WELCOME TO THE ANNUAL KUAN-TEH JEANG MEMORIAL LECTURE AND I AM -- DIRECTOR OF THE RESEARCH WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, IN THE ACTING PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR OF THE NIH OFFICE OF INTRAMURAL RESEARCH. I'D LIKE TO LEAD OFF BY THANKING A FEW IMPORTANT PEOPLE, NOT THAT EVERYBODY ISN'T IMPORTANT. BUT I LIKE TO THANK OUR LECTURE NOMINATION COMMITTEE FOR SELECTING AN OUTSTANDING SPEAKER FOR TODAY. AND I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO RECOGNIZEDR. JEANG'S WIDOW WHO IS ALSO HERE AND THANK YOU FOR BEING PART OF THIS. I WOULD LIKE TO OPEN UP A PROGRAM WITH A BRIEF SLIDESHOW REMEMBERING DOCTOR JEANG. DR. JEANG WAS WITH US NOT LONG ENOUGH. HE WAS BORN IN 1958. IN TAIWAN AND SPENT HIS CHILDHOOD IN LIBYA AND THEN CAME TO THE UNITED STATES. HE IS TRULY A CITIZEN OF THE WORLD. HE ATTENDED MIT AND EARNED HIS PHD AT JOHNS HOPKINS AT AGE 25 WHERE HE STUDIED GENE EXPRESSION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS. HE CAME TO NIH IN 1985, THE SAME YEAR I CAME HERE AND DID A POST DOCTORA FELLOWSHIP OF THE LATE DOCTOR GEORGE CORY (PHONETIC), BY COINCIDENCE THE REASON WHY I AM HERE. THAT HE MOVED TO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BECAME CHIEF OF THE MOLECULAR VIROLOGY SECTION IN THE LABORATORY OF MOLECULAR BACK HERBOLOGY WHERE HE STUDIED T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS. HE WAS ALSO A LEADER IN THE UROLOGIST INTEREST GROUP AND A READER IN THE SOCIETY OF MICROBIOTICS RESERACHERS AND HE WAS A STRONG ADVOCATE FOR RACIAL MINORITY GROUPS. AND GROUPS WITH DISABILITY AND WE CELEBRATE HIS LEGACY CONSTANTLY. WE OBVIOUSLY HAVE A MEMORIAL OVER BY BUILDING 31 TO RECOGNIZE HIM. A LITTLE ACTUALLY WONDERFUL LITTLE SITE OVERLOOKING BUILDING 31. YOU SHOULD VISIT IT SOMETIME. I LIKE TO INTRODUCE A COSPONSOR OF OUR EVENT, MR. KEVIN WILLIAMS DIRECTOR OF THE NIH OFFICE OF EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION TO SAY A FEW WORDS. MR. WILLIAMS? >>MR. WILLIAMS: GOOD AFTERNOON EVERYONE. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT INTRODUCTION DOCTOR OWENS. FIRST I WANT TO THANK DOCTOR OWENS FOR PARTNERING WITH THE OFFICE OF EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION. I'VE LONG ENOUGH TO RECOGNIZE THAT IF YOU WANTED TO DO ANYTHING, YOU HAVE TO HAVE A PARTNERSHIP, AND THE OFFICE OF INTRAMURAL RESEARCH HAS BEEN A WONDERFUL PARTNER TO THE OFFICE OF EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION AT THE NIH. THE OFFICE OF EQUITY, DIVERSITY, INCLUSION IS PLEASED TO BE PARTNERING ONCE AGAIN WITH OAR WITH THE 2023 OBITUARIES: KUAN-TEH JEANG LECTURE. AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER AND REFLECT ON WHAT IS GOING ON FROM THE PRIOR YEAR AND IS THE FIRST TIME IN SEVERAL YEARS THAT THIS LECTURE IS IN PERSON WHICH IS PHENOMENAL, WITHOUT MASKS. >>[APPLAUSE] >>AS MANY OF YOU WE JUST WRAPPED UP SUCCESSFUL NATIVE AMERICAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER CELEBRATION HOSTED MY OFFICE DURING THE MONTH OF MAY AND THIS YEAR'S THEME FOCUSED ON UPLIFTING OUR COLLEAGUES FROM THE AA, AND NHPI COMMITTEE BY HIGHLIGHTING THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS AND APPEARANCES AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE NIH WORKFORCE. WHILE WE CELEBRATE THE INVALUABLE DEDICATION FROM THIS SEGMENT OF THE WORKFORCE WILL REMAIN COGNIZANT THAT OUR COMMITMENT IN ADDRESSING THE BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES THAT THE AA AND NHPI'S EXPERIENCE IS BOTH ONGOING AND REAL. ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AND INDEED ACROSS THE WORLD, MEMBERS OF THE AA AND NHPI FACE AND CONTINUE TO FACE ACTS OF INTOLERANCE DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND WE HAVE WITNESSED HOW ANTIASIAN RHETORIC AND MISS INFORMATION ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS MANIFEST AGAINST RACIST ACTS AGAINST THE COMMUNITY AND WE ENCOURAGE THE COMMUNITY TO DO OUR ELECTION TO DO BETTER IN OUR EFFORTS IN EQUITY, DIVERSITY, INCLUSION TO ENSURE ALL OF THE COMMUNITY DOES AND WOULD BE PARTNERING WITH THE OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE CONTINUED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RACIAL AND ETHNIC EQUITY PLANS, AND IN PARTICULAR EDI WILL BE REBRANDING THE MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE 715 PROCESS AND WORKING DIRECTLY WITH EACH OF THE 27 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS, AND THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR TO MOVE THE NIH CLOSER TO ITS GOAL OF BECOMING A MODEL EEO EMPLOYER AND AGAIN THANKS TO EVERYONE IN THE OAR IN PERSON ORIGINALLY AND I'M HAPPY YOU ARE HERE. I WILL PASS THE MOTORHOME BACK TO DOCTOR OWENS TO INTRODUCE OUR SPECIAL GUEST SPEAKER, DR. SANTO ONO, PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. THANK YOU. >>[APPLAUSE] >>I MUCH HONOR TO INTRODUCE OUR SPEAKER THIS YEAR DOCTOR SANTA ONO 15 PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME OUR VIEWERS BY VIDEOCAST, AND I REMIND YOU THAT YOU CAN ASK QUESTIONS OF DR. ONO AT THE END OF HIS LECTURE. LOOK AT THE SAND LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON ON THE VIDEOCAST SCREEN AND SEMITIC QUESTION, WE WILL RELAY THIS TO DOCTOR ONO AS TIME PERMITS AFTER HIS TALK. YOU CAN SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS AFTER THE LECTURE AND PEOPLE IN THE ROOM CAN GO TO THE MICROPHONES. I SHOULD NOTE THAT WE TYPICALLY HOLD THESE LECTURES IN MAY DURING ASIAN-AMERICAN, AND PACIFIC ISLANDER HERITAGE MONTH. BUT THE MONTH OF MAY IS NOT LONG ENOUGH TO SING THE PRAISES OF OUR COLLEAGUES OF ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER DESCENT. AND NOW ABOUT HER SPEAKER TODAY. DR. ONO IS A LEADER IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HE IS PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY AND VISUAL SCIENCES, AND OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. AS WELL AS A PROFESSOR OF MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY IN THE COLLEGE OF LITERATURE, SCIENCES AND ARTS. HE IS A VISION RESEARCHER WHOSE PIONEERING WORK IN EXTREME MENTAL MEDICINE FOCUSES ON IMMUNE SYSTEM AND EYE DISEASE. DR. ONO HAS HELD SEVERAL MAJOR POSITIONS OF LEADERSHIP, SOMETHING WHICH DOCTOR JENG WAS REALLY ENCOURAGING. IN 2012 HE WAS NAMED THE 28TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, IN 2016 HE WAS NAMED 15TH PRESIDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO IN CANADA AND IN 2022 HE WAS NAMED PRESIDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. DR. ONO WAS BORN IN VANCOUVER. GREW UP IN PHILADELPHIA, JUST NORTH OF BALTIMORE, AND HAS LIVED IN NUMEROUS CITIES, IN BOTH COUNTRIES. SO AGAIN WE HAVE ANOTHER PERSON WHO IS A CITIZEN OF THE