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WELCOME THIS IS THE 224th 

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MEETING OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY

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NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND 

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STROKE AND THIS IS OUR OPEN 

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SESSION.

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AND HERE AT THE OPEN SESSION WE 

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GIVE A REPORT, KIND OF A STATE 

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OF NANDS AND THEN WE HAVE A 

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NUMBER OF TOPICS THAT HAVE 

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ARISEN THAT MAY BE INTERESTING 

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TO YOU.

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SOME ARE ACTUALLY REPORTS FROM 

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THE WORK BEING GROUPS WORKING AS

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PART OF COUNCIL AND SO LOOK 

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FORWARD TO AN EXCITING MORNING 

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AND AFTERNOON.

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I WANT START BY THANKING THOSE 

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WHO STAYED ON THE COUNCIL 

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MEETING WHILE WE AWAIT NEW 

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COUNCIL MEMBERS TO BE APPROVED.

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I WANT TO INTRODUCE THE NEW AD 

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HOCS WE CALL SUBJECT MATTER 

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EXPERTS AT THIS TIME.

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WE HAVE A PROFESSOR IN THE 

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DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL 

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SURGERY AT CASE WESTERN RESERVE.

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EXPERT IN SURGERY AND HAS DONE 

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GREAT RESEARCH ON CEREBRAL 

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VASCULAR BLOOD FLOW AND IT'S 

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RELATIONSHIP TO STROKE.

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IT'S A PLEASURE.

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GRAY DAVIS.

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A PROFESSOR OF NEUROLOGY IN THE 

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DEPARTMENT OF BIO CHEMISTRY 

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UNIVERSITY OF CLINICAL RESEARCH 

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SAN FRANCISCO.

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HIS WORK IS FOCUSSED ON 

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HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF 

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FUNCTION AND SYNAPSE 

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STABILIZATION IN DEVELOPMENT AND

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DISEASE.

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PRIOR TO DIRECTOR OF THE 

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INSTITUTE FOR FUNDAMENTAL 

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NEUROSCIENCE AT UCSF AND GREAT 

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TO HAVE YOU ON.

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JOE FRENCH IS THE EXECUTIVE 

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DIRECTOR AND CO-FOUNDER OF 

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NEUROTECH NETWORK A NON-PROFIT 

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FOCUSSED ON THE NEUROTECHNOLOGY 

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INDUSTRY AND FOUNDING MEMBER AND

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PRESIDENT OF THE NORTHERN 

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AMERICAN SPINAL CORD INJURY 

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CONSORTIUM AND IS THE CHAIR 

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PERFORM OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAM 

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CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED 

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MEDICALLY DIRECTED RESEARCH 

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PROGRAM.

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AND TERRY?

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GOOD TO HEAR FROM YOU.

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WE GO WAY BACK.

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TERRY HAS BEEN THE DIRECTOR AT 

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THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

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WHERE RESPONSIBLE FOR STRATEGIC 

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PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND OVERSIGHT

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OF DEFENSE PROGRAMS.

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HE'S HAD OVER 40 YEARS OF 

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EXPERIENCE IN MANY FACETS OF THE

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MILITARY HEALTH SYSTEM.

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HE'S HAD COLLABORATIONS OVER THE

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YEARS IN THE AREA OF TRAUMATIC 

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BRAIN INJURY AND GREAT TO HAVE 

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YOU ON, TERRY.

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FINALLY, ROY SILICA PREVENTION 

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OF PATHOLOGY AT IMMUNOLOGY AT 

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BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND 

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PRIOR DIRECTOR OF THE T32 

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TRAINING PROGRAM THERE.

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HIS LAB FOCUSES ON DETERMINING 

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THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF 

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UNDERLYING NEUROLOGIC DISEASES 

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PRIMARILY THOSE RELATED TO 

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DISEASE LINKED GENES AND RELATED

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THE NANDS LANDER'S AWARD FOR 

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MENTORSHIP BY AN NANDS 

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INVESTIGATOR.

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GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

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THOSE ARE THE NEW FOLKS.

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>> I BELIEVE IT'S MY 

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RESPONSIBILITY NOW.

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IT'S GREAT TO SEE EVERYONE NOW.

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SO I'M JUST GOING TO RUN THROUGH

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A SERIES OF HOUSEKEEPING ISSUES.

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AS WALTER MENTIONED I WANT TO 

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CALL OUT JEANNE AND THE 

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COMMITTEE FOR STICKING AROUND 

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ANOTHER YEAR.

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WE REALLY APPRECIATE IT.

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DAN, FRANCIS, AMY, KATE, JEN, 

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ROY, YOU ARE SUBJECT MATTER 

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EXPERTS.

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PLEASE, PLEASE WEIGH IN AND 

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PARTICIPATE ALL YOU CAN.

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WE JUST CAN'T LET YOU VOTE AND 

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WE DO APPRECIATE ALL THE 

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PATIENTS RUNNING THROUGH THE 

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SLATE A3R0E68 PROCESS IN THE 

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FRONTCOURT.

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THE SLATE APPROVAL PROCESS IN 

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THE OPEN SESSION.

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WE'RE VIDEOCAST LIVE OUT TO THE 

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WORLD.

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AND WE WILL HAVE A NUMBER OF 

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PEOPLE WHO ARE GOING TO BE ON 

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VIRTUALLY SO THAT'S WHY WE'RE 

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ASKING EVERYONE TO KEEP THEIR 

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CAMERAS ON TO ALL SEE OUR FACES.

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NOW, AS SOME WILL RECALL WE 

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ATTEMPTED TO JOIN THE ELECTRONIC

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COUNCIL BOOK FOR VOTING.

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WE RAN INTO A NUMBER OF I CALL 

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THEM TECHNICAL CHALLENGES LAST 

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NIGHT.

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WE TRIED TO GET SOME RESOLUTION 

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AND WHAT WE'LL DO THIS TIME IS 

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ATTEND THE OLD FASHION WAY OF 

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VOTING.

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I'LL CALL FOR A MOTION AND WHEN 

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WE MAKE A MOTION TO BE SO MOVED 

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FOR THE PROPOSED PLAN OR WE CAN 

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MODIFY THAT IN THE MOTION AND 

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THEN ASK FOR A SECOND AND ASK BY

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NAME YOUR VOTE.

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WE'RE TALLYING THOSE AND HAVE TO

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OFFICIALLY TALLY.

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WE'RE NOT DOING IT TO BE 

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DRAMATIC BUT WANT TO KEEP GOOD 

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RECORDS HERE.

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ON THE EDGE OF YOUR SEAT WAITING

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FOR THAT VOTE.

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SO THOSE ARE JUST THE OPENING 

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REMARKS.

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ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?

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I KNOW WE'RE HAVING TROUBLE WITH

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THE ECB RIGHT NOW.

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GINA?

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>> I DON'T WANT TO
QUESTION THE 

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METHOD.

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I THINK IT'S FINE BUT WHEN IT 

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WAS ALL ZOOM WE JUST DID IT ON 

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ZOOM.

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>> I'LL MAYBE PASS IT OVER
TO MY

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COLLEAGUE.

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I THINK THEY FROWNED ON VOTING 

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IN THE ZOOM AND WE WANTED A HAND

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COUNT.

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WE DID LOOK INTO THAT.

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>> WE WERE TOLD IT WAS NOT
FACA 

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REGULATED TO DO IT THAT WAY.

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I DID WANT TO ADD WHEREAS IF 

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YOU'RE IN PERSON YOU CAN RAISE 

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YOUR HAND.

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IF YOU'RE ON ZOOM, WE DO NEED 

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YOU TO DO AN AUDIO YES, NO OR --

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YEA, NAY.

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>> WE'RE FOLLOWING THE
RULES 

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BEST OF OUR ABILITY.

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SO, ARE THERE ANY OTHER 

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QUESTIONS?

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I MENTIONED WE'LL GET BOTH 

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THINGS SORTED OUT WITH THE 

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COUNCIL BOOK.

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WITH THAT WE'RE MOVING TO OUR 

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FIRST ITEM WHICH WILL REQUIRE A 

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VOTE.

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SO THIS WILL BE OUR BIG TEST 

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HERE.

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WE'RE GOING TO CONSIDER THE 

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MINUTES.

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THE MINUTES FROM THE SPRING '24 

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COUNCIL MEETING AND I HOPE 

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EVERYONE STUDIED THEM BEFORE 

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ATTENDING TODAY.

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SO, DO I HAVE A MOTION ON THE 

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MINUTES?

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DO I HAVE A SECOND?

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OKAY.

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HANK AND TIM, FIRST AND SECOND.

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SO NOW I'M GOING TO CALL FOR THE

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VOTE IN ORDER, AMY.

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WE HAVE TWO AMIES.

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WE NEED AMY A. AND AMY B.

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AMY BRIN IS ON THE ZOOM.

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>> GOOD MORNING.

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APPROVE.

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>> THERE'S ONE.

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>> BOB.

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>> APPROVE.

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>> PERFECT.

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JEN.

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OKAY.

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JANE.

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THERE WE GO.

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JIN MU.

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>> APPROVE.

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>> JOHN.

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>> APPROVE.

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>> LUIS.

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HANK.

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GINA?

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>> APPROVE.

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>> KIMIMI.

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>> APPROVE.

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>> TIM.

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>> VERY GOOD.

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SO LOOK AT THAT WE WERE ABLE TO 

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ACCOMPLISH THAT AND VERY GOOD.

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SO MOVING TO OUR SECOND 

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HOUSEKEEPING ITEM IS DATES OF 

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FUTURE COUNCILS.

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AGAIN THESE ARE LISTED AND WHAT 

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WE ASK YOU IS TO RESERVE THESE 

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ON YOUR CALENDAR FOR FUTURE 

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MEETINGS SO WE DON'T HAVE 

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CONFLICTS.

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I DON'T THINK I'LL READ THEM ALL

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OUT.

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THEN WE GET TO OUR EXPEDITED 

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REVIEW PROCESS.

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WHAT WE DO IS THIS IS WHEN THERE

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ARE APPLICATIONS THAT ARE WELL 

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SCORED WITH NO ADMINISTRATIVE 

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ISSUES.

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WE WORK TO GET THESE KIND OF 

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MOVING FORWARD WHAT WE HAVE IS 

235
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ASK THREE COUNCIL MEMBERS IF 

236
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THEY CAN VET THESE FOR US TO 

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MAKE SURE EVERYTHING'S KOSHER.

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THIS TIME WE HAD JANE AND JIM 

239
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OUR READERS.

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THANK YOU ALL FOR GOING OVER 

241
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THOSE AND TO PUT A NUMBER BEHIND

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THAT WE HAVE 45 APPLICATIONS 

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THAT WERE EXPEDITED WE'RE IN THE

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PROCESS OF ISSUING THESE NOW AND

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THAT'S A TESTAMENT TO OUR GRANTS

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MANAGEMENT BRANCH AND SHELLY 

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WILLBURN AND A WAY TO HOPEFULLY 

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GET MONEY IN RESEARCHERS' HANDS 

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SOONER RATHER THAN LATER.

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NOW MOVING TO OUR EXTRAMURAL 

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ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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I BELIEVE WE HAVE A SLIDE.

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THIS IS THE VARIOUS COMINGS AND 

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GOINGS OF STAFF.

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I'LL TAKE A MOMENT OF SILENCE.

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WE CAN ALL TAKE A LOOK AT THAT.

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WE CAN READ THE BIOS FOR EACH OF

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THESE AND YOU CAN IMAGINE IT CAN

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TAKE A WHILE.

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I CO KNOW WHAT WE DO HAVE IS 

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WITH HAVE TWO LONG STANDING 

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MEMBERS OF OUR STAFF WHO WILL BE

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RETIRED.

264
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I DO WANT TO PASS IT TO LYNN 

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JAKEMAN TO DO THE HONOR OF THESE

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ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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 >> THANK YOU ALL.

268
00:10:19,139 --> 00:10:21,241
I APPRECIATE TAKE A COUPLE 

269
00:10:21,241 --> 00:10:24,178
MINUTES JUST TO HIGHLIGHT A 

270
00:10:24,178 --> 00:10:29,917
COUPLE LONG-TERM PROGRAM 

271
00:10:29,917 --> 00:10:30,517
DIRECTORS REACHING RETIREMENT 

272
00:10:30,517 --> 00:10:30,784
THIS YEAR.

273
00:10:30,784 --> 00:10:31,485
GIVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO RECAP THE

274
00:10:31,485 --> 00:10:32,619
WORK THEY'VE DONE.

275
00:10:32,619 --> 00:10:40,461
THE FIRST OF THESE IS DR. JIM 

276
00:10:40,461 --> 00:10:43,397
KENIG AND HE JOINED NANDS IN 

277
00:10:43,397 --> 00:10:45,332
2015 AS A TRUE PHYSIOLOGIST 

278
00:10:45,332 --> 00:10:48,435
THROUGH AND THROUGH.

279
00:10:48,435 --> 00:10:51,338
HE GOT HIS BACHELOR'S AT THE 

280
00:10:51,338 --> 00:10:55,943
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM AND HAD

281
00:10:55,943 --> 00:10:59,213
AN ILLUSTRIOUS CAREER BEFORE 

282
00:10:59,213 --> 00:10:59,680
JOINING.

283
00:10:59,680 --> 00:11:02,282
HE CAN WEAR THE CROWN FOR HAVING

284
00:11:02,282 --> 00:11:05,519
THE LARGEST MOST DIVERSE IN 

285
00:11:05,519 --> 00:11:07,588
TERMS OF MECHANISMS AND GRANT 

286
00:11:07,588 --> 00:11:09,656
PORTFOLIO FOR THE LAST SELF 

287
00:11:09,656 --> 00:11:09,923
YEARS.

288
00:11:09,923 --> 00:11:12,426
HE HAS MANAGED THE GRANT 

289
00:11:12,426 --> 00:11:15,396
PORTFOLIO IN ISCHEMIC STROKE.

290
00:11:15,396 --> 00:11:18,399
HE ALSO WAS A LONG-TERM POINT OF

291
00:11:18,399 --> 00:11:19,733
CONTACT FOR THE HERBAL POLICY 

292
00:11:19,733 --> 00:11:23,103
PROGRAM AND CONTRIBUTED TO THE 

293
00:11:23,103 --> 00:11:25,906
STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR CEREBRAL 

294
00:11:25,906 --> 00:11:28,842
PALSY AND CARRIED LONG BEFORE IT

295
00:11:28,842 --> 00:11:31,779
IS AS BIG AS IT IS NOW WORK ON 

296
00:11:31,779 --> 00:11:33,947
WOMEN'S HEALTH BY ENCOURAGING 

297
00:11:33,947 --> 00:11:35,115
INVESTIGATORS TO INCLUDE SEX AS 

298
00:11:35,115 --> 00:11:40,020
A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE IN THEIR 

299
00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:40,287
RESEARCH.

300
00:11:40,287 --> 00:11:44,525
HE WAS THE NANDS POINT WHEN SOME

301
00:11:44,525 --> 00:11:45,659
OF THAT WAS ROLLED OUT.

302
00:11:45,659 --> 00:11:47,061
HE'S BEEN AN OUTSTANDING CITIZEN

303
00:11:47,061 --> 00:11:48,896
IN EVERY SINGLE WAY.

304
00:11:48,896 --> 00:11:51,565
HE'S BEEN HERE IT WILL BE 12 

305
00:11:51,565 --> 00:11:55,002
YEARS IN DECEMBER AND HAS BEEN 

306
00:11:55,002 --> 00:11:55,702
OUTSTANDING PROGRAM DIRECTOR.

307
00:11:55,702 --> 00:11:58,405
I WANTED TO GIVE HIM A MOMENT OF

308
00:11:58,405 --> 00:11:59,606
DUE AND THANK YOU, JIM.

309
00:11:59,606 --> 00:12:01,208
THE SECOND PROGRAM DIRECTOR WHO 

310
00:12:01,208 --> 00:12:03,410
IS RETIRING AT THE END OF THE 

311
00:12:03,410 --> 00:12:12,119
YEAR IS DR. JIM KNOTT AND 

312
00:12:12,119 --> 00:12:14,421
STARTED IN 2008 LONG BEFORE I 

313
00:12:14,421 --> 00:12:15,089
DID.

314
00:12:15,089 --> 00:12:17,091
HE GOT HIS DEGREE IN PHYSIOLOGY 

315
00:12:17,091 --> 00:12:19,927
AND BIO PHYSICS BUT HIS 

316
00:12:19,927 --> 00:12:23,931
SPECIALTY AS A PROGRAM DIRECTOR 

317
00:12:23,931 --> 00:12:27,401
AT NANDS HAS BEEN IN NEURAL 

318
00:12:27,401 --> 00:12:28,235
CIRCUITS.

319
00:12:28,235 --> 00:12:29,803
HE WORKED AT SOME PERIOD AT 

320
00:12:29,803 --> 00:12:31,538
HOWARD UNIVERSITY AND WAS A BIG 

321
00:12:31,538 --> 00:12:32,773
PART OF OUR DIVERSITY PROGRAMS 

322
00:12:32,773 --> 00:12:34,508
GETTING THEM OFF THE GROUND IN 

323
00:12:34,508 --> 00:12:38,212
THE EARLY DAYS AS PART OF THE 

324
00:12:38,212 --> 00:12:39,847
DIVERSITY WORKING GROUP.

325
00:12:39,847 --> 00:12:43,951
HE ALSO HAD EXPERIENCE WORKING 

326
00:12:43,951 --> 00:12:45,486
WITH LAND ANIMALS AND HE HAS 

327
00:12:45,486 --> 00:12:47,187
BEEN A POINT OF CONTACT WITH 

328
00:12:47,187 --> 00:12:49,456
HELPING US TO NAVIGATE SOME OF 

329
00:12:49,456 --> 00:12:50,591
THE TRICKY ISSUES WITH THE USE 

330
00:12:50,591 --> 00:12:55,295
OF LIVE ANIMALS AND NON-HUMAN 

331
00:12:55,295 --> 00:12:56,196
PRIMATES.

332
00:12:56,196 --> 00:12:58,499
AND IN 2013 I'LL TELL ONE LITTLE

333
00:12:58,499 --> 00:12:59,933
STORY BECAUSE IT'S NOT THAT 

334
00:12:59,933 --> 00:13:00,167
LITTLE.

335
00:13:00,167 --> 00:13:03,070
WHEN RUMORS WERE ABOUNDING THE 

336
00:13:03,070 --> 00:13:06,039
PRESIDENT HAD A BIG INITIATIVE 

337
00:13:06,039 --> 00:13:08,175
UP HIS SLEEVE, THERE WERE A 

338
00:13:08,175 --> 00:13:11,745
GROUP OF STAFF PRIMARILY FROM 

339
00:13:11,745 --> 00:13:17,618
NANDS AND NIMH WHO WORKED 

340
00:13:17,618 --> 00:13:25,125
TOGETHER IN THE BEGINNING 

341
00:13:25,125 --> 00:13:30,063
OCTOBER 1st THERE WAS A SHUTDOWN

342
00:13:30,063 --> 00:13:31,398
AND THEY COULDN'T WORK BECAUSE 

343
00:13:31,398 --> 00:13:33,467
YOU CAN'T WORK DURING A SHUT 

344
00:13:33,467 --> 00:13:37,204
DOWN BUT HAD LUNCHES AND DINNERS

345
00:13:37,204 --> 00:13:39,439
AND CAME BACK WITH THE CONCEPT 

346
00:13:39,439 --> 00:13:42,342
OF THE BRAIN INITIATIVE AND WAS 

347
00:13:42,342 --> 00:13:44,178
ENTIRELY STAFF DRIVEN IN THE 

348
00:13:44,178 --> 00:13:46,480
INITIAL STAGES AND HE TOOK ON 

349
00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:47,447
THE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 

350
00:13:47,447 --> 00:13:48,849
COMPONENT OF TRYING TO FIGURE 

351
00:13:48,849 --> 00:13:49,950
OUT WHAT THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 

352
00:13:49,950 --> 00:14:00,360
COULD LOOK LIKE BY 2025.

353
00:14:03,163 --> 00:14:07,801
I'D LIKE TO THANK HIM AS AN 

354
00:14:07,801 --> 00:14:09,303
ACCOMPLISHED PROGRAM DIRECTOR.

355
00:14:09,303 --> 00:14:19,613
>> THANKS, LYNNE.

356
00:14:20,147 --> 00:14:24,518
JIM AND JIM, CONGRATULATIONS AND

357
00:14:24,518 --> 00:14:25,752
DO NOT GO GENTLY IN THE NIGHT.

358
00:14:25,752 --> 00:14:28,021
WITH THAT, WALTER, I'LL PASS IT 

359
00:14:28,021 --> 00:14:31,758
BACK TO YOU.

360
00:14:31,758 --> 00:14:33,393
>> THANKS, DAVE.

361
00:14:33,393 --> 00:14:34,027
I'LL EMPHASIZE THERE'S A 

362
00:14:34,027 --> 00:14:35,162
TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF WORK THAT 

363
00:14:35,162 --> 00:14:39,499
GOES ON DAILY HERE AT NANDS, 

364
00:14:39,499 --> 00:14:40,834
STAFF ARE DEEPLY COMMITTED TO 

365
00:14:40,834 --> 00:14:41,868
THE MISSION OF KNOW INSTITUTE 

366
00:14:41,868 --> 00:14:46,006
AND DEEPLY COMMITTED TO HELPING 

367
00:14:46,006 --> 00:14:48,175
INVESTIGATORS BE SUCCESSFUL IN 

368
00:14:48,175 --> 00:14:50,010
ADVANCING OUR MISSION BY 

369
00:14:50,010 --> 00:14:51,144
ADVANCING THEIR RESEARCH.

370
00:14:51,144 --> 00:14:54,781
I'M PROUD OF THE PEOPLE WHO WORK

371
00:14:54,781 --> 00:14:54,982
HERE.

372
00:14:54,982 --> 00:15:00,020
I WISH WE COULD HIGHLIGHT 

373
00:15:00,020 --> 00:15:06,293
EVERYBODY BEFORE THEY RETIRE.

374
00:15:06,293 --> 00:15:16,803
A LOT OF PEOPLE DON'T SURVIVE.

375
00:15:23,844 --> 00:15:27,547
I'LL GIVE ME UPDATE TO THE 

376
00:15:27,547 --> 00:15:38,058
COUNCIL MY DIRECTOR'S REPORT.

377
00:15:47,567 --> 00:15:52,939
>> FIRST I WANTED TO
MENTION 

378
00:15:52,939 --> 00:15:56,076
THAT THERE IS A NEW PERSON IN 

379
00:15:56,076 --> 00:15:59,079
THE LEADERSHIP ROLE AT THING OFF

380
00:15:59,079 --> 00:16:00,814
OF STRATEGIC COORDINATION.

381
00:16:00,814 --> 00:16:02,549
THIS IS IN THE BUILDING 1, 

382
00:16:02,549 --> 00:16:05,385
DR. BERTAGNOLLI'S OFFICE AND 

383
00:16:05,385 --> 00:16:08,422
DR. CAROLYN HUTTER TO RUN THE 

384
00:16:08,422 --> 00:16:09,089
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC COORDINATION

385
00:16:09,089 --> 00:16:11,692
WHICH RUNS A NUMBER OF THINGS 

386
00:16:11,692 --> 00:16:14,928
BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY THE COMMON 

387
00:16:14,928 --> 00:16:16,930
FUND PROJECTS.

388
00:16:16,930 --> 00:16:18,732
THAT'S AROUND $700 MILLION.

389
00:16:18,732 --> 00:16:24,004
IT GOES TO THE OFFICE OF THE 

390
00:16:24,004 --> 00:16:25,739
DIRECTOR TO DO RESEARCH THAT 

391
00:16:25,739 --> 00:16:28,742
CUTS ACROSS INSTITUTES AND TRIES

392
00:16:28,742 --> 00:16:30,544
TO DO RESEARCH THAT'S FORWARD 

393
00:16:30,544 --> 00:16:30,877
LOOKING.

394
00:16:30,877 --> 00:16:32,079
HERE AT OUR INSTITUTE WE'VE 

395
00:16:32,079 --> 00:16:33,580
ALWAYS BEEN ACTIVE IN TRYING TO 

396
00:16:33,580 --> 00:16:36,983
GET ENGAGED IN THESE PROJECTS 

397
00:16:36,983 --> 00:16:43,023
BECAUSE WE WANT TO BRING THOSE 

398
00:16:43,023 --> 00:16:44,157
NEW SCIENCE TO NEUROSCIENCE.

399
00:16:44,157 --> 00:16:47,227
SO SOME OF THOSE INCLUDE THE 

400
00:16:47,227 --> 00:16:49,896
ACUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN SIGNATURE 

401
00:16:49,896 --> 00:16:51,732
PROGRAM ONGOING NOW RUN BY OUR 

402
00:16:51,732 --> 00:16:54,801
OFFICE OF PAIN, POLICY AND 

403
00:16:54,801 --> 00:16:56,737
PLANNING.

404
00:16:56,737 --> 00:16:58,772
THE ALS TRANSFORMATIVE PROJECT.

405
00:16:58,772 --> 00:17:00,173
THE FACULTY INSTITUTION 

406
00:17:00,173 --> 00:17:02,976
RECRUITMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE 

407
00:17:02,976 --> 00:17:04,678
TRANSFORMATION WHICH IS A 

408
00:17:04,678 --> 00:17:08,815
CO-HORT HIRING PROGRAM TO HIRE 

409
00:17:08,815 --> 00:17:12,085
FOLKS INTO DEPARTMENTS AND 

410
00:17:12,085 --> 00:17:15,589
UNIVERSITIES WHERE THEY WOULD BE

411
00:17:15,589 --> 00:17:17,724
VERY UNDER REPRESENTED BY 

412
00:17:17,724 --> 00:17:20,394
TOGETHER THE IDEA WOULD BE 

413
00:17:20,394 --> 00:17:22,729
THEY'D HAVE A MORE CHANCE OF 

414
00:17:22,729 --> 00:17:24,097
BEING SUCCESSFUL WORKING WITH 

415
00:17:24,097 --> 00:17:27,167
EACH OTHER AS THEY MOVE INTO THE

416
00:17:27,167 --> 00:17:28,168
ACADEMIC CAREERS.

417
00:17:28,168 --> 00:17:31,037
IT'S AN IDEA WE HAD YEARS AGO 

418
00:17:31,037 --> 00:17:33,273
AND WE'RE WORKING ON PUTTING IN 

419
00:17:33,273 --> 00:17:34,474
AND COMMON FUND THOUGHT IT WAS 

420
00:17:34,474 --> 00:17:38,612
GOOD AND TOOK IT WHICH IS GREAT 

421
00:17:38,612 --> 00:17:41,114
BECAUSE IT'S THEIR MONEY.

422
00:17:41,114 --> 00:17:43,650
AND THE SOMATIC CELL GENE 

423
00:17:43,650 --> 00:17:45,585
EDITING PROGRAM WAS AN EXCITING 

424
00:17:45,585 --> 00:17:47,087
PROGRAM ONGOING NOW IN THE 

425
00:17:47,087 --> 00:17:48,054
SECOND PHASE.

426
00:17:48,054 --> 00:17:50,190
THE FIRST PHASE WAS DEVELOPING 

427
00:17:50,190 --> 00:17:51,458
TOOLS TO BE ABLE TO GET PEOPLE 

428
00:17:51,458 --> 00:17:55,695
TO DO GENE EDITING IN VIVO AND 

429
00:17:55,695 --> 00:17:57,564
NOW IN THE SECOND PHASE WE'RE 

430
00:17:57,564 --> 00:18:02,702
FUNDING PROJECTS TO DO GENE 

431
00:18:02,702 --> 00:18:05,639
EDITING IN VIVO.

432
00:18:05,639 --> 00:18:12,179
WE'LL HEAR MORE LATER ON BUT 

433
00:18:12,179 --> 00:18:14,481
CLEARLY IT WILL TREAT 

434
00:18:14,481 --> 00:18:17,551
NEUROGENETIC DISORDERS BUT 

435
00:18:17,551 --> 00:18:18,885
POTENTIALLY CAN DO THIS SAFELY 

436
00:18:18,885 --> 00:18:21,254
THE GENE EDITING MAY BE VERY 

437
00:18:21,254 --> 00:18:22,956
IMPORTANT FOR MORE COMMON 

438
00:18:22,956 --> 00:18:25,492
DISORDERS, CHANGING VARIANTS, 

439
00:18:25,492 --> 00:18:27,594
DECREASING THE RISK OF 

440
00:18:27,594 --> 00:18:29,229
NEUROLOGIC DISEASES.

441
00:18:29,229 --> 00:18:32,165
THERE'S THE SPARK PROGRAM WHICH 

442
00:18:32,165 --> 00:18:36,169
WAS LOOKING AT INNOVATION IN THE

443
00:18:36,169 --> 00:18:41,708
BODY THROUGH THE AUTONOMIC 

444
00:18:41,708 --> 00:18:45,212
SYSTEM AND THERE'S ANOTHER 

445
00:18:45,212 --> 00:18:46,346
PROJECT TRYING TO DEVELOP AN 

446
00:18:46,346 --> 00:18:48,982
ATLAS OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS.

447
00:18:48,982 --> 00:18:51,485
AS PEOPLE KNOW THESE HAVE BEEN 

448
00:18:51,485 --> 00:18:53,086
FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT IN CAUSING

449
00:18:53,086 --> 00:18:55,255
TROUBLE WITH NEURODEVELOPMENT IN

450
00:18:55,255 --> 00:18:55,789
EPILEPSY.

451
00:18:55,789 --> 00:18:57,591
THERE'S A NEW PROGRAM THAT WE'RE

452
00:18:57,591 --> 00:18:59,626
JUST WORKING ON NOW.

453
00:18:59,626 --> 00:19:01,394
IT'S MEDICAL IMAGING, BRINGING 

454
00:19:01,394 --> 00:19:06,099
MEDICAL IMAGING WITH OTHER 

455
00:19:06,099 --> 00:19:08,168
HEALTH DATA INTO A SYSTEM WHERE 

456
00:19:08,168 --> 00:19:09,669
A.I. ALGORITHMS CAN BE USED TO 

457
00:19:09,669 --> 00:19:13,206
MAKE PREDICTS THAT WOULD BE 

458
00:19:13,206 --> 00:19:18,812
VALUABLE IN PREDICTING ISSUES IN

459
00:19:18,812 --> 00:19:20,146
SOMEONE'S HEALTH.

460
00:19:20,146 --> 00:19:22,883
THERE'S A LOT OF A.I. GOING ON 

461
00:19:22,883 --> 00:19:24,050
IN THE HEALTH BUSINESS BUT 

462
00:19:24,050 --> 00:19:27,220
SURPRISINGLY NO ONE HAS BEEN 

463
00:19:27,220 --> 00:19:32,726
ABLE TO ACTUALLY OVERCOME THIS 

464
00:19:32,726 --> 00:19:35,128
BARE SO THERE'S BIOLOGICAL DATA 

465
00:19:35,128 --> 00:19:38,231
SITTING IN IMAGES AND 

466
00:19:38,231 --> 00:19:39,599
HOSPITALING AROUND THE COUNTRY 

467
00:19:39,599 --> 00:19:41,668
THAT HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO BE 

468
00:19:41,668 --> 00:19:43,003
ANALYZED AT SCALE AND THAT'S A 

469
00:19:43,003 --> 00:19:53,380
HOPE OF THAT PROGRAM.

470
00:19:59,886 --> 00:20:03,657
AND 80% HAD NEURO LONLIC 

471
00:20:03,657 --> 00:20:05,725
CONDITIONS AND WHEN THAT COMMON 

472
00:20:05,725 --> 00:20:14,568
FUND PROJECT NANDS TOOK THE LEAD

473
00:20:14,568 --> 00:20:18,772
IN CONTINUING THAT WORK AND WILL

474
00:20:18,772 --> 00:20:27,314
CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE.

475
00:20:27,314 --> 00:20:32,152
THE NEXT SLIDE IS TO POINT OUT 

476
00:20:32,152 --> 00:20:33,687
SOME OF THE PRIORITIES FROM 

477
00:20:33,687 --> 00:20:41,895
DR. BERTAGNOLLI, THE NIH 

478
00:20:41,895 --> 00:20:42,162
DIRECTOR.

479
00:20:42,162 --> 00:20:44,598
THE EDITORIAL IS TALKING ABOUT 

480
00:20:44,598 --> 00:20:45,665
HER TWO MAJOR PRIORITIES TO 

481
00:20:45,665 --> 00:20:48,168
BRING RESEARCH INTO THE 

482
00:20:48,168 --> 00:20:51,671
COMMUNITIES, PRIMARILY BY 

483
00:20:51,671 --> 00:20:53,673
PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS AND THE 

484
00:20:53,673 --> 00:20:55,742
ISSUE I THINK IS THERE TO BE 

485
00:20:55,742 --> 00:20:58,678
TAKEN IS THE FACT THAT OUR 

486
00:20:58,678 --> 00:21:01,014
HEALTH IN THE U.S. GIVEN THE 

487
00:21:01,014 --> 00:21:02,315
DOLLARS WE SPEND RATES VERY LOW 

488
00:21:02,315 --> 00:21:03,850
COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES AND 

489
00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:05,919
ONE OF THE REASONS IS BECAUSE 

490
00:21:05,919 --> 00:21:08,989
OUR PREVENTATIVE HEALTH AND 

491
00:21:08,989 --> 00:21:10,890
RESEARCH HAS REALLY NOT STOOD UP

492
00:21:10,890 --> 00:21:13,193
TO THE RESEARCH WE DO FOR WHEN 

493
00:21:13,193 --> 00:21:14,060
YOU GET SICK.

494
00:21:14,060 --> 00:21:15,929
SO THE ONLY WAY TO REALLY SOLVE 

495
00:21:15,929 --> 00:21:18,231
THAT IS TO WORK AT THE COMMUNITY

496
00:21:18,231 --> 00:21:20,834
LEVEL IN THE PRIMARY CARE 

497
00:21:20,834 --> 00:21:22,435
SETTING WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT 

498
00:21:22,435 --> 00:21:23,536
HASN'T BEEN DONE VERY 

499
00:21:23,536 --> 00:21:25,805
SUCCESSFULLY IN THE PAST.

500
00:21:25,805 --> 00:21:27,107
IT'S A BIG CHALLENGE.

501
00:21:27,107 --> 00:21:27,941
THAT'S WHAT MONICA IS HOPING TO 

502
00:21:27,941 --> 00:21:32,646
DO.

503
00:21:32,646 --> 00:21:35,348
THE SECOND EDITORIAL I THINK WAS

504
00:21:35,348 --> 00:21:39,719
IN SCIENCE AND IT WAS JUST 

505
00:21:39,719 --> 00:21:42,389
POINTING OUT ONCE AGAIN NIH'S 

506
00:21:42,389 --> 00:21:46,559
SUPPORT FOR ASIAN IMMIGRANT AND 

507
00:21:46,559 --> 00:21:47,394
ASIAN RESEARCH COLLEAGUES 

508
00:21:47,394 --> 00:21:51,731
ACKNOWLEDGING THE FACT THAT THE 

509
00:21:51,731 --> 00:21:55,802
ISSUES THAT OCCURRED WHERE 

510
00:21:55,802 --> 00:21:57,637
PEOPLE'S SUPPORT WAS SCRUTINIZED

511
00:21:57,637 --> 00:22:01,941
AND PEOPLE WERE FOUND TO HAVE 

512
00:22:01,941 --> 00:22:03,009
SUPPORT FROM OTHER PLACES THEY 

513
00:22:03,009 --> 00:22:04,844
DIDN'T ACKNOWLEDGE ON THE GRANTS

514
00:22:04,844 --> 00:22:10,550
LED TO A LOT OF TROUBLES AND 

515
00:22:10,550 --> 00:22:18,158
BOILED OVER ASIAN SCIENTISTS 

516
00:22:18,158 --> 00:22:19,192
TOOK THE BRUNT OF THAT 

517
00:22:19,192 --> 00:22:20,460
DISCRIMINATION AND THE GOOD NEWS

518
00:22:20,460 --> 00:22:25,832
IS THOSE INCIDENTS NOW ARE 

519
00:22:25,832 --> 00:22:29,469
BASICALLY A TRICKLE IF FIG.

520
00:22:29,469 --> 00:22:31,237
PEOPLE HAVE LEARNED TO BE 

521
00:22:31,237 --> 00:22:32,572
TRANSPARENT WITH SUPPORT BUT 

522
00:22:32,572 --> 00:22:36,176
STILL I THINK MONICA'S COMING 

523
00:22:36,176 --> 00:22:41,614
OUT IN SCIENCE WITH THIS BACKING

524
00:22:41,614 --> 00:22:42,982
OF THE ASIAN AMERICAN SCIENTISTS

525
00:22:42,982 --> 00:22:45,719
TO GET THINGS BACK TO NORMAL AND

526
00:22:45,719 --> 00:22:49,856
CERTAINLY FOR US, 20% OF OUR 

527
00:22:49,856 --> 00:22:51,391
GRANTEES ARE ASIAN AMERICANS.

528
00:22:51,391 --> 00:22:56,696
THEY'RE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO 

529
00:22:56,696 --> 00:22:59,466
OUR MISSION AND TREMENDOUSLY 

530
00:22:59,466 --> 00:23:01,701
VALUED HERE AT NANDS.

531
00:23:01,701 --> 00:23:06,740
A COUPLE NEW THINGS PEOPLE 

532
00:23:06,740 --> 00:23:13,747
COMING ON YOU MAY RECALL NINA 

533
00:23:13,747 --> 00:23:16,716
SHORE LEFT TO BECOME THE ACT 

534
00:23:16,716 --> 00:23:21,187
BEING SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR IN THE

535
00:23:21,187 --> 00:23:23,356
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM AND HIRED TO 

536
00:23:23,356 --> 00:23:31,331
BE HEAD OF INTRAMURAL AT NIH AND

537
00:23:31,331 --> 00:23:33,266
AMY ADAMS HAS TAKEN OVER AND 

538
00:23:33,266 --> 00:23:36,836
SHE'S EFFICIENT AND ADEPT IN HER

539
00:23:36,836 --> 00:23:39,773
LEADERSHIP ROLE.

540
00:23:39,773 --> 00:23:42,675
WE HAVE WHAT'S CALLED A SELECTED

541
00:23:42,675 --> 00:23:42,942
OFFICIAL.

542
00:23:42,942 --> 00:23:44,978
THEY HAVEN'T REALLY GOTTEN THEIR

543
00:23:44,978 --> 00:23:50,083
NOTICE THEY'RE ON PROBATION 

544
00:23:50,083 --> 00:23:53,520
WHICH IS WHEN YOU COME TO NIH 

545
00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:55,388
YOU GET A LETTER SAYING YOU'RE 

546
00:23:55,388 --> 00:23:57,023
ON PROBATION FOR A YEAR AND I 

547
00:23:57,023 --> 00:24:00,126
REMEMBER I GOT ONE AND I THOUGHT

548
00:24:00,126 --> 00:24:05,532
I HADN'T DONE ANYTHING WRONG 

549
00:24:05,532 --> 00:24:05,698
YET.

550
00:24:05,698 --> 00:24:13,039
WE'RE HOPING ANNAPURNA WILL COME

551
00:24:13,039 --> 00:24:14,974
ON AND SHE'S A PEDIATRIC 

552
00:24:14,974 --> 00:24:16,543
NEUROLOGIST FOCUSSED ON 

553
00:24:16,543 --> 00:24:19,479
UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF 

554
00:24:19,479 --> 00:24:22,849
HUMAN EPILEPSY.

555
00:24:22,849 --> 00:24:24,918
MANY CONDITIONS THAT FALL UNDER 

556
00:24:24,918 --> 00:24:32,158
THE GENOMIC THERAPIES WOULD BE 

557
00:24:32,158 --> 00:24:42,569
EPILEPSIES AND CLOSE TO 

558
00:24:43,736 --> 00:24:45,839
RECRUITING A NEW DIRECTOR OF 

559
00:24:45,839 --> 00:24:49,209
EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AND THAT'S

560
00:24:49,209 --> 00:24:49,976
ANDREA MEREDITH A PROFESSOR AT 

561
00:24:49,976 --> 00:24:51,277
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AND HER 

562
00:24:51,277 --> 00:24:56,182
RESEARCH OVER THE YEARS HAS BEEN

563
00:24:56,182 --> 00:25:01,921
FOCUSSED MOSTLY ON BK CHANNELS 

564
00:25:01,921 --> 00:25:05,325
AND IN THE BIOPHYSICAL SPACE AND

565
00:25:05,325 --> 00:25:06,826
WAS GETTING FROM DIFFERENT 

566
00:25:06,826 --> 00:25:08,161
INSTITUTES AT NIH DEPENDING ON 

567
00:25:08,161 --> 00:25:15,168
THE ORGAN SYSTEM.

568
00:25:15,168 --> 00:25:17,103
PRIMARILY A BIOPHYSICIST WHO RAN

569
00:25:17,103 --> 00:25:25,745
INTO A MUTATION THAT CAUTIONS 

570
00:25:25,745 --> 00:25:28,948
ULTRA RARE AMNESIA AND 

571
00:25:28,948 --> 00:25:29,582
DYSKINESIA DISORDER AND THAT 

572
00:25:29,582 --> 00:25:32,151
DISEASE AND LOOKING FORWARD TO 

573
00:25:32,151 --> 00:25:33,920
ANDREA COMING IN.

574
00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:42,161
GREAT THANKS TO DR. DAVID OWENS 

575
00:25:42,161 --> 00:25:50,403
AS THE ACTING DEA DIRECTOR.

576
00:25:50,403 --> 00:26:00,947
I WE HAVEN'T MISSED A STEP AND 

577
00:26:06,219 --> 00:26:11,291
SHE'S MOVED TO BECOME THE 

578
00:26:11,291 --> 00:26:13,593
DIRECTOR AT NIBIB.

579
00:26:13,593 --> 00:26:14,861
WE'LL MISS ANNA BUT WE KNOW 

580
00:26:14,861 --> 00:26:21,901
WHERE SHE LIVES.

581
00:26:21,901 --> 00:26:25,004
NOW, TO SOME SOBERING NEWS.

582
00:26:25,004 --> 00:26:27,140
WE'RE ALWAYS VERY TRANSPARENT IN

583
00:26:27,140 --> 00:26:29,842
TERMS OF TALKING TO THE COUNCIL 

584
00:26:29,842 --> 00:26:33,012
AND TO THE PUBLIC ABOUT OUR 

585
00:26:33,012 --> 00:26:36,015
FINANCIAL SITUATION AND OUR 

586
00:26:36,015 --> 00:26:37,517
BUDGET.

587
00:26:37,517 --> 00:26:39,018
SO, WHAT SHOW SLIDE SHOWS IN 

588
00:26:39,018 --> 00:26:42,388
GREEN ARE PAST YEARS AND AS YOU 

589
00:26:42,388 --> 00:26:47,393
PLAY KNOW WE WERE FLAT BETWEEN 

590
00:26:47,393 --> 00:26:49,262
2004 AND 2016 WITHOUT MUCH 

591
00:26:49,262 --> 00:26:51,197
INCREASE AT ALL BUT IN 2016 WE 

592
00:26:51,197 --> 00:26:53,232
STARTED TO GET YEARLY INCREASES 

593
00:26:53,232 --> 00:26:57,570
WHICH REALLY HELPED US TO DO A 

594
00:26:57,570 --> 00:27:01,541
GREAT MORE SCIENCE AND FUND A 

595
00:27:01,541 --> 00:27:06,946
LARGER NUMBER OF PEOPLE INTO 

596
00:27:06,946 --> 00:27:07,814
NANDS AND THE DIFFICULTY AS YOU 

597
00:27:07,814 --> 00:27:12,151
DO THAT IS YOU FUND MORE GRANTS,

598
00:27:12,151 --> 00:27:15,655
YOU INCUR MORE OUT YEARS AND IF 

599
00:27:15,655 --> 00:27:20,827
YOU DON'T GET AN INCREASE THAT 

600
00:27:20,827 --> 00:27:21,995
AT LEAST KEEPS PACE WITH 

601
00:27:21,995 --> 00:27:24,163
INFLATION YOU RUN INTO WHAT IS 

602
00:27:24,163 --> 00:27:27,266
CALLED A CLIFF WHICH IS WHERE WE

603
00:27:27,266 --> 00:27:32,171
WENT OVER IN '24 AND STILL OVER 

604
00:27:32,171 --> 00:27:34,407
THAT CLIFF.

605
00:27:34,407 --> 00:27:37,677
IN '24 SEE THE TOTAL 

606
00:27:37,677 --> 00:27:40,413
APPROPRIATION DROPPED BY 4.4% 

607
00:27:40,413 --> 00:27:41,981
LARGELY DUE TO THE DECREASE IN 

608
00:27:41,981 --> 00:27:43,483
FUNDING TO THIS BRAIN INITIATIVE

609
00:27:43,483 --> 00:27:44,584
OTHERWISE THINGS WERE PRETTY 

610
00:27:44,584 --> 00:27:46,686
FLAT AND THE COST OF GRANTS WENT

611
00:27:46,686 --> 00:27:46,919
UP.

612
00:27:46,919 --> 00:27:49,956
THAT CAUSED US NOT TO BE ABLE TO

613
00:27:49,956 --> 00:27:51,591
FUND AS MANY GRANTS AS WE WISH 

614
00:27:51,591 --> 00:27:56,429
AND THEN FORCED US TO DO THINGS 

615
00:27:56,429 --> 00:28:01,968
AND GARNER MONEY AND TRIED TO 

616
00:28:01,968 --> 00:28:03,469
PUT A FORCE ON THE COST FOR 

617
00:28:03,469 --> 00:28:05,538
GRANT WE'LL GET TO IN A SECOND.

618
00:28:05,538 --> 00:28:08,875
LOOKING FORWARD TO 2025, WHICH 

619
00:28:08,875 --> 00:28:14,313
FOR US STARTS OCTOBER 1 WE'RE 

620
00:28:14,313 --> 00:28:16,049
COMING TO THE END OF THE YEAR.

621
00:28:16,049 --> 00:28:20,153
A NEW CAREER STARTS OCTOBER 1.

622
00:28:20,153 --> 00:28:23,489
LOOKING FORWARD TO 2025, WE HAVE

623
00:28:23,489 --> 00:28:25,758
BASICALLY THREE BUDGET NUMBERS 

624
00:28:25,758 --> 00:28:28,528
TO LOOK AT ONE IS THE 

625
00:28:28,528 --> 00:28:29,662
PRESIDENT'S BUDGET WHICH 

626
00:28:29,662 --> 00:28:34,901
RESTORES THE BRAIN INITIATIVE, 

627
00:28:34,901 --> 00:28:39,272
GIVES US A TOTAL OF 5.3% 

628
00:28:39,272 --> 00:28:40,940
INCREASE BUT DOES NOT INCREASE 

629
00:28:40,940 --> 00:28:48,581
THE FUNDS FOR  REGULAR GRANTS.

630
00:28:48,581 --> 00:28:52,051
THE HOUSE DOES NOT RESTORE THE 

631
00:28:52,051 --> 00:28:54,987
BRAIN INITIATIVE AND THE SFLAT 

632
00:28:54,987 --> 00:28:56,155
DOES RESTORE THE BRAIN 

633
00:28:56,155 --> 00:28:56,756
INITIATIVE MONEY.

634
00:28:56,756 --> 00:29:01,394
WE'LL TALK IN DETAIL ABOUT SOME 

635
00:29:01,394 --> 00:29:02,228
OF THESE NUMBERS.

636
00:29:02,228 --> 00:29:08,501
I WANT TO START BY SHOWING THE 

637
00:29:08,501 --> 00:29:11,170
TOP LINE WHICH ENCASED IN RED.

638
00:29:11,170 --> 00:29:12,371
THE FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR WHAT WE 

639
00:29:12,371 --> 00:29:15,441
CALL NORMAL PROCESSES.

640
00:29:15,441 --> 00:29:20,480
NOT TARGETED FUNDS.

641
00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:25,451
THIS IS THE FUND IING FOR RPG 

642
00:29:25,451 --> 00:29:27,487
FUNDING MAKING UP THE VAST 

643
00:29:27,487 --> 00:29:27,753
MAJORITY.

644
00:29:27,753 --> 00:29:32,158
WE INCREASED FROM 2020 FROM 

645
00:29:32,158 --> 00:29:38,865
$1.97 MILLION TO 2023 TO $2.167 

646
00:29:38,865 --> 00:29:40,766
MILLION AND THEN IN '24 WAS 

647
00:29:40,766 --> 00:29:41,267
FLAT.

648
00:29:41,267 --> 00:29:44,170
IN '25 THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET IS

649
00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:49,142
PRETTY FLAT.

650
00:29:49,142 --> 00:29:50,776
THE HOUSE MARK IS A LITTLE BIT 

651
00:29:50,776 --> 00:29:51,377
INCREASED THE SENATE MARK IS 

652
00:29:51,377 --> 00:29:58,618
FLAT.

653
00:29:58,618 --> 00:30:01,087
WE HAVE TO PREPARE OUR A FLAT 

654
00:30:01,087 --> 00:30:03,422
BUDGET AT LEAST THAT'S OUR BEST 

655
00:30:03,422 --> 00:30:05,091
SITUATION TO GET A FLAT BUDGET 

656
00:30:05,091 --> 00:30:05,791
PUTTING US IN THE SAME SPOT WE 

657
00:30:05,791 --> 00:30:16,102
WERE IN LAST YEAR.

658
00:30:17,436 --> 00:30:19,071
THE EXPECTATION IS HAVING A 

659
00:30:19,071 --> 00:30:20,173
CONTINUING RESOLUTION YOU 

660
00:30:20,173 --> 00:30:25,411
OPERATE AS IF YOU HAD THE SAME 

661
00:30:25,411 --> 00:30:31,617
AMOUNT YOU HAD LAST YEAR BUT 

662
00:30:31,617 --> 00:30:35,388
THAT'S A GUESS AND YOU MAY HAVE 

663
00:30:35,388 --> 00:30:38,224
OVERSPENT OR UNDER SPENT AND YOU

664
00:30:38,224 --> 00:30:39,458
WANT TO UNDER SPEND BECAUSE IF 

665
00:30:39,458 --> 00:30:42,295
YOU OVER SPEND YOU HAVE AN 

666
00:30:42,295 --> 00:30:46,332
IMBALANCE WHERE YOU FUNDED 

667
00:30:46,332 --> 00:30:47,166
GRANTS AND HAVE TO STOP HALFWAY 

668
00:30:47,166 --> 00:30:56,175
THROUGH THE YEAR.

669
00:30:56,175 --> 00:30:58,010
WE ACT CONSERVATIVE AND FIGURE 

670
00:30:58,010 --> 00:31:00,279
WE'LL GET THROUGH IT OKAY BUT WE

671
00:31:00,279 --> 00:31:02,248
CAN ALWAYS INCREASE THE PAY LINE

672
00:31:02,248 --> 00:31:03,749
WHEN WE HAVE A BUDGET AND THEN 

673
00:31:03,749 --> 00:31:06,986
GO BACK AND PAY GRANTS WE DIDN'T

674
00:31:06,986 --> 00:31:09,088
FUND SAY THIS COUNCIL CAN FUND 

675
00:31:09,088 --> 00:31:12,425
THEM IN FEBRUARY IF WE HAVE A 

676
00:31:12,425 --> 00:31:13,426
BUDGET OR MAY IF IT TAKES THAT 

677
00:31:13,426 --> 00:31:23,803
LONG TO HAVE A BUDGET.

678
00:31:28,975 --> 00:31:30,776
GIVEN AN ELECTION YEAR AND THEY 

679
00:31:30,776 --> 00:31:33,980
AGREED ON A FLAT BUDGET FOR '24 

680
00:31:33,980 --> 00:31:36,882
WHICH WE GOT AND ALSO AGREED THE

681
00:31:36,882 --> 00:31:38,751
'25 BUDGET WOULD NOT BE MORE 

682
00:31:38,751 --> 00:31:44,156
THAN 1% INCREASE OVER THE '24 

683
00:31:44,156 --> 00:31:54,300
BUDGET.

684
00:31:57,870 --> 00:32:00,506
THAT PUTS US IN A ROIF 

685
00:32:00,506 --> 00:32:01,641
SITUATION.

686
00:32:01,641 --> 00:32:03,676
THE NEXT ROW IS THE BRAIN 

687
00:32:03,676 --> 00:32:03,976
INITIATIVE.

688
00:32:03,976 --> 00:32:05,278
IN 2020 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE HAS

689
00:32:05,278 --> 00:32:12,151
TWO BUCKETS OF MONEY.

690
00:32:12,151 --> 00:32:13,252
O

691
00:32:13,252 --> 00:32:17,323
ONE, THE BRAIN AND 21st 

692
00:32:17,323 --> 00:32:19,692
CENTURIES CURES BUDGET AND THEY 

693
00:32:19,692 --> 00:32:22,762
HAD AN AMOUNT FROM CURES AND 

694
00:32:22,762 --> 00:32:27,633
70 -- $70 MILLION FROM CURES AND

695
00:32:27,633 --> 00:32:36,108
$28.9 MILLION FROM THE BASE OF 

696
00:32:36,108 --> 00:32:36,842
NINDS.

697
00:32:36,842 --> 00:32:38,477
MI MH IS GETTING THE SAME THING 

698
00:32:38,477 --> 00:32:39,278
WE'RE GETTING.

699
00:32:39,278 --> 00:32:40,579
IF YOU FOLLOW THE NUMBERS ACROSS

700
00:32:40,579 --> 00:32:43,449
YOU CAN SEE THE CURES MOANY GOES

701
00:32:43,449 --> 00:32:46,018
DOWN AND THEN UP AND THEN IN 

702
00:32:46,018 --> 00:32:52,158
2023 IT GOES FROM $76 MILLION TO

703
00:32:52,158 --> 00:32:52,591
$225 MILLION.

704
00:32:52,591 --> 00:32:55,194
WHAT HAPPENED THERE WAS THE 

705
00:32:55,194 --> 00:32:56,996
FOLKS AT THE NIH BUDGET SAID 

706
00:32:56,996 --> 00:32:58,230
THIS IS A BIG INCREASE AND WE 

707
00:32:58,230 --> 00:33:02,401
CAN'T GIVE YOU ALL THAT CURES 

708
00:33:02,401 --> 00:33:04,003
MONEY ON TOP OF THE BASE WE'RE 

709
00:33:04,003 --> 00:33:07,540
GOING TO TAKE THE CURES MONEY 

710
00:33:07,540 --> 00:33:08,741
BUT REDUCE THE BASE.

711
00:33:08,741 --> 00:33:11,510
IN THE IDEA WAS IN '24 WHEN THE 

712
00:33:11,510 --> 00:33:15,281
CURES MONEY GOES DOWN TO $86 

713
00:33:15,281 --> 00:33:16,849
MILLION THEN THE EXPECTATION WAS

714
00:33:16,849 --> 00:33:18,317
THEY RAISE THE BASE AGAIN BUT 

715
00:33:18,317 --> 00:33:21,721
THEY DID NOT DO THAT.

716
00:33:21,721 --> 00:33:25,424
THAT CAUSED THIS 40% DROP IN THE

717
00:33:25,424 --> 00:33:27,493
BRAIN INITIATIVE BUDGET IN 2024.

718
00:33:27,493 --> 00:33:29,995
IN 2025 YOU CAN SEE THE CURES 

719
00:33:29,995 --> 00:33:35,201
MONEY DROPS AGAIN ALMOST IN HALF

720
00:33:35,201 --> 00:33:38,971
AND THE BRAIN BASE BUDGET IS 

721
00:33:38,971 --> 00:33:40,373
REALLY QUESTIONABLE WHAT'S GOING

722
00:33:40,373 --> 00:33:42,108
TO HAPPEN THERE.

723
00:33:42,108 --> 00:33:44,777
THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET RESTORES 

724
00:33:44,777 --> 00:33:49,615
THE BASE, $243 MILLION AND THE 

725
00:33:49,615 --> 00:33:51,684
SENATE MARK DOES THE SAME BUT 

726
00:33:51,684 --> 00:33:53,419
THE HOUSE MARK KEEPS IT FLAT.

727
00:33:53,419 --> 00:33:57,022
THE BASE BUDGET IS WHAT YOU RELY

728
00:33:57,022 --> 00:33:58,891
UPON IN ANY KIND OF LONG-TERM 

729
00:33:58,891 --> 00:34:00,092
MONEY.

730
00:34:00,092 --> 00:34:01,627
THE CURES MONEY DISAPPEARS 

731
00:34:01,627 --> 00:34:03,028
COMPLETELY IN 2026.

732
00:34:03,028 --> 00:34:07,032
MOVING ALL THESE ADVANCES FROM 

733
00:34:07,032 --> 00:34:09,235
THE BRAIN INITIATIVE FORWARD 

734
00:34:09,235 --> 00:34:10,803
RELIES ON GETTING THE BASE 

735
00:34:10,803 --> 00:34:11,871
BUDGET BACK.

736
00:34:11,871 --> 00:34:13,839
FOR NINDS I'D SAY 90% OF THIS 

737
00:34:13,839 --> 00:34:15,841
PEOPLE FUNDED BY BRAIN ARE GOING

738
00:34:15,841 --> 00:34:19,678
TO BE COMING TO NINDS IF THERE'S

739
00:34:19,678 --> 00:34:24,216
NO BRAIN MONEY PUTTING INCREASED

740
00:34:24,216 --> 00:34:26,385
PRESSURE ON NINDS IN TERMS OF 

741
00:34:26,385 --> 00:34:27,953
FUNDING AND THEY'RE GOOD 

742
00:34:27,953 --> 00:34:29,588
PROJECTING SO IT WILL MAKE 

743
00:34:29,588 --> 00:34:30,856
THINGS REALLY COMPETITIVE IF 

744
00:34:30,856 --> 00:34:32,158
THAT HAPPENS.

745
00:34:32,158 --> 00:34:39,231
THAT'S THE STORY WITH THE BRAIN 

746
00:34:39,231 --> 00:34:40,166
BUDGET.

747
00:34:40,166 --> 00:34:46,272
JOHN NGAI IS HE DIRECTOR AND HIS

748
00:34:46,272 --> 00:34:49,742
ABILITY COULD BE REDUCED.

749
00:34:49,742 --> 00:34:52,912
THE PLAN WITH BRAIN IS TO TAKE 

750
00:34:52,912 --> 00:34:54,880
IN THE GRANTS, WE PRIORITIZE ALL

751
00:34:54,880 --> 00:34:57,383
THE GRANTS AND BRING THEM TO THE

752
00:34:57,383 --> 00:34:58,017
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY WORKING GROUP

753
00:34:58,017 --> 00:35:00,152
BUT WE'RE NOT GOING TO FUND 

754
00:35:00,152 --> 00:35:01,487
ANYTHING UNTIL WE KNOW WHAT THE 

755
00:35:01,487 --> 00:35:02,054
BUDGET IS.

756
00:35:02,054 --> 00:35:04,256
WE'RE JUST GOING TO SIT AND HAVE

757
00:35:04,256 --> 00:35:06,392
THESE THINGS TALLIED UP AND ONCE

758
00:35:06,392 --> 00:35:07,259
WE KNOW HOW MUCH MONEY WE HAVE 

759
00:35:07,259 --> 00:35:09,562
WE CAN START FUNDING THE GRANTS 

760
00:35:09,562 --> 00:35:11,063
BECAUSE THERE'LL BE GRANTS 

761
00:35:11,063 --> 00:35:14,700
COMING IN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR IF

762
00:35:14,700 --> 00:35:18,671
YOU SPENT ALL YOUR 30 NOW YOU 

763
00:35:18,671 --> 00:35:19,638
CAN'T FUND ANYTHING ELSE THE 

764
00:35:19,638 --> 00:35:20,406
REST OF YEAR.

765
00:35:20,406 --> 00:35:21,941
THE THOUGHT IS WHAT COMES IN 

766
00:35:21,941 --> 00:35:22,908
THROUGH THE YEAR AND HOW MUCH 

767
00:35:22,908 --> 00:35:24,210
MONEY WE HAVE AND THEN MAKE THE 

768
00:35:24,210 --> 00:35:29,682
DECISION ON FUNDING.

769
00:35:29,682 --> 00:35:30,549
THERE ARE OTHER CONGRESSIONALLY 

770
00:35:30,549 --> 00:35:32,151
MANDATED FUND.

771
00:35:32,151 --> 00:35:35,654
THE HEAL INITIATIVE, WHICH WE'LL

772
00:35:35,654 --> 00:35:36,889
TALK ABOUT IN A SECOND.

773
00:35:36,889 --> 00:35:41,760
DOWN THE ROAD IS HELPING TO END 

774
00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:44,163
ADDICTION LONG TERM.

775
00:35:44,163 --> 00:35:45,931
MONEY GOES TO THE NATIONAL 

776
00:35:45,931 --> 00:35:46,732
INSTITUTE OF DRUG ABUSE 

777
00:35:46,732 --> 00:35:48,167
PRIMARILY TO REDUCE THE DAMAGE 

778
00:35:48,167 --> 00:35:54,406
TO THE COUNTRY DUE TO OPIOID 

779
00:35:54,406 --> 00:35:58,944
OVERDOSES AND DEATHS WHICH ARE 

780
00:35:58,944 --> 00:36:01,080
STILL TRAGICALLY HIGH.

781
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:03,349
FUNDS ALSO COME TO NINDS AND WE 

782
00:36:03,349 --> 00:36:08,521
WORK WITH 14 INSTITUTES THAT 

783
00:36:08,521 --> 00:36:11,423
HAVE PAIN PORTFOLIOS TRYING TO 

784
00:36:11,423 --> 00:36:13,192
DEVELOP NON-ADDICTIVE 

785
00:36:13,192 --> 00:36:16,161
THERAPEUTICS OR NON-ADDICTIVE 

786
00:36:16,161 --> 00:36:17,730
STRATEGIES FOR PAIN.

787
00:36:17,730 --> 00:36:19,698
IT'S BEEN WILDLY SUCCESSFUL AND 

788
00:36:19,698 --> 00:36:23,302
THIS IS FUNDING RIGHT NOW IT'S 

789
00:36:23,302 --> 00:36:24,770
AT THE BASE AND LOOKS LIKE 

790
00:36:24,770 --> 00:36:26,539
SOMETHING WE CAN COUNT ON GOING 

791
00:36:26,539 --> 00:36:28,173
FORWARD AND WE'LL BE TALKING 

792
00:36:28,173 --> 00:36:32,177
ABOUT STRATEGIC PLANNING COMING 

793
00:36:32,177 --> 00:36:34,313
UP FOR THIS PURPOSE.

794
00:36:34,313 --> 00:36:37,249
CONGRESS ALSO GIVES US FUNDS FOR

795
00:36:37,249 --> 00:36:39,285
ALZHEIMER'S RELATED DEMENTIA 

796
00:36:39,285 --> 00:36:39,552
RESEARCH.

797
00:36:39,552 --> 00:36:40,619
CONGRESS IS INCREASED THE 

798
00:36:40,619 --> 00:36:43,255
FUNDING FOR DEMENTIA RESEARCH 

799
00:36:43,255 --> 00:36:46,258
FOR ABOUT $3.5 MILLION OVER THE 

800
00:36:46,258 --> 00:36:49,194
LAST FIVE OFFER SIX YEARS.

801
00:36:49,194 --> 00:36:50,729
WE MARCHING ABOUT 10% OF THAT 

802
00:36:50,729 --> 00:36:52,331
MON -- WE MANAGE ABOUT 10% OF 

803
00:36:52,331 --> 00:36:54,266
THAT MONEY.

804
00:36:54,266 --> 00:36:59,805
INITIALLY IT ALL WENT TO THE 

805
00:36:59,805 --> 00:37:01,840
AGING INSTITUTE AND WE WORK WITH

806
00:37:01,840 --> 00:37:04,476
THE AGING INSTITUTE AND 

807
00:37:04,476 --> 00:37:06,779
BASICALLY ALL THE MONEY'S IN THE

808
00:37:06,779 --> 00:37:11,917
POT AND WE USE ABOUT 10% OF IT 

809
00:37:11,917 --> 00:37:14,053
CURRENTLY AND THE ALZHEIMER'S 

810
00:37:14,053 --> 00:37:16,555
RELATED DEMENTIA ARE FRONTAL 

811
00:37:16,555 --> 00:37:21,794
TEMPORAL AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA 

812
00:37:21,794 --> 00:37:25,864
AND LEWY BODY AND PARKINSON'S 

813
00:37:25,864 --> 00:37:27,666
DISEASE AND WE WILL HEAR FROM 

814
00:37:27,666 --> 00:37:28,968
OTHERS LATER ON SUMMARY OF 

815
00:37:28,968 --> 00:37:33,572
WHAT'S GOING ON IN THAT SPACE.

816
00:37:33,572 --> 00:37:36,175
I MENTIONED THE COMMON FUND 

817
00:37:36,175 --> 00:37:40,846
MOVED THE UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE 

818
00:37:40,846 --> 00:37:43,382
NETWORK TO NINDS IN 2023 WITH A 

819
00:37:43,382 --> 00:37:47,219
BUDGET OF ABOUT $18 MILLION.

820
00:37:47,219 --> 00:37:52,725
WE CUT ABOUT $4 MILLION FROM THE

821
00:37:52,725 --> 00:37:53,058
INSTITUTE.

822
00:37:53,058 --> 00:37:54,860
THE NINDS BUILDING 1 HAS BEEN 

823
00:37:54,860 --> 00:37:58,063
GIVING US THE DIFFERENCE TO MAKE

824
00:37:58,063 --> 00:37:59,965
UP $18 MILLION BUT WE UNDERSTAND

825
00:37:59,965 --> 00:38:00,866
THAT'S GOING TO STOP.

826
00:38:00,866 --> 00:38:04,737
THIS IS THE LAST YEAR FOR THAT.

827
00:38:04,737 --> 00:38:08,540
NEXT YEAR THE HOPE IS WE GET AN 

828
00:38:08,540 --> 00:38:12,544
APPROPRIATION FOR THE $18 

829
00:38:12,544 --> 00:38:12,778
MILLION.

