1
00:00:05,305 --> 00:00:06,306
GOOD AFTERNOON.

2
00:00:06,373 --> 00:00:08,241
I'M KIM PELIS, DIRECTOR OF THE

3
00:00:08,308 --> 00:00:12,579
OFFICE OF NIH HISTORY IN SAI INN

4
00:00:12,645 --> 00:00:14,147
MUSEUM AND I WELCOME YOU TO AN

5
00:00:14,214 --> 00:00:17,250
END OF AN ERA.

6
00:00:17,317 --> 00:00:20,220
MICHELE LYONS, NOW OUR SENIOR

7
00:00:20,286 --> 00:00:21,054
CURATOR AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR

8
00:00:21,121 --> 00:00:22,155
IS RETIRING AT THE END OF THE

9
00:00:22,222 --> 00:00:22,689
MONTH.

10
00:00:22,756 --> 00:00:24,524
BUT TODAY, BEFORE SHE GOES, SHE

11
00:00:24,591 --> 00:00:26,326
PLANS TO GIVE US A GIFT.

12
00:00:26,393 --> 00:00:28,294
THIS PROMISES TO BE QUITE A

13
00:00:28,361 --> 00:00:29,529
SPECIAL GIFT.

14
00:00:29,596 --> 00:00:32,031
MICHELE IS BLESSED WITH A

15
00:00:32,098 --> 00:00:34,734
CALLING, QUITE LITERALLY,

16
00:00:34,801 --> 00:00:35,935
OBJECTS CALL TO HER AND SHE

17
00:00:36,002 --> 00:00:36,403
LISTENS.

18
00:00:36,469 --> 00:00:37,904
OVER A 30-YEAR CAREER OF

19
00:00:37,971 --> 00:00:39,939
COLLECTING OBJECTS ON NIH

20
00:00:40,006 --> 00:00:41,307
HISTORY, OF TELLING THEIR

21
00:00:41,374 --> 00:00:43,042
STORIES, AND OF FOLLOWING BOTH

22
00:00:43,109 --> 00:00:44,677
OBJECTS AND STORIES WHEREVER

23
00:00:44,744 --> 00:00:47,180
THEY HAVE LED, SHE HAS

24
00:00:47,247 --> 00:00:49,716
TRANSFORMED THE HISTORY OFFICE

25
00:00:49,783 --> 00:00:51,484
AND NIH'S HISTORICAL RECORD

26
00:00:51,551 --> 00:00:52,252
ALIKE.

27
00:00:52,318 --> 00:00:53,887
HER GIFT TODAY IS HER LECTURE.

28
00:00:53,953 --> 00:00:56,423
IN IT, SHE OFFERS A CURATED TOUR

29
00:00:56,489 --> 00:00:59,492
OF SELECT OBJECTS, ARRANGED TO

30
00:00:59,559 --> 00:01:01,127
TELL NIH'S HISTORY FROM FOUNDING

31
00:01:01,194 --> 00:01:04,431
TO PRESENT.

32
00:01:04,497 --> 00:01:05,598
I MENTIONED THIS WAS AN END OF

33
00:01:05,665 --> 00:01:09,068
AB ERA, AND ENDINGS, AS T.S.

34
00:01:09,135 --> 00:01:11,204
ELLIOTT NOTED, CONTAIN WITHIN

35
00:01:11,271 --> 00:01:13,339
THEM THEIR BEGINNINGS.

36
00:01:13,406 --> 00:01:14,808
MICHELE ENDS HER TIME AS

37
00:01:14,874 --> 00:01:16,443
CURATOR, HAVING LAID THE

38
00:01:16,509 --> 00:01:17,811
FOUNDATIONS, SOLID YET FLEXIBLE,

39
00:01:17,877 --> 00:01:19,479
FOR A PROMISING FUTURE FOR NIH

40
00:01:19,546 --> 00:01:20,780
HISTORY.

