1 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:08,040 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU ALL 2 00:00:08,040 --> 00:00:09,240 FOR JOINING US TODAY AND WELCOME 3 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:12,800 YOU TO THE WORKSHOP ON SEX AND 4 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:14,320 GENDER SPECIFIC COVID-19 5 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:15,920 OUTCOMES AND MANAGEMENT, 6 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:17,880 RELEVANT FOR HEART, LUNG AND 7 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:19,960 BLOOD SLEEP DISORDERS FROM BENCH 8 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:26,080 TO BEDSIDE, MY NAME IS 9 00:00:26,080 --> 00:00:27,520 JASMINA VARAGIC, CHAIR OF THE 10 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,120 NHLBI AND CHAIR OF THIS 11 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:31,360 WORKSHOP. 12 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:35,760 THE CORONA VIRUS DISEASE OF 2019 13 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,960 ARE CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 14 00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:41,400 VIRUS, HAS CHANGED THE WORLD IN 15 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:42,840 A MAJOR WAY, MORE THAN 1 MILLION 16 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:45,440 IN THE U.S. AND MORE THAN 17 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:46,760 6 MILLION WORLD WIDE SO FAR. 18 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:48,240 INFECTED PEOPLE COULD HAVE A 19 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:50,880 WIDE RANGE OF SYMPTOMS FROM MILD 20 00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:52,160 SYMPTOMS TO SEVERE ILLNESS 21 00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:53,960 ISSUES IT IS INITIALLY 22 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:55,880 CONSIDERED AS A RESPIRATORY 23 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:57,360 DISEASE BUT SARS COVID CAN 24 00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:02,520 AFFECT MANY OTHER ORGANS 25 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:04,360 INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, 26 00:01:04,360 --> 00:01:05,280 KIDNEY, BRAIN, SERVOUS SYSTEM 27 00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:08,760 AND CAN CAUSE A VARIETY OF 28 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:10,120 LONG-TERM SYMPTOMS KNOWN AS LONG 29 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:10,960 COVID. 30 00:01:10,960 --> 00:01:12,200 SCIENTISTS ARE PUTTING IN AN 31 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:14,880 EXTRAORDINARY EFFORT TO BETTER 32 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:15,680 UNDERSTAND UNDERLYING 33 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:16,600 MECHANISMS, CLINICAL 34 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:18,360 PRESENTATION AND DEVELOP 35 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:19,800 RELEVANT, PREVENTED AND 36 00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:21,400 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. 37 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:23,120 IMPORTANTLY SEX AND GENDER ARE 1 38 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:24,880 OF THE NATIONAL CONTRIBUTORS TO 39 00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:28,880 THESE DISEASES AND EMERGING 40 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:29,680 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA REVEAL 41 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:32,920 SIGNIFICANT SEX AND GENDER 42 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:35,520 DISPARITIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR, 43 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:36,840 PULMONARY AND CARDIOVASCULAR 44 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:39,520 DISORDERS RELATED TO COVID-19. 45 00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:41,360 IT'S OBVIOUS REPORTING THE 46 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:42,960 DATABASE IN SEX AND GENDER IS 47 00:01:42,960 --> 00:01:45,200 NOT AS COMMON IN COVID-19. 48 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:46,600 THEREFORE WE ORGANIZE THIS 49 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:48,560 WORKSHOP FOCUSED ON SEX AND 50 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:49,840 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COVID-19 51 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:51,760 OUTCOMES AND MANAGEMENT AND WE 52 00:01:51,760 --> 00:01:56,160 HAVE SEVERAL OBJECTIVES, NEXT 53 00:01:56,160 --> 00:01:56,920 SLIDE, PLEASE. 54 00:01:56,920 --> 00:01:58,240 WE WANTED TO BRING TOGETHER 55 00:01:58,240 --> 00:01:59,680 SCIENTISTS AND CLINICIANS TO 56 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:00,760 REVIEW THE STATE OF THE SCIENCE 57 00:02:00,760 --> 00:02:02,760 IN SEX AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN 58 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:03,680 COVID-19 OUTCOMES THAT ARE REEL 59 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:05,720 KEEPSAKES VABT TO HEART, LUNG, 60 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:07,600 BLOOD, AND SEEP DISORDERS. 61 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:09,760 WE ALSO WANTED TO FACILITATE SEX 62 00:02:09,760 --> 00:02:12,360 AND GENDER CONSIDERATION IN 63 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:14,160 COLLECTING, ANALYZING AND 64 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:15,080 INTERPRETING COVID-19 HEART, 65 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:18,280 LUNG, BLOOD AND SLEEP DISORDERS 66 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:19,880 TO IDENTIFY KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND 67 00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:22,480 WE WANTED TO EXPLORE STRATEGIES 68 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:24,240 TO FACILITATE TRANSLATION OF 69 00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:25,520 BASIC BIOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES 70 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:26,560 INTO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS TO 71 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:29,400 IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO DEVELOP 72 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:31,160 SEX AND GENDER SPECIFIC 73 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:32,560 PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION 74 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:35,480 STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19 RELATED 75 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:37,800 HEART LUNG BLOOD AND SLEEP 76 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:39,120 DISORDERS. 77 00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:39,840 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 78 00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:44,120 IN THIS 2 DAY WORKSHOP, WE HAVE 79 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:46,240 SPEAKERS AND MODERATORS WHO 80 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:46,760 DELIVERING COMPLIMENTARY 81 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:47,000 EXPERTISE. 82 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:48,040 DURING THE FIRST DAY OF THE 83 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:49,560 WORKSHOP, THEY WILL FOCUS ON 84 00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:52,240 MECHANISMS OF SEX DISPARITIES IN 85 00:02:52,240 --> 00:02:53,800 COVID-19 OUTCOMES, IMPACT OF 86 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:56,440 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ON 87 00:02:56,440 --> 00:02:57,640 GENDER RELATED COVID-19 HEART, 88 00:02:57,640 --> 00:02:59,640 LUNG, BLOOD AND SLEEP DISORDERS, 89 00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:01,720 AS WELL AS PREGNANCY AND OTHER 90 00:03:01,720 --> 00:03:05,000 CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT 91 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:06,280 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SARS-COV-2. 92 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:07,760 THE SESSIONS ON DAY 2 WILL FOCUS 93 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:10,480 MORE ON HEART, LUNG, BLOOD AND 94 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:12,120 SLEEP DISORDERS, ADDRESSING SEX 95 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:14,320 AND GENDER RELATED MECHANISMS 96 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:16,000 WHICH UNDERLIE COVID-19 97 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:17,400 CONSEQUENCES IN NEEZ DISEASE 98 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:17,880 DOMAINS. 99 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:20,840 THROUGHOUT THE WORKSHOP, WE WILL 100 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:21,760 ALSO HAVE COMMUNITY 101 00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:22,960 REPRESENTATIVES AND WE ARE VERY 102 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:26,280 GRATEFUL FOR THEIR WILLINGNESS 103 00:03:26,280 --> 00:03:30,400 TO SHARE THEIR STORIES ABOUT 104 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:30,880 COVID-19. 105 00:03:30,880 --> 00:03:33,720 WE WILL CONCLUDE WITH 2 BREAK 106 00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:38,080 OUT ROOMS ON MECHANISTIC, AND 107 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:38,880 TRANSLATIONAL PRECLINICAL AND 108 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:40,480 CLINICAL RESEARCH AND WITH A KEY 109 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:41,760 AIM TO EXPLORE RESEARCH 110 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:42,680 OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE OUR 111 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:44,920 UNDERSTANDING OF SEX AND GENDER 112 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:46,120 DIFFERENCES IN COVID-19 113 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:48,520 OUTCOMES. 114 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:49,000 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 115 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:51,200 IT IS MY GREAT HONOR AND 116 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:52,600 PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE THE CHAIRS 117 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:56,880 OF THE WORKSHOP, DR. KATHRYN 118 00:03:56,880 --> 00:04:03,600 SANDBERG AND DR. YOGEN KANTHI, 119 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:05,960 DR. SANDBERG S&P THE PROCESSOR 120 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:07,800 AND VICE CHAIR FOR RESEARCH 121 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:09,600 CENTER FOR STUDY OF SEX 122 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:13,480 DIFFERENCES AT GEORGETOWN 123 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:14,760 UNIVERSITY. 124 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:16,280 DR. SANDBERG FOCUSES ONLET 125 00:04:16,280 --> 00:04:17,000 [INDISCERNIBLE] SYSTEM, 126 00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:18,640 ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE IMPACT 127 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:19,720 OF [INDISCERNIBLE] HORMONES AND 128 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:22,560 SEX CHROMOSOMES ON THE 129 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:24,040 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION 130 00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:25,560 AND ASSOCIATED VASCULAR AND 131 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:27,480 RENAL DISEASE. 132 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:28,680 AMONG NUMEROUS ACCOMPLISHMENTS, 133 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:31,200 LEADERSHIP ROLES AND,A WARDS, I 134 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:33,000 UNDERLINE SHE WAS THE FOUNDING 135 00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:34,800 PRESIDENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF 136 00:04:34,800 --> 00:04:36,200 THE STUDY SEX DIFFERENCES AND 137 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,520 PRESIDENT OF WOMEN IN NEPHROLOGY 138 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:42,280 AND RECEIVED AN AWARD FROM THE 139 00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:46,880 AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION. 140 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:49,840 DR. YOGEN KANTHI, IS A LASKER, 141 00:04:49,840 --> 00:04:51,000 INVESTIGATOR, DISTINGUISHED 142 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:54,320 SCHOLAR, AND COMEEF VASCULAR 143 00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:55,480 THROMBOSIS AND INFLAMMATION 144 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:57,480 LABORATORY AT THE NHLBI. 145 00:04:57,480 --> 00:04:59,760 HE UNDERSTANDS THE MOLECULAR 146 00:04:59,760 --> 00:05:01,800 SIGNALS THAT INTEGRATE IMMUNITY 147 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,120 IN CANNED WHAT NETWORKS WITH A 148 00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:08,600 GOAL OF DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENT 149 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:09,840 APPROACHES FROM INFLAMMATION, 150 00:05:09,840 --> 00:05:12,320 HIS THEME RECEIVED NHLBI 151 00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:14,840 DIRECTOR'S AWARD FOR INNOVATION, 152 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:16,240 HAS MADE SEMINOLE CONTRIBUTION 153 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:21,760 FOR THE BEDDING OF I CLOM BOYD 154 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:23,120 INFLAMMATION IN ASHING 19 AND 155 00:05:23,120 --> 00:05:23,840 I'M TAKE THANKSGIVING 156 00:05:23,840 --> 00:05:26,400 OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS OUR 157 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:27,600 XREERKZ FOR THEIR AVAILABLE 158 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:29,040 INVOLVEMENT IN ORGANIZE 8 HOURS 159 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:30,320 THIS WORKSHOP. 160 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:31,360 WITHOUT THEIR COMPLIMENTARY 161 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:32,640 EXPERTISE AND TREMENDOUS EFFORTS 162 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:36,200 WE WOULD NOT HAVE AS 163 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:37,600 COMPREHENSIVE AND STIMULATING AN 164 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:40,880 AGENDA AS WE HAVE TODAY. 165 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:41,360 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 166 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:44,840 I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK ALL 167 00:05:44,840 --> 00:05:46,840 MEMBERS OF THE NIH PLANS 168 00:05:46,840 --> 00:05:50,760 COMMITTEE WHICH AS YOU CAN SEE 169 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:52,520 REFLECT THE BROAD COLLABORATIVE 170 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:53,560 EFFORT IN ORGANIZING THIS 171 00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:54,080 WORKSHOP. 172 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,760 I HOPE YOU WILL ENJOY THE 173 00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:59,320 MEETING AND I HOPE WE HAVE 174 00:05:59,320 --> 00:05:59,880 DR. GOFF, HERE? 175 00:05:59,880 --> 00:06:02,760 I WOULD LIKE TO TURNOVER TO HIM? 176 00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:04,320 DR. GOFF IS DIRECTOR OF THE 177 00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:05,360 DIVISION OF CARDIOVASCULAR 178 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:07,080 SCIENCES AT THE NATIONAL HEART 179 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:09,440 LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE. 180 00:06:09,440 --> 00:06:16,560 TO GIVE HIS OPENING REMARKS, 181 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:16,960 DR. GOFF? 182 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,440 >> THANK YOU DR. VARAGIC, I AM 183 00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:20,640 HERE AND I'M DELIGHTED TO BE 184 00:06:20,640 --> 00:06:23,440 HERE TO WELCOME THIS GROUP FOR 185 00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:24,720 THIS PURPOSE. 186 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:27,880 I JUST LEFT A GROUP OF NEW 187 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:30,080 EMPLOYEES TO NHLBI WHO ARE GOING 188 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:31,840 THROUGH THEIR NEW EMPLOYEE KIND 189 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:33,520 OF ORIENTATION AND I HAVE TO 190 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:35,520 SAY, I'M KIND OF--I'M EXCITED 191 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:36,960 ABOUT THE NEW FOLK WHO IS ARE 192 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:38,400 JOINING US AT NHLABOUT, I 193 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:40,480 BECAUSE I THINK THEY WILL HELP 194 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:43,240 US MOVE OUR MISSION FORWARD IN 195 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:44,400 THIS AREA THAT WE'RE TALKING 196 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:46,120 ABOUT TODAY BUT ACROSS THE BOARD 197 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:47,640 IN OUR MISSION. 198 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:49,800 SO IF I'M BEAMING IT'S BECAUSE I 199 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,640 JUST LEFT A PLACE WHERE THERE 200 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:54,440 ARE ALSO SOME WONDERFUL FOLKS 201 00:06:54,440 --> 00:06:56,280 JOINING OUR TEAM AND I'M COMING 202 00:06:56,280 --> 00:07:00,680 TO A PLACE WHERE ALL OF YOU HAVE 203 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:02,280 ELECTED TO REALLY GIVE SOME TIME 204 00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:06,040 TO US AND TO OUR MISSION BY YOUR 205 00:07:06,040 --> 00:07:07,640 PARTICIPATION IN THIS REALLY 206 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:08,800 IMPORTANT WORKSHOP. 207 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:09,320 SO, THANK YOU. 208 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:11,400 WE KNOW YOU HAVE MANY WAYS YOU 209 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:14,040 COULD BE SPENDING YOUR TIME. 210 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:15,080 EVERYBODY'S REALLY BUSY TODAY 211 00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:16,280 AND CHOZZING TO SPEND YOUR TIME 212 00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:17,760 WITH US IN THIS WAY, MEANS A LOT 213 00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:19,960 TO US AND WE THINK IT'LL MEAN A 214 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:21,880 LOT TO THE PUBLIC IN TERMS OF 215 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:24,520 IMPROVED HEALTH AS WE WORK ON 216 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:25,480 TURNING DISCOVERY INTO HEALTH 217 00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:28,120 FOR THE NATION, ESPECIALLY I 218 00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:34,880 WANT TO THANK DR. SANBBERG AND 219 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:35,800 KANTHERI, BECAUSE THAT'S A 220 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:37,080 HIGHER LEVEL OF CONTRIBUTION IN 221 00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:38,200 TERMS OF TIME YOU'RE GIVING TO 222 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:38,920 THIS EFFORT. 223 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:41,240 SO REALLY APPRECIATE THAT. 224 00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:42,720 WE TAKE YOUR INPUT VERY 225 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:43,880 SERIOUSLY, FROM THIS WORKSHOP, 226 00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:48,560 HOW WILL WE USE IT? 227 00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:50,560 WELL, WE HOPE AT THE VERY LEAST, 228 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:53,440 WHEN YOU GO BACK HOME OR GO BACK 229 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:56,600 TO YOUR OFFICE AFTER THIS 230 00:07:56,600 --> 00:07:58,880 WORKSHOP, YOU'LL HAVE NEW IDEAS, 231 00:07:58,880 --> 00:08:01,920 NEW COLLABORATIONS, NEW 232 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:04,200 RELATIONSHIPS, AND YOU'LL PURSUE 233 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:05,280 NEW RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES TO 234 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:08,440 ADDRESS THESE IMPORTANT ISSUES, 235 00:08:08,440 --> 00:08:09,960 RELATED TO SEX AND GENDER 236 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:11,800 DIFFERENCES AND COVID THAT MAY 237 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:14,560 HAVE IMPACT WELL BEYOND COVID 238 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:16,360 INTO OTHER CONDITIONS RELATIVE 239 00:08:16,360 --> 00:08:18,360 TO HEART LUNG BLOOD AND SLEEP 240 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:19,480 AND BEYOND. 241 00:08:19,480 --> 00:08:21,440 YOU KNOW THE VAST MAJORITY OF 242 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:22,800 THE RESOURCES THAT WE USE TO 243 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:25,320 SUPPORT RESEARCH IN THE U.S. AND 244 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:27,200 BEYOND GO TO INVESTIGATOR 245 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:31,640 INITIATED PEER REVIEWED 246 00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:32,000 APPLICATIONS. 247 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:34,520 SO, YOU KNOW KEEP THEM COMING 248 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:34,760 IN. 249 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:36,280 I OFTEN TELL PEOPLE IT'S SIMPLE 250 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:38,880 TO GET MONEY FROM US, RIGHT A 251 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:39,960 GOOD APPLICATION, GIVE A GOOD 252 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:42,160 SCORE, WE LOVE TO GIVE MONEY 253 00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:44,160 AWAY, I DIDN'T SAY IT WAS EASY, 254 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:44,520 JUST SIMPLE. 255 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:47,160 BUT WE ALSO USE YOUR 256 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:49,400 RECOMMENDATIONS TO GET WORKSHOP 257 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:50,920 REPORTS OUT TO THE PUBLIC, SO WE 258 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:54,440 WANT TO GET THAT INFORMATION OUT 259 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:55,600 PROMPTLY WHILE IT'S STILL TIMELY 260 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:58,160 SO WE WILL BE WORKING TO GET A 261 00:08:58,160 --> 00:09:01,960 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND 262 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:03,800 SUGGESTIONS TO US ON OUR WEBSITE 263 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:05,720 IN THE NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE, 264 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:07,000 HOPEFULLY WITHIN A MONTH OR 2, 265 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:08,800 WE CAN GET AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 266 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:10,880 ON OUR WEBSITE TO SHARE WITH THE 267 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:11,600 EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY. 268 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:13,400 YOU MIGHT DECIDE YOU WANT TO 269 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:16,280 WRITE A WHITE PAPER FOR 270 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:17,920 PUBLICATION AND A SCIENTIFIC 271 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:18,640 JOURNAL, THAT'S GREAT. 272 00:09:18,640 --> 00:09:21,040 IF YOU DECIDE YOU WANT TO DO 273 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:24,680 THAT, WE'LL HELP SUPPORT THAT 274 00:09:24,680 --> 00:09:25,880 AND AGAIN WE WOULD LIKE TO GET 275 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:27,320 THAT DONE IN A TIMELY MANNER SO 276 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:35,160 THAT IT GETTINGS OUT TO THE 277 00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:36,240 COMMUNITY BEFORE THE CONCEPTS 278 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:37,840 ARE NO LONGER TIMELY SO WE WOULD 279 00:09:37,840 --> 00:09:38,640 APPRECIATE GETTING THAT OUT 280 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:44,760 QUICKLY TO IT IF YOU CHOOSE TO 281 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:45,480 DO THAT. 282 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:46,440 SOMETIMES WE PUT OUT 283 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:47,400 OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE INFORMED 284 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:49,000 BY THE INPUT THAT YOU GIVE US 285 00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:51,080 AND WE CAN'T DO THAT FOR EVERY 286 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:55,240 WORKSHOP WE HAVE, BUT TIMES WE 287 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:58,760 DO WHEN THERE'S ESPECIALLY AN 288 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:00,440 OPPORTUNITY ISSUE THAT IS ARISES 289 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:08,400 AND SO THAT MAY HAPPEN AS WELL. 290 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:10,120 WE ALSO HAVE A PROCESS WE CALL 291 00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:12,440 THE COLLECT PAY PROCESS, AND WE 292 00:10:12,440 --> 00:10:14,040 DO THIS AND OTHER INSTITUTES DO 293 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:16,240 THIS AS WELL WHERE WE HAVE SOME 294 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:17,920 FUNDS WE RESERVE TO BE ABLE TO 295 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:20,240 PICK UP SOME HIGHLY STRATEGIC 296 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:21,480 APPLICATIONS THAT MAYBE JUST ON 297 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:23,640 THE WRONG SIDE OF THE PAY LINE 298 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:28,040 THAT ARE HIGHLY ASLIEN WIDE A 299 00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:28,920 STRATEGIC PRIORITY. 300 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:30,160 SO THE IDEAS AND OPPORTUNITIES 301 00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:33,680 THAT YOU IDENTIFY MAY ALSO HELP 302 00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:35,480 INFORM OUR SELECT PAY DECISIONS. 303 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:36,280 SO THE POINT OF GOING THROUGH 304 00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:37,800 THAT IS TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF 305 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:39,040 HOW WE USE THE INFORMATION THAT 306 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:42,360 YOU PROVIDE TO US, HOW IMPORTANT 307 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:48,440 IT IS TO US IN OUR ABILITY TO 308 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:49,440 DRIVE THE MISSION. 309 00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:50,680 WITH NAI WANT TO GET OUT OF THE 310 00:10:50,680 --> 00:10:52,960 WAY SO CAN YOU GET INTO THE 311 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:53,680 WONDERFUL DISCUSSIONS YOU WILL 312 00:10:53,680 --> 00:10:55,760 BE HAVING, I THINK I TURN THE 313 00:10:55,760 --> 00:11:01,200 BATON BACK TO DR. VARAGICS OR ON 314 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:04,320 TO DR. SANDBERG AND CONFI, BUT 315 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:08,280 IN ANY CASE, I WILL BE THANKING 316 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:10,040 YOU FOR BEING HERE AND WHAT 317 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:10,480 YOU'RE CONTRIBUTING. 318 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:13,240 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 319 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:16,120 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH DR. GOFF, 320 00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:17,920 FOR YOUR OPENING REMARKS AND ALL 321 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:20,120 THE SUPPORT FOR THIS WORKSHOP. 322 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,240 AND WE HAVE A TIGHT TIMELINE FOR 323 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:24,880 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TO GO, BUT 324 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:25,160 THANK YOU. 325 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:26,120 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 326 00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:30,760 AND I WOULD LIKE NOW TO TURNOVER 327 00:11:30,760 --> 00:11:32,320 TO DR. JANINEAUSTIN CLAYTON 328 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:33,320 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH 329 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:34,360 ON WOMEN'S HEALTH AND DIRECTOR 330 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:36,240 OF THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON 331 00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:38,120 WOMEN'S HEALTH AT THE NATIONAL 332 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:48,440 INSTITUTE OF HEALTH. 333 00:11:58,360 --> 00:12:01,040 >> CAN YOU SEE THE SLIDE? 334 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:01,280 >> YES. 335 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:02,920 >> WELCOME TO THE WORKSHOP, I AM 336 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:04,920 PLEASED AND HONORED TO HELP OPEN 337 00:12:04,920 --> 00:12:07,880 THIS FIRST OF A KIND WORKSHOP, A 338 00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:10,080 COMPREHENSIVE LOOK AT HOW SEX 339 00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:12,560 AND GENDER INFLUENCE HOW 340 00:12:12,560 --> 00:12:15,480 COVID-19 AFFECTS A WIDE RANGE OF 341 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:16,080 HEALTH CONDITIONS. 342 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:17,960 AS WE BEGIN OUR 2 DAYS OF 343 00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:18,600 DISCUSSION, IT'S IMPORTANT THAT 344 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:20,200 WE UNDERSTAND THE WAY THAT NIH 345 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:22,920 THINKS ABOUT THE HEALTH OF 346 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:23,240 WOMEN. 347 00:12:23,240 --> 00:12:24,720 ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT 348 00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:25,960 DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PAST 30 349 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:27,680 YEARS HAS BEEN THE 350 00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:28,840 TRANSFORMATION OF WOMEN'S HEALTH 351 00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:30,640 FROM A NARROW FOCUS ON 352 00:12:30,640 --> 00:12:34,320 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH TO A BROADER 353 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:34,880 WHOLISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL 354 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:35,280 CONCEPT. 355 00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:36,400 MORE SPECIFICALLY THIS APPROACH 356 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:37,680 CONSIDERING THE INTERNAL AND 357 00:12:37,680 --> 00:12:40,760 EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT 358 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:42,720 WOMEN'S HEALTH FROM HEAD TO TOE 359 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:44,960 AS WELL AS ACROSS THE LIFE 360 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:45,160 FORCE. 361 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:46,840 INTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS SEX 362 00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:50,080 HAVE INFLUENCES AT GENETIC, IN 363 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,640 LECULAR, AND PHYSIOLOGIC LEVELS, 364 00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:55,440 OTHER FACTORS INCLUDING POLICY 365 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:56,880 AND OTHER SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 366 00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:59,320 HEALTH AFFECT THE HEALTH OF 367 00:12:59,320 --> 00:13:01,440 WOMEN, VERY MUCH RELATED TO THE 368 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:02,240 MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK IS 369 00:13:02,240 --> 00:13:04,640 THE CONSIDERATION HOW SEX AS A 370 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:07,160 BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE HAS AFFECTS 371 00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:10,920 AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF BIOLOGY. 372 00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:12,240 AS 1 UNDERSTANDS HOW SEX HAS 373 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:15,600 EFFECTS AT EACH OF THESE LEVELS, 374 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:17,040 IT BECOMES INCREASINGLY CLEAR 375 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:18,040 HOW IMPORTANT IT IS THAT THE 376 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:20,520 KNOWLEDGE BASE OF SEX AND GENDER 377 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:22,480 INFLUENCES BE TRANSLATED INTO 378 00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:24,160 EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS THAT WORK 379 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:27,440 FOR EVERYONE. 380 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:28,200 WOMEN AND MEN. 381 00:13:28,200 --> 00:13:30,000 APPLYING A SEX AND GENDER LENS 382 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,520 IS KEY TO UNDERSTANDING 383 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:32,800 COVID-19. 384 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:36,640 IT IS ALSO KEY TO TRANSLATING 385 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:37,880 KNOWLEDGE INTO INTERVENTIONS, 386 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:40,200 THEREFORE IT'S CRITICAL THAT WE 387 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:41,120 DEVELOP RESEARCH METHODS THAT 388 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:42,880 WILL INFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF 389 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:47,720 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE 390 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:50,000 TRANSMISSIBILITY AND 391 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,400 PATHOGENICITY OF SARS-COV-2 392 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:54,160 WHICH CONTRIBUTES ITSELF TO 393 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:55,920 INFECTIONS VERSUS LONG COVID AND 394 00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:57,360 RECURRENCE OF INFECTION, IT WILL 395 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:58,400 INFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE 396 00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:00,360 PATHOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE AT THE 397 00:14:00,360 --> 00:14:02,880 PRECLINICAL LEVEL AS WELL AS THE 398 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:06,280 HIGHLY VARIABLE CLINICAL 399 00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:07,400 PRESENTATIONS OF COVID-19. 400 00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:09,440 ACCOUNTING FOR SEX AND GENDER 401 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:10,520 INFLUENCES WILL CREATE 402 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:12,480 OPPORTUNITIES TO INTERVENE WITH 403 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,480 THE BEST DIAGNOSTICS AND EARLY 404 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:18,280 TREATMENT MODALITIES PRECISELY 405 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:19,520 TAILORED TO INDIVIDUALS AND 406 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:20,920 INTEGRATING SUCH A ROBUST AND 407 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:23,600 SEX AND GENDER AWARE APPROACH TO 408 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:26,920 OUR WORK ESTABLISHES RIGOR AND 409 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:28,160 RESILIENCE TO RESEARCH TO 410 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:30,600 ACCOUNT FOR FUTURE VARIANTS AND 411 00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:31,800 FUTURE VACCINATIONS, AND 412 00:14:31,800 --> 00:14:33,480 ENHANCES THE PRECISION OF 413 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:35,800 LABORATORY TESTS, AND THE 414 00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:37,240 VALIDITY AND FIDELITY OF 415 00:14:37,240 --> 00:14:39,560 BIOMARKERS NEEDED TO DETECT AND 416 00:14:39,560 --> 00:14:42,520 MONITOR DISEASE PROGRESSION FOR 417 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:42,800 EVERYONE. 418 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:45,160 FINALLY IT HAS THE POETIC 419 00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:46,800 PENTINE REGIMENNIAL TO ENHANCE 420 00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:47,840 EFFICACY DURING DIFFERENT STAGES 421 00:14:47,840 --> 00:14:49,480 OF DISEASE COURSE AND ILLNESS 422 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:51,880 AND 1 FINAL NOTE HERE ON BEST 423 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:53,880 PRACTICES, IT'S IMPERATIVE THAT 424 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:55,520 THAT LENS BE CONSIDERED AS WE 425 00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:58,200 FURTHER OUR INSIGHTS ON HOW TO 426 00:14:58,200 --> 00:14:59,520 CARE AND COORDINATE CARE FOR 427 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:03,000 BOTH ACUTE INFECTION AND LONG 428 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:04,840 COVID AND ITS INTERSECTIONS WITH 429 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:07,640 OTHER HEART, LUNG, BLOOD AND 430 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:08,800 SLEEP DISORDERS AND COMORBID 431 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:16,080 DISEASES OVER THE LIFE COURSE. 432 00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:17,920 AND THIS IS A WORLD WE IMAGINE. 433 00:15:17,920 --> 00:15:20,640 WE IMAGINE A WORLD WHERE SEX AND 434 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:23,920 GENDER ARE INTEGRATED ACROSS THE 435 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:25,120 RESEARCH CONTINUUM FROM 436 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:26,120 PRECLINICAL THROUGH 437 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:27,760 TRANSLATIONAL TO CLINICAL WORK, 438 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:30,440 TO SEX ANALYSIS, SEX SPECIFIC 439 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:32,560 REPORTING, AND HEALTHCARE THAT 440 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:36,840 ULTIMATELY LEADS TO HEALTHY 441 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:37,080 PEOPLE. 442 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:39,960 IMAGINE A WORLD WHERE THIS WAS 443 00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:42,080 ACTUALLY OCCURRING ACROSS THE 444 00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:42,440 SPECTRUM. 445 00:15:42,440 --> 00:15:44,000 WE'VE GOT TO TAKE 446 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:44,960 INTERSECTIONALITY INTO 447 00:15:44,960 --> 00:15:45,760 CONSIDERATION AS WELL. 448 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:48,160 SO SEX AND GENDER, RACE 449 00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:50,480 ETHNICITY, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS 450 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:54,480 HAVE--ARE SO IMPORTANT TO GET TO 451 00:15:54,480 --> 00:15:56,080 THAT CENTRAL CIRCLE WHERE WE 452 00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:57,080 HAVE HEALTHY PEOPLE. 453 00:15:57,080 --> 00:15:58,560 IN STATES AS DIFFERENTAGE 454 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:00,000 GEORGIA AND MICHIGAN, BLACK 455 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,440 WOMEN HAVE HIGHER MATERNAL 456 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:04,600 MORTALITY RATES FROM COVID-19 457 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:05,760 THAN DO WHITE MEN AND WE STILL 458 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:10,160 HAVE A LOT TO LEARN ABOUT SOCIAL 459 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:11,520 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH OR SHALL 460 00:16:11,520 --> 00:16:13,480 I SAY SICK CARE, THE SYSTEM WE 461 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:15,200 HAVE IN THE U.S. 462 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:18,920 WOMEN MAKE SEIVET% OF HEALTHCARE 463 00:16:18,920 --> 00:16:20,560 DECISIONS, HELT RELATED 464 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:22,600 DECISIONS AND HAVE SIGNIFICANT 465 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:23,480 INFLUENCES ON WHETHER CHILDREN 466 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:25,360 AND OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS RECEIVE 467 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:26,680 COVID-19 VACCINES FOR EXAMPLE. 468 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:29,680 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER HOW 469 00:16:29,680 --> 00:16:31,080 CRITICAL IT IS TO MEET PEOPLE 470 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:34,480 WHERE THEY ARE TO COLLABORATE 471 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:35,320 WITH TRUSTED MESSENGERS TO 472 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:36,520 DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN LONG-TERM 473 00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:37,280 RELATIONSHIPS IN COMMUNITIES AND 474 00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:39,640 BE OPEN TO NEW HEALTHCARE 475 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:42,120 DELIVERY MODELS INCLUDING THOSE 476 00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:43,240 INVOLVES COMMUNITY HEALTH 477 00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:50,960 WORKERS, FAITH BASED SETTINGS 478 00:16:50,960 --> 00:16:52,080 AND DIGITAL HEALTH. 479 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:55,240 THE ASHING 19 PANDEMIC HAS 480 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:55,600 AFFECTED WOMEN 481 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:56,040 DISPROPORTIONATELY. 482 00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,440 WOMEN MAKE UP THE MAJORITY OF 483 00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:00,880 FRONT LINE WORKERS, THEY KEPT US 484 00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:01,840 GOING THROUGH DELIVERING 485 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:04,240 GROCERIES OR PREPARING FOOD OR 486 00:17:04,240 --> 00:17:05,400 PERFORMING THE CUSTODIAL WORK TO 487 00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:10,080 KEEP HOSPITALLING AND WORKPLACES 488 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:11,960 SAFE AND CLEAN, TAKE WOMEN IN 489 00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:14,800 THE BIOMEDICAL WORKFORCE, THEY 490 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:16,160 REPORTED WORK HOURS, INCREASED 491 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:17,400 CARE GIVING RESPONSIBILITIES AND 492 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:19,400 THEY'RE LEAVING THE BIOMEDICAL 493 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:19,800 WORKFORCE. 494 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:24,200 THIS PANDEMIC HAS EXACERBATED 495 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:24,400 THAT. 496 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:25,480 PREEXISTING ECONOMIC HEALTH AND 497 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:28,040 THE CARE GIVING CRISIS THAT HAVE 498 00:17:28,040 --> 00:17:28,640 DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED 499 00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:30,640 WOMEN LONG BEFORE THE PANDEMIC 500 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:30,880 STRUCK. 501 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:32,720 THIS HAS LED TO BURN OUT AND 502 00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:33,040 STRESS. 503 00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:35,680 SO WE NOT ONLY HAVE TO CONTEND 504 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:36,720 WITH THE STRESSORSOT HEALTHCARE 505 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:38,840 SYSTEM, BUT WE ALSO NEED TO 506 00:17:38,840 --> 00:17:41,160 EVALUATE OUR APPROACH TO 507 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:48,440 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INCLUDING 508 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:51,080 THAT ON COVID-19. 509 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:52,760 ONE FINAL OBSERVATION, TODAY'S 510 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,080 WORKSHOP SO EXCITING BECAUSE IT 511 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:57,360 COMBINES CROSS DISCIPLINARY 512 00:17:57,360 --> 00:17:58,160 RESEARCH AND TRANSLATIONAL 513 00:17:58,160 --> 00:17:58,640 RESEARCH. 514 00:17:58,640 --> 00:18:00,840 THAT'S THE FUTURE. 515 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:01,720 LOOK AT THE AMAZING SESSION 516 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,680 TITLES AND THEIR TOPICS, THEY 517 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:06,360 RANGE FROM SEX DISPARITIES IN 518 00:18:06,360 --> 00:18:07,960 COVID-19 OUTCOMES TO SOCIAL 519 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,400 DETERMINANTS OF IMPACT ON GENDER 520 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:12,360 RELATED HEART LUNG AND BLOOD 521 00:18:12,360 --> 00:18:14,520 SLEEP OUTCOMES AND PREGNANCY AND 522 00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:18,240 OTHER CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE 523 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:18,840 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SARS-COV-2. 524 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:20,720 EACH AND EVERY 1 OF THESE TOPICS 525 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:23,200 COULD BE ITS OWN MEETING AND 526 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:24,000 CROSS DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES 527 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,600 EXPOSE RESEARCHERS TO THE FULL 528 00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:28,000 SPECTRUM INCLUDED. 529 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,640 I'LL END BY SAYING, 530 00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:31,920 INCORPORATING SEX AND GENDER 531 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:33,120 ACROSS THE RESEARCH CONTINUUM 532 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:36,240 HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ADVANCE 533 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:38,440 RIGOR, DISCOVERY, INNOVATION AND 534 00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:42,680 EQUITY IN COVID-19 RESEARCH AND 535 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:46,720 BEYOND. 536 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:47,000 THANK YOU. 537 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:48,440 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH 538 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:49,760 DR. CLAYTON FOR YOUR OPENING 539 00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:50,960 REMARKS AND UNDERLYING SO NICELY 540 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:53,040 WHY WE NEED TO CONSIDER SEX AND 541 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:54,800 GENDER CONTEXT IN STUDY DESIGN, 542 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:56,360 COLLECTION, ANAM SIS AND 543 00:18:56,360 --> 00:18:59,840 REPORTING OF RESEARCH DATA. 544 00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:01,480 I WOULD LIKE NOW TO TURN THIS 545 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:05,280 MEETING OVER TO OUR CO CHAIRS 546 00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:07,520 DR. SANBERG AND DR. KANTHI. 547 00:19:07,520 --> 00:19:11,200 >> GOOD MORNING EVERYBODY, IT'S 548 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:17,200 A REAL PLEASURE TO CO CHAIR THIS 549 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:26,360 WHOLE MEETING WITH JASMINA AND 550 00:19:26,360 --> 00:19:26,960 DR. KANTHI. 551 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:29,160 I HAVE TO FIRST SAY SOMETHING 552 00:19:29,160 --> 00:19:30,120 THAT HASN'T BEEN SAID YET. 553 00:19:30,120 --> 00:19:33,000 I THINK IT WAS MARCH SEVENTH, 554 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:38,880 YOU CAN CORRECT ME BUT IT WAS 555 00:19:38,880 --> 00:19:41,520 MARCH 7th THAT JASMINA, THAT 556 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:42,560 WE HAD A CONSIDERATION ABOUT 557 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:44,240 WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT PUTTING 558 00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:47,880 ON THIS WORKSHOP ON SEX AND 559 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:48,920 GENDER WITH COVID-19, IT COULD 560 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:50,560 BE IN JUNE BUT THEN WE COULD DO 561 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:51,880 IT IN SEPTEMBER AND WHAT DO YOU 562 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:53,320 THINK, SO IF WAS A NORMAL PERSON 563 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,760 I WOULD SAY WHAT ARE YOU CRAZY, 564 00:19:55,760 --> 00:19:57,200 I MEAN REALLY CAN WE REALLY PUT 565 00:19:57,200 --> 00:19:58,600 TOGETHER A MEETING IN 3 MONTH? 566 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:03,840 S AND THEN I REALIZED OH YES, 567 00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:07,200 THIS IS--THIS IS JASMINA, THE 568 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:08,840 WOMAN I MET AT WAKE FOREST WHEN 569 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:11,600 HE WAS ON THE FACULTY AND I SAID 570 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:14,200 OH YEAH, YOU CAN DO IT IN JUNE. 571 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:15,720 JUST THINK ABOUT PUTTING 40 572 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:16,760 PEOPLE, SCIENTISTS ALL OVER THE 573 00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:17,880 WORLD AND MEETING WITH EACH 1 574 00:20:17,880 --> 00:20:19,320 AND TALKING WITH EVERYONE AND 575 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:25,080 ORGANIZING WITH THE MODERATORS 576 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:25,920 IS A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF WORK 577 00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:28,680 AND I THINK WE ALL OWE THIS 578 00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:31,040 TERRIFIC MEETING TO JASMINA, AND 579 00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:33,000 ALL THE OTHER ORGANIZERS WERE 580 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:34,960 VERY, VERY IMPORTANT BUT REALLY 581 00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:39,120 WE HAVE TO ACKNOWLEDGE JASMINA'S 582 00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:40,760 GREAT CONTRIBUTION AND I ALSO 583 00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:42,480 ROLELY AM THRILLED ABOUT BEING 584 00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:47,040 PART OF THIS BECAUSE DR. CLAYTON 585 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:48,280 I'VE BEEN WORKING WITH HER FOR 586 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:50,720 MANY YEARS AND YOU KNOW SHE'S 1 587 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:52,600 OF OUR GREAT AMBASSADORS FOR SEX 588 00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:54,000 AND GENDER RESEARCH AND IT'S 589 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,120 SUCH AN HONOR TO BE--TO BE 590 00:20:56,120 --> 00:20:58,240 INVOLVED IN ANYTHING THAT SHE 591 00:20:58,240 --> 00:20:58,520 SUPPORTS. 592 00:20:58,520 --> 00:20:59,880 SO I WOULD LIKE TO TURN IT OVER 593 00:20:59,880 --> 00:21:04,440 AT THIS POINT TO MY CO-CHAIR AND 594 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:06,160 THEN I WILL INTRODUCE OUR 595 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:07,360 MODERATOR AND KEY NOTE SPEAKER 596 00:21:07,360 --> 00:21:10,640 FOR OUR FIRST SESSION. 597 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:10,960 DR. KANTHI? 598 00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:13,120 >> WONDERFUL, THANK YOU 599 00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:15,840 DR. SANDBERG AND TO THE NHLBI 600 00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:18,080 FOR THEIR SUPPORT AND 601 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:18,400 PARTICIPATION. 602 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:20,520 MOST IMPORTANTLY I WANT TO 603 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:21,760 ACKNOWLEDGE THE PLANNING 604 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,640 COMMITTEE AND KEY MEMBERS, WHO 605 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:25,920 LIFTED THIS WORKSHOP FROM 606 00:21:25,920 --> 00:21:27,320 CONCEPT TO EXECUTION IN A VERY 607 00:21:27,320 --> 00:21:28,760 SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. 608 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:29,440 AND CERTAINLY IT'S DIFFICULT 609 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:32,000 TASK IN THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT 610 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:33,120 AS DR. GOFF MENTIONED WE ALL 611 00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:35,720 HAVE A LOT OF THINGS TO DO, BUT 612 00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:38,360 THE THEY ACCOMPLISH THIS WITH 613 00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:38,960 INNOVATIVE IDEAS, PERSISTENT 614 00:21:38,960 --> 00:21:41,480 HARD WORK AND MAYBE SOME 615 00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:43,680 CAFFEINE BUT THEY REALLY DO HAVE 616 00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:44,760 A REMARKABLABILITY TO REACH 617 00:21:44,760 --> 00:21:46,040 ACROSS DIFFERENT FIELDS AND 618 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:47,080 CONNECT WITH EXPERTS LIKE 619 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:48,160 YOURSELF WHICH IS VITAL TO 620 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:50,800 CONTRIBUTING TO THE SUCCESS OF 621 00:21:50,800 --> 00:21:51,160 THIS WORKSHOP. 622 00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:54,000 I ALSO WANT TO THANK PARTNERS AT 623 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,160 SYNERGY FOR FACILITATING THE 624 00:21:55,160 --> 00:21:56,480 INFRASTRUCTURE OF THIS WORKSHOP 625 00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:58,200 AND HELPS US CONNECT WITH YOU 626 00:21:58,200 --> 00:21:58,440 REMOTELY. 627 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:00,520 I ENJOYED HEARING THE OPENING 628 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:05,520 REMARKS FROM DR. DAVID GOFF, AND 629 00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:06,600 DR. JANINE, AUSTIN, CLAYTON 630 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:07,800 WHICH SETS THE STAGE FOR THE 631 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:08,320 WORKSHOP. 632 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:09,720 WE HAVE A DYNAMITE PROGRAM 633 00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:12,920 AHEAD, STARTING WITH A KEY NOTE 634 00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:17,240 LECTOR BY DR. OERTELT-BRIGIONE, 635 00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:19,720 THIS WILL ADDRESS THE 636 00:22:19,720 --> 00:22:20,400 EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND 637 00:22:20,400 --> 00:22:22,160 CLINICAL STUDIES OF SEX AND 638 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:23,080 GENDER SPECIFIC NUANCES OF 639 00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:24,560 COVID-19 AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO 640 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:26,600 STEP BACK AND THINK A LITTLE BIT 641 00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:28,120 ABOUT WHAT COVID IS DOING. 642 00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:30,200 IT'S TEACHING US MORE THAN JUST 643 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:33,560 WHAT HAPPENS WITH SARS-COV-2 644 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:37,760 INFECTION, IT'S TEACHING US 645 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:39,120 ABOUT PHYSIOLOGY, SOCIETAL 646 00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:40,720 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, 647 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:42,320 COLLECTING DATA, CLINICAL TRIALS 648 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:46,640 AND HOW WE INTERPET ALL THIS IN 649 00:22:46,640 --> 00:22:50,680 THE OUR SOCIETY, THE GOAL IS TO 650 00:22:50,680 --> 00:22:51,680 IFENT THIS AND CLOSE GAPS. 651 00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:52,920 WE WANT TO BRING THIS TOGETHER 652 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:54,200 TO A SINGLE FORM AND THANK TO 653 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:57,600 YOU PARTICIPANT WHO IS ARE HERE 654 00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,600 TO REMIND US OF THE POTENTIAL 655 00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:01,480 IMPACT TO ADVANCE HUMAN HEALTH. 656 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:04,360 SO IN PURSUIT OF THIS GOAL, OUR 657 00:23:04,360 --> 00:23:05,440 AUDWHY ENSEL ARE VITAL TO THE 658 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:06,760 SUCCESS OF THE WORKSHOP, I 659 00:23:06,760 --> 00:23:09,000 ENCOURAGE TO YOU ENGAGE WITH OUR 660 00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:10,120 SPEAKERS, MAKING COMMENTS, 661 00:23:10,120 --> 00:23:11,600 ASKING QUESTIONS, PARTICIPATE 662 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:12,400 NOTHING THE DISCUSSION PERIODS 663 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:14,440 TO BRING YOURED WHYS UP FOR 664 00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:15,520 DISCUSSION AND AS YOU HEARD, 665 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:16,400 THERE WILL BE 2 BREAK OUT 666 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:17,880 SESSIONS TOMORROW THAT WILL BE 667 00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:20,120 VERY ENGAGING AND WE HOPE THAT 668 00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:21,560 AS DR. GOFF MENTIONED EARLIER, 669 00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:22,840 YOU WILL LEAVE WITH NEW IDEAS, 670 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,800 NEW RELATIONSHIPS AND NEW 671 00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:26,160 COLLABORATIONS. 672 00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:27,200 SO THANK YOU AND I WILL STOP 673 00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:31,360 HERE AND HAND IT BACK TO 674 00:23:31,360 --> 00:23:31,720 DR. SANDBERG. 675 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:34,400 >> THANK YOU DR. KANTHI FOR 676 00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:36,000 GIVING US AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT 677 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:37,560 THE WORKSHOP WILL BE NOW I WILL 678 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:46,760 INTRODUCE OUR MODERATOR FOR THE 679 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:49,800 KEY NOTE LECTURE, SADIYA, KHAN, 680 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:51,120 SHE'S THERE AT THE FINE BERG 681 00:23:51,120 --> 00:23:53,120 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NORTHWESTERN. 682 00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:55,240 HER CLINICAL EXPERTISE AND FOCUS 683 00:23:55,240 --> 00:23:58,160 IN RESEARCH IS ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, 684 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:00,040 PREVENTION AND GENETICS OF HEART 685 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:02,000 FAILURE AND SHE PARTICULARLY IS 686 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:06,000 INTERESTED ON SEX SPECIFIC RISK 687 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:06,480 FACTORS. 688 00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:08,320 DR. KAHN'S RESEARCH SPANS THE 689 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:09,840 SPECTRUM FROM PRECLINICAL BASIC 690 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:11,000 RESEARCH TO HUMAN CLINICAL 691 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:13,760 TRIALS AND POPULATION BASED 692 00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:14,160 EPIDEMIOLOGY. 693 00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:18,920 AND HER ROLE ON THE LOOKING AT 694 00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:20,440 THE GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION AND 695 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:21,920 HEALTH DISPARITIES HAS 696 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:22,880 DEMONSTRATED THERE ARE 697 00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:23,920 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN A 698 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,480 VARIETY OF HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT 699 00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:29,360 ARE BASED ON GEOGRAPHY AND THESE 700 00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:30,840 INCLUDE CARDIO METABOLIC 701 00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:41,280 DISEASES, LUNG DISEASE AND 702 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:50,760 COVID-19. 703 00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:52,560 --WE WILL HEAR FROM HER LATER 704 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:54,360 ON, AND HER RESEARCH HAS BEEN 705 00:24:54,360 --> 00:24:56,560 SUPPORTED BY MANY GRANTS WITH 706 00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:58,440 THE NATIONAL INTUITYS OF HEALTH. 707 00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:00,960 WHAT'S AMAZING ABOUT DR. KAHN, 708 00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,240 ONLY RECENTLY SHE WAS AN EARLY 709 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:05,400 STAGE INVESTIGATOR BUT IT 710 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:06,760 DOESN'T REALLY MAKE SENSE SINCE 711 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,040 SHE'S ALREADY PUBLISHED OVER 180 712 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:09,640 PEER REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC 713 00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:11,240 PUBLICATIONS AND THESE ARE IN 714 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:13,680 OUR TOP MEDICAL JOURNALS AND HER 715 00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,720 WORK IS HAS BEEN CITED OVER 716 00:25:16,720 --> 00:25:19,640 NEARLY 10,000 TIMES AND IS 717 00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:20,800 ASSOCIATE EDITOR FOR A KEY 718 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,920 JOURNAL IN OUR FIELD, JAMA 719 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:25,520 CARDIOLOGY AND SERVES AS VICE 720 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:28,400 CHAIR OF THE AMERICAN HEART 721 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:29,000 ASSOCIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY 722 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:30,400 PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE SO WE'RE 723 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:33,440 REALLY THRILLED SHE'S GOING TO 724 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:36,760 MODERATE THIS KEY NOTE LECTURE 725 00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:45,520 WHICH BRINGS ME TOO D 726 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:46,480 R. SABINE OERTELT-PRIGIONE, AND 727 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:48,200 SHE'S A PHYSICIAN, RESEARCH AND 728 00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:48,400 COACH. 729 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:50,520 SHE'S CHAIR OF GENDER AND 730 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:52,560 PRIMARY TRANSMURAL CARE AT THE 731 00:25:52,560 --> 00:25:53,520 [INDISCERNIBLE] UNIVERSITY IN 732 00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:55,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] IN THE 733 00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:55,760 NETHERLANDS. 734 00:25:55,760 --> 00:25:58,600 SHE'S ALSO PROFESSOR OF SEX AND 735 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:00,440 GENDER SENSITIVE MEDICINE ADDED 736 00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:01,840 THE UNIVERSITY OF 737 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:02,400 [INDISCERNIBLE] IN GERMANY. 738 00:26:02,400 --> 00:26:06,280 SHE'S A MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN 739 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:09,640 UNION COMMISSION EXPERT GROUP 740 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:11,800 CALLED GENDERED INNOVATIONS 2 741 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:13,640 AND SHE'S CURRENTLY CHAIR OF THE 742 00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:17,600 EXPERT GROUP GENDER AND 743 00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:17,840 COVID-19. 744 00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:19,800 HER RESEARCH AND ON TD 745 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:22,200 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEX AND GENDER 746 00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:22,880 SENSITIVE RESEARCH THROUGHOUT 747 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:24,480 THE ANAL SILLS OF PRACTICES, 748 00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:26,680 DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS AND 749 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:29,280 ENGAGEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS OF 750 00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,880 VERY, VERY IMPORTANT, IMPORTANT 751 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:32,920 ROLE IN SCIENCE. 752 00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:36,240 SHE'S ALSO DEVELOPED SEVERAL 753 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,160 OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES FOR SEX 754 00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:39,360 AND GENDER SENSITIVE RESEARCH 755 00:26:39,360 --> 00:26:41,760 SPANNING FROM DATABASES TO OPEN 756 00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:43,080 ACCESS BOOKS AND METHOD LOGICAL 757 00:26:43,080 --> 00:26:44,840 TOOL BOXES AND I CAN SAY AS A 758 00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:47,040 USER OF THESE THAT I--I HAVE 759 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:54,640 CITED HER OFTEN IN MY PRESENT 760 00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:54,960 ANTICIPATIONS. 761 00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:56,720 IN ADDITION TO ACTIVITIES SHE 762 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:59,360 ALSO HELPS WITH ORGANIZATIONS 763 00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:00,960 FOR IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES 764 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:02,600 AGAINST GENDER DISCRIMINATION 765 00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:02,960 AND HARASSMENT. 766 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:04,120 IT'S SUCH A WONDERFUL 767 00:27:04,120 --> 00:27:13,360 OPPORTUNITY FOR US TO HEAR FROM 768 00:27:13,360 --> 00:27:15,440 DR. OERTELT-PRIGIONE, ON THE 769 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:17,280 OVERVIEW OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF 770 00:27:17,280 --> 00:27:20,040 COVID-19 FOCUSING ON SEX AND 771 00:27:20,040 --> 00:27:21,680 GENDER. 772 00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:23,360 >> WELL, DR. SANDBERG FOR SUCH A 773 00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:23,840 WONDER OF INTRODUCTION. 774 00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:27,160 THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME AND 775 00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:29,120 IT'S WONDERFUL TO BE HERE AND 776 00:27:29,120 --> 00:27:30,200 EXCHANGE HERE AND LEARN FROM YOU 777 00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:33,160 ALL, A LOT OF PEOPLE COULD GIVE 778 00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:36,400 THE KEY NOTE SO I'M THRILLED AND 779 00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:37,600 HONORED FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY. 780 00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:41,160 AS I SAID BEFORE, I AM AT THE 781 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:43,360 MOMENT CHAIRING A EUCOMMISSION 782 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:47,360 EXPERT GROUP CALLED THE GENDER 783 00:27:47,360 --> 00:27:48,480 DIFFERENCESSER AND COVID-19 784 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:50,360 ACTIVITY, SO MAYBE IT WILL GIVE 785 00:27:50,360 --> 00:27:51,520 US DISCUSSION LATER ON BUT THIS 786 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:56,480 IS NOT THE MAIN TOPIC I'LL BE 787 00:27:56,480 --> 00:27:57,240 ADDRESSING TODAY. 788 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:59,000 TODAY I WILL BE TALKING ABOUT 789 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,520 BROAD TERMS IN SEX AND GENDER 790 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:02,400 AND HOW THEY DO AND CAN INTERACT 791 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:05,280 WITH COVID-19 AND I WILL BRIEFLY 792 00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:07,240 START WITH A TERMINOLOGY JUST SO 793 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:09,240 WE'RE ALL ON THE SAME PAGE OF 794 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:10,840 WHAT WE WILL BE DISCUSSING THESE 795 00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:13,000 DAYS AND I WILL BREFLY IMPACT 796 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:14,280 THE POINTS OF SEX ON OF COURSE 797 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:16,520 19 AND THEN I WILL MOVE ON TO 798 00:28:16,520 --> 00:28:18,280 SOME GENDER ASPECTS OF COVID-19, 799 00:28:18,280 --> 00:28:19,920 OF COURSE I'VE BEEN GIIVE 20 800 00:28:19,920 --> 00:28:21,800 MINUTES SO I WON'T BE ABLE TO GO 801 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:24,320 IN DEPTH, BUT I HOPE TO GIVE YOU 802 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:25,960 SEVERAL POINTS WE CAN PICK UP 803 00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:27,400 THROUGHOUT THE DISCUSSION AND WE 804 00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:29,200 COULD POTENTIALLY COME BACK TO I 805 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:30,920 WILL START BY SAYING A FEW 806 00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:32,960 THINGS ABOUT THE INTERSECTION OF 807 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:34,720 CONTENT AND CONTEXT IN RESEARCH 808 00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:35,560 ESPECIALLY IN THIS CONTEXT. 809 00:28:35,560 --> 00:28:39,040 NOW I WOULD LIKE TO START WITH 810 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:41,280 THIS SLIDE WHICH IS A FIGURE 811 00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:42,760 FROM [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 812 00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:44,720 COLLEAGUES PUBLISHED IN THE 813 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:46,240 LANCET EDITION IN GENDER AND 814 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:47,640 HEALTH IN 2019. 815 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:49,320 I CAN ONLY RECOMMEND THIS 816 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:50,440 EDITION WITH MULTIPLE 817 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:52,360 PUBLICATIONS TACKLING ALL KINDS 818 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:53,760 OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF SEX AND 819 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:54,760 GENDER AND HEALTH AND I THINK 820 00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:56,280 THIS IS A REALLY GOOD SUMMARY OF 821 00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:57,880 WHAT WE WILL BE ADDRESSING. 822 00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:03,800 SO AS DR. CLAYTON MENTIONED, 823 00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:05,360 THIS HAS IS WHAT WE WILLUC 824 00:29:05,360 --> 00:29:06,600 TALKING ABOUT MOSTLY IN THESE 2 825 00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:07,880 I DAS, I WOULD ASSUME. 826 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:10,240 WE ARE ALL BORN WITH THESE 827 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:11,520 FEATURES, WHAT WE MOSTLY ANALYZE 828 00:29:11,520 --> 00:29:13,880 IN THIS FIELD OF STUDYING SEX 829 00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:23,840 SPECIFIC FACTORS ARE GENES, 830 00:29:23,840 --> 00:29:25,280 GONADS OR GENITALIAL, SOME CAN 831 00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:27,200 BE INFLUENCED SUCH AS HORMONES 832 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:30,320 OTHERS SUCH AS GENES CAN ONLY BE 833 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:31,480 MARGINALLY CHANGED. 834 00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:32,640 BUT THEN HOWEVER, WE ARE BORN 835 00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:34,880 INTO A SOCIAL WORLD, WE DON'T 836 00:29:34,880 --> 00:29:36,920 LIVE IN ISOLATION, IN THIS WORLD 837 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:38,600 WHERE WE GROW UP AND INTERACT 838 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:40,000 WITH OTHERS THERE ARE POWER 839 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:41,440 STRUCTURES AND NORMS AND THESE 840 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:42,600 ARE WHAT CONSTITUTES GENDER AND 841 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:44,320 IT STARTS ALREADY IN OUR 842 00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:45,240 FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT, THEN IT 843 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:47,880 MOVES ON TO OUR COMMUNITIES, THE 844 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:49,280 INSTITUTIONS WE LEARN IN, WE 845 00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:51,040 STUDY IN, WE WORK IN, FURTHER 846 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,400 MORE THORS THE STRUCTURES AND 847 00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:54,960 POLICIES THAT GOVERN OUR 848 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:55,760 COUNTRIES, THE DECISIONS ARE 849 00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:56,960 BEING MADE AT A POLITICAL LEVEL 850 00:29:56,960 --> 00:29:59,560 AND ALL OF THESE IN 1 WAY OR 851 00:29:59,560 --> 00:30:01,040 ANOTHER, CONSCIOUSLY OR 852 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:02,240 UNCONSCIOUSLY OFFER SOME 853 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:05,880 GENDERED ASPECT TO IT WHICH IN 854 00:30:05,880 --> 00:30:08,360 INTERACTION WITH OTHER ASPECTS, 855 00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:09,160 INTERSECTIONALITY HAS BEEN 856 00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:10,280 MENTIONED BEFORE LEAD TO THE 857 00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:12,360 FACTS THAT DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS 858 00:30:12,360 --> 00:30:14,560 IN OUR SOCIETIES HAVE DIFFERENT 859 00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:15,880 OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADING A 860 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,440 HEALTHY LIFE AND HAVE DIFFERENT 861 00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:20,040 ACCESS TO HEGHT CARE. 862 00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:21,880 AS MENTIONED BEFORE AND AS 863 00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:23,080 ENVISIONED HERE, THESE FACTORS 864 00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:27,280 CAN BE ABILITY, AGE, CLASS, RACE 865 00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:28,640 AND ETHNICITY AND WHICH WOULD 866 00:30:28,640 --> 00:30:33,160 DETERMINE HOW FAR AS INDIVIDUALS 867 00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:34,560 WE HAVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE, WE 868 00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:36,000 HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD 869 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:37,440 HEALTHY LIVES OR THESE THINGS 870 00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:38,960 ARE DENIED TO US AND WE'RE 871 00:30:38,960 --> 00:30:42,240 EXPOSED TO SOME FORM OF INEQUITY 872 00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:43,560 OR POTENTIAL DISCRIMINATION IN 873 00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:44,080 HEALTHCARE. 874 00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:46,760 NOW, HOW DOES THAT RELATE TO 875 00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:47,320 COVID-19. 876 00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:48,400 SO WE MOVE DIRECTLY TO THE 877 00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:51,960 SUBJECT WE WILL BE TACKLING IN 878 00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:53,920 THE NEXT 2 DAYS, THIS IS A 879 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:56,000 SUMMARY OF SLIDES LOOKING AT THE 880 00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:57,880 MOMENT OF INFECTION AND HOW FAR 881 00:30:57,880 --> 00:30:59,120 YOU COULD POTENTIALLY SPLIT 882 00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:00,880 THESE TOPICS INTO SEX RELATED 883 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:04,120 FACTORS AND GENDER RELATED 884 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:04,520 FACTORS. 