830
00:38:12,778 --> 00:38:19,518
THE APPROPRIATION NOW IS ONLY $2

831
00:38:19,518 --> 00:38:19,752
MILLION.

832
00:38:19,752 --> 00:38:20,119
GINA.

833
00:38:20,119 --> 00:38:24,923
>> I'M CURIOUS WHETHER
THERE'S A

834
00:38:24,923 --> 00:38:30,029
NEW CALL OUT FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

835
00:38:30,029 --> 00:38:32,164
DISEASE FOR THE ONE TOX NETWORK.

836
00:38:32,164 --> 00:38:36,135
IS THAT PART OF THIS BUDGET OR 

837
00:38:36,135 --> 00:38:37,469
IS IT A NEW INITIATIVE?

838
00:38:37,469 --> 00:38:38,837
>> GOOD POINT.

839
00:38:38,837 --> 00:38:42,608
I SHOULD HAVE MAY BE TALKED MORE

840
00:38:42,608 --> 00:38:48,147
ABOUT THAT BUT TO QUALIFY FOR 

841
00:38:48,147 --> 00:38:50,315
ALZHEIMER'S RELATED DEMENTIA 

842
00:38:50,315 --> 00:38:51,450
WITH A DIFFERENT PAY LINE 

843
00:38:51,450 --> 00:38:52,851
BECAUSE THERE'S MORE MONEY 

844
00:38:52,851 --> 00:38:55,754
THERE, EITHER YOU COME TO AN RFA

845
00:38:55,754 --> 00:38:57,556
PUT OUT UNDER ALZHEIMER'S 

846
00:38:57,556 --> 00:38:59,324
RELATED DIM OWN THAT WHICH IS 

847
00:38:59,324 --> 00:39:01,727
LOOKING AT ANY KIND OF 

848
00:39:01,727 --> 00:39:03,162
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON 

849
00:39:03,162 --> 00:39:06,799
DEVELOPING NEURODEGENERATION 

850
00:39:06,799 --> 00:39:12,404
WOULD FIT INTO BUT ALSO ANY 

851
00:39:12,404 --> 00:39:15,007
GRANT THAT COMES IN HAS AN 

852
00:39:15,007 --> 00:39:16,041
ALGORITHM THAT LOOKS AT THE 

853
00:39:16,041 --> 00:39:20,145
SPECIFIC AIMS AND ABSTRACT AND 

854
00:39:20,145 --> 00:39:24,149
CODES THEM AS ALZHEIMER RELATE 

855
00:39:24,149 --> 00:39:29,722
ED  -- RELATED DEMENTIA AND GO 

856
00:39:29,722 --> 00:39:32,157
TO THE FUNDING WE HAVE AND WE 

857
00:39:32,157 --> 00:39:33,158
MAINTAIN THE SAME PAY LINE AS 

858
00:39:33,158 --> 00:39:34,960
THE AGING INSTITUTE.

859
00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:36,161
PEOPLE CAN COME IN WITH 

860
00:39:36,161 --> 00:39:37,629
ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH OR OTHER 

861
00:39:37,629 --> 00:39:42,000
DEMENTIA RESEARCH, BOTH 

862
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:46,038
INSTITUTES OR THE EFFECTS ON 

863
00:39:46,038 --> 00:39:50,342
MAYBE SLEEP DISTURBANCES ON 

864
00:39:50,342 --> 00:39:51,009
NEURODEGENERATION FOR INSTITUTE 

865
00:39:51,009 --> 00:39:58,417
TO GET THE SAME PAY LINE.

866
00:39:58,417 --> 00:40:02,221
THE LAST THING IS THE SENATE IN 

867
00:40:02,221 --> 00:40:09,394
THE 2025 MARK BUT $25 MILLION 

868
00:40:09,394 --> 00:40:13,098
FOR ALS RESEARCH SEPARATE FROM 

869
00:40:13,098 --> 00:40:14,066
ADDITIONAL MONIES WHICH GO TO 

870
00:40:14,066 --> 00:40:15,234
THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR AND 

871
00:40:15,234 --> 00:40:19,505
COMES TO US FOR THE ACT FOR ALS 

872
00:40:19,505 --> 00:40:24,576
AND THAT'S $75 MILLION 

873
00:40:24,576 --> 00:40:31,750
SUPPORTING A PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

874
00:40:31,750 --> 00:40:33,018
PARTNERSHIP WITH MULTIPLE 

875
00:40:33,018 --> 00:40:38,157
COMPANIES AND NON-PROFS 

876
00:40:38,157 --> 00:40:40,759
ORGANIZAT

877
00:40:40,759 --> 00:40:43,896
ORGANIZATIONS TO HOOK FOR 

878
00:40:43,896 --> 00:40:45,964
TARGETS IN BIOMARKERS TO DEVELOP

879
00:40:45,964 --> 00:40:47,966
TREATMENT FOR ALS AND WE'RE ABLE

880
00:40:47,966 --> 00:40:50,335
TO FUND A CONSORTIUM AROUND THE 

881
00:40:50,335 --> 00:40:53,238
COUNTRY TO COLLECT CLINICAL DATA

882
00:40:53,238 --> 00:40:54,173
AND SAMPLES WITH FOLKS FROM ALS 

883
00:40:54,173 --> 00:40:58,443
AS PART OF THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

884
00:40:58,443 --> 00:41:00,145
PARTNERSHIP.

885
00:41:00,145 --> 00:41:04,149
I MENTIONED WE MANAGE ABOUT $309

886
00:41:04,149 --> 00:41:08,954
MILLION IN TOTAL FOR ADRD 

887
00:41:08,954 --> 00:41:09,188
FUNDING.

888
00:41:09,188 --> 00:41:11,590
THAT PUTS OUR.

889
00:41:11,590 --> 00:41:14,960
WE MANAGE PRETTY MUCH $3 BILLION

890
00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:17,830
A YEAR OF FUNDING.

891
00:41:17,830 --> 00:41:22,067
I GUESS WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE

892
00:41:22,067 --> 00:41:22,868
NEXT SLIDE YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER 

893
00:41:22,868 --> 00:41:33,278
IT'S $3 BILLION A YEAR.

894
00:41:36,915 --> 00:41:38,250
THIS IS IN PREPARATION FOR THE 

895
00:41:38,250 --> 00:41:42,554
NEXT SLIDE WE TALK ABOUT THE PAY

896
00:41:42,554 --> 00:41:44,156
LINE.

897
00:41:44,156 --> 00:41:45,757
SO GIVEN THE BUDGETARY 

898
00:41:45,757 --> 00:41:47,492
CONDITIONS WE'VE HAD IN '24 AND 

899
00:41:47,492 --> 00:41:48,827
NOW LOOKING TO '25.

900
00:41:48,827 --> 00:41:50,629
WHAT WE'D LIKE TO DO AS BEST WE 

901
00:41:50,629 --> 00:41:53,398
CAN IS PROTECT THE PAY LINE.

902
00:41:53,398 --> 00:41:56,168
AND I MUST SAY WE HAVEN'T BEEN 

903
00:41:56,168 --> 00:41:57,603
ABLE TO DO THAT VERY WELL.

904
00:41:57,603 --> 00:41:59,238
THERE'S NO OTHER OPTION BECAUSE 

905
00:41:59,238 --> 00:42:05,244
WE HAVE A NUMBER OF GRANTS THAT 

906
00:42:05,244 --> 00:42:06,445
RUN OUT OF MONEY AND THE COST OF

907
00:42:06,445 --> 00:42:10,382
THE GRANTS WENT UP SO WE'RE DOWN

908
00:42:10,382 --> 00:42:11,583
TO CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE 

909
00:42:11,583 --> 00:42:16,955
STARTING OUT THE YEAR WITHOUT A 

910
00:42:16,955 --> 00:42:18,757
BUDGET AT EIGHT PERCENTILE 

911
00:42:18,757 --> 00:42:20,726
SOMETHING I NEVER WANTED TO GET 

912
00:42:20,726 --> 00:42:22,461
CLOSE TO.

913
00:42:22,461 --> 00:42:24,563
HOPEFULLY WHEN WE GET THE FY25 

914
00:42:24,563 --> 00:42:26,999
BUDGET WE GET A SENSE OF HOW 

915
00:42:26,999 --> 00:42:28,467
MANY GRANTS ARE COMING IN AND 

916
00:42:28,467 --> 00:42:29,701
HOW MUCH THEY COST AND BE ABLE 

917
00:42:29,701 --> 00:42:31,737
TO MOVE THE PAY LINE UP.

918
00:42:31,737 --> 00:42:34,473
NOT SURE HOW FAR WE'LL BE ABLE 

919
00:42:34,473 --> 00:42:40,779
TO GET.

920
00:42:40,779 --> 00:42:43,081
>> I JUST WANTED TO ASK
WHETHER 

921
00:42:43,081 --> 00:42:46,718
THE TRAINING OR PROFESSIONAL 

922
00:42:46,718 --> 00:42:47,853
DEVELOPMENT COMES FROM THE NINDS

923
00:42:47,853 --> 00:42:51,189
BASE AND IS THAT PROTECTED?

924
00:42:51,189 --> 00:42:54,993
WHEN THAT GOES UP AND DOWN IS IT

925
00:42:54,993 --> 00:42:55,260
PROTECTED?

926
00:42:55,260 --> 00:42:57,930
>> GOOD POINT.

927
00:42:57,930 --> 00:42:58,764
WE'RE THINKING THAT THROUGH.

928
00:42:58,764 --> 00:43:01,099
WE HAVE A SLIDE ON THAT.

929
00:43:01,099 --> 00:43:06,071
DISCUSSION WITH THE COUNCIL IN 

930
00:43:06,071 --> 00:43:07,139
THE PAST ARE PHILOSOPHY IS IN 

931
00:43:07,139 --> 00:43:09,741
ROUGH TIMES WE LIKE TO FUND AS 

932
00:43:09,741 --> 00:43:12,144
MANY INVESTIGATORS AS POSSIBLE 

933
00:43:12,144 --> 00:43:13,478
PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE 

934
00:43:13,478 --> 00:43:14,446
INVESTIGATORS WHO USE BRIDGE 

935
00:43:14,446 --> 00:43:16,481
AWARDS TO FUND PEOPLE WHO HAVE A

936
00:43:16,481 --> 00:43:19,484
GOOD SCORE, THEY JUST MISSED AND

937
00:43:19,484 --> 00:43:21,820
THEY DON'T HAVE ANY OTHER 

938
00:43:21,820 --> 00:43:22,154
GRANTS.

939
00:43:22,154 --> 00:43:26,491
WE DID QUITE A BIT OF THAT THIS 

940
00:43:26,491 --> 00:43:30,729
YEAR AND WOULD BE ABLE TO HOLD 

941
00:43:30,729 --> 00:43:32,164
MONEY FOR NEXT YEAR.

942
00:43:32,164 --> 00:43:34,266
THAT'S ONE OF OUR BUFFER FUNDS.

943
00:43:34,266 --> 00:43:37,736
WE HAVE TO HOLD OFF UNTIL WE 

944
00:43:37,736 --> 00:43:38,937
KNOW EXACTLY WHERE WE'LL MAKE 

945
00:43:38,937 --> 00:43:42,240
OUR BUDGET AT THE END OF THE 

946
00:43:42,240 --> 00:43:46,244
YEAR AND THEN WHEN WE HAVE A 

947
00:43:46,244 --> 00:43:48,113
BETTER EXACT SENSE WE CAN START 

948
00:43:48,113 --> 00:43:49,414
RELEASING THOSE KINDS OF AWARDS.

949
00:43:49,414 --> 00:43:52,951
WE LIKE TO GET TO THE END OF THE

950
00:43:52,951 --> 00:43:55,620
BUDGET AND RETURN ABOUT 10 CENTS

951
00:43:55,620 --> 00:43:59,458
TO THE TREASURY ON $3 BILLION.

952
00:43:59,458 --> 00:44:02,928
WE GET UNDER 10 CENT S.

953
00:44:02,928 --> 00:44:04,129
WE HAVE GOOD PEOPLE WORKING ON 

954
00:44:04,129 --> 00:44:06,765
IT AND GET CLOSE.

955
00:44:06,765 --> 00:44:08,667
THE OTHER WHICH IS WHAT GINA 

956
00:44:08,667 --> 00:44:12,170
JUST BROUGHT UP IS WE WANT TO 

957
00:44:12,170 --> 00:44:15,474
UPHOLD A COMMITMENT OF FUTURE 

958
00:44:15,474 --> 00:44:20,112
HEALTH IN NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH.

959
00:44:20,112 --> 00:44:29,621
WE CAN'T MORTGAGE OUR FUTURE AND

960
00:44:29,621 --> 00:44:33,258
WE ARE TRYING TO REALLY PROTECT 

961
00:44:33,258 --> 00:44:34,593
AS BEST WE CAN THE TRAINING 

962
00:44:34,593 --> 00:44:39,498
PROGRAMS AND THE CAREER 

963
00:44:39,498 --> 00:44:40,999
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

964
00:44:40,999 --> 00:44:46,438
AND SO AGAIN WE ALSO REALIZE 

965
00:44:46,438 --> 00:44:48,974
THAT NINDS BECAUSE IT'S 100% 

966
00:44:48,974 --> 00:44:49,307
NEUROSCIENCE.

967
00:44:49,307 --> 00:44:50,942
THE ONLY INSTITUTE THAT'S 100% 

968
00:44:50,942 --> 00:44:52,344
NEUROSCIENCE WE HAVE THIS 

969
00:44:52,344 --> 00:44:54,446
RESPONSIBILITY TO REALLY LEAD IN

970
00:44:54,446 --> 00:44:56,314
NEUROSCIENCE HERE PARTICULARLY 

971
00:44:56,314 --> 00:44:57,315
IN THE AREA OF FUNDAMENTAL 

972
00:44:57,315 --> 00:45:04,990
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH.

973
00:45:04,990 --> 00:45:06,324
EVERYTHING BUILDS OFF THAT AND 

974
00:45:06,324 --> 00:45:08,160
WE WANT TO CONTINUE TO SUPPORT 

975
00:45:08,160 --> 00:45:14,099
THOSE COMMITMENTS.

976
00:45:14,099 --> 00:45:18,336
WE HAVE IN THE RECENT PAST 

977
00:45:18,336 --> 00:45:20,705
WORKED AND RICHARD BENZ WILL 

978
00:45:20,705 --> 00:45:22,607
TALK MORE TO DEVELOP PROGRAMS 

979
00:45:22,607 --> 00:45:26,244
THAT CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN 

980
00:45:26,244 --> 00:45:27,779
PEOPLE SUFFERING WITH NEUROLOGIC

981
00:45:27,779 --> 00:45:29,648
DISEASE AND NOT GETTING THE CARE

982
00:45:29,648 --> 00:45:31,249
THEY SHOULD BE GETTING BECAUSE 

983
00:45:31,249 --> 00:45:34,619
OF WHERE THEY LIVE OR WHO THEY 

984
00:45:34,619 --> 00:45:36,054
ARE.

985
00:45:36,054 --> 00:45:39,157
THIS RESEARCH IN LIMITING HEALTH

986
00:45:39,157 --> 00:45:42,094
DISPARITIES WE NEED TO PROTECT 

987
00:45:42,094 --> 00:45:43,795
MOVING FORWARD.

988
00:45:43,795 --> 00:45:45,630
WE LOOK TO OUR PORTFOLIO AND 

989
00:45:45,630 --> 00:45:46,398
DIDN'T FIND THINGS THAT SAYS 

990
00:45:46,398 --> 00:45:49,334
THIS IS NOT WORTH DOING AND TAKE

991
00:45:49,334 --> 00:45:51,069
THE WHOLE CHURCHING OUT.

992
00:45:51,069 --> 00:45:52,137
EVERYTHING IS REDUCED.

993
00:45:52,137 --> 00:46:00,879
EVERYTHING GOT A HAIRCUT.

994
00:46:00,879 --> 00:46:03,215
THIS IS WHAT THE PAY LINE LOOKS 

995
00:46:03,215 --> 00:46:08,053
LIKE FOR RO1s.

996
00:46:08,053 --> 00:46:15,961
IN 2024 WE WENT TO THE SPLIT PAY

997
00:46:15,961 --> 00:46:16,161
LINE.

998
00:46:16,161 --> 00:46:19,231
THE IDEA IF SOMEONE HAS AN 

999
00:46:19,231 --> 00:46:20,499
EXPENSIVE GRANT DOING GREAT 

1000
00:46:20,499 --> 00:46:23,768
SCIENCE WE'LL PAY IT AND SAME 

1001
00:46:23,768 --> 00:46:27,939
FOR THE SCR REVIEW IF THEY COME 

1002
00:46:27,939 --> 00:46:30,876
IN WITH A GRANT, IT'S REALLY 

1003
00:46:30,876 --> 00:46:33,478
GREAT, WE'LL PAY IT BUT IT'S 

1004
00:46:33,478 --> 00:46:35,747
REALLY GOT TO GET THAT HALF THE 

1005
00:46:35,747 --> 00:46:37,716
REGULAR PAY LINE OR BETTER.

1006
00:46:37,716 --> 00:46:40,152
WE HAVE THAT SPLIT PAY LINE.

1007
00:46:40,152 --> 00:46:43,955
IN '23 WE HAD A 14 PERCENTILE 

1008
00:46:43,955 --> 00:46:45,257
FOR EVERYBODY AND IN '24 DROPPED

1009
00:46:45,257 --> 00:46:47,993
TO 11 PERCENTILE.

1010
00:46:47,993 --> 00:46:53,265
THE LESS THAN 500K DIRECT COST 

1011
00:46:53,265 --> 00:46:55,033
GRANTS HALF WAS 5% OR GREATER 

1012
00:46:55,033 --> 00:46:57,802
FOR GREATER THAN 500K DIRECT 

1013
00:46:57,802 --> 00:47:00,405
COST GRANTS.

1014
00:47:00,405 --> 00:47:03,642
IN 2025 THE INTERPAY LINE GOING 

1015
00:47:03,642 --> 00:47:05,076
CONSERVATIVE BECAUSE WE HAVE TO 

1016
00:47:05,076 --> 00:47:09,047
WE DROPPED TO 8% SO FOR GREATER 

1017
00:47:09,047 --> 00:47:12,717
THAN 500K, 4% AND FOR EARLY 

1018
00:47:12,717 --> 00:47:18,456
STAGE INVESTIGATORS IN '23 WAS 

1019
00:47:18,456 --> 00:47:18,723
25%.

1020
00:47:18,723 --> 00:47:21,293
IN '24 WAS 22 WHICH IS DOUBLE 

1021
00:47:21,293 --> 00:47:23,795
THE REGULAR AND IN '25 AGAIN 

1022
00:47:23,795 --> 00:47:30,035
WE'LL DOUBLE THE REGULAR TO 16 

1023
00:47:30,035 --> 00:47:30,669
PERCENTILE.

1024
00:47:30,669 --> 00:47:31,937
THE APPLICATION SUBMITTED TO 

1025
00:47:31,937 --> 00:47:33,638
COUNCIL REVIEW ARE THOSE I 

1026
00:47:33,638 --> 00:47:35,974
MENTIONED WHERE THE INVESTIGATOR

1027
00:47:35,974 --> 00:47:40,145
HAS OVER $1.5 MILLION IN TOTAL 

1028
00:47:40,145 --> 00:47:45,784
COST FROM NIH GRANTS AND NEED TO

1029
00:47:45,784 --> 00:47:49,454
GET A BETTER PERCENTILE.

1030
00:47:49,454 --> 00:47:50,889
THAT'S OUR POLICY GOING FORWARD 

1031
00:47:50,889 --> 00:47:53,458
AND WILL PUT IT ON THE WEBSITE.

1032
00:47:53,458 --> 00:47:55,660
IN TERMS OF THE NIA PAY LINE I 

1033
00:47:55,660 --> 00:47:57,929
DON'T THINK IT'S PUBLIC YET.

1034
00:47:57,929 --> 00:48:06,738
DOES ANYBODY WANT TO CORRECT ME?

1035
00:48:06,738 --> 00:48:12,444
>> WHEN WE HEAR FROM NIA
WE'LL 

1036
00:48:12,444 --> 00:48:14,579
FUT OUR DATA FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

1037
00:48:14,579 --> 00:48:16,181
RELATED DEMENTIA.

1038
00:48:16,181 --> 00:48:19,651
THIS IS THE ISSUE THAT IS THE 

1039
00:48:19,651 --> 00:48:24,689
AVERAGE COST OF AN RO1 GRANT 

1040
00:48:24,689 --> 00:48:26,858
FROM 2005 TO 2024.

1041
00:48:26,858 --> 00:48:29,928
IN THE PAST COUPLE YEARS SINCE 

1042
00:48:29,928 --> 00:48:31,129
2020 THINGS SKYROCKETED RELATED 

1043
00:48:31,129 --> 00:48:31,796
TO INFLATION.

1044
00:48:31,796 --> 00:48:34,799
IF YOU LOOK AT THE BOTTOM GRAPH 

1045
00:48:34,799 --> 00:48:38,169
WHICH IS CORRECTED FOR INFLATION

1046
00:48:38,169 --> 00:48:41,239
THERE'S NO DIFFERENCE, PRETTY 

1047
00:48:41,239 --> 00:48:41,473
FLAT.

1048
00:48:41,473 --> 00:48:43,475
IT'S NOT THE PEOPLE WILL GREEDY.

1049
00:48:43,475 --> 00:48:45,844
IT'S COSTS MORE.

1050
00:48:45,844 --> 00:48:47,178
THAT'S JUST THE ISSUE.

1051
00:48:47,178 --> 00:48:50,215
IF WE DON'T GET AN INCREASE TO 

1052
00:48:50,215 --> 00:48:51,850
MIRROR THAT, YOU DON'T HAVE THE 

1053
00:48:51,850 --> 00:48:54,653
MONEY TO FUND THE SAME NUMBER OF

1054
00:48:54,653 --> 00:48:56,154
GRANTS.

1055
00:48:56,154 --> 00:49:00,225
THAT'S THE SPOT WE'RE IN.

1056
00:49:00,225 --> 00:49:03,528
>> WALTER, I HAVE A
QUESTION 

1057
00:49:03,528 --> 00:49:04,729
BETWEEN THE AVERAGE MODULAR AND 

1058
00:49:04,729 --> 00:49:08,633
REAL COST OF THE GRANTS.

1059
00:49:08,633 --> 00:49:11,536
HAS ANYONE ANALYZED WHERE THE 

1060
00:49:11,536 --> 00:49:16,141
MODULAR DOESN'T EXIST ANYMORE?

1061
00:49:16,141 --> 00:49:20,278
I'M SURE SOMEONE HAS -- WHY'S IT

1062
00:49:20,278 --> 00:49:21,513
EXIST.

1063
00:49:21,513 --> 00:49:23,214
IT'S SO OFF THE MARK WHAT IT 

1064
00:49:23,214 --> 00:49:27,452
COSTS I DON'T KNOW WHY IT'S 

1065
00:49:27,452 --> 00:49:27,752
THERE.

1066
00:49:27,752 --> 00:49:30,055
>> THE PERCENTAGE MODULAR
IN OUR

1067
00:49:30,055 --> 00:49:35,760
INSTITUTE NOW IS QUITE LOW.

1068
00:49:35,760 --> 00:49:40,165
IT'S SELF-SELECTED OUT.

1069
00:49:40,165 --> 00:49:42,367
>> I THINK THE LAST
NUMBERS WE 

1070
00:49:42,367 --> 00:49:46,838
HAD IN 2020 IS 80% MODULAR IS 

1071
00:49:46,838 --> 00:49:57,048
AROUND 10%.

1072
00:50:08,560 --> 00:50:08,960
OKAY.

1073
00:50:08,960 --> 00:50:10,795
THE OTHER THING WE PAINFULLY 

1074
00:50:10,795 --> 00:50:13,965
HAVE DONE IS TO INCREASE OUR 

1075
00:50:13,965 --> 00:50:15,100
ADMINISTRATIVE CUTS.

1076
00:50:15,100 --> 00:50:16,801
WE DID THAT LAST YEAR.

1077
00:50:16,801 --> 00:50:18,236
TALKED ABOUT THIS BEFORE.

1078
00:50:18,236 --> 00:50:21,506
IN THE TIME OF THE DOUBLING 

1079
00:50:21,506 --> 00:50:24,509
PEOPLE WERE PUTTING IN REAL 

1080
00:50:24,509 --> 00:50:26,478
EXPENSIVE GRANTS AND NIH STARTED

1081
00:50:26,478 --> 00:50:29,047
TO PUT IN ADMIN CUTS TO REDUCE 

1082
00:50:29,047 --> 00:50:30,782
THE COST OF THE GRANTS AND THAT 

1083
00:50:30,782 --> 00:50:32,751
WAS IN A GOOD TIME.

1084
00:50:32,751 --> 00:50:36,554
ANYWAY, NINDS GOT TO 17.5% IN 

1085
00:50:36,554 --> 00:50:38,923
THE RO1 MODULAR BACK IN THOSE 

1086
00:50:38,923 --> 00:50:40,592
DAYS AND WERE NEVER ABLE TO GET 

1087
00:50:40,592 --> 00:50:46,765
RID OF IT AND ADDED 3% ON LAST 

1088
00:50:46,765 --> 00:50:49,033
YEAR BECAUSE OF THE CRISIS MODE 

1089
00:50:49,033 --> 00:50:58,476
AND THEY WERE KWAPD SO -- CAPPED

1090
00:50:58,476 --> 00:51:08,953
YOU WILL END UP AROUND 400.

1091
00:51:13,057 --> 00:51:15,994
THIS IS THE DATA ON THE 

1092
00:51:15,994 --> 00:51:16,294
FELLOWSHIPS.

1093
00:51:16,294 --> 00:51:18,596
THE F GRANTS DROPPED BY NUMBER 

1094
00:51:18,596 --> 00:51:19,364
OF FIVE.

1095
00:51:19,364 --> 00:51:20,165
A VERY SMALL PERCENT.

1096
00:51:20,165 --> 00:51:22,867
THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARDS, 

1097
00:51:22,867 --> 00:51:29,507
THE Ks DROPPED BY 11.

1098
00:51:29,507 --> 00:51:35,447
AGAIN, A SMALL PERCENT AND THE 

1099
00:51:35,447 --> 00:51:38,917
T32s DROPPED TO BY TWO AT 79.

1100
00:51:38,917 --> 00:51:42,353
EVERYTHING TOOK A LITTLE BIT OF 

1101
00:51:42,353 --> 00:51:43,555
A HAIRCUT BUT IT'S MORE 

1102
00:51:43,555 --> 00:51:54,065
PRESERVED THAN ANY OTHER PART.

1103
00:51:57,635 --> 00:51:57,769
OKAY.

1104
00:51:57,769 --> 00:51:59,404
THAT'S THE NEWS.

1105
00:51:59,404 --> 00:52:05,877
SOMETHING TO BRIGHTEN OUR 

1106
00:52:05,877 --> 00:52:07,545
COUNCIL TO SHOW THE REPORT OUT 

1107
00:52:07,545 --> 00:52:08,713
OF THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF 

1108
00:52:08,713 --> 00:52:13,218
MEDICINE NOT JUST THE ONE THING 

1109
00:52:13,218 --> 00:52:18,256
BUT THE BRAIN INITIATIVE HAS 

1110
00:52:18,256 --> 00:52:22,260
JUST ABOUT ALL THESE TOOLS WE 

1111
00:52:22,260 --> 00:52:24,128
RECORD FROM THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

1112
00:52:24,128 --> 00:52:27,565
THAT CAN MODULATE THE NERVOUS 

1113
00:52:27,565 --> 00:52:31,269
SYSTEM AND WORKING HARD TO MAP 

1114
00:52:31,269 --> 00:52:33,705
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

1115
00:52:33,705 --> 00:52:35,573
THESE ARE GOING TO BE POWERFUL 

1116
00:52:35,573 --> 00:52:38,977
IN TERMS OF TREAT BEING 

1117
00:52:38,977 --> 00:52:39,244
DISEASES.

1118
00:52:39,244 --> 00:52:42,247
NOW, THIS PAPER KIND OF 

1119
00:52:42,247 --> 00:52:45,116
ILLUSTRATES THE ISSUE OF WHEN I 

1120
00:52:45,116 --> 00:52:46,584
STARTED IN TRAINING PEOPLE WOULD

1121
00:52:46,584 --> 00:52:50,522
STICK AN ELECTRODE IN ONE NEURON

1122
00:52:50,522 --> 00:52:54,292
IN A MONKEY AND SHOW A VISUAL 

1123
00:52:54,292 --> 00:52:57,128
TASK AND RECORD AND PUT ANOTHER 

1124
00:52:57,128 --> 00:53:02,367
ONE IN AND NEURON BY NEURON NOW 

1125
00:53:02,367 --> 00:53:04,202
PEOPLE CAN RECORD FROM 

1126
00:53:04,202 --> 00:53:06,704
MILLINEURONS WITH OPTICAL 

1127
00:53:06,704 --> 00:53:07,005
TECHNIQUES.

1128
00:53:07,005 --> 00:53:12,143
THIS IN HUMANS IS RECORDING FROM

1129
00:53:12,143 --> 00:53:14,078
254 NEURONS IN ALS.

1130
00:53:14,078 --> 00:53:16,481
A COMPLETELY PARALYZED PERSON 

1131
00:53:16,481 --> 00:53:21,085
BUT THEY'RE ABILITY TO ENGAGE 

1132
00:53:21,085 --> 00:53:23,855
THEIR BROKERS AREA TO SPEAK IS 

1133
00:53:23,855 --> 00:53:24,155
PRESERVED.

1134
00:53:24,155 --> 00:53:27,692
AND WHAT THEY DO IS PUT THESE --

1135
00:53:27,692 --> 00:53:31,763
THEY PUT FOUR OF THESE 

1136
00:53:31,763 --> 00:53:33,765
ELECTRODES ARRAYS INTO THE LEFT 

1137
00:53:33,765 --> 00:53:36,167
SIDE OF THIS PERSON'S BRAIN IN 

1138
00:53:36,167 --> 00:53:40,972
THE REGIONS YOU SEE ON THE BRAIN

1139
00:53:40,972 --> 00:53:43,841
PICTURED BELOW THE MOTOR BROKERS

1140
00:53:43,841 --> 00:53:45,343
AREA AND SEE IN THE LITTLE BOX 

1141
00:53:45,343 --> 00:53:55,820
PLOE THE ELECTRODES IS THE 

1142
00:53:56,354 --> 00:53:59,958
FIRING AND THE PROBLEM IS NOT 

1143
00:53:59,958 --> 00:54:04,729
BEING ABLE TO RECORD BUT WHAT'S 

1144
00:54:04,729 --> 00:54:06,197
IT MEAN.

1145
00:54:06,197 --> 00:54:11,469
YOU KNOW FROM WHAT TO THE 

1146
00:54:11,469 --> 00:54:16,774
PERSON'S TRYING TO DO THERE'S A 

1147
00:54:16,774 --> 00:54:27,318
CODE IN THERE AND THEY'RE TRYING

1148
00:54:28,786 --> 00:54:37,629
TO IDENTIFY PHONEMES FOR FIRING 

1149
00:54:37,629 --> 00:54:40,131
PATTERNS AND INTO A LARGE 

1150
00:54:40,131 --> 00:54:50,575
LANGUAGE NETWORK AND TAKE 

1151
00:54:56,247 --> 00:55:00,385
PHONEMES AND IDENTIFY THE NEXT 

1152
00:55:00,385 --> 00:55:02,353
WORD LIKE CLASS GPT DOES AND 

1153
00:55:02,353 --> 00:55:09,027
MAKES A HUGE ABILITY FOR THIS 

1154
00:55:09,027 --> 00:55:12,196
PERSON TO COMMUNICATE ALMOST AT 

1155
00:55:12,196 --> 00:55:15,333
IN A CONVERSATIONAL MANNER.

1156
00:55:15,333 --> 00:55:17,068
CAN YOU GUYS GET THE VIDEO TO 

1157
00:55:17,068 --> 00:55:26,811
GO?

1158
00:55:26,811 --> 00:55:32,917
THIS IS BRAIN GATE, U.C. DAVIS.

1159
00:55:32,917 --> 00:55:36,187
YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN HE'S 

1160
00:55:36,187 --> 00:55:37,789
THINKING WHAT HE WANTS TO SAY 

1161
00:55:37,789 --> 00:55:41,659
AND IT'S SHOWING UP IS ON THE 

1162
00:55:41,659 --> 00:55:42,994
SCREEN.

1163
00:55:42,994 --> 00:55:52,437
HE PUSHES A GREEN BUTTON.

1164
00:55:52,437 --> 00:55:55,773
CAN YOU TURN UP THE VOLUME, 

1165
00:55:55,773 --> 00:55:56,007
ANYBODY?

1166
00:55:56,007 --> 00:55:57,675
THAT IS HIS VOICE RECORDED 

1167
00:55:57,675 --> 00:56:08,219
BEFORE HE LOST ABILITY TO SPEAK.

1168
00:56:28,206 --> 00:56:31,776
HE WAS ABLE TO USE THE ENTIRE 

1169
00:56:31,776 --> 00:56:33,711
ENGLISH VOCABULARY WITHIN A 

1170
00:56:33,711 --> 00:56:34,846
COUPLE DAYS.

1171
00:56:34,846 --> 00:56:36,114
>> WAS THIS ADVANCE MADE
THROUGH

1172
00:56:36,114 --> 00:56:46,390
BRAIN INITIATIVE FUNDS?

1173
00:56:46,390 --> 00:56:54,665
>> I THINK THE GRANT IS
FROM 

1174
00:56:54,665 --> 00:56:54,999
NIBCB.

1175
00:56:54,999 --> 00:56:59,337
 I THINK IT REQUIRES A STANDING 

1176
00:56:59,337 --> 00:57:09,480
OVATION.

1177
00:57:30,101 --> 00:57:33,504
>> THIS IS FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE 

1178
00:57:33,504 --> 00:57:38,042
OF PEOPLE WHO  MAYBE AREN'T AS 

1179
00:57:38,042 --> 00:57:40,144
LUCKY BUT THIS IS THE SAME 

1180
00:57:40,144 --> 00:57:50,321
TREATMENT.

1181
00:58:44,208 --> 00:58:48,646
>> I HOPE WE'RE CLOSE TO
THE 

1182
00:58:48,646 --> 00:58:49,981
TIME WHERE EVERYBODY HAS THE 

1183
00:58:49,981 --> 00:58:50,882
OPTION I DO.

1184
00:58:50,882 --> 00:58:58,990
>> PRETTY AMAZING STUFF.

1185
00:58:58,990 --> 00:59:00,958
>> HE'S ABLE TO WORK NOW.

1186
00:59:00,958 --> 00:59:04,161
HE WAS COMPLETELY PARALYZED.

1187
00:59:04,161 --> 00:59:12,336
THIS IS CRITICAL.

1188
00:59:12,336 --> 00:59:19,677
THE NEUROSCIENCE 50 YEARS AGO TO

1189
00:59:19,677 --> 00:59:23,047
NOW IT'S UNBELIEVABLE TO THINK 

1190
00:59:23,047 --> 00:59:24,248
WHAT THINGS WILL LOOK LIKE 50 

1191
00:59:24,248 --> 00:59:24,982
YEARS FROM NOW.

1192
00:59:24,982 --> 00:59:27,285
THIS IS JUST BEING ANNOUNCED 

1193
00:59:27,285 --> 00:59:30,388
LIKE TODAY, I THINK IT IS.

1194
00:59:30,388 --> 00:59:32,323
IT'S A PROJECT WE'RE WORKING 

1195
00:59:32,323 --> 00:59:33,624
WITH THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE 

1196
00:59:33,624 --> 00:59:35,793
WHO IS LEADING THIS.

1197
00:59:35,793 --> 00:59:38,663
TRYING TO DEVELOP WHAT'S CALLED 

1198
00:59:38,663 --> 00:59:41,299
AN S INDEX OR DATA SHARING 

1199
00:59:41,299 --> 00:59:42,199
INDEX.

1200
00:59:42,199 --> 00:59:45,703
AS YOU KNOW, NIH MADE DATA 

1201
00:59:45,703 --> 00:59:46,904
SHARING MANDATORY FOR ALL THE 

1202
00:59:46,904 --> 00:59:47,204
GRANTS.

1203
00:59:47,204 --> 00:59:52,143
AND THIS IDEA IS TO REWARD 

1204
00:59:52,143 --> 00:59:56,414
PEOPLE WHEN THE DATA THEY SHARE 

1205
00:59:56,414 --> 00:59:58,983
SHOWS VALUE TO THE SCIENTIFIC 

1206
00:59:58,983 --> 00:59:59,250
COMMUNITY.

1207
00:59:59,250 --> 01:00:00,952
THE CHALLENGE IS FOR FOLKS TO 

1208
01:00:00,952 --> 01:00:03,788
WORK OUT A WAY IN WHICH THAT 

1209
01:00:03,788 --> 01:00:06,791
COULD BE DONE FAIRLY AND THAT'S 

1210
01:00:06,791 --> 01:00:10,861
EVALUATING THE VALUE OF WHAT HAS

1211
01:00:10,861 --> 01:00:12,830
BEEN POSTED FOR THE SCIENCE 

1212
01:00:12,830 --> 01:00:14,532
COMMUNITY IN THE SHARING AND 

1213
01:00:14,532 --> 01:00:19,337
THERE'LL BE A PHASE I WHERE 

1214
01:00:19,337 --> 01:00:21,038
PEOPLE SUBMIT IDEAS AND PICK 

1215
01:00:21,038 --> 01:00:23,774
SOME FINALISTS AND THEY GET SOME

1216
01:00:23,774 --> 01:00:27,712
MONEY AND THEN GET TO COMPETE 

1217
01:00:27,712 --> 01:00:29,246
FOR THE PHASE II WHICH IS WHERE 

1218
01:00:29,246 --> 01:00:34,251
THE $1 MILLION AT THE END AND WE

1219
01:00:34,251 --> 01:00:35,653
HAVE AN H INDEX FOR PEOPLE 

1220
01:00:35,653 --> 01:00:38,422
LOOKING AT PUBLICATIONS.

1221
01:00:38,422 --> 01:00:41,359
THIS WOULD BE FOR LOOKING AT 

1222
01:00:41,359 --> 01:00:44,161
DATA WHICH SOME DAY WILL 

1223
01:00:44,161 --> 01:00:46,664
SUPPLANT THE H INDEX.

1224
01:00:46,664 --> 01:00:48,532
THE REAL VALUE OF THE SCIENCE IS

1225
01:00:48,532 --> 01:00:51,602
IN THE DATA.

1226
01:00:51,602 --> 01:00:53,637
SOMEONE TOLD ME ONCE THE DATA IS

1227
01:00:53,637 --> 01:00:56,207
THE CORE AND EVERYTHING ELSE IS 

1228
01:00:56,207 --> 01:01:00,544
AN ADVERTISEMENT.

1229
01:01:00,544 --> 01:01:02,613
WE'LL LEAR LATER FROM AMBER AND 

1230
01:01:02,613 --> 01:01:07,385
FRANK FROM THE ADRD RESEARCH 

1231
01:01:07,385 --> 01:01:07,818
GOING ON.

1232
01:01:07,818 --> 01:01:11,355
WE'RE GUIDED IN THIS RESEARCH BY

1233
01:01:11,355 --> 01:01:13,424
A SUMMIT WE HOLD EVERY THREE 

1234
01:01:13,424 --> 01:01:14,692
YEARS.

1235
01:01:14,692 --> 01:01:23,367
THE NEXT ONE WILL BE IN 2025.

1236
01:01:23,367 --> 01:01:33,411
AND THERE'S A WORKING GROUP OF 

1237
01:01:33,411 --> 01:01:35,379
COUNCIL ON THE EXPOSOME AND 

1238
01:01:35,379 --> 01:01:40,151
DEVELOPED PRIORITIES FOR NINDS 

1239
01:01:40,151 --> 01:01:44,155
AND TO CUT TO THE QUICK WHEN YOU

1240
01:01:44,155 --> 01:01:46,190
STUDY DISEASE AND LOOK AT 

1241
01:01:46,190 --> 01:01:47,291
GENETIC DRIVERS, WE'VE BEEN 

1242
01:01:47,291 --> 01:01:49,326
SUCCESSFUL AT UNDERSTANDING THEM

1243
01:01:49,326 --> 01:01:52,196
BUT WE'RE GENERALLY FINDING 

1244
01:01:52,196 --> 01:01:54,932
WE'RE HITTING THE CEILING AND WE

1245
01:01:54,932 --> 01:01:57,501
MIGHT EXPLAIN 17% OR 20%.

1246
01:01:57,501 --> 01:02:01,572
THAT MEANS 80% IS COMPLETELY IN 

1247
01:02:01,572 --> 01:02:03,107
THE DARK AND WE BLAME IT ON THE 

1248
01:02:03,107 --> 01:02:06,110
ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS EVERYTHING 

1249
01:02:06,110 --> 01:02:08,412
ELSE NOT GENETIC SO IT'S A BIG 

1250
01:02:08,412 --> 01:02:08,679
SPACE.

1251
01:02:08,679 --> 01:02:10,414
THERE'S IMPORTANT THINGS OUT 

1252
01:02:10,414 --> 01:02:11,816
THERE AND THE QUESTION IS DO WE 

1253
01:02:11,816 --> 01:02:14,018
HAVE THE TOOLS TO BE ABLE TO 

1254
01:02:14,018 --> 01:02:15,786
NAIL SOME OF THESE DOWN BECAUSE 

1255
01:02:15,786 --> 01:02:19,123
IF YOU CAN YOU CAN POTENTIALLY 

1256
01:02:19,123 --> 01:02:20,858
PREVENT THINGS AND MODIFY RISKS.

1257
01:02:20,858 --> 01:02:23,394
THAT WOULD BE FANTASTIC.

1258
01:02:23,394 --> 01:02:24,995
THIS GROUP YOU SEE HERE HAS BEEN

1259
01:02:24,995 --> 01:02:26,730
WORKING OVER THE LAST YEAR AND 

1260
01:02:26,730 --> 01:02:37,241
LOOK FORWARD TO THEIR REPORT.

1261
01:02:40,211 --> 01:02:44,148
THE HEAL INITIATIVE MOVED FROM 

1262
01:02:44,148 --> 01:02:48,119
THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR NOW 

1263
01:02:48,119 --> 01:02:50,554
RUN BY NIDA AND NINDS AND THEY 

1264
01:02:50,554 --> 01:02:56,160
RUN THE PAIN SPACE WITH 14 OTHER

1265
01:02:56,160 --> 01:02:58,462
DIRECTORS AND WELL RESOURCED 

1266
01:02:58,462 --> 01:02:59,563
OVER $3 BILLION GOING TO THE 

1267
01:02:59,563 --> 01:03:02,967
HEAL SINCE IT'S BEGUN.

1268
01:03:02,967 --> 01:03:05,469
THERE'S BEEN 40 FDA APPROVALS 

1269
01:03:05,469 --> 01:03:08,139
FOR INVESTIGATIONAL DEVICES AND 

1270
01:03:08,139 --> 01:03:11,442
CLINICAL TRIALS ARE ONGOING AND 

1271
01:03:11,442 --> 01:03:15,479
THERE WAS NEVER A STRATEGIC 

1272
01:03:15,479 --> 01:03:15,880
PLAN.

1273
01:03:15,880 --> 01:03:21,018
IT WAS BORN WITH DR. COLLINS' 

1274
01:03:21,018 --> 01:03:21,852
INPUT FROM THE BEGINNING TO 

1275
01:03:21,852 --> 01:03:23,787
RESPOND TO A CRISIS AND NOW WE 

1276
01:03:23,787 --> 01:03:25,523
FEEL ON THE PAIN SIDE IT'S 

1277
01:03:25,523 --> 01:03:28,159
IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP A STRATEGIC

1278
01:03:28,159 --> 01:03:32,129
PLAN TO GUIDE THE HEAL 

1279
01:03:32,129 --> 01:03:34,732
INITIATIVE FORWARD.

1280
01:03:34,732 --> 01:03:43,107
WE'RE PLEASED ROB GERREAU AGREED

1281
01:03:43,107 --> 01:03:47,478
TO HELP DIRECTOR THE FUND AND 

1282
01:03:47,478 --> 01:03:49,313
HAVE AREAS WE THINK THE GROUP 

1283
01:03:49,313 --> 01:03:52,249
NEEDS TO TAKE DEEP DIVES INTO 

1284
01:03:52,249 --> 01:03:55,052
AND HAVE CHOSEN EXPERT FOLKS TO 

1285
01:03:55,052 --> 01:03:56,220
LEAD THE SUBCOMMITTEES.

1286
01:03:56,220 --> 01:04:04,128
THEY'LL BE WORKING OVER THE NEXT

1287
01:04:04,128 --> 01:04:04,461
YE

1288
01:04:04,461 --> 01:04:04,828
YEAR.

1289
01:04:04,828 --> 01:04:06,730
THERE WAS A SERIES OF RESEARCH 

1290
01:04:06,730 --> 01:04:08,265
PRIORITIES FROM THE HEADACHE 

1291
01:04:08,265 --> 01:04:10,334
RESEARCH I THOUGHT WAS 

1292
01:04:10,334 --> 01:04:12,136
COMPREHENSIVE AND POTENTIALLY 

1293
01:04:12,136 --> 01:04:16,373
RELATED GIVEN HEADACHE AND PAIN 

1294
01:04:16,373 --> 01:04:20,144
ARE PAIN DISORDERS AND ACTUALLY 

1295
01:04:20,144 --> 01:04:23,514
RIPE FOR MOVING FORWARD IN THE 

1296
01:04:23,514 --> 01:04:31,222
HEAL INITIATIVE AND MICHAEL 

1297
01:04:31,222 --> 01:04:32,890
OCHINSKY TOOK PART IN THOSE FOR 

1298
01:04:32,890 --> 01:04:39,630
THE  HEADACHE SOCIETIES.

1299
01:04:39,630 --> 01:04:43,334
YOU'VE SEEN CLINICAL TRIALS IN 

1300
01:04:43,334 --> 01:04:43,767
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.

1301
01:04:43,767 --> 01:04:46,036
WE HAVE PUT INVESTMENTS INTO 

1302
01:04:46,036 --> 01:04:47,037
GLOBAL HEALTH FOR ONE OF TWO 

1303
01:04:47,037 --> 01:04:47,504
REASONS.

1304
01:04:47,504 --> 01:04:50,407
ONE IS TO STUDY DISORDERS MORE 

1305
01:04:50,407 --> 01:04:53,944
EASILY STUDIED IN LOW AND MIDDLE

1306
01:04:53,944 --> 01:05:00,150
INCOME COUNTRIES LIKE MALARIA 

1307
01:05:00,150 --> 01:05:05,489
AND T.B., MENINGITIS.

1308
01:05:05,489 --> 01:05:06,957
PEOPLE THAT AFFECT PEOPLE IN THE

1309
01:05:06,957 --> 01:05:09,093
U.S. BUT RAMPANT IN LOW AND 

1310
01:05:09,093 --> 01:05:11,262
MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES.

1311
01:05:11,262 --> 01:05:13,731
IN RESEARCH WE'LL HAVE A BIG 

1312
01:05:13,731 --> 01:05:17,067
IMPACT IN U.S. HEALTH AND 

1313
01:05:17,067 --> 01:05:18,636
IMPROVES THE HEALTH OF THE LOCAL

1314
01:05:18,636 --> 01:05:19,436
AREA AND THE SECOND REASON 

1315
01:05:19,436 --> 01:05:20,371
SOMETIMES WE HAVE THE 

1316
01:05:20,371 --> 01:05:22,706
OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A MODEST 

1317
01:05:22,706 --> 01:05:26,043
INVESTMENT WE THINK CAN REALLY 

1318
01:05:26,043 --> 01:05:27,111
IMPROVE NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH IN 

1319
01:05:27,111 --> 01:05:33,183
DRAMATIC WAYS IN SOME OF THE LOW

1320
01:05:33,183 --> 01:05:35,519
AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES.

1321
01:05:35,519 --> 01:05:45,162
WHAT RICHARD BENSON WITH OTHERS 

1322
01:05:45,162 --> 01:05:46,897
IS HOPING TO DEVELOP STRATEGIC 

1323
01:05:46,897 --> 01:05:49,433
PLANNING AND THEY'LL LOOK FOR 

1324
01:05:49,433 --> 01:05:50,434
VOLUNTEERS FOR THE COUNCIL 

1325
01:05:50,434 --> 01:05:52,336
INTERESTED WORKING ON THE 

1326
01:05:52,336 --> 01:05:55,005
WORKING GROUP DEVELOPING A ROAD 

1327
01:05:55,005 --> 01:05:59,543
MAP FOR GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH 

1328
01:05:59,543 --> 01:06:02,212
AND THESE ARE THE KINDS OF 

1329
01:06:02,212 --> 01:06:05,215
THINGS THAT WILL TAKE A YEAR AND

1330
01:06:05,215 --> 01:06:06,250
2026 WILL TAKE A YEAR AND 

1331
01:06:06,250 --> 01:06:08,519
HOPEFULLY WE'LL HAVE FUNDING TO 

1332
01:06:08,519 --> 01:06:09,853
MOVE THINGS FORWARD WITH THE 

1333
01:06:09,853 --> 01:06:12,456
PLANS COMING OUT IN TIME.

1334
01:06:12,456 --> 01:06:13,757
IT'S GOOD TIME BEING.

1335
01:06:13,757 --> 01:06:21,832
-- TIMING.

1336
01:06:21,832 --> 01:06:27,204
IN TERMS OF HEALTH EQUITY IN THE

1337
01:06:27,204 --> 01:06:27,738
U.S.

1338
01:06:27,738 --> 01:06:29,573
THEY DID EXTENSIVE STRATEGIC 

1339
01:06:29,573 --> 01:06:34,978
PLANNING PUBLISHED AN ISSUE IN 

1340
01:06:34,978 --> 01:06:36,513
NEURO O

1341
01:06:36,513 --> 01:06:39,550
NEUROLOGY WHICH HAD GRANTS AND 

1342
01:06:39,550 --> 01:06:43,754
YOU SEE COMBAFT BUILDING FOR 

1343
01:06:43,754 --> 01:06:45,155
DOING OUR RESEARCH TO REDUCE 

1344
01:06:45,155 --> 01:06:50,661
HEALTH DISPARITIES IN 

1345
01:06:50,661 --> 01:06:51,362
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS.

1346
01:07:01,071 --> 01:07:02,272
6: 

1347
01:07:03,507 --> 01:07:05,175
THE OTHER REPORTS WAS ON THE 

1348
01:07:05,175 --> 01:07:06,643
NEUROSCIENCE WORKING GROUP AND 

1349
01:07:06,643 --> 01:07:09,313
THERE'S A WORKSHOP BEING SET UP 

1350
01:07:09,313 --> 01:07:16,320
FOR MARCH 11 TO LOOK AT SPATIAL 

1351
01:07:16,320 --> 01:07:18,422
CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULES IN

1352
01:07:18,422 --> 01:07:21,525
VIVO AND MEASURING CELLULAR 

1353
01:07:21,525 --> 01:07:23,560
ACTIVITY IN VIVO ALL HIGH POINTS

1354
01:07:23,560 --> 01:07:26,430
FROM THE WORK GROUP'S REPORT.

1355
01:07:26,430 --> 01:07:35,639
AND AGAIN, HOPING TO MOVE THINGS

1356
01:07:35,639 --> 01:07:39,276
FORW

1357
01:07:39,276 --> 01:07:40,444
FORWARD BUT MOVING FORWARD IN 

1358
01:07:40,444 --> 01:07:41,578
THE BUDGET ISSUES BEFORE WE CAN 

1359
01:07:41,578 --> 01:07:42,880
MOVE FORWARD IN THE SPACE.

1360
01:07:42,880 --> 01:07:46,683
THERE WAS A NON-PROFIT FORUM IN 

1361
01:07:46,683 --> 01:07:50,154
THE SUMMER WHICH WAS ONCE AGAIN 

1362
01:07:50,154 --> 01:07:50,721
BETTER THAN EVER.

1363
01:07:50,721 --> 01:07:56,693
EVERY YEAR I SAY THAT AND IT'S 

1364
01:07:56,693 --> 01:07:56,994
TRUE.

1365
01:07:56,994 --> 01:08:01,598
THIS WAS GREAT.

1366
01:08:01,598 --> 01:08:05,469
THEY HAD TOPIC AND ONE ON 

1367
01:08:05,469 --> 01:08:06,904
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GROUPS 

1368
01:08:06,904 --> 01:08:07,971
REPRESENTING DATA AND THEIR DATA

1369
01:08:07,971 --> 01:08:09,473
IS BEING TAKEN AND USED FOR 

1370
01:08:09,473 --> 01:08:10,808
DIFFERENT PURPOSES.

1371
01:08:10,808 --> 01:08:13,410
AND THE NON-PROFITS ARE REALLY 

1372
01:08:13,410 --> 01:08:16,046
INTERESTED IN THIS SPACE RIGHT 

1373
01:08:16,046 --> 01:08:21,685
NOW AND THEN WE GOT A GREAT KEY 

1374
01:08:21,685 --> 01:08:25,956
NOTE DISCUSSION FROM MINDY URLAB

1375
01:08:25,956 --> 01:08:31,395
WHO HAS BEEN COURAGEOUS IN 

1376
01:08:31,395 --> 01:08:36,166
MOVING FORWARD HER NONPROFIT AND

1377
01:08:36,166 --> 01:08:44,141
LAD -- HAD A GREAT STORY TO 

1378
01:08:44,141 --> 01:08:44,842
TELL.

1379
01:08:44,842 --> 01:08:48,278
THERE USED EPILEPSY AND THEN 

1380
01:08:48,278 --> 01:08:54,251
EPILEPSIES AND NOW DUE TO THE 

1381
01:08:54,251 --> 01:08:59,623
FACT SO MANY COMBRCHK 

1382
01:09:02,960 --> 01:09:04,161
 GENETIC MUTATIONS HAVE BEEN 

1383
01:09:04,161 --> 01:09:05,295
DISCOVERED AND THERE'S A HUNDRED

1384
01:09:05,295 --> 01:09:08,098
DISEASE GROUPS RELATED TO A 

1385
01:09:08,098 --> 01:09:09,766
PARTICULAR GENETIC CAUSE OF 

1386
01:09:09,766 --> 01:09:15,072
EPILEPSY AND THESE GENOMIC 

1387
01:09:15,072 --> 01:09:16,139
THERAPIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO 

1388
01:09:16,139 --> 01:09:17,007
MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND THAT'S 

1389
01:09:17,007 --> 01:09:20,143
WHAT THE MEETING WAS ABOUT.

1390
01:09:20,143 --> 01:09:22,546
IT DOVETAILS WITH WHAT WE'LL BE 

1391
01:09:22,546 --> 01:09:25,749
HEARING FROM THEODORE AND ALSO 

1392
01:09:25,749 --> 01:09:28,552
TO THE WORK BEING DONE IN THE 

1393
01:09:28,552 --> 01:09:30,854
SOMATIC CELL GENE EDITING 

1394
01:09:30,854 --> 01:09:32,055
PROGRAM AND UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE 

1395
01:09:32,055 --> 01:09:36,660
NETWORK AND OUR OWN NETWORK TO 

1396
01:09:36,660 --> 01:09:41,431
FUND GENE-BASED THERAPIES AND 

1397
01:09:41,431 --> 01:09:42,366
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS CALLED 

1398
01:09:42,366 --> 01:09:46,203
URGENT AND PART OF THE 

1399
01:09:46,203 --> 01:09:47,204
ACCELERATING MEDICINE FOLKS TO 

1400
01:09:47,204 --> 01:09:49,239
BUILD A PLATFORM USING A B VIRUS

1401
01:09:49,239 --> 01:09:53,710
THAT COULD BE MORE PLUG AND 

1402
01:09:53,710 --> 01:09:54,011
PLAY.

1403
01:09:54,011 --> 01:09:57,281
ONCE IT'S ACCEPTED BY THE FDA 

1404
01:09:57,281 --> 01:09:59,650
AND YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS IN YOU CAN

1405
01:09:59,650 --> 01:10:02,486
PUT ONE GENE THERAPY TO THE SAME

1406
01:10:02,486 --> 01:10:04,121
VECTOR AND KEEP REPEATING THAT 

1407
01:10:04,121 --> 01:10:06,790
BUT NOT STARTING FROM GROUND 

1408
01:10:06,790 --> 01:10:09,793
ZERO EVERY TIME TO TRY TO GET 

1409
01:10:09,793 --> 01:10:10,694
SCALE UP.

1410
01:10:10,694 --> 01:10:12,596
>> GOOD LUCK.

1411
01:10:12,596 --> 01:10:20,470
>> WITH THAT WE'LL HEAR
FYODOR 

1412
01:10:20,470 --> 01:10:23,407
THE DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND 

1413
01:10:23,407 --> 01:10:28,545
TRANSLATION AT THE INNOVATIVE 

1414
01:10:28,545 --> 01:10:29,513
GENOMICS INSTITUTE CALIFORNIA 

1415
01:10:29,513 --> 01:10:31,715
BERKELEY AND PUT OUT A PAPER HOW

1416
01:10:31,715 --> 01:10:35,319
TO SCALE UP THE GENETIC 

1417
01:10:35,319 --> 01:10:37,421
MEDICINES CALLED THE ROAD MAP OF

1418
01:10:37,421 --> 01:10:38,622
GENETIC MEDICINES IN NATURE AND 

1419
01:10:38,622 --> 01:10:41,358
THE TAKE HOME FOR ME AS COMPARED

1420
01:10:41,358 --> 01:10:44,127
TO DRUG DEVELOPMENT WHERE ALL 

1421
01:10:44,127 --> 01:10:51,935
THE IP IS ON THE MOLECULE AND 

1422
01:10:51,935 --> 01:10:56,907
IT'S FORTIFIED THE GENES AND 

1423
01:10:56,907 --> 01:10:59,543
MUTATIONS ARE PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE 

1424
01:10:59,543 --> 01:11:01,044
AND DEVELOPING A GENE THERAPY 

1425
01:11:01,044 --> 01:11:07,985
WITH AN ASO OR REPLACING A 

1426
01:11:07,985 --> 01:11:09,319
MISSING GENE IS OPEN FOR 

1427
01:11:09,319 --> 01:11:10,120
ACADEMICS TO DO.

1428
01:11:10,120 --> 01:11:12,189
THEY DON'T HAVE TO GO THROUGH 

1429
01:11:12,189 --> 01:11:14,391
ALL THE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND 

1430
01:11:14,391 --> 01:11:15,726
THE SCREENING THE DRUG COMPANIES

1431
01:11:15,726 --> 01:11:20,764
DO FOR SMALL MOLECULES.

1432
01:11:20,764 --> 01:11:22,799
THE QUESTION IS HOW DO YOU SCALE

1433
01:11:22,799 --> 01:11:26,536
UP AND PARTICULARLY HOW DO YOU 

1434
01:11:26,536 --> 01:11:27,638
DEAL WITH THE ISSUE OF THE 

1435
01:11:27,638 --> 01:11:31,708
PRICING OF THE AGENTS AS THEY 

1436
01:11:31,708 --> 01:11:32,709
COME OUT.

1437
01:11:32,709 --> 01:11:36,546
SOME THERAPIES NOW ARE $3 

1438
01:11:36,546 --> 01:11:37,614
MILLION A SHOT.

1439
01:11:37,614 --> 01:11:39,416
I DON'T THINK THE MANUFACTURING 

1440
01:11:39,416 --> 01:11:42,452
IS CLOSE.

1441
01:11:42,452 --> 01:11:44,154
ASOs RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE.

1442
01:11:44,154 --> 01:11:46,523
THE COMPANIES HAVE TO COVER THE 

1443
01:11:46,523 --> 01:11:49,059
COST OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT.

1444
01:11:49,059 --> 01:11:51,395
IF NIH COVERS THE COST OF 

1445
01:11:51,395 --> 01:11:53,764
DEVELOPMENT COULD WE DEVELOP 

1446
01:11:53,764 --> 01:11:56,166
THESE FOR THE ULTRA RARE 

1447
01:11:56,166 --> 01:11:58,168
DISORDERS WHERE IS NOT THAT 

1448
01:11:58,168 --> 01:11:59,770
INTERESTED AND PROVIDE THEM AT 

1449
01:11:59,770 --> 01:12:04,474
COST, FOR INSTANCE.

1450
01:12:04,474 --> 01:12:07,077
THAT'S THE THING THAT ALLOWS 

1451
01:12:07,077 --> 01:12:13,016
THINGS TO EXPAND RAPIDLY.

1452
01:12:13,016 --> 01:12:16,520
INTERESTING TO HERE WHAT FYODOR 

1453
01:12:16,520 --> 01:12:16,720
SAYS.

1454
01:12:16,720 --> 01:12:20,157
THAT'S THE END AND OUR STORY AND

1455
01:12:20,157 --> 01:12:24,494
WE'RE STICKING TO IT.

1456
01:12:24,494 --> 01:12:26,063
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
OVERVIEW 

1457
01:12:26,063 --> 01:12:27,130
AND FOR WHAT YOU DO.

1458
01:12:27,130 --> 01:12:30,133
TWO COMMENTS.

1459
01:12:30,133 --> 01:12:31,601
ONE, I APPRECIATE YOUR HOLDING 

1460
01:12:31,601 --> 01:12:34,037
THE LINE ON TRAINING GRANTS.

1461
01:12:34,037 --> 01:12:34,838
IT'S COST EFFECTIVE AND 

1462
01:12:34,838 --> 01:12:35,706
INSURANCE FOR THE FUTURE.

1463
01:12:35,706 --> 01:12:39,376
WE NEED TO MAKE SURE WE DO THAT.

1464
01:12:39,376 --> 01:12:41,278
SECOND COMING BACK TO YOUR 

1465
01:12:41,278 --> 01:12:43,313
EARLIER POINT, DR. BERTAGNOLLI 

1466
01:12:43,313 --> 01:12:44,781
IS INTERESTED IN TRIALS IN THE 

1467
01:12:44,781 --> 01:12:47,117
COMMUNITY AND IN PREVENTATIVE 

1468
01:12:47,117 --> 01:12:47,384
MEDICINE.

1469
01:12:47,384 --> 01:12:49,619
I SUPPORT THAT.

1470
01:12:49,619 --> 01:12:51,588
TAKING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 50% 

1471
01:12:51,588 --> 01:12:53,724
OF THE RISK IS MODIFIABLE RISK 

1472
01:12:53,724 --> 01:12:55,192
FACTORS PEOPLE DON'T KNOW ABOUT 

1473
01:12:55,192 --> 01:12:57,027
TO PREVENT.

1474
01:12:57,027 --> 01:12:59,196
WITH OUR LIMITED PIE AND ALL THE

1475
01:12:59,196 --> 01:13:02,699
GREAT WORK WE DO IN FUNDAMENTAL 

1476
01:13:02,699 --> 01:13:05,235
NEUROSCIENCE AND PRECLINICAL AND

1477
01:13:05,235 --> 01:13:10,674
HOW DO WE MAKE ROOM FOR 

1478
01:13:10,674 --> 01:13:21,084
ADDITIONAL WORK TO HAVE 

1479
01:13:23,987 --> 01:13:28,158
MECHANISMS TO GET IN THE SPACE 

1480
01:13:28,158 --> 01:13:30,160
OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS TO 

1481
01:13:30,160 --> 01:13:32,129
THE PUBLIC.

1482
01:13:32,129 --> 01:13:34,831
>> I THINK THE BIGGEST
PUBLIC 

1483
01:13:34,831 --> 01:13:35,866
HEALTH IMPACT WILL BE IN 

1484
01:13:35,866 --> 01:13:45,308
PREVENTION.

1485
01:13:45,308 --> 01:13:48,145
MY SENSE IS NO ONE AS A BEEN 

1486
01:13:48,145 --> 01:13:49,446
CLEVER ENOUGH TO FIGURE HOW TO 

1487
01:13:49,446 --> 01:13:59,723
DO BEHAVIOR CHANGE.

1488
01:13:59,723 --> 01:14:02,626
WE HAD A WORKSHOP ON BEHAVIORAL 

1489
01:14:02,626 --> 01:14:04,127
CHANGE AND HAD BEHAVIORAL 

1490
01:14:04,127 --> 01:14:05,462
ECONOMICS FOLKS COME AND THERE 

1491
01:14:05,462 --> 01:14:11,902
ARE WAYS IN WHICH YOU CAN MODIFY

1492
01:14:11,902 --> 01:14:16,573
BEHAVIOR BUT THE LEVERS EXIST IN

1493
01:14:16,573 --> 01:14:18,108
THE COMPANIES.

1494
01:14:18,108 --> 01:14:19,376
IF YOU'RE AN EMPLOYEE OF A 

1495
01:14:19,376 --> 01:14:24,948
COMPANY AND THE COMPANY HAS AN 

1496
01:14:24,948 --> 01:14:26,216
OPT-OUT CLAUSE.

1497
01:14:26,216 --> 01:14:28,785
EVERYBODY USES THE GYM ONCE A 

1498
01:14:28,785 --> 01:14:31,388
DAY, YOU HAVE TO OPT-OUT, THOSE 

1499
01:14:31,388 --> 01:14:36,860
KINDS OF THINGS CAN WORK BUT IT 

1500
01:14:36,860 --> 01:14:47,404
WAS HARD TO SEE HOW AND THE RISK

1501
01:15:00,150 --> 01:15:04,154
FACTORS WE WENT AFTER IN THE 

1502
01:15:04,154 --> 01:15:07,190
SPRING PROGRAM WHICH WAS BLOOD 

1503
01:15:07,190 --> 01:15:11,895
PRESSURE LOWERING LOOKING AT 

1504
01:15:11,895 --> 01:15:13,463
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT OF DEMENTIA

1505
01:15:13,463 --> 01:15:15,265
WE HAD TO CLOSE IT DOWN BECAUSE 

1506
01:15:15,265 --> 01:15:17,033
IT REDUCED MORTALITY.

1507
01:15:17,033 --> 01:15:20,136
IT WAS UNETHICAL TO GO FURTHER.