41
00:01:20,847 --> 00:01:22,315
AND NOW TO TELL YOU MORE ABOUT

42
00:01:22,382 --> 00:01:24,384
THOSE BEGINNINGS AND HOW THEY

43
00:01:24,451 --> 00:01:26,820
SHAPED THE BRILLIANT CURATOR

44
00:01:26,886 --> 00:01:28,121
MICHELE HAS BECOME IS OUR

45
00:01:28,188 --> 00:01:30,824
OFFICE'S FOUNDING DIRECTOR AND

46
00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:32,625
DISCOVERERRER OF MICHELE'S MANY

47
00:01:32,692 --> 00:01:35,061
TALENTS, DR. VICTORIA HARDEN.

48
00:01:35,128 --> 00:01:45,405
[APPLAUSE]

49
00:01:45,472 --> 00:01:48,408
>> HAVING KNOWN MICHELE LYONS

50
00:01:48,475 --> 00:01:49,976
LONGER THAN ANYONE ELSE HERE

51
00:01:50,043 --> 00:01:52,011
TODAY EXCEPT PERHAPS HER

52
00:01:52,078 --> 00:01:54,614
HUSBAND, SHAWN, AND HER BROTHER,

53
00:01:54,681 --> 00:01:57,317
I WAS PLEASED TO BE ASKED TO

54
00:01:57,383 --> 00:01:59,285
INTRODUCE HER.

55
00:01:59,352 --> 00:02:02,088
IN 1988, WHEN I WAS THE SOLE

56
00:02:02,155 --> 00:02:05,358
PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBER OF THE

57
00:02:05,425 --> 00:02:07,494
OFFICE, AN EARNEST YOUNG WOMAN

58
00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:10,797
THEN NAMED MICHELE CANHAM CAME

59
00:02:10,864 --> 00:02:12,832
TO ME AS A SUMMER INTERN FROM

60
00:02:12,899 --> 00:02:15,168
THE MUSEUM STUDIES PROGRAM AT

61
00:02:15,235 --> 00:02:15,835
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.

62
00:02:15,902 --> 00:02:18,104
I HAD HOPED FOR INTERNS, BUT IT

63
00:02:18,171 --> 00:02:21,207
SEEMED THAT MOST MUSEUM STUDY

64
00:02:21,274 --> 00:02:23,576
STUDENTS WANTED TO HANG ART ON

65
00:02:23,643 --> 00:02:25,845
WALLS, NOT PRODUCE EXHIBITS OF

66
00:02:25,912 --> 00:02:32,552
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS.

67
00:02:32,619 --> 00:02:34,153
BUT HERE WAS ONE WHOSE FATHER

68
00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:35,488
HAD BEEN A MILITARY RESEARCH

69
00:02:35,555 --> 00:02:36,890
PHYSICIAN, AND SO INSTRUMENTS,

70
00:02:36,956 --> 00:02:38,424
OUR INSTRUMENTS, DID NOT

71
00:02:38,491 --> 00:02:39,859
INTIMIDATE HER.

72
00:02:39,926 --> 00:02:43,830
MY GUESS IS, IN HER INTERNSHIP,

73
00:02:43,897 --> 00:02:45,899
THAT SHE HOPED TO PREPARE FOR

74
00:02:45,965 --> 00:02:48,001
HER PROJECT A MAJOR EXHIBIT LIKE

75
00:02:48,067 --> 00:02:50,403
ONE YOU MIGHT SEE AT THE

76
00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:50,703
SMITHSONIAN.

77
00:02:50,770 --> 00:02:54,774
I WILL EMBARRASS HER BY

78
00:02:54,841 --> 00:02:56,476
RECALLING THE LOOK ON HER FACE

79
00:02:56,543 --> 00:03:01,714
WHEN I SHOWED HER THE THREE WALL

80
00:03:01,781 --> 00:03:03,383
INSET AREAS ON THE WAY TO

81
00:03:03,449 --> 00:03:07,754
LIPSETT AUDITORIUM, EACH MAYBE Y

82
00:03:07,820 --> 00:03:11,691
1-FOOT DEEP.

83
00:03:11,758 --> 00:03:13,526
SPACE GIVEN TO US FOR HER

84
00:03:13,593 --> 00:03:13,893
PROJECT.

85
00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:16,162
BUT SHE WAS A TROOPER.

