1 00:00:07,416 --> 00:00:08,584 GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 2 00:00:08,584 --> 00:00:10,185 I'VE BEEN INSTRUCTED TO USE THIS 3 00:00:10,185 --> 00:00:13,522 GAVEL TO OPEN THE MEETING, AND 4 00:00:13,522 --> 00:00:17,426 THIS IS THE 168TH MEETING OF THE 5 00:00:17,426 --> 00:00:18,861 NATIONAL ADVISORY EYE COUNCIL. 6 00:00:18,861 --> 00:00:20,262 IT'S GREAT TO SEE EVERYBODY HERE 7 00:00:20,262 --> 00:00:21,663 IN BETHESDA. 8 00:00:21,663 --> 00:00:23,365 AND I'M MICHAEL CHIANG, DIRECTOR 9 00:00:23,365 --> 00:00:27,903 OF THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. 10 00:00:27,903 --> 00:00:33,175 AND AS IS CUSS TO M CUSTOMARY, A 11 00:00:33,175 --> 00:00:36,879 REALLY GOOD MEETING HERE TODAY, 12 00:00:36,879 --> 00:00:38,080 WE'LL GO AROUND THE TABLE AND 13 00:00:38,080 --> 00:00:38,947 HAVE EVERYONE INTRODUCE 14 00:00:38,947 --> 00:00:39,515 THEMSELVES. 15 00:00:39,515 --> 00:00:40,716 BEFORE WE START TO DO THIS, I 16 00:00:40,716 --> 00:00:42,551 JUST WANT TO SAY THAT WE HAVE 17 00:00:42,551 --> 00:00:43,752 TWO GUEST SPEAKERS HERE TODAY, 18 00:00:43,752 --> 00:00:46,488 AND I WANT TO BRIEFLY INTRODUCE 19 00:00:46,488 --> 00:00:46,722 THEM. 20 00:00:46,722 --> 00:00:57,332 ONE OF THEM IS DR. VINIT MAHAJN 21 00:00:58,700 --> 00:00:59,501 FROM STANFORD UNIVERSITY. 22 00:00:59,501 --> 00:01:01,403 HE'S DONE SOME REALLY, REALLY 23 00:01:01,403 --> 00:01:02,571 IMPRESSIVE STUFF, DOING SOME 24 00:01:02,571 --> 00:01:09,378 RELIMB PRE SIEVEREALLY IMPRESSIO 25 00:01:09,378 --> 00:01:11,580 WE'LL FORMALLY INTRODUCE HIM 26 00:01:11,580 --> 00:01:14,516 AFTERWARDS, WELCOME, VINU. 27 00:01:14,516 --> 00:01:17,019 THE SECOND PERSON IS NOT HERE 28 00:01:17,019 --> 00:01:17,186 YET. 29 00:01:17,186 --> 00:01:18,353 AND I WANT TO GIVE YOU A HEADS 30 00:01:18,353 --> 00:01:19,922 UP THAT THE SECOND GUEST SPEAKER 31 00:01:19,922 --> 00:01:24,560 THAT WE HAVE HERE IS GOING TO BE 32 00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:25,661 DR. AFROUZ ANDERSON, PROGRAM 33 00:01:25,661 --> 00:01:28,997 OFFICER FROM NIBIB, NATIONAL 34 00:01:28,997 --> 00:01:30,799 INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 35 00:01:30,799 --> 00:01:31,900 AND BIOENGINEERING WHO WILL BE 36 00:01:31,900 --> 00:01:33,035 HERE, AND THE TWO OF THEM ARE 37 00:01:33,035 --> 00:01:35,070 GOING TO HAVE A REALLY 38 00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:35,637 INTERESTING SESSION. 39 00:01:35,637 --> 00:01:40,309 BUT WITH THAT, LET'S GO AROUND 40 00:01:40,309 --> 00:01:40,742 THE TABLE. 41 00:01:40,742 --> 00:01:41,677 WE'RE GOING TO START WITH THE 42 00:01:41,677 --> 00:01:43,579 THREE OF US. 43 00:01:43,579 --> 00:01:45,013 AGAIN, MICHAEL CHIANG, DIRECTOR, 44 00:01:45,013 --> 00:01:45,514 NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. 45 00:01:45,514 --> 00:01:47,516 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. 46 00:01:47,516 --> 00:01:50,485 I'M THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE 47 00:01:50,485 --> 00:01:51,553 NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. 48 00:01:51,553 --> 00:01:53,055 >> HI, I'M CATHY ANDERSON, 49 00:01:53,055 --> 00:01:54,189 DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF 50 00:01:54,189 --> 00:01:55,624 EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AT NEI, 51 00:01:55,624 --> 00:01:57,159 AND THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY FOR 52 00:01:57,159 --> 00:02:01,430 THE ADVISORY EYE COUNCIL. 53 00:02:01,430 --> 00:02:05,667 >> REZA, COULD WE START WITH YOU 54 00:02:05,667 --> 00:02:06,902 AND GO AROUND THE TABLE, PLEASE? 55 00:02:06,902 --> 00:02:10,806 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 56 00:02:10,806 --> 00:02:15,744 REZA DANA DR. BOSTON. 57 00:02:15,744 --> 00:02:16,311 HEAD OF CORNEA. 58 00:02:16,311 --> 00:02:19,147 THANK YOU. 59 00:02:19,147 --> 00:02:21,416 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 60 00:02:21,416 --> 00:02:23,719 MARIA GRANT FROM UNIVERSITY OF 61 00:02:23,719 --> 00:02:24,720 ALABAMA, DEPARTMENT OF 62 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:25,354 OPHTHALMOLOGY, VISUAL SCIENCE. 63 00:02:25,354 --> 00:02:28,557 THANK YOU. 64 00:02:28,557 --> 00:02:35,030 >> 65 00:02:35,030 --> 00:02:38,200 >> THANK YOU. 66 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:40,135 I'M JANI LEHRER-STEIN FROM 67 00:02:40,135 --> 00:02:41,236 SAN FRANCISCO. 68 00:02:41,236 --> 00:02:43,105 MICHAEL TOLD ME LAST NIGHT I'M 69 00:02:43,105 --> 00:02:43,905 OFFICIALLY THE PUBLIC PERSON ON 70 00:02:43,905 --> 00:02:46,908 THIS COUNCIL, SO THANK YOU FOR 71 00:02:46,908 --> 00:02:52,381 GIVING ME THE TITLE FINALLY. 72 00:02:52,381 --> 00:03:01,790 >> HI, I'M PRADEEP RAMULU, JOHNS 73 00:03:01,790 --> 00:03:03,992 HOPKINS INSTITUTE, DIRECT THE 74 00:03:03,992 --> 00:03:04,526 GLAUCOMA DIVISION THERE. 75 00:03:04,526 --> 00:03:06,395 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 76 00:03:06,395 --> 00:03:08,897 VICTOR PEREZ FROM UNIVERSITY OF 77 00:03:08,897 --> 00:03:09,865 MIAMI, DIRECTOR OF CORNEA 78 00:03:09,865 --> 00:03:12,734 RESEARCH AND PROFESSOR OF 79 00:03:12,734 --> 00:03:13,068 OPHTHALMOLOGY. 80 00:03:13,068 --> 00:03:14,269 THANK YOU. 81 00:03:14,269 --> 00:03:21,576 >> HI, I'M DON MUTTI, OHIO STATE 82 00:03:21,576 --> 00:03:24,012 UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF 83 00:03:24,012 --> 00:03:25,914 OPTOMETRY. 84 00:03:25,914 --> 00:03:31,086 >> TIRIN MOORE, STANFORD 85 00:03:31,086 --> 00:03:32,087 UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF 86 00:03:32,087 --> 00:03:32,421 NEUROBIOLOGY. 87 00:03:32,421 --> 00:03:34,756 >> HI, GOOD MORNING. 88 00:03:34,756 --> 00:03:37,793 I'M MAUREEN MAGUIRE, PROFESSOR 89 00:03:37,793 --> 00:03:40,162 EMERITUS FROM UNIVERSITY OF 90 00:03:40,162 --> 00:03:41,163 PENNSYLVANIA, THE JADE CENTER 91 00:03:41,163 --> 00:03:45,901 FOR HEALTH RESEARCH. 92 00:03:45,901 --> 00:03:49,705 >> THANK YOU, EVERYONE. 93 00:03:49,705 --> 00:03:50,672 TODAY WE DON'T HAVE ANY 94 00:03:50,672 --> 00:03:51,873 DEPARTING OR NEW MEMBERS. 95 00:03:51,873 --> 00:03:53,075 THERE'S A SLATE THAT'S GOING TO 96 00:03:53,075 --> 00:03:54,609 BEGIN COMING IN, BUT IT'S MAKING 97 00:03:54,609 --> 00:03:59,281 ITS WAY THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT 98 00:03:59,281 --> 00:04:03,919 OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 99 00:04:03,919 --> 00:04:04,820 CLEARANCE PROCESS SO WE'LL HAVE 100 00:04:04,820 --> 00:04:06,021 THOSE HOPEFULLY COMING UP AT THE 101 00:04:06,021 --> 00:04:06,755 NEXT MEETING. 102 00:04:06,755 --> 00:04:09,257 BUT WITH THIS, LET ME TURN OVER 103 00:04:09,257 --> 00:04:11,026 TO CATHY, YOU AND YOUR TEAM HAS 104 00:04:11,026 --> 00:04:12,327 ALWAYS DONE A GREAT JOB SETTING 105 00:04:12,327 --> 00:04:14,262 UP THE LOGISTICS OF THIS MEETING 106 00:04:14,262 --> 00:04:17,733 AND THE HYBRID PART OF THE 107 00:04:17,733 --> 00:04:19,034 MEETING WITH EVERYBODY WHO'S ON 108 00:04:19,034 --> 00:04:21,203 ZOOM AND ON THE VIDEOCAST, AND I 109 00:04:21,203 --> 00:04:24,172 WANT TO JUST GIVE A SHOUT OUT TO 110 00:04:24,172 --> 00:04:24,706 YOUR GROUP. 111 00:04:24,706 --> 00:04:26,208 AND CAN WE TURN TO YOU TO MAKE 112 00:04:26,208 --> 00:04:33,148 YOUR INTRODUCTORY REMARKS? 113 00:04:33,148 --> 00:04:34,649 >> THANK YOU, MIKE, AND THANK 114 00:04:34,649 --> 00:04:36,952 YOU, EVERYONE, FOR COMING HERE 115 00:04:36,952 --> 00:04:38,153 TODAY IN PERSON AND VIRTUALLY. 116 00:04:38,153 --> 00:04:40,455 I ALSO WANT TO WELCOME THE NEI 117 00:04:40,455 --> 00:04:41,323 ADVOCACY COMMUNITY, THOSE WHO 118 00:04:41,323 --> 00:04:43,225 ARE HERE IN PERSON AND THOSE WHO 119 00:04:43,225 --> 00:04:44,926 ARE WATCHING ON THE VIDEOCAST. 120 00:04:44,926 --> 00:04:46,161 OUR COLLEAGUES FROM THE CENTER 121 00:04:46,161 --> 00:04:47,662 FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW WHO DO THE 122 00:04:47,662 --> 00:04:51,466 MAJORITY OF OUR GRANT 123 00:04:51,466 --> 00:04:52,701 APPLICATION REVIEWS, OUR INVITED 124 00:04:52,701 --> 00:04:54,102 SPEAKERS, AND MEMBERS OF THE 125 00:04:54,102 --> 00:04:56,238 PUBLIC WHO ARE WATCHING 126 00:04:56,238 --> 00:04:58,507 VIRTUALLY. 127 00:04:58,507 --> 00:05:03,111 I'LL ALSO ECHO MIKE'S THANKS AND 128 00:05:03,111 --> 00:05:06,715 ACKNOWLEDGE OUR NEWEST STAFF 129 00:05:06,715 --> 00:05:07,949 MEMBER FOR ALL THEIR EFFORTS TO 130 00:05:07,949 --> 00:05:09,384 MAKE SURE THIS MEETING HAPPENS 131 00:05:09,384 --> 00:05:10,452 AND HAPPENS SMOOTHLY. 132 00:05:10,452 --> 00:05:11,553 THEY COORDINATE ALL THE 133 00:05:11,553 --> 00:05:13,388 LOGISTICS, ALL THE TECHNOLOGY, 134 00:05:13,388 --> 00:05:15,157 ALL THE PREP FOR THE MATERIALS 135 00:05:15,157 --> 00:05:16,892 BEFOREHAND AND ON-SITE 136 00:05:16,892 --> 00:05:17,893 LOGISTICS, SO THEY ARE 137 00:05:17,893 --> 00:05:19,094 ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL TO THIS 138 00:05:19,094 --> 00:05:20,295 PROCESS. 139 00:05:20,295 --> 00:05:22,364 I ALSO WANT TO GIVE A SHOUT OUT 140 00:05:22,364 --> 00:05:25,901 TO BOTH LESLIE EARL AND NATHAN 141 00:05:25,901 --> 00:05:27,302 BROWN AGAIN FOR THEIR EXTENSIVE 142 00:05:27,302 --> 00:05:28,703 EFFORTS TO MAKE THE MEETING 143 00:05:28,703 --> 00:05:29,704 MATERIALS COMPLIANT AND 144 00:05:29,704 --> 00:05:30,906 ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL OF OUR 145 00:05:30,906 --> 00:05:33,542 COUNCILMEMBERS. 146 00:05:33,542 --> 00:05:35,076 SO I'M JUST GOING TO GO OVER A 147 00:05:35,076 --> 00:05:37,012 COUPLE REMINDERS FOR BEST 148 00:05:37,012 --> 00:05:38,613 MEETING PRACTICES AND ZOOM 149 00:05:38,613 --> 00:05:41,216 ETIQUETTE. 150 00:05:41,216 --> 00:05:42,384 SO WHETHER YOU'RE IN THE ROOM O. 151 00:05:42,384 --> 00:05:43,685 ON ZOOM, PLEASE IDENTIFY 152 00:05:43,685 --> 00:05:44,986 YOURSELF WITH YOUR FULL NAME 153 00:05:44,986 --> 00:05:47,189 EACH TIME YOU SPEAK. 154 00:05:47,189 --> 00:05:48,623 IF YOU'RE ON ZOOM, PLEASE PUT 155 00:05:48,623 --> 00:05:50,258 YOUR FULL NAME IN YOUR ZOOM 156 00:05:50,258 --> 00:05:53,762 WINDOW SO WE CAN CAPTURE ALL 157 00:05:53,762 --> 00:05:56,498 PARTICIPANTS ACCURATELY FOR OUR 158 00:05:56,498 --> 00:05:56,865 MEETING MINUTES. 159 00:05:56,865 --> 00:05:58,133 IF YOU'RE ON ZOOM, PLEASE HAVE 160 00:05:58,133 --> 00:05:59,568 YOUR VIDEOS OFF DURING THE 161 00:05:59,568 --> 00:06:01,403 MEETING UNLESS YOU'RE A 162 00:06:01,403 --> 00:06:02,637 COUNCILMEMBER, MAUREEN, AND 163 00:06:02,637 --> 00:06:03,805 REMEMBER TO MUTE YOURSELF UNLESS 164 00:06:03,805 --> 00:06:05,574 YOU ARE PRESENTING OR SPEAKING. 165 00:06:05,574 --> 00:06:07,242 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, YOU WILL 166 00:06:07,242 --> 00:06:11,046 NEED TO TURN ON YOUR VIDEO AND 167 00:06:11,046 --> 00:06:12,247 USE THE RAISE HAND FUNCTION AND 168 00:06:12,247 --> 00:06:13,014 INTRODUCE YOURSELF. 169 00:06:13,014 --> 00:06:14,749 PLEASE DO NOT USE THE CHAT BOX 170 00:06:14,749 --> 00:06:17,619 IN ZOOM. 171 00:06:17,619 --> 00:06:18,687 WE CAN'T SEE THAT IN THE ROOM 172 00:06:18,687 --> 00:06:20,322 AND THE PEOPLE VIEWING ON THE 173 00:06:20,322 --> 00:06:21,490 VIDEOCAST CAN'T SEE IT EITHER SO 174 00:06:21,490 --> 00:06:23,959 WE CAN'T CAPTURE THAT FOR OUR 175 00:06:23,959 --> 00:06:27,229 MINUTES. 176 00:06:27,229 --> 00:06:29,464 IF YOU'RE IN THE ROOM PLEASE USE 177 00:06:29,464 --> 00:06:30,398 YOUR MICROPHONE EACH TIME YOU 178 00:06:30,398 --> 00:06:31,700 SPEAK AND, AGAIN, INTRODUCE 179 00:06:31,700 --> 00:06:32,467 YOURSELF. 180 00:06:32,467 --> 00:06:33,802 WHEN YOU'RE SPEAKING, THIS IS 181 00:06:33,802 --> 00:06:36,071 HARD BECAUSE I'M NOT -- WHEN 182 00:06:36,071 --> 00:06:37,305 YOU'RE SPEAKING TRY TO LOOK AT 183 00:06:37,305 --> 00:06:41,877 THE CAMERA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 184 00:06:41,877 --> 00:06:43,645 ROOM, NOT YOURSELF ON THE VIDEO. 185 00:06:43,645 --> 00:06:48,116 AND IF YOU'RE HERE IN PERSON, 186 00:06:48,116 --> 00:06:48,783 COUNCILMEMBERS DON'T NEED TO DO 187 00:06:48,783 --> 00:06:49,784 THIS BUT THE REST OF THE PEOPLE 188 00:06:49,784 --> 00:06:51,353 IN THE ROOM, PLEASE REMEMBER TO 189 00:06:51,353 --> 00:06:53,588 SIGN IN WITH BRONTE. 190 00:06:53,588 --> 00:06:54,890 YOU'LL NEED TO DO THAT FOR BOTH 191 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:55,891 OPEN AND CLOSED SESSION. 192 00:06:55,891 --> 00:06:58,260 AS ALWAYS, I'M REQUIRED TO 193 00:06:58,260 --> 00:07:02,130 REMIND COUNCILMEMBERS THAT A A S 194 00:07:02,130 --> 00:07:02,764 SPECIAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES YOU 195 00:07:02,764 --> 00:07:05,967 MAY NOT ENGAGE IN ANY LOBBYING 196 00:07:05,967 --> 00:07:06,935 ACTIVITIES TODAY WHILE YOU'RE 197 00:07:06,935 --> 00:07:07,802 RECEIVING PAY FROM THE FEDERAL 198 00:07:07,802 --> 00:07:08,670 GOVERNMENT AND DURING YOUR 199 00:07:08,670 --> 00:07:09,437 SPONSORED TRAVEL. 200 00:07:09,437 --> 00:07:10,672 FUTURE COUNCIL MEETINGS. 201 00:07:10,672 --> 00:07:11,973 THE DATES FOR FUTURE COUNCIL 202 00:07:11,973 --> 00:07:13,508 MEETINGS ARE LISTED ON THE OPEN 203 00:07:13,508 --> 00:07:15,243 SESSION AGENDA AND ON OUR 204 00:07:15,243 --> 00:07:19,080 WEBSITE. 205 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:20,515 THE 2026 DATES HAVE BEEN ADDED 206 00:07:20,515 --> 00:07:22,050 SINCE OUR LAST MEETING. 207 00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:23,552 SO PLEASE MARK YOUR CALENDARS 208 00:07:23,552 --> 00:07:25,186 AND LET ME KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY 209 00:07:25,186 --> 00:07:26,021 CONFLICTS. 210 00:07:26,021 --> 00:07:27,389 OUR NEXT MEETING IS SCHEDULED 211 00:07:27,389 --> 00:07:31,326 FOR FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2024. 212 00:07:31,326 --> 00:07:32,861 AND AS DR. CHIANG MENTIONED, WE 213 00:07:32,861 --> 00:07:34,930 DO HOPE TO HAVE OUR NEXT SLATE 214 00:07:34,930 --> 00:07:36,698 OF MEMBERS ONBOARDED BY THEM SO 215 00:07:36,698 --> 00:07:41,503 WE HAVE A FULL ROSTER. 216 00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:42,270 OKAY. 217 00:07:42,270 --> 00:07:44,573 THE MINUTES OF THE FEBRUARY 2024 218 00:07:44,573 --> 00:07:45,774 COUNCIL MEETING WERE MADE 219 00:07:45,774 --> 00:07:48,376 AVAILABLE TO YOU IN THE 220 00:07:48,376 --> 00:07:49,477 ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK FOR YOUR 221 00:07:49,477 --> 00:07:50,011 REVIEW. 222 00:07:50,011 --> 00:07:51,012 WOULD ANYONE LIKE TO DISCUSS THE 223 00:07:51,012 --> 00:07:55,183 FEBRUARY MEETING MINUTES? 224 00:07:55,183 --> 00:07:55,617 OKAY. 225 00:07:55,617 --> 00:07:57,586 IF NOT, MAY I HAVE A MOTION TO 226 00:07:57,586 --> 00:07:59,988 APPROVE? 227 00:07:59,988 --> 00:08:01,289 THANK YOU, VICTOR. 228 00:08:01,289 --> 00:08:06,394 SECOND, MARIA, THANK YOU. 229 00:08:06,394 --> 00:08:07,963 ALL IN FAVOR OF APPROVING THE 230 00:08:07,963 --> 00:08:09,064 FEBRUARY MEETING, PLEASE RAISE 231 00:08:09,064 --> 00:08:09,397 YOUR HANDS. 232 00:08:09,397 --> 00:08:11,900 IS THERE ANYONE OW OPPOSED? 233 00:08:11,900 --> 00:08:14,869 GREAT, THANK YOU. 234 00:08:14,869 --> 00:08:16,838 JUST A SLIGHT CHANGE ON THAT 235 00:08:16,838 --> 00:08:17,906 TOPIC, GOING FORWARD, I'M GOING 236 00:08:17,906 --> 00:08:21,209 TO EMAIL YOU THE DRAFT COUNCIL 237 00:08:21,209 --> 00:08:23,278 MINUTES IN ADVANCE OF THE 238 00:08:23,278 --> 00:08:25,580 MEETING AND ASK FOR YOUR 239 00:08:25,580 --> 00:08:26,448 APPROVAL VIA EMAIL. 240 00:08:26,448 --> 00:08:27,649 WE'RE NOW REQUIRED -- WELL, 241 00:08:27,649 --> 00:08:28,617 WE'VE PROBABLY ALWAYS BEEN 242 00:08:28,617 --> 00:08:29,951 REQUIRED BUT WE'RE NOW REQUIRED 243 00:08:29,951 --> 00:08:33,688 TO GET THESE APPROVED AND 244 00:08:33,688 --> 00:08:35,790 CERTIFIED 120 DAYS AFTER THE 245 00:08:35,790 --> 00:08:37,726 MEETING, SO WE CAN'T ALWAYS MAKE 246 00:08:37,726 --> 00:08:38,927 THAT DEADLINE IF WE WAIT UNTIL 247 00:08:38,927 --> 00:08:40,462 THIS MEETING SO JUST BE ON THE 248 00:08:40,462 --> 00:08:41,229 LOOKOUT FOR THAT. 249 00:08:41,229 --> 00:08:44,733 SO WITH THAT, IF ANYBODY HAS ANY 250 00:08:44,733 --> 00:08:47,102 QUESTIONS? 251 00:08:47,102 --> 00:08:48,436 I'M GOING TO TURN IT BACK OVER 252 00:08:48,436 --> 00:08:50,305 TO DR. CHIANG FOR HIS DIRECTOR'S 253 00:08:50,305 --> 00:08:52,707 REMARKS. 254 00:08:52,707 --> 00:08:54,442 >> KATHY, THANKS AGAIN TO 255 00:08:54,442 --> 00:08:55,844 BASICALLY YOU AND THE CREW OF 256 00:08:55,844 --> 00:08:58,713 NATHAN, LISA AND BRONTE. 257 00:08:58,713 --> 00:09:00,248 I'M GOING TO WALK UP HERE WHERE 258 00:09:00,248 --> 00:09:10,592 NATHAN IS STANDING. 259 00:09:34,015 --> 00:09:37,652 NATHAN, THANK YOU AGAIN. 260 00:09:37,652 --> 00:09:40,155 THIS IS ALWAYS -- THERE ARE OVER 261 00:09:40,155 --> 00:09:41,489 700 PEOPLE WHO WORK AT THE 262 00:09:41,489 --> 00:09:42,257 NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE, AND THIS 263 00:09:42,257 --> 00:09:43,658 IS ALWAYS A PRIVILEGE FOR ME TO 264 00:09:43,658 --> 00:09:45,193 STAND UP HERE AND GIVE A REPORT 265 00:09:45,193 --> 00:09:51,866 ON BEHALF OF ALL OF US. 266 00:09:51,866 --> 00:09:53,401 SO I ALWAYS BEGIN BY SAYING THAT 267 00:09:53,401 --> 00:09:55,370 WHAT WE TALK ABOUT, WHAT WE 268 00:09:55,370 --> 00:09:56,638 DISCUSS HERE IN THE NEXT HOUR 269 00:09:56,638 --> 00:09:59,207 AND A HALF IS JUST A SMALL 270 00:09:59,207 --> 00:10:00,742 AMOUNT OF WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS 271 00:10:00,742 --> 00:10:03,478 IN BETHESDA AND WHAT THE CREW, 272 00:10:03,478 --> 00:10:04,512 PARTICULARLY IN THE BACK, IS 273 00:10:04,512 --> 00:10:06,314 DOING. 274 00:10:06,314 --> 00:10:07,949 AND WE'VE BEEN USING SOCIAL 275 00:10:07,949 --> 00:10:10,919 MEDIA TO TRY TO DISSEMINATE ALL 276 00:10:10,919 --> 00:10:15,623 THE NEWS AS IT COMES UP. 277 00:10:15,623 --> 00:10:17,258 SO PLEASE CONSIDER FOLLOWING US 278 00:10:17,258 --> 00:10:18,126 ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 279 00:10:18,126 --> 00:10:19,994 THE TWITTER HANDLES ARE SHOWN 280 00:10:19,994 --> 00:10:23,932 HERE. 281 00:10:23,932 --> 00:10:25,900 NATEYEINSTITUTE AND NEIDIRECTOR. 282 00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:28,636 SO THIS IS OUR 168TH EYE 283 00:10:28,636 --> 00:10:32,107 INSTITUTE COUNCIL, AND I WANT TO 284 00:10:32,107 --> 00:10:35,310 BEGIN JUST WITH SOME LEADERSHIP 285 00:10:35,310 --> 00:10:38,246 AND STAFF UPDATES. 286 00:10:38,246 --> 00:10:41,316 THE FIRST ONE IS THE FOGARTY 287 00:10:41,316 --> 00:10:43,485 INTERNATIONAL CENTER IS THE 288 00:10:43,485 --> 00:10:46,221 INSTITUTE AT THE NIH THAT 289 00:10:46,221 --> 00:10:46,888 HANDLES INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, 290 00:10:46,888 --> 00:10:49,724 GLOBAL HEALTH, GLOBAL RESEARCH. 291 00:10:49,724 --> 00:10:52,026 AND ROGER GLASS WAS THE 292 00:10:52,026 --> 00:10:53,795 LONG-TIME DIRECTOR OF THE 293 00:10:53,795 --> 00:10:55,430 FOGARTY, AND THEN RETIRED A 294 00:10:55,430 --> 00:10:58,366 COUPLE YEARS AGO, AND THEN PETER 295 00:10:58,366 --> 00:11:00,468 KILMARX BECAME THE ACTING 296 00:11:00,468 --> 00:11:02,537 DIRECTOR, WHO WAS ROGER'S 297 00:11:02,537 --> 00:11:03,138 DEPUTY. 298 00:11:03,138 --> 00:11:04,405 AND THEN WITHIN THE PAST MONTH 299 00:11:04,405 --> 00:11:09,444 OR SO, KATHLEEN NEUZIL WAS 300 00:11:09,444 --> 00:11:10,745 APPOINTED AS THE PERMANENT 301 00:11:10,745 --> 00:11:12,614 DIRECTOR OF THE FOGARTY. 302 00:11:12,614 --> 00:11:15,650 AND DR. NEUZIL IS AN INFECTIOUS 303 00:11:15,650 --> 00:11:16,684 DISEASE SPECIALIST BY BACKGROUND 304 00:11:16,684 --> 00:11:18,052 AND SHE DOES GLOBAL HEALTH. 305 00:11:18,052 --> 00:11:21,890 SHE WAS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF 306 00:11:21,890 --> 00:11:23,858 MARYLAND, AND WAS A PROFESSOR IN 307 00:11:23,858 --> 00:11:24,592 VACCINOLOGY, DIRECTOR OF THE 308 00:11:24,592 --> 00:11:26,027 CENTER FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 309 00:11:26,027 --> 00:11:29,130 AND GLOBAL HEALTH AT THE MEDICAL 310 00:11:29,130 --> 00:11:30,331 SCHOOL, AND ALSO CHIEF OF THE 311 00:11:30,331 --> 00:11:31,966 DIVISION OF GEOGRAPHIC MEDICINE 312 00:11:31,966 --> 00:11:32,167 THERE. 313 00:11:32,167 --> 00:11:33,501 SHE'S BEEN A VACCINE POLICY 314 00:11:33,501 --> 00:11:36,971 ADVISOR WITH THE WHO AND WITH 315 00:11:36,971 --> 00:11:39,507 THE CDC AND JUST HAS A LOT OF 316 00:11:39,507 --> 00:11:40,909 EXPERIENCE IN THIS AREA. 317 00:11:40,909 --> 00:11:44,445 SO WE'VE HAD WE'VE HAD A LOT OF 318 00:11:44,445 --> 00:11:46,881 TOUCH POINTS WITH THE FOGARTY 319 00:11:46,881 --> 00:11:48,049 BECAUSE OF GLOBAL HEALTH IRK EUS 320 00:11:48,049 --> 00:11:49,918 WE DO IN VISION, AND REALLY 321 00:11:49,918 --> 00:11:51,019 EXCITED ABOUT KATHLEEN, I'M 322 00:11:51,019 --> 00:11:52,787 STARTING TO GET TO KNOW HER. 323 00:11:52,787 --> 00:11:53,855 THE SECOND ONE TO LET YOU KNOW 324 00:11:53,855 --> 00:11:55,056 ABOUT IS JOSH GORDON. 325 00:11:55,056 --> 00:11:57,792 HE'S BEEN THE DIRECTOR OF THE 326 00:11:57,792 --> 00:11:59,794 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL 327 00:11:59,794 --> 00:12:00,962 HEALTH FOR EIGHT YEARS NOW, AND 328 00:12:00,962 --> 00:12:04,899 HE RECENTLY -- SO HE CAME FROM 329 00:12:04,899 --> 00:12:06,000 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, AND THEN IS 330 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:10,538 GOING BACK TO CLEUM BEE A COLUMA 331 00:12:10,538 --> 00:12:11,573 UNIVERSITY AS THE CHAIR OF 332 00:12:11,573 --> 00:12:12,774 PSYCHIATRY AND THE CHIEF OF THE 333 00:12:12,774 --> 00:12:15,510 NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC 334 00:12:15,510 --> 00:12:17,478 INSTITUTE. 335 00:12:17,478 --> 00:12:19,981 AND HE'S GOT SOME OTHER 336 00:12:19,981 --> 00:12:20,615 ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES 337 00:12:20,615 --> 00:12:21,049 THERE. 338 00:12:21,049 --> 00:12:22,617 JOSH HAS REALLY DONE A GREAT JOB 339 00:12:22,617 --> 00:12:28,289 AT NIMH DURING A VERY BUSY TIME 340 00:12:28,289 --> 00:12:29,290 FOR MENTAL HEALTH IN THIS 341 00:12:29,290 --> 00:12:29,824 COUNTRY. 342 00:12:29,824 --> 00:12:30,992 A COUPLE PERSONAL THINGS FOR HIM 343 00:12:30,992 --> 00:12:35,096 IS THAT HE WAS AN MD/PH.D. FROM 344 00:12:35,096 --> 00:12:35,697 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 345 00:12:35,697 --> 00:12:37,365 SAN FRANCISCO WHERE HE DID HIS 346 00:12:37,365 --> 00:12:39,767 PH.D. IN MIKE STRYKER'S LAB, SO 347 00:12:39,767 --> 00:12:42,470 WELL-KNOWN VISION RESEARCH GRO 348 00:12:42,470 --> 00:12:45,940 GROUP. 349 00:12:45,940 --> 00:12:48,543 WHEN YOU START AS AN INSTITUTE 350 00:12:48,543 --> 00:12:49,644 DIRECTOR AT THE NIH YOU ARE 351 00:12:49,644 --> 00:12:51,913 ASSIGNED A MENTOR AND JOSH WAS 352 00:12:51,913 --> 00:12:52,580 MY MENTOR. 353 00:12:52,580 --> 00:12:53,681 SO A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF WHAT 354 00:12:53,681 --> 00:12:57,218 I KNOW HERE IS FROM JOSH. 355 00:12:57,218 --> 00:12:58,920 SO YOU CAN BLAME HIM FOR ALL 356 00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:02,257 THAT STUFF. 357 00:13:02,257 --> 00:13:08,429 BUT BUT HE HAD HIS LAST INSTITUE 358 00:13:08,429 --> 00:13:11,833 DIRECTOR'S MEETING TODAY, AND WE 359 00:13:11,833 --> 00:13:13,034 WILL REALLY MISS JOSH. 360 00:13:13,034 --> 00:13:14,302 WELCOMES OVER HERE, I JUST WANT 361 00:13:14,302 --> 00:13:16,871 TO GIVE A SHOUT OUT TO BRONE. 362 00:13:16,871 --> 00:13:19,941 I CAN'T SEE YOU, BUT CAN YOU 363 00:13:19,941 --> 00:13:23,811 JUST -- OKAY, EVERYBODY ELSE C 364 00:13:23,811 --> 00:13:25,280 CAN -- YEAH, JUST OFFICIALLY 365 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:27,482 WELCOME TO BRONTE. 366 00:13:27,482 --> 00:13:28,883 THANKS FOR STEPPING OUT HERE. 367 00:13:28,883 --> 00:13:30,418 SHE'S THE NEW OPERATIONS 368 00:13:30,418 --> 00:13:35,890 COORDINATOR FOR THE DEA HERE. 369 00:13:35,890 --> 00:13:38,726 THE LAST BULLET POINT HERE IS 370 00:13:38,726 --> 00:13:39,727 EXTRAMURAL. 371 00:13:39,727 --> 00:13:40,929 SO KATHY MENTIONED THAT SHE'S 372 00:13:40,929 --> 00:13:42,563 THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF 373 00:13:42,563 --> 00:13:45,767 EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES AT THE 374 00:13:45,767 --> 00:13:45,967 NEI. 375 00:13:45,967 --> 00:13:49,170 AND YOU KNOW, WHICH BASICALLY 376 00:13:49,170 --> 00:13:52,140 OVERSEES REVIEW AND GRANTS 377 00:13:52,140 --> 00:13:55,510 MANAGEMENT, AND KATHY IS ALSO 378 00:13:55,510 --> 00:13:58,346 THE ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE DESP, 379 00:13:58,346 --> 00:14:01,516 THE DIVISION OF EXTRAMURAL -- 380 00:14:01,516 --> 00:14:04,252 BASICALLY OVERSEES THE PROGRAM 381 00:14:04,252 --> 00:14:05,353 OFFICERS, AND YOU KNOW, I'VE 382 00:14:05,353 --> 00:14:12,927 MADE THE COMMENT ON A PRE-CALL 383 00:14:12,927 --> 00:14:13,695 EARLIER THIS WEEK THAT SOMETIMES 384 00:14:13,695 --> 00:14:16,664 I FEEL LIKE I CAN SEE TOLUCA 385 00:14:16,664 --> 00:14:19,167 THEE BECAUSE SHE'S IN 1 1/2 386 00:14:19,167 --> 00:14:19,934 PLACES AT THE SAME TIME BECAUSE 387 00:14:19,934 --> 00:14:21,269 SHE'S DOING THESE TWO POSITIONS, 388 00:14:21,269 --> 00:14:22,470 BUT WE DO HAVE A SEARCH THAT'S 389 00:14:22,470 --> 00:14:24,973 GOING ON FOR A PERMANENT DESP 390 00:14:24,973 --> 00:14:25,506 DIRECTOR. 391 00:14:25,506 --> 00:14:26,507 IT'S GOING REALLY WELL, AND WE 392 00:14:26,507 --> 00:14:27,475 HOPE TO BE ABLE TO HAVE 393 00:14:27,475 --> 00:14:28,443 SOMETHING TO ANNOUNCE ABOUT THAT 394 00:14:28,443 --> 00:14:30,878 IN THE NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE. 395 00:14:30,878 --> 00:14:33,281 SO IN THE MEANTIME, SANGEETA 396 00:14:33,281 --> 00:14:34,148 BHARGAVA IN THE BACK HAS BEEN 397 00:14:34,148 --> 00:14:36,184 DOING THE ACTING DEPUTY POSITION 398 00:14:36,184 --> 00:14:38,653 IN DESP, SO REALLY JUST 399 00:14:38,653 --> 00:14:40,188 ACKNOWLEDGE WHAT KATHY AND 400 00:14:40,188 --> 00:14:41,723 SANGEETA HAVE BEEN DOING OVER 401 00:14:41,723 --> 00:14:43,291 THE PAST -- COMING ON TWO YEARS 402 00:14:43,291 --> 00:14:46,661 NOW. 403 00:14:46,661 --> 00:14:48,730 SOME AWARDS THAT I WANT TO MAKE 404 00:14:48,730 --> 00:14:53,434 YOU AWARE OF, ONE OF THEM, 405 00:14:53,434 --> 00:14:55,737 LARYSSA HURYN, WHO'S SHOWN ON 406 00:14:55,737 --> 00:14:57,271 THE RIGHT HERE, I GUESS YOU 407 00:14:57,271 --> 00:14:58,840 CAN'T SEE MY POINTER. 408 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:02,410 OKAY, HERE IT IS. 409 00:15:02,410 --> 00:15:04,012 LARYSSA IS ONE OF THE STAFF 410 00:15:04,012 --> 00:15:05,913 CLINICIANS IN OUR CLINICAL 411 00:15:05,913 --> 00:15:08,316 CENTER, AND SHE'S A PEDIATRIC 412 00:15:08,316 --> 00:15:09,417 OPHTHALMOLOGIST AND DOES 413 00:15:09,417 --> 00:15:10,852 GENETICS BY BACKGROUND. 414 00:15:10,852 --> 00:15:14,655 AND SHE RECEIVED THE AAPOS, THE 415 00:15:14,655 --> 00:15:16,324 PEDIATRIC SOCIETY OUTSTANDING 416 00:15:16,324 --> 00:15:19,027 EMERGING LEADER AWARD THIS 417 00:15:19,027 --> 00:15:20,561 PAST -- A FEW MONTHS AGO. 418 00:15:20,561 --> 00:15:22,530 AND I WAS REALLY EXCITED TO SEE 419 00:15:22,530 --> 00:15:26,167 HER RECEIVE THAT AWARD. 420 00:15:26,167 --> 00:15:29,871 CONGRATULATIONS TO LARYSSA. 421 00:15:29,871 --> 00:15:33,908 EMILY CHEW. 422 00:15:33,908 --> 00:15:36,644 AND ANAND SWAROOP. 423 00:15:36,644 --> 00:15:39,280 EMILY RECEIVED THE ARVO 424 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:45,820 PROCTOMEDAL AND ANAND RECEIVED 425 00:15:45,820 --> 00:15:51,192 THE ARVO FRIEDENWALD AWARD. 426 00:15:51,192 --> 00:15:55,897 TWO BEAUTIFUL LECTURES, AND WE 427 00:15:55,897 --> 00:16:01,702 HAD A RECEPTION THAT REALLY 428 00:16:01,702 --> 00:16:02,070 HONORED THEM. 429 00:16:02,070 --> 00:16:03,671 FOR AN INSTITUTION TO HAVE ONE 430 00:16:03,671 --> 00:16:04,872 WINNER OF THESE AWARDS WOULD 431 00:16:04,872 --> 00:16:06,507 HAVE BEEN A BIG DEAL BUT THEN TO 432 00:16:06,507 --> 00:16:08,142 HAVE TWO OF THEM IN THE SAME 433 00:16:08,142 --> 00:16:09,343 YEAR, WE THOUGHT WAS A REAL -- 434 00:16:09,343 --> 00:16:11,012 WAS REALLY EXCITING TO SEE. 435 00:16:11,012 --> 00:16:12,914 SO CONGRATULATIONS TO AN 436 00:16:12,914 --> 00:16:14,148 >> Dr. Anderson: 437 00:16:14,148 --> 00:16:19,754 CONGRATAND ANDCONGRATULATIONS TR 438 00:16:19,754 --> 00:16:20,154 THOSE. 439 00:16:20,154 --> 00:16:22,890 THERE'S A COMMON FUND PROGRAM 440 00:16:22,890 --> 00:16:28,362 THAT'S CALLED COMPLEMENT-ARIE. 441 00:16:28,362 --> 00:16:32,733 IT'S BEING LED BY JONI RUDDER, 442 00:16:32,733 --> 00:16:41,742 DIRECTOR OF NCATS AND RICK 443 00:16:41,742 --> 00:16:44,545 WYCHICK, WHO'S THE DIRECTOR OF 444 00:16:44,545 --> 00:16:46,948 NIEHS. 445 00:16:46,948 --> 00:16:51,085 THE TERM IS A NEW APPROACH, 446 00:16:51,085 --> 00:16:54,255 METHODS, NAMs, THEIR TERM IS 447 00:16:54,255 --> 00:16:59,327 IN VITRO, INSILICO OR CHEMICAL, 448 00:16:59,327 --> 00:17:00,461 OR COMPUTER BASED APPROACHES, 449 00:17:00,461 --> 00:17:02,697 YOU KNOW, ORGANOIDS TO 450 00:17:02,697 --> 00:17:03,798 ACCURATELY MODEL HUMAN BIOLOGY 451 00:17:03,798 --> 00:17:05,199 AND COMPLEMENT OR POTENTIALLY IN 452 00:17:05,199 --> 00:17:07,068 SOME CASES REPLACE TRADITIONAL 453 00:17:07,068 --> 00:17:08,603 RESEARCH MODELS, ANIMAL MODEL, 454 00:17:08,603 --> 00:17:12,740 ET CETERA. 455 00:17:12,740 --> 00:17:14,509 THIS IS -- IT'S BEEN KICKING 456 00:17:14,509 --> 00:17:15,877 OFF, AND ONE OF THE WAYS THEY 457 00:17:15,877 --> 00:17:18,880 KICKED OFF IS WITH A CHALLENGE 458 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:20,148 COMPETITION. 459 00:17:20,148 --> 00:17:23,484 SO THE IDEA WAS TO DEVELOP CROWD 460 00:17:23,484 --> 00:17:25,553 SOURCED IDEAS, AND THEY HAD A 461 00:17:25,553 --> 00:17:26,521 CHALLENGE COMPETITION. 462 00:17:26,521 --> 00:17:32,026 SO THEY CHOSE 20 WINNERS, IF YOU 463 00:17:32,026 --> 00:17:33,427 WILL. 464 00:17:33,427 --> 00:17:35,863 HOW CAN THESE NAMs BE USED TO 465 00:17:35,863 --> 00:17:38,032 CONDUCT BASIC RESEARCH, DISCOVER 466 00:17:38,032 --> 00:17:40,101 DISEASE MECHANISMS, TRANSLATE 467 00:17:40,101 --> 00:17:43,171 SCIENCE INTO PRACTICE, AND THOSE 468 00:17:43,171 --> 00:17:47,008 20 WINNERS WERE ANNOUNCED A 469 00:17:47,008 --> 00:17:49,844 MONTH OR SO AGO, AND ONE OF THE 470 00:17:49,844 --> 00:17:51,579 WINNERS WAS RELEVANT TO THE 471 00:17:51,579 --> 00:17:52,480 VISION FIELD. 472 00:17:52,480 --> 00:17:56,717 SO THE TEAM HERE WAS LED BY 473 00:17:56,717 --> 00:17:59,921 CARLOS RAMON PONCE FROM HARVARD 474 00:17:59,921 --> 00:18:00,888 MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND THEIR 475 00:18:00,888 --> 00:18:04,158 PROJECT WAS CALLED ATHENA-N, 476 00:18:04,158 --> 00:18:07,128 ANALYZING THE HIDDEN ENCODING IN 477 00:18:07,128 --> 00:18:08,062 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. 478 00:18:08,062 --> 00:18:10,198 THE IDEA HERE IS THAT THESE DEEP 479 00:18:10,198 --> 00:18:15,636 NEURAL NETWORKS HAVE HAD 480 00:18:15,636 --> 00:18:16,971 EXTRAORDINARY ACCURACY IN TERM 481 00:18:16,971 --> 00:18:20,641 OF IMAGE RECOGNITION, BUT ONE OF 482 00:18:20,641 --> 00:18:21,976 THE CHALLENGES IS THAT NOBODY 483 00:18:21,976 --> 00:18:22,977 REALLY KNOWS WHAT'S UNDER THE 484 00:18:22,977 --> 00:18:24,078 HOOD, HOW THESE ACTUALLY WORK 485 00:18:24,078 --> 00:18:25,813 AND WHAT FACTORS THEY'RE LOOKING 486 00:18:25,813 --> 00:18:25,980 AT. 487 00:18:25,980 --> 00:18:28,616 AND SO WHAT THIS PROJECT PROPOSE 488 00:18:28,616 --> 00:18:31,052 TODAY DO IS REALLY KIND OF 489 00:18:31,052 --> 00:18:32,153 DEMYSTIFYING THESE MODELS BY 490 00:18:32,153 --> 00:18:33,821 LOOKING UNDER THAT HOOD AND 491 00:18:33,821 --> 00:18:36,457 THEY'RE USING VISUAL INFORMATION 492 00:18:36,457 --> 00:18:38,292 PROCESSING AS A USE CASE FOR 493 00:18:38,292 --> 00:18:40,928 THAT. 494 00:18:40,928 --> 00:18:42,129 SO LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING WHAT 495 00:18:42,129 --> 00:18:44,632 COMES OF THIS, BUT THE MORE 496 00:18:44,632 --> 00:18:45,933 BROAD THINGS I WANT TO MAKE SURE 497 00:18:45,933 --> 00:18:46,701 YOU KNOW IS THAT TO PEOPLE IN 498 00:18:46,701 --> 00:18:47,702 THE VISION COMMUNITY WHO ARE 499 00:18:47,702 --> 00:18:49,237 INTERESTED IN THESE NOVEL 500 00:18:49,237 --> 00:18:50,538 MODELS, THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF 501 00:18:50,538 --> 00:18:54,041 WORK IN ORGANOIDS AND COMPUTER 502 00:18:54,041 --> 00:18:55,810 MODELS, AND JUST KEEP AN EYE OUT 503 00:18:55,810 --> 00:18:58,312 FOR THIS COMPLEMENTARY COMMON 504 00:18:58,312 --> 00:18:59,513 FUND PROJECT HERE. 505 00:18:59,513 --> 00:19:04,418 SO THAT'S COMING UP. 506 00:19:04,418 --> 00:19:05,953 I WANT TO GO THROUGH JUST A 507 00:19:05,953 --> 00:19:08,589 COUPLE HIGHLIGHTS IN TERMS OF 508 00:19:08,589 --> 00:19:10,124 RESEARCH. 509 00:19:10,124 --> 00:19:12,493 AND ONE OF THEM INVOLVES -- SO 510 00:19:12,493 --> 00:19:14,228 ONE INTRAMURAL PROJECT, ONE 511 00:19:14,228 --> 00:19:16,797 EXTRAMURAL PROJECT. 512 00:19:16,797 --> 00:19:20,201 AND THIS ONE INVOLVES GENE 513 00:19:20,201 --> 00:19:21,168 ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN AMD 514 00:19:21,168 --> 00:19:25,339 AND THE LEAD AUTHORS ARE 515 00:19:25,339 --> 00:19:31,178 JAYSHREE ADVANI AND ANANDSWAROOP 516 00:19:31,178 --> 00:19:33,314 FROM OUR INTRAMURAL PRAK AT NEI. 517 00:19:33,314 --> 00:19:35,516 SO THE CHALLENGE HERE IS THAT 518 00:19:35,516 --> 00:19:36,817 THERE'S A LOT OF GENES THAT HAVE 519 00:19:36,817 --> 00:19:38,019 BEEN LINKED TO DEVELOPING AMD 520 00:19:38,019 --> 00:19:38,986 BUT THE MECHANISM AND 521 00:19:38,986 --> 00:19:41,622 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESE GENES 522 00:19:41,622 --> 00:19:42,790 REALLY ISN'T ALWAYS -- IT'S THAT 523 00:19:42,790 --> 00:19:44,358 THING LIKE IN OUR STRATEGIC PLAN 524 00:19:44,358 --> 00:19:45,326 FROM GENES TO DISEASE 525 00:19:45,326 --> 00:19:47,528 MECHANISMS. 526 00:19:47,528 --> 00:19:50,464 SO ANAND'S GROUP IS DOING A LOT 527 00:19:50,464 --> 00:19:52,333 OF WORK IN THIS AREA AND HE'S 528 00:19:52,333 --> 00:19:53,334 GOTTEN PARTICULARLY INTERESTED 529 00:19:53,334 --> 00:19:54,835 IN GENE ENVIRONMENT 530 00:19:54,835 --> 00:19:56,370 INTERACTIONS, BUT WHAT 531 00:19:56,370 --> 00:19:58,806 THEY'VE -- WHAT THE GROUP DID IS 532 00:19:58,806 --> 00:20:02,076 THEY LOOKED AT DNA METHYLATION 533 00:20:02,076 --> 00:20:08,749 PROFILES, SO 160 DONOR RETINAS, 534 00:20:08,749 --> 00:20:10,618 LOOKED AT THESE METHYLATION 535 00:20:10,618 --> 00:20:12,787 PROFILES ALSO WITH COMEASURED 536 00:20:12,787 --> 00:20:16,123 FACTORS, THINGS LIKE GENOTYPED 537 00:20:16,123 --> 00:20:19,360 RNA SEQ DATA, 3D DNA STRUCTURE 538 00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:26,267 DATA, AND FROM THAT, IDENTIFIEDT 539 00:20:26,267 --> 00:20:28,903 GENES BASICALLY, WHERE DNA 540 00:20:28,903 --> 00:20:30,604 METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION 541 00:20:30,604 --> 00:20:34,342 CHANGES SEEMED LIKELY TO MEDIATE 542 00:20:34,342 --> 00:20:40,581 THE GENOTYPE EFFECT ON AMD 543 00:20:40,581 --> 00:20:41,148 PROGRESSION AND DISEASE 544 00:20:41,148 --> 00:20:41,482 PATHOLOGY. 545 00:20:41,482 --> 00:20:43,451 SO WHAT DO WE TAKE FROM THIS? 546 00:20:43,451 --> 00:20:45,953 ONE OF THEM, IT SEEMS LIKE THE 547 00:20:45,953 --> 00:20:46,954 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE 548 00:20:46,954 --> 00:20:48,255 IMMUNE RESPONSE AND METABOLISM 549 00:20:48,255 --> 00:20:50,057 MAY BE INVOLVED IN AMD PATHOLOGY 550 00:20:50,057 --> 00:20:51,625 AND I THINK MORE BROADLY THAN 551 00:20:51,625 --> 00:20:53,260 THAT, THIS OBVIOUSLY HELPS 552 00:20:53,260 --> 00:20:54,161 PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDER 553 00:20:54,161 --> 00:20:57,431 AND STING REGULATION OF AMD 554 00:20:57,431 --> 00:20:59,266 PATHOLOGY BY THESE GENE 555 00:20:59,266 --> 00:21:00,935 ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN THE 556 00:21:00,935 --> 00:21:02,169 RETINA, AND REALLY HOPEFULLY 557 00:21:02,169 --> 00:21:04,538 PROVIDE A PIPELINE FOR 558 00:21:04,538 --> 00:21:06,574 UNDERSTANDING OTHER COMPLEX 559 00:21:06,574 --> 00:21:07,508 DISEASES. 560 00:21:07,508 --> 00:21:10,578 SO CONGRATULATIONS TO JAYSHREE 561 00:21:10,578 --> 00:21:12,413 AND ANAND. 562 00:21:12,413 --> 00:21:13,848 AND THE OTHER THING THAT I WANT 563 00:21:13,848 --> 00:21:17,151 TO HIGHLIGHT HERE IS THE 564 00:21:17,151 --> 00:21:21,389 BRILLIANCE STUDY. 565 00:21:21,389 --> 00:21:24,024 THIS WAS ONLY MI MINIMALLY FUNDD 566 00:21:24,024 --> 00:21:26,227 BY NEI AND REALLY FUNDED THROUGH 567 00:21:26,227 --> 00:21:27,194 INDUSTRY, BUT OF COURSE THE 568 00:21:27,194 --> 00:21:29,397 PIs ARE WELL-KNOWN TO THE NEI 569 00:21:29,397 --> 00:21:33,534 COMMUNITY, AND THEY'VE BEEN IN 570 00:21:33,534 --> 00:21:35,503 OUR GROUP FOR A LONG TIME. 571 00:21:35,503 --> 00:21:40,207 ERIC PIERCE, MARK PENNESI AND 572 00:21:40,207 --> 00:21:41,409 TOMAS ALEMAN. 573 00:21:41,409 --> 00:21:44,678 BUT I THOUGHT IT WAS REALLY 574 00:21:44,678 --> 00:21:47,581 TIMELY THAT THIS WAS PUBLISHED 575 00:21:47,581 --> 00:21:48,983 IN THE NAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 576 00:21:48,983 --> 00:21:52,353 AND IT CAME OUT DURING ARVO. 577 00:21:52,353 --> 00:21:55,189 BUT THE CHALLENGE IS THAT IS 578 00:21:55,189 --> 00:22:00,828 THERE'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT TYP 579 00:22:00,828 --> 00:22:02,263 TYPES -- ONE THAT'S CALLED BY 580 00:22:02,263 --> 00:22:04,832 MUTATIONS IN THE CEP290 GENE. 581 00:22:04,832 --> 00:22:07,435 AND SO THEIR APPROACH IS GENE 582 00:22:07,435 --> 00:22:10,271 EDITING, CHR CRISPR, AND THIS 583 00:22:10,271 --> 00:22:14,775 METHODOLOGY WAS DEVELOPED BY 584 00:22:14,775 --> 00:22:16,744 EDITAS MEDICINE WHO WAS THE ONE 585 00:22:16,744 --> 00:22:18,045 WHO FUNDED THE STUDY AND THEY'VE 586 00:22:18,045 --> 00:22:20,781 GOT THIS SO CALLED EDIT-101 587 00:22:20,781 --> 00:22:21,215 TREATMENT. 588 00:22:21,215 --> 00:22:22,983 BUT BASICALLY THEIR GROUP, THIS 589 00:22:22,983 --> 00:22:25,986 WAS A PHASE 1/PHASE 2 STUDY, 11 590 00:22:25,986 --> 00:22:27,521 PEOPLE, AND THEY LOOKED AT 591 00:22:27,521 --> 00:22:34,061 OUTCOMES LIKE VISUAL ACUITY, 592 00:22:34,061 --> 00:22:35,596 DARK-ADAPTED FULL-FIELD STIMULUS 593 00:22:35,596 --> 00:22:36,797 TESTING AND FUNCTIONAL 594 00:22:36,797 --> 00:22:38,232 NAVIGATION, AND OF THE 14 595 00:22:38,232 --> 00:22:39,633 PEOPLE, 11 OF THEM SHOWED 596 00:22:39,633 --> 00:22:40,634 IMPROVEMENT IN AT LEAST ONE OF 597 00:22:40,634 --> 00:22:41,902 THOSE OUTCOMES, SO THIS WAS 598 00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:42,670 SIGNIFICANT OBVIOUSLY BECAUSE 599 00:22:42,670 --> 00:22:45,339 THIS WAS THE FIRST IN VIVO 600 00:22:45,339 --> 00:22:47,842 DEMONSTRATION IN PEOPLE OF 601 00:22:47,842 --> 00:22:50,044 CRISPR BASED GENE THERAPY. 602 00:22:50,044 --> 00:22:51,011 SO REALLY OBVIOUSLY VERY 603 00:22:51,011 --> 00:22:55,616 EXCITING WORK. 604 00:22:55,616 --> 00:22:58,018 SO WITH THAT, LET ME TELL YOU 605 00:22:58,018 --> 00:22:59,286 ABOUT SOME OF THE THINGS THAT 606 00:22:59,286 --> 00:23:01,722 HAVE BEEN HAPPENING HERE AT THE 607 00:23:01,722 --> 00:23:03,257 NEI SINCE THE LAST COUNCIL 608 00:23:03,257 --> 00:23:05,025 MEETING. 609 00:23:05,025 --> 00:23:09,497 I WANT TO START WITH MISSION. 610 00:23:09,497 --> 00:23:11,699 THAT OUR MISSION IS TO ELIMINATE 611 00:23:11,699 --> 00:23:12,700 VISION LOSS AND IMPROVE QUALITY 612 00:23:12,700 --> 00:23:13,868 OF LIFE THROUGH VISION RESEARCH. 613 00:23:13,868 --> 00:23:16,370 I WANT TO ORGANIZE OUR REMARKS 614 00:23:16,370 --> 00:23:19,139 BASED ON THE FOUR CORNERSTONES 615 00:23:19,139 --> 00:23:19,874 OF THIS MISSION STATEMENT. 616 00:23:19,874 --> 00:23:21,642 SO HOW DO WE ACHIEVE THIS? 617 00:23:21,642 --> 00:23:23,143 WE PROVIDE LEADERSHIP IN FOUR 618 00:23:23,143 --> 00:23:24,278 AREAS. 619 00:23:24,278 --> 00:23:26,013 DRIVE INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, 620 00:23:26,013 --> 00:23:28,315 FOSTER COLLABORATIONS, RECRUIT, 621 00:23:28,315 --> 00:23:30,184 INSPIRE AND TRAIN TALENTED AND 622 00:23:30,184 --> 00:23:31,919 DIVERSE PEOPLE TO STRENGTHEN THE 623 00:23:31,919 --> 00:23:33,120 VISION WORKFORCE, AND THEN 624 00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:34,221 EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT WHAT WE DO 625 00:23:34,221 --> 00:23:35,422 AND WHY IT'S IMPORTANT. 626 00:23:35,422 --> 00:23:37,591 SO I'LL GO THROUGH EACH OF THOSE 627 00:23:37,591 --> 00:23:40,127 BULLET POINTS AND GIVE A COUPLE 628 00:23:40,127 --> 00:23:42,096 EXAMPLES OF THINGS THAT HAVE 629 00:23:42,096 --> 00:23:46,033 BEEN GOING ON HERE. 630 00:23:46,033 --> 00:23:47,668 NUMBER ONE, DRIVE INNOVATIVE 631 00:23:47,668 --> 00:23:48,369 RESEARCH. 632 00:23:48,369 --> 00:23:49,970 NOW, I THINK ALL OF YOU KNOW 633 00:23:49,970 --> 00:23:51,071 THAT REGENERATIVE MEDICINE HAS 634 00:23:51,071 --> 00:23:53,173 BEEN SOMETHING THAT WE'VE BEEN 635 00:23:53,173 --> 00:23:55,409 INTERESTED IN FOR A WHILE HERE 636 00:23:55,409 --> 00:23:57,645 AT THE NEI, AND IN OUR STRATEGIC 637 00:23:57,645 --> 00:24:01,448 PLANNING PROCESS, A THING THAT 638 00:24:01,448 --> 00:24:04,618 CAME UP TO THE TOP IN TERMS OF 639 00:24:04,618 --> 00:24:06,687 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES WAS 640 00:24:06,687 --> 00:24:09,123 EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES. 641 00:24:09,123 --> 00:24:11,392 SO IN THE FALL OF 2023, WE HELD 642 00:24:11,392 --> 00:24:13,928 A WORKSHOP TO LOOK AT 643 00:24:13,928 --> 00:24:14,428 EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES. 644 00:24:14,428 --> 00:24:15,763 NOW THE TWO PEOPLE WHO CHAIRED 645 00:24:15,763 --> 00:24:19,400 THE WORKSHOP WERE ALYSSA WEAVER 646 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:24,104 AT VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY AND ALI 647 00:24:24,104 --> 00:24:25,839 DJALILIAN AT UNIVERSITY OF 648 00:24:25,839 --> 00:24:26,240 ILLINOIS-CHICAGO. 649 00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:27,608 THE TWO PEOPLE AT NEI THAT 650 00:24:27,608 --> 00:24:28,909 REALLY ORGANIZED THIS WERE -- 651 00:24:28,909 --> 00:24:31,412 DOWN AT THE BOTTOM YOU'LL SEE 652 00:24:31,412 --> 00:24:34,281 ASHLEY FORTRESS AND HONGMAN 653 00:24:34,281 --> 00:24:34,848 SONG. 654 00:24:34,848 --> 00:24:35,683 THE TWO OF THEM DID A GREAT JOB 655 00:24:35,683 --> 00:24:37,084 OF GETTING PEOPLE TOGETHER IN 656 00:24:37,084 --> 00:24:37,551 THE COMMUNITY. 657 00:24:37,551 --> 00:24:38,752 SOME OF THESE PEOPLE WERE VISION 658 00:24:38,752 --> 00:24:40,821 PEOPLE, SOME WERE NOT IN THE 659 00:24:40,821 --> 00:24:41,822 VISION COMMUNITY AT ALL. 660 00:24:41,822 --> 00:24:43,591 SO THE GOAL OF THIS WORKSHOP WAS 661 00:24:43,591 --> 00:24:44,992 BASICALLY TO IDENTIFY 662 00:24:44,992 --> 00:24:46,727 OPPORTUNITIES IN THE AREA. 663 00:24:46,727 --> 00:24:50,230 AND THERE'S A WHITE PAPER THAT'S 664 00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:51,265 FORTHCOMING SO STAY TUNED FOR 665 00:24:51,265 --> 00:24:54,401 THAT. 666 00:24:54,401 --> 00:24:56,036 BUT ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS I 667 00:24:56,036 --> 00:24:58,005 WANT TO LET YOU KNOW ABOUT IN 668 00:24:58,005 --> 00:25:01,942 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE IS THAT 669 00:25:01,942 --> 00:25:04,878 THE 21ST CENTURY CURES ACT HAD 670 00:25:04,878 --> 00:25:06,280 FOUR SO-CALLED INNOVATION 671 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:06,981 PROJECTS. 672 00:25:06,981 --> 00:25:09,817 ONE OF THEM WAS ALL-OF-US, ONE 673 00:25:09,817 --> 00:25:12,019 WAS THE BO BIDEN CANCER 674 00:25:12,019 --> 00:25:13,320 MOONSHOT, ONE WAS THE BRAIN 675 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:14,555 INITIATIVE AND THE FOURTH ONE 676 00:25:14,555 --> 00:25:18,258 WAS THE RMI PD REGENERATIVE 677 00:25:18,258 --> 00:25:19,860 MEDICINE INNOVATION PROJECT. 678 00:25:19,860 --> 00:25:21,195 THIS REALLY LOOKED AT STEM CELL 679 00:25:21,195 --> 00:25:22,396 APPROACHES TO DISEASE, AND IT 680 00:25:22,396 --> 00:25:24,465 WAS DONE IN COLLABORATION WITH 681 00:25:24,465 --> 00:25:26,200 THE FDA. 682 00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:28,636 SO THIS IS NOW GOING BACK 683 00:25:28,636 --> 00:25:33,641 SEVERAL -- I THE LAST OF THESE E 684 00:25:33,641 --> 00:25:37,177 RMIP PROJECTS, THE LAST WAS 685 00:25:37,177 --> 00:25:38,679 FUNDED I THINK IN 2021. 686 00:25:38,679 --> 00:25:40,114 AND I DID WANT TO GIVE A CALL 687 00:25:40,114 --> 00:25:42,182 OUT TO THOSE 20 PROJECTS THAT 688 00:25:42,182 --> 00:25:42,950 WERE FUNDED, FIVE OF THEM 689 00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:46,687 RELATED TO EYE DISEASE. 690 00:25:46,687 --> 00:25:52,259 CORNEAL EYE DISEASE, GENE 691 00:25:52,259 --> 00:25:54,662 EDITING, RP TRANSPLANTATION, DRY 692 00:25:54,662 --> 00:25:55,629 AMD, CORNEAL REGENERATION. 693 00:25:55,629 --> 00:25:57,398 SO I REALLY JUST ALWAYS THOUGHT 694 00:25:57,398 --> 00:25:58,198 THAT WAS AN INDICATION OF HOW 695 00:25:58,198 --> 00:25:59,867 MUCH OF A FOOTHOLD WE HAVE IN 696 00:25:59,867 --> 00:26:01,669 THE VISION FIELD IN REGENERATIVE 697 00:26:01,669 --> 00:26:02,736 MEDICINE. 698 00:26:02,736 --> 00:26:05,139 BUT THE QUESTION OBVIOUSLY IS 699 00:26:05,139 --> 00:26:09,543 WHAT'S NEXT. 700 00:26:09,543 --> 00:26:11,812 SO WE'VE BEEN WORKING WITH 701 00:26:11,812 --> 00:26:13,047 NIAMS, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 702 00:26:13,047 --> 00:26:15,416 ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL 703 00:26:15,416 --> 00:26:17,851 DISEASE, BUT TO REALLY LOOK AT 704 00:26:17,851 --> 00:26:19,053 THIS. 705 00:26:19,053 --> 00:26:24,525 AND WE IN THIS CASE REALLY MEANS 706 00:26:24,525 --> 00:26:26,827 SANTA TUMMINIA, YOU DON'T NEED 707 00:26:26,827 --> 00:26:29,096 TO LOOK AT HER PICTURE, YOU CAN 708 00:26:29,096 --> 00:26:30,097 SEE HER RIGHT HERE. 709 00:26:30,097 --> 00:26:31,065 SANTA HAS BEEN DOING A LOT OF 710 00:26:31,065 --> 00:26:33,033 WORK WITH HER COUNTERPART IN 711 00:26:33,033 --> 00:26:34,568 NIAMS, WHO'S BOB CARTER, SHOWN 712 00:26:34,568 --> 00:26:37,638 ON THE BOTTOM RIGHT OF THIS 713 00:26:37,638 --> 00:26:39,606 SLIDE. 714 00:26:39,606 --> 00:26:41,041 SO WHAT THEY'VE BEEN TALKING 715 00:26:41,041 --> 00:26:43,210 ABOUT, THIS HAS BEEN GOING ON 716 00:26:43,210 --> 00:26:44,645 FOR ABOUT A YEAR THAT THEY'VE 717 00:26:44,645 --> 00:26:48,348 BEEN HAVING THESE CONVERSATIONS, 718 00:26:48,348 --> 00:26:52,086 SO WHAT'S NEXT AFTER RMIP, AND 719 00:26:52,086 --> 00:26:55,355 IS IT FEASIBLE TO CREATE A 720 00:26:55,355 --> 00:26:56,690 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 721 00:26:56,690 --> 00:27:00,627 INVOLVING CELL-BASED THERAPIES? 722 00:27:00,627 --> 00:27:02,096 I HOPE ALL OF YOU KNOW THAT OVER 723 00:27:02,096 --> 00:27:04,465 THE PAST ABOUT TWO, THREE YEARS 724 00:27:04,465 --> 00:27:07,167 AGO, WE DID A LOT OF WORK IN 725 00:27:07,167 --> 00:27:08,936 EVOLVE AGO PUBLIC-PRIVATE 726 00:27:08,936 --> 00:27:13,841 PARTNERSHIP IN GENE THERAPY. 727 00:27:13,841 --> 00:27:20,714 THE AMP BESPOKE GENE THERAPY 728 00:27:20,714 --> 00:27:21,014 CONSORTIUM. 729 00:27:21,014 --> 00:27:22,182 SO THE QUESTION IS COULD THERE 730 00:27:22,182 --> 00:27:23,917 BE SOMETHING ANALOGOUS THAT WE 731 00:27:23,917 --> 00:27:27,087 BUILD IN CELL-BASED THERAPIES. 732 00:27:27,087 --> 00:27:29,923 BACK IN THE FALL, NOVEMBER OF 733 00:27:29,923 --> 00:27:39,333 2023, WE HOSTED A WORKSHOP, NI 734 00:27:39,333 --> 00:27:41,101 NIAMS AND THE FDA. 735 00:27:41,101 --> 00:27:42,302 THE HOPE IS THAT WE'RE GOING TO 736 00:27:42,302 --> 00:27:43,604 HAVE A RESEARCH PLAN THAT'S 737 00:27:43,604 --> 00:27:44,705 COMING UP OVER THE NEXT FOUR TO 738 00:27:44,705 --> 00:27:45,472 SIX MONTHS. 739 00:27:45,472 --> 00:27:46,440 SO STAY TUNED FOR THIS. 740 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:48,208 AND THE POINT -- I JUST WANT TO 741 00:27:48,208 --> 00:27:49,409 MAKE SURE THAT YOU KNOW THAT WE 742 00:27:49,409 --> 00:27:50,811 ARE INTERESTED IN REGENERATIVE 743 00:27:50,811 --> 00:27:52,913 MEDICINE AND TRYING TO FIGURE 744 00:27:52,913 --> 00:27:58,252 OUT WHAT CAN WE DO NEXT IN THIS 745 00:27:58,252 --> 00:27:59,887 AREA. 746 00:27:59,887 --> 00:28:02,089 ANOTHER -- PROJECT I WANT TO 747 00:28:02,089 --> 00:28:04,158 MAKE SURE YOU KNOW ABOUT IS 748 00:28:04,158 --> 00:28:04,591 EYEGENE STAGE III. 749 00:28:04,591 --> 00:28:07,995 YOU KNOW THAT WE TALKED ABOUT, 750 00:28:07,995 --> 00:28:09,496 AT THE LAST -- AT THE LAST 751 00:28:09,496 --> 00:28:11,999 COUNCIL MEETING, I TALKED ABOUT 752 00:28:11,999 --> 00:28:16,069 A WORKSHOP THAT WE HAD INVOLVING 753 00:28:16,069 --> 00:28:16,870 EYEGENE. 754 00:28:16,870 --> 00:28:20,307 NOW THAT'S REALLY LED TO STAGE 755 00:28:20,307 --> 00:28:20,808 THREE. 756 00:28:20,808 --> 00:28:23,877 SO WE'RE STARTING TO RE-OPEN 757 00:28:23,877 --> 00:28:25,846 ENROLLMENT AND A NEW DATA 758 00:28:25,846 --> 00:28:26,280 COLLECTION PROTOCOL. 759 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:27,815 SO THIS DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL 760 00:28:27,815 --> 00:28:30,083 IS INTENDED TO FOCUS ON 761 00:28:30,083 --> 00:28:31,752 CONDITIONS THAT ARE 762 00:28:31,752 --> 00:28:33,720 UNDERREPRESENTED IN CURRENT 763 00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:34,087 DATABASES. 764 00:28:34,087 --> 00:28:36,757 SO THE GOAL OF EYEGENE STAGE III 765 00:28:36,757 --> 00:28:38,325 IS NOT TO COMPETE WITH ANY OTHER 766 00:28:38,325 --> 00:28:40,594 DATABASES THAT ARE OUT THERE IN 767 00:28:40,594 --> 00:28:44,865 THIS, BUT WE TRY TO IDENTIFY 768 00:28:44,865 --> 00:28:47,267 AREAS WHERE -- THE DISEASES THAT 769 00:28:47,267 --> 00:28:49,002 AREN'T CURRENTLY REPRESENTED, 770 00:28:49,002 --> 00:28:50,337 AND SO SOME OF THESE EXAMPLES 771 00:28:50,337 --> 00:28:55,475 ARE SHOWN HERE ON THIS SLIDE. 772 00:28:55,475 --> 00:28:57,878 ANIRIDIA, BEST DISEASE, CORNEAL 773 00:28:57,878 --> 00:29:01,048 DYSTROPHIES AND OTHER 774 00:29:01,048 --> 00:29:04,751 HYPOPIGMENTATION DISORDERS. 775 00:29:04,751 --> 00:29:09,022 OCULOCUTANEOUS AND OCULAR 776 00:29:09,022 --> 00:29:09,356 ALBINISM. 777 00:29:09,356 --> 00:29:11,024 ONE OF THE GOALS OF THIS IS TO 778 00:29:11,024 --> 00:29:11,892 INCREASE ACCESSIBILITY TO THE 779 00:29:11,892 --> 00:29:12,626 PARTICIPANTS THEMSELVES. 780 00:29:12,626 --> 00:29:15,262 IN OTHER WORDS, GET THEM 781 00:29:15,262 --> 00:29:17,130 INVOLVED IN HELPING TO UPLOAD 782 00:29:17,130 --> 00:29:17,898 THE DATA. 783 00:29:17,898 --> 00:29:20,834 AND SO WE'RE STARTING TO PILOT 784 00:29:20,834 --> 00:29:24,338 THINGS LIKE ELECTRONIC CONSENT 785 00:29:24,338 --> 00:29:26,440 FORMS, MAILED DNA SALIVA KITS, 786 00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:28,709 DNA COLLECTION KITS THROUGH 787 00:29:28,709 --> 00:29:30,143 SALIVA, AND THE PEOPLE WHO ARE 788 00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:34,414 REALLY LEADING THIS WORK ARE 789 00:29:34,414 --> 00:29:39,786 SANTA, KERRY GOETZ WHO'S IN THE 790 00:29:39,786 --> 00:29:43,624 BACK HERE, ERIKA NELSON AND 791 00:29:43,624 --> 00:29:44,925 MELISSA REEVES. 792 00:29:44,925 --> 00:29:47,661 THE OTHER THING THIS GROUP HAS 793 00:29:47,661 --> 00:29:49,062 REALLY EXPLORED IS ADDING 794 00:29:49,062 --> 00:29:50,163 IMAGING. 795 00:29:50,163 --> 00:29:51,798 SO TO THE DATA COLLECTION 796 00:29:51,798 --> 00:29:53,000 OBVIOUSLY WE'VE GOT CLINICAL 797 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:54,768 DATA, WE'VE GOT GENETIC DATA, 798 00:29:54,768 --> 00:29:56,103 IMAGE DATA, AND THEY'VE HAD A 799 00:29:56,103 --> 00:29:59,907 LOT OF CONVERSATIONS WITH, IN 800 00:29:59,907 --> 00:30:02,075 PARTICULAR, VERILY, WITH A 801 00:30:02,075 --> 00:30:04,478 PORTABLE CAMERA THAT THEY'VE 802 00:30:04,478 --> 00:30:09,950 VELLEVDEVELOPED, SO STAY TUNED, 803 00:30:09,950 --> 00:30:11,285 THERE'S A LOT OF WHAT I THINK IS 804 00:30:11,285 --> 00:30:13,453 EXCITING WORK INVOLVING EYEGENE. 805 00:30:13,453 --> 00:30:15,122 I WANT TO FOLLOW UP ON THIS 806 00:30:15,122 --> 00:30:16,857 SLIDE ON AN NEI ACCESSIBILITY 807 00:30:16,857 --> 00:30:17,357 INITIATIVE. 808 00:30:17,357 --> 00:30:21,328 SO THIS HAS BEEN DISCUSSED, 809 00:30:21,328 --> 00:30:22,663 SHERRY WIGS GAVE THE CONCEPT 810 00:30:22,663 --> 00:30:24,298 CLEARANCE WITHIN THE PAST YEAR, 811 00:30:24,298 --> 00:30:25,832 AND I WANT TO FOLLOW UP AND SAY 812 00:30:25,832 --> 00:30:30,971 THAT THIS IS NOW ON THE STREET, 813 00:30:30,971 --> 00:30:34,841 SO CHERI, WE LEARNED A LOT FROM 814 00:30:34,841 --> 00:30:38,445 COUNCIL ABOUT THIS TOPIC OF 815 00:30:38,445 --> 00:30:39,980 ACCESSIBILITY BY PEOPLE WITH 816 00:30:39,980 --> 00:30:42,983 VISUAL DISABILITIES. 817 00:30:42,983 --> 00:30:45,485 AND IN FACT, CHERI TOOK A LOT OF 818 00:30:45,485 --> 00:30:47,020 INITIATIVE IN THIS, IN FACT, ONE 819 00:30:47,020 --> 00:30:48,422 DAY SHE JUST SHOWED UP AND SAID 820 00:30:48,422 --> 00:30:52,759 I CREATED THIS INITIATIVE. 821 00:30:52,759 --> 00:30:53,860 THAT'S AWESOME, AND THAT'S HOW 822 00:30:53,860 --> 00:30:55,929 IT PLAYED OUT TO ME. 823 00:30:55,929 --> 00:30:58,332 AND SO I LOVE THAT. 824 00:30:58,332 --> 00:30:59,866 AND -- BUT LET ME JUST SORT OF 825 00:30:59,866 --> 00:31:00,834 REFRESH YOUR MEMORY ABOUT WHAT 826 00:31:00,834 --> 00:31:02,703 THIS IS, BECAUSE I SEE I'M GOING 827 00:31:02,703 --> 00:31:03,804 TO HAVE A COUPLE QUESTIONS FOR 828 00:31:03,804 --> 00:31:06,873 THE COUNCIL ABOUT THIS. 829 00:31:06,873 --> 00:31:10,210 SO THIS IS AN R61/R33 MECHANISM 830 00:31:10,210 --> 00:31:11,912 AND THE TITLE IS NEI RESEARCH 831 00:31:11,912 --> 00:31:14,014 FOR LOW VISION AND BLINDNESS 832 00:31:14,014 --> 00:31:17,718 ACCESSIBILITY TOOLS. 833 00:31:17,718 --> 00:31:21,722 SO THE AIM OF THIS IS TO DEVELOP 834 00:31:21,722 --> 00:31:23,156 AND/OR IMPLEMENT ACCESSIBILITY 835 00:31:23,156 --> 00:31:24,691 DEVICES AND INTERVENTIONS FOR 836 00:31:24,691 --> 00:31:27,427 PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS. 837 00:31:27,427 --> 00:31:30,263 AND THE GOAL OF THIS IS TO BUILD 838 00:31:30,263 --> 00:31:31,498 MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS. 839 00:31:31,498 --> 00:31:35,869 WE ALL KNOW -- OF COURSE 840 00:31:35,869 --> 00:31:37,371 OPHTHALMOLOGISTS, OPTOMETRISTS, 841 00:31:37,371 --> 00:31:38,939 REHABILITATION SPECIALISTS, 842 00:31:38,939 --> 00:31:40,974 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, ERGONOMICS, 843 00:31:40,974 --> 00:31:41,875 ENGINEERS, BUT THE ONE THING 844 00:31:41,875 --> 00:31:43,643 THAT WE REALLY ALSO WANT TO 845 00:31:43,643 --> 00:31:45,012 FOCUS ON IS INCLUDING PEOPLE 846 00:31:45,012 --> 00:31:49,082 WITH LIVED EXPERIENCE IN VISUAL 847 00:31:49,082 --> 00:31:50,317 DISABILITY. 848 00:31:50,317 --> 00:31:51,618 REALLY -- YOU WANT TO USE THIS 849 00:31:51,618 --> 00:31:53,453 TO ADDRESS REAL WORLD 850 00:31:53,453 --> 00:31:55,555 CHALLENGES, AND REALLY BUILD 851 00:31:55,555 --> 00:31:56,189 USER-CENTERED DESIGN EARLY IN 852 00:31:56,189 --> 00:31:58,725 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE 853 00:31:58,725 --> 00:32:00,894 PRODUCTS. 854 00:32:00,894 --> 00:32:02,696 AND THIS ALSO NEEDS TO INCLUDE A 855 00:32:02,696 --> 00:32:05,065 PLAN FOR DISSEMINATING THE TOOL 856 00:32:05,065 --> 00:32:08,235 OR INTERVENTION. 857 00:32:08,235 --> 00:32:10,404 SO AGAIN, THE RFA HAS BEEN 858 00:32:10,404 --> 00:32:13,707 PUBLISHED ALREADY, AND THE 859 00:32:13,707 --> 00:32:17,210 DEADLINE IS AUGUST 14TH, 2024, 860 00:32:17,210 --> 00:32:21,014 AND 1 OF THE QUESTIONS THAT I'VE 861 00:32:21,014 --> 00:32:23,150 HAD THAT CHERI AND I HAVE 862 00:32:23,150 --> 00:32:23,884 DISCUSSED AT SOME LENGTH IS A 863 00:32:23,884 --> 00:32:25,185 QUESTION THAT I WANT TO POSE TO 864 00:32:25,185 --> 00:32:27,621 THE COUNCIL HERE, AND IT'S 865 00:32:27,621 --> 00:32:34,161 THAT -- I THINK THAT EVERYBODY 866 00:32:34,161 --> 00:32:37,330 TALKS ABOUT COMPUTING DEVICES, 867 00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:41,835 YOU KNOW, THINGS TO HELP PEOPLE 868 00:32:41,835 --> 00:32:43,236 WHO CAN'T SEE VERY WELL 869 00:32:43,236 --> 00:32:45,138 NAVIGATE, AND THERE ARE 870 00:32:45,138 --> 00:32:45,972 TELEVISION SHOWS THAT HAVE 871 00:32:45,972 --> 00:32:48,041 THINGS LIKE THIS, AND IT REALLY 872 00:32:48,041 --> 00:32:50,677 SEEMS TO CAPTIVATE PEOPLE'S 873 00:32:50,677 --> 00:32:52,879 IMAGINATION. 874 00:32:52,879 --> 00:32:55,615 BUT WE'VE NEVER HAD A VERY LARGE 875 00:32:55,615 --> 00:32:57,250 PORTFOLIO IN VISION 876 00:32:57,250 --> 00:32:58,118 REHABILITATION. 877 00:32:58,118 --> 00:32:59,886 AND SO I THINK THERE'S A LOT OF 878 00:32:59,886 --> 00:33:01,088 ENGINEERS AND PEOPLE WHO COULD 879 00:33:01,088 --> 00:33:03,623 BE INTERESTED IN THIS TOPIC, AND 880 00:33:03,623 --> 00:33:05,459 SO MY QUESTION IS HOW CAN WE 881 00:33:05,459 --> 00:33:07,661 BEST DISSEMINATE THIS TO THE 882 00:33:07,661 --> 00:33:08,628 ENTIRE COMMUNITY, AND WHAT CAN 883 00:33:08,628 --> 00:33:12,265 WE DO TO STIMULATE INTEREST AND 884 00:33:12,265 --> 00:33:18,371 AWARENESS IN THIS RFA, AND 885 00:33:18,371 --> 00:33:20,140 REALLY THIS FIELD IN GENERAL. 886 00:33:20,140 --> 00:33:24,478 SO LOVE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT 887 00:33:24,478 --> 00:33:34,554 THIS. 888 00:33:34,554 --> 00:33:34,754 MARIA. 889 00:33:34,754 --> 00:33:39,159 >> YEAH, MALIA GRANT. 890 00:33:39,159 --> 00:33:41,328 FROM A VERY SIMPLISTIC ASPECT, 891 00:33:41,328 --> 00:33:42,562 MOST OF THE DEPARTMENTS OF 892 00:33:42,562 --> 00:33:44,164 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OPTOMETRY HAVE 893 00:33:44,164 --> 00:33:47,901 LIKE A WEEKLY ADVERTISEMENT 894 00:33:47,901 --> 00:33:49,536 FEATURING THEIR FACULTY, YOU 895 00:33:49,536 --> 00:33:51,171 KNOW, LIKE AWARDS AND PAPERS, AT 896 00:33:51,171 --> 00:33:52,839 LEAST OUR DEPARTMENT DOES, AND 897 00:33:52,839 --> 00:33:54,674 IT'S ACTUALLY A REALLY GOOD 898 00:33:54,674 --> 00:33:56,877 VENUE FOR GETTING INFORMATION 899 00:33:56,877 --> 00:33:58,778 ABOUT GRANTS BECAUSE IT'S THE 900 00:33:58,778 --> 00:34:02,682 ONE TIME WHERE THERE'S KIND OF 901 00:34:02,682 --> 00:34:03,750 CENTRALIZED INFORMATION. 902 00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:05,085 SO I JUST STILL THINK IT'S A 903 00:34:05,085 --> 00:34:08,455 GREAT WAY TO TRY TO GET EACH OF 904 00:34:08,455 --> 00:34:10,257 THE DEPARTMENTS WHO THEN, OF 905 00:34:10,257 --> 00:34:12,626 COURSE, HAVE VISION RESEARCHERS, 906 00:34:12,626 --> 00:34:16,463 AND ALSO OUTSIDE OF -- OUR 907 00:34:16,463 --> 00:34:19,866 UNIVERSITY ALSO HAS A MAY MAIN D 908 00:34:19,866 --> 00:34:23,170 OF LIKE ADVERTISING WHERE THE 909 00:34:23,170 --> 00:34:26,206 DIFFERENT INSTITUTES ALSO 910 00:34:26,206 --> 00:34:26,973 ADVERTISE FOR THE NIH. 911 00:34:26,973 --> 00:34:28,074 THEY WANT TO KNOW BECAUSE THEY 912 00:34:28,074 --> 00:34:29,809 WANT PEOPLE TO APPLY SO THEY 913 00:34:29,809 --> 00:34:32,445 MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO GET THE 914 00:34:32,445 --> 00:34:33,647 INFORMATION OUT ONCE THEY KNOW 915 00:34:33,647 --> 00:34:34,181 IT. 916 00:34:34,181 --> 00:34:36,583 SO I THINK IT'S JUST TAPPING 917 00:34:36,583 --> 00:34:37,918 INTO THAT, THAT MIGHT BE 918 00:34:37,918 --> 00:34:39,119 HELPFUL. 919 00:34:39,119 --> 00:34:42,389 IT'S SIMPLE, BUT -- SO -- 920 00:34:42,389 --> 00:34:45,158 >> THANKS, ME A. 921 00:34:45,158 --> 00:34:46,126 REZA? 922 00:34:46,126 --> 00:34:47,928 >> REZA DANA, BOSTON. 923 00:34:47,928 --> 00:34:49,095 I THINK THERE ARE TWO QUESTIONS. 924 00:34:49,095 --> 00:34:50,964 ONE IS HOW DO YOU DISSEMINATE A 925 00:34:50,964 --> 00:34:52,732 NEW TOOL OR INTERVENTION VERSUS 926 00:34:52,732 --> 00:34:55,368 HOW DO YOU DISSEMINATE THE 927 00:34:55,368 --> 00:34:56,770 INFORMATION ABOUT THE GRANT 928 00:34:56,770 --> 00:34:57,237 MECHANISM. 929 00:34:57,237 --> 00:34:59,873 THOSE ARE TWO DIFFERENT 930 00:34:59,873 --> 00:35:01,541 QUESTIONS WITH DIFFERENT 931 00:35:01,541 --> 00:35:01,942 ANSWERS. 932 00:35:01,942 --> 00:35:06,279 IN REGARD TO THE TOOL 933 00:35:06,279 --> 00:35:08,949 INTERVENTION, IT FENDS ON THE 934 00:35:08,949 --> 00:35:10,917 RESOURCES THAT THE NEI IS 935 00:35:10,917 --> 00:35:12,219 INTERESTED IN EXPENDING FOR 936 00:35:12,219 --> 00:35:12,752 THAT, RIGHT? 937 00:35:12,752 --> 00:35:14,854 SO YOU CAN USE MASS MARKETING 938 00:35:14,854 --> 00:35:17,591 TOOLS OR YOU CAN HAVE MORE 939 00:35:17,591 --> 00:35:20,126 FOCUSED DISSEMINATION OF THAT 940 00:35:20,126 --> 00:35:21,861 INFORMATION THROUGH NON-PROFIT 941 00:35:21,861 --> 00:35:24,264 ORGANIZATIONS THAT SERVE THE 942 00:35:24,264 --> 00:35:25,031 RELEVANT COMMUNITY. 