1508
01:15:20,136 --> 01:15:24,174
SO THERE WERE SO MANY REASONS 

1509
01:15:24,174 --> 01:15:29,446
WHY PEOPLE SHOULD BE AGGRESSIVE 

1510
01:15:29,446 --> 01:15:32,415
WITH THEIR BLOOD PRESSURE BUT 

1511
01:15:32,415 --> 01:15:33,717
DOING A CLINICAL TRIAL IS NOT 

1512
01:15:33,717 --> 01:15:35,085
FEASIBLE FOR THAT REASON THOUGH 

1513
01:15:35,085 --> 01:15:38,488
WE GOT A PRETTY GOOD SIGNAL 

1514
01:15:38,488 --> 01:15:43,994
THOSE FOLKS WHO HAD THE 

1515
01:15:43,994 --> 01:15:44,628
AGGRESSIVE BLOOD PRESSURE HAD 

1516
01:15:44,628 --> 01:15:45,862
LESS COGNITIVE DEMENTIA.

1517
01:15:45,862 --> 01:15:47,964
 THE ISSUE IS BEHAVIOR CHANGE.

1518
01:15:47,964 --> 01:15:49,633
>> IT BRINGS A GREAT
EXAMPLE 

1519
01:15:49,633 --> 01:15:50,867
BECAUSE I THINK MANY CLINICIANS 

1520
01:15:50,867 --> 01:15:52,168
WILL HIGHLIGHT THAT STUDY WHEN 

1521
01:15:52,168 --> 01:15:53,970
THEY TALK TO PATIENTS SAYING WE 

1522
01:15:53,970 --> 01:15:55,872
KNOW THIS MAKES A DIFFERENCE.

1523
01:15:55,872 --> 01:15:58,008
MAYBE PART OF WHAT WE'RE TALKING

1524
01:15:58,008 --> 01:16:03,613
ABOUT IS MORE STUDIES THAT SHOW 

1525
01:16:03,613 --> 01:16:05,982
PREVENTIVE APPROACHES MAKE A 

1526
01:16:05,982 --> 01:16:06,283
DIFFERENCE.

1527
01:16:06,283 --> 01:16:11,988
IT'S A GOOD EXAMPLE.

1528
01:16:11,988 --> 01:16:17,327
>> SOME OF THE CLEVER
IDEAS CAN 

1529
01:16:17,327 --> 01:16:18,628
MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE.

1530
01:16:18,628 --> 01:16:19,930
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT
OVERVIEW.

1531
01:16:19,930 --> 01:16:20,997
VERY INFORMATIVE.

1532
01:16:20,997 --> 01:16:25,168
NOT TO DRAG US BACK DOWN TO THE 

1533
01:16:25,168 --> 01:16:28,138
SOBERING ISSUES OF BUDGETS BUT A

1534
01:16:28,138 --> 01:16:29,839
QUESTION ABOUT THE APPROACH IN 

1535
01:16:29,839 --> 01:16:32,042
THINKING ABOUT THE 

1536
01:16:32,042 --> 01:16:32,709
ADMINISTRATIVE CUTS WHICH HAVE 

1537
01:16:32,709 --> 01:16:38,281
BECOME SO NECESSARY, I DO WONDER

1538
01:16:38,281 --> 01:16:42,285
IF THEY LEAD TO ANTICIPATORY 

1539
01:16:42,285 --> 01:16:43,687
INFLATION.

1540
01:16:43,687 --> 01:16:44,788
PEOPLE ARE THINKING IF THEY'LL 

1541
01:16:44,788 --> 01:16:47,190
GET FUNDED WILL GET A CUT.

1542
01:16:47,190 --> 01:16:49,626
DOES IT MAKE A SENSE OF THE 

1543
01:16:49,626 --> 01:16:54,931
MODULAR BUDGET OF FINDING A 

1544
01:16:54,931 --> 01:16:56,032
MODULAR BUDGET FORMAT WITH A 

1545
01:16:56,032 --> 01:16:57,767
THRESHOLD AND HAVING PEOPLE TO 

1546
01:16:57,767 --> 01:17:00,003
STICK OR GO FOR THAT WITH THE 

1547
01:17:00,003 --> 01:17:03,406
MOTION THEY'RE GOING TO FIND THE

1548
01:17:03,406 --> 01:17:04,140
MOST EFFICIENT COST EFFECTIVE 

1549
01:17:04,140 --> 01:17:07,143
WAY OF DOING THINGS AND IF THEY 

1550
01:17:07,143 --> 01:17:08,144
CAN MEET THAT THRESHOLD THEN 

1551
01:17:08,144 --> 01:17:09,212
THEY WON'T BE SUBJECT TO THE 

1552
01:17:09,212 --> 01:17:10,113
CUTS.

1553
01:17:10,113 --> 01:17:11,481
I WONDER IF IT BECOMES THE 

1554
01:17:11,481 --> 01:17:14,150
VICIOUS CYCLE OF THE MORE CUTS 

1555
01:17:14,150 --> 01:17:16,152
YOU'LL GET THE MORE YOU'LL SEE 

1556
01:17:16,152 --> 01:17:18,021
INFLATED BUDGETS TO COUNTER THAT

1557
01:17:18,021 --> 01:17:20,156
OR IF YOU'VE SEEN EVIDENCE OF 

1558
01:17:20,156 --> 01:17:27,797
THAT.

1559
01:17:27,797 --> 01:17:32,102
>> THE APEOPLE -- 

1560
01:17:32,102 --> 01:17:33,603
>> THE PEOPLE WHO APPLY
FOR 

1561
01:17:33,603 --> 01:17:34,237
GRANTS ARE CLEVER.

1562
01:17:34,237 --> 01:17:36,139
YOU HAD TO GET APPROVAL FOR A 

1563
01:17:36,139 --> 01:17:44,147
GRANT OVER $500,000.

1564
01:17:44,147 --> 01:17:47,517
AND I FORGET THE NUMBER, BRIAN 

1565
01:17:47,517 --> 01:17:52,989
KNOWS, BUT IT'S SOMEWHERE 50% TO

1566
01:17:52,989 --> 01:17:55,925
60% OF THE GRANTS ARE R90.

1567
01:17:55,925 --> 01:18:01,264
PEOPLE ARE COMING IN FOR THE 

1568
01:18:01,264 --> 01:18:01,998
MAX.

1569
01:18:01,998 --> 01:18:08,805
WE THOUGHT ABOUT WITH THE SPLIT 

1570
01:18:08,805 --> 01:18:11,408
PAY LINE WE THOUGHT ABOUT MAKING

1571
01:18:11,408 --> 01:18:17,147
THAT AT A LEVEL THAT WOULD BE 

1572
01:18:17,147 --> 01:18:17,814
SOMETHING THAT'S REASONABLE BUT 

1573
01:18:17,814 --> 01:18:20,150
THEN THE QUESTION IS WHAT IS 

1574
01:18:20,150 --> 01:18:21,718
THAT NUMBER.

1575
01:18:21,718 --> 01:18:25,288
SO IF YOU ASK AROUND AND THIS IS

1576
01:18:25,288 --> 01:18:29,125
ANECDOTAL TO A GRANT YOU NEED 

1577
01:18:29,125 --> 01:18:31,961
AROUND $350K.

1578
01:18:31,961 --> 01:18:34,397
THAT'S THE GUESS.

1579
01:18:34,397 --> 01:18:37,467
CLEARLY 250K FOR THE MODULAR IS 

1580
01:18:37,467 --> 01:18:41,638
TOO LOW AND 350 AND 275 WITH THE

1581
01:18:41,638 --> 01:18:44,140
20% CUT WE'RE AT 400 SO WE'RE 

1582
01:18:44,140 --> 01:18:49,112
PRETTY MUCH THERE.

1583
01:18:49,112 --> 01:18:55,685
THEN WE HAVE THE PRECEDENT OF 

1584
01:18:55,685 --> 01:18:57,720
NIA WITH A SIMILAR SPLIT SO 

1585
01:18:57,720 --> 01:18:59,189
YOU'RE RIGHT THAT'S WHAT'S 

1586
01:18:59,189 --> 01:18:59,522
LAPENING.

1587
01:18:59,522 --> 01:19:01,391
BECAUSE OF THE PAY LINE WE DO 

1588
01:19:01,391 --> 01:19:06,062
CONTROL IT NOW.

1589
01:19:06,062 --> 01:19:09,599
>> WALTER WOULD IT BE FAIR
TO 

1590
01:19:09,599 --> 01:19:12,135
SAY THE CHANGE IN THE MODULAR 

1591
01:19:12,135 --> 01:19:14,871
HAS BEEN BROUGHT UP WITH I.C. 

1592
01:19:14,871 --> 01:19:16,806
DIRECTORS AND FOR SOME REASON IT

1593
01:19:16,806 --> 01:19:19,409
JUST CAN'T GET THERE.

1594
01:19:19,409 --> 01:19:23,279
YOUR POINT IS NOT LOST.

1595
01:19:23,279 --> 01:19:27,150
>> IT'S IMPORTANT TO SAY
ARE THE

1596
01:19:27,150 --> 01:19:29,986
BUDGETS INFLATED WHEN THEY'RE 

1597
01:19:29,986 --> 01:19:30,620
475, 480?

1598
01:19:30,620 --> 01:19:33,456
WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE COST OF 

1599
01:19:33,456 --> 01:19:34,958
INFLATION THEY'RE THE EXACT SAME

1600
01:19:34,958 --> 01:19:36,860
AS 30 YEARS AGO SO WE'RE SAYING 

1601
01:19:36,860 --> 01:19:42,165
THEY'RE INFLATED AND THERE'S 

1602
01:19:42,165 --> 01:19:44,400
MENTAL PADDING IT BUT WITH 

1603
01:19:44,400 --> 01:19:45,869
POSTDOC SALARIES GOING UP I 

1604
01:19:45,869 --> 01:19:47,737
THINK THE IDEA THAT WE'RE SAYING

1605
01:19:47,737 --> 01:19:49,772
WE'RE OVER INFLATING OUR BUDGETS

1606
01:19:49,772 --> 01:19:53,343
IS INCORRECT WHEN YOU LOOK AT 

1607
01:19:53,343 --> 01:19:58,648
THE PRICE OF REAGENTS MINUS 

1608
01:19:58,648 --> 01:20:00,917
STAFF WE HAVEN'T INFLATED THE 

1609
01:20:00,917 --> 01:20:02,719
BUDGETS AT ALL.

1610
01:20:02,719 --> 01:20:03,553
THEY'RE EXACTLY FLAT.

1611
01:20:03,553 --> 01:20:06,856
>> TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE
MPI 

1612
01:20:06,856 --> 01:20:08,758
APPLICANT THE ONES IN THE HIGHER

1613
01:20:08,758 --> 01:20:09,292
ECHELON ARE THOSE.

1614
01:20:09,292 --> 01:20:12,028
>> BUT THE COST OF DOING 

1615
01:20:12,028 --> 01:20:20,870
RESEARCH IS DOUBLED.

1616
01:20:20,870 --> 01:20:22,205
>> YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT 

1617
01:20:22,205 --> 01:20:22,472
INFLATION.

1618
01:20:22,472 --> 01:20:23,640
I DON'T KNOW WHERE YOU CAN CUT 

1619
01:20:23,640 --> 01:20:27,210
BUT I'M HAPPY THE TRAINING 

1620
01:20:27,210 --> 01:20:30,013
PROGRAMS SHOULD ALWAYS BE 

1621
01:20:30,013 --> 01:20:33,716
PRESERVED AS TO THE EARLY STAGE 

1622
01:20:33,716 --> 01:20:34,050
INVESTIGATOR.

1623
01:20:34,050 --> 01:20:35,585
AND JUST A JUMP IS CONCERNING 

1624
01:20:35,585 --> 01:20:36,553
FOR OUR PIPELINE.

1625
01:20:36,553 --> 01:20:41,424
I THINK THOSE ARE THE THINGS WE 

1626
01:20:41,424 --> 01:20:43,459
REALLY NEED TO PROTECT AND GET 

1627
01:20:43,459 --> 01:20:45,895
TO BE CREATIVE WHETHER WE 

1628
01:20:45,895 --> 01:20:48,131
PARTNER MORE WITH INDUSTRY FOR 

1629
01:20:48,131 --> 01:20:49,432
THE EXPENSIVE CLINICAL TRIALS OR

1630
01:20:49,432 --> 01:20:51,301
USING DEVICES WE'LL HAVE TO GET 

1631
01:20:51,301 --> 01:20:53,736
CREATIVE WITH FUNDING BECAUSE 

1632
01:20:53,736 --> 01:20:56,139
THE COST OF RESEARCH IS NOT 

1633
01:20:56,139 --> 01:21:05,181
GOING TO GO DOWN.

1634
01:21:05,181 --> 01:21:08,151
>> AS SOMEONE FOOLISH
ENOUGH TO 

1635
01:21:08,151 --> 01:21:13,823
STILL PRESENT A MODULAR BUDGET I

1636
01:21:13,823 --> 01:21:17,594
WONDER IF WE CAN RAISE THAT 16 

1637
01:21:17,594 --> 01:21:21,364
PERCENTILE BY STOPPING FUNDING 

1638
01:21:21,364 --> 01:21:25,602
THOSE GETTING OVER $1.5 MILLION 

1639
01:21:25,602 --> 01:21:27,370
A YEAR.

1640
01:21:27,370 --> 01:21:30,306
AS AN INVESTIGATOR I FEEL 

1641
01:21:30,306 --> 01:21:31,441
BETTER.

1642
01:21:31,441 --> 01:21:33,042
I'M INVOKING THE WRATH OF THOSE 

1643
01:21:33,042 --> 01:21:38,248
GETTING A LOT OF FUNDING I'M 

1644
01:21:38,248 --> 01:21:41,651
SURE BUT MAYOR THERE'S SOMETHING

1645
01:21:41,651 --> 01:21:46,022
TO BE SAID ABOUT NOT CUTTING 

1646
01:21:46,022 --> 01:21:48,324
PERCENTILE, 16% IS CRAZY LOW.

1647
01:21:48,324 --> 01:21:51,294
MAYBE WE SHOULD THINK OF 

1648
01:21:51,294 --> 01:21:52,362
REDISTRIBUTING THE FUNDS JUST A 

1649
01:21:52,362 --> 01:21:52,962
LITTLE MORE THAN WE'RE DOING 

1650
01:21:52,962 --> 01:21:57,900
NOW.

1651
01:21:57,900 --> 01:22:00,637
>> I FULLY AGREE WITH THAT

1652
01:22:00,637 --> 01:22:02,005
SENTIMENT AND WHEN I HAVE THAT 

1653
01:22:02,005 --> 01:22:03,172
THOUGHT I HAVE THE COUNTER 

1654
01:22:03,172 --> 01:22:04,507
THOUGHT AS WE'RE TRYING TO 

1655
01:22:04,507 --> 01:22:06,342
CREATE ALL THESE K LEVEL PEOPLE 

1656
01:22:06,342 --> 01:22:10,346
IN THE PICTURE.

1657
01:22:10,346 --> 01:22:12,148
THEY HAVE TO HAVE MENTORS AND 

1658
01:22:12,148 --> 01:22:22,525
THEY HAVE LARGE LABS.

1659
01:22:31,267 --> 01:22:36,739
COULD WE INCORRECTLY FUND THE 

1660
01:22:36,739 --> 01:22:41,344
LABS VIA THE K BY PROVIDING SOME

1661
01:22:41,344 --> 01:22:44,147
SALARY OR PROVIDING MORE THAN 

1662
01:22:44,147 --> 01:22:47,150
THE MINIMAL SUPPLIES THAT COULD 

1663
01:22:47,150 --> 01:22:50,787
ACTUALLY REALLY COVER THE WORK 

1664
01:22:50,787 --> 01:22:51,254
OF THAT.

1665
01:22:51,254 --> 01:22:54,257
IT'S JUST THINKING ABOUT IT 

1666
01:22:54,257 --> 01:22:54,557
DIFFERENTLY.

1667
01:22:54,557 --> 01:23:01,698
I WORRY IF WE SHRINK OUR LARGER 

1668
01:23:01,698 --> 01:23:03,066
LABS WE MAY LOSE THE TRAINING.

1669
01:23:03,066 --> 01:23:05,601
>> I LOVE THAT.

1670
01:23:05,601 --> 01:23:07,070
GIVING MONEY THROUGH THE LARGER 

1671
01:23:07,070 --> 01:23:09,572
LABS THROUGH THE TRAINING AWARDS

1672
01:23:09,572 --> 01:23:12,141
LINKED TO THE CAPACITY AS WELL.

1673
01:23:12,141 --> 01:23:22,685
YOU DON'T WANT TO LOSE THAT AND 

1674
01:23:25,388 --> 01:23:27,890
IT'S A DEBATE INSIDE MY OWN HEAD

1675
01:23:27,890 --> 01:23:30,093
AND WONDER IF WE MIGHT ADDRESS 

1676
01:23:30,093 --> 01:23:30,393
IT.

1677
01:23:30,393 --> 01:23:36,132
>> IN TERMS OF THE ESIs
THEY'RE 

1678
01:23:36,132 --> 01:23:36,833
EARLY STAGE.

1679
01:23:36,833 --> 01:23:37,867
THEY'RE OF WE'RE GOING TO SEEK 

1680
01:23:37,867 --> 01:23:39,669
YOUR APPROVAL TO GO WHERE WE 

1681
01:23:39,669 --> 01:23:42,572
BELIEVE THE PAY LINE WE HOPE 

1682
01:23:42,572 --> 01:23:44,474
WILL END UP.

1683
01:23:44,474 --> 01:23:46,943
SO WE STILL WOULD SEEK THE 

1684
01:23:46,943 --> 01:23:48,144
AUTHORITY TO GO BEYOND THE 60 

1685
01:23:48,144 --> 01:23:52,148
MARK.

1686
01:23:52,148 --> 01:23:56,719
>> I WASN'T TOO CLEAR WITH
THE 

1687
01:23:56,719 --> 01:23:56,986
TRAINING.

1688
01:23:56,986 --> 01:23:59,722
I NOW WANT TO MAINTAIN THAT AS 

1689
01:23:59,722 --> 01:24:00,423
MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

1690
01:24:00,423 --> 01:24:04,560
HOW MUCH OF THE F GRANTS AND SO 

1691
01:24:04,560 --> 01:24:05,928
WILL THEY HAVE?

1692
01:24:05,928 --> 01:24:07,230
I'M WONDERING WHETHER THERE'S 

1693
01:24:07,230 --> 01:24:10,400
SOME KIND OF INCENTIVE FOR 

1694
01:24:10,400 --> 01:24:11,534
INVESTIGATORS TO BE PUSHING TO 

1695
01:24:11,534 --> 01:24:12,735
OFFSET THE COST.

1696
01:24:12,735 --> 01:24:14,137
I THINK ONE OF THE MOST 

1697
01:24:14,137 --> 01:24:16,139
EXPENSIVE PART OF THE BUDGET FOR

1698
01:24:16,139 --> 01:24:20,810
AN INVESTIGATOR IS THE SALARIES.

1699
01:24:20,810 --> 01:24:23,946
PUSHING AN INCENTIVE TO APPLY 

1700
01:24:23,946 --> 01:24:26,416
FOR MORE THE F AWARDS FOR AT 

1701
01:24:26,416 --> 01:24:28,151
LEAST FOR THE STUDENTS.

1702
01:24:28,151 --> 01:24:33,589
NOT SURE THAT SHIFT THE PROBLEM 

1703
01:24:33,589 --> 01:24:41,631
ELSEWHERE BUT I CONFESS I'M ALSO

1704
01:24:41,631 --> 01:24:43,366
A MODULAR BUDGET GUY BUT IT'S 

1705
01:24:43,366 --> 01:24:45,768
GETTING HARD AND WE GO FOR THE F

1706
01:24:45,768 --> 01:24:49,238
GRANTS BUT THOSE ARE JUST AS 

1707
01:24:49,238 --> 01:24:54,410
BRUTAL GET AS AN RO1.

1708
01:24:54,410 --> 01:25:01,083
SOME INCENTIVE MAY BE HELPFUL.

1709
01:25:01,083 --> 01:25:11,427
>> I WANT TO THANK TISH
WIGAN 

1710
01:25:11,427 --> 01:25:13,396
AND THERE'S A SERIES OF FORCES 

1711
01:25:13,396 --> 01:25:16,132
COMING UP THAT WEREN'T THERE 20 

1712
01:25:16,132 --> 01:25:22,738
YEARS AGO.

1713
01:25:22,738 --> 01:25:23,606
NEGOTIATING THEM AND THEIR 

1714
01:25:23,606 --> 01:25:25,174
KANSAS TRICKY BUT THERE'S 

1715
01:25:25,174 --> 01:25:26,108
PROBABLY THINGS WE CAN DO 

1716
01:25:26,108 --> 01:25:28,244
DIFFERENTLY TO GET US TO THE 

1717
01:25:28,244 --> 01:25:33,616
GOAL WE WANT.

1718
01:25:33,616 --> 01:25:37,420
IN TERMS OF POSTDOCS, THE Fs 

1719
01:25:37,420 --> 01:25:40,990
ONLY ACCOUNT FOR 3% OF ALL THE 

1720
01:25:40,990 --> 01:25:51,300
POSTDOCS ON RO1s.

1721
01:25:53,302 --> 01:26:00,142
THEY'RE GOAL WAS TO PUSH THE Fs 

1722
01:26:00,142 --> 01:26:10,286
TOWARDS TO THE POSTDOC F YOU 

1723
01:26:10,286 --> 01:26:12,522
HAVE TO APPLY WITHIN A SHORT 

1724
01:26:12,522 --> 01:26:14,323
TIME AFTER JOINING THE LAB WITH 

1725
01:26:14,323 --> 01:26:15,324
THE IDEA BEING FUNDING SOMEBODY 

1726
01:26:15,324 --> 01:26:17,660
WHO IS GOING TO WORK THEIR OWN 

1727
01:26:17,660 --> 01:26:19,428
SPACE IN SOMEONE'S LAB AND THEN 

1728
01:26:19,428 --> 01:26:29,472
HAVE SOMETHING TO GO OUT WITH.

1729
01:26:29,472 --> 01:26:30,606
SIMILARLY THE Ph.D. PROGRAMS THE

1730
01:26:30,606 --> 01:26:35,711
JOINT T32s FOR THE BLUEPRINT FOR

1731
01:26:35,711 --> 01:26:37,980
NEUROSCIENCE AND THERE I THINK 

1732
01:26:37,980 --> 01:26:41,584
WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO -- WE 

1733
01:26:41,584 --> 01:26:43,119
MADE SOME LITTLE TWEAKS BUT I 

1734
01:26:43,119 --> 01:26:44,153
THINK MORE ABILITY THERE.

1735
01:26:44,153 --> 01:26:49,592
I THINK WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT 

1736
01:26:49,592 --> 01:26:52,128
TRAINING BIG PICTURE WISE IN THE

1737
01:26:52,128 --> 01:26:59,502
NEXT YEAR OR SO.

1738
01:26:59,502 --> 01:27:00,970
>> I'D MAKE MORE COMMENTS
ABOUT 

1739
01:27:00,970 --> 01:27:02,004
THE TRAINING ASPECT.

1740
01:27:02,004 --> 01:27:05,408
IT'S ONE THING TO SUPPORT THE 

1741
01:27:05,408 --> 01:27:06,409
TRAINEES BUT WE'RE ALSO LOSING A

1742
01:27:06,409 --> 01:27:08,110
FAIR NUMBER OF TRAINEES WHEN 

1743
01:27:08,110 --> 01:27:08,678
THEY ARE SEE WHAT HAPPENS 

1744
01:27:08,678 --> 01:27:10,880
FURTHER DOWN THE ROAD AT THE 

1745
01:27:10,880 --> 01:27:11,781
FUNDING LEVELS AND DECIDE THIS 

1746
01:27:11,781 --> 01:27:19,288
IS NOT AN AVENUE FOR THE MOST 

1747
01:27:19,288 --> 01:27:20,890
INTELLIGENT PEOPLE TO MOVE 

1748
01:27:20,890 --> 01:27:22,391
FORWARD AND BALANCING THAT WHAT 

1749
01:27:22,391 --> 01:27:24,060
WE'RE DOING TO THE MID CAREER 

1750
01:27:24,060 --> 01:27:26,929
PROSPECTS OF THESE INDIVIDUALS 

1751
01:27:26,929 --> 01:27:28,230
WE'RE SPENDING SO MUCH TIME 

1752
01:27:28,230 --> 01:27:38,708
TRAINING BECOMES ESSENTIAL.

1753
01:27:59,829 --> 01:28:01,163
>> THIS IS PROBABLY THE
WRONG 

1754
01:28:01,163 --> 01:28:03,933
TIME TO BRING THIS UP WITH TO 

1755
01:28:03,933 --> 01:28:06,002
THE BUDGETS BEING SO POOR BUT 

1756
01:28:06,002 --> 01:28:07,737
SEVERAL OF US ON THE WALK OVER 

1757
01:28:07,737 --> 01:28:10,940
HAD A DISCUSSION HOW EXPENSIVE 

1758
01:28:10,940 --> 01:28:13,342
IT IS TO TRAIN INVESTIGATORS.

1759
01:28:13,342 --> 01:28:16,145
AND I'VE ESTIMATED IT'S ABOUT 

1760
01:28:16,145 --> 01:28:18,614
$75,000 A YEAR PER K AWARDEE AND

1761
01:28:18,614 --> 01:28:20,316
THEN THE COST THAT GOES BEYOND 

1762
01:28:20,316 --> 01:28:26,155
THAT IN TERMS OF WHEN THEY GET 

1763
01:28:26,155 --> 01:28:28,157
THEIR FIRST RO1 TO PROTECT THEIR

1764
01:28:28,157 --> 01:28:29,825
TIME FOR THE SECOND.

1765
01:28:29,825 --> 01:28:31,260
LOOKING AT THE NUMBERS WE 

1766
01:28:31,260 --> 01:28:33,663
HAVEN'T CHANGED THE BAR IN TERMS

1767
01:28:33,663 --> 01:28:35,131
OF THE NUMBERS OF NEW 

1768
01:28:35,131 --> 01:28:35,464
INVESTIGATORS.

1769
01:28:35,464 --> 01:28:37,433
I THINK GOING FORWARD WHEN 

1770
01:28:37,433 --> 01:28:42,338
BUDGETS ARE BETTER WE MIGHT 

1771
01:28:42,338 --> 01:28:45,741
THINK ABOUT HOW TO SUPPLEMENT 

1772
01:28:45,741 --> 01:28:47,877
THE COSTS ON THE NEUROLOGY 

1773
01:28:47,877 --> 01:28:49,378
DEPARTMENTS THAT DON'T BRING IN 

1774
01:28:49,378 --> 01:28:49,612
REVENUE.

1775
01:28:49,612 --> 01:28:53,215
I THINK THAT'S GOING TO BE 

1776
01:28:53,215 --> 01:28:54,450
REALLY IMPORTANT.

1777
01:28:54,450 --> 01:28:58,120
WE HAVE 19K AWARDEES AND I LOSE 

1778
01:28:58,120 --> 01:29:01,691
SLEEP ON HOW MUCH THAT WILL COST

1779
01:29:01,691 --> 01:29:05,628
US OVER THE NEXT FIVE, 10 YEARS.

1780
01:29:05,628 --> 01:29:09,899
>> PERHAPS THE LAST
QUESTION.

1781
01:29:09,899 --> 01:29:11,534
>> I'M CURIOUS WHEN I
THINK 

1782
01:29:11,534 --> 01:29:13,169
ABOUT WHEN I STARTED MY 

1783
01:29:13,169 --> 01:29:15,404
INDEPENDENT CAREER OVER TWO 

1784
01:29:15,404 --> 01:29:16,906
DECADES AGO PUSHING THREE, THIS 

1785
01:29:16,906 --> 01:29:23,512
WAS THE ONLY GAME IN TOWN.

1786
01:29:23,512 --> 01:29:25,514
200 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCHERS AND

1787
01:29:25,514 --> 01:29:27,750
IN THAT TIME SO MANY HAS CHANGED

1788
01:29:27,750 --> 01:29:30,119
THERE'S OTHER PLAYERS THAT ARE 

1789
01:29:30,119 --> 01:29:34,290
CHANGING THE ECO SYSTEM.

1790
01:29:34,290 --> 01:29:38,060
NOT ONLY SHOULD WE HAVE BETTER 

1791
01:29:38,060 --> 01:29:42,031
BUDGETS BUT KHAN ZUCKERBERG AND 

1792
01:29:42,031 --> 01:29:44,166
SIMON, TO NAME THREE EXTREMELY 

1793
01:29:44,166 --> 01:29:48,137
GOOD PHILANTHROPISTS FOR SCIENCE

1794
01:29:48,137 --> 01:29:48,804
BUT ALSO THE DEPARTMENT OF 

1795
01:29:48,804 --> 01:29:51,273
DEFENSE JUST LOOKING AT THE 

1796
01:29:51,273 --> 01:29:51,974
PAPER ADVERTISED WITH GREAT 

1797
01:29:51,974 --> 01:29:55,978
SUCCESS WAS FUNDED BY DOD.

1798
01:29:55,978 --> 01:29:58,914
AT LEAST THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE 

1799
01:29:58,914 --> 01:30:00,583
GIVING CREDIT FOR IN THE FRONT 

1800
01:30:00,583 --> 01:30:02,151
LINE OF THE PAPER AND YOU 

1801
01:30:02,151 --> 01:30:04,687
COULDN'T HAVE AFFORDED IT IF 

1802
01:30:04,687 --> 01:30:10,626
THEY SAID DON'T PAY MORE THAN 

1803
01:30:10,626 --> 01:30:11,827
$1.5 MILLION.

1804
01:30:11,827 --> 01:30:16,132
HAS ANYONE LOOKED AT TO THE 

1805
01:30:16,132 --> 01:30:22,138
WHOLE ECO SYSTEM TO LOOK AT THE 

1806
01:30:22,138 --> 01:30:28,778
BUDGETS AND IT MIGHT TEMP PERRER

1807
01:30:28,778 --> 01:30:30,746
 -- TEMPER LOOKING AT THE WHOLE 

1808
01:30:30,746 --> 01:30:32,348
PACKAGE RIGHT NOW AND I'M 

1809
01:30:32,348 --> 01:30:35,851
GATHERING IT HASN'T BEEN DONE.

1810
01:30:35,851 --> 01:30:41,857
>> I HAVEN'T SEEN ANYBODY
DO 

1811
01:30:41,857 --> 01:30:48,564
THAT YET.

1812
01:30:48,564 --> 01:30:50,099
I THINK NIH IN A SENSE IS YOUR 

1813
01:30:50,099 --> 01:30:51,867
BREAD AND BUTTER AND THE OTHERS 

1814
01:30:51,867 --> 01:30:53,803
ARE MORE NICHE AREAS.

1815
01:30:53,803 --> 01:30:58,307
YOU HAVE TO HAVE THAT FOUNDATION

1816
01:30:58,307 --> 01:30:59,208
NINDS OFFERS.

1817
01:30:59,208 --> 01:31:00,776
MOST THE PEOPLE YOU MENTION THE 

1818
01:31:00,776 --> 01:31:04,146
FOLKS MENTIONED FUND WERE FUNDED

1819
01:31:04,146 --> 01:31:10,119
BY NINDS FIRST AND THE INSTITUTE

1820
01:31:10,119 --> 01:31:11,320
SO RIGHT -- 

1821
01:31:11,320 --> 01:31:15,124
>> ZUCKERBERG HAS A YOUNG 

1822
01:31:15,124 --> 01:31:18,727
INVESTIGATOR AWARD.

1823
01:31:18,727 --> 01:31:27,636
NOT THE SAME EXTENT AND I FEEL 

1824
01:31:27,636 --> 01:31:28,871
LIKE THERE'S ROOTS IN ANALYSIS 

1825
01:31:28,871 --> 01:31:34,310
SAYING WHAT IS THE WHOLE ECO 

1826
01:31:34,310 --> 01:31:38,314
SYSTEM IN TERMS OF NEUROSYSTEM 

1827
01:31:38,314 --> 01:31:38,581
FUNDING.

1828
01:31:38,581 --> 01:31:43,752
YOU CAN'T LOOPING -- LOOK AT 

1829
01:31:43,752 --> 01:31:45,354
WHAT THE SIMONS FOUNDATION WILL 

1830
01:31:45,354 --> 01:31:46,822
DO BUT FOR THE LONG HAUL.

1831
01:31:46,822 --> 01:31:49,625
>> AND NEUROSCIENCE
FUNDING 

1832
01:31:49,625 --> 01:31:50,593
INCREASED AT NIH MORE GOES TO 

1833
01:31:50,593 --> 01:31:52,127
NEUROSCIENCE THAN ANY OTHER 

1834
01:31:52,127 --> 01:32:02,238
AREA.

1835
01:32:10,346 --> 01:32:12,648
WE'RE CRYING BUT WE HAVE HALF A 

1836
01:32:12,648 --> 01:32:14,083
BILLION A YEAR.

1837
01:32:14,083 --> 01:32:16,418
THINGS GO UP AND DOWN AT THE NIH

1838
01:32:16,418 --> 01:32:18,787
LEVEL AND WE HAVE TO TRY AND 

1839
01:32:18,787 --> 01:32:21,557
RIDE THAT WAVE AND NOT DO 

1840
01:32:21,557 --> 01:32:24,760
PERMANENT DAMAGE AND WE DO WANT 

1841
01:32:24,760 --> 01:32:28,130
TO PARTNER OR COORDINATE, 

1842
01:32:28,130 --> 01:32:30,799
PARTNER, WORK WITH ALL THE OTHER

1843
01:32:30,799 --> 01:32:36,805
AGENCIES WHO ARE INVESTED IN 

1844
01:32:36,805 --> 01:32:40,142
THIS SPACE THEIR DOLLARS ARE 

1845
01:32:40,142 --> 01:32:45,481
ALMOST AS GOOD AS OUR DOLLARS.

1846
01:32:45,481 --> 01:32:48,684
TRUTH IS IT'S JUST GETTING THE 

1847
01:32:48,684 --> 01:32:50,953
WORK DONE.

1848
01:32:50,953 --> 01:32:51,987
WE'RE DEFINITELY OPEN TO 

1849
01:32:51,987 --> 01:32:57,626
ANYTHING WE CAN DO FOR SURE.

1850
01:32:57,626 --> 01:33:06,268
TO ADVANCE THEIR VISION.

1851
01:33:06,268 --> 01:33:07,736
>> SO WITH THAT, THANK
YOU, 

1852
01:33:07,736 --> 01:33:08,137
WALTER.

1853
01:33:08,137 --> 01:33:09,672
THANKS FOR ALL THE QUESTIONS AND

1854
01:33:09,672 --> 01:33:09,972
DISCUSSION.

1855
01:33:09,972 --> 01:33:12,841
I DO THINK WE NEED TO MOVE LONG 

1856
01:33:12,841 --> 01:33:15,577
TO OUR ADRD UPDATE.

1857
01:33:15,577 --> 01:33:19,181
WE'LL PASS IT ON TO AMBER 

1858
01:33:19,181 --> 01:33:21,717
MCCARTNEY AND FRANK SHOEMAKER 

1859
01:33:21,717 --> 01:33:24,620
FROM THE DIVISION OF 

1860
01:33:24,620 --> 01:33:27,089
NEUROSCIENCE TO GIVE US A BRIEF 

1861
01:33:27,089 --> 01:33:27,323
UPDATE.

1862
01:33:27,323 --> 01:33:37,866
IT'S BETWEEN YOU TWO AND LUNCH.

1863
01:33:52,181 --> 01:33:54,850
>> HI, EVERYBODY.

1864
01:33:54,850 --> 01:33:58,420
I'M THE DIRECTOR FOR TEMPORO 

1865
01:33:58,420 --> 01:34:00,122
FRONTAL DEMENTIA AND I'LL TALK 

1866
01:34:00,122 --> 01:34:01,290
ABOUT OUR PROGRAM.

1867
01:34:01,290 --> 01:34:02,491
IT'S PART OF A LARGER TEAM 

1868
01:34:02,491 --> 01:34:03,292
EFFORT WITH THE NATIONAL 

1869
01:34:03,292 --> 01:34:10,065
INSTITUTE ON AGING IN WHICH WE 

1870
01:34:10,065 --> 01:34:12,868
SUPPORT RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S 

1871
01:34:12,868 --> 01:34:14,370
DISEASE AND THEY'RE THE LEAD ON 

1872
01:34:14,370 --> 01:34:18,574
AD AND WE'RE THE LEAD ON ADRD.

1873
01:34:18,574 --> 01:34:20,509
NORMALLY ROD WILL GIVE THE 

1874
01:34:20,509 --> 01:34:24,146
PRESENTATION BUT HE'S ON LEAVE, 

1875
01:34:24,146 --> 01:34:27,049
A FANTASTIC PROGRAM MANAGER AND 

1876
01:34:27,049 --> 01:34:29,018
AMBER AND I WILL GIVE THE UPDATE

1877
01:34:29,018 --> 01:34:33,422
IN HIS PLACE.

1878
01:34:33,422 --> 01:34:35,391
I WANT TO THANK A FANTASTIC TEAM

1879
01:34:35,391 --> 01:34:40,796
THAT SUPPORTS OUR ADRD PROGRAM.

1880
01:34:40,796 --> 01:34:42,364
GREAT EXPERTISE ACROSS THE 

1881
01:34:42,364 --> 01:34:43,632
BOARD, POLICY, GRANTS MANAGE, 

1882
01:34:43,632 --> 01:34:44,133
FINANCE.

1883
01:34:44,133 --> 01:34:48,537
I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT PEOPLE WHO 

1884
01:34:48,537 --> 01:34:52,141
PUT THE PRESENTATION TOGETHER.

1885
01:34:52,141 --> 01:34:53,976
AMBER AND ROBIN AND IN THE 

1886
01:34:53,976 --> 01:34:56,011
MIDDLE COLUMN I WANT TO THANK 

1887
01:34:56,011 --> 01:35:00,149
OUR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BRANCH.

1888
01:35:00,149 --> 01:35:02,451
THEY REVIEW THE APPLICATIONS AND

1889
01:35:02,451 --> 01:35:04,720
WE COULDN'T DO THIS WITHOUT THEM

1890
01:35:04,720 --> 01:35:05,687
AND ON THE FAR RIGHT PROGRAM 

1891
01:35:05,687 --> 01:35:10,626
STAFF AND LET ME INTRODUCE A NEW

1892
01:35:10,626 --> 01:35:15,364
PROGRAM DIRECTOR WE HAVE XILING 

1893
01:35:15,364 --> 01:35:16,398
YIN FOR VASCULAR CONTRIBUTION 

1894
01:35:16,398 --> 01:35:18,067
FOR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 

1895
01:35:18,067 --> 01:35:20,102
DEMENTIA AND JUST STARTED AND 

1896
01:35:20,102 --> 01:35:24,273
WE'RE EXCITED TO HAVE HER IN 

1897
01:35:24,273 --> 01:35:29,845
THIS ROLE.

1898
01:35:29,845 --> 01:35:40,389
NO SURPRISE, ADRD IS A NATIONAL 

1899
01:35:43,192 --> 01:35:44,126
PRIORITY.

1900
01:35:44,126 --> 01:35:46,028
THE LOSS OF COGNITIVE DECLINE IS

1901
01:35:46,028 --> 01:35:48,163
DEVASTATING TO INDIVIDUALS AND 

1902
01:35:48,163 --> 01:35:48,664
FAMILIES.

1903
01:35:48,664 --> 01:35:50,466
IT'S A MAJOR HEALTH ISSUE AND 

1904
01:35:50,466 --> 01:35:52,201
TAKES UP A LOT OF OUR PUBLIC 

1905
01:35:52,201 --> 01:35:53,969
HEALTH RESOURCES.

1906
01:35:53,969 --> 01:35:55,604
A SHOUT OUT TO OUR 

1907
01:35:55,604 --> 01:35:56,538
COMMUNICATIONS TEAM.

1908
01:35:56,538 --> 01:35:58,207
THEY PUT TOGETHER A GREAT 

1909
01:35:58,207 --> 01:36:00,175
YOUTUBE VIDEO THAT EXPRESSES THE

1910
01:36:00,175 --> 01:36:04,313
CHALLENGE OF ADRD THAT EXPRESSES

1911
01:36:04,313 --> 01:36:14,523
THE CHALLENGE BETTER THAN I CAN.

1912
01:36:14,523 --> 01:36:18,260
MORE THAN A DECADE AGO CONGRESS 

1913
01:36:18,260 --> 01:36:18,827
DEVELOPED THE ALZHEIMER'S 

1914
01:36:18,827 --> 01:36:21,597
PROJECT ACT AND CALLED FOR A 

1915
01:36:21,597 --> 01:36:25,000
NATIONAL PLAN, A UNIFIED PLAN TO

1916
01:36:25,000 --> 01:36:30,272
ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND 

1917
01:36:30,272 --> 01:36:33,642
2012 THE FIRST NATIONAL PLAN WAS

1918
01:36:33,642 --> 01:36:33,942
CREATED.

1919
01:36:33,942 --> 01:36:37,646
EVERY YEAR SINCE 2012 THIS IS 

1920
01:36:37,646 --> 01:36:39,481
UPDATED WITH THE STATE OF THE 

1921
01:36:39,481 --> 01:36:41,450
SCIENCE AND UNDERSTAND THE 

1922
01:36:41,450 --> 01:36:43,519
DIFFICULTY OF DIAGNOSIS AND 

1923
01:36:43,519 --> 01:36:46,488
PATHOLOGY AND IT CAN BE HARD TO 

1924
01:36:46,488 --> 01:36:50,392
DRAW A LINE AGAIN DIFFERENT 

1925
01:36:50,392 --> 01:36:50,792
DEMENTIAS.

1926
01:36:50,792 --> 01:36:52,161
INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

1927
01:36:52,161 --> 01:36:54,463
RELATED DEMENTIAS IN THE PLAN 

1928
01:36:54,463 --> 01:37:00,169
AND ADRD ARE LEWY BODY AND 

1929
01:37:00,169 --> 01:37:06,909
VASCULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

1930
01:37:06,909 --> 01:37:09,077
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 

1931
01:37:09,077 --> 01:37:10,145
COMBINATIONS AND WITH THE 

1932
01:37:10,145 --> 01:37:10,946
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING 

1933
01:37:10,946 --> 01:37:12,447
WE'RE TRYING TO REACH THE FIRST 

1934
01:37:12,447 --> 01:37:16,985
GOAL OF THE NATIONAL PLAN AND 

1935
01:37:16,985 --> 01:37:24,293
THAT IS TO PREVENT AND TREAT 

1936
01:37:24,293 --> 01:37:24,960
ADRD.

1937
01:37:24,960 --> 01:37:26,295
CONGRESS AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

1938
01:37:26,295 --> 01:37:32,167
HAVE BEEN SUPPORTIVE OF THIS 

1939
01:37:32,167 --> 01:37:38,607
EFFORT I'M SHOWING 2015 VERSION 

1940
01:37:38,607 --> 01:37:39,675
US 2023.

1941
01:37:39,675 --> 01:37:43,412
2015 IS A GOOD BENCHMARK BECAUSE

1942
01:37:43,412 --> 01:37:45,814
OF UPDATES TO OUR SCIENTIFIC 

1943
01:37:45,814 --> 01:37:47,849
CODING AND YOU CAN SEE THERE'S 

1944
01:37:47,849 --> 01:37:51,420
BEEN A SIXFOLD INCREASE IN 

1945
01:37:51,420 --> 01:37:57,292
SUPPORT FOR ADRD FUNDING AND 

1946
01:37:57,292 --> 01:38:00,162
ADRD, SEVENFOLD INCREASE IN THAT

1947
01:38:00,162 --> 01:38:02,831
TIME.

1948
01:38:02,831 --> 01:38:04,366
THIS LOOKS SPECIFICALLY AT THE 

1949
01:38:04,366 --> 01:38:07,302
ADRD AWARD FUNDING BY PHYSICAL 

1950
01:38:07,302 --> 01:38:12,174
YEAR.

1951
01:38:12,174 --> 01:38:14,943
THE BACK PART INDICATES MONEY 

1952
01:38:14,943 --> 01:38:16,511
THAT SUPPORTS ADRD RESEARCH.

1953
01:38:16,511 --> 01:38:18,213
THIS HAS BEEN PART OF OUR 

1954
01:38:18,213 --> 01:38:19,815
MISSION AND CONTINUES TO BE SO 

1955
01:38:19,815 --> 01:38:23,518
IT'S NOT SURPRISING THAT WE 

1956
01:38:23,518 --> 01:38:30,525
WOULD FUND ADRD FROM OUR BASE 

1957
01:38:30,525 --> 01:38:35,697
BUDGET AND CONGRESSIONALLY 

1958
01:38:35,697 --> 01:38:37,599
DIRECTED FUNDS WE SPEND 10% OF 

1959
01:38:37,599 --> 01:38:40,836
WE HAVE THIS ADDITIONAL MONEY IN

1960
01:38:40,836 --> 01:38:44,873
GRAY BARS THAT SUPPORT ADRD 

1961
01:38:44,873 --> 01:38:47,776
RESEARCH AND ABLE TO FUND 

1962
01:38:47,776 --> 01:38:48,543
MERITORIOUS PROJECTS THAT WOULD 

1963
01:38:48,543 --> 01:38:50,979
NOT OTHERWISE BE ABLE TO BE 

1964
01:38:50,979 --> 01:38:52,047
SUPPORTED BY BASE FUNDS AND 

1965
01:38:52,047 --> 01:38:53,081
THERE'S TWO AWARDS.

1966
01:38:53,081 --> 01:38:56,184
ONE ON THE RIGHT YOU CAN SEE WE 

1967
01:38:56,184 --> 01:38:58,453
HAVE INVESTIGATOR INITIATED 

1968
01:38:58,453 --> 01:39:00,956
RESEARCH AND THE ADRD SPACE AND 

1969
01:39:00,956 --> 01:39:02,924
LAST YEAR WE SUPPORTED ABOUT 

1970
01:39:02,924 --> 01:39:06,461
$100 MILLION FOR THAT AND THEN 

1971
01:39:06,461 --> 01:39:11,333
NUMBER TWO, WE HAVE RESEARCH 

1972
01:39:11,333 --> 01:39:14,136
RESPONSIVE TO ADRD INITIATIVES 

1973
01:39:14,136 --> 01:39:15,570
CREATED BY OUR PROGRAM STAFF 

1974
01:39:15,570 --> 01:39:16,305
LAST YEAR ABOUT $200 MILLION IN 

1975
01:39:16,305 --> 01:39:24,680
SUPPORT.

1976
01:39:24,680 --> 01:39:26,114
THE TOTAL AMOUNT FOR OUR 

1977
01:39:26,114 --> 01:39:32,154
PORTFOLIO LAST YEAR OVER $440 

1978
01:39:32,154 --> 01:39:32,954
MILLION.

1979
01:39:32,954 --> 01:39:35,724
THAT'S INCLUSIVE OF FUNDS AND 

1980
01:39:35,724 --> 01:39:37,192
CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED FUNDS.

1981
01:39:37,192 --> 01:39:40,896
YOU CAN SEE BY DISEASE CATEGORY 

1982
01:39:40,896 --> 01:39:48,136
HOW THAT IS SPENT ON AD AND FTD 

1983
01:39:48,136 --> 01:39:50,639
AND AD IS A SIGNIFICANT FUND WE 

1984
01:39:50,639 --> 01:39:52,574
HAVE AD IN OUR PORTFOLIO AND 

1985
01:39:52,574 --> 01:39:55,344
CONVERSELY ADRD IN THEIR 

1986
01:39:55,344 --> 01:39:56,178
PORTFOLIO.

1987
01:39:56,178 --> 01:40:04,786
IT'S VERY MUCH A TEAM EFFORT.

1988
01:40:04,786 --> 01:40:05,787
INSTEAD OF LOOKING AT THE 

1989
01:40:05,787 --> 01:40:07,422
DOLLARS YOU CAN LOOK AT THE 

1990
01:40:07,422 --> 01:40:08,523
NUMBER OF AWARDS.

1991
01:40:08,523 --> 01:40:10,158
I POINT YOU TO THE COLUMN ON THE

1992
01:40:10,158 --> 01:40:11,593
FAR RIGHT AND LEFT OF THAT.

1993
01:40:11,593 --> 01:40:15,097
THOSE ARE THIS NUMBER OF AWARDS 

1994
01:40:15,097 --> 01:40:19,000
SINCE 2016 WE'VE GIVEN IN 

1995
01:40:19,000 --> 01:40:22,003
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF ADRD.

1996
01:40:22,003 --> 01:40:23,605
NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH IT LINE 

1997
01:40:23,605 --> 01:40:25,841
BY LINE BUT TO THE RIGHT TO 

1998
01:40:25,841 --> 01:40:29,878
HIGHLIGHT NUMBERS, SINCE 2016, 

1999
01:40:29,878 --> 01:40:33,382
WE'VE HAD 108 ADRD INITIATIVES.

2000
01:40:33,382 --> 01:40:34,883
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE 

2001
01:40:34,883 --> 01:40:39,221
RESEARCH THAT RESULTED IN 436 

2002
01:40:39,221 --> 01:40:39,488
AWARDS.

2003
01:40:39,488 --> 01:40:41,823
AT THE SAME TIME WE'VE HAD MORE 

2004
01:40:41,823 --> 01:40:45,894
THAN 1,000 INVESTIGATOR 

2005
01:40:45,894 --> 01:40:50,232
INITIATED AWARDS FOR ALMOST 100 

2006
01:40:50,232 --> 01:40:55,203
NEW ADRD NINDS AWARDS SINCE 

2007
01:40:55,203 --> 01:40:56,071
2016.

2008
01:40:56,071 --> 01:40:58,106
NOW, AN IMPORTANT METRIC IS NOT 

2009
01:40:58,106 --> 01:40:59,341
JUST THE DOLLARS AND GRANT 

2010
01:40:59,341 --> 01:41:00,342
NUMBERS ABOUT THE WE WANT TO 

2011
01:41:00,342 --> 01:41:03,745
KNOW THE SCIENCE IS MOVING 

2012
01:41:03,745 --> 01:41:04,146
FORWARD.

2013
01:41:04,146 --> 01:41:09,584
THIS MONEY ALLOWS US TO ADDRESS 

2014
01:41:09,584 --> 01:41:11,653
GAPS IN THE FIELD AND WE'RE ABLE

2015
01:41:11,653 --> 01:41:12,687
TO DEDICATE RESOURCES TO ADDRESS

2016
01:41:12,687 --> 01:41:13,288
THOSE GAPS.

2017
01:41:13,288 --> 01:41:15,791
I WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE PROCESS

2018
01:41:15,791 --> 01:41:18,460
AND SOME OF OUR SUCCESS.

2019
01:41:18,460 --> 01:41:22,197
EVERY THREE YEARS WE HAVE THESE 

2020
01:41:22,197 --> 01:41:24,199
SUMMITS FOR OUR ADRD RESEARCH 

2021
01:41:24,199 --> 01:41:27,135
PRIORITIES AND FROM THESE 

2022
01:41:27,135 --> 01:41:31,006
SUMMITS COME RECOMMENDATIONS AND

2023
01:41:31,006 --> 01:41:31,306
MILESTONES.

2024
01:41:31,306 --> 01:41:32,808
IT'S BEYOND THE SCOPE TO DISCUSS

2025
01:41:32,808 --> 01:41:34,409
ALL THOSE TODAY BUT WE CAN LOOK 

2026
01:41:34,409 --> 01:41:36,645
AT THE OVERARCHING THEMES FROM 

2027
01:41:36,645 --> 01:41:37,813
THE RECOMMENDATIONS AND 

2028
01:41:37,813 --> 01:41:38,113
MILESTONES.

2029
01:41:38,113 --> 01:41:39,881
HERE'S SOME BULLETS.

2030
01:41:39,881 --> 01:41:42,484
I WON'T READ THEM ALL BUT HAVE 

2031
01:41:42,484 --> 01:41:43,185
WORDS HIGHLIGHTED.

2032
01:41:43,185 --> 01:41:45,153
HEALTH EQUITY, PRAGMATIC 

2033
01:41:45,153 --> 01:41:47,389
APPROACHES ESPECIALLY PRAGMATIC 

2034
01:41:47,389 --> 01:41:49,257
CLINICAL TRIALS, PRECISION 

2035
01:41:49,257 --> 01:41:51,760
BIOMARKERS, PERSONALIZED 

2036
01:41:51,760 --> 01:41:53,028
MEDICINE, PREVENTION, VIGILANCE,

2037
01:41:53,028 --> 01:41:56,164
NOVEL STRATEGIES AND TOOLS ARE 

2038
01:41:56,164 --> 01:41:57,799
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES ACROSS OUR 

2039
01:41:57,799 --> 01:41:59,968
SUMMIT IN 2022.

2040
01:41:59,968 --> 01:42:01,303
KNOWING THESE THEMES THAT ARE 

2041
01:42:01,303 --> 01:42:07,309
IMPORTANT WHEN WE COUNTER 

2042
01:42:07,309 --> 01:42:10,946
SPECIFIC GAPS, THIS PROBLEM 

2043
01:42:10,946 --> 01:42:13,281
DEMENTIA IS OFTEN UNDIAGNOSED IN

2044
01:42:13,281 --> 01:42:15,317
PRIMARY CARE AND WHEN IT IS 

2045
01:42:15,317 --> 01:42:17,619
UNDIAGNOSED IT GOES UNTREAT AND 

2046
01:42:17,619 --> 01:42:24,159
IS A PROBLEM IN OLDER, BLACK AND

2047
01:42:24,159 --> 01:42:27,762
HISPANIC PATIENTS BEING UNDER 

2048
01:42:27,762 --> 01:42:28,029
DIAGNOSED.

2049
01:42:28,029 --> 01:42:30,999
WE ARE ABLE TO CREATE FUNDING 

2050
01:42:30,999 --> 01:42:32,133
OPPORTUNITIES BASED ON THIS 

2051
01:42:32,133 --> 01:42:32,434
INFORMATION.

2052
01:42:32,434 --> 01:42:33,034
SO THE FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 

2053
01:42:33,034 --> 01:42:39,074
NUMBERS ARE ON THE BOTTOM LEFT 

2054
01:42:39,074 --> 01:42:41,977
OF THE SLIDE.

2055
01:42:41,977 --> 01:42:45,113
WE'RE CALLING FOR PRAGMATIC 

2056
01:42:45,113 --> 01:42:45,814
CLINICAL TRIALS TO DETECT 

2057
01:42:45,814 --> 01:42:48,149
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 

2058
01:42:48,149 --> 01:42:48,984
DEMENTIA.

2059
01:42:48,984 --> 01:42:55,323
PROGRAM STAFF CREATED THIS.

2060
01:42:55,323 --> 01:43:00,161
AS A RESULT WE GOT MERITORIOUS 

2061
01:43:00,161 --> 01:43:07,302
APPLICATIONS FOR DETECTING 

2062
01:43:07,302 --> 01:43:12,040
COGNITIVE DEMENTIA AND THE 

2063
01:43:12,040 --> 01:43:13,341
PARADIGMS DIFFER BUT THEY'RE ALL

2064
01:43:13,341 --> 01:43:14,876
RAPID ASSESSMENTS.

2065
01:43:14,876 --> 01:43:15,477
THEY DON'T REQUIRE A LOT OF 

2066
01:43:15,477 --> 01:43:19,314
STAFF TRAINING AND CAN BE DONE 

2067
01:43:19,314 --> 01:43:23,752
IN THE REAL WORLD.

2068
01:43:23,752 --> 01:43:29,524
I'LL HIGHLIGHT ONE CALLED THE 

2069
01:43:29,524 --> 01:43:31,326
5-COG PROVEN TO BE SUCCESSFUL.

2070
01:43:31,326 --> 01:43:36,665
5 REPRESENTS THE ASSESSMENT CAN 

2071
01:43:36,665 --> 01:43:39,134
BE DONE IN FIVE MINUTES IT'S A 

2072
01:43:39,134 --> 01:43:43,338
FAIR DETECTION TOOL THAT USES 

2073
01:43:43,338 --> 01:43:46,107
SIMPLE MATCHING AND THIS WAS A 

2074
01:43:46,107 --> 01:43:54,416
RANDOMIZED TRIAL AND  URBAN CARE

2075
01:43:54,416 --> 01:43:58,119
WITH THOSE OF COGNITIVE CONCERNS

2076
01:43:58,119 --> 01:44:01,022
AND THE DEMENTIA AND CARE 

2077
01:44:01,022 --> 01:44:02,891
ASPECTS OF THE STUDY SHOWING A 

2078
01:44:02,891 --> 01:44:05,060
SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN 

2079
01:44:05,060 --> 01:44:08,163
DETENTION AND EARLY TREATMENT.

2080
01:44:08,163 --> 01:44:10,565
WHAT WE HAVE IS AN 

2081
01:44:10,565 --> 01:44:13,134
EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH THAT'S 

2082
01:44:13,134 --> 01:44:14,869
EQUITABLE FOR DETECTING 

2083
01:44:14,869 --> 01:44:16,371
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 

2084
01:44:16,371 --> 01:44:19,341
DEMENTIA AND CAN BE IMPLEMENTED 

2085
01:44:19,341 --> 01:44:29,651
IN THE REAL WORLD.

2086
01:44:37,425 --> 01:44:41,396
>> PEOPLE WITH PROBABLE 

2087
01:44:41,396 --> 01:44:44,099
ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA AND THE 

2088
01:44:44,099 --> 01:44:50,472
PATHOLOGY IS TYPICALLY MIXED.

2089
01:44:50,472 --> 01:44:57,412
IT'S NOT AN ARCHTYPEAL PATHOLOGY

2090
01:44:57,412 --> 01:45:00,949
AND MIXED PATHOLOGY IS THE RULE 

2091
01:45:00,949 --> 01:45:01,750
NOT THE EXCEPTION.

2092
01:45:01,750 --> 01:45:08,156
SO IN TALKING ABOUT MIXED 

2093
01:45:08,156 --> 01:45:13,361
PATHOLOGY SINCE WE WANTED TO 

2094
01:45:13,361 --> 01:45:15,864
TREAT INDIVIDUALS AND THEY MAY 

2095
01:45:15,864 --> 01:45:17,766
PRESENT SIMILARLY BUT THE 

2096
01:45:17,766 --> 01:45:18,833
PRESENTATION MAY HAVE COMPLEX 

2097
01:45:18,833 --> 01:45:21,002
MIXED PATHOLOGY WE NEED 

2098
01:45:21,002 --> 01:45:22,370
BIOMARKERS TO UNDERSTAND THE 

2099
01:45:22,370 --> 01:45:24,105
DISEASE PROCESS IN THE PEOPLE 

2100
01:45:24,105 --> 01:45:29,411
AND TO BETTER STRATIFY AND 

2101
01:45:29,411 --> 01:45:39,921
INFORM OUR CLINICAL TRIALS 37 

2102
01:45:42,924 --> 01:45:47,929
WE'VE BEEN SUPPORTING BIOMARKER 

2103
01:45:47,929 --> 01:45:56,805
DEVELOPMENT AND WE'VE FOUND GOOD

2104
01:45:56,805 --> 01:45:57,672
BIOMARKERS FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

2105
01:45:57,672 --> 01:46:01,810
PATHOLOGY AND ESPECIALLY THE P 

2106
01:46:01,810 --> 01:46:02,844
TAU BIOMARKERS.

2107
01:46:02,844 --> 01:46:07,916
THIS IS AN AREA WE'VE BEEN 

2108
01:46:07,916 --> 01:46:10,652
FUNDING AND SEEK CONTINUED 

2109
01:46:10,652 --> 01:46:11,653
DEVELOPMENT IN.

2110
01:46:11,653 --> 01:46:17,926
P TAU 217 IS A GOOD PROGNOSTIC 

2111
01:46:17,926 --> 01:46:21,663
BIOMARKER AND COGNITIVELY 

2112
01:46:21,663 --> 01:46:23,598
UNIMPAIRED ADULTS AND HAS A SEX 

2113
01:46:23,598 --> 01:46:27,302
SPECIFICITY WITH AN INDICATOR OF

2114
01:46:27,302 --> 01:46:29,204
DECLINE IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN.

2115
01:46:29,204 --> 01:46:30,305
THE PAPERS HIGHLIGHT THE 

2116
01:46:30,305 --> 01:46:36,177
IMPORTANCE OF LOOKING AT P TAU 

2117
01:46:36,177 --> 01:46:37,846
217 RATIO TO UNPHOSPHORYLATED 

2118
01:46:37,846 --> 01:46:47,922
TAU.

2119
01:46:48,223 --> 01:46:56,231
THEY CAN STREAMLINE GETTING 

2120
01:46:56,231 --> 01:46:57,699
TREATMENT GROUPS BECAUSE OF HOW 

2121
01:46:57,699 --> 01:47:01,369
THEY MIRROR AMYLOID PET POSITIVE

2122
01:47:01,369 --> 01:47:01,603
RESULTS.

2123
01:47:01,603 --> 01:47:03,938
KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION CAN HAVE AN 

2124
01:47:03,938 --> 01:47:06,674
EFFECT IN TAU LEVELS IN BLOOD.

2125
01:47:06,674 --> 01:47:11,146
IF THE RATIO TO P TAU TO 

2126
01:47:11,146 --> 01:47:12,680
UNPHOSPHORYL ATED TAU IS USED IT

2127
01:47:12,680 --> 01:47:15,350
CAN BE USED IN A BIOMARKER IN A 

2128
01:47:15,350 --> 01:47:17,418
COHORT WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF 

2129
01:47:17,418 --> 01:47:20,188
KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION USING THE 

2130
01:47:20,188 --> 01:47:30,698
RATIO INSTEAD OF P-TAU LEVELS.

2131
01:47:31,766 --> 01:47:35,436
AND P TAU 181 CAN BE USED TO 

2132
01:47:35,436 --> 01:47:39,174
IDENTIFY PATIENTS WITH 

2133
01:47:39,174 --> 01:47:40,175
CO-PATHOLOGY.

2134
01:47:40,175 --> 01:47:50,685
AGAIN, HELPING STRATIFY CLIN 

2135
01:47:52,220 --> 01:47:52,620
KRAL TRIALS.

2136
01:47:52,620 --> 01:48:03,064
AND WE'VE BEEN ENTHUSE -- 

2137
01:48:06,734 --> 01:48:09,704
ENTHUSIASTIC AND THERE'S A 

2138
01:48:09,704 --> 01:48:12,173
PRIMARY FUNCTIONAL FORMS IN THE 

2139
01:48:12,173 --> 01:48:13,808
CYTOPLASM.

2140
01:48:13,808 --> 01:48:16,177
YOU GET A LOSS OF FUNCTION.

2141
01:48:16,177 --> 01:48:23,585
IT'S NORMALLY INVOLVED IN 

2142
01:48:23,585 --> 01:48:24,152
SPLICING.

2143
01:48:24,152 --> 01:48:29,357
YOU GET THE INCLUSION OF CRYPTIC

2144
01:48:29,357 --> 01:48:30,925
EXONS.

2145
01:48:30,925 --> 01:48:32,093
TRANSCRIPTS ARE PRODUCED WITH 

2146
01:48:32,093 --> 01:48:36,631
THE EXONS.

2147
01:48:36,631 --> 01:48:42,670
FOR THE MOST PART AND THE RNAs 

2148
01:48:42,670 --> 01:48:44,205
TEND TO BE LESS STABLE BECAUSE 

2149
01:48:44,205 --> 01:48:47,508
OF DECAY BUT THE TRANSCRIPTS CAN

2150
01:48:47,508 --> 01:48:50,745
BE BIOMARKERS BUT IN SOME CASE 

2151
01:48:50,745 --> 01:48:52,680
THE CRYPTIC EXON IS IN FRAME SO 

2152
01:48:52,680 --> 01:48:55,049
THEY CODE AND YOU GET A PROTEIN 

2153
01:48:55,049 --> 01:49:01,356
THAT HAS A CRYPTIC PEPTIDE 

2154
01:49:01,356 --> 01:49:07,428
WITHIN THE PROTEIN.

2155
01:49:07,428 --> 01:49:10,064
AND DISCOVER ANTIBIOTICS FOR 

2156
01:49:10,064 --> 01:49:12,166
DETECTION AND WITH THE PROTEIN 

2157
01:49:12,166 --> 01:49:17,639
THE CRYPTIC EXON IS IN FRAME SO 

2158
01:49:17,639 --> 01:49:22,110
A PROTEIN IS EXPRESSED AND 

2159
01:49:22,110 --> 01:49:25,413
ANTIBODIES THE CRYPTIC PEPTIDE 

2160
01:49:25,413 --> 01:49:29,217
CAN BE USED IN NINDS SUPPORTED 

2161
01:49:29,217 --> 01:49:31,719
RESEARCH TO SEE THIS IN PLAIN 

2162
01:49:31,719 --> 01:49:33,755
TISSUE AND PLASMA AND THIS IS 

2163
01:49:33,755 --> 01:49:34,155
EXCITING.

2164
01:49:34,155 --> 01:49:37,825
THIS DEVELOPMENT BECAUSE IT'S 

2165
01:49:37,825 --> 01:49:41,396
HIGHLY SPECIFIC FOR TBD43 

2166
01:49:41,396 --> 01:49:41,663
PATHOLOGY.

2167
01:49:41,663 --> 01:49:44,933
WE DON'T EXPECT TO SEE THESE 

2168
01:49:44,933 --> 01:49:47,001
CRYPTIC PEPTIDES IN HEALTHY 

2169
01:49:47,001 --> 01:49:47,302
INDIVIDUALS.

2170
01:49:47,302 --> 01:49:48,169
THIS IS SOMETHING WE'RE 

2171
01:49:48,169 --> 01:49:58,713
SUPPORTIVE OF AND WILL CONTINUE.

2172
01:50:01,182 --> 01:50:04,986
WE SUPPORTED MANY PROJECTS AND 

2173
01:50:04,986 --> 01:50:10,692
TECHNOLOGIES IN THIS AREA OF 

2174
01:50:10,692 --> 01:50:21,336
AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS AND THE 

2175
01:50:21,836 --> 01:50:27,909
PROTEIN CAN HAVE A PCR REACTION 

2176
01:50:27,909 --> 01:50:34,048
AND THE LARGER AGGREGATES TO BE 

2177
01:50:34,048 --> 01:50:37,652
DETECTED BY FLUORESCENT DYES FOR

2178
01:50:37,652 --> 01:50:40,088
DETECTING PATHOLOGY FROM CSF.