86
00:03:16,229 --> 00:03:18,431
SHE CHOSE THREE SMALL

87
00:03:18,498 --> 00:03:20,133
INSTRUMENTS DEVELOPED BY

88
00:03:20,199 --> 00:03:21,200
INTRAMURAL SCIENTISTS AND

89
00:03:21,267 --> 00:03:23,169
CREATED AN EXHIBIT CALLED AN

90
00:03:23,236 --> 00:03:25,305
IMPACT ON THE WORLD.

91
00:03:25,371 --> 00:03:27,574
AND FOR SHOW AND TELL, I BROUGHT

92
00:03:27,640 --> 00:03:29,742
A COPY OF THE PUBLICITY CARD FOR

93
00:03:29,809 --> 00:03:31,611
THAT EXHIBIT, WHICH I'LL SHOW

94
00:03:31,678 --> 00:03:32,612
YOU AFTERWARDS IF YOU'RE

95
00:03:32,679 --> 00:03:35,882
INTERESTED.

96
00:03:35,949 --> 00:03:38,117
IN 1990, AFTER SHE HAD HER

97
00:03:38,184 --> 00:03:40,153
MASTER'S DEGREE IN HAND, WE WERE

98
00:03:40,219 --> 00:03:42,689
ABLE TO HIRE HER AS A CONTRACT

99
00:03:42,755 --> 00:03:45,058
CURATOR FOR AN EXHIBIT

100
00:03:45,124 --> 00:03:46,693
COMMEMORATING DR. SCOTTY PRATT'S

101
00:03:46,759 --> 00:03:47,994
CAREER.

102
00:03:48,061 --> 00:03:49,529
TITLED COMPUTERS IN MEDICAL

103
00:03:49,596 --> 00:03:51,798
RESEARCH.

104
00:03:51,864 --> 00:03:54,334
WE WERE NEXT ABLE TO HIRE HER IN

105
00:03:54,400 --> 00:04:00,607
1992 TO CURATE AN EXHIBIT ON DRK

106
00:04:00,673 --> 00:04:02,108
TOWARDS A NON-ADDICTING OPIATE.

107
00:04:02,175 --> 00:04:04,310
I NOTE THAT BY THEN, SHE HAD

108
00:04:04,377 --> 00:04:06,012
BECOME MICHELE LYONS, HAVING

109
00:04:06,079 --> 00:04:11,351
MARRIED SHAWN IN 1991.

110
00:04:11,417 --> 00:04:12,619
BUT AFTER THIS, THERE WAS A

111
00:04:12,685 --> 00:04:14,887
SERIOUS BREAK IN THE STETTEN

112
00:04:14,954 --> 00:04:16,122
MUSEUM'S ASSOCIATION WITH

113
00:04:16,189 --> 00:04:18,391
MICHELE, WHO WORKED, IF I RECALL

114
00:04:18,458 --> 00:04:19,726
CORRECTLY, AT THE BUILDING

115
00:04:19,792 --> 00:04:23,096
MUSEUM FOR A WHILE AND ALSO AT

116
00:04:23,162 --> 00:04:24,430
USAID.

117
00:04:24,497 --> 00:04:26,366
THEN MY PHONE RANG ONE

118
00:04:26,432 --> 00:04:27,433
AFTERNOON, AND I HEARD HER

119
00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:29,068
VOICE.

120
00:04:29,135 --> 00:04:31,404
DO YOU HAVE ANY WORK YOU CAN

121
00:04:31,471 --> 00:04:32,538
GIVE ME?

122
00:04:32,605 --> 00:04:35,908
MY BRAIN IS TURNING TO MUSH.

123
00:04:35,975 --> 00:04:37,777
[LAUGHTER]

124
00:04:37,844 --> 00:04:40,580
WELL, ONE DOESN'T PASS UP

125
00:04:40,647 --> 00:04:41,381
ENTHUSIASM LIKE THAT.

126
00:04:41,447 --> 00:04:44,017
BUT WE ALSO DID NOT NEED HER TO

127
00:04:44,083 --> 00:04:45,318
WORK PRO BONO, AND WE WERE ABLE

128
00:04:45,385 --> 00:04:47,954
TO HIRE HER AS THE CURATOR FOR

129
00:04:48,021 --> 00:04:50,323
THE EXHIBIT GENETICS IN MEDICAL

130
00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:52,625
RESEARCH.