943 00:35:25,031 --> 00:35:29,169 AND THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THOSE. 944 00:35:29,169 --> 00:35:30,604 THAT'S PROBABLY THE LOWEST IN 945 00:35:30,604 --> 00:35:32,272 TERMS OF EXPENSE AND THE HIGHEST 946 00:35:32,272 --> 00:35:35,108 YIELD RELATIVE TO THE EXPENSE. 947 00:35:35,108 --> 00:35:39,913 IN REGARDS TO THE GRANT 948 00:35:39,913 --> 00:35:42,983 MECHANISMS, PROBABLY A VERY HIGH 949 00:35:42,983 --> 00:35:46,920 YIELD EFFORT WOULD BE THROUGH 950 00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:50,190 ARVO, AND POSSIBLY THE AAO, BOTH 951 00:35:50,190 --> 00:35:52,292 THE OPHTHALMOLOGY ACADEMY AND 952 00:35:52,292 --> 00:35:55,362 THE OPTOMETRIC ACADEMY HAVING A 953 00:35:55,362 --> 00:35:56,997 SPECIAL SESSION ON THIS CAN 954 00:35:56,997 --> 00:35:58,932 ATTRACT THE RELEVANT PARTIES WHO 955 00:35:58,932 --> 00:35:59,733 ARE INTERESTED. 956 00:35:59,733 --> 00:36:03,670 THANK YOU. 957 00:36:03,670 --> 00:36:05,105 >> PRADEEP? 958 00:36:05,105 --> 00:36:12,312 >> SO CHERI, THANK YOU FOR - 959 00:36:12,312 --> 00:36:14,047 PUTTING OUT THIS RFA. 960 00:36:14,047 --> 00:36:16,116 FIRST OF ALL I'LL SAY THAT 961 00:36:16,116 --> 00:36:18,084 WITHIN THE LOW VISION COMMUNITY, 962 00:36:18,084 --> 00:36:18,852 THERE'S ALREADY A LOT OF 963 00:36:18,852 --> 00:36:20,587 INTEREST IN THIS, SO I'M IN THAT 964 00:36:20,587 --> 00:36:21,721 COMMUNITY AND I'VE TALKED TO A 965 00:36:21,721 --> 00:36:23,123 LOT OF PEOPLE AND EVERYBODY 966 00:36:23,123 --> 00:36:24,891 WANTS TO PUT IN AN APPLICATION, 967 00:36:24,891 --> 00:36:27,193 SO YOU'RE GOING TO GET 968 00:36:27,193 --> 00:36:27,627 APPLICATIONS. 969 00:36:27,627 --> 00:36:31,031 THE QUESTION IS, YOU KNOW, IS 970 00:36:31,031 --> 00:36:35,635 THIS A RECURRING THING, LOIBS OY 971 00:36:35,635 --> 00:36:36,870 THE DEADLINE IS SHORT SO YOU'RE 972 00:36:36,870 --> 00:36:39,673 GOING TO GET PEOPLE WHO ALREADY 973 00:36:39,673 --> 00:36:40,774 PROBABLY HAVE AN APPLICATION 974 00:36:40,774 --> 00:36:42,309 THAT THEY'RE WORKING ON OR 975 00:36:42,309 --> 00:36:43,510 SOMETHING THAT DIDN'T GET FUNDED 976 00:36:43,510 --> 00:36:44,711 WHICH THEY'RE GOING TO RESUBMIT 977 00:36:44,711 --> 00:36:46,146 OR SOMETHING ALONG THOSE NATURE, 978 00:36:46,146 --> 00:36:53,019 AND OBVIOUSLY YOU WANT TO HAV 979 00:36:53,019 --> 00:36:54,220 HAVE -- AGAIN AND COMING UP WITH 980 00:36:54,220 --> 00:36:55,288 THESE TEAMS AND EVERYTHING ELSE 981 00:36:55,288 --> 00:36:56,556 IS NOT SOMETHING YOU CAN DO IN A 982 00:36:56,556 --> 00:36:59,192 MONTH OR TWO REALISTICALLY, SO I 983 00:36:59,192 --> 00:37:00,760 THINK YOU PROBABLY WANT A LONGER 984 00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,395 LAUNCH PAD TO GET SOME NEW 985 00:37:02,395 --> 00:37:03,263 PEOPLE INTO THE FIELD TO DO THAT 986 00:37:03,263 --> 00:37:03,930 KIND OF WORK. 987 00:37:03,930 --> 00:37:05,398 I THINK IN TERMS OF BRINGING 988 00:37:05,398 --> 00:37:07,100 MORE PEOPLE INTO THE FIELD, I 989 00:37:07,100 --> 00:37:08,635 THINK, YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO 990 00:37:08,635 --> 00:37:10,704 BEING THINKING ABOUT, WELL, CAN 991 00:37:10,704 --> 00:37:13,573 WE GET PEOPLE FROM 992 00:37:13,573 --> 00:37:15,308 REHABILITATION SCIENCE AND 993 00:37:15,308 --> 00:37:16,643 ENGINEERS AND OTHER PEOPLE WHO 994 00:37:16,643 --> 00:37:18,511 MAY WORK COLLABORATIVELY WITH 995 00:37:18,511 --> 00:37:20,580 SOMEBODY WHO HAS KNOWLEDGE OF 996 00:37:20,580 --> 00:37:22,015 VISION BUT ISN'T NECESSARILY A 997 00:37:22,015 --> 00:37:23,350 LOW VISION SPECIALIST. 998 00:37:23,350 --> 00:37:25,251 AND SO I THINK THAT MAYBE IS 999 00:37:25,251 --> 00:37:26,519 MORE OF A CHALLENGE AND I DON'T 1000 00:37:26,519 --> 00:37:28,054 KNOW THAT I HAVE AN ANSWER FOR 1001 00:37:28,054 --> 00:37:32,525 THAT, BUT I THINK TO REALLY GET 1002 00:37:32,525 --> 00:37:34,527 SOME NICE, INNOVATIVE WORK, IT 1003 00:37:34,527 --> 00:37:36,062 WOULD BE NICE TO BRING IN 1004 00:37:36,062 --> 00:37:38,031 ENGINEERS, INTERVENTIONAL 1005 00:37:38,031 --> 00:37:39,666 SPECIALISTS, PEOPLE WHO ARE 1006 00:37:39,666 --> 00:37:40,767 EXPERTS IN BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, 1007 00:37:40,767 --> 00:37:41,868 ARCHITECTS, THINGS LIKE THAT, 1008 00:37:41,868 --> 00:37:44,938 WHO COULD REALLY MOVE THIS IN 1009 00:37:44,938 --> 00:37:47,140 EXCITING NEW DIRECTIONS. 1010 00:37:47,140 --> 00:37:48,475 >> PRADEEP, THANK YOU. 1011 00:37:48,475 --> 00:37:52,379 AND IF I COULD JUST REFLECT ON 1012 00:37:52,379 --> 00:37:53,913 THAT A LITTLE BIT. 1013 00:37:53,913 --> 00:37:58,418 WHEN I SEARCHED ON THIS TOPIC A 1014 00:37:58,418 --> 00:37:59,452 COUPLE -- MAYBE A YEAR OR TWO 1015 00:37:59,452 --> 00:38:01,054 AGO, WHEN I STARTED TO HAVE 1016 00:38:01,054 --> 00:38:04,124 THESE CONVERSATIONS WITH CHERI, 1017 00:38:04,124 --> 00:38:05,859 ONE OF THE -- I'M EMBARRASSED TO 1018 00:38:05,859 --> 00:38:07,193 SAY ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS I 1019 00:38:07,193 --> 00:38:10,363 DID WAS GOOGLE SEARCH, AND THE 1020 00:38:10,363 --> 00:38:11,364 FIRST -- AND ONE OF THE MAIN 1021 00:38:11,364 --> 00:38:15,502 THINGS THAT POPS UP IS A 1022 00:38:15,502 --> 00:38:16,536 NAVIGATION TOOL FROM MICROSOFT 1023 00:38:16,536 --> 00:38:18,571 AS I RECALL AND IT WAS FROM 1024 00:38:18,571 --> 00:38:18,772 2015. 1025 00:38:18,772 --> 00:38:23,076 IT WAS PRETTY GOOD. 1026 00:38:23,076 --> 00:38:24,511 BUT I WONDERED THE SAME THING, 1027 00:38:24,511 --> 00:38:25,678 PRADEEP, THAT YOU'RE WONDERING, 1028 00:38:25,678 --> 00:38:27,881 HOW CAN WE TAP IN TO SOME OF THE 1029 00:38:27,881 --> 00:38:28,848 EXPERTISE THAT'S REALLY OUT 1030 00:38:28,848 --> 00:38:29,983 THERE THAT'S NOT -- THAT MAY NOT 1031 00:38:29,983 --> 00:38:38,258 BE IN OUR COMMUNITY. 1032 00:38:38,258 --> 00:38:39,726 THINK THE OTHER ISSUE, THERE WAS 1033 00:38:39,726 --> 00:38:43,196 A WHO REPORT ON ACCESSIBILITY -- 1034 00:38:43,196 --> 00:38:46,065 ON DISABILITY A YEAR OR SO AGO 1035 00:38:46,065 --> 00:38:48,034 AND IT CITED A FEW EXAMPLES. 1036 00:38:48,034 --> 00:38:49,469 ONE OF THEM WAS THE WHEELCHAIR 1037 00:38:49,469 --> 00:38:53,173 AND ONE WAS THE HEARING AID. 1038 00:38:53,173 --> 00:38:53,673 AS ACCESSIBILITY TOOLS. 1039 00:38:53,673 --> 00:38:58,344 SO I'VE BEEN WONDERING WHAT IS 1040 00:38:58,344 --> 00:39:00,880 OUR EQUIVALENT OF THE HEARING 1041 00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:02,081 AILD OR WHEELCHAIR? 1042 00:39:02,081 --> 00:39:06,019 IS IT A PAIR OF GLASSES, IS IT A 1043 00:39:06,019 --> 00:39:07,353 WHITE CANE OR SOMETHING THAT WE 1044 00:39:07,353 --> 00:39:08,455 HAVEN'T INVENTED YET? 1045 00:39:08,455 --> 00:39:09,422 THOSE ARE SOME OF THE REAL 1046 00:39:09,422 --> 00:39:13,593 REASONS THAT I ASKED WHAT I WAS 1047 00:39:13,593 --> 00:39:18,965 ASKING. 1048 00:39:18,965 --> 00:39:20,934 ANY OTHER COMMENTS ABOUT THIS? 1049 00:39:20,934 --> 00:39:21,668 JANI, I SEE YOUR HAND. 1050 00:39:21,668 --> 00:39:22,769 >> THANK YOU. 1051 00:39:22,769 --> 00:39:24,337 THIS IS JANI LEHRER-STEIN. 1052 00:39:24,337 --> 00:39:25,872 FIRST OF ALL, HUGE THANKS TO 1053 00:39:25,872 --> 00:39:26,306 CHERI. 1054 00:39:26,306 --> 00:39:28,708 YOU KNOW I'M A HUGE FAN OF SHER 1055 00:39:28,708 --> 00:39:29,809 OSTEOARTHRITIS FOR THE WAY THAT 1056 00:39:29,809 --> 00:39:32,846 SHE IMPLEMENTS THE MISSION OF 1057 00:39:32,846 --> 00:39:36,382 THIS COUNCIL IN TERMS OF QUALITY 1058 00:39:36,382 --> 00:39:37,917 OF LIFE FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND 1059 00:39:37,917 --> 00:39:39,552 OR LOW VISION. 1060 00:39:39,552 --> 00:39:44,390 I AM SOMEONE WHO IS DEPENDENT ON 1061 00:39:44,390 --> 00:39:46,593 THE EQUIVALENT TO THE HEARING 1062 00:39:46,593 --> 00:39:47,460 AND AID WHEELCHAIR. 1063 00:39:47,460 --> 00:39:48,995 HE'S SITTING UNDER THE TABLE 1064 00:39:48,995 --> 00:39:49,429 RIGHT NOW. 1065 00:39:49,429 --> 00:39:51,097 YOU ALL FIND HIM TO BE VERY 1066 00:39:51,097 --> 00:39:52,632 FRIENDLY AND ADORABLE, BUT THE 1067 00:39:52,632 --> 00:39:54,267 FACT OF THE MATTER IS, HE HAS NO 1068 00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:55,802 THUMBS SO HE CANNOT DRIVE, AND 1069 00:39:55,802 --> 00:39:59,672 HE'S NOT GREAT ON MODERN DEVICES 1070 00:39:59,672 --> 00:40:06,880 LIKE IPHONES AND THE INTERNET. 1071 00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:10,149 SO THERE HAS BEEN A TREMENDOUS 1072 00:40:10,149 --> 00:40:15,955 INCREASE BOTH IN TERMS OF NEW 1073 00:40:15,955 --> 00:40:17,390 PRODUCT, THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT 1074 00:40:17,390 --> 00:40:19,025 IMPROVEMENTS, BOTH IN TERMS OF 1075 00:40:19,025 --> 00:40:19,926 NAVIGATION, BUT ALSO IN 1076 00:40:19,926 --> 00:40:21,127 ACCESSIBILITY OF DOCUMENTS, 1077 00:40:21,127 --> 00:40:22,328 HANDLING CURRENCY, VIRTUALLY 1078 00:40:22,328 --> 00:40:23,763 EVERYTHING, INCLUDING ACCESS TO 1079 00:40:23,763 --> 00:40:26,499 TELEVISION THROUGH THE 21ST 1080 00:40:26,499 --> 00:40:27,901 VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS ACT, BUT 1081 00:40:27,901 --> 00:40:31,538 THERE IS A HUGE GAP FOR THOSE OF 1082 00:40:31,538 --> 00:40:33,172 YOUS WHO ARE CONSUMERS BECAUSE 1083 00:40:33,172 --> 00:40:34,541 MOST OF THE REHABILITATIVE WORK 1084 00:40:34,541 --> 00:40:36,709 IS DONE BY NON-PROFITS, A HUGE 1085 00:40:36,709 --> 00:40:38,678 AMOUNT OF THAT IS DONE BY 1086 00:40:38,678 --> 00:40:39,546 LIGHTHOUSE FOR THE BLIND AND 1087 00:40:39,546 --> 00:40:40,847 THEY ARE EXPERTS AT IT BUT THERE 1088 00:40:40,847 --> 00:40:42,515 ARE MANY MORE PEOPLE WHO HAVE 1089 00:40:42,515 --> 00:40:44,584 DIFFICULTY ACCESSING THOSE 1090 00:40:44,584 --> 00:40:46,119 PROGRAMS OR BECOME FRUSTRATED 1091 00:40:46,119 --> 00:40:49,522 WITH THE PROGRAMS BECAUSE IN 1092 00:40:49,522 --> 00:40:51,424 SOME INSTANCES, YOU'RE JUST 1093 00:40:51,424 --> 00:40:52,625 MATCHED WITH THE NEXT VOLUNTEER 1094 00:40:52,625 --> 00:40:54,027 WHO IS ABLE TO GIVE YOU TIME AND 1095 00:40:54,027 --> 00:40:56,996 ATTENTION. 1096 00:40:56,996 --> 00:40:58,765 MOST RECENTLY, MICROSOFT AS YOU 1097 00:40:58,765 --> 00:41:01,935 MENTIONED HAS CREATED SOME 1098 00:41:01,935 --> 00:41:04,470 AMAZING PRODUCTS INCLUDING 1099 00:41:04,470 --> 00:41:06,573 SOMETHING THAT WILL READ THOSE 1100 00:41:06,573 --> 00:41:07,640 POWERPOINTS THAT I KEEP HEARING 1101 00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:10,410 ABOUT AT THESE MEETINGS BUT 1102 00:41:10,410 --> 00:41:14,047 CANNOT EASILY ACCESS, AND SO I 1103 00:41:14,047 --> 00:41:17,083 WOULD SUGGEST PERHAPS LOOKING AT 1104 00:41:17,083 --> 00:41:18,718 THOSE PUBLIC-PRIVATE 1105 00:41:18,718 --> 00:41:19,919 PARTNERSHIPS AND MAYBE EVEN A 1106 00:41:19,919 --> 00:41:23,222 CHALLENGE OR A HACKATHON TO GET 1107 00:41:23,222 --> 00:41:27,594 THE ENGINEERS FROM THE -- TO PAY 1108 00:41:27,594 --> 00:41:29,128 FOR PLAY SEGMENTS OF THE 1109 00:41:29,128 --> 00:41:30,430 COMMUNITY WHO ARE ALREADY REALLY 1110 00:41:30,430 --> 00:41:35,401 WORKING HARD ON THIS ISSUE. 1111 00:41:35,401 --> 00:41:38,338 >> JANI, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1112 00:41:38,338 --> 00:41:42,408 THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE CAN 1113 00:41:42,408 --> 00:41:45,378 DEFINITELY TAKE BACK AND THINK 1114 00:41:45,378 --> 00:41:46,045 ABOUT. 1115 00:41:46,045 --> 00:41:47,347 SO OTHER COMMENTS ABOUT THIS? 1116 00:41:47,347 --> 00:41:49,082 THIS HAS BEEN VERY HELPFUL. 1117 00:41:49,082 --> 00:41:49,749 FOR US. 1118 00:41:49,749 --> 00:41:54,787 FOR ME. 1119 00:41:54,787 --> 00:42:03,262 THANK YOU. 1120 00:42:03,262 --> 00:42:04,897 THIS IS ANOTHER TOPIC I WANT TO 1121 00:42:04,897 --> 00:42:10,136 TALK ABOUT, OCULOMICS, AT THE 1122 00:42:10,136 --> 00:42:11,270 LAST COUNCIL MEETING WE WERE NOT 1123 00:42:11,270 --> 00:42:12,472 ABLE TO ANNOUNCE THIS, BUT NOW 1124 00:42:12,472 --> 00:42:14,007 WE CAN ANNOUNCE IT AND IT'S, IN 1125 00:42:14,007 --> 00:42:15,475 FACT, AFTER THE FACT. 1126 00:42:15,475 --> 00:42:17,010 BECAUSE THE APPLICATIONS WERE 1127 00:42:17,010 --> 00:42:21,314 ALREADY DUE. 1128 00:42:21,314 --> 00:42:22,615 IN IS A VERY FAST-MOVING 1129 00:42:22,615 --> 00:42:23,249 INITIATIVE. 1130 00:42:23,249 --> 00:42:24,417 LET ME TELL YOU THE BACKGROUND 1131 00:42:24,417 --> 00:42:25,385 ABOUT THIS AND WHAT IS 1132 00:42:25,385 --> 00:42:25,785 HAPPENING. 1133 00:42:25,785 --> 00:42:26,686 IT'S SOMETHING WE'RE VERY 1134 00:42:26,686 --> 00:42:30,023 EXCITED ABOUT. 1135 00:42:30,023 --> 00:42:31,457 AND IN FACT, IT RELATES TO WHAT 1136 00:42:31,457 --> 00:42:33,226 WE'RE HAVING IN THIS SPECIAL 1137 00:42:33,226 --> 00:42:36,729 SESSION TODAY WITH VINU AND 1138 00:42:36,729 --> 00:42:38,698 AFROUZ. 1139 00:42:38,698 --> 00:42:39,799 OCULOMICS AND IMAGING. 1140 00:42:39,799 --> 00:42:41,334 SO NUMBER ONE, WHAT IS THE 1141 00:42:41,334 --> 00:42:42,769 COMMON FUND AND WHERE DO COMMON 1142 00:42:42,769 --> 00:42:45,405 FUND PROJECTS COME FROM? 1143 00:42:45,405 --> 00:42:47,140 SO I THINK MOST OF YOU KNOW, 1144 00:42:47,140 --> 00:42:49,575 COMMON FUND IS A CENTRAL NIH 1145 00:42:49,575 --> 00:42:51,544 MECHANISM THROUGH THE OFFICE OF 1146 00:42:51,544 --> 00:42:54,180 THE DIRECTOR, AND COMMON FUND 1147 00:42:54,180 --> 00:42:56,149 PROJECTS ARE TYPICALLY FIVE TO 1148 00:42:56,149 --> 00:42:58,251 10-YEAR REALLY LARGE BIG-SCOPE 1149 00:42:58,251 --> 00:43:03,489 PROJECTS. 1150 00:43:03,489 --> 00:43:04,791 THEY GET SELECTED BASICALLY 1151 00:43:04,791 --> 00:43:06,092 BECAUSE PEOPLE NOMINATE THEM, 1152 00:43:06,092 --> 00:43:07,660 BUILD TEAMS, NOMINATE THEM, AND 1153 00:43:07,660 --> 00:43:09,962 THEY GO THROUGH A VOTING 1154 00:43:09,962 --> 00:43:10,596 PROCESS. 1155 00:43:10,596 --> 00:43:11,698 A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE ONES 1156 00:43:11,698 --> 00:43:13,666 THAT ARE NOMINATED -- THAT ARE 1157 00:43:13,666 --> 00:43:14,767 PROPOSED END UP GETTING PICKED 1158 00:43:14,767 --> 00:43:16,302 FOR FUNDING. 1159 00:43:16,302 --> 00:43:17,970 THE VENTURE INITIATIVE HERE, 1160 00:43:17,970 --> 00:43:19,939 THIS COMMON FUND VENTURE 1161 00:43:19,939 --> 00:43:23,009 INITIATIVE IS A SMALLER COMMON 1162 00:43:23,009 --> 00:43:24,110 FUND PROGRAM THAT WAS JUST BEGUN 1163 00:43:24,110 --> 00:43:24,877 THIS PAST YEAR. 1164 00:43:24,877 --> 00:43:27,847 SO THESE ARE THREE-YEAR SMALLER 1165 00:43:27,847 --> 00:43:30,717 FUNDING-TYPE THINGS, ROUGHLY 1166 00:43:30,717 --> 00:43:31,217 THREE-YEAR, $15 MILLION 1167 00:43:31,217 --> 00:43:32,685 PROJECTS. 1168 00:43:32,685 --> 00:43:35,421 SO WHEN THIS WAS ANNOUNCED, ONE 1169 00:43:35,421 --> 00:43:39,358 OF OUR PROGRAM OFFICERS, TONY 1170 00:43:39,358 --> 00:43:40,693 GOVER, WHO'S IN THE BACK, 1171 00:43:40,693 --> 00:43:41,994 BASICALLY GOT WITH SOME PROGRAM 1172 00:43:41,994 --> 00:43:43,830 OFFICERS IN OTHER INSTITUTES, 1173 00:43:43,830 --> 00:43:47,500 AND THEY WERE BASICALLY NIBIB, 1174 00:43:47,500 --> 00:43:50,670 NINDS, SO BIOMEDICAL IMAGING, 1175 00:43:50,670 --> 00:43:54,273 NEUROSCIENCE, NHLBI, HEART LUNG, 1176 00:43:54,273 --> 00:43:54,941 AND NIA, AGING. 1177 00:43:54,941 --> 00:43:56,476 AND THEY BASICALLY BRAINSTORMED 1178 00:43:56,476 --> 00:43:58,177 ABOUT PROPOSALS AND TONY PUT 1179 00:43:58,177 --> 00:44:00,346 THIS TOGETHER. 1180 00:44:00,346 --> 00:44:03,850 AND IT GOT PICKED ACTUALLY. 1181 00:44:03,850 --> 00:44:07,353 AND SO THE GOAL OF THIS IS TO 1182 00:44:07,353 --> 00:44:09,555 DEVELOP NOVEL NONINVASIVE OCULAR 1183 00:44:09,555 --> 00:44:12,492 IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES AS WELL AS 1184 00:44:12,492 --> 00:44:14,894 MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO 1185 00:44:14,894 --> 00:44:16,462 BASICALLY TRY TO BUILD BETTER 1186 00:44:16,462 --> 00:44:18,765 TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING BIOMARKERS 1187 00:44:18,765 --> 00:44:20,399 FOR SYSTEMIC DISEASE. 1188 00:44:20,399 --> 00:44:22,301 THE REASON THIS IS EXCITING IS 1189 00:44:22,301 --> 00:44:23,503 THAT THERE'S BEEN SO MUCH 1190 00:44:23,503 --> 00:44:25,905 RESEARCH IN THE PAST FEW YEARS 1191 00:44:25,905 --> 00:44:28,875 IN OCULOMICS WHERE THE EYE IS 1192 00:44:28,875 --> 00:44:30,510 THE WINDOW TO THE BODY, IT SEEMS 1193 00:44:30,510 --> 00:44:31,844 LIKE IT'S REALLY BECOMING AN 1194 00:44:31,844 --> 00:44:33,146 ACTUAL THING. 1195 00:44:33,146 --> 00:44:35,915 THE STUDIES -- I'D CALL THEM 1196 00:44:35,915 --> 00:44:38,084 PILOT STUDIES ARE SHOWING THAT 1197 00:44:38,084 --> 00:44:42,021 YOU CAN DIAGNOSE AND PREDICT 1198 00:44:42,021 --> 00:44:44,357 SYSTEMIC DISEASE, IN SOME CASES 1199 00:44:44,357 --> 00:44:45,792 APPARENTLY QUITE ACCURATELY AND 1200 00:44:45,792 --> 00:44:47,126 MUCH EARLIER THAN CLINICIANS CAN 1201 00:44:47,126 --> 00:44:48,027 DO IT. 1202 00:44:48,027 --> 00:44:48,995 AND OF COURSE THE QUESTION IS 1203 00:44:48,995 --> 00:44:52,565 GOING TO BE, CAN THIS GENERALIZE 1204 00:44:52,565 --> 00:44:55,301 BEYOND THE PAPERS THAT ARE BEING 1205 00:44:55,301 --> 00:44:56,269 PUBLISHED. 1206 00:44:56,269 --> 00:44:57,837 SO WHAT WAS WRITTEN UP HERE IS, 1207 00:44:57,837 --> 00:44:59,038 WELL, SOME OF THE GOALS ARE, 1208 00:44:59,038 --> 00:45:01,340 WELL, DEVELOPING TOOLS THAT HAVE 1209 00:45:01,340 --> 00:45:03,009 BETTER RESOLUTION, BETTER IMAGE 1210 00:45:03,009 --> 00:45:04,544 DEPTH, TO LOOK AT FUNCTIONAL 1211 00:45:04,544 --> 00:45:06,279 MEASUREMENTS, THINGS LIKE BLOOD 1212 00:45:06,279 --> 00:45:08,815 FLOW, TO LOOK AT SUBSTANCE 1213 00:45:08,815 --> 00:45:09,816 IDENTIFICATION, WATER VERSUS 1214 00:45:09,816 --> 00:45:12,118 PROTEIN VERSUS LIPID. 1215 00:45:12,118 --> 00:45:15,955 AND SO THIS PARTICULAR 1216 00:45:15,955 --> 00:45:17,657 ANNOUNCEMENT WAS $1.6 MILLION 1217 00:45:17,657 --> 00:45:19,759 TOTAL COSTS PER YEAR UP TO THREE 1218 00:45:19,759 --> 00:45:22,662 YEARS WITH THREE PROJECTS BEING 1219 00:45:22,662 --> 00:45:23,429 FUNDED. 1220 00:45:23,429 --> 00:45:24,630 SO IT WAS ANNOUNCED SOMETIME -- 1221 00:45:24,630 --> 00:45:26,399 I THINK, TONY, I THINK IT WAS 1222 00:45:26,399 --> 00:45:27,400 ANNOUNCED IN MARCH OR SOMETHING 1223 00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:31,003 AND THE DEADLINES WERE LATE MAY. 1224 00:45:31,003 --> 00:45:31,804 SO THEY'RE STARTING TO -- 1225 00:45:31,804 --> 00:45:32,772 THEY'VE RECEIVED ALL OF THEM. 1226 00:45:32,772 --> 00:45:34,207 I THINK THE DEADLINE WAS JUST A 1227 00:45:34,207 --> 00:45:37,176 FEW WEEKS AGO. 1228 00:45:37,176 --> 00:45:38,244 SO THE REVIEW PROCESS IS GOING 1229 00:45:38,244 --> 00:45:39,712 TO BE STARTING AND IT WILL BE A 1230 00:45:39,712 --> 00:45:42,181 PRETTY RAPIDLY EVOLVING, SO WE 1231 00:45:42,181 --> 00:45:43,816 WERE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THIS. 1232 00:45:43,816 --> 00:45:46,853 TONY AND THIS CREW, AFROUZ WHO'S 1233 00:45:46,853 --> 00:45:48,287 GOING TO BE COMING IN LATER WAS 1234 00:45:48,287 --> 00:45:49,055 ALSO ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO WORK 1235 00:45:49,055 --> 00:45:54,660 ON THIS, AND IN FACT TONY LAST 1236 00:45:54,660 --> 00:45:56,095 NIGHT -- AFROUZ CAME OUT TO 1237 00:45:56,095 --> 00:45:57,163 DINNER, SHE GAVE THE IMPRESSION 1238 00:45:57,163 --> 00:45:58,297 THAT THIS HAS BEEN QUITE A BIT 1239 00:45:58,297 --> 00:46:01,234 OF WORK OVER THE PAST COUPLE 1240 00:46:01,234 --> 00:46:02,101 MONTHS. 1241 00:46:02,101 --> 00:46:03,636 SO GREAT WORK ON THIS, TONY. 1242 00:46:03,636 --> 00:46:04,737 IT'S A LOT OF WORK IN A SHORT 1243 00:46:04,737 --> 00:46:05,771 AMOUNT OF TIME. 1244 00:46:05,771 --> 00:46:07,506 SO EXCITED ABOUT THIS, AND WE'LL 1245 00:46:07,506 --> 00:46:10,343 HEAR MORE ABOUT IT WITH AFROUZ 1246 00:46:10,343 --> 00:46:15,615 AND VINU TODAY. 1247 00:46:15,615 --> 00:46:18,150 ANOTHER UPDATE ON THE BRIDGE2AI 1248 00:46:18,150 --> 00:46:18,784 COMMON FUND PROJECT. 1249 00:46:18,784 --> 00:46:20,553 SO THIS WAS A MAJOR PROJECT AND 1250 00:46:20,553 --> 00:46:21,787 YOU'VE ALL HEARD ABOUT THIS AND 1251 00:46:21,787 --> 00:46:23,756 I'M JUST GOING TO FOCUS ON 1252 00:46:23,756 --> 00:46:30,529 WHAT'S NEW INSTEAD OF WHAT YOU 1253 00:46:30,529 --> 00:46:32,965 ALREADY KNOW, BUT THIS WAS A 1254 00:46:32,965 --> 00:46:33,733 $130 MILLION PROJECT OVER FOUR 1255 00:46:33,733 --> 00:46:36,669 YEARS FOR PHASE ONE OF 1256 00:46:36,669 --> 00:46:38,638 BRIDGE2AI. 1257 00:46:38,638 --> 00:46:40,339 AND JAMES GAU IS THE ONE WHO -- 1258 00:46:40,339 --> 00:46:41,874 THIS HAS SUCKED OUT ALL OF 1259 00:46:41,874 --> 00:46:42,942 JAMES' ENERGY OVER THE PAST FEW 1260 00:46:42,942 --> 00:46:47,146 YEARS AS OUR PROGRAM OFFICER. 1261 00:46:47,146 --> 00:46:47,980 BUT ONE OF THE FOUR TEAMS THAT 1262 00:46:47,980 --> 00:46:51,484 WAS FUNDED WITH THIS 1263 00:46:51,484 --> 00:46:52,818 $130 MILLION DATA COLLECTION 1264 00:46:52,818 --> 00:46:54,854 PROJECT IS FROM THE UNIVERSITY 1265 00:46:54,854 --> 00:46:56,489 OF WISCONSIN -- UNIVERSITY OF 1266 00:46:56,489 --> 00:46:58,424 WASHINGTON. 1267 00:46:58,424 --> 00:47:01,494 AARON LE AND CECILIA LEE. 1268 00:47:01,494 --> 00:47:04,664 BASICALLY THEIR PROJECT IS TO 1269 00:47:04,664 --> 00:47:07,533 GATHER DATA FROM 4,000 PEOPLE 1270 00:47:07,533 --> 00:47:08,301 WITH DIABETES. 1271 00:47:08,301 --> 00:47:11,270 SO ALL THESE DIFFERENT STAGES OF 1272 00:47:11,270 --> 00:47:12,505 DIABETES, AND YOU CAN HAVE 1273 00:47:12,505 --> 00:47:14,674 DISEASE PROGRESSION WHERE A 1274 00:47:14,674 --> 00:47:18,077 DISEASE GETS WORSE, AND YOU CAN 1275 00:47:18,077 --> 00:47:19,845 HAVE THE OPPOSITE OF DISEASE 1276 00:47:19,845 --> 00:47:20,913 PROGRESSION IS GOING FROM 1277 00:47:20,913 --> 00:47:24,116 DISEASE TO HEALTH. 1278 00:47:24,116 --> 00:47:30,690 AND THE TERM FOR THAT IS SLEW 1279 00:47:30,690 --> 00:47:31,924 SALUTOGENESIS. 1280 00:47:31,924 --> 00:47:32,692 SO ONE OF THE AIMS OF THIS 1281 00:47:32,692 --> 00:47:34,226 PROJECT IS TO COLLECT DATA FROM 1282 00:47:34,226 --> 00:47:36,762 ALL SORTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES, TO 1283 00:47:36,762 --> 00:47:40,833 LOOK AT THAT PROGRESSION OF 1284 00:47:40,833 --> 00:47:43,769 SOLUTOGENESIS CYCLE THROUGH AI 1285 00:47:43,769 --> 00:47:46,005 THROUGH MULTIMODAL AI. 1286 00:47:46,005 --> 00:47:47,540 SO WHAT'S NEW IN THIS PROJECT IS 1287 00:47:47,540 --> 00:47:49,508 THAT THE BRIDGE2AI GROUPS WERE 1288 00:47:49,508 --> 00:47:51,043 IN BETHESDA ABOUT A MONTH AGO TO 1289 00:47:51,043 --> 00:47:52,478 HAVE AN OPEN HOUSE AND THEY'VE 1290 00:47:52,478 --> 00:47:53,679 RELEASED THE FIRST DATASETS FROM 1291 00:47:53,679 --> 00:47:54,680 THIS PROJECT. 1292 00:47:54,680 --> 00:47:57,984 SO THE GOAL IS 4,000 1293 00:47:57,984 --> 00:48:01,087 PARTICIPANTS, AND THE FIRST DATA 1294 00:48:01,087 --> 00:48:03,055 DATASETS INCLUDE 204 PEOPLE. 1295 00:48:03,055 --> 00:48:04,790 THIS IS TERABYTES OF DATA. 1296 00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:07,093 I DON'T REMEMBER EXACTLY HOW 1297 00:48:07,093 --> 00:48:09,862 MUCH, BUT IT NOW PUBLICLY 1298 00:48:09,862 --> 00:48:12,565 AVAILABLE. 1299 00:48:12,565 --> 00:48:16,235 IF YOU GO TO THIS WEBSITE, 1300 00:48:16,235 --> 00:48:17,336 AIREADY.ORG, YOU CAN GET ACCESS 1301 00:48:17,336 --> 00:48:17,870 TO IT. 1302 00:48:17,870 --> 00:48:19,772 THERE ARE SOME FORMS THAT YOU 1303 00:48:19,772 --> 00:48:21,841 HAVE TO SIGN AND AGREE TO, BUT 1304 00:48:21,841 --> 00:48:24,243 OUR HOPE IS REALLY THAT WE CAN 1305 00:48:24,243 --> 00:48:26,679 USE THIS TO BUILD A COMMUNITY OF 1306 00:48:26,679 --> 00:48:29,081 PEOPLE WHO EXPLORES THESE 1307 00:48:29,081 --> 00:48:31,617 DATASETS IN A TON OF DETAIL, 1308 00:48:31,617 --> 00:48:33,185 DETERMINES TRUTH BASED ON -- 1309 00:48:33,185 --> 00:48:34,920 IT'S A LITTLE BIT OF -- SOME OF 1310 00:48:34,920 --> 00:48:36,222 IT'S A LITTLE BIT OF 1311 00:48:36,222 --> 00:48:37,890 METHODOLOGY, SOME OF IT'S GOING 1312 00:48:37,890 --> 00:48:41,060 TO BE WHAT WE CAN DO TO LEARN 1313 00:48:41,060 --> 00:48:43,396 ABOUT DISEASE, SO REALLY EXCITED 1314 00:48:43,396 --> 00:48:44,797 ABOUT THIS THAT STUFF IS 1315 00:48:44,797 --> 00:48:45,231 ACTUALLY HAPPENING. 1316 00:48:45,231 --> 00:48:47,033 AND JAMES, GREAT JOB WORKING 1317 00:48:47,033 --> 00:48:48,868 WITH THE BRIDGE2AI CREW TO GET 1318 00:48:48,868 --> 00:48:51,437 US TO THIS STAGE. 1319 00:48:51,437 --> 00:48:55,641 AND SO I JUST ALSO WANT TO GIVE 1320 00:48:55,641 --> 00:48:58,244 A CALLOUT, THERE'S 5ICs THAT 1321 00:48:58,244 --> 00:49:00,479 CHAIR THE BRIDGE2AI PROJECT. 1322 00:49:00,479 --> 00:49:04,216 WE'RE ONE OF THEM, AND BRUCE 1323 00:49:04,216 --> 00:49:06,852 TRAWM BERG, WHO'S THE DIRECTOR 1324 00:49:06,852 --> 00:49:08,421 OF NIBIB, IS ONE OF THE OTHER 1325 00:49:08,421 --> 00:49:10,256 ONES. 1326 00:49:10,256 --> 00:49:11,924 SO ANYWAY, THE FIVE OF US ARE ON 1327 00:49:11,924 --> 00:49:13,626 STAGE HERE FROM THE EVENT ABOUT 1328 00:49:13,626 --> 00:49:15,194 A YEAR AGO AT BRIDGE2AI. 1329 00:49:15,194 --> 00:49:18,497 SO THIS IS A BIG WIN FOR THE 1330 00:49:18,497 --> 00:49:24,670 VISION COMMUNITY. 1331 00:49:24,670 --> 00:49:25,771 THERE'S ANOTHER COMMON FUND 1332 00:49:25,771 --> 00:49:27,039 PROJECT THAT I WANT TO LET YOU 1333 00:49:27,039 --> 00:49:28,908 KNOW ABOUT CALLED CLINICAL 1334 00:49:28,908 --> 00:49:33,913 RESEARCH IN PRIMARY CARE. 1335 00:49:33,913 --> 00:49:35,114 THE -- GOSH, I'M SORRY, THE 1336 00:49:35,114 --> 00:49:37,349 VERSION OF MY SLIDES THAT HAD A 1337 00:49:37,349 --> 00:49:40,853 PICTURE ON THIS -- MUST HAVE 1338 00:49:40,853 --> 00:49:47,093 UPLOADED WITHOUT THAT SLIDE. 1339 00:49:47,093 --> 00:49:48,194 BUT I'LL TALK YOU THROUGH IT. 1340 00:49:48,194 --> 00:49:50,262 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN A 1341 00:49:50,262 --> 00:49:53,132 BIG SIGNATURE INITIATIVE OF 1342 00:49:53,132 --> 00:49:54,100 MONICA BERTAGNOLLI'S AND IT BEEN 1343 00:49:54,100 --> 00:49:55,067 IN THE PLANNING FOR ALMOST A 1344 00:49:55,067 --> 00:49:55,568 YEAR NOW. 1345 00:49:55,568 --> 00:49:58,070 SO AGAIN, THE TOPIC IS ACTUALLY 1346 00:49:58,070 --> 00:49:59,605 CARE FOR HEALTH. 1347 00:49:59,605 --> 00:50:00,806 OKAY. 1348 00:50:00,806 --> 00:50:02,274 BUT THAT TOPIC WAS UNVEILED 1349 00:50:02,274 --> 00:50:04,577 YESTERDAY IN A PRESS RELEASE. 1350 00:50:04,577 --> 00:50:06,312 AND THERE'S AN EDITORIAL IN 1351 00:50:06,312 --> 00:50:08,781 SCIENCE THAT WAS PUBLISHED 1352 00:50:08,781 --> 00:50:09,982 YESTERDAY CALLED BASICALLY 1353 00:50:09,982 --> 00:50:11,283 CLINICAL RESEARCH IN 1354 00:50:11,283 --> 00:50:12,384 COMMUNITIES, AND IT WAS AUTHORED 1355 00:50:12,384 --> 00:50:14,453 BY MONICA. 1356 00:50:14,453 --> 00:50:16,222 AND SO THIS IS LITERALLY LIKE 1357 00:50:16,222 --> 00:50:19,758 HOT OFF THE PRESS. 1358 00:50:19,758 --> 00:50:22,595 BUT THE PROBLEM THAT THIS IS 1359 00:50:22,595 --> 00:50:23,896 ADDRESSING IS THAT THE HEALTH OF 1360 00:50:23,896 --> 00:50:27,433 THE U.S. POPULATION IS 1361 00:50:27,433 --> 00:50:30,402 DECLINING, AND IT'S NOT REALLY 1362 00:50:30,402 --> 00:50:32,471 THAT GOOD COMPARED TO WHERE WE 1363 00:50:32,471 --> 00:50:34,373 ARE SOCIOECONOMICALLY AS A 1364 00:50:34,373 --> 00:50:34,773 WHOLE. 1365 00:50:34,773 --> 00:50:37,309 SO YOU'VE ALL SEEN THE 1366 00:50:37,309 --> 00:50:38,511 STATISTICS, AND MONICA HAS BEEN 1367 00:50:38,511 --> 00:50:40,379 TALKING ABOUT THIS, ROB CALIFF 1368 00:50:40,379 --> 00:50:41,847 FROM FDA HAS BEEN TALKING ABOUT 1369 00:50:41,847 --> 00:50:44,917 THIS. 1370 00:50:44,917 --> 00:50:46,318 THAT THE U.S. LIFE EXPECTANCY 1371 00:50:46,318 --> 00:50:47,419 COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES 1372 00:50:47,419 --> 00:50:50,656 AROUND THE WORLD OF SIMILAR 1373 00:50:50,656 --> 00:50:53,058 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IS NOT 1374 00:50:53,058 --> 00:50:53,259 GOOD. 1375 00:50:53,259 --> 00:50:55,895 IN FACT, IT'S ONE OF THE LOWEST. 1376 00:50:55,895 --> 00:51:00,966 LOWESTAGE OUR PEEEST AMONG OUR . 1377 00:51:00,966 --> 00:51:02,501 THAT APPLIES TO THINGS LIKE 1378 00:51:02,501 --> 00:51:04,503 INFANT MORTALITY, OTHER MEASURES 1379 00:51:04,503 --> 00:51:05,504 OF HEALTH, AND THIS GOT WORSE 1380 00:51:05,504 --> 00:51:09,008 DURING THE PANDEMIC, AND THIS 1381 00:51:09,008 --> 00:51:10,409 DECLINE IS THE STEEPEST AMONG 1382 00:51:10,409 --> 00:51:11,911 THE MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED GROUPS 1383 00:51:11,911 --> 00:51:14,413 IN THE U.S. 1384 00:51:14,413 --> 00:51:15,648 SO A LOT OF THIS RELATES TO 1385 00:51:15,648 --> 00:51:18,250 HEALTH DISPARITIES. 1386 00:51:18,250 --> 00:51:19,785 AND WHEN YOU COMPARE THAT TO THE 1387 00:51:19,785 --> 00:51:22,988 AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT WE SPEND ON 1388 00:51:22,988 --> 00:51:25,024 HEALTHCARE AND RESEARCH, THERE'S 1389 00:51:25,024 --> 00:51:29,061 A BIT OF A DISCONNECT THERE. 1390 00:51:29,061 --> 00:51:30,563 SO THAT'S THE PURPOSE OF THIS 1391 00:51:30,563 --> 00:51:31,230 FIRST BULLET POINT. 1392 00:51:31,230 --> 00:51:33,132 HEALTH OF THE U.S. POPULATION IS 1393 00:51:33,132 --> 00:51:34,133 DECLINING, ESPECIALLY IN 1394 00:51:34,133 --> 00:51:37,203 UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS. 1395 00:51:37,203 --> 00:51:40,039 SO THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT, 1396 00:51:40,039 --> 00:51:43,242 CARE FOR HEALTH, IS TO ESTABLISH 1397 00:51:43,242 --> 00:51:45,344 A PRIMARY CARE-FOCUSED NETWORK 1398 00:51:45,344 --> 00:51:47,646 THAT INTEGRATES RESEARCH INTO 1399 00:51:47,646 --> 00:51:53,252 THE ROUTINE CLINICAL CARE 1400 00:51:53,252 --> 00:51:53,852 PROCESS, PARTICULARLY WITHIN 1401 00:51:53,852 --> 00:51:55,120 COMMUNITIES THAT ARE 1402 00:51:55,120 --> 00:51:56,155 UNDERREPRESENTED IN CLINICAL 1403 00:51:56,155 --> 00:51:56,855 RESEARCH. 1404 00:51:56,855 --> 00:52:01,293 AND THERE'S A FOCUS HERE ON 1405 00:52:01,293 --> 00:52:03,262 RURAL COMMUNITIES, AS WELL AS 1406 00:52:03,262 --> 00:52:06,198 UNDERSERVED URBAN COMMUNITIES. 1407 00:52:06,198 --> 00:52:07,600 ONE OF THE PURPOSES OF THIS IS 1408 00:52:07,600 --> 00:52:09,768 TO CREATE A FOUNDATION FOR 1409 00:52:09,768 --> 00:52:11,170 SUSTAINED ENGAGEMENT WITH THOSE 1410 00:52:11,170 --> 00:52:11,604 COMMUNITIES. 1411 00:52:11,604 --> 00:52:15,341 THE GOAL OF THIS IS NOT TO HAVE 1412 00:52:15,341 --> 00:52:16,675 PEOPLE DOING RESEARCH IN THE 1413 00:52:16,675 --> 00:52:18,010 BACKGROUND, BUT REALLY INTEGRATE 1414 00:52:18,010 --> 00:52:21,380 THE COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES WITH 1415 00:52:21,380 --> 00:52:22,881 THE RESEARCH THAT'S HAPPENING. 1416 00:52:22,881 --> 00:52:25,184 THIS NETWORK IS INTENDED TO BE 1417 00:52:25,184 --> 00:52:26,051 DISEASE-AGNOSTIC. 1418 00:52:26,051 --> 00:52:29,054 AND SO THE IDEA IS THAT IT COULD 1419 00:52:29,054 --> 00:52:34,226 APPLY TO ANY OF THE INSTITUTES 1420 00:52:34,226 --> 00:52:38,364 AT THE NIH. 1421 00:52:38,364 --> 00:52:42,501 THERE WAS A ROA ANNOUNCED A FEW 1422 00:52:42,501 --> 00:52:45,504 WEEKS AGO, AND THE LINK IS ON 1423 00:52:45,504 --> 00:52:51,210 THE WEBPAGE BUT THE IDEA IS THAT 1424 00:52:51,210 --> 00:52:52,211 THE INITIAL PROJECT SELECTED 1425 00:52:52,211 --> 00:52:53,979 WILL BE TO EXPAND EXISTING 1426 00:52:53,979 --> 00:52:55,047 STUDIES. 1427 00:52:55,047 --> 00:52:57,483 TO RAMP UP QUICKLY. 1428 00:52:57,483 --> 00:52:59,652 TO EXPAND THEM INTO AREAS THAT 1429 00:52:59,652 --> 00:53:02,655 ARE UNDERREPRESENTED IN CLINICAL 1430 00:53:02,655 --> 00:53:03,656 RESEARCH. 1431 00:53:03,656 --> 00:53:07,693 AND SO THE BUDGET NUMBERS ARE 1432 00:53:07,693 --> 00:53:08,661 ROUGHLY -- DURING THE FIRST 1433 00:53:08,661 --> 00:53:10,029 YEAR, IT'S GOING TO BE 1434 00:53:10,029 --> 00:53:10,796 $30 MILLION, AND THERE'S GOING 1435 00:53:10,796 --> 00:53:13,098 TO BE ANTICIPATED RAMP-UP EVERY 1436 00:53:13,098 --> 00:53:16,001 YEAR AS THIS PROJECT BUILDS. 1437 00:53:16,001 --> 00:53:17,670 SO AGAIN, THERE IS AN EDITORIAL 1438 00:53:17,670 --> 00:53:18,971 IN SCIENCE THAT WAS PUBLISHED 1439 00:53:18,971 --> 00:53:21,373 YESTERDAY ABOUT THIS. 1440 00:53:21,373 --> 00:53:26,011 SO MY QUESTION FOR THE COUNCIL 1441 00:53:26,011 --> 00:53:30,949 ABOUT THIS IS THAT MY 1442 00:53:30,949 --> 00:53:32,351 OBSERVATION IS THAT SOMETIMES 1443 00:53:32,351 --> 00:53:36,055 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT COLLABORATION 1444 00:53:36,055 --> 00:53:40,059 WITH PRIMARY CARE, IF YOU TALK 1445 00:53:40,059 --> 00:53:42,227 TO OPHTHALMOLOGISTS AND 1446 00:53:42,227 --> 00:53:43,462 OPTOMETRISTS, OUR EYES GLAZE 1447 00:53:43,462 --> 00:53:45,698 OVER, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE I'LL 1448 00:53:45,698 --> 00:53:47,866 HEAR THINGS LIKE, WELL, THEY'VE 1449 00:53:47,866 --> 00:53:48,867 GOT TO BRING THEM TO THE EYE 1450 00:53:48,867 --> 00:53:49,468 CLINIC. 1451 00:53:49,468 --> 00:53:50,803 WE HAVE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT IN 1452 00:53:50,803 --> 00:53:52,171 THE EYE CLINIC AND PATIENTS HAVE 1453 00:53:52,171 --> 00:53:53,806 TO COME TO US, YOU KNOW, NOT 1454 00:53:53,806 --> 00:53:54,473 GOING TO THEM. 1455 00:53:54,473 --> 00:53:56,475 AND THIS HAPPENS ALL THE TIME IN 1456 00:53:56,475 --> 00:53:58,010 TERMS OF DOING INPATIENT 1457 00:53:58,010 --> 00:53:59,345 CONSULTS AT THE BEDSIDE, YOU 1458 00:53:59,345 --> 00:54:00,979 KNOW, IT JUST DOESN'T -- PEOPLE 1459 00:54:00,979 --> 00:54:06,518 DON'T LIKE TO DO THAT. 1460 00:54:06,518 --> 00:54:08,387 AND I THINK THERE'S A DEEPER 1461 00:54:08,387 --> 00:54:11,657 QUELL WHICH IS IN THE WORLD NOW, 1462 00:54:11,657 --> 00:54:16,962 THERE'S A TREND MOVING LOCALLY, 1463 00:54:16,962 --> 00:54:18,397 AND THAT CAN MEAN, YOU KNOW, 1464 00:54:18,397 --> 00:54:20,132 PEOPLE WILL SHOP ONLINE INSTEAD 1465 00:54:20,132 --> 00:54:23,869 OF GOING TO THE MALL, ET CETERA, 1466 00:54:23,869 --> 00:54:27,740 AND HOW DO WE MAKE SURE THAT THE 1467 00:54:27,740 --> 00:54:29,041 VISION FIELD DOESN'T GET LEFT 1468 00:54:29,041 --> 00:54:30,809 BEHIND IN THIS, AND HOW CAN WE 1469 00:54:30,809 --> 00:54:33,345 BETTER CONNECT EYE CARE AND 1470 00:54:33,345 --> 00:54:35,314 PRIMARY CARE, NOT ONLY FOR 1471 00:54:35,314 --> 00:54:36,415 INITIATIVES LIKE THIS, BUT A 1472 00:54:36,415 --> 00:54:38,183 LITTLE BIT MORE BROADLY. 1473 00:54:38,183 --> 00:54:41,620 AND SO I WOULD LOVE YOUR 1474 00:54:41,620 --> 00:54:42,154 THOUGHTS ABOUT THIS. 1475 00:54:42,154 --> 00:54:44,790 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT I'VE BEEN 1476 00:54:44,790 --> 00:54:51,964 TRYING TO THINK THROUGH. 1477 00:54:51,964 --> 00:54:57,136 >> VICTOR PEREZ, UNIVERSITY OF 1478 00:54:57,136 --> 00:54:57,603 MIAMI. 1479 00:54:57,603 --> 00:54:58,771 MICHAEL, I THINK IT'S ABOUT 1480 00:54:58,771 --> 00:55:01,640 EDUCATION AND REACHING OUT TO 1481 00:55:01,640 --> 00:55:02,141 THE PRIMARY CARE FIELD. 1482 00:55:02,141 --> 00:55:03,675 AS YOU MENTIONED WHEN WE'RE 1483 00:55:03,675 --> 00:55:06,612 TRAINING, YEAH, WE WANT PATIENTS 1484 00:55:06,612 --> 00:55:09,214 TO COME TO US, AND THE DOCTORS 1485 00:55:09,214 --> 00:55:09,715 TOO. 1486 00:55:09,715 --> 00:55:10,949 SO I THINK REACHING OUT TO THE 1487 00:55:10,949 --> 00:55:11,583 PRIMARY CARE COMMUNITY AND 1488 00:55:11,583 --> 00:55:15,020 PERHAPS GIVING MORE EDUCATION 1489 00:55:15,020 --> 00:55:16,255 ABOUT EYE, YOU CAN UNDERSTAND 1490 00:55:16,255 --> 00:55:17,289 MANY PHYSICIANS ARE AFRAID OF 1491 00:55:17,289 --> 00:55:19,425 THE EYE ACTUALLY, OH, I DON'T 1492 00:55:19,425 --> 00:55:20,225 TOUCH THE EYE. 1493 00:55:20,225 --> 00:55:23,929 SO I THINK A VERY PROACTIVE 1494 00:55:23,929 --> 00:55:24,830 APPROACH TOWARDS EDUCATION OF 1495 00:55:24,830 --> 00:55:26,799 THE PRIMARY CARE COMMUNITY WOULD 1496 00:55:26,799 --> 00:55:28,467 BE VERY HELPFUL. 1497 00:55:28,467 --> 00:55:31,770 MAYBE, YOU KNOW, START WITH LOW 1498 00:55:31,770 --> 00:55:32,738 HANGING FRUITS DISEASES, LIKE 1499 00:55:32,738 --> 00:55:33,939 YOU WERE SAYING, DIABETES, ET 1500 00:55:33,939 --> 00:55:35,474 CETERA, THAT THEY CAN IDENTIFY 1501 00:55:35,474 --> 00:55:38,377 OR COMMON THINGS THEY SEE, 1502 00:55:38,377 --> 00:55:40,779 HYPERTENSION, AND USE THAT AS A 1503 00:55:40,779 --> 00:55:42,314 PLATFORM TO HAVE THEM IDENTIFY 1504 00:55:42,314 --> 00:55:43,682 WHAT WE CAN DO. 1505 00:55:43,682 --> 00:55:44,983 AND YOUR POINT IS VERY WELL 1506 00:55:44,983 --> 00:55:45,317 TAKEN. 1507 00:55:45,317 --> 00:55:47,586 NOW THAT YOU'RE TAKING THIS 1508 00:55:47,586 --> 00:55:49,555 INITIATIVE ON IMAGING, ET 1509 00:55:49,555 --> 00:55:50,923 CETERA, THAT'S THE DIRECT 1510 00:55:50,923 --> 00:55:51,790 IMPLICATION, YOU PUT THOSE 1511 00:55:51,790 --> 00:55:55,427 MACHINES WHERE THEY SHOULD BE, 1512 00:55:55,427 --> 00:55:56,829 AND EDUCATE THEM THAT THEY CAN 1513 00:55:56,829 --> 00:56:01,366 BE USED IN A FRIENDLY USER 1514 00:56:01,366 --> 00:56:04,870 MANNER THAT WON'T DISRUPT THEIR 1515 00:56:04,870 --> 00:56:05,971 PRACTICE OR THEIR FLOW BECAUSE 1516 00:56:05,971 --> 00:56:06,805 THEY'RE SEEING PATIENTS TOO. 1517 00:56:06,805 --> 00:56:08,407 >> THANK YOU. 1518 00:56:08,407 --> 00:56:14,680 I SEA RAY SEE REZA, THEN VINU. 1519 00:56:14,680 --> 00:56:16,448 >> THANK YOU. 1520 00:56:16,448 --> 00:56:17,449 REZA DANA, BOSTON. 1521 00:56:17,449 --> 00:56:18,917 I AGREE WITH YOU, VICTOR, VERY 1522 00:56:18,917 --> 00:56:20,252 MUCH ABOUT EDUCATION. 1523 00:56:20,252 --> 00:56:24,089 IT ALSO GOOD TO KEEP IN MIND 1524 00:56:24,089 --> 00:56:25,591 THAT THERE'S ONLY A VERY SMALL 1525 00:56:25,591 --> 00:56:26,825 NUMBER OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS THAT 1526 00:56:26,825 --> 00:56:28,827 HAVE ANY REQUIRED OPHTHALMOLOGY 1527 00:56:28,827 --> 00:56:29,361 CURRICULUM. 1528 00:56:29,361 --> 00:56:30,896 THOSE NUMBERS ARE DWINDLING AS 1529 00:56:30,896 --> 00:56:33,365 MORE AND MORE OTHER TOPICS ARE 1530 00:56:33,365 --> 00:56:35,200 BEING ADDED TO THE CURRICULUM. 1531 00:56:35,200 --> 00:56:40,138 THERE'S A COMPETITION SO WHAT TO 1532 00:56:40,138 --> 00:56:42,608 GET ON, THEREFORE, WE'RE SEEING 1533 00:56:42,608 --> 00:56:44,243 GRADUATION OF PHYSICIANS WHO 1534 00:56:44,243 --> 00:56:47,212 KNOW IN SOME WAYS RELATIVELY 1535 00:56:47,212 --> 00:56:49,414 LESS ABOUT OPHTHALMIC DISORDERS 1536 00:56:49,414 --> 00:56:52,718 THAN PERHAPS THEIR PEERS DID A 1537 00:56:52,718 --> 00:56:53,485 GENERATION OR TWO AGO. 1538 00:56:53,485 --> 00:56:58,323 SO I THINK EFFORTS TO TRY TO 1539 00:56:58,323 --> 00:56:58,991 DISSEMINATE THAT KNOWLEDGE AND 1540 00:56:58,991 --> 00:57:02,261 ALSO NOT FOCUS EXCLUSIVELY ON 1541 00:57:02,261 --> 00:57:03,929 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, I THINK 1542 00:57:03,929 --> 00:57:04,963 ALL PHYSICIANS KNOW, YES, 1543 00:57:04,963 --> 00:57:06,598 DIABETES HITS THE EYE, BUT, YOU 1544 00:57:06,598 --> 00:57:07,933 KNOW, THERE'S MORE TO IT, AND 1545 00:57:07,933 --> 00:57:12,004 THAT KNOWLEDGE HAS BEEN 1546 00:57:12,004 --> 00:57:13,105 INCORPORATED INTO MANY 1547 00:57:13,105 --> 00:57:14,106 ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD 1548 00:57:14,106 --> 00:57:16,708 SYSTEMS SO THAT JUST LIKE 1549 00:57:16,708 --> 00:57:19,578 VACCINATION PROMPTS COME UP, A 1550 00:57:19,578 --> 00:57:22,781 PATIENT'S VISITS ALSO GET 1551 00:57:22,781 --> 00:57:27,152 FLAGGED IF THEY'RE DIABETIC OR 1552 00:57:27,152 --> 00:57:27,986 PREDIABETIC, WHETHER THEY'VE HAD 1553 00:57:27,986 --> 00:57:29,354 AN EYE EXAM, THAT'S ALL GOOD BUT 1554 00:57:29,354 --> 00:57:31,590 THERE'S OBVIOUSLY MORE ABOUT 1555 00:57:31,590 --> 00:57:33,458 SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND EYE 1556 00:57:33,458 --> 00:57:34,259 DISEASE THAN JUST DIABETES. 1557 00:57:34,259 --> 00:57:36,428 THANK YOU. 1558 00:57:36,428 --> 00:57:37,930 >> VINIT MAHAJAN, STANFORD 1559 00:57:37,930 --> 00:57:38,230 UNIVERSITY. 1560 00:57:38,230 --> 00:57:39,665 I THINK OUR PRIMARY CARE 1561 00:57:39,665 --> 00:57:42,167 PHYSICIANS HAVE A MILLION THINGS 1562 00:57:42,167 --> 00:57:44,536 TO DO IN A SHORT VISIT, SO IT IS 1563 00:57:44,536 --> 00:57:46,505 QUITE CHALLENGING. 1564 00:57:46,505 --> 00:57:52,077 WHAT'S AMAZING IS THAT EVEN IN 1565 00:57:52,077 --> 00:57:55,180 WELL-SERVED COMMUNITIES WITH 1566 00:57:55,180 --> 00:57:57,182 WELL-INSURED PATIENTS, THEY MISS 1567 00:57:57,182 --> 00:57:58,917 THEIR DIABETES EXAMS AND 1568 00:57:58,917 --> 00:58:01,119 DIABETES REFERRALS. 1569 00:58:01,119 --> 00:58:02,854 AT STANFORD, WE'VE HAD SOME 1570 00:58:02,854 --> 00:58:06,725 SUCCESS DEPLOYING CAMERAS TO A 1571 00:58:06,725 --> 00:58:10,128 VARIETY OF PRIMARY CARE CLINICS 1572 00:58:10,128 --> 00:58:11,229 ACROSS NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. 1573 00:58:11,229 --> 00:58:14,132 THE ORIGINAL CONCERN WAS THAT 1574 00:58:14,132 --> 00:58:15,334 OPHTHALMOLOGISTS MIGHT LOSE 1575 00:58:15,334 --> 00:58:17,002 THESE PATIENTS THAT THEY WON'T 1576 00:58:17,002 --> 00:58:18,870 EVER COME SEE AN EYE DOCTOR, BUT 1577 00:58:18,870 --> 00:58:23,275 WHAT WE'VE FOUND IS USING AN 1578 00:58:23,275 --> 00:58:24,977 A.I. PROCEDURE AND INTEGRATING 1579 00:58:24,977 --> 00:58:27,045 THAT WITH HUMAN EVALUATION OF 1580 00:58:27,045 --> 00:58:29,314 THE IMAGES, WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO 1581 00:58:29,314 --> 00:58:30,849 SCREEN A LOT MORE PATIENT AND 1582 00:58:30,849 --> 00:58:33,352 ACTUALLY GET PATIENTS TO COME IN 1583 00:58:33,352 --> 00:58:35,687 TO SEE US AS A REFERRAL, BUT THE 1584 00:58:35,687 --> 00:58:37,022 PATIENTS THAT DON'T NECESSARILY 1585 00:58:37,022 --> 00:58:38,991 NEED TO COME IN TO AN 1586 00:58:38,991 --> 00:58:41,393 OPHTHALMOLOGIST ARE NOT CLOGGING 1587 00:58:41,393 --> 00:58:43,028 UP THE CLINIC. 1588 00:58:43,028 --> 00:58:47,499 I THINK AS THE IMAGING OUTCOMES 1589 00:58:47,499 --> 00:58:48,667 GO BEYOND DIABETES, THE ABILITY 1590 00:58:48,667 --> 00:58:50,969 TO LOOK AT HYPERTENSION AND 1591 00:58:50,969 --> 00:58:52,904 DIFFERENT SYSTEMIC DISEASES, 1592 00:58:52,904 --> 00:58:53,672 THAT THERE'S LOTS OF 1593 00:58:53,672 --> 00:58:55,407 OPPORTUNITIES JUST BY TAKING OUR 1594 00:58:55,407 --> 00:58:57,709 STRENGTH IN IMAGING AND MAKING 1595 00:58:57,709 --> 00:59:00,512 THAT REALLY EASILY ACCESSIBLE IN 1596 00:59:00,512 --> 00:59:02,180 A PRIMARY CARE CLINIC. 1597 00:59:02,180 --> 00:59:05,884 >> VINU, THANKS. 1598 00:59:05,884 --> 00:59:06,351 PRADEEP? 1599 00:59:06,351 --> 00:59:09,521 >> THE WAY I SEE THIS PROPOSAL, 1600 00:59:09,521 --> 00:59:12,691 IT'S NOT NECESSARILY TO -- IS TO 1601 00:59:12,691 --> 00:59:14,760 GET PRIMARY CARE DOCTORS TO BE 1602 00:59:14,760 --> 00:59:16,028 MORE ENGAGED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. 1603 00:59:16,028 --> 00:59:17,796 BUT IT'S TO KIND OF CREATE A 1604 00:59:17,796 --> 00:59:18,497 RESEARCH CONNECTION BETWEEN THE 1605 00:59:18,497 --> 00:59:19,431 TWO. 1606 00:59:19,431 --> 00:59:21,566 BUT I THINK THAT ARE CREATING A 1607 00:59:21,566 --> 00:59:22,334 RESEARCH CONNECTION BETWEEN THE 1608 00:59:22,334 --> 00:59:24,736 TWO, IF WE DEVELOP MACHINES AND 1609 00:59:24,736 --> 00:59:27,439 ALGORITHMS THAT CAN -- THAT ARE 1610 00:59:27,439 --> 00:59:30,475 SCREENED FOR HYPERTENSION OR 1611 00:59:30,475 --> 00:59:32,077 INCIDENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY OR 1612 00:59:32,077 --> 00:59:34,413 OTHER DISEASES AND MAKE STRONGER 1613 00:59:34,413 --> 00:59:35,981 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE EYE AND 1614 00:59:35,981 --> 00:59:37,315 SYSTEMIC HEALTH, I THINK THOSE 1615 00:59:37,315 --> 00:59:38,216 CONNECTIONS WILL NATURALLY 1616 00:59:38,216 --> 00:59:39,051 HAPPEN. 1617 00:59:39,051 --> 00:59:41,887 THEY WON'T HAPPEN IN ONE OR TWO 1618 00:59:41,887 --> 00:59:43,922 YEARS BULL IT MIGHT BE IN THE 1619 00:59:43,922 --> 00:59:45,290 TIME FRAME OF ONE TO TWO 1620 00:59:45,290 --> 00:59:45,924 DECADES. 1621 00:59:45,924 --> 00:59:47,059 I REALLY LIKE THE IDEA. 1622 00:59:47,059 --> 00:59:48,593 I WAS LOOKING AT THE WEBSITE 1623 00:59:48,593 --> 00:59:51,329 THAT YOU PUT UP THERE, MICHAEL. 1624 00:59:51,329 --> 00:59:53,565 AND YOU KNOW, HOW DO YOU GET 1625 00:59:53,565 --> 00:59:55,100 PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THESE 1626 00:59:55,100 --> 00:59:58,737 CLINICS ARE, WHO THEY'RE 1627 00:59:58,737 --> 01:00:00,305 TESTING, WHAT KIND OF DATA THEY 1628 01:00:00,305 --> 01:00:03,275 WOULD HAVE ON PATIENTS. 1629 01:00:03,275 --> 01:00:04,242 BECAUSE PRESUMABLY IF YOU PUT IN 1630 01:00:04,242 --> 01:00:08,580 AN OCT OR OCTA OR, YOU KNOW, A 1631 01:00:08,580 --> 01:00:11,316 LASER SPECKLE DEVICE OR 1632 01:00:11,316 --> 01:00:14,152 SOMETHING OF THAT NATURE IN 1633 01:00:14,152 --> 01:00:16,722 THESE CLINICS, WHAT DO YOU TIE 1634 01:00:16,722 --> 01:00:17,055 THAT TO? 1635 01:00:17,055 --> 01:00:18,356 WHAT IS THE CONNECTION WITH 1636 01:00:18,356 --> 01:00:21,593 REGARDS TO THEIR SYSTEMIC HEALTH 1637 01:00:21,593 --> 01:00:22,761 AND SYSTEMIC WELL-BEING, AND ARE 1638 01:00:22,761 --> 01:00:25,997 THEY GOING TO HAVE A VERY WELL 1639 01:00:25,997 --> 01:00:31,303 CATALOGED SET OF SYSTEMIC HEALTH 1640 01:00:31,303 --> 01:00:32,471 MEASURES THAT YOU CAN BUILD UPON 1641 01:00:32,471 --> 01:00:33,605 TO DO YOUR RESEARCH. 1642 01:00:33,605 --> 01:00:34,673 THEN HOW IS THAT GOING TO WORK 1643 01:00:34,673 --> 01:00:36,408 OUT FROM A LOGISTIC STANDPOINT? 1644 01:00:36,408 --> 01:00:37,476 BUT I LOVE THE IDEA. 1645 01:00:37,476 --> 01:00:38,910 >> DON, THEN MARIA. 1646 01:00:38,910 --> 01:00:40,712 >> MY THOUGHT ON THIS WAS NOT SO 1647 01:00:40,712 --> 01:00:44,950 MUCH ABOUT TECHNOLOGY OR 1648 01:00:44,950 --> 01:00:47,919 RESEARCH PROPOSAL, BUT I WAS 1649 01:00:47,919 --> 01:00:50,122 THINKING ABOUT HOW DO YOU 1650 01:00:50,122 --> 01:00:52,257 IMPROVE SERVICE TO THE 1651 01:00:52,257 --> 01:00:53,558 UNDERSERVED AND ONE ASPECT OF IT 1652 01:00:53,558 --> 01:00:58,029 IS MAYBE NOT TECHNOLOGY BUT 1653 01:00:58,029 --> 01:01:03,969 PEOPLE, AND THINKING ABOUT HOW 1654 01:01:03,969 --> 01:01:06,071 OUR RECENT GRADUATE CLINICIANS, 1655 01:01:06,071 --> 01:01:10,142 YOU KNOW, WHERE DO YOU CHOOSE TO 1656 01:01:10,142 --> 01:01:10,408 PRACTICE. 1657 01:01:10,408 --> 01:01:12,477 AND MANY WILL AVOID -- WHY ARE 1658 01:01:12,477 --> 01:01:16,314 THESE AREAS UNDERSERVED? 1659 01:01:16,314 --> 01:01:17,849 BECAUSE PRACTITIONERS DON'T WANT 1660 01:01:17,849 --> 01:01:20,385 TO LOCATE IN THOSE AREAS, AND 1661 01:01:20,385 --> 01:01:21,953 ASKING THIS QUESTION TO RECENT 1662 01:01:21,953 --> 01:01:23,121 GRADUATES, WHAT MIGHT MOTIVATE 1663 01:01:23,121 --> 01:01:25,590 YOU TO BE MORE INCLINED TOWARDS 1664 01:01:25,590 --> 01:01:29,060 SOMETHING THAT'S PERHAPS GEARED 1665 01:01:29,060 --> 01:01:31,563 TOWARD SERVICE TO THE 1666 01:01:31,563 --> 01:01:32,631 UNDERSERVED, AND LOAN 1667 01:01:32,631 --> 01:01:34,933 FORGIVENESS WAS THEIR NUMBER ONE 1668 01:01:34,933 --> 01:01:37,068 ANSWER, IF THERE WAS SOME 1669 01:01:37,068 --> 01:01:40,005 INCENTIVE TO ENGAGE IN A MORE 1670 01:01:40,005 --> 01:01:41,907 PUBLIC SERVICE ORIENTED CAREER, 1671 01:01:41,907 --> 01:01:47,913 MAYBE EARLY IN THEIR CAREER, 1672 01:01:47,913 --> 01:01:49,181 THERE USED TO BE QUITE A DRIVE 1673 01:01:49,181 --> 01:01:50,816 TO THINK ABOUT THE PEACE CORPS 1674 01:01:50,816 --> 01:01:52,017 OR VOLUNTEERS FOR AMERICA. 1675 01:01:52,017 --> 01:01:56,454 I'M NOT SURE THAT THAT AWARENESS 1676 01:01:56,454 --> 01:01:57,889 IS ON THE MINDS OF YOUNG PEOPLE 1677 01:01:57,889 --> 01:02:00,659 AS IT MAYBE ONCE WAS. 1678 01:02:00,659 --> 01:02:03,328 SO THAT'S ONE THOUGHT ABOUT 1679 01:02:03,328 --> 01:02:05,063 IMPROVING SERVICE TO THE 1680 01:02:05,063 --> 01:02:09,434 UNDERSERVED, IS MOTIVATING MORE 1681 01:02:09,434 --> 01:02:11,169 CLINICIANS TO WANT TO PRACTICE 1682 01:02:11,169 --> 01:02:12,838 IN THOSE AREAS. 1683 01:02:12,838 --> 01:02:14,406 >> DON, THANKS. 1684 01:02:14,406 --> 01:02:14,606 MARIA? 1685 01:02:14,606 --> 01:02:16,741 >> YEAH, EVERYBODY'S MADE -- 1686 01:02:16,741 --> 01:02:18,043 MARIA GRANT. 1687 01:02:18,043 --> 01:02:19,110 EVERYBODY'S MADE GREAT POINTS, 1688 01:02:19,110 --> 01:02:20,545 AND IT'S HARD TO ADD SOMETHING 1689 01:02:20,545 --> 01:02:23,215 TO IT, BUT WHAT CAME TO MY MIND 1690 01:02:23,215 --> 01:02:25,917 WHEN YOU MENTIONED IT WAS THE 1691 01:02:25,917 --> 01:02:29,988 FACT THAT EVEN WITHIN ACADEMIC 1692 01:02:29,988 --> 01:02:31,923 COMMUNITIES, PULMONOLOGISTS, 1693 01:02:31,923 --> 01:02:33,258 CARDIOLOGIST, HEMATOLOGISTS 1694 01:02:33,258 --> 01:02:34,292 DON'T APPRECIATE HOW IMPORTANT 1695 01:02:34,292 --> 01:02:37,796 THE EYE CAN BE FOR A VISION INTO 1696 01:02:37,796 --> 01:02:38,797 THEIR DISEASES. 1697 01:02:38,797 --> 01:02:42,267 AND I DON'T -- WITH TIME BEING 1698 01:02:42,267 --> 01:02:48,473 AN ENEMY TO EVERYONE, EEFER ONEE 1699 01:02:48,473 --> 01:02:49,574 IN PRACTICE HAS TO GO THROUGH 1700 01:02:49,574 --> 01:02:51,042 PATIENTS SO QUICKLY, NO ONE SEES 1701 01:02:51,042 --> 01:02:52,677 IT AS A PRIORITY. 1702 01:02:52,677 --> 01:02:55,180 SO THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY 1703 01:02:55,180 --> 01:02:56,681 HYPERTENSION CAN OCCUR SO MUCH 1704 01:02:56,681 --> 01:02:57,682 EARLIER IF YOU LOOK AT THE 1705 01:02:57,682 --> 01:02:58,884 RETINA, THE SAME THING WITH 1706 01:02:58,884 --> 01:03:01,920 SICKLE DISEASE, YOU'RE GOING TO 1707 01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:03,555 ANTICIPATE A CRISIS, 1708 01:03:03,555 --> 01:03:05,290 HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY. 1709 01:03:05,290 --> 01:03:06,825 ALL THESE THINGS COULD BE MADE 1710 01:03:06,825 --> 01:03:08,093 EASIER FOR THE PATIENT AS WELL 1711 01:03:08,093 --> 01:03:09,427 AS THE PHYSICIAN, BUT THE 1712 01:03:09,427 --> 01:03:10,829 PRIORITY ISN'T THERE. 1713 01:03:10,829 --> 01:03:12,264 IT'S LIKE TRYING TO DO A 1714 01:03:12,264 --> 01:03:13,965 CLINICAL STUDY WITH 1715 01:03:13,965 --> 01:03:15,600 PULMONOLOGISTS, WHICH WE'VE 1716 01:03:15,600 --> 01:03:17,569 TRIED, CARDIOLOGISTS, IT'S VERY, 1717 01:03:17,569 --> 01:03:19,771 VERY DIFFICULT UNLESS YOU HAVE 1718 01:03:19,771 --> 01:03:22,107 SOMEONE RECEPTIVE AT THE OTHER 1719 01:03:22,107 --> 01:03:23,875 END THAT WILL TAKE TIME IN THEIR 1720 01:03:23,875 --> 01:03:25,610 CLINIC TO HELP EVALUATE THOSE 1721 01:03:25,610 --> 01:03:26,044 PATIENTS, ET CETERA. 1722 01:03:26,044 --> 01:03:29,614 SO I THINK THE ISSUE IS ALSO 1723 01:03:29,614 --> 01:03:31,549 MAKING THE DATA THAT SHOWS THAT 1724 01:03:31,549 --> 01:03:34,986 THE RETINA IS A WINDOW TO 1725 01:03:34,986 --> 01:03:38,757 SYSTEMIC DISEASE MORE OF A 1726 01:03:38,757 --> 01:03:39,624 MAINSTREAM RATHER THAN JUST SORT 1727 01:03:39,624 --> 01:03:43,361 OF AN AFTERTHOUGHT TO GET -- TO 1728 01:03:43,361 --> 01:03:45,597 ENGAGE LIKE-MINDED PHYSICIAN 1729 01:03:45,597 --> 01:03:49,200 SCIENTISTS LIKE OUR ACADEMIC 1730 01:03:49,200 --> 01:03:50,268 COMMUNITY STILL ISN'T ON BOARD. 1731 01:03:50,268 --> 01:03:53,138 SO I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT 1732 01:03:53,138 --> 01:03:56,274 REALLY -- WE NEED TO EDUCATE THE 1733 01:03:56,274 --> 01:03:59,110 PATIENTS, BUT ALSO TO MAKE THE 1734 01:03:59,110 --> 01:04:01,079 DATA EASIER FOR OTHER 1735 01:04:01,079 --> 01:04:02,781 COMMUNITIES, YOU KNOW, TO SEE, 1736 01:04:02,781 --> 01:04:05,317 BUT THE PULMONOLOGIST, 1737 01:04:05,317 --> 01:04:06,685 HEMATOLOGIST, CARDIOLOGIST, AND 1738 01:04:06,685 --> 01:04:09,754 I KNOW YOU GO -- MICHAEL, YOU 1739 01:04:09,754 --> 01:04:10,755 BROUGHT INTO THE IRCH 1740 01:04:10,755 --> 01:04:12,624 INSTITUTIONS AND YOU TALK ABOUT 1741 01:04:12,624 --> 01:04:14,693 ALL THE PROGRAMS AND THE GRANTS 1742 01:04:14,693 --> 01:04:17,629 AND WHAT NEI IS DOING, BUT 1743 01:04:17,629 --> 01:04:20,332 SOMETIMES JUST MAKING -- YOU GET 1744 01:04:20,332 --> 01:04:22,200 PEOPLE'S ATTENTION AND JUST ALSO 1745 01:04:22,200 --> 01:04:24,235 TALKING ABOUT THE ACTUAL STUDIES 1746 01:04:24,235 --> 01:04:25,770 THAT SUPPORT THE VALIDITY OF 1747 01:04:25,770 --> 01:04:29,174 THIS IS LIKE, OKAY, MAYBE IF 1748 01:04:29,174 --> 01:04:31,042 THEY'RE AWARE OF IT, THEY MAY 1749 01:04:31,042 --> 01:04:32,177 TAKE IT MORE SERIOUSLY. 1750 01:04:32,177 --> 01:04:35,480 THEN THE OTHER THING WITH REGARD 1751 01:04:35,480 --> 01:04:36,481 TO COMMUNITIES, I THINK THERE'S 1752 01:04:36,481 --> 01:04:39,718 A LOT OF STATE INITIATIVES. 1753 01:04:39,718 --> 01:04:41,553 I HATE TO KEEP TALKING ABOUT 1754 01:04:41,553 --> 01:04:42,554 ALABAMA BUT I KNOW ABOUT THAT 1755 01:04:42,554 --> 01:04:45,590 FOR SURE, WHERE THEY'RE TRYING 1756 01:04:45,590 --> 01:04:46,691 TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS EARLIER SO 1757 01:04:46,691 --> 01:04:51,162 THAT THEY CAN TREAT HYPERTENSIVE 1758 01:04:51,162 --> 01:04:53,832 RETINOPATHY EARLIER, TREAT D.R., 1759 01:04:53,832 --> 01:04:56,067 ET CETERA, BUT THEY'RE NOT -- 1760 01:04:56,067 --> 01:04:57,035 MAYBE PARTNERING WITH THEM 1761 01:04:57,035 --> 01:04:58,770 BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT VERY 1762 01:04:58,770 --> 01:04:59,104 EFFECTIVE. 1763 01:04:59,104 --> 01:05:01,072 PATIENTS ARE STILL COMING IN THE 1764 01:05:01,072 --> 01:05:03,041 EYE CLINICS WITH REALLY ADVANCED 1765 01:05:03,041 --> 01:05:03,608 DISEASE. 1766 01:05:03,608 --> 01:05:06,811 THEY HAVE NO PRIMARY CARE 1767 01:05:06,811 --> 01:05:07,946 DOCTOR, THEY HAVE NO -- OF 1768 01:05:07,946 --> 01:05:15,253 COURSE THEN THEY DON'T HAVE A 1769 01:05:15,253 --> 01:05:15,887 DIABETOLOGIST, THEY DON'T EVEN 1770 01:05:15,887 --> 01:05:18,256 HAVE A PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR. 1771 01:05:18,256 --> 01:05:19,691 SO I THINK THERE'S A BIG GAP IN 1772 01:05:19,691 --> 01:05:20,025 AVAILABILITY. 1773 01:05:20,025 --> 01:05:21,326 THERE'S A LOT OF PATIENTS THAT 1774 01:05:21,326 --> 01:05:23,061 ARE JUST NOT BEING TREATED, AND 1775 01:05:23,061 --> 01:05:25,497 THAT'S A HUGE,, BIGGER PROBLEM 1776 01:05:25,497 --> 01:05:29,501 THAN WHAT WE CAN CERTAINLY DEAL 1777 01:05:29,501 --> 01:05:31,236 WITH TODAY, BUT I THINK 1778 01:05:31,236 --> 01:05:32,871 CAPTURING THAT POPULATION 1779 01:05:32,871 --> 01:05:33,872 THROUGH EDUCATION MAY BE HELPFUL 1780 01:05:33,872 --> 01:05:34,839 AS WELL. 1781 01:05:34,839 --> 01:05:36,107 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1782 01:05:36,107 --> 01:05:41,312 SO APPRECIATE ALL THESE COMME 1783 01:05:41,312 --> 01:05:41,579 COMMENTS. 1784 01:05:41,579 --> 01:05:43,581 I THINK THAT AS I LISTEN TO 1785 01:05:43,581 --> 01:05:45,083 THIS, I THINK THERE'S A LOT OF 1786 01:05:45,083 --> 01:05:47,552 INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE SCIENCE, 1787 01:05:47,552 --> 01:05:52,524 WHAT YOU CAN DIAGNOSE WITH 1788 01:05:52,524 --> 01:05:53,725 SOMETHING IN THE PRIMARY CARE 1789 01:05:53,725 --> 01:05:54,893 SETTING, A LOT OF THESE COMMENTS 1790 01:05:54,893 --> 01:06:00,031 HAVE FOCUSED ON TECHNOLOGY, AND 1791 01:06:00,031 --> 01:06:02,000 ALSO ON THE POLICY. 1792 01:06:02,000 --> 01:06:05,070 IN OTHER WORDS, RIGHT NOW THERE 1793 01:06:05,070 --> 01:06:07,539 ARE GUIDELINES IN EVERY 1794 01:06:07,539 --> 01:06:09,307 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OPTOMETRIC 1795 01:06:09,307 --> 01:06:10,708 SOCIETY THAT PEOPLE NEED TO HAVE 1796 01:06:10,708 --> 01:06:12,477 AN EYE EXAM ONCE A YEAR USUALLY, 1797 01:06:12,477 --> 01:06:13,878 OR ONCE EVERY TWO YEARS, ONCE 1798 01:06:13,878 --> 01:06:18,249 YOU'RE ABOVE A CERTAIN AGE. 1799 01:06:18,249 --> 01:06:24,089 AND IF YOU GET YOUR SCREENING -- 1800 01:06:24,089 --> 01:06:25,323 IF YOU GET YOUR THING IN THE 1801 01:06:25,323 --> 01:06:26,524 PRIMARY CARE AND YOU STILL NEED 1802 01:06:26,524 --> 01:06:27,826 TO SEE AN EYE DOCTOR ONCE A 1803 01:06:27,826 --> 01:06:29,360 YEAR, IS THAT REALLY SAVING THE 1804 01:06:29,360 --> 01:06:32,197 SYSTEM MONEY, AND DO WE NEED TO 1805 01:06:32,197 --> 01:06:33,364 RE-ADJUST THE POLICY AND THE 1806 01:06:33,364 --> 01:06:34,032 PAYMENT AND ALL THIS. 1807 01:06:34,032 --> 01:06:35,767 SO I FEEL LIKE THIS IS A 1808 01:06:35,767 --> 01:06:37,235 COMPLICATED ISSUE THAT INVOLVES 1809 01:06:37,235 --> 01:06:39,037 A LOT OF DIFFERENT AREAS. 1810 01:06:39,037 --> 01:06:40,438 BUT THESE COMMENTS ARE REALLY 1811 01:06:40,438 --> 01:06:40,672 USEFUL. 1812 01:06:40,672 --> 01:06:46,344 THANK YOU. 1813 01:06:46,344 --> 01:06:48,513 THE NEXT BULLET POINT IN THAT 1814 01:06:48,513 --> 01:06:50,148 MISSION, FOSTER COLLABORATIONS. 1815 01:06:50,148 --> 01:06:53,751 AND I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT A 1816 01:06:53,751 --> 01:06:54,719 FEW THINGS HERE. 1817 01:06:54,719 --> 01:06:57,455 NUMBER ONE, SYNTHETIC DATA. 1818 01:06:57,455 --> 01:07:01,693 YOU KNOW, AMBER REID AND KERRY 1819 01:07:01,693 --> 01:07:03,461 GOETZ HAVE BEEN WORKING ON A 1820 01:07:03,461 --> 01:07:12,504 SYNTHETIC DATA RESOURCE. 1821 01:07:12,504 --> 01:07:17,075 SYNTHEA IS A RESOURCE THAT 1822 01:07:17,075 --> 01:07:18,176 GENERATES SYNTHETIC DATA, THAT 1823 01:07:18,176 --> 01:07:20,311 HE DO A LOT OF GOVERNMENT 1824 01:07:20,311 --> 01:07:21,546 CONTRACTING, AND THEY'VE NOW 1825 01:07:21,546 --> 01:07:23,181 CREATED A FREELY ACCESSIBLE -- 1826 01:07:23,181 --> 01:07:26,117 THEY'VE CREATED A FREELY SICIAL 1827 01:07:26,117 --> 01:07:29,521 TOOL, IF YOU GO TO THIS WEBSITE, 1828 01:07:29,521 --> 01:07:32,323 AND WHY WOULD YOU WANT SYNTHETIC 1829 01:07:32,323 --> 01:07:33,324 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATA? 1830 01:07:33,324 --> 01:07:35,927 ONE OF THE APPLICATIONS FOR THIS 1831 01:07:35,927 --> 01:07:38,029 IS IF THERE WERE PEOPLE, FOR 1832 01:07:38,029 --> 01:07:43,501 EXAMPLE, TRYING TO TEST NEW 1833 01:07:43,501 --> 01:07:44,869 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD 1834 01:07:44,869 --> 01:07:49,707 INTERFACES OR SYSTEMS OR 1835 01:07:49,707 --> 01:07:50,909 INTEROPERABILITY, CONNECTING 1836 01:07:50,909 --> 01:07:53,044 DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, ONE OF THE 1837 01:07:53,044 --> 01:07:54,913 COMPLAINTS THAT WE ALWAYS HEAR 1838 01:07:54,913 --> 01:07:57,982 IS, WELL, THEY HAVE NO EHL DATA 1839 01:07:57,982 --> 01:07:59,584 TO USE. 1840 01:07:59,584 --> 01:08:00,852 IT IMPOSSIBLE TO GET BECAUSE YOU 1841 01:08:00,852 --> 01:08:03,087 HAVE TO IF THROUGH ALL THESE 1842 01:08:03,087 --> 01:08:05,390 PRIVACY AGREEMENTS, SO THAT WAS 1843 01:08:05,390 --> 01:08:07,992 THE MAIN MOTIVATOR FOR THIS 1844 01:08:07,992 --> 01:08:08,960 TOOL. 1845 01:08:08,960 --> 01:08:10,295 BASICALLY SOMETHING FOR 1846 01:08:10,295 --> 01:08:12,363 DEVELOPERS TO USE. 1847 01:08:12,363 --> 01:08:14,265 NOW, I ONCE WORKED WITH A PH.D. 1848 01:08:14,265 --> 01:08:15,833 STUDENT IN MY OWN ACADEMIC LIFE 1849 01:08:15,833 --> 01:08:18,236 WHO GENERATED SYNTHETIC DATA AND 1850 01:08:18,236 --> 01:08:20,405 WE USE THAT SYNTHETIC DATA TO 1851 01:08:20,405 --> 01:08:22,807 TRAIN A.I. SYSTEMS, AND IT 1852 01:08:22,807 --> 01:08:24,409 WORKED ACTUALLY VERY, VERY WELL. 1853 01:08:24,409 --> 01:08:25,410 RIGHT NOW, THAT'S NOT THE INTENT 1854 01:08:25,410 --> 01:08:27,245 OF THIS. 1855 01:08:27,245 --> 01:08:30,248 THIS IS REALLY INTENDED FOR 1856 01:08:30,248 --> 01:08:30,548 DEVELOPERS. 1857 01:08:30,548 --> 01:08:31,616 BUT WE'VE BEEN REALLY EXCITED 1858 01:08:31,616 --> 01:08:34,352 ABOUT THIS AND REALLY GREAT JOB 1859 01:08:34,352 --> 01:08:35,587 TO KERRY AND TO AMBER IN TERMS 1860 01:08:35,587 --> 01:08:40,425 OF DOING THIS. 1861 01:08:40,425 --> 01:08:41,326 THE OTHER THING I WANT TO LET 1862 01:08:41,326 --> 01:08:42,827 YOU KNOW ABOUT IS FOLLOW-UP. 1863 01:08:42,827 --> 01:08:44,028 WE HAD TALKED ABOUT THIS 1864 01:08:44,028 --> 01:08:46,197 INITIATIVE TOGETHER WITH THE ONC 1865 01:08:46,197 --> 01:08:49,901 AND WITH THE FDA AND WITH US ON 1866 01:08:49,901 --> 01:08:51,502 IMAGE DEVICE INTEROPERABILITY, 1867 01:08:51,502 --> 01:08:53,071 AND THAT WE REALLY HAVE BEEN 1868 01:08:53,071 --> 01:08:57,208 TRYING TO PUSH ADOPTION OF 1869 01:08:57,208 --> 01:08:58,409 STANDARDS BY THE VENDOR 1870 01:08:58,409 --> 01:09:00,245 COMMUNITY AND IMAGING DEVICES. 1871 01:09:00,245 --> 01:09:01,546 THIS HASN'T HAPPENED FOR 20 1872 01:09:01,546 --> 01:09:01,879 YEARS. 1873 01:09:01,879 --> 01:09:03,314 AND IT REALLY HASN'T MOVED THAT 1874 01:09:03,314 --> 01:09:05,049 MUCH. 1875 01:09:05,049 --> 01:09:07,752 AND ACTUALLY HONESTLY UNTIL 1876 01:09:07,752 --> 01:09:08,019 RECENTLY. 