPORTANCE OF

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THE DATA THAT YOU'RE ALL

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GENERATING SO I WOULD LIKE TO

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TAKE A MEMORY CLONE TONIGHT

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RECOGNIZE WHAT YOU HAVE

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ACCOMPLISHED.

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TOGETHER THE 3 RESEARCH NETWORKS

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FORTH NET, NEURONS MATTER AND

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SPINE WORK HAVE RECRUITED OVER

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600 OUTSIDE MEMBERS.

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EACH NETWORK HAS DEVELOPED A

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SERIES OF WORKING GROUPS TO

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SUPPORT THE HIGH PRIORITY

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RESEARCH AREAS, SO WE'RE REALLY

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BUILDING A COMMUNITY HERE TO

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ADVANCE THIS RESEARCH, THIS IS

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SO IMPORTANT.

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THE 3 NETWORKS ARE ALSO

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SUPPORTING THE KEY ACTIVITIES SO

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FIRST THE COLLABORATIVE

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ACTIVITIES SUCH AS MEETING, WORK

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STOP, SHOPS, CONFERENCES,

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TRAINING, FOR EXAMPLE, EACH

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NETWORK WAS A KEY CONTRIBUTOR TO

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TODAY'S PROGRAM AND ALL 3 OF THE

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NETWORKS HOSTED OVER A DOZEN

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SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOPS, WEBINARS

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AND TRAINING COURSES FOCUSED ON

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TOPICS RELATED TO FORCED BASED

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MANIPULATION.

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IN THE AREA OF PILOT RESEARCH

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PROJECTS ALL 3 NETWOWORKS

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PUBLISHED APPLICATION AND

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RECEIVED MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS

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FROM INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS.

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FOUR PILOT AWARDEES ARE IN FACT

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HERE IN PERSON TODAY AND I SEND

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A WARM WELCOME TO ALL OF 4 OF

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YOU.

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ADDITIONAL APPLICATION RECEIPT

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DATES ARE CURRENTLY POSTED

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ACROSS ALL OF THE 3 NETWORKS.

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ALSO IN THE AREA OF PUBLICATION

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DISSEMINATION AND OUTREACH, THE

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FORCED NETWORK HAS PUBLISHED

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MULTIPLE PAPERS ON MANUEL

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THERAPIES IN FRONT YEARS AND

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REHABILATION AND FRONTIERS IN

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PSYCHOLOGY AND MEMBERS OF ALL 3

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NETWORKS WORKED COLLABORATIVELY

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TO PUBLISH 11 PAPERS IN THE

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JOURNAL OF MANUEL AND

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MANIPULATIVE THERAPY AS PART OF

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A SPECIAL ISSUE SEVERAL MONTHS

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AGO THAT INCLUDED MULTIPLE

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ARTICLES OUTLINING EFFORTS IN

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DEFINING RESEARCH GAPS,

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OUTLINING COMMON TERMS AND

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MAPPING MECHANISTIC PROCESSES

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INVOLVED IN FORCED BASE

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MANIPULATION AND THE SPECIAL

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ISSUE WAS LED BY DR. CHAD COOK

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OF THE FORCE NETWORK AND COOK'S

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CONTINUED TO PUBLISH CONTENT,

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YouTUBE RESENTATION AND

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HOSTING PRESENTATIONS AND

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WEBINARS.

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THE NETWORK WILL SHARE SPECIFIC

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UPDATES ABOUT NETWORK ACTIVITIES

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DURING UPDATES AS PART OF THE

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OPEN SESSION.

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I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO TOUCH ON

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THE IMPORTANT PROGRESS AT THE

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CONSORTIUM OR CROSS NETWORK.

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THE U24 CONSORTIUM STEERING

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COMMITTEE CO SHARES, DR. BILL

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REED UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN

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BIRMINGHAM AND DR. ELEN LUNKIN

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FROM UC BERKELEY HAVE MET

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MONTHLY OVER THE YEARS TO

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COORDINATE THE EFFORTS INCLUDING

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COORDINATING PLANNING OF THE

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ANNUAL INVESTIGATORS MEETING AND

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COORDINATING WORK DONE ACROSS

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THE 5 TRANSNETWORK WORKING

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GROUPS.

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THE WORKING GROUPS ARE COMPOSED

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OF EVERY 20 MEMBERS, NETWORK

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MEMBERS AND SPLIT INTO 3

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SCIENTIFIC AND 2 LOGISTICS

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GROUPS AND THEY WILL SHARE MORE

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ABOUT THESE TRANSNETWORK WORKING

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GROUP ACTIVITIES DURING THEIR

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UPDATES AS PART OF THE OPEN

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SESSION.

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SO, BASICALLY, I WANT TO SAY HOW

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THRILLED I AM WITH ALL THIS

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PROGRESS AND RECOGNIZE THE TRULY

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EXCELLENT WORK THAT HAS OCCURRED

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WITH THESE--IN THESE NETWORKS SO

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FAR AND I REALLY LOOK FORWARD TO

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A GREAT MEETING.

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>> THANK YOU DR. LANG
EVIN, AND

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WE APPRECIATE YOUR COMMENT THIS

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IS MORNING.

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DR. JAKEMAN WOULD YOU LIKE TO

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GIVE A FEW OPENING WORDS?

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>> SO I AM LYN YAKEMAN AND
I AM

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WITH NINDS AND ON BEHALF OF

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EVERYONE AT NINDS, WE ARE

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EXCITED TO WELCOME YOU ALL AND

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HIGHLIGHT THIS COLLABORATION,

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THIS IS ALL ABOUT COLLABORATION

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AND I'M JUST SO EXCITED TO SEE

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THE COLLABORATION OF THE

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NETWORKS TOGETHER AND WITHIN

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EACH 1 OF THESE NETWORKS.

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BEFORE I GIVE ANYMORE REMARKS, I

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DO WANT TO THANK THE PROGRAM

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STAFF AND THE LOGISTICS GROUP

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THAT HAS MADE THIS POSSIBLE.

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I HOPE YOU ALL REALLY ENJOY THE

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NEW HYBRID ENVIRONMENT THAT

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NINDS AND NIH HAS EMBRACED THIS

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IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THOSE OF

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YOU WHO HAVE TAKEN THE TIME TO

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COME ACROSS THE COUNTRY, I KNOW

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ACROSS THE COUNTRY OR HALFWAY

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ACROSS THE COUNTRY, I KNOW THAT

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TRAVEL IS HARDER NOW, IT'S MORE

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EXPENSIVE NOW, BUT IT REALLY

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HELPS WHEN YOU COME.

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BECAUSE THEN WE HAVE A CHANCE TO

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INTERACT WITH YOU BUT IN A

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HYBRID ENVIRONMENT WE CAN

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INTERACT WITH THOSE WHO ARE

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FARTHER AWAY OR UNABLE TO ATTEND

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AND I AM EXCITED THAT

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COLLABORATION ACTUALLY EXTENDS

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ACROSS THE CYBERSPACE NOW.

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THE PROGRAM STAFF I WANT TO

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THANK NOT ONLY ALEX TUTTLE AND

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JIM NAUT AND LESLIE OSBORN

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PROGRAM OFFICERS WHO ORGANIZE

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THIS BUT THE SUPPORT STAFF THAT

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SUPPORT THEM IN THEIR DAY-TO-DAY

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WORK AND AS WELL AS OUR

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COLLABORATORS AT NCCIH INCLUDING

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LYNN CHEN AND DR. SHERTLOFF.

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SO WHAT I'M EXCITED ABOUT IS

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THIS WHOLE AREA OF FORCED BASE

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MANIPULATION BECAUSE I THINK

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THAT AS HUMAN BEINGS AND AS

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NEUROSCIENTISTS, WE KNOW THAT

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VARIOUS FORCED BASE

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MANIPULATIONS HAVE IMPACTS ON

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OUR HEALTH AND IMPACTS ON HOW

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OUR BRAIN WORKS AND OUR RESPONSE

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IN RECOVERY FROM NEUROLOGICAL

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CONDITIONS.

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WHAT WE DON'T KNOW IS HOW, AND

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WHAT WE DON'T KNOW REALLY IS A

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LOT OF THE BIG QUESTIONS ABOUT

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THE CONTEXT OF HOW THOSE

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MANIPULATIONS IMPACT THE NERVOUS

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SYSTEM AND IMPACT OUTCOMES AND

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IMPACT BEHAVIORS THROUGH THE

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DEVELOPMENTAL TIMELINE IN THE

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PRESENCE OF OTHER PATHOLOGIES

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WHETHER THEY'RE NUR -OLOGICAL

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PATHOLOGIES OR WHOLE BODY

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PATHOLOGIES, WE DON'T KNOW HOW

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONDS

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DURING DIFFERENT AFFECT OR

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MODLATTORY STATES AFTER TRAUMA.

259
00:09:28,446 --> 00:09:29,981
WE HAVE SO MANY QUESTIONS TO

260
00:09:29,981 --> 00:09:33,150
ANSWER AND THE ONLY WAY WE CAN

261
00:09:33,150 --> 00:09:35,786
BUILD THIS FIELD AND REALLY GROW

262
00:09:35,786 --> 00:09:37,989
THE SCIENCE OF FORCED BASE

263
00:09:37,989 --> 00:09:39,090
MANIPULATION AND NEUROSCIENCE IS

264
00:09:39,090 --> 00:09:40,358
TO DEVELOP THE RESOURCES THAT

265
00:09:40,358 --> 00:09:44,061
YOU ARE ALL WORKING AND OVER A

266
00:09:44,061 --> 00:09:45,596
COLLABORATED YEAR TO BEGIN TO

267
00:09:45,596 --> 00:09:46,063
BUILD.

268
00:09:46,063 --> 00:09:47,031
I'M REALLY EXCITED I PLAYED WITH

269
00:09:47,031 --> 00:09:48,599
THE WEBSITE TO LOOK AT SOME OF

270
00:09:48,599 --> 00:09:50,134
THOSE THINGS, I HOPE EVERYBODY

271
00:09:50,134 --> 00:09:51,402
WHO'S HERE AND ONLINE PULL UP

272
00:09:51,402 --> 00:09:53,070
YOUR SLEEPS BECAUSE THE

273
00:09:53,070 --> 00:09:54,071
COLLABORATION IS NOT OVERWITH,

274
00:09:54,071 --> 00:09:55,306
THIS ISN'T LIKE A HIGHLIGHT AND

275
00:09:55,306 --> 00:09:56,607
WE'RE OUT OF HERE BUT WE WILL

276
00:09:56,607 --> 00:09:59,911
START THE BIG WORK AND THANK YOU

277
00:09:59,911 --> 00:10:10,421
VERY MUCH, ALEX AND THANK YOU

278
00:10:13,591 --> 00:10:15,126
ALL FOR COMING.

279
00:10:15,126 --> 00:10:16,160
>> THANK YOU DR. JAKEMAN,
AND

280
00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:17,528
THANK YOU FOR THOSE COMMENTS.

281
00:10:17,528 --> 00:10:19,430
YES, WE ARE ONLY BEGINNING.

282
00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:21,032
SO THANK YOU BOTH FOR YOUR

283
00:10:21,032 --> 00:10:22,433
REMARKS, WE ARE PLEASED YOU CAN

284
00:10:22,433 --> 00:10:23,834
JOIN US TODAY, NOW I'M PLEASED

285
00:10:23,834 --> 00:10:26,571
TO TURN IT OVER TO THE 3

286
00:10:26,571 --> 00:10:28,539
REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE U24

287
00:10:28,539 --> 00:10:30,107
FORCED BASE LEADERSHIP AS THEY

288
00:10:30,107 --> 00:10:31,809
OFFER PROGRESS IN THEIR NETWORKS

289
00:10:31,809 --> 00:10:33,778
FIRST UP WE HAVE CHAD COOK

290
00:10:33,778 --> 00:10:40,418
DIRECTOR OF DUKE UNIVERSITY'S

291
00:10:40,418 --> 00:10:41,118
CLINICAL FACILITATION RESEARCH

292
00:10:41,118 --> 00:10:46,724
AND HE WILL BE FOLLOWED BY

293
00:10:46,724 --> 00:10:49,226
DR. BETH WINKELSTEIN, DEPUTY

294
00:10:49,226 --> 00:10:54,999
PROVOST UNIVERSITY OF

295
00:10:54,999 --> 00:10:55,633
PENNSYLVANIA SPINE-WORK UPDATES.

296
00:10:55,633 --> 00:11:00,471
FINALLY DR. ELEN LUMPKIN

297
00:11:00,471 --> 00:11:03,007
PROFESSOR OF CELL BIOLOGY FOR

298
00:11:03,007 --> 00:11:06,911
THE UC BERKELEY WILL PRESENT

299
00:11:06,911 --> 00:11:07,378
NEURONS MATTR UPDATES.

300
00:11:07,378 --> 00:11:08,112
DR. COOK, WE INVITE TO YOU COME

301
00:11:08,112 --> 00:11:18,422
UP TO THE PODIUM.

302
00:11:49,286 --> 00:11:50,254
>> WELL, GOOD MORNING
EVERYONE,

303
00:11:50,254 --> 00:12:00,731
IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE.

304
00:12:03,067 --> 00:12:07,905
AND THANK YOU FOR THE KIND

305
00:12:07,905 --> 00:12:08,506
INTRODUCTION.

306
00:12:08,506 --> 00:12:11,042
I'M CHAD COOK, I'M WITH FORCE

307
00:12:11,042 --> 00:12:12,510
NET, AND I AM PLEASED TO WORK

308
00:12:12,510 --> 00:12:14,879
WITH SUCH A WONDERFUL GROUP OF

309
00:12:14,879 --> 00:12:17,114
PEOPLE WHO HAVE BECOME CLOSE

310
00:12:17,114 --> 00:12:22,853
FRIENDS, WE HAVE COLLEAGUES FROM

311
00:12:22,853 --> 00:12:24,188
ALL OVER, AND [INDISCERNIBLE]

312
00:12:24,188 --> 00:12:27,024
BILL REID AND I ARE NPIs, WE

313
00:12:27,024 --> 00:12:29,660
WOULD BE REMISS IF WE DIDN'T

314
00:12:29,660 --> 00:12:31,495
RECOGNIZE DAWN ELLIOTT, WE WANT

315
00:12:31,495 --> 00:12:33,330
TO CONGRATULATE HER, SHE TOOK AN

316
00:12:33,330 --> 00:12:34,465
ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP POSITION AND

317
00:12:34,465 --> 00:12:37,802
HAD TO LEAVE FORCE NET BUT WE

318
00:12:37,802 --> 00:12:39,303
WANT TO RECOGNIZE HER FOR ALL

319
00:12:39,303 --> 00:12:40,738
HER EFFORTS OVER THE LAST 2 AND

320
00:12:40,738 --> 00:12:41,906
HALF CAREERS.

321
00:12:41,906 --> 00:12:43,908
AS A REMINDER FORCE NET'S VISION

322
00:12:43,908 --> 00:12:44,942
HAS ALWAYS BEEN ABOUT

323
00:12:44,942 --> 00:12:46,043
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND ABOUT

324
00:12:46,043 --> 00:12:47,745
RECOGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF

325
00:12:47,745 --> 00:12:48,746
MECHANISMS INTO CLINICAL

326
00:12:48,746 --> 00:12:49,780
OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS, THAT'S

327
00:12:49,780 --> 00:12:52,683
BEEN OUR VISION AND MOST OF OUR

328
00:12:52,683 --> 00:12:55,920
OPERATIONS HAVE BEEN REFLECTIVE

329
00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:56,887
OF THAT VISION.

330
00:12:56,887 --> 00:12:58,155
THIS INCLUDED THE INCLUSION OF A

331
00:12:58,155 --> 00:13:02,660
NUMBER OF WORKING GROUP MEMBERS

332
00:13:02,660 --> 00:13:04,061
IN FORCE NET WHO HAVE BEEN

333
00:13:04,061 --> 00:13:05,596
INSTRUMENTAL IN MEETING

334
00:13:05,596 --> 00:13:06,397
OBJECTIVES WE'VE MADE AND MANY

335
00:13:06,397 --> 00:13:08,099
FOLKS ARE IN THE ROOM AND WE

336
00:13:08,099 --> 00:13:09,600
WANT TO SAY THANK YOU FOR THE

337
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:13,270
EFFORTS YOU PUT INTO THAT.

338
00:13:13,270 --> 00:13:16,340
WE HAVE OVER 400 MEMBERS THAT

339
00:13:16,340 --> 00:13:17,875
ARE PARTNERS OF FORCE NET AND

340
00:13:17,875 --> 00:13:20,077
IT'S A DIVERSE GROUP OF

341
00:13:20,077 --> 00:13:21,479
INDIVIDUALS BOTH ACADEMICS AND

342
00:13:21,479 --> 00:13:22,446
CLINICIANS, INDIVIDUALS WITH

343
00:13:22,446 --> 00:13:23,647
MULTIPLE DEFINITE TYPES OF

344
00:13:23,647 --> 00:13:24,315
RESEARCH BACKGROUNDSAs WELL

345
00:13:24,315 --> 00:13:26,617
AND OUR FORCE NET MEMBERSHIP IS

346
00:13:26,617 --> 00:13:28,853
VERY ACTIVE AND THEY OFTEN

347
00:13:28,853 --> 00:13:30,955
ARE--HAVE BEEN ACTIVE IN

348
00:13:30,955 --> 00:13:32,423
SUBMITTING PILOT GRANTS AS WELL.

349
00:13:32,423 --> 00:13:33,691
OVER THE LAST 2 YEARS WE'VE HAD

350
00:13:33,691 --> 00:13:36,527
A NUMBER OF REALLY FANTASTIC

351
00:13:36,527 --> 00:13:38,329
FORCE NET WEBINARS AND HERE ARE

352
00:13:38,329 --> 00:13:40,364
SOME SLIDES OF THESE AND AGAIN,

353
00:13:40,364 --> 00:13:42,166
A LOT OF THESE FOLKS ARE IN THE

354
00:13:42,166 --> 00:13:44,969
ROOM THAT HAVE ACTUALLY

355
00:13:44,969 --> 00:13:46,170
PRESENTED THIS WORK.

356
00:13:46,170 --> 00:13:47,605
I WANT TO POINT OUT WE HAVE 2

357
00:13:47,605 --> 00:13:49,340
MORE THAT ARE ACTUALLY COMING UP

358
00:13:49,340 --> 00:13:51,008
THIS YEAR, 1 WAS WITH STEPHEN

359
00:13:51,008 --> 00:13:52,877
GEORGE WHO IS A TRANSLATIONAL

360
00:13:52,877 --> 00:13:54,745
RESEARCHER, WE WILL TALK ABOUT

361
00:13:54,745 --> 00:13:56,847
BUILDING THE APPROPRIATE TEAMS

362
00:13:56,847 --> 00:13:59,350
FOR GRANTSMANSHIP AND THEN

363
00:13:59,350 --> 00:14:01,452
DR. LANG EVIN WHO WILL PRESENT

364
00:14:01,452 --> 00:14:03,854
ON OCTOBER 21st, SO MAKE SURE

365
00:14:03,854 --> 00:14:04,722
AND SAVE YOUR CALENDARS FOR

366
00:14:04,722 --> 00:14:05,389
THAT.

367
00:14:05,389 --> 00:14:07,358
WE WILL SPONSOR AN INTELLECTUAL

368
00:14:07,358 --> 00:14:08,425
SUMMIT ON OCTOBER 5 AND 6.

369
00:14:08,425 --> 00:14:10,361
THIS IS AN INVITATION ONLY

370
00:14:10,361 --> 00:14:10,861
EVENT.

371
00:14:10,861 --> 00:14:12,163
WE WILL BE WORKING ON BUILDING

372
00:14:12,163 --> 00:14:15,866
TEAMS THAT ARE SUSTAINABLE OVER

373
00:14:15,866 --> 00:14:18,135
THE YEARS INCLUDING THOSE

374
00:14:18,135 --> 00:14:19,570
WRITING GRANTS TOGETHER,

375
00:14:19,570 --> 00:14:24,809
DEVELOPING AIMS AND GETTING A

376
00:14:24,809 --> 00:14:26,310
DIVERSE GROUP TOGETHER TO

377
00:14:26,310 --> 00:14:27,645
RESEARCH FORCE BASED

378
00:14:27,645 --> 00:14:27,978
MANIPULATIONS.

379
00:14:27,978 --> 00:14:30,581
AND WE'RE ALSO LOOKING FOR IN

380
00:14:30,581 --> 00:14:32,116
FEBRUARY 2025 FOR OUR VIRTUAL

381
00:14:32,116 --> 00:14:33,117
CONFERENCE SPECIFICALLY BECAUSE

382
00:14:33,117 --> 00:14:35,820
WE ARE COLLABORATING WITH THE

383
00:14:35,820 --> 00:14:38,989
UU24s IN THIS CONFERENCE, WE

384
00:14:38,989 --> 00:14:40,157
WILL USE VERBELLA AND IT WILL BE

385
00:14:40,157 --> 00:14:41,926
OPEN FOR ALL OF THE WORLD TO

386
00:14:41,926 --> 00:14:42,660
ATTEND AND WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT

387
00:14:42,660 --> 00:14:44,562
THAT, THERE WILL BE 4 DIFFERENT

388
00:14:44,562 --> 00:14:46,263
LINES OF RESEARCH.

389
00:14:46,263 --> 00:14:47,865
I KNOW THAT FORCE NET WILL HAVE

390
00:14:47,865 --> 00:14:49,466
2 LINES, 1 WILL BE ON IMAGING

391
00:14:49,466 --> 00:14:50,734
AND MECHANISMS AND ANOTHER WILL

392
00:14:50,734 --> 00:14:55,339
BE ON CLINICAL MECHANISMS.

393
00:14:55,339 --> 00:15:00,211
OVER THE LAST 2 YEARS, WE'VE HAD

394
00:15:00,211 --> 00:15:01,946
HAD 2 PILOT GRANT CYCLES.

395
00:15:01,946 --> 00:15:04,849
WE'VE HAD A TOTAL OF 26 PILOT

396
00:15:04,849 --> 00:15:05,950
SUBMISSIONS, 21 UNIQUE

397
00:15:05,950 --> 00:15:07,151
POSITIONS, 5 REPEATS FROM THE

398
00:15:07,151 --> 00:15:09,153
FIRST ROUND.

399
00:15:09,153 --> 00:15:10,321
WE HAVE FUNDED 2 PILOT GRANTS

400
00:15:10,321 --> 00:15:11,155
FROM THE FIRST ROUND AND THESE

401
00:15:11,155 --> 00:15:18,896
FOLKS ARE IN THE ROOM RIGHT NOW,

402
00:15:18,896 --> 00:15:21,365
DR. GERLING, DR. LEWIS, AND

403
00:15:21,365 --> 00:15:23,133
DR. LOGHMANI, AND WE HOPE TO

404
00:15:23,133 --> 00:15:25,703
HAVE A THIRD ROUND COMING UP

405
00:15:25,703 --> 00:15:28,739
JUST A WICK SUMMARY OF OUR 2

406
00:15:28,739 --> 00:15:31,475
YEAR ACCOMPLISHMENT AS DR. LANG

407
00:15:31,475 --> 00:15:33,477
EVIN, WE HAD A SPECIAL ISSUE, I

408
00:15:33,477 --> 00:15:36,180
WANT TO RECOGNIZE JIM WHO IS A

409
00:15:36,180 --> 00:15:38,682
CO EDITOR ON THAT SPECIAL ISSUE.

410
00:15:38,682 --> 00:15:40,484
IT INCLUDED 11 PAPERS, INCLUDING

411
00:15:40,484 --> 00:15:42,553
SEVERALOT GAPS IN FORCED BASE

412
00:15:42,553 --> 00:15:43,220
MANIPULATION RESEARCH.

413
00:15:43,220 --> 00:15:44,822
WE HAVE AN INVITED PAPER FROM

414
00:15:44,822 --> 00:15:45,890
THE TAXONOMY GROUP CHA I WILL

415
00:15:45,890 --> 00:15:46,891
TALK ABOUT DURING THAT

416
00:15:46,891 --> 00:15:49,093
PRESENTATION FOR THE FALL OF 24

417
00:15:49,093 --> 00:15:51,195
AND THEN 2 PAPERS, 1 IN

418
00:15:51,195 --> 00:15:53,764
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY AND 1 IN

419
00:15:53,764 --> 00:15:55,065
FRONTIERS IN REHABILATION SO THE

420
00:15:55,065 --> 00:15:56,734
GROUP HAS BEEN VERY ACTIVE THIS

421
00:15:56,734 --> 00:15:57,234
PUBLISHING.

422
00:15:57,234 --> 00:15:59,203
OUR INITTIAIVE ITS FOR YEARS 3-5

423
00:15:59,203 --> 00:16:01,405
WILL BE THE PROMOTION OF THE

424
00:16:01,405 --> 00:16:03,040
IMPORTANCE OF MECHANISMS AND

425
00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:04,408
UNDERSTANDING FORCED BASE

426
00:16:04,408 --> 00:16:04,875
MANIPULATIONS.

427
00:16:04,875 --> 00:16:06,644
I THINK WE'VE DONE A NICE JOB OF

428
00:16:06,644 --> 00:16:08,178
REACHING OUT TO OUR MEMBERSHIP

429
00:16:08,178 --> 00:16:09,546
AND OUR MEMBERSHIP BEING ACTIVE

430
00:16:09,546 --> 00:16:11,448
ON THAT, TOO, CONTINUED IMROAG

431
00:16:11,448 --> 00:16:13,751
AND DEVELOPMENT OF OUR

432
00:16:13,751 --> 00:16:15,819
MEMBERSHIP, 1 MORE HOPEFULLY

433
00:16:15,819 --> 00:16:17,488
PILOT FUNDING CYCLE UPON

434
00:16:17,488 --> 00:16:19,023
APPROVAL, CONTINUE TO FOSTER THE

435
00:16:19,023 --> 00:16:20,157
WORKING GROUP DELIVERABLES, I

436
00:16:20,157 --> 00:16:21,859
KNOW THE FORCE NET FOLKS ARE

437
00:16:21,859 --> 00:16:24,228
VERY ACTIVE IN THE 5 WORKING

438
00:16:24,228 --> 00:16:25,963
GROUPS, TRANSLATIONAL TRAINING

439
00:16:25,963 --> 00:16:26,797
INITIATIVES AND THE SUMMIT AND

440
00:16:26,797 --> 00:16:27,765
CONFERENCE AND THEN TO

441
00:16:27,765 --> 00:16:29,633
COLLABORATE WITH THE OTHER U24S

442
00:16:29,633 --> 00:16:31,602
WHICH HAS REALLY SPOOLED UP

443
00:16:31,602 --> 00:16:33,904
NICELY AND CREATED GREAT

444
00:16:33,904 --> 00:16:34,238
RELATIONSHIPS.

445
00:16:34,238 --> 00:16:36,240
WE WOULD LOVE FOR YOU TO JOIN.

446
00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:38,142
THE QR CODE IS ACTIVE IF YOU ARE

447
00:16:38,142 --> 00:16:39,343
OUT THERE AND WATCHING, YOU CAN

448
00:16:39,343 --> 00:16:40,678
JOIN ON THE WEBSITE IF YOU WOULD

449
00:16:40,678 --> 00:16:43,180
LIKE OR REACH OUT TO EITHER BILL

450
00:16:43,180 --> 00:16:44,148
OR MYSELF.

451
00:16:44,148 --> 00:16:54,692
THAT'S MY REPORT, THANK YOU VERY

452
00:16:57,795 --> 00:16:58,162
MUCH.

453
00:16:58,162 --> 00:17:03,133
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DR.
COOK.

454
00:17:03,133 --> 00:17:04,301
DR. WINKELSTEIN IF YOU WOULD

455
00:17:04,301 --> 00:17:07,671
LIKE TO APPROACH THE PODIUM.

456
00:17:07,671 --> 00:17:09,039
ALL RIGHT.

457
00:17:09,039 --> 00:17:10,507
>> THANKS SO MUCH ALEX AND

458
00:17:10,507 --> 00:17:11,275
THANKS EVERYBODY.

459
00:17:11,275 --> 00:17:12,276
IT'S REALLY NICE TO BE IN THE

460
00:17:12,276 --> 00:17:14,578
SAME ROOM TOGETHER, I WILL TART

461
00:17:14,578 --> 00:17:16,013
WITH THAT AND ALSO FOLLOW THE

462
00:17:16,013 --> 00:17:17,047
THREAD THAT CHAD SET UP AND AT

463
00:17:17,047 --> 00:17:19,817
THE END OF HIS UPDATE TO SAY

464
00:17:19,817 --> 00:17:22,920
THAT 1 OF THE--WHILE I'M HERE

465
00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:24,621
REPRESENTING SPINE WORK 1 OF THE

466
00:17:24,621 --> 00:17:25,422
ABSOLUTE THRILLS, BENEFITS AND

467
00:17:25,422 --> 00:17:27,024
JOYS OF THIS WORK HAS BEEN

468
00:17:27,024 --> 00:17:30,127
WORKING ACROSS THE NETWORKS.

469
00:17:30,127 --> 00:17:31,662
SPINE WORK AS YOU CAN SEE IS

470
00:17:31,662 --> 00:17:34,932
FROM OUR TITLE IS VERY SPECIFIC

471
00:17:34,932 --> 00:17:36,900
AND PERHAPS THE MOST FOCUSED IN

472
00:17:36,900 --> 00:17:42,439
TERMS OF BODY PART AND SYNDROME.

473
00:17:42,439 --> 00:17:44,408
SO FOR US IT'S REALLY VERY, VERY

474
00:17:44,408 --> 00:17:45,642
BENEFICIAL TO BE PARTNERED WITH

475
00:17:45,642 --> 00:17:48,212
FORCE NET AND NEURONS MATTER IN

476
00:17:48,212 --> 00:17:51,515
THIS LARGER ENDEAVOR.

477
00:17:51,515 --> 00:17:53,917
I'M HERE REPRESENTING MY CO PI

478
00:17:53,917 --> 00:17:56,053
AS WELL VICTOR BAROCAS WHO WAS

479
00:17:56,053 --> 00:17:57,821
UNABLE TO BE HERE BUT I WANTED

480
00:17:57,821 --> 00:17:59,123
TO WALK THROUGH SOME OF THE

481
00:17:59,123 --> 00:18:00,057
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS THAT WE'RE

482
00:18:00,057 --> 00:18:02,593
TRYING TO ADDRESS IN SPINE WORK

483
00:18:02,593 --> 00:18:03,961
AND THEY'RE HIGHLIGHTED HERE IN

484
00:18:03,961 --> 00:18:06,430
RED, WE'RE VERY FOCUSED ON THOSE

485
00:18:06,430 --> 00:18:07,765
FORCED BASE MANIPULATIONS THAT

486
00:18:07,765 --> 00:18:12,269
WORK TO OR TRY TO ALLEVIATE

487
00:18:12,269 --> 00:18:14,805
SPINE PAIN AND TO BRING FOLKS

488
00:18:14,805 --> 00:18:17,941
FROM VERY DESPERATE OR DISTANT

489
00:18:17,941 --> 00:18:20,377
OR SEPARATE FIELDS TOGETHER TO  

490
00:18:20,377 --> 00:18:22,546
PERFORM EVERYONE THAT BRIDGES

491
00:18:22,546 --> 00:18:23,147
THOSE GAPS.

492
00:18:23,147 --> 00:18:25,249
SO OUR GOALS ARE TO CREATE AN

493
00:18:25,249 --> 00:18:26,750
INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL NETWORK

494
00:18:26,750 --> 00:18:28,719
OF RESEARCHERS, INTERESTED IN

495
00:18:28,719 --> 00:18:31,188
SPINE PAIN AND FBM AND TO REALLY

496
00:18:31,188 --> 00:18:33,657
PROVIDE FACILITATION OF THEIR

497
00:18:33,657 --> 00:18:34,491
MECHANISTIC RESEARCH TO COME

498
00:18:34,491 --> 00:18:35,859
FORWARD IN THIS AREA.

499
00:18:35,859 --> 00:18:37,628
AND OUR GOALS WERE AROUND 4

500
00:18:37,628 --> 00:18:40,030
DIFFERENT AREAS AND THIS IS WHAT

501
00:18:40,030 --> 00:18:42,166
WE FOCUS ON, INTERSECTING SPACES

502
00:18:42,166 --> 00:18:45,469
AND EDUCATION OF SORT OF PARTNER

503
00:18:45,469 --> 00:18:48,806
GROUPS IF YOU WILL,

504
00:18:48,806 --> 00:18:49,840
NEUROMECHANICAL MECHANISMS,

505
00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:51,275
IMAGING AND EXPERIMENTAL

506
00:18:51,275 --> 00:18:52,876
COMPUTATIONAL MODELS, SO THAT

507
00:18:52,876 --> 00:18:59,516
IS--OUR GROUP HAS A LOT OF

508
00:18:59,516 --> 00:19:00,918
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AROUND

509
00:19:00,918 --> 00:19:01,718
FOR DISSEMINATION.

510
00:19:01,718 --> 00:19:03,220
LASTLY I THINK IT'S REALLY

511
00:19:03,220 --> 00:19:04,421
IMPORTANT TO TALK ABOUT IS 1 OF

512
00:19:04,421 --> 00:19:05,656
THE THINGS WE'RE INTENTIONAL

513
00:19:05,656 --> 00:19:06,657
ABOUT WRITING IN OUR PROPOSAL

514
00:19:06,657 --> 00:19:08,225
AND WILL BE A FOCUS OF OUR

515
00:19:08,225 --> 00:19:10,427
FORWARD LOOKING WORK IS THE

516
00:19:10,427 --> 00:19:12,296
HEALTH EQUITY LENS, BOTH AROUND

517
00:19:12,296 --> 00:19:14,498
THE RESEARCH ITSELF, BUT ALSO

518
00:19:14,498 --> 00:19:17,668
ABOUT REPRESENTATION IN OUR

519
00:19:17,668 --> 00:19:18,268
NETWORK.

520
00:19:18,268 --> 00:19:20,204
SO OUR PRIORITY RESEARCH AREAS

521
00:19:20,204 --> 00:19:21,872
ARE VERY SIMILAR TO OTHERS AS

522
00:19:21,872 --> 00:19:24,108
THEY WERE A SUBSET OF THE

523
00:19:24,108 --> 00:19:27,344
ORIGINAL CALL TERMINOLOGY AND

524
00:19:27,344 --> 00:19:28,078
MEASUREMENT, MECHANISTIC

525
00:19:28,078 --> 00:19:29,913
MULTISCALE RESEARCH INTO

526
00:19:29,913 --> 00:19:32,683
MECHANISMS, BIOMARKERS FROM

527
00:19:32,683 --> 00:19:34,918
IMAGING TO MOLECULES, DIVERSITY

528
00:19:34,918 --> 00:19:36,587
AND HEALTH DISPARITY.

529
00:19:36,587 --> 00:19:39,223
I'M REALLY, REALLY THRILL THAD

530
00:19:39,223 --> 00:19:42,426
WE HAVE SUCH A TIGHT KNIT AND

531
00:19:42,426 --> 00:19:43,026
REALLY COLLABORATIVE GROUP OF

532
00:19:43,026 --> 00:19:44,962
SORT OF WHAT I WOULD CALL SENIOR

533
00:19:44,962 --> 00:19:47,498
LEADERS ON OUR TEAM AS I

534
00:19:47,498 --> 00:19:50,934
MENTIONED, MY COLLABORATOR

535
00:19:50,934 --> 00:19:52,836
VICTOR BAROCAS, IS UNABLE TO BE

536
00:19:52,836 --> 00:19:54,905
HERE, HE'S ACTUALLY DOING

537
00:19:54,905 --> 00:19:56,473
STUDIES TODAY, SO HE'S IN

538
00:19:56,473 --> 00:19:57,040
THEMEATIC SERVICE.

539
00:19:57,040 --> 00:19:58,408
WE HAVE MANY FOLKS IN THE ROOM

540
00:19:58,408 --> 00:20:00,511
THEY WANT TO DO A SPECIAL CALL

541
00:20:00,511 --> 00:20:05,249
OUT TO ARIN WHO IS AT MIN MEN

542
00:20:05,249 --> 00:20:10,320
WITH VECTOR AND ELEN, AND LISA

543
00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:11,321
LEWIS SITTING NEXT TO ME IN THE

544
00:20:11,321 --> 00:20:21,865
BACK OF THE ROOM AND RONI EVANS

545
00:20:22,900 --> 00:20:25,769
AND CATALIN PICU HAVE BEEN

546
00:20:25,769 --> 00:20:26,803
REALLY TREMENDOUS.

547
00:20:26,803 --> 00:20:28,505
WE HAVE A SMALLER NETWORK

548
00:20:28,505 --> 00:20:31,742
BECAUSE WE'RE SOMEWHAT FOCUSED

549
00:20:31,742 --> 00:20:33,377
WITH ONLY ABOUT A HUNDRED PLUS

550
00:20:33,377 --> 00:20:35,445
MEMBERS AT THIS TIME, CAN YOU

551
00:20:35,445 --> 00:20:37,147
SEE A DISTRIBUTION OF THEIR

552
00:20:37,147 --> 00:20:38,916
RESEARCH INTEREST, PAIN BEING

553
00:20:38,916 --> 00:20:40,250
FIRST AND FOREMOST, SPINE COMING

554
00:20:40,250 --> 00:20:43,554
UP A LOT AND DIFFERENT REGIONS

555
00:20:43,554 --> 00:20:45,689
OF SPINE ALSO COMING UP.

556
00:20:45,689 --> 00:20:49,993
OUR NETWORK MEMBERSHIP INCLUDES

557
00:20:49,993 --> 00:20:54,765
ALL SORTS OF PRACTITIONERS,

558
00:20:54,765 --> 00:20:55,465
NEUROSCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS

559
00:20:55,465 --> 00:20:57,034
FROM A RANGE ACROSS THE GLOBE

560
00:20:57,034 --> 00:20:58,702
AND IN A RANGE OF PROFESSIONAL

561
00:20:58,702 --> 00:21:00,103
INTERESTS AS YOU CAN SEE HERE.

562
00:21:00,103 --> 00:21:01,772
IN THE LAST YEAR WE'VE BEEN

563
00:21:01,772 --> 00:21:03,307
PRETTY ACTIVE IN OUR EDUCATIONAL

564
00:21:03,307 --> 00:21:04,708
CAMPAIGN, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK

565
00:21:04,708 --> 00:21:07,010
BILL REID WHO CAME TO OUR

566
00:21:07,010 --> 00:21:09,279
COMMUNITY TO LEAD AN EDUCATIONAL

567
00:21:09,279 --> 00:21:11,615
EFFORT IN WHAT IS NEEDED AND HOW

568
00:21:11,615 --> 00:21:14,017
CAN ENGINEERS HELP TAKE THIS UP?