131
00:04:52,692 --> 00:04:55,161
AND FINALLY, LATER THAT SAME

132
00:04:55,228 --> 00:04:57,030
YEAR, 1995, WE WERE ABLE TO HIRE

133
00:04:57,096 --> 00:05:01,868
HER ON AN ONGOING HALF-TIME

134
00:05:01,934 --> 00:05:03,036
CONTRACT, ESSENTIALLY TO DO

135
00:05:03,102 --> 00:05:04,570
EVERYTHING ASSOCIATED WITH THE

136
00:05:04,637 --> 00:05:06,139
MUSEUM COLLECTION.

137
00:05:06,205 --> 00:05:09,308
SO SHE HAS OVERSEEN MULTIPLE

138
00:05:09,375 --> 00:05:10,943
MOVES OF THE INSTRUMENTS.

139
00:05:11,010 --> 00:05:13,479
SHE HAS CATALOGED MOST OF THE

140
00:05:13,546 --> 00:05:19,218
MORE THAN 4,000 OBJECTS.

141
00:05:19,285 --> 00:05:20,653
SHE HAS COAXED SCIENTISTS INTO

142
00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:22,889
DONATING AND CREATED A WIDELY

143
00:05:22,955 --> 00:05:24,457
USED ARCHIVE OF INSTRUMENT

144
00:05:24,524 --> 00:05:28,761
MANUALS AND TECHNICAL BULLETINS.

145
00:05:28,828 --> 00:05:30,697
EVERY TIME, SHE HAS BEEN COURTED

146
00:05:30,763 --> 00:05:32,932
BY ANOTHER MUSEUM AND OFTEN

147
00:05:32,999 --> 00:05:37,203
TEMPTED BY A MUCH LARGER SALARY.

148
00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:39,238
SHE HAS ASKED ME WHY SHE SHOULD

149
00:05:39,305 --> 00:05:40,373
STAY AT NIH.

150
00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:42,208
AND EVERY TIME MY ANSWER IS THE

151
00:05:42,275 --> 00:05:45,144
SAME.

152
00:05:45,211 --> 00:05:49,749
BECAUSE THE SAI MA STETTEN MUSES

153
00:05:49,816 --> 00:05:50,450
YOUR BABY.

154
00:05:50,516 --> 00:05:51,284
AND SHE ALWAYS STAYED.

155
00:05:51,350 --> 00:05:52,685
FOR THE NINE YEARS BETWEEN

156
00:05:52,752 --> 00:05:55,254
DIRECTORS OF THE OFFICE

157
00:05:55,321 --> 00:05:56,422
MOREOVER, MICHELE WAS THE PERSON

158
00:05:56,489 --> 00:05:58,958
IN THE OFFICE WHO KEPT THE

159
00:05:59,025 --> 00:06:01,561
DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS AFLOAT,

160
00:06:01,627 --> 00:06:04,230
AND THE OFFICE OF NIH HISTORY

161
00:06:04,297 --> 00:06:05,765
AND STETTEN MUSEUM MOVING

162
00:06:05,832 --> 00:06:08,768
FORWARD WITH OF COURSE CHRIS

163
00:06:08,835 --> 00:06:10,436
WANJEK AND MICHAEL GOTTESMAN'S

164
00:06:10,503 --> 00:06:10,670
SUPPORT.

165
00:06:10,737 --> 00:06:13,206
AS A TRAINED HISTORIAN, SHE HAS

166
00:06:13,272 --> 00:06:16,809
ALSO WRITTEN A HISTORY OF NIH'S

167
00:06:16,876 --> 00:06:18,511
BETHESDA CAMPUS CALLED 70 ACRES

168
00:06:18,578 --> 00:06:19,045
OF SCIENCE.

169
00:06:19,112 --> 00:06:20,913
SHE IS MY LONGEST AND CLOSEST

170
00:06:20,980 --> 00:06:24,751
COLLEAGUE IN THIS ENDEAVOR TO

171
00:06:24,817 --> 00:06:26,853
BUILD HANS STETTEN'S VISION OF A

172
00:06:26,919 --> 00:06:28,688
MUSEUM AND HISTORY OFFICE, AND

173
00:06:28,755 --> 00:06:30,423
TODAY, SHE WILL TELL US HOW

174
00:06:30,490 --> 00:06:33,726
OBJECTS MAY BE USED TO TELL THE

175
00:06:33,793 --> 00:06:34,794
HISTORY OF NIH.