885 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:07,680 AS YOU SEE HERE, THESE ARE 886 00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:08,240 EMOTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL 887 00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:10,000 INTERACTIONS THAT WE CAN STUDY 888 00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:11,560 THAT CAN HAVE SEX SPECIFIC 889 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:13,200 ASPECTS RELATED TO THEM 890 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:14,440 POTENTIALLY TO SEX DIFFERENCES 891 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:16,360 ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE YOU SEE A 892 00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:18,280 LOT OF GENDER RELATED FACTORS, 893 00:31:18,280 --> 00:31:20,120 AS I SAID MOSTLY CONNECTED TO 894 00:31:20,120 --> 00:31:22,160 THE MOMENT OF INFECTION, SO WHO 895 00:31:22,160 --> 00:31:24,440 GETS EXPOSED, WHO HAS ACCESS TO 896 00:31:24,440 --> 00:31:27,680 TESTING, TO POTENTIAL THERAPIES 897 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:28,320 AND SO FORTH. 898 00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:30,680 WE WILL USE A BIT OF THIS SCHEME 899 00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:31,240 THROUGHOUT THE TALK. 900 00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:32,920 WHAT THIS ALSO SHOWS US AS THE 901 00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:34,320 FIGURE BEFORE IS THAT THERE ARE 902 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:35,720 SEVERAL LAYERS WE CAN TAKE INTO 903 00:31:35,720 --> 00:31:38,920 ACCOUNT HERE AND I WOULD SAY 904 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:40,520 THAT THE SEX SPECIFIC RESEARCH 905 00:31:40,520 --> 00:31:42,600 THAT WE WILL MOSTLY BE 906 00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:44,000 DISCUSSING IS MOSTLY OF THE 907 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:44,720 CONTENT LAYER WE'RE TALKING 908 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,400 ABOUT BUT HOWEVER THIS IS HIGH 909 00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:48,680 HE INFLUENCED BY CTEXT 910 00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:50,760 LAYER, WHERE GENDER MIGHT BE 911 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:53,240 MORE RELEVANT IN WHICH IS 912 00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:54,400 INTERTWINED WITH THE CONTENT 913 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:55,800 LAYER SO WE'LL TALK BRIEFLY 914 00:31:55,800 --> 00:31:56,760 ABOUT BOTH OF THOSE. 915 00:31:56,760 --> 00:31:59,640 LET'S START WITH THE CONTENT. 916 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:01,920 NOW NOW THIS IS A GOOD SUMMARY 917 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:04,840 RESOURCE FOR ANYBODY LOOKING FOR 918 00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:06,360 SEX DISA AGGREGATED DATA I WOULD 919 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:09,320 RECOMMEND YOU HAVE A LOOK AT THE 920 00:32:09,320 --> 00:32:11,120 GLOBAL HEALTH 5050 INITIATIVES 921 00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:14,040 THAT HAS BEEN TRACKING COVID SEX 922 00:32:14,040 --> 00:32:14,880 DISAGGREGATED NUMBERS SINCE THE 923 00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:16,560 LAST 2 YEARS, THIS WAS 924 00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:17,360 SPEARHEADED MOSTLY BY SARRA 925 00:32:17,360 --> 00:32:19,240 HAWKS OUT OF LONDON, WITH 926 00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:20,240 SEVERAL OTHER COLLEAGUES WHO 927 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:23,400 HAVE BEEN WORKING MOSTLY FOR 928 00:32:23,400 --> 00:32:24,000 FREE ON THIS. 929 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:25,200 TO MAKE THIS DATA AVAILABLE TO 930 00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:27,440 US ALL, SO WE SHOULD ALL BE VERY 931 00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:29,640 GRATEFUL TO THEM, WHAT IT 932 00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:31,040 SUMMARIZES IS AGGREGATED 933 00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:32,960 INTERNATIONAL DATA AND IT'S 934 00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:33,800 IMPORTANT TO SAY THAT BECAUSE IF 935 00:32:33,800 --> 00:32:35,920 WE LOOK AT THAT IN A MORE 936 00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:37,680 NUANCED FASHION, WE MIGHT SEE 937 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:39,520 DIFFERENT PICTURES, HOWEVER IF 938 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:40,960 WE ELECTRIC AT INTERNATIONAL 939 00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:41,840 AGGREGATED DATA THERE IS ABOUT 940 00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:44,720 THE SAME NUMBER OF CASE KASP A R 941 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:45,840 IN BIOLOGICAL FEMALES AND 942 00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:47,680 BIOLOGICAL MALE WHEN IS WE START 943 00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:51,320 LOOKING HOWEVER AT THE CLINICAL 944 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:52,200 ASPECT, HOSPITALIZATIONS ICU 945 00:32:52,200 --> 00:32:53,920 ADMISSIONS AND DEATH, WE SEE 946 00:32:53,920 --> 00:33:01,280 DEFINITELY HIGHER NUMBERS IN 947 00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:01,520 MALES. 948 00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:05,040 NOW THIS IS RELATIVELY WELL 949 00:33:05,040 --> 00:33:06,440 KNOWN, THIS IS 2 YEARS INTO THE 950 00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:08,000 PANDEMIC, THIS IS THE 951 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:08,880 AVAILABILITY OF SEX 952 00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:10,040 DISAGGREGATED DATA WHICH YOU CAN 953 00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:11,320 ALSO FIND ON THE WEBSITE I 954 00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:12,520 MENTIONED BEFORE AND WHAT YOU 955 00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:15,920 SEE HERE IN GREEN OTHER 956 00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:17,320 COUNTRIES ARE PROVIDING 957 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:18,360 AGGREGATED DATA ON CASES AND 958 00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:19,640 DEATH AND HAVE PROVIDED THESE IN 959 00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:22,160 THE LAST 2 MONTHS, YELLOW 960 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:23,960 PROVIDED 1 OF THE 2 AND RED HAVE 961 00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:25,320 PROVIDED NEITHER OF THE 2. 962 00:33:25,320 --> 00:33:26,720 SO EVEN AFTER 2 YEARS THERE IS 963 00:33:26,720 --> 00:33:28,640 STILL A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES THAT 964 00:33:28,640 --> 00:33:30,520 DON'T GIVE US ENOUGH DATA SO 965 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:32,520 THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY 966 00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:35,760 INVESTIGATOR THE SEX DIFFERENCE. 967 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:38,040 NOW WHEN IT COMES TO COVID-19 968 00:33:38,040 --> 00:33:39,320 RIGHT FROM THE START WHEN 969 00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:40,680 FINDING OUT THAT THE RECEPTOR OF 970 00:33:40,680 --> 00:33:45,280 THIS VIRUS WAS THE ACE 2 971 00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:45,840 RECEPTOR POSITIONEDOT 972 00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:47,000 X-CHROMOSOME, IT WAS QUITE 973 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:48,720 LIKELY AND SPORTSMANSHIPPED BY 974 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:50,320 WHAT MANY SCIENTISTS WORK 975 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:52,760 NOTHING THE FIELD THAT THERE 976 00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:54,240 WOULD BE DIFFERENCES FOR THE 977 00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:55,320 VIRUS, I THINK THESE WILL BE 978 00:33:55,320 --> 00:33:56,600 MENTION TD THROUGHOUT THE 979 00:33:56,600 --> 00:33:57,840 WORKSHOPS, I WON'T GO INTO 980 00:33:57,840 --> 00:33:59,480 DETAILS BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL 981 00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:00,400 FACTORS CONNECTED TO SEX 982 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:01,720 DIFFERENCES WHO ARE ALREADY 983 00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:03,400 PREDICTABLE IN THE BEGINNING AS 984 00:34:03,400 --> 00:34:05,440 I SAID, THE RECEPTOR ON THE 985 00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:07,880 X-CHROMOSOME IS 1 OF THEM, OTHER 986 00:34:07,880 --> 00:34:09,280 MOLECULES CONNECTED TO THE 987 00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:11,440 INTEGRATION OF THE VIRUS INTO 988 00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:14,040 THE CELLS ARE RELEVANT. 989 00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:14,880 INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE WAS 990 00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:17,600 ALREADY A TARGET IN THE 991 00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:19,120 BEGINNING, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 992 00:34:19,120 --> 00:34:22,120 MORE RECEPTORS RELEVANT HERE, WE 993 00:34:22,120 --> 00:34:24,920 ALREADY KNEW THAT TLR7 IS QUITE 994 00:34:24,920 --> 00:34:26,160 RELEVANT IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 995 00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:28,160 AND HAS BEEN ASSOCIATE WIDE SEX 996 00:34:28,160 --> 00:34:29,760 DIFFERENCES IN AUTOIMMUNE 997 00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:30,800 DECEASE DISEASES AND ALSO 998 00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:32,440 PEESHED ON THE X-CHROMOSOME AND 999 00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:33,960 WE HAVE SEEN WITH THE RESEARCH 1000 00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:35,800 GOING ON IN THE LAST 2 YEARS 1001 00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:37,280 THAT THERE'S ALSO SEX 1002 00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:41,800 DIFFERENCES IN ADAPTIVE IMMUNE 1003 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:42,160 RESPONSE. 1004 00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:43,240 NOW THESE DIFFERENCES HAVE IN 1005 00:34:43,240 --> 00:34:44,960 PART AT LEAST EXPLAINED SOME OF 1006 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:46,480 THE CLINICAL DIFFERENCES WE'VE 1007 00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:48,480 SEEN AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, THE 1008 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:50,880 NUMBERS, AT LEAST IN THE FIRST 3 1009 00:34:50,880 --> 00:34:54,920 WAVES, I WOULD SAY WE HAVE SEEN 1010 00:34:54,920 --> 00:34:56,400 THESE PATTERNS OF MORE MEN 1011 00:34:56,400 --> 00:34:57,240 POTENTIALLY DYING OF THE 1012 00:34:57,240 --> 00:34:59,520 DISEASE, MORE NEED FOR INVASIVE 1013 00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:02,160 THERAPY, MORE NEED FOR 1014 00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:04,120 HOSPITALIZATION, ALTHOUGH AS I 1015 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:05,680 SAID, THIS IS AGGREGATED DATA 1016 00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:07,600 AND WE'RE DEFINITELY SEEING A 1017 00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:08,720 SHIFT IN CHANGE HERE. 1018 00:35:08,720 --> 00:35:10,360 NOW AS LARGER NUMBERS IN THE 1019 00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:12,600 POPULATION ARE BEING VACCINATED 1020 00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:14,720 AND AS ALSO THE VARIANTS OF 1021 00:35:14,720 --> 00:35:16,200 CONCERN THAT ARE EMERGING 1022 00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:17,800 POTENTIALLY HAVE A SLIGHTLY 1023 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:19,080 DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR, THIS MIGHT 1024 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:22,040 AS WELL CHANGE AND WE SEE 1025 00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:25,200 FORTUNATELY AT LEAST IN HIGHLY 1026 00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:26,360 VACCINATED POPULATIONS, A 1027 00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:27,760 DECREASE OF HOSPITALIZATION AND 1028 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:29,280 NEED FOR INVASIVE THERAPY, THIS 1029 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:32,120 OF COURSE DOES NOT APPLY TO 1030 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:33,080 UNVACCINATED INDIVIDUALS BUT 1031 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,320 WITH THESE CHANGES IN THE VIRUS 1032 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,560 AND IMMUNOLOGY, AT THE 1033 00:35:38,560 --> 00:35:39,760 POPULATION LEVEL WE MIGHT SEE 1034 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:40,480 DIFFERENT PAT E-PRESCRIBINGS ALL 1035 00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:41,200 THE TIME. 1036 00:35:41,200 --> 00:35:45,040 ONE THAT IS ALREADY EMERGING AS 1037 00:35:45,040 --> 00:35:45,400 LONG COVID. 1038 00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:47,240 LONG COVID IS A COMBINATION THAT 1039 00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:49,520 IS STILL BEING DEFINED OF 1040 00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:51,440 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYMPTOMS THAT 1041 00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:51,840 CAN CLUSTER. 1042 00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:56,080 THEY CAN AFFECT THE 1043 00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:56,880 CARDIOVASCULAR, NEUROLOGICAL, 1044 00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:57,960 GASTROINTESTINAL AND COGNITIVE 1045 00:35:57,960 --> 00:35:58,240 SYMPTOMS. 1046 00:35:58,240 --> 00:35:59,920 THEY SEEM TO BE MORE PREVALENT 1047 00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:00,960 IN WOMEN, AT LEAST FROM WHAT 1048 00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:02,920 WE'RE SEEING RIGHT NOW FROM 1049 00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:05,600 WORLD WIDE DATA ESPECIALLY ALSO 1050 00:36:05,600 --> 00:36:06,400 PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO THERE 1051 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:08,720 SEEM TO BE DIFFERENT EFFECTS 1052 00:36:08,720 --> 00:36:09,360 COMING TOGETHER. 1053 00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:10,720 WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO SAY AND 1054 00:36:10,720 --> 00:36:13,200 THIS WAS ALREADY MENTIONED BY 1055 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:14,440 DR. CLAYTON INITIALLY IS THAT WE 1056 00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:16,320 ALSO NEED TO TAKE INTO 1057 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:17,000 CONSIDERATION THAT AGGREGATED 1058 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:18,720 DATA ARE NOT VERY SPECIFIC WHEN 1059 00:36:18,720 --> 00:36:20,400 WE LOOK AT SPECIFIC GROUPS. 1060 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:21,280 SO FOR EXAMPLE, FROM DATA FROM 1061 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,200 THE U.S. AND THE UK AND OTHER 1062 00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:25,280 COUNTRIES, IF WE LOOK AT 1063 00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:26,720 SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS 1064 00:36:26,720 --> 00:36:27,680 AND ETHNIC MINORITIES WE WILL 1065 00:36:27,680 --> 00:36:29,480 SEE THAT THESE SIMPLE 1066 00:36:29,480 --> 00:36:31,400 DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN MEN AND 1067 00:36:31,400 --> 00:36:33,080 WOMEN DON'T WORK QUITE THIS WAY 1068 00:36:33,080 --> 00:36:37,640 ONCE WE TAKE OTHER FORMS OF 1069 00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:38,560 DISADVABTAGE INTO ACCOUNT AND 1070 00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:39,840 MIGHT ACTUAL LOAMACYY REVERSE 1071 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:43,960 THE TRENDS THAT WE'RE SEEING. 1072 00:36:43,960 --> 00:36:45,080 OF COURSE WHAT WE'RE INTERESTED 1073 00:36:45,080 --> 00:36:47,000 IN AND THIS IS WORK THAT HAS 1074 00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:48,280 BEEN PUBLISHED LAST YEAR 1075 00:36:48,280 --> 00:36:49,560 TOGETHER WITH MY COLLEAGUES IN 1076 00:36:49,560 --> 00:36:50,960 DENMARK THAT YOU SEE MENTIONED 1077 00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:55,080 HERE, WE WERE INTERESTED IN HOW 1078 00:36:55,080 --> 00:36:57,680 FAR OUR PRACTICE ACTUALLY CHANGE 1079 00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:00,080 WIDE SO MUCH ATTENTION TO SEX 1080 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:00,360 DIFFERENCES. 1081 00:37:00,360 --> 00:37:02,960 SO WOO BEING LOOKED AT A NUMBER 1082 00:37:02,960 --> 00:37:07,120 OF LARGE REGISTERED TRIALS FROM 1083 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:08,320 COVID-19 2020-2021, MORE THAN 1084 00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:09,920 5000 STUDIES AND WE LOOKED 1085 00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:10,960 SPECIFICALLY HOW FAR THEY 1086 00:37:10,960 --> 00:37:13,120 MENTIONED SEX AND GENDER AS 1087 00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:15,200 RECRUITMENT CRITERIA AND HOW FAR 1088 00:37:15,200 --> 00:37:16,560 THE REPORTED INTENTION TO 1089 00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:19,040 CONSIDER SEX AND GENDER UPON 1090 00:37:19,040 --> 00:37:19,320 ANALYSIS. 1091 00:37:19,320 --> 00:37:21,120 NEEDLESS TO SAY IT WAS QUITE 1092 00:37:21,120 --> 00:37:23,200 DEPRESSING, ABOUT 1 IN 5 1093 00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:24,120 EXPLICITLY MENTIONED SEX AND 1094 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:25,800 GENDER AND 1 IN 2 OF THESE 1095 00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:27,240 STUDIES SAID IT WOULD LOOK AT 1096 00:37:27,240 --> 00:37:29,000 SEX AND GENDER UPON ANALYSIS. 1097 00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:31,800 OF COURSE, NOT ALL STUDIES ARE 1098 00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:32,720 REGISTERED, ARE ACTUALLY CARRIED 1099 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:34,280 OUT OR COME TO AN END. 1100 00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:37,000 WE ALSO LOOKED AT THE CLINICAL 1101 00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:38,200 PHARMAICOLOGICAL TRIALS THAT 1102 00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:39,600 WERE PUBLISH INDEED JANUARY 2021 1103 00:37:39,600 --> 00:37:42,320 AND IN THAT CASE, WE SAW AN 1104 00:37:42,320 --> 00:37:43,880 IMPROVEMENT, SO FROM 1 IN 20, WE 1105 00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:46,200 GOT TO 1 IN 5 BUT THAT STILL 1106 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:47,640 MEANS THAT IN ABOUT 80% OF THE 1107 00:37:47,640 --> 00:37:51,080 CASES WE DIDN'T HAVE ANY SEX 1108 00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:51,720 DISAGGREGATED INFORMATION AND 1109 00:37:51,720 --> 00:37:52,880 PROBABLY 1 OF THE MOST 1110 00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:53,840 DEPRESSING THINGS WAS THAT GOING 1111 00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:58,120 THROUGH THAT YEAR WITH MORE AND 1112 00:37:58,120 --> 00:37:59,400 MORE INFORMATION ABOUT POTENTIAL 1113 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:00,840 EFFECTS DIFFERENCES WITH THE 1114 00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:03,440 CONFIRMATION OF DIFFERENCES IN 1115 00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:04,120 EPIDEMIOLOGY, THE PATTERNS 1116 00:38:04,120 --> 00:38:05,480 DIDN'T CHANGE, SO THE INCLUSION 1117 00:38:05,480 --> 00:38:07,080 WAS ABOUT THE SAME. 1118 00:38:07,080 --> 00:38:09,280 ONE ACCOUNTED OF COURSE SAY, 1119 00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:11,600 WELL, THINGS ARE GETTING BETTER 1120 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:13,280 AS WE MOVE FORWARD, THEY DO BUT 1121 00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:16,400 TO A CERTAIN DEGREE, THIS IS 1122 00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:19,880 DATA PUBLISHED BY THE DUTCH AND 1123 00:38:19,880 --> 00:38:20,560 NATIONAL PHARMAICOLOGICAL 1124 00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:21,600 ORGANIZATION TOGETHER WITH 1125 00:38:21,600 --> 00:38:23,680 COLLEAGUES FROM THE EMA, LOOKING 1126 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:27,640 AT AVAILABILITY OF HERE, SEX 1127 00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:28,320 SPECIFIC SAFETY INFORMATION OF 1128 00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:30,560 THE 6 DRUGS OR VACCINES THAT ARE 1129 00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:34,640 LICENSED IN EUROPE. 1130 00:38:34,640 --> 00:38:37,440 THE DATA FROM KD--SALLY ARE 1131 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:38,800 PROPRIETARY, IS A PLUS AS WELL, 1132 00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:40,560 BUT IN 50% OF THESE CASES 2 1133 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:42,400 MONTHSS AGO, WE HAVE SEX 1134 00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:43,600 SPECIFIC SAFETY INFORMATION AT 1135 00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:44,320 THE E-MAIL LEVEL. 1136 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:46,080 SO THERE'S STILL A LOT TO DO. 1137 00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:47,600 ON NOW LET'S MOVE ON TO THE 1138 00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:51,680 CONTEXT LEVEL TO PUT THIS IN A 1139 00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:52,440 SOMEWHAT BROADER PERSPECTIVE. 1140 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:54,960 THIS IS JUST TO SHOW YOU WHICH 1141 00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:58,400 AREAS CAN BE AFFECTED BY GENDER. 1142 00:38:58,400 --> 00:38:59,720 I'M OF COURSE NOT GOING TO GO 1143 00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:01,000 INTO DETAIL OF ALL OF THESE, WE 1144 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:02,560 DON'T HAVE THE TIME FOR THAT BUT 1145 00:39:02,560 --> 00:39:05,200 THIS IS JUST TO SHOW IN HOW FAR 1146 00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:07,000 AND HOW PERVASIVE GENDER ASPECTS 1147 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,200 ARE AND HOW FAR THEY AFFECT ALL 1148 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:09,920 OF THESE DOMAINS. 1149 00:39:09,920 --> 00:39:11,440 LET'S START WITH 1 OF THE MOST 1150 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:13,280 OBVIOUS 1S WE ALL EXPERIENCED, 1151 00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:15,840 SOMEWHAT THROUGHOUT THE 1152 00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:17,280 PANDEMIC, WELL, THE BALANCE 1153 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:18,200 BETWEEN WORK AND CARE. 1154 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:20,360 THIS IS DATA THAT IS 1155 00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:22,800 PREPANDEMIC, SO IT'S DATA FROM 1156 00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:23,480 THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR 1157 00:39:23,480 --> 00:39:24,920 ORGANIZATION IN THE YEAR 2018 1158 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:28,040 THAT SHOWS US THAT WORLD WIDE, 1159 00:39:28,040 --> 00:39:30,320 NOT ONLY DO MEN SPEND LESS TIME 1160 00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:32,240 WORKING THAN WOMEN BUT MOST 1161 00:39:32,240 --> 00:39:33,560 IMPORTANTLY, THEY SPEND MUCH 1162 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:35,720 MORE TIME IN PAID WORK WHILE THE 1163 00:39:35,720 --> 00:39:37,200 AMOUNT OF PAID WORK DONE BY 1164 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:39,600 WOMEN WORLD WIDE AND AGAIN THIS 1165 00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:41,000 IS AGGREGATED GATE DATA IS MUCH 1166 00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:42,200 SMALLER THAN THAT OF MEN. 1167 00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:44,080 NOW COMING FROM THAT, WE MOVED 1168 00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:46,040 TO THE PANDEMIC AND THIS IS DATA 1169 00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:48,800 FROM THE FIRST WAVE INI ITALY AS 1170 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:50,520 YOU KNOW ITALY HAS BEEN HIT VERY 1171 00:39:50,520 --> 00:39:52,400 HARD BY THE FIRST WAVE. 1172 00:39:52,400 --> 00:39:55,080 THIS IS DATA FROM HETEROSEXUAL 1173 00:39:55,080 --> 00:39:56,840 COUPLES DURING THE APRIL 2020 1174 00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:59,640 LOCK DOWN, ITALY HAS HAD VERY 1175 00:39:59,640 --> 00:40:00,680 INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE LOCK 1176 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:02,760 DOWNS, AND WHAT YOU SEE HERE, 1177 00:40:02,760 --> 00:40:06,480 THESE ARE HETEROGENEOUSERY ON 1178 00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:07,640 SEXUAL COUPLES HOW FAR THAT 1179 00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:11,520 SPEND TIME IN HOUSE WORK AND 1180 00:40:11,520 --> 00:40:11,800 CHILDCARE. 1181 00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:14,000 YOU HAVE WOMEN SAID IT WAS QUITE 1182 00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:14,760 A SIGNIFICANT INCREASEOT OTHER 1183 00:40:14,760 --> 00:40:16,840 HAND HERE YOU HAVE THE PARTNERS 1184 00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:18,240 THAT ALSO MENTIONED A 1185 00:40:18,240 --> 00:40:19,040 SIGNIFICANT INCREASE ALTHOUGH 1186 00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:20,480 HERE MORE IN CHILDCARE ON THE 1187 00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:23,040 WOMEN'S SIDE, MORE IN HOUSE 1188 00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:23,280 WORK. 1189 00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:24,680 BUT IT WAS OF COURSE TO LOOK AT 1190 00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:27,320 WHAT WAS IT LIKE BEFORE THE 1191 00:40:27,320 --> 00:40:29,200 PANDEMIC AND WHAT WE SEE HERE IS 1192 00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:30,880 THAT ABOUT 20% OF THE PARTNERS 1193 00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:34,080 THEY SPENT 0 HOURS, DURING THE 1194 00:40:34,080 --> 00:40:37,160 DAY IN HOUSE WORK OR CHILDCARE, 1195 00:40:37,160 --> 00:40:39,600 ABOUT 50% OF THEM HAD 0 TO 1 1196 00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:41,000 HOUR OF CHILDCARE AND HOUSE 1197 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:41,200 WORK. 1198 00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:43,400 IN THE CASE OF THE WOMEN ABOUT 1199 00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:46,200 50% OF THEM SAID I SPEND 1-2 1200 00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:47,400 HOURS IN CHILDCARE AND HOUSE 1201 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,600 WORK AND THE OTHER PERCENTAGES 1202 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:51,760 DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY SOAL WE SEE 1203 00:40:51,760 --> 00:40:54,120 AN INCREASE ON BOTH SIDES, THE 1204 00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:54,720 STARTING POINT WAS QUITE 1205 00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:55,880 DIFFERENT AND OF COURSE THAT 1206 00:40:55,880 --> 00:40:57,760 IMPACTS AND THAT DOESN'T JUST 1207 00:40:57,760 --> 00:40:59,160 IMPACT PEOPLE WORKING IN SERVICE 1208 00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:04,720 JOBS FOR EXAMPLE, AS WE SEE HERE 1209 00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:07,160 IT OF COURSE IMPACTED US IN 1210 00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:08,640 ACADEMIA, COME AND THIS IS DATA 1211 00:41:08,640 --> 00:41:09,880 FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE 1212 00:41:09,880 --> 00:41:11,280 PANDEMIC SO JANUARY TO 1213 00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:13,160 APRIL 2020 WHERE WE COULD 1214 00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:14,680 RAPIDLY SEE AN INCREASE IN 1215 00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:16,040 PUBLICATION IN OUR MALE 1216 00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:17,120 COLLEAGUES, SOMEWHAT LESS THAN 1217 00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:18,400 OUR FEMALE COLLEAGUES AND WE'VE 1218 00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:20,120 SEEN QUITE DISCIPLINARY 1219 00:41:20,120 --> 00:41:21,320 RENTIATED TRENDS THROUGHOUT THE 1220 00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:21,680 PANDEMIC. 1221 00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:22,640 MOST REEL KEEPSAKES VABT IS WE 1222 00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:24,280 HAVE LOST A LOT OF TALENTED 1223 00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:26,880 COLLEAGUES TO THE PANDEMIC AM IN 1224 00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:27,240 MULTIPLE WAYS. 1225 00:41:27,240 --> 00:41:28,880 AND WE HAVE LOST A LOT OF 1226 00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:30,720 COLLEAGUES TO THE PANDEMIC IN 1227 00:41:30,720 --> 00:41:41,280 THE ACADEMIC FIELD AND THIS HAS 1228 00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:51,080 HIT DISPROPORTIONATELY WOMEN. 1229 00:41:51,080 --> 00:41:53,280 --ABOUT 30% AS YOU SEE HERE FROM 1230 00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:57,120 SOME SELECTED COUNTRIES 1231 00:41:57,120 --> 00:41:58,080 THROUGHOUT THE WORLD THIS WAS 1232 00:41:58,080 --> 00:42:00,080 MOSTLY AT THE TIME OF LOCK DOWNS 1233 00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:01,480 BUT ALSO IN GENERAL THROUGHOUT 1234 00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:03,480 THE PANDEMIC, THE ROOT CAUSES 1235 00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:05,200 ARE PROBABLY VERY DIVERSE 1236 00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:07,960 RANGING FROM CHANGING GENDER 1237 00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:08,520 ROLES, INSECURITY, STRESS, 1238 00:42:08,520 --> 00:42:10,080 UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE FUTURE, 1239 00:42:10,080 --> 00:42:11,880 BUT WE CAN OF COURSE ALL SAY 1240 00:42:11,880 --> 00:42:12,720 THESE MIGHTING CAUSES BUT NONE 1241 00:42:12,720 --> 00:42:15,600 OF THEM CAN BE A JUSTIFICATION 1242 00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:26,120 FOR INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE. 1243 00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:36,000 THIS IS WORK BY COLLEAGUES VERY 1244 00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:37,400 DIVERSE GROUP AMONG RPGHTS ALSO 1245 00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:39,480 WITH WOMEN IN GLOBAL HEALTH THAT 1246 00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:42,920 LOOKED AT 27 COUNTRIES AND 1247 00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:43,920 IDENTIFIED 115 COVID-19 DECISION 1248 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:48,960 MAKING BODIES AND THEY LOOKED AT 1249 00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:49,360 GENDER PARENTING. 1250 00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:51,360 WHAT TURNED OUT WAS THAT 85% 1251 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:53,800 WERE MAJORITY MEN AND ONLY 1252 00:42:53,800 --> 00:42:54,240 ABOUT 1253 00:42:54,240 --> 00:42:56,600 MAKING BODY AND GENDER PARITY 1254 00:42:56,600 --> 00:42:58,440 WAS OPERATIONALIZED BETWEEN 40 1255 00:42:58,440 --> 00:42:59,120 AND 60%. 1256 00:42:59,120 --> 00:43:00,200 WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF 1257 00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:01,480 COURSE YOU NEED TO SIT AT THE 1258 00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:04,520 TABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS TO SET 1259 00:43:04,520 --> 00:43:11,080 PRIORITIES AND TO POETIC TEBTIAL 1260 00:43:11,080 --> 00:43:11,600 LYE SUGGEST SOLUTION. 1261 00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:12,960 I WOULD LIKE TO INCLUDE THIS 1262 00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:13,920 BECAUSE IT'S IMPORTANT IN 1263 00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:15,240 RESEARCH, AS WE 'EM BARK INTO 1264 00:43:15,240 --> 00:43:17,000 THESE 2 DAYS LOOKING AT SEX AND 1265 00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:18,160 GENDER DIFFERENCES AND THE 1266 00:43:18,160 --> 00:43:19,960 RELEVANCE OF SEX AND GENDER FOR 1267 00:43:19,960 --> 00:43:27,480 COVID-19, I WOULD LIKE TO REMIND 1268 00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:35,600 YOU OF THIS PUBLICATION LOOKING 1269 00:43:35,600 --> 00:43:37,280 AT WOMEN IN A FULL AUTHOR OF 1270 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:38,440 RESEARCHERS ON THE IMPACT OF 1271 00:43:38,440 --> 00:43:39,760 THAT ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF 1272 00:43:39,760 --> 00:43:45,040 FINDING SEX AND GENDER SENSITIVE 1273 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:45,960 ANALYSIS IN THE PUBLICATION I 1274 00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:47,400 DON'T THINK I NEED TO SAY MUCH 1275 00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:48,840 HERE, THE LIKE HE HOOD IS MUCH 1276 00:43:48,840 --> 00:43:53,800 HIGHER AND ALSO HERE 1277 00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:54,760 REPRESENTATION DOES HAVE AN 1278 00:43:54,760 --> 00:43:56,760 IMPACT ON THE TOPICS RESEARCHED 1279 00:43:56,760 --> 00:43:57,640 AND THE PRIORITIES BEING 1280 00:43:57,640 --> 00:43:58,840 ASSESSED AND WITH THAT I THANK 1281 00:43:58,840 --> 00:43:59,760 YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION 1282 00:43:59,760 --> 00:44:01,800 AND LOOKING FORWARD TO YOUR 1283 00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:11,800 QUESTIONS AND TO A VERY EXCITING 1284 00:44:11,800 --> 00:44:12,160 DAY, THANK YOU. 1285 00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:14,760 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SETTING 1286 00:44:14,760 --> 00:44:16,480 THE STAGE IN WHERE WE ARE AND 1287 00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:17,920 WHERE WE NEED TO GO TO ADDRESS 1288 00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:19,960 SEX AND GENDENER COVID-19 BUT 1289 00:44:19,960 --> 00:44:21,680 ALSO BROADLY IN CARDIOVASCULAR 1290 00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:23,760 DISEASES AND HAD HEART, LUNG, 1291 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:25,560 BLOOD AND SLEEP DISORDER AS 1292 00:44:25,560 --> 00:44:27,160 WELL, 1 OF THE POINTS YOU MADE 1293 00:44:27,160 --> 00:44:29,840 STRUCK ME IN TERMS OF ORDER TO 1294 00:44:29,840 --> 00:44:38,560 ADDRESS INIQUITIES WE NEED TO 1295 00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:39,840 DESCRIBE INIQUITIES OR DESCRIBE 1296 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:40,040 THEM. 1297 00:44:40,040 --> 00:44:41,400 AND CAN YOU SPEAK TO WHAT 1298 00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:42,360 SOLUTIONS MAY BE AVAILABLE TO 1299 00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:43,840 HELPING TO ADDRESS THIS BARRIER 1300 00:44:43,840 --> 00:44:52,080 IN SEX SPECIFIC REPORTING? 1301 00:44:52,080 --> 00:44:55,320 >> YEAH, WELL, I THINK WHEN WE 1302 00:44:55,320 --> 00:44:56,720 LOOK AT THE DAILY BASIS THE 1303 00:44:56,720 --> 00:44:58,600 BECAUSE IT WAS AN IMPORTANT 1304 00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:01,360 MOMENT FOR ACTION AND IT HAS 1305 00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:03,800 BEEN PICKED UP BY QUITE A NUMBER 1306 00:45:03,800 --> 00:45:05,360 OF BODIES IN SEVERAL LEGISLATE 1307 00:45:05,360 --> 00:45:07,000 OURS IN EUROPE, BY THE EUROPE 1308 00:45:07,000 --> 00:45:09,040 COMMISSION, IT ENDED UP AT THE 1309 00:45:09,040 --> 00:45:10,680 E-MAIL AS WELL SO I CONTINUING 1310 00:45:10,680 --> 00:45:12,400 MOVED A BIT, SO IT IS FIRST OF 1311 00:45:12,400 --> 00:45:13,680 ALL IMPORTANT TO DESCRIBE THIS 1312 00:45:13,680 --> 00:45:18,760 BUT IT ALSO SHOWED US THAT WE 1313 00:45:18,760 --> 00:45:20,680 ARE 'EM BARKING ON A PROCESS AND 1314 00:45:20,680 --> 00:45:22,040 WE'RE IMPROVING BUT THERE'S A 1315 00:45:22,040 --> 00:45:22,440 LOT TO DO. 1316 00:45:22,440 --> 00:45:25,000 SO A LOT OF FOCUS ON THE MOMENT 1317 00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:26,640 IS ON THE NUMBER OF WOMEN AND 1318 00:45:26,640 --> 00:45:29,320 MEN INCLUDED AND TENTIALLY 1319 00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:30,720 GENDER DIVERSE PEOPLE, THIS 1320 00:45:30,720 --> 00:45:31,920 WASN'T MENTIONED IN MOST OF 1321 00:45:31,920 --> 00:45:35,880 THESE STUDIES AT ALL. 1322 00:45:35,880 --> 00:45:38,280 SO WE'RE MOSTLY LOOKING AT THAT 1323 00:45:38,280 --> 00:45:39,720 AND TRYING TO ACHIEVE 1324 00:45:39,720 --> 00:45:41,000 REPRESENTATION, WE'RE DOING 1325 00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:42,400 BETTER BUT WE'RE NOT WHERE WE 1326 00:45:42,400 --> 00:45:44,200 WOULD LIKE TO BE BUT DEFINITELY 1327 00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:45,240 IMPROVED OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS 1328 00:45:45,240 --> 00:45:47,040 BUT I THINK THE NEXT STEP AND 1329 00:45:47,040 --> 00:45:47,800 THAT'S DEFINITELY A RIECIAL 1 1330 00:45:47,800 --> 00:45:51,360 WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT 1331 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:53,440 THIS THERAPEUTICS IS ARE THEYA 1332 00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:54,800 AS EFFECTEDDIVE IN WOMEN AND MEN 1333 00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:56,240 OR ARE THERE DIFFERENCES IN SIDE 1334 00:45:56,240 --> 00:45:57,880 EFFECTS AND THIS DATA WHICH I 1335 00:45:57,880 --> 00:46:03,040 THINK FROM A CLINICAL STANDPOINT 1336 00:46:03,040 --> 00:46:03,920 IS REALLY CRUCIAL WAS NOT 1337 00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:05,320 AVAILABLE IN MOST OF THESE 1338 00:46:05,320 --> 00:46:05,680 STUDIES. 1339 00:46:05,680 --> 00:46:07,000 WE DO KNOW WHAT'S INCLUDED. 1340 00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:08,960 WE HAVE A TABLE THAT SEPARATES 1341 00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:10,120 OUT WHO'S INCLUDED AND IF THERE 1342 00:46:10,120 --> 00:46:11,160 ARE DIFFERENCES BUT WHEN WE MOVE 1343 00:46:11,160 --> 00:46:21,560 ON TO THE ANALYSIS, THERE'S 1344 00:46:21,560 --> 00:46:22,560 STILL TO DO THIS. 1345 00:46:22,560 --> 00:46:25,240 SO BY THE TEEM I KNOW WHO'S 1346 00:46:25,240 --> 00:46:26,440 INCLUDED DOING AGGREGATE AFALSIS 1347 00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:28,200 AND PUTTING THEM IN THE 1348 00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:29,040 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES WOULD BE 1349 00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:29,680 POSSIBLE BUT WE HAVEN'T SEEN 1350 00:46:29,680 --> 00:46:30,960 THAT AND I THINK THIS IS 1351 00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:32,480 DEFINITELY SOMETHING THAT WOULD 1352 00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:33,640 BE EASILY ACTIONABLE AND COULD 1353 00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:38,720 PROVIDE US WITH A LOT MORE DATA 1354 00:46:38,720 --> 00:46:41,240 THAT WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR NOW 1355 00:46:41,240 --> 00:46:41,760 FOR EXAMPLE. 1356 00:46:41,760 --> 00:46:42,880 >> IT'S EXCELLENT AND WE HAVE A 1357 00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:44,560 COMMENT IN THE CHAT AS ABOUT, 1358 00:46:44,560 --> 00:46:46,160 THE IMPORTANCE OF REPORTING NOT 1359 00:46:46,160 --> 00:46:48,640 JUST BY SEX BUT BY GENDER 1360 00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:50,080 IDENTITY AND INSURING WE HAVE AN 1361 00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:51,600 UNDERSTANDING OF NOT JUST THE 1362 00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:59,000 BIOLOGY AND PERHAPS HOW COVID-19 1363 00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:00,880 MAY DIFFER BASED ON OUTCOMES AND 1364 00:47:00,880 --> 00:47:02,240 HOSPITAL TREATMENTS AND IT MAKES 1365 00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:02,800 SENSE AS WELL. 1366 00:47:02,800 --> 00:47:06,080 AS WE WILL TALK LATER ON ABOUT 1367 00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:07,320 BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1368 00:47:07,320 --> 00:47:09,160 SEXES FOR COVID-19 THAT 1369 00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:10,120 THERAPIES MAY BE DIFFERENT AND 1370 00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,920 THIS HAS BEEN THE CASE IN 1371 00:47:12,920 --> 00:47:13,480 CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPIES. 1372 00:47:13,480 --> 00:47:15,280 ONE OF THE CHALLENGES I OFTEN 1373 00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:16,600 HEROR THE PUSH BA BEING IS EVEN 1374 00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,080 IF WE KNOW WHO REPORTED SEX, IF 1375 00:47:19,080 --> 00:47:23,600 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE INCLUDE IS 1376 00:47:23,600 --> 00:47:26,920 TOO SMALL WHERE SEX SPECIFIC 1377 00:47:26,920 --> 00:47:27,840 REPORT SUGGEST UNDERPOWER AND 1378 00:47:27,840 --> 00:47:28,880 DELIVER DOESN'T HAVE VALUE, WHAT 1379 00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:30,440 WOULD YOU SAN FRANCISCO I TO 1380 00:47:30,440 --> 00:47:31,160 THAT? 1381 00:47:31,160 --> 00:47:32,480 >> I THINK THERE'S 2-POINTS TO 1382 00:47:32,480 --> 00:47:32,880 THIS. 1383 00:47:32,880 --> 00:47:34,480 SO FIRST OF ALL IT IS TRUE THAT 1384 00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:36,280 IT SHOULDN'T BE AN AFTERTHOUGHT 1385 00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:37,720 AND THAT'S WHAT WE SAW IN THE 1386 00:47:37,720 --> 00:47:39,720 PAPERS AS WELL, IT IS REALLY AN 1387 00:47:39,720 --> 00:47:41,520 ISSUE OF AWARENESS, BECAUSE TO 1388 00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:42,760 DO PROPER ANALYSIS, YOU NEED TO 1389 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:43,960 TAKE THIS INTO ACCOUNT WHEN YOU 1390 00:47:43,960 --> 00:47:45,160 ARE PLANNING YOUR TRIAL AND WHAT 1391 00:47:45,160 --> 00:47:48,160 WE SAW WAS REALLY THE REALLY 1392 00:47:48,160 --> 00:47:49,720 LARGE TRIAL WHICH HAD GOOD 1393 00:47:49,720 --> 00:47:52,600 PREPARATION WHERE YOU HAD 1394 00:47:52,600 --> 00:47:53,440 DETAILED PROTOCOLS BEFORE HAND 1395 00:47:53,440 --> 00:47:55,400 WERE ALSO THE 1S THAT WERE DOING 1396 00:47:55,400 --> 00:47:56,480 SOMEWHAT BETTER, OF COURSE THE 1397 00:47:56,480 --> 00:47:57,320 NUMBERS ARE ALSO BIGGER BUT 1398 00:47:57,320 --> 00:47:59,080 THERE WAS A LOT OF THOUGHT THAT 1399 00:47:59,080 --> 00:48:00,520 WENT INTO PLAN THAGOREAN AND I 1400 00:48:00,520 --> 00:48:01,840 THINK THAT'S POINT NUMBER 1. 1401 00:48:01,840 --> 00:48:07,120 POINT NUMBER 2 IS OF COURSE, WE 1402 00:48:07,120 --> 00:48:09,320 DON'T WANT UNDERPOWERED SUBGROUP 1403 00:48:09,320 --> 00:48:09,680 ANALYSIS. 1404 00:48:09,680 --> 00:48:11,680 HOWEVER, AT THAT POINT, WITH A 1405 00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:13,000 MOVEMENT TOWARDS OPEN ACCESS AND 1406 00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:15,320 DATA AND I SAY THAT SPEAKING TO 1407 00:48:15,320 --> 00:48:16,520 THE NETHERLANDS WHERE WE PLACE A 1408 00:48:16,520 --> 00:48:17,920 LOT OF VALUE ON THAT, YOU COULD 1409 00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:19,000 MAKE YOUR DATA AVAILABLE. 1410 00:48:19,000 --> 00:48:21,520 SO EVEN IF YOU SPECIFICALLY 1411 00:48:21,520 --> 00:48:25,080 CANNOT DO A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS 1412 00:48:25,080 --> 00:48:26,240 BECAUSE IT'S UNDERPOWERED WHICH 1413 00:48:26,240 --> 00:48:27,400 IS PROBLEMATIC IN ITSELF, WE 1414 00:48:27,400 --> 00:48:29,000 COULD HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT IT 1415 00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:30,200 BEFORE BUT IF IT'S UNDERPOWERED 1416 00:48:30,200 --> 00:48:31,400 YOU COULD MAKE YOUR DATA 1417 00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:33,920 AVAILABLE AND SOMEONE ELSE DOING 1418 00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:35,120 A SIMILAR STUDY COULD MAKE THEIR 1419 00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:38,160 DATA AVAILABLE AND WE COULD POOL 1420 00:48:38,160 --> 00:48:39,440 THOSE AND HAVE MORE INFORMATION 1421 00:48:39,440 --> 00:48:39,880 COMING FROM THOSE. 1422 00:48:39,880 --> 00:48:44,360 SO IT IS NOT IDEAL BUT DATA CAN 1423 00:48:44,360 --> 00:48:45,800 BE MADE AVAILABLE AND AT LEAST 1424 00:48:45,800 --> 00:48:47,760 ALLOW US ON A METALEVEL TO USE 1425 00:48:47,760 --> 00:48:49,560 THAT AND MOVE FORWARD, BUT AS I 1426 00:48:49,560 --> 00:48:51,600 SAID BEFORE, IT IS REALLY A 1427 00:48:51,600 --> 00:48:52,320 MATTER OF PLANNING OF RESEARCH 1428 00:48:52,320 --> 00:48:54,320 AND IT SHOULD BE SOMETHING THAT 1429 00:48:54,320 --> 00:48:55,040 SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO 1430 00:48:55,040 --> 00:48:57,480 CONSIDERATION IN THE PLANNING 1431 00:48:57,480 --> 00:49:00,600 PROCESS OF THE TRIAL. 1432 00:49:00,600 --> 00:49:01,840 AND IF WE THINK ABOUT THE 1433 00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:02,920 PLANNING PROCESS, WE HAVE A 1434 00:49:02,920 --> 00:49:04,400 QUESTION IN THE Q&A, 1435 00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:06,200 PARTICULARLY YOUR POINT ABOUT 1436 00:49:06,200 --> 00:49:07,120 REPRESENTATION ON EXPERT PANELS 1437 00:49:07,120 --> 00:49:08,720 IN TERMS OF WHOSE MAKING POLICY 1438 00:49:08,720 --> 00:49:10,480 DECISIONS BUT IT ALSO APPLIES TO 1439 00:49:10,480 --> 00:49:12,440 STEERING COMMITTEES OF TRIALS, 1440 00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:14,040 WHOSE MAKING THE PROTOCOL AND 1441 00:49:14,040 --> 00:49:15,440 WHO'S DECIDING AND DEFINING WHAT 1442 00:49:15,440 --> 00:49:16,680 SUBGROUPS CAN BE DONE SO MEN AND 1443 00:49:16,680 --> 00:49:20,320 WOMEN ARE POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 1444 00:49:20,320 --> 00:49:21,320 AND I KNOW YOU'VE BEEN WORKING 1445 00:49:21,320 --> 00:49:26,680 ON THIS TO ADDRESS THIS INEITY 1446 00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:26,960 SOONER. 1447 00:49:26,960 --> 00:49:27,960 >> YEAH, WE HAVE SOME DATA. 1448 00:49:27,960 --> 00:49:29,920 WE KNOW THAT THE REPRESENTATION 1449 00:49:29,920 --> 00:49:31,240 OF WOMEN, THIS IS JUST LOOKING 1450 00:49:31,240 --> 00:49:31,880 AT WOMEN. 1451 00:49:31,880 --> 00:49:33,800 IT DOESN'T EVEN LOOK AT 1452 00:49:33,800 --> 00:49:34,480 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF 1453 00:49:34,480 --> 00:49:35,880 DIVERSITY SO WE STILL LACK A LOT 1454 00:49:35,880 --> 00:49:37,000 OF INFORMATION BUT JUST LOOKING 1455 00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:39,440 AT WOMEN, WE SEE THAT WHEN IT 1456 00:49:39,440 --> 00:49:40,440 COMES TO CARDIOVASCULAR TRIALS 1457 00:49:40,440 --> 00:49:44,920 FOR EXAMPLE, THE FIELD OF HEART 1458 00:49:44,920 --> 00:49:46,840 FAILURE, WE THAT 15-20% OF THESE 1459 00:49:46,840 --> 00:49:47,800 TRIALS ARE LED BY WOMEN. 1460 00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:49,240 NOW I DON'T WANT TO SAY THAT MEN 1461 00:49:49,240 --> 00:49:51,840 DON'T LIKE THE TOPIC AND DON'T 1462 00:49:51,840 --> 00:49:53,000 WANT TO INVESTIGATE SEX 1463 00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:55,160 DIFFERENCES BUT THERE IS AS WE 1464 00:49:55,160 --> 00:49:58,520 SAW A SOMEWHAT HISTORICAL TREND 1465 00:49:58,520 --> 00:49:59,760 THAT HAVE PAID MORE ATTENTION TO 1466 00:49:59,760 --> 00:50:02,240 THAT AND OF COURSE, WE ALL HAVE 1467 00:50:02,240 --> 00:50:04,840 A DIFFERENT LIFE, DIFFERENT 1468 00:50:04,840 --> 00:50:06,320 PERSPECTIVES, WE SEE DIFFERENT 1469 00:50:06,320 --> 00:50:07,520 PROBLEMS, WE MIGHT ASK THIS 1470 00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:09,280 QUESTION, SO THIS REPRESENTATION 1471 00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:10,720 AND DIVERSITY LOOKING BEYOND SEX 1472 00:50:10,720 --> 00:50:12,400 AND GENDER IDENTITY IN THIS CASE 1473 00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:14,000 IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO ASK 1474 00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:16,440 QUESTIONS, THAT CAN BENEFIT THE 1475 00:50:16,440 --> 00:50:16,920 WHOLE OF SOCIETY. 1476 00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:19,400 SO THE QUESTIONS WE ASKED ARE 1477 00:50:19,400 --> 00:50:22,040 SOMEWHAT CONNECTED TO WHO WE ARE 1478 00:50:22,040 --> 00:50:23,680 AND THE PROBLEMS WE SEE, THE 1479 00:50:23,680 --> 00:50:24,760 QUESTIONS THAT NEED TO BE 1480 00:50:24,760 --> 00:50:26,600 ADDRESSED AND THE WAYS WE WOULD 1481 00:50:26,600 --> 00:50:29,920 LIKE TO INVESTIGATE TO IMPROVE 1482 00:50:29,920 --> 00:50:31,400 HEALTH ARE INDIVIDUALIZED IN 1 1483 00:50:31,400 --> 00:50:32,320 WAY OR ANOTHER. 1484 00:50:32,320 --> 00:50:33,960 SO AS RESEARCHERS WE BRING THAT 1485 00:50:33,960 --> 00:50:35,960 TO THE TABLE AND I THINK THAT'S 1486 00:50:35,960 --> 00:50:38,160 A REALLY IMPORTANT POINT IN 1487 00:50:38,160 --> 00:50:39,760 LOOKING AT THE--WELL THE 1488 00:50:39,760 --> 00:50:41,280 DIRECTION OF TRIALS BUT ALSO OF 1489 00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:42,960 COMMITTEES AND SO FORTH, WHO IS 1490 00:50:42,960 --> 00:50:43,880 REALLY SITTING AT THE TABLE 1491 00:50:43,880 --> 00:50:46,600 BECAUSE WHAT WE SEE IS THAT BY 1492 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:47,760 INCREASING THE DIVERSITY, IT HAS 1493 00:50:47,760 --> 00:50:49,760 QUITE SOME RESEARCH FROM THE 1494 00:50:49,760 --> 00:50:50,680 ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT 1495 00:50:50,680 --> 00:50:54,600 FIELD INCREASES THE QUALITY OF 1496 00:50:54,600 --> 00:50:55,240 WHAT WE PRODUCE. 1497 00:50:55,240 --> 00:50:56,680 >> I THINK 1 OF THE OTHER 1498 00:50:56,680 --> 00:50:58,320 COMMENTS THAT'S COME IN THE 1499 00:50:58,320 --> 00:50:58,560 CHAT. 1500 00:50:58,560 --> 00:51:02,120 WE FOCUSED A LOT ON ADULT 1501 00:51:02,120 --> 00:51:03,760 COVID-19 OUTCOMES BUT ALSO IN 1502 00:51:03,760 --> 00:51:05,720 CAPTURING THE FULL SPECTRUM OF 1503 00:51:05,720 --> 00:51:07,760 THE LIFE COURSE INCLUDING IN 1504 00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:09,960 PEDIATRIC DATA AS WELL AS IN 1505 00:51:09,960 --> 00:51:11,320 OLDER ADULTS AND HAVING THAT 1506 00:51:11,320 --> 00:51:12,800 SAME EMPHASIS ON SEX ASK GENDER 1507 00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:14,800 AS WELL, IF WE SHIFT GEARS A 1508 00:51:14,800 --> 00:51:16,920 LITTLE BIT, I THINK YOU TALKED 1509 00:51:16,920 --> 00:51:17,880 ABOUT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE 1510 00:51:17,880 --> 00:51:20,160 AND OTHER SOCIAL FACTORS THAT 1511 00:51:20,160 --> 00:51:21,960 HAVE ALSO BEEN EXACERBATED 1512 00:51:21,960 --> 00:51:25,720 DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. 1513 00:51:25,720 --> 00:51:27,320 ARE THERE DATA AVAILABLE IN 1514 00:51:27,320 --> 00:51:28,680 TERMS OF SPECIFICALLY SEX 1515 00:51:28,680 --> 00:51:31,120 TRAFFICKING DURING THE PANDEMIC 1516 00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:34,000 OR OTHER SOCIAL FACTORS THAT MAY 1517 00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:35,880 BE HARMING THE HEALTH AND WELL 1518 00:51:35,880 --> 00:51:36,520 BEING OF WOMEN? 1519 00:51:36,520 --> 00:51:41,160 >> WELL, WE DO KNOW THAT A LOT 1520 00:51:41,160 --> 00:51:41,960 OF--WELL, INTIMATE PARTNER 1521 00:51:41,960 --> 00:51:44,760 VIOLENCE PER SE INCREASED AND 1522 00:51:44,760 --> 00:51:46,640 AND I WOULD SAY IF I HAVE TO 1523 00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:47,960 GIVE EXACT NUMBERS TO THE 1524 00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:49,560 TRAFFICKING I WOULD HAVE TO 1525 00:51:49,560 --> 00:51:51,200 REFER TO COLLEAGUES BECAUSE I 1526 00:51:51,200 --> 00:51:52,240 CANNOT REALLY SPEAK TO THAT 1527 00:51:52,240 --> 00:51:54,120 TOPIC SPECIFICALLY BUT WE KNOW 1528 00:51:54,120 --> 00:51:56,560 THAT ALL OF THESE THINGS HAVE 1529 00:51:56,560 --> 00:51:57,160 SOMEWHAT INCREASED BECAUSE 1530 00:51:57,160 --> 00:51:59,560 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PUT IN MORE 1531 00:51:59,560 --> 00:52:00,640 PRECARIOUS POSITIONS, AND BEING 1532 00:52:00,640 --> 00:52:03,520 PUT IN MORE PRECARIOUS POSITIONS 1533 00:52:03,520 --> 00:52:04,840 DOES EXACERBATE THE RISK FOR 1534 00:52:04,840 --> 00:52:06,880 VULNERABLE GROUPS AND WE'VE SEEN 1535 00:52:06,880 --> 00:52:08,320 THAT AT MULTIPLE LAYERS AND 1536 00:52:08,320 --> 00:52:12,200 WHAT'S MOST IMPORTANT IS OF 1537 00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:13,480 COURSE, BEING VULNERABLE AND 1538 00:52:13,480 --> 00:52:15,080 BEING STRESSED AND TRAUMATIZED 1539 00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:16,520 HAS AN EFFECT ON OTHER SYSTEMS 1540 00:52:16,520 --> 00:52:18,960 OF OUR BODY, IT HAS AN EFFECT ON 1541 00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:19,920 CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH, IT HAS AN 1542 00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:21,360 EFFECT ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, SO 1543 00:52:21,360 --> 00:52:25,240 THERE ARE ALSO CONNECTIONS 1544 00:52:25,240 --> 00:52:27,360 BETWEEN THESE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS 1545 00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:29,040 OR CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL 1546 00:52:29,040 --> 00:52:31,440 INIQUITIES OF VIOLENCE, OF 1547 00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:32,840 TRAUMA DIRECTLY ON PHYSIOLOGICAL 1548 00:52:32,840 --> 00:52:33,720 PROCESSES THAT ARE HAPPENING. 1549 00:52:33,720 --> 00:52:35,120 I THINK THIS CONNECTION IS 1550 00:52:35,120 --> 00:52:37,360 DEFINITELY SOMETHING THAT NEEDS 1551 00:52:37,360 --> 00:52:38,320 TO BE INVESTIGATED MUCH MORE, 1552 00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:39,640 THERE IS WORK GOING INTO THAT 1553 00:52:39,640 --> 00:52:42,360 DIRECTION, WE ALSO HAD WORK 1554 00:52:42,360 --> 00:52:43,480 BEFORE THE PANDEMIC LOOKING INTO 1555 00:52:43,480 --> 00:52:46,800 THE EFFECT OF TRAUMA ON 1556 00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:47,560 IMMUNOLOGY, ON CARDIOVASCULAR 1557 00:52:47,560 --> 00:52:49,280 AND SO FORTH BUT I THINK THAT'S 1558 00:52:49,280 --> 00:52:52,640 DEFINITELY SOMETHING THAT COULD 1559 00:52:52,640 --> 00:52:54,400 BE INVESTIGATED FURTHER NOW AND 1560 00:52:54,400 --> 00:52:56,160 ESPECIALLY NOW THAT WE'RE IN A 1561 00:52:56,160 --> 00:52:57,360 DIFFERENT PHASE OF THE PANDEMIC 1562 00:52:57,360 --> 00:52:59,400 AND WE MIGHT HAVE OTHER 1563 00:52:59,400 --> 00:53:00,480 DIFFERENT PHASES AHEAD OF US AND 1564 00:53:00,480 --> 00:53:01,840 SEE HOW THAT AFFECTS ALSO THE 1565 00:53:01,840 --> 00:53:03,320 WELL BEING OF PEOPLE IN GENERAL 1566 00:53:03,320 --> 00:53:08,840 AND IT MIGHT BECOME A SOCIAL 1567 00:53:08,840 --> 00:53:09,600 QUESTION AS WELL. 1568 00:53:09,600 --> 00:53:10,720 >> PARTICULARLY BECAUSE THE 1569 00:53:10,720 --> 00:53:12,480 PANDEMIC AFFECTED SO MANY SOCIAL 1570 00:53:12,480 --> 00:53:14,120 FACTORS BEYOND THE VIRUS ITSELF 1571 00:53:14,120 --> 00:53:15,920 BUT THE PANDEMIC, I THINK 1 OF 1572 00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:17,120 THE THINGS THAT'S REALLY BECOME 1573 00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:19,320 FRONT AND CENTER HAS BEEN FOOD 1574 00:53:19,320 --> 00:53:20,560 INSECURITY AND UNSTABLE HOUSING 1575 00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:24,320 AND HOW DO THOSE POTENTIALLY 1576 00:53:24,320 --> 00:53:27,400 INTERSECT WITH SEX AND GENDER AS 1577 00:53:27,400 --> 00:53:28,440 WELL. 1578 00:53:28,440 --> 00:53:30,440 >> WELL, THERE ARE MOSTLY GENDER 1579 00:53:30,440 --> 00:53:31,360 DIMENSIONS AT FIRST INTERSECTING 1580 00:53:31,360 --> 00:53:31,640 WITH THIS. 1581 00:53:31,640 --> 00:53:35,000 WE KNOW THAT WHEN IT COMES TO 1582 00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:36,840 POVERTY, WOMEN TEND TO BE MUCH 1583 00:53:36,840 --> 00:53:45,480 MORE AFFECTED WHEN IT COMES TO 1584 00:53:45,480 --> 00:53:46,600 OD AND OTHER SOCIAL SUPPORT, I 1585 00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:48,000 SAY I HAVE A DIFFERENT 1586 00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:48,760 PERSPECTIVE BECAUSE I LOOK AT 1587 00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:50,560 THIS TIME FROM EUROPE AND 1588 00:53:50,560 --> 00:53:56,560 ALTHOUGH WE ALSO HAVE MANY OF 1589 00:53:56,560 --> 00:53:57,960 THESE PROBLEMS, SOME ARE 1590 00:53:57,960 --> 00:53:59,920 BUFFERED MORE BY THE SOCIAL 1591 00:53:59,920 --> 00:54:01,040 SUPPORT IN RELATION TO THE 1592 00:54:01,040 --> 00:54:02,240 POPULATION BUT IN GENERAL 1593 00:54:02,240 --> 00:54:04,160 POVERTY HAS A GENDER DIMENSION, 1594 00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:05,800 ACCESS TO HEALTH RESOURCES HAS A 1595 00:54:05,800 --> 00:54:07,240 GENDER DIMENSION AND IT GOES FOR 1596 00:54:07,240 --> 00:54:10,400 WOMEN IN GENERAL HAVING THIS 1597 00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:11,640 ACCESS GENDER DIVERSE INDIVIDUAL 1598 00:54:11,640 --> 00:54:13,680 FREQUENTLY BEING EVEN MORE 1599 00:54:13,680 --> 00:54:14,960 DISCRIMINATED, EVEN MORE EXPOSED 1600 00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:16,320 VIOLENCE AND TRAUMA AND HAVING 1601 00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:19,480 LESS ACCESS TO RESOURCES, STILL, 1602 00:54:19,480 --> 00:54:21,080 SO, THESE DIMENSIONS WERE 1603 00:54:21,080 --> 00:54:23,920 PRESENT BEFORE AND AS WE SEE 1604 00:54:23,920 --> 00:54:25,440 THEM EXACERBATING THEY LIMITED 1605 00:54:25,440 --> 00:54:30,560 THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE TO LEAD 1606 00:54:30,560 --> 00:54:31,040 HEALTHY LIVES. 1607 00:54:31,040 --> 00:54:33,160 TO HAVE ACCESS TO THE HEALTHCARE 1608 00:54:33,160 --> 00:54:35,720 THEY NEED BECAUSE OF COURSE WHAT 1609 00:54:35,720 --> 00:54:36,600 ARE YOU PRIORITIZING, THIS 1610 00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:38,000 AIVETS ALSO YOUR RISK 1611 00:54:38,000 --> 00:54:40,120 PROTENTIALLY OF BEING EXPOSED TO 1612 00:54:40,120 --> 00:54:40,400 COVID-19. 1613 00:54:40,400 --> 00:54:41,240 CAN YOU STAY HOME? 1614 00:54:41,240 --> 00:54:47,040 DO YOU HAVE TO GO TO WORK? 1615 00:54:47,040 --> 00:54:48,800 WHAT KIND OF JOB IS THIS A JOB 1616 00:54:48,800 --> 00:54:49,960 THAT EXPOSE YOU MORE THAN 1617 00:54:49,960 --> 00:54:50,200 OTHERS? 1618 00:54:50,200 --> 00:54:51,520 WHAT HAPPEN FIST YOU LOSE YOUR 1619 00:54:51,520 --> 00:54:51,680 JOB? 1620 00:54:51,680 --> 00:54:53,920 THE STRESS OF LOSING THAT, SO 1621 00:54:53,920 --> 00:54:55,120 THERE'S ALL THESE SOCIAL LAYERS 1622 00:54:55,120 --> 00:54:58,720 AND ASPECTS THAT COME INTO PLAY 1623 00:54:58,720 --> 00:55:00,960 AND CAN POTENTIALLY MAKE YOU 1624 00:55:00,960 --> 00:55:01,760 MORE VULNERABLE PHYSICALLY, NOT 1625 00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:03,440 JUST BECAUSE YOU'RE EXPOSED BUT 1626 00:55:03,440 --> 00:55:04,720 YOU'RE ALSO EXPOSED TO STRESS 1627 00:55:04,720 --> 00:55:06,240 WHICH HAS CONSEQUENCES ON YOUR 1628 00:55:06,240 --> 00:55:08,320 IMMUNE RESPONSE, AND SO FORTH SO 1629 00:55:08,320 --> 00:55:10,840 THEY'RE ALL SOMEWHAT 1630 00:55:10,840 --> 00:55:12,600 INTERTWINED, AND MOST OF THEM DO 1631 00:55:12,600 --> 00:55:18,440 HAVE A GENDER DIMENSION THAT 1632 00:55:18,440 --> 00:55:19,160 COMES INTO PLAY. 1633 00:55:19,160 --> 00:55:28,320 >> I THINK WE'RE WRAPPING UP 1634 00:55:28,320 --> 00:55:30,440 HERE, I THINK I WILL WRAP UP 1635 00:55:30,440 --> 00:55:31,520 WITH COMMENTS AT THE END HERE 1636 00:55:31,520 --> 00:55:36,360 THAT YOU MADE CLEAR AND 1637 00:55:36,360 --> 00:55:37,160 DEMONSTRATABLE DIFFERENCES ON 1638 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:38,520 SEX AND GENDER AND WE HAVE TO 1639 00:55:38,520 --> 00:55:40,520 EXPLORE IT TO BE ABLE TO ADDRESS 1640 00:55:40,520 --> 00:55:41,560 IT AND 1 OF THE COMMENTS THAT 1641 00:55:41,560 --> 00:55:43,560 CAME IN THROUGH THE CHAT AS WELL 1642 00:55:43,560 --> 00:55:46,600 IN TERMS OF THEM TAKING THE NEXT 1643 00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:47,840 STEP AND ENGAGING COMMUNITIES 1644 00:55:47,840 --> 00:55:49,040 AND INDIVIDUALS IN KEY STEAK 1645 00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:51,560 HOLDERS IN ORDER TO ADDRESS 1646 00:55:51,560 --> 00:55:52,440 THESE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AS 1647 00:55:52,440 --> 00:55:52,840 WELL. 1648 00:55:52,840 --> 00:55:55,200 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 1649 00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:57,400 WONDERFUL OVERVIEW AND THIS 1650 00:55:57,400 --> 00:55:58,560 REALLY RIVETTING DISCUSSION INTO 1651 00:55:58,560 --> 00:56:01,320 ALL THE PANELISTS AND AUDIENCE 1652 00:56:01,320 --> 00:56:03,560 MEMBERS FOR THEIR QUESTIONS, I 1653 00:56:03,560 --> 00:56:06,120 WILL TURN IT OVER TO 1654 00:56:06,120 --> 00:56:06,480 DR. SANDBERG. 1655 00:56:06,480 --> 00:56:07,120 >> GOOD AFTERNOON EVERYBODY AND 1656 00:56:07,120 --> 00:56:12,120 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 1657 00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:16,200 FANTASTIC OVERVIEW, 1658 00:56:16,200 --> 00:56:18,000 DR. OERTELT-PRIGIONE, AND THANK 1659 00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:19,920 YOU DR. KHAN FOR MODERATING. 1660 00:56:19,920 --> 00:56:23,200 THAT WAS WONDERFUL. 1661 00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:24,640 >> I THINK YOU MUTED YOURSELF. 1662 00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:25,720 >> THANK YOU. 1663 00:56:25,720 --> 00:56:28,960 I WILL INTRODUCE MICHAEL 1664 00:56:28,960 --> 00:56:31,040 SIEVERTS, HE WAS THE NATIONAL 1665 00:56:31,040 --> 00:56:33,000 SCIENCE FOUNDATION BUDGET 1666 00:56:33,000 --> 00:56:34,280 DIRECTOR FROM 2010-2017 AND HE'S 1667 00:56:34,280 --> 00:56:36,200 HAD A LOT OF SENIOR POSITIONS, A 1668 00:56:36,200 --> 00:56:37,840 LOT OF SENIOR POSITIONS 1669 00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:43,960 OVERSEEING FINANCIAL AND GRANTS 1670 00:56:43,960 --> 00:56:44,960 MANAGEMENT AND LEGISLATIVE 1671 00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:46,960 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND HE HAS A 1672 00:56:46,960 --> 00:56:50,200 MASTERS FROM UC BERKELEY AND A 1673 00:56:50,200 --> 00:56:51,760 BATCHER'S PHYSICS FROM GILL FORD 1674 00:56:51,760 --> 00:56:53,040 COLLEGE IN NORTH CAROLINA BUT 1675 00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:55,280 TODAY HE IS NOT PARTICIPATING IN 1676 00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:58,640 THAT CAPACITY OF ALL HIS CAREER, 1677 00:56:58,640 --> 00:57:00,720 BUT MORE HE'S GOING TO BE 1678 00:57:00,720 --> 00:57:03,360 PARTICIPATING IN HIS PERSONAL 1679 00:57:03,360 --> 00:57:05,040 CAPACITY, SO HE'S NOT A 1680 00:57:05,040 --> 00:57:06,640 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL 1681 00:57:06,640 --> 00:57:08,320 NSF, HE'S GOING TO TALK TO US AS 1682 00:57:08,320 --> 00:57:10,520 A PATIENT AND AN ADVOCATE AND 1683 00:57:10,520 --> 00:57:12,120 IMPORTANT STAKEHOLDER OF COURSE, 1684 00:57:12,120 --> 00:57:16,680 BECAUSE HE'S BEEN LIVING WITH 1685 00:57:16,680 --> 00:57:18,760 COVID-19 AND HE'S A--WITH LONG 1686 00:57:18,760 --> 00:57:22,240 COVID AND HE HAD ACUTE INFECTION 1687 00:57:22,240 --> 00:57:23,600 IN MARCH, 2020 AND HE'S GOING TO 1688 00:57:23,600 --> 00:57:29,120 TALK TO US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 1689 00:57:29,120 --> 00:57:31,080 THAT AND HE'S PLAYED A REALLY 1690 00:57:31,080 --> 00:57:32,600 GREAT ROLE. 1691 00:57:32,600 --> 00:57:34,480 HE'S PART OF THE PATIENT-LED 1692 00:57:34,480 --> 00:57:35,880 RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE ON THE 1693 00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:37,400 LONG COVID ALLIANCE AND 1694 00:57:37,400 --> 00:57:38,600 STRATEGIES FOR HIGH IMPACT ON 1695 00:57:38,600 --> 00:57:40,360 EFFORTS TO ADVANCE RESEARCH ON 1696 00:57:40,360 --> 00:57:42,080 LONG COVID AND TO IMPROVE 1697 00:57:42,080 --> 00:57:43,320 PATIENT OUTCOMES. 1698 00:57:43,320 --> 00:57:50,000 SO, THANK YOU SO MUCH, MICHAEL 1699 00:57:50,000 --> 00:57:51,560 SIEVERTS, WITH ABOUT THE 1700 00:57:51,560 --> 00:57:52,480 COMMUNITY'S PERSPECTIVE AND YOUR 1701 00:57:52,480 --> 00:57:53,560 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WITH COVID. 1702 00:57:53,560 --> 00:57:55,160 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1703 00:57:55,160 --> 00:57:55,520 >> THANK YOU. 1704 00:57:55,520 --> 00:57:57,200 DPLAD TO BE HERE, I JUST WANT TO 1705 00:57:57,200 --> 00:58:00,000 MAKE SURE I'M ON MY AUDIO, VIDEO 1706 00:58:00,000 --> 00:58:07,560 COMING ACROSS OKAY? 1707 00:58:07,560 --> 00:58:07,760 GOOD. 1708 00:58:07,760 --> 00:58:12,520 >> SO AS YOU HEARD, 35 YEARS IN 1709 00:58:12,520 --> 00:58:13,560 FEDERAL PROGRAMS, RESEARCH, 1710 00:58:13,560 --> 00:58:17,240 RESEARCH PROCESSES, GROUNDING 1711 00:58:17,240 --> 00:58:19,120 AND THAT'S SHAPED HOW I APPROACH 1712 00:58:19,120 --> 00:58:19,520 THIS EXPERIENCE. 1713 00:58:19,520 --> 00:58:21,800 SO LET'S GO BACK, MY ACUTE 1714 00:58:21,800 --> 00:58:23,800 INFECTION WAS IN MARCH 2020. 1715 00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:27,200 JUST BEFORE THAT, I HAD TAKEN AN 1716 00:58:27,200 --> 00:58:28,880 EARLY RETIREMENT FROM MY NSF 1717 00:58:28,880 --> 00:58:30,720 POSITION AND I WAS SETTING UP 1718 00:58:30,720 --> 00:58:32,400 CONSULTING WORK AND CONTINUED 1719 00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:35,360 WORK WITH NSF AND ALSO MIX OF 1720 00:58:35,360 --> 00:58:37,120 OTHER THINGS LIKE BECOME A YOGA 1721 00:58:37,120 --> 00:58:38,240 INSTRUCTOR, I WAS SETTING MYSELF 1722 00:58:38,240 --> 00:58:42,440 UP TO BE A SKI INSTRUCTOR, AND 1723 00:58:42,440 --> 00:58:44,960 SO I THOUGHT OF MYSELF BEING IN 1724 00:58:44,960 --> 00:58:48,160 EXCELLENT HEALTH IN MARCH 2020. 1725 00:58:48,160 --> 00:58:50,880 NOW, I'M VERY LIMITED, I'M 1726 00:58:50,880 --> 00:58:52,080 MOSTLY HOUSE BOUND. 1727 00:58:52,080 --> 00:58:57,560 I HAVE A VERY SEVERE DIZZINESS 1728 00:58:57,560 --> 00:59:00,160 NAUSEA, FATIGUE 24/7, I HAVE THE 1729 00:59:00,160 --> 00:59:01,920 SYMPTOM KNOWN AS BRAIN FOG, IT'S 1730 00:59:01,920 --> 00:59:03,800 LIKE HAVING A PERMANENT 1731 00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:04,640 CONCUSSION, I'M FLOATING AROUND 1732 00:59:04,640 --> 00:59:07,240 WHEREVER I AM, VERY SENSITIVE TO 1733 00:59:07,240 --> 00:59:09,560 BRIGHT LIGHT, SUN LIGHT IS 1 OF 1734 00:59:09,560 --> 00:59:15,240 MY WORST TRIGGERS SO I HAVE THIS 1735 00:59:15,240 --> 00:59:16,080 CONFIGURURATION WITH DIFFERENT 1736 00:59:16,080 --> 00:59:17,560 LIGHTS SO I'M NOT REALLY IN 1737 00:59:17,560 --> 00:59:19,480 DIRECT LIGHT MOST OF THE DAY. 1738 00:59:19,480 --> 00:59:21,640 IF YOU LEARNED ANYTHING ABOUT 1739 00:59:21,640 --> 00:59:26,360 LONG COVID, YOU HEARD THE TERM 1740 00:59:26,360 --> 00:59:31,360 P. E. M., VERY HARD TO DESCRIBE 1741 00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:32,920 BUT IT'S--MUCH MORE THAN 1742 00:59:32,920 --> 00:59:33,960 CORRESPONDING AMOUNT OF 1743 00:59:33,960 --> 00:59:37,520 TIREDNESS FOR A GIVEN LEVEL OF 1744 00:59:37,520 --> 00:59:38,200 ACTIVITY. 1745 00:59:38,200 --> 00:59:39,800 IT'S AN EXPONENTIAL INCREASE IN 1746 00:59:39,800 --> 00:59:41,840 THE SEVERITY OF YOUR SYMPTOMS, 1747 00:59:41,840 --> 00:59:43,680 VERY OFTEN DELAYED THE NEXT DAY 1748 00:59:43,680 --> 00:59:45,080 AFTER YOU'VE DONE SOME KIND OF 1749 00:59:45,080 --> 00:59:48,320 EXERTION AND THAT CAN BE FIZZ 1750 00:59:48,320 --> 00:59:49,000 KALG EXERTION, COGNITIVE 1751 00:59:49,000 --> 00:59:55,000 EXERTION, YOU KNOW IT'S--IT GETS 1752 00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:56,040 YOU. 1753 00:59:56,040 --> 00:59:59,680 I HAVE A VERY NOTICEABLE SEVERE 1754 00:59:59,680 --> 01:00:01,400 FORM OF ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE 1755 01:00:01,400 --> 01:00:04,160 SO MY BODY HAS DIFFICULTY 1756 01:00:04,160 --> 01:00:06,120 REGULATING ITSELF IF I'M 1757 01:00:06,120 --> 01:00:10,000 STANDING OR SITTING UPRIGHT, MY 1758 01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:12,960 SYMPTOMS WORSEN SO MY 1759 01:00:12,960 --> 01:00:14,920 CONFIGURURATION FOR WORK AND MY 1760 01:00:14,920 --> 01:00:16,840 FEET ARE ELEVATED, I'M BASICALLY 1761 01:00:16,840 --> 01:00:19,040 IN A RECLINED POSITION, I'M IN 1762 01:00:19,040 --> 01:00:20,640 STUDIES AT THE CLINICAL CENTER, 1763 01:00:20,640 --> 01:00:22,880 AND I DO TILT TABLE TESTS AND 1764 01:00:22,880 --> 01:00:25,360 GIVE THEM LOTS OF GOOD DATA, MY 1765 01:00:25,360 --> 01:00:28,560 FAINTING IS VERY GOOD FOR THE 1766 01:00:28,560 --> 01:00:28,800 DATA. 1767 01:00:28,800 --> 01:00:31,400 AND I USE THE METAPHOR OF A 1768 01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:32,320 COMPUTER IN SAFE MODE TO 1769 01:00:32,320 --> 01:00:36,280 DESCRIBE HOW I AM, SO IF A 1770 01:00:36,280 --> 01:00:38,880 COMPUTER PC WILL GO BO SAFE MODE 1771 01:00:38,880 --> 01:00:41,400 WHEN IT NEEDS TO PROTECT ITSELF 1772 01:00:41,400 --> 01:00:43,800 FROM SOMETHING AND WE OFTEN CALL 1773 01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:44,640 THOSE THINGS VIRUSES, COMPUTER 1774 01:00:44,640 --> 01:00:46,840 VIRUSES AND IN THAT STATE, THE 1775 01:00:46,840 --> 01:00:48,040 COMPUTER CAN ONLY UNDERTAKE A 1776 01:00:48,040 --> 01:00:51,040 VERY LIMITED NUMBER OF THINGS. 1777 01:00:51,040 --> 01:00:53,040 I THINK OF MYSELF THE SAME WAY, 1778 01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:55,320 I'M OPERATING IN A VERY LIMITED 1779 01:00:55,320 --> 01:00:56,960 STATE FOR WHATEVER REASON, MY 1780 01:00:56,960 --> 01:01:00,440 BRAIN, MY BODY THINK I NEED 1781 01:01:00,440 --> 01:01:01,120 PROTECT FREE RADICALS GENERATED 1782 01:01:01,120 --> 01:01:03,280 LOTS OF THEY THINKS SO IT KEEPS 1783 01:01:03,280 --> 01:01:05,480 ME IN A STATE WHERE I'M 1784 01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:07,120 REGULARLY RECLINED, LYING DOWN, 1785 01:01:07,120 --> 01:01:08,960 GETS MAD AT ME IF I STAND UP OR 1786 01:01:08,960 --> 01:01:12,960 DO TOO MUCH AND I SORT OF THINK, 1787 01:01:12,960 --> 01:01:14,720 OKAY, SOMETHING'S GOING ON IN MY 1788 01:01:14,720 --> 01:01:16,360 BODY, MY BRAIN THINKS I NEED 1789 01:01:16,360 --> 01:01:17,160 PROTECTING FROM SOMETHING. 1790 01:01:17,160 --> 01:01:19,000 WHEN THE VIRUS HIT ME, IT GAVE 1791 01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:21,240 IT THAT SIGNAL AND THE MY BODY 1792 01:01:21,240 --> 01:01:23,800 GOT STUCK IN THAT SUBROUTINE. 1793 01:01:23,800 --> 01:01:25,800 IF YOU KNOW THE VARIOUS 1794 01:01:25,800 --> 01:01:28,280 BENCHMARKS OUT THERE, 1 OF THE 1795 01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:31,760 1S I HAVE FOUND USEFUL TO 1796 01:01:31,760 --> 01:01:35,840 EXPLAIN THINGS IS THE CARNOFSKI 1797 01:01:35,840 --> 01:01:38,040 SCORE, MY SCORE IS A 70 WHICH 1798 01:01:38,040 --> 01:01:39,640 MEANS KICARE FOR MYSELF BUT I'M 1799 01:01:39,640 --> 01:01:41,960 UNABLE TO DO NORMAL ACTIVITY OR 1800 01:01:41,960 --> 01:01:42,240 ACTIVE WORK. 1801 01:01:42,240 --> 01:01:44,920 SO HOW DID I GET FROM THE 1802 01:01:44,920 --> 01:01:45,760 PRECOVID STATE PREMARCH 2020 TO 1803 01:01:45,760 --> 01:01:48,920 WHERE I AM NOW? 1804 01:01:48,920 --> 01:01:52,080 MY ACUTE ILLNESS WAS--STARTED 1805 01:01:52,080 --> 01:01:53,680 MARCH 18th 2020, HAD A FEVER 1806 01:01:53,680 --> 01:01:55,880 THAT DAY, WAS VERY EARLY, THAT 1807 01:01:55,880 --> 01:01:57,680 WAS--I WAS 1 OF THE FIRST WAVE. 1808 01:01:57,680 --> 01:02:00,400 THAT WAS JUST 1 WEEK AFTER 1809 01:02:00,400 --> 01:02:01,960 AWARENESS GREW OF THE PRESENCE 1810 01:02:01,960 --> 01:02:07,280 OF THE CORONA VIRUS. 1811 01:02:07,280 --> 01:02:08,560 I WAS 1 OF THE FIRST HUNDRED 1812 01:02:08,560 --> 01:02:11,320 PEOPLE TO TEST POSITIVE IN THE 1813 01:02:11,320 --> 01:02:12,720 COUNTY THAT LIVE IN THIS 1814 01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:14,240 VIRGINIA, THAT WAS ON PLARCH 1815 01:02:14,240 --> 01:02:15,760 24th AND FOR ABOUT 2 WEEKS I 1816 01:02:15,760 --> 01:02:18,200 HAD A BAD FEVER THAT I MANAGED 1817 01:02:18,200 --> 01:02:19,640 WITH OVER THE COUNTER 1818 01:02:19,640 --> 01:02:20,920 MEDICATION, WAS NEVER 1819 01:02:20,920 --> 01:02:22,440 HOSPITALIZED, I HAD AN ALTERED 1820 01:02:22,440 --> 01:02:25,520 SENSE OF TASTE AND SMELL, BAD 1821 01:02:25,520 --> 01:02:27,640 HEADACHE, BUT DIDN'T REALLY HAVE 1822 01:02:27,640 --> 01:02:28,680 SERIOUS RESPIRATORY ISSUES AND I 1823 01:02:28,680 --> 01:02:30,800 DIDN'T REALLY THINK OF IT 1824 01:02:30,800 --> 01:02:32,040 AS--YOU KNOW I THOUGHT IT WAS 1825 01:02:32,040 --> 01:02:34,640 THE WORST CASE OF THE FLU I HAD 1826 01:02:34,640 --> 01:02:36,400 EVER HAD IN MY LIFE BUT I DIDN'T 1827 01:02:36,400 --> 01:02:39,360 PUT IT ON REALLY EXTRAORDINARY 1828 01:02:39,360 --> 01:02:48,560 PLATE OF SEVERE ILLNESS. 1829 01:02:48,560 --> 01:02:52,120 SO AROUND APRIL 1st I WAS 1830 01:02:52,120 --> 01:02:54,120 GETTING BETTER, I WOULD SAYING I 1831 01:02:54,120 --> 01:02:57,000 WOULD SICK, I'M GETTING BETTER, 1832 01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:59,160 MIGHT BE OUT AWHILE BUT I COULD 1833 01:02:59,160 --> 01:03:00,720 NOT PUT GOOD DAYS TOGETHER IN A 1834 01:03:00,720 --> 01:03:01,040 ROW. 1835 01:03:01,040 --> 01:03:02,840 ABOUT A MONTH OF 2 OF THINKING I 1836 01:03:02,840 --> 01:03:04,480 WAS RECOVERING THAT'S WHEN I WAS 1837 01:03:04,480 --> 01:03:06,440 REALLY REALIZED I WAS IN THIS 1838 01:03:06,440 --> 01:03:10,040 PATTERN, THE 24/7 DIZZINESS, 1839 01:03:10,040 --> 01:03:11,760 NAUSEA FATIGUE, THE BRAIN FOG, 1840 01:03:11,760 --> 01:03:13,440 YOU KNOW JUST AND THAT'S PRETTY 1841 01:03:13,440 --> 01:03:18,120 MUCH WHERE I'VE BEEN SINCE THEN 1842 01:03:18,120 --> 01:03:19,680 FOR 2 YEARS. 1843 01:03:19,680 --> 01:03:22,440 AROUND THAT TIME, THE SUMMER OF 1844 01:03:22,440 --> 01:03:24,320 2020 I WAS LEARNING I WASN'T THE 1845 01:03:24,320 --> 01:03:25,360 ONLY PERSON HAVING THIS 1846 01:03:25,360 --> 01:03:27,760 EXPERIENCE, YOU KNOW GOING 1847 01:03:27,760 --> 01:03:30,560 THROUGH THIS POST COVID 1848 01:03:30,560 --> 01:03:31,200 RECOVERY--PROLONGED RECOVERY. 1849 01:03:31,200 --> 01:03:33,160 I'VE BEEN INVOLVE WIDE A GROUP 1850 01:03:33,160 --> 01:03:34,440 CALLED BODY POLITIC, THEY'RE A 1851 01:03:34,440 --> 01:03:34,840 SUPPORT GROUP. 1852 01:03:34,840 --> 01:03:36,480 ONE OF THEIR CONFOUNDERS, 1 OF 1853 01:03:36,480 --> 01:03:41,080 THE NEW YORK TIMES HAD AN OPED, 1854 01:03:41,080 --> 01:03:42,360 THAT DID AN ARTICLE CALLED WE 1855 01:03:42,360 --> 01:03:45,480 NEED TO LOOK AT WHAT CORONA 1856 01:03:45,480 --> 01:03:46,560 RECOVERIES LOOK LIKE. 1857 01:03:46,560 --> 01:03:50,280 AROUND THIS SAME TIME, 1858 01:03:50,280 --> 01:03:53,520 RESEARCHERS WARN COVID-19 COULD 1859 01:03:53,520 --> 01:03:54,400 CREATE LONG-TERM DEBILITATING 1860 01:03:54,400 --> 01:03:55,960 ILLNESS IN SOME PEOPLE. 1861 01:03:55,960 --> 01:03:57,680 THAT THOSE WERE EYE OPENING FOR 1862 01:03:57,680 --> 01:03:59,440 ME. 1863 01:03:59,440 --> 01:04:02,640 I STARTED LEARNING ABOUT CHRONIC 1864 01:04:02,640 --> 01:04:04,120 FATIGUE SYNDROME, MILITEIS AND 1865 01:04:04,120 --> 01:04:09,440 HOW COMMON AND WELL DOCUMENTED 1866 01:04:09,440 --> 01:04:11,640 POST VIRAL SYMPTOMS ARE AND LONG 1867 01:04:11,640 --> 01:04:14,080 COVID IS IN THAT SUITE OF POST 1868 01:04:14,080 --> 01:04:18,520 VIRAL CONDITIONS THAT HAVE BEEN 1869 01:04:18,520 --> 01:04:19,120 KNOWN FOR GENERATIONS. 1870 01:04:19,120 --> 01:04:22,760 THAT ALSO LED ME TO THE WORK 1871 01:04:22,760 --> 01:04:25,400 THAT DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] ARE 1872 01:04:25,400 --> 01:04:27,320 DOING AT NINDS. 1873 01:04:27,320 --> 01:04:29,920 I RESPONDED TO JUST SOME E-MAIL 1874 01:04:29,920 --> 01:04:33,560 BOXES ABOUT STUDIES THEY WERE 1875 01:04:33,560 --> 01:04:35,640 DOING AND WHEN THEIR LONG COVID 1876 01:04:35,640 --> 01:04:38,040 STUDY RAMPED UP ABOUT OCTOBER OF 1877 01:04:38,040 --> 01:04:40,280 2020, I WAS 1 OF THE FIRST 1878 01:04:40,280 --> 01:04:41,000 PATIENTS--PATIENTS TO ENROLL AND 1879 01:04:41,000 --> 01:04:50,360 BE PART OF STUDIES AT THE 1880 01:04:50,360 --> 01:04:51,480 CLINICAL CENTER. 1881 01:04:51,480 --> 01:04:52,640 FOR ME IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT TO 1882 01:04:52,640 --> 01:04:54,080 BE PART OF THE RESEARCH BECAUSE 1883 01:04:54,080 --> 01:04:56,120 THAT'S WHERE I CAME FROM, MY 1884 01:04:56,120 --> 01:04:57,360 CAREER, WITH THE NATIONAL 1885 01:04:57,360 --> 01:04:58,760 SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND BEEN 1886 01:04:58,760 --> 01:05:00,760 INVOLVED IN COMMUNICATIONS AND 1887 01:05:00,760 --> 01:05:02,280 POLICY ANALYSIS AND LOT OF MY 1888 01:05:02,280 --> 01:05:03,680 CAREER HAS BEEN ABOUT EXPLAINING 1889 01:05:03,680 --> 01:05:05,640 THE IMPORTANCE OF BASIC 1890 01:05:05,640 --> 01:05:07,280 RESEARCH, LOOKING AT THE MOST 1891 01:05:07,280 --> 01:05:08,280 FUNDAMENT QUESTIONS THAT ADVANCE 1892 01:05:08,280 --> 01:05:08,840 KNOWLEDGE. 1893 01:05:08,840 --> 01:05:09,800 SO ON THE FIRST CONSENT FORM I 1894 01:05:09,800 --> 01:05:12,200 GOT FOR THE STUDY, ABOUT 7 PAGES 1895 01:05:12,200 --> 01:05:15,600 IN AND THIS QUESTION: HOW WILL 1896 01:05:15,600 --> 01:05:17,320 I BENEFIT FROM PARTICIPATING IN 1897 01:05:17,320 --> 01:05:17,840 THE RESEARCH? 1898 01:05:17,840 --> 01:05:20,360 AND THE ANSWER IS, YOU WILL NOT 1899 01:05:20,360 --> 01:05:21,480 BENEFIT FROM PARTICIPATING IN 1900 01:05:21,480 --> 01:05:23,040 THE RESEARCH. 1901 01:05:23,040 --> 01:05:25,320 AND I THOUGHT, OH, I BELONG 1902 01:05:25,320 --> 01:05:25,600 HERE. 1903 01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:26,880 I'M AT HOME WITH THIS. 1904 01:05:26,880 --> 01:05:28,600 AND SO I FELT LIKE THIS IS A 1905 01:05:28,600 --> 01:05:30,560 REAL OPPORTUNITY TO ADVANCE THE 1906 01:05:30,560 --> 01:05:31,920 SCIENCE, I KNOW THE SCIENCE 1907 01:05:31,920 --> 01:05:33,760 NEEDS ADVANCING AND I COULD BE 1908 01:05:33,760 --> 01:05:36,280 PART OF IT. 1909 01:05:36,280 --> 01:05:37,360 THERE'S MORE IMMEDIATE PIECES OF 1910 01:05:37,360 --> 01:05:39,840 IT THAT MATTER, A LOT OF 1911 01:05:39,840 --> 01:05:41,800 VALIDATION THAT COMES FROM BEING 1912 01:05:41,800 --> 01:05:52,280 PART OF THE RESEARCH AT NIH, 1913 01:05:53,080 --> 01:05:54,360 JUST FINALLY UNDERSTOOD PEOPLE 1914 01:05:54,360 --> 01:05:55,400 WHO KNEW WHAT I WAS GOING 1915 01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:57,360 THROUGH AND HAVING TESTS THAT 1916 01:05:57,360 --> 01:05:58,760 WOULD DOCUMENT THAT YES, 1917 01:05:58,760 --> 01:06:00,040 SOMETHING'S DIFFERENT ABOUT YOU 1918 01:06:00,040 --> 01:06:00,680 GOING ON. 1919 01:06:00,680 --> 01:06:01,720 COUPLE MORE THINGS BUYER I WRAP 1920 01:06:01,720 --> 01:06:03,480 UP, A LOT OF PEOPLE ASK ABOUT 1921 01:06:03,480 --> 01:06:11,040 HOW THE VACCINATION AFFECTED ME 1922 01:06:11,040 --> 01:06:12,160 WHEN THE VACCINATIONS CAME OUT, 1923 01:06:12,160 --> 01:06:14,360 THERE WAS A LOT OF PRESS ABOUT 1924 01:06:14,360 --> 01:06:16,000 PEOPLE GETTING BETTER AFTER 1925 01:06:16,000 --> 01:06:17,360 RECEIVING THE VACCINE. 1926 01:06:17,360 --> 01:06:18,080 THAT'S PLAUSIBLE, 1 OF THE 1927 01:06:18,080 --> 01:06:20,600 THEORIES IS THAT THERE'S 1928 01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:22,040 RESIDUAL VIRUS THAT IS 1929 01:06:22,040 --> 01:06:23,120 CONSTANTLY KEEPING OUR IMMUNE 1930 01:06:23,120 --> 01:06:27,040 SYSTEMS RAMPED UP, THAT WASN'T 1931 01:06:27,040 --> 01:06:27,480 MY EXPERIENCE. 1932 01:06:27,480 --> 01:06:29,920 I DON'T THINK IT'S AN EXPERIENCE 1933 01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:32,080 WITH MOST PEOPLE WITH LONG 1934 01:06:32,080 --> 01:06:32,680 COVID. 