569
00:21:14,017 --> 00:21:16,987
WE HAD SMALL BREAK OUTS, SIMON

570
00:21:16,987 --> 00:21:19,056
TANG HAS BEEN AND HE'S HERE AS

571
00:21:19,056 --> 00:21:20,290
WELL, THANKS TO SIMON FOR ALL OF

572
00:21:20,290 --> 00:21:23,860
YOUR HELP, WE'VE HAD A CONSTANT

573
00:21:23,860 --> 00:21:25,395
PRESENCE AT ACCRAC, OVER THE

574
00:21:25,395 --> 00:21:26,697
YEARS, SIMON WAS OUR

575
00:21:26,697 --> 00:21:28,765
REPRESENTATIVE LAST YEAR AND

576
00:21:28,765 --> 00:21:32,236
BECAUSE OF THE WORK HE DID IN

577
00:21:32,236 --> 00:21:33,070
MAKING--IN OUTREACH THERE, WE

578
00:21:33,070 --> 00:21:34,671
ARE WORKING TOGETHER WITH THAT

579
00:21:34,671 --> 00:21:36,840
COMMUNITY TO PLAN A RESEARCH

580
00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:37,908
METHODS WORKSHOP THAT WILL

581
00:21:37,908 --> 00:21:39,509
EITHER BE A HALF DAY RIGHT

582
00:21:39,509 --> 00:21:41,445
BEFORE THAT CONFERENCE OR AN

583
00:21:41,445 --> 00:21:42,946
ONGOING WORKSHOP DURING THAT

584
00:21:42,946 --> 00:21:43,413
MEETING.

585
00:21:43,413 --> 00:21:44,915
SO WE'RE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT

586
00:21:44,915 --> 00:21:47,084
THAT IN THE COMING YEAR.

587
00:21:47,084 --> 00:21:50,087
WE'VE HAD 1 PILOT GRANT FUNDING

588
00:21:50,087 --> 00:21:52,422
CYCLE, AND I'M HAPPY SO FAR AND

589
00:21:52,422 --> 00:21:54,992
I'M HAPPY TO REPORT THAT WE HAVE

590
00:21:54,992 --> 00:21:56,793
GREAT PROJECTS THAT WILL BE

591
00:21:56,793 --> 00:21:57,661
FEATURED LATER THIS AFTERNOON

592
00:21:57,661 --> 00:22:00,364
AND SO, REALLY THRILLED ABOUT

593
00:22:00,364 --> 00:22:02,299
THOSE FROM 2 DIFFERENT VERY

594
00:22:02,299 --> 00:22:03,700
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES, SO WE'VE

595
00:22:03,700 --> 00:22:06,236
OFFERED SEVERAL REALLY IMPACTFUL

596
00:22:06,236 --> 00:22:09,139
TRAVEL AWARDS FOR CONFERENCES.

597
00:22:09,139 --> 00:22:11,008
ADDITIONAL TRAVEL AWARDS TO

598
00:22:11,008 --> 00:22:12,075
ESTABLISH COLLABORATIONS WHICH

599
00:22:12,075 --> 00:22:14,211
WAS EXACTLY OUR INTENT AND

600
00:22:14,211 --> 00:22:15,379
SUPPORT FOR PUBLICATIONS.

601
00:22:15,379 --> 00:22:16,680
WE HAVE ALREADY RELEASED OUR

602
00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:23,620
NEXT ROUND OF PILOT GRANTS.

603
00:22:23,620 --> 00:22:25,956
OUR LETTER OF INTENTS ARE NOT

604
00:22:25,956 --> 00:22:27,024
DUE UNTIL SEPTEMBER, SO ANYONE

605
00:22:27,024 --> 00:22:28,792
OUT THERE WHO'S INTERESTED,

606
00:22:28,792 --> 00:22:29,760
PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE, CONTACT

607
00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:32,362
US THROUGH THE MATERIALS AND WE

608
00:22:32,362 --> 00:22:34,097
ARE ALSO VERY COLLABORATIVE WITH

609
00:22:34,097 --> 00:22:35,399
THE OTHER GROUPS, SO IF IT'S NOT

610
00:22:35,399 --> 00:22:36,466
APPROPRIATE FOR OUR CALL, WE

611
00:22:36,466 --> 00:22:38,101
WILL MAKE SURE IT ENDS UP IN 1

612
00:22:38,101 --> 00:22:39,269
OF THE RIGHT OTHER NETWORKS.

613
00:22:39,269 --> 00:22:41,271
WE HAVE THE SMALL AJUSTMENT

614
00:22:41,271 --> 00:22:44,041
GRANTS, THOSE ARE ROLLING SO

615
00:22:44,041 --> 00:22:45,275
PLEASE, PLEASE, REACH OUT TO US

616
00:22:45,275 --> 00:22:47,411
IF YOU HAVE ANY IN THAT.

617
00:22:47,411 --> 00:22:48,545
MOVING FORWARD, WE ARE REALLY

618
00:22:48,545 --> 00:22:49,713
HAPPY TO BE PARTNERING WITH

619
00:22:49,713 --> 00:22:52,082
FORCE NET AND NEURONS MATTEROT

620
00:22:52,082 --> 00:22:53,483
VIRTUAL CONFERENCE YOU JUST

621
00:22:53,483 --> 00:22:53,917
HEARD ABOUT.

622
00:22:53,917 --> 00:22:56,653
WE'RE PLANNING IN ADDITION TO

623
00:22:56,653 --> 00:22:58,689
THE WORKSHOP WITH ACCRAC, WE'RE

624
00:22:58,689 --> 00:23:00,991
ALSO PLANNING A WORKSHOP ON

625
00:23:00,991 --> 00:23:02,793
RESEARCH METHODS, WE HAVE 2

626
00:23:02,793 --> 00:23:03,493
PUBLICATIONS HIGHLIGHTED HERE

627
00:23:03,493 --> 00:23:05,696
THAT WE HAVE FORTH COMING THAT

628
00:23:05,696 --> 00:23:08,432
ARE IN DEVELOPMENT, WE WANT TO

629
00:23:08,432 --> 00:23:10,300
CONTINUE OUR WORK WITH FUNDING

630
00:23:10,300 --> 00:23:11,034
OPPORTUNITIES AND REALLY FOCUS

631
00:23:11,034 --> 00:23:13,603
AS A SAID ON THE HEALTH EQUITY

632
00:23:13,603 --> 00:23:14,171
LENS.

633
00:23:14,171 --> 00:23:16,907
SO WE INVITE TO YOU JOIN US.

634
00:23:16,907 --> 00:23:19,776
WE OFFER UP EDUCATIONAL

635
00:23:19,776 --> 00:23:21,211
RESOURCES, MAKING CONNECTIONS

636
00:23:21,211 --> 00:23:24,815
AND INTRODUCTIONS, FUNDING AND

637
00:23:24,815 --> 00:23:26,850
MONEY AND AN ENTRÉE TO WHAT I

638
00:23:26,850 --> 00:23:28,885
CONSIDER A REALLY MEANINGFUL

639
00:23:28,885 --> 00:23:29,753
PARTNERSHIP BOTH WITHIN OUR

640
00:23:29,753 --> 00:23:34,491
NETWORK AND ACROSS THE OTHERS. 

641
00:23:34,491 --> 00:23:41,031
THANK YOU.

642
00:23:41,031 --> 00:23:42,065
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
BETH.

643
00:23:42,065 --> 00:23:45,268
LAST BUT NOT LEAST ELEN LUMPKIN

644
00:23:45,268 --> 00:23:53,176
TO GIVE AN UPDATE ON NEURONS

645
00:23:53,176 --> 00:23:53,377
MATTR.

646
00:23:53,377 --> 00:23:54,778
>> THANK YOU ALEX, WHO
CONTROLS

647
00:23:54,778 --> 00:23:58,382
THE SLIDES? 

648
00:23:58,382 --> 00:23:59,116
ME?

649
00:23:59,116 --> 00:23:59,449
OKAY. 

650
00:23:59,449 --> 00:24:03,653
THAT DOESN'T WORK.

651
00:24:03,653 --> 00:24:03,854
THIS?

652
00:24:03,854 --> 00:24:09,092
OKAY, I WAS TRYING TO USE THIS

653
00:24:09,092 --> 00:24:09,659
MASSIVE THING.

654
00:24:09,659 --> 00:24:11,962
WELL, IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE

655
00:24:11,962 --> 00:24:13,096
TODAY TO SEE FAMILIAR FACES AND

656
00:24:13,096 --> 00:24:15,832
I HOPE TO HAVE TIME TO MEET

657
00:24:15,832 --> 00:24:18,902
PEOPLE I HAVEN'T YET MET IN

658
00:24:18,902 --> 00:24:19,169
PERSON.

659
00:24:19,169 --> 00:24:23,640
THE FOCUS OF NEURONS MATTR IS TO

660
00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:24,941
ESTABLISH A INCLUSIVE RESEARCH

661
00:24:24,941 --> 00:24:27,144
NETWORK TO IDENTIFY MECHANISMS

662
00:24:27,144 --> 00:24:28,378
THROUGH WHICH SOFTTISSUE

663
00:24:28,378 --> 00:24:30,747
MANIPULATION AND IN PARTICULAR

664
00:24:30,747 --> 00:24:31,815
MASSAGE EXERTS BIOLOGICAL

665
00:24:31,815 --> 00:24:34,785
EFFECTS ON NEURAL AND NONNEURAL

666
00:24:34,785 --> 00:24:34,985
CELLS.

667
00:24:34,985 --> 00:24:36,420
THE HIGH PRIORITY AREAS WE'VE

668
00:24:36,420 --> 00:24:38,188
CHOSEN TO FOCUS ON ARE LISTED

669
00:24:38,188 --> 00:24:38,388
HERE.

670
00:24:38,388 --> 00:24:40,524
WE'RE INTERESTED IN MECHANISTIC

671
00:24:40,524 --> 00:24:42,058
MULTISCALE RESEARCH, MEASURING

672
00:24:42,058 --> 00:24:43,827
BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO

673
00:24:43,827 --> 00:24:46,496
FORCED BASE MANIPULATIONS, AS

674
00:24:46,496 --> 00:24:48,665
WELL AS UNDERSTANDING THE

675
00:24:48,665 --> 00:24:49,933
NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASES OF

676
00:24:49,933 --> 00:24:50,667
EFFECTIVE TOUCH.

677
00:24:50,667 --> 00:24:53,136
WE'RE ALSO INTERESTED IN

678
00:24:53,136 --> 00:24:54,237
DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY,

679
00:24:54,237 --> 00:24:55,839
METHODOLOGY AND COMPUTATIONAL

680
00:24:55,839 --> 00:24:57,374
APPROACHES, FOR MECHANISTIC

681
00:24:57,374 --> 00:25:02,846
STUDIES AND THEN, IN YEAR 1 WE

682
00:25:02,846 --> 00:25:03,947
ADDED A FOURTH PRIORITY AREA

683
00:25:03,947 --> 00:25:06,216
WHICH IS TO DEVELOP FRAMEWORKS

684
00:25:06,216 --> 00:25:09,052
AND LEXICON FOR DESCRIBING

685
00:25:09,052 --> 00:25:09,653
MECHANISTIC STUDIES AND WE'RE

686
00:25:09,653 --> 00:25:12,422
EXCITED ABOUT THIS AREA BECAUSE

687
00:25:12,422 --> 00:25:16,460
IT'S A FOCUS ON A LOT OF OUR

688
00:25:16,460 --> 00:25:19,529
TRANSU24 NETWORK ACTIVITY.

689
00:25:19,529 --> 00:25:22,098
OUR NETWORK ACTIVITIES ARE

690
00:25:22,098 --> 00:25:24,034
ORGANIZED THROUGH 3 PROGRAMS, A

691
00:25:24,034 --> 00:25:25,402
CONFERENCE PROGRAM, A PILOT

692
00:25:25,402 --> 00:25:30,106
PROJECTS PROGRAM AND

693
00:25:30,106 --> 00:25:31,007
DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES.

694
00:25:31,007 --> 00:25:32,542
OKAY, THAT'S NOT THE RIGHT

695
00:25:32,542 --> 00:25:33,577
BUTTON.

696
00:25:33,577 --> 00:25:37,314
THIS PICTURE SHOWS OUR TEAM,

697
00:25:37,314 --> 00:25:40,817
MANY OF WHOM YOU HEARD ABOUT

698
00:25:40,817 --> 00:25:43,386
ALREADY, OUR TEAM SPANS OUR CORE

699
00:25:43,386 --> 00:25:45,822
DISCIPLINES WHICH INCLUDE

700
00:25:45,822 --> 00:25:47,891
NEUROSCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS,

701
00:25:47,891 --> 00:25:49,493
CLINICIANS AND MANUEL THERAPISTS

702
00:25:49,493 --> 00:25:50,727
AS WELL AS PHYSIOLOGISTS.

703
00:25:50,727 --> 00:25:53,196
I WOULD LIKE TO HIGHLIGHT FROM

704
00:25:53,196 --> 00:25:54,498
OUR CONFERENCE PROGRAM OUR

705
00:25:54,498 --> 00:25:57,133
VIRTUAL SPEAKER SERIES THIS YEAR

706
00:25:57,133 --> 00:25:59,669
THAT SPANNED ALL OF THE--ALL 4

707
00:25:59,669 --> 00:26:03,006
OF THESE TARGET GROUPS.

708
00:26:03,006 --> 00:26:07,244
SO WE HAD--WE'RE AIMING FOR 4

709
00:26:07,244 --> 00:26:11,548
VIRTUAL SEMINARS A YEAR AND THIS

710
00:26:11,548 --> 00:26:15,485
YEAR WE HAD 5 ALREADY AND WE

711
00:26:15,485 --> 00:26:17,354
HOPE YOU'LL STAY TUNED FOR YOUR

712
00:26:17,354 --> 00:26:18,822
UPCOMING SERIES THAT WILL

713
00:26:18,822 --> 00:26:20,357
KICKOFF IN THE FALL.

714
00:26:20,357 --> 00:26:22,526
OTHER EVENTS THAT WE HAVE

715
00:26:22,526 --> 00:26:24,528
SCHEDULED FOR THE CONFERENCE

716
00:26:24,528 --> 00:26:26,696
PROGRAM IS A SOPHISTICATED MAT O

717
00:26:26,696 --> 00:26:27,998
SENSORY GANGLION AND

718
00:26:27,998 --> 00:26:29,032
NOMENCLATURE WORKSHOP AND WE

719
00:26:29,032 --> 00:26:31,902
HAVE AN ACTIVE WORKING GROUP

720
00:26:31,902 --> 00:26:35,972
HOPING TO COME UP WITH A UNIFIED

721
00:26:35,972 --> 00:26:37,040
NOMENCLATURE FOR THE DIVERSITY

722
00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:40,343
OF SOPHISTICATED MAT O SENSORY

723
00:26:40,343 --> 00:26:41,144
CELL TYPES.

724
00:26:41,144 --> 00:26:41,945
WE WILL ALSO FAR TIS PARTICIPATE

725
00:26:41,945 --> 00:26:45,849
IN A TRIAL IN THE--PARTICIPATE

726
00:26:45,849 --> 00:26:47,117
IN THE FORCE NET VIRTUAL

727
00:26:47,117 --> 00:26:48,652
CONFERENCE AND WE'RE ACTIVELY

728
00:26:48,652 --> 00:26:49,619
WORKING ON A SUMMER SCHOOL THAT

729
00:26:49,619 --> 00:26:51,922
WILL HAPPEN IN JUNE OF NEXT YEAR

730
00:26:51,922 --> 00:26:53,790
WHICH WILL FOCUS ON

731
00:26:53,790 --> 00:26:56,026
INTERROGATING THE HUMAN NERVOUS

732
00:26:56,026 --> 00:26:58,962
SYSTEM DURING STM THERAPIES.

733
00:26:58,962 --> 00:27:00,463
ONE THING WE'VE BEEN STRUGGLING

734
00:27:00,463 --> 00:27:02,866
WITH, LIKE ALL OF THE NETWORKS

735
00:27:02,866 --> 00:27:05,669
IS HOW TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF

736
00:27:05,669 --> 00:27:06,603
OUR PROGRAMS AND WE'VE STARTED

737
00:27:06,603 --> 00:27:13,176
TO DO THIS THROUGH SURVEYS,

738
00:27:13,176 --> 00:27:13,877
PARTICULARLY AROUND OUR YEAR 2

739
00:27:13,877 --> 00:27:15,912
SUMMER SCHOOL WHICH OCCURRED IN

740
00:27:15,912 --> 00:27:17,514
INDICATORS UNIVERSITY AND

741
00:27:17,514 --> 00:27:19,482
INDIANAPOLIS, THE RESULTS OF OUR

742
00:27:19,482 --> 00:27:22,352
EXIT SURVEY, I AM DELIGHTED TO

743
00:27:22,352 --> 00:27:25,555
SAY WE HAD A HIGH RESPONSE RATE,

744
00:27:25,555 --> 00:27:28,425
AT 66 PSYCHOFIZZISTS AND IT

745
00:27:28,425 --> 00:27:29,926
INCLUDED QUANTITATIVE AND

746
00:27:29,926 --> 00:27:31,461
QUALITATIVE OPEN ENDED

747
00:27:31,461 --> 00:27:32,395
QUESTIONS, OUR QUANTITATIVE

748
00:27:32,395 --> 00:27:34,097
SCALES SHOWED THAT ALL

749
00:27:34,097 --> 00:27:35,699
RESPONDENTS AGREED OR STRONGLY

750
00:27:35,699 --> 00:27:37,901
AGREED THAT THE EVENT HAD

751
00:27:37,901 --> 00:27:38,768
EXCELLENT CONTENT.

752
00:27:38,768 --> 00:27:43,607
IT WAS VALUABLE AND WAS

753
00:27:43,607 --> 00:27:45,342
SUCCESSFUL AT FOSTERING BOTH NEW

754
00:27:45,342 --> 00:27:49,846
COLLABORATIONS AND NETWORKING

755
00:27:49,846 --> 00:27:50,213
OPPORTUNITIES.

756
00:27:50,213 --> 00:27:52,916
OUR QUALITATIVE RESULTS WERE

757
00:27:52,916 --> 00:27:54,618
ALSO REALLY INTERESTING.

758
00:27:54,618 --> 00:27:55,785
WE FOUND THAT THE REASONS THAT

759
00:27:55,785 --> 00:27:58,521
PEOPLE CAME TO THE SUMMER SCHOOL

760
00:27:58,521 --> 00:28:00,991
WERE TO ESTABLISH COLLABORATIONS

761
00:28:00,991 --> 00:28:03,893
AND NETWORKING AND THE IMPACTFUL

762
00:28:03,893 --> 00:28:06,663
OUTCOME OF THEIR ATTENDANCE WAS

763
00:28:06,663 --> 00:28:09,933
IN FACT NEW CONNECTIONS AND

764
00:28:09,933 --> 00:28:10,300
COLLABORATIONS.

765
00:28:10,300 --> 00:28:13,169
WE'RE IN THE MIDST OF OUR FIRST

766
00:28:13,169 --> 00:28:16,606
EVALUATION OF PILOT PROJECT

767
00:28:16,606 --> 00:28:18,642
APPLICATIONS, OUR NOTICE OF

768
00:28:18,642 --> 00:28:19,709
FUNDING OPPORTUNITY WAS RELEASED

769
00:28:19,709 --> 00:28:21,811
IN SPRING, AND MORE THAN HALF

770
00:28:21,811 --> 00:28:24,414
THE APPLICATIONS MRI KABTS WERE

771
00:28:24,414 --> 00:28:26,816
FROM SUMMER SCHOOL ATTENDEES.

772
00:28:26,816 --> 00:28:28,685
WE'RE NOW--WE INVITED 2/3RDS OF

773
00:28:28,685 --> 00:28:30,453
THE APPLICATIONS TO GO TO FULL

774
00:28:30,453 --> 00:28:31,688
APPLICATION STAGE AND THEN THEY

775
00:28:31,688 --> 00:28:33,723
WILL BE REVIEWED.

776
00:28:33,723 --> 00:28:35,291
WE PLANNED 2 MORE ROUNDS IF

777
00:28:35,291 --> 00:28:37,193
THEY'RE APPROVED BY NCCIH.

778
00:28:37,193 --> 00:28:41,331
WE ALSO HAVE A MINISEBATICLE

779
00:28:41,331 --> 00:28:41,665
PROGRAM.

780
00:28:41,665 --> 00:28:43,967
THESE ARE EVALUATED ON ROLLING

781
00:28:43,967 --> 00:28:47,704
BASIS, THEY'RE SIMILAR TO FORCE

782
00:28:47,704 --> 00:28:48,371
NETS ADJUSTMENT AWARDS AND THAT

783
00:28:48,371 --> 00:28:51,041
THE GOAL IS TO JUMP START NEW

784
00:28:51,041 --> 00:28:52,108
COLLABORATIONS OR ALLOW OUR

785
00:28:52,108 --> 00:28:55,211
MEMBERS TO,A QUIRE NEW TECHNICAL

786
00:28:55,211 --> 00:28:56,680
SKILLS OR TO   PERFORM

787
00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:57,447
PRELIMINARY STUDIES.

788
00:28:57,447 --> 00:29:00,250
WE ALSO HAVE TRAVEL GRANTS FOR

789
00:29:00,250 --> 00:29:01,751
INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE, AND THE

790
00:29:01,751 --> 00:29:04,154
GOAL IS TO PROMOTE AN INCLUSIVE

791
00:29:04,154 --> 00:29:07,157
COMMUNITY BY FUNDING TRAINEES,

792
00:29:07,157 --> 00:29:09,559
EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS AND

793
00:29:09,559 --> 00:29:10,860
RESEARCHERS FROM GROUPS USHED

794
00:29:10,860 --> 00:29:14,264
REPRESENTED IN STEM TO PRESENT

795
00:29:14,264 --> 00:29:15,331
RELEVANT NETWORK RESEARCH AT A

796
00:29:15,331 --> 00:29:16,499
CONFERENCE OF THEIR CHOICE AND

797
00:29:16,499 --> 00:29:17,600
WE WELCOME YOUR APPLICATIONS

798
00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:19,602
AGAIN ON A ROLLING BASIS.

799
00:29:19,602 --> 00:29:23,440
HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR DISSEMINATION

800
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:26,843
PROGRAM INCLUDE PUBLICATIONS,

801
00:29:26,843 --> 00:29:28,678
THE TRANS-U24 NETWORK

802
00:29:28,678 --> 00:29:31,648
PUBLICATION INCLUDED A POSITION

803
00:29:31,648 --> 00:29:33,583
PAPER DEFINING SOME OF THE

804
00:29:33,583 --> 00:29:36,352
IMPORTANT TOPICS THAT NEED TO BE

805
00:29:36,352 --> 00:29:40,190
THE FOCUS OF RESEARCH AS WELL AS

806
00:29:40,190 --> 00:29:44,027
PUBLICATIONS THAT HIGHLIGHT NEW

807
00:29:44,027 --> 00:29:44,394
TECHNOLOGIES.

808
00:29:44,394 --> 00:29:47,097
FINALLY, LIKE THE OTHER

809
00:29:47,097 --> 00:29:49,232
SPEAKERS, I WELCOME YOU TO JOIN

810
00:29:49,232 --> 00:29:53,336
OUR NETWORK, WE CURRENTLY HAVE

811
00:29:53,336 --> 00:29:55,905
200 + MEMBERS, ACROSS

812
00:29:55,905 --> 00:29:56,806
NEUROSCIENCE, ENGINEERING,

813
00:29:56,806 --> 00:29:57,540
PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICIANS, AND

814
00:29:57,540 --> 00:30:00,110
WE HOPE THAT YOU WILL WELCOME

815
00:30:00,110 --> 00:30:03,513
US, THAT YOU'LL JOIN US IF

816
00:30:03,513 --> 00:30:05,482
YOU'RE RESEARCH INTERESTS MATCH

817
00:30:05,482 --> 00:30:06,349
WITH OUR NETWORK PRIORITIES,

818
00:30:06,349 --> 00:30:13,957
THANKS SO MUCH.

819
00:30:13,957 --> 00:30:16,059
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH

820
00:30:16,059 --> 00:30:17,761
DR. LUMPKIN AND THANK YOU TO ALL

821
00:30:17,761 --> 00:30:20,563
THE PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS OF

822
00:30:20,563 --> 00:30:22,699
FORCE NET, NEURONS MATTR, AND

823
00:30:22,699 --> 00:30:24,400
SPINE WORK UPDATES THIS MORNING.

824
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:29,105
I'M NOW PLEASED TO INVITE OUR

825
00:30:29,105 --> 00:30:30,273
TRANS-NETWORK SCIENTIFIC WORKING

826
00:30:30,273 --> 00:30:33,343
GROUP TO GIVE UPDATES OF THE

827
00:30:33,343 --> 00:30:34,477
WORK THEY DID.

828
00:30:34,477 --> 00:30:37,480
ONCE AGAIN IS CHAD COOK WHO WILL

829
00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:38,782
PRESENT THE FRAMEWORK AND

830
00:30:38,782 --> 00:30:40,717
TAXONOMY FOR THE GROUP.

831
00:30:40,717 --> 00:30:43,153
AFTER THAT WE WELCOME MARY

832
00:30:43,153 --> 00:30:44,187
BARBE, AT TEMPLE UNIVERSITY WHO

833
00:30:44,187 --> 00:30:48,124
WILL GIVE AN UPDATE FOR THE

834
00:30:48,124 --> 00:30:48,491
 MIC

835
00:30:48,491 --> 00:30:49,192
MECHANISMS WORKING GROUP FINALLY

836
00:30:49,192 --> 00:30:51,294
WE LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING AN

837
00:30:51,294 --> 00:30:53,029
UPDATE FROM THE MOTHOLOGY AND

838
00:30:53,029 --> 00:30:56,933
TECHNOLOGY GROUP FROM DR. GREG

839
00:30:56,933 --> 00:30:59,469
KAWCHUK FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF

840
00:30:59,469 --> 00:31:08,912
ALBERTA, BUT FIRST DR. COOK.

841
00:31:08,912 --> 00:31:15,218
NTHANK YOU DR. TUTTLE, I'M CHAD

842
00:31:15,218 --> 00:31:17,120
COOK, PRECEPTING ON THE

843
00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:19,389
FRAMEWORK AND TAXONOMY. 

844
00:31:19,389 --> 00:31:20,557
SO IN THE TOWER OF BABEL, THE

845
00:31:20,557 --> 00:31:22,725
IDEA IS THAT THE CHRISTIAN GOD

846
00:31:22,725 --> 00:31:26,296
STRUCK ALL OF THE WORKERS WITH

847
00:31:26,296 --> 00:31:27,564
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES AND THAT'S

848
00:31:27,564 --> 00:31:28,832
HOW ALL OF DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

849
00:31:28,832 --> 00:31:30,667
ARE IN THE WORLD THAT'S THE

850
00:31:30,667 --> 00:31:32,035
THOUGHT BEHIND THAT BUT THAT'S

851
00:31:32,035 --> 00:31:34,737
ACTUALLY NOT TRUE, THE REAL

852
00:31:34,737 --> 00:31:36,906
REASON IN THE BIBLE IS THAT HE

853
00:31:36,906 --> 00:31:38,708
WANTED TO CONFUSE THE WORKERS SO

854
00:31:38,708 --> 00:31:40,877
THAT THEY WERE UNABLE TO

855
00:31:40,877 --> 00:31:41,711
COMPLETE THE TOWER OF BABEL AND

856
00:31:41,711 --> 00:31:44,681
BY THE WAY, THAT'S A PERFECT

857
00:31:44,681 --> 00:31:45,949
AFTEREFFECT CONSEQUENCE TO WHAT

858
00:31:45,949 --> 00:31:47,116
WE'RE DEALING WITH TODAY.

859
00:31:47,116 --> 00:31:50,753
THERE ARE SO MANY DIFFERENT

860
00:31:50,753 --> 00:31:51,855
TAXONOMIES AND TERMINOLOGIES

861
00:31:51,855 --> 00:31:53,389
AROUND FORCED BASED MANIPULATION

862
00:31:53,389 --> 00:31:55,225
THAT IT'S ACTUALLY CREATED A LOT

863
00:31:55,225 --> 00:31:57,193
OF CONFUSION AMONG CLINICIANS,

864
00:31:57,193 --> 00:31:59,829
AMONG BASIC SCIENTISTS AND AMONG

865
00:31:59,829 --> 00:32:01,130
COLLABORATORS AND THAT'S THE

866
00:32:01,130 --> 00:32:04,334
IDEA BEHIND THIS COMMITTEE IS TO

867
00:32:04,334 --> 00:32:06,603
HARMONIZE THE LANGUAGE AND SHARE

868
00:32:06,603 --> 00:32:08,504
THESE WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND

869
00:32:08,504 --> 00:32:10,340
WE HAVE MANY KEY STAKEHOLDERS

870
00:32:10,340 --> 00:32:12,642
THAT REALLY NEED THIS

871
00:32:12,642 --> 00:32:14,444
HARMONIZATION INCLUDING BASIC

872
00:32:14,444 --> 00:32:17,213
SCIENTIST, MOVEMENT SCIENTISTS,

873
00:32:17,213 --> 00:32:19,148
IMAGING SPECIALISTS,

874
00:32:19,148 --> 00:32:20,717
BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PUBLIC,

875
00:32:20,717 --> 00:32:22,118
CLINICAL SCIENTISTS, PHYSIOS

876
00:32:22,118 --> 00:32:23,152
ACCIDENT KHIHIGH ROWS, OFTIO

877
00:32:23,152 --> 00:32:25,021
PATHS AND CERTAINLY EVEN THE

878
00:32:25,021 --> 00:32:25,188
NIH.

879
00:32:25,188 --> 00:32:28,091
THAT WAS THE PREMISE BEHIND THIS

880
00:32:28,091 --> 00:32:30,026
COMMITTEE AND THESE ARE THE

881
00:32:30,026 --> 00:32:32,195
WONDERFUL INDIVIDUAL WHO IS

882
00:32:32,195 --> 00:32:33,463
WORKED TIRELESSLY IN THIS

883
00:32:33,463 --> 00:32:33,730
COMMITTEE.

884
00:32:33,730 --> 00:32:35,465
WE MEET EVERY MONTH AND SOME

885
00:32:35,465 --> 00:32:36,399
MONTHS WE ACTUALLY MET TWICE AND

886
00:32:36,399 --> 00:32:39,102
ALL OF THESE INDIVIDUALS FROM

887
00:32:39,102 --> 00:32:40,003
MANY DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS HAVE

888
00:32:40,003 --> 00:32:41,437
BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR PUTTING A

889
00:32:41,437 --> 00:32:42,705
LOT OF PRODUCT TOGETHER AND I

890
00:32:42,705 --> 00:32:45,875
HOPE TO SHARE THAT WITH YOU

891
00:32:45,875 --> 00:32:46,276
TODAY.

892
00:32:46,276 --> 00:32:48,411
WE WERE GIVEN A CHARGE AND WE

893
00:32:48,411 --> 00:32:51,080
WERE GIVEN THIS DIAGRAM THAT WAS

894
00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:53,483
FROM 2019 AND WHAT HAPPENS WHEN

895
00:32:53,483 --> 00:32:57,820
A PRACTITIONER PLACES FORCE ON

896
00:32:57,820 --> 00:33:00,523
TISSUE AND WE WERE TO DESCRIBE

897
00:33:00,523 --> 00:33:01,557
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO

898
00:33:01,557 --> 00:33:03,660
THAT FORCE USING STANDARDIZED

899
00:33:03,660 --> 00:33:06,896
LANGUAGE AND BUILDING TAXONOMY,

900
00:33:06,896 --> 00:33:08,264
OUR FIRST MEETING WAS

901
00:33:08,264 --> 00:33:09,899
MARKETPLACE 102023, AND AT THAT

902
00:33:09,899 --> 00:33:11,301
MEETING WE CREATED 3 CHARGES,

903
00:33:11,301 --> 00:33:13,169
THE FIRST WAS TO CREATE A MODEL

904
00:33:13,169 --> 00:33:14,604
TO GUIDE FORCED BASE

905
00:33:14,604 --> 00:33:15,171
MANIPULATION RESEARCH, THE

906
00:33:15,171 --> 00:33:16,940
SECOND WAS TO CREATE A FORCED

907
00:33:16,940 --> 00:33:18,608
DOCUMENT, AND THE THIRD IS TO

908
00:33:18,608 --> 00:33:19,876
CREATE A MASTER TERMINOLOGY FORM

909
00:33:19,876 --> 00:33:22,645
THAT CAN BE USED IN AN

910
00:33:22,645 --> 00:33:24,814
OPERATIONS MANUEL FOR THE

911
00:33:24,814 --> 00:33:26,249
COMMUNITY OF RESEARCHERS AT

912
00:33:26,249 --> 00:33:26,816
LARGE.

913
00:33:26,816 --> 00:33:29,852
WE WERE CHARGED WITH HAVING AT

914
00:33:29,852 --> 00:33:30,787
LEAST 2 DELIVERABLES, WE'LL

915
00:33:30,787 --> 00:33:33,923
ACTUALLY HAVE MORE THAN THAT BUT

916
00:33:33,923 --> 00:33:35,525
THOSE WOULD BE PUBLICATION ON

917
00:33:35,525 --> 00:33:37,026
TAXONOMY AND TERMINOLOGY FOR

918
00:33:37,026 --> 00:33:37,860
THAT FORCED DIAGRAM AND THE

919
00:33:37,860 --> 00:33:41,731
SECOND WOULD BE TERMS USED FOR

920
00:33:41,731 --> 00:33:42,966
AN OPERATIONS MANUEL.

921
00:33:42,966 --> 00:33:44,233
SO, LET ME PRESENT FIRST ON

922
00:33:44,233 --> 00:33:46,502
PROJECT 1 WHICH IS A MODEL TO

923
00:33:46,502 --> 00:33:48,004
GUIDE FORCED BASE MANIPULATION

924
00:33:48,004 --> 00:33:49,105
RESEARCH, BUT I WANT TO CALL

925
00:33:49,105 --> 00:33:50,974
SOMEBODY OUT WHO'S IN THE ROOM

926
00:33:50,974 --> 00:33:53,643
THIS, IS TERRY LOMANI'S WORK,

927
00:33:53,643 --> 00:33:54,711
SHE'S BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN THIS

928
00:33:54,711 --> 00:33:59,582
AND I THINK YOU WILL AGREE

929
00:33:59,582 --> 00:34:00,683
THAT--SHE'S FROM NEURONS MATTR,

930
00:34:00,683 --> 00:34:02,852
I THINK YOU WILL AGREE THE END

931
00:34:02,852 --> 00:34:04,620
PRODUCT IS QUITE GOOD.

932
00:34:04,620 --> 00:34:06,856
THIS IS A 3 DIMENSIONAL MATRIX

933
00:34:06,856 --> 00:34:08,558
INVOLVED FORCE APPLIED TO THE

934
00:34:08,558 --> 00:34:11,527
TISSUE THAT HAS 3 AREAS.

935
00:34:11,527 --> 00:34:12,829
THERE'S CONTEXTURAL FACTORS,

936
00:34:12,829 --> 00:34:15,398
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, AND

937
00:34:15,398 --> 00:34:17,834
FORCED PARAMETERS.

938
00:34:17,834 --> 00:34:19,836
AND BASIC SCIENTISTS

939
00:34:19,836 --> 00:34:20,603
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHERS,

940
00:34:20,603 --> 00:34:22,405
CLINICIANS ALL KNOW THERE ARE

941
00:34:22,405 --> 00:34:25,541
MULTIPLE VARIABLES INVOLVED IN

942
00:34:25,541 --> 00:34:26,776
THOSE 3 PRIMARY AREAS.

943
00:34:26,776 --> 00:34:29,879
THE TEAM HAS PUT TOGETHER THIS

944
00:34:29,879 --> 00:34:30,813
INTERACTIVE DIAGRAM THAT ALLOWS

945
00:34:30,813 --> 00:34:33,549
LEVELS TO BE OPENED UP AND

946
00:34:33,549 --> 00:34:34,851
DISCUSSED SO THAT 1 CAN

947
00:34:34,851 --> 00:34:37,920
UNDERSTAND THAT THESE FACTORS

948
00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:39,622
CAN CHANGE REMARKABLY WHICH IS

949
00:34:39,622 --> 00:34:41,190
PROBABLY WHY WE SEE SUCH

950
00:34:41,190 --> 00:34:42,291
DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL OUTCOMES

951
00:34:42,291 --> 00:34:43,526
WITH THEIR PATIENTS.

952
00:34:43,526 --> 00:34:46,262
THERE ARE SO MANY INTERACTIVE

953
00:34:46,262 --> 00:34:49,198
VARIABLES IN, WHEN FORCE IS

954
00:34:49,198 --> 00:34:50,833
APPLIED TO THE BODY.

955
00:34:50,833 --> 00:34:53,369
IT IS QUITE INTEGRATIVE AND IT

956
00:34:53,369 --> 00:34:54,337
REFLECTS ALL THE INTERACADEMYS

957
00:34:54,337 --> 00:34:56,139
OF ALL THE DIFFERENT MECHANISMS

958
00:34:56,139 --> 00:34:58,207
AND THEN 1 CAN SEE THEN HOW MANY

959
00:34:58,207 --> 00:34:59,709
RESPONSES CAN CHANGE BASED ON

960
00:34:59,709 --> 00:35:00,309
THIS.

961
00:35:00,309 --> 00:35:02,045
IT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BE

962
00:35:02,045 --> 00:35:04,247
TRANSLATIONAL TO ACTUALLY SHOW

963
00:35:04,247 --> 00:35:07,617
HOW THESE INTERACTIONS CAN ALSO

964
00:35:07,617 --> 00:35:08,751
INFLUENCE CLINICAL OUTCOMES.

965
00:35:08,751 --> 00:35:10,720
AND MOST IMPORTANTLY IT'S

966
00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:10,953
DYNAMIC.

967
00:35:10,953 --> 00:35:13,322
IN THIS MODEL WHICH WAS

968
00:35:13,322 --> 00:35:15,158
COMPLETED JUST RECENTLY HAS BEEN

969
00:35:15,158 --> 00:35:15,925
TRANSFERRED TO MECHANISMS GROUP

970
00:35:15,925 --> 00:35:17,527
AND ALSO THE MEASUREMENT GROUP

971
00:35:17,527 --> 00:35:19,462
WHERE THEY WILL ADD TO IT, WE

972
00:35:19,462 --> 00:35:25,668
WERE CHARGED WITH CREATING A

973
00:35:25,668 --> 00:35:34,444
SCAFFOLDING AND IT WAS WONDERFUL

974
00:35:34,444 --> 00:35:35,545
WORK--WE HAD AN ILLUSTRATOR FOR

975
00:35:35,545 --> 00:35:39,982
THIS AND THEN THERE'S A SUBGROUP

976
00:35:39,982 --> 00:35:41,851
OF US, JEFF, BETH, AND ME WERE

977
00:35:41,851 --> 00:35:43,920
WORKING ON A PAPER WHERE ABOUT

978
00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:45,254
60% OF THE PAPER RIGHT NOW, AND

979
00:35:45,254 --> 00:35:48,257
THEN WE HOPE TO PUBLISH THE

980
00:35:48,257 --> 00:35:50,560
MANUSCRIPT TO GET THIS

981
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:51,494
INFORMATION OUT THERE.