2179
01:50:40,088 --> 01:50:46,794
HERE'S A COHORT WITH ALZHEIMER'S

2180
01:50:46,794 --> 01:50:53,701
WITH A THIRD BEING DETECTED IN 

2181
01:50:53,701 --> 01:50:56,104
SUCH A COHORT THAT'S INFORMATIVE

2182
01:50:56,104 --> 01:50:56,804
FOR STRATIFYING OUR CLINICAL 

2183
01:50:56,804 --> 01:50:58,539
TRIALS AND DIRECTING TREATMENT 

2184
01:50:58,539 --> 01:51:03,644
TO THE UNDERLYING DISEASE.

2185
01:51:03,644 --> 01:51:13,254
WHAT WE'RE ABLE TO DO  IS SET 

2186
01:51:13,254 --> 01:51:15,056
OUR CLINICAL TRIALS FOR 

2187
01:51:15,056 --> 01:51:16,357
TEMPERATURE AND EFFECTIVE 

2188
01:51:16,357 --> 01:51:20,695
TREATMENTS.

2189
01:51:20,695 --> 01:51:31,172
I'LL TURN IT OVER TO AMBER.

2190
01:51:34,909 --> 01:51:35,843
>> THANK YOU, FRANK.

2191
01:51:35,843 --> 01:51:37,145
THAT SEEMS LOUD.

2192
01:51:37,145 --> 01:51:41,649
I'M GOING TO WRAP UP THE ADRD 

2193
01:51:41,649 --> 01:51:44,552
UPDATE TALK BEING ABOUT THE NEXT

2194
01:51:44,552 --> 01:51:46,821
ADRD SUMMIT THAT IS START BEING 

2195
01:51:46,821 --> 01:51:50,892
TO BE AND IS KICKING OFF RIGHT 

2196
01:51:50,892 --> 01:51:51,292
NOW.

2197
01:51:51,292 --> 01:51:55,530
I'M AN ADRD SCIENTIFIC PROJECT 

2198
01:51:55,530 --> 01:52:02,837
MANAGER AT NINDS.

2199
01:52:02,837 --> 01:52:04,405
THE NEXT SUMMIT WILL BE MARCH 25

2200
01:52:04,405 --> 01:52:07,308
AND 26 THIS IS A SAVE THE DATE 

2201
01:52:07,308 --> 01:52:09,410
SO PLEASE NOTE THESE DATES AND 

2202
01:52:09,410 --> 01:52:13,448
THE MORE INFORMATION WILL BE 

2203
01:52:13,448 --> 01:52:14,248
COMING ZOON AND WE'RE THRILLED 

2204
01:52:14,248 --> 01:52:21,722
TO WORK WITH UCSF AND THE 

2205
01:52:21,722 --> 01:52:24,559
SCIENTIFIC CHAIR AND DR. POSSIN 

2206
01:52:24,559 --> 01:52:33,301
IS PART OF EFFORTS TO ADDRESS 

2207
01:52:33,301 --> 01:52:35,903
DEMENTIA IN EVERYDAY CLINICAL 

2208
01:52:35,903 --> 01:52:36,137
SETTING.

2209
01:52:36,137 --> 01:52:37,205
BECAUSE THE SUMMITS ARE SO 

2210
01:52:37,205 --> 01:52:40,174
IMPORTANT FOR THE PROGRAM I WANT

2211
01:52:40,174 --> 01:52:41,676
TO SPEND MORE TIME EXPLAINING 

2212
01:52:41,676 --> 01:52:45,313
ABOUT THE SUMMITS AND WHAT WE 

2213
01:52:45,313 --> 01:52:48,149
ARE DOING.

2214
01:52:48,149 --> 01:52:49,984
WE HEARD ABOUT THE NINDS 

2215
01:52:49,984 --> 01:52:56,190
COLLABORATION OF THE ASPECTS 

2216
01:52:56,190 --> 01:52:57,892
INCLUDING THE SUMMITS TOGETHER 

2217
01:52:57,892 --> 01:52:59,927
SHAPE NATIONAL RESEARCH 

2218
01:52:59,927 --> 01:53:01,596
PRIORITIES FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

2219
01:53:01,596 --> 01:53:03,498
DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

2220
01:53:03,498 --> 01:53:04,899
RELATED RESEARCH.

2221
01:53:04,899 --> 01:53:07,301
THERE ARE THREE SUMMITS.

2222
01:53:07,301 --> 01:53:09,003
NIA LEADS THE SUMMIT AND THE 

2223
01:53:09,003 --> 01:53:13,808
NEXT IS IN A FEW WEEKS.

2224
01:53:13,808 --> 01:53:15,376
YOU COULD FIND IT ONLINE.

2225
01:53:15,376 --> 01:53:17,945
I DON'T HAVE THE DETAILS HERE.

2226
01:53:17,945 --> 01:53:19,981
THEY ALSO LEAD THE CARE SERVICES

2227
01:53:19,981 --> 01:53:23,918
AND SUPPORT SUMMIT WHICH 

2228
01:53:23,918 --> 01:53:27,922
HAPPENED LAST YEAR RECENTLY AND 

2229
01:53:27,922 --> 01:53:29,724
NINDS LEADS THE ALZHEIMER'S 

2230
01:53:29,724 --> 01:53:32,226
DISEASE RELATED DEMENTIA SUMMIT.

2231
01:53:32,226 --> 01:53:36,164
THE TOPICS OF THE SUMMITS HAVE 

2232
01:53:36,164 --> 01:53:37,098
BEEN OVER ARCHING INCLUDING 

2233
01:53:37,098 --> 01:53:41,536
MIXED DEMENTIAS AND 

2234
01:53:41,536 --> 01:53:41,869
NOMENCLATURE.

2235
01:53:41,869 --> 01:53:45,039
IN 2022 WE HAD A SESSION ON THE 

2236
01:53:45,039 --> 01:53:51,212
IMPACT MUCH COVID-19 IN AD AND 

2237
01:53:51,212 --> 01:53:52,146
RD.

2238
01:53:52,146 --> 01:53:56,984
THERE'S DISEASE SPECIFIC 

2239
01:53:56,984 --> 01:53:59,554
SESSIONS ON CONTRIBUTION TO 

2240
01:53:59,554 --> 01:54:00,154
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND 

2241
01:54:00,154 --> 01:54:04,292
DEMENTIA AND AD RD SESSIONS 

2242
01:54:04,292 --> 01:54:05,826
CLUCKED ON

2243
01:54:13,167 --> 01:54:15,336
SESSIONS ON TD43 AND THE SUMMIT 

2244
01:54:15,336 --> 01:54:19,273
TAKES PLACE OVER ABOUT A 

2245
01:54:19,273 --> 01:54:20,174
SEVEN-MONTH PERIOD WITH THINK 

2246
01:54:20,174 --> 01:54:22,443
TANK STYLE PROCESS WHERE 

2247
01:54:22,443 --> 01:54:25,546
COMMITTEES MEET AND RE-EVALUATE 

2248
01:54:25,546 --> 01:54:28,115
THE MILESTONES THAT ARE EXISTING

2249
01:54:28,115 --> 01:54:30,051
AND COME UP WITH DRAFT RESEARCH 

2250
01:54:30,051 --> 01:54:36,724
RECOMMENDATIONS PRESENTED AT THE

2251
01:54:36,724 --> 01:54:40,695
ADRD SUMMIT FOR INPUT.

2252
01:54:40,695 --> 01:54:42,897
THE RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 

2253
01:54:42,897 --> 01:54:45,066
BECOME PART OF THE NATIONAL 

2254
01:54:45,066 --> 01:54:45,733
PLAN.

2255
01:54:45,733 --> 01:54:51,205
AND IN 2022 THERE WERE 52 ADRD 

2256
01:54:51,205 --> 01:54:51,772
RESEARCH MILESTONES IN THE 

2257
01:54:51,772 --> 01:55:01,182
NATIONAL PLAN.

2258
01:55:01,182 --> 01:55:02,183
THIS IS AN ORGANIZATIONAL 

2259
01:55:02,183 --> 01:55:05,186
STRUCTURE HOW WE APPROACH THE 

2260
01:55:05,186 --> 01:55:05,419
SUMMIT.

2261
01:55:05,419 --> 01:55:08,155
I'M SHOWING HERE FOR THE 2022 

2262
01:55:08,155 --> 01:55:11,025
SUMMIT WHY WILL TAKE THE SAME 

2263
01:55:11,025 --> 01:55:13,594
STRATEGY NOW WITH 2025 SUMMIT 

2264
01:55:13,594 --> 01:55:15,630
THE MILESTONES THAT WERE 

2265
01:55:15,630 --> 01:55:18,866
EXISTING FROM THE 2019 SUMMIT 

2266
01:55:18,866 --> 01:55:21,502
WERE TAKEN UP BY SEVEN DIFFERENT

2267
01:55:21,502 --> 01:55:25,539
COMMITTEES THAT RE-EVALUATED THE

2268
01:55:25,539 --> 01:55:28,175
MILESTONES TO MAKE UPDATES ON 

2269
01:55:28,175 --> 01:55:31,445
THE ANALYSES DISCUSSION AND FOR 

2270
01:55:31,445 --> 01:55:32,079
CONSIDERATION OF SCIENTIFIC 

2271
01:55:32,079 --> 01:55:35,049
ADVANCES AND WE HAD A NEW 

2272
01:55:35,049 --> 01:55:36,851
SESSION ON COVID-19 THAT WAS AN 

2273
01:55:36,851 --> 01:55:38,352
EMERGING TOPIC THAT WAS COVERED 

2274
01:55:38,352 --> 01:55:39,587
DURING THE SUMMIT.

2275
01:55:39,587 --> 01:55:44,659
THESE WERE PRESENTED AS DRAFT 

2276
01:55:44,659 --> 01:55:46,327
RECOMMENDATIONS AND BEFORE THEY 

2277
01:55:46,327 --> 01:55:49,630
WERE FINALIZED.

2278
01:55:49,630 --> 01:55:54,001
THE FINALIZED MILESTONES YOU CAN

2279
01:55:54,001 --> 01:55:56,170
READ IN THE REPORT WITH THE QR 

2280
01:55:56,170 --> 01:55:57,438
CODE.

2281
01:55:57,438 --> 01:56:01,442
ALL THE MILESTONES IN THE 

2282
01:56:01,442 --> 01:56:03,244
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE REPORT 

2283
01:56:03,244 --> 01:56:07,281
REPRESENT IMPORTANT ADRD 

2284
01:56:07,281 --> 01:56:07,682
PRIORITIES.

2285
01:56:07,682 --> 01:56:09,550
BECAUSE OF THE APPROACH WE TAKE 

2286
01:56:09,550 --> 01:56:12,920
A FACT OF CONSENSUS BUILDING 

2287
01:56:12,920 --> 01:56:14,121
PROCESS THESE ARE NATIONAL 

2288
01:56:14,121 --> 01:56:16,157
PRIORITIES THAT REPRESENT THE 

2289
01:56:16,157 --> 01:56:26,567
TOP GOALS IN THE FIELD.

2290
01:56:30,905 --> 01:56:36,043
AND THE ADRD BUDGETS AND 

2291
01:56:36,043 --> 01:56:38,312
CORRESPONDING BUDGETS AS THEY 

2292
01:56:38,312 --> 01:56:43,050
BECOME AVAILABLE FROM CONGRESS.

2293
01:56:43,050 --> 01:56:46,821
I'LL END WITH SOME OF THE 

2294
01:56:46,821 --> 01:56:50,591
DETAILS WITH ALL OF THE OPEN 

2295
01:56:50,591 --> 01:56:51,792
NINDS-LED ADRD FUNDING 

2296
01:56:51,792 --> 01:56:54,095
OPPORTUNITIES AND A COUPLE 

2297
01:56:54,095 --> 01:56:54,595
APPROVED CONCEPTS.

2298
01:56:54,595 --> 01:56:56,764
YOU DON'T HAVE TO REMEMBER ALL 

2299
01:56:56,764 --> 01:56:57,598
OF THIS.

2300
01:56:57,598 --> 01:56:58,299
THERE'S ALL THE FUNDING 

2301
01:56:58,299 --> 01:57:01,702
OPPORTUNITIES ARE ON OUR WEBSITE

2302
01:57:01,702 --> 01:57:04,772
AND I'LL GIVE A QR CODE AND LINK

2303
01:57:04,772 --> 01:57:08,142
IN A COUPLE SLIDES.

2304
01:57:08,142 --> 01:57:10,878
THERE ARE THREE TRAINING FUNDING

2305
01:57:10,878 --> 01:57:11,212
OPPORTUNITIES.

2306
01:57:11,212 --> 01:57:14,014
TWO K99s AND ADMINISTRATIVE 

2307
01:57:14,014 --> 01:57:18,519
SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM.

2308
01:57:18,519 --> 01:57:23,224
WE HAVE EIGHT DISEASE MECHANISMS

2309
01:57:23,224 --> 01:57:24,024
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES AND SOME 

2310
01:57:24,024 --> 01:57:29,397
ARE FOR VASCULAR DEMENTIA FOR 

2311
01:57:29,397 --> 01:57:39,940
LEWY BODY DEMENTIA AND SOME ARE 

2312
01:57:40,241 --> 01:57:46,514
CROSS-CUTTING.

2313
01:57:46,514 --> 01:57:48,048
THERE'S ONE RESEARCH RESOURCE 

2314
01:57:48,048 --> 01:57:50,050
AND FOUR CLINICAL TRIAL FUNDING 

2315
01:57:50,050 --> 01:57:58,926
OPPORTUNITIES.

2316
01:57:58,926 --> 01:58:06,434
THE OF THE OF THE INVESTIGATOR 

2317
01:58:06,434 --> 01:58:10,104
INITIATED RESEARCH IS WELCOME 

2318
01:58:10,104 --> 01:58:11,372
AND THERE'S NO SPECIAL FUNDING 

2319
01:58:11,372 --> 01:58:14,241
OPPORTUNITY NEEDED TO APPLY FOR 

2320
01:58:14,241 --> 01:58:17,945
THE CONSIDERATION FOR THE 

2321
01:58:17,945 --> 01:58:22,550
SPECIAL PAY LINE FOR ALL 

2322
01:58:22,550 --> 01:58:23,851
SERVICES RELATED TO DEMENTIA 

2323
01:58:23,851 --> 01:58:24,084
GRANTS.

2324
01:58:24,084 --> 01:58:29,523
SO YOU CAN COME IN UNDER THE 

2325
01:58:29,523 --> 01:58:37,765
PARENT RO1 AND SPECIAL PAY LINE 

2326
01:58:37,765 --> 01:58:39,066
APPLIES.

2327
01:58:39,066 --> 01:58:43,103
WE TALKED HOW THE NINDS ADRD 

2328
01:58:43,103 --> 01:58:43,671
PROGRAM HOPEFULLY GUIDES 

2329
01:58:43,671 --> 01:58:47,174
RESEARCH AND CONTRIBUTES TO NEW 

2330
01:58:47,174 --> 01:58:49,210
ADVANCES AND ADVANCED 

2331
01:58:49,210 --> 01:58:51,178
UNDERSTANDING TOWARDS 

2332
01:58:51,178 --> 01:58:51,512
INTERVENTIONS.

2333
01:58:51,512 --> 01:58:55,149
WE ISSUED MORE THAN 100 FUNDING 

2334
01:58:55,149 --> 01:58:58,419
ANNOUNCEMENTS AND THERE'S ABOUT 

2335
01:58:58,419 --> 01:59:01,589
15 MORE IN PHYSICAL '25 INVITING

2336
01:59:01,589 --> 01:59:04,091
APPLICATION TO FILL CRITICAL 

2337
01:59:04,091 --> 01:59:06,193
NEEDS.

2338
01:59:06,193 --> 01:59:07,094
WE'VE SEEN FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S 

2339
01:59:07,094 --> 01:59:08,529
DISEASE RELATED FUNDING WE'VE 

2340
01:59:08,529 --> 01:59:11,699
SEEN AN INCREASE OF MORE THAN 

2341
01:59:11,699 --> 01:59:14,869
SEVEN FOLD SINCE 2015.

2342
01:59:14,869 --> 01:59:17,905
MARCH 25, 26 IS THE SUMMIT AT 

2343
01:59:17,905 --> 01:59:21,876
NIH AND ALSO ONLINE.

2344
01:59:21,876 --> 01:59:24,912
HERE'S THE QR CODE FOR OUR WEB 

2345
01:59:24,912 --> 01:59:27,848
PAGE WHERE WE KEEP A LIST OF THE

2346
01:59:27,848 --> 01:59:29,250
APPROVED FUNDING CONCEPTS AND 

2347
01:59:29,250 --> 01:59:31,085
PUBLISHED FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENTS 

2348
01:59:31,085 --> 01:59:36,156
AND YOU CAN GO TO THE SITE OR 

2349
01:59:36,156 --> 01:59:37,825
E-MAIL TO JOIN THE LIST SERVE 

2350
01:59:37,825 --> 01:59:40,394
AND GET E-MAILS AS THE 

2351
01:59:40,394 --> 01:59:41,562
ANNOUNCEMENTS BECOME PUBLISHED 

2352
01:59:41,562 --> 01:59:43,130
WE'LL SHARE THEM WITH YOU.

2353
01:59:43,130 --> 01:59:49,336
AND I'M GOING TO GO TO A FINAL 

2354
01:59:49,336 --> 01:59:51,805
SLIDE THAT SHOWS THE SPECIAL 

2355
01:59:51,805 --> 01:59:54,308
SIZE OF THIS PROGRAM.

2356
01:59:54,308 --> 01:59:56,844
WE WORK WITH ALMOST EVERY 

2357
01:59:56,844 --> 02:00:00,147
PROGRAM DIRECTOR AT NINDS AND WE

2358
02:00:00,147 --> 02:00:02,816
WERE SO GRATEFUL FOR THE TEAM 

2359
02:00:02,816 --> 02:00:06,654
EFFORT THAT WE HAVE HERE.

2360
02:00:06,654 --> 02:00:09,590
NINDS AND LEADERSHIP AND STAFF 

2361
02:00:09,590 --> 02:00:10,424
WORK TOGETHER.

2362
02:00:10,424 --> 02:00:17,965
PEOPLE IN THE BOLD ARE THE 

2363
02:00:17,965 --> 02:00:19,466
COORDINATING UNIT MEMBERS AND 

2364
02:00:19,466 --> 02:00:20,968
WE'RE GRATEFUL FOR THEIR EFFORTS

2365
02:00:20,968 --> 02:00:23,470
AND EVERYONE ELSE LISTED HERE 

2366
02:00:23,470 --> 02:00:25,205
AND I'M SURE I MISSED SOME 

2367
02:00:25,205 --> 02:00:30,711
PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON ALL ASPECTS

2368
02:00:30,711 --> 02:00:34,748
OF THESE TOGETHER.

2369
02:00:34,748 --> 02:00:36,150
IF I CAN GO BACKWARDS -- TOO 

2370
02:00:36,150 --> 02:00:40,988
FAR.

2371
02:00:40,988 --> 02:00:42,756
PUT BACK THE QR CODE TO GO TO 

2372
02:00:42,756 --> 02:00:44,992
OUR WEBSITE WITH THE CONTACT 

2373
02:00:44,992 --> 02:00:46,994
INFORMATION AND FUNDING 

2374
02:00:46,994 --> 02:00:47,328
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

2375
02:00:47,328 --> 02:00:49,430
WE'RE HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS.

2376
02:00:49,430 --> 02:00:52,166
I CAN ALSO SHARE PDF OF THE 

2377
02:00:52,166 --> 02:00:53,367
SLIDES SO PLEASE DO ASK.

2378
02:00:53,367 --> 02:00:56,170
>> I THINK WE GIVE THEM
THE 

2379
02:00:56,170 --> 02:00:56,403
SLIDES.

2380
02:00:56,403 --> 02:00:57,338
JUST BEFORE WE GET TO THE 

2381
02:00:57,338 --> 02:01:00,174
QUESTIONS I WANT TO PUT THIS IN 

2382
02:01:00,174 --> 02:01:00,841
CONTEXT.

2383
02:01:00,841 --> 02:01:03,911
WE HAVE THESE THREE 

2384
02:01:03,911 --> 02:01:05,879
CONGRESSIONALLY MANDATED 

2385
02:01:05,879 --> 02:01:08,749
PROGRAMS, ADRD AND HEAL AND 

2386
02:01:08,749 --> 02:01:11,385
BRAIN AND SINCE THEY INVOLVE 

2387
02:01:11,385 --> 02:01:13,087
CONSIDERABLE MONIES WE LIKE TO 

2388
02:01:13,087 --> 02:01:19,059
COME IN AND DO THIS SO FOLKS 

2389
02:01:19,059 --> 02:01:19,960
KNOW.

2390
02:01:19,960 --> 02:01:26,100
>> HOW ONE CONTINUES TO
JUSTIFY 

2391
02:01:26,100 --> 02:01:30,304
IN THE PARKINSON'S RELATED 

2392
02:01:30,304 --> 02:01:35,009
DEMENTIA WHEN YOU SHOWED OVERLAP

2393
02:01:35,009 --> 02:01:45,552
IN COMORBIDITY AND DIFFERENT 

2394
02:01:58,532 --> 02:01:59,133
OPATHIES.

2395
02:01:59,133 --> 02:02:01,235
>> THOSE RELEVANT TO
PARKINSON'S

2396
02:02:01,235 --> 02:02:11,779
DISEASE ARE FREQUENTLY COVERED.

2397
02:02:21,488 --> 02:02:24,158
THERE'S BASIC BIOLOGY AND 

2398
02:02:24,158 --> 02:02:28,629
MECHANISM WE DO FUND.

2399
02:02:28,629 --> 02:02:33,600
>> LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
INCLUDES 

2400
02:02:33,600 --> 02:02:38,405
PARKINSON'S DEMENTIA AND LEWY 

2401
02:02:38,405 --> 02:02:38,605
BODY.

2402
02:02:38,605 --> 02:02:39,673
>> I THINK WHEN YOU HAVE 

2403
02:02:39,673 --> 02:02:41,341
SUCCESSES YOU NEED TO TALK ABOUT

2404
02:02:41,341 --> 02:02:41,675
IT.

2405
02:02:41,675 --> 02:02:43,544
I THINK THE SUCCESS IN 

2406
02:02:43,544 --> 02:02:44,144
BIOMARKERS IS EXTRAORDINARY.

2407
02:02:44,144 --> 02:02:48,148
THE WAY PLASMA-BASED BIOMARKERS 

2408
02:02:48,148 --> 02:02:52,086
HAVE ALREADY CHANGED THE GAME 

2409
02:02:52,086 --> 02:02:55,989
CLINICALLY IS EXTRAORDINARY.

2410
02:02:55,989 --> 02:02:58,125
AS MARKERS AND SITUATION MARKERS

2411
02:02:58,125 --> 02:03:01,095
MAKE THEIR WAY IN THE SPACE THE 

2412
02:03:01,095 --> 02:03:01,829
ABILITY TO HAVE PRECISION 

2413
02:03:01,829 --> 02:03:04,364
DIAGNOSIS MAKING AN IMPACT IS 

2414
02:03:04,364 --> 02:03:06,533
HUGE.

2415
02:03:06,533 --> 02:03:06,900
A GREAT SUCCESS.

2416
02:03:06,900 --> 02:03:08,168
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
FEEDBACK.

2417
02:03:08,168 --> 02:03:09,503
AND WE'LL WORK ON SELLING IT 

2418
02:03:09,503 --> 02:03:20,047
BETTER BECAUSE I'M EXCITED TOO.

2419
02:03:30,424 --> 02:03:35,329
>> I TAUGHT WHITE MATTER 

2420
02:03:35,329 --> 02:03:37,397
INTENSITIES WERE FRECKLES AND 

2421
02:03:37,397 --> 02:03:38,265
I'LL EXCITED WHERE WE'RE HEADED 

2422
02:03:38,265 --> 02:03:48,609
SO CONGRATULATIONS.

2423
02:03:49,777 --> 02:03:52,012
>> I WOULD UNDER SCORE THE

2424
02:03:52,012 --> 02:03:54,648
PROGRESS IN THE BIOMARKER 

2425
02:03:54,648 --> 02:03:55,516
DEVELOPMENT.

2426
02:03:55,516 --> 02:03:56,984
THE DATA JUST SHOWN RECORDING 

2427
02:03:56,984 --> 02:04:01,855
SPLICING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE 

2428
02:04:01,855 --> 02:04:03,724
ASSESSMENT ARE TRANSFORMATIONAL 

2429
02:04:03,724 --> 02:04:08,028
IN ALS AND ALS RELATED FTD.

2430
02:04:08,028 --> 02:04:10,430
IT ILLUSTRATES ANOTHER POINT 

2431
02:04:10,430 --> 02:04:12,566
WHICH IS HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO 

2432
02:04:12,566 --> 02:04:13,433
GET BRILLIANT INVESTIGATORS IN 

2433
02:04:13,433 --> 02:04:16,170
THE FIELD AND REFLECTS THE 

2434
02:04:16,170 --> 02:04:20,040
RECRUITMENT OF MICHAEL WARD WHO 

2435
02:04:20,040 --> 02:04:25,646
JUST HAD A HUGE IMPACT AND MARKS

2436
02:04:25,646 --> 02:04:28,515
THE START OF A NEW TYPE OF 

2437
02:04:28,515 --> 02:04:32,052
BIOMARKER AND WE'RE ALL GRATEFUL

2438
02:04:32,052 --> 02:04:40,160
FOR THAT.

2439
02:04:40,160 --> 02:04:41,762
>> WE'RE A TOUCH OVER BUT
WE 

2440
02:04:41,762 --> 02:04:44,164
CHECKED WITH OUR NEXT SPEAKER 

2441
02:04:44,164 --> 02:04:47,701
AND WE'LL BE STARTING AT 1:15 

2442
02:04:47,701 --> 02:04:50,070
INSTEAD OF 1:00 AND EVERYTHING'S

2443
02:04:50,070 --> 02:04:52,372
OKAY, RIGHT, TIM?

2444
02:04:52,372 --> 02:04:52,806
OKAY.

2445
02:04:52,806 --> 02:04:55,008
WITH THAT I WANT TO THANK 

2446
02:04:55,008 --> 02:04:57,144
EVERYONE FOR THE MORNING SESSION

2447
02:04:57,144 --> 02:05:01,148
AND WE'RE ADJOURNED FOR LUNCH 

2448
02:05:01,148 --> 02:05:05,673
AND SEE YOU BACK AT 1:15.

2449
02:05:05,673 --> 02:05:08,943
PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE 

2450
02:05:08,943 --> 02:05:15,683
FYODOR URNOV AT THE INNOVATIVE 

2451
02:05:15,683 --> 02:05:17,952
GENOMICS INSTITUTE AND PIONEER 

2452
02:05:17,952 --> 02:05:19,220
IN THE THERAPEUTIC FIELD OF 

2453
02:05:19,220 --> 02:05:22,923
GENOME EDITING, ADVANCING 

2454
02:05:22,923 --> 02:05:24,692
TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENOME EDITING 

2455
02:05:24,692 --> 02:05:26,794
AND PUSHING TECHNOLOGIES TO HOW 

2456
02:05:26,794 --> 02:05:30,931
IT CAN SOLVE REAL-WORLD PROBLEMS

2457
02:05:30,931 --> 02:05:34,368
AND HE WAS ABLE TO REALLY MAKE A

2458
02:05:34,368 --> 02:05:36,337
GREAT CONTRIBUTION IN OUR 

2459
02:05:36,337 --> 02:05:44,111
GENETICS AND GENOMICS AND 

2460
02:05:44,111 --> 02:05:47,414
EPILEPSY MEETING AND ASKED HIM 

2461
02:05:47,414 --> 02:05:49,216
TO COME AND TALK ABOUT THE 

2462
02:05:49,216 --> 02:05:53,854
GENOMICS INSTITUTE AND THE 

2463
02:05:53,854 --> 02:06:00,094
RECENT REPORT THEY PUT OUT IN 

2464
02:06:00,094 --> 02:06:03,497
HOW WE CAN SCALE UP TECHNOLOGIES

2465
02:06:03,497 --> 02:06:04,598
FOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND 

2466
02:06:04,598 --> 02:06:08,602
THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF THEM AND 

2467
02:06:08,602 --> 02:06:12,106
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE.

2468
02:06:12,106 --> 02:06:15,042
AS I SAID BEFORE THE USUAL SMALL

2469
02:06:15,042 --> 02:06:16,110
MOLECULE COMMERCIAL MODEL MAY 

2470
02:06:16,110 --> 02:06:18,412
NOT BE WHAT WE NEED AND THERE 

2471
02:06:18,412 --> 02:06:24,084
MIGHT BE OPTIONS THAT ARE BETTER

2472
02:06:24,084 --> 02:06:30,391
BUT HOW TO GET THOSE INTO 

2473
02:06:30,391 --> 02:06:33,394
PRACTICE IS STILL EARLY STAGE.

2474
02:06:33,394 --> 02:06:36,497
I KNOW FYODOR AND THE IGI GROUP 

2475
02:06:36,497 --> 02:06:37,765
HAVE BEEN THINKING ABOUT THIS 

2476
02:06:37,765 --> 02:06:39,333
AND WANTED TO HEAR THEIR 

2477
02:06:39,333 --> 02:06:39,633
THOUGHTS.

2478
02:06:39,633 --> 02:06:41,936
IT'S A REAL PLEASURE TO HAVE YOU

2479
02:06:41,936 --> 02:06:45,573
AND LET'S GET INTO IT.

2480
02:06:45,573 --> 02:06:48,108
>> THANK YOU, DR.
KOROSHETZ.

2481
02:06:48,108 --> 02:06:50,511
IT'S A HUMBLING EXPERIENCE TO 

2482
02:06:50,511 --> 02:06:52,046
REPRESENT TWO INSTITUTIONS AT 

2483
02:06:52,046 --> 02:06:56,083
THE INNOVATIVE GENOMICS 

2484
02:06:56,083 --> 02:06:57,851
INSTITUTE I'M IN AND OF COURSE 

2485
02:06:57,851 --> 02:07:02,990
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

2486
02:07:02,990 --> 02:07:08,762
THIS WILL NOT BE A MERE UPDATE 

2487
02:07:08,762 --> 02:07:11,432
IN THE CRISPR SPACE, AND I'LL 

2488
02:07:11,432 --> 02:07:14,735
ARGUE WE'RE IN A UNIQUE POSITION

2489
02:07:14,735 --> 02:07:15,970
TO HAVE THE FEDERAL SECTOR MAKE 

2490
02:07:15,970 --> 02:07:19,406
AN ENABLING IMPACT ON THE ACCESS

2491
02:07:19,406 --> 02:07:23,077
TO GENETIC MEDICINES FOR GENETIC

2492
02:07:23,077 --> 02:07:24,411
DISEASES AND NEWER GENETIC 

2493
02:07:24,411 --> 02:07:27,247
DISEASES ARE AT THE FRONT OF AND

2494
02:07:27,247 --> 02:07:29,883
I THINK NINDS IS IN A UNIQUE 

2495
02:07:29,883 --> 02:07:31,852
POSITION TO CONTINUE TO MAKE THE

2496
02:07:31,852 --> 02:07:34,722
IMPACT IT HAS AND HAVE THE 

2497
02:07:34,722 --> 02:07:35,856
IMPACT GROW.

2498
02:07:35,856 --> 02:07:39,193
I'LL CLOSE IN ABOUT 15 MINUTES 

2499
02:07:39,193 --> 02:07:44,465
WITH ACTIONABLE NEXT STEPS.

2500
02:07:44,465 --> 02:07:49,970
THEY'LL BE NEXT STEPS.

2501
02:07:49,970 --> 02:07:56,343
THE WORK BEGAN IN 1994 IN 1995 

2502
02:07:56,343 --> 02:08:00,748
WITH MY COLLEAGUES SHOWED IT CAN

2503
02:08:00,748 --> 02:08:04,084
WORK FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES 

2504
02:08:04,084 --> 02:08:08,522
AND THEY INVENTED CRISPR GENE 

2505
02:08:08,522 --> 02:08:10,658
EDITING AND IN 2023 WE HAVE OUR 

2506
02:08:10,658 --> 02:08:13,427
FIRST CRISPR APPROVED MEDICINE 

2507
02:08:13,427 --> 02:08:17,464
FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND 

2508
02:08:17,464 --> 02:08:18,432
VICTORIA GRAY WAS THE FIRST 

2509
02:08:18,432 --> 02:08:21,168
HUMAN BEING ON THE TRIAL.

2510
02:08:21,168 --> 02:08:21,869
UNFORTUNATELY, AND I KNOW I 

2511
02:08:21,869 --> 02:08:24,104
DON'T WANT TO BE A DEBBIE DOWNER

2512
02:08:24,104 --> 02:08:28,242
BUT I WANT TO BE DEBBIE REALIST,

2513
02:08:28,242 --> 02:08:31,445
DESPITE THAT MARVELOUS ADVANCE 

2514
02:08:31,445 --> 02:08:33,881
THE CRISPR POTENTIAL TO TREAT 

2515
02:08:33,881 --> 02:08:34,915
GENETIC DISEASE IS UNDER THREAT 

2516
02:08:34,915 --> 02:08:37,351
AND TELL YOU WHAT THAT IS AND 

2517
02:08:37,351 --> 02:08:40,587
WHAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND 

2518
02:08:40,587 --> 02:08:42,723
SPECIFICALLY THE NIH AND NINDS 

2519
02:08:42,723 --> 02:08:45,325
CAN DO TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

2520
02:08:45,325 --> 02:08:48,128
WE GET E-MAILS LIKE THIS I GET 

2521
02:08:48,128 --> 02:08:58,439
ONE OR TWO A DAY.

2522
02:09:00,140 --> 02:09:06,213
THEY SHARED WORK WITH MY SISTER,

2523
02:09:06,213 --> 02:09:07,347
MARY.

2524
02:09:07,347 --> 02:09:15,889
SHE HAS A RARE GENETIC MUTATION 

2525
02:09:15,889 --> 02:09:18,926
AND HER SISTER IS INTERESTED 

2526
02:09:18,926 --> 02:09:20,494
WHETHER SHE COULD BE A SUBJECT 

2527
02:09:20,494 --> 02:09:21,428
FOR CRISPR.

2528
02:09:21,428 --> 02:09:23,964
UNDER THE STATUS QUO THE CHANCES

2529
02:09:23,964 --> 02:09:27,568
OF THIS HUMAN BEING RECEIVING A 

2530
02:09:27,568 --> 02:09:29,870
THERAPY BEFORE SHE LOSES HER 

2531
02:09:29,870 --> 02:09:31,905
MOTOR FUNCTION THE CHANCES OF 

2532
02:09:31,905 --> 02:09:34,208
GETTING AN ATTEMPT WITH CRISPR 

2533
02:09:34,208 --> 02:09:37,411
IS ZERO AND NOTHING TO DO WITH 

2534
02:09:37,411 --> 02:09:39,046
THE TECHNICAL ISSUES, THEY'RE 

2535
02:09:39,046 --> 02:09:39,913
LOGISTICAL AND COMMERCIAL.

2536
02:09:39,913 --> 02:09:41,548
THIS IS WHERE THE FEDERAL SECTOR

2537
02:09:41,548 --> 02:09:43,984
CAN PLAY A UNIQUE ROLE AS I'M 

2538
02:09:43,984 --> 02:09:45,552
ABOUT TO EXPLAIN.

2539
02:09:45,552 --> 02:09:48,088
OVER THE NEXT FEW MINUTES I'LL 

2540
02:09:48,088 --> 02:09:56,463
TELL YOU DRIVERS OF PROGRESS OF 

2541
02:09:56,463 --> 02:09:58,332
CRISPR FOR RARE DISEASES COME 

2542
02:09:58,332 --> 02:10:00,234
FROM SIX INTERLOCKED COMPONENTS.

2543
02:10:00,234 --> 02:10:04,104
THE PUBLIC SECTOR EFFORT 

2544
02:10:04,104 --> 02:10:05,639
CONNECTED TO PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

2545
02:10:05,639 --> 02:10:08,108
PARTNERSHIPS WHERE THE TOOLBOX 

2546
02:10:08,108 --> 02:10:13,781
OF EDITING ARE IMPROVED AND 

2547
02:10:13,781 --> 02:10:16,150
CREATES A TRACK RECORD WITH APPS

2548
02:10:16,150 --> 02:10:18,485
TO LICENSURE AND APPROVAL.

2549
02:10:18,485 --> 02:10:20,621
I'LL WALK THROUGH EXAMPLES.

2550
02:10:20,621 --> 02:10:22,456
LET'S START WITH THESE THREE AND

2551
02:10:22,456 --> 02:10:25,359
START WITH A FLAGSHIP PROGRAM ON

2552
02:10:25,359 --> 02:10:27,928
PLANET EARTH FOR CRISPR CURES.

2553
02:10:27,928 --> 02:10:28,796
THERE'S NO OTHER PROGRAM LIKE 

2554
02:10:28,796 --> 02:10:30,197
THIS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD AND 

2555
02:10:30,197 --> 02:10:35,235
HAPPENS TO BE OUT OF THE NINDS 

2556
02:10:35,235 --> 02:10:37,137
AND THE SOMATIC CONSORTIUM AND 

2557
02:10:37,137 --> 02:10:39,940
FIVE TEAMS IN THE UNITED STATES 

2558
02:10:39,940 --> 02:10:44,845
HAVE BEEN FUNDED BY THE NIH WITH

2559
02:10:44,845 --> 02:10:46,213
NINDS AND DR. KOROSHETZ BEING 

2560
02:10:46,213 --> 02:10:48,882
THE LEAD AND M CATS FOR YOUR 

2561
02:10:48,882 --> 02:10:51,151
STEWARDSHIP ON THE PROGRAM.

2562
02:10:51,151 --> 02:10:52,686
FIVE ACADEMIC TEAMS HAVE BEEN 

2563
02:10:52,686 --> 02:10:56,156
FUNDED TO TAKE CRISPR CURES TO 

2564
02:10:56,156 --> 02:10:58,425
THE CLINIC IN PLATFORM MODES SO 

2565
02:10:58,425 --> 02:11:00,327
IT'S A RISING TIDE THAT LIFTS 

2566
02:11:00,327 --> 02:11:01,161
OTHER BOATS.

2567
02:11:01,161 --> 02:11:02,429
I'LL REVIEW WHAT THEY'RE ABOUT 

2568
02:11:02,429 --> 02:11:04,731
TO GIVE YOU A FLAVOR OF WHAT WE 

2569
02:11:04,731 --> 02:11:08,101
CAN EXPECT FROM THIS 

2570
02:11:08,101 --> 02:11:09,303
FEDERALLY-FUNDED EFFORT AND HOW 

2571
02:11:09,303 --> 02:11:15,742
TO LEVERAGE AND EXPAND THE 

2572
02:11:15,742 --> 02:11:16,009
FOOTPRINT.

2573
02:11:16,009 --> 02:11:19,279
THE GOME IS TO CREATE A DOUBLE 

2574
02:11:19,279 --> 02:11:22,482
STRAND BREAK TO TREAT HUNTING 

2575
02:11:22,482 --> 02:11:24,051
TONS DISEASE AND ALS.

2576
02:11:24,051 --> 02:11:26,587
HOW DO YOU USE A DOUBLE-STRAND 

2577
02:11:26,587 --> 02:11:27,788
BREAK FOR THAT?

2578
02:11:27,788 --> 02:11:29,089
I'LL WALK YOU THROUGH WHAT'S 

2579
02:11:29,089 --> 02:11:30,357
BEEN USED CLINICALLY AND GIVE A 

2580
02:11:30,357 --> 02:11:32,159
SENSE WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO 

2581
02:11:32,159 --> 02:11:33,994
AND WHAT THE EXPANSION OF THE 

2582
02:11:33,994 --> 02:11:36,096
EFFORT COULD LOOK LIKE.

2583
02:11:36,096 --> 02:11:39,266
AS INVENTED, THE REMARKABLE KAS 

2584
02:11:39,266 --> 02:11:45,172
9 CAN BE ROUTED BY BEING ARMED 

2585
02:11:45,172 --> 02:11:49,209
WITHIN AN RNA MOLECULE, 

2586
02:11:49,209 --> 02:11:51,812
NUCLEOTIDE THE LOCATION CODE 

2587
02:11:51,812 --> 02:11:53,580
WHERE BASE PAIRING WILL BE ABLE 

2588
02:11:53,580 --> 02:11:57,351
TO FIND ITS TARGET AND CREATE A 

2589
02:11:57,351 --> 02:11:57,985
DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK.

2590
02:11:57,985 --> 02:12:03,657
YOU GET INSERTIONS AND DELETIONS

2591
02:12:03,657 --> 02:12:08,762
AND THAT'S THE MODALITY FURTHEST

2592
02:12:08,762 --> 02:12:11,198
ALONG AND GENE EDITING IS A 

2593
02:12:11,198 --> 02:12:13,734
DIFFERENT PROCESS AND IT'S A 

2594
02:12:13,734 --> 02:12:15,969
DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK REPAIRED BY 

2595
02:12:15,969 --> 02:12:23,577
INSERTIONS AND DELETIONS.

2596
02:12:23,577 --> 02:12:26,280
THERE'S DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK 

2597
02:12:26,280 --> 02:12:32,786
EDITING IN VIVO.

2598
02:12:32,786 --> 02:12:37,391
INTELIA TREAT AMYLOIDOSIS TO 

2599
02:12:37,391 --> 02:12:42,429
DELIVER AN mRNA KAS 9 AND 

2600
02:12:42,429 --> 02:12:45,198
DISRUPT TTR.

2601
02:12:45,198 --> 02:12:46,333
MECHANISTICALLY SPEAKING IS THE 

2602
02:12:46,333 --> 02:12:49,136
CELL LEVEL ONCE YOU ADMINISTERED

2603
02:12:49,136 --> 02:12:51,672
THE TWO COMPONENTS IS ONCE THE 

2604
02:12:51,672 --> 02:12:55,075
LIPID NANO PARTICLE IS UP TAKEN 

2605
02:12:55,075 --> 02:13:00,881
BY THE LIVER IT FORMS KAS 9, 

2606
02:13:00,881 --> 02:13:03,150
THAT BINDS AND THAT GUIDES THE 

2607
02:13:03,150 --> 02:13:06,386
ENZYME TO THE TTR GENE AND WE 

2608
02:13:06,386 --> 02:13:09,056
HAVE A KNOCKOUT OF THE TOXIC 

2609
02:13:09,056 --> 02:13:09,690
PROTEIN.

2610
02:13:09,690 --> 02:13:11,892
HOW WELL IS THIS WORKING?

2611
02:13:11,892 --> 02:13:15,963
EVEN AS I RIGHT THE MOST ROSY 

2612
02:13:15,963 --> 02:13:17,698
UTOPIA IN THE UNIVERSE I COULD 

2613
02:13:17,698 --> 02:13:20,133
NOT HAVE PREDICTED HOW WELL THIS

2614
02:13:20,133 --> 02:13:21,435
HAS GONE.

2615
02:13:21,435 --> 02:13:23,770
THIS GIVES A SUMMARY SHORTLY AND

2616
02:13:23,770 --> 02:13:26,506
YOU'RE LOOKING AND THE Y AXIS IS

2617
02:13:26,506 --> 02:13:29,309
REDUCTION POST DOSING OF THE 

2618
02:13:29,309 --> 02:13:31,144
SERUM BIOMEDICAL OF DISEASE 

2619
02:13:31,144 --> 02:13:31,411
EFFICACY.

2620
02:13:31,411 --> 02:13:37,284
SO LESS IS BETTER AND THE LOW 

2621
02:13:37,284 --> 02:13:40,420
DOSE COHORT OF CHRIS PER KAS.

2622
02:13:40,420 --> 02:13:42,923
THERE'S A LOVELY DOSE EFFECT 

2623
02:13:42,923 --> 02:13:45,158
WHERE AT THE HIGHEST DOSE COHORT

2624
02:13:45,158 --> 02:13:49,029
WITH NO NOTICEABLE TOXICITIES WE

2625
02:13:49,029 --> 02:13:50,998
GET 93% KNOCKOUT OF THE GENE.

2626
02:13:50,998 --> 02:13:56,670
THE HUMAN LIVER IS AN OCCUR AN 

2627
02:13:56,670 --> 02:14:00,140
 -- ORGAN AND WE KNOCKED OUT THE

2628
02:14:00,140 --> 02:14:01,908
COPY OF THE GENE.

2629
02:14:01,908 --> 02:14:03,977
INTELIA HAS DONE SO WELL AND SO 

2630
02:14:03,977 --> 02:14:09,916
WELL TOLERATED THEY STARTED A 

2631
02:14:09,916 --> 02:14:13,387
PHASE III TRIAL WITH 765 

2632
02:14:13,387 --> 02:14:13,653
SUBJECTS.

2633
02:14:13,653 --> 02:14:15,922
THIS IS PROBABLY GOING TO BE THE

2634
02:14:15,922 --> 02:14:17,958
NEXT APPROVED CRISPR MEDICINE.

2635
02:14:17,958 --> 02:14:20,961
ONE OF THE THREE MOST IMPORTANT 

2636
02:14:20,961 --> 02:14:22,162
SLIDES I'M ABOUT TO SHOW YOU IS 

2637
02:14:22,162 --> 02:14:26,733
COMING UP.

2638
02:14:26,733 --> 02:14:29,503
AS YOU KNOW IN GENETIC THERAPIES

2639
02:14:29,503 --> 02:14:31,104
YOU WANT TO ESTABLISH SAFETY 

2640
02:14:31,104 --> 02:14:32,739
FIRST AND SUBJECTS ON THE LOWER 

2641
02:14:32,739 --> 02:14:35,275
DOSE COHORT SOME REDUCTION BUT 

2642
02:14:35,275 --> 02:14:36,977
THIS IS NOT ENOUGH FOR 

2643
02:14:36,977 --> 02:14:37,411
THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT.

2644
02:14:37,411 --> 02:14:39,913
IF THIS WERE A STANDARD GENE 

2645
02:14:39,913 --> 02:14:41,048
THERAPY WITHOUT AN ASSOCIATED 

2646
02:14:41,048 --> 02:14:42,783
VIRUS THAT WOULD BE IT.

2647
02:14:42,783 --> 02:14:46,086
YOU CAN'T DOSE THE SUBJECT AGAIN

2648
02:14:46,086 --> 02:14:51,124
BECAUSE OF IMMUNE ISSUES.

2649
02:14:51,124 --> 02:14:54,461
THE KAS 9 mRNA IS SO SHORT 

2650
02:14:54,461 --> 02:14:55,996
THEY'VE BEEN ABLE TO 

2651
02:14:55,996 --> 02:14:59,766
SUCCESSFULLY ABLE TO REDOSE THE 

2652
02:14:59,766 --> 02:15:00,967
LOW-DOSE SUBJECTS AND GET THEM 

2653
02:15:00,967 --> 02:15:04,638
INTO THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF

2654
02:15:04,638 --> 02:15:04,805
90%.

2655
02:15:04,805 --> 02:15:06,606
IT CAN BE TAPERED IN.

2656
02:15:06,606 --> 02:15:10,010
SO THIS MEANS IT'S A UNIQUE 

2657
02:15:10,010 --> 02:15:10,944
GENETIC MEDICINE.

2658
02:15:10,944 --> 02:15:12,979
YOU CAN DOSE TO EFFECTS.

2659
02:15:12,979 --> 02:15:18,185
MY BIGGEST FEARS ARE OFF 

2660
02:15:18,185 --> 02:15:20,520
TARGETS, TOXICITIES, CRISPR CAN 

2661
02:15:20,520 --> 02:15:21,988
BE CLINICALLY ADMINISTERED AT 

2662
02:15:21,988 --> 02:15:24,124
THE LOW DOSE AND YOU WAIT AND 

2663
02:15:24,124 --> 02:15:26,426
WAIT UNTIL YOU DOSE TO EFFECT.

2664
02:15:26,426 --> 02:15:28,161
THIS GIVES A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY 

2665
02:15:28,161 --> 02:15:31,631
TO HAVE CRISPR MAKE AN IMPACT ON

2666
02:15:31,631 --> 02:15:33,033
YOUR GENETIC DISEASE BECAUSE YOU

2667
02:15:33,033 --> 02:15:36,169
CAN START SLOW AND ACCELERATE 

2668
02:15:36,169 --> 02:15:38,238
BASED ON HOW SUBJECTS ARE DOING.

2669
02:15:38,238 --> 02:15:41,608
THIS IS A COMPONENT OF WHAT 

2670
02:15:41,608 --> 02:15:45,278
WE'RE FUNDED TO DO.

2671
02:15:45,278 --> 02:15:49,716
MY COLLEAGUE INVENTED AN RNP 

2672
02:15:49,716 --> 02:15:50,917
PROTEIN PARTICLE TO DELIVER THIS

2673
02:15:50,917 --> 02:15:51,785
TO A BREAK.

2674
02:15:51,785 --> 02:15:55,989
AND THE GOAL HERE IS TO CREATE 

2675
02:15:55,989 --> 02:15:58,458
TWO DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS THAT 

2676
02:15:58,458 --> 02:16:03,096
WILL EITHER EXCISE THE REPEAT IN

2677
02:16:03,096 --> 02:16:03,763
HUNTINGTON OR IN ALS.

2678
02:16:03,763 --> 02:16:06,533
I'M EXCITED THIS IS IN PART A 

2679
02:16:06,533 --> 02:16:07,901
VIRAL APPROACH.

2680
02:16:07,901 --> 02:16:09,736
AS I SHOWED EARLIER THERE'S 

2681
02:16:09,736 --> 02:16:11,805
CLINICAL PROOF OF CONCEPT FOR 

2682
02:16:11,805 --> 02:16:12,139
REDOSING.

2683
02:16:12,139 --> 02:16:14,808
AS WE ADVANCE THIS TO IND AND 

2684
02:16:14,808 --> 02:16:16,243
HIS HOPES TO GO TO THE CLINIC IN

2685
02:16:16,243 --> 02:16:19,312
FOUR YEARS WE'RE EXCITED TO HAVE

2686
02:16:19,312 --> 02:16:20,680
THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN

2687
02:16:20,680 --> 02:16:22,716
SUCH A LOW DOSE AND THEN TAPER 

2688
02:16:22,716 --> 02:16:24,117
UP BASED ON HOW THE SUBJECT IS 

2689
02:16:24,117 --> 02:16:24,885
DOING APPROACH.

2690
02:16:24,885 --> 02:16:26,953
TO BE CLEAR, THIS IS A SPECIFIC 

2691
02:16:26,953 --> 02:16:29,189
EXAMPLE OF TWO SPECIFIC 

2692
02:16:29,189 --> 02:16:30,023
DISEASES.

2693
02:16:30,023 --> 02:16:32,025
THERE ARE PRINCIPLES OF START 

2694
02:16:32,025 --> 02:16:38,198
LOW AND GO HIGH WITH NON-VIRAL 

2695
02:16:38,198 --> 02:16:44,137
CRISPR AND THE TOOLBOX OF CRISPR

2696
02:16:44,137 --> 02:16:47,240
WAS DEVELOPED 37 THE NEXT 

2697
02:16:47,240 --> 02:16:49,142
PROJECT USES AN ELABORATION OF 

2698
02:16:49,142 --> 02:16:55,649
GENE EDITING INVENTED CALLED 

2699
02:16:55,649 --> 02:16:57,050
BASE EDITING AND DOESN'T INVOLVE

2700
02:16:57,050 --> 02:16:57,851
A DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK.

2701
02:16:57,851 --> 02:17:00,120
YOU CAN CORRECT POINT MUTATIONS.

2702
02:17:00,120 --> 02:17:01,221
WHY IS THAT USEFUL?

2703
02:17:01,221 --> 02:17:05,659
YOU CAN MAKE A POINT MUTATION 

2704
02:17:05,659 --> 02:17:09,529
THAT INACTIVATES THE SPLICE 

2705
02:17:09,529 --> 02:17:12,799
BEING OF A GENE AND 15 HUMAN 

2706
02:17:12,799 --> 02:17:18,338
BEINGS HAVE BEEN DOSED FOR THEIR

2707
02:17:18,338 --> 02:17:19,739
FAMILIAL CHOLESTEROLEMIA AND 

2708
02:17:19,739 --> 02:17:22,275
THERE'S SUBJECTS ON LOW, MEDIUM 

2709
02:17:22,275 --> 02:17:27,814
AND HIGH DOSE COHORTS AND 

2710
02:17:27,814 --> 02:17:29,149
THEY'RE KNOCKING OUT THIS AND 

2711
02:17:29,149 --> 02:17:32,118
THOUGH IT WAS DOSED AT THE 

2712
02:17:32,118 --> 02:17:33,920
EARLIER TIME-OUT THE EFFECT TO 

2713
02:17:33,920 --> 02:17:40,126
60% REDUCTION AT THE HIGH DOSE 

2714
02:17:40,126 --> 02:17:50,637
COHORT WE'RE USING IT IN VIVO 

2715
02:17:51,271 --> 02:17:53,573
AND THE SAME DELIVERY PLATFORM.

2716
02:17:53,573 --> 02:17:55,475
I'LL USE THIS WORD A LOT TODAY.

2717
02:17:55,475 --> 02:17:57,577
PLATFORM MEANS PLUG AND PLAY.

2718
02:17:57,577 --> 02:18:00,647
REPLACE TOPPINGS ON A COOKIE OR 

2719
02:18:00,647 --> 02:18:02,015
PIZZA.

2720
02:18:02,015 --> 02:18:06,353
BY THE SAME TOKEN YOU CAN USE 

2721
02:18:06,353 --> 02:18:11,424
THE SAME FRAMEWORK AND THE BASE 

2722
02:18:11,424 --> 02:18:13,093
EDITOR AND GUIDE RNA BUT THE 

2723
02:18:13,093 --> 02:18:14,327
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION IS THE 

2724
02:18:14,327 --> 02:18:17,864
SAME AND NON-CLINICAL PATH IS 

2725
02:18:17,864 --> 02:18:18,164
SIMILAR.

2726
02:18:18,164 --> 02:18:19,566
IT'S THIS PLATFORM NATURE OF 

2727
02:18:19,566 --> 02:18:21,534
CRISPR TO BUILD A NEW MEDICINE 

2728
02:18:21,534 --> 02:18:23,470
THAT I THINK IS AT THE 

2729
02:18:23,470 --> 02:18:24,904
CENTERPIECE OF THE PLACE WHERE 

2730
02:18:24,904 --> 02:18:25,505
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COULD 

2731
02:18:25,505 --> 02:18:28,041
MAKE AN IMPACT.

2732
02:18:28,041 --> 02:18:30,644
WITHIN THE SOMATIC CONSORTIUM A 

2733
02:18:30,644 --> 02:18:33,380
TEAM LED BY JACKSON LAB AND 

2734
02:18:33,380 --> 02:18:37,050
HARVARD ARE USING THIS TO TREAT 

2735
02:18:37,050 --> 02:18:37,217
SMA.

2736
02:18:37,217 --> 02:18:42,622
SO ONE LAB DEVELOPED A BASE 

2737
02:18:42,622 --> 02:18:45,525
EDITOR THAT WILL PROVIDE A GENE 

2738
02:18:45,525 --> 02:18:50,664
EDITING APPROACH TO TREAT SPINAL

2739
02:18:50,664 --> 02:18:52,432
MUSCULAR ATROPHY IN TERMS OF HOW

2740
02:18:52,432 --> 02:18:56,136
THEY CAN USE AD TO DELIVER AND 

2741
02:18:56,136 --> 02:18:58,338
CREATE THE DESIRED MUTATION AND 

2742
02:18:58,338 --> 02:19:00,440
MOST IMPORTANTLY HOW THEY HAVE A

2743
02:19:00,440 --> 02:19:02,275
BENEFIT ON ANIMAL SURVIVAL.

2744
02:19:02,275 --> 02:19:03,176
IT'S EXCITING THEY'RE TAKING 

2745
02:19:03,176 --> 02:19:09,949
THIS TO THE CLINIC UNDER FEDERAL

2746
02:19:09,949 --> 02:19:11,851
FUNDING BECAUSE ALL THE 

2747
02:19:11,851 --> 02:19:12,652
LEARNINGS WILL BECOME PART OF 

2748
02:19:12,652 --> 02:19:13,953
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S 

2749
02:19:13,953 --> 02:19:15,288
KNOWLEDGE BASE.

2750
02:19:15,288 --> 02:19:16,089
FINALLY, IN THE INTEREST OF TIME

2751
02:19:16,089 --> 02:19:23,930
I'LL DO THIS QUICKLY.

2752
02:19:23,930 --> 02:19:25,999
THE BROAD HAS BEEN FUNDED TO 

2753
02:19:25,999 --> 02:19:28,134
TAKE ANOTHER MODALITY OF 

2754
02:19:28,134 --> 02:19:29,703
RNA-BASED APPROACHES TO THE 

2755
02:19:29,703 --> 02:19:31,671
CLINIC CALLED EPIGENOME EDITING.

2756
02:19:31,671 --> 02:19:34,441
NO DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS OR POINT

2757
02:19:34,441 --> 02:19:38,945
MUTATION BUT LONG EFFECTS FROM 

2758
02:19:38,945 --> 02:19:42,115
EXPOSURE DESIGN TRANSCRIPTION 

2759
02:19:42,115 --> 02:19:43,183
FACTOR BASED ON TECHNOLOGY 

2760
02:19:43,183 --> 02:19:47,320
DEVELOPED TWO DECADES AGO A 

2761
02:19:47,320 --> 02:19:53,193
PROTEIN TARGETS A CHROMATIN DNA 

2762
02:19:53,193 --> 02:19:54,828
REMODELER TO SILENCE THE PRION 

2763
02:19:54,828 --> 02:20:02,302
PROTEIN AND THIS IS A FEDERALLY 

2764
02:20:02,302 --> 02:20:05,338
FUNDED EFFORT.

2765
02:20:05,338 --> 02:20:09,342
SMA, CMS, WET SYNDROME AND PRION

2766
02:20:09,342 --> 02:20:11,177
DISEASE TO THE CLINIC.

2767
02:20:11,177 --> 02:20:13,613
I GIVE YOU THE PUBLIC SECTOR 

2768
02:20:13,613 --> 02:20:15,415
EFFORT AND THE TOOLBOX OF 

2769
02:20:15,415 --> 02:20:16,850
EDITING GROWTH AND TRACK RECORD.

2770
02:20:16,850 --> 02:20:19,285
I'D LIKE TO SPEAK TO DELIVERY.

2771
02:20:19,285 --> 02:20:21,321
THERE'S A TROPE IN MY FIELD, WE 

2772
02:20:21,321 --> 02:20:23,590
WOULD DO MORE CRISPR IF ONLY 

2773
02:20:23,590 --> 02:20:25,091
DELIVERY WORKED.

2774
02:20:25,091 --> 02:20:27,894
THAT EXCUSE IS RAPIDLY RUNNING 

2775
02:20:27,894 --> 02:20:29,763
OUT OF STEAM.

2776
02:20:29,763 --> 02:20:32,031
DELIVERY FOR NEUROLOGIC DISEASES

2777
02:20:32,031 --> 02:20:33,666
IS MAKING REMARKABLE PROGRESS.

2778
02:20:33,666 --> 02:20:36,136
I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT TWO 

2779
02:20:36,136 --> 02:20:38,171
DEVELOPMENTS.

2780
02:20:38,171 --> 02:20:40,039
THIS IS BEAUTIFUL WORK IN THE 

2781
02:20:40,039 --> 02:20:47,013
RECENT PAPER WITH AN ADENOVIRUS 

2782
02:20:47,013 --> 02:20:48,348
WITH SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF 

2783
02:20:48,348 --> 02:20:50,550
AN AAV AND YOU SEE THIS 

2784
02:20:50,550 --> 02:20:52,752
REMARKABLE COVERAGE OF THE MOUSE

2785
02:20:52,752 --> 02:20:55,054
AND SUBSEQUENTLY AN HP DATA ON 

2786
02:20:55,054 --> 02:20:57,290
THEIR WAY AND THIS IS THE AAD 

2787
02:20:57,290 --> 02:20:58,992
MODALITY THE EFFORT FOR PRION 

2788
02:20:58,992 --> 02:21:00,126
DISEASE TAKING TO THE CLINIC 

2789
02:21:00,126 --> 02:21:02,862
WHICH IS REMARKABLE.

2790
02:21:02,862 --> 02:21:06,766
I'M GOING TO TAKE 60 SECONDS TO 

2791
02:21:06,766 --> 02:21:09,602
SHOW DATA FROM THE GENOMIC 

2792
02:21:09,602 --> 02:21:10,870
INSTITUTE TO SHOW YOU WHAT 

2793
02:21:10,870 --> 02:21:13,907
INNOVATION IS OUT THERE.

2794
02:21:13,907 --> 02:21:16,676
THIS IS WORK FROM AN 

2795
02:21:16,676 --> 02:21:20,146
INVESTIGATOR IN THE MOLECULAR 

2796
02:21:20,146 --> 02:21:21,214
CELL BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT USING 

2797
02:21:21,214 --> 02:21:27,887
LIPID NANO PARTICLES AND 

2798
02:21:27,887 --> 02:21:30,290
DEVELOPING LNP DELIVERY TO THE 

2799
02:21:30,290 --> 02:21:30,490
BRAIN.

2800
02:21:30,490 --> 02:21:34,160
THIS IS DELIVERY OF THE BRAIN 

2801
02:21:34,160 --> 02:21:36,996
ORGANOIDS AND WE'RE COMPARING 

2802
02:21:36,996 --> 02:21:44,070
LENTI VIRUS DELIVERY OF CRE AND 

2803
02:21:44,070 --> 02:21:48,141
I'LL DIM THE LIGHTS AND THEY'RE 

2804
02:21:48,141 --> 02:21:50,844
MORE ROBUSTLY POSTED.

2805
02:21:50,844 --> 02:21:53,780
THEY'RE 9-MONTH-OLD HUMAN 

2806
02:21:53,780 --> 02:21:54,714
ORGANOIDS.

2807
02:21:54,714 --> 02:21:56,115
WE HAVE EARLY DATA ROBUST ENOUGH

2808
02:21:56,115 --> 02:22:00,119
TO SHARE WITH THIS AUDIENCE TO 

2809
02:22:00,119 --> 02:22:01,254
DO THIS FOR AN IN VIVO 

2810
02:22:01,254 --> 02:22:03,156
ADMINISTRATION TO THE STRIATUM 

2811
02:22:03,156 --> 02:22:05,758
AND I EMPHASIZE THIS IS NOT A 

2812
02:22:05,758 --> 02:22:09,295
VIRUS, THIS IS LNP DELIVERY AND 

2813
02:22:09,295 --> 02:22:11,798
USING EARLY COMPOUNDS UP TO 30% 

2814
02:22:11,798 --> 02:22:14,701
OF THE STRIATUM WAS OBTAINED.

2815
02:22:14,701 --> 02:22:16,035
I WANT TO EMPHASIZE THIS IS NOT 

2816
02:22:16,035 --> 02:22:19,339
DATA FROM THE IGI BUT NON-VIRAL 

2817
02:22:19,339 --> 02:22:21,908
DELIVERY OF CRISPR TO THE 

2818
02:22:21,908 --> 02:22:22,675
PERIPHERAL AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 

2819
02:22:22,675 --> 02:22:23,776
WILL BE A CLINICAL REALITY.

2820
02:22:23,776 --> 02:22:28,014
WHEN THAT HAPPENS, EVERYTHING I 

2821
02:22:28,014 --> 02:22:31,317
SAID EARLIER ABOUT DOSING TO 

2822
02:22:31,317 --> 02:22:35,722
EFFECT WE HAVE TO INTEGRATE 

2823
02:22:35,722 --> 02:22:37,557
CRISPR DEVELOPMENT TO WHEN 

2824
02:22:37,557 --> 02:22:39,025
DELIVERY DOESN'T WORK.

2825
02:22:39,025 --> 02:22:40,793
THAT EXCUSE WILL BE JUST GONE 

2826
02:22:40,793 --> 02:22:42,095
AND THAT FUTURE IS SOONER THAN 

2827
02:22:42,095 --> 02:22:42,695
WE THINK.

2828
02:22:42,695 --> 02:22:45,965
I WANT TO SPEND THE LAST FEW 

2829
02:22:45,965 --> 02:22:50,169
MINUTES OF THIS PREAMBLE BEFORE 

2830
02:22:50,169 --> 02:22:52,138
GETTING TO THE ACTION ITEMS WITH

2831
02:22:52,138 --> 02:22:54,507
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND 

2832
02:22:54,507 --> 02:22:58,077
NOVEL PATHS TO LICENSURE.

2833
02:22:58,077 --> 02:22:58,678
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 

2834
02:22:58,678 --> 02:23:00,113
FIRST.

2835
02:23:00,113 --> 02:23:04,117
I MENTIONED THE PERSON WITH A 

2836
02:23:04,117 --> 02:23:07,720
SEVERE NEUROLOGIC DISEASE I CAN 

2837
02:23:07,720 --> 02:23:11,157
BUILD A DESIGN AND TEST FOR THE 

2838
02:23:11,157 --> 02:23:11,424
MUTATION.

2839
02:23:11,424 --> 02:23:14,260
IF I PUSH THE BUTTON NOW 

2840
02:23:14,260 --> 02:23:16,896
ACADEMIC PRICES IT WILL TAKE 

2841
02:23:16,896 --> 02:23:21,801
$12.5 MILLION AND 4 1/2 YEARS TO

2842
02:23:21,801 --> 02:23:23,102
PUT THAT UNDER A CLINICAL TRIAL 

2843
02:23:23,102 --> 02:23:24,270
UNDER THE CURRENT AND REGULATORY

2844
02:23:24,270 --> 02:23:28,541
FRAMEWORK.

2845
02:23:28,541 --> 02:23:34,480
THE OLD WAY.