1935 01:06:32,680 --> 01:06:35,840 NOW ANY VACCINE I GET, THE 1936 01:06:35,840 --> 01:06:37,600 ORIGINAL 1, BOOSTERS, VACCINE, 1937 01:06:37,600 --> 01:06:38,840 I'M BEDRIDDEN FOR 2-4 DAYS AFTER 1938 01:06:38,840 --> 01:06:41,360 THE SHOT AND THEN I RETURN TO 1939 01:06:41,360 --> 01:06:49,920 THIS LIMITED STATE THAT I'VE 1940 01:06:49,920 --> 01:06:51,960 BEEN OPERATING IN. 1941 01:06:51,960 --> 01:06:53,720 >> MR. SIEVERTS, WE HOPE YOU ARE 1942 01:06:53,720 --> 01:06:54,640 PARTICIPATING WITH US 1943 01:06:54,640 --> 01:06:55,280 APPROXIMATE BECAUSE YOUR POINT 1944 01:06:55,280 --> 01:06:56,920 OF VIEW IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL 1945 01:06:56,920 --> 01:06:59,000 FOR THE SCIENTISTS, THE BASIC 1946 01:06:59,000 --> 01:07:00,480 SCIENTISTS AND THE CLINICAL 1947 01:07:00,480 --> 01:07:03,280 INVESTIGATORS, IS SO WE REALLY U 1948 01:07:03,280 --> 01:07:07,440 SHARING YOUR PERSONAL STORY 1949 01:07:07,440 --> 01:07:08,640 BECAUSE WITHOUT THE PATIENT WE 1950 01:07:08,640 --> 01:07:09,920 MAY BE STUDYING THE WRONG THINGS 1951 01:07:09,920 --> 01:07:13,320 AND SO, YOU BRING US BACK TO 1952 01:07:13,320 --> 01:07:15,760 WHERE WE REALLY NEED TO PUT OUR 1953 01:07:15,760 --> 01:07:17,920 ATTENTION AND THE SYMPTOMS ARE 1954 01:07:17,920 --> 01:07:20,200 ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL IN MODELING 1955 01:07:20,200 --> 01:07:21,160 THIS AND ANIMAL, BASIC SCIENCE 1956 01:07:21,160 --> 01:07:23,040 STUDIES AS WELL AS FOR THE 1957 01:07:23,040 --> 01:07:25,200 CLINICAL INVESTIGATORS TO 1958 01:07:25,200 --> 01:07:25,920 ADDRESS THE MOST IMPORTANT 1959 01:07:25,920 --> 01:07:27,200 THINGS THAT ARE AFFECTERRING THE 1960 01:07:27,200 --> 01:07:30,480 PATIENT SO WE REALLY, REALLY 1961 01:07:30,480 --> 01:07:31,600 APPRECIATE YOUR COMING AND 1962 01:07:31,600 --> 01:07:33,840 SHARING THIS WITH US. 1963 01:07:33,840 --> 01:07:36,080 BUT UNFORTLY WE HAVE A VERY 1964 01:07:36,080 --> 01:07:38,280 TIGHT SCHEDULE, WE HAVE--WE HAVE 1965 01:07:38,280 --> 01:07:40,120 A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE THAT ARE 1966 01:07:40,120 --> 01:07:42,920 GOING TO BE TALKING TODAY, SO 1967 01:07:42,920 --> 01:07:45,320 PLEASE PARTICIPATE GOING 1968 01:07:45,320 --> 01:07:45,560 FORWARD. 1969 01:07:45,560 --> 01:07:48,320 >> LET ME THANK YOU ALL, HAPPY 1970 01:07:48,320 --> 01:07:48,680 TO PARTICIPATE. 1971 01:07:48,680 --> 01:07:50,280 I'LL DO WHAT I CAN, I'M VERY 1972 01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:51,680 GLAD THAT ALL OF YOU ARE 1973 01:07:51,680 --> 01:07:55,320 FOCUSING ON THIS, BECAUSE 1974 01:07:55,320 --> 01:07:56,600 IT'S--IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO ME 1975 01:07:56,600 --> 01:07:57,720 SO I APPRECIATE YOUR TACKLING 1976 01:07:57,720 --> 01:08:01,440 THIS AND TAKING ON THIS PUZZLE. 1977 01:08:01,440 --> 01:08:03,640 >> AND YOU REPRESENT A LOT OF 1978 01:08:03,640 --> 01:08:05,240 OTHER PEOPLE BY COMING FORWARD 1979 01:08:05,240 --> 01:08:06,840 IT'S REALLY, REALLY HELPS ALL 1980 01:08:06,840 --> 01:08:08,480 THEM, TOO, SO THANK YOU AGAIN. 1981 01:08:08,480 --> 01:08:14,200 SO NOW WE'RE GOING TO TURNOVER 1982 01:08:14,200 --> 01:08:15,400 TO MARK CHAPPELL, WHO WILL RUN 1983 01:08:15,400 --> 01:08:17,560 THE NEXT SESSION AND IF YOU 1984 01:08:17,560 --> 01:08:22,840 COULD MAYBE EXIT YOUR SCREEN 1985 01:08:22,840 --> 01:08:24,000 MR. SIEVERTS, SO MARK WILL BE 1986 01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:27,760 ABLE TO HOLD THE SCREEN. 1987 01:08:27,760 --> 01:08:29,800 THANK YOU. 1988 01:08:29,800 --> 01:08:31,600 SO MARK CHAPPELL, IS AN OLD 1989 01:08:31,600 --> 01:08:32,240 COLLEAGUE OF MINE. 1990 01:08:32,240 --> 01:08:37,840 HE'S BEEN AROUND FOR A LONG 1991 01:08:37,840 --> 01:08:39,240 TIME. 1992 01:08:39,240 --> 01:08:41,880 HE'S A TENURED PROFESSOR IN THE 1993 01:08:41,880 --> 01:08:43,920 VASCULAR RESEARCH CENTER AT WAKE 1994 01:08:43,920 --> 01:08:44,520 FOREST. 1995 01:08:44,520 --> 01:08:46,160 I'VE KNOWN HIM FOR MANY YEARS 1996 01:08:46,160 --> 01:08:48,240 BECAUSE HE KEEPS PUBLISHING ALL 1997 01:08:48,240 --> 01:08:49,640 THIS SEMINOLE RESEARCH, LIKE 1998 01:08:49,640 --> 01:08:51,280 THERT YEARS OF SEMINOLE RESEARCH 1999 01:08:51,280 --> 01:08:54,720 WHICH IS THE AREA THAT MY LAB 2000 01:08:54,720 --> 01:08:54,960 STUDIES. 2001 01:08:54,960 --> 01:09:02,040 SO HE'S PARTICULARLY AN EXPERT 2002 01:09:02,040 --> 01:09:05,400 IN ACE 2, AND OTHERWISE KNOWN AS 2003 01:09:05,400 --> 01:09:12,400 THE RECEPTOR FOR SARS-COV-2 2004 01:09:12,400 --> 01:09:13,040 WHICH UNDERLIES COVID-19. 2005 01:09:13,040 --> 01:09:15,400 ACE 2 BECAUSE IT GETS A BAD RAP 2006 01:09:15,400 --> 01:09:17,320 BEING THE RECEPTOR FOR THE VIRUS 2007 01:09:17,320 --> 01:09:23,840 IS ACTUALLY A REALLY GOOD GUY 2008 01:09:23,840 --> 01:09:27,560 AND DR. CHAPPELL HAS STUDIED 2009 01:09:27,560 --> 01:09:29,080 THIS ROLE IN HYPERTENSION AND 2010 01:09:29,080 --> 01:09:33,360 RENAL DISEASE AND FETAL 2011 01:09:33,360 --> 01:09:36,120 PROGRAMMING AND IN DIABETES IT'S 2012 01:09:36,120 --> 01:09:38,760 REALLY A GOOD PLAYER. 2013 01:09:38,760 --> 01:09:42,240 SO DR. CHAPPELL, IS 1 OF THE 2014 01:09:42,240 --> 01:09:43,520 FIRST TO INVESTIGATE SEX 2015 01:09:43,520 --> 01:09:44,440 DIFFERENCES IN HYPERTENSION. 2016 01:09:44,440 --> 01:09:46,800 A LONG TIME BEFORE IT WAS A HOT 2017 01:09:46,800 --> 01:09:48,080 TOPIC AND HE FINALLY CONVINCED 2018 01:09:48,080 --> 01:09:52,440 PEOPLE TO COME OVER TO THIS 2019 01:09:52,440 --> 01:09:53,280 REALIZATION THAT THERE'S 2020 01:09:53,280 --> 01:09:54,280 SOMETHING REALLY IMPORTANT HERE 2021 01:09:54,280 --> 01:09:57,960 THAT THERE'S THIS IMPACT OF 2022 01:09:57,960 --> 01:09:58,800 BYOLOGICAL SEX AND 1 OF THE 2023 01:09:58,800 --> 01:10:01,560 THINGS HE DOES IS HE ESTABLISHES 2024 01:10:01,560 --> 01:10:02,960 REALLY IMPORTANT RAT MODEL WHICH 2025 01:10:02,960 --> 01:10:04,600 IS 1 OF THE MOST STRIKING 2026 01:10:04,600 --> 01:10:06,720 EXAMPLES OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN 2027 01:10:06,720 --> 01:10:08,160 HYPERTENSION. 2028 01:10:08,160 --> 01:10:09,920 AND IT'S REALLY BEEN REALLY 2029 01:10:09,920 --> 01:10:11,040 IMPORTANT MODEL FOR BASIC 2030 01:10:11,040 --> 01:10:12,040 SCIENTISTS TO USE IN STUDYING 2031 01:10:12,040 --> 01:10:17,120 THE MECH INFORMS THAT ARE 2032 01:10:17,120 --> 01:10:18,520 UNDERLYING THESE DIFFERENCES. 2033 01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:20,640 HIS FUNDING HAS BEEN ENVIABLE, I 2034 01:10:20,640 --> 01:10:26,200 THINK HE GOT FUNDED FROM--AS A 2035 01:10:26,200 --> 01:10:27,280 PREDOCTORAL STUDENT AND AS A 2036 01:10:27,280 --> 01:10:31,080 POST DOC AND HE CONTINUES TO BE 2037 01:10:31,080 --> 01:10:31,880 FUNDED. 2038 01:10:31,880 --> 01:10:33,160 IT'S CONTINUOUS, IT'S 2039 01:10:33,160 --> 01:10:40,880 UNINTERRUPTED SINCE 19 INTERRUPN 2040 01:10:40,880 --> 01:10:41,720 ENVIABLE PUBLICATION RECORD, 200 2041 01:10:41,720 --> 01:10:44,200 JOURNAL ARTICLES THAT HAVE BEEN 2042 01:10:44,200 --> 01:10:45,120 CITED OVER 23,000 TIMES. 2043 01:10:45,120 --> 01:10:46,920 HE'S A FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN 2044 01:10:46,920 --> 01:10:48,840 HEART ASSOCIATION ON THE COUNCIL 2045 01:10:48,840 --> 01:10:50,240 ON HYPERTENSION AS PLAYED A BIG 2046 01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:51,840 ROLE IN THE AMERICAN HEART 2047 01:10:51,840 --> 01:10:54,840 ASSOCIATION IN MANY WAYS OF 2048 01:10:54,840 --> 01:10:58,320 DOING SERVICE, AND HE'S FROM 2049 01:10:58,320 --> 01:10:59,680 GRANT REVIEWS TO BEING MEMBERS 2050 01:10:59,680 --> 01:11:01,480 OF LEADERSHIP AND PROGRAM 2051 01:11:01,480 --> 01:11:01,760 COMMITTEES. 2052 01:11:01,760 --> 01:11:04,440 HE'S 1 OF THE THINGS THAT'S 2053 01:11:04,440 --> 01:11:05,360 WONDERFUL ABOUT DR. CHAPEL IS 2054 01:11:05,360 --> 01:11:07,600 NOT ONLY IS THE INCREDIBLE 2055 01:11:07,600 --> 01:11:09,040 SCIENTIST, HE'S ALSO TAKEN THE 2056 01:11:09,040 --> 01:11:12,560 TIME TO MENTOR AND TRAINED OVER 2057 01:11:12,560 --> 01:11:15,280 60 UNDERGRADUATES AND JUNIOR 2058 01:11:15,280 --> 01:11:19,720 FACULTY AND HE'S A REALLY STRONG 2059 01:11:19,720 --> 01:11:21,440 SUPPORTER AND ADVOCATE FOR 2060 01:11:21,440 --> 01:11:23,200 INCREASING CULTURAL AND ETHNIC 2061 01:11:23,200 --> 01:11:24,480 DIVERSITY AND SCIENCE AND I 2062 01:11:24,480 --> 01:11:25,720 APPLAUD HIM FOR THAT AND HE'S 2063 01:11:25,720 --> 01:11:29,040 ALSO THE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. 2064 01:11:29,040 --> 01:11:29,640 BRAZIL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2065 01:11:29,640 --> 01:11:30,800 EXCHANGE PROGRAM AND HE'S GOING 2066 01:11:30,800 --> 01:11:31,880 TO MODERATE OUR SESSION TODAY, 2067 01:11:31,880 --> 01:11:34,680 OUR NEXT SESSION ON THE 2068 01:11:34,680 --> 01:11:36,400 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SEX 2069 01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:38,160 DISPARITIES IN COVID-19 2070 01:11:38,160 --> 01:11:38,440 OUTCOMES. 2071 01:11:38,440 --> 01:11:48,840 SO, MARK, TAKE IT,A WAY. 2072 01:12:03,800 --> 01:12:07,480 >> CAN WE HAVE SOME HELP? 2073 01:12:07,480 --> 01:12:08,680 >> PLEASE UNMUTE YOUR MIC AND 2074 01:12:08,680 --> 01:12:15,640 TURN ON YOUR CAMERA. 2075 01:12:15,640 --> 01:12:18,000 ANOTHER INTERESTING FACT ABOUT 2076 01:12:18,000 --> 01:12:21,800 DR. CHAPPELL, IS THAT HE'S AN 2077 01:12:21,800 --> 01:12:22,040 ARTIST. 2078 01:12:22,040 --> 01:12:23,720 I HAVE SEVERAL PHOTOGRAPHS HE'S 2079 01:12:23,720 --> 01:12:25,360 DONE IN MY LIVING ROOM AND HE'S 2080 01:12:25,360 --> 01:12:27,800 GOTTEN INTO SOUND SO IF YOU HAVE 2081 01:12:27,800 --> 01:12:28,800 ANY STEREO QUESTIONS, GO 2082 01:12:28,800 --> 01:12:31,400 DIRECTLY TO HIM, MARK? 2083 01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:32,480 >> OKAY, OKAY, WE GOTTA STOP 2084 01:12:32,480 --> 01:12:39,240 NOW, THIS IS GETTING--[LAUGHTER] 2085 01:12:39,240 --> 01:12:40,080 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2086 01:12:40,080 --> 01:12:43,880 THAT WAS A WONDERFUL 2087 01:12:43,880 --> 01:12:44,200 INTRODUCTION. 2088 01:12:44,200 --> 01:12:54,680 I'M TRYING TO GET BACK TO MY 2089 01:12:55,120 --> 01:12:58,320 POWER POINT AND THE OVERVIEW OF 2090 01:12:58,320 --> 01:12:58,920 THE SLIDES. 2091 01:12:58,920 --> 01:13:00,120 >> DO YOU SEE THEM SIR? 2092 01:13:00,120 --> 01:13:01,640 >> ARE YOU ABLE TO PULL THEM? 2093 01:13:01,640 --> 01:13:03,880 >> SURE, I HAVE THEM RIGHT HERE. 2094 01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:04,720 >> GREAT MUCH. 2095 01:13:04,720 --> 01:13:15,200 >> OKAY, THANK YOU, GREAT. 2096 01:13:23,880 --> 01:13:24,360 >> NO PROBLEM. 2097 01:13:24,360 --> 01:13:29,840 CAN YOU SEE THEM SIR? 2098 01:13:29,840 --> 01:13:30,120 >> YEAH. 2099 01:13:30,120 --> 01:13:31,320 JUST TELL ME NEXT SLIDE. 2100 01:13:31,320 --> 01:13:32,720 I WILL ADVANCE THEM. 2101 01:13:32,720 --> 01:13:33,200 >> THANK YOU AGAIN. 2102 01:13:33,200 --> 01:13:37,120 THANK YOU FOR THE WONDERFUL 2103 01:13:37,120 --> 01:13:37,440 INTRODUCTION. 2104 01:13:37,440 --> 01:13:40,640 LET ME JUST ALSO REPLY TO 2105 01:13:40,640 --> 01:13:41,720 KATHRYN AND I HAVE KNOWN EACH 2106 01:13:41,720 --> 01:13:45,280 OTHER FOR A LONG TIME AND IT'S 2107 01:13:45,280 --> 01:13:46,440 BEEN AN INTERESTING PROFESSIONAL 2108 01:13:46,440 --> 01:13:48,600 RELATIONSHIP GROUNDED IN OUR 2109 01:13:48,600 --> 01:13:50,640 INTERESTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR 2110 01:13:50,640 --> 01:13:52,360 REGULATION IN SEX DIFFERENCES 2111 01:13:52,360 --> 01:13:55,120 AND I'VE REALLY ENJOYED MY 2112 01:13:55,120 --> 01:13:57,400 RELATIONSHIP WITH KATHRYN OVER 2113 01:13:57,400 --> 01:13:59,280 THE YEARS, ATTENDING MEETINGS, 2114 01:13:59,280 --> 01:14:02,000 BEING ON STUDY SECTION, 2115 01:14:02,000 --> 01:14:03,080 REVIEWING EACH OTHERS PAPERS AND 2116 01:14:03,080 --> 01:14:05,760 I THINK IT'S ALWAYS A BENEFIT TO 2117 01:14:05,760 --> 01:14:07,120 ME, AND CERTAINLY 1 I WOULD 2118 01:14:07,120 --> 01:14:11,560 CONSIDER HER 1 OF MY BEST 2119 01:14:11,560 --> 01:14:12,720 COLLEAGUES PARTICULARLY IN TERMS 2120 01:14:12,720 --> 01:14:18,160 OF SEX REGULATION AND 2121 01:14:18,160 --> 01:14:18,880 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 2122 01:14:18,880 --> 01:14:21,320 SO I JUST WANT TO REITERATE AS 2123 01:14:21,320 --> 01:14:22,280 PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED THIS 2124 01:14:22,280 --> 01:14:23,680 WORKSHOP, THE ATTEMPT OF THIS 2125 01:14:23,680 --> 01:14:25,720 WORKSHOP IS TO BRING TOGETHER 2126 01:14:25,720 --> 01:14:27,120 BASICALLY CLINICAL SCIENTISTS TO 2127 01:14:27,120 --> 01:14:28,840 REVIEW THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND 2128 01:14:28,840 --> 01:14:29,760 KNOWLEDGE GAPS IN OUR 2129 01:14:29,760 --> 01:14:31,880 UNDERSTANDING OF SEX AND GENDER 2130 01:14:31,880 --> 01:14:33,080 DIFFERENCES OF COVID-19 OUTCOMES 2131 01:14:33,080 --> 01:14:36,160 THAT ARE RELEVANT TO THE HEART, 2132 01:14:36,160 --> 01:14:38,200 LUNG, BLOOD AND SLEEP DISORDERS. 2133 01:14:38,200 --> 01:14:42,040 THE GOAL IS TO PROMOZ STRATEGIES 2134 01:14:42,040 --> 01:14:44,880 TO FACILITATE THE TRANSLATION OF 2135 01:14:44,880 --> 01:14:46,240 BASIC BIOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES, 2136 01:14:46,240 --> 01:14:47,640 ALWAYS RATHER DIFFICULT INTO 2137 01:14:47,640 --> 01:14:48,600 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE 2138 01:14:48,600 --> 01:14:52,280 OUR ABILITY TO DEVELOP SEX 2139 01:14:52,280 --> 01:14:53,800 GENDER SPECIFIC PREVENTION, 2140 01:14:53,800 --> 01:14:54,960 INTERVENTION AND IMPLEMENTATION 2141 01:14:54,960 --> 01:14:58,520 STRATEGIES FROM COVID-19 RELATED 2142 01:14:58,520 --> 01:15:01,040 DISORDERS AND I THINK SPRVEGLY 2143 01:15:01,040 --> 01:15:02,240 FOR THIS SESSION, WHAT WE'RE 2144 01:15:02,240 --> 01:15:05,880 ATTEMPTING TO DO IS IDENTIFY 2145 01:15:05,880 --> 01:15:07,240 MECHANISMS REGARDING SARS-COV-2 2146 01:15:07,240 --> 01:15:08,600 INFECTION THAT UNDERLIE SEX 2147 01:15:08,600 --> 01:15:11,600 SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN COVID-19 2148 01:15:11,600 --> 01:15:12,480 OUTCOMES, BEING THE ACUTE 2149 01:15:12,480 --> 01:15:15,160 DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF INITIAL 2150 01:15:15,160 --> 01:15:18,800 INFECTION OR APPRECIATING NOW 2151 01:15:18,800 --> 01:15:20,840 THESE LONG-TERM OUTCOMES 2152 01:15:20,840 --> 01:15:22,840 PARTICULARLY THOSE THAT AGAIN 2153 01:15:22,840 --> 01:15:24,800 DISTINGUISHING ACUTE LONG-TERM 2154 01:15:24,800 --> 01:15:26,680 COVID RELATED DISORDERS, LET ME 2155 01:15:26,680 --> 01:15:27,840 ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE THE TREMENDOUS 2156 01:15:27,840 --> 01:15:29,840 EFFORTS OF THE ORGANIZING TEAM 2157 01:15:29,840 --> 01:15:34,360 FROM NIH AND SYNERGY AND 2158 01:15:34,360 --> 01:15:35,800 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE], AND CO 2159 01:15:35,800 --> 01:15:38,160 CHAIRS THAT HAVE PLANNED AND 2160 01:15:38,160 --> 01:15:39,600 CONSTRUCTED THESE SESSIONS. 2161 01:15:39,600 --> 01:15:42,480 LET ME ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE MICHAELS 2162 01:15:42,480 --> 01:15:43,320 TESTIMONY AND SHARING HIS 2163 01:15:43,320 --> 01:15:45,600 PERSONAL VIEWS ON COVID AND AS 2164 01:15:45,600 --> 01:15:47,600 KATHRYN SAID FOR BASIC 2165 01:15:47,600 --> 01:15:48,240 RESEARCHERS, CLINICAL 2166 01:15:48,240 --> 01:15:49,920 RESEARCHERS, IT'S REALLY 2167 01:15:49,920 --> 01:15:51,040 CRITICAL TO HEAR FROM PATIENTS 2168 01:15:51,040 --> 01:15:53,480 AND THEIR PERSONAL VIEWS, IN 2169 01:15:53,480 --> 01:15:57,680 THIS CASE ON THE MANIFESTATIONS 2170 01:15:57,680 --> 01:16:00,160 OF COVID-19. 2171 01:16:00,160 --> 01:16:01,280 NEXT SLIDE. 2172 01:16:01,280 --> 01:16:04,000 SO TO BEGIN THIS SESSION, LET ME 2173 01:16:04,000 --> 01:16:06,320 FIRST INTRODUCE OUR EXCEPTIONAL 2174 01:16:06,320 --> 01:16:10,040 PANEL OF SPEAKERS TO ADDRESS 2175 01:16:10,040 --> 01:16:15,320 THESE TOPICS INCLUDING STANLEY 2176 01:16:15,320 --> 01:16:21,640 PERLMAN, DANIEL BAROUCH, 2177 01:16:21,640 --> 01:16:24,320 EILEEN SCULLY, AND DR. JOHN 2178 01:16:24,320 --> 01:16:27,840 TSANG, TO BEGIN WITH 2179 01:16:27,840 --> 01:16:30,400 DR. PERLMAN, OUT OF IOWA, HIS 2180 01:16:30,400 --> 01:16:33,400 LONG EXPERTISE FOCUS ON CORONA 2181 01:16:33,400 --> 01:16:35,920 VIRUS PATHOGENESIS AND INCLUDING 2182 01:16:35,920 --> 01:16:40,080 DEMILENNATION AND THE SARS, 2183 01:16:40,080 --> 01:16:42,120 MERSS AND COVID-19, PARTICULARLY 2184 01:16:42,120 --> 01:16:43,480 MECHANISMS BY WHICH AGE PATIENTS 2185 01:16:43,480 --> 01:16:45,560 IN MICE DEVELOP MORE SEVERE 2186 01:16:45,560 --> 01:16:48,280 DISEASE THAN YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS 2187 01:16:48,280 --> 01:16:49,800 AFTER INFECTION WITH SARS COV1 2188 01:16:49,800 --> 01:16:52,600 AND 2 AS WELL AS MALE 2189 01:16:52,600 --> 01:16:54,080 PREDOMINANCE OF PATIENTS WITH 2190 01:16:54,080 --> 01:16:56,240 MORE SEVERE DISEASE, AND THAT'S 2191 01:16:56,240 --> 01:17:00,280 OBVIOUSLY HIGHLY REALLY VANT FOR 2192 01:17:00,280 --> 01:17:03,440 TODAY'S SESSION. 2193 01:17:03,440 --> 01:17:06,680 DR. BAROUCH, IS THE PROFESSOR OF 2194 01:17:06,680 --> 01:17:07,360 IMMUNOLOGY AT HARREGARDVILLE 2195 01:17:07,360 --> 01:17:10,120 CENTER AND THE CENTER FOR 2196 01:17:10,120 --> 01:17:14,800 VIROLOGY AND VACCINE RESEARCH AT 2197 01:17:14,800 --> 01:17:15,840 BETH-ISRAEL MEDICAL CENTER IN 2198 01:17:15,840 --> 01:17:16,840 MASSACHUSETTS AND HIS EXPERTISE 2199 01:17:16,840 --> 01:17:19,160 FOCUS ON THE VIRAL INFECTIONS 2200 01:17:19,160 --> 01:17:20,480 DEVELOPING NOVEL VACCINE AND 2201 01:17:20,480 --> 01:17:21,160 TREATMENT STRATEGIES. 2202 01:17:21,160 --> 01:17:23,480 THIS GROUP HAS ALSO LED TO THE 2203 01:17:23,480 --> 01:17:27,600 DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINE 2204 01:17:27,600 --> 01:17:30,400 CANDCANDIDATES AND TEBERKULOSEIS 2205 01:17:30,400 --> 01:17:30,960 AND SARS KICKOFF-2 WHICH 2206 01:17:30,960 --> 01:17:34,240 CONTRIBUTED TO THE JOHNSON AND 2207 01:17:34,240 --> 01:17:38,680 JANUARY COVID-19 VACCINE AS WELL 2208 01:17:38,680 --> 01:17:43,120 AS OTHER MULTIPLE COVID VACCINE 2209 01:17:43,120 --> 01:17:45,880 AND THERAPEUTICS. 2210 01:17:45,880 --> 01:17:48,480 DR. SCULLY IS INFECT YOWZ 2211 01:17:48,480 --> 01:17:50,360 DISEASES AND PHYSICIAN 2212 01:17:50,360 --> 01:17:51,560 SPECIALIZING IN CARE OF PEOPLE 2213 01:17:51,560 --> 01:17:54,760 LIVING WITH HIV INFECTION, LEADS 2214 01:17:54,760 --> 01:17:56,760 A LOT OF INVESTIGATIVE IMMUNE 2215 01:17:56,760 --> 01:17:59,760 RESPONSES TO HIV AND HIV CURE 2216 01:17:59,760 --> 01:18:01,800 INTERVEKSS THAT FOCUSES ON 2217 01:18:01,800 --> 01:18:03,840 BIOLOGICAL SEX, IMMUNE RESPONSES 2218 01:18:03,840 --> 01:18:08,240 AND HIV AND SARS-COV-2 SYNDROMES 2219 01:18:08,240 --> 01:18:09,760 AND FINALLY DR. TSANG IS A 2220 01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:12,920 SENIOR INVESTIGATOR AT THE IN, 2221 01:18:12,920 --> 01:18:16,120 IH, INTRAMURAL PROGRAM FOCUSING 2222 01:18:16,120 --> 01:18:17,240 ON SYSTEMS QUANTITATIVE 2223 01:18:17,240 --> 01:18:19,040 IMMUNOLOGY WITH THE NIAID, AND 2224 01:18:19,040 --> 01:18:20,360 CHIEF OF THE MULTISCALE SYSTEMS 2225 01:18:20,360 --> 01:18:25,720 BIOLOGY SECTION AND CO DIRECTS 2226 01:18:25,720 --> 01:18:26,760 THE TRANS-CENTER IN IMMUNOLOGY 2227 01:18:26,760 --> 01:18:28,560 AND LEADS THE PROGRAM IN 2228 01:18:28,560 --> 01:18:30,200 IMMUNOLOGY, HIS WORK INVOLVES 2229 01:18:30,200 --> 01:18:34,880 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND IMMUNE 2230 01:18:34,880 --> 01:18:36,480 RESPONSE FOR SARS-COV-2 AND 2231 01:18:36,480 --> 01:18:39,640 FINALLY AS YOUR MODERATOR I AM A 2232 01:18:39,640 --> 01:18:41,440 PROFESSOR AT WAKE FOREST 2233 01:18:41,440 --> 01:18:45,520 UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MOODS --MEE 2234 01:18:45,520 --> 01:18:47,880 AT NORTH CAROLINA, I HAVE 2235 01:18:47,880 --> 01:18:50,040 STUDIED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2236 01:18:50,040 --> 01:18:52,440 FOR THE PAST 40 YEARS THAT 2237 01:18:52,440 --> 01:18:55,960 INCLUDES SEX DIFFERENCES IN 2238 01:18:55,960 --> 01:18:57,320 PRESSURE AND DAMAGE ORGANS AND 2239 01:18:57,320 --> 01:18:58,840 MORE RECENTLY THE IMPACT OF 2240 01:18:58,840 --> 01:19:03,760 COVID-19 RELATED EVENTS ON THE 2241 01:19:03,760 --> 01:19:05,440 RENAL AND ANGIO TENSEIN SYSTEM. 2242 01:19:05,440 --> 01:19:05,880 NEXT SLIDE. 2243 01:19:05,880 --> 01:19:08,640 SO IN OUR SESSION WE HAVE 5 2244 01:19:08,640 --> 01:19:10,520 SCHEDULED TALK THAT WILL BE 2245 01:19:10,520 --> 01:19:11,640 FOLLOWED BY DISCUSSION PERIOD AT 2246 01:19:11,640 --> 01:19:15,440 THE END OF THE LAST TALK. 2247 01:19:15,440 --> 01:19:16,680 I WILL LEAD OFF THIS SESSION 2248 01:19:16,680 --> 01:19:19,760 WITH A PRESENTATION ON SIGNALING 2249 01:19:19,760 --> 01:19:20,800 AND SARS-COV-2 ENTRY REGULATION 2250 01:19:20,800 --> 01:19:22,400 AND EFFECTS, THIS WILL BE 2251 01:19:22,400 --> 01:19:25,320 FOLLOWED BY DR. PERLMAN'S TALK 2252 01:19:25,320 --> 01:19:30,280 ON ANIMAL MODELS FOR OOSK 19 AND 2253 01:19:30,280 --> 01:19:34,640 DR. BAROUCH'S TALK ON SEX 2254 01:19:34,640 --> 01:19:36,200 DIFFERENCES ON OOSK 19 VACCINES 2255 01:19:36,200 --> 01:19:42,600 AND THEN FOLLOWED BY 2256 01:19:42,600 --> 01:19:43,960 DR. SCULLY'S TALK ON IMMUNE 2257 01:19:43,960 --> 01:19:48,920 RESPONSE IN COVID-19 AND THEN 2258 01:19:48,920 --> 01:19:50,320 MULTIOMICS SINGLE CELL 2259 01:19:50,320 --> 01:19:54,560 DISSECTION OF INFLUENZA VACCINE 2260 01:19:54,560 --> 01:19:56,200 REVEAL SEX DEPENDENT IMMUNE 2261 01:19:56,200 --> 01:20:00,320 IMPRANTS AFTER RECOVERY FROM 2262 01:20:00,320 --> 01:20:05,240 MILD COVID-19, BY DR. TSANG AND 2263 01:20:05,240 --> 01:20:06,960 SINCE I'M BEING PAID BY THE 2264 01:20:06,960 --> 01:20:10,280 WORD, I APPRECIATE DR. TSANG'S 2265 01:20:10,280 --> 01:20:12,600 TITLE BECAUSE I CAN VACATION 2266 01:20:12,600 --> 01:20:14,240 DOWN AT MYRTLE BEACH. 2267 01:20:14,240 --> 01:20:20,800 SO I WANT TO EMPHASIZE THESE 2268 01:20:20,800 --> 01:20:23,360 EFFECTS IN TERMS OF OF THE 2269 01:20:23,360 --> 01:20:24,720 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF ACUTE 2270 01:20:24,720 --> 01:20:27,680 EFFECTS OF SARS AND ITS 2271 01:20:27,680 --> 01:20:28,920 RELATIONSHIP TO THE ANGIO 2272 01:20:28,920 --> 01:20:29,560 TENSIVE SYSTEM. 2273 01:20:29,560 --> 01:20:33,240 I HAVE NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 2274 01:20:33,240 --> 01:20:36,880 TO DECLARE CONCERNING THIS 2275 01:20:36,880 --> 01:20:37,200 PRESENTATION. 2276 01:20:37,200 --> 01:20:37,520 NEXT SLIDE. 2277 01:20:37,520 --> 01:20:39,040 SO AS MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS 2278 01:20:39,040 --> 01:20:43,760 TALKS, IT'S NOW WELL ESTABLISHED 2279 01:20:43,760 --> 01:20:46,640 THAT ACE 2 OR ANGIO TENSEINS 2 2280 01:20:46,640 --> 01:20:49,840 IS THE ACE RECEPTOR, ACE 2 IS A 2281 01:20:49,840 --> 01:20:51,200 LARGE PEPTIDE O EDUCATIONAL ACE 2282 01:20:51,200 --> 01:20:53,240 THAT'S PREMARKET AUTHORIZATION 2283 01:20:53,240 --> 01:20:55,880 BRAIN BOUND OR SURFACE BROWN 2284 01:20:55,880 --> 01:20:59,480 ALTHOUGH THOSE ARE FOUND IN 2285 01:20:59,480 --> 01:21:02,720 BLOOD, URAN AND IT METABOLIZES 2286 01:21:02,720 --> 01:21:04,560 VARIOUS PEPTIDES THAT ARE 2287 01:21:04,560 --> 01:21:06,200 RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2288 01:21:06,200 --> 01:21:11,520 PARTICULARLY IN THE RENAL AND 2289 01:21:11,520 --> 01:21:15,800 ANGIO TENSEINS SYSTEM, IT 2290 01:21:15,800 --> 01:21:17,400 PRESENTS MULTITETARGETS FOR THE 2291 01:21:17,400 --> 01:21:19,360 SARS VIRUS, IT'S GENTLEMENLY 2292 01:21:19,360 --> 01:21:20,360 CONSIDERED THE POINT OF ENTRY 2293 01:21:20,360 --> 01:21:23,760 FOR THE SARS VIRUS BUT ACE 2 2294 01:21:23,760 --> 01:21:26,640 EXHIBITS DISTRIBUTION LIKE GUT, 2295 01:21:26,640 --> 01:21:28,040 HEART, BRAIN, KIDNEY, OVARY, AND 2296 01:21:28,040 --> 01:21:30,160 SO NOT ONLY IS IT A POINT OF 2297 01:21:30,160 --> 01:21:34,120 ENTRY FOR SARS BUT SARS 2298 01:21:34,120 --> 01:21:39,720 INFLUENCING ACE 2 EXPRESSION CAN 2299 01:21:39,720 --> 01:21:41,120 THEN IMPACT THE ORGAN FUNCTION 2300 01:21:41,120 --> 01:21:43,360 OF EACH OF THESE TISSUES THROUGH 2301 01:21:43,360 --> 01:21:44,760 THE REGULATION OR DISREGULATION 2302 01:21:44,760 --> 01:21:47,040 OF THE ANCHLIO TENSEIN SYSTEM, 2303 01:21:47,040 --> 01:21:47,680 EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SUGGEST 2304 01:21:47,680 --> 01:21:49,840 THAD BLOCK AID OF THE SYSTEM 2305 01:21:49,840 --> 01:21:52,920 PARTICULARLY THRIEWS ACE 2306 01:21:52,920 --> 01:21:55,840 INHIBITORS OR PROTAGONIST FOR 2307 01:21:55,840 --> 01:21:56,720 THE CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS 2308 01:21:56,720 --> 01:21:58,440 INCREASE ACE 2 EXPRESSION AND 2309 01:21:58,440 --> 01:22:00,040 ACTIVITY AND HIGHER ACE TBO 2310 01:22:00,040 --> 01:22:01,760 ACTIVITY THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO 2311 01:22:01,760 --> 01:22:03,600 THE BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING 2312 01:22:03,600 --> 01:22:07,640 CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF RAS 2313 01:22:07,640 --> 01:22:08,200 BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS. 2314 01:22:08,200 --> 01:22:10,240 THIS COULD PRESENT ISSUES IN 2315 01:22:10,240 --> 01:22:14,320 TERMS EVER IS IT FACILITATING 2316 01:22:14,320 --> 01:22:17,160 SARS ENTRY INTO TISSUES, AND IT 2317 01:22:17,160 --> 01:22:20,000 HAS LED TO A LOT OF CONTROVERSY 2318 01:22:20,000 --> 01:22:22,680 ABOUT TAKING PATIENTS OFF THESE 2319 01:22:22,680 --> 01:22:25,880 AGENTS TO CONTROL BLOOD 2320 01:22:25,880 --> 01:22:26,160 PRESSURE. 2321 01:22:26,160 --> 01:22:30,640 SARS IS--ACE 2 IS LOCATED ON THE 2322 01:22:30,640 --> 01:22:32,640 X-CHROMOSOME AND THIS SEX, 2323 01:22:32,640 --> 01:22:33,920 LOCALIZATION OF ACE 2 MAY 2324 01:22:33,920 --> 01:22:35,880 REFLECT DIFFERENCES ON ACE 2 2325 01:22:35,880 --> 01:22:37,840 EXPRESSION OR ITS PRODUCT, THAT 2326 01:22:37,840 --> 01:22:39,320 COULD CONTRIBUTE TO 2327 01:22:39,320 --> 01:22:40,600 CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTION 2328 01:22:40,600 --> 01:22:42,120 PARTICULARLY IN WOMEN. 2329 01:22:42,120 --> 01:22:44,000 AND FINALLY, ACE 2 COMPLEXES 2330 01:22:44,000 --> 01:22:48,000 WITH THE SERIES POINTSINE 2331 01:22:48,000 --> 01:22:49,240 PROTEASE, TMPRSS 2 WHICH IS 2332 01:22:49,240 --> 01:22:51,480 NECESSARY TO STIMULATE THE 2333 01:22:51,480 --> 01:22:52,600 INTERNALIZATION OF SARS-CCROSS 2334 01:22:52,600 --> 01:22:56,080 LINKING V-2 FOR INFECTION. 2335 01:22:56,080 --> 01:22:56,400 NEXT SLIDE. 2336 01:22:56,400 --> 01:22:58,240 I WAS SHOWN IN THIS SLIDE, THIS 2337 01:22:58,240 --> 01:23:02,000 IS A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE 2338 01:23:02,000 --> 01:23:03,160 BINDING, AND INTERNALIZATION OF 2339 01:23:03,160 --> 01:23:08,480 SARS, WITH THE ACE 2 TMPR 2340 01:23:08,480 --> 01:23:13,880 COMPLEX, THE SPIKE DOMAIN WHICH 2341 01:23:13,880 --> 01:23:15,240 THE SPIKE PROTEIN COMPRISED THIS 2342 01:23:15,240 --> 01:23:17,760 1 AND IT INITIALLY BINDS WITH 2343 01:23:17,760 --> 01:23:19,280 HIGH AFFINITY TO SURFACE BOUND 2344 01:23:19,280 --> 01:23:22,560 ACE 2, THIS CASES A COMPLEX WITH 2345 01:23:22,560 --> 01:23:25,480 TMPRSS2 WHICH CLEAVES THE S1 2346 01:23:25,480 --> 01:23:27,080 DOMAIN CAUSING CONFIRMATIONAL 2347 01:23:27,080 --> 01:23:36,440 CHANGE IN SARS VIRUS ACE 2 2348 01:23:36,440 --> 01:23:39,240 COMPLEX AND INTERNALIZATION, AND 2349 01:23:39,240 --> 01:23:40,480 IMMUNE RESPONSES BY THE SARS 2350 01:23:40,480 --> 01:23:42,760 VIRUS AS WELL AS DOWN REGULATION 2351 01:23:42,760 --> 01:23:49,320 BASE 2 AND TARGET TISSUES, NEXT 2352 01:23:49,320 --> 01:23:49,520 SLIDE. 2353 01:23:49,520 --> 01:23:53,280 I'M SORRY, CAN YOU GO BACK 1? 2354 01:23:53,280 --> 01:23:56,200 I SHOULD ALSO MENTION THAT THIS 2355 01:23:56,200 --> 01:23:57,920 EXISTING SEARCH THAT SUGGESTS 2356 01:23:57,920 --> 01:24:02,320 THAT BOTH ACE 2 AND TMPRSS2 ARE 2357 01:24:02,320 --> 01:24:03,640 ANDROGEN RESPONSIVE MEANING THAT 2358 01:24:03,640 --> 01:24:05,200 ANDROGENS CAN INCREASE THE 2359 01:24:05,200 --> 01:24:07,000 EXPRESSION OF BOTH TMPR AND ACE 2360 01:24:07,000 --> 01:24:08,760 2 THAT MAY REFLECT THE 2361 01:24:08,760 --> 01:24:13,440 DIFFERENCES OF THE SEVERITY OF 2362 01:24:13,440 --> 01:24:16,240 SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN MALES. 2363 01:24:16,240 --> 01:24:17,120 NEXT SLIDE. 2364 01:24:17,120 --> 01:24:19,240 AND INDEED LEACH AND COLLEAGUES 2365 01:24:19,240 --> 01:24:23,040 SHOWED THAT THE ANDROGEN 2366 01:24:23,040 --> 01:24:25,120 RECEPTOR TMPRSS2, AND THESE ARE 2367 01:24:25,120 --> 01:24:27,160 CO LOCALIZED WITHIN HUMAN 2368 01:24:27,160 --> 01:24:29,600 PULMONARY TISSUE WITHIN THE TYPE 2369 01:24:29,600 --> 01:24:31,400 2 ALVEOLAR CELLS SUGGESTING 2370 01:24:31,400 --> 01:24:33,880 THESE MAY WORK IN CONCERT TO 2371 01:24:33,880 --> 01:24:37,240 REGULATE THIS VERSION OF THE 2372 01:24:37,240 --> 01:24:41,400 TMPRS 2 AND THESE INVESTIGATORS 2373 01:24:41,400 --> 01:24:44,960 ALSO FIND AND RECEPTOR AND 2374 01:24:44,960 --> 01:24:48,240 GLUTEMID AND ENSWRO GLUTEMID 2375 01:24:48,240 --> 01:24:50,920 ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST 2376 01:24:50,920 --> 01:24:53,000 REDUCE THE INTERNALIZATION OF 2377 01:24:53,000 --> 01:24:55,280 THE SARS-SPIKE PROTEIN AND A549 2378 01:24:55,280 --> 01:24:56,920 CELLS THESE ARE HUMAN ALVEOLAR 2379 01:24:56,920 --> 01:24:59,720 CELL LINE AND THEY ALSO REDUCED 2380 01:24:59,720 --> 01:25:01,560 THE VIRAL INFECTION IN THESE 2381 01:25:01,560 --> 01:25:03,800 CELLS, SO SUGGESTING THAT 2382 01:25:03,800 --> 01:25:06,640 BLOCKADED ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MAY 2383 01:25:06,640 --> 01:25:12,160 INFLUENCE THE SARS INFECTION. 2384 01:25:12,160 --> 01:25:12,680 NEXT SLIDE. 2385 01:25:12,680 --> 01:25:16,320 AND SO THIS LED TO THIS 2386 01:25:16,320 --> 01:25:17,400 HYPOTHESIS THAT BLOCKING 2387 01:25:17,400 --> 01:25:21,440 ANDROGEN RECEPTORS TO REDUCE THE 2388 01:25:21,440 --> 01:25:22,280 EXPRESSION OF TMPRSS2 AND 2389 01:25:22,280 --> 01:25:26,040 POSSIBLY ACE 2 MAY BE A 2390 01:25:26,040 --> 01:25:28,240 PREVENTATIVE MECHANISM IN 2391 01:25:28,240 --> 01:25:29,000 ATTENUATING SARS BINDING AND 2392 01:25:29,000 --> 01:25:30,600 INFECTION OF THE CELLS 2393 01:25:30,600 --> 01:25:40,120 PARTICULARLY IN THE LUNG, NEXT 2394 01:25:40,120 --> 01:25:40,880 SLIDE. 2395 01:25:40,880 --> 01:25:42,400 HOWEVER, [INDISCERNIBLE] ET ALL 2396 01:25:42,400 --> 01:25:46,080 REPORTED ALMOST NO SEX 2397 01:25:46,080 --> 01:25:47,640 DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF ACE 2 2398 01:25:47,640 --> 01:25:49,840 EXPRESSION IN THE LUNGS OF MALES 2399 01:25:49,840 --> 01:25:51,800 AND FEMALES THEY ALSO FOUND NO 2400 01:25:51,800 --> 01:25:54,560 EVIDENCE OF ANDROGEN REGULATION 2401 01:25:54,560 --> 01:25:58,280 OF THE MURINE TMPRSS2, THAT'S 2402 01:25:58,280 --> 01:25:59,680 OCCURRING IN PROSTATE NOW THEY 2403 01:25:59,680 --> 01:26:01,800 DID FIND THAT MALES EXHIBITED 2404 01:26:01,800 --> 01:26:04,520 HIGHER EXPRESSION OF ACE 2 THAN 2405 01:26:04,520 --> 01:26:06,000 MALE NONSMOKERS OR FEMALE 2406 01:26:06,000 --> 01:26:07,040 SMOKERS SUGGESTING THAT SMOKING 2407 01:26:07,040 --> 01:26:10,600 AT LEAST FOR MALES MAY BE A RISK 2408 01:26:10,600 --> 01:26:14,160 FACTOR FOR HIGHER SARS INFECTION 2409 01:26:14,160 --> 01:26:15,560 AND SEVERITY OF INFECTION. 2410 01:26:15,560 --> 01:26:21,160 NOW 2 CLINICAL TRIALS LOOKING AT 2411 01:26:21,160 --> 01:26:22,360 ANDROGEN BLOCKADE, THEIR 2412 01:26:22,360 --> 01:26:24,080 FINDINGS WERE RECENTLY PUBLISHED 2413 01:26:24,080 --> 01:26:25,920 AND THIS INCLUDED THE HITCH AND 2414 01:26:25,920 --> 01:26:29,000 THE NSAID TRIAL THE HITCH 2415 01:26:29,000 --> 01:26:36,080 RELEASE WITH DEGA RELIX HOUR,EN 2416 01:26:36,080 --> 01:26:37,360 THIS TRIAL WAS TERMINATED EARLY 2417 01:26:37,360 --> 01:26:39,240 AND IT FAILED TO SHOW BENEFIT 2418 01:26:39,240 --> 01:26:41,920 FROM THE PRIMARY OR SECONDARY 2419 01:26:41,920 --> 01:26:42,320 OUTCOMES. 2420 01:26:42,320 --> 01:26:51,800 IN TERMS OF COVIDENZA, USED 2421 01:26:51,800 --> 01:26:53,840 AN ANTAGONIST TO BLOCK IT AND 2422 01:26:53,840 --> 01:26:55,000 SHOWED POSSIBLY WORSENED 2423 01:26:55,000 --> 01:27:00,320 COVID-19 SYMPTOMS IN BOTH MEN 2424 01:27:00,320 --> 01:27:03,720 TAKING ENZALUTAMIDE, AND THIS 2425 01:27:03,720 --> 01:27:04,960 WAS PRIMARILY TERMINATED DUE TO 2426 01:27:04,960 --> 01:27:05,640 LACK OF BENEFIT. 2427 01:27:05,640 --> 01:27:06,000 NEXT SLIDE. 2428 01:27:06,000 --> 01:27:12,400 NOW IN THAT STUDY FROM THE COVID 2429 01:27:12,400 --> 01:27:16,680 TRIAL, THEY ALSO LOOKED AT 2430 01:27:16,680 --> 01:27:22,600 PRIMARY LUNG ALVEOLAR CELLS AND 2431 01:27:22,600 --> 01:27:23,920 LOOKED AT ENZOLUTAMID ON ACE 2 2432 01:27:23,920 --> 01:27:24,920 EXPRESSION AND CONSIST WENT THE 2433 01:27:24,920 --> 01:27:27,200 RESULTS OF THE TRIALS OF 2434 01:27:27,200 --> 01:27:28,840 PATIENTS, THESE INVESTIGATORS 2435 01:27:28,840 --> 01:27:30,400 FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT 2436 01:27:30,400 --> 01:27:31,560 BLOCKADE AND ANDROGEN RECEPTORS 2437 01:27:31,560 --> 01:27:35,760 HAD ANY EFFECT ON SARS-COV-2 2438 01:27:35,760 --> 01:27:38,080 INFECTION EITHER IN MALES OR 2439 01:27:38,080 --> 01:27:39,400 FEMALES OF PRIMARY LUNG CELLS, 2440 01:27:39,400 --> 01:27:42,480 AND THEY ALSO SHOWED THAT 2441 01:27:42,480 --> 01:27:44,400 ANDROGEN BLOCKADE FAILED TO 2442 01:27:44,400 --> 01:27:48,720 EFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF TMPR OR 2443 01:27:48,720 --> 01:27:51,960 ACE 2 IN THESE PULMONARY CELLS 2444 01:27:51,960 --> 01:27:57,400 SUGGESTING THAT INDEED ANDROGEN 2445 01:27:57,400 --> 01:27:59,040 BLOCKADE MAY NOT BE THE 2446 01:27:59,040 --> 01:28:00,800 MECHANISM FOR SEVERITY IN MALES 2447 01:28:00,800 --> 01:28:05,320 IN THESE PATIENTS, NEXT SLIDE. 2448 01:28:05,320 --> 01:28:06,360 >> ABOUT 2 MINUTES. 2449 01:28:06,360 --> 01:28:09,880 >> SO WHAT ABOUT, IS IT POSSIBLE 2450 01:28:09,880 --> 01:28:13,160 THAT SEX DIFFERENCES MAY REFLECT 2451 01:28:13,160 --> 01:28:15,120 ALTERATIONS IN RAS, THIS SLIDE 2452 01:28:15,120 --> 01:28:16,120 IS ESSENTIALLY DEPICTING THE 2 2453 01:28:16,120 --> 01:28:19,000 ARMS OF THE RAS WHERE SARS CAN 2454 01:28:19,000 --> 01:28:21,400 DOWN REGULATE ACE 2 AND WE DO 2455 01:28:21,400 --> 01:28:23,840 SAY THE 1-7 ARM ESTROGEN CAN 2456 01:28:23,840 --> 01:28:26,520 BUFFER THIS EFFECT, GENERALLY 2457 01:28:26,520 --> 01:28:28,960 ESTROGEN HAS BENEFITS IN TERMS 2458 01:28:28,960 --> 01:28:31,400 OF 1-7 ACCESS, IN CONTRAST SARS 2459 01:28:31,400 --> 01:28:34,240 MAY ENHANCE THE EDGE 2 ACCESS 2460 01:28:34,240 --> 01:28:35,920 VIA INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND 2461 01:28:35,920 --> 01:28:37,760 ANDROGENS GENERALLY HAVE A 2462 01:28:37,760 --> 01:28:41,400 STIMLATTORY EFFECT ON THE 2463 01:28:41,400 --> 01:28:45,160 X-AXIS. 2464 01:28:45,160 --> 01:28:46,480 NEXT SLIDE. 2465 01:28:46,480 --> 01:28:48,080 NEXT SLIDE--GO BACK 1. 2466 01:28:48,080 --> 01:28:49,200 BACK. 2467 01:28:49,200 --> 01:28:50,520 YEAH, SO INDEED, LEE WAS THE 2468 01:28:50,520 --> 01:28:53,520 FIRST TO REPORT THAT ACTUALLY 2469 01:28:53,520 --> 01:28:55,320 THERE'S AN ACTIVATED INTENSIVE 2470 01:28:55,320 --> 01:28:57,120 SYSTEM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS THEY 2471 01:28:57,120 --> 01:28:59,640 SHOWED THAT PLASMA LEVELS WERE 2472 01:28:59,640 --> 01:29:00,600 MARKEDLY ELEVATED IN COVID-19 2473 01:29:00,600 --> 01:29:04,000 PATIENTS AND THAT THE PLASMA 2474 01:29:04,000 --> 01:29:05,120 LEVELS ASSOCIATE WIDE THE VIRAL 2475 01:29:05,120 --> 01:29:07,160 LOAD OF PASHTS AND THESE DATA 2476 01:29:07,160 --> 01:29:10,480 ALBEIT IN A SMALL NUMBER OF 2477 01:29:10,480 --> 01:29:14,760 PATIENTS ACTUALLY SUPPORTED THE 2478 01:29:14,760 --> 01:29:16,680 TENET THAT COULD IT LEAD TO 2479 01:29:16,680 --> 01:29:20,880 HIGHER LEVELS OF ANG II IN THE 2480 01:29:20,880 --> 01:29:21,600 EXPANSE OF 1-7. 2481 01:29:21,600 --> 01:29:24,040 NEXT SLIDE. 2482 01:29:24,040 --> 01:29:26,240 JUST TO BRIEFLY GO OVER SOME OF 2483 01:29:26,240 --> 01:29:29,320 THIS DATA, WE ACTUALLY OBTAINED 2484 01:29:29,320 --> 01:29:32,440 THE LINES THAT WERE USED BY 2485 01:29:32,440 --> 01:29:34,000 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND ACTUALLY 2486 01:29:34,000 --> 01:29:35,440 FOUND THAT THESE EALIZA KITS 2487 01:29:35,440 --> 01:29:37,600 WERE ACTUALLY NOT SPECIFIC AND 2488 01:29:37,600 --> 01:29:42,840 COULD NOT RECOGNIZE THE ANG II 2489 01:29:42,840 --> 01:29:44,480 OR PLASMA LEVELS OR OUR 2490 01:29:44,480 --> 01:29:45,680 STANDARDS AND WE HAVE GRAVE 2491 01:29:45,680 --> 01:29:47,200 CONCERNS ON WHAT LEE WAS 2492 01:29:47,200 --> 01:29:49,400 MEASURING WHETHER THIS REALLY 2493 01:29:49,400 --> 01:29:50,760 REFLECTS ALTERATIONS IN ANGIO 2494 01:29:50,760 --> 01:29:52,880 TENSEIN 2 AS WELL AS A NUMBER OF 2495 01:29:52,880 --> 01:29:54,920 STUDIES THAT HAVE BEEN PUBLISH 2496 01:29:54,920 --> 01:29:57,720 THAD UTILIZE THESE EALIZAS IN 2497 01:29:57,720 --> 01:30:01,440 1-7 AND IN SOME CASES IN COVID 2498 01:30:01,440 --> 01:30:03,160 PATIENTS. 2499 01:30:03,160 --> 01:30:03,440 NEXT SLIDE. 2500 01:30:03,440 --> 01:30:05,880 >> YOU NEED TO WRAP UP, PLEASE. 2501 01:30:05,880 --> 01:30:07,480 >> LOCK THESE LINES WE WERE ABLE 2502 01:30:07,480 --> 01:30:09,400 TO SHOW WE SAW NO DIFFERENCES IN 2503 01:30:09,400 --> 01:30:11,600 OUR LEVELS OF ANGIO TENSIVE 1 TO 2504 01:30:11,600 --> 01:30:18,000 2 OR 7 IN MILD FORMS OF SEVERE 2505 01:30:18,000 --> 01:30:19,960 COV-2 SO THESE ARE ALL 2506 01:30:19,960 --> 01:30:21,000 HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS, WE ALSO 2507 01:30:21,000 --> 01:30:22,160 NOTED NONAPOPTOTIC DIFFERENCES 2508 01:30:22,160 --> 01:30:32,720 IN SERUM ACE OR ACE 2 ACTIVITY. 2509 01:30:36,160 --> 01:30:37,520 IN COVID-19 PATIENTS AND THE 2510 01:30:37,520 --> 01:30:41,320 PRIMARY OUTCOME OR END POINTS IS 2511 01:30:41,320 --> 01:30:43,800 OXYGEN 3 DAYS, OR DAYS ALIVE OR 2512 01:30:43,800 --> 01:30:44,720 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN ASK THERE 2513 01:30:44,720 --> 01:30:49,720 ARE 2 TREATMENT ARMS TO THIS 2514 01:30:49,720 --> 01:30:55,760 LARGE TRIAL 1 IS TXA TO 127 OR 2515 01:30:55,760 --> 01:30:59,840 1-7 LEVELS THAT MAY BE DEPLETED 2516 01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:02,840 IN SARS COV-2 PATES AS WELL AS 2517 01:31:02,840 --> 01:31:04,480 TRV027 THIS IS AN AGONIST AND 2518 01:31:04,480 --> 01:31:06,320 BOTH ARE GIVEN FOR ABOUT 5 DAYS 2519 01:31:06,320 --> 01:31:08,320 NOW RECENTLY AND THIS IS A 2520 01:31:08,320 --> 01:31:10,440 FAIRLY LARGE TRIAL WITH 900 2521 01:31:10,440 --> 01:31:12,360 PATIENTS INCLUDING MA SEEB OS, 2522 01:31:12,360 --> 01:31:15,000 NOW THIS TRIAL WAS STOPPED AS 2523 01:31:15,000 --> 01:31:18,040 BOTH THE 1-70 AND THE RECEPTOR 2524 01:31:18,040 --> 01:31:21,200 AGONIST WERE SHOWN TO BE 2525 01:31:21,200 --> 01:31:22,520 INFERIOR PLACEBO ARM IN COVID 2526 01:31:22,520 --> 01:31:22,800 PATIENTS. 2527 01:31:22,800 --> 01:31:29,480 MORE OVER IN A SEPARATE TRIAL 2528 01:31:29,480 --> 01:31:32,280 PREEMENT WITH THE ATR BALAPSE 2529 01:31:32,280 --> 01:31:33,800 ALSO FAILED TO IMPROVE COVID-19 2530 01:31:33,800 --> 01:31:35,800 OUTCOMES SO I THINK THE TAKE 2531 01:31:35,800 --> 01:31:37,800 HOME MESSAGE IS THAT REGULATION 2532 01:31:37,800 --> 01:31:39,320 OF THE SYSTEM TARGETED THE 2533 01:31:39,320 --> 01:31:42,240 SYSTEM AT LEAST IN THE ACUTE 2534 01:31:42,240 --> 01:31:43,880 EFFECTS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IS 2535 01:31:43,880 --> 01:31:48,640 REALLY DOES NOT IMPROVE 2536 01:31:48,640 --> 01:31:48,920 OUTCOMES. 2537 01:31:48,920 --> 01:31:50,680 I DO NOT THINK THAT ACCOUNTS FOR 2538 01:31:50,680 --> 01:31:55,400 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE TERMS OF 2539 01:31:55,400 --> 01:31:58,920 COVID-19 EMPLOY THIS LEADS ME TO 2540 01:31:58,920 --> 01:32:00,200 REALLY INTRIGUING DATA THAT 2541 01:32:00,200 --> 01:32:01,200 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND COLLEAGUES 2542 01:32:01,200 --> 01:32:02,320 PUBLISHED RECENTLY AND THESE ARE 2543 01:32:02,320 --> 01:32:04,400 ON THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF 2544 01:32:04,400 --> 01:32:05,880 COVID-19 IN TERMS OF 2545 01:32:05,880 --> 01:32:06,440 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2546 01:32:06,440 --> 01:32:11,160 PARTICULARLY SHOWING A GREATER 2547 01:32:11,160 --> 01:32:12,440 RISK IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2548 01:32:12,440 --> 01:32:15,120 IN PATES WHO DO NOT HAVE 2549 01:32:15,120 --> 01:32:18,200 UNDERLYING CARDIOVASCULAR 2550 01:32:18,200 --> 01:32:20,320 DISEASE, PARTICULARLY ATRIIOLE 2551 01:32:20,320 --> 01:32:21,560 FIBRILLATION AND HEART FAILURE, 2552 01:32:21,560 --> 01:32:21,840 NEXT SLIDE. 2553 01:32:21,840 --> 01:32:22,920 AND I WANT TO FOCUS ON THE 2554 01:32:22,920 --> 01:32:24,000 POSSIBILITY IN TOMORROWS OF 2555 01:32:24,000 --> 01:32:26,640 IMMUNE RESPONSES AND THE 2556 01:32:26,640 --> 01:32:27,800 GENERATION OF AUTOANTIBODIES 2557 01:32:27,800 --> 01:32:29,800 PARTICULARLY TO THE AT1 RECEPTOR 2558 01:32:29,800 --> 01:32:32,440 AND ACE 2 IN COVID PATIENTS. 2559 01:32:32,440 --> 01:32:33,840 RODRIGUEZ AND PEREZ SHOWS 2560 01:32:33,840 --> 01:32:36,160 THERE'S INCREASE IN THESE 2561 01:32:36,160 --> 01:32:37,600 AUTOANTIBODIES THAT MAY BE 2562 01:32:37,600 --> 01:32:39,960 STIMLATTORY FOR THE RECEPTOR OR 2563 01:32:39,960 --> 01:32:43,760 INHIBITORY FOR ACE 2 IN COVID-19 2564 01:32:43,760 --> 01:32:44,520 PATIENTS AND IT'S QUITE 2565 01:32:44,520 --> 01:32:46,200 INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT BOTH 2566 01:32:46,200 --> 01:32:48,280 MALES AND FEMALES HAVE A 2567 01:32:48,280 --> 01:32:57,520 COMPARABLE RESPONSE IN THESE 2568 01:32:57,520 --> 01:32:57,880 AUTOANTIBODIES. 2569 01:32:57,880 --> 01:32:58,400 >> NEXT SLIDE. 2570 01:32:58,400 --> 01:33:00,320 THESE ACE 2 ANTIBODIES IN 2571 01:33:00,320 --> 01:33:02,000 COVID-19 PATIENTS SHOWING BOTH 2572 01:33:02,000 --> 01:33:03,600 THESE ANTIBODIES INDUCE 2573 01:33:03,600 --> 01:33:04,840 ACTIVATION OR ADDITION, ALTHOUGH 2574 01:33:04,840 --> 01:33:06,680 THE MAJORITY OF THESE ANTIBODIES 2575 01:33:06,680 --> 01:33:12,000 ARE ACE 2 INHIBITORYS AND OTHERS 2576 01:33:12,000 --> 01:33:13,120 ARE SHOWN THAT THESE ANTIBODIES 2577 01:33:13,120 --> 01:33:16,640 MAY NOT EFFECT AT ALL BUT MAY 2578 01:33:16,640 --> 01:33:18,120 STIMULATE THESE RELEASE SO 2579 01:33:18,120 --> 01:33:20,960 THRESHOLD'S REALLY A MYRIAD OF 2580 01:33:20,960 --> 01:33:23,560 ACTIONS OF THESE AUTOANTIBODIES. 2581 01:33:23,560 --> 01:33:24,160 NEXT SLIDE. 2582 01:33:24,160 --> 01:33:26,880 AND FINALLY, I WANT TO END WITH 2583 01:33:26,880 --> 01:33:28,640 VERY INTRIGUING DATA BY 2584 01:33:28,640 --> 01:33:29,480 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND HER 2585 01:33:29,480 --> 01:33:30,520 COLLEAGUES RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN 2586 01:33:30,520 --> 01:33:35,280 NATURE SHOWING NOT ONLY ARE 2587 01:33:35,280 --> 01:33:36,880 THERE GENERATION OF THESE 2588 01:33:36,880 --> 01:33:38,440 RESOAPTORS BUT OTHER EFFECTOR 2589 01:33:38,440 --> 01:33:40,800 SYSTEMS LIKE THE BK1 RECEPTOR 2590 01:33:40,800 --> 01:33:41,920 WHICH IS INVOLVED IN 2591 01:33:41,920 --> 01:33:43,480 INFLAMMATION AND I SPECULATE 2592 01:33:43,480 --> 01:33:45,880 THAT THEN THE GENERATION OF 2593 01:33:45,880 --> 01:33:50,120 THESE AUTOANTIBODIES TO OTHER 2594 01:33:50,120 --> 01:33:52,280 GTCR RECEPTORS MAY UNDERLIE THE 2595 01:33:52,280 --> 01:33:55,240 CONTRIBUTION IN TERMS OF THE 2596 01:33:55,240 --> 01:33:57,920 LONG-TERM ACTIONS OF COVID 2597 01:33:57,920 --> 01:33:58,440 IMPACTING CARDIOVASCULAR 2598 01:33:58,440 --> 01:33:59,440 DISEASE, PARTICULARLY IN 2599 01:33:59,440 --> 01:34:01,200 ADDITION TO THE NATURAL LIGASE 2600 01:34:01,200 --> 01:34:03,760 FOR THESE RECEPTORS INCLUDING 2601 01:34:03,760 --> 01:34:07,960 THE ANCHLIO TENSEIN 2 WITH THE 2602 01:34:07,960 --> 01:34:10,960 RECEPTOR, THE BK1 RECEPTOR AND 2603 01:34:10,960 --> 01:34:12,040 THE OTHER RECEPTORS THAT AGAIN 2604 01:34:12,040 --> 01:34:14,040 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-TERM 2605 01:34:14,040 --> 01:34:14,600 ACTIONS ON CARDIOVASCULAR 2606 01:34:14,600 --> 01:34:16,880 DISEASE IN ADDITION TO THE FACT 2607 01:34:16,880 --> 01:34:21,680 THAT COMPENSATORY SYSTEMS SUCH 2608 01:34:21,680 --> 01:34:22,960 AS THE [INDISCERNIBLE] SYSTEM 2609 01:34:22,960 --> 01:34:28,600 AND THE PEPTIDES MAY BE DOWN 2610 01:34:28,600 --> 01:34:30,520 REGULATED IN THEEZ SYSTEMS IN 2611 01:34:30,520 --> 01:34:38,800 LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF COVID. 2612 01:34:38,800 --> 01:34:40,560 AND ADDRESS GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE, 2613 01:34:40,560 --> 01:34:43,600 4-PINTS HERE, I WOULD EMPHASIZE 2614 01:34:43,600 --> 01:34:46,400 THE EFFECTS OF PEPTIDES AND WITH 2615 01:34:46,400 --> 01:34:48,120 THE ANCHLIO TENSIVE SYSTEM IN 2616 01:34:48,120 --> 01:34:58,520 MALE AND FEMALE COVID-19 2617 01:35:02,440 --> 01:35:02,640 PATIENTS. 2618 01:35:02,640 --> 01:35:04,000 I WOULD POINT TO ORGANELLES MAY 2619 01:35:04,000 --> 01:35:07,880 BE MORE APPROPRIATE IF THEY ARE 2620 01:35:07,880 --> 01:35:09,480 REPRESENTING THE RIGHT POINT OF 2621 01:35:09,480 --> 01:35:09,680 THOSE. 2622 01:35:09,680 --> 01:35:10,800 AS A THIRD POINT, I THINK THIS 2623 01:35:10,800 --> 01:35:13,000 RUNS THROUGH ALL OF THESE 2624 01:35:13,000 --> 01:35:14,000 PRESENTATIONS IS DISTINGUISHING 2625 01:35:14,000 --> 01:35:17,000 THE ACUTE VERSUS THE LONG-TERM 2626 01:35:17,000 --> 01:35:18,320 EFFECTS OF COVID-19 INFECTION, 2627 01:35:18,320 --> 01:35:20,400 PARTICULARLY THE INCREASED RISK 2628 01:35:20,400 --> 01:35:21,560 IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND I 2629 01:35:21,560 --> 01:35:23,560 WILL END FINALLY WITH 2630 01:35:23,560 --> 01:35:24,440 IDENTIFYING OTHER POTENTIAL 2631 01:35:24,440 --> 01:35:26,120 REGULATORS WITH THE SYSTEM AND 2632 01:35:26,120 --> 01:35:28,000 THEIR POETIC TEBTIAL INTERACTION 2633 01:35:28,000 --> 01:35:30,120 WITH ADDITIONAL EFFECTOR 2634 01:35:30,120 --> 01:35:32,080 SYSTEMS, BOTH STIMLATTORY AND 2635 01:35:32,080 --> 01:35:32,920 COMPENSATORY IN LONG-TERM 2636 01:35:32,920 --> 01:35:33,160 COVID-19. 2637 01:35:33,160 --> 01:35:34,360 I THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 2638 01:35:34,360 --> 01:35:36,120 ALLOWING ME A COUPLE EXTRA 2639 01:35:36,120 --> 01:35:38,560 MINUTES TO COMPLETE MY TALK. 2640 01:35:38,560 --> 01:35:49,080 I THINK THE NEXT TALK WILL BE BY 2641 01:36:01,480 --> 01:36:02,080 DR. PERLMAN. 2642 01:36:02,080 --> 01:36:02,920 >> DR. PERLMAN, PLEASE UNMUTE 2643 01:36:02,920 --> 01:36:13,480 YOUR MICROPHONE AND TURN ON YOUR 2644 01:36:22,840 --> 01:36:23,000 VIDEO. 2645 01:36:23,000 --> 01:36:24,120 >> OKAY, I AM GOING TO START 2646 01:36:24,120 --> 01:36:25,400 GONE BECAUSE I THINK I WAS 2647 01:36:25,400 --> 01:36:25,600 MUTED. 2648 01:36:25,600 --> 01:36:27,160 SO I WANT TO THANK THE 2649 01:36:27,160 --> 01:36:30,320 ORGANIZERS FOR INVITING ME AND 2650 01:36:30,320 --> 01:36:31,080 DR. CHAPPELLFOR INTRODUCING ME 2651 01:36:31,080 --> 01:36:37,120 BUT I WILL TALK TODAY ABOUT IS 2652 01:36:37,120 --> 01:36:41,720 ANIMAL MODELS FOR SEX AND GENDER 2653 01:36:41,720 --> 01:36:42,200 DIFFERENCES IN COVID-19. 2654 01:36:42,200 --> 01:36:43,320 AND I'M GOING TO START BY 2655 01:36:43,320 --> 01:36:44,880 DESCRIBING SOME OF THE THINGS WE 2656 01:36:44,880 --> 01:36:46,280 THOUGHT ABOUT FOR SEVERAL YEARS 2657 01:36:46,280 --> 01:36:47,920 BECAUSE, I WAS DESCRIBED EARLIER 2658 01:36:47,920 --> 01:36:49,480 WE'VE BEEN WORKING WITH CORONA 2659 01:36:49,480 --> 01:36:50,920 VIRUSES FOR MANY, MANY YEARS AND 2660 01:36:50,920 --> 01:36:53,200 IT WAS NOTICED EARLY ON THAT 2661 01:36:53,200 --> 01:36:54,480 THERE WERE DIFFERENCES IN 2662 01:36:54,480 --> 01:36:58,040 OUTCOMES IN MALES AND FEMALES 2663 01:36:58,040 --> 01:36:59,440 WITH SARS-COV-THE ORIGINAL SARS 2664 01:36:59,440 --> 01:37:01,000 IN 2003. 2665 01:37:01,000 --> 01:37:02,240 SO, THE--THE KINDS OF THINGS 2666 01:37:02,240 --> 01:37:04,120 THAT WE WANTED TO DO IS WE DO 2667 01:37:04,120 --> 01:37:05,480 WORK MOSTLY WITH MICE, SO WE 2668 01:37:05,480 --> 01:37:07,240 WANTED TO SEE IF WE COULD MIMIC 2669 01:37:07,240 --> 01:37:08,280 SOME OF THESE DIFFERENCES IN 2670 01:37:08,280 --> 01:37:10,440 MICE AND I HAVE TO SAY THAT WHEN 2671 01:37:10,440 --> 01:37:11,720 WE STARTED LOOKINGA THE THIS, IT 2672 01:37:11,720 --> 01:37:13,720 TURNED OUT THAT THERE WAS NOT 2673 01:37:13,720 --> 01:37:15,480 ACTUALLY THAT MUCH DAT ABOUT 2674 01:37:15,480 --> 01:37:17,320 HUMANS WHO ARE INFECT WIDE SARS 2675 01:37:17,320 --> 01:37:19,240 WHETHER MEN OR WOMEN DID WORSE 2676 01:37:19,240 --> 01:37:21,120 AND THERE WERE 2 STUDIES I COULD 2677 01:37:21,120 --> 01:37:22,680 COME UP AND WE CAME UP WITH 2678 01:37:22,680 --> 01:37:24,000 SEVERAL YEARS AGO, SO THIS IS 1 2679 01:37:24,000 --> 01:37:27,320 STUDY THAT SHOWED THAT MALES HAD 2680 01:37:27,320 --> 01:37:31,840 A 21.9% MORTALITY AND FEMALES AT 2681 01:37:31,840 --> 01:37:34,400 13.2% MORTALITY SO A RELATIVE 2682 01:37:34,400 --> 01:37:35,440 RISK OF 1.62. 2683 01:37:35,440 --> 01:37:37,960 ANOTHER STUDY IN SING ON PORE 2684 01:37:37,960 --> 01:37:40,160 SHOWED THE ODDS RATIO WAS 3.1 SO 2685 01:37:40,160 --> 01:37:41,440 AGAIN MALES HAVE WORSE OUTCOMES 2686 01:37:41,440 --> 01:37:45,120 AND LOOKING AT A SECOND HUMAN 2687 01:37:45,120 --> 01:37:47,840 CORONA VIRUS INFECTION, 2688 01:37:47,840 --> 01:37:50,400 MERS COV, THIS WAS TRICKIER TO 2689 01:37:50,400 --> 01:37:52,160 FANATIC OUT, FOR MERS IT'S BEEN 2690 01:37:52,160 --> 01:37:54,800 A TOTAL OF 25 CASES IN THE WORLD 2691 01:37:54,800 --> 01:37:56,360 AND THE VAST MAJORITY ARE IN MEN 2692 01:37:56,360 --> 01:37:57,120 BECAUSE THEY'RE EXPOSED TO 2693 01:37:57,120 --> 01:37:58,640 CAMELS AND THIS IS A CAMEL 2694 01:37:58,640 --> 01:37:59,200 DISEASE. 2695 01:37:59,200 --> 01:38:02,600 SO THE WAY THIS DISEASE WORKS, 2696 01:38:02,600 --> 01:38:04,760 IT SPILLS OVER FROM CAMELS TO 2697 01:38:04,760 --> 01:38:07,680 PEOPLE PERIODICALLY, THERE'S 2698 01:38:07,680 --> 01:38:09,240 VERY, VERY LITTLE BETWEEN HUMAN 2699 01:38:09,240 --> 01:38:11,000 SPREAD WHEN THE BEGINNING OF THE 2700 01:38:11,000 --> 01:38:14,280 OUTBREAK OF MERS THAT WAS HUMAN 2701 01:38:14,280 --> 01:38:15,840 TO HUMAN SPREAD, BUT THAT WAS 2702 01:38:15,840 --> 01:38:18,320 MOSTLY IN HOSPITALS BECAUSE 2703 01:38:18,320 --> 01:38:20,160 PROCEDURES WEREN'T FOLLOWED AND 2704 01:38:20,160 --> 01:38:21,320 AEROSOLIZATION AND PEOPLE WERE 2705 01:38:21,320 --> 01:38:22,320 BT WEARING PROPER PPE. 2706 01:38:22,320 --> 01:38:23,960 BUT TRYING TO GO BACK AND ASK IF 2707 01:38:23,960 --> 01:38:28,240 THERE ARE SEX DIFFERENCES IN 1 2708 01:38:28,240 --> 01:38:30,760 STUDY FROM SAUDI ARABIA, AND IT 2709 01:38:30,760 --> 01:38:33,760 WAS FOUND THAT MEN HAD A 52% 2710 01:38:33,760 --> 01:38:36,640 MORTALITY AND WOMEN HAD 23% 2711 01:38:36,640 --> 01:38:37,920 MORTALITY. 2712 01:38:37,920 --> 01:38:40,160 THE GENERAL MORTALITY FOR MERS 2713 01:38:40,160 --> 01:38:40,480 AND 35%. 2714 01:38:40,480 --> 01:38:42,120 SO THESE NUMBERS ARE QUITE HIGH. 2715 01:38:42,120 --> 01:38:45,000 THE SIMILAR STUDY WAS DONE IN 2716 01:38:45,000 --> 01:38:47,040 KOREA, NOW IN KOREA THERE WAS A 2717 01:38:47,040 --> 01:38:49,160 SINGLE CASE OUTBREAK OF MERS. 2718 01:38:49,160 --> 01:38:50,760 FELLOW CAME BACK FROM THE MIDDLE 2719 01:38:50,760 --> 01:38:53,440 EAST ISSUES WAS NOT RECOGNIZE AS 2720 01:38:53,440 --> 01:38:56,040 HAVING MERS, WENT TO 5 DIFFERENT 2721 01:38:56,040 --> 01:38:58,120 EMERGENCY ROOMS AND ENDED UP 2722 01:38:58,120 --> 01:38:59,560 INFECTS 186 PEOPLE BUT THERE WAS 2723 01:38:59,560 --> 01:39:00,760 NO SUBSEQUENT INTRODUCTION SO IT 2724 01:39:00,760 --> 01:39:04,040 WAS ALL JUST FROM THIS SINGLE 2725 01:39:04,040 --> 01:39:04,280 PERSON. 2726 01:39:04,280 --> 01:39:06,240 AND THESE STUDIES BY THE KOREAN 2727 01:39:06,240 --> 01:39:08,240 INVESTIGATORS AND PATIENTS WERE 2728 01:39:08,240 --> 01:39:11,520 CAREFULLY ANALYZED IN KOREA, THE 2729 01:39:11,520 --> 01:39:13,640 MORTALITY WAS 23.4% IN MEN AND 2730 01:39:13,640 --> 01:39:17,280 16% IN WOMEN. 2731 01:39:17,280 --> 01:39:18,600 AGAIN, SHOWING MALE 2732 01:39:18,600 --> 01:39:19,000 PREDOMINANCE. 2733 01:39:19,000 --> 01:39:20,880 SO WE STARTED SEVERAL YEARS AGO 2734 01:39:20,880 --> 01:39:22,520 TRYING TO MIMIC THIS IN MICE. 2735 01:39:22,520 --> 01:39:25,520 THESE EXPERIMENTS WERE DONE BY A 2736 01:39:25,520 --> 01:39:26,840 POST DOCTORAL FELLOW IN MY LAB 2737 01:39:26,840 --> 01:39:28,240 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO IS NOW ON 2738 01:39:28,240 --> 01:39:30,520 THE FACULTY AT OKLAHOMA STATE, 2739 01:39:30,520 --> 01:39:33,760 AND WHAT HE DID IS HE 2740 01:39:33,760 --> 01:39:35,160 DOESICISMEM EXPERIMENTS OF 2741 01:39:35,160 --> 01:39:36,080 INFECTING YOUNG AND OLD MICE 2742 01:39:36,080 --> 01:39:38,400 WITH SARS IN THIS CASE, SARS 1, 2743 01:39:38,400 --> 01:39:39,760 NOT WITH SARS 2. 2744 01:39:39,760 --> 01:39:41,040 AND HE FOUND THAT EITHER IN MICE 2745 01:39:41,040 --> 01:39:43,000 THAT WERE 9 MONTHS OLD OR MICE 2746 01:39:43,000 --> 01:39:45,120 THAT WERE 20 MONTHS OLD, THERE 2747 01:39:45,120 --> 01:39:46,880 WAS AIAN DIFFERENCE IN OUTCOMES 2748 01:39:46,880 --> 01:39:48,640 SO MALE MICE GENERALLY SUCCUMB 2749 01:39:48,640 --> 01:39:51,320 TO THE INFECTION, FEMALE MICE 2750 01:39:51,320 --> 01:39:52,600 SURVIVED AND THERE WERE NO 2751 01:39:52,600 --> 01:39:54,480 DIFFERENCES IN YOUNG MICE. 2752 01:39:54,480 --> 01:39:55,280 I SHOULD SAY 1 OF THE THINGS 2753 01:39:55,280 --> 01:39:58,280 THAT I MENTION THIS AGAIN, IS 2754 01:39:58,280 --> 01:40:00,000 C57 BLACK MICE TURN OUT TO BE A 2755 01:40:00,000 --> 01:40:01,000 GREAT MOUSE MODEL FOR AGE 2756 01:40:01,000 --> 01:40:01,640 DEPENDENT CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE 2757 01:40:01,640 --> 01:40:03,840 ON AGINGS FOR SARS AND SARS 2. 2758 01:40:03,840 --> 01:40:06,960 AND ALSO FOR DIFFERENCES IN 2759 01:40:06,960 --> 01:40:08,080 OUTCOMES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE 2760 01:40:08,080 --> 01:40:08,280 MICE. 2761 01:40:08,280 --> 01:40:10,280 SO THIS WAS THE FIRST STUDY AND 2762 01:40:10,280 --> 01:40:14,040 WE--THEN HE COULD ALSO DO THIS 2763 01:40:14,040 --> 01:40:15,720 IN BALB-C MICE BUT THE RESULTS 2764 01:40:15,720 --> 01:40:18,520 WERE NONAPOPTOTIC AS IMPRESSIVE. 2765 01:40:18,520 --> 01:40:20,560 FEMALES AT THE LOW DOSE SURVIVED 2766 01:40:20,560 --> 01:40:26,200 AND MALE MICE DIED. 2767 01:40:26,200 --> 01:40:29,680 OTHERS LOOKED AT SARS-COV-2, AND 2768 01:40:29,680 --> 01:40:32,720 FOR MERS WE COULD NEVER FIND SEX 2769 01:40:32,720 --> 01:40:33,400 DIFFERENCES IN OUTCOMES, THIS 2770 01:40:33,400 --> 01:40:35,200 MAY BE BECAUSE OF THE MODELS WE 2771 01:40:35,200 --> 01:40:37,320 USE OR WHATEVER, BUT WE COULD 2772 01:40:37,320 --> 01:40:40,200 NEVER REALLY PURSUE THIS TO ANY 2773 01:40:40,200 --> 01:40:41,160 GREAT EXTENT. 2774 01:40:41,160 --> 01:40:44,800 SO FOR SARS KICKOFF 2, IT 2775 01:40:44,800 --> 01:40:46,280 SUPPORTED THE NOTION THAT THE 2776 01:40:46,280 --> 01:40:48,160 OUTCOMES WERE WORSE IN MALE THAN 2777 01:40:48,160 --> 01:40:49,560 THIS FEMALE MICE. 2778 01:40:49,560 --> 01:40:51,240 SO FROM THIS PARTICULAR STUDY, 2779 01:40:51,240 --> 01:40:52,840 WHAT 1 CAN SEE HERE WITHOUT 2780 01:40:52,840 --> 01:40:54,120 READING THE LEDGE SEND THAT THE 2781 01:40:54,120 --> 01:40:56,240 RED LINE, SOME MICE SURVIVED, 2782 01:40:56,240 --> 01:40:57,800 THEY WERE FEMALE, NONE OF MALES 2783 01:40:57,800 --> 01:40:59,200 DID, THIS IS MORE STRIKING FOR 2784 01:40:59,200 --> 01:41:02,680 THE SMALLER DOSE OF VIRUS, WHERE 2785 01:41:02,680 --> 01:41:04,880 FEMALE MICE, 50% SURVIVE, NO 2786 01:41:04,880 --> 01:41:06,520 MALES DID. 2787 01:41:06,520 --> 01:41:07,680 SO THERE'S--A SLIGHT TENDENCY IN 2788 01:41:07,680 --> 01:41:11,960 THESE MICE FOR THEM TO DO WORSE 2789 01:41:11,960 --> 01:41:12,480 THAN FEMALE MICE. 2790 01:41:12,480 --> 01:41:14,520 SO THEN IN OTHER SYSTEMS, THE 2791 01:41:14,520 --> 01:41:15,400 SEX GENDER DIFFERENCES WERE 2792 01:41:15,400 --> 01:41:17,400 STUDIED OR SEX DIFFERENCES WERE 2793 01:41:17,400 --> 01:41:18,280 STUDIED IN HAMSTERS, SO THERE'S 2794 01:41:18,280 --> 01:41:20,040 NOT A TON OF STUDIES, BUT 2795 01:41:20,040 --> 01:41:22,600 THERE'S 1 STUDY HERE FROM 2796 01:41:22,600 --> 01:41:25,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT SHOWED THE 2797 01:41:25,920 --> 01:41:27,200 MALES SHOWED MORBIDITY, GREATER 2798 01:41:27,200 --> 01:41:31,800 WEIGHT LOSS, MOW SIGNS OF 2799 01:41:31,800 --> 01:41:34,120 PNEUMONIA RECOVERED MORE SLOWLY, 2800 01:41:34,120 --> 01:41:35,200 THIS IS IMMUNE RESPONSE TO THE 2801 01:41:35,200 --> 01:41:37,800 VIRUS AND THE FEMALES MOUNTED 2802 01:41:37,800 --> 01:41:38,480 STRONGER ANTIBODY RESPONSES AND 2803 01:41:38,480 --> 01:41:45,760 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE SAW AS 2804 01:41:45,760 --> 01:41:47,800 WELL, THE IMMUNE RESPONSES WERE 2805 01:41:47,800 --> 01:41:55,040 STRONGER IN FEMALE MICE THAN IN 2806 01:41:55,040 --> 01:41:56,520 OTHER MICE. 2807 01:41:56,520 --> 01:41:59,080 FEMALE HAMSTERS GEPPED LOWER 2808 01:41:59,080 --> 01:42:00,760 VIRUS SHEDDING, MODERATE 2809 01:42:00,760 --> 01:42:02,240 SYMPTOMS AND MILD PATHOGENESIS 2810 01:42:02,240 --> 01:42:02,680 COMPARED TO MALES. 2811 01:42:02,680 --> 01:42:04,800 SO AT THE SAME TIE WE DEVELOPED 2812 01:42:04,800 --> 01:42:09,400 SEVERAL MOUSE MODELS FOR 2813 01:42:09,400 --> 01:42:10,560 SARS-COV-2 BUT WE HAVEN'T 2814 01:42:10,560 --> 01:42:11,920 ANALYZED THEM IN DIFFERENT MALE 2815 01:42:11,920 --> 01:42:13,040 AND FEMALE MICE, BUT IN THIS 2816 01:42:13,040 --> 01:42:14,720 TODAY WITH A FEW MOUSE ADAPTED 2817 01:42:14,720 --> 01:42:18,360 VIRUS THAT WE'RE SLOWLY GETTING 2818 01:42:18,360 --> 01:42:18,960 READY FOR PUBLICATION. 2819 01:42:18,960 --> 01:42:20,040 WE DID THESE EXPERIMENTS. 2820 01:42:20,040 --> 01:42:22,240 IN THIS WE COMPARED 2 GROUPS 2821 01:42:22,240 --> 01:42:23,560 WHICH ARE NOT THE BEST TO 2822 01:42:23,560 --> 01:42:25,560 COMPARE BUT THIS IS MALE MICE, 2823 01:42:25,560 --> 01:42:27,320 THE UPSIDE DOWN TRIANGLES AND 2824 01:42:27,320 --> 01:42:30,240 FEMALE MICE AT 7 MONTHS AND 2825 01:42:30,240 --> 01:42:32,240 AGAIN THESE ARE B6 MICE 2826 01:42:32,240 --> 01:42:33,720 BACKGROUND SO DISEASE SEVERITY 2827 01:42:33,720 --> 01:42:35,040 IS WORSE AS MICE AGE. 2828 01:42:35,040 --> 01:42:37,480 WHAT 1 CAN SEE HERE IS THAT 2829 01:42:37,480 --> 01:42:39,440 WHILE THE MALE MICE ALL DIE AT 2830 01:42:39,440 --> 01:42:41,880 THIS DOSE ISSUES THE FEMALE 2831 01:42:41,880 --> 01:42:43,280 MICE, 50% SURVIVE AND A LOWER 2832 01:42:43,280 --> 01:42:45,040 DOSES ALL THE FEMALES SURVIVED 2833 01:42:45,040 --> 01:42:49,080 AND THE MALE MICE IS 50% 2834 01:42:49,080 --> 01:42:49,640 MORTALITY. 2835 01:42:49,640 --> 01:42:50,840 SO AGAIN, SUPPORTING THE NOTION 2836 01:42:50,840 --> 01:42:54,160 THAT OUTCOMES ARE WORSE IN MALE 2837 01:42:54,160 --> 01:42:57,000 MICE COMPARED TO FEMALE MICE. 2838 01:42:57,000 --> 01:42:58,400 SO WHAT IS THE SUMMARY OF THESE 2839 01:42:58,400 --> 01:42:59,840 RESULTS AND I HAVE TO SAY, 2840 01:42:59,840 --> 01:43:01,520 LOOKING AT ALL THESE DATA, THIS 2841 01:43:01,520 --> 01:43:03,960 IS REALLY NOT A LARGE AMOUNT OF 2842 01:43:03,960 --> 01:43:06,360 DATA ABOUT SEX DIFFERENCES IN 2843 01:43:06,360 --> 01:43:07,000 EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED ANIMALS 2844 01:43:07,000 --> 01:43:08,880 BUT I THINK THE SYSTEM IS THERE 2845 01:43:08,880 --> 01:43:10,320 FOR SOMETHING THAT WILL BE 2846 01:43:10,320 --> 01:43:13,040 USEFUL FOR FURTHER STUDY. 2847 01:43:13,040 --> 01:43:14,800 SO WITH THESE SMALL STUDIES SHOW 2848 01:43:14,800 --> 01:43:16,920 SHOW IS THAT SEX DIFFERENCES IN 2849 01:43:16,920 --> 01:43:19,680 HAMSTERS AND MICE EXIST, MALES 2850 01:43:19,680 --> 01:43:21,160 DEVELOP MORE SEVERE DISEASE 2851 01:43:21,160 --> 01:43:23,040 WHICH PARALLEL THE HUMAN 2852 01:43:23,040 --> 01:43:25,400 STUDIES, WE KNOW THAT B6 MICE 2853 01:43:25,400 --> 01:43:27,160 RIGHT NOW SEEM TO EXHIBIT THE 2854 01:43:27,160 --> 01:43:28,680 GREATEST SEX AND AGE DEPENDENT 2855 01:43:28,680 --> 01:43:30,160 DIFFERENCES AND THIS IS 2856 01:43:30,160 --> 01:43:31,720 SOMETHING THAT I THINK AS WE GO 2857 01:43:31,720 --> 01:43:33,920 FURTHER ALONG WE WILL SEE HOW 2858 01:43:33,920 --> 01:43:37,440 TRUE THIS IS, IF OTHER STRAINS 2859 01:43:37,440 --> 01:43:38,960 SHOW SIMILARITIES. 2860 01:43:38,960 --> 01:43:41,440 FEMALE MICE DEVELOP MORE ROBUST 2861 01:43:41,440 --> 01:43:44,400 T-CELL AND ANTIBODY RESPONSES. 2862 01:43:44,400 --> 01:43:46,080 MALES MOUNT EXUBERANT BUT 2863 01:43:46,080 --> 01:43:46,880 INEFFECTIVE CYTOKINE RESPONSE AS 2864 01:43:46,880 --> 01:43:48,360 WE SAW THIS IN OUR SARS 2865 01:43:48,360 --> 01:43:50,640 INFECTION TODAY WITH GREATER 2866 01:43:50,640 --> 01:43:51,480 NUTRIFILL AND INFLAMMATORY 2867 01:43:51,480 --> 01:43:54,200 MONOCYTE INTO THE LUNGS, IN 1 2868 01:43:54,200 --> 01:43:58,640 STUDY, THIS WAS AGAIN PART OF 2869 01:43:58,640 --> 01:44:00,280 THE STUDY, OUTCOMES WERE 2870 01:44:00,280 --> 01:44:03,600 EFFECTED BY FEMALE MORHONES SO 2871 01:44:03,600 --> 01:44:05,880 OVERRECTOMY OF FEMALE MICE MADE 2872 01:44:05,880 --> 01:44:07,600 THEM SUSCEPTIBLE AS TO INFECTION 2873 01:44:07,600 --> 01:44:13,120 AS WAS SEWN FOR MALE MICE, AND 2874 01:44:13,120 --> 01:44:15,560 BLOCKADE OF ESTROGEN SIGNALING 2875 01:44:15,560 --> 01:44:17,680 EFFECTS AND AT LEAST IN THESE 2876 01:44:17,680 --> 01:44:19,320 ANIMALS SEX AND HORMONES SEEM TO 2877 01:44:19,320 --> 01:44:19,680 MATTER. 2878 01:44:19,680 --> 01:44:22,760 SO WHAT DO WE STILL NEED DO WITH 2879 01:44:22,760 --> 01:44:23,040 THESE. 2880 01:44:23,040 --> 01:44:24,800 SO WE NEED TO CONFIRM THE ROLE 2881 01:44:24,800 --> 01:44:28,520 OF SEX IN LARGER STUDIES OF 2882 01:44:28,520 --> 01:44:32,400 SARS-COV-2 IN MICE AND HAMSTERS, 2883 01:44:32,400 --> 01:44:35,280 MOST STUDIES USE MALE OR FEMALE 2884 01:44:35,280 --> 01:44:37,480 MICE OR HAMSTERS OR BOTH, AND WE 2885 01:44:37,480 --> 01:44:40,000 MENTIONED THIS HAS TO CHANGE SO 2886 01:44:40,000 --> 01:44:41,960 WE CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT AGE 2887 01:44:41,960 --> 01:44:42,240 DIFFERENCES. 2888 01:44:42,240 --> 01:44:44,000 WE HAVE SEVERAL MOUSE ADAPTED 2889 01:44:44,000 --> 01:44:46,080 VIRUSES THAT CAUSE VARYING 2890 01:44:46,080 --> 01:44:47,440 AMOUNTS OF SEVERITY IN MICE, WE 2891 01:44:47,440 --> 01:44:51,040 ANTICIPATE THAT USING THESE 2892 01:44:51,040 --> 01:44:51,520 INDIFFERENT STRAINS AND 2893 01:44:51,520 --> 01:44:52,960 DIFFERENT SEX AND MICE WILL BE 2894 01:44:52,960 --> 01:44:54,920 USEFUL FOR LEARNING USEFUL 2895 01:44:54,920 --> 01:44:55,480 INFORMATION. 2896 01:44:55,480 --> 01:44:57,800 SOME OF THESE--SOME OF THESE 2897 01:44:57,800 --> 01:44:59,440 VIRUSES CAUSE MORE SEVERE 2898 01:44:59,440 --> 01:44:59,680 DISEASE. 2899 01:44:59,680 --> 01:45:02,640 THE 1 I SHOWED PREVIOUS SLIDE 2900 01:45:02,640 --> 01:45:04,080 WAS LETHAL BUT WE HAVE OTHERS 2901 01:45:04,080 --> 01:45:06,360 THAT ACTUALLY CAUSE MORE SEVERE 2902 01:45:06,360 --> 01:45:09,280 DISEASE AT LOWER DOSES. 2903 01:45:09,280 --> 01:45:11,800 ADDITIONAL SPECIES COULD BE 2904 01:45:11,800 --> 01:45:12,880 EVALUATED INCLUDING NONHUMAN 2905 01:45:12,880 --> 01:45:13,720 PRIMATES THIS, IS A CHALLENGE 2906 01:45:13,720 --> 01:45:15,600 BECAUSE OF THE EXPENSE AND 2907 01:45:15,600 --> 01:45:18,040 SHORTAGE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES. 2908 01:45:18,040 --> 01:45:18,840 I ALREADY MENTIONED MOUSE 2909 01:45:18,840 --> 01:45:22,640 STUDIES NEED TO BE EXTENDED TO 2910 01:45:22,640 --> 01:45:25,000 OTHER STRAINS, INCLUDING 2911 01:45:25,000 --> 01:45:26,680 COLLABORATIVE CROSS MICE. 2912 01:45:26,680 --> 01:45:27,600 COLLABORATIVE CROSS MICE ARE 2913 01:45:27,600 --> 01:45:30,280 MICE THAT WERE GENERATED BY 2914 01:45:30,280 --> 01:45:31,160 CROSSING 8 DIFFERENT BOUNDARY 2915 01:45:31,160 --> 01:45:33,320 LINES OF MICE AND THE ORIGINAL 2916 01:45:33,320 --> 01:45:35,600 IDEA WAS TO DEVELOP ABOUT A 2917 01:45:35,600 --> 01:45:36,480 THOUSAND DIFFERENT LINES WHICH 2918 01:45:36,480 --> 01:45:41,400 WOULD BE EXPECTED TO MIMIC 2919 01:45:41,400 --> 01:45:44,520 SPECIFIC HETEROGENERATED AITY OF 2920 01:45:44,520 --> 01:45:45,680 HUMANS, SEVERAL HAVE BEEN 2921 01:45:45,680 --> 01:45:48,160 DEVELOPED WHICH GIVES A GREAT 2922 01:45:48,160 --> 01:45:49,200 RANGE OF HETEROGENERATED AITY. 2923 01:45:49,200 --> 01:45:50,960 AND THIS WILL BE USEFUL FOR 2924 01:45:50,960 --> 01:45:52,440 UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES IN SEX 2925 01:45:52,440 --> 01:45:56,520 DIFFERENCES IN OUTCOMES IN 2926 01:45:56,520 --> 01:45:56,800 COVID-19. 2927 01:45:56,800 --> 01:45:58,000 AND 1 THING THAT IS CLEAR FROM 2928 01:45:58,000 --> 01:46:00,880 SOME OF THESE STUDIES THAT 2929 01:46:00,880 --> 01:46:02,600 SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF ANIMALS 2930 01:46:02,600 --> 01:46:05,200 ARE NOT USED BUT SHOULD BE USED 2931 01:46:05,200 --> 01:46:06,920 TO ASSESS VIRAL IMMUNOLOGICAL 2932 01:46:06,920 --> 01:46:09,920 PARAMETERS AND AS WAS MENTIONED 2933 01:46:09,920 --> 01:46:13,840 EARLIER, DATA SHOULD BE ANALYZE 2934 01:46:13,840 --> 01:46:14,560 INDEED TOTAL AND AFTER 2935 01:46:14,560 --> 01:46:15,760 CONSIDERATION IN SEX EVER 2936 01:46:15,760 --> 01:46:17,320 ANIMALS. 2937 01:46:17,320 --> 01:46:25,400 SO HOW CAN WE--HOW ELSE CAN WE 2938 01:46:25,400 --> 01:46:25,840 USE THESE MODELS? 2939 01:46:25,840 --> 01:46:28,400 SO AS I MENTIONED ALREADY, WE 2940 01:46:28,400 --> 01:46:30,160 NEED TO DETERMINE THE SEX 2941 01:46:30,160 --> 01:46:31,880 DIFFERENCES AND IMMUNE 2942 01:46:31,880 --> 01:46:32,120 RESPONSES. 2943 01:46:32,120 --> 01:46:34,000 THIS NEEDS TO BE DELINEATED. 2944 01:46:34,000 --> 01:46:35,640 WE NEED TO DETERMINE SEX 2945 01:46:35,640 --> 01:46:36,880 DIFFERENCES CAUSED BY HORMONAL 2946 01:46:36,880 --> 01:46:38,840 DIFFERENCES AS WE SAW IN THE 2947 01:46:38,840 --> 01:46:40,880 FIRST STUDIES RELATED TO 2948 01:46:40,880 --> 01:46:41,520 CHROMOSOME GENE DOSAGE 2949 01:46:41,520 --> 01:46:42,680 DIFFERENCES AND THIS IS POSSIBLE 2950 01:46:42,680 --> 01:46:44,760 TO DO NOW BECAUSE GENETICALLY 2951 01:46:44,760 --> 01:46:48,560 MANIPULATED MICE ARE AVAILABLE 2952 01:46:48,560 --> 01:46:49,440 FOR STUDIES AND 1 THING WE DON'T 2953 01:46:49,440 --> 01:46:50,920 KNOW IS IF THERE'S GOING TO BE 2954 01:46:50,920 --> 01:46:53,640 THE SAME KIND OF SEX DIFFERENCES 2955 01:46:53,640 --> 01:46:54,400 AND GENDER--SEX GENDER 2956 01:46:54,400 --> 01:46:58,560 DIFFERENCES THAT WE SAW EARLY IN 2957 01:46:58,560 --> 01:46:59,440 THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IF THIS IS 2958 01:46:59,440 --> 01:47:01,520 GOING TO BE TRUE AS WE NOW HAVE 2959 01:47:01,520 --> 01:47:04,520 MORE INFECTIONS WITH THE OMICRON 2960 01:47:04,520 --> 01:47:05,560 VARIANTS SOME OF WHICH ARE 2961 01:47:05,560 --> 01:47:07,080 DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER AND 2962 01:47:07,080 --> 01:47:09,640 TEND TO CAUSE MORE UPPER 2963 01:47:09,640 --> 01:47:11,120 RESPIRATOR TRACT AND LUNG 2964 01:47:11,120 --> 01:47:12,760 INFECTION PARTLY BECAUSE PEOPLE 2965 01:47:12,760 --> 01:47:14,400 ARE EITHER IMMUNIZED OR HAVE 2966 01:47:14,400 --> 01:47:15,600 BEEN NATURALLY INFECT INDEED THE 2967 01:47:15,600 --> 01:47:15,840 PAST. 2968 01:47:15,840 --> 01:47:18,560 SO THEY ALL HAVE SOME IMMUNITY 2969 01:47:18,560 --> 01:47:20,920 TO THE VIRUS, BUT IT'LL BE 2970 01:47:20,920 --> 01:47:23,800 IMPORTANT TO SEE IF THESE 2971 01:47:23,800 --> 01:47:25,520 VARIANTS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY THAN 2972 01:47:25,520 --> 01:47:31,440 THE STRAINS OF SARS-COV-2 AND 2973 01:47:31,440 --> 01:47:33,240 FINALLY, WAWE UNDERSTAND NOW AS 2974 01:47:33,240 --> 01:47:34,440 WE MOVE FORWARD IS INDUSTRY IS A 2975 01:47:34,440 --> 01:47:37,280 THEME OR READY IN THIS MEETING 2976 01:47:37,280 --> 01:47:39,240 IS LONG ASHING. 2977 01:47:39,240 --> 01:47:40,880 SO LONG COVID IS LIKELY TO BE 2978 01:47:40,880 --> 01:47:43,000 THE MAJOR ISSUE WE DEAL WITH AS 2979 01:47:43,000 --> 01:47:45,320 THE ACUTE PHASE OF THE DISEASE 2980 01:47:45,320 --> 01:47:47,080 RECEDES, WE HOPE IT RECEDES. 2981 01:47:47,080 --> 01:47:50,120 AND AS MENTIONED ALREADY, LONG 2982 01:47:50,120 --> 01:47:52,680 COVID OOSKTS THE LUNG, HEART, 2983 01:47:52,680 --> 01:47:53,240 BRAIN, ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS. 2984 01:47:53,240 --> 01:47:55,640 SO EARLY IN THE PANDEMIC 1 OF 2985 01:47:55,640 --> 01:47:57,800 THE MANIFESTATIONS THAT MY LAB 2986 01:47:57,800 --> 01:47:59,000 SAN FRANCISCO INTERESTED IN 2987 01:47:59,000 --> 01:48:01,400 NAUSEA, THIS WAS SHOWN TO BE 2988 01:48:01,400 --> 01:48:02,760 MORE IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN AND 2989 01:48:02,760 --> 01:48:06,040 THIS IS ALSO SEEN IN LONG COVID, 2990 01:48:06,040 --> 01:48:07,760 BUT MORE RECENT STUDIES SAY THIS 2991 01:48:07,760 --> 01:48:13,600 MAY NOT BE TRUE AND THAT 2992 01:48:13,600 --> 01:48:15,360 ANOSMIA, MAY BE COMMON IN BOTH 2993 01:48:15,360 --> 01:48:18,040 SEXES AND GENDERS BUT THIS NEEDS 2994 01:48:18,040 --> 01:48:20,520 TO BE TEASED OUT MORE AND IS 2995 01:48:20,520 --> 01:48:21,640 STUDIES SUGGEST THAT LONG COVID 2996 01:48:21,640 --> 01:48:24,840 IS MORE SEVERE IN WOMEN THAN IN 2997 01:48:24,840 --> 01:48:25,240 MEN. 2998 01:48:25,240 --> 01:48:26,680 AND THIS OF COURSE, THE SEX PART 2999 01:48:26,680 --> 01:48:28,320 OF THIS IS AN IMPORTANT THING TO 3000 01:48:28,320 --> 01:48:29,760 TRY TO FIGURE OUT AND SOME OF 3001 01:48:29,760 --> 01:48:33,280 THESE THINGS CAN BE ASSESSED IN 3002 01:48:33,280 --> 01:48:34,560 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS BUT SOME 3003 01:48:34,560 --> 01:48:34,800 CANNOT. 3004 01:48:34,800 --> 01:48:36,880 IT'S HARD TO ASK A MOUSE WHETHER 3005 01:48:36,880 --> 01:48:38,320 IT HAS BRAIN FOG OR FATIGUE SO 3006 01:48:38,320 --> 01:48:40,280 WE HAVE TO DO OTHER SURROGATE 3007 01:48:40,280 --> 01:48:42,720 TESTS AND THEN ALSO, I SAW 1 3008 01:48:42,720 --> 01:48:44,080 STUDY THAT SUGGESTED LONG COVID 3009 01:48:44,080 --> 01:48:45,840 WAS MORE COMMON IN WOMEN, LESS 3010 01:48:45,840 --> 01:48:47,280 THAN 60 YEARS OF AGE. 3011 01:48:47,280 --> 01:48:49,240 SO I JUST WANT TO SAY 1 THING, 3012 01:48:49,240 --> 01:48:56,120 WE DO HAVE ANIMAL MODELS THAT 3013 01:48:56,120 --> 01:48:58,840 MAY BE USEFUL FOR THESE 3014 01:48:58,840 --> 01:49:00,000 PHENOMENA, THE MANIFESTATIONS WE 3015 01:49:00,000 --> 01:49:01,200 CAN MEASURE, I MENTION THAT, 3016 01:49:01,200 --> 01:49:04,000 IT'S MOSTLY IN DOING MOUSE 3017 01:49:04,000 --> 01:49:04,800 BEHAVIORIAL STUDIES, I DON'T 3018 01:49:04,800 --> 01:49:06,600 KNOW IF ANY STUDIES SO FAR THAT 3019 01:49:06,600 --> 01:49:10,000 HAVE LOOKED AT LONG COVID TYPE 3020 01:49:10,000 --> 01:49:11,640 SYMPTOMS IN THE HEART OR OTHER 3021 01:49:11,640 --> 01:49:13,760 ORGANS OTHER THAN THE BRAIN BUT 3022 01:49:13,760 --> 01:49:15,840 THIS IS CLEARLY AN AREA OF 3023 01:49:15,840 --> 01:49:16,480 IMPORTANCE FOR UNDERSTANDING 3024 01:49:16,480 --> 01:49:18,080 LONG COVID AS WELL AS 3025 01:49:18,080 --> 01:49:20,240 UNDERSTANDING SEX DIFFERENCES. 3026 01:49:20,240 --> 01:49:30,680 AND WITH THAT I WILL STOP. 3027 01:49:38,600 --> 01:49:44,520 >> I THINK YOU ARE ON MUTE, SIR. 3028 01:49:44,520 --> 01:49:49,160 >> SO THANK YOU DR. PERLMAN, OUR 3029 01:49:49,160 --> 01:49:51,280 NEXT PRESENTATION IS 3030 01:49:51,280 --> 01:49:51,680 DR. BAROUCH. 3031 01:49:51,680 --> 01:49:59,720 >> THANK YOU MARK, I WILL SHARE 3032 01:49:59,720 --> 01:50:00,120 MY SCREEN. 3033 01:50:00,120 --> 01:50:03,960 OKAY, CAN YOU SEE MY SLIDE OKAY? 3034 01:50:03,960 --> 01:50:04,720 >> YEP. 3035 01:50:04,720 --> 01:50:05,160 >> OKAY, VERY GOOD. 3036 01:50:05,160 --> 01:50:09,560 SO I JUST HAVE A VERY BRIEF 3037 01:50:09,560 --> 01:50:11,000 PRESENTATION TODAY, I WILL BE 3038 01:50:11,000 --> 01:50:12,280 THE FIRST 1 TO SAY I DON'T HAVE 3039 01:50:12,280 --> 01:50:16,280 A LOT OF DATA ON SEX DRVESES IN 3040 01:50:16,280 --> 01:50:18,160 RESPONSE COVID-19 VACCINES. 3041 01:50:18,160 --> 01:50:19,920 BUT HOPEFULLY, A FEW WORDS OF 3042 01:50:19,920 --> 01:50:21,400 DISCUSSION WILL RAISE SOME 3043 01:50:21,400 --> 01:50:22,920 QUESTIONS AND BE USEFUL FOR THE 3044 01:50:22,920 --> 01:50:26,680 GROUP AS A WHOLE TO CONSIDER. 3045 01:50:26,680 --> 01:50:28,680 IT'S ACTUALLY A BIT IRONIC THAT 3046 01:50:28,680 --> 01:50:30,560 THERE'S SO LITTLE DATA ON SEX 3047 01:50:30,560 --> 01:50:32,320 DIFFERENCES FOR COVID-19 3048 01:50:32,320 --> 01:50:34,720 VACCINES BECAUSE SO MANY HAVE 3049 01:50:34,720 --> 01:50:41,280 RECEIVED THESE VACCINES AND SO 3050 01:50:41,280 --> 01:50:42,480 IT'S A--SOMEWHAT SURPRISING THAT 3051 01:50:42,480 --> 01:50:45,000 THERE'S NOT BEEN MORE ANALYSIS 3052 01:50:45,000 --> 01:50:48,400 OF THE IMMUNE EFFICACY OR THESE 3053 01:50:48,400 --> 01:50:49,640 VACCINES ACCORDING TO GENDER. 3054 01:50:49,640 --> 01:50:54,240 HERE ARE MY DISCLOSURES. 3055 01:50:54,240 --> 01:50:57,480 AND I DID SEEK INPUT FROM 3056 01:50:57,480 --> 01:51:01,960 COLLEAGUES FOR THIS BRIEF 3057 01:51:01,960 --> 01:51:04,400 PRESENTATION, PARTICULARLY 3058 01:51:04,400 --> 01:51:07,040 GALIT ALTER AND JERRY SADOFF FOR 3059 01:51:07,040 --> 01:51:07,920 DATA AND SLIDES. 3060 01:51:07,920 --> 01:51:09,600 SOPHISTICATEDY AS A BRIEF 3061 01:51:09,600 --> 01:51:11,960 MENTION OF BACKGROUND, AS HAS 3062 01:51:11,960 --> 01:51:14,440 ALREADY BEEN DISCUSSED, THERE 3063 01:51:14,440 --> 01:51:15,840 ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES IN 3064 01:51:15,840 --> 01:51:18,640 TERMS OF OUTCOMES FOR MALES AND 3065 01:51:18,640 --> 01:51:19,600 FEMALES FOLLOWING COVID-19 3066 01:51:19,600 --> 01:51:20,800 INFECTION, THAT WAS RECOGNIZED 3067 01:51:20,800 --> 01:51:23,960 VERY EARLY ON THAT IT WAS IN THE 3068 01:51:23,960 --> 01:51:26,160 ELDERLY IN PARTICULAR COVID-19 3069 01:51:26,160 --> 01:51:27,480 INFECTION OFTEN HAD A WORSE 3070 01:51:27,480 --> 01:51:30,800 OUTCOME IN MALES AND FEMALES. 3071 01:51:30,800 --> 01:51:32,880 BUT THERE IS LESS KNOWN ABOUT 3072 01:51:32,880 --> 01:51:35,480 DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF IMMUNO 3073 01:51:35,480 --> 01:51:42,800 GENERATEDISSITY AND OUTCOMES 3074 01:51:42,800 --> 01:51:43,280 FOLLOWING VACCINATION. 3075 01:51:43,280 --> 01:51:45,680 PRIOR TO THIS PRESENTATION, I 3076 01:51:45,680 --> 01:51:48,360 DID REVIEW THE 3 PHASE 3 TRIALS 3077 01:51:48,360 --> 01:51:49,960 FROM PFIZER, MODERNA AND J& J 3078 01:51:49,960 --> 01:51:59,240 FOR THE COVID VACCINES AND IN 3079 01:51:59,240 --> 01:52:01,160 SUBGROUP ANALYSIS THEN THERE WAS 3080 01:52:01,160 --> 01:52:02,680 NO SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCES IN 3081 01:52:02,680 --> 01:52:04,800 TERMS OF EFFICACY FOR THREEZ 3 3082 01:52:04,800 --> 01:52:11,320 COVID VACCINES BUT I DON'T THINK 3083 01:52:11,320 --> 01:52:12,400 THAT NECESSARILY IS THE FULL 3084 01:52:12,400 --> 01:52:13,920 ANSWER TO THE QUESTION. 3085 01:52:13,920 --> 01:52:15,200 BECAUSE AS YOU RECALL THOSE 3086 01:52:15,200 --> 01:52:17,520 PHASE 3 TRIALS WERE DONE EARLY 3087 01:52:17,520 --> 01:52:19,760 IN THE PANDEMIC AND ONLY LOOKED 3088 01:52:19,760 --> 01:52:21,800 AT THE POINT OF PEAK IMMUNITY 3089 01:52:21,800 --> 01:52:24,920 AND THEA THE TIME EMERGENCE OF 3090 01:52:24,920 --> 01:52:28,080 VALID - 3091 01:52:28,080 --> 01:52:28,440 -VARIANTS. 3092 01:52:28,440 --> 01:52:31,320 AND AT THAT POINT IN TIME THEY 3093 01:52:31,320 --> 01:52:33,320 WERE VASTLY HIGHER THAN WHAT 3094 01:52:33,320 --> 01:52:33,640 WERE NEEDED. 3095 01:52:33,640 --> 01:52:37,240 SO THE FACT THAT WE DIDN'T SEE A 3096 01:52:37,240 --> 01:52:39,480 DIFFERENCE BY SEX IN THOSE PHASE 3097 01:52:39,480 --> 01:52:40,920 3 STUDIES DOESN'T NECESSARILY 3098 01:52:40,920 --> 01:52:48,240 MEAN THAT THERE SUPPORT ANY, IT 3099 01:52:48,240 --> 01:52:50,680 COULD JUST MEAN THAT FOR THE INN 3100 01:52:50,680 --> 01:52:54,000 TIRE CO SHORT, THERE WAS A 3101 01:52:54,000 --> 01:52:54,800 SUBSTANTIAL ANTIBODY PROTECTION, 3102 01:52:54,800 --> 01:52:56,800 SO I WANT TO BRING THAT UP BUT I 3103 01:52:56,800 --> 01:52:58,560 WANT TO BRING THAT UP THAT IT'S 3104 01:52:58,560 --> 01:53:00,880 LARGE PHASE 3 TRIALS THAT 3105 01:53:00,880 --> 01:53:02,960 DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN THAT IS 3106 01:53:02,960 --> 01:53:07,040 THE COMPLETE ANSWER. 3107 01:53:07,040 --> 01:53:09,080 SO WORK REALLY LED BY MY 3108 01:53:09,080 --> 01:53:10,720 COLLEAGUE AND OTHER GROUPS I 3109 01:53:10,720 --> 01:53:14,920 HAVE ALSO REMINDED US THAT 3110 01:53:14,920 --> 01:53:16,480 ANTIBODY RESPONSES COME IN MANY 3111 01:53:16,480 --> 01:53:18,560 FLAVORS AND IN ADDITION TO 3112 01:53:18,560 --> 01:53:19,280 BINDING AND NEUTRALIZING 3113 01:53:19,280 --> 01:53:21,720 ANTIBODIES WHICH ARE THE 2 MOST 3114 01:53:21,720 --> 01:53:23,000 COMMON ANTIBODY RESPONSES 3115 01:53:23,000 --> 01:53:26,280 THERE'S MANY ANTIBODY FUNCTIONS 3116 01:53:26,280 --> 01:53:29,600 AND THESE ARE FC FUNCTIONAL 3117 01:53:29,600 --> 01:53:32,840 ANTIBODIES AND WORK FROM GALIT, 3118 01:53:32,840 --> 01:53:35,800 ALTER HAS SHOWN THERE ARE SEX 3119 01:53:35,800 --> 01:53:38,880 DIFFERENCES IN FC FUNCTIONAL 3120 01:53:38,880 --> 01:53:41,000 ANTIBODY RESPONSES. 3121 01:53:41,000 --> 01:53:42,040 INCLUDING SLIGHTLY HIGHER NK 3122 01:53:42,040 --> 01:53:46,080 CELL RESPONSES IN FEMALES AND 3123 01:53:46,080 --> 01:53:47,480 SLIGHTLY HIGHER NEWT NUTRIFILL 3124 01:53:47,480 --> 01:53:49,720 RESPONSES IN FEMALES BUT PERHAPS 3125 01:53:49,720 --> 01:53:50,920 SLIGHTLY HIGHER MACROPHAGE AND 3126 01:53:50,920 --> 01:53:57,520 COMPLEMENT RESPONSES IN MALES. 3127 01:53:57,520 --> 01:54:04,440 SO ANOTHER STUDY FROM DR. ALTER 3128 01:54:04,440 --> 01:54:05,880 SHOWS THAT THERE ARE DIFFERENCES 3129 01:54:05,880 --> 01:54:10,080 IN ANTIBODY FUNCTION IN COVID-19 3130 01:54:10,080 --> 01:54:10,880 CONVALESCENT INDIVIDUALS. 3131 01:54:10,880 --> 01:54:14,240 SO HERE'S A SMALL STUDY IN 3132 01:54:14,240 --> 01:54:18,680 CONVALESCENT MALES AND FEMALES, 3133 01:54:18,680 --> 01:54:20,720 SUGGESTING THAT CONVALESCENT MAY 3134 01:54:20,720 --> 01:54:21,680 HAVE HIGHER ANTIBODIES THAN 3135 01:54:21,680 --> 01:54:25,040 MALES SHOWN IN THE RED. 3136 01:54:25,040 --> 01:54:26,560 BUT MALES MIGHT HAVE SLIGHTLY 3137 01:54:26,560 --> 01:54:29,720 HIGHER IGA RESPONSES SHOWN IN 3138 01:54:29,720 --> 01:54:30,000 THE BLUE. 3139 01:54:30,000 --> 01:54:31,720 WE DON'T KNOW WHAT THE 3140 01:54:31,720 --> 01:54:33,320 FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OR THE 3141 01:54:33,320 --> 01:54:34,360 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES OF THESE 3142 01:54:34,360 --> 01:54:36,600 ARE, BUT THESE ARE STATISTICAL 3143 01:54:36,600 --> 01:54:42,320 OBSERVATIONS AT THIS POINT IN 3144 01:54:42,320 --> 01:54:42,520 TIME. 3145 01:54:42,520 --> 01:54:49,640 SO HERE'S 1 STUDY OF SEX 3146 01:54:49,640 --> 01:54:55,040 DIFFERENCES TO THE ASTREZENECA, 3147 01:54:55,040 --> 01:54:57,600 STUDY, THIS IS A STUDY IN WHICH 3148 01:54:57,600 --> 01:54:59,000 MALES AND FEMALES WERE STUDIED 3149 01:54:59,000 --> 01:55:00,680 AND ON THE LEFT ARE BINDING 3150 01:55:00,680 --> 01:55:03,320 ANTIBODIES AND ON THE RIGHT IS A 3151 01:55:03,320 --> 01:55:05,280 FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY CALLED 3152 01:55:05,280 --> 01:55:07,800 ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELL OR 3153 01:55:07,800 --> 01:55:09,720 PHAGOCYTOSIS, SO IN TERMS OF 3154 01:55:09,720 --> 01:55:10,920 BINDING ANTIBODIES WE DON'T SEE 3155 01:55:10,920 --> 01:55:13,240 MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE IN BINDING 3156 01:55:13,240 --> 01:55:14,360 ANTIBODIES BETWEEN MALES AND 3157 01:55:14,360 --> 01:55:14,720 FEMALES. 3158 01:55:14,720 --> 01:55:19,240 THIS IS A CROSS DIFFERENT 3159 01:55:19,240 --> 01:55:23,440 SUBCLASSES, IGG1, IGG3, IGA, 3160 01:55:23,440 --> 01:55:26,080 IGM, FCRECEPTOR A, BINDING, 3161 01:55:26,080 --> 01:55:27,280 FCRECEPTOR 3A BINDING AND ACROSS 3162 01:55:27,280 --> 01:55:31,440 DIFFERENT VALID AND RELIABLE 3163 01:55:31,440 --> 01:55:34,200 YABTS, 501 Y, AND THEN SEVERAL 3164 01:55:34,200 --> 01:55:34,600 OTHER VARIANTS. 3165 01:55:34,600 --> 01:55:37,960 AND THESE ARE REALLY ESSENTIALLY 3166 01:55:37,960 --> 01:55:39,560 ALMOST SMACK ON AS VERY, VERY 3167 01:55:39,560 --> 01:55:42,680 SIMILAR TO MALES AND FEMALES. 3168 01:55:42,680 --> 01:55:46,240 IF WE LOOK AT THE ASPECT BODY 3169 01:55:46,240 --> 01:55:47,920 RESPONSE, THEN CLEARLY THE 2 ARE 3170 01:55:47,920 --> 01:55:50,320 STILL OVERLAPPING BUT THERE IS A 3171 01:55:50,320 --> 01:55:51,400 SLIGHTLY HIGHER ASPECT BODY 3172 01:55:51,400 --> 01:55:56,240 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE IN FEMALES 3173 01:55:56,240 --> 01:55:56,720 COMPARED WITH MALES. 