982
00:35:51,494 --> 00:35:54,163
PROJECT 2 WAS TO CREATE A FORCED

983
00:35:54,163 --> 00:35:54,497
DOCUMENT.

984
00:35:54,497 --> 00:35:57,500
SO WE'RE USING THE DIAGRAM, WE

985
00:35:57,500 --> 00:35:58,668
WERE TO STANDARDIZE THE LANGUAGE

986
00:35:58,668 --> 00:36:00,303
AROUND FORCE AND THE FORCE

987
00:36:00,303 --> 00:36:02,271
DOCUMENT IS AN EFFORT TO

988
00:36:02,271 --> 00:36:02,839
HARMONIZE CONCEPTS AND

989
00:36:02,839 --> 00:36:05,708
TERMINOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH THE

990
00:36:05,708 --> 00:36:06,776
APPLICATION OF FOURS AND WAS

991
00:36:06,776 --> 00:36:08,044
COLLECTED WITH THE NUMEROUS

992
00:36:08,044 --> 00:36:08,845
SCIENTISTS FROM DIFFERENT

993
00:36:08,845 --> 00:36:10,880
BACKGROUNDS AS WELL AS

994
00:36:10,880 --> 00:36:11,147
CLINICIAN.

995
00:36:11,147 --> 00:36:12,615
WE WERE ABLE TO COMPLETE THIS

996
00:36:12,615 --> 00:36:15,685
PROJECT AFTER 2 CYCLES ON

997
00:36:15,685 --> 00:36:17,086
JUNE 6th IN 2024, AND NOW WE

998
00:36:17,086 --> 00:36:18,855
HAVE AN END PRODUCT AND WILL BE

999
00:36:18,855 --> 00:36:21,624
WORKED WITH NIH AND THE OTHER

1000
00:36:21,624 --> 00:36:25,328
U24S ON HOW TO DISSEMINATE THIS

1001
00:36:25,328 --> 00:36:25,661
INFORMATION.

1002
00:36:25,661 --> 00:36:27,396
THE THIRD CHARGE IS CREATE A

1003
00:36:27,396 --> 00:36:29,332
MASTER TERMINOLOGY FORM THAT CAN

1004
00:36:29,332 --> 00:36:33,302
BE USED IN OPERATIONS MANUEL AND

1005
00:36:33,302 --> 00:36:34,937
THE COMMUNITY AT LARGE.

1006
00:36:34,937 --> 00:36:37,373
AT PRESENT WE HAVE APPROXIMATELY

1007
00:36:37,373 --> 00:36:39,008
360 DURANNENT DEFINITIONS AND

1008
00:36:39,008 --> 00:36:41,911
WE'RE CURRENTLY GOING THROUGH

1009
00:36:41,911 --> 00:36:43,012
AND HARMONIZING THESE, GETTING

1010
00:36:43,012 --> 00:36:44,147
INPUT FROM THE MEMBERS AND THEN

1011
00:36:44,147 --> 00:36:45,915
WE WILL SHARE THESE WITH OTHER

1012
00:36:45,915 --> 00:36:48,618
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS AND THE

1013
00:36:48,618 --> 00:36:49,018
U24 LEADS.

1014
00:36:49,018 --> 00:36:51,621
AND I WOULD LIKE TO ALSO GIVE A

1015
00:36:51,621 --> 00:36:54,023
SHOUT OUT TO BRIAN DAGENHEART IN

1016
00:36:54,023 --> 00:36:55,925
THIS WORK, WE USE HIS WORK FROM

1017
00:36:55,925 --> 00:36:57,527
RECENT PUBLICATION, THIS IS

1018
00:36:57,527 --> 00:36:58,928
COMING ALONG QUITE NICELY AND

1019
00:36:58,928 --> 00:37:01,497
THERE'S A LOT OF HARMONY, I

1020
00:37:01,497 --> 00:37:03,633
THINK WITHIN THE TERMINOLOGY

1021
00:37:03,633 --> 00:37:05,968
THAT WE'VE PUT TOGETHER.

1022
00:37:05,968 --> 00:37:06,402
COMPREHEND.

1023
00:37:06,402 --> 00:37:08,571
WE WERE CHARGED WITH COMPLETING

1024
00:37:08,571 --> 00:37:10,606
THIS WORK BY SPRING OF 2025 AND

1025
00:37:10,606 --> 00:37:12,375
HEIM HAPPY TO SAY THAT MOST

1026
00:37:12,375 --> 00:37:15,144
LIKELY OUR TEAM WILL BE FINISHED

1027
00:37:15,144 --> 00:37:16,078
BY SEPTEMBER OF 2024.

1028
00:37:16,078 --> 00:37:17,613
BUT WE DON'T WANT ANY ARK

1029
00:37:17,613 --> 00:37:22,518
DITIONAL WORK SO ONCE WE'RE

1030
00:37:22,518 --> 00:37:22,919
DONE, WE'RE GOOD.

1031
00:37:22,919 --> 00:37:25,555
I WANT TO FINISH UP WITH JUST

1032
00:37:25,555 --> 00:37:26,322
DISCUSSING OTHER DELIVERABLES

1033
00:37:26,322 --> 00:37:28,891
THAT THIS TEAM HAS EITHER

1034
00:37:28,891 --> 00:37:31,494
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY BURN PART

1035
00:37:31,494 --> 00:37:31,961
OF.

1036
00:37:31,961 --> 00:37:34,764
THE FIRST 1 WAS A STANDARDIZED

1037
00:37:34,764 --> 00:37:35,631
DEFINITION OF CONTEXTURAL

1038
00:37:35,631 --> 00:37:35,865
FACTORS.

1039
00:37:35,865 --> 00:37:38,034
THIS PAPER WAS RECENTLY

1040
00:37:38,034 --> 00:37:39,769
PUBLISHED IN 2023.

1041
00:37:39,769 --> 00:37:42,905
THIS WAS AN INDIRECT INPUT FROM

1042
00:37:42,905 --> 00:37:44,140
THE TAXONOMY GROUP.

1043
00:37:44,140 --> 00:37:45,775
YOU WILL RECOGNITION A NUMBER OF

1044
00:37:45,775 --> 00:37:47,376
INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE ACTUALLY

1045
00:37:47,376 --> 00:37:49,979
FROM THE U24S THAT ARE PART OF

1046
00:37:49,979 --> 00:37:50,947
THIS PARTICULAR PROJECT.

1047
00:37:50,947 --> 00:37:52,048
CONTEXTURAL FACTORS HAVE BEEN

1048
00:37:52,048 --> 00:37:52,882
CALLED A THOUSAND DIFFERENT

1049
00:37:52,882 --> 00:37:56,886
THINGS IN THE LITERALLURE AND

1050
00:37:56,886 --> 00:38:00,022
USING A NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE

1051
00:38:00,022 --> 00:38:00,957
THIS GROUP HARMONIZED AN

1052
00:38:00,957 --> 00:38:01,891
INTERNATIONAL DEFINITION AND IT

1053
00:38:01,891 --> 00:38:04,760
CAME OUT IN LATE 2023 AND IT'S

1054
00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:05,728
ALREADY BEEN CITED 17 TYPES SO I

1055
00:38:05,728 --> 00:38:08,197
THINK THERE WAS A PRETTY

1056
00:38:08,197 --> 00:38:09,198
SUBSTANTIAL NEED FOR THIS

1057
00:38:09,198 --> 00:38:10,700
PARTICULAR PAPER.

1058
00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:15,238
THIS IS RYAN DAGENHART'S WORK, A

1059
00:38:15,238 --> 00:38:16,439
GROUP THAT HARMONIZED

1060
00:38:16,439 --> 00:38:17,640
NOMENCLATURE, THIS WAS PUBLISHED

1061
00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:19,809
IN FORCE NET'S SPECIAL ISSUE IN

1062
00:38:19,809 --> 00:38:20,443
2024 SPRING.

1063
00:38:20,443 --> 00:38:22,078
AND THEY REALLY DO A WONDERFUL

1064
00:38:22,078 --> 00:38:23,546
JOB IN THE SUPPLEMENTS OF

1065
00:38:23,546 --> 00:38:26,182
INCLUDING A NUMBER OF THE MOST

1066
00:38:26,182 --> 00:38:26,983
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY VARIABLES

1067
00:38:26,983 --> 00:38:28,517
AROUND FORCED BASE MANIPULATION.

1068
00:38:28,517 --> 00:38:31,053
YOU WILL ALSO RECOGNIZE A NUMBER

1069
00:38:31,053 --> 00:38:32,588
OF U24 INDIVIDUALS EITHER

1070
00:38:32,588 --> 00:38:34,490
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS OR

1071
00:38:34,490 --> 00:38:37,727
OTHERWISE THAT ARE PART OF THIS

1072
00:38:37,727 --> 00:38:39,061
PROJECT AS WELL.

1073
00:38:39,061 --> 00:38:40,630
THIS WAS AN INDIRECT PUBLICATION

1074
00:38:40,630 --> 00:38:41,797
THAT WAS RELATE THE TO OUR

1075
00:38:41,797 --> 00:38:42,798
GROUP.

1076
00:38:42,798 --> 00:38:45,468
AND THIS WAS AROUND HOW DO WE

1077
00:38:45,468 --> 00:38:47,370
TALK TO PATIENTS AROUND

1078
00:38:47,370 --> 00:38:49,005
MECHANISMS, SO IT HARMONIZE THE

1079
00:38:49,005 --> 00:38:51,507
WAY THAT THAT CONVERSATION FOR

1080
00:38:51,507 --> 00:38:53,576
THOSE CLINICIANS AND THAT

1081
00:38:53,576 --> 00:38:55,478
PATIENTS IN FRONT OF YOU, HOW DO

1082
00:38:55,478 --> 00:38:57,246
YOU ACTUALLY DISCUSS WHAT FORCED

1083
00:38:57,246 --> 00:38:57,880
BASE MANIPULATIONS ACTUALLY DO

1084
00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:01,183
EMPLOY THIS WAS PUBLISHED IN

1085
00:39:01,183 --> 00:39:01,450
2024.

1086
00:39:01,450 --> 00:39:03,319
IN THE SPECIAL ISSUE, THIS

1087
00:39:03,319 --> 00:39:06,222
WONDERFUL WORK BY DAMON KEITER,

1088
00:39:06,222 --> 00:39:07,990
WHO IS IN THE ROOM ON

1089
00:39:07,990 --> 00:39:09,959
INTERNATIONAL GAPS IN FORCED

1090
00:39:09,959 --> 00:39:13,362
BASE MANIPULATION USING A DEL-PH

1091
00:39:13,362 --> 00:39:16,165
I STUDY, OR EXCUSE ME, A NOMINAL

1092
00:39:16,165 --> 00:39:17,466
GROUP TECHNIQUE, THAT IDENTIFY

1093
00:39:17,466 --> 00:39:18,834
GAPS IN RESEARCH MECHANISMS AND

1094
00:39:18,834 --> 00:39:19,935
THIS PAPER WAS PUBLISHED THEN

1095
00:39:19,935 --> 00:39:21,704
AND YOU WILL NOTICE A NUMBER OF

1096
00:39:21,704 --> 00:39:25,141
NAMES ALSO AFFILIATED WITH MANY

1097
00:39:25,141 --> 00:39:27,877
OF THE U24s.

1098
00:39:27,877 --> 00:39:29,779
THERE'S ALSO AN INTERNATIONAL

1099
00:39:29,779 --> 00:39:30,913
GAPS AND CONACCIDENTURAL FACTORS

1100
00:39:30,913 --> 00:39:32,014
RESEARCH IN FORCED BASE

1101
00:39:32,014 --> 00:39:32,348
MANIPULATION.

1102
00:39:32,348 --> 00:39:36,919
THIS WAS LED BY DAVID GRISWALD

1103
00:39:36,919 --> 00:39:38,754
BUT YOU WILL NOTICE OTHER

1104
00:39:38,754 --> 00:39:40,056
INDIVIDUALS AGAIN INCLUDING

1105
00:39:40,056 --> 00:39:42,158
JENNIFER BENT WITH THE U24s

1106
00:39:42,158 --> 00:39:43,125
AND THE LAST PARTNERSHIP I WILL

1107
00:39:43,125 --> 00:39:45,328
HEIGHT LIGHT IS THE INVITED

1108
00:39:45,328 --> 00:39:48,531
MANUSCRIPT AND THIS 1 WAS

1109
00:39:48,531 --> 00:39:50,700
PROBABLY THE LARGEST

1110
00:39:50,700 --> 00:39:52,001
COLLABORATION AMONG THE U24s

1111
00:39:52,001 --> 00:39:54,103
WITH RESPECT TO PUBLISHING, A

1112
00:39:54,103 --> 00:39:56,172
HIGHLIGHTED ALL THE NAMES.

1113
00:39:56,172 --> 00:39:57,340
YOU WILL RECOGNIZE MEMBERS FROM

1114
00:39:57,340 --> 00:40:00,676
FORCE NET, SPINE WORKS AND FROM

1115
00:40:00,676 --> 00:40:02,078
NEURONS MATTER AND WHAT WE'VE

1116
00:40:02,078 --> 00:40:04,880
DONE IS WE'VE ACTUALLY

1117
00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:06,182
CATEGORIZED TREATMENT MECHANISMS

1118
00:40:06,182 --> 00:40:07,416
AT A HIERARCHY SO THEY

1119
00:40:07,416 --> 00:40:09,118
UNDERSTAND WHAT THESE ACTUALLY

1120
00:40:09,118 --> 00:40:11,454
ARE, BUT ALSO DISCUSS THESE IN

1121
00:40:11,454 --> 00:40:14,123
TERMS OF ARE THEY CAUSAL, ARE

1122
00:40:14,123 --> 00:40:17,093
THEY SOCIAATIVE AND I THINK THIS

1123
00:40:17,093 --> 00:40:18,661
WAS GREATLY NEEDED IN THE

1124
00:40:18,661 --> 00:40:21,097
LITERATURE, AND WE HOPE THIS

1125
00:40:21,097 --> 00:40:23,032
WILL CLEAR UP THINGS MOVING

1126
00:40:23,032 --> 00:40:23,366
FORWARD.

1127
00:40:23,366 --> 00:40:32,007
THAT'S MY REPORT AND THANK YOU

1128
00:40:32,007 --> 00:40:32,408
VERY MUCH.

1129
00:40:32,408 --> 00:40:34,510
NTHANK YOU VERY MUCH DR. COOK.

1130
00:40:34,510 --> 00:40:36,946
NEXT UP WE ARE BEING JOINED

1131
00:40:36,946 --> 00:40:40,116
VIRTUALLY BY DR. MARY BARBE FROM

1132
00:40:40,116 --> 00:40:41,183
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY, MARY ARE YOU

1133
00:40:41,183 --> 00:40:44,286
ON THE LINE IN. 

1134
00:40:44,286 --> 00:40:45,988
>> I AM, DO I SHARE MY
SLIDES OR

1135
00:40:45,988 --> 00:40:47,356
DO YOU SHARE THEM?

1136
00:40:47,356 --> 00:40:49,892
>> I THINK WE MIGHT HAVE
YOU

1137
00:40:49,892 --> 00:40:51,527
SHARE YOUR SLIDES DIRECTLY MIGHT

1138
00:40:51,527 --> 00:40:52,595
BE THE BEST--

1139
00:40:52,595 --> 00:40:52,995
>> OKAY.

1140
00:40:52,995 --> 00:40:59,235
>> LET ME JUST BRING
UP--SHIFT

1141
00:40:59,235 --> 00:41:00,503
GEARS HERE.

1142
00:41:00,503 --> 00:41:02,738
WE HAVE OUR AV TECH JOSHUA

1143
00:41:02,738 --> 00:41:05,541
HELPING US TODAY. 

1144
00:41:05,541 --> 00:41:15,851
THANK YOU JOSHUA.

1145
00:41:22,191 --> 00:41:22,358
>> OKAY.

1146
00:41:22,358 --> 00:41:25,594
CAN YOU SEE MY SLIDES?

1147
00:41:25,594 --> 00:41:33,369
>> YES, YES WE CAN.

1148
00:41:33,369 --> 00:41:33,669
>> OKAY.

1149
00:41:33,669 --> 00:41:36,839
SO LET ME TURN OFF THE--JUST A

1150
00:41:36,839 --> 00:41:40,609
SECOND--I'LL JUST KEEP GOING.

1151
00:41:40,609 --> 00:41:41,210
SO, THANK YOU.

1152
00:41:41,210 --> 00:41:45,381
THIS IS THE MECHANISMS WORKING

1153
00:41:45,381 --> 00:41:47,283
GROUP AND LET ME--IT'S LIKE

1154
00:41:47,283 --> 00:41:54,857
GOING BACKWARDS FOR A SECOND.

1155
00:41:54,857 --> 00:41:55,224
THERE.

1156
00:41:55,224 --> 00:41:56,826
I'M SPEAKING ON BEHALF OF THE

1157
00:41:56,826 --> 00:41:58,260
MECHANISM WORKING GROUP, I'M

1158
00:41:58,260 --> 00:42:02,798
SORRY I CAN'T BE THERE, SERIES

1159
00:42:02,798 --> 00:42:08,771
OF UNEXPECTED THINGS PREVENTED

1160
00:42:08,771 --> 00:42:09,505
BY ATTENDANCE.

1161
00:42:09,505 --> 00:42:11,540
WE HAVE SEVERAL MEMBERS OF THIS

1162
00:42:11,540 --> 00:42:18,514
WORKING GROUP CURRENTLY, WE HAVE

1163
00:42:18,514 --> 00:42:23,219
DR. ELLEN LUMPKIN, WITH

1164
00:42:23,219 --> 00:42:26,088
NEUROKNOWS MATTR, JEN

1165
00:42:26,088 --> 00:42:28,290
[INDISCERNIBLE] JOINED US FROM

1166
00:42:28,290 --> 00:42:33,195
NEURONS MATTR AND MYSELF AND

1167
00:42:33,195 --> 00:42:35,364
SPINE WORKS AND DR. SIMON TANG

1168
00:42:35,364 --> 00:42:37,066
FROM WASH-U IS PART OF OUR

1169
00:42:37,066 --> 00:42:38,701
GROUP, HE'S FROM SPINE WORKS AND

1170
00:42:38,701 --> 00:42:40,336
THEN WE HAVE 2 MEMBERS FROM

1171
00:42:40,336 --> 00:42:44,807
FORCE NET, DR. BILL REED FROM

1172
00:42:44,807 --> 00:42:47,510
UAB AND DR. NAPP A DOW FROM

1173
00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:49,245
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL.

1174
00:42:49,245 --> 00:42:52,281
WE ARE ACTIVELY RECRUITING.

1175
00:42:52,281 --> 00:42:53,516
WE NEED ADDITIONAL MEMBERS TO

1176
00:42:53,516 --> 00:42:56,519
HANDLE ALL THE WRITING WE HAVE

1177
00:42:56,519 --> 00:42:57,586
PLANNED AND IF YOU ARE

1178
00:42:57,586 --> 00:42:59,321
INTERESTED PLEASE SPEAK TO SIMON

1179
00:42:59,321 --> 00:42:59,855
TANG TODAY.

1180
00:42:59,855 --> 00:43:03,492
HE IS THERE AT THE CONFERENCE

1181
00:43:03,492 --> 00:43:08,998
AND WILL HELP US WITH THE

1182
00:43:08,998 --> 00:43:09,732
RECRUITING.

1183
00:43:09,732 --> 00:43:12,401
WE HAVE SEVERAL GOALS.

1184
00:43:12,401 --> 00:43:15,271
WE HAVE THE GOALS OF OUR

1185
00:43:15,271 --> 00:43:16,572
MECHANISM WORKING GROUP IS THAT

1186
00:43:16,572 --> 00:43:17,940
THE MECHANISMS THEMSELVES ARE

1187
00:43:17,940 --> 00:43:20,109
NOT WELL KNOWN AS YOU JUST HEARD

1188
00:43:20,109 --> 00:43:22,745
FROM THE FRAMEWORK AND AXON ME

1189
00:43:22,745 --> 00:43:25,281
WORKING GROUP LEADER CHAD COOK,

1190
00:43:25,281 --> 00:43:26,482
THEREFORE OUR GROUP'S GOALS ARE

1191
00:43:26,482 --> 00:43:28,217
TO COLLABORATE WITH THE

1192
00:43:28,217 --> 00:43:29,585
FRAMEWORK AND TAXONOMY WORKING

1193
00:43:29,585 --> 00:43:31,620
GROUP TO FURTHER REFINE THE

1194
00:43:31,620 --> 00:43:33,556
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MECHANISTIC

1195
00:43:33,556 --> 00:43:36,725
TARGETS OF FORCE-BASED

1196
00:43:36,725 --> 00:43:37,760
MANIPULATIONS.

1197
00:43:37,760 --> 00:43:39,828
TO EVALUATE CURRENT

1198
00:43:39,828 --> 00:43:44,567
UNDERSTANDINGS OF MECHANISMS OF

1199
00:43:44,567 --> 00:43:45,935
ACTION AND TO IDENTIFY IMPORTANT

1200
00:43:45,935 --> 00:43:48,604
KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND POTENTIAL

1201
00:43:48,604 --> 00:43:49,505
CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH

1202
00:43:49,505 --> 00:43:51,273
OPPORTUNITIES TO ADVANCE

1203
00:43:51,273 --> 00:43:52,074
MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF

1204
00:43:52,074 --> 00:43:54,610
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORCED BASE

1205
00:43:54,610 --> 00:43:57,146
MANIPULATIONS AND TO COLLABORATE

1206
00:43:57,146 --> 00:43:58,547
WITH THE DISSEMINATION WORKING

1207
00:43:58,547 --> 00:44:00,182
GROUP TO PRODUCE LIVING

1208
00:44:00,182 --> 00:44:09,692
DOCUMENTS AND RELATED RESOURCES.

1209
00:44:09,692 --> 00:44:10,626
OUR COLLABORATIONS HAVE BEEN

1210
00:44:10,626 --> 00:44:12,695
EXTENSIVE THIS YEAR WITH THE

1211
00:44:12,695 --> 00:44:13,862
FRAMEWORK AND TAXONOMY WORKING

1212
00:44:13,862 --> 00:44:18,100
GROUP, WE WERE THANKFUL FOR THE

1213
00:44:18,100 --> 00:44:18,400
OPPORTUNITY.

1214
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:22,805
WE PROVIDED INPUT TO THE FORCED

1215
00:44:22,805 --> 00:44:24,873
ASSUMPTIONS DOCUMENT, TAXONOMY

1216
00:44:24,873 --> 00:44:26,775
DIAGRAM, THE PRIMARY TAXONOMY

1217
00:44:26,775 --> 00:44:28,277
DIAGRAM, THE TERMINOLOGY

1218
00:44:28,277 --> 00:44:32,748
DOCUMENT, AND THE WRITE UP FOR

1219
00:44:32,748 --> 00:44:39,521
CONSIDERATIONS FOR FORCES AND

1220
00:44:39,521 --> 00:44:40,389
FORCE-BASED MANIPULATION.

1221
00:44:40,389 --> 00:44:43,425
OUR OTHER MAIN GOAL IS TO

1222
00:44:43,425 --> 00:44:44,193
DEVELOP LITERATURE REVIEWS WITH

1223
00:44:44,193 --> 00:44:47,796
A KEY GOAL TO EVALUATE THE

1224
00:44:47,796 --> 00:44:48,964
CURRENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF

1225
00:44:48,964 --> 00:44:51,033
MECHANISM ACTION IN RESPONSE TO

1226
00:44:51,033 --> 00:44:52,001
FORCED-BASED MANIPULATIONS FROM

1227
00:44:52,001 --> 00:44:54,269
THE LITERATURE. 

1228
00:44:54,269 --> 00:44:55,437
THESE ARE MECHANISMS IN THE

1229
00:44:55,437 --> 00:44:56,372
TISSUES THEMSELVES.

1230
00:44:56,372 --> 00:45:01,310
OUR INITIAL DOCUMENT WILL FOCUS

1231
00:45:01,310 --> 00:45:02,778
ON EXEMPLAR FORCE-BASED

1232
00:45:02,778 --> 00:45:03,912
MANIPULATIONS AND TECHNIQUES

1233
00:45:03,912 --> 00:45:05,581
IDENTIFIED IN THESE VARIOUS

1234
00:45:05,581 --> 00:45:06,749
PUBLICATIONS.

1235
00:45:06,749 --> 00:45:12,921
WE ALSO STRIVE TO IEE, AUDIENCE

1236
00:45:12,921 --> 00:45:16,458
DENTIFY POTENTIAL KNOWLEDGE GAPS

1237
00:45:16,458 --> 00:45:17,493
AND POTENTIAL CUTTING-EDGE

1238
00:45:17,493 --> 00:45:19,662
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES TO

1239
00:45:19,662 --> 00:45:20,529
ADVANCE MECHANISTIC

1240
00:45:20,529 --> 00:45:20,863
UNDERSTANDING.

1241
00:45:20,863 --> 00:45:22,898
WE HAVE UTILIZE THE FRAMEWORK

1242
00:45:22,898 --> 00:45:24,733
TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP AS YOU

1243
00:45:24,733 --> 00:45:25,200
CAN SEE HERE.

1244
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:27,436
THUS FAR WE'VE IDENTIFIED OVER

1245
00:45:27,436 --> 00:45:29,304
160 PAPERS IN THE LITERATURE AND

1246
00:45:29,304 --> 00:45:31,073
THERE WILL BE MORE BEING

1247
00:45:31,073 --> 00:45:33,742
IDENTIFIED IN WHICH FORCED BASE

1248
00:45:33,742 --> 00:45:37,246
MANIPULATIONS ON TISSUES WERE

1249
00:45:37,246 --> 00:45:37,680
EXPLORED.

1250
00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:39,848
INITIALLY WE SUBDIVIDED THESE

1251
00:45:39,848 --> 00:45:40,816
INTO TISSUE LAYERING TYPE

1252
00:45:40,816 --> 00:45:45,954
TARGETED BY THE FORCED BASED

1253
00:45:45,954 --> 00:45:47,489
MANIPULATION METHOD THAT WAS

1254
00:45:47,489 --> 00:45:47,956
UTILIZED.

1255
00:45:47,956 --> 00:45:49,792
SO FOR EXAMPLE, IN BONE

1256
00:45:49,792 --> 00:45:52,828
CARTILAGE AND JOINT, IF WE JUST

1257
00:45:52,828 --> 00:45:54,396
LOOK AT MANUAL THERAPIES ON

1258
00:45:54,396 --> 00:45:56,265
THESE TISSUES, 5 PAPERS WERE

1259
00:45:56,265 --> 00:45:58,000
IDENTIFIED, HOWEVER, IF WE MOVE

1260
00:45:58,000 --> 00:46:01,704
ON TO THE IN VIVO MODELS AND THE

1261
00:46:01,704 --> 00:46:03,505
PILOT STUDY ON THIS BUT THERE

1262
00:46:03,505 --> 00:46:08,210
ARE SEVERAL IN VIVO MODELS

1263
00:46:08,210 --> 00:46:09,411
EXAMINING OFTIO SIGHTS FOR

1264
00:46:09,411 --> 00:46:12,281
EXAMPLE THEN THE AMOUNT OF

1265
00:46:12,281 --> 00:46:14,183
PAPERS EXPAND CONSIDERABLY.

1266
00:46:14,183 --> 00:46:16,885
AMOUNT MUCH PAPERS EXAMINING

1267
00:46:16,885 --> 00:46:23,225
MECHANISMS OF ACTION ARE

1268
00:46:23,225 --> 00:46:23,826
INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS ARE 40

1269
00:46:23,826 --> 00:46:26,962
RIGHT NOW AND LET'S NOT FORGET

1270
00:46:26,962 --> 00:46:29,832
FASCIA, SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS

1271
00:46:29,832 --> 00:46:31,333
TISSUES THAT CONNECT OUR SKIN

1272
00:46:31,333 --> 00:46:33,702
TOGETHER AND THERE ARE 23 TODAY.

1273
00:46:33,702 --> 00:46:35,471
THERE ARE ALSO 60 PAPERS

1274
00:46:35,471 --> 00:46:41,110
EXAMINING MUSCLES ACCIDENT  MUSD

1275
00:46:41,110 --> 00:46:45,214
ARTERIESS AND THEN WE HAVE

1276
00:46:45,214 --> 00:46:47,649
SOMATIC AND CENTRAL NEURON

1277
00:46:47,649 --> 00:46:49,318
SYSTEMS WITH 20 OR MORE TO GO.

1278
00:46:49,318 --> 00:46:50,719
WE ARE TRYING TO SINNER UTILIZE

1279
00:46:50,719 --> 00:46:52,121
WITH THE WORKING GROUP TOW THAT

1280
00:46:52,121 --> 00:46:56,892
WE CAN HAVE A NICE HARMONY

1281
00:46:56,892 --> 00:46:58,460
ACROSS OUR GROUPS.

1282
00:46:58,460 --> 00:47:00,796
NOW I PERCEIVE THAT THAT WILL BE

1283
00:47:00,796 --> 00:47:02,030
A SEPARATE VIEW PAPER THAN THIS

1284
00:47:02,030 --> 00:47:03,599
NEXT 1 I WILL DISCUSS WHERE

1285
00:47:03,599 --> 00:47:10,706
WE'RE LOOKING AT THE BODY

1286
00:47:10,706 --> 00:47:14,143
SYSTEMS IMPACTED LIKE ARTERIOLE

1287
00:47:14,143 --> 00:47:16,678
LYMPHATIC, IMMUNE, INFLAATORY,

1288
00:47:16,678 --> 00:47:19,047
NERVOUS SYSTEM LIKE PAIN AND

1289
00:47:19,047 --> 00:47:19,782
NEUROIMMUNE, THE PSYCHOSOCIAL

1290
00:47:19,782 --> 00:47:24,286
SECTION WILL BE ABBREVIATED.

1291
00:47:24,286 --> 00:47:25,387
DR. CASE FROM NEURONS MATTR ARE

1292
00:47:25,387 --> 00:47:27,956
WORKING ON A FULL REVIEW OF THE

1293
00:47:27,956 --> 00:47:29,591
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS AND HOPE TO

1294
00:47:29,591 --> 00:47:35,564
FINISH THAT IN THE FALL.

1295
00:47:35,564 --> 00:47:37,432
WE'RE ALSO STRIVING TO

1296
00:47:37,432 --> 00:47:38,967
CATEGORIZE THE LITERATURE BY

1297
00:47:38,967 --> 00:47:42,471
SPECIFIC FORCED BASE

1298
00:47:42,471 --> 00:47:43,505
MANIPULATION METHOD UTILIZED

1299
00:47:43,505 --> 00:47:46,809
THAT THEN CREATES THESE CHANGES

1300
00:47:46,809 --> 00:47:51,313
IN THE TISSUES, LIKE JOINT

1301
00:47:51,313 --> 00:47:51,880
MOBILIZATION, INSTRUMENTED,

1302
00:47:51,880 --> 00:47:54,116
MASSAGE, MY O FACIAL THERAPY,

1303
00:47:54,116 --> 00:47:55,651
SPINAL MANIPULATION AND MORE AND

1304
00:47:55,651 --> 00:47:57,686
SPECIFIC PARADIGMS WILL BE

1305
00:47:57,686 --> 00:47:58,754
DELINEATED ACCORDING TO THE

1306
00:47:58,754 --> 00:48:01,990
SCAFFOLD, THIS WILL HAVE TO BE

1307
00:48:01,990 --> 00:48:03,725
INCLUDED IN EACH OF OUR REVIEWS

1308
00:48:03,725 --> 00:48:05,894
AND YOU CAN SEE ALREADY THAT

1309
00:48:05,894 --> 00:48:11,300
THERE IS SYNERGY WITH THE FORCED

1310
00:48:11,300 --> 00:48:12,167
BASED--FORCED TAXONOMY GROUPS

1311
00:48:12,167 --> 00:48:17,272
DIAGRAMS THEY HAVE PRESENTED.

1312
00:48:17,272 --> 00:48:20,509
WE ALSO SEE THE--A CHANCE TO

1313
00:48:20,509 --> 00:48:24,012
EXPAND ON THE LIMA ET ALL IN

1314
00:48:24,012 --> 00:48:26,048
2020 WHERE 1 CAN LOOK AT THE

1315
00:48:26,048 --> 00:48:28,150
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARAMETERS

1316
00:48:28,150 --> 00:48:31,153
USED, HOW MANY PAPERS HAVE BEEN

1317
00:48:31,153 --> 00:48:33,288
PUBLISHED ON EACH 1 AND

1318
00:48:33,288 --> 00:48:35,657
DIFFERENT SORT OF IDEAS THAT WE

1319
00:48:35,657 --> 00:48:40,329
CAN EXPAND ON AND OUR ABILITY TO

1320
00:48:40,329 --> 00:48:40,662
IDENTIFY GAPS.

1321
00:48:40,662 --> 00:48:45,601
WE'RE HOPING TO USE ALL OF THIS

1322
00:48:45,601 --> 00:48:47,469
TO IDENTIFY THERAPIES FOR WHICH

1323
00:48:47,469 --> 00:48:50,205
UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE

1324
00:48:50,205 --> 00:48:50,539
UNCLEAR.

1325
00:48:50,539 --> 00:48:51,940
THERAPIES FOR WHICH MORE

1326
00:48:51,940 --> 00:48:52,608
RESEARCH IS NEEDED.

1327
00:48:52,608 --> 00:48:54,776
FOR THIS WE WILL PUT OUT A CALL

1328
00:48:54,776 --> 00:48:56,478
FROM OUR NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY

1329
00:48:56,478 --> 00:48:59,615
THE LEAST STUDIED MECHANISMS OF

1330
00:48:59,615 --> 00:49:00,048
MECHANO THERAPIES.

1331
00:49:00,048 --> 00:49:03,418
WE ALSO STRIVE TO IDENTIFY OR

1332
00:49:03,418 --> 00:49:04,486
SUGGEST POTENTIAL CUTTING EDGE

1333
00:49:04,486 --> 00:49:06,321
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES TO

1334
00:49:06,321 --> 00:49:07,222
ADVANCE MECHANISTIC

1335
00:49:07,222 --> 00:49:08,423
UNDERSTANDING IN COLLABORATION

1336
00:49:08,423 --> 00:49:16,331
WITH A METHODOLOGY AND

1337
00:49:16,331 --> 00:49:17,232
TECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUP.

1338
00:49:17,232 --> 00:49:19,334
WE WILL COLLABORATE WITH THE

1339
00:49:19,334 --> 00:49:20,636
DISSEMINATION WORKING GROUP TO

1340
00:49:20,636 --> 00:49:21,904
PRODUCE LIVING DOCUMENTS AND

1341
00:49:21,904 --> 00:49:23,105
RELATED SOURCES.

1342
00:49:23,105 --> 00:49:24,973
SINCE THE LITERATURE EXPANDS

1343
00:49:24,973 --> 00:49:26,041
REGULARLY AND WE HOPE

1344
00:49:26,041 --> 00:49:29,144
EXTENSIVELY BASED ON ALL OF OUR

1345
00:49:29,144 --> 00:49:31,413
EFFORTS, WE SEE THIS OR ALL OF

1346
00:49:31,413 --> 00:49:32,547
THESE HAS LIVING DOCUMENTS WE

1347
00:49:32,547 --> 00:49:35,550
NEED TO BE UPDATED REGULARLY.

1348
00:49:35,550 --> 00:49:36,952
WE ENVISION USING VARIOUS OPGS

1349
00:49:36,952 --> 00:49:38,020
FOR DISSEMINATION TO THE PUBLIC

1350
00:49:38,020 --> 00:49:40,255
AS A PLACE FOR A LIVING

1351
00:49:40,255 --> 00:49:44,593
DOCUMENT, UPDATING IT REGULARLY

1352
00:49:44,593 --> 00:49:47,296
INCLUDING OF THE PREPRINT SERVER

1353
00:49:47,296 --> 00:49:50,465
FROM BIOLOGY, SUGGESTIONS

1354
00:49:50,465 --> 00:49:53,168
INCLUDED LIKE AN ENCYCLOPEDIA

1355
00:49:53,168 --> 00:49:54,569
MBPI JOURNALS, INTERNATIONALLY

1356
00:49:54,569 --> 00:49:57,072
PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS

1357
00:49:57,072 --> 00:49:59,608
JOURNAL THAT RECORDS QUALIFIED

1358
00:49:59,608 --> 00:50:01,176
REVIEWS THAT OFFER COMPREHENSIVE

1359
00:50:01,176 --> 00:50:03,645
ANALYSIS OF THE EXTANT

1360
00:50:03,645 --> 00:50:04,413
LITERATURE, IEKS DENTIFYING

1361
00:50:04,413 --> 00:50:06,014
CURRENT GAPS OR PROBLEMS,

1362
00:50:06,014 --> 00:50:08,283
THEREFORE MATCHING OUR GOALS AND

1363
00:50:08,283 --> 00:50:09,384
THEN WE RECEIVED SOME WHITE

1364
00:50:09,384 --> 00:50:09,651
PAPERS.

1365
00:50:09,651 --> 00:50:11,753
THIS IS ALL IN ADDITION TO

1366
00:50:11,753 --> 00:50:15,457
PUBLISHED PEER REVIEWED PAPERS.

1367
00:50:15,457 --> 00:50:18,026
COME OUR WORKING GROUP

1368
00:50:18,026 --> 00:50:18,961
MEMBERS--AND OUR WORKING GROUP

1369
00:50:18,961 --> 00:50:22,698
MEMBERS HAVE BEEN ENGAGED WITH

1370
00:50:22,698 --> 00:50:23,966
SEVERAL DIFFERENT PEER REVIEWED

1371
00:50:23,966 --> 00:50:28,370
PUBLICATIONS AS YOU CAN SEE ON

1372
00:50:28,370 --> 00:50:28,904
THIS LIST HERE.

1373
00:50:28,904 --> 00:50:31,306
SEE IF I CAN GET RID OF SOME OF

1374
00:50:31,306 --> 00:50:33,241
THESE THINGS IN THE WAY SO THAT

1375
00:50:33,241 --> 00:50:40,248
YOU CAN SEE THE LOWER CASE WAS

1376
00:50:40,248 --> 00:50:42,017
WITH REDUCED HEAT PAIN IN A

1377
00:50:42,017 --> 00:50:43,986
RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL AND WE

1378
00:50:43,986 --> 00:50:46,154
HAVE OTHER 1S LIKE IF YOU LOOK

1379
00:50:46,154 --> 00:50:50,192
AT NUMBER 4, DR. COOK EXPLAINED

1380
00:50:50,192 --> 00:50:51,493
THE INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS

1381
00:50:51,493 --> 00:50:52,194
DEFINITION OF CONTEXTURAL

1382
00:50:52,194 --> 00:50:53,428
FACTORS WHICH IS VERY USEFUL FOR

1383
00:50:53,428 --> 00:50:58,233
OUR GROUP AS WELL.