2846
02:23:34,847 --> 02:23:40,119
 UNFORTUNATELY THERE ARE DOZENS 

2847
02:23:40,119 --> 02:23:50,630
OF GENE MUTATIONS AND I DON'T 

2848
02:23:50,997 --> 02:23:53,132
MEAN TO BE DRAMATIC BUT WE HAVE 

2849
02:23:53,132 --> 02:23:55,301
A NEW PRODUCT AND THAT MEANS 

2850
02:23:55,301 --> 02:23:57,203
WE'RE BACK TO SQUARE ONE.

2851
02:23:57,203 --> 02:24:00,139
THIS IS UNACCEPTABLE WE HAVE TO 

2852
02:24:00,139 --> 02:24:04,010
GET TO A WORLD TO LEVERAGE EARLY

2853
02:24:04,010 --> 02:24:05,345
REGULATORY INFORMATION TO 

2854
02:24:05,345 --> 02:24:08,114
THERAPEUTICS MUCH FASTER AND 

2855
02:24:08,114 --> 02:24:09,382
MORE AFFORDABLY.

2856
02:24:09,382 --> 02:24:13,987
WE HAVE ENORMOUS MOMENTUM.

2857
02:24:13,987 --> 02:24:16,456
THE MOST IN MY YEARS IN GENE 

2858
02:24:16,456 --> 02:24:19,258
THERAPY AND DOING GENE EDITING.

2859
02:24:19,258 --> 02:24:20,960
THE BIGGEST MOMENTUM AT THE 

2860
02:24:20,960 --> 02:24:23,863
FEDERAL COMES FROM THE HEAD OF 

2861
02:24:23,863 --> 02:24:26,032
THE CBER.

2862
02:24:26,032 --> 02:24:29,002
IN WASHINGTON HE SHOWED THE 

2863
02:24:29,002 --> 02:24:32,505
SLIDES AND ARGUED FOR THE 

2864
02:24:32,505 --> 02:24:33,506
MANUFACTURING OF THIS 

2865
02:24:33,506 --> 02:24:35,341
THERAPEUTICS AND IF YOU HAVE AN 

2866
02:24:35,341 --> 02:24:37,210
ORIGINATOR PRODUCT WITH THE GENE

2867
02:24:37,210 --> 02:24:39,012
INSERT AND TREAT A RELATED 

2868
02:24:39,012 --> 02:24:40,113
DISEASE AND CHANGE THE INSERT 

2869
02:24:40,113 --> 02:24:43,082
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO LEVERAGE 

2870
02:24:43,082 --> 02:24:44,117
NON-CLINICAL INFORMATION FROM 

2871
02:24:44,117 --> 02:24:46,819
ONE PRODUCT TO ANOTHER.

2872
02:24:46,819 --> 02:24:47,520
THAT'S EXCITING.

2873
02:24:47,520 --> 02:24:51,958
MORE EXCITING, THIS YEAR 

2874
02:24:51,958 --> 02:24:55,995
DR. MARKS SAID THERE COULD BE A 

2875
02:24:55,995 --> 02:24:58,831
BUT OF TRIALING AND GENE 

2876
02:24:58,831 --> 02:24:59,065
EDITING.

2877
02:24:59,065 --> 02:25:03,736
A NEW DRUG APPLICATION AND THEN 

2878
02:25:03,736 --> 02:25:05,071
BIOLOGIC SLICE APPLICATION FOR 

2879
02:25:05,071 --> 02:25:07,006
DISEASE COULD CONTAIN MANY 

2880
02:25:07,006 --> 02:25:10,309
EDITORS TO REPAIR DIFFERENT 

2881
02:25:10,309 --> 02:25:10,843
MUTATIONS AND ALSO THE 

2882
02:25:10,843 --> 02:25:12,845
MANUFACTURING PLATFORM.

2883
02:25:12,845 --> 02:25:15,815
THIS IS REMARKABLE AND ALSO 

2884
02:25:15,815 --> 02:25:17,684
PITCH PERFECT CORRECT.

2885
02:25:17,684 --> 02:25:21,187
THAT IS THE WAY TO GET MEDICINES

2886
02:25:21,187 --> 02:25:25,158
FOR THE PATIENTS WITH MUTATION 

2887
02:25:25,158 --> 02:25:28,861
WITH CMT IS TO BUCKETIZE THEM.

2888
02:25:28,861 --> 02:25:32,532
HOW DO YOU DO THAT?

2889
02:25:32,532 --> 02:25:34,834
FIRST, THEY PUT OUT GUIDANCE AND

2890
02:25:34,834 --> 02:25:36,803
THE PLATFORM FOR CRISPR AND GET 

2891
02:25:36,803 --> 02:25:37,770
IT REVIEWED.

2892
02:25:37,770 --> 02:25:40,273
THAT IS WHAT WE'RE DOING AT THE 

2893
02:25:40,273 --> 02:25:42,442
INNOVATIVE GENOMICS INSTITUTE 

2894
02:25:42,442 --> 02:25:44,077
CONVERTING THIS TO A CIRCLE 

2895
02:25:44,077 --> 02:25:49,449
WHERE THE GOAL IS TO ENGINEER 

2896
02:25:49,449 --> 02:25:50,416
PLATFORMS AND I'LL EXPLAIN AND 

2897
02:25:50,416 --> 02:25:52,118
THEN CLOSE ON THE ACTIONS.

2898
02:25:52,118 --> 02:26:02,595
THIS IS A PARTNERSHIP WITH 

2899
02:26:03,062 --> 02:26:03,229
DANAHER.

2900
02:26:03,229 --> 02:26:09,435
THEY OWN ALL THE BITS AND PIECES

2901
02:26:09,435 --> 02:26:16,876
YOU NEED TO TAKE IT FROM 

2902
02:26:16,876 --> 02:26:17,610
PARTICIPANT TO CLINICAL TRIAL 

2903
02:26:17,610 --> 02:26:23,416
AND THIS IS A CROSS-FUNCTIONAL 

2904
02:26:23,416 --> 02:26:26,352
TEAM' BEST IN CLASS TEAM I CALL 

2905
02:26:26,352 --> 02:26:27,286
THE AVENGERS.

2906
02:26:27,286 --> 02:26:31,691
WHY AM I SHARING THIS WITH YOU?

2907
02:26:31,691 --> 02:26:33,159
WE'RE NOT TREATING IMMUNOLOGIC 

2908
02:26:33,159 --> 02:26:33,926
DISORDERS WELL.

2909
02:26:33,926 --> 02:26:36,129
A KEY PART OF OUR EFFORT IS TO 

2910
02:26:36,129 --> 02:26:37,930
SOLVE FOR THE PROGRAM.

2911
02:26:37,930 --> 02:26:39,999
CONSIDER A SETTING WHERE WE'LL 

2912
02:26:39,999 --> 02:26:44,470
HAVE AN OPEN IND TO TREAT A 

2913
02:26:44,470 --> 02:26:46,038
DEVASTATING ERROR OF THE IMMUNE 

2914
02:26:46,038 --> 02:26:48,141
SYSTEM THAT AFFECTS NEWBORNS BY 

2915
02:26:48,141 --> 02:26:50,109
GENE EDITING.

2916
02:26:50,109 --> 02:26:52,111
EVERY PATIENT BRINGS THEIR OWN 

2917
02:26:52,111 --> 02:26:52,612
MUTATION.

2918
02:26:52,612 --> 02:26:54,680
YOU CAN HAVE A BEAUTIFUL IND AND

2919
02:26:54,680 --> 02:26:56,649
ALL THE SAFETY DATA BUT THE 

2920
02:26:56,649 --> 02:26:57,917
NEWBORN MAY NOT HAVE THAT 

2921
02:26:57,917 --> 02:26:58,351
MUTATION.

2922
02:26:58,351 --> 02:26:59,485
WHAT DO WITH DO?

2923
02:26:59,485 --> 02:27:01,621
WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO LEVERAGE 

2924
02:27:01,621 --> 02:27:03,222
THAT IND AND TREAT THE CHILD 

2925
02:27:03,222 --> 02:27:04,157
FAST AND AFFORDABLY AND THAT'S 

2926
02:27:04,157 --> 02:27:10,897
WHAT WE'RE DOING.

2927
02:27:10,897 --> 02:27:15,201
FIRST,  WE'LL BUILD ASSESSMENTS 

2928
02:27:15,201 --> 02:27:16,636
AND USE THE SAME DELIVERY 

2929
02:27:16,636 --> 02:27:18,538
PROCESS WHETHER IT'S MUTATION 

2930
02:27:18,538 --> 02:27:19,906
ONE OR 57.

2931
02:27:19,906 --> 02:27:21,574
AND MOST IMPORTANTLY AND THIS IS

2932
02:27:21,574 --> 02:27:23,342
THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT SLIDE 

2933
02:27:23,342 --> 02:27:28,214
I'LL SHOW YOU TODAY, WE'LL BUILD

2934
02:27:28,214 --> 02:27:31,250
A BESPOKE GENE EDITOR.

2935
02:27:31,250 --> 02:27:33,586
YOU'LL SAY I'VE PROBABLY HAD TOO

2936
02:27:33,586 --> 02:27:34,921
MUCH CAFFEINE THIS MORNING.

2937
02:27:34,921 --> 02:27:37,523
NO, LET ME SHOW YOU HOW IT'S 

2938
02:27:37,523 --> 02:27:37,723
DONE.

2939
02:27:37,723 --> 02:27:39,826
IF YOU WANT RESEARCH USED AND 

2940
02:27:39,826 --> 02:27:41,694
RNA AND CRISPR IT WILL TAKE A 

2941
02:27:41,694 --> 02:27:44,230
WEEK AND $100.

2942
02:27:44,230 --> 02:27:48,901
IF YOU WANT CGMP IT WILL TAKE A 

2943
02:27:48,901 --> 02:27:51,904
YEAR AND A MILLION AND BY THIS 

2944
02:27:51,904 --> 02:27:53,840
TIME THE KID COULD BE DEAD AT 

2945
02:27:53,840 --> 02:27:55,508
LEAST EIGHT MONTHS.

2946
02:27:55,508 --> 02:27:58,077
WE'RE WORKING WITH DANAHER AND I

2947
02:27:58,077 --> 02:28:00,112
APPRECIATE THEIR PARTNERSHIP TO 

2948
02:28:00,112 --> 02:28:04,050
ESTABLISH A MANUFACTURING 

2949
02:28:04,050 --> 02:28:06,385
STANDARD AND PROCESS CALLED 

2950
02:28:06,385 --> 02:28:07,286
PHASE-APPROPRIATE GMP.

2951
02:28:07,286 --> 02:28:11,023
ONE CAN MAKE A BESPOKE GENE 

2952
02:28:11,023 --> 02:28:12,959
EDITOR FOR THIS CHILD OR MARY 

2953
02:28:12,959 --> 02:28:14,393
WITH THIS DEVASTATING DISORDER 

2954
02:28:14,393 --> 02:28:22,935
THAT CAUSES SEVERE CMT.

2955
02:28:22,935 --> 02:28:27,573
RAPIDLY, AFFORDABLY AND HOW DID 

2956
02:28:27,573 --> 02:28:31,544
WE FIND THIS FOR $100.

2957
02:28:31,544 --> 02:28:33,813
I WANT TO SALUTE OUR PUBLIC 

2958
02:28:33,813 --> 02:28:37,383
ACCESS TEAM FOR PUTTING OUT THE 

2959
02:28:37,383 --> 02:28:37,617
REPORT.

2960
02:28:37,617 --> 02:28:40,119
I DO NOT WANT TO OVERSTEP MY 

2961
02:28:40,119 --> 02:28:43,055
BOUNDARIES AND TALKING ABOUT 

2962
02:28:43,055 --> 02:28:45,391
PHARMACY PLANS OR CMS BUT I WANT

2963
02:28:45,391 --> 02:28:46,926
TO SHOW THE TABLE.

2964
02:28:46,926 --> 02:28:50,463
THE GENETIC MEDICINES COST $2 

2965
02:28:50,463 --> 02:28:52,331
MILLION, $3 MILLION, $4 MILLION 

2966
02:28:52,331 --> 02:28:53,332
AND THE COMPANIES STILL CAN'T 

2967
02:28:53,332 --> 02:28:56,135
FIGURE OUT HOW TO MAKE MONEY.

2968
02:28:56,135 --> 02:29:00,139
INNOVATION NEEDS TO HAPPEN FOR 

2969
02:29:00,139 --> 02:29:07,680
MEDICINE TO BE $250,000 BEARABLE

2970
02:29:07,680 --> 02:29:08,948
BY THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM BUT 

2971
02:29:08,948 --> 02:29:13,452
YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO MAKE THE 

2972
02:29:13,452 --> 02:29:14,553
STUFF RAPIDLY AND AFFORDABLY AND

2973
02:29:14,553 --> 02:29:16,122
THAT'S WHAT WE'RE DOING IN 

2974
02:29:16,122 --> 02:29:18,557
PARTNERSHIP WITH DANAHER.

2975
02:29:18,557 --> 02:29:20,126
BEFORE I GIVE TO THE LIST OF 

2976
02:29:20,126 --> 02:29:21,227
ACTION ITEMS FIRST ONE IMPORTANT

2977
02:29:21,227 --> 02:29:25,264
LEARNING FROM THE REMARKABLE 

2978
02:29:25,264 --> 02:29:26,432
WORK WHICH JUST CAME OUT IN 

2979
02:29:26,432 --> 02:29:26,799
NATURE.

2980
02:29:26,799 --> 02:29:28,434
IF YOU THINK ABOUT HOW YOU TAKE 

2981
02:29:28,434 --> 02:29:30,403
IN GIVEN MEDICINE FROM DISCOVERY

2982
02:29:30,403 --> 02:29:32,538
AND PRECLINICAL TO DEVELOPMENT 

2983
02:29:32,538 --> 02:29:34,473
AND THEN MANUFACTURING, THERE 

2984
02:29:34,473 --> 02:29:36,008
REALLY NEEDS TO BE FUNDAMENTAL 

2985
02:29:36,008 --> 02:29:38,177
INNOVATION IN HOW THIS IS WOVEN 

2986
02:29:38,177 --> 02:29:39,545
TOGETHER WITH A MUCH LARGER ROLE

2987
02:29:39,545 --> 02:29:43,049
FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR.

2988
02:29:43,049 --> 02:29:45,251
BEFORE YOU SAY, FYODOR, INDUSTRY

2989
02:29:45,251 --> 02:29:48,721
SHOULD BE DOING THIS.

2990
02:29:48,721 --> 02:29:50,656
SADLY, MY COLLEAGUES IN INDUSTRY

2991
02:29:50,656 --> 02:29:52,591
ARE HAVING THE TOUGHEST TIME 

2992
02:29:52,591 --> 02:29:55,761
EVER WHICH IS PARADOXICAL 

2993
02:29:55,761 --> 02:29:57,129
BECAUSE THE TECHNOLOGY WORKS 

2994
02:29:57,129 --> 02:29:59,465
WELL BUT THEY'RE HAVING LAYOFFS 

2995
02:29:59,465 --> 02:30:00,399
AND DON'T WORK ON THE GENETIC 

2996
02:30:00,399 --> 02:30:04,103
DISEASE BECAUSE IT'S NOT CLEAR 

2997
02:30:04,103 --> 02:30:10,609
HOW TO COMMERCIALIZE FOR THESE 

2998
02:30:10,609 --> 02:30:13,913
AND THEY TAKE TOO LONG TO 

2999
02:30:13,913 --> 02:30:16,048
DEVELOP SO THE FOR-PROFIT SECTOR

3000
02:30:16,048 --> 02:30:16,382
DROPPED THEM.

3001
02:30:16,382 --> 02:30:18,851
I'M NOT EXAGGERATING.

3002
02:30:18,851 --> 02:30:26,058
THIS IS NOT HYPERBOLE AND 

3003
02:30:26,058 --> 02:30:28,928
THERE'S A WAY TO CREATE 

3004
02:30:28,928 --> 02:30:30,997
ORGANIZATIONS DEEPLY INTERWOVEN 

3005
02:30:30,997 --> 02:30:32,932
WITH ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS AND 

3006
02:30:32,932 --> 02:30:34,600
UNIVERSITIES AND ULTIMATELY 

3007
02:30:34,600 --> 02:30:36,369
PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATIONS 

3008
02:30:36,369 --> 02:30:41,307
CONNECTED WITH MANUFACTURING 

3009
02:30:41,307 --> 02:30:50,316
CAPABILITY TO BE AVAILABLE.

3010
02:30:50,316 --> 02:30:52,785
AND I SPOKE ABOUT CLINICAL TRACK

3011
02:30:52,785 --> 02:30:57,890
RECORD, IMPROVEMENT IN DELIVERY,

3012
02:30:57,890 --> 02:30:58,524
INNOVATIVE PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

3013
02:30:58,524 --> 02:31:00,026
PARTNERSHIPS BUT AT THE END OF 

3014
02:31:00,026 --> 02:31:02,161
THE DAY WHO IS GOING TO TREAT 

3015
02:31:02,161 --> 02:31:03,462
MARY OR THE SEVERAL MILLION 

3016
02:31:03,462 --> 02:31:05,598
PEOPLE LIKE HER IN THE WESTERN 

3017
02:31:05,598 --> 02:31:10,936
WORLD ALONE WITH DEVASTATING 

3018
02:31:10,936 --> 02:31:11,670
DISORDERS?

3019
02:31:11,670 --> 02:31:12,972
I HAVE A SPECIFIC.

3020
02:31:12,972 --> 02:31:14,607
AS YOU THINK OF GOING FROM A 

3021
02:31:14,607 --> 02:31:20,146
RARE POINT MUTATION AFFECTING 

3022
02:31:20,146 --> 02:31:29,889
ONE HUMAN BEING TO HUNTINGTON'S,

3023
02:31:29,889 --> 02:31:32,324
TOURETTE'S OR PAIN OR OTHERS THE

3024
02:31:32,324 --> 02:31:36,128
STEPS ARE FIRST WE MUST EXPAND 

3025
02:31:36,128 --> 02:31:42,802
THE SPECTRUM OF NEUROLOGIC 

3026
02:31:42,802 --> 02:31:48,641
DISORD

3027
02:31:48,641 --> 02:31:52,011
DISORDERS WE NEED DE RISKED 

3028
02:31:52,011 --> 02:31:52,845
STREAMLINE AND A REGULATORY 

3029
02:31:52,845 --> 02:31:53,312
PROGRAM.

3030
02:31:53,312 --> 02:31:55,881
WHO IS GOING TO DO ALL OF THAT?

3031
02:31:55,881 --> 02:31:57,917
THIS FOLKS IS THE ORIGINAL 

3032
02:31:57,917 --> 02:32:00,719
DESIGN OF THE GREAT SEAL OF THE 

3033
02:32:00,719 --> 02:32:02,288
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1782.

3034
02:32:02,288 --> 02:32:04,957
THIS IS THE CURRENT FORM AND I'M

3035
02:32:04,957 --> 02:32:08,961
SHOWING THIS BECAUSE THERE'S 

3036
02:32:08,961 --> 02:32:15,134
ALSO A PLURBUS UNUM.

3037
02:32:15,134 --> 02:32:15,768
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD 

3038
02:32:15,768 --> 02:32:16,402
PLAY A BIGGER ROLE.

3039
02:32:16,402 --> 02:32:18,704
HERE'S WHAT I MEAN BY THAT.

3040
02:32:18,704 --> 02:32:22,274
LET ME GIVE YOU A CASE.

3041
02:32:22,274 --> 02:32:23,442
THE SOMATIC GENE EDITING 

3042
02:32:23,442 --> 02:32:25,911
CONSORTIUM HAS A MEMORANDUM OF 

3043
02:32:25,911 --> 02:32:26,979
CENTERS WITH EVALUATION IN 

3044
02:32:26,979 --> 02:32:30,216
RESEARCH WHICH ALLOWS RAPID 

3045
02:32:30,216 --> 02:32:34,186
FEEDBACK TO ENABLE NIMBLE 

3046
02:32:34,186 --> 02:32:34,520
DEVELOPMENT.

3047
02:32:34,520 --> 02:32:36,288
THIS PROGRAM HAD A MAJOR 

3048
02:32:36,288 --> 02:32:37,590
QUESTION FOR HOW TO DO A 

3049
02:32:37,590 --> 02:32:39,091
SPECIFIC NON-CLINICAL THING.

3050
02:32:39,091 --> 02:32:49,635
WE DID NOT KNOW HOW TO DO THIS.

3051
02:32:52,171 --> 02:32:53,572
THE APPROACH SAVED THE 

3052
02:32:53,572 --> 02:32:56,108
U.S. TAXPAYER THIS MUCH MONEY 

3053
02:32:56,108 --> 02:32:57,776
BECAUSE INSTEAD OF DOING 

3054
02:32:57,776 --> 02:33:00,779
SOMETHING A MILLION DOLLARS AN 

3055
02:33:00,779 --> 02:33:02,815
EXPERIMENT WE'RE DOING IT AT 

3056
02:33:02,815 --> 02:33:05,017
$10,000 AN EXPERIMENT.

3057
02:33:05,017 --> 02:33:10,055
THINKING ABOUT A DELIVERABLE IN 

3058
02:33:10,055 --> 02:33:13,125
M.V.P. NEUROGENETIC DISEASE 

3059
02:33:13,125 --> 02:33:23,068
CRISPR CURES COOKBOOK AND PAST 

3060
02:33:23,068 --> 02:33:25,037
REGULATORY AND CLINICAL TRIAL.

3061
02:33:25,037 --> 02:33:27,973
THE SOONER IT HAPPENS THE SOONER

3062
02:33:27,973 --> 02:33:29,808
ONE CAN THINK OF PLATFORMIZING 

3063
02:33:29,808 --> 02:33:32,111
CURATIVE APPROACHES TO THEM.

3064
02:33:32,111 --> 02:33:34,880
FURTHER, THERE'S A KNEAD TO 

3065
02:33:34,880 --> 02:33:38,384
DISCOVER AND TEST BIOMARKERS FOR

3066
02:33:38,384 --> 02:33:39,151
EFFICACY IN NEUROGENETIC 

3067
02:33:39,151 --> 02:33:39,952
DISEASE.

3068
02:33:39,952 --> 02:33:40,986
I DON'T THINK THE FOR-PROFIT 

3069
02:33:40,986 --> 02:33:42,721
SECTOR WILL DO EITHER OF THOSE 

3070
02:33:42,721 --> 02:33:44,356
TWO THINGS AND HUMBLY POSE TO 

3071
02:33:44,356 --> 02:33:47,927
YOU I THINK THIS IS SOMETHING 

3072
02:33:47,927 --> 02:33:48,794
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 

3073
02:33:48,794 --> 02:33:51,130
SPECIFICALLY THE NIH AND YOU CAN

3074
02:33:51,130 --> 02:33:54,300
GUESS WHY INSTITUTE COULD TAKE A

3075
02:33:54,300 --> 02:33:54,967
LEADERSHIP ROLE IN SUPPORTING 

3076
02:33:54,967 --> 02:33:59,371
AND ENABLING.

3077
02:33:59,371 --> 02:34:01,540
THE PARTNERSHIP NEEDS TO BE 

3078
02:34:01,540 --> 02:34:03,809
FORMALIZED AND EXPANDED.

3079
02:34:03,809 --> 02:34:04,810
I SPENT 16 YEARS IN INDUSTRY.

3080
02:34:04,810 --> 02:34:07,947
YOU CAN TAKE A LONG TIME TO FIND

3081
02:34:07,947 --> 02:34:09,815
OUT SOMETHING FROM THE AGENCY 

3082
02:34:09,815 --> 02:34:11,450
AND SOMETIMES IT'S NOT ENTIRELY 

3083
02:34:11,450 --> 02:34:11,650
CLEAR.

3084
02:34:11,650 --> 02:34:13,619
THAT'S THE WAY THE WORLD WORKS.

3085
02:34:13,619 --> 02:34:15,654
THIS IS A DIFFERENT MODE WHERE 

3086
02:34:15,654 --> 02:34:17,556
BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS

3087
02:34:17,556 --> 02:34:18,657
TO BE EXTRAORDINARY AND THERE 

3088
02:34:18,657 --> 02:34:20,125
NEEDS TO BE MORE.

3089
02:34:20,125 --> 02:34:22,795
THE SOMATICS OF GEN EDITING 

3090
02:34:22,795 --> 02:34:25,164
CONCEPT NEED TO BE EXPANDED TO 

3091
02:34:25,164 --> 02:34:26,865
WHAT IS CURRENTLY NOT FUNDED 

3092
02:34:26,865 --> 02:34:29,935
BECAUSE THERE'S ONLY SO MUCH IN 

3093
02:34:29,935 --> 02:34:33,138
EACH SPECIFIC BUCKETS.

3094
02:34:33,138 --> 02:34:38,510
THE TAUOPATHIES AND OTHERS ARE 

3095
02:34:38,510 --> 02:34:41,380
TO BE STUDIED AND THERE NEEDS TO

3096
02:34:41,380 --> 02:34:44,116
BE A CRISPR THERAPEUTIC PROGRAM.

3097
02:34:44,116 --> 02:34:45,484
I MENTIONED OUR PROGRAM AGAIN 

3098
02:34:45,484 --> 02:34:48,554
BUT THERE'S MANUFACTURERS WHO 

3099
02:34:48,554 --> 02:34:51,457
MAKE CRITICAL COMPONENTS FOR 

3100
02:34:51,457 --> 02:34:53,459
CRISPR AND NEED TO BE INTEGRATED

3101
02:34:53,459 --> 02:34:55,628
SO THE PIPELINE COULD EXIST.

3102
02:34:55,628 --> 02:34:58,764
TO BE CLEAR IT'S NOT A ZERO SUM 

3103
02:34:58,764 --> 02:35:03,569
GAME FOR THE FOR-PROFIT SECTOR 

3104
02:35:03,569 --> 02:35:07,239
BUT IT WOULD BE A RISING TIDE.

3105
02:35:07,239 --> 02:35:10,242
FINALLY, I THINK THIS COULD HAVE

3106
02:35:10,242 --> 02:35:11,110
THE GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED 

3107
02:35:11,110 --> 02:35:12,011
STATES.

3108
02:35:12,011 --> 02:35:16,115
THERE WAS A ROBUST FRAMEWORK FOR

3109
02:35:16,115 --> 02:35:18,550
COLLATING AND NIMBLE TO 

3110
02:35:18,550 --> 02:35:20,052
INNOVATION, VIABLE PRODUCT.

3111
02:35:20,052 --> 02:35:21,654
WHERE THAT EXISTS WHEN PEOPLE 

3112
02:35:21,654 --> 02:35:24,123
WHO TREAT THE NEXT MARY CAN JUST

3113
02:35:24,123 --> 02:35:25,691
CLICK AND DOWNLOAD THAT IT WILL 

3114
02:35:25,691 --> 02:35:26,792
COMPLETELY CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE 

3115
02:35:26,792 --> 02:35:29,528
OF HOW THIS HAPPENS.

3116
02:35:29,528 --> 02:35:32,965
I HAVE THE CMS LABEL AS MY LAST 

3117
02:35:32,965 --> 02:35:33,832
FOR A REASON.

3118
02:35:33,832 --> 02:35:36,135
AS OTHERS ARGUE IN NATURE, THIS 

3119
02:35:36,135 --> 02:35:40,139
NEEDS TO BE FORWARD AND 

3120
02:35:40,139 --> 02:35:41,674
INTEGRATED INTO THE HEALTH CARE 

3121
02:35:41,674 --> 02:35:48,147
ECONOMICS COMPONENT.

3122
02:35:48,147 --> 02:35:51,450
CRISPR IS A CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS.

3123
02:35:51,450 --> 02:35:53,652
WHEN AN ONDEMAND CRISPR EDITOR 

3124
02:35:53,652 --> 02:35:58,023
CAN BE MADE AND DE RISKED FOR 

3125
02:35:58,023 --> 02:36:05,364
$100,000 AND THIS WILL HAPPEN IT

3126
02:36:05,364 --> 02:36:07,032
WILL BE COVERED.

3127
02:36:07,032 --> 02:36:08,133
I'M HUMBLED FOR THE OPPORTUNITY 

3128
02:36:08,133 --> 02:36:11,003
TO SHARE OUR THOUGHTS WITH YOU.

3129
02:36:11,003 --> 02:36:12,771
THANK YOU, DR. KOROSHETZ AND I 

3130
02:36:12,771 --> 02:36:14,340
ALWAYS CLOSE WITH THE SAME SLIDE

3131
02:36:14,340 --> 02:36:16,275
BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW A BETTER 

3132
02:36:16,275 --> 02:36:17,810
WAY TO EXPLAIN HOW TO BE AND 

3133
02:36:17,810 --> 02:36:27,186
LIVE AND THIS IS POIGNANT IN THE

3134
02:36:27,186 --> 02:36:30,222
CONTEXT SHE SAID MERGE MERCY 

3135
02:36:30,222 --> 02:36:32,057
WITH MIGHT AND MIGHT WITH RIGHT 

3136
02:36:32,057 --> 02:36:33,292
AND I COULD NOT FIND A BETTER 

3137
02:36:33,292 --> 02:36:35,527
WAY TO DESCRIBE THE WAY THE 

3138
02:36:35,527 --> 02:36:36,261
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CAN PLAY IN 

3139
02:36:36,261 --> 02:36:40,132
EXPANDING THE ROLE OF CRISPR IN 

3140
02:36:40,132 --> 02:36:40,499
GNK DISEASE.

3141
02:36:40,499 --> 02:36:41,166
-- GENETIC DISEASE.

3142
02:36:41,166 --> 02:36:41,767
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR 

3143
02:36:41,767 --> 02:36:51,877
TIME.

3144
02:36:55,414 --> 02:36:56,115
>> THANK YOU.

3145
02:36:56,115 --> 02:36:58,384
WHILE OPEN FOR QUESTIONS BUT 

3146
02:36:58,384 --> 02:37:05,891
FIRST I THINK DAN RONESTEEN IS 

3147
02:37:05,891 --> 02:37:06,058
ON.

3148
02:37:06,058 --> 02:37:16,568
ANY COMMENTS YOU WANT TO MAKE?

3149
02:37:27,846 --> 02:37:30,783
>> THE ONLY THING TO ADD
FOR US 

3150
02:37:30,783 --> 02:37:34,686
IN THE GENETICS ESPECIALLY 

3151
02:37:34,686 --> 02:37:36,121
COMMUNITY KNOWING THE WORK THE 

3152
02:37:36,121 --> 02:37:37,022
IGI AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 

3153
02:37:37,022 --> 02:37:43,562
ACROSS THE COUNTRY ARE DOING AND

3154
02:37:43,562 --> 02:37:44,630
NINDS INVESTIGATORS MOVING THIS 

3155
02:37:44,630 --> 02:37:46,064
CLOSER TO THE TREATMENT OF 

3156
02:37:46,064 --> 02:37:50,702
ESPECIALLY FIRST OF ALL THE 

3157
02:37:50,702 --> 02:37:52,137
DEVASTATING EPILEPTIC 

3158
02:37:52,137 --> 02:37:56,108
ENCEPHALOPATHIES IS EXCITING AND

3159
02:37:56,108 --> 02:37:59,511
AS YOU KNOW THE GENETICS AND 

3160
02:37:59,511 --> 02:38:02,981
EPILEPSY WORKSHOP YOUR TEAM 

3161
02:38:02,981 --> 02:38:05,617
ORGANIZED IN JUNE FELT LIKE A 

3162
02:38:05,617 --> 02:38:06,585
WATERSHED MOMENT IN THE FIELD 

3163
02:38:06,585 --> 02:38:07,820
BECAUSE GENETICS HAVE LED THE 

3164
02:38:07,820 --> 02:38:10,689
ADVANCES OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS 

3165
02:38:10,689 --> 02:38:12,424
AND NOW ARE ABLE TO DIAGNOSIS 

3166
02:38:12,424 --> 02:38:16,128
DIAGNOSE AN AMAZING NUMBER OF 

3167
02:38:16,128 --> 02:38:20,732
PATIENTS ESPECIALLY INFANTS AND 

3168
02:38:20,732 --> 02:38:28,140
CHILDREN TO THE POINT WE KNOW 

3169
02:38:28,140 --> 02:38:29,141
THE GENETIC ABNORMALITY AND 

3170
02:38:29,141 --> 02:38:32,110
THERE'S TREATMENTS COMING ON 

3171
02:38:32,110 --> 02:38:32,311
BOARD.

3172
02:38:32,311 --> 02:38:35,247
I APPRECIATE YOUR INVOLVEMENT.

3173
02:38:35,247 --> 02:38:37,249
THANK YOU.

3174
02:38:37,249 --> 02:38:38,917
>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR
LEADERSHIP

3175
02:38:38,917 --> 02:38:40,486
AND FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK

3176
02:38:40,486 --> 02:38:42,754
TO THE EPILEPSY COMMUNITY.

3177
02:38:42,754 --> 02:38:43,655
>> THANKS, DAN.

3178
02:38:43,655 --> 02:38:47,292
THANKS FOR COMING BACK TO 

3179
02:38:47,292 --> 02:38:49,828
COUNCIL AFTER WHAT MUST BE 15 

3180
02:38:49,828 --> 02:38:50,562
YEARS.

3181
02:38:50,562 --> 02:38:53,198
>> YEAH.

3182
02:38:53,198 --> 02:38:54,733
>> VERY PROVOCATIVE TERM
IN 

3183
02:38:54,733 --> 02:38:55,901
TERMS OF THINKING THINGS FORWARD

3184
02:38:55,901 --> 02:39:04,176
AND HOW TO SCALE UP.

3185
02:39:04,176 --> 02:39:09,548
QUESTIONS?

3186
02:39:09,548 --> 02:39:11,850
>> I THINK IN SMALL
MOLECULE 

3187
02:39:11,850 --> 02:39:13,118
DEVELOPMENT THE CHALLENGES ARE 

3188
02:39:13,118 --> 02:39:16,121
SIMILAR IN THE SENSE THE 

3189
02:39:16,121 --> 02:39:17,956
DELIVERY AGAINST THE RIGHT 

3190
02:39:17,956 --> 02:39:19,291
TISSUE THERE'S MOLECULAR 

3191
02:39:19,291 --> 02:39:20,559
EFFICACY YOU WANT TO HIT THE 

3192
02:39:20,559 --> 02:39:22,427
THINGS YOU THINK THE DRUG IS 

3193
02:39:22,427 --> 02:39:26,164
DESIGN FOR WELL AND WORK IT AND 

3194
02:39:26,164 --> 02:39:27,866
MINIMIZE OFF TARGET 

3195
02:39:27,866 --> 02:39:30,769
POSSIBILITIES FOR THE DRUG.

3196
02:39:30,769 --> 02:39:34,106
IN THE DISCUSSION ABOUT I GUESS 

3197
02:39:34,106 --> 02:39:40,012
FROM PETER MARKS' BUCKETING 

3198
02:39:40,012 --> 02:39:49,621
APPROACH THINKING OF BECAUSE EF 

3199
02:39:49,621 --> 02:39:56,128
THIS DETAILED CODING I DON'T 

3200
02:39:56,128 --> 02:39:58,163
KNOW HOW MUCH YOU HAVE TO WORRY 

3201
02:39:58,163 --> 02:40:08,640
ABOUT OFF TARGETING EFFECTS.

3202
02:40:22,087 --> 02:40:24,523
>> ASSESSING PHARM TALKS
IS 

3203
02:40:24,523 --> 02:40:25,691
COMPROMISED.

3204
02:40:25,691 --> 02:40:27,526
WHAT I MEAN IS GIVE ANY 

3205
02:40:27,526 --> 02:40:28,393
PROFESSIONAL EDITOR SUCH AS 

3206
02:40:28,393 --> 02:40:31,063
SOMEBODY AT THE IGI A GIVEN 

3207
02:40:31,063 --> 02:40:33,532
MUTATION AND THE PIPELINE TO 

3208
02:40:33,532 --> 02:40:35,367
SPIT OUT THE TOP EIGHT OPTIONS 

3209
02:40:35,367 --> 02:40:38,670
HOW TO FIX IT IS AUTOMATED.

3210
02:40:38,670 --> 02:40:42,274
THE IN CELL PIPELINE TO 

3211
02:40:42,274 --> 02:40:44,476
DETERMINE THE PHARMACOLOGY IS 

3212
02:40:44,476 --> 02:40:48,146
TURN KEY AND IMPORTANTLY AS 

3213
02:40:48,146 --> 02:40:58,690
SHOWN AND A RANGE OF OTHERS U

3214
02:40:59,992 --> 02:41:04,429
ULTIMUL

3215
02:41:04,429 --> 02:41:08,667
ULTIMIZING IS TURN KEY AND IT'S 

3216
02:41:08,667 --> 02:41:11,269
A SYNTHESIS OF A NUCLEAR ACID 

3217
02:41:11,269 --> 02:41:14,740
WHEN YOU HAVE IT AUTOMATED THE 

3218
02:41:14,740 --> 02:41:19,311
DERISKING IN TERMS OF POTENCY 

3219
02:41:19,311 --> 02:41:21,146
AND SPECIFICITY PLATFORMIZE AND 

3220
02:41:21,146 --> 02:41:23,782
CASTS A LIGHT ON WHERE THE 

3221
02:41:23,782 --> 02:41:26,918
BOTTLE NECK IS WHICH IS HOW TO 

3222
02:41:26,918 --> 02:41:28,120
TREAT MORE PEOPLE WITH THE 

3223
02:41:28,120 --> 02:41:28,553
PLATFORM.

3224
02:41:28,553 --> 02:41:29,588
I WANT TO BE CAREFUL.

3225
02:41:29,588 --> 02:41:31,223
THERE COULD BE OFF TARGETS WE 

3226
02:41:31,223 --> 02:41:33,792
DON'T KNOW ABOUT OR MUTATIONS WE

3227
02:41:33,792 --> 02:41:36,061
CANNOT REPAIR BUT THANKFULLY AS 

3228
02:41:36,061 --> 02:41:37,963
YOU KNOW WE HAVE TO GO TO THE 

3229
02:41:37,963 --> 02:41:40,298
CLINIC TO FIND OUT HOW TO SAFELY

3230
02:41:40,298 --> 02:41:41,533
EDIT PEOPLE.

3231
02:41:41,533 --> 02:41:46,271
I'M NOT ARGUING FOR ANYTHING 

3232
02:41:46,271 --> 02:41:47,773
BENIGN BUT THANK YOU FOR YOUR 

3233
02:41:47,773 --> 02:41:57,949
QUESTION.

3234
02:42:17,302 --> 02:42:18,603
>> I UNDERSTAND THERE'S
ONLY 

3235
02:42:18,603 --> 02:42:19,471
CERTAIN STATES THAT GIVE 

3236
02:42:19,471 --> 02:42:22,441
BENEFITS FOR PUBLIC BENEFIT 

3237
02:42:22,441 --> 02:42:22,774
CORPORATIONS.

3238
02:42:22,774 --> 02:42:23,909
COULD YOU DIG INTO THAT A LITTLE

3239
02:42:23,909 --> 02:42:24,509
BIT AND HAVE YOU LOOKED INTO 

3240
02:42:24,509 --> 02:42:34,619
THAT?

3241
02:42:35,220 --> 02:42:45,697
I WISH DR. CLEVELAND WERE HERE.

3242
02:43:10,455 --> 02:43:11,990
>> ANY STATE BY STATE 

3243
02:43:11,990 --> 02:43:12,924
SUBSTANTIATION THAT COULD BE 

3244
02:43:12,924 --> 02:43:15,594
VIABLE IF ULTIMATELY THAT 

3245
02:43:15,594 --> 02:43:16,661
PROVIDES A PATH TO CLINICAL 

3246
02:43:16,661 --> 02:43:19,931
TRIAL DATA TO BEGIN WITH AND 

3247
02:43:19,931 --> 02:43:21,233
ULTIMATELY TO EVEN A LOCALIZED 

3248
02:43:21,233 --> 02:43:25,570
SOLUTION AND WE COULD DO A 

3249
02:43:25,570 --> 02:43:28,340
CONTROL ONCE WE KNOW WHAT THE 

3250
02:43:28,340 --> 02:43:30,575
WORKING BITS ARE AND I REALIZE 

3251
02:43:30,575 --> 02:43:32,110
IT'S A GENERIC QUESTION.

3252
02:43:32,110 --> 02:43:33,845
MY NAME IS ON THE WONDERFUL 

3253
02:43:33,845 --> 02:43:35,847
PIECE BECAUSE I HAD TO SAY A FEW

3254
02:43:35,847 --> 02:43:39,184
THINGS ABOUT EDITING RATHER THAN

3255
02:43:39,184 --> 02:43:40,118
PVCs.

3256
02:43:40,118 --> 02:43:42,087
I'M EMBARRASSING MYSELF A LITTLE

3257
02:43:42,087 --> 02:43:42,254
BIT.

3258
02:43:42,254 --> 02:43:43,989
>> NO, NOT AT ALL.

3259
02:43:43,989 --> 02:43:44,956
THANK YOU.

3260
02:43:44,956 --> 02:43:47,092
THAT VERTISE WHAT WE'VE BEEN 

3261
02:43:47,092 --> 02:43:48,960
FINDING AND I'LL DIG INTO THE 

3262
02:43:48,960 --> 02:43:50,028
TOPIC A LITTLE BIT MORE.

3263
02:43:50,028 --> 02:43:51,997
MY SECOND QUESTION I HAVE TO 

3264
02:43:51,997 --> 02:43:56,134
THANK YOU FOR POINTING OUT THE 

3265
02:43:56,134 --> 02:43:58,737
ECONOMIC ISSUES THAT COME GENE 

3266
02:43:58,737 --> 02:44:01,573
EDITING AND MAKING GENE EDITING 

3267
02:44:01,573 --> 02:44:03,475
AVAILABLE ON THE SNA COMMUNITY 

3268
02:44:03,475 --> 02:44:05,577
FOR SOME TIME ABOUT THE COST 

3269
02:44:05,577 --> 02:44:08,847
RELATED TO ACCESS TO THAT GENE.

3270
02:44:08,847 --> 02:44:10,048
IT SPEAKS TO THE SECOND VALLEY 

3271
02:44:10,048 --> 02:44:10,916
OF DEATH FOR THE NEW 

3272
02:44:10,916 --> 02:44:13,451
TECHNOLOGIES COMING FORWARD IS 

3273
02:44:13,451 --> 02:44:15,453
CLINICAL ADOPTION AND HOW DO 

3274
02:44:15,453 --> 02:44:17,622
PEOPLE PAY FOR THAT.

3275
02:44:17,622 --> 02:44:20,859
 IN YOUR PROPOSITION HOW DO YOU 

3276
02:44:20,859 --> 02:44:22,394
INTEGRATE THE HEALTH ECONOMIC 

3277
02:44:22,394 --> 02:44:23,829
STUDIES TO HELP ALLOW GETTING 

3278
02:44:23,829 --> 02:44:25,931
OVER THE SECOND VALLEY OF DEATH 

3279
02:44:25,931 --> 02:44:26,932
OF CLINICAL ADOPTION AND ACCESS 

3280
02:44:26,932 --> 02:44:33,672
FOR THE COMMUNITIES THAT WE'RE 

3281
02:44:33,672 --> 02:44:38,910
TARGETING KNOWING THEY'RE  OUT 

3282
02:44:38,910 --> 02:44:39,110
THERE.

3283
02:44:39,110 --> 02:44:42,547
>> I HAVE SPOKEN WITH
PEOPLE WHO

3284
02:44:42,547 --> 02:44:46,484
THINK ABOUT THIS AND THE DUKE 

3285
02:44:46,484 --> 02:44:48,887
MARGOLIS INSTITUTE INVITED ME TO

3286
02:44:48,887 --> 02:44:50,555
WORKSHOPS IN THAT SPACE AND I 

3287
02:44:50,555 --> 02:44:53,158
GOT TO TALK TO PEOPLE ABOUT DO 

3288
02:44:53,158 --> 02:44:54,292
THIS FOR A LIVING.

3289
02:44:54,292 --> 02:44:57,128
FIRST, THE COST OF GOODS SOLD OF

3290
02:44:57,128 --> 02:44:57,762
THE THERAPEUTIC CANNOT BE WHAT 

3291
02:44:57,762 --> 02:45:02,033
IT IS RIGHT NOW.

3292
02:45:02,033 --> 02:45:04,302
ONE REASON THE COMPANIES CHARGE 

3293
02:45:04,302 --> 02:45:07,572
THIS MUCH THEY'RE RECOUPING THE 

3294
02:45:07,572 --> 02:45:10,775
COST OF SYNTHESIZING.

3295
02:45:10,775 --> 02:45:13,478
CRISPR IS A CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS 

3296
02:45:13,478 --> 02:45:15,647
AND THE SCALABLE MANUFACTURE I 

3297
02:45:15,647 --> 02:45:21,219
DESCRIBED COULD PUSH THE COST OF

3298
02:45:21,219 --> 02:45:24,623
THAT TO REALLY BELOW $100K.

3299
02:45:24,623 --> 02:45:26,892
I THINK IT'S IMPERATIVE WE NOT 

3300
02:45:26,892 --> 02:45:28,059
TREAT GENETIC DISEASES BASED ON 

3301
02:45:28,059 --> 02:45:29,661
INDIVIDUAL MUTATIONS.

3302
02:45:29,661 --> 02:45:31,129
WE CANNOT HAVE A SETTING WHERE 

3303
02:45:31,129 --> 02:45:34,532
AN APPROVED DRUG IS A CRISPR 

3304
02:45:34,532 --> 02:45:44,109
THAT FIXES THE MUTATION IN MARY.

3305
02:45:44,109 --> 02:45:47,245
IF WE GO THROUGH THAT PROCESSING

3306
02:45:47,245 --> 02:45:48,880
THE COST CAN DESTROY A COMPANY 

3307
02:45:48,880 --> 02:45:53,451
EVEN THE SIZE OF LILY.

3308
02:45:53,451 --> 02:45:54,119
THE LICENSE AUTHORIZATION HAS TO

3309
02:45:54,119 --> 02:45:56,354
HAVE EMBEDDED IN IT THE ABILITY 

3310
02:45:56,354 --> 02:46:00,191
TO MANUFACTURE AND ADMINISTER TO

3311
02:46:00,191 --> 02:46:04,462
A PATIENT AN INDIVIDUALIZED 

3312
02:46:04,462 --> 02:46:04,696
CRISPR.

3313
02:46:04,696 --> 02:46:09,801
IN ALL OF MY CONVERSATIONS WITH 

3314
02:46:09,801 --> 02:46:11,770
PEOPLE FROM CMS FROM 

3315
02:46:11,770 --> 02:46:13,271
PUBLIC-PRIVATE INSURERS PEOPLE 

3316
02:46:13,271 --> 02:46:16,641
WHO THINK ABOUT PLANS, BASICALLY

3317
02:46:16,641 --> 02:46:22,180
THE NUMBER FROM $100,000 TO 

3318
02:46:22,180 --> 02:46:24,115
$200,000 PER PATIENT I'M TOLD IS

3319
02:46:24,115 --> 02:46:26,351
THE REALISTIC PRICE TAG WHERE IT

3320
02:46:26,351 --> 02:46:28,920
COULD BE SUSTAINABLE WHERE RIGHT

3321
02:46:28,920 --> 02:46:33,558
NOW IT'S $3 MILLION TO $4 

3322
02:46:33,558 --> 02:46:35,760
MILLION AND WE'RE NOT ASKING FOR

3323
02:46:35,760 --> 02:46:42,934
A $50 CRISPR AND MY 

3324
02:46:42,934 --> 02:46:44,502
UNDERSTANDING IS THE MECHANICS 

3325
02:46:44,502 --> 02:46:45,003
COULD WORK OUT.

3326
02:46:45,003 --> 02:46:47,372
I HOPE I DID NOT OVERSTEP BY 

3327
02:46:47,372 --> 02:46:52,110
SAYING THINGS I DON'T COMPLETELY

3328
02:46:52,110 --> 02:46:53,311
UNDERSTAND.

3329
02:46:53,311 --> 02:46:57,782
 EICHLER HOW GOOD TO SEE YOU.

3330
02:46:57,782 --> 02:46:59,784
A FELLOW GENE EDITOR.

3331
02:46:59,784 --> 02:47:02,320
>> AS ALWAYS A TOUR DE
FORCE.

3332
02:47:02,320 --> 02:47:09,227
SO MUCH TO LEARN FROM YOU.

3333
02:47:09,227 --> 02:47:10,328
I LOVE HOW YOU'RE TRYING TO 

3334
02:47:10,328 --> 02:47:13,164
SCALE UP AND ACCELERATE THIS AND

3335
02:47:13,164 --> 02:47:18,403
BRING IT TO THE CLINIC.

3336
02:47:18,403 --> 02:47:20,705
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A SIMPLE

3337
02:47:20,705 --> 02:47:22,240
CLINICIAN DOING GENE THERAPY I 

3338
02:47:22,240 --> 02:47:28,113
SEE OTHER PERSPECTIVES AND 

3339
02:47:28,113 --> 02:47:32,117
DIMENSIONS THAT ARE HOPEFULLY 

3340
02:47:32,117 --> 02:47:32,417
SYNERGISTIC.

3341
02:47:32,417 --> 02:47:33,885
THE DELIVERY SHOULD NOT BE THE 

3342
02:47:33,885 --> 02:47:35,587
OBSTACLE BUT STANDING IN THE WAY

3343
02:47:35,587 --> 02:47:37,222
OF SCALING UP BECAUSE DISEASE 

3344
02:47:37,222 --> 02:47:38,390
CONTEXT MATTERS AND WHAT CELLS 

3345
02:47:38,390 --> 02:47:43,028
WE WANT TO GET TO AND WHAT IS 

3346
02:47:43,028 --> 02:47:46,531
OFFERED AND THE REACTIONS TO 

3347
02:47:46,531 --> 02:47:53,838
VIRAL PARTICLES AND HAVEN'T 

3348
02:47:53,838 --> 02:47:56,041
STANDARDIZED OUR ASSAYS AND 

3349
02:47:56,041 --> 02:47:58,043
DON'T KNOW HOW TO INSERT OUR 

3350
02:47:58,043 --> 02:47:59,577
GENESIS ACROSS TRIALS.

3351
02:47:59,577 --> 02:48:03,648
I WORRY A LITTLE BIT AS WE'RE 

3352
02:48:03,648 --> 02:48:05,283
GOING TO CLINIC HOW CAN WE LEARN

3353
02:48:05,283 --> 02:48:06,651
SO WE DON'T HAVE SETBACKS LIKE 

3354
02:48:06,651 --> 02:48:16,828
20 YEARS.

3355
02:48:24,602 --> 02:48:26,838
THERE'S ASOs AND VIRAL VECTOR 

3356
02:48:26,838 --> 02:48:29,674
AND CRISPR.

3357
02:48:29,674 --> 02:48:35,747
IN MANY WAYS ASOs ARE PROOF OF 

3358
02:48:35,747 --> 02:48:37,115
CONCEPT TARGETING SINGLE RNA 

3359
02:48:37,115 --> 02:48:39,551
WORKS WHY NOT USE THAT TO 

3360
02:48:39,551 --> 02:48:41,920
LEVERAGE AND CONVERT TO A CHRIS 

3361
02:48:41,920 --> 02:48:42,987
PER.

3362
02:48:42,987 --> 02:48:45,723
HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT THOSE 

3363
02:48:45,723 --> 02:48:51,162
KINDS OF PAIRINGS AND CONTEXTUAL

3364
02:48:51,162 --> 02:48:51,663
THINKINGS.

3365
02:48:51,663 --> 02:48:52,831
>> SIMPLE CLINICIAN IS NOT
THE 

3366
02:48:52,831 --> 02:49:01,639
WAY TO DESCRIBE THEM.

3367
02:49:01,639 --> 02:49:02,740
IT'S ABOUT THE CLINICAL 

3368
02:49:02,740 --> 02:49:09,280
EXPERTISE AND MASTERY.

3369
02:49:09,280 --> 02:49:12,650
ASOs TRACK FOR PATH AND CRISPR 

3370
02:49:12,650 --> 02:49:12,884
FOLLOWS.

3371
02:49:12,884 --> 02:49:15,386
THE NIH FUNDED PROGRAM TO DO 

3372
02:49:15,386 --> 02:49:23,761
GENE EDITING FOR SMA I THINK 

3373
02:49:23,761 --> 02:49:27,332
THEY'LL DOSE MODEST AMOUNTS OF 

3374
02:49:27,332 --> 02:49:29,334
THE EDITOR AND TAKE IT AND SEE.

3375
02:49:29,334 --> 02:49:32,470
I AGREE WE HAVE TO TAKE ALL THE 

3376
02:49:32,470 --> 02:49:34,139
LEARNINGS FROM THE ASO COMMUNITY

3377
02:49:34,139 --> 02:49:35,907
AND BE A FAST FOLLOW WHERE THE 

3378
02:49:35,907 --> 02:49:39,611
KEY ISSUES HAVE BEEN TO SOME 

3379
02:49:39,611 --> 02:49:42,480
EXTENT ADDRESSED.

3380
02:49:42,480 --> 02:49:45,016
YOUR FIRST QUESTION ABOUT THE 

3381
02:49:45,016 --> 02:49:47,919
REALM OF THE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN 

3382
02:49:47,919 --> 02:49:49,454
DELIVERIES AND COMPLEXITY OF 

3383
02:49:49,454 --> 02:49:52,423
DISEASE BIOLOGY, I THINK IT'S 

3384
02:49:52,423 --> 02:49:55,026
OBJECTIVELY THE BIGGEST 

3385
02:49:55,026 --> 02:49:55,293
OBSTACLE.

3386
02:49:55,293 --> 02:49:57,962
LET ME OFFER A WAY THE FIELD HAS

3387
02:49:57,962 --> 02:49:59,597
PROGRESSED THAT COULD BE A 

3388
02:49:59,597 --> 02:50:03,902
CHARTED PATH.

3389
02:50:03,902 --> 02:50:05,837
I MENTIONED NANO PARTICLE 

3390
02:50:05,837 --> 02:50:09,240
DELIVERY OF A BASE EDITOR TO 

3391
02:50:09,240 --> 02:50:12,043
DISRUPT SPLICING FOR 

3392
02:50:12,043 --> 02:50:18,249
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

3393
02:50:18,249 --> 02:50:19,684
THEY CHOSE TO USE WHAT EXISTED 

3394
02:50:19,684 --> 02:50:22,453
AT THE THE TIME, ADENO 

3395
02:50:22,453 --> 02:50:24,656
ASSOCIATED VIRUS.

3396
02:50:24,656 --> 02:50:26,224
FURTHERMORE, BASE EDITING DIDN'T

3397
02:50:26,224 --> 02:50:26,491
EXIST.

3398
02:50:26,491 --> 02:50:28,927
IT WAS INVENTED IN 2017.

3399
02:50:28,927 --> 02:50:31,196
THEY CHOSE TO USE A CONVENTIONAL

3400
02:50:31,196 --> 02:50:31,462
NUCLEASE.

3401
02:50:31,462 --> 02:50:33,198
THE WAY I'M THINKING ABOUT IT 

3402
02:50:33,198 --> 02:50:37,035
AND THINK IT'S THE SEG IS A FIVE

3403
02:50:37,035 --> 02:50:42,073
YEAR PROGRAM AND NOT TWO-YEAR 

3404
02:50:42,073 --> 02:50:44,108
PROGRAM.

3405
02:50:44,108 --> 02:50:47,612
THERE'S INCREMENTAL PROBLEMS OF 

3406
02:50:47,612 --> 02:50:49,981
THE SPACES COULD LEVERAGE 

3407
02:50:49,981 --> 02:50:50,982
PARALLEL TRACK ADVANCES ACROSS 

3408
02:50:50,982 --> 02:50:53,017
ALL THE FACETS.

3409
02:50:53,017 --> 02:50:54,953
I'M ARGUING I AGREE WITH YOU 

3410
02:50:54,953 --> 02:50:57,622
THERE'S SO MUCH WE DON'T KNOW 

3411
02:50:57,622 --> 02:50:58,790
ABOUT HOW TO SAFELY DELIVER 

3412
02:50:58,790 --> 02:51:01,960
LARGE AMOUNTS OF CRISPR TO LARGE

3413
02:51:01,960 --> 02:51:03,661
CHUNKS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BUT

3414
02:51:03,661 --> 02:51:05,096
BUILDING FEDERALLY SUPPORTED 

3415
02:51:05,096 --> 02:51:06,598
PROGRAMS THAT DO SO IN A 

3416
02:51:06,598 --> 02:51:09,234
MEASURED WAY WE'LL BE ABLE TO 

3417
02:51:09,234 --> 02:51:12,637
LOOK AT INNOVATION FROM AROUND 

3418
02:51:12,637 --> 02:51:15,807
THE FIELD TO SAY LOOK WHAT WAS 

3419
02:51:15,807 --> 02:51:21,746
JUST INVENTED AT STANFORD?

3420
02:51:21,746 --> 02:51:32,156
LIKE I DON'T WANT TO BE 

3421
02:51:47,939 --> 02:51:50,208
POLLYANISH BUT IT COULD WORK.

3422
02:51:50,208 --> 02:51:51,643
>> STIMULATING.

3423
02:51:51,643 --> 02:51:56,748
THANK YOU FOR THAT.

3424
02:51:56,748 --> 02:51:58,549
BECAUSE SOME BASIS FOR BEING 

3425
02:51:58,549 --> 02:52:03,354
WORRIED ABOUT ELEMENTS.

3426
02:52:03,354 --> 02:52:07,925
IT THE PLATFORMIZATION INVOLVED 

3427
02:52:07,925 --> 02:52:09,894
THE PRIORITY SECTOR ENTITIES 

3428
02:52:09,894 --> 02:52:11,763
COULD POTENTIALLY SLOW THINGS TO

3429
02:52:11,763 --> 02:52:14,165
SAY IF THAT COULD BE DISPERSED 

3430
02:52:14,165 --> 02:52:17,435
AND SHARED AMONG ACADEMICS THE 

3431
02:52:17,435 --> 02:52:20,438
WAVE WOULD BE FURTHER ADVANCED.

3432
02:52:20,438 --> 02:52:22,140
I'M INTERESTED TO HEAR YOUR 

3433
02:52:22,140 --> 02:52:24,108
THOUGHTS HOW THAT COULD PLAY OUT

3434
02:52:24,108 --> 02:52:29,514
AND SECONDLY, SOME OF US HAVE 

3435
02:52:29,514 --> 02:52:31,716
BEEN BRUISED BY CONFLICTS WITH 

3436
02:52:31,716 --> 02:52:35,086
THE FDA AND HOPE WHAT YOU SAID 

3437
02:52:35,086 --> 02:52:41,759
ABOUT PETER MARKS' WILLINGNESS 

3438
02:52:41,759 --> 02:52:43,428
TO CONSIDER NEW MODELS WILL PAN 

3439
02:52:43,428 --> 02:52:47,165
OUT BECAUSE WHAT YOU ARGUED IS 

3440
02:52:47,165 --> 02:52:49,500
CONTINGENT OF A NEW WAY OF 

3441
02:52:49,500 --> 02:52:55,139
THINKING IN THE FDA AND FOR 

3442
02:52:55,139 --> 02:52:56,674
WALTER, THIS IS AN EXTRAORDINARY

3443
02:52:56,674 --> 02:52:58,276
SET OF DEVELOPMENTS.

3444
02:52:58,276 --> 02:53:00,111
THE NINDS IS A GREAT PLACE TO 

3445
02:53:00,111 --> 02:53:07,485
START BUT THIS APPLIES ACROSS 

3446
02:53:07,485 --> 02:53:13,391
SPECTRUM OF NIA MEDICINES.

3447
02:53:13,391 --> 02:53:17,829
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
LEADERSHIP.

3448
02:53:17,829 --> 02:53:20,932
42 WAY TO THINK ABOUT THE KEY 

3449
02:53:20,932 --> 02:53:22,400
COMPONENT OF INTELLECTUAL 

3450
02:53:22,400 --> 02:53:22,734
PROPERTIES.

3451
02:53:22,734 --> 02:53:23,968
NEVER CONSIDER THIS AS A ZERO 

3452
02:53:23,968 --> 02:53:24,235
SUM GAME.

3453
02:53:24,235 --> 02:53:26,471
WE'RE NOT TRYING TO PUT THE BIO 

3454
02:53:26,471 --> 02:53:28,806
TECHS OUT OF BUSINESS.

3455
02:53:28,806 --> 02:53:30,007
THEY'RE PROPRIETARY SOLUTIONS 

3456
02:53:30,007 --> 02:53:32,276
THAT CAN BE PLUG AND PLAYED IN 

3457
02:53:32,276 --> 02:53:36,781
THIS PLATFORM SHOULD BE 

3458
02:53:36,781 --> 02:53:37,081
PROTECTIVE.

3459
02:53:37,081 --> 02:53:38,149
I THINK THERE'S ENOUGH TO 

3460
02:53:38,149 --> 02:53:43,755
KNOW-HOW IN THE FIELD TO HAVE 

3461
02:53:43,755 --> 02:53:50,094
THE M.V.P. FOR CRISPR CURES 

3462
02:53:50,094 --> 02:53:52,096
CONTAIN METHODS OUT THERE.

3463
02:53:52,096 --> 02:53:53,931
I'M SADDENED FOR MY COLLEAGUES 

3464
02:53:53,931 --> 02:53:55,533
IN THE FOR PROFIT SECTOR BECAUSE

3465
02:53:55,533 --> 02:53:57,468
OF HOW MANY LAYOFFS THEY'VE HAD 

3466
02:53:57,468 --> 02:53:57,969
TO DO.

3467
02:53:57,969 --> 02:54:00,905
A MAJOR GENE EDITING WENT $270 

3468
02:54:00,905 --> 02:54:03,674
MILLION IN CASH TO NOBODY.

3469
02:54:03,674 --> 02:54:05,343
THEY ARE HAVING A TOUGH TIME 

3470
02:54:05,343 --> 02:54:07,178
RIGHT NOW.

3471
02:54:07,178 --> 02:54:08,079
THAT WORK DOESN'T EXIST SO THEY 

3472
02:54:08,079 --> 02:54:11,416
DON'T KNOW HOW TO MONETIZE THEIR

3473
02:54:11,416 --> 02:54:11,883
PLATFORMS.

3474
02:54:11,883 --> 02:54:14,452
I'M MODESTLY HOPEFUL WHEN WE DO 

3475
02:54:14,452 --> 02:54:16,654
THIS THEY ARE WILL NOT SEE THIS 

3476
02:54:16,654 --> 02:54:20,858
AS AN ENCROACHMENT OF THEIR IP 

3477
02:54:20,858 --> 02:54:23,027
BUT ENABLEMENT TO APPROVE 

3478
02:54:23,027 --> 02:54:23,294
MEDICINES.

3479
02:54:23,294 --> 02:54:25,163
I GOT SAD THINKING ABOUT MY 

3480
02:54:25,163 --> 02:54:27,398
FRIENDS IN INDUSTRY AND FOR GET 

3481
02:54:27,398 --> 02:54:28,099
YOUR SECOND QUESTION.

3482
02:54:28,099 --> 02:54:29,500
I'M SORRY.

3483
02:54:29,500 --> 02:54:32,069
>> THE LIKELIHOOD THE FDA
WILL 

3484
02:54:32,069 --> 02:54:38,543
RECOVER ITS WAY FORWARD?

3485
02:54:38,543 --> 02:54:45,082
>> IF I COULD PRAY FOR
PETER 

3486
02:54:45,082 --> 02:54:47,385
MARKS' LEADERSHIP I WOULD AND 

3487
02:54:47,385 --> 02:54:48,753
THE DIRECTOR OF THERAPEUTICS AND

3488
02:54:48,753 --> 02:54:51,422
MANY FOLKS AT THE AGENCY, I 

3489
02:54:51,422 --> 02:54:53,391
NEVER DREAMT THAT AT LEAST FOR 

3490
02:54:53,391 --> 02:54:57,795
MY FOCUSSED FIELD OF CRISPR 

3491
02:54:57,795 --> 02:55:00,131
CURES, CBAR LEADERSHIP WOULD 

3492
02:55:00,131 --> 02:55:01,232
WELCOME INNOVATION AND PETER 

3493
02:55:01,232 --> 02:55:04,101
MARKS SAID THIS YEAR AND NEXT 

3494
02:55:04,101 --> 02:55:09,273
YEAR SHOULD BE THEIR POINT OF 

3495
02:55:09,273 --> 02:55:12,944
OPENING THE SPACE TO NEW CURES 

3496
02:55:12,944 --> 02:55:18,316
AND WE WANT TO GIVE SPECIFIC 

3497
02:55:18,316 --> 02:55:20,117
PRACTICE.

3498
02:55:20,117 --> 02:55:22,019
WE SHOULD BE WALKING THE WALK AS

3499
02:55:22,019 --> 02:55:27,124
THEY TALK THE TALK.

3500
02:55:27,124 --> 02:55:31,596
I HAD MY DEALING WITH THE AGENCY

3501
02:55:31,596 --> 02:55:41,839
AND I THINK THERE'S MOMENTUM.

3502
02:55:41,839 --> 02:55:42,773
ONE STEP AT A TIME.

3503
02:55:42,773 --> 02:55:48,145
>> FABULOUS TALK AND
VICKS.

3504
02:55:48,145 --> 02:55:48,212
6:

3505
02:55:53,084 --> 02:55:54,352
-- VISION.

