1 00:00:07,441 --> 00:00:16,216 SO I'D LIKE TO WELCOME EVERYONE 2 00:00:16,216 --> 00:00:18,886 TO THE 167th MEETING ON THE 3 00:00:18,886 --> 00:00:19,519 NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON 4 00:00:19,519 --> 00:00:21,588 ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM 5 00:00:21,588 --> 00:00:22,923 OPEN SESSION. 6 00:00:22,923 --> 00:00:26,293 I'LL CALL ON EACH COUNCIL MEMBER 7 00:00:26,293 --> 00:00:31,665 AND THEN NIAAA SENIOR STAFF FOR 8 00:00:31,665 --> 00:00:41,909 A ROLL CALL. 9 00:00:41,909 --> 00:00:44,778 COUNCIL MEMBERS IT WOULD BE NICE 10 00:00:44,778 --> 00:00:46,480 TO STATE YOUR RESEARCH, 11 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:56,890 INSTITUTE ORIENT -- OR 12 00:00:58,558 --> 00:00:58,792 ENTERPRISE. 13 00:00:58,792 --> 00:01:00,627 WE HAVE NEW PEOPLE WE'LL 14 00:01:00,627 --> 00:01:03,463 INTRODUCE IN THE COURSE OF OUR 15 00:01:03,463 --> 00:01:04,631 DIRECTOR'S REPORT SO THEY'D 16 00:01:04,631 --> 00:01:07,167 PROBABLY LIKE TO HEAR WHERE YOUR 17 00:01:07,167 --> 00:01:08,368 FROM. 18 00:01:08,368 --> 00:01:11,872 STARTING WITH NANCY BARNETT. 19 00:01:11,872 --> 00:01:13,574 >> I'M A PREVENTION IN THE 20 00:01:13,574 --> 00:01:14,308 DEPARTMENT OF BEHAVIORAL AND 21 00:01:14,308 --> 00:01:20,380 SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE SCHOOL OF 22 00:01:20,380 --> 00:01:21,381 PUBLIC HEALTH AT BROWN 23 00:01:21,381 --> 00:01:24,384 UNIVERSITY 24 00:01:24,384 --> 00:01:27,921 >> ANDREW CAMERON COULDN'T BE 25 00:01:27,921 --> 00:01:28,455 WITH US TODAY. 26 00:01:28,455 --> 00:01:31,024 >> I'M TINA CHAMERS A PROFESSOR 27 00:01:31,024 --> 00:01:33,126 IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS 28 00:01:33,126 --> 00:01:37,464 AND SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AT 29 00:01:37,464 --> 00:01:39,333 THE UNIVERSITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH 30 00:01:39,333 --> 00:01:39,599 SAN DIEGO. 31 00:01:39,599 --> 00:01:46,039 >> NANCY GONZALEZ. 32 00:01:46,039 --> 00:01:49,176 >> I AM A PROFESSOR OF 33 00:01:49,176 --> 00:01:52,079 PSYCHOLOGY AND ALSO THE 34 00:01:52,079 --> 00:01:53,013 EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND 35 00:01:53,013 --> 00:01:53,747 UNIVERSITY PROVOST AT UNIVERSITY 36 00:01:53,747 --> 00:01:58,952 STATE UNIVERSITY. 37 00:01:58,952 --> 00:02:00,654 -- ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY. 38 00:02:00,654 --> 00:02:02,289 >> I'M A PROFESSOR IN THE 39 00:02:02,289 --> 00:02:03,957 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CARE POLICY 40 00:02:03,957 --> 00:02:10,731 AT HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL. 41 00:02:10,731 --> 00:02:14,601 >> ANOTHER ZOOM RHONDA 42 00:02:14,601 --> 00:02:15,002 JONES-WEBB. 43 00:02:15,002 --> 00:02:16,937 >> I'M A PROFESSOR OF THE 44 00:02:16,937 --> 00:02:18,472 DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND 45 00:02:18,472 --> 00:02:22,809 COMMUNITY HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF 46 00:02:22,809 --> 00:02:23,510 MINNESOTA SCHOOL OF PUBLIC 47 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:23,744 HEALTH. 48 00:02:23,744 --> 00:02:27,581 >> DAVID. 49 00:02:27,581 --> 00:02:30,617 >> DAVID CARRIGAN FOR RESEARCH 50 00:02:30,617 --> 00:02:35,722 IN NEUROLOGY AT INDIANA 51 00:02:35,722 --> 00:02:37,424 UNIVERSITY AND DIRECTOR OF THE 52 00:02:37,424 --> 00:02:38,725 ALCOHOL RESEARCH CENTER. 53 00:02:38,725 --> 00:02:41,028 >> I'M FRANCES LEVIN AN 54 00:02:41,028 --> 00:02:42,796 ADDICTION PSYCHIATRIST AND 55 00:02:42,796 --> 00:02:45,032 PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY AT THE 56 00:02:45,032 --> 00:02:47,467 NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC 57 00:02:47,467 --> 00:02:48,935 INSTITUTE AND COLUMBIA 58 00:02:48,935 --> 00:02:50,470 UNIVERSITY AND CHIEF OF THE 59 00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:53,073 DIVISION ON SUBSTANCE USE 60 00:02:53,073 --> 00:02:53,340 DISORDERS. 61 00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:54,174 >> THANKS. 62 00:02:54,174 --> 00:02:55,842 >> MICHAEL LEWIS A PROFESSOR IN 63 00:02:55,842 --> 00:02:57,911 THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY 64 00:02:57,911 --> 00:03:01,515 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AT 65 00:03:01,515 --> 00:03:03,083 HUNTER COLLEGE AND THE 66 00:03:03,083 --> 00:03:08,722 UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK. 67 00:03:08,722 --> 00:03:09,322 >> DANE. 68 00:03:09,322 --> 00:03:10,924 >> I'M DANE MAYFIELD A RESEARCH 69 00:03:10,924 --> 00:03:13,527 PROFESSOR AT THE WAGNER CENTER 70 00:03:13,527 --> 00:03:14,294 FOR ADDICTION RESEARCH 71 00:03:14,294 --> 00:03:16,897 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN. 72 00:03:16,897 --> 00:03:21,935 >> KATY, YOU'RE ALWAYS LAST. 73 00:03:21,935 --> 00:03:24,404 >> ALWAYS. 74 00:03:24,404 --> 00:03:25,739 I'M KATIE WITKIEWITZ A PROFESSOR 75 00:03:25,739 --> 00:03:32,712 OF PSYCHOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY 76 00:03:32,712 --> 00:03:33,580 OF NEW MEXICO. 77 00:03:33,580 --> 00:03:34,081 >> THANKS. 78 00:03:34,081 --> 00:03:37,384 I'M NOW GOING TO GO THROUGH THE 79 00:03:37,384 --> 00:03:40,287 NIAAA STAFF. 80 00:03:40,287 --> 00:03:42,989 OBVIOUSLY I'M GEORGE KOOB THE 81 00:03:42,989 --> 00:03:44,157 DIRECTOR OF NIAAA. 82 00:03:44,157 --> 00:03:44,524 TRISH. 83 00:03:44,524 --> 00:03:50,664 >> I'M THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR AT 84 00:03:50,664 --> 00:03:51,264 NIAAA. 85 00:03:51,264 --> 00:03:53,467 >> BOB. 86 00:03:53,467 --> 00:03:55,602 >> BOB FREEMAN DEPUTY DIRECTOR 87 00:03:55,602 --> 00:03:57,204 OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION. 88 00:03:57,204 --> 00:03:58,105 >> KATHY. 89 00:03:58,105 --> 00:04:00,774 >> KATHY YOUNG THE DIRECTOR OF 90 00:04:00,774 --> 00:04:02,676 THE DIVISION OF METABOLISM AND 91 00:04:02,676 --> 00:04:04,478 HEALTH EFFECTS LOOKING AT THE 92 00:04:04,478 --> 00:04:06,980 EFFECT OF ALCOHOL AND ORGAN 93 00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:07,314 DAMAGE. 94 00:04:07,314 --> 00:04:07,447 . 95 00:04:07,447 --> 00:04:13,854 >> I'M GOING TO BRIDGETTE. 96 00:04:13,854 --> 00:04:20,794 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 97 00:04:20,794 --> 00:04:24,297 I'M BRIDGET WILLIAMS-SIMMONS AT 98 00:04:24,297 --> 00:04:24,498 NIAAA. 99 00:04:24,498 --> 00:04:28,468 GOOD TO SEE YOU ALL. 100 00:04:28,468 --> 00:04:30,537 >> LAURA, SINCE YOU'RE HERE. 101 00:04:30,537 --> 00:04:32,973 >> THE CHIEF OF THE SCIENCE 102 00:04:32,973 --> 00:04:34,508 POLICY BRANCH ALSO REPRESENTING 103 00:04:34,508 --> 00:04:35,142 THING OFF OF SCIENCE POLICY AND 104 00:04:35,142 --> 00:04:39,012 COMMUNICATION. 105 00:04:39,012 --> 00:04:40,847 >> VICKY. 106 00:04:40,847 --> 00:04:41,948 >> GOOD MORNING. 107 00:04:41,948 --> 00:04:44,584 I'M VICKY BUCKLEY THE EXECUTIVE 108 00:04:44,584 --> 00:04:46,486 OFFICER AND THE DEPUTY ETHICS 109 00:04:46,486 --> 00:04:52,893 COUNCIL FOR NIAAA. 110 00:04:52,893 --> 00:04:56,296 >> DAVID LEAVINGER FROM THE 111 00:04:56,296 --> 00:05:02,169 DIVISION OF CLINICAL AND 112 00:05:02,169 --> 00:05:04,471 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH NIAAA. 113 00:05:04,471 --> 00:05:05,972 >> ON ZOOM, DAVID. 114 00:05:05,972 --> 00:05:07,274 >> SORRY. 115 00:05:07,274 --> 00:05:09,509 I'M DAVID GOLDMAN CLINICAL 116 00:05:09,509 --> 00:05:10,477 DIRECTOR. 117 00:05:10,477 --> 00:05:12,345 THANK YOU, GEORGE. 118 00:05:12,345 --> 00:05:15,215 >> AN TONIO. 119 00:05:15,215 --> 00:05:18,485 >> GOOD MORNING. 120 00:05:18,485 --> 00:05:21,788 ANTONIO NURONA THE DIRECTOR OF 121 00:05:21,788 --> 00:05:31,598 NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR. 122 00:05:31,598 --> 00:05:32,766 >> I'M THE DIRECTOR OF THE 123 00:05:32,766 --> 00:05:34,501 DIVISION OF TREATMENT AND 124 00:05:34,501 --> 00:05:40,440 RECOVERY. 125 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:44,744 >> DAWN WAYMAN THE SCIENTIFIC 126 00:05:44,744 --> 00:05:51,151 DIVERSITY OFFICER AT NIAAA. 127 00:05:51,151 --> 00:06:01,595 >> I'M PHILIPPE MARMILLOT 128 00:06:05,699 --> 00:06:06,566 EXECUTIVE. 129 00:06:06,566 --> 00:06:10,003 >> I'LL DO THE DIRECTOR'S REPORT 130 00:06:10,003 --> 00:06:20,447 AND THEN THE HUGHES AWARD. 131 00:06:31,057 --> 00:06:36,396 >> SO EVERYTHING SOUND OKAY? 132 00:06:36,396 --> 00:06:42,969 ARE WE GOOD? 133 00:06:42,969 --> 00:06:44,271 >> THE FIRST THING I'M GOING TO 134 00:06:44,271 --> 00:06:46,406 DO IS TALK ABOUT THE INSTITUTE 135 00:06:46,406 --> 00:06:53,079 AND SOME NIH UPDATES. 136 00:06:53,079 --> 00:06:54,781 UNFORTUNATELY WE'VE LOST AT 137 00:06:54,781 --> 00:06:57,684 LEAST FOUR PEOPLE WE KNOW AT 138 00:06:57,684 --> 00:06:58,652 NIAAA WHO HAD MAJOR CONTRIBUTION 139 00:06:58,652 --> 00:07:03,490 TO THE FIELD AND/OR WERE PART OF 140 00:07:03,490 --> 00:07:06,259 OUR EXTRAMURAL OR INTRAMURAL 141 00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:06,493 PROGRAM. 142 00:07:06,493 --> 00:07:08,962 I'VE KNOWN THREE OF THESE 143 00:07:08,962 --> 00:07:09,396 PERSONALLY. 144 00:07:09,396 --> 00:07:13,600 SO THEY'RE PRETTY BIG LOSSES 145 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:15,268 THIS YEAR. 146 00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:19,306 GEORGE BREESE WAS THE JOHN R. 147 00:07:19,306 --> 00:07:21,708 ANDREWS DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR 148 00:07:21,708 --> 00:07:23,276 AT THE NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF 149 00:07:23,276 --> 00:07:26,313 MEDICINE AND LED STUDIES ON THE 150 00:07:26,313 --> 00:07:29,249 NEURO CHEMICAL AND BASIS OF 151 00:07:29,249 --> 00:07:31,951 INCREASED STRESS FROM REPEATED 152 00:07:31,951 --> 00:07:34,788 WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ALCOHOL 153 00:07:34,788 --> 00:07:35,755 EXPOSURE. 154 00:07:35,755 --> 00:07:38,458 PARTICULARLY SEMINOLE WITH US 155 00:07:38,458 --> 00:07:39,826 HIS WORK IN STRESS RESPONSES IN 156 00:07:39,826 --> 00:07:42,062 THE AMYGDALA AND THAT WAS 157 00:07:42,062 --> 00:07:45,265 ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATED ALCOHOL 158 00:07:45,265 --> 00:07:47,534 WITHDRAWALS AND SENSITIZATION 159 00:07:47,534 --> 00:07:50,203 LIKE EFFECT. 160 00:07:50,203 --> 00:07:52,272 AND HE ALSO MADE SCIENTIFIC 161 00:07:52,272 --> 00:07:54,474 CONTRIBUTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING 162 00:07:54,474 --> 00:07:55,742 THE ROLE OF NEUROIMMUNE 163 00:07:55,742 --> 00:07:57,610 SIGNALLING IN ALCOHOL INDUCED 164 00:07:57,610 --> 00:07:57,844 STRESS. 165 00:07:57,844 --> 00:08:04,851 HE WAS WAY AHEAD OF HIS TIME. 166 00:08:04,851 --> 00:08:15,395 IRREPRESSIBLE AND LOVED SCIENCE. 167 00:08:19,232 --> 00:08:22,635 AND DR. MICZEK WAS A DIRECTOR OF 168 00:08:22,635 --> 00:08:24,738 THE RESEARCH CENTER AT TUFT'S 169 00:08:24,738 --> 00:08:25,205 UNIVERSITY. 170 00:08:25,205 --> 00:08:29,976 HIS RESEARCH FOCUSSED ON PSYCHO 171 00:08:29,976 --> 00:08:31,277 PHARMACOLOGIC AND BRAIN 172 00:08:31,277 --> 00:08:33,680 MECHANISMS OF ANXIETY, SOCIAL 173 00:08:33,680 --> 00:08:35,148 STRESS AND THE MISUSE OF ALCOHOL 174 00:08:35,148 --> 00:08:45,525 AND OTHER SUBSTANCES. 175 00:08:45,925 --> 00:08:47,961 AND LOOKED AT HOW THE 176 00:08:47,961 --> 00:08:53,233 NEUROCIRCUITRY AND PRECLINICAL 177 00:08:53,233 --> 00:08:58,438 MODELS AND HE WAS JUST AND 178 00:08:58,438 --> 00:09:07,981 COUNTED ON GREAT INSIGHT. 179 00:09:07,981 --> 00:09:10,884 HE RECEIVED A MORE IT AWARD FROM 180 00:09:10,884 --> 00:09:16,289 US AND LEFT A LASTING ON THE 181 00:09:16,289 --> 00:09:27,901 NEUROPSY PSPSY PSPSYCHO LOGY FI 182 00:09:36,042 --> 00:09:41,581 ASKED QUESTIONS IN A DRAMATIC 183 00:09:41,581 --> 00:09:46,085 WAY AND HE WAS VERY SUPPORTIVE 184 00:09:46,085 --> 00:09:46,386 AFTERWARDS. 185 00:09:46,386 --> 00:09:49,722 THOSE WHO KNOW HIM KNOW WHAT I'M 186 00:09:49,722 --> 00:09:50,190 TALKING ABOUT. 187 00:09:50,190 --> 00:09:55,495 DANIEL E RIO WAS A PHYSICIST IN 188 00:09:55,495 --> 00:09:59,632 BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY AT NIAAA. 189 00:09:59,632 --> 00:10:00,867 HE MADE IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC 190 00:10:00,867 --> 00:10:02,936 CONTRIBUTIONS IN NEUROIMAGING 191 00:10:02,936 --> 00:10:06,439 AND DATA MODELS AND ANALYSES AND 192 00:10:06,439 --> 00:10:10,043 HE TAUGHT COURSES IN APPLIED BIO 193 00:10:10,043 --> 00:10:12,178 MEDICAL AT JOHNS HOPKINS SCHOOL 194 00:10:12,178 --> 00:10:12,779 OF ENGINEERING. 195 00:10:12,779 --> 00:10:15,014 I DID NOT KNOW HIM PERSONALLY 196 00:10:15,014 --> 00:10:17,183 BUT I KNOW DAVID GOLDMAN DID AND 197 00:10:17,183 --> 00:10:18,551 MANY PEOPLE IN OUR CLINICAL 198 00:10:18,551 --> 00:10:18,918 CENTER. 199 00:10:18,918 --> 00:10:20,587 WE WAS KNOWN AS A BRILLIANT KIND 200 00:10:20,587 --> 00:10:24,624 AND PATIENT ININSTRUMENTER AND 201 00:10:24,624 --> 00:10:27,393 MANY COMMITMENT TO TEACHING. 202 00:10:27,393 --> 00:10:33,933 THEN THIS WAS IS BIG FOR THE 203 00:10:33,933 --> 00:10:36,603 INSTITUTE BECAUSE KEN WARREN 204 00:10:36,603 --> 00:10:38,104 RECENTLY PASSED AND WAS NIAAA 205 00:10:38,104 --> 00:10:40,073 DEPUTY DIRECTOR IN 2008 AND 206 00:10:40,073 --> 00:10:43,009 SER 207 00:10:43,009 --> 00:10:47,847 SERVED AS THE NIAAA DIRECTOR AND 208 00:10:47,847 --> 00:10:51,217 DID A YEOMAN'S JOB IN DIRECTING 209 00:10:51,217 --> 00:10:54,521 THE INSTITUTE AND IT WAS A 210 00:10:54,521 --> 00:10:56,489 TUMULTUOUS TIME FOR NIAAA. 211 00:10:56,489 --> 00:10:58,591 HAD 41 YEARS OF FEDERAL SERVICE 212 00:10:58,591 --> 00:11:00,527 AND RETIRED IN 2015 AFTER WHICH 213 00:11:00,527 --> 00:11:01,461 HE CONTINUED TO SERVE AS A 214 00:11:01,461 --> 00:11:05,698 SPECIAL ADVISER TO THE NIAAA 215 00:11:05,698 --> 00:11:09,969 DIRECTOR, THAT'S ME, UNTIL 2018. 216 00:11:09,969 --> 00:11:13,940 KEN WAS A FOREMOST RESEARCH 217 00:11:13,940 --> 00:11:16,776 EXPERT ON FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM 218 00:11:16,776 --> 00:11:18,244 DISORDER AND WAS ON THE ADVISORY 219 00:11:18,244 --> 00:11:20,513 ON ALCOHOL AND PREGNANCY IN 1977 220 00:11:20,513 --> 00:11:24,250 AND HELPED LEAD THE FIRST 221 00:11:24,250 --> 00:11:25,818 SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING ON THE 222 00:11:25,818 --> 00:11:26,753 ISSUE IN 1981. 223 00:11:26,753 --> 00:11:29,188 I CAN'T TELL YOU HOW MUCH HE 224 00:11:29,188 --> 00:11:31,391 CONTRIBUTED TO THE FETAL ALCOHOL 225 00:11:31,391 --> 00:11:33,126 SPECTRUM DISORDER FIELD. 226 00:11:33,126 --> 00:11:39,432 HE WAS BASICALLY THE FEDERAL 227 00:11:39,432 --> 00:11:41,968 LEAD PERSON AND I THINK EVERYONE 228 00:11:41,968 --> 00:11:48,775 IN THE FASD FIELD RECOGNIZES HOW 229 00:11:48,775 --> 00:11:49,842 MUCH HE CONTRIBUTED. 230 00:11:49,842 --> 00:11:52,579 AND THE LIFE TIME ACHIEVEMENT 231 00:11:52,579 --> 00:11:53,813 AWARDS FROM THE RESEARCH SOCIETY 232 00:11:53,813 --> 00:11:55,748 ON ALCOHOL FOR MANY THINGS I 233 00:11:55,748 --> 00:11:57,050 JUST OUTLINED. 234 00:11:57,050 --> 00:11:59,786 HE WAS KNOWN AS AN EXCEPTIONALLY 235 00:11:59,786 --> 00:12:02,855 SMART, KIND AND GENTLE MAN AND 236 00:12:02,855 --> 00:12:04,724 WAS A WONDERFUL MENTOR, FRIEND 237 00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:06,326 AND COLLEAGUE TO ALMOST ALL OF 238 00:12:06,326 --> 00:12:07,360 US AT THE INSTITUTE WHO 239 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:08,695 OVERLAPPED WIN KEN. 240 00:12:08,695 --> 00:12:10,563 -- WITH KEN. 241 00:12:10,563 --> 00:12:10,630 242 00:12:13,199 --> 00:12:17,337 I'M SURE RSA WILL ALSO BE 243 00:12:17,337 --> 00:12:18,404 HONORING SOME OF AS THE 244 00:12:18,404 --> 00:12:20,540 INDIVIDUALS BUT I ALSO FEEL LIKE 245 00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:22,342 WE SHOULD HONOR INDIVIDUALS THAT 246 00:12:22,342 --> 00:12:22,942 HAVE COME THROUGH AND WORKED 247 00:12:22,942 --> 00:12:29,582 WITH US. 248 00:12:29,582 --> 00:12:31,451 NIAAA IS CLOSING OUT OUR HISTORY 249 00:12:31,451 --> 00:12:40,560 OF OUR 2024 BUDGET AND RECEIVED 250 00:12:40,560 --> 00:12:48,901 A 1.8 MILLION TRANSFER AND THE 251 00:12:48,901 --> 00:12:51,904 FY2025 APPROPRIATION FOR NIH AND 252 00:12:51,904 --> 00:12:53,439 NIAAA HAS NOT YET BEEN FINALIZED 253 00:12:53,439 --> 00:12:55,942 AT THIS TIME AND DON'T HOLD YOUR 254 00:12:55,942 --> 00:12:56,175 BREATH. 255 00:12:56,175 --> 00:12:58,378 I'M NOT SAYING ANYMORE. 256 00:12:58,378 --> 00:13:00,079 I AM GOING TO SAY AND VERY 257 00:13:00,079 --> 00:13:02,982 PLEASED TO INTRODUCE AND I'D 258 00:13:02,982 --> 00:13:04,384 LIKE ALICIA TO STAND UP SHE'S 259 00:13:04,384 --> 00:13:10,156 BACK THERE SOMEWHERE. 260 00:13:10,156 --> 00:13:13,493 SHE JOINED NIAAA THE FINANCIAL 261 00:13:13,493 --> 00:13:14,193 MANAGEMENT BRANCH AS OUR NEW 262 00:13:14,193 --> 00:13:16,429 BUDGET OFFICER. 263 00:13:16,429 --> 00:13:19,032 HER CAREER WITH NIH SPANS MORE 264 00:13:19,032 --> 00:13:20,600 THAN 19 YEARS IN MULTIPLE 265 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:22,869 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS. 266 00:13:22,869 --> 00:13:24,303 SHE JOINED NIAAA AFTER SERVING 267 00:13:24,303 --> 00:13:26,506 AS THE DEPUTY BUDGET OFFICER FOR 268 00:13:26,506 --> 00:13:31,010 THE NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME 269 00:13:31,010 --> 00:13:31,377 INSTITUTE. 270 00:13:31,377 --> 00:13:33,346 PRIOR WAS DEPUTY BUDGET OFFICER 271 00:13:33,346 --> 00:13:34,981 AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 272 00:13:34,981 --> 00:13:36,115 MENTAL HEALTH, BUDGET OFFICER AT 273 00:13:36,115 --> 00:13:37,684 THE CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW 274 00:13:37,684 --> 00:13:41,421 AND BUDGET ANALYST AT THE NIH 275 00:13:41,421 --> 00:13:42,488 CLINICAL CENTER. 276 00:13:42,488 --> 00:13:46,693 WE'RE LUCKY TO HAVE RECRUITED 277 00:13:46,693 --> 00:13:47,427 HER. 278 00:13:47,427 --> 00:13:49,829 SHE'S MOVED INTO THIS JOB SO 279 00:13:49,829 --> 00:13:50,997 SEAMLESSLY THAT WE DIDN'T NOTICE 280 00:13:50,997 --> 00:14:01,274 SHE WASN'T HERE. 281 00:14:10,316 --> 00:14:12,585 VERY GRATEFUL TO HAVE YOU HERE. 282 00:14:12,585 --> 00:14:16,022 WE HAVE A COLLABORATION WITH THE 283 00:14:16,022 --> 00:14:21,294 NIDCD LAUNCHING THE SMELL AND 284 00:14:21,294 --> 00:14:21,994 TASTE CENTER. 285 00:14:21,994 --> 00:14:28,301 A NEW EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE 286 00:14:28,301 --> 00:14:31,003 LIVES OF THOSE WITH SENSORY 287 00:14:31,003 --> 00:14:33,439 DISORDERS AND IT WAS FORMED 288 00:14:33,439 --> 00:14:38,010 THROUGH COLLABORATIONS TO EXPAND 289 00:14:38,010 --> 00:14:39,378 WORK IN SMELL AND TASTE RESEARCH 290 00:14:39,378 --> 00:14:41,714 AND THE NEED TO CAPTURE NORM 291 00:14:41,714 --> 00:14:47,620 ATTENTION DURING THE COVID-19 292 00:14:47,620 --> 00:14:48,354 PANDEMIC. 293 00:14:48,354 --> 00:14:52,558 IT'S LED BY DR. JOSH LEVY AND 294 00:14:52,558 --> 00:14:54,927 THE SECTION OF SENSORY SCIENCE 295 00:14:54,927 --> 00:14:59,332 AND METABOLISM OUR OWN 296 00:14:59,332 --> 00:15:01,467 DR. JOSEPH. 297 00:15:01,467 --> 00:15:04,537 WE'RE PLEASED WITH THAT AND 298 00:15:04,537 --> 00:15:06,405 REALLY PLEASED PAULE IS A MAJOR 299 00:15:06,405 --> 00:15:07,406 PART BECAUSE SHE'S ONE OF THE 300 00:15:07,406 --> 00:15:12,678 WORLD'S EXPERTS IN THIS AREA. 301 00:15:12,678 --> 00:15:16,783 THE NIAAA DATA ARCHIVE WAS 302 00:15:16,783 --> 00:15:18,184 ESTABLISHED IN 2019. 303 00:15:18,184 --> 00:15:19,986 THE ARCHIVE IS HOUSED WITHIN THE 304 00:15:19,986 --> 00:15:22,121 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL 305 00:15:22,121 --> 00:15:23,556 HEALTH, DATA ARCHIVE. 306 00:15:23,556 --> 00:15:27,627 AND IT PROVIDES A REPOSITORY FOR 307 00:15:27,627 --> 00:15:29,662 DATA GENERATED THROUGH NIAAA 308 00:15:29,662 --> 00:15:31,430 STUDIES IN HUMANS. 309 00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:33,599 THE GROWING ARCHIVE CONTAINS 310 00:15:33,599 --> 00:15:36,269 DATA FROM OVER 400 COLLECTIONS 311 00:15:36,269 --> 00:15:38,638 REPRESENTING MORE THAN 55,000 312 00:15:38,638 --> 00:15:39,872 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS. 313 00:15:39,872 --> 00:15:42,275 DATA SETS ARE NOW AVAILABLE FROM 314 00:15:42,275 --> 00:15:44,777 THE NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON 315 00:15:44,777 --> 00:15:46,946 ALCOHOL AND NEURO DEVELOPMENT IN 316 00:15:46,946 --> 00:15:48,748 ADOLESCENCE AND HUMAN STUDIES 317 00:15:48,748 --> 00:15:51,951 THROUGH THE R21 MECHANISM. 318 00:15:51,951 --> 00:15:54,153 EVERYONE ELSE IS ALSO INVOLVED 319 00:15:54,153 --> 00:15:56,656 IN GETTING THEIR DATA IN THE 320 00:15:56,656 --> 00:15:58,291 ARCHIVE OR WHAT WE FONDLY NOW 321 00:15:58,291 --> 00:15:59,358 CALL THE NDA. 322 00:15:59,358 --> 00:16:00,793 SO WHEN YOU HEAR ME TALK ABOUT 323 00:16:00,793 --> 00:16:01,761 THE NDA, THAT'S WHAT WE'RE 324 00:16:01,761 --> 00:16:05,798 TALKING ABOUT. 325 00:16:05,798 --> 00:16:07,433 AND WE'RE KEEPING YOU POSTED ON 326 00:16:07,433 --> 00:16:09,068 OTHER DATA SETS AS THEY BECOME 327 00:16:09,068 --> 00:16:13,372 AVAILABLE TO INVESTIGATORS BUT I 328 00:16:13,372 --> 00:16:15,441 HOPE IT WILL PROVE TO BE A 329 00:16:15,441 --> 00:16:20,780 STIMULUS TO HYPOTHESIS 330 00:16:20,780 --> 00:16:24,083 GENERATION AND ACTUAL RESEARCH. 331 00:16:24,083 --> 00:16:27,019 WE ALSO HAVE SOME FUNDING 332 00:16:27,019 --> 00:16:28,154 OPPORTUNITIES SPECIALIZED 333 00:16:28,154 --> 00:16:32,191 ALCOHOL RESEARCH CENTERS AND 334 00:16:32,191 --> 00:16:34,126 COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH CENTERS 335 00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:38,898 RFAs OUT THE OVER ALL PURPOSE OF 336 00:16:38,898 --> 00:16:40,366 THE ALCOHOL RESEARCH PROGRAM IS 337 00:16:40,366 --> 00:16:42,535 TO PROVIDE LEADERSHIP IN 338 00:16:42,535 --> 00:16:44,637 CONDUCTING AND FOSTERING 339 00:16:44,637 --> 00:16:45,671 INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIVE 340 00:16:45,671 --> 00:16:47,974 RESEARCH ON A WIDE VARIETY OF 341 00:16:47,974 --> 00:16:51,711 TOPICS RELEVANT TO THE NIAAA 342 00:16:51,711 --> 00:16:52,144 MISSION. 343 00:16:52,144 --> 00:16:55,147 THEY INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED TO 344 00:16:55,147 --> 00:16:58,217 ETIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGY 345 00:16:58,217 --> 00:17:00,887 AND PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL 346 00:17:00,887 --> 00:17:02,321 MISUSE, ALCOHOL USE DISORDER AND 347 00:17:02,321 --> 00:17:05,825 ALCOHOL RELATED AND ORGAN 348 00:17:05,825 --> 00:17:08,594 DISEASES AS WELL AS RELATED BIO 349 00:17:08,594 --> 00:17:09,762 MEDICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL AND 350 00:17:09,762 --> 00:17:11,564 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ACROSS THE 351 00:17:11,564 --> 00:17:13,566 LIFE SPAN AND ACROSS RACIAL 352 00:17:13,566 --> 00:17:14,600 ETHNIC GROUP AND OTHER HEALTH 353 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:15,902 DISPARITY POPULATIONS. 354 00:17:15,902 --> 00:17:18,004 IF YOU ACTUAL REMEMBER FROM THE 355 00:17:18,004 --> 00:17:19,872 CLOSED SESSION WE HAD 356 00:17:19,872 --> 00:17:21,474 REPRESENTATION FROM ALMOST ALL 357 00:17:21,474 --> 00:17:22,108 THESE AREAS IN THE GRANTS YOU 358 00:17:22,108 --> 00:17:25,745 JUST APPROVED. 359 00:17:25,745 --> 00:17:27,246 CENTERS ARE ALSO REGIONAL OR 360 00:17:27,246 --> 00:17:28,614 NATIONAL RESOURCES THAT 361 00:17:28,614 --> 00:17:29,982 CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF 362 00:17:29,982 --> 00:17:31,317 NEW RESEARCH METHODS, 363 00:17:31,317 --> 00:17:32,818 TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES THAT 364 00:17:32,818 --> 00:17:34,954 SUSTAIN INNOVATIVE AND 365 00:17:34,954 --> 00:17:35,521 GOAL-DIRECTED RESEARCH. 366 00:17:35,521 --> 00:17:38,991 A PLAN FOR ENHANCING DIVERSE 367 00:17:38,991 --> 00:17:39,659 PERSPECTIVES IS REQUIRED IN THIS 368 00:17:39,659 --> 00:17:42,561 PROGRAM. 369 00:17:42,561 --> 00:17:43,863 I'VE BEEN VERY SUPPORTIVE OF OUR 370 00:17:43,863 --> 00:17:49,969 CENTER'S PROGRAM. 371 00:17:49,969 --> 00:17:57,577 I CONSIDER IT AND HOPE THE 372 00:17:57,577 --> 00:17:59,779 CRITICAL MASSES WILL EXPAND TO 373 00:17:59,779 --> 00:18:00,780 CALL CENTERS AT LARGE AND THAT 374 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:03,516 HAS HAPPENED IN MANY CASES. 375 00:18:03,516 --> 00:18:05,585 AND ONE OF THE REASONS I'M VERY 376 00:18:05,585 --> 00:18:06,152 SUPPORTIVE OF OUR CENTER'S 377 00:18:06,152 --> 00:18:11,524 PROGRAM. 378 00:18:11,524 --> 00:18:13,125 AND WE'LL HAVE ISSUES AROUND THE 379 00:18:13,125 --> 00:18:14,627 CENTER PROGRAM. 380 00:18:14,627 --> 00:18:15,795 THE BUDGET HAS STAYED THE SAME 381 00:18:15,795 --> 00:18:17,763 SINCE 1977. 382 00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:22,668 SO YOU CAN UNDERSTAND WHAT THAT 383 00:18:22,668 --> 00:18:22,969 MEANS. 384 00:18:22,969 --> 00:18:24,437 INFLATION HAS NOT STAYED THE 385 00:18:24,437 --> 00:18:29,909 SAME SINCE 1977. 386 00:18:29,909 --> 00:18:34,146 AND THEN WE HAVE NEW ACTIONS AND 387 00:18:34,146 --> 00:18:35,081 EFFORTS IN DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND 388 00:18:35,081 --> 00:18:36,582 INCLUSION AND ACCESSIBILITY IN 389 00:18:36,582 --> 00:18:37,883 ALCOHOL RESEARCH. 390 00:18:37,883 --> 00:18:48,527 WE'RE PARTICIPATING INPLASM -- 391 00:18:48,961 --> 00:18:50,629 MAXIMIZING CAREER AWARDS KNOWN 392 00:18:50,629 --> 00:18:53,566 AS THE K99, R00, INDEPENDENT 393 00:18:53,566 --> 00:19:00,539 RESEARCH STUDIES WITH HUMANS 394 00:19:00,539 --> 00:19:03,009 REQUIRE INDEPENDENT CLINICAL 395 00:19:03,009 --> 00:19:03,676 TRIAL REQUIRED AND INDEPENDENT 396 00:19:03,676 --> 00:19:04,710 CLINICAL TRIAL NOT ALLOWED. 397 00:19:04,710 --> 00:19:06,178 THIS IS A REALLY SUCCESSFUL 398 00:19:06,178 --> 00:19:08,647 PROGRAM AND WE CONTINUE TO BE 399 00:19:08,647 --> 00:19:10,616 PART OF IT AND DAWN'S HELPING US 400 00:19:10,616 --> 00:19:14,687 WITH MANY OF THESE ISSUES. 401 00:19:14,687 --> 00:19:17,023 AND THEN OVER NIH INSTITUTES AND 402 00:19:17,023 --> 00:19:19,358 CENTERS INCLUDING NIAAA WILL 403 00:19:19,358 --> 00:19:23,696 HOST THE 2024 NIH DIVERSITY 404 00:19:23,696 --> 00:19:24,363 SUPPLEMENT PROFESSIONAL 405 00:19:24,363 --> 00:19:28,401 DEVELOPMENT AND NETWORKING 406 00:19:28,401 --> 00:19:29,902 WORKSHOP SEPTEMBER 24 TO 407 00:19:29,902 --> 00:19:32,071 SEPTEMBER 25, 2024. 408 00:19:32,071 --> 00:19:33,706 THIS WILL BRING DIVERSITY 409 00:19:33,706 --> 00:19:35,775 SUPPLEMENT SCHOLARS CONDUCTING 410 00:19:35,775 --> 00:19:38,944 RESEARCH ON A VARIETY OF I.C. 411 00:19:38,944 --> 00:19:41,380 MISSION AREAS TO RECEIVE 412 00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:42,948 CRITICAL NIH RESOURCES AND 413 00:19:42,948 --> 00:19:44,116 PARTICIPATE IN NETWORKING AND 414 00:19:44,116 --> 00:19:44,884 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 415 00:19:44,884 --> 00:19:46,886 SESSIONS ON A NUMBER OF RESEARCH 416 00:19:46,886 --> 00:19:53,125 AND CAREER RELATED TOPIC. 417 00:19:53,125 --> 00:19:54,060 -- TOPICS. 418 00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:55,761 SO WHAT'S AHEAD? 419 00:19:55,761 --> 00:19:58,898 WE HAVE OUR ANNUAL FRONTIERS AND 420 00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:03,002 ADDITION RESEARCH WHICH IS A 421 00:20:03,002 --> 00:20:04,503 PRE-MEETING SYMPOSIUM WE DO WITH 422 00:20:04,503 --> 00:20:06,338 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG 423 00:20:06,338 --> 00:20:08,574 ABUSE AS PART OF OUR 424 00:20:08,574 --> 00:20:11,944 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ON 425 00:20:11,944 --> 00:20:16,348 ADDICTIONS IN NIH HELD IN 426 00:20:16,348 --> 00:20:20,486 CHICAGO THE FRIDAY BEFORE THE 427 00:20:20,486 --> 00:20:23,022 SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE I THINK 428 00:20:23,022 --> 00:20:27,660 OCTOBER 4 OR 5. 429 00:20:27,660 --> 00:20:28,627 THE SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS THIS 430 00:20:28,627 --> 00:20:32,898 YEAR ARE FASCINATING AND 431 00:20:32,898 --> 00:20:33,232 INTERESTING. 432 00:20:33,232 --> 00:20:35,034 PSYCHEDELIC PATHOGENS FOR THE 433 00:20:35,034 --> 00:20:36,102 TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL AND 434 00:20:36,102 --> 00:20:39,004 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER. 435 00:20:39,004 --> 00:20:41,040 THIS WILL CATCH EVERYONE'S 436 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:43,843 ATTENTION AN AGONIST FOR THE USE 437 00:20:43,843 --> 00:20:50,916 OF AND HABENULA AS AN 438 00:20:50,916 --> 00:20:54,019 ANTI-ADDICTIVE CIRCUIT FOR YOU 439 00:20:54,019 --> 00:20:59,492 NEURO CIRCUIT AFICIONADOS. 440 00:20:59,492 --> 00:21:05,164 I'LL BE THERE. 441 00:21:05,164 --> 00:21:06,899 IT'S OCTOBER 4. 442 00:21:06,899 --> 00:21:15,040 COMING SOON FROM OUR SCIENCE AND 443 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,076 WE HAVE THE NATIVE COMMUNITIES 444 00:21:17,076 --> 00:21:22,815 ALCOHOL INTERVENTION REVIEW 445 00:21:22,815 --> 00:21:27,887 NIAAA IS FACILITATING HEALTH 446 00:21:27,887 --> 00:21:30,256 PROFESSIONALS IN IDENTIFYING 447 00:21:30,256 --> 00:21:33,092 EFFECTIVE SCIENTIFICALLY 448 00:21:33,092 --> 00:21:38,030 EVALUATED ALCOHOL INTERVENTIONS 449 00:21:38,030 --> 00:21:39,965 FOR THEIR COMMUNITIES, NATIVE 450 00:21:39,965 --> 00:21:42,368 AIR WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION ON 451 00:21:42,368 --> 00:21:44,170 THE PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL MISUSE 452 00:21:44,170 --> 00:21:47,206 AND TREATMENT OF DISORDER AND 453 00:21:47,206 --> 00:21:50,609 TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL FETAL 454 00:21:50,609 --> 00:21:51,944 SPECTRUM DISORDER AND A BIG 455 00:21:51,944 --> 00:21:54,180 SHOUT OUT TO EVERYBODY WHO 456 00:21:54,180 --> 00:21:59,151 WORKED ON THIS BUT JUDY AUROO 457 00:21:59,151 --> 00:22:01,620 WAS THE LEAD INVESTIGATOR AND 458 00:22:01,620 --> 00:22:04,557 HAS SUBSEQUENTLY RETIRED BUT I 459 00:22:04,557 --> 00:22:05,758 THINK SHE'LL BE PLEASED TO SEE 460 00:22:05,758 --> 00:22:10,229 WHEN WE LAUNCH THIS EFFORT. 461 00:22:10,229 --> 00:22:12,798 THIS IS A FAIRLY NEW BUT CAME 462 00:22:12,798 --> 00:22:19,605 OUT OF A LETTER OF INTENT TO 463 00:22:19,605 --> 00:22:22,975 COLLABORATE WITH THE FRENCH 464 00:22:22,975 --> 00:22:23,776 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH. 465 00:22:23,776 --> 00:22:26,745 WE BROADENED IT TO INCLUDE AN 466 00:22:26,745 --> 00:22:29,014 INTERNATIONAL EFFORT AND SO IT'S 467 00:22:29,014 --> 00:22:30,983 A REQUEST FOR INFORMATION AND 468 00:22:30,983 --> 00:22:33,452 HARMONIZATION OF THE U.S. AND 469 00:22:33,452 --> 00:22:36,055 INTERNATIONAL ALCOHOL RESEARCH 470 00:22:36,055 --> 00:22:36,288 METRICS. 471 00:22:36,288 --> 00:22:38,557 THE DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND 472 00:22:38,557 --> 00:22:39,592 PREVENTION RESEARCH HAS TAKEN 473 00:22:39,592 --> 00:22:41,994 THE LEAD ON THIS ONE. 474 00:22:41,994 --> 00:22:42,661 THERE ARE INTERNATIONAL 475 00:22:42,661 --> 00:22:44,296 DIFFERENCES IN METHODS IN 476 00:22:44,296 --> 00:22:46,465 ALCOHOL RESEARCH SUCH AS 477 00:22:46,465 --> 00:22:48,467 STANDARD DRINK SIZE AND 478 00:22:48,467 --> 00:22:50,536 DEFINITIONS OF BINGE DRINKING 479 00:22:50,536 --> 00:22:53,105 AND OTHER HARMFUL ALCOHOL USE 480 00:22:53,105 --> 00:22:54,573 AND MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY 481 00:22:54,573 --> 00:22:54,907 INDICATORS. 482 00:22:54,907 --> 00:22:56,842 THEY MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO 483 00:22:56,842 --> 00:22:59,211 RESEARCH DATA ACROSS COUNTRIES 484 00:22:59,211 --> 00:23:01,547 EVEN JUST GETTING INFORMATION ON 485 00:23:01,547 --> 00:23:04,650 LIVER DISEASE CAUSED BY ALCOHOL 486 00:23:04,650 --> 00:23:08,020 AND HOW MANY INDIVIDUALS DIE 487 00:23:08,020 --> 00:23:09,221 FROM ALCOHOL AND AUTOMOBILE 488 00:23:09,221 --> 00:23:10,055 ACCIDENTS ACROSS COUNTRIES IS A 489 00:23:10,055 --> 00:23:11,590 CHALLENGE. 490 00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:14,293 AND THE OVER ALL GOAL IS TO 491 00:23:14,293 --> 00:23:16,895 ENHANCE THE RIGOR AND 492 00:23:16,895 --> 00:23:17,896 GENERALIZABILITY OF ALCOHOL 493 00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:18,998 RESEARCH FINDINGS ACROSS THE 494 00:23:18,998 --> 00:23:20,499 WORLD. 495 00:23:20,499 --> 00:23:24,370 SO THIS RFI WILL BE AVAILABLE 496 00:23:24,370 --> 00:23:30,175 FOR COMMENT THIS FALL AND THEN 497 00:23:30,175 --> 00:23:34,680 WE'LL SEE HOW WE CAN INNERVATE 498 00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:39,251 THIS KIND OF EFFORT. 499 00:23:39,251 --> 00:23:41,987 THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 500 00:23:41,987 --> 00:23:43,689 HEALTH IS ALSO INTERESTED IN 501 00:23:43,689 --> 00:23:44,323 INNERVATING IT FROM THEIR 502 00:23:44,323 --> 00:23:46,392 PERSPECTIVE BUT WE HOPE OTHER 503 00:23:46,392 --> 00:23:49,528 COUNTRIES WILL BECOME INVOLVED 504 00:23:49,528 --> 00:23:52,665 AND WANT ON INTEGRATING THIS 505 00:23:52,665 --> 00:23:55,301 WITH THE FOGARTY CENTER. 506 00:23:55,301 --> 00:23:56,935 I'LL DO MY JOURNAL CLUB. 507 00:23:56,935 --> 00:23:59,605 THESE ARE RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 508 00:23:59,605 --> 00:24:02,942 THAT WERE SUGGESTED BY STAFF 509 00:24:02,942 --> 00:24:13,419 FROM EACH OF OUR DIVISIONS. 510 00:24:13,686 --> 00:24:15,654 FROM FETAL ALCOHOL DISORDER TO 511 00:24:15,654 --> 00:24:17,923 INTERVENTION OF TREATMENT OF 512 00:24:17,923 --> 00:24:19,425 ALCOHOL USE DISORDER AND ALCOHOL 513 00:24:19,425 --> 00:24:22,661 ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE AND 514 00:24:22,661 --> 00:24:24,997 FAIRLY QUICKLY. 515 00:24:24,997 --> 00:24:30,436 THIS IS A STUDY BY DR. WANG. 516 00:24:30,436 --> 00:24:33,639 IT WAS PUBLISHED IN MOLECULAR 517 00:24:33,639 --> 00:24:33,939 PSYCHIATRY. 518 00:24:33,939 --> 00:24:37,743 THE TITLE WAS REDUCTION OF 519 00:24:37,743 --> 00:24:40,679 NEURAL BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS IN 520 00:24:40,679 --> 00:24:45,584 FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER 521 00:24:45,584 --> 00:24:56,128 AND APOE LIPO PROTEIN BINDS TO 522 00:24:59,832 --> 00:25:01,367 RECEPTORS. 523 00:25:01,367 --> 00:25:11,910 IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS APOE ARE 524 00:25:16,115 --> 00:25:18,150 AFFECTED BY INJURY AND HAS BEEN 525 00:25:18,150 --> 00:25:21,520 IMPLICATED IN ALZHEIMER'S 526 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:26,558 DISEASE BECAUSE IT CAN INDUCE 527 00:25:26,558 --> 00:25:27,726 EITHER BY ITS ACTIVATION OR 528 00:25:27,726 --> 00:25:30,329 SUPPRESSION A BETA AND TAU 529 00:25:30,329 --> 00:25:31,230 PROTEIN PATHOLOGY. 530 00:25:31,230 --> 00:25:34,500 IN THIS STUDY THEY WERE LOOKING 531 00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:36,535 AT PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. 532 00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:40,172 IT'S QUITE INTRIGUING AND A HUGE 533 00:25:40,172 --> 00:25:41,006 STUDY AND WON'T SHOW ALL THE 534 00:25:41,006 --> 00:25:42,808 DATA BUT EXPANDED TO TWO SLIDES 535 00:25:42,808 --> 00:25:45,144 ON THIS ONE. 536 00:25:45,144 --> 00:25:48,647 IN MICE PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO 537 00:25:48,647 --> 00:25:54,353 ALCOHOL THEY FOUND CHROMATIN 538 00:25:54,353 --> 00:25:55,988 ACCESSIBILITY THROUGH THE LOCUS 539 00:25:55,988 --> 00:25:58,657 GENE WAS DECREASED AND SO THERE 540 00:25:58,657 --> 00:26:02,895 WAS A DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF 541 00:26:02,895 --> 00:26:03,462 APOE EG. 542 00:26:03,462 --> 00:26:05,697 THAT RESULTED IN DECREASED 543 00:26:05,697 --> 00:26:09,835 LEVELS OF APOE IN THE BRAIN AND 544 00:26:09,835 --> 00:26:11,003 PERIPHERAL BLOOD. 545 00:26:11,003 --> 00:26:14,273 AND THESE APOE LEVELS WERE 546 00:26:14,273 --> 00:26:16,708 POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH MOTOR 547 00:26:16,708 --> 00:26:18,844 LEARNING AND ADMINISTRATION OF 548 00:26:18,844 --> 00:26:19,978 AN APOE AGONIST. 549 00:26:19,978 --> 00:26:23,582 IT'S A SMALL MOLECULE THAT GETS 550 00:26:23,582 --> 00:26:25,884 IN THE BRAIN POST NATELY 551 00:26:25,884 --> 00:26:31,056 INCREASED THE NUMBER OF APOE 552 00:26:31,056 --> 00:26:37,129 MOTOR CELLS IN THE CORTEX AND 553 00:26:37,129 --> 00:26:38,931 MITIGATED MOTOR ANXIETY AND 554 00:26:38,931 --> 00:26:39,198 BEHAVIOR. 555 00:26:39,198 --> 00:26:41,233 THE MOLECULE CONTAINS THE 556 00:26:41,233 --> 00:26:43,235 RECEPTOR BINDING UNIT FOR THE 557 00:26:43,235 --> 00:26:46,138 HUMAN APOE AND BINDS THE LOW 558 00:26:46,138 --> 00:26:48,874 DENSITY LIPO PROTEIN RELATED 559 00:26:48,874 --> 00:26:51,543 PROTEIN 1 BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE 560 00:26:51,543 --> 00:26:53,612 THE LIPID BINDING DOMAIN SO IT'S 561 00:26:53,612 --> 00:26:54,980 REALLY AN INTERESTING SERIES OF 562 00:26:54,980 --> 00:27:01,153 STUDIES. 563 00:27:01,153 --> 00:27:04,656 AND USING DATA FROM CHILDREN 564 00:27:04,656 --> 00:27:07,192 PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO ALCOHOL 565 00:27:07,192 --> 00:27:09,428 APOE LEVELS IN THE PERIPHERAL 566 00:27:09,428 --> 00:27:19,838 BLOOD AND REDUCED WERE 567 00:27:24,743 --> 00:27:33,552 ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER COGNITION 568 00:27:33,552 --> 00:27:40,192 AND THE RIGHT FORECLOIGURE IS F 569 00:27:40,192 --> 00:27:42,528 THOSE ON THE FASD PROGRAM DONE 570 00:27:42,528 --> 00:27:46,298 IN UKRAINE BEFORE THE WAR, 571 00:27:46,298 --> 00:27:46,565 OBVIOUSLY. 572 00:27:46,565 --> 00:27:49,801 SO PRETTY COMPELLING 573 00:27:49,801 --> 00:27:50,769 TRANSLATIONAL WORK FROM THE 574 00:27:50,769 --> 00:27:56,341 RODENT TO THE HUMAN SUGGESTING 575 00:27:56,341 --> 00:27:58,510 SOMETHING THAT INTERFACES WITH 576 00:27:58,510 --> 00:28:02,281 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER 577 00:28:02,281 --> 00:28:06,051 PATHOLOGIES IN THE BRAIN ALSO 578 00:28:06,051 --> 00:28:07,052 TRIGGERED BY FETAL ALCOHOL 579 00:28:07,052 --> 00:28:07,519 SPECTRUM DISORDER. 580 00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:10,689 WE LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING THIS 581 00:28:10,689 --> 00:28:13,025 EVOLVE TO POSSIBLE TRANSLATIONAL 582 00:28:13,025 --> 00:28:23,268 INTERVENTIONS. 583 00:28:32,945 --> 00:28:35,347 AND THIS WORK WAS STARTED BY 584 00:28:35,347 --> 00:28:38,450 INDIVIDUALS IN OUR INTRAMURAL 585 00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:41,453 PROGRAM AND THERE WAS A PAPER IN 586 00:28:41,453 --> 00:28:43,088 TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY INTO 587 00:28:43,088 --> 00:28:44,289 IDENTIFYING SOME OF THE 588 00:28:44,289 --> 00:28:48,460 UNDERLYING FACTORS OF THE 589 00:28:48,460 --> 00:28:50,629 ADDICTIONS NEURAL CLINICAL 590 00:28:50,629 --> 00:28:52,397 ASSESSMENT THAT HELPS CLASSIFY 591 00:28:52,397 --> 00:28:53,231 INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT 592 00:28:53,231 --> 00:28:53,999 ALCOHOL USE DISORDER. 593 00:28:53,999 --> 00:28:58,670 IN A PROSPECTIVE NEW SAMPLE 594 00:28:58,670 --> 00:29:01,106 ACROSS THE SPECTRUM RESEARCHERS 595 00:29:01,106 --> 00:29:02,841 TESTED AN ASSESSMENT BATTERY AND 596 00:29:02,841 --> 00:29:05,844 STUDIED THE THREE DOMAINS OF THE 597 00:29:05,844 --> 00:29:06,812 ADDITIONS NEURO CLINICAL 598 00:29:06,812 --> 00:29:07,112 ASSESSMENT. 599 00:29:07,112 --> 00:29:11,984 I THINK MOST ARE FAMILIAR BY NOW 600 00:29:11,984 --> 00:29:14,987 AND AFFECTS EMOTIONALITY AND 601 00:29:14,987 --> 00:29:15,821 EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND 602 00:29:15,821 --> 00:29:17,389 IDENTIFIED 10 FACTORS UNDER THE 603 00:29:17,389 --> 00:29:17,990 DOMAINS. 604 00:29:17,990 --> 00:29:21,360 OF THE 10 FACTORS, ALCOHOL 605 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:26,431 MOTIVATION INTERNALIZING AND 606 00:29:26,431 --> 00:29:28,367 IMPULSIVITY AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS 607 00:29:28,367 --> 00:29:29,334 AND SHOWN IN THE SLIDE. 608 00:29:29,334 --> 00:29:31,570 IF YOU TAKE THE THREE DOMAINS, 609 00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:34,506 EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND LOOK AT 610 00:29:34,506 --> 00:29:37,776 THE STANDARDIZED SCORE AND LOOK 611 00:29:37,776 --> 00:29:40,379 AT THE SOLID BLACK LINES ARE THE 612 00:29:40,379 --> 00:29:44,282 NON AUD AND THE GRAY BARS ARE 613 00:29:44,282 --> 00:29:45,651 THE AUD FOR EXECUTIVE FUNCTION 614 00:29:45,651 --> 00:29:47,019 THERE WERE A NUMBER OF THINGS 615 00:29:47,019 --> 00:29:50,722 THAT CONTRIBUTED BUT IMPULSIVITY 616 00:29:50,722 --> 00:29:54,459 AND SALIENCE IT WAS ALCOHOL 617 00:29:54,459 --> 00:29:56,962 MOTIVATION A MAJOR DIFFERENCE 618 00:29:56,962 --> 00:30:04,536 AGAIN AUD AND NON-AUD AND FOR 619 00:30:04,536 --> 00:30:07,739 NEGATIVE EMOTIONALITY 620 00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:08,674 INTERNALIZING SCORES WOULD MAKE 621 00:30:08,674 --> 00:30:11,243 SENSE BUT ALSO PSYCHOLOGICAL 622 00:30:11,243 --> 00:30:13,178 STRENGTH WHICH I THOUGHT WAS 623 00:30:13,178 --> 00:30:13,979 INTERESTING. 624 00:30:13,979 --> 00:30:16,114 SO THESE RESULTS REVEALED 625 00:30:16,114 --> 00:30:19,051 ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONALITY TO THE 626 00:30:19,051 --> 00:30:21,186 ANA DOMAINS BRINGING DIFFERENT 627 00:30:21,186 --> 00:30:26,024 CONSTRUCTS TO A SINGLE COHESIVE 628 00:30:26,024 --> 00:30:26,291 FRAMEWORK. 629 00:30:26,291 --> 00:30:28,493 THIS PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES FOR 630 00:30:28,493 --> 00:30:34,733 THE ANA FRAMEWORK TO BE 631 00:30:34,733 --> 00:30:36,735 INCORPORATED IN STUDY DESIGNS 632 00:30:36,735 --> 00:30:38,637 INCLUDING FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF 633 00:30:38,637 --> 00:30:38,870 HUMANS. 634 00:30:38,870 --> 00:30:42,374 SO MAYBE WE'LL BE ABLE TO 635 00:30:42,374 --> 00:30:45,377 CONFIRM OR UNCONFIRM OR NOT 636 00:30:45,377 --> 00:30:46,745 CONFIRM SOME OF THE CIRCUITRY 637 00:30:46,745 --> 00:30:49,581 IDENTIFIED IN ANIMAL MODELS BY 638 00:30:49,581 --> 00:30:52,350 LOOKING AT THESE SUB DOMAINS OF 639 00:30:52,350 --> 00:30:54,252 DYSFUNCTION IN HUMAN INDIVIDUALS 640 00:30:54,252 --> 00:30:56,955 WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER. 641 00:30:56,955 --> 00:31:01,793 IT'S VERY EXCITING AND MOVING 642 00:31:01,793 --> 00:31:02,327 FORWARD. 643 00:31:02,327 --> 00:31:03,795 SOME ON COUNCIL WORKED IN THIS 644 00:31:03,795 --> 00:31:04,996 AREA AND MADE CONTRIBUTIONS TO 645 00:31:04,996 --> 00:31:09,468 THE DISCRIMINATIONS OF DIFFERENT 646 00:31:09,468 --> 00:31:11,369 MOTIVATIONS FOR ALCOHOL SEEKING 647 00:31:11,369 --> 00:31:21,913 AND I FLAGGED THE PAPER BECAUSE 648 00:31:29,788 --> 00:31:33,425 IT ARGUES THE AFFECT OF ALCOHOL 649 00:31:33,425 --> 00:31:34,793 MISUSE AND COLLEGE STUDENTS. 