1877 01:09:08,019 --> 01:09:09,420 AND COMPARED TO THE RADIOLOGY 1878 01:09:09,420 --> 01:09:13,458 FIELD, WHERE EVERY DEVICE HAS 1879 01:09:13,458 --> 01:09:14,459 ADOPTED THESE COMMON STANDARDS 1880 01:09:14,459 --> 01:09:18,129 FOR DECADES AN THEY'RE 1881 01:09:18,129 --> 01:09:18,796 PLUG-AND-PLAY BECAUSE OF THAT. 1882 01:09:18,796 --> 01:09:21,165 SO NOW, AS OF MAY THIRD, 2024, 1883 01:09:21,165 --> 01:09:22,667 THERE'S NOW A GUIDE NOTICE 1884 01:09:22,667 --> 01:09:24,769 BASICALLY SAYING THAT NEI 1885 01:09:24,769 --> 01:09:26,437 STRONGLY ENCOURAGES USE OF THESE 1886 01:09:26,437 --> 01:09:31,542 COMMON FORMATS, LIKE DICOMM IN 1887 01:09:31,542 --> 01:09:33,044 CLINICAL RESEARCH AND ALSO IN 1888 01:09:33,044 --> 01:09:34,345 NON-CLINICAL RESEARCH INVOLVING 1889 01:09:34,345 --> 01:09:34,646 IMAGES. 1890 01:09:34,646 --> 01:09:38,249 SO THE OTHER WAY TO PUT THIS IS 1891 01:09:38,249 --> 01:09:39,684 THAT ANYBODY WHO DOES RESEARCH 1892 01:09:39,684 --> 01:09:41,319 INVOLVING IMAGING DEVICES NEEDS 1893 01:09:41,319 --> 01:09:46,891 TO READ THIS GUIDE NOTICE. 1894 01:09:46,891 --> 01:09:48,726 IT WAS EFFECTIVE AS OF THE DATE 1895 01:09:48,726 --> 01:09:51,129 IT WAS PUBLISHED. SO WHAT THIS 1896 01:09:51,129 --> 01:09:51,896 MEANS IS, IF YOU SUBMIT A GRANT 1897 01:09:51,896 --> 01:09:55,166 AND IF THAT GRANT SCORES FIRST 1898 01:09:55,166 --> 01:09:57,435 PERCENTILE, AND IF IT INVOLVES A 1899 01:09:57,435 --> 01:09:59,404 DEVICE THAT USES IMAGING, AND 1900 01:09:59,404 --> 01:10:01,839 TESTIMONY YOU GET A LETTER 1901 01:10:01,839 --> 01:10:03,441 SAYING GRANT IS NOT BEING 1902 01:10:03,441 --> 01:10:05,076 FUNDED, DON'T COMPLAIN TO ME, 1903 01:10:05,076 --> 01:10:07,812 DON'T COMPLAIN TO YOUR PROGRAM 1904 01:10:07,812 --> 01:10:09,147 OFFICER, TALK TO YOUR VENDOR WHO 1905 01:10:09,147 --> 01:10:10,348 BUILDS THAT DEVICE AND SAY YOU 1906 01:10:10,348 --> 01:10:13,818 NEED TO MAKE IT COMPATIBLE WITH 1907 01:10:13,818 --> 01:10:16,120 STANDARDS LIKE DICOM OR USE A 1908 01:10:16,120 --> 01:10:19,157 DIFFERENT DEVICE. 1909 01:10:19,157 --> 01:10:24,529 SO THIS FIELD HAS NOT MOVED 1910 01:10:24,529 --> 01:10:25,396 SUBSTANTIVELY IN A LONG TIME. 1911 01:10:25,396 --> 01:10:26,798 THIS IS REALLY -- I HAVE TO SAY 1912 01:10:26,798 --> 01:10:28,966 THAT SO FAR, THE VENDOR 1913 01:10:28,966 --> 01:10:30,735 COMMUNITY HAS BEEN REALLY 1914 01:10:30,735 --> 01:10:32,503 SUPPORTIVE OF THIS IN A WAY THAT 1915 01:10:32,503 --> 01:10:34,872 I'VE FELT EXCITED ABOUT. 1916 01:10:34,872 --> 01:10:36,674 BUT I THINK THAT WE'VE REALLY -- 1917 01:10:36,674 --> 01:10:38,476 IN FACT, KERRY AND I JUST WERE 1918 01:10:38,476 --> 01:10:40,111 ON A CONFERENCE CALL WITH THE 1919 01:10:40,111 --> 01:10:41,746 ONC, THE OFFICE OF NATIONAL 1920 01:10:41,746 --> 01:10:43,181 COORDINATOR, JUST A FEW DAYS AGO 1921 01:10:43,181 --> 01:10:44,682 ABOUT THIS, BUT I THINK THIS IS 1922 01:10:44,682 --> 01:10:46,851 HOW WE'RE GOING TO DO THE BEST 1923 01:10:46,851 --> 01:10:47,852 RESEARCH AND HOW WE'RE GOING TO 1924 01:10:47,852 --> 01:10:49,454 TAKE THE BEST CARE OF PATIENTS, 1925 01:10:49,454 --> 01:10:50,221 LIKE IN THE FUTURE. 1926 01:10:50,221 --> 01:10:54,692 SO REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THIS. 1927 01:10:54,692 --> 01:10:56,394 YES, PRADEEP. 1928 01:10:56,394 --> 01:10:59,163 >> SYNTHETIC DATA SOUNDS REALLY 1929 01:10:59,163 --> 01:10:59,764 EXCITING. 1930 01:10:59,764 --> 01:11:01,799 YOU KNOW, I CAN SEE A LOT OF 1931 01:11:01,799 --> 01:11:02,967 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS FOR IT. 1932 01:11:02,967 --> 01:11:06,070 AND YOU KNOW, KIND OF INTERNAL 1933 01:11:06,070 --> 01:11:09,607 SYSTEM BUILDING AT AN EYE 1934 01:11:09,607 --> 01:11:10,875 INSTITUTE OR SOMETHING OF THAT 1935 01:11:10,875 --> 01:11:12,276 NATURE, BUT THEN HOW DO YOU SEE 1936 01:11:12,276 --> 01:11:14,145 IT BEING USED FROM A RESEARCH 1937 01:11:14,145 --> 01:11:15,213 CAPACITY? 1938 01:11:15,213 --> 01:11:17,849 DO YOU HAVE A VISION OR ARE 1939 01:11:17,849 --> 01:11:19,150 THOSE SYNTHETIC THAT MIGHT BE 1940 01:11:19,150 --> 01:11:21,786 USEFUL FOR RESEARCHERS IN 1941 01:11:21,786 --> 01:11:22,086 PARTICULAR? 1942 01:11:22,086 --> 01:11:26,824 >> PRADEEP, I THINK THIS IS A 1943 01:11:26,824 --> 01:11:32,597 VERY EXCITING QUESTION, AND 1944 01:11:32,597 --> 01:11:36,401 THERE'S A TODAY VERSION AND A 1945 01:11:36,401 --> 01:11:37,201 FUTURE VERSION FOR IT. 1946 01:11:37,201 --> 01:11:38,569 YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE WAYS 1947 01:11:38,569 --> 01:11:39,737 THAT -- LIKE I MENTIONED ONE 1948 01:11:39,737 --> 01:11:42,940 EXAMPLE OF HOW WE USE SYNTHETIC 1949 01:11:42,940 --> 01:11:48,413 DATA TODAY, WHICH IS -- THIS 1950 01:11:48,413 --> 01:11:50,148 HAPPENS TO BE RETINAL IMAGES, 1951 01:11:50,148 --> 01:11:51,449 THERE'S A LOT OF CONCERN ABOUT 1952 01:11:51,449 --> 01:11:53,718 PRIVACY, AND IS A RETINAL IMAGE 1953 01:11:53,718 --> 01:11:55,486 DE-IDENTIFIED OR NOT, IN FACT, 1954 01:11:55,486 --> 01:11:56,053 DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS HAVE 1955 01:11:56,053 --> 01:11:57,989 DIFFERENT POLICIES ABOUT THAT 1956 01:11:57,989 --> 01:12:03,895 QUESTION. 1957 01:12:03,895 --> 01:12:06,397 MAYBE SOMEDAY IN THE FUTURE, 1958 01:12:06,397 --> 01:12:07,598 SYNTHETIC DATA CAN BE A WAY TO 1959 01:12:07,598 --> 01:12:08,833 ADDRESS THAT. 1960 01:12:08,833 --> 01:12:10,334 IN PARTICULAR CASE, THE USE CASE 1961 01:12:10,334 --> 01:12:12,403 WAS REALLY MEANT TO BE FOR 1962 01:12:12,403 --> 01:12:13,504 PEOPLE WHO ARE DEVELOPING 1963 01:12:13,504 --> 01:12:14,872 SYSTEMS WHO MAY NOT OTHERWISE 1964 01:12:14,872 --> 01:12:18,509 HAVE ACCESS TO REAL EHR DATA OR 1965 01:12:18,509 --> 01:12:20,912 WHO HLD TAKE SO LONG TO GET 1966 01:12:20,912 --> 01:12:22,747 ACCESS THAT IT WAS IMPRACTICAL 1967 01:12:22,747 --> 01:12:24,849 AND YOU DON'T REALLY NEED DATA 1968 01:12:24,849 --> 01:12:26,918 THAT MAKES SENSE WHERE THE IMAGE 1969 01:12:26,918 --> 01:12:29,654 AND THE EHR DATA MATCH, SO 1970 01:12:29,654 --> 01:12:31,589 THAT'S REALLY THE BIG DRIVER FOR 1971 01:12:31,589 --> 01:12:32,790 IT. 1972 01:12:32,790 --> 01:12:34,025 AND KERRY, DO YOU HAVE ANYTHING 1973 01:12:34,025 --> 01:12:35,726 THAT YOU'D LIKE TO ADD TO WHAT I 1974 01:12:35,726 --> 01:12:36,594 JUST SAID HERE? 1975 01:12:36,594 --> 01:12:38,663 SO THE QUESTION IS, APPLICATION 1976 01:12:38,663 --> 01:12:43,301 OF THIS. 1977 01:12:43,301 --> 01:12:49,707 >> HELLO, KERRY GOETZ, NEI. 1978 01:12:49,707 --> 01:12:53,511 SO SYNTHEA IS NOT EVEN JUST 1979 01:12:53,511 --> 01:12:54,245 EYE-RELATED INFORMATION. 1980 01:12:54,245 --> 01:12:55,713 WE ADDED A MODULE, THIS INCLUDES 1981 01:12:55,713 --> 01:12:59,083 A DIABETIC MODULE AND A LOT OF 1982 01:12:59,083 --> 01:12:59,784 PRIMARY CARE SYNTHETIC 1983 01:12:59,784 --> 01:13:01,052 INFORMATION TOO, SO IT COULD 1984 01:13:01,052 --> 01:13:01,986 POTENTIALLY BE USED FOR RESEARCH 1985 01:13:01,986 --> 01:13:02,987 IN THE FUTURE. 1986 01:13:02,987 --> 01:13:05,556 WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO NOW IS 1987 01:13:05,556 --> 01:13:08,392 ACTUALLY KIND OF VET WITH 1988 01:13:08,392 --> 01:13:11,128 SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS HOW WELL 1989 01:13:11,128 --> 01:13:13,064 THE SYNTHETIC GENERATED 1990 01:13:13,064 --> 01:13:15,233 INFORMATION ACTUALLY LOOKS REAL. 1991 01:13:15,233 --> 01:13:16,767 SO WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF 1992 01:13:16,767 --> 01:13:17,635 VALIDATION TO GO YET BEFORE I 1993 01:13:17,635 --> 01:13:21,339 THINK IT COULD BE REALLY USEFUL 1994 01:13:21,339 --> 01:13:21,772 FOR STUDIES. 1995 01:13:21,772 --> 01:13:24,242 BUT IN ADDITION TO THE SYNTHETIC 1996 01:13:24,242 --> 01:13:25,376 CLINICAL INFORMATION, WE ALSO 1997 01:13:25,376 --> 01:13:27,778 HAVE SYNTHETIC IMAGES, OCT AND 1998 01:13:27,778 --> 01:13:29,313 COLOR FUNDUS, THAT WE'RE ADDING 1999 01:13:29,313 --> 01:13:31,249 TO THIS TOO, SO TRYING TO ALSO 2000 01:13:31,249 --> 01:13:33,150 CREATE A USE CASE FOR RESEARCH 2001 01:13:33,150 --> 01:13:36,387 AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS FOR 2002 01:13:36,387 --> 01:13:38,990 BRIDGING THAT IMAGING TO EHR 2003 01:13:38,990 --> 01:13:40,091 LINKAGE. 2004 01:13:40,091 --> 01:13:42,059 BUT YEAH, WHO KNOWS WHAT THE 2005 01:13:42,059 --> 01:13:42,827 FUTURE HOLDS. 2006 01:13:42,827 --> 01:13:44,195 IT'S ABOUT KIND OF GENERATING 2007 01:13:44,195 --> 01:13:45,763 MORE DATA AND VALIDATING IT OVER 2008 01:13:45,763 --> 01:13:47,398 TIME, BUT IT'S BASED ON HEUR IS 2009 01:13:47,398 --> 01:13:53,337 TICS THAT ARE WORKED OFF OF 2010 01:13:53,337 --> 01:13:53,938 CLINICAL CARE. 2011 01:13:53,938 --> 01:13:55,806 >> KERRY, THANKS, AND THANKS FOR 2012 01:13:55,806 --> 01:13:57,241 YOUR WORK IN THE AREA. 2013 01:13:57,241 --> 01:13:58,442 QUALITY OF LIFE IS ONE THING I 2014 01:13:58,442 --> 01:14:02,079 WANT TO TALK ABOUT IN THIS 2015 01:14:02,079 --> 01:14:02,280 SLIDE. 2016 01:14:02,280 --> 01:14:03,681 THIS IS A BIG PART OF OUR -- IN 2017 01:14:03,681 --> 01:14:05,816 FACT, IT'S IN OUR MISSION 2018 01:14:05,816 --> 01:14:06,784 STATEMENT, ELIMINATE VISION 2019 01:14:06,784 --> 01:14:12,089 LOSS, IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE. 2020 01:14:12,089 --> 01:14:13,291 THE CHALLENGE IS WE DON'T HAVE A 2021 01:14:13,291 --> 01:14:15,359 REALLY GOOD WAY TO MEASURE AND 2022 01:14:15,359 --> 01:14:16,360 QUANTIFY QUALITY OF LIFE AND 2023 01:14:16,360 --> 01:14:17,528 THAT'S WHAT THESE INITIATIVES 2024 01:14:17,528 --> 01:14:19,830 ARE ALL ABOUT. 2025 01:14:19,830 --> 01:14:27,805 JIMMY LE, CHERI W IGG S, EMILY 2026 01:14:27,805 --> 01:14:30,641 CHEW HAVE BEEN DOING A LOT OF 2027 01:14:30,641 --> 01:14:33,678 WORK, AND SO THE BACKGROUND HERE 2028 01:14:33,678 --> 01:14:38,816 IS THAT THE NEI, VFQ25 IS THE 2029 01:14:38,816 --> 01:14:39,917 SINGLE MOST COMMON INSTRUMENT 2030 01:14:39,917 --> 01:14:41,018 FOR DOING THIS. 2031 01:14:41,018 --> 01:14:42,753 IT WAS DEVELOPED IN THE 90s, 2032 01:14:42,753 --> 01:14:44,088 AND SOME OF THE LIMITATIONS COME 2033 01:14:44,088 --> 01:14:46,457 OUT THAT, NUMBER ONE, IT ASKS 2034 01:14:46,457 --> 01:14:47,658 ABOUT SOME THINGS THAT PEOPLE 2035 01:14:47,658 --> 01:14:49,327 DON'T AS MUCH NOW, LIKE READING 2036 01:14:49,327 --> 01:14:50,494 NEWSPAPERS, AND IT'S ALSO NOT 2037 01:14:50,494 --> 01:14:53,130 BEEN ACCEPTED FOR FDA 2038 01:14:53,130 --> 01:14:55,333 DECISION-MAKING, REGULATORY 2039 01:14:55,333 --> 01:14:58,803 DECISION-MAKING. 2040 01:14:58,803 --> 01:15:00,471 SO ON SEPTEMBER 29TH, 2023, 2041 01:15:00,471 --> 01:15:02,173 THERE WAS A WORKSHOP THAT WE 2042 01:15:02,173 --> 01:15:04,508 HOSTED IN THE SPIRIT OF 2043 01:15:04,508 --> 01:15:05,476 FOSTERING COLLABORATIONS WITH 2044 01:15:05,476 --> 01:15:07,712 THE FDA AND WITH PCORI. 2045 01:15:07,712 --> 01:15:10,881 THE PATIENT-CENTERED OUTCOMES 2046 01:15:10,881 --> 01:15:21,359 RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AND THAT 2047 01:15:21,892 --> 01:15:23,327 WORKSHOP WAS REALLY, REALLY 2048 01:15:23,327 --> 01:15:23,894 HEAVILY ATTENDED. 2049 01:15:23,894 --> 01:15:28,699 IT WAS LIKE HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE. 2050 01:15:28,699 --> 01:15:29,767 THERE'S A WHITE PAPER THAT'S 2051 01:15:29,767 --> 01:15:30,868 COMING OUT FROM IT. 2052 01:15:30,868 --> 01:15:35,773 AND AT ARVO, THIS -- LAST MONTH, 2053 01:15:35,773 --> 01:15:37,742 THERE WAS A FOLLOW-UP MEETING 2054 01:15:37,742 --> 01:15:39,710 WITH LARGELY -- WITH OUR PEOPLE, 2055 01:15:39,710 --> 01:15:43,014 WITH THE NEI, WITH THE FDA 2056 01:15:43,014 --> 01:15:44,115 PEOPLE, AND WITH SOME PEOPLE 2057 01:15:44,115 --> 01:15:46,517 FROM THE COMMUNITY. 2058 01:15:46,517 --> 01:15:47,585 AND I KNOW PRADEEP WAS IN THE 2059 01:15:47,585 --> 01:15:51,088 ROOM AT THAT TIME, AND OBVIOUSLY 2060 01:15:51,088 --> 01:15:53,057 JIMMY AND CHERI WERE IN THE 2061 01:15:53,057 --> 01:15:55,559 ROOM, AND SO I'M EXCITED ABOUT 2062 01:15:55,559 --> 01:15:57,228 WHAT'S GOING TO COME OUT OF 2063 01:15:57,228 --> 01:15:58,963 THIS, BUT DO ANY OF YOU WANT 2064 01:15:58,963 --> 01:16:00,498 TO -- LIKE PRADEEP, GINNY, 2065 01:16:00,498 --> 01:16:05,169 ANYTHINJIMMY,ANYTHING YOU WANT D 2066 01:16:05,169 --> 01:16:08,205 SAYING THAT THIS OCCURRED? 2067 01:16:08,205 --> 01:16:11,042 >> MAYBE JIMMY SHOULD TALK, BUT 2068 01:16:11,042 --> 01:16:13,878 THERE'S PROBABLY A LOT OF PEOPLE 2069 01:16:13,878 --> 01:16:15,079 AND DIFFERENT PEOPLE MAY HAVE 2070 01:16:15,079 --> 01:16:17,915 DIFFERENT OPINIONS ABOUT WHAT 2071 01:16:17,915 --> 01:16:19,650 THE NEXT GENERATION OF QUALITY 2072 01:16:19,650 --> 01:16:21,285 OF LIFE TOOLS SHOULD LOOK LIKE. 2073 01:16:21,285 --> 01:16:23,020 I MEAN, THERE WERE A FEW PEOPLE 2074 01:16:23,020 --> 01:16:26,323 WHO MENTIONED THAT IF THERE WAS 2075 01:16:26,323 --> 01:16:31,062 A DISEASE AGNOSTIC TOOL THAT 2076 01:16:31,062 --> 01:16:32,763 USED COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE TESTING 2077 01:16:32,763 --> 01:16:34,598 AND TESTED MULTIPLE DIFFERENT 2078 01:16:34,598 --> 01:16:39,303 DOMAINS AND HAD, YOU KNOW, A 2079 01:16:39,303 --> 01:16:40,404 DATABASE BACKBONE THAT WAS RUN 2080 01:16:40,404 --> 01:16:42,707 BY THE NEI THAT EVERYBODY COULD 2081 01:16:42,707 --> 01:16:44,241 COME ON AND USE, THAT WOULD BE A 2082 01:16:44,241 --> 01:16:46,210 DREAM. 2083 01:16:46,210 --> 01:16:47,311 IS THAT SOMETHING THAT'S 2084 01:16:47,311 --> 01:16:47,645 REALISTIC? 2085 01:16:47,645 --> 01:16:48,879 YES. 2086 01:16:48,879 --> 01:16:51,215 DOES IT REQUIRE SOME RESOURCES? 2087 01:16:51,215 --> 01:16:51,382 YES. 2088 01:16:51,382 --> 01:16:52,416 BUT, YOU KNOW, I THINK THERE'S A 2089 01:16:52,416 --> 01:16:54,418 LOT OF STAKEHOLDERS AND I DON'T 2090 01:16:54,418 --> 01:16:55,686 WANT TO SPEAK FOR EVERYBODY 2091 01:16:55,686 --> 01:16:56,921 BECAUSE DIFFERENT PEOPLE MAY SAY 2092 01:16:56,921 --> 01:16:59,223 DIFFERENT THINGS, SO MAYBE, 2093 01:16:59,223 --> 01:17:02,193 JIMMY, YOU WANT TO COMMENT ALSO? 2094 01:17:02,193 --> 01:17:03,694 >> HI, EVERYONE. 2095 01:17:03,694 --> 01:17:05,763 THIS IS JIMMY LE FROM THE 2096 01:17:05,763 --> 01:17:06,297 NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. 2097 01:17:06,297 --> 01:17:07,331 IT IS A WORK IN PROGRESS RIGHT 2098 01:17:07,331 --> 01:17:07,732 NOW. 2099 01:17:07,732 --> 01:17:08,666 WE'RE PLANNING OUT THINKING 2100 01:17:08,666 --> 01:17:10,034 THROUGH WHAT THE NEXT STEPS 2101 01:17:10,034 --> 01:17:11,535 SHOULD AND COULD BE, BUT I THINK 2102 01:17:11,535 --> 01:17:13,003 THE MESSAGE IS CLEAR, IS THAT 2103 01:17:13,003 --> 01:17:15,506 IT'S IMPORTANT TO HEAR HOW 2104 01:17:15,506 --> 01:17:17,475 PEOPLE THINK ABOUT, HOW PEOPLE 2105 01:17:17,475 --> 01:17:18,876 EXPERIENCE THEIR CONDITION, 2106 01:17:18,876 --> 01:17:20,211 THEIR DISEASES, AND IT'S 2107 01:17:20,211 --> 01:17:22,046 IMPORTANT THAT WE CAPTURE THIS 2108 01:17:22,046 --> 01:17:23,347 INFORMATION ACCURATELY IN A WAY 2109 01:17:23,347 --> 01:17:26,317 THAT MINIMIZES BURDEN FOR 2110 01:17:26,317 --> 01:17:28,219 PROVIDERS BUT ALSO FOR PATIENTS 2111 01:17:28,219 --> 01:17:30,588 WHO ARE LIVING WITH THE DISEASE 2112 01:17:30,588 --> 01:17:31,789 OR CONDITION. 2113 01:17:31,789 --> 01:17:34,191 SO PLEASE STAY TUNED. 2114 01:17:34,191 --> 01:17:39,463 >> JIMMY, THANKS TO YOU AND 2115 01:17:39,463 --> 01:17:40,798 CHERI, I KNOW EMILY HAS ALSO 2116 01:17:40,798 --> 01:17:42,333 DONE A TON OF WORK IN THIS AND 2117 01:17:42,333 --> 01:17:43,400 WE'RE EXCITED ABOUT THIS. 2118 01:17:43,400 --> 01:17:46,137 I WANTED TO -- MAY WAS HEALTHY 2119 01:17:46,137 --> 01:17:48,973 VISION MONTH, AND I WANTED JUST 2120 01:17:48,973 --> 01:17:50,074 TO LET YOU KNOW ABOUT A PROGRAM 2121 01:17:50,074 --> 01:17:51,575 THAT HAPPENED CALLED REFRAME 2122 01:17:51,575 --> 01:17:53,911 YOUR VISION. 2123 01:17:53,911 --> 01:17:56,413 THIS WAS LED BY MARIA ZACARIAS 2124 01:17:56,413 --> 01:17:57,381 PICTURED IN THE BOTTOM RIGHT 2125 01:17:57,381 --> 01:17:59,116 HERE, AND IT WAS BASICALLY A 2126 01:17:59,116 --> 01:18:00,584 SOCIAL MEDIA EDUCATIONAL 2127 01:18:00,584 --> 01:18:02,419 CAMPAIGN THAT FOCUSED ON THE 2128 01:18:02,419 --> 01:18:03,287 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISION AND 2129 01:18:03,287 --> 01:18:04,388 MENTAL HEALTH. 2130 01:18:04,388 --> 01:18:06,257 AND TRY TO BRING ATTENTION TO 2131 01:18:06,257 --> 01:18:08,025 RESOURCES INVOLVING VISION 2132 01:18:08,025 --> 01:18:09,960 REHABILITATION AND MENTAL HEALTH 2133 01:18:09,960 --> 01:18:11,495 RESOURCES. 2134 01:18:11,495 --> 01:18:13,030 AND WE DID THIS IN COLLABORATION 2135 01:18:13,030 --> 01:18:15,099 WITH THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL, 2136 01:18:15,099 --> 01:18:17,835 VIVEK MURTHY, AND WITH CHRISTINE 2137 01:18:17,835 --> 01:18:19,770 HA, WHO IS AN AWARD-WINNING 2138 01:18:19,770 --> 01:18:20,437 BLIND CHEF. 2139 01:18:20,437 --> 01:18:23,274 SHE WON A SHOW CALLED MASTERCHEF 2140 01:18:23,274 --> 01:18:25,676 A FEW YEARS AGO, AND IT WAS 2141 01:18:25,676 --> 01:18:27,211 REALLY -- REALLY NEAT TO GET TO 2142 01:18:27,211 --> 01:18:34,885 KNOW HER A LITTLE BIT AS AN - 2143 01:18:34,885 --> 01:18:36,453 EVENT LAST YEAR, ALL THEIR 2144 01:18:36,453 --> 01:18:38,923 ORGANIZATIONS REALLY, YOU KNOW, 2145 01:18:38,923 --> 01:18:40,457 THEIR ORGANIZATIONS TO REALLY 2146 01:18:40,457 --> 01:18:43,093 PROMOTE THIS LAST MONTH. 2147 01:18:43,093 --> 01:18:45,296 SO THE NASEM MYOPIA STUDY. 2148 01:18:45,296 --> 01:18:47,731 SO YOU KNOW WE AT NEI 2149 01:18:47,731 --> 01:18:48,666 CO-SPONSORED THIS STUDY ALONG 2150 01:18:48,666 --> 01:18:49,700 WITH A NUMBER OF OTHER 2151 01:18:49,700 --> 01:18:51,969 ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE SHOWN IN 2152 01:18:51,969 --> 01:18:54,305 THE BOTTOM OF THIS SLIDE, 2153 01:18:54,305 --> 01:18:57,308 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPTOMETRY, 2154 01:18:57,308 --> 01:18:59,076 AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION, 2155 01:18:59,076 --> 01:19:03,881 WAR BWARBY PARKER AND OTHERS. 2156 01:19:03,881 --> 01:19:05,316 THIS IS BEING CHAIRED BY KEVIN 2157 01:19:05,316 --> 01:19:06,817 FRICK AT HOPKINS AND TERRY YOUNG 2158 01:19:06,817 --> 01:19:07,818 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. 2159 01:19:07,818 --> 01:19:10,988 AND IT MEANT TO BE A CONSENSUS 2160 01:19:10,988 --> 01:19:13,057 STUDY WITH THE GOAL OF ASSESSING 2161 01:19:13,057 --> 01:19:14,391 OUR CURRENT MECHANISTIC 2162 01:19:14,391 --> 01:19:16,694 UNDERSTANDING OF MYOPIA, AND 2163 01:19:16,694 --> 01:19:18,662 PROPOSING A RESEARCH AGENDA. 2164 01:19:18,662 --> 01:19:20,297 THIS IS -- THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF 2165 01:19:20,297 --> 01:19:22,933 WORK INVOLVING GENETICS, A LOT 2166 01:19:22,933 --> 01:19:24,001 OF WORK INVOLVING ENVIRONMENT 2167 01:19:24,001 --> 01:19:25,236 BUT EVEN THE EXPERTS DON'T 2168 01:19:25,236 --> 01:19:27,738 REALLY AGREE ON WHAT THE FACTORS 2169 01:19:27,738 --> 01:19:28,072 ARE. 2170 01:19:28,072 --> 01:19:32,443 AND SO I THINK MEANWHILE, THE 2171 01:19:32,443 --> 01:19:34,311 PREVALENCE IS RISING. 2172 01:19:34,311 --> 01:19:35,746 AND SO WHAT WE'VE BEEN HEARING 2173 01:19:35,746 --> 01:19:37,147 IS THAT THERE'S GOING TO BE A 2174 01:19:37,147 --> 01:19:39,884 FINAL REPORT THAT'S FORTHCOMING 2175 01:19:39,884 --> 01:19:42,519 BY THE END OF THE YEAR, AND 2176 01:19:42,519 --> 01:19:44,054 WE'RE REALLY LOOKING FORWARD TO 2177 01:19:44,054 --> 01:19:44,355 THIS. 2178 01:19:44,355 --> 01:19:46,657 IN THE MEANTIME AT THE NEI WHAT 2179 01:19:46,657 --> 01:19:47,958 WE'VE BEEN TRYING TO DO IS BUILD 2180 01:19:47,958 --> 01:19:49,393 A GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT'S 2181 01:19:49,393 --> 01:19:51,362 INTERESTED IN MYOPIA. 2182 01:19:51,362 --> 01:19:53,530 AT THE ARVO MEETING, YOU KNOW, 2183 01:19:53,530 --> 01:19:58,035 LAST MONTH, WE HOSTED -- WE WAS 2184 01:19:58,035 --> 01:20:08,545 REALLY JOHN PRAKASH, KAPIL AND 2185 01:20:10,014 --> 01:20:11,148 SHELDON MILLER. 2186 01:20:11,148 --> 01:20:12,683 WHAT I HEARD WAS SOME PEOPLE 2187 01:20:12,683 --> 01:20:14,084 SAID THEY PICKED UP COVID FROM 2188 01:20:14,084 --> 01:20:15,653 THE ARVO MEETING AND THEY GOT IT 2189 01:20:15,653 --> 01:20:16,620 DURING THIS BECAUSE THEY WERE 2190 01:20:16,620 --> 01:20:20,124 SIT ON TOP OF EACH OTHER. 2191 01:20:20,124 --> 01:20:22,860 BUT THE -- WHAT WE'VE BEEN 2192 01:20:22,860 --> 01:20:24,828 HOPING TO DO IS TO PLAN A 2193 01:20:24,828 --> 01:20:26,563 FOLLOW-UP MEETING AT THE NIH 2194 01:20:26,563 --> 01:20:28,132 CAMPUS BECAUSE OF THIS INTEREST 2195 01:20:28,132 --> 01:20:34,338 THAT'S BEEN GENERATED. 2196 01:20:34,338 --> 01:20:35,372 STAY TUNED. 2197 01:20:35,372 --> 01:20:37,341 A COUPLE THINGS IN TERMS OF 2198 01:20:37,341 --> 01:20:37,975 COLLABORATIONS. 2199 01:20:37,975 --> 01:20:42,246 SMALL BUSINESS. 2200 01:20:42,246 --> 01:20:44,648 PAEK LEE HAS BEEN ALL OVER THIS. 2201 01:20:44,648 --> 01:20:47,284 HE AND TONY RUN THE SMALL 2202 01:20:47,284 --> 01:20:49,019 BUSINESS PORTFOLIO HERE AMONG 2203 01:20:49,019 --> 01:20:52,756 OTHER THINGS THAT ARE NEW FOR 2204 01:20:52,756 --> 01:20:53,290 US. 2205 01:20:53,290 --> 01:20:55,492 ONE OF THEM IS THAT SBIR 2206 01:20:55,492 --> 01:20:58,128 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT FOR EARLY 2207 01:20:58,128 --> 01:20:59,096 STAGE CLINICAL TRIALS WITH 2208 01:20:59,096 --> 01:21:01,498 GREATER THAN MINIMAL RISK. 2209 01:21:01,498 --> 01:21:08,105 THIS IS TYPICALLY PHASE 1/PHASE 2210 01:21:08,105 --> 01:21:10,574 2 TWIELS TRIELS AND BUDGETS UP 2211 01:21:10,574 --> 01:21:18,248 2 TRIALS AND BUDGETS UP TO 2212 01:21:18,248 --> 01:21:21,318 $1 MILLION TOTAL COSTS A YEAR, 2213 01:21:21,318 --> 01:21:26,457 THIS IS A U COOPERATIVE GRANT 2214 01:21:26,457 --> 01:21:27,091 MECHANISM. 2215 01:21:27,091 --> 01:21:30,394 THE OTHER THING THAT PAEK HAS 2216 01:21:30,394 --> 01:21:31,729 GOTTEN US SIGNED ON TO IS A 2217 01:21:31,729 --> 01:21:32,896 SMALL BUSINESS TRANSITION GRANT 2218 01:21:32,896 --> 01:21:35,733 FOR NEW ENTREPRENEURS. 2219 01:21:35,733 --> 01:21:38,268 THIS IS FOCUS OND 2220 01:21:38,268 --> 01:21:38,669 ENTREPRENEURSHIP. 2221 01:21:38,669 --> 01:21:43,507 THIS IS A CLASSIC SBI, STTR 2222 01:21:43,507 --> 01:21:44,942 GRANT MECHANISM AND IT'S MEANT 2223 01:21:44,942 --> 01:21:46,477 FOR EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS WHO 2224 01:21:46,477 --> 01:21:48,545 ARE TRANSITIONING TO INTEREST IN 2225 01:21:48,545 --> 01:21:49,313 ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND THE IDEA 2226 01:21:49,313 --> 01:21:51,949 IS THAT IT SUPPORTS THEIR 2227 01:21:51,949 --> 01:21:52,950 ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AS 2228 01:21:52,950 --> 01:21:54,985 WELL AS COU CONDUCTING THE ACTUL 2229 01:21:54,985 --> 01:21:55,419 RESEARCH. 2230 01:21:55,419 --> 01:21:57,187 SO YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE A MENTOR, 2231 01:21:57,187 --> 01:21:58,722 THERE'S GOT TO BE AN 2232 01:21:58,722 --> 01:21:59,757 ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING 2233 01:21:59,757 --> 01:22:03,093 COMPONENT, YOU KNOW, FOR THE PI, 2234 01:22:03,093 --> 01:22:06,196 AND IT'S A PHASED MECHANISM, SO 2235 01:22:06,196 --> 01:22:08,565 PHASE ONE IS A BUDGET OF ABOUT 2236 01:22:08,565 --> 01:22:09,233 $300,000. 2237 01:22:09,233 --> 01:22:11,301 PHASE TWO I THINK IS ABOUT 2238 01:22:11,301 --> 01:22:13,771 $2 MILLION BUDGET. 2239 01:22:13,771 --> 01:22:15,806 BUT THERE'S A TECHNICAL 2240 01:22:15,806 --> 01:22:17,341 ASSISTANCE WEBINAR NEXT WEEK, 2241 01:22:17,341 --> 01:22:19,510 AND AGAIN, IT'S A SERIES OF 2242 01:22:19,510 --> 01:22:21,145 ROTATING DEADLINES AND SO IF 2243 01:22:21,145 --> 01:22:23,347 YOU'RE INTERESTED IN THIS, TALK 2244 01:22:23,347 --> 01:22:26,850 TO PAEK. 2245 01:22:26,850 --> 01:22:29,720 I WANT TO LET YOU KNOW ABOUT 2246 01:22:29,720 --> 01:22:31,789 INTRAMURAL CARD COLLABORATION. 2247 01:22:31,789 --> 01:22:35,292 THIS IS AGAIN IN THE EYE AS A 2248 01:22:35,292 --> 01:22:36,160 WINDOW TO THE BODY. 2249 01:22:36,160 --> 01:22:40,330 AND THERE ARE A COUPLE PEOPLE AT 2250 01:22:40,330 --> 01:22:42,199 NEI IN OUR INTRAMURAL PROGRAM 2251 01:22:42,199 --> 01:22:45,035 WHO ARE REALLY FIRED UP ABOUT 2252 01:22:45,035 --> 01:22:46,036 THIS. 2253 01:22:46,036 --> 01:22:48,539 KAPIL BARTI, SCIENTIFIC 2254 01:22:48,539 --> 01:22:51,175 DIRECTOR, AND HE'S GOTTEN PEOPLE 2255 01:22:51,175 --> 01:22:57,514 INVOLVED, JOHNNY TAM -- SO WHAT 2256 01:22:57,514 --> 01:22:58,615 IS CARD? 2257 01:22:58,615 --> 01:23:00,350 IT'S THE CENTER FOR ALZHEIMER'S 2258 01:23:00,350 --> 01:23:02,019 AND RELATED DEMENTIAS AND IT'S 2259 01:23:02,019 --> 01:23:03,554 LED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 2260 01:23:03,554 --> 01:23:06,090 AGING AND ALSO BY NINDS, 2261 01:23:06,090 --> 01:23:07,724 NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND 2262 01:23:07,724 --> 01:23:09,226 STROKE, AND THERE'S A CARD 2263 01:23:09,226 --> 01:23:11,128 CLINIC AT THE CLINICAL CENTER, 2264 01:23:11,128 --> 01:23:13,097 AND BASICALLY WE'VE GOT SOME 2265 01:23:13,097 --> 01:23:16,066 SPACE IN IT NOW THAT WE'RE 2266 01:23:16,066 --> 01:23:18,335 HOPING TO MOVE INTO. 2267 01:23:18,335 --> 01:23:20,404 AND WHAT WE'D LIKE TO DO REALLY 2268 01:23:20,404 --> 01:23:23,941 WITH THESE CARD PATIENTS IS TO 2269 01:23:23,941 --> 01:23:27,211 DO THINGS LIKE DEEP RETINAL 2270 01:23:27,211 --> 01:23:28,979 PHENOTYPING, IMAGING, FUNCTIONAL 2271 01:23:28,979 --> 01:23:31,482 TESTING, CENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAY 2272 01:23:31,482 --> 01:23:37,488 TESTING, INDUCE PLEUR PLURIPOTM 2273 01:23:37,488 --> 01:23:39,356 CELL GENERATION FROM THESE 2274 01:23:39,356 --> 01:23:40,657 PEOPLE TO REALLY TRY TO 2275 01:23:40,657 --> 01:23:42,226 UNDERSTAND CAN THE VISUAL SYSTEM 2276 01:23:42,226 --> 01:23:43,093 GIVE US INFORMATION TO HELP WITH 2277 01:23:43,093 --> 01:23:44,628 THINGS LIKE RISK ASSESSMENT, 2278 01:23:44,628 --> 01:23:46,597 DIAGNOSIS, AND PROGNOSIS OF 2279 01:23:46,597 --> 01:23:49,666 DEMENTIAS AND CAN WE LEARN ABOUT 2280 01:23:49,666 --> 01:23:51,201 PATHOPHYSICIANOLOGY FROM EYE AND 2281 01:23:51,201 --> 01:23:53,937 BRAIN AND BRAIN TO EYE, SO BOTH 2282 01:23:53,937 --> 01:23:56,573 DIRECTIONS. 2283 01:23:56,573 --> 01:24:05,983 SO A FEW OTHER SLIDES HERE. 2284 01:24:05,983 --> 01:24:10,721 NEI, NIBIB AND AL ALL-OF-US, WEE 2285 01:24:10,721 --> 01:24:12,022 TALKED FOR SEVERAL YEARS NOW IN 2286 01:24:12,022 --> 01:24:16,727 TERMS OF WHAT WE CAN DO 2287 01:24:16,727 --> 01:24:17,928 TOGETHER, AND WITHIN THE PAST 2288 01:24:17,928 --> 01:24:21,031 YEE JOSH DENNY WAS OUT HERE FROM 2289 01:24:21,031 --> 01:24:22,666 THE ALL-OF-US PROJECT, WE HAD A 2290 01:24:22,666 --> 01:24:28,772 WORKSHOP LAST YEAR ON THIS. 2291 01:24:28,772 --> 01:24:30,407 IN THE STAGES HERE, WE GO FROM 2292 01:24:30,407 --> 01:24:31,508 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT TO 2293 01:24:31,508 --> 01:24:32,142 IDENTIFIED REQUIREMENTS AND 2294 01:24:32,142 --> 01:24:33,377 COMING UP WITH SPECIFIC 2295 01:24:33,377 --> 01:24:35,546 PROTOCOLS TO ACTUALLY LAUNCHING. 2296 01:24:35,546 --> 01:24:36,847 AND WE'RE -- EVEN THOUGH WE'VE 2297 01:24:36,847 --> 01:24:38,248 DONE A TON OF WORK, WE'RE STILL 2298 01:24:38,248 --> 01:24:40,918 KIND OF RELATIVELY IN THE 2299 01:24:40,918 --> 01:24:44,421 BEGINNING ABOUT THIS, BUT KERRY 2300 01:24:44,421 --> 01:24:45,422 GOETZ IS GOING TO BE PRESENTING 2301 01:24:45,422 --> 01:24:50,694 TO THE ALL-OF-US CEO AZ BRAIN'SN 2302 01:24:50,694 --> 01:24:51,361 TRUST OVER THE SUMMER ABOUT 2303 01:24:51,361 --> 01:24:51,795 THIS. 2304 01:24:51,795 --> 01:24:53,096 A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE BEEN 2305 01:24:53,096 --> 01:24:57,034 INVOLVED WITH THIS PROJECT FROM 2306 01:24:57,034 --> 01:24:57,501 IN. 2307 01:24:57,501 --> 01:24:59,570 EI. 2308 01:24:59,570 --> 01:25:01,838 KERRY, EMILY, SOME FOLKS FROM 2309 01:25:01,838 --> 01:25:05,309 THE CLINICAL CENTER AND OTHERS. 2310 01:25:05,309 --> 01:25:06,677 IN TERMS OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT, 2311 01:25:06,677 --> 01:25:08,545 I WANT TO BE GETTING CLOSE TO 2312 01:25:08,545 --> 01:25:16,620 THE END HERE. 2313 01:25:16,620 --> 01:25:20,424 NIRAJ AGARWAL, WHO WAS THE BRAIN 2314 01:25:20,424 --> 01:25:22,526 CHILD OF THIS R38 PROGRAM, AND 2315 01:25:22,526 --> 01:25:25,028 HE GAVE A CONCEPT CLEARANCE ON 2316 01:25:25,028 --> 01:25:27,231 THIS WITHIN THE PAST YEAR, AND 2317 01:25:27,231 --> 01:25:28,732 WANTED TO LET YOU KNOW THAT THIS 2318 01:25:28,732 --> 01:25:30,567 IS NOW LIVE, AND WE HAD THE 2319 01:25:30,567 --> 01:25:34,905 FIRST GROUP OF APPLICANT IN 2320 01:25:34,905 --> 01:25:35,339 MARCH 2024. 2321 01:25:35,339 --> 01:25:37,441 SO AS A REMINDER, THIS PROGRAM 2322 01:25:37,441 --> 01:25:40,544 SUPPORT ONE TO TWO RESEARCH 2323 01:25:40,544 --> 01:25:42,246 YEARS FOR RESIDENTS, THINGS LIKE 2324 01:25:42,246 --> 01:25:43,480 SALARY SUPPORT, RESEARCH 2325 01:25:43,480 --> 01:25:44,114 EXPENSES. 2326 01:25:44,114 --> 01:25:44,982 IT'S GIVEN TO DEPARTMENTS. 2327 01:25:44,982 --> 01:25:48,819 AND MY HOPE WAS TO ATTRACT THE 2328 01:25:48,819 --> 01:25:52,222 TOP -- I THINK THE TOP STUDENTS 2329 01:25:52,222 --> 01:25:54,091 KNOW THAT THERE ARE FEW FIELDS 2330 01:25:54,091 --> 01:25:55,359 OUT THERE THAT ARE KNOWN TO BE 2331 01:25:55,359 --> 01:25:56,493 FRIENDLY TO 2332 01:25:56,493 --> 01:25:56,960 CLINICIAN-SCIENTISTS. 2333 01:25:56,960 --> 01:25:58,895 AND I REALLY AM HOPING TO MAKE 2334 01:25:58,895 --> 01:26:02,633 SURE THAT WE CAN SHOW THAT THE 2335 01:26:02,633 --> 01:26:03,734 VISION FIELD IS ONE OF THOSE 2336 01:26:03,734 --> 01:26:04,067 FIELDS. 2337 01:26:04,067 --> 01:26:05,369 AND HOPEFULLY IT'S GOING TO BE 2338 01:26:05,369 --> 01:26:07,804 THINGS LIKE THIS THAT SEND 2339 01:26:07,804 --> 01:26:10,641 SIGNALS LIKE THAT TO THE FIELD. 2340 01:26:10,641 --> 01:26:11,942 THE ONLY INSTITUTES NOW THAT 2341 01:26:11,942 --> 01:26:14,778 HAVE THIS MECHANISM ARE NCI, 2342 01:26:14,778 --> 01:26:16,113 NIAID AND NIA, WHICH I THINK ARE 2343 01:26:16,113 --> 01:26:19,716 SOME OF THE VISION -- SOME OF 2344 01:26:19,716 --> 01:26:20,350 THE CLINICIAN-SCIENTIST-FRIENDLY 2345 01:26:20,350 --> 01:26:21,718 FIELDS. 2346 01:26:21,718 --> 01:26:23,253 SO EXCITED ABOUT THAT. 2347 01:26:23,253 --> 01:26:25,088 AND THE OTHER THING IS THIS 2348 01:26:25,088 --> 01:26:26,523 COUNCIL OF VISION EDITORS 2349 01:26:26,523 --> 01:26:30,560 FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. 2350 01:26:30,560 --> 01:26:31,228 SO WHAT'S THIS? 2351 01:26:31,228 --> 01:26:33,096 A FEW TIMES A YEAR, I WORK WITH 2352 01:26:33,096 --> 01:26:35,198 THE EDITORS IN CHIEF OF SOME OF 2353 01:26:35,198 --> 01:26:39,770 THE MAJOR VISION JOURNALS. 2354 01:26:39,770 --> 01:26:41,638 WE TALK ABOUT WHAT CAN WE DO TO 2355 01:26:41,638 --> 01:26:45,809 ADVANCE THE FIELD TOGETHER. 2356 01:26:45,809 --> 01:26:48,645 AND FOR US, OUR INTEREST IS 2357 01:26:48,645 --> 01:26:50,113 CREATING CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2358 01:26:50,113 --> 01:26:51,948 OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUNGER 2359 01:26:51,948 --> 01:26:52,282 FACULTY. 2360 01:26:52,282 --> 01:26:53,617 FOR THE JOURNALS, THEY WANT TO 2361 01:26:53,617 --> 01:26:56,486 BUILD A PIPELINE FOR REVIEWERS 2362 01:26:56,486 --> 01:26:58,021 AND FUTURE EDITORIAL BOARD 2363 01:26:58,021 --> 01:27:00,190 MEMBERS, AND SO WHAT CAME OUT OF 2364 01:27:00,190 --> 01:27:02,726 THIS IS A PROGRAM WHERE WE WILL 2365 01:27:02,726 --> 01:27:05,228 TAKE JUNIOR PEOPLE, K GRANT 2366 01:27:05,228 --> 01:27:07,431 AWARDEES, AND BASICALLY GET THEM 2367 01:27:07,431 --> 01:27:10,500 TO APPLY AND MATCH THEM WITH 2368 01:27:10,500 --> 01:27:12,135 JOURNALS AS MENTORED JUNIOR 2369 01:27:12,135 --> 01:27:14,771 EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS. 2370 01:27:14,771 --> 01:27:17,974 SO A COUPLE MONTHS AGO, WE HAD 2371 01:27:17,974 --> 01:27:19,743 THIS MATCH PROCESS AND SELECTED 2372 01:27:19,743 --> 01:27:25,082 14 PEOPLE FROM AROUND THE 2373 01:27:25,082 --> 01:27:28,051 COUNTRY, AND SO THIS IS 2374 01:27:28,051 --> 01:27:29,553 SOMETHING -- I HOPE IN TERMS OF 2375 01:27:29,553 --> 01:27:30,287 FOSTERING CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2376 01:27:30,287 --> 01:27:34,825 THAT'S REALLY GOING TO HELP OUT. 2377 01:27:34,825 --> 01:27:38,128 NIRAJ AGARWAL AND ED CLAYTON 2378 01:27:38,128 --> 01:27:38,895 HAVE DONE A LOT OF WORK WITH 2379 01:27:38,895 --> 01:27:39,296 THIS. 2380 01:27:39,296 --> 01:27:40,897 I'M JUST GOING TO GO THROUGH 2381 01:27:40,897 --> 01:27:42,632 SOME OF THESE. 2382 01:27:42,632 --> 01:27:44,167 YOU KNOW, QUICKLY AS I KNOW 2383 01:27:44,167 --> 01:27:45,369 WE'RE GETTING SHORT ON TIME. 2384 01:27:45,369 --> 01:27:48,772 IN TERMS OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY, 2385 01:27:48,772 --> 01:27:50,941 THERE IS A DEIA MENTORSHIP 2386 01:27:50,941 --> 01:27:52,809 SUPPLEMENT THAT'S RUN THROUGH 2387 01:27:52,809 --> 01:27:56,113 NIH CENTRALLY WHERE IF YOU ARE A 2388 01:27:56,113 --> 01:27:57,881 P.I. WHO'S KNOWN AS AN 2389 01:27:57,881 --> 01:27:58,648 OUTSTANDING MENTOR WITH A 2390 01:27:58,648 --> 01:28:02,018 COMMITMENT TO DI DEIA, THERE ARE 2391 01:28:02,018 --> 01:28:03,019 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS THAT 2392 01:28:03,019 --> 01:28:05,655 ARE AVAILABLE THROUGH NIH. 2393 01:28:05,655 --> 01:28:08,191 WE HAVE A SUMMER INTERNSHIP FOR 2394 01:28:08,191 --> 01:28:09,393 STUDENTS FROM BACKGROUNDS THAT 2395 01:28:09,393 --> 01:28:12,429 ARE UNDERREPRESENTED IN 2396 01:28:12,429 --> 01:28:14,965 RESEARCH, AND CAESAR PEREZ 2397 01:28:14,965 --> 01:28:17,033 GONZALEZ IS THE PERSON WHO RUNS 2398 01:28:17,033 --> 01:28:18,802 THAT AND DOES A REALLY GOOD JOB 2399 01:28:18,802 --> 01:28:20,303 WITH IT, AND FOR THE PAST THREE 2400 01:28:20,303 --> 01:28:22,005 YEARS, WE HAVE HAD A HIGH SCHOOL 2401 01:28:22,005 --> 01:28:23,206 VIDEO CONTEST FOR STUDENTS WHERE 2402 01:28:23,206 --> 01:28:26,176 THEY SUBMIT VIDEOS THAT ARE 2403 01:28:26,176 --> 01:28:28,578 ABOUT SCIENCE, MEDICINE, 2404 01:28:28,578 --> 01:28:30,547 HOPEFULLY ABOUT THE EYE. 2405 01:28:30,547 --> 01:28:33,283 IT'S CALLED EYE ON THE FUTURE. 2406 01:28:33,283 --> 01:28:35,485 AND THERE'S A $2,000 CASH PRIZE. 2407 01:28:35,485 --> 01:28:37,788 WE BRING THE WINNERS TO BETHESDA 2408 01:28:37,788 --> 01:28:39,222 FOR A DAY TO MEET PEOPLE, YOU 2409 01:28:39,222 --> 01:28:42,592 KNOW, TOUR THE CAMPUS, AND HAVE 2410 01:28:42,592 --> 01:28:44,361 PANELS, AND THEY'LL DO THINGS 2411 01:28:44,361 --> 01:28:46,229 LIKE DISSECT ANIMAL EYES, SO 2412 01:28:46,229 --> 01:28:48,765 THAT'S BEEN REALLY A LOT OF FUN. 2413 01:28:48,765 --> 01:28:52,469 THIS YEAR, LARRY TABAK, THE NIH 2414 01:28:52,469 --> 01:28:53,069 PRINCIPAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR, IS 2415 01:28:53,069 --> 01:28:54,371 GOING TO COME OUT AS ONE OF THE 2416 01:28:54,371 --> 01:28:58,175 SPEAKERS FOR THE KIDS, AND SO 2417 01:28:58,175 --> 01:28:59,943 NIRAJ AND ED HAVE DONE A REALLY 2418 01:28:59,943 --> 01:29:01,845 GOOD JOB WITH THESE TRAINING 2419 01:29:01,845 --> 01:29:03,480 PROGRAMS AND MARIA ZACARIAS IS 2420 01:29:03,480 --> 01:29:05,549 THE PERSON WHO'S RUNNING EYE ON 2421 01:29:05,549 --> 01:29:09,753 THE FUTURE. 2422 01:29:09,753 --> 01:29:13,123 THIS YEAR AT ARVO, NEERAJ AND ED 2423 01:29:13,123 --> 01:29:17,461 TOGETHER WITH PARTNERS AT RPB, 2424 01:29:17,461 --> 01:29:19,529 RESEARCH TO PREVENT BLINDNESS, 2425 01:29:19,529 --> 01:29:21,698 POSTED A K AWARDEE SYMPOSIUM. 2426 01:29:21,698 --> 01:29:23,934 FOR PEOPLE WHO HAVE K GRANTS OR 2427 01:29:23,934 --> 01:29:25,335 RPB CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARDS 2428 01:29:25,335 --> 01:29:27,537 WHERE THERE WERE KEYNOTE TALKS, 2429 01:29:27,537 --> 01:29:28,271 ROUNDTABLES, PANEL DISCUSSIONS 2430 01:29:28,271 --> 01:29:28,738 FOR THEM. 2431 01:29:28,738 --> 01:29:32,409 AND I THOUGHT THIS WAS GREAT. 2432 01:29:32,409 --> 01:29:36,847 WE HAD GUEST SPEAKERS, NISHA 2433 01:29:36,847 --> 01:29:40,884 CHARIA FROM UCSF, TERRY YOUNG, 2434 01:29:40,884 --> 01:29:48,492 RAJ RAO, VIVIAN LEE AND JAJ RAO. 2435 01:29:48,492 --> 01:29:51,094 PEOPLE WHO WERE -- YOUNGER FOLKS 2436 01:29:51,094 --> 01:29:52,395 WHO WERE THERE TOLD ME THAT THIS 2437 01:29:52,395 --> 01:29:54,097 WAS REALLY, REALLY VALUABLE FOR 2438 01:29:54,097 --> 01:29:54,397 THEM. 2439 01:29:54,397 --> 01:29:56,032 ONE OF THE REASONS WE WANT TO DO 2440 01:29:56,032 --> 01:29:59,469 THIS IS I AWARDED A K AWARDEE 2441 01:29:59,469 --> 01:30:00,337 SYMPOSIUM IN 2005. 2442 01:30:00,337 --> 01:30:02,739 AND THAT'S WHERE I MET VINU. 2443 01:30:02,739 --> 01:30:04,140 DESPITE THAT, I THOUGHT IT WAS 2444 01:30:04,140 --> 01:30:07,310 VERY VALUABLE. 2445 01:30:07,310 --> 01:30:11,982 AND IN FACT, WE HAVEN'T HAD THIS 2446 01:30:11,982 --> 01:30:16,720 SINCE 2005, SO NNRAJ, ED AND THE 2447 01:30:16,720 --> 01:30:18,121 GROUP -- RPB, THERE WERE A LOT 2448 01:30:18,121 --> 01:30:19,256 OF OTHER PEOPLE THERE, DID A 2449 01:30:19,256 --> 01:30:21,758 REALLY AWESOME JOB WITH THIS. 2450 01:30:21,758 --> 01:30:25,695 I JUST WANT TO SAY THAT WE HAD 2451 01:30:25,695 --> 01:30:26,563 SOME -- THERE'S A GROUP OF 2452 01:30:26,563 --> 01:30:30,734 PEOPLE THAT I MEET WITH 2453 01:30:30,734 --> 01:30:31,067 REGULARLY. 2454 01:30:31,067 --> 01:30:35,038 AND IT'S LEADERSHIP IN SOME OF 2455 01:30:35,038 --> 01:30:38,074 THE VISION-RELEVANT COMMUNITIES. 2456 01:30:38,074 --> 01:30:40,510 AAO, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OP TOM 2457 01:30:40,510 --> 01:30:48,285 OPTOMETRY, ARVO, NAEVR/AEVR. 2458 01:30:48,285 --> 01:30:58,361 DAN IS THE -- ARVO AND HOFLAND. 2459 01:30:58,361 --> 01:30:59,362 ONE OF THE THINGS WE'VE BEEN 2460 01:30:59,362 --> 01:31:01,464 TALKING ABOUT RECENTLY HAS BEEN 2461 01:31:01,464 --> 01:31:01,731 MESSAGING. 2462 01:31:01,731 --> 01:31:03,466 HOW CAN WE DRAW PEOPLE INTO THE 2463 01:31:03,466 --> 01:31:04,100 FIELD? 2464 01:31:04,100 --> 01:31:05,402 I WILL TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE 2465 01:31:05,402 --> 01:31:09,906 ABOUT THIS IN THE OPEN SESSION. 2466 01:31:09,906 --> 01:31:11,675 AND LASTLY, I JUST WANT TO SAY 2467 01:31:11,675 --> 01:31:12,976 IN TERMS OF EDUCATING PEOPLE 2468 01:31:12,976 --> 01:31:14,844 ABOUT WHAT WE DO AND WHY IT'S 2469 01:31:14,844 --> 01:31:15,879 IMPORTANT, I WANT TO MAKE SURE 2470 01:31:15,879 --> 01:31:17,180 THAT YOU KNOW ABOUT RESOURCES 2471 01:31:17,180 --> 01:31:22,552 THAT WE HAVE AVAILABLE. 2472 01:31:22,552 --> 01:31:23,987 THE DIVISION OF INTRAMURAL 2473 01:31:23,987 --> 01:31:25,755 RESEARCH AT THE NEI HAS A 2474 01:31:25,755 --> 01:31:26,923 WORKSHOP -- HAS A SEMINAR SERIES 2475 01:31:26,923 --> 01:31:28,258 THAT'S REALLY GOOD. 2476 01:31:28,258 --> 01:31:32,429 THIS QR CODE TAKES YOU TO THAT. 2477 01:31:32,429 --> 01:31:35,832 DATA SCIENCE HAS AN EMERGING 2478 01:31:35,832 --> 01:31:37,033 SEMINAR SERIES THAT'S BEEN 2479 01:31:37,033 --> 01:31:38,902 REALLY GOOD WITH THE ONE SO FAR. 2480 01:31:38,902 --> 01:31:40,770 AMBER AND KERRY HAVE PUT THAT 2481 01:31:40,770 --> 01:31:41,304 TOGETHER. 2482 01:31:41,304 --> 01:31:42,539 HERE'S A QR CODE. 2483 01:31:42,539 --> 01:31:45,308 THIS QR CODE TAKES YOU TO A 2484 01:31:45,308 --> 01:31:47,677 WEBSITE THAT HAS ALL THE NEI 2485 01:31:47,677 --> 01:31:49,212 GRANT OPPORTUNITIES SUMMARIZED. 2486 01:31:49,212 --> 01:31:56,820 IF YOU WANT TO REGISTER FOR THE 2487 01:31:56,820 --> 01:31:58,221 NEI EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH 2488 01:31:58,221 --> 01:31:59,789 NEWSLETTER, HERE'S THE QR CODE, 2489 01:31:59,789 --> 01:32:00,790 AND OF COURSE THERE'S SOCIAL 2490 01:32:00,790 --> 01:32:01,124 MEDIA. 2491 01:32:01,124 --> 01:32:03,793 SO WITH THAT, LET ME TRANSITION 2492 01:32:03,793 --> 01:32:05,161 TO KAREN COLBERT, CAN WE BRING 2493 01:32:05,161 --> 01:32:06,496 YOU UP TO TALK ABOUT BUDGET? 2494 01:32:06,496 --> 01:32:12,402 I KNOW THERE'S A LOT OF -- THIS 2495 01:32:12,402 --> 01:32:13,269 IS -- A LOT OF STUFF HAS BEEN 2496 01:32:13,269 --> 01:32:14,904 HAPPENING. 2497 01:32:14,904 --> 01:32:15,905 SO KAREN, THANK YOU FOR DOING 2498 01:32:15,905 --> 01:32:16,239 THIS. 2499 01:32:16,239 --> 01:32:18,341 KAREN IS OUR NEI BUDGET OFFICER, 2500 01:32:18,341 --> 01:32:19,976 AND SHE DOES AN AWESOME JOB WITH 2501 01:32:19,976 --> 01:32:24,381 THIS. 2502 01:32:24,381 --> 01:32:26,416 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. 2503 01:32:26,416 --> 01:32:32,188 AGAIN, I'M KAREN COLBERT, THE N 2504 01:32:32,188 --> 01:32:32,856 NEI BUDGET OFFICER. 2505 01:32:32,856 --> 01:32:34,124 I'M PLEASED TO BE HERE WITH YOU 2506 01:32:34,124 --> 01:32:35,792 TODAY TO PROVIDE THE BUDGET 2507 01:32:35,792 --> 01:32:36,026 UPDATE. 2508 01:32:36,026 --> 01:32:38,228 I'M GOING TO START WITH A BRIEF 2509 01:32:38,228 --> 01:32:39,329 RECAP OF THE CURRENT FISCAL YEAR 2510 01:32:39,329 --> 01:32:40,530 AND THEN I'LL SHARE WHAT WE 2511 01:32:40,530 --> 01:32:43,133 EXPECT FOR THE NEW FISCAL YEAR 2512 01:32:43,133 --> 01:32:46,269 2025 THAT STARTS ON OCTOBER 1. 2513 01:32:46,269 --> 01:32:48,538 THIS FISCAL YEAR, 2024, NEI DID 2514 01:32:48,538 --> 01:32:50,974 NOT RECEIVE A BUDGET INCREASE. 2515 01:32:50,974 --> 01:32:53,710 MOST OF THE NEI -- PARDON ME -- 2516 01:32:53,710 --> 01:32:56,680 MOST OF THE NIH INSTITUTES AND 2517 01:32:56,680 --> 01:33:00,517 CENTERS WERE HELD FLAT, WITH THE 2518 01:33:00,517 --> 01:33:04,454 FY 2023 ENACTED LEVELS. 2519 01:33:04,454 --> 01:33:06,289 THIS FLAT BUDGET IS A RELATIVE 2520 01:33:06,289 --> 01:33:07,757 CUT BECAUSE THE COST OF DOING 2521 01:33:07,757 --> 01:33:09,726 BUSINESS HAS INCREASED, AND DUE 2522 01:33:09,726 --> 01:33:12,495 TO INFLATION AND OTHER FACTORS, 2523 01:33:12,495 --> 01:33:15,231 THE COST TO MAINTAIN OUR 2524 01:33:15,231 --> 01:33:18,401 INFRASTRUCTURE HAVE ALSO BEEN -- 2525 01:33:18,401 --> 01:33:19,836 BECAUSE A CORPORATION'S PROCESS 2526 01:33:19,836 --> 01:33:22,472 IS FILLED WITH UNCERTAINTY, WE 2527 01:33:22,472 --> 01:33:25,208 PLAN IN ANTICIPATION OF THESE 2528 01:33:25,208 --> 01:33:28,511 PERIODS OF FLAT OR REDUCED 2529 01:33:28,511 --> 01:33:28,945 BUDGETS. 2530 01:33:28,945 --> 01:33:31,381 WE REVIEW OUR COMMITMENTS IN ALL 2531 01:33:31,381 --> 01:33:35,752 AREAS, LOOKING FOR WAYS TO 2532 01:33:35,752 --> 01:33:38,955 REDUCE WHERE WE CAN WHILE 2533 01:33:38,955 --> 01:33:41,891 PRIORITIZING TRAINING AND EARLY 2534 01:33:41,891 --> 01:33:42,358 CAREER INVESTIGATORS. 2535 01:33:42,358 --> 01:33:44,461 PROVIDED HERE IS A SNAPSHOT OF 2536 01:33:44,461 --> 01:33:45,228 NEI'S PROPOSED SPENDING FOR THE 2537 01:33:45,228 --> 01:33:46,096 YEAR. 2538 01:33:46,096 --> 01:33:53,236 THIS PLAN INVESTS $742 MILLION 2539 01:33:53,236 --> 01:33:54,904 OR 83% OF THE TOTAL BUDGET INTO 2540 01:33:54,904 --> 01:33:56,773 EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH. 2541 01:33:56,773 --> 01:33:58,174 $111 MILLION OR 12% OF THE 2542 01:33:58,174 --> 01:34:01,277 BUDGET INTO INTRAMURAL RESEARCH, 2543 01:34:01,277 --> 01:34:03,346 AND $43 MILLION OR 5% INTO 2544 01:34:03,346 --> 01:34:07,050 RESEARCH SUPPORT. 2545 01:34:07,050 --> 01:34:09,552 AT THE NIH LEVEL, THERE WAS A 2546 01:34:09,552 --> 01:34:10,453 $300 MILLION INCREASE FOR THE 2547 01:34:10,453 --> 01:34:12,455 FISCAL YEAR. 2548 01:34:12,455 --> 01:34:15,325 WHEN YOU EXAIRL THAT TO OTHER 2549 01:34:15,325 --> 01:34:17,694 AGENCIES THAT TOOK A CUT, IT'S 2550 01:34:17,694 --> 01:34:21,297 CERTAINLY A WIN BUT DID NOT COME 2551 01:34:21,297 --> 01:34:22,165 WITHOUT SOME CHALLENGES. 2552 01:34:22,165 --> 01:34:28,004 THE BILL DID NOT RESTORE A 2553 01:34:28,004 --> 01:34:30,607 $378 MILLION REDUCTION IN 21ST 2554 01:34:30,607 --> 01:34:36,112 CRECENTURY CURES ACT FUNDING ACS 2555 01:34:36,112 --> 01:34:37,947 NCI, NINDS, MENTAL HEALTH AND 2556 01:34:37,947 --> 01:34:39,048 THE NIH OD. 2557 01:34:39,048 --> 01:34:40,617 SETTING CURES ASIDE, THE 2558 01:34:40,617 --> 01:34:42,018 INCREASES ACROSS SOME INSTITUTES 2559 01:34:42,018 --> 01:34:44,821 AND CENTERS, AND A DECREASE IN 2560 01:34:44,821 --> 01:34:47,524 THE NIH COMMON FUND PROVIDED A 2561 01:34:47,524 --> 01:34:50,260 NET INCREASE OF $300 MILLION FOR 2562 01:34:50,260 --> 01:34:51,594 NIH. 2563 01:34:51,594 --> 01:35:00,904 LOOKING AH AHEAD TO FISCAL YEARR 2564 01:35:00,904 --> 01:35:01,104 2025. 2565 01:35:01,104 --> 01:35:03,006 THERE'S NO WAY TO SAY RIGHT NOW 2566 01:35:03,006 --> 01:35:04,274 HOW WELL THE NIH BUDGET WILL DO 2567 01:35:04,274 --> 01:35:05,875 IN THE APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS. 2568 01:35:05,875 --> 01:35:07,844 THIS IS AN ELECTION YEAR WHICH 2569 01:35:07,844 --> 01:35:09,245 ALWAYS HAS AN IMPACT ON THE 2570 01:35:09,245 --> 01:35:09,813 BUDGET PROCESS. 2571 01:35:09,813 --> 01:35:11,047 SO WE KNOW IT'S NOT LIKELY THAT 2572 01:35:11,047 --> 01:35:12,115 CONGRESS WILL NOT PASS 2573 01:35:12,115 --> 01:35:13,483 APPROPRIATIONS BEFORE THE NEW 2574 01:35:13,483 --> 01:35:14,584 FISCAL YEAR STARTS ON 2575 01:35:14,584 --> 01:35:15,118 OCTOBER 1ST. 2576 01:35:15,118 --> 01:35:16,853 WE FULLY EXPECT TO START THE 2577 01:35:16,853 --> 01:35:18,421 YEAR UNDER CONTINUING 2578 01:35:18,421 --> 01:35:20,490 RESOLUTIONS, AN THOSE WILL 2579 01:35:20,490 --> 01:35:23,760 PROBABLY FLOW THROUGH AFTER THE 2580 01:35:23,760 --> 01:35:26,429 ELECTIONS IN NOVEMBER. 2581 01:35:26,429 --> 01:35:29,599 CONTINUING RESOLUTIONS DO AVOID 2582 01:35:29,599 --> 01:35:31,901 COSTLY AND DIFFICULT GOVERNMENT 2583 01:35:31,901 --> 01:35:33,102 SHUTDOWN, BUT THEY CAN ALSO 2584 01:35:33,102 --> 01:35:35,839 DELAY SOME FUNDING DECISIONS. 2585 01:35:35,839 --> 01:35:37,307 BECAUSE UNDER CONTINUING 2586 01:35:37,307 --> 01:35:38,608 RESOLUTIONS, FUNDS ARE DIVVIED 2587 01:35:38,608 --> 01:35:40,243 OUT BASED ON THE NUMBER OF DAYS 2588 01:35:40,243 --> 01:35:41,144 IN THE CR BILL. 2589 01:35:41,144 --> 01:35:42,846 SO WE DON'T GET OUR ENTIRE 2590 01:35:42,846 --> 01:35:48,518 BUDGET RIGHT AWAY. 2591 01:35:48,518 --> 01:35:53,156 THTHE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST 2592 01:35:53,156 --> 01:36:00,029 FOR 2025 ASKS FOR $898 MILLION, 2593 01:36:00,029 --> 01:36:04,200 THAT'S $2.8 MILLION INCREASE 2594 01:36:04,200 --> 01:36:07,403 OVER THE -- FOR REASONS THAT I 2595 01:36:07,403 --> 01:36:08,504 MENTIONED BEFORE BECAUSE OF 2596 01:36:08,504 --> 01:36:09,172 INFLATION AND BECAUSE OF THE 2597 01:36:09,172 --> 01:36:10,707 COST OF DOING BUSINESS 2598 01:36:10,707 --> 01:36:13,176 INCREASING. 2599 01:36:13,176 --> 01:36:16,012 HERE'S A SNAPSHOT OF THE NEI 2600 01:36:16,012 --> 01:36:19,282 BUDGET AS IT'S PUBLISHED IN THE 2601 01:36:19,282 --> 01:36:24,587 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET REQUEST. 2602 01:36:24,587 --> 01:36:26,022 IT'S BUILT USING POLICY GUIDANCE 2603 01:36:26,022 --> 01:36:28,324 FROM BOTH THE NIH AND DEPARTMENT 2604 01:36:28,324 --> 01:36:29,058 OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. 2605 01:36:29,058 --> 01:36:30,293 THIS PLAN KEEPS THE FUNDING 2606 01:36:30,293 --> 01:36:33,563 LEVELS FOR EACH ACTIVITY AT 2607 01:36:33,563 --> 01:36:34,430 RELATIVELY THE SAME PERCENTAGE 2608 01:36:34,430 --> 01:36:36,232 AS THE CURRENT FISCAL YEAR. 2609 01:36:36,232 --> 01:36:41,037 THE PLAN INVESTS APPROXIMATELY 2610 01:36:41,037 --> 01:36:43,006 $740 MILLION OF THE NEI TOTAL IN 2611 01:36:43,006 --> 01:36:44,707 EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH. 2612 01:36:44,707 --> 01:36:46,542 AGAIN, WE USE THESE AMOUNTS FOR 2613 01:36:46,542 --> 01:36:47,610 PLANNING PURPOSES UNTIL MORE 2614 01:36:47,610 --> 01:36:49,579 INFORMATION IS MADE AVAILABLE AS 2615 01:36:49,579 --> 01:36:50,947 CONGRESS WORKS THROUGH THE 2616 01:36:50,947 --> 01:36:52,916 APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS. 2617 01:36:52,916 --> 01:36:54,784 HERE WE HAVE A FEDERAL BUDGET 2618 01:36:54,784 --> 01:36:57,754 PROCESS TIME LIME. 2619 01:36:57,754 --> 01:36:58,755 TITLE THREE OF THE CONGRESSIONAL 2620 01:36:58,755 --> 01:37:00,290 BUDGET ACT ESTABLISHES A 2621 01:37:00,290 --> 01:37:04,027 SPECIFIC TIMETABLE FOR THE 2622 01:37:04,027 --> 01:37:04,627 CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS. 2623 01:37:04,627 --> 01:37:07,430 THE OPEN SECRET IS THAT CONGRESS 2624 01:37:07,430 --> 01:37:08,731 CONTROLS THE PROCESS TO THINGS 2625 01:37:08,731 --> 01:37:10,366 MOVE ALONG AS THEY CHOOSE. 2626 01:37:10,366 --> 01:37:11,901 THERE ARE NO KNOWN PENALTIES FOR 2627 01:37:11,901 --> 01:37:14,337 NOT FOLLOWING THIS TIMELINE. 2628 01:37:14,337 --> 01:37:15,738 IN AN IDEAL YEAR, THOUGH, THE 2629 01:37:15,738 --> 01:37:17,607 HOUSE WOULD HAVE COMPLETED AK 2630 01:37:17,607 --> 01:37:20,543 SHUNL ON ALL APPROPRIATIONS 2631 01:37:20,543 --> 01:37:21,911 BILLS BY THE END OF JUNE. 2632 01:37:21,911 --> 01:37:23,012 SO WE KNOW THAT'S NOT GOING TO 2633 01:37:23,012 --> 01:37:24,447 HAPPEN. 2634 01:37:24,447 --> 01:37:27,216 AND SO THIS JUST SPEAKS TO THE 2635 01:37:27,216 --> 01:37:28,885 PROCESS BEING BEHIND SCHEDULE 2636 01:37:28,885 --> 01:37:33,790 AND WITHOUT SOMETHING 2637 01:37:33,790 --> 01:37:34,557 EXTRAORDINARILY UNEXPECTED 2638 01:37:34,557 --> 01:37:37,093 HAPPENING, WE AGAIN ARE MOST 2639 01:37:37,093 --> 01:37:38,194 ASSURED TO NOT HAVE AN 2640 01:37:38,194 --> 01:37:44,233 APPROPRIATION BY OCTOBER 1ST. 2641 01:37:44,233 --> 01:37:45,535 MOVING ON TO RECENT HOUSE AND 2642 01:37:45,535 --> 01:37:49,372 SENATE ACTIVITY. 2643 01:37:49,372 --> 01:37:51,140 KAY GRANGER, REPUBLICAN FROM 2644 01:37:51,140 --> 01:37:52,108 TEXAS, ANNOUNCED IN MARCH THAT 2645 01:37:52,108 --> 01:37:53,443 SHE WAS STEPPING DOWN AS THE 2646 01:37:53,443 --> 01:37:55,678 CHAIR OF THE HOUSE FULL 2647 01:37:55,678 --> 01:37:57,080 APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE. 2648 01:37:57,080 --> 01:37:59,415 THE CHAIR IS NOW TOM COLE, 2649 01:37:59,415 --> 01:38:02,685 REPUBLICAN FROM OKLAHOMA. 2650 01:38:02,685 --> 01:38:04,454 TOM COLE HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN 2651 01:38:04,454 --> 01:38:06,022 SUPPORTIVE OF NIH, SO WE HOPE 2652 01:38:06,022 --> 01:38:07,090 THAT'S A GOOD SIGN FOR THE 2653 01:38:07,090 --> 01:38:08,524 BUDGET PROCESS. 2654 01:38:08,524 --> 01:38:11,127 JUST AFTER TAKING OVER THE 2655 01:38:11,127 --> 01:38:14,464 CHAIRMAN'S POSITION, HE RELEASED 2656 01:38:14,464 --> 01:38:16,899 THE MARKUP SCHEDULE FOR FISCAL 2657 01:38:16,899 --> 01:38:18,801 YEAR 2025 APPROPRIATIONS BILL. 2658 01:38:18,801 --> 01:38:20,236 THE SUBCOMMITTEE MARKUP FOR THE 2659 01:38:20,236 --> 01:38:21,637 LABOR HHS EDUCATION BILL IS 2660 01:38:21,637 --> 01:38:23,006 SCHEDULED FOR THURSDAY, 2661 01:38:23,006 --> 01:38:23,773 JUNE 27TH. 2662 01:38:23,773 --> 01:38:26,709 THE FULL COMMITTEE MARKUP FOR 2663 01:38:26,709 --> 01:38:28,778 THE LABOR HHS BILL WAS SCHEDULED 2664 01:38:28,778 --> 01:38:31,114 FOR WEDNESDAY, JULY 10TH. 2665 01:38:31,114 --> 01:38:33,483 THERE IS NO EXPECTATION OF A 2666 01:38:33,483 --> 01:38:35,118 HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS 2667 01:38:35,118 --> 01:38:36,185 SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING FOR NIH, 2668 01:38:36,185 --> 01:38:37,687 HOWEVER, THE SENATE JUST HELD 2669 01:38:37,687 --> 01:38:40,323 THEIR HEARING ON MARCH 23RD. 2670 01:38:40,323 --> 01:38:42,158 THANKFULLY THERE WERE NO LAND 2671 01:38:42,158 --> 01:38:43,860 MINES DURING THAT HEARING. 2672 01:38:43,860 --> 01:38:47,030 OVERALL, IT WAS A VERY POSITIVE 2673 01:38:47,030 --> 01:38:49,632 DISCUSSION, AND APPARENTLY 2674 01:38:49,632 --> 01:38:52,835 BIPARTISAN SUPPORT FOR NIH. 2675 01:38:52,835 --> 01:38:56,372 THIS IS MY FINAL SLIDE. 2676 01:38:56,372 --> 01:38:57,440 THESE ARE HIGHLIGHTS OF SEVERAL 2677 01:38:57,440 --> 01:39:00,176 AREAS THAT WERE RAISED AS A 2678 01:39:00,176 --> 01:39:02,645 PRIORITY DURING THE SENATE 2679 01:39:02,645 --> 01:39:05,381 HEARING. 2680 01:39:05,381 --> 01:39:07,016 THIS ISN'T ALL-H1N1 INCLUSIVE 2681 01:39:07,016 --> 01:39:08,084 BUT JUST SOME OF THE 2682 01:39:08,084 --> 01:39:08,818 CONVERSATIONS THAT HAPPENED. 2683 01:39:08,818 --> 01:39:12,088 THE NEED FOR CONTINUED 2684 01:39:12,088 --> 01:39:13,523 INVESTMENTS TO DEVELOP BETTER 2685 01:39:13,523 --> 01:39:14,290 DIAGNOSTICS, IMPROVE TREATMENT 2686 01:39:14,290 --> 01:39:17,627 AND PRECISION CARE FOR PATIENTS, 2687 01:39:17,627 --> 01:39:19,395 INCLUDING TARGETED INVESTMENTS 2688 01:39:19,395 --> 01:39:20,630 FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S HEALTH 2689 01:39:20,630 --> 01:39:22,698 AND CUTTING THE CANCER DEATH 2690 01:39:22,698 --> 01:39:24,667 RATE, LIMITING THE SPREAD OF 2691 01:39:24,667 --> 01:39:25,435 BIRD FLU. 2692 01:39:25,435 --> 01:39:28,838 THE IMPORTANCE OF RESTORING 21ST 2693 01:39:28,838 --> 01:39:30,973 CENTURY CURES FUNDING, 2694 01:39:30,973 --> 01:39:33,042 REIGNITING CANCER MOONSHOT. 2695 01:39:33,042 --> 01:39:33,810 INVESTMENT IN THE NEXT 2696 01:39:33,810 --> 01:39:35,878 GENERATION OF RESEARCHERS, 2697 01:39:35,878 --> 01:39:38,347 DEVELOPING TREATMENTS FOR LONG 2698 01:39:38,347 --> 01:39:39,982 COVID, ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH AND 2699 01:39:39,982 --> 01:39:43,419 OTHER DEMENTIA-RELATED RESEARCH, 2700 01:39:43,419 --> 01:39:45,154 SUBSTANCE USE AND THE OPIOID 2701 01:39:45,154 --> 01:39:46,255 EPIDEMIC, MENTAL HEALTH 2702 01:39:46,255 --> 01:39:48,758 RESEARCH, RURAL HEALTH RESEARCH, 2703 01:39:48,758 --> 01:39:50,193 AND USING ARTIFICIAL 2704 01:39:50,193 --> 01:39:51,060 INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE 2705 01:39:51,060 --> 01:39:51,861 LEARNING FOR GATHERING 2706 01:39:51,861 --> 01:39:53,963 INFORMATION. 2707 01:39:53,963 --> 01:39:55,264 SO I'LL STOP HERE. 2708 01:39:55,264 --> 01:39:56,799 THE LIST GOES ON, BUT I'LL 2709 01:39:56,799 --> 01:39:57,867 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS NOW THAT 2710 01:39:57,867 --> 01:40:08,311 YOU MIGHT HAVE. 2711 01:40:08,311 --> 01:40:13,916 >> QUESTION, THE INTRAMURAL TO 2712 01:40:13,916 --> 01:40:16,219 EXTRAMURAL EXPENDITURES, ON THE 2713 01:40:16,219 --> 01:40:17,386 BUDGET, IS THAT SET FROM YEAR TO 2714 01:40:17,386 --> 01:40:17,587 YEAR? 2715 01:40:17,587 --> 01:40:18,821 AND IF IT'S NOT, HOW MUCH 2716 01:40:18,821 --> 01:40:20,089 VARIANCE DO YOU GET FROM YEAR TO 2717 01:40:20,089 --> 01:40:20,289 YEAR? 2718 01:40:20,289 --> 01:40:21,124 >> SURE. 2719 01:40:21,124 --> 01:40:22,325 OUR HISTORICAL TRENDS HAVE BEEN 2720 01:40:22,325 --> 01:40:25,394 PRPRETTY CONSISTENT. 2721 01:40:25,394 --> 01:40:28,264 OUR TRAIN MURAL PROGRAM IS ABOUT 2722 01:40:28,264 --> 01:40:30,066 12% OF THE TOTAL NEI BUDGET SO 2723 01:40:30,066 --> 01:40:31,234 THAT'S WHAT WE'VE SEEN OVER 2724 01:40:31,234 --> 01:40:31,801 TIME. 2725 01:40:31,801 --> 01:40:33,302 OF COURSE EACH YEAR IS UNIQUE 2726 01:40:33,302 --> 01:40:35,972 AND DIFFERENT, AND SO WE DO OUR 2727 01:40:35,972 --> 01:40:38,508 BEST TO MAINTAIN THE FUNDING 2728 01:40:38,508 --> 01:40:39,809 BECAUSE WE HAVE ONGOING 2729 01:40:39,809 --> 01:40:42,778 COMMITMENTS THAT WE HAVE TO 2730 01:40:42,778 --> 01:40:43,179 ADDRESS. 2731 01:40:43,179 --> 01:40:45,047 >> AND IF YOU WERE TO LOOK AT 2732 01:40:45,047 --> 01:40:46,549 THE NUMBER OF LABORATORIES 2733 01:40:46,549 --> 01:40:50,253 AND/OR PIs AS SUPPORTED BY 2734 01:40:50,253 --> 01:40:51,287 INTRAMURAL COMPARED TO 2735 01:40:51,287 --> 01:40:53,156 EXTRAMURAL, HOW DO THESE 2736 01:40:53,156 --> 01:40:53,389 COMPARE? 2737 01:40:53,389 --> 01:40:55,558 >> I'D ACTUALLY HAVE TO TURN 2738 01:40:55,558 --> 01:40:58,161 THAT QUESTION OVER TO NEI 2739 01:40:58,161 --> 01:40:58,461 LEADERSHIP. 2740 01:40:58,461 --> 01:40:59,795 >> REZA, THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 2741 01:40:59,795 --> 01:41:02,565 THE NUMBER OF INTRAMURAL 2742 01:41:02,565 --> 01:41:03,232 INVESTIGATORS IS OBVIOUSLY 2743 01:41:03,232 --> 01:41:03,699 SMALLER. 2744 01:41:03,699 --> 01:41:04,867 WE HAVE ABOUT 300 PEOPLE WHO 2745 01:41:04,867 --> 01:41:08,304 WORK IN BETHESDA HERE. 2746 01:41:08,304 --> 01:41:10,072 ROUGHLY 20-SOME LABS AND SIX 2747 01:41:10,072 --> 01:41:13,242 CORE FACILITIES. 2748 01:41:13,242 --> 01:41:16,879 >> THANK YOU. 2749 01:41:16,879 --> 01:41:19,815 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2750 01:41:19,815 --> 01:41:25,054 >> KAREN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2751 01:41:25,054 --> 01:41:26,289 WE NORMALLY HAVE DISCUSSION 2752 01:41:26,289 --> 01:41:29,025 BUILT IN OVER HERE, BUT GIVEN 2753 01:41:29,025 --> 01:41:30,459 THE TIME, AND CAN YOU TELL THAT 2754 01:41:30,459 --> 01:41:31,694 WE RUSHED A LITTLE BIT THROUGH 2755 01:41:31,694 --> 01:41:33,996 SOME OF THE FINAL SLIDES HERE, 2756 01:41:33,996 --> 01:41:35,431 BECAUSE WE HAD A LOT TO DISCUSS 2757 01:41:35,431 --> 01:41:41,704 THAT WAS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE 2758 01:41:41,704 --> 01:41:43,239 ACTUAL DIRECTOR'S REPORT. 2759 01:41:43,239 --> 01:41:45,741 I REALLY APPRECIATE ALL THE 2760 01:41:45,741 --> 01:41:47,510 COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS THAT 2761 01:41:47,510 --> 01:41:50,846 YOU'VE MADE HERE, AND I HOPE IT 2762 01:41:50,846 --> 01:41:53,382 COMES ACROSS THAT MANY OF THE 2763 01:41:53,382 --> 01:41:54,784 COMMENTS THAT YOU HAVE MADE OVER 2764 01:41:54,784 --> 01:41:59,455 THE FEW YEARS HAVE MADE THEIR 2765 01:41:59,455 --> 01:42:00,389 WAY INTO THINGS THAT WE'VE DONE 2766 01:42:00,389 --> 01:42:01,123 HERE. 2767 01:42:01,123 --> 01:42:02,191 WE'LL HAVE 45 MINUTES FOR 2768 01:42:02,191 --> 01:42:06,662 GENERAL DISCUSSION LATER, AND MY 2769 01:42:06,662 --> 01:42:08,197 GUESS IS THAT WE WON'T BE 2770 01:42:08,197 --> 01:42:09,332 HURTING FOR TOPICS TO DISCUSS, 2771 01:42:09,332 --> 01:42:12,401 BUT IF WE ARE, I HAVE A COUPLE 2772 01:42:12,401 --> 01:42:12,902 PROMPTS. 2773 01:42:12,902 --> 01:42:14,971 BUT WITH THIS, LET ME -- KATHY, 2774 01:42:14,971 --> 01:42:15,972 IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE WE NEED 2775 01:42:15,972 --> 01:42:17,506 TO DO OR CAN WE MOVE TO A BREAK? 2776 01:42:17,506 --> 01:42:20,076 >> NO, WE CAN MOVE TO A BREAK. 2777 01:42:20,076 --> 01:42:23,045 AND YEAH, SORRY TO CUT THE 2778 01:42:23,045 --> 01:42:24,347 DISCUSSION SHORT, BUT I'M A BIG 2779 01:42:24,347 --> 01:42:26,582 FAN OF KEEPING TO BREAKS IN OUR 2780 01:42:26,582 --> 01:42:27,883 SCHEDULE, AND AS MIKE MENTIONED, 2781 01:42:27,883 --> 01:42:29,652 WE DO HAVE A LOT OF TIME AT THE 2782 01:42:29,652 --> 01:42:31,621 END FOR GENERAL DISCUSSION TOO. 2783 01:42:31,621 --> 01:42:33,656 >> THANK YOU. 2784 01:42:33,656 --> 01:42:35,725 LET'S START AT 10:30. 2785 01:42:35,725 --> 01:42:38,586 SO VINU AND AFROUZ WILL BE ON STAGE. 2786 01:42:44,855 --> 01:42:46,290 AS YOU CAN TELL, WE'RE REALLY 2787 01:42:46,290 --> 01:42:47,625 EXCITED ABOUT THE TWO SPEAKERS 2788 01:42:47,625 --> 01:42:50,161 THAT WE HAVE. 2789 01:42:50,161 --> 01:42:52,363 THE THEME IS BASICALLY 2790 01:42:52,363 --> 01:42:53,898 TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR 2791 01:42:53,898 --> 01:42:58,335 MULTI-OMIC RESEARCH IN VISION. 2792 01:42:58,335 --> 01:43:00,471 AND LET ME JUST INTRODUCE THE 2793 01:43:00,471 --> 01:43:04,008 TWO SPEAKERS RIGHT NOW, AND THEN 2794 01:43:04,008 --> 01:43:06,577 WE'LL HAVE THEM JUST SPEAK, 2795 01:43:06,577 --> 01:43:08,879 AFROUZ, YOU'LL COME UP WITH VINU 2796 01:43:08,879 --> 01:43:09,847 FINISHES AND THEN YOU CAN COME 2797 01:43:09,847 --> 01:43:10,848 BACK HERE AND WE'LL HAVE 2798 01:43:10,848 --> 01:43:16,187 DISCUSSION AROUND THE TABLE. 2799 01:43:16,187 --> 01:43:21,192 SO VINIT MAHAJAN IS AN MD/PH.D., 2800 01:43:21,192 --> 01:43:25,629 AND HE TRAINED IN THE UCLA EYE 2801 01:43:25,629 --> 01:43:27,164 STAR PROGRAM, ACADEMICALLY 2802 01:43:27,164 --> 01:43:29,366 ORIENTED, AND HE'S BEEN A REAL 2803 01:43:29,366 --> 01:43:30,234 SUPERSTAR. 2804 01:43:30,234 --> 01:43:31,202 INITIALLY STARTED OUT AT 2805 01:43:31,202 --> 01:43:32,369 UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, AND THEN NOW 2806 01:43:32,369 --> 01:43:36,740 WORKS AT STANFORD, AND REALLY 2807 01:43:36,740 --> 01:43:37,942 CREATIVE, WORKS ALONG A LOT OF 2808 01:43:37,942 --> 01:43:38,776 DIFFERENT AREAS INCLUDING WHAT 2809 01:43:38,776 --> 01:43:40,611 HE'LL BE TALKING ABOUT TODAY, 2810 01:43:40,611 --> 01:43:41,312 MULTI-OMICS THROUGH LIQUID 2811 01:43:41,312 --> 01:43:45,482 BIOPSY. 