>> Tiffany Powell-Wiley: Hello, my name is Dr. Tiffany
Powell-Wiley, and I'm Chief of the Social
Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk
Laboratory at the National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute.
Today I'll be talking about community engagement
and community based participatory research.
And this is part two of a three-part series.
In this session, I will provide definition and rationale
for community based participatory research or CBPR.
I will then go into key principles
for community engagement in CBPR, core values of CBPR
and the application of the CBPR approach.
The term community based participatory research
is used to acknowledge and emphasize
the participation, influence,
and control of nonacademic researchers,
in partnership with academic researchers,
to create knowledge and change through research studies.
And this approach is designed to equitably
involve community members, community organizations,
and academic researchers in all aspects of the research process.
CBPR enables all partners to contribute
and involves conducting research that recognizes the community
as a social and cultural entity with active engagement
and influence of community members in all research --
in all parts of the research process.
So, what is the rationale for community
based participatory research? CBPR has become quite necessary,
as there's a greater recognition for the need
for community driven research to address health disparities.
CBPR is based on a fundamental understanding
of the importance of local and cultural contexts
in the development of clinical research
that has external validity and can reach those who are
traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research.
Additionally, CBPR helps to address
complex health conditions
that are influenced by social problems
that are not always suited for outside expert research.
These are issues that require solutions that are based on
input from those most impacted by the issues.
CBPR aids to provide a voice for communities
most impacted by research abuse and bias,
and who are most likely to mistrust the healthcare system,
as well as the research enterprise.
Additionally, CBPR was developed to address
disappointing results in intervention research
that was more focused at the individual level,
and to get feedback from those interested in improving
and working towards the health for those underrepresented,
under resourced communities.
CBPR plays a particularly important role
in promoting health equity. It --
CBPR is key in working with communities
most impacted by health disparities
and allows for research studies
to be tailored to specific community needs.
CBPR works by developing partnerships
with trusted community members and leaders
who can help identify assets within the community
that can improve health outcomes and promote health equity.
These assets and resilience factors exist in all communities
and can be mobilized to target issues
whether they be health related,
or more structural problems that are seen by the community
as contributing to health disparities.
There are key principles or characteristics
that can be used to guide the development
of a CBPR partnership.
First, CBPR requires being clear about the purpose and goals
of an effort to build partnerships around research
from the beginning. CBPR also builds on the strength
and resources within the community.
It requires a researcher to be knowledgeable
about the community.
For example, it is critical to recognize the skills
and assets of individuals,
the caring and helpful networks of social relationships
that exist in communities and the mediating structures
that exist within communities like faith-based organizations
or community-based organizations.
And these partnerships and networks
that already exist within communities
can enable community members to work together
to improve health and quality of life.
CBPR also promotes collaborative and equitable partnerships
that need to be built on trust.
This starts with working with community members
to identify the issues and concerns
that need to be addressed.
Researchers involved in CBPR recognize that inequalities
that exist between themselves and community members
need to be confronted from the beginning
and they also need to pay explicit attention
to the expertise of community members.
Researchers from academia also need to create
an empowering process through sharing information,
sharing decision making power,
and sharing resources amongst all members of the partnership.
There are other key principles to remember
for community engagement in CBPR.
Those involved in CP --
CBPR recognize that self-determination
is a right amongst all those within a community
and that all community members may not be willing
or able to work in partnership in a research process.
CBPR facilitates co-learning and capacity
building to create change
and improve health within a community.
For example, researchers learn from the local knowledge
that community members have about their community's history,
culture, and broader social context,
as well as from their administrative
and management skills.
Similarly, community members learn further skills
in conducting clinical research
and writing grant proposals from academic partners.
CBPR also recognizes the need to balance research and action
for the mutual benefit of a diverse set of stakeholders.
CBPR partnerships may agree that all research efforts
do not have to involve an intervention component,
but they commit to the translation of research findings
to intervention strategies
that will address the concerns of the community.
Additional key principles are that CBPR focuses
on identifying and mobilizing community assets.
CBPR also disseminates findings to all partners
who are involved in the research process,
as well as involves these partners
in the dissemination process.
CBPR requires releasing control of actions
related to an intervention to community members
and being flexible to meet the changing needs
of community members.
And finally, CBPR promotes a long-term process
and commitment on the part of all partners
to genuinely follow the principles.
And CBPR emphasizes the establishment of relationships
and commitments that extend beyond a single project
or a single funding period.
Thus, one must remember the core values of CBPR
including trust, respect, self-determination,
mutuality of interests, perspective taking,
full participation, reciprocity, collective benefit,
and long-term commitment.
It's also important to remember that CBPR is an approach
to research which changes the role of the researcher
and the population that is participating in research
and is designed to bring equity between the two groups.
CBPR is not a specific method or set of methods,
and it can involve both qualitative
and quantitative methods.
It can have multiple research designs
that can involve randomized trials,
observations that -- observational studies
or even studies that involve the treatment with therapeutics.
And really the goal of CBPR
is to work across levels to change health,
and healthcare systems and policies that influence health.
CBPR is applicable to four types of research in particular,
first being descriptive research
to identify multiple determinants of health,
second being research to understand disparities
in health status and health related risks,
the third being research to understand community needs,
problems, resources, and assets,
and the fourth being efforts to design, implement,
and evaluate interventions and policies.
In summary CBPR involves community members,
organizations, and those in academia
and all aspects of the research process.
CBPR is an approach to research for advancing health equity,
and key principles of CBPR include being clear
about goals of engagement and clear about efforts
and the right to self-determination
among community-based populations.
The first question is, which of the following
is an important principle of community engagement for
community based participatory research? A)
Make certain to only tell one community leader
about the purpose of your engagement
and research effort, B) Only spend time in the community
once you have prepared your research protocol
for review by community leaders, C)
Be clear about the purposes
or goals of the community engagement effort
and the populations and/or communities
you want to engage, D)
Only commit to the community engagement for the short term,
as long as funding remains available?
And the answer is C)
Be clear about the purposes or goals of the engagement effort,
and the populations and/or communities you want to engage.
The next question is, which of the following statements
is a part of the definition for community
based participatory research? A)
Equitably involves community members,
organizations, and academic researchers
in all aspects of the research process, B)
Only allow the most supportive community members
to participate in research, C)
Ignores potential mistrust of research
by community leaders, and D)
Involves collaborations of academic researchers
to study health problem --
health outcomes in a specific community?
And the answer is A)
Equitably involves community members,
organizations, and academic researchers
in all aspects of the research process.
Next question is true or false.
Assessment of community assets and dynamics
is not required in conducting community
based participatory research, and the answer is false.
Next question is true or false.
Community-based participatory research
is a specific research method to use
in working with community members on a research project?
And the answer is false as well.
Thank you.