3506
02:55:54,352 --> 02:55:55,887
THERE'S EDITING TECHNOLOGIES 

3507
02:55:55,887 --> 02:55:57,421
WHERE YOU FIX THE BASE AND WHERE

3508
02:55:57,421 --> 02:55:59,590
THERE'S A REDUCTION IN GENE 

3509
02:55:59,590 --> 02:56:02,126
FUNCTION YOU SURELY HAVE THOUGHT

3510
02:56:02,126 --> 02:56:08,232
ABOUT THE IMPACTS BIOLOGICALLY 

3511
02:56:08,232 --> 02:56:10,134
AND HAVE YOU FACTORED IN THOSE 

3512
02:56:10,134 --> 02:56:15,006
KINDS OF STUDIES IN TERMS OF HOW

3513
02:56:15,006 --> 02:56:17,842
THE SPEED WITH WHICH YOU'RE 

3514
02:56:17,842 --> 02:56:20,278
PROGRESSING WILL TAKE INTO 

3515
02:56:20,278 --> 02:56:26,217
ACCOUNT THE HETEROZYGOSITY 

3516
02:56:26,217 --> 02:56:27,318
WITHIN STEM CELLS OR TISSUES HOW

3517
02:56:27,318 --> 02:56:29,053
THAT MIGHT IMPACT HEALTH AND 

3518
02:56:29,053 --> 02:56:34,258
DOES THAT BECOME AN ISSUE AS YOU

3519
02:56:34,258 --> 02:56:35,593
THINK OF THE SPEED AND COST WITH

3520
02:56:35,593 --> 02:56:37,728
WHICH YOU CAN MOVE FORWARD 

3521
02:56:37,728 --> 02:56:41,365
EFFECTIVELY IF THEY BECOME 

3522
02:56:41,365 --> 02:56:42,433
ISSUES MOVING FORWARD?

3523
02:56:42,433 --> 02:56:45,303
>> YES WITH A CAPITAL Y.

3524
02:56:45,303 --> 02:56:52,109
MY FIRST PROGRAM TO DO GENOME 

3525
02:56:52,109 --> 02:56:53,945
EDITING WAS HUNTINGTON'S AFTER 

3526
02:56:53,945 --> 02:56:59,884
LEARNING ABOUT SELECTIVE TO 

3527
02:56:59,884 --> 02:57:00,484
NON-SELECTIVE APPROACHES TO 

3528
02:57:00,484 --> 02:57:03,054
SILENCE HDT AND FOR DOWN AND UP 

3529
02:57:03,054 --> 02:57:06,457
REGULATION IF YOU THINK OF 

3530
02:57:06,457 --> 02:57:09,327
ACTIVATING THE CHANNEL.

3531
02:57:09,327 --> 02:57:11,395
MY ADVICE IS WE SHOULD START IN 

3532
02:57:11,395 --> 02:57:12,930
DISEASE INDICATIONS WHERE WE DO 

3533
02:57:12,930 --> 02:57:16,267
NOT HAVE TO CLIMB THE MOUNTAIN 

3534
02:57:16,267 --> 02:57:23,040
INITIALLY.

3535
02:57:23,040 --> 02:57:28,012
WE THUD  -- SHOULD IS A READ OUT

3536
02:57:28,012 --> 02:57:32,984
AT A CELL, ORGANOID, NON-ANIMAL 

3537
02:57:32,984 --> 02:57:37,722
MODEL AND NON-TARGET ENGAGEMENT 

3538
02:57:37,722 --> 02:57:40,825
AND IN THOSE PLACES WHERE IT 

3539
02:57:40,825 --> 02:57:43,427
BECOMES SECONDARY TO 

3540
02:57:43,427 --> 02:57:45,396
ESTABLISHING THE MANUFACTURING 

3541
02:57:45,396 --> 02:57:47,565
FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY 

3542
02:57:47,565 --> 02:57:49,300
FRAMEWORK AND PLATFORMIZATION.

3543
02:57:49,300 --> 02:57:53,437
WE HAVE THE IMPORTANT ISSUE OF 

3544
02:57:53,437 --> 02:57:54,171
BI-DISTRIBUTION.

3545
02:57:54,171 --> 02:57:56,107
THE PROTEINS WE ENGINEER WHETHER

3546
02:57:56,107 --> 02:57:57,908
THEY'RE PROTEINS OR EPIGENOME 

3547
02:57:57,908 --> 02:58:00,111
EDITORS THEY HAVE A GRADIENT 

3548
02:58:00,111 --> 02:58:01,278
DISTRIBUTION OF THE TISSUE AND 

3549
02:58:01,278 --> 02:58:05,783
AS THEY ARE DISTRIBUTE THE 

3550
02:58:05,783 --> 02:58:06,484
PHARMACO DYNAMIC PROFILE CHANGES

3551
02:58:06,484 --> 02:58:09,253
BECAUSE OF DISTRIBUTION.

3552
02:58:09,253 --> 02:58:11,722
AS EVIDENCED BY THE RECENT 

3553
02:58:11,722 --> 02:58:14,225
CLINICAL DATA WHERE THEY'RE 

3554
02:58:14,225 --> 02:58:16,661
DOSING AAD FOR RHETT AND IT'S 

3555
02:58:16,661 --> 02:58:19,597
ALMOST A DOSAGE RELEVANT GENE.

3556
02:58:19,597 --> 02:58:24,201
OTHER THAN A HUNTINGTON, MB2 IS 

3557
02:58:24,201 --> 02:58:25,636
SURELY THE GENE.

3558
02:58:25,636 --> 02:58:28,105
CAUTIOUSLY AND WITH BENEFIT RISK

3559
02:58:28,105 --> 02:58:30,074
WE BASICALLY HAVE TO TRY.

3560
02:58:30,074 --> 02:58:31,842
I AGREE WITH YOU, MY PREFERENCE 

3561
02:58:31,842 --> 02:58:36,113
LET'S JUST PREPARE A CAUSATIVE 

3562
02:58:36,113 --> 02:58:37,615
MUTATION PRISTINELY AND THAT'S 

3563
02:58:37,615 --> 02:58:38,516
THE STARTING POINT AND 

3564
02:58:38,516 --> 02:58:39,283
UNFORTUNATELY THERE'S PLENTY OF 

3565
02:58:39,283 --> 02:58:49,593
EXAMPLES LIKE THAT.

3566
02:58:49,593 --> 02:58:51,362
>> IN MANY CASES YOU HAVE
TO 

3567
02:58:51,362 --> 02:58:53,798
THINK ABOUT NOT JUST THE 

3568
02:58:53,798 --> 02:58:55,066
DELIVERY OF THE TECHNOLOGY BUT 

3569
02:58:55,066 --> 02:58:58,636
THE BIOLOGICAL TARGET AND I'M 

3570
02:58:58,636 --> 02:58:59,670
COMING FROM THE DUCHENNE FIELD 

3571
02:58:59,670 --> 02:59:04,108
WHERE WE HAD A MORTALITY WITH AN

3572
02:59:04,108 --> 02:59:08,279
EARLY CRISPR  EMPHASIZING WHAT 

3573
02:59:08,279 --> 02:59:10,247
YOU'RE DOING WITH THE UP AND 

3574
02:59:10,247 --> 02:59:12,116
DOWN REGULATING AND WHAT DOES 

3575
02:59:12,116 --> 02:59:14,919
THAT HAPPEN IN THE INDIVIDUAL 

3576
02:59:14,919 --> 02:59:18,589
CIRCUMSTANCES VERSUS YEARS 

3577
02:59:18,589 --> 02:59:20,424
PLATFORM MORE GENERALLY?

3578
02:59:20,424 --> 02:59:22,093
>> HOW MUCH TIME DO I HAVE
TO 

3579
02:59:22,093 --> 02:59:23,627
ADDRESS THIS POINT?

3580
02:59:23,627 --> 02:59:24,128
20 MINUTES?

3581
02:59:24,128 --> 02:59:24,862
JUST KIDDING.

3582
02:59:24,862 --> 02:59:27,298
THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU.

3583
02:59:27,298 --> 02:59:30,534
WE HAVE HAD A TRAGEDY.

3584
02:59:30,534 --> 02:59:34,772
THE BROTHER OF A HUMAN BEING WHO

3585
02:59:34,772 --> 02:59:45,282
HAD MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND A 

3586
02:59:45,716 --> 02:59:50,955
PERSON DIED WITHIN DAYS OF 

3587
02:59:50,955 --> 02:59:51,455
DOSING.

3588
02:59:51,455 --> 02:59:54,325
SUBSEQUENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THE 

3589
02:59:54,325 --> 02:59:57,161
PATIENT'S HEART WAS TOO FIBROTIC

3590
02:59:57,161 --> 02:59:59,697
AND IT OVERLOADED THE LATER BUT 

3591
02:59:59,697 --> 03:00:01,866
AT THE END OF THE DAY EVERY 

3592
03:00:01,866 --> 03:00:03,534
INDIVIDUAL IS THAT INDIVIDUAL OF

3593
03:00:03,534 --> 03:00:05,269
A CASE AND WE WILL NOT KNOWFUL 

3594
03:00:05,269 --> 03:00:11,475
WE GO -- KNOW UNTIL WE TWO 

3595
03:00:11,475 --> 03:00:12,109
FORWARD.

3596
03:00:12,109 --> 03:00:14,245
THE REASON I'M GRATEFUL FOR YOU 

3597
03:00:14,245 --> 03:00:18,582
SAYING THIS IS WE LOOK AT THE 

3598
03:00:18,582 --> 03:00:20,117
FIRST GENE THERAPY TRIAL AT THE 

3599
03:00:20,117 --> 03:00:25,156
NIH IN 1989, I'M ARE NOT AWARE 

3600
03:00:25,156 --> 03:00:26,991
OF A SINGLE ADVERSE EVENT THAT 

3601
03:00:26,991 --> 03:00:30,461
WOULD HAVE BEEN PREDICTED FROM 

3602
03:00:30,461 --> 03:00:32,129
NON-CLINICAL STUDIES.

3603
03:00:32,129 --> 03:00:36,133
CY

3604
03:00:36,133 --> 03:00:38,102
CYTEOKINE RELEASE AND THE CANCER

3605
03:00:38,102 --> 03:00:38,869
ON THE SICKLE CELL DISEASE 

3606
03:00:38,869 --> 03:00:42,072
THERAPY TRIAL, NO SYSTEM TO 

3607
03:00:42,072 --> 03:00:44,742
PREDICTS THAT.

3608
03:00:44,742 --> 03:00:49,880
TIM WU WILL BE THE FIRST TO SEE 

3609
03:00:49,880 --> 03:01:00,357
THE ENCEPHALITITION  IS -- 

3610
03:01:02,960 --> 03:01:03,894
ENCEPHALITIS DID IN THE SHOW 

3611
03:01:03,894 --> 03:01:05,162
CERTAIN SIGNS AND I'M NOT A 

3612
03:01:05,162 --> 03:01:06,130
PHYSICIAN I'M A SCIENTIST BUST 

3613
03:01:06,130 --> 03:01:08,899
WE HAVE TO ACCEPT A CERTAIN 

3614
03:01:08,899 --> 03:01:11,302
AMOUNT OF UNKNOWNS AS YOU KNOW 

3615
03:01:11,302 --> 03:01:11,902
VERY WELL.

3616
03:01:11,902 --> 03:01:14,038
THIS IS WHY I THINK BENEFIT RISK

3617
03:01:14,038 --> 03:01:15,272
CONSIDERATIONS ARE PARAMOUNT AND

3618
03:01:15,272 --> 03:01:17,074
WHY THE ICG IS FOCUSSED ON 

3619
03:01:17,074 --> 03:01:18,242
SEVERE DISEASES.

3620
03:01:18,242 --> 03:01:20,711
ULTIMATELY I'M CONVINCED THE SUM

3621
03:01:20,711 --> 03:01:22,179
TOTAL OF LEARNINGS WILL GIVE US 

3622
03:01:22,179 --> 03:01:29,753
MORE OF A BIGGER PICTURE HERE 

3623
03:01:29,753 --> 03:01:33,591
AND WHY REGULATORY LEARNINGS 

3624
03:01:33,591 --> 03:01:38,562
COULD BE ACCEPTABLE SO WE DON'T 

3625
03:01:38,562 --> 03:01:40,998
STEP ON THE SAME LAND MINES.

3626
03:01:40,998 --> 03:01:41,832
I AGREE.

3627
03:01:41,832 --> 03:01:46,270
>> I HAVE ONE QUESTION YOU
DON'T

3628
03:01:46,270 --> 03:01:49,306
HAVE TO ANSWER BUT I'LL THROW 

3629
03:01:49,306 --> 03:01:54,111
OUT, IN THE ECONOMIC MODEL TO 

3630
03:01:54,111 --> 03:01:58,048
MAKE THESE AFFORDABLE ECONOMICS 

3631
03:01:58,048 --> 03:02:00,618
CAN PLAY A ROLE WITH PARTNER AND

3632
03:02:00,618 --> 03:02:03,888
THAT MEANS THE NIH AND FDA BUT 

3633
03:02:03,888 --> 03:02:09,159
THE UNIVERSITIES WOULD HAVE TO 

3634
03:02:09,159 --> 03:02:14,164
MAKE A DEAL IN TERMS OF WHAT THE

3635
03:02:14,164 --> 03:02:15,332
COST IS GOING TO BE.

3636
03:02:15,332 --> 03:02:18,269
THEY WILL HAVE TO GIVE UP THE 

3637
03:02:18,269 --> 03:02:20,905
CONTROL OF IP THEY CURRENTLY 

3638
03:02:20,905 --> 03:02:22,072
HAVE WHICH IS USUALLY OVER 

3639
03:02:22,072 --> 03:02:32,616
ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE HAVE YOU

3640
03:02:34,351 --> 03:02:36,620
HAD DISCUSSIONS ABOUT LIMITING 

3641
03:02:36,620 --> 03:02:39,657
OR PUTTING TIES AROUND THE IP SO

3642
03:02:39,657 --> 03:02:42,026
THE FINAL THERAPY IS GOING TO BE

3643
03:02:42,026 --> 03:02:42,593
AFFORDABLE?

3644
03:02:42,593 --> 03:02:44,194
THAT WOULD HAVE TO START THERE.

3645
03:02:44,194 --> 03:02:46,597
THE UNIVERSITIES ARE NOT WILLING

3646
03:02:46,597 --> 03:02:48,499
TO DO THAT THEN IT'S A NO-GO 

3647
03:02:48,499 --> 03:02:49,566
DOWN THE ROAD.

3648
03:02:49,566 --> 03:02:52,069
IF THEY DO IT, THEN THEY'LL 

3649
03:02:52,069 --> 03:02:53,304
FORFEIT THE CHANCE TO MAKE A 

3650
03:02:53,304 --> 03:02:58,742
LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY SHOULD 

3651
03:02:58,742 --> 03:03:02,212
THEY HIT A WINNER I'M WONDERING 

3652
03:03:02,212 --> 03:03:05,449
WHAT YOU'RE THINKING THERE.

3653
03:03:05,449 --> 03:03:08,118
>> STAYING IN MY LINE
HAVING 

3654
03:03:08,118 --> 03:03:11,355
WORKED WITH IP PROFESSIONALS IN 

3655
03:03:11,355 --> 03:03:13,691
THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR, 

3656
03:03:13,691 --> 03:03:18,195
THE BUILDING I'M IN THERE'S 

3657
03:03:18,195 --> 03:03:18,996
UNWITH PRINCIPLE.

3658
03:03:18,996 --> 03:03:21,832
WE MUST MAKE CRISPR SOLUTIONS 

3659
03:03:21,832 --> 03:03:27,471
ACCESSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE TO 

3660
03:03:27,471 --> 03:03:27,738
ALL.

3661
03:03:27,738 --> 03:03:34,945
THERE'S A DIFFERENCE ON FORMAL 

3662
03:03:34,945 --> 03:03:35,913
ACTION THAT HOLD INTELLECTUAL 

3663
03:03:35,913 --> 03:03:37,614
PROPERTIES RELEVANT TO THIS.

3664
03:03:37,614 --> 03:03:40,784
MY PROPOSAL IS THIS IS AN 

3665
03:03:40,784 --> 03:03:46,056
EXCEPTIONAL OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE 

3666
03:03:46,056 --> 03:03:48,125
THE DISCUSSIONS PROPER.

3667
03:03:48,125 --> 03:03:51,895
LET'S MAKE A CRISPR ON DEMAND 

3668
03:03:51,895 --> 03:03:53,831
FOR EDITOR ON DEMAND AND IMAGINE

3669
03:03:53,831 --> 03:03:55,532
A SETTING AND I'LL GIVE A 

3670
03:03:55,532 --> 03:03:57,134
SPECIFIC WHERE THERE'S A 

3671
03:03:57,134 --> 03:03:59,803
COMPOSITION OF MATTER INVENTED 

3672
03:03:59,803 --> 03:04:03,207
BY THE BROAD AND A SEPARATE GENE

3673
03:04:03,207 --> 03:04:04,808
EDITOR INVENTED BY U.C. BERKELEY

3674
03:04:04,808 --> 03:04:07,745
BUT THE BUCKET APPROVAL CONTAINS

3675
03:04:07,745 --> 03:04:08,112
BOTH.

3676
03:04:08,112 --> 03:04:11,448
WHAT DO WE DO WITH THAT?

3677
03:04:11,448 --> 03:04:20,591
WE'VE NEVER HAD THIS SITUATION 

3678
03:04:20,591 --> 03:04:25,362
AND HOW DO WE HARMONIZE THE 

3679
03:04:25,362 --> 03:04:27,197
INTERESTS OF INDIVIDUAL 

3680
03:04:27,197 --> 03:04:27,898
INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING 

3681
03:04:27,898 --> 03:04:31,535
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAVE IN

3682
03:04:31,535 --> 03:04:35,272
PROTECTING THEIR INVESTMENT WITH

3683
03:04:35,272 --> 03:04:39,643
IP FROM THE FORMIDABLE PUBLIC 

3684
03:04:39,643 --> 03:04:39,943
GOOD.

3685
03:04:39,943 --> 03:04:42,346
WE'VE NEVER HAD A REASON TO ASK 

3686
03:04:42,346 --> 03:04:43,380
THIS QUESTION WHERE THERE WOULD 

3687
03:04:43,380 --> 03:04:51,455
BE A REASON TO DO THAT.

3688
03:04:51,455 --> 03:04:54,558
THE GOAL IS NOT TO HAVE THE 

3689
03:04:54,558 --> 03:04:56,126
INSTITUTIONS GIVE UP IP FOR 

3690
03:04:56,126 --> 03:04:58,128
LARGE SCALE COMMERCIAL PROJECTS,

3691
03:04:58,128 --> 03:05:01,899
SAY LILY JUST INVESTED IN A HUGE

3692
03:05:01,899 --> 03:05:03,667
GENETIC MEDICINE CENTER AND 

3693
03:05:03,667 --> 03:05:05,302
PRESUMABLY ARE GOING TO DO 

3694
03:05:05,302 --> 03:05:05,936
METABOLIC DISEASE.

3695
03:05:05,936 --> 03:05:06,670
THESE ARE HUGE MARKET.

3696
03:05:06,670 --> 03:05:08,238
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT DISEASES 

3697
03:05:08,238 --> 03:05:10,474
WITH SEVERAL HUNDRED OR SEVERAL 

3698
03:05:10,474 --> 03:05:11,175
THOUSANDS PATIENTS.

3699
03:05:11,175 --> 03:05:12,676
THESE ARE NOT HUGE MARKETS AND 

3700
03:05:12,676 --> 03:05:16,747
WE'RE TALKING ONE AND DONE 

3701
03:05:16,747 --> 03:05:19,016
CURATIVE THERAPIES TO BE 

3702
03:05:19,016 --> 03:05:26,023
REIMBURSED AT 200K.

3703
03:05:26,023 --> 03:05:27,291
WE'RE HOPING TO CREATE AN 

3704
03:05:27,291 --> 03:05:28,125
ENVIRONMENT WHERE IN THE BUCKET 

3705
03:05:28,125 --> 03:05:31,862
OF CURES THERE COULD BE BUCKETS 

3706
03:05:31,862 --> 03:05:33,063
OF COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER WHERE 

3707
03:05:33,063 --> 03:05:35,632
UNIVERSITIES CAN CONTRIBUTE.

3708
03:05:35,632 --> 03:05:37,935
MAYBE I'M BEING OPTIMISTIC BUT 

3709
03:05:37,935 --> 03:05:38,502
THANK YOU FOR THE QUESTION.

3710
03:05:38,502 --> 03:05:39,503
WE HAVE TO HAVE THE 

3711
03:05:39,503 --> 03:05:40,104
CONVERSATION.

3712
03:05:40,104 --> 03:05:50,514
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

3713
03:05:52,549 --> 03:05:53,984
WE'RE TRYING TO SELL TO 

3714
03:05:53,984 --> 03:05:56,253
DR. BERTAGNOLLI TO SELL IT TO 

3715
03:05:56,253 --> 03:05:56,820
CONGRESS AND WE'LL SEE WHAT 

3716
03:05:56,820 --> 03:06:06,964
HAPPENS.

3717
03:06:07,664 --> 03:06:10,067
IF WE DON'T GRAB IT AND CONTROL 

3718
03:06:10,067 --> 03:06:16,106
IT PRETTY SOON IT WILL BE OUT OF

3719
03:06:16,106 --> 03:06:21,812
OUR HARCHBDZ -- HANDS AND IT 

3720
03:06:21,812 --> 03:06:21,945
WILL 

3721
03:06:27,885 --> 03:06:34,691
AND THE COSTS COULD BE OUT OF 

3722
03:06:34,691 --> 03:06:36,760
OUR HANDS AND I COMPLEMENT THE 

3723
03:06:36,760 --> 03:06:38,195
GROUP FOR THINKING BEGINNING TO 

3724
03:06:38,195 --> 03:06:38,362
END.

3725
03:06:38,362 --> 03:06:39,897
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED.

3726
03:06:39,897 --> 03:06:40,764
WE ALWAYS THINK ABOUT THE 

3727
03:06:40,764 --> 03:06:42,733
BEGINNING AND HOW TO GET TO THE 

3728
03:06:42,733 --> 03:06:46,003
NEXT STEP BUT YOU WANT TO KNOW 

3729
03:06:46,003 --> 03:06:47,404
WHERE YOU'RE GOING WHEN YOU 

3730
03:06:47,404 --> 03:06:49,573
START THE PROCESS OFF.

3731
03:06:49,573 --> 03:06:52,776
I APPRECIATE IT AND WE'LL 

3732
03:06:52,776 --> 03:06:54,478
DEFINITELY BE IN TOUCH AND WE'LL

3733
03:06:54,478 --> 03:06:56,847
HAVE HURDLES TO GET OVER BUT 

3734
03:06:56,847 --> 03:07:00,117
IT'S PRETTY CLEAR THIS IS THE 

3735
03:07:00,117 --> 03:07:01,552
WAY TO GO.

3736
03:07:01,552 --> 03:07:01,885
>> THANK YOU.

3737
03:07:01,885 --> 03:07:03,654
>> AND BEHALF OF A HUGE
TEAM OF 

3738
03:07:03,654 --> 03:07:05,255
THE BUILDING BEHIND ME, THANK 

3739
03:07:05,255 --> 03:07:07,024
YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU.

3740
03:07:07,024 --> 03:07:10,460
IT'S TRULY AN HONOR AS A PUBLIC 

3741
03:07:10,460 --> 03:07:12,162
INSTITUTION WE STAND READY TO 

3742
03:07:12,162 --> 03:07:12,362
SERVE.

3743
03:07:12,362 --> 03:07:12,763
THANK YOU.

3744
03:07:12,763 --> 03:07:22,005
>> THANK YOU.

3745
03:07:22,005 --> 03:07:26,343
>> THAT WAS
FASCINATIFASCINATIN.

3746
03:07:26,343 --> 03:07:29,613
MOVING ALONG THE NEXT ITEM IS 

3747
03:07:29,613 --> 03:07:32,115
OUR COUNCIL WORKING GROUP ON THE

3748
03:07:32,115 --> 03:07:33,383
NEURAL EXPOSOME PRIORITIES AND 

3749
03:07:33,383 --> 03:07:38,155
I'M GOING TO PASS IT OVER TO 

3750
03:07:38,155 --> 03:07:42,125
DAVE JETT AND PAM LEIN.

3751
03:07:42,125 --> 03:07:46,697
AND DAVE IS THE MUCH OUR OFFICE 

3752
03:07:46,697 --> 03:07:56,940
OF TOXICOLOGY.

3753
03:08:15,592 --> 03:08:17,427
THISSING

3754
03:08:17,427 --> 03:08:17,761
THISSING OFF  -- 

3755
03:08:19,930 --> 03:08:20,831
THIS OFFICE WAS LAUNCHED IN 2002

3756
03:08:20,831 --> 03:08:24,635
AND WANTED TO FOSTER MORE 

3757
03:08:24,635 --> 03:08:28,538
SCIENCE ON THE NEURAL EXPOSOME.

3758
03:08:28,538 --> 03:08:36,113
WE THINK THIS WILL FOSTER MORE 

3759
03:08:36,113 --> 03:08:37,781
SCIENCE.

3760
03:08:37,781 --> 03:08:39,383
REDUCE THE BURDEN OF ILLNESS.

3761
03:08:39,383 --> 03:08:40,350
THERE'S A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE

3762
03:08:40,350 --> 03:08:42,819
OFFICE THAT IS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE

3763
03:08:42,819 --> 03:08:52,996
THAT GOAL.

3764
03:08:54,298 --> 03:08:55,299
THE STRATEGIC PLAN WILL HELP 

3765
03:08:55,299 --> 03:08:59,303
WITH THE ROAD MAP FOR OUTLINING 

3766
03:08:59,303 --> 03:09:01,204
SHORT AND LONG-TERM GOALS AND WE

3767
03:09:01,204 --> 03:09:06,476
HAVE A WORKING GROUP ON THE TOP 

3768
03:09:06,476 --> 03:09:11,481
PRIORITIES OF OUR STRATEGIC PLAN

3769
03:09:11,481 --> 03:09:18,088
AND THIS IS -- THE GROUP WILL 

3770
03:09:18,088 --> 03:09:20,390
REPORT TO A NATIONAL ADVISORY 

3771
03:09:20,390 --> 03:09:30,634
NINDS COUNCIL.

3772
03:09:42,145 --> 03:09:44,114
OUR OFFICE HAS THREE BRANCHS.

3773
03:09:44,114 --> 03:09:54,658
FOR NOW WE FOCUS ON THE NEURAL 

3774
03:09:57,661 --> 03:09:59,196
EXPOSOME BRANCH AND WE WORK WITH

3775
03:09:59,196 --> 03:10:04,101
NIH AND OTHER AGENCIES.

3776
03:10:04,101 --> 03:10:06,570
SO THE NEURAL EXPOSOME.

3777
03:10:06,570 --> 03:10:11,408
ENVIRONMENTAL XHSHZ AFFECTING 

3778
03:10:11,408 --> 03:10:21,852
THE GENOME WAS COINED AT 

3779
03:10:27,290 --> 03:10:30,761
COVERING FACTORS THAT AFFECT 

3780
03:10:30,761 --> 03:10:30,961
LEATH.

3781
03:10:30,961 --> 03:10:32,796
WE THINK STUDYING THESE RISK 

3782
03:10:32,796 --> 03:10:34,131
FACTORS WILL UNCOVER THE CAUSES 

3783
03:10:34,131 --> 03:10:44,641
OF A VARIETY OF HUMAN HEALTH 

3784
03:10:50,147 --> 03:10:51,348
CONDITIONS INCLUDING THOSE WITH 

3785
03:10:51,348 --> 03:10:53,283
OUR NINDS MISSION.

3786
03:10:53,283 --> 03:10:55,585
ONE TOX OFFICE WAS LAUNCHED TO 

3787
03:10:55,585 --> 03:11:01,558
WORK ACROSS NIH AND WITH OTHER 

3788
03:11:01,558 --> 03:11:06,530
AGENCIES TO SEE HOW THESE AFFECT

3789
03:11:06,530 --> 03:11:07,697
THE SYSTEM AND SUPPORT THE 

3790
03:11:07,697 --> 03:11:08,765
RESEARCH WITHIN OUR MISSION.

3791
03:11:08,765 --> 03:11:11,101
AND AGAIN TO REDUCE THE BURTEN 

3792
03:11:11,101 --> 03:11:15,772
ILLNESS.

3793
03:11:15,772 --> 03:11:16,940
IN A NEURON PAPER WE DESCRIBED 

3794
03:11:16,940 --> 03:11:21,411
OUR THINKING OF WHAT WE THINK 

3795
03:11:21,411 --> 03:11:24,981
LOOKS LIKE THE NEURAL EXPOSOME.

3796
03:11:24,981 --> 03:11:28,118
THERE ARE EXOGENOUS FACTORS LIKE

3797
03:11:28,118 --> 03:11:34,791
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS AND 

3798
03:11:34,791 --> 03:11:40,096
LIGHT NOISE AND ENDOGENOUS LIKE 

3799
03:11:40,096 --> 03:11:42,999
GENES AND GENETICS AND 

3800
03:11:42,999 --> 03:11:44,201
MICROBIOME AND THINGS LIKE 

3801
03:11:44,201 --> 03:11:54,511
STRESS AND SLEEP.

3802
03:11:55,712 --> 03:11:58,081
THE OFFICE HAS BEEN WORKING ON 

3803
03:11:58,081 --> 03:11:59,649
THE NEURAL EXPOSOME FOR A COUPLE

3804
03:11:59,649 --> 03:12:00,116
YEARS NOW.

3805
03:12:00,116 --> 03:12:06,556
WE HAVE OUTREACHED TO THE PUBLIC

3806
03:12:06,556 --> 03:12:14,464
AND SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE AND

3807
03:12:14,464 --> 03:12:19,069
TOXICOLOGY WITH SCIENTIFIC 

3808
03:12:19,069 --> 03:12:24,107
SOCIETY ON THE EXPOSOME AND HAVE

3809
03:12:24,107 --> 03:12:29,546
THE FORMATION OF A NIH WIDE 

3810
03:12:29,546 --> 03:12:31,147
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE WORKING 

3811
03:12:31,147 --> 03:12:31,581
GROUP.

3812
03:12:31,581 --> 03:12:36,353
THE ONE TOX HAS PUBLISHED 

3813
03:12:36,353 --> 03:12:37,554
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS 

3814
03:12:37,554 --> 03:12:39,055
AREAS AND FUNDING ABOUT 20 

3815
03:12:39,055 --> 03:12:44,461
PROJECTS AND WE HAVE TWO MORE 

3816
03:12:44,461 --> 03:12:54,804
NOFOs OUT RIGHT NOW.

3817
03:13:06,683 --> 03:13:07,617
THIS WILL HAVE MANY MONTHS OF 

3818
03:13:07,617 --> 03:13:08,285
DISCUSSION FOR LEADING THE 

3819
03:13:08,285 --> 03:13:13,089
CHARGE AND THE CHARGE IS TO 

3820
03:13:13,089 --> 03:13:17,594
DEVELOP RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND 

3821
03:13:17,594 --> 03:13:21,097
ALSO TO PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS 

3822
03:13:21,097 --> 03:13:23,366
FOR ENGAGING MORE NEURO 

3823
03:13:23,366 --> 03:13:24,701
SCIENTISTS AND TOOLS AND 

3824
03:13:24,701 --> 03:13:34,377
RESOURCES THAT WE'LL NEED.

3825
03:13:34,377 --> 03:13:44,354
WE HAD AN EXCELLENT AND STELLAR 

3826
03:13:44,354 --> 03:13:54,564
WORKING GROUP.

3827
03:13:54,564 --> 03:13:56,032
WE ALSO HAVE OUR CHAIR AND A 

3828
03:13:56,032 --> 03:13:58,969
LIST OF WELL KNOWN SCIENTISTS IN

3829
03:13:58,969 --> 03:14:02,672
EXPOSOME AND NEUROLOGICAL 

3830
03:14:02,672 --> 03:14:02,939
FIELDS.

3831
03:14:02,939 --> 03:14:04,240
I THANK THEM SO MUCH AS WELL.

3832
03:14:04,240 --> 03:14:07,110
THIS WAS NOT A SIMPLE PROJECT 

3833
03:14:07,110 --> 03:14:13,083
FOR THIS KIND OF THING.

3834
03:14:13,083 --> 03:14:22,993
AND I THINK AND THE STRATEGIC 

3835
03:14:22,993 --> 03:14:28,131
PLAN COMMITTEE WILL DEVELOP THE 

3836
03:14:28,131 --> 03:14:38,475
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.

3837
03:14:40,810 --> 03:14:42,646
TODAY IT'S MY GREAT PLEASURE TO 

3838
03:14:42,646 --> 03:14:45,081
INTRODUCE OUR CHAIR, DR. PAM 

3839
03:14:45,081 --> 03:14:46,416
LEIN TO PROVIDE THE RESULTS OF 

3840
03:14:46,416 --> 03:14:48,952
THE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND 

3841
03:14:48,952 --> 03:14:51,821
PROFESSOR OF NEUROTOXICOLOGY.

3842
03:14:51,821 --> 03:14:56,026
CHAIR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 

3843
03:14:56,026 --> 03:14:56,660
MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE AT U.C. 

3844
03:14:56,660 --> 03:14:58,361
DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.

3845
03:14:58,361 --> 03:15:04,100
HER LAB TACKLES MECHANISMS ON 

3846
03:15:04,100 --> 03:15:06,069
PESTICIDES, TOXICITIES, AIR 

3847
03:15:06,069 --> 03:15:10,407
POLLUTION AND NEURAL DEGENE

3848
03:15:10,407 --> 03:15:11,941
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND BETTER 

3849
03:15:11,941 --> 03:15:14,644
TREATMENTS FOR CHEMICAL THREATS.

3850
03:15:14,644 --> 03:15:16,713
SHE HAS A BROAD KNOWLEDGE OF 

3851
03:15:16,713 --> 03:15:21,017
BRAIN FUNCTION AND HOW 

3852
03:15:21,017 --> 03:15:30,727
ENVIRONMENT MODIFIES DISEASE THE

3853
03:15:30,727 --> 03:15:35,832
EDITOR AND CHIEF OF THE PRIMARY 

3854
03:15:35,832 --> 03:15:37,200
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TOXICOLOGY AND

3855
03:15:37,200 --> 03:15:41,137
I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY Ph.D.s 

3856
03:15:41,137 --> 03:15:44,708
SHE'S HAD COME THROUGH HER LAB.

3857
03:15:44,708 --> 03:15:50,013
I'LL TURN IT OVER TO PAM.

3858
03:15:50,013 --> 03:15:52,115
>> THANK YOU, DAVID AND
THANK 

3859
03:15:52,115 --> 03:15:53,116
YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO 

3860
03:15:53,116 --> 03:15:54,551
PRESENT THE WORK OF OUR 

3861
03:15:54,551 --> 03:15:56,119
COMMITTEE AND WORKING GROUP.

3862
03:15:56,119 --> 03:15:58,254
I'D LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE I'M JUST

3863
03:15:58,254 --> 03:16:03,293
REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF A 

3864
03:16:03,293 --> 03:16:06,396
VERY EXPERT GROUP AND MANY HAVE 

3865
03:16:06,396 --> 03:16:07,797
EXPERTISE IN AREAS I DO NOT.

3866
03:16:07,797 --> 03:16:10,500
TO ECHO WHAT THE PREVIOUS 

3867
03:16:10,500 --> 03:16:11,267
SPEAKER WAS SAYING THROUGHOUT 

3868
03:16:11,267 --> 03:16:12,502
HIS PRESENTATION I'LL DO MY BEST

3869
03:16:12,502 --> 03:16:14,137
TO ANSWER QUESTIONS AT TO THE 

3870
03:16:14,137 --> 03:16:17,907
END BUT THERE MAY BE AREAS WHERE

3871
03:16:17,907 --> 03:16:21,311
I'M NOT THE EXPERT AND I 

3872
03:16:21,311 --> 03:16:24,047
APPRECIATE THOSE KEEPING ME 

3873
03:16:24,047 --> 03:16:27,751
HONEST AND HELPING ME OUT WHEN 

3874
03:16:27,751 --> 03:16:38,094
WE GET TO QUESTIONS.

3875
03:17:19,903 --> 03:17:28,111
WHAT IS THE EXPOSOME AND THIS IS

3876
03:17:28,111 --> 03:17:30,480
AN EVOLVING PART AND THIS WAS A 

3877
03:17:30,480 --> 03:17:32,182
CONVERSATION THAT WAS ORGANIZED 

3878
03:17:32,182 --> 03:17:34,517
BY DR. GARY MILLER A MEMBER OF 

3879
03:17:34,517 --> 03:17:36,719
THE NEXT WORKING GROUP IN WHICH 

3880
03:17:36,719 --> 03:17:38,087
THE GOAL OF THE CONFERENCE WAS 

3881
03:17:38,087 --> 03:17:42,725
TO ADOPT A CONSENSUS DEFINITION 

3882
03:17:42,725 --> 03:17:45,862
OF EXPOSOME AND EXPOSOMICS.

3883
03:17:45,862 --> 03:17:46,663
ACCORDING TO THIS PARTICULAR 

3884
03:17:46,663 --> 03:17:48,097
CONVERSATION THE AGREED UPON 

3885
03:17:48,097 --> 03:17:58,608
DEFINITION WAS THE INTEGRATED 

3886
03:17:59,409 --> 03:18:04,781
COMPILATION AND THE OPERATIONAL 

3887
03:18:04,781 --> 03:18:07,617
DEFINITION OF EXPOSOMICS STUDIES

3888
03:18:07,617 --> 03:18:13,923
THE COMPREHENSIVE AND CUMULATIVE

3889
03:18:13,923 --> 03:18:16,626
EFFECTS THAT AFFECT BIOLOGICAL 

3890
03:18:16,626 --> 03:18:19,329
SYMPTOMS AND INTEGRATING DATA 

3891
03:18:19,329 --> 03:18:21,264
FROM METHODOLOGIES AND DATA 

3892
03:18:21,264 --> 03:18:24,100
STREAMS TO ENABLE DISCOVERY 

3893
03:18:24,100 --> 03:18:29,606
BASED ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCES ON 

3894
03:18:29,606 --> 03:18:29,973
HEALTH.

3895
03:18:29,973 --> 03:18:37,347
THAT'S A LOT.

3896
03:18:37,347 --> 03:18:39,349
THERE'S A MEET REPORT POSTED TO 

3897
03:18:39,349 --> 03:18:42,452
THE CONFERENCE WEBSITE AVAILABLE

3898
03:18:42,452 --> 03:18:45,054
ON THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 

3899
03:18:45,054 --> 03:18:47,724
WEBSITE AND MANUSCRIPT UNDER 

3900
03:18:47,724 --> 03:18:49,092
REVIEW AT SCIENCE AND WE EXPECT 

3901
03:18:49,092 --> 03:18:50,627
IT TO BE ACCEPTED FOR 

3902
03:18:50,627 --> 03:19:01,037
PUBLICATION ANY DAY NOW.

3903
03:19:04,841 --> 03:19:06,943
THE WORKING GROUP GRAPPLED WITH 

3904
03:19:06,943 --> 03:19:08,278
THE EXPOSOME CHANGE AND WE'RE AT

3905
03:19:08,278 --> 03:19:09,612
THE BEGINNING STAGES OF THE 

3906
03:19:09,612 --> 03:19:13,349
FIELD OF INQUIRINQUIRY.

3907
03:19:13,349 --> 03:19:16,119
IT'S DAUNTING TO THINK HOW WE 

3908
03:19:16,119 --> 03:19:26,663
EXAMINE IMPACTS ON BRAIN HEALTH.

3909
03:19:27,664 --> 03:19:30,700
AND DETERMINE HOW THE INFLUENCES

3910
03:19:30,700 --> 03:19:31,968
PROMOTE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE.

3911
03:19:31,968 --> 03:19:34,103
SO THE ONE THING WE HAVE TO STEP

3912
03:19:34,103 --> 03:19:36,572
BACK AND TELL OURSELVES IS YES, 

3913
03:19:36,572 --> 03:19:37,941
WE'RE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 

3914
03:19:37,941 --> 03:19:39,909
FIELD AND IT SEEMS DAUNTING BUT 

3915
03:19:39,909 --> 03:19:43,379
IT'S ALSO INCREDIBLY EXCITING 

3916
03:19:43,379 --> 03:19:45,181
AND PROMISING.

3917
03:19:45,181 --> 03:19:47,450
WE NEED TO KEEP THAT INLINE AND 

3918
03:19:47,450 --> 03:19:49,085
REMEMBER WE HAVE TO START 

3919
03:19:49,085 --> 03:19:50,920
SOMEWHERE AND WHEN THE GENOME 

3920
03:19:50,920 --> 03:19:52,722
STARTED 25 YEARS AGO IT SEEMED 

3921
03:19:52,722 --> 03:19:52,989
DAUNTING.

3922
03:19:52,989 --> 03:19:54,857
BUT LOOK AT THE PROGRESS MADE.

3923
03:19:54,857 --> 03:19:57,927
SO WE WANT TO START BY 

3924
03:19:57,927 --> 03:19:59,495
APPLAUDING THE NINDS FOR TAKING 

3925
03:19:59,495 --> 03:20:02,665
THE INITIATIVE IN THE FIELD.

3926
03:20:02,665 --> 03:20:04,567
WE NEED FEDERAL INVESTMENT TO 

3927
03:20:04,567 --> 03:20:08,738
MAKE THIS WORK AND CATALYZE 

3928
03:20:08,738 --> 03:20:11,908
NOVEL ADVANCES IN THE FIELD AND 

3929
03:20:11,908 --> 03:20:13,443
WHY SHOULD THE NINDS UNDERTAKE 

3930
03:20:13,443 --> 03:20:14,877
THE INITIATIVE?

3931
03:20:14,877 --> 03:20:18,014
THERE'S A GENERAL SCIENTIFIC 

3932
03:20:18,014 --> 03:20:19,949
CONSENSUS THAT MANY IF NOT MOST 

3933
03:20:19,949 --> 03:20:21,284
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND 

3934
03:20:21,284 --> 03:20:23,653
DISORDERS ARE NOT DUE SOLELY TO 

3935
03:20:23,653 --> 03:20:26,789
GENETIC CAUSES BUT FROM COMPLEX 

3936
03:20:26,789 --> 03:20:29,058
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENETIC 

3937
03:20:29,058 --> 03:20:29,525
SUSCEPTIBILITIES AND 

3938
03:20:29,525 --> 03:20:30,426
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND RISK

3939
03:20:30,426 --> 03:20:31,027
FACTORS.

3940
03:20:31,027 --> 03:20:32,295
WE KNOW THIS BECAUSE MORE THAN 

3941
03:20:32,295 --> 03:20:34,497
25 YEARS OF SIGNIFICANT 

3942
03:20:34,497 --> 03:20:36,699
INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH HAS 

3943
03:20:36,699 --> 03:20:38,701
IDENTIFIED THE CAUSE OF ONLY A 

3944
03:20:38,701 --> 03:20:41,104
FEW NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND 

3945
03:20:41,104 --> 03:20:42,872
DISORDERS AND REVEALED MANY 

3946
03:20:42,872 --> 03:20:45,008
INCLUDING SOME OF THE MOST 

3947
03:20:45,008 --> 03:20:46,809
COMMON DISABLING AND 

3948
03:20:46,809 --> 03:20:48,111
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES SUCH AS 

3949
03:20:48,111 --> 03:20:50,947
STROKE, ALZHEIMER'S, PARKINSON'S

3950
03:20:50,947 --> 03:20:52,281
AND PAIN ARE AMONG THE LEAST 

3951
03:20:52,281 --> 03:20:55,952
HERITABLE OF THE DISORDERS.

3952
03:20:55,952 --> 03:20:58,621
INVESTING IN RESEARCH AND 

3953
03:20:58,621 --> 03:20:59,655
UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL 

3954
03:20:59,655 --> 03:21:01,224
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SYSTEM 

3955
03:21:01,224 --> 03:21:03,593
HEALTH OFFER AN EXCITING 

3956
03:21:03,593 --> 03:21:04,961
POSSIBILITY OF THE DECREASE IN 

3957
03:21:04,961 --> 03:21:07,196
THE BURDEN OF NEUROLOGICAL 

3958
03:21:07,196 --> 03:21:08,698
DISEASE BY CONTROLLING 

3959
03:21:08,698 --> 03:21:08,998
EXPOSURES.

3960
03:21:08,998 --> 03:21:11,734
WE HEARD A BEAUTIFUL AND 

3961
03:21:11,734 --> 03:21:14,070
EXCITING TALK IN GENE EDITING 

3962
03:21:14,070 --> 03:21:16,105
THAT IS NOT READY FOR PRIME TIME

3963
03:21:16,105 --> 03:21:22,078
AND WILL TAKE  INVESTMENT AND 

3964
03:21:22,078 --> 03:21:24,347
IT'S AN EASIER ENVIRONMENT TO 

3965
03:21:24,347 --> 03:21:27,950
CHANGE THAN OUR GENETICS BUT TO 

3966
03:21:27,950 --> 03:21:30,086
LOOK AT PUBLIC HEALTH 

3967
03:21:30,086 --> 03:21:30,853
STRATEGIES, THEIR FOCUSSED ON 

3968
03:21:30,853 --> 03:21:33,456
EXPOSURE CONTROL WE NEED TO 

3969
03:21:33,456 --> 03:21:35,825
UNDERSTAND WHAT ARE THE 

3970
03:21:35,825 --> 03:21:36,426
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT 

3971
03:21:36,426 --> 03:21:38,361
INFLUENCE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE 

3972
03:21:38,361 --> 03:21:40,096
AND PATHOLOGY AND UNDERSTAND 

3973
03:21:40,096 --> 03:21:42,031
MORE IMPORTANTLY THE MECHANISMS 

3974
03:21:42,031 --> 03:21:50,840
BY WHICH THEY'RE DOING SO.

3975
03:21:50,840 --> 03:21:53,676
AND THERE'S DISCUSSIONS IN TERMS

3976
03:21:53,676 --> 03:21:56,646
OF RECOMMENDATIONS BY NINDS 

3977
03:21:56,646 --> 03:22:00,049
WOULD BE INFORMED IF THERE'S 

3978
03:22:00,049 --> 03:22:02,251
CRITICAL QUESTIONS TO ADDRESS 

3979
03:22:02,251 --> 03:22:05,288
UNDERSTANDING THE EXPOSOME.

3980
03:22:05,288 --> 03:22:06,656
THESE ARE SUMMARIZED IN THE 

3981
03:22:06,656 --> 03:22:07,557
SLIDE.

3982
03:22:07,557 --> 03:22:08,925
WHICH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 

3983
03:22:08,925 --> 03:22:11,327
INCREASE RISK OF NEURO LOGICAL 

3984
03:22:11,327 --> 03:22:11,594
DISEASE?

3985
03:22:11,594 --> 03:22:16,065
HUMANS ARE EXPOSED TO A NUMBER 

3986
03:22:16,065 --> 03:22:17,366
OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND 

3987
03:22:17,366 --> 03:22:20,503
ENDOGENOUS FACTORS.

3988
03:22:20,503 --> 03:22:22,605
WHICH ARE IMPORTANT DRIVERS IN 

3989
03:22:22,605 --> 03:22:25,942
THE CONTEXT OF NEUROLOGICAL 

3990
03:22:25,942 --> 03:22:26,175
DISEASE?

3991
03:22:26,175 --> 03:22:27,076
WHICH INCREASE RESILIENCY?

3992
03:22:27,076 --> 03:22:29,278
WE NEED TO THINK OF A 

3993
03:22:29,278 --> 03:22:30,646
TWO-PRONGED ATTACK NOT ONLY 

3994
03:22:30,646 --> 03:22:33,249
UNDERSTANDING WHAT'S PROMOTING 

3995
03:22:33,249 --> 03:22:37,587
DISEASE AND WHAT IN OUR EXPOSOME

3996
03:22:37,587 --> 03:22:42,191
IS PROMOTING NEURO LOGICAL 

3997
03:22:42,191 --> 03:22:43,359
RESILIENCY AND ARE THERE 

3998
03:22:43,359 --> 03:22:44,093
SPECIFIC EXPOSOMES AND THIS IS 

3999
03:22:44,093 --> 03:22:47,463
IS IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY THE 

4000
03:22:47,463 --> 03:22:49,565
EXISTENCE OF SUCH DISEASE AND 

4001
03:22:49,565 --> 03:22:54,337
DISORDER SPECIFIC EXPOSOMES.

4002
03:22:54,337 --> 03:22:54,971
ANOTHER CRITICAL QUESTION MANY 

4003
03:22:54,971 --> 03:23:00,042
EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS FACTORS

4004
03:23:00,042 --> 03:23:03,246
ARE ASSOCIATE WITH NEUROLOGICAL 

4005
03:23:03,246 --> 03:23:03,546
DISEASES.

4006
03:23:03,546 --> 03:23:05,281
AIR POLLUTION IS A STRONGLY 

4007
03:23:05,281 --> 03:23:07,884
ASSOCIATED RISK FACTOR FOR 

4008
03:23:07,884 --> 03:23:12,088
STROKE, A.D., P.D.

4009
03:23:12,088 --> 03:23:15,158
WHAT DETERMINES IF AN INDIVIDUAL

4010
03:23:15,158 --> 03:23:17,393
EXPERIENCES AN INCREASED RISK 

4011
03:23:17,393 --> 03:23:18,327
VERSUS EPILEPSY?

4012
03:23:18,327 --> 03:23:22,331
WHAT ARE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AN

4013
03:23:22,331 --> 03:23:24,066
INDIVIDUAL'S GENETIC SUBSTRATE 

4014
03:23:24,066 --> 03:23:26,269
AND THEIR UNIQUE EXPOSOMIC 

4015
03:23:26,269 --> 03:23:28,704
PROFILES IN RESPONSE TO 

4016
03:23:28,704 --> 03:23:29,038
STRESSORS?

4017
03:23:29,038 --> 03:23:31,040
THIRD QUESTION, HOW DO 

4018
03:23:31,040 --> 03:23:32,575
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTERACT 

4019
03:23:32,575 --> 03:23:35,344
WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THE 

4020
03:23:35,344 --> 03:23:37,647
GENOME TO INFLUENCE NEUROLOGICAL

4021
03:23:37,647 --> 03:23:39,248
DISEASE RISK.

4022
03:23:39,248 --> 03:23:42,518
ARE SPECIFIC LIFE STAGES UNI

4023
03:23:42,518 --> 03:23:43,719
UNIQUELY SENSITIVE TO 

4024
03:23:43,719 --> 03:23:45,254
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AND WHAT IS

4025
03:23:45,254 --> 03:23:46,556
THE CUMULATIVE RISK OF BRAIN 

4026
03:23:46,556 --> 03:23:49,225
HEALTH TO EXPOSURES TO MULTIPLE 

4027
03:23:49,225 --> 03:23:51,827
FACTORS AND HOW DO EXPOSURES 

4028
03:23:51,827 --> 03:23:52,595
EARLIER IN LIFE INFLUENCE 

4029
03:23:52,595 --> 03:23:55,565
DISEASE RISK LATER IN LIFE?

4030
03:23:55,565 --> 03:23:57,166
IF WE CAN MAKE ADVANCES IN ANY 

4031
03:23:57,166 --> 03:23:59,902
OR ALL THESE QUESTIONS WE'D BE 

4032
03:23:59,902 --> 03:24:01,404
IN BETTER SHAPE FOR USING THE 

4033
03:24:01,404 --> 03:24:03,472
KNOWLEDGE TO IMPROVE BRAIN 

4034
03:24:03,472 --> 03:24:09,011
HEALTH AND INCREASE NEUROLOGICAL

4035
03:24:09,011 --> 03:24:09,979
RESILIENCY.

4036
03:24:09,979 --> 03:24:12,114
THE NEXT IDENTIFIED SIX PRIORITY

4037
03:24:12,114 --> 03:24:13,950
AREAS TO GUIDE INVESTMENT IN 

4038
03:24:13,950 --> 03:24:15,618
EXPOSOME WORK.

4039
03:24:15,618 --> 03:24:21,490
THE FIRST IS IDENTIFYING 

4040
03:24:21,490 --> 03:24:24,093
EXPOSOMIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE

4041
03:24:24,093 --> 03:24:28,097
NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH AND EVALUATE

4042
03:24:28,097 --> 03:24:30,900
HOW THEY ARE RESULT IN HAME AND 

4043
03:24:30,900 --> 03:24:31,767
LOOK AT POPULATION BASED 

4044
03:24:31,767 --> 03:24:34,003
RESEARCH STUDIES.

4045
03:24:34,003 --> 03:24:36,906
CREATE A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY POOL

4046
03:24:36,906 --> 03:24:39,575
OF INVESTIGATORS TO ASSESS THE 

4047
03:24:39,575 --> 03:24:41,911
NEURAL EXPOSOME AND DEVELOP 

4048
03:24:41,911 --> 03:24:43,379
RESOURCES AND TOOLS TO ASSESS 

4049
03:24:43,379 --> 03:24:45,314
THE NEURAL EXPOSOME AND FOSTER 

4050
03:24:45,314 --> 03:24:48,117
COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIPS 

4051
03:24:48,117 --> 03:24:50,786
TO ACCELERATE AND AMPLIFY 

4052
03:24:50,786 --> 03:24:51,053
RESEARCH.

4053
03:24:51,053 --> 03:24:54,657
FIRST, IN TERMS OF IDENTIFIED 

4054
03:24:54,657 --> 03:24:56,092
EXPOSOMIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE

4055
03:24:56,092 --> 03:24:56,525
NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH.

4056
03:24:56,525 --> 03:24:59,629
THE NEXT WORKING GROUP 

4057
03:24:59,629 --> 03:25:01,764
IDENTIFIED SEVERAL DATA CAPS 

4058
03:25:01,764 --> 03:25:07,270
THAT CUT ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND 

4059
03:25:07,270 --> 03:25:07,837
IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE AND 

4060
03:25:07,837 --> 03:25:08,204
PUBLIC HEALTH.

4061
03:25:08,204 --> 03:25:09,905
THESE INCLUDED THE 

4062
03:25:09,905 --> 03:25:11,574
IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC 

4063
03:25:11,574 --> 03:25:12,375
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT 

4064
03:25:12,375 --> 03:25:14,977
INFLUENCE BRAIN HEALTH AND THE 

4065
03:25:14,977 --> 03:25:17,980
CONTEXT THAT MODIFIES 

4066
03:25:17,980 --> 03:25:20,116
NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED

4067
03:25:20,116 --> 03:25:22,118
WITH THESE EXPOSURES.

4068
03:25:22,118 --> 03:25:24,120
BY CONTEXT WE'RE REFERRING TO 

4069
03:25:24,120 --> 03:25:27,990
THINGS LIKE LIFE STAGES, 

4070
03:25:27,990 --> 03:25:29,191
CO-EXPOSURES, GENETIC MODIFIERS,

4071
03:25:29,191 --> 03:25:31,827
DISEASE MODIFIERS, ETCETERA.

4072
03:25:31,827 --> 03:25:33,896
ANOTHER CRITICAL DATA GAP WAS 

4073
03:25:33,896 --> 03:25:37,133
THE NEED TO SHIFT TOWARDS 

4074
03:25:37,133 --> 03:25:43,973
RESEARCH THAT ASSESS THE COM

4075
03:25:43,973 --> 03:25:49,845
COMPOSATE EFFECT AND IT'S 

4076
03:25:49,845 --> 03:25:51,914
FOCUSSED ON A SINGLE EXPOSURE OR

4077
03:25:51,914 --> 03:25:54,150
OUTCOME AND HAVE TO SHIFT TO 

4078
03:25:54,150 --> 03:25:55,851
MORE INTEGRATIVE STUDIES.

4079
03:25:55,851 --> 03:25:58,387
THIS IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP AN 

4080
03:25:58,387 --> 03:25:59,755
UNDERSTANDING HOW THE MULTIPLE 

4081
03:25:59,755 --> 03:26:02,325
FACTOR INTERACTING TO INFLUENCE 

4082
03:26:02,325 --> 03:26:03,559
BRAIN HEALTH AND HOW THEY 

4083
03:26:03,559 --> 03:26:13,002
ACCUMULATE THE LIFE SPAN.

4084
03:26:13,002 --> 03:26:14,003
AND THE OTHER FACTOR IS 

4085
03:26:14,003 --> 03:26:15,638
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON 

4086
03:26:15,638 --> 03:26:18,974
BRAIN HEALTH.

4087
03:26:18,974 --> 03:26:21,243
ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES 

4088
03:26:21,243 --> 03:26:22,778
FACING OUR SPECIES IS CLIMATE 

4089
03:26:22,778 --> 03:26:24,613
CHANGE AFFECTING EVERY ASPECT OF

4090
03:26:24,613 --> 03:26:26,449
OUR LIVES.

4091
03:26:26,449 --> 03:26:28,117
SOCIAL, HEALTH WISE, FOOD 

4092
03:26:28,117 --> 03:26:30,019
SECURITY, HOUSING SECURITY, 

4093
03:26:30,019 --> 03:26:30,286
ETCETERA.

4094
03:26:30,286 --> 03:26:35,825
HAVING A MAJOR IMPACT ON MENTAL 

4095
03:26:35,825 --> 03:26:36,058
HEALTH.

4096
03:26:36,058 --> 03:26:39,095
HOW IS IT AFFECTING BRAIN HEALTH

4097
03:26:39,095 --> 03:26:40,096
AND NEUROLOGICAL RESILIENCY?

4098
03:26:40,096 --> 03:26:41,530
HOW DO WE USE THAT KNOWLEDGE TO 

4099
03:26:41,530 --> 03:26:43,099
PROTECT OURSELVES AS A SPECIES 

4100
03:26:43,099 --> 03:26:45,534
AS WE BEGIN TO DEAL WITH THE 

4101
03:26:45,534 --> 03:26:54,477
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE?

4102
03:26:54,477 --> 03:26:56,512
AND RESEARCH TO PROMOTE BRAIN 

4103
03:26:56,512 --> 03:26:57,546
HEALTH EQUITY.

4104
03:26:57,546 --> 03:26:59,882
I KNOW NINDS HAS BEEN ENGAGED IN

4105
03:26:59,882 --> 03:27:01,817
A LOT OF RESEARCH, FUNDING 

4106
03:27:01,817 --> 03:27:07,390
RESEARCH TO UNDERSTAND HEALTH 

4107
03:27:07,390 --> 03:27:10,593
DISPARITIES.

4108
03:27:10,593 --> 03:27:12,495
THERE'S MORE REALIZATION THE 

4109
03:27:12,495 --> 03:27:14,797
DISPARITIES ARISE AND NOT ONLY 

4110
03:27:14,797 --> 03:27:16,098
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTING BUT 

4111
03:27:16,098 --> 03:27:18,300
THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS IN 

4112
03:27:18,300 --> 03:27:19,869
WHICH THESE COMMUNITIES ARE 

4113
03:27:19,869 --> 03:27:22,605
LIVING.

4114
03:27:22,605 --> 03:27:23,572
BEING ABLE TO LEVERAGE THE 

4115
03:27:23,572 --> 03:27:25,875
RESEARCH IN THE AREA TO REALLY 

4116
03:27:25,875 --> 03:27:27,443
THEN PROMOTE BRAIN HEALTH EQUITY

4117
03:27:27,443 --> 03:27:37,953
WOULD BE A HUGE STEP FORWARD.

4118
03:27:41,891 --> 03:27:48,364
AND THE NINDS HAS TRASHLDITIONA 

4119
03:27:48,364 --> 03:27:51,033
FUNDED RESEARCH THAT SHOULD BE 

4120
03:27:51,033 --> 03:27:54,336
LEVERAGED ON THE EXPOSOME WITH 

4121
03:27:54,336 --> 03:27:56,372
IDENTIFYING NOVEL MITIGATION 

4122
03:27:56,372 --> 03:27:58,240
TARGETS AND PRIORITY AREAS 

4123
03:27:58,240 --> 03:28:02,144
INCLUDE THE UNDERPINNINGS OF 

4124
03:28:02,144 --> 03:28:03,279
RESILIENCY ACROSS THE LIFE 

4125
03:28:03,279 --> 03:28:07,416
COURSE AND ELUCIDATING HOW THEY 

4126
03:28:07,416 --> 03:28:11,153
PROMOTE OR UNDERMINE RESILIENCE.

4127
03:28:11,153 --> 03:28:13,923
SECOND IS DEVELOPING HOW ADVERSE

4128
03:28:13,923 --> 03:28:17,293
FACTORS PROMOTE NEUROLOGICAL 

4129
03:28:17,293 --> 03:28:18,828
DYSFUNCTION AND HOW THEY 

4130
03:28:18,828 --> 03:28:21,230
INTERACT TO PROMOTE NEUROLOGICAL

4131
03:28:21,230 --> 03:28:21,497
DISEASE.

4132
03:28:21,497 --> 03:28:24,366
AND TO IDENTIFY THE MECHANISMS 

4133
03:28:24,366 --> 03:28:28,103
BY WHICH DISEASE AND OTHER ORGAN

4134
03:28:28,103 --> 03:28:29,572
SYSTEMS PARTICULARLY 

4135
03:28:29,572 --> 03:28:31,173
CARDIOVASCULAR, PULMONARY AND 

4136
03:28:31,173 --> 03:28:36,111
EPITHELIAL SYSTEMS IMPACT 

4137
03:28:36,111 --> 03:28:37,947
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES.

4138
03:28:37,947 --> 03:28:40,115
THE EXPOSOME IMPACT THE ORGAN 

4139
03:28:40,115 --> 03:28:43,352
SYSTEMS AND GIVEN THE INCREASE 

4140
03:28:43,352 --> 03:28:45,788
CROSS TALK BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND

4141
03:28:45,788 --> 03:28:47,289
PERIPHERAL ORGAN SYSTEMS IN THE 

4142
03:28:47,289 --> 03:28:48,324
CONTEXT OF BRAIN HEALTH IS 

4143
03:28:48,324 --> 03:28:50,826
IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE 

4144
03:28:50,826 --> 03:28:52,094
EXPOSOME INTEGRATES ACROSS THE 

4145
03:28:52,094 --> 03:28:57,166
ORGAN SYSTEMS.

4146
03:28:57,166 --> 03:29:01,003
THE THIRD PRIORITY AREA IS TO 

4147
03:29:01,003 --> 03:29:02,071
EVALUATE EXPOSOMIC FACTORS IN 

4148
03:29:02,071 --> 03:29:02,838
POPULATION STUDIES.

4149
03:29:02,838 --> 03:29:04,940
PUBLIC HEALTH, CLINICAL AND 

4150
03:29:04,940 --> 03:29:05,608
INTERVENTIONAL RESEARCH STUDIES 

4151
03:29:05,608 --> 03:29:10,346
ARE DESPERATELY NEEDED TO 

4152
03:29:10,346 --> 03:29:15,451
IDENTIFY NEURAL EXPOSOME RISK 

4153
03:29:15,451 --> 03:29:18,420
FACTORS AND NEED TO USE THE 

4154
03:29:18,420 --> 03:29:20,122
KNOWLEDGE TO TEST STRATEGIES TO 

4155
03:29:20,122 --> 03:29:22,191
MITIGATE SUCH RISKS.

4156
03:29:22,191 --> 03:29:26,529
CAN WE CHANGE THE COURSE OF 

4157
03:29:26,529 --> 03:29:28,130
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE MITIGATING 

4158
03:29:28,130 --> 03:29:29,398
RISK FACTORS?

4159
03:29:29,398 --> 03:29:31,867
ACTION ITEMS INCLUDE IDENTIFYING

4160
03:29:31,867 --> 03:29:34,169
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS THAT 

4161
03:29:34,169 --> 03:29:36,438
PROMOTE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES 

4162
03:29:36,438 --> 03:29:39,975
AND COHORT TO ELUCIDATE 

4163
03:29:39,975 --> 03:29:40,576
INTERACTIONS OF RELEVANCE TO 

4164
03:29:40,576 --> 03:29:43,379
BRAIN HEALTH.

4165
03:29:43,379 --> 03:29:46,582
SECONDLY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT ON

4166
03:29:46,582 --> 03:29:47,216
NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH OF POLICY 

4167
03:29:47,216 --> 03:29:49,985
AND COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS THAT

4168
03:29:49,985 --> 03:29:52,521
MODIFY EXPOSOMIC FACTORS.

4169
03:29:52,521 --> 03:29:55,991
FOR EXAMPLE THERE'S NATURAL 

4170
03:29:55,991 --> 03:29:57,626
EXPERIMENTS ONGOING ALL THE TIME

4171
03:29:57,626 --> 03:30:00,095
AND NINDS WOULD BE IN A GOOD 

4172
03:30:00,095 --> 03:30:05,401
POSITION TO LEVERAGE THOSE.

4173
03:30:05,401 --> 03:30:07,202
SOME EXPERIMENTS INCLUDE CHANGES

4174
03:30:07,202 --> 03:30:09,138
IN PUBLIC POLICY FOR EXAMPLE WE 

4175
03:30:09,138 --> 03:30:11,106
SAW IN MICHIGAN A HUGE PUBLIC 

4176
03:30:11,106 --> 03:30:15,277
POLICY SHIFT REGARDING THE USE 

4177
03:30:15,277 --> 03:30:16,712
OF LEADED PIPES TO DEVELOP 

4178
03:30:16,712 --> 03:30:17,179
WATER.

4179
03:30:17,179 --> 03:30:21,884
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW MITT 

4180
03:30:21,884 --> 03:30:24,920
GETTING LEAD EXPOSURE CHANGES 

4181
03:30:24,920 --> 03:30:34,363
THE TRAJECTORY OR LOOK AT 

4182
03:30:34,363 --> 03:30:38,801
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTINGS.

4183
03:30:38,801 --> 03:30:42,404
IT WOULD BE AWESOME TO HAVE 

4184
03:30:42,404 --> 03:30:43,772
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS IN PLACE 

4185
03:30:43,772 --> 03:30:45,207
TO LEVERAGE EXPERIMENTS AND 

4186
03:30:45,207 --> 03:30:47,176
UNDERSTAND HOW MITIGATING 

4187
03:30:47,176 --> 03:30:50,913
EXPOSURES CHANGES NEURO LOGICAL 

4188
03:30:50,913 --> 03:30:51,146
DISEASE.

4189
03:30:51,146 --> 03:30:53,182
THIRD IS DEVELOP TEST STRATEGIES

4190
03:30:53,182 --> 03:30:55,184
TO MITIGATE EXPOSURES INCLUDING 

4191
03:30:55,184 --> 03:30:55,985
STUDIES TO ASSESS AND EXPAND 

4192
03:30:55,985 --> 03:31:01,523
RESILIENCE.

4193
03:31:01,523 --> 03:31:02,858
THE FOURTH PRIORITY AREA WAS TO 

4194
03:31:02,858 --> 03:31:04,927
CREATE A POOL OF INVESTIGATORS 

4195
03:31:04,927 --> 03:31:07,129
TO SATISFACTION THE NEURAL 

4196
03:31:07,129 --> 03:31:07,396
EXPOSOME.