3174 01:55:56,720 --> 01:56:00,120 IN A STUDY THAT WE PARTICIPATED 3175 01:56:00,120 --> 01:56:02,760 IN, THAT WAS A LARGER J& J 3176 01:56:02,760 --> 01:56:07,320 VACCINE STUDY WITH THE 3177 01:56:07,320 --> 01:56:09,200 AD26-POINT COV2 S VACCINE, THEN 3178 01:56:09,200 --> 01:56:11,120 A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY 3179 01:56:11,120 --> 01:56:13,640 DOES SHOW THAT THERE'S SLIGHTLY 3180 01:56:13,640 --> 01:56:14,480 HIGHER NEUTRALIZING EABT BODY 3181 01:56:14,480 --> 01:56:15,560 TITERS IN FETAL 3182 01:56:15,560 --> 01:56:16,560 COMPARTMENTINALLYS COMPARED WITH 3183 01:56:16,560 --> 01:56:17,360 MALES TO THISAC VARMIS BEING 3184 01:56:17,360 --> 01:56:17,760 SEEN. 3185 01:56:17,760 --> 01:56:21,800 IF YOU LOOK AT DAY 29 OR DAY 71 3186 01:56:21,800 --> 01:56:23,200 FOLLOWING VACCINATION, THEN 3187 01:56:23,200 --> 01:56:29,040 THERE IS A SLIGHT BUT YET 3188 01:56:29,040 --> 01:56:30,080 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT LOWER 3189 01:56:30,080 --> 01:56:32,280 ANTIBODY TITERS IN MALES AND 3190 01:56:32,280 --> 01:56:34,200 HIGHER ANTIBODIES IN FEMALES, 3191 01:56:34,200 --> 01:56:39,160 THIS IS RELATIVELY SMALL, JUST A 3192 01:56:39,160 --> 01:56:42,480 .12 LOG ANTIBODY UNITS AND THIS 3193 01:56:42,480 --> 01:56:47,520 IS SARS-COV-2 NEUTRALIZATION TO 3194 01:56:47,520 --> 01:56:49,040 THE WILD-TYPE VERYIANT LINEAR 3195 01:56:49,040 --> 01:56:50,640 REGRESSION OF ACTUAL VALUES 3196 01:56:50,640 --> 01:56:54,640 COMPARED WITH THE GENDER 3197 01:56:54,640 --> 01:56:56,040 PARTICIPANT AND THE PROTOCOL 3198 01:56:56,040 --> 01:56:56,400 SIDE. 3199 01:56:56,400 --> 01:57:01,640 SO THIS A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF 3200 01:57:01,640 --> 01:57:03,520 ABOUT 200 INDIVIDUALS ON DAY 29 3201 01:57:03,520 --> 01:57:05,520 AND ABOUT A HUNDRED INDIVIDUALS 3202 01:57:05,520 --> 01:57:06,800 ON DAY 71 ABOUT I THINK THE 3203 01:57:06,800 --> 01:57:08,440 MESSAGE HERE IS THAT ALTHOUGH 3204 01:57:08,440 --> 01:57:09,960 THESE DIFFERENCES ARE 3205 01:57:09,960 --> 01:57:11,920 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT, IT 3206 01:57:11,920 --> 01:57:12,720 DOESN'T NECESSARILY IMPLAY 3207 01:57:12,720 --> 01:57:13,680 CLINICAL SIGNATURES 95 XANS AND 3208 01:57:13,680 --> 01:57:14,960 I THINK THOSE ARE 2 VERY 3209 01:57:14,960 --> 01:57:18,680 DIFFERENT POINTS AND I THINK WE 3210 01:57:18,680 --> 01:57:22,400 SHOULD PROBABLY EMPHASIZE THAT 3211 01:57:22,400 --> 01:57:23,200 DIFFERENCE. 3212 01:57:23,200 --> 01:57:26,840 SO THERE MAY BE A SEX AND GENDER 3213 01:57:26,840 --> 01:57:29,000 DIFFERENCE IN ANTIBODY FUNCTION. 3214 01:57:29,000 --> 01:57:31,440 WE'VE OBSERVED IN 2 DIFFERENT 3215 01:57:31,440 --> 01:57:33,400 VACCINE STUDIES SLIGHTLY HIGHER 3216 01:57:33,400 --> 01:57:34,720 FC FUNCTIONALITY OR 3217 01:57:34,720 --> 01:57:37,240 NEUTRALIZATION IN E-MAILS 3218 01:57:37,240 --> 01:57:39,040 COMPARED WITH MALES TO 2 3219 01:57:39,040 --> 01:57:40,160 COVID-19 VACCINES AND THIS IS 3220 01:57:40,160 --> 01:57:43,960 CONSIST WENT WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT 3221 01:57:43,960 --> 01:57:45,640 VAC SINOLOGY AS A WHOLE WHERE 3222 01:57:45,640 --> 01:57:48,400 ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO MMR, DTP 3223 01:57:48,400 --> 01:57:49,800 AND FLU VACCINES IN MOST STUDIES 3224 01:57:49,800 --> 01:57:51,720 TEND TO BE A BIT HIGHER IN 3225 01:57:51,720 --> 01:57:52,920 FEMALES THAN IN MALES. 3226 01:57:52,920 --> 01:57:54,880 BUT IT'S NOT CLEAR THAT 3227 01:57:54,880 --> 01:57:56,080 PROTECTION IN FEMALES IS BETTER 3228 01:57:56,080 --> 01:57:58,480 THAN PROTECTION IN MALES. 3229 01:57:58,480 --> 01:58:06,720 SO I THINK THAT WHILE--WHILE 3230 01:58:06,720 --> 01:58:07,560 THESE ARE STATISTICALLY 3231 01:58:07,560 --> 01:58:08,480 SIGNIFICANT AND THE CLINICAL 3232 01:58:08,480 --> 01:58:09,560 RELEVANCE OF THESE DIFFERENCES 3233 01:58:09,560 --> 01:58:10,560 REALLY IS A SEPARATE QUESTION 3234 01:58:10,560 --> 01:58:12,200 THAT NEEDS TO BE DETERMINED AND 3235 01:58:12,200 --> 01:58:13,480 BECAUSE WE REALLY DON'T HAVE THE 3236 01:58:13,480 --> 01:58:16,480 ANSWERS TO A QUESTION THAT FOR 3237 01:58:16,480 --> 01:58:19,120 WHICH THERE IS CERTAINLY A LOT 3238 01:58:19,120 --> 01:58:21,240 OF RAW DATA AROUND THAT I THINK 3239 01:58:21,240 --> 01:58:23,720 IT'S AN UNDERSTATED AREA AND IT 3240 01:58:23,720 --> 01:58:26,920 REALLY WARRANTS A MORE DETAILED 3241 01:58:26,920 --> 01:58:27,200 EVALUATION. 3242 01:58:27,200 --> 01:58:28,640 SO, FINAL SLIDE ON KNOWLEDGE 3243 01:58:28,640 --> 01:58:33,400 GAPS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES, 3244 01:58:33,400 --> 01:58:35,000 SEX DIFFERENCES IN ANTIBODY 3245 01:58:35,000 --> 01:58:36,360 FUNCTION REQUIRE CONFIRMATION 3246 01:58:36,360 --> 01:58:38,000 ACROSS DIFFERENT VACCINES, 3247 01:58:38,000 --> 01:58:38,640 DEMOGRAPHICS AND GEOGRAPHIES. 3248 01:58:38,640 --> 01:58:41,000 WE SHOULD ALSO REMEMBER THAT THE 3249 01:58:41,000 --> 01:58:42,640 CELL OR THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IS 3250 01:58:42,640 --> 01:58:44,840 ALSO VERY IMPORTANT FOR COVID-19 3251 01:58:44,840 --> 01:58:46,680 VACCINES AND I THINK THE 3252 01:58:46,680 --> 01:58:48,760 IMPORTANCE OF T-CELLS HAS BEEN 3253 01:58:48,760 --> 01:58:49,920 EMPHASIZED IN PARTICULAR FOR 3254 01:58:49,920 --> 01:58:52,280 VARIANT WHICH IS IS OMIKRON AND 3255 01:58:52,280 --> 01:58:54,120 THE SEX DIFFERENCES FOR CELL 3256 01:58:54,120 --> 01:58:57,080 IMMUNITY REMAINS TO BE 3257 01:58:57,080 --> 01:58:57,360 DETERMINED. 3258 01:58:57,360 --> 01:58:58,640 THE DIFFERENCES FOR VACCINE 3259 01:58:58,640 --> 01:59:00,800 EFFICACY IS PROBABLY THE MOST 3260 01:59:00,800 --> 01:59:02,080 RELEVANT PARAMETER IS MORE 3261 01:59:02,080 --> 01:59:03,760 IMPORTANT THAN STRAIGHT FORWARD 3262 01:59:03,760 --> 01:59:04,440 DIFFERENCES IN IMMUNO 3263 01:59:04,440 --> 01:59:06,080 GENERATEDISSITY AND SHOULD BE 3264 01:59:06,080 --> 01:59:06,560 EVALUATED. 3265 01:59:06,560 --> 01:59:08,800 AS I MENTIONED THE RANDOMIZED 3266 01:59:08,800 --> 01:59:10,080 PHASE 3 TRIALS DO NOT APPEAR TO 3267 01:59:10,080 --> 01:59:12,240 SHOW A DIFFERENCE IN VACCINE 3268 01:59:12,240 --> 01:59:13,520 EFFICACY ACCORDING TO GENDER, 3269 01:59:13,520 --> 01:59:16,640 BUT I THINK WITH A CAVEAT THAT 3270 01:59:16,640 --> 01:59:21,120 THAT EFFICACY WAS MEASURED AT A 3271 01:59:21,120 --> 01:59:22,880 TIME OF PEAK IMMUNITY AT A TIME 3272 01:59:22,880 --> 01:59:25,000 WHEN THERE WERE SO CIRCULATING 3273 01:59:25,000 --> 01:59:25,280 VARIANTS. 3274 01:59:25,280 --> 01:59:27,560 SO HOW IT PLAYS OUT IN THE REAL 3275 01:59:27,560 --> 01:59:30,000 WORLD WHERE THE ANTIBODY TITERS 3276 01:59:30,000 --> 01:59:31,760 ARE MARGINALLY SUFFICIENT FOR 3277 01:59:31,760 --> 01:59:33,480 PROTECTION AS OPPOSE TO VASTLY 3278 01:59:33,480 --> 01:59:35,280 HIGHER THAN NEED FOR PROTECTION 3279 01:59:35,280 --> 01:59:37,120 AGAINST VARIANTS THAT LARGELY 3280 01:59:37,120 --> 01:59:39,600 ESCAPE THESE REINTONSS, I THINK 3281 01:59:39,600 --> 01:59:40,400 REALLY, REALLY RAISES THIS 3282 01:59:40,400 --> 01:59:43,520 QUESTION AS A NEW QUESTION. 3283 01:59:43,520 --> 01:59:46,720 AND THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF 3284 01:59:46,720 --> 01:59:49,440 THE OBSERVED, RELATIVELY MODEST 3285 01:59:49,440 --> 01:59:50,760 DIFFERENCES OF IMMUNOLOGIC 3286 01:59:50,760 --> 01:59:52,760 PARAMETERS NEEDS TO BE DEFINED 3287 01:59:52,760 --> 01:59:55,320 AND AS WE HEARD FROM STANLEY, 3288 01:59:55,320 --> 01:59:56,880 THESE WILL BE USED FOR THESE 3289 01:59:56,880 --> 01:59:58,560 DIFFERENCES AND SO THAT'S MY 3290 01:59:58,560 --> 02:00:05,920 LAST SLIDE AND I WILL STOP 3291 02:00:05,920 --> 02:00:06,400 THERE. 3292 02:00:06,400 --> 02:00:11,920 >> THANK YOU DR. BAROUCH VERY 3293 02:00:11,920 --> 02:00:12,640 MUCH, DR. SCULLY? 3294 02:00:12,640 --> 02:00:12,960 >> GREAT. 3295 02:00:12,960 --> 02:00:19,440 LET ME JUST SHARE MY SCREEN. 3296 02:00:19,440 --> 02:00:22,080 DO I LOOK RIGHT? 3297 02:00:22,080 --> 02:00:22,360 >> YES. 3298 02:00:22,360 --> 02:00:22,640 >> GREAT. 3299 02:00:22,640 --> 02:00:23,440 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3300 02:00:23,440 --> 02:00:24,600 THANK YOU FOR THE TIEWPT TO BE 3301 02:00:24,600 --> 02:00:26,280 HERE TODAY, I HAVE NO CONFLICTS 3302 02:00:26,280 --> 02:00:26,600 OF INTEREST. 3303 02:00:26,600 --> 02:00:28,680 SO I WILL GET STARTED RIGHT 3304 02:00:28,680 --> 02:00:29,920 AWAY, BACK EARLY IN THE 3305 02:00:29,920 --> 02:00:31,520 PANDEMIC, THERE WAS A SUGGESTION 3306 02:00:31,520 --> 02:00:33,280 OF INCREASED RISK OF SEVERE 3307 02:00:33,280 --> 02:00:35,400 DISEASE OR DEATH AMONG MALES AND 3308 02:00:35,400 --> 02:00:37,320 IN LARGE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES 3309 02:00:37,320 --> 02:00:38,800 INCLUDING MORE THAN 17 MILLION 3310 02:00:38,800 --> 02:00:39,560 PEOPLE AND ALMOST 11,000 DEATHS 3311 02:00:39,560 --> 02:00:41,760 SHOWN HERE FROM THE UK OPEN 3312 02:00:41,760 --> 02:00:44,440 SAFELY DATABASE, THERE WAS AN 3313 02:00:44,440 --> 02:00:46,160 ESTIMATED HAZARD RATIO FOR DEATH 3314 02:00:46,160 --> 02:00:49,080 OF 1.59 IN THE PULLEY ADJUSTED 3315 02:00:49,080 --> 02:00:52,840 MODEL WHICH IS ON-PARWITH SEVERE 3316 02:00:52,840 --> 02:00:54,240 OBESITY AND MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 3317 02:00:54,240 --> 02:00:55,960 INDEX, AND WHEN THE COURSE OF 3318 02:00:55,960 --> 02:00:57,160 DISEASE THIS OCCURS IS NOT 3319 02:00:57,160 --> 02:00:58,560 TOTALLY CLEAR AND THIS AN 3320 02:00:58,560 --> 02:01:00,720 IMPORTANT RESEARCH QUESTION TO 3321 02:01:00,720 --> 02:01:01,000 CONSIDER. 3322 02:01:01,000 --> 02:01:03,080 WHETHER THAT'S PRIOR TO 3323 02:01:03,080 --> 02:01:03,680 HOSPITALIZATION, AT 3324 02:01:03,680 --> 02:01:04,800 HOSPITALIZATION OR AFTER, BUT 3325 02:01:04,800 --> 02:01:06,560 DATA FROM FRANCE DID SHOW THAT 3326 02:01:06,560 --> 02:01:08,040 ACROSS AGE GROUPS MALES WERE 3327 02:01:08,040 --> 02:01:09,160 MORE LIKELY TO BE HOSPITALIZED 3328 02:01:09,160 --> 02:01:11,160 TO BE IN THE ICU AND TO HAVE 3329 02:01:11,160 --> 02:01:15,360 SEVERE DISEASE OR DEATH. 3330 02:01:15,360 --> 02:01:17,240 IN ADDITION AS HIGHLIGHTED IN 3331 02:01:17,240 --> 02:01:19,400 THE WONDERFUL OVERVIEW TALK AT 3332 02:01:19,400 --> 02:01:22,800 THEY BEGINNING, THE GLOBAL 50/50 3333 02:01:22,800 --> 02:01:23,600 DATA HAS TRACKED THESE 3334 02:01:23,600 --> 02:01:25,040 DIFFERENCES IN THE ERA OF 3335 02:01:25,040 --> 02:01:27,480 VACCINES AND WE STILL SEE AN 3336 02:01:27,480 --> 02:01:29,000 OVERREPRESENTATION OF MALES IN 3337 02:01:29,000 --> 02:01:32,400 ICU ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS 3338 02:01:32,400 --> 02:01:34,680 COMPARED TO FEMALES AS COMPARED 3339 02:01:34,680 --> 02:01:36,720 TO VACCINATION LEVELS AND TEST 3340 02:01:36,720 --> 02:01:37,160 POSITIVITY RATES. 3341 02:01:37,160 --> 02:01:38,520 WHAT'S THE MECHANISM FOR IN AND 3342 02:01:38,520 --> 02:01:40,440 IS IT SEX JERSUS GENDER. 3343 02:01:40,440 --> 02:01:42,080 AND THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION 3344 02:01:42,080 --> 02:01:44,040 IS YES, BECAUSE I THINK BOTH OF 3345 02:01:44,040 --> 02:01:46,360 THESE FACTORS CLEARLY HAVE AN 3346 02:01:46,360 --> 02:01:47,520 IMPACT, I NOTICED THAT EARLIER 3347 02:01:47,520 --> 02:01:49,040 IN THE SESSION, SOMEONE HAD 3348 02:01:49,040 --> 02:01:50,560 MENTIONED IN THE CHAT THE 3349 02:01:50,560 --> 02:01:51,960 IMPORTANCE OF PARSING SEX AND 3350 02:01:51,960 --> 02:01:55,520 GENDER AND I WILL SAY IT'SA AN 3351 02:01:55,520 --> 02:01:56,080 IMEULOGIOLOGYIST WHO'S BEEN 3352 02:01:56,080 --> 02:01:57,040 THINK BEING THIS IN THE SETTING 3353 02:01:57,040 --> 02:02:00,800 OF HIV FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS, 3354 02:02:00,800 --> 02:02:01,520 THIS BECOMES EXTREMELY DIFFICULT 3355 02:02:01,520 --> 02:02:04,680 TO DO BECAUSE THERE ARE SEX 3356 02:02:04,680 --> 02:02:06,160 CHROMOSOME ENCODED IMMUNOLOGIC 3357 02:02:06,160 --> 02:02:09,360 DETERMINANTS BUT ALSO HORMONAL 3358 02:02:09,360 --> 02:02:10,760 EFFECTS THAT INCLUDE GENE 3359 02:02:10,760 --> 02:02:11,840 EXPRESSION IN CELLS, AND HORR 3360 02:02:11,840 --> 02:02:13,840 MANYS CAN BE FROM SEX ASSIGNED 3361 02:02:13,840 --> 02:02:15,560 AT BERGT ORIGINAL PART OF A 3362 02:02:15,560 --> 02:02:16,920 GENDER AFFIRMATION TREATMENT AND 3363 02:02:16,920 --> 02:02:19,040 THE SUPER IMPOSITION OF STRESS 3364 02:02:19,040 --> 02:02:20,200 WHICH CAN THEN EFFECT GENE 3365 02:02:20,200 --> 02:02:22,040 EXPRESSION AT MULTIPLE LEVELS 3366 02:02:22,040 --> 02:02:24,600 ALSO HAS A VERY COMPLEX 3367 02:02:24,600 --> 02:02:25,640 INTERPLAY WITH IMMUNOLOGIC 3368 02:02:25,640 --> 02:02:27,680 RESPONSES SO, WHILE I AGREE, WE 3369 02:02:27,680 --> 02:02:29,680 NEED TO BE PRECISE, IT CAN BE 3370 02:02:29,680 --> 02:02:30,960 VERY CHALLENGING TO DO. 3371 02:02:30,960 --> 02:02:33,240 I WOULD ARGUE THOUGH THAT THIS 3372 02:02:33,240 --> 02:02:34,240 IS THE DIRECTION THAT MEDICINE 3373 02:02:34,240 --> 02:02:35,520 SHOULD BE MOVING IN AND AS WE 3374 02:02:35,520 --> 02:02:37,520 TALK ABOUT TRYING TO GET 3375 02:02:37,520 --> 02:02:40,120 PRECISION TREATMENTS FOR ALL 3376 02:02:40,120 --> 02:02:41,560 SORTS OF DISEASES, BEING PRECISE 3377 02:02:41,560 --> 02:02:42,760 ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL IN FRONT OF 3378 02:02:42,760 --> 02:02:44,640 YOU WITH RESPECT TO BOTH THEIR 3379 02:02:44,640 --> 02:02:47,720 BIOLOGICAL SEX AND THEIR 3380 02:02:47,720 --> 02:02:48,560 GEPPEDDER EXPRESSION SEEMS LIKE 3381 02:02:48,560 --> 02:02:51,280 AN EARLY STEP TOWARDS TARGETING 3382 02:02:51,280 --> 02:02:52,440 TREATMENTS FOR MAXIMAL BENEFIT 3383 02:02:52,440 --> 02:02:53,520 AND MINIMAL SIDE EFFECTS. 3384 02:02:53,520 --> 02:02:54,840 SO EARLY IN THE PANDEMIC THERE 3385 02:02:54,840 --> 02:02:57,840 WERE A NUMBER OF PROPOSED 3386 02:02:57,840 --> 02:02:59,000 BIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS FOR SEX 3387 02:02:59,000 --> 02:03:00,160 DIFFERENCES IN DISEASE OUTCOMES 3388 02:03:00,160 --> 02:03:03,440 INCLUDING SOME OF THE ACE 2 AND 3389 02:03:03,440 --> 02:03:06,400 LITERATURE THAT WAS BEAUTIFULLY 3390 02:03:06,400 --> 02:03:09,880 REVIEWED BY DR. CHAPPELL, 3391 02:03:09,880 --> 02:03:10,120 EARLIER. 3392 02:03:10,120 --> 02:03:12,200 ALSO THE VIRAL DIFFERENCES THAT 3393 02:03:12,200 --> 02:03:16,120 HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPACT OTHER 3394 02:03:16,120 --> 02:03:19,440 VIRUSES INCLUDING HIV, AND THE 3395 02:03:19,440 --> 02:03:21,760 TLR 7 HAS BEEN POINTED OUT TO BE 3396 02:03:21,760 --> 02:03:23,520 A CONTRIBUTOR OF MUTATIONS THAT 3397 02:03:23,520 --> 02:03:25,960 ARE OBSERVED IN MALE WHO IS ONLY 3398 02:03:25,960 --> 02:03:26,960 HAVE A SINGLE COPY. 3399 02:03:26,960 --> 02:03:29,320 AND IN OTHER WORD AUTOANTIBODIES 3400 02:03:29,320 --> 02:03:31,720 TO TYPE 1 INTERFERONS HAS BEEN 3401 02:03:31,720 --> 02:03:33,360 FREQUENT IN MALES AND MAYBE 3402 02:03:33,360 --> 02:03:34,440 DETERMINANT OF SEVERE DISEASE IN 3403 02:03:34,440 --> 02:03:36,000 A SUBSET OF CONDITIONS FELT 3404 02:03:36,000 --> 02:03:37,960 OTHER DATA LOOKING AT OVERALL 3405 02:03:37,960 --> 02:03:39,240 IMMUNE CELL DISTRIBUTION OR 3406 02:03:39,240 --> 02:03:40,560 ADAPTIVE RESPONSES HAS BEEN A 3407 02:03:40,560 --> 02:03:42,840 BIT MORE DIFFICULT TO PARSE IN 3408 02:03:42,840 --> 02:03:46,280 PART DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN 3409 02:03:46,280 --> 02:03:48,080 SAMPLING TIME, BASE LINE 3410 02:03:48,080 --> 02:03:49,600 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF PATIENTS 3411 02:03:49,600 --> 02:03:50,400 INCLUDED AND COMPLEXITY OF 3412 02:03:50,400 --> 02:03:51,920 DETERMINE WHAG IS A PROTECTIVE 3413 02:03:51,920 --> 02:03:54,200 AND WHAT IS A DETRIMENTAL IMMUNE 3414 02:03:54,200 --> 02:03:55,520 RESPONSE. 3415 02:03:55,520 --> 02:03:56,520 SO I WILL TELL YOU TODAY ABOUT 3416 02:03:56,520 --> 02:03:57,840 WHAT WE'VE DONE TO TRY TO LOOK 3417 02:03:57,840 --> 02:03:59,200 AT THE CLINICAL DIFFERENCES 3418 02:03:59,200 --> 02:04:01,000 BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES IN OUR 3419 02:04:01,000 --> 02:04:02,800 JOHNS HOPKINS SYSTEM AND THEN 3420 02:04:02,800 --> 02:04:07,800 POTENTIALLY TO EXPLORE SOME OF 3421 02:04:07,800 --> 02:04:08,680 THOSE MECHANISMS. 3422 02:04:08,680 --> 02:04:09,200 SOPHISTICATED SO FIRST I'M 3423 02:04:09,200 --> 02:04:13,040 SHOWING YOU DATA FROM THE 3424 02:04:13,040 --> 02:04:16,040 JHH CROWN REGISTRY, THIS SHOWS 3425 02:04:16,040 --> 02:04:19,280 THE AGES OF 18-75 AND WE AWE A 3426 02:04:19,280 --> 02:04:21,440 HIGHER POSITIVE AMONG MALES AND 3427 02:04:21,440 --> 02:04:22,960 AMONG THOSE THAT DID TEST 3428 02:04:22,960 --> 02:04:25,080 POSITIVE WE SAW A HIGHER AMOUNT 3429 02:04:25,080 --> 02:04:26,720 IN THE AGE STRATEGIC PLAN UMKC 3430 02:04:26,720 --> 02:04:27,720 BETWEEN 18-75. 3431 02:04:27,720 --> 02:04:33,360 WHEN WE LOOK AT ASYMPTOMATIC 3432 02:04:33,360 --> 02:04:34,680 SCREENING TO LOOK AT THE 3433 02:04:34,680 --> 02:04:36,960 DIFFERENCES BY SEX IN PEOPLE WHO 3434 02:04:36,960 --> 02:04:38,480 WERE CONSIDERED ASYMPTOMATIC FOR 3435 02:04:38,480 --> 02:04:40,160 COVID-19 WHEN WE LOOK AT TEST 3436 02:04:40,160 --> 02:04:41,280 POSITIVITY RATES AND IN EMERGING 3437 02:04:41,280 --> 02:04:43,640 ITS OF RACE AND ETHNICITY WE SAW 3438 02:04:43,640 --> 02:04:45,640 A TIGHT MIRRORING OF MALE AND 3439 02:04:45,640 --> 02:04:48,200 FEMALE TEST POSITIVITY RATES 3440 02:04:48,200 --> 02:04:49,040 WITHIN RACE AND ETHNICITY GROUPS 3441 02:04:49,040 --> 02:04:50,640 AND I WILL NOTE HERE THAT THIS 3442 02:04:50,640 --> 02:04:53,040 IS DRAWN FROM OUR MEDICAL RECORD 3443 02:04:53,040 --> 02:04:54,200 DATABASE AND REVIEW SEX 3444 02:04:54,200 --> 02:04:56,600 ASSIGNEDDA THE BIRTH BECAUSE 3445 02:04:56,600 --> 02:04:58,240 THERE ARE 2 STEP IDENTIFIERS 3446 02:04:58,240 --> 02:05:00,640 COLLECTED BUT THE VALIDATION OF 3447 02:05:00,640 --> 02:05:01,800 THE GENDER IDENTITY WAS NOT YET 3448 02:05:01,800 --> 02:05:02,520 CARRIED OUT AND THAT WAS 3449 02:05:02,520 --> 02:05:05,560 SOMETHING THAT CAN BE DONE IN 3450 02:05:05,560 --> 02:05:06,000 THE FUTURE. 3451 02:05:06,000 --> 02:05:07,480 SO IN TERMS OF NEXT WE LOOK AT 3452 02:05:07,480 --> 02:05:08,600 THOSE PATIENT WHO IS ARE 3453 02:05:08,600 --> 02:05:09,920 HOSPITALIZED AND THIS IS LOOKING 3454 02:05:09,920 --> 02:05:11,320 AT THE PERIOD BETWEEN MARCH AND 3455 02:05:11,320 --> 02:05:15,160 OCTOBER OF 2020 SO IT 3456 02:05:15,160 --> 02:05:15,760 PREVACCINATION ERA, THERE ARE 3457 02:05:15,760 --> 02:05:16,480 2600 PATIENT WHO IS ARE 3458 02:05:16,480 --> 02:05:18,640 HOSPITALIZED DURING THAT TIME 3459 02:05:18,640 --> 02:05:20,680 AND THEIR RACE ETHNICITY AND AGE 3460 02:05:20,680 --> 02:05:21,640 DEMOGRAPHICS ARE SHOWN ON THE 3461 02:05:21,640 --> 02:05:21,880 LEFT. 3462 02:05:21,880 --> 02:05:23,480 WE DID SEE THAT ALTHOUGH THE 3463 02:05:23,480 --> 02:05:28,200 MEDIAN AGE WAS SIMILAR, WE SAW 3464 02:05:28,200 --> 02:05:29,960 DIFFERENCES IN CERTAIN 3465 02:05:29,960 --> 02:05:30,960 CO-MORBIDITIES INCLUDING HIGHER 3466 02:05:30,960 --> 02:05:32,760 RATE OF ASTHMA AND FEMALES, 3467 02:05:32,760 --> 02:05:34,320 HIGHER RATES OF HYPERTENSION AND 3468 02:05:34,320 --> 02:05:37,040 KIDNEY DISEASE IN MALES, MORE 3469 02:05:37,040 --> 02:05:38,640 SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG 3470 02:05:38,640 --> 02:05:41,560 MALES AND HIGH RATES OF 3471 02:05:41,560 --> 02:05:42,960 DIVERSITY AS SHOWN--DEPICTED IN 3472 02:05:42,960 --> 02:05:44,160 THE BAR GRAPH AT THE TOP. 3473 02:05:44,160 --> 02:05:46,920 WE ALSO LOOK AT INFLAMMATORY 3474 02:05:46,920 --> 02:05:47,840 PROFILES THAT WERE DRAWN HAS 3475 02:05:47,840 --> 02:05:49,760 PART OF CLINICAL CARE AND WE SAW 3476 02:05:49,760 --> 02:05:53,520 A SYSTEMATICALLY LOW LEVELS OF 3477 02:05:53,520 --> 02:05:55,840 INFLAMMATION IN MALES WITH 3478 02:05:55,840 --> 02:05:57,440 COVID-19 AS COMPARED WITH MALES 3479 02:05:57,440 --> 02:05:59,600 AND GROUPS AT NYU AS WELL. 3480 02:05:59,600 --> 02:06:01,680 SHOWN HERE ACROSS ALL THE AGE 3481 02:06:01,680 --> 02:06:03,120 DISTRIBUTION AND THESE ARE THE 3482 02:06:03,120 --> 02:06:04,920 VALUES WESTBOUND 24 HOURS OF 3483 02:06:04,920 --> 02:06:05,440 ADMISSION FOR COVID-19. 3484 02:06:05,440 --> 02:06:06,400 SO NEXT WE SOUGHT TO TRY AND 3485 02:06:06,400 --> 02:06:08,920 FIGURE OUT WHICH OF THESE 3486 02:06:08,920 --> 02:06:09,720 FACTORS, DIFFERENCES IN 3487 02:06:09,720 --> 02:06:11,120 CO-MORBIDITIES OR OTHER FEATURES 3488 02:06:11,120 --> 02:06:12,880 WERE DRIVING ANY DIFFERENCES AND 3489 02:06:12,880 --> 02:06:15,320 WE ESTIMATED THE SEX EFFECT ON 3490 02:06:15,320 --> 02:06:17,040 THE ODDS RATIO OF SEVERE DISEASE 3491 02:06:17,040 --> 02:06:18,160 OR DEATH CONSIST WENT WHAT'S 3492 02:06:18,160 --> 02:06:19,880 BEEN SEEN IN OTHER COHORTS IN 3493 02:06:19,880 --> 02:06:21,320 THIS COHORT OF OUR HOSPITALIZED 3494 02:06:21,320 --> 02:06:24,600 PATIENTS WE SAW A HIGHER RISK OF 3495 02:06:24,600 --> 02:06:25,960 SEVERE DISEASE OR DEATH. 3496 02:06:25,960 --> 02:06:27,920 THIS WAS FOR US PRIMARILY 3497 02:06:27,920 --> 02:06:30,080 FOCUSED ON THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE 3498 02:06:30,080 --> 02:06:31,920 STRATEGIC PLAN UMKC BETWEEN 18 3499 02:06:31,920 --> 02:06:32,880 AND 14. 3500 02:06:32,880 --> 02:06:34,520 WE ADDED IN MULTIPETRESSABLE 3501 02:06:34,520 --> 02:06:35,920 VARIABLE BLOCKS FOR OTHER 3502 02:06:35,920 --> 02:06:37,680 FEATURES OF GENDER AND SEX THAT 3503 02:06:37,680 --> 02:06:39,080 MAY HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THESE 3504 02:06:39,080 --> 02:06:41,440 OUTCOMES AND WHEN WE ADDED IN 3505 02:06:41,440 --> 02:06:42,520 ADMISSION SOURCE, INCLUDING 3506 02:06:42,520 --> 02:06:46,240 NURSING HOME BODY MASS INDEX, 3507 02:06:46,240 --> 02:06:48,760 COMORBID CONDITIONS SMOKING OR 3508 02:06:48,760 --> 02:06:51,760 WHOLE USE, PRESENTING VITALS, 3509 02:06:51,760 --> 02:06:53,800 AND GENERAL LABS, WE DID NOT SEE 3510 02:06:53,800 --> 02:06:55,000 A SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE IN THIS 3511 02:06:55,000 --> 02:06:55,360 RISK ESTIMATE. 3512 02:06:55,360 --> 02:06:57,480 HOWEVER WHEN WE,A JUSTED FOR THE 3513 02:06:57,480 --> 02:06:58,800 BASE LINE INFLAMMA ARE TOY LABS 3514 02:06:58,800 --> 02:07:00,640 WE DID SEE A SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE 3515 02:07:00,640 --> 02:07:03,080 IN THE RISK ESTIMATE STILL WITH 3516 02:07:03,080 --> 02:07:04,040 SLIGHTLY HIGHER RISK FOR MALES 3517 02:07:04,040 --> 02:07:05,240 BUT TO US THIS SUGGEST THAD 3518 02:07:05,240 --> 02:07:07,800 WHILE WE DID SEE THIS INCREASING 3519 02:07:07,800 --> 02:07:09,280 RISK OF SEVERE DISEASE THAT THE 3520 02:07:09,280 --> 02:07:11,320 MODIFICATION BY THE INFLAMMATORY 3521 02:07:11,320 --> 02:07:13,760 LABS AND NOT BY OTHER VARIABLES, 3522 02:07:13,760 --> 02:07:16,040 SUGGESTED THERE MIGHT BE AN 3523 02:07:16,040 --> 02:07:17,320 IMMUNOLOGIC DRIVER IN THE DRIVER 3524 02:07:17,320 --> 02:07:18,600 OF THE OUTCOMES WE WERE 3525 02:07:18,600 --> 02:07:18,880 OBSERVING. 3526 02:07:18,880 --> 02:07:20,000 SO WHAT WERE THE OPEN QUESTIONS 3527 02:07:20,000 --> 02:07:24,360 WE WERE LEFT WITH IS THERE A 3528 02:07:24,360 --> 02:07:25,160 SUCCESSES SPECIFIC IMMUNE 3529 02:07:25,160 --> 02:07:27,400 PROFILE OR JUST A RESPONSE THAT 3530 02:07:27,400 --> 02:07:29,240 FEMALE VS LOWER RESPONSES THAT 3531 02:07:29,240 --> 02:07:32,160 ARE THE SAME AS MALES OR ARE 3532 02:07:32,160 --> 02:07:33,040 THEY QUALITATIVELY DIFFERENT. 3533 02:07:33,040 --> 02:07:34,240 AND WILL THEY PERFORM SIMILARLY 3534 02:07:34,240 --> 02:07:35,680 IN MALES AND FEMALE FIST THERE 3535 02:07:35,680 --> 02:07:37,280 IS A BASE LINE DIFFERENCE AND IN 3536 02:07:37,280 --> 02:07:38,880 LATTER QUESTION IS HIGHLIGHTED 3537 02:07:38,880 --> 02:07:42,320 IN PART IN JULY OF 2020 THE DATA 3538 02:07:42,320 --> 02:07:44,360 REGUARDING THE RECOVERY TRIAL 3539 02:07:44,360 --> 02:07:46,560 USE OF DEXAMETHA SEWN WITH A 3540 02:07:46,560 --> 02:07:47,840 BENEFIT FOR HOSPITALIZATION FOR 3541 02:07:47,840 --> 02:07:50,240 PATIENTS WAS PUBLISHED AND 3542 02:07:50,240 --> 02:07:51,200 CHANGED CLINICAL PRACTICE. 3543 02:07:51,200 --> 02:07:52,560 IN THE SUBGROUP ANALYSIS LOOKING 3544 02:07:52,560 --> 02:07:54,080 AT BENEFIT IN MALES VERSUS FETAL 3545 02:07:54,080 --> 02:07:55,720 COMPARTMENTINALLYS THERE WAS NOT 3546 02:07:55,720 --> 02:07:56,760 A SUBSTANTIAL BENEFIT OBSERVED 3547 02:07:56,760 --> 02:07:59,440 IN FEMALES ALTHOUGH THIS MAY BE 3548 02:07:59,440 --> 02:08:00,760 DUE TO HETEROGENERATED AITY OF 3549 02:08:00,760 --> 02:08:02,400 THAT GROUP, IT LEFT THE QUESTION 3550 02:08:02,400 --> 02:08:04,200 OF WHETHER THESE EQUALLY 3551 02:08:04,200 --> 02:08:05,200 EFFICACIOUS IN FEMALES AND 3552 02:08:05,200 --> 02:08:05,440 MALES. 3553 02:08:05,440 --> 02:08:06,040 SOPHISTICATEDY WE CHOOSE TO 3554 02:08:06,040 --> 02:08:08,360 ELECTRIC AT THIS USING A 3555 02:08:08,360 --> 02:08:10,680 TRANSCRIPT OHMIC AND PLASMA 3556 02:08:10,680 --> 02:08:11,880 CYTOKINE PROFILES APPROACH AND 3557 02:08:11,880 --> 02:08:14,560 WE HAVE 2 COHORTS AND 1 OF 95 3558 02:08:14,560 --> 02:08:15,800 PATIENTS SUBMITTED BETWEEN APRIL 3559 02:08:15,800 --> 02:08:17,360 AND JULY OF TWEBT 20. 3560 02:08:17,360 --> 02:08:19,760 AND THE SECOND, 64 PATIENTS 3561 02:08:19,760 --> 02:08:21,200 ADMITTED BETWEEN AUGUST IN 3562 02:08:21,200 --> 02:08:23,480 JANUARY OF 2021 AND SO ALL 3563 02:08:23,480 --> 02:08:25,360 PREVACCINATION, MEDIAN AGE WAS 3564 02:08:25,360 --> 02:08:28,200 SIMILAR BETWEEN THE 2 COHORTS. 3565 02:08:28,200 --> 02:08:29,760 THE SAMPLE TIME WAS BETWEEN 4 3566 02:08:29,760 --> 02:08:32,520 AND 3 DAYS AFTER THEIR TEST AND 3567 02:08:32,520 --> 02:08:34,480 AROUND THE TIME OF PEEK DISEASE. 3568 02:08:34,480 --> 02:08:36,480 WE DID EXCLUDE PEOPLE WITH 3569 02:08:36,480 --> 02:08:37,400 HEPATITIS C OR AUTOIMMUNE 3570 02:08:37,400 --> 02:08:39,640 DISEASE, TRY TO FOCUS ON THE 3571 02:08:39,640 --> 02:08:41,000 IMMUNE CHANGES THAT WERE 3572 02:08:41,000 --> 02:08:42,080 DIRECTLY RELATED TO COVID-19. 3573 02:08:42,080 --> 02:08:45,080 SO IN TERMS OF DIFIENTIAL GENE 3574 02:08:45,080 --> 02:08:45,920 EXPRESSION FEATURES SHARED BY 3575 02:08:45,920 --> 02:08:47,840 BOTH MALES AND FEMALES WE SAW A 3576 02:08:47,840 --> 02:08:49,600 CELL ARRA RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA 3577 02:08:49,600 --> 02:08:50,920 AND DECREASED OXYGEN WHICH IS 3578 02:08:50,920 --> 02:08:52,080 CONNIVITIENT WITH THE DEFINITION 3579 02:08:52,080 --> 02:08:53,360 OF SEVERE DISEASE IN THIS COHORT 3580 02:08:53,360 --> 02:08:55,120 AND A NICE VALIDATION WE WERE 3581 02:08:55,120 --> 02:08:56,520 LOOKING AT SEVERE DISEASE IN 3582 02:08:56,520 --> 02:08:58,800 THOSE PATIENTS THAT WE WERE 3583 02:08:58,800 --> 02:09:01,240 IDENTIFYING AS SUCH. 3584 02:09:01,240 --> 02:09:05,680 IN THE MALES, ONLY, WE SAW AN 3585 02:09:05,680 --> 02:09:07,560 INCREASE AND ENRICHMENT OF 3586 02:09:07,560 --> 02:09:08,640 NUTRIFILL DEGRANULATION AND 3587 02:09:08,640 --> 02:09:09,800 INFLAMMATION AND ACTIVATION OF 3588 02:09:09,800 --> 02:09:10,800 THE IMMUNE RESPONSE BUT THAT WAS 3589 02:09:10,800 --> 02:09:12,880 NOT OBSERVED IN THE FEMALE 3590 02:09:12,880 --> 02:09:14,440 COHORT WHEN COMPARING THOSE WITH 3591 02:09:14,440 --> 02:09:16,640 FEMALE DISEASE WITH TO THE 3592 02:09:16,640 --> 02:09:18,280 FEMALES WITH MILD DISEASE. 3593 02:09:18,280 --> 02:09:19,960 INSTEAD WE SAW UNFOLDED PATHWAYS 3594 02:09:19,960 --> 02:09:22,840 THAT WERE LINKED TO THE MHC 3595 02:09:22,840 --> 02:09:24,480 PRESENTATION AND MAY HAVE BEEN 3596 02:09:24,480 --> 02:09:26,680 RELATED TO MOUNTING A T-CELL 3597 02:09:26,680 --> 02:09:27,120 IMMUNE RESPONSE. 3598 02:09:27,120 --> 02:09:29,680 WHEN WE LOOK SPECIFICALLY IN THE 3599 02:09:29,680 --> 02:09:32,320 COHORT OF THOSE AFTER DEXAMETHA 3600 02:09:32,320 --> 02:09:33,840 ZONE TREATMENT WE SAW NO GENES 3601 02:09:33,840 --> 02:09:35,360 BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES AND NO 3602 02:09:35,360 --> 02:09:38,760 1 IN MALES ALONE, IN FEMALES WE 3603 02:09:38,760 --> 02:09:40,440 SAW GENE PATHWAYS, AND SEVERE 3604 02:09:40,440 --> 02:09:43,680 VERSUS MILD DISEASE BUT CLIERLY 3605 02:09:43,680 --> 02:09:45,920 THE DEXAMETHA SEWN BLUNTED THE 3606 02:09:45,920 --> 02:09:47,920 RESPONSES AND SHIFTED EVEN MORE 3607 02:09:47,920 --> 02:09:50,200 DRAMATICALLY IN MALES THAN IN 3608 02:09:50,200 --> 02:09:50,440 FEMALES. 3609 02:09:50,440 --> 02:09:54,000 >> ABOUT 1 MINUTE LEFT. 3610 02:09:54,000 --> 02:09:55,320 >> THANK YOU. 3611 02:09:55,320 --> 02:09:57,440 SO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENE 3612 02:09:57,440 --> 02:09:58,520 EXPRESSION AND PLASMA CYTOKINES 3613 02:09:58,520 --> 02:10:00,240 WAS OUR NEXT STEP AND HERE WE 3614 02:10:00,240 --> 02:10:02,120 LOOK AT GROUPS OF GENES THAT 3615 02:10:02,120 --> 02:10:03,760 WERE RELATED TO CYTOKINES AND 3616 02:10:03,760 --> 02:10:05,440 USING THE CLUSTERING DRIVEN BY 3617 02:10:05,440 --> 02:10:06,720 FEMALES AND COMPARING WITH MALES 3618 02:10:06,720 --> 02:10:09,760 AND I WILL SUMMARIZE THAT IN THE 3619 02:10:09,760 --> 02:10:13,000 COHORTS GENE CLUSTERS WITH SEX 3620 02:10:13,000 --> 02:10:14,840 DIFFERIENTIAL, WITH CYTOKINES IN 3621 02:10:14,840 --> 02:10:16,960 MALES AND TYPE 1 INTERFERON AND 3622 02:10:16,960 --> 02:10:17,800 VIRAL DEFENSE SIGNATURES IN 3623 02:10:17,800 --> 02:10:19,440 FEMALES SO WHAT WE CONCLUDE 3624 02:10:19,440 --> 02:10:22,640 FRIDAY THIS WAS THAT NUTRIFILL 3625 02:10:22,640 --> 02:10:23,400 ACTIVATION AND NUTRIFILL 3626 02:10:23,400 --> 02:10:24,480 ASSOCIATION HAS BEEN SOASHT WIDE 3627 02:10:24,480 --> 02:10:25,680 SEVERE DISEASE IN MANY OTHER 3628 02:10:25,680 --> 02:10:27,560 STUDIES AND IN FACT, SOME 3629 02:10:27,560 --> 02:10:29,200 STUDIES HAVE SPECIFICALLY SHOWN 3630 02:10:29,200 --> 02:10:32,000 PROFILES OF NUTRIFILL ACTIVATION 3631 02:10:32,000 --> 02:10:33,320 INTERFERON ACTIVATED VERSUS 3632 02:10:33,320 --> 02:10:34,560 IMMUNE SUPPRESSIVE ASSOCIATED 3633 02:10:34,560 --> 02:10:35,280 WITH DEC PROGRESSION. 3634 02:10:35,280 --> 02:10:37,760 HERE WE'RE SEEING DIFFERENCES 3635 02:10:37,760 --> 02:10:38,360 THAT MIGHT SUGGIEST THAT IS 3636 02:10:38,360 --> 02:10:40,200 RIGHT OF THIS IS MEDIATED BY SEX 3637 02:10:40,200 --> 02:10:41,400 AND THAT FEMALES VERSUS MAILS 3638 02:10:41,400 --> 02:10:43,080 MAY BE PART OF WHAT IS DRIVING 3639 02:10:43,080 --> 02:10:45,920 SOME OF THE DIFFERENTIAL 3640 02:10:45,920 --> 02:10:46,560 NUTRIFILL FUNCTION AND FINALLY 3641 02:10:46,560 --> 02:10:50,640 IN TERMS OF THEY RESPONSE TO 3642 02:10:50,640 --> 02:10:52,240 DEXAMETHA SEWN, IT DOES APPEAR 3643 02:10:52,240 --> 02:10:54,200 THAT THE CLUSTERING SHOWS SEX 3644 02:10:54,200 --> 02:10:55,200 SPECIFIC RESPONSES TO TREATMENT 3645 02:10:55,200 --> 02:10:58,200 AND SHOWN HERE IS JUST A 3646 02:10:58,200 --> 02:11:00,040 NUTRIFILL RATIO TO A CLINICAL 3647 02:11:00,040 --> 02:11:03,080 MARKER AND IN THE ORIGINAL 3648 02:11:03,080 --> 02:11:04,080 COHORT WITHOUT IMMUNO MODULATION 3649 02:11:04,080 --> 02:11:07,240 THIS WAS TIGHTLY CORRELATED 3650 02:11:07,240 --> 02:11:08,760 HOWEVER AFTER DEXAMETHA ZONE IT 3651 02:11:08,760 --> 02:11:10,240 WAS CORRELATED FOR MALES BUT 3652 02:11:10,240 --> 02:11:12,360 LOST THIS IN FEMALES AGAIN 3653 02:11:12,360 --> 02:11:14,400 SUGGESTING WE NEED TO CONSIDER 3654 02:11:14,400 --> 02:11:15,720 WHETHER THESE RESPONSES FOR 3655 02:11:15,720 --> 02:11:16,680 MODLATTORY TREATMENT ARE THE 3656 02:11:16,680 --> 02:11:16,960 SAME. 3657 02:11:16,960 --> 02:11:19,120 SO QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION, HOW 3658 02:11:19,120 --> 02:11:20,600 DO SEX DIFFERENCES IN ACUTE 3659 02:11:20,600 --> 02:11:24,680 RESPONSES LEAD TO PROTECTIVE 3660 02:11:24,680 --> 02:11:29,040 PHENOTYPES, HOW DO SEX 3661 02:11:29,040 --> 02:11:30,240 DIFFERENCES INTERSECT WITH 3662 02:11:30,240 --> 02:11:32,240 IMMUNO MODULATORY THERAPY AND I 3663 02:11:32,240 --> 02:11:36,120 THINK HARKENING BACK TO 3664 02:11:36,120 --> 02:11:37,160 DR. BAROUCH'S COMMENTS NEED TO 3665 02:11:37,160 --> 02:11:38,920 BE CONSIDERED CAREFULLY AND DO 3666 02:11:38,920 --> 02:11:42,040 EARLY RESPONSES HAVE AN IMPACT 3667 02:11:42,040 --> 02:11:43,760 ON SEQUEL I, I WILL STOP HERE 3668 02:11:43,760 --> 02:11:45,360 AND THANK ALL OF THE PEOPLE WHO 3669 02:11:45,360 --> 02:11:48,440 DID THE WORK IN MY LAB AT THE 3670 02:11:48,440 --> 02:11:49,200 JOHNS HOPKINS COLLABORATIVE 3671 02:11:49,200 --> 02:11:50,760 GROUP AND SPECIFICALLY THE STUDY 3672 02:11:50,760 --> 02:11:51,480 PARTIC PLAN TO ANALYZE BY AGES 3673 02:11:51,480 --> 02:12:02,040 WHO MADE THESE STUDIES POSSIBLE. 3674 02:12:11,280 --> 02:12:13,520 >> THANK YOU DR. SCULLY, FOR AN 3675 02:12:13,520 --> 02:12:13,880 EXCELLENT TALK. 3676 02:12:13,880 --> 02:12:16,960 THE LAST TALK IS DR. TSANG. 3677 02:12:16,960 --> 02:12:18,160 >> THANK YOU FOR ALL THE 3678 02:12:18,160 --> 02:12:20,160 SPEAKERS THAT CAME BEFORE ME, 3679 02:12:20,160 --> 02:12:22,600 THOSE WERE REALLY EXCELLENT AND 3680 02:12:22,600 --> 02:12:23,680 INFORMATIVE TALKS. 3681 02:12:23,680 --> 02:12:26,200 SO I WILL WALK YOU THROUGH A 3682 02:12:26,200 --> 02:12:30,760 STUDY WE HAD DONE IN 2020 IN 3683 02:12:30,760 --> 02:12:34,280 WHICH WE USE INFLUENZA 3684 02:12:34,280 --> 02:12:36,040 VACCINATION TO EXAMINE AFTER 3685 02:12:36,040 --> 02:12:38,280 INDIVIDUALS WHO RECOVER FROM 3686 02:12:38,280 --> 02:12:41,160 MILD COVID-19 WHAT HAPPENS 3687 02:12:41,160 --> 02:12:41,920 ESPECIALLY TO THEIR IMMUNE 3688 02:12:41,920 --> 02:12:42,160 SYSTEM. 3689 02:12:42,160 --> 02:12:44,320 SO I WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE BROADLY 3690 02:12:44,320 --> 02:12:44,560 MY LAB. 3691 02:12:44,560 --> 02:12:47,520 SO I HAVE A SYSTEMS IMMUNOLOGY 3692 02:12:47,520 --> 02:12:48,120 EXPERIMENTAL IN COMPUTATIONAL 3693 02:12:48,120 --> 02:12:49,520 FOLKS IN THE GROUP AS WELL AS 3694 02:12:49,520 --> 02:12:51,120 THE CENTER FOR HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY 3695 02:12:51,120 --> 02:12:53,800 WITH WHOM WE COLLABORATE ON THIS 3696 02:12:53,800 --> 02:12:54,040 STUDY. 3697 02:12:54,040 --> 02:12:59,000 AND SO THIS STUDY AS I 3698 02:12:59,000 --> 02:13:02,320 MENTIONED, IT WAS DURING 2020 3699 02:13:02,320 --> 02:13:04,360 FALL AND SPEARHEADED BY RACHEL 3700 02:13:04,360 --> 02:13:05,280 SPARKS ASSIST APT CLINICAL 3701 02:13:05,280 --> 02:13:09,760 INVESTIGATOR HERE AT NAIAD AND 3702 02:13:09,760 --> 02:13:12,280 THE COMPUTATIONAL WORK LED BY 3703 02:13:12,280 --> 02:13:14,880 WILLIAM LAU AND THE 3704 02:13:14,880 --> 02:13:19,520 COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS LED BY 3705 02:13:19,520 --> 02:13:20,160 CAM LOU. 3706 02:13:20,160 --> 02:13:21,680 SO THERE'S A LARGE NUMBER OF 3707 02:13:21,680 --> 02:13:22,880 COVID-19 CASES MOST OF WHICH 3708 02:13:22,880 --> 02:13:24,120 THEY RECOVER AND THESE 3709 02:13:24,120 --> 02:13:25,400 INDIVIDUALS NEVER HAVE GONE TO 3710 02:13:25,400 --> 02:13:28,520 THE HOSPITAL AND IT'S MOSTLY 3711 02:13:28,520 --> 02:13:32,360 MILD AND NONHOSPITALLIZED CASES 3712 02:13:32,360 --> 02:13:34,560 THAT WE HAVE WITH THESE REALLY 3713 02:13:34,560 --> 02:13:34,880 LARGE NUMBERS. 3714 02:13:34,880 --> 02:13:38,240 SO A KEY QUESTION IS HOW DOES 3715 02:13:38,240 --> 02:13:39,880 EVEN MILD COVID-19 IMPACT THE 3716 02:13:39,880 --> 02:13:42,240 IMMUNE SYSTEM AND POTENTIALLY 3717 02:13:42,240 --> 02:13:42,960 IMMUNE FUNCTIONS. 3718 02:13:42,960 --> 02:13:45,120 SO THERE ARE EXAMPLES ON HOW 3719 02:13:45,120 --> 02:13:46,880 INFECTIONS AND EVEN VACCINATIONS 3720 02:13:46,880 --> 02:13:52,240 THEY IMPACT FUTURE RESPONSES TO 3721 02:13:52,240 --> 02:13:53,520 NONHOMMOLOGIOUS CHALLENGES, FOR 3722 02:13:53,520 --> 02:13:55,120 EXAMPLE, IT'S--IT'S BEEN STUDIED 3723 02:13:55,120 --> 02:13:56,800 AND KNOWN THAT MEASLES 3724 02:13:56,800 --> 02:13:57,600 INFECTIONS FOR EXAMPLE, COULD 3725 02:13:57,600 --> 02:14:00,160 WIPE OUT MUCH OF THE B-CELL 3726 02:14:00,160 --> 02:14:01,600 MEMORY REPERTOIRE AND HINDERING 3727 02:14:01,600 --> 02:14:02,920 FUTURE RESPONSES TO OTHER 3728 02:14:02,920 --> 02:14:05,120 INFECTIONS, THIS IS ALSO BEEN 3729 02:14:05,120 --> 02:14:14,680 EXPLORED IN MOUSE MODELS THERE'S 3730 02:14:14,680 --> 02:14:16,640 ALSO AFTER VACCINATION, THE 3731 02:14:16,640 --> 02:14:18,840 STATUS OF CERTAIN INNATE IMMUNE 3732 02:14:18,840 --> 02:14:20,760 CELLS AND PROGENITORS IN THE 3733 02:14:20,760 --> 02:14:24,040 BONE MARROW MAY BE ALTERED WITH 3734 02:14:24,040 --> 02:14:24,640 REASONABLY LONG-TERM MOLECULAR 3735 02:14:24,640 --> 02:14:28,400 MEMORY AND THAT COULD 3736 02:14:28,400 --> 02:14:29,600 POTENTIALLY IMPACT FUTURE 3737 02:14:29,600 --> 02:14:29,880 RESPONSES. 3738 02:14:29,880 --> 02:14:32,800 SO, TO EXPLORE THIS ISSUE, WHAT 3739 02:14:32,800 --> 02:14:43,360 WE DID, IT'S BACK IN FALL 2020, 3740 02:14:43,680 --> 02:14:46,240 FLU VACCINATION SEIZE, SO RACHEL 3741 02:14:46,240 --> 02:14:47,920 AND LAU WERE SO THESE 3742 02:14:47,920 --> 02:14:49,560 INDIVIDUALS WHEN WERE THEY WERE 3743 02:14:49,560 --> 02:14:52,080 ENROLLED, THEY WERE HEGHTY NO 3744 02:14:52,080 --> 02:14:55,480 RESIDUAL SYMPTOMS OTHER THAN 3745 02:14:55,480 --> 02:14:56,200 SMELLING DEFECTS, ESPECIALLY 3746 02:14:56,200 --> 02:14:58,200 MORE IN FEMALES AND NONE OF 3747 02:14:58,200 --> 02:15:01,280 THESE FOLKS HAD ANY OTHER 3748 02:15:01,280 --> 02:15:02,480 CO-MORBIDITIES AND THERE'S NO 3749 02:15:02,480 --> 02:15:03,840 HISTORY OF OTHER INFECTIONS 3750 02:15:03,840 --> 02:15:06,000 WHETHER THEY HAD COVID-19 AND 3751 02:15:06,000 --> 02:15:08,560 THE FLU VACCINE AND AS YOU KNOW 3752 02:15:08,560 --> 02:15:10,040 THERE'S VIRTUALLY NO INFLUENZA 3753 02:15:10,040 --> 02:15:11,160 AND COMMON VIRUSES CIRCULING AT 3754 02:15:11,160 --> 02:15:14,400 THAT TIME. 3755 02:15:14,400 --> 02:15:16,000 SO, WE THEN ENROLLED THESE 3756 02:15:16,000 --> 02:15:17,880 INDIVIDUALS IN IN PARTICULAR 3757 02:15:17,880 --> 02:15:22,440 STUDY, ANALYSIS WE HAVE 33 OF 3758 02:15:22,440 --> 02:15:24,320 THESE VERSUS 40, AGE AND SEX 3759 02:15:24,320 --> 02:15:25,800 GENDER MATCH CONTROLS AND WE 3760 02:15:25,800 --> 02:15:28,320 GAVE THEM THE INFLUENZA VACCINE 3761 02:15:28,320 --> 02:15:29,640 AND FOLLOWED THEM THROUGH BOTH 3762 02:15:29,640 --> 02:15:31,680 THE ACUTE RESPONSE ON DAYS 1 AND 3763 02:15:31,680 --> 02:15:34,520 7 AND THEN FOLLOW THEM UP ON 14, 3764 02:15:34,520 --> 02:15:37,360 28 AND ALL THE WAY EVERY MONTH. 3765 02:15:37,360 --> 02:15:39,560 AND FROM THESE SAMPLES BOTH 3766 02:15:39,560 --> 02:15:42,600 PBMCs AND WHOLE BLOOD AS WELL 3767 02:15:42,600 --> 02:15:45,280 AS SERUM, WE GENERATED A VARIETY 3768 02:15:45,280 --> 02:15:49,800 OF DATA SETS, AND TO ANALYZE THE 3769 02:15:49,800 --> 02:15:50,080 RESPONSE. 3770 02:15:50,080 --> 02:15:53,800 AND SO WHY THE INFLUENZA AS A 3771 02:15:53,800 --> 02:15:54,040 VACCINE? 3772 02:15:54,040 --> 02:15:56,360 ONE AT THAT TIME IT'S INDICATED 3773 02:15:56,360 --> 02:15:57,160 AND CONVENIENT. 3774 02:15:57,160 --> 02:15:58,600 OF COURSE IT OFFS HEALTH 3775 02:15:58,600 --> 02:16:00,800 BENEFITS AND IT DOES GENERATE A 3776 02:16:00,800 --> 02:16:02,480 VERY SYSTEMIC RESPONSE THAT'S 3777 02:16:02,480 --> 02:16:03,640 DETECTABLE IN BLOOD SO WE AND 3778 02:16:03,640 --> 02:16:05,520 OTHERS HAVE LOOKED INTO THIS 3779 02:16:05,520 --> 02:16:08,160 OVER THE YEARS IN DETAIL FOR 3780 02:16:08,160 --> 02:16:09,800 EXAMPLE DISSECTING THE INNATE 3781 02:16:09,800 --> 02:16:11,320 RESPONSE ON DAY 1 AND SORT OF 3782 02:16:11,320 --> 02:16:14,760 THE MORE PRO DOMINANTLY BMT CELL 3783 02:16:14,760 --> 02:16:16,960 RESPONSES ON DAY 7 AND YOU CAN 3784 02:16:16,960 --> 02:16:18,720 ALSO CLEARLY DETECT ANTIJUDGED 3785 02:16:18,720 --> 02:16:20,760 SPECIFIC RESPONSES TO FLU, AND 3786 02:16:20,760 --> 02:16:22,800 THERE'S ALSO OF COURSE CAVEATS. 3787 02:16:22,800 --> 02:16:24,000 ONE IT'S PRIOR IMMUNITY AND 3788 02:16:24,000 --> 02:16:25,360 HISTORY COULD DRIVE THE 3789 02:16:25,360 --> 02:16:26,520 RESPONSE, SO THAT'S 1 OF THE 3790 02:16:26,520 --> 02:16:28,960 VARIABLES WE NEED TO TAKE INTO 3791 02:16:28,960 --> 02:16:29,240 ACCOUNT. 3792 02:16:29,240 --> 02:16:32,760 WE CONSIDERED IT USING MORE 3793 02:16:32,760 --> 02:16:34,240 NAIVE ANTIGENS LIKE YELLOW 3794 02:16:34,240 --> 02:16:35,840 FEVER, THOSE ARE REALLY 3795 02:16:35,840 --> 02:16:38,400 CHALLENGING IN THE SENSE THAT 3796 02:16:38,400 --> 02:16:39,640 THOSE ARE LIVE VALENTINEDERAL 3797 02:16:39,640 --> 02:16:40,880 VACCINES AND IT'S NOT CLEAR 3798 02:16:40,880 --> 02:16:43,080 WHETHER THEY PUT IN AN 3799 02:16:43,080 --> 02:16:44,720 EXACERBATE POTENTIAL IN SOME 3800 02:16:44,720 --> 02:16:45,520 THESE RECOVER PATIENTS, EVEN 3801 02:16:45,520 --> 02:16:46,960 THOUGH THEY LOOK HEALTHY ON THE 3802 02:16:46,960 --> 02:16:47,160 SURFACE. 3803 02:16:47,160 --> 02:16:50,320 SO 1 OF THE TECHNIQUES WE USED, 3804 02:16:50,320 --> 02:16:52,000 IT'S THE SINGLE CELL LANDSCAPE 3805 02:16:52,000 --> 02:16:54,880 IN THE RESPONSE, SO WE APPLY A 3806 02:16:54,880 --> 02:16:55,720 TECHNIQUE THAT WE'RE NOW USING 3807 02:16:55,720 --> 02:16:57,800 IN THE NUMBER OF HUMAN COHORT 3808 02:16:57,800 --> 02:16:59,840 STUDIES IN WHICH WE MEASURE BOTH 3809 02:16:59,840 --> 02:17:01,640 THE SURFACE PROTEINS IN THIS 3810 02:17:01,640 --> 02:17:04,080 CASE, CLOSE TO WHO HUNDRED 3811 02:17:04,080 --> 02:17:06,480 SURFACE PROTEINS, THE TRANSCRIPT 3812 02:17:06,480 --> 02:17:10,320 OHM, PLUS THE VDJ PLUS 3813 02:17:10,320 --> 02:17:11,560 ALTOGETHER IN SINGLE CELLS FROM 3814 02:17:11,560 --> 02:17:13,720 THESE INDIVIDUALS. 3815 02:17:13,720 --> 02:17:15,480 SO, 1 OF THE KEY ANALYSIS WE DID 3816 02:17:15,480 --> 02:17:18,760 WAS TO COMPARE THE RESPONSE 3817 02:17:18,760 --> 02:17:20,160 DIFFERENCES, BETWEEN THE NEVER 3818 02:17:20,160 --> 02:17:22,000 COVID HEALTHY, HEALTHY AND THEN 3819 02:17:22,000 --> 02:17:22,960 THE COVID RECOVER HEALTHY 3820 02:17:22,960 --> 02:17:26,600 INDIVIDUALS AND WE FOLLOW THEM 3821 02:17:26,600 --> 02:17:28,480 THROUGH DAYS 1-7, AND DAY 28. 3822 02:17:28,480 --> 02:17:30,880 ONE THING WE NOTICED EARLY ON IN 3823 02:17:30,880 --> 02:17:33,840 INNATE RESPONSE IS THAT THE 3824 02:17:33,840 --> 02:17:35,160 COVID RECOVERED MALES TEND TO 3825 02:17:35,160 --> 02:17:39,160 HAVE A SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED 3826 02:17:39,160 --> 02:17:39,680 LEVELS CIRCULATING 3827 02:17:39,680 --> 02:17:43,880 INTERFERON-GAMMA COMPARED TO THE 3828 02:17:43,880 --> 02:17:45,360 HEALTHY COUNTERPARTS COMPARED TO 3829 02:17:45,360 --> 02:17:47,240 FEMALE COUNTERPARTS AND THAT IN 3830 02:17:47,240 --> 02:17:50,320 TURN LED TO A VERY PROMINENT 3831 02:17:50,320 --> 02:17:51,200 INTERFERON SIGNATURE ACROSS MOST 3832 02:17:51,200 --> 02:17:56,080 OF THE MAJOR IMMUNE CELL TYPES 3833 02:17:56,080 --> 02:18:04,400 SO THIS A SINGLE GROUP SO AS YOU 3834 02:18:04,400 --> 02:18:07,120 CAN SEE--ANDY SPONDY LIGHTISS 3835 02:18:07,120 --> 02:18:07,920 NERMALS OF TRANSCRIPTION 3836 02:18:07,920 --> 02:18:09,400 RESPONSE, AND LIKELY IMAGES OF 3837 02:18:09,400 --> 02:18:11,560 THIS ELEVATION OF THE GAMMA 3838 02:18:11,560 --> 02:18:21,920 LEVELS AND CIRCULATION 3839 02:18:31,000 --> 02:18:31,560 SYSTEMICALLY. 3840 02:18:31,560 --> 02:18:32,720 TD SPECIFIC PLASMA RESPONSES SO 3841 02:18:32,720 --> 02:18:35,720 THESE ARE THE CELLS THAT MAKE 3842 02:18:35,720 --> 02:18:38,600 THE ANTIBODY AND IN TURN AND 3843 02:18:38,600 --> 02:18:41,280 LOOK AT THE RESPONDS AND THERE'S 3844 02:18:41,280 --> 02:18:42,840 NOTHING CHANGED IN THE FEMALE, 3845 02:18:42,840 --> 02:18:45,160 THAT'S GOOD NEWS IN A WAY THAT 3846 02:18:45,160 --> 02:18:46,160 THE COVID RECOVERED INDIVIDUALS 3847 02:18:46,160 --> 02:18:47,760 HAD NORMAL TYPE OF RESPONSES, 3848 02:18:47,760 --> 02:18:51,000 BUT AGAIN, THE RESPONSE IS A 3849 02:18:51,000 --> 02:18:51,880 HEIGHTENED AND INCREASE ACROSS 3850 02:18:51,880 --> 02:18:54,920 THE STRAINS IN THE VACCINE, IN 3851 02:18:54,920 --> 02:18:55,880 THE MALES. 3852 02:18:55,880 --> 02:18:58,440 IN TERMS OF THE FLOW CHANGE. 3853 02:18:58,440 --> 02:19:00,560 THIS IS INDEPENDENT OF THE 3854 02:19:00,560 --> 02:19:01,200 PREEXISTING ANTIPLURIBU TITERS 3855 02:19:01,200 --> 02:19:04,200 AT DAILY BASIS I 0, AND ALSO THE 3856 02:19:04,200 --> 02:19:05,200 SELF-REPORTED VACCINATION 3857 02:19:05,200 --> 02:19:05,440 HISTORY. 3858 02:19:05,440 --> 02:19:07,320 NOW, WHEN WE LOOK INTO THE 3859 02:19:07,320 --> 02:19:09,120 COHORT AS A WHOLE, THERE'S A 3860 02:19:09,120 --> 02:19:10,840 STRONG CORRELATION, BETWEEN THE 3861 02:19:10,840 --> 02:19:13,040 EARLY INTERFERON RESPONSE, AND 3862 02:19:13,040 --> 02:19:15,240 THE PLASMA RESPONSE BY DAY 7. 3863 02:19:15,240 --> 02:19:17,080 SUGGESTING THAT THAT STRONGER 3864 02:19:17,080 --> 02:19:21,200 INNATE RESPONSE BY DAY 1 I WAS A 3865 02:19:21,200 --> 02:19:23,280 DRIVER OF THE STRONGER RESPONSE 3866 02:19:23,280 --> 02:19:26,280 IN THESE INDIVIDUALS, THE COVID 3867 02:19:26,280 --> 02:19:26,680 RECOVERY MALES. 3868 02:19:26,680 --> 02:19:27,720 SO THEN WE ASK WHAT ARE THE 3869 02:19:27,720 --> 02:19:29,600 CELLS THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE 3870 02:19:29,600 --> 02:19:32,400 FOR THE ELEVATED CIRCULATING 3871 02:19:32,400 --> 02:19:33,280 INTERFERON-GAMMA RECOVERED 3872 02:19:33,280 --> 02:19:34,320 MALES, SO 1 OF THE FIRST THINGS 3873 02:19:34,320 --> 02:19:39,960 WE DID IS TO SCAN, SO WE HAVE 3874 02:19:39,960 --> 02:19:41,600 MEASUREMENTS OF THE 180 OR SO 3875 02:19:41,600 --> 02:19:43,320 SURFACE MARKERS ACROSS THE 3876 02:19:43,320 --> 02:19:44,840 DEFINITE CELL POPULATIONS, SO WE 3877 02:19:44,840 --> 02:19:46,640 WANT TO FIND A SET OF SURFACE 3878 02:19:46,640 --> 02:19:48,400 MARKERS THAT COULD MARK 3879 02:19:48,400 --> 02:19:50,640 POTENTIALLY CELLS, THAT MAY BE 3880 02:19:50,640 --> 02:19:51,440 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN 3881 02:19:51,440 --> 02:19:52,400 THE COVID RECOVERY MALES AND THE 3882 02:19:52,400 --> 02:19:55,200 REST OF THE GROUPS AND THE TOP 3883 02:19:55,200 --> 02:19:58,640 MARKERB THAT EMERGES WAS VERY 3884 02:19:58,640 --> 02:19:59,960 INTRIGUING IT'S GPR 56 3885 02:19:59,960 --> 02:20:01,520 EXPRESSION ON CD8 EFFECTOR 3886 02:20:01,520 --> 02:20:03,880 MEMORY T-CELLS AT BASE LINE 3887 02:20:03,880 --> 02:20:04,320 BEFORE VACCINATION. 3888 02:20:04,320 --> 02:20:06,880 THIS MARKER IS THE MOST 3889 02:20:06,880 --> 02:20:08,560 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT ACROSS 3890 02:20:08,560 --> 02:20:09,680 THESE 4 GROUPS. 3891 02:20:09,680 --> 02:20:10,960 THIS MARKER IS INTRIGUING 3892 02:20:10,960 --> 02:20:12,280 BECAUSE IT'S KNOWN THAT THESE 3893 02:20:12,280 --> 02:20:15,440 CELLS WHEN YOU STIMULATE A 56 3894 02:20:15,440 --> 02:20:18,640 POSITIVE CELLS INVITRO BY 3895 02:20:18,640 --> 02:20:19,920 KD--SALLY WHRA, THESE ARE THE 3896 02:20:19,920 --> 02:20:22,720 CELLS THAT MAKE MORE GAMMA IN 3897 02:20:22,720 --> 02:20:24,840 THESE INVITRO ASSAYS, WE ALSO 3898 02:20:24,840 --> 02:20:25,440 ASSESS USING INDEPENDENT 3899 02:20:25,440 --> 02:20:27,760 SIGNATURE THAT'S ASSOCIATED WITH 3900 02:20:27,760 --> 02:20:29,960 CD29 AND BASICALLY SAW THESE 56 3901 02:20:29,960 --> 02:20:31,200 POSITIVE CELLS ARE HIGHLY 3902 02:20:31,200 --> 02:20:32,360 ENRICHED FOR THOSE CELLS AS 3903 02:20:32,360 --> 02:20:34,720 WELL, SO THEN WE THOUGHT THAT 3904 02:20:34,720 --> 02:20:36,120 BECAUSE IT RESPONSE SO QUICKLY 3905 02:20:36,120 --> 02:20:39,400 ON DAY 1 IT'S UNLIKELY AN 3906 02:20:39,400 --> 02:20:40,720 ANTIGEN SPECIFIC RESPONSE. 3907 02:20:40,720 --> 02:20:42,400 WE THOUGHT THESE MAY ACTUALLY 3908 02:20:42,400 --> 02:20:44,600 BEEN CELLS THAT WERE ACTIVATED 3909 02:20:44,600 --> 02:20:45,920 DURING ACUTE COVID-19 SO WE THEN 3910 02:20:45,920 --> 02:20:48,000 LOOK INTO A BI STANDARD 3911 02:20:48,000 --> 02:20:49,800 ACTIVATION T-CELL SIGNATURE AND 3912 02:20:49,800 --> 02:20:51,400 ALSO FOUND ENRICHMENT, IN THAT 3913 02:20:51,400 --> 02:20:52,920 THESE 56 POSITIVE CELLS, THEY 3914 02:20:52,920 --> 02:20:54,640 TEND TO BE ENRICHED FOR THESE 3915 02:20:54,640 --> 02:20:57,800 CELLS EXPRESSING A BI STANDER 3916 02:20:57,800 --> 02:20:59,520 ACTIVATION TIME. 3917 02:20:59,520 --> 02:21:00,040 >> TWO MINUTES LEFT. 3918 02:21:00,040 --> 02:21:02,240 >> THEN WE THOUGHT THAT MAYBE 3919 02:21:02,240 --> 02:21:04,760 THESE CELLS ARE ELEVATED IN 3920 02:21:04,760 --> 02:21:05,840 COVID RECOVERED MALES AND INDEED 3921 02:21:05,840 --> 02:21:08,960 WE LOOK AT THE FREQUENCY OF 56 3922 02:21:08,960 --> 02:21:11,760 POSITIVE DEFECTIVE MEMORY CD8S, 3923 02:21:11,760 --> 02:21:13,160 THEIR FREQUENCY IS SIGNIFICANTLY 3924 02:21:13,160 --> 02:21:15,000 ELEVATED AND THEN WE ASK DO 3925 02:21:15,000 --> 02:21:16,320 THESE CELLS MAKE MORE GAMMA. 3926 02:21:16,320 --> 02:21:18,320 SO IF YOU LOOK AT DAY 1 VERSUS 3927 02:21:18,320 --> 02:21:21,120 DAY 0, CAN YOU SEE THAT THE 3928 02:21:21,120 --> 02:21:21,880 LEVEL OF INTERFERON-GAMMA 3929 02:21:21,880 --> 02:21:23,400 TRANSCRIPTS IN THIS CASE, 3930 02:21:23,400 --> 02:21:25,160 INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY IN THESE 3931 02:21:25,160 --> 02:21:25,920 CELLS AFTER VACCINATION, 3932 02:21:25,920 --> 02:21:27,480 SPECIFICALLY IN THE COVID 3933 02:21:27,480 --> 02:21:31,120 RECOVERY MALES BUT NOT IN OTHER 3934 02:21:31,120 --> 02:21:31,360 GROUPS. 3935 02:21:31,360 --> 02:21:33,240 SO THIS BROUGHT US TO THIS 3936 02:21:33,240 --> 02:21:34,760 HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THIS GROUP OF 3937 02:21:34,760 --> 02:21:36,800 SALES CALLED INNATE LIKE MEMORY 3938 02:21:36,800 --> 02:21:38,560 CD8 T-CELLS SO THIS IS EMERGING 3939 02:21:38,560 --> 02:21:40,760 SET OF CELLS THAT WE'RE STILL BY 3940 02:21:40,760 --> 02:21:44,640 WE, I MEAN THE FIELD IS TRYING 3941 02:21:44,640 --> 02:21:46,320 TO UNDERSTAND BOTH THEIR ORIGIN 3942 02:21:46,320 --> 02:21:47,960 AND FUNCTIONS, SO THE CURRENT 3943 02:21:47,960 --> 02:21:49,560 THINKING IS THAT THEY EMERGE OUT 3944 02:21:49,560 --> 02:21:53,960 OF THE THYMUS AND THEY CAN BE 3945 02:21:53,960 --> 02:21:56,400 EXTENDED BY INFLAMMATORY 3946 02:21:56,400 --> 02:21:57,920 CYTOKINE ALONE LIKE IL15 IN THE 3947 02:21:57,920 --> 02:21:59,360 PERIPHERY AND AS THAT HAPPENS 3948 02:21:59,360 --> 02:22:03,200 OVER TIME, THEY BECOME MORE 3949 02:22:03,200 --> 02:22:05,840 TAMPER LIKE AND THEY CD122 FOR 3950 02:22:05,840 --> 02:22:08,640 EXAMPLE WOULD GO UP AND CD5 3951 02:22:08,640 --> 02:22:09,680 WOULD GO DOWN AND THESE ARE 3952 02:22:09,680 --> 02:22:12,920 KNOWN TO BE ACTIVATABLE AND CAN 3953 02:22:12,920 --> 02:22:15,800 RESPOND ACTIVELY TO CYTOKINE 3954 02:22:15,800 --> 02:22:17,320 ALONE SO BEHAVING LIKE INNATE 3955 02:22:17,320 --> 02:22:17,520 CELLS. 3956 02:22:17,520 --> 02:22:19,440 SO THEN WE LOOK AT THE KNOWN 3957 02:22:19,440 --> 02:22:20,760 MARKERS MARKING THESE INNATE 3958 02:22:20,760 --> 02:22:23,560 MEMORY CELLS AND INDEED WE SEE A 3959 02:22:23,560 --> 02:22:24,720 VERY STRONG CONCORDANCE, CAN YOU 3960 02:22:24,720 --> 02:22:27,240 SEE THAT THE 56 POSITIVE CELLS 3961 02:22:27,240 --> 02:22:30,360 CD55 LOWER AND THEY ARE EXPRESS 3962 02:22:30,360 --> 02:22:32,160 CD5 RA, AND THEY HAVE HIGHER 3963 02:22:32,160 --> 02:22:35,120 LEVELS OF 122 FOR EXAMPLE, SO 3964 02:22:35,120 --> 02:22:36,440 OUR CURRENT HYPOTHESIS IS THAT 3965 02:22:36,440 --> 02:22:38,680 THESE CELLS WERE LIKELY TRAINED 3966 02:22:38,680 --> 02:22:40,200 BY IL29 DURING ACUTE COVID-19 3967 02:22:40,200 --> 02:22:42,960 AND WE AND OTHERS HAVE SEEN VERY 3968 02:22:42,960 --> 02:22:45,080 STRONG ELEVATIONS IN IL15 FOR 3969 02:22:45,080 --> 02:22:47,360 EXAMPLE, DURING ACUTE COVID. 3970 02:22:47,360 --> 02:22:48,200 >> TIME TO WRAP UP. 3971 02:22:48,200 --> 02:22:56,760 >> JUST TO WRAP UP, DAY 7 AND 3972 02:22:56,760 --> 02:22:57,960 DAY 28 RESPONSES IN COVID 3973 02:22:57,960 --> 02:23:00,280 RECOVERED MALES AND I SHOWED THE 3974 02:23:00,280 --> 02:23:01,440 ELEVATED INTERFERON RESPONSE AND 3975 02:23:01,440 --> 02:23:03,720 THAT LIKELY CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO 3976 02:23:03,720 --> 02:23:05,920 THE CD8 INNATE LIKE MEMORY CELLS 3977 02:23:05,920 --> 02:23:08,320 BEING ELEVATED AT THE BASE LINE 3978 02:23:08,320 --> 02:23:09,440 IN THESE INDIVIDUALS AND BY THE 3979 02:23:09,440 --> 02:23:11,040 WAY, I DON'T HAVE THE TIME TO 3980 02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:13,120 WALK YOU THROUGH MORE DATA, BUT 3981 02:23:13,120 --> 02:23:15,520 YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE THAT AFTER 3982 02:23:15,520 --> 02:23:19,080 6 MONTHS ON AVERAGE, THESE ARE 3983 02:23:19,080 --> 02:23:20,200 ALL AFTER MYELOID ACUTE DISEASE, 3984 02:23:20,200 --> 02:23:21,480 THERE'S A NUMBER OF OTHER 3985 02:23:21,480 --> 02:23:23,880 VARIABLES THAT ARE STABLE AND 3986 02:23:23,880 --> 02:23:26,560 ESTABLISHED IN THESE 3987 02:23:26,560 --> 02:23:27,360 INDIVIDUALS. 3988 02:23:27,360 --> 02:23:29,320 SO AS DR. SCULLY, SHOWED YOU, 3989 02:23:29,320 --> 02:23:32,720 MALES HAVE A MORE INFLAMMATORY 3990 02:23:32,720 --> 02:23:36,520 RESPONSE DURING THESE SO THIS 3991 02:23:36,520 --> 02:23:38,720 CONSISTENT WITH THE IL15 3992 02:23:38,720 --> 02:23:40,880 HYPOTHESIS AND HOW THEY MAY 3993 02:23:40,880 --> 02:23:42,640 EXPAND THE INNATE CD8 CELLS AND 3994 02:23:42,640 --> 02:23:43,960 WHEN THEY'RE CHALLENGED BY THE 3995 02:23:43,960 --> 02:23:45,880 FLU VACCINE FOR EXAMPLE, IL12 IS 3996 02:23:45,880 --> 02:23:47,640 BEING MADE AND THESE--THESE 3997 02:23:47,640 --> 02:23:50,080 CELLS ARE LIKELY RESPONDING TO 3998 02:23:50,080 --> 02:23:51,280 THOSE KINDS OF INFLAMMATORY SEAT 3999 02:23:51,280 --> 02:23:51,680 O KINES. 4000 02:23:51,680 --> 02:23:54,520 AND IN TERMS OF LOOKING FORWARD, 4001 02:23:54,520 --> 02:23:55,600 1 IMPORTANT--I THINK OBVIOUS 4002 02:23:55,600 --> 02:23:57,720 REQUESTY IS HOW THIS RESPONDS 4003 02:23:57,720 --> 02:24:01,200 ALLOW US TO READ OUT POTENTIAL 4004 02:24:01,200 --> 02:24:03,160 MARKERS AND PREDICTERS OF LONG 4005 02:24:03,160 --> 02:24:04,560 COVID. 4006 02:24:04,560 --> 02:24:05,880 AND ALSO THERE'S PROVIDE 4007 02:24:05,880 --> 02:24:08,200 INFORMATION ON FUTURE SEX 4008 02:24:08,200 --> 02:24:08,800 SPECIFIC TRAJECTORIES, RIGHT? 4009 02:24:08,800 --> 02:24:09,920 WHAT ARE THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT 4010 02:24:09,920 --> 02:24:13,000 OF OTHER DISEASES SUCH AS 4011 02:24:13,000 --> 02:24:14,480 AUTOREACTIVITY OR 4012 02:24:14,480 --> 02:24:15,200 AUTOIMFLAMMATORY SYNDROMES AND 4013 02:24:15,200 --> 02:24:17,240 HOW LONG DO THESE IMPRINTS LAST 4014 02:24:17,240 --> 02:24:19,120 AND CAN THEY BE RESET AND 4015 02:24:19,120 --> 02:24:20,480 MODULATED TO IMPROVE FUTURE 4016 02:24:20,480 --> 02:24:22,440 OUTCOMES SO WE HAVE DAT ON THAT 4017 02:24:22,440 --> 02:24:24,080 AND WE WILL BE HAPPY TO DISCUSS 4018 02:24:24,080 --> 02:24:28,720 AS WELL. 4019 02:24:28,720 --> 02:24:30,720 THANK YOU. 4020 02:24:30,720 --> 02:24:34,360 >> WOW, GREAT, THANK YOU 4021 02:24:34,360 --> 02:24:36,280 DR. TSANG, PARTICULARLY ON 4022 02:24:36,280 --> 02:24:42,240 POSSIBILITIES FOR LONG COVID 4023 02:24:42,240 --> 02:24:42,720 MODULATION. 4024 02:24:42,720 --> 02:24:44,760 >> MAY I JUST SAY SOMETHING 4025 02:24:44,760 --> 02:24:46,960 BECAUSE WE ARE REALLY SHORT IN 4026 02:24:46,960 --> 02:24:49,240 TIME, I WOULD SUGGEST THAT WE 4027 02:24:49,240 --> 02:24:50,640 CAN EXTEND THIS DISCUSSION 4028 02:24:50,640 --> 02:24:53,600 SESSION TILL LET'S SAY 1:35 4029 02:24:53,600 --> 02:24:55,080 BEFORE OUR MALE BREAK AND THEN I 4030 02:24:55,080 --> 02:24:57,960 JUST WANT TO SAY THAT THERE ARE 4031 02:24:57,960 --> 02:25:00,520 A LOT OF QUESTIONYS ALREADY IN 4032 02:25:00,520 --> 02:25:03,760 Q&A AND SOME OF THEM ARE 4033 02:25:03,760 --> 02:25:06,760 ANSWERED WHILE FORTHE 1S THAT 4034 02:25:06,760 --> 02:25:08,160 ARE NOT--WILL NOT BE ABLE TO 4035 02:25:08,160 --> 02:25:09,480 ADDRESS LIVE, THE SPEAKERS WILL 4036 02:25:09,480 --> 02:25:11,480 TRY TO VIA TEXT IN THE TOOL, SO 4037 02:25:11,480 --> 02:25:15,640 PLEASE USE IT, THANK YOU. 4038 02:25:15,640 --> 02:25:18,600 >> OKAY, SO, WE'RE GOING TO 4039 02:25:18,600 --> 02:25:18,800 1:35. 4040 02:25:18,800 --> 02:25:24,880 I GUESS THE OTHER THING I WOULD 4041 02:25:24,880 --> 02:25:26,560 ALSO EMPHASIZE TO ALL THE 4042 02:25:26,560 --> 02:25:27,960 PARTICIPANTS SINCE WE'RE SHORT 4043 02:25:27,960 --> 02:25:29,120 ON DISCUSSION, PLEASE TAKE 4044 02:25:29,120 --> 02:25:30,680 ADVANTAGE OF THE BREAK OUT 4045 02:25:30,680 --> 02:25:34,720 SESSIONS TOMORROW TO FOLLOW UP 4046 02:25:34,720 --> 02:25:35,280 ON QUESTIONS. 4047 02:25:35,280 --> 02:25:36,480 REGARDING THESE ISSUES AND 4048 02:25:36,480 --> 02:25:46,920 REGARDING THE TALKS TODAY. 4049 02:25:48,080 --> 02:25:52,120 SO IN TERMS OF QUESTIONS? 4050 02:25:52,120 --> 02:25:53,880 I GUESS IF OTHER SPEAKERS WANT 4051 02:25:53,880 --> 02:25:55,320 TO JUST CHIME IN WITH QUESTIONS 4052 02:25:55,320 --> 02:25:59,160 THAT WERE BROUGHT UP ON THE 4053 02:25:59,160 --> 02:25:59,440 CHAT? 4054 02:25:59,440 --> 02:26:02,640 >> MARK YOU CAN LOOK AT THE Q&A, 4055 02:26:02,640 --> 02:26:06,440 LOOK IN THE Q&A FOLDER THERE. 4056 02:26:06,440 --> 02:26:07,200 >> YEAH, OKAY. 4057 02:26:07,200 --> 02:26:09,920 >> SO, OKAY, I GUESS 1 OF THE 4058 02:26:09,920 --> 02:26:12,200 FIRST QUESTIONS IS WE KNOW THE 4059 02:26:12,200 --> 02:26:15,480 IMPACT ON SEX AND STEM CELLS AND 4060 02:26:15,480 --> 02:26:25,920 PROGENITOR CELLS WITH THE 4061 02:26:26,360 --> 02:26:29,200 TREATMENT OF COVID? 4062 02:26:29,200 --> 02:26:30,920 DR. BAROUCH, CAN YOU ADDRESS 4063 02:26:30,920 --> 02:26:31,120 THAT? 4064 02:26:31,120 --> 02:26:32,320 >> I BELIEVE THE QUESTION IS DO 4065 02:26:32,320 --> 02:26:33,600 WE UNDERSTAND SEX DIFFERENCES 4066 02:26:33,600 --> 02:26:35,320 WITH RESPECT TO STEM CELLS AND 4067 02:26:35,320 --> 02:26:36,920 PROGENITOR CELLS AND THE 4068 02:26:36,920 --> 02:26:39,600 TREATMENT OF COVID OR 4069 02:26:39,600 --> 02:26:39,920 SARS-COV-2? 4070 02:26:39,920 --> 02:26:42,200 HAD I'M NOT AWARE OF ANY DATA ON 4071 02:26:42,200 --> 02:26:46,160 THAT SO I APOLOGIZE I DON'T KNOW 4072 02:26:46,160 --> 02:26:51,360 OF ANY DATA ON SEX DIFFERENCES 4073 02:26:51,360 --> 02:26:59,560 FOR THAT TREATMENT. 4074 02:26:59,560 --> 02:26:59,840 >> OKAY. 4075 02:26:59,840 --> 02:27:02,640 SO I THINK THIS QUESTION ABOUT 4076 02:27:02,640 --> 02:27:05,080 HOW DIFFERENT ARE THE RESPONSES 4077 02:27:05,080 --> 02:27:07,400 IN MICE IN COMPARISON TO HUMANS, 4078 02:27:07,400 --> 02:27:11,280 OR THE MOUSE ADAPTABLE STRAIN, 4079 02:27:11,280 --> 02:27:13,120 HOW IMPORTANT IS THAT, HOW 4080 02:27:13,120 --> 02:27:16,480 ELVANT IS THAT, CAN DR. PERLMAN 4081 02:27:16,480 --> 02:27:16,840 ADDRESS THAT. 4082 02:27:16,840 --> 02:27:19,120 >> YES, SO THIS IS ALWAYS A 4083 02:27:19,120 --> 02:27:21,440 QUESTION WHEN WE DEVELOP MOUSE 4084 02:27:21,440 --> 02:27:22,720 ADAPTIVE DEVICES AND IN MICE, 4085 02:27:22,720 --> 02:27:24,960 WE'RE ASKING THE QUESTION, IS 4086 02:27:24,960 --> 02:27:25,880 THIS MIMICKING WHAT'S HAPPENING 4087 02:27:25,880 --> 02:27:26,240 IN PEOPLE. 4088 02:27:26,240 --> 02:27:28,440 SO WHAT WE CAN SAY IS THAT AT 4089 02:27:28,440 --> 02:27:29,800 LEAST IT SEEMS LIKE WE HAVE 4090 02:27:29,800 --> 02:27:33,040 SYSTEMS WHERE WE'RE SEEING SEX 4091 02:27:33,040 --> 02:27:33,440 DIFFERENCES. 4092 02:27:33,440 --> 02:27:35,200 WE'RE ALSO SEEING SYSTEMS WHERE 4093 02:27:35,200 --> 02:27:37,240 WE'RE SEEING HINTS OF LONG 4094 02:27:37,240 --> 02:27:38,920 COVID, BUT AS I MENTIONED IN MY 4095 02:27:38,920 --> 02:27:42,040 TALK, IT'S SO HARD TO REALLY SEE 4096 02:27:42,040 --> 02:27:43,080 CLINICAL LONG COVID IN MICE. 4097 02:27:43,080 --> 02:27:45,080 SO THIS IS DEFINITELY A 4098 02:27:45,080 --> 02:27:45,360 CHALLENGE. 4099 02:27:45,360 --> 02:27:47,480 WE END UP DOING MOSTLY TESTING 4100 02:27:47,480 --> 02:27:49,280 ON THE ANIMALS, BUT ON THE OTHER 4101 02:27:49,280 --> 02:27:52,280 HAND 1 HAS TO DO THE BEST 1 CAN 4102 02:27:52,280 --> 02:27:56,360 WITH THESE RESOURCES AND THERE'S 4103 02:27:56,360 --> 02:27:57,400 CLEARLY THINGS EXPERIMENTAL 4104 02:27:57,400 --> 02:28:00,000 ANIMALS WE CAN DO THAT WE CAN DO 4105 02:28:00,000 --> 02:28:01,600 IN ANIMALS THAT WE CAN'T DO IN 4106 02:28:01,600 --> 02:28:02,000 PEOPLE. 4107 02:28:02,000 --> 02:28:03,760 SO WE HAVE TO GET BETTER MODELS 4108 02:28:03,760 --> 02:28:05,360 AND DO THE BEST WE CAN. 4109 02:28:05,360 --> 02:28:09,800 >> SO A QUESTION, IN YOUR 4110 02:28:09,800 --> 02:28:10,640 STUDIES WHERE YOU'RE GETTING 4111 02:28:10,640 --> 02:28:14,960 SARS AND YOU'RE LOOKING AT HOW 4112 02:28:14,960 --> 02:28:16,600 QUICKLY THE ANIMALS DIE, CAN YOU 4113 02:28:16,600 --> 02:28:19,840 ADAPT THAT TO LONG-TERM COVID BY 4114 02:28:19,840 --> 02:28:21,720 GIVING SAY, REDUCED LEVELS OF 4115 02:28:21,720 --> 02:28:24,240 SARS AND LOOKING AT SAY 4116 02:28:24,240 --> 02:28:27,760 COGNITIVE TESTS IN THESE MICE, 4117 02:28:27,760 --> 02:28:28,800 THE INFLUENCE, OF 4118 02:28:28,800 --> 02:28:32,440 [INDISCERNIBLE] OR I THINK 1 OF 4119 02:28:32,440 --> 02:28:35,840 THE PARTICIPANTS BROUGHT UP IN 4120 02:28:35,840 --> 02:28:38,200 TEMPERATURES OF ORGAN ECTOMY, 4121 02:28:38,200 --> 02:28:39,400 CAN THOSE EFFECTS, WE USE THESE 4122 02:28:39,400 --> 02:28:41,920 MICE IN TERMS OF THE LONG-TERM 4123 02:28:41,920 --> 02:28:44,240 EFFECTS OR, I GUESS THE OTHER 4124 02:28:44,240 --> 02:28:49,560 THING THAT STRIKES ME ARE THE IN 4125 02:28:49,560 --> 02:28:52,360 TERMS OF EEVENGHT TODAY, CERTAIN 4126 02:28:52,360 --> 02:28:53,760 PATIENTS THEN, RESPOND 4127 02:28:53,760 --> 02:28:55,680 DIFFERENTLY NERMALS TO SECOND 4128 02:28:55,680 --> 02:28:58,000 HITS AND MAYBE WHETHER COGNITIVE 4129 02:28:58,000 --> 02:28:59,160 FUNCTION OR CARDIO VASCULARY 4130 02:28:59,160 --> 02:29:00,960 FUNCTION BE COULD NOT BE 4131 02:29:00,960 --> 02:29:02,920 RELEVANT IN YOUR MOUSE MOLDLES. 4132 02:29:02,920 --> 02:29:04,640 >> NO CSR YEAH, THAT'S SOMETHING 4133 02:29:04,640 --> 02:29:06,200 WE'RE NOT INTERESTED IN, THIS IS 4134 02:29:06,200 --> 02:29:07,600 DIFFERENT FROM SARS AND MERS, 4135 02:29:07,600 --> 02:29:09,080 BECAUSE THEY ONLY DO MOUSE 4136 02:29:09,080 --> 02:29:10,400 STUDIES BECAUSE THEY WEREN'T 4137 02:29:10,400 --> 02:29:13,120 HUMANS TO THINK ABOUT SARS, 4138 02:29:13,120 --> 02:29:15,280 DISAPPEAR INDEED 2004, MERS IS 4139 02:29:15,280 --> 02:29:17,120 2500 CASES SINCE TWEBT 12. 4140 02:29:17,120 --> 02:29:19,240 SO SO MANY THINGS ARE DONE IN 4141 02:29:19,240 --> 02:29:21,680 HUMANS THAT IN MOUSE, THE 4142 02:29:21,680 --> 02:29:23,280 DEVELOPMENT THAT MOUSE MODELS 4143 02:29:23,280 --> 02:29:24,360 HAS LAGGED MORE THAN 1 MIGHT 4144 02:29:24,360 --> 02:29:26,360 THINK IN THE NUMBER OF MOUSE 4145 02:29:26,360 --> 02:29:27,760 STUDIES, BUT I THINK THIS WILL 4146 02:29:27,760 --> 02:29:29,720 CHANGE AND IN TERMS OF YOUR 4147 02:29:29,720 --> 02:29:30,720 SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, I DON'T WANT 4148 02:29:30,720 --> 02:29:34,200 TO SPEND TOO MUCH TIME BUT THE 4149 02:29:34,200 --> 02:29:37,320 VARIOUS MICE MODELS THAT ARE 4150 02:29:37,320 --> 02:29:37,560 AROUND. 4151 02:29:37,560 --> 02:29:39,640 K18 MICE ARE HAMPERED BY SOME 4152 02:29:39,640 --> 02:29:42,000 MICE DEVELOPING BRAIN INFECTION 4153 02:29:42,000 --> 02:29:43,880 AND THIS--WHEN MICE DEVELOP 4154 02:29:43,880 --> 02:29:44,720 BRAIN INFECTION THAT'S LETHAL 4155 02:29:44,720 --> 02:29:46,240 AND I DON'T THINK IT'S A MODEL 4156 02:29:46,240 --> 02:29:47,440 FOR HUMAN DISEASE BECAUSE 4157 02:29:47,440 --> 02:29:49,760 THERE'S SO LITTLE EVIDENCE THAT 4158 02:29:49,760 --> 02:29:51,880 VIRUS DIRECTLY INFECTS THE BRAIN 4159 02:29:51,880 --> 02:29:54,960 BUT WHAT WE CAN SAY IS BY USING 4160 02:29:54,960 --> 02:29:55,800 MOUSE ADAPTIVE VIRUSES AND 4161 02:29:55,800 --> 02:29:57,400 THERE'S SEVERAL OUT THERE, 1 OR 4162 02:29:57,400 --> 02:29:59,560 2, THE 2 THAT MY LAB DEVELOPED 4163 02:29:59,560 --> 02:30:01,520 IN SEVERAL OTHER LABS, CAN YOU 4164 02:30:01,520 --> 02:30:04,520 DEFINITELY GET A RANGE OF 4165 02:30:04,520 --> 02:30:05,760 INFECTIONS, A RANGE OF SEVERE 4166 02:30:05,760 --> 02:30:07,880 DISEASE WHICH WILL BE USEFUL FOR 4167 02:30:07,880 --> 02:30:09,400 STUDYING THE ACUTE PHASE BUT 4168 02:30:09,400 --> 02:30:11,160 THEN BY MODULATING THE AMOUNT OF 4169 02:30:11,160 --> 02:30:14,080 VIRUS YOU CAN GIVE, CAN YOU 4170 02:30:14,080 --> 02:30:15,360 DEVELOP LONG-TERM COVID-19 4171 02:30:15,360 --> 02:30:16,400 MODELS AND ONCE WOHAS THAT WHICH 4172 02:30:16,400 --> 02:30:18,280 I THINK WE HAVE 1 CAN DO THE 4173 02:30:18,280 --> 02:30:20,440 KINDS OF THINGS THAT YOU ARE 4174 02:30:20,440 --> 02:30:23,280 REFERRING TO USING 4175 02:30:23,280 --> 02:30:24,160 DIFFERENT--INTRODUCING DIFFERENT 4176 02:30:24,160 --> 02:30:25,440 CO-MORBIDITIES, DOING DIFFERENT 4177 02:30:25,440 --> 02:30:26,240 KINDS OF MEASUREMENTS, AGAIN 4178 02:30:26,240 --> 02:30:28,000 WITH THE CAVEAT THAT MICE ARE 4179 02:30:28,000 --> 02:30:30,160 NOT A PERFECT MIMIC, THEY CAN'T 4180 02:30:30,160 --> 02:30:31,840 TELL YOU ABOUT BRAIN FOG. 4181 02:30:31,840 --> 02:30:33,560 THEY DON'T DO SOME OF THE THINGS 4182 02:30:33,560 --> 02:30:35,440 THAT YOU WOULD REALLY LIKE TO 4183 02:30:35,440 --> 02:30:37,600 MIMIC WHEN WE THINK ABOUT 4184 02:30:37,600 --> 02:30:38,080 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. 4185 02:30:38,080 --> 02:30:39,440 BUT YES, THEY'RE ALL DO CALVERT, 4186 02:30:39,440 --> 02:30:43,720 IT'S JUST DOING THEM. 4187 02:30:43,720 --> 02:30:44,080 >> THANK YOU. 4188 02:30:44,080 --> 02:30:47,800 SO THERE WAS A QUESTION IN THE 4189 02:30:47,800 --> 02:30:49,360 CHAT, DR. PERLMAN ABOUT WHAT 4190 02:30:49,360 --> 02:30:53,520 SARS--WHAT WAS THE STRAIN OF 4191 02:30:53,520 --> 02:30:55,240 YOUR SARS-COV-STRAIN YOU USE 4192 02:30:55,240 --> 02:31:01,000 INDEED YOUR MOUSE? 4193 02:31:01,000 --> 02:31:02,480 >> YEAH, SO WHAT WE QUHA WE 4194 02:31:02,480 --> 02:31:05,040 ALWAYS USE IS A NEW DEVELOPMENT 4195 02:31:05,040 --> 02:31:06,520 THAT WE DEVELOPED THAT'S 4196 02:31:06,520 --> 02:31:07,840 DIFFERENT THAN THE ORIGINAL 1 4197 02:31:07,840 --> 02:31:10,360 BECAUSE WE DEVELOPED IT IN HUMAN 4198 02:31:10,360 --> 02:31:13,000 ACE 2 KNOCK-IN MICE, NOT OUR 4199 02:31:13,000 --> 02:31:23,520 TRANSGENIC MICE BUT KNEW KNOCK 4200 02:31:25,200 --> 02:31:26,000 IN MICE, HPV-IT'S JUST THE 4201 02:31:26,000 --> 02:31:28,120 SYSTEM WE USE TO LOOK AT SEX 4202 02:31:28,120 --> 02:31:28,480 DIFFERENCES. 4203 02:31:28,480 --> 02:31:30,240 THIS VIRUS EVEN THOUGH WE 4204 02:31:30,240 --> 02:31:35,240 ADAPTED IT IN HUMAN ACE 2 KNOCK 4205 02:31:35,240 --> 02:31:37,760 IN MICE, IT CAN EEVENGHT NORMAL 4206 02:31:37,760 --> 02:31:39,680 KNOCK IN MICE NOW. 4207 02:31:39,680 --> 02:31:41,680 SO IT'S CHANGED ITS ABILITY TO 4208 02:31:41,680 --> 02:31:43,840 USE MOUSE 2 BIT BY THE 4209 02:31:43,840 --> 02:31:45,920 ADAPTATION AND THE HUMAN ACE 2 4210 02:31:45,920 --> 02:31:47,040 EXPW IT'S DIFFERENT THAN ANY 4211 02:31:47,040 --> 02:31:48,560 OTHER VIRUS WE'VE SEEN SO FAR 4212 02:31:48,560 --> 02:31:51,480 BUT I AM CONFIDENT THAT IF WE 4213 02:31:51,480 --> 02:31:53,320 TOOK OUR MA13 VIRUS WHICH WE 4214 02:31:53,320 --> 02:31:56,000 WILL HOPEFULLY BE AVAILABLE AT 4215 02:31:56,000 --> 02:31:57,760 BEI VERY SHORTLY AND WIDELY 4216 02:31:57,760 --> 02:31:59,240 AVAILABLE ANYWAY, THOSE WILL 4217 02:31:59,240 --> 02:32:00,760 GIVE A MOUSE--THOSE WILL MIMIC 4218 02:32:00,760 --> 02:32:02,280 THOSE SEX DIFFERENCES IN B6 4219 02:32:02,280 --> 02:32:02,520 MICE. 4220 02:32:02,520 --> 02:32:06,880 I SHOULD SAY WHEN WE'VE DONE 4221 02:32:06,880 --> 02:32:08,320 THIS IN BALB-C MICE ANOTHER 4222 02:32:08,320 --> 02:32:09,960 STRAIN WE DON'T SEE SEX 4223 02:32:09,960 --> 02:32:11,000 DIFFERENCES WITH THE TRAIN, SO 4224 02:32:11,000 --> 02:32:12,400 IT'S IMPORTANT WE DO THIS WITH 4225 02:32:12,400 --> 02:32:14,320 THE B6 MICE WE COULD USE THIS 4226 02:32:14,320 --> 02:32:16,320 NEW VARIANT THAT WE'VE 4227 02:32:16,320 --> 02:32:16,640 IDENTIFIED. 4228 02:32:16,640 --> 02:32:20,600 SO THE LONG ANSWER TO YOUR SHORT 4229 02:32:20,600 --> 02:32:21,440 QUESTION. 4230 02:32:21,440 --> 02:32:22,040 >> THAT'S FINE, JUST. 4231 02:32:22,040 --> 02:32:23,320 >> YOUR COMMENT ABOUT NOT SEEING 4232 02:32:23,320 --> 02:32:25,160 SEX DRVESS DO YOU KNOW IN THAT 4233 02:32:25,160 --> 02:32:26,720 PARTICULAR STRAIN, DO YOU KNOW 4234 02:32:26,720 --> 02:32:27,880 WHY THAT IS? 4235 02:32:27,880 --> 02:32:29,200 >> NO, WE DON'T. 4236 02:32:29,200 --> 02:32:30,800 WE LOOKED--WE DID THAT 4237 02:32:30,800 --> 02:32:32,240 EXPERIMENT SEVERAL TIMES BECAUSE 4238 02:32:32,240 --> 02:32:34,160 WE'VE ALWAYS SEEN SEX 4239 02:32:34,160 --> 02:32:37,360 DIFFERENCES WITH SARS-COV IN THE 4240 02:32:37,360 --> 02:32:38,440 BALB-C MICE IT'S TRICKIER 4241 02:32:38,440 --> 02:32:41,280 BECAUSE THE MICE ARE SORE 4242 02:32:41,280 --> 02:32:42,520 SUBSIDIARY SEPTORSIBLE SO YOU 4243 02:32:42,520 --> 02:32:44,760 HAVE TO USE USE LESS VIRUS BUT 4244 02:32:44,760 --> 02:32:45,600 WE COULDEE THE DIFFERENCES WE 4245 02:32:45,600 --> 02:32:47,040 COULD NONAPOPTOTIC THE SEE THEM 4246 02:32:47,040 --> 02:32:51,280 WITH THE MA30 VIRUS. 4247 02:32:51,280 --> 02:32:52,120 >> SO,--SO QUICKLY WE'RE RUNNING 4248 02:32:52,120 --> 02:32:56,760 A LITTLE BIT OUT OF TIME, SO 4249 02:32:56,760 --> 02:33:00,200 KATHRYN WAS INTERESTED IS 4250 02:33:00,200 --> 02:33:02,720 DR. PERLMAN, DOES OBESITY OR 4251 02:33:02,720 --> 02:33:05,920 HYPER TENSIVE MICE DOES THAT 4252 02:33:05,920 --> 02:33:09,440 WORSE IN SARS? 4253 02:33:09,440 --> 02:33:10,600 IN SARS INFECTION? 4254 02:33:10,600 --> 02:33:11,120 >> WE DON'T KNOW. 4255 02:33:11,120 --> 02:33:12,040 WE HAVEN'T DONE THAT. 4256 02:33:12,040 --> 02:33:13,320 THOSE ARE THE THINGS WE'RE 4257 02:33:13,320 --> 02:33:14,480 THINKING ABOUT, I HAVE TO SAY 4258 02:33:14,480 --> 02:33:16,480 WITH WE TROO DO THIS EXACT 4259 02:33:16,480 --> 02:33:17,880 EXPERIMENT WITH THE ORIGINAL 4260 02:33:17,880 --> 02:33:19,880 SARS WITH OBESE MICE, WE MADE 4261 02:33:19,880 --> 02:33:23,920 THE MICE OBESE BY DIET, AND WHAT 4262 02:33:23,920 --> 02:33:25,600 WE FOUND WAS THAT AS SOON AS THE 4263 02:33:25,600 --> 02:33:28,720 MICE WERE INFECTED WITH SARS, 1 4264 02:33:28,720 --> 02:33:32,120 WITHIN A FEW DAYS THEY ACTUALLY 4265 02:33:32,120 --> 02:33:32,560 LOST THEIR OBESITY. 4266 02:33:32,560 --> 02:33:34,240 THEY SHED ALL THEIR WEIGHT SO IT 4267 02:33:34,240 --> 02:33:35,400 WAS AN INTERESTING PHENOMENA BUT 4268 02:33:35,400 --> 02:33:37,400 IT MADE IT NOT USEFUL FOR 4269 02:33:37,400 --> 02:33:41,920 STUDYING OBESITY ANY LONGER. 4270 02:33:41,920 --> 02:33:42,960 >> MARK, I THINK THERE IS A 4271 02:33:42,960 --> 02:33:46,640 QUESTION FROM OUR CO-CHAIR 4272 02:33:46,640 --> 02:33:48,120 DR. YOGEN TO ALL PANELISTS SO 4273 02:33:48,120 --> 02:33:49,480 MAYBE IF YOU WANT TO-- 4274 02:33:49,480 --> 02:33:51,320 >> YES I WAS ABOUT TO GET TO 4275 02:33:51,320 --> 02:33:54,120 THAT SO DR. KANTHI WANTED TO 4276 02:33:54,120 --> 02:33:56,320 COMMENT ON THE CONCEPT OF NEW 4277 02:33:56,320 --> 02:34:06,800 IMMUNE SET POINTS FOLLOWING 4278 02:34:10,040 --> 02:34:10,240 INFECTION? 4279 02:34:10,240 --> 02:34:12,520 THIS IS OPEN TO ALL PANELISTS? 4280 02:34:12,520 --> 02:34:14,040 >> I CAN START, IT'S AN 4281 02:34:14,040 --> 02:34:15,360 EXCELLENT QUESTION AND IT'S--I 4282 02:34:15,360 --> 02:34:21,400 THINK WE'RE STILL EARLY DAYS SO 4283 02:34:21,400 --> 02:34:23,000 I CAN ELABORATE TO WHAT I 4284 02:34:23,000 --> 02:34:25,760 ALLUDED TO AT THE END, I 4285 02:34:25,760 --> 02:34:26,920 HIGHLIGHTED HOW THEY RESPOND TO 4286 02:34:26,920 --> 02:34:28,000 THE VACCINE IS DIFFERENT AND 4287 02:34:28,000 --> 02:34:30,000 THOSE CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO 4288 02:34:30,000 --> 02:34:31,720 ACTUALLY A STABLE VARIABLE THAT 4289 02:34:31,720 --> 02:34:34,520 WAS SHIFTED AND SO IN THIS CASE 4290 02:34:34,520 --> 02:34:36,080 IT WAS CD8 MEMORY CELLS THAT I 4291 02:34:36,080 --> 02:34:39,600 MENTIONED, BUT WE ALSO SO 4292 02:34:39,600 --> 02:34:44,960 DIFFERENCES IN THE MONOCYTES. 4293 02:34:44,960 --> 02:34:48,160 YOU SEE FOR EXAMPLE, A DEPRESSED 4294 02:34:48,160 --> 02:34:50,240 SIGNATURE INVOLVING TLRRs AND 4295 02:34:50,240 --> 02:34:51,200 AUTOIMMUNE RECEPTOR GENES IN 4296 02:34:51,200 --> 02:34:53,960 THESE CELLS AND WHAT WAS VERY 4297 02:34:53,960 --> 02:34:56,280 INTRIGUING IS WHEN YOU LOOK AT 4298 02:34:56,280 --> 02:34:59,440 THESE INDIVIDUALS ON DAY 1 AFTER 4299 02:34:59,440 --> 02:35:01,400 THEY RECEIVED A FLU VACCINE AND 4300 02:35:01,400 --> 02:35:03,320 LETTER, YOU SEE A PARTIAL RESET 4301 02:35:03,320 --> 02:35:04,840 OF THOSE GENES SO SUGGESTING 4302 02:35:04,840 --> 02:35:06,680 THAT THE INFLAMMATION INDUCED 4303 02:35:06,680 --> 02:35:08,760 BIER THE VACCINE IT'S HELPING TO 4304 02:35:08,760 --> 02:35:13,720 REVERT SOME OF THOSE BACK. 4305 02:35:13,720 --> 02:35:16,240 WE DON'T KNOW WHY THERE IS A 4306 02:35:16,240 --> 02:35:17,200 GENDER OR SEX DIFFERENCE THERE, 4307 02:35:17,200 --> 02:35:18,360 WE SEE IT'S MORE PROMULGATE 4308 02:35:18,360 --> 02:35:20,360 FLENT IN THE FEMALES AND THAT 4309 02:35:20,360 --> 02:35:22,000 COULD BE BECAUSE OF THE INNATE 4310 02:35:22,000 --> 02:35:26,920 RESPONSE TO THE VACCINE AS 4311 02:35:26,920 --> 02:35:27,960 DR. SCULLY AND OTHERS ALLUDED 4312 02:35:27,960 --> 02:35:29,840 TO, IT CAN BE QUITE DIFFERENT 4313 02:35:29,840 --> 02:35:32,280 AND ESPECIALLY IN SOME OF THE 4314 02:35:32,280 --> 02:35:33,920 INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS WITH GENES 4315 02:35:33,920 --> 02:35:34,720 ENCODED ON THE X-CHROME ON 4316 02:35:34,720 --> 02:35:37,720 STUDIES OF MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE, 4317 02:35:37,720 --> 02:35:39,120 TLR 79'S PATHWAY. 4318 02:35:39,120 --> 02:35:43,200 SO YEAH, I THINK THERE ARE 4319 02:35:43,200 --> 02:35:44,760 MULTIPLE NEW SET POINTS THAT ARE 4320 02:35:44,760 --> 02:35:46,600 NOT CORRELATED WITH THE TIME 4321 02:35:46,600 --> 02:35:48,120 SINCE ACUTE DISEASE, SUGGESTING 4322 02:35:48,120 --> 02:35:50,360 THAT THEY ARE STABLE ALREADY. 4323 02:35:50,360 --> 02:35:52,880 BUT OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 4324 02:35:52,880 --> 02:35:54,040 AND PROTERBATIONS COMING IN, 4325 02:35:54,040 --> 02:35:56,040 SUCH AS VACCINE OR OTHER 4326 02:35:56,040 --> 02:35:57,640 INFECTIONS MAY START TO CHANGE 4327 02:35:57,640 --> 02:35:59,400 AND SHIFT DOSE VARIABLES IN WAYS 4328 02:35:59,400 --> 02:36:01,960 THAT WE STILL NEED TO UNDERSTAND 4329 02:36:01,960 --> 02:36:05,680 BETTER INSTITUTE THE FUNCTIONAL 4330 02:36:05,680 --> 02:36:06,200 CONSEQUENCES. 4331 02:36:06,200 --> 02:36:06,720 >> OKAY, GREAT ANSWER. 4332 02:36:06,720 --> 02:36:08,720 WE WILL WRAP THIS UP. 4333 02:36:08,720 --> 02:36:09,120 IT'S 1:35. 4334 02:36:09,120 --> 02:36:12,520 WE WILL BREAK FOR LUNCH. 4335 02:36:12,520 --> 02:36:15,080 AGAIN, I ENCOURAGE ALL FAR TIS 4336 02:36:15,080 --> 02:36:16,600 PANTS TO FURTHER THESE DISUGZS 4337 02:36:16,600 --> 02:36:18,640 IN THE BREAK OUT SESSIONS 4338 02:36:18,640 --> 02:36:19,160 TOMORROW. 4339 02:36:19,160 --> 02:36:26,520 I THANK DR. PERLMAN, BAROUCH, 4340 02:36:26,520 --> 02:36:28,040 SCULLYAND DR. TSANG FOR AN 4341 02:36:28,040 --> 02:36:28,440 EXCELLENT TALK. 4342 02:36:28,440 --> 02:36:30,000 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 4343 02:36:30,000 --> 02:36:51,200 WE WILL READJOURN AT 1:55. 4344 02:36:51,200 --> 02:36:56,040 >>SO DR. Mc KUSICK, HAS A 4345 02:36:56,040 --> 02:36:57,960 DEGREE IN HIGHER EDUCATION, 4346 02:36:57,960 --> 02:37:01,800 SHE'S PUBLISHED NUMEROUS 4347 02:37:01,800 --> 02:37:02,320 PROFESSIONAL ARTICLES. 4348 02:37:02,320 --> 02:37:05,040 AND ALTHOUGH SHE'S CURRENTLY 4349 02:37:05,040 --> 02:37:08,800 RETIRED, SHE CONSULTS FOR 4350 02:37:08,800 --> 02:37:10,680 ACHIEVING THE DREAM WHICH IS A 4351 02:37:10,680 --> 02:37:11,840 FASHIONAL REFORM NETWORK FOR 4352 02:37:11,840 --> 02:37:12,680 COMMUNITY COLLEGES HOWEVER SHE'S 4353 02:37:12,680 --> 02:37:16,200 NOT GOING TO TOWK TAKEN--THEY US 4354 02:37:16,200 --> 02:37:17,480 TODAY ABOUT HER CAREER IN 4355 02:37:17,480 --> 02:37:19,240 EDUCATION BUT RATHER SHE'S GOING 4356 02:37:19,240 --> 02:37:22,600 TO SHARE OUR EXPERIENCE WITH 4357 02:37:22,600 --> 02:37:24,560 HAVING CONTRACTED COVID IN 4358 02:37:24,560 --> 02:37:28,840 MARCH 2020 AND IS STILL HAVING 4359 02:37:28,840 --> 02:37:30,960 SYMPTOMS. 4360 02:37:30,960 --> 02:37:33,080 SO WELCOME DR. Mc KUSICK. 4361 02:37:33,080 --> 02:37:33,880 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND THANK 4362 02:37:33,880 --> 02:37:36,320 YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK 4363 02:37:36,320 --> 02:37:36,520 TODAY. 4364 02:37:36,520 --> 02:37:39,080 MY APOLOGIES IF I BREAK UP 4365 02:37:39,080 --> 02:37:40,240 COUGHING BECAUSE THAT IS PART OF 4366 02:37:40,240 --> 02:37:41,120 WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TODAY 4367 02:37:41,120 --> 02:37:43,680 AND THAT DOES HAPPEN. 4368 02:37:43,680 --> 02:37:45,880 I'M A WHITE WOMAN WHO GOES BY 4369 02:37:45,880 --> 02:37:46,480 SHE AND HER. 4370 02:37:46,480 --> 02:37:48,840 I'M 74 YEARS OLD AND IN MY 4371 02:37:48,840 --> 02:37:50,760 INTRODUCTION YOU LEARNED ABOUT 4372 02:37:50,760 --> 02:37:55,640 MY BACKGROUND IN TERMS OF MY 4373 02:37:55,640 --> 02:37:58,280 HEALTH, I GOT COVID IN MARCH OF 4374 02:37:58,280 --> 02:38:00,040 2020 EXCEPT FOR MILD 4375 02:38:00,040 --> 02:38:02,400 FIBROMYALGIA AND THE USUAL ACHES 4376 02:38:02,400 --> 02:38:04,600 AND MAINS PAINS OF SOMEBODY MY 4377 02:38:04,600 --> 02:38:04,760 AGE. 4378 02:38:04,760 --> 02:38:06,960 THIS IS MY INITIAL COVID STORY 4379 02:38:06,960 --> 02:38:08,320 IN EARLY MARCH 2020 I RODE IN 4380 02:38:08,320 --> 02:38:11,160 THE CAR OF A COLLEAGUE TO A 4381 02:38:11,160 --> 02:38:11,720 PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE AND 4382 02:38:11,720 --> 02:38:13,760 ABOUT A WEEK LATER HE CALLED TO 4383 02:38:13,760 --> 02:38:16,200 IT WILL ME THAT HE WAS SICK WITH 4384 02:38:16,200 --> 02:38:17,800 A COUGH, EXTREME FETAL 4385 02:38:17,800 --> 02:38:19,240 COMPARTMENT TEAGUE AND DIAGNOSED 4386 02:38:19,240 --> 02:38:20,160 AT HOPKINS WITH COVID. 4387 02:38:20,160 --> 02:38:24,120 I HAD JUST BEGUN TO EXPERIENCE 4388 02:38:24,120 --> 02:38:25,280 SHORTNESS OF BREATH MYSELF. 4389 02:38:25,280 --> 02:38:28,320 I WENT TO MY PRIMARY CARE 4390 02:38:28,320 --> 02:38:29,800 DOCTOR, SHE PERFORMED THE VERY 4391 02:38:29,800 --> 02:38:32,920 FIRST COVID TEST IN HER PRACTICE 4392 02:38:32,920 --> 02:38:34,440 THEP THEY WILL NOT RELEASE THE 4393 02:38:34,440 --> 02:38:37,040 RESULTS BECAUSE THE LAB WAS TOLD 4394 02:38:37,040 --> 02:38:39,240 THAT THEY WERE NOT COMPENSATED 4395 02:38:39,240 --> 02:38:40,800 FOR COVID TESTING, THIS MIGHT 4396 02:38:40,800 --> 02:38:44,600 MAKE YOU REMEMBER THE CHAOS OF 4397 02:38:44,600 --> 02:38:46,720 THE EARLY COVID DAYS AND IT TOOK 4398 02:38:46,720 --> 02:38:48,320 HE ANOTHER WEEK OF THE RESULTS 4399 02:38:48,320 --> 02:38:50,440 BUT I ALREADY KNEW IT BY THEN. 4400 02:38:50,440 --> 02:38:52,680 I HAD SHORTNESS OF BREATH, 4401 02:38:52,680 --> 02:38:54,240 COUGH, FATIGUE, NO SMELL OR 4402 02:38:54,240 --> 02:38:56,320 TASTE, A SLIGHT FEVER OF 99 FOR 4403 02:38:56,320 --> 02:38:59,000 1 NIGHT AND THAT WAS IT. 4404 02:38:59,000 --> 02:39:01,520 I WENT INTO A IMMEDIATE 4405 02:39:01,520 --> 02:39:01,960 QUARANTINE. 4406 02:39:01,960 --> 02:39:04,480 I HAD A BAD COUGH BUT I NEVER 4407 02:39:04,480 --> 02:39:06,520 WENT TO THE HOSPITAL. 4408 02:39:06,520 --> 02:39:08,240 TWO MONTHS LATER, I WAS STILL 4409 02:39:08,240 --> 02:39:09,560 COUGHING IS NO ENERGY, SPRING 4410 02:39:09,560 --> 02:39:11,160 WAS COMING ALONG WITH WARM 4411 02:39:11,160 --> 02:39:12,160 WEATHER AND I COULDN'T STAND TO 4412 02:39:12,160 --> 02:39:14,520 BE IN THE SUN, IT MADE ME FEEL 4413 02:39:14,520 --> 02:39:16,920 FAINT AND DIZZY, MY PRAIMARY 4414 02:39:16,920 --> 02:39:18,920 DOCTOR HAD A CHEST X-RAY DUN, 4415 02:39:18,920 --> 02:39:21,040 RAN BLOOD TESTS, DISCOVERED THAT 4416 02:39:21,040 --> 02:39:27,920 MY GFR SCORES HAD DROPPED 4417 02:39:27,920 --> 02:39:30,120 SIGNIFICANTLY. 4418 02:39:30,120 --> 02:39:32,600 SHE REFERRED ME TO A CARDIOLOGY 4419 02:39:32,600 --> 02:39:37,920 OF THED, SHE READ ABOUT COVID 4420 02:39:37,920 --> 02:39:40,040 CAUSES, THE CARDIOLOGY RULED OUT 4421 02:39:40,040 --> 02:39:41,160 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 4422 02:39:41,160 --> 02:39:42,360 THERE WAS NO POINT WHERE 4423 02:39:42,360 --> 02:39:45,760 SOMEBODY TOLD ME HAVE YOU LONG 4424 02:39:45,760 --> 02:39:45,960 COVID. 