650 00:31:34,793 --> 00:31:38,130 THE HYPOTHESIS IS NEGATIVE 651 00:31:38,130 --> 00:31:39,965 AEFFECT MEDIATED THE 652 00:31:39,965 --> 00:31:42,734 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEXUAL AND 653 00:31:42,734 --> 00:31:46,705 GENERALIZED HARASSMENT AND 654 00:31:46,705 --> 00:31:49,541 ALCOHOL MISUSE. 655 00:31:49,541 --> 00:31:52,344 ABOUT 3,000 COLLEGE FRESHMEN IN 656 00:31:52,344 --> 00:31:54,880 A COLLEGE IN THE MIDWEST FROM 657 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:58,116 EIGHT COLLEGES IN THE MIDWEST, I 658 00:31:58,116 --> 00:32:01,953 MIGHT ADD, THOSE WHO EXPERIENCED 659 00:32:01,953 --> 00:32:05,056 HARASSMENT REPORTED MORE 660 00:32:05,056 --> 00:32:07,492 ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS THE 661 00:32:07,492 --> 00:32:12,464 RAPI PROBLEMS MODEL THERE AND 662 00:32:12,464 --> 00:32:17,869 THOSE ARE BETA SCORES LISTED. 663 00:32:17,869 --> 00:32:28,413 AND YOU SEE IS THE SIGNIFICANCE 664 00:32:32,684 --> 00:32:34,986 FOR HARASSMENT AT SCHOOL AND THE 665 00:32:34,986 --> 00:32:38,790 INDEX ARE WHAT THE RPI ARE. 666 00:32:38,790 --> 00:32:40,759 THE RAPI STANDS FOR AND THAT'S 667 00:32:40,759 --> 00:32:41,960 THE FIRST COLUMN THERE AND I 668 00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:43,762 WANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT AND THEY 669 00:32:43,762 --> 00:32:46,865 ARE USED THE NEGATIVE 670 00:32:46,865 --> 00:32:49,167 AFFECTIVITY ASSESSED WITH THE 671 00:32:49,167 --> 00:32:51,603 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT 672 00:32:51,603 --> 00:32:53,205 SCALE. 673 00:32:53,205 --> 00:32:55,440 THE GENERALIZED HARASSMENT 674 00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:57,409 MEASURED WITH THE QUESTIONNAIRE 675 00:32:57,409 --> 00:33:01,179 AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT WITH A 676 00:33:01,179 --> 00:33:04,316 MODIFIED 13I QUESTIONNAIRE. 677 00:33:04,316 --> 00:33:06,985 USING ALL THE METRICS THEY 678 00:33:06,985 --> 00:33:08,520 SHOWED THOSE WHO EXPERIENCED 679 00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:10,555 HARASSMENT REPORTED MORE 680 00:33:10,555 --> 00:33:13,391 ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS, HIGHER 681 00:33:13,391 --> 00:33:15,994 LEVELS OF ALCOHOL, PROBLEMS 682 00:33:15,994 --> 00:33:20,165 INCLUDED BINGE DRINKING AND 683 00:33:20,165 --> 00:33:23,068 DRINKING TO INTOXICATION AND 684 00:33:23,068 --> 00:33:24,069 INCREASING NEGATIVE AFFECT IN 685 00:33:24,069 --> 00:33:25,070 THE TOP PANEL. 686 00:33:25,070 --> 00:33:27,172 IT SUGGESTED NEGATIVE AFFECT MAY 687 00:33:27,172 --> 00:33:30,275 BE A MEDIATED MECHANISM BETWEEN 688 00:33:30,275 --> 00:33:33,011 EXPERIENCED HARASSMENT AND 689 00:33:33,011 --> 00:33:34,279 SUBSEQUENT ALCOHOL MISUSE AND 690 00:33:34,279 --> 00:33:35,413 RELATED PROBLEMS. 691 00:33:35,413 --> 00:33:38,083 THE HARASSMENT NEEDS TO NEGATIVE 692 00:33:38,083 --> 00:33:38,350 AFFECT. 693 00:33:38,350 --> 00:33:41,586 THE NEGATIVE AFFECT IS A 694 00:33:41,586 --> 00:33:42,854 MEDIATOR IN SETTING UP FOR 695 00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:43,488 PROBLEMS WITH ALCOHOL DOWN THE 696 00:33:43,488 --> 00:33:51,263 LINE. 697 00:33:51,263 --> 00:33:53,465 IT'S AN INTERESTING WAY OF THE 698 00:33:53,465 --> 00:33:55,634 NEGATIVE COMPONENT IN YOUNG 699 00:33:55,634 --> 00:34:02,540 PEOPLE AND AN EARLY PART OF THE 700 00:34:02,540 --> 00:34:03,308 TRAJECTORY TO ALCOHOL PROBLEMS. 701 00:34:03,308 --> 00:34:04,075 AND SO I FLAG IT FOR THAT 702 00:34:04,075 --> 00:34:11,149 REASON. 703 00:34:11,149 --> 00:34:15,420 THIS PARTICULAR STUDY WAS AN 704 00:34:15,420 --> 00:34:17,022 ALCOHOL POLICY STUDY. 705 00:34:17,022 --> 00:34:21,860 IT'S REALLY INTRIGUING HOW THEY 706 00:34:21,860 --> 00:34:22,127 DID THIS. 707 00:34:22,127 --> 00:34:25,363 THE TITLE IS ALCOHOL POLICIES 708 00:34:25,363 --> 00:34:26,131 PROVIDE INE OPPORTUNITY TO 709 00:34:26,131 --> 00:34:27,999 REDUCE HOMICIDES IN THE UNITED 710 00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:28,733 STATES. 711 00:34:28,733 --> 00:34:31,002 TO UNDERSTAND HOW ALCOHOL 712 00:34:31,002 --> 00:34:31,970 POLICIES INFLUENCE VIOLENCE 713 00:34:31,970 --> 00:34:33,571 ACROSS THE UNITED STATES THE 714 00:34:33,571 --> 00:34:35,206 STUDY USED A COMPOSITE MEASURE 715 00:34:35,206 --> 00:34:36,374 OF STATE LEVEL ALCOHOL POLICIES 716 00:34:36,374 --> 00:34:39,077 WHICH IS KNOWN AS THE ALCOHOL 717 00:34:39,077 --> 00:34:42,380 POLICY SCALE AND DATA ON DEATHS 718 00:34:42,380 --> 00:34:45,116 FROM 2002 TO 2019. 719 00:34:45,116 --> 00:34:46,985 THE RESULTS SUGGESTED ALCOHOL 720 00:34:46,985 --> 00:34:49,187 POLICY RESTRICTIVENESS IS 721 00:34:49,187 --> 00:34:53,758 ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER TOTAL 722 00:34:53,758 --> 00:34:56,795 HOMICIDES AND FIREARM HOMICIDES 723 00:34:56,795 --> 00:34:58,596 IT LOOKS AT ALCOHOL RESTRICTIONS 724 00:34:58,596 --> 00:35:02,968 FROM THE 25th TO 75th PERCENTILE 725 00:35:02,968 --> 00:35:07,872 WOULD RESULT IN ALMOST 275 726 00:35:07,872 --> 00:35:09,207 HOMICIDES THERE'S NO CLEAR 727 00:35:09,207 --> 00:35:10,742 ASSOCIATION OF ALCOHOL POLICY 728 00:35:10,742 --> 00:35:11,977 WITH SUICIDE. 729 00:35:11,977 --> 00:35:17,482 THE LEFT HAND PANEL ACTUALLY 730 00:35:17,482 --> 00:35:27,025 SHOWS THE DIFFERENCE IN ALCOHOL 731 00:35:27,025 --> 00:35:37,435 POLICY AND TAKING THAT 732 00:35:38,603 --> 00:35:40,705 INFORMATION AND APPLYING THAT TO 733 00:35:40,705 --> 00:35:42,540 PREDICTED CHANGE IN DEATHS IN 734 00:35:42,540 --> 00:35:44,843 2018 IF STATES IMPLEMENTED MORE 735 00:35:44,843 --> 00:35:45,944 RESTRICTIVE POLICIES, WHAT YOU 736 00:35:45,944 --> 00:35:50,982 CAN SEE IS A DRAMATIC REDUCTION 737 00:35:50,982 --> 00:35:57,122 IN HOMICIDES AND IT'S SPECIFIC 738 00:35:57,122 --> 00:35:59,791 TO HOMICIDE. 739 00:35:59,791 --> 00:36:02,227 IT'S A FASCINATING STUDY AND 740 00:36:02,227 --> 00:36:04,496 TALKS A WHILE TO GET YOUR HEAD 741 00:36:04,496 --> 00:36:07,332 AROUND HOW THEY DID THIS AND 742 00:36:07,332 --> 00:36:08,800 PRETTY COOL OBVIOUSLY OR I 743 00:36:08,800 --> 00:36:11,503 WOULDN'T HAVE HIGHLIGHTED IT. 744 00:36:11,503 --> 00:36:14,839 FINALLY I'LL END WITH 745 00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:19,077 CONTRIBUTION FROM OUR COLLEAGUES 746 00:36:19,077 --> 00:36:24,983 IN THE LIVER FIELD. 747 00:36:24,983 --> 00:36:27,085 SOME OF OUR INTRAMURAL AND 748 00:36:27,085 --> 00:36:37,529 EXTRAMURAL INVESTIGATORS. 749 00:36:39,064 --> 00:36:41,866 AND HEAVY DRINKING IS DEFINED AS 750 00:36:41,866 --> 00:36:46,337 FOUR OR MORE A DAY AND FIVE OR 751 00:36:46,337 --> 00:36:56,848 MORE DRINKS PER WEEK FOR MEN. 752 00:37:06,858 --> 00:37:10,395 AND WE'LL SEE IF IT CAN REDUCE 753 00:37:10,395 --> 00:37:12,330 PROGRESSION OF LIVER DISEASE AND 754 00:37:12,330 --> 00:37:14,799 IN 2001 NIAAA COMMISSIONED A 755 00:37:14,799 --> 00:37:17,602 TASK FORCE WITH HEPATOLOGISTS 756 00:37:17,602 --> 00:37:19,270 AND STATISTICIANS AND CLINICAL 757 00:37:19,270 --> 00:37:21,072 TRIALIST -- I ALWAYS LIKE THAT 758 00:37:21,072 --> 00:37:24,876 WORD, CLINICAL TRIALIST. 759 00:37:24,876 --> 00:37:26,444 GOLDMAN, ARE YOU A CLINICAL 760 00:37:26,444 --> 00:37:28,246 TRIALIST AND REGULATORY AGENCIES 761 00:37:28,246 --> 00:37:29,514 TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 762 00:37:29,514 --> 00:37:32,183 THE DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF 763 00:37:32,183 --> 00:37:33,351 CLINICAL TRIALS TO EVALUATE THE 764 00:37:33,351 --> 00:37:34,886 EFFECT OF ALCOHOL USE AND 765 00:37:34,886 --> 00:37:37,522 TREATMENT TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE 766 00:37:37,522 --> 00:37:42,994 ALCOHOL USE IN PATIENTS FROM 767 00:37:42,994 --> 00:37:45,330 ALD. 768 00:37:45,330 --> 00:37:47,732 AND THE GROUP'S CONSENSUS IS TO 769 00:37:47,732 --> 00:37:48,566 DO THE FOLLOWING. 770 00:37:48,566 --> 00:37:55,740 I LISTED FIVE UP THERE AND THERE 771 00:37:55,740 --> 00:37:57,809 WERE EXPERTS ON THE ALD RESEARCH 772 00:37:57,809 --> 00:37:59,777 TEAM TO ENSURE ACCURATE 773 00:37:59,777 --> 00:38:02,981 SELECTION OF MEASURES FOR 774 00:38:02,981 --> 00:38:06,284 ALCOHOL USE AND AUD SYMPTOMS AND 775 00:38:06,284 --> 00:38:13,258 AUD RELATED OUTCOMES. 776 00:38:13,258 --> 00:38:14,926 MEASURE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION 777 00:38:14,926 --> 00:38:20,565 BEFORE AND CLINICAL TRIALS IN 778 00:38:20,565 --> 00:38:24,202 ALL PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE 779 00:38:24,202 --> 00:38:27,739 WIN THE AFFECTS OF RIVER-RELATED 780 00:38:27,739 --> 00:38:28,239 OUTCOME. 781 00:38:28,239 --> 00:38:33,244 ASSESS CARDIO METABOLIC RISK 782 00:38:33,244 --> 00:38:36,581 FACTOR AND TAILOR INCLUSION AND 783 00:38:36,581 --> 00:38:38,416 EXCLUSION CRITERIA ACCORDING TO 784 00:38:38,416 --> 00:38:43,755 THE STAGE OF LIVER DISEASE. 785 00:38:43,755 --> 00:38:48,426 MONITOR AND ADJUDICATE ADVERSE 786 00:38:48,426 --> 00:38:50,862 EVENTS BY A SEPARATE HE PATTIC 787 00:38:50,862 --> 00:38:53,498 COMMITTEE WITH AN INDIVIDUAL AND 788 00:38:53,498 --> 00:38:58,369 STUDY GROUP AND ADDRESS STIGMA 789 00:38:58,369 --> 00:39:02,674 AND DEVELOP RECRUITMENT AND 790 00:39:02,674 --> 00:39:04,742 GENERALIZABILITY OF THE 791 00:39:04,742 --> 00:39:05,009 FINDINGS. 792 00:39:05,009 --> 00:39:08,479 THAT ONE IS IMPORTANT AND OFTEN 793 00:39:08,479 --> 00:39:18,590 GOES UNDER THE RADAR. 794 00:39:18,590 --> 00:39:20,892 AND I'LL GO THROUGH THIS RIFF OF 795 00:39:20,892 --> 00:39:21,726 A SLIDES. 796 00:39:21,726 --> 00:39:25,296 I ASK YOU PLEASE DO THE SAME 797 00:39:25,296 --> 00:39:26,898 WHENEVER YOU HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY 798 00:39:26,898 --> 00:39:29,133 THEY GIVE YOU THREE EXTRA 799 00:39:29,133 --> 00:39:30,401 MINUTES FOR YOUR TALK ON ALCOHOL 800 00:39:30,401 --> 00:39:33,238 AND THROW THIS IN AT THE END. 801 00:39:33,238 --> 00:39:35,607 NOBODY'S GOING TO NOTICE YOU 802 00:39:35,607 --> 00:39:38,142 DIDN'T DO IT BUT THEY WILL 803 00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:41,579 NOTICE IF YOU DO, DO IT. 804 00:39:41,579 --> 00:39:45,016 NIAAA WEB SOURCE FOR SCHOOL, 805 00:39:45,016 --> 00:39:48,253 MIDDLE SCHOOL INTERACTIVE 806 00:39:48,253 --> 00:39:51,456 ACTIVITIES TO HELP REINFORCE KEY 807 00:39:51,456 --> 00:39:53,024 MESSAGES ABOUT PEER PRESSURE AND 808 00:39:53,024 --> 00:39:55,660 TOPICS RELATED TO UNDER AGE 809 00:39:55,660 --> 00:39:58,429 DRINKING AND ONLINE RESOURCE FOR 810 00:39:58,429 --> 00:40:03,668 TEENS HOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS YOUR 811 00:40:03,668 --> 00:40:05,069 HEALTH AND WHERE TO GET HEALTH 812 00:40:05,069 --> 00:40:06,237 FOR ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS. 813 00:40:06,237 --> 00:40:08,239 YOU HEARD THIS BEFORE, 814 00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:09,774 RETHINKING DRINKING. 815 00:40:09,774 --> 00:40:11,976 EVERY PRESS INTERVIEW I DO I 816 00:40:11,976 --> 00:40:14,846 RECOMMEND RETHINKING DRINKING AT 817 00:40:14,846 --> 00:40:15,413 THE END. 818 00:40:15,413 --> 00:40:15,813 COLLEGE AIM. 819 00:40:15,813 --> 00:40:18,716 YOU KNOW ABOUT THAT ONE. 820 00:40:18,716 --> 00:40:20,051 THE ALCOHOL TREATMENT NAVIGATOR. 821 00:40:20,051 --> 00:40:23,955 ANOTHER ONE I PROBABLY USE AND I 822 00:40:23,955 --> 00:40:26,024 KNOW WE BOTH USE RETHINKING 823 00:40:26,024 --> 00:40:27,725 DRINKING THE NAVIGATOR IN EVERY 824 00:40:27,725 --> 00:40:30,495 PRESS INTERVIEW WE DO. 825 00:40:30,495 --> 00:40:33,631 WHETHER IT'S WRITTEN OR ORAL AND 826 00:40:33,631 --> 00:40:36,601 WE PROBABLY AVERAGE ONE OR TWO 827 00:40:36,601 --> 00:40:37,235 EVERY WEEK. 828 00:40:37,235 --> 00:40:40,238 AND THIS IS THE ONLINE THAT 829 00:40:40,238 --> 00:40:43,174 HELPS INDIVIDUALS UNDERSTAND AND 830 00:40:43,174 --> 00:40:44,042 SEARCH TREATMENT OPTIONS 831 00:40:44,042 --> 00:40:46,577 INCLUDING TELEHEALTH SERVICES 832 00:40:46,577 --> 00:40:48,613 THAT INCLUDES A PORTAL TO ASSIST 833 00:40:48,613 --> 00:40:50,415 HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN MAKING 834 00:40:50,415 --> 00:40:54,986 REFERRALS TO THEIR PATIENTS, 835 00:40:54,986 --> 00:40:56,754 DESCRIBES WHAT IS AN AUD. 836 00:40:56,754 --> 00:41:02,527 IT DESCRIBES THE SPECTRUM OF 837 00:41:02,527 --> 00:41:03,795 SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH AUD AND 838 00:41:03,795 --> 00:41:09,400 SPECTRUM OF TREATMENTS FOR AUD. 839 00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:14,305 THIS WAS SOMETHING THAT BEGAN 840 00:41:14,305 --> 00:41:16,441 WITH BOB AND HE'S COMING UP NEXT 841 00:41:16,441 --> 00:41:20,678 AND FINISHED BY ANOTHER TEAM AND 842 00:41:20,678 --> 00:41:21,412 HAS BEEN A BIG SUCCESS. 843 00:41:21,412 --> 00:41:26,351 WHEREVER I GO NOW AND WORK WITH 844 00:41:26,351 --> 00:41:28,986 CLINICIANS THEY ALL -- I WAS 845 00:41:28,986 --> 00:41:34,459 WITH A GROUP OF LOMA LINDA DOING 846 00:41:34,459 --> 00:41:35,159 SPECIALIST TRAINING AND THEY 847 00:41:35,159 --> 00:41:37,829 WERE WELL AWARE OF THE TREATMENT 848 00:41:37,829 --> 00:41:38,629 NAVIGATOR AND USING IT ON A 849 00:41:38,629 --> 00:41:41,065 REGULAR BASIS. 850 00:41:41,065 --> 00:41:43,968 YOU GUYS DID GOOD. 851 00:41:43,968 --> 00:41:44,669 AND THEN THERE'S THE HEALTH CARE 852 00:41:44,669 --> 00:41:45,370 PROFESSIONAL RESOURCES. 853 00:41:45,370 --> 00:41:49,140 THIS IS WHAT WE DID DURING THE 854 00:41:49,140 --> 00:41:50,274 PANDEMIC. 855 00:41:50,274 --> 00:41:52,777 THIS IS THE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL 856 00:41:52,777 --> 00:41:55,313 RESOURCE THAT COVERS THE BASIC 857 00:41:55,313 --> 00:41:56,080 FOR WHAT EVERY HEALTH CARE 858 00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:58,750 PROFESSIONAL NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT 859 00:41:58,750 --> 00:41:59,684 ALCOHOL AND INCLUDING WAYS HOW 860 00:41:59,684 --> 00:42:02,220 IT CAN IMPACT HEALTH AND PROVIDE 861 00:42:02,220 --> 00:42:03,254 STRATEGIES FOR ALCOHOL SCREENING 862 00:42:03,254 --> 00:42:04,355 AND INTERVENTION. 863 00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:06,057 SO THESE ARE ALL ON OUR WEBSITE. 864 00:42:06,057 --> 00:42:10,528 ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS TYPE NIAAA 865 00:42:10,528 --> 00:42:12,397 INTO ANY SEARCH ENGINE AND 866 00:42:12,397 --> 00:42:13,231 YOU'LL GET THERE WITHIN ONE OR 867 00:42:13,231 --> 00:42:15,400 TWO CLICKS. 868 00:42:15,400 --> 00:42:17,335 SO CLICK AWAY AND URGE EVERYONE 869 00:42:17,335 --> 00:42:25,343 ELSE TO CLICK AWAY, PLEASE. 870 00:42:25,343 --> 00:42:28,446 AND NIAAA RECENTLY LAUNCHED THE 871 00:42:28,446 --> 00:42:29,680 LINKEDIN PAGE TO ENGAGE 872 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:34,018 RESEARCHERS AND OTHER 873 00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:34,352 PROFESSIONALS. 874 00:42:34,352 --> 00:42:37,221 EACH INSTITUTE AT NIH IS ALLOWED 875 00:42:37,221 --> 00:42:38,089 TO HAVE ONE OR TWO AS PART OF 876 00:42:38,089 --> 00:42:43,694 THE ORGANIZATION. 877 00:42:43,694 --> 00:42:49,100 YOU CAN HAVE YOUR OWN PERSONAL 878 00:42:49,100 --> 00:42:49,767 LINKED IN PAGE. 879 00:42:49,767 --> 00:42:52,470 SO THANKS A LOT. 880 00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:55,373 I WANT NIAAA TO BE OUR SOURCE, 881 00:42:55,373 --> 00:42:57,442 YOUR SOURCE FOR CREDIBLE 882 00:42:57,442 --> 00:42:58,075 EVIDENCE-BASED INFORMATION ABOUT 883 00:42:58,075 --> 00:42:59,177 ALCOHOL AND HEALTH. 884 00:42:59,177 --> 00:43:00,678 THIS IS THE DRIVING FORCE OF THE 885 00:43:00,678 --> 00:43:04,882 LAST COUPLE OF YEARS OF MY 886 00:43:04,882 --> 00:43:08,586 EFFORTS AND I THINK YOU CAN SEE 887 00:43:08,586 --> 00:43:15,760 FROM THE WAY I DO THESE RESEARCH 888 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:17,161 HIGHLIGHTS THERE'S THE BEGINNING 889 00:43:17,161 --> 00:43:19,197 OF TRANSLATION NOW FROM 890 00:43:19,197 --> 00:43:21,899 PRECLINICAL TO THE CLINICAL AND 891 00:43:21,899 --> 00:43:24,035 EVEN IN THE SAME STUDY WHERE 892 00:43:24,035 --> 00:43:27,038 PEOPLE ARE PUBLISHING IN PLACES 893 00:43:27,038 --> 00:43:29,674 LIKE TRANSLATIONAL AND MOLECULAR 894 00:43:29,674 --> 00:43:32,410 PSYCHIATRY PAPERS WHERE YOU HAVE 895 00:43:32,410 --> 00:43:36,414 ANIMAL DATA, PRE CLINICAL DATA, 896 00:43:36,414 --> 00:43:36,881 HUMAN DATA. 897 00:43:36,881 --> 00:43:38,716 AND CROSS-TALK BETWEEN THE TWO. 898 00:43:38,716 --> 00:43:40,818 SO I SEE PROGRESS. 899 00:43:40,818 --> 00:43:42,987 IT TAKES A WHILE BUT I SEE 900 00:43:42,987 --> 00:43:47,191 PROGRESS. 901 00:43:47,191 --> 00:43:47,525 OKAY. 902 00:43:47,525 --> 00:43:51,329 SO THE NEXT PART OF OUR COUNCIL 903 00:43:51,329 --> 00:43:55,967 IS A PLEASURABLE ONE FOR ME. 904 00:43:55,967 --> 00:44:00,938 SO BOB, DO YOU WANT TO COME UP? 905 00:44:00,938 --> 00:44:04,575 WE'LL NOW PRESENT THE 2024 906 00:44:04,575 --> 00:44:10,982 HAROLD HUGHES MEMORIAL AWARD. 907 00:44:10,982 --> 00:44:15,753 THIS AWARD -- NOW SMILE, BOB. 908 00:44:15,753 --> 00:44:17,788 THIS RECOGNIZES THE 909 00:44:17,788 --> 00:44:19,624 CONTRIBUTIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL 910 00:44:19,624 --> 00:44:20,958 WHOSE WORK TRANSLATES TO 911 00:44:20,958 --> 00:44:23,160 PRACTICE AND BUILDS BRIDGES 912 00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:24,362 ACROSS ALCOHOL, PREVENTION, 913 00:44:24,362 --> 00:44:27,031 TREATMENT AND POLICY MAKING 914 00:44:27,031 --> 00:44:29,267 COMMUNITIES. 915 00:44:29,267 --> 00:44:32,470 THE AWARD COMMEMORATES THE 916 00:44:32,470 --> 00:44:34,639 LEGACY OF U.S. SENATOR HAROLD 917 00:44:34,639 --> 00:44:36,874 HUGHES WHO SPEARHEADED REFORMS 918 00:44:36,874 --> 00:44:39,744 TO IMPROVE ALCOHOL POLICY AND 919 00:44:39,744 --> 00:44:43,648 SUPPORT ALCOHOL TREATMENT. 920 00:44:43,648 --> 00:44:47,251 HE WAS A MAJOR FORCE IN NIAAA BY 921 00:44:47,251 --> 00:44:49,620 THE LEGISLATION INTRODUCED IN 922 00:44:49,620 --> 00:44:50,121 1970. 923 00:44:50,121 --> 00:44:52,857 WE CELEBRATED OUR 50th 924 00:44:52,857 --> 00:44:55,893 ANNIVERSARY TWO YEARS AGO. 925 00:44:55,893 --> 00:44:58,262 HE ACKNOWLEDGED HIS OWN PERSONAL 926 00:44:58,262 --> 00:44:59,931 JOURNEY AS A PERSON IN RECOVERY. 927 00:44:59,931 --> 00:45:02,400 HE WAS AN OUTSPOKEN ADVOCATE 928 00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:03,534 AGAINST STIGMA WHICH CAN ACT AS 929 00:45:03,534 --> 00:45:05,503 A BARRIER TO TREATMENT. 930 00:45:05,503 --> 00:45:07,905 TODAY I AM PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE 931 00:45:07,905 --> 00:45:11,208 THIS YEAR'S HUGHES AWARD 932 00:45:11,208 --> 00:45:20,151 RECIPIENT IS DR. ROBERT HUBENER. 933 00:45:20,151 --> 00:45:24,322 YOU ONLY GET A CLAP WHEN YOU 934 00:45:24,322 --> 00:45:28,059 JOIN AND LEAVE NIH. 935 00:45:28,059 --> 00:45:30,494 HE SERVED AS A LONG TIME 936 00:45:30,494 --> 00:45:31,596 COORDINATOR AND CHAMPION OF 937 00:45:31,596 --> 00:45:32,563 ALCOHOL TREATMENT RESEARCH 938 00:45:32,563 --> 00:45:34,432 DURING HIS CAREER AT NIAAA AND 939 00:45:34,432 --> 00:45:36,167 AFTER HIS RETIREMENT FROM THE 940 00:45:36,167 --> 00:45:36,601 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 941 00:45:36,601 --> 00:45:40,671 IN A CAREER SPANNING NEARLY FOUR 942 00:45:40,671 --> 00:45:43,007 DECADES INCLUDING 30 YEARS AT 943 00:45:43,007 --> 00:45:45,910 NIAAA HE PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN 944 00:45:45,910 --> 00:45:48,946 FOSTERING EFFORTS TO PROMOTE 945 00:45:48,946 --> 00:45:53,651 EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH AND ITS 946 00:45:53,651 --> 00:45:54,919 IMPLEMENTATION IN EVERYDAY 947 00:45:54,919 --> 00:45:55,219 PRACTICE. 948 00:45:55,219 --> 00:45:57,121 AFTER HIS REQUIREMENT HE SERVED 949 00:45:57,121 --> 00:46:00,625 AS CHAIR OF THE FRIENDS OF NIAAA 950 00:46:00,625 --> 00:46:03,628 FROM 2018 TO 2023 WHERE HE 951 00:46:03,628 --> 00:46:05,896 BROUGHT HIS EXPERTISE TO BEAR 952 00:46:05,896 --> 00:46:08,165 AND EXPERIENCE TO BEAR TO 953 00:46:08,165 --> 00:46:08,766 ADVANCE ALCOHOL RESEARCH MORE 954 00:46:08,766 --> 00:46:11,202 BROADLY. 955 00:46:11,202 --> 00:46:13,137 BOB, ON BEHALF OF NIAAA, I'M 956 00:46:13,137 --> 00:46:16,540 VERY PLEASED TO PRESENT YOU WITH 957 00:46:16,540 --> 00:46:20,711 THE 2024 HUGHES AWARD. 958 00:46:20,711 --> 00:46:25,383 CONGRATULATIONS. 959 00:46:25,383 --> 00:46:27,018 AND THERE'S SUPPOSED TO BE A 960 00:46:27,018 --> 00:46:28,052 PLOT SOMEWHERE. 961 00:46:28,052 --> 00:46:29,987 THERE IT IS. 962 00:46:29,987 --> 00:46:32,123 BOB DID AN OUTSTANDING JOB WITH 963 00:46:32,123 --> 00:46:33,858 THE FRIENDS OF NIAAA AND THEY'VE 964 00:46:33,858 --> 00:46:36,961 BECOME MORE ACTIVE AND MORE 965 00:46:36,961 --> 00:46:38,229 BROADLY ENGAGED IN OUR SOCIETY. 966 00:46:38,229 --> 00:46:40,531 I THINK IT'S REALLY BEEN A GREAT 967 00:46:40,531 --> 00:46:50,775 CONTRIBUTION. 968 00:46:58,115 --> 00:47:08,159 OKAY. 969 00:47:27,278 --> 00:47:28,179 >> OKAY, EVERYONE. 970 00:47:28,179 --> 00:47:31,015 SO WE'RE AT THE POINT FOR 971 00:47:31,015 --> 00:47:34,852 COUNCIL DISCUSSION. 972 00:47:34,852 --> 00:47:35,586 WE HAVE 12 MINUTES. 973 00:47:35,586 --> 00:47:37,388 SO IF THERE'S ANYTHING YOU 974 00:47:37,388 --> 00:47:39,256 WANTED TO BRING UP, MOST PLEASED 975 00:47:39,256 --> 00:47:41,058 TO HEAR IT. 976 00:47:41,058 --> 00:47:42,860 IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ON WHAT I 977 00:47:42,860 --> 00:47:44,395 JUST TALKED ABOUT, PLEASED TO 978 00:47:44,395 --> 00:47:44,895 HEAR IT. 979 00:47:44,895 --> 00:47:46,330 WE'LL HAVE OTHER CHANCES FOR 980 00:47:46,330 --> 00:47:47,898 DISCUSSION TODAY BUT WE HAVE A 981 00:47:47,898 --> 00:47:49,300 FULL SCHEDULE THIS AFTERNOON AND 982 00:47:49,300 --> 00:47:53,904 IT'S VERY EXCITING. 983 00:47:53,904 --> 00:47:56,574 WE HAVE 27 MINUTES ACCORDING TO 984 00:47:56,574 --> 00:47:59,710 THIS BUT I WOULDN'T MIND IF -- 985 00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:02,980 WELL, IF YOU WANT TO END EARLY 986 00:48:02,980 --> 00:48:05,816 WE CAN BECAUSE THEN YOU CAN GET 987 00:48:05,816 --> 00:48:09,420 LUNCH AND WHAT I'M TRYING TO 988 00:48:09,420 --> 00:48:13,090 ARGUE IS WE'LL START PROMPTLY AT 989 00:48:13,090 --> 00:48:19,263 1:15 AND JOHN NGAI WILL JOIN US 990 00:48:19,263 --> 00:48:22,500 AND WE'LL HAVE OTHER TALKS THIS 991 00:48:22,500 --> 00:48:22,767 AFTERNOON. 992 00:48:22,767 --> 00:48:25,069 ANY THOUGHTS OR QUESTIONS, 993 00:48:25,069 --> 00:48:26,437 ANYTHING WE'RE MISSING AT NIAAA. 994 00:48:26,437 --> 00:48:27,671 IS THERE SOMETHING HAPPENING IN 995 00:48:27,671 --> 00:48:30,608 THE WORLD WE DON'T KNOW ABOUT? 996 00:48:30,608 --> 00:48:32,910 KATIE. 997 00:48:32,910 --> 00:48:34,512 >> WELL, I WAS GOING TO TURN IT 998 00:48:34,512 --> 00:48:35,379 OVER TO DANE. 999 00:48:35,379 --> 00:48:38,749 WE HAD A GOOD CONVERSATION ON 1000 00:48:38,749 --> 00:48:40,885 THE RIDE OVER HERE ABOUT 1001 00:48:40,885 --> 00:48:42,853 THOUGHTS ABOUT POSTDOC TRAINING 1002 00:48:42,853 --> 00:48:48,659 LIMITS AND ALSO SALARIES AND 1003 00:48:48,659 --> 00:48:50,361 JUST THE DIFFICULT BALANCE OF 1004 00:48:50,361 --> 00:48:50,728 THAT. 1005 00:48:50,728 --> 00:48:52,229 DANE, I'LL TURN IT OVER TO YOU. 1006 00:48:52,229 --> 00:48:54,565 >> YES, THE THINGS YOU CAN DO IN 1007 00:48:54,565 --> 00:48:57,067 THE PRE-MEETING UBER RIDE. 1008 00:48:57,067 --> 00:48:59,470 SO EARLIER IN THE SUMMER I THINK 1009 00:48:59,470 --> 00:49:03,207 IN JULY NIAAA SENT OUT AN RFI 1010 00:49:03,207 --> 00:49:07,344 CONCERNING POSTDOCS AND HOW TO 1011 00:49:07,344 --> 00:49:08,546 IMPROVE THEIR EXPERIENCE AS 1012 00:49:08,546 --> 00:49:10,881 ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS OR CLINICAL 1013 00:49:10,881 --> 00:49:11,916 RESEARCHERS. 1014 00:49:11,916 --> 00:49:14,685 AFTER TALKING TO SEVERAL OF MY 1015 00:49:14,685 --> 00:49:15,719 POSTDOCS AND OTHERS AS WELL AS 1016 00:49:15,719 --> 00:49:18,189 OTHER INVESTIGATORS THIS IS A 1017 00:49:18,189 --> 00:49:19,957 FAIRLY COMPLICATED ISSUE. 1018 00:49:19,957 --> 00:49:23,627 ONE OF THE DIFFICULTIES FOR US 1019 00:49:23,627 --> 00:49:25,396 AS INVESTIGATORS IS LONGEVITY, 1020 00:49:25,396 --> 00:49:30,000 KEEPING POSTDOCS ENGAGED AND IN 1021 00:49:30,000 --> 00:49:32,002 THE LABS AND OFTEN THEY'RE 1022 00:49:32,002 --> 00:49:34,104 MOTIVATED TO LEAVE FOR INDUSTRY 1023 00:49:34,104 --> 00:49:35,072 OR OTHER THINGS. 1024 00:49:35,072 --> 00:49:37,308 SO THE RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE 1025 00:49:37,308 --> 00:49:41,812 RFI DEALT WITH TIME LINE OF 1026 00:49:41,812 --> 00:49:43,681 POSTDOC SERVICE AS WELL AS 1027 00:49:43,681 --> 00:49:46,650 CHANGING THE FOCUS TO MORE 1028 00:49:46,650 --> 00:49:48,319 INNOVATION OVER PRODUCTIVITY. 1029 00:49:48,319 --> 00:49:49,954 THOSE WERE A COUPLE DISCUSSION 1030 00:49:49,954 --> 00:49:52,857 POINTS BUT REALLY IN OUR 1031 00:49:52,857 --> 00:49:54,558 DISCUSSION HEADING OVER TO THE 1032 00:49:54,558 --> 00:49:55,993 MEETING AND IT MOSTLY REVOLVES 1033 00:49:55,993 --> 00:49:57,995 AROUND MONEY AND SALARY AND 1034 00:49:57,995 --> 00:49:58,362 RESEARCH FUNDS. 1035 00:49:58,362 --> 00:50:01,932 I'M WONDERING IF THERE'S BEEN 1036 00:50:01,932 --> 00:50:03,534 FEEDBACK AT NIAAA YET. 1037 00:50:03,534 --> 00:50:04,835 THIS HAS NOT BEEN OUT THAT LONG 1038 00:50:04,835 --> 00:50:07,438 SO YOU MAY NOT HAVE FEEDBACK AND 1039 00:50:07,438 --> 00:50:08,806 CURIOUS ON OTHER PEOPLE'S 1040 00:50:08,806 --> 00:50:10,674 THOUGHTS ON THIS. 1041 00:50:10,674 --> 00:50:16,213 >> I'M GOING TO ASK LAURA 1042 00:50:16,213 --> 00:50:17,915 LEONARDI AND BRIDGET ON ZOOM, DO 1043 00:50:17,915 --> 00:50:19,016 WE HAVE ANY FEEDBACK? 1044 00:50:19,016 --> 00:50:23,921 I DON'T KNOW OF ANY. 1045 00:50:23,921 --> 00:50:26,123 >> NO, THIS IS BEING HANDLED AT 1046 00:50:26,123 --> 00:50:28,125 THE NIH LEVEL. 1047 00:50:28,125 --> 00:50:32,529 I DON'T KNOW IF PHILIPPE MAY BE 1048 00:50:32,529 --> 00:50:33,531 MORE FAMILIAR WITH IT BUT WE 1049 00:50:33,531 --> 00:50:34,832 DON'T HAVE ANY IN IT. 1050 00:50:34,832 --> 00:50:35,933 >> NO, I DON'T HAVE ANY 1051 00:50:35,933 --> 00:50:45,409 FEEDBACK. 1052 00:50:45,409 --> 00:50:46,911 SORRY. 1053 00:50:46,911 --> 00:50:54,985 >> WHEN WE GET FEEDBACK WE'LL 1054 00:50:54,985 --> 00:50:56,921 COME BACK TO YOU BECAUSE THERE'S 1055 00:50:56,921 --> 00:50:57,888 A LOT OF BALLS IN THE AIR. 1056 00:50:57,888 --> 00:51:01,325 WE DID INCREASE THE SALARY OF 1057 00:51:01,325 --> 00:51:06,597 OUR INTRAMURAL POSTDOCTORAL 1058 00:51:06,597 --> 00:51:12,670 FELLOWS BUT THE POSTDOCTORAL 1059 00:51:12,670 --> 00:51:15,105 FELLOWS HAVE NOW JOINED A UNION 1060 00:51:15,105 --> 00:51:16,907 AND THERE'LL BE FURTHER 1061 00:51:16,907 --> 00:51:18,375 DISCUSSIONS IN THE PROGRAM. 1062 00:51:18,375 --> 00:51:19,076 I DON'T FROM FURTHER 1063 00:51:19,076 --> 00:51:20,444 INFORMATION. 1064 00:51:20,444 --> 00:51:22,413 DAVE, DO YOU WANT TO SAY MORE 1065 00:51:22,413 --> 00:51:23,647 AND THEN WE'LL COME TO 1066 00:51:23,647 --> 00:51:23,948 EXTRAMURAL. 1067 00:51:23,948 --> 00:51:25,482 >> WE DON'T REALLY KNOW ANYTHING 1068 00:51:25,482 --> 00:51:28,118 MORE WHAT THE IMPACT'S GOING TO 1069 00:51:28,118 --> 00:51:28,452 BE. 1070 00:51:28,452 --> 00:51:30,421 THEY HAVEN'T GOT THE NEGOTIATION 1071 00:51:30,421 --> 00:51:30,988 BACK YET. 1072 00:51:30,988 --> 00:51:40,931 WHEN THEY DO WE'LL SEE. 1073 00:51:40,931 --> 00:51:46,870 AND ONE OF THE IDEAS WAS TO 1074 00:51:46,870 --> 00:51:48,539 ACTUAL 1075 00:51:48,539 --> 00:51:51,809 ACTUALLY RESTRICT THE K99 TO THE 1076 00:51:51,809 --> 00:51:54,044 FIRST TWO YEARS THAT'S SERIOUS 1077 00:51:54,044 --> 00:51:56,747 AND ALL THE EMPHASIS ON FUTURE 1078 00:51:56,747 --> 00:52:03,754 PLANS, NOTHING ON PRODUCTIVITY. 1079 00:52:03,754 --> 00:52:06,256 THAT'S A SERIOUS CHANGE. 1080 00:52:06,256 --> 00:52:08,325 I ENCOURAGE YOU TO FIND THE LINK 1081 00:52:08,325 --> 00:52:10,060 AND TAKE THE SURVEY. 1082 00:52:10,060 --> 00:52:12,696 THERE'S THINGS IN THERE YOU MAY 1083 00:52:12,696 --> 00:52:14,164 AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH AND I 1084 00:52:14,164 --> 00:52:14,965 THINK THEY NEED IT HEAR WHAT 1085 00:52:14,965 --> 00:52:17,067 YOU'RE GOING TO SAY. 1086 00:52:17,067 --> 00:52:23,140 THEY'LL ALSO RESTRICT THE TIME A 1087 00:52:23,140 --> 00:52:27,411 PERSON CAN BE IN POSTDOC TO FIVE 1088 00:52:27,411 --> 00:52:27,878 YEARS. 1089 00:52:27,878 --> 00:52:30,414 THESE ARE THE IDEAS PUT FORWARD 1090 00:52:30,414 --> 00:52:31,415 AND HAVE RATIONALE FOR THEM. 1091 00:52:31,415 --> 00:52:38,255 YOU CAN SEE IF YOU AGREE. 1092 00:52:38,255 --> 00:52:39,890 >> THE REASON FOR THE FIRST IS 1093 00:52:39,890 --> 00:52:47,865 THEY FEEL PEOPLE ARE IN 1094 00:52:47,865 --> 00:52:49,400 POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS TOO LONG. 1095 00:52:49,400 --> 00:52:51,135 THAT'S THE RATIONALE THEY SHOULD 1096 00:52:51,135 --> 00:52:52,736 BE MOVED TO ANOTHER POSITION OR 1097 00:52:52,736 --> 00:52:55,205 FIND A NEW POSITION. 1098 00:52:55,205 --> 00:52:58,208 THE RATIONALE FOR THE FIRST TWO 1099 00:52:58,208 --> 00:53:00,878 YEAR K99 AS I UNDERSTOOD IT WAS 1100 00:53:00,878 --> 00:53:02,646 TO TAKE THE EMPHASIS OFF 1101 00:53:02,646 --> 00:53:03,781 PRODUCTIVITY AND BIG PAPERS AND 1102 00:53:03,781 --> 00:53:05,015 PUT IT ON THE IDEAS AND THE 1103 00:53:05,015 --> 00:53:10,054 INNOVATION. 1104 00:53:10,054 --> 00:53:14,992 >> THE DOWN SIDE OF THAT 1105 00:53:14,992 --> 00:53:17,061 RECOMMENDATION IS THAT WE'RE 1106 00:53:17,061 --> 00:53:19,096 ALREADY AT NIAAA HAVING LESS AND 1107 00:53:19,096 --> 00:53:23,367 LESS INDIVIDUALS APPLY FOR A 1108 00:53:23,367 --> 00:53:24,435 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP. 1109 00:53:24,435 --> 00:53:25,869 NOW MAYBE THAT COULD BE 1110 00:53:25,869 --> 00:53:26,537 REVISITED TOO. 1111 00:53:26,537 --> 00:53:30,908 I ACTUALLY HAD ONE OR TWO 1112 00:53:30,908 --> 00:53:41,418 INDIVIDUALS WHEN I WORKED AT 1113 00:53:41,852 --> 00:53:43,320 SCRIPPS AND THEY CAME TO MY LAB 1114 00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:48,859 WITH THEIR FELLOWSHIP IN HAND. 1115 00:53:48,859 --> 00:53:50,861 AND EVERYTHING MAY SHIFT 1116 00:53:50,861 --> 00:53:51,328 BACKWARDS. 1117 00:53:51,328 --> 00:53:54,965 BUT IF WE MOVE THE K99 TO THE 1118 00:53:54,965 --> 00:53:56,467 EARLIER YEARS NO ONE WILL BOTHER 1119 00:53:56,467 --> 00:54:01,038 DOING AN F32. 1120 00:54:01,038 --> 00:54:02,106 IS THAT A GREAT LOSS? 1121 00:54:02,106 --> 00:54:07,611 I THINK WE'LL HAVE TO LOOK AT 1122 00:54:07,611 --> 00:54:13,183 ALL THESE DIFFERENT THINGS. 1123 00:54:13,183 --> 00:54:16,587 THERE'S BEEN A TENDENCY TO USE 1124 00:54:16,587 --> 00:54:19,356 POSTDOCS AS SOPHISTICATED 1125 00:54:19,356 --> 00:54:19,656 TECHNICIANS. 1126 00:54:19,656 --> 00:54:24,027 I CAN USE OTHER DESCRIPTIONS BUT 1127 00:54:24,027 --> 00:54:29,433 LET YOU USE YOUR IMAGINATIONS. 1128 00:54:29,433 --> 00:54:34,838 BUT I'VE LOOKED AT POSTDOCS AS 1129 00:54:34,838 --> 00:54:35,906 MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A MENTOR. 1130 00:54:35,906 --> 00:54:39,543 I'M STILL A MENTOR. 1131 00:54:39,543 --> 00:54:41,712 TO MOVE THEM INTO A POSITION AND 1132 00:54:41,712 --> 00:54:52,222 FURTHER ALONG IN THEIR CAREER. 1133 00:54:56,493 --> 00:54:58,362 THAT'S THE GOAL TO MOVE THEM 1134 00:54:58,362 --> 00:54:58,929 ALONG IN THEIR INDEPENDENT 1135 00:54:58,929 --> 00:55:09,072 CAREER. 1136 00:55:16,246 --> 00:55:19,683 A POSTDOCS WENT TO WORK AND 1137 00:55:19,683 --> 00:55:22,252 SHE'S HAPPY AS A CLAM. 1138 00:55:22,252 --> 00:55:24,721 AND SHE MADE A MAJOR 1139 00:55:24,721 --> 00:55:25,556 CONTRIBUTION TO THE NEUROSCIENCE 1140 00:55:25,556 --> 00:55:30,027 OF ADDICTION AND IT WASN'T THE 1141 00:55:30,027 --> 00:55:40,037 ONLY BOOK SHE'S ENGAGED. 1142 00:55:40,037 --> 00:55:40,370 KATIE. 1143 00:55:40,370 --> 00:55:43,407 >> I WANT TO APPLAUD THE K99 1144 00:55:43,407 --> 00:55:45,209 AWARDS AND IT'S A GREAT 1145 00:55:45,209 --> 00:55:46,510 MECHANISM AND GLAD WE'RE 1146 00:55:46,510 --> 00:55:47,277 SUPPORTING THOSE AND GETTING THE 1147 00:55:47,277 --> 00:55:50,280 WORD OUT ON THAT MECHANISM. 1148 00:55:50,280 --> 00:55:54,885 I REALLY SEE THAT AS A NICE WAY 1149 00:55:54,885 --> 00:55:56,687 TO BRIDGE FOLKS TO INDEPENDENCE 1150 00:55:56,687 --> 00:55:57,854 WITH THAT MECHANISM SO THANK YOU 1151 00:55:57,854 --> 00:55:59,723 FOR THAT. 1152 00:55:59,723 --> 00:56:02,993 AND THANKS FOR YOUR LEADERSHIP 1153 00:56:02,993 --> 00:56:13,136 OF THAT. 1154 00:56:16,707 --> 00:56:23,313 >> I THINK WE HAD A STRAIGHT 1155 00:56:23,313 --> 00:56:25,382 LINE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF 1156 00:56:25,382 --> 00:56:27,384 TRAINING AWARDS IN MY TENURE? 1157 00:56:27,384 --> 00:56:28,485 >> I BELIEVE THAT'S CORRECT. 1158 00:56:28,485 --> 00:56:30,854 WE DO HAVE A FIGURE OUT. 1159 00:56:30,854 --> 00:56:32,289 I'LL GO FIND IT BUT YOU'RE 1160 00:56:32,289 --> 00:56:32,522 CORRECT. 1161 00:56:32,522 --> 00:56:42,966 THERE'S A LINEAR INCREASE. 1162 00:56:43,867 --> 00:56:45,035 IF THEY INCREASE MORE SALARIES 1163 00:56:45,035 --> 00:56:48,872 WE'LL HAVE TO COMMIT MORE TO 1164 00:56:48,872 --> 00:56:49,139 TRAINING. 1165 00:56:49,139 --> 00:56:52,009 I DON'T HAVE A PROBLEM WITH THAT 1166 00:56:52,009 --> 00:56:55,746 BUT MY BUDGET OFFICER MIGHT. 1167 00:56:55,746 --> 00:56:57,948 IT'S A QUESTION OF GETTING OUR 1168 00:56:57,948 --> 00:56:59,082 PRIORITIES STRAIGHT AND DECIDING 1169 00:56:59,082 --> 00:57:01,118 HOW TO SPEND OUR MONEY. 1170 00:57:01,118 --> 00:57:02,319 I'M VERY MUCH IN FAVOR OF THE 1171 00:57:02,319 --> 00:57:03,086 TRAINING PART MYSELF. 1172 00:57:03,086 --> 00:57:10,694 WE HAVE TO BALANCE IT WITH OTHER 1173 00:57:10,694 --> 00:57:13,664 RESPONSIBILITIES THAT ALSO NEED 1174 00:57:13,664 --> 00:57:14,164 HELP. 1175 00:57:14,164 --> 00:57:15,899 >> CAN I ADD TO WHAT DAVE SAID 1176 00:57:15,899 --> 00:57:18,969 ABOUT THE RFI, I WANT TO REMIND 1177 00:57:18,969 --> 00:57:23,140 EVERYONE IT CLOSES OCTOBER 23. 1178 00:57:23,140 --> 00:57:24,908 THERE'S STILL PLENTY OF TIME TO 1179 00:57:24,908 --> 00:57:26,810 RESPOND AND I PUT A LINK IN THE 1180 00:57:26,810 --> 00:57:28,679 CHAT FOR PEOPLE ON ZOOM. 1181 00:57:28,679 --> 00:57:31,181 >> THANK YOU, BRIDGET. 1182 00:57:31,181 --> 00:57:32,416 THAT'S VERY HELPFUL. 1183 00:57:32,416 --> 00:57:42,759 IT'S NOT CLOSED YET. 1184 00:57:46,596 --> 00:57:49,466 IF ANYBODY HAS IDEAS I'M HAPPY 1185 00:57:49,466 --> 00:57:51,501 TO ENTERTAIN THEM AND HAPPY TO 1186 00:57:51,501 --> 00:57:53,236 CONVEY THEM TO THE OTHER I.C. 1187 00:57:53,236 --> 00:57:55,472 DIRECTORS IF WE HAVE SOMETHING 1188 00:57:55,472 --> 00:58:01,578 UNIQUE WE THINK OTHER PEOPLE 1189 00:58:01,578 --> 00:58:02,979 SHOULD CONSIDER. 1190 00:58:02,979 --> 00:58:10,687 >> THERE'S MORE OF A QUESTION 1191 00:58:10,687 --> 00:58:13,590 ABOUT ONE OF THE REASONS WHY WE 1192 00:58:13,590 --> 00:58:16,426 MIGHT HAVE A SOMEWHAT LEAKY 1193 00:58:16,426 --> 00:58:18,395 PIPELINE WITH POSTDOCS THAT HAS 1194 00:58:18,395 --> 00:58:20,030 TO DO WITH HEALTH INSURANCE. 1195 00:58:20,030 --> 00:58:22,265 THERE'S BEEN LESS THAN ADEQUATE 1196 00:58:22,265 --> 00:58:23,800 COVERAGE FOR FAMILIES, FOR 1197 00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:25,502 EXAMPLE, IN THE T32. 1198 00:58:25,502 --> 00:58:27,204 SO I DON'T KNOW WHETHER THAT'S 1199 00:58:27,204 --> 00:58:28,839 CHANGED IN THE PAST FEW YEARS. 1200 00:58:28,839 --> 00:58:39,149 IT WAS A BIG DEAL. 1201 00:58:39,950 --> 00:58:42,452 IT'S A HARDSHIP FOR FAMILIES WHO 1202 00:58:42,452 --> 00:58:42,986 HAVE CHILDREN. 1203 00:58:42,986 --> 00:58:45,088 PLEASE CORRECT ME IF I'M 1204 00:58:45,088 --> 00:58:46,623 INFORMATION IS WRONG BUT I 1205 00:58:46,623 --> 00:58:48,925 BELIEVE IT JUST COVERS THE 1206 00:58:48,925 --> 00:58:50,127 INDIVIDUAL. 1207 00:58:50,127 --> 00:58:52,996 IT PROVIDES SINGLE COVERAGE BUT 1208 00:58:52,996 --> 00:59:03,206 NOT FAMILY. 1209 00:59:05,942 --> 00:59:06,777 >> YOU HAVE TO BALANCE HOW MUCH 1210 00:59:06,777 --> 00:59:10,313 YOU HAVE TO A LOT FOR INSURANCE 1211 00:59:10,313 --> 00:59:11,481 VERSUS OTHERS. 1212 00:59:11,481 --> 00:59:15,519 >> SO IT'S A SITE DECISION 1213 00:59:15,519 --> 00:59:19,589 INSTITUTIONS ARE HAVING TO MAKE 1214 00:59:19,589 --> 00:59:21,958 AND I BELIEVE AT BROWN THERE'S 1215 00:59:21,958 --> 00:59:26,630 BEEN RESOURCES PROVIDED TO THE 1216 00:59:26,630 --> 00:59:28,498 PROGRAM SO THERE WASN'T A 1217 00:59:28,498 --> 00:59:31,635 DISCREPANCY IN THE BENEFITS 1218 00:59:31,635 --> 00:59:33,336 PROVIDED BUT IT DOES THEN TAKE 1219 00:59:33,336 --> 00:59:35,539 MONEY FROM ELSEWHERE INCLUDING 1220 00:59:35,539 --> 00:59:36,873 THE RELATIVELY SMALL AMOUNT 1221 00:59:36,873 --> 00:59:38,975 THAT'S AVAILABLE FOR 1222 00:59:38,975 --> 00:59:40,911 COORDINATION. 1223 00:59:40,911 --> 00:59:42,412 >> AND THERE'S A LOT OF 1224 00:59:42,412 --> 00:59:44,815 VARIABILITY ACROSS T32s AND HOW 1225 00:59:44,815 --> 00:59:47,551 THEY HANDLE THIS. 1226 00:59:47,551 --> 00:59:48,418 SOME DON'T OFFER HEALTH 1227 00:59:48,418 --> 00:59:50,220 INSURANCE AT ALL. 1228 00:59:50,220 --> 00:59:52,022 WE DO AT OUR T32 BUT IT'S 1229 00:59:52,022 --> 00:59:52,255 LIMITED. 1230 00:59:52,255 --> 00:59:54,558 >> THANK YOU FOR CLARIFYING. 1231 00:59:54,558 --> 00:59:56,860 >> WE DO HAVE SOME FAMILY PLANS 1232 00:59:56,860 --> 00:59:58,295 BUT IT'S PRETTY LIMITED BECAUSE 1233 00:59:58,295 --> 01:00:01,431 THEY HAVE TO GO TO THE EXCHANGE. 1234 01:00:01,431 --> 01:00:05,435 >> SO IT FEELS LIKE IT'S A 1235 01:00:05,435 --> 01:00:06,703 RETIREMENT THE SITES HAVE TO 1236 01:00:06,703 --> 01:00:11,541 FIGURE OUT AND THAT WILL CREATE 1237 01:00:11,541 --> 01:00:12,108 INEQUITIES WITHIN T32 AT A 1238 01:00:12,108 --> 01:00:18,915 MINIMUM. 1239 01:00:18,915 --> 01:00:23,887 IS 1240 01:00:23,887 --> 01:00:31,328 >> DOES STAFF NOW HOW THEY ARE 1241 01:00:31,328 --> 01:00:32,262 ALLOCATED FOR INSURANCE? 1242 01:00:32,262 --> 01:00:42,606 ALICIA, DO YOU KNOW? 1243 01:01:00,390 --> 01:01:02,559 >> INDIVIDUAL T32s ARE PROVIDED 1244 01:01:02,559 --> 01:01:04,427 A STIPEND FOR CHILDCARE. 1245 01:01:04,427 --> 01:01:12,702 [OFF MIC] 1246 01:01:12,702 --> 01:01:14,170 >> THE HEALTH PART IS PART OF 1247 01:01:14,170 --> 01:01:16,006 TRAINING RELATED EXPENSES IS 1248 01:01:16,006 --> 01:01:21,778 LIKE AN OVER ALL AMOUNT THAT 1249 01:01:21,778 --> 01:01:22,846 INCLUDES HEALTH. 1250 01:01:22,846 --> 01:01:25,015 >> I'LL LOOK INTO IT AND FIND 1251 01:01:25,015 --> 01:01:27,417 OUT WHAT OTHER I.C.s ARE DOING 1252 01:01:27,417 --> 01:01:31,087 AND HOW THEY DEAL WITH THE T32s. 1253 01:01:31,087 --> 01:01:37,327 >> I FEEL THE NEED TO SAY AT 1254 01:01:37,327 --> 01:01:39,863 LEAST THAT PHYSICIAN TRAINING IS 1255 01:01:39,863 --> 01:01:42,299 VERY DIFFICULT AS A T32 AS A 1256 01:01:42,299 --> 01:01:42,632 MECHANISM. 1257 01:01:42,632 --> 01:01:44,267 I WAS READING ON MED SCAPE 1258 01:01:44,267 --> 01:01:45,936 BEFORE I SAID ANYTHING BUT IN 30 1259 01:01:45,936 --> 01:01:49,573 YEARS AS THE BEEN 4.4% OF THE 1260 01:01:49,573 --> 01:01:50,974 SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD WERE 1261 01:01:50,974 --> 01:01:54,945 PHYSICIANS AND NOW IT'S AT 1.5%. 1262 01:01:54,945 --> 01:01:57,247 IT'S A MAJOR ISSUE. 1263 01:01:57,247 --> 01:01:59,716 I FOUND AS BEING A T32 DIRECTOR 1264 01:01:59,716 --> 01:02:02,185 OVER 20 YEARS AND OUR FELLOWSHIP 1265 01:02:02,185 --> 01:02:03,853 IS 30 IT'S BECOME HARDER AND 1266 01:02:03,853 --> 01:02:06,957 HARDER TO RECRUIT PHYSICIANS 1267 01:02:06,957 --> 01:02:08,325 INTO CLINICAL RESEARCH CAREERS. 1268 01:02:08,325 --> 01:02:10,961 I DON'T HAVE AN ANSWER FOR IT 1269 01:02:10,961 --> 01:02:13,296 BUT I WOULD LOVE IDEAS. 1270 01:02:13,296 --> 01:02:14,698 I HAVE NO CLEAR ANSWER FOR IT 1271 01:02:14,698 --> 01:02:18,602 BUT IT'S A HUGE ISSUE AND MOST 1272 01:02:18,602 --> 01:02:21,204 PANELS I'M ON I'M OFTEN THE ONLY 1273 01:02:21,204 --> 01:02:23,573 PHYSICIAN ON THE PANEL. 1274 01:02:23,573 --> 01:02:25,275 I THINK IT'S A HUGE PROBLEM A 1275 01:02:25,275 --> 01:02:27,344 LOT OF THE INTERVENTIONS IN 1276 01:02:27,344 --> 01:02:27,944 MEDICINE HAVE BEEN THROUGH 1277 01:02:27,944 --> 01:02:29,713 PHYSICIAN SCIENTISTS AND TO LOSE 1278 01:02:29,713 --> 01:02:32,782 THAT POPULATION I THINK IS 1279 01:02:32,782 --> 01:02:33,416 REALLY TRAGIC. 1280 01:02:33,416 --> 01:02:35,819 I DON'T KNOW HOW TO ADDRESS IT 1281 01:02:35,819 --> 01:02:38,588 BUT I HAVE A LOT OF OPINIONS 1282 01:02:38,588 --> 01:02:42,058 ABOUT IT. 1283 01:02:42,058 --> 01:02:45,295 >> I'M AFRAID IT'S GENERALIZED 1284 01:02:45,295 --> 01:02:46,730 TO ALL THE INSTITUTES IT'S BEEN 1285 01:02:46,730 --> 01:02:48,131 A STRUGGLE. 1286 01:02:48,131 --> 01:02:50,900 I DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER EITHER. 1287 01:02:50,900 --> 01:02:54,304 I DO THINK THE PROLIFERATION OF 1288 01:02:54,304 --> 01:02:58,508 ADDICTION MEDICINE FELLOWSHIPS 1289 01:02:58,508 --> 01:03:00,543 IS A GOOD THING GENERATING MORE 1290 01:03:00,543 --> 01:03:04,614 INTEREST FOR PHYSICIANS TO AT 1291 01:03:04,614 --> 01:03:07,584 LEAST BE COGNIZANT. 1292 01:03:07,584 --> 01:03:09,052 >> BETWEEN ADDICTION PSYCHIATRY 1293 01:03:09,052 --> 01:03:12,956 AND MEDICINE THERE'S OVER 100 1294 01:03:12,956 --> 01:03:17,027 FELLOWSHIPS MANY REMAINING HALF 1295 01:03:17,027 --> 01:03:21,665 FILLED SO HOW DO WE GET MORE 1296 01:03:21,665 --> 01:03:23,066 INTEREST AND WITH THE OPIOID 1297 01:03:23,066 --> 01:03:25,301 FACTOR MEDICAL STUDENTS ARE 1298 01:03:25,301 --> 01:03:27,570 CLAMORING FOR MORE TRAINING BUT 1299 01:03:27,570 --> 01:03:29,105 IT'S NOT NECESSARY TRAINING FOR 1300 01:03:29,105 --> 01:03:31,908 PEOPLE GOING INTO CLINICAL 1301 01:03:31,908 --> 01:03:33,209 RESEARCH BECAUSE AFTER ALL THEIR 1302 01:03:33,209 --> 01:03:36,713 STUDENT LOANS AND EVERYTHING 1303 01:03:36,713 --> 01:03:38,014 EVEN ONE YEAR OF FELLOWSHIP IT'S 1304 01:03:38,014 --> 01:03:39,816 HARD TO RECRUIT. 1305 01:03:39,816 --> 01:03:42,385 THEY DON'T SEE THE BENEFIT WHEN 1306 01:03:42,385 --> 01:03:43,486 THEY GO RIGHT INTO A FIELD. 1307 01:03:43,486 --> 01:03:45,021 THERE'S A LOT OF FACTORS BUT I 1308 01:03:45,021 --> 01:03:47,724 AGREE HAVING MORE FELLOWSHIPS IS 1309 01:03:47,724 --> 01:03:55,331 A GREAT THING. 1310 01:03:55,331 --> 01:03:56,733 >> YOU MENTIONED GOOD POINTS 1311 01:03:56,733 --> 01:03:58,168 ABOUT THE TRAINING. 1312 01:03:58,168 --> 01:03:59,069 WE'LL GET MORE INFORMATION FROM 1313 01:03:59,069 --> 01:04:02,972 WHAT WE DO AND WHAT OTHER 1314 01:04:02,972 --> 01:04:05,208 INSTITUTES DO. 1315 01:04:05,208 --> 01:04:08,745 WHEN THE INFORMATION COMES IN 1316 01:04:08,745 --> 01:04:12,082 FROM THE RFI IT SHOULD BE AN 1317 01:04:12,082 --> 01:04:12,382 EYE-OPENER. 