4197
03:31:07,396 --> 03:31:09,999
THE TRANS DISCIPLINARY NATURE OF

4198
03:31:09,999 --> 03:31:11,533
EXPOSOME RESEARCH REQUIRES 

4199
03:31:11,533 --> 03:31:15,838
SUPPORTING AND BUILDING HIGHLY 

4200
03:31:15,838 --> 03:31:17,673
SKILLED MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAMS

4201
03:31:17,673 --> 03:31:23,045
OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGISTS AND 

4202
03:31:23,045 --> 03:31:28,550
TOXICOLOGISTS, BIO 

4203
03:31:28,550 --> 03:31:29,952
INFORMATICIANS AND SUPPORT FOR 

4204
03:31:29,952 --> 03:31:33,222
TRAINING AND EDUCATION AND 

4205
03:31:33,222 --> 03:31:33,922
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY EXPOSOMICS TO

4206
03:31:33,922 --> 03:31:34,456
RESEARCHERS OF ALL CAREER 

4207
03:31:34,456 --> 03:31:40,062
STAGES.

4208
03:31:40,062 --> 03:31:42,631
FEW FUNDED NOW HAVE THIS LEVEL 

4209
03:31:42,631 --> 03:31:48,137
OF EXPERTISE TO LET US TRAIN TO 

4210
03:31:48,137 --> 03:31:58,280
ADJUST.

4211
03:32:01,884 --> 03:32:04,920
SUPPORT THE INTEGRATION MUCH 

4212
03:32:04,920 --> 03:32:06,088
EXPOSOMIC EXPERTISE TO ONGOING 

4213
03:32:06,088 --> 03:32:12,094
HUMAN COHORT STUDIES.

4214
03:32:12,094 --> 03:32:14,063
PROVIDER SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING TO

4215
03:32:14,063 --> 03:32:15,197
ADD EXPERTISE TO THE PROJECT.

4216
03:32:15,197 --> 03:32:17,499
ENSURE REVIEW PANELS.

4217
03:32:17,499 --> 03:32:19,935
HAVE THE APPROPRIATE EXPERTISE 

4218
03:32:19,935 --> 03:32:23,005
TO EVALUATE SCOMBOES OME 

4219
03:32:23,005 --> 03:32:24,907
FOCUSSED RESEARCH INCLUDING 

4220
03:32:24,907 --> 03:32:27,876
EXPOSOME WIDE ASSOCIATION 

4221
03:32:27,876 --> 03:32:30,913
STUDIES AND FOR NINDS TO 

4222
03:32:30,913 --> 03:32:33,649
COMMUNICATE THE IMPORTANCE OF 

4223
03:32:33,649 --> 03:32:36,118
THE RESEARCH.

4224
03:32:36,118 --> 03:32:38,520
A STRAIGHTFORWARD STEP WOULD BE 

4225
03:32:38,520 --> 03:32:40,589
UPDATE THE WEBSITE AND 

4226
03:32:40,589 --> 03:32:41,123
COMMUNICATION MATERIALS 

4227
03:32:41,123 --> 03:32:42,925
INCLUDING MISSION STATEMENT TO 

4228
03:32:42,925 --> 03:32:44,059
CONVEY THE COMMITMENT TO 

4229
03:32:44,059 --> 03:32:48,130
UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF 

4230
03:32:48,130 --> 03:32:51,967
THE ENVIRONMENT OF BRAIN HEALTH.

4231
03:32:51,967 --> 03:32:52,735
EXPOSOMICS DIDN'T APPEAR IN THE 

4232
03:32:52,735 --> 03:32:56,772
MISSION STATEMENT OR WEBSITE.

4233
03:32:56,772 --> 03:32:59,408
TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC, POLICY 

4234
03:32:59,408 --> 03:33:00,209
MAKERS AND DISEASE COMMUNITIES 

4235
03:33:00,209 --> 03:33:02,244
AND JOURNALISTS IN THE ROLE THE 

4236
03:33:02,244 --> 03:33:02,811
ENVIRONMENT PLAYS IN BRAIN 

4237
03:33:02,811 --> 03:33:07,649
RESEARCH.

4238
03:33:07,649 --> 03:33:10,886
THE FIFTH WAS TO DEVELOP TOOLS 

4239
03:33:10,886 --> 03:33:14,089
TO DEVELOP THE EXPOSOME.

4240
03:33:14,089 --> 03:33:15,624
AND THE EXPOSE I AM RESEARCH 

4241
03:33:15,624 --> 03:33:17,493
WILL REQUIRE INTERDISCIPLINARY 

4242
03:33:17,493 --> 03:33:18,994
APPROACHES ACROSS ALL BIOLOGICAL

4243
03:33:18,994 --> 03:33:20,395
LEVELS.

4244
03:33:20,395 --> 03:33:23,332
IT WILL BE CRITICAL FOR NINDS TO

4245
03:33:23,332 --> 03:33:24,500
INVEST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 

4246
03:33:24,500 --> 03:33:25,501
RESOURCES AND TOOLS.

4247
03:33:25,501 --> 03:33:26,869
THIS IS A GOAL THAT PRETTY MUCH 

4248
03:33:26,869 --> 03:33:29,905
IS LIKELY TO BE REALIZED BY 

4249
03:33:29,905 --> 03:33:31,507
LEVERAGING ONGOING EFFORTS.

4250
03:33:31,507 --> 03:33:33,876
THERE'S CURRENTLY A LARGE NUMBER

4251
03:33:33,876 --> 03:33:35,878
OF EFFORTS TO DEVELOP THE 

4252
03:33:35,878 --> 03:33:40,282
RESOURCES AND TOOLS AND NOW 

4253
03:33:40,282 --> 03:33:41,950
INCREASING EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE 

4254
03:33:41,950 --> 03:33:43,252
EFFORTS FOR A HARMONIZED 

4255
03:33:43,252 --> 03:33:48,157
APPROACH AND DATA CAN BE SHARED 

4256
03:33:48,157 --> 03:33:49,591
ACROSS PLATFORMS.

4257
03:33:49,591 --> 03:33:55,130
THERE'S AREAS WHERE TOOL 

4258
03:33:55,130 --> 03:33:56,098
DEVELOPMENT CAN BENEFIT FROM 

4259
03:33:56,098 --> 03:33:59,568
DATA REPOSITORIES AND 

4260
03:33:59,568 --> 03:34:03,772
INFRASTRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS 

4261
03:34:03,772 --> 03:34:04,740
INVOLVEMENT.

4262
03:34:04,740 --> 03:34:07,576
IN REGARD TO BIO AND DATA 

4263
03:34:07,576 --> 03:34:09,411
REPOSITORIES NEUTRAL LIFE IS 

4264
03:34:09,411 --> 03:34:12,114
DIFFICULT TO RECONSTRUCT IN 

4265
03:34:12,114 --> 03:34:13,248
ADULT STUDIES.

4266
03:34:13,248 --> 03:34:16,618
WE NEED INFRASTRUCTURE TO ENABLE

4267
03:34:16,618 --> 03:34:20,088
THE DATA COLLECTION AND STORAGE 

4268
03:34:20,088 --> 03:34:24,126
OF EXPOSOME DATA TO EXISTING 

4269
03:34:24,126 --> 03:34:30,999
PHENOTYPE REPOSITORIES.

4270
03:34:30,999 --> 03:34:32,034
POLICIES TO ASSIST ALONG THESE 

4271
03:34:32,034 --> 03:34:34,069
LINES WOULD BE HELPFUL.

4272
03:34:34,069 --> 03:34:37,172
WITH RESPECT TO INFRASTRUCTURE 

4273
03:34:37,172 --> 03:34:42,811
THERE'S A REAL NEED TO INVEST IN

4274
03:34:42,811 --> 03:34:43,612
THE RESEARCH NEEDED TO 

4275
03:34:43,612 --> 03:34:46,615
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS NEEDED TO 

4276
03:34:46,615 --> 03:34:49,084
PROVIDE TECHNOLOGY AND 

4277
03:34:49,084 --> 03:34:52,087
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR 

4278
03:34:52,087 --> 03:34:52,855
RESEARCH.

4279
03:34:52,855 --> 03:34:54,289
NOT SAYING NINDS NEEDS TO INVEST

4280
03:34:54,289 --> 03:34:55,457
IN BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE BUT 

4281
03:34:55,457 --> 03:34:58,961
IT WOULD BE GREAT IF IT COULD 

4282
03:34:58,961 --> 03:35:01,296
INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH TO 

4283
03:35:01,296 --> 03:35:03,298
PROVIDE INSTRUCTIONS MODELS AND 

4284
03:35:03,298 --> 03:35:06,268
GUIDELINES FOR HOW WE DO AS A 

4285
03:35:06,268 --> 03:35:08,103
LARGE COMMUNITY DEVELOP THE 

4286
03:35:08,103 --> 03:35:10,172
INFRASTRUCTURE.

4287
03:35:10,172 --> 03:35:11,006
ANOTHER RECOMMENDATION IS TO 

4288
03:35:11,006 --> 03:35:14,343
CONVENE AND FUND A WORKING GROUP

4289
03:35:14,343 --> 03:35:19,915
TO FOSTER DATA ACCESS AND 

4290
03:35:19,915 --> 03:35:24,920
ADDRESS CULTURAL ISSUES THAT 

4291
03:35:24,920 --> 03:35:28,090
IMPEDE DATA SHARING.

4292
03:35:28,090 --> 03:35:30,926
A HURDLE TO ADVANCING EXPOSOME 

4293
03:35:30,926 --> 03:35:32,060
RESEARCH IS ACCESSING DIVERSE 

4294
03:35:32,060 --> 03:35:35,464
DATA STREAMS AND INTEGRATE THEM 

4295
03:35:35,464 --> 03:35:38,333
TO STUDIES.

4296
03:35:38,333 --> 03:35:44,907
NINDS HELP POUWOULD BE APPRECIA 

4297
03:35:44,907 --> 03:35:48,977
AND WITH MODEL SYSTEMS THERE'S A

4298
03:35:48,977 --> 03:35:51,513
NEW APPROACH METHODOLOGY FUNDED 

4299
03:35:51,513 --> 03:35:53,682
BY OTHER RESEARCH INSTITUTES 

4300
03:35:53,682 --> 03:35:53,916
ALREADY.

4301
03:35:53,916 --> 03:35:57,819
THESE INCLUDE INSILICO AND 

4302
03:35:57,819 --> 03:35:58,487
ORGANISM MODELS TO SCREEN 

4303
03:35:58,487 --> 03:36:00,255
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS TO ARE 

4304
03:36:00,255 --> 03:36:02,391
THOSE THAT CONVERGE MECHANISTIC 

4305
03:36:02,391 --> 03:36:03,592
PATHWAYS WE KNOW ARE IMPORTANT 

4306
03:36:03,592 --> 03:36:06,895
IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF 

4307
03:36:06,895 --> 03:36:07,663
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE.

4308
03:36:07,663 --> 03:36:09,298
A SECOND MODEL SYSTEM THAT IS 

4309
03:36:09,298 --> 03:36:10,465
RIPE FOR BEING LEVERAGED WOULD 

4310
03:36:10,465 --> 03:36:16,104
BE NON-HUMAN ANIMAL DISEASES 

4311
03:36:16,104 --> 03:36:18,907
COMPARABLE TO HUMAN NEURO 

4312
03:36:18,907 --> 03:36:19,841
LOGICAL DISEASES.

4313
03:36:19,841 --> 03:36:22,210
FOR EXAMPLE, DOGS DEVELOP 

4314
03:36:22,210 --> 03:36:24,112
EPILEPSY THATTING.

4315
03:36:24,112 --> 03:36:30,686
HE -- THAT ARE MECHANISTICALLY 

4316
03:36:30,686 --> 03:36:33,488
SIMILAR AND UNDERSTANDING HOW 

4317
03:36:33,488 --> 03:36:36,758
THE EXPOSOME INFLUENCES EPILEPSY

4318
03:36:36,758 --> 03:36:42,397
FOR DISEASE TREATMENT WOULD BE 

4319
03:36:42,397 --> 03:36:42,664
FRUITFUL.

4320
03:36:42,664 --> 03:36:45,834
AND CAN LOOK AT DISEASE 

4321
03:36:45,834 --> 03:36:47,336
INCIDENTS AND DISEASE 

4322
03:36:47,336 --> 03:36:47,636
PROGRESSION.

4323
03:36:47,636 --> 03:36:49,972
THE LAST PRIORITY AREA FOSTER 

4324
03:36:49,972 --> 03:36:51,640
COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIPS 

4325
03:36:51,640 --> 03:36:55,444
TO ACCELERATE AND AMPLIFY 

4326
03:36:55,444 --> 03:36:56,611
EFFORTS IN THE NEURAL EXPOSOME 

4327
03:36:56,611 --> 03:37:00,515
IT'S CLEAR TO THE NEXT WORKING 

4328
03:37:00,515 --> 03:37:02,551
GROUP THE TRANS-NIH PARTNERSHIPS

4329
03:37:02,551 --> 03:37:04,019
ARE NEEDED TO REALIZE THE 

4330
03:37:04,019 --> 03:37:08,390
POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACT OF 

4331
03:37:08,390 --> 03:37:13,929
NEURAL EXPOSOMICS ON HUMAN 

4332
03:37:13,929 --> 03:37:15,630
HEALTH AND NINDS SHOULD EXPAND 

4333
03:37:15,630 --> 03:37:17,966
TO INCLUDE MEASURES OF 

4334
03:37:17,966 --> 03:37:20,435
NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH AND 

4335
03:37:20,435 --> 03:37:21,636
INCENTIVIZE STUDIES OF BRAIN 

4336
03:37:21,636 --> 03:37:24,106
HEALTH AND ADD EXPOSOMIC 

4337
03:37:24,106 --> 03:37:25,307
MEASURES.

4338
03:37:25,307 --> 03:37:26,608
SEEK INPUT FROM INSTITUTES AND 

4339
03:37:26,608 --> 03:37:29,544
CENTERS AND OTHER AGENCIES THAT 

4340
03:37:29,544 --> 03:37:30,946
HAVE EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE 

4341
03:37:30,946 --> 03:37:31,713
ALREADY BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE 

4342
03:37:31,713 --> 03:37:42,157
AND TOOLS FOR COLLECTING, 

4343
03:37:42,391 --> 03:37:46,194
MANAGING DATA AND LEVERAGING THE

4344
03:37:46,194 --> 03:37:50,332
INSTITUTE AND COLLABORATE WITH 

4345
03:37:50,332 --> 03:37:51,933
PROGRAM TO INCENTIVIZE RESEARCH 

4346
03:37:51,933 --> 03:37:56,538
ON THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL 

4347
03:37:56,538 --> 03:38:00,108
EXPOSURE AND EXPRESSION OF 

4348
03:38:00,108 --> 03:38:02,411
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE AND SET 

4349
03:38:02,411 --> 03:38:07,616
STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 

4350
03:38:07,616 --> 03:38:12,087
QUALITY AND ENGAGE IN EFFORTS TO

4351
03:38:12,087 --> 03:38:14,489
ESTABLISH A NATIONAL OR GLOBAL 

4352
03:38:14,489 --> 03:38:16,725
TOXICANT REGISTRY WITH EXPOSURE 

4353
03:38:16,725 --> 03:38:18,827
DATA, FOR EXAMPLE, AIR POLLUTION

4354
03:38:18,827 --> 03:38:21,563
AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURES, NANO 

4355
03:38:21,563 --> 03:38:24,099
PLASTICS MAPPED TO SPECIFIC 

4356
03:38:24,099 --> 03:38:26,601
UNITS AND A NATIONAL GLOBAL 

4357
03:38:26,601 --> 03:38:31,673
MONITORING PROGRAM.

4358
03:38:31,673 --> 03:38:33,408
WITH THAT I'M STOP AND TAKE ANY 

4359
03:38:33,408 --> 03:38:33,675
QUESTIONS.

4360
03:38:33,675 --> 03:38:38,113
I WAS TOLD TO KEEP IT SHORT TO 

4361
03:38:38,113 --> 03:38:39,581
HAVE ROOM FOR QUESTIONS SO HAPPY

4362
03:38:39,581 --> 03:38:41,283
TO FIELD QUESTIONS.

4363
03:38:41,283 --> 03:38:47,289
DAVE FEEL FREE TO ADD ON IF YOU 

4364
03:38:47,289 --> 03:38:48,123
HAVE ANYTHING TO ADD.

4365
03:38:48,123 --> 03:38:58,533
I WELCOME THAT AS WELL.

4366
03:39:16,151 --> 03:39:18,653
>> IF EVERYBODY COULD
STAND UP 

4367
03:39:18,653 --> 03:39:25,327
AND STRETCH FOR A SECOND AND 

4368
03:39:25,327 --> 03:39:29,331
THEN I'D BE WILLING TO GIVE AN 

4369
03:39:29,331 --> 03:39:39,774
EXAMPLE OF WHAT COULD BE.

4370
03:40:00,162 --> 03:40:04,399
>> IF YOU WANT TO SABOTAGE
A 

4371
03:40:04,399 --> 03:40:05,867
PRESENTATION PUT IT AT 2:30 IN 

4372
03:40:05,867 --> 03:40:07,802
THE RAFT NOON.

4373
03:40:07,802 --> 03:40:18,046
-- AFTERNOON.

4374
03:40:18,280 --> 03:40:21,149
>> YOU DID A GREAT JOB OF
FLINT 

4375
03:40:21,149 --> 03:40:23,718
OF THE KINDS OF THINGS WE'RE 

4376
03:40:23,718 --> 03:40:24,085
TRAUKING ABOUT.

4377
03:40:24,085 --> 03:40:24,986
I WANTED TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE, I 

4378
03:40:24,986 --> 03:40:29,658
JUST E-MAILED SINCE I SAW THE 

4379
03:40:29,658 --> 03:40:33,295
RELEASE OF A NOFO FOR 

4380
03:40:33,295 --> 03:40:36,798
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND 

4381
03:40:36,798 --> 03:40:41,069
EXPOSOMICS I E-MAILED EXPERTS IN

4382
03:40:41,069 --> 03:40:45,941
THE FIELD THAT COULD TO A STUDY 

4383
03:40:45,941 --> 03:40:47,209
IN LOS ANGELES AND RISK FOR 

4384
03:40:47,209 --> 03:40:48,109
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BUT IT WOULD

4385
03:40:48,109 --> 03:40:50,912
ALSO BE GOOD FOR STROKE OR OTHER

4386
03:40:50,912 --> 03:40:52,747
THINGS TO ADD OTHER ASSESSMENTS 

4387
03:40:52,747 --> 03:40:56,084
INTO THIS AND NOT JUST 

4388
03:40:56,084 --> 03:41:00,689
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK.

4389
03:41:00,689 --> 03:41:03,491
THE THINGS WE COULD COLLECT IN 

4390
03:41:03,491 --> 03:41:04,459
LOS ANGELES WOULD HAVE TO BE 

4391
03:41:04,459 --> 03:41:06,394
WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY.

4392
03:41:06,394 --> 03:41:09,197
WE'D WANT TO KNOW WHAT HAIR 

4393
03:41:09,197 --> 03:41:10,665
PRODUCTS ARE YOU USING.

4394
03:41:10,665 --> 03:41:12,467
DO YOU LIVE NEAR A FIRE STATION.

4395
03:41:12,467 --> 03:41:16,104
WHAT ARE THE STRESSORS YOU'RE 

4396
03:41:16,104 --> 03:41:17,372
UNDERGOING, HOW MUCH TRAFFIC DO 

4397
03:41:17,372 --> 03:41:20,108
YOU DRIVE IN EVERY DAY.

4398
03:41:20,108 --> 03:41:22,711
ALL THESE THINGS COME TOGETHER.

4399
03:41:22,711 --> 03:41:23,411
TO INFLUENCE THINGS LIKE 

4400
03:41:23,411 --> 03:41:33,888
ALZHEIMER'S OR STROKE RISK.

4401
03:41:41,129 --> 03:41:42,497
NOW THAT WE HAVE THE TOOLS TO 

4402
03:41:42,497 --> 03:41:48,536
ASSESS A BUNCH OF THINGS AND 

4403
03:41:48,536 --> 03:41:54,542
HAVE THE DATABASES TO HANDLE THE

4404
03:41:54,542 --> 03:42:05,053
INFORMATION AND I THINK WE'RE 

4405
03:42:08,290 --> 03:42:10,025
WELL POISED TO START THESE 

4406
03:42:10,025 --> 03:42:10,692
INVESTIGATIONS THAN NEUROSCIENCE

4407
03:42:10,692 --> 03:42:21,136
HAS TAKEN US IN THE PAST.

4408
03:42:28,376 --> 03:42:32,080
AND LOOKING AT STUDIES ACROSS 

4409
03:42:32,080 --> 03:42:34,049
DISCIPLINARY WORK THIS IS A 

4410
03:42:34,049 --> 03:42:36,418
COMPREHENSIVE SET OF GUIDELINES.

4411
03:42:36,418 --> 03:42:38,553
THERE'S A SITUATION WHERE THERE 

4412
03:42:38,553 --> 03:42:40,889
MAY BE MANY PROGRAMS COLLECTING 

4413
03:42:40,889 --> 03:42:43,258
DATA RELATED TO OTHER ORGAN 

4414
03:42:43,258 --> 03:42:44,092
SYSTEMS.

4415
03:42:44,092 --> 03:42:45,960
THEY HADN'T THOUGHT ABOUT THE 

4416
03:42:45,960 --> 03:42:46,561
BRAIN.

4417
03:42:46,561 --> 03:42:50,098
THEY MAY BE COST EFFECTIVE.

4418
03:42:50,098 --> 03:42:53,935
WHAT ARE WE DOING IN THAT SPACE.

4419
03:42:53,935 --> 03:42:55,203
HOW IMPORTANT IS IT THAT THIS 

4420
03:42:55,203 --> 03:42:56,204
STILL EXISTS?

4421
03:42:56,204 --> 03:42:57,672
>> THAT MIGHT BE A
QUESTION FOR 

4422
03:42:57,672 --> 03:43:07,949
DAVID TO ANSWER.

4423
03:43:19,027 --> 03:43:22,263
>> THE NEURAL BIO BANK IS
THE 

4424
03:43:22,263 --> 03:43:27,369
BIGGEST INVESTMENT AND TISSUE 

4425
03:43:27,369 --> 03:43:37,846
SAMPLES WITH CLINICAL DATA 

4426
03:43:44,152 --> 03:43:50,358
THERE'S SAMPLE ON LOTS OF PEOPLE

4427
03:43:50,358 --> 03:43:55,430
THERE'S OVER 10,000 PEOPLE WITH 

4428
03:43:55,430 --> 03:44:04,105
WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING, 

4429
03:44:04,105 --> 03:44:07,142
PROTEOMICS.

4430
03:44:07,142 --> 03:44:09,344
THE BIG QUESTION IS WHAT ARE YOU

4431
03:44:09,344 --> 03:44:12,080
GOING TO MEASURE AND THAT HELD 

4432
03:44:12,080 --> 03:44:13,681
THE FIELD BACK.

4433
03:44:13,681 --> 03:44:17,786
ANYBODY WITH A CLEVER IDEA THAT 

4434
03:44:17,786 --> 03:44:19,988
CERTAIN EXPOSURES MAY CAUSE X 

4435
03:44:19,988 --> 03:44:24,159
AND MAY CHANGE Y THAT'S WHAT A 

4436
03:44:24,159 --> 03:44:30,198
CLEVER PERSON HAS TO SORT OUT.

4437
03:44:30,198 --> 03:44:35,036
WE HAVE PUT TOGETHER BIO 

4438
03:44:35,036 --> 03:44:37,071
REPOSITORIES TO TEST THEORY.

4439
03:44:37,071 --> 03:44:38,339
THE PROBLEM IS WE CAN'T DO THAT 

4440
03:44:38,339 --> 03:44:39,474
FOR EVERY DISEASE WE HAVE.

4441
03:44:39,474 --> 03:44:48,416
WE'RE KIND OF LIMITED THERE.

4442
03:44:48,416 --> 03:44:50,785
THERE'S A U.K. BIO BANK FOR THE 

4443
03:44:50,785 --> 03:44:55,356
WORK WHERE THE WHOLE COUNTRY 

4444
03:44:55,356 --> 03:44:57,225
COLLECTED SAMPLES AND CLINICAL 

4445
03:44:57,225 --> 03:44:59,160
DATA ON 100,000 PEOPLE.

4446
03:44:59,160 --> 03:45:04,098
ALL OF US, WHICH IS WHAT NIH'S 

4447
03:45:04,098 --> 03:45:06,000
PROGRAM IS TRYING TO GET TO A 

4448
03:45:06,000 --> 03:45:08,102
MILLION PEOPLE WITH BIO SAMPLES 

4449
03:45:08,102 --> 03:45:10,271
AND CLINICAL DATA WHO HAS HOPED 

4450
03:45:10,271 --> 03:45:12,407
TO BE SOMETHING LIKE THAT IN THE

4451
03:45:12,407 --> 03:45:14,075
POPULATION SPACE, THEY GOT HIT 

4452
03:45:14,075 --> 03:45:16,578
WITH THE SAME BUDGET CUT THE 

4453
03:45:16,578 --> 03:45:20,081
BRAIN INITIATIVE DID.

4454
03:45:20,081 --> 03:45:30,492
THEY HAD ISSUES AS WELL.

4455
03:45:32,093 --> 03:45:33,628
PAM MENTIONED LOOKING AT A 

4456
03:45:33,628 --> 03:45:34,429
CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND 

4457
03:45:34,429 --> 03:45:43,638
LOOKING FOR CHANGES.

4458
03:45:43,638 --> 03:45:44,739
THERE MAY BE HOT POCKETS WITH 

4459
03:45:44,739 --> 03:45:50,678
EXPOSURES AND MAY MNOT BE IN THS

4460
03:45:50,678 --> 03:45:53,381
COUNTRY BUT TAKING ADVANTAGE OF 

4461
03:45:53,381 --> 03:45:54,282
THE HIGH EXPOSURES VARIATION 

4462
03:45:54,282 --> 03:45:56,117
AROUND THE WORLD TO SEE IF YOU 

4463
03:45:56,117 --> 03:46:01,856
CAN SEE HOT SPOTS FOR CERTAIN 

4464
03:46:01,856 --> 03:46:04,893
CONDITIONS BEING ASSOCIATED AND 

4465
03:46:04,893 --> 03:46:09,030
THE OTHER PROBLEM IS YOU TALK 

4466
03:46:09,030 --> 03:46:11,366
ABOUT EXPOSOME AFFECTING NEURAL 

4467
03:46:11,366 --> 03:46:13,067
LOGIC HEALTH.

4468
03:46:13,067 --> 03:46:17,372
IF IT'S A SINGLE HIGH EXPOSURE 

4469
03:46:17,372 --> 03:46:19,941
EVENT LIKELY THAT'S TRACTABLE.

4470
03:46:19,941 --> 03:46:21,776
IT'S NOT EASY BUT TRACKABLE.

4471
03:46:21,776 --> 03:46:28,082
IF IT'S A LOW EXPOSURE OF 50 

4472
03:46:28,082 --> 03:46:30,818
YEARS THEN IT GETS HARD.

4473
03:46:30,818 --> 03:46:33,955
WE NEED ANOTHER INTEGRAL OF THE 

4474
03:46:33,955 --> 03:46:41,262
EXPOSOME TO HAMMER THOSE OUT.

4475
03:46:41,262 --> 03:46:42,997
THOSE ARE GREAT POINTS.

4476
03:46:42,997 --> 03:46:44,465
I THINK THERE'S A COUPLE THINGS 

4477
03:46:44,465 --> 03:46:48,136
EXCITING THAT ARE BEING 

4478
03:46:48,136 --> 03:46:48,403
DEVELOPED.

4479
03:46:48,403 --> 03:46:49,504
ONE IS HIGH RESOLUTION IN 

4480
03:46:49,504 --> 03:46:50,738
GEOSPATIAL MAPPING.

4481
03:46:50,738 --> 03:46:53,141
THERE'S NOW THE ABILITY TO 

4482
03:46:53,141 --> 03:46:56,844
LEVERAGE HISTORIC DATABASES 

4483
03:46:56,844 --> 03:47:02,483
WHERE FOR EXAMPLE NOAA HAVE 

4484
03:47:02,483 --> 03:47:04,052
MAPPED PESTICIDES OR POLLUTION 

4485
03:47:04,052 --> 03:47:07,922
AND WE CAN GO BACK 50 YEARS AND 

4486
03:47:07,922 --> 03:47:09,924
MAP THEM PRECISELY TO SPECIFIC 

4487
03:47:09,924 --> 03:47:13,561
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS.

4488
03:47:13,561 --> 03:47:16,097
NOW WE HAVE CENSUS DATA TO SAY 

4489
03:47:16,097 --> 03:47:18,099
WHO LIVED THERE WHEN AND THAT IS

4490
03:47:18,099 --> 03:47:21,502
A WAY TO COMPILE A LIFE TIME 

4491
03:47:21,502 --> 03:47:24,105
EXPOSURE TO A LOT.

4492
03:47:24,105 --> 03:47:26,741
WE ALSO NOW HAVE FASCINATING 

4493
03:47:26,741 --> 03:47:28,109
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES WHERE WE 

4494
03:47:28,109 --> 03:47:32,814
CAN LOOK AT LIFE TIME EXPOSURE 

4495
03:47:32,814 --> 03:47:34,849
INTEGRATED IN TOOTH ENAMEL.

4496
03:47:34,849 --> 03:47:36,517
PEOPLE CAN ERODE LAYERS OF THE 

4497
03:47:36,517 --> 03:47:39,621
TEETH AND LOOK AT AN UNBIASSED 

4498
03:47:39,621 --> 03:47:40,989
MANNER A NUMBER OF CHEMICALS TO 

4499
03:47:40,989 --> 03:47:44,092
SEE WHAT YOU WERE EXPOSED TO AT 

4500
03:47:44,092 --> 03:47:44,592
THAT TIME IN YOUR LIFE.

4501
03:47:44,592 --> 03:47:46,728
THERE'S A LOT OF THAT GOING ON 

4502
03:47:46,728 --> 03:47:48,229
IN THE CONTEXT OF CHILDHOOD 

4503
03:47:48,229 --> 03:47:50,298
DISEASES TAKING SHED BABY TEETH 

4504
03:47:50,298 --> 03:47:52,467
AND DOING THESE TYPES OF 

4505
03:47:52,467 --> 03:47:53,568
ANALYSIS AND NOW LOOKING AT THIS

4506
03:47:53,568 --> 03:47:55,236
IN THE CONTEXT OF ADULTS.

4507
03:47:55,236 --> 03:47:57,171
WHEN YOU HAVE A TOOTH EXTRACTED,

4508
03:47:57,171 --> 03:47:58,406
SAVE THAT TOOTH.

4509
03:47:58,406 --> 03:48:01,075
WE CAN USE THAT TO BUILD YOUR 

4510
03:48:01,075 --> 03:48:01,876
EXPOSURE PROFILE.

4511
03:48:01,876 --> 03:48:05,613
THERE'S ALSO COOL WORK GOING ON 

4512
03:48:05,613 --> 03:48:10,818
WITH MEASURING THE EXPOSOME AND 

4513
03:48:10,818 --> 03:48:16,724
ADIPOCYTES WHICH ARE STABLE 

4514
03:48:16,724 --> 03:48:17,925
TISSUE.

4515
03:48:17,925 --> 03:48:19,394
THE NOW WITH THE EMERGING 

4516
03:48:19,394 --> 03:48:20,528
TECHNOLOGIES THEY ARE ALLOW US 

4517
03:48:20,528 --> 03:48:31,072
TO DO UNBIASSED ANALYSIS OF C

4518
03:48:31,472 --> 03:48:33,741
CHEMICALS AND LOOK AT SOCIO 

4519
03:48:33,741 --> 03:48:36,477
ECONOMIC LEVELS IMPACTING THE 

4520
03:48:36,477 --> 03:48:41,015
EXPOSOMICS AND WE'RE LOOKING RAT

4521
03:48:41,015 --> 03:48:44,585
EPIGENETIC MARKS OF ADVERSE 

4522
03:48:44,585 --> 03:48:45,887
EVENTS IN SOMEBODY'S LIFE, 

4523
03:48:45,887 --> 03:48:49,290
LIVING IN A POOR NEIGHBORHOOD, 

4524
03:48:49,290 --> 03:48:50,725
HAVING MATERNAL STRESS.

4525
03:48:50,725 --> 03:48:51,359
THERE'S A RICHER DATABASE OF 

4526
03:48:51,359 --> 03:48:53,594
MARKS THAT ALLOWS US TO 

4527
03:48:53,594 --> 03:48:55,596
INTEGRATE THOSE TYPES OF 

4528
03:48:55,596 --> 03:48:58,966
EXPOSURES AND DOING THIS WITH 

4529
03:48:58,966 --> 03:49:01,569
CHEMICALS AS WELL.

4530
03:49:01,569 --> 03:49:03,838
EPIGENETICS IS A COOL POTENTIAL 

4531
03:49:03,838 --> 03:49:05,940
TO INTEGRATE EXPOSURES NOT ONLY 

4532
03:49:05,940 --> 03:49:07,341
WITHIN A SPECIFIC WINDOW OF TIME

4533
03:49:07,341 --> 03:49:08,176
BUT MAYBE ACROSS THE LIFE TIME 

4534
03:49:08,176 --> 03:49:18,319
AS WELL.

4535
03:49:31,499 --> 03:49:39,040
>> FIRST'S AMAZING TO SEE
THIS 

4536
03:49:39,040 --> 03:49:49,250
TAKING SLAP.

4537
03:49:51,119 --> 03:49:53,688
-- SHAPE.

4538
03:49:53,688 --> 03:49:54,489
IT'S TIME.

4539
03:49:54,489 --> 03:49:56,491
THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE

4540
03:49:56,491 --> 03:49:57,091
PROBABLY MORE AFFECTED BY THE 

4541
03:49:57,091 --> 03:50:07,301
ENVIRONMENT.

4542
03:50:07,535 --> 03:50:10,438
I AGREE THERE'S CLINICAL DATA 

4543
03:50:10,438 --> 03:50:10,772
COMING OUT.

4544
03:50:10,772 --> 03:50:12,607
IT'S FANTASTIC WE HAVE CRITICAL 

4545
03:50:12,607 --> 03:50:14,542
ASSOCIATIONS YOU'RE SPEAKING TO 

4546
03:50:14,542 --> 03:50:15,042
NOW.

4547
03:50:15,042 --> 03:50:18,446
I WAS THINKING ABOUT THE 

4548
03:50:18,446 --> 03:50:19,881
MECHANISTIC WORK BEING DONE 

4549
03:50:19,881 --> 03:50:23,284
ACROSS THE NINDS FUNDED LABT 

4550
03:50:23,284 --> 03:50:26,687
RIPS INTRAMURALLY THAT CONTAIN A

4551
03:50:26,687 --> 03:50:29,290
TREASURE TROVE OF AMAZING ANIMAL

4552
03:50:29,290 --> 03:50:32,126
MODELS AND PRE-CLINICAL MODELS 

4553
03:50:32,126 --> 03:50:34,796
AND WORK AIMED AT THE TARGET OR 

4554
03:50:34,796 --> 03:50:37,231
THE DISEASE PROCESS THAT YOU 

4555
03:50:37,231 --> 03:50:40,101
HYPOTHESIZED BASED ON CLINICAL 

4556
03:50:40,101 --> 03:50:43,037
ASSOCIATIONS IS THE AFFECT OF 

4557
03:50:43,037 --> 03:50:45,540
PESTICIDES IN KIN SONS AND 

4558
03:50:45,540 --> 03:50:49,510
MITOCHONDRIAL TALKS AND LOOKING 

4559
03:50:52,246 --> 03:51:02,723
AT THE TARGETS OF BIOMARKERS OR 

4560
03:51:08,162 --> 03:51:13,134
MECHANISMS.

4561
03:51:13,134 --> 03:51:17,371
THERE COULD BE ALREADY EXISTING 

4562
03:51:17,371 --> 03:51:17,638
EXPERTISE.

4563
03:51:17,638 --> 03:51:20,107
IT'S ACROSS EVERY DISEASE 

4564
03:51:20,107 --> 03:51:30,251
PROCESS.

4565
03:51:40,561 --> 03:51:42,296
ASKING THE LABORATORY TO WORK 

4566
03:51:42,296 --> 03:51:44,098
WITH THE TARGET OR HAVE THE 

4567
03:51:44,098 --> 03:51:51,205
MODEL TO STUDY IT FOR THAT 

4568
03:51:51,205 --> 03:51:52,240
CAUSALITY CORRELATION.

4569
03:51:52,240 --> 03:51:54,008
>> EXCELLENT POINT.

4570
03:51:54,008 --> 03:51:55,376
THAT IS ENCAPSULATED IN THE FULL

4571
03:51:55,376 --> 03:51:55,910
REPORT.

4572
03:51:55,910 --> 03:51:57,678
THANK YOU FOR BRINGING THAT UP 

4573
03:51:57,678 --> 03:52:04,018
AND EMPHASIZING THIS AND WE ARE 

4574
03:52:04,018 --> 03:52:06,454
AT A GREAT TIME TO DO THIS.

4575
03:52:06,454 --> 03:52:12,326
THERE'S SO MANY OF THESE MODELS 

4576
03:52:12,326 --> 03:52:15,162
DEVELOPED NOW TO LOOK AT CAUSAL 

4577
03:52:15,162 --> 03:52:18,032
MECHANISMS LINKING TO EFFECTS 

4578
03:52:18,032 --> 03:52:19,634
AND OUTCOME.

4579
03:52:19,634 --> 03:52:20,067
PERFECT SUGGESTION.

4580
03:52:20,067 --> 03:52:23,804
THANK YOU.

4581
03:52:23,804 --> 03:52:26,874
>> THIS ONLY THING I CAN
SAY IS 

4582
03:52:26,874 --> 03:52:29,043
I'LL SKIP THE OTHER STUFF THINGS

4583
03:52:29,043 --> 03:52:32,013
LIKE ECHO AND AECD AND A LOT OF 

4584
03:52:32,013 --> 03:52:35,249
THESE ARE DOING THIS ALREADY.

4585
03:52:35,249 --> 03:52:38,219
THINGS ARE HAPPENING NOW.

4586
03:52:38,219 --> 03:52:43,491
IF THINGS ARE HAPPENING, EUROPE,

4587
03:52:43,491 --> 03:52:45,192
JAPAN, A LOT IS GOING ON THERE.

4588
03:52:45,192 --> 03:52:45,693
I'VE BEEN THERE.

4589
03:52:45,693 --> 03:52:47,962
AND EARLIER WHEN WE WERE TALKING

4590
03:52:47,962 --> 03:52:49,697
ABOUT PREVENTION AND HOW THAT'S 

4591
03:52:49,697 --> 03:52:53,367
GOING TO BE IMPORTANT SEEMS LIKE

4592
03:52:53,367 --> 03:52:57,438
THREES SOMETHING WE CAN DO TO 

4593
03:52:57,438 --> 03:53:04,679
HELP GET THIS EXPOSOME RESEARCH 

4594
03:53:04,679 --> 03:53:05,079
OUT.

4595
03:53:05,079 --> 03:53:07,014
>> I AGREE.

4596
03:53:07,014 --> 03:53:10,518
THIS IS REALLY THE TRUE PROMISE 

4597
03:53:10,518 --> 03:53:12,086
OF EXPOSOMIC RESEARCH IS 

4598
03:53:12,086 --> 03:53:18,159
PREVENTION.

4599
03:53:18,159 --> 03:53:19,360
IT'S BETTER TO PREVENT DISEASE 

4600
03:53:19,360 --> 03:53:21,228
THAN TO TREAT IT.

4601
03:53:21,228 --> 03:53:23,264
THERE'S A POTENTIAL TO HAVE A 

4602
03:53:23,264 --> 03:53:27,301
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE BROAD 

4603
03:53:27,301 --> 03:53:29,437
SWATH OF POPULATION THAT DOESN'T

4604
03:53:29,437 --> 03:53:31,906
REQUIRE AN INDIVIDUAL TO CHANGE 

4605
03:53:31,906 --> 03:53:32,974
THEIR LIFESTYLE OR MAYBE IT DOES

4606
03:53:32,974 --> 03:53:34,642
BUT THERE'S POTENTIAL TO REDUCE 

4607
03:53:34,642 --> 03:53:38,379
HEALTH CARE COSTS BY LOOKING AT 

4608
03:53:38,379 --> 03:53:45,119
THE NEURAL EXPOSOME.

4609
03:53:45,119 --> 03:53:49,390
>> NOW, AS A FORMAL
WORKING 

4610
03:53:49,390 --> 03:53:51,092
GROUP OF COUNCIL WE'LL ASK FOR A

4611
03:53:51,092 --> 03:53:52,326
MOTION TO MOVE FORWARD THE 

4612
03:53:52,326 --> 03:53:53,794
RECOMMENDATIONS.

4613
03:53:53,794 --> 03:53:55,863
IS THERE A MOTION?

4614
03:53:55,863 --> 03:53:56,597
 SO MOVED.

4615
03:53:56,597 --> 03:53:57,631
>> IS THERE A SECOND?

4616
03:53:57,631 --> 03:53:58,399
>> SECOND.

4617
03:53:58,399 --> 03:54:00,101
>> OKAY.

4618
03:54:00,101 --> 03:54:00,368
GREAT.

4619
03:54:00,368 --> 03:54:06,307
WE'LL DO THE CALL OUT VOTING AS 

4620
03:54:06,307 --> 03:54:10,144
WE DID IN THE '50s.

4621
03:54:10,144 --> 03:54:13,848
AMY, VOTING AMY.

4622
03:54:13,848 --> 03:54:14,548
>> APPROVE.

4623
03:54:14,548 --> 03:54:15,883
>> BOB.

4624
03:54:15,883 --> 03:54:16,450
>> APPROVE.

4625
03:54:16,450 --> 03:54:16,784
>> JEN.

4626
03:54:16,784 --> 03:54:17,718
>> APPROVE.

4627
03:54:17,718 --> 03:54:19,453
>> JANE.

4628
03:54:19,453 --> 03:54:19,787
>> APPROVE.

4629
03:54:19,787 --> 03:54:20,688
>> JIM MU.

4630
03:54:20,688 --> 03:54:23,457
>> APPROVE.

4631
03:54:23,457 --> 03:54:26,227
>> JOHN.

4632
03:54:26,227 --> 03:54:27,228
>> APPROVE.

4633
03:54:27,228 --> 03:54:29,263
>> LOUISE.

4634
03:54:29,263 --> 03:54:29,563
>> APPROVE.

4635
03:54:29,563 --> 03:54:33,567
>> GINA.

4636
03:54:33,567 --> 03:54:34,902
>> APPROVE.

4637
03:54:34,902 --> 03:54:35,970
>> GEM ENNI.

4638
03:54:35,970 --> 03:54:37,805
>> APPROVE.

4639
03:54:37,805 --> 03:54:39,240
>> JIM.

4640
03:54:39,240 --> 03:54:40,007
>> SO MOVED.

4641
03:54:40,007 --> 03:54:50,451
>> APPROVED AND ACCEPTED.

4642
03:54:56,924 --> 03:54:58,592
WE HAVE A REPORT OUT NOT AN FY 

4643
03:54:58,592 --> 03:55:04,498
BUT UPDATE.

4644
03:55:04,498 --> 03:55:06,100
RICHARD IS OUR DIRECTOR OF 

4645
03:55:06,100 --> 03:55:08,102
OFFICE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 

4646
03:55:08,102 --> 03:55:09,370
DISPARITIES.

4647
03:55:09,370 --> 03:55:12,073
>> GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE.

4648
03:55:12,073 --> 03:55:13,174
THANK YOU.

4649
03:55:13,174 --> 03:55:17,978
THIS IS NOT A REPORT OUT THIS 

4650
03:55:17,978 --> 03:55:20,081
TIME.

4651
03:55:20,081 --> 03:55:30,624
IT'S MY HONOR TO PRESENT WE LEAD

4652
03:55:47,074 --> 03:55:48,175
THE COORDINATION AND REPORTING 

4653
03:55:48,175 --> 03:55:50,277
AND INITIATIVES RELATED TO 

4654
03:55:50,277 --> 03:55:51,579
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL 

4655
03:55:51,579 --> 03:55:54,882
RESEARCH ON DISPARITIES AND 

4656
03:55:54,882 --> 03:56:00,221
INEQUITIES IN NEUROLOGICAL 

4657
03:56:00,221 --> 03:56:00,488
DISEASES.

4658
03:56:00,488 --> 03:56:07,761
DR. SANKAR WILL BE PRESENTING 

4659
03:56:07,761 --> 03:56:14,802
TOMORROW AND SHE'LL TALK MORE 

4660
03:56:14,802 --> 03:56:21,976
ABOUT THAT TOMORROW.

4661
03:56:21,976 --> 03:56:23,677
NINDS HAS BEEN DOING GLOBAL 

4662
03:56:23,677 --> 03:56:25,012
HEALTH RESEARCH OVER 20 YEARS.

4663
03:56:25,012 --> 03:56:28,082
STACY HAS BEEN HERE MOST THE 

4664
03:56:28,082 --> 03:56:31,519
TIME.

4665
03:56:31,519 --> 03:56:36,891
SHE HAS HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE 

4666
03:56:36,891 --> 03:56:41,028
RELATED TO GLOBAL HEALTH AND 

4667
03:56:41,028 --> 03:56:43,130
LEADING A PLANNING PROCESS WE'RE

4668
03:56:43,130 --> 03:56:44,598
EMBARKING ON AND THAT'S WHAT 

4669
03:56:44,598 --> 03:56:45,299
I'LL TALK ABOUT TODAY AND GO 

4670
03:56:45,299 --> 03:56:55,476
INTO MORE.

4671
03:57:08,189 --> 03:57:10,758
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GLOBAL HEALTH

4672
03:57:10,758 --> 03:57:16,730
SO THAT'S SORT OF OUR PRIMARY 

4673
03:57:16,730 --> 03:57:17,531
GOAL IN BUILDING CAPACITY 

4674
03:57:17,531 --> 03:57:18,899
THROUGH INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH 

4675
03:57:18,899 --> 03:57:22,536
AND TRAINING TO ADDRESS PUBLIC 

4676
03:57:22,536 --> 03:57:23,270
HEALTH CHALLENGES RELATED TO 

4677
03:57:23,270 --> 03:57:25,072
NEURO LOGICAL DISORDERS.

4678
03:57:25,072 --> 03:57:26,540
WHEN WE THINK OF GLOBAL HEALTH 

4679
03:57:26,540 --> 03:57:30,578
AND HAVE SPOKEN WITH OTHER 

4680
03:57:30,578 --> 03:57:31,078
LICE

4681
03:57:31,078 --> 03:57:36,116
LICENSEES IN TERMS OF GLOBAL 

4682
03:57:36,116 --> 03:57:40,120
HEALTH RESEARCH WE SEPARATE THAT

4683
03:57:40,120 --> 03:57:41,956
IS SEPARATED FROM INTERNATIONAL 

4684
03:57:41,956 --> 03:57:44,124
RESEARCH WITH HIGH INCOME 

4685
03:57:44,124 --> 03:57:54,301
COUNTRIES.

4686
03:57:54,935 --> 03:57:57,404
RAND THE REASON FOR RESEARCH IN 

4687
03:57:57,404 --> 03:58:01,709
LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES,

4688
03:58:01,709 --> 03:58:02,876
NEURO LOGICAL CONDITIONS IT'S 

4689
03:58:02,876 --> 03:58:05,479
THE NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF DISEASE 

4690
03:58:05,479 --> 03:58:06,714
BURDEN WORLDWIDE.

4691
03:58:06,714 --> 03:58:09,617
IN 2021 ABOUT 3.4 BILLION 

4692
03:58:09,617 --> 03:58:10,985
INDIVIDUALS HAD CONDITIONS 

4693
03:58:10,985 --> 03:58:16,123
AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

4694
03:58:16,123 --> 03:58:20,461
THINK ABOUT THAT.

4695
03:58:20,461 --> 03:58:22,096
THAT'S 43% OF THE WORLD'S 

4696
03:58:22,096 --> 03:58:22,396
POPULATION.

4697
03:58:22,396 --> 03:58:24,565
I HAVE LISTED ON THE RIGHT SIDE 

4698
03:58:24,565 --> 03:58:30,471
OF THE SLIDE THE PREDOMINANT 

4699
03:58:30,471 --> 03:58:32,673
DISEASES THAT IMPACT PEOPLE.

4700
03:58:32,673 --> 03:58:34,675
STROKE IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE 

4701
03:58:34,675 --> 03:58:36,477
OF DEATH WORLDWIDE.

4702
03:58:36,477 --> 03:58:39,280
WE HAVE OTHER DISEASES LISTED ON

4703
03:58:39,280 --> 03:58:41,181
THE SLIDE.

4704
03:58:41,181 --> 03:58:43,784
IN TERMS OF THE DISABILITY 

4705
03:58:43,784 --> 03:58:45,085
ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS THAT'S 443 

4706
03:58:45,085 --> 03:58:48,155
MILLION DAILY ASSOCIATED WITH 

4707
03:58:48,155 --> 03:58:50,057
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES.

4708
03:58:50,057 --> 03:58:50,991
THAT'S HUGE.

4709
03:58:50,991 --> 03:58:56,030
THE BURDEN IS MASSIVE.

4710
03:58:56,030 --> 03:59:06,540
THAT MAKES AND THOSE OCCUR IN 

4711
03:59:09,510 --> 03:59:18,018
LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES.

4712
03:59:18,018 --> 03:59:18,686
AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE 

4713
03:59:18,686 --> 03:59:21,455
PARTICULAR GRAPH YOU CAN SEE THE

4714
03:59:21,455 --> 03:59:24,391
LARGE CIRCLES.

4715
03:59:24,391 --> 03:59:30,597
THOSE ARE LOCATED PRIMARILY IN 

4716
03:59:30,597 --> 03:59:38,539
LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES 

4717
03:59:38,539 --> 03:59:40,341
HAVE THOSE AREAS.

4718
03:59:40,341 --> 03:59:42,576
SO AS DR. KOROSHETZ MENTIONED 

4719
03:59:42,576 --> 03:59:44,878
EARLIER AND I WANT TO PREFACE 

4720
03:59:44,878 --> 03:59:46,680
THAT DR. KOROSHETZ HAS BEEN VERY

4721
03:59:46,680 --> 03:59:48,048
SUPPORTIVE OF THE WORK WE'RE 

4722
03:59:48,048 --> 03:59:51,485
DOING IN OUR OFFICE BOTH IN 

4723
03:59:51,485 --> 03:59:53,687
HEALTH EQUITY AS WELL AS GLOBAL 

4724
03:59:53,687 --> 03:59:57,491
HEALTH AS WELL AS DR. CLINTON 

4725
03:59:57,491 --> 03:59:58,125
WRIGHT.

4726
03:59:58,125 --> 03:59:58,759
SUPPORTIVE OF THE WORK WE'RE 

4727
03:59:58,759 --> 04:00:00,127
DOING WE WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO DO

4728
04:00:00,127 --> 04:00:02,830
IT WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF OUR 

4729
04:00:02,830 --> 04:00:03,130
LEADERSHIP.

4730
04:00:03,130 --> 04:00:08,135
SOME OF THE AREAS WE LIKE TO 

4731
04:00:08,135 --> 04:00:11,205
EMPHASIZE AND WE'RE PUTTING 

4732
04:00:11,205 --> 04:00:12,406
TOGETHER A GROUP OF THE ADVISORY

4733
04:00:12,406 --> 04:00:14,074
COUNCIL AND WOULD LIKE 

4734
04:00:14,074 --> 04:00:15,542
VOLUNTEERS TO WORK WITH US ON 

4735
04:00:15,542 --> 04:00:19,146
THIS.

4736
04:00:19,146 --> 04:00:24,118
WE HAVE A SENIOR ADVISER ON THE 

4737
04:00:24,118 --> 04:00:26,987
COUNCIL WORKING WITH US ON OUR 

4738
04:00:26,987 --> 04:00:28,122
PLANNING PROCESS.

4739
04:00:28,122 --> 04:00:30,724
HE WILL BE ON THIS AND WE'D LIKE

4740
04:00:30,724 --> 04:00:39,266
TO HAVE TWO CO-CHAIRS.

4741
04:00:39,266 --> 04:00:43,804
WE HAVE A CO-CHAIR FROM JOHNS 

4742
04:00:43,804 --> 04:00:47,241
HOPKINS AND WOULD LIKE 12 

4743
04:00:47,241 --> 04:00:48,375
MEMBERS FOR OUR NATIONAL 

4744
04:00:48,375 --> 04:00:49,977
ADVISORY COUNCIL AND REPRESENT 

4745
04:00:49,977 --> 04:00:52,112
THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AS WELL 

4746
04:00:52,112 --> 04:00:55,416
AS MULTIPLE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

4747
04:00:55,416 --> 04:00:55,716
AREAS.

4748
04:00:55,716 --> 04:00:57,384
E-MAIL BACK TO DR. KOROSHETZ IF 

4749
04:00:57,384 --> 04:00:58,485
YOU'RE INTERESTED IN WORKING IN 

4750
04:00:58,485 --> 04:01:00,421
THE GROUP WE THINK WILL BE 

4751
04:01:00,421 --> 04:01:03,557
IMPACTFUL.

4752
04:01:03,557 --> 04:01:14,101
 PUTTING THOSE TWO TOGETHER WORK

4753
04:01:17,070 --> 04:01:20,107
I'VE DONE OVER THE YEARS I HAVE 

4754
04:01:20,107 --> 04:01:27,714
NOT THOUGHT THEIR MASSIVE 

4755
04:01:27,714 --> 04:01:28,715
CONNECTION AND THERE'S SOCIAL 

4756
04:01:28,715 --> 04:01:30,717
DETERMINATES OF HEALTH THAT 

4757
04:01:30,717 --> 04:01:31,819
IMPACT THE U.S. AS WELL AS 

4758
04:01:31,819 --> 04:01:32,085
GLOBALLY.

4759
04:01:32,085 --> 04:01:37,624
IN ADDITION TO MULTIPLE OTHER 

4760
04:01:37,624 --> 04:01:43,330
FACTO

4761
04:01:43,330 --> 04:01:46,934
FACTORS WE LIKE TO BUILD 

4762
04:01:46,934 --> 04:01:52,039
CAPACITY AT VARIOUS LEVELS AND 

4763
04:01:52,039 --> 04:02:02,583
BUILDING BILATERAL PROGRAMS WE 

4764
04:02:06,820 --> 04:02:11,091
HAD OVER 30 RESPONSES WHICH IS A

4765
04:02:11,091 --> 04:02:13,527
LOT FOR AN RFI AND INDIVIDUALS 

4766
04:02:13,527 --> 04:02:15,496
AND ORGANIZATIONS AND 

4767
04:02:15,496 --> 04:02:16,029
INSTITUTIONS AND DOMESTIC 

4768
04:02:16,029 --> 04:02:17,798
RESPONSES AS WELL.

4769
04:02:17,798 --> 04:02:24,137
AND WE'RE ALSO IN THE PROCESS OF

4770
04:02:24,137 --> 04:02:27,941
DOING PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS OF 

4771
04:02:27,941 --> 04:02:29,877
EVERYTHING THE INSTITUTE FUNDED 

4772
04:02:29,877 --> 04:02:31,078
IN THE LAST FIVE TO 10 YEARS 

4773
04:02:31,078 --> 04:02:31,645
THAT'S ONGOING.

4774
04:02:31,645 --> 04:02:36,917
WE'LL PUT TOGETHER THE WORKING 

4775
04:02:36,917 --> 04:02:38,585
GROUP AND START AN NINDS WIDE 

4776
04:02:38,585 --> 04:02:40,821
AND TRANS-NIH WORKING GROUP AS 

4777
04:02:40,821 --> 04:02:43,557
WELL AND MEET WITH OTHER I.C.s 

4778
04:02:43,557 --> 04:02:46,326
SO THAT THE PROCESS THEY'RE 

4779
04:02:46,326 --> 04:02:47,661
GOING THROUGH CAN INFORM OR 

4780
04:02:47,661 --> 04:02:49,363
THEY'VE GONE THROUGH CAN INFORM 

4781
04:02:49,363 --> 04:02:51,665
WHAT WE ARE DOING.

4782
04:02:51,665 --> 04:02:53,867
WE MET WITH DR. KOROSHETZ WITH 

4783
04:02:53,867 --> 04:02:56,570
THE NEW HEAD OF THE FOGARTY 

4784
04:02:56,570 --> 04:02:58,705
INTERNATIONAL CENTER AND THEY'RE

4785
04:02:58,705 --> 04:02:59,306
GOING THROUGH THE STRATEGIC 

4786
04:02:59,306 --> 04:03:00,140
PLANNING PROCESS FOR HEALTH 

4787
04:03:00,140 --> 04:03:10,284
EQUITY.

4788
04:03:16,723 --> 04:03:18,692
WE HAVE A WEEKLY NEWSLETTER WE 

4789
04:03:18,692 --> 04:03:20,527
SEND OUT WITH INFORMATION ABOUT 

4790
04:03:20,527 --> 04:03:26,133
GLOBAL HEALTH AND HEALTH 

4791
04:03:26,133 --> 04:03:26,433
INEQUITIES.

4792
04:03:26,433 --> 04:03:28,969
WE HAVE A SOCIAL SITE SO IF YOU 

4793
04:03:28,969 --> 04:03:31,705
WANT TO FOLLOW US, PLEASE DO 

4794
04:03:31,705 --> 04:03:32,973
THAT AND LET DR. KOROSHETZ KNOW 

4795
04:03:32,973 --> 04:03:34,074
IF YOU'RE INTERESTED IN 

4796
04:03:34,074 --> 04:03:35,375
PARTICIPATING IN THE WORKING 

4797
04:03:35,375 --> 04:03:36,543
GROUP OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY 

4798
04:03:36,543 --> 04:03:37,844
COUNCIL AND IF THERE ARE ANY 

4799
04:03:37,844 --> 04:03:39,246
QUESTIONS, I'M HAPPY TO ADDRESS 

4800
04:03:39,246 --> 04:03:49,623
THOSE IF WE HAVE TIME.

4801
04:03:56,029 --> 04:03:56,563
>> THANK YOU.

4802
04:03:56,563 --> 04:03:58,699
IN THE LIST OF THE CONDITIONS 

4803
04:03:58,699 --> 04:04:02,736
YOU NOTED I WOULD ASSUME HEAD 

4804
04:04:02,736 --> 04:04:05,606
TRAUMA WOULD BE ON THIS AND 

4805
04:04:05,606 --> 04:04:11,011
SOMETHING THE W.H.O. NOTED AS 

4806
04:04:11,011 --> 04:04:12,679
UNDER ADDRESSED ISSUES OR MAYBE 

4807
04:04:12,679 --> 04:04:18,151
I'M MISSING WHERE IT'S BEING 

4808
04:04:18,151 --> 04:04:18,452
REPRESENTED.

4809
04:04:18,452 --> 04:04:28,729
>> GREAT POINT.

4810
04:04:39,740 --> 04:04:41,141
I MET WITH THE WORLD HEALTH 

4811
04:04:41,141 --> 04:04:42,643
ORGANIZATION AND MOST PEOPLE 

4812
04:04:42,643 --> 04:04:44,745
THEY ARE MET WITH WERE IN THE 

4813
04:04:44,745 --> 04:04:46,480
AREA OF BRAIN INJURY.

4814
04:04:46,480 --> 04:04:49,316
IT IS A MAJOR GLOBAL PROBLEM.

4815
04:04:49,316 --> 04:04:52,119
WE HAVE A LARGE PORTFOLIO TO 

4816
04:04:52,119 --> 04:05:00,494
FUND THE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.

4817
04:05:00,494 --> 04:05:02,696
IT'S A MAJOR PROBLEM AND ONE OR 

4818
04:05:02,696 --> 04:05:08,268
TWO DISEASES AFTER THIS.

4819
04:05:08,268 --> 04:05:11,038
>> TO CLARIFY, TO BE SURE
I JUST

4820
04:05:11,038 --> 04:05:13,840
SAW SOMETHING, IS THIS GROUP THE

4821
04:05:13,840 --> 04:05:15,776
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE GROUP 

4822
04:05:15,776 --> 04:05:21,782
THAT REPORTS ON THESE KINDS OF 

4823
04:05:21,782 --> 04:05:23,850
INCIDENT PREVALENCE AND 

4824
04:05:23,850 --> 04:05:29,089
BASICALLY THEY REPORT OUT TRAUMA

4825
04:05:29,089 --> 04:05:30,123
BUT DON'T NOTE HEAD INJURY FROM 

4826
04:05:30,123 --> 04:05:32,292
OTHER KIND OF TRAUMA.

4827
04:05:32,292 --> 04:05:38,965
IT'S REALLY BIG AND THE 

4828
04:05:38,965 --> 04:05:40,701
SUSPICION IS THERE'S NO WAY OF 

4829
04:05:40,701 --> 04:05:44,571
KNOWING FOR SURE.

4830
04:05:44,571 --> 04:05:47,874
>> THE WORKING GROUP KEPT
THE 

4831
04:05:47,874 --> 04:05:50,944
TBI COMPONENT IN MIND.

4832
04:05:50,944 --> 04:05:51,812
WE WERE DISCUSSING MAYBE IT'S 

4833
04:05:51,812 --> 04:05:52,612
THE CLASSIFICATION OF WHAT'S 

4834
04:05:52,612 --> 04:06:00,120
BEING ATTRIBUTED.

4835
04:06:00,120 --> 04:06:02,122
>> OFTEN STROKE IS
CONSIDERED A 

4836
04:06:02,122 --> 04:06:06,226
BRAIN INJURY FOR SOME PEOPLE.

4837
04:06:06,226 --> 04:06:09,196
SPECIFICALLY WITH TRAUMATIC 

4838
04:06:09,196 --> 04:06:10,897
BRAIN INJURY IT'S A VERY BIG 

4839
04:06:10,897 --> 04:06:12,199
DISEASE PROCESS WE SEE IN THE 

4840
04:06:12,199 --> 04:06:13,467
GLOBAL SPACE.

4841
04:06:13,467 --> 04:06:15,802
SO WE DO FUND SEVERAL PROJECTS 

4842
04:06:15,802 --> 04:06:20,107
IN THAT AREA.

4843
04:06:20,107 --> 04:06:23,143
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

4844
04:06:23,143 --> 04:06:24,678
>> AS WOE THINK OF THE 

4845
04:06:24,678 --> 04:06:26,513
INITIATIVES WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 

4846
04:06:26,513 --> 04:06:32,018
TODAY AROUND NEW TECHNOLOGY, 

4847
04:06:32,018 --> 04:06:35,856
GENETIC THERAPIES, I'M AFRAID 

4848
04:06:35,856 --> 04:06:38,158
WE'RE ALMOST INCREASING INEQUITY

4849
04:06:38,158 --> 04:06:40,460
ACROSS THE WORLD AS THEY'RE MORE

4850
04:06:40,460 --> 04:06:41,795
ACCESSIBLE TO FIRST-WORLD 

4851
04:06:41,795 --> 04:06:44,631
COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

4852
04:06:44,631 --> 04:06:49,236
THERE'S THE DANGER OF THE MORE 

4853
04:06:49,236 --> 04:06:52,405
BOUTIQUE MEDICINE.

4854
04:06:52,405 --> 04:06:55,575
ARE THERE WAYS TO MORE 

4855
04:06:55,575 --> 04:06:56,810
PROACTIVELY ADDRESS THESE AND 

4856
04:06:56,810 --> 04:07:00,046
THINK ABOUT WAYS OF CALLING THIS

4857
04:07:00,046 --> 04:07:01,882
OUT AND THINK OF BEST PRACTICES 

4858
04:07:01,882 --> 04:07:02,449
AS ONE TRIES TO ADDRESS 

4859
04:07:02,449 --> 04:07:11,258
DISPARITY?

4860
04:07:11,258 --> 04:07:13,160
>> WE'VE ADDRESSED
DISPARITIES 

4861
04:07:13,160 --> 04:07:14,394
CREATED WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY AND 

4862
04:07:14,394 --> 04:07:15,996
ALSO WOULD LIKE TO MAKE THE 

4863
04:07:15,996 --> 04:07:20,133
POINT THAT WE COULD ACTUALLY 

4864
04:07:20,133 --> 04:07:24,204
LEARN IN THE U.S. ABOUT 

4865
04:07:24,204 --> 04:07:27,474
PROVIDING MEDICAL CARE TO 

4866
04:07:27,474 --> 04:07:31,011
CERTAIN POPULATIONS 

4867
04:07:31,011 --> 04:07:32,112
DISADVANTAGED TO HEALTH CARE AND

4868
04:07:32,112 --> 04:07:35,182
SOME NEWER TECHNOLOGIES ARE NOT 

4869
04:07:35,182 --> 04:07:35,949
ACCESSIBLE OR AFFORDABLE TO 

4870
04:07:35,949 --> 04:07:38,618
PEOPLE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES.

4871
04:07:38,618 --> 04:07:39,953
WE ARE LOOKING INTO LOW AND 

4872
04:07:39,953 --> 04:07:41,688
MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES AND LOOK

4873
04:07:41,688 --> 04:07:44,124
BEING AT HOW MEDICINE FOR STROKE

4874
04:07:44,124 --> 04:07:46,359
AND OTHER DISEASES NEUROLOGICAL 

4875
04:07:46,359 --> 04:07:48,428
DISEASES COULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN

4876
04:07:48,428 --> 04:07:49,830
THE UNITED STATES AS WELL.

4877
04:07:49,830 --> 04:07:54,768
WE DO HAVE -- WE HAVE THIS 

4878
04:07:54,768 --> 04:07:57,971
DICHOTOMY IN THAT WE HAVE 

4879
04:07:57,971 --> 04:08:02,175
EXPENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES COMING 

4880
04:08:02,175 --> 04:08:03,643
OUT BUT HAVE PEOPLE WHO DON'T 

4881
04:08:03,643 --> 04:08:04,110
HAVE ACCESS.