2812 01:43:45,482 --> 01:43:47,585 AND AFROUZ ANDERSON IS A PROGRAM 2813 01:43:47,585 --> 01:43:49,320 OFFICER IN NIBIB THAT WE'VE 2814 01:43:49,320 --> 01:43:50,588 GOTTEN TO KNOW REALLY WELL OVER 2815 01:43:50,588 --> 01:43:52,022 THE PAST FEW YEARS, AND AFROUZ 2816 01:43:52,022 --> 01:43:57,595 IS AWESOME. 2817 01:43:57,595 --> 01:43:59,430 HER BACKGROUND IS IN 2818 01:43:59,430 --> 01:44:00,598 ENGINEERING, IN BIOMEDICAL 2819 01:44:00,598 --> 01:44:02,733 ENGINEERING AND IS TRAINED 2820 01:44:02,733 --> 01:44:04,335 INITIALLY AT UC DAVIS AND HAS 2821 01:44:04,335 --> 01:44:06,837 DONE A LOT OF WORK BOTH AS A 2822 01:44:06,837 --> 01:44:08,772 RESEARCHER AND PROGRAM OFFICER 2823 01:44:08,772 --> 01:44:10,107 AT NIBIB AND HAS GOTTEN TO 2824 01:44:10,107 --> 01:44:11,041 BECOME FRIENDS WITH US THROUGH 2825 01:44:11,041 --> 01:44:12,343 SOME INITIATIVES THAT WE'VE 2826 01:44:12,343 --> 01:44:16,180 WORKED ON TOGETHER, AND AFROUZ 2827 01:44:16,180 --> 01:44:17,348 WILL TALK MORE ABOUT IMAGING 2828 01:44:17,348 --> 01:44:18,515 BOTH FROM A TECHNICAL 2829 01:44:18,515 --> 01:44:19,717 PERSPECTIVE AND ALSO FROM 2830 01:44:19,717 --> 01:44:21,518 APPLICATIONS AND COLLABORATION 2831 01:44:21,518 --> 01:44:22,753 PERSPECTIVE, AND OUT OF THIS 2832 01:44:22,753 --> 01:44:24,622 WILL COME UP WHAT CAN WE ALL DO 2833 01:44:24,622 --> 01:44:25,489 TO ADVANCE THE FIELD. 2834 01:44:25,489 --> 01:44:27,858 SO WITH THAT, I HAVE NEW, 2835 01:44:27,858 --> 01:44:29,059 WELCOME, AND THEUP FOR BEING 2836 01:44:29,059 --> 01:44:31,762 HERE. 2837 01:44:31,762 --> 01:44:32,730 THANK YOU FOR BEING 2838 01:44:32,730 --> 01:44:32,930 HERE. 2839 01:44:32,930 --> 01:44:35,332 >> IT'S NICE TO SEE MIKE AND 2840 01:44:35,332 --> 01:44:37,868 SINCE WE'VE LAST MET IN 2005 AT 2841 01:44:37,868 --> 01:44:39,570 THAT K MEETING, IT LOOKS LIKE 2842 01:44:39,570 --> 01:44:41,105 YOU'VE DONE PRETTY WELL. 2843 01:44:41,105 --> 01:44:45,276 SO I'M GLAD - I DIDN'T BRING YOU 2844 01:44:45,276 --> 01:44:45,476 DOWN. 2845 01:44:45,476 --> 01:44:46,510 THAT WAS A VERY NICE 2846 01:44:46,510 --> 01:44:47,144 INTRODUCTION, IF YOU COULD SEND 2847 01:44:47,144 --> 01:44:48,746 THAT TO MY WIFE, I THINK SHE'LL 2848 01:44:48,746 --> 01:44:52,416 BE SHOCKED THAT ANYBODY SAIDS 2849 01:44:52,416 --> 01:44:54,218 WAY A SUPERSTAR OR VERY 2850 01:44:54,218 --> 01:44:55,185 PARTICULARLY CREATIVE, BUT THANK 2851 01:44:55,185 --> 01:44:55,452 YOU. 2852 01:44:55,452 --> 01:44:57,187 IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE AT THE 2853 01:44:57,187 --> 01:44:57,988 COUNCIL MEETING. 2854 01:44:57,988 --> 01:44:59,556 I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT 2855 01:44:59,556 --> 01:45:03,360 TEM POLE, WHICH IS A MULTI-OMIC 2856 01:45:03,360 --> 01:45:04,895 APPROACH LOOKING AT DISEASE 2857 01:45:04,895 --> 01:45:07,931 MECHANISMS IN LIVING HUMANS. 2858 01:45:07,931 --> 01:45:09,166 I'M COMING FROM STANFORD, I'VE 2859 01:45:09,166 --> 01:45:10,768 BEEN HERE TO THE NIH NOW A 2860 01:45:10,768 --> 01:45:11,835 COUPLE TIMES VERY RECENTLY AND 2861 01:45:11,835 --> 01:45:14,004 IT GREAT TO BE BACK HERE IN 2862 01:45:14,004 --> 01:45:15,639 FRONT OF THIS GROUP. 2863 01:45:15,639 --> 01:45:18,275 I'D LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE 2864 01:45:18,275 --> 01:45:20,110 PEOPLE WHO DID THE WORK. 2865 01:45:20,110 --> 01:45:21,645 JULIAN WOLF IN PARTICULAR WHO'S 2866 01:45:21,645 --> 01:45:24,481 A POSTDOC NOW BACK IN GERMANY 2867 01:45:24,481 --> 01:45:28,552 DOING HIS VITRIOL RETINAL 2868 01:45:28,552 --> 01:45:32,122 SURGERY AND SOO HYEON, AND OVER 2869 01:45:32,122 --> 01:45:35,192 THE MANY, MANY YEARS OUR FUNDING 2870 01:45:35,192 --> 01:45:36,593 HAS ALMOST ENTIRELY COME FROM 2871 01:45:36,593 --> 01:45:37,594 THE NIH SO I'M VERY GRATEFUL FOR 2872 01:45:37,594 --> 01:45:37,895 THAT. 2873 01:45:37,895 --> 01:45:39,296 I DIRECT A PROGRAM CALLED THE 2874 01:45:39,296 --> 01:45:41,065 MOLECULAR SURGERY PROGRAM, AND 2875 01:45:41,065 --> 01:45:43,667 THIS IS A REALLY HIGH TIME IN 2876 01:45:43,667 --> 01:45:45,302 RETINA AND IN EYE DISEASE AND 2877 01:45:45,302 --> 01:45:46,870 THIS IS FROM A REVIEW I WROTE 2878 01:45:46,870 --> 01:45:55,579 WITH MY FRIEND STEEFL STEVE SANN 2879 01:45:55,579 --> 01:46:02,052 JCI, AND I TELL PEOPLE, WE CAN 2880 01:46:02,052 --> 01:46:03,487 DELIVER ANY MOLECULE ANYWHERE IN 2881 01:46:03,487 --> 01:46:04,988 AND AROUND THE EYE, AND WE DON'T 2882 01:46:04,988 --> 01:46:07,358 OPERATE ON ORGANS OR TISSUES, WE 2883 01:46:07,358 --> 01:46:08,225 ACTUALLY OPERATE ON CELLS. 2884 01:46:08,225 --> 01:46:14,565 I WAS FORTUNATE TO BE A SURGEON 2885 01:46:14,565 --> 01:46:20,337 ON THE FIRST RP65 1ST HUMAN 2886 01:46:20,337 --> 01:46:22,373 FDA -- WE CAN DELIVER A 41 GAUGE 2887 01:46:22,373 --> 01:46:23,774 NEEDLE INTO THE SUBRETINAL 2888 01:46:23,774 --> 01:46:25,109 SPACE, PRECISELY DELIVER A FEW 2889 01:46:25,109 --> 01:46:27,544 HUNDRED MICRO LITERS OF GREEN 2890 01:46:27,544 --> 01:46:28,879 THERAPY VECTOR TO TREAT THE RPE 2891 01:46:28,879 --> 01:46:30,414 CELLS. 2892 01:46:30,414 --> 01:46:34,651 AND ON A DAILY BASIS NOW, GIVING 2893 01:46:34,651 --> 01:46:37,254 TENS OF THOUSANDS OF INJECTIONS, 2894 01:46:37,254 --> 01:46:38,989 OPHTHALMOLOGISTS INJECT PROTEIN 2895 01:46:38,989 --> 01:46:44,395 ANTIBODIES INTO THE EYE, WHICH 2896 01:46:44,395 --> 01:46:47,030 HAS HAD A STUNNING EFFECT ON 2897 01:46:47,030 --> 01:46:51,402 PATIENTS, AN IN WET MACULAR 2898 01:46:51,402 --> 01:46:51,735 DEGENERATION. 2899 01:46:51,735 --> 01:46:53,570 WE'RE ABLE TO INJECT ALL SORTS 2900 01:46:53,570 --> 01:46:54,938 OF THERAPEUTICS, I TELL MY 2901 01:46:54,938 --> 01:46:57,908 FRIENDS IN THE DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2902 01:46:57,908 --> 01:47:00,644 INDUSTRY, WHATEVER THEY'VE DONE 2903 01:47:00,644 --> 01:47:03,447 IN THEIR PETRI DISH WILL WORK IN 2904 01:47:03,447 --> 01:47:04,047 THE EYE. 2905 01:47:04,047 --> 01:47:05,416 THEY DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT 2906 01:47:05,416 --> 01:47:06,950 KIDNEY AND LIVER TOXICITY AND 2907 01:47:06,950 --> 01:47:09,686 THINGS LIKE THAT. 2908 01:47:09,686 --> 01:47:10,754 WE'RE VERY GOOD AT INJECTING 2909 01:47:10,754 --> 01:47:11,889 THINGS BUT WE DON'T TAKE THIS 2910 01:47:11,889 --> 01:47:13,257 OPPORTUNITY TO ACTUALLY REMOVE 2911 01:47:13,257 --> 01:47:14,024 FLUID FROM THE EYE. 2912 01:47:14,024 --> 01:47:16,493 SO IN MEDICINE, IF YOU GO TO THE 2913 01:47:16,493 --> 01:47:19,062 E.R., YOU HAVE CHEST PAIN, TO 2914 01:47:19,062 --> 01:47:21,398 FIGURE OUT WAS IT THE BURRITO 2915 01:47:21,398 --> 01:47:22,633 THAT YOU ATE YESTERDAY OR ARE 2916 01:47:22,633 --> 01:47:25,102 YOU ACTUALLY HAVING A MYOCARDIAL 2917 01:47:25,102 --> 01:47:28,372 INFARCTION, THEY DO NOT DRAW 2918 01:47:28,372 --> 01:47:29,640 BLOOD AND GENOME SEQUENCE YOU, 2919 01:47:29,640 --> 01:47:32,376 LOOK AT YOUR GWAS RISK FACTORS. 2920 01:47:32,376 --> 01:47:33,677 THEY ACTUALLY DRAW BLOOD AND 2921 01:47:33,677 --> 01:47:34,745 THEY LOOK AT PROTEINS. 2922 01:47:34,745 --> 01:47:37,381 IN THIS CASE, THEY LOOK FOR TRI 2923 01:47:37,381 --> 01:47:38,582 TROPONIN, AND IF YOU SEE THAT 2924 01:47:38,582 --> 01:47:39,850 PROTEIN FLOATING IN THE BLOOD, 2925 01:47:39,850 --> 01:47:40,717 YOU KNOW THERE'S BEEN DAMAGE TO 2926 01:47:40,717 --> 01:47:41,285 THE HEAR. 2927 01:47:41,285 --> 01:47:43,153 I THINK IN OPHTHALMOLOGY, 2928 01:47:43,153 --> 01:47:43,887 THERE'S AN INCREDIBLE 2929 01:47:43,887 --> 01:47:45,656 OPPORTUNITY TO IDENTIFY PROTEINS 2930 01:47:45,656 --> 01:47:47,491 IN THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS THAT 2931 01:47:47,491 --> 01:47:49,092 ARE SPECIFICALLY REFLECTING 2932 01:47:49,092 --> 01:47:50,594 THEIR STAGE OF DISEASE AND THE 2933 01:47:50,594 --> 01:47:53,897 ACTIVITY OF DISEASE, AND IF WE 2934 01:47:53,897 --> 01:47:56,400 COULD IDENTIFY THE TROPONINS FOR 2935 01:47:56,400 --> 01:47:58,535 EYE DISEASE, THEN WE COULD DO A 2936 01:47:58,535 --> 01:47:59,436 BETTER JOB WITH DIAGNOSIS, 2937 01:47:59,436 --> 01:48:01,271 CHOOSING DRUG THERAPY, DESIGNING 2938 01:48:01,271 --> 01:48:02,706 OUR CLINICAL TRIALS AND 2939 01:48:02,706 --> 01:48:03,841 OPTIMIZING OUR SURGICAL THERAPY, 2940 01:48:03,841 --> 01:48:06,610 SO I'M GOING TO TELL YOU A 2941 01:48:06,610 --> 01:48:10,113 RECENT STORY, A COUPLE RECENT 2942 01:48:10,113 --> 01:48:11,381 STORIES OF HOW WE'RE TAKING THIS 2943 01:48:11,381 --> 01:48:12,950 APPROACH. 2944 01:48:12,950 --> 01:48:14,785 NOW, I ALSO LECTURE THE MEDICAL 2945 01:48:14,785 --> 01:48:16,086 STUDENTS AND THE 2946 01:48:16,086 --> 01:48:16,854 NON-OPHTHALMOLOGISTS AND 2947 01:48:16,854 --> 01:48:17,888 NON-VISION SCIENTISTS AND SO I 2948 01:48:17,888 --> 01:48:19,857 ASK THEM WHAT'S THE MOST COMMON 2949 01:48:19,857 --> 01:48:21,725 SURGERY ON PLANET EARTH. 2950 01:48:21,725 --> 01:48:23,427 IT CATARACT SURGERY, IN THE 2951 01:48:23,427 --> 01:48:26,697 U.S., WE DO CLOSE TO 4 MILLION 2952 01:48:26,697 --> 01:48:29,333 CATARACT SURGERIES EACH YEAR, 2953 01:48:29,333 --> 01:48:30,367 WE'RE IN THE EYE BUT ALMOST ANY 2954 01:48:30,367 --> 01:48:32,903 OF THE FLUID WE REMOVE 2955 01:48:32,903 --> 01:48:33,737 IMMEDIATELY GET THROWN OUT. 2956 01:48:33,737 --> 01:48:35,339 WHAT I'VE DONE OVER THE YEARS IS 2957 01:48:35,339 --> 01:48:38,342 DEVELOP WHAT WE CALL THE MOBILE 2958 01:48:38,342 --> 01:48:39,543 OPERATING ROOM LAB INTERFACE, 2959 01:48:39,543 --> 01:48:40,511 THE MORLI. 2960 01:48:40,511 --> 01:48:43,881 IF YOU KNOW THE O.R. NURSES, 2961 01:48:43,881 --> 01:48:44,982 THEIR JOB IS TO GET THE PATIENT 2962 01:48:44,982 --> 01:48:46,149 IN AND OUT SAFELY, BUT WE 2963 01:48:46,149 --> 01:48:47,951 FIGURED IF WE TOOK A LITTLE LAB 2964 01:48:47,951 --> 01:48:49,286 BENCH AND WE PUT WHEELS ON IT 2965 01:48:49,286 --> 01:48:51,955 AND IT WAS A CART, THAT WAS OKAY 2966 01:48:51,955 --> 01:48:53,490 IN THE OPERATING ROOM. 2967 01:48:53,490 --> 01:48:54,525 EVERYONE LOVES WHEELING CARTS IN 2968 01:48:54,525 --> 01:48:59,630 AND OUT OF THE O.R. 2969 01:48:59,630 --> 01:49:01,832 WHAT WE HAVE IS A MINI LAB BENCH 2970 01:49:01,832 --> 01:49:02,866 THAT WOULD HAVE EVERYTHING WOULD 2971 01:49:02,866 --> 01:49:04,635 YOU HAVE IN THE LAB, BASICALLY A 2972 01:49:04,635 --> 01:49:07,704 COMPUTER, DRY ICE, CENTRIFUGES, 2973 01:49:07,704 --> 01:49:09,573 SO BASICALLY BRINGING THE LAB 2974 01:49:09,573 --> 01:49:11,708 DIRECTLY INTO THE OPERATING ROOM 2975 01:49:11,708 --> 01:49:15,913 SO THAT WHEN WE REMOVE FLUIDS 2976 01:49:15,913 --> 01:49:17,447 FLUID, INSTEAD OF USING THE 2977 01:49:17,447 --> 01:49:19,316 1800s TECHNOLOGY OF FORMALIN, 2978 01:49:19,316 --> 01:49:20,784 WE REMOVE FLUID AND IMMEDIATELY 2979 01:49:20,784 --> 01:49:23,954 SNAP FREEZE IT ON DRY ICE, IT'S 2980 01:49:23,954 --> 01:49:27,190 PUT IN CRYOBILE, BA BARCODED, 2981 01:49:27,190 --> 01:49:28,959 BANKED AND THEN WE HAVE A VERY 2982 01:49:28,959 --> 01:49:30,060 FRESH SPECIMEN THAT CAN BE USED 2983 01:49:30,060 --> 01:49:31,128 FOR MANY OF THE AMAZING 2984 01:49:31,128 --> 01:49:32,095 MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES THAT WE 2985 01:49:32,095 --> 01:49:32,996 NOW HAVE AVAILABLE TO US. 2986 01:49:32,996 --> 01:49:34,965 SO I ALWAYS TELL PEOPLE THE 2987 01:49:34,965 --> 01:49:36,600 LIMIT IN VISION SCIENCE IS NOT 2988 01:49:36,600 --> 01:49:38,368 THE SCIENCE, IT'S HAVING DRY ICE 2989 01:49:38,368 --> 01:49:41,905 IN THE O.R. 2990 01:49:41,905 --> 01:49:43,340 SO OUR FIRST QUESTION I'D LIKE 2991 01:49:43,340 --> 01:49:45,142 TO ADDRESS IS, HOW CAN WE 2992 01:49:45,142 --> 01:49:46,176 IDENTIFY PROTEIN AND CELL 2993 01:49:46,176 --> 01:49:47,444 RESPONSES IN LIVING HUMANS? 2994 01:49:47,444 --> 01:49:49,513 AND I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT A 2995 01:49:49,513 --> 01:49:51,815 RECENT PUBLICATION THAT WE HAD 2996 01:49:51,815 --> 01:49:53,550 IN CELL. 2997 01:49:53,550 --> 01:49:56,019 AND THE ME TH METHOD THAT WE HAE 2998 01:49:56,019 --> 01:49:57,588 DEVELOPED IS CALLED TEMPO, WHICH 2999 01:49:57,588 --> 01:49:59,656 ASSISTANTS FOR TRACING THE 3000 01:49:59,656 --> 01:50:02,225 EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE PROTEIN 3001 01:50:02,225 --> 01:50:02,459 ORIGINS. 3002 01:50:02,459 --> 01:50:04,561 THE MULTIPLE PROTEINS IS THE 3003 01:50:04,561 --> 01:50:05,996 PROTEOMICS, AND THE ORIGINS ARE 3004 01:50:05,996 --> 01:50:08,231 THE CELLS, AND IN OUR COVER 3005 01:50:08,231 --> 01:50:09,967 IMAGE HERE, THIS LITTLE CARTOON 3006 01:50:09,967 --> 01:50:12,502 BASICALLY EXPLAINS THE NEXT 20 3007 01:50:12,502 --> 01:50:13,804 SLIDES THAT I HAVE. 3008 01:50:13,804 --> 01:50:16,607 WE CAN MEASURE THOUSANDS OF 3009 01:50:16,607 --> 01:50:21,211 PROTEINS, AND THEN USING SINGLE 3010 01:50:21,211 --> 01:50:25,649 CELL RNA SEQ MAPS, WE CAN FIGURE 3011 01:50:25,649 --> 01:50:28,051 OUT WHERE THOSE PROTEINS CAME 3012 01:50:28,051 --> 01:50:28,352 FROM. 3013 01:50:28,352 --> 01:50:31,254 IF WE SEE A YELLOW PROTEIN, WE 3014 01:50:31,254 --> 01:50:32,289 KNOW THAT IT CAME FROM A YELLOW 3015 01:50:32,289 --> 01:50:34,458 CELL. 3016 01:50:34,458 --> 01:50:36,226 SO THIS IS OR PIPELINE. 3017 01:50:36,226 --> 01:50:39,129 SO I WAS REALLY PROUD THAT WE 3018 01:50:39,129 --> 01:50:41,465 GOT A PICTURE OF AN EYE SURGEON 3019 01:50:41,465 --> 01:50:45,035 IN THE OPERATING ROOM IN CELL. 3020 01:50:45,035 --> 01:50:46,003 WE SNUCK THAT IMAGE IN. 3021 01:50:46,003 --> 01:50:48,171 AND WE'RE COLLECTING AQUEOUS 3022 01:50:48,171 --> 01:50:48,839 FLUID HERE. 3023 01:50:48,839 --> 01:50:50,841 AND FROM ONLY 50 MICRO LITERS OF 3024 01:50:50,841 --> 01:50:52,943 EYE FLUID, WE APPLY THAT TO A 3025 01:50:52,943 --> 01:50:55,345 DNA APTAMER ARRAY THAT CAN 3026 01:50:55,345 --> 01:50:57,381 MEASURE UP TO -- CLOSE TO 8,000 3027 01:50:57,381 --> 01:50:59,016 AND NOW 11,000 PROTEINS, AND I 3028 01:50:59,016 --> 01:51:01,652 WAS TOTALLY SHOCKED TO SEE THAT 3029 01:51:01,652 --> 01:51:03,487 OUR SINGLE AQUEOUS FLUID SAMPLE, 3030 01:51:03,487 --> 01:51:06,189 WE CAN MEASURE CLOSE TO 6,000 3031 01:51:06,189 --> 01:51:08,291 DIFFERENT PROTEINS. 3032 01:51:08,291 --> 01:51:11,194 AND DO THAT QUITE ROBUSTLY. 3033 01:51:11,194 --> 01:51:12,396 WE'VE BEEN DOING VITREOUS 3034 01:51:12,396 --> 01:51:14,598 PROTEOMICS, BUT THE AQUEOUS 3035 01:51:14,598 --> 01:51:16,533 PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IS 400 3036 01:51:16,533 --> 01:51:18,101 TIMES LESS THAN THE BLOOD, AND 3037 01:51:18,101 --> 01:51:19,469 OF COURSE THE VOLUME IS VERY 3038 01:51:19,469 --> 01:51:22,773 SMALL, SO THAT'S BEEN A REAL 3039 01:51:22,773 --> 01:51:24,041 TECHNICAL CHALLENGE. 3040 01:51:24,041 --> 01:51:25,742 BUT THIS DNA APTAMER PLATFORM, 3041 01:51:25,742 --> 01:51:28,545 LIKE I SAID, 6,000 PROTEINS IN 3042 01:51:28,545 --> 01:51:30,113 THAT CLEAR FLUID OF AQUEOUS. 3043 01:51:30,113 --> 01:51:31,348 WE THEN TOOK THOSE PROTEINS AND 3044 01:51:31,348 --> 01:51:33,417 APPLIED TO THE VARIOUS SINGLE 3045 01:51:33,417 --> 01:51:34,618 CELL SEQUENCING MAPS THAT TELL 3046 01:51:34,618 --> 01:51:36,887 US WHICH GENES ARE MADE IN WHICH 3047 01:51:36,887 --> 01:51:38,321 SPECIFIC CELLS, AND THEN AS 3048 01:51:38,321 --> 01:51:40,290 CONTROL, WE USE SPLEEN AS A 3049 01:51:40,290 --> 01:51:42,325 NEGATIVE CONTROL, BUT WE ALSO 3050 01:51:42,325 --> 01:51:44,728 COMPARED TO BLOOD AND LIVER, AND 3051 01:51:44,728 --> 01:51:47,064 INTEGRATED THAT DATA. 3052 01:51:47,064 --> 01:51:48,432 IN THIS FIRST HEAT MAP, I'LL 3053 01:51:48,432 --> 01:51:50,934 SHOW YOU SOMETHING THAT'S 3054 01:51:50,934 --> 01:51:54,237 AMAZING AND BLEW THINGS AWAY 3055 01:51:54,237 --> 01:51:55,205 FROM ME. 3056 01:51:55,205 --> 01:51:56,907 ACROSS THE TOP ARE INDIVIDUAL 3057 01:51:56,907 --> 01:51:59,576 CELL TYPES, AND ON THE Y AXIS 3058 01:51:59,576 --> 01:52:02,746 ARE CLOSE TO OVER A THOUSAND, 3059 01:52:02,746 --> 01:52:06,550 2,000 PROTEINS. 3060 01:52:06,550 --> 01:52:08,485 THESE ORANGE STRIPES THAT YOU 3061 01:52:08,485 --> 01:52:11,788 SEE ARE MULTIPLE PROTEINS THAT 3062 01:52:11,788 --> 01:52:13,090 CAN ONLY COME FROM A SINGLE CELL 3063 01:52:13,090 --> 01:52:13,623 TYPE. 3064 01:52:13,623 --> 01:52:18,195 SO FOR EXAMPLE, IN AMICRIN 3065 01:52:18,195 --> 01:52:20,831 CELLS, WE CAN FIND 200 PROTEINS 3066 01:52:20,831 --> 01:52:22,032 THAT ARE ONLY MADE BY THOSE 3067 01:52:22,032 --> 01:52:23,433 CELLS. 3068 01:52:23,433 --> 01:52:25,168 WE FOUND A HUNDRED PROTEINS FOR 3069 01:52:25,168 --> 01:52:26,269 GANGLION CELLS, OVER 50 PROTEINS 3070 01:52:26,269 --> 01:52:28,105 FOR CONES AND SHOW ON. 3071 01:52:28,105 --> 01:52:29,940 THIS IS SHOWN IN CARTOON FORM. 3072 01:52:29,940 --> 01:52:31,908 SO SOMEHOW, THESE PROTEINS IN A 3073 01:52:31,908 --> 01:52:33,443 NORMAL EYE, WERE LEAKING OUT OF 3074 01:52:33,443 --> 01:52:35,278 THE CELLS, AND MANAGED TO 3075 01:52:35,278 --> 01:52:38,648 SURVIVE ALL THROUGH THE VITREOUS 3076 01:52:38,648 --> 01:52:39,883 AND FLOAT THEIR WAY INTO THE 3077 01:52:39,883 --> 01:52:41,785 AQUEOUS AND IN THAT 50 MICRO 3078 01:52:41,785 --> 01:52:43,120 LITER SAMPLE, WE COULD MEASURE 3079 01:52:43,120 --> 01:52:43,420 THEM. 3080 01:52:43,420 --> 01:52:45,689 AND IF YOU'VE DONE 3081 01:52:45,689 --> 01:52:46,256 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND 3082 01:52:46,256 --> 01:52:47,023 PATHOLOGY, YOU KNOW WE'RE 3083 01:52:47,023 --> 01:52:48,391 TYPICALLY LOOKING AT ONE OR TWO 3084 01:52:48,391 --> 01:52:49,926 PROTEINS ON OUR CELLS, BUT THIS 3085 01:52:49,926 --> 01:52:52,763 IS REMARKABLE THAT WE CAN SEE 3086 01:52:52,763 --> 01:52:54,831 OVER 50 PROTEINS THAT TARGET OR 3087 01:52:54,831 --> 01:52:57,901 ARE TELLING US A SINK EL CELL IS 3088 01:52:57,901 --> 01:53:00,070 THERE, WHICH GIVES US GREAT 3089 01:53:00,070 --> 01:53:00,737 STATISTICAL POWER. 3090 01:53:00,737 --> 01:53:02,038 THE FIRST DISEASE WE LOOKED AT 3091 01:53:02,038 --> 01:53:03,440 WAS RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. 3092 01:53:03,440 --> 01:53:05,408 WE ALL KNOW THAT THIS IS A ROD 3093 01:53:05,408 --> 01:53:06,176 PHOTORECEPTOR DISEASE AND I'M 3094 01:53:06,176 --> 01:53:09,212 SHOWING SOME OF THE CLINICAL 3095 01:53:09,212 --> 01:53:10,981 TYPICAL IMAGES IN THE OCT IMAGE, 3096 01:53:10,981 --> 01:53:12,816 YOU CAN SEE THAT THIS IS A 3097 01:53:12,816 --> 01:53:14,417 PATIENT WHERE WE'VE LOST THOSE 3098 01:53:14,417 --> 01:53:15,952 ROD CELLS, BUT MUCH OF THE 3099 01:53:15,952 --> 01:53:17,053 OTHER -- REST OF THE RETINA 3100 01:53:17,053 --> 01:53:19,723 APPEARS INTACT. 3101 01:53:19,723 --> 01:53:21,024 AND SURE ENOUGH WHEN WE LOOK AT 3102 01:53:21,024 --> 01:53:22,526 THE PROTEIN, THE BIGGEST 3103 01:53:22,526 --> 01:53:24,728 FRACTIONAL DECREASE OF PROTEINS 3104 01:53:24,728 --> 01:53:26,062 WAS, IN FACT, IN THE ROD CELLS, 3105 01:53:26,062 --> 01:53:27,130 THE NEXT ONE WAS THE CONES AND 3106 01:53:27,130 --> 01:53:27,998 SO ON. 3107 01:53:27,998 --> 01:53:30,100 AND THEN YOU CAN SEE FOR 3108 01:53:30,100 --> 01:53:31,601 INDIVIDUAL CELLS, CAN YOU SEE 3109 01:53:31,601 --> 01:53:35,705 THOSE INDIVIDUAL PROTEINS AND 3110 01:53:35,705 --> 01:53:36,406 HOW THEY CHANGE IN PATIENTS. 3111 01:53:36,406 --> 01:53:38,074 SO THIS IS A MOLECULAR 3112 01:53:38,074 --> 01:53:41,611 FINGERPRINT OF THE CELLS IN AN 3113 01:53:41,611 --> 01:53:42,345 INDIVIDUAL PATIENT EYE AND 3114 01:53:42,345 --> 01:53:43,413 ACTUALLY SEEING WHICH OF THE 3115 01:53:43,413 --> 01:53:46,383 CELLS MARKERS ARE ACTUALLY 3116 01:53:46,383 --> 01:53:48,151 CHANGING AND GOING AWAY, AND WE 3117 01:53:48,151 --> 01:53:50,120 CAN DO THIS FOR MANY DIFFERENT 3118 01:53:50,120 --> 01:53:51,988 CELL TYPES USING THE VASCULAR 3119 01:53:51,988 --> 01:53:54,057 CELLS, THE RPE CELLS AND SO 3120 01:53:54,057 --> 01:53:54,591 FORTH. 3121 01:53:54,591 --> 01:53:56,760 THE NEXT THING WE LOOKED AT WAS 3122 01:53:56,760 --> 01:53:57,394 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. 3123 01:53:57,394 --> 01:54:00,797 WHICH COMES IN TWO STAGES. 3124 01:54:00,797 --> 01:54:02,232 AN EARLY STAGE WHERE WE'RE 3125 01:54:02,232 --> 01:54:03,500 SHOWING THE CLINICAL IMAGES HERE 3126 01:54:03,500 --> 01:54:05,502 WHERE YOU GET THESE LITTLE MICRO 3127 01:54:05,502 --> 01:54:06,770 ANEURYSMS IN THE BLOOD VESSELS 3128 01:54:06,770 --> 01:54:07,637 AND THEN A LATER STAGE THAT'S 3129 01:54:07,637 --> 01:54:09,406 MORE SEVERE, WE CALL IT THE 3130 01:54:09,406 --> 01:54:10,574 PROLIFERATIVE, BECAUSE THERE'S 3131 01:54:10,574 --> 01:54:12,542 ACTUALLY BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH AND 3132 01:54:12,542 --> 01:54:14,177 LEAKAGE FROM THOSE BLOOD 3133 01:54:14,177 --> 01:54:15,378 VESSELS. 3134 01:54:15,378 --> 01:54:17,781 WHEN WE APPLIED THE TEMPO METHOD 3135 01:54:17,781 --> 01:54:19,616 HERE TO THE PROTEINS IN OUR 3136 01:54:19,616 --> 01:54:21,418 DIABETIC PATIENTS, WE CERTAINLY 3137 01:54:21,418 --> 01:54:25,889 SAW A NUMBER OF LIVER PROTEINS, 3138 01:54:25,889 --> 01:54:26,590 PRESUMABLY BECAUSE THOSE BLOOD 3139 01:54:26,590 --> 01:54:27,991 VESSELS ARE NOW LEAKING AND 3140 01:54:27,991 --> 01:54:28,892 LIVER PROTEINS ARE GETTING INTO 3141 01:54:28,892 --> 01:54:31,728 THE EYE. 3142 01:54:31,728 --> 01:54:34,531 AND WE LOOKED AT SORT OF THE HOT 3143 01:54:34,531 --> 01:54:38,034 TOPIC IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY 3144 01:54:38,034 --> 01:54:39,669 WHICH ARE ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS, 3145 01:54:39,669 --> 01:54:43,740 WE GIVE OUR PATIENTS ANTI-VEGF 3146 01:54:43,740 --> 01:54:44,808 THERAPY TO CONTROL THE BLEEDING 3147 01:54:44,808 --> 01:54:45,442 AND EDEMA. 3148 01:54:45,442 --> 01:54:47,611 WE LOOKED AT 60 DIFFERENT 3149 01:54:47,611 --> 01:54:48,612 PROTEINS THAT ARE ANGIOGENIC 3150 01:54:48,612 --> 01:54:48,945 PROTEINS. 3151 01:54:48,945 --> 01:54:51,214 30 OF THEM ARE EXPRESSED IN THE 3152 01:54:51,214 --> 01:54:54,517 EARLY STAGE, AND ANOTHER 30 ARE 3153 01:54:54,517 --> 01:54:56,019 UNIQUELY EXPRESSED IN THE LATE 3154 01:54:56,019 --> 01:54:57,787 STAGE. 3155 01:54:57,787 --> 01:55:01,591 OF THOSE, SORT OF THE TOP 10 3156 01:55:01,591 --> 01:55:02,425 ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS WE SAW IN 3157 01:55:02,425 --> 01:55:04,294 THE EARLIER STAGE, WE FIND SOME 3158 01:55:04,294 --> 01:55:08,698 OF THE TYPICAL PLAYERS LIKE 3159 01:55:08,698 --> 01:55:10,667 VEG-F, BUT WHAT WE CAN DO WITH 3160 01:55:10,667 --> 01:55:12,202 TEMPO IS WE CAN SEE WHICH ARE 3161 01:55:12,202 --> 01:55:15,372 THE MAIN ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS WE 3162 01:55:15,372 --> 01:55:16,573 SEE DRIVING DISEASE AND WHICH 3163 01:55:16,573 --> 01:55:17,741 CELLS ARE THEY COMING FROM. 3164 01:55:17,741 --> 01:55:18,942 NOT SURPRISINGLY IN THE EARLY 3165 01:55:18,942 --> 01:55:20,543 STAGE, WE SEE THE ENDOTHELIAL 3166 01:55:20,543 --> 01:55:22,979 CELLS ARE THE BIG CONTRIBUTORS. 3167 01:55:22,979 --> 01:55:25,815 BUT IN THE LATE STAGES, ONE OF 3168 01:55:25,815 --> 01:55:27,918 THE SURPRISES WAS THAT SOME OF 3169 01:55:27,918 --> 01:55:29,419 THE MAIN PROTEINS ARE ACTUALLY 3170 01:55:29,419 --> 01:55:33,657 COMING FROM MACROPHAGES. 3171 01:55:33,657 --> 01:55:35,191 MACROPHAGES GENERATING 3172 01:55:35,191 --> 01:55:36,159 ANGIOGENIC SIGNALS. 3173 01:55:36,159 --> 01:55:37,794 IF YOU LOOK DEEP, DEEP INTO THE 3174 01:55:37,794 --> 01:55:39,229 PUBMED LITERATURE DATABASE, EULG 3175 01:55:39,229 --> 01:55:41,164 FIND A FEW PAPERS TALKING ABOUT 3176 01:55:41,164 --> 01:55:44,701 MACROPHAGES ENTERING THE 3177 01:55:44,701 --> 01:55:46,469 DIABETIC EYE, BUT HERE WE HAVE 3178 01:55:46,469 --> 01:55:50,607 OAFD IN OUR LIVING PATIENTS 3179 01:55:50,607 --> 01:55:52,108 THAT, IN FACT, MACROPHAGES ARE 3180 01:55:52,108 --> 01:55:53,076 MAKING A SIGNIFICANT 3181 01:55:53,076 --> 01:55:54,644 CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANGIOGENIC 3182 01:55:54,644 --> 01:55:56,880 DRIVE IN PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC 3183 01:55:56,880 --> 01:55:59,449 RETINOPATHY. 3184 01:55:59,449 --> 01:56:01,084 NOW, WE HAVE ALL SORTS OF 3185 01:56:01,084 --> 01:56:03,954 PATIENTS THAT COME FOR CATARACT 3186 01:56:03,954 --> 01:56:06,756 SURGERY, AND WE CONSIDERED OUR 3187 01:56:06,756 --> 01:56:07,857 PARKINSON'S PATIENTS. 3188 01:56:07,857 --> 01:56:09,426 AND SO AS OPHTHALMOLOGISTS, WE 3189 01:56:09,426 --> 01:56:11,127 ALL KNOW THAT THE BRAIN IS AN 3190 01:56:11,127 --> 01:56:12,762 EXTENSION OF THE EYE. 3191 01:56:12,762 --> 01:56:15,065 THEY BOTH HAVE NEURONAL CELLS, 3192 01:56:15,065 --> 01:56:16,800 AND THEY SHARE SIMILAR PROTEIN 3193 01:56:16,800 --> 01:56:18,001 EXPRESSION PATTERNS. 3194 01:56:18,001 --> 01:56:19,736 BUT IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE, IT'S 3195 01:56:19,736 --> 01:56:22,505 AN INCREDIBLE CHALLENGE TO 3196 01:56:22,505 --> 01:56:23,907 DIAGNOSE PATIENTS, AND FOR ANY 3197 01:56:23,907 --> 01:56:25,675 KIND OF CLINICAL TRIAL, TO KNOW 3198 01:56:25,675 --> 01:56:28,278 THAT YOUR DRUG IS REACHING ITS 3199 01:56:28,278 --> 01:56:33,016 PROTEIN TARGET AND AK PLESHING G 3200 01:56:33,016 --> 01:56:33,616 ITS TASK. 3201 01:56:33,616 --> 01:56:35,318 SO IN OUR PARKINSON'S PATIENT, 3202 01:56:35,318 --> 01:56:37,754 WE LOOKED AT JUST UNDER 20 3203 01:56:37,754 --> 01:56:40,724 DIFFERENT PROTEINS THAT OUR 3204 01:56:40,724 --> 01:56:43,626 PARKINSON'S COMMUNITY IS LOOKING 3205 01:56:43,626 --> 01:56:45,628 AT UNDER 20 PROTEINS THAT 3206 01:56:45,628 --> 01:56:46,463 THEY'RE PARTICULARLY INTERESTED, 3207 01:56:46,463 --> 01:56:47,864 AND WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT NINE 3208 01:56:47,864 --> 01:56:49,099 OF THE PROTEINS, SOME OF THE HOT 3209 01:56:49,099 --> 01:56:50,734 PROTEINS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE, 3210 01:56:50,734 --> 01:56:54,137 WE CAN ACTUALLY PICK UP IN THE 3211 01:56:54,137 --> 01:56:55,305 AQUEOUS AND THEY'RE 3212 01:56:55,305 --> 01:56:56,306 OVEREXPRESSED IN THE PARKINSON'S 3213 01:56:56,306 --> 01:56:56,940 PATIENTS. 3214 01:56:56,940 --> 01:56:59,342 WE CAN ALSO BEGIN AGAIN USING 3215 01:56:59,342 --> 01:57:01,111 TEMPO TO SEE WHERE ARE THOSE 3216 01:57:01,111 --> 01:57:03,613 PROTEINS COMING FROM THAT ARE 3217 01:57:03,613 --> 01:57:06,583 HAVING A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE, AND 3218 01:57:06,583 --> 01:57:09,619 AGAIN, HERE THEY LAND ON THE 3219 01:57:09,619 --> 01:57:10,754 GANGLION CELLS, AND CERTAINLY 3220 01:57:10,754 --> 01:57:12,455 FROM THE IMAGING STUDIES IN 3221 01:57:12,455 --> 01:57:16,359 PARKINSON'S DISEASE, WE'VE SEEN 3222 01:57:16,359 --> 01:57:18,561 THINNING OF THE GANGLION CELLS 3223 01:57:18,561 --> 01:57:19,529 NERVE FIBER LAYER, SO IT 3224 01:57:19,529 --> 01:57:20,864 CORRELATES WITH OUR IMAGING 3225 01:57:20,864 --> 01:57:21,598 FINDINGS. 3226 01:57:21,598 --> 01:57:23,900 BUT MANY OF THE CONCEPTS THAT 3227 01:57:23,900 --> 01:57:25,869 MIKE HAD TALKED ABOUT EARLIER, 3228 01:57:25,869 --> 01:57:27,737 SEEING HOW DOES EYE HEALTH TELL 3229 01:57:27,737 --> 01:57:30,006 US ABOUT OTHER DISEASES, I THINK 3230 01:57:30,006 --> 01:57:32,509 WE CAN ACTUALLY GET INSIGHT, 3231 01:57:32,509 --> 01:57:34,144 MOLECULAR INSIGHT INTO VERY 3232 01:57:34,144 --> 01:57:39,516 SPECIFIC NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES. 3233 01:57:39,516 --> 01:57:43,353 THE NEXT THING THAT WE LOOKED AT 3234 01:57:43,353 --> 01:57:48,458 WAS -- USING AI MODELS TO 3235 01:57:48,458 --> 01:57:48,792 PREDICT AGING. 3236 01:57:48,792 --> 01:57:50,560 AND SO AGING IS A REALLY HOT 3237 01:57:50,560 --> 01:57:54,364 TOPIC RIGHT NOW, AND SO WE'VE 3238 01:57:54,364 --> 01:57:55,899 LEARNED THAT OUR CHRONOLOGICAL 3239 01:57:55,899 --> 01:57:57,200 AGE CAN BE DIFFERENT THAN OUR 3240 01:57:57,200 --> 01:57:57,967 BIOLOGICAL AGE. 3241 01:57:57,967 --> 01:57:59,936 I KNOW MY BIOLOGICAL AGE IS MUCH 3242 01:57:59,936 --> 01:58:02,338 HIGHER THAN MICRON LOGICAL AGE 3243 01:58:02,338 --> 01:58:03,773 BECAUSE I DON'T EAT A LOT OF 3244 01:58:03,773 --> 01:58:05,608 SALAD, I DON'T SLEEP WELL, AND I 3245 01:58:05,608 --> 01:58:08,978 DON'T LIKE TO EXERCISE. 3246 01:58:08,978 --> 01:58:11,081 SO I HAVE NOT HAD MY BLOOD DRAWN 3247 01:58:11,081 --> 01:58:13,049 TO HAVE THE DNA METHYLATION 3248 01:58:13,049 --> 01:58:16,519 PATTERNS MEASURED BECAUSE I'M 3249 01:58:16,519 --> 01:58:21,858 SURE I'M PROBABLY LIKE 70 OR 80. 3250 01:58:21,858 --> 01:58:24,928 BUT WE ALL KNOW OUR PATIENTS AND 3251 01:58:24,928 --> 01:58:26,629 PEOPLE THAT SEEM REALLY HEALTHY 3252 01:58:26,629 --> 01:58:27,864 BUT IT'S ONLY THEIR EYES THAT 3253 01:58:27,864 --> 01:58:29,599 AREN'T FUNCTIONING WELL OR THEIR 3254 01:58:29,599 --> 01:58:31,367 BRAINS AREN'T FUNCTIONING WELL 3255 01:58:31,367 --> 01:58:32,969 OR THEY'RE MENTALLY VERY SHARP 3256 01:58:32,969 --> 01:58:34,504 BUT PHYSICALLY THEY CAN'T MOVE. 3257 01:58:34,504 --> 01:58:36,139 SO IT WOULD SEEM THAT DIFFERENT 3258 01:58:36,139 --> 01:58:38,174 ORGANS AGE AT DIFFERENT RATES. 3259 01:58:38,174 --> 01:58:39,943 AND IN THE EYE, WE CAN'T PLUCK 3260 01:58:39,943 --> 01:58:41,611 OUT THE TISSUE, BIOPSY THE 3261 01:58:41,611 --> 01:58:43,446 TISSUE AND LOOK AT DNA 3262 01:58:43,446 --> 01:58:44,914 METHYLATION PATTERNS, BUT WITH 3263 01:58:44,914 --> 01:58:46,749 ALL OF OUR PROTEOMIC DATA, WE 3264 01:58:46,749 --> 01:58:48,151 WANTED TO KNOW, COULD WE 3265 01:58:48,151 --> 01:58:51,321 ACTUALLY GENERATE A CLOCK? 3266 01:58:51,321 --> 01:58:54,924 SO AGAIN, WE TOOK OUR AQUEOUS 3267 01:58:54,924 --> 01:58:57,327 BIOPSIES, OUR PROTEOMICS, USED 3268 01:58:57,327 --> 01:58:58,795 VARIOUS MACHINE LEARNING 3269 01:58:58,795 --> 01:59:00,029 ALGORITHMS AND DEVELOPED A 3270 01:59:00,029 --> 01:59:01,030 PROTEOMIC CLOCK AND I'LL SHOW A 3271 01:59:01,030 --> 01:59:02,665 LITTLE BIT OF DATA, AND THEN 3272 01:59:02,665 --> 01:59:05,068 WITH TEMPO, WE COULD ACTUALLY GO 3273 01:59:05,068 --> 01:59:07,804 A STEP FURTHER AND LOOK AT CELL 3274 01:59:07,804 --> 01:59:11,174 LEVEL AGING AND CELL LEVEL 3275 01:59:11,174 --> 01:59:11,841 CLOCKS. 3276 01:59:11,841 --> 01:59:14,010 SO HERE IN PANEL A, WE TOOK 46 3277 01:59:14,010 --> 01:59:15,011 PATIENTS THAT ARE OTHERWISE 3278 01:59:15,011 --> 01:59:16,212 HEALTHY EXCEPT FOR THEIR 3279 01:59:16,212 --> 01:59:17,080 CATARACTS. 3280 01:59:17,080 --> 01:59:20,783 AND IN THE GREEN LINE HERE, WE 3281 01:59:20,783 --> 01:59:21,885 CAN SEE A NUMBER OF PROTEINS 3282 01:59:21,885 --> 01:59:24,320 THAT SEEM TO CORRELATE WITH AGE. 3283 01:59:24,320 --> 01:59:27,457 WE HAVE A 19-PATIENT VALIDATION 3284 01:59:27,457 --> 01:59:30,627 COHORT, AND WE FOUND IF WE 3285 01:59:30,627 --> 01:59:31,728 MEASURED 21 PROTEINS, THE 3286 01:59:31,728 --> 01:59:33,029 EXPRESSION LEVEL OF THOSE 3287 01:59:33,029 --> 01:59:36,299 21 PROTEINS IN YOUR A AQUEOUS, 3288 01:59:36,299 --> 01:59:38,268 WE'RE PRETTY GOOD AT PREDICTING 3289 01:59:38,268 --> 01:59:38,601 YOUR BIRTHDAY. 3290 01:59:38,601 --> 01:59:39,669 THEN WHAT WE DID WHICH I THINK 3291 01:59:39,669 --> 01:59:40,670 IS REALLY INTERESTING HERE IN 3292 01:59:40,670 --> 01:59:42,071 PANEL C IS WE TOOK OUR PATIENTS 3293 01:59:42,071 --> 01:59:43,840 WITH A VARIETY OF EYE DISEASES, 3294 01:59:43,840 --> 01:59:46,242 INCLUDING DIABETES, RETINITIS 3295 01:59:46,242 --> 01:59:47,644 PIGMENTOSA AND UVEITIS, YOU CAN 3296 01:59:47,644 --> 01:59:50,180 SEE ALL THESE COLORED DOTS ARE 3297 01:59:50,180 --> 01:59:52,682 MUCH HIGHER AND OFF THE SCALE OF 3298 01:59:52,682 --> 01:59:55,084 THE GREEN LINE, SO WHAT WE 3299 01:59:55,084 --> 01:59:56,786 FOUND, FLSKT, IS THAT SOME OF 3300 01:59:56,786 --> 01:59:58,955 OUR PATIENTS WITH PROLIFERATIVE 3301 01:59:58,955 --> 02:00:00,523 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, EVEN 3302 02:00:00,523 --> 02:00:01,391 THOUGH THEY WERE 50 YEARS OF 3303 02:00:01,391 --> 02:00:03,059 AGE, THEY HAD AN EYE THAT WAS 3304 02:00:03,059 --> 02:00:05,562 MEASURING LIKE IT WAS 80 YEARS 3305 02:00:05,562 --> 02:00:06,996 OLD. 3306 02:00:06,996 --> 02:00:09,399 PATIENTS WITH RETINITIS 3307 02:00:09,399 --> 02:00:10,366 PIGMENTOSA AND PATIENTS WITH 3308 02:00:10,366 --> 02:00:11,968 UVEITIS ALSO SHOWING EVIDENCE 3309 02:00:11,968 --> 02:00:13,770 THAT THE BIOLOGICAL AGE WAS 3310 02:00:13,770 --> 02:00:14,737 HIGHER THAN THE THEIR 3311 02:00:14,737 --> 02:00:15,205 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. 3312 02:00:15,205 --> 02:00:19,142 AND THIS IS GRAPHED OVER HERE. 3313 02:00:19,142 --> 02:00:21,010 NOW, IN THE BLOOD AGING THAT WE 3314 02:00:21,010 --> 02:00:23,179 DO, YOU'RE TOLD IF YOU EAT THE 3315 02:00:23,179 --> 02:00:24,280 SALAD AND GO RUNNING AND STUFF, 3316 02:00:24,280 --> 02:00:26,549 THAT YOU CAN REVERSE YOUR 3317 02:00:26,549 --> 02:00:28,518 BIOLOGICAL AGE. 3318 02:00:28,518 --> 02:00:30,486 IN THESE PATIENTS HERE, IN OUR 3319 02:00:30,486 --> 02:00:31,221 DIABETICS, WE HAVE CONTROLLED 3320 02:00:31,221 --> 02:00:32,422 THEIR BLEEDING, WE HAVE 3321 02:00:32,422 --> 02:00:35,091 CONTROLLED THEIR SWELLING, IN 3322 02:00:35,091 --> 02:00:36,392 OUR UVEITIS PATIENTS WE HAVE 3323 02:00:36,392 --> 02:00:37,393 CONTROLLED THEIR INFLAMMATION, 3324 02:00:37,393 --> 02:00:38,795 SO CLINICALLY WE THOUGHT THEY 3325 02:00:38,795 --> 02:00:40,763 WERE STABLE, BUT THEY STILL 3326 02:00:40,763 --> 02:00:42,732 SHOWED EVIDENCE OF ADVANCED 3327 02:00:42,732 --> 02:00:43,933 AGING IN THE ORGAN. 3328 02:00:43,933 --> 02:00:46,002 AND I THINK WHAT THIS TELLS US, 3329 02:00:46,002 --> 02:00:48,638 THAT IN THE EYE, THERE MAY BE AN 3330 02:00:48,638 --> 02:00:50,440 OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF 3331 02:00:50,440 --> 02:00:52,809 THE DIFFERENT ANTI-AGING 3332 02:00:52,809 --> 02:00:53,776 THERAPIES THAT ARE BEING 3333 02:00:53,776 --> 02:00:54,644 DEVELOPED BECAUSE THIS LOOKS 3334 02:00:54,644 --> 02:00:56,846 LIKE IT'S A SEPARATE PATHWAY 3335 02:00:56,846 --> 02:00:58,581 THAN THE TYPICAL DISEASE PATHWAY 3336 02:00:58,581 --> 02:01:00,483 THAT WE THINK ABOUT WHEN WE 3337 02:01:00,483 --> 02:01:02,752 THINK ABOUT DIABETES, RP AND 3338 02:01:02,752 --> 02:01:03,219 UVEITIS. 3339 02:01:03,219 --> 02:01:06,256 AND IT MAY BE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 3340 02:01:06,256 --> 02:01:10,860 US TO CONTINUE TREATING OUR 3341 02:01:10,860 --> 02:01:11,561 PATIENTS THERE. 3342 02:01:11,561 --> 02:01:13,963 WITH TEMPO, WHERE WE COULD NOW 3343 02:01:13,963 --> 02:01:15,698 ASSIGN SPECIFIC PROTEINS TO 3344 02:01:15,698 --> 02:01:16,899 SPECIFIC CELLS, WE COULD KIND OF 3345 02:01:16,899 --> 02:01:20,370 SEE WHERE THESE 21 MOLECULES 3346 02:01:20,370 --> 02:01:24,007 WERE COMING FROM, AND WHICH 3347 02:01:24,007 --> 02:01:25,275 CELLS SEEMED TO BE DRIVING IT. 3348 02:01:25,275 --> 02:01:26,542 IN THIS PANEL, IT LOOKS LIKE 3349 02:01:26,542 --> 02:01:29,512 LOTS OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND 3350 02:01:29,512 --> 02:01:30,713 ACROSS BIOLOGICAL AGING, YOU'LL 3351 02:01:30,713 --> 02:01:32,148 FIND THAT BLOOD VESSELS ARE ONE 3352 02:01:32,148 --> 02:01:36,719 OF THE KEY CELLS IN AGING. 3353 02:01:36,719 --> 02:01:42,825 BUT WE ALSO PICKED UP 3354 02:01:42,825 --> 02:01:44,560 HIALOCYTES, THIS MYSTERIOUS 3355 02:01:44,560 --> 02:01:45,762 IMMUNE CELL THAT'S IN OUR 3356 02:01:45,762 --> 02:01:47,096 VITREOUS, AND WE ALSO PICKED UP 3357 02:01:47,096 --> 02:01:49,165 PROTEINS COMING FROM HEPATOCYTES 3358 02:01:49,165 --> 02:01:52,769 AND SO SYSTEMIC PROTEINS COMING 3359 02:01:52,769 --> 02:01:56,039 REALLY FROM ANOTHER ORGAN 3360 02:01:56,039 --> 02:01:56,773 CONTRIBUTING -- THAT MAKE THEIR 3361 02:01:56,773 --> 02:01:57,874 WAY INTO THE EYE AT LEAST 3362 02:01:57,874 --> 02:01:58,741 CONTRIBUTING TO THIS AGING 3363 02:01:58,741 --> 02:01:59,208 PANEL. 3364 02:01:59,208 --> 02:02:00,610 IN MODELS THAT LOOKED AT 3365 02:02:00,610 --> 02:02:02,145 VASCULAR CELL AGING, IMMUNE CELL 3366 02:02:02,145 --> 02:02:04,113 AGING AND NOW RETINAL CELL 3367 02:02:04,113 --> 02:02:05,381 AGING, WE COULD SEE WHICH CELL 3368 02:02:05,381 --> 02:02:07,083 TYPES WERE CONTRIBUTING THE 3369 02:02:07,083 --> 02:02:07,383 MOST. 3370 02:02:07,383 --> 02:02:10,019 IN THE CASE OF IMMUNE AGING, IT 3371 02:02:10,019 --> 02:02:15,692 WAS THE B CELLS AND THE HYALO 3372 02:02:15,692 --> 02:02:20,863 DIDHYALOCYTES. 3373 02:02:20,863 --> 02:02:21,831 INTERESTINGLY FOR RETINAL CELL 3374 02:02:21,831 --> 02:02:23,132 AGING MODELS IT WAS THE BIPOLAR 3375 02:02:23,132 --> 02:02:24,133 CELLS AND ROD CELLS. 3376 02:02:24,133 --> 02:02:25,101 SO I THINK THERE'S A LOT OF 3377 02:02:25,101 --> 02:02:26,769 OPPORTUNITY TO PLAY WITH 3378 02:02:26,769 --> 02:02:27,503 PROTEOMICS, AGING CLOCKS IN 3379 02:02:27,503 --> 02:02:29,038 SPECIFIC DISEASES AND REALLY 3380 02:02:29,038 --> 02:02:30,573 UNDERSTAND THE SPECIFIC CELLS, 3381 02:02:30,573 --> 02:02:34,610 AND WH WHEN I WAS HERE AT THE NA 3382 02:02:34,610 --> 02:02:36,045 FEW WEEKS AGO, WAS TALKING ABOUT 3383 02:02:36,045 --> 02:02:36,579 TEMPO FOR CANCER. 3384 02:02:36,579 --> 02:02:41,284 SO I'M GOING TO SWITCH DISEASES 3385 02:02:41,284 --> 02:02:42,752 NOW AND TALK ABOUT SOMETHING 3386 02:02:42,752 --> 02:02:44,220 THAT REALLY LOOKS AT EYE CANCER 3387 02:02:44,220 --> 02:02:45,855 BUT I BELIEVE WILL HAVE AN 3388 02:02:45,855 --> 02:02:47,190 IMPACT ON LOOKING AT CANCERS IN 3389 02:02:47,190 --> 02:02:52,128 OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY. 3390 02:02:52,128 --> 02:02:52,795 AND I'LL JUST SPEND A FEW 3391 02:02:52,795 --> 02:02:53,963 MINUTES ON THIS. 3392 02:02:53,963 --> 02:02:58,468 SO UVEAL MELANOMA IS OUR MOST 3393 02:02:58,468 --> 02:03:00,636 COMMON INTRAOCULAR TUMOR THAT WE 3394 02:03:00,636 --> 02:03:00,870 KNOW. 3395 02:03:00,870 --> 02:03:02,739 SOME AMAZING WORK HAS NOW 3396 02:03:02,739 --> 02:03:03,773 ALLOWED OUR PATIENTS, AT LEAST 3397 02:03:03,773 --> 02:03:08,778 IN THE U.S., WHERE WE DO A FINE 3398 02:03:08,778 --> 02:03:12,482 NEEDLE BIOPSY AND THEY GET 3399 02:03:12,482 --> 02:03:13,516 GENOTYPED FOR DIFFERENT CANCER 3400 02:03:13,516 --> 02:03:14,417 DRIVER MUTATIONS. 3401 02:03:14,417 --> 02:03:15,718 BUT THE CHALLENGE IS, THERE'S A 3402 02:03:15,718 --> 02:03:21,524 LOT OF TUMOR HETEROGENEITY. 3403 02:03:21,524 --> 02:03:22,725 THAT GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IS 3404 02:03:22,725 --> 02:03:23,726 RIGHT MOST OF THE TIME BUT NOT 3405 02:03:23,726 --> 02:03:25,661 IN EVERY SINGLE PATIENT. 3406 02:03:25,661 --> 02:03:26,896 AFTER WE IRRADIATE THE TUMOR, 3407 02:03:26,896 --> 02:03:28,865 YOU CAN'T CONTINUALLY FOLLOW THE 3408 02:03:28,865 --> 02:03:30,066 PATIENT, AND THEN SOMETIMES WE 3409 02:03:30,066 --> 02:03:31,267 SEE SOMETHING THAT'S PIGMENTED 3410 02:03:31,267 --> 02:03:32,368 BUT WE DON'T KNOW IF IT'S A 3411 02:03:32,368 --> 02:03:35,972 CANCER OR NOT. 3412 02:03:35,972 --> 02:03:37,206 AND CERTAINLY CANCER IS 3413 02:03:37,206 --> 02:03:39,909 INTERESTED IN LIQUID BIOPSIES, 3414 02:03:39,909 --> 02:03:41,244 WHERE MOST OF THE EFFORT IS AT 3415 02:03:41,244 --> 02:03:43,513 GENE SEQUENCING, LOOKING FOR 3416 02:03:43,513 --> 02:03:47,817 RARE TUMOR DNA, BUT WE'RE USING 3417 02:03:47,817 --> 02:03:51,053 OUR AQUEOUS HUMOR LIQUID BIOPSY 3418 02:03:51,053 --> 02:03:52,321 AND PROTEOMICS TO LOOK AT THIS 3419 02:03:52,321 --> 02:03:53,156 CANCER AND I'LL SHOW SOME OF 3420 02:03:53,156 --> 02:03:54,023 THOSE IMAGES. 3421 02:03:54,023 --> 02:03:55,758 THIS HEAT MAP, WHEN IT CAME OUT, 3422 02:03:55,758 --> 02:03:59,028 WAS AMAZING TO ME. 3423 02:03:59,028 --> 02:04:01,130 AND AGAIN, WE'RE USING THE 3424 02:04:01,130 --> 02:04:02,865 PROTEOMICS, MATCHING TO SINGLE 3425 02:04:02,865 --> 02:04:06,369 CELL SEQUENCING MAPS OF UVEAL 3426 02:04:06,369 --> 02:04:07,036 MELANOMA, AND THESE BRIGHT LINES 3427 02:04:07,036 --> 02:04:09,439 THAT YOU'RE SEEING DOWN HERE ARE 3428 02:04:09,439 --> 02:04:13,676 HUNDREDS OF PROTEINSING THAT IN 3429 02:04:13,676 --> 02:04:14,577 THE CARTOON FORM IS A LITTLE 3430 02:04:14,577 --> 02:04:15,545 EASIER TO LOOK AT. 3431 02:04:15,545 --> 02:04:17,180 THERE WAS 160 PROTEINS THAT CAN 3432 02:04:17,180 --> 02:04:19,549 ONLY COME FROM A TUMOR CELL, 38 3433 02:04:19,549 --> 02:04:21,918 THAT ONLY COME FROM TUMOR 3434 02:04:21,918 --> 02:04:23,419 MACROPHAGES, NOT REGULAR 3435 02:04:23,419 --> 02:04:24,420 MACROPHAGES, AND 40 PROTEINS 3436 02:04:24,420 --> 02:04:26,622 THAT COME FROM TUMOR T CELLS. 3437 02:04:26,622 --> 02:04:28,691 AND SO WITH A LIQUID BIOPSY, 3438 02:04:28,691 --> 02:04:30,993 EVEN IF YOU'VE NEVER, EVER SEEN 3439 02:04:30,993 --> 02:04:32,562 THE PATIENT, YOU WOULD 3440 02:04:32,562 --> 02:04:33,830 IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZE THAT THERE 3441 02:04:33,830 --> 02:04:37,266 IS A TUMOR CELL IN THE EYE, AND 3442 02:04:37,266 --> 02:04:37,900 THOSE PROTEINS COULD NOT COME 3443 02:04:37,900 --> 02:04:43,039 FROM ANY OTHER CELL TYPE. 3444 02:04:43,039 --> 02:04:44,040 AND THE RESOLUTION IS SO STRONG, 3445 02:04:44,040 --> 02:04:47,543 WE CAN ACTUALLY SEE TUMOR 3446 02:04:47,543 --> 02:04:50,413 MACROPHAGES AND ACTUAL TUMOR T 3447 02:04:50,413 --> 02:04:51,481 CELLS IN THAT TISSUE WITHOUT 3448 02:04:51,481 --> 02:04:53,115 EVER HAVING TOUCHED THE TUMOR, 3449 02:04:53,115 --> 02:04:54,550 WITHOUT EVER HAVING TAKEN A 3450 02:04:54,550 --> 02:04:55,952 TISSUE BIOPSY AND PUTTING IT ON 3451 02:04:55,952 --> 02:04:57,353 A SLIDE FOR A PATHOLOGIST. 3452 02:04:57,353 --> 02:05:00,423 WE LOOKED AT OUR WHOLE 3453 02:05:00,423 --> 02:05:01,190 PROTEOMICS TO SEE IF THAT WOULD 3454 02:05:01,190 --> 02:05:03,159 HELP US CLASSIFY THE TUMORS, AND 3455 02:05:03,159 --> 02:05:04,594 JUST LIKE GENE EXPRESSION 3456 02:05:04,594 --> 02:05:07,630 PROFILING, WE FOUND THREE GROUPS 3457 02:05:07,630 --> 02:05:09,932 THAT WE CALL PROTEIN EXPRESSION 3458 02:05:09,932 --> 02:05:10,933 PROFILING OR PEP. 3459 02:05:10,933 --> 02:05:12,668 THESE THREE CATEGORIES HERE THAT 3460 02:05:12,668 --> 02:05:14,337 WE COULD DIVIDE THEM, AND IF YOU 3461 02:05:14,337 --> 02:05:16,506 WERE IN THIS PEP 3 GROUP WITH A 3462 02:05:16,506 --> 02:05:19,141 VERY SPECIFIC PROTEIN EXPRESSION 3463 02:05:19,141 --> 02:05:22,311 PROFILE, THAT WAS PREDICTIVE OF 3464 02:05:22,311 --> 02:05:25,147 SHORTER SURVIVAL TIME. 3465 02:05:25,147 --> 02:05:27,783 THIS PEP 3 GROUP WAS MOSTLY 3466 02:05:27,783 --> 02:05:30,119 INDICATIVE OF LARGE TUMORS, AND 3467 02:05:30,119 --> 02:05:32,622 MOST OF THE TIME CORRELATED WITH 3468 02:05:32,622 --> 02:05:34,023 THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING 3469 02:05:34,023 --> 02:05:35,992 PATTERN AND THE SIZE OF THE 3470 02:05:35,992 --> 02:05:38,427 TUMOR AND OTHER MARKERS, BUT IT 3471 02:05:38,427 --> 02:05:39,295 WAS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT. 3472 02:05:39,295 --> 02:05:42,265 WE THINK THIS IS A POTENTIAL 3473 02:05:42,265 --> 02:05:43,799 ADD-ON HOLISTIC VIEW OF THE 3474 02:05:43,799 --> 02:05:45,535 TUMOR THAT WOULD HELP CLINICIANS 3475 02:05:45,535 --> 02:05:46,402 CLASSIFY THE TUMOR. 3476 02:05:46,402 --> 02:05:47,703 BUT NOW WE HAVE LOTS OF 3477 02:05:47,703 --> 02:05:50,907 MOLECULAR DATA THAT GOES BEYOND 3478 02:05:50,907 --> 02:05:54,510 SINGLE DRIVER M MUTATIONS, AND E 3479 02:05:54,510 --> 02:05:55,912 BEGAN LOOKING AT A DIAGNOSTIC 3480 02:05:55,912 --> 02:05:57,680 PANEL, AND SO ON THE LEFT HERE, 3481 02:05:57,680 --> 02:05:59,982 WE SHOW A NEVUS JUST LIKE ON 3482 02:05:59,982 --> 02:06:03,286 YOUR SKIN, YOU HAVE A NEVI, IT'S 3483 02:06:03,286 --> 02:06:04,387 BENIGN, CAN YOU DISTINGUISH THAT 3484 02:06:04,387 --> 02:06:05,354 FROM A TUMOR? 3485 02:06:05,354 --> 02:06:08,090 SO IN THE GRAPH, WE DEVELOPED A 3486 02:06:08,090 --> 02:06:10,059 DIAGNOSTIC PANEL AND THIS IS A 3487 02:06:10,059 --> 02:06:11,027 NORMAL EYE. 3488 02:06:11,027 --> 02:06:12,795 OUR NEVUS HERE IN THE GREEN IS 3489 02:06:12,795 --> 02:06:14,430 VERY CLOSE TO THE NORMAL, AND 3490 02:06:14,430 --> 02:06:17,133 THEN OUR UVEAL MELANOMA EYES ARE 3491 02:06:17,133 --> 02:06:18,501 WAY OVER HERE IN TERMS OF THE 3492 02:06:18,501 --> 02:06:19,602 DIAGNOSTIC PANEL. 3493 02:06:19,602 --> 02:06:20,570 AND INTERESTINGLY, WHAT WE'RE 3494 02:06:20,570 --> 02:06:22,772 SHOWING HERE IN THE MIDDLE IS A 3495 02:06:22,772 --> 02:06:25,441 BIG PIGMENTED LESION INSIDE THE 3496 02:06:25,441 --> 02:06:28,010 EYE THAT THE PATIENT EE LEKKED O 3497 02:06:28,010 --> 02:06:29,979 HAVE THEIR EYE REMOVED. 3498 02:06:29,979 --> 02:06:31,414 IT TURNED OUT TO BE A BENIGN 3499 02:06:31,414 --> 02:06:33,382 LESION, IT WASN'T A CANCER, AND 3500 02:06:33,382 --> 02:06:36,452 IN AT LEAST TWO OF THOSE CASES, 3501 02:06:36,452 --> 02:06:37,553 OUR DIAGNOSTIC PANEL FROM 3502 02:06:37,553 --> 02:06:39,855 AQUEOUS, JUST AQUEOUS, COULD 3503 02:06:39,855 --> 02:06:41,424 DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE BENIGN 3504 02:06:41,424 --> 02:06:43,192 AND BETWEEN A MALIGNANT 3505 02:06:43,192 --> 02:06:43,826 MELANOMA. 3506 02:06:43,826 --> 02:06:46,462 SO WE THINK IN SOME OF THESE 3507 02:06:46,462 --> 02:06:48,464 INTERMEDIATE LESIONS, AN AQUEOUS 3508 02:06:48,464 --> 02:06:50,266 BIOPSY WITH A PROTEIN PROFILING 3509 02:06:50,266 --> 02:06:51,400 COULD BE VERY VALUABLE. 3510 02:06:51,400 --> 02:06:52,501 AND THERE'S THE POTENTIAL, 3511 02:06:52,501 --> 02:06:56,439 AGAIN, TO FOLLOW SOME OF THESELY 3512 02:06:56,439 --> 02:06:57,340 LESIONS, WHERE SOMETHING COMES 3513 02:06:57,340 --> 02:07:00,109 IN, THE PHYSICIAN IS NOT EXACTLY 3514 02:07:00,109 --> 02:07:02,378 CERTAIN, BUT IS WORRIED ABOUT AN 3515 02:07:02,378 --> 02:07:04,580 INTERMEDIATE LESION AND WOULD 3516 02:07:04,580 --> 02:07:07,516 LIKE TO FOLLOW THAT PATIENT. 3517 02:07:07,516 --> 02:07:08,651 THE OTHER INTERESTING THING IS 3518 02:07:08,651 --> 02:07:09,952 THAT BECAUSE OF THE DEPTH OF 3519 02:07:09,952 --> 02:07:13,456 MOLECULAR DATA, WE CAN SEE 3520 02:07:13,456 --> 02:07:14,523 ACTUAL IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS. 3521 02:07:14,523 --> 02:07:16,926 SO THERE'S A POPULAR IMMUNE 3522 02:07:16,926 --> 02:07:18,894 CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR PD-1, USED 3523 02:07:18,894 --> 02:07:20,529 IN UVEAL MELANOMA, IT DIDN'T 3524 02:07:20,529 --> 02:07:20,963 WORK. 3525 02:07:20,963 --> 02:07:22,598 WHEN WE ACTUALLY LOOK AT THE 3526 02:07:22,598 --> 02:07:26,669 PROTEIN PROFILING, WE DON'T SEE 3527 02:07:26,669 --> 02:07:28,304 ANY PD-1 BUT WE SEE OTHER KINDS 3528 02:07:28,304 --> 02:07:31,273 OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS 3529 02:07:31,273 --> 02:07:36,178 AT SPECIFIC STAGES OF THE TUMOR, 3530 02:07:36,178 --> 02:07:37,346 SO ONE COULD MAKE A RATIONAL 3531 02:07:37,346 --> 02:07:38,481 DECISION ABOUT WHAT THERAPEUTIC 3532 02:07:38,481 --> 02:07:40,016 TO GIVE IN AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT 3533 02:07:40,016 --> 02:07:41,751 OR A RATIONAL DECISION ON WHICH 3534 02:07:41,751 --> 02:07:43,619 PATIENTS TO PUT IN A TRIAL FOR 3535 02:07:43,619 --> 02:07:47,123 THESE SPECIFIC IMMUNE CHECKPOINT 3536 02:07:47,123 --> 02:07:48,924 INHIBITORS. 3537 02:07:48,924 --> 02:07:49,558 JUST BRIEFLY HERE, THE OTHER 3538 02:07:49,558 --> 02:07:52,194 THING WE COULD DO WITH OUR 3539 02:07:52,194 --> 02:07:54,697 PROTEOMICS IS WE COULD ACTUALLY 3540 02:07:54,697 --> 02:07:58,200 DO PHOSPHOPROTEOMICS, LOOK FOR 3541 02:07:58,200 --> 02:07:59,201 PHOSPHORYLATED PEPTIDES AND 3542 02:07:59,201 --> 02:08:00,069 ACTUALLY PUT TOGETHER WHOLE 3543 02:08:00,069 --> 02:08:01,103 SIGNALING PATHWAYS. 3544 02:08:01,103 --> 02:08:03,039 THE TYPICAL THING YOU WOULD DO 3545 02:08:03,039 --> 02:08:04,473 IN A PEE TRE DISH IN A 3546 02:08:04,473 --> 02:08:06,475 LABORATORY, BUT NOW WE CAN DO 3547 02:08:06,475 --> 02:08:09,545 ACTUALLY IN OUR OWN PATIENTS. 3548 02:08:09,545 --> 02:08:11,180 WHEN I WAS A RESIDENT, WE WERE 3549 02:08:11,180 --> 02:08:13,049 TAKING EVERY SINGLE SKIN 3550 02:08:13,049 --> 02:08:15,551 MELANOMA DRUG, GIVING TO UVEAL 3551 02:08:15,551 --> 02:08:16,419 MELANOMA PATIENTS AND IT WOULD 3552 02:08:16,419 --> 02:08:20,523 ALWAYS FAIL. 3553 02:08:20,523 --> 02:08:22,391 THE ONLY THING SEEMINGLY THAT 3554 02:08:22,391 --> 02:08:24,794 SKIN AND UVEAL MELANOMA HAD IN 3555 02:08:24,794 --> 02:08:26,195 COMMON WAS THE WORD MELANOMA. 3556 02:08:26,195 --> 02:08:27,430 THEY WERE PIGMENTED. 3557 02:08:27,430 --> 02:08:29,165 WELL, WITH THESE PROTEIN 3558 02:08:29,165 --> 02:08:30,466 BIOMARKERS, WHAT WE DID IS WE 3559 02:08:30,466 --> 02:08:33,669 LOOKED AT A BANK OF CANCER 3560 02:08:33,669 --> 02:08:35,204 EXPRESSION PROFILING, AND WHAT 3561 02:08:35,204 --> 02:08:36,972 WE FIND IS THAT OUR UVEAL 3562 02:08:36,972 --> 02:08:38,340 MELANOMA IS ACTUALLY QUITE -- IS 3563 02:08:38,340 --> 02:08:45,281 A LOT CLOSER TO HEPATOCELLULAR 3564 02:08:45,281 --> 02:08:51,420 CANCER, BRAIN GLEE YOE GLIOMA. 3565 02:08:51,420 --> 02:08:52,922 WHEN ONCOLOGISTS ARE TRYING TO 3566 02:08:52,922 --> 02:08:54,123 CHOOSE OTHER DRUGS TO GIVE THEIR 3567 02:08:54,123 --> 02:08:55,357 PATIENTS, IT WOULD MAKE SENSE TO 3568 02:08:55,357 --> 02:09:00,596 CHOOSE FROM DRUGS THAT HAVE BEEN 3569 02:09:00,596 --> 02:09:02,698 APPROVED FOR HEPATOCELLULAR OR 3570 02:09:02,698 --> 02:09:03,265 PANCREATIC CANCER. 3571 02:09:03,265 --> 02:09:04,700 YOU CAN SEE THE HEAT MAP UP HERE 3572 02:09:04,700 --> 02:09:05,968 FOR THESE MARKERS. 3573 02:09:05,968 --> 02:09:07,536 THEN WAY, WAY AT THE BOTTOM WITH 3574 02:09:07,536 --> 02:09:09,105 THESE BLUE DOTS IS SKIN 3575 02:09:09,105 --> 02:09:09,438 MELANOMA. 3576 02:09:09,438 --> 02:09:10,840 IT LOOKS LIKE ONE OF THE 3577 02:09:10,840 --> 02:09:11,474 FURTHEST RELATED ANSWERS. 3578 02:09:11,474 --> 02:09:13,375 SO THIS KIND OF GAVE US THE 3579 02:09:13,375 --> 02:09:14,043 RATIONALE FOR THINKING ABOUT 3580 02:09:14,043 --> 02:09:15,711 WHAT ARE WE DOING IN CLINICAL 3581 02:09:15,711 --> 02:09:15,978 TRIALS? 3582 02:09:15,978 --> 02:09:18,514 AND UVEAL MELANOMA HAS AT LEAST 3583 02:09:18,514 --> 02:09:19,115 29 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT HAVE 3584 02:09:19,115 --> 02:09:19,548 FAILED. 3585 02:09:19,548 --> 02:09:21,050 SO WE LOOKED AT THEIR DRUG 3586 02:09:21,050 --> 02:09:22,685 TARGETS, THE DRUGS AND PROTEIN 3587 02:09:22,685 --> 02:09:23,652 TARGETS THEY WERE GOING AFTER, 3588 02:09:23,652 --> 02:09:25,554 THEN WE LOOKED AT OUR PATIENTS, 3589 02:09:25,554 --> 02:09:27,056 AND YOU CAN SEE HERE IN RED, 3590 02:09:27,056 --> 02:09:29,358 THESE ARE ALL THE TRIALS THAT 3591 02:09:29,358 --> 02:09:31,660 UNEQUIVOCALLY FAILED. 3592 02:09:31,660 --> 02:09:32,962 THERE ARE VERY FEW PATIENTS 3593 02:09:32,962 --> 02:09:34,296 ACTUALLY EXPRESSING THOSE DRUG 3594 02:09:34,296 --> 02:09:34,930 TARGETS. 3595 02:09:34,930 --> 02:09:35,931 WHY WOULD WE EVER GIVE A PATIENT 3596 02:09:35,931 --> 02:09:37,466 A DRUG WHEN THEY DON'T EVEN HAVE 3597 02:09:37,466 --> 02:09:39,769 THE DRUG TARGET? 3598 02:09:39,769 --> 02:09:41,137 AND IN SOME OF THE INSTANCES 3599 02:09:41,137 --> 02:09:42,071 WHERE IT LOOKS LIKE SOME OF THE 3600 02:09:42,071 --> 02:09:44,573 PATIENTS HAVE THE DRUG TARGETS, 3601 02:09:44,573 --> 02:09:46,008 EACH COLUMN HERE IS A PATIENT, 3602 02:09:46,008 --> 02:09:47,276 IT'S QUITE HETEROGENEOUS. 3603 02:09:47,276 --> 02:09:49,645 AND SO WHEN WE ENROLL UVEAL 3604 02:09:49,645 --> 02:09:51,714 MELANOMA PATIENTS, WE'RE NOT 3605 02:09:51,714 --> 02:09:52,915 REALLY LOOKING DO THEY HAVE A 3606 02:09:52,915 --> 02:09:56,085 SPECIFIC DRUG TARGET THAT WE'RE 3607 02:09:56,085 --> 02:09:57,419 TRYING TO TREAT THEM WITH, AND 3608 02:09:57,419 --> 02:09:59,255 WE'RE PROBABLY ENROLLING LOTS OF 3609 02:09:59,255 --> 02:10:01,457 PATIENTS OR A VERY MIXED 3610 02:10:01,457 --> 02:10:03,092 POPULATION BASED ONLY ON OUR 3611 02:10:03,092 --> 02:10:06,395 CLINICAL DEFINITION. 3612 02:10:06,395 --> 02:10:06,729 OF THOSE 3613 02:10:06,729 --> 02:10:07,296 PATIENTS. 3614 02:10:07,296 --> 02:10:08,597 SO WE TOOK THIS INFORMATION AND 3615 02:10:08,597 --> 02:10:14,170 THEN WE LOOKED AT THE NIH'S 169 3616 02:10:14,170 --> 02:10:19,008 APPROVED CANCER DRUGS, WE SEL 3617 02:10:19,008 --> 02:10:19,875 SELECTED 12 THAT HAVE NOT BEEN 3618 02:10:19,875 --> 02:10:21,744 USED IN UVEAL MELANOMA AND WE 3619 02:10:21,744 --> 02:10:23,045 LOOKED AT OUR PATIENTS TO SEE 3620 02:10:23,045 --> 02:10:25,147 WHETHER THOSE TARGETS WERE 3621 02:10:25,147 --> 02:10:25,915 EXPRESSED, AND YOU CAN SEE SOME 3622 02:10:25,915 --> 02:10:27,216 OF THESE PROTEIN TARGETS ARE 3623 02:10:27,216 --> 02:10:29,218 REALLY HIGH IN THE PEP 3624 02:10:29,218 --> 02:10:30,619 3 PATIENTS, WHEREAS SOME OF THEM 3625 02:10:30,619 --> 02:10:32,822 ARE QUITE LOW IN THE PEP 2 AND 3626 02:10:32,822 --> 02:10:33,589 PEP 1 PATIENTS. 3627 02:10:33,589 --> 02:10:35,925 NOW, WHAT'S REALLY COOL ABOUT 3628 02:10:35,925 --> 02:10:37,760 PROTEOMICS AT THIS DEPTH OF DATA 3629 02:10:37,760 --> 02:10:40,062 IS YOU DON'T JUST LOOK AT THE 3630 02:10:40,062 --> 02:10:40,429 PROTEIN TARGET. 3631 02:10:40,429 --> 02:10:41,730 YOU CAN LOOK AT THE ENTIRE 3632 02:10:41,730 --> 02:10:43,265 PROTEIN PATHWAY. 3633 02:10:43,265 --> 02:10:45,668 AND SO FOR THIS PI3 KINASE 3634 02:10:45,668 --> 02:10:48,304 PATHWAY, WE DON'T ONLY SEE THE 3635 02:10:48,304 --> 02:10:49,738 PI3 KINASE PROTEIN, BUT WE CAN 3636 02:10:49,738 --> 02:10:53,442 ACTUALLY SEE 109 OF THE 350 3637 02:10:53,442 --> 02:10:54,109 PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 3638 02:10:54,109 --> 02:10:54,577 PATHWAY. 3639 02:10:54,577 --> 02:10:57,713 GIVING YOU A LOT MORE CONFIDENCE 3640 02:10:57,713 --> 02:10:59,582 THAT THIS WOULD MAKE A 3641 02:10:59,582 --> 02:11:03,419 REASONABLE DRUG TARGET. 3642 02:11:03,419 --> 02:11:06,589 AND THE PROTEOSOME PATHWAY, WE 3643 02:11:06,589 --> 02:11:08,023 ONLY SEE A PATHWAY ACTIVATED IN 3644 02:11:08,023 --> 02:11:10,860 THE PEP 3 CATEGORY BUT NOT IN 3645 02:11:10,860 --> 02:11:11,193 THE OTHER TWO. 3646 02:11:11,193 --> 02:11:13,729 WHAT WE DID THEN WAS TAKE UVEAL 3647 02:11:13,729 --> 02:11:14,496 MELANOMA CELL LINES, WHICH IS 3648 02:11:14,496 --> 02:11:17,366 THE USUAL WAY PEOPLE TEST DRUGS. 3649 02:11:17,366 --> 02:11:23,038 THE WE PROTEOMICALLY PROFILE 3650 02:11:23,038 --> 02:11:25,507 THESE TWO CELL LINES, 3651 02:11:25,507 --> 02:11:26,809 RECATEGORIZE THEM IN PEP 3652 02:11:26,809 --> 02:11:28,110 1 THROUGH PEP 3 WHERE THE CELL 3653 02:11:28,110 --> 02:11:29,645 LINES ACTUALLY MATCH WHAT WE SEE 3654 02:11:29,645 --> 02:11:32,281 IN HUMANS AND THEN BEGAN TESTING 3655 02:11:32,281 --> 02:11:34,250 A BUNCH OF DRUGS THAT WE 3656 02:11:34,250 --> 02:11:35,217 PREDICTED MIGHT WORK BETTER IN 3657 02:11:35,217 --> 02:11:36,886 THE PEP 3 COMPARED TO THE PEP 3658 02:11:36,886 --> 02:11:38,053 1 AND OVERALL, THAT'S WHAT WE 3659 02:11:38,053 --> 02:11:38,220 SAW. 3660 02:11:38,220 --> 02:11:39,488 SO THIS IS A VERY RATIONAL 3661 02:11:39,488 --> 02:11:41,357 APPROACH TO CHOOSING DRUGS, 3662 02:11:41,357 --> 02:11:44,193 TESTING THEM IN CELLS WHERE THE 3663 02:11:44,193 --> 02:11:45,394 CELL PROFILING MATCHES WHAT WE 3664 02:11:45,394 --> 02:11:48,898 SEE IN HUMANS, AND THEN TAKING A 3665 02:11:48,898 --> 02:11:49,999 PRECISION HEALTH APPROACH TO 3666 02:11:49,999 --> 02:11:50,900 ACTUALLY DECIDING WHICH PATIENTS 3667 02:11:50,900 --> 02:11:52,735 THEY GO INTO. 3668 02:11:52,735 --> 02:11:54,503 SO I'D LIKE TO WRAP UP NOW. 3669 02:11:54,503 --> 02:11:56,705 I THINK TEMPO IS REALLY 3670 02:11:56,705 --> 02:11:58,007 INTERESTING, COMBINING 3671 02:11:58,007 --> 02:11:59,808 PROTEOMICS WITH SINGLE CELL 3672 02:11:59,808 --> 02:12:00,442 SEQUENCING DATA. 3673 02:12:00,442 --> 02:12:03,612 WE'RE LOOKING AT AMD, GLAUCOMA, 3674 02:12:03,612 --> 02:12:04,079 UVEITIS. 3675 02:12:04,079 --> 02:12:05,481 IF I KNEW THERE WERE SO MANY 3676 02:12:05,481 --> 02:12:06,282 CORNEA PEOPLE HERE TODAY, I 3677 02:12:06,282 --> 02:12:08,017 WOULD HAVE ALSO PUT THE CORNEA 3678 02:12:08,017 --> 02:12:09,118 LISTED THERE, SO I'VE GOT SOME 3679 02:12:09,118 --> 02:12:11,754 OF OUR CORNEA COLLEAGUES 3680 02:12:11,754 --> 02:12:12,855 INTERESTED. 3681 02:12:12,855 --> 02:12:13,889 AND THEN MY COLLEAGUES ARE 3682 02:12:13,889 --> 02:12:15,557 TRYING TO APPLY THIS OUTSIDE THE 3683 02:12:15,557 --> 02:12:17,126 EYE NOW. 3684 02:12:17,126 --> 02:12:18,327 PARTICULARLY LOOKING AT 3685 02:12:18,327 --> 02:12:20,396 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, LOOK 3686 02:12:20,396 --> 02:12:22,631 AT REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN AGING AND 3687 02:12:22,631 --> 02:12:23,399 MENOPAUSE, NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE 3688 02:12:23,399 --> 02:12:25,367 AND OTHER CANCERS. 3689 02:12:25,367 --> 02:12:28,337 AND I'M TRYING TO ENCOURAGE 3690 02:12:28,337 --> 02:12:29,872 INDUSTRY TO INCLUDE THIS IN 3691 02:12:29,872 --> 02:12:31,640 THEIR ENROLLMENT OF PATIENTS FOR 3692 02:12:31,640 --> 02:12:33,242 THE VARIETY OF MOLECULAR 3693 02:12:33,242 --> 02:12:34,576 THERAPEUTICS. 3694 02:12:34,576 --> 02:12:36,211 SO WE'D NEVER GIVE A GENE 3695 02:12:36,211 --> 02:12:37,413 THERAPY TO A PATIENT THAT DIDN'T 3696 02:12:37,413 --> 02:12:39,515 HAVE THE GENE MUTATION, WE NEVER 3697 02:12:39,515 --> 02:12:41,951 PUT THEM IN A TRIAL, BUT WE DO 3698 02:12:41,951 --> 02:12:43,452 GIVE LOTS OF MOLECULAR 3699 02:12:43,452 --> 02:12:46,422 THERAPEUTIC DRUGS TO PATIENTS 3700 02:12:46,422 --> 02:12:47,389 WHERE WE'VE NEVER EVEN LOOKED 3701 02:12:47,389 --> 02:12:49,258 WHERE THAT PATIENT HAS THE DRUG 3702 02:12:49,258 --> 02:12:49,725 TARGET. 3703 02:12:49,725 --> 02:12:50,693 I THINK THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY 3704 02:12:50,693 --> 02:12:52,995 FOR THE EYE INSTITUTE, THE NIH, 3705 02:12:52,995 --> 02:12:56,298 TO SUPPORT A MULTICENTER EYE 3706 02:12:56,298 --> 02:12:57,299 FLUID COLLECTION. 3707 02:12:57,299 --> 02:12:58,367 WHAT WE REALLY WANT TO DO IS 3708 02:12:58,367 --> 02:13:00,803 SCALE UP, LOOK AT OUR DIFFERENT 3709 02:13:00,803 --> 02:13:01,670 POPULATIONS, THE DIFFERENT 3710 02:13:01,670 --> 02:13:06,375 ETHNIC POPULATIONS, AND WHAT 3711 02:13:06,375 --> 02:13:08,777 WE'RE NEXT DOING WITH THIS IS 3712 02:13:08,777 --> 02:13:10,112 MULTIMODAL AI. 3713 02:13:10,112 --> 02:13:12,514 SO AI, MACHINE ALGORITHMS, 3714 02:13:12,514 --> 02:13:14,817 REALLY QUITE AMAZING, BUT WE'RE 3715 02:13:14,817 --> 02:13:16,352 NOW COMBINING PROTEOMICS WITH 3716 02:13:16,352 --> 02:13:20,189 THE IMAGING THAT WE HAVE IN AI 3717 02:13:20,189 --> 02:13:22,825 MODELS, AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN IS 3718 02:13:22,825 --> 02:13:24,893 THAT COMBINING DIFFERENT MODES 3719 02:13:24,893 --> 02:13:26,228 OF CLINICAL INFORMATION, EVEN 3720 02:13:26,228 --> 02:13:28,530 THE EHR, THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH 3721 02:13:28,530 --> 02:13:31,033 RECORD, WITH ACTUAL BIOLOGICAL 3722 02:13:31,033 --> 02:13:32,401 PROTEOMIC INFORMATION, CAN 3723 02:13:32,401 --> 02:13:34,703 REALLY STRENGTHEN THE PREDICTIVE 3724 02:13:34,703 --> 02:13:36,572 VALUE OF ALL OF THOSE MODES. 3725 02:13:36,572 --> 02:13:39,441 SO I'D LIKE TO THANK EVERYBODY, 3726 02:13:39,441 --> 02:13:41,577 AND THESE ARE ALL OUR PEOPLE IN 3727 02:13:41,577 --> 02:13:43,579 THE LAB, COLLABORATORS, 3728 02:13:43,579 --> 02:13:44,880 RESIDENTS, SURGEONS AND OTHER 3729 02:13:44,880 --> 02:13:46,015 FACULTY WHO'VE CONTRIBUTED. 3730 02:13:46,015 --> 02:13:55,491 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3731 02:13:55,491 --> 02:13:59,194 >> VINU, REALLY GREAT JOB. 3732 02:13:59,194 --> 02:14:00,529 WE'VE GOT A DISCUSSION AT THE 3733 02:14:00,529 --> 02:14:01,530 END AFTER BOTH OF YOU TALK, BUT 3734 02:14:01,530 --> 02:14:02,731 LET'S TAKE A FEW QUESTIONS RIGHT 3735 02:14:02,731 --> 02:14:06,101 NOW THAT ARE VINU-SPECIFIC. 3736 02:14:06,101 --> 02:14:07,669 SO REZA AND MARIA. 3737 02:14:07,669 --> 02:14:11,407 >> BEAUTIFUL TALK. 3738 02:14:11,407 --> 02:14:16,412 REZA DANA. 3739 02:14:16,412 --> 02:14:17,746 I JUST WANT TO COMMENT, IT'S 3740 02:14:17,746 --> 02:14:19,948 INTERESTING YOUR COMMENT ABOUT 3741 02:14:19,948 --> 02:14:20,449 MACROPHAGES IN DR. 3742 02:14:20,449 --> 02:14:21,150 >> YES. 3743 02:14:21,150 --> 02:14:24,219 >> WE'VE BEEN CONSISTENTLY FOR 3744 02:14:24,219 --> 02:14:25,754 DECADES SAYING MACROPHAGES ARE 3745 02:14:25,754 --> 02:14:28,190 THE CHIEF SOURCE OF PRO 3746 02:14:28,190 --> 02:14:31,126 ANGIOGENIC MOLECULES AND THE 3747 02:14:31,126 --> 02:14:32,127 DISORDERS THAT YOU'VE BEEN 3748 02:14:32,127 --> 02:14:32,561 LOOKING AT. 3749 02:14:32,561 --> 02:14:34,363 BUT AGAIN, OUR FIELD IS SMALLER, 3750 02:14:34,363 --> 02:14:36,298 AND PERHAPS IT DOESN'T GET THE 3751 02:14:36,298 --> 02:14:39,802 ATTENTION THAT IT DESERVES. 