1318 01:04:12,382 --> 01:04:14,117 I'LL BE CURIOUS TO SEE. 1319 01:04:14,117 --> 01:04:16,186 THERE'S A WHOLE GROUP OF PEOPLE 1320 01:04:16,186 --> 01:04:21,057 WHAT AND THE THE K99s TO GO 1321 01:04:21,057 --> 01:04:24,728 EARLIER NOT LATER TO SAVE THE 1322 01:04:24,728 --> 01:04:25,428 F32s. 1323 01:04:25,428 --> 01:04:28,832 >> I THINK I'M IN FAVOR OF THE 1324 01:04:28,832 --> 01:04:31,000 LATTER SAVING F32s. 1325 01:04:31,000 --> 01:04:34,704 I CAN SEE THE DRIVE FOR THE 1326 01:04:34,704 --> 01:04:35,071 INNOVATIVENESS. 1327 01:04:35,071 --> 01:04:37,407 AND I THINK WE'LL PROBABLY HAVE 1328 01:04:37,407 --> 01:04:41,077 A BRIEFING ON THIS AT OUR NEXT 1329 01:04:41,077 --> 01:04:42,645 COUNCIL, PHILIPPE, MAYBE WE 1330 01:04:42,645 --> 01:04:43,880 SHOULD DO SOMETHING ABOUT THIS 1331 01:04:43,880 --> 01:04:48,051 BUT I KNOW CSR IS CHANGING HOW 1332 01:04:48,051 --> 01:04:49,986 AUTHOR EVALUATING GRANTS AND 1333 01:04:49,986 --> 01:04:52,322 THAT'S KICKING IN IN 2025. 1334 01:04:52,322 --> 01:04:54,724 >> STARTING WITH THE DUE DATE OF 1335 01:04:54,724 --> 01:04:57,861 JANUARY 2025, THE CSR IS 1336 01:04:57,861 --> 01:04:59,763 IMPLEMENTING THE SIMPLIFIED 1337 01:04:59,763 --> 01:05:03,566 REVIEW FRAMEWORK FOR GRANT 1338 01:05:03,566 --> 01:05:04,267 APPLICATIONS. 1339 01:05:04,267 --> 01:05:06,402 IT'S A NEW WAY TO APPLY. 1340 01:05:06,402 --> 01:05:12,342 >> AND INNOVATIVENESS AND NOT SO 1341 01:05:12,342 --> 01:05:17,914 MUCH THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE 1342 01:05:17,914 --> 01:05:20,316 APPLICANT AND NOT SO MUCH OF THE 1343 01:05:20,316 --> 01:05:21,851 APPLICANT OR MENTOR ARE GOING TO 1344 01:05:21,851 --> 01:05:24,187 BE HIGHLIGHTED. 1345 01:05:24,187 --> 01:05:27,023 SO IT'S GOING -- IT'S A BIT OF A 1346 01:05:27,023 --> 01:05:28,358 BIG SHIFT. 1347 01:05:28,358 --> 01:05:33,596 SO TUNE INTO CSR AS WELL. 1348 01:05:33,596 --> 01:05:35,031 ONE THING THAT CAME UP THIS 1349 01:05:35,031 --> 01:05:37,467 MORNING AT THE I.C. DIRECTOR'S 1350 01:05:37,467 --> 01:05:40,003 MEETING I THOUGHT WAS 1351 01:05:40,003 --> 01:05:43,706 FASCINATING WAS THERE'S A 1352 01:05:43,706 --> 01:05:46,543 PROGRAM INSTITUTED BY COSWOOD. 1353 01:05:46,543 --> 01:05:52,348 CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE ACRONYM? 1354 01:05:52,348 --> 01:05:58,087 >> IT'S THE CHIEF OFFICER FOR 1355 01:05:58,087 --> 01:05:59,889 SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE DIVERSITY. 1356 01:05:59,889 --> 01:06:00,723 >> RIGHT. 1357 01:06:00,723 --> 01:06:03,026 SO THEY REACHED OUT TO A NUMBER 1358 01:06:03,026 --> 01:06:04,594 OF MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS 1359 01:06:04,594 --> 01:06:07,997 ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AND 1360 01:06:07,997 --> 01:06:09,766 START A PROGRAM OF MATCHING 1361 01:06:09,766 --> 01:06:10,967 INDIVIDUALS WHO WANT TO WRITE A 1362 01:06:10,967 --> 01:06:15,004 GRANT WOMAN A PROGRAM OFFICER AT 1363 01:06:15,004 --> 01:06:16,206 AN NIH INSTITUTE. 1364 01:06:16,206 --> 01:06:18,241 IT'S PRETTY COOL AND JUST GOT 1365 01:06:18,241 --> 01:06:20,710 OFF THE GROUND AS I UNDERSTAND 1366 01:06:20,710 --> 01:06:21,177 IT. 1367 01:06:21,177 --> 01:06:25,114 AND SOMEONE ASKED WELL WHAT 1368 01:06:25,114 --> 01:06:27,784 ABOUT HAVING MOCK STUDY SECTIONS 1369 01:06:27,784 --> 01:06:29,085 SO THEY CAN UNDERSTAND HOW 1370 01:06:29,085 --> 01:06:35,358 GRANTS ARE ACTUALLY REVIEWED. 1371 01:06:35,358 --> 01:06:38,194 AND NONI BURNS SAID THEY'RE 1372 01:06:38,194 --> 01:06:39,362 DEVELOPING A RESOURCE INDIVIDUAL 1373 01:06:39,362 --> 01:06:42,966 OF A MOCK STUDY SECTION AT CSR. 1374 01:06:42,966 --> 01:06:45,735 SO STAY TUNED TO CSR AS WELL 1375 01:06:45,735 --> 01:06:46,970 THERE'S CHANGES COMING IN THE 1376 01:06:46,970 --> 01:06:51,140 NEW YEAR. 1377 01:06:51,140 --> 01:06:53,409 >> I WOULD ALSO SAY ON THE 1378 01:06:53,409 --> 01:06:54,611 OFFICE OF EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH 1379 01:06:54,611 --> 01:06:58,882 WEBSITE THEY HAVE A NUMBER OF 1380 01:06:58,882 --> 01:06:59,515 RESOURCES AVAILABLE INCLUDING 1381 01:06:59,515 --> 01:07:03,386 MOCK STUDY SECTION REVIEWS AND 1382 01:07:03,386 --> 01:07:04,654 ONLINE CONFERENCES THEY'VE HAD 1383 01:07:04,654 --> 01:07:05,455 IN THE PAST THAT COULD BE 1384 01:07:05,455 --> 01:07:10,159 INCREDIBLY HELPFUL. 1385 01:07:10,159 --> 01:07:11,895 >> DO WE HAVE PLACES ON OUR 1386 01:07:11,895 --> 01:07:14,264 WEBSITE WHERE PEOPLE CAN FIND 1387 01:07:14,264 --> 01:07:18,801 THOSE AS WELL OR LINKS TO THEM? 1388 01:07:18,801 --> 01:07:21,838 >> SO, WE'RE ACTUALLY WORKING ON 1389 01:07:21,838 --> 01:07:23,740 REVITALIZING SOME AREAS ON OUR 1390 01:07:23,740 --> 01:07:24,874 WEBSITE INCLUDING THE MINORITY 1391 01:07:24,874 --> 01:07:26,743 HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES 1392 01:07:26,743 --> 01:07:26,943 PAGE. 1393 01:07:26,943 --> 01:07:30,046 THOSE RESOURCES WILL BE LINKED 1394 01:07:30,046 --> 01:07:32,382 THERE AND WE'RE ALSO LOOKING AT 1395 01:07:32,382 --> 01:07:34,384 AND THIS IS GOING TO PHILIPPE'S 1396 01:07:34,384 --> 01:07:36,085 OFFICE THE OFFICE OF EXTRAMURAL 1397 01:07:36,085 --> 01:07:37,220 ACTIVITIES AND LOOKING AT THE 1398 01:07:37,220 --> 01:07:39,255 GRANTS MANAGEMENT SECTION ON OUR 1399 01:07:39,255 --> 01:07:39,923 WEBSITE TO PROVIDE LINKS THERE 1400 01:07:39,923 --> 01:07:44,027 AS WELL. 1401 01:07:44,027 --> 01:07:47,230 >> THAT'S A BEE IN MY BONNET 1402 01:07:47,230 --> 01:07:47,730 RIGHT NOW. 1403 01:07:47,730 --> 01:07:48,865 THAT'S SOMETHING WE'LL START 1404 01:07:48,865 --> 01:07:49,899 WORKING ON NEXT YEAR. 1405 01:07:49,899 --> 01:07:53,169 I WANT TO SEE IF WE CAN MAKE 1406 01:07:53,169 --> 01:07:56,372 SURE OUR CENTERS HAVE A WEBSITE 1407 01:07:56,372 --> 01:07:59,542 AND THIS WEBSITE IS SOMEHOW 1408 01:07:59,542 --> 01:08:02,278 LINKED TO OUR NIAAA WEBSITE. 1409 01:08:02,278 --> 01:08:04,914 I'M NOT SURE -- I DON'T THINK 1410 01:08:04,914 --> 01:08:06,282 WE'VE EVER EXPLORED THIS AND 1411 01:08:06,282 --> 01:08:07,517 WE'RE NOT GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO 1412 01:08:07,517 --> 01:08:09,319 IT BEFORE THE END OF THE YEAR. 1413 01:08:09,319 --> 01:08:13,122 THIS HAS TO BE A FOR 2025. 1414 01:08:13,122 --> 01:08:13,756 THERE'S TOO MUCH GOING ON RIGHT 1415 01:08:13,756 --> 01:08:15,491 NOW. 1416 01:08:15,491 --> 01:08:19,729 >> SOME ARE LINKED THROUGH OUR 1417 01:08:19,729 --> 01:08:19,963 WEBSITE. 1418 01:08:19,963 --> 01:08:21,798 WE HAVE A WEB PAGE WITH JUST 1419 01:08:21,798 --> 01:08:22,465 CENTERS ON IT. 1420 01:08:22,465 --> 01:08:28,071 WE HAVE A HEAD START I GUESS YOU 1421 01:08:28,071 --> 01:08:29,872 COULD SAY ON THAT PROJECT. 1422 01:08:29,872 --> 01:08:31,341 >> THAT'S GOOD, BRIDGET. 1423 01:08:31,341 --> 01:08:32,942 I WANT TO SEE WHAT'S ON EACH 1424 01:08:32,942 --> 01:08:33,309 WEBSITE. 1425 01:08:33,309 --> 01:08:34,978 I HAVE TO DO THAT MYSELF AS 1426 01:08:34,978 --> 01:08:42,218 WELL. 1427 01:08:42,218 --> 01:08:43,820 ARE THERE COMMON ELEMENTS WE 1428 01:08:43,820 --> 01:08:45,288 WANT TO SEE ON EVERYBODY'S 1429 01:08:45,288 --> 01:08:46,889 WEBSITE. 1430 01:08:46,889 --> 01:08:47,623 OUR CENTERS SHOULD BE 1431 01:08:47,623 --> 01:08:48,858 AMBASSADORS LIKE YOU SHOULD BE 1432 01:08:48,858 --> 01:08:51,094 FOR THE ALCOHOL FIELD. 1433 01:08:51,094 --> 01:08:53,162 AND OUR CENTERS BECAUSE THE 1434 01:08:53,162 --> 01:08:55,365 BUDGET HASN'T CHANGED SINCE 1435 01:08:55,365 --> 01:08:57,734 1977, WHAT I HAVE CHANGED IS 1436 01:08:57,734 --> 01:08:59,168 EACH CENTER IS MORE FOCUSSED ON 1437 01:08:59,168 --> 01:09:07,210 A GIVEN DOMAIN OF ACTIVITY LIKE 1438 01:09:07,210 --> 01:09:09,112 MICROBIOME OR EPIGENETICS OR 1439 01:09:09,112 --> 01:09:09,445 TREATMENT. 1440 01:09:09,445 --> 01:09:14,217 I WANT TO SEE WE ALSO 1441 01:09:14,217 --> 01:09:16,519 COORDINATE -- THAT PEOPLE KNOW 1442 01:09:16,519 --> 01:09:17,987 THAT'S A TREATMENT ORIENTED 1443 01:09:17,987 --> 01:09:18,221 CENTER. 1444 01:09:18,221 --> 01:09:20,990 THAT'S WHERE CLINICAL STUDIES 1445 01:09:20,990 --> 01:09:23,259 ARE BEING DONE OR HUMAN LAB 1446 01:09:23,259 --> 01:09:23,493 STUDIES. 1447 01:09:23,493 --> 01:09:25,094 I DON'T KNOW WHETHER WE HAVE A 1448 01:09:25,094 --> 01:09:26,262 CENTER THAT DOES HUMAN LAB 1449 01:09:26,262 --> 01:09:27,296 STUDIES BUT ANYWAY. 1450 01:09:27,296 --> 01:09:31,467 OKAY. 1451 01:09:31,467 --> 01:09:33,736 >> ARE THERE ANY COMMENTS FROM 1452 01:09:33,736 --> 01:09:35,338 ANYONE ON ZOOM? 1453 01:09:35,338 --> 01:09:38,141 >> GOOD POINT, PHILIPPE. 1454 01:09:38,141 --> 01:09:41,244 ANYBODY ON ZOOM HAVE ANYTHING 1455 01:09:41,244 --> 01:09:49,152 THAT WE'VE MISSED? 1456 01:09:49,152 --> 01:09:50,987 WE'LL ALL BREAK FOR LUNCH EARLY. 1457 01:09:50,987 --> 01:09:52,889 SO I THINK WE'LL BREAK FOR LUX, 1458 01:09:52,889 --> 01:09:54,624 FOUR MINUTES EARLY AND YOU HAVE 1459 01:09:54,624 --> 01:09:56,959 A MAP AND KNOW WHERE TO GET 1460 01:09:56,959 --> 01:09:58,528 FOOD, RIGHT? 1461 01:09:58,528 --> 01:09:59,995 EVERYBODY HAS THE MAP? 1462 01:09:59,995 --> 01:10:05,767 IT'S A PLEASURE TO HAVE JOHN 1463 01:10:05,767 --> 01:10:11,907 NGAI ON COUNCIL TODAY AT NIAAA. 1464 01:10:11,907 --> 01:10:18,147 HE'S THE DIRECTOR OF THE BRAIN 1465 01:10:18,147 --> 01:10:21,150 RESEARCH THROUGH INNOVATIVE 1466 01:10:21,150 --> 01:10:25,354 NEURO TECHNOLOGIES HE EARNED HIS 1467 01:10:25,354 --> 01:10:28,891 BACHELOR'S DEGREE FROM POMONA 1468 01:10:28,891 --> 01:10:33,028 COLLEGE, CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA 1469 01:10:33,028 --> 01:10:36,698 AND CAL TECH PASADENA AND WAS AT 1470 01:10:36,698 --> 01:10:39,401 THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND 1471 01:10:39,401 --> 01:10:41,537 SURGEONS BEFORE STARTING IN A 1472 01:10:41,537 --> 01:10:42,771 FACULTY POSITION AT THE 1473 01:10:42,771 --> 01:10:43,939 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, 1474 01:10:43,939 --> 01:10:44,339 BERKELEY. 1475 01:10:44,339 --> 01:10:47,910 OVER 27 YEARS AS A BERKELEY 1476 01:10:47,910 --> 01:10:50,078 FACULTY MEMBER, HE TRAINED 20 1477 01:10:50,078 --> 01:10:51,713 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, 24 1478 01:10:51,713 --> 01:10:53,081 GRADUATE STUDENTS AND 15 1479 01:10:53,081 --> 01:10:54,283 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS. 1480 01:10:54,283 --> 01:10:57,452 IN ADDICTION TO TEACHING WELL 1481 01:10:57,452 --> 01:10:59,655 OVER 1,000 STUDENTS IN THE 1482 01:10:59,655 --> 01:11:01,023 CLASSROOM. 1483 01:11:01,023 --> 01:11:05,294 HIS WORK HAS LED TO SCIENTIFIC 1484 01:11:05,294 --> 01:11:07,563 ARTICLES IN THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS 1485 01:11:07,563 --> 01:11:09,097 JOURNALS AND 10 U.S. AND 1486 01:11:09,097 --> 01:11:10,299 INTERNATIONAL PATENTS. 1487 01:11:10,299 --> 01:11:13,402 HE RECEIVED MANY AWARDS FROM THE 1488 01:11:13,402 --> 01:11:18,907 SLOAN FOUNDATION, HUGH 1489 01:11:18,907 --> 01:11:19,708 CHARITABLE TRUST. 1490 01:11:19,708 --> 01:11:23,078 AS A FACULTY MEMBER HE SERVED AS 1491 01:11:23,078 --> 01:11:26,615 DIRECTOR OF BERKELEY'S GRADUATE 1492 01:11:26,615 --> 01:11:31,486 PROGRAM AND NEURAL SCIENCE 1493 01:11:31,486 --> 01:11:35,490 INSTITUTE AND PROVIDED EXTENSIVE 1494 01:11:35,490 --> 01:11:38,560 SERVICES ON COUNCIL SERVICES AND 1495 01:11:38,560 --> 01:11:40,762 STARING GROUP AND CO-CHAIR OF 1496 01:11:40,762 --> 01:11:43,632 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS 1497 01:11:43,632 --> 01:11:46,068 CONSORTIUM STEERING GROUP. 1498 01:11:46,068 --> 01:11:49,338 HE OVERSEES THE LONG-TERM 1499 01:11:49,338 --> 01:11:50,706 STRATEGY AND DAY TO DAY 1500 01:11:50,706 --> 01:11:51,773 OPERATIONS OF THE BRAIN 1501 01:11:51,773 --> 01:11:55,043 INITIATIVE AS IT STRIVES TO 1502 01:11:55,043 --> 01:11:57,479 REVOLUTIONIZE OUR UNDERSTANDING 1503 01:11:57,479 --> 01:11:58,180 OF BRAIN AND DISEASE. 1504 01:11:58,180 --> 01:12:00,882 HE'LL TELL US ABOUT THE BRAIN 1505 01:12:00,882 --> 01:12:03,919 INITIATIVE AND KIND OF OVERVIEW 1506 01:12:03,919 --> 01:12:06,088 OF ACCELERATING DISCOVERY 1507 01:12:06,088 --> 01:12:06,455 TOWARDS CURES. 1508 01:12:06,455 --> 01:12:12,761 I FIRST HEARD A VERSION OF THIS 1509 01:12:12,761 --> 01:12:14,396 TALK THAT SPAWNED MY INTEREST IN 1510 01:12:14,396 --> 01:12:16,565 HAVING US JOIN OUR COUNCIL WHEN 1511 01:12:16,565 --> 01:12:22,671 WE MET AT AN A TRANSLATIONAL 1512 01:12:22,671 --> 01:12:23,905 NEURAL SCIENCE MEETING AND GAVE 1513 01:12:23,905 --> 01:12:26,775 THE TALK TO A BROAD RANGE OF 1514 01:12:26,775 --> 01:12:28,343 INDIVIDUALS SO I'M HOPING IT 1515 01:12:28,343 --> 01:12:32,247 WILL BE A SIMILAR BROAD RANGE 1516 01:12:32,247 --> 01:12:32,447 TODAY. 1517 01:12:32,447 --> 01:12:42,824 IT'S ALL YOURS, JOHN. 1518 01:12:49,631 --> 01:12:52,167 THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 1519 01:12:52,167 --> 01:12:53,869 TELL YOU ABOUT THE BRAIN 1520 01:12:53,869 --> 01:12:54,202 INITIATIVE. 1521 01:12:54,202 --> 01:13:04,713 CAN YOU SEE THE PROPER SCREEN? 1522 01:13:09,251 --> 01:13:10,819 GEORGE TALKED ABOUT THE BRAIN 1523 01:13:10,819 --> 01:13:15,991 INITIATIVE TO ADVANCE THE 1524 01:13:15,991 --> 01:13:19,628 INNOVA 1525 01:13:19,628 --> 01:13:20,896 INNOVATIVE NEURAL TECHNOLOGIES 1526 01:13:20,896 --> 01:13:22,764 AND THERE'S THE REALITY THE 1527 01:13:22,764 --> 01:13:28,737 HUMAN BRAIN IS SO COMPLEX. 1528 01:13:28,737 --> 01:13:31,873 IT COMPRISES 86 TO A BILLION 1529 01:13:31,873 --> 01:13:34,276 NEURONS AND THEY MAKE TRILLIONS 1530 01:13:34,276 --> 01:13:35,911 OF CONNECTIONS THAT UNDER PIN 1531 01:13:35,911 --> 01:13:39,815 OUR ABILITY TO SENSE, MOVE, TO 1532 01:13:39,815 --> 01:13:45,320 HAVE EMOTION, TO BE CONSCIOUS 1533 01:13:45,320 --> 01:13:48,890 AND HAVE SPIRITUALITY AND 1534 01:13:48,890 --> 01:13:49,925 UNIQUELY DIFFERENT FROM EACH 1535 01:13:49,925 --> 01:13:50,125 OTHER. 1536 01:13:50,125 --> 01:13:52,227 THE REALITY IS WE DON'T YET HAVE 1537 01:13:52,227 --> 01:13:54,162 THE TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS 1538 01:13:54,162 --> 01:13:55,364 AMAZING ORGAN FUNCTIONS. 1539 01:13:55,364 --> 01:13:56,631 IF WE DON'T KNOW HOW IT 1540 01:13:56,631 --> 01:14:00,969 FUNCTIONS NORMALLY WE WON'T HAVE 1541 01:14:00,969 --> 01:14:02,404 A CHANCE OF UNDERSTANDING WHAT 1542 01:14:02,404 --> 01:14:05,407 GOES WRONG IN DISEASE AND DEVISE 1543 01:14:05,407 --> 01:14:07,209 CURES AND INTERVENTIONS FOR 1544 01:14:07,209 --> 01:14:08,910 FOLKS LIVING WITH DISORDERS OF 1545 01:14:08,910 --> 01:14:10,212 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 1546 01:14:10,212 --> 01:14:11,913 THAT'S IN A NUTSHELL THE 1547 01:14:11,913 --> 01:14:12,481 MOTIVATION BEHIND THE BRAIN 1548 01:14:12,481 --> 01:14:20,989 INITIATIVE. 1549 01:14:20,989 --> 01:14:26,194 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE SPANS 10 OF 1550 01:14:26,194 --> 01:14:31,099 THE 27 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS 1551 01:14:31,099 --> 01:14:32,200 AND BECAUSE WE'RE DISEASE 1552 01:14:32,200 --> 01:14:35,904 AGNOSTIC OUR GOAL IS TO CREATE 1553 01:14:35,904 --> 01:14:37,973 AND IMPLEMENT TOOLS IN A DISEASE 1554 01:14:37,973 --> 01:14:40,475 AGNOSTIC WAY IN SERVICE OF THE 1555 01:14:40,475 --> 01:14:45,747 MISSIONS FOR ALL THE BRAIN I.C.s 1556 01:14:45,747 --> 01:14:56,191 AND BEYOND OUR GOAL IS TO 1557 01:15:27,122 --> 01:15:28,957 DISSEMINATE AND DEMOCRATIZE 1558 01:15:28,957 --> 01:15:32,561 THESE RICHES FOR THE BENEFIT OF 1559 01:15:32,561 --> 01:15:34,796 ALL THE REALM OF BASIC DISCOVERY 1560 01:15:34,796 --> 01:15:36,431 AS WELL AS CLINICAL 1561 01:15:36,431 --> 01:15:36,765 APPLICATIONS. 1562 01:15:36,765 --> 01:15:39,234 SINCE STARTING WE FUNDED BY NOW 1563 01:15:39,234 --> 01:15:42,637 OVER 1600 AWARDS TO OVER 1700 1564 01:15:42,637 --> 01:15:47,242 P.I.s ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND 1565 01:15:47,242 --> 01:15:48,543 SUPPORT VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL 1566 01:15:48,543 --> 01:15:48,910 COLLABORATIONS. 1567 01:15:48,910 --> 01:15:51,546 IN THE UPPER RIGHT HAND CORNER I 1568 01:15:51,546 --> 01:15:54,049 SHOW THE KINDS OF JOURNALS FOLKS 1569 01:15:54,049 --> 01:15:54,716 HAVE BEEN PUBLISHING IN. 1570 01:15:54,716 --> 01:15:56,585 WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT BRAIN IS 1571 01:15:56,585 --> 01:15:58,286 THAT WE ARE LEVERAGING AND 1572 01:15:58,286 --> 01:16:00,922 BRINGING IN EXPERTISE FROM 1573 01:16:00,922 --> 01:16:05,894 MULTIPLE FIELDS OUTSIDE OF 1574 01:16:05,894 --> 01:16:13,034 BIOLOGY AND FOLKS FROM THE 1575 01:16:13,034 --> 01:16:14,669 PHYSICAL SIDE AND COMPUTATION TO 1576 01:16:14,669 --> 01:16:16,004 BRING TO BEAR NEW WAYS OF 1577 01:16:16,004 --> 01:16:18,006 THINKING HOW TO SOLVE THE 1578 01:16:18,006 --> 01:16:19,307 MYSTERIES OF THE MOST COMPLEX 1579 01:16:19,307 --> 01:16:29,417 ORGAN. 1580 01:16:30,986 --> 01:16:32,654 THE GROUP HAS BEEN WELL 1581 01:16:32,654 --> 01:16:34,923 PUBLISHED AND IF IT'S ON THE 1582 01:16:34,923 --> 01:16:35,924 LEADING EDGE I MAY WE WILL HAVE 1583 01:16:35,924 --> 01:16:37,459 BEEN FUNDED BY THE BRAIN 1584 01:16:37,459 --> 01:16:37,759 INITIATIVE. 1585 01:16:37,759 --> 01:16:39,928 I DON'T HAVE TIME TO GO THROUGH 1586 01:16:39,928 --> 01:16:50,238 THE ENTIRE PORTFOLIO BUT TO SAY 1587 01:16:50,238 --> 01:16:51,873 THE SCIENCE WE SUPPORT ON THE 1588 01:16:51,873 --> 01:16:53,408 LEFT IS THE PRIME SCIENTIFIC 1589 01:16:53,408 --> 01:16:53,608 AREAS. 1590 01:16:53,608 --> 01:16:55,477 THE FIRST BEING DEVELOPING NEW 1591 01:16:55,477 --> 01:16:57,312 TOOLS TO BETTER UNDERSTANDING 1592 01:16:57,312 --> 01:16:59,614 THE CELLS AND CIRCUITS THAT 1593 01:16:59,614 --> 01:17:04,920 UNDERPIN ALL THE BRAIN DOES. 1594 01:17:04,920 --> 01:17:09,491 THE SECOND WILL BE ON NEURAL 1595 01:17:09,491 --> 01:17:10,659 RECORDING AND UNDERSTANDING 1596 01:17:10,659 --> 01:17:12,727 FUNDAMENTALS AND A COOL PROGRAM 1597 01:17:12,727 --> 01:17:16,164 THAT APPLIES THESE NEW RECORDING 1598 01:17:16,164 --> 01:17:18,166 AND MODULATION TECHNOLOGIES IN 1599 01:17:18,166 --> 01:17:19,901 HUMANS AND FIRST IN HUMAN 1600 01:17:19,901 --> 01:17:20,502 CLINICAL TRIALS. 1601 01:17:20,502 --> 01:17:23,939 WE HAVE A VERY STRONG PROGRAM IN 1602 01:17:23,939 --> 01:17:26,775 NEURAL IMAGING ACROSS SCALES NOT 1603 01:17:26,775 --> 01:17:31,680 ONLY NON-INVASIVE NEURAL IMAGING 1604 01:17:31,680 --> 01:17:36,585 AND OTHER MODALS. 1605 01:17:36,585 --> 01:17:38,987 WE HAVE A SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1606 01:17:38,987 --> 01:17:39,321 PROGRAM. 1607 01:17:39,321 --> 01:17:44,392 THE PORTFOLIO SUPPORTS RESEARCH 1608 01:17:44,392 --> 01:17:54,436 IN HOUSE IT USES INNOVATIVE 1609 01:17:54,436 --> 01:18:01,076 APPROACHES AND ONE BRAIN-FUNDED 1610 01:18:01,076 --> 01:18:03,178 BRAMS -- PROGRAMS IS LEVERAGING 1611 01:18:03,178 --> 01:18:08,717 LARGER TEAMS TO COME TO BEAR ON 1612 01:18:08,717 --> 01:18:11,052 THE HIGHLY COMPLEX PROBLEMS AN 1613 01:18:11,052 --> 01:18:13,655 IN THE GRANT SESSIONS THESE ARE 1614 01:18:13,655 --> 01:18:17,525 MULTIINSTITUTION LARGE CONSORTIA 1615 01:18:17,525 --> 01:18:18,627 THAT REQUIRE THE DIRECTOR 1616 01:18:18,627 --> 01:18:19,894 INTEGRATION OF THEORY OF WHAT 1617 01:18:19,894 --> 01:18:23,698 THE SCIENCE IS PURSUING. 1618 01:18:23,698 --> 01:18:27,202 AND FINALLY OVERLAPPING IS THE 1619 01:18:27,202 --> 01:18:28,703 FUNDING IN HUMAN NEURAL SCIENCE 1620 01:18:28,703 --> 01:18:30,739 IT INCLUDES WHAT WE CALL OUR 1621 01:18:30,739 --> 01:18:34,309 RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN HUMANS 1622 01:18:34,309 --> 01:18:34,576 PORTFOLIO. 1623 01:18:34,576 --> 01:18:39,914 THERE ARE PATIENTS WHO ARE 1624 01:18:39,914 --> 01:18:44,052 UNDERGOING TREATMENTS FOR OTHER 1625 01:18:44,052 --> 01:18:48,990 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROBING 1626 01:18:48,990 --> 01:18:50,558 MECHANISMS OF SAY MEMORY, 1627 01:18:50,558 --> 01:18:51,359 STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL AND 1628 01:18:51,359 --> 01:18:54,963 SPATIAL NAVIGATION AND SO FORTH 1629 01:18:54,963 --> 01:18:55,597 WHILE UNDERGOING TREATMENT COULD 1630 01:18:55,597 --> 01:18:57,999 BE RECORDING AND THIS IS A HUGE 1631 01:18:57,999 --> 01:19:02,637 OPPORTUNITY WE'VE SET UP HERE 1632 01:19:02,637 --> 01:19:04,105 BUT ALSO RECOGNIZE THERE'S MANY 1633 01:19:04,105 --> 01:19:06,541 ETHICAL ISSUES AND EXCITING 1634 01:19:06,541 --> 01:19:07,609 PROGRAMS THERE. 1635 01:19:07,609 --> 01:19:09,811 THEN WE HAVE FOUR CROSS CUTTING 1636 01:19:09,811 --> 01:19:12,347 AREAS WITH DATA SCIENCE AND 1637 01:19:12,347 --> 01:19:12,647 INFORMATICS. 1638 01:19:12,647 --> 01:19:14,315 IMAGINE THE DELUGE OF DATA THAT 1639 01:19:14,315 --> 01:19:16,551 THE FIELD IN GENERAL ARE 1640 01:19:16,551 --> 01:19:18,019 CREATING AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO 1641 01:19:18,019 --> 01:19:19,087 THINK AHEAD ABOUT HOW BEST TO 1642 01:19:19,087 --> 01:19:20,855 LEVERAGE THAT AND RIGHT NOW 1643 01:19:20,855 --> 01:19:23,925 THERE'S A HUGE OPPORTUNITY BUT 1644 01:19:23,925 --> 01:19:24,592 RISKS WITH ARTIFICIAL 1645 01:19:24,592 --> 01:19:25,960 INTELLIGENCE AND WE'RE HOPING TO 1646 01:19:25,960 --> 01:19:27,028 EMBRACE THAT FULLY. 1647 01:19:27,028 --> 01:19:29,130 WE'RE COMMITTED TO ESTABLISHING 1648 01:19:29,130 --> 01:19:32,400 A GOOD PIPELINE TO ASSURE WE 1649 01:19:32,400 --> 01:19:36,104 HAVE A GOOD SOURCE OF NEXT 1650 01:19:36,104 --> 01:19:38,640 GENERATION LEADERS THAT WILL 1651 01:19:38,640 --> 01:19:40,542 TAKE OVER WHEN WE RIDE OFF IN 1652 01:19:40,542 --> 01:19:41,476 THE SUNSET. 1653 01:19:41,476 --> 01:19:43,912 WE HAVE A ROBUST TRAINING THERE 1654 01:19:43,912 --> 01:19:46,681 WITH A HEAVY FOCUS ON INCLUSION 1655 01:19:46,681 --> 01:19:47,215 AND EQUITY. 1656 01:19:47,215 --> 01:19:50,185 WE HAVE A NEURAL ETHICS PROGRAM 1657 01:19:50,185 --> 01:19:51,920 THAT FOCUSES ON NEURAL ETHICAL 1658 01:19:51,920 --> 01:19:54,589 ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE WORK 1659 01:19:54,589 --> 01:19:55,457 WE'RE DOING AND DISSEMINATION 1660 01:19:55,457 --> 01:19:57,459 FOCUS TO MAKE SURE THE 1661 01:19:57,459 --> 01:19:58,259 TECHNOLOGIES AND RESOURCES 1662 01:19:58,259 --> 01:19:58,927 CREATED GET OUT FOR THE BENEFIT 1663 01:19:58,927 --> 01:20:08,236 OF ALL. 1664 01:20:08,236 --> 01:20:11,139 I WANT TO GO OVER THE BIG 1665 01:20:11,139 --> 01:20:13,074 PROJECTS LAYING DOWN THE FUTURE 1666 01:20:13,074 --> 01:20:17,645 FOR DISCOVERY ACCELERATING 1667 01:20:17,645 --> 01:20:19,114 TOWARDS CURES RATHER SOONER THAN 1668 01:20:19,114 --> 01:20:19,314 LATER. 1669 01:20:19,314 --> 01:20:22,817 IN 2022 WE LAUNCHED THE BRAIN 1670 01:20:22,817 --> 01:20:26,054 2.0 TRANSFORMATIVE PROJECT. 1671 01:20:26,054 --> 01:20:27,222 PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT 1672 01:20:27,222 --> 01:20:29,491 NEURAL CIRCUITS AND WAYS OF 1673 01:20:29,491 --> 01:20:31,092 INTERROGATING AND MODULATING 1674 01:20:31,092 --> 01:20:35,396 THEM TO TEST BETTER HYPOTHESES 1675 01:20:35,396 --> 01:20:36,831 ABOUT HOW NEURAL SECTOR 1676 01:20:36,831 --> 01:20:40,068 FUNCTIONS UNDER PIN DEVELOPMENT 1677 01:20:40,068 --> 01:20:42,504 AND DRIVE THEM TOWARDS NEURAL 1678 01:20:42,504 --> 01:20:44,405 CIRCUITRIES IN HUMANS AND 1679 01:20:44,405 --> 01:20:45,640 THERE'S THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 1680 01:20:45,640 --> 01:20:48,009 CELL ATLAS NETWORK TO MAP THE 1681 01:20:48,009 --> 01:20:49,878 BRAIN CELL TYPES ACROSS MULTIPLE 1682 01:20:49,878 --> 01:20:51,479 SPECIES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE 1683 01:20:51,479 --> 01:20:53,047 HUMAN BRAIN. 1684 01:20:53,047 --> 01:20:59,921 THE NEXT IS THE SO-CALLED PARTS 1685 01:20:59,921 --> 01:21:08,163 LIST AND NEXT IS THE WIRING 1686 01:21:08,163 --> 01:21:08,396 DIAGRAM. 1687 01:21:08,396 --> 01:21:11,900 THE TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES 1688 01:21:11,900 --> 01:21:14,769 NEEDED TO CREATE WHOLE BRAIN 1689 01:21:14,769 --> 01:21:17,071 WIRED DIAGRAMS IN THE MOUSE AND 1690 01:21:17,071 --> 01:21:19,073 SYNAPSE RESOLUTION IN BIG BRAINS 1691 01:21:19,073 --> 01:21:21,042 AND NON HUMAN PRIMATES TO GIVE 1692 01:21:21,042 --> 01:21:27,582 US THE LOGIC MUCH THE WIRING 1693 01:21:27,582 --> 01:21:29,050 BETWEEN THESE DIFFERENT 1694 01:21:29,050 --> 01:21:31,920 COMPONENTS. 1695 01:21:31,920 --> 01:21:34,088 BETWEEN THESE TWO PROJECTS THIS 1696 01:21:34,088 --> 01:21:35,757 WILL PROVIDE THE TRUTH FOR WHAT 1697 01:21:35,757 --> 01:21:37,492 A NEURAL CIRCUIT LOOKS LIKE AND 1698 01:21:37,492 --> 01:21:39,727 ASK BETTER QUESTIONS. 1699 01:21:39,727 --> 01:21:43,064 HERE I BRING IN THE 1700 01:21:43,064 --> 01:21:44,966 ARMAMENTARIUM FOR THE LARGE TOOL 1701 01:21:44,966 --> 01:21:47,168 KIT FOR ACCESSING THE IDENTIFIED 1702 01:21:47,168 --> 01:21:49,671 CELL TYPE AND CIRCUITS TO START 1703 01:21:49,671 --> 01:21:52,874 ASKING HOW DO THE CELL TYPES AND 1704 01:21:52,874 --> 01:21:55,076 CIRCUITS TO VARIOUS BEHAVIORAL 1705 01:21:55,076 --> 01:21:56,911 OUTPUTS ULTIMATELY WITH THE GOAL 1706 01:21:56,911 --> 01:22:00,148 OF STANDING UP PRECISION CIRCUIT 1707 01:22:00,148 --> 01:22:02,450 THERAPIES AND HOPEFULLY ONE DAY 1708 01:22:02,450 --> 01:22:03,551 PRECISION GENE THERAPIES. 1709 01:22:03,551 --> 01:22:06,754 LET ME GO START WITH THE BRAIN 1710 01:22:06,754 --> 01:22:11,426 INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS PROJECT. 1711 01:22:11,426 --> 01:22:13,428 THE GOAL IS TO CREATE ATLASES 1712 01:22:13,428 --> 01:22:17,198 AND CENSUSES OF WHOLE MAMMALIAN 1713 01:22:17,198 --> 01:22:17,765 BRAINS. 1714 01:22:17,765 --> 01:22:21,436 IT STARTED IN 2014 AT THE START 1715 01:22:21,436 --> 01:22:22,403 OF THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 1716 01:22:22,403 --> 01:22:24,939 AS THE CELL CENSUS CONSORTIUM. 1717 01:22:24,939 --> 01:22:27,175 BACK AS A FACULTY MEMBER AT 1718 01:22:27,175 --> 01:22:28,643 BERKELEY I WAS PART OF THIS 1719 01:22:28,643 --> 01:22:31,079 GROUP AND 10 PILOT PROJECTS. 1720 01:22:31,079 --> 01:22:33,448 THE GOAL WAS TO DEVELOP AND 1721 01:22:33,448 --> 01:22:35,016 VALIDATE POTENTIALLY SCALABLE 1722 01:22:35,016 --> 01:22:36,351 TECHNOLOGIES THAT WOULD GIVE US 1723 01:22:36,351 --> 01:22:38,553 THESE COMPREHENSIVE CELL ATLASES 1724 01:22:38,553 --> 01:22:40,188 OF MAMMALIAN BRAINS. 1725 01:22:40,188 --> 01:22:42,724 THAT WAS QUICKLY SCALED TO THE 1726 01:22:42,724 --> 01:22:45,326 BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS 1727 01:22:45,326 --> 01:22:45,560 NETWORK. 1728 01:22:45,560 --> 01:22:46,928 AGAIN, I WAS FORTUNATE TO BE 1729 01:22:46,928 --> 01:22:49,097 PART OF THIS GROUP BEFORE 1730 01:22:49,097 --> 01:22:51,900 JOINING NIH IN 2020. 1731 01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:54,202 HERE THE GOAL WAS TO REVOLUTION 1732 01:22:54,202 --> 01:22:58,706 I'D OUR ABILITY TO CLASSIFY CELL 1733 01:22:58,706 --> 01:23:00,775 TYPE ON THEIR MOLECULAR AND 1734 01:23:00,775 --> 01:23:05,580 PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES. 1735 01:23:05,580 --> 01:23:09,484 AND THE IDEA WAS TO CREATE A 1736 01:23:09,484 --> 01:23:12,820 COMPREHENSIVE CELL CENSUS OF THE 1737 01:23:12,820 --> 01:23:14,422 MOUSE BRAIN AND THE NEXT STEP IS 1738 01:23:14,422 --> 01:23:19,027 THE GENERATION OF COMPREHENSIVE 1739 01:23:19,027 --> 01:23:22,163 CELL ATLASES OF NON HUMAN 1740 01:23:22,163 --> 01:23:23,932 PRIMATE AND HUMAN BRAINS. 1741 01:23:23,932 --> 01:23:26,401 IN 2022 WE LAUNCHED THE BRAIN 1742 01:23:26,401 --> 01:23:27,902 INITIATIVE CELL ATLAS NETWORK. 1743 01:23:27,902 --> 01:23:30,104 I WANT TO TOUCH ON THE PROGRESS 1744 01:23:30,104 --> 01:23:38,379 WE'VE MADE SINCE THE INCEPTION. 1745 01:23:38,379 --> 01:23:42,850 THERE'S BEEN A NUMBER OF BIG 1746 01:23:42,850 --> 01:23:44,018 PAPER GROUPS PUBLISHED OVER THE 1747 01:23:44,018 --> 01:23:50,858 PAST YEARS STARTING IN 2021 THAT 1748 01:23:50,858 --> 01:23:53,494 BICCN PUT TOGETHER 27 ARTICLES 1749 01:23:53,494 --> 01:23:55,196 IN JOURNALS LOOKING AT THE 1750 01:23:55,196 --> 01:23:57,966 PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX ACROSS 1751 01:23:57,966 --> 01:23:59,233 MULTIPLE MAMMALIAN SPECIES, 1752 01:23:59,233 --> 01:24:03,604 MICE, NON HUMAN PRIMATES AND 1753 01:24:03,604 --> 01:24:05,606 HUMANS CALLED THE MINI ATLAS 1754 01:24:05,606 --> 01:24:07,075 PROJECT AND ESTABLISHED OUR 1755 01:24:07,075 --> 01:24:09,110 ABILITY TO TACKLE WHOLE BRAINS. 1756 01:24:09,110 --> 01:24:11,913 THEN IN DECEMBER OF 2023 THE 1757 01:24:11,913 --> 01:24:14,048 GROUP PUBLISHED A SERIES OF 10 1758 01:24:14,048 --> 01:24:15,950 PAPERS IN NATURE, NINE OF WHICH 1759 01:24:15,950 --> 01:24:19,587 WERE BRAIN FUNDED DESCRIBING A 1760 01:24:19,587 --> 01:24:21,556 COMPREHENSIVE CELL ATLAS OF THE 1761 01:24:21,556 --> 01:24:22,123 ENTIRE MOUSE BRAIN. 1762 01:24:22,123 --> 01:24:25,159 IN THE FALL LAST YEAR THE GROUP 1763 01:24:25,159 --> 01:24:28,262 PUBLISHED SPECTACULAR PAPERS, 21 1764 01:24:28,262 --> 01:24:30,164 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS PROVIDING A 1765 01:24:30,164 --> 01:24:33,801 DRAFT HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN 1766 01:24:33,801 --> 01:24:35,003 PRIMATE BRAIN CELL ATLAS. 1767 01:24:35,003 --> 01:24:36,871 LET ME WALK THROUGH THIS WITH 1768 01:24:36,871 --> 01:24:39,907 YOU TO GIVE YOU A FEEL OF WHAT 1769 01:24:39,907 --> 01:24:41,476 WE HAVE AND WHAT FUTURE 1770 01:24:41,476 --> 01:24:41,943 OPPORTUNITIES ARE. 1771 01:24:41,943 --> 01:24:45,513 IN 2021 THE GROUP PUBLISHED A 1772 01:24:45,513 --> 01:24:47,715 MULTI-MODAL CENSUS OF PRIMARY 1773 01:24:47,715 --> 01:24:52,887 MOTOR CORTEX IN HUMANS, NONHUMAN 1774 01:24:52,887 --> 01:24:54,155 PRIMATES AN MICE. 1775 01:24:54,155 --> 01:24:55,089 THERE WAS SOCIAL ENGINEERING 1776 01:24:55,089 --> 01:24:57,992 THAT WENT ON TO ESTABLISH A 1777 01:24:57,992 --> 01:25:02,030 GROUP THAT COULD WORK TOGETHER 1778 01:25:02,030 --> 01:25:03,898 COMPRISING OVER 250 RESEARCHERS 1779 01:25:03,898 --> 01:25:05,366 SETTING THE STABLE FOR THE 1780 01:25:05,366 --> 01:25:06,367 LARGER ATLASES TO FOLLOW IN THE 1781 01:25:06,367 --> 01:25:07,902 COMING YEARS. 1782 01:25:07,902 --> 01:25:11,906 WE LEARNED ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES 1783 01:25:11,906 --> 01:25:14,342 UNDER THE CLASSIFICATION OF CELL 1784 01:25:14,342 --> 01:25:16,477 TYPE IN THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN IN 1785 01:25:16,477 --> 01:25:16,811 2021. 1786 01:25:16,811 --> 01:25:21,382 IN 2023 WE HAD THE WHOLE MOUSE 1787 01:25:21,382 --> 01:25:25,086 BRAIN CELL ATLAS. 1788 01:25:25,086 --> 01:25:26,254 THIS WAS INCREDIBLE. 1789 01:25:26,254 --> 01:25:28,322 IT WAS BREATHTAKING TO SEE THE 1790 01:25:28,322 --> 01:25:28,589 ANALYSIS. 1791 01:25:28,589 --> 01:25:31,059 IT WAS BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF 1792 01:25:31,059 --> 01:25:33,895 OVER 32 MILLION CELLS ANALYZED 1793 01:25:33,895 --> 01:25:35,897 BY SINGLE CELL APPROACH THAT LED 1794 01:25:35,897 --> 01:25:39,067 TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF OVER 1795 01:25:39,067 --> 01:25:46,908 5,000 STATISTICALLY SQUISH 1796 01:25:46,908 --> 01:25:48,943 SQUISHABLE -- DISTINGUISHABLE 1797 01:25:48,943 --> 01:25:51,579 CELL TYPE, I'LL CALL LOOSELY AND 1798 01:25:51,579 --> 01:25:53,414 IDENTIFIED OTHER FEATURES 1799 01:25:53,414 --> 01:25:54,549 INCLUDING REGULATORY NETWORKS 1800 01:25:54,549 --> 01:25:56,250 GIVING RISE TO THE CELLS AND SO 1801 01:25:56,250 --> 01:25:57,251 FORTH. 1802 01:25:57,251 --> 01:25:58,419 IT'S GOING TO KEEP US BUSY MANY 1803 01:25:58,419 --> 01:26:04,525 YEARS TO COME. 1804 01:26:04,525 --> 01:26:08,763 FINALLY THE DRAFT ATLASES IN 1805 01:26:08,763 --> 01:26:11,099 BRAINS MAPPED THESE BIG BRAINS 1806 01:26:11,099 --> 01:26:11,899 WITH UNPRECEDENTED COMPLEXITY 1807 01:26:11,899 --> 01:26:12,733 ACROSS SPACE. 1808 01:26:12,733 --> 01:26:14,802 NOT ONLY HAVING MOLECULAR 1809 01:26:14,802 --> 01:26:15,937 INFORMATION BUT LOCATION 1810 01:26:15,937 --> 01:26:18,139 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CELLS IN 1811 01:26:18,139 --> 01:26:20,108 DIFFERENT NON HURMAN PRIMATE AND 1812 01:26:20,108 --> 01:26:22,143 HUMAN SPECIES TO UNDERSTAND THE 1813 01:26:22,143 --> 01:26:23,177 EVOLUTION AND SPECIALIZATION 1814 01:26:23,177 --> 01:26:29,484 BETWEEN US AND OUR CLOSEST NON 1815 01:26:29,484 --> 01:26:30,551 PRIMATE RELATIVES AS WELL AS 1816 01:26:30,551 --> 01:26:31,919 ACROSS DEVELOPMENT TIME AS WELL 1817 01:26:31,919 --> 01:26:34,422 AS AGING WHICH HAVE GREAT 1818 01:26:34,422 --> 01:26:35,623 BENEFIT FOR UNDERSTANDING NEURAL 1819 01:26:35,623 --> 01:26:36,491 DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS AND 1820 01:26:36,491 --> 01:26:40,027 DISORDERS OF AGING. 1821 01:26:40,027 --> 01:26:44,665 THIS PAVES THE WAY TO 1822 01:26:44,665 --> 01:26:45,733 UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BRAIN IN 1823 01:26:45,733 --> 01:26:48,936 HEALTH AND DISEASE AND ACTING ON 1824 01:26:48,936 --> 01:26:51,639 THE INFORMATION MOVING FORWARD. 1825 01:26:51,639 --> 01:26:54,642 THE GOAL OF THE THIRD PHASE OF 1826 01:26:54,642 --> 01:26:56,511 THE CELL CENSUS PROJECT IS TO 1827 01:26:56,511 --> 01:26:58,813 MOVE BEYOND GENERATING A TON OF 1828 01:26:58,813 --> 01:27:00,915 DATA ACROSS MANY MODALITIES TO 1829 01:27:00,915 --> 01:27:03,518 CREATE A NEW KNOWLEDGE BASE. 1830 01:27:03,518 --> 01:27:05,553 PEOPLE CAN USE THIS AS AN 1831 01:27:05,553 --> 01:27:06,053 ACTIONABLE RESOURCE. 1832 01:27:06,053 --> 01:27:09,323 IT'S ALREADY STARTING TO BE 1833 01:27:09,323 --> 01:27:12,226 ROLLED OUT INTO OUR BRAIN I.C.s. 1834 01:27:12,226 --> 01:27:15,897 FOR EXAMPLE THROUGH THE SCORCH 1835 01:27:15,897 --> 01:27:17,498 INITIATIVE, SINGLE CELL 1836 01:27:17,498 --> 01:27:18,232 INITIATIVE LAUNCHED BY THE 1837 01:27:18,232 --> 01:27:20,301 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE 1838 01:27:20,301 --> 01:27:23,070 TO LOOK AT THE CELLULAR CHANGES 1839 01:27:23,070 --> 01:27:26,274 THAT MIGHT HAPPEN IN MODELS OF 1840 01:27:26,274 --> 01:27:28,342 OPIOID ADDICTION INTERSECTS WITH 1841 01:27:28,342 --> 01:27:31,312 HIV INFECTION. 1842 01:27:31,312 --> 01:27:35,016 AS WELL AS THE NIDA NEXUS 1843 01:27:35,016 --> 01:27:40,254 LOOKING AT THE ENSEMBLES 1844 01:27:40,254 --> 01:27:41,722 ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTANCE USE 1845 01:27:41,722 --> 01:27:41,989 DISORDER. 1846 01:27:41,989 --> 01:27:45,259 IN THE DEGENERATION SPACE THE 1847 01:27:45,259 --> 01:27:47,895 DIRECT OUTPUT OF THE VICCN WAS 1848 01:27:47,895 --> 01:27:50,798 USING RESOURCES TO STAND UP TO 1849 01:27:50,798 --> 01:27:51,566 SEATTLE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 1850 01:27:51,566 --> 01:27:53,234 BRAIN CELL ATLAS. 1851 01:27:53,234 --> 01:27:55,703 A GROUP BASED OUT OF SEATTLE 1852 01:27:55,703 --> 01:27:59,907 USING THE KNOW-HOW TO LOOK AT 1853 01:27:59,907 --> 01:28:03,244 THE HISTORY OF PROGRESSION OF 1854 01:28:03,244 --> 01:28:06,147 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN A COHORT 1855 01:28:06,147 --> 01:28:09,083 OF PATIENTS AS IDENTIFIED 1856 01:28:09,083 --> 01:28:10,851 CHANGES OF THE DIFFERENT EARLY 1857 01:28:10,851 --> 01:28:13,721 AND LATE STAGES THAT PLAY SIGNAL 1858 01:28:13,721 --> 01:28:15,856 WHAT CELL TYPE AND GENE AND 1859 01:28:15,856 --> 01:28:17,191 REGULATORY PATHWAYS WE MAY THINK 1860 01:28:17,191 --> 01:28:19,627 TO TARGET THAT MIGHT LEAD TO 1861 01:28:19,627 --> 01:28:21,796 CURES AND PREVENTION AND NOT 1862 01:28:21,796 --> 01:28:24,098 JUST TREATMENTS THAT SLOW THE 1863 01:28:24,098 --> 01:28:24,332 DISEASE. 1864 01:28:24,332 --> 01:28:26,234 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT SEEING THE 1865 01:28:26,234 --> 01:28:27,902 RESOURCES BEING ROLLED OUT MORE 1866 01:28:27,902 --> 01:28:28,536 BROADLY ACROSS THE NEUROSCIENCE 1867 01:28:28,536 --> 01:28:38,646 FIELD. 1868 01:28:39,113 --> 01:28:43,651 THE SECOND IS THE CONNEX 1869 01:28:43,651 --> 01:28:43,884 PROGRAM. 1870 01:28:43,884 --> 01:28:47,922 WE JUST RECENTLY FUNDED 11 BIG 1871 01:28:47,922 --> 01:28:51,492 PROJECTS SUPPORTING RESEARCH 1872 01:28:51,492 --> 01:28:55,096 TEAMS ACROSS 40 UNIVERSITIES 1873 01:28:55,096 --> 01:28:55,630 INCLUDING COLLABORATIONS. 1874 01:28:55,630 --> 01:28:57,798 THESE FOLKS WILL BE TASKED WITH 1875 01:28:57,798 --> 01:28:59,533 DEVELOPING AND IDENTIFYING AND 1876 01:28:59,533 --> 01:29:00,501 DEVELOPING SCALABLE TECHNOLOGIES 1877 01:29:00,501 --> 01:29:03,504 THAT CAN BE ROLLED OUT TO LOOK 1878 01:29:03,504 --> 01:29:05,806 AT ENTIRE BRAINS AT THESE 1879 01:29:05,806 --> 01:29:07,975 DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RESOLUTION, 1880 01:29:07,975 --> 01:29:10,811 SYNAPSE RESOLUTION IN MICE AND 1881 01:29:10,811 --> 01:29:12,780 AXON RESOLUTION IN HUMANS AND 1882 01:29:12,780 --> 01:29:14,048 NON HUMAN PRIMATES. 1883 01:29:14,048 --> 01:29:18,319 RIGHT NOW WE DON'T HAVE THE 1884 01:29:18,319 --> 01:29:23,858 TECHNOLOGIES TO SCALE UP AND 1885 01:29:23,858 --> 01:29:25,393 WE'VE ADOPTED THE APPROACH OF 1886 01:29:25,393 --> 01:29:27,895 THINKING BIG AND SCALING SMALL 1887 01:29:27,895 --> 01:29:28,462 AND FAST. 1888 01:29:28,462 --> 01:29:33,868 USING THE SUCCESS OF THE CELL 1889 01:29:33,868 --> 01:29:36,704 CENSUS PROJECT WE HOPE TO 1890 01:29:36,704 --> 01:29:38,005 DEVELOP HIGH RESOLUTION MAPS. 1891 01:29:38,005 --> 01:29:42,176 THEY'RE FOCUSSED ON DEVELOPING 1892 01:29:42,176 --> 01:29:42,810 COMPLIMENTARY METHODS COVERING 1893 01:29:42,810 --> 01:29:46,380 THREE CORE TECHNOLOGIES. 1894 01:29:46,380 --> 01:29:50,384 THE WORKHORSE IS 1895 01:29:50,384 --> 01:29:52,353 ELECTROMICROSCOPY AND THIS IS 1896 01:29:52,353 --> 01:29:54,055 WORK IN THE MICRONS PROJECT MANY 1897 01:29:54,055 --> 01:29:57,224 FOLKS HAVE GONE ON TO SUPPORT 1898 01:29:57,224 --> 01:29:58,893 HERE IN THE BRAIN CONNECTS 1899 01:29:58,893 --> 01:30:00,995 PROJECT. 1900 01:30:00,995 --> 01:30:05,232 THE NEXT IS TO USE MOLECULAR 1901 01:30:05,232 --> 01:30:05,933 TECHNIQUES TO GIVE GREATER 1902 01:30:05,933 --> 01:30:08,836 THROUGHPUT TO AUGMENT WHAT WE 1903 01:30:08,836 --> 01:30:13,107 LEARN IN THE E.M. STUDIES AND IN 1904 01:30:13,107 --> 01:30:15,943 BIG BRAIN LOOKING AT LARGER 1905 01:30:15,943 --> 01:30:17,812 REGIONS OF CONNECTIVITY AND NEED 1906 01:30:17,812 --> 01:30:21,949 OPTICAL TECHNIQUES TO GET TO THE 1907 01:30:21,949 --> 01:30:24,885 MICRON SCALE OF CONNECTOMIC 1908 01:30:24,885 --> 01:30:25,086 SCALE. 1909 01:30:25,086 --> 01:30:29,557 SINCE THE TIME WE CONCEIVED THE 1910 01:30:29,557 --> 01:30:33,461 PROJECT IN 2021, '22 TO NOW 1911 01:30:33,461 --> 01:30:37,598 WE'VE SEEN HUGE LEAPS IN THE 1912 01:30:37,598 --> 01:30:41,435 REALM OF SEGMENTATION AND WILL 1913 01:30:41,435 --> 01:30:45,039 GET THERE IN THE NEXT FIVE TO 10 1914 01:30:45,039 --> 01:30:45,373 YEARS. 1915 01:30:45,373 --> 01:30:46,273 WITH THE GROUND TRUTH 1916 01:30:46,273 --> 01:30:48,109 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CELL TYPES 1917 01:30:48,109 --> 01:30:52,279 AND CONNECTIVITY WE WANT TO 1918 01:30:52,279 --> 01:30:53,447 INTERROGATE AND MODULATE THESE 1919 01:30:53,447 --> 01:30:55,082 CIRCUITS. 1920 01:30:55,082 --> 01:31:01,856 THIS LEADS TO THE ARMAMENTARIUM 1921 01:31:01,856 --> 01:31:03,157 FOR PRE VISION BRAIN CELL ACCESS 1922 01:31:03,157 --> 01:31:05,826 AND HAVE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCESS 1923 01:31:05,826 --> 01:31:09,430 TOOLS THAT ARE BETTER AND BETTER 1924 01:31:09,430 --> 01:31:11,932 DELIVERY VECTORS AND GENE 1925 01:31:11,932 --> 01:31:12,666 REGULATORY ELEMENTS WE'RE 1926 01:31:12,666 --> 01:31:19,140 LEARNING ABOUT TO GET THESE PAY 1927 01:31:19,140 --> 01:31:20,975 LOADS INTO SPECIFIC CELL TYPES 1928 01:31:20,975 --> 01:31:21,942 WITH GREATER PRECISION. 1929 01:31:21,942 --> 01:31:25,546 OF COURSE THE PAY LOADS ARE 1930 01:31:25,546 --> 01:31:29,150 DEVELOPING BETTER ACTUATORS AND 1931 01:31:29,150 --> 01:31:30,317 HEMOGENETIC TOOLS AND GENE ET 1932 01:31:30,317 --> 01:31:33,821 TORS TO GET IN THERE AND MAKE 1933 01:31:33,821 --> 01:31:35,156 SURE THESE ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO 1934 01:31:35,156 --> 01:31:43,898 THE FOLKS IN THE FIELD. 1935 01:31:43,898 --> 01:31:45,433 THE PROJECTS ARE ALREADY QUITE 1936 01:31:45,433 --> 01:31:47,902 ACTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE. 1937 01:31:47,902 --> 01:31:49,970 THEY'RE CREATING GREAT TOOLS FOR 1938 01:31:49,970 --> 01:31:51,172 TARGETING BASED ON ENGINEERING 1939 01:31:51,172 --> 01:31:54,575 AND AAV AND IDENTIFYING GENE 1940 01:31:54,575 --> 01:31:57,344 REGULATORY AIL MANIES TO GET 1941 01:31:57,344 --> 01:31:58,012 GREATER SPECIFICITY. 1942 01:31:58,012 --> 01:32:02,349 WE'RE WORKING HARD TO MAKE SURE 1943 01:32:02,349 --> 01:32:03,918 THESE ARE AVAILABLE TO THE 1944 01:32:03,918 --> 01:32:06,654 BROADER RESEARCH COMMUNITY. 1945 01:32:06,654 --> 01:32:08,689 WE FUND DIFFERENT DISSEMINATION 1946 01:32:08,689 --> 01:32:10,791 CORES AROUND THE COUNTRY. 1947 01:32:10,791 --> 01:32:17,765 WE'VE PARTNERED WITH A SPECIAL 1948 01:32:17,765 --> 01:32:21,202 PAGE FOR BRAIN INITIATED 1949 01:32:21,202 --> 01:32:22,436 RESOURCES THERE WERE OVER 2900 1950 01:32:22,436 --> 01:32:24,672 ENTRIES YESTERDAY AND IT'S A 1951 01:32:24,672 --> 01:32:26,173 GREAT RESOURCE FOR FOLKS TO GET 1952 01:32:26,173 --> 01:32:34,348 THEIR HANDS ON THESE COOL TOOLS. 1953 01:32:34,348 --> 01:32:36,484 I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THE TOOLS 1954 01:32:36,484 --> 01:32:38,586 GENERATED THAT YOU MIGHT 1955 01:32:38,586 --> 01:32:41,322 CONSIDER AS BEING RELEVANT FOR 1956 01:32:41,322 --> 01:32:43,190 THE MISSION FOR UNRAVELLING THE 1957 01:32:43,190 --> 01:32:47,027 CIRCUITS OF REWARD AND ADDICTION 1958 01:32:47,027 --> 01:32:51,432 AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS 1959 01:32:51,432 --> 01:32:53,434 INCLUDING ALCOHOL ABUSE. 1960 01:32:53,434 --> 01:32:56,036 THIS IS FROM A MULTI-INSTITUTION 1961 01:32:56,036 --> 01:32:57,004 PROJECT THAT DEVELOPED WAVE 1962 01:32:57,004 --> 01:33:01,642 LENGTH SHIFTED SENSORS FOR 1963 01:33:01,642 --> 01:33:03,911 DOPAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTER AND 1964 01:33:03,911 --> 01:33:05,145 WHY'S THAT IMPORTANT? 1965 01:33:05,145 --> 01:33:07,248 WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO LOOK AT 1966 01:33:07,248 --> 01:33:09,950 NOT JUST DOPAMINE RELEASE AND 1967 01:33:09,950 --> 01:33:11,318 OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASES 1968 01:33:11,318 --> 01:33:13,153 SO BEING ABLE TO CREATE AND 1969 01:33:13,153 --> 01:33:15,689 USING THESE SENSORS WITH 1970 01:33:15,689 --> 01:33:17,691 DIFFERENT WAVE LENGTHS ALLOWS 1971 01:33:17,691 --> 01:33:19,193 ONE TO GO IN AND LOOK AT 1972 01:33:19,193 --> 01:33:21,795 SPECIFIC CIRCUITS AND FROM THE 1973 01:33:21,795 --> 01:33:23,898 PERSPECTIVE OF NOT JUST DOPAMINE 1974 01:33:23,898 --> 01:33:26,267 RELEASE AND IN THE CASE OF 1975 01:33:26,267 --> 01:33:28,269 CHOLINE RELEASE AND COMBINING 1976 01:33:28,269 --> 01:33:31,839 THEM WITH OTHER SENSORS FOR 1977 01:33:31,839 --> 01:33:32,673 CELLULAR ACTIVITY. 