4425 02:39:45,960 --> 02:39:48,000 OF COURSE THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN 4426 02:39:48,000 --> 02:39:49,040 DOCUMENTED BUT WHENEVER I WOULD 4427 02:39:49,040 --> 02:39:50,600 GO TO NIGH DOCTOR SHE WOULD SAY 4428 02:39:50,600 --> 02:39:51,800 WELL IMOAB REALLY KNOWING 4429 02:39:51,800 --> 02:39:54,640 ANYTHING ABOUT IT. 4430 02:39:54,640 --> 02:39:57,040 SO I BEGAN TO BECOME MY OWN 4431 02:39:57,040 --> 02:39:58,200 ADVOCATE AND WENT TO SPECIALISTS 4432 02:39:58,200 --> 02:40:00,520 ON MY OWN AND I WOULD TELL THEM 4433 02:40:00,520 --> 02:40:02,240 ABOUT MY COVID EXPERIENCE AND I 4434 02:40:02,240 --> 02:40:04,080 WOULD GET THAT SAME SHRUG, WE 4435 02:40:04,080 --> 02:40:08,880 REALLY DON'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT 4436 02:40:08,880 --> 02:40:09,720 THIS. 4437 02:40:09,720 --> 02:40:10,120 EXCUSE ME. 4438 02:40:10,120 --> 02:40:12,440 SO IN THE LAST OVER 2 YEARS, I 4439 02:40:12,440 --> 02:40:15,440 HAVE BEEN TO A CARDIOLOGIST FOR 4440 02:40:15,440 --> 02:40:17,280 POSSIBLE POTS, AND 4441 02:40:17,280 --> 02:40:19,800 NEVERROLOGYIST FOR THE KIDNEY 4442 02:40:19,800 --> 02:40:20,600 DISEASE, GASTROINTESTERAL DOC 4443 02:40:20,600 --> 02:40:23,800 FOR POSSIBLE REFLUX THAT'S 4444 02:40:23,800 --> 02:40:28,400 CAUSING THE COUGH, AN ENT WHO 4445 02:40:28,400 --> 02:40:32,240 STUDIED MY LARYNX AGAIN FOR THE 4446 02:40:32,240 --> 02:40:33,240 COUGH AND COARSENESS, PULL 4447 02:40:33,240 --> 02:40:34,920 MONITORROLOGYIST FOR THE 4448 02:40:34,920 --> 02:40:37,240 COUGHING AND ALLERGIST FOR 4449 02:40:37,240 --> 02:40:38,520 VOICE, RHEUMATOLOGIST FOR BODY 4450 02:40:38,520 --> 02:40:43,880 ACHES WHO TESTED ME FOR SHOGUNS 4451 02:40:43,880 --> 02:40:45,320 AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, A 4452 02:40:45,320 --> 02:40:47,520 VOICE THERAPIST TO HELP ME SPEAK 4453 02:40:47,520 --> 02:40:49,840 BETTER AND SING AGAIN BECAUSE I 4454 02:40:49,840 --> 02:40:50,560 AM A SINGER. 4455 02:40:50,560 --> 02:40:52,160 PHYSIOLOGIST FOR BODY ACHES AND 4456 02:40:52,160 --> 02:40:54,360 PAINS AND FINALLY AN ORTHOPEDIC 4457 02:40:54,360 --> 02:40:56,720 DOCTOR FOR JOINT PAIN AND 4458 02:40:56,720 --> 02:40:59,240 CORTISONE SHOTS AND JUST 4459 02:40:59,240 --> 02:41:00,240 RECENTLY SURGERY. 4460 02:41:00,240 --> 02:41:02,280 EXCUSE ME. 4461 02:41:02,280 --> 02:41:04,040 COUPLE SIGNIFICANT THINGS, 1 I 4462 02:41:04,040 --> 02:41:06,960 AM FULLY VACCINATED AND 4463 02:41:06,960 --> 02:41:07,280 BOOSTERRED. 4464 02:41:07,280 --> 02:41:09,920 AND I NEVER HAD ANY KIND OF 4465 02:41:09,920 --> 02:41:11,360 STRONG REACTION TO THOSE EVENTS. 4466 02:41:11,360 --> 02:41:14,320 IN MAY OF 20 I DECIDED TO DONATE 4467 02:41:14,320 --> 02:41:17,040 PLASMA WITH ANTIBODIES, I KNEW I 4468 02:41:17,040 --> 02:41:19,920 HAD THOSE ANTIBODIES STILL AND 4469 02:41:19,920 --> 02:41:21,880 DONATED IT AT RED CROSS, THE 4470 02:41:21,880 --> 02:41:23,280 EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE WAS REALLY 4471 02:41:23,280 --> 02:41:24,760 HORRIFIC, THEY TIE YOUR ARMS IN 4472 02:41:24,760 --> 02:41:26,600 PLACE, IT WAS 2 HOURS, I HAD 4473 02:41:26,600 --> 02:41:27,440 NAUSEA AND THERE WAS NOBODY 4474 02:41:27,440 --> 02:41:30,640 THERE TO HELP ME. 4475 02:41:30,640 --> 02:41:33,040 IN DECEMBER OF 21 I HAD COVID 4476 02:41:33,040 --> 02:41:35,400 AGAIN, THIS TIME THE SYMPTOMS 4477 02:41:35,400 --> 02:41:36,280 WERE EXTREME. 4478 02:41:36,280 --> 02:41:38,960 BODY ACHES, FATIGUE, FEVER, BUT 4479 02:41:38,960 --> 02:41:40,800 ONLY LASTED FOR 4 DAYS, THANKS 4480 02:41:40,800 --> 02:41:49,000 PROBABLY TO THE BOOSTER. 4481 02:41:49,000 --> 02:41:52,840 MY PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR GAVE ME A 4482 02:41:52,840 --> 02:41:54,760 LOT OF INFORMATION ABOUT 4483 02:41:54,760 --> 02:41:56,160 MONOCLONAL INFUSIONS, TRIED TO 4484 02:41:56,160 --> 02:41:57,880 ALL HER RESOURCES AND THEY LED 4485 02:41:57,880 --> 02:41:59,200 TO DEAD ENDS, SHE TOOK THE 4486 02:41:59,200 --> 02:42:00,200 INFORMATION OFF THE INTERNET 4487 02:42:00,200 --> 02:42:02,360 WHICH I CAN FIND MYSELF. 4488 02:42:02,360 --> 02:42:05,760 I FINALLY LOCATED A SMALL JEWISH 4489 02:42:05,760 --> 02:42:06,680 ORGANIZATION IN BALTIMORE THAT 4490 02:42:06,680 --> 02:42:09,320 WAS RUN OUT OF AN APARTMENT IN 4491 02:42:09,320 --> 02:42:11,200 THE SUBURBS, THEY HAD 5 INFUSION 4492 02:42:11,200 --> 02:42:13,280 STATIONS WITH A NURSE RUNNING 4493 02:42:13,280 --> 02:42:15,560 THE SHOW. 4494 02:42:15,560 --> 02:42:17,520 TWO DOCTORS DONATE ALL OF THE 4495 02:42:17,520 --> 02:42:20,240 SUPPLIES AND THEIR TEAM TO THE 4496 02:42:20,240 --> 02:42:24,240 CENTER IT WAS AN AMAZING NO COST 4497 02:42:24,240 --> 02:42:24,720 COMMUNITY RESOURCE. 4498 02:42:24,720 --> 02:42:26,640 BUT I DON'T THINK IT MADE ANY 4499 02:42:26,640 --> 02:42:27,760 REAL DIFFERENCE. 4500 02:42:27,760 --> 02:42:30,400 I THINK AT THIS POINT I HAD 4501 02:42:30,400 --> 02:42:33,160 OMICRON AND I DON'T THINK 4502 02:42:33,160 --> 02:42:35,000 THE--YOU YOU ALL KNOW A LOT MORE 4503 02:42:35,000 --> 02:42:36,800 ABOUT THIS HAN MOO THAT I WAS 4504 02:42:36,800 --> 02:42:41,600 GETTING WAS DIRECTED TOWARD THE 4505 02:42:41,600 --> 02:42:42,000 OMICRON. 4506 02:42:42,000 --> 02:42:43,360 CURRENT SYMPTOMS I STILL CAN'T 4507 02:42:43,360 --> 02:42:44,160 DEAL WITH HEAT. 4508 02:42:44,160 --> 02:42:46,600 I HAVE MODERATE KIDNEY DISEASE, 4509 02:42:46,600 --> 02:42:48,800 CAN'T TAKE ANY NSAIDS, WHICH IS 4510 02:42:48,800 --> 02:42:50,160 SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE I HAVE A LOT 4511 02:42:50,160 --> 02:42:53,920 OF MUSCLE AND JOINT PAIN RECENT 4512 02:42:53,920 --> 02:42:58,120 KNEE SURGERY, I'VE HAD MANY 4513 02:42:58,120 --> 02:42:59,760 CORTISONE SHOTS IN DIFFERENT 4514 02:42:59,760 --> 02:43:00,240 JOINTS. 4515 02:43:00,240 --> 02:43:03,720 I HAVE A VERY WEIRD INTENSIFIED 4516 02:43:03,720 --> 02:43:06,000 SENSE OF SMELL, IT WENT FROM NO 4517 02:43:06,000 --> 02:43:07,080 SMELL TO SMELLING THINGS BURNING 4518 02:43:07,080 --> 02:43:09,600 ALL THE TIME AND THE MOST 4519 02:43:09,600 --> 02:43:11,320 TROUBLESOME ARE NUISANCE SYMPTOM 4520 02:43:11,320 --> 02:43:14,880 IS THE EXCESS MOISTURE--I'M 4521 02:43:14,880 --> 02:43:16,400 SORRY THE MUCUS IN MY THROAT 4522 02:43:16,400 --> 02:43:17,840 THAT LEADS ME TO COUGHING. 4523 02:43:17,840 --> 02:43:19,200 SO THERE'S SEVERAL IDEAS, LARGER 4524 02:43:19,200 --> 02:43:20,800 IDEAS I WANT TO COMMUNICATE. 4525 02:43:20,800 --> 02:43:29,480 I COULD BE WRONG BUT I DON'T 4526 02:43:29,480 --> 02:43:31,320 THINK THERE'S A DIAGNOSTIC CODE 4527 02:43:31,320 --> 02:43:31,800 FOR POST COVID. 4528 02:43:31,800 --> 02:43:33,760 WITH THE ABSENCE OF THAT 4529 02:43:33,760 --> 02:43:35,200 EACHICISM THOM IS TREATED 4530 02:43:35,200 --> 02:43:37,280 INDIVIDUALLY BY SPECIALIST AS IF 4531 02:43:37,280 --> 02:43:38,720 THERE'S NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 4532 02:43:38,720 --> 02:43:39,080 THEM. 4533 02:43:39,080 --> 02:43:42,520 ALSO INSURANCE BILLING HAS BEEN 4534 02:43:42,520 --> 02:43:43,080 VERY CHALLENGING. 4535 02:43:43,080 --> 02:43:45,600 I HAD DIFFICULTY GETTING THE LAB 4536 02:43:45,600 --> 02:43:48,520 RESULTS BECAUSE OF THIS IT. 4537 02:43:48,520 --> 02:43:59,080 HAD DIFFICULTY GETTING PAID BACK 4538 02:44:03,400 --> 02:44:04,360 FOR--RHEUMATOLOGIST FOUND MY 4539 02:44:04,360 --> 02:44:06,600 EXESESSIVELY DRY MOUTH AND 4540 02:44:06,600 --> 02:44:08,560 THROAT COULD BE SHORTENED GRINS 4541 02:44:08,560 --> 02:44:11,920 AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AND I 4542 02:44:11,920 --> 02:44:13,040 TESTED NEGATIVE BUT YOU GET THE 4543 02:44:13,040 --> 02:44:14,920 REAL TEST WHICH WAS A LIT 4544 02:44:14,920 --> 02:44:20,960 BIOPSY, I VALID TO GO TO 4545 02:44:20,960 --> 02:44:21,200 HOPKINS. 4546 02:44:21,200 --> 02:44:23,160 HOPKINS DOESN'T ACCEPT A 4547 02:44:23,160 --> 02:44:24,720 MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM THAT 4548 02:44:24,720 --> 02:44:25,600 I HAD. 4549 02:44:25,600 --> 02:44:29,720 SO, AS I SAID, I'VE HAD TO BE MY 4550 02:44:29,720 --> 02:44:30,240 OWN ADVOCATE THROUGHOUT. 4551 02:44:30,240 --> 02:44:31,800 NONE OF THE DOCTORS SEEM TO KNOW 4552 02:44:31,800 --> 02:44:33,120 ANYTHING ABOUT LONG COVID. 4553 02:44:33,120 --> 02:44:35,680 AS MY OWN ADVOCATE, I HAVE HAD 4554 02:44:35,680 --> 02:44:38,400 TO SEE AND UNDERSTAND THE INNER 4555 02:44:38,400 --> 02:44:40,520 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THESE 4556 02:44:40,520 --> 02:44:40,960 SYMPTOMS. 4557 02:44:40,960 --> 02:44:44,520 FOR INSTANCE IS MY HORSE THROAT 4558 02:44:44,520 --> 02:44:44,960 DUE TO HYPOTHYROIDISM? 4559 02:44:44,960 --> 02:44:46,600 IS IT BET TORE TRY UP THE MUCUS 4560 02:44:46,600 --> 02:44:48,760 WITH AN OVER THE COUNTER DRUG? 4561 02:44:48,760 --> 02:44:51,680 IS IT RELATED TO BLOOD PRESSURE 4562 02:44:51,680 --> 02:44:52,360 MEDS, ET CETERA. 4563 02:44:52,360 --> 02:44:53,960 I'M SPEEDING UP BECAUSE I THINK 4564 02:44:53,960 --> 02:44:55,920 MY 5 MINUTES IS PROBABLY UP, MY 4565 02:44:55,920 --> 02:44:56,920 FRIENDS HAVE BEEN SUPPORTIVE 4566 02:44:56,920 --> 02:44:58,840 WHEN THEY SAY ARE YOU BETTER 4567 02:44:58,840 --> 02:44:59,000 YET? 4568 02:44:59,000 --> 02:45:00,560 I HAVE TO SAY I DON'T KNOW 4569 02:45:00,560 --> 02:45:02,080 BECAUSE SOME DAYS I FEEL BETTER 4570 02:45:02,080 --> 02:45:05,280 BUT THEN THE VERY NEXT DAY I'LL 4571 02:45:05,280 --> 02:45:06,840 BE WORSE AGAIN. 4572 02:45:06,840 --> 02:45:08,920 I'M VERY WARY OF IT, I HAVE SOME 4573 02:45:08,920 --> 02:45:10,920 DEPRESSION BECAUSE OF IT, I HAVE 4574 02:45:10,920 --> 02:45:12,120 BASICALLY GIVEN UP ON ANSWERS 4575 02:45:12,120 --> 02:45:14,320 AND I'VE JUST COME TO THE POINT 4576 02:45:14,320 --> 02:45:17,840 WHERE I FEEL LIKE I HAVE TO 4577 02:45:17,840 --> 02:45:19,680 PURSUE THIS IN TERMS OF 4578 02:45:19,680 --> 02:45:21,160 GRATITUDE THEY DIDN'T GET 4579 02:45:21,160 --> 02:45:21,520 ANYTHING WORSE. 4580 02:45:21,520 --> 02:45:24,160 BUT IF I WERE TO SAY 1 THING TO 4581 02:45:24,160 --> 02:45:30,080 THE WONDERFUL RESEARCH PEOPLE 4582 02:45:30,080 --> 02:45:31,560 WHO ARE TESTIFYING TODAY TODAY I 4583 02:45:31,560 --> 02:45:33,360 QUESTION WHETHER THE RESEARCH IS 4584 02:45:33,360 --> 02:45:34,320 REACHING THE PRACTITIONERS AND I 4585 02:45:34,320 --> 02:45:37,200 WILL LEAVE IT AT THAT. 4586 02:45:37,200 --> 02:45:38,360 >> THANK YOU DOCTOR, WE REALLY 4587 02:45:38,360 --> 02:45:46,880 APPRECIATE THAT AND BY THE WAY, 4588 02:45:46,880 --> 02:45:48,080 JD DAVIS POSTED A CODE AND I 4589 02:45:48,080 --> 02:45:49,480 THINK IT'S BECAUSE OF PATIENTS 4590 02:45:49,480 --> 02:45:50,560 LIKE YOU WHO BROUGHT IT TO THE 4591 02:45:50,560 --> 02:45:51,960 ATTENTION AND ALL THEAX SPECTS 4592 02:45:51,960 --> 02:45:53,840 OF LONG COVID BEING A NEW 4593 02:45:53,840 --> 02:45:56,000 EMERGING DISEASE, IT'S BECAUSE 4594 02:45:56,000 --> 02:45:58,840 OF PEOPLE LIKE YOU WHO HAVE 4595 02:45:58,840 --> 02:46:00,280 REALLY PUSHED THE ENVELOPE HERE 4596 02:46:00,280 --> 02:46:02,360 SO THANK YOU FOR SHARING WITH 4597 02:46:02,360 --> 02:46:03,880 US, YOUR PERSONAL ACCOUNT AND 4598 02:46:03,880 --> 02:46:05,320 ALSO THANKS FOR YOU KNOW HELPING 4599 02:46:05,320 --> 02:46:08,600 ALL THE INDIVIDUALS OUT THERE, 4600 02:46:08,600 --> 02:46:10,240 WHO HAVE GOTTEN UNFORTUNATELY 4601 02:46:10,240 --> 02:46:13,760 LONG COVID AND AGAIN, AS I SAID 4602 02:46:13,760 --> 02:46:15,080 BEFORE IT'S SO IMPORTANT FOR THE 4603 02:46:15,080 --> 02:46:16,360 SCIENTISTS AND THE POLICY MAKERS 4604 02:46:16,360 --> 02:46:18,800 TO HEAR YOUR STORY BECAUSE WE 4605 02:46:18,800 --> 02:46:21,160 REALLY WANT TO BE WORKING ON THE 4606 02:46:21,160 --> 02:46:24,160 RIGHT MODEL AND THE AND ASK THE 4607 02:46:24,160 --> 02:46:25,160 RIGHT QUESTIONS SO THANK YOU SO 4608 02:46:25,160 --> 02:46:26,000 MUCH FOR YOUR TIME. 4609 02:46:26,000 --> 02:46:30,000 SO NOW WE'RE GOING TO MOVE TO 4610 02:46:30,000 --> 02:46:35,840 OUR SESSION ON THE COMMUNITY'S 4611 02:46:35,840 --> 02:46:40,080 PERSPECTIVE AND THE SOCIAL 4612 02:46:40,080 --> 02:46:40,640 DETERMINANTS OF--THE 4613 02:46:40,640 --> 02:46:41,240 COMMUNITY'SER PERSPECTIVE AND 4614 02:46:41,240 --> 02:46:42,680 HOW NOW THAT KIND OF TRANSLATES 4615 02:46:42,680 --> 02:46:43,960 INTO THE SOCIAL DETERMINE NABTS 4616 02:46:43,960 --> 02:46:47,520 OF HEALTH AND IMPACT ON GENDER 4617 02:46:47,520 --> 02:46:48,600 RELATED COVID OUTCOMES AND FOR 4618 02:46:48,600 --> 02:46:54,480 THIS WE HAVE HEATHER 4619 02:46:54,480 --> 02:46:57,440 SHATTUCK-HEIDORN, AND SHE'S A 4620 02:46:57,440 --> 02:46:57,960 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST. 4621 02:46:57,960 --> 02:46:59,640 SHE HAS BEEN WORKING AT THE 4622 02:46:59,640 --> 02:47:01,080 INTERSECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 4623 02:47:01,080 --> 02:47:03,360 GENDER THEORY AND HUMAN BIOLOGY, 4624 02:47:03,360 --> 02:47:07,880 AND SHE USES THIS PLATFORM TO 4625 02:47:07,880 --> 02:47:11,240 EXAMINE HOW OUR SOCIAL LIVES 4626 02:47:11,240 --> 02:47:14,080 BECOME 'EM BODIED AND REFLECT IN 4627 02:47:14,080 --> 02:47:16,600 OUR HORMONES AND IMMUNE DISPUNKZ 4628 02:47:16,600 --> 02:47:18,320 OTHER BIOLOGY SO SEVERAL OF HER 4629 02:47:18,320 --> 02:47:19,840 CURRENT RESEARCH RIGHT NOW IS TO 4630 02:47:19,840 --> 02:47:22,080 USE LARGE DATA SETS TO LOOK AT 4631 02:47:22,080 --> 02:47:24,520 THE EFFECTS OF GEBDER ON ASPECTS 4632 02:47:24,520 --> 02:47:27,160 OF IMMUNE FUNCTION AND SHE AS A 4633 02:47:27,160 --> 02:47:29,800 COMMUNITY BASED PROJECT 4634 02:47:29,800 --> 02:47:32,080 INVESTIGATING HOW GENDERED 4635 02:47:32,080 --> 02:47:33,480 EXPERIENCES INFLUENCE STRESS AND 4636 02:47:33,480 --> 02:47:35,680 ALOE STATIC LOAD IN ADOLESCENCE. 4637 02:47:35,680 --> 02:47:37,720 THANK YOU SO MUCH HEATHER FOR 4638 02:47:37,720 --> 02:47:42,920 SHARING THIS MODERATING THIS 4639 02:47:42,920 --> 02:47:43,200 SESSION. 4640 02:47:43,200 --> 02:47:44,400 HI, THANK YOU KATHRYN, CAN 4641 02:47:44,400 --> 02:47:49,480 EVERYBODY HEAR ME OKAY? 4642 02:47:49,480 --> 02:47:49,720 >> YES. 4643 02:47:49,720 --> 02:47:50,040 >> GREAT. 4644 02:47:50,040 --> 02:47:51,440 FIRST WELCOME TO THE SECOND 4645 02:47:51,440 --> 02:47:55,600 SESSION, THANK YOU TO JASMINA 4646 02:47:55,600 --> 02:47:56,520 FOR ORGANIZING THIS EVENT AND 4647 02:47:56,520 --> 02:47:58,080 THE CO CHAIRS AND EVERYBODY AT 4648 02:47:58,080 --> 02:48:02,160 THE NIH, THAT WORKED ON THIS. 4649 02:48:02,160 --> 02:48:04,800 AND THIS SESSION, I WILL GO 4650 02:48:04,800 --> 02:48:06,080 AHEAD AND INTRODUCE THIS 4651 02:48:06,080 --> 02:48:07,240 FABULOUS TEAM OF PRESENTERS THAT 4652 02:48:07,240 --> 02:48:09,480 WE HAVE AND I WILL ALSO GIVE A 4653 02:48:09,480 --> 02:48:10,200 QUICK INTRODUCTION TO THIS 4654 02:48:10,200 --> 02:48:13,840 SESSION AND TURN IT OVER TO 4655 02:48:13,840 --> 02:48:14,200 DR. SPRINGER. 4656 02:48:14,200 --> 02:48:16,520 SO I HAVE TAKEN THE LIBERTY OF 4657 02:48:16,520 --> 02:48:18,840 SUMMARIZING THE FOLKS WE HAVE 4658 02:48:18,840 --> 02:48:20,080 PRESENTING HERE, THEIR BRACK 4659 02:48:20,080 --> 02:48:21,280 GROUNDS BUT YOU CAN FIND THEIR 4660 02:48:21,280 --> 02:48:27,320 FULL BIOS IN THE WORKSHOP 4661 02:48:27,320 --> 02:48:29,040 MATERIAL MATERIALS AND WE'RE 4662 02:48:29,040 --> 02:48:32,680 LUCKY TO HAVE THESE PEOPLE HERE 4663 02:48:32,680 --> 02:48:33,200 TODAY. 4664 02:48:33,200 --> 02:48:37,440 >> SO FIRST CHRISTEN SPRINGER IS 4665 02:48:37,440 --> 02:48:38,600 AN ASSOCIATE OF SOCIOLOGY, AND 4666 02:48:38,600 --> 02:48:42,880 SHE FOCUS ON THE INTERACTIVE 4667 02:48:42,880 --> 02:48:44,360 INFLUENCE OF SOCIOLOGY AND HER 4668 02:48:44,360 --> 02:48:47,600 WORK HAS BEEN PUBLISHED AND 4669 02:48:47,600 --> 02:48:50,040 FEATURED IN MAJOR NATIONAL AND 4670 02:48:50,040 --> 02:48:50,640 INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES SUCH AS 4671 02:48:50,640 --> 02:48:52,760 THE NEW YORK TIMES. 4672 02:48:52,760 --> 02:48:54,160 I SKIP MYSELF BECAUSE KATHRYN 4673 02:48:54,160 --> 02:48:55,560 DID SO AND YOU WILL LEARN MORE 4674 02:48:55,560 --> 02:48:57,240 ABOUT MY OWN WORK IN MY OWN TALK 4675 02:48:57,240 --> 02:49:00,040 AND I WILL MOVE TO TO CINDY LIU, 4676 02:49:00,040 --> 02:49:01,360 SHE'S A LICENSED CLINICAL 4677 02:49:01,360 --> 02:49:02,640 PSYCHOLOGIST, THE DIRECTOR OF 4678 02:49:02,640 --> 02:49:04,680 DEVELOPMENT AT RISK AND CULTURAL 4679 02:49:04,680 --> 02:49:05,920 RESILIENCE PROGRAM AND AN 4680 02:49:05,920 --> 02:49:07,440 ASSISTANT PROESES FESSOR AT HARD 4681 02:49:07,440 --> 02:49:08,360 VALID AND RELIABLE MEDICAL 4682 02:49:08,360 --> 02:49:09,880 SCHOOL, THE AREAS OF 4683 02:49:09,880 --> 02:49:10,520 INVESTIGATION INCLUDE 4684 02:49:10,520 --> 02:49:11,680 MEASUREMENT AND MECHANISMS OF 4685 02:49:11,680 --> 02:49:14,880 STRESS AND IMPACT ON MENTAL 4686 02:49:14,880 --> 02:49:16,280 HEALTH ACROSS KEY POINTS IN THE 4687 02:49:16,280 --> 02:49:18,680 LIFE SPAN AND SHE IS CURRENTLY A 4688 02:49:18,680 --> 02:49:19,480 PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR FOR 4689 02:49:19,480 --> 02:49:22,080 SEVERAL PANDEMIC AND MENTAL 4690 02:49:22,080 --> 02:49:22,720 HEALTH STUDIES INCLUDING WOKNOW 4691 02:49:22,720 --> 02:49:24,240 THAT SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE 4692 02:49:24,240 --> 02:49:27,000 EXPERIENCES OF PREGNAPT AND POST 4693 02:49:27,000 --> 02:49:30,880 PART NUM WOMEN. 4694 02:49:30,880 --> 02:49:32,400 AS WELL AS MENTAL EXPHELGT WELL 4695 02:49:32,400 --> 02:49:37,320 BEING IN DIVERSE YOUNG ADULTS. 4696 02:49:37,320 --> 02:49:44,560 WE ALSO ARE--HAVE SADIYA KHAN, 4697 02:49:44,560 --> 02:49:46,720 CARDIOLOGIST AT NORTHWESTERN AND 4698 02:49:46,720 --> 02:49:49,000 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE HER RESEARCH 4699 02:49:49,000 --> 02:49:50,320 FOCUS OTS EPIDEMIOLOGY, GENETICS 4700 02:49:50,320 --> 02:49:51,760 AND HEART FAILURE WITH EMPHASIS 4701 02:49:51,760 --> 02:49:53,160 ON SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS AS WELL 4702 02:49:53,160 --> 02:49:55,040 ON THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC 4703 02:49:55,040 --> 02:50:00,280 VARIATION IN MAYBOR HOOD FACTORS 4704 02:50:00,280 --> 02:50:02,840 AND HEALTH DISPARITIES AND SHE 4705 02:50:02,840 --> 02:50:03,960 HAS AN EXTENSIVE PUBLICATION 4706 02:50:03,960 --> 02:50:07,360 RECORD AND IS HIGHY INVOLVED IN 4707 02:50:07,360 --> 02:50:08,280 HER FIELD. 4708 02:50:08,280 --> 02:50:09,560 AND FINALLY JOINED BY DR. PHIL 4709 02:50:09,560 --> 02:50:10,840 EPIGENETICS AND THEY'RE IN THE 4710 02:50:10,840 --> 02:50:12,680 MEDICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES AND 4711 02:50:12,680 --> 02:50:14,480 PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE AT 4712 02:50:14,480 --> 02:50:15,440 NORTHWESTERN AND HAS DEDICATED 4713 02:50:15,440 --> 02:50:17,760 HIS CAREER TO STUDIES THE 4714 02:50:17,760 --> 02:50:18,600 FACTORS THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY 4715 02:50:18,600 --> 02:50:20,600 IMPACT THE HEALTH OF MINORITIZED 4716 02:50:20,600 --> 02:50:20,880 INDIVIDUALS. 4717 02:50:20,880 --> 02:50:22,400 PARTICULARLY THOSE WHO ARE 4718 02:50:22,400 --> 02:50:24,640 SEXUAL AND/OR GENDER MINORITIES. 4719 02:50:24,640 --> 02:50:26,640 HE ALSO LEADS THE CHICAGO 4720 02:50:26,640 --> 02:50:31,600 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 4721 02:50:31,600 --> 02:50:32,120 FUNDED EVALUATION CENTER. 4722 02:50:32,120 --> 02:50:34,000 DR. PHIL EPIGENETICS IS 1 OF THE 4723 02:50:34,000 --> 02:50:35,240 LEADS OF STUDYING DISPORTIONATE 4724 02:50:35,240 --> 02:50:36,640 IMPACT ON SEX AND MINORITY 4725 02:50:36,640 --> 02:50:38,800 POPULATIONS AND HE USES A 4726 02:50:38,800 --> 02:50:39,840 COMMUNITY LED APPROACH FOR ALL 4727 02:50:39,840 --> 02:50:41,240 HIS WORK AND HAS STRONG 4728 02:50:41,240 --> 02:50:42,400 PARTNERSHIPS IN CHICAGO AND 4729 02:50:42,400 --> 02:50:42,920 BEYOND. 4730 02:50:42,920 --> 02:50:45,640 SO I AM DELIGHTED TO HAVE THESE 4731 02:50:45,640 --> 02:50:47,080 SPEAKERS HERE WITH US AND I 4732 02:50:47,080 --> 02:50:48,960 INVITED THISEM TO BE PART OF 4733 02:50:48,960 --> 02:50:50,080 THIS WORKSHOP BECAUSE MY GOAL 4734 02:50:50,080 --> 02:50:57,040 THROUGH THIS WORKSHOP IS TO 4735 02:50:57,040 --> 02:50:59,040 STORT OF STEP THROUGH IN 2 4736 02:50:59,040 --> 02:51:01,040 DIFFERENT WAYS FOR THEORIES OR 4737 02:51:01,040 --> 02:51:03,400 METHOD LOGICAL PRESENTATION AND 4738 02:51:03,400 --> 02:51:06,200 HELP TO START UNPACK THE SEX AND 4739 02:51:06,200 --> 02:51:08,160 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF 4740 02:51:08,160 --> 02:51:17,200 COVID OUTCOMES AND KRIOF THE 4741 02:51:17,200 --> 02:51:19,400 KNOW AND DR. KHAN WILL DO 4742 02:51:19,400 --> 02:51:23,880 SOMETHING SIMILAR IN TERMS OF 4743 02:51:23,880 --> 02:51:24,800 INTRODUCING INTERSECTIONAL 4744 02:51:24,800 --> 02:51:26,080 ANALYSIS ASK UNDERSTANDING HOW 4745 02:51:26,080 --> 02:51:27,800 GENDER AND RACE IMPACT BOTH 4746 02:51:27,800 --> 02:51:28,880 MENTAL HEALTH AND PHYSICAL 4747 02:51:28,880 --> 02:51:31,840 HEALTH IN COVID OUTCOMES AND 4748 02:51:31,840 --> 02:51:33,040 THEN DR. PHIL EPIGENETICS WILL 4749 02:51:33,040 --> 02:51:36,280 TALK TO US A BIT ABOUT GENDER 4750 02:51:36,280 --> 02:51:38,120 IDENTITY AND HOW WE CAN BETTER 4751 02:51:38,120 --> 02:51:39,440 CONSIDER SEX AND GENDER 4752 02:51:39,440 --> 02:51:40,400 MINORITIES IN OUR RESEARCH AND 4753 02:51:40,400 --> 02:51:42,800 WITH THAT, I AM GOING TO TURN 4754 02:51:42,800 --> 02:51:50,880 THIS OVER TO DR. SPRINGER. 4755 02:51:50,880 --> 02:51:52,680 >> CAN YOU SEE MY SCREEN? 4756 02:51:52,680 --> 02:51:53,160 ALL GOOD. 4757 02:51:53,160 --> 02:51:55,400 OKAY, FIRST I WANT TO THANK YOU 4758 02:51:55,400 --> 02:51:56,360 FOR--THANK EVERYBODY FOR 4759 02:51:56,360 --> 02:51:57,800 INVITING ME, THANK YOU FOR THE 4760 02:51:57,800 --> 02:51:58,480 WONDERFUL INTRODUCTION AND IT'S 4761 02:51:58,480 --> 02:52:04,520 A PLEASURE TO BE HERE WITH YOU 4762 02:52:04,520 --> 02:52:04,800 ALL TODAY. 4763 02:52:04,800 --> 02:52:06,800 SO AS HEATHER SAID I WILL DO A 4764 02:52:06,800 --> 02:52:08,360 THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION AND WE 4765 02:52:08,360 --> 02:52:09,640 WILL MOVE MORE INTO THE 4766 02:52:09,640 --> 02:52:10,840 DATABASE, THIS WILL HOPEFULLY 4767 02:52:10,840 --> 02:52:16,080 GIVE US GROUNDING IN TERMS OF 4768 02:52:16,080 --> 02:52:17,000 THINKING ABOUT INCORPORATING SEX 4769 02:52:17,000 --> 02:52:17,960 AND GENDER INTO THIS RESEARCH. 4770 02:52:17,960 --> 02:52:19,600 I HAVE NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 4771 02:52:19,600 --> 02:52:20,800 TO REPORT, SO THE WAY THAT I 4772 02:52:20,800 --> 02:52:22,320 VERMEN INFECTED THIS IS I'M 4773 02:52:22,320 --> 02:52:23,440 LOOKING AT, AND NOT JUST THE WAY 4774 02:52:23,440 --> 02:52:27,240 I DO IT BUT THE WAY THAT CURRENT 4775 02:52:27,240 --> 02:52:29,120 FEMINISTS THEORY AND KIND OF 4776 02:52:29,120 --> 02:52:30,000 SOCIOLOGICAL LOGICAL RESEARCH, 4777 02:52:30,000 --> 02:52:33,160 VIEW SEX AND GENDER IS A COMPLEX 4778 02:52:33,160 --> 02:52:34,480 PHENOMENON THAT IS 4779 02:52:34,480 --> 02:52:35,200 SIMULTANEOUSLY BIOLOGICAL AND 4780 02:52:35,200 --> 02:52:37,640 SOCIAL, SO WE HEARD EARLIER 4781 02:52:37,640 --> 02:52:38,280 THINKING ABOUT 4782 02:52:38,280 --> 02:52:39,040 INTERSECTIONALITY, WHETHER WHERE 4783 02:52:39,040 --> 02:52:41,480 YOU CAN THINK ABOUT RACE, CLASS, 4784 02:52:41,480 --> 02:52:42,800 GENDER TOGETHER, RIGHT? 4785 02:52:42,800 --> 02:52:44,200 WE CAN'T TEASE APART WHAT PART 4786 02:52:44,200 --> 02:52:45,240 OF SOMEONE'S EXPERIENCE OR WHAT 4787 02:52:45,240 --> 02:52:47,280 PART OF THEIR LIVED EXPERIENCE 4788 02:52:47,280 --> 02:52:48,080 AFFECTS HEALTH OUTCOMES BECAUSE 4789 02:52:48,080 --> 02:52:51,040 OF RACE OR BECAUSE OF GENDER OR 4790 02:52:51,040 --> 02:52:51,560 BECAUSE OF CLASS. 4791 02:52:51,560 --> 02:52:53,160 WHILE WE CAN THINK OF THAT THE 4792 02:52:53,160 --> 02:52:56,280 SAME WAY WITH THIS COMPLEX 4793 02:52:56,280 --> 02:52:57,800 PHENOMENON OF SEX GENDER SO 4794 02:52:57,800 --> 02:53:00,600 HOPEFULLY THROUGH THIS TALK AND 4795 02:53:00,600 --> 02:53:02,200 THROUGH OUR CONVERSATIONS, WE 4796 02:53:02,200 --> 02:53:03,320 WILL REALLY GRAPPLE WITH AND 4797 02:53:03,320 --> 02:53:05,080 EMBRACE THE IDEA THAT WE CAN'T 4798 02:53:05,080 --> 02:53:07,800 THINK ABOUT BIOLOGICAL FACTORS 4799 02:53:07,800 --> 02:53:08,440 AFFECTING COVID-19 OUTCOMES 4800 02:53:08,440 --> 02:53:10,400 WITHOUT THINK BEING HOW GENDER 4801 02:53:10,400 --> 02:53:14,440 IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF ALL OF 4802 02:53:14,440 --> 02:53:14,960 THOSE BIOLOGICAL FACTORS. 4803 02:53:14,960 --> 02:53:17,240 AND I'M GOING TO BE USING 4804 02:53:17,240 --> 02:53:20,920 COVID-19 MORTALITY AS AN EXAMPLE 4805 02:53:20,920 --> 02:53:21,240 THROUGHOUT. 4806 02:53:21,240 --> 02:53:23,120 SO WHEN I TALK ABOUT SEX GENDER 4807 02:53:23,120 --> 02:53:25,280 I WANT US TO THINK ABOUT THEM, 4808 02:53:25,280 --> 02:53:26,800 THEY'RE ENTANGLED RIGHT SO IF 4809 02:53:26,800 --> 02:53:28,120 THEY'RE ENTANGLED WE KNOW 4810 02:53:28,120 --> 02:53:29,080 THEY'RE ENTANGLED WE SHOULD 4811 02:53:29,080 --> 02:53:30,520 REALLY THINK ABOUT MODELING, 4812 02:53:30,520 --> 02:53:32,000 THEY--THE RISING AND ASSUMING 4813 02:53:32,000 --> 02:53:33,040 THAT UNTIL PROVEN OTHERWISE. 4814 02:53:33,040 --> 02:53:37,120 SO, YOU KNOW I WOULD ARGUE AND 4815 02:53:37,120 --> 02:53:37,760 CURRENT RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT 4816 02:53:37,760 --> 02:53:40,400 WE NEED TO BE THINKING ABOUT HOW 4817 02:53:40,400 --> 02:53:43,960 TO MODEL ALL OF THESE SOCIAL 4818 02:53:43,960 --> 02:53:44,640 STRUCTURAL INSTIEWGDZAL GENDERS 4819 02:53:44,640 --> 02:53:46,080 ALONG WITH THE BIOLOGICAL 4820 02:53:46,080 --> 02:53:47,120 FACTORS TOGETHER IN ORDER TO 4821 02:53:47,120 --> 02:53:50,040 PRODUCE THE BEST SCIENCE MUCH 4822 02:53:50,040 --> 02:53:52,800 KEY POINT OF THIS WORK AND THIS 4823 02:53:52,800 --> 02:53:55,280 TALK I'M GIVING IS ALSO THAT A 4824 02:53:55,280 --> 02:53:56,680 BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE DOES NOT 4825 02:53:56,680 --> 02:53:58,320 MEAN A BIOLOGICAL CAUSE. 4826 02:53:58,320 --> 02:53:58,880 SO SOMETHING THAT'S REALLY 4827 02:53:58,880 --> 02:54:00,120 IMPORTANT WHEN WE THINK ABOUT 4828 02:54:00,120 --> 02:54:00,920 HEGHT OUTCOMES THAT WE CAN 4829 02:54:00,920 --> 02:54:03,640 NOTICE THAT THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL 4830 02:54:03,640 --> 02:54:03,920 DIFFERENCES. 4831 02:54:03,920 --> 02:54:06,120 WE'VE HEARD OF A LOT OF MALE, 4832 02:54:06,120 --> 02:54:08,440 FEMALE DIFFERENCES THAT ARE 4833 02:54:08,440 --> 02:54:09,520 BIOLOGICALLY GROUND BUT THAT 4834 02:54:09,520 --> 02:54:10,360 DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN THAT 4835 02:54:10,360 --> 02:54:12,440 THOSE ARE CAUSED BY A BIOLOGICAL 4836 02:54:12,440 --> 02:54:15,080 FACTOR OR SOLELY BY A BIOLOGICAL 4837 02:54:15,080 --> 02:54:16,360 FACTOR SO THAT'S THE POINT WE'RE 4838 02:54:16,360 --> 02:54:17,880 GOING TO HANG ON TO WITH THIS 4839 02:54:17,880 --> 02:54:19,560 TALK AND ALSO THAT GENDERED 4840 02:54:19,560 --> 02:54:21,200 EFFECTS ARE PRESENT IN OUR WORK. 4841 02:54:21,200 --> 02:54:24,120 THEY REALLY ARE PRESENT IN 4842 02:54:24,120 --> 02:54:25,280 ALMOST ALL HEALTH WORK EVEN IF 4843 02:54:25,280 --> 02:54:28,360 WE CAN'T MEASURE IT. 4844 02:54:28,360 --> 02:54:29,480 AND SO I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT 4845 02:54:29,480 --> 02:54:31,520 FOR US TO THINK ABOUT WHAT'S 4846 02:54:31,520 --> 02:54:35,840 THERE, HOW THEY'RE THERE, AND 4847 02:54:35,840 --> 02:54:37,360 THINK ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON IF 4848 02:54:37,360 --> 02:54:38,200 WE CAN'T MEASURE IT. 4849 02:54:38,200 --> 02:54:42,920 SO HAVE YOU SEEN THIS FIGURE A 4850 02:54:42,920 --> 02:54:44,560 COUPLE TIMES NOW AND SO AGAIN, 4851 02:54:44,560 --> 02:54:48,240 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT COVID-19 4852 02:54:48,240 --> 02:54:49,720 MORTALITY AND THAT MEN HAVE 4853 02:54:49,720 --> 02:54:51,480 HIGHER RATES OF COVID-19 4854 02:54:51,480 --> 02:54:52,800 MORTALITY THAN WOMEN DO, RIGHT? 4855 02:54:52,800 --> 02:54:54,120 WE'VE SEEN THIS, WE KNOW THIS, 4856 02:54:54,120 --> 02:54:55,880 WE'VE HEARD ABOUT THIS AND 4857 02:54:55,880 --> 02:54:59,240 THERE'S CERTAINLY ARE BIOLOGICAL 4858 02:54:59,240 --> 02:55:00,360 TBACTORS AT PLAY. 4859 02:55:00,360 --> 02:55:01,680 BUT THERE ARE ALSO GENDERED 4860 02:55:01,680 --> 02:55:03,320 SOCIAL FACTORS THAT PLAY THAT 4861 02:55:03,320 --> 02:55:04,680 INTERSECT WITH THE BIOLOGICAL 4862 02:55:04,680 --> 02:55:06,600 FACTORS AND I KIENT KIND OF WANT 4863 02:55:06,600 --> 02:55:07,760 TO WALK THROUGH SOME EXAMPLES OF 4864 02:55:07,760 --> 02:55:10,120 HOW THAT MIGHT BE AND MOW WE CAN 4865 02:55:10,120 --> 02:55:11,760 THINK ABOUT INCORPORATING GENDER 4866 02:55:11,760 --> 02:55:13,240 INTO OUR MORE BIOLOGICAL MODELS 4867 02:55:13,240 --> 02:55:15,560 WE GO THROUGH WITH THIS WORK. 4868 02:55:15,560 --> 02:55:18,080 SO, 3 AREAS THAT WE CAN THINK 4869 02:55:18,080 --> 02:55:20,520 ABOUT IN TERMS OF GENDERED 4870 02:55:20,520 --> 02:55:22,240 FACTORS THAT INTERSECT WITH OUR 4871 02:55:22,240 --> 02:55:23,360 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THIS 4872 02:55:23,360 --> 02:55:26,400 RESEARCH, ARE HEALTH BEHAVIORS, 4873 02:55:26,400 --> 02:55:28,000 GENDER STRUCTURES AND GENDER 4874 02:55:28,000 --> 02:55:28,680 BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND I WILL 4875 02:55:28,680 --> 02:55:30,920 TALK ABOUT EACH OF THOSE IN 4876 02:55:30,920 --> 02:55:31,560 TURN. 4877 02:55:31,560 --> 02:55:32,440 SO HEALTH BEHAVIORS, I THINK 4878 02:55:32,440 --> 02:55:35,840 THIS IS KIND OF THE EASIEST TO 4879 02:55:35,840 --> 02:55:37,120 GRASP, EASIEST TO UNDERSTAND 4880 02:55:37,120 --> 02:55:37,480 FACTOR, RIGHT? 4881 02:55:37,480 --> 02:55:38,920 SO WE KNOW THAT WOMEN ARE MORE 4882 02:55:38,920 --> 02:55:40,800 LIKELY TO WEAR MASKS, MORE 4883 02:55:40,800 --> 02:55:42,480 LIKELY TO WASH THEIR HANDS, MORE 4884 02:55:42,480 --> 02:55:44,680 LIKELY TO COMPLY WITH PUBLIC 4885 02:55:44,680 --> 02:55:46,760 HEALTH ADVICE, MORE LIKELY TO 4886 02:55:46,760 --> 02:55:48,320 GET ROUTINE TESTING, RIGHT? 4887 02:55:48,320 --> 02:55:50,200 SO THIS GENDERED FACTOR IN TERMS 4888 02:55:50,200 --> 02:55:52,760 OF HOW,--IN TERMS OF COVID-19 4889 02:55:52,760 --> 02:55:53,720 MORTALITY APPROXIMATE AND IN 4890 02:55:53,720 --> 02:55:55,240 TERMS OF FACT THAT MEN HAVE 4891 02:55:55,240 --> 02:55:57,360 HIGHER RATES OF COVID-19 4892 02:55:57,360 --> 02:55:59,400 MORTALITY IS PRETTY EASY TO 4893 02:55:59,400 --> 02:56:00,440 GRASP AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND SO 4894 02:56:00,440 --> 02:56:02,240 WE START WITH THAT IN EMERGINGS 4895 02:56:02,240 --> 02:56:04,600 OF THINK BEING HOW GENDER MAKES 4896 02:56:04,600 --> 02:56:04,840 AN IMPACT. 4897 02:56:04,840 --> 02:56:08,160 BUT GENDER IS NOT JUST INVOLVED 4898 02:56:08,160 --> 02:56:09,600 IN COVID-19 MORTALITY THROUGH 4899 02:56:09,600 --> 02:56:10,520 HEALTH BEHAVIORS, RIGHT? 4900 02:56:10,520 --> 02:56:13,200 WE CAN THINK ABOUT GENDER 4901 02:56:13,200 --> 02:56:13,920 IMPACTING COVID-19 MORTALITY 4902 02:56:13,920 --> 02:56:16,320 THROUGH WHAT I'M REFERRING TO 4903 02:56:16,320 --> 02:56:17,560 HERE AS GENDER LATE STRUCTURES 4904 02:56:17,560 --> 02:56:18,920 SO LET'S TAKE A MINUTE TO THINK 4905 02:56:18,920 --> 02:56:19,760 ABOUT IT. 4906 02:56:19,760 --> 02:56:22,760 SO WE KNOW THAT IN HEALTHCARE, 4907 02:56:22,760 --> 02:56:23,440 SUPPORTIVE OCCUPATIONS, WE KNOW 4908 02:56:23,440 --> 02:56:25,200 THOSE ARE HIGH RISK FOR 4909 02:56:25,200 --> 02:56:25,480 COVID-19. 4910 02:56:25,480 --> 02:56:29,240 BUT WHAT WE ALSO KNOW IS THAT 4911 02:56:29,240 --> 02:56:30,440 APART FROM HEALTHCARE SUPPORT 4912 02:56:30,440 --> 02:56:31,720 PHYSICIANINGS, MEN ARE THE 4913 02:56:31,720 --> 02:56:33,000 MAJORITY OF THE LABOR FORCE AND 4914 02:56:33,000 --> 02:56:35,040 PROFESSIONALS WITH HIGH RISK OF 4915 02:56:35,040 --> 02:56:35,560 COVID-19 MORTALITY. 4916 02:56:35,560 --> 02:56:35,760 RIGHT? 4917 02:56:35,760 --> 02:56:37,440 SO HERE WE HAVE A GENDERED 4918 02:56:37,440 --> 02:56:39,280 FACTOR, WE HAVE A GENDERED 4919 02:56:39,280 --> 02:56:41,080 FACTOR OF DIFFERENT YALE 4920 02:56:41,080 --> 02:56:43,800 WORKPLACE POSITIONS OF MEN BEING 4921 02:56:43,800 --> 02:56:45,080 IN HIGHER PERCENTAGES OF CERTAIN 4922 02:56:45,080 --> 02:56:48,640 JOBS THAT HAVE HIGHER RATES OF 4923 02:56:48,640 --> 02:56:49,280 COVID-19 MORTALITY RISK. 4924 02:56:49,280 --> 02:56:51,200 WE'VE ALL HEARD ABOUT THE 4925 02:56:51,200 --> 02:56:55,000 OUTBREAKS IN MEET PACKING 4926 02:56:55,000 --> 02:56:59,240 PLANTS, MAINTENANCE WORKERS THAT 4927 02:56:59,240 --> 02:57:00,400 ARE PREDOMINANTLY MAIL, HAD TO 4928 02:57:00,400 --> 02:57:01,600 GO INTO THEIR OCCUPATION AND 4929 02:57:01,600 --> 02:57:02,960 COULD NOT WORK REMOTELY. 4930 02:57:02,960 --> 02:57:04,800 WE THINK ABOUT GENDER AS A 4931 02:57:04,800 --> 02:57:07,480 STRUCTURE, WAY OF RGINIZINGING 4932 02:57:07,480 --> 02:57:08,200 OCCUPATIONS, GENDER VERVIDS 4933 02:57:08,200 --> 02:57:10,160 NONAPOPTOTIC THE JUST 4934 02:57:10,160 --> 02:57:12,320 INDIVIDUAL'S IDENTITY OR THEIR 4935 02:57:12,320 --> 02:57:13,480 EXPRESSION BUT IT'S RELATED TO 4936 02:57:13,480 --> 02:57:15,040 THESE OCCUPATIONS IN A WAY THAT 4937 02:57:15,040 --> 02:57:19,920 CAUSES OR THAT IS RELATED TO 4938 02:57:19,920 --> 02:57:21,040 COVID-19 MORTALITY. 4939 02:57:21,040 --> 02:57:22,440 ALSO ENCORSERATION AND 4940 02:57:22,440 --> 02:57:24,000 HOMELESSNESS, SO WE KNOW THAT 4941 02:57:24,000 --> 02:57:27,280 MORE MEN ARE INCARCERATED, 4942 02:57:27,280 --> 02:57:28,000 HOMELESSNESS AND GREATER AMONG 4943 02:57:28,000 --> 02:57:30,520 MEN AND THOSE AREAS HAVE HIGH 4944 02:57:30,520 --> 02:57:32,360 RISK COVID-19 AND COVID-19 4945 02:57:32,360 --> 02:57:33,520 MORTALITY, RIGHT? 4946 02:57:33,520 --> 02:57:36,440 SO THAT INTERSECTION OF THESE 4947 02:57:36,440 --> 02:57:37,040 GENDERED STRUCTURES, 4948 02:57:37,040 --> 02:57:38,560 INTERSECTING WITH THE BIOLOGICAL 4949 02:57:38,560 --> 02:57:39,840 FACTOR THAT LEAD TO MEN TO HAVE 4950 02:57:39,840 --> 02:57:45,280 A HIGH RATE OF COVID-19 4951 02:57:45,280 --> 02:57:45,640 MORTALITY. 4952 02:57:45,640 --> 02:57:48,280 SO WHAT ABOUT MORE OF THE 4953 02:57:48,280 --> 02:57:48,760 BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS. 4954 02:57:48,760 --> 02:57:50,160 HOW MIGHT WE SEE THE SOCIAL 4955 02:57:50,160 --> 02:57:53,840 FACTORS THAT ARE UNDERLYING 4956 02:57:53,840 --> 02:57:54,400 THESE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS. 4957 02:57:54,400 --> 02:57:55,640 SO I'LL JUST TAKE 1 EXAMPLE HERE 4958 02:57:55,640 --> 02:57:56,520 TO WALK US THROUGH. 4959 02:57:56,520 --> 02:57:58,840 SO WE KNOW THAT MEN HAVE HIGHER 4960 02:57:58,840 --> 02:58:00,800 LEVELS OF HEALTH CONDITIONS THAT 4961 02:58:00,800 --> 02:58:02,960 ARE CO-MORBIDITIES FOR COVID-19 4962 02:58:02,960 --> 02:58:06,640 PORTALLITY SO FOR EXAMPLE 4963 02:58:06,640 --> 02:58:07,400 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 4964 02:58:07,400 --> 02:58:09,200 AND 1 ASPECT OF THAT AND YOU ALL 4965 02:58:09,200 --> 02:58:11,600 ARE MUCH MORE OF AN EXPERT ON 4966 02:58:11,600 --> 02:58:12,880 THE BIOMEDICINE OF THIS THAN I 4967 02:58:12,880 --> 02:58:14,080 AM. 4968 02:58:14,080 --> 02:58:15,680 SO YOU CERTAIN LE KNOW, THAT 4969 02:58:15,680 --> 02:58:17,160 THERE ARE CERTAIN MANY 4970 02:58:17,160 --> 02:58:19,360 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT LEAD TO 4971 02:58:19,360 --> 02:58:20,160 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND THAT 4972 02:58:20,160 --> 02:58:21,720 ARE ASSOCIATE WIDE MEN HAVING 4973 02:58:21,720 --> 02:58:23,760 HIGHER RATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR 4974 02:58:23,760 --> 02:58:24,880 DISEASE. 4975 02:58:24,880 --> 02:58:29,040 ONE BEING HIGH CHOLESTEROL AND 4976 02:58:29,040 --> 02:58:30,520 CENTRAL ATAPPOSSITY, OF COURSE, 4977 02:58:30,520 --> 02:58:32,560 OF COURSE THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL 4978 02:58:32,560 --> 02:58:33,960 MECHANISMS AT PLAY IN THIS. 4979 02:58:33,960 --> 02:58:35,160 YOU WILL KNOW MORE THAN I WILL 4980 02:58:35,160 --> 02:58:37,520 BUT JUST FOR EXAMPLE, FAT AND 4981 02:58:37,520 --> 02:58:38,000 CHOLESTEROLLOR PROCESSED 4982 02:58:38,000 --> 02:58:39,360 DIFFERENTLY FOR MALES AND 4983 02:58:39,360 --> 02:58:43,920 FEMALES ARE ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS 4984 02:58:43,920 --> 02:58:47,120 THAT HIGHER LEVELS OF 4985 02:58:47,120 --> 02:58:48,840 TESTOSTERONE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH 4986 02:58:48,840 --> 02:58:50,840 HIGH LEVELS OF HLD CHOLESTEROL, 4987 02:58:50,840 --> 02:58:53,400 SO THERE ARE BIOLOGICAL FACTORS 4988 02:58:53,400 --> 02:58:55,280 AT PLAY THAT LEAD TO THIS, THAT 4989 02:58:55,280 --> 02:58:58,440 ARE ASSOCIATEDES WITH HIGHE 4990 02:58:58,440 --> 02:58:59,760 OF COVID MORTALITY WHICH LEADS 4991 02:58:59,760 --> 02:59:02,480 TO HIGHER RATES OF MORTALITY FOR 4992 02:59:02,480 --> 02:59:02,720 MEN. 4993 02:59:02,720 --> 02:59:04,360 ABOUT YOU WHAT WHAT ABOUT SOCIAL 4994 02:59:04,360 --> 02:59:06,000 FACTORS, LET'S TAKE A STEP BACK, 4995 02:59:06,000 --> 02:59:06,200 RIGHT? 4996 02:59:06,200 --> 02:59:08,600 SO THERE ARE SOCIAL FACTORS AT 4997 02:59:08,600 --> 02:59:10,760 PLAY THAT LEAD THORS THESE 4998 02:59:10,760 --> 02:59:11,400 DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 4999 02:59:11,400 --> 02:59:14,680 ASSOCIATE WIDE HIGHER RATES OF 5000 02:59:14,680 --> 02:59:15,640 COVID-19 MORTALITY FOR MEN. 5001 02:59:15,640 --> 02:59:17,400 SO FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE THE 5002 02:59:17,400 --> 02:59:19,800 NORMATIVE IDEAS OF MEN AS STRONG 5003 02:59:19,800 --> 02:59:22,480 AND BIG VERSUS WOMEN AS SLENDER 5004 02:59:22,480 --> 02:59:23,080 AND DELICATE. 5005 02:59:23,080 --> 02:59:25,640 SO THESE NORMATIVE IDEAS OF MENS 5006 02:59:25,640 --> 02:59:27,520 AND WOMEN BODIES EAT MORE AND 5007 02:59:27,520 --> 02:59:29,080 EAT HIGHER FAT FOODS WHICH IS 5008 02:59:29,080 --> 02:59:31,800 ASSOCIATE WIDE HIGHER 5009 02:59:31,800 --> 02:59:36,280 CHOLESTEROL, MORE CENTRAL 5010 02:59:36,280 --> 02:59:42,360 ATAPPOSSITY, GREATER CVD, 5011 02:59:42,360 --> 02:59:43,560 GREATER MORTALITY RATES. 5012 02:59:43,560 --> 02:59:45,640 AND ALSO WHEN RESOURCES ARE 5013 02:59:45,640 --> 02:59:48,240 LIMITED MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO 5014 02:59:48,240 --> 02:59:50,600 RECEIVE THE RICHEST AND MOST 5015 02:59:50,600 --> 02:59:51,120 UNHEALTHY MEET. 5016 02:59:51,120 --> 02:59:56,320 SO GENDERED STRUCTURES THAT LEAD 5017 02:59:56,320 --> 02:59:57,480 TO DIFFERENCES IN BIOLOGICAL 5018 02:59:57,480 --> 03:00:00,120 PROCESSES THAT ARE ASSOCIATE 5019 03:00:00,120 --> 03:00:01,320 WIDE COVID-19 MORTALITY RATES 5020 03:00:01,320 --> 03:00:08,120 THAT ARE HIGHER FOR MEN VERSUS 5021 03:00:08,120 --> 03:00:08,360 WOMEN. 5022 03:00:08,360 --> 03:00:09,680 SO WHERE DOES THIS LEAVE US? 5023 03:00:09,680 --> 03:00:11,920 IN IS A SYMPOSIUM ON SEX AND 5024 03:00:11,920 --> 03:00:13,920 GENDER, NOT JUST SEX OR GENDER, 5025 03:00:13,920 --> 03:00:15,320 BUT SEX GENDER TOGETHER. 5026 03:00:15,320 --> 03:00:15,560 SO RIGHT? 5027 03:00:15,560 --> 03:00:17,560 SO THERE ARE AT LEAST 3 WAYS 5028 03:00:17,560 --> 03:00:17,800 FORWARD. 5029 03:00:17,800 --> 03:00:23,680 A LOT OF WHAT IS DONE ON 5030 03:00:23,680 --> 03:00:25,680 RESEARCH LOOKING AT SEX GENDER 5031 03:00:25,680 --> 03:00:28,560 AND HEALTH OUTCOMES, JUST ANY 5032 03:00:28,560 --> 03:00:30,640 MALE/FEMALE DIFFERENCE AND YOU 5033 03:00:30,640 --> 03:00:32,440 ASSUME IT'S RELATED TO A 5034 03:00:32,440 --> 03:00:33,920 BIOLOGICAL CAUSE, IT'S NOT 5035 03:00:33,920 --> 03:00:34,640 INFORMATIVE, NOT THE BEST 5036 03:00:34,640 --> 03:00:36,640 SCIENCE AND DOESN'T HELP US WITH 5037 03:00:36,640 --> 03:00:37,000 INTERVENTIONS. 5038 03:00:37,000 --> 03:00:38,720 ANOTHER THING THAT IS OFTEN DONE 5039 03:00:38,720 --> 03:00:42,400 IS THAT PEOPLE WILL ONLY TEST 5040 03:00:42,400 --> 03:00:43,200 PARTICULAR BIOLOGICAL CAUSES AND 5041 03:00:43,200 --> 03:00:46,360 DON'T THINK ABOUT THE GENDERED 5042 03:00:46,360 --> 03:00:47,240 MECHANISMS, AGAIN THAT'S 5043 03:00:47,240 --> 03:00:47,960 INSUFFICIENT SCIENCE. 5044 03:00:47,960 --> 03:00:49,040 NOT THE WHOLE COMPREHENSIVE IDEA 5045 03:00:49,040 --> 03:00:51,320 OF WHAT'S GOING ON. 5046 03:00:51,320 --> 03:00:52,480 WHAT I WOULD CHALLENGE PEOPLE TO 5047 03:00:52,480 --> 03:00:54,360 DO, WHAT I REALLY THINK THAT WE 5048 03:00:54,360 --> 03:00:56,600 NEED TO WORK TOGETHER AS KIND OF 5049 03:00:56,600 --> 03:00:59,440 CROSS DISCIPLINARY TEAMS TO GET 5050 03:00:59,440 --> 03:01:04,040 THE BEST SCIENCE IS TO PRESUME, 5051 03:01:04,040 --> 03:01:05,800 EXPLORE ASSESS AND MODEL SEX 5052 03:01:05,800 --> 03:01:07,200 GENDER FACTORS TOGETHER THAT 5053 03:01:07,200 --> 03:01:08,360 MIGHT SHAPE HUMAN HEALTH 5054 03:01:08,360 --> 03:01:08,640 OUTCOMES. 5055 03:01:08,640 --> 03:01:13,120 THIS IS BEST PRACTICE, IT'S BEST 5056 03:01:13,120 --> 03:01:15,080 SCIENCE, IT LEADS THE MOST 5057 03:01:15,080 --> 03:01:15,960 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERVENTIONS, 5058 03:01:15,960 --> 03:01:17,240 IN TERMS OF BIOLOGICAL 5059 03:01:17,240 --> 03:01:18,920 MECHANISMS BUT ALSO IN TERMS OF 5060 03:01:18,920 --> 03:01:22,320 SOCIAL FACTORS THAT WILL SHAPE 5061 03:01:22,320 --> 03:01:24,080 THE HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT WE'RE 5062 03:01:24,080 --> 03:01:24,560 INTERESTED IN. 5063 03:01:24,560 --> 03:01:26,200 SO I WOULD REALLY HOPE WE CAN IN 5064 03:01:26,200 --> 03:01:27,840 THE DISCUSSION TALK ABOUT HOW TO 5065 03:01:27,840 --> 03:01:31,880 DO MORE OF THESE--THIS KIND OF 5066 03:01:31,880 --> 03:01:33,200 MORPHFUL AND ACCURATE STRATEGY. 5067 03:01:33,200 --> 03:01:35,240 I ALSO WANT TO SAY IN HERE 1 5068 03:01:35,240 --> 03:01:36,320 THING WHAT WE'VE BEEN THINKING 5069 03:01:36,320 --> 03:01:37,760 ABOUT ON THESE GREAT 5070 03:01:37,760 --> 03:01:40,800 PRESENTATION SYSTEM A REMINDER 5071 03:01:40,800 --> 03:01:43,240 THAT TO DO INTERESTING AND 5072 03:01:43,240 --> 03:01:44,000 IMPORTANT SEX JEBDER RESEARCH, 5073 03:01:44,000 --> 03:01:45,400 YOU DON'T HAVE TO COMPARE MEN 5074 03:01:45,400 --> 03:01:46,680 AND WOMEN, THERE'S SO MUCH 5075 03:01:46,680 --> 03:01:51,080 GENDER AND SO MUCH BIOLOGICAL 5076 03:01:51,080 --> 03:01:52,120 SECTION AND SEX GENDER THAT 5077 03:01:52,120 --> 03:01:53,320 HAPPENS WHEN YOU'RE LOOKING 5078 03:01:53,320 --> 03:01:54,800 WITHIN MEN OR WOMEN AND PEOPLE 5079 03:01:54,800 --> 03:01:56,960 IN THOSE WHO DON'T IDENTIFY IN 5080 03:01:56,960 --> 03:01:58,760 THOSE BINARYS, IT'S NOT ON HERE 5081 03:01:58,760 --> 03:02:00,080 BUT IT'S SOMETHING I WOULD PUSH 5082 03:02:00,080 --> 03:02:00,720 US TO THINK ABOUT. 5083 03:02:00,720 --> 03:02:11,200 THAT IS THE END OF MY TALK. 5084 03:02:11,920 --> 03:02:13,560 THANK YOU. 5085 03:02:13,560 --> 03:02:17,680 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH CHRISTEN. 5086 03:02:17,680 --> 03:02:19,720 AND THEN I HAVE THE NEXT TALK. 5087 03:02:19,720 --> 03:02:21,080 WERE WE DOING QUESTIONS RIGHT 5088 03:02:21,080 --> 03:02:27,240 AFTER THE TALKS, I CAN'T 5089 03:02:27,240 --> 03:02:27,760 REMEMBER RIGHT NOW. 5090 03:02:27,760 --> 03:02:28,760 >> WE WILL HAVE DISCUSSIONS 5091 03:02:28,760 --> 03:02:30,640 AFTER ALL OUR TALKS. 5092 03:02:30,640 --> 03:02:41,200 >> OKAY, THEN I WILL MOVE INTO 5093 03:02:42,040 --> 03:02:42,320 MY TALK. 5094 03:02:42,320 --> 03:02:43,680 OKAY SO YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO 5095 03:02:43,680 --> 03:02:50,480 SEE JUST MY SLIDES AND THAT 5096 03:02:50,480 --> 03:02:52,720 WOULD BE 3, 1, AND HI, 5097 03:02:52,720 --> 03:02:54,640 EVERYBODY, THANKS SO MUCH TO 5098 03:02:54,640 --> 03:02:56,960 ORGANIZERS FOR INVITING MOOY AND 5099 03:02:56,960 --> 03:02:58,040 PREPARING THIS WORKSHOP, I'M 5100 03:02:58,040 --> 03:03:00,280 TRAINED AS A HUMAN BIOLOGIST BUT 5101 03:03:00,280 --> 03:03:01,560 I'M AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF 5102 03:03:01,560 --> 03:03:03,360 WOMEN AND GENDER STUDIES AT THE 5103 03:03:03,360 --> 03:03:04,560 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MAIN AS 5104 03:03:04,560 --> 03:03:06,280 WELL AS CONFOUNDER AND ASSISTANT 5105 03:03:06,280 --> 03:03:09,800 DIRECTOR OF THE HARVARD LAB. 5106 03:03:09,800 --> 03:03:12,040 TODAY I WILL BE USING WORK IN MY 5107 03:03:12,040 --> 03:03:15,720 LAB, IN RELATION TO THE COVID-19 5108 03:03:15,720 --> 03:03:17,360 PANDEMIC TO ILLUSTRATE LARGER 5109 03:03:17,360 --> 03:03:22,840 POINTS ABOUT HUMAN HEALTH AND 5110 03:03:22,840 --> 03:03:23,400 BIOLOGY. 5111 03:03:23,400 --> 03:03:24,480 SO DR. SPRINGER INTRODUCED AND 5112 03:03:24,480 --> 03:03:27,240 WE HAD EARLIER SPEAKERS THAT 5113 03:03:27,240 --> 03:03:29,000 ALSO TALKED ABOUT PRETTY 5114 03:03:29,000 --> 03:03:30,600 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AROUND SEX 5115 03:03:30,600 --> 03:03:32,040 AND GENDER AND IN DOING SO, 5116 03:03:32,040 --> 03:03:33,440 THEY'RE DOING WORK FROM THE 5117 03:03:33,440 --> 03:03:34,760 GENDER SIDE LAB, SO HERE I WOULD 5118 03:03:34,760 --> 03:03:36,360 LIKE TO CONTINUE EXPANDING ON 5119 03:03:36,360 --> 03:03:37,760 THOSE CONCEPTS AND WALK THROUGH 5120 03:03:37,760 --> 03:03:40,360 SOME OF THE DATA THAT THE LAB 5121 03:03:40,360 --> 03:03:41,840 GATHERED CONCERNS SEX GENDER AND 5122 03:03:41,840 --> 03:03:42,120 COVID-19. 5123 03:03:42,120 --> 03:03:44,000 SO FIRST I WOULD LIKE TO TELL 5124 03:03:44,000 --> 03:03:45,600 YOU ABOUT THE LAB BECAUSE IT 5125 03:03:45,600 --> 03:03:46,920 HELPS TO FRAME OUR COVID-19 5126 03:03:46,920 --> 03:03:50,240 WORK, WE WERE FORM INDEED 2018 5127 03:03:50,240 --> 03:03:52,120 BASED OUT OF A 10 YEAR 5128 03:03:52,120 --> 03:03:52,720 COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP 5129 03:03:52,720 --> 03:03:54,280 BETWEEN MYSELF AND 2 OTHER 5130 03:03:54,280 --> 03:03:55,320 PROFESSORS SPANNING DISCIPLINES 5131 03:03:55,320 --> 03:03:57,440 AND OUR LAB PRIMARILY FOCUSES ON 5132 03:03:57,440 --> 03:03:58,880 UNDERSTANDING HOW GENDER SEX IS 5133 03:03:58,880 --> 03:04:02,520 MODELED IN THE BIOSCIENCES. 5134 03:04:02,520 --> 03:04:03,880 FROM BOTH A METHLOGICAL 5135 03:04:03,880 --> 03:04:05,920 PERSPECTIVE AND OUR LAB IS ISHT 5136 03:04:05,920 --> 03:04:08,760 DISCIPLINARY, WE HAVE HISTORIANS 5137 03:04:08,760 --> 03:04:10,320 OF SCIENCE, EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, 5138 03:04:10,320 --> 03:04:11,040 PHILOSOPHERS, BIOLOGIST AND 5139 03:04:11,040 --> 03:04:13,560 OTHERS WORKING SIDE BY SIDE TO 5140 03:04:13,560 --> 03:04:15,400 UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTUALIZATION 5141 03:04:15,400 --> 03:04:16,800 AND OPERATIONALIZATION OF JEBDER 5142 03:04:16,800 --> 03:04:19,200 SEX IN REALLY DIVERSE DOMAINS 5143 03:04:19,200 --> 03:04:27,680 FROM ALZHEIMERS TO COVID-19 AND 5144 03:04:27,680 --> 03:04:28,480 ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS. 5145 03:04:28,480 --> 03:04:29,840 EARLIER IN THE PANDEMIC THAT 5146 03:04:29,840 --> 03:04:35,760 HAVE BEEN WELL DISCUSSED HERE, 5147 03:04:35,760 --> 03:04:46,280 WE TRACKED IT IN THE STATES WE 5148 03:04:47,360 --> 03:04:48,360 AGGREGATED THE DATA AND BREAK 5149 03:04:48,360 --> 03:04:49,840 DOWN BY STATES IN THE U.S., WE 5150 03:04:49,840 --> 03:04:51,800 MADE THESE AVAILABLE AND 5151 03:04:51,800 --> 03:04:53,400 CONTEXTUALIZED WE OFFERED 5152 03:04:53,400 --> 03:04:54,880 FIGURES AND CHARTS IN RELATION 5153 03:04:54,880 --> 03:04:56,000 TO POPULATION SIZE AND AGE 5154 03:04:56,000 --> 03:04:56,240 STRUCTURE. 5155 03:04:56,240 --> 03:04:57,760 IN THE EARLY DAYS OF THE 5156 03:04:57,760 --> 03:04:59,600 PANDEMIC, IT WAS CLEAR THE SEX 5157 03:04:59,600 --> 03:05:02,480 DIFFERENCE WAS FAR FROM STRAIGHT 5158 03:05:02,480 --> 03:05:03,080 FORWARD. 5159 03:05:03,080 --> 03:05:05,440 THE MALE-FEMALE MORTALITY RATIO 5160 03:05:05,440 --> 03:05:09,840 VARIED WIDELY ACROSS STATES AND 5161 03:05:09,840 --> 03:05:10,320 TIME. 5162 03:05:10,320 --> 03:05:12,720 IN BECAME APPARENT THAT SOCIAL 5163 03:05:12,720 --> 03:05:14,520 GROUPS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, 5164 03:05:14,520 --> 03:05:15,360 LATINOS, NATIVE AMERICANS WERE 5165 03:05:15,360 --> 03:05:18,600 BEING HIT HARD BY THE PANDEMIC. 5166 03:05:18,600 --> 03:05:19,360 TO UNDERSTAND THESE DISPARITIES 5167 03:05:19,360 --> 03:05:21,320 OUR GROUP QUESTIONED HOW THE SEX 5168 03:05:21,320 --> 03:05:23,160 DIFFERENCE IN MORTALITY VARIED 5169 03:05:23,160 --> 03:05:25,000 ACROSS RACIAL GROUPINGS IN THE 5170 03:05:25,000 --> 03:05:27,240 U.S., WE LIAISON POGHTICIZE IF 5171 03:05:27,240 --> 03:05:28,760 THERE'S STRONG SEX DRIVEN, TO 5172 03:05:28,760 --> 03:05:30,040 THE APPARENT SEX DISPARITY, THEN 5173 03:05:30,040 --> 03:05:32,040 THERE SHOULD BE RELATIVELY 5174 03:05:32,040 --> 03:05:33,960 SIMILAR SEX DIFFERENCES ACROSS 5175 03:05:33,960 --> 03:05:34,480 SOCIAL GROUPS. 5176 03:05:34,480 --> 03:05:35,760 CONVERSELY IF THE REASON FOR THE 5177 03:05:35,760 --> 03:05:37,960 SEX DIFFERENCE IS LARGELY DUE TO 5178 03:05:37,960 --> 03:05:38,680 SOCIAL FACTORS WE WOULD EXPECT 5179 03:05:38,680 --> 03:05:40,680 TO SEE A LOT OF VARIATION IN THE 5180 03:05:40,680 --> 03:05:44,760 SEX DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIAL 5181 03:05:44,760 --> 03:05:45,160 GROUPS. 5182 03:05:45,160 --> 03:05:47,720 BASED ON RESULTS OF OF OTHER 5183 03:05:47,720 --> 03:05:48,640 RESEARCHERS WE EXPECTED PLAQUE 5184 03:05:48,640 --> 03:05:50,160 AMERICANS WOULD HAVE HIGHER 5185 03:05:50,160 --> 03:05:51,360 MORTALITY THAN WHITE AMERICANS 5186 03:05:51,360 --> 03:05:57,400 BUT WE DID NOT KNOW WHAT 5187 03:05:57,400 --> 03:06:01,040 MORTALITY RATES WOULD SHOW. 5188 03:06:01,040 --> 03:06:04,720 SO I THINK YOU CAN SEE MY HOUSE 5189 03:06:04,720 --> 03:06:06,640 HERE, HERE'S ASIAN AND PI, 5190 03:06:06,640 --> 03:06:08,600 HERE'S BLACK, WHITE, 5191 03:06:08,600 --> 03:06:09,480 INDIVIDUALS, IN GEORGIA AND 5192 03:06:09,480 --> 03:06:10,400 MICHIGAN WHICH ARE THE ONLY 5193 03:06:10,400 --> 03:06:12,800 STATES THAT WERE OFFERING RACE 5194 03:06:12,800 --> 03:06:15,120 AND SEX AND AGE DATA AT THIS 5195 03:06:15,120 --> 03:06:18,400 TIME FOR COVID MORTALITY. 5196 03:06:18,400 --> 03:06:20,440 SO WE FIND THAT PLAQUE MEN HAD 5197 03:06:20,440 --> 03:06:21,720 MUCH HIGHER MORTALITY RATES THAN 5198 03:06:21,720 --> 03:06:24,040 OTHER RACE OR SEX GROUPS 5199 03:06:24,040 --> 03:06:25,920 REVELING A PARTICULARLY 5200 03:06:25,920 --> 03:06:26,480 VULNERABLE SUBGROUP, BUT 5201 03:06:26,480 --> 03:06:29,040 CONTRARY TO THE COMMON STORY OF 5202 03:06:29,040 --> 03:06:31,000 MEN AS UNIQUELY VULNERABLE, 5203 03:06:31,000 --> 03:06:33,240 BLACK WOMEN, SO THE DARKER BAR 5204 03:06:33,240 --> 03:06:34,760 HERE, AND HERE, COMPARED TO 5205 03:06:34,760 --> 03:06:37,280 WHITE AND ASIAN WOMEN, HAD 3 TO 5206 03:06:37,280 --> 03:06:39,520 4 TIMES THE MORTALITY RATE OF 5207 03:06:39,520 --> 03:06:43,320 WHITE MEN OR ASIAN PACIFIC 5208 03:06:43,320 --> 03:06:43,720 ISLANDER MEN. 5209 03:06:43,720 --> 03:06:45,640 WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE SEX 5210 03:06:45,640 --> 03:06:47,600 DISPARITY AND MORTALITY VARIED 5211 03:06:47,600 --> 03:06:48,920 WIDELY BETWEEN RACIAL GROUPS. 5212 03:06:48,920 --> 03:06:52,480 SO THE RELATIVE, THE MORTALITY 5213 03:06:52,480 --> 03:06:53,720 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLACK MEN AND 5214 03:06:53,720 --> 03:06:55,080 WOMEN WAS LARGE E-PRESCRIBING 5215 03:06:55,080 --> 03:06:56,200 THAN THE CORRESPONDING DISPARITY 5216 03:06:56,200 --> 03:06:58,280 BETWEEN WHITE MEN AND WOMEN, OR 5217 03:06:58,280 --> 03:07:01,120 AMONG ASIAN AND INTASK ISLANDER 5218 03:07:01,120 --> 03:07:01,880 MEN AND WOMEN. 5219 03:07:01,880 --> 03:07:04,080 ARK DITIONALLY AND THIS GOES TO 5220 03:07:04,080 --> 03:07:05,680 DR. SPRINGER'S POINT AROUND 5221 03:07:05,680 --> 03:07:07,920 VARIATION WITHIN 6, OUR ANALYSIS 5222 03:07:07,920 --> 03:07:09,960 REVEALED SIGNATURES NICHE CANT 5223 03:07:09,960 --> 03:07:12,360 RACIAL DISPARITIES WITHIN SEX, 5224 03:07:12,360 --> 03:07:13,840 SO FOR INSTANCE THE DIFFERENCE 5225 03:07:13,840 --> 03:07:15,600 IN PORTALLITY IN BLACK AND WHITE 5226 03:07:15,600 --> 03:07:17,280 WOMEN WAS ALMOST 4 TIMES GREATER 5227 03:07:17,280 --> 03:07:19,400 THAN THE SEX DISPARITY BETWEEN 5228 03:07:19,400 --> 03:07:29,840 WHITE MEN AND WHITE WOMEN. 5229 03:07:32,760 --> 03:07:34,440 --GAVE EVIDENCE THAT WHILE THERE 5230 03:07:34,440 --> 03:07:36,480 I MA BE INDEED LINK TO SEX IN 5231 03:07:36,480 --> 03:07:38,240 DIGS PARITY, SOCIAL AND 5232 03:07:38,240 --> 03:07:48,800 CONTEXTURAL FACTORS WILL DRIVING 5233 03:07:51,360 --> 03:07:51,880 THE MORTALITY DIFFERENCES. 5234 03:07:51,880 --> 03:07:55,800 THESE ARE A FEW PATTERNS TO HOW 5235 03:07:55,800 --> 03:07:57,160 SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH 5236 03:07:57,160 --> 03:08:00,320 GENDER RACE AFFECT THE FACTORS 5237 03:08:00,320 --> 03:08:02,320 OF THE VIRUS. 5238 03:08:02,320 --> 03:08:04,920 s OVERREPRESENTED INDUSTRIES 5239 03:08:04,920 --> 03:08:07,360 SUCH AS HEALTHCARE WORKERS, 5240 03:08:07,360 --> 03:08:08,480 INDUSTRIES CONSIDERED EISN'TIAL 5241 03:08:08,480 --> 03:08:10,480 COULD NOD WORK FROM HOME AND HAD 5242 03:08:10,480 --> 03:08:12,000 HIGH EXPOSURE RATES TO COVID-19. 5243 03:08:12,000 --> 03:08:14,360 THIS IS OTHER SOCIAL FACTORS 5244 03:08:14,360 --> 03:08:15,720 SUCH AS NEIGHBORHOOD SEGREGATION 5245 03:08:15,720 --> 03:08:19,320 AND HOUSING DENSITY IS 1 5246 03:08:19,320 --> 03:08:21,240 INFLUENCE BY HISTORICAL AND 5247 03:08:21,240 --> 03:08:23,320 CONTEMPORARY RACISM AND SOCIETAL 5248 03:08:23,320 --> 03:08:26,560 SECTORS AND 2 AFFECT THE RISK OF 5249 03:08:26,560 --> 03:08:28,480 EXPOSE TOWER COVID-19 DURING THE 5250 03:08:28,480 --> 03:08:28,840 PANDEMIC. 5251 03:08:28,840 --> 03:08:30,800 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTED PEOPLE'S 5252 03:08:30,800 --> 03:08:35,040 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COVID GISK AN 5253 03:08:35,040 --> 03:08:36,760 EXPOSURE FOR INSTANCE CHRONIC 5254 03:08:36,760 --> 03:08:38,840 DISEASES ARE AN ESTABLISHED RISK 5255 03:08:38,840 --> 03:08:40,240 FACTOR, CHRONIC DISEASE PATTERNS 5256 03:08:40,240 --> 03:08:42,200 IN THE U.S. AWNCH MIRROR THE 5257 03:08:42,200 --> 03:08:45,240 PATTERN OF DATA WE VAW FOR 5258 03:08:45,240 --> 03:08:46,800 COVID-19 OUTCOMES, NOW CHRONIC 5259 03:08:46,800 --> 03:08:48,240 DISEASEs AS DR. SPRINGER WAS 5260 03:08:48,240 --> 03:08:50,880 TALKING ABOUT AND MANY OF YOU 5261 03:08:50,880 --> 03:08:52,240 KNOW, ARE CLEARLY MULTIFACTORIAL 5262 03:08:52,240 --> 03:08:55,080 IN TERMS OF CAUSES BUT THERE'S 5263 03:08:55,080 --> 03:08:57,840 CLEAR LINKAGES LIKE SOCIAL 5264 03:08:57,840 --> 03:08:59,200 ACCESS, RACISM, SOCIETAL FACTORS 5265 03:08:59,200 --> 03:09:00,600 AFFECTING THE ABILITY TO 5266 03:09:00,600 --> 03:09:03,040 EXERCISE AND EAT HEALTHY FOODS 5267 03:09:03,040 --> 03:09:05,160 SUCH AS POVERTY EXPE 5268 03:09:05,160 --> 03:09:06,240 NEIGHBORHOOD FACTORS, AND 5269 03:09:06,240 --> 03:09:07,240 OUTCOMES LIKE CHRONIC DEC. 5270 03:09:07,240 --> 03:09:08,720 IN OUR ANALYSIS OF THE 5271 03:09:08,720 --> 03:09:10,480 INTERACTION BETWEEN RACE AND SEX 5272 03:09:10,480 --> 03:09:11,720 AND COVID-19 OUTCOMES WE 5273 03:09:11,720 --> 03:09:13,320 OUTLINED HOW FACTORS SUCH AS 5274 03:09:13,320 --> 03:09:14,880 THESE BEING INFLUENCE THE 5275 03:09:14,880 --> 03:09:18,200 PATTERNS WE OBSERVE, DRAWING ON 5276 03:09:18,200 --> 03:09:20,000 WELL ESTABLISHED BODIES OF 5277 03:09:20,000 --> 03:09:21,680 THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL WORK, 5278 03:09:21,680 --> 03:09:23,440 AND RACE OF CONSTRUCKS IMPACT 5279 03:09:23,440 --> 03:09:24,440 HEALTH AND EXPERIENCES IN THE 5280 03:09:24,440 --> 03:09:25,320 UNITED STATES. 5281 03:09:25,320 --> 03:09:27,040 IN PARTICULAR, IN WORKING TO 5282 03:09:27,040 --> 03:09:27,880 UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL VALID AND 5283 03:09:27,880 --> 03:09:30,080 RELIABLIA BELIEVES AND 5284 03:09:30,080 --> 03:09:32,040 ASSOCIATED POWER DYNAMICS 5285 03:09:32,040 --> 03:09:33,640 INFLUENCE HEALTH DISPARITIES WE 5286 03:09:33,640 --> 03:09:38,520 DREW FROM THE FRAMEWORK OF 5287 03:09:38,520 --> 03:09:38,960 INTERSECTIONALITY FOR 5288 03:09:38,960 --> 03:09:40,360 [INDISCERNIBLE], AND I HAD TO 5289 03:09:40,360 --> 03:09:42,520 STEP OUT FOR A SECOND DURING AN 5290 03:09:42,520 --> 03:09:44,600 EARLIER TALK BUT I SO I 5291 03:09:44,600 --> 03:09:46,920 APOLOGIZE IF THIS IS A REPEAT 5292 03:09:46,920 --> 03:09:55,080 BUT I WANT TO TALK ABOUT 5293 03:09:55,080 --> 03:09:56,040 INTERSECTIONALITY, AND DRAWING 5294 03:09:56,040 --> 03:09:57,480 ANN EXTENSIVE AND PRETTY DREEP 5295 03:09:57,480 --> 03:09:59,440 HISTORY OF SUCH ANALYSIS WITHIN 5296 03:09:59,440 --> 03:10:01,080 THE WRITINGS OF BLACK AND OTHER 5297 03:10:01,080 --> 03:10:05,920 WEMG OF COLOR FEMINIST SCHOLARS, 5298 03:10:05,920 --> 03:10:07,560 SO THE SOME A COMMITMENT OF 5299 03:10:07,560 --> 03:10:09,480 SOCIAL LINK TO CATEGORIES 5300 03:10:09,480 --> 03:10:10,200 DIFFERENTLY STRUCTURES 5301 03:10:10,200 --> 03:10:11,240 EXPERIENCES, SUCH THAT 5302 03:10:11,240 --> 03:10:12,440 CATEGORIES SUCH AS GENDER AND 5303 03:10:12,440 --> 03:10:15,640 RACE CANNOT BE CONSIDERED AS 5304 03:10:15,640 --> 03:10:17,680 DISCREET BUT ARE NECESSARILY CO 5305 03:10:17,680 --> 03:10:18,480 CONSITUTING EACH OTHER. 5306 03:10:18,480 --> 03:10:19,440 INCRETESINGLY THERE ARE CALLING 5307 03:10:19,440 --> 03:10:21,520 TO INCORPORATE AND UNDERSTANDING 5308 03:10:21,520 --> 03:10:23,160 OF INTERSECTIONALITY INTO THE 5309 03:10:23,160 --> 03:10:24,920 HEALTH SCIENCES AND SCHOLARS 5310 03:10:24,920 --> 03:10:26,200 SUCH AS [INDISCERNIBLE] ARE 5311 03:10:26,200 --> 03:10:27,480 DEMONSTRATING HOW THE HEALTH 5312 03:10:27,480 --> 03:10:29,800 SCIENCES CAN REALLY MOVE FORWARD 5313 03:10:29,800 --> 03:10:32,440 WITH SUCH ANALYSIS INTO A MORE 5314 03:10:32,440 --> 03:10:35,760 SOCIALLY ROUTED CONSIDERATION OF 5315 03:10:35,760 --> 03:10:36,880 EXPHELGT HEALTH EQUITY. 5316 03:10:36,880 --> 03:10:40,880 OUR ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 5317 03:10:40,880 --> 03:10:46,320 OUTCOMES AMONG RACE AND GENDERED 5318 03:10:46,320 --> 03:10:48,680 AND TD IEE, AUDIENCE PEERANCE OF 5319 03:10:48,680 --> 03:10:51,600 SEX DISPARITIES VARIED IN THE 5320 03:10:51,600 --> 03:10:53,040 SPRING OF 2021 WE ANALYZED MORE 5321 03:10:53,040 --> 03:10:58,600 THAN A YEAR OF WEEKLY DATA WE 5322 03:10:58,600 --> 03:11:00,040 ARE INTERESTED IN WHAT OUR DATA 5323 03:11:00,040 --> 03:11:02,160 COULD TELL US REGARDING HOW CASE 5324 03:11:02,160 --> 03:11:09,800 AND MORTALITY RATES VARIED OVER 5325 03:11:09,800 --> 03:11:10,520 PLACE AND TIME. 5326 03:11:10,520 --> 03:11:14,680 THIS IS FROM AN A VERY EXTENSIVE 5327 03:11:14,680 --> 03:11:19,840 DATA THAT UNPACKED A LOT MORE 5328 03:11:19,840 --> 03:11:21,560 AND JUST TRYING TO HIGHLIGHT 5329 03:11:21,560 --> 03:11:23,360 WHAT YOU CAN ABSORB IN 10 5330 03:11:23,360 --> 03:11:23,600 MINUTES. 5331 03:11:23,600 --> 03:11:25,080 SOPHISTICATEDY WOO FOUND 5332 03:11:25,080 --> 03:11:27,360 THROUGHOUT THE MAN DEMIC THE 5333 03:11:27,360 --> 03:11:30,800 CASE RATE VARIED DIFFERENTLY. 5334 03:11:30,800 --> 03:11:33,440 OFTEN WOMEN WERE RECEIVING 5335 03:11:33,440 --> 03:11:35,320 POSITIVE TESTS FOR CONIA VIRUS, 5336 03:11:35,320 --> 03:11:37,360 THIS COULD BE DO TO FREQUENTLY 5337 03:11:37,360 --> 03:11:40,240 TESTERRED INDUSTRIES SUCH AS 5338 03:11:40,240 --> 03:11:42,080 HELT WORKERS, COULD BE DUE TO 5339 03:11:42,080 --> 03:11:44,840 EXPOSURES OR THE TESTS, MANY 5340 03:11:44,840 --> 03:11:47,320 STATES RESEMBLE LA LAXER WITH 5341 03:11:47,320 --> 03:11:51,960 WOMEN HAVING HIGHER STATES 5342 03:11:51,960 --> 03:11:53,120 THROUGHOUT THE PANDEMIC. 5343 03:11:53,120 --> 03:11:54,800 AND EACH STATES WHERE THEY HAD 5344 03:11:54,800 --> 03:11:57,720 CASE RATES FROM THE BEGINNING 5345 03:11:57,720 --> 03:11:59,120 SUCH AS TEXAS. 5346 03:11:59,120 --> 03:12:01,320 THE SEX DISPARITY AND CASE 5347 03:12:01,320 --> 03:12:04,960 MORTALITY RATE HIGHER IN MANY 5348 03:12:04,960 --> 03:12:07,680 VARIED QUITE WIDELY. 5349 03:12:07,680 --> 03:12:09,680 IN MEN AND WOMEN HAD EQUAL 5350 03:12:09,680 --> 03:12:10,960 MORTALITY THROUGHOUT THE 5351 03:12:10,960 --> 03:12:12,520 PANDEMIC, IN OTHERS MEN HAD 5352 03:12:12,520 --> 03:12:13,440 HIGHER MORTALITY FROM THE 5353 03:12:13,440 --> 03:12:17,040 BEGINNING AND STILL IN OTHERS, 5354 03:12:17,040 --> 03:12:20,480 THE MORTALITY THAT EMERGE 5355 03:12:20,480 --> 03:12:24,280 THROUGHOUT THE PANDEMIC. 5356 03:12:24,280 --> 03:12:25,440 >> ONE MINUTE LEFT. 5357 03:12:25,440 --> 03:12:28,760 >> THE LAB DEMONSTRATED THAT THE 5358 03:12:28,760 --> 03:12:31,440 OOSKTS PREVIEWED AS EVIDENCE OF 5359 03:12:31,440 --> 03:12:33,160 SEX DIFFERENCES VARIES 5360 03:12:33,160 --> 03:12:34,200 EXTENSIVELY BETWEEN THE SOCIAL 5361 03:12:34,200 --> 03:12:38,560 CATEGORIES OF RATE AND TIME IN 5362 03:12:38,560 --> 03:12:38,800 PLACES. 5363 03:12:38,800 --> 03:12:43,840 WHAT DOES THIS INDICATE, THE SEX 5364 03:12:43,840 --> 03:12:45,240 DISPARITY IN MORTALITY IS LIKELY 5365 03:12:45,240 --> 03:12:46,920 LINKED TO GENDER IN CONJUNCTION 5366 03:12:46,920 --> 03:12:50,000 WITH RACE, SOCIAL CLASS AND 5367 03:12:50,000 --> 03:12:50,560 OTHER SOCIAL BIOFACTORS. 5368 03:12:50,560 --> 03:12:53,800 AND THESE ARE MY NEXT STEPS IN 5369 03:12:53,800 --> 03:12:54,680 QUESTIONS FROM MY OWN 5370 03:12:54,680 --> 03:12:56,520 PERSPECTIVE AND I DON'T KNOW IF 5371 03:12:56,520 --> 03:13:00,920 WE EVER RETURN TO THESE, I CAN'T 5372 03:13:00,920 --> 03:13:01,360 QUITE REMEMBER. 5373 03:13:01,360 --> 03:13:02,440 LATER BUT REALLY WHEN I'M THINK 5374 03:13:02,440 --> 03:13:04,760 BEING THE OTHER TALKS, 1 OF THE 5375 03:13:04,760 --> 03:13:08,000 THINGS I'M INTERESTED IN IS 5376 03:13:08,000 --> 03:13:10,280 UNDERSTANDING HOW WE CAN BETTER 5377 03:13:10,280 --> 03:13:12,040 ACCOUNT FOR GENDER AND LARGE 5378 03:13:12,040 --> 03:13:12,680 PREEXISTING DATA SETS AND THERE 5379 03:13:12,680 --> 03:13:14,320 ARE FOLKS THAT ARE OUTLINING HOW 5380 03:13:14,320 --> 03:13:16,920 TO DO SO IN SOME DRNT WAYS 5381 03:13:16,920 --> 03:13:17,920 WITHIN SOCIOLOGY. 5382 03:13:17,920 --> 03:13:19,440 THEY'RE NOT FOCUSED ON USUALLY 5383 03:13:19,440 --> 03:13:21,880 ON HEALTH OUTCOMES AND CERTAINLY 5384 03:13:21,880 --> 03:13:25,200 NOT GRANULAR HEALTH OUTCOMES 5385 03:13:25,200 --> 03:13:26,360 LIKE BIOMARKERS OR IMMUNE 5386 03:13:26,360 --> 03:13:26,640 FUNCTION. 5387 03:13:26,640 --> 03:13:30,000 YOU KNOW UNLESS THE DATA SET IS 5388 03:13:30,000 --> 03:13:31,400 TRULY CONTROLLING FOR FAST AVEY 5389 03:13:31,400 --> 03:13:32,520 OF CHRONIC DISEASES, THERE ARE 5390 03:13:32,520 --> 03:13:34,840 MANY, LIKE WHEN WE'RE MEASURING 5391 03:13:34,840 --> 03:13:37,440 IL6 AND CRP, I WORK A LOT WITH 5392 03:13:37,440 --> 03:13:38,800 CRP AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY 5393 03:13:38,800 --> 03:13:42,840 MARKERS AND WE LOOK AT 5394 03:13:42,840 --> 03:13:43,800 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND 5395 03:13:43,800 --> 03:13:46,800 WOMEN, WE'RE ALSO OF COURSE 5396 03:13:46,800 --> 03:13:48,920 MEASURING THEIR DIFFERENCE IN 5397 03:13:48,920 --> 03:13:49,840 THEIR LIFESTYLE, DIFFERENCES IN 5398 03:13:49,840 --> 03:13:51,840 YEARS OF PAST EEIVETS AND TRAUMA 5399 03:13:51,840 --> 03:13:53,280 EXPOSURE AS OTHER PEOPLE HAVE 5400 03:13:53,280 --> 03:13:54,480 TOUCHED ON ET CETERA ESTROGEN 5401 03:13:54,480 --> 03:13:57,200 AND HOW DO WE TAKE INTO,A COUNT 5402 03:13:57,200 --> 03:13:58,360 THESE DIFFERENCES, THOSE 5403 03:13:58,360 --> 03:14:01,520 PREEXISTING SOCIALLY ROOTED BUT 5404 03:14:01,520 --> 03:14:02,760 BIOLOGICALLY VISIBLE DIFFERENCES 5405 03:14:02,760 --> 03:14:04,320 RELATED TO FOACIAL FACTORS WHEN 5406 03:14:04,320 --> 03:14:06,560 WE CONSIDER DISEASES LIKE 5407 03:14:06,560 --> 03:14:15,160 COVID-19. 5408 03:14:15,160 --> 03:14:15,800 THANK YOU. 5409 03:14:15,800 --> 03:14:17,440 ALL RIGHT AND NOW I WILL TURN 5410 03:14:17,440 --> 03:14:19,800 THIS OVER TO DR. LIU. 5411 03:14:19,800 --> 03:14:21,360 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, LET'S SEE 5412 03:14:21,360 --> 03:14:28,360 IF THAT WORKS THERE. 5413 03:14:28,360 --> 03:14:30,880 OKAY, SO HI, EVERYONE, I'M CINDY 5414 03:14:30,880 --> 03:14:32,880 LIU AND I'M A CLINICAL 5415 03:14:32,880 --> 03:14:33,920 PSYCHOLOGIST AND RESEARCHERS IN 5416 03:14:33,920 --> 03:14:36,200 NEW BORN MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY 5417 03:14:36,200 --> 03:14:38,600 AND ALSO THE DIRECTOR OF SEEK O 5418 03:14:38,600 --> 03:14:40,200 SOCIAL STRESS AND HEALTH WITHIN 5419 03:14:40,200 --> 03:14:42,560 THE CONNOR CENTER FOR WOMEN'S 5420 03:14:42,560 --> 03:14:43,520 HEALTH AND GENDER BIOLOGY. 5421 03:14:43,520 --> 03:14:45,040 IT'S SUCH A PRIVILEGE TO BE PART 5422 03:14:45,040 --> 03:14:45,840 OF THIS WORKSHOP. 5423 03:14:45,840 --> 03:14:48,880 I AM MORE FAMILIAR WITH NIMH AND 5424 03:14:48,880 --> 03:14:51,560 NICHD AND HEARING THE 5425 03:14:51,560 --> 03:14:53,920 PRESENTATIONS, YOU KNOW THAT 5426 03:14:53,920 --> 03:14:55,680 HAVE TAKEN PLACE SO FAR TODAY, I 5427 03:14:55,680 --> 03:14:58,040 CAN REALLY SEE THIS 5428 03:14:58,040 --> 03:15:01,760 MULTIDISCIPLINARY EFFORT IN 5429 03:15:01,760 --> 03:15:02,840 UNDERSTANDING YOU KNOW SEX 5430 03:15:02,840 --> 03:15:03,280 GENDER AND HEALTH. 5431 03:15:03,280 --> 03:15:07,720 WHAT I'M GOING TO FOCUS ON ARE 5432 03:15:07,720 --> 03:15:08,920 THE SOCIAL SOCIAL STRESS 5433 03:15:08,920 --> 03:15:10,600 EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE OF COLOR 5434 03:15:10,600 --> 03:15:11,920 AND WOMEN BASED ON OBSERVATIONS 5435 03:15:11,920 --> 03:15:14,760 PRACTICES THE PANDEMIC SO I'M 5436 03:15:14,760 --> 03:15:17,760 GRATEFUL FOR DR. SPRINGER AND 5437 03:15:17,760 --> 03:15:21,840 HEIDORN, AND I HOPE TO REINFORCE 5438 03:15:21,840 --> 03:15:23,240 THE MESSAGES THEY'RE SHARING SO 5439 03:15:23,240 --> 03:15:23,560 FAR. 5440 03:15:23,560 --> 03:15:32,880 I WANT TO FORM A FRAMEWORK FOR 5441 03:15:32,880 --> 03:15:37,680 SEX SPECIFIC COVID-19 OUTCOMES 5442 03:15:37,680 --> 03:15:38,160 AND MANAGEMENT. 5443 03:15:38,160 --> 03:15:39,440 REALLY TO PROVIDE A DOSE OF 5444 03:15:39,440 --> 03:15:41,280 REALITY THAT WE NEED TO CONSIDER 5445 03:15:41,280 --> 03:15:51,760 BOTH SEX, GENDER AND RACE IN 5446 03:15:53,600 --> 03:15:55,120 DISAGGREGATION, THIS DOES NOT 5447 03:15:55,120 --> 03:15:55,840 WITH DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE 5448 03:15:55,840 --> 03:15:58,520 COVID, BUT THE EXPERIENCE OF THE 5449 03:15:58,520 --> 03:15:58,800 PANDEMIC. 5450 03:15:58,800 --> 03:16:00,640 IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION GIIVE 5451 03:16:00,640 --> 03:16:01,920 UPON THE ACCUMULATED EVERY DAY 5452 03:16:01,920 --> 03:16:03,840 EXPERIENCES SO FAR IN THE 2 PLUS 5453 03:16:03,840 --> 03:16:04,160 YEARS. 5454 03:16:04,160 --> 03:16:05,680 THE FIRST THING I WANT TO DO IS 5455 03:16:05,680 --> 03:16:07,440 COVER THIS MYTH ABOUT THE 5456 03:16:07,440 --> 03:16:09,560 PANDEMIC AND REALLY HEARD A LOT 5457 03:16:09,560 --> 03:16:10,400 ABOUT THIS. 5458 03:16:10,400 --> 03:16:12,040 ESPECIALLY EARLY ON, I THINK 5459 03:16:12,040 --> 03:16:14,080 WITH THIS CROWD ASK WHAT HAS 5460 03:16:14,080 --> 03:16:16,160 BEEN SHOWED SO FARRED IN THE 5461 03:16:16,160 --> 03:16:18,280 WORKSHOP IS FOR THE MOST PART 5462 03:16:18,280 --> 03:16:20,560 THERE'S EVIDENT TO SUGGEST IT'S 5463 03:16:20,560 --> 03:16:22,120 NOT A GREAT EQUALIZER BUT THE 5464 03:16:22,120 --> 03:16:24,680 THING IS IT HAS BEEN A NARRATIVE 5465 03:16:24,680 --> 03:16:28,440 THAT TOOK HOLD, THROUGH THE 5466 03:16:28,440 --> 03:16:29,560 MEDIA, AND THROUGH POLITICIANS, 5467 03:16:29,560 --> 03:16:31,800 THE IDEA THAT THE PANDEMIC IS 5468 03:16:31,800 --> 03:16:32,720 TERRIBLE BUT IT'S MADE PEOPLE 5469 03:16:32,720 --> 03:16:37,040 EQUAL AND IN FACT, JUST THIS 5470 03:16:37,040 --> 03:16:39,040 PAST YEAR, THIS WAS EXPOSED BY 5471 03:16:39,040 --> 03:16:41,360 THE A RIVIEWER OF A PAPER THEY 5472 03:16:41,360 --> 03:16:46,040 SUBMITTED WHO TOLD ME I MISS THE 5473 03:16:46,040 --> 03:16:47,400 OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW THE 5474 03:16:47,400 --> 03:16:51,000 PANDEMIC AS A EQUALIZER. 5475 03:16:51,000 --> 03:16:52,040 SO WHILE THERE'S .ARE ON HERE 5476 03:16:52,040 --> 03:16:54,200 TEMPTING THEM AND HEAD LINES 5477 03:16:54,200 --> 03:16:55,720 THAT DISPEL THE MYTH IT'S STILL 5478 03:16:55,720 --> 03:16:56,880 PART ABOUT HOW PEOPLE ARE 5479 03:16:56,880 --> 03:16:58,440 THINKING ABOUT RESEARCH AND EVEN 5480 03:16:58,440 --> 03:16:58,960 RESEARCHERS THEMSELVES. 5481 03:16:58,960 --> 03:17:00,120 BUT WHAT WE DO KNOW AND HAVE 5482 03:17:00,120 --> 03:17:04,600 HEARD SO FAR IS THAT BOTH SEX 5483 03:17:04,600 --> 03:17:06,000 AND GENDER AND RACE MATTERS. 5484 03:17:06,000 --> 03:17:07,160 SO AT THIS POINT IT'S LARGELY 5485 03:17:07,160 --> 03:17:09,360 ACCEPTED THAT PEOPLE OF COLOR 5486 03:17:09,360 --> 03:17:11,200 ARE AT GENERAL GREATER HEALTH 5487 03:17:11,200 --> 03:17:12,360 RISK FOR PROBLEMS DUE TO THE 5488 03:17:12,360 --> 03:17:18,480 PANDEMIC AND THE QUESTION IS, 5489 03:17:18,480 --> 03:17:19,640 WHY IS THAT? 5490 03:17:19,640 --> 03:17:24,680 SO IN GENERAL, ANY DISRUPTION TO 5491 03:17:24,680 --> 03:17:25,880 SOCIETY DISPROPORTIONATELY FACE 5492 03:17:25,880 --> 03:17:28,600 MORE INIQUITIES TO BEGIN WITH 5493 03:17:28,600 --> 03:17:30,160 AND SO I POINT OUT SOCIAL 5494 03:17:30,160 --> 03:17:32,720 DISTANCING ITSELF IS ACTUALLY A 5495 03:17:32,720 --> 03:17:34,800 PRIMATES LEDGE AS MANY PEOPLE OF 5496 03:17:34,800 --> 03:17:36,320 COLOR AREN'T ABLE IEBL TO SOCIAL 5497 03:17:36,320 --> 03:17:37,040 DISTANCE BASED ON WHERE THEY 5498 03:17:37,040 --> 03:17:38,720 LIVE AND WORK THIS IS A REMINDER 5499 03:17:38,720 --> 03:17:40,640 OF HOW WE MUST TAKE SERIOUSLY 5500 03:17:40,640 --> 03:17:41,360 THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 5501 03:17:41,360 --> 03:17:45,120 HEALTH IN OUR OUTCOMES. 5502 03:17:45,120 --> 03:17:46,680 OOSE NOT JUST ABOUT RACE BUT 5503 03:17:46,680 --> 03:17:47,240 JEBDER AS WELL. 5504 03:17:47,240 --> 03:17:47,720 RIGHT? 5505 03:17:47,720 --> 03:17:51,400 SO WE'VE SEEN THAT STRUCTURAL 5506 03:17:51,400 --> 03:17:52,680 GENDERED RACISM SHAPES INCREASED 5507 03:17:52,680 --> 03:17:54,560 RISK FOR COVID AMONG PEOPLE OF 5508 03:17:54,560 --> 03:17:56,520 COLOR BASED ON THEIR OCCUPATION, 5509 03:17:56,520 --> 03:17:58,000 HERE'S ANOTHER EXAMPLE, SO 5510 03:17:58,000 --> 03:18:00,720 AACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL 5511 03:18:00,720 --> 03:18:01,400 NURSES, UNION, FILIPINO WOMEN IN 5512 03:18:01,400 --> 03:18:04,840 THE U.S. WHO MAKE UP 4% OF THE 5513 03:18:04,840 --> 03:18:06,200 WORKFORCE, COMPRISED OF 31% OF 5514 03:18:06,200 --> 03:18:08,160 THE DEATHS AMONG REGISTERED 5515 03:18:08,160 --> 03:18:08,480 NURSE DEATHS. 5516 03:18:08,480 --> 03:18:10,600 DUE TO THE COVID AND SO, WHEN 5517 03:18:10,600 --> 03:18:13,040 CONSIDERING NURSES OF COLOR, YOU 5518 03:18:13,040 --> 03:18:14,680 KNOW 54 OF THOSE WHO HAVE DIED 5519 03:18:14,680 --> 03:18:22,160 TO DATE HAVE BEEN FILIPINO. 5520 03:18:22,160 --> 03:18:25,560 SO WHILE SOCIAL DISTANCING TO 5521 03:18:25,560 --> 03:18:28,560 MITIGATE TRANSMISSION, WOMEN ARE 5522 03:18:28,560 --> 03:18:30,120 DISPLACED WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL 5523 03:18:30,120 --> 03:18:31,360 STRESS FROM THE DEMIC OVERALL 5524 03:18:31,360 --> 03:18:32,800 WHEN WE CONSIDER THAT 5525 03:18:32,800 --> 03:18:34,320 PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS IS 5526 03:18:34,320 --> 03:18:35,360 RACIALIZED AND ENGENDERED WITHIN 5527 03:18:35,360 --> 03:18:37,680 THE STRUCTURES AND THESE 5528 03:18:37,680 --> 03:18:39,400 EVERYDAY INTERPERSONAL 5529 03:18:39,400 --> 03:18:40,120 INTERACTIONS. 5530 03:18:40,120 --> 03:18:42,880 SO THIS ASSERTION MADE BY 5531 03:18:42,880 --> 03:18:43,600 DR. SPRINGER AND COLLEAGUES, I 5532 03:18:43,600 --> 03:18:46,560 PULL THIS OUT, I REALLY LIKE IT, 5533 03:18:46,560 --> 03:18:48,640 HERE, SHE AWRPGS THAT THE 5534 03:18:48,640 --> 03:18:51,200 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF GENDER ARE 5535 03:18:51,200 --> 03:18:52,120 INEXTRICABLILY BOUND WITH THE 5536 03:18:52,120 --> 03:18:56,080 SOCIAL WORLD OF GENDER AND THIS 5537 03:18:56,080 --> 03:19:00,800 POINT APPLIES TO HOW WE THINK 5538 03:19:00,800 --> 03:19:01,680 ABOUT RACE. 5539 03:19:01,680 --> 03:19:03,920 SO AS DEPICTED HERE STRUCTURAL 5540 03:19:03,920 --> 03:19:07,240 RACISM WHETHER IT'S HISTORICAL 5541 03:19:07,240 --> 03:19:07,920 CULTURAL, INSTITUTIONAL OR 5542 03:19:07,920 --> 03:19:09,360 INTERPERSONAL IN MIGHT BE 5543 03:19:09,360 --> 03:19:10,760 FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE TO VARIOUS 5544 03:19:10,760 --> 03:19:18,520 DISADVANTAGES AND EVERY DAYA 5545 03:19:18,520 --> 03:19:20,160 ADVERSE EXPERIENCES AND THESE 5546 03:19:20,160 --> 03:19:21,680 PROCESSES GET UNDER THE SKIN AS 5547 03:19:21,680 --> 03:19:25,040 HAS BEEN ALLUDED TO IN TALKS, SO 5548 03:19:25,040 --> 03:19:27,640 IN THE CONCEPTUAL MODELS, 5549 03:19:27,640 --> 03:19:28,720 APPRAISALS AND OTHER 5550 03:19:28,720 --> 03:19:29,560 PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESSORS FACED BY 5551 03:19:29,560 --> 03:19:31,680 PEOPLE OF COLOR AND WOMEN HAVE A 5552 03:19:31,680 --> 03:19:33,840 DOWN STREAM EFFECT ON HEALTH 5553 03:19:33,840 --> 03:19:35,680 RISK VIS A VIS HEALTH BEHAVIORS, 5554 03:19:35,680 --> 03:19:44,000 SEECIAL --PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS 5555 03:19:44,000 --> 03:19:44,880 AND NEUROLOGICAL PROCESSES. 5556 03:19:44,880 --> 03:19:47,680 SO HERE I SHOW A FEW OF THESE 5557 03:19:47,680 --> 03:19:48,640 POETIC TESHTIAL PATHWAYS 5558 03:19:48,640 --> 03:19:50,600 ILLUSTRATED SO IN SOME WORK 5559 03:19:50,600 --> 03:19:51,880 FUNDED BY ROBERT WOODS JOHNSON 5560 03:19:51,880 --> 03:19:54,840 AND THIS WAS CONDUCTED BEFORE 5561 03:19:54,840 --> 03:19:56,360 THE PANDEMIC, 1 OF 3 PLAQUE 5562 03:19:56,360 --> 03:19:58,200 AMERICANS WERE FOUND TO AVOID 5563 03:19:58,200 --> 03:19:59,440 CERTAIN SOCIAL SITUATIONS IN 5564 03:19:59,440 --> 03:20:01,600 PLACES COMPARED TO 1 OUT OF 12 5565 03:20:01,600 --> 03:20:02,400 WHITE AMERICANS. 5566 03:20:02,400 --> 03:20:04,800 AND AMONG THOSE WHO HAVE HAD THE 5567 03:20:04,800 --> 03:20:06,640 HIGHEST LEVEL OF HYPER VIGILANCE 5568 03:20:06,640 --> 03:20:08,280 MORE THAN HALF PLAQUE ACULTS 5569 03:20:08,280 --> 03:20:10,520 WERE FOUND TO HAVE HYPER TENSE 1 5570 03:20:10,520 --> 03:20:15,800 OUT OF 5 ADULTS SO THESE 5571 03:20:15,800 --> 03:20:16,520 PATHWAYS ANTICIPATEATORY 5572 03:20:16,520 --> 03:20:18,640 ANXIETY, AVOIDANCE THESE 5573 03:20:18,640 --> 03:20:21,760 BEHAVIORS THAT TAKE PLACE WITHIN 5574 03:20:21,760 --> 03:20:22,280 DISCRIMINATION, THEY'RE 5575 03:20:22,280 --> 03:20:24,000 HYPOTHESIZED TO EXPLAIN THE 5576 03:20:24,000 --> 03:20:26,280 LINKS BETWEEN DISCRIMINATION AND 5577 03:20:26,280 --> 03:20:28,240 HYPERTENSION AND PROBLEMS WITH 5578 03:20:28,240 --> 03:20:29,280 OTHER OUTCOMES AMONG BLACK 5579 03:20:29,280 --> 03:20:30,840 ACULTS AND THIS LITERATURE IS 5580 03:20:30,840 --> 03:20:33,640 GROWING WITH MORE EVIDENCE, 5581 03:20:33,640 --> 03:20:36,920 ESTABLISHING THESE ASSOCIATIONS. 5582 03:20:36,920 --> 03:20:38,280 ONE OF THE AREAS I'VE BEEN 5583 03:20:38,280 --> 03:20:39,600 FOCUSING ON IN MY RESEARCH 5584 03:20:39,600 --> 03:20:41,720 PROGRAM IS THE EXPERIENCE OF 5585 03:20:41,720 --> 03:20:42,800 DISCRIMINATION OF ASIAN 5586 03:20:42,800 --> 03:20:43,480 AMERICANS DURING COVID. 5587 03:20:43,480 --> 03:20:44,440 EXPERIENCES THAT TOGETHER WE 5588 03:20:44,440 --> 03:20:46,080 MIGHT EVEN CONSIDER AS A DUAL 5589 03:20:46,080 --> 03:20:47,920 PANDEMIC FOR THIS GROUP. 5590 03:20:47,920 --> 03:20:50,560 MY RESEARCH ON THE WORK OF 5591 03:20:50,560 --> 03:20:52,960 OTHERS DURANS COVID AT THIS TIME 5592 03:20:52,960 --> 03:20:55,040 THE HYPER VIM LANCE HAS BEEN 5593 03:20:55,040 --> 03:20:56,000 TAKING PLACE AMONG ASIANS. 5594 03:20:56,000 --> 03:20:58,440 IN 1 OF OUR LONGITUDINAL STUDIES 5595 03:20:58,440 --> 03:21:01,840 ON ASIAN AMERICANS WE ARE SEEING 5596 03:21:01,840 --> 03:21:02,800 HIGHERATES EVER DISCRIMINATION 5597 03:21:02,800 --> 03:21:10,040 RATES WITHIN THE GROUP. 5598 03:21:10,040 --> 03:21:18,680 WITHIN MONTHS OF THE PANDEMIC, 5599 03:21:18,680 --> 03:21:23,360 GROUPS WERE EXPERIENCING RACIAL 5600 03:21:23,360 --> 03:21:24,440 INCIDENT AND STRESS. 5601 03:21:24,440 --> 03:21:26,240 WE ALSO SHOW ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 5602 03:21:26,240 --> 03:21:27,560 DISCRIMINATION AND RACIAL TRAUMA 5603 03:21:27,560 --> 03:21:29,520 AND IT'S AN OPEN QUESTION, THE 5604 03:21:29,520 --> 03:21:30,800 EXTENT TO WHICH THIS 5605 03:21:30,800 --> 03:21:33,800 DISCRIMINATION WOULD ALSO HAVE 5606 03:21:33,800 --> 03:21:35,600 AN EFFECT ON HEALTH OUTCOMES OR 5607 03:21:35,600 --> 03:21:37,600 THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT 5608 03:21:37,600 --> 03:21:44,720 EXACERBATES ANY COVID RELATED 5609 03:21:44,720 --> 03:21:45,360 HEALTH RELATED ISSUES. 5610 03:21:45,360 --> 03:21:46,880 MY POST DOC AND GRADUATE 5611 03:21:46,880 --> 03:21:48,320 STUDENTS ARE TAKING A CLOSER 5612 03:21:48,320 --> 03:21:50,480 LOOK ON THE NEWER PAPERS TO GET 5613 03:21:50,480 --> 03:21:53,040 A SENSE OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH 5614 03:21:53,040 --> 03:21:54,520 DHEEZ EFFECTS ARE EXPERIENCING 5615 03:21:54,520 --> 03:21:55,280 ASIAN AMERICANSA THE THIS TIME 5616 03:21:55,280 --> 03:21:56,960 BUT TO MY KNOWLEDGE NOT VERY 5617 03:21:56,960 --> 03:21:59,120 MUCH FOCUSED ON THE FISCAL 5618 03:21:59,120 --> 03:22:02,120 HEALTH OF ASIAN AMERICANS. 5619 03:22:02,120 --> 03:22:05,000 SO COMING BACK TO THE EFFECTIVE 5620 03:22:05,000 --> 03:22:07,120 GENDER ON PANDEMIC OUTCOMES WE 5621 03:22:07,120 --> 03:22:09,440 NEED TO DISAGGREGATE GROUPS NOT 5622 03:22:09,440 --> 03:22:12,240 JUST BY RACE OR GENDER BUT HERE 5623 03:22:12,240 --> 03:22:13,640 THERE'S ACTUALLY MORE DATA WITH 5624 03:22:13,640 --> 03:22:15,960 THE NEED TO DISAGGREGATE WITH AS 5625 03:22:15,960 --> 03:22:17,280 AND ASIAN AMERICAN WOMEN HAVING 5626 03:22:17,280 --> 03:22:19,240 TAKEN ON MORE HOUSEHOLD 5627 03:22:19,240 --> 03:22:20,160 RESPONSIBILITIES SINCE THE BEP 5628 03:22:20,160 --> 03:22:23,120 BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC IN 5629 03:22:23,120 --> 03:22:25,760 2020 AND SO WITHOUT THAT DATA 5630 03:22:25,760 --> 03:22:26,520 DISAGGREGATION, POTENTIAL 5631 03:22:26,520 --> 03:22:29,480 PATHWAYS OF THE STRUCTURAL LEVEL 5632 03:22:29,480 --> 03:22:30,080 AND ASSOCIATED PSYCHOSOCIAL 5633 03:22:30,080 --> 03:22:32,840 STRESS EXPERIENCES MAY BE MISSED 5634 03:22:32,840 --> 03:22:34,720 THUS REALLY REDUCING OUR ABILITY 5635 03:22:34,720 --> 03:22:37,320 HOW BEST TO DESCREESES 5636 03:22:37,320 --> 03:22:38,600 SUBSEQUENT HEALTH OUTCOMES. 5637 03:22:38,600 --> 03:22:39,600 >> TWO MINUTES LEFT. 5638 03:22:39,600 --> 03:22:40,000 >> THANK YOU. 5639 03:22:40,000 --> 03:22:43,040 SO GIVEN THE TIME CONSTRAINTS 5640 03:22:43,040 --> 03:22:44,520 I'VE PROVIDED AN OVERVIEW OF 5641 03:22:44,520 --> 03:22:45,360 CONSIDERATIONS INVOLVING RACE 5642 03:22:45,360 --> 03:22:47,320 AND GENDER, THESE ARE 5643 03:22:47,320 --> 03:22:47,760 PARTICULARLY CRUCIAL 5644 03:22:47,760 --> 03:22:48,440 CONSIDERATIONS WHEN WE'RE TRYING 5645 03:22:48,440 --> 03:22:50,760 TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF 5646 03:22:50,760 --> 03:22:51,920 COVID, THE VIRUS BUT ALSO THE 5647 03:22:51,920 --> 03:22:54,720 SIDEWALK O SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE 5648 03:22:54,720 --> 03:22:57,080 PANDEMIC OVERALL, SO I'M LEAVING 5649 03:22:57,080 --> 03:22:58,720 WITH 3 PRIORITIES FOR MOVING IN 5650 03:22:58,720 --> 03:23:00,200 THE DIRECTION OF INVESTING IN 5651 03:23:00,200 --> 03:23:02,320 RACE AND GENDER VARIABLES IN 5652 03:23:02,320 --> 03:23:02,800 RESEARCH. 5653 03:23:02,800 --> 03:23:06,560 ONE IS TO PRIORITIZE STUDIES OF 5654 03:23:06,560 --> 03:23:08,880 FOCUS ON GROUPS OF COLOR AND 5655 03:23:08,880 --> 03:23:10,440 IT'S DIFFICULT TO DO THIS 5656 03:23:10,440 --> 03:23:11,200 WITHOUT INCREASED FUNDING GIVEN 5657 03:23:11,200 --> 03:23:13,160 THE NEED TO BUILD THE 5658 03:23:13,160 --> 03:23:14,800 INFRASTRUCTURE AND I KNOW FIRST 5659 03:23:14,800 --> 03:23:16,080 HAND IN RECRUITING THESE SAMPLES 5660 03:23:16,080 --> 03:23:18,000 WE HAVE TO INVEST THE TIME, HAVE 5661 03:23:18,000 --> 03:23:20,040 THE STAFF TO CONDUCT TRANSLATION 5662 03:23:20,040 --> 03:23:22,640 IF NECESSARY, BUT BUILDING 5663 03:23:22,640 --> 03:23:23,440 RELATIONSHIPS IN THE COMMUNITY 5664 03:23:23,440 --> 03:23:24,640 YOU KNOW JUST AS ANOTHER 5665 03:23:24,640 --> 03:23:26,080 EXAMPLE, IT'S MAY BE A REASON 5666 03:23:26,080 --> 03:23:28,760 WHY ASIAN AMERICANS ARE THE MOST 5667 03:23:28,760 --> 03:23:29,880 UNDERSTUDIED RACIAL GROUP. 5668 03:23:29,880 --> 03:23:33,440 THE FUNDING HAS BEEN POOR WITH, 5669 03:23:33,440 --> 03:23:39,160 YOU KNOW BETWEEN 2007-2017 PNL 5670 03:23:39,160 --> 03:23:40,840 .17% OF NIH GRANTS ONLY A 5671 03:23:40,840 --> 03:23:43,800 FRACTION OF A PENNY WAS 5672 03:23:43,800 --> 03:23:45,000 COMMITTED TO ASIAN HEALTH. 5673 03:23:45,000 --> 03:23:47,000 I RECEIVED SOME IN THIS PAST 5674 03:23:47,000 --> 03:23:48,320 SPRING, HOPING WE'RE GOING INTO 5675 03:23:48,320 --> 03:23:50,000 THE RIGHT DIRECTION BUT IF RACE 5676 03:23:50,000 --> 03:23:51,960 AND GENDER ARE PRIORITY THESE 5677 03:23:51,960 --> 03:23:53,880 THESE THINGS HAVE BE TAKEN INTO 5678 03:23:53,880 --> 03:23:54,240 CONSIDERATION. 