3752 02:14:39,802 --> 02:14:43,872 BUT THERE'S A PAPER IN JCI WE 3753 02:14:43,872 --> 02:14:46,241 WROTE LITERALLY IN 2004, I'LL 3754 02:14:46,241 --> 02:14:47,009 SHARE THAT WITH YOU. 3755 02:14:47,009 --> 02:14:48,744 IT REALLY CAPTURES WHAT THE 3756 02:14:48,744 --> 02:14:50,245 MACROPHAGE DOES IN REGARD TO 3757 02:14:50,245 --> 02:14:52,047 BOTH EXPRESSION OF LIGANDS AND 3758 02:14:52,047 --> 02:14:53,148 RECEPTORS TO DRIVE THAT PROCESS. 3759 02:14:53,148 --> 02:14:53,882 THANK YOU. 3760 02:14:53,882 --> 02:14:55,317 >> GREAT. 3761 02:14:55,317 --> 02:14:57,319 GREAT. 3762 02:14:57,319 --> 02:14:57,953 >> GREAT TALK. 3763 02:14:57,953 --> 02:14:58,487 THANK YOU. 3764 02:14:58,487 --> 02:14:59,755 I HAVE A QUESTION. 3765 02:14:59,755 --> 02:15:01,090 YOU SAID THAT IN THE PATIENTS 3766 02:15:01,090 --> 02:15:03,258 THAT YOU TREATED THEIR OCULAR 3767 02:15:03,258 --> 02:15:05,561 DISEASE AND YOU SAW A 3768 02:15:05,561 --> 02:15:07,096 IMPROVEMENT FROM AN OCULAR 3769 02:15:07,096 --> 02:15:08,997 PERSPECTIVE BUT YET YOU DIDN'T 3770 02:15:08,997 --> 02:15:10,833 SEE A CHANGE IN THEIR AGING, I 3771 02:15:10,833 --> 02:15:12,301 THINK THEIR AGING CLOCK, IF I 3772 02:15:12,301 --> 02:15:13,368 UNDERSTOOD THAT CORRECTLY? 3773 02:15:13,368 --> 02:15:13,836 >> YES. 3774 02:15:13,836 --> 02:15:14,036 YEAH. 3775 02:15:14,036 --> 02:15:16,438 >> AND THE QUESTION I HAVE IS, 3776 02:15:16,438 --> 02:15:18,874 HAVE YOU SAMPLED THE BLOOD ON 3777 02:15:18,874 --> 02:15:19,875 THESE PATIENTS AT THE SAME TIME? 3778 02:15:19,875 --> 02:15:21,510 IT SEEMS LIKE IT WOULD BE A 3779 02:15:21,510 --> 02:15:24,913 WONDERFUL SOURCE OF INFORMATION. 3780 02:15:24,913 --> 02:15:28,150 >> MOST OF THE WORK ORIGINALLY 3781 02:15:28,150 --> 02:15:29,685 WE'VE BEEN SAMPLING FLUID AROUND 3782 02:15:29,685 --> 02:15:31,553 THE EYE WITH THE IDEA THAT THIS 3783 02:15:31,553 --> 02:15:33,122 IS AN ENRICHED FLUID SOURCE 3784 02:15:33,122 --> 02:15:36,592 BECAUSE IT'S VERY LOCAL AND 3785 02:15:36,592 --> 02:15:37,926 CLOSE, AND AS AN 3786 02:15:37,926 --> 02:15:38,894 OPHTHALMOLOGIST, THE BLOOD 3787 02:15:38,894 --> 02:15:41,630 USUALLY ISN'T THAT IMPORTANT. 3788 02:15:41,630 --> 02:15:43,732 WE HAVEN'T LOOKED AT AGING 3789 02:15:43,732 --> 02:15:46,902 CLOCKS IN THE BODY AS SORT OF A 3790 02:15:46,902 --> 02:15:48,470 COMPARATIVE CONTROL. 3791 02:15:48,470 --> 02:15:49,771 SO THAT'S AN INTERESTING 3792 02:15:49,771 --> 02:15:52,441 QUESTION. 3793 02:15:52,441 --> 02:15:53,842 OUR GENERAL SENSE IS THAT THE 3794 02:15:53,842 --> 02:15:56,712 EYEBALL IS THE REALLY RICH PLACE 3795 02:15:56,712 --> 02:15:57,913 AND THINGS GET DILUTED OUT INTO 3796 02:15:57,913 --> 02:15:59,381 THE BLOOD, BUT THAT'S A 3797 02:15:59,381 --> 02:16:01,316 SEQUENTIAL STEP, AND CERTAINLY 3798 02:16:01,316 --> 02:16:02,084 OUR CANCER COLLEAGUES ARE 3799 02:16:02,084 --> 02:16:03,919 INTERESTED. 3800 02:16:03,919 --> 02:16:04,353 IN THAT. 3801 02:16:04,353 --> 02:16:06,522 >> IT MIGHT HELP DISTINGUISH 3802 02:16:06,522 --> 02:16:08,790 WHAT IS DIFFERENT AND THAT IT 3803 02:16:08,790 --> 02:16:10,993 MAY BE A SYSTEMIC CONTRIBUTION 3804 02:16:10,993 --> 02:16:12,761 TO THE EYE DISEASE THAT KEEPS 3805 02:16:12,761 --> 02:16:15,297 GETTING NEGLECTED IS KIND OF THE 3806 02:16:15,297 --> 02:16:16,031 POINT I WAS TRYING TO MAKE. 3807 02:16:16,031 --> 02:16:18,934 >> YES, YEAH, YEAH. 3808 02:16:18,934 --> 02:16:20,669 AND WHAT WE HAVE DONE IS THAT 3809 02:16:20,669 --> 02:16:22,204 THESE PROTEOMIC BIOMARKERS FOR 3810 02:16:22,204 --> 02:16:24,306 THE CLOCK AND THE EYE ARE NOT 3811 02:16:24,306 --> 02:16:28,777 REFLECTED IN THE BLOOD PER SE. 3812 02:16:28,777 --> 02:16:30,312 SO THAT THOUGHT IS TOTALLY 3813 02:16:30,312 --> 02:16:30,579 DIFFERENT. 3814 02:16:30,579 --> 02:16:32,614 >> YOUR B CELLS KEEP COMING UP 3815 02:16:32,614 --> 02:16:33,348 IN YOUR PANELS. 3816 02:16:33,348 --> 02:16:33,715 >> YEAH. 3817 02:16:33,715 --> 02:16:35,284 >> WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THAT? 3818 02:16:35,284 --> 02:16:40,489 THEY'RE NOT USUALLY AS MUCH 3819 02:16:40,489 --> 02:16:40,789 APPRECIATED. 3820 02:16:40,789 --> 02:16:41,924 >> I THINK CLINICALLY, WHEN WE 3821 02:16:41,924 --> 02:16:44,426 WERE TALKING LAST EVENING, WE 3822 02:16:44,426 --> 02:16:46,662 THINK ABOUT UVEITIS, WE LIKE TO 3823 02:16:46,662 --> 02:16:49,498 PHYSICALLY SEE CELLS AND I LOVE 3824 02:16:49,498 --> 02:16:52,568 TO SHOW OFF OUR IMAGES, WE DON'T 3825 02:16:52,568 --> 02:16:53,869 ACTUALLY COUNT LEUKOCYTES IN THE 3826 02:16:53,869 --> 02:16:55,137 EYE, BUT THERE'S LOTS OF WHAT WE 3827 02:16:55,137 --> 02:16:56,905 WOULD SAY IS SUBCLINICAL 3828 02:16:56,905 --> 02:16:57,573 INFLAMMATION, SOMETIMES WHERE WE 3829 02:16:57,573 --> 02:17:01,076 DON'T SEE THE CLASSICAL FEATURES 3830 02:17:01,076 --> 02:17:01,843 OF THAT. 3831 02:17:01,843 --> 02:17:04,479 I WAS TOLD THE EYE IS IMMUNE 3832 02:17:04,479 --> 02:17:06,281 PRIVILEGE BUT IT'S NOT IMMUNE 3833 02:17:06,281 --> 02:17:08,150 ZERO, AND SO I THINK THESE 3834 02:17:08,150 --> 02:17:09,451 DIFFERENT CELLS MAY HAVE 3835 02:17:09,451 --> 02:17:12,187 CONTRIBUTIONS THAT WE TYPICALLY 3836 02:17:12,187 --> 02:17:13,822 DON'T CLINICALLY CHARACTERIZE OR 3837 02:17:13,822 --> 02:17:14,523 THINK ABOUT. 3838 02:17:14,523 --> 02:17:17,259 OR LIKE THE MACROPHAGES WHICH I 3839 02:17:17,259 --> 02:17:18,794 HAVE BEEN SNOOPING AROUND, I 3840 02:17:18,794 --> 02:17:20,495 WOULD GUESS, BUT IN GENERAL -- 3841 02:17:20,495 --> 02:17:23,432 IT'S COMING UP AS A HOTTER TOPIC 3842 02:17:23,432 --> 02:17:25,734 NOW IN RETINA. 3843 02:17:25,734 --> 02:17:27,469 >> LET TAKE ONE MORE AND IT 3844 02:17:27,469 --> 02:17:28,837 LOOKS LIKE VICTOR. 3845 02:17:28,837 --> 02:17:30,706 >> GREAT TALK. 3846 02:17:30,706 --> 02:17:33,308 TWO POINTS. 3847 02:17:33,308 --> 02:17:35,611 ANY IDEA OR PLANS OR DO YOU HAVE 3848 02:17:35,611 --> 02:17:39,047 ANY DATA ON THE PEDIATRIC 3849 02:17:39,047 --> 02:17:39,615 AQUEOUS FLUID? 3850 02:17:39,615 --> 02:17:41,883 >> WE'VE COLLECTED A LITTLE BIT, 3851 02:17:41,883 --> 02:17:43,952 BUT AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, THE 3852 02:17:43,952 --> 02:17:45,754 PEDIATRIC FLUID IS A LOT MORE 3853 02:17:45,754 --> 02:17:46,488 COMPLICATED. 3854 02:17:46,488 --> 02:17:48,590 WE'VE COLLECTED SOME UVEITIS 3855 02:17:48,590 --> 02:17:50,892 SAMPLES WHEN THEY'RE GETTING IN 3856 02:17:50,892 --> 02:17:51,893 THE EUA. 3857 02:17:51,893 --> 02:17:53,462 BUT WE DON'T HAVE A COMPARATIVE 3858 02:17:53,462 --> 02:17:57,266 CONTROL LIKE WE DO FOR SORT OF 3859 02:17:57,266 --> 02:17:59,134 GENERAL CATARACT SURGERY WITH 3860 02:17:59,134 --> 02:18:01,336 THE KIDS, SO WE HAVEN'T GONE 3861 02:18:01,336 --> 02:18:02,204 HEAVILY INTO THAT BUT FOR SOME 3862 02:18:02,204 --> 02:18:04,773 OF THE UVEITIS CASES WE'VE 3863 02:18:04,773 --> 02:18:05,040 COLLECTED. 3864 02:18:05,040 --> 02:18:07,843 >> AND SECOND, IT'S INTERESTING, 3865 02:18:07,843 --> 02:18:11,380 THE MELANOMA HISTORY. 3866 02:18:11,380 --> 02:18:15,751 DO YOU THINK IN THE -- 3867 02:18:15,751 --> 02:18:17,619 ENVIRONMENT CHANGES THE GENE 3868 02:18:17,619 --> 02:18:19,321 PROFILES OF THESE PHENOMENA? 3869 02:18:19,321 --> 02:18:21,590 COMING FROM MIAMI, WE DO SEE A 3870 02:18:21,590 --> 02:18:24,860 LOT OF -- THEY BEHAVE 3871 02:18:24,860 --> 02:18:26,194 DIFFERENTLY, FACT THEY ARE 3872 02:18:26,194 --> 02:18:29,598 PROBABLY MORE SIMILAR TO 3873 02:18:29,598 --> 02:18:29,998 ISCHEMIC MELANOMA. 3874 02:18:29,998 --> 02:18:30,799 >> I THINK THOSE ARE GREAT 3875 02:18:30,799 --> 02:18:32,100 QUESTIONS THAT WE DON'T KNOW THE 3876 02:18:32,100 --> 02:18:33,268 ANSWERS BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T 3877 02:18:33,268 --> 02:18:33,702 PROFILED THEM. 3878 02:18:33,702 --> 02:18:36,238 I THINK PROFILING THEM IN LIVING 3879 02:18:36,238 --> 02:18:39,207 HUMANS IS IMPORTANT, FREQUENTLY 3880 02:18:39,207 --> 02:18:40,642 IN OUR PATHOLOGY, WE'RE ONLY 3881 02:18:40,642 --> 02:18:42,411 LOOKING AT THE TUMOR ITSELF, NOT 3882 02:18:42,411 --> 02:18:45,714 THE SURROUNDING TISSUE THAT WE 3883 02:18:45,714 --> 02:18:47,049 CALL NORMAL, SO I THINK THAT'S 3884 02:18:47,049 --> 02:18:50,886 AN IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY. 3885 02:18:50,886 --> 02:18:52,421 >> VINU, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3886 02:18:52,421 --> 02:18:54,956 LET'S SWITCH OVER TO -- WE'LL 3887 02:18:54,956 --> 02:18:56,058 TAKE MORE QUESTIONS DURING THE 3888 02:18:56,058 --> 02:18:56,591 DISCUSSION AT THE END. 3889 02:18:56,591 --> 02:19:06,768 THANK YOU. 3890 02:19:26,121 --> 02:19:27,389 >> GOOD MORNING, AND THANK YOU 3891 02:19:27,389 --> 02:19:28,490 FOR HAVING ME. 3892 02:19:28,490 --> 02:19:32,394 MY NAME IS AFROUZ ANDERSON, 3893 02:19:32,394 --> 02:19:33,829 PROGRAM DIRECTOR AT NIBIB, AND 3894 02:19:33,829 --> 02:19:35,864 TODAY I'M HERE TO TALK ABOUT 3895 02:19:35,864 --> 02:19:37,065 INTEGRATION OF THE BIOMEDICAL 3896 02:19:37,065 --> 02:19:38,567 IMAGING WITH MULTI-OMICS 3897 02:19:38,567 --> 02:19:41,803 ANALYSIS BASED ON AI FOR THE 3898 02:19:41,803 --> 02:19:43,338 DIAGNOSIS OF THE OCULAR AND 3899 02:19:43,338 --> 02:19:45,640 SYSTEMIC DISEASES. 3900 02:19:45,640 --> 02:19:49,878 SO AT NIBIB, WE'RE THE 3901 02:19:49,878 --> 02:19:51,246 ENGINEERING AND IMPANELING 3902 02:19:51,246 --> 02:19:51,913 TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE. 3903 02:19:51,913 --> 02:19:52,681 WE'RE VERY PROUD OF THAT. 3904 02:19:52,681 --> 02:19:54,015 WE TAKE CARE OF A LOT OF EARLY 3905 02:19:54,015 --> 02:19:55,317 STAGE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND 3906 02:19:55,317 --> 02:19:56,418 WE LOVE OUR TECHNOLOGY SO MUCH 3907 02:19:56,418 --> 02:19:58,053 THAT WE LOVE TO SHARE THEM WITH 3908 02:19:58,053 --> 02:20:01,356 OUR FRIENDS IN DIFFERENT ICs 3909 02:20:01,356 --> 02:20:03,558 TO BE USABLE FOR THEIR SPECIFIC 3910 02:20:03,558 --> 02:20:04,526 DISEASES. 3911 02:20:04,526 --> 02:20:08,296 IN TERMS OF PARTNERSHIP AND 3912 02:20:08,296 --> 02:20:11,166 COLLABORATION, AT NIBIB, WE ARE 3913 02:20:11,166 --> 02:20:12,334 ABOUT 14% OF THE NIH BUDGET THAT 3914 02:20:12,334 --> 02:20:18,707 GOES TO OUR BAY O BIOENGINEERIN- 3915 02:20:18,707 --> 02:20:21,576 NOW THAT WE HAVE AN AMAZING 3916 02:20:21,576 --> 02:20:24,146 DR. BERTAGNOLLI AS OUR DIRECTOR, 3917 02:20:24,146 --> 02:20:26,848 THAT REALLY CARES ABOUT THE 3918 02:20:26,848 --> 02:20:28,283 BIOIMAGING AND BIOLOGICAL 3919 02:20:28,283 --> 02:20:29,918 TECHNOLOGIES TOWARD 3920 02:20:29,918 --> 02:20:32,788 UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASES. 3921 02:20:32,788 --> 02:20:34,322 SO TOWARD THAT END, WE HAVE A 3922 02:20:34,322 --> 02:20:36,391 LOT OF DIFFERENT FOCUSES, WE 3923 02:20:36,391 --> 02:20:39,294 HAVE FIVE MAIN AREA OF THE FOCUS 3924 02:20:39,294 --> 02:20:41,029 SPANNING FROM BIOENGINEERING TO 3925 02:20:41,029 --> 02:20:41,463 BIOIMAGING. 3926 02:20:41,463 --> 02:20:43,265 THIS INCLUDES THE THERAPEUTIC 3927 02:20:43,265 --> 02:20:46,668 SYSTEMS, IMAGING TECHNOLOGY, 3928 02:20:46,668 --> 02:20:51,473 VARIETY OF OPTICAL ALTERED 3929 02:20:51,473 --> 02:20:52,808 SOUND, MRI, AS WELL AS 3930 02:20:52,808 --> 02:20:53,708 ENGINEERED BIOLOGY SYSTEM, THESE 3931 02:20:53,708 --> 02:20:56,111 ARE CELLULAR TISSUE CHIPS AND SO 3932 02:20:56,111 --> 02:20:58,113 ON, AS WELL AS SENSOR AND POINT 3933 02:20:58,113 --> 02:20:59,381 OF CARE TECHNOLOGY, AND SORT OF 3934 02:20:59,381 --> 02:21:00,515 THE GLUE TO ALL THESE 3935 02:21:00,515 --> 02:21:01,950 TECHNOLOGIES IS DATA SCIENCE, 3936 02:21:01,950 --> 02:21:03,285 MODELING AND COMPUTATION. 3937 02:21:03,285 --> 02:21:04,619 THIS IS ANOTHER AREA OF THE 3938 02:21:04,619 --> 02:21:07,989 FOCUS THAT WE HAVE TO WORK WITH 3939 02:21:07,989 --> 02:21:08,857 THIS IMAGING TECHNOLOGY. 3940 02:21:08,857 --> 02:21:10,559 AS YOU MIGHT IMAGINE, WE HAVE A 3941 02:21:10,559 --> 02:21:12,961 LOT OF DATA COMING FROM EACH OF 3942 02:21:12,961 --> 02:21:15,831 THESE CORE AREAS, SO THERE'S A 3943 02:21:15,831 --> 02:21:17,265 NEED FOR DATA SCIENCE AND 3944 02:21:17,265 --> 02:21:17,699 MODELING. 3945 02:21:17,699 --> 02:21:19,668 WE ARE NOT 3946 02:21:19,668 --> 02:21:20,502 DISEASE-SPECIFIC-FOCUSED, WE ARE 3947 02:21:20,502 --> 02:21:23,638 NOT NECESSARILY 3948 02:21:23,638 --> 02:21:24,172 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN EITHER. 3949 02:21:24,172 --> 02:21:25,507 WE LOOK AT A LOT OF TECHNOLOGY 3950 02:21:25,507 --> 02:21:28,777 DEVELOPMENT TO UNDERSTAND AND 3951 02:21:28,777 --> 02:21:33,381 PREVENT DISEASES, TO PERSONALIZE 3952 02:21:33,381 --> 02:21:34,182 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN ORDER 3953 02:21:34,182 --> 02:21:35,851 TO BE ABLE TO EXTEND THE 3954 02:21:35,851 --> 02:21:37,452 HEALTHSPAN AND REDUCE COST 3955 02:21:37,452 --> 02:21:38,887 TOWARD ALLOWING BARRIER TO 3956 02:21:38,887 --> 02:21:40,589 ACCESS AND THEN DRIVE THE 3957 02:21:40,589 --> 02:21:41,756 INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 3958 02:21:41,756 --> 02:21:45,694 AND PARTNERSHIP. 3959 02:21:45,694 --> 02:21:47,596 SO FOCUSING ON THE DATA AND SORT 3960 02:21:47,596 --> 02:21:49,364 OF IMAGING TECHNOLOGY HERE, WE 3961 02:21:49,364 --> 02:21:51,366 HAVE A UNIQUE RELEVANCE IN AI 3962 02:21:51,366 --> 02:21:53,768 AND IMAGING AT NIBIB. 3963 02:21:53,768 --> 02:21:56,838 OUR PORTFOLIO SPANS -- AND 3964 02:21:56,838 --> 02:22:00,041 IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRE 3965 02:22:00,041 --> 02:22:01,042 COMPUTATION AND MODELING FOR 3966 02:22:01,042 --> 02:22:02,777 DATA SCIENCE, FOR IMAGE 3967 02:22:02,777 --> 02:22:04,312 FORMATION, FOR IMAGE EVALUATION, 3968 02:22:04,312 --> 02:22:07,883 SO WE CAN USE AI AS A TECHNOLOGY 3969 02:22:07,883 --> 02:22:09,384 TO UNDERSTAND THESE SORTS OF 3970 02:22:09,384 --> 02:22:09,818 INFORMATION. 3971 02:22:09,818 --> 02:22:11,953 WE KNOW A LOT OF IMAGING 3972 02:22:11,953 --> 02:22:14,022 TECHNOLOGY HAVE SOURCE AND 3973 02:22:14,022 --> 02:22:14,990 DETECTOR. 3974 02:22:14,990 --> 02:22:16,124 WE HAVE SIGNAL AND NOISE PROBLEM 3975 02:22:16,124 --> 02:22:17,659 THAT IS ALWAYS A LIMITING FACTOR 3976 02:22:17,659 --> 02:22:23,064 FOR US, SO AI AND -- TECHNOLOGY 3977 02:22:23,064 --> 02:22:27,202 CAN BE USED FOR BETTER 3978 02:22:27,202 --> 02:22:29,504 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO. 3979 02:22:29,504 --> 02:22:30,939 VERY LARGE DATASET FOR TRAINING 3980 02:22:30,939 --> 02:22:35,477 AND DEVELOPMENT OF AI AND ANIMAL 3981 02:22:35,477 --> 02:22:37,746 MODEL, BOTH SUPERVISED AND 3982 02:22:37,746 --> 02:22:39,114 UNSUPERVISED SO OPTIMIZE THE 3983 02:22:39,114 --> 02:22:40,015 INVISIBLE INFORMATION THAT WE 3984 02:22:40,015 --> 02:22:42,417 CAN GET FROM THE IMAGING DATA. 3985 02:22:42,417 --> 02:22:45,420 AND BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE 3986 02:22:45,420 --> 02:22:46,521 RELEVANT -- THE CLINICAL 3987 02:22:46,521 --> 02:22:50,425 RELEVANCE OF THESE IMAGING. 3988 02:22:50,425 --> 02:22:51,459 AND ANOTHER AREA THAT WE FOCUS 3989 02:22:51,459 --> 02:22:53,228 ON A LOT IS WHAT IS THE GROUND 3990 02:22:53,228 --> 02:22:56,398 TRUTH THAT YOU'RE LOOKING AT. 3991 02:22:56,398 --> 02:22:59,701 SO IF YOU ARE LOOKING AT THE 3992 02:22:59,701 --> 02:23:00,869 IMAGING AND AI GROWTH AT NIH 3993 02:23:00,869 --> 02:23:02,003 OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, IT'S 3994 02:23:02,003 --> 02:23:03,471 INTERESTING TO SEE THAT IMAGING 3995 02:23:03,471 --> 02:23:05,974 TECHNOLOGY HAS HAD A STEADY 3996 02:23:05,974 --> 02:23:08,743 GROWTH SINCE 2019, AND THEN 3997 02:23:08,743 --> 02:23:10,545 LOOKING AT A CROSS-SECTION OF 3998 02:23:10,545 --> 02:23:15,483 THE AI AND IMAGING, LOOKING AT 3999 02:23:15,483 --> 02:23:17,285 THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE AI AND 4000 02:23:17,285 --> 02:23:18,420 IMAGING, YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE 4001 02:23:18,420 --> 02:23:22,257 HAS BEEN A 3.7 TIMES GROWTH OVER 4002 02:23:22,257 --> 02:23:25,860 THE PAST FIVE YEARS SHOWING THAT 4003 02:23:25,860 --> 02:23:27,128 INCREDIBLE GROWTH THAT YOU'RE 4004 02:23:27,128 --> 02:23:29,531 SEEING IN TERMS OF ENABLING THE 4005 02:23:29,531 --> 02:23:30,732 IMAGING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE 4006 02:23:30,732 --> 02:23:32,434 A.I. 4007 02:23:32,434 --> 02:23:36,137 IF YOU LOOKED AT THE FUNDING 4008 02:23:36,137 --> 02:23:37,973 THAT WE -- THAT NIH GOES TOWARDS 4009 02:23:37,973 --> 02:23:42,077 AI AND IMAGING INTERSECTION 4010 02:23:42,077 --> 02:23:44,546 VERSUS THE FUNDING THAT GOES 4011 02:23:44,546 --> 02:23:45,513 TOWARD THE APPROPRIATE BUDGET, 4012 02:23:45,513 --> 02:23:46,548 YOU CAN SEE A LOT OF INSTITUTES 4013 02:23:46,548 --> 02:23:47,782 ARE INVOLVED. 4014 02:23:47,782 --> 02:23:50,418 YOU CAN SEE THE DISEASE 4015 02:23:50,418 --> 02:23:51,519 SPECIFICITY OF THESE AI AND 4016 02:23:51,519 --> 02:23:52,721 IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR EXAMPLE 4017 02:23:52,721 --> 02:23:57,125 HUMAN HEALTH, MENTAL HEALTH, 4018 02:23:57,125 --> 02:23:59,461 BRAIN IMAGING, HEART LUNG BLOOD 4019 02:23:59,461 --> 02:24:02,831 INSTITUTE, AGING AND CANCER, AND 4020 02:24:02,831 --> 02:24:05,834 NIBIB AS A DISEASE AGNOSTIC, 4021 02:24:05,834 --> 02:24:07,035 YOU'RE REALLY HAVING A LARGE 4022 02:24:07,035 --> 02:24:08,637 FOCUS ON AI AND IMAGING COMPARED 4023 02:24:08,637 --> 02:24:10,171 TO OTHER INSTITUTES JUST BECAUSE 4024 02:24:10,171 --> 02:24:12,207 WE ARE LOOKING AT THE EARLIEST 4025 02:24:12,207 --> 02:24:13,642 STATE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. 4026 02:24:13,642 --> 02:24:15,610 AND LOOKING AT THE SORT OF THE 4027 02:24:15,610 --> 02:24:17,345 MARKET SIDE FROM THE FDA POINT 4028 02:24:17,345 --> 02:24:19,280 OF VIEW, IS THAT IF YOU LOOK AT 4029 02:24:19,280 --> 02:24:21,683 THE GROWTH OF THE AI AND ML 4030 02:24:21,683 --> 02:24:23,251 ENABLED DEVICE THAT ARE CLEARED 4031 02:24:23,251 --> 02:24:27,956 BY FDA, YOU CAN SEE AGAIN THAT 4032 02:24:27,956 --> 02:24:31,993 GROWTH IN THE GRAPH SINCE 2014 4033 02:24:31,993 --> 02:24:34,195 WITH 76% OF THESE APPLICATION 4034 02:24:34,195 --> 02:24:35,563 FOCUSING ON RADIOLOGY AND 4035 02:24:35,563 --> 02:24:39,401 IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES, AND IF YOU 4036 02:24:39,401 --> 02:24:41,670 LOOK AT THE GRAPH ON THE RIGHT 4037 02:24:41,670 --> 02:24:44,572 SIDE THAT SHOWS A GLOBAL MARKET 4038 02:24:44,572 --> 02:24:48,643 GROWTH ESTIMATING IN 2029, THERE 4039 02:24:48,643 --> 02:24:53,782 WOULD BE 148 BILLION U.S. 4040 02:24:53,782 --> 02:24:55,550 DOLLARS TOWARDS THE GLOBAL 4041 02:24:55,550 --> 02:24:59,020 MARKET OF AI AND ML ALGORITHM 4042 02:24:59,020 --> 02:25:00,388 TOWARD THE HEALTHCARE MARKET. 4043 02:25:00,388 --> 02:25:01,890 SO I HOPE I'M CONVINCING YOU 4044 02:25:01,890 --> 02:25:03,091 DEFINITELY AND EVERYONE HERE IS 4045 02:25:03,091 --> 02:25:05,260 ALREADY CONVINCED THAT AI AND 4046 02:25:05,260 --> 02:25:07,295 IMAGING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE 4047 02:25:07,295 --> 02:25:09,931 IN TERMS OF IMPACTING THE 4048 02:25:09,931 --> 02:25:10,799 HEALTHCARE MARKET. 4049 02:25:10,799 --> 02:25:12,667 THE REST OF MY TALK IS GOING TO 4050 02:25:12,667 --> 02:25:14,235 FOCUS ON THREE MAJOR AREAS. 4051 02:25:14,235 --> 02:25:15,670 FIRST SOME OF THE DATA 4052 02:25:15,670 --> 02:25:18,740 REPOSITORY FOR AI ALGORITHM 4053 02:25:18,740 --> 02:25:21,142 DEVELOPMENT, OPT MY AIZATION AND 4054 02:25:21,142 --> 02:25:22,477 VALIDATION FOR IMAGING, AS WELL 4055 02:25:22,477 --> 02:25:24,379 AS BRIEFLY I WILL TOUCH ON THE 4056 02:25:24,379 --> 02:25:25,780 IMAGING STANDARD AND THEN 4057 02:25:25,780 --> 02:25:27,248 FOCUSING ON SOME OF THE EXAMPLE 4058 02:25:27,248 --> 02:25:29,017 OF INNOVATIVE ALGORITHM AND 4059 02:25:29,017 --> 02:25:30,552 ADVANCED IMAGING TECH TOWARD 4060 02:25:30,552 --> 02:25:33,755 OPHTHALMOLOGY. 4061 02:25:33,755 --> 02:25:34,556 SO ONE OF THE BIGGEST STRUCTURE 4062 02:25:34,556 --> 02:25:39,427 IN TERMS OF IMAGING AND AI AND 4063 02:25:39,427 --> 02:25:41,796 MAJOR SOURCES HAS BEEN MEDICAL 4064 02:25:41,796 --> 02:25:42,630 IMAGING AND DATA RESOURCE 4065 02:25:42,630 --> 02:25:42,997 CENTER. 4066 02:25:42,997 --> 02:25:45,734 THIS IS A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL 4067 02:25:45,734 --> 02:25:46,367 COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVE DRIVEN 4068 02:25:46,367 --> 02:25:48,770 BY THE MEDICAL IMAGING COMMUNITY 4069 02:25:48,770 --> 02:25:53,875 IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO 4070 02:25:53,875 --> 02:25:56,845 ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT AND 4071 02:25:56,845 --> 02:25:58,546 REAL WORLD ASSESSMENT OF AI 4072 02:25:58,546 --> 02:26:00,048 PERFORMANCE AND CLINICAL 4073 02:26:00,048 --> 02:26:01,249 DEPLOYMENT. 4074 02:26:01,249 --> 02:26:10,558 ORIGINALLY MIDRC -- THE PI FOR 4075 02:26:10,558 --> 02:26:13,128 MIDRC, DR. GIGER, HAS DONE A 4076 02:26:13,128 --> 02:26:15,029 GREAT JOB IN ORDER TORE CONNECT 4077 02:26:15,029 --> 02:26:15,997 THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETYINGS TO 4078 02:26:15,997 --> 02:26:17,966 BRING TO THE MIDRC AND I WILL 4079 02:26:17,966 --> 02:26:18,967 TOUCH ON WHY THIS IS SUCH AN 4080 02:26:18,967 --> 02:26:19,534 IMPORTANT DEAL. 4081 02:26:19,534 --> 02:26:22,303 THE GOAL OF THE MIDRC HERE IS TO 4082 02:26:22,303 --> 02:26:23,838 CREATE OPEN DISCOVERY DATA 4083 02:26:23,838 --> 02:26:24,939 COMMON WHERE YOU CAN DO 4084 02:26:24,939 --> 02:26:27,776 CREATION, TESTING, TATA 4085 02:26:27,776 --> 02:26:30,512 CONNECTIVITY AND QUALITY 4086 02:26:30,512 --> 02:26:32,313 ASSURANCE AS WELL AS ADDITION OF 4087 02:26:32,313 --> 02:26:33,748 THE CAP ABILITIES OF MACHINE 4088 02:26:33,748 --> 02:26:34,716 INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTATION 4089 02:26:34,716 --> 02:26:36,251 TOWARD A VERY CLINICALLY 4090 02:26:36,251 --> 02:26:40,588 RELEVANT ALGORITHM AND 4091 02:26:40,588 --> 02:26:47,395 SOFTWARES. 4092 02:26:47,395 --> 02:26:49,497 AI READINESS IS NOT AN EASY 4093 02:26:49,497 --> 02:26:50,031 TASK. 4094 02:26:50,031 --> 02:26:51,699 YOU HAVE TO HAVE DATA CURATION 4095 02:26:51,699 --> 02:26:53,468 TO CREATE THIS USABLE DATA AND 4096 02:26:53,468 --> 02:26:54,903 MAKING YOUR DATA USEFUL FOR WHAT 4097 02:26:54,903 --> 02:26:56,204 YOU NEED. 4098 02:26:56,204 --> 02:26:58,840 TO TOWARD THAT END, MIDRC HAS 4099 02:26:58,840 --> 02:26:59,674 DONE SUCH A GREAT JOB IN 4100 02:26:59,674 --> 02:27:00,542 CREATING A PIPELINE THAT CAN 4101 02:27:00,542 --> 02:27:02,210 HELP YOU WITH CREATING USABLE 4102 02:27:02,210 --> 02:27:03,144 DATA. 4103 02:27:03,144 --> 02:27:05,647 THIS INCLUDES IDENTIFICATION, 4104 02:27:05,647 --> 02:27:07,816 CURE RANGE OF MOTION, QUALITY 4105 02:27:07,816 --> 02:27:09,017 CONTROL, ANNOTATION AND 4106 02:27:09,017 --> 02:27:09,350 HARMONIZATION. 4107 02:27:09,350 --> 02:27:10,919 WE HAVE PUBLIC FACING DATA 4108 02:27:10,919 --> 02:27:15,723 THAT'S AI/ML READY TOWARDS THE 4109 02:27:15,723 --> 02:27:18,092 TRUSTWORTHY AI CREATING FAIR AND 4110 02:27:18,092 --> 02:27:22,130 SEARCHABLE DATA. 4111 02:27:22,130 --> 02:27:24,833 IN ORDER TO VALIDATE PERFORMANCE 4112 02:27:24,833 --> 02:27:26,935 OF THE ALGORITHM THAT ARE BEING 4113 02:27:26,935 --> 02:27:35,410 DEVELOPED AND TO ACCELERATE FD 4114 02:27:35,410 --> 02:27:36,945 FDA -- DEPLOYABILITY OF THESE 4115 02:27:36,945 --> 02:27:37,745 ALGORITHM TOWARD THE CLINICAL 4116 02:27:37,745 --> 02:27:39,113 USE. 4117 02:27:39,113 --> 02:27:40,348 SO THERE HAS BEEN A SIGNIFICANT 4118 02:27:40,348 --> 02:27:41,049 PROGRESS IN THAT SENSE. 4119 02:27:41,049 --> 02:27:44,252 SINCE THE BEGINNING WE HAVE HAD 4120 02:27:44,252 --> 02:27:45,620 310 IMAGING STUDIES THAT HAVE 4121 02:27:45,620 --> 02:27:46,688 BEEN SUBMITTED TO MIDRC AND OUT 4122 02:27:46,688 --> 02:27:51,593 OF THOSE, AS THEY GO THROUGH THE 4123 02:27:51,593 --> 02:27:54,362 PIPE LAUNCH, THERE HAVE BEEN 4124 02:27:54,362 --> 02:27:56,130 165,000 STUDIES HAS BEEN 4125 02:27:56,130 --> 02:27:57,532 RELEASED AS WELL AS DEVELOPMENT 4126 02:27:57,532 --> 02:28:01,069 OF THE 30 UNIQUE ALGORITHMS. 4127 02:28:01,069 --> 02:28:03,938 AND THIS IS OUR AMAZING MIDRC 4128 02:28:03,938 --> 02:28:04,906 TEAM THAT UNFORTUNATELY WERE NOT 4129 02:28:04,906 --> 02:28:09,777 ABLE TO BE HERE, BRAD BROWER, 4130 02:28:09,777 --> 02:28:18,286 KRIS KANDARPA AND RUISDE SA, FOR 4131 02:28:18,286 --> 02:28:19,487 TRANSLATION OF THE AI ALGORITHM 4132 02:28:19,487 --> 02:28:20,355 TO THE CLINICAL PRACTICE. 4133 02:28:20,355 --> 02:28:22,924 SO ANOTHER NEXT STEP IS IF 4134 02:28:22,924 --> 02:28:24,125 YOU'RE TRYING TO GET YOUR 4135 02:28:24,125 --> 02:28:26,427 TRUSTWORTHY AI AND TRYING TO 4136 02:28:26,427 --> 02:28:29,497 REALLY CREATE A GOOD A.I. TOOL 4137 02:28:29,497 --> 02:28:31,165 YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE BIAS 4138 02:28:31,165 --> 02:28:33,067 AND DIVERSITY OF THE DATA. 4139 02:28:33,067 --> 02:28:34,302 THIS BIAS CAN COME FROM MANY 4140 02:28:34,302 --> 02:28:35,770 DIFFERENT SOURCES, SOME OF IT IN 4141 02:28:35,770 --> 02:28:38,740 TERMS OF MODEL EVALUATION, MODEL 4142 02:28:38,740 --> 02:28:41,342 DEPLOYMENT, DATA COLLECTION, 4143 02:28:41,342 --> 02:28:44,245 DATA PREPARATION, AND SO TO THAT 4144 02:28:44,245 --> 02:28:47,749 END, MIDRC HAS CREATED A BIAS 4145 02:28:47,749 --> 02:28:49,083 AWARENESS TOOL, WHICH IS 4146 02:28:49,083 --> 02:28:49,817 ESSENTIAL FOR STANDARDIZATION 4147 02:28:49,817 --> 02:28:51,753 AND VALIDATION OF THE MULTISITE 4148 02:28:51,753 --> 02:28:56,257 AND MULTI-PLATFORM DATA. 4149 02:28:56,257 --> 02:29:06,701 FDA HAS ALSO PUBLISHED -- 4150 02:29:07,502 --> 02:29:08,670 FORMALIZED AS A REGULATORY TOOL 4151 02:29:08,670 --> 02:29:09,737 FOR CLINICAL RELEVANCE HERE. 4152 02:29:09,737 --> 02:29:10,905 IT'S IMPORTANT TO MENTION THAT 4153 02:29:10,905 --> 02:29:12,540 IT'S VERY EASY TO FALL INTO THE 4154 02:29:12,540 --> 02:29:14,075 TRAP OF THE LARGE LANGUAGE 4155 02:29:14,075 --> 02:29:16,377 MODEL. 4156 02:29:16,377 --> 02:29:17,245 SO THE VERY IMPORTANT NEED I 4157 02:29:17,245 --> 02:29:18,613 WANT TO HIGHLIGHT HERE IS THE 4158 02:29:18,613 --> 02:29:20,214 NEED FOR DOMAIN-SPECIFIC 4159 02:29:20,214 --> 02:29:21,549 KNOWLEDGE IN TERMS OF CURE RANGE 4160 02:29:21,549 --> 02:29:26,888 OF MOTION ATIONOF THIS DATA. 4161 02:29:26,888 --> 02:29:28,423 IN TERMS OF COVID, WE BROUGHT A 4162 02:29:28,423 --> 02:29:30,391 LOT OF DIFFERENT SOCIETIES 4163 02:29:30,391 --> 02:29:32,193 TOGETHER TO WORK SO WE CAN 4164 02:29:32,193 --> 02:29:34,295 UNDERSTAND HOW THE DATA -- WHAT 4165 02:29:34,295 --> 02:29:35,730 ARE SET UP FOR THIS CURATION 4166 02:29:35,730 --> 02:29:37,498 WHAT ARE THE PATHWAY THAT WE 4167 02:29:37,498 --> 02:29:40,768 NEED TO CREATE FOR THE SPECIFIC 4168 02:29:40,768 --> 02:29:44,372 NEED IN TERMS OF THE CLINICAL 4169 02:29:44,372 --> 02:29:44,639 RELEVANCE. 4170 02:29:44,639 --> 02:29:46,307 SO I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT HERE, 4171 02:29:46,307 --> 02:29:49,243 THERE'S A VERY BIG PLACE FOR THE 4172 02:29:49,243 --> 02:29:50,244 PARTNERSHIP FROM A DIFFERENT 4173 02:29:50,244 --> 02:29:51,212 DOMAIN, BOTH FROM THE PUBLIC AND 4174 02:29:51,212 --> 02:29:52,447 PRIVATE ENTITY IN ORDER TO 4175 02:29:52,447 --> 02:29:54,682 REALLY CREATE A TRUSTWORTHY AI. 4176 02:29:54,682 --> 02:29:56,617 SO WE NEED TO ALL WORK TOGETHER 4177 02:29:56,617 --> 02:29:58,553 TOWARD THAT AND I THINK THIS IS 4178 02:29:58,553 --> 02:29:59,520 THE MESSAGE I WANT TO GET ACROSS 4179 02:29:59,520 --> 02:29:59,921 HERE. 4180 02:29:59,921 --> 02:30:01,255 IN TERMS OF CONTRIBUTING TO 4181 02:30:01,255 --> 02:30:04,792 NATIONAL AI INFRASTRUCTURE, DUE 4182 02:30:04,792 --> 02:30:07,762 TO THE EXECUTIVE ORDER TO BUILD 4183 02:30:07,762 --> 02:30:09,030 THE NATIONAL RESEARCH 4184 02:30:09,030 --> 02:30:10,832 INFRASTRUCTURE AND BO DEN THE 4185 02:30:10,832 --> 02:30:12,200 ACCESS AND RESOURCES TO RESEARCH 4186 02:30:12,200 --> 02:30:14,936 AND DEVELOPMENT IN AI, NIH HAS 4187 02:30:14,936 --> 02:30:20,274 PARTICIPATED IN NAIRR, THE 4188 02:30:20,274 --> 02:30:23,177 NATIONAL RESEARCH RESOURCE PILOT 4189 02:30:23,177 --> 02:30:24,712 IN 2024 TO DEPLOY THE RESOURCES 4190 02:30:24,712 --> 02:30:25,947 TO THE EARLY USERS. 4191 02:30:25,947 --> 02:30:28,850 WE ARE ALSO PART OF THE ARPA-H 4192 02:30:28,850 --> 02:30:30,284 BIOMEDICAL DATA FABRIC TOOLBOX. 4193 02:30:30,284 --> 02:30:33,354 THIS IS A NATIONAL 4194 02:30:33,354 --> 02:30:34,589 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INGESTION OF 4195 02:30:34,589 --> 02:30:36,457 THE DATA, CURATION, DISCOVERY 4196 02:30:36,457 --> 02:30:38,226 AND VISUALIZATION OF THE 4197 02:30:38,226 --> 02:30:40,028 TRUSTWORTHY AI IN HEALTHCARE. 4198 02:30:40,028 --> 02:30:44,298 SO IFTS IT'S AN INTEGRAL PART T 4199 02:30:44,298 --> 02:30:45,633 FABRIC TOOL AND I THINK THAT 4200 02:30:45,633 --> 02:30:46,667 EXAMPLE HERE IS SHOWING THE 4201 02:30:46,667 --> 02:30:48,436 EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY THAT, FOR 4202 02:30:48,436 --> 02:30:51,539 EXAMPLE, NIBIB, NEI AND EVEN 4203 02:30:51,539 --> 02:30:52,840 ALL-OF-US TOGETHER, I THINK SOME 4204 02:30:52,840 --> 02:30:55,243 OF IT, MICHAEL ALREADY ALLUDED 4205 02:30:55,243 --> 02:30:57,378 TO, TO BE ABLE TO INTEGRATE 4206 02:30:57,378 --> 02:30:59,781 OPHTHALMOLOGY DATA INTO THE 4207 02:30:59,781 --> 02:31:04,385 NATIONAL AI AND CREATING THE EYE 4208 02:31:04,385 --> 02:31:07,188 RELEVANT RESOURCES AND 4209 02:31:07,188 --> 02:31:07,989 POSSIBILITY EXTENSION OF THE 4210 02:31:07,989 --> 02:31:09,223 RESOURCES THAT WE HAVE TOWARD 4211 02:31:09,223 --> 02:31:11,325 THE OCULAR DATA AND INCLUSION OF 4212 02:31:11,325 --> 02:31:14,529 THE OCULAR-RELATED DATA INTO 4213 02:31:14,529 --> 02:31:18,366 THIS INFRASTRUCTURE. 4214 02:31:18,366 --> 02:31:21,335 SO THIS IS SOMETHING I WOULD 4215 02:31:21,335 --> 02:31:22,303 URGE EVERYONE TO TAKE A LOOK 4216 02:31:22,303 --> 02:31:22,770 INTO. 4217 02:31:22,770 --> 02:31:25,206 SO TO HAVE THE RELIABLE AI, WE 4218 02:31:25,206 --> 02:31:27,408 ALSO NEED RELIABLE AND USABLE 4219 02:31:27,408 --> 02:31:29,143 IMAGING DATA, AND TO THAT 4220 02:31:29,143 --> 02:31:31,679 EXTENT, WE HAVE TAKEN MULTI-SORT 4221 02:31:31,679 --> 02:31:34,449 OF PRONG APPROACH IN TERMS OF 4222 02:31:34,449 --> 02:31:35,116 STANDARDS, WE'RE GOING TO 4223 02:31:35,116 --> 02:31:36,484 HIGHLIGHT SOME OF OUR RECENT 4224 02:31:36,484 --> 02:31:37,251 ACTIVITIES THAT WE HAVE DONE IN 4225 02:31:37,251 --> 02:31:38,986 THAT SPACE TO CREATE A 4226 02:31:38,986 --> 02:31:40,755 REPRODUCIBLE AND QUANTIFIABLE 4227 02:31:40,755 --> 02:31:45,827 MEDICAL IMAGING DEVICES, 4228 02:31:45,827 --> 02:31:47,428 PHANTOMS PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE 4229 02:31:47,428 --> 02:31:48,996 IN THIS TOPIC, SO WE HAVE 4230 02:31:48,996 --> 02:31:54,168 CREATED A NIST/NIBIB PHANTOM 4231 02:31:54,168 --> 02:31:54,635 LIBRARY. 4232 02:31:54,635 --> 02:31:56,370 A LOT OF THIS HAS BEEN IN TERMS 4233 02:31:56,370 --> 02:31:59,941 OF BIOMARKER DISCOVERY WITH THE 4234 02:31:59,941 --> 02:32:01,909 COLLABORATION IN NIST, AND THIS 4235 02:32:01,909 --> 02:32:04,278 IS A MULTI-EFFORT BETWEEN THE 4236 02:32:04,278 --> 02:32:10,618 FDA, NIST, NSF, AND NIH. 4237 02:32:10,618 --> 02:32:11,519 WE ALSO HAVE A FUNDING 4238 02:32:11,519 --> 02:32:13,955 OPPORTUNITY TO SUPPORT 4239 02:32:13,955 --> 02:32:15,189 OPTIMIZATION, COLLABORATION AND 4240 02:32:15,189 --> 02:32:17,158 CURATION OF THE IMAGING PHANTOMS 4241 02:32:17,158 --> 02:32:18,593 TOWARD THE USABLE IMAGING DATA. 4242 02:32:18,593 --> 02:32:21,362 THE DUE DATE WILL BE AUGUST 1ST, 4243 02:32:21,362 --> 02:32:25,199 2024. 4244 02:32:25,199 --> 02:32:27,802 AND WE'RE ALSO FOCUSING A LOT ON 4245 02:32:27,802 --> 02:32:28,769 COLLABORATIVE MULTI-SECTOR 4246 02:32:28,769 --> 02:32:29,904 EFFORT, THIS IS WHERE IN 4247 02:32:29,904 --> 02:32:31,939 PARTNERSHIP WITH NSF AND FDA WE 4248 02:32:31,939 --> 02:32:34,542 ARE TRYING TO CREATE A 4249 02:32:34,542 --> 02:32:35,743 MULTI-STRUCTURE EFFORT TO BRING 4250 02:32:35,743 --> 02:32:37,945 THE GOVERNMENT, UNIVERSITIES AND 4251 02:32:37,945 --> 02:32:41,716 INDUSTRY TOGETHER TO FOCUS ON 4252 02:32:41,716 --> 02:32:43,084 USABLE IMAGING DATA AND PHANTOM, 4253 02:32:43,084 --> 02:32:46,320 IN THIS CASE, OPTICAL MEDICAL 4254 02:32:46,320 --> 02:32:51,492 IMAGING DEVICES. 4255 02:32:51,492 --> 02:32:52,627 SO MOVING ON TO SOME OF OUR 4256 02:32:52,627 --> 02:32:53,594 ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF PORTFOLIO 4257 02:32:53,594 --> 02:32:55,796 IN THE INTERSECTION OF THE AI 4258 02:32:55,796 --> 02:32:57,265 IMAGING AND OPHTHALMOLOGY, ONE 4259 02:32:57,265 --> 02:32:58,132 OF THE EXAMPLES THAT I'VE 4260 02:32:58,132 --> 02:33:03,838 PROVIDED HERE IS BY P.I. 4261 02:33:03,838 --> 02:33:05,106 DR. MILAN SANCA. 4262 02:33:05,106 --> 02:33:07,308 AS YOU CAN SEE IT'S BEING 4263 02:33:07,308 --> 02:33:12,880 SUPPORTED BY BOTH -- THIS IS FOR 4264 02:33:12,880 --> 02:33:13,648 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALGORITHM 4265 02:33:13,648 --> 02:33:15,249 WHICH IS HYBRID, BOTH DEEP 4266 02:33:15,249 --> 02:33:17,084 LEARNING AND OPTICAL GRAPH 4267 02:33:17,084 --> 02:33:19,754 SEARCH METHOD FOR THE OCT DATA 4268 02:33:19,754 --> 02:33:22,290 FOR AUTOMATIC LAYER SEGMENTATION 4269 02:33:22,290 --> 02:33:24,058 TO EXTRACT THE CLINICAL AND 4270 02:33:24,058 --> 02:33:27,228 MEANINGFUL IMAGES OF THE RETINA, 4271 02:33:27,228 --> 02:33:29,363 AND TOWARD UNDERSTANDING THE 4272 02:33:29,363 --> 02:33:31,098 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND BE ABLE TO 4273 02:33:31,098 --> 02:33:32,099 IMPROVE DIAGNOSTIC AND 4274 02:33:32,099 --> 02:33:33,367 MANAGEMENT OF THE DISEASES THAT, 4275 02:33:33,367 --> 02:33:34,902 FOR EXAMPLE, IN THIS CASE AS AN 4276 02:33:34,902 --> 02:33:36,637 EXAMPLE I'M SHOWING HERE IS THE 4277 02:33:36,637 --> 02:33:37,071 OPTIC NERVE. 4278 02:33:37,071 --> 02:33:41,442 SO THE IMAGE ON THE LEFT IS 4279 02:33:41,442 --> 02:33:44,812 SHOWING THE LAYER SEGMENTATION 4280 02:33:44,812 --> 02:33:48,082 AND 3D VISUALIZATION OF THE 4281 02:33:48,082 --> 02:33:49,617 RETINAL LAYER ON THE OPERATIVE 4282 02:33:49,617 --> 02:33:51,886 NERVE HEAD AND ON THE RIGHT IS 4283 02:33:51,886 --> 02:33:53,854 THE FIRST EVER 3D SEGMENTATION 4284 02:33:53,854 --> 02:33:57,525 OF THE HUMAN CHOROIDAL 4285 02:33:57,525 --> 02:33:58,292 VASCULATURE, THIS HAS ALREADY 4286 02:33:58,292 --> 02:34:00,361 BEEN USED IN SOME OF THE FDA 4287 02:34:00,361 --> 02:34:01,796 LABEL PRODUCT. 4288 02:34:01,796 --> 02:34:02,663 ANOTHER EXAMPLE THAT TAKES A 4289 02:34:02,663 --> 02:34:06,867 LITTLE BIT OF CURRENT IMAGING 4290 02:34:06,867 --> 02:34:08,069 TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN BE USED TO 4291 02:34:08,069 --> 02:34:09,837 GO BEYOND JUST EYE-SPECIFIC 4292 02:34:09,837 --> 02:34:11,038 DISEASES HAS BEEN IN THE 4293 02:34:11,038 --> 02:34:14,742 INTERSECTION OF AI AND IMAGING 4294 02:34:14,742 --> 02:34:17,144 AND OCT ANGIOGRAPHY. 4295 02:34:17,144 --> 02:34:20,381 THIS IS DONE BY OUR P41 CENTER, 4296 02:34:20,381 --> 02:34:22,016 WE HAVE THIS CENTER FOCUSING ON 4297 02:34:22,016 --> 02:34:23,684 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND 4298 02:34:23,684 --> 02:34:24,118 DISSEMINATION OF THE 4299 02:34:24,118 --> 02:34:24,952 TECHNOLOGIES. 4300 02:34:24,952 --> 02:34:25,686 THIS SPECIFIC CENTER IS THE 4301 02:34:25,686 --> 02:34:27,588 CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL OCT 4302 02:34:27,588 --> 02:34:29,957 RESEARCH AND DR. BRETT BOUMA. 4303 02:34:29,957 --> 02:34:31,092 AS PART OF THE CENTER, THEY'RE 4304 02:34:31,092 --> 02:34:33,060 FOCUSING ON NEW AND IMPROVED 4305 02:34:33,060 --> 02:34:35,863 METHODS OF THE OCT ANGIOGRAPHY 4306 02:34:35,863 --> 02:34:39,800 TO VISUALIZE THE DIFFUSING 4307 02:34:39,800 --> 02:34:41,435 CORRELATION OF THE RETINA WHICH 4308 02:34:41,435 --> 02:34:43,804 IS CORRELATIVE OF THE 4309 02:34:43,804 --> 02:34:44,305 INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT 4310 02:34:44,305 --> 02:34:44,572 ACTIVITY. 4311 02:34:44,572 --> 02:34:45,773 THIS IS VERY EARLIEST STAGE BUT 4312 02:34:45,773 --> 02:34:48,075 WHAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT 4313 02:34:48,075 --> 02:34:51,545 SENSITIVITY TO -- IN THIS CASE 4314 02:34:51,545 --> 02:34:52,980 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AFFECTING 4315 02:34:52,980 --> 02:34:56,584 THE INTRACELLULAR EXPORT AND 4316 02:34:56,584 --> 02:34:59,620 TRANS CELLULAR TRAFFICKING. 4317 02:34:59,620 --> 02:35:00,821 IT'S SHOWING THE CROSS-SECTION 4318 02:35:00,821 --> 02:35:02,256 OF THE RETINAL LAYER AND THE 4319 02:35:02,256 --> 02:35:04,525 BOTTOM ONE ARE UNFAZED PROFILE, 4320 02:35:04,525 --> 02:35:06,060 BUT THE TAKE-HOME MESSAGE HERE 4321 02:35:06,060 --> 02:35:13,567 IS USING THIS METHOD, YOU CAN GO 4322 02:35:13,567 --> 02:35:16,671 AHEAD AND SORT OF DIFFERENTIATE 4323 02:35:16,671 --> 02:35:19,573 THE FIBER-RICH LAYER SUCH AS 4324 02:35:19,573 --> 02:35:23,644 THOSE IN LIKE A DARK RED, SUCH 4325 02:35:23,644 --> 02:35:26,113 AS -- VERSUS THE CELL-RICH LAYER 4326 02:35:26,113 --> 02:35:35,389 SUCH AS THE GCL, INL AND ONL. 4327 02:35:35,389 --> 02:35:37,758 BUT YOU CAN SEE EXAMPLES OF THE 4328 02:35:37,758 --> 02:35:38,659 TECHNOLOGIES THAT WE'RE WORKING 4329 02:35:38,659 --> 02:35:44,865 ON TOWARD THAT. 4330 02:35:44,865 --> 02:35:50,071 SO ANOTHER ASPECT IS AI 4331 02:35:50,071 --> 02:35:50,738 TRANSLATION TO CLINIC AND HOME. 4332 02:35:50,738 --> 02:35:52,707 THIS IS ANOTHER PART THAT WE 4333 02:35:52,707 --> 02:35:54,108 REALLY NEED TO FOCUS ON, AND 4334 02:35:54,108 --> 02:35:55,609 THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE 4335 02:35:55,609 --> 02:35:59,013 CO-FUNDING FROM NEI, NCATS, 4336 02:35:59,013 --> 02:36:03,384 NIMHD, NIBIB AND IDS WITH THE 4337 02:36:03,384 --> 02:36:04,885 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR TOWARD 4338 02:36:04,885 --> 02:36:06,387 THE FDA CLEARED AI TECHNOLOGY 4339 02:36:06,387 --> 02:36:08,989 THAT CAN BE USED IN DIFFERENT 4340 02:36:08,989 --> 02:36:11,959 OCT TECHNOLOGY, IT IS THE FIRST 4341 02:36:11,959 --> 02:36:16,130 AND ONLY FDA CLEARED AI 4342 02:36:16,130 --> 02:36:17,798 TECHNOLOGY FOR AUTONOMOUS 4343 02:36:17,798 --> 02:36:19,467 DETECTION OF BOTH MORE THAN MILD 4344 02:36:19,467 --> 02:36:22,436 AND VISION THREATENING DIABETIC 4345 02:36:22,436 --> 02:36:23,738 RETINOPATHY, USING DIFFERENT 4346 02:36:23,738 --> 02:36:24,805 CAMERA MODELS AND ANOTHER 4347 02:36:24,805 --> 02:36:25,673 MANUFACTURER. 4348 02:36:25,673 --> 02:36:32,046 ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS SCANLY HOME 4349 02:36:32,046 --> 02:36:34,682 OCT, DE NOVO DEVICE CLASSIFIED 4350 02:36:34,682 --> 02:36:36,851 FOR AI-ENABLED OCT HOME 4351 02:36:36,851 --> 02:36:38,686 SCREENING DEVICES. 4352 02:36:38,686 --> 02:36:40,588 SO THIS IS SELF SET UP BY THE 4353 02:36:40,588 --> 02:36:42,123 PATIENT AND SELF OPERATED AP THE 4354 02:36:42,123 --> 02:36:43,557 DATA WILL BE REMOTE ACCESS THAT 4355 02:36:43,557 --> 02:36:45,826 CAN BE ACCESSIBLE BY PHYSICIAN 4356 02:36:45,826 --> 02:36:49,330 TO VISUALIZE THE HYPERREFLECTIVE 4357 02:36:49,330 --> 02:36:51,399 SPACES, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT 4358 02:36:51,399 --> 02:36:52,900 BIOMARKER IN TERMS OF 4359 02:36:52,900 --> 02:36:53,968 NEUROVASCULAR AMD MANAGEMENT. 4360 02:36:53,968 --> 02:36:55,069 THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE 4361 02:36:55,069 --> 02:36:57,705 IT ALLOWS FOR -- SOMETIMES YOU 4362 02:36:57,705 --> 02:36:59,407 NEED MORE DATA FROM THE PATIENT 4363 02:36:59,407 --> 02:37:00,441 TO UNDERSTAND THE PROGRESSION OF 4364 02:37:00,441 --> 02:37:02,910 THE DEEDS SO THAT CAN HELP A LOT 4365 02:37:02,910 --> 02:37:05,746 SUCH HOME DEVICES CAN HELP A LOT 4366 02:37:05,746 --> 02:37:10,384 TOWARD THAT GOAL. 4367 02:37:10,384 --> 02:37:13,487 SO THE MA PART THAT I'M REALLY 4368 02:37:13,487 --> 02:37:15,122 EXCITED ABOUT, PERSONALLY I'M 4369 02:37:15,122 --> 02:37:16,223 EXCITED ABOUT AND I THINK OUR 4370 02:37:16,223 --> 02:37:17,291 INSTITUTE IS ALSO VERY EXCITED 4371 02:37:17,291 --> 02:37:19,293 ABOUT AND THAT'S WHY WE'RE HERE, 4372 02:37:19,293 --> 02:37:22,963 IS LOOKING INTO THE EYE AS A 4373 02:37:22,963 --> 02:37:24,532 PORTAL TO LOOK AT SYSTEMIC 4374 02:37:24,532 --> 02:37:25,032 HEALTH DISEASES. 4375 02:37:25,032 --> 02:37:26,967 IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL 4376 02:37:26,967 --> 02:37:27,501 ADVANCEMENT, WE'RE GETTING 4377 02:37:27,501 --> 02:37:27,835 THERE. 4378 02:37:27,835 --> 02:37:28,402 IT'S VERY FAST. 4379 02:37:28,402 --> 02:37:31,005 WE'RE HAVING THE OPTICAL IMAGING 4380 02:37:31,005 --> 02:37:31,705 TECHNOLOGY NON-INVAI CIVIL CAN 4381 02:37:31,705 --> 02:37:33,707 LOOK AT THE HIGHER DEPTH, AT THE 4382 02:37:33,707 --> 02:37:35,576 MULTI-SCALE SO WE CAN GO FROM 4383 02:37:35,576 --> 02:37:37,645 THE MACKO SCALE ALL THE WAY TO 4384 02:37:37,645 --> 02:37:39,914 NANOSCALE, WE CAN LOOK AT A 4385 02:37:39,914 --> 02:37:43,984 SINGLE CELL IMAGING RIGHT NOW, 4386 02:37:43,984 --> 02:37:45,686 AND ADVANCEMENT OF THE 4387 02:37:45,686 --> 02:37:47,988 OPTICAL -- AND THE NANOOPTIC, 4388 02:37:47,988 --> 02:37:49,390 THESE ARE EXAMPLES THAT I'M 4389 02:37:49,390 --> 02:37:51,258 PROVIDING, SO OPTICS, WE CAN 4390 02:37:51,258 --> 02:37:52,893 MAKE THE -- SMALLER AND SMALLER 4391 02:37:52,893 --> 02:37:55,129 TO ALLOW THE MULTIMODAL IMAGING 4392 02:37:55,129 --> 02:37:57,097 WHERE YOU CAN GET SO MANY 4393 02:37:57,097 --> 02:37:59,166 DIFFERENT OPTICAL BIOMARKERS, 4394 02:37:59,166 --> 02:38:01,469 FOR EXAMPLE, IN ONE SINGLE 4395 02:38:01,469 --> 02:38:01,735 SNAPSHOT. 4396 02:38:01,735 --> 02:38:03,971 AND HOPEFULLY WE CAN USE THIS TO 4397 02:38:03,971 --> 02:38:07,141 CREATE A LONGITUDAL DATA. 4398 02:38:07,141 --> 02:38:08,943 WE WANT TO GO THROUGH THE 4399 02:38:08,943 --> 02:38:09,443 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA. 4400 02:38:09,443 --> 02:38:10,845 WE DON'T WANT TO JUST LOOK AT 4401 02:38:10,845 --> 02:38:12,613 FUNCTIONAL IMAGING. 4402 02:38:12,613 --> 02:38:13,681 -- STRUCTURAL IMAGING. 4403 02:38:13,681 --> 02:38:15,416 WE NEED TO HAVE THIS CAPABILITY 4404 02:38:15,416 --> 02:38:20,221 TO LOOK AT BOTH STRUCTURAL AND 4405 02:38:20,221 --> 02:38:20,988 FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION, AND 4406 02:38:20,988 --> 02:38:22,923 THINK ABOUT THE DATA IN TERMS OF 4407 02:38:22,923 --> 02:38:25,559 THE DISEASE -- SYSTEMIC DISEASES 4408 02:38:25,559 --> 02:38:25,826 SPECIFIC. 4409 02:38:25,826 --> 02:38:29,129 I KNOW A LOT OF CURRENT RESEARCH 4410 02:38:29,129 --> 02:38:30,564 THAT IS BEING DONE, WE CAN SEE 4411 02:38:30,564 --> 02:38:33,734 SOME IN TERMS OF SHOWING 4412 02:38:33,734 --> 02:38:35,369 FEASIBILITY OF THESE STUDIES IN 4413 02:38:35,369 --> 02:38:36,637 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, SOME OF 4414 02:38:36,637 --> 02:38:37,638 THEM CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, 4415 02:38:37,638 --> 02:38:38,172 SOME IN DIABETES. 4416 02:38:38,172 --> 02:38:39,940 BUT I THINK WE CAN ALSO LOOK AT 4417 02:38:39,940 --> 02:38:41,775 THE MORE COMPLEX DISEASES. 4418 02:38:41,775 --> 02:38:45,079 I THINK VINU MENTIONED SOME OF 4419 02:38:45,079 --> 02:38:46,514 THESE PROBLEMS THAT CAN IMPACT 4420 02:38:46,514 --> 02:38:50,184 THE DIFFERENT ORGAN, SO IN THIS 4421 02:38:50,184 --> 02:38:51,619 CASE, SYSTEMIC DISEASES THAT 4422 02:38:51,619 --> 02:38:53,988 HAVE COMPLEXITY IN TERMS OF 4423 02:38:53,988 --> 02:38:54,688 IMPACTING DIFFERENT ORGAN AT THE 4424 02:38:54,688 --> 02:38:56,757 SAME TIME, THESE ARE AUTOIMMUNE 4425 02:38:56,757 --> 02:38:58,292 DISEASES AND AUTOINFLAMMATORY 4426 02:38:58,292 --> 02:38:59,560 DISEASES, AND I'M NOT TALKING 4427 02:38:59,560 --> 02:39:00,995 ABOUT JUST LOOKING AT THE DRY 4428 02:39:00,995 --> 02:39:03,397 EYE, BUT ALSO LOOKING AT THE 4429 02:39:03,397 --> 02:39:06,767 PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER FROM 4430 02:39:06,767 --> 02:39:08,068 GENOMICS, FROM IMAGING, AND 4431 02:39:08,068 --> 02:39:10,137 HAVING A STRUCTURE LIKE AN AI TO 4432 02:39:10,137 --> 02:39:12,973 EXTRACT THE CLIPICALLY AND 4433 02:39:12,973 --> 02:39:15,142 DISEASE-RELATED BIOMARKER FROM 4434 02:39:15,142 --> 02:39:16,176 THIS MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA, FOR 4435 02:39:16,176 --> 02:39:17,645 EXAMPLE, AS MIDRC HAS THE 4436 02:39:17,645 --> 02:39:20,147 CAPABILITY TO DO THAT. 4437 02:39:20,147 --> 02:39:22,683 AND WE CAN TOTALLY USE THESE 4438 02:39:22,683 --> 02:39:24,652 SOURCES PREDICTION AND I BROUGHT 4439 02:39:24,652 --> 02:39:26,353 UP THE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 4440 02:39:26,353 --> 02:39:27,555 BECAUSE THIS IS AN IMPORTANT 4441 02:39:27,555 --> 02:39:29,456 TOPIC I RECENTLY HAD HE OFFICE 4442 02:39:29,456 --> 02:39:31,191 OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE RESEARCH 4443 02:39:31,191 --> 02:39:33,227 AT ORWH, AND I THINK THIS IS A 4444 02:39:33,227 --> 02:39:34,094 GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO WORK 4445 02:39:34,094 --> 02:39:35,229 TOGETHER TOWARD UNDERSTANDING 4446 02:39:35,229 --> 02:39:36,497 THESE COMPLEX DISEASES. 4447 02:39:36,497 --> 02:39:38,265 AGAIN AS I'M SAYING, IT'S 4448 02:39:38,265 --> 02:39:39,900 CREATING PARTNERSHIP, SO ONE 4449 02:39:39,900 --> 02:39:41,235 EXAMPLE OF THE PARTNERSHIP WE 4450 02:39:41,235 --> 02:39:43,170 HAVE RECENTLY DONE WITH NEI AND 4451 02:39:43,170 --> 02:39:46,206 OD IS THE OCULAR MAKE COMMENT 4452 02:39:46,206 --> 02:39:48,075 FUND VENTURE THAT HAS ALREADY 4453 02:39:48,075 --> 02:39:49,410 HAPPENED AND WE ARE LOOKING AT 4454 02:39:49,410 --> 02:39:52,980 THE INCOMING APPLICATION, BUT 4455 02:39:52,980 --> 02:39:54,815 THIS IS AN AMAZING OPPORTUNITY 4456 02:39:54,815 --> 02:39:58,185 BECAUSE THE CALL HAS BEEN -- HAS 4457 02:39:58,185 --> 02:40:00,487 ASKED FOR USING THE NEW 4458 02:40:00,487 --> 02:40:01,522 TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS BOTH FROM 4459 02:40:01,522 --> 02:40:04,291 THE AI AND IMAGING PERSPECTIVE 4460 02:40:04,291 --> 02:40:06,193 TO LOOK AT THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL 4461 02:40:06,193 --> 02:40:07,494 BIOMARKER OF THE SYSTEMIC 4462 02:40:07,494 --> 02:40:09,229 DISEASE FROM THE OCULAR IMAGING 4463 02:40:09,229 --> 02:40:13,934 AND OPHTHALMOLOGY POINT OF VIEW. 4464 02:40:13,934 --> 02:40:17,972 SO IN SUMMARY, AI AND IMAGING I 4465 02:40:17,972 --> 02:40:18,973 THINK WE ALL KNOW AND I HOPE 4466 02:40:18,973 --> 02:40:21,809 THAT I MADE THE CASE THAT 4467 02:40:21,809 --> 02:40:25,079 THEY'RE HAVING A RAPID GROWTH AT 4468 02:40:25,079 --> 02:40:26,480 NIH IN THE OVERALL HEALTHCARE 4469 02:40:26,480 --> 02:40:28,015 MARKET. 4470 02:40:28,015 --> 02:40:30,517 WE HAVE SEEN PROLIFERATION OF AI 4471 02:40:30,517 --> 02:40:33,554 TOOLS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND FDA 4472 02:40:33,554 --> 02:40:34,221 ALGORITHMS IN THE PAST FIVE 4473 02:40:34,221 --> 02:40:36,523 YEARS AND WE HAVE SEEN THE 4474 02:40:36,523 --> 02:40:38,258 RADIOLOGY-LED FDA GROWTH SO THE 4475 02:40:38,258 --> 02:40:39,360 QUESTION WE HAVE, DO YOU THINK 4476 02:40:39,360 --> 02:40:40,861 AND HOPEFULLY WE CAN SEE OR WILL 4477 02:40:40,861 --> 02:40:42,496 WE SEE THE GLOBAL AI GROWTH IN 4478 02:40:42,496 --> 02:40:44,398 TERMS OF OCULAR IMAGING? 4479 02:40:44,398 --> 02:40:45,666 THAT WOULD BE GREAT TO SEE, 4480 02:40:45,666 --> 02:40:48,302 BECAUSE I THINK OCULAR IMAGING, 4481 02:40:48,302 --> 02:40:49,269 ESPECIALLY NONINVASIVE AND AS 4482 02:40:49,269 --> 02:40:51,005 THE TECHNOLOGIES ARE GETTING 4483 02:40:51,005 --> 02:40:54,408 BETTER IN TERMS OF LABEL-FREE 4484 02:40:54,408 --> 02:40:57,578 PREDICTION AND LEGAL FREE 4485 02:40:57,578 --> 02:40:59,313 IMAGING AND MORE AT THE POINT OF 4486 02:40:59,313 --> 02:41:01,949 CARE, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO GET 4487 02:41:01,949 --> 02:41:03,784 THERE. 4488 02:41:03,784 --> 02:41:05,119 OBVIOUSLY THERE ARE GOING TO BE 4489 02:41:05,119 --> 02:41:05,786 MAJOR CHALLENGING. 4490 02:41:05,786 --> 02:41:07,054 SOME OF THEM ARE ACCESS TO THE 4491 02:41:07,054 --> 02:41:08,689 LARGE AND USABLE DATASET, HAVING 4492 02:41:08,689 --> 02:41:12,292 A DATA AND -- TAKING CARE OF THE 4493 02:41:12,292 --> 02:41:15,796 DATA AND ALGORITHM BIAS AND ABLE 4494 02:41:15,796 --> 02:41:17,097 TO UNDERSTAND THEM, BEING ABLE 4495 02:41:17,097 --> 02:41:19,400 TO CREATE TRUSTWORTHY AND 4496 02:41:19,400 --> 02:41:21,101 EXPLAINABLE AI AND 4497 02:41:21,101 --> 02:41:21,969 STANDARDIZATION OF THE OUT COME 4498 02:41:21,969 --> 02:41:22,970 MEASURES AS WELL AS THE 4499 02:41:22,970 --> 02:41:25,139 REGULATORY CLEARANCE, CLINICAL 4500 02:41:25,139 --> 02:41:27,975 ADAPTATION AND AS I MENTIONED 4501 02:41:27,975 --> 02:41:28,842 GOING BEYOND SPECIFIC EYE 4502 02:41:28,842 --> 02:41:30,177 DISEASE, THESE ARE SOME OF THE 4503 02:41:30,177 --> 02:41:31,278 CHALLENGES WE WANT TO LOOK INTO. 4504 02:41:31,278 --> 02:41:32,680 THE GOOD NEWS IS WE HAVE A 4505 02:41:32,680 --> 02:41:32,946 SOLUTION. 4506 02:41:32,946 --> 02:41:34,515 WE ARE TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN, AND 4507 02:41:34,515 --> 02:41:35,616 ONCE THE ENGINEERS KNOW WHAT ARE 4508 02:41:35,616 --> 02:41:38,218 THE NEED, WE CAN GO AHEAD AND 4509 02:41:38,218 --> 02:41:38,552 WORK TOGETHER. 4510 02:41:38,552 --> 02:41:40,821 SO I THINK EXPANDING THE 4511 02:41:40,821 --> 02:41:41,822 ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE 4512 02:41:41,822 --> 02:41:42,456 PARTNERSHIP BECOMES VERY 4513 02:41:42,456 --> 02:41:43,757 IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF OCULAR 4514 02:41:43,757 --> 02:41:45,526 IMAGING TECHNOLOGY TOWARD 4515 02:41:45,526 --> 02:41:49,329 SYSTEMIC DISEASE, AND TEC 4516 02:41:49,329 --> 02:41:50,864 TECH-DRIVEN IMAGING TECHNOLOGY, 4517 02:41:50,864 --> 02:41:51,732 OUR ULTIMATE USE CASE. 4518 02:41:51,732 --> 02:41:55,135 SO WE CAN USE THE MIDRC-LIKE 4519 02:41:55,135 --> 02:41:58,072 DATA REPOSITORY, WHO HAVE 4520 02:41:58,072 --> 02:42:01,408 EXPANDED BEYOND ONE DISEASE AND 4521 02:42:01,408 --> 02:42:02,710 ONE SPECIFIC DISEASE, INCLUSION 4522 02:42:02,710 --> 02:42:04,611 OF THE OCULAR DATA IN THESE 4523 02:42:04,611 --> 02:42:07,014 MODELS AND VALIDATE THE 4524 02:42:07,014 --> 02:42:07,514 ALGORITHM. 4525 02:42:07,514 --> 02:42:09,149 WE REALLY NEED DIFFERENT 4526 02:42:09,149 --> 02:42:11,985 SOCIETIES TO GET TOGETHER, WE 4527 02:42:11,985 --> 02:42:14,254 NEED TO WORK TOGETHER, ALL OF 4528 02:42:14,254 --> 02:42:17,224 US, NEI, WE SHOULD WORK TOGETHER 4529 02:42:17,224 --> 02:42:19,059 TO REALLY PUSH THIS FORWARD 4530 02:42:19,059 --> 02:42:20,060 BECAUSE THESE INVESTMENTS ARE 4531 02:42:20,060 --> 02:42:21,161 VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE HAVE A 4532 02:42:21,161 --> 02:42:22,830 NEW TECH, WE WANT TO INVEST IN 4533 02:42:22,830 --> 02:42:24,398 THE NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 4534 02:42:24,398 --> 02:42:26,600 EPT BRE NEWERSHIP AND CLINICAL 4535 02:42:26,600 --> 02:42:28,302 TRANSLATION AS WELL AS THE 4536 02:42:28,302 --> 02:42:29,636 TRAINING, AND THIS IS WHERE WE 4537 02:42:29,636 --> 02:42:30,971 CAN CREATE THIS SORT OF 4538 02:42:30,971 --> 02:42:31,305 PARTNERSHIP. 4539 02:42:31,305 --> 02:42:33,140 I HAVE SOME EXAMPLE HERE IN 4540 02:42:33,140 --> 02:42:41,115 TERMS OF OCULOMIBG, AI THROUGH 4541 02:42:41,115 --> 02:42:42,983 THE OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE, 4542 02:42:42,983 --> 02:42:43,317 ODSS. 4543 02:42:43,317 --> 02:42:45,719 WITH THAT, I HOPE THAT WE CAN 4544 02:42:45,719 --> 02:42:47,588 WORK TOGETHER TO BRING THIS TO 4545 02:42:47,588 --> 02:42:51,024 THE NEXT STEP AND BE ABLE TO USE 4546 02:42:51,024 --> 02:42:52,726 THE EYE AS A WINDOW TO THE 4547 02:42:52,726 --> 02:42:53,560 SYSTEMIC DISEASES. 4548 02:42:53,560 --> 02:42:55,229 SOME OF THE MOST COMPLEX 4549 02:42:55,229 --> 02:42:55,696 DISEASES. 4550 02:42:55,696 --> 02:42:57,064 I KNOW IT'S A LOT OF WORK BUT I 4551 02:42:57,064 --> 02:42:59,032 THINK IF WE BRING THE GOVERNMENT 4552 02:42:59,032 --> 02:43:00,567 AND INDUSTRY AND SOCIETIES 4553 02:43:00,567 --> 02:43:02,970 TOGETHER AS WE HAVE SHOWN IN THE 4554 02:43:02,970 --> 02:43:04,571 MIDRC EXAMPLE, WE WOULD BE ABLE 4555 02:43:04,571 --> 02:43:07,775 TO MOVE THIS FORWARD. 4556 02:43:07,775 --> 02:43:09,409 THANK YOU, AND I WILL TAKE ANY 4557 02:43:09,409 --> 02:43:15,549 QUESTIONS YOU MIGHT HAVE. 4558 02:43:15,549 --> 02:43:17,184 >> AFROUZ, THANK YOU. 4559 02:43:17,184 --> 02:43:18,619 SO QUESTIONS SPECIFIC TO AFROUZ 4560 02:43:18,619 --> 02:43:26,260 HERE, COMMENTS? 4561 02:43:26,260 --> 02:43:28,328 I HA 4562 02:43:28,328 --> 02:43:30,197 >> I HAVE A GENERAL QUESTION. 4563 02:43:30,197 --> 02:43:32,699 IS OPHTHALMOLOGY THE BEST IN AI 4564 02:43:32,699 --> 02:43:35,469 IMAGING? 4565 02:43:35,469 --> 02:43:36,203 >> I THINK IT IS. 4566 02:43:36,203 --> 02:43:40,107 >> I MEAN, I ALWAYS LECTURE 4567 02:43:40,107 --> 02:43:41,875 THAT, THAT THEY LEAD, BUT IS 4568 02:43:41,875 --> 02:43:45,879 IT -- I MEAN, WE SEE LOTS OF 4569 02:43:45,879 --> 02:43:48,849 STUFF FROM RADIOLOGY, CHESS CHET 4570 02:43:48,849 --> 02:43:52,019 COMPLAISX-RAYS AND THINGS LIKE T 4571 02:43:52,019 --> 02:43:54,555 THAT'S A CULTURE THAT'S 4572 02:43:54,555 --> 02:43:57,391 EXCLUSIVELY IMAGING PER SE. 4573 02:43:57,391 --> 02:43:59,326 BUT JUST CURIOUS, YOU TALK 4574 02:43:59,326 --> 02:44:01,428 INTERACTING, WHERE ARE YOUR 4575 02:44:01,428 --> 02:44:02,563 BIGGEST INTERACTIONS RIGHT NOW? 4576 02:44:02,563 --> 02:44:04,598 >> OKAY, SO IN TERMS OF MY 4577 02:44:04,598 --> 02:44:06,133 BACKGROUND IS OPTICAL IMAGING 4578 02:44:06,133 --> 02:44:07,301 AND SPECTROSCOPY, AND I KNOW 4579 02:44:07,301 --> 02:44:09,937 THAT THERE ARE A LOT OF DEVICES 4580 02:44:09,937 --> 02:44:10,938 DESIGNED IN TERMS OF JUST 4581 02:44:10,938 --> 02:44:12,272 IMAGING THAT IS HAPPENING IN 4582 02:44:12,272 --> 02:44:13,473 THAT NATURE. 4583 02:44:13,473 --> 02:44:14,675 THERE ARE TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE 4584 02:44:14,675 --> 02:44:17,644 BEING DEVELOPED INTO POINT OF 4585 02:44:17,644 --> 02:44:19,079 CARE ASSAYS THAT FOR EXAMPLE CAN 4586 02:44:19,079 --> 02:44:21,114 LOOK AT THE PROTEOMIC AND 4587 02:44:21,114 --> 02:44:22,516 GENOMIC DATA AS WELL AS THE 4588 02:44:22,516 --> 02:44:22,850 IMAGING DATA. 4589 02:44:22,850 --> 02:44:26,386 SO I THINK THE FIRST STEP IS TO 4590 02:44:26,386 --> 02:44:28,455 HAVE AND LOOK AT THE 4591 02:44:28,455 --> 02:44:30,524 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA. 4592 02:44:30,524 --> 02:44:32,926 MAYBE INCLUSION OF THE OTHER 4593 02:44:32,926 --> 02:44:34,127 DATA TO FIRST UNDERSTAND WHAT 4594 02:44:34,127 --> 02:44:35,796 ARE THESE BIOMARKERS THAT WE ARE 4595 02:44:35,796 --> 02:44:37,431 SEEING IN TERMS OF LIKE 4596 02:44:37,431 --> 02:44:39,066 OCULOMIBG DATA, AND ONCE WE HAVE 4597 02:44:39,066 --> 02:44:42,002 A MODEL TO PREDICT THIS RISK OF 4598 02:44:42,002 --> 02:44:43,470 DISEASE, WE MIGHT NOT NEED ALL 4599 02:44:43,470 --> 02:44:47,608 OF THE IMAGING DATA TOGETHER, WE 4600 02:44:47,608 --> 02:44:49,576 CAN JUST FOCUS ON ONE AND SAY IF 4601 02:44:49,576 --> 02:44:51,678 WE SEE LET'S SAY FIVE DIFFERENT 4602 02:44:51,678 --> 02:44:54,748 OBSTETRICAL BIOMARK NER TERMS OF 4603 02:44:54,748 --> 02:44:57,384 ELASTICITY, IN TERMS OF 4604 02:44:57,384 --> 02:45:00,287 COLLAGEN, CHANGE OF THICKNESS, 4605 02:45:00,287 --> 02:45:03,323 FUNCTIONAL, LOOK INTO 4606 02:45:03,323 --> 02:45:05,525 MITOCHONDRIAL -- AND CHANGE THE 4607 02:45:05,525 --> 02:45:07,261 CELL ENVIRONMENT THAT YOU CAN 4608 02:45:07,261 --> 02:45:09,096 GET, YOU CAN SAY AS WE CORRELATE 4609 02:45:09,096 --> 02:45:10,864 THAT WITH THE PROTEOMIC AND 4610 02:45:10,864 --> 02:45:12,733 GENOMIC, NOW WE KNOW WHAT 4611 02:45:12,733 --> 02:45:16,036 TOTALLY MAKES SENSE IN CONTEXT 4612 02:45:16,036 --> 02:45:18,438 OF THIS CERTAIN DISEASE. 4613 02:45:18,438 --> 02:45:23,577 SO I BELIEVE PERSONALLY THAT I 4614 02:45:23,577 --> 02:45:24,878 CAN PRODUCE THAT DATA, BUT WE 4615 02:45:24,878 --> 02:45:26,513 NEED A LOT OF INFORMATION SUCH 4616 02:45:26,513 --> 02:45:28,081 AS EHR AT THE BEGINNING, AT 4617 02:45:28,081 --> 02:45:30,017 LEAST, AND YOU NEED A LOT OF 4618 02:45:30,017 --> 02:45:32,452 INFORMATION IN TERMS OF GENOMIC 4619 02:45:32,452 --> 02:45:34,087 AND -- TO ACTUALLY HAVE A GOOD 4620 02:45:34,087 --> 02:45:42,629 PREDICTIVE MODEL. 4621 02:45:42,629 --> 02:45:46,099 >> AFUSE, I HA 4622 02:45:46,667 --> 02:45:55,008 >> AFUSE VICTOR, I'M SORRY IF IT 4623 02:45:55,008 --> 02:45:56,009 YOU OFF. 4624 02:45:56,009 --> 02:45:59,046 AS HAVING THE FIRST FDA-APPROVED 4625 02:45:59,046 --> 02:46:01,381 AUTONOMOUS AI SYSTEM, WHICH YOU 4626 02:46:01,381 --> 02:46:02,582 SORTED HIGHLIGHTED THERE, BUT 4627 02:46:02,582 --> 02:46:06,119 YOU ALSO SHOWED THIS SLIDE OF 4628 02:46:06,119 --> 02:46:09,156 THE NUMBER OF CURRENT 4629 02:46:09,156 --> 02:46:13,493 FDA-APPROVED AI SYSTEMS IN 2024 4630 02:46:13,493 --> 02:46:15,262 AND RADIOLOGY IS NUMBER ONE BY A 4631 02:46:15,262 --> 02:46:17,331 PRETTY WIDE MARGIN. 4632 02:46:17,331 --> 02:46:20,100 AND AS I REMEMBER, I THINK WE'RE 4633 02:46:20,100 --> 02:46:20,634 NUMBER SIX. 4634 02:46:20,634 --> 02:46:22,235 WHICH DIDN'T MAKE IT ON TO YOUR 4635 02:46:22,235 --> 02:46:23,470 SLIDE BECAUSE I THINK IT ONLY 4636 02:46:23,470 --> 02:46:27,941 COVERED FOUR THINGS. 4637 02:46:27,941 --> 02:46:29,443 AND THE WAY THAT I SOMETIMES 4638 02:46:29,443 --> 02:46:32,446 LOOK AT IT IS THAT WE STARTED 4639 02:46:32,446 --> 02:46:34,081 OUT EARLY PRETTY FAST OUT OF THE 4640 02:46:34,081 --> 02:46:39,019 GATES, AND NOW RADIOLOGY HAS 4641 02:46:39,019 --> 02:46:40,620 DONE A LOT MORE IN THE PAST FIVE 4642 02:46:40,620 --> 02:46:42,055 YEARS. 4643 02:46:42,055 --> 02:46:45,125 AND DO YOU HAVE A SENSE OF WHAT 4644 02:46:45,125 --> 02:46:48,929 IS HAPPENING OR WHAT CAN WE BE 4645 02:46:48,929 --> 02:46:50,697 DOING, WHAT ARE THEY DOING THAT 4646 02:46:50,697 --> 02:46:52,566 WE'RE NOT DOING IN THAT 4647 02:46:52,566 --> 02:46:52,833 COMMUNITY? 4648 02:46:52,833 --> 02:46:54,534 >> I WISH CHRIS WAS HERE BECAUSE 4649 02:46:54,534 --> 02:46:56,503 HE COULD ANSWER THAT WAY BETTER 4650 02:46:56,503 --> 02:46:57,804 THAN I'M GOING TO DO. 4651 02:46:57,804 --> 02:47:00,240 I THINK CONNECTION WITH THE 4652 02:47:00,240 --> 02:47:02,776 SOCIETIES AND BRINGING SOCIETIES 4653 02:47:02,776 --> 02:47:04,144 INTO THE PICTURE IS A GREAT 4654 02:47:04,144 --> 02:47:04,444 OPPORTUNITY. 4655 02:47:04,444 --> 02:47:08,348 YOU WANT TO HAVE A 4656 02:47:08,348 --> 02:47:09,216 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN APPROACH AND 4657 02:47:09,216 --> 02:47:10,617 THAT'S WHERE YOU WENT. 4658 02:47:10,617 --> 02:47:12,419 I THINK A LOT OF TIME WHAT 4659 02:47:12,419 --> 02:47:16,089 HAPPENS IS IN TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN, 4660 02:47:16,089 --> 02:47:17,324 LIKE FOR EXAMPLE, LIKE LET'S SAY 4661 02:47:17,324 --> 02:47:19,693 OPTICAL IMAGING, WE ALL WORK IN 4662 02:47:19,693 --> 02:47:21,561 OUR OWN SILOS, WE ARE NOT REALLY 4663 02:47:21,561 --> 02:47:23,296 CONNECTED TO PHYSICIANS AND WE 4664 02:47:23,296 --> 02:47:26,700 ARE NOT REALLY CONNECTED TO 4665 02:47:26,700 --> 02:47:28,135 MEDICAL PRACTITIONER TO FULLY 4666 02:47:28,135 --> 02:47:29,436 UNDERSTAND WHAT ARE THE NEEDS. 4667 02:47:29,436 --> 02:47:30,904 SO WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY, BUT 4668 02:47:30,904 --> 02:47:31,972 WE DON'T KNOW WHERE THAT'S 4669 02:47:31,972 --> 02:47:32,372 GOING. 4670 02:47:32,372 --> 02:47:35,575 AND ALSO CREATION OF THE 4671 02:47:35,575 --> 02:47:36,209 STANDARD. 4672 02:47:36,209 --> 02:47:38,078 SO I THINK BRINGING THE 4673 02:47:38,078 --> 02:47:39,279 SOCIETIES TOGETHER TO WORK ON A 4674 02:47:39,279 --> 02:47:40,047 SPECIFIC STANDARD NEEDED FOR 4675 02:47:40,047 --> 02:47:43,216 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE OR LOOKED 4676 02:47:43,216 --> 02:47:44,851 AT, ALONG WITH THE PARTNERSHIP, 4677 02:47:44,851 --> 02:47:46,286 WITH THE MEDICINE AND 4678 02:47:46,286 --> 02:47:47,821 TECHNOLOGIES, I THINK THAT IS 4679 02:47:47,821 --> 02:47:52,626 GOING TO BE VERY, VERY USEFUL. 4680 02:47:52,626 --> 02:47:59,866 >> AFROUZ -- REZA, PLEASE. 4681 02:47:59,866 --> 02:48:02,235 >> REZA DANA, BOSTON. 