4882
04:08:04,110 --> 04:08:06,980
WE'RE THINKING OF BOTH ASPECTS 

4883
04:08:06,980 --> 04:08:07,781
OF THAT POINT.

4884
04:08:07,781 --> 04:08:14,754
>> I'LL REFER BACK TO THE
PAPER 

4885
04:08:14,754 --> 04:08:23,864
FYODOR MENTION ED AND INCLUDE 

4886
04:08:23,864 --> 04:08:28,001
DEVELOPING GMP FACILITIES IN 

4887
04:08:28,001 --> 04:08:31,071
UNDER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES TO 

4888
04:08:31,071 --> 04:08:31,705
MANUFACTURE GENOMIC THERAPIES 

4889
04:08:31,705 --> 04:08:42,048
AND DELIVER AT COST.

4890
04:08:42,315 --> 04:08:45,886
THERE'S SHAREHOLDERS AND THERE'S

4891
04:08:45,886 --> 04:08:46,519
VALUE-BASED PRICING TO GET AS 

4892
04:08:46,519 --> 04:08:49,022
MUCH AS MONEY AS YOU CAN GIVEN 

4893
04:08:49,022 --> 04:08:50,023
THE SEVERITY OF DISEASE.

4894
04:08:50,023 --> 04:08:52,359
THAT'S NOT SCALABLE ACROSS THE 

4895
04:08:52,359 --> 04:08:53,260
WORLD.

4896
04:08:53,260 --> 04:08:55,228
IF THERE WAS A DIFFERENT SYSTEM 

4897
04:08:55,228 --> 04:08:57,898
WHERE THESE THERAPIES COULD BE 

4898
04:08:57,898 --> 04:09:00,700
DEVELOPED THROUGH ACADEMIC 

4899
04:09:00,700 --> 04:09:04,004
PARTNERSHIPS AND NONPROFITS THEY

4900
04:09:04,004 --> 04:09:10,977
WOULD NOT BE CLOSE TO WHAT THEY 

4901
04:09:10,977 --> 04:09:13,613
COST.

4902
04:09:13,613 --> 04:09:16,149
>> IS THERE EMPHASIS ON
THE 

4903
04:09:16,149 --> 04:09:19,452
HUMAN MIGRATION FACTOR AND 

4904
04:09:19,452 --> 04:09:21,421
REFUGEE CRISES AROUND THE WORLD 

4905
04:09:21,421 --> 04:09:23,390
THAT ARE PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE

4906
04:09:23,390 --> 04:09:23,690
POPULATIONS?

4907
04:09:23,690 --> 04:09:34,200
>> THAT'S ANOTHER GREAT
POINT.

4908
04:09:40,106 --> 04:09:41,141
AND THERE'S A SENIOR ADVISER 

4909
04:09:41,141 --> 04:09:42,742
FROM VANDERBILT AND SAID ONE 

4910
04:09:42,742 --> 04:09:43,944
REASON THE U.S. SHOULD BE 

4911
04:09:43,944 --> 04:09:45,211
INVESTMENTS IN THIS IS BECAUSE 

4912
04:09:45,211 --> 04:09:47,514
THE LARGE BURDEN OF NEUROLOGICAL

4913
04:09:47,514 --> 04:09:49,282
DISEASE IN THE LOW AND MIDDLE 

4914
04:09:49,282 --> 04:09:53,586
INCOME COUNTRIES WHERE THE 

4915
04:09:53,586 --> 04:09:56,423
AVERAGE AGE IS MILLIONS OF 

4916
04:09:56,423 --> 04:10:01,995
PEOPLE IN THEIR 20s UNLESS WE 

4917
04:10:01,995 --> 04:10:12,539
DEAL WITH THESE AND WE CAN HAVE 

4918
04:10:13,073 --> 04:10:15,041
ISSUES IN THE FUTURE WITH PEOPLE

4919
04:10:15,041 --> 04:10:16,943
WITH LARGE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

4920
04:10:16,943 --> 04:10:18,345
FOR LARGE PERIOD OF TIME 

4921
04:10:18,345 --> 04:10:19,479
MIGRATING TO THE U.S. AND OTHER 

4922
04:10:19,479 --> 04:10:22,048
PLACES AND THE IMPACT OF THAT AS

4923
04:10:22,048 --> 04:10:32,158
WELL.

4924
04:10:36,196 --> 04:10:38,798
AND THIS COULD HAVE BEEN 

4925
04:10:38,798 --> 04:10:39,099
PREVENTIBLE.

4926
04:10:39,099 --> 04:10:42,535
FOCUSSING ON WHY THIS IS SO 

4927
04:10:42,535 --> 04:10:43,703
IMPORTANT SPECIFICALLY IN TERMS 

4928
04:10:43,703 --> 04:10:45,105
OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE AND THE 

4929
04:10:45,105 --> 04:10:52,078
BURDEN THAT GOES WITH THIS.

4930
04:10:52,078 --> 04:10:57,083
>> THERE'S AN OFFICE OF
HEALTH 

4931
04:10:57,083 --> 04:10:59,252
DIPLOMACY WHICH THINK OF THESE 

4932
04:10:59,252 --> 04:11:08,395
THINGS IN THE 30,000 FOOT VIEW.

4933
04:11:08,395 --> 04:11:08,962
>> THANK YOU.

4934
04:11:08,962 --> 04:11:09,729
WE LOOK FORWARD TO VOLUNTEERS 

4935
04:11:09,729 --> 04:11:17,771
AGAIN.

4936
04:11:17,771 --> 04:11:19,973
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
UPDATE.

4937
04:11:19,973 --> 04:11:22,008
I BELIEVE WE'LL BE MOVING TO OUR

4938
04:11:22,008 --> 04:11:23,276
FINAL ITEM OF THE OPEN SESSION 

4939
04:11:23,276 --> 04:11:24,978
WHICH IS CONCEPT CLEARANCE.

4940
04:11:24,978 --> 04:11:29,115
NOW, WHAT WE DO IS WE ALWAYS 

4941
04:11:29,115 --> 04:11:31,951
CLEAR OUR CONCEPTS BOTH NEW AND 

4942
04:11:31,951 --> 04:11:34,054
RE-ISSUES TO THE COUNCIL.

4943
04:11:34,054 --> 04:11:35,588
MANY PRESENTATIONS ARE IN THE 

4944
04:11:35,588 --> 04:11:38,091
WRITTEN FORM AND IN THE COUNCIL 

4945
04:11:38,091 --> 04:11:42,095
BOOK HOWEVER, FROM TIME TO TIME 

4946
04:11:42,095 --> 04:11:43,663
WE FIND SOME WORTHY THAT WE 

4947
04:11:43,663 --> 04:11:46,566
THINK ARE A NEW PROGRAM OR 

4948
04:11:46,566 --> 04:11:48,435
PEOPLE WILL BE INTERESTED IN 

4949
04:11:48,435 --> 04:11:53,039
HEARING ABOUT AND THIS TIME WE 

4950
04:11:53,039 --> 04:11:54,107
HAVE TWO WE'LL HAVE STAFF 

4951
04:11:54,107 --> 04:11:57,710
PRESENT AND WE'LL PLAY IT BY EAR

4952
04:11:57,710 --> 04:11:59,579
WE CAN DO A SINGLE VOTE AT THE 

4953
04:11:59,579 --> 04:12:02,949
END BUT THE FIRST PROGRAM WE'LL 

4954
04:12:02,949 --> 04:12:07,020
HEAR ABOUT IS FROM FROM THE 

4955
04:12:07,020 --> 04:12:08,121
DIVISION OF NEUROSCIENCE.

4956
04:12:08,121 --> 04:12:10,723
GLEN.

4957
04:12:10,723 --> 04:12:13,259
>> GOOD AFTERNOON.

4958
04:12:13,259 --> 04:12:18,865
I'M THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR AT THE 

4959
04:12:18,865 --> 04:12:24,104
GENETICS CLUSTER AND COVER 

4960
04:12:24,104 --> 04:12:29,742
INHERITED AND NEUOPATHIES AND 

4961
04:12:29,742 --> 04:12:40,186
HAVE A NEW INITIATIVE ON 

4962
04:12:46,993 --> 04:12:49,262
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME AND 

4963
04:12:49,262 --> 04:12:51,197
PARALYSIS AND OTHER SYMPTOMS.

4964
04:12:51,197 --> 04:12:55,969
GBS IS THE ACUTE ONSET, RAPIDLY 

4965
04:12:55,969 --> 04:13:01,841
PROGRESSING FORM IN SOME CASES 

4966
04:13:01,841 --> 04:13:05,945
TRIGGERED BY GASTROENTERITIS OR 

4967
04:13:05,945 --> 04:13:07,914
RESPIRATORY INFECTION AND LEAD 

4968
04:13:07,914 --> 04:13:13,920
TO ANTIBODIES THAT CROSS REACT 

4969
04:13:13,920 --> 04:13:15,488
WITH INFLAMMATION.

4970
04:13:15,488 --> 04:13:19,759
A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF DBS 

4971
04:13:19,759 --> 04:13:21,094
CASES MAY EXPERIENCE FULL 

4972
04:13:21,094 --> 04:13:24,564
RECOVERY WITHIN A YEAR OR SO BUT

4973
04:13:24,564 --> 04:13:26,566
THERE'S ALSO A SMALLER PORTION 

4974
04:13:26,566 --> 04:13:31,938
THAT COULD LEAD TO RESPIRATORY 

4975
04:13:31,938 --> 04:13:34,340
FAILURE OR HAVE LIFE LONG 

4976
04:13:34,340 --> 04:13:36,109
DISABILITY.

4977
04:13:36,109 --> 04:13:39,779
SO CIPD IS A MORE CHRONIC 

4978
04:13:39,779 --> 04:13:42,382
CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL NERVE 

4979
04:13:42,382 --> 04:13:47,220
INFLAMMATION AND TRIGGERS 

4980
04:13:47,220 --> 04:13:48,688
ASSOCIATED AND THE TREATMENTS 

4981
04:13:48,688 --> 04:13:50,423
FOR THE CONDITIONS ARE 

4982
04:13:50,423 --> 04:13:51,925
RELATIVELY NON-SPECIFIC.

4983
04:13:51,925 --> 04:14:00,099
THINGS LIKE IBIG, PLASMA PARESIS

4984
04:14:00,099 --> 04:14:04,337
AND INEFFECTIVE FOR A NUMBER OF 

4985
04:14:04,337 --> 04:14:05,238
INDIVIDUALS AFFECTED.

4986
04:14:05,238 --> 04:14:08,141
WE LOOKED BACK AT APPLICATIONS 

4987
04:14:08,141 --> 04:14:10,510
RECEIVED OVER THE PAST FOUR 

4988
04:14:10,510 --> 04:14:20,119
YEARS THAT MENTIONED GBS AND 

4989
04:14:20,119 --> 04:14:24,924
CIDP.

4990
04:14:24,924 --> 04:14:26,593
THERE'S FEW APPLICATIONS WE'RE 

4991
04:14:26,593 --> 04:14:27,727
RECEIVING ON THESE CONDITIONS 

4992
04:14:27,727 --> 04:14:30,797
PART MAY BE IT'S A SMALL COHORT 

4993
04:14:30,797 --> 04:14:32,332
OF INVESTIGATORS THAT SEND 

4994
04:14:32,332 --> 04:14:42,809
APPLICATIONS ON THE TOPICS.

4995
04:14:44,644 --> 04:14:55,321
WE'RE ENVISION IING AN INITIATI 

4996
04:14:59,259 --> 04:15:01,995
THAT FIRST FOCUSES ON ACCELERATE

4997
04:15:01,995 --> 04:15:02,829
BEING PROGRESS TOWARDS 

4998
04:15:02,829 --> 04:15:05,131
UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING THESE

4999
04:15:05,131 --> 04:15:05,632
CONDITIONS.

5000
04:15:05,632 --> 04:15:08,901
AND WE'D ALSO LIKE TO FIND WAYS 

5001
04:15:08,901 --> 04:15:12,038
TO ATTRACT INVESTIGATORS WITH 

5002
04:15:12,038 --> 04:15:13,840
APPROPRIATE EXPERTISE FROM 

5003
04:15:13,840 --> 04:15:16,843
NEIGHBORING FIELDS TO ENCOURAGE 

5004
04:15:16,843 --> 04:15:20,847
THEM TO FOCUS ON THESE AND 

5005
04:15:20,847 --> 04:15:23,483
FOCUSSING ON EXPLORATORY AND 

5006
04:15:23,483 --> 04:15:26,519
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, ANIMAL 

5007
04:15:26,519 --> 04:15:28,388
MODELS, SPECIMENS OR DATA FROM 

5008
04:15:28,388 --> 04:15:33,092
PATIENTS BUT WE'RE NOT PLANNING 

5009
04:15:33,092 --> 04:15:35,395
ON SUPPORTING ANY LARGE COHORT 

5010
04:15:35,395 --> 04:15:37,297
STUDIES OR CLINICAL TRIALS.

5011
04:15:37,297 --> 04:15:40,033
HERE'S EXAMPLES OF TOPICS THAT 

5012
04:15:40,033 --> 04:15:42,568
MIGHT FIT IN THE INITIATIVE.

5013
04:15:42,568 --> 04:15:44,370
BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE 

5014
04:15:44,370 --> 04:15:51,277
CELLULAR AND HUMORAL MECHANISMS 

5015
04:15:51,277 --> 04:16:01,654
LEADING TO DEMILE  -- 

5016
04:16:04,190 --> 04:16:05,725
DEMYELINATION OR EVALUATE THE 

5017
04:16:05,725 --> 04:16:06,826
EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW TREATMENTS 

5018
04:16:06,826 --> 04:16:08,895
AND THERE'S A NEED FOR 

5019
04:16:08,895 --> 04:16:16,602
BIOMARKERS SUCH AS PROGNOSTIC 

5020
04:16:16,602 --> 04:16:27,146
BIOMARKERS THAT CAN BE USED RAND

5021
04:16:30,183 --> 04:16:33,086
AND THIS IS A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF 

5022
04:16:33,086 --> 04:16:34,887
WHAT WE'RE ENVISIONING.

5023
04:16:34,887 --> 04:16:36,122
>> COULD THERE BE A
CLINICAL 

5024
04:16:36,122 --> 04:16:42,829
TRIAL THAT IS BASED ON RATIONALE

5025
04:16:42,829 --> 04:16:44,697
OF SMALL SCALE?

5026
04:16:44,697 --> 04:16:48,534
>> NINDS HAS FUNDING 

5027
04:16:48,534 --> 04:16:50,303
OPPORTUNITIES THAT WOULD INVITE 

5028
04:16:50,303 --> 04:16:55,341
SMALL SCALE CLINICAL TRIALS.

5029
04:16:55,341 --> 04:16:56,676
WE HAVE EXPLORATORY CLINICAL 

5030
04:16:56,676 --> 04:16:58,578
TRIALS AND OTHER FUNDING 

5031
04:16:58,578 --> 04:17:01,948
MECHANISMS FOR LARGER CLINICAL 

5032
04:17:01,948 --> 04:17:02,315
TRIALS.

5033
04:17:02,315 --> 04:17:03,449
WE ALSO HAVE AN INITIATIVE THAT 

5034
04:17:03,449 --> 04:17:06,986
WILL COME UP IN THE RENEWAL 

5035
04:17:06,986 --> 04:17:10,490
CLINICAL TRIAL READINESS PROGRAM

5036
04:17:10,490 --> 04:17:11,924
FOR RARE DISEASES THAT SUPPORT 

5037
04:17:11,924 --> 04:17:13,559
COHORT STUDIES AIMED AT 

5038
04:17:13,559 --> 04:17:15,628
BIOMARKER AND OUTCOME MEASURE IN

5039
04:17:15,628 --> 04:17:16,262
CLINICAL VALIDATION.

5040
04:17:16,262 --> 04:17:24,103
WHAT WE'RE THINKING HERE IS MORE

5041
04:17:24,103 --> 04:17:32,345
EXPLORATORY STUDIES AND LOOK AT 

5042
04:17:32,345 --> 04:17:34,514
OTHER RESEARCH.

5043
04:17:34,514 --> 04:17:39,986
>> AND TO ADD WE HAD A
UNIQUE 

5044
04:17:39,986 --> 04:17:45,525
OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS WORK SO A

5045
04:17:45,525 --> 04:17:51,097
FEW WORDS.

5046
04:17:51,097 --> 04:17:57,970
>> SO NIH SURPRISINGLY AND
NINDS

5047
04:17:57,970 --> 04:17:59,572
SPECIFIC

5048
04:17:59,572 --> 04:18:03,209
SPECIFICALLY WITHOUT ADVERTISING

5049
04:18:03,209 --> 04:18:05,211
GETS DONATIONS FROM GRATEFUL 

5050
04:18:05,211 --> 04:18:06,712
PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AND THIS 

5051
04:18:06,712 --> 04:18:10,550
INITIATIVE IS FUNDED BY A 

5052
04:18:10,550 --> 04:18:12,518
DONATION TO THE FUND THAT'S 

5053
04:18:12,518 --> 04:18:16,122
CONDITIONAL IT BE USED FOR GAMMA

5054
04:18:16,122 --> 04:18:25,898
RAY.

5055
04:18:25,898 --> 04:18:27,300
-- GUILLAIN-BARRE.

5056
04:18:27,300 --> 04:18:28,067
WE DON'T GET A LOT OF 

5057
04:18:28,067 --> 04:18:29,936
INFORMATION ABOUT THE DONOR BUT 

5058
04:18:29,936 --> 04:18:30,770
IT'S APPRECIATED AND EVERY DAY 

5059
04:18:30,770 --> 04:18:34,574
OR TWO WE GET A CHECK IN THE 

5060
04:18:34,574 --> 04:18:38,044
MAIL IN SOMEBODY.

5061
04:18:38,044 --> 04:18:39,979
USUALLY FROM THE DEATH OF 

5062
04:18:39,979 --> 04:18:41,013
SOMEONE WITH A NEUROLOGICAL 

5063
04:18:41,013 --> 04:18:41,481
DISEASE.

5064
04:18:41,481 --> 04:18:44,050
WE TRY TO USE THAT MONEY REALLY 

5065
04:18:44,050 --> 04:18:44,250
WELL.

5066
04:18:44,250 --> 04:18:51,123
THANKS, GLEN.

5067
04:18:51,123 --> 04:18:54,360
>> SO, NEXT WE'LL HEAR
FROM OUR 

5068
04:18:54,360 --> 04:18:57,163
OFFICE OF PROGRAM TO ENHANCE HE 

5069
04:18:57,163 --> 04:18:57,663
NEUROSCIENCE WORKFORCE.

5070
04:18:57,663 --> 04:19:07,807
NICE IT SEE YOU.

5071
04:19:07,807 --> 04:19:09,242
>> IT'S NICE TO BE SEEN.

5072
04:19:09,242 --> 04:19:19,886
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

5073
04:19:19,886 --> 04:19:24,123
I'M MARGUERITE MATHEWS AND I'M 

5074
04:19:24,123 --> 04:19:25,491
HERE TO TALK ABOUT A RE-ISSUE 

5075
04:19:25,491 --> 04:19:31,130
FOR A LIMITED COMPETITION 

5076
04:19:31,130 --> 04:19:34,033
PROGRAM TO PROVIDE 

5077
04:19:34,033 --> 04:19:35,635
POSTBACCALAUREATE EXPERIENCES.

5078
04:19:35,635 --> 04:19:38,237
AND THREE YEARS AGO I WAS BEFORE

5079
04:19:38,237 --> 04:19:48,714
YOU SO TIME PASSES QUICKLY.

5080
04:19:50,149 --> 04:19:52,919
THE PROGRAM WAS FIRST CONCEIVED 

5081
04:19:52,919 --> 04:19:54,453
BY OUR OFFICE AND TRAINING 

5082
04:19:54,453 --> 04:19:57,290
WORKFORCE AT THE TIME LED BY 

5083
04:19:57,290 --> 04:19:59,559
DR. STEVE CORN TO THINK ABOUT 

5084
04:19:59,559 --> 04:20:02,094
HOW TO FILL A GAP THAT WAS 

5085
04:20:02,094 --> 04:20:03,996
MISSING IN THE NEUROSCIENCE 

5086
04:20:03,996 --> 04:20:04,263
WORKFORCE.

5087
04:20:04,263 --> 04:20:05,398
WE WERE SEEING OR HEARING A LOT 

5088
04:20:05,398 --> 04:20:07,466
OF FEEDBACK THROUGH OUR 

5089
04:20:07,466 --> 04:20:10,736
STRATEGIC PLANNING THROUGH SOME 

5090
04:20:10,736 --> 04:20:14,206
OF OUR OTHER PROGRAMS ABOUT NOT 

5091
04:20:14,206 --> 04:20:19,679
BEING ENOUGH OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

5092
04:20:19,679 --> 04:20:20,313
POSTBACCALAUREATE EXPERIENCES 

5093
04:20:20,313 --> 04:20:22,682
AND MANY WERE NOT ABLE TO GET 

5094
04:20:22,682 --> 04:20:24,116
INTO GRADUATE SCHOOL BECAUSE WE 

5095
04:20:24,116 --> 04:20:32,124
DIDN'T HAVE THE OPPORTUNITIES 

5096
04:20:32,124 --> 04:20:35,027
AND WANTED A PROGRAM THAT 

5097
04:20:35,027 --> 04:20:36,596
DOESN'T FURTHER DELAY THE 

5098
04:20:36,596 --> 04:20:39,398
OPPORTUNITY FOR FOLKS TO GO IN 

5099
04:20:39,398 --> 04:20:40,600
THE Ph.D. PROGRAMS.

5100
04:20:40,600 --> 04:20:43,936
WE DECIDED TO ISSUE A LIMITED 

5101
04:20:43,936 --> 04:20:48,140
COMPETITION, R25 WITH ACTIVE T32

5102
04:20:48,140 --> 04:20:50,242
PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE NEUROSCIENCE

5103
04:20:50,242 --> 04:20:51,377
TRAINING EXPERIENCES BECAUSE 

5104
04:20:51,377 --> 04:20:53,245
THESE T32 PROGRAMS ARE ALREADY 

5105
04:20:53,245 --> 04:20:55,615
VETTED AND HAVE BEEN PEER 

5106
04:20:55,615 --> 04:20:56,315
REVIEWED AND DOING EXCELLENT 

5107
04:20:56,315 --> 04:21:01,754
WORK IN THE TRAINING SPACE.

5108
04:21:01,754 --> 04:21:04,023
WITH THE T32 PROGRAMS HAVE THE 

5109
04:21:04,023 --> 04:21:06,092
INFRASTRUCTURE AND HAVE THE 

5110
04:21:06,092 --> 04:21:07,426
PLANNING TO BE ABLE TO PROVIDE A

5111
04:21:07,426 --> 04:21:11,430
MEANINGFUL TWO-YEAR RESEARCH 

5112
04:21:11,430 --> 04:21:12,331
EXPERIENCE FOR THE 

5113
04:21:12,331 --> 04:21:13,265
POSTBACCALAUREATE TRAINEES AND 

5114
04:21:13,265 --> 04:21:15,868
WANTING TO MAKE SURE WE'RE 

5115
04:21:15,868 --> 04:21:18,337
TARGETING TRAINEES FROM 

5116
04:21:18,337 --> 04:21:20,973
INSTITUTIONS WHERE THEY'RE NOT 

5117
04:21:20,973 --> 04:21:22,241
ALREADY GETTING SUBSTANTIAL 

5118
04:21:22,241 --> 04:21:24,110
RESEARCH EXPERIENCES.

5119
04:21:24,110 --> 04:21:34,654
THINK LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES, AND

5120
04:21:35,521 --> 04:21:38,024
THIS IS INTENDED TO HAVE A 

5121
04:21:38,024 --> 04:21:40,126
TWO-YEAR EXPERIENCE AND THEN 

5122
04:21:40,126 --> 04:21:44,130
BECOME COMPETITIVE TO ENTER INTO

5123
04:21:44,130 --> 04:21:50,503
Ph.D. PROGRAMS.

5124
04:21:50,503 --> 04:21:51,937
THE PROGRAM COSTS RELATIVELY THE

5125
04:21:51,937 --> 04:21:52,204
SAME.

5126
04:21:52,204 --> 04:21:56,509
THE IDEA IS TO PROVIDE MOST OF 

5127
04:21:56,509 --> 04:21:58,711
THIS GOING TOWARDS THE SALARY 

5128
04:21:58,711 --> 04:22:01,614
FOR TRAINEES COVERING THEM FOR 

5129
04:22:01,614 --> 04:22:02,715
TWO TOTAL YEARS.

5130
04:22:02,715 --> 04:22:06,886
SO YEARS 1 AND 2 WOULD BE AROUND

5131
04:22:06,886 --> 04:22:08,120
$225,000 IN DIRECT COSTS AND 

5132
04:22:08,120 --> 04:22:10,656
THEN IN THE MIDDLE YEARS, TWO 

5133
04:22:10,656 --> 04:22:13,626
AND THREE THERE WOULD BE ALMOST 

5134
04:22:13,626 --> 04:22:16,095
A DOUBLED COST BECAUSE IT'S A 

5135
04:22:16,095 --> 04:22:17,063
TWO-YEAR PROGRAM YOU'RE ALSO 

5136
04:22:17,063 --> 04:22:19,598
HAVING OTHER COHORTS COMING IN.

5137
04:22:19,598 --> 04:22:21,133
SO THERE WOULD BE IN THOSE 

5138
04:22:21,133 --> 04:22:22,601
MIDDLE YEARS TWO COHORTS AT TO 

5139
04:22:22,601 --> 04:22:27,006
THE SAME TIME BEING FUNDED.

5140
04:22:27,006 --> 04:22:29,108
CURRENTLY SINCE THE FIRST ROUND 

5141
04:22:29,108 --> 04:22:34,280
CAME IN FY2022, THE YEAR ROUND 

5142
04:22:34,280 --> 04:22:37,516
ACTIVE PROGRAMS STARTED DECEMBER

5143
04:22:37,516 --> 04:22:37,717
2022.

5144
04:22:37,717 --> 04:22:39,318
AND THEY'RE ALL CURRENTLY NOW IN

5145
04:22:39,318 --> 04:22:40,820
YEAR TWO OF FUNDING.

5146
04:22:40,820 --> 04:22:42,822
THEY'VE HAD ONE COHORT 

5147
04:22:42,822 --> 04:22:44,023
SUCCESSFULLY FINISH ONE YEAR AND

5148
04:22:44,023 --> 04:22:45,091
JUST BROUGHT ON THE SECOND 

5149
04:22:45,091 --> 04:22:46,358
COHORT THIS SUMMER AND THEY'LL 

5150
04:22:46,358 --> 04:22:53,766
BE FINISHISHING -- FINISHING UP 

5151
04:22:53,766 --> 04:22:56,102
OF THE AWARD IN THE FALL/WINTER 

5152
04:22:56,102 --> 04:23:06,245
OF 2026.

5153
04:23:18,958 --> 04:23:21,193
WE'RE DOING A GREAT JOB OF 

5154
04:23:21,193 --> 04:23:22,294
FUNNELING FOLKS IN THE 

5155
04:23:22,294 --> 04:23:23,195
NEUROSCIENCE PATHWAY AT HIGH 

5156
04:23:23,195 --> 04:23:25,264
SCHOOL AGE, UNDERGRADUATE.

5157
04:23:25,264 --> 04:23:28,801
WE HAVE A LOT OF OPPORTUNITIES 

5158
04:23:28,801 --> 04:23:31,871
AT THE DOCTORAL, NEW FACULTY 

5159
04:23:31,871 --> 04:23:32,104
LEVEL.

5160
04:23:32,104 --> 04:23:36,108
THERE'S SOMETHING LACKING IN THE

5161
04:23:36,108 --> 04:23:40,112
POSTL

5162
04:23:40,112 --> 04:23:43,382
POSTLACK -- POSTBACCALAUREATE 

5163
04:23:43,382 --> 04:23:43,949
SPACE AND THERE'S THE PREP 

5164
04:23:43,949 --> 04:23:48,454
PROGRAM.

5165
04:23:48,454 --> 04:23:49,855
 ONE HAS.

5166
04:23:49,855 --> 04:23:51,757
THE ONLY OTHER EXISTING PROGRAM 

5167
04:23:51,757 --> 04:23:52,892
FOR THE NEUROSCIENCES.

5168
04:23:52,892 --> 04:23:53,826
I WOULD LIKE TO TELL YOU IT'S 

5169
04:23:53,826 --> 04:23:58,898
GOING PRETTY WELL.

5170
04:23:58,898 --> 04:24:01,567
 WE HAVE SIX FUNDED PROGRAMS AT 

5171
04:24:01,567 --> 04:24:04,103
HARVARD, UNIVERSITY OF IOWA AND 

5172
04:24:04,103 --> 04:24:06,505
KENTUCKY AND WASHINGTON 

5173
04:24:06,505 --> 04:24:07,773
UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS.

5174
04:24:07,773 --> 04:24:12,912
EACH SITE WILL BE EXPECTED TO 

5175
04:24:12,912 --> 04:24:19,485
RECRUIT SCHOLARS FOR COHORT.

5176
04:24:19,485 --> 04:24:22,054
THEY HAVE FUNDING FOR THREE 

5177
04:24:22,054 --> 04:24:23,355
COHORTS TOTAL.

5178
04:24:23,355 --> 04:24:28,227
FOUR OF THE SIX PROGRAMS MET THE

5179
04:24:28,227 --> 04:24:33,032
GOAL FOR COHORT 1 AND MET THE 

5180
04:24:33,032 --> 04:24:36,802
GOAL FOR COHORT 2.

5181
04:24:36,802 --> 04:24:39,471
I HAVEN'T HEARD FROM THE OTHER 

5182
04:24:39,471 --> 04:24:41,740
TWO PROGRAMS JUST YET SINCE THEY

5183
04:24:41,740 --> 04:24:49,915
HAVEN'T PUT IN THEIR RP PRs.

5184
04:24:49,915 --> 04:24:52,818
IN GENERAL THEY ARE DOING THEIR 

5185
04:24:52,818 --> 04:24:55,087
BEST TO MAKE SURE HAVE FOLKS 

5186
04:24:55,087 --> 04:24:57,556
THAT MEET THE CRITERIA WE'RE 

5187
04:24:57,556 --> 04:24:58,924
ASKING FOR AND THEY'RE ALSO 

5188
04:24:58,924 --> 04:25:02,795
AFTER THE FIRST COHORT ALL THE 

5189
04:25:02,795 --> 04:25:04,930
PROGRAMS STARTED TALKING TO EACH

5190
04:25:04,930 --> 04:25:05,764
OTHER AND SHARE INFORMATION 

5191
04:25:05,764 --> 04:25:06,599
ABOUT STUDENTS APPLYING SAYING 

5192
04:25:06,599 --> 04:25:09,935
WE DON'T HAVE THE SPACE FOR THIS

5193
04:25:09,935 --> 04:25:12,004
TRAINEE BUT THERE'S STILL 

5194
04:25:12,004 --> 04:25:13,072
INTERESTED IN THE PROGRAM, WOULD

5195
04:25:13,072 --> 04:25:14,707
YOU BE ABLE TO ACCEPT THEM AND 

5196
04:25:14,707 --> 04:25:16,442
IT SEEMS TO BE WORKING WELL.

5197
04:25:16,442 --> 04:25:18,611
I APOLOGIZE THESE ARE ESTIMATES.

5198
04:25:18,611 --> 04:25:19,411
IT'S JUST THE NATURE OF THE 

5199
04:25:19,411 --> 04:25:25,217
FUNDING CYCLE.

5200
04:25:25,217 --> 04:25:28,120
SO THIS SLIDE IS JUST TO SHOW 

5201
04:25:28,120 --> 04:25:32,391
YOU THESE PROGRAMS ARE 

5202
04:25:32,391 --> 04:25:35,027
RECRUITING FROM INSTITUTIONS 

5203
04:25:35,027 --> 04:25:39,932
THAT DO NOT HAVE THIS RESEARCH 

5204
04:25:39,932 --> 04:25:40,199
CAPACITY.

5205
04:25:40,199 --> 04:25:42,601
SO LARGELY INSTITUTIONS THAT 

5206
04:25:42,601 --> 04:25:50,342
DON'T HAVE ANY SORT OF GRADUATE 

5207
04:25:50,342 --> 04:25:53,045
LEVEL HAPPENING AND MANY ARE 

5208
04:25:53,045 --> 04:25:53,779
LIBERAL ARTS AND SOME ARE IN 

5209
04:25:53,779 --> 04:26:02,521
RURAL AREAS.

5210
04:26:02,521 --> 04:26:04,556
AND NOT A LOT OF DATA JUST YET 

5211
04:26:04,556 --> 04:26:06,392
BUT HAPPY TO SEE THEY'RE GOING 

5212
04:26:06,392 --> 04:26:09,695
FAR AND WIDE TO MAKE SURE THE 

5213
04:26:09,695 --> 04:26:10,262
OPPORTUNITY IS AVAILABLE TO 

5214
04:26:10,262 --> 04:26:18,771
THOSE WHO NEED IT.

5215
04:26:18,771 --> 04:26:19,638
THERE ARE THREE SLIDES WORTH OF 

5216
04:26:19,638 --> 04:26:21,373
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY OUR 

5217
04:26:21,373 --> 04:26:22,808
PROGRAM DIRECTORS TO SHOW YOU 

5218
04:26:22,808 --> 04:26:25,444
HOW WELL THINGS SEEM TO BE 

5219
04:26:25,444 --> 04:26:25,844
WORKING.

5220
04:26:25,844 --> 04:26:27,546
UNFORTUNATELY BECAUSE OF THE 

5221
04:26:27,546 --> 04:26:29,682
TIMING, THE FIRST ISSUE WAS ONLY

5222
04:26:29,682 --> 04:26:31,784
FOUR YEARS AND SO THERE'S NOT 

5223
04:26:31,784 --> 04:26:34,320
ENOUGH TIME TO DECIDE HOW WAS IT

5224
04:26:34,320 --> 04:26:36,055
WORKING, THE FIRST COHORT HASN'T

5225
04:26:36,055 --> 04:26:37,623
FINISHED THEIR SECOND YEAR YET.

5226
04:26:37,623 --> 04:26:39,358
THEY'LL ONLY START APPLYING TO 

5227
04:26:39,358 --> 04:26:41,060
GRADUATE SCHOOL THIS FALL.

5228
04:26:41,060 --> 04:26:42,895
SO WE WON'T KNOW HOW MANY WILL 

5229
04:26:42,895 --> 04:26:44,997
HAVE GONE TO THE PROGRAM BUT 

5230
04:26:44,997 --> 04:26:46,899
IT'S WORTH INVESTING IN.

5231
04:26:46,899 --> 04:26:48,100
THEY'RE WORKING WELL TOGETHER 

5232
04:26:48,100 --> 04:26:51,103
WITH THEIR T32 PROGRAMS.

5233
04:26:51,103 --> 04:27:00,312
OTHER R25 AND SIMILAR  PROGRAMS 

5234
04:27:00,312 --> 04:27:03,515
AID AT THE DOCTORAL LEVEL AND 

5235
04:27:03,515 --> 04:27:04,650
MANY INSTITUTIONS ARE STARTING 

5236
04:27:04,650 --> 04:27:06,719
TO PROVIDE IN-KIND 

5237
04:27:06,719 --> 04:27:07,519
ADMINISTRATIVE TO SUPPORT TO 

5238
04:27:07,519 --> 04:27:14,727
MAKE SURE THEY'RE SUCCESSFUL AND

5239
04:27:14,727 --> 04:27:17,096
P.I.s ARE IN TOUCH MAKING SURE 

5240
04:27:17,096 --> 04:27:20,466
THEY'RE GOOD STEWARTS OF THE 

5241
04:27:20,466 --> 04:27:21,467
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES AND BEING 

5242
04:27:21,467 --> 04:27:24,103
RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF 

5243
04:27:24,103 --> 04:27:28,374
TRAINING  -- TRAINEES WHO DON'T 

5244
04:27:28,374 --> 04:27:30,509
HAVE EXPERIENCE AND MANY HAVE A 

5245
04:27:30,509 --> 04:27:33,445
CULTURE SHOCK GOING IN THESE 

5246
04:27:33,445 --> 04:27:33,779
ENVIRONMENTS.

5247
04:27:33,779 --> 04:27:39,151
I'M PLEASED TO SEE HOW IT'S 

5248
04:27:39,151 --> 04:27:40,753
WORKING OUT.

5249
04:27:40,753 --> 04:27:42,421
AND WE CAN IMPROVE HOW WE'RE 

5250
04:27:42,421 --> 04:27:44,089
APPROACHING THIS AND THE GENERAL

5251
04:27:44,089 --> 04:27:46,058
IDEA IS TO REQUEST FUNDING AT 

5252
04:27:46,058 --> 04:27:50,329
THE SAME LEVEL WE'VE HAD IN THE 

5253
04:27:50,329 --> 04:27:52,231
PAST TO GIVE PROGRAMS ANOTHER 

5254
04:27:52,231 --> 04:27:53,766
OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW HOW WELL 

5255
04:27:53,766 --> 04:27:58,437
THEY'RE DOING AND HOW THEY'LL 

5256
04:27:58,437 --> 04:28:06,612
CONTINUE TO MOVE THESE SCHOLARS 

5257
04:28:06,612 --> 04:28:09,081
TO THE NEXT PHASE OF THE 

5258
04:28:09,081 --> 04:28:09,515
PATHWAY.

5259
04:28:09,515 --> 04:28:11,150
I ENCOURAGE YOU TO READ SOME 

5260
04:28:11,150 --> 04:28:20,092
HIGHLIGHTS.

5261
04:28:20,092 --> 04:28:21,794
>> QUICK QUESTION.

5262
04:28:21,794 --> 04:28:25,330
WAS IT THE SAME SITE THAT HAD 

5263
04:28:25,330 --> 04:28:25,764
TROUBLE RECRUITING?

5264
04:28:25,764 --> 04:28:29,134
THE SAME TWO?

5265
04:28:29,134 --> 04:28:34,606
>> NO, I KNOW THEY'RE NOT
THE 

5266
04:28:34,606 --> 04:28:40,112
SA

5267
04:28:40,112 --> 04:28:40,312
SAME.

5268
04:28:40,312 --> 04:28:42,514
ONE HAD TO TAKE A LEAVE OF 

5269
04:28:42,514 --> 04:28:44,616
ABSENCE AND WEREN'T ABLE TO 

5270
04:28:44,616 --> 04:28:47,152
INTERN THOUGH THEY HAD BEEN 

5271
04:28:47,152 --> 04:28:47,419
ACCEPTED.

5272
04:28:47,419 --> 04:28:48,353
ANOTHER PROGRAM WE WERE ONLY 

5273
04:28:48,353 --> 04:28:51,490
ABLE TO GET THREE TO COMMIT.

5274
04:28:51,490 --> 04:28:54,993
BOTH OF THOSE PROGRAMS APPROVED 

5275
04:28:54,993 --> 04:28:56,628
FIVE STUDENTS IN THE SECOND 

5276
04:28:56,628 --> 04:28:56,829
YEAR.

5277
04:28:56,829 --> 04:28:58,130
I'M ASKING THEM ON A SHORT TIME 

5278
04:28:58,130 --> 04:29:03,535
LINE CAN YOU GIVE ME YOUR 

5279
04:29:03,535 --> 04:29:03,802
INFORMING?

5280
04:29:03,802 --> 04:29:04,136
>> THANKS FOR -- 

5281
04:29:07,806 --> 04:29:10,642
GIVE ME YOUR INFORMATION?

5282
04:29:10,642 --> 04:29:12,578
>> ARE THE T32s SOMETHING
YOU'LL

5283
04:29:12,578 --> 04:29:13,078
WANT TO CONTINUE?

5284
04:29:13,078 --> 04:29:15,814
>> THE REASON IT'S A
LIMITED 

5285
04:29:15,814 --> 04:29:18,417
COMPETITION IS BECAUSE IT'S A 

5286
04:29:18,417 --> 04:29:19,551
PILOT PROGRAM.

5287
04:29:19,551 --> 04:29:23,255
IN SOME WAYS IT'S RISKY.

5288
04:29:23,255 --> 04:29:25,591
BECAUSE THESE TRAINEES HAVE NOT 

5289
04:29:25,591 --> 04:29:27,392
HAD PREVIOUS RESEARCH 

5290
04:29:27,392 --> 04:29:28,060
EXPERIENCE, WE'RE INVESTING 

5291
04:29:28,060 --> 04:29:30,796
HOPING THEY'RE GOING TO MAKE THE

5292
04:29:30,796 --> 04:29:33,866
TRANSITION TO GRADUATE SCHOOL 

5293
04:29:33,866 --> 04:29:35,868
BUT WHAT IF THEY FIND IT'S NOT 

5294
04:29:35,868 --> 04:29:39,338
THE RIGHT OPPORTUNITY FOR THEM?

5295
04:29:39,338 --> 04:29:45,511
IS THERE A WAY TO CREATE A 

5296
04:29:45,511 --> 04:29:46,545
PROGRAM WHAT IS GOING TO 

5297
04:29:46,545 --> 04:29:48,947
INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE 

5298
04:29:48,947 --> 04:29:49,781
TRAINEES GETTING THE EXPERIENCE 

5299
04:29:49,781 --> 04:29:52,117
THEY NEED TO CONVERT TO GRADUATE

5300
04:29:52,117 --> 04:29:52,417
SCHOOLS?

5301
04:29:52,417 --> 04:29:57,890
WE LIMITED IT AND TO MAKE SURE 

5302
04:29:57,890 --> 04:30:00,125
THESE ARE REALLY WELL RECOGNIZED

5303
04:30:00,125 --> 04:30:02,561
T32 TRAINING PROGRAMS THAT HAVE 

5304
04:30:02,561 --> 04:30:03,829
EVERYTHING NEEDED TO MAKE SURE 

5305
04:30:03,829 --> 04:30:06,665
THESE TRAINEES HAVE NOT JUST 

5306
04:30:06,665 --> 04:30:07,833
RESEARCH EXPERIENCE BUT 

5307
04:30:07,833 --> 04:30:10,435
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, CAREER

5308
04:30:10,435 --> 04:30:12,538
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES WHERE 

5309
04:30:12,538 --> 04:30:13,639
THEY'RE GOING TO PARTICIPATE IN 

5310
04:30:13,639 --> 04:30:16,108
POSTER SESSIONS AND ABLE TO 

5311
04:30:16,108 --> 04:30:17,743
INTERACT WITH OTHER FACULTY, 

5312
04:30:17,743 --> 04:30:19,945
KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE IN 

5313
04:30:19,945 --> 04:30:22,347
THAT ENVIRONMENT TO MAKE GOOD 

5314
04:30:22,347 --> 04:30:23,182
DECISIONS WHETHER OR NOT THEY 

5315
04:30:23,182 --> 04:30:28,120
WANT TO ENTER INTO THAT NEXT 

5316
04:30:28,120 --> 04:30:38,063
PART OF THAT PATHWAY.

5317
04:30:38,063 --> 04:30:40,832
>> DO YOU CONSIDER IT A
SUCCESS 

5318
04:30:40,832 --> 04:30:42,167
OR FAILURE IF THE STUDENTS WIPED

5319
04:30:42,167 --> 04:30:44,102
UP GOING TO MEDICAL SCHOOL?

5320
04:30:44,102 --> 04:30:45,971
>> WE HAD THE CONVERSATION
WITH 

5321
04:30:45,971 --> 04:30:50,876
PROGRAM DIRECTORS AND THEY'RE 

5322
04:30:50,876 --> 04:30:53,478
REALLY KEEN ON SCREENING FOR 

5323
04:30:53,478 --> 04:30:55,047
WHAT THEIR TRUE INTERESTS ARE.

5324
04:30:55,047 --> 04:30:57,015
WE CAN'T HELP IF A STUDENT 

5325
04:30:57,015 --> 04:30:58,217
DECIDES LATER ON IF THAT'S WHAT 

5326
04:30:58,217 --> 04:31:00,919
THEY ARE WANT TO DO.

5327
04:31:00,919 --> 04:31:01,587
THEY'RE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE 

5328
04:31:01,587 --> 04:31:04,790
INCLUDING TRAINEES WHO HAVE AN 

5329
04:31:04,790 --> 04:31:08,126
INTEREST IN MEDICAL SCHOOL LIKE 

5330
04:31:08,126 --> 04:31:11,230
RIGHT OFF THE BAT.

5331
04:31:11,230 --> 04:31:15,968
MANY START TO LOOK AT INTERESTS.

5332
04:31:15,968 --> 04:31:21,473
I'VE HAD ONE-ON-ONE, THE TRAINEE

5333
04:31:21,473 --> 04:31:22,507
CAME IN.

5334
04:31:22,507 --> 04:31:23,542
THEY SAID THEY WERE INTERESTED 

5335
04:31:23,542 --> 04:31:25,777
IN RESEARCH AND TWO MONTHS IN 

5336
04:31:25,777 --> 04:31:29,214
THEY SAID I WANT TO GO TO 

5337
04:31:29,214 --> 04:31:30,115
MEDICAL SCHOOL AND HELP THE 

5338
04:31:30,115 --> 04:31:32,117
STUDENT TRANSITION OUT TO FIND 

5339
04:31:32,117 --> 04:31:34,453
ANOTHER LAB WHERE THEY ARE CAN 

5340
04:31:34,453 --> 04:31:36,021
STILL GAIN RESEARCH EXPERIENCE 

5341
04:31:36,021 --> 04:31:39,258
AND HAVE OTHER SUPPORT TO BE 

5342
04:31:39,258 --> 04:31:42,961
ABLE TO MOVE ON TO PURSUE THEIR 

5343
04:31:42,961 --> 04:31:48,100
THE MEDICAL FIELD.

5344
04:31:48,100 --> 04:31:55,507
>> 

5345
04:31:55,507 --> 04:31:57,876
>> WE HAVE ONE OF THESE
PROGRAMS

5346
04:31:57,876 --> 04:31:59,344
AT WASH U.

5347
04:31:59,344 --> 04:32:03,181
I THINK THE CONCERN THAT WAS 

5348
04:32:03,181 --> 04:32:04,283
STATED WHAT IF THEY DECIDE THIS 

5349
04:32:04,283 --> 04:32:07,386
IS NOT FOR THEM, THAT'S A KNOCK 

5350
04:32:07,386 --> 04:32:10,889
AGAINST SOMEONE COMING FROM ANY 

5351
04:32:10,889 --> 04:32:13,458
UNDER RESOURCED INSTITUTION.

5352
04:32:13,458 --> 04:32:15,360
I THINK THAT'S NOT A PROBLEM.

5353
04:32:15,360 --> 04:32:18,297
AND TO SAY IF SOMEONE DECIDES TO

5354
04:32:18,297 --> 04:32:20,098
GO TO MEDICAL SCHOOL IS A 

5355
04:32:20,098 --> 04:32:25,837
PROBLEM WOULD BE SILLY 

5356
04:32:25,837 --> 04:32:28,106
GENERALLY.

5357
04:32:28,106 --> 04:32:34,379
BUT AND I'M NOT A PHYSICIAN OR 

5358
04:32:34,379 --> 04:32:39,451
ADVOCATING BUT THIS LAPPENS.

5359
04:32:39,451 --> 04:32:42,287
BEING THE TWO YEAR PROGRAM IS 

5360
04:32:42,287 --> 04:32:43,789
SUPER IMPORTANT.

5361
04:32:43,789 --> 04:32:47,693
THE STUDENTS COME IN AND THEY'RE

5362
04:32:47,693 --> 04:32:49,695
A COUPLE MONTHS IN AND NOW 

5363
04:32:49,695 --> 04:32:51,129
APPLYING TO GRADUATE SCHOOL 

5364
04:32:51,129 --> 04:32:52,097
WON'T WORK.

5365
04:32:52,097 --> 04:32:52,698
SEEING THE PROGRESS OF THE 

5366
04:32:52,698 --> 04:32:54,733
STUDENTS FROM YEAR ONE TO TWO 

5367
04:32:54,733 --> 04:32:56,535
HAS BEEN IMPRESSIVE.

5368
04:32:56,535 --> 04:32:59,171
THE PROGRAM AS STRUCTURED IS 

5369
04:32:59,171 --> 04:33:00,439
SUPER IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT'S 

5370
04:33:00,439 --> 04:33:03,041
LIKE BEING IN GRADUATE SCHOOL.

5371
04:33:03,041 --> 04:33:03,608
THEY WILL KNOW WHAT THEY'RE 

5372
04:33:03,608 --> 04:33:12,117
GETTING INTO.

5373
04:33:12,117 --> 04:33:14,186
>> THE IDEA IS THEY'RE
MAKING 

5374
04:33:14,186 --> 04:33:14,953
SURE THE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND 

5375
04:33:14,953 --> 04:33:19,458
WHAT THEY'RE GETTING.

5376
04:33:19,458 --> 04:33:20,559
YOU'RE GETTING EXPERIENCE LIKE A

5377
04:33:20,559 --> 04:33:22,861
Ph.D. PROGRAM WHICH IS WHAT IS 

5378
04:33:22,861 --> 04:33:29,067
DIFFERENT THAN TO GET INTO AN 

5379
04:33:29,067 --> 04:33:33,038
M.D. PROGRAM AND SOME IS TE

5380
04:33:33,038 --> 04:33:35,173
TEMPERING EXPECTATIONS AND THIS 

5381
04:33:35,173 --> 04:33:36,675
IS WHAT OUR RESOURCES ARE GOING 

5382
04:33:36,675 --> 04:33:38,744
TOWARDS.

5383
04:33:38,744 --> 04:33:40,412
IT SEEMS TO BE WORKING OUT BUT I

5384
04:33:40,412 --> 04:33:42,881
DON'T THINK ANY STUDENT WHO IS 

5385
04:33:42,881 --> 04:33:43,648
EMPOWERED ENOUGH TO MAKE A 

5386
04:33:43,648 --> 04:33:45,851
DECISION THAT MAY NOT BE THE 

5387
04:33:45,851 --> 04:33:49,087
Ph.D. ROUTE BUT FEEL LIKE I HAD 

5388
04:33:49,087 --> 04:33:50,288
A GREAT EXPERIENCE BUT THIS 

5389
04:33:50,288 --> 04:33:51,523
ISN'T FOR ME BECAUSE I DIDN'T 

5390
04:33:51,523 --> 04:33:52,657
KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT.

5391
04:33:52,657 --> 04:34:03,135
I STILL THINK THAT IS A WIN.

5392
04:34:06,605 --> 04:34:11,376
>> THERE'S INTRAMURAL NIH
AND 

5393
04:34:11,376 --> 04:34:13,311
THEY'RE IN THE TIED WITH T32 BUT

5394
04:34:13,311 --> 04:34:18,216
SEEM TO HAVE PUT INFLATION AN 

5395
04:34:18,216 --> 04:34:19,418
ATTRACTIVE THING AND KEEPS 

5396
04:34:19,418 --> 04:34:24,122
GETTING FILLED UP BY PEOPLE WHO 

5397
04:34:24,122 --> 04:34:27,859
COME AFTER UNDERGRAD.

5398
04:34:27,859 --> 04:34:34,766
T32s HAVE DIFFERENT ROLES AND 

5399
04:34:34,766 --> 04:34:42,707
CONSTRAINTS AND NOT TETHERING IT

5400
04:34:42,707 --> 04:34:43,775
BUT ACHIEVING DIFFERENT GOALS.

5401
04:34:43,775 --> 04:34:47,379
>> LET THIS BE A PUBLIC
SERVICE 

5402
04:34:47,379 --> 04:34:49,381
ANNOUNCEMENT TO LET CONGRESS NOU

5403
04:34:49,381 --> 04:34:50,816
KNOW THERE SHOULD BE MORE 

5404
04:34:50,816 --> 04:34:53,151
FUNDING FOR THIS.

5405
04:34:53,151 --> 04:34:54,653
I AGREE IT COULD BE EXPAND.

5406
04:34:54,653 --> 04:34:56,421
 IT'S DIFFICULT TO COMPARE TO 

5407
04:34:56,421 --> 04:34:57,189
THE PREP PROGRAM AND INTRAMURAL 

5408
04:34:57,189 --> 04:34:58,857
PROGRAM BECAUSE THEY DON'T HAVE 

5409
04:34:58,857 --> 04:34:59,724
ANY CONSTRAINTS.

5410
04:34:59,724 --> 04:35:01,760
YOU COULD HAVE HAD FIVE YEARS 

5411
04:35:01,760 --> 04:35:02,794
WORTH OF RESEARCH EXPERIENCE 

5412
04:35:02,794 --> 04:35:05,530
COME INTO THESE PROGRAMS, HAVE 

5413
04:35:05,530 --> 04:35:06,998
AN ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE AND 

5414
04:35:06,998 --> 04:35:13,205
MOVE ON TO THE NEXT FACE.

5415
04:35:13,205 --> 04:35:18,210
AND WE'RE THINKING STRATEGICALLY

5416
04:35:18,210 --> 04:35:19,411
A LOT OF TRAINEES FROM UNDER 

5417
04:35:19,411 --> 04:35:20,312
REPRESENTED PROGRAMS GO TO 

5418
04:35:20,312 --> 04:35:21,646
SCHOOLS THAT DO NOT HAVE ACCESS 

5419
04:35:21,646 --> 04:35:22,147
TO RESEARCH.

5420
04:35:22,147 --> 04:35:25,317
THEY SHOULD NOT BE LEFT OUT 

5421
04:35:25,317 --> 04:35:26,418
SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY HAVEN'T HAD 

5422
04:35:26,418 --> 04:35:27,886
THE OPPORTUNITY TO GET THE 

5423
04:35:27,886 --> 04:35:29,421
EXPERIENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE.

5424
04:35:29,421 --> 04:35:32,290
THIS IS A SPECIAL POOL OF 

5425
04:35:32,290 --> 04:35:34,259
TRAINEES THAT ARE OFTEN STRUNG 

5426
04:35:34,259 --> 04:35:35,994
ALONG AND DON'T HAVE REAL 

5427
04:35:35,994 --> 04:35:36,661
GUIDANCE.

5428
04:35:36,661 --> 04:35:43,702
PART OF THE REASON THIS IS TIED 

5429
04:35:43,702 --> 04:35:45,837
TO THE T32 THEY'RE GETTING 

5430
04:35:45,837 --> 04:35:53,445
EXPOSURE TO AN ENTIRE PROGRAM 

5431
04:35:53,445 --> 04:35:54,946
A

5432
04:35:54,946 --> 04:35:55,914
AND UNDERSTANDING HOW THE GAME 

5433
04:35:55,914 --> 04:35:57,649
WORKS AND HOW RESEARCH IS DONE 

5434
04:35:57,649 --> 04:35:58,617
AND THAT MAKES THE PROGRAM 

5435
04:35:58,617 --> 04:36:00,118
IMPORTANT AND HOPEFULLY WE CAN 

5436
04:36:00,118 --> 04:36:02,988
EXPAND IT ONCE WE HAVE DATA TO 

5437
04:36:02,988 --> 04:36:04,155
SHOW YOU, THAT YES IT WORKED AS 

5438
04:36:04,155 --> 04:36:10,929
WE HOPED IT WOULD.

5439
04:36:10,929 --> 04:36:21,139
IT'S A RISK WORTH TAKING.

5440
04:36:21,139 --> 04:36:22,374
>> THE INSTITUTIONS
SUPPLYING 

5441
04:36:22,374 --> 04:36:25,110
THE STUDENTS IN THE PROGRAMS AND

5442
04:36:25,110 --> 04:36:28,113
I NOTICED IT'S A MIX OF WELL 

5443
04:36:28,113 --> 04:36:29,514
HEALED COLLEGES WHO PROBABLY 

5444
04:36:29,514 --> 04:36:32,484
HAVE SIMPLE RESEARCH GOING ON 

5445
04:36:32,484 --> 04:36:40,692
AND EVEN UNDER GRADS THAT ARE 

5446
04:36:40,692 --> 04:36:41,092
PRIZED.

5447
04:36:41,092 --> 04:36:44,696
IS THERE EFFORT TO VET THE 

5448
04:36:44,696 --> 04:36:47,899
INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING THEM AND 

5449
04:36:47,899 --> 04:36:51,603
ONCE WELL HEALED VERSUS ONES NOT

5450
04:36:51,603 --> 04:36:52,103
SO MUCH.

5451
04:36:52,103 --> 04:36:55,140
>> THAT'S UP TO THE
PROGRAM 

5452
04:36:55,140 --> 04:36:57,142
DIRECTORS TO SELECT STUDENTS.

5453
04:36:57,142 --> 04:37:01,046
SOME INSTITUTIONS FOR INSTANCE 

5454
04:37:01,046 --> 04:37:04,516
MY ALMA MATER IS KNOWN TO 

5455
04:37:04,516 --> 04:37:05,550
PRODUCE STUDENTS WHO HAVE ACCESS

5456
04:37:05,550 --> 04:37:07,185
TO RESEARCH BUT DON'T HAVE 

5457
04:37:07,185 --> 04:37:08,153
ACCESS TO GRADUATE PROGRAMS.

5458
04:37:08,153 --> 04:37:09,421
EVEN IF THEY'RE ABLE TO DO 

5459
04:37:09,421 --> 04:37:11,756
RESEARCH, THEY DON'T HAVE THE 

5460
04:37:11,756 --> 04:37:15,026
EXPOSURE TO A GRADUATE Ph.D. 

5461
04:37:15,026 --> 04:37:17,228
LEVEL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT.

5462
04:37:17,228 --> 04:37:19,264
THAT'S STILL AN IMPORTANT PIECE 

5463
04:37:19,264 --> 04:37:22,267
THAT CAN'T BE OVERLOOKED.

5464
04:37:22,267 --> 04:37:27,005
JUST LOOKING AT THE GROUP SAYING

5465
04:37:27,005 --> 04:37:28,607
THEY COULD DO THEIR Ph.D. THEY 

5466
04:37:28,607 --> 04:37:29,507
HAVE ACCESS.

5467
04:37:29,507 --> 04:37:32,010
BECAUSE IT'S SUCH A NEW PROGRAM 

5468
04:37:32,010 --> 04:37:34,613
AND THE RESTRICTIONS ARE THERE, 

5469
04:37:34,613 --> 04:37:41,686
THEY'RE QUITE STRINGENT BUT HAVE

5470
04:37:41,686 --> 04:37:43,254
RISEN TO THE OCCASION AND LOOKED

5471
04:37:43,254 --> 04:37:46,858
AT WHAT THE RIGHT MIX IS.

5472
04:37:46,858 --> 04:37:47,892
WE'RE HAVING NOT QUITE QUARTERLY

5473
04:37:47,892 --> 04:37:52,097
BUT TRYING TO MEET WITH THE 

5474
04:37:52,097 --> 04:37:58,403
P.I.s AND MYSELF AND APPROACH 

5475
04:37:58,403 --> 04:38:01,706
INSTITUTIONS THAT COULD USE A 

5476
04:38:01,706 --> 04:38:02,574
LITTLE BIT MORE ATTENTION.

5477
04:38:02,574 --> 04:38:04,209
I THINK IT CAN BE A WORK IN 

5478
04:38:04,209 --> 04:38:07,612
PROGRESS BUT IT'S NOT UP TO ME.

5479
04:38:07,612 --> 04:38:09,214
I'M JUST THERE TO GUIDE THEM AND

5480
04:38:09,214 --> 04:38:12,484
LET THEM KNOW, NO, NO, NO.

5481
04:38:12,484 --> 04:38:15,787
YOU CAN'T GET SOMEONE FROM U.C. 

5482
04:38:15,787 --> 04:38:16,121
IRVINE.

5483
04:38:16,121 --> 04:38:17,422
THAT'S NOT WHAT WE'RE LOOKING 

5484
04:38:17,422 --> 04:38:18,423
FOR BUT I THINK IN GENERAL 

5485
04:38:18,423 --> 04:38:28,867
THEY'RE DOING REALLY WELL.

5486
04:38:32,003 --> 04:38:35,640
>> A RUN A SUMMER PROGRAM
AT 

5487
04:38:35,640 --> 04:38:37,108
UCLA THAT BRINGS IN STUDENTS 

5488
04:38:37,108 --> 04:38:42,180
FROM HBCUs AND HISPANIC-SERVING 

5489
04:38:42,180 --> 04:38:43,248
INSTITUTIONS.

5490
04:38:43,248 --> 04:38:47,652
ACTUALLY I DON'T RUN IT ANYMORE 

5491
04:38:47,652 --> 04:38:58,096
MY COLLEAGUES RUN IT NOW.

5492
04:39:17,782 --> 04:39:23,521
MAYBE WE COULD INSTITUTE ADDING 

5493
04:39:23,521 --> 04:39:25,857
THAT AT THE SAME INSTITUTIONS 

5494
04:39:25,857 --> 04:39:32,097
AND MAY SAY THE RESEARCH IS FOR 

5495
04:39:32,097 --> 04:39:35,767
ME AND THEN SELECTED TO THE 

5496
04:39:35,767 --> 04:39:45,910
PROGRAM.

5497
04:39:48,713 --> 04:39:51,349
>> I WAS TALKING WITH MY 

5498
04:39:51,349 --> 04:39:53,618
COLLEAGUES IN THE OPEN OFFICE 

5499
04:39:53,618 --> 04:39:57,388
HOW TO BETTER INTEGRATE ACROSS 

5500
04:39:57,388 --> 04:40:00,492
THE R25 PROGRAMS THAT PROVIDE AN

5501
04:40:00,492 --> 04:40:02,026
EIGHT TO TEN-WEEK TEST OF 

5502
04:40:02,026 --> 04:40:07,866
RESEARCH AND LOUING THEM TO KNOW

5503
04:40:07,866 --> 04:40:10,368
THE OPPORTUNITIES EXIST AND 

5504
04:40:10,368 --> 04:40:15,907
PERHAPS IT'S PART OF AN EXIT 

5505
04:40:15,907 --> 04:40:19,144
PACKAGE AND FUNNEL FOLKS GOING 

5506
04:40:19,144 --> 04:40:21,146
INTO THEIR SENIOR YEAR AND HOPE 

5507
04:40:21,146 --> 04:40:24,582
WE CAN FIND BETTER WAYS TO PUT 

5508
04:40:24,582 --> 04:40:26,885
TOGETHER THE PROGRAMS WE'RE 

5509
04:40:26,885 --> 04:40:28,119
ALREADY FUNDING AND ALREADY 

5510
04:40:28,119 --> 04:40:33,024
INVESTED IN.

5511
04:40:33,024 --> 04:40:34,826
>> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU
FOR THE 

5512
04:40:34,826 --> 04:40:35,760
ROBUST DISCUSSION.

5513
04:40:35,760 --> 04:40:46,204
NOW WE'LL PUT UP A SLIDE.

5514
04:40:47,305 --> 04:40:53,812
OKAY SO THESE ARE THE OTHER 

5515
04:40:53,812 --> 04:40:57,582
CONCEPTS.

5516
04:40:57,582 --> 04:41:00,118
MOST ARE REISSUED AND THIS IS 

5517
04:41:00,118 --> 04:41:01,486
THE OPPORTUNITY IF THERE'S 

5518
04:41:01,486 --> 04:41:04,122
QUESTIONS ON THESE TO GET THEM 

5519
04:41:04,122 --> 04:41:14,299
ANSWERED.

5520
04:41:28,413 --> 04:41:30,215
HEARING NO QUESTIONS, I'LL ASK 

5521
04:41:30,215 --> 04:41:32,116
FOR A MOTION TO MOVE FORWARD ON 

5522
04:41:32,116 --> 04:41:35,320
ALL OF THE CONCEPTS THAT HAVE 

5523
04:41:35,320 --> 04:41:37,789
BEEN PRESENTED ON THE SLIDE OR 

5524
04:41:37,789 --> 04:41:38,756
DISCUSSED HERE.

5525
04:41:38,756 --> 04:41:40,458
TIM HAS MADE A MOTION.

5526
04:41:40,458 --> 04:41:41,492
IS THERE A SECOND?

5527
04:41:41,492 --> 04:41:43,962
GINA MADE THE SECOND NOW.

5528
04:41:43,962 --> 04:41:46,231
I'LL GO TO MY LIST AND CALL OUT 

5529
04:41:46,231 --> 04:41:47,599
THE NAMED.

5530
04:41:47,599 --> 04:41:47,765
AMY.

5531
04:41:47,765 --> 04:41:48,299
>> APPROVED.

5532
04:41:48,299 --> 04:41:52,503
>> BOB.

5533
04:41:52,503 --> 04:41:52,804
>> APPROVE.

5534
04:41:52,804 --> 04:41:53,705
>> JEN.

5535
04:41:53,705 --> 04:41:54,172
>> APPROVE.

5536
04:41:54,172 --> 04:41:56,107
>> JANG.

5537
04:41:56,107 --> 04:41:57,075
>> APPROVE.

5538
04:41:57,075 --> 04:41:58,676
>> JIM MU.

5539
04:41:58,676 --> 04:41:58,977
>> APPROVE.

5540
04:41:58,977 --> 04:42:01,379
>> JOHN.

5541
04:42:01,379 --> 04:42:01,713
>> APPROVE.

5542
04:42:01,713 --> 04:42:03,081
>> LOUISE.

5543
04:42:03,081 --> 04:42:03,681
>> APPROVE.

5544
04:42:03,681 --> 04:42:04,349
>> HANK.

5545
04:42:04,349 --> 04:42:05,450
>> APPROVE.

5546
04:42:05,450 --> 04:42:06,551
>> GINA.

5547
04:42:06,551 --> 04:42:08,086
>> APPROVE.

5548
04:42:08,086 --> 04:42:12,090
>> GEMMINI.

5549
04:42:12,090 --> 04:42:13,591
>> APPROVE.

5550
04:42:13,591 --> 04:42:15,360
>> JIM.

5551
04:42:15,360 --> 04:42:16,861
>> EXCELLENT.

5552
04:42:16,861 --> 04:42:18,630
WITH THAT WE'RE AT THE END OF 

5553
04:42:18,630 --> 04:42:21,733
THE OPEN SESSION.

5554
04:42:21,733 --> 04:42:31,733
I'M GOING TO ADJOURN IT.