WORLD PRETTY MUCH. HE RECEIVED HIS UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. HIS PHD FROM MCGILL UNIVERSITY, AND HIS POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING AT HARVARD. HIS AWARDS ARE MANY. BUT INCLUDE MOST RECENTLY ELECTION TO THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN 2022. TO SAY ANYTHING MORE WE WOULD EAT TOO MUCH TIME OUT OF HIS LECTURE. PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING DOCTOR SANTO ONO. >>[APPLAUSE] >>DR. ONO: THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THIS GREAT HONOR TO SPEAKER AT THE NIH, THE PLACE THAT I HAVE BEEN VISITED SINCE THE LATE EIGHTIES WHEN I WAS A GRADUATE STUDENT IN POSTDOC, THE PLACE THAT I HOLD IN GREAT REVERENCE FOR ALL THE TREMENDOUS DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE HERE. WHAT A GREAT HONOR AND THANK YOU DOCTOR OWENS FOR THAT INTRODUCTION, AND WHAT A GREAT HONOR TO BE A SPEAKER FOLLOWING A NUMBER OF REMARKABLE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE GIVEN THIS LECTURE AND HONOR, THE TENTH YEAR ANNIVERSARY TO REMEMBER THE LEGACY OF KUAN-TEH JEANG FOR HIS LEADERSHIP, FOR HIS RESEARCH EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD OF RETROVIROLOGY. AND ALSO BEING A CHAMPION OF AMERICANS IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND BEYOND. IN SPEAKING TO A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE TOLD ME ABOUT HIS TIME HERE, AND REVIEWING HIS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, I NOW REALIZED THAT I CAME BACK CLOSE TO PROBABLY BEING IN THE SAME LAB AS TEH. I WAS A GRADUATE STUDENT AT MCGILL UNIVERSITY IN MONTRƒAL. THERE WAS ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE CORY LAB WHO RECRUITED ME, WHO WANTED ME TO BE PART OF THE SECTION, PART OF THAT LABORATORY. HIS NAME WAS GILBERT JAY (PHONETIC) HEAD OF THE SECTION THERE IN MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS. I MET HIM BRIEFLY AND I CAME CLOSE TO BEING IN SAME SPACE. I'M SORRY THAT I DID NOT HAVE A CHANCE TO INTERACT WITH HIM BECAUSE I AM SURE HE WOULD'VE HAD A PROFOUND IMPACT ON ME AS IT IS CLEAR HE HAD ON SO MANY HERE AT THE NIH AND GLOBALLY. SOMEONE WHO WAS AN EDITOR OF THE JOURNAL, WHO WAS ALSO ON THE -- BOARD -- AND WHO IS CLEARLY SO LOVED BY PEOPLE WHO REMEMBER HIM HERE AT THE NIH. IT IS AN HONOR AND PRIVILEGE TO BE PART OF THE SERIES THAT RECOGNIZES HIM. BEFORE I GET INTO SOME CONVERSATION I WAS TOLD TO TALK LITTLE BIT ABOUT MY JOURNEY TO BEING THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, A POSITION THAT I AM VERY HONORED TO HOLD, UNIVERSITY THAT I AM VERY PROUD OF. I WANTED TO START AND TELL YOU LITTLE BIT ABOUT, BEFORE FORGET MY WIFE IF THAT IS OKAY, THIS IS SUPPOSED TO BE ABOUT WHAT WE ARE DOING AT MICHIGAN, AND A LITTLE BIT ABOUT MY JOURNEY HERE. MY WIFE IS REALLY MY INSPIRATION. AND BECAUSE OF THE FOCUS OF THIS LECTURE, THIS MEMORIAL LECTURE ON ELEVATING ASIANS HERE IN THIS CONTEXT, MY WIFE WHO IS GWENDOLYN YIP, JUST YESTERDAY CHAIRED A PANEL OF INDIVIDUALS IN VANCOUVER. AND SHE IS THE PAST PRESIDENT OF THE PACIFIC, CANADIAN HERITAGE MUSEUM OF MIGRATION. AND I HOPE YOU WILL DO A GOOGLE SEARCH ON GWENDOLYN YIP, SHE GOES BY WENDY, BECAUSE OF WHAT SHE HAS DEDICATED HER LIFE TO. IT RESONATES WITH WHAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TODAY, ELEVATING ASIANS WHO HAVE MIGRATED TO NORTH AMERICA AND TAKEN A LEADERSHIP POSITIONS. I AM INCREDIBLY PROUD OF HER. AND BASICALLY THIS EXHIBITION THAT IS TRAVEL FROM THE EAST COAST OF CANADA ALL THE WAY OVER TO VANCOUVER-- RIGHT NOW IT IS IN VANCOUVER-- REALLY TELLS THE STORIES OF ASIANS, ASIAN CANADIANS, ASIAN AMERICANS, IN EVERY SPHERE OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR, AND THE LEADERSHIP ROLE AND IMPACT THEY HAVE PLAYED IN REALLY BUILDING CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES BEING WHAT THEY ARE TODAY. IT IS KIND OF THE STORY OF NIH AS WELL AS SO MANY ASIAN SCIENCES HERE AT THE NIH REALLY BEING PIVOTAL IN MANY OF THE OUTSTANDING FINDINGS. FOR EXAMPLE IN THE FIELD OF RETROVIROLOGY, BUT ACROSS ALL THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE NIH. SHE CHOSE THOSE STORIES TO THIS VIRTUAL MUSEUM. I HOPE THAT YOU WILL TAKE SOME TIME AND LOOK INTO WHAT SHE IS DOING IN THAT CASE, THE PACIFIC CANADA HERITAGE MUSEUM OF MIGRATION. SO I WANT TO KNOW JUMP INTO A LITTLE BIT OF MY JOURNEY, MY LITTLE STORY BECAUSE I WAS ENCOURAGED TO TAKE SOME TIME TO% TELL YOU LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE STORY. I THINK I WILL PUSH THIS BUTTON HERE. I'M GOING TO WALK THROUGH THIS. INSTEAD OF SHOWING LOTS OF PICTURES I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT-- ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO ARE TRAINEES-- ABOUT HOW IT ENDED UP BECOMING THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. I AM A BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHER AS YOU KNOW. THIS WILL TELL YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE JOURNEY, WHICH IS NOT A DIRECT LINE FROM POINT A TO POINT B. BUT LIKE THE STORIES OF MANY BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS IN EVERY SPHERE OF HUMAN LIFE, IT WAS A MEANDERING PATH THAT GOT ME TO AN UNEXPECTED RESULT IN BECOMING THE PRESIDENT OF A MAJOR UNIVERSITY HERE IN THE UNITED STATES. I WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. I DON'T KNOW IF ANYBODY HERE WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. IT IS A WONDERFUL SCHOOL AND I WENT THERE, REASON IS THAT I READ A BOOK CALLED THE DOUBLE HELIX. SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE READ THE BOOK WRITTEN BY JIM WATSON. AND IT TOLD A STORY FROM HIS POINT OF VIEW-- THERE ARE OTHER POINTS OF VIEW-- ABOUT THE DISCOVERY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX. AT THAT TIME I WAS JUST-- EVERYBODY WAS TALKING ABOUT THE NEW BIOLOGY. EVERYBODY WAS TALKING ABOUT THE STUFF OF LIFE. THAT IT WAS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, NOT PROTEIN THAT WAS EVERYTHING BEHIND SELF REPLICATING, THE SECRET OF LIFE IF YOU WILL. HE WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND I READ SOMETHING ABOUT HIM BEING ON THE QUADRANGLE LOOKING AT BUTTERFLIES ON THE QUADRANGLE. AND I HAD THIS VIEW THAT CHICAGO WAS ALWAYS WARM AND BEAUTIFUL AND IT WOULD BE AN IDYLLIC PLACE FOR ME TO GO TO COLLEGE SO I WENT THERE AND SOON AFTER I ARRIVED, I REALIZED IT GOT COLD VERY QUICKLY AND IT STAYED COLD PRETTY MUCH THE ENTIRE SEMESTER. I WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. IT WAS A WONDERFUL PLACE TO GO TO COLLEGE AND BECAUSE I WAS ENCOURAGED TO TELL YOU LITTLE ABOUT MY STORY. I WAS FORTUNATE TO RUN INTO INCREDIBLE PROFESSORS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WHO INSPIRED ME. THEY WERE THE