4682 02:48:02,235 --> 02:48:03,470 I'M NOT AN AI SPECIALIST, BUT I 4683 02:48:03,470 --> 02:48:06,239 DO THINK ABOUT ANALYZING DATA 4684 02:48:06,239 --> 02:48:10,010 ALL THE TIME, AND I THINK 4685 02:48:10,010 --> 02:48:11,812 PERHAPS TO STATE THE OBVIOUS, 4686 02:48:11,812 --> 02:48:12,846 ONE OF THE CRITICAL ASPECTS OF 4687 02:48:12,846 --> 02:48:15,916 ANY AI SYSTEM WILL BE ACCESS TO 4688 02:48:15,916 --> 02:48:18,885 LARGE AMOUNTS OF RELIABLE 4689 02:48:18,885 --> 02:48:19,653 NORMATIVE DATA. 4690 02:48:19,653 --> 02:48:21,822 SO THAT'S THE REAL CHALLENGE, 4691 02:48:21,822 --> 02:48:24,458 BECAUSE LIKE IN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL 4692 02:48:24,458 --> 02:48:27,294 STUDIES, WE OFTEN, LET'S SEE, 4693 02:48:27,294 --> 02:48:29,029 LET'S SAY WE DO A LIQUID BIOPSY 4694 02:48:29,029 --> 02:48:31,031 AND YOU LOOK AT THE PATIENT 4695 02:48:31,031 --> 02:48:32,532 HAVING CATARACT SURGERY WITH OR 4696 02:48:32,532 --> 02:48:34,401 WITHOUT, LET'S SAY, DIABETIC RET 4697 02:48:34,401 --> 02:48:39,439 NOP THEEL OR SOME TUMOR OR XYZ, 4698 02:48:39,439 --> 02:48:40,774 BUT IN FACT EVEN WHEN YOU LOOK 4699 02:48:40,774 --> 02:48:42,275 AT THE CATARACT PATIENT, THEY'RE 4700 02:48:42,275 --> 02:48:43,610 NOT ENTIRELY NORMAL. 4701 02:48:43,610 --> 02:48:44,878 THERE ARE MULTIPLE THINGS THAT 4702 02:48:44,878 --> 02:48:46,446 ARE NOT NORMAL ABOUT THEM. 4703 02:48:46,446 --> 02:48:51,585 ARE THERE WAYS OF EXTRACTING 4704 02:48:51,585 --> 02:48:54,087 THAT DATA US JUST LOOKING AT THE 4705 02:48:54,087 --> 02:48:56,423 DELTA. 4706 02:48:56,423 --> 02:48:58,024 BUT I THINK TO THE EXTENT THAT 4707 02:48:58,024 --> 02:49:00,360 FOR EXAMPLE THERE WERE A LOT OF 4708 02:49:00,360 --> 02:49:01,528 AI SYSTEMS BEING APLAYED TO 4709 02:49:01,528 --> 02:49:02,195 PATHOLOGY AS WELL. 4710 02:49:02,195 --> 02:49:03,830 IN GENERAL RADIOLOGY, THE 4711 02:49:03,830 --> 02:49:07,434 GENERAL PROPORTION OF NEGATIVES 4712 02:49:07,434 --> 02:49:10,070 TO DISEASE SAMPLES IS HIGHER 4713 02:49:10,070 --> 02:49:11,938 THAN, LET SAY, OCTs IN 4714 02:49:11,938 --> 02:49:12,906 OPHTHALMOLOGY OR FUNDUS 4715 02:49:12,906 --> 02:49:14,441 PHOTOGRAPHS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. 4716 02:49:14,441 --> 02:49:15,742 OR CORNEA PHOTOGRAPHS IN 4717 02:49:15,742 --> 02:49:16,176 OPHTHALMOLOGY. 4718 02:49:16,176 --> 02:49:20,547 SO WE TEND TO MOSTLY IMAGE 4719 02:49:20,547 --> 02:49:21,948 CLEARCUT DISEASE PLUS MANY OTHER 4720 02:49:21,948 --> 02:49:23,316 FIELDS HAVE A LOT MORE 4721 02:49:23,316 --> 02:49:24,351 INFORMATION ON NON-DISEASE 4722 02:49:24,351 --> 02:49:24,618 SUBJECTS. 4723 02:49:24,618 --> 02:49:25,719 SO I THINK WE NEED TO THINK 4724 02:49:25,719 --> 02:49:28,655 ABOUT THAT AS WELL TO REALLY 4725 02:49:28,655 --> 02:49:34,594 SHARPEN OUR DIAGNOSTIC ACUMEN. 4726 02:49:34,594 --> 02:49:38,498 >> REZA, THANK YOU. 4727 02:49:38,498 --> 02:49:39,599 AND I'VE OFTEN WONDERED, IS THAT 4728 02:49:39,599 --> 02:49:41,001 AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PARTNERSHIP 4729 02:49:41,001 --> 02:49:42,435 WITH OPTOMETRY OR PRIMARY CARE 4730 02:49:42,435 --> 02:49:45,605 WHO MAY BE SEEING SOME MORE 4731 02:49:45,605 --> 02:49:47,240 NORMALS. 4732 02:49:47,240 --> 02:49:49,309 AND LET'S -- LET ME SUGGEST WE 4733 02:49:49,309 --> 02:49:51,845 TAKE ONE MORE THAT'S 4734 02:49:51,845 --> 02:49:53,079 AFROUZ-SPECIFIC. 4735 02:49:53,079 --> 02:49:54,247 MAUREEN, I SEE YOUR HAPPENED UP 4736 02:49:54,247 --> 02:49:57,384 HAND UP INZOOM. 4737 02:49:57,384 --> 02:49:58,652 >> YES, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4738 02:49:58,652 --> 02:50:00,754 EARLIER THIS MORNING, WE WERE 4739 02:50:00,754 --> 02:50:03,757 TALKING ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF 4740 02:50:03,757 --> 02:50:07,060 GETTING EYE CARE INTO PRIMARY 4741 02:50:07,060 --> 02:50:09,462 CARE, AND I'M WONDERING HOW FAR 4742 02:50:09,462 --> 02:50:12,966 OFF DO YOU THINK WE ARE PERHAPS 4743 02:50:12,966 --> 02:50:16,670 FROM A PRIMARY CARE POSITION 4744 02:50:16,670 --> 02:50:24,678 WHILE THEY'RE OR THERRING A O TA 4745 02:50:24,678 --> 02:50:25,545 LIPID PANEL, GETTING A BATTERY 4746 02:50:25,545 --> 02:50:27,080 OF TESTS DONE WITH ONE MACHINE 4747 02:50:27,080 --> 02:50:28,148 THAT WOULD GIVE US INFORMATION 4748 02:50:28,148 --> 02:50:30,584 ON NOT ONLY OCULAR DISEASE BUT 4749 02:50:30,584 --> 02:50:34,421 SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS. 4750 02:50:34,421 --> 02:50:36,323 ARE WE 10 YEARS AWAY, 50? 4751 02:50:36,323 --> 02:50:39,125 >> SOME OF IT IS OUT OF MY HAND 4752 02:50:39,125 --> 02:50:41,094 TO PREDICT. 4753 02:50:41,094 --> 02:50:43,063 DEPENDS ON THE, YOU KNOW, 4754 02:50:43,063 --> 02:50:45,165 REGULAR TRI APPROVAL, SO ON, SO 4755 02:50:45,165 --> 02:50:46,233 FORTH, BUT IN TERMS OF 4756 02:50:46,233 --> 02:50:47,567 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, I THINK 4757 02:50:47,567 --> 02:50:49,836 WE ARE -- MY GUESS IS FIVE YEARS 4758 02:50:49,836 --> 02:50:50,537 AWAY. 4759 02:50:50,537 --> 02:50:51,605 WE ARE NOT THAT FAR AWAY IN 4760 02:50:51,605 --> 02:50:53,139 TERMS OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. 4761 02:50:53,139 --> 02:50:54,341 NOW THERE'S A SIDE OF THE 4762 02:50:54,341 --> 02:50:55,775 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND THE 4763 02:50:55,775 --> 02:50:57,310 SIDE OF, LIKE, GETTING IT 4764 02:50:57,310 --> 02:50:59,145 ACTUALLY TO CLINICAL APPROVAL, 4765 02:50:59,145 --> 02:51:01,815 LET'S SAY ADD ANOTHER FIVE 4766 02:51:01,815 --> 02:51:05,318 YEARS, SO MY ESTIMATE, MY 4767 02:51:05,318 --> 02:51:06,319 OPTIMISTIC ESTIMATE IS ABOUT 10 4768 02:51:06,319 --> 02:51:07,487 YEARS AS YOU MENTIONED. 4769 02:51:07,487 --> 02:51:09,256 AND I'M VERY HOPEFUL BECAUSE WE 4770 02:51:09,256 --> 02:51:10,690 ARE ALREADY HAVING THE 4771 02:51:10,690 --> 02:51:11,992 TECHNOLOGIES, AGAIN, AT THE 4772 02:51:11,992 --> 02:51:17,230 POIND OF CPOINT OF CARE, THEY CT 4773 02:51:17,230 --> 02:51:18,798 DIFFERENT BIOMARKERS, ASSAYS 4774 02:51:18,798 --> 02:51:20,400 THAT CAN BE USED. 4775 02:51:20,400 --> 02:51:22,702 A LOT OF -- AND I KNOW THIS IS A 4776 02:51:22,702 --> 02:51:27,140 TOPIC THAT DOESN'T BE BROUGHT UP 4777 02:51:27,140 --> 02:51:29,175 A LOT, BUT QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES 4778 02:51:29,175 --> 02:51:30,810 AND QUANTUM SENSING IS REALLY 4779 02:51:30,810 --> 02:51:32,545 CLOSE TO LOOKING AT THIS ASSAY 4780 02:51:32,545 --> 02:51:35,315 THAT CAN DETECT THE MOLECULE AND 4781 02:51:35,315 --> 02:51:37,050 PROTEINS AT A SINK EL CELL LEVEL 4782 02:51:37,050 --> 02:51:39,252 AND AT THE POINT OF CARE. 4783 02:51:39,252 --> 02:51:42,088 SO THESE ARE THE EXCITING 4784 02:51:42,088 --> 02:51:43,189 OPPORTUNITIES THAT WE HAVE, AND 4785 02:51:43,189 --> 02:51:44,291 AGAIN THE PARTNERSHIP AND 4786 02:51:44,291 --> 02:51:46,359 UNDERSTANDING WHAT ARE THE 4787 02:51:46,359 --> 02:51:50,530 NEEDS, HOW CAN WE USE THIS 4788 02:51:50,530 --> 02:51:51,231 TECHNOLOGY TOWARD THIS BIG NEED 4789 02:51:51,231 --> 02:51:52,866 THAT ENGINEERS ARE NOT AWARE OF, 4790 02:51:52,866 --> 02:51:56,036 I THINK THAT'S A VERY IMPORTANT 4791 02:51:56,036 --> 02:51:57,337 AREA THAT I THINK WE NEED TO 4792 02:51:57,337 --> 02:51:58,038 FOCUS ON. 4793 02:51:58,038 --> 02:52:00,874 >> AFROUZ, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4794 02:52:00,874 --> 02:52:07,947 [APPLAUSE] 4795 02:52:07,947 --> 02:52:09,115 WE HAVE UNTIL THE TOP OF THE 4796 02:52:09,115 --> 02:52:10,050 HOUR FOR A DISCUSSION THAT 4797 02:52:10,050 --> 02:52:13,787 REALLY FOCUSES ON WHAT VINU AND 4798 02:52:13,787 --> 02:52:16,289 AFROUZ SAID SYNTHETICALLY. 4799 02:52:16,289 --> 02:52:18,525 AND I MEAN, MY GUESS IS THAT -- 4800 02:52:18,525 --> 02:52:19,693 IT LOOKS TO ME LIKE A COUPLE OF 4801 02:52:19,693 --> 02:52:21,227 YOU ARE CHOMPING AT THE BIT TO 4802 02:52:21,227 --> 02:52:24,197 PUSH THE BUTTON, BUT -- WHICH IS 4803 02:52:24,197 --> 02:52:25,065 FANTASTIC. 4804 02:52:25,065 --> 02:52:27,400 BUT LET ME JUST SUGGEST THAT IF 4805 02:52:27,400 --> 02:52:31,538 I CAN SUMMARIZE WHAT I HEARD, 4806 02:52:31,538 --> 02:52:34,841 THERE'S MULTIMODAL AI LARGELY 4807 02:52:34,841 --> 02:52:38,745 FOCUSED ON PROTEOMIC DATA, AND 4808 02:52:38,745 --> 02:52:46,086 WE HEARD ABOUT IMAGE-BASED DATA, 4809 02:52:46,086 --> 02:52:47,520 AND AI AND OTHER STUFF. 4810 02:52:47,520 --> 02:52:49,456 SO OBVIOUSLY ONE TOPIC I WOULD 4811 02:52:49,456 --> 02:52:52,992 LOVE TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT 4812 02:52:52,992 --> 02:52:55,061 IS WHAT'S AT THE INTERSECTION OF 4813 02:52:55,061 --> 02:52:58,998 THESE TWO AREAS. 4814 02:52:58,998 --> 02:53:03,470 ANOTHER THING THAT I HEARD IS 4815 02:53:03,470 --> 02:53:07,440 GETTING THE BEST PEOPLE 4816 02:53:07,440 --> 02:53:09,075 INTERESTED IN THIS AREA. 4817 02:53:09,075 --> 02:53:09,943 AFROUZ, ONE OF THE LAST THINGS 4818 02:53:09,943 --> 02:53:10,710 YOU SAID. 4819 02:53:10,710 --> 02:53:12,145 ANOTHER THING THAT I HEARD IS 4820 02:53:12,145 --> 02:53:15,849 GETTING THE BEST TRAINING DATA 4821 02:53:15,849 --> 02:53:17,817 IN THERE AND ONE THING REZA 4822 02:53:17,817 --> 02:53:21,755 MENTIONED IS DEEMED EXAMPLES AS 4823 02:53:21,755 --> 02:53:24,090 WELL AS MORE NORMAL EXAMPLE EXS 4824 02:53:24,090 --> 02:53:25,592 REPRESENTING THE WHOLE SPECTRUM. 4825 02:53:25,592 --> 02:53:27,227 ANOTHER ISSUE WAS THE REGULATORY 4826 02:53:27,227 --> 02:53:28,995 ISSUE, LIKE HOW DO WE GET -- GO 4827 02:53:28,995 --> 02:53:33,266 FROM RESEARCH INTO THE REAL 4828 02:53:33,266 --> 02:53:34,701 WORLD APPLICATION, AND SOMETHING 4829 02:53:34,701 --> 02:53:35,935 THAT SOUNDS LIKE YOU'RE DOING 4830 02:53:35,935 --> 02:53:36,703 REALLY WELL IN YOUR COMMUNITY. 4831 02:53:36,703 --> 02:53:38,438 I'LL JUST GIVE ONE ANECDOTE, IS 4832 02:53:38,438 --> 02:53:40,273 THAT BACK WHEN I WAS AN 4833 02:53:40,273 --> 02:53:42,909 ACADEMIC, WE WORKED ON AN AI 4834 02:53:42,909 --> 02:53:45,211 PROJECT FOR A PEDIATRIC EYE 4835 02:53:45,211 --> 02:53:48,081 DISEASE, AND TOOK TO THE FDA 4836 02:53:48,081 --> 02:53:49,649 AFTER WORKING ON IT FOR, YOU 4837 02:53:49,649 --> 02:53:52,452 KNOW, QUITE A FEW YEARS. 4838 02:53:52,452 --> 02:53:53,653 AND ONE OF THE THINGS THEY SAID 4839 02:53:53,653 --> 02:53:55,522 IS, OH, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN GREAT 4840 02:53:55,522 --> 02:53:56,523 IF YOU TALKED TO US EARLIER. 4841 02:53:56,523 --> 02:54:00,026 WE COULD HAVE ADVISED ON HOW TO 4842 02:54:00,026 --> 02:54:01,127 DESIGN YOUR STUDY. 4843 02:54:01,127 --> 02:54:01,895 FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, I WANT TO 4844 02:54:01,895 --> 02:54:03,463 MAKE SURE THAT WE CAN CONNECT 4845 02:54:03,463 --> 02:54:04,864 THOSE DOTS EARLY SO WE DON'T 4846 02:54:04,864 --> 02:54:10,370 HAVE WASTED EFFORT, QUOTE -- ON 4847 02:54:10,370 --> 02:54:12,639 DESIGNING STUDIES THAT DON'T 4848 02:54:12,639 --> 02:54:15,608 MEET REGULATORY CORRECT DESIGN. 4849 02:54:15,608 --> 02:54:17,477 AND SO I WOULD BE -- ANY OF 4850 02:54:17,477 --> 02:54:19,012 THOSE TOPICS, I THINK WHAT CAN 4851 02:54:19,012 --> 02:54:22,515 WE BE DOING TO ADVANCE THE 4852 02:54:22,515 --> 02:54:24,617 COMMUNITY MORE RAPIDLY, MORE 4853 02:54:24,617 --> 02:54:25,585 EFFICIENTLY, AND JUST WHAT ARE 4854 02:54:25,585 --> 02:54:26,119 THESE OPPORTUNITIES. 4855 02:54:26,119 --> 02:54:27,120 SO JUST WITH THAT, THOSE ARE 4856 02:54:27,120 --> 02:54:28,555 SOME OF MY THOUGHTS. 4857 02:54:28,555 --> 02:54:29,656 BUT PLEASE, ANY COMMENTS OR 4858 02:54:29,656 --> 02:54:40,133 QUESTIONS THAT PEOPLE HAVE. 4859 02:54:42,302 --> 02:54:44,003 >> I'LL MAKE A COMMENT 4860 02:54:44,003 --> 02:54:46,272 SPECIFICALLY WHAT YOU JUST 4861 02:54:46,272 --> 02:54:48,808 RAISED, MIKE. 4862 02:54:48,808 --> 02:54:49,909 ONE THING THAT'S BEEN 4863 02:54:49,909 --> 02:54:52,212 INTERESTING SINCE I'VE BEEN AT 4864 02:54:52,212 --> 02:54:53,947 STANFORD ARE SPECIFIC FUNDING 4865 02:54:53,947 --> 02:54:56,950 MECHANISMS THAT REQUIRE TWO 4866 02:54:56,950 --> 02:54:58,918 FACULTY FROM DIFFERENT 4867 02:54:58,918 --> 02:55:01,521 DEPARTMENTS. 4868 02:55:01,521 --> 02:55:03,056 WITH THE SPECIFIC INTENTION OF 4869 02:55:03,056 --> 02:55:03,723 BRINGING TWO DIFFERENT 4870 02:55:03,723 --> 02:55:06,359 APPROACHES OR TWO DIFFERENT 4871 02:55:06,359 --> 02:55:07,760 PEOPLE WHERE THE MASHUP IS 4872 02:55:07,760 --> 02:55:09,729 PRETTY INTERESTING, BUT THERE'S 4873 02:55:09,729 --> 02:55:12,365 THAT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT THAT 4874 02:55:12,365 --> 02:55:14,000 THERE'S TWO TECHNOLOGIES COMING 4875 02:55:14,000 --> 02:55:15,435 TOGETHER, AND THAT'S BEEN 4876 02:55:15,435 --> 02:55:18,404 SUCCESSFUL AT BRINGING -- WE 4877 02:55:18,404 --> 02:55:19,706 TALKED ABOUT MULTI-OMICS AND 4878 02:55:19,706 --> 02:55:21,241 DIFFERENT KINDS OF THINGS 4879 02:55:21,241 --> 02:55:22,809 TOGETHER OR BRINGING CLINICIANS 4880 02:55:22,809 --> 02:55:26,412 AND SCIENTISTS TOGETHER OR 4881 02:55:26,412 --> 02:55:27,113 BRINGING DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS 4882 02:55:27,113 --> 02:55:31,918 TOGETHER. 4883 02:55:31,918 --> 02:55:36,956 >> VINU, THANK YOU. 4884 02:55:36,956 --> 02:55:39,559 >> WHEN I WAS LISTENING TO THE 4885 02:55:39,559 --> 02:55:40,426 CONVERSATION, THE FIRST THING I 4886 02:55:40,426 --> 02:55:42,729 THOUGHT OF IS WITH THE 4887 02:55:42,729 --> 02:55:43,630 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MULTI-OMICS, 4888 02:55:43,630 --> 02:55:45,365 IS WHERE IS THE 4889 02:55:45,365 --> 02:55:46,466 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN RESEARCH 4890 02:55:46,466 --> 02:55:46,799 GOING? 4891 02:55:46,799 --> 02:55:49,035 AND ARE WE TRAINING YOUNG 4892 02:55:49,035 --> 02:55:50,637 SCIENTISTS TO STILL HAVE A 4893 02:55:50,637 --> 02:55:51,871 HYPOTHESIS BEFORE THEY EMBARK ON 4894 02:55:51,871 --> 02:55:54,474 THEIR OMICS STUDY? 4895 02:55:54,474 --> 02:55:55,942 AND A CASE IN POINT, I'M SURE 4896 02:55:55,942 --> 02:55:58,344 WE'VE ALL HAD EXPERIENCE OF 4897 02:55:58,344 --> 02:55:59,979 REVIEWING PAPERS THAT FELL RIGHT 4898 02:55:59,979 --> 02:56:00,847 IN THE CATEGORY THAT YOU WERE 4899 02:56:00,847 --> 02:56:02,849 TALKING ABOUT, MIKE, WHERE 4900 02:56:02,849 --> 02:56:04,617 THE -- THE COHORTS THAT WERE 4901 02:56:04,617 --> 02:56:07,220 BEING EXAMINED WERE TOTALLY 4902 02:56:07,220 --> 02:56:08,988 INCORRECT, BECAUSE THE 4903 02:56:08,988 --> 02:56:10,390 STATISTICIANS AND THE 4904 02:56:10,390 --> 02:56:11,391 BIOINFORMATICS AND ALL THE FOLKS 4905 02:56:11,391 --> 02:56:14,460 THAT DID ALL THIS BEAUTIFUL AND 4906 02:56:14,460 --> 02:56:15,562 COMPLEX ANALYSIS DIDN'T 4907 02:56:15,562 --> 02:56:16,763 UNDERSTAND THE BIOLOGY. 4908 02:56:16,763 --> 02:56:18,631 THEY DIDN'T HAVE THE BIOLOGIST 4909 02:56:18,631 --> 02:56:20,266 DRIVING THAT FIRST STEP. 4910 02:56:20,266 --> 02:56:22,802 AND SO I JUST -- I THOUGHT IT'S 4911 02:56:22,802 --> 02:56:24,103 AN INTERESTING POINT FOR US TO 4912 02:56:24,103 --> 02:56:29,042 COME HOME TO, WE'RE STILL -- THE 4913 02:56:29,042 --> 02:56:30,109 QUESTION STILL -- IT NEEDS TO 4914 02:56:30,109 --> 02:56:33,446 HAVE A HYPOTHESIS, EVEN AS 4915 02:56:33,446 --> 02:56:35,181 COMPLEX, YOU KNOW -- I JUST HOPE 4916 02:56:35,181 --> 02:56:37,817 WE CONTINUE TO FUND 4917 02:56:37,817 --> 02:56:39,786 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN RESEARCH 4918 02:56:39,786 --> 02:56:41,988 THROUGH THE OMICS ERA. 4919 02:56:41,988 --> 02:56:50,730 >> MARIA, THANK YOU. 4920 02:56:50,730 --> 02:56:52,432 >> A FEW COMMENTS AND A 4921 02:56:52,432 --> 02:56:52,699 QUESTION. 4922 02:56:52,699 --> 02:56:56,002 TO THIS POINT, I THINK THAT IT'S 4923 02:56:56,002 --> 02:56:56,936 VERY IMPORTANT THAT MECHANISMS 4924 02:56:56,936 --> 02:57:00,640 ARE USED TO ENHANCE THESE CLAB 4925 02:57:00,640 --> 02:57:01,274 COLLABORATIONS. 4926 02:57:01,274 --> 02:57:02,542 THE CONSORTIUM MECHANISM HAS 4927 02:57:02,542 --> 02:57:04,777 BEEN REALLY GOOD WITHIN THE EYE 4928 02:57:04,777 --> 02:57:05,044 INSTITUTE. 4929 02:57:05,044 --> 02:57:07,313 YOU KNOW, PERHAPS YOU CAN CREATE 4930 02:57:07,313 --> 02:57:11,751 A CONSORTIUM APPROACH BEYOND THE 4931 02:57:11,751 --> 02:57:15,521 EYE INSTITUTE. 4932 02:57:15,521 --> 02:57:16,723 EYE INSTITUTE -- CONSIDERING 4933 02:57:16,723 --> 02:57:17,357 THAT'S THE DIRECTION WE'RE GOING 4934 02:57:17,357 --> 02:57:17,624 IN. 4935 02:57:17,624 --> 02:57:20,893 WITH THE CONSORTIUM, WE'VE BEEN 4936 02:57:20,893 --> 02:57:21,894 PARTICIPATING, REALLY FORCED US 4937 02:57:21,894 --> 02:57:23,529 TO HAVE COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER 4938 02:57:23,529 --> 02:57:24,197 GROUPS, OTHER THOUGHTS AND 4939 02:57:24,197 --> 02:57:26,499 THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX, SO 4940 02:57:26,499 --> 02:57:32,772 MAYBE EXPAND THAT BEYOND THE -- 4941 02:57:32,772 --> 02:57:34,073 AND SECOND, I WAS VERY EXCITED 4942 02:57:34,073 --> 02:57:35,708 WITH THE AUTOIMMUNE PROGRAM. 4943 02:57:35,708 --> 02:57:43,816 AS YOU KNOW -- HAS A VERY STRONG 4944 02:57:43,816 --> 02:57:44,450 HISTORY -- AND OF COURSE THAT 4945 02:57:44,450 --> 02:57:45,351 COULD BE A GREAT COLLABORATION 4946 02:57:45,351 --> 02:57:46,019 WITH YOUR PROGRAM. 4947 02:57:46,019 --> 02:57:47,787 CAN YOU EXPAND IT A LITTLE BIT 4948 02:57:47,787 --> 02:57:52,492 MORE, YOUR PLANS OF APPROACHING 4949 02:57:52,492 --> 02:57:57,664 WITH IMMUNE DISEASES? 4950 02:57:57,664 --> 02:57:58,831 >> I DON'T THINK I CAN JUST 4951 02:57:58,831 --> 02:57:59,732 ALONE APPROACH IT. 4952 02:57:59,732 --> 02:58:00,733 I THINK THIS IS SOMEWHERE THAT 4953 02:58:00,733 --> 02:58:02,802 WE NEED TO SIT DOWN TOGETHER AND 4954 02:58:02,802 --> 02:58:05,772 APPROACH IT AS A GROUP. 4955 02:58:05,772 --> 02:58:07,306 BUT THAT'S EVEN HARDER THAN 4956 02:58:07,306 --> 02:58:08,641 DISEASES THAT ARE ALREADY KNOWN, 4957 02:58:08,641 --> 02:58:11,811 BECAUSE THE PROBLEM WITH 4958 02:58:11,811 --> 02:58:13,346 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IS, FIRST WE 4959 02:58:13,346 --> 02:58:14,447 DON'T UNDERSTAND WHICH ORGANS 4960 02:58:14,447 --> 02:58:18,918 ARE BEING IMPACTED EARLY ON, AND 4961 02:58:18,918 --> 02:58:20,787 TWO, THE COMPLEXITY OF THIS 4962 02:58:20,787 --> 02:58:21,988 DISEASE FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL IS 4963 02:58:21,988 --> 02:58:22,755 VERY DIFFERENT. 4964 02:58:22,755 --> 02:58:25,525 SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE A COMPLETELY 4965 02:58:25,525 --> 02:58:26,092 MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA. 4966 02:58:26,092 --> 02:58:29,228 YOU HAD THAT PROAT KNOW MIX. 4967 02:58:29,228 --> 02:58:30,830 THE STUDY THAT YOU MENTIONED 4968 02:58:30,830 --> 02:58:32,231 ABOUT THE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE 4969 02:58:32,231 --> 02:58:33,866 VERSUS LIKE DISEASES OF THE 4970 02:58:33,866 --> 02:58:35,735 ORGAN, AND YOU HAVE TO COMBINE 4971 02:58:35,735 --> 02:58:37,070 ALL THIS DATA TOGETHER. 4972 02:58:37,070 --> 02:58:38,371 THIS IS WHERE IT SHOULD BEGIN. 4973 02:58:38,371 --> 02:58:40,006 I DON'T THINK YOU SHOULD BEGIN 4974 02:58:40,006 --> 02:58:41,908 BY JUST SAYING, LIKE -- AND WE 4975 02:58:41,908 --> 02:58:43,209 HAVE TO LOOK AT THE EHR DATA. 4976 02:58:43,209 --> 02:58:44,744 RIGHT NOW, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR 4977 02:58:44,744 --> 02:58:47,914 LUPUS STUDIES, THE DOCTOR GOES 4978 02:58:47,914 --> 02:58:50,216 AND THEY LOOK AT -- IT'S NOT IN 4979 02:58:50,216 --> 02:58:52,719 MY OPINION THAT QUANTITATIVE. 4980 02:58:52,719 --> 02:58:54,587 YOU ASK PATIENT DO YOU HAVE THIS 4981 02:58:54,587 --> 02:58:56,489 AND IF YOU, FOR EXAMPLE, CHECK 4982 02:58:56,489 --> 02:59:00,993 CERTAIN NUMBERS OF THOSE DISEASE 4983 02:59:00,993 --> 02:59:01,728 MANIFESTATION, THEN WOULD YOU 4984 02:59:01,728 --> 02:59:04,931 SAY, OKAY, YOU PROBABLY HAVE 4985 02:59:04,931 --> 02:59:07,233 THIS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OR NOT. 4986 02:59:07,233 --> 02:59:08,501 SO I THINK IT'S SO UNKNOWN AND 4987 02:59:08,501 --> 02:59:09,802 COMPLEX THAT WE NEED TO START 4988 02:59:09,802 --> 02:59:12,071 FROM VERY BEGINNING AND I THINK 4989 02:59:12,071 --> 02:59:13,806 TO SOME OF THE POINT THAT 4990 02:59:13,806 --> 02:59:14,907 DR. GRANT BROUGHT UP IS THAT WE 4991 02:59:14,907 --> 02:59:18,544 REALLY NEED TO LOOK AT THE 4992 02:59:18,544 --> 02:59:19,512 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN AS WELL TO 4993 02:59:19,512 --> 02:59:22,915 FULLY UNDERSTAND AND BE ABLE TO 4994 02:59:22,915 --> 02:59:25,451 EVEN LEAVE THESE BIASES IN THE 4995 02:59:25,451 --> 02:59:27,620 DATA THAT WE HAVE, BECAUSE THE 4996 02:59:27,620 --> 02:59:30,022 MORE COMPLEX DISEASE, THE MORE 4997 02:59:30,022 --> 02:59:30,990 LIKELY BIASES YOU ARE GOING TO 4998 02:59:30,990 --> 02:59:32,558 HAVE, SO I THINK WE NEED TO 4999 02:59:32,558 --> 02:59:34,861 START BRINGING 5000 02:59:34,861 --> 02:59:36,295 MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL AND 5001 02:59:36,295 --> 02:59:38,164 MULTIAGENCY PARTNERSHIP AND 5002 02:59:38,164 --> 02:59:41,868 BRINGING, FOR EXAMPLE, ORWH INTO 5003 02:59:41,868 --> 02:59:44,670 THIS AND SOME SORT OF CONSORTIUM 5004 02:59:44,670 --> 02:59:45,972 TO START FOCUSING ON THAT. 5005 02:59:45,972 --> 02:59:50,343 >> THANK YOU. 5006 02:59:50,343 --> 02:59:52,612 >> OTHER COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS 5007 02:59:52,612 --> 02:59:57,650 EITHER FOR US OR FOR VINU AND 5008 02:59:57,650 --> 02:59:57,884 AFROUZ? 5009 02:59:57,884 --> 02:59:59,385 >> I JUST HAD A QUESTION, I 5010 02:59:59,385 --> 03:00:00,753 THINK IT APPLIES A LITTLE BIT TO 5011 03:00:00,753 --> 03:00:01,053 BOTH. 5012 03:00:01,053 --> 03:00:02,421 WHEN YOU'RE THINKING OF A 5013 03:00:02,421 --> 03:00:06,159 PATIENT, ESPECIALLY AN AGED 5014 03:00:06,159 --> 03:00:07,193 PATIENT YOU'RE GOING TO COME IN 5015 03:00:07,193 --> 03:00:08,761 TO DO A PROCEDURE ON, THERE'S 5016 03:00:08,761 --> 03:00:09,929 THE PLETHORA OF DRUGS THAT 5017 03:00:09,929 --> 03:00:15,368 THEY'RE ON, AND THE LACK OF SIN 5018 03:00:15,368 --> 03:00:20,973 RG ASSYNERGY AMONG THE PHYSICIA, 5019 03:00:20,973 --> 03:00:23,042 EVEN THE PHARMACIST IS THE ONLY 5020 03:00:23,042 --> 03:00:25,111 ONE THAT KNOWS ABOUT DRUG-DRUG 5021 03:00:25,111 --> 03:00:25,745 INTERACTIONS. 5022 03:00:25,745 --> 03:00:26,479 SO THE QUESTION I HAD WITH 5023 03:00:26,479 --> 03:00:28,214 REGARD TO TRYING ELIMINATE THE 5024 03:00:28,214 --> 03:00:31,017 BIAS OR ELIMINATED CONFOUNDERS 5025 03:00:31,017 --> 03:00:33,519 OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS, HOW 5026 03:00:33,519 --> 03:00:36,923 DETAILED A H HISTORY AND HOW MUH 5027 03:00:36,923 --> 03:00:38,491 INFORMATION ARE YOU REALLY 5028 03:00:38,491 --> 03:00:38,958 OBTAINING? 5029 03:00:38,958 --> 03:00:39,992 BECAUSE YOU DON'T WHAT TO HAVE 5030 03:00:39,992 --> 03:00:43,062 DATA THAT IS MORE CONFUSING, AND 5031 03:00:43,062 --> 03:00:43,996 TYPICALLY THE AVERAGE 5032 03:00:43,996 --> 03:00:45,164 80-YEAR-OLD OR 70-YEAR-OLD 5033 03:00:45,164 --> 03:00:47,900 PATIENT IS ON LIKE 10 TO 15 5034 03:00:47,900 --> 03:00:49,902 DRUGS AND SUPPLEMENTS, SO IF YOU 5035 03:00:49,902 --> 03:00:51,537 ADD THEM ALL TOGETHER. 5036 03:00:51,537 --> 03:00:55,608 SO THE DRUGS, THE NUTRACEUTICS, 5037 03:00:55,608 --> 03:00:57,443 THE THING FAMILY MEMBER SAID 5038 03:00:57,443 --> 03:00:58,444 THIS IS GOING TO HELP YOUR 5039 03:00:58,444 --> 03:01:00,213 ARTHRITIS, HOW DO YOU PURIFY, 5040 03:01:00,213 --> 03:01:01,848 CLEAN UP YOUR DATA SO THAT 5041 03:01:01,848 --> 03:01:02,982 YOU'RE GETTING REAL DAY TALL AND 5042 03:01:02,982 --> 03:01:04,951 NOT ALL THIS OTHER STUFF THAT 5043 03:01:04,951 --> 03:01:12,358 COULD BE COMPLICATING YOUR -- 5044 03:01:12,358 --> 03:01:14,026 SOME OF YOUR HOT TOPIC PROTEINS 5045 03:01:14,026 --> 03:01:15,494 THAT YOU WERE LOOKING AT? 5046 03:01:15,494 --> 03:01:21,067 >> WELL, ONE WAY SPEAKING AS A 5047 03:01:21,067 --> 03:01:24,570 NON-OMICS PERSON, YOU CAN STILL 5048 03:01:24,570 --> 03:01:26,405 APPROACH THIS IS THAT THANKFULLY 5049 03:01:26,405 --> 03:01:28,307 MOST OF US HAVE TWO EYES, AND 5050 03:01:28,307 --> 03:01:29,976 ALSO, VERY OFTEN, EVEN IN 5051 03:01:29,976 --> 03:01:35,114 CHRONIC DISEASE, THERE'S A VERY 5052 03:01:35,114 --> 03:01:36,215 SIGNIFICANT ASYMMETRY BETWEEN 5053 03:01:36,215 --> 03:01:36,749 THE TWO EYES. 5054 03:01:36,749 --> 03:01:38,117 SO IF YOU'RE ABLE TO GET 5055 03:01:38,117 --> 03:01:41,721 ANALYZED FROM BOTH EYES, IMAGES, 5056 03:01:41,721 --> 03:01:44,790 WHATEVER IT IS THAT YOU MEASURE 5057 03:01:44,790 --> 03:01:46,659 IN THE LIQUID BIOPSY, FROM BOTH 5058 03:01:46,659 --> 03:01:51,264 EYES, THEN YOU'RE BASICALLY 5059 03:01:51,264 --> 03:01:53,332 LARGELY RIDDING NAVIGATING 5060 03:01:53,332 --> 03:01:54,867 AROUND THOSE CONFOUNDERS WHICH 5061 03:01:54,867 --> 03:01:56,736 ARE VERY, VERY CRITICAL AND VERY 5062 03:01:56,736 --> 03:01:57,003 IMPORTANT. 5063 03:01:57,003 --> 03:01:58,204 SO IT NOT ONLY DRUGS. 5064 03:01:58,204 --> 03:02:00,806 IT JUST A VARIETY OF GENETIC 5065 03:02:00,806 --> 03:02:03,242 FACTORS THAT IMPACT PEOPLE'S 5066 03:02:03,242 --> 03:02:06,679 HEALTH, NUTRITION, ENVIRONMENT, 5067 03:02:06,679 --> 03:02:07,313 TOXIN EXPOSURE, ET CETERA, ET 5068 03:02:07,313 --> 03:02:07,980 CETERA. 5069 03:02:07,980 --> 03:02:10,049 BUT AGAIN, IF THERE'S ASYMMETRY, 5070 03:02:10,049 --> 03:02:12,818 YOU CAN APPLY THE SAME APPROACH 5071 03:02:12,818 --> 03:02:14,787 ALSO TO TREATMENT AS WELL, 5072 03:02:14,787 --> 03:02:15,988 NON-OMICS ANALYTICS, IF YOU 5073 03:02:15,988 --> 03:02:17,189 WILL, JUST THERAPEUTIC 5074 03:02:17,189 --> 03:02:19,558 RESPONSES. 5075 03:02:19,558 --> 03:02:26,332 RIGHT? 5076 03:02:26,332 --> 03:02:27,733 >> TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION ABOUT 5077 03:02:27,733 --> 03:02:30,603 CON FOUNDERS, MY COLLEAGUES WHO 5078 03:02:30,603 --> 03:02:34,974 DO LOTS OF EHR DATA ANALYSIS AND 5079 03:02:34,974 --> 03:02:38,044 APPLY AI ALGORITHMS, THEY WOULD 5080 03:02:38,044 --> 03:02:43,182 SAY JUST GIVE ME ALL THE DATA. 5081 03:02:43,182 --> 03:02:45,318 AND I THINK WHEN WE TRY TO 5082 03:02:45,318 --> 03:02:47,053 RATIONALLY APPROACH 5083 03:02:47,053 --> 03:02:47,920 DISTINGUISHING CERTAIN FEATURES 5084 03:02:47,920 --> 03:02:51,490 OR PUTTING THEM IN COLUMNS, 5085 03:02:51,490 --> 03:02:54,293 THAT'S WHEN WE -- IT BECOMES A 5086 03:02:54,293 --> 03:02:54,961 VERY DIFFICULT THOUGHT PROBLEM 5087 03:02:54,961 --> 03:02:59,665 TO PICK APART SPECIFIC 5088 03:02:59,665 --> 03:03:00,299 COMPONENTS. 5089 03:03:00,299 --> 03:03:02,301 IN AI, THEY JUST ASK FOR ALL THE 5090 03:03:02,301 --> 03:03:05,938 DATA AND THEY WILL LET THEIR 5091 03:03:05,938 --> 03:03:08,774 ALGORITHMS, THE STATISTICAL 5092 03:03:08,774 --> 03:03:09,809 TESTS, WEED THROUGH EVERYTHING. 5093 03:03:09,809 --> 03:03:12,845 AND THE AI, THE WAY I VIEW IT, I 5094 03:03:12,845 --> 03:03:14,847 THINK YOU'VE GOT TO SLIDE, 5095 03:03:14,847 --> 03:03:18,017 SPHRITS A STATISTICAL TEST THAT 5096 03:03:18,017 --> 03:03:19,118 EXPOSES PATTERNS THAT YOU 5097 03:03:19,118 --> 03:03:22,855 WOULDN'T SEE BY CONVENTIONAL 5098 03:03:22,855 --> 03:03:23,956 STATISTICAL TESTING OR YOU 5099 03:03:23,956 --> 03:03:26,359 COULDN'T PICK OUT YOURSELF. 5100 03:03:26,359 --> 03:03:28,561 I'M ALWAYS STRUCK BY ONE OF THE 5101 03:03:28,561 --> 03:03:31,197 EARLY THINGS THAT THE AI IMAGING 5102 03:03:31,197 --> 03:03:34,700 OF A FUNDUS WAS THAT I CAN TELL 5103 03:03:34,700 --> 03:03:37,336 THE DIFFERENCE TWOAN THAT MALE 5104 03:03:37,336 --> 03:03:38,437 AND FEMALE. 5105 03:03:38,437 --> 03:03:40,773 I WAS LIKE, WAIT A MINUTE, 5106 03:03:40,773 --> 03:03:41,407 OPHTHALMOLOGISTS HAVE BEEN 5107 03:03:41,407 --> 03:03:42,742 LOOKING AT THE FUNDUS OF HUMANS 5108 03:03:42,742 --> 03:03:44,043 FOREVER AND NOBODY EVER COULD 5109 03:03:44,043 --> 03:03:47,480 DISTINGUISH A MALE AND FEMALE. 5110 03:03:47,480 --> 03:03:48,714 SO PATTERNS EMERGE. 5111 03:03:48,714 --> 03:03:52,084 SO USUALLY THEY JUST WANT MORE 5112 03:03:52,084 --> 03:03:53,252 DATA, AND THEY CAN SIFT THROUGH 5113 03:03:53,252 --> 03:03:57,156 THE NOISE. 5114 03:03:57,156 --> 03:03:58,991 >> WHAT IS A GOOD NUMBER ON A 5115 03:03:58,991 --> 03:04:00,459 COHORT OF PATIENTS THAT YOU'RE 5116 03:04:00,459 --> 03:04:00,893 TALKING ABOUT HERE? 5117 03:04:00,893 --> 03:04:04,397 YOU DID A LOT OF PATIENTS, THE 5118 03:04:04,397 --> 03:04:07,900 AQUEOUS -- THE LIQUID BRIEPS, 5119 03:04:07,900 --> 03:04:10,002 THE COHORT THAT YOU'VE EXAMINED 5120 03:04:10,002 --> 03:04:11,303 FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, BUT 5121 03:04:11,303 --> 03:04:12,805 IF YOU'RE READING THE LITERATURE 5122 03:04:12,805 --> 03:04:15,241 AS A NON-AI PERSON AND YOU HAVE 5123 03:04:15,241 --> 03:04:17,877 A COHORT THAT IS 9,000 VERSUS A 5124 03:04:17,877 --> 03:04:19,845 COHORT THAT IS 900, WHAT IS THE 5125 03:04:19,845 --> 03:04:20,746 MINIMUM? 5126 03:04:20,746 --> 03:04:22,181 CAN YOU SHED SOME LIGHT ON SOME 5127 03:04:22,181 --> 03:04:22,548 OF THAT? 5128 03:04:22,548 --> 03:04:23,883 THAT WOULD BE REALLY HELPFUL. 5129 03:04:23,883 --> 03:04:27,920 >> SO I'M NOT THE EXPERT ON THE 5130 03:04:27,920 --> 03:04:28,921 AI ALGORITHM, BUT WHAT I'VE 5131 03:04:28,921 --> 03:04:32,425 LEARNED IS THAT IT USED TO BE 5132 03:04:32,425 --> 03:04:33,826 THOUSANDS, THEY WOULD HAVE 5133 03:04:33,826 --> 03:04:36,462 THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND THAT 5134 03:04:36,462 --> 03:04:38,230 WAS -- YOU HAD TO START THERE. 5135 03:04:38,230 --> 03:04:40,766 OURS WAS A RELATIVELY WIMPY 5136 03:04:40,766 --> 03:04:41,000 DATASET. 5137 03:04:41,000 --> 03:04:42,268 WE HAVE LIKE A COUPLE HUNDRED 5138 03:04:42,268 --> 03:04:43,402 PATIENTS BECAUSE IT'S A LOT OF 5139 03:04:43,402 --> 03:04:45,071 WORK TO GET THE FLUID OUT OF THE 5140 03:04:45,071 --> 03:04:50,342 EYE AND SO OUR R -- WHAT I'VE 5141 03:04:50,342 --> 03:04:51,977 BEEN RECENTLY TOLD IS THAT THE 5142 03:04:51,977 --> 03:04:55,147 NUMBER OF SAMPLES REQUIRED BASED 5143 03:04:55,147 --> 03:04:57,049 ON THE NEWER AI ALGORITHMS HAS 5144 03:04:57,049 --> 03:04:59,285 BEEN REDUCED AND REDUCED, SO 5145 03:04:59,285 --> 03:05:02,221 THEY'RE NOW COMBINING OUR AI 5146 03:05:02,221 --> 03:05:03,422 PROTEOMICS OF ONLY A FEW HUNDRED 5147 03:05:03,422 --> 03:05:05,691 PATIENTS WITH AN EHR THAT'S 5148 03:05:05,691 --> 03:05:07,993 THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS. 5149 03:05:07,993 --> 03:05:09,095 I DIDN'T THINK THAT WOULD BE 5150 03:05:09,095 --> 03:05:10,663 ENOUGH, BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO 5151 03:05:10,663 --> 03:05:11,964 ADDRESS -- THE NUMBER IS GETTING 5152 03:05:11,964 --> 03:05:13,299 LOWER AND LOWER, MY 5153 03:05:13,299 --> 03:05:13,866 UNDERSTANDING. 5154 03:05:13,866 --> 03:05:16,368 >> YEAH, AND IN TERMS OF DATA 5155 03:05:16,368 --> 03:05:17,703 YOU WERE MENTIONING, THIS IS 5156 03:05:17,703 --> 03:05:19,105 SOMETHING THAT, FOR EXAMPLE, 5157 03:05:19,105 --> 03:05:23,742 MIDRC IS TAKING VERY SERIOUSLY. 5158 03:05:23,742 --> 03:05:26,045 BEING CONNECTED TO THAT DOMAIN 5159 03:05:26,045 --> 03:05:28,447 IS SPECIFIC BECAUSE IT'S NOT 5160 03:05:28,447 --> 03:05:31,350 JUST THE -- BECAUSE YOU WANT TO 5161 03:05:31,350 --> 03:05:32,418 MODEL IT BETTER. 5162 03:05:32,418 --> 03:05:33,853 BUT THEN TO REDUCE THAT BIAS IN 5163 03:05:33,853 --> 03:05:36,422 TERMS OF DATA COLLECTION, WHAT 5164 03:05:36,422 --> 03:05:38,257 IS GOOD DATA, WHAT IS NOT, WHAT 5165 03:05:38,257 --> 03:05:40,226 ARE THE BA BACKGROUNDS? 5166 03:05:40,226 --> 03:05:41,794 SO NOT ONLY DO WE DO ANNOTATION 5167 03:05:41,794 --> 03:05:44,063 OF THESE DATA BUT WE START 5168 03:05:44,063 --> 03:05:45,264 CURATING THEM BASED ON THE INPUT 5169 03:05:45,264 --> 03:05:47,867 FROM THE DOMAIN-SPECIFIC LIKE I 5170 03:05:47,867 --> 03:05:48,634 SAY OPHTHALMOLOGIST. 5171 03:05:48,634 --> 03:05:50,903 WE NEED TO HAVE THAT IF WE TRULY 5172 03:05:50,903 --> 03:05:58,043 WANT TO CREATE -- DONE A 5173 03:05:58,043 --> 03:06:00,112 WONDERFUL JOB OF BRINGING THIS 5174 03:06:00,112 --> 03:06:03,949 SOCIETY TOGETHER TO SAY NO, YOU 5175 03:06:03,949 --> 03:06:05,317 MAILT -- BECAUSE OF THIS FOR 5176 03:06:05,317 --> 03:06:06,785 EXAMPLE BACKGROUND INFORMATION, 5177 03:06:06,785 --> 03:06:08,020 I DON'T THINK WE SHOULD LIKE, 5178 03:06:08,020 --> 03:06:10,789 FOR EXAMPLE, PUT THESE IMAGES IN 5179 03:06:10,789 --> 03:06:15,528 THIS CERTAIN CATEGORY OR NOT. 5180 03:06:15,528 --> 03:06:17,930 >> MARIA GRANT. 5181 03:06:17,930 --> 03:06:20,132 THERE'S ALWAYS A VALIDATION 5182 03:06:20,132 --> 03:06:25,204 COHORT, AND SO WHAT CRITERIA, N 5183 03:06:25,204 --> 03:06:27,406 OTHER N, OTHER THAN IT JUST A 5184 03:06:27,406 --> 03:06:28,908 SECOND INDEPENDENT COHORT, ARE 5185 03:06:28,908 --> 03:06:30,442 THERE OTHER FEATURES THAT 5186 03:06:30,442 --> 03:06:33,112 PEOPLE -- THAT YOU THINK ARE 5187 03:06:33,112 --> 03:06:34,547 IMPORTANT IN CONTRACT, LIKE WHEN 5188 03:06:34,547 --> 03:06:37,082 YOU'YOU'RE REVIEWING A PAPER THT 5189 03:06:37,082 --> 03:06:38,317 HAS THAT SECOND COHORT, WHAT 5190 03:06:38,317 --> 03:06:39,185 WOULD YOU CONSIDER BECAUSE 5191 03:06:39,185 --> 03:06:44,356 THERE'S SO MANY VARIABLES HERE. 5192 03:06:44,356 --> 03:06:47,059 >> SO I THINK THE INDEPENDENT 5193 03:06:47,059 --> 03:06:49,495 COHORT IS JUST AS IMPORTANT AND 5194 03:06:49,495 --> 03:06:51,997 DATA SIGN PACIFIC ISLANDERS WILL 5195 03:06:51,997 --> 03:06:54,633 USE A SECRETARY DATASET. 5196 03:06:54,633 --> 03:06:57,336 WE WERE -- SO YOU MAY DO 5197 03:06:57,336 --> 03:06:58,737 SOMETHING AT YOUR INDIVIDUAL 5198 03:06:58,737 --> 03:07:00,039 INSTITUTION, AND THEN YOU CAN 5199 03:07:00,039 --> 03:07:02,007 FLIP OUT TO WHATEVER IS 5200 03:07:02,007 --> 03:07:05,411 PUBLISHED OR FREE. 5201 03:07:05,411 --> 03:07:06,712 DATA REAL ANALYSIS, WE DO A LOT 5202 03:07:06,712 --> 03:07:07,179 OF THAT. 5203 03:07:07,179 --> 03:07:09,448 SO FOR OUR PROTEOMIC DATASET, 5204 03:07:09,448 --> 03:07:12,618 FOR EXAMPLE, WE'LL LOOK AT OTHER 5205 03:07:12,618 --> 03:07:16,555 PUBLISHED STUDIES THAT ARE DONE 5206 03:07:16,555 --> 03:07:18,958 IN DIFFERENT PATIENTS, EVEN 5207 03:07:18,958 --> 03:07:20,125 PROTEOMIC PLATFORMS AND IF WE 5208 03:07:20,125 --> 03:07:21,827 SEE ANY OF THOSE PROTEINS 5209 03:07:21,827 --> 03:07:23,896 REPLICATED, IT'S A VERY, VERY 5210 03:07:23,896 --> 03:07:24,863 STRONG INDICATION. 5211 03:07:24,863 --> 03:07:28,234 PEOPLE USE THE NIH PUBLIC 5212 03:07:28,234 --> 03:07:32,271 DATABASES FOR THE AMD IMAGES, 5213 03:07:32,271 --> 03:07:34,406 AND SO I THINK THAT'S PART AND 5214 03:07:34,406 --> 03:07:41,747 PARCEL OF THE WORKFLOW. 5215 03:07:41,747 --> 03:07:43,249 >> I ACTUALLY HAVE A QUESTION 5216 03:07:43,249 --> 03:07:44,250 BUT ANY OTHER COMMENTS OR 5217 03:07:44,250 --> 03:07:52,157 QUESTIONS FROM PEOPLE? 5218 03:07:52,157 --> 03:07:54,126 I HAVE A QUESTION FOR REALLY 5219 03:07:54,126 --> 03:07:55,894 AFROUZ OR VINU OR HOPEFULLY 5220 03:07:55,894 --> 03:07:58,731 BOTH. 5221 03:07:58,731 --> 03:08:00,766 I'M THINKING IN TERMS OF -- I 5222 03:08:00,766 --> 03:08:06,205 HEARD A BUNCH OF THINGS HERE IN 5223 03:08:06,205 --> 03:08:07,306 TERMS OF HOW TO ADVANCE THE 5224 03:08:07,306 --> 03:08:07,706 FIELD. 5225 03:08:07,706 --> 03:08:09,408 WHAT I'M REALLY WONDERING ABOUT 5226 03:08:09,408 --> 03:08:10,843 IS HOW TO BEST ADVANCE THE FIELD 5227 03:08:10,843 --> 03:08:12,378 AND WHAT WE CAN BE DOING OR WHAT 5228 03:08:12,378 --> 03:08:15,948 WE CAN BE DOING TOGETHER TO 5229 03:08:15,948 --> 03:08:17,249 ADVANCE THE FIELD. 5230 03:08:17,249 --> 03:08:23,822 AND YOU KNOW, ARE THERE THINGS 5231 03:08:23,822 --> 03:08:25,024 LIKE -- VICTOR MENTIONED THE 5232 03:08:25,024 --> 03:08:26,125 WORD CONSORTIA. 5233 03:08:26,125 --> 03:08:28,861 ARE THERE THINGS THAT -- WHAT 5234 03:08:28,861 --> 03:08:30,062 WOULD AN IDEAL PROGRAM LOOK 5235 03:08:30,062 --> 03:08:31,930 LIKE, KIND OF IN GENERAL TERMS 5236 03:08:31,930 --> 03:08:33,198 TO BEST ADVANCE WHAT WE'RE 5237 03:08:33,198 --> 03:08:33,732 DOING? 5238 03:08:33,732 --> 03:08:36,669 WOULD IT LOOK LIKE INDIVIDUAL -- 5239 03:08:36,669 --> 03:08:38,971 I'M THINKING BEYOND INDIVIDUAL 5240 03:08:38,971 --> 03:08:40,172 R01s, WHICH PEOPLE CAN ALWAYS 5241 03:08:40,172 --> 03:08:40,339 DO. 5242 03:08:40,339 --> 03:08:42,308 ARE THERE THINGS THAT WE CAN BE 5243 03:08:42,308 --> 03:08:44,510 DOING TO BEST ADVANCE AND WHO 5244 03:08:44,510 --> 03:08:46,111 WOULD THE PARTNERS BE, WHAT 5245 03:08:46,111 --> 03:08:47,713 WOULD IT LOOK LIKE, SO I WOULD 5246 03:08:47,713 --> 03:08:49,148 LOVE BOTH OF YOUR THOUGHTS KIND 5247 03:08:49,148 --> 03:08:58,223 OF IN BROAD TERMS ABOUT THAT. 5248 03:08:58,223 --> 03:09:00,659 >> I THINK THERE ARE DIFFERENT 5249 03:09:00,659 --> 03:09:01,627 WAYS WE CAN DO THAT. 5250 03:09:01,627 --> 03:09:03,262 I THINK I LIKE THE IDEA OF THE 5251 03:09:03,262 --> 03:09:04,196 CONSORTIA A LOT. 5252 03:09:04,196 --> 03:09:04,963 YOU CAN TOTALLY BRING THE 5253 03:09:04,963 --> 03:09:07,032 PARTNERS TOGETHER, WE CAN HAVE 5254 03:09:07,032 --> 03:09:08,767 THE SUPPORT FOR MULTIAGENCY. 5255 03:09:08,767 --> 03:09:10,903 SOME OF THESE STUDIES MIGHT BE 5256 03:09:10,903 --> 03:09:12,237 BEYOND JUST SUPPORTING IN TERMS 5257 03:09:12,237 --> 03:09:15,341 OF R01, MAYBE FOCUSING ON THE 5258 03:09:15,341 --> 03:09:17,876 CENTER AND RESOURCE CENTERS. 5259 03:09:17,876 --> 03:09:20,279 THOSE ARE BIG AND THEY CONNECT 5260 03:09:20,279 --> 03:09:21,380 THE MULTI-INSTITUTION FROM THE 5261 03:09:21,380 --> 03:09:23,082 DIFFERENT BACKGROUND BECAUSE 5262 03:09:23,082 --> 03:09:23,816 THERE ARE DIFFERENT NEEDS EVEN 5263 03:09:23,816 --> 03:09:25,351 ACROSS THE UNITED STATES IN 5264 03:09:25,351 --> 03:09:26,885 TERMS OF DIFFERENT DISEASES AND 5265 03:09:26,885 --> 03:09:29,288 DIFFERENT STATES HAVE DIFFERENT 5266 03:09:29,288 --> 03:09:31,090 PROBLEMS, SO I THINK CREATING 5267 03:09:31,090 --> 03:09:35,828 THOSE SORT OF -- WE HAVE -- 5268 03:09:35,828 --> 03:09:37,329 CENTERS FOR EXAMPLE AND THEY 5269 03:09:37,329 --> 03:09:38,430 HAVE DONE A GREAT JOB, SO WE 5270 03:09:38,430 --> 03:09:40,099 HAVE THESE CENTERS THAT NOT ONLY 5271 03:09:40,099 --> 03:09:42,901 THEY SUPPORT OUR RADX APPLICANTS 5272 03:09:42,901 --> 03:09:44,770 IN TERMS OF REGULATORY APPROVAL, 5273 03:09:44,770 --> 03:09:47,373 THEY HELP THEM WITH THE CLINICAL 5274 03:09:47,373 --> 03:09:48,807 VARIATION OF STUDIES, THEY HELP 5275 03:09:48,807 --> 03:09:50,175 THEM GO THROUGH THE STUDY 5276 03:09:50,175 --> 03:09:51,710 DESIGN, THEY HELP THEM THROUGH 5277 03:09:51,710 --> 03:09:52,778 MAKING THE DEVICE AND BRINGING 5278 03:09:52,778 --> 03:09:53,345 TO THE MARKET. 5279 03:09:53,345 --> 03:09:55,247 SO I THINK CREATING SOMETHING IN 5280 03:09:55,247 --> 03:09:58,751 THAT SENSE THAT THEY'RE 5281 03:09:58,751 --> 03:10:02,154 CENTER-BASED AND CAN LOOK TO 5282 03:10:02,154 --> 03:10:03,956 SORT OF THE -- MODEL TO CONNECT 5283 03:10:03,956 --> 03:10:04,623 DIFFERENT INSTITUTES TOGETHER TO 5284 03:10:04,623 --> 03:10:06,358 TAKE CARE OF THE DIFFERENT 5285 03:10:06,358 --> 03:10:08,527 PHASES AS WE GO THROUGH, I THINK 5286 03:10:08,527 --> 03:10:11,130 THAT WOULD BE VERY IMPORTANT AND 5287 03:10:11,130 --> 03:10:13,866 USEFUL. 5288 03:10:13,866 --> 03:10:19,104 >> I THINK WE NOW HAVE FAIRLY 5289 03:10:19,104 --> 03:10:20,973 COMPLEX TEAMS OF PEOPLE REQUIRED 5290 03:10:20,973 --> 03:10:23,208 TO PUT TOGETHER THESE STORIES, 5291 03:10:23,208 --> 03:10:26,278 RANGING FROM THE SCIENTISTS, THE 5292 03:10:26,278 --> 03:10:28,414 BENCH SCIENTIST TO THE SURGEON, 5293 03:10:28,414 --> 03:10:32,785 AND THEN TO THE DATA SCIENTIST. 5294 03:10:32,785 --> 03:10:35,421 AND BRINGING THOSE STAKEHOLDERS 5295 03:10:35,421 --> 03:10:39,658 TOGETHER IN SOME KIND OF GROUP 5296 03:10:39,658 --> 03:10:42,361 AS A CONSORTIA FOR SOME KIND OF 5297 03:10:42,361 --> 03:10:43,328 COLLABORATIVE GROUP SO THAT THE 5298 03:10:43,328 --> 03:10:44,530 TECHNOLOGIES ARE EXPANDED OUT, 5299 03:10:44,530 --> 03:10:47,966 BUT ALL THE STAKEHOLDERS HAVE 5300 03:10:47,966 --> 03:10:51,370 SOME INPUT, AND REALLY WOULD 5301 03:10:51,370 --> 03:10:55,307 MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE INSTEAD OF 5302 03:10:55,307 --> 03:11:02,047 ALWAYS GROWING IT IN A SINGLE 5303 03:11:02,047 --> 03:11:03,782 R01, A SINGLE TEAM AT A SINGLE 5304 03:11:03,782 --> 03:11:10,155 INSTITUTION. 5305 03:11:10,155 --> 03:11:12,958 >> THESE ARE GREAT IDEAS. 5306 03:11:12,958 --> 03:11:15,427 >> I KNEW THIS WAS GOING TO BE 5307 03:11:15,427 --> 03:11:15,761 FABULOUS. 5308 03:11:15,761 --> 03:11:18,464 YOU KNOW, YOU BOTH REALLY DID 5309 03:11:18,464 --> 03:11:19,364 BEAUTIFULLY. 5310 03:11:19,364 --> 03:11:22,468 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 5311 03:11:22,468 --> 03:11:23,902 VINU, AFROUZ, GREAT DISCUSSION. 5312 03:11:23,902 --> 03:11:25,537 LOOK FORWARD TO HOPEFULLY 5313 03:11:25,537 --> 03:11:26,738 CONTINUING SOME OF IT OVER 5314 03:11:26,738 --> 03:11:27,439 LUNCH. 5315 03:11:27,439 --> 03:11:28,240 SO FIRST OF ALL, THANK YOU. 5316 03:11:28,240 --> 03:11:36,782 [APPLAUSE] 5317 03:11:36,782 --> 03:11:37,516 >> THANK YOU. 5318 03:11:37,516 --> 03:11:38,283 THIS WAS TERRIFIC. 5319 03:11:38,283 --> 03:11:40,152 REALLY APPRECIATE IT. 5320 03:11:40,152 --> 03:11:42,488 BEFORE WE BREAK FOR LUNCH, AND 5321 03:11:42,488 --> 03:11:43,689 OUR PIZZA, I BELIEVE, IS HERE, 5322 03:11:43,689 --> 03:11:46,358 SO PROBABLY GETTING COLD, WE'RE 5323 03:11:46,358 --> 03:11:51,930 GOING TO HAVE AN UPDATE FROM DRN 5324 03:11:51,930 --> 03:11:53,565 MULTI-COUNCIL WORK GROUP, WHICH 5325 03:11:53,565 --> 03:11:55,667 MET A COUPLE WEEKS AGO, IN MAY, 5326 03:11:55,667 --> 03:11:56,568 I BELIEVE. 5327 03:11:56,568 --> 03:11:58,670 SO THANKS. 5328 03:11:58,670 --> 03:12:00,172 >> THE FOOD IS ALREADY HERE SO 5329 03:12:00,172 --> 03:12:05,244 I'LL DO THIS QUICKLY. 5330 03:12:05,244 --> 03:12:07,246 YEAH, SO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 5331 03:12:07,246 --> 03:12:09,314 MULTI-COUNCIL WORKING GROUP 5332 03:12:09,314 --> 03:12:13,018 MEETING WAS JUST HELD. 5333 03:12:13,018 --> 03:12:14,720 AND -- BACK IN MID MAY, AND 5334 03:12:14,720 --> 03:12:20,425 DURING THE MEETING, THE DIRECTOR 5335 03:12:20,425 --> 03:12:22,160 AND I BEGAN FIRST BY 5336 03:12:22,160 --> 03:12:23,962 ACKNOWLEDGING ALL THE KEY STAFF 5337 03:12:23,962 --> 03:12:26,031 MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, BOTH 5338 03:12:26,031 --> 03:12:27,933 AT THE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE AS WELL 5339 03:12:27,933 --> 03:12:29,668 AS EACH OF THE ASSOCIATE 5340 03:12:29,668 --> 03:12:31,570 INSTITUTES AND THOSE WHO LEAD 5341 03:12:31,570 --> 03:12:32,604 THE MAJOR TEAMS. 5342 03:12:32,604 --> 03:12:34,573 THEN, THE DIRECTOR THEN PROVIDED 5343 03:12:34,573 --> 03:12:36,008 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS 5344 03:12:36,008 --> 03:12:40,045 OF THE BUDGET, WHICH WE'VE HEARD 5345 03:12:40,045 --> 03:12:41,313 A FEW THINGS ABOUT. 5346 03:12:41,313 --> 03:12:43,815 SO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE HAS 5347 03:12:43,815 --> 03:12:47,219 ENJOYED ROBUST FUNDING SINCE 5348 03:12:47,219 --> 03:12:49,321 2014, WHEN IT STARTED. 5349 03:12:49,321 --> 03:12:51,623 AND ITS TOTAL BUDGET FOR FISCAL 5350 03:12:51,623 --> 03:12:53,525 YEAR '23 WAS AT ITS APEX. 5351 03:12:53,525 --> 03:12:56,795 AND THIS OCCURRED DESPITE A 5352 03:12:56,795 --> 03:12:57,529 SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN THE 5353 03:12:57,529 --> 03:12:59,131 BRAIN INITIATIVE BASE BUDGET TO 5354 03:12:59,131 --> 03:13:03,702 ABOUT HALF OF ITS FY -- HALF ITS 5355 03:13:03,702 --> 03:13:04,970 BUDGET THE PREVIOUS YEAR. 5356 03:13:04,970 --> 03:13:06,605 AND THAT INCREASE WAS DUE TO A 5357 03:13:06,605 --> 03:13:09,608 LARGE BUT TEMPORARY INCREASE IN 5358 03:13:09,608 --> 03:13:11,910 THE PORTION OF THE BUDGET 5359 03:13:11,910 --> 03:13:13,879 DERIVED FROM THE CURES ACT. 5360 03:13:13,879 --> 03:13:15,747 UNFORTUNATELY, THAT TEMPORARY 5361 03:13:15,747 --> 03:13:16,915 INCREASE IN SUPPORT FROM THE 5362 03:13:16,915 --> 03:13:19,618 CURES ACT WAS REDUCED BACK 5363 03:13:19,618 --> 03:13:21,386 TOWARD ITS PREVIOUS YEAR'S 5364 03:13:21,386 --> 03:13:22,788 LEVELS FOR THE CURRENT YEAR, AND 5365 03:13:22,788 --> 03:13:24,323 SO AS MANY FOLKS HAVE ALREADY 5366 03:13:24,323 --> 03:13:25,791 HEARD, THE PRAIN INITIATIVE 5367 03:13:25,791 --> 03:13:29,828 SUBRAIN INITIATIVESUSTAINED A PT 5368 03:13:29,828 --> 03:13:31,897 SETBACK THIS BUDGET YEAR. 5369 03:13:31,897 --> 03:13:34,433 SPECIFICALLY THE REDUCTION OF 5370 03:13:34,433 --> 03:13:37,469 ABOUT $280 MILLION. 5371 03:13:37,469 --> 03:13:38,370 NEVERTHELESS, THE DIRECTOR 5372 03:13:38,370 --> 03:13:40,172 STRESSED THAT THE INITIATIVE 5373 03:13:40,172 --> 03:13:42,808 PLANS TO CONTINUE TO BE A GOOD 5374 03:13:42,808 --> 03:13:44,209 SHEPPARD, A GOOD STEWARD OF THE 5375 03:13:44,209 --> 03:13:45,877 FUNDS THAT CONGRESS HAS 5376 03:13:45,877 --> 03:13:47,479 ENTRUSTED IT WITH AND TO FUND 5377 03:13:47,479 --> 03:13:49,748 THE BEST SCIENCE, THE BEST 5378 03:13:49,748 --> 03:13:50,849 EXISTING SCIENCE. 5379 03:13:50,849 --> 03:13:52,451 THERE WAS ALSO HOPE, OF COURSE, 5380 03:13:52,451 --> 03:13:54,853 IN THE NEXT YEAR OR TWO THAT 5381 03:13:54,853 --> 03:13:56,388 THERE WILL BE AT LEAST SOME 5382 03:13:56,388 --> 03:13:57,823 RESTORATION OF FUNDS TO ALLOW 5383 03:13:57,823 --> 03:14:00,292 THE INITIATIVE TO GET BACK ON 5384 03:14:00,292 --> 03:14:01,259 TRACK SINCE IT HAS BEEN DOING 5385 03:14:01,259 --> 03:14:02,628 VERY WELL. 5386 03:14:02,628 --> 03:14:03,795 IN SPITE OF THE SUBSTANTIAL 5387 03:14:03,795 --> 03:14:05,130 REDUCTION IN AVAILABLE FUNDS FOR 5388 03:14:05,130 --> 03:14:07,032 THE CURRENT YEAR, THE WAY THAT 5389 03:14:07,032 --> 03:14:09,534 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE MANAGES ITS 5390 03:14:09,534 --> 03:14:11,169 FUNDS, IT'S ABLE TO COVER ALL 5391 03:14:11,169 --> 03:14:11,770 THE OUTYEAR COMMITMENTS WITH 5392 03:14:11,770 --> 03:14:14,406 ONLY SLIGHT ADJUSTMENTS, SO 5393 03:14:14,406 --> 03:14:16,575 ABOUT 10% DECREASED ON THE 5394 03:14:16,575 --> 03:14:20,812 OUTYEAR COSTS FOR MOST FORT 5395 03:14:20,812 --> 03:14:21,780 PROJECT BUT NOT ALL OF THE 5396 03:14:21,780 --> 03:14:22,881 PROJECTS. 5397 03:14:22,881 --> 03:14:24,416 THIS WAS DESCRIBED IN AN 5398 03:14:24,416 --> 03:14:26,785 ANNOUNCEMENT BACK IN APRIL. 5399 03:14:26,785 --> 03:14:29,655 MANY OF YOU MAY HAVE READ IT. 5400 03:14:29,655 --> 03:14:31,289 AND LAST THE REDUCTION ALSO 5401 03:14:31,289 --> 03:14:32,491 MEANS -- IN THIS BUDGET ALSO 5402 03:14:32,491 --> 03:14:34,960 MEANS THAT BRAIN WILL NEED TO 5403 03:14:34,960 --> 03:14:37,996 SEVERELY REDUCE THE NUMBER OF 5404 03:14:37,996 --> 03:14:41,133 AWARDS MADE THIS AND LIKELY NEXT 5405 03:14:41,133 --> 03:14:41,967 YEAR. 5406 03:14:41,967 --> 03:14:44,202 IN ADDITION, BRAIN HAS BEEN 5407 03:14:44,202 --> 03:14:45,637 CANCELING SOME OF THE NOFOs IN 5408 03:14:45,637 --> 03:14:48,573 PARTICULAR AREAS OF THE BRAIN 5409 03:14:48,573 --> 03:14:50,375 INITIATIVE AS -- YEAH, IT'S A 5410 03:14:50,375 --> 03:14:51,710 BIT OF A DOWNER. 5411 03:14:51,710 --> 03:14:51,910 OKAY. 5412 03:14:51,910 --> 03:14:53,578 SO THEN THE DIRECTOR NEXT 5413 03:14:53,578 --> 03:14:55,747 SHIFTED INTO SLIGHTLY MORE 5414 03:14:55,747 --> 03:14:57,482 POSITIVE NEWS BY WRECK NEEDING 5415 03:14:57,482 --> 03:15:01,620 SOME RECENT HONORS AND AWARDS 5416 03:15:01,620 --> 03:15:02,821 RECEIVED BY INVESTIGATORS WHO 5417 03:15:02,821 --> 03:15:04,623 HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN BRAIN 5418 03:15:04,623 --> 03:15:05,857 INITIATIVE PROJECTS. 5419 03:15:05,857 --> 03:15:13,165 THIS INCLUDES LARRY ADDBUT AND 5420 03:15:13,165 --> 03:15:14,599 SAM -- AND -- WHO RECEIVED THE 5421 03:15:14,599 --> 03:15:15,834 BRAIN PRIZE. 5422 03:15:15,834 --> 03:15:17,369 HE ALSO RECOGNIZED BRAIN 5423 03:15:17,369 --> 03:15:19,671 INITIATIVE INVESTIGATORS WHO ARE 5424 03:15:19,671 --> 03:15:20,939 NEWLY ENACTED MEMBERS OF THE 5425 03:15:20,939 --> 03:15:22,107 AMERICAN ACADEMY, NATIONAL 5426 03:15:22,107 --> 03:15:22,607 ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 5427 03:15:22,607 --> 03:15:25,977 THERE ARE QUITE A FEW. 5428 03:15:25,977 --> 03:15:27,279 NECK THE DIRECTOR SUMMARIZED 5429 03:15:27,279 --> 03:15:29,848 SOME OF THE RECENT BRAIN 5430 03:15:29,848 --> 03:15:32,918 INITIATIVE EVENTS, AND THESE 5431 03:15:32,918 --> 03:15:34,920 EVENTS INCLUDE A RECENT REQUEST 5432 03:15:34,920 --> 03:15:37,622 OF THE BRAIN INITIATIVE TO THE 5433 03:15:37,622 --> 03:15:38,890 10ICs FOR THEIR PERSPECTIVES 5434 03:15:38,890 --> 03:15:40,525 ON THE IMPACT OF THE BRAIN 5435 03:15:40,525 --> 03:15:42,394 INITIATIVE ON THEIR ICs' 5436 03:15:42,394 --> 03:15:45,464 INITIATIVES. 5437 03:15:45,464 --> 03:15:47,432 THUS FAR, THERE HAVE BEEN A FEW 5438 03:15:47,432 --> 03:15:49,067 ARTICLES PUBLISHED THAT HAVE 5439 03:15:49,067 --> 03:15:51,570 BEEN PROVIDED WITH MORE TO COME. 5440 03:15:51,570 --> 03:15:54,539 THEY'VE ALL -- THE FIRST TWO ARE 5441 03:15:54,539 --> 03:15:56,675 VERY KIND OF INSPIRING AND 5442 03:15:56,675 --> 03:15:57,876 ENCOURAGING THE IMPACT THE 5443 03:15:57,876 --> 03:15:59,578 BRAIN HAS HAD ON THE MISSION OF 5444 03:15:59,578 --> 03:16:00,145 THE ICs. 5445 03:16:00,145 --> 03:16:03,148 AS ALWAYS, BRAIN HOLDS WORKSHOPS 5446 03:16:03,148 --> 03:16:04,950 AND THE DIRECTOR HIGHLIGHTED A 5447 03:16:04,950 --> 03:16:07,452 RECENT WORKSHOP ON ADVANCING 5448 03:16:07,452 --> 03:16:08,120 HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE THROUGH 5449 03:16:08,120 --> 03:16:09,955 NEURAL STIMULATION AND 5450 03:16:09,955 --> 03:16:11,022 RECORDING. 5451 03:16:11,022 --> 03:16:12,758 THAT WAS HELD AT THE END OF MAY. 5452 03:16:12,758 --> 03:16:13,525 AND IN ADDITION TO THE 5453 03:16:13,525 --> 03:16:15,727 WORKSHOPS, THERE'S ALSO THE 5454 03:16:15,727 --> 03:16:16,595 UPCOMING TENTH ANNUAL BRAIN 5455 03:16:16,595 --> 03:16:17,295 INITIATIVE CONFERENCE, WHICH 5456 03:16:17,295 --> 03:16:19,731 WILL BE HELD IN JUNE. 5457 03:16:19,731 --> 03:16:25,737 IT'S A HYBRID FORMAT, AND OF 5458 03:16:25,737 --> 03:16:26,838 COURSE THE PURPOSE IS TO 5459 03:16:26,838 --> 03:16:28,206 CONTINUE TO BUILDED BRAIN 5460 03:16:28,206 --> 03:16:30,175 COMMUNITY AND TO PROVIDE A FORUM 5461 03:16:30,175 --> 03:16:32,244 FOR DISCUSSING ALL THE EXCITING 5462 03:16:32,244 --> 03:16:34,346 DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS 5463 03:16:34,346 --> 03:16:36,948 AND COLLABORATIONS. 5464 03:16:36,948 --> 03:16:38,049 THE DIRECTOR PROVIDED SOME 5465 03:16:38,049 --> 03:16:39,885 UPDATES ON BRAIN AWARDS 5466 03:16:39,885 --> 03:16:40,986 INCLUDING THE DISTRIBUTION OF 5467 03:16:40,986 --> 03:16:43,688 BRAIN FUNDED INVESTIGATORS 5468 03:16:43,688 --> 03:16:47,092 ACROSS THE U.S. AND ACROSS -- 5469 03:16:47,092 --> 03:16:49,995 WHICH SO FAR IT'S 30 OF 50 5470 03:16:49,995 --> 03:16:51,797 STATES, PRETTY DECENT OVER THE 5471 03:16:51,797 --> 03:16:55,467 YEARS. 5472 03:16:55,467 --> 03:16:57,002 WE ALSO DISCUSSED SOME OF THE 5473 03:16:57,002 --> 03:16:58,703 CHALLENGES OF DIVERSIFYING A 5474 03:16:58,703 --> 03:16:59,838 POOL OF FUNDED BRAIN 5475 03:16:59,838 --> 03:17:00,972 INVESTIGATORS AND SCHOLARS AND 5476 03:17:00,972 --> 03:17:02,073 DESCRIBED THE CURRENT PLANS AND 5477 03:17:02,073 --> 03:17:03,375 INITIATIVES AIMED AT ADDRESSING 5478 03:17:03,375 --> 03:17:05,677 THOSE CHALLENGES. 5479 03:17:05,677 --> 03:17:07,712 FOLLOWING THE UPDATE DISCUSSIONS 5480 03:17:07,712 --> 03:17:10,482 AND QUESTIONS AFTER THAT UPDATE, 5481 03:17:10,482 --> 03:17:11,983 WE'RE NATURALLY FOCUSED ON HOW 5482 03:17:11,983 --> 03:17:13,919 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE PLANS TO 5483 03:17:13,919 --> 03:17:15,887 HANDLE THE SUBSTANTIAL DECREASE 5484 03:17:15,887 --> 03:17:18,089 IN ITS BUDGET, FOR EXAMPLE, HOW 5485 03:17:18,089 --> 03:17:21,893 IT PLANS TO CONTINUE TO SUPPORT 5486 03:17:21,893 --> 03:17:23,295 TRAINING, WHICH PROJECTS AND 5487 03:17:23,295 --> 03:17:25,697 PRIORITIES SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED 5488 03:17:25,697 --> 03:17:27,365 FOR THE INITIATIVE, SO THAT WAS 5489 03:17:27,365 --> 03:17:31,336 A MAJOR SOURCE OF DISCUSSION. 5490 03:17:31,336 --> 03:17:33,004 ANY CASE FOR MORE DETAILS ON THE 5491 03:17:33,004 --> 03:17:34,639 UPDATES, I ENCOURAGE YOU TO VIEW 5492 03:17:34,639 --> 03:17:38,109 THE POSTED RECORDING OF THE 5493 03:17:38,109 --> 03:17:40,178 MEETING AND THAT'S PROBABLY 5494 03:17:40,178 --> 03:17:40,645 ENOUGH. 5495 03:17:40,645 --> 03:17:46,017 WE CAN GO EAT. 5496 03:17:46,017 --> 03:17:46,651 >> THANK YOU. 5497 03:17:46,651 --> 03:17:49,754 AND I WILL SEND A LINK TO THE 5498 03:17:49,754 --> 03:17:50,755 MULTI-COUNCIL WORK GROUP MEETING 5499 03:17:50,755 --> 03:17:52,824 IF YOU'RE INTERESTED IN SEEING 5500 03:17:52,824 --> 03:17:53,592 IT. 5501 03:17:53,592 --> 03:17:55,861 AND THANKS FOR ENDING ON A MORE 5502 03:17:55,861 --> 03:17:58,797 POSITIVE NOTE ABOUT THAT. 5503 03:17:58,797 --> 03:17:59,464 OKAY. 5504 03:17:59,464 --> 03:18:03,835 SO WE ARE AT LUNCHTIME. 5505 03:18:03,835 --> 03:18:05,670 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE LUNCH WHERE 5506 03:18:05,670 --> 03:18:07,973 WE USUALLY DO UP ON THE THIRD 5507 03:18:07,973 --> 03:18:09,608 FLOOR, BUT IF DUSTIN HAS A 5508 03:18:09,608 --> 03:18:10,942 MINUTE, I WOULD LOVE TO GET A 5509 03:18:10,942 --> 03:18:13,078 PICTURE OF US ALL BEFORE YOU DO 5510 03:18:13,078 --> 03:18:14,713 THE BIO BREAK AND THEN WE CAN 5511 03:18:14,713 --> 03:18:16,114 HEAD UP TO LUNCH. 5512 03:18:16,114 --> 03:18:18,283 SO WE'LL JUST MEET OUT, 5513 03:18:18,283 --> 03:18:19,718 COUNCILMEMBERS AND OUR SPEAKERS 5514 03:18:19,718 --> 03:18:21,486 AND LEADERSHIP WILL MEET OUT IN 5515 03:18:21,486 --> 03:18:23,388 THE LOBBY AND WE'LL SNAP A QUICK 5516 03:18:23,388 --> 03:18:24,389 PICTURE FOR THIS MEETING, AND 5517 03:18:24,389 --> 03:18:27,425 THEN WE'LL BE BACK FOR -- WE'LL 5518 03:18:27,425 --> 03:18:29,160 BE BACK AT 1:00 AND WE'LL STILL 5519 03:18:29,160 --> 03:18:30,228 BE IN THE OPEN SESSION. THANKS. 5520 03:18:30,228 --> 03:18:30,966 SEE YOU LATER, MAUREEN. 5521 03:18:34,755 --> 03:18:36,357 I HOPE EVERYBODY ENJOYED THEIR 5522 03:18:36,357 --> 03:18:36,724 LUNCH. 5523 03:18:36,724 --> 03:18:38,259 PLEASE GO AHEAD AND TAKE YOUR 5524 03:18:38,259 --> 03:18:39,026 SEAT. 5525 03:18:39,026 --> 03:18:40,895 WE ARE STILL IN THE OPEN 5526 03:18:40,895 --> 03:18:41,128 SESSION. 5527 03:18:41,128 --> 03:18:42,229 AND WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT MORE 5528 03:18:42,229 --> 03:18:52,506 BUSINESS TO DO. 5529 03:18:58,746 --> 03:18:59,179 GREAT. 5530 03:18:59,179 --> 03:19:00,047 THANKS. 5531 03:19:00,047 --> 03:19:01,215 OKAY. 5532 03:19:01,215 --> 03:19:04,218 SO FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE OPEN 5533 03:19:04,218 --> 03:19:05,753 SESSION, WE HAVE TWO CONCEPT 5534 03:19:05,753 --> 03:19:06,954 CLEARANCES TO PRESENT TO YOU FOR 5535 03:19:06,954 --> 03:19:10,090 YOUR CONSIDERATION. 5536 03:19:10,090 --> 03:19:12,359 JUST A REMINDER AS WE BRING 5537 03:19:12,359 --> 03:19:14,595 CONCEPTS THAT WE'VE DEVELOPED 5538 03:19:14,595 --> 03:19:16,564 FOR POTENTIAL FUNDING 5539 03:19:16,564 --> 03:19:18,799 INITIATIVES, AND WE BRING THEM 5540 03:19:18,799 --> 03:19:20,234 TO YOU TO GET YOUR INPUT AND TO 5541 03:19:20,234 --> 03:19:22,836 GET YOUR APPROVAL OR NOT TO MOVE 5542 03:19:22,836 --> 03:19:25,639 FORWARD WITH DEVELOPING THE 5543 03:19:25,639 --> 03:19:27,074 INITIATIVE. 5544 03:19:27,074 --> 03:19:29,376 SO WE LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR 5545 03:19:29,376 --> 03:19:30,477 FEEDBACK. 5546 03:19:30,477 --> 03:19:32,980 THE FIRST CONCEPT IS GOING TO BE 5547 03:19:32,980 --> 03:19:35,482 PRESENTED BY DR. SANGEETA 5548 03:19:35,482 --> 03:19:45,659 BHARGAVA. 5549 03:19:48,596 --> 03:19:51,832 >> THANK YOU. 5550 03:19:51,832 --> 03:19:52,499 GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 5551 03:19:52,499 --> 03:19:54,134 MY NAME IS SANGEETA BHARGAVA, 5552 03:19:54,134 --> 03:19:57,271 AND I'M GOING TO BE PRESENTING 5553 03:19:57,271 --> 03:19:58,205 THE FIRST CONCEPT TODAY, WHICH 5554 03:19:58,205 --> 03:20:02,643 IS THE NEI NEW INNOVATOR AWARD. 5555 03:20:02,643 --> 03:20:04,445 BEFORE I MOVE MY SLIDES TO THE 5556 03:20:04,445 --> 03:20:07,281 NEXT ONE, I DO WANT TO THANK MY 5557 03:20:07,281 --> 03:20:08,716 TRAINING COLLEAGUES, WHO HELPED 5558 03:20:08,716 --> 03:20:11,619 ME A LOT IN THIS CONCEPT AND 5559 03:20:11,619 --> 03:20:17,925 THINKING ABOUT IT VERY CLEARLY. 5560 03:20:17,925 --> 03:20:19,827 SO TODAY'S TALK IN THE 5561 03:20:19,827 --> 03:20:21,929 DIRECTOR'S AWARD, DR. CHIANG 5562 03:20:21,929 --> 03:20:24,598 POINTED OUT IN THE NEI STRATEGIC 5563 03:20:24,598 --> 03:20:28,535 PLAN, ONE OF THE CORNERS WE HAVE 5564 03:20:28,535 --> 03:20:30,838 IS RECRUIT, INSPIRE AND TRAIN A 5565 03:20:30,838 --> 03:20:32,439 TALENTED AND A DIVERSE NEW 5566 03:20:32,439 --> 03:20:34,208 GENERATION OF INDIVIDUALS TO 5567 03:20:34,208 --> 03:20:36,110 EXPAND AND STRENGTHEN THE VISION 5568 03:20:36,110 --> 03:20:38,912 WORKFORCE. 5569 03:20:38,912 --> 03:20:42,049 THE GOAL OF THIS CONCEPT IS TO 5570 03:20:42,049 --> 03:20:43,250 SUPPORT POSTDOCTORAL AS WELL AS 5571 03:20:43,250 --> 03:20:45,452 OTHER CANDIDATES IN 5572 03:20:45,452 --> 03:20:47,588 NON-INDEPENDENT POSITIONS OR 5573 03:20:47,588 --> 03:20:50,424 NEWLY INDEPENDENT EARLY STAGE 5574 03:20:50,424 --> 03:20:51,892 INVESTIGATORS THAT SHOW 5575 03:20:51,892 --> 03:20:53,327 EXCEPTIONAL CREATIVITY, WHO 5576 03:20:53,327 --> 03:20:55,295 PROPOSE NOVEL, ORIGINAL AND 5577 03:20:55,295 --> 03:20:57,297 INSIGHTFUL RESEARCH CONCEPTS 5578 03:20:57,297 --> 03:20:59,066 WITH THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE A 5579 03:20:59,066 --> 03:21:02,236 MAJOR IMPACT, TEST SCIENTIFIC 5580 03:21:02,236 --> 03:21:04,171 PARADIGMS, OR ADVANCE KEY 5581 03:21:04,171 --> 03:21:07,875 CONCEPTS ON TACKLING SOME OF THE 5582 03:21:07,875 --> 03:21:09,777 IMPORTANT PROBLEMS RELATED TO 5583 03:21:09,777 --> 03:21:13,247 THE NEI. 5584 03:21:13,247 --> 03:21:15,315 THE RATIONALE FOR THIS CONCEPT 5585 03:21:15,315 --> 03:21:19,119 CAME FROM TWO OBSERVATIONS. 5586 03:21:19,119 --> 03:21:20,354 THE FIRST ONE WAS THAT WE'VE 5587 03:21:20,354 --> 03:21:23,123 BEEN MONITORING THE PERCENTAGE 5588 03:21:23,123 --> 03:21:25,759 CHANGE OF F32 SUBMISSION FOR THE 5589 03:21:25,759 --> 03:21:27,094 LAST FIVE YEARS. 5590 03:21:27,094 --> 03:21:30,297 AND ON MY RIGHT -- ON THE 5591 03:21:30,297 --> 03:21:32,433 RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THIS IS A 5592 03:21:32,433 --> 03:21:33,834 LINE GRAPH WHICH IS DESCRIBING 5593 03:21:33,834 --> 03:21:40,641 THE PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE F3O 5594 03:21:40,641 --> 03:21:42,276 PRESENT. 5595 03:21:42,276 --> 03:21:42,576 THAT'S '24. 5596 03:21:42,576 --> 03:21:46,814 , THE X AXIS IS DENOTING THE 5597 03:21:46,814 --> 03:21:48,415 YEARS THAT YOU CAN SEE HERE, AND 5598 03:21:48,415 --> 03:21:50,017 THE Y AXIS DENOTES THE 5599 03:21:50,017 --> 03:21:54,421 PERCENTAGE FROM ZERO TO 140. 5600 03:21:54,421 --> 03:21:56,790 WHAT WE DID SEE IN THE LAST FIVE 5601 03:21:56,790 --> 03:21:59,827 YEARS, THAT THERE WAS A DRAMATIC 5602 03:21:59,827 --> 03:22:02,029 DROP IN THE F32 SUBMISSIONS. 5603 03:22:02,029 --> 03:22:06,633 THIS IS FROM 2019 TO 2024, MORE 5604 03:22:06,633 --> 03:22:09,436 THAN 50% DROP OUT. 5605 03:22:09,436 --> 03:22:10,838 WHEN WE COMPARED THIS TREND WITH 5606 03:22:10,838 --> 03:22:14,208 OUR OTHER SISTER AGENCIES AND 5607 03:22:14,208 --> 03:22:16,977 THESE WERE NIDCD, WHICH IS THE 5608 03:22:16,977 --> 03:22:19,012 DEAFNESS AND COMMUNICATIONS 5609 03:22:19,012 --> 03:22:21,181 DISORDER, THE NINDS, WHICH IS 5610 03:22:21,181 --> 03:22:25,219 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 5611 03:22:25,219 --> 03:22:27,054 NEUROLOGY AND STROKE, AND AS 5612 03:22:27,054 --> 03:22:28,355 WELL AS THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 5613 03:22:28,355 --> 03:22:30,624 OF MENTAL HEALTH, WE FOUND A 5614 03:22:30,624 --> 03:22:34,394 SIMILAR TREND THAT THERE WAS A 5615 03:22:34,394 --> 03:22:36,230 PERCENTAGE DECREASE IN THE 5616 03:22:36,230 --> 03:22:43,036 F32 SUBMISSIONS. 