1978 01:33:32,673 --> 01:33:35,109 IT'S JUST ONE OF MANY EXAMPLES 1979 01:33:35,109 --> 01:33:37,945 OF THE TOOLS THAT WILL ASSIST 1980 01:33:37,945 --> 01:33:38,979 RESEARCHERS LOOKING AT THESE 1981 01:33:38,979 --> 01:33:40,347 CIRCUITS OF REWARD AND ADDICTION 1982 01:33:40,347 --> 01:33:43,083 TO GENERATE BETTER MODELS THAT 1983 01:33:43,083 --> 01:33:48,088 HOPEFULLY CAN TRANSLATE TO 1984 01:33:48,088 --> 01:33:49,156 TREATING AND PREVENTION OF 1985 01:33:49,156 --> 01:33:53,427 ALCOHOL ABUSE. 1986 01:33:53,427 --> 01:33:57,031 OKAY. 1987 01:33:57,031 --> 01:33:59,700 WE'VE PUT TOGETHER THESE THREE 1988 01:33:59,700 --> 01:34:00,534 MUTUALLY REINFORCING PROJECTS. 1989 01:34:00,534 --> 01:34:02,570 THE FIRST TWO IS THE PARTS LIST 1990 01:34:02,570 --> 01:34:05,172 AND DIAGRAM TO GIVE THE GROUND 1991 01:34:05,172 --> 01:34:07,174 TRUTH INFORMATION ABOUT NEURAL 1992 01:34:07,174 --> 01:34:09,276 CIRCUITS AND THE THIRD THE 1993 01:34:09,276 --> 01:34:11,712 ARMAMENTARIUM PROJECT WILL GET 1994 01:34:11,712 --> 01:34:15,950 US INTO THE SPECIFIC CELLS AND 1995 01:34:15,950 --> 01:34:17,785 CIRCUITS TO START ASKING HOW 1996 01:34:17,785 --> 01:34:19,320 THEIR BEHAVIOR CAN CREATE BETTER 1997 01:34:19,320 --> 01:34:21,555 MODELS FOR HUMAN BRAIN DISORDERS 1998 01:34:21,555 --> 01:34:27,227 AND LEADING TO PRECISION CIRCUIT 1999 01:34:27,227 --> 01:34:29,697 THERAPIES PRECISION GENE 2000 01:34:29,697 --> 01:34:30,064 THERAPIES. 2001 01:34:30,064 --> 01:34:33,367 THESE ARE TRANSFORMATIVE 2002 01:34:33,367 --> 01:34:38,272 PROJECTS WE LAUNCHED THE BRAIN 2003 01:34:38,272 --> 01:34:42,376 BEHAVIOR OF SYNCHRONIZATION 2004 01:34:42,376 --> 01:34:45,045 METHOD AND TO DEVELOP APPROACH 2005 01:34:45,045 --> 01:34:47,848 TO QUANTIFY COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN 2006 01:34:47,848 --> 01:34:55,356 HUMAN AND NON HUMAN MODELS AND 2007 01:34:55,356 --> 01:34:58,592 RECORDINGS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY. 2008 01:34:58,592 --> 01:35:02,930 THE GOAL IS TO USE THIS TO 2009 01:35:02,930 --> 01:35:03,998 INFORM CLOSED LOOP NEURAL 2010 01:35:03,998 --> 01:35:05,699 MODULATION THERAPIES FOR MENTAL 2011 01:35:05,699 --> 01:35:11,205 AND OTHER BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS. 2012 01:35:11,205 --> 01:35:15,142 AND DEVELOP MODELS SENSORS FOR 2013 01:35:15,142 --> 01:35:16,377 MEASURING BEHAVIOR AND VERY 2014 01:35:16,377 --> 01:35:18,045 IMPORTANTLY A WAY TO COORDINATE 2015 01:35:18,045 --> 01:35:21,382 ALL THE DATA COMING FROM THE 2016 01:35:21,382 --> 01:35:23,450 DIFFERENT STREAMS WHICH WILL 2017 01:35:23,450 --> 01:35:25,152 INCLUDE DEVELOPING BETTER 2018 01:35:25,152 --> 01:35:27,087 THEORETICAL MODELS AND 2019 01:35:27,087 --> 01:35:28,188 COMPUTATIONAL MODELS TO MAKE 2020 01:35:28,188 --> 01:35:29,690 SENSE OF THE DATA FROM THE 2021 01:35:29,690 --> 01:35:30,557 MULTIPLE MODALITIES. 2022 01:35:30,557 --> 01:35:31,725 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THAT. 2023 01:35:31,725 --> 01:35:33,560 IT'S JUST BEEN LAUNCHED. 2024 01:35:33,560 --> 01:35:37,197 WE HAVE DIFFERENT PROGRAMS THAT 2025 01:35:37,197 --> 01:35:39,566 ARE IN PROCESS WE'RE ABOUT TO 2026 01:35:39,566 --> 01:35:41,402 FOUND IF WE HAVEN'T ALREADY 2027 01:35:41,402 --> 01:35:42,736 FUNDED THE FIRST DATA IN A.I. 2028 01:35:42,736 --> 01:35:45,039 CENTER TO PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE. 2029 01:35:45,039 --> 01:35:46,774 OTHER BIG PROJECTS ALSO HAVE 2030 01:35:46,774 --> 01:35:48,809 THESE COORDINATION CENTERS THAT 2031 01:35:48,809 --> 01:35:51,745 ARE GOING TO MAXIMIZE THE 2032 01:35:51,745 --> 01:35:53,280 UTILITY OF THESE LARGE DATA SETS 2033 01:35:53,280 --> 01:35:55,015 AND WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO 2034 01:35:55,015 --> 01:35:58,252 GETTING INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2035 01:35:58,252 --> 01:35:59,687 CUTTING EDGE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES 2036 01:35:59,687 --> 01:36:00,654 AS PART OF THIS. 2037 01:36:00,654 --> 01:36:01,221 PLEASE STRAY TUNED FOR THAT. 2038 01:36:01,221 --> 01:36:03,157 . 2039 01:36:03,157 --> 01:36:04,892 THIS IS OUR APPROACH. 2040 01:36:04,892 --> 01:36:07,194 WE'RE LAYING DOWN THE FOUNDATION 2041 01:36:07,194 --> 01:36:11,498 FOR FUTURE CURES AND TO BRING 2042 01:36:11,498 --> 01:36:12,399 CURES CLOSER TO US. 2043 01:36:12,399 --> 01:36:13,233 IN THE MEANTIME IT'S IMPORTANT 2044 01:36:13,233 --> 01:36:14,435 TO HIGHLIGHT WHAT WE'RE DOING TO 2045 01:36:14,435 --> 01:36:16,770 HELP HUMANS RIGHT NOW. 2046 01:36:16,770 --> 01:36:19,006 I'M SURE YOU'RE ALL FAMILIAR 2047 01:36:19,006 --> 01:36:20,908 WITH DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION IT'S 2048 01:36:20,908 --> 01:36:24,978 BEEN AROUND OVER DECADES NOW TO 2049 01:36:24,978 --> 01:36:25,946 TREAT MOTOR SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED 2050 01:36:25,946 --> 01:36:27,347 WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE. 2051 01:36:27,347 --> 01:36:29,950 OVER THE LAST COUPLE YEARS WE'VE 2052 01:36:29,950 --> 01:36:33,854 SEEN AN EXPLOSION OF STUDIES 2053 01:36:33,854 --> 01:36:38,125 APPLYING THESE TECHNOLOGIES TO 2054 01:36:38,125 --> 01:36:39,893 MORE COMPLEX NEURAL PSYCHIATRIC 2055 01:36:39,893 --> 01:36:41,895 AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERS. 2056 01:36:41,895 --> 01:36:43,464 THESE ARE PAPERS FROM THE 2057 01:36:43,464 --> 01:36:43,997 LITERATURE. 2058 01:36:43,997 --> 01:36:46,433 IT'S OUT OF DATE BY NOW BUT 2059 01:36:46,433 --> 01:36:51,839 WE'RE NOW SEEING THE USE OF DBS 2060 01:36:51,839 --> 01:36:55,442 TO TREAT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE 2061 01:36:55,442 --> 01:36:59,480 DISORDER, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS 2062 01:36:59,480 --> 01:37:01,215 DISORDER, OCD, RECOVERING MOTOR 2063 01:37:01,215 --> 01:37:03,917 FUNCTION AFTER STROKE AND WE'LL 2064 01:37:03,917 --> 01:37:10,958 SEE SOON THE USE OF DBS TO TREAT 2065 01:37:10,958 --> 01:37:13,127 CHRONIC PAIN AND MOOD DISORDERS. 2066 01:37:13,127 --> 01:37:14,461 IT'S STRIKING HOW QUICKLY THE 2067 01:37:14,461 --> 01:37:15,362 FIELD HAS EVOLVED. 2068 01:37:15,362 --> 01:37:17,965 IT'S BEEN AN EVOLUTION AND 2069 01:37:17,965 --> 01:37:20,934 ATTRIBUTE IT TO THREE MAIN 2070 01:37:20,934 --> 01:37:21,268 THINGS. 2071 01:37:21,268 --> 01:37:23,904 THE FIRST IS TO BETTER MAP 2072 01:37:23,904 --> 01:37:27,641 NEURAL CIRCUITS IN HUMANS AND WE 2073 01:37:27,641 --> 01:37:29,643 WILL KNOW WHERE WE WANT TO 2074 01:37:29,643 --> 01:37:29,910 STIMULATE. 2075 01:37:29,910 --> 01:37:33,113 THE SECOND IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2076 01:37:33,113 --> 01:37:36,383 BETTER AND BETTER RECORDING AND 2077 01:37:36,383 --> 01:37:37,217 MODULATION AND STIMULATION 2078 01:37:37,217 --> 01:37:39,052 TECHNOLOGIES AND ALL THE STUDIES 2079 01:37:39,052 --> 01:37:41,755 ARE DONE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 2080 01:37:41,755 --> 01:37:42,723 DEVICE MANUFACTURERS. 2081 01:37:42,723 --> 01:37:43,957 THE THIRD IS THE IMPLEMENTATION 2082 01:37:43,957 --> 01:37:46,226 AND DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER AND 2083 01:37:46,226 --> 01:37:49,096 BETTER A.I. ALGORITHMS THAT CAN 2084 01:37:49,096 --> 01:37:50,964 READ OUT AS THE NEURAL SIGNALS 2085 01:37:50,964 --> 01:37:53,901 BEING RECORDED FROM INDIVIDUAL 2086 01:37:53,901 --> 01:37:55,969 PEOPLES BRAINS AND TO TURN THESE 2087 01:37:55,969 --> 01:37:58,071 INTO ACTIONABLE BIOMARKERS. 2088 01:37:58,071 --> 01:37:59,339 BASICALLY WE'RE SEEING THE 2089 01:37:59,339 --> 01:38:01,208 ABILITY TO READ OUT AND 2090 01:38:01,208 --> 01:38:03,911 INTERPRET BRAIN ACTIVITY AND TO 2091 01:38:03,911 --> 01:38:07,247 USE THESE AS BIOMARKERS AND USE 2092 01:38:07,247 --> 01:38:09,616 SIMULATION TO MOVE INDIVIDUALS 2093 01:38:09,616 --> 01:38:11,618 BACK TO BETTER SPACE AND IT'S 2094 01:38:11,618 --> 01:38:12,052 REMARKABLE. 2095 01:38:12,052 --> 01:38:15,189 WE'VE BEEN TALKING TO PATIENTS 2096 01:38:15,189 --> 01:38:16,890 WHO HAVE HAD THESE TREATMENTS 2097 01:38:16,890 --> 01:38:19,226 AND THE RESULTS ARE NIGHT AND 2098 01:38:19,226 --> 01:38:22,429 DAY. 2099 01:38:22,429 --> 01:38:24,698 ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE 2100 01:38:24,698 --> 01:38:25,966 TECHNOLOGICAL ARENA HERE BRAIN 2101 01:38:25,966 --> 01:38:27,901 HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN HAS ALSO 2102 01:38:27,901 --> 01:38:31,138 BEEN IN THE SO-CALLED BRAIN 2103 01:38:31,138 --> 01:38:33,774 COMPUTER INTERFACES TO RESTORE 2104 01:38:33,774 --> 01:38:35,242 FUNCTION FOR PEOPLE WHO FOR 2105 01:38:35,242 --> 01:38:37,544 EXAMPLE MIGHT HAVE LOST FUNCTION 2106 01:38:37,544 --> 01:38:40,981 BECAUSE OF STROKE OR INJURY OR 2107 01:38:40,981 --> 01:38:44,785 IN THE CASE OF DEGENERATIVE 2108 01:38:44,785 --> 01:38:46,286 DISEASE, ALS LOVING THE ABILITY 2109 01:38:46,286 --> 01:38:47,020 TO COMMUNICATE. 2110 01:38:47,020 --> 01:38:48,822 THERE'S BEEN EXCITING PAPERS 2111 01:38:48,822 --> 01:38:50,557 COMING OUT THAT HAVE SHOWN 2112 01:38:50,557 --> 01:38:55,896 AMAZING BRAIN COMPUTER 2113 01:38:55,896 --> 01:39:04,471 INTERFACES BRAIN TO SPEECH AND 2114 01:39:04,471 --> 01:39:07,241 BRAIN TO TECH AND THESE REQUIRE 2115 01:39:07,241 --> 01:39:08,475 A LOT OF TRAINING. 2116 01:39:08,475 --> 01:39:13,413 RESEARCHERS FIND WILLING SUBJECT 2117 01:39:13,413 --> 01:39:21,088 TO WORK WITH THIS AND IMPLANT 2118 01:39:21,088 --> 01:39:23,490 ELECTRODES AND GIVE A NEURAL 2119 01:39:23,490 --> 01:39:26,260 PROSTHESIS THAT'S IMPRESSIVE AND 2120 01:39:26,260 --> 01:39:31,865 THERE'S A CONSORTIA FUNDED BY 2121 01:39:31,865 --> 01:39:33,100 NIDDK WITH DEAFNESS AND 2122 01:39:33,100 --> 01:39:34,201 COMMUNICATION DISORDERS AND 2123 01:39:34,201 --> 01:39:35,769 BASED ON EARLIER WORK FUNDED BY 2124 01:39:35,769 --> 01:39:36,837 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE AND WANT TO 2125 01:39:36,837 --> 01:39:38,839 HIGHLIGHT THIS STUDY. 2126 01:39:38,839 --> 01:39:40,340 THIS WAS A PROJECT THE BRAIN 2127 01:39:40,340 --> 01:39:45,679 GATE CONSORTIUM BASED OUT OF 2128 01:39:45,679 --> 01:39:55,656 U.C. DAVIS NOW WITH A 2129 01:39:55,656 --> 01:39:58,325 45-YEAR-OLD MAN IN LATE STAGES 2130 01:39:58,325 --> 01:40:03,130 OF ALS NO LONGER ABLE TO 2131 01:40:03,130 --> 01:40:06,466 COMMUNICATE WITH HIS LOVED ONES 2132 01:40:06,466 --> 01:40:08,802 AND IMPLANTED ELECTRODES AND 2133 01:40:08,802 --> 01:40:10,037 DECODED THE SIGNALS COMING FROM 2134 01:40:10,037 --> 01:40:14,074 THE REGIONS OF THE BRAIN AS HE 2135 01:40:14,074 --> 01:40:22,015 TRIES TO ANNUNCIATE WORDS AND 2136 01:40:22,015 --> 01:40:23,917 PUT THIS THROUGH A SPEECH 2137 01:40:23,917 --> 01:40:24,217 SYNTHESIZER. 2138 01:40:24,217 --> 01:40:25,886 THE OTHER PART WHICH IS AMAZING 2139 01:40:25,886 --> 01:40:28,588 IS THEY HAVE RECORDINGS OF THIS 2140 01:40:28,588 --> 01:40:31,058 INDIVIDUAL BEFORE HE SUCCUMBED 2141 01:40:31,058 --> 01:40:34,928 TO THE PARALYSIS AND THEY CAN 2142 01:40:34,928 --> 01:40:36,930 PUSH THIS INFORMING THROUGH THE 2143 01:40:36,930 --> 01:40:40,133 SYNTHESIZER IN HIS OWN VOICE. 2144 01:40:40,133 --> 01:40:43,236 WHAT MAKES THIS REMARKABLE IS 2145 01:40:43,236 --> 01:40:44,671 IT'S LITERALLY PLUG AND PLAY. 2146 01:40:44,671 --> 01:40:49,443 WHEN THEY ARE IMPLANTED HIM WITH 2147 01:40:49,443 --> 01:40:54,982 THE ELECTRODES FOUR WEEKS AFTER 2148 01:40:54,982 --> 01:40:58,785 THE INITIAL IMPLANTATION WITHIN 2149 01:40:58,785 --> 01:41:01,788 HALF AN HOUR HE WAS ABLE TO PUT 2150 01:41:01,788 --> 01:41:06,026 OUT A 50 WORD VOCABULARY WITH 2151 01:41:06,026 --> 01:41:09,963 ABOUT 100% ACCURACY AND WITHIN 2152 01:41:09,963 --> 01:41:11,431 ANOTHER HOUR AND A HALF OF 2153 01:41:11,431 --> 01:41:13,233 TRAINING THEY WERE ABLE TO GET 2154 01:41:13,233 --> 01:41:16,803 HIM TO A 125,000 WORD VOCABULARY 2155 01:41:16,803 --> 01:41:19,239 WITH 90% ACCURACY AND LEVELED 2156 01:41:19,239 --> 01:41:20,707 OUT TO 97% ACCURACY. 2157 01:41:20,707 --> 01:41:23,577 THIS IS AS CLOSE AS WE CAN GET 2158 01:41:23,577 --> 01:41:24,211 TO PLUG AND PLAY. 2159 01:41:24,211 --> 01:41:27,914 WHAT THIS MEANS IS OUR ABILITY 2160 01:41:27,914 --> 01:41:33,754 TO ROLL THIS OUT TO MORE 2161 01:41:33,754 --> 01:41:37,257 PATIENTS IN NEED THE BARRIER HAS 2162 01:41:37,257 --> 01:41:40,060 BEEN LOWERED BY A SIGNIFICANT 2163 01:41:40,060 --> 01:41:40,861 AMOUNT. 2164 01:41:40,861 --> 01:41:42,796 I WANT TO SHOW TWO VIDEOS OF THE 2165 01:41:42,796 --> 01:41:43,430 RESEARCH SUBJECT AND WHAT IT DID 2166 01:41:43,430 --> 01:41:46,233 FOR HIM. 2167 01:41:46,233 --> 01:41:47,901 THE FIRST JUST SHOWS THE FIRST 2168 01:41:47,901 --> 01:41:49,036 TRAINING SESSION. 2169 01:41:49,036 --> 01:41:50,570 THE FIRST HALF HOUR TRAINING 2170 01:41:50,570 --> 01:41:50,937 SESSION. 2171 01:41:50,937 --> 01:41:52,472 THEY HAD TO STOP BECAUSE 2172 01:41:52,472 --> 01:41:53,774 EVERYBODY IN THE ROOM WAS 2173 01:41:53,774 --> 01:41:54,241 BROUGHT TO TEARS. 2174 01:41:54,241 --> 01:41:56,910 THE SECOND VIDEO IS MORE 2175 01:41:56,910 --> 01:41:59,846 EXTENSIVE AND YOU'LL LEHEAR WHA 2176 01:41:59,846 --> 01:42:04,117 YOU THINK IS A NARRATION OVER 2177 01:42:04,117 --> 01:42:06,053 BUT IT'S THE INDIVIDUAL SPEAKING 2178 01:42:06,053 --> 01:42:07,554 THROUGH HIS NEURAL PROSTHESIS. 2179 01:42:07,554 --> 01:42:18,065 IF YOU HAVE A HANDKERCHIEF 2180 01:42:18,065 --> 01:42:20,067 NEARBY IT'S AMAZING. 2181 01:42:20,067 --> 01:42:27,707 IF YOU CAN'T HEAR I'LL FIX MY 2182 01:42:27,707 --> 01:42:28,041 VIDEO. 2183 01:42:28,041 --> 01:42:29,409 >> IT TOOK WEEKS AND MONTHS TO 2184 01:42:29,409 --> 01:42:29,943 GET WORKING. 2185 01:42:29,943 --> 01:42:33,146 THE FIRST TIME WE TRIED TO USE 2186 01:42:33,146 --> 01:42:38,251 THE SYSTEM IT JUST WORKED. 2187 01:42:38,251 --> 01:42:40,587 6: 2188 01:42:40,587 --> 01:42:45,959 >> THE FIRST TIME HE TRIED TO 2189 01:42:45,959 --> 01:42:46,393 SPEAK. 2190 01:42:46,393 --> 01:42:46,960 HE STARTED CRYING. 2191 01:42:46,960 --> 01:42:48,695 I STARTED CRYING. 2192 01:42:48,695 --> 01:42:51,164 HIS FAMILY STARTED CRYING. 2193 01:42:51,164 --> 01:42:55,302 EVERYONE -- WE HAD TO PAUSE AND 2194 01:42:55,302 --> 01:42:58,071 STOP THE REST OF THAT BLOCK OF 2195 01:42:58,071 --> 01:42:59,940 EXPERIMENT TRIALS AND COMPOSED 2196 01:42:59,940 --> 01:43:02,509 THEMSELVES AND IT KEPT WORKING. 2197 01:43:02,509 --> 01:43:07,481 IT WAS REALLY SPECIAL. 2198 01:43:07,481 --> 01:43:10,250 PEOPLE WHO DO NOT HAVE THE 2199 01:43:10,250 --> 01:43:12,686 ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE WELL OR 2200 01:43:12,686 --> 01:43:16,389 QUICKLY ARE ISOLATED AND LONELY. 2201 01:43:16,389 --> 01:43:18,158 HAVING SOMETHING LIKE THIS GIVES 2202 01:43:18,158 --> 01:43:19,392 HOPE AND OPPORTUNITY TO BE 2203 01:43:19,392 --> 01:43:19,693 THEMSELVES. 2204 01:43:19,693 --> 01:43:24,131 >> IT WORKS WELL ENOUGH IT LETS 2205 01:43:24,131 --> 01:43:25,765 HIM JUST BE A PART OF SOCIETY 2206 01:43:25,765 --> 01:43:26,466 AND TALK. 2207 01:43:26,466 --> 01:43:28,301 >> I'M ABLE TO WORK FULL TIME 2208 01:43:28,301 --> 01:43:29,970 FOR CLIMATE ACTION AND ABLE TO 2209 01:43:29,970 --> 01:43:31,271 DO THAT WELL AND MORE 2210 01:43:31,271 --> 01:43:33,306 EFFICIENTLY WITH THIS DEVICE. 2211 01:43:33,306 --> 01:43:35,876 >> THE REASON IT'S SO 2212 01:43:35,876 --> 01:43:37,377 TRANSFORMATIVE IS IT PROVIDES 2213 01:43:37,377 --> 01:43:39,546 FOR HOPE WITH PEOPLE LIVING WITH 2214 01:43:39,546 --> 01:43:43,717 THESE DISEASES. 2215 01:43:43,717 --> 01:43:45,819 AS THEY ARE PHRASE THEIR DISEASE 2216 01:43:45,819 --> 01:43:47,888 BUT KNOW THEY'LL HAVE THE 2217 01:43:47,888 --> 01:43:57,797 ABILITY TO RETAIN COMMUNICATION. 2218 01:43:57,797 --> 01:43:59,900 >> THIS WAS TRULY THE STUFF OF 2219 01:43:59,900 --> 01:44:01,401 SCIENCE FICTION 10 YEARS AGO AND 2220 01:44:01,401 --> 01:44:03,737 AMAZING TO SEE THE PROGRESS 2221 01:44:03,737 --> 01:44:04,070 HERE. 2222 01:44:04,070 --> 01:44:08,008 I HAVE TO MAKE RAY CALL OUT TO 2223 01:44:08,008 --> 01:44:10,043 FOLKS LIKE HIM WHO ARE BRAVE 2224 01:44:10,043 --> 01:44:11,778 ENOUGH TO PARTICIPATE AS 2225 01:44:11,778 --> 01:44:12,946 PARTNERS IN CRITICAL RESEARCH 2226 01:44:12,946 --> 01:44:15,315 AND WE HAVE A LONG WAY TO GO TO 2227 01:44:15,315 --> 01:44:16,816 MAKE TECHNOLOGIES TRULY 2228 01:44:16,816 --> 01:44:19,019 ACCESSIBLE BUT THIS IS A VERY 2229 01:44:19,019 --> 01:44:20,120 IMPORTANT STEP AND WE'RE 2230 01:44:20,120 --> 01:44:21,755 GRATEFUL NOT ONLY TO THE 2231 01:44:21,755 --> 01:44:23,490 BRILLIANCE OF THE RESEARCH BUT 2232 01:44:23,490 --> 01:44:25,158 BRAVERY AND GENEROSITY OF THE 2233 01:44:25,158 --> 01:44:25,759 HUMANS WITH THESE CONDITIONS 2234 01:44:25,759 --> 01:44:28,395 WILLING TO WORK WITH US. 2235 01:44:28,395 --> 01:44:29,996 AND THIS BRINGS ME TO THE WINDOW 2236 01:44:29,996 --> 01:44:31,364 OF OPPORTUNITY WE HAVE IN 2237 01:44:31,364 --> 01:44:34,501 WORKING WITH HUMANS AS RESEARCH 2238 01:44:34,501 --> 01:44:36,937 PARTNERS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 2239 01:44:36,937 --> 01:44:41,274 HOW THE BRAIN PROCESSES 2240 01:44:41,274 --> 01:44:41,942 INFORMATION. 2241 01:44:41,942 --> 01:44:43,910 THERE'S ROBUST OPPORTUNITIES IN 2242 01:44:43,910 --> 01:44:46,379 HUMAN AND NEED APPROACH THIS IN 2243 01:44:46,379 --> 01:44:48,615 A CAREFUL AND THOUGHTFUL WAY. 2244 01:44:48,615 --> 01:44:51,384 WE NEED TO TAKE THE ISSUE OF 2245 01:44:51,384 --> 01:44:53,620 WHAT WE BRING NEURAL ETHICS AND 2246 01:44:53,620 --> 01:44:55,855 THE SOCIETAL IMPACT OF WHAT WE 2247 01:44:55,855 --> 01:44:58,792 DO AND HAVE A NEUROSCIENCE 2248 01:44:58,792 --> 01:45:00,293 WORKING GROUP AND INFORMING THE 2249 01:45:00,293 --> 01:45:01,628 PROGRAM ON WHAT ARE THE 2250 01:45:01,628 --> 01:45:03,630 OPPORTUNITIES AND PITFALLS ARE 2251 01:45:03,630 --> 01:45:05,198 IN CONDUCTING SUCH RESEARCH AS 2252 01:45:05,198 --> 01:45:08,768 IT STARTS GETTING AND FURTHER 2253 01:45:08,768 --> 01:45:12,072 INTO PROBING THE HUMAN MIND AND 2254 01:45:12,072 --> 01:45:12,405 THOUGHT. 2255 01:45:12,405 --> 01:45:14,708 AND WE HAVE GUIDING PRINCIPLES 2256 01:45:14,708 --> 01:45:16,309 WITH NOT JUST SAFETY AND PRIVACY 2257 01:45:16,309 --> 01:45:19,913 BUT THE AGENCY AS WE START 2258 01:45:19,913 --> 01:45:24,451 ALTERING PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO 2259 01:45:24,451 --> 01:45:31,391 THINK AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT 2260 01:45:31,391 --> 01:45:34,227 THEIR DECISION MAKING AND WE 2261 01:45:34,227 --> 01:45:35,428 HAVE TO BE MINDFUL OF DATA 2262 01:45:35,428 --> 01:45:35,762 CONCERNS. 2263 01:45:35,762 --> 01:45:38,098 DATA PRIVACY IS A BIG ISSUE WITH 2264 01:45:38,098 --> 01:45:40,800 A.I. TECHNOLOGIES ESSENTIALLY 2265 01:45:40,800 --> 01:45:43,303 MAKING EVERYTHING OUT THERE 2266 01:45:43,303 --> 01:45:45,138 NON-PRIVATE IF WE'RE NOT CAREFUL 2267 01:45:45,138 --> 01:45:47,907 AND NAVIGATING THESE AREAS WILL 2268 01:45:47,907 --> 01:45:49,242 REQUIRE EDUCATION TO THE PUBLIC 2269 01:45:49,242 --> 01:45:51,511 AND ENGAGEMENT WITH THE PUBLIC 2270 01:45:51,511 --> 01:45:52,579 TO BETTER INFORM HOW WE'RE GOING 2271 01:45:52,579 --> 01:45:54,948 TO PURSUE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 2272 01:45:54,948 --> 01:45:57,050 BENEFIT OF ALL AND FOR 2273 01:45:57,050 --> 01:45:58,184 DEMOCRATIZING THESE FOR THE 2274 01:45:58,184 --> 01:45:59,052 BENEFIT OF ALL. 2275 01:45:59,052 --> 01:46:01,588 FINALLY, I WANT TO TOUCH ON THE 2276 01:46:01,588 --> 01:46:03,723 IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING A 2277 01:46:03,723 --> 01:46:05,425 STRONGER WORKFORCE BASED ON A 2278 01:46:05,425 --> 01:46:07,594 GROWING BODY OF LITERATURE THAT 2279 01:46:07,594 --> 01:46:09,963 TELLS US THAT TEAMS WITH DIVERSE 2280 01:46:09,963 --> 01:46:11,264 PERSPECTIVES TEND TO OUT PERFORM 2281 01:46:11,264 --> 01:46:13,400 TEAMS WITHOUT THEM IN TERMS OF 2282 01:46:13,400 --> 01:46:14,968 CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION AND 2283 01:46:14,968 --> 01:46:17,103 ULTIMATE OUTPUT. 2284 01:46:17,103 --> 01:46:19,906 WE PURSUED THIS IN AN 2285 01:46:19,906 --> 01:46:20,907 INTENTIONAL THOUGHTFUL WAY AND 2286 01:46:20,907 --> 01:46:25,412 ONE WE INTRODUCED IS THE PLAN 2287 01:46:25,412 --> 01:46:28,315 FOR ENHANCING DIVERSE 2288 01:46:28,315 --> 01:46:29,249 PERSPECTIVES AND REQUIRE THE AM 2289 01:46:29,249 --> 01:46:31,017 QUANTITY TO GIVE A SUMMARY OF 2290 01:46:31,017 --> 01:46:32,552 HOW THEY'RE GOING TO BETTER 2291 01:46:32,552 --> 01:46:34,254 LEVERAGE DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES IN 2292 01:46:34,254 --> 01:46:35,889 THEIR RESEARCH TEAM IN THE 2293 01:46:35,889 --> 01:46:38,558 INTEREST OF FURTHERING THEIR 2294 01:46:38,558 --> 01:46:39,559 SCIENCE AND THIS CAN BE CARRIED 2295 01:46:39,559 --> 01:46:41,895 OUT IN A NUMBER OF WAYS. 2296 01:46:41,895 --> 01:46:44,464 I'LL GIVE A FEW BULLET POINTS 2297 01:46:44,464 --> 01:46:44,664 HERE. 2298 01:46:44,664 --> 01:46:46,666 IT'S BEING ROLLED OUT GENERALLY 2299 01:46:46,666 --> 01:46:47,334 ACROSS NIH. 2300 01:46:47,334 --> 01:46:49,402 IT'S AN EXPERIMENT AT THIS PHASE 2301 01:46:49,402 --> 01:46:51,838 BUT MAKING US THINK ABOUT HOW WE 2302 01:46:51,838 --> 01:46:54,541 WANT TO BRING IN DIFFERENT KIND 2303 01:46:54,541 --> 01:46:57,477 OF EXPERTISE BASED ON NOT JUST 2304 01:46:57,477 --> 01:46:58,244 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE BUT 2305 01:46:58,244 --> 01:47:03,583 LIVED EXPERIENCE, INSTITUTIONAL 2306 01:47:03,583 --> 01:47:06,453 DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY 2307 01:47:06,453 --> 01:47:08,388 IN THE MOST IMPACTFUL SCIENCE WE 2308 01:47:08,388 --> 01:47:09,789 CAN. 2309 01:47:09,789 --> 01:47:11,157 FINALLY I WANT TO TOUCH ABOUT 2310 01:47:11,157 --> 01:47:12,959 THE BUDGET AND WE'RE IN A PICKLE 2311 01:47:12,959 --> 01:47:14,394 TRACING BACK TO THE WAY WE 2312 01:47:14,394 --> 01:47:17,030 RECEIVE FUNDING WHICH IS A BIT 2313 01:47:17,030 --> 01:47:17,664 UNUSUAL. 2314 01:47:17,664 --> 01:47:19,933 SO BRAIN ENCOMPASSES 10 2315 01:47:19,933 --> 01:47:21,901 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS AND 2316 01:47:21,901 --> 01:47:23,903 RECEIVE ALLOCATIONS THROUGH EACH 2317 01:47:23,903 --> 01:47:26,072 OF THESE I.C.s AS PART OF WHAT 2318 01:47:26,072 --> 01:47:31,411 WE CALL THE BASE ALLOCATION. 2319 01:47:31,411 --> 01:47:36,649 IN FISCAL 22 WE RECEIVED FUNDS 2320 01:47:36,649 --> 01:47:39,886 AUTHORIZED BY THE 21st CENTURIES 2321 01:47:39,886 --> 01:47:42,922 CURES ACT GIVING VARYING AMOUNTS 2322 01:47:42,922 --> 01:47:45,558 TO THE PROGRAMS AND NIH ENDING 2323 01:47:45,558 --> 01:47:47,560 IN FY26. 2324 01:47:47,560 --> 01:47:51,931 SO THE UPS AND DOWNS HAS TO DO 2325 01:47:51,931 --> 01:47:55,468 WITH THE AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS. 2326 01:47:55,468 --> 01:47:58,104 IT CREATES SOME BUDGETING 2327 01:47:58,104 --> 01:47:59,406 CHALLENGE. 2328 01:47:59,406 --> 01:48:05,145 UP THROUGH FY23 WE ENJOYED A 2329 01:48:05,145 --> 01:48:07,013 ROBUST INCREASE FROM BASE 2330 01:48:07,013 --> 01:48:10,617 FUNDING AS WELL AS IN VARYING 2331 01:48:10,617 --> 01:48:14,421 AMOUNTS AND CURES FUNDING. 2332 01:48:14,421 --> 01:48:18,858 WHAT HAPPENED IN 2023 WE SAW 2333 01:48:18,858 --> 01:48:25,765 $152 MILLION TO 4$452 MILLION 2334 01:48:25,765 --> 01:48:33,173 AND WE GOT A NET INCREASE OF $60 2335 01:48:33,173 --> 01:48:36,176 MILLION THE BASE ALLOCATION DID 2336 01:48:36,176 --> 01:48:39,179 NOT GET RESTORED IN FY24 2337 01:48:39,179 --> 01:48:41,448 RESULTING IN A $278 MILLION OR 2338 01:48:41,448 --> 01:48:46,453 40% DROP IN FUNDING AND WAITING 2339 01:48:46,453 --> 01:48:50,957 ANXIOUSLY TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS 2340 01:48:50,957 --> 01:48:54,360 WITH THE FY25 BUDGET AND IN THE 2341 01:48:54,360 --> 01:48:57,397 ELECTION YEAR WE'RE NAVIGATING 2342 01:48:57,397 --> 01:48:59,499 THE IMPACT OF THIS SIGNIFICANT 2343 01:48:59,499 --> 01:49:00,767 CUT AND STAYING TRUE TO OUR 2344 01:49:00,767 --> 01:49:04,370 MISSION OF INNOVATIVE SCIENCE 2345 01:49:04,370 --> 01:49:06,840 DRIVING THE FIELD FORWARD. 2346 01:49:06,840 --> 01:49:08,508 WE WAR HOPING -- WERE HOPING TO 2347 01:49:08,508 --> 01:49:10,043 GET TO RECOVERY SOON BUT THIS IS 2348 01:49:10,043 --> 01:49:11,611 THE BEST WE CAN DO. 2349 01:49:11,611 --> 01:49:13,213 WE HAVE TWO PAGES WHERE PEOPLE 2350 01:49:13,213 --> 01:49:15,215 CAN LEARN MORE UPDATED AS THE 2351 01:49:15,215 --> 01:49:17,951 SITUATION EVOLVES. 2352 01:49:17,951 --> 01:49:19,686 SO FINALLY THIS IS JUST WHERE 2353 01:49:19,686 --> 01:49:20,587 YOU CAN GET MORE INFORMATION 2354 01:49:20,587 --> 01:49:21,321 FROM US. 2355 01:49:21,321 --> 01:49:23,556 WE HAVE A BRAIN BLOG THAT SHOOTS 2356 01:49:23,556 --> 01:49:24,524 OUT INFORMATION. 2357 01:49:24,524 --> 01:49:26,493 NOT TOO FREQUENTLY BUT IF YOU 2358 01:49:26,493 --> 01:49:28,895 WANT TO KNOW WHAT'S CURRENT YOU 2359 01:49:28,895 --> 01:49:29,429 CAN SUBSCRIBE. 2360 01:49:29,429 --> 01:49:31,064 I WANT TO DRAW YOUR ATTENTION TO 2361 01:49:31,064 --> 01:49:35,802 TWO UPCOMING EVENTS AT THE 2362 01:49:35,802 --> 01:49:37,704 SOCIETY FOR NEURAL SCIENCE IN 2363 01:49:37,704 --> 01:49:41,641 CHICAGO OUR PARTNERS ARE PUKT ON 2364 01:49:41,641 --> 01:49:44,878 OUR ANNUAL WHAT WE CALL OUR 2365 01:49:44,878 --> 01:49:46,312 TOOLS SOCIAL AND FOLKS COME IN 2366 01:49:46,312 --> 01:49:51,184 THAT ARE BRAIN FUNDED AND SHOW 2367 01:49:51,184 --> 01:49:53,253 WHAT THEY'RE DOING AND IT'S A 2368 01:49:53,253 --> 01:49:54,721 GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR FOLKS TO 2369 01:49:54,721 --> 01:49:56,890 INTERACT AND FIND OUT WHAT FOLKS 2370 01:49:56,890 --> 01:49:58,892 HAVE IN TERMS OF COOL NEW TOOLS 2371 01:49:58,892 --> 01:50:00,193 AND RESOURCES. 2372 01:50:00,193 --> 01:50:02,629 AND IN NOVEMBER WE'LL BE HOSTING 2373 01:50:02,629 --> 01:50:07,267 BRAIN WORKSHOP FOCUSSING ON 2374 01:50:07,267 --> 01:50:09,936 INTERSECTION OF NEURAL SCIENCE 2375 01:50:09,936 --> 01:50:11,738 AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 2376 01:50:11,738 --> 01:50:22,315 HYBRID MEETING AND WILL BE IN 2377 01:50:58,618 --> 01:51:00,053 NACHER AUDITORIUM. 2378 01:51:00,053 --> 01:51:02,355 >> THANK YOU FOR A FABULOUS 2379 01:51:02,355 --> 01:51:04,457 PRESENTATION AND FOR SHOWING HOW 2380 01:51:04,457 --> 01:51:06,492 THE NEURAL INTERFACE IN ALS 2381 01:51:06,492 --> 01:51:07,760 PATIENTS WAS UNLOCKED. 2382 01:51:07,760 --> 01:51:09,462 VERY MOVING. 2383 01:51:09,462 --> 01:51:14,534 HE'S OUR CLINICAL DIRECTOR. 2384 01:51:14,534 --> 01:51:18,471 MY QUESTION IS WHEN WE WERE AT 2385 01:51:18,471 --> 01:51:20,239 THE TRANSLATIONAL NEURAL SCIENCE 2386 01:51:20,239 --> 01:51:21,507 THERE WAS INTEREST IN THE 2387 01:51:21,507 --> 01:51:23,242 POSSIBILITY OF BACK TRANSLATION. 2388 01:51:23,242 --> 01:51:25,345 WONDERING IF YOU COULD SPEAK TO 2389 01:51:25,345 --> 01:51:27,914 THE ISSUE OF WHEN SAY A GENE OR 2390 01:51:27,914 --> 01:51:31,451 GENE MUTATION IS DISCOVERED IN 2391 01:51:31,451 --> 01:51:35,788 HUMANS AND NOBODY KNOWS WHAT 2392 01:51:35,788 --> 01:51:37,991 THAT IS WHAT THE CELL CENSUS CAN 2393 01:51:37,991 --> 01:51:40,159 CONVEY TO ELUCIDATE THE 2394 01:51:40,159 --> 01:51:43,429 MECHANISM THERE. 2395 01:51:43,429 --> 01:51:47,000 >> GREAT QUESTION. 2396 01:51:47,000 --> 01:51:48,434 THERE'S WORK IN IDENTIFYING THE 2397 01:51:48,434 --> 01:51:51,904 GENE IN HUMANS AND TRANSLATING 2398 01:51:51,904 --> 01:51:52,739 TO BETTER MODELS. 2399 01:51:52,739 --> 01:51:55,908 THE COOL THING ABOUT THE CELL 2400 01:51:55,908 --> 01:51:57,644 CENSUS AND THIS WASN'T TO ME 2401 01:51:57,644 --> 01:51:59,278 OBVIOUS AT THE OUTSET BUT WHEN 2402 01:51:59,278 --> 01:52:00,880 WE WERE PUTTING TOGETHER THE 2403 01:52:00,880 --> 01:52:03,916 FIRST SET OF PAPERS FOR THE 2404 01:52:03,916 --> 01:52:05,218 PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX. 2405 01:52:05,218 --> 01:52:07,353 WE THOUGHT WOULDN'T IT BE COOL 2406 01:52:07,353 --> 01:52:09,889 NOT JUST TO LOOK AT THE MOUSE 2407 01:52:09,889 --> 01:52:11,391 BUT ACROSS MULTIPLE SPECIES. 2408 01:52:11,391 --> 01:52:12,825 CONCERTED EFFORTS PUT TOGETHER 2409 01:52:12,825 --> 01:52:14,894 TO LOOK AT THE INFORMATION 2410 01:52:14,894 --> 01:52:17,997 COMING OUT OF THE CELL CENSUS 2411 01:52:17,997 --> 01:52:25,805 PROJECTS FOR MOUSE AND NON HUMAN 2412 01:52:25,805 --> 01:52:29,776 PRIMATES AND THEY'RE DIFFERENT 2413 01:52:29,776 --> 01:52:33,880 THAN MICE OR RHESUS MACAQUES AND 2414 01:52:33,880 --> 01:52:36,215 SEE HOW THEY EVOLVED. 2415 01:52:36,215 --> 01:52:38,451 THERE'S COMMONALITIES ACROSS ALL 2416 01:52:38,451 --> 01:52:39,752 MAMMALIAN SPECIES. 2417 01:52:39,752 --> 01:52:42,088 THE ORGANIZATION OF CELL TYPES 2418 01:52:42,088 --> 01:52:45,024 OR LET'S RESTRICT THE 2419 01:52:45,024 --> 01:52:47,293 CONVERSATION TO NEURONS IS 2420 01:52:47,293 --> 01:52:47,627 HIERARCHICAL. 2421 01:52:47,627 --> 01:52:49,429 IT'S A TREE. 2422 01:52:49,429 --> 01:52:50,730 YOU SEE VARIOUS GROUPS OF 2423 01:52:50,730 --> 01:52:52,999 NEURONS SHARED IN COMMON BUT AS 2424 01:52:52,999 --> 01:52:54,801 YOU GET DOWN TO THE BRANCHES AND 2425 01:52:54,801 --> 01:52:56,669 LEAVES YOU SEE SPECIALIZATIONS 2426 01:52:56,669 --> 01:52:57,036 BETWEEN SPECIES. 2427 01:52:57,036 --> 01:53:00,573 THIS IS WHERE YOU START SEEING 2428 01:53:00,573 --> 01:53:02,008 COOL DIFFERENCES NOT ONLY IN 2429 01:53:02,008 --> 01:53:04,343 TERMS OF THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE 2430 01:53:04,343 --> 01:53:06,979 OR APPEARANCE OF NEW CELL TYPES 2431 01:53:06,979 --> 01:53:09,449 IN HUMANS VERSUS MICE BUT EVEN 2432 01:53:09,449 --> 01:53:11,050 WITHIN CELL TYPES YOU IDENTIFY 2433 01:53:11,050 --> 01:53:12,218 AS THE SAME BETWEEN SAY A MOUSE 2434 01:53:12,218 --> 01:53:13,186 AND HUMAN. 2435 01:53:13,186 --> 01:53:14,587 THE MARKER GENES YOU MIGHT USE 2436 01:53:14,587 --> 01:53:19,459 TO ACCESS THEM ARE DIFFERENT. 2437 01:53:19,459 --> 01:53:20,560 THE CRITICAL THING IS WHETHER 2438 01:53:20,560 --> 01:53:24,464 YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED A GENE OR 2439 01:53:24,464 --> 01:53:26,332 CELL TYPE IN AU MOUSE AND ASKED 2440 01:53:26,332 --> 01:53:27,900 WHETHER YOU CAN TRANSLATE THAT 2441 01:53:27,900 --> 01:53:30,169 TO HUMANS OR THE OTHER WAY 2442 01:53:30,169 --> 01:53:32,705 AROUND, IDENTIFIED SOMETHING IN 2443 01:53:32,705 --> 01:53:34,340 HUMANS AND ASK TO MODEL IT IN A 2444 01:53:34,340 --> 01:53:36,843 MODEL SYSTEM, WE NOW HAVE A 2445 01:53:36,843 --> 01:53:38,544 POWERFUL WAY OF SAYING OKAY, IS 2446 01:53:38,544 --> 01:53:41,614 THIS A TREE, IS THIS A STREET 2447 01:53:41,614 --> 01:53:44,450 LAMP WORTH LOOKING UNDER OR AM I 2448 01:53:44,450 --> 01:53:49,455 BARKING UP A TREE? 2449 01:53:49,455 --> 01:53:55,461 MIXING UP METAPHORS AND THE 2450 01:53:55,461 --> 01:54:03,703 THERE'S HARD WAY TO INFORMATION 2451 01:54:03,703 --> 01:54:04,036 WHY. 2452 01:54:04,036 --> 01:54:05,071 AND UNDERSTANDING WHY IN THE 2453 01:54:05,071 --> 01:54:06,639 PROFESSION IS WELL REPRESENTED 2454 01:54:06,639 --> 01:54:10,777 OR NOT IN A MODEL SYSTEM IS JUST 2455 01:54:10,777 --> 01:54:11,911 AS POWERFUL AS KNOWING WHETHER 2456 01:54:11,911 --> 01:54:13,212 TO DO IT. 2457 01:54:13,212 --> 01:54:16,649 IT'S AN EXCITING POSSIBILITY AND 2458 01:54:16,649 --> 01:54:18,584 GIVES US INSIGHT WE DIDN'T HAVE 2459 01:54:18,584 --> 01:54:20,953 BEFORE TO NOT ONLY PREVENT BUT 2460 01:54:20,953 --> 01:54:24,123 TO FOCUS EFFORTS ON WHERE IT 2461 01:54:24,123 --> 01:54:31,531 WILL COUNT. 2462 01:54:31,531 --> 01:54:36,302 >> THANK YOU FOR YOUR 2463 01:54:36,302 --> 01:54:36,702 PRESENTATION. 2464 01:54:36,702 --> 01:54:42,642 SO YOU DESCRIBED SOME OF THE 2465 01:54:42,642 --> 01:54:43,309 EVOLUTIONARY INFORMATION THROUGH 2466 01:54:43,309 --> 01:54:46,679 THE CELL ATLAS. 2467 01:54:46,679 --> 01:54:49,182 CAN YOU TOUCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT 2468 01:54:49,182 --> 01:54:52,285 SIDE AND WHAT IS HAPPENING 2469 01:54:52,285 --> 01:54:52,485 THERE. 2470 01:54:52,485 --> 01:54:56,656 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 2471 01:54:56,656 --> 01:55:02,028 >> WE HAVE A BIT OF WORK BEING 2472 01:55:02,028 --> 01:55:11,904 DONE IN HUMAN TISSUE AND SOME 2473 01:55:11,904 --> 01:55:13,573 DATA HAS BEEN PUBLISHED AS PART 2474 01:55:13,573 --> 01:55:14,774 OF THE FIRST ATLAS. 2475 01:55:14,774 --> 01:55:18,811 THAT'S A BIB PART OF THE PRIME 2476 01:55:18,811 --> 01:55:19,378 MINISTER. 2477 01:55:19,378 --> 01:55:24,984 THERE'S STILL THOUGH BI CCN 2478 01:55:24,984 --> 01:55:27,920 ENDED THERE'S PACKAGES AND ONE 2479 01:55:27,920 --> 01:55:35,795 IS DEVELOPMENT IN MICE. 2480 01:55:35,795 --> 01:55:38,664 AND LOOKING AT THE DEVELOPMENT 2481 01:55:38,664 --> 01:55:40,099 MORE INTENSELY. 2482 01:55:40,099 --> 01:55:42,935 PART WAS TO NOT GET SPREAD TOO 2483 01:55:42,935 --> 01:55:43,135 THIN. 2484 01:55:43,135 --> 01:55:44,937 WE DIDN'T WANT TO PULL THE WHOLE 2485 01:55:44,937 --> 01:55:47,006 HOUSE DOWN BECAUSE WE GOT OVER 2486 01:55:47,006 --> 01:55:48,474 AMBITIOUS BUT THOSE STUDIES ARE 2487 01:55:48,474 --> 01:55:50,276 COMING AND ARE IMPORTANT. 2488 01:55:50,276 --> 01:55:53,279 AS I'M SURE PEOPLE APPRECIATE 2489 01:55:53,279 --> 01:55:57,850 MANY OF THESE ARE LOOKING AT 2490 01:55:57,850 --> 01:55:58,317 THAT. 2491 01:55:58,317 --> 01:56:01,153 ON THE OTHER END OF THE LIFE 2492 01:56:01,153 --> 01:56:03,456 TIME SPECTRUM ARE THE ISSUES OF 2493 01:56:03,456 --> 01:56:04,023 DEGENERATION AND EFFECTS OF 2494 01:56:04,023 --> 01:56:10,429 AGING. 2495 01:56:10,429 --> 01:56:11,898 SO IN THE CURRENT ITERATION WE 2496 01:56:11,898 --> 01:56:13,532 ARE LOOKING ACROSS THE HUMAN 2497 01:56:13,532 --> 01:56:15,034 LIFE SPAN WHICH IS IMPORTANT BUT 2498 01:56:15,034 --> 01:56:16,802 IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT IT LOOK AT 2499 01:56:16,802 --> 01:56:17,603 DEVELOPMENT. 2500 01:56:17,603 --> 01:56:20,473 WHEN WE LOOK AT PROCESSES LIKE 2501 01:56:20,473 --> 01:56:22,308 ALZHEIMER'S WE DON'T KNOW WHERE 2502 01:56:22,308 --> 01:56:23,342 IT ALL STARTS. 2503 01:56:23,342 --> 01:56:25,411 IT COULD BE FROM THE DAY YOU'RE 2504 01:56:25,411 --> 01:56:26,145 BORN OR BEFORE. 2505 01:56:26,145 --> 01:56:27,747 IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO HAVE 2506 01:56:27,747 --> 01:56:34,353 THIS ENTIRE CREW OF NOT JUST P56 2507 01:56:34,353 --> 01:56:38,124 BLACK 6 MOUSE BUT FOR HUMANS 2508 01:56:38,124 --> 01:56:41,594 ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN TO BETTER 2509 01:56:41,594 --> 01:56:42,995 MODELS DISEASES. 2510 01:56:42,995 --> 01:56:45,298 WE NEED TO START THINKING ABOUT 2511 01:56:45,298 --> 01:56:46,899 WHAT ARE GOING TO BE THE 2512 01:56:46,899 --> 01:56:47,900 INITIATIVES AND DRIVERS AND 2513 01:56:47,900 --> 01:56:56,575 TRIGGERS. 2514 01:56:56,575 --> 01:56:59,011 >> ONE QUESTION I DON'T KNOW IF 2515 01:56:59,011 --> 01:57:00,279 IT'S TOO POLITICAL TO ASK. 2516 01:57:00,279 --> 01:57:02,315 ONE STRENGTH OF THE BRAIN 2517 01:57:02,315 --> 01:57:04,517 INITIATIVE AND WE BENEFIT FROM 2518 01:57:04,517 --> 01:57:05,785 THE SUPPORT FOR LABORATORIES 2519 01:57:05,785 --> 01:57:08,454 ACROSS THE WORLD. 2520 01:57:08,454 --> 01:57:09,855 ARE THERE ANY PRESSURES TO 2521 01:57:09,855 --> 01:57:13,392 CHANGE THAT MODEL BECAUSE IT'S A 2522 01:57:13,392 --> 01:57:14,226 REALLY VALUABLE MODEL. 2523 01:57:14,226 --> 01:57:17,830 >> SO WE HAVE BEEN FUNDING AND 2524 01:57:17,830 --> 01:57:19,865 WE CONTINUE TO FUND THE 2525 01:57:19,865 --> 01:57:21,434 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS. 2526 01:57:21,434 --> 01:57:24,236 THERE ARE REQUIREMENTS THAT HAVE 2527 01:57:24,236 --> 01:57:29,809 TO BE MET. 2528 01:57:29,809 --> 01:57:32,578 NOT JUST BEYOND NIH AS AN AGENCY 2529 01:57:32,578 --> 01:57:32,912 ITSELF. 2530 01:57:32,912 --> 01:57:35,915 WE'RE TRYING TO BRING IN THE 2531 01:57:35,915 --> 01:57:41,187 BEST SCIENCE ACROSS THE WORLD. 2532 01:57:41,187 --> 01:57:46,859 IT INVOLVES SOME KIND OF 2533 01:57:46,859 --> 01:57:47,159 ADJUSTMENTS. 2534 01:57:47,159 --> 01:57:52,732 WE'RE ATTUNED AND SENSITIVE TO 2535 01:57:52,732 --> 01:57:55,267 THE GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS 2536 01:57:55,267 --> 01:57:56,769 UNDER WHICH WE WORK BUT OUR 2537 01:57:56,769 --> 01:57:58,004 BRAIN PROGRAM STAFF KNOW THE 2538 01:57:58,004 --> 01:58:00,639 FOLKS IN THE FIELD. 2539 01:58:00,639 --> 01:58:03,209 THE PROGRAM STAFF AT NIH IN 2540 01:58:03,209 --> 01:58:04,276 GENERAL ARE TERRIFIC. 2541 01:58:04,276 --> 01:58:05,745 I DON'T THINK PEOPLE APPRECIATE 2542 01:58:05,745 --> 01:58:07,646 HOW PLUGGED IN THEY ARE ARE WITH 2543 01:58:07,646 --> 01:58:08,280 WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE 2544 01:58:08,280 --> 01:58:09,482 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND HAVE A 2545 01:58:09,482 --> 01:58:10,883 GREAT NOSE FOR WHAT'S OUT THERE 2546 01:58:10,883 --> 01:58:15,087 AND WHAT WE CAN BRING IN AND 2547 01:58:15,087 --> 01:58:16,589 FRANKLY THERE'S GREAT 2548 01:58:16,589 --> 01:58:17,857 TECHNOLOGIES NOT ON U.S. SOIL 2549 01:58:17,857 --> 01:58:19,825 WE'D BE AT A HUGE DISADVANTAGE 2550 01:58:19,825 --> 01:58:21,327 IF WE DIDN'T BRING IN THESE S 2551 01:58:21,327 --> 01:58:23,162 AND IT'S A MATTER OF NAVIGATING 2552 01:58:23,162 --> 01:58:25,398 TO DO SO LEGALLY AND ETHICALLY 2553 01:58:25,398 --> 01:58:26,866 TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE. 2554 01:58:26,866 --> 01:58:30,036 WE'RE DOING OUR BEST TO NAVIGATE 2555 01:58:30,036 --> 01:58:32,838 THAT AND WORKING WITHIN SOME 2556 01:58:32,838 --> 01:58:34,106 CONSTRAINTS AS EVERYBODY CAN 2557 01:58:34,106 --> 01:58:34,473 APPRECIATE. 2558 01:58:34,473 --> 01:58:35,908 THAT'S JUST THE NATURE OF THE 2559 01:58:35,908 --> 01:58:44,016 GAME. 2560 01:58:44,016 --> 01:58:45,785 >> HAS ANYBODY SPECULATED ON WHY 2561 01:58:45,785 --> 01:58:48,621 YOU NEED SO MANY CELL TYPES OF 2562 01:58:48,621 --> 01:58:49,655 NEURONS? 2563 01:58:49,655 --> 01:58:53,793 I ASSUME MOST MAY BE IN THE 2564 01:58:53,793 --> 01:58:56,529 CEREBRAL AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX. 2565 01:58:56,529 --> 01:58:58,297 >> I DON'T KNOW THE WHY BUT 2566 01:58:58,297 --> 01:58:59,832 INTERESTINGLY WHEN WE GOT 2567 01:58:59,832 --> 01:59:04,804 THROUGH THE WHOLE MOUSE BRAIN 2568 01:59:04,804 --> 01:59:06,205 ATLAS THE VAST MAJORITY OF CELL 2569 01:59:06,205 --> 01:59:07,940 TYPES ARE NOT IN THE CORTEX. 2570 01:59:07,940 --> 01:59:09,275 IF YOU THINK ABOUT THIS IT KIND 2571 01:59:09,275 --> 01:59:09,842 OF MAKES SENSE. 2572 01:59:09,842 --> 01:59:14,880 THE CORTEX IS A RELATIVELY NEW 2573 01:59:14,880 --> 01:59:15,614 INVENTION. 2574 01:59:15,614 --> 01:59:17,883 OR THE NEOCORTEX IS A RELATIVELY 2575 01:59:17,883 --> 01:59:19,151 NEW INVENTION, A. 2576 01:59:19,151 --> 01:59:24,090 AND B, I MIGHT THINK OF THIS 2577 01:59:24,090 --> 01:59:25,658 SIMPLISTICALLY AS A BASIC 2578 01:59:25,658 --> 01:59:27,493 STRUCTURE REPEATED OVER THE 2579 01:59:27,493 --> 01:59:29,028 SENSORY CORTEX AND TO SOME 2580 01:59:29,028 --> 01:59:35,034 DEGREE OVER MOTOR CORTEX AS 2581 01:59:35,034 --> 01:59:35,234 WELL. 2582 01:59:35,234 --> 01:59:42,975 WHEN I TALK TO WHAT I REFER TO 2583 01:59:42,975 --> 01:59:44,543 IS MORE WELL SCHOOLED NEURO 2584 01:59:44,543 --> 01:59:45,544 SCIENTISTS THEY'VE BEEN AROUND 2585 01:59:45,544 --> 01:59:49,648 LONGER AND SERVE ALL THESE 2586 01:59:49,648 --> 01:59:49,915 FUNCTIONS. 2587 01:59:49,915 --> 01:59:53,819 I THINK WHAT WE UNCOVERED IS 2588 01:59:53,819 --> 01:59:54,653 SOMETHING SOMETHING WERE NOT 2589 01:59:54,653 --> 01:59:56,689 SURPRISED BY AND PEOPLE STUDYING 2590 01:59:56,689 --> 01:59:58,591 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM MANY DECADES. 2591 01:59:58,591 --> 02:00:00,860 AS TO WHY YOU NEED SO MANY IT 2592 02:00:00,860 --> 02:00:01,794 REFLECTS THE DIFFERENT FUNCTION 2593 02:00:01,794 --> 02:00:07,533 THE DIVERSITY OF NEURONS ARE 2594 02:00:07,533 --> 02:00:14,240 CARRYING OUT AND THE CELL TYPE 2595 02:00:14,240 --> 02:00:14,773 VERSUS CELL STATE. 2596 02:00:14,773 --> 02:00:18,344 IT SPEAKS IT WHAT'S GOING TO BE 2597 02:00:18,344 --> 02:00:21,614 STABLY THERE AND RESISTANT TO 2598 02:00:21,614 --> 02:00:21,947 PERTURBATION. 2599 02:00:21,947 --> 02:00:23,215 IT GIVES A GREATER OPPORTUNITY 2600 02:00:23,215 --> 02:00:25,151 TO INFORMATION NOT JUST THE 2601 02:00:25,151 --> 02:00:26,519 FUNCTION OF THESE CELLS BUT WHY 2602 02:00:26,519 --> 02:00:27,853 THEY ARRIVE THERE. 2603 02:00:27,853 --> 02:00:30,856 I LOOK AT THE DATA THAT SAY 2604 02:00:30,856 --> 02:00:34,426 THEY'RE 5300 CELL TYPES IN THE 2605 02:00:34,426 --> 02:00:36,529 MOUSE AS 5300 HYPOTHESES WE CAN 2606 02:00:36,529 --> 02:00:37,663 TEST. 2607 02:00:37,663 --> 02:00:39,798 I'M NOT GOING TO TEST THEM ALL 2608 02:00:39,798 --> 02:00:41,300 BUT WE CAN GENERALIZE MORE 2609 02:00:41,300 --> 02:00:41,534 BROADLY. 2610 02:00:41,534 --> 02:00:43,402 IT'S A GREAT TIME TO LOOK AT 2611 02:00:43,402 --> 02:00:45,237 THESE THINGS TO KEEP US BUSY 2612 02:00:45,237 --> 02:00:45,671 MANY DECADES. 2613 02:00:45,671 --> 02:00:51,410 >> I THINK WE'LL STOP ON THE 53 2614 02:00:51,410 --> 02:00:52,511 HYPOTHESES WE'LL TEST. 2615 02:00:52,511 --> 02:00:57,550 >> 5300, GEORGE. 2616 02:00:57,550 --> 02:01:00,085 >> THIS MUCH VERY MUCH. 2617 02:01:00,085 --> 02:01:02,121 WE'LL HAVE TO MOVE ON BECAUSE OF 2618 02:01:02,121 --> 02:01:08,627 THE SCHEDULE AND WE CAN ACCESS 2619 02:01:08,627 --> 02:01:10,596 THE BRAIN RESOURCE AND IT'S A 2620 02:01:10,596 --> 02:01:12,031 GREAT INTRODUCTION TO SEE WHAT'S 2621 02:01:12,031 --> 02:01:14,767 THERE AND AVAILABLE AND OUR NEXT 2622 02:01:14,767 --> 02:01:16,435 SPEAKER JIM EBERWINE IS GOING TO 2623 02:01:16,435 --> 02:01:19,004 TALK ABOUT CELL TYPES IN MORE 2624 02:01:19,004 --> 02:01:19,438 DET 2625 02:01:19,438 --> 02:01:19,672 DETAIL. 2626 02:01:19,672 --> 02:01:28,414 ARE YOU ON? 2627 02:01:28,414 --> 02:01:31,717 >> I'LL INTRODUCE YOU AND LET 2628 02:01:31,717 --> 02:01:39,892 YOU ROCK AND ROLL AND MAYBE YOU 2629 02:01:39,892 --> 02:01:44,029 CAN ANSWER WHY WE NEED SO MANY 2630 02:01:44,029 --> 02:01:44,263 MODELS. 2631 02:01:44,263 --> 02:01:46,532 HE'S THE PROFESSOR OF SYSTEMS OF 2632 02:01:46,532 --> 02:01:48,434 PHARMACOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL 2633 02:01:48,434 --> 02:01:49,201 THERAPEUTICS AND CO-DIRECTOR OF 2634 02:01:49,201 --> 02:01:53,772 THE PENN PROGRAM IN SINGLE CELL 2635 02:01:53,772 --> 02:01:54,940 BIOLOGY. 