MOSCONE AS THE DEVELOP MENTAL BIOLOGISTS, MALCA MOSCONA (PHONETIC) WAS MY TEACHER, AND SHE BROUGHT TO LIFE THE AMAZING STORY OF HOW ORGANISMS DEVELOPED AND HOW THERE WERE SWITCHES THAT TURN ON AND OFF AS CELLS DIFFERENTIATED INTO MULTICELLULAR COMPLEX ORGANISMS. WHETHER IT IS A FROG OR A MAMMAL. I WAS DRAWN TO THE NEW BIOLOGY BECAUSE OF WATSON UNDERSTORY. THE PROFESSORS WERE EXTRAORDINARY. I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO WORK IN LAB WITH -- IT WAS THE CENTER FOR HERPES VIROLOGY AND THERE WAS -- WOULD BUILD THE NEUROLOGY STUDY LAB THE GREAT PLACE FOR THE STUDY OF THE HERPESVIRUS AND AND NUMBER OF STUDENT WENT ON TO BEING LEADING FIGURES. MY MENTOR ELLIOTT KEITH (PHONETIC), WHO WAS ALSO A MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY WHO ISOLATED THE GENOME OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS, AND MEMBER OF THE HERPES FAMILY AND USE THE NEW RESTRICTION ENZYMES TO CLONE DIFFERENT GENES OF EVV, SEQUENCE THEM AND IDENTIFIED A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT PROTEINS LIKE EBNAS (PHONETIC) THE NUCLEAR PROTEINS AND REPLICATION OF THE EPISOME. I WAS ABLE TO WORK ON THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS AND HE HAS FOREVER BEEN AN INFLUENCE ON MY LIFE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. AND I GUESS THE OTHER NEAT STUFF WHEN I WAS AN UNDERGRADUATE WAS WHEN I WENT TO NEW YORK CITY. ACTUALLY BEFORE THAT I CAME TO THE NIH BUT NOT IN BETHESDA, BUT AT FREDERICK. THERE IS A CANCER INSTITUTE, NCI CANCER RESEARCH CENTER BACK THEN AT FREDERICK. I WANT TO FOCUS ON MENTORS BECAUSE THEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE TRAINEES'S LIFE. THERE WAS A GENTLEMAN CALLED HARVEY RAVEN (PHONETIC) WHO WAS WORKING ON PRIMATE VERSIONS OF HERPES VIRUSES. THE ANALOGS. SIMILAR VIRUSES TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS AND AT THAT TIME BECAUSE OF THE ROLE IN MONONUCLEOSIS BUT ALSO IN CARCINOMA AND BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA. AND SO I SPENT THE SUMMER AT THE FREDERICK RESEARCH CENTER. HE ALSO PLAYED A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN GETTING ME EXCITED ABOUT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AT THE TIME WHEN YOU HAD TO BUY THE VERY FEW RESTRICTION ENZYMES AVAILABLE THROUGH BETHESDA RESEARCH LABORATORIES NOTHING WAS HARD. YOU HAVE TO MAKE YOUR OWN SEQUENCING GEL, YOU CANNOT SEND SOMETHING OUT AND YOU HAVE TO MAKE YOUR OWN PROTEIN GELS AND ROUTINELY RUIN ALL YOUR CLOTHES BECAUSE YOU WILL BE DEVELOPING AUTO RADIOGRAPHS IN THE DARKROOM, AND DEVELOPER WOULD RUIN YOUR NEW JEANS. IT WAS PART OF BEING A TRAINEE AT THE TIME AND THAT WAS UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. I ALWAYS ABSOLUTELY SURE THE TIME THAT I WANTED TO GO INTO BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. I WENT TO MCGILL UNIVERSITY IN MONTRƒAL. I WAS IN THE ROUND BUILDING ON THE HILL WHERE A NEW CANCER CENTER HAD BEEN DEVELOPED BY SOMEONE WHO HAD DISCOVERED SOMETHING CALLED CEA CARCINOMA EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN AND I'M STILL IN TOUCH WITH THAT MENTOR PHIL GOLD, WHO WENT ON TO DISCOVER ONE OF THE TUMOR ANTIGENS, A RELATIVELY GOOD MARKER FOR HOW THINGS ARE GOING IN TERMS OF COLON CANCER. SO I WENT THERE AND APPROACHED MY VERY FIRST PROBLEM. THAT WAS TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND AT THE TIME WHY TYPE I DIABETES RUNS IN FAMILIES. THERE WERE THREE GROUPS GLOBALLY THAT WERE OF THE CUTTING AGE OF TRYING TO IDENTIFY DIABETES SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE GENES. THERE WAS THE ONE AT STANFORD WITH -- WHOM YOU MAY KNOW. AND THERE WAS A GROUP WORKING WITH HUMAN TYPE I OR JUVENILE INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES. THERE WAS A GROUP IN MONTRƒAL WORKING ON RATS. WE WORKED ON A KIND OF RAT THAT WAS CALLED THE BB RAT, THE B STANDING FOR BANTING AND BEST (PHONETIC). THE DESTRUCTION OF BETA CELLS IN PANCREAS WAS A REASON WHY PEOPLE BECAME INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETICS. SO WORKING ON THE MICE AND HUMANS, I WAS FORTUNATE TO WORK AT SOME REMARKABLE INDIVIDUALS AN ENDOCRINOLOGIST CALLED ELINOR COLE (PHONETIC) WHO WAS TEEMING WITH HUMAN IMMUNOLOGIST BY THE NAME OF RON GOTTMAN. IF YOU LOOK HIM UP YOU WILL SEE SOMETHING ABOUT THE PASSENGER LEUKOCYTE CONCEPT. RON WAS THERE WITH ELINOR COLE. I WAS WORKING WITH THE PROTƒGƒ OF PHIL GOLD'S WHO WILL BECOME DEAN OF THE MCGILL MEDICAL SCHOOL, ABRAHAM FIX (PHONETIC). WE TRY TO IDENTIFY DIABETES SETTABLE GENES OR BB AFTER BANTING AND BEST WHO DEVELOPED SPONTANEOUS INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES. IF YOU LOOK AT THE PANCREAS OF THE BB RAT, THE PATHOLOGY WAS ALMOST INSTINCTUAL FOR WHAT HAPPENED TO HUMAN TYPE I DIABETICS OR IN THE NOD MOUSE, (PHONETIC) WILL ALSO DEVELOP A SIMILAR INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES. MY THESIS USE CONGENIC ANIMALS THAT HAD THE BB BACKGROUND WITH THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BEING SELECTION FOR RECOMBINANT, MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IS THAT TOOK A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF BREEDING AND LIKELY GENOTYPING, AT A TIME WHEN THE MAJOR -- WERE BEING ISOLATED. BASICALLY WHAT HAPPENED WAS THAT THERE WAS A CONVERGENCE IN THESE THREE MODELS AND HUMANS, AND THE TWO MODELS, THE NOD MOUSE AND THE BB RAT. USING CONGENIC ANIMALS WE WERE ABLE TO MAP THE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES TO SOMETHING CALLED RT 1D, "D" FOR DIABETES. IF YOU LOOK AT H2 OR THE RAT, THEY ORGANIZE SIMILARLY AROUND 3.5 CENTI MORGANS OF DNA> WE WERE ABLE TO MAP THE IMMUNE RESPONSE REGIONS, RE-COMBINATIONS BETWEEN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT STRAIN OF RAT, WERE ABLE TO MAP IT TO A SINGLE LOCUS CALLED RT 1D, AND ULTIMATELY TO THE BETA CHANGE THE HEADTERODIMERIC MOLECULE. THE PHD DISSERTATION THAT WE WROTE MAPPED IT TO THE SAME LOCUS WHICH EVENTUALLY WOULD HAVE THE POSITION 57 MUTATION THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TYPE I DIABETES. THAT WAS THE NEXT STOP ON MY JOURNEY, AND THE FIRST REALLY FOCUSED EFFORT TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND A PROBLEM WHERE THERE WAS A BLACK BOX OF WHAT WAS HAPPENING. THAT WAS MY PHD DISSERTATION AT MCGILL UNIVERSITY. AND MOVED ON UNDERSTANDING THAT THE -- POSITION 57 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE I DIABETES SUSCEPTIBILITY AND HUMANS. AND ONE OF THE LABS THAT WAS MADLY CLONING SEQUENCING, AT THE TIME THE LARGEST SEQUENCING OF HUMAN GENOME THAT WAS CLONED AT THE TIME IN SEQUENCE. ONCE AGAIN THERE WAS THE MCDEVITT LAB AT STANFORD AND THE -- LABORATORY THAT WAS FINDING THIS THROUGH A NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMAL WALKS WAS MY POSTDOCTORAL MENTOR, WHO WAS WORKING UNTIL JUST A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO. THAT IS AN INDIVIDUAL TO SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW, JACK STRMANGER (PHONETIC) HE HAD TWO LABS, TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE IMMUNO RESPONSE GENES WERE CONTROLLED AND AT THE TIME WE WERE ABLE TO SEQUENCE THE PROMOTERS OF THE GENES THAT ENCODE THESE PROTEINS. AT THE TIME THINKING THAT PERHAPS IF WE UNDERSTAND HOW THEY ARE REGULATED WE MIGHT UNDERSTAND TWO PHENOMENA: ONE FOR THE EXPRESSION MIGHT BE APPARENT, AND MIGHT TRIGGER INFORMATION AND WHERE THE ESPECIALLY BE LOST IN THE SYNDROME CALLED -- CENTER WE LOSE EXPRESSION OF THE CLASS 2 HLA MOLECULES. WE LOOKED AT THE PROXIMAL PROMOTERS WE FOUND AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE THREE CLASS II ISOTYPES, OR HLA MARKETS PRIMARILY IN IMMUNE CELLS OF THE THREE ISOTYPES, DR, DQ AND DP WERE DIFFERENTIALLY GRADUATED AND WE MAP THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION BETWEEN DR AND DP AND DQ TO A VARIATION IN SSL AND CALLED THE X2 BOX. WE WERE ABLE TO FIND THE HETERODIMERS OF -- PROTEINS OF HPP1 AND FOSS, WAS PART OF THE REASON WHY THEY WAS DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE DIFFERENT CLASS OF ISOTYPES IN THE IMMUNO RESPONSE REGION OF THE HLA. THAT IS I WORKED ON AS A POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW. I WILL SPEED UP NOW TO FOCUS ON MY FIRST LINE OF RESEARCH THE AS AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATOR AT JON'S HOPKINS UNIVERSITY I WAS RECRUITED THERE TO BE ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE. I CONTINUE TO WORK ON CLASS II REGULATION, BUT WAS INTERESTED IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BASIS OF INFLAMMATION. AND I STARTED TO GET VERY INTERESTED IN THE EYE. I STARTED TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW GRANULOCYTES MASKED CELLS, BASOPHILS AND OTHER CELLS MIGHT BE CONTROLLED AND HOW THEY MAY BE OVERACTIVE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE HYPERSENSITIVE AND STARTED FOCUSING ON MASKED CELLS IN THE CONJUNCTIVA, THE SURFACE MUCOSAL LAYER, THE OCULAR SURFACE, TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY ARE REGULATED AND WHETHER THEY ARE ACTIVATED NOT ONLY THROUGH THE IGE RECEPTORS ARE CROSS LINKING BUT WHETHER OR NOT THERE MIGHT BE A COSTIMULATORY SIGNAL REQUIRED FOR THE ACTIVATION AS IS THE CASE WITH MANY OTHER CELLS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM SO I WORK WITH THAT AT SKAPINS EYE INSTITUE, PART OF THE INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY AT HARVARD. WE WORKED ON HOW THESE CELLS THAT ARE PRO-INFLAMMATORY A REGULAR IT AND HOW THEY ARE CONSTITUTIVELYY ACTED IN CHRONIC ALLERGIC INFORMATION. THAT WAS MY JOURNEY THERE AND THEN I JOINED THE "DARK SIDE" AS THEY SAY WHICH IS ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION. LET ME TELL YOU A LITTLE ABOUT THAT. THE LAST PART OF THIS TALK IS WHAT I AM DOING AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. BUT I WANTED TO FULFILL THE REQUEST TO LITTLE BIT ABOUT MY LIFE STORY. I JOINED THE DARK SIDE BECAUSE WHEN I WAS IN LONDON, AND I WAS HEAD OF A DEPARTMENT THAT HAD GROWN PRETTY QUICKLY I WAS APPROACHED BY AN INDIVIDUAL WHO SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW. THERE INDIVIDUALS THAT CAN TRANSFORM YOUR LIVES THIS INDIVIDUAL WAS EARL LEWIS, THE PROVOST OF EMORY UNIVERSITY. HE REACHED OUT TO ME IN LONDON AND HE HAD BEEN DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL AT THE UNIVERSITY MICHIGAN, CALL THE RACUM (PHONETIC) SCHOOL. HE TOOK A GAMBLE ON ME. HE SAID I SEE SOMETHING IN YOU BUT DON'T YOU JOIN THE OFFICE OF THE PROVOST AT EMORY UNIVERSITY? EARL LEWIS JUST WON THE NATIONAL METAL AMENITIES, A RENOWNED HISTORIAN OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY. HE WROTE THE ENCYCLOPEDIA, I THINK PUBLISHED BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. HE IS ONE OF THE CO-AUTHORS AND EDITORS OF THAT. HE WAS THE PAST PRESIDENT OF THE MELLON FOUNDATION, ONE OF THE LARGEST SUPPORTERS OF HUMANITIES RESEARCH IN THE WORLD. AND SO, I JOINED ADMINISTRATION BECAUSE HE THOUGHT THAT I COULD HELP OUT. HE WAS A NEW PROVOST AT EMORY UNIVERSITY. HI CONTINUE TO DO WORK, CONTINUE TO GET NEI GRANTS VERY GRATEFUL FOR THOSE. BUT I ALSO STARTED TO THINK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF UNIVERSITIES IN EDUCATION OF THE NEXT GENERATION OF RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSORS. AND SO HE DREW ME INTO ADMINISTRATION. AND WHAT IS WONDERFUL NOW IS ABOUT 15, 16 YEARS LATER I'M STILL IN TOUCH WITH HIM. HE RETURN AFTER FINISHING HIS JOB AT MELLON TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, WHERE HE IS THE HEAD OF THE CENTER OF SOCIAL SOLUTIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. EARL AND I STILL KEEP IN TOUCH. AND AFTER THAT I BECAME PROVOST IN MY OWN RIGHT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI. I STILL HAD A GRANT AT THE TIME, AND NIH GRANT; MOVED TO THE CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL WHICH HAS A WONDERFUL INFLAMMATION DEPARTMENT, WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS. YOU MIGHT KNOW MARK ROTHENBERG (PHONETIC) WHO HAS DONE SOME PEOPLE WORK IN ES AND APHILIA. I BECAME THE PROVOST OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI AND THEN ELEVATED TO THE PRESIDENT, THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF COLOR THERE AND THE FIRST ASIAN-AMERICAN. AND THEN I WAS RECRUITED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. I WILL BRIEFLY SAY IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME BECAUSE I WAS BORN ON THAT CAMPUS. MY FATHER WAS A PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AT UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. AND SO FOR THEM TO REACH OUT TO ME AND SAY WE WANTED TO BECOMEG UBC WAS PRETTY REMARKABLE AND IS A PRETTY DARN GOOD SCHOOL. IF YOU WALK THROUGH THE HALLS AND LOOK AT SOME OF THE GIANTS THAT I WORKED AT THE NIH, YOU WILL KNOW THAT GOBIN KARANA (PHONETIC) WORK WITH NUREMBERG AND WORK OUT SOME OF THE CODONS AND LAWS OF WHAT HAPPENS WITH RIBOSOME TO TRANSLAT THE GENETIC CODE INTO A PROTEIN. AND THEN MICHAEL SMITH AT UBC WAS THE FIRST TO ACHIEVE ACETO GENESIS BEFORE ALL THE NUCLEOTIDES. I WAS APPROACHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN WHEN THEY WOULDN'T DOING A SEARCH FOR PRESIDENT WHICH IN MY YOUNG BUYS I THOUGHT IT WAS ONE OF THE REPUBLIC UNIVERSITIES AND I WAS INCREDIBLY HONORED TO BE CHOSEN TO BE THE FIFTEENTH PRESIDENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. THAT WAS THE STORY OF MY JOURNEY. HOPEFULLY THAT WAS OF INTEREST. AND CERTAINLY IT WAS MEANDERING