1384
00:50:58,233 --> 00:51:00,769
AND THEN NUMBER 5 THE MANUEL

1385
00:51:00,769 --> 00:51:05,640
THERAPY AND EXERCISE EFFECTS OF

1386
00:51:05,640 --> 00:51:07,109
ON INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES A

1387
00:51:07,109 --> 00:51:09,311
NARRATIVE OVERVIEW, WELL WE HAVE

1388
00:51:09,311 --> 00:51:10,445
DISCOVERED THIS FAR WITH OUR

1389
00:51:10,445 --> 00:51:13,749
TABLE THIS IS FAR IS THAT A

1390
00:51:13,749 --> 00:51:14,649
REDUCTION IN INFLAMMATORY

1391
00:51:14,649 --> 00:51:17,219
PROCESS SEEMS TO BE 1 KEY

1392
00:51:17,219 --> 00:51:18,754
MECHANISM INVOLVED THAT THE

1393
00:51:18,754 --> 00:51:20,489
TISSUES'RE UNDERGOING WITH THE

1394
00:51:20,489 --> 00:51:21,289
FORCED BASE MANIPULATION.

1395
00:51:21,289 --> 00:51:24,726
AND THEN THERE'S MAYBE OTHER

1396
00:51:24,726 --> 00:51:30,098
THEMES, WE'VE ALL BEEN QUITE

1397
00:51:30,098 --> 00:51:36,004
BUSY. 

1398
00:51:36,004 --> 00:51:37,205
THERE'S AN IASP-PAIN THERAPY

1399
00:51:37,205 --> 00:51:40,208
REPORT AND SO THAT'S MY REPORT

1400
00:51:40,208 --> 00:51:47,649
AND THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1401
00:51:47,649 --> 00:51:49,584
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH

1402
00:51:49,584 --> 00:51:53,688
DR. BARBE, LAST BUT NOT LEAST WE

1403
00:51:53,688 --> 00:51:56,158
HAVE DR. GREG KAWCHUK WHO WILL

1404
00:51:56,158 --> 00:51:59,194
GIVE AN UPDATE ON THE METHOLOGY

1405
00:51:59,194 --> 00:52:01,863
AND TECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUP

1406
00:52:01,863 --> 00:52:02,130
PROGRESS.

1407
00:52:02,130 --> 00:52:12,574
GREG, ARE YOU ON THE LINE?

1408
00:52:13,809 --> 00:52:17,212
>> HI, EVERYBODY, ABLE TO
HEAR

1409
00:52:17,212 --> 00:52:17,779
MY AUDIO NOW.

1410
00:52:17,779 --> 00:52:21,783
>> YES, WE CAN HEAR YOU
NOW.

1411
00:52:21,783 --> 00:52:23,218
>> YEAH, MY APOLOGIES FOR
THE

1412
00:52:23,218 --> 00:52:23,852
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY RIGHT

1413
00:52:23,852 --> 00:52:27,055
THERE, THERE IS NO 1 MORE

1414
00:52:27,055 --> 00:52:28,523
DISAPPOINTED THAN ME BY NOT

1415
00:52:28,523 --> 00:52:29,858
BEING AT THIS EVENT TODAY.

1416
00:52:29,858 --> 00:52:31,359
MANY OF YOU WE NEVER MET AND

1417
00:52:31,359 --> 00:52:32,761
STARTED THIS WORK REMOTELY AND

1418
00:52:32,761 --> 00:52:34,996
IT WAS REALLY SOMETHING THAT I

1419
00:52:34,996 --> 00:52:36,665
WAS HIGHLY LOOKING FORWARD TO

1420
00:52:36,665 --> 00:52:37,999
AND MY APOLOGIES FOR NOT BEING

1421
00:52:37,999 --> 00:52:39,434
ABLE TO MAKE IT THERE TODAY.

1422
00:52:39,434 --> 00:52:41,870
SO THIS IS MY REPORT FROM THE

1423
00:52:41,870 --> 00:52:44,039
METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY

1424
00:52:44,039 --> 00:52:46,475
WORKING GROUP AND I'LL JUST

1425
00:52:46,475 --> 00:52:47,476
BEGIN BY INTRODUCING THE MEMBERS

1426
00:52:47,476 --> 00:52:49,945
OF THE GROUP WHO MANY OF WHOM

1427
00:52:49,945 --> 00:52:52,214
YOU HEARD FROM OR HAVE SEEN

1428
00:52:52,214 --> 00:52:56,551
MENTIONED TODAY ALREADY.

1429
00:52:56,551 --> 00:52:57,986
ARIN ELLING SON, GREG, GARY AND

1430
00:52:57,986 --> 00:53:01,723
KARL LEWIS WHO ARE FROM OTHER OF

1431
00:53:01,723 --> 00:53:04,493
THE U24 PROJECTS AND THIS IS A

1432
00:53:04,493 --> 00:53:05,660
COMBINATION OF COURSE OF THE

1433
00:53:05,660 --> 00:53:06,595
WORKING GROUP OF DIFFERENT

1434
00:53:06,595 --> 00:53:08,029
PEOPLE WITH THE COMMON INTEREST

1435
00:53:08,029 --> 00:53:10,098
IN THIS TOPIC, NOW, THIS TOPIC'S

1436
00:53:10,098 --> 00:53:12,567
A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM THE 1S

1437
00:53:12,567 --> 00:53:14,169
THAT YOU HEARD PREVIOUSLY IN

1438
00:53:14,169 --> 00:53:17,372
THAT THERE'S A LOT OF DISCUSSION

1439
00:53:17,372 --> 00:53:20,142
THAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN WHEN YOU'RE

1440
00:53:20,142 --> 00:53:22,277
TRYING TO DEFINE TAXONOMY.

1441
00:53:22,277 --> 00:53:23,745
A LOT OF--I'M SURE VERY

1442
00:53:23,745 --> 00:53:25,013
INTERESTING DISCUSSIONS ABOUT

1443
00:53:25,013 --> 00:53:26,581
HOW TO DEFEIGN CERTAIN WORDS,

1444
00:53:26,581 --> 00:53:29,317
WHAT WORDS ARE INCLUDED OR NOT,

1445
00:53:29,317 --> 00:53:30,185
ET CETERA.

1446
00:53:30,185 --> 00:53:31,586
AND SIMILARLY WITH MECHANISMS

1447
00:53:31,586 --> 00:53:34,322
THAT'S A PRETTY FLUID TOPIC AS

1448
00:53:34,322 --> 00:53:35,390
WELL THAT DESERVES A LOT OF

1449
00:53:35,390 --> 00:53:36,658
DISCUSSION TO BE ABLE TO GET TO

1450
00:53:36,658 --> 00:53:39,728
THE POINT OF WHAT'S INCLUDED IN

1451
00:53:39,728 --> 00:53:41,963
THE DISCUSSION.

1452
00:53:41,963 --> 00:53:44,966
OUR MANDATE IS A BIT DIFFERENT.

1453
00:53:44,966 --> 00:53:47,569
OUR MANDATE IS TOCCATA LOG OR

1454
00:53:47,569 --> 00:53:52,407
WAREHOUSE ALL THE DIFFERENT

1455
00:53:52,407 --> 00:53:52,908
METHLOGICAL TECHNIQUES,

1456
00:53:52,908 --> 00:53:53,508
TECHNOLOGIES, PROTOCOLS THAT

1457
00:53:53,508 --> 00:53:58,146
COULD BE USED IN THE STUDY OF

1458
00:53:58,146 --> 00:53:59,347
FORCED BASE MECHANISMS AND

1459
00:53:59,347 --> 00:54:00,615
THAT'S SOMETHING THAT ISN'T

1460
00:54:00,615 --> 00:54:03,351
REALLY CONTROVERSIAL IN TERMS OF

1461
00:54:03,351 --> 00:54:06,254
HAVING TO DEFINE WORDS OR

1462
00:54:06,254 --> 00:54:07,189
DEFINITIONS OR TAXONOMIES, BUT

1463
00:54:07,189 --> 00:54:08,990
IT IS A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF

1464
00:54:08,990 --> 00:54:10,025
WORK AND YOU CAN IMAGINE THE

1465
00:54:10,025 --> 00:54:10,892
SCOPE OF THE DIFFERENT

1466
00:54:10,892 --> 00:54:13,895
TECHNIQUES THAT CAN BE USED TO

1467
00:54:13,895 --> 00:54:14,462
ACHIEVE THIS.

1468
00:54:14,462 --> 00:54:16,565
SO WE USED A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT

1469
00:54:16,565 --> 00:54:17,632
TECHNIQUES THAT I WILL SHOW YOU

1470
00:54:17,632 --> 00:54:19,634
ABOUT IN A SECOND, BUT REALLY WE

1471
00:54:19,634 --> 00:54:21,803
SPLIT THIS UP INTO 2 DIFFERENT

1472
00:54:21,803 --> 00:54:24,339
DOMAINS, THE FIRST WAS TO

1473
00:54:24,339 --> 00:54:25,674
CAPTURE THOSE METHODOLOGIES AND

1474
00:54:25,674 --> 00:54:28,510
TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE CURRENTLY

1475
00:54:28,510 --> 00:54:31,046
USED OR AT LEAST HAVE PAPERS

1476
00:54:31,046 --> 00:54:32,614
THAT WERE PUBLISHED DIRECTLY

1477
00:54:32,614 --> 00:54:33,915
RELATING TO METHODOLOGIES AND

1478
00:54:33,915 --> 00:54:36,418
TECHNOLOGIES TO OUTCOMES THAT

1479
00:54:36,418 --> 00:54:37,419
WERE DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH

1480
00:54:37,419 --> 00:54:41,856
FORCED BASE MECHANISMS AND THEN

1481
00:54:41,856 --> 00:54:43,758
A LITTLE MORE, I GUESS FORWARD

1482
00:54:43,758 --> 00:54:46,161
THINKING IN THAT TRYING TO

1483
00:54:46,161 --> 00:54:47,495
IESHES DENTIFY THESE DIFFERENT

1484
00:54:47,495 --> 00:54:48,763
METHOLOGYS AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT

1485
00:54:48,763 --> 00:54:51,733
HAD POTENTIAL TO BE INVOLVED IN

1486
00:54:51,733 --> 00:54:52,467
THIS AREA.

1487
00:54:52,467 --> 00:54:57,539
SO IF THERE WAS ANY AREA FOR

1488
00:54:57,539 --> 00:54:58,406
CONTROVERSY OR DISAGREEMENT IT

1489
00:54:58,406 --> 00:55:00,475
WOULD BE IN THIS AREA BUT

1490
00:55:00,475 --> 00:55:01,943
BECAUSE IN 1 SENSE INTERESTING

1491
00:55:01,943 --> 00:55:03,745
CAN BE USED AS A POTENTIAL

1492
00:55:03,745 --> 00:55:05,146
METHOD, WHO KNOWS WHAT'S OUT

1493
00:55:05,146 --> 00:55:09,951
THERE AND  WHAT CAN BE DISCOVERD

1494
00:55:09,951 --> 00:55:11,886
SO THAT'S HOW WE HYBRIDIZE THIS

1495
00:55:11,886 --> 00:55:13,421
AND THEN THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF

1496
00:55:13,421 --> 00:55:14,356
AN OPPORTUNITY HERE TO

1497
00:55:14,356 --> 00:55:15,423
CATEGORIZE OR KEEP UP TO DATE

1498
00:55:15,423 --> 00:55:17,559
THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT WE HAVE

1499
00:55:17,559 --> 00:55:18,994
WITHIN THE COMMUNITY TO EITHER

1500
00:55:18,994 --> 00:55:23,431
APPLY FOR FUNDING OR TO NETWORK

1501
00:55:23,431 --> 00:55:24,366
AND ATTEND CONFERENCES AND OTHER

1502
00:55:24,366 --> 00:55:26,234
THINGS LIKE THAT IN THIS AREA.

1503
00:55:26,234 --> 00:55:28,036
SO WITH THAT, WE USED A COUPLE

1504
00:55:28,036 --> 00:55:30,272
OF TECHNIQUES TO ACQUIRE THESE

1505
00:55:30,272 --> 00:55:31,206
DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES AND 1 OF

1506
00:55:31,206 --> 00:55:34,743
THEM WAS TO SIMPLY CREATE THIS

1507
00:55:34,743 --> 00:55:34,976
ROADMAP.

1508
00:55:34,976 --> 00:55:37,312
AND THIS WAS TO INVITE EVERYONE

1509
00:55:37,312 --> 00:55:39,381
IN THE NETWORKS, INCLUDING

1510
00:55:39,381 --> 00:55:40,448
MEMBERSHIPS ISSUES NOT JUST

1511
00:55:40,448 --> 00:55:41,583
LEADERSHIP BUT TO INVITE THEM

1512
00:55:41,583 --> 00:55:43,985
AND ASK, WHAT HAVE YOU USED IN

1513
00:55:43,985 --> 00:55:45,287
YOUR WORK OR IF YOU WOULD LIKE

1514
00:55:45,287 --> 00:55:47,856
TO EVEN GO FURTHER, PUT DOWN

1515
00:55:47,856 --> 00:55:50,659
SOME OF THE THINGS THAT YOU

1516
00:55:50,659 --> 00:55:52,427
CONSIDER TO BE THE IMPORTANT

1517
00:55:52,427 --> 00:55:53,061
METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

1518
00:55:53,061 --> 00:55:57,299
AND WE WERE ABLE TO ACCUMULATE

1519
00:55:57,299 --> 00:55:59,401
QUITE A LIST, THERE'S A LOT OF

1520
00:55:59,401 --> 00:56:00,935
DUPLICATION AS YOU CAN IMAGINE,

1521
00:56:00,935 --> 00:56:02,604
THERE'S A LOT OF CONDENSING THAT

1522
00:56:02,604 --> 00:56:04,773
HAS TO HAPPEN TO MAKE THIS

1523
00:56:04,773 --> 00:56:06,041
REALLY SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN

1524
00:56:06,041 --> 00:56:07,442
NAVIGATE IN A WAY THAT IS EASY

1525
00:56:07,442 --> 00:56:08,043
AND ACCESS CLINICAL COMMUNITY

1526
00:56:08,043 --> 00:56:09,411
AND WE WILL GET ON IT THAT IN A

1527
00:56:09,411 --> 00:56:13,415
SECOND EMPLOY AND THEN WE'VE GOT

1528
00:56:13,415 --> 00:56:14,916
SOME--A LIST THAT SPLITS INTO

1529
00:56:14,916 --> 00:56:16,117
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES THAT HAVE

1530
00:56:16,117 --> 00:56:17,719
POTENTIAL BAH MAYBE HAVEN'T BEEN

1531
00:56:17,719 --> 00:56:23,291
USED IN THIS FIELD YET AND

1532
00:56:23,291 --> 00:56:24,259
IT'S--BESIDES THE GROUP

1533
00:56:24,259 --> 00:56:25,160
VOLUNTEERING THIS INFORMATION

1534
00:56:25,160 --> 00:56:26,461
THROUGH OUR DIRECT INVITATION,

1535
00:56:26,461 --> 00:56:28,330
WE WERE ALSO FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO

1536
00:56:28,330 --> 00:56:30,265
HIRE A MASTERS OF SCIENCE

1537
00:56:30,265 --> 00:56:31,132
LIBRARIAN STUDENT WHO WAS ABLE

1538
00:56:31,132 --> 00:56:34,302
TO GO THROUGH THE LITERATURE AS

1539
00:56:34,302 --> 00:56:35,637
WELL AND PULL THE DEFINITE

1540
00:56:35,637 --> 00:56:37,939
MOTHOLOGYS FROM THE PAPERS THAT

1541
00:56:37,939 --> 00:56:42,344
ARE IDENTIFIED AS ASSOCIATED

1542
00:56:42,344 --> 00:56:42,744
WITH FORCED-BASED

1543
00:56:42,744 --> 00:56:43,111
INTERVENTIONED.

1544
00:56:43,111 --> 00:56:46,147
THAT AS WELL AS ADVANCES IN

1545
00:56:46,147 --> 00:56:47,849
LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS INCLUDING

1546
00:56:47,849 --> 00:56:49,818
SOME OF THE SPECIFIC LITERATURE

1547
00:56:49,818 --> 00:56:52,721
SEARCH TOOLS THAT CHAT GPT

1548
00:56:52,721 --> 00:56:54,389
OFFERS SUCH AS CONSENSUS ARE

1549
00:56:54,389 --> 00:56:56,458
REALLY HELPFUL IN FINDING

1550
00:56:56,458 --> 00:56:58,393
GENERAL FEEDS THAT MAYBE WE HAD

1551
00:56:58,393 --> 00:56:59,961
OVERLOOKED AND THEN EXPLORING

1552
00:56:59,961 --> 00:57:01,596
THOSE THEMES FOR PARTICULAR

1553
00:57:01,596 --> 00:57:02,130
EXAMPLES.

1554
00:57:02,130 --> 00:57:05,133
SO WITH THAT WE REALIZE THIS IS

1555
00:57:05,133 --> 00:57:07,936
A PRETTY FLUID AREA, 1 WHERE

1556
00:57:07,936 --> 00:57:10,772
PAPERS ARE BEING PUBLISHED

1557
00:57:10,772 --> 00:57:12,574
CONSTANTLY WITH MAYBE NEW IDEAS,

1558
00:57:12,574 --> 00:57:13,608
TECHNOLOGIES, ET CETERA BUT YOU

1559
00:57:13,608 --> 00:57:15,944
HEARD A LOT TODAY ABOUT CREATING

1560
00:57:15,944 --> 00:57:17,278
UPDATES TO DOCUMS, LIVING DOCUMS

1561
00:57:17,278 --> 00:57:19,514
AND WE WANT TO REALLY TAKE THAT

1562
00:57:19,514 --> 00:57:20,949
TO HEART AND SAY THAT WE NEEDED

1563
00:57:20,949 --> 00:57:23,017
TO HAVE SOMETHING THAT WASN'T

1564
00:57:23,017 --> 00:57:24,819
NECESSARILY JUST A MARK IN ITS

1565
00:57:24,819 --> 00:57:25,653
END AS A PUBLICATION BUT

1566
00:57:25,653 --> 00:57:27,756
SOMETHING THAT COULD BE USED IN

1567
00:57:27,756 --> 00:57:28,323
AN ONGOING BASIS.

1568
00:57:28,323 --> 00:57:32,193
SO WITH THAT WE CREATED A

1569
00:57:32,193 --> 00:57:33,528
WEBPAGE AND I'LL SHOW YOU IN

1570
00:57:33,528 --> 00:57:34,996
JUST A SECOND, BASED ON THE

1571
00:57:34,996 --> 00:57:36,798
CREATION OF THIS PEB PAGE, WOULD

1572
00:57:36,798 --> 00:57:39,100
BE THE FORMULATION OF OUR FIRST

1573
00:57:39,100 --> 00:57:40,535
ACADEMIC PAPER OF HOW ALL THIS

1574
00:57:40,535 --> 00:57:40,802
HAPPENED.

1575
00:57:40,802 --> 00:57:43,238
SO IN THE CHAT, I'VE ACTUALLY

1576
00:57:43,238 --> 00:57:45,607
PUT THE WEBSITE SO YOU CAN

1577
00:57:45,607 --> 00:57:47,242
ACCESS IT DIRECTLY, THE QR CODE

1578
00:57:47,242 --> 00:57:50,111
DOESN'T SEEM TO GIVE YOU THE

1579
00:57:50,111 --> 00:57:51,279
FULL WEBPAGE EXPERIENCE BUT YOU

1580
00:57:51,279 --> 00:57:54,349
CAN CERTAINLY USE IT.

1581
00:57:54,349 --> 00:57:58,119
BUT THE CHAT SHOULD HAVE THE

1582
00:57:58,119 --> 00:57:58,486
URL.

1583
00:57:58,486 --> 00:58:00,722
SO THIS WEBPAGE IS A NICE 1.

1584
00:58:00,722 --> 00:58:04,359
VERY SIMPLE TO MAKE ON 3

1585
00:58:04,359 --> 00:58:05,193
PLATFORM GOOGLE SITES AND

1586
00:58:05,193 --> 00:58:06,628
THERE'S A LOT OF STUFF YOU CAN

1587
00:58:06,628 --> 00:58:07,962
IMAGINE A WEBSITE SHOULD HAVE,

1588
00:58:07,962 --> 00:58:10,532
BUT THE KEY FEATURE THAT BRINGS

1589
00:58:10,532 --> 00:58:12,200
TOGETHER A LISTING OF ALL THE

1590
00:58:12,200 --> 00:58:13,134
METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

1591
00:58:13,134 --> 00:58:19,107
IS THIS INTERACTIVE MINE MAP, SO

1592
00:58:19,107 --> 00:58:20,408
ON THE WEBSITE YOU CAN INTERACT

1593
00:58:20,408 --> 00:58:22,043
WITH THE MINE MAP, IT'S A MUCH

1594
00:58:22,043 --> 00:58:23,344
BETTER EXPERIENCE ON A LAPTOP

1595
00:58:23,344 --> 00:58:24,879
RIGHT NOW THAN IT IS ON A HAND

1596
00:58:24,879 --> 00:58:26,080
HELD DEVICE AND WE HAVE TO DO A

1597
00:58:26,080 --> 00:58:27,916
BIT OF WORK THERE TO MAKE THAT

1598
00:58:27,916 --> 00:58:29,117
EASIER TO USE.

1599
00:58:29,117 --> 00:58:32,987
IT'S USEABLE, BUT IT'S A LITTLE

1600
00:58:32,987 --> 00:58:34,122
TINY.

1601
00:58:34,122 --> 00:58:35,924
SO IN THIS MIND MAP, WE SEE ON

1602
00:58:35,924 --> 00:58:38,159
THE LEFT THE GENERAL CATEGORIES

1603
00:58:38,159 --> 00:58:39,494
OF METHODOLOGIES AND CATEGORIES

1604
00:58:39,494 --> 00:58:40,662
THAT WE IDENTIFIED AND ON THE

1605
00:58:40,662 --> 00:58:43,298
RIGHT, THESE ARE SOME OF THE

1606
00:58:43,298 --> 00:58:45,033
NEWER OR PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES

1607
00:58:45,033 --> 00:58:48,136
AND METHODOLOGIES THAT MAY BE

1608
00:58:48,136 --> 00:58:51,072
INVOLVED IN FORCED BASED

1609
00:58:51,072 --> 00:58:52,574
INTERVENTION RESEARCH AND THAT,

1610
00:58:52,574 --> 00:58:54,075
I'M SURE WE'VE ALL USED MIND

1611
00:58:54,075 --> 00:58:55,643
MAPS BEFORE BUT OF COURSE IF YOU

1612
00:58:55,643 --> 00:58:57,245
HAVEN'T, YOU CAN TOUCH ON ANY OF

1613
00:58:57,245 --> 00:58:58,880
THESE POINTS AND CONTINUOUSLY

1614
00:58:58,880 --> 00:59:01,950
BLOW THEM UP UNTIL YOU REACH

1615
00:59:01,950 --> 00:59:03,451
TERMINUS OF THE BRANCH AND HERE

1616
00:59:03,451 --> 00:59:06,187
YOU WILL SEE DIFFERENT SPECIFIC

1617
00:59:06,187 --> 00:59:06,621
METHODOLOGIES.

1618
00:59:06,621 --> 00:59:09,457
AND NOT ONLY DO YOU SEE THE

1619
00:59:09,457 --> 00:59:10,091
SPECIFIC METHODOLOGIES, BUT IF

1620
00:59:10,091 --> 00:59:11,559
YOU CLICK ON THEM, YOU WILL BE

1621
00:59:11,559 --> 00:59:13,228
GIVEN AN EXAMPLE OF THAT

1622
00:59:13,228 --> 00:59:14,863
METHODOLOGY THROUGH A PUBLISHED

1623
00:59:14,863 --> 00:59:15,096
PAPER.

1624
00:59:15,096 --> 00:59:16,564
SO YOU CAN CLICK ON THAT AND

1625
00:59:16,564 --> 00:59:18,633
SOMETIMES WE HAVE MULTIPLES OF

1626
00:59:18,633 --> 00:59:20,335
THESE EXAMPLES, AND YOU WILL BE

1627
00:59:20,335 --> 00:59:22,570
TAKEN DIRECTLY TO THE WEBPAGE

1628
00:59:22,570 --> 00:59:24,472
WHERE THAT PAPER APPEARS, WHICH

1629
00:59:24,472 --> 00:59:26,107
I THINK THE JOURNAL PUBLISHERS

1630
00:59:26,107 --> 00:59:26,941
REALLY APPRECIATE RATHER THAN

1631
00:59:26,941 --> 00:59:29,511
GOING THROUGH SOME OF THE OTHER

1632
00:59:29,511 --> 00:59:30,211
CITATION SOURCES.

1633
00:59:30,211 --> 00:59:31,813
SO THAT'S SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN

1634
00:59:31,813 --> 00:59:35,049
INTERACT AND PLAY WITH NOW.

1635
00:59:35,049 --> 00:59:37,118
IF YOU DON'T LIKE THE MIND MAPS,

1636
00:59:37,118 --> 00:59:40,522
THERE ARE LISTS OF BOTH OF THOSE

1637
00:59:40,522 --> 00:59:42,123
CITATIONS EITHER THE CURRENT 1S

1638
00:59:42,123 --> 00:59:43,224
OR THE PROMISING 1S THAT YOU CAN

1639
00:59:43,224 --> 00:59:45,860
USE FROM THE WEBSITE AS WELL.

1640
00:59:45,860 --> 00:59:47,529
AND I JUST HAVE AN EXAMPLE OF

1641
00:59:47,529 --> 00:59:48,296
THAT HERE.

1642
00:59:48,296 --> 00:59:49,998
YOU CAN EVEN DO THIS WITHIN THE

1643
00:59:49,998 --> 00:59:50,865
MIND MAP AS WELL.

1644
00:59:50,865 --> 00:59:53,268
CAN YOU CHANGE THE STRUCTURE OF

1645
00:59:53,268 --> 00:59:55,503
THE MIND MAP TO JUST GIVE THE

1646
00:59:55,503 --> 00:59:55,937
CITATIONS.

1647
00:59:55,937 --> 00:59:57,405
AND FINALLY WE WANTED TO USE THE

1648
00:59:57,405 --> 01:00:01,910
WEBSITE AS A WAY TO CONTINUOUSLY

1649
01:00:01,910 --> 01:00:02,677
UPDATE THE INFORMATION.

1650
01:00:02,677 --> 01:00:04,112
SO OF COURSE WE'RE KAN--KANAING

1651
01:00:04,112 --> 01:00:07,415
FOR THAT ALL THE TIME BUT IF YOU

1652
01:00:07,415 --> 01:00:09,851
USE THE WEBSITE OR HAPPEN ON IT,

1653
01:00:09,851 --> 01:00:10,952
THERE'S A FEEDBACK FORM YOU CAN

1654
01:00:10,952 --> 01:00:12,654
FILL OUT IF THERE IS MAYBE A GAP

1655
01:00:12,654 --> 01:00:13,688
IF WHAT WE'RE DISPLAYING OR

1656
01:00:13,688 --> 01:00:16,858
SHOWING OR SOMETHING THAT YOU

1657
01:00:16,858 --> 01:00:18,927
THINK IS MISARRANGED AND SHOULD

1658
01:00:18,927 --> 01:00:20,328
FOLLOW UNDER ANOTHER BRANCH IN

1659
01:00:20,328 --> 01:00:21,629
THE HIERARCHY, ET CETERA AND

1660
01:00:21,629 --> 01:00:22,897
THAT FEEDBACK FORM IS NICE

1661
01:00:22,897 --> 01:00:24,866
BECAUSE INSTEAD OF AN E-MAIL

1662
01:00:24,866 --> 01:00:27,235
ADDRESS WHICH SOMEONE HAS TO

1663
01:00:27,235 --> 01:00:29,470
MONITOR AND KEEP UP TO DATE

1664
01:00:29,470 --> 01:00:31,406
WITH, WE CAN USE THIS FEEDBACK

1665
01:00:31,406 --> 01:00:32,740
FORM TO KEEP CONTINUAL RUNNING

1666
01:00:32,740 --> 01:00:33,908
LIST THAT EVERYONE CAN ACCESS TO

1667
01:00:33,908 --> 01:00:36,811
SEE WHAT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED IN

1668
01:00:36,811 --> 01:00:38,680
THE PAST AND WHAT THE MORE

1669
01:00:38,680 --> 01:00:41,516
RECENT SUGGESTIONS HAVE BEEN.

1670
01:00:41,516 --> 01:00:43,384
SO WITH THAT THE DISSEMINATION

1671
01:00:43,384 --> 01:00:44,452
OF THAT IS PRETTY STRAIGHT

1672
01:00:44,452 --> 01:00:45,887
FORWARD, IT'S JUST A MATTER OF

1673
01:00:45,887 --> 01:00:47,055
GETTING THE URL OUT TO

1674
01:00:47,055 --> 01:00:47,789
EVERYBODY, WHICH WILL HAPPEN

1675
01:00:47,789 --> 01:00:49,524
THROUGH THE WORKING GROUPS,

1676
01:00:49,524 --> 01:00:51,292
THROUGH THE U24 GROUPS AND THEIR

1677
01:00:51,292 --> 01:00:53,361
600 OR SO MEMBERS BUT OF COURSE

1678
01:00:53,361 --> 01:00:57,031
THE WEBPAGE IS OPEN TO ANYONE.

1679
01:00:57,031 --> 01:00:58,433
SO WITH THAT, IT'S 1 THING TO

1680
01:00:58,433 --> 01:01:01,970
CREATE THAT TOOL, THAT

1681
01:01:01,970 --> 01:01:03,671
CATALOGING, THAT INTERACTIVE

1682
01:01:03,671 --> 01:01:05,340
MIND MAP, WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH

1683
01:01:05,340 --> 01:01:08,109
IT? 

1684
01:01:08,109 --> 01:01:10,545
THE HOPE HAS ALWAYS BEEN THAT

1685
01:01:10,545 --> 01:01:12,113
CATEGORIZING THIS, WE CAN BEGIN

1686
01:01:12,113 --> 01:01:13,014
TO IDENTIFY WHERE THERE ARE

1687
01:01:13,014 --> 01:01:13,414
GAPS.

1688
01:01:13,414 --> 01:01:15,249
THIS IS THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF

1689
01:01:15,249 --> 01:01:18,252
THE MIND MAP, THE PROMISING

1690
01:01:18,252 --> 01:01:18,987
AREAS COMING INTO PLAY.

1691
01:01:18,987 --> 01:01:20,955
BUT YOU HEARD IT SPOKEN ABOUT

1692
01:01:20,955 --> 01:01:22,490
BEFORE WITH THE OTHER WORKING

1693
01:01:22,490 --> 01:01:23,925
GROUPS BUT IT'S REALLY THE

1694
01:01:23,925 --> 01:01:25,059
INTEGRATION OF THE WORK, GROUPS

1695
01:01:25,059 --> 01:01:26,828
THAT CAN CREATE SOME OF THE

1696
01:01:26,828 --> 01:01:28,396
OPPORTUNITIES, I THINK IN TERMS

1697
01:01:28,396 --> 01:01:31,032
OF IDENTIFYING GAPS AND OTHER

1698
01:01:31,032 --> 01:01:31,332
PRIORITIES.

1699
01:01:31,332 --> 01:01:33,134
SO YOU'VE SEEN ALREADY FROM THE

1700
01:01:33,134 --> 01:01:35,503
OTHER WORKING GROUPS, THEIR

1701
01:01:35,503 --> 01:01:37,138
OUTPUTS WHETHER IT'S FROM

1702
01:01:37,138 --> 01:01:40,108
FRAMEWORK AND TAXONOMY OR

1703
01:01:40,108 --> 01:01:41,576
MECHANISMS AND NOW IT'S TIME TO

1704
01:01:41,576 --> 01:01:42,243
TIE ALL THIS TOGETHER.

1705
01:01:42,243 --> 01:01:43,845
SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT

1706
01:01:43,845 --> 01:01:45,013
MECHANISMS THAT WILL BE LISTED

1707
01:01:45,013 --> 01:01:48,049
BY THE GROUPS, THE WORDING THAT

1708
01:01:48,049 --> 01:01:50,118
IS USED AND THE DIFFERENT

1709
01:01:50,118 --> 01:01:50,952
MOTHOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

1710
01:01:50,952 --> 01:01:53,421
THAT EXIST, HOW DO YOU PUT THOSE

1711
01:01:53,421 --> 01:01:55,423
THINGS TOGETHER BECAUSE MAYBE

1712
01:01:55,423 --> 01:01:56,224
THERE'S OPPORTUNITIES OF

1713
01:01:56,224 --> 01:01:57,892
TECHNOLOGIES THAT AREN'T BEING

1714
01:01:57,892 --> 01:01:59,761
USED IN THE MECHANISM SIDE OR

1715
01:01:59,761 --> 01:02:03,631
MECHANISMS THAT ARE PROPOSED

1716
01:02:03,631 --> 01:02:06,000
THAT DON'T HAVE TECHNOLOGIES

1717
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:08,936
THAT MAY NOT BE IDENTIFIED IN

1718
01:02:08,936 --> 01:02:10,571
TERMS OF STUDYING THOSE.

1719
01:02:10,571 --> 01:02:12,073
SO WE'RE EXPLORING NOW SOME

1720
01:02:12,073 --> 01:02:13,975
IDEAS OF USING 3D VISUALIZATION

1721
01:02:13,975 --> 01:02:15,143
TOOLS THAT WE'VE ALL SEEN BEFORE

1722
01:02:15,143 --> 01:02:17,145
THAT CAN TAKE SOME PRETTY

1723
01:02:17,145 --> 01:02:18,212
COMPLEX 3 DIMENSIONAL IDEAS AND

1724
01:02:18,212 --> 01:02:20,415
MAKE SENSE OUT OF THEM, RIGHT?

1725
01:02:20,415 --> 01:02:22,950
SO WHICH LAYERS OF WHICH GROUPS

1726
01:02:22,950 --> 01:02:26,421
MAY BE ARE MAKING SUFFICIENT

1727
01:02:26,421 --> 01:02:27,755
CONNECTIONS AND WHERE ARE THERE

1728
01:02:27,755 --> 01:02:29,023
NODES THAT ARE NOT MAKING

1729
01:02:29,023 --> 01:02:30,825
CONNECTIONS AND HOW CAN WE USE

1730
01:02:30,825 --> 01:02:32,560
THESE TYPES OF VISUALIZATION

1731
01:02:32,560 --> 01:02:33,561
TECHNIQUES BETWEEN THE WORKING

1732
01:02:33,561 --> 01:02:35,897
GROUPS TO IDENTIFY THE GAPS OR

1733
01:02:35,897 --> 01:02:38,066
LATENT IDEAS MIGHT BE LURKING

1734
01:02:38,066 --> 01:02:40,702
WITHIN ALL OF THIS CONTENT.

1735
01:02:40,702 --> 01:02:42,804
SO WITH THAT, THAT'S REALLY THE

1736
01:02:42,804 --> 01:02:43,471
REPORT FROM ME.

1737
01:02:43,471 --> 01:02:46,040
WE LOOK FORWARD TO GOING NOW TO

1738
01:02:46,040 --> 01:02:49,043
MAKING THIS AN ACADEMIC PRODUCT

1739
01:02:49,043 --> 01:02:50,445
BUT REALLY THAT'S A SLICE IN

1740
01:02:50,445 --> 01:02:52,313
TIME WHEN THAT PAPER COMES OUT.

1741
01:02:52,313 --> 01:02:54,882
THE REAL KEY I THINK IS MAKING

1742
01:02:54,882 --> 01:02:56,084
THIS AN ONANYTHING UP TO DATE

1743
01:02:56,084 --> 01:03:01,122
LIVING DOCUMENT THAT CAN BE USED

1744
01:03:01,122 --> 01:03:11,632
ON A WEBSITE SO THANK YOU VERY

1745
01:03:11,833 --> 01:03:11,966
MUCH.

1746
01:03:11,966 --> 01:03:13,301
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH TO
ALL OF

1747
01:03:13,301 --> 01:03:14,802
OUR SCIENTIFIC WORKING GROUP

1748
01:03:14,802 --> 01:03:16,270
CHAIRING FOR YOUR UPDATES THIS

1749
01:03:16,270 --> 01:03:16,804
MORNING.

1750
01:03:16,804 --> 01:03:18,239
I LOVED GREG YOUR NETWORK

1751
01:03:18,239 --> 01:03:19,907
VISUALIZATION MAP AT THE END,

1752
01:03:19,907 --> 01:03:21,309
I'M ACTUALLY CURIOUS AS TO

1753
01:03:21,309 --> 01:03:22,376
WHETHER YOU IDENTIFIED ANY GAPS

1754
01:03:22,376 --> 01:03:28,750
YET OR WHETHER THAT'S JUST A

1755
01:03:28,750 --> 01:03:29,684
PROOF OF CONCEPT?

1756
01:03:29,684 --> 01:03:31,686
YOU'RE MUTED AGAIN, SORRY,

1757
01:03:31,686 --> 01:03:32,453
UNMUTE, PLEASE.

1758
01:03:32,453 --> 01:03:33,921
NYOU THINK YOU WOULD KNOW BY

1759
01:03:33,921 --> 01:03:34,589
NOW, RIGHT?

1760
01:03:34,589 --> 01:03:35,990
THAT'S JUST A DREAM AT THIS

1761
01:03:35,990 --> 01:03:37,291
STAGE LOOKING FORWARD TO

1762
01:03:37,291 --> 01:03:40,027
ACTUALLY TACKLING THAT WITH

1763
01:03:40,027 --> 01:03:40,762
EVERYBODY THERE.

1764
01:03:40,762 --> 01:03:41,462
>> PERFECT, THERE THIS IS
A

1765
01:03:41,462 --> 01:03:43,331
DPRAIT EXAMPLE OF HOW THE

1766
01:03:43,331 --> 01:03:44,532
TRANSNETWORK GROUPS ARE WORKING

1767
01:03:44,532 --> 01:03:47,835
WITH 1 ANOTHER TO REALIZE THESE

1768
01:03:47,835 --> 01:03:50,505
VERY, YOU KNOW COMPLEX AND WELL

1769
01:03:50,505 --> 01:03:51,339
REALIZED PRODUCTS SO WE

1770
01:03:51,339 --> 01:03:53,975
APPRECIATE ALL OF YOUR UPDATES

1771
01:03:53,975 --> 01:03:54,575
THIS MORNING.