2636 02:01:54,940 --> 02:01:55,608 HIS INTERESTS RESOLVE THE ROLE 2637 02:01:55,608 --> 02:01:59,878 OF VARIATION AND THE FUNCTIONING 2638 02:01:59,878 --> 02:02:02,281 OF SINGLE CELLS IN COMPLEX 2639 02:02:02,281 --> 02:02:02,881 NETWORKS AND DEVELOPED AMONG 2640 02:02:02,881 --> 02:02:10,489 OTHER METHODOLOGIES, SINGLE CELL 2641 02:02:10,489 --> 02:02:13,459 PCR AND mRNA PROTOCOL AND 2642 02:02:13,459 --> 02:02:13,792 TRANSCRIPTION. 2643 02:02:13,792 --> 02:02:18,030 THE TECHNIQUES ALLOWED HIM TO 2644 02:02:18,030 --> 02:02:21,233 SEQUENCE THE FIRST SINGLE CELL 2645 02:02:21,233 --> 02:02:24,436 TRANSCRIPTOME COINING THE PHRASE 2646 02:02:24,436 --> 02:02:27,906 EXPRESSION PROFILE TO DESCRIBE 2647 02:02:27,906 --> 02:02:32,444 HE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF SINGLE 2648 02:02:32,444 --> 02:02:35,914 CELL BIOLOGY AND THERE WERE THE 2649 02:02:35,914 --> 02:02:45,524 SEQUENCING OF THE SINGLE 2650 02:02:45,524 --> 02:02:49,695 MITOCHONDRIAL AND INTERACTING 2651 02:02:49,695 --> 02:02:51,897 WITH MMRP -- 2652 02:02:51,897 --> 02:02:55,701 >> mRNA BINDING PROTEINS. 2653 02:02:55,701 --> 02:03:03,309 >> AND YEAH. 2654 02:03:03,309 --> 02:03:09,615 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE 2655 02:03:09,615 --> 02:03:12,584 STRAND GENOMIC RNA STRUCTURES 2656 02:03:12,584 --> 02:03:14,753 AND THE IN VIVO ISOLATION OF 2657 02:03:14,753 --> 02:03:16,722 TRANSCRIPTOMES IN LIVE SPATIALLY 2658 02:03:16,722 --> 02:03:19,158 LOCALIZED CELLS AND 2659 02:03:19,158 --> 02:03:21,560 IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMPLEX 2660 02:03:21,560 --> 02:03:22,695 RNA LANDSCAPE OF NEURONAL 2661 02:03:22,695 --> 02:03:25,264 DENDRITES. 2662 02:03:25,264 --> 02:03:27,966 GIVEN THE NEED TO DEVELOP 2663 02:03:27,966 --> 02:03:28,901 TECHNOLOGIES THAT ADDRESS 2664 02:03:28,901 --> 02:03:31,704 QUESTIONS HE'S AN INVENTOR OVER 2665 02:03:31,704 --> 02:03:34,673 180 PATENTS. 2666 02:03:34,673 --> 02:03:38,243 HE ORGANIZED THE FIRST 2667 02:03:38,243 --> 02:03:42,715 INTERNATIONAL MEETING AT 2668 02:03:42,715 --> 02:03:46,151 LABORATORIES AND CORE ORGANIZED 2669 02:03:46,151 --> 02:03:51,323 THIS FOR SEVEN YEARS AND CREATED 2670 02:03:51,323 --> 02:03:54,860 SUMMER COURSES ADVANCED 2671 02:03:54,860 --> 02:03:57,096 TECHNIQUES IN SCIENCE AND 2672 02:03:57,096 --> 02:03:59,131 ADVANCED STUDIES ON SINGLE CELL 2673 02:03:59,131 --> 02:03:59,398 ANALYSES. 2674 02:03:59,398 --> 02:04:04,703 HE'S A MEMBER OF THE NIAAA 2675 02:04:04,703 --> 02:04:06,372 COUNCIL AND BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC 2676 02:04:06,372 --> 02:04:07,272 COUNSELORS FOR THE NATIONAL 2677 02:04:07,272 --> 02:04:10,376 INSTITUTE ON AGING. 2678 02:04:10,376 --> 02:04:12,478 HE'S CURRENTLY OUR NIAAA 2679 02:04:12,478 --> 02:04:16,382 REPRESENTATIVE ON THE NIH 2680 02:04:16,382 --> 02:04:20,152 MULTI-COUNCIL WORKING GROUP THAT 2681 02:04:20,152 --> 02:04:23,889 OVERSEES THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 2682 02:04:23,889 --> 02:04:27,726 AND AT THE MULTICOUNCIL WORKING 2683 02:04:27,726 --> 02:04:30,295 GROUP AND CO-CHAIRED THE NIH 2684 02:04:30,295 --> 02:04:31,497 ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE 2685 02:04:31,497 --> 02:04:33,632 DIRECTOR TO DEVELOP NEUROETHICS 2686 02:04:33,632 --> 02:04:34,800 ROAD MAP FOR THE BRAIN 2687 02:04:34,800 --> 02:04:36,235 INITIATIVE AND ONE OF THE 2688 02:04:36,235 --> 02:04:40,439 REASONS I WANTED JIM TO GIVE A 2689 02:04:40,439 --> 02:04:43,375 TALK THAT FOLLOWED JOHN GNAI'S 2690 02:04:43,375 --> 02:04:43,575 AWK. 2691 02:04:43,575 --> 02:04:46,845 HE RESOURCED A MERIT AWARD FROM 2692 02:04:46,845 --> 02:04:49,581 NIH AND THE SENIOR SCHOLAR 2693 02:04:49,581 --> 02:04:51,884 AWARD, DISTINGUISHED 2694 02:04:51,884 --> 02:04:54,153 INVESTIGATOR AWARDS THE 2695 02:04:54,153 --> 02:04:56,422 INNOVATION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2696 02:04:56,422 --> 02:04:57,523 AWARD, BRAIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 2697 02:04:57,523 --> 02:05:00,526 SCIENCE INNOVATIONS AWARD AND 2698 02:05:00,526 --> 02:05:02,928 TWO NIH PIONEER AWARDS. 2699 02:05:02,928 --> 02:05:04,730 HE'S A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL 2700 02:05:04,730 --> 02:05:07,699 ACADEMY OF INVENTORS AND THE 2701 02:05:07,699 --> 02:05:09,001 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE. 2702 02:05:09,001 --> 02:05:11,904 YOU'RE ABOUT TO GET A LECTURE 2703 02:05:11,904 --> 02:05:15,073 FROM ONE OF THE MOST 2704 02:05:15,073 --> 02:05:16,008 DISTINGUISHED MOLECULAR NEURAL 2705 02:05:16,008 --> 02:05:17,709 SCIENTISTS IN THE WORLD TODAY 2706 02:05:17,709 --> 02:05:19,111 AND HOPE EVERYBODY WILL ENJOY 2707 02:05:19,111 --> 02:05:19,745 IT. 2708 02:05:19,745 --> 02:05:22,047 IT'S ALL YOURS, JIM. 2709 02:05:22,047 --> 02:05:23,549 >> THANK YOU, GEORGE. 2710 02:05:23,549 --> 02:05:25,150 I APPRECIATE THE INTRODUCTION. 2711 02:05:25,150 --> 02:05:34,593 IT'S VERY KIND OF YOU. 2712 02:05:34,593 --> 02:05:35,894 CAN YOU SEE MY SCREEN? 2713 02:05:35,894 --> 02:05:36,762 >> YES. 2714 02:05:36,762 --> 02:05:37,696 >> THANK YOU. 2715 02:05:37,696 --> 02:05:39,698 >> THE OUTSET I'D LIKE TO THANK 2716 02:05:39,698 --> 02:05:40,899 JOHN FOR PRECEDING ME. 2717 02:05:40,899 --> 02:05:42,201 IT'S GREAT TO SEE THE PROGRESS 2718 02:05:42,201 --> 02:05:43,836 OF THE BRAIN INITIATIVE OVER THE 2719 02:05:43,836 --> 02:05:48,073 LAST DECADE WITH JOHN BEING THE 2720 02:05:48,073 --> 02:05:51,910 NEWEST DIRECTOR OF IT AND 2721 02:05:51,910 --> 02:05:56,782 AMAZING TO SEE THE PROGRESS. 2722 02:05:56,782 --> 02:06:01,553 I WANT TO COMPLEMENT NIAA THE 2723 02:06:01,553 --> 02:06:04,890 INTRAMURAL REPRESENTATIVE TO THE 2724 02:06:04,890 --> 02:06:07,626 MULTI-COUNCIL WORKING GROUP AND 2725 02:06:07,626 --> 02:06:09,461 HAS BEEN A GREAT AND ATTENDS ALL 2726 02:06:09,461 --> 02:06:13,665 THE MEETING AND NIAAA HAS A 2727 02:06:13,665 --> 02:06:15,167 GREAT REPRESENTATIVE ON THAT 2728 02:06:15,167 --> 02:06:15,434 COMMITTEE. 2729 02:06:15,434 --> 02:06:17,202 IN ADDITION IT'S BEEN FUN TO BE 2730 02:06:17,202 --> 02:06:19,838 ON THE COMMITTEE BECAUSE GEORGE 2731 02:06:19,838 --> 02:06:21,139 IS ALSO INVOLVED IN AND CURIOUS 2732 02:06:21,139 --> 02:06:22,574 ABOUT THE INITIATIVE AND HELPING 2733 02:06:22,574 --> 02:06:25,177 TO MOVE IT FORWARD AND IT'S BEEN 2734 02:06:25,177 --> 02:06:27,880 A PLEASURE TO WORK WITH HIM AND 2735 02:06:27,880 --> 02:06:30,649 OTHERS IN TERMS OF MOVING THE 2736 02:06:30,649 --> 02:06:32,451 BRAIN INITIATIVE FORWARD UNDER 2737 02:06:32,451 --> 02:06:34,119 JOHN'S TUTELAGE. 2738 02:06:34,119 --> 02:06:37,823 WHAT I THOUGHT I'D DO -- GEORGE 2739 02:06:37,823 --> 02:06:41,126 ASKED ME TO TALK ABOUT MY 2740 02:06:41,126 --> 02:06:42,261 SCIENCE AND NEURAL ETHICS DON'T 2741 02:06:42,261 --> 02:06:44,229 AND START WITH THE SCIENCE AND 2742 02:06:44,229 --> 02:06:45,764 PRESUME WILL TIME IN THE END I 2743 02:06:45,764 --> 02:06:51,570 HOPE TO GET TO THE NEURAL ETHICS 2744 02:06:51,570 --> 02:06:54,339 WORK AND GIVE A FLAVOR OF THINGS 2745 02:06:54,339 --> 02:07:04,683 IT'S INVOLVED WITH. 2746 02:07:18,330 --> 02:07:23,902 AND PROGRESS MADE IN TERMS OF 2747 02:07:23,902 --> 02:07:27,906 VOICE RECOGNITION AND ALL OF 2748 02:07:27,906 --> 02:07:33,912 THIS AND ANALYSIS OF CELL 2749 02:07:33,912 --> 02:07:39,051 FUNCTIONING THROUGH ORGANELLES 2750 02:07:39,051 --> 02:07:41,219 THE TITLE IS CHARACTERIZING 2751 02:07:41,219 --> 02:07:42,354 CELLS THAT MAYBE UP THE BRAIN 2752 02:07:42,354 --> 02:07:45,490 AND CELL FUNCTION THROUGH 2753 02:07:45,490 --> 02:07:47,259 SUBCELLULAR GENOMICS. 2754 02:07:47,259 --> 02:07:49,895 MANY CAN LOOK ALIKE 2755 02:07:49,895 --> 02:07:51,496 TRANSCRIPTOMICLY AND 2756 02:07:51,496 --> 02:07:56,568 MORPHOLOGICALLY AND FUNCTION IN 2757 02:07:56,568 --> 02:07:57,803 DISTINCT MANNERS. 2758 02:07:57,803 --> 02:07:59,071 SO WHAT MECHANISMS THAT UNDER 2759 02:07:59,071 --> 02:08:04,743 LIE THAT? 2760 02:08:04,743 --> 02:08:07,879 I'LL TRY TO MAKE ACATION FOR THE 2761 02:08:07,879 --> 02:08:10,349 PROPERTY OF CELL FUNCTIONING 2762 02:08:10,349 --> 02:08:12,918 COMES FROM THEIR INTRACELLULAR 2763 02:08:12,918 --> 02:08:14,820 STRUCTURES AND ORGANELLES. 2764 02:08:14,820 --> 02:08:17,522 THE ORGANELLES YOU'LL REMEMBER 2765 02:08:17,522 --> 02:08:19,891 FROM YOUR COLLEGE TEXTBOOKS 2766 02:08:19,891 --> 02:08:25,397 INCLUDE THE NUCLEUS, GOLGI AND 2767 02:08:25,397 --> 02:08:29,401 ERR AND CELL MEMBRANES AND 2768 02:08:29,401 --> 02:08:31,603 VARIOUS CELLULAR GRANULES. 2769 02:08:31,603 --> 02:08:32,938 WHEN THERE'S MUTATIONS OR 2770 02:08:32,938 --> 02:08:35,474 CHALLENGES THAT IMPACT THE 2771 02:08:35,474 --> 02:08:39,444 ORGANELLES THEY HAVE SPECIFIC 2772 02:08:39,444 --> 02:08:40,312 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. 2773 02:08:40,312 --> 02:08:45,250 AND TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE CELL 2774 02:08:45,250 --> 02:08:46,418 WORKS IT'S IMPORTANT TO 2775 02:08:46,418 --> 02:08:47,853 UNDERSTAND HOW THE ORGAN CELLS 2776 02:08:47,853 --> 02:08:49,121 WORK. 2777 02:08:49,121 --> 02:08:53,959 THEY INTERACT TOGETHER. 2778 02:08:53,959 --> 02:08:58,030 LYSOSOMES AND INTERACT WITH 2779 02:08:58,030 --> 02:08:59,798 MITOCHONDRIA AND THE ER AND MOVE 2780 02:08:59,798 --> 02:09:03,035 AROUND CELLS AND HUNDREDS OF 2781 02:09:03,035 --> 02:09:04,736 MITOCHONDRIA WITHIN AN 2782 02:09:04,736 --> 02:09:05,237 INDIVIDUAL CELL. 2783 02:09:05,237 --> 02:09:08,206 SOME AGGREGATE AROUND THE 2784 02:09:08,206 --> 02:09:08,440 NUCLEUS. 2785 02:09:08,440 --> 02:09:13,979 AND IT'S HOW THESE ORGANELLES 2786 02:09:13,979 --> 02:09:15,781 FUNCTION INDIVIDUALLY AND 2787 02:09:15,781 --> 02:09:18,216 TOGETHER TO CREATE THE EMERGING 2788 02:09:18,216 --> 02:09:18,884 PROPERTIES OF THIS CELL. 2789 02:09:18,884 --> 02:09:20,652 THE CELL IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF 2790 02:09:20,652 --> 02:09:21,253 ITS PARTS. 2791 02:09:21,253 --> 02:09:23,555 THIS IS IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF 2792 02:09:23,555 --> 02:09:24,990 ALCOHOL RESEARCH. 2793 02:09:24,990 --> 02:09:27,192 WE KNOW CHRONIC ALCOHOL WILL 2794 02:09:27,192 --> 02:09:31,363 IMPACT MITOCHONDRIA MORPHOLOGY 2795 02:09:31,363 --> 02:09:33,832 AND FUNCTION MORE MUTATIONS CAN 2796 02:09:33,832 --> 02:09:36,668 OCCUR WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL 2797 02:09:36,668 --> 02:09:36,868 ABUSE. 2798 02:09:36,868 --> 02:09:41,506 IT'S METABOLIZED BY LYSOSOMES. 2799 02:09:41,506 --> 02:09:43,875 IT IMPACTS NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND 2800 02:09:43,875 --> 02:09:46,878 STRESS GRANULE ANOTHER TYPE OF 2801 02:09:46,878 --> 02:09:48,380 ORGANELLE WITHIN THE CELL IS 2802 02:09:48,380 --> 02:09:50,015 IMPACTED AND MODIFIED BY ALCOHOL 2803 02:09:50,015 --> 02:09:58,790 ABUSE AND USE. 2804 02:09:58,790 --> 02:10:00,792 AND WAYS IT CAN IMPACT THE 2805 02:10:00,792 --> 02:10:01,093 STRUCTURES. 2806 02:10:01,093 --> 02:10:03,295 AS I MENTION THE ORGANELLES 2807 02:10:03,295 --> 02:10:04,196 THERE WILL BE MORE DISCOVERED 2808 02:10:04,196 --> 02:10:05,597 OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS. 2809 02:10:05,597 --> 02:10:16,141 THESE ARE SOME OF THE ONES MOST 2810 02:10:22,147 --> 02:10:25,417 AS WE IDENTIFY MORE SUB CELLULAR 2811 02:10:25,417 --> 02:10:25,717 STRUCTURES. 2812 02:10:25,717 --> 02:10:29,988 THIS IS HOW THE CELL ORGANIZES 2813 02:10:29,988 --> 02:10:31,957 AND PROTEINS IN THE CELL IN 2814 02:10:31,957 --> 02:10:34,326 TERMS OF THE COHERENT MINI 2815 02:10:34,326 --> 02:10:34,960 MACHINES THAT EXIST WITHIN THE 2816 02:10:34,960 --> 02:10:40,665 CELL. 2817 02:10:40,665 --> 02:10:42,467 YOU'RE FAMILIAR WITH THE TYPES I 2818 02:10:42,467 --> 02:10:42,734 MENTIONED. 2819 02:10:42,734 --> 02:10:45,203 IN MY LAB WE'RE STUDYING SEVERAL 2820 02:10:45,203 --> 02:10:46,872 ORGANELLES AND HAVE A PROGRAM 2821 02:10:46,872 --> 02:10:48,440 CALLED THE VISTA PROGRAM WHERE 2822 02:10:48,440 --> 02:10:50,809 WE TRY TO UNDERSTAND THESE 2823 02:10:50,809 --> 02:10:54,212 ORGANELLES FROM THEIR GENOMICS 2824 02:10:54,212 --> 02:10:55,914 TO PROTEOMICS TO METABOLOMICS 2825 02:10:55,914 --> 02:11:01,319 AND FUNCTION. 2826 02:11:01,319 --> 02:11:02,487 DIFFERENT PROCEEDED AT VARIATION 2827 02:11:02,487 --> 02:11:03,121 DEGREES. 2828 02:11:03,121 --> 02:11:08,493 I'LL SHOW SOME WORK ON 2829 02:11:08,493 --> 02:11:11,897 MITOCHONDRIA AND SOME ON THE 2830 02:11:11,897 --> 02:11:19,905 NUCLEUS AND THINKING ABOUT 2831 02:11:19,905 --> 02:11:23,475 ORGANELLES, AND THERE'S BEEN A 2832 02:11:23,475 --> 02:11:26,044 HOST OF TYPE OF INITIATIVES IN 2833 02:11:26,044 --> 02:11:28,980 THE UNITED STATES AND AROUND THE 2834 02:11:28,980 --> 02:11:31,917 WORLD THERE'S BEEN WORK DONE IN 2835 02:11:31,917 --> 02:11:34,219 TERMS OF SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS 2836 02:11:34,219 --> 02:11:37,789 AND UNORGANELLES ARE SMALL, THEY 2837 02:11:37,789 --> 02:11:40,158 HAVE SMALL VOLUME. 2838 02:11:40,158 --> 02:11:46,731 YOU CAN HAVE ANYWHERE FROM ONE 2839 02:11:46,731 --> 02:11:51,469 TO MILLIONS OF LYSOSOMES AND THE 2840 02:11:51,469 --> 02:11:52,904 ORGANELLES ARE HETEROGENEOUS. 2841 02:11:52,904 --> 02:11:54,773 MOST THINK OF MITOCHONDRIA AS 2842 02:11:54,773 --> 02:11:55,907 THE POWERHOUSE AND THEY'RE ALL 2843 02:11:55,907 --> 02:11:59,911 THE SAME. 2844 02:11:59,911 --> 02:12:02,848 THEY'RE NOT. 2845 02:12:02,848 --> 02:12:03,715 THEY'RE FUNCTIONALLY DISTINCT. 2846 02:12:03,715 --> 02:12:06,084 I WON'T HAVE TIME TO SHOW MUCH 2847 02:12:06,084 --> 02:12:08,053 OF THE DATA BUT WE AND OTHERS 2848 02:12:08,053 --> 02:12:10,121 HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT INDIVIDUAL 2849 02:12:10,121 --> 02:12:12,557 MITOCHONDRIA CAN DIFFER WITHIN A 2850 02:12:12,557 --> 02:12:12,757 CELL. 2851 02:12:12,757 --> 02:12:15,927 ONE ISSUE TO STUDY THE OMICS OR 2852 02:12:15,927 --> 02:12:23,201 ANY ASPECT IS THE SIZE. 2853 02:12:23,201 --> 02:12:24,736 THE AVERAGE SIZE OF A NEURON IS 2854 02:12:24,736 --> 02:12:35,347 ABOUT 30 MICROONSS -- MICRON AN 2855 02:12:38,083 --> 02:12:41,753 WE NEED TO HAVE METHODOLOGIES 2856 02:12:41,753 --> 02:12:44,789 THAT GIVE US THIS TYPE OF 2857 02:12:44,789 --> 02:12:46,258 RESOLUTION TO QUANTITATIVELY 2858 02:12:46,258 --> 02:12:47,359 CELL THEM WITHIN CELLS AND LOOK 2859 02:12:47,359 --> 02:12:50,729 AT THEIR RESPONSIVENESS TO 2860 02:12:50,729 --> 02:12:54,032 ALCOHOL OR OTHER DRUGS. 2861 02:12:54,032 --> 02:12:56,167 AND THESE ORGAN CELLS CAN LOOK 2862 02:12:56,167 --> 02:12:56,468 DIFFERENT. 2863 02:12:56,468 --> 02:12:59,437 YOU HAVE MITOCHONDRIA OVER HERE 2864 02:12:59,437 --> 02:13:03,008 AND NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES AND 2865 02:13:03,008 --> 02:13:08,546 THE DEN DRDRITES OF THE CELL AN 2866 02:13:08,546 --> 02:13:10,015 MITOCHONDRIA ARE FUSED AND MANY 2867 02:13:10,015 --> 02:13:11,816 GO TOGETHER TO CREATE A LONGER 2868 02:13:11,816 --> 02:13:12,083 STRUCTURE. 2869 02:13:12,083 --> 02:13:12,751 THEY CAN LOOK DIFFERENT AND 2870 02:13:12,751 --> 02:13:21,526 FUNCTION DIFFERENTLY. 2871 02:13:21,526 --> 02:13:23,895 I'LL TRY TO SATISFACTION THE 2872 02:13:23,895 --> 02:13:25,630 COMPONENTS AND THIS WILL IMPACT 2873 02:13:25,630 --> 02:13:28,433 ALCOHOL RESEARCH YOU NEED THIS 2874 02:13:28,433 --> 02:13:29,601 RESOLUTION TO GO TO AN 2875 02:13:29,601 --> 02:13:30,268 UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNCTION OF 2876 02:13:30,268 --> 02:13:39,911 THESE DRUGS WITHIN THE CELLS. 2877 02:13:39,911 --> 02:13:41,713 WHEN I SAY SPATIAL ANALYSIS WHAT 2878 02:13:41,713 --> 02:13:43,548 THAT MEANS IS WE WANT TO BE ABLE 2879 02:13:43,548 --> 02:13:46,351 TO LOOK AT THE CELLS, LOOK AT 2880 02:13:46,351 --> 02:13:48,820 THE STRUCTURES IN CELLS THAT ARE 2881 02:13:48,820 --> 02:13:52,390 CONNECTION WITH OTHER CELLS. 2882 02:13:52,390 --> 02:13:57,495 BASICALLY BRAIN SECTION OR SLICE 2883 02:13:57,495 --> 02:14:02,334 WHERE THE NEURON IS IN 2884 02:14:02,334 --> 02:14:04,669 OPPOSITION WITH WHAT IS TOUCHING 2885 02:14:04,669 --> 02:14:10,675 IT OR THE MICRO GLIIA BECAUSE IT 2886 02:14:10,675 --> 02:14:11,810 IMPACTS THE FUNCTION OF THE 2887 02:14:11,810 --> 02:14:12,010 CELL. 2888 02:14:12,010 --> 02:14:14,779 I'LL SHOW YOU ASPECTS OF HO YOU 2889 02:14:14,779 --> 02:14:18,717 WITH LOOK AT CHROMATIN WITHIN 2890 02:14:18,717 --> 02:14:19,784 THE CELLS. 2891 02:14:19,784 --> 02:14:23,888 FOR THOSE WHO PLAY NOT REMEMBER, 2892 02:14:23,888 --> 02:14:27,926 GENOME YOU CAN DNA IS PACKED IN 2893 02:14:27,926 --> 02:14:32,330 A CELL WITH A STRUCTURE OF 2894 02:14:32,330 --> 02:14:33,698 NUCLEOSOMES WITH DNA. 2895 02:14:33,698 --> 02:14:36,935 WHEN YOU HAVE TRANSCRIPTION OF A 2896 02:14:36,935 --> 02:14:41,339 GENE FROM THE DNA THE 2897 02:14:41,339 --> 02:14:42,707 NUCLEOSOMES ESSENTIALLY FALL 2898 02:14:42,707 --> 02:14:42,874 OFF. 2899 02:14:42,874 --> 02:14:50,015 THE DNA POLYMERASE AND OTHER 2900 02:14:50,015 --> 02:14:54,019 ENZYMES INVOLVED AND OTHERS ARE 2901 02:14:54,019 --> 02:14:55,887 INVOLVED IN RNA TRANSCRIPTION 2902 02:14:55,887 --> 02:14:59,090 BIND TO THE RNA AND TRANSCRIBE 2903 02:14:59,090 --> 02:15:02,060 IT INTO A MOLECULE. 2904 02:15:02,060 --> 02:15:05,196 THIS IS CALLED OPEN CHROMATIN 2905 02:15:05,196 --> 02:15:07,432 AND MANY STUDIED THIS IN 2906 02:15:07,432 --> 02:15:07,899 RESPONSE TO ETHANOL 2907 02:15:07,899 --> 02:15:18,143 MANIPULATION. 2908 02:15:20,245 --> 02:15:21,713 THERE'S THE BRAIN RESEARCH 2909 02:15:21,713 --> 02:15:23,882 EFFORTS THAT RELATED TO 2910 02:15:23,882 --> 02:15:32,690 CHROMATIN STRUCTURES ON ATAC SEQ 2911 02:15:32,690 --> 02:15:36,728 YOU NEED THE PROTONS AND EXCISED 2912 02:15:36,728 --> 02:15:37,228 FOR ANALYSIS. 2913 02:15:37,228 --> 02:15:40,031 IT'S AN DETAIL THAT MEANS YOU'RE 2914 02:15:40,031 --> 02:15:42,634 GOING TO SEE MUCH OF THE OPEN 2915 02:15:42,634 --> 02:15:43,902 CHROMATIN BUT NOT ALL OF IT 2916 02:15:43,902 --> 02:15:45,603 BECAUSE YOU NEED TWO OF THESE 2917 02:15:45,603 --> 02:15:51,209 EVENTS TO OCCUR TO BE ABLE TO 2918 02:15:51,209 --> 02:15:52,944 DETECT THE MATERIAL. 2919 02:15:52,944 --> 02:15:57,082 YOU STILL GET A LARGE AMOUNT OF 2920 02:15:57,082 --> 02:15:58,683 THE CHROMATIN BUT EACH APPROACH 2921 02:15:58,683 --> 02:16:02,921 HAVE PLUSES AND MINUSES. 2922 02:16:02,921 --> 02:16:03,888 AND YOU'LL SEE DISTINCTIONS 2923 02:16:03,888 --> 02:16:08,860 BETWEEN THE APPROACH. 2924 02:16:08,860 --> 02:16:13,098 WE WANTED TO SEE AS MUCH AS THE 2925 02:16:13,098 --> 02:16:14,232 MATERIAL IN SINGLE CELLS IN 2926 02:16:14,232 --> 02:16:21,372 THOSE IDENTIFIED. 2927 02:16:21,372 --> 02:16:26,044 WE DEVELOPED A PROCEDURE CALLED 2928 02:16:26,044 --> 02:16:27,345 CHECK SEQ. 2929 02:16:27,345 --> 02:16:31,883 YOU TAKE CELLS FIXED OR BRAIN 2930 02:16:31,883 --> 02:16:35,887 TISSUE SECTIONS FIXED AND USE 2931 02:16:35,887 --> 02:16:46,431 THE GLUING OF PROTEINS IN PLACE 2932 02:16:47,732 --> 02:16:50,635 AND QUERY IN A FIXED TISSUE 2933 02:16:50,635 --> 02:16:54,606 SECTION USING A SPECIAL OLICO 2934 02:16:54,606 --> 02:16:56,074 NUCLEOTIDE AND WHAT IS IMPORTANT 2935 02:16:56,074 --> 02:16:58,843 TO KNOW AND YOU CAN LOOK AT OUR 2936 02:16:58,843 --> 02:16:59,878 PAPER RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN 2937 02:16:59,878 --> 02:17:02,547 NATURE AND METHODS IS IT HAS A 2938 02:17:02,547 --> 02:17:06,851 BLOCKED SITE ON THE END OF. 2939 02:17:06,851 --> 02:17:09,888 WHEN THE DNA BINDS AS SHOWN HERE 2940 02:17:09,888 --> 02:17:12,657 OR HERE IT SITS ON THE DNA AND 2941 02:17:12,657 --> 02:17:13,124 INACTIVE. 2942 02:17:13,124 --> 02:17:18,796 WHEN YOU HIT THE CELL WITH LIGHT 2943 02:17:18,796 --> 02:17:21,132 THIS COMES OUT AND CAN ACT AS A 2944 02:17:21,132 --> 02:17:23,067 PRIMER FOR SYNTHESIS DIRECTLY IN 2945 02:17:23,067 --> 02:17:24,602 THE TISSUE SECTION. 2946 02:17:24,602 --> 02:17:26,137 BASICALLY YOU'RE COPYING THE 2947 02:17:26,137 --> 02:17:28,406 SINGLE STRANDED DNA INTO A COPY. 2948 02:17:28,406 --> 02:17:32,210 WHEN THAT HAPPENS, YOU CAN THEN 2949 02:17:32,210 --> 02:17:34,812 ANALYZE THE SINGLE STRANDED DNA 2950 02:17:34,812 --> 02:17:36,614 THROUGH SEQUENCING AND OTHER 2951 02:17:36,614 --> 02:17:37,749 PROCEDURES. 2952 02:17:37,749 --> 02:17:40,685 THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS BLOCKED 2953 02:17:40,685 --> 02:17:43,021 END IS THAT IT'S ACTIVATED BY 2954 02:17:43,021 --> 02:17:44,088 LIGHT. 2955 02:17:44,088 --> 02:17:46,891 WE CAN FOCUS OUR LASER ON AN 2956 02:17:46,891 --> 02:17:47,792 INDIVIDUAL CELL AND ACTIVATE 2957 02:17:47,792 --> 02:17:52,797 THIS INTERROGATOR IN THE ONE 2958 02:17:52,797 --> 02:17:52,997 CELLS. 2959 02:17:52,997 --> 02:17:55,300 THE OTHER CELLS WE WON'T SEE A 2960 02:17:55,300 --> 02:17:57,869 SIGNAL FROM AND SEE CHROMATIN 2961 02:17:57,869 --> 02:17:59,938 STRUCTURE AT HIGH COMPLEXITY 2962 02:17:59,938 --> 02:18:05,777 USING THIS APPROACH. 2963 02:18:05,777 --> 02:18:08,713 THE WE HAVE CO-INVENTORS AND 2964 02:18:08,713 --> 02:18:12,817 CO-OWNERS OF THE PATENT ON THE 2965 02:18:12,817 --> 02:18:18,289 PROCEDURE, LASERGEN AND AGILENT. 2966 02:18:18,289 --> 02:18:22,560 WE USED A CELL LINE CALLED K652 2967 02:18:22,560 --> 02:18:26,097 USED IN DEVELOPING MUCH OF THE 2968 02:18:26,097 --> 02:18:27,899 INFORMATION WE HAVE ABOUT THE 2969 02:18:27,899 --> 02:18:30,768 DNA REGULATORY ELEMENTS THAT ARE 2970 02:18:30,768 --> 02:18:32,704 DISPERSED THROUGHOUT THE GENOME. 2971 02:18:32,704 --> 02:18:35,206 AMONG THINGS I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT 2972 02:18:35,206 --> 02:18:39,877 IS THESE ARE K3562 CELLS WITH 2973 02:18:39,877 --> 02:18:44,983 OUR PRIMER SHOWN HERE AND IT'S A 2974 02:18:44,983 --> 02:18:47,285 FLUORESCENT PRIMER. 2975 02:18:47,285 --> 02:18:49,454 WHEN WE SHINE IT ON THE ONE CELL 2976 02:18:49,454 --> 02:18:54,492 THE PRIMER RAZE BEEN ACTIVATED 2977 02:18:54,492 --> 02:18:58,930 AND WIN THE TRANSCRIPTASE IT 2978 02:18:58,930 --> 02:19:01,766 WILL COPY THE SINGLE CELL DNA 2979 02:19:01,766 --> 02:19:06,170 INTO A DOUBLE STRANDED DNA SO 2980 02:19:06,170 --> 02:19:08,606 ONLY GETTING IT FROM ONE CELL. 2981 02:19:08,606 --> 02:19:11,209 WHEN WE COMPARE THE OPEN 2982 02:19:11,209 --> 02:19:12,477 CHROMATIN STATUS OF THE CELLS 2983 02:19:12,477 --> 02:19:13,778 WITH THEY WILL RNA MADE FROM 2984 02:19:13,778 --> 02:19:16,381 THOSE CELLS SO THE 2985 02:19:16,381 --> 02:19:17,882 TRANSCRIPTIONAL PRODUCT OF THE 2986 02:19:17,882 --> 02:19:23,021 OPEN CHROMATIN THERE'S A LARGE 2987 02:19:23,021 --> 02:19:25,690 OVERLAP IT'S LARGER THAN WITH 2988 02:19:25,690 --> 02:19:28,059 ATAC SEQ AND REASONS FOR THAT WE 2989 02:19:28,059 --> 02:19:29,661 CAN DISCUSS LATER IF YOU'RE 2990 02:19:29,661 --> 02:19:34,432 INTERESTED IN THE METHODOLOGY. 2991 02:19:34,432 --> 02:19:44,108 WHEN WE LOOK AT THE SINGLE CELL 2992 02:19:44,108 --> 02:19:46,711 DNA AND SOME WE CAN'T DETECT AND 2993 02:19:46,711 --> 02:19:55,887 DISCUSS THOSE MOMENTARILY. 2994 02:19:55,887 --> 02:20:01,125 THE GOAL IS LOOKING AT 2995 02:20:01,125 --> 02:20:06,397 INDIVIDUAL CELL WITH A VARIETY 2996 02:20:06,397 --> 02:20:07,198 OF PROCEDURES. 2997 02:20:07,198 --> 02:20:11,903 WE WANTED TO LOOK AT PROTEIN 2998 02:20:11,903 --> 02:20:14,372 EXPRESSION AND LOOK AT CELLS 2999 02:20:14,372 --> 02:20:15,673 EXPRESSING ANTIGEN. 3000 02:20:15,673 --> 02:20:17,241 THE PRESENCE OF AN RNA TELLS YOU 3001 02:20:17,241 --> 02:20:23,047 THE CELL HAS THE CAPACITY TO 3002 02:20:23,047 --> 02:20:25,383 MAKE THE PROTEIN BUT IT DOESN'T 3003 02:20:25,383 --> 02:20:26,651 MEAN IT'S MAKING THE PROGRESS AS 3004 02:20:26,651 --> 02:20:28,519 JOHN WAS TALKING ABOUT THE CELL 3005 02:20:28,519 --> 02:20:29,654 STATE AND FUNCTION AND YOU NEED 3006 02:20:29,654 --> 02:20:31,422 THE PROTEIN TO FUNCTION WITH THE 3007 02:20:31,422 --> 02:20:31,656 PROTEIN. 3008 02:20:31,656 --> 02:20:34,625 IT CAN HAVE FUNCTIONS OTHER THAN 3009 02:20:34,625 --> 02:20:35,693 TRANSLATION BUT GENERALLY THAT'S 3010 02:20:35,693 --> 02:20:40,732 WHAT YOU'RE INTERESTED IN. 3011 02:20:40,732 --> 02:20:51,075 THERE'S CONTROVERSY. 3012 02:20:56,314 --> 02:20:59,283 ASK WE STAINED CELL IN THE 3013 02:20:59,283 --> 02:21:01,319 HYPOTHALAMUS AND THIS IS THE ONE 3014 02:21:01,319 --> 02:21:04,155 CELL AND WE SHINE A LASER ON THE 3015 02:21:04,155 --> 02:21:06,824 ONE CELL WE ACTIVATED THE PRIMER 3016 02:21:06,824 --> 02:21:08,659 IN THE ONE INHIBITORY NEURON. 3017 02:21:08,659 --> 02:21:11,729 HOW TO WHEN WE DO THE CHECK SEQ 3018 02:21:11,729 --> 02:21:13,364 ANALYSIS WE LOOK AT THE 3019 02:21:13,364 --> 02:21:15,967 CHROMATIN ONLY IN THAT ONE 3020 02:21:15,967 --> 02:21:22,774 IDENTIFIED INHIBITORY NEURON. 3021 02:21:22,774 --> 02:21:24,175 WE'RE IN THE PROCESS OF 3022 02:21:24,175 --> 02:21:24,642 PUBLISHING MORE DATA. 3023 02:21:24,642 --> 02:21:29,680 THIS ALLOWS US TO GO TO SINGLE 3024 02:21:29,680 --> 02:21:32,183 CELL NUCLEUS AND LOOK IN 3025 02:21:32,183 --> 02:21:34,085 IDENTIFIED CELLS AT THE STATUS 3026 02:21:34,085 --> 02:21:36,587 OF THOSE CELLS. 3027 02:21:36,587 --> 02:21:40,725 HOW ETHANOL IMPACT IN CHROMATIN 3028 02:21:40,725 --> 02:21:49,133 WILL IMPACT THE AMOUNT OF GENES 3029 02:21:49,133 --> 02:21:49,434 TRANSCRIBED. 3030 02:21:49,434 --> 02:21:51,402 THIS IS ANOTHER AREA OF 3031 02:21:51,402 --> 02:21:51,669 RESEARCH. 3032 02:21:51,669 --> 02:21:54,138 I KNOW NIAAA HAS FUNDED A FEW 3033 02:21:54,138 --> 02:21:59,477 GRANTS IN THIS AREA BUT IT'S A 3034 02:21:59,477 --> 02:22:04,248 LARGE EFFORT NOW ON 3035 02:22:04,248 --> 02:22:06,017 UNDERSTANDING WHAT RNAs ARE 3036 02:22:06,017 --> 02:22:08,453 DOING AND THERE WAS A REPORT ON 3037 02:22:08,453 --> 02:22:10,054 SEQUENCING OF RNA FROM CELLS 3038 02:22:10,054 --> 02:22:16,027 FROM TISSUES AND THE GOAL WAS TO 3039 02:22:16,027 --> 02:22:19,030 STIMULATE RESEARCH IN THE AREA 3040 02:22:19,030 --> 02:22:19,630 OF TRANSCRIPTOMICS IT'S THE 3041 02:22:19,630 --> 02:22:26,070 ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL RNA AND 3042 02:22:26,070 --> 02:22:29,073 EVERY CELL A CHEMICAL 3043 02:22:29,073 --> 02:22:33,311 MODIFICATION AND THEY'RE 3044 02:22:33,311 --> 02:22:40,551 INVOLVED IN RNA BIOLOGY. 3045 02:22:40,551 --> 02:22:41,986 THERE'S WORK IN UNDERSTANDING 3046 02:22:41,986 --> 02:22:43,888 WHAT THEY'RE DOING TO CELLULAR 3047 02:22:43,888 --> 02:22:53,264 FUNCTION. 3048 02:22:53,264 --> 02:22:56,467 I'LL DESCRIBE THE ON SURFACE 3049 02:22:56,467 --> 02:22:56,834 RNAs. 3050 02:22:56,834 --> 02:22:59,871 RNAs ARE NOT JUST THE RNAs WE 3051 02:22:59,871 --> 02:23:04,108 FIND IN THE TRANSCRIPTOME. 3052 02:23:04,108 --> 02:23:06,544 THERE'S OTHER BIOLOGY 3053 02:23:06,544 --> 02:23:07,778 ASSOCIATED. 3054 02:23:07,778 --> 02:23:10,615 ALL RNAs BIND WITHIN CELLS 3055 02:23:10,615 --> 02:23:11,883 WHETHER PROTEINS THAT ALLOW 3056 02:23:11,883 --> 02:23:18,890 TRANSLATION OF THE RNAs OR 3057 02:23:18,890 --> 02:23:23,060 WITHIN CELLS OR ASPECT OF RNA 3058 02:23:23,060 --> 02:23:25,129 BIOLOGY INCLUDING DEGRADATION. 3059 02:23:25,129 --> 02:23:26,430 THEY'RE CHEMICALLY MODIFIED IN 3060 02:23:26,430 --> 02:23:28,065 SOME WAY. 3061 02:23:28,065 --> 02:23:30,701 THEY CAN ASSUME STRUCTURES. 3062 02:23:30,701 --> 02:23:35,439 RNA WITH ONE STRUCTURE TO BE 3063 02:23:35,439 --> 02:23:36,974 TRANSLATED AND THE SAME RNA AND 3064 02:23:36,974 --> 02:23:43,881 DIFFERENT CODING MAY NOT BE 3065 02:23:43,881 --> 02:23:47,685 TRANSLATED AS EFFICIENTLY. 3066 02:23:47,685 --> 02:23:52,957 THESE GIVE RIDES TO DIFFERENT 3067 02:23:52,957 --> 02:23:54,458 BIOLOGIES AND THEY MODULATE CELL 3068 02:23:54,458 --> 02:23:54,792 FUNCTION. 3069 02:23:54,792 --> 02:23:58,663 THAT POSES A WHOLE HOST OF 3070 02:23:58,663 --> 02:23:59,897 QUESTIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT 3071 02:23:59,897 --> 02:24:01,599 BEYOND THE KNOWLEDGE AN RNA IS 3072 02:24:01,599 --> 02:24:02,934 PRESENT IN THE CELL TO 3073 02:24:02,934 --> 02:24:04,702 UNDERSTAND WHAT THE CELLS ARE 3074 02:24:04,702 --> 02:24:12,877 DOING AND CHARACTERIZE THE CELLS 3075 02:24:12,877 --> 02:24:14,979 AND IN TERMED OF E 3076 02:24:14,979 --> 02:24:19,884 EPITRANSCRIPTOME MANY ARE 3077 02:24:19,884 --> 02:24:23,621 PROBABLY FAMILIAR WITH THE EPIC 3078 02:24:23,621 --> 02:24:29,393 GENOME AND MODIFIED TO THE 3079 02:24:29,393 --> 02:24:34,732 COPYING OF DNA INTO RNA. 3080 02:24:34,732 --> 02:24:38,536 YOU CAN ALSO MODIFY RNA THROUGH 3081 02:24:38,536 --> 02:24:39,837 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION. 3082 02:24:39,837 --> 02:24:43,007 FOR DNA MODIFICATION THERE'S 3083 02:24:43,007 --> 02:24:44,742 SEVEN AND HUNDREDS OF 3084 02:24:44,742 --> 02:24:45,943 MODIFICATIONS FOR RNA. 3085 02:24:45,943 --> 02:24:48,379 AND THEY CAN ALTER THE 3086 02:24:48,379 --> 02:24:50,514 TRANSLATION AND A HOST OF 3087 02:24:50,514 --> 02:24:56,253 BIOLOGIES. 3088 02:24:56,253 --> 02:25:02,560 THE NUCLEOTIDES ARE MODIFIED IN 3089 02:25:02,560 --> 02:25:05,830 THIS CASE AND AGAIN ETHANOL 3090 02:25:05,830 --> 02:25:07,898 IMPACTS THIS THE ACUTE 3091 02:25:07,898 --> 02:25:09,367 MODULATION OF RNA CAN BE 3092 02:25:09,367 --> 02:25:11,902 MODIFIED BY A HOST OF 3093 02:25:11,902 --> 02:25:15,039 PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS AND THE 3094 02:25:15,039 --> 02:25:15,806 NATIONAL ACADEMIES REPORT MAKES 3095 02:25:15,806 --> 02:25:19,477 A CASE FOR STUDYING THIS IN 3096 02:25:19,477 --> 02:25:19,710 DETAIL. 3097 02:25:19,710 --> 02:25:23,581 THE RNA MODIFICATION REGULATED 3098 02:25:23,581 --> 02:25:24,415 BY MODIFICATIONS CALLED READERS, 3099 02:25:24,415 --> 02:25:34,759 WRITERS AND ERASERS. 3100 02:25:39,497 --> 02:25:43,901 EVERY CELL IS MODIFIED TO SOME 3101 02:25:43,901 --> 02:25:47,004 EXTENT AND WE HAVE ANY POSITION 3102 02:25:47,004 --> 02:25:47,338 AMPLIFICATION. 3103 02:25:47,338 --> 02:25:52,877 WE ATTACH SINGLE STRANDED DNA. 3104 02:25:52,877 --> 02:25:57,615 AND THERE'S AN ATTACHMENT AND 3105 02:25:57,615 --> 02:26:00,418 ENDS UP BEING AN RNA 3106 02:26:00,418 --> 02:26:00,751 INTERROGATOR. 3107 02:26:00,751 --> 02:26:04,155 I'LL SHOW HOW IT WORKS. 3108 02:26:04,155 --> 02:26:11,896 YOU HAVE AN RNA BINDING PROTEIN 3109 02:26:11,896 --> 02:26:14,298 OR ANTIBODY TO IT AND IT BIND TO 3110 02:26:14,298 --> 02:26:17,034 THE ANTIGEN AND BIND IT TO ANY 3111 02:26:17,034 --> 02:26:17,702 RNA AROUND IT. 3112 02:26:17,702 --> 02:26:23,407 WHEN THAT HAPPENS, YOU CAN ADD 3113 02:26:23,407 --> 02:26:25,609 AN ENZYME TO THE FIXED TISSUE 3114 02:26:25,609 --> 02:26:29,447 AND COPY IT AND THEN REME OF THE 3115 02:26:29,447 --> 02:26:37,822 ANTIBODY COMPLEX AND AMPLIFY THE 3116 02:26:37,822 --> 02:26:46,997 RNA FROM THE IDENTIFIED ANTIGENS 3117 02:26:46,997 --> 02:26:48,666 AND THAT'S THE DATA I'LL SHOW 3118 02:26:48,666 --> 02:26:50,167 NOW AND WE HAVE AN ANTIBODY IN 3119 02:26:50,167 --> 02:26:54,338 THIS CASE TO MODIFICATION CALLED 3120 02:26:54,338 --> 02:26:54,538 M6A. 3121 02:26:54,538 --> 02:26:59,944 WE HAVE OUR NUCLEOTIDE AND SEE 3122 02:26:59,944 --> 02:27:03,881 M6A IN THE FIXED CELLS AND THIS 3123 02:27:03,881 --> 02:27:07,151 ANTIBODY BINDS AND THE OLIGO 3124 02:27:07,151 --> 02:27:08,986 NUCLEOTIDE IS MODIFIED AND THEN 3125 02:27:08,986 --> 02:27:10,821 MAKE A COPY OF THE RNA AND WHEN 3126 02:27:10,821 --> 02:27:19,897 WE DO THAT WE CAN FIND 1200 3127 02:27:19,897 --> 02:27:21,832 mRNAs AND THERE'S A WAY OF DOING 3128 02:27:21,832 --> 02:27:28,405 THIS NOW AND WE CAN DO NOT JUST 3129 02:27:28,405 --> 02:27:31,742 M6A BUT ALSO FOUR MODIFICATIONS 3130 02:27:31,742 --> 02:27:33,244 AND DO THEM SIMULTANEOUSLY IN 3131 02:27:33,244 --> 02:27:34,912 THE SAME CELLS AND NOW TRY TO 3132 02:27:34,912 --> 02:27:36,680 UNDERSTAND NOT JUST THE PRESENCE 3133 02:27:36,680 --> 02:27:38,783 OF THE RNA BUT ASPECTS OF THE 3134 02:27:38,783 --> 02:27:41,552 REGULATION THROUGH THIS TYPE OF 3135 02:27:41,552 --> 02:27:43,888 MODIFICATION AND FOR THIS 3136 02:27:43,888 --> 02:27:47,792 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YOU CAN SEE 3137 02:27:47,792 --> 02:27:50,828 THERE'S AN END IN THE RNA IN THE 3138 02:27:50,828 --> 02:27:54,732 CODING REGION AND 6A IN THE 3139 02:27:54,732 --> 02:27:56,734 PRIME UTR AND DIFFERENT VERSIONS 3140 02:27:56,734 --> 02:27:59,904 WHERE THEY OCCUR IN THE RNA. 3141 02:27:59,904 --> 02:28:06,477 IT'S QUITE COMPLEX. 3142 02:28:06,477 --> 02:28:12,016 THESE ARE RED IN BY READERS. 3143 02:28:12,016 --> 02:28:15,419 FMRP A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR HAS 3144 02:28:15,419 --> 02:28:18,789 BEEN IMPLICATED AND WHAT BINDS 3145 02:28:18,789 --> 02:28:20,324 TO THE RNA AND TRANSLATES THE 3146 02:28:20,324 --> 02:28:27,264 BINDING INTO SOME ASPECTS OF 3147 02:28:27,264 --> 02:28:30,167 FUNCTION. 3148 02:28:30,167 --> 02:28:35,906 TD343 AND THE TYPE OF DATA WE 3149 02:28:35,906 --> 02:28:37,975 CAN GENERATE FOR ABLE RNA 3150 02:28:37,975 --> 02:28:42,146 ASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON'S 3151 02:28:42,146 --> 02:28:43,614 DISEASE AND YOU SEE THIS IN THE 3152 02:28:43,614 --> 02:28:48,385 FIVE PRIME END AND LOOKING THE 3153 02:28:48,385 --> 02:28:49,620 THE READER YOU SEE THE OVERLAP 3154 02:28:49,620 --> 02:28:55,893 BETWEEN THE READER AND THE 3155 02:28:55,893 --> 02:28:57,862 EPITRANSCRIPTOMIC MARK. 3156 02:28:57,862 --> 02:29:02,867 IT'S QUITE INTERESTING AND 3157 02:29:02,867 --> 02:29:05,502 LEADING US TO UNDERSTAND THE 3158 02:29:05,502 --> 02:29:06,170 SYMPHONY OF REGULATION WITHIN 3159 02:29:06,170 --> 02:29:07,504 RNAs. 3160 02:29:07,504 --> 02:29:09,306 NOW GOING TO ANOTHER AREA AND 3161 02:29:09,306 --> 02:29:11,308 THIS IS MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION 3162 02:29:11,308 --> 02:29:13,277 AND ETHANOL CHANGES IN 3163 02:29:13,277 --> 02:29:15,946 MORPHOLOGY OF MITOCHONDRIA AND 3164 02:29:15,946 --> 02:29:19,884 THE PROPENSITY OF MUTATIONS TO 3165 02:29:19,884 --> 02:29:22,953 OCCUR WITHIN MITOCHONDRIA. 3166 02:29:22,953 --> 02:29:28,125 WE KNOW THEY MOVE TO SYNAPSES IN 3167 02:29:28,125 --> 02:29:29,226 SYNAPTIC SIMULATION AND THERE'S 3168 02:29:29,226 --> 02:29:31,896 DIFFERENT REASONS AND WHAT WE 3169 02:29:31,896 --> 02:29:40,771 KNOW ABOUT MITOCHONDRIA IS YOU 3170 02:29:40,771 --> 02:29:47,244 CAN HAVE ONE TO 10 ORGANELLES 3171 02:29:47,244 --> 02:29:49,380 WITH DNA AND THIS IS THE 3172 02:29:49,380 --> 02:29:50,881 DOMINANT ONE OTHER THAN THE 3173 02:29:50,881 --> 02:30:00,024 NUCLEUS. 3174 02:30:00,024 --> 02:30:01,525 ONE OF THE THINGS WE WERE 3175 02:30:01,525 --> 02:30:05,296 INTERESTED IN IS MITOCHONDRIA 3176 02:30:05,296 --> 02:30:06,797 MUTATIONS OR HOW THIS VARIES 3177 02:30:06,797 --> 02:30:07,798 BETWEEN CELL TYPES AS A FUNCTION 3178 02:30:07,798 --> 02:30:08,299 OF DISEASE. 3179 02:30:08,299 --> 02:30:10,834 ARE THE MITOCHONDRIA AND HOW 3180 02:30:10,834 --> 02:30:14,405 DIFFERENT ARE THEY IN TERMS OF 3181 02:30:14,405 --> 02:30:15,039 GENOMIC IN THEIR MITOCHONDRIAL 3182 02:30:15,039 --> 02:30:19,944 DNA. 3183 02:30:19,944 --> 02:30:23,747 WE MANUALLY DISSECTED INDIVIDUAL 3184 02:30:23,747 --> 02:30:25,182 MITOCHONDRIA AND SEQUENCED THE 3185 02:30:25,182 --> 02:30:26,984 MITOCHONDRIA ALLOWING US TO 3186 02:30:26,984 --> 02:30:28,652 DETECT THE MITOCHONDRIA AND LOOK 3187 02:30:28,652 --> 02:30:33,691 FOR MUTATIONS. 3188 02:30:33,691 --> 02:30:35,893 IT'S SLOW THROUGHPUT BUT HIGH 3189 02:30:35,893 --> 02:30:44,668 RESOLUTION. 3190 02:30:44,668 --> 02:30:46,437 WE CAN SEE HOW THEY'RE 3191 02:30:46,437 --> 02:30:47,905 MAINTAINED AND THIS IS 3192 02:30:47,905 --> 02:30:55,412 PUBLISHED. 3193 02:30:55,412 --> 02:30:57,815 WE LOOKED AT SINGLE MITOCHONDRIA 3194 02:30:57,815 --> 02:31:01,585 FROM 83 NEURONS AN ASTROCYTES 3195 02:31:01,585 --> 02:31:03,854 FROM THE MOUSE WITH A HIGHER 3196 02:31:03,854 --> 02:31:07,558 THROUGHPUT APPROACH AND GET 3197 02:31:07,558 --> 02:31:08,525 INDIVIDUAL MITOCHONDRIA AND 3198 02:31:08,525 --> 02:31:11,095 SEQUENCE THE INDIVIDUAL 3199 02:31:11,095 --> 02:31:11,428 MITOCHONDRIA. 3200 02:31:11,428 --> 02:31:13,130 IN DOING THIS WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO 3201 02:31:13,130 --> 02:31:16,266 SHOW THAT NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES 3202 02:31:16,266 --> 02:31:17,368 HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBERS AND 3203 02:31:17,368 --> 02:31:19,903 VARIATION FOR THE SINGLE 3204 02:31:19,903 --> 02:31:26,477 NUCLEOTIDE VARIANTS SUGGESTING 3205 02:31:26,477 --> 02:31:34,118 THEY UNDER GO PURIFYING 3206 02:31:34,118 --> 02:31:35,719 SELECTION AND WE LOOK AT THE 3207 02:31:35,719 --> 02:31:37,421 REACTION TO INCLUDING ETHANOL. 3208 02:31:37,421 --> 02:31:38,489 THERE'S WORK THAT STILL NEEDS TO 3209 02:31:38,489 --> 02:31:40,190 BE DONE. 3210 02:31:40,190 --> 02:31:41,825 WE KNOW THESE THINGS NOW ARE 3211 02:31:41,825 --> 02:31:44,361 OCCURRING BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES 3212 02:31:44,361 --> 02:31:46,430 IN CELL TYPE VARIATION. 3213 02:31:46,430 --> 02:31:51,035 RECENTLY WE PUBLISHED AND 3214 02:31:51,035 --> 02:31:53,704 WORKING HARD ON THIS TO A HIGH 3215 02:31:53,704 --> 02:31:57,441 THROUGHPUT APPROACH TAKING CELL 3216 02:31:57,441 --> 02:32:01,478 AND ENCAPSULATE IN HYDRO GELS A 3217 02:32:01,478 --> 02:32:02,279 FLUIDICS DEVICE AND HAVE 3218 02:32:02,279 --> 02:32:05,015 INDIVIDUAL MITOCHONDRIA AND 3219 02:32:05,015 --> 02:32:07,151 CELLS IN THE HYDRO GELS AND NOW 3220 02:32:07,151 --> 02:32:11,889 UP TO CLOSE TO A MILLION OF 3221 02:32:11,889 --> 02:32:15,059 THESE HYDROGEL BEADS WITH 3222 02:32:15,059 --> 02:32:16,994 INDIVIDUAL MITOCHONDRIA AND MOVE 3223 02:32:16,994 --> 02:32:17,661 THROUGH THE SEQUENCE. 3224 02:32:17,661 --> 02:32:19,863 THIS IS IN COLLABORATION WITH 3225 02:32:19,863 --> 02:32:20,564 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT HERE 3226 02:32:20,564 --> 02:32:21,265 AT PENN. 3227 02:32:21,265 --> 02:32:23,300 WE NEED TO GO TO HIGHER 3228 02:32:23,300 --> 02:32:24,601 THROUGHPUT BECAUSE THE CELLS 3229 02:32:24,601 --> 02:32:26,670 HAVE HUNDREDS OF MITOCHONDRIA 3230 02:32:26,670 --> 02:32:32,609 AND WANT TO LOOK AT THE CELLS. 3231 02:32:32,609 --> 02:32:42,853 IT'S POSSIBLE. 3232 02:32:45,122 --> 02:32:47,324 WE'VE ADAPTED NANO CORE 3233 02:32:47,324 --> 02:32:48,425 SEQUENCING. 3234 02:32:48,425 --> 02:32:49,893 WE GET FULL LENGTH SEQUENCING IN 3235 02:32:49,893 --> 02:32:58,135 A SINGLE MIGHT KCON DRA -- 3236 02:32:58,135 --> 02:32:58,802 MITOCHONDRIA AND THEY'RE 3237 02:32:58,802 --> 02:33:00,270 SEQUENCED AND LOOK AT THE 3238 02:33:00,270 --> 02:33:03,073 MUTATION LANDSCAPE ACROSS THE 3239 02:33:03,073 --> 02:33:13,016 CELLS. 3240 02:33:13,016 --> 02:33:15,486 THE NANO CORE HAVE GOTTEN BETTER 3241 02:33:15,486 --> 02:33:19,256 IN TERMS OF REDUCED ERROR RATE 3242 02:33:19,256 --> 02:33:22,426 AND PRODUCED A PROCEDURE TO 3243 02:33:22,426 --> 02:33:24,328 SELF-VALIDATE WHAT WE DETECT. 3244 02:33:24,328 --> 02:33:25,963 WHEN THIS IS PUBLISHED PEOPLE 3245 02:33:25,963 --> 02:33:36,406 WILL SEE HOW THAT'S DONE. 3246 02:34:03,800 --> 02:34:14,278 AND WE LOOKED AT AMEALIOR JATING 3247 02:34:14,778 --> 02:34:17,581 THE SYMPTOMOLOGY AND LOOKED AT 3248 02:34:17,581 --> 02:34:19,650 THE RNA THAT GAVE RIDES TO 3249 02:34:19,650 --> 02:34:21,084 MITOCHONDRIA AND THE NUCLEUS 3250 02:34:21,084 --> 02:34:23,053 MAKES HUNDREDS OF PROTEINS THAT 3251 02:34:23,053 --> 02:34:24,988 GO IN THE MITOCHONDRIA TO ALLOW 3252 02:34:24,988 --> 02:34:26,957 IT TO FUNCTION. 3253 02:34:26,957 --> 02:34:29,459 WE'RE LOOKING AT NUCLEUS 3254 02:34:29,459 --> 02:34:30,727 MITOCHONDRIA COMMUNICATION AND 3255 02:34:30,727 --> 02:34:33,630 CAN IDENTIFY PARTICULAR NUCLEAR 3256 02:34:33,630 --> 02:34:34,831 GENES THAT CORRELATE AND WE'RE 3257 02:34:34,831 --> 02:34:36,333 TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THAT 3258 02:34:36,333 --> 02:34:37,801 MEANS IN TERMS OF THE 3259 02:34:37,801 --> 02:34:38,635 COMMUNICATION AND WHAT THAT 3260 02:34:38,635 --> 02:34:40,671 MEANS IN TERMS OF CO-REGULATION 3261 02:34:40,671 --> 02:34:48,812 OF THE NUCLEUS AND MITOCHONDRIA. 3262 02:34:48,812 --> 02:34:52,382 THIS IS IN ITS INFANCY BUT HOW 3263 02:34:52,382 --> 02:34:53,550 WE'LL UNDERSTAND HOW THEY CREATE 3264 02:34:53,550 --> 02:34:56,587 THE PROPERTIES OF CELLS. 3265 02:34:56,587 --> 02:34:59,623 MY LAB AND OTHERS ARE TRYING TO 3266 02:34:59,623 --> 02:35:02,059 UNDERSTAND VARIOUS ASPECTS OF 3267 02:35:02,059 --> 02:35:07,898 BIOLOGY BY DETECT BEING 3268 02:35:07,898 --> 02:35:10,367 CHEMICALS AND THERE'S A HOST OF 3269 02:35:10,367 --> 02:35:11,969 THINGS I'D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO 3270 02:35:11,969 --> 02:35:13,370 TELL YOU ABOUT BUT WE HAVE 3271 02:35:13,370 --> 02:35:14,404 LIMITED TIME. 3272 02:35:14,404 --> 02:35:16,473 THESE ARE THE PEOPLE I'VE BEEN 3273 02:35:16,473 --> 02:35:17,774 FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO WORK IN 3274 02:35:17,774 --> 02:35:18,742 VARIOUS PARTS OF THE PROJECTS 3275 02:35:18,742 --> 02:35:19,876 AND OTHERS I HAVEN'T HAD A 3276 02:35:19,876 --> 02:35:22,179 CHANCE TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT. 3277 02:35:22,179 --> 02:35:23,146 SO THAT'S THE SCIENTIFIC 3278 02:35:23,146 --> 02:35:23,614 PRESENTATION. 3279 02:35:23,614 --> 02:35:24,581 GEORGE, I DON'T KNOW IF YOU'D 3280 02:35:24,581 --> 02:35:27,985 LIKE ME TO TALK ABOUT THE NEURAL 3281 02:35:27,985 --> 02:35:30,654 ETHICS GROUP OR IF I'VE RUN OUT 3282 02:35:30,654 --> 02:35:31,021 OF TIME. 3283 02:35:31,021 --> 02:35:31,722 IT'S UP TO YOU. 3284 02:35:31,722 --> 02:35:34,825 >> I'D LIKE TO ASK A FEW 3285 02:35:34,825 --> 02:35:36,660 QUESTIONS AND GET US BACK ON OUR 3286 02:35:36,660 --> 02:35:40,230 FULL SCHEDULE SO MAYBE WE COULD 3287 02:35:40,230 --> 02:35:42,399 INVITE YOU BACK TO DO THE NEURAL 3288 02:35:42,399 --> 02:35:43,300 ETHICS. 3289 02:35:43,300 --> 02:35:44,968 >> NO PROBLEM. 3290 02:35:44,968 --> 02:35:47,304 >> JOHN DIDN'T HAVE TIME TO GET 3291 02:35:47,304 --> 02:35:48,805 INTO NEURAL ETHICS EITHER AND 3292 02:35:48,805 --> 02:35:49,373 IT'S A BIG ISSUE. 3293 02:35:49,373 --> 02:35:51,875 YOU'LL BE ABLE TO TELL US. 3294 02:35:51,875 --> 02:35:54,645 I'M PARTICULARLY INTRIGUED BY 3295 02:35:54,645 --> 02:35:58,382 SOME OF THE ISSUES AROUND WHAT 3296 02:35:58,382 --> 02:36:01,451 DO YOU DO WHEN THE DEVICE WEARS 3297 02:36:01,451 --> 02:36:03,854 OUT AND THE PATIENT STILL HAS IT 3298 02:36:03,854 --> 02:36:07,891 IN THEM AND SOME ISSUES I 3299 02:36:07,891 --> 02:36:11,528 REMEMBER BEING RAISED. 3300 02:36:11,528 --> 02:36:14,698 MY QUESTION FOR YOU WOULD BE 3301 02:36:14,698 --> 02:36:16,633 THERE'S SO MANY HISTORIES THAT 3302 02:36:16,633 --> 02:36:19,703 WE DON'T KNOW IN THE ALCOHOL 3303 02:36:19,703 --> 02:36:19,903 FIELD. 