5679 03:23:54,240 --> 03:23:56,000 THE OTHER POINT I WANT TO MAKE 5680 03:23:56,000 --> 03:23:58,320 IT THAT IN ORDER TO ASSESS KEY 5681 03:23:58,320 --> 03:24:01,240 FACTORS WE WANT TO CAPTURE 5682 03:24:01,240 --> 03:24:02,520 PSYCHOSOCIAL DISTRESS AND MOMENT 5683 03:24:02,520 --> 03:24:04,200 TO MOMENT EXPERIENCES AS I 5684 03:24:04,200 --> 03:24:05,120 MENTIONED HYPER VINL LANCE MAY 5685 03:24:05,120 --> 03:24:07,560 MATTER AND SO BEING ABLE TO 5686 03:24:07,560 --> 03:24:10,400 CAPTURE THAT, WILL BE KEY TO 5687 03:24:10,400 --> 03:24:10,960 DELINEATING PATHWAYS BETWEEN 5688 03:24:10,960 --> 03:24:12,160 RACE, GENDER AND HEALTH AND 5689 03:24:12,160 --> 03:24:14,440 FINALLY TO INVEST THE TIME IN 5690 03:24:14,440 --> 03:24:16,120 COLLABORATING WITH STAKEHOLDERS 5691 03:24:16,120 --> 03:24:18,200 INCLUDING RESEARCHERS FOR PEOPLE 5692 03:24:18,200 --> 03:24:19,840 OF COLOR WHOSE RESEARCH LENGTHS 5693 03:24:19,840 --> 03:24:21,240 FOCUS ON THESE SPECIFIC 5694 03:24:21,240 --> 03:24:22,480 VARIABLES AND TO WORK WITH 5695 03:24:22,480 --> 03:24:23,840 COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND BUILD 5696 03:24:23,840 --> 03:24:24,880 ADVISORY BOARDS TO INSURE THAT 5697 03:24:24,880 --> 03:24:26,360 WHAT WE'RE DOING IS ACTUALLY 5698 03:24:26,360 --> 03:24:29,360 MEANINGFUL TO THE COMMUNITY. 5699 03:24:29,360 --> 03:24:31,320 SO THIS IS THE NIH, ALL OF US 5700 03:24:31,320 --> 03:24:31,760 DATABASE. 5701 03:24:31,760 --> 03:24:33,040 THIS IS A PROMISING DIRECTION, I 5702 03:24:33,040 --> 03:24:34,560 KNOW THAT THERE HAVE BEEN 5703 03:24:34,560 --> 03:24:36,200 EFFORTS TO INSURE REPRESENTATION 5704 03:24:36,200 --> 03:24:38,560 OF ALL GROUPS INCLUDING ASIANS, 5705 03:24:38,560 --> 03:24:39,960 SO REALLY HOPEFUL THAT WORK OF 5706 03:24:39,960 --> 03:24:43,080 THIS SORT AND OTHER 5707 03:24:43,080 --> 03:24:44,680 COLLABORATIONS THAT GET 5708 03:24:44,680 --> 03:24:45,680 GENERATED FROM OUR WORKSHOP 5709 03:24:45,680 --> 03:24:47,400 TODAY WILL BE ABLE TO ADDRESS 5710 03:24:47,400 --> 03:24:48,600 SOME OF THESE NEEDS. 5711 03:24:48,600 --> 03:24:57,680 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 5712 03:24:57,680 --> 03:25:00,000 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. LIU AND 5713 03:25:00,000 --> 03:25:04,080 NEXT UP WE HAVE DR. KHAN. 5714 03:25:04,080 --> 03:25:04,760 >> EXCELLENT THANK YOU SO MUCH 5715 03:25:04,760 --> 03:25:07,520 AND I WILL BE ABLE TO SHARE ONCE 5716 03:25:07,520 --> 03:25:18,040 DR. LIU HAS STOPPED SHARING. 5717 03:25:29,240 --> 03:25:30,520 >> HOPEFULLY THIS GIVES AUSAS 5718 03:25:30,520 --> 03:25:31,320 WELL AS CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES 5719 03:25:31,320 --> 03:25:34,480 AND WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM 5720 03:25:34,480 --> 03:25:37,680 CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH FOR 5721 03:25:37,680 --> 03:25:38,720 OUTCOMES IN COVID-19. 5722 03:25:38,720 --> 03:25:40,280 I HAVE 3 KEY POINTS I WANT TO 5723 03:25:40,280 --> 03:25:42,160 COVER OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL 5724 03:25:42,160 --> 03:25:42,720 MINUTES. 5725 03:25:42,720 --> 03:25:44,360 FIRST SOCIAL FACTORS ARE 5726 03:25:44,360 --> 03:25:44,920 IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF 5727 03:25:44,920 --> 03:25:46,720 OUTCOMES IN BOTH COVID-19 AND 5728 03:25:46,720 --> 03:25:47,400 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND THIS 5729 03:25:47,400 --> 03:25:48,560 BUILDS ON THE EXCELLENT TALKS 5730 03:25:48,560 --> 03:25:52,360 YOU HEARD SO FAR. 5731 03:25:52,360 --> 03:25:54,520 SECOND, PLACE BASED INIQUITIES 5732 03:25:54,520 --> 03:25:56,040 THAT INFORM SOWCIAL 5733 03:25:56,040 --> 03:25:56,880 VULNERABILITY REPRESENT 5734 03:25:56,880 --> 03:25:58,200 STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF 5735 03:25:58,200 --> 03:25:59,880 HEALTH OUTCOMES AND WE WILL LOOK 5736 03:25:59,880 --> 03:26:02,360 AT THE DATA IN PLACE OF 5737 03:26:02,360 --> 03:26:02,680 COVID-19. 5738 03:26:02,680 --> 03:26:05,720 SEX ASSIGNED AT BIRTH AND GENDER 5739 03:26:05,720 --> 03:26:07,840 IDENTITY INTERACT WITH SOCIAL 5740 03:26:07,840 --> 03:26:08,480 DETERMINANTS AND INFLUENCE 5741 03:26:08,480 --> 03:26:09,680 HEALTH AND I KNOW DR. PHIL 5742 03:26:09,680 --> 03:26:11,080 EPIGENETICS WILL FOLLOW ME WITH 5743 03:26:11,080 --> 03:26:12,080 MORE INDEPTH DISCUSSION OF THIS 5744 03:26:12,080 --> 03:26:12,680 AS WELL. 5745 03:26:12,680 --> 03:26:17,080 THIS IS AN OVERSLEE SIMPLIFIED 5746 03:26:17,080 --> 03:26:18,120 FLOW DIAGRAM AND WE'VE HEARD 5747 03:26:18,120 --> 03:26:20,080 ABOUT MANY OF THE ABOUT 5748 03:26:20,080 --> 03:26:21,120 IOLOGICAL FACTORS EARLIER THIS 5749 03:26:21,120 --> 03:26:22,920 MORNING THAT INTERACT WITH 5750 03:26:22,920 --> 03:26:24,000 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO PROVIDE 5751 03:26:24,000 --> 03:26:25,720 A SPECIFIC PHENOTYPE AND IN THE 5752 03:26:25,720 --> 03:26:27,400 CASE OF OOSK 19, THE DIDY GREE 5753 03:26:27,400 --> 03:26:29,400 OF SEVERITY AND OUTCOME AS WELL 5754 03:26:29,400 --> 03:26:30,680 AS FAR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 5755 03:26:30,680 --> 03:26:32,000 FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL MINUTES WE 5756 03:26:32,000 --> 03:26:34,080 WILL FOCUS ON PLACE AS AN ASPECT 5757 03:26:34,080 --> 03:26:35,360 OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND 5758 03:26:35,360 --> 03:26:36,320 SPECIFICALLY ON SOCIAL 5759 03:26:36,320 --> 03:26:38,240 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH WHICH ARE 5760 03:26:38,240 --> 03:26:41,040 DEFINED BY THE WORLD HEALTH 5761 03:26:41,040 --> 03:26:42,440 ORGANIZATION AND THE CONDITIONS 5762 03:26:42,440 --> 03:26:44,160 IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE GROWN, WORK 5763 03:26:44,160 --> 03:26:45,560 AND LIVE AND GROWN HERE ARE 5764 03:26:45,560 --> 03:26:46,960 THESE SPECIFIC FACTORS THAT 5765 03:26:46,960 --> 03:26:48,600 INTERSECT WITH WHERE SOMEONE 5766 03:26:48,600 --> 03:26:51,760 LIVES IN PARTICULARLY IN TERMS 5767 03:26:51,760 --> 03:26:53,160 OF PLACE WITH INCOME AND 5768 03:26:53,160 --> 03:26:55,200 ECONOMIC STABILITY AND 5769 03:26:55,200 --> 03:26:56,480 EDUCATION, FOOD INSECURITY, 5770 03:26:56,480 --> 03:26:57,720 STABLE HOUSING SOCIAL INCLUSION 5771 03:26:57,720 --> 03:27:05,560 AND DISCRIMINATION AS WELL AS 5772 03:27:05,560 --> 03:27:07,360 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE. 5773 03:27:07,360 --> 03:27:08,240 PLACE BASED INIQUITIES ARE 5774 03:27:08,240 --> 03:27:10,400 PARENT AND HAVE BEEN SINCE THE 5775 03:27:10,400 --> 03:27:11,640 BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC. 5776 03:27:11,640 --> 03:27:13,640 DATA FROM THE EARLIEST SURGE IN 5777 03:27:13,640 --> 03:27:16,080 NEW YORK ARE SHOWN HERE. 5778 03:27:16,080 --> 03:27:17,720 FOR HOSPITAL IEGZS AND THOSE 5779 03:27:17,720 --> 03:27:18,840 WITH HOPPULATION. 5780 03:27:18,840 --> 03:27:20,080 PARTICULARLY, ACROSS THE 5781 03:27:20,080 --> 03:27:21,800 NEW YORK CITY BURROS THOSE 5782 03:27:21,800 --> 03:27:23,360 LIVING IN THE FRONKS WERE MORE 5783 03:27:23,360 --> 03:27:24,400 LIKELY TO GET HOSPITALIZED AND 5784 03:27:24,400 --> 03:27:27,800 MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM 5785 03:27:27,800 --> 03:27:28,080 COVID-19. 5786 03:27:28,080 --> 03:27:29,480 THIS SHOULDN'T BE SURPRISING AND 5787 03:27:29,480 --> 03:27:31,680 IS VERY CONSIST WENT GEOGRAPHIC 5788 03:27:31,680 --> 03:27:33,160 PATTERNING THAT'S BEEN OBSERVED 5789 03:27:33,160 --> 03:27:34,560 FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AS 5790 03:27:34,560 --> 03:27:34,880 WELL. 5791 03:27:34,880 --> 03:27:37,760 SHOWN HERE ARE NEIGHBORHOOD 5792 03:27:37,760 --> 03:27:39,040 LEVEL DATA FOR 3 LARGE 5793 03:27:39,040 --> 03:27:41,880 METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE UNITED 5794 03:27:41,880 --> 03:27:42,720 STATES, CHICAGO, WASHINGTON D. 5795 03:27:42,720 --> 03:27:43,800 C. AND NEW ORLEANS. 5796 03:27:43,800 --> 03:27:46,680 IN THE TOP 3 PANELS ARE AGE 5797 03:27:46,680 --> 03:27:47,640 ADJUSTED PREVALENCE OF CORONARY 5798 03:27:47,640 --> 03:27:49,520 HEART DISEASE AND THE LOWER 3 5799 03:27:49,520 --> 03:27:51,280 PANELS ARE THE SOARNL 5800 03:27:51,280 --> 03:27:52,280 VULNERABILITY INDEX IN NEEZ 3 5801 03:27:52,280 --> 03:27:53,520 AREAS IN 1 CITY. 5802 03:27:53,520 --> 03:27:55,160 THE DARKER PLURIBU AND THE 5803 03:27:55,160 --> 03:27:57,840 DARKER RED OVERHAY, AND 5804 03:27:57,840 --> 03:27:59,440 REPRESENT HIGHER RATES OF 5805 03:27:59,440 --> 03:28:01,640 CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN AREAS 5806 03:28:01,640 --> 03:28:02,840 OF HIGHER SOCIAL VULNERABILITY. 5807 03:28:02,840 --> 03:28:05,120 THIS TYPE OF JAIRGZ AND ALSO 5808 03:28:05,120 --> 03:28:07,760 SEEN AT THE LARGER NATIONAL 5809 03:28:07,760 --> 03:28:09,200 LEVEL AND SHOWN HERE ARE DATA 5810 03:28:09,200 --> 03:28:11,760 FROM THE U.S. SMALL AREAS LIFE 5811 03:28:11,760 --> 03:28:13,000 EXPECTANCY ESTIMATES PROJECT 5812 03:28:13,000 --> 03:28:15,560 THAT SHOWS SIGNIFICANT VARIATION 5813 03:28:15,560 --> 03:28:17,240 ACROSS THE UNITED STATES OR LIFE 5814 03:28:17,240 --> 03:28:18,240 EXPECTANCY AT FIRST AND HAD IS 5815 03:28:18,240 --> 03:28:20,280 PRIOR TO THE BEGENERATED 5816 03:28:20,280 --> 03:28:22,400 BEGINNING OF THE COVID-19 5817 03:28:22,400 --> 03:28:24,640 PANDEMIC WHERE WE'VE SEEN 5818 03:28:24,640 --> 03:28:25,680 SIGNIFICANTLY DISCUSSED CHANGES 5819 03:28:25,680 --> 03:28:28,720 IN LIFE EXPECTANCY AS A RESULT 5820 03:28:28,720 --> 03:28:29,800 OF PREMATURE MORTALITY RELATED 5821 03:28:29,800 --> 03:28:32,160 TO COVID-19 THAT HAS BEEN 5822 03:28:32,160 --> 03:28:32,720 PROPORTIONATELY DRIEWBTED. 5823 03:28:32,720 --> 03:28:33,920 AS CAN YOU SEE, AREAS IN THE RED 5824 03:28:33,920 --> 03:28:35,440 IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST THAT 5825 03:28:35,440 --> 03:28:37,760 ARE CLUSTERED HAVE A LIFE 5826 03:28:37,760 --> 03:28:38,840 EXPECTANCY LESS THAN 75. 5827 03:28:38,840 --> 03:28:40,360 COMPARED WITH OTHER AREAS 5828 03:28:40,360 --> 03:28:45,800 RANGING AS HIGH AS 80-98. 5829 03:28:45,800 --> 03:28:47,840 IF WE THINK ABOUT THE UPSTREAM 5830 03:28:47,840 --> 03:28:49,520 ROOT CAUSES OF THESE DISPARITIES 5831 03:28:49,520 --> 03:28:51,840 IN LIFE EXPECTANCY WE CAN GO 5832 03:28:51,840 --> 03:28:53,920 BACK TO RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION 5833 03:28:53,920 --> 03:28:56,480 AND SHOB IN THE GREEN AREA ARE 5834 03:28:56,480 --> 03:28:57,480 AREAS WITH HIGHEST SEGREGATION 5835 03:28:57,480 --> 03:29:00,080 THAT OVERLAP WITH AREAS WITH 5836 03:29:00,080 --> 03:29:02,680 LOWEST LIFE EXPECTANCY THIS, IS 5837 03:29:02,680 --> 03:29:06,720 RELATED TO DISCRIMINATORY 5838 03:29:06,720 --> 03:29:10,280 POLICIES AND PRACTICES THAT LEAD 5839 03:29:10,280 --> 03:29:11,040 TO DISADVANTAGEOUS COMMUNITIES 5840 03:29:11,040 --> 03:29:12,600 WHERE THEY HAVE FEWER 5841 03:29:12,600 --> 03:29:23,000 OPPORTUNITIES AND LESS 5842 03:29:25,600 --> 03:29:26,480 SOCIOECONOMIC INVESTMENT AND 5843 03:29:26,480 --> 03:29:28,040 INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN 5844 03:29:28,040 --> 03:29:29,440 HEGHT OUTCOMES, THIS RECENT 5845 03:29:29,440 --> 03:29:30,400 ANALYSIS LOOKED AT EXTREME HEAT 5846 03:29:30,400 --> 03:29:33,240 DAYS IN THE SUMMER TIME BETWEEN 5847 03:29:33,240 --> 03:29:35,360 2008 AND 20 SNEAN IN THE UNITED 5848 03:29:35,360 --> 03:29:36,760 STATES AND YOU CAN SEE 5849 03:29:36,760 --> 03:29:38,240 CLUSTERING AGAIN AND AGAIN IF 5850 03:29:38,240 --> 03:29:39,600 THE SOUTHEAST, HIGHER TOTAL 5851 03:29:39,600 --> 03:29:41,040 NUMBER OF EXTREME HEAT DAYS, 5852 03:29:41,040 --> 03:29:42,560 THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 5853 03:29:42,560 --> 03:29:44,640 GREATER INCREASE IN ALL CAUSE 5854 03:29:44,640 --> 03:29:46,320 MORTALITY THAT WAS 5855 03:29:46,320 --> 03:29:47,160 DISPROPORTIONATELY DISTRIBUTED 5856 03:29:47,160 --> 03:29:47,720 AMONG NONHISPANIC BLACK 5857 03:29:47,720 --> 03:29:51,440 INDIVIDUALS IN THESE AREAS. 5858 03:29:51,440 --> 03:29:53,760 SO IF WE GO PAST THE FIRST WAVE 5859 03:29:53,760 --> 03:29:55,600 AND LOOK AT THE INTERSECTION 5860 03:29:55,600 --> 03:29:57,680 BETWEEN SEX, INCAS AND RACE 5861 03:29:57,680 --> 03:29:59,080 ETHNICITY DATA THAT'S AVAILABLE 5862 03:29:59,080 --> 03:30:01,720 FOR COVID-19, WE SEE 3 DIFFERENT 5863 03:30:01,720 --> 03:30:08,480 PATTERNS ACROSS THE COVID-19 5864 03:30:08,480 --> 03:30:09,080 PERIODS. 5865 03:30:09,080 --> 03:30:11,720 FOR BLACK WOMEN, WHITE WOMEN, 5866 03:30:11,720 --> 03:30:14,720 AND IN THE LIGHT BLUE IS THE 5867 03:30:14,720 --> 03:30:16,680 WORRIED BETWEEN JULY AND 5868 03:30:16,680 --> 03:30:17,360 OCTOBER 2021 WHEN VACCINES WERE 5869 03:30:17,360 --> 03:30:19,160 AVAILABLE AND YOU CAN SEE THERE 5870 03:30:19,160 --> 03:30:20,640 WAS A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN 5871 03:30:20,640 --> 03:30:22,720 COVID-19 DEATH RATES AND EACH OF 5872 03:30:22,720 --> 03:30:24,720 THESE 3 RACE GROUPS FOR OALTDER 5873 03:30:24,720 --> 03:30:26,720 ADULTS 80 AND OLDER. 5874 03:30:26,720 --> 03:30:29,080 BUT IN FACT, THE DEATH RATE FOR 5875 03:30:29,080 --> 03:30:30,160 YOUNGER ADULTS INCREASED AND 5876 03:30:30,160 --> 03:30:31,520 PARTICULARLY AMONG BLACK AND 5877 03:30:31,520 --> 03:30:32,920 HISPANIC WOMEN IT WAS MUCH 5878 03:30:32,920 --> 03:30:43,360 HIGHER THAN THAT FOR WHITE 5879 03:30:48,880 --> 03:30:50,680 WOMEN, UNDER 50. 5880 03:30:50,680 --> 03:30:53,240 --UPTHROUGH APRIL 21, AND ON THE 5881 03:30:53,240 --> 03:30:55,320 ACCESS PERCENT OF THAT 5882 03:30:55,320 --> 03:30:56,480 NEIGHBORHOOD VACCINATED AND 5883 03:30:56,480 --> 03:30:57,920 COUNTER INTUITIVE, THOSE AREAS 5884 03:30:57,920 --> 03:31:02,160 THAT HAD A HIGHER HISTORICAL 5885 03:31:02,160 --> 03:31:08,440 RATE HAD A LOWER RATE. 5886 03:31:08,440 --> 03:31:10,080 ONE THING THAT WAS APPARENT IS 5887 03:31:10,080 --> 03:31:11,600 THE AREAS WITH THE LOWEST 5888 03:31:11,600 --> 03:31:14,640 VACCINATION RATE HAD THE HIGHEST 5889 03:31:14,640 --> 03:31:16,440 PROPORTION OF NONHISPANIC BLACK 5890 03:31:16,440 --> 03:31:16,680 ADULTS. 5891 03:31:16,680 --> 03:31:18,520 IN AN IMPORTANT AREA WHERE 5892 03:31:18,520 --> 03:31:19,960 MISINFORMATION WITH BE IMPORTANT 5893 03:31:19,960 --> 03:31:25,400 STRUCTURAL FACTOR THAT THEY BE 5894 03:31:25,400 --> 03:31:27,600 CONTRIBUTING TO INIQUITIES AND 5895 03:31:27,600 --> 03:31:30,000 PREVENTIBLE DEATHS IF WE DIG 5896 03:31:30,000 --> 03:31:32,720 DEEPER ON THESE AND VACCINATION, 5897 03:31:32,720 --> 03:31:34,120 CHICAGO FROM MY HOME TOWN SHOWN 5898 03:31:34,120 --> 03:31:39,760 IN THE BLUE MAP ARE VACCINATION 5899 03:31:39,760 --> 03:31:41,520 LEVELS AS OF AUGUST 1, 2021. 5900 03:31:41,520 --> 03:31:43,920 CAN YOU SEE VARIATION ACROSS THE 5901 03:31:43,920 --> 03:31:45,040 CITY OF CHICAGO. 5902 03:31:45,040 --> 03:31:46,480 SECOND PANEL SHOWS COVID DEATHS 5903 03:31:46,480 --> 03:31:57,000 FROM AUGUST 1 TO NOVEMBER 6 AND 5904 03:31:57,240 --> 03:31:59,760 WEPT TO HAVE MORE DEATH RATES IN 5905 03:31:59,760 --> 03:32:01,080 AREAS THAT WERE DISADVANTAGESSED 5906 03:32:01,080 --> 03:32:03,400 AND IF WE LOOK AT THE 5907 03:32:03,400 --> 03:32:05,040 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CODES 5908 03:32:05,040 --> 03:32:07,520 THAT HAD THE TORTILE, WE SEE A 5909 03:32:07,520 --> 03:32:09,600 GREATER PROPORTION OF WOMEN, AND 5910 03:32:09,600 --> 03:32:11,640 A SIGNIFICANTLY PROPORTION OF 5911 03:32:11,640 --> 03:32:12,880 NONHISPANIC BLACK INDIVIDUALS AT 5912 03:32:12,880 --> 03:32:19,360 80% COMPARED TO WIT% IN THE MOST 5913 03:32:19,360 --> 03:32:19,920 VACCINATED CORTILE. 5914 03:32:19,920 --> 03:32:21,720 NOW WE'VE HAD GREAT DISCUSSIONS 5915 03:32:21,720 --> 03:32:24,200 ALREADY ABOUT THE 5916 03:32:24,200 --> 03:32:25,160 INTERSECTIONALITY LENS WHEN 5917 03:32:25,160 --> 03:32:26,920 WE'RE ASSIGNING SEX AT BIRTH, 5918 03:32:26,920 --> 03:32:30,280 GENDER IDENTITY AND OVERLAYING 5919 03:32:30,280 --> 03:32:33,360 THAT WE PLACE RACE, ETHNICITY, 5920 03:32:33,360 --> 03:32:34,640 NATIVITY, DISABILITY, RPGHT 5921 03:32:34,640 --> 03:32:36,880 FACTORS THAT 1 MY IDENTIFY AS AS 5922 03:32:36,880 --> 03:32:38,040 WELL AS STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL 5923 03:32:38,040 --> 03:32:41,800 FORCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO 5924 03:32:41,800 --> 03:32:42,800 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE. 5925 03:32:42,800 --> 03:32:44,080 PARTICULARLY, DURING THE 5926 03:32:44,080 --> 03:32:46,200 PANDEMIC, ASIDE FROM THE VIRUS, 5927 03:32:46,200 --> 03:32:48,760 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PANDEMIC 5928 03:32:48,760 --> 03:32:50,480 ITSELF IN SOCIAL AND 5929 03:32:50,480 --> 03:32:51,880 PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS HAS BEEN 5930 03:32:51,880 --> 03:32:53,720 REALLY RELEVANT AS DR. LIU 5931 03:32:53,720 --> 03:32:54,480 POINTED OUT. 5932 03:32:54,480 --> 03:32:56,200 SHOWN HERE ARE UNEMPLOYMENT 5933 03:32:56,200 --> 03:32:58,280 RATES BY SEX, RACE ETHNICITY AND 5934 03:32:58,280 --> 03:32:58,800 DISABILITY. 5935 03:32:58,800 --> 03:33:00,680 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT OVERALL, 5936 03:33:00,680 --> 03:33:03,120 WOMEN HAVE MUCH HIGHER 5937 03:33:03,120 --> 03:33:05,600 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES SINCE THE 5938 03:33:05,600 --> 03:33:07,120 BEGIN OF THE PANDEMIC AND IN 5939 03:33:07,120 --> 03:33:08,560 FACT 1 POPULATION HAS THE 5940 03:33:08,560 --> 03:33:09,960 HIGHEST RATE, WOMEN WITH 5941 03:33:09,960 --> 03:33:11,400 DISABILITIES HAVE AN 8% 5942 03:33:11,400 --> 03:33:12,800 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE. 5943 03:33:12,800 --> 03:33:15,720 THIS HAS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON 5944 03:33:15,720 --> 03:33:18,400 FINANCIAL STRESS AS WELL AS 5945 03:33:18,400 --> 03:33:18,920 PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND 5946 03:33:18,920 --> 03:33:20,680 PARTICULARLY BECAUSE 2 OUT OF 3 5947 03:33:20,680 --> 03:33:22,400 CAREGIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES 5948 03:33:22,400 --> 03:33:25,280 ARE WOMEN THIS MAY LEAD TO 5949 03:33:25,280 --> 03:33:27,640 AVOIDANCE OF OWN HEALTHCARE AND 5950 03:33:27,640 --> 03:33:28,240 WORSE OUTCOMES. 5951 03:33:28,240 --> 03:33:29,920 IN FACT A KAISER FAMILY 5952 03:33:29,920 --> 03:33:32,320 FOUNDATION SURVEY IN NOVEMBER OF 5953 03:33:32,320 --> 03:33:34,160 2020 SHOWN HERE DEMONSTRATE THAD 5954 03:33:34,160 --> 03:33:35,560 A LARGER SHARE OF WOMEN HAVE 5955 03:33:35,560 --> 03:33:37,680 GONE WITHOUT HEALTHCARE SERVICES 5956 03:33:37,680 --> 03:33:38,760 DURING THE PANDEMIC PARTICULARLY 5957 03:33:38,760 --> 03:33:41,080 WOMEN IN FAIR OR POOR HEALTH 5958 03:33:41,080 --> 03:33:41,880 WHICH INCLUDED PREVENTIVE 5959 03:33:41,880 --> 03:33:43,640 SERVICES AS WELL AS SKIPPED A 5960 03:33:43,640 --> 03:33:45,800 RECOMMENDED MEDICAL TEST OR 5961 03:33:45,800 --> 03:33:46,200 TREATMENT. 5962 03:33:46,200 --> 03:33:48,400 >> TWO MIN UTRS LEFT. 5963 03:33:48,400 --> 03:33:51,920 >> WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE 5964 03:33:51,920 --> 03:33:54,120 INTERSECTION OF DISPARITIES AND 5965 03:33:54,120 --> 03:33:56,560 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND SEX 5966 03:33:56,560 --> 03:33:56,880 DIFFERENCES. 5967 03:33:56,880 --> 03:33:59,000 SHOWN HERE ARE DATA FROM THE 5968 03:33:59,000 --> 03:34:00,440 CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT 5969 03:34:00,440 --> 03:34:05,720 IN YOUNG ADULTS STUDY OR THE 5970 03:34:05,720 --> 03:34:07,040 CARDIO STUDY, YOU CAN SEE IN THE 5971 03:34:07,040 --> 03:34:08,120 FIRST PANEL INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE 5972 03:34:08,120 --> 03:34:10,120 BLACK HAD HIGHER RATE OF 5973 03:34:10,120 --> 03:34:10,680 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE THAN 5974 03:34:10,680 --> 03:34:12,080 INDIVIDUAL WHO IS ARE WHITE AND 5975 03:34:12,080 --> 03:34:16,120 NO 1'S SURPRISED BY THAT. 5976 03:34:16,120 --> 03:34:16,800 THAT'S WELL ESTABLISHED BUT WHAT 5977 03:34:16,800 --> 03:34:18,600 I WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUT IS 5978 03:34:18,600 --> 03:34:20,400 THAT IN THIS SAMPLE BLACK WOMEN 5979 03:34:20,400 --> 03:34:22,600 HAD A SIMILAR INCIDENT RATE OF 5980 03:34:22,600 --> 03:34:23,600 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AS WHITE 5981 03:34:23,600 --> 03:34:26,240 MEN AND PARTICULARLY FOR 5982 03:34:26,240 --> 03:34:27,040 PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 5983 03:34:27,040 --> 03:34:28,440 UNDER THE AGE OF 65 THIS IS 5984 03:34:28,440 --> 03:34:30,240 STRIKING WHEN WE THINK OF MEN 5985 03:34:30,240 --> 03:34:32,080 HAVING MUCH HIGHER RATES OF 5986 03:34:32,080 --> 03:34:33,480 CARDIOVASCULAR DEC IN THIS AGE 5987 03:34:33,480 --> 03:34:34,400 GROUP. 5988 03:34:34,400 --> 03:34:36,680 IF WE LOOK AT FACTORS THAT 5989 03:34:36,680 --> 03:34:39,760 EXPLAIN RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN 5990 03:34:39,760 --> 03:34:41,040 THESE 2 GROUPS, 1 THING THAT 5991 03:34:41,040 --> 03:34:42,920 COMES OUT AS BEING DIFFERENT 5992 03:34:42,920 --> 03:34:45,720 BETWEEN THE 2 IS NEIGHBORHOOD 5993 03:34:45,720 --> 03:34:47,800 FACTORS LIKE SEGREGATION AND 5994 03:34:47,800 --> 03:34:48,240 NEIGHBORHOOD POVERTY 5995 03:34:48,240 --> 03:34:51,600 PARTICULARLY AMONG WOMEN AND 5996 03:34:51,600 --> 03:34:56,040 IECIAL INDENSES AND INCIDENT OF 5997 03:34:56,040 --> 03:34:58,000 CVD WERE EXPLAINED BY 5998 03:34:58,000 --> 03:34:59,920 NEIGHBORHOOD FACTORS FOR 5999 03:34:59,920 --> 03:35:00,920 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERVENTION. 6000 03:35:00,920 --> 03:35:02,040 OTHER STRUCTURAL FACTORS THAT 6001 03:35:02,040 --> 03:35:04,880 NEED BE ACCOUNTED FOR INCLUDE 6002 03:35:04,880 --> 03:35:05,960 NEIGHBORHOOD EXPERIENCES AND 1 6003 03:35:05,960 --> 03:35:07,680 UNIQUE FACTOR MAY BE 6004 03:35:07,680 --> 03:35:08,280 NEIGHBORHOOD POLICE VIOLENCE. 6005 03:35:08,280 --> 03:35:10,040 IN THIS STUDY FROM AN ELECTRONIC 6006 03:35:10,040 --> 03:35:13,920 HEALTH RECORD OF AN INTEGRATED 6007 03:35:13,920 --> 03:35:15,760 HEALTH SYSTEM BETWEEN 2018, 6008 03:35:15,760 --> 03:35:17,600 NEIGHBORHOODS WITH HIGHER 6009 03:35:17,600 --> 03:35:18,320 ETIONZ'RE EXCESSIVE FORCE 6010 03:35:18,320 --> 03:35:19,880 COMPLAINTS WERE ASSOCIATE WIDE 6011 03:35:19,880 --> 03:35:21,520 HIGHER RATES OF PRETERM BIRTH 6012 03:35:21,520 --> 03:35:22,880 AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE WHICH 6013 03:35:22,880 --> 03:35:24,520 IS REEL KEEPSAKES HAVEN'T FOR 6014 03:35:24,520 --> 03:35:25,640 THE BIRTHING INDIVIDUAL AND 6015 03:35:25,640 --> 03:35:26,720 OFFSPRING AND ACROSS GENERATIONS 6016 03:35:26,720 --> 03:35:28,400 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE ENTIRE 6017 03:35:28,400 --> 03:35:29,040 LIFE COURSE. 6018 03:35:29,040 --> 03:35:31,520 SHOWN HERE AS A CONCEPTUAL 6019 03:35:31,520 --> 03:35:35,840 FRAMEWORK OF HOW WE CONSIDER 6020 03:35:35,840 --> 03:35:37,880 HELT PROMOTING AND HEALTH 6021 03:35:37,880 --> 03:35:39,960 FACTORS FROM DR. KERSHAW. 6022 03:35:39,960 --> 03:35:42,520 WHAT I LIKE IN THIS DIAGRAM IS 6023 03:35:42,520 --> 03:35:43,080 THERE'S OPPORTUNITIES FOR 6024 03:35:43,080 --> 03:35:43,840 INTERVENTION AS WE THINK ABOUT 6025 03:35:43,840 --> 03:35:46,400 WHERE WE NEED TO GO NEXT. 6026 03:35:46,400 --> 03:35:47,840 PARTICULARLY THE IMPORTANCE OF 6027 03:35:47,840 --> 03:35:50,600 HIGH QUALITY STABLE AFFORDABLE 6028 03:35:50,600 --> 03:35:51,800 HOUSING, EDUCATIONAL 6029 03:35:51,800 --> 03:35:54,440 OPPORTUNITIES AND INVESTMENT, 6030 03:35:54,440 --> 03:35:56,640 WEALTH ACCUMULATION, AFFORDABLE 6031 03:35:56,640 --> 03:35:58,480 HEALTHCARE, HEALTH PROMOTING 6032 03:35:58,480 --> 03:36:00,320 BUILD AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 6033 03:36:00,320 --> 03:36:02,520 TO IRPT VENE ON WEATHERING AND 6034 03:36:02,520 --> 03:36:06,160 POOR REPAIFERSS AND RISK OF CVD 6035 03:36:06,160 --> 03:36:07,680 AND WE COMPLETED WITH 3 KEY 6036 03:36:07,680 --> 03:36:09,000 POINTS IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE 6037 03:36:09,000 --> 03:36:11,880 GAPS AND FUTURE RESEARCH. 6038 03:36:11,880 --> 03:36:13,960 FIRST SUBPOPULATIONS OF SEX AND 6039 03:36:13,960 --> 03:36:16,520 GENDER MINORITY INDIVIDUALS 6040 03:36:16,520 --> 03:36:17,040 REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED, 6041 03:36:17,040 --> 03:36:18,120 UNDERREPORTED AND UNDER 6042 03:36:18,120 --> 03:36:19,400 REPRESENTED PARTICULARLY WITH 6043 03:36:19,400 --> 03:36:21,840 HIGH SOCIAL VULNERABILITY, THIS 6044 03:36:21,840 --> 03:36:25,120 INCLUDES POPULATIONS LIKE WOMEN 6045 03:36:25,120 --> 03:36:27,160 WITH DISABILITIES. 6046 03:36:27,160 --> 03:36:27,960 SECOND, ENGAGEMENT OF 6047 03:36:27,960 --> 03:36:29,280 COMMUNITIES AND KEY STAKEHOLDER 6048 03:36:29,280 --> 03:36:30,360 SYSTEM CRITICAL PARTICULARLY IN 6049 03:36:30,360 --> 03:36:33,400 IRBIAS WITH POOR COVID-19 AND 6050 03:36:33,400 --> 03:36:34,520 CVD OUTCOMES. 6051 03:36:34,520 --> 03:36:35,720 CONSIDERING NEIGHBORHOODS THAT 6052 03:36:35,720 --> 03:36:37,120 HAVE HAWAII RATES OF BOTH OF 6053 03:36:37,120 --> 03:36:39,400 THESE ADVERSE OUT COMES AS KEY 6054 03:36:39,400 --> 03:36:40,840 AREAS TO TARGET. 6055 03:36:40,840 --> 03:36:41,880 AND THIRD, FOCUSING ON 6056 03:36:41,880 --> 03:36:43,760 INTERVENTIONS TO TARGET 6057 03:36:43,760 --> 03:36:44,600 STRUCTURAL RACISM AND 6058 03:36:44,600 --> 03:36:45,760 DISCRIMINATION, WHICH ARE THE 6059 03:36:45,760 --> 03:36:47,480 ROOT CAUSES OF THESE HEALTH 6060 03:36:47,480 --> 03:36:48,240 DISPARITIES AND UNDERSTANDING 6061 03:36:48,240 --> 03:36:50,440 WHAT IS NEEDED TO FURTHER THE 6062 03:36:50,440 --> 03:36:52,880 EVIDENCE SPACE TO BEGIN TO 6063 03:36:52,880 --> 03:36:53,920 CREATE THESE INTERVENTIONS. 6064 03:36:53,920 --> 03:36:56,920 THANK YOU SO MUCH TO YOUR TIME 6065 03:36:56,920 --> 03:36:57,520 AND ATTENTION. 6066 03:36:57,520 --> 03:36:58,960 LOOK FORWARD TO THE DISCUSSION 6067 03:36:58,960 --> 03:37:06,920 WITH THE PANEL. 6068 03:37:06,920 --> 03:37:09,320 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. KAHN. 6069 03:37:09,320 --> 03:37:12,200 AND NOW I AM DELIGHTED TO TURN 6070 03:37:12,200 --> 03:37:14,520 IT OVER TO DR. PHIL EPIGENETICS. 6071 03:37:14,520 --> 03:37:15,480 >> THANKS SO MUCH FOR HAVING US, 6072 03:37:15,480 --> 03:37:17,160 I THINK YOU WILL HEAR A LOT OF 6073 03:37:17,160 --> 03:37:21,560 SIMILAR THINGS IN MY TALK AS YOU 6074 03:37:21,560 --> 03:37:23,680 HEARD FROM DR. KHAN, EVEN THOAR 6075 03:37:23,680 --> 03:37:25,320 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT DIFFERENT 6076 03:37:25,320 --> 03:37:27,720 TOPICS, I WILL TALK TO BUT 6077 03:37:27,720 --> 03:37:30,960 SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL COVID-19 6078 03:37:30,960 --> 03:37:33,160 DISPARITIES IN TRANSGENDER AND 6079 03:37:33,160 --> 03:37:33,760 GENDER MINORITY COMMUNITIES. 6080 03:37:33,760 --> 03:37:35,200 SO NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST TO 6081 03:37:35,200 --> 03:37:35,440 REPORT. 6082 03:37:35,440 --> 03:37:37,120 WANT TO START OFF WITH QUICK 6083 03:37:37,120 --> 03:37:38,080 DEFINITIONS SINCE I KNOW WE 6084 03:37:38,080 --> 03:37:41,040 TALKED A LITTLE BIT ABOUT SEX 6085 03:37:41,040 --> 03:37:42,480 AND GENDER DIFFERENCES BUT NOT 6086 03:37:42,480 --> 03:37:44,560 AS MUCH INDEPTH AS I WILL GET 6087 03:37:44,560 --> 03:37:45,960 INTO AT THIS TALK. 6088 03:37:45,960 --> 03:37:48,440 SO SEX ASSIGNED AT BIRTH OR SAB 6089 03:37:48,440 --> 03:37:50,080 IS A SEX RECORD OFFICE OF 6090 03:37:50,080 --> 03:37:52,080 DIVERSITY 1'S BIRTH SERIES 6091 03:37:52,080 --> 03:37:52,480 POINTS TAIFICATE. 6092 03:37:52,480 --> 03:37:54,480 GENDER IDENTITY HOW THEY 6093 03:37:54,480 --> 03:37:56,320 INTERPRETS THEIR GENDER, YOU MAY 6094 03:37:56,320 --> 03:38:00,040 SEE THIS MALE, FEMALE, GENDER 6095 03:38:00,040 --> 03:38:02,560 NONCONFORMING OR NONBINARY, 6096 03:38:02,560 --> 03:38:04,920 GENDER MODALITY IS WHETHER 6097 03:38:04,920 --> 03:38:06,880 SOMEONE'S CURRENT GENDER 6098 03:38:06,880 --> 03:38:09,360 IDENTITY CORRESPONDS WITH THEIR 6099 03:38:09,360 --> 03:38:13,760 SAAB, SO THIS IS CISGENDER OR 6100 03:38:13,760 --> 03:38:15,400 TRANSGENDER, TRANSGENDER IS 6101 03:38:15,400 --> 03:38:16,680 SOMEONE WHOSE GENDER IDENTITY 6102 03:38:16,680 --> 03:38:20,360 DOES NOT CORRESPOND WITH SAAB, 6103 03:38:20,360 --> 03:38:21,320 AND GENDER NONCONFORMING IS 6104 03:38:21,320 --> 03:38:22,600 SOMEONE WHOSE GENDER IESHES 6105 03:38:22,600 --> 03:38:24,800 DENTITY DOES NOT FIT NEATLY INTO 6106 03:38:24,800 --> 03:38:26,680 THE SOCIAL BINARY CATEGORS. 6107 03:38:26,680 --> 03:38:29,320 THERE ARE MORE DEFINITIONS, I 6108 03:38:29,320 --> 03:38:30,520 WON'T GO INTO THEM BECAUSE 6109 03:38:30,520 --> 03:38:32,040 THAT'S A LONG TALK ON THEIR OWN, 6110 03:38:32,040 --> 03:38:33,280 BUT I WANTED TO ESTABLISH THOSE 6111 03:38:33,280 --> 03:38:35,120 BEFORE I TALK ABOUT THESE 6112 03:38:35,120 --> 03:38:36,640 IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON THESE 6113 03:38:36,640 --> 03:38:37,000 POPULATIONS. 6114 03:38:37,000 --> 03:38:39,680 SO PRIOR TO EARLY 2201 THERE WAS 6115 03:38:39,680 --> 03:38:41,320 NOT VERY MUCH DAT ON COVID-19 6116 03:38:41,320 --> 03:38:43,360 IMPACTS ON SEXUAL OR GENDER 6117 03:38:43,360 --> 03:38:43,880 MOOINORRITY POPULATIONS. 6118 03:38:43,880 --> 03:38:46,800 THIS WAS DUE TO A NUMBER OF 6119 03:38:46,800 --> 03:38:47,440 REASONS. 6120 03:38:47,440 --> 03:38:50,160 WE KNOW COVID-19 SURVEILLANCE 6121 03:38:50,160 --> 03:38:54,600 DATA WAS COLLECTED FROM THE 6122 03:38:54,600 --> 03:38:56,760 BEGINNING SEXUAL ORIENT AND 6123 03:38:56,760 --> 03:38:57,920 GENDER IDENTITY WERE NOT 6124 03:38:57,920 --> 03:39:00,080 COLLECTED IN THESE, WITH THE FEW 6125 03:39:00,080 --> 03:39:02,240 EXCEPTIONS CROSS LINKING BENS 6126 03:39:02,240 --> 03:39:03,760 PENS PENINSULA EACH MUCH THESE 6127 03:39:03,760 --> 03:39:05,200 JURISDICTIONS HAD THEIR OWN 6128 03:39:05,200 --> 03:39:07,480 LIMITATIONS IN HOW THEY 6129 03:39:07,480 --> 03:39:12,200 COLLECTED THE DATA AND HOW THEY 6130 03:39:12,200 --> 03:39:19,640 SHARED SO THERE WAS LITTLE 6131 03:39:19,640 --> 03:39:21,320 EVERYDAY IMPACT OF COVID-19, 6132 03:39:21,320 --> 03:39:24,160 ADDITIONALLY THERE WAS LACK OF 6133 03:39:24,160 --> 03:39:25,680 EVIDENT ON COVID-19 OUTCOMES 6134 03:39:25,680 --> 03:39:27,080 AMONG THESE POPULATIONS, SO AS 6135 03:39:27,080 --> 03:39:30,480 MUCH AS NIH AND OTHER FUNDING 6136 03:39:30,480 --> 03:39:32,160 BODIES SUPPORTED COVID-19 6137 03:39:32,160 --> 03:39:36,400 STUDIES AND TRIALS, NONE OF THEM 6138 03:39:36,400 --> 03:39:38,920 COLLECTED SOGI, SO WE DIDN'T SEE 6139 03:39:38,920 --> 03:39:41,040 ANY SOCIAL OR GENDER IDENTITY 6140 03:39:41,040 --> 03:39:42,000 INFORMATION RECORDED SO WE WERE 6141 03:39:42,000 --> 03:39:44,000 UNABLE TO SEE WHETHER THERE WERE 6142 03:39:44,000 --> 03:39:47,160 ANY DIFFERENCES BASED ON GENDER 6143 03:39:47,160 --> 03:39:49,440 IDENTITY, GENDER MODALITY, ANY 6144 03:39:49,440 --> 03:39:51,200 OF THESE THINGS. 6145 03:39:51,200 --> 03:39:53,640 SO, AT THE BEGINNING AT LEAST AT 6146 03:39:53,640 --> 03:40:03,480 THE END OF 2020, SOME NEW 6147 03:40:03,480 --> 03:40:04,080 FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED. 6148 03:40:04,080 --> 03:40:06,800 SO 2 OF THESE CAME OUT IN 6149 03:40:06,800 --> 03:40:08,240 FEBRUARY TWEBT 21, 1 MUCH IN, 6150 03:40:08,240 --> 03:40:10,040 MWR THAT USED DATA FROM THE 6151 03:40:10,040 --> 03:40:11,560 BEHAVIORIAL RISK FACTOR 6152 03:40:11,560 --> 03:40:12,000 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM. 6153 03:40:12,000 --> 03:40:13,040 THIS ONLY REPORT OFFICE OF 6154 03:40:13,040 --> 03:40:13,920 DIVERSITY SEXUAL ORIENTATION, 6155 03:40:13,920 --> 03:40:17,760 THEY DID NOT DISCUSS GENDER 6156 03:40:17,760 --> 03:40:18,000 IDENTITY. 6157 03:40:18,000 --> 03:40:19,040 AND THE WILLIAMS INSTITUTE THAT 6158 03:40:19,040 --> 03:40:21,720 CAME OUT AT THE SAME TIME PROVED 6159 03:40:21,720 --> 03:40:23,840 ALL LESBIAN GAY, BISEXUAL AND 6160 03:40:23,840 --> 03:40:24,560 TRANSINDIVIDUALS TOGETHER, AGAIN 6161 03:40:24,560 --> 03:40:27,720 SOME INDICATION THERE WOULD BE 6162 03:40:27,720 --> 03:40:30,000 DIFFERENCES BUT UNABLE TO 6163 03:40:30,000 --> 03:40:30,920 DISARTICULATE THE GENDER 6164 03:40:30,920 --> 03:40:33,240 MINORITY POPULATIONS FROM THE 6165 03:40:33,240 --> 03:40:33,960 SEXUAL MINORITY POPULATIONS. 6166 03:40:33,960 --> 03:40:38,680 SO YOU MIGHT BE ASKING WHY WOULD 6167 03:40:38,680 --> 03:40:39,480 TRANSPOPPULATIONS BE IMPACTED? 6168 03:40:39,480 --> 03:40:40,880 I HAVE A FIGURE NEAR FROM MY 6169 03:40:40,880 --> 03:40:43,720 TEAM WHO PUBLISHED A PAPER ABOUT 6170 03:40:43,720 --> 03:40:48,040 THE IPT GREATER'RE IMPACT OF 6171 03:40:48,040 --> 03:40:52,560 COVID-19 ON TRANSPOPPULATIONINGS 6172 03:40:52,560 --> 03:40:52,720 P 6173 03:40:52,720 --> 03:40:53,240 OPPULATION--TRANSPOPPULATI 6174 03:40:53,240 --> 03:40:58,480 ONS AND THIS GIVES INFORMATION 6175 03:40:58,480 --> 03:41:00,920 AS TO ACCESSING CARE AMONG 6176 03:41:00,920 --> 03:41:01,320 TRANSPOPPULATIONS. 6177 03:41:01,320 --> 03:41:04,400 AS WE HEARD ABOUT WITH RACISM, 6178 03:41:04,400 --> 03:41:05,440 TRANSPHOBIA, AND TRANSPHOBIC 6179 03:41:05,440 --> 03:41:07,240 STIGMA ARE HUGE BARRIERS TO ALL 6180 03:41:07,240 --> 03:41:10,560 OF THESE THINGS, WE CAN SEE 6181 03:41:10,560 --> 03:41:11,160 HEALTHCARE DISCRIMINATION, 6182 03:41:11,160 --> 03:41:12,480 HOUSING DISCRIMINATION, AND 6183 03:41:12,480 --> 03:41:13,080 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION, ALL 6184 03:41:13,080 --> 03:41:15,400 OF THESE ARE STRUCTURAL FACTORS 6185 03:41:15,400 --> 03:41:17,720 THAT LEAD TO POOR ACCESS TO 6186 03:41:17,720 --> 03:41:19,360 HEALTHCARE AND POOR ACCESS TO 6187 03:41:19,360 --> 03:41:20,000 VACCINATION TESTING, WHATEVER 6188 03:41:20,000 --> 03:41:23,560 YOU MIGHT HAVE THAT WOULD HELP 6189 03:41:23,560 --> 03:41:25,440 EITHER GET SOMEONE TESTED EARLY 6190 03:41:25,440 --> 03:41:27,760 FOR COVID-19 EARLY OR GET THEM 6191 03:41:27,760 --> 03:41:29,840 VACCINATED AND BOOSTED EARLY, SO 6192 03:41:29,840 --> 03:41:31,520 OUR TEAM WERE THE LEADER WHO IS 6193 03:41:31,520 --> 03:41:35,400 WERE PROMOTING THE NEED FOR 6194 03:41:35,400 --> 03:41:37,480 ACTION FOR LGBTQ HEALTH EQUITY 6195 03:41:37,480 --> 03:41:38,880 SO WE PUBLISHED THIS PAPER BACK 6196 03:41:38,880 --> 03:41:41,640 AT THE END OF 2020, OUTLINING 6197 03:41:41,640 --> 03:41:43,760 SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WHAT TO 6198 03:41:43,760 --> 03:41:46,480 DO, TO INSURE THAT LGBTQ 6199 03:41:46,480 --> 03:41:47,320 POPULATIONS WERE BETTER 6200 03:41:47,320 --> 03:41:50,520 REPRESENTED IN THE RESPONSE TO 6201 03:41:50,520 --> 03:41:50,760 COVID-19. 6202 03:41:50,760 --> 03:41:52,440 WE'VE SEEN SOME SUCCESS IN 6203 03:41:52,440 --> 03:41:53,520 RESPONSE TO THIS, BUT THERE'S 6204 03:41:53,520 --> 03:41:56,360 STILL A LONG WAY TO GO TO MAKE 6205 03:41:56,360 --> 03:41:58,520 SURE THAT TRANSAND IMENDER 6206 03:41:58,520 --> 03:41:59,360 MINORITY POPULATIONS, REP 6207 03:41:59,360 --> 03:42:06,440 FLECTED AND INCLUDED IN COVID-19 6208 03:42:06,440 --> 03:42:06,720 RESEARCH. 6209 03:42:06,720 --> 03:42:08,080 SO WE'LL TALK ABOUT 1 OF THE 6210 03:42:08,080 --> 03:42:11,440 STUDIES I HAVE ONGOING, SO THE 6211 03:42:11,440 --> 03:42:14,640 COVID-19 STUDY IS AN ONLINE 6212 03:42:14,640 --> 03:42:15,720 LONGITUDINAL SURVEY WITH 6213 03:42:15,720 --> 03:42:17,320 MINORITIZED INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN 6214 03:42:17,320 --> 03:42:19,680 THE AGES OF 14-24 THAT STARTED 6215 03:42:19,680 --> 03:42:20,880 IN FEBRUARY OF 2021. 6216 03:42:20,880 --> 03:42:22,720 SO THIS IS 1 OF MANY PROJECTS 6217 03:42:22,720 --> 03:42:26,960 THAT WAS FUNDED THROUGH THE RAD 6218 03:42:26,960 --> 03:42:28,520 X-UP INITIATIVE THROUGH THE NIH. 6219 03:42:28,520 --> 03:42:29,720 WE FINISHED BASE LINE DATA 6220 03:42:29,720 --> 03:42:30,440 EZEKIEL ELLIOTT CLRKS WE ARE 6221 03:42:30,440 --> 03:42:31,840 DOING A LOT OF CLEANING BUT 6222 03:42:31,840 --> 03:42:33,840 WANTED TO AT LEAST PRESENT IN OF 6223 03:42:33,840 --> 03:42:35,400 THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE 6224 03:42:35,400 --> 03:42:35,680 FINDINGS. 6225 03:42:35,680 --> 03:42:39,400 WE LOOK AT A NUMBER OF 6226 03:42:39,400 --> 03:42:40,920 HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES, WE SAW HUGE 6227 03:42:40,920 --> 03:42:43,240 DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSION AND 6228 03:42:43,240 --> 03:42:47,160 TRAUMA, SO COMPARED TO CISMEN, 6229 03:42:47,160 --> 03:42:48,680 TRANSMEN, NONBINARY AND 6230 03:42:48,680 --> 03:42:50,200 INDIVIDUALS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY 6231 03:42:50,200 --> 03:42:53,400 LIKEEE TO REPORT DEPRESSION AND 6232 03:42:53,400 --> 03:42:54,320 SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND USE THE 6233 03:42:54,320 --> 03:42:55,680 EVENTS SCALE TO ROCK AT TRAUMA 6234 03:42:55,680 --> 03:42:59,080 STRNSS AND WE SAW THAT NONBIENAR 6235 03:42:59,080 --> 03:43:00,800 INDIVIDUALS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY 6236 03:43:00,800 --> 03:43:02,440 MORE LIKELY TO REPORT TRAUMATIC 6237 03:43:02,440 --> 03:43:04,280 EXPERIENCES, WE HAVE A LOT MORE 6238 03:43:04,280 --> 03:43:06,400 EXPLORATION TO DO TO LOOK AT THE 6239 03:43:06,400 --> 03:43:08,120 NUMBER OF COVID-19 INCOMES AND 6240 03:43:08,120 --> 03:43:09,800 IMPACTS WE COLLECTED OVERSEEING 6241 03:43:09,800 --> 03:43:13,600 SOME EVIDENCE THAT COVID-19 HAS 6242 03:43:13,600 --> 03:43:16,760 HAD CLEAR IMPACTS ON GENDER 6243 03:43:16,760 --> 03:43:17,400 MINORITY POPULATIONS. 6244 03:43:17,400 --> 03:43:18,480 I THINK SOME OF THESE QUOTES 6245 03:43:18,480 --> 03:43:20,320 THAT WE COLLECTED FROM OUR 6246 03:43:20,320 --> 03:43:21,200 PARTICIPANTS ARE ALSO VERY 6247 03:43:21,200 --> 03:43:24,080 TELLING ABOUT THE IMPACTS OF 6248 03:43:24,080 --> 03:43:26,440 COVID-19 ON GENDER MINORITY 6249 03:43:26,440 --> 03:43:27,880 POPULATIONS, THE FIRST LINE OF 6250 03:43:27,880 --> 03:43:29,480 BARRIERS TO CARE, SOMEONE 6251 03:43:29,480 --> 03:43:30,800 REPORTED THEIR GENDER 6252 03:43:30,800 --> 03:43:32,160 REASSIGNMENT SURGERY WAS 6253 03:43:32,160 --> 03:43:33,240 DELAYED, BECAUSE THEY WEREN'T 6254 03:43:33,240 --> 03:43:35,760 ABLE TO GET THE SURGERY, THEY 6255 03:43:35,760 --> 03:43:37,160 HAD MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH 6256 03:43:37,160 --> 03:43:39,560 ISSUE THAT REALLY MADE THEIR 6257 03:43:39,560 --> 03:43:42,320 TIME DURING THE PANDEMIC WORSE. 6258 03:43:42,320 --> 03:43:43,600 ANOTHER 1 REPORTED MOVING BACK 6259 03:43:43,600 --> 03:43:46,480 IN WITH THEIR FAMILY, THEY HAD A 6260 03:43:46,480 --> 03:43:49,400 ROOF OVER THEIR HEAD WHICH 6261 03:43:49,400 --> 03:43:51,840 THEY'RE HAPPY BUT BUT THEIR 6262 03:43:51,840 --> 03:43:52,880 FAMILY WAS TRANSPHOBIC SO IT WAS 6263 03:43:52,880 --> 03:43:54,040 NOT A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE FOR 6264 03:43:54,040 --> 03:43:54,320 THEM. 6265 03:43:54,320 --> 03:43:57,360 EVEN WORGS WE CAN SEE IN THE 6266 03:43:57,360 --> 03:44:01,360 THIRD 1 THAT THIS PARTICIPANT 6267 03:44:01,360 --> 03:44:03,120 WAS UNABLE TO AFFORD THERAPY 6268 03:44:03,120 --> 03:44:05,720 BECAUSE OF LOSING THEIR JOB DUE 6269 03:44:05,720 --> 03:44:08,960 TO THE PANDEMIC. 6270 03:44:08,960 --> 03:44:10,840 AND WAS HAVING SUICIDAL THOUGHTS 6271 03:44:10,840 --> 03:44:14,760 BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T WANT TO BE A 6272 03:44:14,760 --> 03:44:16,160 DEPRESSED TRANSGENDER PERSON OF 6273 03:44:16,160 --> 03:44:18,440 COLOR THAT HAD TO NAVIGATE THE 6274 03:44:18,440 --> 03:44:19,840 WORLD WITHOUT HAVING ACCESS TO 6275 03:44:19,840 --> 03:44:20,240 CARE AND SUPPORT. 6276 03:44:20,240 --> 03:44:22,080 I DON'T WANT TO END ON A SAD 6277 03:44:22,080 --> 03:44:25,120 NOTE SO I INCLUDED THIS LAST 1, 6278 03:44:25,120 --> 03:44:26,440 WE SAW A FEW PARTIC PLAN TO 6279 03:44:26,440 --> 03:44:28,120 ANALYZE BY AGES WHO SAID THAT 6280 03:44:28,120 --> 03:44:30,760 THEY DID HAVE SOME POSITIVE FROM 6281 03:44:30,760 --> 03:44:32,480 THE PANDEMIC AND THIS PERSON WAS 6282 03:44:32,480 --> 03:44:34,360 1 OF THE FEW WHO TALKED ABOUT 6283 03:44:34,360 --> 03:44:36,800 HAVING TIME TO THINK ABOUT THEIR 6284 03:44:36,800 --> 03:44:38,200 GENDER IDENTITY DURING THE 6285 03:44:38,200 --> 03:44:39,720 QUARANTINE AND COME TO TERMS AND 6286 03:44:39,720 --> 03:44:43,920 IDENT FIELD FUNCTIONS WHAT THEIR 6287 03:44:43,920 --> 03:44:45,840 REAL GENDER IDENTITY IS RATHER 6288 03:44:45,840 --> 03:44:47,600 THAVEN HAVING IT BE DEFINED BY 6289 03:44:47,600 --> 03:44:50,920 INTERACS WITH THE WORLD. 6290 03:44:50,920 --> 03:44:53,240 SO AS I MENTIONED THERE'S BEEN A 6291 03:44:53,240 --> 03:44:55,120 BIT MORE ATTENTION PAID TO 6292 03:44:55,120 --> 03:44:56,800 EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON MINORITY 6293 03:44:56,800 --> 03:44:57,960 POPULATIONS BUT THERE'S A CLEAR 6294 03:44:57,960 --> 03:44:58,840 NEED FOR MORE WORK. 6295 03:44:58,840 --> 03:45:00,720 WE HAVE BEEN DOING A NUMBER OF 6296 03:45:00,720 --> 03:45:02,360 OTHER PROGECS, I THINK 1 THAT I 6297 03:45:02,360 --> 03:45:03,960 WOULD LOVE TO HIGHLIGHT IS WORK 6298 03:45:03,960 --> 03:45:06,800 WITH HOWARD BROWN WHICH IS AN 6299 03:45:06,800 --> 03:45:08,320 LGBTQ HEALTH CENTER HERE IN 6300 03:45:08,320 --> 03:45:09,920 CHICAGO. 6301 03:45:09,920 --> 03:45:12,800 WE GOT FUNDING FROM NORTHESTERN 6302 03:45:12,800 --> 03:45:23,280 TO DO A PILOT STUDY ON--DATA 6303 03:45:26,160 --> 03:45:27,080 EVALUATED OR TO ACTUALLY ANALYZE 6304 03:45:27,080 --> 03:45:29,360 THE DAILY BASIS THEA THAT WAS 6305 03:45:29,360 --> 03:45:30,640 COLLECTED AND DEVELOP REPORTS 6306 03:45:30,640 --> 03:45:32,360 AND ALSO BE ABLE TO SAY THEY 6307 03:45:32,360 --> 03:45:36,000 HAVE SKILLS AND 6308 03:45:36,000 --> 03:45:36,480 QUALITATIVE--QUALITATIVE 6309 03:45:36,480 --> 03:45:37,320 RESEARCH WHICH WE THINK IS 6310 03:45:37,320 --> 03:45:39,880 IMPORTANT FOR COMMUNITY 6311 03:45:39,880 --> 03:45:40,320 BUILDING. 6312 03:45:40,320 --> 03:45:43,640 LATELY WE SAW A LOT OF 6313 03:45:43,640 --> 03:45:44,440 TRANSCOMMUNITIES REFOCUSING 6314 03:45:44,440 --> 03:45:47,920 PRIORITIES FROM HEALTHCARE 6315 03:45:47,920 --> 03:45:49,400 DELIVERY AND ADVOCACY WORK, TO 6316 03:45:49,400 --> 03:45:54,400 REALLY SUPPORT THEIR OWN, SO, 6317 03:45:54,400 --> 03:45:55,400 BRAVE SPACE ALLIANCE HERE IN 6318 03:45:55,400 --> 03:45:57,040 CHICAGO IS 1 OF OUR 6319 03:45:57,040 --> 03:45:57,720 COLLABORATORS AND PARTNERS, THEY 6320 03:45:57,720 --> 03:46:00,000 WERE A LEADER THAT WERE TURNING 6321 03:46:00,000 --> 03:46:01,760 THEIR FOCUS TO MUTUAL AID AND 6322 03:46:01,760 --> 03:46:03,040 USING A COMMUNITY DERIVED 6323 03:46:03,040 --> 03:46:04,920 APPROACHES TO SUPPORTING THE 6324 03:46:04,920 --> 03:46:06,040 TRANSAND GENDER MINORITY 6325 03:46:06,040 --> 03:46:07,800 COMMUNITIES WHO WERE 6326 03:46:07,800 --> 03:46:08,560 DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED. 6327 03:46:08,560 --> 03:46:11,080 >> ONE MINUTE LEFT. 6328 03:46:11,080 --> 03:46:12,680 >> OKAY. 6329 03:46:12,680 --> 03:46:14,720 SO MAJOR GAPS. 6330 03:46:14,720 --> 03:46:17,200 RADX-UP IS 1 OF THE LARGEST 6331 03:46:17,200 --> 03:46:20,520 INITIATIVES TO STUDY COVID-19 IN 6332 03:46:20,520 --> 03:46:21,400 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS DOES NOT 6333 03:46:21,400 --> 03:46:24,400 SHOW IT AS A DISPROPORTIONATELY 6334 03:46:24,400 --> 03:46:24,760 IMPACTED GROUP. 6335 03:46:24,760 --> 03:46:26,360 I HAVE A FIGURE I DOWNLOADED 6336 03:46:26,360 --> 03:46:27,320 FROM THE WEBSITE. 6337 03:46:27,320 --> 03:46:29,600 THEY HIGHLIGHT ALL THESE OTHER 6338 03:46:29,600 --> 03:46:30,640 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS BUT 6339 03:46:30,640 --> 03:46:32,560 DON'T SO GENDER OR SEXUAL 6340 03:46:32,560 --> 03:46:35,160 MINORITY POPULATIONS AS BEING 6341 03:46:35,160 --> 03:46:35,480 IMPACTED. 6342 03:46:35,480 --> 03:46:37,080 ADIGDZALLY, MOST NIH FUNDED 6343 03:46:37,080 --> 03:46:38,640 RESEARCH RELATED TO COVID-19 6344 03:46:38,640 --> 03:46:40,800 STILL FOCUSES ON BI OPEN LOGICAL 6345 03:46:40,800 --> 03:46:41,880 IMPACTS AND INTERVENTIONS RATHER 6346 03:46:41,880 --> 03:46:43,640 THAN THE STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL 6347 03:46:43,640 --> 03:46:44,680 IMPACTS OF COVID-19 WHICH WE 6348 03:46:44,680 --> 03:46:48,280 KNOW ARE LEADING TO LONG-TERM 6349 03:46:48,280 --> 03:46:49,680 IMPACTS IN ADDITION TO LONG 6350 03:46:49,680 --> 03:46:52,920 COVID, BUT ALSO SOCIAL AND 6351 03:46:52,920 --> 03:46:53,600 STRUCTURAL IMPACTS. 6352 03:46:53,600 --> 03:46:56,320 SO SOME QUICK FUTURE DIRECTIONS, 6353 03:46:56,320 --> 03:46:57,920 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS AND I ARGUE 6354 03:46:57,920 --> 03:46:58,880 ALL RESEARCH STUDIES NEED TO 6355 03:46:58,880 --> 03:47:01,800 MOVE AWAY FROM USING A BINARY 6356 03:47:01,800 --> 03:47:03,640 DEFINITION OF SEX AND TO 6357 03:47:03,640 --> 03:47:05,840 CONFLATING SEX IN GENDER AND 6358 03:47:05,840 --> 03:47:08,280 INSTEAD INCLUDE DATA THAT 6359 03:47:08,280 --> 03:47:09,240 ACCURATELY REFLECTS POETIC 6360 03:47:09,240 --> 03:47:10,040 DALLASCOWBOYS.COMITY OF THE 6361 03:47:10,040 --> 03:47:12,360 ENTIRE POPULATION, WE ALSO 6362 03:47:12,360 --> 03:47:13,240 RECOMMEND PRIORITIZING 6363 03:47:13,240 --> 03:47:14,920 STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS OVER 6364 03:47:14,920 --> 03:47:16,600 INDIVIDUAL LEVELED 1S BECAUSE WE 6365 03:47:16,600 --> 03:47:19,040 KNOW STRUCTURAL FACTORS ARE THE 6366 03:47:19,040 --> 03:47:20,200 1S DRIVING POOR HEGHT OUTCOMES 6367 03:47:20,200 --> 03:47:21,840 AND THESE NEED TO BE THE FOCUS 6368 03:47:21,840 --> 03:47:24,680 OF ATTENTION AND FUNDING. 6369 03:47:24,680 --> 03:47:26,120 WE ALSO THINK THE IMPACT AND 6370 03:47:26,120 --> 03:47:27,040 STUDY COMMUNITY SHOULD BE AT THE 6371 03:47:27,040 --> 03:47:30,200 TABLE AND ARE IN LEADERSHIP 6372 03:47:30,200 --> 03:47:31,280 POSITIONS, HAVING TRANSAND 6373 03:47:31,280 --> 03:47:31,920 GENDER MINORITY INDIVIDUAL WHO 6374 03:47:31,920 --> 03:47:39,520 IS ARE ABLE TO DICTATE THE WORK 6375 03:47:39,520 --> 03:47:42,200 FOR COVID-19 AND HIGHLIGHTED BY 6376 03:47:42,200 --> 03:47:43,680 OTHER PANELISTS OF IRPT 6377 03:47:43,680 --> 03:47:44,800 SECTIONALLITYS ARE IMPORTANT. 6378 03:47:44,800 --> 03:47:47,120 WE KNOW THAT MINORITY 6379 03:47:47,120 --> 03:47:48,840 POPULATIONS WERE 6380 03:47:48,840 --> 03:47:50,440 DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED 6381 03:47:50,440 --> 03:47:52,880 RACIAL TRANSGENDER POPULATIONS 6382 03:47:52,880 --> 03:47:53,920 MORE OVERWHELMING LOAMACYY 6383 03:47:53,920 --> 03:47:56,440 IMPACTED BY COVID-19. 6384 03:47:56,440 --> 03:48:06,760 I WILL END THERE. 6385 03:48:10,000 --> 03:48:12,720 >> BRAD: THANK TO YOU ALL THE 6386 03:48:12,720 --> 03:48:15,000 PRESENTERS ARE WE NOW MOVING 6387 03:48:15,000 --> 03:48:16,640 INTO THE DISCUSSION SECTION 6388 03:48:16,640 --> 03:48:20,360 ENEMY 3:25. 6389 03:48:20,360 --> 03:48:20,640 >> GREAT. 6390 03:48:20,640 --> 03:48:22,040 SO PEOPLE WHO ARE LOOKING 6391 03:48:22,040 --> 03:48:24,280 INVOLVED TO QUESTION THE Q, ANDA 6392 03:48:24,280 --> 03:48:25,480 WHERE YOU CAN MESSAGE ME 6393 03:48:25,480 --> 03:48:26,760 DIRECTLY QUESTIONS IF YOU ARE 1 6394 03:48:26,760 --> 03:48:29,040 OF THE PANELISTS FOR THE OTHER 6395 03:48:29,040 --> 03:48:30,440 SECTIONS, AND CURRENTLY, I WAS 6396 03:48:30,440 --> 03:48:31,720 WONDERING IF I COULD GET FOLLOW 6397 03:48:31,720 --> 03:48:38,600 UP ON 1 OF THE POINTS THAT 6398 03:48:38,600 --> 03:48:40,360 SHARES IN THEIR DIRECTIONS SO 3 6399 03:48:40,360 --> 03:48:50,840 OF OUR SPEAKERS DR. KAHN AND 6400 03:48:57,880 --> 03:49:00,000 ARES IF THEY COULD SPEAK A 6401 03:49:00,000 --> 03:49:01,960 LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THEIR OWN 6402 03:49:01,960 --> 03:49:03,720 EXPERIENCES DOING THIS TYPE OF 6403 03:49:03,720 --> 03:49:05,800 WORK DURING COVID AND MAYBE YOU 6404 03:49:05,800 --> 03:49:07,280 KNOW TIPS OR STRATEGIES FOR 6405 03:49:07,280 --> 03:49:17,800 FOLKS WHO ARE INTERESTED IN THIS 6406 03:49:21,000 --> 03:49:21,320 AREA. 6407 03:49:21,320 --> 03:49:22,680 >> I CAN SAY A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 6408 03:49:22,680 --> 03:49:24,000 WORKING WITH COMMUNITY GROUPS 6409 03:49:24,000 --> 03:49:25,840 BEFORE COVID, I THINK THAT COVID 6410 03:49:25,840 --> 03:49:28,680 REALLY OPENED OUR EYES TO THE 6411 03:49:28,680 --> 03:49:30,440 EXTENT IN WHICH DIFFICULT TO 6412 03:49:30,440 --> 03:49:31,800 REACH POPULATIONS BECAME MUCH 6413 03:49:31,800 --> 03:49:34,560 MORE DIFFICULT TO REACH DURING 6414 03:49:34,560 --> 03:49:35,280 THE PANDEMIC. 6415 03:49:35,280 --> 03:49:37,360 YOU KNOW WE TALKED ABOUT THE 6416 03:49:37,360 --> 03:49:39,280 WIDENING OF DISPARITIES OR THE 6417 03:49:39,280 --> 03:49:41,120 EXACERBATION OF DISPARITIES AND 6418 03:49:41,120 --> 03:49:44,360 IT STARTS AT RECRUITMENT AND 6419 03:49:44,360 --> 03:49:45,760 ENGAGEMENT AND SO, I THINK A 6420 03:49:45,760 --> 03:49:47,040 LESSON LEARNED IS THAT WE NEED 6421 03:49:47,040 --> 03:49:49,040 TO REALLY INVEST AND I MENTIONED 6422 03:49:49,040 --> 03:49:53,480 THIS IN MY PRESENTATION, BUT 6423 03:49:53,480 --> 03:49:54,640 REALLY LAY OUT THE GROUND WORK 6424 03:49:54,640 --> 03:49:57,440 FOR BEING ABLE TO ENGAGE WITH 6425 03:49:57,440 --> 03:49:57,720 COMMUNITIES. 6426 03:49:57,720 --> 03:49:59,240 IT'S TOTALLY POSSIBLE, BUT IT 6427 03:49:59,240 --> 03:50:02,240 REALLY DOES REQUIRE A LOT OF 6428 03:50:02,240 --> 03:50:03,440 INVESTMENT AND RECOGNITION THAT 6429 03:50:03,440 --> 03:50:07,200 IT TAKES NOT JUST TIME BUT IT 6430 03:50:07,200 --> 03:50:07,880 TAKES PERSONNEL TO REALLY 6431 03:50:07,880 --> 03:50:09,080 DEVELOP THAT SUCH THAT WHEN 6432 03:50:09,080 --> 03:50:12,160 THERE IS A MAJOR DISRUPTION THAT 6433 03:50:12,160 --> 03:50:13,680 WE CAN CONTINUE TO COLLECT DATA 6434 03:50:13,680 --> 03:50:15,920 WITH THIS GROUP AND UNDERSTAND 6435 03:50:15,920 --> 03:50:17,000 THE EXTENT AT WHICH THEY'RE 6436 03:50:17,000 --> 03:50:20,120 AFFECTED AND THEREFORE BE ABLE 6437 03:50:20,120 --> 03:50:21,960 TO IDENTIFY PRIORITIES IN TERMS 6438 03:50:21,960 --> 03:50:27,000 OF TARGETS FOR INTERVENTION BUT 6439 03:50:27,000 --> 03:50:27,920 WITHOUT THAT INFRASTRUCTURE LAID 6440 03:50:27,920 --> 03:50:32,040 OUT WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO 6441 03:50:32,040 --> 03:50:35,240 SEE ISSUES WITH INIQUITIES. 6442 03:50:35,240 --> 03:50:39,080 SO THAT'S MY TWO-CENTS. 6443 03:50:39,080 --> 03:50:40,280 >> THANKS DR. LIU, I WANT TO 6444 03:50:40,280 --> 03:50:43,000 FOLLOW UP ON THAT POINT TO ALSO 6445 03:50:43,000 --> 03:50:46,000 ADD AND EMPHASIZE THE KEY NOTE 6446 03:50:46,000 --> 03:50:47,400 WAS MAKING A POINT AS WELL WAS 6447 03:50:47,400 --> 03:50:49,000 THAT IN ORDER TO ENGAGE WITH 6448 03:50:49,000 --> 03:50:50,320 COMMUNITIES WE NEED INDIVIDUALS 6449 03:50:50,320 --> 03:50:52,960 THAT REPRESENT THE COMMUNITIES 6450 03:50:52,960 --> 03:50:54,160 AND LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN OUR 6451 03:50:54,160 --> 03:50:55,680 STUDIES, IN OUR TEAMS AND BE 6452 03:50:55,680 --> 03:50:59,160 ABLE TO HAVE A MORE I THINK 6453 03:50:59,160 --> 03:51:00,880 DIVERSE LEADERSHIP RATHER THAN 6454 03:51:00,880 --> 03:51:02,200 MORE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AS 6455 03:51:02,200 --> 03:51:04,240 WELL TO THESE TEAMS AND INSURING 6456 03:51:04,240 --> 03:51:06,320 THAT THEIR VOICE IS HEARD 6457 03:51:06,320 --> 03:51:07,920 REQUIRES HAVING INDIVIDUALS THAT 6458 03:51:07,920 --> 03:51:13,560 REPRESENT THEM IN LEADERSHIP 6459 03:51:13,560 --> 03:51:13,880 POSITIONS. 6460 03:51:13,880 --> 03:51:15,480 >> THE ONLY THING I WOULD ADD, I 6461 03:51:15,480 --> 03:51:17,280 AGREE WITH ALL THAT IS THAT ALSO 6462 03:51:17,280 --> 03:51:18,960 BUILDING THE RELATIONSHIP AHEAD 6463 03:51:18,960 --> 03:51:21,640 OF TIME, I KNOW COVID-19 WASN'T 6464 03:51:21,640 --> 03:51:24,600 NECESSARILY ANYTHING WE EXPECTED 6465 03:51:24,600 --> 03:51:26,640 BUT COMING TO PEOPLE AND SAYING 6466 03:51:26,640 --> 03:51:28,440 YOU WANT TO STUDY THEM VERSUS 6467 03:51:28,440 --> 03:51:29,160 BUILDING THE RELATIONSHIP AHEAD 6468 03:51:29,160 --> 03:51:32,920 OF TIME IS NOT THE BEST 6469 03:51:32,920 --> 03:51:35,000 APPROACH, SO I WAS LUCKY I 6470 03:51:35,000 --> 03:51:36,320 ALREADY HAD RELATIONSHIPS WITH A 6471 03:51:36,320 --> 03:51:37,560 NUMBER OF AGENCIES I'M CURRENTLY 6472 03:51:37,560 --> 03:51:40,200 WORKING WITH SO IT WAS EASY TO 6473 03:51:40,200 --> 03:51:40,680 FIND THE FIT. 6474 03:51:40,680 --> 03:51:45,120 BUT THAT'S REALLY A BAD WAY TO 6475 03:51:45,120 --> 03:51:46,520 GET COMMUNITY BUY-IN IS TO JUST 6476 03:51:46,520 --> 03:51:51,040 PULL THEM IN AT THE LAST MINUTE. 6477 03:51:51,040 --> 03:51:52,920 >> I THINK THAT'S A GREAT POINT 6478 03:51:52,920 --> 03:51:54,000 BECAUSE SOMETIMES COMMUNITY 6479 03:51:54,000 --> 03:51:54,960 ENGAGED RESEARCH CAN BE 6480 03:51:54,960 --> 03:51:56,280 BURDENSOME SO WE WANT TO MAKE 6481 03:51:56,280 --> 03:51:58,320 SURE WE BALANCE THAT WITH ALSO 6482 03:51:58,320 --> 03:51:59,760 WHAT QUESTIONS ARE OF INTEREST 6483 03:51:59,760 --> 03:52:08,280 TO COMMUNITIES AS WELL. 6484 03:52:08,280 --> 03:52:09,080 >> YEAH, THOSE ARE GREAT 6485 03:52:09,080 --> 03:52:10,680 THOUGHTS AND THAT'S BEEN A 6486 03:52:10,680 --> 03:52:12,680 CHALLENGE I'VE NOWND A LOT OF 6487 03:52:12,680 --> 03:52:13,160 COMMUNITY RESEARCH. 6488 03:52:13,160 --> 03:52:16,480 I USED TO BE THE MAINE STATE 6489 03:52:16,480 --> 03:52:17,480 HEALTH REFUGEE COORDINATOR AND I 6490 03:52:17,480 --> 03:52:19,160 AM GOING BACK TO THAT POSITION 6491 03:52:19,160 --> 03:52:20,800 SOON, AND I WORKED A LOT WITH 6492 03:52:20,800 --> 03:52:22,240 SIDE BY SIDE COMMUNITIES BUT 6493 03:52:22,240 --> 03:52:23,520 SOMETIMES THE QUESTION FIST 6494 03:52:23,520 --> 03:52:24,760 THEY'RE RELEVANT TO HEALTH 6495 03:52:24,760 --> 03:52:27,320 OUTCOMES THAT MAY BE WORTH EVEN 6496 03:52:27,320 --> 03:52:28,600 CONDITIONS THAT WERE PREVALENT 6497 03:52:28,600 --> 03:52:30,560 IN COMMUNITIES, THE QUESTION OF 6498 03:52:30,560 --> 03:52:31,960 THE ACADEMICS HAD MIGHT NOT FIT 6499 03:52:31,960 --> 03:52:36,320 VERY WELL WITH THE GOALS OF THE 6500 03:52:36,320 --> 03:52:37,200 COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES. 6501 03:52:37,200 --> 03:52:40,280 THERE'S A QUESTION IN THE CHAT 6502 03:52:40,280 --> 03:52:43,200 THAT I'M GOING TO RETIRN TO IN 6503 03:52:43,200 --> 03:52:45,160 2-SECONDS BUT I PULL UP THIS 6504 03:52:45,160 --> 03:52:47,000 LONGER PRESENTATION I HAVE SO I 6505 03:52:47,000 --> 03:52:49,560 CAN GED A GIVE REQUESTED TO THIS 6506 03:52:49,560 --> 03:52:53,280 ANSWER, BUT FIRST I WILL ASK 6507 03:52:53,280 --> 03:52:53,480 DR. 6508 03:52:53,480 --> 03:52:58,720 PHIL DR. 6509 03:52:58,720 --> 03:52:59,760 PHIL EPIGENETICS A QUESTION, I 6510 03:52:59,760 --> 03:53:01,200 HAD A OPPORTUNITY WHO DID A 6511 03:53:01,200 --> 03:53:06,960 PROJECT WHERE HE CALLED ALL THE 6512 03:53:06,960 --> 03:53:08,360 PUBLIC HEALTH STATE DEPARTMENTS 6513 03:53:08,360 --> 03:53:09,640 AND SHE HAD 22 DEPARTMENTS GET 6514 03:53:09,640 --> 03:53:12,000 BACK TO HER WHERE WE SORT OF 6515 03:53:12,000 --> 03:53:14,120 POKED A LITTLE BIT AT WHAT MAY 6516 03:53:14,120 --> 03:53:15,560 MEANT BY THAT. 6517 03:53:15,560 --> 03:53:16,560 AND WE'VE WRITTEN ABOUT HOW 6518 03:53:16,560 --> 03:53:23,080 IMPORTANT IT IS TO HAVE BETTER 6519 03:53:23,080 --> 03:53:25,520 NONBINARY IDEAS OF DATA MOVING 6520 03:53:25,520 --> 03:53:26,680 BEYOND CODING MALE OR FEMALE AND 6521 03:53:26,680 --> 03:53:28,680 A PROBLEM WE RUN INTO ESPECIALLY 6522 03:53:28,680 --> 03:53:31,720 IN VERY LARGE DATA SETS, IS THAT 6523 03:53:31,720 --> 03:53:33,760 FIRST POPULATIONS THAT ARE VERY, 6524 03:53:33,760 --> 03:53:36,000 VERY SMALL LIKE 1 OR 2% OF THE 6525 03:53:36,000 --> 03:53:38,960 POPULATION, IF A QUESTION IS 6526 03:53:38,960 --> 03:53:41,280 MISS UNDERSTOOD, LIKE IF ENOUGH 6527 03:53:41,280 --> 03:53:42,760 CIS PEOPLE READ A QUESTION AND 6528 03:53:42,760 --> 03:53:45,360 DON'T UNDERSTAND WHAT IT'S 6529 03:53:45,360 --> 03:53:46,840 ASKING AND ASSESSMENT TO ANSWER 6530 03:53:46,840 --> 03:53:48,800 WHAT THEY ATTEMPT TO ANSWER IT 6531 03:53:48,800 --> 03:53:52,000 COULD CREATE ENOUGH NOISE TO 6532 03:53:52,000 --> 03:53:53,000 DROWN OUT THE MINORITY 6533 03:53:53,000 --> 03:53:54,680 POPULATIONS AND I TOOK A PRETTY 6534 03:53:54,680 --> 03:53:57,080 COMPREHENSIVE LOOK AT THE NIH 6535 03:53:57,080 --> 03:53:59,760 GUIDELINES ON SEX AND JEKSUALITY 6536 03:53:59,760 --> 03:54:01,080 RESEARCH AND GENDER IDENTITY 6537 03:54:01,080 --> 03:54:02,560 RESEARCH THAT CAME OUT RECENTLY 6538 03:54:02,560 --> 03:54:04,440 BUT I WAS WONDERING IF YOU HAD 6539 03:54:04,440 --> 03:54:05,880 ANY SOLUTIONS TO THIS IN LIKE 6540 03:54:05,880 --> 03:54:07,400 LARGE DATA SETS OR IF YOU HAD 6541 03:54:07,400 --> 03:54:10,160 ANY BEST PRACTICES THAT YOU WERE 6542 03:54:10,160 --> 03:54:13,320 CURRENTLY USING? 6543 03:54:13,320 --> 03:54:13,600 RESPIRATORY 6544 03:54:13,600 --> 03:54:14,760 >> THANKS FOR THE QUESTION. 6545 03:54:14,760 --> 03:54:17,400 I ACTUALLY HAVE AN RO-1 THAT 6546 03:54:17,400 --> 03:54:20,680 STARTED LAST YEAR THAT'S REALLY 6547 03:54:20,680 --> 03:54:22,880 FOCUSED ON USING COMMUNITY 6548 03:54:22,880 --> 03:54:28,000 ENGAGED APPROACHES TO THE 6549 03:54:28,000 --> 03:54:28,640 MEASURE GENDER IDENTITY. 6550 03:54:28,640 --> 03:54:32,280 WE ARE WORKING ON IT. 6551 03:54:32,280 --> 03:54:34,680 I WOULD SAY THAT THE ARCH DATA 6552 03:54:34,680 --> 03:54:35,640 SETS ARE CHALLENGING. 6553 03:54:35,640 --> 03:54:38,400 I DO A LOT OF WORK IN THE YOUTH 6554 03:54:38,400 --> 03:54:39,520 RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY AND THEY 6555 03:54:39,520 --> 03:54:42,080 ASK WHAT IS YOUR SEX AND THAT 6556 03:54:42,080 --> 03:54:44,760 PAIRED WITH THE GENDER MODALITY 6557 03:54:44,760 --> 03:54:45,800 QUESTION ARE REALLY HARD TO 6558 03:54:45,800 --> 03:54:49,200 INTERPRET BECAUSE WE DON'T KNOW 6559 03:54:49,200 --> 03:54:52,280 IF THEY SAY THEY'RE FEMALE AND 6560 03:54:52,280 --> 03:54:54,720 THEY'RE TRANS, IF THEY'RE FEMALE 6561 03:54:54,720 --> 03:54:57,480 AND TRANS, OR FEMALE ASSIGNED AT 6562 03:54:57,480 --> 03:54:59,120 BIRTH OR TRANSMALE IT MAKES IT 6563 03:54:59,120 --> 03:55:01,360 SO MUCH MORE CONFUSING BUT WE 6564 03:55:01,360 --> 03:55:03,120 LIKE TO SAY THAT DATA CAN BE 6565 03:55:03,120 --> 03:55:05,120 USED TO GET BETTER DATA SO AT 6566 03:55:05,120 --> 03:55:10,320 LEAST KNOWING THERE IS 1% WHO IS 6567 03:55:10,320 --> 03:55:13,120 TRANSOR FIEOF THE% THAT DIRKS 6568 03:55:13,120 --> 03:55:15,400 DENTIFYS AS BISEXUAL IS ENOUGH 6569 03:55:15,400 --> 03:55:16,720 TO HELP ADVOCATE FOR DATA 6570 03:55:16,720 --> 03:55:17,720 COLLECTION, ALSO IT REALLY IS 6571 03:55:17,720 --> 03:55:20,240 JUST MAKING SURE THAT THE 6572 03:55:20,240 --> 03:55:23,760 QUESTIONS ARE REFLECTIVE OF THE 6573 03:55:23,760 --> 03:55:24,800 COMMUNITY. 6574 03:55:24,800 --> 03:55:27,000 I MEAN, I HATE THAT WE HAVE TO 6575 03:55:27,000 --> 03:55:31,160 ALWAYS CATER EVERYTHING TO THE 6576 03:55:31,160 --> 03:55:32,480 CIS HEAD MAJORITY BUT THOSE ARE 6577 03:55:32,480 --> 03:55:33,560 THE 1S ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS 6578 03:55:33,560 --> 03:55:35,440 AND I KNOW THAT WAS A LOT OF 6579 03:55:35,440 --> 03:55:38,760 EARLY KRIST TECHS WITH THE RO-1 6580 03:55:38,760 --> 03:55:41,040 SUBMISSION IS HOW ARE THE CIS 6581 03:55:41,040 --> 03:55:42,240 RESPONDENTS GOING TO REACT TO 6582 03:55:42,240 --> 03:55:42,440 THESE. 6583 03:55:42,440 --> 03:55:45,440 I THINK IT WILL ALSO BE A 6584 03:55:45,440 --> 03:55:46,480 CHALLENGE BUT PROVIDING CLEAR 6585 03:55:46,480 --> 03:55:48,000 DEFINITIONS I THINK HELPS A LOT 6586 03:55:48,000 --> 03:55:51,840 IN MAKING SURE THAT PEOPLE ARE 6587 03:55:51,840 --> 03:55:53,360 ABLE TO GIVE AN ACCURATE 6588 03:55:53,360 --> 03:55:54,120 RESPONSE TO THEMSELVES AND THAT 6589 03:55:54,120 --> 03:55:55,480 THE PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING AT 6590 03:55:55,480 --> 03:55:57,520 THE BACK END ARE ABLE TO 6591 03:55:57,520 --> 03:55:58,240 INTERPRET THEIR RESPONSES 6592 03:55:58,240 --> 03:56:06,000 BECAUSE I THINK BOTH OF THOSE 6593 03:56:06,000 --> 03:56:06,360 ARE IMPORTANT. 6594 03:56:06,360 --> 03:56:07,160 >> YES, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 6595 03:56:07,160 --> 03:56:09,800 SO I WANT TO ANSWER, SARAH'S 6596 03:56:09,800 --> 03:56:12,240 QUESTION IN THE Q&A, AND SO THE 6597 03:56:12,240 --> 03:56:15,640 DAILY BASIS AT ARE INDIRECTLY 6598 03:56:15,640 --> 03:56:17,240 STANDARDIZED FOR AGE AND THEREYA 6599 03:56:17,240 --> 03:56:18,720 A COMPLICATED WAY IN WHICH THIS 6600 03:56:18,720 --> 03:56:20,840 WAS DONE BECAUSE YOU CAN'T 6601 03:56:20,840 --> 03:56:22,200 DIRECTLY, SO TRANSPARENTLY I'M A 6602 03:56:22,200 --> 03:56:23,600 MISDZ AUTHOR ON THAT PUBLICATION 6603 03:56:23,600 --> 03:56:25,560 AND WHILE I SET UP A LOT OF THE 6604 03:56:25,560 --> 03:56:27,200 PROJECT, I WAS ON MATERNITY 6605 03:56:27,200 --> 03:56:30,720 LEAVE WHEN THE ANALYSIS WERE RUN 6606 03:56:30,720 --> 03:56:33,440 AND THE MOST OF THE PAPER WAS 6607 03:56:33,440 --> 03:56:33,680 WRITTEN. 6608 03:56:33,680 --> 03:56:35,000 SO I STAYED OUT OF THE DIRECT 6609 03:56:35,000 --> 03:56:37,640 ANALYSIS BUT I HAVE A SLIDE CAN 6610 03:56:37,640 --> 03:56:39,440 TALK ABOUT THIS, IF SOMEBODY'S 6611 03:56:39,440 --> 03:56:41,320 REALLY CURIOUS, I CAN E-MAIL IT 6612 03:56:41,320 --> 03:56:46,200 TO, IT'S ALSO IN THE PAPER, THE 6613 03:56:46,200 --> 03:56:49,480 PAPER IS DANIELSEN 2022. 6614 03:56:49,480 --> 03:56:51,560 ESSENTIALLY YOU CAN'T DIRECTLY 6615 03:56:51,560 --> 03:56:56,760 STANDARDIZE FOR AGE BECAUSE THE 6616 03:56:56,760 --> 03:56:57,800 STATES HAVE DIFFERENT AGE 6617 03:56:57,800 --> 03:57:00,760 STRUCTURES WITHIN THEM SO 6618 03:57:00,760 --> 03:57:02,640 THIS--I'M TRYING TO TRANSFER A 6619 03:57:02,640 --> 03:57:04,560 GIANT SLIDE TO SPEECH AND IT'S 6620 03:57:04,560 --> 03:57:05,440 NOT WORKING. 6621 03:57:05,440 --> 03:57:09,640 SO YES, THEY'RE INDIRECTLY 6622 03:57:09,640 --> 03:57:10,000 STANDARDIZED. 6623 03:57:10,000 --> 03:57:11,120 I WILL--IF HAVE YOU MORE 6624 03:57:11,120 --> 03:57:12,480 QUESTIONS ABOUT THAT I CAN REFER 6625 03:57:12,480 --> 03:57:23,040 YOU TO THE PAPER OR SEND YOU THE 6626 03:57:24,160 --> 03:57:24,520 SLIDE. 6627 03:57:24,520 --> 03:57:25,400 WE HAVE A QUESTION COMING 6628 03:57:25,400 --> 03:57:27,160 THROUGH IN THE CHAT FOR ME AND 6629 03:57:27,160 --> 03:57:35,160 OTHER PANELISTS SO 1 OF THE 6630 03:57:35,160 --> 03:57:36,160 QUESTIONS IS HOW CAN THE 6631 03:57:36,160 --> 03:57:37,800 RESEARCH THAT'S BEEN CONDUCTED 6632 03:57:37,800 --> 03:57:38,640 ON ACUTE COVID-19 AND 6633 03:57:38,640 --> 03:57:40,400 COMMUNITIES WITH HIGH RATES OF 6634 03:57:40,400 --> 03:57:42,440 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND COVID-19 6635 03:57:42,440 --> 03:57:44,760 HARM PIVOT OR EXPAND TO SUPPORT 6636 03:57:44,760 --> 03:57:46,720 RESEARCH ON LONG COVID IN THESE 6637 03:57:46,720 --> 03:57:47,520 COMMUNITIES. 6638 03:57:47,520 --> 03:57:49,480 SO NONE OF OUR TALKS SPOKE ABOUT 6639 03:57:49,480 --> 03:57:50,320 LONG COVID REALLY AND I WILL 6640 03:57:50,320 --> 03:58:00,800 TURN THAT OVER TO THE OTHER 6641 03:58:20,680 --> 03:58:21,000 PANELISTS. 6642 03:58:21,000 --> 03:58:23,240 >> I WOULD BE DELIGHTED TO TALK 6643 03:58:23,240 --> 03:58:23,760 ABOUT THIS. 6644 03:58:23,760 --> 03:58:25,160 IT GOES TO WHAT DR. PHIL 6645 03:58:25,160 --> 03:58:26,280 EPIGENETICS IS TALKING ABOUT, WE 6646 03:58:26,280 --> 03:58:28,120 NEED MORE DATA IN THESE 6647 03:58:28,120 --> 03:58:28,920 COMMUNITIES, RIGHT? 6648 03:58:28,920 --> 03:58:30,480 AND WE NEED TO INVEST MORE FUND 6649 03:58:30,480 --> 03:58:32,880 NOTHING THE COMMUNITIES TO BE 6650 03:58:32,880 --> 03:58:37,240 ABLE TO FOLLOW, KIND OF 6651 03:58:37,240 --> 03:58:38,160 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS 6652 03:58:38,160 --> 03:58:38,960 LONGITUDINALLY TO TRACK LONG 6653 03:58:38,960 --> 03:58:40,280 COVID IN DIFFERENT GROUPS AND 6654 03:58:40,280 --> 03:58:42,360 SEE HOW IT VARIES. 6655 03:58:42,360 --> 03:58:45,600 >> YEAH, I AGREE, LIKE THE 6656 03:58:45,600 --> 03:58:48,200 LIMITATIONS OF THE RADX-UP WORK 6657 03:58:48,200 --> 03:58:50,600 WE WERE DO IS 2 YEARS SO THEY'RE 6658 03:58:50,600 --> 03:58:52,240 OLD PEOPLE AND IT'S DONE, SO 6659 03:58:52,240 --> 03:58:54,040 WE'VE BEEN TRYING TO GET FUNDING 6660 03:58:54,040 --> 03:58:57,680 TO FOLLOW THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE 6661 03:58:57,680 --> 03:58:59,480 HAD COVID AT LEAST ONCE IN OUR 6662 03:58:59,480 --> 03:58:59,920 COHORT. 6663 03:58:59,920 --> 03:59:01,120 BUT IT'S BEEN CHALLENGING 6664 03:59:01,120 --> 03:59:02,760 BECAUSE WE'RE VERY FOCUSED JUST 6665 03:59:02,760 --> 03:59:05,520 ON THE STRUCTURAL FACTORS RAGHT 6666 03:59:05,520 --> 03:59:08,280 E-PRESCRIBING THAN TESTING AND 6667 03:59:08,280 --> 03:59:16,160 VACCINATION AND EVERYTHING. 6668 03:59:16,160 --> 03:59:16,480 >> YEAH. 6669 03:59:16,480 --> 03:59:17,120 >> OKAY, ANOTHER QUESTION HAS 6670 03:59:17,120 --> 03:59:19,600 COME IN AND THIS IS--I'M 6671 03:59:19,600 --> 03:59:21,800 INTERESTED TO SEE WHAT YOU FOLKS 6672 03:59:21,800 --> 03:59:22,200 THINK ABOUT THIS. 6673 03:59:22,200 --> 03:59:24,000 I WAS APPROACHED ON THIS 6674 03:59:24,000 --> 03:59:26,760 QUESTION MAYBE A YEAR OR 2 AGO 6675 03:59:26,760 --> 03:59:28,640 TO POSSIBLY JOIN AN NIH GRANT 6676 03:59:28,640 --> 03:59:31,200 AND ENDED UP DECIDING IT WASN'T 6677 03:59:31,200 --> 03:59:34,040 A GOOD FIT, HOW DO YOU RECOMMEND 6678 03:59:34,040 --> 03:59:36,480 THE BASIC SCIENTIST MODEL, 6679 03:59:36,480 --> 03:59:37,840 TRANSGENDER AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL 6680 03:59:37,840 --> 03:59:44,000 STUDIES AND WHAT YOU THINK ABOUT 6681 03:59:44,000 --> 03:59:46,320 OVERECTOMY-IZED ANIMALS TREATED 6682 03:59:46,320 --> 03:59:48,560 WITH TESTOSTERONE OR ANIMALS 6683 03:59:48,560 --> 03:59:59,000 TREATED WITH ESTROGEN AND 6684 04:00:03,160 --> 04:00:03,880 PROGESTERONE? 6685 04:00:03,880 --> 04:00:05,680 >> WELL I KNOW NOTHING ABOUT THE 6686 04:00:05,680 --> 04:00:07,760 BIOG LOGIC SIDE AND HAVEN'T FOR 6687 04:00:07,760 --> 04:00:09,200 A LONG TIME. 6688 04:00:09,200 --> 04:00:11,240 MAYBE SOMEONE ELSE CAN COMMENT 6689 04:00:11,240 --> 04:00:11,640 ON THAT. 6690 04:00:11,640 --> 04:00:13,480 IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN HORMONE 6691 04:00:13,480 --> 04:00:15,040 LEVELS YOU BASE IT BASED ON 6692 04:00:15,040 --> 04:00:16,240 HORMONES IF YOU'RE INTERESTED ON 6693 04:00:16,240 --> 04:00:18,320 THE WAY THEY APPEARED TO WORLD 6694 04:00:18,320 --> 04:00:21,840 LIKE HOW THEY'RE SOCIALIZED HOW 6695 04:00:21,840 --> 04:00:23,160 THEY'RE VIEWED BY THE WORLD AND 6696 04:00:23,160 --> 04:00:24,640 HOW THAT IMPACTS THEM, WE'VE 6697 04:00:24,640 --> 04:00:27,320 SEEN A LOOT OF HOW WOMEN AND HAD 6698 04:00:27,320 --> 04:00:28,440 MEN ARE SOCIALIZED DIFFERENTLY 6699 04:00:28,440 --> 04:00:32,320 AND HAVE DIFFERENT IMPACTS, I 6700 04:00:32,320 --> 04:00:34,640 THINK WE IF PEOPLE IDIDN'TIFY AS 6701 04:00:34,640 --> 04:00:36,120 CIS OR TRANS, IF THAT'S WHAT 6702 04:00:36,120 --> 04:00:37,680 YOU'RE INTERESTED IN, THAT'S HOW 6703 04:00:37,680 --> 04:00:40,600 YOU FOCUS ON IT, BUT AGAIN, IT 6704 04:00:40,600 --> 04:00:42,760 DEPENDS, ARE YOU FOCUSED ON BODY 6705 04:00:42,760 --> 04:00:44,520 PARTS OR HORMONES OR FOCUSED ON 6706 04:00:44,520 --> 04:00:48,320 THE WAY THEY APPEAR, ARE YOU 6707 04:00:48,320 --> 04:00:49,480 FOCUSED ON THEIR PAST? 6708 04:00:49,480 --> 04:00:51,360 I MEAN THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS 6709 04:00:51,360 --> 04:00:54,560 WE CAN GET INTO THAT INVOLVE 6710 04:00:54,560 --> 04:00:56,920 LIKE INTERSEX INDIVIDUALS WHICH 6711 04:00:56,920 --> 04:01:05,720 I THINK ALSO A COMPLETELY 6712 04:01:05,720 --> 04:01:06,480 UNDERSTUDIED POPULATION. 6713 04:01:06,480 --> 04:01:09,200 >> SO I WAS APPROACHED BY 6714 04:01:09,200 --> 04:01:10,680 SOMEBODY WHO'S NOT ON THIS CALL 6715 04:01:10,680 --> 04:01:13,080 AND NOT IN THIS REALM OF 6716 04:01:13,080 --> 04:01:15,840 RESEARCH WHO WANTED TO CREATE A 6717 04:01:15,840 --> 04:01:19,600 TRANSGENDER MOUSE AND THEN 6718 04:01:19,600 --> 04:01:21,080 ENROLL TRANSGENDER PEOPLE IN A 6719 04:01:21,080 --> 04:01:23,080 PROJECT I WAS SORT OF 6720 04:01:23,080 --> 04:01:24,480 UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THE IDEA THIS 6721 04:01:24,480 --> 04:01:27,120 YOU COULD GIVE A FEMALE MOUSE 6722 04:01:27,120 --> 04:01:33,760 TESTOSTERONE AND CALL IT A 6723 04:01:33,760 --> 04:01:36,000 TRANSGENDER MOUSE BECAUSE THE 6724 04:01:36,000 --> 04:01:37,640 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ISSUES THE 6725 04:01:37,640 --> 04:01:38,880 BIOLOGY OF IT BEING TRANSGENDER 6726 04:01:38,880 --> 04:01:40,960 AND SO I HAVE A CLOSE 6727 04:01:40,960 --> 04:01:48,240 COLLABORATOR WHO WORKS WITH 6728 04:01:48,240 --> 04:01:51,960 TRANSGENDER MEN AND HAS DONE 6729 04:01:51,960 --> 04:01:54,080 STUDIES ON LEVELS OF 6730 04:01:54,080 --> 04:01:56,200 INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS AND 6731 04:01:56,200 --> 04:01:57,120 PROTEIN RESPONSES SO TRANSGENDER 6732 04:01:57,120 --> 04:01:58,840 MEN GOING ABOUT THEIR WORLD AND 6733 04:01:58,840 --> 04:02:02,040 THEY FEEL LIKE THEY'RE PASSING 6734 04:02:02,040 --> 04:02:04,920 AND BEING GENDERED IN PUBLIC AND 6735 04:02:04,920 --> 04:02:06,600 USING PRONOUNS AND THEY HAVE 6736 04:02:06,600 --> 04:02:09,600 LOWER RESTING HEART RATES, THEY 6737 04:02:09,600 --> 04:02:10,880 HAVE LOWER CARDIOVASCULAR 6738 04:02:10,880 --> 04:02:14,360 RESPONSE TO A STRESS TEST, LOWER 6739 04:02:14,360 --> 04:02:19,200 RATES, AND TRANSGENDER MEN IN 6740 04:02:19,200 --> 04:02:20,480 THE PROCESS OF TRANSITIONING ON 6741 04:02:20,480 --> 04:02:22,960 WHO ARE NOT SOCIALLY PROCESSING 6742 04:02:22,960 --> 04:02:24,440 AND THEY'RE GOING AROUND THE 6743 04:02:24,440 --> 04:02:33,120 WORLD AND USING SHE/HER AND 6744 04:02:33,120 --> 04:02:35,280 USING THOSE SO THOSE ARE ALL 6745 04:02:35,280 --> 04:02:37,600 SOCIAL EVENTS THAT HAVE CLEAR 6746 04:02:37,600 --> 04:02:38,800 BIOLOGICAL OUGHT COMES AND THOSE 6747 04:02:38,800 --> 04:02:41,400 ARE NOT REPLICATED BY A MOUSE BY 6748 04:02:41,400 --> 04:02:43,400 REMOVING IT'S OVARIES AND GIVING 6749 04:02:43,400 --> 04:02:45,040 IT TESTOSTERONE AND THEY'RE PART 6750 04:02:45,040 --> 04:02:47,440 OF THE EXPERIENCER OF THE 6751 04:02:47,440 --> 04:02:48,760 TRANSGENDER, IF YOU'RE GOING TO 6752 04:02:48,760 --> 04:02:52,800 REDUCE A SET OF QUESTIONS, 6753 04:02:52,800 --> 04:02:57,520 TRANSGENDER PEOPLE'S RESPONSE TO 6754 04:02:57,520 --> 04:02:58,800 COVID WILL BE [INDISCERNIBLE] 6755 04:02:58,800 --> 04:03:00,720 WITH LEVELS OF EBPOSE AND YOU 6756 04:03:00,720 --> 04:03:02,160 ARE CESS SEPTORSIBILITY ON 6757 04:03:02,160 --> 04:03:04,920 CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND EXPOSURE 6758 04:03:04,920 --> 04:03:07,720 DO THROUGH DUE ON CLINICAL 6759 04:03:07,720 --> 04:03:08,280 DISCRIMINATION, WHO THEIR 6760 04:03:08,280 --> 04:03:09,560 PARTNERS ARE AND WHETHER THEY 6761 04:03:09,560 --> 04:03:20,120 CAN CONTROL EXPOSE THAT YOU ARE 6762 04:03:20,720 --> 04:03:22,640 ROUTE, ET CETERA BUT A MODEL, 6763 04:03:22,640 --> 04:03:30,280 THERE'S PROBABLY A LOT OF ROOM 6764 04:03:30,280 --> 04:03:31,000 FOR ANIMAL STUDIES INVOLVED LIKE 6765 04:03:31,000 --> 04:03:34,040 WHAT ARE THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS 6766 04:03:34,040 --> 04:03:35,200 OF TESTOSTERONE TREATMENT ON THE 6767 04:03:35,200 --> 04:03:38,400 ABILITY OF THIS ANIMAL TO BECOME 6768 04:03:38,400 --> 04:03:41,520 PREGNANT RIGHT AND THEN IMAWN 6769 04:03:41,520 --> 04:03:44,280 OVER [INDISCERNIBLE] ANIMAL 6770 04:03:44,280 --> 04:03:45,680 RETAINS ITS UTERUS, AND I 6771 04:03:45,680 --> 04:03:46,400 HAVEN'T THOUGHT DEEPLY ABOUT 6772 04:03:46,400 --> 04:03:52,440 THIS WHERE YOU COULD WORK 6773 04:03:52,440 --> 04:03:55,040 THROUGH BUT TRY TO REPLICATE THE 6774 04:03:55,040 --> 04:03:56,200 EXPERIENCE OF BEING TRANSGENDER 6775 04:03:56,200 --> 04:04:00,480 IN OUR SOCIETY BY SHIFTING MOUSE 6776 04:04:00,480 --> 04:04:02,920 HORMONES IS I THINK IS NOT SORT 6777 04:04:02,920 --> 04:04:04,920 OF A--IT'S A REALLY LIKE LIMITED 6778 04:04:04,920 --> 04:04:12,360 APPROACH IN MANY WAYS. 6779 04:04:12,360 --> 04:04:14,040 SO I DO MOUSE WORK SO WHAT I DO 6780 04:04:14,040 --> 04:04:15,680 KNOW NTHERE'S A QUESTION IN THE 6781 04:04:15,680 --> 04:04:17,520 CHAT THAT SAYS HAS THE IGF 95 6782 04:04:17,520 --> 04:04:19,640 CANT INCREASE IN THE TELEHEALTH 6783 04:04:19,640 --> 04:04:22,000 THROUGH THE PAN DEMIMPROVED 6784 04:04:22,000 --> 04:04:30,880 ACCESS THROUGH SOME 6785 04:04:30,880 --> 04:04:31,480 DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES. 6786 04:04:31,480 --> 04:04:32,720 >> I'M NOT SURE IF THERE ARE 6787 04:04:32,720 --> 04:04:34,880 GREAT DAT ON THAT, SO IF SOMEONE 6788 04:04:34,880 --> 04:04:36,120 HAS DATA THAT WOULD BE GREAT. 6789 04:04:36,120 --> 04:04:38,320 BUT I HAVE SEEN 2 DISTRIBUTIONS 6790 04:04:38,320 --> 04:04:39,600 WHERE THERE HAVE BEEN PEOPLE 6791 04:04:39,600 --> 04:04:41,000 PARTICULARLY THOSE WHO LIVE VERY 6792 04:04:41,000 --> 04:04:43,440 FAR AWAY THAT HAVE NOW GOTTEN 6793 04:04:43,440 --> 04:04:45,960 ACCESS TO ACCESS TO LARGER 6794 04:04:45,960 --> 04:04:48,160 MEDICAL CENTERS FOR 6795 04:04:48,160 --> 04:04:48,960 CONSULTATIONS, PARTICULARLY FOR 6796 04:04:48,960 --> 04:04:50,280 CARDIOLOGY WHERE THEY MAY NOT 6797 04:04:50,280 --> 04:04:51,800 HAVE, BUT THERE'S ALSO BEEN KIND 6798 04:04:51,800 --> 04:04:54,360 OF A DROP OFF FOR PEOPLE THAT 6799 04:04:54,360 --> 04:04:56,120 DON'T HAVE READY ACCESS TO BROAD 6800 04:04:56,120 --> 04:05:06,200 BAND, TO INTERNET, TO 6801 04:05:06,200 --> 04:05:06,680 WIFI, SO 6802 04:05:06,680 --> 04:05:14,400 I'VE SEEN IT BE HELPFUL AND NOT 6803 04:05:14,400 --> 04:05:14,640 HELPFUL. 6804 04:05:14,640 --> 04:05:15,480 >> OTHER THOUGHTS. 6805 04:05:15,480 --> 04:05:16,720 >> THAT'S BEEN MY VIEW AS WELL 6806 04:05:16,720 --> 04:05:18,840 THOUGH I DON'T HAVE THE DATA FOR 6807 04:05:18,840 --> 04:05:21,480 IT, EXACTLY JUST THAT, I ALSO 6808 04:05:21,480 --> 04:05:24,120 THINK IT'S AREA SPECIFIC. 6809 04:05:24,120 --> 04:05:29,080 SO IN PSYCHIATRY ACTUALLY IN 6810 04:05:29,080 --> 04:05:30,040 PSYCHIATRY, IT'S--THERE'S STILL 6811 04:05:30,040 --> 04:05:32,440 HAVE CONTINUED WITH THE 6812 04:05:32,440 --> 04:05:33,600 TELEHEALTH AND I'M NOT SURE AT 6813 04:05:33,600 --> 04:05:34,640 WHAT POINT THEY'RE GOING TO 6814 04:05:34,640 --> 04:05:36,920 SHIFT FROM THAT BECAUSE IT HAS 6815 04:05:36,920 --> 04:05:38,400 BEEN QUITE CONVENIENT DESPITE 6816 04:05:38,400 --> 04:05:41,520 SOME OF THE ISSUES RELATED TO 6817 04:05:41,520 --> 04:05:44,800 ACCESS AND I DO SEE IN THE DATA 6818 04:05:44,800 --> 04:05:46,880 THAT ARE--OUR HOSPITALS HAD 6819 04:05:46,880 --> 04:05:49,920 GERIATRIC POPULATIONS HAVE 6820 04:05:49,920 --> 04:05:52,320 DROPPED FROM TELEPSYCHIATRY SO 6821 04:05:52,320 --> 04:05:53,440 CERTAINLY THINKING ABOUT YOU 6822 04:05:53,440 --> 04:05:55,480 KNOW ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN, AS 6823 04:05:55,480 --> 04:05:58,160 WELL AS PRIVACY ISSUES, TOO, 6824 04:05:58,160 --> 04:05:59,080 ESPECIALLY IN PSYCHIATRY, IF 6825 04:05:59,080 --> 04:06:02,120 YOU'RE AT A HOUSE AND YOU'RE 6826 04:06:02,120 --> 04:06:03,640 TRYING TO DO TELEHEALTH, YOU 6827 04:06:03,640 --> 04:06:05,160 NEED PRIVACY TO HAVE THAT 6828 04:06:05,160 --> 04:06:06,320 CONVERSATION WITH YOUR 6829 04:06:06,320 --> 04:06:09,520 PSYCHIATRIST, THAT MIGHT NOT BE 6830 04:06:09,520 --> 04:06:10,440 AVAILABLE. 6831 04:06:10,440 --> 04:06:19,040 THAT COULD REALLY AFFECT 6832 04:06:19,040 --> 04:06:19,480 TELEHEALTH AS WELL. 6833 04:06:19,480 --> 04:06:21,040 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH AND I WANT 6834 04:06:21,040 --> 04:06:23,040 TO THANK EVERYBODY, ALL THE 6835 04:06:23,040 --> 04:06:24,000 SPEAKERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN 6836 04:06:24,000 --> 04:06:25,760 THIS AND THE REST OF THE 6837 04:06:25,760 --> 04:06:27,360 PANELISTS FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION 6838 04:06:27,360 --> 04:06:28,240 IN THIS FASCINATING WORKSHOP AND 6839 04:06:28,240 --> 04:06:30,760 I WILL WRAP THIS UP I KNOW WE 6840 04:06:30,760 --> 04:06:31,760 HAVE AT LEAST 1 OTHER QUESTION 6841 04:06:31,760 --> 04:06:33,720 AND WE WILL MOVE THAT TO--WE DID 6842 04:06:33,720 --> 04:06:35,800 TALK ABOUT IT PERHAPS IN 1 OF 6843 04:06:35,800 --> 04:06:37,000 THE MEETINGS AFTER THESE EVENTS. 6844 04:06:37,000 --> 04:06:38,640 BUT I WANT TO KEEP TO THE 6845 04:06:38,640 --> 04:06:41,240 SCHEDULE SO THAT WE CAN MOVE ON 6846 04:06:41,240 --> 04:06:42,560 TO OUR NEXT PIECE. 6847 04:06:42,560 --> 04:06:46,280 THANK YOU SO MUCH, EVERYBODY. 6848 04:06:46,280 --> 04:06:48,280 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THE 6849 04:06:48,280 --> 04:06:50,040 FANTASTIC SESSION ON THE SOCIAL 6850 04:06:50,040 --> 04:06:51,440 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND COVID 6851 04:06:51,440 --> 04:06:53,320 OUTCOMES WITH THE EMPHASIS ON 6852 04:06:53,320 --> 04:06:54,520 GENDER. 6853 04:06:54,520 --> 04:06:56,440 IT WAS FANTASTIC, THANK YOU TO 6854 04:06:56,440 --> 04:07:03,960 ALL THE PANELISTS AND 6855 04:07:03,960 --> 04:07:04,600 DR. SHATTUCK-HEIDORN. 6856 04:07:04,600 --> 04:07:06,360 >> SO NEXT WE WILL MOVE TO 6857 04:07:06,360 --> 04:07:07,560 ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL'S PERSPECTIVE 6858 04:07:07,560 --> 04:07:10,200 FROM THEIR PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE 6859 04:07:10,200 --> 04:07:12,640 OF HAVING HAD COVID AND I'M 6860 04:07:12,640 --> 04:07:18,680 GOING TO INTRODUCE MISS HEATHER 6861 04:07:18,680 --> 04:07:22,800 YATES ISSUES SHE'S A GRADUATE OF 6862 04:07:22,800 --> 04:07:23,840 EDEN BURRO UNIVERSITY IN THIS 6863 04:07:23,840 --> 04:07:26,000 COUNTRY AND SHE WORKS FOR 6864 04:07:26,000 --> 04:07:26,920 UNIVERSITY OF WEST VIRGINIA FOR 6865 04:07:26,920 --> 04:07:28,480 CASE MANAGER FOR THE OFFICE OF 6866 04:07:28,480 --> 04:07:30,720 STUDENT CONDUCT AND ACADEMIC 6867 04:07:30,720 --> 04:07:32,520 INTEGRITY AND SHE'S WORKED IN 6868 04:07:32,520 --> 04:07:34,080 SOCIAL SERVICE FOR OVER 20 6869 04:07:34,080 --> 04:07:36,440 YEARS, 10 OF WHICH AS THE 6870 04:07:36,440 --> 04:07:39,400 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE COURT 6871 04:07:39,400 --> 04:07:41,360 APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATE 6872 04:07:41,360 --> 04:07:43,520 PROGRAM AND SHE HAS AND CAN YOU 6873 04:07:43,520 --> 04:07:45,640 SEE FROM EVERYTHING SHE'S GONE 6874 04:07:45,640 --> 04:07:47,640 DONE SHE HAS A DEFINITE PASSION 6875 04:07:47,640 --> 04:07:51,920 FOR ADVOCACY IS HELPING OTHERS. 6876 04:07:51,920 --> 04:07:53,120 SHE'S BEEN INVOLVED IN THE 6877 04:07:53,120 --> 04:07:54,760 RECOVER PROJECT WHICH IS A 6878 04:07:54,760 --> 04:08:02,320 COMMUNITY PROJECT THAT SUPPORTS 6879 04:08:02,320 --> 04:08:03,240 RECOVERY USING INDIVIDUAL'S 6880 04:08:03,240 --> 04:08:06,080 EXPERIENCES AS HAVING A SHARED 6881 04:08:06,080 --> 04:08:06,920 EXPERIENCE OF SOMETHING. 6882 04:08:06,920 --> 04:08:12,680 SO SHE'S VERY INVOLVED IN THAT. 6883 04:08:12,680 --> 04:08:14,880 SHE ON THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 6884 04:08:14,880 --> 04:08:16,480 AND SERVES ON THE ADVISORY BOARD 6885 04:08:16,480 --> 04:08:18,040 AND TODAY SHE'S GOING TO TALK 6886 04:08:18,040 --> 04:08:22,200 ABOUT HER EXPERIENCE AS BEING A 6887 04:08:22,200 --> 04:08:27,560 POST ACUTE SEQUELA OF SARS-COV-2 6888 04:08:27,560 --> 04:08:27,840 INFECTION. 6889 04:08:27,840 --> 04:08:28,240 >> MISS YATES. 6890 04:08:28,240 --> 04:08:28,600 >> THANK YOU. 6891 04:08:28,600 --> 04:08:29,880 I APPRECIATE YOU ALL INVITING 6892 04:08:29,880 --> 04:08:34,040 MOOY TO BE A PART OF THIS. 6893 04:08:34,040 --> 04:08:36,560 AS YOU SAID, I AM HEATHER YATES, 6894 04:08:36,560 --> 04:08:39,280 I AM 50 YEARS OLD, I LIVE IN 6895 04:08:39,280 --> 04:08:40,760 MORGAN TOWN, WEST VIRGINIA. 6896 04:08:40,760 --> 04:08:45,560 I HAVE BEEN DIAGNOSED AS A PAST 6897 04:08:45,560 --> 04:08:47,600 PATIENT OTHERWISE KNOWN AS A 6898 04:08:47,600 --> 04:08:50,160 LONG HAULER AND I'VE WORKED, 6899 04:08:50,160 --> 04:08:52,440 LIKE I SAID AT WEST VIRGINIA IN 6900 04:08:52,440 --> 04:08:54,680 THE OFFICE OF ACADEMIC CONDUCT 6901 04:08:54,680 --> 04:08:56,560 AND INTEGRITY DURING THE 6902 04:08:56,560 --> 04:08:58,760 PANDEMIC AND WHEN WE ALL HAD TO 6903 04:08:58,760 --> 04:09:02,680 PIVOT IS CLASSES GO ONLINE, OUR 6904 04:09:02,680 --> 04:09:04,720 OFFICE IS DEALING WITH ALL THE 6905 04:09:04,720 --> 04:09:07,400 COVID VIOLATIONS, WITH WE WERE 6906 04:09:07,400 --> 04:09:10,720 BRINGING THE STUDENTS BACK AND 6907 04:09:10,720 --> 04:09:11,080 SO FORTH. 