1772
01:03:54,575 --> 01:03:56,177
IT'S NOW MY HONOR TO INTRODUCE

1773
01:03:56,177 --> 01:04:00,548
OUR KEY NOTE SPEAKER FOR THIS

1774
01:04:00,548 --> 01:04:05,453
MEETING DR. VALERIA VAZQUEZ AND

1775
01:04:05,453 --> 01:04:09,891
IS A PROFESSOR AT UT HEALTH AND

1776
01:04:09,891 --> 01:04:14,262
SHE'S STUDYING THE ION CHANNELS

1777
01:04:14,262 --> 01:04:15,930
RESPONSIBLE FOR PAIN AND

1778
01:04:15,930 --> 01:04:17,732
PROPRIMATES O ACCEPTION, SHE

1779
01:04:17,732 --> 01:04:20,501
RECEIVED HER Ph.D. IN UVA, AND

1780
01:04:20,501 --> 01:04:23,404
IS ITED SENSITIVE CHANNELS IN

1781
01:04:23,404 --> 01:04:24,839
E.COLI, SHE COMPLETED POST

1782
01:04:24,839 --> 01:04:26,007
DOCTORAL TRAINING AT STANFORD

1783
01:04:26,007 --> 01:04:29,977
UNIVERSITY WHERE SHE STUDIED HOW

1784
01:04:29,977 --> 01:04:31,512
PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR

1785
01:04:31,512 --> 01:04:32,780
NORMAL TOUCH SENSATION, WE ARE

1786
01:04:32,780 --> 01:04:35,449
EXTREMELY PLEASED TO HAVE

1787
01:04:35,449 --> 01:04:38,553
DR. VASQUEZ PRESENT TODAY ON

1788
01:04:38,553 --> 01:04:41,556
FINE TUNING MECHANO SENSITIVE

1789
01:04:41,556 --> 01:04:42,390
ION CHANNELS EMPLOY.

1790
01:04:42,390 --> 01:04:47,128
FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO

1791
01:04:47,128 --> 01:04:48,196
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH.

1792
01:04:48,196 --> 01:04:48,963
>> GOOD MORNING EVERYONE
EMPLOY

1793
01:04:48,963 --> 01:04:51,632
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THIS

1794
01:04:51,632 --> 01:04:53,100
OPPORTUNITY, IT'S VERY

1795
01:04:53,100 --> 01:04:53,935
REMARKABLE WHAT YOU GUYS HAVE

1796
01:04:53,935 --> 01:04:55,369
BEEN DOING FOR THE LAST COUPLE

1797
01:04:55,369 --> 01:04:57,071
OF YEARS AND I AM VERY HONORED

1798
01:04:57,071 --> 01:05:01,542
TO BE INVITED TO THIS PART OF

1799
01:05:01,542 --> 01:05:03,744
YOUR MEETING ESPECIALLY BECAUSE

1800
01:05:03,744 --> 01:05:06,848
I'M CONSIDER A BASIC SCIENTIST

1801
01:05:06,848 --> 01:05:08,482
AND ALSO I WANT TO TELL YOU THAT

1802
01:05:08,482 --> 01:05:11,886
I DIDN'T RECEIVE THE MEMO ABOUT

1803
01:05:11,886 --> 01:05:16,324
THE TERMINOLOGY, SO PARDON MY

1804
01:05:16,324 --> 01:05:19,861
LACK OF PRIOR TERMINOLOGY.

1805
01:05:19,861 --> 01:05:24,632
SO AS THE TITLE SAYS STUDYING

1806
01:05:24,632 --> 01:05:26,534
ION CHANNELS BY FATTY ACIDS,

1807
01:05:26,534 --> 01:05:28,302
FATTY ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING

1808
01:05:28,302 --> 01:05:30,538
BLOCKS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE,

1809
01:05:30,538 --> 01:05:34,508
SO BEAR WITH ME, OH THIS IS NOT

1810
01:05:34,508 --> 01:05:35,243
WORKING.

1811
01:05:35,243 --> 01:05:35,576
OKAY.

1812
01:05:35,576 --> 01:05:42,683
THIS IS NOT WORKING EITHER,

1813
01:05:42,683 --> 01:05:42,884
OKAY.

1814
01:05:42,884 --> 01:05:44,518
IS IT?

1815
01:05:44,518 --> 01:05:46,220
OH, PERFECT.

1816
01:05:46,220 --> 01:05:47,588
OKAY.

1817
01:05:47,588 --> 01:05:48,189
GREAT.

1818
01:05:48,189 --> 01:05:51,692
SO WE'RE CURRENTLY WORKING WITH

1819
01:05:51,692 --> 01:05:55,529
NONSELECTIVE CAT ION CHANNELS

1820
01:05:55,529 --> 01:06:00,434
LIKE PIEZ1 AND PIEZ 2, THAT

1821
01:06:00,434 --> 01:06:02,103
ALLOW THE CALCIUM INSIDE

1822
01:06:02,103 --> 01:06:04,372
NONEXCITABLE CELLS AS WELL, WE

1823
01:06:04,372 --> 01:06:06,807
ALSO WORK WITH MECHANO SENSITIVE

1824
01:06:06,807 --> 01:06:09,644
ION CHANNELS FROM BACTERIA IN

1825
01:06:09,644 --> 01:06:11,445
WHICH WE TRY TO TEST HYPOTHESIS

1826
01:06:11,445 --> 01:06:13,414
THAT ARE RELATED TO THE MEMBRANE

1827
01:06:13,414 --> 01:06:16,083
AND WE ALSO WORK WITH MECHANO

1828
01:06:16,083 --> 01:06:19,086
SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS IN

1829
01:06:19,086 --> 01:06:19,353
C.ELEGANS.

1830
01:06:19,353 --> 01:06:20,388
AND ULTIMATELY NOW OR LATELY WE

1831
01:06:20,388 --> 01:06:22,924
HAVE BEEN TRYING TO DO MORE

1832
01:06:22,924 --> 01:06:24,992
TRANSLATIONAL WORK, TRYING TO

1833
01:06:24,992 --> 01:06:30,097
IDENTIFY HOW WE CAN IMPROVE OR

1834
01:06:30,097 --> 01:06:35,036
AMELIORATE PAIN OR PIEZ02

1835
01:06:35,036 --> 01:06:35,303
DISORDERS.

1836
01:06:35,303 --> 01:06:37,238
SO MY TALK WILL CONSIST OF 4

1837
01:06:37,238 --> 01:06:41,142
PARTS I WILL TALK ABOUT MECHANO

1838
01:06:41,142 --> 01:06:44,578
SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS IN WARM,

1839
01:06:44,578 --> 01:06:46,981
AND INTRODUCING YOU TO THE

1840
01:06:46,981 --> 01:06:47,181
TOPIC.

1841
01:06:47,181 --> 01:06:50,484
HOW MEMBRANE COMCISION CAN BE

1842
01:06:50,484 --> 01:06:52,586
MODULATED TO MECHAN COPROPERTIES

1843
01:06:52,586 --> 01:06:55,056
AND IN TURN MORE MECHANO

1844
01:06:55,056 --> 01:06:55,890
SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS, DESCRIBE

1845
01:06:55,890 --> 01:06:59,126
HOW WE FOUND A TOOL KIT OF FATTY

1846
01:06:59,126 --> 01:07:02,797
ASITS TO MODULATE FUNCTION OF

1847
01:07:02,797 --> 01:07:04,565
PIEZO1 FUNCTION AND PIEZO

1848
01:07:04,565 --> 01:07:05,633
FUNCTION, AND A COUPLE EMPLOY

1849
01:07:05,633 --> 01:07:08,669
ANDS OF HOW WE ARE USING FATTY

1850
01:07:08,669 --> 01:07:14,942
ACIDS TO AMELIORATE PIEZ02

1851
01:07:14,942 --> 01:07:15,343
RELATED DISORDERS.

1852
01:07:15,343 --> 01:07:17,645
SO I FORGOT, THIS IS NEW, I HAVE

1853
01:07:17,645 --> 01:07:19,714
TO DISCLOSE I HAVE A CONFLICT OF

1854
01:07:19,714 --> 01:07:20,815
INTEREST BECAUSE MY LAB HAS

1855
01:07:20,815 --> 01:07:22,583
FILED FOR A PATENT A COUPLE

1856
01:07:22,583 --> 01:07:29,223
YEARS AGO RELATED TO THE USE OF

1857
01:07:29,223 --> 01:07:31,125
[INDISCERNIBLE] TO AMELIORATE

1858
01:07:31,125 --> 01:07:31,392
PAIN.

1859
01:07:31,392 --> 01:07:33,828
SO MECHANO SENSATION IS VERY OLD

1860
01:07:33,828 --> 01:07:35,696
IN THE EVOLUTIONARY SENSE.

1861
01:07:35,696 --> 01:07:37,498
WHEN YOU--IF YOU IMAGINE HAVING

1862
01:07:37,498 --> 01:07:40,468
A MEMBRANE VESICLE AND THERE IS

1863
01:07:40,468 --> 01:07:42,636
A CHANGE OF [INDISCERNIBLE], IF

1864
01:07:42,636 --> 01:07:44,605
YOU ONLY HAVE THAT MEMBRANE, THE

1865
01:07:44,605 --> 01:07:46,407
MEMBRANE WILL BURST WHEN THERE

1866
01:07:46,407 --> 01:07:47,441
IS A CHANGE IN [INDISCERNIBLE].

1867
01:07:47,441 --> 01:07:49,944
BUT IF YOU HAVE A MECHANO

1868
01:07:49,944 --> 01:07:51,445
SENSITIVE ION CHANNEL SITTING AT

1869
01:07:51,445 --> 01:07:56,117
THAT MEMBRANE, YOU HAVE THE

1870
01:07:56,117 --> 01:07:59,320
OPPORTUNITY OF HAVING

1871
01:07:59,320 --> 01:08:00,488
THAT--AVOIDING RUPTURE OF THE

1872
01:08:00,488 --> 01:08:01,455
MEMBRANE BECAUSE THE ION CHANNEL

1873
01:08:01,455 --> 01:08:03,958
COULD OPEN EMPLOY SO I WAS VERY

1874
01:08:03,958 --> 01:08:06,160
LUCKY BECAUSE FOR MY GRADUATE

1875
01:08:06,160 --> 01:08:07,828
STUDIES, I STUDIED 1 OF THOSE

1876
01:08:07,828 --> 01:08:11,032
CHANNELS THAT SEE IN THEINER

1877
01:08:11,032 --> 01:08:13,367
MEMBRANE OF [INDISCERNIBLE] A

1878
01:08:13,367 --> 01:08:15,169
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN

1879
01:08:15,169 --> 01:08:17,038
RESTING CONDITIONS, THIS ION

1880
01:08:17,038 --> 01:08:21,042
CHANNEL IS CLOSED BUT THERE IS A

1881
01:08:21,042 --> 01:08:22,309
SUDDEN CHANGE IN

1882
01:08:22,309 --> 01:08:23,677
[INDISCERNIBLE], THEN THE

1883
01:08:23,677 --> 01:08:26,180
MEMBRANE OF THIS E.COLI WILL

1884
01:08:26,180 --> 01:08:27,348
SENSE THE PRESSURE AND IT'S

1885
01:08:27,348 --> 01:08:29,683
GOING TO BECOME THINNER, THE

1886
01:08:29,683 --> 01:08:31,652
INNER MEMBRANE AND THE

1887
01:08:31,652 --> 01:08:33,154
[INDISCERNIBLE] WILL EVOKE A

1888
01:08:33,154 --> 01:08:35,723
CONFIRMATIONAL CHANGE IN THE

1889
01:08:35,723 --> 01:08:36,891
MECHANO SENSITIVE ION CHANNEL.

1890
01:08:36,891 --> 01:08:39,326
BY DOING THIS, THIS ION CHANNEL

1891
01:08:39,326 --> 01:08:42,096
CAN CONDUCT ION CHANNEL--SORRY

1892
01:08:42,096 --> 01:08:45,766
IONS AND SOLIDS AND IS GOING TO

1893
01:08:45,766 --> 01:08:47,134
CALIBRATE THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

1894
01:08:47,134 --> 01:08:51,505
AND THIS WILL ALLOW THE BACTERIA

1895
01:08:51,505 --> 01:08:52,773
TO SURVIVE.

1896
01:08:52,773 --> 01:08:56,710
SO THIS PRESENTATION NOT ONLY

1897
01:08:56,710 --> 01:08:57,845
FOLLOWS THE FAKE DENDRITIC CELL

1898
01:08:57,845 --> 01:08:59,613
ROW GRAM BUT ALSO FOLLOWS MY

1899
01:08:59,613 --> 01:09:01,348
CAREER MORE OR LESS BECAUSE THEN

1900
01:09:01,348 --> 01:09:04,652
FOR MY POST DOCTORAL OF--BEFORE

1901
01:09:04,652 --> 01:09:07,955
MOVING TO MY POST DOCTORAL

1902
01:09:07,955 --> 01:09:10,191
RESEARCH PROJECT I WAS--REALIZED

1903
01:09:10,191 --> 01:09:12,026
THAT BY STUDYING MECHANO

1904
01:09:12,026 --> 01:09:13,127
SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS IN

1905
01:09:13,127 --> 01:09:16,597
BACTERIA, WHEN YOU DO

1906
01:09:16,597 --> 01:09:16,964
[INDISCERNIBLE]

1907
01:09:16,964 --> 01:09:17,565
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS

1908
01:09:17,565 --> 01:09:19,700
CAN YOU OPEN THESE CHANYS BY

1909
01:09:19,700 --> 01:09:21,302
APPLYING NEG5 PRESSURE TO THE

1910
01:09:21,302 --> 01:09:22,002
PATCH PIPETTE.

1911
01:09:22,002 --> 01:09:23,971
BY DOING THIS, YOU GO FROM THE

1912
01:09:23,971 --> 01:09:26,340
CLOSE CONFIRMATION TO THE OPEN

1913
01:09:26,340 --> 01:09:27,908
CONFIRMATION AND THEN THE

1914
01:09:27,908 --> 01:09:28,843
CHANNEL ENACT VAIOF THES.

1915
01:09:28,843 --> 01:09:33,013
BUT IF YOU HAVE THESE

1916
01:09:33,013 --> 01:09:34,115
ACCOUNTERIAL MECHANO SENSITIVE

1917
01:09:34,115 --> 01:09:35,616
ION CHANNEL IN THE PIPETTE YOU

1918
01:09:35,616 --> 01:09:36,684
SHOULD THE SAME CONFIGURURATION

1919
01:09:36,684 --> 01:09:39,487
BUT INSTEAD OF APPLYING NEG5

1920
01:09:39,487 --> 01:09:42,656
PRESSURE, NOW YOU ADD A

1921
01:09:42,656 --> 01:09:45,860
DETERGENT LIKE MOLECULE LIKE

1922
01:09:45,860 --> 01:09:48,129
E.COLI, THESE DETERGENT MOLECULE

1923
01:09:48,129 --> 01:09:49,430
WILL INSERT INTO THE MEMBRANE

1924
01:09:49,430 --> 01:09:51,198
AND WILL CHANGE THE MECHANO

1925
01:09:51,198 --> 01:09:53,267
PROPERTIES AND INSTEAD OF

1926
01:09:53,267 --> 01:09:54,268
WALKING INACTIVATION, NOW THE

1927
01:09:54,268 --> 01:09:56,403
CHANNELS BECOME MORE AND MORE

1928
01:09:56,403 --> 01:09:58,639
OPEN UNTIL THE SEAL BREAKS.

1929
01:09:58,639 --> 01:10:01,609
INDICATING THAT THE SAME CHANNEL

1930
01:10:01,609 --> 01:10:02,810
CAN SENSE DIFFERENT

1931
01:10:02,810 --> 01:10:07,982
PERTURBATIONS DONE TO THE

1932
01:10:07,982 --> 01:10:08,582
MEMBRANE.

1933
01:10:08,582 --> 01:10:09,950
SO I HAD IN IDEA THEN THAT I

1934
01:10:09,950 --> 01:10:12,186
WANT TO TEST ALL THE MECHANO

1935
01:10:12,186 --> 01:10:15,523
SENSITIVE ICON CHANNELS IN MORE

1936
01:10:15,523 --> 01:10:17,191
COMPLEX ORGANISMS LIKE SIMILAR

1937
01:10:17,191 --> 01:10:18,492
TO C.ELEGANNINGS, SO FOR THAT I

1938
01:10:18,492 --> 01:10:20,327
JOINED THE LAB OF

1939
01:10:20,327 --> 01:10:21,996
[INDISCERNIBLE] AS ALEX SAID AND

1940
01:10:21,996 --> 01:10:25,065
I USED ALL THE MEMBRANE--I

1941
01:10:25,065 --> 01:10:27,401
STUDIED HOW THE MEMBRANE

1942
01:10:27,401 --> 01:10:29,036
MODULATES THE MECHANO SENSITIVE

1943
01:10:29,036 --> 01:10:32,072
ION CHANYS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE

1944
01:10:32,072 --> 01:10:33,374
FOR TOUCH SENSATION IN WORMS.

1945
01:10:33,374 --> 01:10:37,144
LET ME JUST SHOW YOU AGAIN.

1946
01:10:37,144 --> 01:10:39,380
SO UNLIKE WHAT WE DO,--I CANNOT

1947
01:10:39,380 --> 01:10:49,857
RUN THIS VIDEO AGAIN, SORRY.

1948
01:10:52,793 --> 01:10:53,794
SO PAY ATTENTION BECAUSE IT'S

1949
01:10:53,794 --> 01:10:56,630
GOING TO BE VERY FAST.

1950
01:10:56,630 --> 01:10:57,665
NO, NOT TODAY.

1951
01:10:57,665 --> 01:10:59,166
IN ANY CASE.

1952
01:10:59,166 --> 01:11:01,936
WELL, SO IN C.ELEGANS TO EVOKE

1953
01:11:01,936 --> 01:11:03,604
RESPONSES FROM THESE ANIMALS WE

1954
01:11:03,604 --> 01:11:06,240
USED OUR EYE LASHES ANY IF YOU

1955
01:11:06,240 --> 01:11:09,009
TOUCH THE HEAD OR TAIL OF THE

1956
01:11:09,009 --> 01:11:09,944
ANIMAL, THE ANIMAL WILL

1957
01:11:09,944 --> 01:11:12,279
CERTAINLY--CERTAINLY VOAK AN

1958
01:11:12,279 --> 01:11:12,846
AVOIDANCE RESPONSE.

1959
01:11:12,846 --> 01:11:15,282
THESE AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE

1960
01:11:15,282 --> 01:11:16,684
MANAGENITUDE OF THE NUMBERS IS

1961
01:11:16,684 --> 01:11:18,752
VERY SMALL, SO THE SENSITIVITY

1962
01:11:18,752 --> 01:11:20,554
OF THE ANIMAL SYSTEM QUITE HIGH

1963
01:11:20,554 --> 01:11:21,956
IN COMPARISON TO MAMMALS AND

1964
01:11:21,956 --> 01:11:22,189
HUMANS.

1965
01:11:22,189 --> 01:11:24,391
SO WHEN I YOINED MIRIAM'S LAB,

1966
01:11:24,391 --> 01:11:28,095
BACK IN THE DAY, THE MECHANO

1967
01:11:28,095 --> 01:11:29,496
RECEPTOR GENES THAT WERE

1968
01:11:29,496 --> 01:11:31,098
RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE DEHAD A

1969
01:11:31,098 --> 01:11:32,333
FEWIAL RESPONSE WERE ALREADY

1970
01:11:32,333 --> 01:11:33,567
RECOGNIZED AND I'M JUST

1971
01:11:33,567 --> 01:11:36,770
HIGHLIGHTING HERE A FEW THAT ARE

1972
01:11:36,770 --> 01:11:38,572
MEMBRANE PROTEINS PART OF

1973
01:11:38,572 --> 01:11:39,940
MECHANO RECEPTOR CHANNEL COMPLEX

1974
01:11:39,940 --> 01:11:43,310
THAT ALLOWS AFTER A MECHANICAL

1975
01:11:43,310 --> 01:11:44,912
STIMULATION, THESE CAT IONS WILL

1976
01:11:44,912 --> 01:11:47,047
FLOW IN THE NEURONS AND WILL

1977
01:11:47,047 --> 01:11:48,849
EVOKE THIS DEHAD A FEWIAL

1978
01:11:48,849 --> 01:11:50,851
PRESPONSE QUANTIFIED HERE IN THE

1979
01:11:50,851 --> 01:11:53,153
[INDISCERNIBLE] PLOT.

1980
01:11:53,153 --> 01:11:54,722
ANIMALS LACKING THE POOR UNIT

1981
01:11:54,722 --> 01:11:57,925
HAVE A DRASTIC DEFICIENCY IN

1982
01:11:57,925 --> 01:11:58,459
TOUCH RESPONSE.

1983
01:11:58,459 --> 01:12:01,262
SO WHAT I DID WHEN I YOINED THE

1984
01:12:01,262 --> 01:12:03,497
LAB, WAS PLAY WITH MUTANTS THAT

1985
01:12:03,497 --> 01:12:05,132
WERE LACKING THE [INDISCERNIBLE]

1986
01:12:05,132 --> 01:12:07,167
FATTY ACIDS BECAUSE OF MY

1987
01:12:07,167 --> 01:12:09,270
BACKGROUND IN BIOPHYSICS I KNEW

1988
01:12:09,270 --> 01:12:11,038
THAT POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

1989
01:12:11,038 --> 01:12:12,673
WILL HAVE THE PROPERTIES FOR THE

1990
01:12:12,673 --> 01:12:14,308
PLASMA MEMBRANE AND WHAT I FOUND

1991
01:12:14,308 --> 01:12:17,044
WITH MIRAKA WRAM IS THAT ANIMALS

1992
01:12:17,044 --> 01:12:19,813
THAT LACK [INDISCERNIBLE] THEY

1993
01:12:19,813 --> 01:12:22,383
BECOME DEFICIENT IN DOSE

1994
01:12:22,383 --> 01:12:24,318
RESPONSE, [INDISCERNIBLE] IN THE

1995
01:12:24,318 --> 01:12:25,986
ION CHANNEL WITH DRAMATIC IN

1996
01:12:25,986 --> 01:12:29,623
COMPARISON TO THE WILD-TYPE.

1997
01:12:29,623 --> 01:12:30,924
THEN WE DECIDED TO FIND OUT THE

1998
01:12:30,924 --> 01:12:33,427
MECHANISM FOR THESE AND WE

1999
01:12:33,427 --> 01:12:34,928
MEASURE THE MECHANICAL

2000
01:12:34,928 --> 01:12:37,364
PROPERTIES OF THE TOUCH RESEARCH

2001
01:12:37,364 --> 01:12:39,133
IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANES BY USING

2002
01:12:39,133 --> 01:12:41,068
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AND WE

2003
01:12:41,068 --> 01:12:49,910
DETERMINED THAT THOSE NEURONS

2004
01:12:49,910 --> 01:12:52,079
THAT LACK ARCHIINDONIC SPARKS

2005
01:12:52,079 --> 01:12:54,882
ACID ARE MORE WITH THE FATTY

2006
01:12:54,882 --> 01:12:55,382
ACID TOOLS.

2007
01:12:55,382 --> 01:12:57,551
SO I'M SUMMARIZING HERE THAT TO

2008
01:12:57,551 --> 01:12:58,619
HAVE PROPER TOUCH SENSITIVITY,

2009
01:12:58,619 --> 01:13:06,093
YOU HAVE TO HAVE A BALANCE OF

2010
01:13:06,093 --> 01:13:08,329
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN

2011
01:13:08,329 --> 01:13:09,930
C-ELEGANS, I HOPE YOU CAN

2012
01:13:09,930 --> 01:13:11,198
APPRECIATE BY THIS SHORT

2013
01:13:11,198 --> 01:13:12,733
INTRODUCTION THAT THE SENSITIVE

2014
01:13:12,733 --> 01:13:13,934
ION CHANNELS I HAVE BEEN TALKING

2015
01:13:13,934 --> 01:13:15,636
ABOUT, THE 1 IN BACTERIA AND THE

2016
01:13:15,636 --> 01:13:17,404
1 IN C.ELEGANS ARE VERY

2017
01:13:17,404 --> 01:13:18,172
DIFFERENT.

2018
01:13:18,172 --> 01:13:18,472
OKAY?

2019
01:13:18,472 --> 01:13:20,407
SO THIS IS A VERY PECULIAR

2020
01:13:20,407 --> 01:13:21,942
FAMILY OF ION CHANNELS BECAUSE

2021
01:13:21,942 --> 01:13:24,678
THEY DON'T SHARE SEQUENCE, THEY

2022
01:13:24,678 --> 01:13:26,814
DON'T SHARE TOPOLOGY, THEY DON'T

2023
01:13:26,814 --> 01:13:28,282
SHARE ORGANIZATION.

2024
01:13:28,282 --> 01:13:29,917
I'M ONLY SHOWING 4 EXAMPLES HERE

2025
01:13:29,917 --> 01:13:34,688
OF 4 DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE

2026
01:13:34,688 --> 01:13:35,122
FAMILY.

2027
01:13:35,122 --> 01:13:42,996
SO THEY WANT IN BACTERIA FOR

2028
01:13:42,996 --> 01:13:45,299
EXAMPLE, [INDISCERNIBLE], THEY

2029
01:13:45,299 --> 01:13:46,367
ASSEMBLE A PENTAMEROR A

2030
01:13:46,367 --> 01:13:47,368
HETEROGENEOUSA MER, THEY WANT TO

2031
01:13:47,368 --> 01:13:49,536
SEE PLANS FOR EXAMPLE, THEY

2032
01:13:49,536 --> 01:13:53,574
ASSEMBLE AS DIMERS AND THE

2033
01:13:53,574 --> 01:13:55,743
PIEZO1 OR 2 ARE DIMERS AND THEY

2034
01:13:55,743 --> 01:13:57,378
HAVE 38 TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENTS.

2035
01:13:57,378 --> 01:13:58,512
SO YOU CAN IMAGINE STUDYING

2036
01:13:58,512 --> 01:14:00,013
THESE CHANNELS FROM THE

2037
01:14:00,013 --> 01:14:01,715
BIOPHYSICAL POINT OF VIEW IS A

2038
01:14:01,715 --> 01:14:02,983
NIGHTMARE BECAUSE THEY DON'T

2039
01:14:02,983 --> 01:14:04,251
HAVE ANYTHING IN COMMON, MORE

2040
01:14:04,251 --> 01:14:07,855
THAN THEIR ABILITY TO SENSE

2041
01:14:07,855 --> 01:14:09,022
MEMBRANE TENSION.

2042
01:14:09,022 --> 01:14:11,358
SO IF YOU AS I SHOW IN THE

2043
01:14:11,358 --> 01:14:15,763
EXPERIMENT, A FEW SLIDES,

2044
01:14:15,763 --> 01:14:17,264
MODULATE OR INCREASE THE LATERAL

2045
01:14:17,264 --> 01:14:19,833
TENSION OF THESE MEMBRANES WHERE

2046
01:14:19,833 --> 01:14:21,735
THESE MECHANO SENSITIVE ION

2047
01:14:21,735 --> 01:14:23,237
CHANNELS SIT, YOU INCREASE THE

2048
01:14:23,237 --> 01:14:24,638
OPEN PROBABILITY AND NOW HAVE

2049
01:14:24,638 --> 01:14:26,407
YOU MORE CURRENT PATTERN TO THE

2050
01:14:26,407 --> 01:14:30,144
[INDISCERNIBLE] OF THESE

2051
01:14:30,144 --> 01:14:30,411
CHANNELS.

2052
01:14:30,411 --> 01:14:32,079
SO IF YOU HAVE A BIOLOGICAL

2053
01:14:32,079 --> 01:14:34,148
MEMBRANE THAT IS DESCRIBED BY

2054
01:14:34,148 --> 01:14:37,651
THIS PRESSURE PROFILE, YOU HAVE

2055
01:14:37,651 --> 01:14:39,753
DIFFERENT LIPID COMPONENTS LIKE

2056
01:14:39,753 --> 01:14:41,488
FATTY ACIDS, HEAD GROUPS,

2057
01:14:41,488 --> 01:14:44,892
CHOLESTEROL THAT RISE TO THESE

2058
01:14:44,892 --> 01:14:45,526
CARTOONISH EXPRESSION PROFILE

2059
01:14:45,526 --> 01:14:48,896
THAT GIVES THE CHANNELS OR THESE

2060
01:14:48,896 --> 01:14:50,731
MECHANO SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS

2061
01:14:50,731 --> 01:14:51,465
IN THE CLOSEST STATE.

2062
01:14:51,465 --> 01:14:54,568
SO CAN YOU IMAGINE THAT ANY

2063
01:14:54,568 --> 01:14:56,103
PERTURBATION OF THE MOTION OF

2064
01:14:56,103 --> 01:14:58,739
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE CAN INVOKE

2065
01:14:58,739 --> 01:15:01,508
CHANGES IN THE OPEN PROBABILITY

2066
01:15:01,508 --> 01:15:03,944
OF THESE MECHANO SENSITIVE ION

2067
01:15:03,944 --> 01:15:04,678
CHANNELS INCLUDING MODULATION AS

2068
01:15:04,678 --> 01:15:08,549
WE CAN IMAGINE WITH TOUCH, AND

2069
01:15:08,549 --> 01:15:09,516
INTORPERATION WITH

2070
01:15:09,516 --> 01:15:11,752
[INDISCERNIBLE] MOLECULES, ET

2071
01:15:11,752 --> 01:15:12,152
CETERA.

2072
01:15:12,152 --> 01:15:14,321
SO JUST LIKE IN WORMS, WE HUMAN

2073
01:15:14,321 --> 01:15:15,956
ANDS MAMMALS WE NEED TO EAT

2074
01:15:15,956 --> 01:15:18,725
FATTY ACID SO WE ARE WHAT WE EAT

2075
01:15:18,725 --> 01:15:20,360
AND WE INCORPORATE THIS AND

2076
01:15:20,360 --> 01:15:24,665
CLEAR MAZ MA IN NOT ONLY PLASMA

2077
01:15:24,665 --> 01:15:27,568
MEMBRANES BUT CELL MEMBRANES BY

2078
01:15:27,568 --> 01:15:29,670
USING THE [INDISCERNIBLE] CYCLE

2079
01:15:29,670 --> 01:15:31,071
WHICH HAD SPREAD MANY YEARS AGO.

2080
01:15:31,071 --> 01:15:33,073
SO CAN YOU APPRECIATE HERE THAT

2081
01:15:33,073 --> 01:15:36,276
FATTY ACIDS ARE A POWERFUL

2082
01:15:36,276 --> 01:15:37,411
[INDISCERNIBLE] CHAINS COMPARED

2083
01:15:37,411 --> 01:15:40,681
WITH A GROUP WHEN THEY ARE

2084
01:15:40,681 --> 01:15:41,715
TERRIFIED THEY JOIN THE LINEUP

2085
01:15:41,715 --> 01:15:42,816
EDUCATIONALS AND THEY BOTTOM

2086
01:15:42,816 --> 01:15:44,985
PART OF PLASMA MEMBRANE.

2087
01:15:44,985 --> 01:15:47,855
SO, YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT IF WE

2088
01:15:47,855 --> 01:15:50,757
MODIFY THE MEMBRANE COMCISION,

2089
01:15:50,757 --> 01:15:55,329
WE CAN MODEL LATE THE SENSITIVE

2090
01:15:55,329 --> 01:15:57,097
ION CHANNELS IN CHARGE.

2091
01:15:57,097 --> 01:15:59,933
SO WHEN I STARTED MY LAB, I

2092
01:15:59,933 --> 01:16:02,936
DECIDED TO STUDY A MAMMALIAN

2093
01:16:02,936 --> 01:16:04,905
SPECIFIC ION CHANNEL,

2094
01:16:04,905 --> 01:16:05,772
APPROXIMATE SPECIFICALLY PIEZO 1

2095
01:16:05,772 --> 01:16:06,507
AND 2.

2096
01:16:06,507 --> 01:16:10,377
THESE CHANNELS ARE IMPORTANT FOR

2097
01:16:10,377 --> 01:16:14,381
SENSING MOLARITY, VOLUME, TOUCH,

2098
01:16:14,381 --> 01:16:16,383
PROPRIMATES O ACCEPTION AND

2099
01:16:16,383 --> 01:16:16,950
CHALLENGE.

2100
01:16:16,950 --> 01:16:18,352
I PUT CHOSE THIS PICTURE HERE

2101
01:16:18,352 --> 01:16:19,353
BECAUSE IT DESCRIBES VERY WELL

2102
01:16:19,353 --> 01:16:23,323
WHAT WE STUDY WHICH IS A SENSE

2103
01:16:23,323 --> 01:16:25,526
OF TOUCH AND ALSO PROPRIMATES O

2104
01:16:25,526 --> 01:16:28,262
ACCEPTION OF COURSE YOU ALLOW US

2105
01:16:28,262 --> 01:16:30,931
TO SENSE WHERE OUR LIMBS ARE @

2106
01:16:30,931 --> 01:16:31,231
ANY TIME.

2107
01:16:31,231 --> 01:16:34,334
SO IN THE LAB, TO MODULATE

2108
01:16:34,334 --> 01:16:37,070
MEMBRANE COMCISION WHAT WE DO IS

2109
01:16:37,070 --> 01:16:39,940
EITHER DISSECT OR TAKE PRIMARY

2110
01:16:39,940 --> 01:16:42,175
CELLS IN THIS CARTOON, PRIMARY

2111
01:16:42,175 --> 01:16:45,712
NEURONS FROM MICE OR WE TAKE

2112
01:16:45,712 --> 01:16:47,047
PRIMARY NEUROONS FROM THE

2113
01:16:47,047 --> 01:16:50,350
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM THE

2114
01:16:50,350 --> 01:16:51,718
ARTERIES AND WE INCUBATE

2115
01:16:51,718 --> 01:16:53,654
OVERNIGHT WITH PARTICULAR FATTY

2116
01:16:53,654 --> 01:16:55,522
ACID TO ENRICH THAT FATTY ACID

2117
01:16:55,522 --> 01:16:57,758
IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE.

2118
01:16:57,758 --> 01:17:00,260
WE ALSO HAVE OPTIMIZED AN

2119
01:17:00,260 --> 01:17:01,495
APPROACH IN WHICH WE FEED

2120
01:17:01,495 --> 01:17:07,301
ANIMALS WITH A FATTY ACID

2121
01:17:07,301 --> 01:17:09,036
ENRICHED DIET FOR--LET'S SAY FOR

2122
01:17:09,036 --> 01:17:11,572
5-8 WEEK ANDS WE DISSECTED

2123
01:17:11,572 --> 01:17:13,674
NEURONS AND MADE SURE HOW THESE

2124
01:17:13,674 --> 01:17:14,875
CHANNELS BEHAVIOR AND LITELY

2125
01:17:14,875 --> 01:17:15,909
WE'VE BEEN DOING SOMETHING MORE

2126
01:17:15,909 --> 01:17:17,110
REEL KEEPSAKES VAPT TO YOU

2127
01:17:17,110 --> 01:17:19,313
PERHAPS THAT IS USED IN THIS

2128
01:17:19,313 --> 01:17:22,416
AREA OF FATTY ACIDS TO ENRICH

2129
01:17:22,416 --> 01:17:26,853
LOTIONS AND TESTED IN MICE TO A

2130
01:17:26,853 --> 01:17:34,061
CHANGE THEIR RESPONSES TO

2131
01:17:34,061 --> 01:17:34,761
MECHANICAL INDENTATION.

2132
01:17:34,761 --> 01:17:35,929
SO MOST OF THE SLIDES I WILL

2133
01:17:35,929 --> 01:17:37,264
SHOW YOU NOW HAVE THIS PROTOCOL

2134
01:17:37,264 --> 01:17:38,031
IN THE RESULT.

2135
01:17:38,031 --> 01:17:41,268
SO WHAT WE REGULARLY DO IS USE

2136
01:17:41,268 --> 01:17:42,669
AN ATTACHED PIPETTE AND WE DO

2137
01:17:42,669 --> 01:17:44,404
PHYSIOLOGY IN THE WHOLE CELL

2138
01:17:44,404 --> 01:17:45,772
[INDISCERNIBLE] AT THE TOP.

2139
01:17:45,772 --> 01:17:52,446
WE HAVE A MECHANICAL PROBE TO

2140
01:17:52,446 --> 01:17:53,647
LOOK AT MICROMETERS AND BY DOING

2141
01:17:53,647 --> 01:17:56,316
THIS WE CAN AT LEAST SEE ION

2142
01:17:56,316 --> 01:17:59,219
CHANNEL CURRENTS BUT AS YOU CAN

2143
01:17:59,219 --> 01:18:00,387
SEE PIEZO1 AND 2 HAVE MORE OR

2144
01:18:00,387 --> 01:18:01,722
LESS THE SAME PROFILE, THEY

2145
01:18:01,722 --> 01:18:03,590
CLOSE AND THEY OPEN AND THEY

2146
01:18:03,590 --> 01:18:03,890
ENACTIVATE.

2147
01:18:03,890 --> 01:18:06,793
EVERY TIME THEY OPEN, THEY PASS

2148
01:18:06,793 --> 01:18:08,228
CAT ION CHANNELS AND IF THEY'RE

2149
01:18:08,228 --> 01:18:10,163
EXPRESSED IN NEURONS, THIS IS

2150
01:18:10,163 --> 01:18:12,899
GOING TO EXCITE THE NEURONS AND

2151
01:18:12,899 --> 01:18:15,168
IT WILL ACTION POTENTIALS.

2152
01:18:15,168 --> 01:18:17,204
SO THE FIRST PART OF WHAT WE DID

2153
01:18:17,204 --> 01:18:20,440
IN MY LAB A FEW YEARS AGO WAS TO

2154
01:18:20,440 --> 01:18:23,343
THE USE TO ENJOY CELLS, THE

2155
01:18:23,343 --> 01:18:24,177
NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LINE, WHERE

2156
01:18:24,177 --> 01:18:26,546
IT WAS DISCOVERED BY THE

2157
01:18:26,546 --> 01:18:27,614
LABORATORY FOR THE

2158
01:18:27,614 --> 01:18:27,981
[INDISCERNIBLE].

2159
01:18:27,981 --> 01:18:30,584
THE REASON WHY WE USE THIS CELL

2160
01:18:30,584 --> 01:18:33,286
CULTURE, IS BECAUSE THE

2161
01:18:33,286 --> 01:18:34,655
ENDOGENOUS EXPRESS PIEZO 1, SO

2162
01:18:34,655 --> 01:18:36,690
IF WE WANT TO CHANGE THE FATTY

2163
01:18:36,690 --> 01:18:37,424
ACID COMPOSITION, WE DON'T HAVE

2164
01:18:37,424 --> 01:18:41,495
TO PUT A PLAY WITH THE TRANSIENT

2165
01:18:41,495 --> 01:18:45,732
EXPRESS A-CELLS.

2166
01:18:45,732 --> 01:18:47,334
SO, I TOOK--I SEARCH OR ACTUALLY

2167
01:18:47,334 --> 01:18:53,507
WE DETERMINED THE FATTY ACID OF

2168
01:18:53,507 --> 01:18:57,210
THE NEURO NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LID

2169
01:18:57,210 --> 01:18:58,845
THE REASON I DID THIS WAS

2170
01:18:58,845 --> 01:19:00,847
BECAUSE I WANTED TO SEE WHICH

2171
01:19:00,847 --> 01:19:03,016
ACIDS WERE OF LOW FATTY CONTENT

2172
01:19:03,016 --> 01:19:04,351
SO WE COULD ENRICH THEM.