3304 02:36:19,903 --> 02:36:22,205 ONE IS WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT LOW 3305 02:36:22,205 --> 02:36:27,110 DOSES OF ALCOHOL REALLY DO. 3306 02:36:27,110 --> 02:36:30,280 DO YOU THINK THE APPROACH LIKE 3307 02:36:30,280 --> 02:36:33,183 WITH THE EPILEPSY CAN GIVE US 3308 02:36:33,183 --> 02:36:37,754 INSIGHT AND THE OTHER PART OF 3309 02:36:37,754 --> 02:36:38,955 THAT QUESTION IS ALSO IN CELLS 3310 02:36:38,955 --> 02:36:42,993 IN THE LIVER NOT JUST THE BRAIN, 3311 02:36:42,993 --> 02:36:44,695 WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE CAN DRINK 3312 02:36:44,695 --> 02:36:50,434 LIKE FISH AND THERE'S NO LIVER 3313 02:36:50,434 --> 02:36:57,574 DISEASE AND OTHERS HAVE A 3314 02:36:57,574 --> 02:36:58,442 VULNERABILITY TO LIVER DISEASE 3315 02:36:58,442 --> 02:37:01,745 JUST ABOVE THE MODERATE DRINKING 3316 02:37:01,745 --> 02:37:03,580 LEVELS OR SOMETHING OF THAT 3317 02:37:03,580 --> 02:37:03,814 NATURE. 3318 02:37:03,814 --> 02:37:05,382 >> THOSE ARE PHENOMENAL 3319 02:37:05,382 --> 02:37:05,649 QUESTIONS. 3320 02:37:05,649 --> 02:37:11,888 IN TERMS OF THE FIRST QUESTION 3321 02:37:11,888 --> 02:37:15,959 ABOUT IN TERMS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE 3322 02:37:15,959 --> 02:37:19,896 AND HOW IT IMPACT NUCLEUS 3323 02:37:19,896 --> 02:37:20,897 MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION I AGREE. 3324 02:37:20,897 --> 02:37:22,933 THAT WOULD BE A VERY IMPORTANT 3325 02:37:22,933 --> 02:37:24,901 TO LOOK AT. 3326 02:37:24,901 --> 02:37:29,740 PERHAPS EVEN MORE GERMANE IS THE 3327 02:37:29,740 --> 02:37:30,140 EPITRANSCRIPTOME. 3328 02:37:30,140 --> 02:37:31,775 IT'S DYNAMIC. 3329 02:37:31,775 --> 02:37:36,146 YOU CAN GET CHANGES FROM 3330 02:37:36,146 --> 02:37:40,016 PHARMACO LOGICALLY INDUCED IN 15 3331 02:37:40,016 --> 02:37:41,251 MINUTES SHORT OR LONG TERM. 3332 02:37:41,251 --> 02:37:44,955 MY GUESS IS LOW-DOSE ALCOHOL 3333 02:37:44,955 --> 02:37:47,891 WILL CHANGE THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC 3334 02:37:47,891 --> 02:37:50,494 STATUS OF CELLS AND CHANGE THE 3335 02:37:50,494 --> 02:37:51,661 TRANSLATIONAL STATE OF THE RNA 3336 02:37:51,661 --> 02:37:53,196 AND A WHOLE HOST OF BIOLOGIES. 3337 02:37:53,196 --> 02:37:58,468 I THINK THAT WOULD BE ONE ACUTE 3338 02:37:58,468 --> 02:37:59,870 WAY OF THESE DIFFERENT 3339 02:37:59,870 --> 02:38:01,471 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALCOHOL TO 3340 02:38:01,471 --> 02:38:02,139 IMPACT CELL BIOLOGY. 3341 02:38:02,139 --> 02:38:07,878 CERTAINLY THE OTHER IN TERMS OF 3342 02:38:07,878 --> 02:38:10,781 THE LIVER WITH SOME PEOPLE BEING 3343 02:38:10,781 --> 02:38:11,848 RESPONDING A CERTAIN WAYS TO 3344 02:38:11,848 --> 02:38:14,418 ALCOHOL ABUSE AND OTHERS NOT, 3345 02:38:14,418 --> 02:38:15,385 EVERY CELL IS DIFFERENT. 3346 02:38:15,385 --> 02:38:19,623 THEY LOOK ALIKE BUT THE 3347 02:38:19,623 --> 02:38:20,257 TRANSCRIPTOME IS DIFFERENT AND 3348 02:38:20,257 --> 02:38:23,894 THE MITOCHONDRIA COULD BE VERY 3349 02:38:23,894 --> 02:38:24,327 DIFFERENT. 3350 02:38:24,327 --> 02:38:25,796 THERE WILL BE DISTINCTIONS 3351 02:38:25,796 --> 02:38:34,237 GENERATED BY THESE ORGANELLES 3352 02:38:34,237 --> 02:38:39,109 WHETHER NUCLEAR DNA OR OTHER 3353 02:38:39,109 --> 02:38:42,312 FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS 3354 02:38:42,312 --> 02:38:43,814 OF THE SINGLE CELL BIOLOGY AND 3355 02:38:43,814 --> 02:38:44,481 CHARACTERIZING OF THESE WITHIN 3356 02:38:44,481 --> 02:38:44,948 DIFFERENT CELLS. 3357 02:38:44,948 --> 02:38:46,716 THE LIVER IS A GREAT EXAMPLE. 3358 02:38:46,716 --> 02:38:48,885 YOU'RE RIGHT, MOST OF US THINK 3359 02:38:48,885 --> 02:38:51,888 OF LIVER CELLS AS BEING 3360 02:38:51,888 --> 02:39:01,331 RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS AND WE'RE 3361 02:39:01,331 --> 02:39:03,166 ALWAYS TRYING TO COMBINE WHAT 3362 02:39:03,166 --> 02:39:05,836 WE'RE DOING GENOMICALLY TO 3363 02:39:05,836 --> 02:39:07,904 FUNCTION AND YOU CAN SEE WHAT'S 3364 02:39:07,904 --> 02:39:09,806 CAUSING THE FUNCTIONS. 3365 02:39:09,806 --> 02:39:13,610 >> THERE YOU GO, CATHY, ANOTHER 3366 02:39:13,610 --> 02:39:18,715 LEVEL OF ANALYSIS FOR PEOPLE WHO 3367 02:39:18,715 --> 02:39:23,653 SEND IN GRANTS. 3368 02:39:23,653 --> 02:39:25,355 I ALWAYS DOMINATE QUESTIONS 3369 02:39:25,355 --> 02:39:26,156 BECAUSE I'M SO CURIOUS BUT DOES 3370 02:39:26,156 --> 02:39:29,092 ANYONE HAVE QUESTIONS. 3371 02:39:29,092 --> 02:39:31,495 >> I THOUGHT IT WAS WONDERFUL 3372 02:39:31,495 --> 02:39:34,130 HOW YOU POINTED OUT HOW WE'RE 3373 02:39:34,130 --> 02:39:35,899 BEGINNING TO UNDERSTAND THE SUB 3374 02:39:35,899 --> 02:39:37,767 CELLULAR ORGANELLES. 3375 02:39:37,767 --> 02:39:41,805 NEW ONES ARE BEING DESCRIBED. 3376 02:39:41,805 --> 02:39:47,244 ALSO YOU MATE WANT TO IF YOU 3377 02:39:47,244 --> 02:39:50,113 COULD TOUCH ON PHASE SEPARATION 3378 02:39:50,113 --> 02:39:52,349 WITHIN CELLS AND ORGANELLE AND 3379 02:39:52,349 --> 02:39:53,517 IN PARTICULAR FOR NEURONS ON 3380 02:39:53,517 --> 02:39:56,353 WHAT WE'RE LEARNING ABOUT THE 3381 02:39:56,353 --> 02:39:58,722 PRIMARY CILIUM AND WHETHER 3382 02:39:58,722 --> 02:39:59,322 THERE'S LOCAL TRANSCRIPTION 3383 02:39:59,322 --> 02:39:59,890 THERE. 3384 02:39:59,890 --> 02:40:05,829 THANK YOU. 3385 02:40:05,829 --> 02:40:07,898 >> I ALWAYS GET GOOD THOUGHTFUL 3386 02:40:07,898 --> 02:40:08,632 QUESTIONS FROM YOU. 3387 02:40:08,632 --> 02:40:09,432 THANK YOU. 3388 02:40:09,432 --> 02:40:12,369 WE CAN ENVISION MITOCHONDRIA. 3389 02:40:12,369 --> 02:40:22,879 IT HAS A DOUBLE MEMBRANE LIKE 3390 02:40:23,914 --> 02:40:27,217 PLASMA AND WE HAVE RIBOSOMES 3391 02:40:27,217 --> 02:40:33,056 THOUGHT OF AS MEMORILESS 3392 02:40:33,056 --> 02:40:33,356 ORGANELLES. 3393 02:40:33,356 --> 02:40:43,967 THEY THERE'S ORGANIZED INTO 3394 02:40:43,967 --> 02:40:46,303 FUNCTIONAL UNITS. 3395 02:40:46,303 --> 02:40:52,776 AND SO I THINK THE TYPES ONE 3396 02:40:52,776 --> 02:40:55,745 GETS IN TERMS OF THE 3397 02:40:55,745 --> 02:40:56,913 DISTINCTIONED THEY'LL BE TONS OF 3398 02:40:56,913 --> 02:40:58,281 THEM AND PEOPLE TALK ABOUT 3399 02:40:58,281 --> 02:40:59,883 STRESS GRANULES. 3400 02:40:59,883 --> 02:41:03,286 WE ALREADY KNOW THERE'S AT 3401 02:41:03,286 --> 02:41:06,389 LATEST 15 SUB CLASS OF STRESS 3402 02:41:06,389 --> 02:41:06,656 GRANULES. 3403 02:41:06,656 --> 02:41:07,958 THERE'LL BE A REAL SPECIFICITY 3404 02:41:07,958 --> 02:41:09,292 TO ALL OF THAT THAT'S GOING TO 3405 02:41:09,292 --> 02:41:15,298 BE IMPORTANT. 3406 02:41:15,298 --> 02:41:18,501 IS SECOND QUESTION? 3407 02:41:18,501 --> 02:41:21,304 >> WAS ABOUT THE PRIMARY CILIUM? 3408 02:41:21,304 --> 02:41:24,674 >> THE PRIMARY CILIUM IS AN AREA 3409 02:41:24,674 --> 02:41:26,776 WHERE ON THE CELL YOU CAN START 3410 02:41:26,776 --> 02:41:29,579 IT GET PROTRUSIONS FROM THE 3411 02:41:29,579 --> 02:41:30,714 CELL. 3412 02:41:30,714 --> 02:41:33,283 THE BASE IS AN ORGANELLE TO GET 3413 02:41:33,283 --> 02:41:34,117 TRANSLATION OF RNAs. 3414 02:41:34,117 --> 02:41:37,721 WE'VE DONE THAT AND IDENTIFIED 3415 02:41:37,721 --> 02:41:42,392 ALL AT THE BASE OF THE CILIUM 3416 02:41:42,392 --> 02:41:49,666 AND WE'VE USED A TECHNIQUE AND 3417 02:41:49,666 --> 02:41:55,138 WE HAVEN'T SHOWN FUNCTIONALLY 3418 02:41:55,138 --> 02:41:56,239 BURT THERE'S SPECIFICITY IN 3419 02:41:56,239 --> 02:42:06,716 TARGETING OF THE MOLECULES. 3420 02:42:27,270 --> 02:42:30,473 >> WE'RE IN THE PROCESS OF 3421 02:42:30,473 --> 02:42:31,875 SUBMITTING A PAPER DOING SINGLE 3422 02:42:31,875 --> 02:42:34,077 CELL TRANSCRIPTOME IN THE SAME 3423 02:42:34,077 --> 02:42:37,347 CELL AND COMBINING PROCEDURES. 3424 02:42:37,347 --> 02:42:39,282 JONATHAN HAS BEEN INTERESTED IN 3425 02:42:39,282 --> 02:42:40,850 THE PROTEOME AS OTHERS HAVE. 3426 02:42:40,850 --> 02:42:42,752 WE JUST CAN'T DO IT TO THE LEVEL 3427 02:42:42,752 --> 02:42:44,054 OF MASS SPEC NOW. 3428 02:42:44,054 --> 02:42:45,355 THERE'S OTHER PROCEDURES THAT 3429 02:42:45,355 --> 02:42:47,057 ALLOW US TO LOOK AT 3430 02:42:47,057 --> 02:42:48,591 SUBPOPULATIONS OF PROTEINS AND 3431 02:42:48,591 --> 02:42:50,093 YOU CAN USE ANTIBODIES. 3432 02:42:50,093 --> 02:42:51,761 THE ANTIBODIES HAVE A WHOLE SET 3433 02:42:51,761 --> 02:42:52,462 OF PROBLEMS. 3434 02:42:52,462 --> 02:42:55,131 SOME ARE GOOD, SOME AREN'T. 3435 02:42:55,131 --> 02:42:56,933 YOU CAN LOOK AT THOSE USING A 3436 02:42:56,933 --> 02:42:59,602 VARIETY OF OTHER PROCEDURES. 3437 02:42:59,602 --> 02:43:01,337 WE ARE NOT ANYWHERE NEAR BEING 3438 02:43:01,337 --> 02:43:03,473 ABLE TO DO THE PROTEOME. 3439 02:43:03,473 --> 02:43:09,045 YOU CAN DO THE PEPTIDOME AND 3440 02:43:09,045 --> 02:43:10,513 THEY CAN BE CUT INTO SMALL 3441 02:43:10,513 --> 02:43:12,615 PEPTIDES AND MANY CAN BE 3442 02:43:12,615 --> 02:43:15,719 DETECTED MY MASS SPEC. 3443 02:43:15,719 --> 02:43:18,121 BUT BIO CHEMICALLY, WE REALLY 3444 02:43:18,121 --> 02:43:19,055 CAN'T DO THE PROTEOME YET. 3445 02:43:19,055 --> 02:43:20,223 PEOPLE ARE TRYING. 3446 02:43:20,223 --> 02:43:21,825 I THINK THE MOST WE'VE BEEN ABLE 3447 02:43:21,825 --> 02:43:24,961 TO LOOK AT THUS FAR IS ON THE 3448 02:43:24,961 --> 02:43:27,564 ORDER OF ABOUT 700 PROTEINS FOR 3449 02:43:27,564 --> 02:43:28,364 AN INDIVIDUAL CELL. 3450 02:43:28,364 --> 02:43:30,967 THE LATEST DATA I'VE SEEN. 3451 02:43:30,967 --> 02:43:32,702 IT'S MUCH LESS THAN THE 3452 02:43:32,702 --> 02:43:33,837 COMPLEXITY OF THE PROTEINS 3453 02:43:33,837 --> 02:43:35,338 PRESENT IN THE CELL AND THAT'S 3454 02:43:35,338 --> 02:43:39,375 WORSE THAN RNA BECAUSE THE 3455 02:43:39,375 --> 02:43:43,213 PROTEINS HAVE PHOSPHORYLATION 3456 02:43:43,213 --> 02:43:44,414 AND CHANGES IN FUNCTIONING. 3457 02:43:44,414 --> 02:43:45,348 WE UNFORTUNATELY HAVE A WAYS TO 3458 02:43:45,348 --> 02:43:53,189 GO. 3459 02:43:53,189 --> 02:43:55,191 >> WE'LL HAVE TO MOVE ON BECAUSE 3460 02:43:55,191 --> 02:43:57,193 OF OUR TIME SCHEDULE BUT I 3461 02:43:57,193 --> 02:43:59,362 WANTED JIM TO SPEAK BECAUSE HE'S 3462 02:43:59,362 --> 02:44:03,399 BEEN SUCH A GREAT SUPPORTER OF 3463 02:44:03,399 --> 02:44:08,738 NIAAA AND INTERACTION WITH THE 3464 02:44:08,738 --> 02:44:18,982 BRAIN PROGRAM. 3465 02:44:20,250 --> 02:44:24,621 I THINK ALL LISTENING IN ON ZOOM 3466 02:44:24,621 --> 02:44:26,556 KNOW HOW TO FIND THEM AND HE'D 3467 02:44:26,556 --> 02:44:29,492 BE HAPPY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS. 3468 02:44:29,492 --> 02:44:30,293 UNLESS ANOTHER COUNCIL MEMBER 3469 02:44:30,293 --> 02:44:40,804 HAS A QUESTION WE'LL MOVE ON. 3470 02:45:09,032 --> 02:45:10,300 >> YOU'VE KNOWN MICHAEL SINCE 3471 02:45:10,300 --> 02:45:15,338 BOTH OF US HAVE BEEN KNEE HIGH 3472 02:45:15,338 --> 02:45:16,139 TO A BULL FROG. 3473 02:45:16,139 --> 02:45:19,309 AND SOME OF YOU KNOW ABOUT OUR 3474 02:45:19,309 --> 02:45:23,713 HARRY JUNE AWARD WE DO WITH ACMP 3475 02:45:23,713 --> 02:45:28,852 FOR A TRAVEL FELLOWSHIP EVERY 3476 02:45:28,852 --> 02:45:34,257 YEAR AND HE WAS HARRY'S MENTOR. 3477 02:45:34,257 --> 02:45:37,293 HE PASSED TOO EARLY BUT WAS A 3478 02:45:37,293 --> 02:45:38,294 BRILLIANT YOUNG MAN DOING OUT OF 3479 02:45:38,294 --> 02:45:38,728 THE BOX THINGS. 3480 02:45:38,728 --> 02:45:47,270 MICHAEL TRAUAUGHT HIM HOW TO DO 3481 02:45:47,270 --> 02:45:47,904 THINGS. 3482 02:45:47,904 --> 02:45:51,441 HE'S A PROFESSOR AT HUNTER 3483 02:45:51,441 --> 02:45:55,111 COLLEGE AND CITY UNIVERSITY IN 3484 02:45:55,111 --> 02:45:57,447 NEW YORK BIO PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAM 3485 02:45:57,447 --> 02:46:07,991 AND BEHAVIORAL NEURAL SCIENTIST. 3486 02:46:19,969 --> 02:46:25,208 AND MICHAEL WILL TALK ABOUT GLP 3487 02:46:25,208 --> 02:46:30,013 1 OR ALLUDE TO IT AND WE'VE BEEN 3488 02:46:30,013 --> 02:46:32,916 DOING IN THAT RESEARCH AND 3489 02:46:32,916 --> 02:46:37,520 SHOWED THE OPIOID NEURO PEPTIDE 3490 02:46:37,520 --> 02:46:41,958 SYSTEMS PLAY AFFECT DEVELOPMENT 3491 02:46:41,958 --> 02:46:43,593 INDEPENDENCE AND LOOK AT WHO 3492 02:46:43,593 --> 02:46:46,262 WILL RELATED LEARNING AND 3493 02:46:46,262 --> 02:46:46,529 DEFICITS. 3494 02:46:46,529 --> 02:46:48,431 ANOTHER RESEARCH EFFORT IS TO 3495 02:46:48,431 --> 02:46:50,033 EXAMINE THE ROLE OF NEURAL 3496 02:46:50,033 --> 02:46:54,404 BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM THAT LOOK AT 3497 02:46:54,404 --> 02:46:58,241 THE RELATIONSHIP TO THE 3498 02:46:58,241 --> 02:47:00,343 DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY AND BINGE 3499 02:47:00,343 --> 02:47:02,779 EATING AND ANOREXIA. 3500 02:47:02,779 --> 02:47:06,215 HE WAS FORMERLY AHEAD OF NEURAL 3501 02:47:06,215 --> 02:47:07,917 SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY DOCTORAL 3502 02:47:07,917 --> 02:47:12,088 PROGRAM AT CITY INVESTIGATION 3503 02:47:12,088 --> 02:47:13,456 UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AND HAS 3504 02:47:13,456 --> 02:47:19,595 BEEN A GREAT MENTOR OVER THE 3505 02:47:19,595 --> 02:47:19,796 YEARS. 3506 02:47:19,796 --> 02:47:27,003 AND HE'S ALWAYS BEEN A GREAT 3507 02:47:27,003 --> 02:47:29,105 COLLEAGUE FOR ME FOR SOUNDING 3508 02:47:29,105 --> 02:47:30,506 OFF IDEAS. 3509 02:47:30,506 --> 02:47:36,012 I HOPE THE FEELING IS MUTUAL. 3510 02:47:36,012 --> 02:47:39,449 BUT I THINK WE TALKED ABOUT 3511 02:47:39,449 --> 02:47:42,085 MOTIVATIONAL OUT OF THE BOX KIND 3512 02:47:42,085 --> 02:47:44,053 OF APPROACHES TO OUR SCIENCE. 3513 02:47:44,053 --> 02:47:46,189 I THINK THAT'S THE WAY I LOOK AT 3514 02:47:46,189 --> 02:47:47,223 MICHAEL. 3515 02:47:47,223 --> 02:47:51,461 HE'S WILLING TO DO THE OUT OF 3516 02:47:51,461 --> 02:47:56,699 THE BOX EXPERIMENTS AND NOT 3517 02:47:56,699 --> 02:47:59,469 FOLLOW THE REGULAR PATH. 3518 02:47:59,469 --> 02:48:01,304 I'M HOPEFUL HE'LL TELL US ABOUT 3519 02:48:01,304 --> 02:48:03,906 HIS WORK INTERACTION WITH 3520 02:48:03,906 --> 02:48:04,407 FEEDING BEHAVIOR. 3521 02:48:04,407 --> 02:48:06,275 IT'S ALL YOURS, MICHAEL. 3522 02:48:06,275 --> 02:48:07,343 >> THANK YOU, GEORGE FOR THE 3523 02:48:07,343 --> 02:48:13,816 KIND INTRODUCTION. 3524 02:48:13,816 --> 02:48:15,118 I'VE LEARNED A LOT IN THE LAST 3525 02:48:15,118 --> 02:48:15,952 COUPLE TALKS. 3526 02:48:15,952 --> 02:48:18,388 IT'S BEEN A VERY DIFFERENT 3527 02:48:18,388 --> 02:48:19,455 APPROACH TO GETTING AT ALCOHOL 3528 02:48:19,455 --> 02:48:22,859 PROBLEMS AND IT'S GOING BACK A 3529 02:48:22,859 --> 02:48:26,229 WAYS LOOKING AT HOW A NUMBER OF 3530 02:48:26,229 --> 02:48:30,099 US CAME TO DO ALCOHOL RESEARCH. 3531 02:48:30,099 --> 02:48:31,167 DOING ALCOHOL RESEARCH HAS BEEN 3532 02:48:31,167 --> 02:48:31,567 VERY DIFFICULT. 3533 02:48:31,567 --> 02:48:37,173 SOME MODELS WE'VE HAD TO WORK 3534 02:48:37,173 --> 02:48:39,542 WITH OVER TIME IN NEURAL 3535 02:48:39,542 --> 02:48:40,743 PHARMACOLOGY HAVE NOT EMBRACED 3536 02:48:40,743 --> 02:48:43,913 ALCOHOL ALL THAT WELL AND IT 3537 02:48:43,913 --> 02:48:44,781 HASN'T REALLY FIGHT INTO A LOT 3538 02:48:44,781 --> 02:48:46,149 OF THE MODELS. 3539 02:48:46,149 --> 02:48:47,683 THAT'S WHERE I'M COMING FROM IN 3540 02:48:47,683 --> 02:48:49,585 TERMED OF MY BACKGROUND. 3541 02:48:49,585 --> 02:48:53,122 THAT'S WHERE I MET HARRY JUNE 3542 02:48:53,122 --> 02:48:54,190 AND HE WAS IN THE SAME SITUATION 3543 02:48:54,190 --> 02:48:59,662 AND WE WERE STUDYING OTHER 3544 02:48:59,662 --> 02:49:03,366 THINGS BUT THERE WERE A VARIETY 3545 02:49:03,366 --> 02:49:04,267 OF RESEARCH WITH ALCOHOL. 3546 02:49:04,267 --> 02:49:09,539 I'LL TAKE YOU THROUGH HOW WE 3547 02:49:09,539 --> 02:49:11,908 CAME TO DO INTERESTING 3548 02:49:11,908 --> 02:49:18,047 EXPERIMENTS THAT HAD EMPHASIZED 3549 02:49:18,047 --> 02:49:19,449 BASIC AREAS IN BEHAVIORAL NEURAL 3550 02:49:19,449 --> 02:49:20,483 SCIENCE AND DEPARTMENTS AND 3551 02:49:20,483 --> 02:49:25,154 PROGRAMS I WAS IN LOOKING AT 3552 02:49:25,154 --> 02:49:28,224 MECHANISMS INVOLVED WITH FOOD 3553 02:49:28,224 --> 02:49:30,960 INTAKE, NUTRITION AND 3554 02:49:30,960 --> 02:49:33,229 REINFORCEMENT REALLY REWARD AND 3555 02:49:33,229 --> 02:49:33,629 REWARD SYMPTOMS. 3556 02:49:33,629 --> 02:49:39,869 I'M GOING TO TAKE YOU BACK TOE 3557 02:49:39,869 --> 02:49:42,171 LOOK AT SOME OF THOSE THINGS 3558 02:49:42,171 --> 02:49:43,673 RAND WHERE HARRY JUNE FIT IN AND 3559 02:49:43,673 --> 02:49:47,643 SOME OF THE NAMES GEORGE 3560 02:49:47,643 --> 02:49:48,878 MENTIONED EARLIER ABOUT KEN 3561 02:49:48,878 --> 02:49:51,147 WARREN AND A VARIETY OF OTHERS 3562 02:49:51,147 --> 02:49:52,482 NOT WITH US NOW. 3563 02:49:52,482 --> 02:49:54,283 I'M GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT 3564 02:49:54,283 --> 02:49:55,818 ANOTHER PERSON WHO IS NOT WITH 3565 02:49:55,818 --> 02:50:04,360 US NOW AND THAT'S HARRY JUNE. 3566 02:50:04,360 --> 02:50:09,065 IT'S AN INTERESTING TOUR OF 3567 02:50:09,065 --> 02:50:11,300 TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW ALCOHOL 3568 02:50:11,300 --> 02:50:12,168 INTERACTS WITH OUR BASIC 3569 02:50:12,168 --> 02:50:13,035 SYSTEMS. 3570 02:50:13,035 --> 02:50:19,475 AND THINKING HOW TO TALK ABOUT 3571 02:50:19,475 --> 02:50:26,616 THESE DIFFERENT TOPICS I LOOKED 3572 02:50:26,616 --> 02:50:28,017 AT A VARIETY OF OTHER SPEAKERS 3573 02:50:28,017 --> 02:50:29,952 TO DISCUSS THEIR WORK. 3574 02:50:29,952 --> 02:50:35,858 WHAT CAME TO MIND WAS A RECENT 3575 02:50:35,858 --> 02:50:39,028 PRESENTATION BUT DAVID CARRIGAN 3576 02:50:39,028 --> 02:50:39,662 WHO GAVE AN INTERESTING 3577 02:50:39,662 --> 02:50:47,603 DISCUSSION OF HIS RESEARCH AT 3578 02:50:47,603 --> 02:50:50,473 INDIANA LOOKING AT REWARD AND 3579 02:50:50,473 --> 02:50:55,645 COMPETITIVE MECHANISMS AND HOW 3580 02:50:55,645 --> 02:50:57,547 THOSE MECHANISMS HAVE FIT IN 3581 02:50:57,547 --> 02:50:58,881 WITH MORE RECENT RESEARCH WITH 3582 02:50:58,881 --> 02:51:01,417 THE EXECUTIVE CENTERS OF THE 3583 02:51:01,417 --> 02:51:01,684 BRAIN. 3584 02:51:01,684 --> 02:51:04,053 THE DUALITY AND TALKING ABOUT 3585 02:51:04,053 --> 02:51:14,597 THEM AS MECHANISMS LIKE DOCTOR 3586 02:51:17,166 --> 02:51:19,869 DOLITTLE PUSH MY, PULL YOU WAY 3587 02:51:19,869 --> 02:51:22,838 OF APPROACHING THE DUALITIES 3588 02:51:22,838 --> 02:51:27,944 THAT EXIST IN UNDERSTANDING 3589 02:51:27,944 --> 02:51:30,379 REWARD AND UNDERSTANDING THE 3590 02:51:30,379 --> 02:51:40,623 REWARD SYSTEM. 3591 02:51:48,431 --> 02:51:49,498 WE'VE EMPHASIZED THE REWARD AND 3592 02:51:49,498 --> 02:51:51,701 DRIVE MECHANISMS VERSUS 3593 02:51:51,701 --> 02:51:52,868 INCENTIVE MECHANISMS. 3594 02:51:52,868 --> 02:51:54,637 THIS IS CLASSIC PSYCHOLOGY. 3595 02:51:54,637 --> 02:51:57,740 LOOKING AT THOSE KINDS OF 3596 02:51:57,740 --> 02:52:02,812 MECHANISMS TO TRY AND UNDERSTAND 3597 02:52:02,812 --> 02:52:07,083 ALCOHOL IT'S SOMETHING A LOT OF 3598 02:52:07,083 --> 02:52:13,990 US ENJOY. 3599 02:52:13,990 --> 02:52:17,193 IT'S ONE OF THOSE MYSTERIOUS 3600 02:52:17,193 --> 02:52:22,064 PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS THAT'S VERY 3601 02:52:22,064 --> 02:52:22,298 UNIQUE. 3602 02:52:22,298 --> 02:52:25,401 DOES ANYONE KNOW WHY IN TERMS OF 3603 02:52:25,401 --> 02:52:27,370 NEURAL PHARMACOLOGY? 3604 02:52:27,370 --> 02:52:30,106 BECAUSE IT'S NOT ONLY A 3605 02:52:30,106 --> 02:52:35,177 PHARMACOLOGIC AGENT, IT'S A 3606 02:52:35,177 --> 02:52:37,446 FOOD. 3607 02:52:37,446 --> 02:52:45,388 IT'S A CALORICALLY DENSED FOOD 3608 02:52:45,388 --> 02:52:52,862 AND ALCOHOL IS INVOLVED WITH OUR 3609 02:52:52,862 --> 02:52:54,764 BEST OF LIFE SOME SOCIAL EVENTS 3610 02:52:54,764 --> 02:52:58,100 AND A WIDE VARIETY OF THINGS AND 3611 02:52:58,100 --> 02:53:06,375 IT'S A CHEMICAL THAT IS NOT VERY 3612 02:53:06,375 --> 02:53:06,609 COMPLEX. 3613 02:53:06,609 --> 02:53:09,578 I GAVE A TALK IN BORDEAUX ONE 3614 02:53:09,578 --> 02:53:11,047 TIME HAVING A DISCUSSION ABOUT 3615 02:53:11,047 --> 02:53:14,417 ALCOHOL AND ONE OF THE FAMOUS 3616 02:53:14,417 --> 02:53:16,485 PEOPLE IN THE ALCOHOL FIELD 3617 02:53:16,485 --> 02:53:18,421 TALKED ABOUT ALCOHOL AS BEING 3618 02:53:18,421 --> 02:53:21,324 ONE OF THESE INTERESTING SMALL 3619 02:53:21,324 --> 02:53:23,859 MOLECULES THAT GETS EVERYWHERE 3620 02:53:23,859 --> 02:53:24,760 AND MESSES UP EVERYTHING EXCEPT 3621 02:53:24,760 --> 02:53:27,930 HE DIDN'T SAY MESSES UP. 3622 02:53:27,930 --> 02:53:30,466 IT INDEED SEEMS TO BE THAT 3623 02:53:30,466 --> 02:53:30,800 COMPOUND. 3624 02:53:30,800 --> 02:53:33,769 THAT'S CAUSED A LAG IN OUR 3625 02:53:33,769 --> 02:53:34,370 UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT'S GOING 3626 02:53:34,370 --> 02:53:36,072 ON. 3627 02:53:36,072 --> 02:53:37,773 SOME THINGS I'LL TALK ABOUT HAVE 3628 02:53:37,773 --> 02:53:43,913 TO DO WITH OTHER PHARMACOLOGIC 3629 02:53:43,913 --> 02:53:47,917 AGENTS SUCH AS AMPHETAMINE AND 3630 02:53:47,917 --> 02:53:49,685 PSYCHOTICS AND USING METHODS IN 3631 02:53:49,685 --> 02:53:51,787 THAT AREA HAVE NOT BEEN ALL THAT 3632 02:53:51,787 --> 02:54:01,997 SUCCESSFUL. 3633 02:54:24,854 --> 02:54:28,057 THERE'S A MEMORIAM TO LARRY AND 3634 02:54:28,057 --> 02:54:30,826 IT'S APPEARED IN NATURE 3635 02:54:30,826 --> 02:54:33,562 PUBLICATIONS FROM THE RSA AND OF 3636 02:54:33,562 --> 02:54:35,398 COURSE HOWARD UNIVERSITY WHERE 3637 02:54:35,398 --> 02:54:37,032 HARRY WAS TRAINED AND ULTIMATELY 3638 02:54:37,032 --> 02:54:39,268 ENDED UP IN TERMS OF HIS CAREER. 3639 02:54:39,268 --> 02:54:41,971 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT HOW HARRY 3640 02:54:41,971 --> 02:54:43,906 AND I INTERACTED IN TERMS OF 3641 02:54:43,906 --> 02:54:52,114 DOING RESEARCH OVER THE YEARS. 3642 02:54:52,114 --> 02:54:54,717 HE WAS MY STUDENT PUT WENT ON TO 3643 02:54:54,717 --> 02:54:55,851 WORK AT OTHER LOCATIONS. 3644 02:54:55,851 --> 02:54:58,654 I JUST HEARD ABOUT SOME OTHERS. 3645 02:54:58,654 --> 02:55:05,694 OUR LOSS OF KEN WARREN ALSO 3646 02:55:05,694 --> 02:55:06,896 IMPORTANT PLAYING A ROLE IN SOME 3647 02:55:06,896 --> 02:55:08,431 OF THE RESEARCH I'M GOING TO 3648 02:55:08,431 --> 02:55:09,832 TALK ABOUT. 3649 02:55:09,832 --> 02:55:20,209 I'LL TALK ABOUT THOSE. 3650 02:55:22,244 --> 02:55:23,412 TO THE RESEARCH GOES TO 3651 02:55:23,412 --> 02:55:27,817 UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON WITH 3652 02:55:27,817 --> 02:55:28,250 REW 3653 02:55:28,250 --> 02:55:29,985 REWARD SYSTEMS IN THE BRAIN. 3654 02:55:29,985 --> 02:55:33,889 I BEGAN DOING RESEARCH THAT 3655 02:55:33,889 --> 02:55:38,494 FOCUSSED ON AN INTERESTING 3656 02:55:38,494 --> 02:55:43,466 DISCOVERY BY RESEARCHERS AT 3657 02:55:43,466 --> 02:55:50,406 McGILL UNIVERSITY AND THEY WERE 3658 02:55:50,406 --> 02:55:52,041 TRYING TO INFORMATION THE LIMBIC 3659 02:55:52,041 --> 02:55:55,144 SYSTEM AND DOING EXPERIMENTS. 3660 02:55:55,144 --> 02:55:59,915 OLDS WAS TRAINED IN CLINICAL 3661 02:55:59,915 --> 02:56:02,585 PSYCHOLOGY AT HARVARD AND PETER 3662 02:56:02,585 --> 02:56:04,119 MILNER HAD BEEN TRAINED AT 3663 02:56:04,119 --> 02:56:06,422 McGILL. 3664 02:56:06,422 --> 02:56:11,927 THEY HAD GOTTEN TOGETHER TO 3665 02:56:11,927 --> 02:56:14,563 START PROBING THE LIMBIC SYSTEM. 3666 02:56:14,563 --> 02:56:18,167 IT WAS SOMETHING INVOLVED WITH 3667 02:56:18,167 --> 02:56:19,235 EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR AND WE HAD 3668 02:56:19,235 --> 02:56:21,804 MAYBE 30 OR 40 YEARS OF RESEARCH 3669 02:56:21,804 --> 02:56:29,712 IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM. 3670 02:56:29,712 --> 02:56:31,480 THEY WERE MESSING AROUND IN THE 3671 02:56:31,480 --> 02:56:33,816 LAB TRYING TO SEE WHAT GOES ON 3672 02:56:33,816 --> 02:56:35,651 IF YOU STIMULATE VARIOUS AREAS 3673 02:56:35,651 --> 02:56:37,152 OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM. 3674 02:56:37,152 --> 02:56:47,663 THIS IS A DIAGRAM I WAS GIVEN 3675 02:56:54,904 --> 02:56:57,172 AND THIS SHOWS THE INITIAL 3676 02:56:57,172 --> 02:57:03,112 EXPERIMENTS BETWEEN OLDS AND 3677 02:57:03,112 --> 02:57:09,818 MILNER LOOKING AT ACTIVITIES IN 3678 02:57:09,818 --> 02:57:11,921 THE LIMBIC SYSTEM AND SAW 3679 02:57:11,921 --> 02:57:12,388 BEHAVIORS THEY DIDN'T 3680 02:57:12,388 --> 02:57:15,291 UNDERSTAND. 3681 02:57:15,291 --> 02:57:17,927 THEY EXPECTED TO SEE STIMULUS 3682 02:57:17,927 --> 02:57:20,095 BEHAVIORS AND 340E6789 3683 02:57:22,331 --> 02:57:25,301 MOVEMENT THE ANIMAL WOULD ENGAGE 3684 02:57:25,301 --> 02:57:26,969 WITH AND OLDS RECOGNIZED THE 3685 02:57:26,969 --> 02:57:28,604 ANIMAL SEEMED TO BE GOING BACK 3686 02:57:28,604 --> 02:57:39,148 TO WHERE THEY GOT ELECTRICALLY 3687 02:57:40,416 --> 02:57:42,952 STIMULATED AND MAYBE WE WERE ON 3688 02:57:42,952 --> 02:57:44,253 TO SOMETHING RESEARCH HADN'T 3689 02:57:44,253 --> 02:57:44,920 GOTTEN AT. 3690 02:57:44,920 --> 02:57:47,156 MOST THE RESEARCH IN THE LIMBIC 3691 02:57:47,156 --> 02:57:47,923 SYSTEM YIELDED INFORMATION ABOUT 3692 02:57:47,923 --> 02:57:52,194 THE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS. 3693 02:57:52,194 --> 02:57:54,263 FEAR, AGGRESSION AND A WIDE 3694 02:57:54,263 --> 02:57:57,900 RANGE BUT VIRTUALLY NO STUDIES 3695 02:57:57,900 --> 02:58:01,203 UP THESE KINDS OF EXPERIMENT 3696 02:58:01,203 --> 02:58:02,504 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HUMANS 3697 02:58:02,504 --> 02:58:13,148 THAT COULD BE INTERPRET ED AS 3698 02:58:14,350 --> 02:58:16,552 GETTING AT THE REWARD SYSTEM AND 3699 02:58:16,552 --> 02:58:20,522 MAYBE WE WERE TAPPING INTO 3700 02:58:20,522 --> 02:58:20,956 MOTIVATING BEHAVIOR. 3701 02:58:20,956 --> 02:58:25,227 HE SHIFT THE MODEL TO SOMETHING 3702 02:58:25,227 --> 02:58:26,662 MORE OBVIOUSLY CONDITIONING AND 3703 02:58:26,662 --> 02:58:34,837 GETTING AT REWARD FUNCTIONS. 3704 02:58:34,837 --> 02:58:37,272 HIS EXPERIMENT INVOLVED MOVING 3705 02:58:37,272 --> 02:58:39,108 THE SITUATION FROM THE OPEN 3706 02:58:39,108 --> 02:58:39,842 FIELD INTO THE CLASSIC SKINNER 3707 02:58:39,842 --> 02:58:41,577 BOX. 3708 02:58:41,577 --> 02:58:47,483 WHEN HE DID THAT HE WAS ABLE TO 3709 02:58:47,483 --> 02:58:49,618 DEMONST 3710 02:58:49,618 --> 02:58:54,890 DEMONSTRATE DISCREET RESPONSES 3711 02:58:54,890 --> 02:58:55,924 COULD HAVE CURRENT DELIVERS TO 3712 02:58:55,924 --> 02:58:57,259 SPECIFIC AREAS OF THE BRAIN. 3713 02:58:57,259 --> 02:58:58,994 HE SET ABOUT TRYING TO 3714 02:58:58,994 --> 02:59:00,763 UNDERSTAND THIS AND DID BRAIN 3715 02:59:00,763 --> 02:59:05,234 MAPPING EARLY ON AND DID A WIDE 3716 02:59:05,234 --> 02:59:07,069 VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTS USING 3717 02:59:07,069 --> 02:59:09,872 TECHNIQUES WHERE THE REWARD 3718 02:59:09,872 --> 02:59:11,540 FUNCTIONS WERE MORE OBVIOUS. 3719 02:59:11,540 --> 02:59:16,779 THE INDIVIDUAL ENGAGED UP 3720 02:59:16,779 --> 02:59:20,149 MOVEMENTS AND ELECTRICAL 3721 02:59:20,149 --> 02:59:21,517 STIMULATION AND THE ANIMALS 3722 02:59:21,517 --> 02:59:22,885 INCREASED THE RESPONSES. 3723 02:59:22,885 --> 02:59:26,689 AS THE LOOK VERY MUCH LIKE THE 3724 02:59:26,689 --> 02:59:27,856 CLASSIC AFFERENT CONDITIONING 3725 02:59:27,856 --> 02:59:33,429 SKINNER TALKED ABOUT. 3726 02:59:33,429 --> 02:59:35,798 HE DID RESEARCH IN THE AREA AND 3727 02:59:35,798 --> 02:59:38,867 BECAME FAMOUS FOR IT AND BECAME 3728 02:59:38,867 --> 02:59:40,436 A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL 3729 02:59:40,436 --> 02:59:41,770 ACADEMIES AND A VARIETY OF 3730 02:59:41,770 --> 02:59:42,137 THING. 3731 02:59:42,137 --> 02:59:46,041 OLDS WORK WITH A NUMBER OF 3732 02:59:46,041 --> 02:59:49,311 PEOPLE AT HARVARD INCLUDING 3733 02:59:49,311 --> 02:59:49,611 SKINNER. 3734 02:59:49,611 --> 02:59:55,217 NOT SURE SKINNER WAS HIS MENTOR 3735 02:59:55,217 --> 03:00:03,892 BUT HE LEFT McGILL AND GOT AN 3736 03:00:03,892 --> 03:00:07,896 ACADEMIC POSITION AND STARTED 3737 03:00:07,896 --> 03:00:15,537 WORKING WITH THIS PERSON NAMED 3738 03:00:15,537 --> 03:00:17,973 DAVE MARGULES AND HE WAS HIS 3739 03:00:17,973 --> 03:00:21,110 MENTEE AND HE TURNED OUT TO BE A 3740 03:00:21,110 --> 03:00:22,478 VERY IMPORTANT PERSON IN THE 3741 03:00:22,478 --> 03:00:24,646 RESEARCH IN THIS AREA BECAUSE 3742 03:00:24,646 --> 03:00:31,920 THE TWO WORKED TOGETHER TO DO 3743 03:00:31,920 --> 03:00:34,022 RESEARCH SHOWING THE REWARD 3744 03:00:34,022 --> 03:00:36,291 SYSTEM OLDS FOUND WAS IN THE 3745 03:00:36,291 --> 03:00:39,928 MALTLY INVOLVED WITH FOOD 3746 03:00:39,928 --> 03:00:47,503 INTAKE. 3747 03:00:47,503 --> 03:00:53,142 AND HE PUBLISHED A PAPER LOOKING 3748 03:00:53,142 --> 03:00:55,077 AT IDENTICAL SITES IN THE BRAIN 3749 03:00:55,077 --> 03:00:56,678 THAT MEDIATE CELL STIMULATION. 3750 03:00:56,678 --> 03:01:03,919 THIS WAS PUBLISHED UP SCIENCE 3751 03:01:03,919 --> 03:01:09,358 AND BAG TO BACK WAS A MENTEE OF 3752 03:01:09,358 --> 03:01:11,426 A NOTED PHYSIO PSYCHOLOGIST AT 3753 03:01:11,426 --> 03:01:13,529 THE INVESTIGATION OF 3754 03:01:13,529 --> 03:01:14,496 PENNSYLVANIA. 3755 03:01:14,496 --> 03:01:17,466 THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED 3756 03:01:17,466 --> 03:01:19,268 TOGETHER SHOWING THAT THAT 3757 03:01:19,268 --> 03:01:21,036 REWARD SYSTEM WAS INTIMATELY 3758 03:01:21,036 --> 03:01:22,805 INVOLVED WITH FOOD INTAKE. 3759 03:01:22,805 --> 03:01:24,907 THERE SEEMED TO BE SOMETHING 3760 03:01:24,907 --> 03:01:26,775 UNIQUE ABOUT THE SITES WHERE YOU 3761 03:01:26,775 --> 03:01:31,246 GET THE BEST RESPONDING FOR 3762 03:01:31,246 --> 03:01:33,816 BRAIN STIMULATION THAT INVOLVED 3763 03:01:33,816 --> 03:01:38,287 THE FEEDING SYSTEMS. 3764 03:01:38,287 --> 03:01:43,625 WHEN MARGULES MOVED ON TO AN 3765 03:01:43,625 --> 03:01:45,994 ACADEMIC POSITION HE HAD AN 3766 03:01:45,994 --> 03:01:47,362 INTEREST IN STUDENTS AND ONE WAS 3767 03:01:47,362 --> 03:01:55,103 ME AND HE WAS MY MENTOR. 3768 03:01:55,103 --> 03:01:58,006 I MOVED IN HIS LAB AND WE 3769 03:01:58,006 --> 03:02:00,609 STARTED DOING BRAIN RESEARCH AND 3770 03:02:00,609 --> 03:02:02,177 LEARN ABOUT BRAIN STIMULATION 3771 03:02:02,177 --> 03:02:04,713 REWARD AND HE SAID NO, WE'RE NOT 3772 03:02:04,713 --> 03:02:05,280 DO THAT. 3773 03:02:05,280 --> 03:02:08,317 HE SAID WE'RE GOING TO 3774 03:02:08,317 --> 03:02:09,751 UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM 3775 03:02:09,751 --> 03:02:12,955 INVOLVED WITH CONTROLLING FOOD 3776 03:02:12,955 --> 03:02:14,456 INTAKE. 3777 03:02:14,456 --> 03:02:19,027 OUR FIRST PUBL CAKESES WERE 3778 03:02:19,027 --> 03:02:29,538 DOING FOOD INTAKE EXPERIMENTS. 3779 03:02:30,772 --> 03:02:32,441 HEAR WE HAVE THE FIRST 3780 03:02:32,441 --> 03:02:35,143 DISSERTATION WORK. 3781 03:02:35,143 --> 03:02:39,281 MY FIRST PUBLICATION WAS LOOKING 3782 03:02:39,281 --> 03:02:49,825 RAT HIPE -- HYPOTHALAMIC ROLE OF 3783 03:02:50,025 --> 03:02:51,894 FOOD INTAKE AND NOR EPINEPHRINE 3784 03:02:51,894 --> 03:02:53,896 AND CONTINUED DOING EXPERIMENTS 3785 03:02:53,896 --> 03:02:55,097 FOR SOME TIME. 3786 03:02:55,097 --> 03:02:57,466 EVENTUALLY I FINISHED WITH HIM 3787 03:02:57,466 --> 03:02:59,001 AND WE DID RESEARCH ON FOOD 3788 03:02:59,001 --> 03:03:01,770 INTAKE AND WITH S. 3789 03:03:01,770 --> 03:03:03,005 -- OPIOIDS IN PARTICULAR BEING 3790 03:03:03,005 --> 03:03:10,312 INVOLVED WITH FOOD INTAKE. 3791 03:03:10,312 --> 03:03:13,115 THIS LED TO A PUBLICATION THAT 3792 03:03:13,115 --> 03:03:15,951 LED ONCE I LEFT HIS LAB I WAS 3793 03:03:15,951 --> 03:03:20,622 WORKING AT ANOTHER INSTITUTION 3794 03:03:20,622 --> 03:03:28,931 TUFT'S UNIVERSITY AND WE WERE 3795 03:03:28,931 --> 03:03:30,132 DOING DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS AND 3796 03:03:30,132 --> 03:03:34,202 I WAS DOING A SIMILAR STUDY WITH 3797 03:03:34,202 --> 03:03:36,471 A RAT BOTH GENETICALLY OBESE 3798 03:03:36,471 --> 03:03:38,040 ANIMALS AND LOOKING AT THE 3799 03:03:38,040 --> 03:03:41,777 EFFECTS OF MANIPULATING THE 3800 03:03:41,777 --> 03:03:43,912 OPIOID SYSTEM AND IT'S EFFECTS 3801 03:03:43,912 --> 03:03:47,482 ON THE BEHAVIOR IN THE ANIMALS. 3802 03:03:47,482 --> 03:03:48,850 WE CONTINUED THIS RELATIONSHIP 3803 03:03:48,850 --> 03:03:51,920 BETWEEN FOOD INTAKE AND REWARD 3804 03:03:51,920 --> 03:03:59,061 FOR SOME TIME. 3805 03:03:59,061 --> 03:04:01,730 AFTER MOVING WITH DAVE I MOVED 3806 03:04:01,730 --> 03:04:04,499 TO DOING RESEARCH AT TUFT'S 3807 03:04:04,499 --> 03:04:07,903 UNIVERSITY WHERE THERE WAS AN 3808 03:04:07,903 --> 03:04:10,038 INCREASED INTEREST IN MECHANISMS 3809 03:04:10,038 --> 03:04:15,544 INVOLVED WITH REWARD. 3810 03:04:15,544 --> 03:04:22,050 I BEGAN WORKING WITH OTHERS IN 3811 03:04:22,050 --> 03:04:29,658 THE FIELD AND IN THE OPEN FIELD 3812 03:04:29,658 --> 03:04:31,927 AND IT BECAME KNOWN AS DEEP 3813 03:04:31,927 --> 03:04:33,395 BRAIN STIMULATION AND THAT 3814 03:04:33,395 --> 03:04:35,931 BECAME THEIR PRIMARY FOCUS WHERE 3815 03:04:35,931 --> 03:04:38,934 ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF BRAIN 3816 03:04:38,934 --> 03:04:42,571 AREAS ARE USED IN THERAPEUTIC 3817 03:04:42,571 --> 03:04:43,038 SITUATIONS. 3818 03:04:43,038 --> 03:04:48,410 THIS IS A RECENT ARTICLE LOOKING 3819 03:04:48,410 --> 03:04:51,113 AT DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION AND 3820 03:04:51,113 --> 03:04:55,083 DISCREET AREAS OF BRAIN AREAS IN 3821 03:04:55,083 --> 03:04:55,851 THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL RELATED 3822 03:04:55,851 --> 03:05:01,890 PROBLEMS. 3823 03:05:01,890 --> 03:05:03,992 IT'S BEEN AN ACCEPTED PARADIGM 3824 03:05:03,992 --> 03:05:06,395 AND ALLOWS US TO GET TO 3825 03:05:06,395 --> 03:05:07,896 IMPORTANT AREAS IN THE BRAIN 3826 03:05:07,896 --> 03:05:10,098 THAT ARE INVOLVED WITH 3827 03:05:10,098 --> 03:05:19,374 MOTIVATION AND REINFORCEMENT AND 3828 03:05:19,374 --> 03:05:23,378 I BEGAN DOING RESEARCH IN THIS 3829 03:05:23,378 --> 03:05:23,612 AREA. 3830 03:05:23,612 --> 03:05:24,613 WHAT ALSO DEVELOPED DURING THIS 3831 03:05:24,613 --> 03:05:27,949 PERIOD OF TIME I THOUGHT WE 3832 03:05:27,949 --> 03:05:30,118 COULD DO ELECTRICAL BRAIN 3833 03:05:30,118 --> 03:05:31,953 STIMULATION THAN OTHERS IN THE 3834 03:05:31,953 --> 03:05:36,525 AREA AND LOOKING AT SPECIFICALLY 3835 03:05:36,525 --> 03:05:42,164 AT AFFERENT CONDITIONING 3836 03:05:42,164 --> 03:05:42,431 PARADIGMS. 3837 03:05:42,431 --> 03:05:46,168 IN THIS RESEARCH I WAS WORKING 3838 03:05:46,168 --> 03:05:51,606 WITH TUFT'S UNIVERSITY AND 3839 03:05:51,606 --> 03:05:54,476 LOOKING AT RESPONSE RATES AND 3840 03:05:54,476 --> 03:05:55,710 WE'RE USING A FIXED RATIO 3841 03:05:55,710 --> 03:05:57,546 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. 3842 03:05:57,546 --> 03:05:59,915 THIS IS THE KIND OF THING WHERE 3843 03:05:59,915 --> 03:06:03,919 AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL OR HUMAN 3844 03:06:03,919 --> 03:06:08,757 SUBJECT ENGAGES IN SOME DISCREET 3845 03:06:08,757 --> 03:06:11,760 OPERANT AND GETS REINFORCEMENT 3846 03:06:11,760 --> 03:06:15,964 AND SOMETHING UNIQUE HAPPENS 3847 03:06:15,964 --> 03:06:26,274 WHEN THAT OCCURS. 3848 03:06:33,615 --> 03:06:34,983 WHEN A REPRESENTATION OCCURS YOU 3849 03:06:34,983 --> 03:06:37,252 GET AN INCREASE IN THE 3850 03:06:37,252 --> 03:06:37,686 CUMULATIVE RECORD. 3851 03:06:37,686 --> 03:06:39,321 WHEN YOU ARE WORKING ON A FIXED 3852 03:06:39,321 --> 03:06:42,190 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT IT'S 3853 03:06:42,190 --> 03:06:43,658 DIFFERENT FROM OTHER SCHEDULES 3854 03:06:43,658 --> 03:06:45,861 PARTICULARLY REINFORCEMENT WITH 3855 03:06:45,861 --> 03:06:47,896 BRAIN STIMULATION YOU GET A 3856 03:06:47,896 --> 03:06:53,068 PATTERN THAT LOOKS LIKE THIS. 3857 03:06:53,068 --> 03:06:55,904 HOWEVER IF YOU DECREASE THE 3858 03:06:55,904 --> 03:07:00,976 INTENTION -- INTENSITY AND ONLY 3859 03:07:00,976 --> 03:07:07,883 SO MANY RESPONSES AND HERE'S AN 3860 03:07:07,883 --> 03:07:10,986 FR40 FROM OTHER WORK. 3861 03:07:10,986 --> 03:07:14,523 WHEN YOU GET THE FIXED RATIO 3862 03:07:14,523 --> 03:07:19,060 REINFORCEMENT YOU GET THE 3863 03:07:19,060 --> 03:07:20,295 REINFORCEMENT PAUSE AND WE 3864 03:07:20,295 --> 03:07:21,496 THOUGHT THIS WAS AN INTERESTING 3865 03:07:21,496 --> 03:07:25,333 SITUATION THE POST REINFORCEMENT 3866 03:07:25,333 --> 03:07:28,136 PAUSE OCCURS WITH FOOD OR A WIDE 3867 03:07:28,136 --> 03:07:38,480 VARIETY OF STIMULI. 3868 03:07:51,226 --> 03:07:54,229 YOU GET POST REINFORCEMENT PAUSE 3869 03:07:54,229 --> 03:08:04,739 AND WHEN YOU GET TO SAY AN FR40 3870 03:08:04,739 --> 03:08:07,609 AND IT'S UNIQUE TO FIXED RATIO 3871 03:08:07,609 --> 03:08:10,879 SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT. 3872 03:08:10,879 --> 03:08:15,283 SO RICK PHELPS AND I MY GRADUATE 3873 03:08:15,283 --> 03:08:17,919 STUDENT AT TUFTS LOOKED RAT THE 3874 03:08:17,919 --> 03:08:19,487 SHIFTS WHEN YOU HAD AN 3875 03:08:19,487 --> 03:08:27,896 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL ENGAGED IN 3876 03:08:27,896 --> 03:08:34,069 OPERENT BEHAVIOR FOR A 3877 03:08:34,069 --> 03:08:44,613 REINFORCEMENT USING A BIPHASIC 3878 03:08:49,751 --> 03:08:51,953 DILATION AND THIS OCCURS WHEN 3879 03:08:51,953 --> 03:08:53,755 YOU'RE ON A FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE 3880 03:08:53,755 --> 03:08:55,023 OF REINFORCEMENT. 3881 03:08:55,023 --> 03:08:58,226 THERE'S NO REINFORCEMENT 3882 03:08:58,226 --> 03:09:04,299 OCCURRING HERE. 3883 03:09:04,299 --> 03:09:08,436 AS YOU MAKE THE INNER RESPONSE 3884 03:09:08,436 --> 03:09:08,703 INTERVAL. 3885 03:09:08,703 --> 03:09:11,172 THE CURRENT INTENSITIES THAT CAN 3886 03:09:11,172 --> 03:09:13,575 BE DELIVERED HERE BEGIN TO 3887 03:09:13,575 --> 03:09:14,342 INCREASE. 3888 03:09:14,342 --> 03:09:17,078 WE FIND THE POST-REINFORCEMENT 3889 03:09:17,078 --> 03:09:18,013 PAUSE GETS SMALLER AND SMALLER. 3890 03:09:18,013 --> 03:09:21,149 WE USE THIS AS A WAY OF GETTING 3891 03:09:21,149 --> 03:09:23,918 AT THE THRESHOLD FOR ELECTRICAL 3892 03:09:23,918 --> 03:09:24,986 BRAIN STIMULATION. 3893 03:09:24,986 --> 03:09:27,222 AS WE INCREASE THE CURRENT 3894 03:09:27,222 --> 03:09:30,225 INTENSITY THE POST REINFORCEMENT 3895 03:09:30,225 --> 03:09:31,926 PAUSE GETS SMALLER AND SMALLER 3896 03:09:31,926 --> 03:09:34,129 AND THEN EVENTUALLY WHEN YOU GET 3897 03:09:34,129 --> 03:09:38,400 TO THE THRESHOLD FOR ELECTRICAL 3898 03:09:38,400 --> 03:09:39,901 STIMULATION, FOR EXAMPLE, HERE 3899 03:09:39,901 --> 03:09:47,709 THE FR CURRENT INTENSITY IS 65 3900 03:09:47,709 --> 03:09:50,612 AND YOU GET TO 40 THE POST 3901 03:09:50,612 --> 03:09:52,614 REINFORCEMENT PAUSE DISAPPEARS. 3902 03:09:52,614 --> 03:09:55,550 WHAT WE DEVELOPED WAS A BRAIN 3903 03:09:55,550 --> 03:09:57,852 STIMULATOR THAT COULD PRODUCE 3904 03:09:57,852 --> 03:09:59,921 THIS KIND OF OPERENT BEHAVIOR 3905 03:09:59,921 --> 03:10:06,161 WHERE THE ANIMAL WOULD LOOK TO 3906 03:10:06,161 --> 03:10:14,135 BAR PRESS AND IT'S REINFORCES 3907 03:10:14,135 --> 03:10:16,438 AND CONTINUES THROUGH THE 3908 03:10:16,438 --> 03:10:18,773 OPERENT SESSION WHEN THE FR IS 3909 03:10:18,773 --> 03:10:20,241 ABOVE THRESHOLD BUT AS YOU 3910 03:10:20,241 --> 03:10:22,377 INCREASE THE INTENSITY DURING 3911 03:10:22,377 --> 03:10:24,145 THE INNER RESPONSE INTERVAL THE 3912 03:10:24,145 --> 03:10:26,915 POST REINFORCEMENT PAUSE 3913 03:10:26,915 --> 03:10:27,215 DISAPPEARS. 3914 03:10:27,215 --> 03:10:30,185 WE USE IT AS A WAY OF MEASURING 3915 03:10:30,185 --> 03:10:34,289 THRESHOLD BY LOOKING AT THE 3916 03:10:34,289 --> 03:10:39,894 CURRENT INTENSITY THAT LEADS TO 3917 03:10:39,894 --> 03:10:48,436 THIS KIND OF SHIFT. 3918 03:10:48,436 --> 03:10:50,705 WE COULD DESIGN A STIMULATOR 3919 03:10:50,705 --> 03:10:55,910 THAT WOULD ALLOW US TO DO 3920 03:10:55,910 --> 03:11:01,449 VARIOUS DIFFICULT MATHEMATICAL 3921 03:11:01,449 --> 03:11:08,490 KIND OF ANALYSES AND USE IT TO 3922 03:11:08,490 --> 03:11:10,325 MEASURE THRESHOLD FOR ELECTRICAL 3923 03:11:10,325 --> 03:11:11,159 BRAIN STIMULATION. 3924 03:11:11,159 --> 03:11:12,961 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND THESE 3925 03:11:12,961 --> 03:11:15,096 ARE RATS IN THESE EXPERIMENTS 3926 03:11:15,096 --> 03:11:18,266 LEARN TO BAR PRESS ON THE FIXED 3927 03:11:18,266 --> 03:11:19,734 RATIO SCHEDULE. 3928 03:11:19,734 --> 03:11:22,303 AND THEN WE HAD A SEPARATE 3929 03:11:22,303 --> 03:11:25,640 CURRENT INTENSITY MECHANISM THAT 3930 03:11:25,640 --> 03:11:28,309 INCREASED THE INNER RESPONSE 3931 03:11:28,309 --> 03:11:30,412 INTERVAL UNTIL WE GOT TO A POINT 3932 03:11:30,412 --> 03:11:37,018 WHERE THE POST REINFORCEMENT 3933 03:11:37,018 --> 03:11:37,852 PAUSE DISAPPEARED. 3934 03:11:37,852 --> 03:11:39,921 THE COMPUTER AND SIMULATOR WOULD 3935 03:11:39,921 --> 03:11:43,625 ALLOW US TO ESTIMATE THE EXACT 3936 03:11:43,625 --> 03:11:45,860 CURRENT INTENSITY THAT YIELDED 3937 03:11:45,860 --> 03:11:46,194 REINFORCEMENT. 3938 03:11:46,194 --> 03:11:50,665 WE WERE USING THIS AS A WAY OF 3939 03:11:50,665 --> 03:11:51,499 SEPARATING OUT RESPONSE RATE 3940 03:11:51,499 --> 03:11:54,068 FROM REINFORCEMENT USING BOTH 3941 03:11:54,068 --> 03:11:57,705 REINFORCEMENT PAUSE. 3942 03:11:57,705 --> 03:12:02,143 NOW, I MOVED ON AND WE STARTED 3943 03:12:02,143 --> 03:12:07,782 BUILDING A LAB USING THIS KIND 3944 03:12:07,782 --> 03:12:08,316 OF MECHANISM. 3945 03:12:08,316 --> 03:12:15,857 AND I HAD A NEW STUDENT JOIN MY 3946 03:12:15,857 --> 03:12:16,024 LAB. 3947 03:12:16,024 --> 03:12:23,665 AND HARRY APPROACHED THE FIELD 3948 03:12:23,665 --> 03:12:26,201 FROM A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 3949 03:12:26,201 --> 03:12:28,503 BACKGROUND AND JOINED MY LAB AND 3950 03:12:28,503 --> 03:12:31,339 BECAME INTERESTED IN OUR 3951 03:12:31,339 --> 03:12:31,806 RESEARCH IN THIS AREA. 3952 03:12:31,806 --> 03:12:36,177 HE STARTED WORKING ON FOOD 3953 03:12:36,177 --> 03:12:38,313 INTAKE EXPERIMENTS BUT QUICKLY 3954 03:12:38,313 --> 03:12:41,249 GOT INVOLVED WITH OTHER 3955 03:12:41,249 --> 03:12:42,016 REINFORCERS AND IN PARTICULAR 3956 03:12:42,016 --> 03:12:44,252 BRAIN STIMULATION REWARD. 3957 03:12:44,252 --> 03:12:48,690 SO WE BEGAN DOING EXPERIMENTS 3958 03:12:48,690 --> 03:12:51,526 LOOKING AT BRAIN STIMULATION 3959 03:12:51,526 --> 03:12:57,198 REWARD WITH A VARIETY OF DRUGS 3960 03:12:57,198 --> 03:13:02,003 STIMULANT DRUGS, DRUGS THAT 3961 03:13:02,003 --> 03:13:03,805 ENHANCE LOCAL MOTOR ACTIVITY AND 3962 03:13:03,805 --> 03:13:13,515 SERVED AS POSITIVE REINFORCE 3963 03:13:13,515 --> 03:13:14,282 MANIMREINFORCEMENT 3964 03:13:14,282 --> 03:13:15,950 IN ADDITION WORKED OUT WELL BUT 3965 03:13:15,950 --> 03:13:17,919 RESEARCH WITH ALCOHOL DID NOT. 3966 03:13:17,919 --> 03:13:19,821 THESE ARE THE BRAIN SITES WE 3967 03:13:19,821 --> 03:13:22,290 EXAMINED AND THE BRAIN SITE THAT 3968 03:13:22,290 --> 03:13:27,228 TURNS OUT TO BE BEST FOR 3969 03:13:27,228 --> 03:13:33,268 PRODUCING BRAIN STIMULATION 3970 03:13:33,268 --> 03:13:35,904 AWARD IS THIS SITE IN THE 3971 03:13:35,904 --> 03:13:36,971 HYPOTHALAMUS AND IT'S AN AREA 3972 03:13:36,971 --> 03:13:39,908 THAT PRODUCES THE HIGHEST RATES 3973 03:13:39,908 --> 03:13:44,112 OF BRAIN STIMULATION REWARD 3974 03:13:44,112 --> 03:13:51,886 LOCATED ALONG THE ASCENDING 3975 03:13:51,886 --> 03:13:57,892 FIBERS THROUGH DOPAMINE AREAS 3976 03:13:57,892 --> 03:14:02,864 AND WE SEE AN ELECTRODE THAT CAN 3977 03:14:02,864 --> 03:14:05,099 STIMULATE THE LATERAL 3978 03:14:05,099 --> 03:14:07,302 HYPOTHALAMUS AND SUPER IMPOSED 3979 03:14:07,302 --> 03:14:09,971 ON DOPAMINE PATHWAYS IN THE 3980 03:14:09,971 --> 03:14:12,774 BRAIN. 