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>> Tiffany Powell-Wiley:
Hello, my name is Dr. Tiffany

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Powell-Wiley, and I'm
Chief of the Social

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Determinants of Obesity
and Cardiovascular Risk

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Laboratory at the
National Heart, Lung,

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and Blood Institute.

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Today I'll be talking
about community engagement

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and community based
participatory research.

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And this is part two
of a three-part series.

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In this session, I will provide
definition and rationale

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for community based
participatory research or CBPR.

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I will then go into
key principles

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for community engagement
in CBPR, core values of CBPR

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and the application
of the CBPR approach.

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The term community based
participatory research

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is used to acknowledge
and emphasize

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the participation, influence,

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and control of
nonacademic researchers,

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in partnership with
academic researchers,

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to create knowledge and change
through research studies.

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And this approach is
designed to equitably

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involve community members,
community organizations,

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and academic researchers in all
aspects of the research process.

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CBPR enables all
partners to contribute

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and involves conducting research
that recognizes the community

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as a social and cultural
entity with active engagement

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and influence of community
members in all research --

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in all parts of the
research process.

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So, what is the
rationale for community

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based participatory research?
CBPR has become quite necessary,

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as there's a greater
recognition for the need

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for community driven research
to address health disparities.

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CBPR is based on a
fundamental understanding

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of the importance of local
and cultural contexts

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in the development
of clinical research

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that has external validity
and can reach those who are

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traditionally underrepresented
in biomedical research.

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Additionally, CBPR
helps to address

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complex health conditions

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that are influenced
by social problems

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that are not always suited
for outside expert research.

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These are issues that require
solutions that are based on

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input from those most
impacted by the issues.

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CBPR aids to provide a
voice for communities

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most impacted by
research abuse and bias,

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and who are most likely to
mistrust the healthcare system,

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as well as the
research enterprise.

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Additionally, CBPR was
developed to address

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disappointing results
in intervention research

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that was more focused
at the individual level,

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and to get feedback from those
interested in improving

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and working towards the health
for those underrepresented,

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under resourced communities.

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CBPR plays a particularly
important role

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in promoting health
equity. It --

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CBPR is key in working
with communities

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most impacted by
health disparities

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and allows for research studies

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to be tailored to
specific community needs.

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CBPR works by
developing partnerships

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with trusted community
members and leaders

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who can help identify assets
within the community

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that can improve health outcomes
and promote health equity.

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These assets and resilience
factors exist in all communities

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and can be mobilized
to target issues

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whether they be health related,

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or more structural problems
that are seen by the community

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as contributing
to health disparities.

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There are key principles
or characteristics

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that can be used to guide
the development

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of a CBPR partnership.

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First, CBPR requires being clear
about the purpose and goals

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of an effort to build
partnerships around research

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from the beginning. CBPR
also builds on the strength

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and resources
within the community.

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It requires a researcher
to be knowledgeable

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about the community.

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For example, it is critical
to recognize the skills

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and assets of individuals,

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the caring and helpful networks
of social relationships

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that exist in communities
and the mediating structures

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that exist within communities
like faith-based organizations

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or community-based
organizations.

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And these partnerships
and networks

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that already exist
within communities

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can enable community members
to work together

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to improve health
and quality of life.

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CBPR also promotes collaborative
and equitable partnerships

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that need to be
built on trust.

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This starts with working
with community members

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to identify the
issues and concerns

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that need to be addressed.

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Researchers involved in CBPR
recognize that inequalities

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that exist between themselves
and community members

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need to be confronted
from the beginning

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and they also need
to pay explicit attention

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to the expertise
of community members.

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Researchers from academia
also need to create

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an empowering process
through sharing information,

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sharing decision making power,

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and sharing resources amongst
all members of the partnership.

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There are other key
principles to remember

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for community
engagement in CBPR.

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Those involved in CP --

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CBPR recognize that
self-determination

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is a right amongst all
those within a community

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and that all community
members may not be willing

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or able to work in partnership
in a research process.