2173
01:19:04,351 --> 01:19:05,852
HERE I'M SHOWING YOU A FEW.

2174
01:19:05,852 --> 01:19:08,021
I HOPE YOU NOTICE THEY ARE

2175
01:19:08,021 --> 01:19:08,855
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS BECAUSE

2176
01:19:08,855 --> 01:19:11,458
THEY DON'T HAVE [INDISCERNIBLE]

2177
01:19:11,458 --> 01:19:12,626
POINTS THAT'S WHAT THE

2178
01:19:12,626 --> 01:19:13,927
[INDISCERNIBLE] STANDS FOR AND

2179
01:19:13,927 --> 01:19:15,228
THE NUMBER FOLLOWING THE C16,

2180
01:19:15,228 --> 01:19:19,499
THOSE ARE THE NUMBERS OF

2181
01:19:19,499 --> 01:19:20,701
[INDISCERNIBLE] IN THE CHAIN.

2182
01:19:20,701 --> 01:19:23,336
AS YOU CAN SEE, I APPRECIATE

2183
01:19:23,336 --> 01:19:26,473
HERE THESE ARE VERY LOW, THE

2184
01:19:26,473 --> 01:19:27,908
SEPARATED FATTY ACIDS, I'M

2185
01:19:27,908 --> 01:19:33,246
HIGHLIGHTS HERE THAT IS CALLED

2186
01:19:33,246 --> 01:19:34,448
[INDISCERNIBLE] OR

2187
01:19:34,448 --> 01:19:35,182
[INDISCERNIBLE] ACID BECAUSE

2188
01:19:35,182 --> 01:19:36,550
MARGORIE [INDISCERNIBLE] WAS

2189
01:19:36,550 --> 01:19:39,553
USED TO MAKE MARGARINE BACK IN

2190
01:19:39,553 --> 01:19:41,154
THE 19th CENTURY SO I CHOSE

2191
01:19:41,154 --> 01:19:43,356
THIS 1 BECAUSE I ASSUME IF IT

2192
01:19:43,356 --> 01:19:45,192
DIDN'T KILL PEOPLE IN THE 19th

2193
01:19:45,192 --> 01:19:46,526
CENTURY THEN IT SHOULDN'T KILL

2194
01:19:46,526 --> 01:19:49,129
OUR CELLS IN THE PLATE.

2195
01:19:49,129 --> 01:19:53,500
SO WE ENRICH OUR CELL CULTURE,

2196
01:19:53,500 --> 01:19:56,770
INTO A CELL CULTURE WITH MAR

2197
01:19:56,770 --> 01:19:59,072
JORRINE ACID OVERNIGHT USING

2198
01:19:59,072 --> 01:19:59,973
CONITRATIONS, I ALSO FORGOT TO

2199
01:19:59,973 --> 01:20:02,309
MENTION THAT A GROUP, A COUPLE

2200
01:20:02,309 --> 01:20:05,846
OF YEARS BEFORE WE WORK WITH

2201
01:20:05,846 --> 01:20:06,880
THIS PHARMACOKINETICS ANDORRINE

2202
01:20:06,880 --> 01:20:10,951
ACID, THAT THE ENRICHED

2203
01:20:10,951 --> 01:20:13,153
MAJORRINE ACID WILL INCREASE

2204
01:20:13,153 --> 01:20:17,290
SYNDROMES IN DORPHINS AND DUCKS.

2205
01:20:17,290 --> 01:20:20,894
SO HERE ARE THE RESULTS IF WE

2206
01:20:20,894 --> 01:20:21,428
INCREASE PHARMACOKINETICS

2207
01:20:21,428 --> 01:20:24,030
ANDARRIC ACID OVERNIGHT IN THESE

2208
01:20:24,030 --> 01:20:26,333
CELLS WE INHIBIT PIEZO1 FUNCTION

2209
01:20:26,333 --> 01:20:27,801
AND THESE CAN BE SUMMARIZED

2210
01:20:27,801 --> 01:20:30,403
REALLY WELL HERE IN THE DOSE

2211
01:20:30,403 --> 01:20:33,106
RESPONSE PROFILE, THE MORE

2212
01:20:33,106 --> 01:20:35,208
MARGARIC ACID, THE LESS PIEZO 1

2213
01:20:35,208 --> 01:20:36,676
YOU HAVE IN THOSE CURRENTS.

2214
01:20:36,676 --> 01:20:38,378
AT THE TIME WE DIDN'T KNOW IF

2215
01:20:38,378 --> 01:20:41,715
THIS WAS DUE TO GENE EXPRESSION

2216
01:20:41,715 --> 01:20:44,918
OR TRAFFICKING, SO TO ANSWER

2217
01:20:44,918 --> 01:20:48,021
THAT, WE USE AGONIST OR

2218
01:20:48,021 --> 01:20:50,090
SENSITIZER OF PIEZO1 CALLED

2219
01:20:50,090 --> 01:20:53,627
UDAILY BASIS 1, AT LEAST IN THE

2220
01:20:53,627 --> 01:20:55,028
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND WHAT WE

2221
01:20:55,028 --> 01:20:56,730
DEMONSTRATED WITH THESE IS THAT

2222
01:20:56,730 --> 01:21:00,500
EVEN IN THE HIGH PRESENCE OF

2223
01:21:00,500 --> 01:21:02,936
MARGARIC ACID IN THOSE MEMBRANES

2224
01:21:02,936 --> 01:21:04,271
BY 1, WE COULD SEE ALL THE

2225
01:21:04,271 --> 01:21:06,773
CHANNELS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE,

2226
01:21:06,773 --> 01:21:08,208
INDICATING WE WERE INHIBITING

2227
01:21:08,208 --> 01:21:10,811
FUNCTION BUT NOT TRAFFICKING OUR

2228
01:21:10,811 --> 01:21:11,211
EXPRESSION.

2229
01:21:11,211 --> 01:21:13,980
I ALSO LIKE TO SHOW NEGATIVE

2230
01:21:13,980 --> 01:21:16,716
RESULTS SO NO FATTY ACIDS DO

2231
01:21:16,716 --> 01:21:19,953
SOMETHING, SO WE ALSO ENRICH

2232
01:21:19,953 --> 01:21:27,694
MEMBRANES WITH FATTY ACID CALL

2233
01:21:27,694 --> 01:21:28,728
PENTINE REGIMEN OMATIC CARBON,

2234
01:21:28,728 --> 01:21:30,597
AND YOU CAN SEE THERE'S NO

2235
01:21:30,597 --> 01:21:31,431
DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE CONTROLS

2236
01:21:31,431 --> 01:21:36,503
AND THE CELLS WITH THE PANT O

2237
01:21:36,503 --> 01:21:37,470
TEMMIC ACID, EVEN THOUGH WE WERE

2238
01:21:37,470 --> 01:21:39,206
ABLE TO SEE AN INCREASE IN THE

2239
01:21:39,206 --> 01:21:40,974
MASS SPEC., SO THIS INDICATES

2240
01:21:40,974 --> 01:21:43,376
AND ACTUALLY I FORGOT TO INCLUDE

2241
01:21:43,376 --> 01:21:45,612
HERE, WE ALSO HAVE POSITIVE DATA

2242
01:21:45,612 --> 01:21:48,982
FOR A FATTY ACIDS ARE LONGER

2243
01:21:48,982 --> 01:21:51,918
THAN 17 INDICATING THERE IS A

2244
01:21:51,918 --> 01:21:53,353
[INDISCERNIBLE] FOR THE AMOUNT

2245
01:21:53,353 --> 01:21:55,455
OF CARBONS NEEDED TO CHANGE THE

2246
01:21:55,455 --> 01:21:56,656
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE

2247
01:21:56,656 --> 01:21:57,824
PLASMA MEMBRANES AT LEAST IN

2248
01:21:57,824 --> 01:21:59,659
NEEZ CELLS.

2249
01:21:59,659 --> 01:22:02,128
SO WE USE ATOMIC MICROSCOPY JUST

2250
01:22:02,128 --> 01:22:04,197
LIKE IN WORMS BUT THIS TIME WE

2251
01:22:04,197 --> 01:22:06,466
DID IT IN N2A CELLS IN THE SAME

2252
01:22:06,466 --> 01:22:08,101
WE WE DO THE [INDISCERNIBLE]

2253
01:22:08,101 --> 01:22:10,503
PHYSIOLOGY AND WE DETERMINE THAT

2254
01:22:10,503 --> 01:22:15,609
THOSE CELLS N2A CELLS THAT WERE

2255
01:22:15,609 --> 01:22:17,844
ENRICHED--SORRY, I'M STRUGGLING

2256
01:22:17,844 --> 01:22:22,549
WITH MARGARIC ACID HAD A LARGER

2257
01:22:22,549 --> 01:22:23,116
STIFFNESS OR CONTROL, THE

2258
01:22:23,116 --> 01:22:24,251
CONTROL OF THE PERCENT OF THE

2259
01:22:24,251 --> 01:22:24,751
BLACK LINE.

2260
01:22:24,751 --> 01:22:29,589
ALSO I'M GOING TO JUMP AHEAD AND

2261
01:22:29,589 --> 01:22:30,457
GIVE YOU--I'M GOING TO SKIP

2262
01:22:30,457 --> 01:22:34,694
AHEAD AND TELL YOU THAT IF WE

2263
01:22:34,694 --> 01:22:36,997
HAVE MEMBRANE [INDISCERNIBLE]

2264
01:22:36,997 --> 01:22:38,398
MEMBRANES AND RICH

2265
01:22:38,398 --> 01:22:39,332
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS NOW

2266
01:22:39,332 --> 01:22:42,168
WE HAVE LESS [INDISCERNIBLE]

2267
01:22:42,168 --> 01:22:43,470
FORCERS, THOSE MEMBRANES ARE

2268
01:22:43,470 --> 01:22:45,005
LEAD READ.

2269
01:22:45,005 --> 01:22:47,107
SO LUCKY FOR US POLYSUN

2270
01:22:47,107 --> 01:22:49,109
SATURATED FATTY,A SIDS ARE

2271
01:22:49,109 --> 01:22:51,278
ALMOST ALWAYS A LOW CONTENT IN

2272
01:22:51,278 --> 01:22:53,747
EVERY CELL, SO IT'S VERY EASY TO

2273
01:22:53,747 --> 01:22:55,015
ENRICH THEM AND THAT'S 1 OF THE

2274
01:22:55,015 --> 01:22:59,419
REASONS WHY WE HAVE TO GIVE

2275
01:22:59,419 --> 01:23:01,488
[INDISCERNIBLE] ACID TO INCREASE

2276
01:23:01,488 --> 01:23:04,157
THIS POLY[INDISCERNIBLE] OR

2277
01:23:04,157 --> 01:23:05,358
POLYUNSATURATED FAT ACID IN OUR

2278
01:23:05,358 --> 01:23:05,592
TISSUES.

2279
01:23:05,592 --> 01:23:08,061
SO AGAIN, THEY ARE VERY LOW AND

2280
01:23:08,061 --> 01:23:09,195
WE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THESE AND

2281
01:23:09,195 --> 01:23:10,497
WE SET UP THE EXPERIMENT VERY

2282
01:23:10,497 --> 01:23:14,200
SIMILAR TO WHAT WE DID WITH

2283
01:23:14,200 --> 01:23:15,502
MARGARIC ACID SO HERE I'M

2284
01:23:15,502 --> 01:23:18,071
SHOWING THE CONTROL IN GREEN AS

2285
01:23:18,071 --> 01:23:21,041
A REFERENCE AND MARGARIC ACID TO

2286
01:23:21,041 --> 01:23:24,077
BE THE EXTREME VISION OF PIEZO1.

2287
01:23:24,077 --> 01:23:26,379
ON THIS 1 THE CURRENT DENSITY SO

2288
01:23:26,379 --> 01:23:28,148
WE CAN DETERMINE WHETHER THE

2289
01:23:28,148 --> 01:23:30,417
CURRENTS INCREASE OR DECREASE,

2290
01:23:30,417 --> 01:23:32,652
HERE WE'RE MEASURING TAU OF

2291
01:23:32,652 --> 01:23:33,586
ACTIVATION, HOW LONG DOES IT

2292
01:23:33,586 --> 01:23:37,290
TAKE FOR THESE CHANNELS TO BE

2293
01:23:37,290 --> 01:23:43,663
PRESENCE IN THE MECHANISTIC

2294
01:23:43,663 --> 01:23:45,565
DEVICE, SO WE EXPECT THAT IF WE

2295
01:23:45,565 --> 01:23:46,967
REACH MEMBERS IN THE BOTH, THE 1

2296
01:23:46,967 --> 01:23:49,536
THAT MAKE THE MEMBRANES LESS

2297
01:23:49,536 --> 01:23:50,704
READ WE WOULD HAVE MORE FUNCTION

2298
01:23:50,704 --> 01:23:52,172
BUT THIS IS NOT WHAT HAPPENED.

2299
01:23:52,172 --> 01:23:56,910
WHAT HAPPENED IS IF WE INCREASE

2300
01:23:56,910 --> 01:23:58,545
THE PANTANOIC ACID WE DO NOT

2301
01:23:58,545 --> 01:23:59,546
CHANGE THE CURRENT PLASMA

2302
01:23:59,546 --> 01:24:02,415
MEMBRANES ABOUT YOU WE ENHANCE

2303
01:24:02,415 --> 01:24:02,849
INACTIVATION.

2304
01:24:02,849 --> 01:24:03,683
THE CHANNELS BECOME LESS

2305
01:24:03,683 --> 01:24:08,154
FUNCTIONAL AND THIS IS VERY

2306
01:24:08,154 --> 01:24:09,622
REPRODUCIBLE.

2307
01:24:09,622 --> 01:24:11,558
IF WE USE INSTEAD THE FATTY

2308
01:24:11,558 --> 01:24:13,827
ACID, OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID THAT

2309
01:24:13,827 --> 01:24:15,328
HAVE 22 CARBONS BUT THEY DO NOT

2310
01:24:15,328 --> 01:24:17,330
CHANGE FOR NOW THE CHANNEL IT

2311
01:24:17,330 --> 01:24:21,568
STAYS LONGER, IT STAYS OPEN

2312
01:24:21,568 --> 01:24:21,801
LONGER.

2313
01:24:21,801 --> 01:24:23,203
AND SURPRISINGLY THE ACID WHICH

2314
01:24:23,203 --> 01:24:25,505
IS INNATE IN CARBON

2315
01:24:25,505 --> 01:24:27,073
[INDISCERNIBLE] AFFECTS BOTH,

2316
01:24:27,073 --> 01:24:29,009
THE AMOUNT OF CURRENT IN THE

2317
01:24:29,009 --> 01:24:32,045
PLASMA MEMBRANES OF PIEZO 1 AND

2318
01:24:32,045 --> 01:24:33,013
SLOWS DOWN INACTIVATION.

2319
01:24:33,013 --> 01:24:35,148
SO YOU CAN APPRECIATE THAT WE

2320
01:24:35,148 --> 01:24:38,251
HAVE A REALLY NICE, I HOPE TO

2321
01:24:38,251 --> 01:24:39,853
SAY REALLY NICE, TOOL KIT FOR

2322
01:24:39,853 --> 01:24:42,989
THE FUNCTION OF THESE MECHANO

2323
01:24:42,989 --> 01:24:45,892
SENSITIVE  ION CHANNEL.

2324
01:24:45,892 --> 01:24:48,228
WE KNEW THIS WAS NECESSARY TO

2325
01:24:48,228 --> 01:24:48,962
INCUBATE THESE CELLS OVERNIGHT

2326
01:24:48,962 --> 01:24:51,731
BUT WE HAVE, YOU KNOW REVIEWERS

2327
01:24:51,731 --> 01:24:54,134
AND WE WONDER OURSELVES IF THIS

2328
01:24:54,134 --> 01:24:56,002
WAS A DIRECT INTERACTION, MAYBE

2329
01:24:56,002 --> 01:24:59,139
THIS FATTY ACIDS ARE BINDING TO

2330
01:24:59,139 --> 01:25:00,573
PIEZO 1 AND TO EXPLORE THAT, WE 

2331
01:25:00,573 --> 01:25:02,275
PERFORM THE SAME TYPE OF

2332
01:25:02,275 --> 01:25:05,645
EXPERIMENTS BUT INSTEAD OF

2333
01:25:05,645 --> 01:25:06,880
INCUBATING OVERNIGHT, WE PROFUSE

2334
01:25:06,880 --> 01:25:08,715
THE FATTY ACIDS FOR A COUPLE OF

2335
01:25:08,715 --> 01:25:10,717
MINUTES AND MEASURE THE

2336
01:25:10,717 --> 01:25:12,685
MECHANICAL RESPONSE AGAIN.

2337
01:25:12,685 --> 01:25:15,588
BY DOING THIS FOR EXAMPLE WITH

2338
01:25:15,588 --> 01:25:16,856
MARGARIC ACID, WE DID NOT SEE

2339
01:25:16,856 --> 01:25:18,525
ANY CHANGES IN CURRENT O

2340
01:25:18,525 --> 01:25:19,392
INACTIVATION EMPLOY WE ACTUALLY

2341
01:25:19,392 --> 01:25:24,998
HAD TO INCLUDE A NEGATIVE,

2342
01:25:24,998 --> 01:25:26,933
INHIBITOR OF PIEZO1, BUT

2343
01:25:26,933 --> 01:25:28,001
NEVERTHELESS ALLOWED US TO

2344
01:25:28,001 --> 01:25:29,202
DETERMINE THAT THE PROFUSION WAS

2345
01:25:29,202 --> 01:25:30,670
WORKING.

2346
01:25:30,670 --> 01:25:33,073
THIS IS SUMMARIZING A PLOT.

2347
01:25:33,073 --> 01:25:34,741
AND WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT NONE

2348
01:25:34,741 --> 01:25:37,510
OF THE FATTY ACIDS UNDER THESE

2349
01:25:37,510 --> 01:25:40,146
CONDITIONS WERE ABLE TO CHANGE

2350
01:25:40,146 --> 01:25:42,482
PIEZO FUNCTION INDICATING THAT

2351
01:25:42,482 --> 01:25:43,683
PLASMA MEMBRANE REMODELING WHAT

2352
01:25:43,683 --> 01:25:48,755
MODULATES A FUNCTION OF PIEZO 1.

2353
01:25:48,755 --> 01:25:51,558
SO IN IT ONLY RAISED FROM THE

2354
01:25:51,558 --> 01:25:53,293
MECHAN O PROPERTIES OF THE

2355
01:25:53,293 --> 01:25:55,028
PLASMA MEMBRANE, WE HYPOTHESIZE

2356
01:25:55,028 --> 01:25:56,796
THAT OTHER MECHANO SENSITIVE ION

2357
01:25:56,796 --> 01:25:59,666
CHANNELS THAT DO NOT LOOK ALIKE

2358
01:25:59,666 --> 01:26:01,768
AT THE BEGINNING SHOULD HAVE

2359
01:26:01,768 --> 01:26:03,903
SIMILAR RESPONSES LIKE PIEZO 1.

2360
01:26:03,903 --> 01:26:06,005
FOR THESE EXPERIMENTS WE USE THE

2361
01:26:06,005 --> 01:26:08,641
CHANNEL OF LARGE CONDUCT ANT

2362
01:26:08,641 --> 01:26:10,877
MSCL THAT IS IN E.COLI AS YOU

2363
01:26:10,877 --> 01:26:13,913
CAN SEE FROM THESE PARTS IS VERY

2364
01:26:13,913 --> 01:26:14,447
DIFFERENT.

2365
01:26:14,447 --> 01:26:15,982
SO WE TRANSFECT INTO A SOURCE

2366
01:26:15,982 --> 01:26:18,184
THAT NOW HAVE INCREASED

2367
01:26:18,184 --> 01:26:20,286
[INDISCERNIBLE] KNOCK OUT PIEZO1

2368
01:26:20,286 --> 01:26:25,792
AND WHAT WE DETERMINE IS THAT IF

2369
01:26:25,792 --> 01:26:27,260
WE INCUBATE MARGIARIC ACID

2370
01:26:27,260 --> 01:26:29,496
OVERNIGHT NOT ONLY WE DIMINISH

2371
01:26:29,496 --> 01:26:31,731
AMOUNT OF CURRENTS WITH MSCL BUT

2372
01:26:31,731 --> 01:26:42,008
ALSO NOW WE REQUIRE MORE MECHAN

2373
01:26:42,008 --> 01:26:45,778
O SENSITIVE ACID.

2374
01:26:45,778 --> 01:26:50,250
IF WE USE MSCL IN CELLS THAT

2375
01:26:50,250 --> 01:26:52,152
HAVE ACID OVER NIGHT, NOW WE

2376
01:26:52,152 --> 01:26:54,787
HAVE LARGER CURRENTS AND WE

2377
01:26:54,787 --> 01:26:55,755
REQUIRE LESS MECHANICAL STIMULI

2378
01:26:55,755 --> 01:26:57,624
TO OPEN THESE CHANNELS.

2379
01:26:57,624 --> 01:27:03,096
SO  OUR RESULTS SO FAR CONFIRM

2380
01:27:03,096 --> 01:27:06,900
THAT THE FATTY ACIDS MOTTIFY

2381
01:27:06,900 --> 01:27:08,301
PIEZO1 BY MODIFYING PROPERTIES

2382
01:27:08,301 --> 01:27:11,104
OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND

2383
01:27:11,104 --> 01:27:12,605
DIRECTLY TO THE [INDISCERNIBLE].

2384
01:27:12,605 --> 01:27:14,541
SO NOW WE HAD A TOOL KIT OF

2385
01:27:14,541 --> 01:27:16,209
FATTY ACIDS THAT WILL ALLOW US

2386
01:27:16,209 --> 01:27:18,411
TO MODIFY THE FUNCTION OF

2387
01:27:18,411 --> 01:27:23,049
PIEZO1, WE CAN HAVE MORE

2388
01:27:23,049 --> 01:27:25,351
MARGARIC ACID AND PLAY WITH THAT

2389
01:27:25,351 --> 01:27:26,853
TO INHIBIT CHANNEL FUNCTION OR

2390
01:27:26,853 --> 01:27:29,589
WE CAN USE THE DHA OR

2391
01:27:29,589 --> 01:27:30,823
[INDISCERNIBLE] ACID TO ENHANCE

2392
01:27:30,823 --> 01:27:33,960
CHANNEL FUNCTION.

2393
01:27:33,960 --> 01:27:40,099
THIS IS FOR PIEZO1.

2394
01:27:40,099 --> 01:27:41,234
WITH PIEZO2, WITH MANY PAPERS

2395
01:27:41,234 --> 01:27:43,503
BUT I DON'T HAVE TIME TO DISCUSS

2396
01:27:43,503 --> 01:27:45,672
BUT IT'S A CHANNEL YOU CARE

2397
01:27:45,672 --> 01:27:48,274
ABOUT BECAUSE IT IS

2398
01:27:48,274 --> 01:27:50,443
IMPORTANT--OOPS, OKAY, IT IS

2399
01:27:50,443 --> 01:27:51,878
IMPORTANT FOR WOUND DEVELOPMENT

2400
01:27:51,878 --> 01:27:55,248
FOR PROPRIMATES O ACCEPTION,

2401
01:27:55,248 --> 01:27:56,549
TOUCH, MECHANICAL DEEMIA,

2402
01:27:56,549 --> 01:27:58,384
EXPRESS INDEED SENSORY NEURONS

2403
01:27:58,384 --> 01:28:02,455
THAT INVIGORATE OUR SKIN, ALSO

2404
01:28:02,455 --> 01:28:04,891
INTERNAL ORGANS, CELLS, IT'S

2405
01:28:04,891 --> 01:28:05,625
IMPORTANT FOR [INDISCERNIBLE]

2406
01:28:05,625 --> 01:28:05,825
RIGHT?

2407
01:28:05,825 --> 01:28:10,430
SO I WILL SHOW YOU A COUPLE OF

2408
01:28:10,430 --> 01:28:11,464
EXAMPLES WHERE IT GOES TO

2409
01:28:11,464 --> 01:28:12,932
TRANSLATION AND HOW WE CAN USE

2410
01:28:12,932 --> 01:28:16,970
THESE FATTY ACIDS TO AMELIOR 8

2411
01:28:16,970 --> 01:28:18,538
THESE PIEZO 2 DISORDERS.

2412
01:28:18,538 --> 01:28:22,075
SO AS I SAID PIEZO2 IS EXPRESSED

2413
01:28:22,075 --> 01:28:23,676
IN SENSORY NEURONS IN THIS

2414
01:28:23,676 --> 01:28:24,410
PARTICULAR EXAMPLE, I'M

2415
01:28:24,410 --> 01:28:28,281
HIGHLIGHTING THAT IS EXPRESSED

2416
01:28:28,281 --> 01:28:30,483
IN PROPRIMATES O SEPTORSOR

2417
01:28:30,483 --> 01:28:34,954
NEURONS WHERE IT MODULATES

2418
01:28:34,954 --> 01:28:38,725
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR CONTROLS

2419
01:28:38,725 --> 01:28:41,094
MUSCLE--I FORGOT CONTRACTION

2420
01:28:41,094 --> 01:28:46,599
ALSO IMPORTANT FOR MUSK LO

2421
01:28:46,599 --> 01:28:47,700
SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT.

2422
01:28:47,700 --> 01:28:51,204
SO [INDISCERNIBLE] SEVERAL YEARS

2423
01:28:51,204 --> 01:28:54,707
AGO FOUND A FAMILY HA HAD A

2424
01:28:54,707 --> 01:28:56,175
PIEZO2 GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION

2425
01:28:56,175 --> 01:28:58,344
THAT HAD DISTAL [INDISCERNIBLE]

2426
01:28:58,344 --> 01:28:58,945
TYPE 5.

2427
01:28:58,945 --> 01:29:02,982
SO THIS GAIN OF FUNCTION OF

2428
01:29:02,982 --> 01:29:04,917
PIEZO2, THE CORRELATION WAS VERY

2429
01:29:04,917 --> 01:29:06,419
SIGNIFICANT AND THEY PROPOSE

2430
01:29:06,419 --> 01:29:10,990
FROM HIS LAB THAT THIS GAIN OF

2431
01:29:10,990 --> 01:29:12,692
FUNCTION OF PIEZO2 CAUSED THIS

2432
01:29:12,692 --> 01:29:12,959
PHENOTYPE.

2433
01:29:12,959 --> 01:29:19,599
A FEW YEARS AGO, WE COLLABORATED

2434
01:29:19,599 --> 01:29:20,199
WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] BECAUSE

2435
01:29:20,199 --> 01:29:23,336
THEY MADE A MOUSE MODEL OF

2436
01:29:23,336 --> 01:29:25,405
PIEZO2 GAIN OF FUNCTION IN WHICH

2437
01:29:25,405 --> 01:29:26,272
THEY DETERMINE THAT BY

2438
01:29:26,272 --> 01:29:27,640
EXPRESSING THIS GAIN OF FUNCTION

2439
01:29:27,640 --> 01:29:31,344
MUTATION IN SENSORY NEURONS OR

2440
01:29:31,344 --> 01:29:32,378
PROPRIMATES O SEPTORSOR NEURONS

2441
01:29:32,378 --> 01:29:35,581
THEY WERE ABLE TO RECAPITULATE

2442
01:29:35,581 --> 01:29:38,484
THOSE PHENOTYPES FOUND IN THE

2443
01:29:38,484 --> 01:29:39,552
HUMAN FAMILY WITH THE

2444
01:29:39,552 --> 01:29:40,086
[INDISCERNIBLE].

2445
01:29:40,086 --> 01:29:41,988
THEY ALSO DETERMINED THAT IT'S

2446
01:29:41,988 --> 01:29:44,257
VERY IMPORTANT WHEN IN TIME YOU

2447
01:29:44,257 --> 01:29:45,425
EXPRESS GAIN OF FUNCTION

2448
01:29:45,425 --> 01:29:48,328
MUTATION SO IF THEY EXPRESS THE

2449
01:29:48,328 --> 01:29:50,463
PIEZO2 FUNCTION MUTATION DURING

2450
01:29:50,463 --> 01:29:52,832
ADULTHOOD, THEN THOSE ANIMALS

2451
01:29:52,832 --> 01:29:54,767
ARE NORMAL JUST LIKE THE

2452
01:29:54,767 --> 01:29:55,601
WILD-TYPE [INDISCERNIBLE].

2453
01:29:55,601 --> 01:29:59,238
SO THERE IS A VERY NARROW WINDOW

2454
01:29:59,238 --> 01:30:00,373
DURING DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE THAT

2455
01:30:00,373 --> 01:30:03,376
GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION CAUSES

2456
01:30:03,376 --> 01:30:06,479
THE PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATE WIDE OUR

2457
01:30:06,479 --> 01:30:06,779
HYPOTHESIS.

2458
01:30:06,779 --> 01:30:08,715
THOSE PHENOTYPES ARE SHOWN HERE

2459
01:30:08,715 --> 01:30:10,750
SO THIS THERE IS A VERY DRAMATIC

2460
01:30:10,750 --> 01:30:14,020
CHANGE IN THE ANGLES BETWEEN THE

2461
01:30:14,020 --> 01:30:15,988
BONES, THEY GO FROM TO RIGHT

2462
01:30:15,988 --> 01:30:18,458
ANGLES, THEY ARE SHORTER, THE

2463
01:30:18,458 --> 01:30:19,792
ANIMALS BEHAVIOR DIFFERENTLY,

2464
01:30:19,792 --> 01:30:21,394
THEY SPEND LESS TIME ACROSSING

2465
01:30:21,394 --> 01:30:23,162
THE HANGING WIRE AND THEY ALSO

2466
01:30:23,162 --> 01:30:29,635
SPEND LESS TIME WHEN THEY--WHEN

2467
01:30:29,635 --> 01:30:32,438
SHANNON AND COLLABORATORS

2468
01:30:32,438 --> 01:30:35,775
[INDISCERNIBLE] THE ANIMALS WITH

2469
01:30:35,775 --> 01:30:36,509
THE SCREEN TEST.

2470
01:30:36,509 --> 01:30:38,244
TURNS OUT AT THE SAME TIME WITH

2471
01:30:38,244 --> 01:30:39,679
THE GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION

2472
01:30:39,679 --> 01:30:41,814
THEY REPORTED A FEW YEARS BACK,

2473
01:30:41,814 --> 01:30:46,119
THEY REPORTED THIS AS WELL, OF

2474
01:30:46,119 --> 01:30:47,854
COURSE, THAT THE DECEASED MIGHT

2475
01:30:47,854 --> 01:30:49,722
BE CAUSED BECAUSE ONLY LIKE THE

2476
01:30:49,722 --> 01:30:51,924
WILD-TYPE CHANNEL, THE GAIN OF

2477
01:30:51,924 --> 01:30:53,059
FUNCTION MUTATIONS THAT

2478
01:30:53,059 --> 01:30:55,194
[INDISCERNIBLE] NOW THEY TAKE

2479
01:30:55,194 --> 01:30:56,496
LONGER TO ENACTIVATE.

2480
01:30:56,496 --> 01:30:57,864
THIS MEANS THERE IS MORE CALCIUM

2481
01:30:57,864 --> 01:31:00,566
GOING INTO THE CELL, RIGHT, INTO

2482
01:31:00,566 --> 01:31:01,334
THE NEURONS, ACTUALLY THE MUSEUM

2483
01:31:01,334 --> 01:31:02,535
AT THAT POINT OF THE PAPER IS

2484
01:31:02,535 --> 01:31:05,171
THIS 1, I JUST ADDED THIS

2485
01:31:05,171 --> 01:31:06,572
BECAUSE I FIND IT REMARKABLE

2486
01:31:06,572 --> 01:31:08,074
THAT MOW MATTER WHERE THE

2487
01:31:08,074 --> 01:31:09,876
MUTATIONS ARE, THEY MAKE THIS

2488
01:31:09,876 --> 01:31:11,277
INACTIVATION TO GO SLOWER, BUT

2489
01:31:11,277 --> 01:31:13,146
WHAT WE FOUND THAT I THINK WAS

2490
01:31:13,146 --> 01:31:15,281
VERY IMPORTANT IS THAT IF WE

2491
01:31:15,281 --> 01:31:18,718
INCUBATE THOSE CELLS, EXPRESSING

2492
01:31:18,718 --> 01:31:20,353
THE PIEZO2 GAIN OF FUNCTION

2493
01:31:20,353 --> 01:31:24,056
MUTATION, AND MEMBRANES THAT ARE

2494
01:31:24,056 --> 01:31:25,725
REACHED WITHIN PEN TANOIC,A SID

2495
01:31:25,725 --> 01:31:28,928
WE CAN MAKE THESE MUTANT

2496
01:31:28,928 --> 01:31:31,130
CHANNELS BEHAVE LIKE

2497
01:31:31,130 --> 01:31:32,965
WILD-TYPE'VE TYPE AND THIS IS

2498
01:31:32,965 --> 01:31:34,167
SUMMARIZED IN THE WILD-TYPE PLOT

2499
01:31:34,167 --> 01:31:36,102
AND YOU CAN APPRECIATE THE GREEN

2500
01:31:36,102 --> 01:31:37,403
AND THE [INDISCERNIBLE] BECOME

2501
01:31:37,403 --> 01:31:42,875
VERY FAST WHEN THERE'S

2502
01:31:42,875 --> 01:31:43,943
[INDISCERNIBLE] PENTINE

2503
01:31:43,943 --> 01:31:45,478
REGIMENANOIC ACID IN THE

2504
01:31:45,478 --> 01:31:45,745
MEMBRANE.

2505
01:31:45,745 --> 01:31:47,647
SO AT THE TIME WE STARTED

2506
01:31:47,647 --> 01:31:49,515
COLLABBUATION WITH DAMON AND HIS

2507
01:31:49,515 --> 01:31:55,354
LAB MEMBERS SO THEY START

2508
01:31:55,354 --> 01:31:58,591
FEEDING PANT AN OHIC ACID

2509
01:31:58,591 --> 01:31:59,826
FEEDING THE MICE AND MATING AND

2510
01:31:59,826 --> 01:32:05,131
PREGNANT AND 5 WEEKS AFTER

2511
01:32:05,131 --> 01:32:07,233
RECEIVING THIS DIET, THEY  

2512
01:32:07,233 --> 01:32:08,668
PERFORMED BEHAVIORIAL ASSAYS AND

2513
01:32:08,668 --> 01:32:11,637
WE ALSO LOOKED AT THE MIEWRONS

2514
01:32:11,637 --> 01:32:12,939
THAT HAD MORE ACID IN THE PLEM

2515
01:32:12,939 --> 01:32:15,575
BRAINS WHICH IS THE CASE.

2516
01:32:15,575 --> 01:32:18,478
--MEMBRANES WHICH IS THE CASE.

2517
01:32:18,478 --> 01:32:20,346
WE ALSO USED A HIGH FATTY DIET

2518
01:32:20,346 --> 01:32:23,616
TO HAVE PROPER CONTROL AND WHAT

2519
01:32:23,616 --> 01:32:27,019
THEY DETERMINED WITH OUR DIET IS

2520
01:32:27,019 --> 01:32:28,421
THAT OUR ANIMALS ARE NOT LIKE

2521
01:32:28,421 --> 01:32:29,455
WILD-TYPE BUT THEY'RE BETTER

2522
01:32:29,455 --> 01:32:32,291
THAN THEY GAIN OF FUNCTION

2523
01:32:32,291 --> 01:32:34,994
MUTATION EMPLOY SO BY FEEDING A

2524
01:32:34,994 --> 01:32:37,363
DIET ENRICHED IN PANTANOIC ACID,

2525
01:32:37,363 --> 01:32:38,898
NOW THE ANIMALS ARE MORE USE CAN

2526
01:32:38,898 --> 01:32:40,466
LESS RIGHT, NOW THE ANIMALS

2527
01:32:40,466 --> 01:32:43,436
SPEND MORE TIME ON THE WIRE AND

2528
01:32:43,436 --> 01:32:46,038
THEY SPEND MORE TIME DURING THE

2529
01:32:46,038 --> 01:32:48,441
SCREEN TEST AND NEEDLESS TO SAY,

2530
01:32:48,441 --> 01:32:52,879
THESE ANIMALS WERE IN LINE TO

2531
01:32:52,879 --> 01:32:53,212
TREATMENT.

2532
01:32:53,212 --> 01:32:56,048
SO NOW THAT I IMPART THAT TO YOU

2533
01:32:56,048 --> 01:32:59,318
DIRECTLY, I HOPE, SO I SHOW THAT

2534
01:32:59,318 --> 01:33:01,587
YOU PIEZOWAS INHIBITED BY

2535
01:33:01,587 --> 01:33:05,358
MARGARIC ACID BUT WE ALSO FOUND

2536
01:33:05,358 --> 01:33:07,927
THAT PIEZO2 ENDORSE GANGLION

2537
01:33:07,927 --> 01:33:10,630
NEURONS FROM MICE, RATS AND

2538
01:33:10,630 --> 01:33:16,802
HUMANS  ARE INHIBITED BY THE

2539
01:33:16,802 --> 01:33:18,671
MARGARIC ACID, AND YOU CAN SEE

2540
01:33:18,671 --> 01:33:19,906
THAT DATA HERE, CAN YOU

2541
01:33:19,906 --> 01:33:21,807
APPRECIATE THAT THE GANGLION

2542
01:33:21,807 --> 01:33:23,776
NEURONS BECOME SMALLER WHEN

2543
01:33:23,776 --> 01:33:26,178
THEY'RE INCUBATED OVERNIGHT WITH

2544
01:33:26,178 --> 01:33:27,780
MARGARIC ACID, THIS IS THE PLOT,

2545
01:33:27,780 --> 01:33:31,784
ALSO YOU CAN APPRECIATE THAT YOU

2546
01:33:31,784 --> 01:33:33,586
REQUIRE MORE MECHANICAL

2547
01:33:33,586 --> 01:33:37,924
STIMULATION TO ILISOTOPEIT THESE

2548
01:33:37,924 --> 01:33:39,926
AS SMALL BIEZO2 CORRELATES.

2549
01:33:39,926 --> 01:33:40,993
THE COOL THING ABOUT DOING THE

2550
01:33:40,993 --> 01:33:42,528
SPRMS IN THE NEURONS WHICH I

2551
01:33:42,528 --> 01:33:44,497
DIDN'T APPRECIATE BEFORE IS THAT

2552
01:33:44,497 --> 01:33:47,199
YOU CAN ALSO ELICIT MECHANO

2553
01:33:47,199 --> 01:33:48,434
ACTION POETIC TEBTIALS.

2554
01:33:48,434 --> 01:33:51,337
SO INSTEAD OF INJECTS

2555
01:33:51,337 --> 01:33:53,539
[INDISCERNIBLE], WE IN DOSE

2556
01:33:53,539 --> 01:33:54,674
[INDISCERNIBLE] NEURONS IN

2557
01:33:54,674 --> 01:33:57,743
CULTURE AND WE CAN ILLICIT

2558
01:33:57,743 --> 01:33:58,177
ACTION POTENTIALS.