6908 04:09:11,080 --> 04:09:16,080 I SERVE AS A CO CHAIR ON THE 6909 04:09:16,080 --> 04:09:18,000 NATIONAL COMMITTEE ENGAGEMENT 6910 04:09:18,000 --> 04:09:21,200 GROUP OF THE NIH COVID RECOVER 6911 04:09:21,200 --> 04:09:22,840 STUDY AS WELL AS I AM A VOTING 6912 04:09:22,840 --> 04:09:26,920 MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD 6913 04:09:26,920 --> 04:09:29,720 FOR THAT STUDY AS WELL. 6914 04:09:29,720 --> 04:09:34,880 MY STORY STARTS BACK IN DECEMBER 6915 04:09:34,880 --> 04:09:36,120 OF 2019, JANUARY OF 2020. 6916 04:09:36,120 --> 04:09:39,160 AT THAT TIME I WAS WORKING WITH 6917 04:09:39,160 --> 04:09:40,640 THE UNIVERSITY BUT I WORKED IN 6918 04:09:40,640 --> 04:09:41,720 THE FINANCIAL AID OFFICE AND I 6919 04:09:41,720 --> 04:09:45,240 WAS WORKING ON A DAILY BASIS 6920 04:09:45,240 --> 04:09:48,680 WITH STUDENTS THAT WERE STUDYING 6921 04:09:48,680 --> 04:09:52,960 ABROAD AND INTERNATIONAL 6922 04:09:52,960 --> 04:09:53,200 STUDENTS. 6923 04:09:53,200 --> 04:09:59,880 AT THAT TOO MANY I HAD GOTTEN 6924 04:09:59,880 --> 04:10:02,040 BETTER AFTER SPEAKING TO 6925 04:10:02,040 --> 04:10:04,760 COWORKERS AND IT FELT LEAK A BAD 6926 04:10:04,760 --> 04:10:07,880 COLD AND FLU THAT I HAD BUT I 6927 04:10:07,880 --> 04:10:10,840 COULDN'T KICK IT SO I STARTED 6928 04:10:10,840 --> 04:10:12,120 HAVING--LIKE DEVELOPING OVER THE 6929 04:10:12,120 --> 04:10:13,120 NEXT FEW MONTHS LIKE I WOULD 6930 04:10:13,120 --> 04:10:17,480 HAVE TO TAKE A DAY OFF, I WAS 6931 04:10:17,480 --> 04:10:19,760 RELAPSING, UP AND DOWN, WORK WAS 6932 04:10:19,760 --> 04:10:22,840 NOT SUPPORTIVE AT ALL ABOUT 6933 04:10:22,840 --> 04:10:24,280 MISSING AND BEING OUT AND DURING 6934 04:10:24,280 --> 04:10:27,600 THIS TIME I WAS SUFFER FROM--I 6935 04:10:27,600 --> 04:10:34,200 STARTED HAVING LIKE CHILLS AND 6936 04:10:34,200 --> 04:10:37,720 HOT FLASHES, STRANGELY ENOUGH, 6937 04:10:37,720 --> 04:10:40,160 GI ISSUES, URNATION, I HAD BEEN 6938 04:10:40,160 --> 04:10:42,480 DNGED WITH ANXIETY BUT MY 6939 04:10:42,480 --> 04:10:45,760 ANXIETY HAD INCREASED 6940 04:10:45,760 --> 04:10:46,120 TREMENDOUSLY. 6941 04:10:46,120 --> 04:10:47,200 I COULD--IT FELT LIKE I COULD 6942 04:10:47,200 --> 04:10:52,360 NEVER GET OUT OF THE FIGHT OR 6943 04:10:52,360 --> 04:10:53,120 FLIGHT PHASE. 6944 04:10:53,120 --> 04:10:57,120 AT THAT TIME, MY--I HAD ALSO 6945 04:10:57,120 --> 04:10:59,840 BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH SVT, YEARS 6946 04:10:59,840 --> 04:11:04,200 AGO AND HAD BEEN TREATED FOR 6947 04:11:04,200 --> 04:11:06,040 THAT, BUT THAT TOO, STARTED TO 6948 04:11:06,040 --> 04:11:09,440 BE TRIGGERED AT THAT TIME. 6949 04:11:09,440 --> 04:11:12,120 I WAS SENT TO ER FOR THE 6950 04:11:12,120 --> 04:11:16,520 TACHYCARDIA AND YOU KNOW 6951 04:11:16,520 --> 04:11:17,240 SHORTNESS OF BREATH. 6952 04:11:17,240 --> 04:11:20,560 I THEN WAS SENT BY MY PC P TO 6953 04:11:20,560 --> 04:11:21,960 SEE EAR NOSE AND THROAT 6954 04:11:21,960 --> 04:11:26,480 SPECIALIST, THEY THOUGHT I HAD 6955 04:11:26,480 --> 04:11:29,200 ALLERGIES, I WAS SENT TO A 6956 04:11:29,200 --> 04:11:30,000 GYNECOLOGIST HERE THEY THOUGHT 6957 04:11:30,000 --> 04:11:32,680 SINCE I HAD A HYSTERECTOMY BACK 6958 04:11:32,680 --> 04:11:35,880 IN 2013, THAT MUST BE WHY I WAS 6959 04:11:35,880 --> 04:11:38,240 HAVING THESE SYMPTOMS, BECAUSE 6960 04:11:38,240 --> 04:11:41,440 AT THIS POINT COVID WAS JUST 6961 04:11:41,440 --> 04:11:43,200 REALLY COMING OUT EVERYWHERE BUT 6962 04:11:43,200 --> 04:11:45,160 THERE WAS NO TESTING IN WEST 6963 04:11:45,160 --> 04:11:49,440 VIRGINIA, I DON'T EVEN KNOW IF 6964 04:11:49,440 --> 04:11:52,120 THERE WAS ANY NEARBY SO THIS 6965 04:11:52,120 --> 04:11:55,600 WENT ON THROUGH MARCH OR APRIL 6966 04:11:55,600 --> 04:11:55,960 20. 6967 04:11:55,960 --> 04:11:59,160 WE SHIFTED TO WORKING FROM HOME, 6968 04:11:59,160 --> 04:12:01,240 AND I WAS STILL STRUGGLING WITH 6969 04:12:01,240 --> 04:12:02,560 THESE SYMPTOMS AND LIKE YOU SAID 6970 04:12:02,560 --> 04:12:05,400 GOING TO THE DOCTOR DIFFERENT 6971 04:12:05,400 --> 04:12:10,400 DOCTORS, MY DAUGHTER IS WVU 6972 04:12:10,400 --> 04:12:11,720 CHEERLEADER, AS THEY WERE 6973 04:12:11,720 --> 04:12:15,720 RETURNING TO GET ATHLETICS BACK 6974 04:12:15,720 --> 04:12:18,000 IN LINE IN AUGUST OF 2020 THEY 6975 04:12:18,000 --> 04:12:22,840 TESTED THE ATHLETES, SHE TESTED 6976 04:12:22,840 --> 04:12:24,080 NEGATIVE WE THOUGHT EVERYTHING 6977 04:12:24,080 --> 04:12:24,360 WAS GOOD. 6978 04:12:24,360 --> 04:12:27,240 ONE OF HER TEAMMATES AFTER BEING 6979 04:12:27,240 --> 04:12:28,960 TESTED NEGATIVE WENT OUT, HAD A 6980 04:12:28,960 --> 04:12:32,440 GOOD TIME, DIDN'T TELL ANYONE, 6981 04:12:32,440 --> 04:12:33,800 SHE WAS--SHE CAME DOWN WITH 6982 04:12:33,800 --> 04:12:37,720 COVID AND THEN HAD PASSED IT ON 6983 04:12:37,720 --> 04:12:39,000 TO OTHER TEAM MEMBERS HENCE HOW 6984 04:12:39,000 --> 04:12:41,080 I HAD GOTTEN IT BUT WE DIDN'T 6985 04:12:41,080 --> 04:12:44,440 KNOW UNTIL I GO REALLY, REALLY 6986 04:12:44,440 --> 04:12:46,800 SICK AND THE CONTACT TRACING 6987 04:12:46,800 --> 04:12:48,440 STARTED. 6988 04:12:48,440 --> 04:12:51,440 SO THAT WAS IN LIKE AROUND LABOR 6989 04:12:51,440 --> 04:12:51,880 DAY. 6990 04:12:51,880 --> 04:12:53,840 AT THAT TIME AND I REALLY, THIS 6991 04:12:53,840 --> 04:12:59,080 TIME I FELT LIKE I WAS ALMOST 6992 04:12:59,080 --> 04:13:00,920 ALLERGIC TO MYSELF I WAS LIKE 6993 04:13:00,920 --> 04:13:02,120 OFF THE CHARTS. 6994 04:13:02,120 --> 04:13:04,320 I NEVER HAD ALLERGIES, AND I WAS 6995 04:13:04,320 --> 04:13:07,920 SENT TO ENT AGAIN, THEY ORDERED 6996 04:13:07,920 --> 04:13:09,600 ALLERGY TESTING AND I LITERALLY, 6997 04:13:09,600 --> 04:13:14,440 MY ARM WAS SPOALEN UP, BOTH ARMS 6998 04:13:14,440 --> 04:13:16,840 FOR WEEKS AND I SUDDENLY 6999 04:13:16,840 --> 04:13:19,360 ALLERGIC IT SAID TO EVERYTHING. 7000 04:13:19,360 --> 04:13:21,120 I DID GET SENT TO--THEY WANTED 7001 04:13:21,120 --> 04:13:25,480 TO GET ME ON ALLERGY TESTING BUT 7002 04:13:25,480 --> 04:13:27,040 AGAIN, I GOT SICK AND THEY 7003 04:13:27,040 --> 04:13:28,400 PULLED BACK BECAUSE I WAS SO 7004 04:13:28,400 --> 04:13:28,680 SICK. 7005 04:13:28,680 --> 04:13:30,640 I WAS SENT TO ANOTHER LIKE 7006 04:13:30,640 --> 04:13:32,040 ALLERGIST THAT WAS ACTUALLY LIKE 7007 04:13:32,040 --> 04:13:33,560 CERTIFIED WHO DID ALL THE 7008 04:13:33,560 --> 04:13:37,120 TESTING ON MY BACK AND THAT CAME 7009 04:13:37,120 --> 04:13:38,960 BACK AS I WASN'T ALLERGIC TO 7010 04:13:38,960 --> 04:13:41,640 ANYTHING, THEY DID A BLOOD TEST, 7011 04:13:41,640 --> 04:13:43,160 WASN'T ALLERGIC TO ANYTHING BUT 7012 04:13:43,160 --> 04:13:45,400 I WAS HAVING THESE KIND OF 7013 04:13:45,400 --> 04:13:50,040 INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES THAT WERE 7014 04:13:50,040 --> 04:13:51,040 REALLY CRAZY. 7015 04:13:51,040 --> 04:13:54,360 SO IN OCTOBER, I SUDDENLY 7016 04:13:54,360 --> 04:13:55,040 DEVELOPED DEBILITATING HEADACHES 7017 04:13:55,040 --> 04:13:58,960 AND I HAD NEVER HAD A HEADACHE 7018 04:13:58,960 --> 04:14:02,240 BEFORE ISSUE MAYBE LIKE A MINOR 7019 04:14:02,240 --> 04:14:07,640 SINUS PRESSURE BUT NOTHING LIKE 7020 04:14:07,640 --> 04:14:07,840 THIS. 7021 04:14:07,840 --> 04:14:09,080 I WAS HAVING HEADACHES FOR 25 7022 04:14:09,080 --> 04:14:10,720 DAYS IN A ROW. 7023 04:14:10,720 --> 04:14:13,040 I COULDN'T GET TO A NEUROLOGIST 7024 04:14:13,040 --> 04:14:20,320 FAST ENOUGH, THERE WERE NO 7025 04:14:20,320 --> 04:14:20,680 OPENINGS. 7026 04:14:20,680 --> 04:14:23,760 IT WASN'T UNTIL MY PC P REFERRED 7027 04:14:23,760 --> 04:14:27,680 TO ME INFECTIOUS DISEASE, THAT 7028 04:14:27,680 --> 04:14:29,720 DR. LISTENED TO ME AND SHE TOLD 7029 04:14:29,720 --> 04:14:31,880 ME, THAT I WAS NOT ALONE, WE 7030 04:14:31,880 --> 04:14:33,560 NEEDED TO LEARN MORE AND SO 7031 04:14:33,560 --> 04:14:35,280 FORTH BUT SHE REALLY HELPED ME 7032 04:14:35,280 --> 04:14:36,480 THROUGH A LOT BECAUSE DURING 7033 04:14:36,480 --> 04:14:39,280 THIS TIME, I WAS SUFFERING A LOT 7034 04:14:39,280 --> 04:14:40,680 OF MEDICAL DEBT FROM ALL THE 7035 04:14:40,680 --> 04:14:42,640 TESTING AND SO FORTH, AND SHE 7036 04:14:42,640 --> 04:14:47,800 WENT TO BAT FOR ME WITH THE 7037 04:14:47,800 --> 04:14:49,760 HOSPITAL BECAUSE I COULDN'T LIKE 7038 04:14:49,760 --> 04:14:50,720 EVEN ATTEMPT TO RECOVER BECAUSE 7039 04:14:50,720 --> 04:14:54,800 I WAS SO STRESSED OUT AND IT WAS 7040 04:14:54,800 --> 04:14:59,600 JUST A VISUAL CYCLE OF THE 7041 04:14:59,600 --> 04:15:00,400 STRESS LIKE INFLAMING EVERYTHING 7042 04:15:00,400 --> 04:15:03,040 THAT WAS HAPPENING TO ME. 7043 04:15:03,040 --> 04:15:07,160 I STARTED HAVING THE HEADACHES, 7044 04:15:07,160 --> 04:15:11,000 BLURRY VISION, THAT'S WHEN THE 7045 04:15:11,000 --> 04:15:13,480 TERRIBLE MUSCLE PAIN TWASN'T IN 7046 04:15:13,480 --> 04:15:14,960 MY JOINTS AND IT WAS IN MY 7047 04:15:14,960 --> 04:15:16,360 MUSCLES AND IT WENT FROM THE 7048 04:15:16,360 --> 04:15:17,880 BASE OF THE SKULL DOWN MY SPINE 7049 04:15:17,880 --> 04:15:20,760 ON OTHER SIDE THAT WAS TERRIBLE, 7050 04:15:20,760 --> 04:15:23,720 THE FATIGUE AND THE INSOMNIA, 7051 04:15:23,720 --> 04:15:25,600 LIKE I--IT'S HARD TO IMAGINE 7052 04:15:25,600 --> 04:15:27,400 BEING SO TIRED YET COULD NOT 7053 04:15:27,400 --> 04:15:31,760 SLEEP TO SAVE YOUR LIFE. 7054 04:15:31,760 --> 04:15:36,280 I HAD THIS--I COULDN'T EXPLAIN 7055 04:15:36,280 --> 04:15:39,040 IT TO ANYONE THIS FEELING OF 7056 04:15:39,040 --> 04:15:41,640 CONGESTION THAT WAS SO DEEP IN 7057 04:15:41,640 --> 04:15:43,760 THE CENTER OF MY HEAD AS IF YOU 7058 04:15:43,760 --> 04:15:47,120 PUT A CROSS THROUGH THE MISS OF 7059 04:15:47,120 --> 04:15:49,200 MY HEAD, IT WAS IN THERE BUT I 7060 04:15:49,200 --> 04:15:52,080 WAS NOT CONGESTED, I KNEW MY 7061 04:15:52,080 --> 04:15:53,560 NAISAL PASSAGES WERE COMPLETELY 7062 04:15:53,560 --> 04:15:54,880 CLEAR, I COULD BREATHE FINE BUT 7063 04:15:54,880 --> 04:16:00,080 I HAD THIS HORRIBLE FEELING OF 7064 04:16:00,080 --> 04:16:01,080 CONGESTION AND PAIN. 7065 04:16:01,080 --> 04:16:04,840 I WAS FINALLY REFERRED TO 7066 04:16:04,840 --> 04:16:07,800 NEUROLOGY BUT IT WAS A VERY LONG 7067 04:16:07,800 --> 04:16:09,320 KIND OF TESTING, YOU HAVE TO TRY 7068 04:16:09,320 --> 04:16:11,040 THIS FIRST, THIS FIRST AND I WAS 7069 04:16:11,040 --> 04:16:13,000 VERY FRUSTRATED BECAUSE I WAS 7070 04:16:13,000 --> 04:16:14,880 NOT BEING LISTENED TO I'M 7071 04:16:14,880 --> 04:16:16,080 NOT--I'VE NEVER HAD HEADACHES 7072 04:16:16,080 --> 04:16:17,600 YOU'RE ASKING ME FOR A HISTORY 7073 04:16:17,600 --> 04:16:20,120 THEY DON'T HAVE, YOU KNOW, IN IS 7074 04:16:20,120 --> 04:16:25,360 WHERE MY HISTORY STARTS SO 7075 04:16:25,360 --> 04:16:27,960 DURING THAT TIME I WAS SO SICK 7076 04:16:27,960 --> 04:16:29,520 IN TRYING TO ADVOCATE FOR 7077 04:16:29,520 --> 04:16:32,400 MYSELF, I WROTE TO MY STATE 7078 04:16:32,400 --> 04:16:34,560 REPRESENTATIVES AND 1 RESPONDED, 7079 04:16:34,560 --> 04:16:37,600 AND SHE ACTUALLY HELPED ME GET 7080 04:16:37,600 --> 04:16:40,480 CONNECTED HERE IN WEST VIRGINIA 7081 04:16:40,480 --> 04:16:42,200 WITH SUPPLEMENTAL MEDICAID FOR 7082 04:16:42,200 --> 04:16:46,480 PEOPLE LIKE ME WHO HAVE A 7083 04:16:46,480 --> 04:16:48,480 LONG-TERM ILLNESS AND HAVE 7084 04:16:48,480 --> 04:16:50,760 COMMERCIAL INSURANCE AND THAT 7085 04:16:50,760 --> 04:16:52,160 LITERALLY, IT WAS LIFE SAVING 7086 04:16:52,160 --> 04:16:56,840 BECAUSE IT PICKED UP ALL OF THAT 7087 04:16:56,840 --> 04:16:58,560 THAT MEDICAL DEBT. 7088 04:16:58,560 --> 04:16:59,600 WHATEVER MY INSURANCE DIDN'T 7089 04:16:59,600 --> 04:17:00,640 COVER, THAT WAS PICKING UP AND 7090 04:17:00,640 --> 04:17:03,360 THAT WAS A HUGE, HUGE HELP. 7091 04:17:03,360 --> 04:17:06,240 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH MISS YATES, 7092 04:17:06,240 --> 04:17:07,800 THAT'S REALLY HELPFUL FOR YOU TO 7093 04:17:07,800 --> 04:17:10,200 OUTLINE THIS ORDEAL THAT YOU 7094 04:17:10,200 --> 04:17:12,840 WENT THROUGH AND YOU KNOW, LIKE 7095 04:17:12,840 --> 04:17:17,240 WE HEARD BEFORE, COMING UP WITHA 7096 04:17:17,240 --> 04:17:18,960 A NEW REALLY AND HAVING 7097 04:17:18,960 --> 04:17:21,360 PEOPLE SAY, WELL, NEVER SEEN IT 7098 04:17:21,360 --> 04:17:22,880 BEFORE SO DOIBTING WHAT YOU'RE 7099 04:17:22,880 --> 04:17:24,720 GOING THROUGH OR NOT REALLY 7100 04:17:24,720 --> 04:17:26,520 UNDERSTANDING HOW TO CLASSIFY 7101 04:17:26,520 --> 04:17:26,720 IT. 7102 04:17:26,720 --> 04:17:28,440 IT'S SO--IT'S SO VALUABLE THAT 7103 04:17:28,440 --> 04:17:30,320 YOU WOULD SHARE THIS PERSONAL 7104 04:17:30,320 --> 04:17:32,920 EXPERIENCE WITH US AND I'M GLAD 7105 04:17:32,920 --> 04:17:34,560 THAT SOMEWHERE ALONG THE WAY, 7106 04:17:34,560 --> 04:17:37,280 SOME INDIVIDUALS WERE ACTUALLY 7107 04:17:37,280 --> 04:17:38,440 LISTENING AND HELPING YOU MANAGE 7108 04:17:38,440 --> 04:17:41,600 BECAUSE YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT THE 7109 04:17:41,600 --> 04:17:44,480 STRESS OF THE MONEY SITUATION ON 7110 04:17:44,480 --> 04:17:48,640 TOP WHICH ALSO HAS A BIOLOGICAL 7111 04:17:48,640 --> 04:17:49,160 EFFECT OF COURSE. 7112 04:17:49,160 --> 04:17:51,240 BUT THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 7113 04:17:51,240 --> 04:17:52,640 SHARING AND WE HOPE THAT YOU 7114 04:17:52,640 --> 04:17:54,200 WILL PARTICIPATE IN THE BREAK 7115 04:17:54,200 --> 04:17:55,600 OUT SESSIONS BECAUSE, I MEAN 7116 04:17:55,600 --> 04:17:57,800 THIS IS REALLY, REALLY HELPFUL 7117 04:17:57,800 --> 04:18:00,120 TO HEAR SO THAT WE CAN AS I SAY, 7118 04:18:00,120 --> 04:18:02,440 SO WE CAN MODEL THE BASIC 7119 04:18:02,440 --> 04:18:04,240 SCIENCE CAN MODEL THE PROBLEMS 7120 04:18:04,240 --> 04:18:05,720 AND THE CLINICAL VICTORYS CAN 7121 04:18:05,720 --> 04:18:08,600 ASK THE RIGHT QUESTIONS. 7122 04:18:08,600 --> 04:18:09,200 >> ABNORMALITIES VIEWTLY, 7123 04:18:09,200 --> 04:18:09,800 ABSOLUTELY THIS REAL PROBLEM. 7124 04:18:09,800 --> 04:18:11,880 I THINK WE HAVE TO MOVE ON. 7125 04:18:11,880 --> 04:18:15,240 SO THAT I DON'T GET IN TROUBLE 7126 04:18:15,240 --> 04:18:17,040 WITH THE JASMINA BECAUSE SHE HAS 7127 04:18:17,040 --> 04:18:17,440 THIS WHIP. 7128 04:18:17,440 --> 04:18:18,880 BUT THANK YOU SO MUCH, SO NOW 7129 04:18:18,880 --> 04:18:22,880 WE'RE GOING TO HEAR FROM MR. JD 7130 04:18:22,880 --> 04:18:24,680 DAVIDS. 7131 04:18:24,680 --> 04:18:26,880 HE'S A HEALTH JUSTICE AND 7132 04:18:26,880 --> 04:18:27,480 COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIST AND 7133 04:18:27,480 --> 04:18:30,280 HE'S BEEN WORKING WITH THE 7134 04:18:30,280 --> 04:18:32,000 NETWORKS OF DISABLED AND 7135 04:18:32,000 --> 04:18:34,480 CHRONICALLY ILL PEOPLE AND HE 7136 04:18:34,480 --> 04:18:35,640 CONFOUNDED STRATEGIES FOR HIGH 7137 04:18:35,640 --> 04:18:38,760 IMPACT AND IT'S NETWORK FOR LONG 7138 04:18:38,760 --> 04:18:39,200 OOSK JUSTICE. 7139 04:18:39,200 --> 04:18:41,360 THANK YOU FOR THAT MR. DAVIDS. 7140 04:18:41,360 --> 04:18:42,800 AND HE'S A CONTRIBUTING MEMBER 7141 04:18:42,800 --> 04:18:46,840 OF THE PATIENT LED RESEARCH 7142 04:18:46,840 --> 04:18:47,520 COLLABORATIVE AND HE'S--I DON'T 7143 04:18:47,520 --> 04:18:50,520 HAVE TIME TO READ EVERYTHING 7144 04:18:50,520 --> 04:18:52,760 HE'S DONE BUT BEEN AN EXTERNAL 7145 04:18:52,760 --> 04:18:54,280 EXPERT OOZE'RE ADVISOR TO THE 7146 04:18:54,280 --> 04:18:55,760 NIH, THE CENTER FOR DISEASE 7147 04:18:55,760 --> 04:19:01,640 CONTROL AND ALSO THE LOCAL 7148 04:19:01,640 --> 04:19:04,720 HEALTH DEPARTMENTS AND HE'S A 7149 04:19:04,720 --> 04:19:06,120 SENIOR DIRECTOR OF 7150 04:19:06,120 --> 04:19:07,160 COMMUNICATIONSA THE BODY, BODY 7151 04:19:07,160 --> 04:19:09,720 PRO AND SERVED AS STRATEGIST AND 7152 04:19:09,720 --> 04:19:12,160 ORGANIZER WITH MANY GROUPS 7153 04:19:12,160 --> 04:19:13,200 INCLUDING THE TRANSGENDER 7154 04:19:13,200 --> 04:19:14,080 STRATEGY CENTER, IT WAS A 7155 04:19:14,080 --> 04:19:17,360 PLEASURE TO HEAR FROM YOU TODAY, 7156 04:19:17,360 --> 04:19:20,920 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SHARING 7157 04:19:20,920 --> 04:19:22,800 YOUR PERSONAL STORIES. 7158 04:19:22,800 --> 04:19:23,120 MR. DAVIDS? 7159 04:19:23,120 --> 04:19:24,360 >> THANKS FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY. 7160 04:19:24,360 --> 04:19:26,640 I'M A DISABLED AND CHRONICALLY 7161 04:19:26,640 --> 04:19:29,560 ILL TRANSGENDER AND QUEER PERSON 7162 04:19:29,560 --> 04:19:34,400 LIVING WITH MULTIPLE COMPLEX 7163 04:19:34,400 --> 04:19:36,880 CHRONIC CONDITIONS ENCLOUDING 7164 04:19:36,880 --> 04:19:38,400 MESS, AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER 7165 04:19:38,400 --> 04:19:42,320 AND LONG COVID AND BROOKLYN, 7166 04:19:42,320 --> 04:19:42,560 NEW YORK. 7167 04:19:42,560 --> 04:19:43,320 AS I RESPOND TO OPPORTUNITIES TO 7168 04:19:43,320 --> 04:19:45,680 BE A PART OF LONG COVID 7169 04:19:45,680 --> 04:19:47,280 RESEARCH, I BECAME AWARE OF A 7170 04:19:47,280 --> 04:19:49,160 VOICE INSIDE ME EVEN AS 7171 04:19:49,160 --> 04:19:50,240 PRIVILEGED AFFIRMED AS I AM, 7172 04:19:50,240 --> 04:19:52,360 SAYING THAT I AM AN INTERLOPER, 7173 04:19:52,360 --> 04:19:53,960 THAT I WILL CONFOUND THE DATA 7174 04:19:53,960 --> 04:19:55,760 THAT I WILL SOMEHOW BREAK THE 7175 04:19:55,760 --> 04:19:56,880 RESEARCH AND/OR THAT I CAN'T 7176 04:19:56,880 --> 04:19:58,560 TRUST THAT THE QUESTIONS AND 7177 04:19:58,560 --> 04:20:01,240 ANALYSIS WILL BE ABLE TO HANDLE 7178 04:20:01,240 --> 04:20:11,800 MY MULTIPLE ATYPICALITYS WHICH I 7179 04:20:29,680 --> 04:20:30,440 WILL DESCRIBE. 7180 04:20:30,440 --> 04:20:31,720 --I WANT TO REMIND US THAT THE 7181 04:20:31,720 --> 04:20:33,680 UNITED STATES NOW INCLUDES 7182 04:20:33,680 --> 04:20:35,200 REGIONS WHERE CARE FOR 7183 04:20:35,200 --> 04:20:39,120 TRANSGENDER IEWGHT FOR SUCH IS 7184 04:20:39,120 --> 04:20:39,840 EXPLICITLY ILLEGAL, TRANSGENDER 7185 04:20:39,840 --> 04:20:41,280 HAVE BEEN BANNED FROM COMPETENT 7186 04:20:41,280 --> 04:20:44,880 CARE IS THEIR CARE PROVIDERS 7187 04:20:44,880 --> 04:20:46,040 SUBJECT TO PROSECUTION, THERE 7188 04:20:46,040 --> 04:20:56,520 ARE NATIONS AROUND THE WORLD 7189 04:20:58,920 --> 04:21:09,240 WHERE LGBTQ PEOPLE ARE 7190 04:21:15,400 --> 04:21:15,840 MARGINALIZED. 7191 04:21:15,840 --> 04:21:18,000 IT'S A VICIOUS CYCLE, TRANSWOMEN 7192 04:21:18,000 --> 04:21:20,960 ARE WOMEN AND TRANSMEN ARE MEN, 7193 04:21:20,960 --> 04:21:22,600 BUT LIKE MANY PEOPLE, I AM 7194 04:21:22,600 --> 04:21:25,600 NEITHER, I WAS ASSIGNED FEMALE 7195 04:21:25,600 --> 04:21:29,720 AT BIRTH, BUT AM TRANSGENDER, 7196 04:21:29,720 --> 04:21:33,200 NOT MALE, NOT FEMALE, I'VE BEEN 7197 04:21:33,200 --> 04:21:33,960 CHRONICALLY ILL, LABELED ALLERGY 7198 04:21:33,960 --> 04:21:37,960 AS AS GROWING UP, FREQUENT 7199 04:21:37,960 --> 04:21:40,280 INFECTIONS AND ROUNDS OF ROUNDS 7200 04:21:40,280 --> 04:21:42,600 OF ASPECT BIOTICS I ALSO 7201 04:21:42,600 --> 04:21:43,760 EXPERIENCED FAMILIARIAL ABUSE 7202 04:21:43,760 --> 04:21:46,560 AND SOCIAL OTHERSING BUT START 7203 04:21:46,560 --> 04:21:55,600 NOTHING MID TO LATE 20S AFTER A 7204 04:21:55,600 --> 04:21:56,920 CYCLING, I WENT NUM FROM THE 7205 04:21:56,920 --> 04:22:00,480 NECK DOWN, I WAS DIAGNOSED WITH 7206 04:22:00,480 --> 04:22:02,040 TRANSVERSE MILE IDENTITYITEIS 7207 04:22:02,040 --> 04:22:03,880 WITH CLINICALLY ISOLATED 7208 04:22:03,880 --> 04:22:04,520 SYNDROME, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 7209 04:22:04,520 --> 04:22:08,280 WHEN IT HAPPENED A SECOND TIME 7210 04:22:08,280 --> 04:22:09,600 AND NEUROMILITEIS WHEN IT 7211 04:22:09,600 --> 04:22:13,880 HAPPENED TWICE MORE, I HAVE 7212 04:22:13,880 --> 04:22:16,200 ATYPICAL PRESENTATION AS 7213 04:22:16,200 --> 04:22:18,560 TRANSMILEITIS CAUSES RAPID 7214 04:22:18,560 --> 04:22:20,480 PARALYSIS AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 7215 04:22:20,480 --> 04:22:22,120 CAUSES MILD DAMAGE AND I HAVE 7216 04:22:22,120 --> 04:22:23,320 NUMBNESS AND WEAKNESS AND OTHER 7217 04:22:23,320 --> 04:22:25,960 SYMPTOMS I HAVE TAKEN 7218 04:22:25,960 --> 04:22:26,720 IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT 7219 04:22:26,720 --> 04:22:30,240 BECAUSE I'M OFF BECAUSE I DIDN'T 7220 04:22:30,240 --> 04:22:32,160 WANT TO BE IMMUNE CYPRESSED 7221 04:22:32,160 --> 04:22:33,720 DURING THE PANDEMIC I HAVEN'T 7222 04:22:33,720 --> 04:22:34,720 HAD REOCCURRENCE BUT WAS 7223 04:22:34,720 --> 04:22:38,760 DIAGNOSED WITH M. E. AS WELL M. 7224 04:22:38,760 --> 04:22:42,200 THFR GENE MUTATION BY DR. SUSAN 7225 04:22:42,200 --> 04:22:45,520 LAVINE IN 2017 NOW WITH MANY 7226 04:22:45,520 --> 04:22:47,360 SYMPTOMS THE SAME IN LONG COVID. 7227 04:22:47,360 --> 04:22:49,440 I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN QUEER AND 7228 04:22:49,440 --> 04:22:50,720 TRANS, BUT I DIDN'T HAVE 7229 04:22:50,720 --> 04:22:57,960 LANGUAGE FOR IT. 7230 04:22:57,960 --> 04:22:59,240 AFTER GIVE--ADD ON ESTRO 7231 04:22:59,240 --> 04:23:00,640 GENERATED BLOCKER TO STOP 7232 04:23:00,640 --> 04:23:01,920 CYCLING AND TRANSFER MY HORMONE 7233 04:23:01,920 --> 04:23:04,640 AT MEDS TO THAT MOSTLY 7234 04:23:04,640 --> 04:23:05,480 ASSOCIATED WITH CISGENDER MEN 7235 04:23:05,480 --> 04:23:07,160 WHO HAVE LOWER RATES OF 7236 04:23:07,160 --> 04:23:09,680 AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS THAT I WAS 7237 04:23:09,680 --> 04:23:10,480 ACCUMULATING DIAGNOSIS OF. 7238 04:23:10,480 --> 04:23:11,680 I HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF 7239 04:23:11,680 --> 04:23:13,480 AFIRNLATION IN MY LIFE AS A 7240 04:23:13,480 --> 04:23:15,600 WHITE PRIVILEGED PERSON IN A 7241 04:23:15,600 --> 04:23:16,640 QUEER PERSON IN THE QUEER 7242 04:23:16,640 --> 04:23:17,960 COMMUNITY AND BEEN ABLE TO WORK 7243 04:23:17,960 --> 04:23:20,440 IN SITUATIONS WHERE I'M NOT 7244 04:23:20,440 --> 04:23:21,120 EXPERIENCING DISCRIMINATION OR 7245 04:23:21,120 --> 04:23:22,440 BIAS AND THE THIRD OR FOURTH 7246 04:23:22,440 --> 04:23:25,880 GENERATIONS THAT MAY BE MORE AND 7247 04:23:25,880 --> 04:23:27,480 DIRECT LINEAGE OF MY 7248 04:23:27,480 --> 04:23:28,680 [INDISCERNIBLE] JEWISH FAMILY 7249 04:23:28,680 --> 04:23:30,080 THAT'S QUEER OR TRANS, 7250 04:23:30,080 --> 04:23:31,680 NONETHELESS HAVE HAD TO BREAK 7251 04:23:31,680 --> 04:23:33,880 OFF CONTACT WITH POETIC MOST OF 7252 04:23:33,880 --> 04:23:37,320 MY FAMILY FOR ABUSE OF 7253 04:23:37,320 --> 04:23:38,760 TRANSPHOBIA INCLUDING THREATS TO 7254 04:23:38,760 --> 04:23:40,200 ME AS A PARENT. 7255 04:23:40,200 --> 04:23:42,160 SO I'VE HAD GOOD ACCESS TO CARE, 7256 04:23:42,160 --> 04:23:44,760 THOUGH IT'S HARD AND VERY HA 7257 04:23:44,760 --> 04:23:46,480 ORDER TOK SESES CARE, I'VE 7258 04:23:46,480 --> 04:23:48,200 ALMOST ALWAYS HAD PRIVATE 7259 04:23:48,200 --> 04:23:49,240 INSURANCE, I'VE BEEN MARRIED 7260 04:23:49,240 --> 04:23:50,680 TWICE TO RETAIN OR OBTAIN IT AND 7261 04:23:50,680 --> 04:23:53,680 I LIVE WHERE THERE'S SPECIALISTS 7262 04:23:53,680 --> 04:23:55,120 IN URBAN AREAS, I HAVE A LOT OF 7263 04:23:55,120 --> 04:23:56,760 EXPERIENCE WITH NEFF GATING 7264 04:23:56,760 --> 04:23:58,400 HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS BUT STILL 7265 04:23:58,400 --> 04:23:59,880 TROUBLING, EXHAUSTING TO LIVE 7266 04:23:59,880 --> 04:24:01,880 WITH THE COMPLEX CHRONIC 7267 04:24:01,880 --> 04:24:03,920 CONDITION THAT CAN BEING AMPLIFY 7268 04:24:03,920 --> 04:24:04,480 BIDE GENDER STUFF. 7269 04:24:04,480 --> 04:24:05,880 I WON'T GO INTO DETAILS BUT I 7270 04:24:05,880 --> 04:24:07,880 HAVE TO DEAL WITH 17 DIFFERENT 7271 04:24:07,880 --> 04:24:09,400 COURSES OF MEDICATION AND 7272 04:24:09,400 --> 04:24:10,120 TREATMENT PLUS MULTIPLE 7273 04:24:10,120 --> 04:24:13,320 PROVIDERS AND OTHER THINGS AND 7274 04:24:13,320 --> 04:24:14,480 I'VE HAD PROVIDERS WHO WERE 7275 04:24:14,480 --> 04:24:15,800 GENDER COMP TEBT WHO WOULDN'T 7276 04:24:15,800 --> 04:24:17,640 TREAT ME BECAUSE OF MY RARE 7277 04:24:17,640 --> 04:24:19,720 MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND I'VE HAD 7278 04:24:19,720 --> 04:24:22,160 SPECIALIST WHO IS COULDN'T TREAT 7279 04:24:22,160 --> 04:24:24,560 ME FOR MY GENDER BUT SAID MY 7280 04:24:24,560 --> 04:24:29,120 GUESS WAS AS GOOD AS THEREs IF 7281 04:24:29,120 --> 04:24:32,800 WHETHER CHANGING MY HORMONAL MIX 7282 04:24:32,800 --> 04:24:35,480 WOULD EFFECT MY CONDITIONS. 7283 04:24:35,480 --> 04:24:43,000 I GOT MARRIED IN 2020. 7284 04:24:43,000 --> 04:24:47,280 I HAD STANDARD SORT OF LIST OF 7285 04:24:47,280 --> 04:24:48,920 MILD, COVID SYMPTOMS AND 7286 04:24:48,920 --> 04:24:51,360 AFTERWARDS WASN'T SURE IF I 7287 04:24:51,360 --> 04:24:53,920 ONGOING SYMPTOMS WERE FROM MY 7288 04:24:53,920 --> 04:24:55,640 CHRONIC CONDITIONS OR FROM 7289 04:24:55,640 --> 04:24:56,440 COVID. 7290 04:24:56,440 --> 04:24:59,320 THOUGH I DID HAVE EPISODES OF 7291 04:24:59,320 --> 04:25:00,960 HEART FAST BEATING AT NIGHT AND 7292 04:25:00,960 --> 04:25:04,120 OTHER THINGS THAT WERE NEW. 7293 04:25:04,120 --> 04:25:07,520 I HAD BRAIN FOG AND I CAN'T TELL 7294 04:25:07,520 --> 04:25:09,640 WHAT WAS FROM THE HELLISH 7295 04:25:09,640 --> 04:25:10,880 CLIMATE OF FEAR INCLUDING 7296 04:25:10,880 --> 04:25:12,440 SHARING A CHILD BETWEEN 7297 04:25:12,440 --> 04:25:18,200 HOUSEHOLDS THAT COULD EXPOSE MY 7298 04:25:18,200 --> 04:25:19,720 TYPE 1 DIABETIC PARTNER WHOSE 7299 04:25:19,720 --> 04:25:20,320 ALSO TRANS. 7300 04:25:20,320 --> 04:25:22,040 I HAD SIDE EFFECTS THAT PASS THE 7301 04:25:22,040 --> 04:25:24,760 OUT AND BROKE MY ANKLE, 36 HOURS 7302 04:25:24,760 --> 04:25:26,320 LATER WHEN I WENT FOR PREE 7303 04:25:26,320 --> 04:25:28,720 SURGERY FOR MY ANKLE I TESTED 7304 04:25:28,720 --> 04:25:30,440 POSITIVE FOR COVID. 7305 04:25:30,440 --> 04:25:31,840 SO I COULDN'T THEN TELL 7306 04:25:31,840 --> 04:25:32,960 RECOVERING FROM ANKLE SURGERY 2 7307 04:25:32,960 --> 04:25:34,960 DAYS LATER IF I WAS HAVING 7308 04:25:34,960 --> 04:25:36,520 SYMPTOMS OR NOT BUT I KNEW IT 7309 04:25:36,520 --> 04:25:39,120 WASN'T SEVERE BUT I DO HAVE 7310 04:25:39,120 --> 04:25:41,040 DISTINCT LONG COVID SINCE THEN. 7311 04:25:41,040 --> 04:25:43,400 FORTUNATELY NONAPOPTOTIC THE A 7312 04:25:43,400 --> 04:25:45,480 DANGEROUS LEVEL, MASS CELL 7313 04:25:45,480 --> 04:25:46,520 ACTIVATION SYNDROME TYPE 7314 04:25:46,520 --> 04:25:48,720 SYMPTOMS BUT WHICH FORTUNATELY I 7315 04:25:48,720 --> 04:25:49,960 HAVE ACCESS TO TREATMENT THAT 7316 04:25:49,960 --> 04:25:51,520 I'VE LEARN BODY AT FIRST FROM 7317 04:25:51,520 --> 04:25:52,760 OTHER PEOPLE WITH LONG COVID 7318 04:25:52,760 --> 04:25:54,120 THAT I NEVER LEARNED ABOUT FROM 7319 04:25:54,120 --> 04:25:55,760 ANY OF MY CARE PROVIDERS THAT 7320 04:25:55,760 --> 04:25:58,040 HAVE HELPED ME LIFT MY BRAIN 7321 04:25:58,040 --> 04:26:01,240 FOG, BUT NOW I HAVE PREDIABETES 7322 04:26:01,240 --> 04:26:04,520 LAB MARKERS AND WEIGHT DISTINCT 7323 04:26:04,520 --> 04:26:05,280 ABDOMINAL FAT INCREASES WHICH 7324 04:26:05,280 --> 04:26:07,840 COULD BE TREATMENT FROM THE LONG 7325 04:26:07,840 --> 04:26:09,920 COVID BUT IN COMPARISON TO THE 7326 04:26:09,920 --> 04:26:11,720 PREPANDEMIC I DO LITTLE BESIDES 7327 04:26:11,720 --> 04:26:13,080 WORKING AT HOME, PARENTING AT 7328 04:26:13,080 --> 04:26:16,880 HOME, AND RESTING AT HOME. 7329 04:26:16,880 --> 04:26:19,560 SO AS WE CLOSE, THANK YOU FOR 7330 04:26:19,560 --> 04:26:20,880 YOUR DISCUSSIONS TODAY ABOUT 7331 04:26:20,880 --> 04:26:23,400 GENDER DIVERSITY, I HOPE YOU 7332 04:26:23,400 --> 04:26:25,160 WILL PROACTIVE FOR EXAMPLE, IN 7333 04:26:25,160 --> 04:26:26,480 PUB ILICATIONS AND REPORTING ON 7334 04:26:26,480 --> 04:26:27,880 RESEARCH, IF THERE'S NOT USE OF 7335 04:26:27,880 --> 04:26:29,920 A 2 STEP SYSTEM FOR VALIDATION 7336 04:26:29,920 --> 04:26:31,680 OF GENDER THAT SHOULD BE POINTED 7337 04:26:31,680 --> 04:26:33,160 OUT AS A STUDY LIMITATION, IF 7338 04:26:33,160 --> 04:26:34,200 IT'S NOT CLEAR THAT RANS PEOPLE 7339 04:26:34,200 --> 04:26:37,240 WERE IN YOUR STUDY, IT'S IT'S 7340 04:26:37,240 --> 04:26:39,000 NOT CLEAR AND POWER THEM IT 7341 04:26:39,000 --> 04:26:40,440 WHENEVER POSSIBLE TO CONTRIBUTE 7342 04:26:40,440 --> 04:26:42,120 TO KNOWLEDGE BASE BASED ON 7343 04:26:42,120 --> 04:26:43,040 TRANSABOUTS OF LIVES. 7344 04:26:43,040 --> 04:26:44,080 IF THAT CAN HAPPEN NOTICE THE 7345 04:26:44,080 --> 04:26:46,560 LACK OF ABILITY TO DISAGGREGATE 7346 04:26:46,560 --> 04:26:48,320 OR SEPARATELY ANALYZE DATA. 7347 04:26:48,320 --> 04:26:49,720 FINALLY THE BEST WAYS TO INCLUDE 7348 04:26:49,720 --> 04:26:51,440 TRANSPEOPLE IN RESEARCH AND 7349 04:26:51,440 --> 04:26:54,640 SOPHISTICATED HIRE TRANSPEOPLE 7350 04:26:54,640 --> 04:26:56,280 AT ALL LEVELS ENCLOUDING PRIMARY 7351 04:26:56,280 --> 04:26:57,800 INVESTIGATORS AND STAFF AND AS 7352 04:26:57,800 --> 04:26:59,200 MEANTORS TO 1 ANOTHER IN 7353 04:26:59,200 --> 04:27:00,320 RESEARCH EFFORTS. 7354 04:27:00,320 --> 04:27:01,800 WE NEED RESEARCH THAT INTEGRATES 7355 04:27:01,800 --> 04:27:03,160 AND LOOKSA THE REALITIES OF 7356 04:27:03,160 --> 04:27:04,360 TRANSLIVES AND HOW IT AFFECTS 7357 04:27:04,360 --> 04:27:06,120 OUR ABILITY TO ACCESS OR BENEFIT 7358 04:27:06,120 --> 04:27:07,880 FROM INTERVENTIONS AND TO DID 7359 04:27:07,880 --> 04:27:10,080 DEVOTE RESOURCES TO THE 7360 04:27:10,080 --> 04:27:11,360 RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF 7361 04:27:11,360 --> 04:27:12,640 RESEARCH, REMEMBERING THAT LIVES 7362 04:27:12,640 --> 04:27:15,440 ARE CRIMINALIZED AND SUBJECT TO 7363 04:27:15,440 --> 04:27:17,280 MUCH BUREAUCRATIC VIOLENCE OR 7364 04:27:17,280 --> 04:27:18,320 EVEN PUBLIC VIOLENCE ON 7365 04:27:18,320 --> 04:27:20,200 TRANSEDITOR TO A STUDY SITE AND 7366 04:27:20,200 --> 04:27:22,520 JUST AS WE DON'T CONSIDER BINARY 7367 04:27:22,520 --> 04:27:26,280 GENDER AS A MONOLILGT, 7368 04:27:26,280 --> 04:27:29,720 DISTINGUISH RCH AND CARE FOR 7369 04:27:29,720 --> 04:27:32,680 PREBIEW BESSENT WOMEN AND GIRLS 7370 04:27:32,680 --> 04:27:35,440 WHO ARE GENDER, MUST RECOGNIZE 7371 04:27:35,440 --> 04:27:37,080 THESE BODIES, FOR EXAMPLE YOUNG 7372 04:27:37,080 --> 04:27:38,440 TRANSPEOPLE IN MY FAMILY MODEL 7373 04:27:38,440 --> 04:27:39,840 CITIZEN TRANSITION BUYER 7374 04:27:39,840 --> 04:27:40,800 BIEWBERTY AND USING PUBERTY 7375 04:27:40,800 --> 04:27:42,400 BLOCKER WHO IS WILL NEVER 7376 04:27:42,400 --> 04:27:43,400 EXPERIENCE ADOLESCENCE IN WHAT'S 7377 04:27:43,400 --> 04:27:47,600 CONSIDERED THE SEX THEY WERE. 7378 04:27:47,600 --> 04:27:50,600 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH MR. DAVIDS. 7379 04:27:50,600 --> 04:27:52,720 THOSE ARE ALL FANTASTIC 7380 04:27:52,720 --> 04:27:53,680 SUGGESTIONS WE ARE WRITING THEM 7381 04:27:53,680 --> 04:27:55,240 DOWN, WE ARE WRITING ALL THOSE 7382 04:27:55,240 --> 04:27:55,440 DOWN. 7383 04:27:55,440 --> 04:27:58,280 THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SHARING 7384 04:27:58,280 --> 04:27:58,880 YOUR STORY. 7385 04:27:58,880 --> 04:28:00,640 YOU MADE VERY, VERY IMPORTANT 7386 04:28:00,640 --> 04:28:01,680 POINTS AND WE REALLY APPRECIATE 7387 04:28:01,680 --> 04:28:01,880 IT. 7388 04:28:01,880 --> 04:28:03,920 SO NEXT WE ARE MOVING TO TO 7389 04:28:03,920 --> 04:28:04,200 SESSION 3. 7390 04:28:04,200 --> 04:28:09,320 AND THIS IS GOING TO BE 7391 04:28:09,320 --> 04:28:11,760 MODERATED BY VESNA, GAROVIC, IT 7392 04:28:11,760 --> 04:28:14,360 WILL BE ON PREGNANCY AND OTHER 7393 04:28:14,360 --> 04:28:14,800 CONDITIONS AFFECTING 7394 04:28:14,800 --> 04:28:16,320 SUSCEPTIBILITY. 7395 04:28:16,320 --> 04:28:19,640 SO DR. GA ROVICH CHIEF 7396 04:28:19,640 --> 04:28:20,360 NEPHROLOGY HYPERTENSION IN THE 7397 04:28:20,360 --> 04:28:21,880 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AT THE 7398 04:28:21,880 --> 04:28:24,040 MAYO CLINIC IN ROUGH ATOM 7399 04:28:24,040 --> 04:28:24,840 CHESTER, MINNESOTA. 7400 04:28:24,840 --> 04:28:27,080 SHE ALSO HOLDS A JOINT 7401 04:28:27,080 --> 04:28:28,680 APPOINTMENT IN OBSTETRICS AND 7402 04:28:28,680 --> 04:28:29,880 GUIN COALING. 7403 04:28:29,880 --> 04:28:31,080 SHE'S VICE CHAIR FOR RESEARCH IN 7404 04:28:31,080 --> 04:28:32,560 THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND 7405 04:28:32,560 --> 04:28:36,040 DIRECTOR OF THE CLINICAL 7406 04:28:36,040 --> 04:28:37,840 RESEARCH CAN TRIALS UNIT AT THE 7407 04:28:37,840 --> 04:28:38,680 MAYO CLINIC WHICH IS PART OF 7408 04:28:38,680 --> 04:28:42,920 WHAT I IMAGINE THE NCATS CENTER 7409 04:28:42,920 --> 04:28:44,160 FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL 7410 04:28:44,160 --> 04:28:49,400 SCIENCE CENTER, THAT'S A CUTE 7411 04:28:49,400 --> 04:28:52,520 CAT, I LOVE CATS THAT'S GREAT. 7412 04:28:52,520 --> 04:28:56,280 AT THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR 7413 04:28:56,280 --> 04:28:56,800 ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL 7414 04:28:56,800 --> 04:28:57,040 SCIENCES. 7415 04:28:57,040 --> 04:29:01,120 I IMAGINE IT'S THE CTSI, THE 7416 04:29:01,120 --> 04:29:03,120 CENTER FOR TRANSLATIONAL AND 7417 04:29:03,120 --> 04:29:03,800 CLINICAL SCIENCE. 7418 04:29:03,800 --> 04:29:05,320 SHE'S BEEN NIH FUNDED FOR OVER 7419 04:29:05,320 --> 04:29:07,120 15 YEARS AND THAT'S IMPRESSIVE 7420 04:29:07,120 --> 04:29:08,760 IN TODAY'S VERY HIGHLY 7421 04:29:08,760 --> 04:29:09,840 COMPETITIVE WORLD, SERVES AS A 7422 04:29:09,840 --> 04:29:13,560 CHARTERED MEMBER OF THE NIH 7423 04:29:13,560 --> 04:29:14,600 PREGNANCYNYONATOLOGY STUDY 7424 04:29:14,600 --> 04:29:17,360 SECTION AND SHE'S PUBLISHED OVER 7425 04:29:17,360 --> 04:29:21,360 190 PAPERS AND HER CLINICAL 7426 04:29:21,360 --> 04:29:23,200 RESEARCH INTERESTS LIE WITHIN 7427 04:29:23,200 --> 04:29:25,760 HYPER TENSIVE PREGNANCY 7428 04:29:25,760 --> 04:29:26,680 DISORDERS AND PREECLAMPSIA AND 7429 04:29:26,680 --> 04:29:28,280 SHE'S INTERESTED IN THE 7430 04:29:28,280 --> 04:29:31,800 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AND 7431 04:29:31,800 --> 04:29:32,680 SHE'S--THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS 7432 04:29:32,680 --> 04:29:36,880 AND THEN HER MOST RECENT FOCUS 7433 04:29:36,880 --> 04:29:39,480 IS ON SENESCENSEL, ENDEMIOLOGY 7434 04:29:39,480 --> 04:29:41,520 OF THE LONG-TERM CARDIOVASCULAR 7435 04:29:41,520 --> 04:29:44,600 AND RENAL EFFECTS AND 7436 04:29:44,600 --> 04:29:45,560 SHE'S--WE'LL LET HER TALK MORE 7437 04:29:45,560 --> 04:29:47,240 ABOUT HER WORK BUT SHE'S VERY 7438 04:29:47,240 --> 04:29:49,720 INTERESTED IN POTENTIAL NEW 7439 04:29:49,720 --> 04:29:55,720 THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, ALWAYS A 7440 04:29:55,720 --> 04:29:57,000 VALUABLE DIRECTION FOR MOVING 7441 04:29:57,000 --> 04:29:58,920 HEALTHCARE FORWARD TO IMPROVE 7442 04:29:58,920 --> 04:30:00,240 MAIDIA AND LONG-TERM 7443 04:30:00,240 --> 04:30:02,600 CONSEQUENCES OF THIS VERY 7444 04:30:02,600 --> 04:30:03,000 ENIGMATIC DISEASE. 7445 04:30:03,000 --> 04:30:07,760 SO PLEASE TAKE IT,A WAY. 7446 04:30:07,760 --> 04:30:09,200 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR TD 7447 04:30:09,200 --> 04:30:09,920 KIND INTRODUCTION. 7448 04:30:09,920 --> 04:30:11,160 I TRULY ENJOY THE MEETING SO 7449 04:30:11,160 --> 04:30:11,560 FAR. 7450 04:30:11,560 --> 04:30:15,520 IT WAS VERY INSPIRING AND 7451 04:30:15,520 --> 04:30:20,960 INFORMATIVE AND FURTHER 7452 04:30:20,960 --> 04:30:22,040 ENFORCING OUR CONFLICTS IN 7453 04:30:22,040 --> 04:30:29,200 INVOLVING THE THEMES OF MEN 7454 04:30:29,200 --> 04:30:29,760 BEING DISPROPORTIONATELY 7455 04:30:29,760 --> 04:30:31,840 DISPOSED TO THE RISK OF 7456 04:30:31,840 --> 04:30:33,560 INFECTION AND THE SEVERITY OF 7457 04:30:33,560 --> 04:30:36,440 OUTCOMES AND HIGHLIGHT THIS IS 7458 04:30:36,440 --> 04:30:39,080 IS LIKELY DUE TO GENDER SPECIFIC 7459 04:30:39,080 --> 04:30:40,680 BEHAVIORS, GENETIC AND HORMONAL 7460 04:30:40,680 --> 04:30:45,600 FACTORS AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN 7461 04:30:45,600 --> 04:30:46,880 BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. 7462 04:30:46,880 --> 04:30:48,360 IN ADDITION TO THESE DIFFERENCES 7463 04:30:48,360 --> 04:30:50,760 I THINK VERY EARLY IN THE 7464 04:30:50,760 --> 04:30:55,000 PANDEMIC IT BECAME APPARENT THAT 7465 04:30:55,000 --> 04:30:57,840 SOME SEX-SPECIFIC PHYSIOLOGICAL 7466 04:30:57,840 --> 04:31:00,400 CONDITIONS, AS WELL AS DISEASE 7467 04:31:00,400 --> 04:31:05,400 ENTITIES IN HUMAN MAY MODIFY 7468 04:31:05,400 --> 04:31:06,840 RECENT DIAGNOSIS, CLINICAL 7469 04:31:06,840 --> 04:31:09,440 PRESENTATION, PROGNOSIS AND RISK 7470 04:31:09,440 --> 04:31:16,240 FOR A LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS. 7471 04:31:16,240 --> 04:31:21,000 SO IN THAT CONCEPTUAL FRAME, WE 7472 04:31:21,000 --> 04:31:23,160 DEVELOP THIS SHORT SYMPOSIUM OR 7473 04:31:23,160 --> 04:31:29,160 SECTION OR WHATEVER YOU CALL IT, 7474 04:31:29,160 --> 04:31:29,880 WITH GREAT ASSISTERRANCE FROM 7475 04:31:29,880 --> 04:31:32,240 AND THE ONLY PERSON WHO CAN 7476 04:31:32,240 --> 04:31:35,200 ACTUALLY PRONOUNCE HER NAME 7477 04:31:35,200 --> 04:31:35,720 CORRECTLY. 7478 04:31:35,720 --> 04:31:39,520 AND IN THOO CONTEXT WE HAVE 7479 04:31:39,520 --> 04:31:41,680 DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING 7480 04:31:41,680 --> 04:31:42,160 LECTURES. 7481 04:31:42,160 --> 04:31:50,000 WE WILL START WITH DR. SHAH, 7482 04:31:50,000 --> 04:31:51,720 FROM DIVISION OF NEPHROLOGY AND 7483 04:31:51,720 --> 04:31:52,920 HYPERTENSION AT THE UNIVERSITY 7484 04:31:52,920 --> 04:31:53,480 OF CINCINNATI. 7485 04:31:53,480 --> 04:31:56,400 SHE IS A PHYSICIAN-SCIENTIST WHO 7486 04:31:56,400 --> 04:31:58,360 FOCUSES ON WOMEN'S HEALTH, 7487 04:31:58,360 --> 04:32:03,000 KIDNEY DISEASE, SEX DISPARITIES, 7488 04:32:03,000 --> 04:32:10,600 KIDNEY DISEASE, SHE'S HAD MANY 7489 04:32:10,600 --> 04:32:10,920 REPORTS. 7490 04:32:10,920 --> 04:32:21,360 THANK YOU FOR THE ORDER OF 7491 04:32:28,400 --> 04:32:29,680 PRESENTERS, 7492 04:32:29,680 --> 04:32:30,280 FRANCK MAUVAIS-JARVIS, FROM 7493 04:32:30,280 --> 04:32:31,760 TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF 7494 04:32:31,760 --> 04:32:34,040 MEDICINE, HE'S WITH THE TULANE 7495 04:32:34,040 --> 04:32:35,720 EVIDENCE OF SEX BIOLOGY AND 7496 04:32:35,720 --> 04:32:38,560 MEDICINE, NIH FUNDED AND 7497 04:32:38,560 --> 04:32:41,160 RESEARCH OCOMPLISHS BASIC 7498 04:32:41,160 --> 04:32:42,440 TRANSLATION AND CLINICAL 7499 04:32:42,440 --> 04:32:45,040 RESEARCH ABOUT THE BIOLOGY OF 7500 04:32:45,040 --> 04:32:47,280 SEX DIFFERENCES IN DIABETES AND 7501 04:32:47,280 --> 04:32:47,520 OBESITY. 7502 04:32:47,520 --> 04:32:50,320 SO HE WILL BE OUR FIRST 7503 04:32:50,320 --> 04:32:52,440 PRESENTER THEN DR. SHAH, 7504 04:32:52,440 --> 04:32:55,920 SUBSEQUENT TO THAT IT WILL HEAR 7505 04:32:55,920 --> 04:32:58,160 FROM DR. BABBETTE, LAMARCA, FROM 7506 04:32:58,160 --> 04:33:01,120 THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY 7507 04:33:01,120 --> 04:33:02,600 AND TOXICOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF 7508 04:33:02,600 --> 04:33:03,520 MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER. 7509 04:33:03,520 --> 04:33:07,640 SHE'S ACTUALLY CHAIR OF THAT 7510 04:33:07,640 --> 04:33:08,560 DEPARTMENT. 7511 04:33:08,560 --> 04:33:09,480 SHE'S ALSO CHAIRING SEVERAL 7512 04:33:09,480 --> 04:33:12,320 IMPORTANT ROLES IN HER 7513 04:33:12,320 --> 04:33:14,760 INTERACTIONS WITH OB/GYN 7514 04:33:14,760 --> 04:33:16,800 DEPARTMENT AND MATERNAL FETAL 7515 04:33:16,800 --> 04:33:19,400 MEDICINE AMONG OTHER POSITIONS 7516 04:33:19,400 --> 04:33:21,960 SHE IS IN THE STUDY OF 7517 04:33:21,960 --> 04:33:23,120 EXCELLENCE IN PERINATAL 7518 04:33:23,120 --> 04:33:23,520 RESEARCH. 7519 04:33:23,520 --> 04:33:25,600 HER PRIMARY INTEREST IS 7520 04:33:25,600 --> 04:33:28,360 INTERACTION BETWEEN LYMPHOCYTES 7521 04:33:28,360 --> 04:33:30,960 AND ALLEGORISTIC ANTIBODIES TO 7522 04:33:30,960 --> 04:33:32,800 THE ANCHLIO TENSEIN 2 TYPE 1 7523 04:33:32,800 --> 04:33:36,640 RECEPTOR AND AS CAN YOU IMAGINE 7524 04:33:36,640 --> 04:33:39,760 THIS IS VERY INTERESTING, COMES 7525 04:33:39,760 --> 04:33:44,040 IN WITH THAT INTERACTION BETWEEN 7526 04:33:44,040 --> 04:33:46,000 AND NORMAL TENSIVE PREGNANCY. 7527 04:33:46,000 --> 04:33:48,720 AND COVID WITH RESPECT TO ACE 2 7528 04:33:48,720 --> 04:33:49,760 RECEPTORS, SUBSIDIARY QUEBT TO 7529 04:33:49,760 --> 04:33:54,840 THAT, DO WOE HAVE ANOTHER PERSON 7530 04:33:54,840 --> 04:33:58,720 FROM UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI 7531 04:33:58,720 --> 04:34:02,680 MEDICAL CENTER, GOOD FRIEND AND 7532 04:34:02,680 --> 04:34:08,720 COLLEAGUE AND COLLABORATOR, 7533 04:34:08,720 --> 04:34:11,320 DR. LICY YANES CARDOZO, 7534 04:34:11,320 --> 04:34:12,160 PHYSICIAN SCIENTISTACKISTLY 7535 04:34:12,160 --> 04:34:15,200 ENGAGED IN BOTH BASIC AND 7536 04:34:15,200 --> 04:34:17,760 CLINICAL RESEARCH FOCUSING ON 7537 04:34:17,760 --> 04:34:20,960 WOMEN METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS 7538 04:34:20,960 --> 04:34:22,240 AND CARDIO METABOLIC 7539 04:34:22,240 --> 04:34:23,440 COMPUTATIONS AND ANDROGEN WITH 7540 04:34:23,440 --> 04:34:29,080 RESPECT TO PC OS, I ALREADY 7541 04:34:29,080 --> 04:34:32,520 PRESENTED DR. FRANK 7542 04:34:32,520 --> 04:34:39,120 MAUVAIS,-JARVIS, AND WE WILL 7543 04:34:39,120 --> 04:34:40,760 HEAR FROM DR. JOHN RANDOLPH, HE 7544 04:34:40,760 --> 04:34:45,880 WILL TALK TO US ABOUT GENDER 7545 04:34:45,880 --> 04:34:48,600 AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY AND 7546 04:34:48,600 --> 04:34:50,200 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COVID, HE DID 7547 04:34:50,200 --> 04:34:52,040 A VERY INTERESTING CAREER, EVEN 7548 04:34:52,040 --> 04:34:56,040 MORE INTERESTING THAN MINE. 7549 04:34:56,040 --> 04:34:58,320 INTERNIST SECOND, HE STARTED 7550 04:34:58,320 --> 04:34:59,960 THIS--THIS SURGEON BECAME 7551 04:34:59,960 --> 04:35:03,800 ENDOCRINOLOGY IV THERAPY AND HIS 7552 04:35:03,800 --> 04:35:05,640 RESEARCH INTERESTS IN CLOSE 7553 04:35:05,640 --> 04:35:07,080 GENDER HORMONES AND REPRODUCTIVE 7554 04:35:07,080 --> 04:35:07,360 FUNCTION. 7555 04:35:07,360 --> 04:35:09,680 SO I WANT TO THANK ALL THE 7556 04:35:09,680 --> 04:35:17,040 PRESENTERS AND I WOULD LIKE TO 7557 04:35:17,040 --> 04:35:18,280 START WITH DR. FRANK. 7558 04:35:18,280 --> 04:35:28,600 THE STAINL IS YOURS. 7559 04:35:29,000 --> 04:35:30,280 >> CAN YOU SEE MY SCREEN. 7560 04:35:30,280 --> 04:35:33,720 >> YES NMANY THANK FIST ARE THIS 7561 04:35:33,720 --> 04:35:35,120 INTRODUCTION, THANK YOU ALL FOR 7562 04:35:35,120 --> 04:35:38,640 INVITING ME AND I APOLOGIZE FOR 7563 04:35:38,640 --> 04:35:41,200 TAKING THE FIRST PLACE BUT I 7564 04:35:41,200 --> 04:35:43,000 REALLY GOTTA GO AND WE RUN A 7565 04:35:43,000 --> 04:35:44,240 LITTLE BIT LATE. 7566 04:35:44,240 --> 04:35:47,000 SO I THANKED THE TITLE A LITTLE 7567 04:35:47,000 --> 04:35:49,200 BIT BECAUSE HORMONE REPLACEMENT 7568 04:35:49,200 --> 04:35:50,920 THERAPY IS NOT AN APPROPRIATE 7569 04:35:50,920 --> 04:35:55,080 TERM BECAUSE THERE'S NO 7570 04:35:55,080 --> 04:35:55,440 RELACEMENT. 7571 04:35:55,440 --> 04:35:58,560 MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY OR 7572 04:35:58,560 --> 04:35:59,520 ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE THERAPY OR 7573 04:35:59,520 --> 04:36:09,960 ESTROW ZYGOUS GEN BUT NOW 7574 04:36:12,000 --> 04:36:12,560 REPLACEMENT. 7575 04:36:12,560 --> 04:36:14,920 >> SO HERE'S MY DISCLOSURES, 7576 04:36:14,920 --> 04:36:17,320 WE'VE ALREADY SEEN DIFFERENT 7577 04:36:17,320 --> 04:36:17,960 CONFRUCTS FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7578 04:36:17,960 --> 04:36:21,360 RESPONSE TO TREATMENT OF A LOT 7579 04:36:21,360 --> 04:36:23,480 OF DISEASE AND SINCE THE 7580 04:36:23,480 --> 04:36:29,440 BEGINNING OF THE OUTBREAK WE 7581 04:36:29,440 --> 04:36:31,200 HAVE OBSERVED THAT MEN, MALES 7582 04:36:31,200 --> 04:36:35,400 HAD MERESOEVER EF EVOLUTION IN 7583 04:36:35,400 --> 04:36:37,200 TERMS OF ADMISSION TO ICU AND 7584 04:36:37,200 --> 04:36:37,400 DEATH. 7585 04:36:37,400 --> 04:36:39,640 SO OF COURSE THERE ARE MANY 7586 04:36:39,640 --> 04:36:42,240 CAUSES THAT HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED 7587 04:36:42,240 --> 04:36:47,400 THROUGHOUT THE SESSION THIS 7588 04:36:47,400 --> 04:36:48,680 MORNING, SOME ARE INTERESTING, 7589 04:36:48,680 --> 04:36:49,040 SOME ARE LESS. 7590 04:36:49,040 --> 04:36:51,760 I WOULD SAY THE MOST INTERESTING 7591 04:36:51,760 --> 04:36:52,920 HYPOTHESIS IS, 1 OF THE MOST IS 7592 04:36:52,920 --> 04:36:57,160 THE 1, THE FACT THAT TLR 7 7593 04:36:57,160 --> 04:37:01,160 ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE GENE IS IN 7594 04:37:01,160 --> 04:37:02,600 THE X-CHROMOSOMES IN WOMEN, AND 7595 04:37:02,600 --> 04:37:06,400 ALSO IT'S 1 OF THOSE GENES THAT 7596 04:37:06,400 --> 04:37:07,040 ESCAPES IN ACTIVATION. 7597 04:37:07,040 --> 04:37:10,800 AND OF COURSE, WE HAVE THE SEX 7598 04:37:10,800 --> 04:37:12,760 DIFFERENCE IN THE INNATE IMMUNE 7599 04:37:12,760 --> 04:37:14,480 RESPONSE AND THE ADAPTIVITY 7600 04:37:14,480 --> 04:37:16,040 IMMUNE RESPONSE AND WE WILL 7601 04:37:16,040 --> 04:37:17,440 SPEAK ABOUT THAT TODAY. 7602 04:37:17,440 --> 04:37:20,680 PROBABLY 1 OF THE--1 OF THE 7603 04:37:20,680 --> 04:37:26,400 CONSEQUENCE OF WOMEN HAVING A 7604 04:37:26,400 --> 04:37:26,960 MORE PRONOUNCED ANTIBODY 7605 04:37:26,960 --> 04:37:30,600 RESPONSE TO A LOT OF SIMALIZED 7606 04:37:30,600 --> 04:37:33,200 THAT MOST AUTOIMMUNE DECEASES 7607 04:37:33,200 --> 04:37:35,320 HERE, ARE VERY, VERY STRONGER 7608 04:37:35,320 --> 04:37:36,600 FEMALE PREDOMINANCE BUT IF WE 7609 04:37:36,600 --> 04:37:37,880 CAN HARNESS THESE FORCES AND 7610 04:37:37,880 --> 04:37:41,640 TRANSFORM THEM INTO A THERAPY, 7611 04:37:41,640 --> 04:37:46,640 THAT WOULD BE VERY INTERESTING. 7612 04:37:46,640 --> 04:37:51,080 SOA A LOT OF CLINICAL STUDIES 7613 04:37:51,080 --> 04:37:52,840 HAVE SHOWN THAT BECAUSE WE WANT 7614 04:37:52,840 --> 04:37:54,880 TO SPEAK ABOUT HORMONE THERAPY 7615 04:37:54,880 --> 04:37:58,080 TODAY THAT ESTROGEN AND 7616 04:37:58,080 --> 04:38:04,040 ESPECIALLY THE NATURAL EST 7617 04:38:04,040 --> 04:38:05,160 RADIOL DISP BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON 7618 04:38:05,160 --> 04:38:07,480 THE I IMMUNE SYSTEM, MOSTLY 7619 04:38:07,480 --> 04:38:11,040 ESTROGEN AND TO A LESSER EXTENT 7620 04:38:11,040 --> 04:38:15,600 PROGESTERONE HAVE FIRST OF ALL 7621 04:38:15,600 --> 04:38:17,480 ESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND 7622 04:38:17,480 --> 04:38:18,200 PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS 7623 04:38:18,200 --> 04:38:22,040 PRESENTING ALL IMMUNE CELLS AND 7624 04:38:22,040 --> 04:38:31,680 THEY HAVE ANTIINFLAMMATORY 7625 04:38:31,680 --> 04:38:34,080 MACROPAGES, PROINFLAMMATORY 7626 04:38:34,080 --> 04:38:36,720 MIGRATION AND CYTOKINE TISSUES, 7627 04:38:36,720 --> 04:38:41,200 THEY STIMULATE CD4 HELPER 7628 04:38:41,200 --> 04:38:41,960 PRODUCING ANTIINFLAMMATORY 7629 04:38:41,960 --> 04:38:43,680 CYTOKINE THAT INHIBITS THE 7630 04:38:43,680 --> 04:38:46,680 PATHWAY BUT ALSO THEY SIMULATED 7631 04:38:46,680 --> 04:38:50,680 THE VERSION OF REGULAR T-CELLS 7632 04:38:50,680 --> 04:38:54,240 PROMOTING IMMUNE TOLERANCE. 7633 04:38:54,240 --> 04:38:57,240 IN ADDITION, IT ALONE HAS NICE 7634 04:38:57,240 --> 04:38:59,920 EFFECTS ON B-CELLS, TO INCREASE 7635 04:38:59,920 --> 04:39:00,360 ANTIBODY PRODUCTION. 7636 04:39:00,360 --> 04:39:06,040 SO YOU SEE IN THEORY ALL THESE 7637 04:39:06,040 --> 04:39:07,760 ACTIONS WOULD SUGGEST THAT 7638 04:39:07,760 --> 04:39:09,920 FEMALE HORMONE WOULD BE 7639 04:39:09,920 --> 04:39:12,800 BENEFICIAL AGAINST THE INITIAL 7640 04:39:12,800 --> 04:39:14,360 CYTOKINE STORM TAKEN--THEY WE 7641 04:39:14,360 --> 04:39:16,240 SPOKE ABOUT AT THE BEGINNING OF 7642 04:39:16,240 --> 04:39:19,080 THE OUTBREAK. 7643 04:39:19,080 --> 04:39:19,920 SO SEVERAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL 7644 04:39:19,920 --> 04:39:22,640 STUDIES HAVE LOOKEDDA THE 7645 04:39:22,640 --> 04:39:24,240 INTERACTION, AT THE RELATIONSHIP 7646 04:39:24,240 --> 04:39:28,120 BETWEEN THE USE OF HORMONE 7647 04:39:28,120 --> 04:39:30,080 THERAPY IN WOMEN AND COVID-19 7648 04:39:30,080 --> 04:39:30,360 OUTCOMES. 7649 04:39:30,360 --> 04:39:32,640 THERE ARE SEVERAL OF THEM, I 7650 04:39:32,640 --> 04:39:34,280 WILL SPEAK ONLY ON 3 THE BIGGEST 7651 04:39:34,280 --> 04:39:37,080 1, THIS 1 IN GERMANY LOOKING AT 7652 04:39:37,080 --> 04:39:42,880 A TRI NEXT DATABASE OF BOTH 7653 04:39:42,880 --> 04:39:49,720 SPANNING 17 COUNTRIES AND 37,000 7654 04:39:49,720 --> 04:39:51,000 COVID-19 INFECTED WOMEN. 7655 04:39:51,000 --> 04:39:52,800 THEY SPLIT THEM IN 2 AGE GROUP. 7656 04:39:52,800 --> 04:39:55,000 YOUNG BEFORE THE AGE OF MOAN O 7657 04:39:55,000 --> 04:39:57,360 PAUSE, OLDER AFTER THE AGE OF 7658 04:39:57,360 --> 04:39:58,760 MENOPAUSE AND YOU SEE THAT THERE 7659 04:39:58,760 --> 04:40:01,280 WAS A DECREASE AND OF COURSE THE 7660 04:40:01,280 --> 04:40:04,720 PRIMARY END POINT WAS MORTALITY. 7661 04:40:04,720 --> 04:40:10,280 AND THEY FOUND THE DECREASE IN 7662 04:40:10,280 --> 04:40:14,040 WOMEN TAKING ESTROGENS AND IN 7663 04:40:14,040 --> 04:40:17,680 HORMONE THERAPY, THE USERS IN 7664 04:40:17,680 --> 04:40:28,160 THE STUDIES IT'S NOT JUSTED 7665 04:40:29,720 --> 04:40:31,960 ESTRO DIOL SO THOSE BETWEEN 7666 04:40:31,960 --> 04:40:38,200 15-49, THERE IS A DECREASE RADIO 7667 04:40:38,200 --> 04:40:40,680 IN ESTROGEN USERS BUT IT WAS NOT 7668 04:40:40,680 --> 04:40:41,000 SIGNIFICANT. 7669 04:40:41,000 --> 04:40:45,480 IT WAS NOT INCREASED IN THE 7670 04:40:45,480 --> 04:40:51,920 NONUSERS, SORRY IN THE USERS 7671 04:40:51,920 --> 04:40:54,240 WHERE YOUNGER THAN 49 YEARS OF 7672 04:40:54,240 --> 04:40:55,920 RAGE WHICH THEY--YOU KNOW WE 7673 04:40:55,920 --> 04:40:57,560 JUST SPECULATE IN THE STUDY THAT 7674 04:40:57,560 --> 04:41:01,440 IT WAS BECAUSE THESE WOMEN ARE 7675 04:41:01,440 --> 04:41:02,960 STILL HIGHER ESTROW ZYGOUS GEN 7676 04:41:02,960 --> 04:41:03,520 LEVEL. 7677 04:41:03,520 --> 04:41:05,880 ANOTHER INTERESTING STUDY IN 7678 04:41:05,880 --> 04:41:10,920 SWEDEN, OUT OF OVER 16,000 WOMEN 7679 04:41:10,920 --> 04:41:14,080 ALSO LOOKED AT WOMEN TAKING 7680 04:41:14,080 --> 04:41:18,880 ESTROGENS, WHICH THEY CALL THE 7681 04:41:18,880 --> 04:41:19,480 AUGMENTED ESTROGEN GROUP 7682 04:41:19,480 --> 04:41:21,360 COMPARED TO WOMEN THAT THEY 7683 04:41:21,360 --> 04:41:22,400 CALLED THE DECREASED ESTROGEN 7684 04:41:22,400 --> 04:41:25,160 GROUP BECAUSE THEY WERE TAKING 7685 04:41:25,160 --> 04:41:26,760 ANTIESTROGEN FOR BREAST CANCER 7686 04:41:26,760 --> 04:41:27,960 AND YOU SEE MY MOUSE IS NOT 7687 04:41:27,960 --> 04:41:29,000 WORKING SO YOU WILL HAVE TO 7688 04:41:29,000 --> 04:41:33,200 LISTEN TO WHAT I SAY. 7689 04:41:33,200 --> 04:41:35,560 UNDERLINED IN RED, YOU CAN SEE 7690 04:41:35,560 --> 04:41:37,200 THAT IN THE AUGMENTED GROUP, 7691 04:41:37,200 --> 04:41:42,320 WHILE THE OTHER RATIO AGAIN OF 7692 04:41:42,320 --> 04:41:44,840 DEATH, THE PRIMARY END END POINT 7693 04:41:44,840 --> 04:41:50,200 WAS DEATH AND EVEN THE ADJUSTED 7694 04:41:50,200 --> 04:41:50,560 1.47. 7695 04:41:50,560 --> 04:41:51,960 I HAVE NO IDEA WHERE THE MOUSE 7696 04:41:51,960 --> 04:41:53,760 IS BUT GAY, WE DON'T NEED IT. 7697 04:41:53,760 --> 04:41:58,960 FINALLY, THIS STUDY THAT IS 7698 04:41:58,960 --> 04:42:02,280 STILL NOT PUBLISHED, SOME 7699 04:42:02,280 --> 04:42:03,680 [INDISCERNIBLE], OUT OF 400 7700 04:42:03,680 --> 04:42:07,920 GENERAL PRACTICES IN ENGLAND, 7701 04:42:07,920 --> 04:42:12,800 THEY LOOKED AT 1.8 MILLION WOMEN 7702 04:42:12,800 --> 04:42:14,360 AND THEY FOUND 5500 WITH COVID 7703 04:42:14,360 --> 04:42:17,920 CASES AND HERE AGAIN, WHEN THEY 7704 04:42:17,920 --> 04:42:20,600 LOOK AT HORMONE THERAPY USE, 7705 04:42:20,600 --> 04:42:22,560 WELL, AGAIN, AND THE PRIMARY 7706 04:42:22,560 --> 04:42:27,680 EPPED POINT AGAIN WAS DEATH, THE 7707 04:42:27,680 --> 04:42:30,320 OTHER RATIO WAS .22, SO, 7708 04:42:30,320 --> 04:42:31,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] YOU SEE IN ALL 7709 04:42:31,160 --> 04:42:33,120 THE STUDIES IT SEEMS LIKE THERE 7710 04:42:33,120 --> 04:42:34,760 ANN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HORMONE 7711 04:42:34,760 --> 04:42:39,320 THERAPY USE IN WOMEN OVER THE 7712 04:42:39,320 --> 04:42:41,240 AGE OF 50 AND DECREASE IN DEATH 7713 04:42:41,240 --> 04:42:45,240 WHICH SUGGESTS THAT HORMONES, 7714 04:42:45,240 --> 04:42:46,840 PROTECT. 7715 04:42:46,840 --> 04:42:50,840 SO BASICALLY IT HAS BEEN A FEW 7716 04:42:50,840 --> 04:42:52,760 CLINICAL TRIAL THAT HAVE 7717 04:42:52,760 --> 04:42:57,240 ASSESSED THAT 1 OF THEM 7718 04:42:57,240 --> 04:43:00,000 USED--WAS A SMALL RANDOMIZED 7719 04:43:00,000 --> 04:43:01,520 CONTROL TRIAL AND ABOUT 50 7720 04:43:01,520 --> 04:43:08,280 PATIENTS AND THEY LOOKED AT THE 7721 04:43:08,280 --> 04:43:10,960 EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE 7722 04:43:10,960 --> 04:43:12,880 SUBCUTANEOUS PROGESTERONE, 7723 04:43:12,880 --> 04:43:19,600 NATURAL PROGESTERONE, 200 7724 04:43:19,600 --> 04:43:21,720 MILLIGRAM PER DAY AND 7725 04:43:21,720 --> 04:43:22,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] HOSPITALIZED 7726 04:43:22,280 --> 04:43:23,600 PATIENT. 7727 04:43:23,600 --> 04:43:26,960 AND YOU SEE THEY FOUND KIND OF 7728 04:43:26,960 --> 04:43:28,040 MODERATE IMPROVEMENT SIGNIFICANT 7729 04:43:28,040 --> 04:43:34,280 WITH 3 FEWER DAYS OF OXYGEN IN 7730 04:43:34,280 --> 04:43:36,520 THOSE PROGESTERONE AND .25 DAYS 7731 04:43:36,520 --> 04:43:37,680 OF HOSPITALIZATION, THESE ARE 7732 04:43:37,680 --> 04:43:40,560 MEN, I FORGOT TO SAY THEY LOOK 7733 04:43:40,560 --> 04:43:41,560 AT MEN. 7734 04:43:41,560 --> 04:43:42,320 >> TWO MINUTES LEFT. 7735 04:43:42,320 --> 04:43:45,160 >> THEY LOOK AT THE DETAIL OF 7736 04:43:45,160 --> 04:43:47,120 STUDY, THE POPULATION AT BASE 7737 04:43:47,120 --> 04:43:48,200 LINE WAS DIFFERENT. 7738 04:43:48,200 --> 04:43:50,400 THOSE ASSIGNED TO PLACEBO 7739 04:43:50,400 --> 04:43:52,040 ACTUALLY HAD LESS CO-MORBIDITIES 7740 04:43:52,040 --> 04:43:53,480 THAN THOSE ASSIGNED TO HORMONES 7741 04:43:53,480 --> 04:44:00,440 SO I DON'T KNOW IF THAT'S 7742 04:44:00,440 --> 04:44:01,760 RELEVANT. 7743 04:44:01,760 --> 04:44:04,800 FROM AN EARLY TO LATE 2020, TO 7744 04:44:04,800 --> 04:44:11,160 EARLY 2021, WE APPLIED FOR THE 7745 04:44:11,160 --> 04:44:13,280 FDA TO START PROGESTERONE IN 7746 04:44:13,280 --> 04:44:14,360 PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED, THE 7747 04:44:14,360 --> 04:44:15,880 PAPEROT PROTOCOL, NOT THE 7748 04:44:15,880 --> 04:44:19,640 PUBLISHED STUDY, WE WANTED TO DO 7749 04:44:19,640 --> 04:44:20,600 A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL OUT 7750 04:44:20,600 --> 04:44:27,400 OF A HUNDRED PATIENTS, ADDING 7751 04:44:27,400 --> 04:44:29,600 ESTRADIOL, INTRA MUSCULAR, LASTS 7752 04:44:29,600 --> 04:44:32,080 10 DAYS AND PROGESTERONE 7753 04:44:32,080 --> 04:44:34,880 200-MILLIGRAM ORALLY FOR 5 DAYS. 7754 04:44:34,880 --> 04:44:36,640 UNFORTUNATELY, WE'RE DELAYED BY 7755 04:44:36,640 --> 04:44:38,480 THE FDA FOR 10 MONTHS. 7756 04:44:38,480 --> 04:44:40,240 WHICH MADE THAT AT THE END WHEN 7757 04:44:40,240 --> 04:44:42,120 WE STARTED RECRUITING PATIENTS, 7758 04:44:42,120 --> 04:44:44,600 WE ASKED WHEN 50 PATIENT 7759 04:44:44,600 --> 04:44:47,240 RECRUITED ONLY 15 AND THEN COVID 7760 04:44:47,240 --> 04:44:48,360 BECAME OMICRON CHRKS IS A 7761 04:44:48,360 --> 04:44:50,360 DIFFERENT DISEASE SO I ASK ASKED 7762 04:44:50,360 --> 04:44:51,640 FOR THE STUDY TO BE CLOSED 7763 04:44:51,640 --> 04:44:55,400 BECAUSE IT WAS NOT SAME DISEASE, 7764 04:44:55,400 --> 04:44:57,280 OMICRON, ARE NOT HOSPITALIZED 7765 04:44:57,280 --> 04:44:58,800 FOR RESPIRATORY FAILURE BUT FOR 7766 04:44:58,800 --> 04:45:00,160 AG GRATES--GRATUEIGATION OF 7767 04:45:00,160 --> 04:45:01,560 ANOTHER DISEASE LIKE DIABETES, 7768 04:45:01,560 --> 04:45:02,840 ET CETERA. 7769 04:45:02,840 --> 04:45:07,040 BUT STILL, OUR PRIMARY OUTCOME 7770 04:45:07,040 --> 04:45:15,160 WAS A SHIFT FROM USING THE W. H. 7771 04:45:15,160 --> 04:45:18,680 O. SCALE, A SHIFT FROM MILD TO 7772 04:45:18,680 --> 04:45:22,920 SEVERE DISEASE SCALE 3-5, TO 7773 04:45:22,920 --> 04:45:24,440 WOJ-2, WE WANTED TO PREVENT THEM 7774 04:45:24,440 --> 04:45:26,800 FROM GOING TO 6, 7, 8. 7775 04:45:26,800 --> 04:45:29,200 I'M JUST SHOWING YOU THIS, WHICH 7776 04:45:29,200 --> 04:45:32,760 IS THE RESULT OF THIS VERY SMALL 7777 04:45:32,760 --> 04:45:35,800 NUMBER OF PATIENT, 12. 7778 04:45:35,800 --> 04:45:36,640 WE HAD 12. 7779 04:45:36,640 --> 04:45:42,400 THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT 7780 04:45:42,400 --> 04:45:46,560 IMPROVEMENT AT DAY 6 WHICH IS 7781 04:45:46,560 --> 04:45:49,320 DISCHARGE AND THE PATIENT 7782 04:45:49,320 --> 04:45:52,400 ASSIGNED TO KD--SALLY QUHA AND 7783 04:45:52,400 --> 04:45:53,520 ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT 7784 04:45:53,520 --> 04:45:57,960 AT DAY 60. 7785 04:45:57,960 --> 04:46:00,000 BUT, YOU KNOW IT IS SO SMALL, SO 7786 04:46:00,000 --> 04:46:02,200 I DON'T THINK WE CAN REALLY DRAW 7787 04:46:02,200 --> 04:46:05,120 A CONCLUSION BUT IT'S STILL 7788 04:46:05,120 --> 04:46:06,800 INTERESTING. 7789 04:46:06,800 --> 04:46:07,640 >> TIME IS UP. 7790 04:46:07,640 --> 04:46:10,040 >> SO TO CONCLUDE, YOU KNOW I 7791 04:46:10,040 --> 04:46:11,760 WOULD SAY GAP IN KNOWLEDGE FOR 7792 04:46:11,760 --> 04:46:17,160 ME, FIRST OF ALL, 7793 04:46:17,160 --> 04:46:18,080 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SUGGEST 7794 04:46:18,080 --> 04:46:19,680 A PROTECT EVALUATION PROCESS 7795 04:46:19,680 --> 04:46:22,360 EFFECTIVE HT IN WOMEN WITH 7796 04:46:22,360 --> 04:46:22,600 COVID. 7797 04:46:22,600 --> 04:46:25,200 BUT REGARDING THE EFFECT OF 7798 04:46:25,200 --> 04:46:26,760 HORMONE THERAPY AND RANDOMIZED 7799 04:46:26,760 --> 04:46:29,200 CONTROL TRIAL WOULD NEED A 7800 04:46:29,200 --> 04:46:31,680 PROPERLY POWERED RANDOMIZED 7801 04:46:31,680 --> 04:46:34,160 CONTROL TRIAL WITH E2 AND P4, 7802 04:46:34,160 --> 04:46:36,840 MAYBE WITH OTHER ESTROGEN AND 7803 04:46:36,840 --> 04:46:38,000 PROGESTERONE COMBINATION TO 7804 04:46:38,000 --> 04:46:40,240 REALLY DRAW A CONCLUSION. 7805 04:46:40,240 --> 04:46:42,440 IN ADDITION TO THE EFFECT OF 7806 04:46:42,440 --> 04:46:46,120 HORMONE THERAPY AND IMMUNE 7807 04:46:46,120 --> 04:46:50,440 FUNCTION WITH COVID, I THINK IS 7808 04:46:50,440 --> 04:46:52,400 AN IMPORTANT DATA WHICH WILL 7809 04:46:52,400 --> 04:47:02,960 ASSESS ACTUALLY IN OUR PATIENTS. 7810 04:47:06,360 --> 04:47:08,400 --SO I THANK YOU FOR YOUR 7811 04:47:08,400 --> 04:47:08,720 ATTENTION. 7812 04:47:08,720 --> 04:47:13,280 THAT'S ALL I HAVE TO SAY. 7813 04:47:13,280 --> 04:47:16,440 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FRANK. 7814 04:47:16,440 --> 04:47:19,200 OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS SILVI SHAH. 7815 04:47:19,200 --> 04:47:27,960 ARE YOU WITH US? 7816 04:47:27,960 --> 04:47:38,240 >> I AM HERE. 7817 04:47:49,640 --> 04:47:49,840 >> PLEASE. 7818 04:47:49,840 --> 04:47:52,600 >> I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE 7819 04:47:52,600 --> 04:47:53,640 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE 7820 04:47:53,640 --> 04:47:56,640 OPPORTUNITY AND THANK YOU 7821 04:47:56,640 --> 04:47:57,320 DR. GAROVIC FOR THE INTRODUCTION 7822 04:47:57,320 --> 04:47:59,840 I WILL TALK ABOUT HORMONES AND 7823 04:47:59,840 --> 04:48:05,720 PREGNANCY AND SPECIFIED COVID-19 7824 04:48:05,720 --> 04:48:06,520 OUTCOMES. 7825 04:48:06,520 --> 04:48:09,160 I NO RELEVANT DISCLOSURES THIS A 7826 04:48:09,160 --> 04:48:10,400 BRIEF OUTLINE, WE WOULD BE 7827 04:48:10,400 --> 04:48:13,720 BRIEFLY TALKING ABOUT FEMALE 7828 04:48:13,720 --> 04:48:16,320 HORMONES AND PREGNANCY AND 7829 04:48:16,320 --> 04:48:17,400 COVID-19, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE 7830 04:48:17,400 --> 04:48:20,560 IN COVID-19 AND PREGNANCY, 7831 04:48:20,560 --> 04:48:23,240 LESSENED RESPONSE AND MECHANISMS 7832 04:48:23,240 --> 04:48:26,400 OF WIDER TRANSMISSION, COVID-19 7833 04:48:26,400 --> 04:48:29,600 IMPACT ON PREGNANCY, LONG 7834 04:48:29,600 --> 04:48:35,320 COVID-19 AND PREGNANCY, FETAL 7835 04:48:35,320 --> 04:48:36,640 SAFETY AND FINALLY TALKING ABOUT 7836 04:48:36,640 --> 04:48:43,640 THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND 7837 04:48:43,640 --> 04:48:45,080 FUTURE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. 7838 04:48:45,080 --> 04:48:47,480 SO THIS IS A NICE INFO GRAPHIC 7839 04:48:47,480 --> 04:48:50,400 WHICH SHOWS FLUCTUATIONS OF 60 7840 04:48:50,400 --> 04:48:51,760 HORMONES, DURING PREGNANCY, AT 7841 04:48:51,760 --> 04:48:55,720 VARIOUS STAGES OF GUESTATION, 7842 04:48:55,720 --> 04:48:59,640 WHICH INCLUDES HUMAN 7843 04:48:59,640 --> 04:49:01,280 [INDISCERNIBLE],IOJESTERON, 7844 04:49:01,280 --> 04:49:03,160 ESTROGEN, PROLACTIC ACIDOSEISIN, 7845 04:49:03,160 --> 04:49:04,560 RELAXIN AND OXIS TOIN WHICH IS 7846 04:49:04,560 --> 04:49:06,920 NEED FOR GROWTH OF PLACENTA, 7847 04:49:06,920 --> 04:49:09,480 GROWTH OF BABY, CHILD BIRTH AND 7848 04:49:09,480 --> 04:49:09,720 LACTATION. 7849 04:49:09,720 --> 04:49:12,160 IS AND AS WE CAN SEE THE LEVELS 7850 04:49:12,160 --> 04:49:16,960 OF PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN 7851 04:49:16,960 --> 04:49:21,840 INCREASES WITH PREGNANCY. 7852 04:49:21,840 --> 04:49:23,680 INITIALLY IT IS PRODUCED BY THE 7853 04:49:23,680 --> 04:49:25,200 CORPUS LIEWT YEM AND THE CORPUS 7854 04:49:25,200 --> 04:49:27,440 TAKES OVER OF THE SO. SO WELL IS 7855 04:49:27,440 --> 04:49:30,560 INCREASED CIRCULATING LEVELS IN 7856 04:49:30,560 --> 04:49:32,000 PREGNANCY. 7857 04:49:32,000 --> 04:49:33,920 AND PROGESTERONE HAS 7858 04:49:33,920 --> 04:49:35,080 IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES AND 7859 04:49:35,080 --> 04:49:36,040 DR. XAVIER GAVE AN EXCELLENT 7860 04:49:36,040 --> 04:49:39,280 TALK ON THAT MAKING HIGH LEVELS 7861 04:49:39,280 --> 04:49:42,400 DURING PREGNANCY POTENTIALLY 7862 04:49:42,400 --> 04:49:44,400 BENEFIT FOR RECOVERY AFTER LONG 7863 04:49:44,400 --> 04:49:45,080 VIRAL INFECTIONS. 7864 04:49:45,080 --> 04:49:47,120 MOSTLY IT HAS BEEN STUDIED FOR 7865 04:49:47,120 --> 04:49:50,880 INFLUENZA, BUT WE DID SEE A FEW 7866 04:49:50,880 --> 04:49:53,720 STUDIES IN WHICH IT'S BEEN 7867 04:49:53,720 --> 04:49:54,680 STUDIED FOR COVID-19, HOWEVER 7868 04:49:54,680 --> 04:49:55,880 FOR THE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO 7869 04:49:55,880 --> 04:49:58,080 UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF FREG 7870 04:49:58,080 --> 04:50:02,640 MANCY RELATED CHANGES, IN 7871 04:50:02,640 --> 04:50:05,200 PROGESTERONE AND OTHER HORMONES 7872 04:50:05,200 --> 04:50:06,680 INCLUDING ESTON JOANS AND 7873 04:50:06,680 --> 04:50:08,080 ANDROGENS WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE 7874 04:50:08,080 --> 04:50:13,440 TO REGULATION WITH COVID-19. 7875 04:50:13,440 --> 04:50:15,080 SO WHAT ARE THE INFLAMMATORY 7876 04:50:15,080 --> 04:50:16,280 RESPONSES WHICH OCCUR IN 7877 04:50:16,280 --> 04:50:16,520 PREGNANCY. 7878 04:50:16,520 --> 04:50:20,360 THERE IS SHIFT IN CD4 T-CELLS 7879 04:50:20,360 --> 04:50:22,000 TOWARDS TH2 PHENOTYPE OVER TH1. 7880 04:50:22,000 --> 04:50:25,360 THERE IS DECREASE IN CIRCULATING 7881 04:50:25,360 --> 04:50:29,240 NK CELLS, THERE IS DECREASE IN 7882 04:50:29,240 --> 04:50:30,400 CIRCULATING PLASMA SIGHTOID 7883 04:50:30,400 --> 04:50:33,240 DENDRITIC CELLS AND THERE IS 7884 04:50:33,240 --> 04:50:34,440 ALTERATION IN INNATE IMMUNE 7885 04:50:34,440 --> 04:50:36,240 SYSTEM AND TELOMERE SHORTENING 7886 04:50:36,240 --> 04:50:38,400 LIKE RECEPTORS. 7887 04:50:38,400 --> 04:50:40,880 NOW ALL THESE MECHANISMS HELP 7888 04:50:40,880 --> 04:50:43,200 CLEARANCE OF VIRAL INFECTED 7889 04:50:43,200 --> 04:50:45,840 CELLS BUT THEY DECLINE WITH 7890 04:50:45,840 --> 04:50:48,920 PREGNANCY HOWEVER, HOW IT 7891 04:50:48,920 --> 04:50:49,720 INTERACTING WITH COVID-19 IS 7892 04:50:49,720 --> 04:50:54,760 STILL NOT KNOWN AND NEEDS 7893 04:50:54,760 --> 04:50:55,280 FURTHER RESEARCH. 7894 04:50:55,280 --> 04:50:59,760 SO THERE HAVE BEEN CASE REPORTS 7895 04:50:59,760 --> 04:51:02,400 OF SARS DETECTION IN THE 7896 04:51:02,400 --> 04:51:05,280 PLACENTA AND HISTOLOGICAL SIGNS 7897 04:51:05,280 --> 04:51:07,600 OF PLACENTAL MILD PROFUSION 7898 04:51:07,600 --> 04:51:09,040 WHICH MOSTLY OCCURS WITH 7899 04:51:09,040 --> 04:51:15,400 CLOTTING, HOWEVER, IT IS UNCLEAR 7900 04:51:15,400 --> 04:51:20,440 WHETHER THE PRESENCE OF AND IT 7901 04:51:20,440 --> 04:51:22,240 IS DAMAGED BY OTHER PATHOLOGIES. 7902 04:51:22,240 --> 04:51:27,040 WE ALSO KNOW THAT ACE 2 AND 7903 04:51:27,040 --> 04:51:28,680 TMPRSS2 CO EXPRESSION HELPS IN 7904 04:51:28,680 --> 04:51:31,760 ENTRY OF VIRUS IN THE LUNG 7905 04:51:31,760 --> 04:51:31,960 TISSUE. 7906 04:51:31,960 --> 04:51:35,360 HOWEVER, THERE IS LACK OF ACE 2 7907 04:51:35,360 --> 04:51:38,080 AND TMPRSS, IN THE PLACENTA 7908 04:51:38,080 --> 04:51:39,320 SEBTA. 7909 04:51:39,320 --> 04:51:40,840 SO MOST LIKELY SARS ENTER THE 7910 04:51:40,840 --> 04:51:44,400 TISSUES VIA AN OLYMPIC TERNATIVE 7911 04:51:44,400 --> 04:51:46,280 MECHANISM HOWEVER, MECHANISM OF 7912 04:51:46,280 --> 04:51:48,240 VIRAL INVASION OF THE PLACENTA 7913 04:51:48,240 --> 04:51:53,240 HAS NOT BEEN CLEARLY 7914 04:51:53,240 --> 04:51:53,520 ESTABLISHED. 7915 04:51:53,520 --> 04:51:55,680 THIS IS A STUDY WHICH SHOWS THE 7916 04:51:55,680 --> 04:52:01,800 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PREGNANCY. 7917 04:52:01,800 --> 04:52:04,320 THE OTHERS LOOK AT 14,000 WOMEN 7918 04:52:04,320 --> 04:52:06,320 IN U.S. HOSPITALS AND THEY LOOK 7919 04:52:06,320 --> 04:52:08,320 AT VARIOUS MATERNAL AND FETAL 7920 04:52:08,320 --> 04:52:09,520 OUTCOMES FOR THE PRIMARY 7921 04:52:09,520 --> 04:52:11,960 OPPOSITE OUTCOME OF THAT, OR 7922 04:52:11,960 --> 04:52:13,640 SERIOUS MORBIDITY FROM HYPER 7923 04:52:13,640 --> 04:52:16,720 TENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY, 7924 04:52:16,720 --> 04:52:19,920 POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE ON NONSARS 7925 04:52:19,920 --> 04:52:20,880 COV-2 INFECTION, THE RISK IS 7926 04:52:20,880 --> 04:52:24,240 HIGHER IN WOMEN WHO ARE SARS 7927 04:52:24,240 --> 04:52:24,880 COVERY-2 POSITIVE COMPARED TO 7928 04:52:24,880 --> 04:52:26,600 WOMEN WHO DID NOT HAVE 7929 04:52:26,600 --> 04:52:37,000 INFECTION, BY ABOUT 40%. 7930 04:53:02,520 --> 04:53:05,200 --THE RISK OF CONGENITAL 7931 04:53:05,200 --> 04:53:06,080 MALFORMATIONS DID NOT FORM 7932 04:53:06,080 --> 04:53:08,280 BETWEEN THE 2 GROUPS. 7933 04:53:08,280 --> 04:53:12,560 INTERESTINGLY IN SECONDARY 7934 04:53:12,560 --> 04:53:17,240 ANALYSIS, ADVERSE OUTCOMES ARE 7935 04:53:17,240 --> 04:53:18,640 ATTRIBUTED TO THOSE WITH 7936 04:53:18,640 --> 04:53:23,560 MODERATE OR HIGHER COVID-19 7937 04:53:23,560 --> 04:53:24,440 SEVERE MITRAL ERITY. 7938 04:53:24,440 --> 04:53:26,320 SO ASHING 19 AWLINGS INCREASES 7939 04:53:26,320 --> 04:53:29,680 THE RISK OF NEURODEVELOPMENT 7940 04:53:29,680 --> 04:53:30,760 DELAYS IN INFANTSA THE 12 7941 04:53:30,760 --> 04:53:31,080 MONTHS. 7942 04:53:31,080 --> 04:53:33,760 THIS IS A STUDY WHICH GOT 7943 04:53:33,760 --> 04:53:38,920 PUBLISHED EARLIER THIS MONTH 7944 04:53:38,920 --> 04:53:42,480 WHICH LOOKEDDA THE ABOUT 7700 7945 04:53:42,480 --> 04:53:44,640 LIVE BIRTHS TO SARS-COV-2 7946 04:53:44,640 --> 04:53:46,160 MOTHERS AND THE OUTCOME WAS 7947 04:53:46,160 --> 04:53:48,320 DEVELOPMENT DELAYS WHICH MOSTLY 7948 04:53:48,320 --> 04:53:49,640 INCLUDED MOTOR DELAYS, SPEECH 7949 04:53:49,640 --> 04:53:52,000 DELAYS AND LANGUAGE DELAYS AND 7950 04:53:52,000 --> 04:53:55,840 IF YOU LOOK, WHOM HAD SARS-COV-2 7951 04:53:55,840 --> 04:54:02,080 POVERTY HAD A HIGH RISK OF 7952 04:54:02,080 --> 04:54:03,760 DEVELOPING, DELAYS. 7953 04:54:03,760 --> 04:54:04,920 PRETERM BIRTHS INCREASE RISK OF 7954 04:54:04,920 --> 04:54:06,800 DELAYS AND ALSO THE THIRD 7955 04:54:06,800 --> 04:54:11,280 TRIMESTER INFECTIONS WERE 7956 04:54:11,280 --> 04:54:13,320 ASSOCIATED BY HIGHER EFFECTS OF 7957 04:54:13,320 --> 04:54:14,640 HIGHER MAGNITUDE. 7958 04:54:14,640 --> 04:54:15,840 SO TO SUMMARIZE COVID-19 7959 04:54:15,840 --> 04:54:19,600 INCREASES THE RISK OF MATERNAL 7960 04:54:19,600 --> 04:54:20,760 MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. 7961 04:54:20,760 --> 04:54:23,160 COVID-19 INCREASES RISK OF 7962 04:54:23,160 --> 04:54:25,200 PREELAMPSIA AND HYPER TENSIVE 7963 04:54:25,200 --> 04:54:26,600 DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY. 7964 04:54:26,600 --> 04:54:28,800 COVID-19 INCREASES RISK OF 7965 04:54:28,800 --> 04:54:29,880 PRETERM BIRTHS DURING PREGNANCY 7966 04:54:29,880 --> 04:54:32,840 AND INCREASES THE RISK OF 7967 04:54:32,840 --> 04:54:34,280 NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE 7968 04:54:34,280 --> 04:54:35,840 ADMISSIONS AND IT INCREASES THE 7969 04:54:35,840 --> 04:54:42,800 RISK OF DEVELOPMENT DELAYS IN 7970 04:54:42,800 --> 04:54:43,160 INFANTS. 7971 04:54:43,160 --> 04:54:45,400 SO LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THIS 7972 04:54:45,400 --> 04:54:48,760 INCLUDES FATIGUE, SHORTNESS OF 7973 04:54:48,760 --> 04:54:50,800 BETH, SLEEP DISORDERS, ANXIETY 7974 04:54:50,800 --> 04:54:51,400 AND DEPRESSION. 7975 04:54:51,400 --> 04:54:52,840 HOWEVER THERE IS INSUFFICIENT 7976 04:54:52,840 --> 04:54:57,800 DATA ON LONG COVID-19 AND 7977 04:54:57,800 --> 04:54:58,080 PREGNANCY. 7978 04:54:58,080 --> 04:55:01,520 ALTHOUGH COVID-19 HAS SHOWN TO 7979 04:55:01,520 --> 04:55:02,280 INCREASE ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR 7980 04:55:02,280 --> 04:55:03,440 OUTCOMES IN 1 YEAR IN THE 7981 04:55:03,440 --> 04:55:04,600 GENTLEMEN POPULATION THERE, 7982 04:55:04,600 --> 04:55:10,440 CONTINUES TO BE INSUFFICIENT 7983 04:55:10,440 --> 04:55:11,520 DATA IN PREGNANCY. 7984 04:55:11,520 --> 04:55:15,280 REGARDING FETAL SAFETY AND 7985 04:55:15,280 --> 04:55:18,760 TREATMENT OF COVID-19 IN 7986 04:55:18,760 --> 04:55:19,960 PRACTICAL NANCY, SO PROPHYLAXIS 7987 04:55:19,960 --> 04:55:21,560 IS RECOMMENDED AND I WOULD LIKE 7988 04:55:21,560 --> 04:55:22,520 TO EMPHASIZE HERE THAT MOST OF 7989 04:55:22,520 --> 04:55:25,440 THE DATA COMES FROM THE TRIAL, 7990 04:55:25,440 --> 04:55:30,200 FROM THE TRIAL WHICH HAS 7991 04:55:30,200 --> 04:55:31,440 EXCLUDED PREGNANT WOMEN. 7992 04:55:31,440 --> 04:55:34,440 SO CURRENTLY STEROIDS AND 7993 04:55:34,440 --> 04:55:35,840 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IS SAFELY 7994 04:55:35,840 --> 04:55:38,040 BEING USED DURING REG NANCY, 7995 04:55:38,040 --> 04:55:41,240 HOWEVER, THEIR SAFETY HAS BEEN 7996 04:55:41,240 --> 04:55:44,480 ESTABLISHED WITH THEIR USE IN 7997 04:55:44,480 --> 04:55:50,080 OTHER CONDITIONS, OR MOSTLY FROM 7998 04:55:50,080 --> 04:55:50,440 ANIMAL STUDIES. 7999 04:55:50,440 --> 04:55:52,520 THIS, 2 MIN ROUTES LEFT. 8000 04:55:52,520 --> 04:55:53,440 >> THESE ARE THE RESEARCH 8001 04:55:53,440 --> 04:55:53,920 OPPORTUNITIES. 8002 04:55:53,920 --> 04:55:57,080 SO THERE IS INSUFFICIENT DATA 8003 04:55:57,080 --> 04:55:58,000 REGARDING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, 8004 04:55:58,000 --> 04:56:00,520 LEVEL OF IMMUNITY AND HORMONAL 8005 04:56:00,520 --> 04:56:02,480 CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY, THE 8006 04:56:02,480 --> 04:56:04,200 MECHANISM OF VIRAL INFECTION, 8007 04:56:04,200 --> 04:56:05,240 NEEDS MORE RESEARCH. 8008 04:56:05,240 --> 04:56:07,680 LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF COVID-19 8009 04:56:07,680 --> 04:56:10,920 DURING PREGNANCY IS UNKNOWN, 8010 04:56:10,920 --> 04:56:11,640 CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES 8011 04:56:11,640 --> 04:56:13,440 APPROXIMATE WITH OOSK 19 DURING 8012 04:56:13,440 --> 04:56:13,920 PREGINANCE SENOT KNOWN. 8013 04:56:13,920 --> 04:56:16,440 THERE NEEDS TO BE INCLUSION OF 8014 04:56:16,440 --> 04:56:18,160 REGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19 8015 04:56:18,160 --> 04:56:19,840 TREATMENT TRIALS AND PREAPPROVAL 8016 04:56:19,840 --> 04:56:20,960 DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, AND 8017 04:56:20,960 --> 04:56:23,120 THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 DURING 8018 04:56:23,120 --> 04:56:24,520 PREGNANCY AND INFANTS AND LATER 8019 04:56:24,520 --> 04:56:27,800 LIFE NEEDS MORE RESEARCH. 8020 04:56:27,800 --> 04:56:31,920 I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY FAMILY, 8021 04:56:31,920 --> 04:56:32,920 MENTORS COLLABORATORS AND 8022 04:56:32,920 --> 04:56:34,920 RESEARCH TEAM FOR THEIR SUPPORT 8023 04:56:34,920 --> 04:56:38,800 AND FUNDING FROM NHLBI. 8024 04:56:38,800 --> 04:56:40,400 >> THANK YOU MUCH SILVI, 8025 04:56:40,400 --> 04:56:46,600 ORIGINAL NEXT PRECEPT BEER IS 8026 04:56:46,600 --> 04:56:49,480 BABBETTE LAMARCA, TALKING ABOUT 8027 04:56:49,480 --> 04:56:58,960 PREELAMPSIA LIKE PRESENTATION IN 8028 04:56:58,960 --> 04:56:59,840 PREGNANT COVID-19 PATIENTS. 8029 04:56:59,840 --> 04:57:01,840 CAN YOU HEAR ME? 8030 04:57:01,840 --> 04:57:09,600 NYES, -- 8031 04:57:09,600 --> 04:57:09,960 >> YES. 8032 04:57:09,960 --> 04:57:11,360 >> IT'S TELLINGS ANOTHER PRESENT 8033 04:57:11,360 --> 04:57:12,560 SERIES POINTS SHARING. 8034 04:57:12,560 --> 04:57:19,080 >> SILVI, CAN YOU STOP SHARING. 8035 04:57:19,080 --> 04:57:19,360 >> YES. 8036 04:57:19,360 --> 04:57:19,640 >> OKAY. 8037 04:57:19,640 --> 04:57:21,160 >> GIVE IT A SHOT NOW. 8038 04:57:21,160 --> 04:57:27,640 >> OKAY. 8039 04:57:27,640 --> 04:57:28,280 THERE WE GO. 8040 04:57:28,280 --> 04:57:34,720 OKAY, CAN YOU SEE IT OKAY. 8041 04:57:34,720 --> 04:57:39,400 IT'S NOW 3:15 SO 3:35. 8042 04:57:39,400 --> 04:57:41,040 >> THANK YOU, FOR INVITING ME TO 8043 04:57:41,040 --> 04:57:44,600 SHARE THIS DATA TODAY. 8044 04:57:44,600 --> 04:57:48,240 AND DR. SHAH ARE FOR THE NICE 8045 04:57:48,240 --> 04:57:49,080 INTRODUCTION WHAT'RE SHOULD THE 8046 04:57:49,080 --> 04:57:50,520 MEMBERS OF MY LAB AND SOURCES OF 8047 04:57:50,520 --> 04:57:51,720 FUBDING FOR A LOT OF THE CONTROL 8048 04:57:51,720 --> 04:57:55,400 PATIENTS THAT I WILL SHOW TO YOU 8049 04:57:55,400 --> 04:57:55,640 TODAY. 8050 04:57:55,640 --> 04:57:57,800 >> SO FIRST WE WILL DEFINE 8051 04:57:57,800 --> 04:58:00,520 PREELAMPSIA WHICH IS NOW ONSET 8052 04:58:00,520 --> 04:58:02,320 HYPERTENSION DURING PREGNANCY 8053 04:58:02,320 --> 04:58:06,960 AND IT CAN OCCUR WITHOUT 8054 04:58:06,960 --> 04:58:09,640 PROTEINURIA, THESE ALSO DEVELOP 8055 04:58:09,640 --> 04:58:10,360 ENDOTHELIAM DYSFUNCTION AND 8056 04:58:10,360 --> 04:58:11,560 SERIES POINTS EASTBOUNDIAL 8057 04:58:11,560 --> 04:58:13,600 VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION WHICH LEADS 8058 04:58:13,600 --> 04:58:15,040 TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEIZURES 8059 04:58:15,040 --> 04:58:15,600 AND STROKES. 8060 04:58:15,600 --> 04:58:18,440 THESE WOMEN PRECEPT WITH A 8061 04:58:18,440 --> 04:58:19,600 CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATE, THE 8062 04:58:19,600 --> 04:58:21,720 IDEA OR THE HYPOTHESIS IS THAT 8063 04:58:21,720 --> 04:58:24,960 EARLY IN PREGNANCY THERE'S A 8064 04:58:24,960 --> 04:58:25,640 REDUCTION OF PLACENTAL BLOOD 8065 04:58:25,640 --> 04:58:28,320 FLOW WHICH LEADS TO THE 8066 04:58:28,320 --> 04:58:30,200 DEVELOPMENT OF PLACENTAL 8067 04:58:30,200 --> 04:58:31,600 ASCHEMIA AND HYPOXIA WHICH LEADS 8068 04:58:31,600 --> 04:58:33,800 TO SEVERAL FACTORS BEING 8069 04:58:33,800 --> 04:58:35,520 SECRETED SUCH ASOXIDATIVE 8070 04:58:35,520 --> 04:58:37,760 STRESS, INFLA AMATORY FACTORS 8071 04:58:37,760 --> 04:58:40,560 AND CYTOKINES AND AGANISTIC 8072 04:58:40,560 --> 04:58:42,560 AUTOBODIES TO THE RECEPTOR AS 8073 04:58:42,560 --> 04:58:46,160 WELL AS ANGIOGENIC FACTORS SUCH 8074 04:58:46,160 --> 04:58:46,560 AS [INDISCERNIBLE]. 8075 04:58:46,560 --> 04:58:48,800 ALL OF THESE HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO 8076 04:58:48,800 --> 04:58:50,200 REDUCE RENAL FUNCTION AND CAUSE 8077 04:58:50,200 --> 04:58:52,800 AN INCREASE IN PREGNANT MODELS 8078 04:58:52,800 --> 04:58:54,680 OF PREELAMPSIA, MANY OF THESE 8079 04:58:54,680 --> 04:58:57,320 FACTORS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO 8080 04:58:57,320 --> 04:58:58,720 INCREASE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW 8081 04:58:58,720 --> 04:59:00,920 WHICH LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF 8082 04:59:00,920 --> 04:59:05,240 SEIZURES AND STROKES IN HYPER 8083 04:59:05,240 --> 04:59:05,640 TENSIVE PATIENTS. 8084 04:59:05,640 --> 04:59:07,720 SO EARLY ON IN THE COVID 8085 04:59:07,720 --> 04:59:09,360 PANDEMIC OUR PHYSICIANS NOD 8086 04:59:09,360 --> 04:59:10,760 THERE WAS INCREASED INCIDENCE OF 8087 04:59:10,760 --> 04:59:13,320 AMONG WOMEN THAT TESTED POSITIVE 8088 04:59:13,320 --> 04:59:14,760 FOR OOSK DURING PRESCRIBING 8089 04:59:14,760 --> 04:59:16,840 NANCY, THIS WORSENED AS WE GO 8090 04:59:16,840 --> 04:59:18,560 INTO THE DELTA STRAIN IN WHICH 8091 04:59:18,560 --> 04:59:21,240 WE HAD I ABOUT A 50% DIAGNOSIS 8092 04:59:21,240 --> 04:59:23,680 RATE AMONG COVID POSITIVE 8093 04:59:23,680 --> 04:59:23,960 PATIENTS. 8094 04:59:23,960 --> 04:59:25,600 THIS WAS ACTUALLY NOTICED ALL 8095 04:59:25,600 --> 04:59:27,120 AROUND THE WORLD IN 8096 04:59:27,120 --> 04:59:27,840 SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS 8097 04:59:27,840 --> 04:59:29,680 INSTITUTIONS THAT PUBLISHED 8098 04:59:29,680 --> 04:59:32,560 PAPERS INDICATING THAT WOMEN 8099 04:59:32,560 --> 04:59:33,840 WITH COVID DURING PREGNANCY 8100 04:59:33,840 --> 04:59:34,960 DEVELOPED A HYPER INFLAMMATORY 8101 04:59:34,960 --> 04:59:38,160 STATE WHICH IS ASSOCIATE WIDE 8102 04:59:38,160 --> 04:59:39,840 PLACENTAL HYPOXIA, PRETERM 8103 04:59:39,840 --> 04:59:42,160 LABOR, PRETERM BIRTH, FETAL AND 8104 04:59:42,160 --> 04:59:45,640 MATERNAL MORBIDITY AND 8105 04:59:45,640 --> 04:59:46,360 MORTALITY. 8106 04:59:46,360 --> 04:59:48,480 SO WE KNOW THAT PREELAMPSIC 8107 04:59:48,480 --> 04:59:50,200 WOMEN HAVE A CHRONIC T-CELL 8108 04:59:50,200 --> 04:59:52,320 RESPONSE WHICH LEDS TO 8109 04:59:52,320 --> 04:59:54,880 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND 8110 04:59:54,880 --> 04:59:56,280 TRIGGERS AT1 ANTIBODIES TO BE 8111 04:59:56,280 --> 04:59:57,720 PRODUCEDEE ALSO KNOW THAT COVID 8112 04:59:57,720 --> 04:59:59,920 PATIENTS HAVE A CHRONIC T-CELL 8113 04:59:59,920 --> 05:00:01,480 RESPONSE WITH INCREASE IN 8114 05:00:01,480 --> 05:00:02,240 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND I 8115 05:00:02,240 --> 05:00:04,640 WILL SHOW TODAY THAT THEY ALSO 8116 05:00:04,640 --> 05:00:05,680 PRODUCE THE AT1 ANTIBODY, 8117 05:00:05,680 --> 05:00:07,240 HOWEVER WHAT WE DON'T KNOW IS 8118 05:00:07,240 --> 05:00:09,880 WHAT ROLE DO THESE T-CELLS AND 8119 05:00:09,880 --> 05:00:11,600 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND THE 8120 05:00:11,600 --> 05:00:12,520 AUTOANTIBODY SAYS PLAY IN 8121 05:00:12,520 --> 05:00:23,080 CAUSING A LONG COVID SYNDROME OR 8122 05:00:23,560 --> 05:00:26,880 CAUSING POST THAT CAUSE DISEASE 8123 05:00:26,880 --> 05:00:27,440 AND NEUROVASCULAR FUNCTION. 8124 05:00:27,440 --> 05:00:30,080 SO WE KNOW THAT THE SYSTEM IS 8125 05:00:30,080 --> 05:00:30,640 HIGHLY REGULATED DURING 8126 05:00:30,640 --> 05:00:33,400 PREGNANCY AND INCREASE PLASMA IN 8127 05:00:33,400 --> 05:00:36,320 ANG 1, 2, AND 7 AND A DECREASE 8128 05:00:36,320 --> 05:00:37,600 IN ANGIO TENSEIN CONVERTING 8129 05:00:37,600 --> 05:00:38,960 ENZYME AND WE ALSO KNOW THAT ACE 8130 05:00:38,960 --> 05:00:44,040 2 IS ACTUALLY THE PORTAL OF 8131 05:00:44,040 --> 05:00:46,160 ENTRY FOR THE VIRUS FOR THE 8132 05:00:46,160 --> 05:00:46,640 COVID-19 VIRUS. 8133 05:00:46,640 --> 05:00:50,720 SO WE WANT TO COMPARE THE 2 8134 05:00:50,720 --> 05:00:52,480 ACTIVITY IN PLACENTAS IN WOMEN 8135 05:00:52,480 --> 05:00:58,520 WITH A HISTORY OF COVID DURING 8136 05:00:58,520 --> 05:01:00,160 PREGNANCY TO NONCOVID 8137 05:01:00,160 --> 05:01:00,600 PREELAMPSIA PATIENTS. 8138 05:01:00,600 --> 05:01:05,240 SO FIRST I WILL SHOW YOU THE 8139 05:01:05,240 --> 05:01:07,560 WOMEN IN THE FIRST OR SECOND 8140 05:01:07,560 --> 05:01:09,760 TRIMESTER HA HAD SOSK, AND THEY 8141 05:01:09,760 --> 05:01:12,200 ALL DELIVERED IN 34 WEEKS 8142 05:01:12,200 --> 05:01:13,560 GUESTATION, AND WE COMPARE THEM 8143 05:01:13,560 --> 05:01:14,680 TO THOSE WITHOUT COVID. 8144 05:01:14,680 --> 05:01:16,520 SO WE MEASURE ACE 2 AND WE FOUND 8145 05:01:16,520 --> 05:01:18,880 THAT WOMEN WITHOUT A HISTORY OF 8146 05:01:18,880 --> 05:01:21,160 COVID HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER 8147 05:01:21,160 --> 05:01:23,920 LEVELS OF ACE 2 ACTIVITY THAT 8148 05:01:23,920 --> 05:01:25,800 HAD PREELAMPSIA HAD 8149 05:01:25,800 --> 05:01:27,440 SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF 8150 05:01:27,440 --> 05:01:30,000 ACE 2 ACTIVITIES COMPARED TO 8151 05:01:30,000 --> 05:01:35,320 THOSE WITH A HISTORY OF COVID. 