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CBPR facilitates
co-learning and capacity

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building to create change

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and improve health
within a community.

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For example, researchers learn
from the local knowledge

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that community members have
about their community's history,

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culture, and broader
social context,

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as well as from
their administrative

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and management skills.

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Similarly, community members
learn further skills

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in conducting clinical research

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and writing grant proposals
from academic partners.

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CBPR also recognizes the need
to balance research and action

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for the mutual benefit of a
diverse set of stakeholders.

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CBPR partnerships may agree
that all research efforts

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do not have to involve an
intervention component,

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but they commit to the
translation of research findings

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to intervention strategies

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that will address the
concerns of the community.

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Additional key principles
are that CBPR focuses

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on identifying and
mobilizing community assets.

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CBPR also disseminates
findings to all partners

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who are involved in
the research process,

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as well as involves
these partners

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in the dissemination process.

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CBPR requires releasing
control of actions

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related to an intervention
to community members

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and being flexible to
meet the changing needs

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of community members.

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And finally, CBPR promotes
a long-term process

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and commitment on the
part of all partners

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to genuinely follow
the principles.

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And CBPR emphasizes the
establishment of relationships

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and commitments that extend
beyond a single project

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or a single funding period.

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Thus, one must remember
the core values of CBPR

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including trust, respect,
self-determination,

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mutuality of interests,
perspective taking,

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full participation, reciprocity,
collective benefit,

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and long-term commitment.

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It's also important to remember
that CBPR is an approach

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to research which changes
the role of the researcher

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and the population that
is participating in research

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and is designed to bring equity
between the two groups.

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CBPR is not a specific method
or set of methods,

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and it can involve
both qualitative

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and quantitative methods.

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It can have multiple
research designs

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that can involve
randomized trials,

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observations that --
observational studies

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or even studies that involve
the treatment with therapeutics.

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And really the goal of CBPR

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is to work across levels
to change health,

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and healthcare systems and
policies that influence health.

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CBPR is applicable to four types
of research in particular,

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first being descriptive research

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to identify multiple
determinants of health,

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second being research
to understand disparities

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in health status and
health related risks,

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the third being research to
understand community needs,

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problems, resources, and assets,

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and the fourth being efforts
to design, implement,

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and evaluate interventions
and policies.

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In summary CBPR involves
community members,

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organizations, and
those in academia

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and all aspects of
the research process.

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CBPR is an approach to research
for advancing health equity,

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and key principles of
CBPR include being clear

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about goals of engagement
and clear about efforts

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and the right to
self-determination

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among community-based
populations.

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The first question is,
which of the following

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is an important principle
of community engagement for

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community based
participatory research? A)

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Make certain to only tell
one community leader

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about the purpose
of your engagement

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and research effort, B) Only
spend time in the community

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once you have prepared
your research protocol

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for review by
community leaders, C)

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Be clear about the purposes

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or goals of the community
engagement effort

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and the populations
and/or communities

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you want to engage, D)

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Only commit to the community
engagement for the short term,

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as long as funding
remains available?

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And the answer is C)

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Be clear about the purposes or
goals of the engagement effort,

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and the populations and/or
communities you want to engage.

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The next question is, which of
the following statements

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is a part of the
definition for community

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based participatory research? A)

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Equitably involves
community members,

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organizations, and
academic researchers

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in all aspects of the
research process, B)

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Only allow the most
supportive community members

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to participate
in research, C)

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Ignores potential
mistrust of research

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by community leaders, and D)

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Involves collaborations
of academic researchers

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to study health problem --

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health outcomes in a
specific community?

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And the answer is A)

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Equitably involves
community members,

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organizations, and
academic researchers

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in all aspects of the
research process.

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Next question is true or false.

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Assessment of community
assets and dynamics

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is not required
in conducting community

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based participatory research,
and the answer is false.

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Next question is true or false.

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Community-based
participatory research

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is a specific research
method to use

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in working with community
members on a research project?

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And the answer
is false as well.

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Thank you.