5617 03:22:43,036 --> 03:22:44,204 THE SECOND OBSERVATION WAS 5618 03:22:44,204 --> 03:22:45,405 AROUND 2022, THERE WAS AN 5619 03:22:45,405 --> 03:22:46,807 ADVISORY COMMITTEE THAT WAS SET 5620 03:22:46,807 --> 03:22:50,310 UP TO REENVISION THE NIH 5621 03:22:50,310 --> 03:22:52,379 SUPPORTED POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING, 5622 03:22:52,379 --> 03:22:54,648 AND THE WORKING GROUP CHARGE WAS 5623 03:22:54,648 --> 03:22:57,251 TO EXPLORE THE POSTDOCTORAL 5624 03:22:57,251 --> 03:22:59,186 TRAINING SYSTEM, IDENTIFY AND 5625 03:22:59,186 --> 03:23:03,023 UNDERSTAND THE CRITICAL FACTORS 5626 03:23:03,023 --> 03:23:04,458 AND ISSUES THAT WERE RELATING TO 5627 03:23:04,458 --> 03:23:07,494 ITS DECLINE OF POSTDOCTORAL 5628 03:23:07,494 --> 03:23:08,095 FELLOWS, AND AT THE SAME TIME, 5629 03:23:08,095 --> 03:23:10,063 PROVIDE US WITH RECOMMENDATIONS 5630 03:23:10,063 --> 03:23:17,070 TO ADDRESS THOSE FACTORS. 5631 03:23:17,070 --> 03:23:21,208 SO LAST YEAR IN LATE 2023, THE 5632 03:23:21,208 --> 03:23:22,276 ADVISORY COMMITTEE DID PROVIDE 5633 03:23:22,276 --> 03:23:25,746 US WITH SIX RECOMMENDATIONS. 5634 03:23:25,746 --> 03:23:27,614 THE RECOMMENDATIONS WERE BASED 5635 03:23:27,614 --> 03:23:31,285 ON IMPROVING THE POSTDOCTORAL 5636 03:23:31,285 --> 03:23:32,853 EXPERIENCE FOR THE POSTDOCTORAL 5637 03:23:32,853 --> 03:23:34,054 SCHOLARS AS WELL AS FOR THE 5638 03:23:34,054 --> 03:23:36,156 BROADER BIOMEDICAL ECOSYSTEM. 5639 03:23:36,156 --> 03:23:37,257 AND I'M GOING TO GO THROUGH EACH 5640 03:23:37,257 --> 03:23:40,060 ONE OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS, SO 5641 03:23:40,060 --> 03:23:41,261 BEAR WITH ME, PLEASE. 5642 03:23:41,261 --> 03:23:42,896 THE RECOMMENDATION ONE WAS TO 5643 03:23:42,896 --> 03:23:44,131 INCREASE PAY AND BENEFITS FOR 5644 03:23:44,131 --> 03:23:47,034 ALL NIH-SUPPORTED POSTDOCTORAL 5645 03:23:47,034 --> 03:23:47,868 SCHOLARS. 5646 03:23:47,868 --> 03:23:49,736 THAT WAS THE TOP PRIORITY AND AS 5647 03:23:49,736 --> 03:23:51,438 ALL OF YOU KNOW, THE HIV HAS 5648 03:23:51,438 --> 03:23:53,707 IMPLEMENTED THAT. 5649 03:23:53,707 --> 03:23:55,709 RECOMMENDATION TWO, CREATE AND 5650 03:23:55,709 --> 03:23:57,277 EXPAND MECHANISMS TO SUPPORT THE 5651 03:23:57,277 --> 03:24:00,747 FULL TALENT OF POSTDOCTORAL 5652 03:24:00,747 --> 03:24:01,415 SCHOLARS. 5653 03:24:01,415 --> 03:24:03,517 RECOMMENDATION THREE, FACILITATE 5654 03:24:03,517 --> 03:24:06,386 THE TRANSITION OF POSTDOCTORAL 5655 03:24:06,386 --> 03:24:07,855 SCHOLARS INTO THE NEXT CAREER 5656 03:24:07,855 --> 03:24:09,890 STAGE, INCLUDING ROLES BEYOND 5657 03:24:09,890 --> 03:24:11,792 ACADEMIC FACULTY. 5658 03:24:11,792 --> 03:24:12,693 RECOMMENDATION FOUR, PROMOTE 5659 03:24:12,693 --> 03:24:14,194 TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL 5660 03:24:14,194 --> 03:24:16,163 DEVELOPMENT OF POSTDOCTORAL 5661 03:24:16,163 --> 03:24:20,367 SCHOLARS AND THEIR MENTORS. 5662 03:24:20,367 --> 03:24:21,935 RECOMMENDATION FIVE, SUPPORT 5663 03:24:21,935 --> 03:24:24,271 SAFE AND DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES 5664 03:24:24,271 --> 03:24:26,573 AND RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS WITHIN 5665 03:24:26,573 --> 03:24:27,674 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS. 5666 03:24:27,674 --> 03:24:30,744 AND THE LAST RECOMMENDATION WAS 5667 03:24:30,744 --> 03:24:32,913 TO IMPROVE MEANS TO MEASURE AND 5668 03:24:32,913 --> 03:24:34,982 SHARE POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLARS AND 5669 03:24:34,982 --> 03:24:37,451 CAREER PROGRESSIONS. 5670 03:24:37,451 --> 03:24:40,554 SO INCORPORATING ALL THE 5671 03:24:40,554 --> 03:24:41,722 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WERE 5672 03:24:41,722 --> 03:24:43,156 PROVIDED BY THE ADVISORY 5673 03:24:43,156 --> 03:24:44,391 COMMITTEE TO THE DIRECTOR 5674 03:24:44,391 --> 03:24:47,327 WORKING GROUP, THIS NEW CONCEPT, 5675 03:24:47,327 --> 03:24:51,698 WHICH IS THE NEI NEW INNOVATOR 5676 03:24:51,698 --> 03:24:55,068 PROGRAM, HAS TWO FOCUSES, BOTH 5677 03:24:55,068 --> 03:24:56,203 PROGRAM AS WELL AS THE 5678 03:24:56,203 --> 03:24:56,737 PERSON-FOCUSED. 5679 03:24:56,737 --> 03:24:59,006 SO WE HAVE THE FOLLOWING 5680 03:24:59,006 --> 03:24:59,306 OBJECTIVES. 5681 03:24:59,306 --> 03:25:01,275 ONE IS THAT THIS PROGRAM WILL BE 5682 03:25:01,275 --> 03:25:03,343 AVAILABLE TO BOTH U.S. AND 5683 03:25:03,343 --> 03:25:06,013 NON-U.S. CITIZENS IN U.S.-BASED 5684 03:25:06,013 --> 03:25:07,247 INS TUESDAYS. 5685 03:25:07,247 --> 03:25:08,682 THE APPLICANTS FOR THIS AWARD 5686 03:25:08,682 --> 03:25:11,985 MUST HAVE A RESEARCH OR A 5687 03:25:11,985 --> 03:25:13,353 CLINICAL DOCTORATE OR BOTH. 5688 03:25:13,353 --> 03:25:14,421 THE APPLICANTS WILL BE 5689 03:25:14,421 --> 03:25:16,523 ENCOURAGED TO EMPHASIZE 5690 03:25:16,523 --> 03:25:18,659 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY. 5691 03:25:18,659 --> 03:25:20,427 THE REVIEW PROCESS WILL BE 5692 03:25:20,427 --> 03:25:23,230 DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE USUAL 5693 03:25:23,230 --> 03:25:25,432 R01, WHERE IT WILL BE -- THE 5694 03:25:25,432 --> 03:25:26,633 EMPHASIS WILL BE ON THE 5695 03:25:26,633 --> 03:25:28,135 INDIVIDUAL'S CREATIVITY, THE 5696 03:25:28,135 --> 03:25:29,636 INNOVATIVENESS OF THE RESEARCH 5697 03:25:29,636 --> 03:25:33,140 APPROACHES, AND THE POTENTIAL OF 5698 03:25:33,140 --> 03:25:35,976 THE PROJECT, WHAT ITS 5699 03:25:35,976 --> 03:25:37,110 SIGNIFICANT IMPACT WOULD BE ON 5700 03:25:37,110 --> 03:25:39,079 THE NEI MISSION. 5701 03:25:39,079 --> 03:25:41,815 LASTLY, THE APPLICANTS PROPOSING 5702 03:25:41,815 --> 03:25:43,016 UNEXPECTED CONVERGENCE OF 5703 03:25:43,016 --> 03:25:45,319 DISCIPLINES, NEW SCIENTIFIC 5704 03:25:45,319 --> 03:25:47,721 DIRECTIONS, WILL BE ENCOURAGED, 5705 03:25:47,721 --> 03:25:49,423 AND INDIVIDUALS FROM DIVERSE 5706 03:25:49,423 --> 03:25:50,791 BACKGROUNDS IN ANY TOPIC 5707 03:25:50,791 --> 03:25:52,726 RELEVANT TO THE MISSION OF THE 5708 03:25:52,726 --> 03:25:57,264 NEI WILL BE ENCOURAGED. 5709 03:25:57,264 --> 03:26:01,335 SO JUST ULTIMATELY THE AIM IS TO 5710 03:26:01,335 --> 03:26:03,804 FACILITATE THE MOVEMENT OF 5711 03:26:03,804 --> 03:26:04,504 TALENTED POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLARS 5712 03:26:04,504 --> 03:26:05,973 AND CANDIDATES IN 5713 03:26:05,973 --> 03:26:08,775 NON-INDEPENDENT POSITIONS INTO 5714 03:26:08,775 --> 03:26:11,078 MORE INDEPENDENT POSITIONS, AND 5715 03:26:11,078 --> 03:26:15,215 TO SUPPORT TALENTED NEW 5716 03:26:15,215 --> 03:26:15,882 INVESTIGATORS AT THE SAME TIME. 5717 03:26:15,882 --> 03:26:17,184 AND WITH THAT, I'M HAPPY TO TAKE 5718 03:26:17,184 --> 03:26:19,052 ANY QUESTIONS AND THANK YOU FOR 5719 03:26:19,052 --> 03:26:20,687 YOUR ATTENTION. 5720 03:26:20,687 --> 03:26:22,956 >> THANK YOU, SANGEETA. 5721 03:26:22,956 --> 03:26:24,825 SO I WENT AHEAD AND ASSIGNED A 5722 03:26:24,825 --> 03:26:27,494 COUPLE OF DISCUSSANTS FOR THIS 5723 03:26:27,494 --> 03:26:28,996 JUST TO KICK OFF THE DISCUSSION, 5724 03:26:28,996 --> 03:26:31,865 BUT WE ALSO WANT TO HEAR 5725 03:26:31,865 --> 03:26:33,100 EVERYBODY'S INPUT ON THIS. 5726 03:26:33,100 --> 03:26:33,967 WE HAVE ABOUT 10 MINUTES FOR 5727 03:26:33,967 --> 03:26:34,768 THIS. 5728 03:26:34,768 --> 03:26:38,372 SO I'M GOING TO -- FOR THIS ONE, 5729 03:26:38,372 --> 03:26:44,578 I ASSIGNED DRS. DANA AND MOORE, 5730 03:26:44,578 --> 03:26:45,846 SO LET ME START WITH DR. DANA. 5731 03:26:45,846 --> 03:26:46,213 >> THANK YOU. 5732 03:26:46,213 --> 03:26:50,417 THANK YOU FOR THE PRESENTATION, 5733 03:26:50,417 --> 03:26:53,620 REZA DANA FROM BOSTON. 5734 03:26:53,620 --> 03:26:54,888 THE DROP IN POSTDOCTORAL 5735 03:26:54,888 --> 03:26:56,456 SCHOLARS IS INDEED PRECIPITOUS. 5736 03:26:56,456 --> 03:26:58,058 THAT IS ALARMING BUT CERTAINLY 5737 03:26:58,058 --> 03:26:58,592 NOT SURPRISING. 5738 03:26:58,592 --> 03:27:00,260 AND THERE ARE MANY REASONS FOR 5739 03:27:00,260 --> 03:27:00,594 THIS. 5740 03:27:00,594 --> 03:27:03,463 THIS IS CERTAINLY A 5741 03:27:03,463 --> 03:27:04,331 MULTIFACTORIAL PROBLEM. 5742 03:27:04,331 --> 03:27:06,433 WE ALL KNOW THE CHALLENGES FACED 5743 03:27:06,433 --> 03:27:09,369 BY P.I.s, AND I THINK 5744 03:27:09,369 --> 03:27:12,305 POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLARS SEE THAT. 5745 03:27:12,305 --> 03:27:14,574 HISTORICALLY, WHEN THE FEDERAL 5746 03:27:14,574 --> 03:27:16,176 SITUATION BECAME PROBLEMATIC, 5747 03:27:16,176 --> 03:27:19,946 INDUSTRY WAS ABLE TO STEP IN, 5748 03:27:19,946 --> 03:27:21,314 AND I THINK IN THE LAST FEW 5749 03:27:21,314 --> 03:27:22,749 YEARS, WE KNOW THAT'S FINANCING 5750 03:27:22,749 --> 03:27:25,986 OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ESPECIALLY 5751 03:27:25,986 --> 03:27:29,289 IN THE OPT T OPHTHALMIC AREA HAN 5752 03:27:29,289 --> 03:27:31,324 VERY PROBLEMATIC AND, THEREFORE, 5753 03:27:31,324 --> 03:27:33,560 RATHER BLEAK FOR BOTH P.I.s AS 5754 03:27:33,560 --> 03:27:34,861 WELL AS POSTDOCS WHO ARE 5755 03:27:34,861 --> 03:27:35,629 CONSIDERING CAREERS IN THE 5756 03:27:35,629 --> 03:27:36,463 FIELD. 5757 03:27:36,463 --> 03:27:38,298 SO OF COURSE ANY MEASURE THAT 5758 03:27:38,298 --> 03:27:41,735 WILL HAVE A MEANINGFUL IMPACT ON 5759 03:27:41,735 --> 03:27:49,276 THIS DECLINE SHOULD BE SUPPOR 5760 03:27:49,276 --> 03:27:50,077 SUPPORTED, HOWEVER, WE NEED TO 5761 03:27:50,077 --> 03:27:51,845 PUT THIS IN CONTEXT AND FIND 5762 03:27:51,845 --> 03:27:52,446 OUT, FOR EXAMPLE, HOW MANY OF 5763 03:27:52,446 --> 03:27:55,215 THESE ARE BEING CONTEMPLATED TO 5764 03:27:55,215 --> 03:27:55,982 BE FUNDED? 5765 03:27:55,982 --> 03:27:58,218 IF THE NUMBERS ARE NOT 5766 03:27:58,218 --> 03:27:58,985 SUFFICIENT, THIS WILL 5767 03:27:58,985 --> 03:28:05,425 ESSENTIALLY BECOME A PRIC PRIZET 5768 03:28:05,425 --> 03:28:07,994 WILL LOOK GOOD ON SOMEONE'S CV 5769 03:28:07,994 --> 03:28:09,830 BUT DOUBTFUL THAT IT WILL IMPACT 5770 03:28:09,830 --> 03:28:10,997 AT ALL THE TREND. 5771 03:28:10,997 --> 03:28:11,731 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE SEEING RIGHT 5772 03:28:11,731 --> 03:28:11,898 NOW. 5773 03:28:11,898 --> 03:28:13,300 SO I THINK THE NUMBERS OF THESE 5774 03:28:13,300 --> 03:28:14,701 AWARDS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. 5775 03:28:14,701 --> 03:28:17,104 I PERSONALLY WOULD RATHER SEE 5776 03:28:17,104 --> 03:28:22,209 MORE OF THESE WITH LESS, IF YOU 5777 03:28:22,209 --> 03:28:23,677 WILL, DOLLAR AMOUNTS PER AWARD 5778 03:28:23,677 --> 03:28:26,279 AS OPPOSED TO A LARGE CHUNK THAT 5779 03:28:26,279 --> 03:28:29,116 WILL BE, AGAIN, VERY PRESTIGIOUS 5780 03:28:29,116 --> 03:28:31,351 FOR THE RECIPIENT BUT NOT 5781 03:28:31,351 --> 03:28:32,385 PARTICULARLY MEANINGFUL FOR THE 5782 03:28:32,385 --> 03:28:37,290 FIELD AND FOR THE COMMUNITY. 5783 03:28:37,290 --> 03:28:39,359 THESE MEASURES, AGAIN, DEPENDING 5784 03:28:39,359 --> 03:28:42,729 ON WHAT THEY ARE, CAN BE 5785 03:28:42,729 --> 03:28:43,763 SELF-LIMITING IN THE EFFECT THAT 5786 03:28:43,763 --> 03:28:45,132 THEY HAVE, BUT I THINK ALL 5787 03:28:45,132 --> 03:28:46,766 THINGS CONSIDERED, I THINK IT'S 5788 03:28:46,766 --> 03:28:47,734 A GOOD IDEA. 5789 03:28:47,734 --> 03:28:48,702 ONE QUESTION THAT I HAVE IN 5790 03:28:48,702 --> 03:28:50,370 ADDITION TO THE NUMBER THAT 5791 03:28:50,370 --> 03:28:53,006 YOU'RE CONTEMPLATING IS, WHAT 5792 03:28:53,006 --> 03:28:54,407 OTHER INSTITUTES AT THE NIH HAVE 5793 03:28:54,407 --> 03:28:57,144 SIMILAR MECHANISMS? 5794 03:28:57,144 --> 03:28:58,145 I'M ASSUMING THAT YOU'RE 5795 03:28:58,145 --> 03:28:59,746 MODELING THIS AFTER 5796 03:28:59,746 --> 03:29:02,382 ALREADY-EXISTING PROGRAMS. 5797 03:29:02,382 --> 03:29:02,649 THANK YOU. 5798 03:29:02,649 --> 03:29:06,219 >> THANK YOU, REZA, FOR THAT 5799 03:29:06,219 --> 03:29:06,486 QUESTION. 5800 03:29:06,486 --> 03:29:07,621 SO THERE IS A COMMON FUND THAT 5801 03:29:07,621 --> 03:29:10,891 HAS A SIMILAR MODEL, AND THEY 5802 03:29:10,891 --> 03:29:13,260 HAD STARTED IN 2014, SO THERE IS 5803 03:29:13,260 --> 03:29:14,861 10 YEARS DATA OF THAT. 5804 03:29:14,861 --> 03:29:18,965 BUT MORE RECENTLY, NIAID HAS 5805 03:29:18,965 --> 03:29:21,835 THEIR OWN DP2 PROGRAM, AND THEY 5806 03:29:21,835 --> 03:29:24,738 STARTED IN 2019, AND THEY HAVE 5807 03:29:24,738 --> 03:29:27,474 JUST REISSUED THEIR -- AGAIN, 5808 03:29:27,474 --> 03:29:30,310 THEIR FUNDING OPPORTUNITY, AND 5809 03:29:30,310 --> 03:29:32,712 THEY HAVE HAD VERY GOOD SUCCESS 5810 03:29:32,712 --> 03:29:35,382 IN BRINGING POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS 5811 03:29:35,382 --> 03:29:38,852 INTO MORE INDEPENDENT POSITIONS, 5812 03:29:38,852 --> 03:29:42,155 AS WELL AS THE NEW EARLY STAGE 5813 03:29:42,155 --> 03:29:43,423 INVESTIGATORS GETTING THESE 5814 03:29:43,423 --> 03:29:46,159 AWARDS AND GOING ON TO GETTING 5815 03:29:46,159 --> 03:29:48,495 THEIR SUBSEQUENT R01s OR 5816 03:29:48,495 --> 03:29:49,496 R21s, WHATEVER THEY NEED, SO 5817 03:29:49,496 --> 03:29:51,965 THEY'VE HAD VERY GOOD SUCCESS. 5818 03:29:51,965 --> 03:29:53,500 AND THERE ARE SOME LESSONS 5819 03:29:53,500 --> 03:29:56,369 LEARNED FROM THAT INSTITUTE THAT 5820 03:29:56,369 --> 03:29:59,372 I HAVE BEEN TALKING WITH THEM. 5821 03:29:59,372 --> 03:30:02,409 SO IT'S BEEN VERY ENCOURAGING 5822 03:30:02,409 --> 03:30:03,910 ACTUALLY TO SEE THAT. 5823 03:30:03,910 --> 03:30:05,212 >> AND APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY OF 5824 03:30:05,212 --> 03:30:07,614 THESE AWARDS DO YOU ANTICIPATE 5825 03:30:07,614 --> 03:30:10,217 COMING FROM THE NEI? 5826 03:30:10,217 --> 03:30:11,751 >> SO IT ALL DEPENDS, A, ON THE 5827 03:30:11,751 --> 03:30:12,953 BUDGET AS YOU KNOW FOR 5828 03:30:12,953 --> 03:30:13,653 EVERYTHING. 5829 03:30:13,653 --> 03:30:15,789 IT ALSO DEPENDS ON THE 5830 03:30:15,789 --> 03:30:17,524 MERITORIOUS APPLICATIONS, BUT 5831 03:30:17,524 --> 03:30:20,460 OUR INTENT IS TO SUPPORT AS MANY 5832 03:30:20,460 --> 03:30:21,161 AS MERITORIOUS APPLICATIONS AS 5833 03:30:21,161 --> 03:30:24,564 WE CAN. 5834 03:30:24,564 --> 03:30:30,904 >> THANK YOU. 5835 03:30:30,904 --> 03:30:32,672 >> I GUESS I'M SO STRUCK BY THE 5836 03:30:32,672 --> 03:30:36,843 NUMBERS THAT YOU SHOWED, F32s. 5837 03:30:36,843 --> 03:30:37,811 IS THERE MORE INFORMATION ON THE 5838 03:30:37,811 --> 03:30:39,346 BASIS OF THAT OR -- BECAUSE IF 5839 03:30:39,346 --> 03:30:41,781 IT'S ACROSS INSTITUTES, WHAT WAS 5840 03:30:41,781 --> 03:30:42,415 DRIVING -- WHAT'S DRIVING THAT 5841 03:30:42,415 --> 03:30:43,683 OR WHAT DO WE THINK IS DRIVING 5842 03:30:43,683 --> 03:30:43,883 THAT? 5843 03:30:43,883 --> 03:30:48,455 >> WELL, WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE 5844 03:30:48,455 --> 03:30:50,156 ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT, THERE 5845 03:30:50,156 --> 03:30:51,091 WERE MULTIPLE FACTORS. 5846 03:30:51,091 --> 03:30:52,826 I THINK ONE OF THEM THAT REALLY 5847 03:30:52,826 --> 03:30:55,362 CAME OUT WAS THE SALARY. 5848 03:30:55,362 --> 03:30:57,430 THE SECOND ONE, YOU KNOW, WAS 5849 03:30:57,430 --> 03:30:59,232 COVID EPIDEMIC, THAT WAS ANOTHER 5850 03:30:59,232 --> 03:31:01,134 FACTOR THAT CAME OUT, BUT THERE 5851 03:31:01,134 --> 03:31:03,436 WERE MULTIPLE THINGS THAT CAME 5852 03:31:03,436 --> 03:31:06,806 OUT, AND ALSO THE SALARY WAS ONE 5853 03:31:06,806 --> 03:31:09,609 OF THE BIG THINGS FOR MAKING THE 5854 03:31:09,609 --> 03:31:11,911 POSTDOCS GOING TO INDUSTRY MORE 5855 03:31:11,911 --> 03:31:13,680 THAN GOING INTO MORE INDEPENDENT 5856 03:31:13,680 --> 03:31:16,116 ACADEMIC PLACES. 5857 03:31:16,116 --> 03:31:19,819 ALSO, YOU KNOW, A LOT OF 5858 03:31:19,819 --> 03:31:22,088 INSTITUTIONS TRYING TO HOLD ON 5859 03:31:22,088 --> 03:31:25,292 TO POSTDOCTORAL -- NOT GIVING 5860 03:31:25,292 --> 03:31:27,160 THE POSTDOCTORAL NAME BUT HAVING 5861 03:31:27,160 --> 03:31:32,332 SOME DIFFERENT NAMES WHICH ARE 5862 03:31:32,332 --> 03:31:33,667 RATHER NON-INDEPENDENT, I THINK 5863 03:31:33,667 --> 03:31:34,801 WAS ANOTHER FACTOR THAT CAME 5864 03:31:34,801 --> 03:31:35,101 OUT. 5865 03:31:35,101 --> 03:31:37,137 SO THERE WERE MULTIPLE FACTORS 5866 03:31:37,137 --> 03:31:38,371 THAT CAME OUT INTO THAT REPORT 5867 03:31:38,371 --> 03:31:39,339 THAT LED TO THESE 5868 03:31:39,339 --> 03:31:39,706 RECOMMENDATIONS. 5869 03:31:39,706 --> 03:31:42,442 >> I SEE. 5870 03:31:42,442 --> 03:31:45,011 I GUESS FOR THE NEW INNOVATOR 5871 03:31:45,011 --> 03:31:47,147 AWARD, I NOTICE IT SAYS BOTH 5872 03:31:47,147 --> 03:31:48,348 U.S. AND NON-U.S. CITIZENS. 5873 03:31:48,348 --> 03:31:48,948 >> YES. 5874 03:31:48,948 --> 03:31:50,383 >> AM I WRONG THAT THAT'S A 5875 03:31:50,383 --> 03:31:50,617 NOVELTY? 5876 03:31:50,617 --> 03:31:51,418 >> YES. 5877 03:31:51,418 --> 03:31:53,053 >> OKAY. 5878 03:31:53,053 --> 03:31:54,187 THAT'S -- OKAY. 5879 03:31:54,187 --> 03:31:58,391 >> I MEAN, I THINK BECAUSE THE 5880 03:31:58,391 --> 03:32:00,327 POSTDOCTORALS -- I THINK THERE 5881 03:32:00,327 --> 03:32:02,362 WAS FOR BOTH U.S. AND NON-U.S. 5882 03:32:02,362 --> 03:32:05,198 CITIZENS, YES, TO BE -- BUT THE 5883 03:32:05,198 --> 03:32:06,633 INSTITUTION THAT CAN APPLY WOULD 5884 03:32:06,633 --> 03:32:08,835 BE A U.S.-BASED INSTITUTION. 5885 03:32:08,835 --> 03:32:09,336 >> RIGHT. 5886 03:32:09,336 --> 03:32:11,705 >> THE APPLICANTS CAN BE U.S. 5887 03:32:11,705 --> 03:32:14,708 CITIZENS OR NON-U.S. CITIZENS. 5888 03:32:14,708 --> 03:32:15,008 >> OKAY. 5889 03:32:15,008 --> 03:32:16,343 MAYBE I'VE JUST FORGOTTEN, BUT 5890 03:32:16,343 --> 03:32:20,046 REMIND ME, FOR THE TRADITIONAL 5891 03:32:20,046 --> 03:32:22,148 F32s, YOU HAVE TO BE A U.S. 5892 03:32:22,148 --> 03:32:22,382 CITIZEN? 5893 03:32:22,382 --> 03:32:23,483 >> SORRY? 5894 03:32:23,483 --> 03:32:25,752 >> FOR THE F32s, YOU HAVE TO 5895 03:32:25,752 --> 03:32:29,122 BE A CITIZEN OR RESIDENT FOR THE 5896 03:32:29,122 --> 03:32:29,522 F32? 5897 03:32:29,522 --> 03:32:32,759 >> FOR THE F32, I'M GOING TO 5898 03:32:32,759 --> 03:32:33,059 ASK -- 5899 03:32:33,059 --> 03:32:34,894 >> FOR THE POSTDOCTORAL 5900 03:32:34,894 --> 03:32:36,162 FELLOWSHIPS, THE F32, YOU DO 5901 03:32:36,162 --> 03:32:37,330 NEED TO BE A U.S. CITIZEN. 5902 03:32:37,330 --> 03:32:38,832 >> RIGHT, SO HENCE MY QUESTION. 5903 03:32:38,832 --> 03:32:42,402 SO FOR THIS MECHANISM, THE FACT 5904 03:32:42,402 --> 03:32:44,137 THAT YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE A U.S. 5905 03:32:44,137 --> 03:32:46,005 CITIZEN IS PRETTY REMARKABLE AND 5906 03:32:46,005 --> 03:32:46,573 NOVEL. 5907 03:32:46,573 --> 03:32:47,374 >> YES. 5908 03:32:47,374 --> 03:32:48,007 >> SO THAT WAS -- 5909 03:32:48,007 --> 03:32:49,642 >> AND THIS IS A RESEARCH GRANT. 5910 03:32:49,642 --> 03:32:51,344 IT'S NOT A FELLOWSHIP GRANT. 5911 03:32:51,344 --> 03:32:51,945 >> GOT IT. 5912 03:32:51,945 --> 03:32:53,346 GOT IT. 5913 03:32:53,346 --> 03:32:55,515 BUT -- OKAY. 5914 03:32:55,515 --> 03:32:57,851 NO, THAT'S CLEVER. 5915 03:32:57,851 --> 03:32:58,518 THINK IT CLEVER. 5916 03:32:58,518 --> 03:32:59,786 >> KEEP GOING. 5917 03:32:59,786 --> 03:33:00,320 IT'S FINE. 5918 03:33:00,320 --> 03:33:01,855 >> YEAH, I THINK IT'S CLEVER. 5919 03:33:01,855 --> 03:33:03,456 BUT JUST, YOU KNOW, WELL, ONE, I 5920 03:33:03,456 --> 03:33:06,393 THINK IT'S A GOOD IDEA, AND TWO, 5921 03:33:06,393 --> 03:33:07,560 I JUST WONDERED IF IT WAS 5922 03:33:07,560 --> 03:33:08,762 DIFFICULT TO DO THAT, BECAUSE 5923 03:33:08,762 --> 03:33:12,365 FOR THESE EARLY STAGE THINGS, IT 5924 03:33:12,365 --> 03:33:14,267 IS -- YOU'RE A RESEARCHER BUT 5925 03:33:14,267 --> 03:33:15,001 ALSO THERE'S A TRAINING 5926 03:33:15,001 --> 03:33:16,436 COMPONENT TOO AND YOU'RE 5927 03:33:16,436 --> 03:33:17,670 STILL -- YOU'RE YOUNG. 5928 03:33:17,670 --> 03:33:18,471 ANYWAY, THAT'S ALL. 5929 03:33:18,471 --> 03:33:19,606 I THINK IT'S A GREAT IDEA. 5930 03:33:19,606 --> 03:33:21,574 IT POPPED OUT AT ME. 5931 03:33:21,574 --> 03:33:22,509 IT WASN'T REALLY A QUESTION 5932 03:33:22,509 --> 03:33:32,786 THERE, I GUESS. 5933 03:33:33,019 --> 03:33:34,154 I MISSED THE ANSWER TO THE 5934 03:33:34,154 --> 03:33:35,755 QUESTION ABOUT HOW MANY -- OR -- 5935 03:33:35,755 --> 03:33:39,058 DO YOU EXPECT TO FUND? 5936 03:33:39,058 --> 03:33:39,659 >> HOW MANY? 5937 03:33:39,659 --> 03:33:43,129 AS I JUST ANSWERED REZA, YOU 5938 03:33:43,129 --> 03:33:44,931 KNOW, IT DEPENDS ON HOW MANY WE 5939 03:33:44,931 --> 03:33:48,401 GET, AND I HOPE OUR THING WOULD 5940 03:33:48,401 --> 03:33:50,170 BE TO DO AS MANY AS MERITORIOUS 5941 03:33:50,170 --> 03:33:50,937 APPLICATIONS WE CAN FUND. 5942 03:33:50,937 --> 03:33:52,605 >> I'M GOING TO ADD TO THAT, 5943 03:33:52,605 --> 03:33:53,573 MAYBE I CAN CLARIFY AND THEN 5944 03:33:53,573 --> 03:33:55,108 WE'RE GOING TO CALL ON MAUREEN, 5945 03:33:55,108 --> 03:33:59,646 I THINK -- WELL, UNLESS TIRIN'S 5946 03:33:59,646 --> 03:33:59,979 NOT FINISHED. 5947 03:33:59,979 --> 03:34:02,515 SO WE'RE NOT -- MAYBE THIS IS 5948 03:34:02,515 --> 03:34:03,650 MORE -- THERE'S NOT A SETASIDE 5949 03:34:03,650 --> 03:34:07,454 FOR THESE, SO WE'RE NOT 5950 03:34:07,454 --> 03:34:08,455 ADVANCING THAT WE CAN ONLY FUND 5951 03:34:08,455 --> 03:34:10,557 FOUR OF THESE, SO IF, YOU KNOW, 5952 03:34:10,557 --> 03:34:11,958 MANY, MANY COME IN AND MANY GET 5953 03:34:11,958 --> 03:34:14,027 REALLY WELL SCORED, THEN, YOU 5954 03:34:14,027 --> 03:34:15,895 KNOW, WE'LL PRIORITIZE THEM JUST 5955 03:34:15,895 --> 03:34:17,964 AS WE DO OTHER EARLY STAGE 5956 03:34:17,964 --> 03:34:18,398 INVESTIGATORS. 5957 03:34:18,398 --> 03:34:20,467 SO I THINK GETTING TO YOUR 5958 03:34:20,467 --> 03:34:22,469 POINT, REZA, IF WE ONLY FUND ONE 5959 03:34:22,469 --> 03:34:23,470 OR TWO OF THESE, WE'RE NOT 5960 03:34:23,470 --> 03:34:24,771 REALLY DOING ANYTHING S BUT I 5961 03:34:24,771 --> 03:34:25,972 WANTED TO BE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND 5962 03:34:25,972 --> 03:34:27,440 THAT WE'RE NOT EVADING THE 5963 03:34:27,440 --> 03:34:27,807 ANSWER. 5964 03:34:27,807 --> 03:34:29,375 YOU KNOW, IT REALLY DOES DEPEND 5965 03:34:29,375 --> 03:34:31,478 WHAT WE GET, AND, YOU KNOW, 5966 03:34:31,478 --> 03:34:32,645 WE'RE NOT LIMITED IN WHICH ONES 5967 03:34:32,645 --> 03:34:33,546 WE CAN SELECT. 5968 03:34:33,546 --> 03:34:35,448 I MEAN, WE'RE LIMITED BY OUR 5969 03:34:35,448 --> 03:34:38,117 BUDGET BUT -- 5970 03:34:38,117 --> 03:34:41,621 >> SO JUST, REZA, TO YOUR 5971 03:34:41,621 --> 03:34:44,090 QUESTION AND TO TIRIN'S, IT'S 5972 03:34:44,090 --> 03:34:46,759 GOING TO BE MORE ON A PAR, IT'S 5973 03:34:46,759 --> 03:34:48,795 NOT LIKE AN RFA WHERE WE KEEP 5974 03:34:48,795 --> 03:34:49,963 ASIDE MONEY FOR IT. 5975 03:34:49,963 --> 03:34:51,097 SO IT DEPENDS ON HOW MANY WE 5976 03:34:51,097 --> 03:34:51,965 GET. 5977 03:34:51,965 --> 03:34:52,632 AND THE OTHER INSTITUTIONS HAVE 5978 03:34:52,632 --> 03:34:55,134 BEEN VERY LUCKY TO GET MANY 5979 03:34:55,134 --> 03:34:55,435 APPLICANTS. 5980 03:34:55,435 --> 03:34:57,170 SO I HOPE THAT'S THE CASE FOR US 5981 03:34:57,170 --> 03:35:05,278 TOO. 5982 03:35:05,278 --> 03:35:06,846 >> HI, MAUREEN MAGUIRE. 5983 03:35:06,846 --> 03:35:08,381 I LIKE VERY MUCH THE 5984 03:35:08,381 --> 03:35:09,516 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE 5985 03:35:09,516 --> 03:35:11,784 IMPROVING THE OVERALL POSTDOC 5986 03:35:11,784 --> 03:35:13,653 EXPERIENCE. 5987 03:35:13,653 --> 03:35:17,323 AND WITH THE LARGE DECREASE IN 5988 03:35:17,323 --> 03:35:19,626 THE NUMBER OF POSTDOC POSITIONS, 5989 03:35:19,626 --> 03:35:22,729 HAS THIS BEEN REFLECTED IN ANY 5990 03:35:22,729 --> 03:35:24,898 WAY IN THAT THERE ARE NOT 5991 03:35:24,898 --> 03:35:28,401 SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PEOPLE 5992 03:35:28,401 --> 03:35:31,971 COMING OUT OF PROGRAMS, BEING -- 5993 03:35:31,971 --> 03:35:33,473 OR ARE THERE JOBS THAT ARE NOT 5994 03:35:33,473 --> 03:35:36,175 BEING FILLED BECAUSE OF 5995 03:35:36,175 --> 03:35:37,610 SHORTAGE, OR DID WE HAVE TOO 5996 03:35:37,610 --> 03:35:43,583 MANY POSTDOCS BEFORE? 5997 03:35:43,583 --> 03:35:44,984 >> INTERESTING QUESTION, 5998 03:35:44,984 --> 03:35:45,952 MAUREEN. 5999 03:35:45,952 --> 03:35:49,589 WHEN I LOOKED INTO THE REPORT, 6000 03:35:49,589 --> 03:35:50,857 ONE OF THE THINGS THEY SAID, 6001 03:35:50,857 --> 03:35:51,791 THAT THE NUMBER OF GRADUATE 6002 03:35:51,791 --> 03:35:52,992 STUDENTS HAD BEEN INCREASING BUT 6003 03:35:52,992 --> 03:35:55,995 THE NUMBER OF POSTDOCS HAD BEEN 6004 03:35:55,995 --> 03:35:56,996 DECREASING, WHAT THEY HAVE BEEN 6005 03:35:56,996 --> 03:35:57,931 OBSERVING FOR THE LAST FIVE 6006 03:35:57,931 --> 03:35:59,632 YEARS. 6007 03:35:59,632 --> 03:36:04,237 SO THERE WAS -- THEY DIDN'T 6008 03:36:04,237 --> 03:36:05,438 DIRECT TO WHETHER THERE WERE 6009 03:36:05,438 --> 03:36:10,143 LESS POSITIONS AT ALL. 6010 03:36:10,143 --> 03:36:12,011 IT WAS THE NUMBER OF 6011 03:36:12,011 --> 03:36:12,745 POSTDOCTORAL STUDENTS 6012 03:36:12,745 --> 03:36:14,881 DRAMATICALLY DECREASING AND A 6013 03:36:14,881 --> 03:36:16,349 LOT OF STUDENTS MOVING INTO 6014 03:36:16,349 --> 03:36:19,419 DIFFERENT ARENAS INSTEAD OF 6015 03:36:19,419 --> 03:36:22,989 GOING TO THE POSTDOCTORAL ROUTE. 6016 03:36:22,989 --> 03:36:23,957 >> REZA, IT LOOKS LIKE YOU HAVE 6017 03:36:23,957 --> 03:36:25,825 A COMMENT ON THIS AND VICTOR I 6018 03:36:25,825 --> 03:36:27,060 KNOW YOU HAVE YOUR HAND UP. 6019 03:36:27,060 --> 03:36:28,595 >> WELL, I THINK THERE'S A THIRD 6020 03:36:28,595 --> 03:36:30,430 OPTION, MAUREEN, AND THAT IS, 6021 03:36:30,430 --> 03:36:32,131 CONSIDERING THAT AS WE HEARD PF 6022 03:36:32,131 --> 03:36:35,368 AND WE'VE HEARD MANY TIMES, OUR 6023 03:36:35,368 --> 03:36:37,971 BUDGETS AS P.I.s FOR THE NIH 6024 03:36:37,971 --> 03:36:40,173 HAVE BEEN KEPT CONSTANT AND, 6025 03:36:40,173 --> 03:36:41,374 THEREFORE, AS COMPARED TO, LET'S 6026 03:36:41,374 --> 03:36:44,010 SAY, 10 YEARS AGO, WHERE, YOU 6027 03:36:44,010 --> 03:36:47,981 KNOW, 30, 40% REALLY -- IN REAL 6028 03:36:47,981 --> 03:36:49,515 DOLLARS, AND AT THE SAME TIME, 6029 03:36:49,515 --> 03:36:53,653 MANY OF US, LET'S SAY IN BOSTON 6030 03:36:53,653 --> 03:36:56,856 IN THE HARVEST SYSTEM, POSTDOC 6031 03:36:56,856 --> 03:36:57,957 SALARIES WHICH WERE LAGGING 6032 03:36:57,957 --> 03:36:59,525 BEHIND ARE NOW ACTUALLY AHEAD OF 6033 03:36:59,525 --> 03:37:00,893 THE NIH REQUIREMENTS, SO THEY'VE 6034 03:37:00,893 --> 03:37:02,662 GONE UP ABOUT -- THEY'VE ALMOST 6035 03:37:02,662 --> 03:37:04,897 DOUBLED FOR US, SO IF YOU JUST 6036 03:37:04,897 --> 03:37:06,499 BASE IT ON THAT, IT'S NOT THAT 6037 03:37:06,499 --> 03:37:08,468 THERE WERE TOO MANY OR TOO FEW. 6038 03:37:08,468 --> 03:37:11,304 IT'S A MATTER OF HOW MANY YOU 6039 03:37:11,304 --> 03:37:12,505 CAN ACTUALLY SUPPORT IF YOUR 6040 03:37:12,505 --> 03:37:17,243 TOTAL RESEARCH BUDGET IS HELD 6041 03:37:17,243 --> 03:37:19,712 CONSTANT, IT'S NOT GOING DOWN, 6042 03:37:19,712 --> 03:37:22,248 AND THE POSTDOC SALARIES HAVE 6043 03:37:22,248 --> 03:37:23,483 GONE UP CONSIDERABLY WHERE YOU 6044 03:37:23,483 --> 03:37:24,884 JUST CAN'T SUPPORT AS MANY. 6045 03:37:24,884 --> 03:37:26,352 THAT CERTAINLY IMPACTS THE 6046 03:37:26,352 --> 03:37:27,787 NUMBER OF POSTDOCS COMING IN 6047 03:37:27,787 --> 03:37:29,355 ALSO. 6048 03:37:29,355 --> 03:37:33,960 >> BUT WERE OR ARE THE PEOPLE 6049 03:37:33,960 --> 03:37:41,734 COMING OUT OF POSTDOCS HAVING A 6050 03:37:41,734 --> 03:37:43,069 GOOD JOB MARKET, IN OTHER WORDS 6051 03:37:43,069 --> 03:37:44,637 ARE THERE JOBS OUT THERE FOR 6052 03:37:44,637 --> 03:37:45,772 THEM AT THE LEVEL OF TRAINING 6053 03:37:45,772 --> 03:37:46,739 THEY HAVE RECEIVED OR ARE THEY 6054 03:37:46,739 --> 03:37:49,809 HAVING TO DO SOME OTHER THINGS? 6055 03:37:49,809 --> 03:37:51,577 THAT WAS MY QUESTION. 6056 03:37:51,577 --> 03:37:56,816 IT WAS MORE OF THE DEMAND SIDE. 6057 03:37:56,816 --> 03:37:58,751 >> I DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER, 6058 03:37:58,751 --> 03:38:01,320 MAUREEN, FRANKLY. 6059 03:38:01,320 --> 03:38:05,458 >> THANK YOU. 6060 03:38:05,458 --> 03:38:11,330 >> TIRIN, YOU HAD A COMMENT? 6061 03:38:11,330 --> 03:38:13,399 >> VICTOR PEREZ, MIAMI. 6062 03:38:13,399 --> 03:38:15,334 SANGEETA, THANK YOU FOR THE 6063 03:38:15,334 --> 03:38:15,668 PRESENTATION. 6064 03:38:15,668 --> 03:38:16,703 I THINK IT'S A GREAT PROGRAM, 6065 03:38:16,703 --> 03:38:21,240 ONE THAT WE SHOULD SUPPORT, 6066 03:38:21,240 --> 03:38:23,676 INCREASE POSTDOCTORAL SUPPORT. 6067 03:38:23,676 --> 03:38:26,546 WHEN YOU READ THE TITLE, NEI 6068 03:38:26,546 --> 03:38:28,648 INNOVATOR AWARD, IT'S HARD TO 6069 03:38:28,648 --> 03:38:30,049 GET A GOOD IMPRESSION OF WHAT 6070 03:38:30,049 --> 03:38:32,652 EXACTLY THE I A WARD IS. 6071 03:38:32,652 --> 03:38:34,721 THE AWARD IS IN THE 6072 03:38:34,721 --> 03:38:35,321 DESCRIPTION, AND YOU MENTIONED 6073 03:38:35,321 --> 03:38:36,422 THAT THE REVIEW PROCESS IS GOING 6074 03:38:36,422 --> 03:38:36,856 TO BE DIFFERENT. 6075 03:38:36,856 --> 03:38:38,524 CAN YOU EXPAND ON THAT? 6076 03:38:38,524 --> 03:38:44,530 >> YES, SO WHEN WE HAVE LOOKED 6077 03:38:44,530 --> 03:38:48,000 AT THE OTHER SIMILAR KIND OF 6078 03:38:48,000 --> 03:38:50,069 AWARDS, THE REVIEW HAS BEEN MORE 6079 03:38:50,069 --> 03:38:51,003 ON WHAT THE IDEA IS AND WHAT THE 6080 03:38:51,003 --> 03:38:53,172 APPROACH YOU'RE GOING TO BE 6081 03:38:53,172 --> 03:38:53,806 USING. 6082 03:38:53,806 --> 03:38:56,609 THE AMOUNT OF DATA THAT USUALLY 6083 03:38:56,609 --> 03:39:00,046 A REGULAR R01 OR R21 ASKS IS NOT 6084 03:39:00,046 --> 03:39:01,748 THERE, UNLESS YOU HAVE SOMETHING 6085 03:39:01,748 --> 03:39:02,448 THAT'S UNPUBLISHED AND YOU WANT 6086 03:39:02,448 --> 03:39:03,549 TO SHOW THAT IS GOING TO BE 6087 03:39:03,549 --> 03:39:04,117 THERE. 6088 03:39:04,117 --> 03:39:06,719 SO THE REVIEW CRITERIA FOR SOME 6089 03:39:06,719 --> 03:39:09,322 OF THESE -- OR SUCH APPLICATIONS 6090 03:39:09,322 --> 03:39:10,690 IS QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE 6091 03:39:10,690 --> 03:39:13,826 REGULAR R01, AND IT IS WHAT IS 6092 03:39:13,826 --> 03:39:18,297 THE IDEA, IS IT REALLY CREATIVE, 6093 03:39:18,297 --> 03:39:22,301 THE EMPHASIS IS ON THAT. 6094 03:39:22,301 --> 03:39:24,003 IT IS ALSO THERE'S AN EMPHASIS 6095 03:39:24,003 --> 03:39:25,404 ON THE PERSON, THE POSTDOCTORAL 6096 03:39:25,404 --> 03:39:29,742 FELLOW, WHAT WORK THEY'RE DOING, 6097 03:39:29,742 --> 03:39:31,511 HOW IS THIS WORK DIFFERENT 6098 03:39:31,511 --> 03:39:32,245 FROM -- YOU KNOW, ARE THEY 6099 03:39:32,245 --> 03:39:34,180 REALLY BRINGING SOMETHING NEW, 6100 03:39:34,180 --> 03:39:40,520 INNOVATIVE TO THE BANK TO THE T 6101 03:39:40,520 --> 03:39:41,621 THE SAME WORK THE LAB HAS BEEN 6102 03:39:41,621 --> 03:39:42,155 DOING? 6103 03:39:42,155 --> 03:39:43,556 SO IT'S COMPLETELY -- IT'S ON 6104 03:39:43,556 --> 03:39:45,324 THE PERSON AT THE SAME TIME, IT 6105 03:39:45,324 --> 03:39:46,959 IS NOT UNLIKE HOW MUCH DATA DO 6106 03:39:46,959 --> 03:39:49,262 YOU HAVE, HOW MUCH PUBLICATIONS, 6107 03:39:49,262 --> 03:39:50,530 ET CETERA. 6108 03:39:50,530 --> 03:39:50,863 >> THANK YOU. 6109 03:39:50,863 --> 03:39:52,832 I GET IT. 6110 03:39:52,832 --> 03:39:54,100 >> DOES THAT MAKE IT -- 6111 03:39:54,100 --> 03:39:54,433 >> YEAH. 6112 03:39:54,433 --> 03:39:55,434 >> SORRY. 6113 03:39:55,434 --> 03:39:56,435 >> ONE QUESTION REALLY QUICK. 6114 03:39:56,435 --> 03:39:56,836 >> YES. 6115 03:39:56,836 --> 03:39:59,372 >> WOULD IT BE A REQUIREMENT OF 6116 03:39:59,372 --> 03:40:02,642 HOW LONG THE POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW 6117 03:40:02,642 --> 03:40:05,912 IS -- I MEAN HOW LONG HE'S BEEN 6118 03:40:05,912 --> 03:40:06,946 INVOLVED AS A FELLOW? 6119 03:40:06,946 --> 03:40:08,614 >> SINCE THIS IS GOING TO BE 6120 03:40:08,614 --> 03:40:13,219 OPEN TO EARLY STAGE INVESTIG 6121 03:40:13,219 --> 03:40:14,086 INVESTIGATORS, THEY WILL HAVE TO 6122 03:40:14,086 --> 03:40:15,721 MAKE THE SAME TIME FRAME SO 6123 03:40:15,721 --> 03:40:17,223 WITHIN 10 YEARS OF THE 6124 03:40:17,223 --> 03:40:18,524 TERMINAL DEGREE, I THINK THAT'S 6125 03:40:18,524 --> 03:40:18,758 WHAT -- 6126 03:40:18,758 --> 03:40:19,091 >> THANK YOU. 6127 03:40:19,091 --> 03:40:22,161 >> I'D IMAGINE, GIVEN IT'S 6128 03:40:22,161 --> 03:40:25,331 INTENDED FOR NON-INDEPENDENT OR 6129 03:40:25,331 --> 03:40:26,632 INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS, IT 6130 03:40:26,632 --> 03:40:28,100 GOING TO BE HARD TO EVALUATE 6131 03:40:28,100 --> 03:40:30,002 THEM, RIGHT, BECAUSE YOU'VE GOT 6132 03:40:30,002 --> 03:40:32,171 PEOPLE WHO ARE, YOU KNOW -- I 6133 03:40:32,171 --> 03:40:33,072 MEAN, EVEN TO THE PREVIOUS 6134 03:40:33,072 --> 03:40:34,073 QUESTION, OBVIOUSLY SOMEONE WHO 6135 03:40:34,073 --> 03:40:38,878 IS AN INDEPENDENT, A NEWLY 6136 03:40:38,878 --> 03:40:39,512 INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATOR, IT'S 6137 03:40:39,512 --> 03:40:41,914 GOING TO BE EASIER TO SORT OF 6138 03:40:41,914 --> 03:40:42,915 FIRST OF ALL THEY HAVE MORE 6139 03:40:42,915 --> 03:40:43,482 EXPERIENCE. 6140 03:40:43,482 --> 03:40:43,850 >> SURE. 6141 03:40:43,850 --> 03:40:44,650 >> SO THEY'RE GOING TO RISE TO 6142 03:40:44,650 --> 03:40:45,084 THE TOP. 6143 03:40:45,084 --> 03:40:46,853 IT'S KIND OF LIKE TRYING TO HIRE 6144 03:40:46,853 --> 03:40:50,890 A FACULTY WHO'S OPEN RANK 6145 03:40:50,890 --> 03:40:52,291 FACULTY, IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO 6146 03:40:52,291 --> 03:40:55,628 DO OFTEN. 6147 03:40:55,628 --> 03:40:58,531 SO HOW ARE YOU GOING TO HANDLE 6148 03:40:58,531 --> 03:41:00,833 THAT? 6149 03:41:00,833 --> 03:41:02,301 I CAN IMAGINE YOU CAN SORT OF 6150 03:41:02,301 --> 03:41:03,502 JUST DECIDE THAT YOU'RE GOING TO 6151 03:41:03,502 --> 03:41:05,571 PICK SOME -- YOU'RE GOING TO 6152 03:41:05,571 --> 03:41:07,473 ACHIEVE SOME RANGE OF 6153 03:41:07,473 --> 03:41:08,741 EXPERIENCE -- OF INDEPENDENCE IN 6154 03:41:08,741 --> 03:41:09,709 THE AWARDEES? 6155 03:41:09,709 --> 03:41:13,079 IS THAT THE IDEA OR -- YOU CAN 6156 03:41:13,079 --> 03:41:15,114 JUST SEE WHATEVER HAPPENS OR -- 6157 03:41:15,114 --> 03:41:18,117 >> WELL, IT DEPENDS ON WHAT KIND 6158 03:41:18,117 --> 03:41:19,919 OF, A, APPLICANTS WE'RE GOING TO 6159 03:41:19,919 --> 03:41:22,255 GET, BUT YOU KNOW, TO ANSWER 6160 03:41:22,255 --> 03:41:22,922 YOUR QUESTION, THERE WILL BE 6161 03:41:22,922 --> 03:41:24,891 SOME POSTDOCS AND THERE WILL BE 6162 03:41:24,891 --> 03:41:26,692 SOME EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS, 6163 03:41:26,692 --> 03:41:29,295 AND OF COURSE, YOU KNOW, ONE HAS 6164 03:41:29,295 --> 03:41:32,932 MORE EXPERIENCE THAN THE OTHER, 6165 03:41:32,932 --> 03:41:36,569 AND MAYBE WE'LL HAVE TO PILE 6166 03:41:36,569 --> 03:41:38,004 THEM DIFFERENTLY AND EVALUATE 6167 03:41:38,004 --> 03:41:40,239 TWO DIFFERENT PILES. 6168 03:41:40,239 --> 03:41:41,440 THAT'S SOMETHING WE WOULD HAVE 6169 03:41:41,440 --> 03:41:43,109 TO DISCUSS MORE ABOUT IN TERMS 6170 03:41:43,109 --> 03:41:45,044 OF WHEN WE ARE CRAFTING THE 6171 03:41:45,044 --> 03:41:46,212 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY AND TALKING 6172 03:41:46,212 --> 03:41:48,881 TO THE REVIEWER -- TO OUR REVIEW 6173 03:41:48,881 --> 03:41:49,682 GROUP PEOPLE. 6174 03:41:49,682 --> 03:41:52,251 BUT ALL GREAT POINTS, YOU KNOW, 6175 03:41:52,251 --> 03:41:53,753 BRINGING OUT THE DIFFERENCES. 6176 03:41:53,753 --> 03:41:55,554 >> BECAUSE TO COMPOUND THINGS, 6177 03:41:55,554 --> 03:41:57,924 THE NEWLY APPOINTED -- NEW 6178 03:41:57,924 --> 03:41:59,859 INVESTIGATORS WILL HAVE JUST 6179 03:41:59,859 --> 03:42:00,293 GOTTEN THE JOB. 6180 03:42:00,293 --> 03:42:00,526 >> YES. 6181 03:42:00,526 --> 03:42:02,962 >> SO THEY'VE BEEN TO THE DANCE, 6182 03:42:02,962 --> 03:42:05,164 THEY'VE TAKEN ALL THE -- THEY'VE 6183 03:42:05,164 --> 03:42:09,235 DONE THE RIGHT APPS, THEIR ACT 6184 03:42:09,235 --> 03:42:10,803 IS REALLY POLISHED COMPARED TO 6185 03:42:10,803 --> 03:42:14,240 THE POSTDOCS. 6186 03:42:14,240 --> 03:42:15,841 SO IT'S GOING TO BE HARD TO 6187 03:42:15,841 --> 03:42:19,345 EVALUATE THEM THE SAME THING, 6188 03:42:19,345 --> 03:42:19,912 THAT'S ALL. 6189 03:42:19,912 --> 03:42:21,414 AND JUST BACK TO THE EARLIER 6190 03:42:21,414 --> 03:42:22,615 POINT ABOUT THE NON-U.S. 6191 03:42:22,615 --> 03:42:23,716 CITIZENS, SO THAT MEANS THAT -- 6192 03:42:23,716 --> 03:42:26,085 AM I WRONG, THOUGH, THAT THIS 6193 03:42:26,085 --> 03:42:29,288 IS -- CAN THEY ONLY CASE IN 6194 03:42:29,288 --> 03:42:30,056 WHICH -- OH. 6195 03:42:30,056 --> 03:42:36,195 >> SO FOR -- NO, FOR R01s, 6196 03:42:36,195 --> 03:42:38,264 REGULAR RPGs, NON-U.S. 6197 03:42:38,264 --> 03:42:41,033 INVESTIGATORS, EVEN IF THEY'RE A 6198 03:42:41,033 --> 03:42:42,134 FOREIGN INSTITUTION CAN APPLY. 6199 03:42:42,134 --> 03:42:45,938 AND ALSO, THESE ARE LIKE SIMILAR 6200 03:42:45,938 --> 03:42:47,974 TO THE PIONEER AWARD, WHICH ARE 6201 03:42:47,974 --> 03:42:49,909 DP1s FOR MORE SENIOR 6202 03:42:49,909 --> 03:42:51,477 INVESTIGATORS, AND ALSO THE 6203 03:42:51,477 --> 03:42:53,346 INNOVATOR AWARDS THAT ARE 6204 03:42:53,346 --> 03:42:55,848 NIH-WIDE, WHICH ARE ALSO OPEN TO 6205 03:42:55,848 --> 03:42:56,382 NON-U.S. 6206 03:42:56,382 --> 03:42:58,584 SO WE DIDN'T INVENT THIS COOL 6207 03:42:58,584 --> 03:42:58,818 THING. 6208 03:42:58,818 --> 03:43:00,086 >> OF COURSE, BUT FOR THOSE 6209 03:43:00,086 --> 03:43:02,655 OTHER AWARDS, YOU CAN'T BE A 6210 03:43:02,655 --> 03:43:02,888 POSTDOC. 6211 03:43:02,888 --> 03:43:04,123 WHICH IS A TRAINEE. 6212 03:43:04,123 --> 03:43:05,891 >> THAT'S CORRECT. 6213 03:43:05,891 --> 03:43:07,460 EXCEPT FOR K99s. 6214 03:43:07,460 --> 03:43:11,998 YOU CAN BE A NON-U.S. CITIZEN. 6215 03:43:11,998 --> 03:43:13,766 CAN WE TAKE ONE MORE AND THEN -- 6216 03:43:13,766 --> 03:43:15,234 >> ONE LAST COMMENT IS REGARDING 6217 03:43:15,234 --> 03:43:16,969 THE NAME OF THIS AWARD. 6218 03:43:16,969 --> 03:43:18,471 LIKE BEFORE I READ THE 6219 03:43:18,471 --> 03:43:20,773 DESCRIPTION AND I SAW NEI 6220 03:43:20,773 --> 03:43:23,109 INNOVATOR, IT SOUNDS AGAIN LIKE 6221 03:43:23,109 --> 03:43:26,112 THEY'RE A HIGH LEVEL. 6222 03:43:26,112 --> 03:43:27,446 WOULD YOU CONSIDER MAYBE HAVING 6223 03:43:27,446 --> 03:43:29,548 IT BE LIKE NEI EARLY 6224 03:43:29,548 --> 03:43:31,450 INVESTIGATOR OR EARLY CAREER 6225 03:43:31,450 --> 03:43:31,884 INNOVATOR AWARD? 6226 03:43:31,884 --> 03:43:34,453 THAT WILL MAKE IT CLEARER TO 6227 03:43:34,453 --> 03:43:36,222 PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT VERY FAMILIAR 6228 03:43:36,222 --> 03:43:39,759 WITH THE NIH SYSTEM AND WHO ARE 6229 03:43:39,759 --> 03:43:42,995 REVIEWING CDs NOT TO BE MISLED 6230 03:43:42,995 --> 03:43:45,364 BY THIS TITLE? 6231 03:43:45,364 --> 03:43:55,741 IT'S A RECOMMENDATION. 6232 03:43:56,809 --> 03:44:00,012 >> I WANTED TO SAY THAT THIS IS 6233 03:44:00,012 --> 03:44:01,247 QUITE ANALOGOUS TO K99 BECAUSE 6234 03:44:01,247 --> 03:44:03,082 NON-U.S. CITIZENS ARE ALLOWED TO 6235 03:44:03,082 --> 03:44:05,751 APPLY AND THIS WILL COMPLEMENT 6236 03:44:05,751 --> 03:44:07,086 FOR THOSE K99 APPLICANTS WHICH 6237 03:44:07,086 --> 03:44:08,521 MISSED THE DEADLINE OF FOUR 6238 03:44:08,521 --> 03:44:09,088 YEARS WINDOW. 6239 03:44:09,088 --> 03:44:11,824 SO I GET SO MANY CALLS, ED AND I 6240 03:44:11,824 --> 03:44:13,092 BOTH, THAT THEY MISSED THE 6241 03:44:13,092 --> 03:44:13,926 DEADLINE, IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE 6242 03:44:13,926 --> 03:44:15,761 FOR THEM, SO THIS WILL BE VERY, 6243 03:44:15,761 --> 03:44:17,063 VERY COMPLEMENTARY FOR THOSE 6244 03:44:17,063 --> 03:44:18,964 APPLICANTS WHO MISSED THE 6245 03:44:18,964 --> 03:44:21,233 DEADLINE TO APPLY K99, THEY CAN 6246 03:44:21,233 --> 03:44:28,274 COME BACK AS A DP2 APPLICANT. 6247 03:44:28,274 --> 03:44:31,010 >> THANKS. 6248 03:44:31,010 --> 03:44:31,310 OKAY. 6249 03:44:31,310 --> 03:44:33,879 IF THERE ARE NO FURTHER BURNING 6250 03:44:33,879 --> 03:44:34,613 QUESTIONS. 6251 03:44:34,613 --> 03:44:36,749 THEN CAN I HAVE A MOTION TO 6252 03:44:36,749 --> 03:44:39,351 APPROVE THIS CONCEPT FOR 6253 03:44:39,351 --> 03:44:40,219 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AS A 6254 03:44:40,219 --> 03:44:41,620 FUNDING INITIATIVE? 6255 03:44:41,620 --> 03:44:41,887 THANK YOU. 6256 03:44:41,887 --> 03:44:42,154 A SECOND? 6257 03:44:42,154 --> 03:44:42,455 THANK YOU. 6258 03:44:42,455 --> 03:44:46,358 ALL THOSE IN FAVOR? 6259 03:44:46,358 --> 03:44:48,427 IS THERE ANYONE OPPOSED? 6260 03:44:48,427 --> 03:44:49,161 OKAY, GREAT. 6261 03:44:49,161 --> 03:44:49,829 THANKS SO MUCH. 6262 03:44:49,829 --> 03:44:52,331 AND THAT WAS GREAT FEEDBACK, AND 6263 03:44:52,331 --> 03:44:53,899 OBVIOUSLY WE CAN CLARIFY SOME OF 6264 03:44:53,899 --> 03:45:04,343 THESE WHEN WE DEVELOP IT. 6265 03:45:07,346 --> 03:45:08,447 THE SECOND CONCEPT THAT WE'RE 6266 03:45:08,447 --> 03:45:09,682 GOING TO PRESENT TO YOU TODAY IS 6267 03:45:09,682 --> 03:45:11,484 GOING TO BE PRESENTED BY 6268 03:45:11,484 --> 03:45:12,184 DR. JIMMY LE, SO I'M GOING TO 6269 03:45:12,184 --> 03:45:17,089 TURN IT OVER TO JIMMY. 6270 03:45:17,089 --> 03:45:18,924 >> HI, EVERYONE. 6271 03:45:18,924 --> 03:45:21,927 MY NAME IS JIMMY LEI, HERE AT 6272 03:45:21,927 --> 03:45:23,195 THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE, AND 6273 03:45:23,195 --> 03:45:25,798 I AM BRINGING TO YOU A NEW 6274 03:45:25,798 --> 03:45:32,938 CONCEPT FOR A NEW INITIATIVE 6275 03:45:32,938 --> 03:45:34,673 THAT WE HAVE PUT TOGETHER. 6276 03:45:34,673 --> 03:45:36,675 AND THE CONCEPT BUILT ON LESSONS 6277 03:45:36,675 --> 03:45:39,245 LEARNED FROM OUR STRATEGIC 6278 03:45:39,245 --> 03:45:41,180 PLANNING EFFORTS, AS WELL AS A 6279 03:45:41,180 --> 03:45:45,351 WORKSHOP WE HOSTED IN 2023 WITH 6280 03:45:45,351 --> 03:45:46,452 NIMHD OFTEN VISION HEALTH 6281 03:45:46,452 --> 03:45:46,986 EQUITY. 6282 03:45:46,986 --> 03:45:48,854 THE MESSAGE AT THE WORKSHOP WAS 6283 03:45:48,854 --> 03:45:49,822 PRETTY CLEAR. 6284 03:45:49,822 --> 03:45:51,290 IT'S THAT WE NEED TO MEET 6285 03:45:51,290 --> 03:45:52,358 COMMUNITIES WHERE THEY'RE AT. 6286 03:45:52,358 --> 03:45:53,859 LISTEN TO COMMUNITY MEMBERS, 6287 03:45:53,859 --> 03:45:56,028 DESIGN RESEARCH PROGRAMS THAT 6288 03:45:56,028 --> 03:45:56,929 ADDRESS WHAT THE COMMUNITY TELLS 6289 03:45:56,929 --> 03:45:59,899 US IS IMPORTANT. 6290 03:45:59,899 --> 03:46:02,668 SO THE GOAL OF THIS CONCEPT IS 6291 03:46:02,668 --> 03:46:04,570 TO ADVANCE VISION HEALTH EQUITY 6292 03:46:04,570 --> 03:46:06,405 BY SUPPORTING COMMUNITY ENGAGED 6293 03:46:06,405 --> 03:46:08,440 RESEARCH ON MULTILEVEL 6294 03:46:08,440 --> 03:46:09,909 INTERVENTIONS THAT 6295 03:46:09,909 --> 03:46:10,576 SIMULTANEOUSLY ADDRESS VISION 6296 03:46:10,576 --> 03:46:12,478 HEALTH CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL 6297 03:46:12,478 --> 03:46:13,913 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. 6298 03:46:13,913 --> 03:46:15,848 WHICH INCLUDES THE BROADER SETS 6299 03:46:15,848 --> 03:46:17,983 OF NON-MEDICAL FACTORS SHAPING 6300 03:46:17,983 --> 03:46:20,052 CONDITIONS OF DAILY LIFE SUCH AS 6301 03:46:20,052 --> 03:46:22,021 HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION, 6302 03:46:22,021 --> 03:46:23,322 EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND SO 6303 03:46:23,322 --> 03:46:24,290 ON. 6304 03:46:24,290 --> 03:46:26,492 SO ANOTHER WAY OF SAYING THIS IS 6305 03:46:26,492 --> 03:46:29,762 THAT WE'RE ENVISIONING IN AN 6306 03:46:29,762 --> 03:46:31,130 INITIATIVE THAT SUPPORTS 6307 03:46:31,130 --> 03:46:31,931 RESEARCHERS WHO ARE SUPPORTING 6308 03:46:31,931 --> 03:46:33,199 RESEARCH THAT PRIORITIZES 6309 03:46:33,199 --> 03:46:33,999 POPULATIONS WHO EXPERIENCE 6310 03:46:33,999 --> 03:46:36,902 HEALTH DISPARITIES, WHO HAVE OR 6311 03:46:36,902 --> 03:46:38,304 CONTINUES TO BE ADVERSELY 6312 03:46:38,304 --> 03:46:39,238 DISADVANTAGED IN A WAY THAT 6313 03:46:39,238 --> 03:46:41,006 AFFECTS THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES. 6314 03:46:41,006 --> 03:46:43,275 RESEARCH THAT FOCUSES ON 6315 03:46:43,275 --> 03:46:44,276 MULTILEVEL INTERVENTIONS 6316 03:46:44,276 --> 03:46:46,045 INVOLVING PARTNERSHIPS WITH 6317 03:46:46,045 --> 03:46:47,580 SCIENTISTS WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF 6318 03:46:47,580 --> 03:46:49,181 THE VISION COMMUNITY TO DESIGN 6319 03:46:49,181 --> 03:46:50,049 INTERVENTIONS THAT TARGET 6320 03:46:50,049 --> 03:46:52,351 VARIOUS LEVELS OF INFLUENCE ON 6321 03:46:52,351 --> 03:46:54,220 HEALTH, INDIVIDUAL FACTORS, 6322 03:46:54,220 --> 03:46:55,287 COMMUNITY FACTORS, POLICY 6323 03:46:55,287 --> 03:46:56,555 FACTORS, SO ON. 6324 03:46:56,555 --> 03:46:59,291 AND RESEARCH THAT DEMONSTRATES 6325 03:46:59,291 --> 03:47:00,426 MEANINGFUL ENGAGEMENT WITH 6326 03:47:00,426 --> 03:47:01,594 COMMUNITY PARTNERS. 6327 03:47:01,594 --> 03:47:02,928 THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE RESEARCH 6328 03:47:02,928 --> 03:47:05,431 PROCESS, TO ENSURE THAT THE 6329 03:47:05,431 --> 03:47:06,365 INTERVENTIONS UNDER 6330 03:47:06,365 --> 03:47:07,499 INVESTIGATION ARE RESPONSIVE TO 6331 03:47:07,499 --> 03:47:08,767 THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY AND 6332 03:47:08,767 --> 03:47:11,937 ABLE TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE 6333 03:47:11,937 --> 03:47:13,205 IMPROVEMENTS ONCE THE RESEARCH 6334 03:47:13,205 --> 03:47:15,241 PERIOD ENDS. 6335 03:47:15,241 --> 03:47:16,976 MY NEXT SLIDE OUTLINES THE 6336 03:47:16,976 --> 03:47:17,776 RATIONALE. 6337 03:47:17,776 --> 03:47:18,711 FIRST, VISION HEALTH EQUITY 6338 03:47:18,711 --> 03:47:20,579 RESEARCH IS AN IMPORTANT NEI 6339 03:47:20,579 --> 03:47:22,548 STRATEGIC PRIORITY. 6340 03:47:22,548 --> 03:47:24,883 THE COVID PANDEMIC AND OTHER 6341 03:47:24,883 --> 03:47:26,318 CURRENT EVENTS HAVE BROUGHT TO 6342 03:47:26,318 --> 03:47:27,419 THE FOREFRONT THE IMPACT OF 6343 03:47:27,419 --> 03:47:28,821 INEQUITIES IN THE PREVENTION AND 6344 03:47:28,821 --> 03:47:30,122 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF 6345 03:47:30,122 --> 03:47:31,790 DISEASES AMONG HEALTH DISPARITY 6346 03:47:31,790 --> 03:47:33,092 POPULATIONS, AND THIS REALITY 6347 03:47:33,092 --> 03:47:35,060 REALLY UNDERSCORES A NEED TO 6348 03:47:35,060 --> 03:47:36,562 BROADEN THE PARTICIPATION OF 6349 03:47:36,562 --> 03:47:37,429 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS IN ALL 6350 03:47:37,429 --> 03:47:39,832 STAGES OF RESEARCH. 6351 03:47:39,832 --> 03:47:42,735 THE NEI STRATEGIC PLAN THUS 6352 03:47:42,735 --> 03:47:43,469 DEDICATES AN ENTIRE CHAPTER TO 6353 03:47:43,469 --> 03:47:44,870 HEALTH EQUITY, HEALTH 6354 03:47:44,870 --> 03:47:46,705 DISPARITIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH. 6355 03:47:46,705 --> 03:47:49,074 SECOND, AS I MENTIONED, LAST 6356 03:47:49,074 --> 03:47:53,512 YEAR NEI AND NIMHD CO-HOSTED THE 6357 03:47:53,512 --> 03:47:54,613 FIRST WORKSHOP ON VISION HEALTH 6358 03:47:54,613 --> 03:47:56,315 EQUITY AT NIH AND THE WORKSHOP 6359 03:47:56,315 --> 03:47:56,915 ARRIVED AT VERY IMPORTANT 6360 03:47:56,915 --> 03:47:57,383 THEMES. 6361 03:47:57,383 --> 03:47:59,051 IN PARTICULAR OF NOTE, THE FACT 6362 03:47:59,051 --> 03:48:00,586 THAT VISION HEALTH DISPARITIES 6363 03:48:00,586 --> 03:48:02,855 ARE ADDRESSABLE. 6364 03:48:02,855 --> 03:48:04,723 VISION HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH IS 6365 03:48:04,723 --> 03:48:05,891 BEST DRIVEN BY THE COMMUNITY, 6366 03:48:05,891 --> 03:48:07,660 AND THE VISION FIELD IS READY TO 6367 03:48:07,660 --> 03:48:09,461 LEAD LARGE SCALE PROJECTS 6368 03:48:09,461 --> 03:48:11,964 ADDRESSING HEALTH EQUITY. 6369 03:48:11,964 --> 03:48:13,866 AS EVIDENCED BY THE DISCUSSION 6370 03:48:13,866 --> 03:48:18,037 EARLIER THIS MORNING ON HOW 6371 03:48:18,037 --> 03:48:18,837 TECHNOLOGY -- DOING RESEARCH ON 6372 03:48:18,837 --> 03:48:20,906 NOT ONLY TECHNOLOGY BUT ALSO ON 6373 03:48:20,906 --> 03:48:24,143 PEOPLE, AND THIRD, COMMUNITY 6374 03:48:24,143 --> 03:48:25,878 ENGAGED SCIENCE WILL NOT 6375 03:48:25,878 --> 03:48:26,945 NECESSARILY -- WHILE NOT 6376 03:48:26,945 --> 03:48:30,282 NECESSARILY NEW TO NIH, IS A GAP 6377 03:48:30,282 --> 03:48:31,950 IN NEI'S CURRENT RESEARCH 6378 03:48:31,950 --> 03:48:33,619 PORTFOLIO. 6379 03:48:33,619 --> 03:48:37,623 AS A MOTIVATING EXAMPLE, ONE 6380 03:48:37,623 --> 03:48:39,258 EXAMPLE THAT DR. MEGAN COLLINS, 6381 03:48:39,258 --> 03:48:40,993 A PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGIST WHO 6382 03:48:40,993 --> 03:48:42,061 WAS A PARTICIPANT AT THE 6383 03:48:42,061 --> 03:48:47,132 WORKSHOP I MENTIONED, BROUGHT UP 6384 03:48:47,132 --> 03:48:51,203 IS THE CONCEPT OF REFRACTIVE -- 6385 03:48:51,203 --> 03:48:52,404 UNCORRECTED REFRACTIVE ERROR AND 6386 03:48:52,404 --> 03:48:54,173 VISION SCHEENING. 6387 03:48:54,173 --> 03:48:54,707 SCREENING. 6388 03:48:54,707 --> 03:48:56,875 SO ON THIS SLIDE I HAVE THREE 6389 03:48:56,875 --> 03:48:58,610 BOXES TEE PICTURING THREE STEPS 6390 03:48:58,610 --> 03:48:59,478 OF A POTENTIAL PROCESS. 6391 03:48:59,478 --> 03:49:00,913 BOX ONE IS LABELED VISION 6392 03:49:00,913 --> 03:49:02,881 SCREENING WITH THE EXAMPLE OF 6393 03:49:02,881 --> 03:49:03,916 SCHOOLS. 6394 03:49:03,916 --> 03:49:06,151 BOX TWO IS LABELED EYE EXAM, 6395 03:49:06,151 --> 03:49:08,020 EXAMPLE IN THE COMMUNITY, AND 6396 03:49:08,020 --> 03:49:09,855 THREE IS BETTER OUTCOMES, FOR 6397 03:49:09,855 --> 03:49:11,190 EXAMPLE, GLASSES. 6398 03:49:11,190 --> 03:49:14,927 EACH STEP IS DMOAC CONNECTED BYA 6399 03:49:14,927 --> 03:49:15,461 QUESTION MARK INDICATING 6400 03:49:15,461 --> 03:49:15,861 UNCERTAINTY. 6401 03:49:15,861 --> 03:49:17,963 SO RESEARCH THAT NEI FUNDS 6402 03:49:17,963 --> 03:49:21,066 CONTINUES TO DOCUMENT IS 6403 03:49:21,066 --> 03:49:23,102 DISPARITIES N UNITED STATES, 6404 03:49:23,102 --> 03:49:24,803 BETWEEN GEOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHICS, 6405 03:49:24,803 --> 03:49:26,071 BUT WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO 6406 03:49:26,071 --> 03:49:27,039 ABOUT IT? 6407 03:49:27,039 --> 03:49:28,774 ONE THOUGHT THAT OFTEN COMES TO 6408 03:49:28,774 --> 03:49:29,908 MIND INCLUDING AT THE WORKSHOP 6409 03:49:29,908 --> 03:49:31,377 IS HOW VISION SCREENING COULD 6410 03:49:31,377 --> 03:49:32,411 ADDRESS THIS. 6411 03:49:32,411 --> 03:49:35,080 THE LOGIC OF SCREENING LOOKS 6412 03:49:35,080 --> 03:49:35,581 PRETTY STRAIGHTFORWARD. 6413 03:49:35,581 --> 03:49:37,182 YOU GO OUT, YOU IDENTIFIED A 6414 03:49:37,182 --> 03:49:38,450 CONDITION EARLY, SAY AMONG 6415 03:49:38,450 --> 03:49:40,819 SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN, INTERVENE 6416 03:49:40,819 --> 03:49:41,920 SWIFTLY, AND PREVENT FURTHER 6417 03:49:41,920 --> 03:49:43,489 PROGRESSION. 6418 03:49:43,489 --> 03:49:45,491 IN REALITY, HOWEVER, SUCCESS OF 6419 03:49:45,491 --> 03:49:47,092 VISION SCREENING PROGRAMS IS 6420 03:49:47,092 --> 03:49:48,127 OFTEN AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT 6421 03:49:48,127 --> 03:49:52,631 FACTORS, INCLUDING INEQUITIES IN 6422 03:49:52,631 --> 03:49:53,499 ACCESS, INCONSISTENCIES IN 6423 03:49:53,499 --> 03:49:55,033 FOLLOW-UP CARE AFTER SCREENING, 6424 03:49:55,033 --> 03:49:56,034 VARIATIONS IN THE QUALITY OF 6425 03:49:56,034 --> 03:50:00,139 CARE PROVIDED ONCE A VISION -- 6426 03:50:00,139 --> 03:50:03,008 IS DETECTED BY SCREENING, AND 6427 03:50:03,008 --> 03:50:07,513 PARTICIPANTS MENTIONED HOW 6428 03:50:07,513 --> 03:50:08,514 SCREENING CAN CREATE A FALSE 6429 03:50:08,514 --> 03:50:11,383 SENSE OF SECURITY FOR EXAMPLE BY 6430 03:50:11,383 --> 03:50:13,252 MISTAKING -- THUS INADVERTENTLY 6431 03:50:13,252 --> 03:50:15,621 EXACERBATING THE DISPARITIES IN 6432 03:50:15,621 --> 03:50:22,694 UNCORRECTED REFRACTION ERROR, SO 6433 03:50:22,694 --> 03:50:24,897 WHAT HAPPENS AFTER SCREENING 6434 03:50:24,897 --> 03:50:26,398 MATTERS A LOT. 6435 03:50:26,398 --> 03:50:27,766 AND TACKLING AND TAKING 6436 03:50:27,766 --> 03:50:29,868 REFRACTIVE ERRORS AND SCREENING 6437 03:50:29,868 --> 03:50:30,936 CHALLENGES REQUIRES INTERVENING 6438 03:50:30,936 --> 03:50:32,704 AT MULTIPLE LEVELS, SO IN THIS 6439 03:50:32,704 --> 03:50:34,440 CASE, 40 INTERVENING AT AN 6440 03:50:34,440 --> 03:50:36,875 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AT BEHAVIOR AND 6441 03:50:36,875 --> 03:50:39,411 BIOLOGY TO INTERVENING AT AN 6442 03:50:39,411 --> 03:50:41,113 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, SCHOOL 6443 03:50:41,113 --> 03:50:42,614 POLICIES, ACCESS TO EYE EXAM 6444 03:50:42,614 --> 03:50:43,348 SERVICES, COMMUNICATIONS WITH 6445 03:50:43,348 --> 03:50:44,249 PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. 6446 03:50:44,249 --> 03:50:46,018 MAYBE IT'S NECESSARY TO ENGAGE 6447 03:50:46,018 --> 03:50:46,885 WITH COMMUNITY AND HEAR WHAT 6448 03:50:46,885 --> 03:50:49,388 WORKS AND WHAT DOESN'T WORK TO 6449 03:50:49,388 --> 03:50:50,689 BUILD THAT TRUST WITH FAMILIES 6450 03:50:50,689 --> 03:50:51,890 AND PARENTS TO CLARIFY 6451 03:50:51,890 --> 03:50:52,291 MISUNDERSTANDINGS. 6452 03:50:52,291 --> 03:50:54,126 MAYBE WE NEED TO RECRUIT 6453 03:50:54,126 --> 03:50:56,028 PARENTS, TEACHERS AND GUARDIANS 6454 03:50:56,028 --> 03:50:56,762 AS PART OF THE RESEARCH TEAM, OR 6455 03:50:56,762 --> 03:50:58,297 MAYBE IF SCHOOLS ARE NOT THE 6456 03:50:58,297 --> 03:50:59,531 BEST VENUE, WHAT ELSE MIGHT BE 6457 03:50:59,531 --> 03:51:00,132 OPTIONS? 6458 03:51:00,132 --> 03:51:01,867 CAN RESEARCHERS TEAM UP WITH 6459 03:51:01,867 --> 03:51:04,369 COMMUNITY CENTERS, CHURCHES, 6460 03:51:04,369 --> 03:51:05,337 AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAMS? SO 6461 03:51:05,337 --> 03:51:06,472 INTERVENTION HERE IS MORE THAN 6462 03:51:06,472 --> 03:51:07,139 JUST SCREENING. 6463 03:51:07,139 --> 03:51:07,906 IT'S MULTILEVEL. 6464 03:51:07,906 --> 03:51:09,408 IT'S ABOUT CORRECTING REFRACTIVE 6465 03:51:09,408 --> 03:51:11,577 ERROR AND ENSURING OVERALL 6466 03:51:11,577 --> 03:51:13,846 WELL-BEING OF AN INDIVIDUAL 6467 03:51:13,846 --> 03:51:17,850 THROUGHOUT THEIR LIFE COURSE. 6468 03:51:17,850 --> 03:51:19,151 REFRACTIVE ERROR AND SCREENING 6469 03:51:19,151 --> 03:51:20,953 IS JUST ONE BROAD EXAMPLE, AND I 6470 03:51:20,953 --> 03:51:21,820 WANT TO BE CLEAR THAT THIS IS 6471 03:51:21,820 --> 03:51:24,556 NOT A SCREENING INITIATIVE, PER 6472 03:51:24,556 --> 03:51:24,890 SE. 6473 03:51:24,890 --> 03:51:26,058 WE ENVISIONED THAT THIS 6474 03:51:26,058 --> 03:51:26,792 INITIATIVE WOULD PROVIDE MANY 6475 03:51:26,792 --> 03:51:27,926 OTHER OPPORTUNITIES TO ENGAGE 6476 03:51:27,926 --> 03:51:31,296 COMMUNITY PARTNERS, FOR EXAMPLE, 6477 03:51:31,296 --> 03:51:32,931 HOW MIGHT MOBILE HEALTH INCREASE 6478 03:51:32,931 --> 03:51:34,132 ACCESS TO VISION HEALTH SERVICES 6479 03:51:34,132 --> 03:51:35,968 IN RURAL SETTINGS? 6480 03:51:35,968 --> 03:51:37,336 IN WHAT WAYS COULD COLLABORATION 6481 03:51:37,336 --> 03:51:39,104 WITH FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS 6482 03:51:39,104 --> 03:51:41,306 OR OTHER BUSINESSES OR SERVICES 6483 03:51:41,306 --> 03:51:44,409 COULD EXPAND THE DELIVERY OF 6484 03:51:44,409 --> 03:51:45,544 VISION HEALTH INTERVENTIONS? 6485 03:51:45,544 --> 03:51:47,346 HOW COULD CULTURALLY INFORMED 6486 03:51:47,346 --> 03:51:48,847 HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES 6487 03:51:48,847 --> 03:51:51,283 IMPROVE VISION HEALTH LITERACY? 6488 03:51:51,283 --> 03:51:52,651 HOW MIGHT PEER SUPPORT PROGRAMS 6489 03:51:52,651 --> 03:51:54,353 AND NAVIGATORS CONNECT PATIENTS 6490 03:51:54,353 --> 03:51:56,555 TO RESOURCES AND OTHER VISION 6491 03:51:56,555 --> 03:51:57,656 SERVICES? 6492 03:51:57,656 --> 03:51:58,991 WHAT WAYS COULD AI ENHANCE 6493 03:51:58,991 --> 03:52:00,092 DETECTION AND REFERRAL PROCESSES 6494 03:52:00,092 --> 03:52:04,029 IN LOW RESOURCE SETTINGS? 6495 03:52:04,029 --> 03:52:05,564 SO I WOULD LIKE TO END THIS 6496 03:52:05,564 --> 03:52:06,498 CONCEPT CLEARANCE PRESENTATION 6497 03:52:06,498 --> 03:52:10,836 BY RECAPPING THE OBJECTIVES AND 6498 03:52:10,836 --> 03:52:11,169 SCOPE. 6499 03:52:11,169 --> 03:52:12,404 WE WOULD VERY MUCH APPRECIATE 6500 03:52:12,404 --> 03:52:13,739 COUNCIL'S FEEDBACK ON THIS 6501 03:52:13,739 --> 03:52:14,373 INITIATIVE THAT WOULD SUPPORT 6502 03:52:14,373 --> 03:52:15,974 RESEARCH PROGRAMS THAT WILL 6503 03:52:15,974 --> 03:52:17,543 CATALYZE, DEVELOP AND EVALUATE 6504 03:52:17,543 --> 03:52:19,211 COMMUNITY ENGAGED MULTILEVEL 6505 03:52:19,211 --> 03:52:20,212 INTERVENTIONS THAT ADDRESS 6506 03:52:20,212 --> 03:52:22,681 HEALTH DISPARITIES TO ADVANCE 6507 03:52:22,681 --> 03:52:24,316 VISION HEALTH EQUITY, RESEARCH 6508 03:52:24,316 --> 03:52:27,219 THAT REQUIRES EVIDENCE OF 6509 03:52:27,219 --> 03:52:28,687 MEANINGFUL COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, 6510 03:52:28,687 --> 03:52:31,557 FOR EXAMPLE, COMMUNITY PARTNERS 6511 03:52:31,557 --> 03:52:33,825 HOLDING KEY ROLES IN THE PROJECT 6512 03:52:33,825 --> 03:52:38,497 AS COINVESTIGATORS OR MPIs, 6513 03:52:38,497 --> 03:52:40,399 AND RESEARCH INVOLVES 6514 03:52:40,399 --> 03:52:41,767 TRANSDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONS 6515 03:52:41,767 --> 03:52:43,268 WITH SCIENTISTS AND OTHER 6516 03:52:43,268 --> 03:52:44,570 RESEARCHERS OUTSIDE THE VISION 6517 03:52:44,570 --> 03:52:45,837 FIELD, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH 6518 03:52:45,837 --> 03:52:47,573 DISPARITIES RESEARCH, EDUCATION, 6519 03:52:47,573 --> 03:52:50,008 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL 6520 03:52:50,008 --> 03:52:53,278 SCIENCES. 6521 03:52:53,278 --> 03:52:54,746 BEFORE I CLOSE WITH THE 6522 03:52:54,746 --> 03:52:56,348 DISCUSSION, I WANT TO AGAIN 6523 03:52:56,348 --> 03:52:57,916 ACKNOWLEDGE MY COLLABORATORS AND 6524 03:52:57,916 --> 03:52:59,885 THANK NIMHD FOR THEIR HELP WITH 6525 03:52:59,885 --> 03:53:00,552 THEIR WORKSHOP. 6526 03:53:00,552 --> 03:53:02,020 I WAS ORIGINALLY GOING TO CLOSE 6527 03:53:02,020 --> 03:53:05,190 WITH A QUOTE FROM 6528 03:53:05,190 --> 03:53:05,958 DR. BERTAGNOLLI ABOUT HOW 6529 03:53:05,958 --> 03:53:07,092 PATIENTS ARE OUR PARTNERS IN 6530 03:53:07,092 --> 03:53:11,163 RESEARCH, BUT I THINK 6531 03:53:11,163 --> 03:53:12,164 DR. ANDERSON GAVE US SOMETHING 6532 03:53:12,164 --> 03:53:13,098 TO THINK ABOUT THIS MORNING, 6533 03:53:13,098 --> 03:53:14,132 WHEN THE COMMUNITY IS INVOLVED, 6534 03:53:14,132 --> 03:53:14,733 WE ALL WIN. 6535 03:53:14,733 --> 03:53:16,168 SO ANY COMMENTS YOU HAVE WOULD 6536 03:53:16,168 --> 03:53:17,069 BE VERY MUCH APPRECIATED. 6537 03:53:17,069 --> 03:53:18,236 OTHER EXAMPLES FROM YOUR 6538 03:53:18,236 --> 03:53:20,472 SPECIALTY THAT COULD BENEFIT 6539 03:53:20,472 --> 03:53:21,873 FROM COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT? 6540 03:53:21,873 --> 03:53:22,874 DO YOU HAVE EXAMPLES FROM OTHER 6541 03:53:22,874 --> 03:53:23,909 FIELDS THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO 6542 03:53:23,909 --> 03:53:24,142 SHARE? 6543 03:53:24,142 --> 03:53:26,778 THANK YOU IN ADVANCE FOR YOUR 6544 03:53:26,778 --> 03:53:27,479 TIME, ATTENTION AND DISCUSSION. 6545 03:53:27,479 --> 03:53:28,880 >> THANKS, JIMMY. 6546 03:53:28,880 --> 03:53:31,817 SO THE ASSIGNED DISCUSSANTS FOR 6547 03:53:31,817 --> 03:53:34,319 THIS ARE JANI AND MARIA, AND 6548 03:53:34,319 --> 03:53:35,253 THEN OF COURSE WE'D LIKE TO HEAR 6549 03:53:35,253 --> 03:53:35,754 FROM OTHERS. 6550 03:53:35,754 --> 03:53:39,691 SO GO AHEAD -- OH, I TURNED ON 6551 03:53:39,691 --> 03:53:43,662 YOUR -- 6552 03:53:43,662 --> 03:53:45,030 >> I WANT TO START BY REALLY 6553 03:53:45,030 --> 03:53:46,565 THANKING YOU FOR A FANTASTIC 6554 03:53:46,565 --> 03:53:47,699 PRESENTATION AND A GREAT 6555 03:53:47,699 --> 03:53:48,033 CONCEPT. 6556 03:53:48,033 --> 03:53:50,135 AS YOU ALL HAVE HEARD EARLIER 6557 03:53:50,135 --> 03:53:55,140 TODAY, I AM NOT THE SCIENTIFIC 6558 03:53:55,140 --> 03:53:56,808 COMMUNITY BUT MY BACKGROUND IS 6559 03:53:56,808 --> 03:53:57,709 IN LAW AND DISABILITY POLICY. 