3981 03:14:12,774 --> 03:14:15,209 AND EXAMINED ELECTRICAL 3982 03:14:15,209 --> 03:14:16,611 STIMULATION BEYOND THE CELL 3983 03:14:16,611 --> 03:14:19,914 BODIES FOR THE DOPAMINE SYSTEM 3984 03:14:19,914 --> 03:14:25,853 AND LOOKED AT ELECTRICAL BRAIN 3985 03:14:25,853 --> 03:14:27,055 STIMULATION. 3986 03:14:27,055 --> 03:14:32,026 WE FOUND THAT WHEREAS ALCOHOL IS 3987 03:14:32,026 --> 03:14:35,897 A DEPRESSANT DRUG AND VERY 3988 03:14:35,897 --> 03:14:39,534 DIFFICULT TO LOOK AT OTHER THAN 3989 03:14:39,534 --> 03:14:43,171 IN TERMS OF OPERANT BEHAVIOR 3990 03:14:43,171 --> 03:14:48,409 OTHER THAN DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS, 3991 03:14:48,409 --> 03:14:58,953 WE WE LOOKED AT RESPONSE RATES 3992 03:15:35,990 --> 03:15:37,392 OR LOWERING THE THRESHOLD. 3993 03:15:37,392 --> 03:15:43,898 AND WE TRIED A VARIETY OF TIME 3994 03:15:43,898 --> 03:15:49,737 POINTS AND IT DOESN'T SEEM TO 3995 03:15:49,737 --> 03:15:56,678 WORK VERY WELL. 3996 03:15:56,678 --> 03:16:00,014 WHEN WE DID THE TYPICAL TEST IT 3997 03:16:00,014 --> 03:16:02,917 LOOKS LIKE THIS KIND OF OPERANT 3998 03:16:02,917 --> 03:16:04,352 RESPONSE AND WE TRIED A VARIETY 3999 03:16:04,352 --> 03:16:07,922 OF DOSES OF ALCOHOL. 4000 03:16:07,922 --> 03:16:15,930 THESE ARE IT CONTROL VALUES AND 4001 03:16:15,930 --> 03:16:19,734 INJECTION OF ALCOHOL WHEN WE 4002 03:16:19,734 --> 03:16:22,236 USED THE TIME AFTER 4003 03:16:22,236 --> 03:16:23,237 ADMINISTRATION 30 TO 60 MINUTES 4004 03:16:23,237 --> 03:16:26,040 WHICH IS WHAT WE USED FOR A 4005 03:16:26,040 --> 03:16:27,909 VARIETY OF OTHER DRUGS AND FOUND 4006 03:16:27,909 --> 03:16:35,049 NO EFFECT OF ALCOHOL. 4007 03:16:35,049 --> 03:16:40,922 I READ A PAPER BY A NOTED 4008 03:16:40,922 --> 03:16:48,763 RESEARC 4009 03:16:48,763 --> 03:16:51,132 RESEARCHER AND THEY SHOWED 4010 03:16:51,132 --> 03:16:55,903 RECORDINGS OF INDIVIDUALS TAKING 4011 03:16:55,903 --> 03:16:57,872 ALCOHOL BOTH ALCOHOLICS AND 4012 03:16:57,872 --> 03:16:59,907 NON-ALCOHOLICS IN HIS STUDY AND 4013 03:16:59,907 --> 03:17:04,145 FOUND THAT EEG RECORDINGS AFTER 4014 03:17:04,145 --> 03:17:06,748 THE ALCOHOL SHOWED STIMULANT 4015 03:17:06,748 --> 03:17:10,818 EFFECTS VERY SOON AFTER THE 4016 03:17:10,818 --> 03:17:11,185 ADMINISTRATION. 4017 03:17:11,185 --> 03:17:15,957 SO ALCOHOL LEVELS IN A VARIETY 4018 03:17:15,957 --> 03:17:19,894 OF CONCENTRATIONS PRODUCED AN 4019 03:17:19,894 --> 03:17:23,898 AROUSAL KIND OF EE G RECORDING 4020 03:17:23,898 --> 03:17:28,569 AND SAID THAT LATER ON THE EEG 4021 03:17:28,569 --> 03:17:30,338 RECORDING SHOWS MORE DEPRESSIVE 4022 03:17:30,338 --> 03:17:33,407 SIGNALS AND SO WE WENT BACK AND 4023 03:17:33,407 --> 03:17:38,412 LOOKED APT THE BLOOD ALCOHOL 4024 03:17:38,412 --> 03:17:43,818 CURVE AND WE FOUND THAT THERE 4025 03:17:43,818 --> 03:17:45,653 SEEMED TO BE VERY DIFFERENT KIND 4026 03:17:45,653 --> 03:17:49,657 OF BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS WHEN WE'RE 4027 03:17:49,657 --> 03:17:52,393 LOOKING AT THE S ENDING OF THE 4028 03:17:52,393 --> 03:17:55,897 BLOOD ALCOHOL CURVE AND THOSE 4029 03:17:55,897 --> 03:17:57,265 OCCURRING BACK OUT HERE. 4030 03:17:57,265 --> 03:18:01,402 SO AROUND 30 MINUTES THAT WAS 4031 03:18:01,402 --> 03:18:02,703 THE DESCENDING BLOOD ALCOHOL. 4032 03:18:02,703 --> 03:18:07,108 WE DECIDED WE'D LOOK AT THE 4033 03:18:07,108 --> 03:18:09,143 EFFECTS ON BRAIN STIMULATION AS 4034 03:18:09,143 --> 03:18:11,078 FAST AS WE COULD ADMINISTER 4035 03:18:11,078 --> 03:18:14,315 ALCOHOL AND SET THEM UP TO DO 4036 03:18:14,315 --> 03:18:15,483 ELECTRICAL BRAIN STIMULATION 4037 03:18:15,483 --> 03:18:16,584 REWARD STUDIES. 4038 03:18:16,584 --> 03:18:21,422 AND BEGAN FINDING POSITIVE 4039 03:18:21,422 --> 03:18:21,656 RESULTS. 4040 03:18:21,656 --> 03:18:24,292 HERE'S AN EXPERIMENT USING THE 4041 03:18:24,292 --> 03:18:30,231 SAME ANIMAL BUT GIVING ALCOHOL 4042 03:18:30,231 --> 03:18:36,804 BETWEEN FIVE AND 20 MINUTES WHEN 4043 03:18:36,804 --> 03:18:39,540 WE DID THE ELECTRICAL BRAIN 4044 03:18:39,540 --> 03:18:39,907 STIMULATION. 4045 03:18:39,907 --> 03:18:43,845 HERE'S THE THRESHOLD FOR 4046 03:18:43,845 --> 03:18:44,745 ELECTRICAL BRAIN STIMULATION 4047 03:18:44,745 --> 03:18:50,551 THAT YIELD A LOWERING OF THE 4048 03:18:50,551 --> 03:18:52,887 THRESHOLD. 4049 03:18:52,887 --> 03:18:55,256 THIS IS RESPONSE RATE HOW FAST 4050 03:18:55,256 --> 03:18:56,257 THE SUBJECT WAS BAR PRESSING AT 4051 03:18:56,257 --> 03:18:57,024 THE TIME. 4052 03:18:57,024 --> 03:18:59,894 LOW DOSES OF ALCOHOL SHOWED THIS 4053 03:18:59,894 --> 03:19:02,697 KIND OF EFFECT. 4054 03:19:02,697 --> 03:19:06,300 HOWEVER IF YOU WAITED THE 30 4055 03:19:06,300 --> 03:19:09,670 MINUTES AND AT A VARIETY OF 4056 03:19:09,670 --> 03:19:15,943 OTHER KINDS OF RESPONSES WE GOT 4057 03:19:15,943 --> 03:19:21,482 NO EFFECT. 4058 03:19:21,482 --> 03:19:30,725 THIS LED TO US LOOKING AT 4059 03:19:30,725 --> 03:19:32,426 ALCOHOL AND BRAIN STIMULATION 4060 03:19:32,426 --> 03:19:32,860 AWARD. 4061 03:19:32,860 --> 03:19:34,762 OTHERS HAD DIFFICULTY WITH THIS 4062 03:19:34,762 --> 03:19:41,202 EXPERIMENTATION. 4063 03:19:41,202 --> 03:19:43,671 WE HAD SOME INTERESTING 4064 03:19:43,671 --> 03:19:47,308 DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ALCOHOL AND WE 4065 03:19:47,308 --> 03:19:48,509 DID SOME EXPERIMENTS. 4066 03:19:48,509 --> 03:19:53,948 HE WAS NOT FINDING ALCOHOL IN 4067 03:19:53,948 --> 03:19:57,084 EVEN LOW DOSES TO ENHANCE BRAIN 4068 03:19:57,084 --> 03:19:58,252 STIMULATION AWARD USING A VERY 4069 03:19:58,252 --> 03:19:58,886 DIFFERENT SYSTEM THAN THE ONE I 4070 03:19:58,886 --> 03:20:05,860 WAS USING. 4071 03:20:05,860 --> 03:20:09,397 HE FOUND IF THE ANIMALS LEARNED 4072 03:20:09,397 --> 03:20:11,032 TO SELF-MINISTER ALCOHOL USE TO 4073 03:20:11,032 --> 03:20:15,937 THESE EFFECT BUT NOT WITH 4074 03:20:15,937 --> 03:20:22,243 ANIMALS NAIVE AND HAD LEARNED TO 4075 03:20:22,243 --> 03:20:23,077 SELF-ADMINISTER ALCOHOL. 4076 03:20:23,077 --> 03:20:26,781 SINCE THEN INCLUDING WORK WITH 4077 03:20:26,781 --> 03:20:31,919 LARRY JUNE AND INDIANA FOUND 4078 03:20:31,919 --> 03:20:35,256 ALCOHOL LOWERS REWARD THRESHOLDS 4079 03:20:35,256 --> 03:20:37,858 THOUGH THEY'RE IN THE USING 4080 03:20:37,858 --> 03:20:40,161 TECHNIQUES SIMILAR TO MINE. 4081 03:20:40,161 --> 03:20:43,898 THE EFFECTS IN TERMS OF 4082 03:20:43,898 --> 03:20:46,834 PRODUCING STRONG REINFORCING 4083 03:20:46,834 --> 03:20:49,870 EFFECTS DURING THE ASCENDING 4084 03:20:49,870 --> 03:20:51,172 BLOOD ALCOHOL CURVE STIMULATION 4085 03:20:51,172 --> 03:20:55,276 OVER HERE SEEMED TO HAVE THE 4086 03:20:55,276 --> 03:20:57,345 OPPOSITE EFFECT. 4087 03:20:57,345 --> 03:20:58,179 LOWERING THRESHOLD OR NO EFFECT 4088 03:20:58,179 --> 03:21:03,017 EVEN OF LOW DOSES WITH ALCOHOL. 4089 03:21:03,017 --> 03:21:04,251 SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH LOOKING AT 4090 03:21:04,251 --> 03:21:10,825 WHAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 4091 03:21:10,825 --> 03:21:12,994 ASCENDING BLOOD ALCOHOL CURVE 4092 03:21:12,994 --> 03:21:23,504 AND ASSOCIATION WITH THE DES 4093 03:21:35,549 --> 03:21:39,720 DESCENDING REWARD AFFECTS WERE 4094 03:21:39,720 --> 03:21:40,121 ASSOCIATED. 4095 03:21:40,121 --> 03:21:41,422 SO WE CONTINUED WITH THIS 4096 03:21:41,422 --> 03:21:42,423 RESEARCH. 4097 03:21:42,423 --> 03:21:46,894 LARRY WORKED ON SOME OF THESE 4098 03:21:46,894 --> 03:21:51,198 EXPERIMENTS BUT HE HAD OTHER 4099 03:21:51,198 --> 03:21:52,733 AGENDAS AND BEGAN LOOKING AT 4100 03:21:52,733 --> 03:21:53,367 RESEARCH IN A VARIETY OF OTHER 4101 03:21:53,367 --> 03:22:02,476 AREAS. 4102 03:22:02,476 --> 03:22:09,216 HE GOT HIS DOCTORATE DOING BRAIN 4103 03:22:09,216 --> 03:22:15,856 STIMULATION EXPERIMENTS AND WAS 4104 03:22:15,856 --> 03:22:22,863 TRANS FIXED WORKING WITH THE 4105 03:22:22,863 --> 03:22:24,665 BENZODIAZEPINE SYSTEM AND 4106 03:22:24,665 --> 03:22:28,469 LOOKING AT EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 4107 03:22:28,469 --> 03:22:30,304 GIVEN ALCOHOL AND INTOXICATING 4108 03:22:30,304 --> 03:22:32,139 DOSES OF ALCOHOL ON THE COVER OF 4109 03:22:32,139 --> 03:22:36,877 SCIENCE. 4110 03:22:36,877 --> 03:22:40,081 IT CAME FROM THE LABS AT NIH AND 4111 03:22:40,081 --> 03:22:43,250 STEVE PAUL AND OTHERS. 4112 03:22:43,250 --> 03:22:46,620 HARRY BECAME TRANS FIXED BY THIS 4113 03:22:46,620 --> 03:22:47,955 BUT ALSO BECAME INTERESTED IN 4114 03:22:47,955 --> 03:22:53,227 OTHER RESEARCH HAVING TO DO WITH 4115 03:22:53,227 --> 03:23:00,668 THE GABA DIE AS PENE RESEARCH 4116 03:23:00,668 --> 03:23:02,837 AND CONTINUED RESEARCH GOING ON 4117 03:23:02,837 --> 03:23:06,073 TO WORK AT JOHNS HOPKINS WHERE 4118 03:23:06,073 --> 03:23:16,617 HE DID SOME VERY IMPORTANT WORK. 4119 03:23:22,056 --> 03:23:23,124 HARRY WAS NOT INTERESTED IN 4120 03:23:23,124 --> 03:23:25,359 GOING TO HOPKINS AND IT TOOK 4121 03:23:25,359 --> 03:23:25,659 CONVINCING. 4122 03:23:25,659 --> 03:23:27,895 OUR RELATIONSHIP TURNED OUT TO 4123 03:23:27,895 --> 03:23:33,300 BE COMPLICATED BUT PROFITABLE 4124 03:23:33,300 --> 03:23:34,401 FOR BOTH OF US. 4125 03:23:34,401 --> 03:23:37,071 WHEN LARRY WENT TO WORK AT 4126 03:23:37,071 --> 03:23:40,608 HOPKINS HE WORKED WITH A VARIETY 4127 03:23:40,608 --> 03:23:41,408 OF PEOPLE. 4128 03:23:41,408 --> 03:23:45,346 I WAS INVITED TO GIVE A TALK AT 4129 03:23:45,346 --> 03:23:51,519 THE BROWN BAG AT PRINCETON 4130 03:23:51,519 --> 03:23:55,923 UNIVERSITY IN THE LAB OF BART 4131 03:23:55,923 --> 03:23:58,259 HOGGEL AND FOUND ABOUT RESEARCH 4132 03:23:58,259 --> 03:24:00,561 WE HAD BEEN DOING AND BART 4133 03:24:00,561 --> 03:24:04,798 INTRODUCED ME TO DOING RESEARCH 4134 03:24:04,798 --> 03:24:06,400 WITH SOME OF THE NEURAL PEPTIDES 4135 03:24:06,400 --> 03:24:07,968 INVOLVED WITH FOOD INTAKE AND 4136 03:24:07,968 --> 03:24:10,671 NUTRITION AND REINFORCEMENT 4137 03:24:10,671 --> 03:24:11,405 EFFECTS. 4138 03:24:11,405 --> 03:24:12,206 I BEGAN DOING RESEARCH IN THIS 4139 03:24:12,206 --> 03:24:18,112 AREA. 4140 03:24:18,112 --> 03:24:19,914 WE HAD DONE EARLIER RESEARCH 4141 03:24:19,914 --> 03:24:30,391 LOOKING AT NPY IN TERMS OF 4142 03:24:38,332 --> 03:24:39,900 INCREASES IN FOOD INTAKE AND 4143 03:24:39,900 --> 03:24:44,672 REWARD AND WHEN WE BEGAN STUDIES 4144 03:24:44,672 --> 03:24:47,241 IN ALCOHOL IT DIDN'T PROVE 4145 03:24:47,241 --> 03:24:49,210 EFFECTIVE AND I BEGAN DOING 4146 03:24:49,210 --> 03:24:51,111 STUDIES LOOKING AT NEURAL 4147 03:24:51,111 --> 03:24:53,080 PEPTIDES THAT WERE REINFORCING 4148 03:24:53,080 --> 03:24:54,815 BUT ALSO INVOLVED WITH FOOD 4149 03:24:54,815 --> 03:24:57,418 INTAKE AND CARRYING ON RESEARCH 4150 03:24:57,418 --> 03:25:01,755 THAT WE HAD ORIGINALLY STARTED 4151 03:25:01,755 --> 03:25:07,761 AND THIS IS THE RESULTS OF SOME 4152 03:25:07,761 --> 03:25:10,931 EXPERIMENTS LOOKING AT GALLANIN. 4153 03:25:10,931 --> 03:25:21,442 IT'S AN INTERESTING COMPOUND. 4154 03:25:25,145 --> 03:25:29,283 AND GHRELIN THAT INCREASED FOOD 4155 03:25:29,283 --> 03:25:34,922 INTAKE AND A LAB STARTED WORK 4156 03:25:34,922 --> 03:25:40,361 WITH GALANIN AND WORKED WITH 4157 03:25:40,361 --> 03:25:41,795 ANOTHER LAB DOING RESEARCH AND 4158 03:25:41,795 --> 03:25:43,430 FOUND IT WAS INVOLVED WITH 4159 03:25:43,430 --> 03:25:48,035 INCREASING FOOD INTAKE BUT FOOD 4160 03:25:48,035 --> 03:25:51,639 INTAKE THAT INVOLVED FATTY 4161 03:25:51,639 --> 03:25:52,206 FOODS. 4162 03:25:52,206 --> 03:25:55,576 FAT RICH DIETS SEEMED TO BE 4163 03:25:55,576 --> 03:25:57,244 STIMULATED. 4164 03:25:57,244 --> 03:26:02,983 NPY DIDN'T WORK THERE BUT 4165 03:26:02,983 --> 03:26:04,818 GALLANIN DID AND BEGAN STUDIES 4166 03:26:04,818 --> 03:26:07,888 IN THAT AND NEURO TRANSMITTERS 4167 03:26:07,888 --> 03:26:09,923 AND REINFORCEMENT EXPERIMENTS 4168 03:26:09,923 --> 03:26:17,598 MAINEDD -- MAINTAINED IN MY LAB 4169 03:26:17,598 --> 03:26:19,833 AND WITH A LAB AT PRINCETON. 4170 03:26:19,833 --> 03:26:25,606 HERE WE SEE THIS IS COMING FROM 4171 03:26:25,606 --> 03:26:30,177 A LABORATORY AT ROCKEFELLER. 4172 03:26:30,177 --> 03:26:35,916 SHE WAS SHOWING THAT GALANIN 4173 03:26:35,916 --> 03:26:38,852 LEVELS IN THE BRAIN WENT UP WITH 4174 03:26:38,852 --> 03:26:39,787 HIGH FAT DIET. 4175 03:26:39,787 --> 03:26:40,988 AND YOU CAN SEE THIS EFFECT 4176 03:26:40,988 --> 03:26:51,098 HERE. 4177 03:26:52,433 --> 03:26:53,901 DIFFERENT EFFECTS WHERE HIGH FAT 4178 03:26:53,901 --> 03:26:55,769 DIETS WERE ADMINISTERED AND THE 4179 03:26:55,769 --> 03:27:04,878 SAMPLE WAS TAKEN. 4180 03:27:04,878 --> 03:27:07,915 SO WHAT HAPPENS AFTER ALCOHOL 4181 03:27:07,915 --> 03:27:09,149 ADMINISTRATION? 4182 03:27:09,149 --> 03:27:17,291 YOU MADE THIS CONNECTION BETWEEN 4183 03:27:17,291 --> 03:27:20,561 GALANIN AND EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 4184 03:27:20,561 --> 03:27:26,433 THERE SEEMS TO BE SOME SPECIAL 4185 03:27:26,433 --> 03:27:28,669 RELATIONSHIP THERE AND WE FOUND 4186 03:27:28,669 --> 03:27:36,076 CHRONIC ALCOHOL INJECTION OR CON 4187 03:27:36,076 --> 03:27:40,447 INCREASED GALANIN LEVELS AND 4188 03:27:40,447 --> 03:27:42,383 BEGINNING TO LOOK MORE 4189 03:27:42,383 --> 03:27:45,085 INTENSIVELY IN TERMS OF WHAT'S 4190 03:27:45,085 --> 03:27:47,621 GOING ON WITH GALANIN. 4191 03:27:47,621 --> 03:27:51,291 SO WE INJECTED IT AND LOOKED AT 4192 03:27:51,291 --> 03:27:51,859 VOLUNTARY ETHANOL INTAKE. 4193 03:27:51,859 --> 03:27:56,330 THIS IS A STUDY I DID WITH THESE 4194 03:27:56,330 --> 03:27:59,767 RESEARCHERS WHERE FIRST OFF WE 4195 03:27:59,767 --> 03:28:05,105 LOOKED AT THE THIRD VENTRICLE 4196 03:28:05,105 --> 03:28:11,912 AND INJECT ED GALANIN AND DIREC 4197 03:28:11,912 --> 03:28:14,615 INJECTION IN THE NUCLEUS AND 4198 03:28:14,615 --> 03:28:15,949 PRODUCE AN INCREASE IN ALCOHOL 4199 03:28:15,949 --> 03:28:24,758 CONSUMPTION. 4200 03:28:24,758 --> 03:28:26,593 WE SEE STARBUCKS OF GALANIN IN 4201 03:28:26,593 --> 03:28:31,665 THE BRAIN PRODUCED AN INCREASE 4202 03:28:31,665 --> 03:28:36,437 IN ETHANOL AND THESE ARE EFFECTS 4203 03:28:36,437 --> 03:28:38,372 ON WATER IN THE TWO-BOTTLE 4204 03:28:38,372 --> 03:28:40,607 CHOICE TEST WE SEE IN ALCOHOL. 4205 03:28:40,607 --> 03:28:43,410 THE EFFECT WAS STRONGEST DURING 4206 03:28:43,410 --> 03:28:44,878 THE DARK CYCLE. 4207 03:28:44,878 --> 03:28:48,749 THE LIGHT DARK CYCLE, ANIMAL 4208 03:28:48,749 --> 03:28:53,520 MEANTIME ON THE LIGHT/DARK CYCLE 4209 03:28:53,520 --> 03:28:55,088 AND WHERE HE CONTINUED TO PURSUE 4210 03:28:55,088 --> 03:28:59,193 THIS RESEARCH FOR A LONG PERIOD 4211 03:28:59,193 --> 03:28:59,526 OF TIME. 4212 03:28:59,526 --> 03:29:10,037 >> WE'RE RUNNING OUT OF TIME. 4213 03:29:15,242 --> 03:29:17,010 IT'S FASCINATING ON THE NEURAL 4214 03:29:17,010 --> 03:29:18,312 PEPTIDES AND BRAIN REWARD. 4215 03:29:18,312 --> 03:29:23,617 WE HAVE ABOUT FIVE MORE MINUTES. 4216 03:29:23,617 --> 03:29:29,089 >> OKAY. 4217 03:29:29,089 --> 03:29:30,224 THE RESEARCH CONTINUED. 4218 03:29:30,224 --> 03:29:36,463 I MOVED ON TO DOING RESEARCH 4219 03:29:36,463 --> 03:29:41,335 WITH OTHERS LOOKING AT THE LIVER 4220 03:29:41,335 --> 03:29:44,204 AND IT LED TO EXAMINING WHAT 4221 03:29:44,204 --> 03:29:45,939 HAPPENS WITH HIGH FAT DIETS. 4222 03:29:45,939 --> 03:29:51,111 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FAT AND 4223 03:29:51,111 --> 03:29:52,045 ALCOHOL SEEMED TO BE 4224 03:29:52,045 --> 03:29:56,183 SUBSTANTIATED BY THE RESEARCH. 4225 03:29:56,183 --> 03:29:58,051 IT'S LED TO US BECOMING 4226 03:29:58,051 --> 03:30:01,755 INTERESTED IN NUTRITIONAL 4227 03:30:01,755 --> 03:30:03,323 FACTORS INVOLVED IN REGULATORY 4228 03:30:03,323 --> 03:30:07,895 SYSTEMS THAT GO ON BUT ALSO THE 4229 03:30:07,895 --> 03:30:10,063 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL 4230 03:30:10,063 --> 03:30:11,331 CONCENTRATION IN MAINTAINING 4231 03:30:11,331 --> 03:30:13,166 NORMAL NUTRITION. 4232 03:30:13,166 --> 03:30:14,968 ONE OF THE THINGS -- I'M NOT 4233 03:30:14,968 --> 03:30:16,937 GOING TO BE ABLE TO TALK ABOUT 4234 03:30:16,937 --> 03:30:19,907 THIS IS MY CONCERN THAT IN THE 4235 03:30:19,907 --> 03:30:25,479 ONLY IS FAT IMPORTANT BUT IT'S 4236 03:30:25,479 --> 03:30:33,987 ALSO VERY MUCH INVOLVED WITH 4237 03:30:33,987 --> 03:30:39,426 ALCOHOLISM AND PATIENTS GIVEN 4238 03:30:39,426 --> 03:30:44,064 THE HANGING BAG EXPERIMENT. 4239 03:30:44,064 --> 03:30:46,199 I'LL SKIP TO MY DISCUSSION OF 4240 03:30:46,199 --> 03:30:47,601 HARRY JUNE WHO WORKED WITH ME 4241 03:30:47,601 --> 03:30:52,673 DURING MOST OF THESE EXPERIMENT. 4242 03:30:52,673 --> 03:30:57,044 WE REMAINED CLOSE STUDENT MENTOR 4243 03:30:57,044 --> 03:30:59,246 RELATIONSHIPS AS POSTDOCS AND HE 4244 03:30:59,246 --> 03:31:06,219 BECAME A PROFESSOR AN COLLEAGUE. 4245 03:31:06,219 --> 03:31:12,526 HE'S A BELOVED FRIEND AND HERE'S 4246 03:31:12,526 --> 03:31:17,698 A LIST OF PUBLICATIONS WE DID 4247 03:31:17,698 --> 03:31:19,900 OVER THE PERIOD OF TIME RIGHT UP 4248 03:31:19,900 --> 03:31:25,372 TO HIS PASSING. 4249 03:31:25,372 --> 03:31:27,507 THOUGH HE WENT OFF TO WORK AT 4250 03:31:27,507 --> 03:31:29,142 HOPKINS AND INDIANA UNIVERSITY 4251 03:31:29,142 --> 03:31:30,177 WE CONTINUED PUBLISHING AND 4252 03:31:30,177 --> 03:31:31,912 COMMUNICATING ABOUT OUR 4253 03:31:31,912 --> 03:31:35,082 RESEARCH. 4254 03:31:35,082 --> 03:31:39,586 ONE LAST STORY IS HARRY WANTED 4255 03:31:39,586 --> 03:31:44,891 TO TAKE A TEACHING JOB AFTER HE 4256 03:31:44,891 --> 03:31:49,630 GOT HIS Ph.D. AND HE WANTED A 4257 03:31:49,630 --> 03:31:50,163 SPORTS CAR. 4258 03:31:50,163 --> 03:31:55,902 HE WAS GOING TO TURN DOWN HIS 4259 03:31:55,902 --> 03:32:01,942 JOHNS HOPKINS OFFER AND BUY THIS 4260 03:32:01,942 --> 03:32:11,184 SPORTS CAR AND WE WENT BACK AND 4261 03:32:11,184 --> 03:32:12,853 FORM AND HE EVENTUALLY WENT TO 4262 03:32:12,853 --> 03:32:14,855 HOP KINDS AND ENDED UP GETTING 4263 03:32:14,855 --> 03:32:17,991 HIS SPORTS CAR. 4264 03:32:17,991 --> 03:32:23,330 I ASKED HIM ABOUT HOW COULD HE 4265 03:32:23,330 --> 03:32:27,134 POSSIBLY DO THE ELABORATE 4266 03:32:27,134 --> 03:32:29,970 STEERING AND SHIFTING OF GEARS 4267 03:32:29,970 --> 03:32:35,742 AS HE DID DRIVING THIS SPORTS 4268 03:32:35,742 --> 03:32:38,378 CAR AND HE SAID I GOT THE JOB 4269 03:32:38,378 --> 03:32:42,449 DONE AND THAT WAS HIS FINAL 4270 03:32:42,449 --> 03:32:44,551 STATEMENT AND THAT REALLY IS THE 4271 03:32:44,551 --> 03:32:50,323 THING THAT ONE SHOULD REMEMBER 4272 03:32:50,323 --> 03:32:53,160 ABOUT HARRY HE PERSEVERED TO THE 4273 03:32:53,160 --> 03:32:58,532 END AND ALWAYS GOT THE JOB DONE. 4274 03:32:58,532 --> 03:33:03,403 I WANT TO THANK ALL OF YOU WHO 4275 03:33:03,403 --> 03:33:05,305 HAVE RECOGNIZED HARRY AND IN 4276 03:33:05,305 --> 03:33:10,477 PARTICULAR GEORGE AND OTHER 4277 03:33:10,477 --> 03:33:15,982 MEMBERS OF NIAAA AND THOSE 4278 03:33:15,982 --> 03:33:18,752 INVOLVED GETTING THE ACMP 4279 03:33:18,752 --> 03:33:23,890 MEMORIAL FOR THE HARRY JUNE 4280 03:33:23,890 --> 03:33:28,962 TRAVEL AWARD AND GEORGE KOOB AND 4281 03:33:28,962 --> 03:33:31,898 I GAVE THE FIRST HARRY JUNE 4282 03:33:31,898 --> 03:33:35,302 AWARD IN 2016 AND HERE'S THE 4283 03:33:35,302 --> 03:33:38,405 PEOPLE WHO WON THE AWARD EVERY 4284 03:33:38,405 --> 03:33:42,576 SINCE AND THE WINNER FOR THIS 4285 03:33:42,576 --> 03:33:46,313 YEAR'S MEETING IN DECEMBER IS 4286 03:33:46,313 --> 03:33:46,747 MIGUEL. 4287 03:33:46,747 --> 03:33:48,915 HOPEFULLY THE NIAAA WILL 4288 03:33:48,915 --> 03:33:52,285 CONTINUE TO FUND THE HARRY JUNE 4289 03:33:52,285 --> 03:34:02,796 TRAVEL AWARD AND I THANK YOU. 4290 03:34:04,364 --> 03:34:06,733 >> THANK YOU FOR YOUR TALK TO 4291 03:34:06,733 --> 03:34:09,970 HARRY JUNE BECAUSE I DON'T 4292 03:34:09,970 --> 03:34:11,238 PEOPLE THINK THEY KNOW WHERE IT 4293 03:34:11,238 --> 03:34:12,172 CAME FROM AND IT WAS MOVING. 4294 03:34:12,172 --> 03:34:18,345 YOU DID A GREAT JOB. 4295 03:34:18,345 --> 03:34:21,081 I THINK AND WE'LL HEAR ABOUT THE 4296 03:34:21,081 --> 03:34:23,416 INTERACTION BETWEEN FEEDING AND 4297 03:34:23,416 --> 03:34:25,018 NUTRITION AND ALCOHOL USE 4298 03:34:25,018 --> 03:34:25,285 DISORDER. 4299 03:34:25,285 --> 03:34:27,621 WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT AT 4300 03:34:27,621 --> 03:34:27,954 NIAAA. 4301 03:34:27,954 --> 03:34:30,357 MAYBE YOU CAN LEAD IN DISCUSSION 4302 03:34:30,357 --> 03:34:33,293 ONE OF THESE DAYS IN GLP1 4303 03:34:33,293 --> 03:34:34,227 AGONIST AND WHAT YOU THINK 4304 03:34:34,227 --> 03:34:37,831 BECAUSE I'D LOVE TO LEAR IT FROM 4305 03:34:37,831 --> 03:34:39,933 THE PERSPECTIVE OF YOUR WISDOM 4306 03:34:39,933 --> 03:34:43,336 HAVING SLOGGED THROUGH FIGURING 4307 03:34:43,336 --> 03:34:46,106 OUT HOW ALCOHOL COULD FACILITATE 4308 03:34:46,106 --> 03:34:55,916 ON THE ASCENDING LIMB OF THE 4309 03:34:55,916 --> 03:35:06,259 BLOOD ALCOHOL CURVE. 4310 03:35:14,267 --> 03:35:16,136 ANY QUICK QUESTIONS? 4311 03:35:16,136 --> 03:35:18,972 HOW DID HARRY COME TO YOUR LAB? 4312 03:35:18,972 --> 03:35:22,342 DID HE WALK IN YOUR DOOR? 4313 03:35:22,342 --> 03:35:25,378 THAT'S HOW MARCUS CAME TO MY 4314 03:35:25,378 --> 03:35:25,712 LAB. 4315 03:35:25,712 --> 03:35:27,881 >> HE WALKED IN THE DOOR BECAUSE 4316 03:35:27,881 --> 03:35:30,083 HE HEARD SOMETHING INTERESTING 4317 03:35:30,083 --> 03:35:31,918 WAS GOING ON AND HAD TALKING TO 4318 03:35:31,918 --> 03:35:42,195 OTHER STUDENTS. 4319 03:35:51,605 --> 03:35:55,742 MY DOCTORAL STUDENT SAID YOU 4320 03:35:55,742 --> 03:36:00,947 NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO HARRY 4321 03:36:00,947 --> 03:36:04,451 JUNE AND HE TOOK MY COURSE AND 4322 03:36:04,451 --> 03:36:05,652 WROTE A 46 PAGE TERM PAPER WHICH 4323 03:36:05,652 --> 03:36:07,320 IS THE LONGEST I'VE EVER 4324 03:36:07,320 --> 03:36:11,691 RECEIVED. 4325 03:36:11,691 --> 03:36:16,096 I STARTED TAKING HIM AS SOMEONE 4326 03:36:16,096 --> 03:36:26,406 REALLY INTERESTED. 4327 03:36:28,341 --> 03:36:30,210 >> THANK YOU, MICHAEL. 4328 03:36:30,210 --> 03:36:33,546 PEOPLE CAN ASK QUESTIONS OR END 4329 03:36:33,546 --> 03:36:35,415 AN E-MAIL BECAUSE WE'LL RUN OUT 4330 03:36:35,415 --> 03:36:36,449 OF TIME. 4331 03:36:36,449 --> 03:36:42,188 I ENJOYED HEARING ABOUT THE OLD 4332 03:36:42,188 --> 03:36:52,732 DAYS AND STRUGGLES AND MET HIM 4333 03:36:57,103 --> 03:37:07,547 AT NEUROSCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND 4334 03:37:09,582 --> 03:37:15,655 ELLIOT GAVE ME A PICTURE OF THE 4335 03:37:15,655 --> 03:37:15,989 NEUROSCIENCE. 4336 03:37:15,989 --> 03:37:20,193 I WAS A SCRIBE. 4337 03:37:20,193 --> 03:37:22,729 I COULD HARDLY SIGN MY NAME AND 4338 03:37:22,729 --> 03:37:23,897 GOT INVITED TO TAKE NOTES WITH 4339 03:37:23,897 --> 03:37:29,602 TONY PHILLIPS. 4340 03:37:29,602 --> 03:37:30,971 OKAY. 4341 03:37:30,971 --> 03:37:34,074 MOHAMMED -- SEE, YOU GOT ME 4342 03:37:34,074 --> 03:37:39,112 TALKING ABOUT THE OLD DAYS. 4343 03:37:39,112 --> 03:37:39,779 ALL RIGHT. 4344 03:37:39,779 --> 03:37:42,449 SO MOHAMMED WILL TALK ABOUT 4345 03:37:42,449 --> 03:37:46,019 CONCEPT CLEARANCE AND YOU HAVE 4346 03:37:46,019 --> 03:37:48,621 10 MINUTES ON THE NEURO BIOLOGY 4347 03:37:48,621 --> 03:37:54,227 ON ADOLESCENT DRINKING IN 4348 03:37:54,227 --> 03:37:55,128 ADULTHOOD AND WE CALL THE 4349 03:37:55,128 --> 03:37:55,895 INSTITUTE NADIA. 4350 03:37:55,895 --> 03:37:56,162 ALL YOURS. 4351 03:37:56,162 --> 03:38:01,668 >> THANK YOU. 4352 03:38:01,668 --> 03:38:03,536 GOOD AFTERNOON. 4353 03:38:03,536 --> 03:38:07,907 TODAY I'M GOING TO PRESENT A 4354 03:38:07,907 --> 03:38:15,281 RENEWAL CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR 4355 03:38:15,281 --> 03:38:16,783 NEUROBIOLOGY IN ADOLESCENT 4356 03:38:16,783 --> 03:38:18,118 DRIRPGING IN ADULTHOOD. 4357 03:38:18,118 --> 03:38:19,853 TRAEDZ COMMON BETWEEN 19 AND 25 4358 03:38:19,853 --> 03:38:27,594 AND ACCORDING TO THE SAMHSA 4359 03:38:27,594 --> 03:38:31,498 SURVEY ALCOHOL CONSUMED IN THE 4360 03:38:31,498 --> 03:38:39,472 UNITED STATES IS BY 12 TO 13 4361 03:38:39,472 --> 03:38:39,873 YEARS OLD AND R57B9 4362 03:38:45,812 --> 03:38:54,287 AND SOME REPORTED TAKING SIPS OR 4363 03:38:54,287 --> 03:38:55,555 BINGE DRINKING. 4364 03:38:55,555 --> 03:38:59,626 I CAN LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF 4365 03:38:59,626 --> 03:39:00,593 ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. 4366 03:39:00,593 --> 03:39:04,330 DATA FROM THE NATIONAL 4367 03:39:04,330 --> 03:39:06,933 CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL AND 4368 03:39:06,933 --> 03:39:09,536 NEURODEVELOPMENT HAS SHOWN THE 4369 03:39:09,536 --> 03:39:11,604 NEGATIVE EFFECT OF BINGE 4370 03:39:11,604 --> 03:39:13,940 DRINKING ON DEVELOPING BRAIN AS 4371 03:39:13,940 --> 03:39:17,644 THE GRAY MATTER VOLUME WHEN 4372 03:39:17,644 --> 03:39:22,182 MEASURED IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO 4373 03:39:22,182 --> 03:39:23,650 BINGE DRINKING AND SHOWED CAUSAL 4374 03:39:23,650 --> 03:39:27,454 EFFECT. 4375 03:39:27,454 --> 03:39:29,689 IT WILL BE INTERESTING TO LOOK 4376 03:39:29,689 --> 03:39:33,693 AT GROWTH TRAJECTORIES MAY BE 4377 03:39:33,693 --> 03:39:35,628 REINSTATED WITH ALCOHOL 4378 03:39:35,628 --> 03:39:37,931 ABSTINENCE. 4379 03:39:37,931 --> 03:39:43,670 THE GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND THE 4380 03:39:43,670 --> 03:39:46,039 BRAIN IMPAIRMENTS THAT PERSIST 4381 03:39:46,039 --> 03:39:47,640 OVER THE COURSE OF BRAIN 4382 03:39:47,640 --> 03:39:50,510 MODULATION ESPECIALLY FOCUSSING 4383 03:39:50,510 --> 03:39:53,146 ON THE MOLECULAR AND CIRCUIT 4384 03:39:53,146 --> 03:39:54,013 MECHANISMS AND UNDERLYING 4385 03:39:54,013 --> 03:39:55,548 BEHAVIORAL CHANGES. 4386 03:39:55,548 --> 03:39:57,784 IT WILL TRANSLATE THESE FINDINGS 4387 03:39:57,784 --> 03:40:03,323 IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN WHO 4388 03:40:03,323 --> 03:40:05,925 MISUSE ALCOHOL DURING ABSTINENCE 4389 03:40:05,925 --> 03:40:06,292 PERIODS. 4390 03:40:06,292 --> 03:40:08,061 TO SUPPORT RESEARCH ACROSS 4391 03:40:08,061 --> 03:40:10,029 DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN ORDER 4392 03:40:10,029 --> 03:40:15,468 TO INVESTIGATE THE SEQUENCES OF 4393 03:40:15,468 --> 03:40:16,803 REPEATED ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON 4394 03:40:16,803 --> 03:40:17,370 BRAIN MATURATION AND OTHER 4395 03:40:17,370 --> 03:40:20,540 OUTCOMES. 4396 03:40:20,540 --> 03:40:22,041 AND TO SUPPORT EXPERIMENTAL 4397 03:40:22,041 --> 03:40:26,446 STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF 4398 03:40:26,446 --> 03:40:28,047 CONTROL AND EXPOSURES. 4399 03:40:28,047 --> 03:40:31,317 AND THE INITIATIVE IS LIMITED TO 4400 03:40:31,317 --> 03:40:35,688 ANIMAL STUDIES ONLY. 4401 03:40:35,688 --> 03:40:43,997 AND BY THE NADIA THE 4402 03:40:43,997 --> 03:40:49,702 INVESTIGATORS RECOMMEND URs. 4403 03:40:49,702 --> 03:40:54,641 THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE 4404 03:40:54,641 --> 03:40:59,746 PROPOSALS ARE TO UNDERSTAND 4405 03:40:59,746 --> 03:41:01,915 MECHANI 4406 03:41:01,915 --> 03:41:06,386 MECHANISTICALLY THE CELLULAR AND 4407 03:41:06,386 --> 03:41:12,492 NEURAL CIRCUITRY AND CHANGES IN 4408 03:41:12,492 --> 03:41:15,228 THE ADULT BRAIN WITH ALCOHOL 4409 03:41:15,228 --> 03:41:16,563 EXPOSURE AND SEX SPECIFIC 4410 03:41:16,563 --> 03:41:17,263 CHANGES. 4411 03:41:17,263 --> 03:41:20,967 AND IN TERMS OF EARLY VERSUS 4412 03:41:20,967 --> 03:41:26,272 LATE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON BRAIN 4413 03:41:26,272 --> 03:41:35,848 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. 4414 03:41:35,848 --> 03:41:40,486 >> I NEED TO FIND TRANSLATION 4415 03:41:40,486 --> 03:41:42,455 THAT LOOKS AT GENETIC 4416 03:41:42,455 --> 03:41:43,089 MODIFICATIONS AND BEHAVIORAL 4417 03:41:43,089 --> 03:41:50,964 TASK OR PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES 4418 03:41:50,964 --> 03:41:55,902 IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENT. 4419 03:41:55,902 --> 03:41:58,104 SO THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS ARE 4420 03:41:58,104 --> 03:42:03,142 INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE 4421 03:42:03,142 --> 03:42:05,078 TRANSITION OF SCIENTISTS 4422 03:42:05,078 --> 03:42:09,949 CONTRIBUTING AS CO-INVESTIGATOR 4423 03:42:09,949 --> 03:42:18,324 INTO LEADERSHIP ROLES AS P.I.s 4424 03:42:18,324 --> 03:42:23,563 AND INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT 4425 03:42:23,563 --> 03:42:27,900 ANALYSIS MEDIATION AND 4426 03:42:27,900 --> 03:42:29,068 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MINING 4427 03:42:29,068 --> 03:42:31,271 LOOK FOR ALCOHOL EXPOSURE 4428 03:42:31,271 --> 03:42:35,708 EFFECTS AND PROMOTE TRANSLATION 4429 03:42:35,708 --> 03:42:39,112 THROUGH APPROPRIATE HYPOTHESES 4430 03:42:39,112 --> 03:42:40,913 AND PHENOTYPIC MEASURES IN 4431 03:42:40,913 --> 03:42:43,016 HUMANS AND SUPPORT 4432 03:42:43,016 --> 03:42:47,720 COLLABORATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 4433 03:42:47,720 --> 03:42:51,391 WITH SCIENTISTS INVESTIGATING 4434 03:42:51,391 --> 03:42:53,726 ALCOHOL EXPOSURE EFFECT ON 4435 03:42:53,726 --> 03:42:59,465 DEVELOPMENT ON HUMANS. 4436 03:42:59,465 --> 03:43:05,471 ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON PHENOTYPES 4437 03:43:05,471 --> 03:43:07,340 SUCH AS PAIN CONDITIONS AND 4438 03:43:07,340 --> 03:43:07,840 HYPERALGESIA AND SOCIAL 4439 03:43:07,840 --> 03:43:16,049 FUNCTIONING. 4440 03:43:16,049 --> 03:43:22,355 AND ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ARISING 4441 03:43:22,355 --> 03:43:29,662 FROM MICROFULLY -- MICRO GLIIA 4442 03:43:29,662 --> 03:43:31,831 AND TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISM 4443 03:43:31,831 --> 03:43:36,803 BASED DELINEATION OF TIME PERIOD 4444 03:43:36,803 --> 03:43:37,970 ASSOCIATED WITH INSULT AND 4445 03:43:37,970 --> 03:43:41,474 THERAPEUTIC TIME INDUCED AND 4446 03:43:41,474 --> 03:43:42,108 OBSERVED SEX EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL 4447 03:43:42,108 --> 03:43:52,285 EXPOSURE. 4448 03:43:54,454 --> 03:43:57,824 AND LOOKING AT CELLS THAT VARY 4449 03:43:57,824 --> 03:44:03,796 ACROSS BRAIN REGION IMPACTING 4450 03:44:03,796 --> 03:44:14,340 LARGE BRAIN NETWORK AND CAUSING 4451 03:44:22,915 --> 03:44:25,785 PSYCHO TARGETS. 4452 03:44:25,785 --> 03:44:27,887 AND FOSTER INTEGRATION AMONG 4453 03:44:27,887 --> 03:44:31,891 DIFFERENT PROJECTS OF THE NADIA 4454 03:44:31,891 --> 03:44:34,727 CONSORTIUM TO ESCALATE THE 4455 03:44:34,727 --> 03:44:36,896 RESEARCH FINDINGS TO HUMAN 4456 03:44:36,896 --> 03:44:37,196 CONDITIONS. 4457 03:44:37,196 --> 03:44:38,798 I'LL STOP HERE AND TAKE ANY 4458 03:44:38,798 --> 03:44:39,899 QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS. 4459 03:44:39,899 --> 03:44:50,076 THANK YOU. 4460 03:44:53,312 --> 03:44:57,817 >> THE VOTE OF COUNCIL IS TO 4461 03:44:57,817 --> 03:44:59,252 ENDORSE SO ONE MEMBER OF COUNCIL 4462 03:44:59,252 --> 03:45:00,119 CAN ENDORSE AND THAT WOULD BE 4463 03:45:00,119 --> 03:45:04,457 FINE. 4464 03:45:04,457 --> 03:45:06,225 MORE THAN ONE IS BETTER BUT IF 4465 03:45:06,225 --> 03:45:07,493 SOMEONE CAN ENDORSE THE CONCEPT. 4466 03:45:07,493 --> 03:45:11,798 >> THE FIRST THING WOULD BE ANY 4467 03:45:11,798 --> 03:45:22,475 QUESTIONS FOR MOE -- MOHAMMED. 4468 03:45:22,475 --> 03:45:23,543 THE SLIDES WERE CLEAR. 4469 03:45:23,543 --> 03:45:34,053 WOULD SOMEONE LIKE TO ENDORSE. 4470 03:45:34,320 --> 03:45:36,856 >> I MOVE TO ENDORSE. 4471 03:45:36,856 --> 03:45:38,524 >> THANK YOU. 4472 03:45:38,524 --> 03:45:40,793 LAURA KWAKO WILL TALK 4473 03:45:40,793 --> 03:45:41,727 INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT 4474 03:45:41,727 --> 03:45:47,400 ALCOHOL RELATED EDUCATIONAL 4475 03:45:47,400 --> 03:45:47,667 OUTREACH. 4476 03:45:47,667 --> 03:45:48,801 I BELIEVE THIS EVOLVED FROM 4477 03:45:48,801 --> 03:45:59,145 COUNCIL DISCUSSIONS. 4478 03:46:27,340 --> 03:46:29,041 >> THANK YOU, EVERYONE AND THANK 4479 03:46:29,041 --> 03:46:31,477 YOU MOHAMMED BECAUSE YOU SET THE 4480 03:46:31,477 --> 03:46:32,411 STAGE BEAUTIFULLY FOR THE 4481 03:46:32,411 --> 03:46:34,947 CONCEPT CLEARANCE I'LL BE 4482 03:46:34,947 --> 03:46:36,415 PRESENTING BUT THAT HIGHLIGHTS 4483 03:46:36,415 --> 03:46:39,485 NIAAA'S FOCUS ON YOUNG ADULT 4484 03:46:39,485 --> 03:46:39,952 DRINKING. 4485 03:46:39,952 --> 03:46:42,288 I'M LAURA KWAKO CHIEF OF THE 4486 03:46:42,288 --> 03:46:44,490 TRAINING HEALTH SERVICES AND 4487 03:46:44,490 --> 03:46:45,691 RECOVERY BRANCH HERE AT NIAAA. 4488 03:46:45,691 --> 03:46:49,095 I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE MY 4489 03:46:49,095 --> 03:46:54,400 CO-CREATORS THUS FAR ON THIS 4490 03:46:54,400 --> 03:46:54,634 CONCEPT. 4491 03:46:54,634 --> 03:46:57,603 OUR DIRECTOR OF TREATMENT 4492 03:46:57,603 --> 03:46:58,804 RECOVERY AND OUR PROGRAM 4493 03:46:58,804 --> 03:47:02,008 DIRECTOR WITHIN MY BRANCH WITHIN 4494 03:47:02,008 --> 03:47:02,775 OUR DIVISION. 4495 03:47:02,775 --> 03:47:04,710 THIS WAS A TEAM EFFORT. 4496 03:47:04,710 --> 03:47:10,683 I'LL TALK ABOUT AN R52 EDUCATION 4497 03:47:10,683 --> 03:47:11,817 OUTREACH MECHANISM FOCUSSED ON 4498 03:47:11,817 --> 03:47:15,955 ALCOHOL EDUCATION AND OUTREACH 4499 03:47:15,955 --> 03:47:25,798 FOR YOUNG ADULTS. 4500 03:47:25,798 --> 03:47:29,201 SO MANY MAY NOT BE FAMILIAR WITH 4501 03:47:29,201 --> 03:47:32,872 THE R25 MECHANISM. 4502 03:47:32,872 --> 03:47:35,374 IT'S NOT UP WITH OF THE MOST 4503 03:47:35,374 --> 03:47:36,709 COMMONLY FUNDED AT NIH PUT WE'RE 4504 03:47:36,709 --> 03:47:39,679 FANS OF IT AT NIAAA AND IT 4505 03:47:39,679 --> 03:47:41,847 FOCUSES ON RESEARCH EDUCATION 4506 03:47:41,847 --> 03:47:44,016 AND PROVIDING RESEARCH EDUCATION 4507 03:47:44,016 --> 03:47:45,051 ACTIVITIES IN THE MISSION AREAS 4508 03:47:45,051 --> 03:47:47,687 OF THE VARIOUS INSTITUTES AND 4509 03:47:47,687 --> 03:47:47,920 CENTERS. 4510 03:47:47,920 --> 03:47:53,492 SO THE OVER ARCHING GOAL IS TO 4511 03:47:53,492 --> 03:47:56,295 REDUCE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND 4512 03:47:56,295 --> 03:47:58,764 REDUCE EQUITY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS 4513 03:47:58,764 --> 03:47:59,732 WITH COMMUNITY BASED AND HIGHER 4514 03:47:59,732 --> 03:48:01,400 EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE. 4515 03:48:01,400 --> 03:48:04,370 AS YOU HEARD FROM THE PREVIOUS 4516 03:48:04,370 --> 03:48:07,039 PRESENTATION THERE ARE ENORMOUS 4517 03:48:07,039 --> 03:48:09,842 NEGATIVE SEQUENCES TO ALCOHOL 4518 03:48:09,842 --> 03:48:15,948 CONSUMPTION IN ADOLESCENCE AND 4519 03:48:15,948 --> 03:48:18,517 ADULTHOOD AND WE KNOW IT'S 4520 03:48:18,517 --> 03:48:20,853 COMMON TO DRINK HEAVILY AND IT'S 4521 03:48:20,853 --> 03:48:22,488 NORMALIZED IN A LOT OF SETTINGS 4522 03:48:22,488 --> 03:48:23,322 AND MANY HIGHER EDUCATION 4523 03:48:23,322 --> 03:48:23,956 SETTINGS AND COMMUNITY ONES AS 4524 03:48:23,956 --> 03:48:30,830 WELL. 4525 03:48:30,830 --> 03:48:32,598 YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT A COMMENT 4526 03:48:32,598 --> 03:48:43,209 MADE AT THE LAST MEETING 4527 03:48:43,209 --> 03:48:46,512 AMBASSADORS GETTING THE WORD 4528 03:48:46,512 --> 03:48:46,679 OUT. 4529 03:48:46,679 --> 03:48:50,116 THAT SPARKED SOMETHING AND THANK 4530 03:48:50,116 --> 03:48:51,083 YOU FOR THAT. 4531 03:48:51,083 --> 03:49:01,127 WE LOOK FORWARD TO THAT. 4532 03:49:01,127 --> 03:49:07,633 THIS IS NO NOT A RE-ISSUE IS A 4533 03:49:07,633 --> 03:49:09,635 BRAND NEW AND WILL HAVE MULTIPLE 4534 03:49:09,635 --> 03:49:10,369 AREAS OF FOCUS. 4535 03:49:10,369 --> 03:49:11,404 IT'S A BROAD PROBLEM. 4536 03:49:11,404 --> 03:49:14,140 WE WANT TO CAST A WIDE NET IN 4537 03:49:14,140 --> 03:49:18,911 THINKING HOW TO APPROACH IT. 4538 03:49:18,911 --> 03:49:20,413 FOCUS ON COMMUNITY NEEDS 4539 03:49:20,413 --> 03:49:22,415 ASSESSMENT AND LANDSCAPE 4540 03:49:22,415 --> 03:49:22,682 ANALYSIS. 4541 03:49:22,682 --> 03:49:24,116 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COORDINATED 4542 03:49:24,116 --> 03:49:25,584 IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL 4543 03:49:25,584 --> 03:49:27,119 OUTREACH PROGRAM FOCUSSED ON 4544 03:49:27,119 --> 03:49:27,887 ALCOHOL PREVENTION AND HARM 4545 03:49:27,887 --> 03:49:30,856 REDUCTION. 4546 03:49:30,856 --> 03:49:31,657 AND EVIDENCE-BASED HEALTH 4547 03:49:31,657 --> 03:49:34,493 RESOURCES AND DIGITAL OUTREACH. 4548 03:49:34,493 --> 03:49:36,729 USING SOME NOVEL APPROACHES TO 4549 03:49:36,729 --> 03:49:39,899 GET THE WORD OUT AND TO PROVIDE 4550 03:49:39,899 --> 03:49:41,400 INFORMATION TO PEOPLE. 4551 03:49:41,400 --> 03:49:50,810 AND PROGRAM EVALUATION OF HARM 4552 03:49:50,810 --> 03:49:52,278 AND RECRUIT AND TRAIN COHORTS OF 4553 03:49:52,278 --> 03:49:54,180 STUDENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE TO 4554 03:49:54,180 --> 03:49:55,514 FACILITATE EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH. 4555 03:49:55,514 --> 03:49:57,783 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT WHAT 4556 03:49:57,783 --> 03:50:00,686 PROGRAMS WE MIGHT SEE IN THIS 4557 03:50:00,686 --> 03:50:04,857 AREA AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH 4558 03:50:04,857 --> 03:50:05,357 SUSTAINABILITY. 4559 03:50:05,357 --> 03:50:10,863 SO IN COLLABORATION WITH 4560 03:50:10,863 --> 03:50:11,464 COMMUN 4561 03:50:11,464 --> 03:50:12,064 PARTNERS WE WANT SOMETHING 4562 03:50:12,064 --> 03:50:13,399 THAT'S ROBUST AND LAST AND 4563 03:50:13,399 --> 03:50:15,468 ENDURE IN COMMUNITIES AND 4564 03:50:15,468 --> 03:50:17,436 IDEALLY CREATE LASTING CHANGE 4565 03:50:17,436 --> 03:50:20,840 WHEN WE THINK HOW YOUNG PEOPLE 4566 03:50:20,840 --> 03:50:22,274 DRINK AND WHAT THEY KNOW ABOUT 4567 03:50:22,274 --> 03:50:23,209 ALCOHOL. 4568 03:50:23,209 --> 03:50:25,010 ELIGIBLE PARTICIPANTS. 4569 03:50:25,010 --> 03:50:26,979 IN AN R25 THE PARTICIPANTS ARE 4570 03:50:26,979 --> 03:50:28,013 THE TARGET OF THE OUTREACH 4571 03:50:28,013 --> 03:50:28,280 PROGRAM. 4572 03:50:28,280 --> 03:50:30,049 THESE ARE THE FOLKS WE'RE TRYING 4573 03:50:30,049 --> 03:50:30,649 TO REACH. 4574 03:50:30,649 --> 03:50:33,586 THAT INCLUDES YOUNG ADULTS 4575 03:50:33,586 --> 03:50:35,154 AFFILIATED WITH COMMUNITY 4576 03:50:35,154 --> 03:50:35,488 ORGANIZATIONS. 4577 03:50:35,488 --> 03:50:37,490 THESE ARE BROADLY DEFINED. 4578 03:50:37,490 --> 03:50:40,526 THESE ARE EXAMPLES NOT LIMITED 4579 03:50:40,526 --> 03:50:42,194 TO THE GROUPS BUT INDIVIDUALS 4580 03:50:42,194 --> 03:50:44,497 WHO RECEIVE SERVICES FROM HEALTH 4581 03:50:44,497 --> 03:50:46,665 CENTERS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, 4582 03:50:46,665 --> 03:50:51,237 FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, EVEN 4583 03:50:51,237 --> 03:50:55,975 BIG BROTHERS AND BIG SISTERS AND 4584 03:50:55,975 --> 03:50:58,377 THERE'S A LOT OF ORGANIZATIONS 4585 03:50:58,377 --> 03:50:59,678 AND STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 4586 03:50:59,678 --> 03:51:04,049 SETTINGS, PRIVATE, PUBLIC, 4587 03:51:04,049 --> 03:51:07,887 HBCUs, ETCETERA. 4588 03:51:07,887 --> 03:51:10,623 THIS MECHANISM WILL REQUIRE A 4589 03:51:10,623 --> 03:51:12,124 PLAN FOR ENHANCING DIVERSE 4590 03:51:12,124 --> 03:51:13,425 PERSPECTIVES. 4591 03:51:13,425 --> 03:51:21,767 YOU HEARD ABOUT THAT DURING JOHN 4592 03:51:21,767 --> 03:51:24,069 GNAI'S PRESENTATION AND RESEARCH 4593 03:51:24,069 --> 03:51:27,139 TEAM MUST BE DIVERSE IN 4594 03:51:27,139 --> 03:51:28,474 BACKGROUND AND QUESTIONS 4595 03:51:28,474 --> 03:51:36,182 INFORMED BY PATIENT AND FAMILY 4596 03:51:36,182 --> 03:51:42,354 PERSPECTIVES AND IN EVALUATION 4597 03:51:42,354 --> 03:51:43,556 DURING THE PEER REVIEW CRISIS. 4598 03:51:43,556 --> 03:51:45,791 THIS IS PART OF THE SCORABLE 4599 03:51:45,791 --> 03:51:46,058 CRITERIA. 4600 03:51:46,058 --> 03:51:47,626 IT'S A PRETTY ROBUST REVIEW 4601 03:51:47,626 --> 03:51:52,965 RECEIVED. 4602 03:51:52,965 --> 03:51:58,704 IN TERMS OF OUTCOME AND 4603 03:51:58,704 --> 03:52:01,407 JUSTIFICATION WE KNOW YOUNG 4604 03:52:01,407 --> 03:52:03,909 ADULTS IN THE U.S. DRINK WHO 4605 03:52:03,909 --> 03:52:05,044 WILL AT HIGH RATES INCLUDING 4606 03:52:05,044 --> 03:52:07,079 FREQUENT BINGE AND HEAVY 4607 03:52:07,079 --> 03:52:11,884 DRINKING AND WHAT WE CALL HIGH 4608 03:52:11,884 --> 03:52:12,852 INTENSITY DRINKING. 4609 03:52:12,852 --> 03:52:15,721 RATES OF HEAVY DRINKING HAVE 4610 03:52:15,721 --> 03:52:16,889 DECLINED OVER TIME. 4611 03:52:16,889 --> 03:52:19,892 BUT WE HAVEN'T YET SEEN THIS 4612 03:52:19,892 --> 03:52:22,561 DEEP DECLINE REALLY PERSISTS 4613 03:52:22,561 --> 03:52:24,363 PAST YOUNG ADULTHOOD 4614 03:52:24,363 --> 03:52:25,264 PARTICULARLY IN WOMEN. 4615 03:52:25,264 --> 03:52:29,335 WHILE RATES OF USE DRINKING ARE 4616 03:52:29,335 --> 03:52:32,738 GOING DOWN AS THEY GET OLDER, 4617 03:52:32,738 --> 03:52:36,609 WOMEN ARE DRINKING MORE THAN IS 4618 03:52:36,609 --> 03:52:37,576 GOOD FOR THEIR HEALTH AND THIS 4619 03:52:37,576 --> 03:52:40,880 IS SOMETHING WE WANT TO ADDRESS. 4620 03:52:40,880 --> 03:52:45,718 WE KNOW UNFORTUNATELY AND THIS 4621 03:52:45,718 --> 03:52:48,787 IS FAIRLY RECENT THAT WOMEN IN 4622 03:52:48,787 --> 03:52:50,990 THE YOUNG ADULT AGE GROUP ARE 4623 03:52:50,990 --> 03:52:53,292 MORE LIKELY TO BINGE DRINK THAN 4624 03:52:53,292 --> 03:52:55,628 MEN AND SUFFER ALCOHOL RELATED 4625 03:52:55,628 --> 03:52:59,164 HARM THAN MEN, PHYSIOLOGIC AND 4626 03:52:59,164 --> 03:53:00,165 WITH EXPOSURE TO PARTNER 4627 03:53:00,165 --> 03:53:03,535 VIOLENCE AND OTHER CONSEQUENCES. 4628 03:53:03,535 --> 03:53:06,005 DEVELOPING THIS KIND OF ALCOHOL 4629 03:53:06,005 --> 03:53:07,806 FOCUSSED EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH IN 4630 03:53:07,806 --> 03:53:09,742 COMMUNITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 4631 03:53:09,742 --> 03:53:15,948 SETTINGS WILL OFFER A CHANCE TO 4632 03:53:15,948 --> 03:53:16,982 ADDRESS HEALTH EQUITY NEEDS AND 4633 03:53:16,982 --> 03:53:21,020 BY FOCUSSING ON THE 4634 03:53:21,020 --> 03:53:21,687 SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PROGRAMS 4635 03:53:21,687 --> 03:53:25,624 WE CAN INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD 4636 03:53:25,624 --> 03:53:26,125 THEY'LL OFFER CONTINUED 4637 03:53:26,125 --> 03:53:27,559 BENEFITS. 