8152 05:01:35,320 --> 05:01:37,120 IT COULD INDICATE TO TIPPINGS 8153 05:01:37,120 --> 05:01:39,200 ISSUES ACE 2 IS NOW REGULATE 8154 05:01:39,200 --> 05:01:42,440 INDEED THE PLACENTA AND THE 8155 05:01:42,440 --> 05:01:44,440 ANGIO TENSEIN SYSTEM IS 8156 05:01:44,440 --> 05:01:45,120 NORMALIZED WELFARE WEEKS LATER 8157 05:01:45,120 --> 05:01:47,600 AND THAT THE INFLAMMATORY 8158 05:01:47,600 --> 05:01:48,760 PROCESS COULD ACTUALLY PLAY A 8159 05:01:48,760 --> 05:01:50,360 ROLE IN THE PREELAMPSIA 8160 05:01:50,360 --> 05:01:51,840 PHENOTYPE THAT WE SEE. 8161 05:01:51,840 --> 05:01:54,560 OR IT COULD INDICATE THAT 8162 05:01:54,560 --> 05:01:56,160 PREELAMPSIC WOMEN HAVE ENOUGH 8163 05:01:56,160 --> 05:01:58,000 REGULATION THAT WE DON'T KNOW 8164 05:01:58,000 --> 05:01:59,840 ABOUT THAT MAY LEAD THEM A 8165 05:01:59,840 --> 05:02:01,480 LITTLE MORE SENSITIVE TO 8166 05:02:01,480 --> 05:02:05,680 DEVELOPING OR CONTRACTING COVID 8167 05:02:05,680 --> 05:02:06,280 DURING PREGNANCY. 8168 05:02:06,280 --> 05:02:07,360 ONE OF THESE FACTORS THAT WE'RE 8169 05:02:07,360 --> 05:02:09,320 INTERESTED IN AND THAT COULD 8170 05:02:09,320 --> 05:02:12,320 PLAY A ROLE IN THE INCREASED 8171 05:02:12,320 --> 05:02:13,360 INCIDENCE OF PREELAMPSIA IN 8172 05:02:13,360 --> 05:02:16,040 COVID PATIENT SYSTEM THE AT1 8173 05:02:16,040 --> 05:02:20,520 AUTOANTIBODY WHICH IS ELEVATED 8174 05:02:20,520 --> 05:02:21,880 IN PREELAMPSIA WOMEN, AND OTHER 8175 05:02:21,880 --> 05:02:24,120 PEOPLE HAVE SHOWN IT'S PRODUCED 8176 05:02:24,120 --> 05:02:25,440 IN PATIENTS IN COVID POSITIVE 8177 05:02:25,440 --> 05:02:27,080 PATIENTS AS WELL, SO WE RETURN 8178 05:02:27,080 --> 05:02:29,720 TO OUR PATIENTS WITH THE HISTORY 8179 05:02:29,720 --> 05:02:33,280 OF COVID DURING PREGNANCY AND 8180 05:02:33,280 --> 05:02:34,360 MEASURED THE AT1 AUTOANTIBODY 8181 05:02:34,360 --> 05:02:36,560 AND WE FOUND ALL THOSE THAT 8182 05:02:36,560 --> 05:02:37,560 DEVELOPED HYPER TENSIVE 8183 05:02:37,560 --> 05:02:39,760 DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY ALSO 8184 05:02:39,760 --> 05:02:40,840 PRODUCED THE AT1 AUTOENT BODY 8185 05:02:40,840 --> 05:02:44,920 AND WE'VE SHOWN THAT THE AT-1 8186 05:02:44,920 --> 05:02:45,800 AUTOANTIBODY INCREASES BLOOD 8187 05:02:45,800 --> 05:02:46,560 PRESSURE DURING PREGNANCY BUT TO 8188 05:02:46,560 --> 05:02:48,240 STUDY THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE 8189 05:02:48,240 --> 05:02:49,960 ON AGINGS POSTPARTUM WE ALLOW 8190 05:02:49,960 --> 05:02:53,840 THEM TO GIVE BIRTH AND MEASURE 8191 05:02:53,840 --> 05:02:55,480 BLOOD FLOW AT 10 AND 12 WEEKS. 8192 05:02:55,480 --> 05:02:57,040 THOSE THAT RECEIVE THE ANTIBODY 8193 05:02:57,040 --> 05:02:58,760 NO LONGER HAD HYPERTENSION WHEN 8194 05:02:58,760 --> 05:03:02,200 WE GAVE THEM A SECOND HIT OF THE 8195 05:03:02,200 --> 05:03:04,320 AUTOANTIBODY, THEY HAD A HYPER 8196 05:03:04,320 --> 05:03:06,520 TENSIVE STATE. 8197 05:03:06,520 --> 05:03:10,760 SO WHEN WE MEASURED BLOOD FLOW 8198 05:03:10,760 --> 05:03:16,160 WE FIRST LOOKED AT BLOOD FLOW, 8199 05:03:16,160 --> 05:03:17,600 WE HAD ELEVATED PRESSURES, 8200 05:03:17,600 --> 05:03:19,320 HOWEVER THOSE THORS RECEIVE THIS 8201 05:03:19,320 --> 05:03:20,720 DURING PREGNANCY AND AGAIN 8202 05:03:20,720 --> 05:03:23,920 POSTPARTUM HAD A SIGNIFICANT 8203 05:03:23,920 --> 05:03:25,120 INCREASE IN CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW 8204 05:03:25,120 --> 05:03:26,880 DHS WOULD BE INDICATIVE THAT 8205 05:03:26,880 --> 05:03:29,560 WOMEN THAT STILL PRODUCE THE 8206 05:03:29,560 --> 05:03:32,240 AUTOANTIBODY, OR HAD IT DURING 8207 05:03:32,240 --> 05:03:33,480 PREGNANCY HAVE SIGNIFICANT 8208 05:03:33,480 --> 05:03:35,960 CHANGES IN THEIR SERIES 8209 05:03:35,960 --> 05:03:37,480 POINTSEBERAL BLOOD FLOW WHICH 8210 05:03:37,480 --> 05:03:39,480 COULD LEAD TO NEUR'S VASCULAR 8211 05:03:39,480 --> 05:03:40,120 DYSFUNCTION AND COGNITIVE 8212 05:03:40,120 --> 05:03:40,360 DECLINE. 8213 05:03:40,360 --> 05:03:42,440 SO WE BELIEVE THAT PLACENTA WILL 8214 05:03:42,440 --> 05:03:43,840 ESCHEMIA AND THE PRESENCE OR 8215 05:03:43,840 --> 05:03:45,280 ABSENCE OF A HISTORY OF COVID 8216 05:03:45,280 --> 05:03:48,760 LEADS TO A CHRONIC T-CELL 8217 05:03:48,760 --> 05:03:51,000 RESPONSE AND AT1 AUTOANTIBODIES 8218 05:03:51,000 --> 05:03:53,640 WHICH CAUSES HYPERTENSION AND 8219 05:03:53,640 --> 05:03:54,200 CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION DURING 8220 05:03:54,200 --> 05:03:58,800 PREGINANCE CHE IS MAINTAINED 8221 05:03:58,800 --> 05:04:04,280 DURING POSTPARTUM. 8222 05:04:04,280 --> 05:04:14,800 ALL DATA I'M SHOWING WAS WOMEN 8223 05:04:15,680 --> 05:04:16,280 SHOWING THEIR INFECTION. 8224 05:04:16,280 --> 05:04:17,560 WE MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE ON DAY 8225 05:04:17,560 --> 05:04:20,080 19 AND AGAIN AT 10 AND 12 WEEKS 8226 05:04:20,080 --> 05:04:23,840 POSTPARTUM, WE ALSO MEASURED 8227 05:04:23,840 --> 05:04:25,280 CEREBRAL FUNCTION AND COGNITIVE 8228 05:04:25,280 --> 05:04:33,040 DECLINE AT 12 WEEKS POSTPARTUM. 8229 05:04:33,040 --> 05:04:34,680 SO THE 50 THING WE DO IS PUT THE 8230 05:04:34,680 --> 05:04:37,760 RATS IN A BARN MAZE FOR 5 DAYS 8231 05:04:37,760 --> 05:04:39,280 ABILITY AND TIME THEIR ABILITY 8232 05:04:39,280 --> 05:04:44,920 TO NAVIGATE THROUGH THE MAZE. 8233 05:04:44,920 --> 05:04:49,080 WE SEE THOSE RATS WHO RECEIVED 8234 05:04:49,080 --> 05:04:50,560 NORMAL TENSIVES WERE ABLE ABLE 8235 05:04:50,560 --> 05:04:55,160 TO NAVIGATE THROUGH THE MAZE AD 8236 05:04:55,160 --> 05:04:57,000 GET THROUGH THE MAZE BETTER AND 8237 05:04:57,000 --> 05:04:59,000 QUICKER THAN THE T-CELLS THAT 8238 05:04:59,000 --> 05:05:02,360 EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT A HISTORY 8239 05:05:02,360 --> 05:05:03,400 OF COVID DURING PREGNANCY. 8240 05:05:03,400 --> 05:05:05,880 SO, WHEN WE LOOK AT BLOOD 8241 05:05:05,880 --> 05:05:07,200 PRESSURE DURING PREGNANCY WE SEE 8242 05:05:07,200 --> 05:05:09,920 THOSE THAT RECEIVE T-CELLS FROM 8243 05:05:09,920 --> 05:05:11,880 PREELA.IC PATES WITH OR WITHOUT 8244 05:05:11,880 --> 05:05:13,560 A EFTHIMIOSY OF COVID DURING 8245 05:05:13,560 --> 05:05:15,080 PREGNANCY HAD AN INCREASE IN 8246 05:05:15,080 --> 05:05:21,560 BLOOD PRESSURE AND A DECREASE IN 8247 05:05:21,560 --> 05:05:22,360 FETAL WEIGHT. 8248 05:05:22,360 --> 05:05:24,000 WOMEN DID NOT DEVELOP HYPER 8249 05:05:24,000 --> 05:05:26,080 ATTENTION BUT WE DID SEE A 8250 05:05:26,080 --> 05:05:29,520 DECREASE IN FETAL WEIGHT. 8251 05:05:29,520 --> 05:05:32,400 SO WE MEASURE THEIR BLOOD FLOW 8252 05:05:32,400 --> 05:05:33,400 AT 12 WEEKS POSTPARTUM. 8253 05:05:33,400 --> 05:05:35,880 THE BLACK LINE ARE THE 8254 05:05:35,880 --> 05:05:37,200 RECIPIENTS OF NORMAL T-CELLS 8255 05:05:37,200 --> 05:05:38,640 WITH WOMEN DURING A HISTORY OF 8256 05:05:38,640 --> 05:05:40,640 PREGNANCY AND WE SEE A NICE 8257 05:05:40,640 --> 05:05:42,200 PLATLINE IN RESPONSE TO 8258 05:05:42,200 --> 05:05:43,640 INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE. 8259 05:05:43,640 --> 05:05:46,760 HOWEVER THOSE THAT RECEIVE 8260 05:05:46,760 --> 05:05:48,320 PREELA.IC T-CELLS WITH PATIENTS 8261 05:05:48,320 --> 05:05:50,280 WITH OR WITHOUT COVID DURING 8262 05:05:50,280 --> 05:05:53,720 NEGNANCY HAD INCREASES IN 8263 05:05:53,720 --> 05:05:54,600 CEREBRAL BLOOD HAWAIIER BLOOD 8264 05:05:54,600 --> 05:05:54,920 PRESSURES. 8265 05:05:54,920 --> 05:05:57,680 THIS WAS ASSOCIATE WIDE 8266 05:05:57,680 --> 05:05:59,600 SIGNIFICANTLY DESCREASED 8267 05:05:59,600 --> 05:06:01,920 RESPONSE TIME TO WHISKER BRUSHES 8268 05:06:01,920 --> 05:06:03,400 WHICH IS INDICATIVE OF A 8269 05:06:03,400 --> 05:06:08,480 DECREASE IN RESPONSES OR 8270 05:06:08,480 --> 05:06:09,240 COGNITIVE FUNCTION. 8271 05:06:09,240 --> 05:06:12,240 SO IN 1 CLIEWGZ, PATIENTS WITH 8272 05:06:12,240 --> 05:06:14,680 PREELAMPSIA AND PATIENTS WITH 8273 05:06:14,680 --> 05:06:16,560 COVID-19 PREGNANCY THAT DEVELOP 8274 05:06:16,560 --> 05:06:18,600 HYPER TENSIVE DISORDERS PRODUCE 8275 05:06:18,600 --> 05:06:20,640 THE AT1 ANTIBODY. 8276 05:06:20,640 --> 05:06:22,520 CD4 T-CELLS STIMULATED IN 8277 05:06:22,520 --> 05:06:24,120 RESPONSE TO ASEMIA OR IN THE 8278 05:06:24,120 --> 05:06:26,240 PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF COVID 8279 05:06:26,240 --> 05:06:27,640 INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY 8280 05:06:27,640 --> 05:06:38,080 CAUSED BY HYPERTENSION AND 8281 05:06:39,400 --> 05:06:40,040 NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION 8282 05:06:40,040 --> 05:06:43,120 PREGNANCY COULD BE PRODUCTION OF 8283 05:06:43,120 --> 05:06:48,160 AUTOANTIBODY OR PRODUCTION OF 8284 05:06:48,160 --> 05:06:48,680 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE. 8285 05:06:48,680 --> 05:06:50,640 SOME THINGS WE DON'T KNOW IF WE 8286 05:06:50,640 --> 05:06:54,760 CLOCK THE CYTOKINES DURING 8287 05:06:54,760 --> 05:06:55,840 PREGNANCY COULD WE PREVENT THESE 8288 05:06:55,840 --> 05:06:57,840 WITH OR WITHOUT A HISTORY OF 8289 05:06:57,840 --> 05:06:58,720 COVID DURING PREGNANCY. 8290 05:06:58,720 --> 05:07:01,360 FURTHER MORE WOULD BLOCKING THE 8291 05:07:01,360 --> 05:07:03,880 AT1 AUTOANTIBODY OR INFLAMMATORY 8292 05:07:03,880 --> 05:07:07,480 CYTOKINES IMPROVE THE 8293 05:07:07,480 --> 05:07:09,440 NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS THAT 8294 05:07:09,440 --> 05:07:11,680 DR. SHAH WAS TALKING ABOUT IN 8295 05:07:11,680 --> 05:07:12,080 HER PRESENTATION. 8296 05:07:12,080 --> 05:07:13,200 IMPORTANTLY WE DON'T KNOW HOW 8297 05:07:13,200 --> 05:07:16,480 LONG THESE COVID PATIENTS HAVE 8298 05:07:16,480 --> 05:07:18,240 THIS CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY 8299 05:07:18,240 --> 05:07:18,680 RESPONSE POSTPARTUM. 8300 05:07:18,680 --> 05:07:21,000 WE DON'T KNOW HOW LONG THEY 8301 05:07:21,000 --> 05:07:22,640 PRODUCE THE AT1 AUTOANTIBODY AND 8302 05:07:22,640 --> 05:07:23,600 MORE IMPORTANTLY, WE DON'T KNOW 8303 05:07:23,600 --> 05:07:25,680 HOW WE'RE GOING TO TREAT THEM OR 8304 05:07:25,680 --> 05:07:27,080 WHETHER WE'RE GOING TO TREAT 8305 05:07:27,080 --> 05:07:35,800 THEM DURING PREGINANCER OR IN 8306 05:07:35,800 --> 05:07:36,320 THEIR POSTPARTUM PERIOD. 8307 05:07:36,320 --> 05:07:37,920 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 8308 05:07:37,920 --> 05:07:39,400 THANK YOU FOR IDENTIFYING THE 8309 05:07:39,400 --> 05:07:40,960 LARGE GAPS, I THINK ARE A COUPLE 8310 05:07:40,960 --> 05:07:42,160 OF QUESTIONS FOR YOU BUT WE WILL 8311 05:07:42,160 --> 05:07:45,840 DO THAT IN THE Q&A SESSION. 8312 05:07:45,840 --> 05:07:49,320 NOW I WOULD LIKE TO MOVE TO YOUR 8313 05:07:49,320 --> 05:07:53,520 COLLEAGUE FROM THE SAME UNC 8314 05:07:53,520 --> 05:07:54,680 TUITION, LICY YANES, CAR DOZA, 8315 05:07:54,680 --> 05:07:58,120 SHE WILL TALK ABOUT PC OS AND 8316 05:07:58,120 --> 05:08:02,560 OOSK 19 AND IT IS 3:26, WE HAVE 8317 05:08:02,560 --> 05:08:02,880 10 MINUTES. 8318 05:08:02,880 --> 05:08:10,360 I GIVE 3:36, ACTUALLY 4:36 8319 05:08:10,360 --> 05:08:10,760 EASTERN TIME. 8320 05:08:10,760 --> 05:08:12,760 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THE 8321 05:08:12,760 --> 05:08:14,320 INVITATION TO SHARE OUR RESEARCH 8322 05:08:14,320 --> 05:08:15,800 DATA TODAY, I'M REALLY EXCITED, 8323 05:08:15,800 --> 05:08:19,080 TO BE HERE TODAY. 8324 05:08:19,080 --> 05:08:23,240 I WILL TALK ABOUT POLYCYSTIC 8325 05:08:23,240 --> 05:08:30,400 OVARY SYNDROME WHICH IS THE MOST 8326 05:08:30,400 --> 05:08:35,520 ENDOKRIN DISORDER IN 8327 05:08:35,520 --> 05:08:37,240 REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN. 8328 05:08:37,240 --> 05:08:39,520 FOR WOMEN TO HAVE THE DIAGNOSIS 8329 05:08:39,520 --> 05:08:44,560 OF PC OS, THEY HAVE TO HAVE 2 OF 8330 05:08:44,560 --> 05:08:53,000 THESE 3 CRITERIA, POLYCYSTIC 8331 05:08:53,000 --> 05:08:55,880 OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY, MENSES OR 8332 05:08:55,880 --> 05:08:56,560 HYPER ANDROGENNISM, THERE ARE 8333 05:08:56,560 --> 05:08:58,760 SEVERAL TYPES IN THE CLINIC AND 8334 05:08:58,760 --> 05:09:02,240 IN RESEARCH, 3 OF THEM, THE ABC 8335 05:09:02,240 --> 05:09:05,000 FENEE TYPE HAVE ELEVATED LEVEL 8336 05:09:05,000 --> 05:09:06,480 OFANDY ANDROGENS AND THE 8337 05:09:06,480 --> 05:09:09,040 PHENOTYPE THEY DO NOT HAVE. 8338 05:09:09,040 --> 05:09:19,480 THESE WOMEN'S ALSO HAVE A 8339 05:09:36,160 --> 05:09:37,560 CLUSTER OF 8340 05:09:37,560 --> 05:09:38,920 CARDIOVASCULAR--INFECTED WITH 8341 05:09:38,920 --> 05:09:40,320 SARS COV-2 THEY WILL GET SICKER 8342 05:09:40,320 --> 05:09:42,040 THAN CONTROL WOMEN. 8343 05:09:42,040 --> 05:09:43,480 SO THERE ARE 2 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL 8344 05:09:43,480 --> 05:09:48,840 STUDY THAT SUGGIEST THAT THAT IS 8345 05:09:48,840 --> 05:09:51,160 THE CASE TO THE LEFT, HAVE YOU A 8346 05:09:51,160 --> 05:09:53,200 CROSS CONTROL OF SCAIS STUDY 8347 05:09:53,200 --> 05:09:55,880 CONTROL PATIENTS WITH PC OS, 8348 05:09:55,880 --> 05:09:57,480 THIS RESEARCH IN SEPARATE 8349 05:09:57,480 --> 05:09:59,120 PATIENTS WITH PC OS WITH THOSE 8350 05:09:59,120 --> 05:10:02,360 THAT HAVE HIGH REFLECT OF 8351 05:10:02,360 --> 05:10:03,880 ANDROGENS DYNAMIC PC OS AND TOM 8352 05:10:03,880 --> 05:10:06,120 PAIRED TO THOSE THAT NORMAL 8353 05:10:06,120 --> 05:10:07,400 LEVEL OF ANDROGENS AND CONTROL 8354 05:10:07,400 --> 05:10:08,880 WOMEN'S AND AS CAN YOU SEE, 8355 05:10:08,880 --> 05:10:12,320 THOSE WOMEN HAVE HIGH LEVEL OF 8356 05:10:12,320 --> 05:10:13,280 ANDROGENS HAVE WORSE COVID 8357 05:10:13,280 --> 05:10:14,800 SYMPTOMS WHEN YOU COMPARE TO THE 8358 05:10:14,800 --> 05:10:18,920 CONTROL, SO THEY HAVE--THEY 8359 05:10:18,920 --> 05:10:23,200 COMPLAIN MORE ABOUT FEVER, 8360 05:10:23,200 --> 05:10:24,160 SMELL, SHORTNESS OF BREATH. 8361 05:10:24,160 --> 05:10:25,680 AND TO THE RIGHT YOU HAVE DATA 8362 05:10:25,680 --> 05:10:28,800 FROM A COHORT STUDY, FOR THE 8363 05:10:28,800 --> 05:10:32,080 DATA COMES FROM THE UK, WHERE 8364 05:10:32,080 --> 05:10:37,320 WOMEN'S WITH PC OS WERE COMPARED 8365 05:10:37,320 --> 05:10:38,600 TO MATCH CONTROL WOMEN AND WHAT 8366 05:10:38,600 --> 05:10:40,560 THIS RESEARCH SHOW IS THAT WOMEN 8367 05:10:40,560 --> 05:10:46,080 WHO HAVE THE DIAGNOSIS OF PC OS, 8368 05:10:46,080 --> 05:10:53,600 HAVE A 52 INCREASE RISK OF BEING 8369 05:10:53,600 --> 05:10:54,120 INFECTED WITH COVID-19. 8370 05:10:54,120 --> 05:10:58,160 SO THE DPA THEA, ALSO, THE RATIO 8371 05:10:58,160 --> 05:10:59,960 FOR INCREASE RISK OF COVID, 8372 05:10:59,960 --> 05:11:04,160 REMAIN ELEVATED DESPITE THE FACT 8373 05:11:04,160 --> 05:11:06,320 THAT THE DATA WAS 8374 05:11:06,320 --> 05:11:09,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] GLUCOSE AND ALSO 8375 05:11:09,760 --> 05:11:10,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] SUGGESTING THAT 8376 05:11:10,760 --> 05:11:13,000 WOMEN INDEPENDENT OF THOSE 8377 05:11:13,000 --> 05:11:14,040 CARDIOVASCULAR FACTOR THEY JUST 8378 05:11:14,040 --> 05:11:17,200 MENTIONED TO YOU HAVE A HIGH 8379 05:11:17,200 --> 05:11:26,800 PLACE POSITION TO GET INFECTED 8380 05:11:26,800 --> 05:11:27,160 WITH SARS-COV-2. 8381 05:11:27,160 --> 05:11:30,040 SO FOR THE ACE 2, ALSO NEED THE 8382 05:11:30,040 --> 05:11:33,160 HELP OF SEVERAL PROTEINS THAT 8383 05:11:33,160 --> 05:11:37,160 CLEAVAGE, THE PROTEIN TO BECOME 8384 05:11:37,160 --> 05:11:37,400 ACTIVE. 8385 05:11:37,400 --> 05:11:39,000 SO WHEY WILL SHOW YOU TODAY IS A 8386 05:11:39,000 --> 05:11:40,920 COUPLE OF DATA THAT WE 8387 05:11:40,920 --> 05:11:44,320 DEMONSTRATED KEY ROLE OF HYPER 8388 05:11:44,320 --> 05:11:45,760 ANDROGEN ROGANISM WITH THE ACE 2 8389 05:11:45,760 --> 05:11:50,320 RECEPTOR AS WELL AS PROTEINS. 8390 05:11:50,320 --> 05:11:52,560 IN OUR ANIMAL MODEL OF PC OS, SO 8391 05:11:52,560 --> 05:11:56,000 IN OUR LAB, WE MIMIC THE DYNAMIC 8392 05:11:56,000 --> 05:11:58,520 WOMENS WITH PC OS IN A FEMALE 8393 05:11:58,520 --> 05:12:02,120 MICE AND BY IMPLANTING THEM WITH 8394 05:12:02,120 --> 05:12:04,600 AN ANDROGEN WHICH IS THE 8395 05:12:04,600 --> 05:12:06,760 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 8396 05:12:06,760 --> 05:12:09,560 AND BY DOING SO, THIS MODEL OF 8397 05:12:09,560 --> 05:12:11,880 PC OS EXHIBITS SEVERAL 8398 05:12:11,880 --> 05:12:13,240 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR THAT 8399 05:12:13,240 --> 05:12:15,360 ARE VERY SIMILAR TO WOMEN'S WITH 8400 05:12:15,360 --> 05:12:19,600 PC OS, SO THE MICE THAT GET 8401 05:12:19,600 --> 05:12:21,320 IMPLANTED WITH DHT HAVE INCREASE 8402 05:12:21,320 --> 05:12:22,880 IN BODY WEIGHT, INSULIN 8403 05:12:22,880 --> 05:12:24,880 RESISTANCE AND THEY HAVE 8404 05:12:24,880 --> 05:12:26,720 EXPANSION OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. 8405 05:12:26,720 --> 05:12:31,760 SO WE LOOK AT SEVERAL PRACTICES 8406 05:12:31,760 --> 05:12:34,120 TEENS THAT ARE VITAL FOR 8407 05:12:34,120 --> 05:12:35,160 IMPORTANT ENTRY AND I WILL START 8408 05:12:35,160 --> 05:12:37,160 THE DAT WITH THE ACE 2, SO IN 8409 05:12:37,160 --> 05:12:39,960 THE TOP PANEL, YOU HAVE THE MRNA 8410 05:12:39,960 --> 05:12:42,600 OF THE ACE 2 AND IN TD BOTTOM 8411 05:12:42,600 --> 05:12:43,760 PART, YOU HAVE THE PROTEIN, SO 8412 05:12:43,760 --> 05:12:48,360 AS CAN YOU SEE THAT THE MRNA WAS 8413 05:12:48,360 --> 05:12:49,440 UPREGULATED IN THE 8414 05:12:49,440 --> 05:12:50,800 [INDISCERNIBLE] ACE 2 WAS RUP 8415 05:12:50,800 --> 05:12:53,800 REGULATED IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE, 8416 05:12:53,800 --> 05:12:55,280 KIDNEY AND LUNG, AND PROT TEEN 8417 05:12:55,280 --> 05:12:59,640 EXPRESSION OF THE ACE 2 WAS 8418 05:12:59,640 --> 05:13:03,400 UPREGULATED IN THE SITE OF THE 8419 05:13:03,400 --> 05:13:05,680 HYPODYNAMIC FEMALE MICE AS WELL 8420 05:13:05,680 --> 05:13:08,320 AS LEFT VENTRICLE IN THE IT 8421 05:13:08,320 --> 05:13:08,680 KIDNEY. 8422 05:13:08,680 --> 05:13:09,800 WE SAW CANNED WHAT OF THE ACE 2 8423 05:13:09,800 --> 05:13:12,080 IN THE LUNG IN THE MRNA, BUT WE 8424 05:13:12,080 --> 05:13:15,040 DID NOT SEE AN INCREASE OF THE 8425 05:13:15,040 --> 05:13:17,600 PROTEIN LEVEL, SUGGESTING THAT 8426 05:13:17,600 --> 05:13:19,560 THEY ARE CROSS TRANSLATIONAL 8427 05:13:19,560 --> 05:13:20,840 CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE 8428 05:13:20,840 --> 05:13:24,960 LUNG IN PRESENCE OF HIGH LEVEL 8429 05:13:24,960 --> 05:13:25,640 ANDROGENS. 8430 05:13:25,640 --> 05:13:28,440 IN CONTRAST IN THE SMALL 8431 05:13:28,440 --> 05:13:29,840 INTESTINE, WE SAW UPREGULATION 8432 05:13:29,840 --> 05:13:33,520 OF THE PROTEIN BUT THE MRNA WAS 8433 05:13:33,520 --> 05:13:33,840 UNCHANGED. 8434 05:13:33,840 --> 05:13:36,680 SO THIS DATA SHOWINGS THE 8435 05:13:36,680 --> 05:13:38,560 CRITICAL ROLE OF HYPOANDROGEN 8436 05:13:38,560 --> 05:13:39,520 ROGGISM MODULATED THE EXPRESSION 8437 05:13:39,520 --> 05:13:43,600 OF ACE 2 IN OUR HYPER DYNAMIC 8438 05:13:43,600 --> 05:13:53,600 FEMALE MICE MODEL OF PC OS. 8439 05:13:53,600 --> 05:13:54,680 TMPRSS2 IS 1 OF THE MECHANISMS 8440 05:13:54,680 --> 05:13:55,640 TO HELP THE PROTEIN. 8441 05:13:55,640 --> 05:13:59,200 THESE ARE A COUPLE OF TISSUES 8442 05:13:59,200 --> 05:14:01,680 THAT WE LOOK AT FOR TAKE OF TIME 8443 05:14:01,680 --> 05:14:04,960 BUT FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE SMALL 8444 05:14:04,960 --> 05:14:06,640 INTESTINE, WE AWE SAY DOWN 8445 05:14:06,640 --> 05:14:08,520 REGULATION OF THE MRNA, HOWEVER 8446 05:14:08,520 --> 05:14:14,080 THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF THE 8447 05:14:14,080 --> 05:14:15,480 [INDISCERNIBLE] WAS 8448 05:14:15,480 --> 05:14:16,400 SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED, SO 8449 05:14:16,400 --> 05:14:18,480 SUGGESTING ALSO THERE ARE POST 8450 05:14:18,480 --> 05:14:20,640 TRANSLATIONAL CHANGES THAT MAY 8451 05:14:20,640 --> 05:14:22,680 OCCUR AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO 8452 05:14:22,680 --> 05:14:24,160 LOOK AT BOTH, RIGHT? 8453 05:14:24,160 --> 05:14:25,360 SO THE MRNA LEVEL AND THE 8454 05:14:25,360 --> 05:14:26,840 PROTEIN LEVEL TO HAVE A WHOLE 8455 05:14:26,840 --> 05:14:29,720 IDEA OF WHAT'S GOING ON, AND 8456 05:14:29,720 --> 05:14:31,240 THIS IS DIFFERENT IN EVERY 8457 05:14:31,240 --> 05:14:31,480 TISSUE. 8458 05:14:31,480 --> 05:14:33,000 LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENED IN THE 8459 05:14:33,000 --> 05:14:38,320 COLON, SO IN THE COLON WE SAW AN 8460 05:14:38,320 --> 05:14:42,120 UPREGULATION OF THE MRNA, TO A 8461 05:14:42,120 --> 05:14:44,880 PROTEIN HOWEVER THE PROTEIN HAVE 8462 05:14:44,880 --> 05:14:45,920 ATTENDANCY TO BE DOWN REGULATED 8463 05:14:45,920 --> 05:14:48,480 AND THE SAME THING HAPPENED IN 8464 05:14:48,480 --> 05:14:50,240 THE KIDNEY. 8465 05:14:50,240 --> 05:14:52,760 SO THE MRNA FTION UPREGULATED SO 8466 05:14:52,760 --> 05:14:54,760 WHEN WE LOOKED WE SAW A 8467 05:14:54,760 --> 05:14:55,960 SIGNIFICANT DOWN REGULATION AT 8468 05:14:55,960 --> 05:14:58,400 THE PROTEIN LEVEL AT THE KIDNEY 8469 05:14:58,400 --> 05:15:01,200 SUGGESTING THAT MAYBE RPGHT 8470 05:15:01,200 --> 05:15:03,200 PROTEINS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE 8471 05:15:03,200 --> 05:15:06,640 VITAL ENTRY IN PRESENCE OF HYPER 8472 05:15:06,640 --> 05:15:10,720 ANDROGENEMIA IN WOMENS WITH PC 8473 05:15:10,720 --> 05:15:12,360 OS. 8474 05:15:12,360 --> 05:15:13,000 OTHER PROTEINS [INDISCERNIBLE] 8475 05:15:13,000 --> 05:15:17,080 THIS IS NOT AN EFFECTIVE PROTEIN 8476 05:15:17,080 --> 05:15:19,000 [INDISCERNIBLE], BUT ALSO CAN 8477 05:15:19,000 --> 05:15:25,800 HELP TO IN THE ENDOCYTOSIS OF 8478 05:15:25,800 --> 05:15:29,920 THE VIAL. 8479 05:15:29,920 --> 05:15:35,000 PROTEIN IS EXPRESSED IN 8480 05:15:35,000 --> 05:15:36,200 CATHEPSIN, AND THIS MRNA AND WE 8481 05:15:36,200 --> 05:15:39,800 ARE WORKING ON THE PROTEINS TO 8482 05:15:39,800 --> 05:15:50,200 SEE SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT 8483 05:15:51,120 --> 05:15:51,720 CHANGES. 8484 05:15:51,720 --> 05:15:53,880 THIS IS ALSO UPREGGULE THE INNED 8485 05:15:53,880 --> 05:15:55,080 ANDROGEN SO THIS IS THE SUMMARY 8486 05:15:55,080 --> 05:15:56,560 OF THE CHANGES WE SAW IN 8487 05:15:56,560 --> 05:16:00,480 PRESENCE, THE LEVEL OF ANDROGENS 8488 05:16:00,480 --> 05:16:03,280 WE SEE UPREGULATION OF A LOT OF 8489 05:16:03,280 --> 05:16:05,720 GENES, ALSO WE SAW DOWN 8490 05:16:05,720 --> 05:16:07,680 REGULATION, THERE'S THE VIRAL 8491 05:16:07,680 --> 05:16:09,240 ENTRY SUGGESTING AGAIN THAT HIGH 8492 05:16:09,240 --> 05:16:14,160 LEVEL OF ANDROGENS PLAY A KEY 8493 05:16:14,160 --> 05:16:18,080 ROLE IN THESE IN SARS-COV-ENTER 8494 05:16:18,080 --> 05:16:18,480 TO THE SALE. 8495 05:16:18,480 --> 05:16:20,080 ALSO DIET CAN IMPACT THIS, SO 8496 05:16:20,080 --> 05:16:26,480 THIS IS THE DATA WE HAVE ON DIET 8497 05:16:26,480 --> 05:16:27,800 THAT CATHEPSIN IS WELL, SO IT 8498 05:16:27,800 --> 05:16:29,200 HAS A DIFFERENT EFFECT WITH A 8499 05:16:29,200 --> 05:16:31,400 HIGH LEVEL OF ANDROGENS. 8500 05:16:31,400 --> 05:16:35,600 SO TO SUMMARIZE OUR DATA, HIGH 8501 05:16:35,600 --> 05:16:38,000 DEVELOPED ANDROGENS, IN INCREASE 8502 05:16:38,000 --> 05:16:39,840 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR TO 8503 05:16:39,840 --> 05:16:41,720 COVID-19 SEVERITY BUT ALSO REG 8504 05:16:41,720 --> 05:16:52,280 IEWLGT PROTEINS OF ENTRY OF THE 8505 05:17:06,400 --> 05:17:07,760 VITALS--THE DATA WAS NOT 8506 05:17:07,760 --> 05:17:08,240 DEDEGRADATION. 8507 05:17:08,240 --> 05:17:09,560 Q.IGATEED BY SEX AND 8508 05:17:09,560 --> 05:17:10,800 GENDER HOWEVER THE 8509 05:17:10,800 --> 05:17:12,040 REPORT SIGNIFICANT 8510 05:17:12,040 --> 05:17:13,600 IMPROVEMENT WITH THE 8511 05:17:13,600 --> 05:17:13,920 ANTIANDROGEN. 8512 05:17:13,920 --> 05:17:19,560 BUT MOST RECENT CLINICAL TRIAL, 8513 05:17:19,560 --> 05:17:21,440 THE HITCH TRIAL DOES NOT SO 8514 05:17:21,440 --> 05:17:25,960 IMPROVEMENT IN COVID OUTCOME. 8515 05:17:25,960 --> 05:17:28,480 THE COVIDENZA, BUT LOOK AT THE 8516 05:17:28,480 --> 05:17:33,440 FEMALE CONTROL IN ONLY 30 WOMEN 8517 05:17:33,440 --> 05:17:35,200 WITH COVIDENZA, SO WOMEN WERE 8518 05:17:35,200 --> 05:17:36,960 REPRESENTATIVE WHEN WE TALK 8519 05:17:36,960 --> 05:17:39,800 ABOUT AN ANTIANTIGEN SO ARE WE 8520 05:17:39,800 --> 05:17:40,200 BLOCKING DEVICES? 8521 05:17:40,200 --> 05:17:42,000 WE DON'T WANT TO MEASURE THIS 8522 05:17:42,000 --> 05:17:43,520 DOSE WHEN WE GET CALLED TO SEE 8523 05:17:43,520 --> 05:17:44,400 PATIENTS IN THE HOSPITAL BECAUSE 8524 05:17:44,400 --> 05:17:48,480 WE KNOW THE LEVEL OF ANDROGENS 8525 05:17:48,480 --> 05:17:49,880 WILL DECLINE WITH THE THIS AND 8526 05:17:49,880 --> 05:17:52,000 THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED BUT LOOK 8527 05:17:52,000 --> 05:17:56,760 WHAT HAPPENED WITH WOMEN SO 8528 05:17:56,760 --> 05:17:58,200 ACTUALLY IF YOU COMPARE WOMEN IN 8529 05:17:58,200 --> 05:18:00,480 THE ICU, THEY HAVE HIGH 8530 05:18:00,480 --> 05:18:05,160 DEVELOPED ANDROGENS COMPARED TO 8531 05:18:05,160 --> 05:18:06,240 WOMEN THAT HAVE NONCOVID BUT ARE 8532 05:18:06,240 --> 05:18:07,200 NOT IN THE ICU. 8533 05:18:07,200 --> 05:18:10,360 WE DON'T SEE THEY CLIN WE SEE 8534 05:18:10,360 --> 05:18:12,960 INCREASE IN ANDROGEN, WE DON'T 8535 05:18:12,960 --> 05:18:15,440 HAVE ANY DATA OF LONG COVID IN 8536 05:18:15,440 --> 05:18:22,280 PATIENTS WITH PC OS. 8537 05:18:22,280 --> 05:18:24,200 SO TO SUMMARIZE MY TALK, I WANT 8538 05:18:24,200 --> 05:18:26,520 TO SUMMARIZE BY SAYING THAT HIGH 8539 05:18:26,520 --> 05:18:29,120 LEVEL OF ANDROGENS, ARE A 8540 05:18:29,120 --> 05:18:30,280 CLUSTER OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 8541 05:18:30,280 --> 05:18:33,080 OCTETTORS, THAT WE HAVE, AND 8542 05:18:33,080 --> 05:18:35,200 ALSO I DIDN'T SHOW TODAY BUT WE 8543 05:18:35,200 --> 05:18:38,280 DO HAVE DATA THAT MODULATE 8544 05:18:38,280 --> 05:18:40,520 CYTOKINES, SPECIFICALLY ILC AND 8545 05:18:40,520 --> 05:18:42,440 ANDROGENS, NOT ONLY UPREGULATED 8546 05:18:42,440 --> 05:18:44,960 ACE 2 RECEPTOR, IN OUR MODEL OF 8547 05:18:44,960 --> 05:18:47,160 PC OS, BUT ALSO UPREGULATES 8548 05:18:47,160 --> 05:18:48,720 SEVERAL PROTEINS THAT ARE REALLY 8549 05:18:48,720 --> 05:18:52,280 KEY IN THE VIRAL ENTRY IN THIS 8550 05:18:52,280 --> 05:18:55,880 MODEL OF PC OS, SUGGESTING THAT 8551 05:18:55,880 --> 05:18:58,600 WOMEN WITH PC OS IF THEY GET 8552 05:18:58,600 --> 05:19:03,280 COVID, THEY MAY GET SEEKER WITH 8553 05:19:03,280 --> 05:19:03,520 COVID-19. 8554 05:19:03,520 --> 05:19:05,520 SO WHAT WE NEED TO GO FROM HERE, 8555 05:19:05,520 --> 05:19:07,480 WE DON'T HAVE ANY HIGHER END 8556 05:19:07,480 --> 05:19:09,840 POINT IN WOMEN'SS WITH PC OS SO 8557 05:19:09,840 --> 05:19:11,720 WE NEED DATA OF MORTALITY AND 8558 05:19:11,720 --> 05:19:15,720 SEVERITY OF THE COVID IN 8559 05:19:15,720 --> 05:19:16,640 PATIENTS WITH WOMENS, ALSO SHARE 8560 05:19:16,640 --> 05:19:18,320 WITH YOU THERE ARE A LOT OF 8561 05:19:18,320 --> 05:19:20,160 CLINICAL TRIALS THAT THEY DO 8562 05:19:20,160 --> 05:19:22,920 INCLUDE WOMENS BUT THEY DON'T 8563 05:19:22,920 --> 05:19:23,600 ANALYZE THE DATA 8564 05:19:23,600 --> 05:19:25,000 DEGRADATIONGREGATING THE DAILY 8565 05:19:25,000 --> 05:19:26,880 BASIS THEA BY SEX AND GENDER. 8566 05:19:26,880 --> 05:19:29,200 WE DON'T HAVE ANY DATA OF LONG 8567 05:19:29,200 --> 05:19:32,440 COVID IN PC OS AND WE REALLY 8568 05:19:32,440 --> 05:19:34,480 MOTIVATED FOR BASIC RESEARCH IN 8569 05:19:34,480 --> 05:19:36,000 ANIMAL MODEL OF COVID-19. 8570 05:19:36,000 --> 05:19:37,560 I WANT TO THANK ALL THE PEOPLE 8571 05:19:37,560 --> 05:19:40,080 WHO HELP ME TO BE HERE TODAY 8572 05:19:40,080 --> 05:19:41,480 WITH YOU TODAY, ESPECIALENTIALLY 8573 05:19:41,480 --> 05:19:48,960 WANT TO THANK THESE 2, 8574 05:19:48,960 --> 05:19:49,840 SCIENTISTS, HERE, THEY PERFORMED 8575 05:19:49,840 --> 05:19:52,080 THE DATA THAT I SHARE WITH YOU 8576 05:19:52,080 --> 05:19:52,440 THIS AFTERNOON. 8577 05:19:52,440 --> 05:19:55,880 AND THANK YOU SO MUCH AGAIN. 8578 05:19:55,880 --> 05:19:56,200 APPRECIATE IT. 8579 05:19:56,200 --> 05:19:57,120 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 8580 05:19:57,120 --> 05:19:58,920 WE ARE A LITTLE BIT LATE, SO WE 8581 05:19:58,920 --> 05:20:01,360 ARE GOING TO MOVE RIGHT AWAY TO 8582 05:20:01,360 --> 05:20:07,320 THE LAST SPEAKER LECTURE, FROM 8583 05:20:07,320 --> 05:20:08,920 DR. JOHN RANDOM GENDER AFFIRMING 8584 05:20:08,920 --> 05:20:10,920 HORMONE THERAPY AND 8585 05:20:10,920 --> 05:20:15,840 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COVID-19. 8586 05:20:15,840 --> 05:20:17,560 WE ARE CURRENTLY 3:38. 8587 05:20:17,560 --> 05:20:26,200 4:38 SO 10 MINUTES TO 4:48. 8588 05:20:26,200 --> 05:20:36,560 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 8589 05:20:44,520 --> 05:20:46,280 >> WE SEE IT. 8590 05:20:46,280 --> 05:20:46,920 >> GREAT AFTERNOON EVERYBODY. 8591 05:20:46,920 --> 05:20:48,040 IT'S ALWAYS A PLEASURE TO BE THE 8592 05:20:48,040 --> 05:20:56,600 FINAL SPEAKER OF THE SESSION. 8593 05:20:56,600 --> 05:20:58,360 IESM A REPRODUCTIVE 8594 05:20:58,360 --> 05:20:59,160 ENDOCRINOLOGIST AND 1 OF OUR 8595 05:20:59,160 --> 05:21:01,960 PROGRAMS HERE WITH OVER 30 YEARS 8596 05:21:01,960 --> 05:21:03,800 EXPERIENCE IN TREATING PATIENTS 8597 05:21:03,800 --> 05:21:05,600 WITH GENDER AFFIRMING HORMONES, 8598 05:21:05,600 --> 05:21:08,400 PART OF SURNLICAL TEAM IN THE 8599 05:21:08,400 --> 05:21:08,760 BEGINNING. 8600 05:21:08,760 --> 05:21:09,760 AND TODAY, I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU 8601 05:21:09,760 --> 05:21:16,160 MUCH MORE OF A CLINICAL TALK 8602 05:21:16,160 --> 05:21:17,400 THAN--VERY DATA IS LIMITED 8603 05:21:17,400 --> 05:21:19,200 BECAUSE THERE ISN'T A LOT OF 8604 05:21:19,200 --> 05:21:20,880 DATA WITH RESPECT TO THIS 8605 05:21:20,880 --> 05:21:22,320 PARTICULAR TOPIC. 8606 05:21:22,320 --> 05:21:22,720 NO DISCLOSURES. 8607 05:21:22,720 --> 05:21:25,160 JUST TO SET THE STAGE SO WE'RE 8608 05:21:25,160 --> 05:21:28,480 COMING FROM THE SAME PLACE 8609 05:21:28,480 --> 05:21:31,920 PREVALENCE ESTIMATE VS INCREASED 8610 05:21:31,920 --> 05:21:34,160 DRAMATICALLY OVER THE 30 YEARS 8611 05:21:34,160 --> 05:21:36,880 FOR PEOPLE REQUESTING GENDER 8612 05:21:36,880 --> 05:21:37,800 AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPIES AND 8613 05:21:37,800 --> 05:21:40,720 JUST HOT OFF THE PRESS FROM LAST 8614 05:21:40,720 --> 05:21:42,760 WEEK, THERE'S A SURVEY THAT 8615 05:21:42,760 --> 05:21:44,600 QUERIES OVER 11,000 U.S. AADULTS 8616 05:21:44,600 --> 05:21:47,040 AND .6 IDENTIFIED APS 8617 05:21:47,040 --> 05:21:48,880 TRANSGENDER, 1% IDENTIFIED AS 8618 05:21:48,880 --> 05:21:50,680 NONBINARY AND THE THEN THE 8619 05:21:50,680 --> 05:21:53,680 YOUNGER AGE GROUP, 18-292% OOH 8620 05:21:53,680 --> 05:21:56,440 DENTIFIED AS TRANSGEPPEDDER AND 8621 05:21:56,440 --> 05:21:56,920 3% AS NONBINARY. 8622 05:21:56,920 --> 05:21:59,520 AND SO, IF YOU JUST DO A LITTLE 8623 05:21:59,520 --> 05:22:00,520 BACK TO THE ENVELOPE 8624 05:22:00,520 --> 05:22:02,280 CALCULATION, IF YOU LOOK AT THE 8625 05:22:02,280 --> 05:22:03,760 POTENTIAL SCOPE OF WHAT WE'RE 8626 05:22:03,760 --> 05:22:06,080 TALKING WHO MIGHT BE USING 8627 05:22:06,080 --> 05:22:08,280 HORMONE THERAPY, OF THE U.S. 8628 05:22:08,280 --> 05:22:09,600 POPULATION OF .6% ABOUT 8629 05:22:09,600 --> 05:22:11,960 2 MILLION PEOPLE RIGHT NOW, AND 8630 05:22:11,960 --> 05:22:14,440 HALF OF THEM HAVE ACCESS TO 8631 05:22:14,440 --> 05:22:15,880 HORMONES AND CHOOSE TO TAKE THEM 8632 05:22:15,880 --> 05:22:18,440 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A MILLION 8633 05:22:18,440 --> 05:22:20,680 INDIVIDUALS NOW WHO MIGHT BE 8634 05:22:20,680 --> 05:22:22,520 POTENTIALLY ON HORMONE THERAPY. 8635 05:22:22,520 --> 05:22:25,200 THE GOALS OF THIS TREATMENT TO 8636 05:22:25,200 --> 05:22:27,880 INDUCE THE DESIRED SECONDARY SEX 8637 05:22:27,880 --> 05:22:28,920 CHARACTERISTICS FOR TRANSGENDER 8638 05:22:28,920 --> 05:22:31,640 WOMEN THATY BREAST GROWTH, FAT 8639 05:22:31,640 --> 05:22:33,480 MASS AND DISTRIBUTION, FOR 8640 05:22:33,480 --> 05:22:36,000 TRANSGENDER MEN, VOICE CHANGING 8641 05:22:36,000 --> 05:22:38,160 MALE PATTERN TERMINAL HAIR 8642 05:22:38,160 --> 05:22:40,360 GROWTH, CHANGE IN MUSCLE AND FAT 8643 05:22:40,360 --> 05:22:44,360 MASS AND SOME PHALLIC GROWTH AND 8644 05:22:44,360 --> 05:22:46,520 IMPORTANTLY TO PREVENT 8645 05:22:46,520 --> 05:22:47,920 APPROXIMATE PIEWBITTAL OR 8646 05:22:47,920 --> 05:22:49,000 PREPIEWBITTAL TO REGRESS THE 8647 05:22:49,000 --> 05:22:50,520 CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE HAVE 8648 05:22:50,520 --> 05:22:52,680 ALREADY OCCURRED AND FOR 8649 05:22:52,680 --> 05:22:55,760 TRANSGENDER MEN THAT MEANS 8650 05:22:55,760 --> 05:22:57,120 BECOMING AMENERRYIC AND SOME 8651 05:22:57,120 --> 05:22:58,560 TISSUE REGRESSION AND IN 8652 05:22:58,560 --> 05:23:01,080 TRANSGENDER WOMEN THAT INCLUDES 8653 05:23:01,080 --> 05:23:02,480 REGRESSION OF MALE PATTERN AND 8654 05:23:02,480 --> 05:23:04,240 TERMINAL CARE, MUSCLE MASS AND 8655 05:23:04,240 --> 05:23:09,120 THE ATROPHY IS LOSS OF 8656 05:23:09,120 --> 05:23:10,360 SPONTANEOUS EREKSS. 8657 05:23:10,360 --> 05:23:12,760 THE GOALS CLINICALLY ARE TO GET 8658 05:23:12,760 --> 05:23:14,840 TESTOSTERONE AND OAOF THE RADIOL 8659 05:23:14,840 --> 05:23:17,720 IN THE ADULT RANGE FOR 8660 05:23:17,720 --> 05:23:18,200 TRANSGENDER MANY. 8661 05:23:18,200 --> 05:23:20,440 IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT 8662 05:23:20,440 --> 05:23:22,560 TESTOSTERONE IS 10-20 FOLD 8663 05:23:22,560 --> 05:23:24,400 HIGHER IN MEN MAN IN WOMEN. 8664 05:23:24,400 --> 05:23:26,120 THAT'S WHAT WE SHOOT FOR, THAT'S 8665 05:23:26,120 --> 05:23:28,000 THE SAFEST AND PRODUCES THE 8666 05:23:28,000 --> 05:23:29,640 DESIRED EFFECTS, THAT DIRECTLY 8667 05:23:29,640 --> 05:23:30,960 INDUCES THE SECONDARY SEX 8668 05:23:30,960 --> 05:23:33,240 CHARACTERISTICS AND IT 8669 05:23:33,240 --> 05:23:37,480 SUPPRESSES TROAPINS IN INDUCE 8670 05:23:37,480 --> 05:23:37,920 QUIESCENCE. 8671 05:23:37,920 --> 05:23:40,280 SIGNALING AS YOU HEARD HAS A 8672 05:23:40,280 --> 05:23:43,680 RECEPTOR AND IT REDUCES TMPRSS2, 8673 05:23:43,680 --> 05:23:44,960 AND AS SPEAKER VS MENTIONED 8674 05:23:44,960 --> 05:23:47,200 THAT'S IMPORTANT IF IN TERMS OF 8675 05:23:47,200 --> 05:23:48,840 PRESENTATION OF SPIKE PROTEINS 8676 05:23:48,840 --> 05:23:53,000 TO THE ACE 2 RECEPTOR, AND 8677 05:23:53,000 --> 05:23:53,480 CLEARLY, ANDROGENS HAVE 8678 05:23:53,480 --> 05:23:57,440 MODULATION EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE 8679 05:23:57,440 --> 05:23:58,720 SYSTEM. 8680 05:23:58,720 --> 05:24:01,840 ADMINISTRATION'S USUALLY BY 8681 05:24:01,840 --> 05:24:03,280 TESTOSTERONE, AND SUBCUTANEOUS 8682 05:24:03,280 --> 05:24:04,600 INJECTIONS OR TRANSGERMAL 8683 05:24:04,600 --> 05:24:07,840 PATCHES OR GEL AND OCCASIONALLY 8684 05:24:07,840 --> 05:24:09,240 WITH SUBCUTANEOUS PELLETS AND IN 8685 05:24:09,240 --> 05:24:14,720 RISK FACTORS WITH ALL MEDS, 8686 05:24:14,720 --> 05:24:17,960 CONCERNS ABOUT THAT, 8687 05:24:17,960 --> 05:24:19,120 POLYCYTHEMIA, SLEEP 8688 05:24:19,120 --> 05:24:19,600 APPLICATIONSNIA AND 8689 05:24:19,600 --> 05:24:21,600 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN OLDER 8690 05:24:21,600 --> 05:24:21,960 MEN. 8691 05:24:21,960 --> 05:24:22,800 FOR TRANSGENDER WOMEN, THE GOAL 8692 05:24:22,800 --> 05:24:25,560 IS TO TRY TO MATCH PHYSIOLOGY IF 8693 05:24:25,560 --> 05:24:29,360 WE CAN SO ESTRADISCIPLINARY IOL 8694 05:24:29,360 --> 05:24:32,560 AND ADULT FEMALE PHYSIOLOGIC 8695 05:24:32,560 --> 05:24:32,800 RANGES. 8696 05:24:32,800 --> 05:24:34,080 IT'S TRICKIER WITH WOMEN BECAUSE 8697 05:24:34,080 --> 05:24:35,640 THEY CYCLE, SO WE TARGET IS DOWN 8698 05:24:35,640 --> 05:24:38,280 TO THE MIDPORTION OF NORMAL 8699 05:24:38,280 --> 05:24:40,680 CYCLIC EXCURSION, AGAIN THAT CAN 8700 05:24:40,680 --> 05:24:45,520 DIRECTLY INDUCE SECONDARY SEX 8701 05:24:45,520 --> 05:24:46,920 CHARACTERISTICS AND SUPPRESS 8702 05:24:46,920 --> 05:24:47,200 QUIESCENCE. 8703 05:24:47,200 --> 05:24:49,800 SIGNALING TO IS THE E. R. AND 8704 05:24:49,800 --> 05:24:51,200 ALPHA E. R. BETA RESOAPTORS AND 8705 05:24:51,200 --> 05:24:53,680 AGAIN AS WE HEARD, THERE'S 8706 05:24:53,680 --> 05:24:54,840 CERTAINLY MODULATION OF THE 8707 05:24:54,840 --> 05:24:57,440 IMMUNE SYSTEM WITH ESTROGEN 8708 05:24:57,440 --> 05:25:01,640 ADMINISTRATION, TYPICALLY MOST 8709 05:25:01,640 --> 05:25:04,520 COMMONLY ESTRADIOL BY ORAL, 8710 05:25:04,520 --> 05:25:08,280 INTRA VASCULAR, SUBDERNLAL 8711 05:25:08,280 --> 05:25:10,400 ROUTES, USUALLY TOGETHER WITH 8712 05:25:10,400 --> 05:25:11,080 ANTIANDROGEN TOASMLIFY THE 8713 05:25:11,080 --> 05:25:14,880 EFFECT OF THE SKIN, CLASSICALLY 8714 05:25:14,880 --> 05:25:18,200 CANNED WHAT OR 1 OF THE 5 REDUCT 8715 05:25:18,200 --> 05:25:24,120 ACE INHIBITORS OR ARAN TAGANIST 8716 05:25:24,120 --> 05:25:26,320 OR BREAST AUGMENTATION AND MOOD 8717 05:25:26,320 --> 05:25:27,120 EFFECTS. 8718 05:25:27,120 --> 05:25:31,840 RISKS, A BIG 1 IN THE ROOM IS 8719 05:25:31,840 --> 05:25:34,600 VENOUS THROMBOLLIC EVENTS AND 8720 05:25:34,600 --> 05:25:38,240 SOME HYPER TRIGLYCERIDE 8721 05:25:38,240 --> 05:25:38,520 CONCERNS. 8722 05:25:38,520 --> 05:25:39,760 THERAPY IS LIFE LONG BECAUSE 8723 05:25:39,760 --> 05:25:41,200 THIS PATIENT POPULATION WILL BE 8724 05:25:41,200 --> 05:25:42,600 EXPOSED FOR IT THEIR ENTIRE 8725 05:25:42,600 --> 05:25:46,040 LIFE, THEY WILL BE AT RISK WHEN 8726 05:25:46,040 --> 05:25:48,040 INFECTIOUS DISEASES COME UP ON 8727 05:25:48,040 --> 05:25:51,320 THE NEXT PANDEMIC COMES LOOK. 8728 05:25:51,320 --> 05:25:54,240 IT'S MODIFIED FOLLOWING 8729 05:25:54,240 --> 05:25:55,720 GONADECTOMY, AND CERTAINLY IN 8730 05:25:55,720 --> 05:25:58,440 TRANSWOMEN WE CAN LOWER ESTROGEN 8731 05:25:58,440 --> 05:26:01,320 DOSES AND STOP THE ANDROGENS. 8732 05:26:01,320 --> 05:26:04,280 TO PENTACLELY CAN LOWER 8733 05:26:04,280 --> 05:26:05,800 TESTOSTERONE BUT IT STILL HAS TO 8734 05:26:05,800 --> 05:26:08,000 BE MAINTAINED IN THE UPPER 8735 05:26:08,000 --> 05:26:08,920 RANGE, PHYSIO LODGE CAKE RANGE 8736 05:26:08,920 --> 05:26:10,440 THAT MEN HAVE, AND THE LONG-TERM 8737 05:26:10,440 --> 05:26:19,320 RISKS AND BENEFITS ARE 8738 05:26:19,320 --> 05:26:20,200 REMARKABLILY UNDERSTUDIED. 8739 05:26:20,200 --> 05:26:22,640 IF THERAPY IS DISCONTINUED, IN 8740 05:26:22,640 --> 05:26:24,720 TERMS OF PHYSIOLOGY, THERE'S 8741 05:26:24,720 --> 05:26:27,440 SOME, THE ANATOMIC CHANGES ARE 8742 05:26:27,440 --> 05:26:29,080 PERMANENT SO VOCAL CORD 8743 05:26:29,080 --> 05:26:30,480 LENGTHENING AND PHALLIC GROWTH 8744 05:26:30,480 --> 05:26:33,160 WILL NOT REGRESS DRAMATICALLY, 8745 05:26:33,160 --> 05:26:33,800 CERTAINLY VOCAL CORCORDS WON'T 8746 05:26:33,800 --> 05:26:36,920 CHANGE BUT THERE ARE REVERSIBLE 8747 05:26:36,920 --> 05:26:38,640 CHANGES AND REPRODUCTIVE BODY 8748 05:26:38,640 --> 05:26:40,720 CHANGES AND TERMINAL HAIR GROWTH 8749 05:26:40,720 --> 05:26:42,000 WILL REGRESS TO PRETREATMENT 8750 05:26:42,000 --> 05:26:43,120 LEVELS EVENT YULGLY, AND 8751 05:26:43,120 --> 05:26:45,640 CERTAINLY SUGGESTS THAT THE 8752 05:26:45,640 --> 05:26:48,280 EFFECTS OF THESE SEX STEROIDS 8753 05:26:48,280 --> 05:26:50,760 ARE MODIFIABLE. 8754 05:26:50,760 --> 05:26:52,400 THERE IS REMARKABLY FEW DATA. 8755 05:26:52,400 --> 05:26:55,560 I FOUND A SINGLE CLINICAL REPORT 8756 05:26:55,560 --> 05:26:57,960 REGUARDING SPECIFICALLY, GENDER 8757 05:26:57,960 --> 05:27:01,480 AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY AND 8758 05:27:01,480 --> 05:27:03,440 COVID-19 INCIDENTS AS A SINGLE 8759 05:27:03,440 --> 05:27:06,000 CROSS SECTIONAL WEB BASED SURVEY 8760 05:27:06,000 --> 05:27:07,680 IN ISTANBUL OF 238 SUBJECTS. 8761 05:27:07,680 --> 05:27:12,680 ALL HAD PC R CONFIRMED COVID-19, 8762 05:27:12,680 --> 05:27:16,360 MEAN AGE OF 27 AND 15% OF THE 8763 05:27:16,360 --> 05:27:19,040 3-QUARTERS THAT WERE TRANSGENDER 8764 05:27:19,040 --> 05:27:22,480 MEN, COVID VERSUS 5% OF THE 8765 05:27:22,480 --> 05:27:24,640 QUARTER THAT WAS TRANSGENDER 8766 05:27:24,640 --> 05:27:27,200 WOMEN, FOR AN AUDRATIO OF 3.46. 8767 05:27:27,200 --> 05:27:27,800 ANOTHER INTERESTING FIND FREE 8768 05:27:27,800 --> 05:27:28,920 RADICALS GENERATED THIS STUDY 8769 05:27:28,920 --> 05:27:31,240 WAS THE DURATION OF TESTOSTERONE 8770 05:27:31,240 --> 05:27:32,680 THERAPY IN THE MEN WHO WERE 8771 05:27:32,680 --> 05:27:35,080 POSITIVE WAS LONGER THAN IT WAS 8772 05:27:35,080 --> 05:27:40,560 WHEN THEY WERE NEGATIVES. 8773 05:27:40,560 --> 05:27:41,560 SO IT CERTAINLY RAISES THE 8774 05:27:41,560 --> 05:27:43,960 QUESTION AND SUPPORTS THAT 8775 05:27:43,960 --> 05:27:46,320 QUESTION, OUR TEST OFTWROAN AND 8776 05:27:46,320 --> 05:27:48,640 MEDIATED INFECTATIVITY, BUT THIS 8777 05:27:48,640 --> 05:27:53,680 IS WOEFULLY LACKING IN TERMS OF 8778 05:27:53,680 --> 05:27:54,360 GOOD HARD DATA. 8779 05:27:54,360 --> 05:27:56,520 I COULD FIND NO SPECIFIC DATA 8780 05:27:56,520 --> 05:27:57,720 SPECIFICALLY ABOUT GENDER 8781 05:27:57,720 --> 05:27:59,360 HORMONE THERAPIES AND 8782 05:27:59,360 --> 05:28:02,080 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFLUENZA OR 8783 05:28:02,080 --> 05:28:04,280 SPECIFICALLY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO 8784 05:28:04,280 --> 05:28:07,440 HIV, THERE'S A LARGE LITERATURE 8785 05:28:07,440 --> 05:28:09,200 ABOUT HIV IN THIS POPULATION BUT 8786 05:28:09,200 --> 05:28:11,040 NOT SPECIFICALLY WITH RESPECT TO 8787 05:28:11,040 --> 05:28:16,040 RISK FOR IT AND HORMONES. 8788 05:28:16,040 --> 05:28:18,000 SO, MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS 8789 05:28:18,000 --> 05:28:19,400 THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS WE NEED 8790 05:28:19,400 --> 05:28:23,360 TO ASK WITH RESPECT TO THIS 8791 05:28:23,360 --> 05:28:28,560 SPECIFIC APPLICATION. 8792 05:28:28,560 --> 05:28:30,080 SO DOES GAHT AFFECT RISK OF 8793 05:28:30,080 --> 05:28:32,200 INFECTION AND SERIES 8794 05:28:32,200 --> 05:28:33,880 POINTSERRITY AS WELL AS 8795 05:28:33,880 --> 05:28:36,280 COMPARISONS TO BOTH CISGENDER 8796 05:28:36,280 --> 05:28:38,520 MEN AND WOMEN ASETH POSITIVE AND 8797 05:28:38,520 --> 05:28:38,960 NEGATIVE CONTROLS. 8798 05:28:38,960 --> 05:28:42,160 SO WE HAVE WAYS TO MAKE 8799 05:28:42,160 --> 05:28:44,480 COMPARISONS TO TRY TO 8800 05:28:44,480 --> 05:28:46,640 DISENTANGLE THE SPECIFIC HORMONE 8801 05:28:46,640 --> 05:28:48,520 EFFECTS BOTH FROM THE NATAL 8802 05:28:48,520 --> 05:28:50,320 GENETIC EFFECTS AND POTENTIALLY 8803 05:28:50,320 --> 05:28:54,360 FROM SOME SOCIAL EFFECTS. 8804 05:28:54,360 --> 05:28:56,240 DOES THE DURATION AND TYPE OF 8805 05:28:56,240 --> 05:28:59,800 THERAPY RASKT THAT RISK IF IT'S 8806 05:28:59,800 --> 05:29:00,000 REAL. 8807 05:29:00,000 --> 05:29:00,640 >> DOES CESSATION AFFAIRS TEAM 8808 05:29:00,640 --> 05:29:01,240 LEADERRER THR ACTIVITIES AND 8809 05:29:01,240 --> 05:29:03,600 PROJECTSY OVER THE COURSE, SO 8810 05:29:03,600 --> 05:29:05,240 OPPOSE TO ACTUALLY ADDING 8811 05:29:05,240 --> 05:29:06,320 SOMETHING, CAN TAKING SOMETHING 8812 05:29:06,320 --> 05:29:07,840 AWAY MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN TERMS 8813 05:29:07,840 --> 05:29:10,960 OF OUTCOMES AND FINALLY, CAN WE 8814 05:29:10,960 --> 05:29:12,920 DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPIES BASED ON 8815 05:29:12,920 --> 05:29:13,440 THE POTENTIAL PATHWAYS. 8816 05:29:13,440 --> 05:29:15,360 AND YOU KNOW THE CLINICAL TRIAL 8817 05:29:15,360 --> 05:29:17,160 SO FAR HAVE LOOKED AT A COUPLE 8818 05:29:17,160 --> 05:29:20,400 OF DIFFERENT THINGS BUT ARE 8819 05:29:20,400 --> 05:29:21,960 THERE SELECTIVE ANDROGEN 8820 05:29:21,960 --> 05:29:23,960 MODULATORS OR ESTROGEN RECEPTOR 8821 05:29:23,960 --> 05:29:26,160 MODULATORS THAT CAN MODIFY THAT 8822 05:29:26,160 --> 05:29:27,720 RECEPTOR BASE SIGNALING AND 8823 05:29:27,720 --> 05:29:29,840 EFFECT BOTH THE INFECTATIVITY 8824 05:29:29,840 --> 05:29:34,840 AND THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL 8825 05:29:34,840 --> 05:29:35,760 COURSE OF COVID-19. 8826 05:29:35,760 --> 05:29:36,280 >> TWO MINUTES LEFT. 8827 05:29:36,280 --> 05:29:40,080 >> AND WHAT ARE THE NETEFFECTS 8828 05:29:40,080 --> 05:29:43,880 ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF ANY OF 8829 05:29:43,880 --> 05:29:45,840 THESE THERAPIES OR OF 8830 05:29:45,840 --> 05:29:51,080 INSTITUTING OR WITHDRAWING 8831 05:29:51,080 --> 05:29:52,120 HORMONE THERAPY SPECIFICALLY. 8832 05:29:52,120 --> 05:29:53,520 SO WITH THAT, THE FINAL TAKE 8833 05:29:53,520 --> 05:29:56,240 HOME MESSAGE WITH THIS, AGAIN 8834 05:29:56,240 --> 05:30:00,720 VERY SHORT ON DATA IS CAN WE USE 8835 05:30:00,720 --> 05:30:02,720 THE APPLICATION OF GENDER 8836 05:30:02,720 --> 05:30:03,440 AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPIES AND 8837 05:30:03,440 --> 05:30:04,560 THE HAVES WHO CHOOSE TO TAKE 8838 05:30:04,560 --> 05:30:06,720 THEM AS A TYPE OF NATURAL 8839 05:30:06,720 --> 05:30:08,960 EXPERIMENT WITH WHICH TO EXPLORE 8840 05:30:08,960 --> 05:30:10,480 GENDER BASED DIFFERENCES AND 8841 05:30:10,480 --> 05:30:11,960 DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND 8842 05:30:11,960 --> 05:30:13,880 OUTCOMES PEDEIATED THROUGH SEX 8843 05:30:13,880 --> 05:30:14,240 STEROIDS. 8844 05:30:14,240 --> 05:30:16,240 BECAUSE THERE'S A SUBSTANTIAL 8845 05:30:16,240 --> 05:30:18,520 POPULATION WHO CHOOSE TO BE ON 8846 05:30:18,520 --> 05:30:21,440 THESE THERAPIES AND WE HAVE A 8847 05:30:21,440 --> 05:30:31,800 LARGE BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE 8848 05:30:31,800 --> 05:30:32,240 CONTROL POPULATION. 8849 05:30:32,240 --> 05:30:34,360 AND WITH THAT I FINISHED WITHIN 8850 05:30:34,360 --> 05:30:34,800 MINUTE EARLY. 8851 05:30:34,800 --> 05:30:38,320 >> THERE ARE MULTIPLE QUESTIONS, 8852 05:30:38,320 --> 05:30:40,360 ACTUALLY, SO, I THINK THAT IT 8853 05:30:40,360 --> 05:30:41,840 WOULD BE IMPORTANT FOR THOSE WHO 8854 05:30:41,840 --> 05:30:43,280 WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN THESE 8855 05:30:43,280 --> 05:30:44,880 LAIFLY DISCUSSIONS TO JOIN US 8856 05:30:44,880 --> 05:30:47,680 DURING OUR BREAK OUT SESSIONS 8857 05:30:47,680 --> 05:30:48,160 TOMORROW. 8858 05:30:48,160 --> 05:30:56,440 SO LET ME JUST START FIRST WITH 8859 05:30:56,440 --> 05:31:06,880 A QUESTION FOR BABBETTE. 8860 05:31:08,200 --> 05:31:08,520 JUST SCROLL UP. 8861 05:31:08,520 --> 05:31:08,840 HOLD ON. 8862 05:31:08,840 --> 05:31:11,440 THERE YOU GO. 8863 05:31:11,440 --> 05:31:13,040 BABBETTE, A DIVERSE POOL IS 8864 05:31:13,040 --> 05:31:14,440 INCLUDING FOSTER NURSED FOCUSED 8865 05:31:14,440 --> 05:31:16,880 ON LIPIT ANTIBODIES CAN INCREASE 8866 05:31:16,880 --> 05:31:19,200 RISK OF PREELAMPSIA, AND WE KNOW 8867 05:31:19,200 --> 05:31:20,960 COVID TRIGGERS B-CELL MATURATION 8868 05:31:20,960 --> 05:31:23,120 TAKEN--THEY BYPASSES THE 8869 05:31:23,120 --> 05:31:24,880 GERMINAL CENTER AND AUTOANTIBODY 8870 05:31:24,880 --> 05:31:25,240 PRODUCTION. 8871 05:31:25,240 --> 05:31:28,920 THIS IS THE QUESTION FROM 8872 05:31:28,920 --> 05:31:30,080 [INDISCERNIBLE], WOULD YOU 8873 05:31:30,080 --> 05:31:32,840 COMMENT ON THE POTENTIAL 8874 05:31:32,840 --> 05:31:33,800 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THESE 2 8875 05:31:33,800 --> 05:31:41,600 CONCEPTS IN THE CONTEXT OF 8876 05:31:41,600 --> 05:31:44,200 COVID? 8877 05:31:44,200 --> 05:31:45,600 >> OKAY, SO, WITH THE LACK OF 8878 05:31:45,600 --> 05:31:48,360 KNOWLEDGE THAT WE HAVE IN WHAT 8879 05:31:48,360 --> 05:31:51,360 MAY STIMULATE THE AUTOANTIBODIES 8880 05:31:51,360 --> 05:31:53,240 IN COVID, SO I THINK THAT YOU'RE 8881 05:31:53,240 --> 05:31:55,800 REFERRING TO THE PROCESS OF 8882 05:31:55,800 --> 05:32:00,360 B-CELL MATURATION BETWEEN B1 AND 8883 05:32:00,360 --> 05:32:03,160 B2 IN WHICH THE B1S DO NOT 8884 05:32:03,160 --> 05:32:04,560 MATURE IN THE GERMINAL CENTERS 8885 05:32:04,560 --> 05:32:07,400 SO I THINK IT'S A REALLY 8886 05:32:07,400 --> 05:32:08,920 INTERESTING QUESTION AND THERE 8887 05:32:08,920 --> 05:32:10,240 ARE--THERE IS 1 OR 2 8888 05:32:10,240 --> 05:32:14,560 PUBLICATIONS OUT THERE THAT HAS 8889 05:32:14,560 --> 05:32:18,000 SHOWN THAT B1 CELLS DO PRODUCE 8890 05:32:18,000 --> 05:32:19,040 OBVIOUSLY ANTIBODIES. 8891 05:32:19,040 --> 05:32:22,120 THEY ARE NOT THE 1S THAT ARE 8892 05:32:22,120 --> 05:32:23,200 MEMORY ASSOCIATED ANTIBODIES SO 8893 05:32:23,200 --> 05:32:26,080 THEY'RE NOT THE 1S THAT STAY 8894 05:32:26,080 --> 05:32:28,560 AROUND YOU KNOW FOR YEARS AT A 8895 05:32:28,560 --> 05:32:28,840 TIME. 8896 05:32:28,840 --> 05:32:33,360 THEY'RE NOT THE 1S THAT YOU 8897 05:32:33,360 --> 05:32:34,720 TRADITIONALLY THINK OF WHEN YOU 8898 05:32:34,720 --> 05:32:36,040 RAISE AN ANTIBODY TO SOMETHING, 8899 05:32:36,040 --> 05:32:38,960 THOSE ARE NOT B-1 CELLS, THOSE 8900 05:32:38,960 --> 05:32:41,200 COME FROM B2 CELLS SO THOSE ARE 8901 05:32:41,200 --> 05:32:42,400 MORE NATURALLY OCCURRING 8902 05:32:42,400 --> 05:32:45,120 ANTIBODIES, SO, I THINK IN THE 8903 05:32:45,120 --> 05:32:47,360 CASE, I THINK IT'S A REALLY 8904 05:32:47,360 --> 05:32:49,520 INTERESTING POINT, IN THE CASE 8905 05:32:49,520 --> 05:32:50,320 OF THE AUTOANTIBODY ITSELF 8906 05:32:50,320 --> 05:32:53,120 THOUGH BECAUSE WE KNOW THIS IS A 8907 05:32:53,120 --> 05:32:54,960 LONG-TERM MEMORY RESPONSE THAT 8908 05:32:54,960 --> 05:32:56,680 OCCURS IN WOMEN WITH REELAMPSIA 8909 05:32:56,680 --> 05:32:58,760 WITH PATIENTS THAT ARE 8910 05:32:58,760 --> 05:32:59,400 RECOVERING FROM COVID. 8911 05:32:59,400 --> 05:33:01,680 I BELIEVE THAT IT--IN BOTH 8912 05:33:01,680 --> 05:33:03,760 DISEASES ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED 8913 05:33:03,760 --> 05:33:04,600 WITH T-CELL ACTIVATION, I 8914 05:33:04,600 --> 05:33:09,120 BELIEVE THIS IS A T-CELL 8915 05:33:09,120 --> 05:33:09,560 MEDIATED RESPONSE. 8916 05:33:09,560 --> 05:33:12,400 AND I THINK THAT THAT'S A REALLY 8917 05:33:12,400 --> 05:33:13,600 IMPORTANT POINT. 8918 05:33:13,600 --> 05:33:15,200 PLUS THE EABT ANTIBODIES THAT 8919 05:33:15,200 --> 05:33:19,000 COME FROM B-1 CELLS ARE AROUND 8920 05:33:19,000 --> 05:33:22,920 2% OF WHAT UF FIND IN THE NORMAL 8921 05:33:22,920 --> 05:33:24,560 CIRCULATORY AMOUNT OF ANTIBODIES 8922 05:33:24,560 --> 05:33:27,600 THAT NORMAL PEOPLE PRODUCE, EVEN 8923 05:33:27,600 --> 05:33:28,320 DURING A--BITS INFLAMMATORY 8924 05:33:28,320 --> 05:33:30,040 RESPONSE, THEY'RE A SMALLER 8925 05:33:30,040 --> 05:33:33,360 FRACTION OF TOTAL IGGs 8926 05:33:33,360 --> 05:33:34,920 WHEREAS--WHEREAS THE 1S THAT ARE 8927 05:33:34,920 --> 05:33:36,000 PRODUCED FROM--AND THE 8928 05:33:36,000 --> 05:33:40,400 POPULATION OF THESE SEALS, IN 8929 05:33:40,400 --> 05:33:42,680 RESPONSE TO AN INFLAMMATORY 8930 05:33:42,680 --> 05:33:47,680 RESPONSE ARE REALLY AROUND 70% 8931 05:33:47,680 --> 05:33:50,120 B2s AND 70% B2 ANTIBODIES, --I 8932 05:33:50,120 --> 05:33:51,080 HOPE THAT ANSWERS YOUR QUESTION, 8933 05:33:51,080 --> 05:33:52,400 I THINK IT'S A REALLY IMPORTANT 8934 05:33:52,400 --> 05:33:54,400 POINT AND I THINK IT'S SOMETHING 8935 05:33:54,400 --> 05:33:56,680 THAT DESERVES FURTHER 8936 05:33:56,680 --> 05:33:57,040 INVESTIGATION. 8937 05:33:57,040 --> 05:33:59,120 AND YOU KNOW MAYBE HOPEFULLY WE 8938 05:33:59,120 --> 05:34:00,240 CAN--WE CAN ENTERTAIN SOME OF 8939 05:34:00,240 --> 05:34:01,400 THOSE QUESTIONS THAT YOU HAVE. 8940 05:34:01,400 --> 05:34:05,080 I THINK IT'S GOOD. 8941 05:34:05,080 --> 05:34:07,760 SPHWHRKS THERE'S ALSO ANOTHER 8942 05:34:07,760 --> 05:34:08,480 GOOD LECTURE QUESTION. 8943 05:34:08,480 --> 05:34:11,280 I THINK I KNOW THE ANSWER BUT I 8944 05:34:11,280 --> 05:34:12,920 THINK YOU ARE THE EXPERT IN THE 8945 05:34:12,920 --> 05:34:16,360 FIELD SO PLEASE IF YOU CAN 8946 05:34:16,360 --> 05:34:19,200 ADDRESS THIS. 8947 05:34:19,200 --> 05:34:21,200 HOW MIGHT WE BLOCK THE 8948 05:34:21,200 --> 05:34:22,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] ASPECT BODY? 8949 05:34:22,280 --> 05:34:23,800 >> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD 1 YEAH, 8950 05:34:23,800 --> 05:34:27,560 THAT'S THE GREAT QUESTION. 8951 05:34:27,560 --> 05:34:28,880 ACTUALLY, SO, THE EAMENT 8952 05:34:28,880 --> 05:34:31,200 ANTIBODY BINDS TO THE ANGIO 8953 05:34:31,200 --> 05:34:33,400 TENSEIN 2 RECEPTOR AND WE CAN'T 8954 05:34:33,400 --> 05:34:34,880 INHIBIT ANY NORMAL READ OR 8955 05:34:34,880 --> 05:34:36,320 DURING THIS SYSTEM DURING 8956 05:34:36,320 --> 05:34:36,920 PREGNANCY BECAUSE IT'S SO 8957 05:34:36,920 --> 05:34:38,840 IMPORTANT FOR A NORMAL PREGNANCY 8958 05:34:38,840 --> 05:34:48,240 AS WELL FOR FETAL DEVELOPMENT SO 8959 05:34:48,240 --> 05:34:50,160 WHAT WE HAVE DONE IS LOWER THE 8960 05:34:50,160 --> 05:34:52,240 DRULGS IN THE AUTOIMMUNE 8961 05:34:52,240 --> 05:34:54,760 DESODERS BUT WAWE'VE DONE IN 8962 05:34:54,760 --> 05:34:56,040 JACKSON IS FORMULATED A PEPTIDE 8963 05:34:56,040 --> 05:34:57,480 THAT BINDS TO THE REGION OF THE 8964 05:34:57,480 --> 05:34:59,120 ANTIBODY AND WE USED IT IN 8965 05:34:59,120 --> 05:35:01,400 SEVERAL OF OUR ANIMAL MODELS AND 8966 05:35:01,400 --> 05:35:03,440 WE DO IT IN OUR INVITRO SYSTEM 8967 05:35:03,440 --> 05:35:04,960 IN WHICH WE TESTED AGAINST FREE 8968 05:35:04,960 --> 05:35:07,000 RADICALS ANTIBODY AND IT BINDS 8969 05:35:07,000 --> 05:35:09,040 TO THE EPITOPE BINDING REGION 8970 05:35:09,040 --> 05:35:11,080 AND IT INHIBITS THE ACTIVATION 8971 05:35:11,080 --> 05:35:12,560 OF THE ANTIBODY. 8972 05:35:12,560 --> 05:35:15,840 IT ACTUALLY SURVIVES WITHIN THE 8973 05:35:15,840 --> 05:35:18,760 CIRCULATION FOR ABOUT 7 DAYS AND 8974 05:35:18,760 --> 05:35:21,640 CAN KEEP THE ACTIVITY OF THE 8975 05:35:21,640 --> 05:35:24,440 ANTIBODY AT A MUCH LOWER LEVEL 8976 05:35:24,440 --> 05:35:25,920 FOR ABOUT 7 DAYS IN THE 8977 05:35:25,920 --> 05:35:28,640 CIRCULATION, SO WE'RE HOPING 8978 05:35:28,640 --> 05:35:33,000 THAT WE CAN PROGRESS WITH THAT 8979 05:35:33,000 --> 05:35:35,080 PEPTIDE AND HOPEFULLY MAKE IT 8980 05:35:35,080 --> 05:35:35,640 MORE CLINICALLY ATTRACTIVE. 8981 05:35:35,640 --> 05:35:38,040 RIGHT NOW WE HAVE TO USE IT AT A 8982 05:35:38,040 --> 05:35:38,480 CONSTANT RATE. 8983 05:35:38,480 --> 05:35:39,800 SO RIGHT NOW WE'RE DOING 8984 05:35:39,800 --> 05:35:41,680 MANIPULATIONS AND WE CAN MAKE IT 8985 05:35:41,680 --> 05:35:43,000 CLINICALLY ATTRACTIVE SO I THINK 8986 05:35:43,000 --> 05:35:46,200 IT GD COULD BE VERY BENEFICIAL 8987 05:35:46,200 --> 05:35:48,040 FOR PREVIOUSLY PREELA.IC WOMEN 8988 05:35:48,040 --> 05:35:49,360 AS WELL AS THESE PATIENTS THAT 8989 05:35:49,360 --> 05:35:53,200 ARE RECOVERING FROM COVID THAT 8990 05:35:53,200 --> 05:35:54,960 HAVE THAT ARE PRODUCING THE 8991 05:35:54,960 --> 05:35:56,920 ANTIBODY AS AS WELL. 8992 05:35:56,920 --> 05:35:58,120 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 8993 05:35:58,120 --> 05:36:04,080 NEXT QUESTION IS FROM YOGEN FOR 8994 05:36:04,080 --> 05:36:04,400 LICY. 8995 05:36:04,400 --> 05:36:06,960 WHAT ARE IMAGES ARE IMPACT BIDE 8996 05:36:06,960 --> 05:36:07,560 ANDROGENS? 8997 05:36:07,560 --> 05:36:10,800 ARE THEY HARMONIZING FEATURES, 8998 05:36:10,800 --> 05:36:13,760 EG AND THE ENDOTHELIAL/SMOOTH 8999 05:36:13,760 --> 05:36:14,920 MUSCLE EPITHELIAL, THAT MIGHT 9000 05:36:14,920 --> 05:36:23,840 INFORM THE UNDER LYING BIOLOGY? 9001 05:36:23,840 --> 05:36:24,960 >> YES, VERY INTERESTING, WE 9002 05:36:24,960 --> 05:36:26,800 HAVEN'T SEPARATE THE WHOLE 9003 05:36:26,800 --> 05:36:28,520 TISSUE, KIDNEY AND SO ON SO 9004 05:36:28,520 --> 05:36:30,920 THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT QUESTION, 9005 05:36:30,920 --> 05:36:33,040 THAT NEED TO BE ANSWERED IN THE 9006 05:36:33,040 --> 05:36:34,680 FUTURE, AND WE CHARGE THE CELLS 9007 05:36:34,680 --> 05:36:36,880 THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE 9008 05:36:36,880 --> 05:36:45,160 CHANGES IN ACE 2 AND PROTEINS IN 9009 05:36:45,160 --> 05:36:46,040 EACH TISSUE THANK YOU VERY MUCH 9010 05:36:46,040 --> 05:36:47,480 AND NOW THE QUESTION FOR JOHN 9011 05:36:47,480 --> 05:36:49,440 RABD ORDER OF MICRONS, WHAT 9012 05:36:49,440 --> 05:36:52,480 CESSATION OF THERAPY DURING ANY 9013 05:36:52,480 --> 05:36:59,920 SEVERE ILLNESS AFFECT THROMBOSIS 9014 05:36:59,920 --> 05:37:00,760 RISK? 9015 05:37:00,760 --> 05:37:06,400 >> SO I'M ASSUMING ESTROGEN OR 9016 05:37:06,400 --> 05:37:07,240 ANDROGENS. 9017 05:37:07,240 --> 05:37:10,880 I DON'T KNOW IF SOMEBODY'S ON 9018 05:37:10,880 --> 05:37:17,840 ESTROGEN, YOU EXPECT WITHDRAWAL 9019 05:37:17,840 --> 05:37:20,440 WOULD AFFECT THROMBOTIC RISK. 9020 05:37:20,440 --> 05:37:22,320 BUT WITH ALL THE ESTROGEN 9021 05:37:22,320 --> 05:37:26,200 THERAPY YOU WOULD EXPECT WOULD 9022 05:37:26,200 --> 05:37:27,680 HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT; OKAY. 9023 05:37:27,680 --> 05:37:31,520 SO THERE IS 1 INTERESTING 9024 05:37:31,520 --> 05:37:39,240 QUESTION ON QUESTION AND ANSWER, 9025 05:37:39,240 --> 05:37:44,680 PLATFORM WHICH I THINK IT GOES 9026 05:37:44,680 --> 05:37:46,600 AS FOLLOW OS, IS THERE REASON TO 9027 05:37:46,600 --> 05:37:48,960 BELIEVE THAT HEST ROUGH ATOM 9028 05:37:48,960 --> 05:37:51,800 GENS OR PROGESTERONES ARE MORE 9029 05:37:51,800 --> 05:37:54,240 BENEFICIAL THAN COVID-19 THAN 9030 05:37:54,240 --> 05:37:58,800 TREATMENT WITH CONVENTIONAL 9031 05:37:58,800 --> 05:37:59,160 ANTIINFLAMMATORY 9032 05:37:59,160 --> 05:37:59,680 IMMUNOMODULATORY STEROID 9033 05:37:59,680 --> 05:38:01,200 TREATMENTS IN OTHER WORDS ARE 9034 05:38:01,200 --> 05:38:06,920 THEY JUST SEEING THE GENERIC 9035 05:38:06,920 --> 05:38:07,520 ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECT THEY 9036 05:38:07,520 --> 05:38:09,520 TEND TO HAVE OR SPECIFIC 9037 05:38:09,520 --> 05:38:14,800 BENEFITS TO THE USE OF THESE 9038 05:38:14,800 --> 05:38:17,480 PARTICULAR STEROIDS? 9039 05:38:17,480 --> 05:38:17,960 INTERESTING QUESTION. 9040 05:38:17,960 --> 05:38:20,800 >> I THINK THIS QUESTION IS FOR 9041 05:38:20,800 --> 05:38:21,000 ME. 9042 05:38:21,000 --> 05:38:29,320 I THINK THE EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL 9043 05:38:29,320 --> 05:38:33,040 AND ROUGH ATOM JESTERON AND 9044 05:38:33,040 --> 05:38:34,000 IMMUNO REGULATOR WITHOUT 9045 05:38:34,000 --> 05:38:35,280 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, THAT'S A BIG 9046 05:38:35,280 --> 05:38:36,840 FACTOR IF THEY WORK BECAUSE WE 9047 05:38:36,840 --> 05:38:37,440 DON'T KNOW YET. 9048 05:38:37,440 --> 05:38:41,520 BUT IF THEY WORK, IT WOULD BE AN 9049 05:38:41,520 --> 05:38:43,400 IMMUNO MODULATION, LIGHT 9050 05:38:43,400 --> 05:38:45,840 ANTIINFLAMMATORY SELECTION AND 9051 05:38:45,840 --> 05:38:49,720 WITHOUT THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION OF 9052 05:38:49,720 --> 05:38:50,800 GLUCOCORD KOIDS. 9053 05:38:50,800 --> 05:38:53,320 >> I CAN-- 9054 05:38:53,320 --> 05:38:54,400 >> YEAH, WITHOUT THE RISK OF 9055 05:38:54,400 --> 05:38:56,200 INFECTION IN THE LONG-TERM. 9056 05:38:56,200 --> 05:38:58,120 >> YEAH, I CAN ADD TO THAT IF 9057 05:38:58,120 --> 05:39:03,840 THAT'S OKAY, I KNOW THAT IN 9058 05:39:03,840 --> 05:39:05,560 PREGNANCY, WITH PROGESTERONE AS 9059 05:39:05,560 --> 05:39:08,160 DR. JARVIS WAS MENTIONING IT CAN 9060 05:39:08,160 --> 05:39:10,400 BEANIN FLAMMATORY BUT IT CAN BE 9061 05:39:10,400 --> 05:39:13,960 A DILLATTORY AGENT AND SO THEY 9062 05:39:13,960 --> 05:39:14,480 ADMINISTER PROGESTERONE 9063 05:39:14,480 --> 05:39:17,840 SOMETIMES TO WOMEN THAT ARE 9064 05:39:17,840 --> 05:39:18,680 UNDER GOING SUBSEQUENT PRETERM 9065 05:39:18,680 --> 05:39:22,560 LABOR TO STOP THE LABOR AND SO, 9066 05:39:22,560 --> 05:39:25,480 I THINK THAT IT HAS, I THINK 9067 05:39:25,480 --> 05:39:28,360 PROGESTERONE HAS ARK ADDITIONAL 9068 05:39:28,360 --> 05:39:29,400 BENEFITS, YOU KNOW OUTSIDE OF 9069 05:39:29,400 --> 05:39:33,160 WHAT WE JUST SEE WITH YOUR OTHER 9070 05:39:33,160 --> 05:39:35,680 COTTERRIC O STEROIDS AS WELL. 9071 05:39:35,680 --> 05:39:38,920 GO AHEAD DR. SHAH, I'M SORRY I 9072 05:39:38,920 --> 05:39:39,280 INTERRUPTED YOU. 9073 05:39:39,280 --> 05:39:41,840 >> SO JUST TO ADD TO THAT, 9074 05:39:41,840 --> 05:39:43,880 FOCUSED ON PROGESTERONE HAS 9075 05:39:43,880 --> 05:39:45,120 IMMUNO MODULATED PROPERTIES AND 9076 05:39:45,120 --> 05:39:49,080 IT HAS SHOWN INFLUENZ IN SECTION 9077 05:39:49,080 --> 05:39:52,440 THAT AGAIN PREVENT THE INFLUENZ 9078 05:39:52,440 --> 05:39:53,800 THAT'S PROTECTED FOR INFLUENZA 9079 05:39:53,800 --> 05:39:55,520 HOWEVER IN ANIMAL MODEL THERE IS 9080 05:39:55,520 --> 05:39:56,720 RESEARCH IN RAT MODELS AND IT 9081 05:39:56,720 --> 05:39:58,520 WASN'T SHOWN TO BE PROTECTIVE SO 9082 05:39:58,520 --> 05:40:01,680 IT WAS OPPOSITE RESULT. 9083 05:40:01,680 --> 05:40:02,840 SO, BUT I THINK RESEARCH NEEDS 9084 05:40:02,840 --> 05:40:04,600 TO BE DONE MORE WITH COVID-19 9085 05:40:04,600 --> 05:40:08,400 BUT IT'S POSSIBLE IT'S 9086 05:40:08,400 --> 05:40:09,800 BENEFICIAL. 9087 05:40:09,800 --> 05:40:11,200 JUST BECAUSE OF IMMUNOMODULATORY 9088 05:40:11,200 --> 05:40:18,600 PROPERTIES AND IT WAS ACTIONS 9089 05:40:18,600 --> 05:40:19,000 TOWARDS THE VIRUS. 9090 05:40:19,000 --> 05:40:20,240 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, I THINK 9091 05:40:20,240 --> 05:40:23,000 THERE IS ANOTHER QUESTION FOR 9092 05:40:23,000 --> 05:40:24,200 LICY, SHE'S TYPING THE ANSWER, 9093 05:40:24,200 --> 05:40:28,040 BUT YOU KNOW MAYBE SHE CAN 9094 05:40:28,040 --> 05:40:31,680 ADDRESS IT, YOU KNOW LIVE? 9095 05:40:31,680 --> 05:40:33,800 DO YOU KNOW IF YOUR CHANGES IN 9096 05:40:33,800 --> 05:40:36,400 ACE 2 PROTEIN RESULT IN 9097 05:40:36,400 --> 05:40:38,200 ALTERATIONS IN ANGIO DENSEIN 2 9098 05:40:38,200 --> 05:40:41,560 IN THE ORGANS INVESTIGATED MAYBE 9099 05:40:41,560 --> 05:40:42,840 ALSO BABBETTE CAN PROVIDE INPUT 9100 05:40:42,840 --> 05:40:45,400 ON THAT QUESTION AS WELL, SO 9101 05:40:45,400 --> 05:40:46,480 LICARE Y? 9102 05:40:46,480 --> 05:40:46,920 >> GREAT QUESTION. 9103 05:40:46,920 --> 05:40:48,680 SO THE SHORT ANSWER IS WE HAVE 9104 05:40:48,680 --> 05:40:50,800 NOT MEASURED LEVELS OF THE 9105 05:40:50,800 --> 05:40:52,320 PEPTIDES, AND WE ARE PLANNING TO 9106 05:40:52,320 --> 05:40:55,280 DO SO, SO WE DO BELIEVE THAT THE 9107 05:40:55,280 --> 05:40:59,160 UPREGULATION OF THE ACE 2 IS 9108 05:40:59,160 --> 05:41:00,840 PSYCHOCOMPENSATORY MECHANISM OF 9109 05:41:00,840 --> 05:41:02,160 THE CLASSICAL RAS, THAT WE SEE 9110 05:41:02,160 --> 05:41:04,680 IN OUR MODEL SO WE KNOW THAT IF 9111 05:41:04,680 --> 05:41:06,560 WE INHIBIT THE CLASSICAL 9112 05:41:06,560 --> 05:41:08,400 [INDISCERNIBLE] WE GET RID OF 9113 05:41:08,400 --> 05:41:10,000 THE INCREASES IN BLOOD PRESSURE 9114 05:41:10,000 --> 05:41:11,880 AND ACTUALLY IN THE OBESITY, 9115 05:41:11,880 --> 05:41:19,240 TOO, SO THE ACE 2 IS BECAUSE THE 9116 05:41:19,240 --> 05:41:20,280 CLASSICAL ARM IS--PLANNING TO 9117 05:41:20,280 --> 05:41:22,000 MEASURE THE PEPTIDE - AND SO FAR 9118 05:41:22,000 --> 05:41:26,040 WE HAVE NOT DONE IT YET. 9119 05:41:26,040 --> 05:41:32,480 >> YES, SO I AGREE WITH LICY, 9120 05:41:32,480 --> 05:41:34,600 BUT IN PREELAMPSIA IT'S 9121 05:41:34,600 --> 05:41:35,680 DIFFERENT, OUR OTHER COMPONENTS 9122 05:41:35,680 --> 05:41:37,680 OF THE SYSTEM ARE DOWN FOR THE 9123 05:41:37,680 --> 05:41:39,880 MOST PART COMPARED TO NORMAL 9124 05:41:39,880 --> 05:41:42,720 PREGNANT WOMEN. 9125 05:41:42,720 --> 05:41:43,760 EXCEPT FOR ACE 1 WHICH IS HIGHER 9126 05:41:43,760 --> 05:41:46,440 THAN WHAT YOU SEE IN NORMAL 9127 05:41:46,440 --> 05:41:48,680 PREGNANCY SO I AGREE A HUNDRED%, 9128 05:41:48,680 --> 05:41:49,440 THAT UPREGULATION OF THE 9129 05:41:49,440 --> 05:41:51,880 ACTIVITY OF ACE 2 THAT I SHOWED 9130 05:41:51,880 --> 05:41:54,520 FOR YOU TODAY, IS A COMP 9131 05:41:54,520 --> 05:41:58,320 PENSATORY RESPONSE AS WELL. 9132 05:41:58,320 --> 05:41:58,920 AND UNSUCCESSFUL COMPENSATORY 9133 05:41:58,920 --> 05:42:01,760 RESPONSE IN THE CASE OF 9134 05:42:01,760 --> 05:42:02,200 PREELAMPSIA. 9135 05:42:02,200 --> 05:42:05,760 I THINK THAT THE INTERACTION OF 9136 05:42:05,760 --> 05:42:07,640 AUTOANTIBODY THAT IS MADE, YOU 9137 05:42:07,640 --> 05:42:10,640 KNOW AROUND THE SECOND TRIMESTER 9138 05:42:10,640 --> 05:42:12,520 IN PREELAMPSIA WOMEN ACTIVATES 9139 05:42:12,520 --> 05:42:14,840 THE RECEPTOR AND CAUSES A LOT OF 9140 05:42:14,840 --> 05:42:15,440 CONFUSION IN REGULATORY 9141 05:42:15,440 --> 05:42:17,960 RESPONSES AND OTHER RESPONSES IN 9142 05:42:17,960 --> 05:42:19,520 THE ANGIO TENSEIN SYSTEMS DURING 9143 05:42:19,520 --> 05:42:20,920 PREGNANCY AND I THINK THAT THAT 9144 05:42:20,920 --> 05:42:22,200 JUST MUDDIES THE WATERS EVEN 9145 05:42:22,200 --> 05:42:32,720 MORE IN THE CASE OF THESE WOMEN. 9146 05:42:34,320 --> 05:42:37,160 THANK 9147 05:42:37,160 --> 05:42:38,480 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 9148 05:42:38,480 --> 05:42:40,200 THERE IS ANOTHER QUESTION FOR 9149 05:42:40,200 --> 05:42:41,120 FRANK AND JOHN. 9150 05:42:41,120 --> 05:42:42,560 AS YOU THINK AHEAD, WHAT DO YOU 9151 05:42:42,560 --> 05:42:47,400 TO ENGAGE WITH PATIENTS 9152 05:42:47,400 --> 05:42:49,200 RECEIVING GAHT FOR CLINICAL AND 9153 05:42:49,200 --> 05:42:51,120 MECHANIST BEING STUDIES WE HOPE 9154 05:42:51,120 --> 05:42:52,160 TO DISCUSS THIS TOMORROW IN THE 9155 05:42:52,160 --> 05:42:55,920 BREAK OUT SESSIONS BUT YOU KNOW 9156 05:42:55,920 --> 05:43:01,880 MAYBE YOU CAN JUST SET THE STAGE 9157 05:43:01,880 --> 05:43:07,280 AND FRAMEWORK FOR OUR SESSION 9158 05:43:07,280 --> 05:43:08,320 FOR TOMORROW AFTERNOON? 9159 05:43:08,320 --> 05:43:09,880 >> DO YOU TOPTD START FRANK. 9160 05:43:09,880 --> 05:43:10,640 >> I THINK THE WEB CONNECTED 9161 05:43:10,640 --> 05:43:12,240 QUESTION IS FOR YOU BECAUSE I 9162 05:43:12,240 --> 05:43:15,960 DID NOT--I THINK IT WAS RELATED 9163 05:43:15,960 --> 05:43:18,800 TO CROSS HORMONE THERAPY, WASN'T 9164 05:43:18,800 --> 05:43:19,240 IT? 9165 05:43:19,240 --> 05:43:21,200 >> EITHER HORMONES OR ANDROGEN 9166 05:43:21,200 --> 05:43:22,000 BLOCKING HER THAPY? 9167 05:43:22,000 --> 05:43:23,120 >> CAN YOU REPEAT THE BEGINNING 9168 05:43:23,120 --> 05:43:24,960 OF THE QUESTION WHAT CAN YOU DO 9169 05:43:24,960 --> 05:43:26,640 BETTER TO DO WHAT? 9170 05:43:26,640 --> 05:43:30,920 >> TO BETTER ENGAGE THE PATIENTS 9171 05:43:30,920 --> 05:43:34,400 REPEATING HORMONES OR ANDROGEN 9172 05:43:34,400 --> 05:43:35,680 BLOCKING THERAPY FOR CLINICAL 9173 05:43:35,680 --> 05:43:37,720 AND MECHANIST BEING STUDIES. 9174 05:43:37,720 --> 05:43:39,800 >> WELL THE WAY I UNDERSTAND IT, 9175 05:43:39,800 --> 05:43:44,360 HOW CAN WE DO BETTER TO ENGAGE 9176 05:43:44,360 --> 05:43:45,080 PATIENTS DIFFICULT QUESTION. 9177 05:43:45,080 --> 05:43:46,760 LET ME GIVE YOU A PRECISE 9178 05:43:46,760 --> 05:43:46,960 EXAMPLE. 9179 05:43:46,960 --> 05:43:49,080 ONE OF THE REASONS WHY IN OUR 9180 05:43:49,080 --> 05:43:52,280 STUDY OF ESTROGEN AND 9181 05:43:52,280 --> 05:43:55,200 PROGESTERONE AND HOSPITALIZED 9182 05:43:55,200 --> 05:43:57,520 COVID-19 PATIENTS WHO WERE MEN 9183 05:43:57,520 --> 05:44:01,800 AND WOMEN, WE WERE RECRUITING 9184 05:44:01,800 --> 05:44:04,800 BOTH, VERY FEW PATIENTS IS THAT, 9185 05:44:04,800 --> 05:44:07,880 AT THE END I DIDN'T WANT TO GET 9186 05:44:07,880 --> 05:44:09,640 THIS HORMONE THERAPY. 9187 05:44:09,640 --> 05:44:12,360 WHEN WE PRONOUNCE THE WORD 9188 05:44:12,360 --> 05:44:17,240 HORMONE, A LOT OF PATIENTS SAID 9189 05:44:17,240 --> 05:44:17,800 NO. 9190 05:44:17,800 --> 05:44:22,960 SO I THINK THE WORD HORMONE IN 9191 05:44:22,960 --> 05:44:23,760 THE POPULATION ESPECIALLY 9192 05:44:23,760 --> 05:44:27,400 ESTROGENS WHEN YOU SAY THAT, YOU 9193 05:44:27,400 --> 05:44:32,920 CRY WOLF BECAUSE OF FALSE 9194 05:44:32,920 --> 05:44:34,040 INTERPRETATION OF PREVIOUS 9195 05:44:34,040 --> 05:44:35,920 TRIAL, POORLY DESIGNED IF YOU 9196 05:44:35,920 --> 05:44:38,360 EXCUSE ME MY FRENCH LIKE THE 9197 05:44:38,360 --> 05:44:39,960 WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE THAT 9198 05:44:39,960 --> 05:44:44,360 HAS LED TO MISGUIDING RESULT AND 9199 05:44:44,360 --> 05:44:46,720 FALSE BELIEF AND MYTH OF THE 9200 05:44:46,720 --> 05:44:49,520 POPULATION THAT ESTROGEN LEAD TO 9201 05:44:49,520 --> 05:44:49,880 BREAST CANCER. 9202 05:44:49,880 --> 05:44:51,840 SO HORMONES WHEN YOU SAY 9203 05:44:51,840 --> 05:44:56,560 HORMONES, PEOPLE ARE AFRAID SO I 9204 05:44:56,560 --> 05:45:01,880 DON'T KNOW HOW TO ENGAGE PEOPLE 9205 05:45:01,880 --> 05:45:02,120 BETTER. 9206 05:45:02,120 --> 05:45:03,440 MAYBE EDUCATE THEM BETTER BUT 9207 05:45:03,440 --> 05:45:04,520 EACH PHYSICIAN ARE POORLY 9208 05:45:04,520 --> 05:45:06,640 EDUCATED IN THESE MATTERS. 9209 05:45:06,640 --> 05:45:09,680 >> YEAH, FOR THE FOLKS SEEKING 9210 05:45:09,680 --> 05:45:10,440 GENDER HORMONE THERAPY, I THINK 9211 05:45:10,440 --> 05:45:14,280 THE KEY THERE IS INVOLVING THE 9212 05:45:14,280 --> 05:45:14,880 COMMUNITY. 9213 05:45:14,880 --> 05:45:17,400 I WAS SO--IT WAS SO WONDERFUL TO 9214 05:45:17,400 --> 05:45:19,800 HEAR FROM MR. DAVID ABOUT HIS 9215 05:45:19,800 --> 05:45:20,960 EXPERIENCE AND I THINK THAT 9216 05:45:20,960 --> 05:45:22,720 THAT'S GOING TO BE THE KEY. 9217 05:45:22,720 --> 05:45:24,280 PEOPLE HAVE TO FEEL COMFORTABLE 9218 05:45:24,280 --> 05:45:25,880 AND THE SETTING HAS TO BE 9219 05:45:25,880 --> 05:45:26,160 COMFORTABLE. 9220 05:45:26,160 --> 05:45:29,080 YOU KNOW THIS IS A--THIS HAS 9221 05:45:29,080 --> 05:45:31,640 BEEN A REALLY DISENFRANCHISED 9222 05:45:31,640 --> 05:45:32,400 POPULATION THAT FREQUENTLY 9223 05:45:32,400 --> 05:45:34,000 EITHER HAVE BEEN VERY, VERY 9224 05:45:34,000 --> 05:45:35,400 POORLY TREATED OR NOT TREATED AT 9225 05:45:35,400 --> 05:45:35,640 ALL. 9226 05:45:35,640 --> 05:45:38,480 AND SO IT HAS TO BE A SAFE AND 9227 05:45:38,480 --> 05:45:39,840 WELCOMING ENVIRONMENT BUT THAT 9228 05:45:39,840 --> 05:45:41,080 CAN BE DONE. 9229 05:45:41,080 --> 05:45:42,800 I THINK YOU HAVE TO INVOLVE 9230 05:45:42,800 --> 05:45:44,440 COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND I WOULD 9231 05:45:44,440 --> 05:45:46,480 TOTALLY AGREE, YOU NEED TO HAVE 9232 05:45:46,480 --> 05:45:49,600 MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITYOT 9233 05:45:49,600 --> 05:45:49,920 RESEARCH TEAM. 9234 05:45:49,920 --> 05:45:52,600 AND I'M VERY MUCH ENGAGED WITH 9235 05:45:52,600 --> 05:45:55,240 THE SUBJECTS AND ANY KIND OF A 9236 05:45:55,240 --> 05:45:55,600 TRIAL. 9237 05:45:55,600 --> 05:45:57,880 >> WHETHER IT'S A CLINICAL TRIAL 9238 05:45:57,880 --> 05:45:59,600 OR OBSERVATIONAL STUDY, I THINK 9239 05:45:59,600 --> 05:46:08,040 EITHER WAY IT'S IMPERATIVE TO DO 9240 05:46:08,040 --> 05:46:08,320 THAT. 9241 05:46:08,320 --> 05:46:13,840 >> OKAY, WE ARE CLOSE TO THE 9242 05:46:13,840 --> 05:46:15,280 TIME THAT HAS BEEN ALLOTTED FOR 9243 05:46:15,280 --> 05:46:18,120 THIS SESSION. 9244 05:46:18,120 --> 05:46:23,200 WE ACTUALLY 4:05. 9245 05:46:23,200 --> 05:46:28,440 OR 5:04 EAST COAST TIME. 9246 05:46:28,440 --> 05:46:30,360 SO, JASMINA, YOU WANT TO TAKE 9247 05:46:30,360 --> 05:46:31,480 OVER FROM HERE. 9248 05:46:31,480 --> 05:46:32,320 >> YES, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 9249 05:46:32,320 --> 05:46:38,120 WE ARE GOING TO HAVE THE 9250 05:46:38,120 --> 05:46:39,160 DR. AGARWALL, ANNOUNCING THE 9251 05:46:39,160 --> 05:46:42,320 PROGRAM FOR THE DAY. 9252 05:46:42,320 --> 05:46:43,320 RAJEEV, AND THANK YOU VERY MUCH 9253 05:46:43,320 --> 05:46:45,080 FOR YOUR PRESENTATION IT WAS 9254 05:46:45,080 --> 05:46:46,400 PRELLLY EXCITING. 9255 05:46:46,400 --> 05:46:46,840 >> THANK YOU. 9256 05:46:46,840 --> 05:46:48,480 CAN YOU HEAR ME PROPERLY. 9257 05:46:48,480 --> 05:46:49,640 >> THANK YOU. 9258 05:46:49,640 --> 05:46:54,840 GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE, I'M 9259 05:46:54,840 --> 05:46:56,440 RAJEEV, AGARWALL, SENIOR PROGRAM 9260 05:46:56,440 --> 05:46:57,480 OFFICER ON OFFICE OF WOMEN'S 9261 05:46:57,480 --> 05:46:59,800 HEGHT AND I WANT TO THANK YOU 9262 05:46:59,800 --> 05:47:02,520 FOR ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE NOTHING 9263 05:47:02,520 --> 05:47:03,520 IN WONDERFUL MEETING. 9264 05:47:03,520 --> 05:47:04,160 WITHOUT YOUR PARTICIPATION WE 9265 05:47:04,160 --> 05:47:05,080 WOULD NONAPOPTOTIC THE HAVE 9266 05:47:05,080 --> 05:47:07,520 ACHIEVED THE LEVEL OF DISCUSSION 9267 05:47:07,520 --> 05:47:09,720 AND THE PRESENTATIONS FOR 9268 05:47:09,720 --> 05:47:11,600 WONDERFUL. 9269 05:47:11,600 --> 05:47:12,080 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 9270 05:47:12,080 --> 05:47:15,080 SO I'M GOING TO SUMMARIZE OR 9271 05:47:15,080 --> 05:47:17,480 GIVER YOU THE OVERVIEW OF 9272 05:47:17,480 --> 05:47:18,320 TOMORROW'S SESSIONS VERY QUICKLY 9273 05:47:18,320 --> 05:47:21,240 BECAUSE I KNOW I AM STANDING 9274 05:47:21,240 --> 05:47:26,240 BETWEEN YOUR DAY OFF AND THIS 9275 05:47:26,240 --> 05:47:26,480 MEETING. 9276 05:47:26,480 --> 05:47:27,320 THE NEXT SESSION FOR TOMORROW 9277 05:47:27,320 --> 05:47:29,520 MORNING WE WILL HAVE THE FIRST 9278 05:47:29,520 --> 05:47:30,400 SESSION OF NOT REALLY A SESSION 9279 05:47:30,400 --> 05:47:33,520 IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT, JUST 9280 05:47:33,520 --> 05:47:36,040 HIGHLIGHT OF ALL THE SUMMARY OF 9281 05:47:36,040 --> 05:47:38,840 THE DAY EVENT BY DR. CATH LYNN 9282 05:47:38,840 --> 05:47:40,360 SANDBERG, THIS WILL BE FOLLOWED 9283 05:47:40,360 --> 05:47:42,960 BY SESSION NUMBER 4 WHICH IS ON 9284 05:47:42,960 --> 05:47:45,440 CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC 9285 05:47:45,440 --> 05:47:47,320 ASPECTS OF COVID-19, SEX AND 9286 05:47:47,320 --> 05:47:49,200 GENDER CONSIDERATIONS AND THE 9287 05:47:49,200 --> 05:47:52,000 MODERATOR FOR THIS PARTICULAR 9288 05:47:52,000 --> 05:47:53,840 SESSION IS DR. DELISSA FAIR 9289 05:47:53,840 --> 05:47:56,080 WEATHER MPLET THE SESSION WILL 9290 05:47:56,080 --> 05:48:00,880 HAVE PRESENTATIONS ISSUES THE 9291 05:48:00,880 --> 05:48:03,720 FIRST SESSION THE FIRST 1 IS SEX 9292 05:48:03,720 --> 05:48:06,520 DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOVASCULAR 9293 05:48:06,520 --> 05:48:10,480 OUTCOMES BY DR. BAIREY-MERZ, 9294 05:48:10,480 --> 05:48:13,920 SECOND TALK SEX DIFFERENCES IN 9295 05:48:13,920 --> 05:48:15,320 MITOCHONDRIA DURING VIRAL MY O 9296 05:48:15,320 --> 05:48:18,000 CARDITEDIS AND COVID-19 VACCINE 9297 05:48:18,000 --> 05:48:21,200 INDUCED MY O CARDITEIS, BY 9298 05:48:21,200 --> 05:48:22,360 DR. DELISA FAIRWEATHER, AND THE 9299 05:48:22,360 --> 05:48:24,680 NEXT TONG IS LONG COVID 9300 05:48:24,680 --> 05:48:27,600 ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE AND 9301 05:48:27,600 --> 05:48:29,760 POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA 9302 05:48:29,760 --> 05:48:31,880 SYNDROME BY DR. SATISH, RAJ AND 9303 05:48:31,880 --> 05:48:35,000 THE LAST TALK IN SESSION 4 IS BY 9304 05:48:35,000 --> 05:48:37,560 DR. JAMES MOON ON CARDIOVASCULAR 9305 05:48:37,560 --> 05:48:43,800 IMAGING BIOMARKERS FOR COVID-19 9306 05:48:43,800 --> 05:48:44,240 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 9307 05:48:44,240 --> 05:48:47,360 SESSION 5 IS ON SEX GENDER 9308 05:48:47,360 --> 05:48:48,360 RELATED MECHANISMS UNDERLYING 9309 05:48:48,360 --> 05:48:51,920 DISEASE IN COVID-19 AND THE 9310 05:48:51,920 --> 05:48:55,080 MODERATOR IN DR. YOGEN, KANTHI, 9311 05:48:55,080 --> 05:48:56,840 THIS WILL HAVE 4 DIFFERENT TALKS 9312 05:48:56,840 --> 05:48:59,000 PLUS MODULATION OF PLATELET 9313 05:48:59,000 --> 05:49:01,200 FUNCTION AND INTERACTION WITH 9314 05:49:01,200 --> 05:49:03,880 ESTROGENS BY DR. DALE ABEL. 9315 05:49:03,880 --> 05:49:06,280 AND THEN CONVALESCENT PLASMA IN 9316 05:49:06,280 --> 05:49:10,040 OUTPATES WITH COVID-19 BY 9317 05:49:10,040 --> 05:49:13,400 DR. ZUBAID RAFIQUE, AND THEN 9318 05:49:13,400 --> 05:49:15,480 COVID-19 THROMBOTIC 9319 05:49:15,480 --> 05:49:16,920 COMPLICATIONS IN ACTIV 4A BY 9320 05:49:16,920 --> 05:49:19,080 DR. MATTHEW NEIL AND THE LAST 9321 05:49:19,080 --> 05:49:21,360 TALK IN SESSION 5 IS ELECTRONIC 9322 05:49:21,360 --> 05:49:23,200 HEALTH RECORDS SKIN AND BLOOD 9323 05:49:23,200 --> 05:49:26,800 STUDIES IN COVID-19 INFECTION BY 9324 05:49:26,800 --> 05:49:31,560 DR. ALEX TSOI. 9325 05:49:31,560 --> 05:49:32,640 NEXT PLEASE. 9326 05:49:32,640 --> 05:49:35,480 SECTION 6 IS ON JEKS GENDER 9327 05:49:35,480 --> 05:49:36,640 GOVERNORSS ON COVID RELATED 9328 05:49:36,640 --> 05:49:38,480 SLEEP AND LUNG DISEASE AND THE 9329 05:49:38,480 --> 05:49:41,680 MODERATOR IS DR. PATRICIA 9330 05:49:41,680 --> 05:49:43,160 SILVEYRA, AND THIS WILL ALSO 9331 05:49:43,160 --> 05:49:46,360 HAVE 4 WONDERFUL TALKS COVID-19 9332 05:49:46,360 --> 05:49:49,440 LUNG INFECTION IMMUNE MEDIATORS. 9333 05:49:49,440 --> 05:49:52,560 BY DR. CHARLES DELA KRIEWZ. 9334 05:49:52,560 --> 05:49:55,680 THE NEXT IS COVID-19 RELATED 9335 05:49:55,680 --> 05:49:58,640 LUNG MICROVASCULAR AND PARAEN 9336 05:49:58,640 --> 05:50:02,760 CHIMAL SEQUELA BY DR. ELIZABETH 9337 05:50:02,760 --> 05:50:04,840 OELSENER, AND THE NEXT IS LUNG 9338 05:50:04,840 --> 05:50:07,600 FAGHTOLOGY IN MOUSE MODEL OF THE 9339 05:50:07,600 --> 05:50:10,680 POST ACUTE SEQUELA OF 9340 05:50:10,680 --> 05:50:13,000 SARS-CCROSS LINKING V-2 P A SV 9341 05:50:13,000 --> 05:50:17,640 BY DR. OKUDA, AND THE LAST TALK 9342 05:50:17,640 --> 05:50:19,840 IS SEX DIFFERENCES IN COVID P A 9343 05:50:19,840 --> 05:50:23,160 SC RELATED ISSUES TO SLEEP AND 9344 05:50:23,160 --> 05:50:25,960 CIRCADIAN BIOLOGY JANET MULLING 9345 05:50:25,960 --> 05:50:27,560 TON, AND SECTION 7 WHICH YOU 9346 05:50:27,560 --> 05:50:28,640 MIGHT HAVE HEARD TODAY TALKED 9347 05:50:28,640 --> 05:50:30,760 NUMBER OF TIMES IN THE BREAK OUT 9348 05:50:30,760 --> 05:50:32,640 SESSIONS SO WE HAVE CONCURRENT 9349 05:50:32,640 --> 05:50:34,600 BREAK OUT SESSIONS, THESE SEGS 9350 05:50:34,600 --> 05:50:36,120 WILL DISCUSS IMPLICATIONS FOR 9351 05:50:36,120 --> 05:50:38,880 FUTURE RESEARCH AND STIMULATION 9352 05:50:38,880 --> 05:50:39,960 OF COLLABORATIONS, THESE 9353 05:50:39,960 --> 05:50:41,840 SEGSESSIONS WILL THEN EXPLORE 9354 05:50:41,840 --> 05:50:44,040 NEXT TEPS? 9355 05:50:44,040 --> 05:50:47,520 FACILITATING SEX/GENDER CONTEXT 9356 05:50:47,520 --> 05:50:48,760 IN CLICKING, CHARACTERIZATION 9357 05:50:48,760 --> 05:50:51,560 AND COMOWNICATING WHICH WE CALL 9358 05:50:51,560 --> 05:50:54,240 4 Cs, COVID-19 HLBS DISORDERS 9359 05:50:54,240 --> 05:50:55,760 TO ADDRESS RESEARCH GAPS. 9360 05:50:55,760 --> 05:51:01,040 BREAK OUT ROOM 1 IS ON 9361 05:51:01,040 --> 05:51:03,720 WHEKANISTIC WHICH WHICH IS 9362 05:51:03,720 --> 05:51:05,600 PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL, 9363 05:51:05,600 --> 05:51:10,240 TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE AND THE 9364 05:51:10,240 --> 05:51:16,440 MODERATORS IS DR. KATHRYN 9365 05:51:16,440 --> 05:51:18,840 SANDBERG AND DR. CHAPPELL, AND 9366 05:51:18,840 --> 05:51:24,360 BREAK OUT ROOM NEAR 2 IS WITH 9367 05:51:24,360 --> 05:51:28,320 DR. KANTHI AND D 9368 05:51:28,320 --> 05:51:29,720 OERTELT-PRRIGIONE, AND IN THE 9369 05:51:29,720 --> 05:51:31,520 LAST REPORT WILL HAVE THE 9370 05:51:31,520 --> 05:51:32,200 MODERATORS SUMMARIZE THEIR 9371 05:51:32,200 --> 05:51:34,760 SESSIONS WHICH WILL BE FOLLOWED 9372 05:51:34,760 --> 05:51:38,240 BY SUMMARY OF 22 DIE DR. YOGEN 9373 05:51:38,240 --> 05:51:39,760 KANTHI AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 9374 05:51:39,760 --> 05:51:44,840 WE WILL HEAR FROM DR. JASMINA 9375 05:51:44,840 --> 05:51:47,920 VARAGIC ABOUT FUTURE DIRECTION 9376 05:51:47,920 --> 05:51:49,320 AND WE ADJOURN FOR TODAY AS WELL 9377 05:51:49,320 --> 05:51:53,680 AS THE MEETING WILL ADJOURN 9378 05:51:53,680 --> 05:51:56,400 TOMORROW AND JASMINA ANY LAST 9379 05:51:56,400 --> 05:51:56,600 WORDS? 9380 05:51:56,600 --> 05:51:57,200 >> I WOULD JUST LIKE TO SAY 9381 05:51:57,200 --> 05:52:00,200 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE 9382 05:52:00,200 --> 05:52:07,360 WONDERFUL DAY 1 EXCELLENT 9383 05:52:07,360 --> 05:52:08,080 PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS SX 9384 05:52:08,080 --> 05:52:09,720 HEAT I JUST WANT TO POINT TO BE 9385 05:52:09,720 --> 05:52:14,240 AWARE OF THE BREAK OUT ROOM 9386 05:52:14,240 --> 05:52:15,960 SESSIONS THEY WILL HAVE 9387 05:52:15,960 --> 05:52:17,240 DIFFERENT WAREROOM LINKS AND 9388 05:52:17,240 --> 05:52:18,080 AUDIENCE WILL CHOOSE THE ROOM 9389 05:52:18,080 --> 05:52:20,200 THEY WOULD LIKE TO GO BUT THE 9390 05:52:20,200 --> 05:52:22,640 PANELISTS ARE ALREADY ASSIGNED 9391 05:52:22,640 --> 05:52:25,080 SO, LOOK FOR THE E-MAIL FROM THE 9392 05:52:25,080 --> 05:52:25,280 SYNERGY. 9393 05:52:25,280 --> 05:52:28,080 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR 9394 05:52:28,080 --> 00:00:00,000 EVERYTHING HAVE A GREAT EVENING