AS YOU CAN SEE. BUT I HAVE TO TELL YOU I FEEL VERY BLESSED TO HAVE BEEN AT EACH OF THESE INCREDIBLE INSTITUTIONS. EACH STOP HAS SHAPED ME AS A PERSON. AND I HAVE MET SOME INCREDIBLE PEOPLE THAT HAVE REALLY SHAPED WHO I AM ALONG THE WAY. SO LET ME TELL YOU LITTLE BIT ABOUT MY RESEARCH INTERESTS; AND WILL TALK ABOUT THAT MORE BECAUSE I TALKED LONGER THAN I THOUGHT ABOUT HOW WAS INTERESTED IN BIOLOGY? HOW ARE WERE TRYING TO IDENTIFY DIABETES SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES THAT WAS MY THESIS. NOW I STARTED TO FOCUS MORE MORE ON THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BASIS OF INFLAMMATION IN THE EYE. AND I GUESS THE LATEST STUFF THAT I DID BEYOND POST-STIMULATION REQUIRED FOR THE ACTIVATION OF MAST CELLS, I STARTED FOCUSING ON MACULAR DEGENERATION, A SLOW PROGRESSIVE DISEASE AND I WAS ABLE TO IDENTIFY A NUMBER BIOMARKERS TO PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN, AND WHETHER ONE IS GOING TO GO ON TO WET FORM OR REMAIN A DRY DEGENERATION. SO THOSE ARE THE THINGS WE CONTINUE TO WORK ON AS I SET UP MY LAB. LIMIT SWITCH TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY HAVE TO TALK ABOUT YOUR UNIVERSITY. SOME OF YOU I CAN SEE WITH YOUR SWEATSHIRTS AND T-SHIRTS ARE REALLY INTERESTED IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. I HESITATED THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO WERE TRAINED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN WHO MIGHT CURRENTLY BE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. IT IS AN EXTRAORDINARY PLACE AND AS YOU KNOW IT IS OVER TWO CENTURIES OLD; IT HAS A PROUD HISTORY IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, BUT ALSO ACROSS REMARKABLE BREADTH OF DISCIPLINES. I JUST LOOK AT SOME DATA THE OTHER DAY. SOME OF YOU MAY OR MAY NOT BE SURPRISED THAT IF YOU LOOK AT THE UNIVERSITIES THAT HAVE THE MOST HIGHLY CITED SCIENTISTS IN THE MOST TOP 10 DEPARTMENT ACROSS NOT ONLY BIOMEDICINE BUT ENGINEERING? LAW? HUMANITY TO BE COMMUNITIES IN THE TOP THREE ARE HARVARD, BERKELEY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. SO THE UNIVERSITY HAS EXTRAORDINARY DEPTH AND BREADTH, IF YOU'RE FILLING IT WITH THE UNIVERSITY YOU'RE INCREDIBLY PROUD. WE ARE AT AN IMPORTANT POINT NOW. IS A VERY LARGE UNIVERSITY WITH TREMENDOUS STRENGTHS BUT THERE HASN'T BEEN A STRATEGIC VISION OR PLAN OF WHERE IT SHOULD GO. SO AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY, LIKE A DIRECTOR OF THE NIH, ONE OF THE THINGS YOU DO IS YOU HAVE CONVERSATIONS, NOT WITH INSTITUTE DIRECTORS IN MY CASE WITH DEANS OF SCHOOLS. WE HAVE 19 OF THEM AND THEN WE HAVE THREE CAMPUSES TO DEVELOP A CLEAR VISION OF HOW WE USE THE RESOURCES THAT WE HAVE, AND OUR RESOURCES ARE CONSIDERABLE. BUT IN A VERY FOCUSED WAY TO ENSURE THAT WE REMAIN BROADLY EXCELLENT, BUT ALSO WE HAVE MORE HOPEFULLY PROGRAMS THAT ARE AMONG THE VERY BEST IN THE WORLD. THAT IS WHY I HAVE LAUNCHED WHAT I CALL VISION 2034; WE HOPE TO GET THERE OR EVEN BETTER PLACE IN A DECADE AFTER WE FINISH PLANNING THIS YEAR AND WE DO HAVE A CAMPUS PLAN THAT SUPPORTS THAT MISSION. AND SO WE CREATED SOMETHING CALLED CAMPUS PLAN 2050, THESE ARE THE THINGS THAT WE DO WHEN YOU JOIN THE DARK SIDE. SO I FOCUSED ON HER VISION AND WHERE WE ARE AND THE KIND OF THING WHERE GOING TO GET READY FOR THIS, AND WHERE WE HOPE TO BE AT THE END OF THAT PROCESS. LIKE I SAID UNIVERSITY IS THEIR LARGEST A RESEARCH INSTITUTION. IS NUMBER THREE IN THE UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF TOTAL RESEARCH VOLUME. JOHNS HOPKINS IS NUMBER ONE BECAUSE HAVE A VERY BIG FEDERAL LAB CALLED APPLIED PHYSICS LABS; WE DON'T HAVE A FEDERAL LAB BUT NEVERTHELESS WE ARE VERY LARGE AND SO WE ARE SECOND ONLY TO UCSF IN TOTAL RESEARCH FUNDING. YOU CAN SEE ALL THE OTHER MAJOR PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES, WHETHER IT IS PUBLIC-- IF YOU LAYER THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES ON TOP WE WOULD STILL BE IN THE TOP THREE AFTER HOPKINS AND UCSF IN TOTAL FUNDING. SO WE ARE VERY, VERY LARGE AND THAT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE HAVE TREMENDOUS DEPTH AND BREADTH, WE HAVE TO HAVE A CRITICAL MASS TO BE ABLE TO BE A PLAYER IN THE FIELD AND IT IS NOT SURPRISING TO YOU THAT WE HAVE A VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDING FROM THE HNS FROM THE NIH, WE HAVE A CONSIDERABLE MONEY MONEY FROM THE NSF AS WELL. YOU CAN SEE THAT WE ARE HAVING A STEEP UPWARD CLIMB IN THE AMOUNT OF FUNDING RECEIVED FROM THE NIH IN THAT A STRATEGIC. PART OF IT IS DUE TO NEW BUILDING COMING ONLINE. IF YOU'RE IN MICHIGAN RIGHT NOW YOU SEE A WHOLE BUNCH OF CRANES. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE HAVE, FOR EXAMPLE UCLA AND BERKELEY DO NOT HAVE, IS LAND. WE HAVE 248 ACRES OF LAND AND RESOURCES TO BUILD. SO WE WANT TO STRENGTHEN AREAS AND STRENGTHEN OUR POLITICAL MASS IN OTHER AREAS; YOU CAN SEE A SIGNIFICANT JUMP FROM ABOUT 600 MILLION TO ABOUT 645 MILLION THIS YEAR. AND WE ARE POSITIONING OURSELVES TO BECOME EVEN LARGER. HOW USF HAS DONE IN RECENT YEARS. THIS IS A SNAPSHOT OF 2022; IS THAT WE JUMPED TO 640 MILLION IN NIH FUNDING ALONE. WE HAVE ABOUT 2700 PROJECT SPONSORED BY THE NIH ALONG SOME VERY LARGE, AND WILL TALK ABOUT THAT IN THE SECOND AND THIS IS THE NUMBER OF FACULTY AND POSTDOC GRAD STUDENTS FOCUS ON THOSE NIH GRANTS SO ALL OF YOU NIH WILL FUND THIS THANK YOU SO MUCH. I AM VERY PROUD AND HAPPY TO SAY THAT FRANCIS COLLINS SPENT A LONG TIME AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A DIRECTOR HERE THE NIH. I UNDERSTAND HE TOOK BACK A BUNCH OF YOU WITH HIM,NOT HAPPY ABOUT THAT. WHAT ARE WE DOING TO MAKE THIS EVEN BETTER? I AM PRETTY AMBITIOUS. WE WANT TO BECOME BETTER AT TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND WE RECEIVED WHEN THE BIGGEST GRANTS TO ENHANCE TRANSLITERAL RESEARCH; WE ARE FOCUSING A LOT OF ENERGY ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH. WE ARE BUILDING A CAMPUS THAT WILL HELP WITH TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF COMING IN THE NEXT SLIDE. THIS GIVES YOU AN AERIAL VIEW OF THE CENTRAL CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY. MUCH OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE SLIDE IS HAPPENING IN AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT PART OF THE UNIVERSITY CALLED NORTH CAMPUS. ONE OF THE REASONS WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GROW PRETTY QUICKLY IS THAT WE TOOK OVER A RELATIVELY SOPHISTICATED FACILITY FROM PARKE-DAVIS. IT HAS ABOUT 125 ACRES OF LAND. WHEN THE LEFT MOST OF THE BUILDINGS BECAME VACANT, AND THEY ARE NOW FULLY SATURATED WITH PEOPLE FROM THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, FROM THE OTHER HEALTH SCIENTIST SCHOOL AND FROM ENGINEERING AND LOSS OF NIH PROJECT AND THE ACQUISITION OF LAND AND BUILDINGS, ALMOST THE SAME SIZE OF WHAT YOU SEE HERE NORTH OF THE CAMPUS, ALLOWED US TO HAVE THAT UPWARD STEP IN OVERALL SUCCESS IN RECEIVING NIH GRANTS. WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO INCREASE OUR SUCCESS IN COMPETING FOR NOT ONLY NIH GRANT BUT NSF GRANTS AS WELL. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE 71 MILLION HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY (CORRECTION) NIH GRANT FOR TRANSLATION OR RESEARCH. WE HAVE BUILT ONE OF THE LARGEST FIREARM SAFETY AND RESEARCH CENTERS THANKS TO SUPPORT FROM NIH. THIS IS SAFE -- $5.5 MILLION GRANT THAT ALLOWED US TO LAUNCH THIS NEW FIREARM OR RESEARCH. ANOTHER EXAMPLE, THE NIH WITH THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION HAS LAUNCHED A SURVEY THAT WILL BE THE NUCLEUS OF THE CENTER ON HEALTHY AGING, ANOTHER STRATEGIC FOCUS WHICH ALLOWS US TO SURVEY APPROXIMATELY 20,000 PEOPLE ACROSS AMERICA TO GIVE A VERY IN-DEPTH INFORMATION ABOUT THE AGING PROCESS THROUGH INTERVIEWS BUT ALSO EVENTUALLY TO BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. BECAUSE MORE PEOPLE ARE LIVING LONGER, AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE AS WE AGE AND LIVE LONGER SOMETHING THAT SHOULD BE OF IMPORTANCE TO ALL OF US. SO THE NIH HAS ALLOWED US TO BUILD THIS BEST IN CLASS ABILITY TO TRACK AGING SO WE CAN HOPEFULLY ENSURE AS AN INSTITUTION THAT WE AGE WELL AND REMAIN HEALTHY. ALL OF THIS IS A TREMENDOUS ECONOMIC IMPACT ON THE STATE AND ON THE NATION, 5.9 BILLION FROM THE NATIONAL CONTEXT AND 1.8 BILLION IN MICHIGAN ALONE. THE RESEARCH THAT IS UNDERWAY, IN ADDITION TO BEING FUNDAMENTALLY IMPORTANT FOR THE WELL-BEING OF MICHIGAN, AMERICANS AND GLOBALLY HAS HAD A DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON THE NATION AND UNDERSTATE. THE OTHER THING THAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS TO REALLY RAMP UP OUR ABILITY TO COMMERCIALIZE. WE HAVE QUIETLY MOVED INTO THE TOP FIVE INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES IN TERMS OF ALL THE METRICS IN TERMS OF BEING ABLE TO COMMERCIALIZE OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. FOR EXAMPLE WILL LOAD SUCCESSFULLY 16 MAJOR STARTUPS LAST YEAR AND WE HAVE 433 INVENTION DISCLOSURES AND 278 LICENSING AGREEMENTS AND IN FACT WE ARE SECOND ONLY TO MIT IN THE NUMBER OF INVENTIONS THAT WERE DISCLOSED LAST YEAR FROM A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY. SO WE ARE RAMPING THAT UP AND WE WANT TO GO EVEN HIGHER IN TERMS OF OUR ABILITY TO COMMERCIALIZE OUR RESEARCH. I WILL TELL YOU WHAT OUR STRATEGY IS WITH RESPECT TO THAT IN THE NEXT SLIDES. NOT ONLY ARE WE LARGE AND WELL FUNDED, BUT MANY OF OUR PROGRAMS ARE IN THE TOP 10 IN THE UNITED STATES. THIS IS AN ANNUAL METRIC FROM THE BLUE RIDGE MEDICAL RESEARCH THAT RANKED THE BEST PROGRAMS IN THE KNOW STATES BY OVERALL FUNDING IN IF YOU COUNT THOSE IN THE TOP 10, 19 OF OUR PROGRAMS ARE IN THE TOP 10 THESE ARE IN THE TOP FIVE AND THESE ARE FOR NIH FUNDING, UROLOGY, MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING NUMBER THREE IN THE COUNTRY AND THE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. SO WE HAVE A STRONG RESEARCH PROGRAM, WELL-FUNDED FROM THE NIH AND AS I SAID THERE ARE 19 IN THE TOP 10. SO WHAT IS OUR STRATEGY TO BECOME EVEN BETTER? LIKE I SAID UNABASHEDLY I AM AMBITIOUS UNIVERSITY MICHIGAN. THIS IS OUR STRATEGY THAT WE LAUNCH THIS YEAR. WE ARE FOCUSING ON FOLLOWING SURVEYS AND FOCUS GROUPS WITH OUR SCIENTISTS AND INVESTIGATORS TO WHAT WE THINK AND MOVE US TO AN EVEN HIGHER LEVEL. AND AS YOU CAN SEE WE NEED TO DO BETTER TO GET MORE OF THE $71 MILLION NIH GRANTS ARE EVEN HIGHER AND WE NEED TO SUPPORT INVESTIGATORS PUTTING TOGETHER THOSE KINDS OF GRANTS, AND WE WILL AND HANDS BY INVESTING SUPPORTING IN RESEARCH TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL AND COMPETITIVE FOR THE LARGE GRANTS. WE WANT TO DO BETTER IN TERMS OF FOUNDATION FUNDING FROM THE GATES FOUNDATION, AND SOME OTHER FOUNDATION SO WE ARE SUPPORTING OUR INVESTIGATORS WITHOUT. WE WANT TO DO BETTER IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY SPONSORED RESEARCH. OF THE 1.7 BILLION WE BROUGHT IN WE CAN DO BETTER IN TERMS OF GETTING INDUSTRY- SPONSORED RESEARCH FROM PHARMA AND FROM BIOTECH COMPANIES. AND WE WANT TO HONOR OUR FACULTY. WE THINK THAT WE CAN DO BETTER IN GETTING MEMBERS IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIES AND TO BUILD INFRASTRUCTURES WHERE WE CAN ACTUALLY LOOK INTO THE FUTURE, AND HOPEFULLY MAKE BETTER BETS IN THE INTERSECTION OF DISCIPLINES THAT WE THINK ARE EMERGING, THAT WILL BE MOST IMPACTFUL. AND SO WE HAVE INVESTED SIGNIFICANT IN IDENTIFYING THROUGH ANALYTICS THE EMERGING FIELDS SO WE CAN SUPPORT OUR FACULTY AND STUDENTS IN THE BEST POSSIBLE WAY AND IN A PROACTIVE WAY. WE HAVE ALSO INVESTED SIGNIFICANTLY IN CORES. THIS IS PART OF THE OLDER PART OF MICHIGAN MEDICINE. IF YOU LOOK AT IT TODAY YOU SEE A BIG CRANE; THERE IS A BIG TOWER GOING UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PROCESS THE NORTH CAMPUS ON TOP OF THAT. THIS GIVES YOU AN IDEA OF HOW WE ARE ORGANIZED AS AN ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTER. WE HAVE MULTIPLE AD HOC HOSPITALS; WE HAVE SPECIFIC HOSPITALS FOR WOMEN AND FOR CHILDREN, AMBULATORY CARE. WE HAVE THE MEDICAL SCHOOL AND THE OTHER OUTSIDE SCHOOLS LIKE THE SCHOOL PUBLIC HEALTH AND NURSING AND PHARMACY AND A PRACTICE PLAN HEADED BY PAUL LEE THAT IS GOING TO GIVE A COMPLETE AND WE ARE GOING TO RAMP UP OUR GAME IN GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION. WE THINK THAT ONE OF OUR STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES AS MEDICAL CENTER IS THE SIZE AND THE NUMBER PROGRAMS THAT ARE RANKED IN THE TOP 10. YOU SEE SEVEN IN THE TOP FIVE. WE WANT TO INVEST IN OUR FACULTY EXPERTISE AND WANT TO BE SUPPORTIVE OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AND RESEARCHERS IN THE BETTER DISCOVERY RESEARCH AND ENSURE THAT ALL OF THAT IS FOCUSED ON A BETTER PATIENT EXPERIENCE WITH BETTER MEASURABLE OUTCOMES. THAT IS PART OF OUR STRATEGY AND IT GIVES YOU AN IDEA OF HOW WE ARE ORGANIZED. MICHIGAN MEDICINE IS OVER THE SYSTEM ABOUT 80 HOSPITALS ACROSS THE ENTIRE STATE OF MICHIGAN. ON THE LEFT, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH AS A CONSTELLATION OF ABOUT 80 HOSPITALS THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF MICHIGAN THAT I MENTIONED AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND FUNDS FLOW BETWEEN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL AND THE SYSTEM, AND THERE'S A LOT OF STRATEGIC HIRING FOR EDUCATION, FOR RESEARCH TOGETHER WITH THE CLINICAL MISSION AND THAT IS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICINE. AND