2559
01:33:58,177 --> 01:33:59,378
SO THESE ARE THE CONTROL NEURONS

2560
01:33:59,378 --> 01:34:05,051
AND THESE ARE THE 1S INCUBATED

2561
01:34:05,051 --> 01:34:06,519
WITH MARGARIC ACID.

2562
01:34:06,519 --> 01:34:07,887
THEY'RE THE SAME MECHANICAL

2563
01:34:07,887 --> 01:34:10,022
STIMULI BUT IF YOU KEEP POKES

2564
01:34:10,022 --> 01:34:11,691
AND POKES, NOW HAVE YOU MECHANO

2565
01:34:11,691 --> 01:34:12,925
ACTION POETIC TEBTIALS AND THIS

2566
01:34:12,925 --> 01:34:15,294
IS SUMMARIZED HERE AND I THINK

2567
01:34:15,294 --> 01:34:17,496
IT'S VERY SIGNIFICANT WHEN YOU

2568
01:34:17,496 --> 01:34:19,765
SEE HOW MUCH A MECHANICAL

2569
01:34:19,765 --> 01:34:25,304
STIMULI WE NEED TO ACTIVATE THIS

2570
01:34:25,304 --> 01:34:26,172
ACTION POTENTIALS.

2571
01:34:26,172 --> 01:34:30,776
SO [INDISCERNIBLE] AND HIS LAB

2572
01:34:30,776 --> 01:34:32,745
YEARS AGO ALREADY DEMONSTRATE

2573
01:34:32,745 --> 01:34:34,080
THAD PIEZO2 WAS PART OF THE

2574
01:34:34,080 --> 01:34:38,217
CASCADE OF THE INFLAMMATORY

2575
01:34:38,217 --> 01:34:41,487
SOUP, PIE ZOFUNCTION IS ENHANCED

2576
01:34:41,487 --> 01:34:44,757
DIRECTLY BY [INDISCERNIBLE]

2577
01:34:44,757 --> 01:34:45,424
KININES THE [INDISCERNIBLE], SO

2578
01:34:45,424 --> 01:34:46,926
AT THE TIME WE WERE PREPARING

2579
01:34:46,926 --> 01:34:50,997
THIS PAPER THAT WE PUBLISHED WE

2580
01:34:50,997 --> 01:34:54,300
WONDER IF MARGARIC ACID WOULD BE

2581
01:34:54,300 --> 01:34:55,735
ABLE TO FIGHT BACK THE

2582
01:34:55,735 --> 01:34:58,838
INFLAMMATION SO WE DID THIS IN

2583
01:34:58,838 --> 01:35:01,240
CULTURE, THE NEURONS HAVE THE

2584
01:35:01,240 --> 01:35:03,876
[INDISCERNIBLE] RECEPTOR SO WE

2585
01:35:03,876 --> 01:35:07,813
ESSENTIALLY REPLICATE ITEMS AND

2586
01:35:07,813 --> 01:35:16,489
THE RESPONSE IN OUR LAB BY

2587
01:35:16,489 --> 01:35:18,090
PRODUCING BRADYKININ EMPLOY SO

2588
01:35:18,090 --> 01:35:21,060
WHAT WE DID WAS USE THESE

2589
01:35:21,060 --> 01:35:23,529
NEURONS AND THEY INCUBATE OVER

2590
01:35:23,529 --> 01:35:27,867
NIGHT WITH MARGARIC ACID AND YOU

2591
01:35:27,867 --> 01:35:30,703
CAN SEE THE SMALL LEVEL.

2592
01:35:30,703 --> 01:35:33,706
INDICATING WE CAN DECREASE

2593
01:35:33,706 --> 01:35:35,174
PIEZO2 INFLATION TO

2594
01:35:35,174 --> 01:35:35,608
NONINFLAMMATORY.

2595
01:35:35,608 --> 01:35:36,909
AND THEN WHEN IT BECAME OBVIOUS

2596
01:35:36,909 --> 01:35:38,577
THEY HAD TO BECOME MORE

2597
01:35:38,577 --> 01:35:40,980
TRANSLATIONAL AND USE THIS BASIC

2598
01:35:40,980 --> 01:35:44,550
KNOWLEDGE, THIS HAS BEEN VERY,

2599
01:35:44,550 --> 01:35:47,853
VERY NICE BUT THERE IS A LOT OF

2600
01:35:47,853 --> 01:35:48,220
[INDISCERNIBLE].

2601
01:35:48,220 --> 01:35:50,556
I WAS LUCKY BECAUSE I STARTED A

2602
01:35:50,556 --> 01:35:51,691
COLLABORATION WITH ALEX

2603
01:35:51,691 --> 01:35:55,461
CHESSENER WHEN --WHO IS ALSO AT

2604
01:35:55,461 --> 01:35:58,964
NIH AND WE WROTE A TINY GRAPT,

2605
01:35:58,964 --> 01:35:59,865
INTRAMURAL, EXTRAMURAL FROM

2606
01:35:59,865 --> 01:36:03,736
BENCH TO BEDSIDE AND BACK ASK WE

2607
01:36:03,736 --> 01:36:05,037
EVEN APPLIED FOR THIS PATENT

2608
01:36:05,037 --> 01:36:08,007
THAT I HAVE TO DISCLOSE ALL THE

2609
01:36:08,007 --> 01:36:11,711
TIME SO THE GOAL WAS TO MAKE A

2610
01:36:11,711 --> 01:36:13,779
MARGARIC ACID LOTION THAT

2611
01:36:13,779 --> 01:36:14,980
TARGETS PIEZO 2 AT THE PERIPHERY

2612
01:36:14,980 --> 01:36:19,418
AND THAT WE CAN MODULATE OR

2613
01:36:19,418 --> 01:36:23,823
INHIBIT PAIN WITHOUT INHIBITING

2614
01:36:23,823 --> 01:36:24,356
ANONSPECIFIC SIDE EFFECTS

2615
01:36:24,356 --> 01:36:24,757
THEY--THEICIZING.

2616
01:36:24,757 --> 01:36:26,492
THAT WAS THE GOAL, RIGHT?

2617
01:36:26,492 --> 01:36:27,827
AGAIN I'M A BASIC SCIENTIST SO

2618
01:36:27,827 --> 01:36:31,097
THIS IS VERY NEW TO ME SO I

2619
01:36:31,097 --> 01:36:36,836
APOLOGIZE FOR ANY BIG MISTAKES

2620
01:36:36,836 --> 01:36:38,804
OR ERRORS, BUT WE,A PROACHED

2621
01:36:38,804 --> 01:36:41,407
THIS NAIVELY, WE USED 2 GROUPS

2622
01:36:41,407 --> 01:36:43,676
OF WILD-TYPE MICE, HEALTHY MICE

2623
01:36:43,676 --> 01:36:45,311
AND WE DECIDED TO DIVIDE THESE

2624
01:36:45,311 --> 01:36:46,779
GROUPS AND APLOY A PLACEBO

2625
01:36:46,779 --> 01:36:52,985
LOTION AND A MARGARIC ARK SID

2626
01:36:52,985 --> 01:36:54,320
ENRICHED LOTION, WE WOULD RUB

2627
01:36:54,320 --> 01:36:57,523
THE PAWS OF THE ANIMAL ONCE A

2628
01:36:57,523 --> 01:36:59,625
DAY, USING A MECHANICAL SO YOU

2629
01:36:59,625 --> 01:37:00,960
CAN HOLD THEM WITHOUT CAUSING

2630
01:37:00,960 --> 01:37:02,862
ANY DAMAGE, WE DIDN'T WANT TO

2631
01:37:02,862 --> 01:37:06,232
USE ANESTHESIA BECAUSE WE DIDN'T

2632
01:37:06,232 --> 01:37:08,801
WANT TO, YOU KNOW, DIRTY UP THE

2633
01:37:08,801 --> 01:37:10,002
RESULTS SO EVERY SINGLE DAY MY

2634
01:37:10,002 --> 01:37:12,671
PEOPLE WOULD GO TO THE FACILITY,

2635
01:37:12,671 --> 01:37:15,174
RUB THE PLACEBO LOTION OR THE

2636
01:37:15,174 --> 01:37:16,675
MARGARIC LOTION, WE LEFT 1 PAW

2637
01:37:16,675 --> 01:37:19,745
CONTROL NOT TOUCHING THAT.

2638
01:37:19,745 --> 01:37:21,747
AND EVERY 7 DAYS WE DECIDED TO

2639
01:37:21,747 --> 01:37:25,217
DO A BONE-FREE ASSAY AND MEASURE

2640
01:37:25,217 --> 01:37:27,520
HOW MANY--HOW MUCH FORCE WAS

2641
01:37:27,520 --> 01:37:29,255
NEAT NEEDED TO EVOKE A RESPONSE

2642
01:37:29,255 --> 01:37:30,156
ON THESE PAWS.

2643
01:37:30,156 --> 01:37:31,757
SO THE HYPOTHESIS WAS IF THE

2644
01:37:31,757 --> 01:37:34,493
LOTION WORKS THEN WE WOULD

2645
01:37:34,493 --> 01:37:36,762
REQUIRE MORE FORCE TO

2646
01:37:36,762 --> 01:37:38,531
ILISOTOPEIT WITH THE RESPONSES

2647
01:37:38,531 --> 01:37:39,064
IN THESE MICE.

2648
01:37:39,064 --> 01:37:40,766
AND THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED SO I'M

2649
01:37:40,766 --> 01:37:44,904
SHOWING YOU HERE, DAY 14, 21 AND

2650
01:37:44,904 --> 01:37:45,404
28.

2651
01:37:45,404 --> 01:37:47,039
I'M NOT SHOWING YOU 7 BECAUSE

2652
01:37:47,039 --> 01:37:48,274
NOTHING HAPPENED AT DAY 7.

2653
01:37:48,274 --> 01:37:50,543
SO THE BLUE DOTS ARE PLACEBO, SO

2654
01:37:50,543 --> 01:37:52,845
CAN YOU SEE A TINY INCREASE IN

2655
01:37:52,845 --> 01:37:55,181
THE FORCES BUT IT'S NOT

2656
01:37:55,181 --> 01:37:55,581
SIGNIFICANT.

2657
01:37:55,581 --> 01:37:57,483
HOWEVER WHEN YOU COMPARE WITH

2658
01:37:57,483 --> 01:37:58,417
THE RED COUNTERPART WHICH WAS

2659
01:37:58,417 --> 01:38:00,419
THE 1S THAT WERE THE ANIMALS,

2660
01:38:00,419 --> 01:38:05,324
THAT HAD THE CONTROL PAW WITH

2661
01:38:05,324 --> 01:38:07,927
THE MARGARIC ACID LOTION, SORRY,

2662
01:38:07,927 --> 01:38:09,428
CAN YOU LOOK--I DON'T WANT TO

2663
01:38:09,428 --> 01:38:12,198
RUIN THE SURPRISE, I'M SORRY.

2664
01:38:12,198 --> 01:38:16,836
FORGET I SHOW YOU THIS.

2665
01:38:16,836 --> 01:38:18,470
OKAY, SO YOU CAN APPRECIATE THAT

2666
01:38:18,470 --> 01:38:20,272
THE FORCES BECOME LARGER AND

2667
01:38:20,272 --> 01:38:24,210
LARGER AND 28 DAYS IS WHEN IT

2668
01:38:24,210 --> 01:38:25,978
BECOMES A PEAK THAT YOU REQUIRE

2669
01:38:25,978 --> 01:38:28,547
MORE A FORCE TO ILLICIT A

2670
01:38:28,547 --> 01:38:29,048
RESPONSE.

2671
01:38:29,048 --> 01:38:30,783
WE ALSO DID AN EXPERIMENT--SO

2672
01:38:30,783 --> 01:38:32,985
THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE DONE IN

2673
01:38:32,985 --> 01:38:35,788
3D IN BATCHES OF MICES WITH 3 3D

2674
01:38:35,788 --> 01:38:37,623
BATCHES OF LOTION SO WE'RE

2675
01:38:37,623 --> 01:38:39,592
REALLY CONFIDENT WE CAN

2676
01:38:39,592 --> 01:38:41,260
REPRODUCE THESE, BUT PEOPLE IN

2677
01:38:41,260 --> 01:38:43,162
MY LAB HATE ME FOR IT BECAUSE

2678
01:38:43,162 --> 01:38:48,067
THEY HAVE IT GO DO MICE PAWS OR

2679
01:38:48,067 --> 01:38:49,235
MASSAGE OR GENTLE SOFT

2680
01:38:49,235 --> 01:38:52,271
STIMULATION, SO WHEN WE STOP

2681
01:38:52,271 --> 01:38:54,106
APPLYING THE MARGARIC LOTION TO

2682
01:38:54,106 --> 01:38:55,875
THESE MICE, WE FOUND THERE WAS A

2683
01:38:55,875 --> 01:38:58,077
DECREASE WITH TIME SO THE EFFECT

2684
01:38:58,077 --> 01:38:59,578
IS NOT GOING TO STAY THERE

2685
01:38:59,578 --> 01:39:02,414
FOREVER WHICH I THINK IS VERY

2686
01:39:02,414 --> 01:39:02,815
IMPORTANT.

2687
01:39:02,815 --> 01:39:05,651
ALSO WE MAKE SURE THE ABILITY OF

2688
01:39:05,651 --> 01:39:07,586
THESE MICE TO RESPONSE TO HEAT

2689
01:39:07,586 --> 01:39:10,256
BECAUSE THE IDEA IS IF WE ARE

2690
01:39:10,256 --> 01:39:12,625
ONLY AFFECTING MECHANO SENSITIVE

2691
01:39:12,625 --> 01:39:14,760
ION CHANNELS, CHANNELS LIKE 3

2692
01:39:14,760 --> 01:39:16,428
D 1 FOR EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE

2693
01:39:16,428 --> 01:39:20,199
AFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF

2694
01:39:20,199 --> 01:39:21,967
MARGARIC ACID, AND WE DIDN'T SEE

2695
01:39:21,967 --> 01:39:23,369
ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MA

2696
01:39:23,369 --> 01:39:25,537
SEEB O AND THE MICE.

2697
01:39:25,537 --> 01:39:27,473
ALSO WE TOOK THE BLOOD OF THE

2698
01:39:27,473 --> 01:39:28,674
MICE AT THE END OF THE

2699
01:39:28,674 --> 01:39:30,242
EXPERIMENTS JUST TO MAKE SURE WE

2700
01:39:30,242 --> 01:39:31,477
WERE NOT CAUSING SYSTEMIC

2701
01:39:31,477 --> 01:39:32,278
INFLAMMATION AND THAT WAS NOT

2702
01:39:32,278 --> 01:39:34,747
THE CASE SO WE EVALUATED WITH A

2703
01:39:34,747 --> 01:39:37,416
KIT FOR THE CYTOKINES AND

2704
01:39:37,416 --> 01:39:38,951
CHEMOKINES THAT ARE MARKERS OF

2705
01:39:38,951 --> 01:39:40,786
INFLAMMATION AND WE DID NOT SEE

2706
01:39:40,786 --> 01:39:41,620
ANY DIFFERENCE.

2707
01:39:41,620 --> 01:39:43,255
THE MICE JUST LOOK NORMAL.

2708
01:39:43,255 --> 01:39:47,259
SO NOW WE ARE HOPING TO GRAB

2709
01:39:47,259 --> 01:39:48,394
MORE COLLABORATION, PEOPLE THAT

2710
01:39:48,394 --> 01:39:50,930
WORK WITH PAIN AND WE CAN USE

2711
01:39:50,930 --> 01:39:53,699
MAYBE THIS LOTION TO AMELIORATE

2712
01:39:53,699 --> 01:39:54,633
FOR EXAMPLE, RHEUMATOID

2713
01:39:54,633 --> 01:39:57,102
ARTHRITIS PAIN OR ANYTHING THAT

2714
01:39:57,102 --> 01:39:57,536
IS CHRONIC.

2715
01:39:57,536 --> 01:40:00,773
THIS IS NOT ANYTHING TO HELP IF

2716
01:40:00,773 --> 01:40:02,608
YOU GET IT YOURSELF TODAY, AND

2717
01:40:02,608 --> 01:40:04,576
YOU PUT IT, IT'S NOT GOING TO

2718
01:40:04,576 --> 01:40:06,078
HAPPEN BECAUSE IN CULTURE IT

2719
01:40:06,078 --> 01:40:10,683
TAKES AT LEAST 18 HOURS TO BE

2720
01:40:10,683 --> 01:40:10,950
REMODELED.

2721
01:40:10,950 --> 01:40:13,252
SO I HAVE MANY CONCLUSIONS BUT I

2722
01:40:13,252 --> 01:40:14,820
DECIDED TO GIVE YOU TAKE HOME

2723
01:40:14,820 --> 01:40:16,989
MESSAGES, SO I WANT YOU TO

2724
01:40:16,989 --> 01:40:19,491
REMEMBER THAT THE BASAL CHANNEL

2725
01:40:19,491 --> 01:40:21,560
FUNCTION CAN BE FINE TUNED BY

2726
01:40:21,560 --> 01:40:26,231
MODELING THE MEMBRANE

2727
01:40:26,231 --> 01:40:27,399
COMPOSITION, THE PANTANOIC ACID

2728
01:40:27,399 --> 01:40:29,735
CAUSED BY GAIN OF FUNCTION

2729
01:40:29,735 --> 01:40:34,740
MUTATIONS IN MICE, THAT THE

2730
01:40:34,740 --> 01:40:37,176
MARGARIC LOTION HAS THE ABILITY

2731
01:40:37,176 --> 01:40:38,477
TO AMELIOR 8 HYPER SENSITIVITY.

2732
01:40:38,477 --> 01:40:39,845
SO I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE

2733
01:40:39,845 --> 01:40:42,081
THE PEOPLE IN OUR GROUPS THAT

2734
01:40:42,081 --> 01:40:45,985
DID THE WORK, MISS ROMMER O,

2735
01:40:45,985 --> 01:40:47,519
WHICH IS GRADUATING A COUPLE

2736
01:40:47,519 --> 01:40:52,358
MONTH AGO, POST DOCS WHO DID ALL

2737
01:40:52,358 --> 01:41:02,101
THE ANIMAL WORK, MY

2738
01:41:02,101 --> 01:41:05,838
COLLABORATORS, CHECKISTS AND HE

2739
01:41:05,838 --> 01:41:07,439
WAS IMPLEMENTAL TO THE SCIENTIST

2740
01:41:07,439 --> 01:41:09,441
LOTION THAT DO NOT BURN THE SKIN

2741
01:41:09,441 --> 01:41:11,744
OF ANIMALS AND WE CAN HAVE

2742
01:41:11,744 --> 01:41:13,178
POSITIVE RESULTS AND WITH THIS I

2743
01:41:13,178 --> 01:41:18,083
WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU FOR YOUR

2744
01:41:18,083 --> 01:41:24,023
ATTENTION.

2745
01:41:24,023 --> 01:41:25,224
ANY QUESTIONS?

2746
01:41:25,224 --> 01:41:26,959
>> THANK YOU DR. VASQUEZ,

2747
01:41:26,959 --> 01:41:28,594
EXCITING TALK EMPLOY WE WILL NOW

2748
01:41:28,594 --> 01:41:32,564
OPEN UP TO GENERAL Q&A, BOTH

2749
01:41:32,564 --> 01:41:35,401
RECEIVING QUESTIONS FROM THE

2750
01:41:35,401 --> 01:41:37,669
PUBLIC WHO ARE ATTENDING

2751
01:41:37,669 --> 01:41:39,238
VIRTUALLY AND AS WELL AS THOSE

2752
01:41:39,238 --> 01:41:39,905
IN THE ROOM.

2753
01:41:39,905 --> 01:41:40,973
>> NICE TALK AND SUPER

2754
01:41:40,973 --> 01:41:42,007
INTERESTING WORK.

2755
01:41:42,007 --> 01:41:46,211
REFERRING TO THE DIFFERENCES YOU

2756
01:41:46,211 --> 01:41:48,881
SAW IN MODULATING SPECIFIC FATTY

2757
01:41:48,881 --> 01:41:52,584
ACIDS, I WONDER IF THERE'S ANY

2758
01:41:52,584 --> 01:41:53,318
DATA SHOWING PREFERRED

2759
01:41:53,318 --> 01:41:54,920
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THOSE FATTY

2760
01:41:54,920 --> 01:42:02,094
ACIDS AND DIFFERENT CHANNELS?

2761
01:42:02,094 --> 01:42:05,130
>> SO YES THERE ARE
CHANNELS

2762
01:42:05,130 --> 01:42:11,070
THAT ARE DIRECTLY MODULATED BY

2763
01:42:11,070 --> 01:42:13,972
FATTY ACIDS FOR EXAMPLE FOR

2764
01:42:13,972 --> 01:42:15,374
POTASSIUM CHANNELS BECAUSE

2765
01:42:15,374 --> 01:42:16,875
THEY'RE ACTIVATED BY

2766
01:42:16,875 --> 01:42:21,280
[INDISCERNIBLE] ACID, THERE IS

2767
01:42:21,280 --> 01:42:23,415
ALSO LIGAND GATED ION CHANNELS

2768
01:42:23,415 --> 01:42:25,918
WHICH HAS RECEPTORS ARE ALSO

2769
01:42:25,918 --> 01:42:27,553
MOTIVATED BY DHA IN THEIR

2770
01:42:27,553 --> 01:42:29,922
PARTICULAR CASE IT SEEMS TO BE

2771
01:42:29,922 --> 01:42:33,358
AGE RELATED TO DIRECT BINDING

2772
01:42:33,358 --> 01:42:34,293
AND ACTUALLY THERE ARE

2773
01:42:34,293 --> 01:42:35,627
STRUCTURES OF THOSE CHANNELS

2774
01:42:35,627 --> 01:42:39,665
WITH THOSE FATTY ACIDS BOUND TO

2775
01:42:39,665 --> 01:42:40,132
A POCKET.

2776
01:42:40,132 --> 01:42:44,169
IN THE CASE OF MECHANO SENSITIVE

2777
01:42:44,169 --> 01:42:47,473
ION CHANNELS, I'M NOT DISCARDING

2778
01:42:47,473 --> 01:42:49,141
100% THEY DO NOT BIND BUT WHAT

2779
01:42:49,141 --> 01:42:51,777
IT SEEMS BASED ON OUR DATA THAT

2780
01:42:51,777 --> 01:42:53,479
IS SOMETHING OF THE MECHANICAL

2781
01:42:53,479 --> 01:42:54,480
PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBRANE

2782
01:42:54,480 --> 01:42:57,983
BECAUSE WE SEE THE SAME EFFECT

2783
01:42:57,983 --> 01:42:59,885
ON PRO CARIOTIC MECHANO

2784
01:42:59,885 --> 01:43:01,653
SENSITIVE ION CHANNELS AS I SAID

2785
01:43:01,653 --> 01:43:05,324
THEY LOOK COMPLETELY DIFFERENT.

2786
01:43:05,324 --> 01:43:08,360
SO ACTUALLY IT LOOKS LIKE

2787
01:43:08,360 --> 01:43:09,661
[INDISCERNIBLE] BUT I WROTE A

2788
01:43:09,661 --> 01:43:11,396
FEW YEARS AGO IN WHICH WE TALK

2789
01:43:11,396 --> 01:43:12,131
ABOUT DIRECT AND INDIRECT

2790
01:43:12,131 --> 01:43:13,465
ACTIONS AND I THINK THOSE THINGS

2791
01:43:13,465 --> 01:43:14,933
COULD BE POSSIBLE AND THEY CAN

2792
01:43:14,933 --> 01:43:17,002
CO EXIST AS WELL.

2793
01:43:17,002 --> 01:43:19,037
BUT RIGHT NOW WE DON'T HAVE ANY

2794
01:43:19,037 --> 01:43:20,806
EVIDENCE AT LEAST IN MY LAB THAT

2795
01:43:20,806 --> 01:43:25,811
SUGJEFFS JEFF--SUGGESTS DIRECT

2796
01:43:25,811 --> 01:43:26,211
BINDING.

2797
01:43:26,211 --> 01:43:28,480
>> IF I MAY ASK 1 FOLLOW
UP

2798
01:43:28,480 --> 01:43:30,249
QUESTION, WITH RESPECT TO

2799
01:43:30,249 --> 01:43:31,750
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE

2800
01:43:31,750 --> 01:43:33,519
MEMBRANE YOU THINK IT'S A

2801
01:43:33,519 --> 01:43:34,019
STRAIGHT AHEAD STIFFNESS

2802
01:43:34,019 --> 01:43:35,721
RELATIONSHIP OR DO YOU THINK

2803
01:43:35,721 --> 01:43:37,156
THERE ARE VISITINGICAL ELASTIC

2804
01:43:37,156 --> 01:43:39,091
COMPONENTS THAT ALSO

2805
01:43:39,091 --> 01:43:40,225
DIFFERENTIALLY IMPACT

2806
01:43:40,225 --> 01:43:40,592
NABSOLUTELY.

2807
01:43:40,592 --> 01:43:43,195
YEAH, I DIDN'T INCLUDE THIS DOSE

2808
01:43:43,195 --> 01:43:46,165
SLIDES IN MY TALK BUT NOT ONLY

2809
01:43:46,165 --> 01:43:50,068
THAT, BECAUSE FOR EXAMPLE,

2810
01:43:50,068 --> 01:43:51,570
[INDISCERNIBLE] ACID, THEY

2811
01:43:51,570 --> 01:43:52,471
ENACTIVATE THE CHANNEL FASTER,

2812
01:43:52,471 --> 01:43:56,475
AND THEY MAKE THE MEMBRANE LESS

2813
01:43:56,475 --> 01:43:56,675
RIGID.

2814
01:43:56,675 --> 01:43:58,443
THE [INDISCERNIBLE] ACID HAVE

2815
01:43:58,443 --> 01:44:00,846
THE SAME EFFECT ON MECHANICAL

2816
01:44:00,846 --> 01:44:01,914
PROPERTIES BUT THEY HAVE A

2817
01:44:01,914 --> 01:44:03,549
DIFFERENT EFFECT ON CHANNEL

2818
01:44:03,549 --> 01:44:03,916
FUNCTION.

2819
01:44:03,916 --> 01:44:07,719
WE HAVE THE [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT

2820
01:44:07,719 --> 01:44:08,887
DEMONSTRATE THAT THAT IS NOT

2821
01:44:08,887 --> 01:44:11,657
ONLY THE STIFFNESS BUT ALSO HOW

2822
01:44:11,657 --> 01:44:13,025
COMPARATIVE ARE THE MEMBRANES SO

2823
01:44:13,025 --> 01:44:17,296
YOU CAN IMAGINE MEMBRANES WITH

2824
01:44:17,296 --> 01:44:19,164
MARGARIC ACID, FOR EXAMPLE ARE

2825
01:44:19,164 --> 01:44:20,699
ORGANIZED LIKE THIS, MORE LIKE

2826
01:44:20,699 --> 01:44:22,534
THAT, RIGHT, SO THOSE PROPERTIES

2827
01:44:22,534 --> 01:44:25,237
ARE DIFFERENT AND ALSO IF YOU

2828
01:44:25,237 --> 01:44:28,073
FOR EXAMPLE, APPLY HIT, THE

2829
01:44:28,073 --> 01:44:29,308
RESPONSE TO THOSE OF COURSE ARE

2830
01:44:29,308 --> 01:44:32,878
DIFFERENT AND BASED ON THE

2831
01:44:32,878 --> 01:44:34,046
SCHOLASTIC PROPERTIES, ALSO

2832
01:44:34,046 --> 01:44:35,414
ANOTHER PARAMETER I DIDN'T

2833
01:44:35,414 --> 01:44:36,582
MENTION BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE

2834
01:44:36,582 --> 01:44:37,783
ANY ON IT, YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT

2835
01:44:37,783 --> 01:44:41,353
YOU HAVE A MEMBRANE DOMAINS IN

2836
01:44:41,353 --> 01:44:44,890
WHICH FOR EXAMPLE, MEMBRANES IN

2837
01:44:44,890 --> 01:44:48,760
WHICH DHA WOULD HAVE OR NOT HAVE

2838
01:44:48,760 --> 01:44:49,361
[INDISCERNIBLE] CHANNELS AND

2839
01:44:49,361 --> 01:44:52,764
THEN HAVE YOU A PROBLEM OF

2840
01:44:52,764 --> 01:44:54,099
LOCATION, BUT WE HAVEN'T

2841
01:44:54,099 --> 01:44:55,367
EXPLORED THAT.

2842
01:44:55,367 --> 01:44:55,734
>> THANK YOU.

2843
01:44:55,734 --> 01:44:58,971
WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM DR. LANG

2844
01:44:58,971 --> 01:44:59,171
EVIN?

2845
01:44:59,171 --> 01:45:01,106
>> WE HAD A QUESTION OVER
THERE,

2846
01:45:01,106 --> 01:45:01,373
NO?

2847
01:45:01,373 --> 01:45:02,908
>> YES, SORRY CAN YOU HEAR
ME?

2848
01:45:02,908 --> 01:45:05,344
>> YES, WE CAN HEAR YOU,
YEAH,

2849
01:45:05,344 --> 01:45:07,379
WELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

2850
01:45:07,379 --> 01:45:10,048
WHAT ELEGANT WORK AND I HAVE A

2851
01:45:10,048 --> 01:45:11,149
QUESTION THAT REALLY A FOLLOW UP

2852
01:45:11,149 --> 01:45:14,620
TO THE PREVIOUS QUESTION ABOUT

2853
01:45:14,620 --> 01:45:15,787
THAT VISITINGICAL ELASTIC

2854
01:45:15,787 --> 01:45:18,190
PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBRANE SO WE

2855
01:45:18,190 --> 01:45:20,559
TYPICALLY TALK ABOUT CHANNELS,

2856
01:45:20,559 --> 01:45:22,394
LIKE CHANNELS FOR EXAMPLE, ARE

2857
01:45:22,394 --> 01:45:25,163
FORCED SENSORS THAT THEY SENSE

2858
01:45:25,163 --> 01:45:26,999
MECHANICAL FORCE BUT THERE'S THE

2859
01:45:26,999 --> 01:45:28,033
FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP OF

2860
01:45:28,033 --> 01:45:30,002
STRESS AND STRAIN BY FORCE,

2861
01:45:30,002 --> 01:45:31,103
STRESS BEING THE FORCE DIVIDED

2862
01:45:31,103 --> 01:45:33,171
BY THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA AND

2863
01:45:33,171 --> 01:45:35,440
STRAIN BEING THE CHAIN OF LENGTH

2864
01:45:35,440 --> 01:45:39,378
OVER THE INITIAL LENGTH. 

2865
01:45:39,378 --> 01:45:41,680
AND STIFFNESS IS WHAT RELATES

2866
01:45:41,680 --> 01:45:42,981
THOSE 2, RIGHT?

2867
01:45:42,981 --> 01:45:44,016
IT'S THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

2868
01:45:44,016 --> 01:45:45,884
FOR STRESS AND STRAIN IS THROUGH

2869
01:45:45,884 --> 01:45:51,823
STIFFNESS, SO IF YOU'RE--IF YOUR

2870
01:45:51,823 --> 01:45:52,457
CHANNEL IS--YOU'RE DEMONSTRATING

2871
01:45:52,457 --> 01:45:53,925
REALLY NOT JUST THE STIFFNESS

2872
01:45:53,925 --> 01:45:55,994
BUT THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

2873
01:45:55,994 --> 01:45:57,796
THE MEMBRANE SOUND LIKE THEY ARE

2874
01:45:57,796 --> 01:46:00,499
AFFECTING THE CHANNEL, DO YOU

2875
01:46:00,499 --> 01:46:03,101
THINK THIS WOULD SUGGEST THAT

2876
01:46:03,101 --> 01:46:05,304
WITH THE CHANNEL IS RESPONDING

2877
01:46:05,304 --> 01:46:11,343
TO IS MORE THE STRING OR

2878
01:46:11,343 --> 01:46:13,111
DEFORMATION OF THE STRAIN RATHER

2879
01:46:13,111 --> 01:46:13,879
THAN ITSELF?

2880
01:46:13,879 --> 01:46:16,415
IT MATTERS BECAUSE AS YOU'RE

2881
01:46:16,415 --> 01:46:17,649
DEMONSTRATING THE MEMBRANE

2882
01:46:17,649 --> 01:46:21,486
ITSELF WILL CHANGE HOW THE--HOW

2883
01:46:21,486 --> 01:46:25,257
THE--THE SAME FORCE IS GOING TO

2884
01:46:25,257 --> 01:46:27,426
BE FELT AND RESPONDED TO TOO BY

2885
01:46:27,426 --> 01:46:28,493
THE CHANNEL.

2886
01:46:28,493 --> 01:46:29,695
IT SOUNDED A LITTLE ACADEMIC BUT

2887
01:46:29,695 --> 01:46:31,763
I THINK THIS IS IMPORTANT?

2888
01:46:31,763 --> 01:46:33,832
>> YEAH, IT IS VERY
IMPORTANT.

2889
01:46:33,832 --> 01:46:34,466
UNFORTUNATELY WE DON'T HAVE THE

2890
01:46:34,466 --> 01:46:36,101
TOOLS IN THE LAB TO STUDY THAT

2891
01:46:36,101 --> 01:46:37,402
BUT WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE THAT

2892
01:46:37,402 --> 01:46:40,372
OUR COLLEAGUES IN THE MECHANO

2893
01:46:40,372 --> 01:46:41,840
SENSITIVE ION CHANNEL FIELD, FOR

2894
01:46:41,840 --> 01:46:44,676
EXAMPLE, FROM THE LABORATORY OF

2895
01:46:44,676 --> 01:46:49,047
BORIS MARTIN AT CHARLES COX

2896
01:46:49,047 --> 01:46:50,215
[INDISCERNIBLE] AT DUKE, THEY

2897
01:46:50,215 --> 01:46:53,318
HAVE DETERMINE THAD PIEZO1 AND

2898
01:46:53,318 --> 01:46:58,957
2, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT THEY DO

2899
01:46:58,957 --> 01:47:01,326
RESPOND TO CHANGES IN LATERAL

2900
01:47:01,326 --> 01:47:03,962
TENSION THEY HAVE DONE ALL OF

2901
01:47:03,962 --> 01:47:06,932
THE QUANTIFICATION TO

2902
01:47:06,932 --> 01:47:08,233
CHARACTERIZE THE--AS YOU CALL IT

2903
01:47:08,233 --> 01:47:13,105
THE ACADEMIC PART OF THIS

2904
01:47:13,105 --> 01:47:14,239
MODULATION OF PIEZO-CHANNELS.

2905
01:47:14,239 --> 01:47:15,841
SO IN MY LAB UNTIL RECENTLY WAS

2906
01:47:15,841 --> 01:47:18,110
VERY SMALL SO WE HAD ONLY

2907
01:47:18,110 --> 01:47:19,845
OPPORTUNITY TO USE THIS

2908
01:47:19,845 --> 01:47:22,080
PLACEMENT CLAMP IN WHICH

2909
01:47:22,080 --> 01:47:25,150
ESSENTIALLY JUST INDENTED THE

2910
01:47:25,150 --> 01:47:28,320
NEURONS OR THE CELLS BUT IMEAN

2911
01:47:28,320 --> 01:47:31,189
WE DID NOT STUDY CHANGES IN THE

2912
01:47:31,189 --> 01:47:34,826
STRAIN SO WE WERE MORE

2913
01:47:34,826 --> 01:47:36,828
CONCENTRATED ON THE CONTENT OF

2914
01:47:36,828 --> 01:47:38,463
THESE FATTY ACIDS IN THE PLASMA

2915
01:47:38,463 --> 01:47:41,233
MEMBRANE BUT WE CAN, YOU KNOW

2916
01:47:41,233 --> 01:47:42,334
MAYBE DISCUSS LATER AND TALK

2917
01:47:42,334 --> 01:47:44,603
ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE'S WORK THAT

2918
01:47:44,603 --> 01:47:46,972
HAVE FED OUR STORIES.

2919
01:47:46,972 --> 01:47:47,406
>> THANK YOU.

2920
01:47:47,406 --> 01:47:48,940
IF I COULD JUST QUICKLY FOLLOW

2921
01:47:48,940 --> 01:47:49,241
UP.

2922
01:47:49,241 --> 01:47:51,877
I THINK THIS IS SO FUNDAMENTA

2923
01:47:51,877 --> 01:47:56,548
AND IF THERE ARE OTHER--FOR

2924
01:47:56,548 --> 01:47:59,084
EXAMPLE, CHANGES IN THE EXTRA

2925
01:47:59,084 --> 01:47:59,718
CELLULAR MATRIX, RIGHT, RIGHT

2926
01:47:59,718 --> 01:48:01,219
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL COULD ALSO

2927
01:48:01,219 --> 01:48:05,524
HAVE THE SIMILAR EFFECT BY

2928
01:48:05,524 --> 01:48:06,291
STIFFENING, RIGHT?

2929
01:48:06,291 --> 01:48:06,691
>> ABSOLUTELY.

2930
01:48:06,691 --> 01:48:07,926
SO I DIDN'T HAVE TIME TO SHOW IT

2931
01:48:07,926 --> 01:48:11,763
BUT THE WAY THAT PIEZO2, SO IT

2932
01:48:11,763 --> 01:48:14,966
REQUIRES FOR EXAMPLE MORE

2933
01:48:14,966 --> 01:48:17,702
MAGARIC ACID THAT BE INHIBITED

2934
01:48:17,702 --> 01:48:18,270
THAN PIEZO 1.

2935
01:48:18,270 --> 01:48:20,739
AND WE HAVE DATA DEMON TRAIT

2936
01:48:20,739 --> 01:48:24,075
THAGOREAN IT'S VERY IMPORTANT

2937
01:48:24,075 --> 01:48:24,776
INTERACTION WITH THE

2938
01:48:24,776 --> 01:48:26,478
CYTOSKELETON, WE AND OTHERS, NOT

2939
01:48:26,478 --> 01:48:26,711
ONLY US.

2940
01:48:26,711 --> 01:48:28,180
BUT WE HAD TO START SOMEWHERE,

2941
01:48:28,180 --> 01:48:28,447
RIGHT?

2942
01:48:28,447 --> 01:48:31,917
WE HAD TO FIND AN EXCUSE TO KEEP

2943
01:48:31,917 --> 01:48:33,685
STUDYING THESE BECAUSE AS FAR AS

2944
01:48:33,685 --> 01:48:35,821
I KNOW NO 1 DEMONSTRATED THIS

2945
01:48:35,821 --> 01:48:37,289
BEFORE AND I AGREE WITH YOU,

2946
01:48:37,289 --> 01:48:38,490
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT

2947
01:48:38,490 --> 01:48:39,458
FUNDAMENTAL AND WE NEED TO KNOW

2948
01:48:39,458 --> 01:48:44,029
BUT I DON'T HAVE THE ANSWER

2949
01:48:44,029 --> 01:48:48,233
RIGHT NOW.

2950
01:48:48,233 --> 01:48:49,501
>> THANK YOU.