6560 03:53:57,709 --> 03:54:00,912 SO I WAS PARTICULARLY ENTRANCED 6561 03:54:00,912 --> 03:54:03,048 WITH YOUR ENDING WHERE YOU 6562 03:54:03,048 --> 03:54:05,584 PRETTY MUCH PRESENTED THE MANTRA 6563 03:54:05,584 --> 03:54:07,252 OF THE DISABILITY COMMUNITY, AND 6564 03:54:07,252 --> 03:54:09,054 THAT IS THAT IF YOU INCREASE 6565 03:54:09,054 --> 03:54:10,822 ACCESS AND INCLUSION FOR PEOPLE 6566 03:54:10,822 --> 03:54:12,090 WITH DISABILITIES, YOU IMPROVE 6567 03:54:12,090 --> 03:54:14,459 THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR US ALL. 6568 03:54:14,459 --> 03:54:18,997 SO I WOULD BE REMISS IN NOT 6569 03:54:18,997 --> 03:54:21,533 THANKING ALL OF YOU, BOTH FOR 6570 03:54:21,533 --> 03:54:23,301 CREATING AND BRINGING THIS 6571 03:54:23,301 --> 03:54:27,372 FORWARD. 6572 03:54:27,372 --> 03:54:29,608 AND ALSO ACKNOWLEDGING THE 6573 03:54:29,608 --> 03:54:34,146 INCREDIBLE WORK BY THOSE AROUND 6574 03:54:34,146 --> 03:54:35,847 THIS TABLE AND THE COMMUNITY IN 6575 03:54:35,847 --> 03:54:36,982 SCIENCE, IN THE UNITED STATES 6576 03:54:36,982 --> 03:54:38,617 AND AROUND THE WORLD IN 6577 03:54:38,617 --> 03:54:40,018 RELENTLESSLY SEEKING TREATMENT 6578 03:54:40,018 --> 03:54:43,088 AND CURES FOR BLINDING AND OTHER 6579 03:54:43,088 --> 03:54:45,557 DISEASES, THE PHYSICIANS WHO SO 6580 03:54:45,557 --> 03:54:46,224 COMPASSIONATELY CARE FOR US. 6581 03:54:46,224 --> 03:54:47,559 AND I ALSO WANT TO CALL OUT 6582 03:54:47,559 --> 03:54:49,528 KATHY AND NATHAN, WHO HAVE MADE 6583 03:54:49,528 --> 03:54:50,729 IT THEIR PERSONAL MISSION TO 6584 03:54:50,729 --> 03:54:53,131 MAKE SURE THAT EVERY POWERPOINT 6585 03:54:53,131 --> 03:54:54,433 ON THIS SLIDE IS ACCESSIBLE TO 6586 03:54:54,433 --> 03:54:56,535 SOMEONE WHO IS UNABLE TO SEE IT. 6587 03:54:56,535 --> 03:54:59,271 AND IT HAS BEEN REALLY 6588 03:54:59,271 --> 03:55:01,239 INSTRUCTIVE, I THINK, TO ALL OF 6589 03:55:01,239 --> 03:55:01,606 US. 6590 03:55:01,606 --> 03:55:05,043 I WANT TO FOCUS JUST ON TWO 6591 03:55:05,043 --> 03:55:05,711 THINGS, TWO STATEMENTS THAT I 6592 03:55:05,711 --> 03:55:06,845 THINK ARE REALLY TELLING ABOUT 6593 03:55:06,845 --> 03:55:09,848 THIS. 6594 03:55:09,848 --> 03:55:10,916 POTENTIAL CONCEPT. 6595 03:55:10,916 --> 03:55:13,285 THIS CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY 6596 03:55:13,285 --> 03:55:14,820 ENGAGED SCIENCE, AND VISION 6597 03:55:14,820 --> 03:55:16,421 HEALTH EQUITY. 6598 03:55:16,421 --> 03:55:18,824 SO LET START WITH EQUITY SINCE 6599 03:55:18,824 --> 03:55:21,359 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ACCESS 6600 03:55:21,359 --> 03:55:22,694 INCLUSION, IMPROVING THE LIVES 6601 03:55:22,694 --> 03:55:23,428 OF EVERYBODY. 6602 03:55:23,428 --> 03:55:25,230 THE MARGINALIZED GROUPS THAT YOU 6603 03:55:25,230 --> 03:55:27,999 HAVE IDENTIFIED ARE SIGNIFICANT 6604 03:55:27,999 --> 03:55:32,537 AND THEY ARE ALL ALSO HEALTH 6605 03:55:32,537 --> 03:55:35,173 DISPARITIES IDENTIFIED BY NIH, 6606 03:55:35,173 --> 03:55:37,709 AND I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT ALSO 6607 03:55:37,709 --> 03:55:40,045 TO POINT OUT THAT DISABILITY WAS 6608 03:55:40,045 --> 03:55:42,147 ADDED AS A HEALTH DISPARITY NO 6609 03:55:42,147 --> 03:55:44,616 LESS THAN THREE MONTHS AGO BY 6610 03:55:44,616 --> 03:55:46,418 EXECUTIVE ORDER FROM PRESIDENT 6611 03:55:46,418 --> 03:55:46,752 BIDEN. 6612 03:55:46,752 --> 03:55:50,622 SO THIS IS VERY MUCH AT THE 6613 03:55:50,622 --> 03:55:52,891 FRONTIER OF THE INCLUSION 6614 03:55:52,891 --> 03:55:54,960 DISCUSSION, AND IT'S VERY TIMELY 6615 03:55:54,960 --> 03:55:56,461 IN TERMS OF THE WAY OUR CULTURE 6616 03:55:56,461 --> 03:55:59,197 AND SOCIETY ARE DEVELOPING. 6617 03:55:59,197 --> 03:56:01,633 IT'S ALSO CLEAR FROM OUR 6618 03:56:01,633 --> 03:56:03,835 MORNING'S DISCUSSION THAT THIS 6619 03:56:03,835 --> 03:56:04,770 FITS WITHIN TWO IF NOT ALL FOUR 6620 03:56:04,770 --> 03:56:07,405 OF THE PILLARS THAT SUSTAIN THE 6621 03:56:07,405 --> 03:56:12,677 MISSION OF THIS COUNCIL, AND 6622 03:56:12,677 --> 03:56:15,213 THAT WHEN WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT 6623 03:56:15,213 --> 03:56:20,252 OUR WORK IS TO INVESTIGATE AND 6624 03:56:20,252 --> 03:56:22,154 DEVELOP TREATMENTS AND CURES, WE 6625 03:56:22,154 --> 03:56:22,854 ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE THE WHOLE LIFE 6626 03:56:22,854 --> 03:56:24,556 OF THE PERSON AND THE WAY THEY 6627 03:56:24,556 --> 03:56:27,125 FIT INTO SOCIETY, AND LET'S JUST 6628 03:56:27,125 --> 03:56:28,593 BE PERFECTLY CLEAR, IF YOU ARE 6629 03:56:28,593 --> 03:56:29,828 BLIND OR LOW VISION, YOU ARE 6630 03:56:29,828 --> 03:56:32,964 MORE AT RISK OF ISOLATION AND 6631 03:56:32,964 --> 03:56:34,166 DEPENDENCE THAN SOMEONE WHO IS 6632 03:56:34,166 --> 03:56:35,167 NOT. 6633 03:56:35,167 --> 03:56:38,036 SO CREATING AN ATMOSPHERE FOR 6634 03:56:38,036 --> 03:56:41,473 COLLABORATIVE WORK THAT WILL 6635 03:56:41,473 --> 03:56:44,276 ENABLE US TO THEN TRANSLATE THE 6636 03:56:44,276 --> 03:56:48,380 BENEFITS OF THE RESEARCH INTO 6637 03:56:48,380 --> 03:56:49,614 ACTUAL MEANS BY WHICH DISABLED 6638 03:56:49,614 --> 03:56:53,418 AND OTHER PEOPLE CAN LIVE HAS 6639 03:56:53,418 --> 03:56:54,653 TREMENDOUS VALUE AND APPEAL, AT 6640 03:56:54,653 --> 03:56:59,958 LEAST TO ME. 6641 03:56:59,958 --> 03:57:01,560 THE IDEA OF COMMUNITY ENGAGED 6642 03:57:01,560 --> 03:57:03,762 RESEARCH AS WE ALL KNOW IS NOT 6643 03:57:03,762 --> 03:57:06,565 NEW BUT ALSO SOMETHING SPOKEN TO 6644 03:57:06,565 --> 03:57:07,232 ELOQUENTLY IN THE PRESENTATIONS 6645 03:57:07,232 --> 03:57:08,200 THIS MORNING IN TERMS OF 6646 03:57:08,200 --> 03:57:10,402 COLLABORATION AND OVERLAP IN 6647 03:57:10,402 --> 03:57:14,973 INTERSECTION WITH THE VERY MANY 6648 03:57:14,973 --> 03:57:16,474 SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY THAT SINCE 6649 03:57:16,474 --> 03:57:18,310 THE PANDEMIC HAVE REALLY COME 6650 03:57:18,310 --> 03:57:18,577 TOGETHER. 6651 03:57:18,577 --> 03:57:21,112 THERE IS NO LONGER ANY SUCH 6652 03:57:21,112 --> 03:57:22,480 THING AS JUST A PROBLEM FOR ONE 6653 03:57:22,480 --> 03:57:23,949 PERSON. 6654 03:57:23,949 --> 03:57:27,052 AND SO IN EXTENDING OUT INTO THE 6655 03:57:27,052 --> 03:57:28,854 COMMUNITY AND ENGAGING, 6656 03:57:28,854 --> 03:57:31,223 PARTICULARLY SINCE THE DOBBS 6657 03:57:31,223 --> 03:57:34,626 DECISION, IN COMMUNITY WHERE 6658 03:57:34,626 --> 03:57:37,295 HEALTHCARE IS FINDING A 6659 03:57:37,295 --> 03:57:40,031 DIFFICULT WAY FORWARD, AND SO 6660 03:57:40,031 --> 03:57:44,436 MAY BE LESS AVAILABLE OR 6661 03:57:44,436 --> 03:57:45,704 RESTRICTED IN CERTAIN WAYS, WE 6662 03:57:45,704 --> 03:57:47,672 CAN REALLY HELP ADVANCE THE 6663 03:57:47,672 --> 03:57:49,474 CAUSE OF THE ENTIRE NATION BY 6664 03:57:49,474 --> 03:57:51,543 DOING OUR BEST TO ELEVATE THE 6665 03:57:51,543 --> 03:57:52,744 STANDARD FOR COMMUNITY 6666 03:57:52,744 --> 03:57:53,845 INCLUSION. 6667 03:57:53,845 --> 03:57:56,081 SO I CONGRATULATION YOU, I 6668 03:57:56,081 --> 03:57:56,648 WHOLEHEARTEDLY SUPPORT YOUR 6669 03:57:56,648 --> 03:57:56,882 PROGRAM. 6670 03:57:56,882 --> 03:57:57,849 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 6671 03:57:57,849 --> 03:58:03,221 >> THANK YOU. 6672 03:58:03,221 --> 03:58:04,623 >> THAT'S HARD TO FOLLOW. 6673 03:58:04,623 --> 03:58:05,657 I THINK SHE NAILED IT. 6674 03:58:05,657 --> 03:58:06,791 I REALLY DON'T HAVE ANYTHING 6675 03:58:06,791 --> 03:58:07,959 ELSE TO ADD. 6676 03:58:07,959 --> 03:58:09,427 I THINK IT'S WONDERFUL, AND 6677 03:58:09,427 --> 03:58:11,496 THANK YOU, IT'S AN EXCELLENT 6678 03:58:11,496 --> 03:58:12,364 PROGRAM, 100% MY SUPPORT AS 6679 03:58:12,364 --> 03:58:17,702 WELL. 6680 03:58:17,702 --> 03:58:19,271 >> WE APPRECIATE COUNCIL'S 6681 03:58:19,271 --> 03:58:20,071 FEEDBACK. 6682 03:58:20,071 --> 03:58:20,405 DR. DANA? 6683 03:58:20,405 --> 03:58:21,940 >> HOW CAN ONE NOT SUPPORT SUCH 6684 03:58:21,940 --> 03:58:24,309 AN INITIATIVE, RIGHT? 6685 03:58:24,309 --> 03:58:24,576 SERIOUSLY. 6686 03:58:24,576 --> 03:58:25,443 I MEAN, I'M NOT SAYING IT TONGUE 6687 03:58:25,443 --> 03:58:26,478 IN CHEEK. 6688 03:58:26,478 --> 03:58:28,613 SO WONDERFUL. 6689 03:58:28,613 --> 03:58:32,884 HOWEVER, HOWEVER, AGAIN, IF THIS 6690 03:58:32,884 --> 03:58:36,221 IS NOT DONE AT A SCALE, THAT'S 6691 03:58:36,221 --> 03:58:37,689 GOING TO REALLY HAVE A 6692 03:58:37,689 --> 03:58:41,593 MEANINGFUL IMPACT, AGAIN, IT 6693 03:58:41,593 --> 03:58:44,062 WILL BE A NICE SYMBOLIC GESTURE 6694 03:58:44,062 --> 03:58:45,764 AND NOT MUCH BEYOND THAT. 6695 03:58:45,764 --> 03:58:47,766 SO THERE ARE TWO WAYS OF DEALING 6696 03:58:47,766 --> 03:58:49,734 WITH THAT SITUATION AT A TIME OF 6697 03:58:49,734 --> 03:58:51,937 LIMITED RESOURCES. 6698 03:58:51,937 --> 03:58:53,338 EITHER YOU HAVE TO ENSURE THAT 6699 03:58:53,338 --> 03:58:56,608 THE SCALE AND THE SCOPE OF THIS 6700 03:58:56,608 --> 03:58:58,043 BUDGET IS LARGE ENOUGH, AT LEAST 6701 03:58:58,043 --> 03:58:59,344 AT CERTAIN LOCALES, TO SEE 6702 03:58:59,344 --> 03:59:01,179 WHETHER YOU HAVE AN EFFECT, OR 6703 03:59:01,179 --> 03:59:03,281 IF YOU CAN'T, THEN YOU REALLY 6704 03:59:03,281 --> 03:59:05,951 HAVE TO RESTRICT WHERE YOU APPLY 6705 03:59:05,951 --> 03:59:07,786 THIS PROGRAM, AND THEN SEE IF 6706 03:59:07,786 --> 03:59:09,454 THERE ARE ANY MEASURABLE 6707 03:59:09,454 --> 03:59:10,288 EFFECTS. 6708 03:59:10,288 --> 03:59:12,824 THAT WAY, YOU'LL HAVE KIND OF A 6709 03:59:12,824 --> 03:59:15,293 QUASI CONTROL WOULD SITUATION, 6710 03:59:15,293 --> 03:59:15,493 RIGHT? 6711 03:59:15,493 --> 03:59:16,728 YOU WILL COMPARE TO OTHER PLACES 6712 03:59:16,728 --> 03:59:18,797 WHERE THERE HAS NOT BEEN THIS 6713 03:59:18,797 --> 03:59:19,130 INTERVENTION. 6714 03:59:19,130 --> 03:59:25,637 THANK YOU. 6715 03:59:25,637 --> 03:59:27,505 >> WE'RE DEFINITELY GOING TO 6716 03:59:27,505 --> 03:59:28,606 TAKE THAT FEEDBACK INTO 6717 03:59:28,606 --> 03:59:30,275 CONSIDERATION AND MAKE THIS AS 6718 03:59:30,275 --> 03:59:31,443 FOCUSED AS POSSIBLE BUT AS LARGE 6719 03:59:31,443 --> 03:59:32,944 AS FEASIBLE. 6720 03:59:32,944 --> 03:59:33,411 THANK YOU, EVERYONE. 6721 03:59:33,411 --> 03:59:35,714 >> OKAY. 6722 03:59:35,714 --> 03:59:35,914 GREAT. 6723 03:59:35,914 --> 03:59:38,216 THANK YOU FOR YOUR INPUT AND 6724 03:59:38,216 --> 03:59:40,685 KIND WORDS. 6725 03:59:40,685 --> 03:59:43,254 AND DANA, THANK YOU FOR YOUR 6726 03:59:43,254 --> 03:59:43,722 SUGGESTIONS. 6727 03:59:43,722 --> 03:59:44,956 WE MADE A NOTE OF THOSE. 6728 03:59:44,956 --> 03:59:46,758 SO MAY I HAVE A MOTION TO 6729 03:59:46,758 --> 03:59:47,726 APPROVE THIS CONCEPT? 6730 03:59:47,726 --> 03:59:47,993 THANK YOU. 6731 03:59:47,993 --> 03:59:48,259 A SECOND? 6732 03:59:48,259 --> 03:59:49,794 THANK YOU. 6733 03:59:49,794 --> 03:59:52,831 ALL IN FAVOR? 6734 03:59:52,831 --> 03:59:58,870 GREAT. 6735 03:59:58,870 --> 03:59:59,070 OKAY. 6736 03:59:59,070 --> 04:00:00,572 SO THE MOTION PASSES. 6737 04:00:00,572 --> 04:00:02,607 THANK YOU. 6738 04:00:02,607 --> 04:00:03,274 OKAY. 6739 04:00:03,274 --> 04:00:05,510 AT THIS POINT, WE ARE RUNNING A 6740 04:00:05,510 --> 04:00:06,778 LITTLE BIT BEHIND, BUT WE STILL 6741 04:00:06,778 --> 04:00:08,713 HAVE TIME FOR OUR GENERAL 6742 04:00:08,713 --> 04:00:10,448 DISCUSSION. 6743 04:00:10,448 --> 04:00:11,916 SO I'M JUST GOING TO OPEN THE 6744 04:00:11,916 --> 04:00:13,918 FLOOR FOR QUESTIONS ABOUT 6745 04:00:13,918 --> 04:00:15,286 ANYTHING THAT YOU HEARD THIS 6746 04:00:15,286 --> 04:00:16,287 MORNING OR ANYTHING ELSE YOU 6747 04:00:16,287 --> 04:00:18,289 WOULD LIKE TO RAISE WITH COUNCIL 6748 04:00:18,289 --> 04:00:23,361 OR WITH DR. CHIANG, NOT WITH ME. 6749 04:00:23,361 --> 04:00:23,628 [LAUGHTER] 6750 04:00:23,628 --> 04:00:25,230 >> OKAY, NOT WITH KATHY. 6751 04:00:25,230 --> 04:00:26,664 THIS IS MARIA GRANT. 6752 04:00:26,664 --> 04:00:27,165 I HAVE A QUESTION. 6753 04:00:27,165 --> 04:00:30,168 COULD YOU CLARIFY THE F38? 6754 04:00:30,168 --> 04:00:34,539 I AM CONFUSED ABOUT ITS ROLE IN 6755 04:00:34,539 --> 04:00:37,175 THE F38, DID I HEAR THAT 6756 04:00:37,175 --> 04:00:38,643 CORRECTLY? 6757 04:00:38,643 --> 04:00:40,412 R38 RATHER, SORRY. 6758 04:00:40,412 --> 04:00:41,713 GETTING MY LETTERS AND MY 6759 04:00:41,713 --> 04:00:42,647 NUMBERS CONFUSED. 6760 04:00:42,647 --> 04:00:50,388 OKAY. 6761 04:00:50,388 --> 04:00:53,558 >> MARIA, IT'S MIKE. 6762 04:00:53,558 --> 04:00:57,095 THE R38 IS A GRANT PROGRAM TO 6763 04:00:57,095 --> 04:01:02,801 FUND DEPARTMENTS, GROUPS, TO 6764 04:01:02,801 --> 04:01:06,571 SUPPORT CLINICAL RESIDENTS TO DO 6765 04:01:06,571 --> 04:01:07,338 RESEARCH YEARS. 6766 04:01:07,338 --> 04:01:08,940 SO FOR EXAMPLE, IF A TYPICAL 6767 04:01:08,940 --> 04:01:12,243 RESIDENCY WERE, SAY, FOUR YEARS, 6768 04:01:12,243 --> 04:01:14,079 THIS WOULD BE A FIVE-YEAR OR 6769 04:01:14,079 --> 04:01:15,980 SIX-YEAR RESEARCH-ORIENTED 6770 04:01:15,980 --> 04:01:19,050 RESIDENCY, AND THE R38 PROGRAM 6771 04:01:19,050 --> 04:01:20,285 FUNDS THE COMPONENT THAT'S 6772 04:01:20,285 --> 04:01:21,419 DEDICATED TO RESEARCH. 6773 04:01:21,419 --> 04:01:24,689 AND SO THE IDEA IS TO CREATE 6774 04:01:24,689 --> 04:01:26,091 PROGRAMS THAT HAVE A 6775 04:01:26,091 --> 04:01:26,858 RESEARCH-ORIENTED COHORT. 6776 04:01:26,858 --> 04:01:30,128 BEYOND THAT, AND THERE ARE THREE 6777 04:01:30,128 --> 04:01:32,730 THAT I'M AWARE OF OTHER 6778 04:01:32,730 --> 04:01:34,232 INSTITUTES AT NIH THAT IMPLEMENT 6779 04:01:34,232 --> 04:01:37,735 THIS RIGHT NOW. 6780 04:01:37,735 --> 04:01:40,405 CANCER, NIAID AND AGING. 6781 04:01:40,405 --> 04:01:42,941 AND SO WE, I BELIEVE, ARE THE 6782 04:01:42,941 --> 04:01:44,876 FOURTH ONE. 6783 04:01:44,876 --> 04:01:48,313 NEERAJ IS REALLY THE ONE THAT 6784 04:01:48,313 --> 04:01:49,781 HAS SHEPHERDED THIS, AND IF 6785 04:01:49,781 --> 04:01:51,249 THERE'S ANYTHING ELSE YOU'D ADD 6786 04:01:51,249 --> 04:01:52,283 TO THAT, DON'T FEEL COMPELLED TO 6787 04:01:52,283 --> 04:01:55,954 BUT I SEE YOU WALKING UP. 6788 04:01:55,954 --> 04:01:58,123 >> I WAS JUST GOING TO SAY, I 6789 04:01:58,123 --> 04:01:59,591 THINK MAYBE YOUR QUESTION -- AND 6790 04:01:59,591 --> 04:02:01,593 MAYBE I'M JUST ASSUMING, BUT THE 6791 04:02:01,593 --> 04:02:03,661 R38 IS AN INSTITUTIONAL AWARD. 6792 04:02:03,661 --> 04:02:05,296 SO AN INSTITUTION APPLIES FOR 6793 04:02:05,296 --> 04:02:07,866 IT, AND THEN SUPPORT DIFFERENT 6794 04:02:07,866 --> 04:02:11,169 PEOPLE, AND I THINK THE F32, 6795 04:02:11,169 --> 04:02:13,304 WHICH YOU -- IT'S AN INDIVIDUAL 6796 04:02:13,304 --> 04:02:14,706 FELLOWSHIP AWARD. 6797 04:02:14,706 --> 04:02:15,874 >> THANK YOU. 6798 04:02:15,874 --> 04:02:17,375 I HAVE A FOLLOW-UP ON THAT. 6799 04:02:17,375 --> 04:02:20,712 THERE SEEMS TO BE A CURRENT 6800 04:02:20,712 --> 04:02:24,616 PROBLEM WITH THE OPHTHALMOLOGY 6801 04:02:24,616 --> 04:02:25,683 MEDICAL STUDENTS THAT WANT TO GO 6802 04:02:25,683 --> 04:02:28,019 INTO OPHTHALMOLOGY, AND THEN 6803 04:02:28,019 --> 04:02:30,555 THEY DON'T GET ACCEPTED AND -- 6804 04:02:30,555 --> 04:02:31,990 INTO RESIDENCY PROGRAM, AND THEY 6805 04:02:31,990 --> 04:02:34,359 HAVE A GAP YEAR. 6806 04:02:34,359 --> 04:02:37,462 AND THIS SEEMS TO BE EVERY YEAR 6807 04:02:37,462 --> 04:02:40,331 WORSE AND WORSE. 6808 04:02:40,331 --> 04:02:42,600 AND I THINK -- IT'S A 6809 04:02:42,600 --> 04:02:43,635 SUGGESTION, IT'S A WONDERFUL 6810 04:02:43,635 --> 04:02:47,739 OPPORTUNITY TO CA CAPTURE PHYSIN 6811 04:02:47,739 --> 04:02:49,207 NOOSE SCIENCE AT A TIME WHERE 6812 04:02:49,207 --> 04:02:50,008 THEY CAN REALLY FOCUS BEFORE 6813 04:02:50,008 --> 04:02:52,177 THEY -- AND, IF IT COULD BE KIND 6814 04:02:52,177 --> 04:02:54,445 OF HYBRIDDED INTO THE R38 6815 04:02:54,445 --> 04:02:55,480 SOMEHOW, YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN, 6816 04:02:55,480 --> 04:02:57,515 SO IF THEY EVER ACTUALLY DID 6817 04:02:57,515 --> 04:02:59,083 EVENTUALLY GET INTO AN 6818 04:02:59,083 --> 04:03:00,451 OPHTHALMOLOGY PROGRAM, THEY 6819 04:03:00,451 --> 04:03:02,420 COULD POTENTIALLY CONTINUE SOME 6820 04:03:02,420 --> 04:03:04,889 ASPECT OF RESEARCH, THAT WOULD 6821 04:03:04,889 --> 04:03:07,225 GIVE SOMEONE TWO YEARS, YOU 6822 04:03:07,225 --> 04:03:08,860 KNOW, OF RESEARCH EXPERIENCE 6823 04:03:08,860 --> 04:03:10,628 WHICH I THINK MIGHT HELP 6824 04:03:10,628 --> 04:03:13,898 ENCOURAGE THEM TO MAINTAIN 6825 04:03:13,898 --> 04:03:15,266 THROUGHOUT THEIR CAREER AN 6826 04:03:15,266 --> 04:03:16,334 INTEREST IN RESEARCH. 6827 04:03:16,334 --> 04:03:18,436 AND IT'S A SERIOUS PROBLEM, I 6828 04:03:18,436 --> 04:03:19,871 THINK, HAVING THESE STUDENTS WHO 6829 04:03:19,871 --> 04:03:21,706 WANT TO MAKE THE MOST OF THEIR 6830 04:03:21,706 --> 04:03:24,642 EXPERIENCE AND IF -- I DON'T 6831 04:03:24,642 --> 04:03:25,643 KNOW HOW IT COULD HAPPEN BECAUSE 6832 04:03:25,643 --> 04:03:27,478 IT'S USUALLY KIND OF SHORT 6833 04:03:27,478 --> 04:03:29,480 NOTICE, THEY APPLY TO 70-PLUS 6834 04:03:29,480 --> 04:03:30,882 PROGRAMS AND THEN THEY DECIDE 6835 04:03:30,882 --> 04:03:32,150 WHEN THEY DON'T WANT TO -- YOU 6836 04:03:32,150 --> 04:03:34,152 KNOW WHAT I MEAN, TO THEN APPLY 6837 04:03:34,152 --> 04:03:35,954 FOR A GAP -- IT'S NOT A GAP 6838 04:03:35,954 --> 04:03:37,355 YEAR, IT'S A POSTDOC YEAR KIND 6839 04:03:37,355 --> 04:03:38,323 OF EXPERIENCE. 6840 04:03:38,323 --> 04:03:40,091 SO I JUST THOUGHT -- I DIDN'T 6841 04:03:40,091 --> 04:03:41,793 KNOW IF ANYONE HAD THOUGHTS 6842 04:03:41,793 --> 04:03:44,896 ABOUT HOW WE COULD BETTER SERVE 6843 04:03:44,896 --> 04:03:48,967 THAT REALLY CRITICAL GROUP OF 6844 04:03:48,967 --> 04:03:54,272 INDIVIDUALS. 6845 04:03:54,272 --> 04:03:55,974 >> MARIA, THANK YOU FOR RAISING 6846 04:03:55,974 --> 04:03:58,176 THAT ISSUE. 6847 04:03:58,176 --> 04:03:58,977 MIKE AGAIN. 6848 04:03:58,977 --> 04:04:01,145 I'D LIKE TO OPEN THIS UP TO THE 6849 04:04:01,145 --> 04:04:01,746 GROUP. 6850 04:04:01,746 --> 04:04:04,849 I THINK ONE OF THE QUESTIONS 6851 04:04:04,849 --> 04:04:11,856 THAT I'VE OFTEN WONDERED IS TH 6852 04:04:11,856 --> 04:04:12,857 THAT -- SO A COUPLE QUESTIONS. 6853 04:04:12,857 --> 04:04:15,660 ONE OF THEM, A COMMON SCENARIO I 6854 04:04:15,660 --> 04:04:17,195 SEE IS THAT THERE'S A MEDICAL 6855 04:04:17,195 --> 04:04:19,297 STUDENT WHO WANTS TO TAKE TIME 6856 04:04:19,297 --> 04:04:20,798 OFF TO DO RESEARCH, AND THERE'S 6857 04:04:20,798 --> 04:04:25,903 NOT OFTEN AN EASY FUNDING 6858 04:04:25,903 --> 04:04:26,504 MECHANISM FOR THAT. 6859 04:04:26,504 --> 04:04:27,872 OFTEN THE TYPICAL SCENARIO IS 6860 04:04:27,872 --> 04:04:29,841 THAT THEY WANT TO -- AND HERE, 6861 04:04:29,841 --> 04:04:30,775 MAYBE THIS IS A CYNICAL VIEW, 6862 04:04:30,775 --> 04:04:32,877 THEY WANT TO STRENGTHEN THEIR 6863 04:04:32,877 --> 04:04:34,345 APPLICATION SO THEY CAN BE 6864 04:04:34,345 --> 04:04:35,713 COMPETITIVE TO MATCH INTO A GOOD 6865 04:04:35,713 --> 04:04:38,082 PROGRAM, YOU KNOW, REGARDLESS OF 6866 04:04:38,082 --> 04:04:42,387 WHAT YEAR THEY COME IN AND DO 6867 04:04:42,387 --> 04:04:46,591 IT. 6868 04:04:46,591 --> 04:04:47,191 THAT'S ONE COMMON SCENARIO I 6869 04:04:47,191 --> 04:04:47,692 SEE. 6870 04:04:47,692 --> 04:04:50,094 ANOTHER COMMON SCENARIO THAT WE 6871 04:04:50,094 --> 04:04:52,597 SEE IS THAT WE WANT TO GET 6872 04:04:52,597 --> 04:04:54,198 PEOPLE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD 6873 04:04:54,198 --> 04:04:55,500 AND PASSIONATE ABOUT WANTING TO 6874 04:04:55,500 --> 04:04:58,369 DO THIS FOR THEIR CAREER AS 6875 04:04:58,369 --> 04:04:58,836 CLINICIAN-SCIENTISTS. 6876 04:04:58,836 --> 04:05:00,338 ONE QUESTION THAT I'VE BEEN 6877 04:05:00,338 --> 04:05:01,306 WONDERING, AND I'D LOVE YOUR 6878 04:05:01,306 --> 04:05:02,440 THOUGHTS ABOUT MARIA'S QUESTION 6879 04:05:02,440 --> 04:05:05,076 AND ALSO WHAT I'M GOING TO SAY 6880 04:05:05,076 --> 04:05:09,347 IS, WE ALL SEE A LOT OF 6881 04:05:09,347 --> 04:05:12,250 SUPERSTARS WHO HAVE CVs 12 6882 04:05:12,250 --> 04:05:15,019 PAGES LONG AS THIRD-YEAR MEDICAL 6883 04:05:15,019 --> 04:05:16,754 STUDENTS, AND THEN WE SEE PEOPLE 6884 04:05:16,754 --> 04:05:18,489 LIKE ALL OF YOU ON THE COUNCIL 6885 04:05:18,489 --> 04:05:22,060 WHO ARE SUPERSTARS IN THEIR 6886 04:05:22,060 --> 04:05:28,032 FIELD, AND WHAT IS THE PERSON -- 6887 04:05:28,032 --> 04:05:29,967 WHO DO WE NEED TO REACH TO TRAIN 6888 04:05:29,967 --> 04:05:31,135 TO BECOME A SUPERSTAR? 6889 04:05:31,135 --> 04:05:33,237 IS IT THAT ONE WHO WAS GROOMED 6890 04:05:33,237 --> 04:05:34,672 SINCE THEY WERE 18 YEARS OLD OR 6891 04:05:34,672 --> 04:05:36,441 IS IT SOMEBODY WHO GETS INSPIRED 6892 04:05:36,441 --> 04:05:37,975 BY SOMETHING AND WHAT CAN WE BE 6893 04:05:37,975 --> 04:05:39,610 DOING BETTER TO INSPIRE PEOPLE 6894 04:05:39,610 --> 04:05:41,112 TO REALLY DO -- SO THOSE ARE 6895 04:05:41,112 --> 04:05:43,414 SOME OF -- MARIA, I THINK YOU 6896 04:05:43,414 --> 04:05:44,749 ASKED AN IMPORTANT QUESTION. 6897 04:05:44,749 --> 04:05:46,517 THESE ARE SOME OF MY FOLLOW-UP 6898 04:05:46,517 --> 04:05:48,186 THOUGHTS. 6899 04:05:48,186 --> 04:05:48,786 REZA. 6900 04:05:48,786 --> 04:05:53,157 >> I'VE TRAINED MANY OF THESE 6901 04:05:53,157 --> 04:05:54,826 CANDIDATES OVER THE YEARS, MANY, 6902 04:05:54,826 --> 04:05:56,227 AND HAVE MANY PEOPLE IN MY 6903 04:05:56,227 --> 04:05:57,862 LABORATORY APPLY FOR 6904 04:05:57,862 --> 04:05:59,497 OPHTHALMOLOGY RESIDENCY. 6905 04:05:59,497 --> 04:06:02,100 I DON'T THINK IT'S A CYNICAL 6906 04:06:02,100 --> 04:06:04,669 INTERPRETATION, MIKE, IT PART OF 6907 04:06:04,669 --> 04:06:05,203 REALITY. 6908 04:06:05,203 --> 04:06:09,774 TODAY, TO GO TO MEDICAL SCHOOL 6909 04:06:09,774 --> 04:06:10,441 OR LAW SCHOOL OR ANY 6910 04:06:10,441 --> 04:06:11,542 PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL, YOU HAVE TO 6911 04:06:11,542 --> 04:06:12,343 DO SOMETHING. 6912 04:06:12,343 --> 04:06:13,978 IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO GO 6913 04:06:13,978 --> 04:06:15,713 STRAIGHT OUT OF COLLEGE AND GO 6914 04:06:15,713 --> 04:06:17,815 TO GRADUATE SCHOOL. 6915 04:06:17,815 --> 04:06:19,617 AT LEAST TO A PROFESSIONAL 6916 04:06:19,617 --> 04:06:19,851 SCHOOL. 6917 04:06:19,851 --> 04:06:21,552 SO YOU KNOW, IS THAT CYNICAL? 6918 04:06:21,552 --> 04:06:23,354 NO, THAT'S JUST HOW THE SYSTEM 6919 04:06:23,354 --> 04:06:23,821 WORKS. 6920 04:06:23,821 --> 04:06:24,956 IT'S MORE COMPETITIVE AND THAT'S 6921 04:06:24,956 --> 04:06:28,459 HOW THEY WANT TO DIFFERENTIATE 6922 04:06:28,459 --> 04:06:28,760 THEMSELVES. 6923 04:06:28,760 --> 04:06:29,394 DURING MEDICAL SCHOOL, THEY DO 6924 04:06:29,394 --> 04:06:30,895 RESEARCH TO GET INTO GOOD 6925 04:06:30,895 --> 04:06:31,763 RESIDENCIES. 6926 04:06:31,763 --> 04:06:34,565 THEN IF THEY'RE ON INTERNATIONAL 6927 04:06:34,565 --> 04:06:35,466 MEDICAL GRANT, THEY WANT TO DO 6928 04:06:35,466 --> 04:06:37,435 RESEARCH TO ALSO SPRUCE UP THEIR 6929 04:06:37,435 --> 04:06:39,237 CV TO BE ABLE TO GET INTO 6930 04:06:39,237 --> 04:06:42,206 RESIDENCY, SAME PHENOMENON. 6931 04:06:42,206 --> 04:06:44,075 IT'S EVEN MORE COMPETITIVE FOR 6932 04:06:44,075 --> 04:06:44,275 THEM. 6933 04:06:44,275 --> 04:06:45,943 BUT I THINK THAT'S IMPORTANT 6934 04:06:45,943 --> 04:06:48,413 BECAUSE IN THAT CASE, YES, 6935 04:06:48,413 --> 04:06:49,080 THEY'RE INTERESTED IN RESEARCH, 6936 04:06:49,080 --> 04:06:50,748 BUT THE MAJORITY OF THEM ARE NOT 6937 04:06:50,748 --> 04:06:52,417 REALLY THAT INTERESTED IN 6938 04:06:52,417 --> 04:06:52,683 RESEARCH. 6939 04:06:52,683 --> 04:06:54,152 THEY WANT TO GET INTO A GOOD 6940 04:06:54,152 --> 04:06:56,954 CLINICAL SPOT FOR THEIR TRAIN 6941 04:06:56,954 --> 04:06:57,922 TRAINING. 6942 04:06:57,922 --> 04:07:03,094 HOWEVER, I CAN TELL YOU THAT FOR 6943 04:07:03,094 --> 04:07:05,129 SURE, 90, 95% OF THE INCOMING 6944 04:07:05,129 --> 04:07:07,098 RESIDENTS WHO COME TO OUR 6945 04:07:07,098 --> 04:07:10,001 PROGRAM ALL CLAIM THAT THEY ARE 6946 04:07:10,001 --> 04:07:13,070 COMMITTED FOR LIFELONG SERIOUS 6947 04:07:13,070 --> 04:07:14,472 COMMITMENTS FOR RESEARCH AND 6948 04:07:14,472 --> 04:07:16,140 SCHOLARSHIP AND, IN FACT, WHEN 6949 04:07:16,140 --> 04:07:17,408 YOU LOOK AT WHAT THEY END UP 6950 04:07:17,408 --> 04:07:21,913 DOING REALLY CRITICALLY, MAYBE, 6951 04:07:21,913 --> 04:07:24,115 MAYBE 30, 40% END UP GOING TO 6952 04:07:24,115 --> 04:07:25,616 TRULY ACADEMIC POSITIONS, THE 6953 04:07:25,616 --> 04:07:28,186 REST GET A JOB, IT COULD BE AN 6954 04:07:28,186 --> 04:07:33,791 ACADEMIC, QUOTE-UNQUOTE, -- 6955 04:07:33,791 --> 04:07:34,926 THEY'RE NOT REALLY DOING 6956 04:07:34,926 --> 04:07:36,360 RESEARCH, SOME EVEN GO KNEE 6957 04:07:36,360 --> 04:07:37,161 PRIVATE PRACTICE. 6958 04:07:37,161 --> 04:07:39,964 NOTHING WRONG WITH THAT BUT IT'S 6959 04:07:39,964 --> 04:07:40,832 NOT WHAT THEY CLAIMED THEY 6960 04:07:40,832 --> 04:07:41,566 WANTED TO DO. 6961 04:07:41,566 --> 04:07:43,201 SO I DON'T THINK THEY'RE BEING 6962 04:07:43,201 --> 04:07:44,335 MISLEADING OR TRICKING. 6963 04:07:44,335 --> 04:07:47,705 YO, YOUKNOW, THE PANELS. 6964 04:07:47,705 --> 04:07:49,707 I JUST THINK IT'S LIFE WHERE WE 6965 04:07:49,707 --> 04:07:50,775 ALL HAVE PLANS AND SOMETIMES IT 6966 04:07:50,775 --> 04:07:53,878 PANS OUT, SOMETIMES IT DOESN'T. 6967 04:07:53,878 --> 04:07:55,446 IT'S A COMPLEX WORLD, THERE ARE 6968 04:07:55,446 --> 04:07:56,814 MANY REASONS DURING RESIDENCY, 6969 04:07:56,814 --> 04:07:58,049 UNDER ECONOMIC, PERSONAL REASONS 6970 04:07:58,049 --> 04:08:00,818 AND OTHER REASONS WHY PEOPLE 6971 04:08:00,818 --> 04:08:04,121 DON'T END UP DOING WHAT THEY 6972 04:08:04,121 --> 04:08:05,122 CLAIM THEY WANT TO DO IN THE 6973 04:08:05,122 --> 04:08:06,390 FUTURE. 6974 04:08:06,390 --> 04:08:07,425 THEREFORE, HAVING SEEN ALL THAT, 6975 04:08:07,425 --> 04:08:08,459 MY RECOMMENDATION TODAY IS THAT 6976 04:08:08,459 --> 04:08:10,094 OUR JOB IS TO CREATE 6977 04:08:10,094 --> 04:08:12,597 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE. 6978 04:08:12,597 --> 04:08:13,998 WE CREATE OPPORTUNITIES, WE 6979 04:08:13,998 --> 04:08:17,368 TRAIN THEM, AND THEN THEY WILL 6980 04:08:17,368 --> 04:08:20,838 ESSENTIALLY EXPRESS WHAT THEY 6981 04:08:20,838 --> 04:08:23,641 WANT TO DO BY THEIR ACTIONS AND 6982 04:08:23,641 --> 04:08:27,111 BY THEIR FEET. 6983 04:08:27,111 --> 04:08:28,980 WE CAN'T IDENTIFY IN ADVANCE, 6984 04:08:28,980 --> 04:08:30,615 I'VE BEEN BURNED HAVING TRIED 6985 04:08:30,615 --> 04:08:31,015 THAT. 6986 04:08:31,015 --> 04:08:33,384 I'VE HAD AMAZING POSTDOCS, 6987 04:08:33,384 --> 04:08:35,086 AMAZING, AMAZING, AND THEY GO TO 6988 04:08:35,086 --> 04:08:35,953 SOMETHING TOTALLY DIFFERENT AND 6989 04:08:35,953 --> 04:08:37,588 THEY'RE NOT INTERESTED IN 6990 04:08:37,588 --> 04:08:39,490 ACADEMICS, AND VICE VERSA. 6991 04:08:39,490 --> 04:08:46,397 I'VE HAD PEOPLE WHO ARE AT BIG 6992 04:08:46,397 --> 04:08:47,732 RISK, I TAING THEM ON AND THEY 6993 04:08:47,732 --> 04:08:49,567 TURN INTO AMAZING SCHOLARS AND 6994 04:08:49,567 --> 04:08:50,902 THEY TAKE GREAT ACADEMIC 6995 04:08:50,902 --> 04:08:52,503 POSITIONS AND THEY REALLY PUSH 6996 04:08:52,503 --> 04:08:52,904 SCIENCE FORWARD. 6997 04:08:52,904 --> 04:08:54,305 SO I'VE SEEN BOTH SIDES, AND I 6998 04:08:54,305 --> 04:08:56,974 DON'T THINK THERE'S A PARTICULAR 6999 04:08:56,974 --> 04:08:59,143 FORMULA. 7000 04:08:59,143 --> 04:09:00,645 THAT'S MY OPINION. 7001 04:09:00,645 --> 04:09:01,112 THANK YOU. 7002 04:09:01,112 --> 04:09:10,288 >> VICTOR PEREZ. 7003 04:09:10,288 --> 04:09:11,589 I THINK THAT STUDENT THAT CANNOT 7004 04:09:11,589 --> 04:09:15,192 GET INTO RESIDENCY, I MEAN 7005 04:09:15,192 --> 04:09:16,561 THAT'S A NORMAL PATH, AND I 7006 04:09:16,561 --> 04:09:17,695 THINK IT'S GOING TO BE UP TO THE 7007 04:09:17,695 --> 04:09:18,529 INDIVIDUAL TO MAKE TO THAT 7008 04:09:18,529 --> 04:09:18,796 LEVEL. 7009 04:09:18,796 --> 04:09:20,331 SO I THINK THIS MECHANISM OF 7010 04:09:20,331 --> 04:09:23,501 FUNDING THE R38 IS PERFECT. 7011 04:09:23,501 --> 04:09:24,569 BECAUSE BASICALLY WHAT YOU'RE 7012 04:09:24,569 --> 04:09:26,170 DOING IS YOU'RE GIVING THE 7013 04:09:26,170 --> 04:09:29,774 OPPORTUNITY FOR THESE THAT 7014 04:09:29,774 --> 04:09:30,541 INDIVIDUALS THAT REALLY WANT TO 7015 04:09:30,541 --> 04:09:32,543 DO IT AND CAN YOU IDENTIFY 7016 04:09:32,543 --> 04:09:34,345 THROUGH YOUR COMMITTEE, THIS IS 7017 04:09:34,345 --> 04:09:35,913 NOT A POSITION TO GET A STUDENT 7018 04:09:35,913 --> 04:09:37,014 OF OPHTHALMOLOGY. 7019 04:09:37,014 --> 04:09:38,649 THIS IS A POSITION THAT WILL 7020 04:09:38,649 --> 04:09:45,189 IDENTIFY THAT POTENTIAL 7021 04:09:45,189 --> 04:09:47,325 PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST TO GIVE THE 7022 04:09:47,325 --> 04:09:48,459 OPPORTUNITY, TRAIN THEM, GIVE 7023 04:09:48,459 --> 04:09:50,027 THEM SUPPORT, AND IT WILL EVOLVE 7024 04:09:50,027 --> 04:09:51,729 INTO THAT POTENTIAL PERSON TO 7025 04:09:51,729 --> 04:09:54,365 BECOME A CLINICIAN-SCIENTIST. 7026 04:09:54,365 --> 04:09:56,200 SO I THINK THIS MECHANISM IS 7027 04:09:56,200 --> 04:09:59,036 PERFECT FOR THAT, AND CLEARLY, 7028 04:09:59,036 --> 04:10:01,939 NEEDS TO STICK TO THE RULES AND 7029 04:10:01,939 --> 04:10:05,943 NOT BE ABUSED. 7030 04:10:05,943 --> 04:10:06,811 >> ARE SO SOME OF US AT THIS 7031 04:10:06,811 --> 04:10:10,214 TABLE HAVE PUT IN FOR THIS GRANT 7032 04:10:10,214 --> 04:10:12,483 AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT'S 7033 04:10:12,483 --> 04:10:13,551 HAPPENED YET, BUT WHEN WE WERE 7034 04:10:13,551 --> 04:10:14,418 DEBATING WHETHER WE SHOULD PUT 7035 04:10:14,418 --> 04:10:16,120 IN OR NOT, YOU KNOW, ONE THING 7036 04:10:16,120 --> 04:10:18,522 THAT CAME UP WAS THAT A LOT OF 7037 04:10:18,522 --> 04:10:20,224 THE PEOPLE THAT WE WERE 7038 04:10:20,224 --> 04:10:21,859 RECRUITING TO OUR FACULTY WERE 7039 04:10:21,859 --> 04:10:24,161 PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN THROUGH THIS 7040 04:10:24,161 --> 04:10:26,697 TYPE OF PROGRAM SOMEWHERE ELSE. 7041 04:10:26,697 --> 04:10:30,334 AND WE SAID, OH, WELL, NOT THAT 7042 04:10:30,334 --> 04:10:33,938 WE NECESSARILY WANT TO -- IT'S 7043 04:10:33,938 --> 04:10:35,940 LIKE MAYBE WE SHOULD BE 7044 04:10:35,940 --> 04:10:37,375 PRODUCING SOME OF THESE TWO, 7045 04:10:37,375 --> 04:10:39,243 BECAUSE IF WE REALLY WANT TO 7046 04:10:39,243 --> 04:10:40,444 RECRUIT THOSE PEOPLE, THERE 7047 04:10:40,444 --> 04:10:42,913 EITHER NEEDS TO BE MORE OF THOSE 7048 04:10:42,913 --> 04:10:44,448 PEOPLE ALL TOGETHER, SO ACTUALLY 7049 04:10:44,448 --> 04:10:47,385 THAT IS WHAT CHANGED MY THINKING 7050 04:10:47,385 --> 04:10:48,953 OR CONVINCED ME THAT IT WAS A 7051 04:10:48,953 --> 04:10:51,422 GOOD PROGRAM WHEN KIND OF OUR 7052 04:10:51,422 --> 04:10:52,723 HEAD OF OUR RETINA DEPARTMENT 7053 04:10:52,723 --> 04:10:57,428 SAID THAT. 7054 04:10:57,428 --> 04:10:58,195 >> THANK YOU TO ALL OF YOU. 7055 04:10:58,195 --> 04:11:01,399 ANY OTHER COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS 7056 04:11:01,399 --> 04:11:03,768 YOU FEEL WE CAN DISCUSS IN AN 7057 04:11:03,768 --> 04:11:14,045 OPEN FORUM HERE? 7058 04:11:17,848 --> 04:11:20,084 >> MAUREEN? 7059 04:11:20,084 --> 04:11:23,220 >> I HAVE A QUESTION WHICH MAY 7060 04:11:23,220 --> 04:11:23,688 SEEM SMALL WHILE WE'RE 7061 04:11:23,688 --> 04:11:27,091 RECONSIDERING HOW TO DELIVER EYE 7062 04:11:27,091 --> 04:11:29,427 CARE TO MANY UNDERSERVED 7063 04:11:29,427 --> 04:11:30,995 POPULATIONS AND HOW WE CREATE 7064 04:11:30,995 --> 04:11:33,397 THE BEST MANPOWER, BUT ONE OF 7065 04:11:33,397 --> 04:11:35,132 THE THINGS THAT CAME UP THIS 7066 04:11:35,132 --> 04:11:38,569 MORNING DURING MICHAEL'S REPORT 7067 04:11:38,569 --> 04:11:44,542 WAS THE TRAINING PROGRAM BEING 7068 04:11:44,542 --> 04:11:47,278 SPONSORED BY THE JOURNALS IN 7069 04:11:47,278 --> 04:11:51,015 OPHTHALMOLOGY FOR THE K AWARDEES 7070 04:11:51,015 --> 04:11:55,519 OR SELECTION OF THE K AWARDEES 7071 04:11:55,519 --> 04:11:57,922 TO HELP THEM BE GOOD REVIEWERS 7072 04:11:57,922 --> 04:11:59,857 AND GET INVOLVED IN THE 7073 04:11:59,857 --> 04:12:03,661 EDITORIAL PROCESS, AND I THINK 7074 04:12:03,661 --> 04:12:06,764 IT MIGHT BE A VERY GOOD IDEA TO 7075 04:12:06,764 --> 04:12:12,703 EXTEND THAT TO BIOSTATISTICIANS, 7076 04:12:12,703 --> 04:12:14,305 PERHAPS THOSE THAT ARE RECEIVING 7077 04:12:14,305 --> 04:12:18,576 FUNDING THROUGH THE CORE GRANTS. 7078 04:12:18,576 --> 04:12:22,580 THERE'S A SEVERE SHORTAGE OF 7079 04:12:22,580 --> 04:12:23,748 BIOSTATISTICIANS WHO REVIEW FOR 7080 04:12:23,748 --> 04:12:26,317 THE JOURNALS. 7081 04:12:26,317 --> 04:12:28,719 I PROBABLY GET TWO OR THREE 7082 04:12:28,719 --> 04:12:29,987 INVITATIONS A DAY, NOT BECAUSE 7083 04:12:29,987 --> 04:12:31,655 I'M ALL THAT POPULAR, BUT I 7084 04:12:31,655 --> 04:12:35,326 THINK THE POOL IS SO SMALL. 7085 04:12:35,326 --> 04:12:39,764 SO THIS MIGHT BE AN IDEA OF THE 7086 04:12:39,764 --> 04:12:42,767 K AWARD IDEA TRANSFERRED OVER 7087 04:12:42,767 --> 04:12:45,936 TO, PERHAPS, BIOSTATISTICIANS IN 7088 04:12:45,936 --> 04:12:50,674 THE CORE GRANTS. 7089 04:12:50,674 --> 04:12:52,042 >> MAUREEN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 7090 04:12:52,042 --> 04:12:55,146 YOU KNOW, AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, 7091 04:12:55,146 --> 04:12:56,447 THIS IS SOMEWHAT OF AN 7092 04:12:56,447 --> 04:12:57,548 EXPERIMENT, YOU KNOW, THAT WE'RE 7093 04:12:57,548 --> 04:13:00,050 DOING, AND THE QUESTION IS, IT'S 7094 04:13:00,050 --> 04:13:00,484 BASICALLY A PILOT. 7095 04:13:00,484 --> 04:13:02,119 A CERTAIN NUMBER OF JOURNALS 7096 04:13:02,119 --> 04:13:03,420 AROUND THE TABLE, A CERTAIN 7097 04:13:03,420 --> 04:13:05,189 SELECT POOL RIGHT NOW WHICH IS 7098 04:13:05,189 --> 04:13:06,056 CURRENTLY THE K POOL AND ONE OF 7099 04:13:06,056 --> 04:13:12,463 OUR QUESTIONS IS, WHAT COU 7100 04:13:12,463 --> 04:13:13,998 COULD/SHOULD WE BE DOING TO 7101 04:13:13,998 --> 04:13:15,299 EXPAND AND HOW? 7102 04:13:15,299 --> 04:13:15,766 SO THANK YOU FOR THAT 7103 04:13:15,766 --> 04:13:18,269 SUGGESTION. 7104 04:13:18,269 --> 04:13:20,237 OTHER COMMENTS, QUESTIONS? 7105 04:13:20,237 --> 04:13:23,908 DON -- I SEE DON, THEN PARDEEP. 7106 04:13:23,908 --> 04:13:25,342 >> DON MUTTI. 7107 04:13:25,342 --> 04:13:28,546 I WAS WONDERING IF I COULD GET A 7108 04:13:28,546 --> 04:13:29,446 CLARIFICATION ON THE -- WE'RE 7109 04:13:29,446 --> 04:13:31,715 GOING TO CALL IT THE EARLY STAGE 7110 04:13:31,715 --> 04:13:40,624 INNOVATOR AWARD, I AS THIS WILL 7111 04:13:40,624 --> 04:13:41,926 COME OUT, PEOPLE WILL WANT TO 7112 04:13:41,926 --> 04:13:43,327 KNOW ABOUT ITS IMPLEMENTATION. 7113 04:13:43,327 --> 04:13:47,765 CAN YOU HELP ME UNDERSTAND THE 7114 04:13:47,765 --> 04:13:49,500 THINKING OF AN APPLICANT, HOW 7115 04:13:49,500 --> 04:13:53,704 THEY WOULD DECIDE AM I GOING FOR 7116 04:13:53,704 --> 04:13:55,105 THIS BECAUSE I SHOULD VIEW IT AS 7117 04:13:55,105 --> 04:13:59,577 SORT OF A PRER01 VERSUS SHOULD I 7118 04:13:59,577 --> 04:14:01,145 CAST MY LOT AS A NEW 7119 04:14:01,145 --> 04:14:03,080 INVESTIGATOR AS AN R01, I MEAN, 7120 04:14:03,080 --> 04:14:04,548 AM I PUTTING MYSELF IN A 7121 04:14:04,548 --> 04:14:06,784 POSITION OF AN EITHER/OR, AM I 7122 04:14:06,784 --> 04:14:08,319 LOCKING MYSELF OUT OF ONE FOR A 7123 04:14:08,319 --> 04:14:11,121 PERIOD OF TIME WHILE IT'S 7124 04:14:11,121 --> 04:14:14,758 REVIEWED? 7125 04:14:14,758 --> 04:14:15,659 HELP ME NAVIGATE, WHAT IS THE 7126 04:14:15,659 --> 04:14:16,493 APPLICANT THOUGHT PROCESS GOING 7127 04:14:16,493 --> 04:14:17,695 TO BE AS THEY TRY TO FIGURE OUT 7128 04:14:17,695 --> 04:14:20,130 WHAT SHOULD I APPLY FOR? 7129 04:14:20,130 --> 04:14:22,199 >> OKAY. 7130 04:14:22,199 --> 04:14:27,104 SO IF IT IS NOT A LOT OF DATA, 7131 04:14:27,104 --> 04:14:28,973 THEN I THINK IT WILL BE THIS 7132 04:14:28,973 --> 04:14:30,608 ROUTE TO GO FOR -- IT'S A NEW 7133 04:14:30,608 --> 04:14:33,277 CONCEPT, NEW NOVELTY, GO WITH 7134 04:14:33,277 --> 04:14:34,979 THIS ROUTE. 7135 04:14:34,979 --> 04:14:37,147 IF THERE ARE TWO IDEAS THE 7136 04:14:37,147 --> 04:14:39,383 PERSON HAS, TWO DIFFERENT IDEAS, 7137 04:14:39,383 --> 04:14:41,352 ONE WITH A LOT OF DATA AND ONE 7138 04:14:41,352 --> 04:14:44,955 WITH NOT SO MUCH DATA BUT A 7139 04:14:44,955 --> 04:14:46,590 REALLY CLEVER PARADIGM SHIFTING, 7140 04:14:46,590 --> 04:14:48,692 YOU COULD GO FOR BOTH. 7141 04:14:48,692 --> 04:14:51,595 BECAUSE THE NIH DOES PERMIT YOU 7142 04:14:51,595 --> 04:14:55,399 TO HAVE TWO APPLICATIONS OF 7143 04:14:55,399 --> 04:14:57,001 DIFFERENT SCIENCE, NOT THE SAME 7144 04:14:57,001 --> 04:14:58,469 SCIENCE BEING PUT IN AT THE SAME 7145 04:14:58,469 --> 04:14:59,703 TIME. 7146 04:14:59,703 --> 04:15:02,606 SO IT REALLY BOILS DOWN TO WHAT 7147 04:15:02,606 --> 04:15:04,575 THE APPLICANT QUESTION IS AT 7148 04:15:04,575 --> 04:15:08,746 THAT TIME, WHAT AMOUNT OF DATA 7149 04:15:08,746 --> 04:15:11,448 THEY HAVE, WHAT THE NOVELTY IS 7150 04:15:11,448 --> 04:15:15,920 TO GO EITHER FOR AN R01, R21, 7151 04:15:15,920 --> 04:15:19,757 YOU KNOW, THIS NEW DP2 1 THAT WE 7152 04:15:19,757 --> 04:15:20,557 ARE THINKING OF, OR ANYTHING 7153 04:15:20,557 --> 04:15:23,027 ELSE. 7154 04:15:23,027 --> 04:15:25,229 >> SO IT'S SORT OF AN 7155 04:15:25,229 --> 04:15:27,698 APPLICATION BASED ON ME AND MY 7156 04:15:27,698 --> 04:15:31,101 IDEA VERSUS MATERIALS THAT ANY 7157 04:15:31,101 --> 04:15:32,736 OTHER APPLICANT MIGHT THINK IS 7158 04:15:32,736 --> 04:15:39,476 ADEQUATE FOR A A TRADITIONAL 7159 04:15:39,476 --> 04:15:39,843 R01 APPLICATION? 7160 04:15:39,843 --> 04:15:40,110 >> YEAH. 7161 04:15:40,110 --> 04:15:43,280 >> I WAS WONDERING IF MAYBE YOU 7162 04:15:43,280 --> 04:15:46,650 HAD SOME -- OBVIOUSLY ENCOURAGE 7163 04:15:46,650 --> 04:15:48,752 EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS IS THE 7164 04:15:48,752 --> 04:15:49,920 GOAL. 7165 04:15:49,920 --> 04:15:51,021 ABOUT BANG FOR THE BUCK FROM 7166 04:15:51,021 --> 04:15:56,694 THIS SORT OF PROGRAM VERSUS OUR 7167 04:15:56,694 --> 04:15:57,962 EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS 7168 04:15:57,962 --> 04:15:59,596 GETTING A FAIR SHAKE DURING 7169 04:15:59,596 --> 04:16:02,066 GRANT REVIEWS GIVEN THAT YOU 7170 04:16:02,066 --> 04:16:06,003 DON'T HAVE THE REPUTATION OF A 7171 04:16:06,003 --> 04:16:08,305 SENIOR PERSON, YOU MAY NOT HAVE 7172 04:16:08,305 --> 04:16:09,840 AS MUCH PRELIMINARY DATA AS 7173 04:16:09,840 --> 04:16:10,708 ANOTHER APPLICATION, AND YES, 7174 04:16:10,708 --> 04:16:12,876 YOU KNOW, EVERYBODY ON THE 7175 04:16:12,876 --> 04:16:16,280 REVIEW PANEL CAN SEE THAT, BUT 7176 04:16:16,280 --> 04:16:19,984 ARE THEY REALLY GETTING A FAIR 7177 04:16:19,984 --> 04:16:20,751 SHAKE? 7178 04:16:20,751 --> 04:16:24,154 ARE THEY GETTING SORT OF THE 7179 04:16:24,154 --> 04:16:26,056 CONSIDERATION THAT EARLY STAGE 7180 04:16:26,056 --> 04:16:27,858 INVESTIGATORS MAYBE SHOULD GET? 7181 04:16:27,858 --> 04:16:32,129 >> I'M GOING TO LET BRIAN TALK. 7182 04:16:32,129 --> 04:16:32,763 HE'S MUCH BETTER IN TALKING 7183 04:16:32,763 --> 04:16:33,998 ABOUT THIS PART. 7184 04:16:33,998 --> 04:16:35,099 GO AHEAD, BRIAN. 7185 04:16:35,099 --> 04:16:36,433 >> THANKS. 7186 04:16:36,433 --> 04:16:38,369 DON'T BUILD ME UP TOO MUCH. 7187 04:16:38,369 --> 04:16:38,936 THANKS. 7188 04:16:38,936 --> 04:16:41,705 SO I'M BRIAN HOESCHEL, CHIEF OF 7189 04:16:41,705 --> 04:16:44,375 THE REVIEW BRANCH AT NEI. 7190 04:16:44,375 --> 04:16:47,478 WE DON'T REVIEW R01s BUT PAUL 7191 04:16:47,478 --> 04:16:50,514 THE THOSE REVIEWED AT CSR AND 7192 04:16:50,514 --> 04:16:52,983 THE EARLY APPLICATION ARE 7193 04:16:52,983 --> 04:16:54,685 CLUSTERED TOGETHER SO A POSITIVE 7194 04:16:54,685 --> 04:16:58,188 REVIEW, WE'RE DOING ALL THE ESI 7195 04:16:58,188 --> 04:17:00,991 APPLICATIONS, EVERYONE GETS KIND 7196 04:17:00,991 --> 04:17:06,196 OF FREE AM KATEED, GIVING SOME 7197 04:17:06,196 --> 04:17:07,364 LEEWAY FOR PRELIMINARY DATA PUBL 7198 04:17:07,364 --> 04:17:08,966 KAI REVIEWING THEM IN THE 7199 04:17:08,966 --> 04:17:11,502 CONTEXT OF WHERE THEY ARE. 7200 04:17:11,502 --> 04:17:15,439 SO THAT WOULD BE FOR THE R01 ESI 7201 04:17:15,439 --> 04:17:15,773 APPLICATIONS. 7202 04:17:15,773 --> 04:17:17,307 >> ARE THEY THEN SCORED TOGETHER 7203 04:17:17,307 --> 04:17:19,309 LIKE ON THEIR OWN PERCENTILES OR 7204 04:17:19,309 --> 04:17:22,379 ARE THEY -- IS CONSIDERATION 7205 04:17:22,379 --> 04:17:25,049 GIVEN TO A DIFFERENT PERCENTILE 7206 04:17:25,049 --> 04:17:27,985 OF, SAY, SCALING COMPARED TO THE 7207 04:17:27,985 --> 04:17:29,119 BULK OF THE REST OF THE 7208 04:17:29,119 --> 04:17:29,553 APPLICATIONS? 7209 04:17:29,553 --> 04:17:32,389 >> SO THE PERCENTILE FOAS FOR 7210 04:17:32,389 --> 04:17:35,459 THE STUDY SECTION, SO IN THAT 7211 04:17:35,459 --> 04:17:39,163 SENSE, THEY ARE ON THE SAME 7212 04:17:39,163 --> 04:17:40,964 PERCENTILE BASIS AS THAT STUDY 7213 04:17:40,964 --> 04:17:41,832 SECTION BUT IN THE SECOND LEVEL 7214 04:17:41,832 --> 04:17:42,666 REVIEW WHEN THE FUNDING 7215 04:17:42,666 --> 04:17:44,001 DECISIONS ARE MADE, THAT IS 7216 04:17:44,001 --> 04:17:47,604 TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT, CORRECT ME 7217 04:17:47,604 --> 04:17:48,806 IF I'M WRONG, BUT THE EARLY 7218 04:17:48,806 --> 04:17:49,706 STAGE INVESTIGATOR APPLICATIONS 7219 04:17:49,706 --> 04:17:51,141 ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN 7220 04:17:51,141 --> 04:17:54,645 THOSE DECISIONS ARE MADE. 7221 04:17:54,645 --> 04:17:59,983 >> YEAH, THIS IS ACTUALLY IN OUR 7222 04:17:59,983 --> 04:18:02,853 FUNDING POLICY BUT -- HAVE BEEN 7223 04:18:02,853 --> 04:18:04,221 ENCOURAGED TO PRIORITIZE EARLY 7224 04:18:04,221 --> 04:18:05,622 STAGE INVESTIGATORS, SO THAT CAN 7225 04:18:05,622 --> 04:18:07,791 COME IN THE FORM OF D YOU KNOW, 7226 04:18:07,791 --> 04:18:14,865 THEY GET A 5 PERCENTILE BUMP AND 7227 04:18:14,865 --> 04:18:15,966 DIFFERENT INSTITUTES DO IT A 7228 04:18:15,966 --> 04:18:17,468 DIFFERENT WAYS BUT THAT IS 7229 04:18:17,468 --> 04:18:21,205 SOMETHING WE PAY A LOT OF 7230 04:18:21,205 --> 04:18:22,639 ATTENTION TO WHEN WE'RE 7231 04:18:22,639 --> 04:18:27,277 PRIORITIZING UP ANY DECISIONS. 7232 04:18:27,277 --> 04:18:32,249 >> SO I THINK AS ILL STATED BY Y 7233 04:18:32,249 --> 04:18:34,585 ALL THESE PROPOSALS COMING OUT, 7234 04:18:34,585 --> 04:18:35,752 THE SCIENCE THAT'S BEING DONE AT 7235 04:18:35,752 --> 04:18:36,787 THE NEI IS CHANGING. 7236 04:18:36,787 --> 04:18:39,590 SO IT'S NOT WHAT MAY HAVE BEEN 7237 04:18:39,590 --> 04:18:42,993 DONE DEN 10 YEARS AGO OR MAYBE 7238 04:18:42,993 --> 04:18:43,927 EVEN FIVE YEARS AGO. 7239 04:18:43,927 --> 04:18:45,562 SO AS I SEE YOUNG INVESTIGATORS 7240 04:18:45,562 --> 04:18:47,698 PUTTING IN APPLICATIONS ON 7241 04:18:47,698 --> 04:18:49,233 ARTIFICIAL INTEL JEBS OR ON BIG 7242 04:18:49,233 --> 04:18:53,570 DATA OR ON HEALTH INEQUITY, THEY 7243 04:18:53,570 --> 04:18:55,272 KEEP ON ASKING ME O WELL, WHERE 7244 04:18:55,272 --> 04:18:56,974 SHOULD I SUBMIT THIS? 7245 04:18:56,974 --> 04:18:58,976 THEY LOOK AT THE REVIEW SECTIONS 7246 04:18:58,976 --> 04:19:03,213 AND SEE PE1 AND PE2 AND THEY'RE 7247 04:19:03,213 --> 04:19:03,780 COMPLETELY INAPPROPRIATE FOR 7248 04:19:03,780 --> 04:19:03,981 THEM. 7249 04:19:03,981 --> 04:19:05,282 SO I DON'T KNOW WHAT GUIDANCE OR 7250 04:19:05,282 --> 04:19:07,217 HOW WE CAN MARKET TO PEOPLE 7251 04:19:07,217 --> 04:19:10,487 THAT, YOU KNOW -- AND I KNOW 7252 04:19:10,487 --> 04:19:12,256 THAT THE NIH DOES A VERY 7253 04:19:12,256 --> 04:19:14,525 THOROUGH JOB OF MAKING SURE THAT 7254 04:19:14,525 --> 04:19:16,126 THERE ARE REVIEWERS WHO HAVE 7255 04:19:16,126 --> 04:19:17,828 EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD WHO 7256 04:19:17,828 --> 04:19:19,129 REALLY KNOW WHAT THEY'RE DOING, 7257 04:19:19,129 --> 04:19:20,864 THEY MAKE SURE THAT IT'S GOING 7258 04:19:20,864 --> 04:19:21,765 TO REVIEW PROPERLY, BUT IT 7259 04:19:21,765 --> 04:19:24,535 DEFINITELY IS CREATING SOME 7260 04:19:24,535 --> 04:19:25,335 ANXIETY FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE 7261 04:19:25,335 --> 04:19:26,303 WORKING IN ALL THE AREAS THAT 7262 04:19:26,303 --> 04:19:27,404 YOU'RE KIND OF TALKING ABOUT, 7263 04:19:27,404 --> 04:19:29,540 SOME OF THEM MIGHT HAVE EVEN 7264 04:19:29,540 --> 04:19:32,042 MENTIONED, LIKE COMMUNITY HEALTH 7265 04:19:32,042 --> 04:19:33,143 SCREENING, EVALUATING, HOW DO 7266 04:19:33,143 --> 04:19:37,314 YOU USE PRIMARY CARE CLINICS FOR 7267 04:19:37,314 --> 04:19:38,515 EVALUATION OF THE EYE AND RELATE 7268 04:19:38,515 --> 04:19:39,383 THAT TO HEALTH OUTCOMES. 7269 04:19:39,383 --> 04:19:40,617 THIS IS NOT THE STUFF THAT WE 7270 04:19:40,617 --> 04:19:42,419 EVEN HAVE ANY -- THAT MOST 7271 04:19:42,419 --> 04:19:46,523 PEOPLE, EVENLY I HAVE NO IDEA 7272 04:19:46,523 --> 04:19:48,559 WHERE THIS STUFF GETS REVIEWED. 7273 04:19:48,559 --> 04:19:50,794 AND HOW DO WE MESSAGE THAT, OH, 7274 04:19:50,794 --> 04:19:53,330 NO, WE HAVE THE EXPERTISE AND 7275 04:19:53,330 --> 04:19:55,499 YOU'RE GOING TO GET A FAIR 7276 04:19:55,499 --> 04:19:55,732 REVIEW. 7277 04:19:55,732 --> 04:19:56,200 >> THESE ARE ALL GREAT 7278 04:19:56,200 --> 04:19:56,466 QUESTIONS. 7279 04:19:56,466 --> 04:19:57,434 I'M GOING TO START ON THIS, 7280 04:19:57,434 --> 04:19:58,669 BECAUSE I THINK YOUR QUESTION 7281 04:19:58,669 --> 04:20:02,673 TOUCHED ON A FUEL DIFFERENT 7282 04:20:02,673 --> 04:20:05,175 AREAS, AND I'M GOING TO TALK TO 7283 04:20:05,175 --> 04:20:06,376 SOME OF THEM AND I THINK I'LL 7284 04:20:06,376 --> 04:20:08,145 PASS TO KATHY TO TALK ABOUT SOME 7285 04:20:08,145 --> 04:20:11,982 OF THEM AS WELL, AND I CAN 7286 04:20:11,982 --> 04:20:13,383 ENVISION THIS AREA WHERE WE MAY 7287 04:20:13,383 --> 04:20:14,518 WANT TO INVOKE OTHER PEOPLE 7288 04:20:14,518 --> 04:20:15,819 LIKE, FOR EXAMPLE, BRIAN WHO 7289 04:20:15,819 --> 04:20:21,024 PROBABLY JUST SAT DOWN. 7290 04:20:21,024 --> 04:20:22,559 BUT ONE OF THE THINGS YOU 7291 04:20:22,559 --> 04:20:26,763 MENTIONED IS THAT NEI, I THINK 7292 04:20:26,763 --> 04:20:27,764 YOU SAID THE SCIENCE IS 7293 04:20:27,764 --> 04:20:32,603 CHANGING, AND I THINK THE WAY WE 7294 04:20:32,603 --> 04:20:34,104 DO SCIENCE NOW IS CHANGING 7295 04:20:34,104 --> 04:20:36,974 COMPARED TO THE IT WAS EVEN WHEN 7296 04:20:36,974 --> 04:20:39,710 ALL OF US IN THIS ROOM GREW UP 7297 04:20:39,710 --> 04:20:41,345 DOING SCIENCE, THE WORLD IS JUST 7298 04:20:41,345 --> 04:20:43,447 CHANGING AND THE FIELD IS 7299 04:20:43,447 --> 04:20:46,016 CHANGING. 7300 04:20:46,016 --> 04:20:50,387 AND I VIEW ONE OF OUR JOBS AS 7301 04:20:50,387 --> 04:20:51,989 NEI, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT 7302 04:20:51,989 --> 04:20:54,791 JOBS, IS WHAT CAN WE DO TO 7303 04:20:54,791 --> 04:20:55,892 STIMULATE THE SCIENCE THAT'S 7304 04:20:55,892 --> 04:20:57,327 BEST GOING TO POSITION US TO 7305 04:20:57,327 --> 04:21:00,964 ACHIEVE OUR MISSION MOVING 7306 04:21:00,964 --> 04:21:01,732 FORWARD. 7307 04:21:01,732 --> 04:21:03,066 AND SO, YOU KNOW, OF COURSE THAT 7308 04:21:03,066 --> 04:21:06,036 MEANS WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO 7309 04:21:06,036 --> 04:21:08,639 EVOLVE AS A FIELD, AS THE WORLD 7310 04:21:08,639 --> 04:21:10,707 EVOLVES, AND -- BUT THAT DOES 7311 04:21:10,707 --> 04:21:13,410 NOT MEAN THAT WE DO NOT CARE 7312 04:21:13,410 --> 04:21:16,847 ABOUT SCIENCE THAT WAS DONE WHEN 7313 04:21:16,847 --> 04:21:18,081 WE WERE ALL GROWING UP. 7314 04:21:18,081 --> 04:21:19,683 YOU CAN'T HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE 7315 04:21:19,683 --> 04:21:20,317 OTHER. 7316 04:21:20,317 --> 04:21:21,485 AND THESE ARE PROBABLY OBVIOUS 7317 04:21:21,485 --> 04:21:23,420 BUT I JUST WANT TO SAY THAT WILL 7318 04:21:23,420 --> 04:21:26,823 OUT LOUD. 7319 04:21:26,823 --> 04:21:28,225 AND I THINK WHAT IT MEANS IS 7320 04:21:28,225 --> 04:21:29,626 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO FIGURE 7321 04:21:29,626 --> 04:21:38,302 OUT HOW TO EVOLVE, AND ONE OF 7322 04:21:38,302 --> 04:21:39,803 THE -- THERE WERE A COUPLE 7323 04:21:39,803 --> 04:21:42,873 THINGS YOU TOUCHED ON AS FAR AS 7324 04:21:42,873 --> 04:21:46,443 GRANT REVIEW, AND ONE OF THEM IS 7325 04:21:46,443 --> 04:21:48,578 FINDING THE RIGHT REVIEWERS, YOU 7326 04:21:48,578 --> 04:21:52,482 KNOW, ONE OF THEM IS WHERE TO 7327 04:21:52,482 --> 04:21:54,484 SUBMIT, LIKE WHAT INSTITUTE TO 7328 04:21:54,484 --> 04:21:56,920 SUBMIT TO. 7329 04:21:56,920 --> 04:22:00,857 ANOTHER IS WHAT STUDY SECTION TO 7330 04:22:00,857 --> 04:22:03,960 TRY TO SUGGEST. 7331 04:22:03,960 --> 04:22:07,130 ANOTHER ONE IS DO THE STUDY 7332 04:22:07,130 --> 04:22:09,132 SECTIONS HAVE THE RIGHT 7333 04:22:09,132 --> 04:22:10,867 EXPERTISE NOW, AND NUMBER FOUR 7334 04:22:10,867 --> 04:22:14,871 THAT I HEARD IS WHERE -- HOW DO 7335 04:22:14,871 --> 04:22:16,573 WE FIND THE MOST APPROPRIATE 7336 04:22:16,573 --> 04:22:18,875 REVIEWERS IN A WORLD THAT'S 7337 04:22:18,875 --> 04:22:20,644 CHANGING RAPIDLY WHERE THERE MAY 7338 04:22:20,644 --> 04:22:23,914 NOT BE A TON OF PEOPLE WITH 7339 04:22:23,914 --> 04:22:25,248 EXPERTISE. 7340 04:22:25,248 --> 04:22:26,383 BUT KATHY, I KNOW YOU AND THE 7341 04:22:26,383 --> 04:22:27,184 CREW HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT THESE 7342 04:22:27,184 --> 04:22:28,852 MORE THAN I HAVE SO LET ME TURN 7343 04:22:28,852 --> 04:22:30,253 TO YOU TO ADDRESS SOME OF THESE 7344 04:22:30,253 --> 04:22:32,589 LATTER ISSUES WITH REVIEW. 7345 04:22:32,589 --> 04:22:34,091 >> I DON'T KNOW IF I THOUGHT 7346 04:22:34,091 --> 04:22:35,192 ABOUT THEM MORE. 7347 04:22:35,192 --> 04:22:36,493 I'LL ADDRESS A COUPLE OF ISSUES. 7348 04:22:36,493 --> 04:22:38,595 I CAN ALSO TURN IT BACK -- I CAN 7349 04:22:38,595 --> 04:22:39,963 PUT BRIAN BACK ON THE SPOT. 7350 04:22:39,963 --> 04:22:41,431 BUT I WANT TO CLARIFY A COUPLE 7351 04:22:41,431 --> 04:22:42,966 OF THINGS AND THESE ARE KIND OF 7352 04:22:42,966 --> 04:22:50,407 MORE MUNDANE, BUT IN TERMS OF 7353 04:22:50,407 --> 04:22:52,609 FOR NEI-ISSUED INITIATIVES, SO 7354 04:22:52,609 --> 04:22:54,611 ONES THAT HAVE COME THROUGH HERE 7355 04:22:54,611 --> 04:22:57,180 BEFORE, ONE YOU'LL HEAR ABOUT 7356 04:22:57,180 --> 04:22:58,148 THIS -- WELL, NOT THIS 7357 04:22:58,148 --> 04:23:00,283 AFTERNOON, BUT ANY APPLICATIONS 7358 04:23:00,283 --> 04:23:03,086 THAT ARE REVIEWED BY NEI STAFF 7359 04:23:03,086 --> 04:23:06,056 SROs, SO THEY PUT TOGETHER A 7360 04:23:06,056 --> 04:23:07,724 ONE-TIME PANEL, BASED ON WHAT 7361 04:23:07,724 --> 04:23:10,093 THEY GOT, AND THEY PICK ALL THE 7362 04:23:10,093 --> 04:23:10,727 REVIEWERS, IT'S NOT A STANDING 7363 04:23:10,727 --> 04:23:12,162 SECTION, SO THEY CAN BE VERY 7364 04:23:12,162 --> 04:23:15,031 MANY CAREFUL IN MAPPING THE 7365 04:23:15,031 --> 04:23:16,400 RIGHT EXPERTISE. 7366 04:23:16,400 --> 04:23:17,434 SO THOSE ARE THE KIND OF WHEN 7367 04:23:17,434 --> 04:23:19,970 YOU SUBMIT THROUGH AN RFA OR 7368 04:23:19,970 --> 04:23:23,306 INITIATIVE, YOU DON'T REQUEST A 7369 04:23:23,306 --> 04:23:24,441 STUDY SECTION BECAUSE IT COMES 7370 04:23:24,441 --> 04:23:24,908 IN-HOUSE. 7371 04:23:24,908 --> 04:23:26,643 SO WE CAN MAKE SURE WE HAVE THE 7372 04:23:26,643 --> 04:23:28,545 APPROPRIATE REVIEWERS LINED UP 7373 04:23:28,545 --> 04:23:29,045 FOR THOSE. 7374 04:23:29,045 --> 04:23:29,946 THAT'S TRUE FOR THE OTHER, THERE 7375 04:23:29,946 --> 04:23:32,649 ARE A LOT OF STANDING NOTICE OF 7376 04:23:32,649 --> 04:23:35,685 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE 7377 04:23:35,685 --> 04:23:36,987 NAI SPECIFIC, THE CLINICAL 7378 04:23:36,987 --> 04:23:39,823 TRIALS AND ALL THAT, HIS GROUP 7379 04:23:39,823 --> 04:23:45,662 TAKES CARE OF THAT, SO ABOUT THE 7380 04:23:45,662 --> 04:23:47,831 SCIENCES CHANGING, SO THE 7381 04:23:47,831 --> 04:23:50,867 SCIENCE IS CHANGING BUT EVEN CSR 7382 04:23:50,867 --> 04:23:53,069 STUDY SECTIONS, THEIR FOCUS ON 7383 04:23:53,069 --> 04:23:53,870 THEIR MEMBERSHIP CHANGED AND 7384 04:23:53,870 --> 04:23:56,273 THEY HAVE ACTUALLY A FAIRLY 7385 04:23:56,273 --> 04:23:57,941 ELABORATE PROCESS TO CHANGE THE 7386 04:23:57,941 --> 04:23:59,543 MAKEUP OF THEIR STUDY SECTIONS, 7387 04:23:59,543 --> 04:24:02,946 CREATE NEW STUDY SECTIONS AND 7388 04:24:02,946 --> 04:24:04,848 HAD TO DO THIS ONGOING REVIEW. 7389 04:24:04,848 --> 04:24:07,350 SO THE STUDY SECTIONS WERE IN 7390 04:24:07,350 --> 04:24:09,119 EXISTENCE WHEN I STARTED AS A 7391 04:24:09,119 --> 04:24:11,822 PROGRAM OFFICER ABOUT 40 YEARS 7392 04:24:11,822 --> 04:24:11,988 AGO. 7393 04:24:11,988 --> 04:24:13,657 VERY FEW OF THEM EXIST OR THEY 7394 04:24:13,657 --> 04:24:16,660 DON'T EXIST IN THAT, YOU KNOW, 7395 04:24:16,660 --> 04:24:18,762 THEY DON'T LOOK THE SAME. 7396 04:24:18,762 --> 04:24:19,863 SO THEY UNDERSTAND THAT AND 7397 04:24:19,863 --> 04:24:21,731 THEY'RE NOT STAGNANT, EVEN 7398 04:24:21,731 --> 04:24:22,799 THOUGH SOMETIMES IT SEEMS LIKE 7399 04:24:22,799 --> 04:24:24,434 THAT, BUT THEY'RE NOT. 7400 04:24:24,434 --> 04:24:26,670 SO THOSE ARE KIND OF THE TWO 7401 04:24:26,670 --> 04:24:27,804 THINGS THAT I WAS GOING TO SAY. 7402 04:24:27,804 --> 04:24:29,806 I DON'T KNOW IF, BRIAN, YOU WANT 7403 04:24:29,806 --> 04:24:35,312 TO ADD ANYTHING TO THAT? 7404 04:24:35,312 --> 04:24:39,149 GL THIS IS BRIAN HOESHUL. 7405 04:24:39,149 --> 04:24:41,818 IF YOU ARE APPLYING TO STUDY 7406 04:24:41,818 --> 04:24:45,455 SECTION, R01, R21, THERE ARE 7407 04:24:45,455 --> 04:24:46,990 TOLLS ON THE CSR WEBSITE WHERE 7408 04:24:46,990 --> 04:24:49,593 YOU CAN ENTER YOUR ABSTRACT AND 7409 04:24:49,593 --> 04:24:50,861 SPECIFIC AIMS, IT WILL FIND YOU 7410 04:24:50,861 --> 04:24:53,330 SORT OF THE BEST MATCH FOR THOSE 7411 04:24:53,330 --> 04:24:53,763 STUDY SECTIONS. 7412 04:24:53,763 --> 04:24:55,599 YOU CAN LOOK AT ROSTERS TO SEE 7413 04:24:55,599 --> 04:24:57,834 WHAT'S APPROPRIATE, THEY'LL SHOW 7414 04:24:57,834 --> 04:24:59,469 THE STANDING STUDY SECTIONS AS 7415 04:24:59,469 --> 04:25:03,974 WELL AS A RECENT -- ADD THAT. 7416 04:25:03,974 --> 04:25:06,209 TALKING TO PROGRAM OFFICERS IS A 7417 04:25:06,209 --> 04:25:08,144 REALLY GOOD RESOURCE. 7418 04:25:08,144 --> 04:25:09,179 THEY TALK AMONGST THEMSELVES AND 7419 04:25:09,179 --> 04:25:11,748 I THINK THERE'S SORT OF THIS 7420 04:25:11,748 --> 04:25:13,850 STIGMA, THE FEELING OF, WELL, 7421 04:25:13,850 --> 04:25:14,484 YOU APPLY -- ESPECIALLY THE 7422 04:25:14,484 --> 04:25:16,253 FIRST TIME YOU APPLY, I GET 7423 04:25:16,253 --> 04:25:17,621 ASSIGNED A PROGRAM, THEN I TALK 7424 04:25:17,621 --> 04:25:18,021 TO THEM. 7425 04:25:18,021 --> 04:25:19,456 I'M SURE ME COLLEAGUES HERE 7426 04:25:19,456 --> 04:25:20,624 WOULD ADPREE, IF YOU COULD TALK 7427 04:25:20,624 --> 04:25:22,392 TO THEM BEFORE YOU APPLY, THEY 7428 04:25:22,392 --> 04:25:26,696 CAN REALLY GIVE YOU THAT KIND OF 7429 04:25:26,696 --> 04:25:27,664 ADVICE BASED ON THEIR 7430 04:25:27,664 --> 04:25:28,398 EXPERIENCE. 7431 04:25:28,398 --> 04:25:28,665 >> GREAT. 7432 04:25:28,665 --> 04:25:29,966 >> CAN I JUST ADD SOMETHING TO 7433 04:25:29,966 --> 04:25:30,700 THAT? 7434 04:25:30,700 --> 04:25:32,035 SORRY. 7435 04:25:32,035 --> 04:25:34,070 SO BEFORE COMING TO NEI, I DID 7436 04:25:34,070 --> 04:25:35,739 WORK AT CSR, SO I'M JUST GOING 7437 04:25:35,739 --> 04:25:37,073 TO PUT ON THAT HAT AND TELL YOU 7438 04:25:37,073 --> 04:25:38,708 A COUPLE OF THINGS. 7439 04:25:38,708 --> 04:25:41,311 NUMBER ONE, FOR ANY APPLICATION 7440 04:25:41,311 --> 04:25:43,747 THAT COMES -- THAT GOES TO CSR, 7441 04:25:43,747 --> 04:25:45,582 YOU CAN DO THREE STUDY SECTIONS 7442 04:25:45,582 --> 04:25:47,117 IF NOT MORE. 7443 04:25:47,117 --> 04:25:50,086 AND THE WAY TO REALLY NAVIGATE 7444 04:25:50,086 --> 04:25:52,188 THAT IS ACTUALLY TO PROVIDE SOME 7445 04:25:52,188 --> 04:25:54,791 SORT OF EXPERTISE ON YOUR COVER 7446 04:25:54,791 --> 04:25:56,326 LETTER, WHAT NOW THEY HAVE IS A 7447 04:25:56,326 --> 04:25:59,596 NEW FORM, YOU SAY I WANT X, Y 7448 04:25:59,596 --> 04:26:01,631 AND Z PER TEASE. 7449 04:26:01,631 --> 04:26:04,034 NO NAMES, IF YOU PUT IN NAMES I 7450 04:26:04,034 --> 04:26:05,802 ASSURE YOU CSR IS NOT GOING TO 7451 04:26:05,802 --> 04:26:06,570 CALL THEM. 7452 04:26:06,570 --> 04:26:08,672 BUT PUT IN WHAT EXPERTISE YOU 7453 04:26:08,672 --> 04:26:10,106 ARE LOOKING OUT FOR. 7454 04:26:10,106 --> 04:26:12,609 THAT IS GOING TO BE VERY 7455 04:26:12,609 --> 04:26:16,446 HELPFUL, AND AS KATHY AND BOTH 7456 04:26:16,446 --> 04:26:17,714 BRIAN ALLUDED THAT THERE ARE 7457 04:26:17,714 --> 04:26:18,682 MULTIPLE CHANGES THAT ARE TAKING 7458 04:26:18,682 --> 04:26:21,718 PLACE AT CSR, SO THEY GO BY 7459 04:26:21,718 --> 04:26:25,622 CLUSTERS, THEY KEEP CHANGING THE 7460 04:26:25,622 --> 04:26:25,989 SCIENCE. 7461 04:26:25,989 --> 04:26:27,891 GO BACK TO THE STUDY SECTIONS 7462 04:26:27,891 --> 04:26:28,625 AND SEE WHO THE REVIEWERS WERE, 7463 04:26:28,625 --> 04:26:30,760 BECAUSE THEY DO HAVE STANDING 7464 04:26:30,760 --> 04:26:33,463 STUDY SECTION ROSTERS FOR THE 7465 04:26:33,463 --> 04:26:34,331 LAST THREE ROUNDS. 7466 04:26:34,331 --> 04:26:36,132 SO THAT'S VERY HELPFUL TO KNOW, 7467 04:26:36,132 --> 04:26:37,934 SO ARE THESE THE PEERS YOU WANT 7468 04:26:37,934 --> 04:26:39,469 TO KNOW? 7469 04:26:39,469 --> 04:26:43,940 IF THOSE ARE SOME OF THE FEA 7470 04:26:43,940 --> 04:26:45,742 FEARS -- YOU CAN REQUEST WHAT 7471 04:26:45,742 --> 04:26:47,477 OTHER EXPERTISE YOU KNOW AND THE 7472 04:26:47,477 --> 04:26:49,145 SRO WILL TAKE THAT INTO 7473 04:26:49,145 --> 04:26:49,946 CONSIDERATION. 7474 04:26:49,946 --> 04:26:52,115 SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE TOOLS 7475 04:26:52,115 --> 04:26:55,518 THAT YOU CAN USE IF YOUR 7476 04:26:55,518 --> 04:26:58,955 APPLICATION IS GOING TO CSR. 7477 04:26:58,955 --> 04:27:00,490 >> ONE MORE THING. 7478 04:27:00,490 --> 04:27:03,960 WHEN YOU WRITE YOUR ABSTRACT, 7479 04:27:03,960 --> 04:27:12,268 THERE IS YOU SUBMIT YOUR 7480 04:27:12,268 --> 04:27:14,237 ABSTRACT IN THAT MATCH MAKER AND 7481 04:27:14,237 --> 04:27:15,472 IT WILL TELL YOU WHAT THE 7482 04:27:15,472 --> 04:27:17,641 PROBABLE STUDY SECTION AND ALL 7483 04:27:17,641 --> 04:27:18,742 THOSE THINGS SO THAT'S VERY 7484 04:27:18,742 --> 04:27:20,410 HELPFUL, I THINK. 7485 04:27:20,410 --> 04:27:24,814 >> THANK YOU, SANGEETA, 7486 04:27:24,814 --> 04:27:26,916 >> RIGHT NOW WE ARE AT TIME. 7487 04:27:26,916 --> 04:27:29,519 AND I WANT TO JUST ASK, IS THERE 7488 04:27:29,519 --> 04:27:30,854 ANY QUICK THING THAT ANYBODY 7489 04:27:30,854 --> 04:27:36,192 ELSE WANTS TO BRING UP HERE? 7490 04:27:36,192 --> 04:27:39,629 I WANT TO THANK ALL OF YOU FOR 7491 04:27:39,629 --> 04:27:43,299 YOUR ENGAGEMENT HERE. 7492 04:27:43,299 --> 04:27:44,801 THIS IS -- OVER THE PAST FEW 7493 04:27:44,801 --> 04:27:46,603 YEARS, AGAIN, I MADE THIS POINT 7494 04:27:46,603 --> 04:27:47,804 EARLIER, I HOPE IT COMES ACROSS 7495 04:27:47,804 --> 04:27:51,875 THAT WE REALLY DO LISTEN TO WHAT 7496 04:27:51,875 --> 04:27:53,843 YOU SAY HERE, AND I HOPE IT 7497 04:27:53,843 --> 04:27:55,745 COMES ACROSS, SOME OF THE THINGS 7498 04:27:55,745 --> 04:27:58,048 THAT, YOU KNOW, COME UP ON THE 7499 04:27:58,048 --> 04:27:59,983 PODIUM HERE ARE DIRECTLY IN 7500 04:27:59,983 --> 04:28:02,052 RESPONSE TO THINGS THAT YOU'VE 7501 04:28:02,052 --> 04:28:02,852 HEARD FROM HERE. 7502 04:28:02,852 --> 04:28:07,290 I WANT TO THANK OUR STAFF HERE 7503 04:28:07,290 --> 04:28:08,992 WHO'S -- AS YOU ALL KNOW ARE THE 7504 04:28:08,992 --> 04:28:10,326 ONES WHO DO THE REAL WORK. 7505 04:28:10,326 --> 04:28:13,063 SANGEETA AND JIMMY PRESENTED TWO 7506 04:28:13,063 --> 04:28:19,035 REALLY NICE IDEAS, AND THANKS TO 7507 04:28:19,035 --> 04:28:19,869 THE COUNCIL FOR YOUR COMMENTS ON 7508 04:28:19,869 --> 04:28:21,638 THOSE, AND SANGEETA AND JIMMY, I 7509 04:28:21,638 --> 04:28:22,972 KNOW IT TOOK A LOT OF 7510 04:28:22,972 --> 04:28:24,207 INITIATIVE, AS HAVE MANY OTHERS 7511 04:28:24,207 --> 04:28:27,877 TO COME UP WITH IDEAS THAT YOU 7512 04:28:27,877 --> 04:28:30,847 WILL END UP HEARING ABOUT IN THE 7513 04:28:30,847 --> 04:28:33,750 FUTURE. 7514 04:28:33,750 --> 04:28:35,685 SO WITH THAT, I'M GOING TO CLOSE 7515 04:28:35,685 --> 04:28:36,119 HERE. 7516 04:28:36,119 --> 04:28:37,487 FOR THOSE STAYING FOR THE CLOSED 7517 04:28:37,487 --> 04:28:40,123 SESSION, WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A 7518 04:28:40,123 --> 04:28:40,690 15-MINUTE BREAK AND ACTUALLY 7519 04:28:40,690 --> 04:28:43,259 WE'RE GOING TO PICK UP AT 2:30. 7520 04:28:43,259 --> 04:28:44,327 OTHERWISE, THIS SESSION IS 7521 04:28:44,327 --> 04:28:46,863 ADJOURNED. 7522 04:28:46,863 --> 04:28:57,040 THANK YOU.