ALL OF THIS IS I THINK ESSENTIAL FOR OUR STRATEGY TO ENSURE THAT WE REMAIN COMPETITIVE NATIONALLY AND GLOBALLY AS A UNIVERSITY. I'M CLOSE TO THE END SO WANT TO TELL YOU LITTLE BIT ABOUT OUR RESEARCH GOALS. THIS IS THE NIH. WE ARE FOCUSING ON RECRUITMENT OF FACULTY, AND A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF FACULTY HIRES IN CLUSTER AREAS IDENTIFIED BY THESE ANALYTIC METHODS. WE'RE GOING TO TRY TO INCENTIVIZE INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS AND MEDICAL SCHOOL AND ACROSS THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION. ONE OF OUR GREATEST STRENGTHS IS THAT BEYOND OUR STRENGTHS IN IOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED HEALTH, WE ALSO HAVE A MAJOR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARTS AND SCIENCES THAT IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY WAY CAN SYNERGIZE WITH THE EXPERTISE WE HAVE IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. AND WE WANT TO ENSURE THAT THIS CONTINUES TO BE FOCUSED ON HER CLINICAL RESEARCH ENTERPRISE AS WELL, AND TO INVEST IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND OUR CAMPUS PLAN TO ENSURE THAT WE MAKE IT AN OPTIMAL PLACE TO LEARN AND DO RESEARCH. LAST THING I WANT TO SAY BEFORE I OPEN IT FOR QUESTIONS IS, WE HAVE JUST RECRUITED A NEW DIRECTOR OF NEUROSCIENCE. AND WE WANT TO ESTABLISH AN COMPREHENSIVE NEUROSCIENCE CENTER. THERE ARE OTHERS THAT EXIST BUT WORKING TO PUT SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES IN NEUROSCIENCE, IN E-HEALTH, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS IT APPLIES TO HEALTH; TO USE THE STRENGTH THAT WE HAVE IN ENGINEERING AND ALSO IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL TO REALLY BECOME A MAJOR CUTTING EDGE CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN AI-INFORMED HEALTH WHICH HOPEFULLY WILL HAVE AN IMPACT ON PATIENT OUTCOMES, ON HEALTH EQUITY BOTH THE LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY. WE HAVE LAUNCHED THE NEW OPIOID CENTER AS SOME OF YOU HAVE SEEN AND WE ARE NOT SEARCHING FOR A DIRECTOR IN THE NEW EXPANSION IN THE AREA OF INFORMATION AND WE WILL BE FOCUSING ON A SMALL NUMBER OF AREAS AND TO USE THESE CROSSCUTTING THEMES OF INCENTIVIZING INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE, FOCUSING ON EACH OF THESE DOMAINS AS ONE AGES THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN AND FOCUSING ON THE IMPACT AS I SHOWED YOU IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE, TO OPTIMIZE THE COMMERCIALIZATION AND IMPACT OF THE RESEARCH THAT WE DO TO THE BEDSIDE. SO THE LAST COUPLE OF THINGS I WANT TO SHOW YOU ARE SOME OF THE ANALYTIC ABILITIES WE ARE FOCUSING ON. TRYING TO IDENTIFY AND FOCUS AREAS THAT WE THINK WILL BE TRANSFER MOTIVE, FIVE, 10 YEARS HENCE. THIS IS ONE OF OUR FACULTY MEMBERS AND YOU CAN SEE THE FIELDS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, WHERE HE INTERACTS, AND THE PEOPLE HE INTERACTS WITH. AND WE KNOW WHICH INTERACTIONS ARE EMERGING, AND BEING CITED AT A VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SO WE CAN USE THIS TO IDENTIFY FACULTY MEMBERS AND AREAS THAT WE THINK ARE ABOUT TO TAKE OFF AND TO FUND THEM AND TO POSITION THEM TO BE SUCCESSFUL BEFORE OTHER ACADEMIC CENTERS AND THAT TOGETHER WITH THIS KIND OF INVESTMENT IN THE NORTH CAMPUS WHICH IS ABOUT 340 ACRES TO CREATE SPACES FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN FACULTY MEMBERS IN DIFFERENT SCHOOLS AND DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AS PART OF OUR STRATEGY TO REALLY STRENGTHEN RESEARCH AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. THIS IS THE LAST ONE, A SCHEMATIC. AS I SAID WE ARE GOING TO BE AMBITIOUS. SO WE ARE THINKING ABOUT BUILDING A MAJOR RESEARCH FACILITY, SEVEN STORIES HIGH THAT INCLUDES IN THE SAME BUILDING COLLISION SPACES, RESEARCH FLOORS THEMATICALLY ORGANIZED TOGETHER WITH CORPORATE PARTNERS. YOU MAY HAVE SEEN THAT EMORY UNIVERSITY JUST OPENED UP SOMETHING LIKE THIS AT THE UNIVERSITY ND THERE ARE DIFFERENT ONES LIKE IN THE HARVARD SYSTEM AS YOU KNOW THAT HAVE BEEN INCREDIBLE INCUBATORS FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN DISCIPLINES AND ALSO WITH PHARMA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. I THINK THAT IS IT. WE HAVE THREE EXAMPLES HERE OF A BROAD RANGE OF DISCIPLINES BEYOND FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH THAT WE ARE ENGAGED IN. FOR EXAMPLE PROFESSOR SHAMAN (PHONETIC) IN PHARMACOLOGY, HOW HIS LAB IS BEEN INVOLVED IN LIPODERMIS DISEASES. AND EVEN IN THE AREA OF IMAGING PROFESSOR STOUT, WERE LEADER IN DEVELOPING CERVICAL TECHNIQUES, GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE OF THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT WE ARE DOING. AND WE ARE FOCUSING NOT ONLY IN COMMERCIALIZATION BUT ALSO FUNDING FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, FOCUSING SPECIFICALLY IN A TARGETED WAY ON HIGH-RISK/HIGH REWARDSCIENCE. I'M NOT GOING TO TALK ABOUT CORES WHICH ARE INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT; WE ARE FOCUSING ON CRIO EM AND OTHER KINDS OF FACILITIES TO SUPPORT THE SCIENTISTS. I WANT TO END THERE TO STAY ON TIME SO THANK YOU FOR LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT MY JOURNEY AND ALSO WHAT WE ARE DOING UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. GO BLUE! >>[APPLAUSE] >>THANK YOU FOR A WONDERFUL TALK. IF ANYBODY HAS A QUESTIONS YOU CAN GO TO THE MICROPHONE. >>I DO HAVE ONE. CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE DIVERSITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCIENTIFIC AND LEADERSHIP STAFF? DO YOU HAVE ANY INITIATIVES TO HELP WITH ANY IMBALANCED, PARTICULARLY WITH GENDER INEQUALITY? >>THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. WE HAVE A NUMBER OF NSF-ADVANCED GRANTS FOCUSING ON THAT AND WE HAVE RICH DATA ON HOW WE ARE TRENDING IN TERMS OF GENDER DIVERSITY BUT ALL FORMS OF DIVERSITY. WE WOULD LOVE TO SHARE SOME OF THE PROBLEMS THAT WE HAVE IN PLACE AND WE ARE BUILDING THAT INVOLVE PEER MENTORING AT EVERY STAGE OF SCIENTIST OR FACULTY MEMBER'S PROGRESSION. AND HOW WE HAVE TEAMS THAT INCLUDE PEOPLE WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT FROM OTHER SCHOOLS THAT REALLY WORK ON ENSURING THE SUCCESS AND PROMOTION AND TENURE TO GROW THE DIVERSITY OF OUR PROFESSORATES. THERE'S A LOT THAT WE CAN SHARE THAT HAS BEEN FUNDED FOR QUITE SOME TIME THROUGH THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. THAT IS ONE OF OUR PRIORITIES OF THE STRATEGIC VISION, TO DOUBLE DOWN ON THAT, AND TO GROW THE DIVERSITY EVEN BEYOND WHAT WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO ACHIEVE HIS UNIVERSITY IN THE PAST DECADE OR SO. >>HI. I WAS STRUCK BY YOUR CAMPUS PLAN FOR 2050, AND