2951
01:48:49,501 --> 01:48:50,469
>> QUICK QUESTION.

2952
01:48:50,469 --> 01:48:50,769
GREAT TALK.

2953
01:48:50,769 --> 01:48:54,773
I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT, YOU SAY

2954
01:48:54,773 --> 01:48:58,410
THAT THE MARGARIC ACID INCREASES

2955
01:48:58,410 --> 01:48:59,945
FORCE THRESHOLDS--

2956
01:48:59,945 --> 01:49:02,747
>> INCREASES WHAT, I'M
SORRY?

2957
01:49:02,747 --> 01:49:04,416
>> INCREASES THE FORCE

2958
01:49:04,416 --> 01:49:05,784
THRESHOLDS REQUIRED DO YOU THINK

2959
01:49:05,784 --> 01:49:07,185
IT'S BECAUSE IT'S SOFTENING THE

2960
01:49:07,185 --> 01:49:10,522
CELL TISSUE OR IT'S STIFFENING?

2961
01:49:10,522 --> 01:49:11,690
>> IT'S STIFFENING.

2962
01:49:11,690 --> 01:49:13,225
>> IT'S STIFFENING.

2963
01:49:13,225 --> 01:49:13,692
>> IT'S STIFFENING.

2964
01:49:13,692 --> 01:49:17,395
>> SO IF YOU PUT THIS ON
THE

2965
01:49:17,395 --> 01:49:18,864
SKIN NONNEURONNAL SKIN, WILL IT

2966
01:49:18,864 --> 01:49:21,533
SOFTEN THE SKIN OR WILL IT

2967
01:49:21,533 --> 01:49:22,133
STIFFEN THE SKIN?

2968
01:49:22,133 --> 01:49:23,502
>> I DON'T KNOW THAT'S AN

2969
01:49:23,502 --> 01:49:25,604
EXCELLENT QUESTION.

2970
01:49:25,604 --> 01:49:28,173
I CAN HYPOTHESIZE, THESE

2971
01:49:28,173 --> 01:49:31,409
EXPERIMENTS WE ALSO HAVE DONE IT

2972
01:49:31,409 --> 01:49:33,144
IN [INDISCERNIBLE] CELL

2973
01:49:33,144 --> 01:49:34,479
CARCINOMA CELL LINES MCC13 CELL

2974
01:49:34,479 --> 01:49:36,114
LINES WHICH I KNOW IS NOT SKIN,

2975
01:49:36,114 --> 01:49:37,649
IT'S JUST A CULTURE BUT WE HAVE

2976
01:49:37,649 --> 01:49:41,653
THE SAME EFFECT THAT WE SEE IN

2977
01:49:41,653 --> 01:49:43,922
NEURONS WE HAVEN'T MEASURED THE

2978
01:49:43,922 --> 01:49:45,957
STIFFNESS OF THE SKIN OF THE

2979
01:49:45,957 --> 01:49:48,693
ANIMALS AFTER 28 DAYS OF

2980
01:49:48,693 --> 01:49:49,828
MARGARIC ACID, I WOULD ASSUME

2981
01:49:49,828 --> 01:49:51,429
THEY HAVE THE SAME EFFECT

2982
01:49:51,429 --> 01:49:56,601
BECAUSE IT'S FATTY ACIDS AND

2983
01:49:56,601 --> 01:49:58,370
IT'S WELL REPORTED IS WE SEE

2984
01:49:58,370 --> 01:50:00,739
EVERYWHERE WE USE THAT MAKES THE

2985
01:50:00,739 --> 01:50:03,842
MEMBRANES MORE STIFF BUT I DON'T

2986
01:50:03,842 --> 01:50:07,746
KNOW, I CANNOT GUARANTEE THAT'S

2987
01:50:07,746 --> 01:50:08,613
GOING TO HAPPEN.

2988
01:50:08,613 --> 01:50:09,281
>> OKAY, THANK YOU.

2989
01:50:09,281 --> 01:50:11,750
WELL THE'S TAKE A QUESTION FROM

2990
01:50:11,750 --> 01:50:12,684
THE VIDEOCAST AUDIENCE,

2991
01:50:12,684 --> 01:50:13,985
DR. VASQUEZ DO YOU HAVE ANY

2992
01:50:13,985 --> 01:50:17,122
THEORIES AS TO WHERE THE MECHANO

2993
01:50:17,122 --> 01:50:19,024
SENSITIVE CHANNELS DON'T SHARE

2994
01:50:19,024 --> 01:50:21,793
ANY HOMOLOGYYS OR CONSERVATIONS

2995
01:50:21,793 --> 01:50:22,327
ACROSS SPECIES?

2996
01:50:22,327 --> 01:50:25,797
>> OH MY GOD, YEAH, I AM

2997
01:50:25,797 --> 01:50:29,034
REPRESENTING MYSELF SO THESE ARE

2998
01:50:29,034 --> 01:50:29,901
ONLY MY OPINIONS.

2999
01:50:29,901 --> 01:50:32,837
SO I DON'T THINK IT'S KNOWN.

3000
01:50:32,837 --> 01:50:35,840
YOU CAN GO BOTH WAYS.

3001
01:50:35,840 --> 01:50:39,911
YOU CAN SAY THERE'S CONVERGENCE

3002
01:50:39,911 --> 01:50:40,579
OR DIVERGENCE, RIGHT?

3003
01:50:40,579 --> 01:50:43,348
YOU CAN THINK ALL MEMBRANE

3004
01:50:43,348 --> 01:50:44,549
PROTONES WERE MECHANO SENSITIVE

3005
01:50:44,549 --> 01:50:46,885
AND THEY WERE LOSING THAT--DON'T

3006
01:50:46,885 --> 01:50:49,621
QUOTE ME ON THIS, SO THEY LOST

3007
01:50:49,621 --> 01:50:51,890
THAT ABILITY WITH TIME OR THE

3008
01:50:51,890 --> 01:50:53,258
OTHER WAY AROUND.

3009
01:50:53,258 --> 01:50:53,858
I DON'T KNOW.

3010
01:50:53,858 --> 01:50:56,194
I DON'T KNOW.

3011
01:50:56,194 --> 01:50:59,931
BUT IT'S PUZZLING BECAUSE AGAIN

3012
01:50:59,931 --> 01:51:03,335
THEY LOOK TO IMPORTANTLY, THE

3013
01:51:03,335 --> 01:51:05,203
POTASSIUM CHANNELS OR THEY DON'T

3014
01:51:05,203 --> 01:51:06,738
LIKE LIKE MSCL, OR

3015
01:51:06,738 --> 01:51:07,439
[INDISCERNIBLE] SO YES.

3016
01:51:07,439 --> 01:51:09,874
NMAYBE JUST TO FOLLOW UP ON THAT

3017
01:51:09,874 --> 01:51:12,677
QUESTION, IS THERE ANY CONSERVED

3018
01:51:12,677 --> 01:51:15,046
MOTIFS ACROSS THOSE--

3019
01:51:15,046 --> 01:51:15,447
>> NO.

3020
01:51:15,447 --> 01:51:17,182
NOT AT ALL NTHEY LOOKED VERY

3021
01:51:17,182 --> 01:51:18,717
DIFFERENT IN THE DIAGRAM SHE

3022
01:51:18,717 --> 01:51:21,019
SHARED, YEAH. 

3023
01:51:21,019 --> 01:51:24,623
>> SO THERE IS NO GENE
WIDE GGOR

3024
01:51:24,623 --> 01:51:25,924
DD, OR SOMETHING, NOTHING.

3025
01:51:25,924 --> 01:51:27,459
WE TRIED AND WE REALLY LOOKED

3026
01:51:27,459 --> 01:51:29,894
FOR IT, WHEN I SAY WE THE

3027
01:51:29,894 --> 01:51:32,063
COMMUNITY BUT THERE IS NO, NOT

3028
01:51:32,063 --> 01:51:32,397
WHATSOEVER.

3029
01:51:32,397 --> 01:51:38,637
AND IN THE CASE OF C.ELEGANS

3030
01:51:38,637 --> 01:51:40,238
BECAUSE IT'S 1 CHANNEL COMPLEX.

3031
01:51:40,238 --> 01:51:42,340
SO INDICATING YOU CAN HAVE THE

3032
01:51:42,340 --> 01:51:43,742
SAME FUNCTION TO PUT TOGETHER

3033
01:51:43,742 --> 01:51:50,782
WITH VARIOUS MEMBRANE PROTEINS.

3034
01:51:50,782 --> 01:51:52,350
>> DR. LANG EVIN.

3035
01:51:52,350 --> 01:51:53,852
>> YEAH, THANK YOU, VERY

3036
01:51:53,852 --> 01:51:55,320
INTERESTING TALK, COULD YOU

3037
01:51:55,320 --> 01:51:56,187
CERTAINLY--CERTAINLY LABERATEOT

3038
01:51:56,187 --> 01:51:57,288
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

3039
01:51:57,288 --> 01:51:59,824
SENSITIVITY OF THE PIEZO2

3040
01:51:59,824 --> 01:52:00,525
CHANNEL AND INFLAMMATION?

3041
01:52:00,525 --> 01:52:03,428
BECAUSE IT SOUNDS LOAMACYIC IF

3042
01:52:03,428 --> 01:52:08,733
THERE IS AN INFLAMMATORY

3043
01:52:08,733 --> 01:52:10,502
ENVIRONMENT THEN DOES IT

3044
01:52:10,502 --> 01:52:11,903
MATTER--IT SEEMS LIKE THEN THE

3045
01:52:11,903 --> 01:52:14,072
ION CHANNEL WILL BE MORE

3046
01:52:14,072 --> 01:52:15,473
SENSITIVE, RIGHT?

3047
01:52:15,473 --> 01:52:19,811
AND HOW DOES THAT INTERACT WITH

3048
01:52:19,811 --> 01:52:23,515
THE AMOUNT OF [INDISCERNIBLE]?

3049
01:52:23,515 --> 01:52:26,351
>> OOH, OKAY, OKAY.

3050
01:52:26,351 --> 01:52:30,555
SO, THE SENSITIZATION AFTER

3051
01:52:30,555 --> 01:52:32,857
INFLAMMATION ACARDING TO OUR

3052
01:52:32,857 --> 01:52:34,259
PAPER WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] WITH

3053
01:52:34,259 --> 01:52:37,062
OUR OWN RESULTS REPLICATING HIS

3054
01:52:37,062 --> 01:52:39,698
HAPPENED REGARDLESS OF THE FATTY

3055
01:52:39,698 --> 01:52:39,898
ACID.

3056
01:52:39,898 --> 01:52:43,368
WE THEN DOO [INDISCERNIBLE] FOR

3057
01:52:43,368 --> 01:52:51,376
THAT 1 BUT--SO AS I UNDERSTAND

3058
01:52:51,376 --> 01:52:53,078
BRADYKINEIN ENHANCES PIEZOR 2,

3059
01:52:53,078 --> 01:52:57,382
THE FORMULATION OF THE PKCA AND

3060
01:52:57,382 --> 01:52:59,317
PC K, I DON'T KNOW IF PEOPLE

3061
01:52:59,317 --> 01:53:01,453
KNOW ALREADY WHICH IS POPULATED

3062
01:53:01,453 --> 01:53:05,323
OR WHICH AMINO ACIDS BUT THE

3063
01:53:05,323 --> 01:53:07,058
MARGARIC ACID ENRICHMENT HAPPENS

3064
01:53:07,058 --> 01:53:09,327
IN THE PLAZ MIDS MIDDOMAIN.

3065
01:53:09,327 --> 01:53:11,096
SO IT'S 2 DIFFERENT DOMAINS, I

3066
01:53:11,096 --> 01:53:12,130
DON'T KNOW ANY INTERACTION

3067
01:53:12,130 --> 01:53:17,802
BETWEEN THAT AND THE PKC, PKA

3068
01:53:17,802 --> 01:53:20,238
PHOSPHORYLATION SITES.

3069
01:53:20,238 --> 01:53:20,672
>> GOT IT.

3070
01:53:20,672 --> 01:53:21,840
THE REASON FOR THIS QUESTION WAS

3071
01:53:21,840 --> 01:53:25,210
IN GENERAL THERE ARE POPULATIONS

3072
01:53:25,210 --> 01:53:25,977
LIKE DIABETIC POPULATIONS WHERE

3073
01:53:25,977 --> 01:53:27,212
THERE'S A LOT OF INFLAMMATION

3074
01:53:27,212 --> 01:53:30,014
AND THEY HAVE GREATER PAIN

3075
01:53:30,014 --> 01:53:30,648
SENSITIVITY, GREATER STIFFNESS

3076
01:53:30,648 --> 01:53:32,817
AND I WAS JUST WONDERING IF SOME

3077
01:53:32,817 --> 01:53:36,621
OF THE MECHANISMS THAT YOU HAVE

3078
01:53:36,621 --> 01:53:38,523
BEEN STUDYING CAN SHED SOME

3079
01:53:38,523 --> 01:53:40,024
LIGHT ON WHY?

3080
01:53:40,024 --> 01:53:41,860
>> NOT YET, BUT YEAH.

3081
01:53:41,860 --> 01:53:44,229
I KNOW WHERE YOU'RE COMING FROM,

3082
01:53:44,229 --> 01:53:45,697
THERE ARE CERTAIN AGING

3083
01:53:45,697 --> 01:53:47,499
POPULATIONS THAT BECOME EITHER

3084
01:53:47,499 --> 01:53:49,534
LESS SENSITIVE OR MORE SENSITIVE

3085
01:53:49,534 --> 01:53:51,703
TO PAIN.

3086
01:53:51,703 --> 01:53:55,406
AND I CAN IMAGINE THEIR FATTY

3087
01:53:55,406 --> 01:53:58,710
ACID METABOLISM CHANGING WITH

3088
01:53:58,710 --> 01:54:02,814
TIME ALSO NEURONS, SO MANY

3089
01:54:02,814 --> 01:54:03,748
THINGS COULD HAPPEN, BUT I DON'T

3090
01:54:03,748 --> 01:54:05,049
HAVE THE ANSWER TO THAT BUT I

3091
01:54:05,049 --> 01:54:06,851
CAN SEE THAT HAPPENING OF

3092
01:54:06,851 --> 01:54:08,920
COURSE. 

3093
01:54:08,920 --> 01:54:09,821
>> THANK YOU.

3094
01:54:09,821 --> 01:54:12,457
>> OKAY, LET'S GO TO
ANOTHER

3095
01:54:12,457 --> 01:54:14,626
QUESTION FROM THE VIDEOCAST.

3096
01:54:14,626 --> 01:54:16,027
SO YOUR TRANSLATIONAL WORK IS

3097
01:54:16,027 --> 01:54:18,229
VERY INTERESTING AND HAS BROUGHT

3098
01:54:18,229 --> 01:54:18,763
IMPLICATIONS.

3099
01:54:18,763 --> 01:54:22,734
DO YOU HAVE ANY PLANS FOR FUTURE

3100
01:54:22,734 --> 01:54:24,469
EXPERIMENTS COMPARING MARGARIC

3101
01:54:24,469 --> 01:54:27,372
LOTIONS TO CAP ASSESSINGIN

3102
01:54:27,372 --> 01:54:29,641
CREAMS OR OTHER LOTION FOR PAIN

3103
01:54:29,641 --> 01:54:31,609
MANAGEMENT IN HUMAN TRIALS.

3104
01:54:31,609 --> 01:54:33,478
AND GIIVE YOUR LAB'S BACKGROUND

3105
01:54:33,478 --> 01:54:39,017
DO YOU PLAN TO USE IT IN ANIMAL

3106
01:54:39,017 --> 01:54:39,350
STUDIES FIRST?

3107
01:54:39,350 --> 01:54:41,319
WHAT'S YOUR PLAN ARE IF

3108
01:54:41,319 --> 01:54:43,254
EVALUATING THE MODELS OF THESE

3109
01:54:43,254 --> 01:54:45,256
LOTIONS ON HEAT MODELS?

3110
01:54:45,256 --> 01:54:46,758
>> YES, SO I DON'T HAVE
ANY

3111
01:54:46,758 --> 01:54:48,760
PLANS BUT I'M ALWAYS LOOKING FOR

3112
01:54:48,760 --> 01:54:52,263
WORK TO HAVE COLLABORATIONS. 

3113
01:54:52,263 --> 01:54:54,465
I DON'T HAVE THE MIND SET TO DO

3114
01:54:54,465 --> 01:54:59,270
THOSE EXPERIMENTS IN HUMANS,

3115
01:54:59,270 --> 01:55:00,004
ACTUALLY.

3116
01:55:00,004 --> 01:55:02,941
WE WERE APPROACHED BY A COUPLE

3117
01:55:02,941 --> 01:55:05,577
COMPANIES WHEN WE FILE THE PAD

3118
01:55:05,577 --> 01:55:07,445
PATENT AND WE HAVE A LICENSE

3119
01:55:07,445 --> 01:55:09,347
[INDISCERNIBLE] I DON'T THINK I

3120
01:55:09,347 --> 01:55:10,915
CAN CLAIM THIS BUT ANYWAYS,

3121
01:55:10,915 --> 01:55:12,984
PEOPLE ARE WORKING WITH THE

3122
01:55:12,984 --> 01:55:14,419
LOTION.

3123
01:55:14,419 --> 01:55:20,058
I WOULD LIKE TO TRY CBD AND

3124
01:55:20,058 --> 01:55:21,559
MAGARIC AND I WOULD LIKE TO TRY

3125
01:55:21,559 --> 01:55:23,695
ALL THOSE THINGS SO I DON'T HAVE

3126
01:55:23,695 --> 01:55:24,629
EXPERTISE SO IT WOULD REQUIRE

3127
01:55:24,629 --> 01:55:25,797
SOMEONE WHO WANTS TO DO WORK

3128
01:55:25,797 --> 01:55:27,565
WITH SOMEONE WHO KNOWS PHYSICS

3129
01:55:27,565 --> 01:55:28,867
AND PHYSIOLOGY TO,A PLIE IT, I

3130
01:55:28,867 --> 01:55:31,269
DON'T EVEN KNOW HOW TO RECRUIT

3131
01:55:31,269 --> 01:55:32,237
HUMANS FOR A CLINICAL TRIAL FOR

3132
01:55:32,237 --> 01:55:33,137
THAT MATTER.

3133
01:55:33,137 --> 01:55:34,639
SO THAT'S 1 OF THE REASONS WHY

3134
01:55:34,639 --> 01:55:37,775
ALEX AND I STARTED THIS SHORT

3135
01:55:37,775 --> 01:55:38,209
COLLABORATION.

3136
01:55:38,209 --> 01:55:39,510
I THINK HE WAS AROUND FOR 2

3137
01:55:39,510 --> 01:55:41,746
YEARS AND I THINK WE ACCOMPLISH

3138
01:55:41,746 --> 01:55:44,816
A LOT BUT WE DON'T HAVE MORE

3139
01:55:44,816 --> 01:55:45,149
GAS.

3140
01:55:45,149 --> 01:55:47,986
>> CAN I ASK A VERY
TECHNICAL

3141
01:55:47,986 --> 01:55:49,821
QUESTION, FDA, SO DOES THIS

3142
01:55:49,821 --> 01:55:51,256
REQUIRE FDA APPROVAL BEFORE?

3143
01:55:51,256 --> 01:55:52,557
>> I THINK SO, THAT'S 1 OF
THE

3144
01:55:52,557 --> 01:55:54,559
THINGS THAT WAS PUZZLING TO ME

3145
01:55:54,559 --> 01:55:57,929
BECAUSE I THOUGHT BEING A

3146
01:55:57,929 --> 01:55:58,663
NATURAL PRODUCT WOULDN'T NEED

3147
01:55:58,663 --> 01:56:02,233
BUT I THINK IT DOES.

3148
01:56:02,233 --> 01:56:03,234
AGAIN, I NEVER--MAY BE I DON'T

3149
01:56:03,234 --> 01:56:08,273
KNOW HOW TO ASK BUT I NEVER HAVE

3150
01:56:08,273 --> 01:56:14,178
RECEIVED 100 PERCENT YES, NEED

3151
01:56:14,178 --> 01:56:17,749
IT OR YOU DON'T NEED IT BUT IT'S

3152
01:56:17,749 --> 01:56:20,518
A NATURAL PRODUCT SO I'M NOT

3153
01:56:20,518 --> 01:56:20,818
SURE.

3154
01:56:20,818 --> 01:56:21,920
>> YEAH, USUALLY IT'S SAFE
IF

3155
01:56:21,920 --> 01:56:24,355
THE FDA THINKS THERE'S ENOUGH

3156
01:56:24,355 --> 01:56:26,090
HISTORICAL INFORMATION CAN IT

3157
01:56:26,090 --> 01:56:28,860
CAN BE CATEGORIZED AS GRASS BUT

3158
01:56:28,860 --> 01:56:29,928
THAT'S AN FDA QUESTION, I GUESS

3159
01:56:29,928 --> 01:56:31,496
THAT WOULD BE SOMETHING TO ASK

3160
01:56:31,496 --> 01:56:32,230
THE FDA.

3161
01:56:32,230 --> 01:56:33,965
NYEAH, YEAH, WELL IF YOU KNOW

3162
01:56:33,965 --> 01:56:35,466
SOMEONE THAT WOULD BE GREAT.

3163
01:56:35,466 --> 01:56:40,305
>> SO THE OTHER THING TO
THINK

3164
01:56:40,305 --> 01:56:43,007
ABOUT PIEZO2 IS I THINK IS ALSO

3165
01:56:43,007 --> 01:56:46,878
INVOLVED, IT IS INVOLVED IN

3166
01:56:46,878 --> 01:56:48,613
GENTLE TOUCH AND [INDISCERNIBLE]

3167
01:56:48,613 --> 01:56:51,316
TOUCH AND MAYBE YOU CAN MAKE A

3168
01:56:51,316 --> 01:56:53,184
LOTION THAT HAS POTENTIAL FOR

3169
01:56:53,184 --> 01:56:54,886
OTHER THING THAT CONNECT WITH

3170
01:56:54,886 --> 01:57:05,430
PEOPLE THAT LACK TOUCH,

3171
01:57:05,430 --> 01:57:06,497
RESPONSES, RIGHT?

3172
01:57:06,497 --> 01:57:08,299
>> YES, BACK TO YOUR MICE
JUST

3173
01:57:08,299 --> 01:57:09,367
FOR 1 MORE QUESTION AND MAYBE

3174
01:57:09,367 --> 01:57:11,402
YOU COVERED THIS AND I MISSED

3175
01:57:11,402 --> 01:57:13,071
IT, BUT HAVE YOU LOOKED AT OR DO

3176
01:57:13,071 --> 01:57:18,743
YOU PLAN TO LOOK AT THE ACTIVITY

3177
01:57:18,743 --> 01:57:21,646
OF THE RECEPTORS IN THE PRESENCE

3178
01:57:21,646 --> 01:57:24,983
AND ABSENCE OF INFLAMMATION.

3179
01:57:24,983 --> 01:57:29,187
SO, YOU KNOW CREATING AN

3180
01:57:29,187 --> 01:57:30,088
INFLAMMATORY VERSUS

3181
01:57:30,088 --> 01:57:30,822
NONINFLAMMATORY ENVIRONMENT

3182
01:57:30,822 --> 01:57:31,889
EITHER IN VIVO OR INVITRO AND

3183
01:57:31,889 --> 01:57:36,294
LOOKING TO SEE THE IMPACT OF THE

3184
01:57:36,294 --> 01:57:38,396
MANIPULATIONS AND THE LOTION

3185
01:57:38,396 --> 01:57:38,863
OR--

3186
01:57:38,863 --> 01:57:39,864
>> YEAH, WE HAVEN'T DONE
IT BUT

3187
01:57:39,864 --> 01:57:41,466
THAT'S SOMETHING WE WOULD LIKE

3188
01:57:41,466 --> 01:57:42,200
TO DO.

3189
01:57:42,200 --> 01:57:44,335
ACTUALLY, SO, MAYBE THIS IS A

3190
01:57:44,335 --> 01:57:46,537
LAME EXCUSE BUT I MOVE MY LAB 1

3191
01:57:46,537 --> 01:57:48,272
YEAR AGO, SO NOW I'M STARTING

3192
01:57:48,272 --> 01:57:51,175
ALL OVER AGAIN IN A NEW PLACE.

3193
01:57:51,175 --> 01:57:53,244
AND I'M--I THINK I'M IN A BETTER

3194
01:57:53,244 --> 01:57:54,679
PLACE FOR THOSE TYPE OF SPRMS

3195
01:57:54,679 --> 01:57:55,780
BECAUSE THERE IS MORE PEOPLE

3196
01:57:55,780 --> 01:57:58,916
WORKING WITH PAIN AT THE

3197
01:57:58,916 --> 01:58:00,251
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOUSTON.

3198
01:58:00,251 --> 01:58:02,720
SO THAT'S THE HOPE.

3199
01:58:02,720 --> 01:58:12,897
THANK YOU.

3200
01:58:13,197 --> 01:58:14,499
>> GO AHEAD PETER.

3201
01:58:14,499 --> 01:58:15,466
>> I COULDN'T RESIST.

3202
01:58:15,466 --> 01:58:17,268
I WAS WONDERING WHAT YOUR

3203
01:58:17,268 --> 01:58:20,505
THOUGHTS ARE ON THESE ELEGANT

3204
01:58:20,505 --> 01:58:24,142
EXPERIMENTS YOU'VE DONE INVITRO

3205
01:58:24,142 --> 01:58:27,211
WITH ISOLATED CELLS COMPARED TO

3206
01:58:27,211 --> 01:58:28,646
THE IN VIVO ENVIRONMENT IN

3207
01:58:28,646 --> 01:58:30,715
PARTICULAR WHEN YOU HAVE NEURONS

3208
01:58:30,715 --> 01:58:32,517
WITHIN AN EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX

3209
01:58:32,517 --> 01:58:35,686
SO THIS IS SOMEWHAT OF A FOLLOW

3210
01:58:35,686 --> 01:58:38,556
UP TO THE QUESTION THAT DR. LANG

3211
01:58:38,556 --> 01:58:40,925
EVIN AND DR. [INDISCERNIBLE]

3212
01:58:40,925 --> 01:58:43,728
ASKED ABOUT HOW THE

3213
01:58:43,728 --> 01:58:47,932
PIEZO-CHANNELS ARE RESPOND

3214
01:58:47,932 --> 01:58:49,233
NOTHING A MEMBRANE BUT WHAT WAS

3215
01:58:49,233 --> 01:58:50,635
REALLY IN AN EXTRA CELLULAR

3216
01:58:50,635 --> 01:58:51,869
MATRIX AND I WAS SPECIFICALLY

3217
01:58:51,869 --> 01:58:53,704
INTERESTED IN THE ROLE THAT

3218
01:58:53,704 --> 01:58:55,440
INTEGRINS PLAY IN THAT BECAUSE

3219
01:58:55,440 --> 01:58:58,976
WE HAVE DATA ALONG TIME AGO NOW

3220
01:58:58,976 --> 01:59:01,145
WHERE IF YOU--SINCE YOU BLOCK

3221
01:59:01,145 --> 01:59:03,047
THE INTEGRINS FROM THEIR

3222
01:59:03,047 --> 01:59:05,450
FUNCTION, YOU CHANGE

3223
01:59:05,450 --> 01:59:06,951
DRAMATICALLY, YOU INHIBIT THE

3224
01:59:06,951 --> 01:59:09,253
NEURONS THAT THESE ARE TOUCH

3225
01:59:09,253 --> 01:59:10,555
NEURONS, YOU INHIBIT THEIR

3226
01:59:10,555 --> 01:59:11,989
RESPONSE, AND SO I'M JUST

3227
01:59:11,989 --> 01:59:16,127
WONDERING WHERE YOU GO FROM

3228
01:59:16,127 --> 01:59:17,395
THESE ELEGANT INVITRO ISOLATED

3229
01:59:17,395 --> 01:59:20,164
CELLS TO I REALIZE YOU'RE DOING

3230
01:59:20,164 --> 01:59:20,998
THAT WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] HERE

3231
01:59:20,998 --> 01:59:27,171
BUT YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT?

3232
01:59:27,171 --> 01:59:28,806
>> SO I AGREE WITH YOU.

3233
01:59:28,806 --> 01:59:33,578
I HAVE COLLEAGUES THAT HAVE

3234
01:59:33,578 --> 01:59:38,983
MEASURE THE MOBILITY OF

3235
01:59:38,983 --> 01:59:42,653
PIEZO2,--SORRY OF PIEZO1, NOT 2,

3236
01:59:42,653 --> 01:59:45,723
IN MEMBRANE RESIDENT REACH WITH

3237
01:59:45,723 --> 01:59:47,892
MARGARIC ACID, THEY SEEM TO MOVE

3238
01:59:47,892 --> 01:59:51,963
LESS AS WELL SO IMAGINE NOT

3239
01:59:51,963 --> 01:59:53,931
ONLY--YOU ARE EVOKING LESS

3240
01:59:53,931 --> 01:59:55,533
RESPONSES BY INDENTATION BUT

3241
01:59:55,533 --> 01:59:59,237
ALSO HAVE YOU HAVE INTEGRINS AND

3242
01:59:59,237 --> 02:00:02,473
PROTEINS AS A BUILDING

3243
02:00:02,473 --> 02:00:04,909
MICRODOMAINS WHERE THE

3244
02:00:04,909 --> 02:00:05,743
PIEZO-CHANNELS SIT, I CAN

3245
02:00:05,743 --> 02:00:07,211
IMAGINE ALL OF THAT ENVIRONMENT

3246
02:00:07,211 --> 02:00:08,546
BEING MORE RIGID AS WELL.

3247
02:00:08,546 --> 02:00:10,081
I'M NOT MEASURING THAT, I DON'T

3248
02:00:10,081 --> 02:00:12,150
HAVE ANY PLANS TO MEASURE THAT

3249
02:00:12,150 --> 02:00:14,252
YET BUT I COULD SEE THAT

3250
02:00:14,252 --> 02:00:17,555
HAPPENING AND I HOPE SOMEONE

3251
02:00:17,555 --> 02:00:19,357
GETS INSPIRED AND STARTS DOING

3252
02:00:19,357 --> 02:00:21,526
THOSE EXPERIMENTS BUT YEAH, I

3253
02:00:21,526 --> 02:00:26,497
DON'T HAVE ANY DATA FOR IT.

3254
02:00:26,497 --> 02:00:27,365
>> OKAY, I THINK WE HAVE
TIME

3255
02:00:27,365 --> 02:00:34,472
FOR 1 MORE QUESTION.

3256
02:00:34,472 --> 02:00:34,839
OH YES, DOCTOR?

3257
02:00:34,839 --> 02:00:39,810
>> MAYBE KIND OF A TIEWP

3258
02:00:39,810 --> 02:00:40,411
--STUPID

3259
02:00:40,411 --> 02:00:42,547
QUESTION, I DEAL WITH PATIENTS

3260
02:00:42,547 --> 02:00:44,916
DALELY, I DO NOT KNOW ANYTHING

3261
02:00:44,916 --> 02:00:47,185
ABOUT ION RECEPTORS OR ION

3262
02:00:47,185 --> 02:00:48,419
CHANNELS SO DO YOUR FINDINGS

3263
02:00:48,419 --> 02:00:50,588
HAVE THE ABILITY TO SAY TO THEM

3264
02:00:50,588 --> 02:00:52,657
YOU SHOULD THEREFORE EAT THESE

3265
02:00:52,657 --> 02:00:57,261
KINDS OF FOODS AND NOT EAT THESE

3266
02:00:57,261 --> 02:01:02,967
OTHER KINDS OF FOODS?

3267
02:01:02,967 --> 02:01:04,035
>> YOU ENCOUNTER EVERY DAY

3268
02:01:04,035 --> 02:01:05,236
PEOPLE TOO, THEY PROBABLY WANT

3269
02:01:05,236 --> 02:01:07,004
TO KNOW, THAT'S EXCITING WHAT

3270
02:01:07,004 --> 02:01:08,306
CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT WHAT I

3271
02:01:08,306 --> 02:01:12,843
SHOULD DO ON A DAILY BASIS?

3272
02:01:12,843 --> 02:01:14,345
>> YEAH, YEAH, SO I DON'T
KNOW

3273
02:01:14,345 --> 02:01:16,180
IF YOU REMEMBER THE SLIDE WITH

3274
02:01:16,180 --> 02:01:21,319
THE DOLPHIN SO THOSE GUYS MADE A

3275
02:01:21,319 --> 02:01:26,524
COMPANY THAT CELLS PEELS WITH

3276
02:01:26,524 --> 02:01:27,158
PANTHETIC ANONAPOPTOTICKIC ACID,

3277
02:01:27,158 --> 02:01:29,894
AND AS I SHOW YOU IT DID NOT DO

3278
02:01:29,894 --> 02:01:31,929
ANYTHING FOR MECHANO SENSITIVE

3279
02:01:31,929 --> 02:01:33,998
ION CHANYS ON THE CONCENTRATION

3280
02:01:33,998 --> 02:01:35,533
THAT WE USE, BUT THEY'RE USING

3281
02:01:35,533 --> 02:01:36,867
THAT ACID, I DON'T KNOW IF DID A

3282
02:01:36,867 --> 02:01:39,203
LOT OF GOOD THINGS IN THE BODY,

3283
02:01:39,203 --> 02:01:40,538
I DON'T KNOW EXACTLY BUT THEY'RE

3284
02:01:40,538 --> 02:01:42,540
SELLING THAT OVER THE COUNTER, I

3285
02:01:42,540 --> 02:01:47,178
BELIEVE LIKE YOU FIND DHA AND

3286
02:01:47,178 --> 02:01:49,146
[INDISCERNIBLE] SO I CAN TELL

3287
02:01:49,146 --> 02:01:50,748
PEOPLE, LET'S SAY LIKE MY MOM

3288
02:01:50,748 --> 02:01:53,985
FOR EXAMPLE, OR MY DAD, YOU KNOW

3289
02:01:53,985 --> 02:01:56,020
IF YOU FIND--IF YOU'RE NOT

3290
02:01:56,020 --> 02:01:57,521
EATING ENOUGH EACH OR IF YOU

3291
02:01:57,521 --> 02:02:00,758
DON'T HAVE ENOUGH SOURCES OF THE

3292
02:02:00,758 --> 02:02:02,426
PANTANOIC ACID AND YOU HAVE

3293
02:02:02,426 --> 02:02:03,894
CHRONIC PAIN, MIGHT BE A GOOD

3294
02:02:03,894 --> 02:02:07,031
IDEA TO START HAVING THOSE FISH

3295
02:02:07,031 --> 02:02:09,400
OIL PEELS, BUT I DON'T KNOW.

3296
02:02:09,400 --> 02:02:13,371
I DON'T DEAL WITH PATIENTS AND

3297
02:02:13,371 --> 02:02:15,206
ACTUALLY THIS WOULD BE VERY

3298
02:02:15,206 --> 02:02:17,441
HELPFUL TO COMMUNICATE SCIENCE

3299
02:02:17,441 --> 02:02:19,577
BETTER, RIGHT THROUGH OUTREACH

3300
02:02:19,577 --> 02:02:24,015
AND CONVEY THE MESSAGE I GUESS.

3301
02:02:24,015 --> 02:02:25,549
>> OKAY, WELL, THANK YOU
VERY

3302
02:02:25,549 --> 02:02:26,617
MUCH DR. VASQUEZ, WE APPRECIATE

3303
02:02:26,617 --> 02:02:27,151
YOUR KEY NOTE.

3304
02:02:27,151 --> 02:02:29,587
IT WAS VERY INTERESTING.

3305
02:02:29,587 --> 02:02:37,328
>> THANK YOU.

3306
02:02:37,328 --> 02:02:39,530
>> SO YES, I THINK AS AN
ADYU

3307
02:02:39,530 --> 02:02:41,065
VENT CONSIDERING DIET AND

3308
02:02:41,065 --> 02:02:42,667
LOTIONSAsA I WAY TO CHANGE THE

3309
02:02:42,667 --> 02:02:43,834
CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE ON AGINGS

3310
02:02:43,834 --> 02:02:45,703
OF FORCED BASE MANIPULATIONS IS

3311
02:02:45,703 --> 02:02:47,338
VERY INTERESTING AND A POTENTIAL

3312
02:02:47,338 --> 02:02:49,140
AVENUE TO EXPLORE AND HOPEFULLY

3313
02:02:49,140 --> 02:02:49,907
THERE'S SOME INTEREST IN THE

3314
02:02:49,907 --> 02:02:51,776
ROOM AS WELL AS PEOPLE JOINING

3315
02:02:51,776 --> 02:02:54,011
US TO MAYBE EXPLORE THESE AREAS

3316
02:02:54,011 --> 02:02:54,412
FURTHER.

3317
02:02:54,412 --> 02:02:57,214
SO I WANT TO WRAP UP THIS

3318
02:02:57,214 --> 02:02:57,548
MEETING TODAY.

3319
02:02:57,548 --> 02:02:58,916
THANK YOU TO OUR VIDEOCAST

3320
02:02:58,916 --> 02:03:00,217
AUDIENCE AND OUR ATTENDEES FOR

3321
02:03:00,217 --> 02:03:01,185
YOUR QUESTIONS AND THANK TO YOU

3322
02:03:01,185 --> 02:03:02,353
EVERYONE FOR JOINING US TODAY

3323
02:03:02,353 --> 02:03:03,287
EITHER IN PERSON OR VIRTUALLY

3324
02:03:03,287 --> 02:03:05,056
AND I WANT TO GIVE SPECIAL

3325
02:03:05,056 --> 02:03:07,191
THANKS ONCE AGAIN TO OUR KEY

3326
02:03:07,191 --> 02:03:11,128
NEAT SPEAKER DR. VALERIA

3327
02:03:11,128 --> 02:03:12,296
VESQUESTIONS FOR HER VERY

3328
02:03:12,296 --> 02:03:14,999
INTERESTING TALK.

3329
02:03:14,999 --> 02:03:15,266
YEAH.

3330
02:03:15,266 --> 02:03:16,767
I JUST WANT TO REMIND EVERYONE

3331
02:03:16,767 --> 02:03:17,902
THAT THIS MEETING WAS RECORDED

3332
02:03:17,902 --> 02:03:19,904
AND WILL BE POSTED ON THE NIH

3333
02:03:19,904 --> 02:03:20,971
VIDEOCAST WEBSITE FOR FUTURE

3334
02:03:20,971 --> 02:03:22,740
VIEWING AND WITH THAT I WILL

3335
02:03:22,740 --> 02:03:25,076
CLOSE OUR BROADCAST BY THANKING

3336
02:03:25,076 --> 02:03:27,545
MY COLLEAGUES FROM NINDS AND

3337
02:03:27,545 --> 02:03:28,713
NICCH WHO HELPED MAKE TODAY'S

3338
02:03:28,713 --> 02:03:29,947
MEETING POSSIBLE AND I WISH

3339
02:03:29,947 --> 02:03:31,615
EVERYONE A WONDERFUL DAY.

3340
02:03:31,615 --> 02:03:41,792
THANK YOU.