4638 03:53:27,559 --> 03:53:33,365 THAT'S ALL I HAVE BY WAY OF 4639 03:53:33,365 --> 03:53:36,669 CONTENT BUT I OPEN IT UP TO YOUR 4640 03:53:36,669 --> 03:53:44,476 QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS. 4641 03:53:44,476 --> 03:53:45,244 >> IT SOUNDS GREAT. 4642 03:53:45,244 --> 03:53:53,986 I HAVE A BUNCH OF QUESTIONS. 4643 03:53:53,986 --> 03:53:55,888 I'M INVOLVED IN A SUPPORT SYSTEM 4644 03:53:55,888 --> 03:53:58,190 AND THE OPIOID RESPONSE NETWORK 4645 03:53:58,190 --> 03:53:59,892 AND WORK WITH A LOT OF 4646 03:53:59,892 --> 03:54:02,494 COMMUNITIES AND IT'S NATIONAL 4647 03:54:02,494 --> 03:54:03,729 SUPPORTED BY SAMHSA. 4648 03:54:03,729 --> 03:54:07,399 IT HAS TO BE A PROFESSIONAL 4649 03:54:07,399 --> 03:54:07,733 ORGANIZATION. 4650 03:54:07,733 --> 03:54:14,640 CAN THIS BE A PROFESSIONAL 4651 03:54:14,640 --> 03:54:18,110 ORGANIZATION OR AN INDIVIDUAL 4652 03:54:18,110 --> 03:54:18,410 P.I. 4653 03:54:18,410 --> 03:54:20,546 SOME HAVE COMMUNITY OUTREACH. 4654 03:54:20,546 --> 03:54:22,781 THE SECOND QUESTION IS SO MANY 4655 03:54:22,781 --> 03:54:28,988 KIDS, YOUNG ADULTS ARE USING 4656 03:54:28,988 --> 03:54:29,588 MARIJUANA AS WELL AS ALCOHOL. 4657 03:54:29,588 --> 03:54:31,023 IT'S INTERCHANGEABLE. 4658 03:54:31,023 --> 03:54:34,159 DO WE NEED TO FOCUS ON ALCOHOL 4659 03:54:34,159 --> 03:54:41,967 OR COULD IT BE COMORBID OTHER 4660 03:54:41,967 --> 03:54:42,501 DRUGS. 4661 03:54:42,501 --> 03:54:43,902 >> BECAUSE WE'RE NIAAA OUR 4662 03:54:43,902 --> 03:54:45,237 NOTICE OF FUND BEING OPPORTUNITY 4663 03:54:45,237 --> 03:54:47,906 FOCUS PRIMARILY ON ALCOHOL BUT 4664 03:54:47,906 --> 03:54:51,043 SOME CAN AND SHOULD INCLUDE 4665 03:54:51,043 --> 03:54:52,344 OTHER SUBSTANCES WHEN IT'S 4666 03:54:52,344 --> 03:54:52,611 RELEVANT. 4667 03:54:52,611 --> 03:54:54,146 WE CAN BUILD THAT LANGUAGE IN 4668 03:54:54,146 --> 03:54:56,448 WHEN WE'RE WRITING UP THE 4669 03:54:56,448 --> 03:54:56,982 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY. 4670 03:54:56,982 --> 03:54:58,517 >> OKAY. 4671 03:54:58,517 --> 03:54:59,885 SORRY, I'M TAKING SO MUCH TIME 4672 03:54:59,885 --> 03:55:02,388 BUT I'M EXCITED ABOUT THIS 4673 03:55:02,388 --> 03:55:03,822 BECAUSE I LIKE EDUCATION. 4674 03:55:03,822 --> 03:55:06,959 THIRD QUESTION IS I HAVE BEEN 4675 03:55:06,959 --> 03:55:13,032 INVOLVED WITH R25s TRAINING 4676 03:55:13,032 --> 03:55:14,533 INDIVIDUALS IN RESEARCH AND 4677 03:55:14,533 --> 03:55:18,203 PSYCHIATRY OR OTHER REPRESENTED 4678 03:55:18,203 --> 03:55:23,909 MINORITIES AND THIS SOUNDS LIKE 4679 03:55:23,909 --> 03:55:26,845 IT'S TRAINING THE TRAINERS. 4680 03:55:26,845 --> 03:55:30,182 IS PART OF THIS SO DEVELOP A 4681 03:55:30,182 --> 03:55:32,117 CURRICULUM OR TO TRAIN THEM? 4682 03:55:32,117 --> 03:55:33,986 ALSO MY OTHER QUESTION IS I'M 4683 03:55:33,986 --> 03:55:36,488 NOT AWARE OF BUT IT SOUND LIKE 4684 03:55:36,488 --> 03:55:37,356 YOU WANT A RESEARCH COMPONENT 4685 03:55:37,356 --> 03:55:41,226 AND I WASN'T AWARE OR MORE 4686 03:55:41,226 --> 03:55:42,895 DEMONSTRATION WHICH IS MORE LIKE 4687 03:55:42,895 --> 03:55:44,530 A SAMHSA THING WHERE YOU 4688 03:55:44,530 --> 03:55:46,231 DEMONSTRATE WHAT DOING AND SHOW 4689 03:55:46,231 --> 03:55:47,900 THE EXTENT OF WHAT YOU'RE DOING 4690 03:55:47,900 --> 03:55:49,935 BUT NOT PUTTING IN A RESEARCH 4691 03:55:49,935 --> 03:55:50,769 QUESTION TO TEST? 4692 03:55:50,769 --> 03:55:52,771 THOSE ARE MY QUESTIONS AND THEN 4693 03:55:52,771 --> 03:55:54,573 I'LL SHUT UP. 4694 03:55:54,573 --> 03:55:56,975 >> GREAT QUESTIONS. 4695 03:55:59,478 --> 03:56:03,515 R25s NEED TO INCLUDE A RESEARCH 4696 03:56:03,515 --> 03:56:08,954 COMPONENT DIFFERENT THAN AN R01 4697 03:56:08,954 --> 03:56:11,156 PUT ALL OF THESE REGARDLESS OF 4698 03:56:11,156 --> 03:56:16,261 THE FORM HAVE TO INCLUDE SOME 4699 03:56:16,261 --> 03:56:18,063 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS OF 4700 03:56:18,063 --> 03:56:19,264 WHATEVER THEY'RE PLANNING TO DO 4701 03:56:19,264 --> 03:56:19,932 AND THERE'S DIFFERENT THINGS WE 4702 03:56:19,932 --> 03:56:23,735 COULD PLAN TO DO. 4703 03:56:23,735 --> 03:56:25,170 WITH RESPECT TO THE TRAIN THE 4704 03:56:25,170 --> 03:56:27,940 TRAINERS QUESTION, THAT IS KIND 4705 03:56:27,940 --> 03:56:29,041 OF OUR GOAL. 4706 03:56:29,041 --> 03:56:35,781 THE IDEA THAT IF WE CAN EDUCATE 4707 03:56:35,781 --> 03:56:37,282 PEOPLE AND TRAIN THEM TO BE 4708 03:56:37,282 --> 03:56:38,417 AMBASSADORS OR THE TOPIC COULD 4709 03:56:38,417 --> 03:56:43,655 BE SUSTAINABLE. 4710 03:56:43,655 --> 03:56:46,191 WE DO SUPPORT OTHER R52 4711 03:56:46,191 --> 03:56:46,492 MECHANISMS. 4712 03:56:46,492 --> 03:56:48,760 WE HAVE THOSE FOR PRACTICING 4713 03:56:48,760 --> 03:56:49,495 HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS. 4714 03:56:49,495 --> 03:56:51,697 NOT SPECIFICALLY FOR RESEARCH 4715 03:56:51,697 --> 03:56:52,965 CAREERS BUT PEOPLE OUT IN 4716 03:56:52,965 --> 03:56:56,535 PRACTICE BUT MAY NOT BE AWARE OF 4717 03:56:56,535 --> 03:56:58,203 ALCOHOL OR KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT 4718 03:56:58,203 --> 03:57:03,909 AND WE HAVE R25s THAT SUPPORT 4719 03:57:03,909 --> 03:57:04,176 THAT. 4720 03:57:04,176 --> 03:57:05,978 THAT'S MORE THE MODEL OF WHAT 4721 03:57:05,978 --> 03:57:06,578 WE'RE TRYING TO DO. 4722 03:57:06,578 --> 03:57:12,184 >> THANK YOU. 4723 03:57:12,184 --> 03:57:16,088 >> I LOVE THE IDEA AND IT FITS 4724 03:57:16,088 --> 03:57:18,190 WITH WE HAVE EMPIRICALLY 4725 03:57:18,190 --> 03:57:19,892 SUPPORTED APPROACHES FOR YOUNG 4726 03:57:19,892 --> 03:57:23,228 ADULTS WE THEN CAN'T SEEM TO GET 4727 03:57:23,228 --> 03:57:23,662 TO STICK. 4728 03:57:23,662 --> 03:57:30,202 VEEP AS I SAY THAT, I'M THINKING 4729 03:57:30,202 --> 03:57:33,705 OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 4730 03:57:33,705 --> 03:57:34,873 COLLEGE STUDENTS AND WORK WITH 4731 03:57:34,873 --> 03:57:36,808 COLLEGE STUDENTS YOU CAN GET 4732 03:57:36,808 --> 03:57:38,877 ACCESS, THEY GET ENGAGED, 4733 03:57:38,877 --> 03:57:41,747 THEY'RE MOTIVATED AND THEY'LL DO 4734 03:57:41,747 --> 03:57:43,749 EVERYTHING FOR NOTHING. 4735 03:57:43,749 --> 03:57:44,983 RELATIVELY EASY, CAPTURE 4736 03:57:44,983 --> 03:57:46,919 POPULATION, EASY TO GET. 4737 03:57:46,919 --> 03:57:48,687 THERE'S BEEN MORE ATTENTION 4738 03:57:48,687 --> 03:57:54,193 LATELY TO NON-COLLEGE YOUNG 4739 03:57:54,193 --> 03:57:54,660 ADULTS. 4740 03:57:54,660 --> 03:57:59,998 MORE FOCUS ON THE HIGH RISK. 4741 03:57:59,998 --> 03:58:01,533 WE'RE SEEING ALCOHOL USE IN 4742 03:58:01,533 --> 03:58:03,902 NON-COLLEGE YOUNG ADULTS BEING 4743 03:58:03,902 --> 03:58:10,742 HIGHER THAN COLLEGE STUDENTS. 4744 03:58:10,742 --> 03:58:15,147 THEY'RE SO MUCH HARDER TO FIND. 4745 03:58:15,147 --> 03:58:15,380 THERE'S. 4746 03:58:15,380 --> 03:58:15,981 MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWS AND 4747 03:58:15,981 --> 03:58:19,117 THEY'RE HARD TO GET ENGAGED. 4748 03:58:19,117 --> 03:58:22,387 I KNOW AT LEAST HALF A DOZEN 4749 03:58:22,387 --> 03:58:23,922 PROJECTS ONGOING TRYING TO 4750 03:58:23,922 --> 03:58:25,123 ENGAGE NON-COLLEGE YOUNG ADULTS 4751 03:58:25,123 --> 03:58:30,229 AND HAVING A HARD TIME. 4752 03:58:30,229 --> 03:58:33,999 BECAUSE THEY'RE SO DISPERSE. 4753 03:58:33,999 --> 03:58:35,767 I HAVE A COUPLE THOUGHTS AND IT 4754 03:58:35,767 --> 03:58:40,439 WILL BE LIKE THE PROOF'S IN THE 4755 03:58:40,439 --> 03:58:40,806 PUDDING. 4756 03:58:40,806 --> 03:58:42,274 CAN YOU FIND A COMMUNITY OF 4757 03:58:42,274 --> 03:58:47,679 PEOPLE AT HIGH RISK BURT WHERE 4758 03:58:47,679 --> 03:58:54,219 DO YOU FIND THEM? 4759 03:58:54,219 --> 03:58:56,822 THEY'RE NOT GOING TO BE AT 4760 03:58:56,822 --> 03:58:58,757 CHURCH, MAYBE YOUTH PRIDE OR 4761 03:58:58,757 --> 03:59:00,959 PLACES WHERE AYOUNG ADULTS 4762 03:59:00,959 --> 03:59:01,326 GATHER. 4763 03:59:01,326 --> 03:59:05,797 THE ENGAGEMENT OF THE COMMUNITY 4764 03:59:05,797 --> 03:59:07,032 I APPRECIATE BECAUSE THEY HAVE 4765 03:59:07,032 --> 03:59:10,002 TO TELL YOU WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO 4766 03:59:10,002 --> 03:59:11,903 THEM AND BE A PART OF THE 4767 03:59:11,903 --> 03:59:14,806 SOLUTION AND BUILDING IT. 4768 03:59:14,806 --> 03:59:16,308 ONE OF THE THINGS MY COLLEAGUES 4769 03:59:16,308 --> 03:59:22,981 IS FOCUSSING ON IS HIGH RISK 4770 03:59:22,981 --> 03:59:24,683 OCCUPATIONS. 4771 03:59:24,683 --> 03:59:30,322 TRADES, TRADE SCHOOLS OR WE HAVE 4772 03:59:30,322 --> 03:59:34,693 ELECTRICIANS AND THEY'RE NEW 4773 03:59:34,693 --> 03:59:37,896 JOBS, CONSTRUCTION, HIGHER RISK 4774 03:59:37,896 --> 03:59:39,564 JOBS PEOPLE THAT DO NOT HAVE 4775 03:59:39,564 --> 03:59:40,332 COLLEGE EDUCATIONS ARE LIKELY TO 4776 03:59:40,332 --> 03:59:40,932 BE IN. 4777 03:59:40,932 --> 03:59:43,902 THAT'S ONE IDEA I HAVE AS A WAY 4778 03:59:43,902 --> 03:59:51,410 TO FACILITATE PEOPLE TO ENGAGE 4779 03:59:51,410 --> 03:59:53,945 WITH OUR DEPARTMENT AND ONE LAST 4780 03:59:53,945 --> 03:59:54,346 THOUGHT. 4781 03:59:54,346 --> 03:59:57,683 WHAT YOU'RE DESCRIBING IN 4782 03:59:57,683 --> 03:59:58,750 TRAINING THE TRAINER FITS THE 4783 03:59:58,750 --> 04:00:02,487 THEORY WHICH IS THE IDEA YOU CAN 4784 04:00:02,487 --> 04:00:04,890 TEACH PEOPLE WHAT TO DO AND DO 4785 04:00:04,890 --> 04:00:06,358 TO SUPPORT THEIR COMMUNITY AND 4786 04:00:06,358 --> 04:00:16,001 FRIENDS. 4787 04:00:16,001 --> 04:00:18,303 THERE'S SOMETHING THAT HAS 4788 04:00:18,303 --> 04:00:21,273 STANDING IN TERMS OF HOW TO 4789 04:00:21,273 --> 04:00:25,210 TRAIN OR BULLYING BUT NOT FOR 4790 04:00:25,210 --> 04:00:26,878 ALCOHOL AND NEED TO IMPROVE 4791 04:00:26,878 --> 04:00:27,546 SKILLS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THAT 4792 04:00:27,546 --> 04:00:27,813 BEHAVIOR. 4793 04:00:27,813 --> 04:00:37,989 THANK YOU. 4794 04:00:40,625 --> 04:00:41,526 >> I'M WE'RE RAPIDLY GETTING 4795 04:00:41,526 --> 04:00:43,795 TOWARD THE END OF OUR DAY. 4796 04:00:43,795 --> 04:00:45,797 I DO APPRECIATE THESE COMMENTS. 4797 04:00:45,797 --> 04:00:50,035 I'M SURE LAURA DOES AS WELL. 4798 04:00:50,035 --> 04:00:51,470 FEEL FREE TO SEND HER MORE 4799 04:00:51,470 --> 04:00:51,903 COMMENTS. 4800 04:00:51,903 --> 04:01:00,645 YOU'RE MOST WELCOME TO. 4801 04:01:00,645 --> 04:01:01,513 LOOKING AT PROFESSIONAL 4802 04:01:01,513 --> 04:01:02,481 ORGANIZATIONS IS PROBABLY ONE 4803 04:01:02,481 --> 04:01:06,385 WAY TO GET LEVERAGE. 4804 04:01:06,385 --> 04:01:08,720 WE'VE BEEN ASKED LIKE 4805 04:01:08,720 --> 04:01:10,122 FIREFIGHTERS THE WORLD HEALTH 4806 04:01:10,122 --> 04:01:12,858 ORGANIZATION TO DEAL WITH THE 4807 04:01:12,858 --> 04:01:17,796 WORKPLACE PROBLEM ASSOCIATED 4808 04:01:17,796 --> 04:01:18,497 WITH ALCOHOL. 4809 04:01:18,497 --> 04:01:23,835 WE NEED ENDORSEMENT. 4810 04:01:23,835 --> 04:01:24,736 WE GOT TWO. 4811 04:01:24,736 --> 04:01:25,670 YOU'RE GOOD. 4812 04:01:25,670 --> 04:01:26,838 NEXT IS BOB FREEMAN. 4813 04:01:26,838 --> 04:01:29,908 HE'S TAKING THE YEOMAN'S JOB OF 4814 04:01:29,908 --> 04:01:35,647 DOING TWO CONCEPT CLEARANCES AND 4815 04:01:35,647 --> 04:01:37,549 TALK ABOUT ALCOHOL-ACTIVATED 4816 04:01:37,549 --> 04:01:39,751 LOCKING SYSTEMS FOR FIRE RARMZ 4817 04:01:39,751 --> 04:01:41,720 AND FIRE RARM STOERNL AND 4818 04:01:41,720 --> 04:01:43,722 REPRESENTATION FOR ALL FOR SBIR 4819 04:01:43,722 --> 04:01:46,458 CONTRACT RESEARCH AND USING 4820 04:01:46,458 --> 04:01:48,393 COMMUNITY-BASED PARTS PRA TRY 4821 04:01:48,393 --> 04:01:51,329 RESEARCH TO OPTIMIZE ALCOHOL 4822 04:01:51,329 --> 04:01:54,366 SCREENING IN INTERVENTION IN 4823 04:01:54,366 --> 04:02:03,875 U.S. HEALTH DISPARITY AND SOCIO 4824 04:02:03,875 --> 04:02:06,711 ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED 4825 04:02:06,711 --> 04:02:07,045 COMMUNITIES. 4826 04:02:07,045 --> 04:02:10,682 THE FIRST IDEA WAS A SIMPLE 4827 04:02:10,682 --> 04:02:15,387 REQUEST TO ADD THE TOPIC TO THE 4828 04:02:15,387 --> 04:02:16,721 SBIR, SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION 4829 04:02:16,721 --> 04:02:18,457 AND RESEARCH CONTRACTS 4830 04:02:18,457 --> 04:02:21,026 SOLICITATION AND APPARENTLY IT 4831 04:02:21,026 --> 04:02:21,660 REQUIRED CLEARANCE SO THAT'S WHY 4832 04:02:21,660 --> 04:02:31,269 I'M HERE. 4833 04:02:31,269 --> 04:02:41,780 THE BACKGROUND AND THERE WERE 4834 04:03:30,896 --> 04:03:35,967 OVERLAPPING AREAS OF FIREARMS 4835 04:03:35,967 --> 04:03:37,903 AND SUICIDE AND DRINKING. 4836 04:03:37,903 --> 04:03:41,306 THEY CAUSED 45,000 DEATHS IN THE 4837 04:03:41,306 --> 04:03:46,778 U.S. OVER 2020 IN THE U.S. AND 4838 04:03:46,778 --> 04:03:50,348 HALF WERE SUICIDES. 4839 04:03:50,348 --> 04:03:53,752 AND FIREARM RELATED INJURIES ARE 4840 04:03:53,752 --> 04:04:00,458 THE LEADING CAUSE OF YOUTH 9 TO 4841 04:04:00,458 --> 04:04:07,732 18 AND SUICIDE RATES INCREASED 4842 04:04:07,732 --> 04:04:11,636 FROM 2001 AND 2021 RAND THE 4843 04:04:11,636 --> 04:04:14,539 SUICIDE RATE BY FIREARM 4844 04:04:14,539 --> 04:04:18,476 INCREASED AND RATES 15% AMONG 4845 04:04:18,476 --> 04:04:23,515 YOUNG ADULTS BETWEEN 2019 AND 4846 04:04:23,515 --> 04:04:26,117 2020. 4847 04:04:26,117 --> 04:04:30,488 THE ALCOHOL USE AND LEGAL 4848 04:04:30,488 --> 04:04:35,193 INTOXICATION PRIOR TO SUICIDE IS 4849 04:04:35,193 --> 04:04:39,898 AND ACUTE USE OF ALCOHOL 4850 04:04:39,898 --> 04:04:46,938 INCREASES SUICIDAL IDEATION 4851 04:04:46,938 --> 04:04:51,910 PRIOR TO AN ATTEMPT AND SO WHAT 4852 04:04:51,910 --> 04:04:55,780 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IN THE 4853 04:04:55,780 --> 04:04:57,616 INITIATIVE IS TO DEVELOP ALCOHOL 4854 04:04:57,616 --> 04:05:00,485 ACTIVATED LOCKING SYSTEM FOR 4855 04:05:00,485 --> 04:05:03,888 FIREARMS AND/OR FIREARM STORAGE 4856 04:05:03,888 --> 04:05:09,461 UNITS. 4857 04:05:09,461 --> 04:05:16,501 THE ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN 4858 04:05:16,501 --> 04:05:18,470 DISINHIBITOR AND THERE'S 4859 04:05:18,470 --> 04:05:22,907 BENEFITS YOU WOULD THINK TO AN 4860 04:05:22,907 --> 04:05:23,908 ALCOHOL SENSOR DEVICE FOR AN 4861 04:05:23,908 --> 04:05:27,412 INDIVIDUAL WITH A DETECTABLE 4862 04:05:27,412 --> 04:05:30,315 ALCOHOL CONTENT LEVEL AMONG AN 4863 04:05:30,315 --> 04:05:30,782 ESTABLISHED LIMIT. 4864 04:05:30,782 --> 04:05:35,887 AND MIGHT EN LANCE THE SAFE 4865 04:05:35,887 --> 04:05:39,758 STORAGE OF FIREARMS BY BLOCKING 4866 04:05:39,758 --> 04:05:45,330 THE UNIT WHEN IT DETECT THE 4867 04:05:45,330 --> 04:05:53,471 ALCOHOL LEVEL IS OVER THE LIMIT. 4868 04:05:53,471 --> 04:05:55,273 OWNERS PREFER THEIR FIREARMS ARE 4869 04:05:55,273 --> 04:06:00,879 LOADED AND UNLOCKED AND THE 4870 04:06:00,879 --> 04:06:02,280 NUMBER ONE REASON IS THEY WANT 4871 04:06:02,280 --> 04:06:03,748 TO PROTECT THE HOME AND KEEP 4872 04:06:03,748 --> 04:06:07,052 THEM LOADED AND UNLOCKED AND 4873 04:06:07,052 --> 04:06:08,653 THERE'S BEEN SEVERAL SAFETY 4874 04:06:08,653 --> 04:06:09,988 TECHNOLOGIES. 4875 04:06:09,988 --> 04:06:11,890 THE DEVICES THAT ARE BEING 4876 04:06:11,890 --> 04:06:13,491 OUTLINED HERE ARE SOMETHING 4877 04:06:13,491 --> 04:06:20,131 ANALOGOUS TO THE DEVICES YOU 4878 04:06:20,131 --> 04:06:26,938 SOMETIMES REQUIRED WITH A DRUNK 4879 04:06:26,938 --> 04:06:28,540 DRIVING OFFENSE AND PREVENT THE 4880 04:06:28,540 --> 04:06:30,742 START OF A VEHICLE UNTIL A BLOOD 4881 04:06:30,742 --> 04:06:32,610 ALCOHOL TEST HAS BEEN TAKEN. 4882 04:06:32,610 --> 04:06:36,781 THE CALL FOR THE CONTRACT 4883 04:06:36,781 --> 04:06:39,784 PROPOSALS FOLS SEVERAL NIH AND 4884 04:06:39,784 --> 04:06:41,386 FEDERAL EFFORTS STIMULATING 4885 04:06:41,386 --> 04:06:47,892 RESEARCH ON THE PRODUCTION OF 4886 04:06:47,892 --> 04:06:49,160 VIOLENCE. 4887 04:06:49,160 --> 04:06:59,437 AND THEY PROVIDED $12.5 MILLION 4888 04:06:59,437 --> 04:07:02,640 AND THERE'S NOFOS FOR THE 4889 04:07:02,640 --> 04:07:03,908 BUILDING ON OUR EXISTING 4890 04:07:03,908 --> 04:07:07,112 VIOLENCE RESEARCH PORTFOLIO. 4891 04:07:07,112 --> 04:07:12,484 IN FACT THIS MORNING THEY 4892 04:07:12,484 --> 04:07:15,920 DISCUSSING THE PAPER ON ALCOHOL 4893 04:07:15,920 --> 04:07:19,257 CONTROL POLICIES AND HOMICIDE. 4894 04:07:19,257 --> 04:07:23,795 THERE WAS A STUDY THAT CAME OUT 4895 04:07:23,795 --> 04:07:24,829 OF THIS APPROPRIATION. 4896 04:07:24,829 --> 04:07:27,298 WE DON'T HAVE AS MANY FIREARMS 4897 04:07:27,298 --> 04:07:28,767 GRANTS AS SOME OF THE OTHER 4898 04:07:28,767 --> 04:07:29,834 INSTITUTES HOWEVER, THAT IS ONE 4899 04:07:29,834 --> 04:07:34,873 OF THEM WE HAVE FUNDED. 4900 04:07:34,873 --> 04:07:41,446 ALSO RECENTLY THE SURGEON 4901 04:07:41,446 --> 04:07:48,219 GENERAL DECLARED A NEW DIVISION 4902 04:07:48,219 --> 04:07:49,654 AND THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR 4903 04:07:49,654 --> 04:07:53,992 SUICIDE PREVENTION HAS A GOAL TO 4904 04:07:53,992 --> 04:07:56,261 REDUCE ACCESS TO LETHAL MEANS 4905 04:07:56,261 --> 04:08:00,064 AMONG PEOPLE AT RISK FOR 4906 04:08:00,064 --> 04:08:02,600 SUICIDE. 4907 04:08:02,600 --> 04:08:07,005 AND WE GENERATE CONTRACT 4908 04:08:07,005 --> 04:08:13,611 PROPOSALS FOR A DEVICE AND 4909 04:08:13,611 --> 04:08:15,613 PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE LEVEL IS 4910 04:08:15,613 --> 04:08:17,615 INVOLVED WITH IMPAIRED DECISION 4911 04:08:17,615 --> 04:08:22,353 MAKING AND INJURIES AND SUCH 4912 04:08:22,353 --> 04:08:27,158 TECHNOLOGY CAN PROMOTE THE 4913 04:08:27,158 --> 04:08:28,493 STORAGE OF SAFE FIREARMS IN THE 4914 04:08:28,493 --> 04:08:31,729 HOME AND MAY HAVE AN IMPACT ON 4915 04:08:31,729 --> 04:08:33,598 THE EPIDEMIC OF ALCOHOL AND 4916 04:08:33,598 --> 04:08:35,900 FIREARM RELATED SUICIDE IN THE 4917 04:08:35,900 --> 04:08:43,007 U.S. 4918 04:08:43,007 --> 04:08:45,777 I'VE BEEN SCOURING THE INTERNET 4919 04:08:45,777 --> 04:08:46,811 LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE I THOUGHT 4920 04:08:46,811 --> 04:08:50,548 ABOUT THIS YEARS AND YEARS AGO. 4921 04:08:50,548 --> 04:08:53,785 TWO YEARS AGO I WAS ON A TEAM 4922 04:08:53,785 --> 04:08:55,253 ANNOUNCING THEY HAD DEVELOPED 4923 04:08:55,253 --> 04:08:59,490 SUCH A THING IN THEIR GARAGE OR 4924 04:08:59,490 --> 04:08:59,824 SOMETHING. 4925 04:08:59,824 --> 04:09:02,393 A YEAR AGO SOMEONE OUT OF THE 4926 04:09:02,393 --> 04:09:04,462 BLOOD CALLED ME AND SHE WAS IN A 4927 04:09:04,462 --> 04:09:05,797 SMALL SCHOOL AND THEY WERE 4928 04:09:05,797 --> 04:09:07,098 WORKING ON THIS CONCEPT AND 4929 04:09:07,098 --> 04:09:11,002 WANTED TO KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH 4930 04:09:11,002 --> 04:09:11,169 IT. 4931 04:09:11,169 --> 04:09:13,571 RECENTLY, IF YOU LOOK AT THE 4932 04:09:13,571 --> 04:09:15,773 INTERNET YOU'LL SEE A REAL 4933 04:09:15,773 --> 04:09:16,674 EXPLOSION OF INTEREST. 4934 04:09:16,674 --> 04:09:20,812 THESE ARE MOSTLY IN THE CATEGORY 4935 04:09:20,812 --> 04:09:25,884 OF SMART GUNS. 4936 04:09:25,884 --> 04:09:30,421 THEY USE FACIAL RECOGNITION AND 4937 04:09:30,421 --> 04:09:31,689 I'M NOT PULLING THAT BUT I DON'T 4938 04:09:31,689 --> 04:09:35,593 KNOW WHY YOU CAN'T INCLUDE THAT 4939 04:09:35,593 --> 04:09:36,394 SMART GUN WITH AN ALCOHOL 4940 04:09:36,394 --> 04:09:36,761 DEVICE. 4941 04:09:36,761 --> 04:09:39,397 I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE MARKET IS 4942 04:09:39,397 --> 04:09:41,566 FOR THIS SORT OF THING. 4943 04:09:41,566 --> 04:09:42,901 I KNOW LITTLE ABOUT SMALL 4944 04:09:42,901 --> 04:09:43,601 BUSINESS GRANTS. 4945 04:09:43,601 --> 04:09:47,639 I DID 25 YEARS AGO. 4946 04:09:47,639 --> 04:09:49,574 I WROTE A TEXTBOOK AND THAT WAS 4947 04:09:49,574 --> 04:09:51,276 MY LAST EXPERIENCE WITH THEM. 4948 04:09:51,276 --> 04:09:54,412 I KNOW BASED ON WHAT I'M SEEING 4949 04:09:54,412 --> 04:09:55,980 ON THE INTERNET THERE'S THE 4950 04:09:55,980 --> 04:09:58,016 LIKELIHOOD WE HAVE GREATER THAN 4951 04:09:58,016 --> 04:10:02,987 ONE APPLICATION FOR THIS. 4952 04:10:02,987 --> 04:10:05,890 I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY. 4953 04:10:05,890 --> 04:10:08,159 IF IT SAVES AT LEAST ONE LIFE 4954 04:10:08,159 --> 04:10:09,494 IT'S WORTH CONSIDERING. 4955 04:10:09,494 --> 04:10:11,129 I AM PROPOSING THIS. 4956 04:10:11,129 --> 04:10:14,866 I DON'T KNOW HOW YOU WANT IT 4957 04:10:14,866 --> 04:10:16,434 VOTE ON IT BUT AGAIN UNLESS YOU 4958 04:10:16,434 --> 04:10:19,203 WANT TO TAKE QUESTIONS HERE. 4959 04:10:19,203 --> 04:10:19,904 >> ANY QUESTIONS FOR BOB ON 4960 04:10:19,904 --> 04:10:25,276 THIS? 4961 04:10:25,276 --> 04:10:26,844 I AGREE WITH BOB WE DON'T KNOW 4962 04:10:26,844 --> 04:10:28,746 WHAT WE'RE GOING TO GET BUT WE 4963 04:10:28,746 --> 04:10:29,213 SHOULD TRY TO GET IT. 4964 04:10:29,213 --> 04:10:32,917 ENDORSED? 4965 04:10:32,917 --> 04:10:34,719 WE'RE DONE WITH THAT ONE. 4966 04:10:34,719 --> 04:10:37,088 BOB, YOU GOT TO THE ENDORSEMENT. 4967 04:10:37,088 --> 04:10:39,157 WE'LL SEE WHAT HAPPENS. 4968 04:10:39,157 --> 04:10:42,226 YOU NEVER KNOW. 4969 04:10:42,226 --> 04:10:49,968 SOMETIMES YOU END UP WITH A 4970 04:10:49,968 --> 04:10:50,435 HUNDRED APPLICATIONS. 4971 04:10:50,435 --> 04:10:56,541 THE NEXT ONE IS COMMUNITY BASED 4972 04:10:56,541 --> 04:10:57,075 PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH. 4973 04:10:57,075 --> 04:10:58,910 IT'S A SPECIAL KIND OF RESEARCH 4974 04:10:58,910 --> 04:11:04,682 WHERE THE P.I. IS EMBEDDED WITH 4975 04:11:04,682 --> 04:11:05,783 THE COMMUNITY AND WORKING WITH 4976 04:11:05,783 --> 04:11:07,318 THE COMMUNITY AND APPLICATION 4977 04:11:07,318 --> 04:11:11,889 AND DEVELOPING THE PROTOCOL AND 4978 04:11:11,889 --> 04:11:19,697 FORMING THE QUESTIONS. 4979 04:11:19,697 --> 04:11:20,798 YOU REQUIRE A SPECIAL REVIEW FOR 4980 04:11:20,798 --> 04:11:24,068 THIS KIND OF PROPOSAL. 4981 04:11:24,068 --> 04:11:27,238 WE'LL CALL IT APPLICATION THAT 4982 04:11:27,238 --> 04:11:34,212 USE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF 4983 04:11:34,212 --> 04:11:40,585 COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY 4984 04:11:40,585 --> 04:11:43,087 RESEARCH AND TO OPTIMIZE ALCOHOL 4985 04:11:43,087 --> 04:11:44,756 SCREENING AND INTERVENTION IN 4986 04:11:44,756 --> 04:11:50,061 U.S. HEALTH DISPARITY AND SOCIO 4987 04:11:50,061 --> 04:11:51,596 ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED 4988 04:11:51,596 --> 04:11:54,599 COMMUNITY BUILDING ON THE 4989 04:11:54,599 --> 04:11:57,735 BARBERSHOP MODEL SHOCK CAPACITY 4990 04:11:57,735 --> 04:11:58,970 TO REACH AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN 4991 04:11:58,970 --> 04:12:02,440 BECAUSE THE BARBERSHOP IS SEEN 4992 04:12:02,440 --> 04:12:05,810 AS A SAFE PLACE TO DISCUSS 4993 04:12:05,810 --> 04:12:06,577 SENSITIVE TOPICS AND IT'S 4994 04:12:06,577 --> 04:12:13,751 ENCOURAGED SMOKING CESSATION AND 4995 04:12:13,751 --> 04:12:14,685 SCREENING. 4996 04:12:14,685 --> 04:12:18,222 IT HASN'T BEEN STUDIED NEARLY AS 4997 04:12:18,222 --> 04:12:24,095 MUCH IN MY OPINION SURPRISINGLY 4998 04:12:24,095 --> 04:12:28,766 SO FOR ALCOHOL MISUSE. 4999 04:12:28,766 --> 04:12:34,272 THE BOTTOM LINE IS CDC IS DIDN'T 5000 04:12:34,272 --> 04:12:38,309 INDICATING A HANDFUL OF THE 5001 04:12:38,309 --> 04:12:39,877 ADULT POPULATION DISCUSSION 5002 04:12:39,877 --> 04:12:41,779 THEIR ALCOHOL USE WITH A HEALTH 5003 04:12:41,779 --> 04:12:42,113 PROFESSIONAL. 5004 04:12:42,113 --> 04:12:43,714 AND THE POPULATION GROUPS THAT 5005 04:12:43,714 --> 04:12:48,586 ARE THE FOCUS OF THIS NOFO 5006 04:12:48,586 --> 04:12:50,988 RECEIVED SCREENING FOR HIGH RISK 5007 04:12:50,988 --> 04:12:53,758 SCREENING THAN OF LESS 5008 04:12:53,758 --> 04:12:54,425 THOROUGHLY THAN THE WHITE 5009 04:12:54,425 --> 04:12:56,060 POPULATION AND THE COMMUNITIES 5010 04:12:56,060 --> 04:12:57,728 CAN HELP REDUCE THE RACIAL 5011 04:12:57,728 --> 04:13:03,000 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 5012 04:13:03,000 --> 04:13:05,636 THE APPLICATIONS AS WE SEE IT 5013 04:13:05,636 --> 04:13:07,872 RIGHT NOW WOULD INCORPORATE THE 5014 04:13:07,872 --> 04:13:09,173 CORE PRINCIPLES OF INVOLVEMENT 5015 04:13:09,173 --> 04:13:11,576 OF THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND 5016 04:13:11,576 --> 04:13:12,610 RECRUITMENT FOR THE SCREENING 5017 04:13:12,610 --> 04:13:15,313 AND SUBSEQUENT NEEDS ASSESSMENT 5018 04:13:15,313 --> 04:13:16,581 AND INTERVENTION DESIGN AND 5019 04:13:16,581 --> 04:13:17,982 EVALUATION AND DISSEMINATION OF 5020 04:13:17,982 --> 04:13:19,650 THE INTERVENTION. 5021 04:13:19,650 --> 04:13:23,087 IT WILL BE OBLIGATED TO USE THE 5022 04:13:23,087 --> 04:13:23,888 BARBERSHOP AND THERE ARE THINGS 5023 04:13:23,888 --> 04:13:29,627 LIKE BEAUTY PARLORS, GYMS, 5024 04:13:29,627 --> 04:13:30,628 RECREATIONAL CENTERS, TATTOO 5025 04:13:30,628 --> 04:13:38,536 SHOPS AND CHURCHES. 5026 04:13:38,536 --> 04:13:40,571 W 5027 04:13:40,571 --> 04:13:42,607 WE'RE TRYING TO GET AT 5028 04:13:42,607 --> 04:13:44,242 COMMUNITIES DESIGNATED TO HELP 5029 04:13:44,242 --> 04:13:47,111 DISPARITY POPULATIONS INCLUDING 5030 04:13:47,111 --> 04:13:49,013 BLACKS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, 5031 04:13:49,013 --> 04:13:51,716 HISPANIC, LATINOS, NATIVE 5032 04:13:51,716 --> 04:13:54,485 AMERICANS AND NATIVE HAWAIIANS 5033 04:13:54,485 --> 04:13:59,090 AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDERS AND 5034 04:13:59,090 --> 04:14:00,091 SOCIO ECONOMICALLY AND RURAL 5035 04:14:00,091 --> 04:14:05,630 POPULATIONS. 5036 04:14:05,630 --> 04:14:12,069 SO WE ENVISION THEY'LL PROPOSE 5037 04:14:12,069 --> 04:14:13,738 THE ALCOHOL SCREENING AS THE 5038 04:14:13,738 --> 04:14:18,242 FIRST STEP. 5039 04:14:18,242 --> 04:14:21,779 AS FAR AS THE PULL TREATMENT 5040 04:14:21,779 --> 04:14:29,954 MODEL, IF YOU ADHERE STRONGLY TO 5041 04:14:29,954 --> 04:14:37,328 THE PRINCI PRINCIPLES THE COMMU 5042 04:14:37,328 --> 04:14:39,897 SHOULD HAVE A SAY IN HOW TO 5043 04:14:39,897 --> 04:14:40,498 PROCEED. 5044 04:14:40,498 --> 04:14:43,000 THIS IS OPEN TO QUESTION AND 5045 04:14:43,000 --> 04:14:45,536 INPUT FROM THIS GROUP WHETHER 5046 04:14:45,536 --> 04:14:49,440 HOW MUCH YOU WANT TO INSIST ON 5047 04:14:49,440 --> 04:14:54,011 THE FULL SBIRT MODEL FOR 5048 04:14:54,011 --> 04:14:55,346 COMMUNITIES THAT PERHAPS DON'T 5049 04:14:55,346 --> 04:15:02,987 FEEL WHAT THEY DESIRE. 5050 04:15:02,987 --> 04:15:07,892 AND THE IDEA FITS WELL WITH AN 5051 04:15:07,892 --> 04:15:18,236 R61 PHASED MECHANISM TO 5052 04:15:18,236 --> 04:15:19,036 ESTABLISH SCREENING AND GET 5053 04:15:19,036 --> 04:15:19,904 BRIEFLY INTERVENTION REFERRAL TO 5054 04:15:19,904 --> 04:15:27,311 TREATMENT. 5055 04:15:27,311 --> 04:15:33,317 IT SEEMS IT LENDS ITSELF TO A 5056 04:15:33,317 --> 04:15:36,220 PHASED AWARD FOR APPROACHING FOR 5057 04:15:36,220 --> 04:15:39,156 HEAVY DRINK USING PRINCIPLES 5058 04:15:39,156 --> 04:15:49,634 LOCATED IN HEALTH DISPARITY 5059 04:15:50,534 --> 04:15:54,038 AREAS AND I THINK IT'S GOOD TO 5060 04:15:54,038 --> 04:15:59,577 USE A SPECIAL REVIEW PANEL 5061 04:15:59,577 --> 04:16:03,681 BECAUSE THESE ARE NOT PHASE III 5062 04:16:03,681 --> 04:16:04,181 TRIALS. 5063 04:16:04,181 --> 04:16:07,752 IT'S NOT -- YOU CAN'T HAVE IT 5064 04:16:07,752 --> 04:16:13,190 REVIEWED AS A GOLD STANDARD 5065 04:16:13,190 --> 04:16:15,926 CLINICAL TRIAL IT'S GAIN 5066 04:16:15,926 --> 04:16:19,897 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, TRUST, 5067 04:16:19,897 --> 04:16:23,267 CULTURALLY SENSITIVE RESEARCH 5068 04:16:23,267 --> 04:16:23,467 TEAM. 5069 04:16:23,467 --> 04:16:24,669 INDIGENOUS INTERVIEWERS 5070 04:16:24,669 --> 04:16:27,305 COMMUNITY ENDORSEMENT IS THE 5071 04:16:27,305 --> 04:16:29,307 ESSENCE OF THE APPROACH GETTING 5072 04:16:29,307 --> 04:16:32,276 IN THERE AND IT PUTS THE OWN US 5073 04:16:32,276 --> 04:16:40,551 ON A SKILLED P.I. WHO CAN 5074 04:16:40,551 --> 04:16:41,552 UNDERSTAND IT'S RESEARCH AND 5075 04:16:41,552 --> 04:16:46,991 THEY'RE TESTING HYPOTHESES BUT 5076 04:16:46,991 --> 04:16:52,330 THE COMMUNITY HAS A LOT OF 5077 04:16:52,330 --> 04:16:52,697 INPUT. 5078 04:16:52,697 --> 04:16:59,370 THAT'S WHERE I'LL ASK QUESTIONS 5079 04:16:59,370 --> 04:17:02,907 AND ASK FOR A VOTE. 5080 04:17:02,907 --> 04:17:06,744 >> I LOVE THE IDEA AND IT'S 5081 04:17:06,744 --> 04:17:08,379 WONDERFUL AND MAYBE ADDING 5082 04:17:08,379 --> 04:17:12,750 IMPLEMENTATION DESIGNS SO THAT 5083 04:17:12,750 --> 04:17:14,018 WHATEVER IS DEVELOPED COULD HAVE 5084 04:17:14,018 --> 04:17:17,121 DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION PART OF 5085 04:17:17,121 --> 04:17:17,455 IT. 5086 04:17:17,455 --> 04:17:20,358 HEAL ARE INCORPORATING 5087 04:17:20,358 --> 04:17:21,125 IMPLEMENTATION DESIGNS TO MAKE 5088 04:17:21,125 --> 04:17:23,461 YOU ARE IT DOESN'T JUST END WITH 5089 04:17:23,461 --> 04:17:28,466 THE GRANT ENDING AND A I AGREE 5090 04:17:28,466 --> 04:17:30,267 WITH THE PER FOR THE MECHANISM 5091 04:17:30,267 --> 04:17:35,005 AND I LOVE THE R61, R33 BUT THE 5092 04:17:35,005 --> 04:17:36,807 RO1 OPTION IS GOOD BECAUSE 5093 04:17:36,807 --> 04:17:39,744 PEOPLE ARE ALREADY WORKING THIS 5094 04:17:39,744 --> 04:17:41,145 AREA AND PEOPLE CAN COME IN WITH 5095 04:17:41,145 --> 04:17:41,579 DATA. 5096 04:17:41,579 --> 04:17:43,013 I LOVE IT. 5097 04:17:43,013 --> 04:17:51,822 I ENDORSE IT. 5098 04:17:51,822 --> 04:17:53,824 >> I HOPE YOU SEE THE TREND 5099 04:17:53,824 --> 04:17:54,792 THERE'S A MOVEMENT TO MOVE TO 5100 04:17:54,792 --> 04:17:56,427 COMMUNITY APPROACHES. 5101 04:17:56,427 --> 04:17:58,796 IT'S NEEDED BECAUSE AS NANCY 5102 04:17:58,796 --> 04:18:02,533 POINTED OUT WE WORKED WITH THE 5103 04:18:02,533 --> 04:18:03,868 POPULATION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 5104 04:18:03,868 --> 04:18:05,436 AND IT'S MOVED IT QUITE FAR 5105 04:18:05,436 --> 04:18:05,903 ALONG. 5106 04:18:05,903 --> 04:18:12,576 WE HAVE ANOTHER PART OF SOCIETY 5107 04:18:12,576 --> 04:18:14,412 YOU THINK ONLY 40% OF AMERICANS 5108 04:18:14,412 --> 04:18:18,015 GET A BACHELOR'S DEGREE. 5109 04:18:18,015 --> 04:18:19,884 60% OF THE POPULATION IN A SENSE 5110 04:18:19,884 --> 04:18:24,321 WE'RE NEGLECTING. 5111 04:18:24,321 --> 04:18:25,122 BOB, THANKS. 5112 04:18:25,122 --> 04:18:28,159 DO I HAVE A SECOND ENDORSEMENT? 5113 04:18:28,159 --> 04:18:29,493 WE'RE DONE. 5114 04:18:29,493 --> 04:18:30,828 YOU'RE ENDORSED. 5115 04:18:30,828 --> 04:18:33,297 ALL RIGHT. 5116 04:18:33,297 --> 04:18:34,899 I THINK WE'VE RUN OUT OF TIME 5117 04:18:34,899 --> 04:18:38,269 FOR A DISCUSSION SECTION. 5118 04:18:38,269 --> 04:18:48,746 WE DO HAVE A PUBLIC COMMENT. 5119 04:18:54,785 --> 04:18:57,221 JUAN PABLO IS THE -- DR. JUAN 5120 04:18:57,221 --> 04:18:59,890 PABLO IS THE CHAIR OF THE 5121 04:18:59,890 --> 04:19:04,328 ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE 5122 04:19:04,328 --> 04:19:05,596 SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP FROM THE 5123 04:19:05,596 --> 04:19:06,831 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE 5124 04:19:06,831 --> 04:19:11,168 STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES. 5125 04:19:11,168 --> 04:19:14,371 HE HAS A BRIEF HE'D LIKE IT 5126 04:19:14,371 --> 04:19:14,839 MAKE. 5127 04:19:14,839 --> 04:19:16,273 >> THANK YOU. 5128 04:19:16,273 --> 04:19:17,308 FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TALK IN 5129 04:19:17,308 --> 04:19:21,946 FRONT OF ALL OF YOU TODAY. 5130 04:19:21,946 --> 04:19:23,814 SO I DON'T NEED TO TELL YOU HOW 5131 04:19:23,814 --> 04:19:25,616 IMPORTANT ALCOHOL IS FOR THE 5132 04:19:25,616 --> 04:19:26,517 LIVER FIELD. 5133 04:19:26,517 --> 04:19:28,352 ALCOHOL RELATED LIVER DISEASE IS 5134 04:19:28,352 --> 04:19:35,059 STILL ONE OF THE MAIN CAUSE OF 5135 04:19:35,059 --> 04:19:35,593 LIVER CANCER IN THE MUCH 5136 04:19:35,593 --> 04:19:39,430 RESEARCH WAS DEVOTED FROM THE 5137 04:19:39,430 --> 04:19:40,598 LIVER FIELD. 5138 04:19:40,598 --> 04:19:44,335 THAT'S CHANGING IN THE ASLB. 5139 04:19:44,335 --> 04:19:45,569 THERE'S A NEW MOVEMENT. 5140 04:19:45,569 --> 04:19:47,438 I THINK EVERYTHING STARTED 5141 04:19:47,438 --> 04:19:49,874 BECAUSE OF THE CHANGE IN THE 5142 04:19:49,874 --> 04:19:51,876 NOMENCLATURE FOR FATTY LIVER 5143 04:19:51,876 --> 04:19:54,311 DISEASE STARTED THREE YEARS AGO 5144 04:19:54,311 --> 04:19:57,181 AND ON THE INITIATIVE TO RENAME 5145 04:19:57,181 --> 04:19:59,750 THE NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER 5146 04:19:59,750 --> 04:20:06,190 DISEASE AND ENDED UP BEING A BIG 5147 04:20:06,190 --> 04:20:09,627 UMBRELLA CONSIDERING THE 5148 04:20:09,627 --> 04:20:10,895 METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED 5149 04:20:10,895 --> 04:20:13,931 WITH THE LIVER DISEASE. 5150 04:20:13,931 --> 04:20:18,769 ALCOHOL WAS ASSOCIATED DISEASE 5151 04:20:18,769 --> 04:20:22,973 BUT A NEW TERM IN TRYING TO 5152 04:20:22,973 --> 04:20:24,508 HIGHLIGHT THE METABOLIC PART AND 5153 04:20:24,508 --> 04:20:31,882 THE ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED PART. 5154 04:20:31,882 --> 04:20:35,886 THIS WILL HIGHLIGHT HOW LITTLE 5155 04:20:35,886 --> 04:20:42,293 WE KNOW ABOUT THE STEATIC LIVER 5156 04:20:42,293 --> 04:20:46,263 DISEASE IN 2025 WE'LL HAVE A 5157 04:20:46,263 --> 04:20:47,431 CONFERENCE ON MED ALD. 5158 04:20:47,431 --> 04:20:52,036 WE INVITED THE NIAAA TO 5159 04:20:52,036 --> 04:20:52,636 PARTICIPATE. 5160 04:20:52,636 --> 04:20:54,104 IT WILL BRING TOGETHER ADDICTION 5161 04:20:54,104 --> 04:20:57,007 SPECIALISTS AND RESEARCHERS TO 5162 04:20:57,007 --> 04:20:59,843 TRY TO ESTABLISH THE RESEARCH 5163 04:20:59,843 --> 04:21:01,078 PRIORITIES FOR THE MED ALD 5164 04:21:01,078 --> 04:21:01,779 FIELD. 5165 04:21:01,779 --> 04:21:06,116 WE NEED TO DO BETTER ON 5166 04:21:06,116 --> 04:21:09,954 BIOMARKERS ON THE DIFFERENT 5167 04:21:09,954 --> 04:21:11,889 PHENOTYPES AND EXPLORE NEW 5168 04:21:11,889 --> 04:21:13,624 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. 5169 04:21:13,624 --> 04:21:17,761 ALSO IN OUR ANNUAL LIVER MEETING 5170 04:21:17,761 --> 04:21:22,399 THIS YEAR IN NOVEMBER ALCOHOL 5171 04:21:22,399 --> 04:21:23,901 ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE HAS A 5172 04:21:23,901 --> 04:21:26,637 SPECIAL EMPHASIS DURING THE 5173 04:21:26,637 --> 04:21:27,871 PROGRAM. 5174 04:21:27,871 --> 04:21:30,307 WE'LL HAVE A SPECIAL SESSION ON 5175 04:21:30,307 --> 04:21:34,979 MED ALD AND MULTIPLE SESSIONS ON 5176 04:21:34,979 --> 04:21:35,145 ALD. 5177 04:21:35,145 --> 04:21:39,583 AND THE IDEA IS TO TRY TO FOCUS 5178 04:21:39,583 --> 04:21:42,519 ON CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH TO 5179 04:21:42,519 --> 04:21:45,422 BIOMARKERS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC 5180 04:21:45,422 --> 04:21:47,124 OPTIONS FOR ALD AND FOR MED ALD. 5181 04:21:47,124 --> 04:21:53,831 SO IN SUMMARY, IT'S TRYING TO DO 5182 04:21:53,831 --> 04:21:56,567 MORE RESEARCH AND INVEST MORE ON 5183 04:21:56,567 --> 04:21:58,902 ALD AND ALSO WITH ALL THE 5184 04:21:58,902 --> 04:22:00,938 RESEARCH AVENUES THAT ARE OPEN 5185 04:22:00,938 --> 04:22:03,874 WITH THE NOMENCLATURE AND THE 5186 04:22:03,874 --> 04:22:06,877 MED ALD SIDE. 5187 04:22:06,877 --> 04:22:11,482 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5188 04:22:11,482 --> 04:22:17,154 >> THANK YOU. 5189 04:22:17,154 --> 04:22:18,722 YOUR TALK LED ME TO THINK AT 5190 04:22:18,722 --> 04:22:20,257 SOME POINT WE NEED TO HAVE 5191 04:22:20,257 --> 04:22:21,225 SOMEONE FROM YOUR ORGANIZATION 5192 04:22:21,225 --> 04:22:24,895 COME AND SPEAK TO THE COUNCIL 5193 04:22:24,895 --> 04:22:26,897 AND TELL US HOW THESE 5194 04:22:26,897 --> 04:22:28,432 NOMENCLATURE HAVE FALLEN OUT AND 5195 04:22:28,432 --> 04:22:30,467 WHAT THE SYMPTOMS ARE IN EACH 5196 04:22:30,467 --> 04:22:34,104 CATEGORY AND THINGS OF THAT 5197 04:22:34,104 --> 04:22:34,338 NATURE. 5198 04:22:34,338 --> 04:22:40,411 REMIND ME I SAID THAT. 5199 04:22:40,411 --> 04:22:50,888 THE CONFERENCE IS FEBRUARY. 5200 04:22:57,695 --> 04:23:02,332 >> ARE THE INVESTIGATORS WHO 5201 04:23:02,332 --> 04:23:08,706 WORK ON ALCOHOL ASSOCIATED LIVER 5202 04:23:08,706 --> 04:23:12,142 FATTY DISEASE ASSOCIATED GOING? 5203 04:23:12,142 --> 04:23:15,079 >> I'M GOING TO GIVE REMARKS IN 5204 04:23:15,079 --> 04:23:16,680 SAN DIEGO. 5205 04:23:16,680 --> 04:23:18,248 >> THERE'S INTRAMURAL 5206 04:23:18,248 --> 04:23:19,149 RESEARCHERS AT THE CONFERENCE 5207 04:23:19,149 --> 04:23:25,289 AND WE INVITED THE NIAAA FOR THE 5208 04:23:25,289 --> 04:23:27,891 MED ALD PERSPECTIVE. 5209 04:23:27,891 --> 04:23:38,068 >> THANKS. 5210 04:23:42,973 --> 04:23:45,442 >> WE'RE NEARLY THE END. 5211 04:23:45,442 --> 04:23:50,581 IT'S PHILIPPE'S TURN TO TELL US 5212 04:23:50,581 --> 04:23:52,249 WHEN WE'RE HAVING TO CONSIDER A 5213 04:23:52,249 --> 04:23:54,118 BUNCH OF THINGS QUICKLY. 5214 04:23:54,118 --> 04:23:55,586 >> NOT THAT MANY. 5215 04:23:55,586 --> 04:23:56,820 I WANT IT MOVE TO THE 5216 04:23:56,820 --> 04:23:59,757 CONSIDERATION OF THE MINUTES FOR 5217 04:23:59,757 --> 04:24:04,661 THE LAST MEETING IN MAY THE 5218 04:24:04,661 --> 04:24:06,230 166th NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL 5219 04:24:06,230 --> 04:24:08,832 MEETING MINUTES AS WELL AS THE 5220 04:24:08,832 --> 04:24:14,505 MINUTES FOR THE MEETING LAST 5221 04:24:14,505 --> 04:24:18,609 PLAY AND THE COUNCIL SLP NO 5222 04:24:18,609 --> 04:24:19,009 CLA 5223 04:24:19,009 --> 04:24:19,243 CHANGE. 5224 04:24:19,243 --> 04:24:21,278 I WOULD LIKE TO MOVE TO 5225 04:24:21,278 --> 04:24:23,881 ENTERTAIN A MOTION TO APPROVE 5226 04:24:23,881 --> 04:24:24,681 THE DOCUMENTS. 5227 04:24:24,681 --> 04:24:25,582 MOVED? 5228 04:24:25,582 --> 04:24:25,983 SECOND. 5229 04:24:25,983 --> 04:24:29,386 ALL IN FAVOR? 5230 04:24:29,386 --> 04:24:31,421 ABSTAIN? 5231 04:24:31,421 --> 04:24:31,889 OPPOSED? 5232 04:24:31,889 --> 04:24:33,657 MOTION IS APPROVED. 5233 04:24:33,657 --> 04:24:35,592 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5234 04:24:35,592 --> 04:24:38,395 AND ANOTHER POINT ON THE AGENDA 5235 04:24:38,395 --> 04:24:42,065 IS TO PRESENT THE NEXT DATE FOR 5236 04:24:42,065 --> 04:24:47,905 THE NIAAA COUNCIL IN 2025 IT'S 5237 04:24:47,905 --> 04:24:51,108 GOING TO BE FEBRUARY 6 AND 5238 04:24:51,108 --> 04:24:54,211 SEPTEMBER 4 AND 2026 FEBRUARY 5, 5239 04:24:54,211 --> 04:24:59,416 MAY 5 AND SEPTEMBER 17 AND THE 5240 04:24:59,416 --> 04:25:01,819 FUTURE DATE FOR THE CRAN MEETING 5241 04:25:01,819 --> 04:25:08,859 FOR NIAAA NIDA AND NCI, 2025 IS 5242 04:25:08,859 --> 04:25:10,627 GOING TO BE FOR 2026, MAY 6. 5243 04:25:10,627 --> 04:25:14,498 THAT'S IT. 5244 04:25:14,498 --> 04:25:18,535 >> THANK YOU ALL FOR JOINING US. 5245 04:25:18,535 --> 04:25:19,670 AND PARTICULARLY ARE THERE ANY 5246 04:25:19,670 --> 04:25:20,971 COMMENTS FROM ONLINE? 5247 04:25:20,971 --> 04:25:26,443 I KNOW I NEGLECTED YOU BUT I 5248 04:25:26,443 --> 04:25:32,549 DIDN'T SEE ANYTHING ANY FLAGS 5249 04:25:32,549 --> 04:25:32,783 RAISED. 5250 04:25:32,783 --> 04:25:35,219 ARE THERE COMMENTS FROM COUNCIL 5251 04:25:35,219 --> 04:25:35,986 ONLINE YET IF THEY ARE. 5252 04:25:35,986 --> 04:25:38,655 I HAVE TO GET BETTER AT CHECKING 5253 04:25:38,655 --> 04:25:44,328 IN WITH THE ONLINE PARTICIPANTS. 5254 04:25:44,328 --> 04:25:48,799 THINGS I STILL NEGLECT. 5255 04:25:48,799 --> 04:25:50,200 ANYWAY, THANK YOU ALL FOR FLEW 5256 04:25:50,200 --> 04:25:51,335 IN TO BE WITH US TODAY. 5257 04:25:51,335 --> 04:25:54,271 I THINK IT WAS A PRETTY GOOD DAY 5258 04:25:54,271 --> 04:25:55,906 AND LIKE I SAID YOU MAY HAVE 5259 04:25:55,906 --> 04:25:58,508 BEEN OVERWHELMED WITH THE BRAIN 5260 04:25:58,508 --> 04:26:04,147 INITIATIVE BUT I THINK EVEN FOR 5261 04:26:04,147 --> 04:26:05,616 THOSE THAT DON'T DO BRAIN YOU 5262 04:26:05,616 --> 04:26:07,951 GET A SENSE OF WHAT AN 5263 04:26:07,951 --> 04:26:09,753 EXTRAORDINARY EFFORT IT'S BEEN. 5264 04:26:09,753 --> 04:26:14,925 I'VE BEEN FOLLOWING IT SINCE DAY 5265 04:26:14,925 --> 04:26:17,394 ONE. 5266 04:26:17,394 --> 04:26:20,130 WE START THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 5267 04:26:20,130 --> 04:26:23,600 MORE OR LESS THE FIRST WEEK I 5268 04:26:23,600 --> 04:26:27,471 ARRIVED IN 2014. 5269 04:26:27,471 --> 04:26:30,240 IT'S TAKEN OFF. 5270 04:26:30,240 --> 04:26:33,243 MONEY DOES EVENTUALLY REDUCE 5271 04:26:33,243 --> 04:26:34,378 RESULTS ESPECIALLY WHEN LED WITH 5272 04:26:34,378 --> 04:26:35,812 GOOD LEADERSHIP AND 5273 04:26:35,812 --> 04:26:36,146 COORDINATION. 5274 04:26:36,146 --> 04:26:38,215 THE BRAIN TEAM ANTONIO CAN 5275 04:26:38,215 --> 04:26:41,251 ATTEST TO THIS BECAUSE HE'S PART 5276 04:26:41,251 --> 04:26:46,456 OF IT THEY'RE EXTRAORDINARY IN 5277 04:26:46,456 --> 04:26:50,794 THEIR UNDERSTANDING AND ABILITY 5278 04:26:50,794 --> 04:26:52,429 TO RATE PROPOSALS. 5279 04:26:52,429 --> 04:26:54,197 DON'T YOU THINK, ANTONIO. 5280 04:26:54,197 --> 04:26:58,135 >> THERE'S DETAILED DISCUSSIONS 5281 04:26:58,135 --> 04:27:01,471 BY NIH STAFF FROM DIFFERENT 5282 04:27:01,471 --> 04:27:02,105 INSTITUTES. 5283 04:27:02,105 --> 04:27:08,679 WE HAVE TEAMS AND THE I.C. 5284 04:27:08,679 --> 04:27:08,946 DIRECTORS. 5285 04:27:08,946 --> 04:27:12,582 THEY DON'T APPROVE IT. 5286 04:27:12,582 --> 04:27:13,717 THEY QUESTION IT. 5287 04:27:13,717 --> 04:27:16,753 THERE'S BEEN INSTANCES WHERE 5288 04:27:16,753 --> 04:27:18,455 THEY'LL COME UP WITH SUGGESTIONS 5289 04:27:18,455 --> 04:27:19,623 MAKING IT BETTER FOR PEOPLE 5290 04:27:19,623 --> 04:27:21,425 GETTING THE FEEDBACK SO NEXT 5291 04:27:21,425 --> 04:27:22,359 TIME AROUND WHEN THEY ARE COME 5292 04:27:22,359 --> 04:27:29,466 IN AN THEY DO MUCH BETTER. 5293 04:27:29,466 --> 04:27:33,103 >> IMAGINE PLANNING WITH 10 5294 04:27:33,103 --> 04:27:34,271 INSTITUTE DIRECTORS. 5295 04:27:34,271 --> 04:27:36,206 THINK OF THE PAY PLAN WITH 10 5296 04:27:36,206 --> 04:27:38,642 INSTITUTE DIRECTORS IT'S VERY 5297 04:27:38,642 --> 04:27:41,178 CONGENIAL AND QUITE FUN BUT THE 5298 04:27:41,178 --> 04:27:43,880 QUESTIONS CAN BE A LITTLE BIT 5299 04:27:43,880 --> 04:27:45,315 INTENSE AT TIMES. 5300 04:27:45,315 --> 04:27:45,749 ALL RIGHT. 5301 04:27:45,749 --> 04:27:48,952 SO AGAIN, THANKS EVERYBODY FOR 5302 04:27:48,952 --> 04:27:51,855 COMING AND PARTICIPATING AND 5303 04:27:51,855 --> 04:27:53,991 GREAT IDEAS AND YOU CAN SEE 5304 04:27:53,991 --> 04:27:59,896 SOMETIMES THEY CAN GET CONVERTED 5305 04:27:59,896 --> 04:28:07,371 TO A NOFO. 5306 04:28:07,371 --> 04:28:07,871 ALL RIGHT. 5307 04:28:07,871 --> 04:28:13,076 HAVE A GOOD WEEK. 5308 04:28:13,076 --> 04:28:14,211 I HAVE TO ADJOURN. 5309 04:28:14,211 --> 04:28:15,946 WE'RE ADJOURNED. 5310 04:28:15,946 --> 04:28:26,123 THANK YOU.