YOUR VISION 2034. LET ME TELL YOU SOMETHING ABOUT 2034. I WAS BORN IN 1934. I'M ONE OF A FEW PEOPLE STILL WORKING AT NIH. AND THERE IS VERY BIG NEED FOR YOU YOUNG PEOPLE TO TAKE AN INTEREST IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, WHICH IS A BIG CAUSE OF DEATH AND DISABILITY. AND THERE IS HARDLY A FAMILY IN THIS COUNTRY AS YOU MAY KNOW. YOU MAY HAVE PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS AND RELATIVES OF THESE WHO ARE SUFFERING FROM THIS. AND WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO SAY IS THAT THE ADVANCES IN RESEARCH TECHNIQUES ARE HAPPENING SO RAPIDLY THESE DAYS. BUT I CANNOT KEEP TRACK OF THEM. BUT THEY ARE THERE. AND I HAVE VISION OF DOING GENE EDITING RESEARCH AND GENE EDITING TO PREVENT AND CURE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. AND IF ANY OF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN CHATTING WITH ME, MY NAME IS MIKE MAGE, LIKE THE RACEHORSE. THERE ARE MANY AREAS IN WHICH YOU CAN FOCUS BOTH IN GENE EDITING AND IN GENE SEQUENCING. THE ADVANCES IN GENE SEQUENCING WHICH HAVE COME ABOUT BASED PARTLY ON THE NEW RULES BY NIH UNDER NEW RULES BY PUBLISHERS LIKE AAI AND AAAS, AND THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. MAKES BROAD DATA INSTANTLY ACCESSIBLE WHEN YOU READ ONE OF THE PUBLICATIONS. AND YOU MAY HAVE SEEN WHERE YOU CAN CLICK AND IT CALLS IT UP RIGHT BEFORE YOUR EYES. >>LET ME ALSO MENTION DOCTOR MAGE, WE ARE GOING TO HAVE A RECEPTION. IT WILL BE GREAT FOR US TO CONTINUE THIS WITH YOU. >>THANK YOU. >>WHAT AN INSPIRATION FOR YOU TO BE HERE AMONGST US. EVERYTHING THAT WE DO SCIENTISTS AND EDUCATORS RESTS UPON THE FOUNDATION YOU BUILT, ON YOUR SHOULDERS. THE REASON WHY TWO OF OUR PRIORITIES ARE TO INVEST IN NEUROSCIENCE AND HEALTHY AGING IS BECAUSE WE AGREE 100% WITH WHAT YOU SAID. I THINK IT DOES REST UPON THE NEXT GENERATION. THANK YOU FOR INVITING THEM TO BE PART OF THE FUTURE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >>[APPLAUSE] >>FIRST THANK YOU FOR TAKING TIME OFF YOUR BUSY SCHEDULE TO SHARE YOUR CAREER, YOUR LIFE, YOUR VISION. YOU TALKED ABOUT EARLY PART OF YOUR CAREER TO FIND OPPORTUNITIES WHICH RESONATES WITH MANY OF US. YOU ALSO MENTIONED THAT AT SOME POINT IN YOUR JOURNEY YOU TURN TO THE DARK SIDE. I WONDER, DO YOU MISS THE "LIGHT SIDE," AND HOW DO YOU STAY ENGAGED WITH THE BASIC SCIENCE? YOU STILL SEEM TO BE CONVERSANT IN THE TERMINOLOGY. >>I DO MISS THE LIGHT SIDE. I LOVE GETTING MY JEANS RUINED; I LOVED THE BEING THE FIRST TO SEE SOMETHING IN THE AUTORAD WERE SOME OF THE HAPPIEST DAYS OF MY LIFE , AND BEING IN THE LABORATORY TO 3 AM IN THE MORNING. IT IS A BLESSING HOWEVER TO LEAD A PLACE LIKE THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, THAT HAS THE RESOURCES TO MAKE THINGS BETTER. PEOPLE ARE VERY PROUD AS YOU KNOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND THE PEOPLE THAT HAVE COME FROM PERMIT AND IN ADDITION TO FRANCIS COLLINS, YOU PROBABLY KNOW THAT THE INFLUENZA VACCINE CAME OUT OF RESEARCH THERE; THE JONAS SALK HIMSELF TRAINED THERE AND DID SOME CRITICAL TRIALS WORK TO SHOW THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF THE POLIO VACCINE. IT IS PRIVILEGED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH A PLACE LIKE THAT AND HAVE STUDENTS SECOND TO NONE. I WANT TO MAKE IT CLEAR THAT I MISS THE LIGHT SIDE. BUT I ALSO FEEL PRIVILEGED TO BE PART OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND DO EVERYTHING I CAN TO ELEVATE IT AND I HOPE WILL CONTINUE SENDING SCIENTISTS AND STUDENTS FROM MICHIGAN TO THE NIH. AND I DO MISS IT. SOMETIMES THESE ADMINISTRATORS OR FORMS ARE NOT FOREVER. I HOPE I CAN SET UP MY LABORATORY AT THE KELLOGG EYE CENTER. THERE STILL THINGS I WANT TO DO MAYBE I WILL MAKE IT BACK TO THE LAB BEFORE YOU KNOW. >>THANK YOU. >>SANTA, THANK YOU FOR A FANTASTIC TALK AND I APPRECIATE YOUR GIVING A SHOUT OUT TO DR. MAGE FOR BEING AN INSPIRATION AND I WANT TO GIVE YOU A SHOUT OUT AS SOMEONE WHO IS OF ASIAN DESCENT; YOU AS A PERSON OF ASIAN DESCENT ARE INSPIRATION TO ASIAN PEOPLE. CONGRATULATIONS FOR THAT. MY QUESTION IS THAT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I STARTED TO THINK ABOUT, FROM AN NIH PERSPECTIVE, WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS TO CURE DISEASE AND MAKE DISCOVERIES THAT TRANSLATE TO CURING DISEASE AND IN A WAY THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM THE INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATOR. WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO DO IS PUBLISH PAPERS AND GET TENURE. I TRYING TO THINK ABOUT HOW CAN WE BEST ALIGN INCENTIVES? IN MY OPINION WE HAVE AN INCENTIVE SYSTEM AND THE PROMOTION TENURE SYSTEM THAT IS GEARED MORE TOWARDS INDIVIDUAL PEOPLE RATHER THAN CURING BIG PICTURE PROBLEMS AND WE ALL SAW THAT IN COVID. WHEN WE ALL HAVE THE SAME INCENTIVES WE CAN SOLVE PROBLEMS QUICKLY. BUT I DON'T THINK THAT IS SOMETHING AT NIH THAT WE CAN DO ALONE. WE NEED TO WORK TO UNIVERSITIES AND HOW CAN WE AT NIH WORK WITH PEOPLE IT UNIVERSITIES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL? >>THAT IS A VERY INSIGHTFUL QUESTION. YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT IN TEAM SCIENCE; THERE IS THAT DILEMMA ON HOW TO INCENTIVIZE AND SUPPORT THAT. THERE IS ALSO THE DILEMMA OF PEOPLE BEING AND INSTITUTO SCHOOLS OR DEPARTMENTS. THEIR PROGRESS IS REVIEWED BY LIKE PEOPLE. AND THAT ISN'T CONDUCIVE TO INDIVIDUALS THAT REALLY WANT TO BE TRULY INTERDISCIPLINARY. SAID KIND OF THING WITH STUDY SECTIONS. THERE ARE THESE BRILLIANT SCIENTISTS WHO SAY MY GRANT KEEPS GOING TO VIZ A OR HAI (PHONETIC), AND MY BUSINESSES IN OCULAR SCIENCE OR ENGINEERING, SO THE SAME KIND OF DISCUSSION ABOUT HOW INSTRUCTIONS REVIEW PROCESS, HOW TO THINK OF IT IN ANY WAY TO SUPPORT THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF RESEARCH THAT HAS TO HAPPEN, WE WOULD LOVE TO DO THAT WITH THE NIH. WE ARE HAVING THOSE CONVERSATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. WHAT IS IT ABOUT OUR TENURE AND PROMOTION PROCESS? IS IT TOO INSULAR? DO WE NEED TO REVISIT IT? HOW DO WE FOR EXAMPLE ACKNOWLEDGE INDIVIDUALS WERE VERY ENTREPRENEURIAL, WHO MAY PUBLISH FEWER PAPERS BUT WHO ARE REALLY AT THE GENESIS OF NEW FORMS OF THERAPY. AND SO ALL OF THAT GETS BACK TO WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DARK SIDE. TO THINK ABOUT THOSE POLICY CHANGES AND TO SUPPORT THEM, AND TO SUCCESSFULLY CHANGE THEM SO THAT WE CAN BEST SUPPORT THE SCIENTISTS THAT ARE REALLY AT THE CUTTING-EDGE OF WHAT WE ARE DOING. THANK YOU FOR THAT. >>ANYTHING ELSE FROM ONLINE? >>THAT IS IT. THIS IS A GREAT PLACE TO STOP. WE WILL HAVE A LITTLE RECEPTION OUTSIDE. YOU ARE WELCOME TO STAY AND CHAT. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE. >>[APPLAUSE]