176
00:06:34,861 --> 00:06:35,461
MICHELE.

177
00:06:35,528 --> 00:06:42,702
[APPLAUSE]

178
00:06:42,769 --> 00:06:44,504
>> WOW, THAT WAS ME!

179
00:06:44,570 --> 00:06:47,640
OKAY.

180
00:06:47,707 --> 00:06:49,242
WELL, SO I'D LIKE TO THANK

181
00:06:49,308 --> 00:06:50,576
EVERYBODY WHO'S WORKED SO HARD

182
00:06:50,643 --> 00:06:52,278
TO MAKE TODAY HAPPEN, AND

183
00:06:52,345 --> 00:06:54,380
WELCOME TO EVERYONE ELSE.

184
00:06:54,447 --> 00:07:00,286
SO NOW LET'S HAVE A LITTLE FUN.

185
00:07:00,353 --> 00:07:01,420
OBJECTS TELL STORIES.

186
00:07:01,487 --> 00:07:02,755
WHY SOMETHING WAS MADE, WHEN IT

187
00:07:02,822 --> 00:07:05,224
WAS MADE, HOW IT WAS MADE, WHAT

188
00:07:05,291 --> 00:07:06,793
IT WAS MADE FOR, WHO MADE IT,

189
00:07:06,859 --> 00:07:08,728
WHO INVENTED IT, WHO USED IT,

190
00:07:08,795 --> 00:07:10,663
WHAT THEY USED IT FOR, AND WHAT

191
00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:12,331
WAS THE END RESULT OF THEIR

192
00:07:12,398 --> 00:07:13,633
WORK.

193
00:07:13,699 --> 00:07:16,602
SOMETIMES THE STORIES THAT THE

194
00:07:16,669 --> 00:07:18,037
OBJECTS IN OUR COLLECTION TELL

195
00:07:18,104 --> 00:07:20,239
ARE PRETTY TECHNICAL SCIENTIFIC

196
00:07:20,306 --> 00:07:21,440
AND MEDICAL DISCOVERIES, BUT

197
00:07:21,507 --> 00:07:23,309
THEY ALWAYS HAVE A HUMAN

198
00:07:23,376 --> 00:07:25,344
ELEMENT, BECAUSE FUNDAMENTALLY,

199
00:07:25,411 --> 00:07:27,547
NIH HISTORY IS A STORY OF HOW

200
00:07:27,613 --> 00:07:29,382
PEOPLE HAVE WORKED TOGETHER

201
00:07:29,448 --> 00:07:33,219
TOWARD ONE END.

202
00:07:33,286 --> 00:07:34,754
SO, SOME CAVEATS ON THIS

203
00:07:34,821 --> 00:07:36,689
PRESENTATION.

204
00:07:36,756 --> 00:07:39,325
IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO REPRESENT ALL

205
00:07:39,392 --> 00:07:41,427
OF ONE'S HISTORY OF NIH IN ONE

206
00:07:41,494 --> 00:07:43,963
LECTURE, SO THIS IS ABSOLUTELY A

207
00:07:44,030 --> 00:07:44,797
SUBJECTIVE HISTORY, AND YOU

208
00:07:44,864 --> 00:07:46,399
WOULD COME UP WITH SOMETHING

209
00:07:46,465 --> 00:07:47,767
DIFFERENT, AND I PROBABLY WOULD

210
00:07:47,834 --> 00:07:54,040
ON ANOTHER DAY TOO.

211
00:07:54,106 --> 00:07:55,408
WHILE I LOVE ALL THE OBJECTS,

212
00:07:55,474 --> 00:07:57,310
THE ONES I'M SHOWING YOU ARE NOT

213
00:07:57,376 --> 00:07:58,144
NECESSARILY MY FAVORITE ONES.

214
00:07:58,211 --> 00:07:59,712
I'VE SELECTED OBJECTS THAT

215
00:07:59,779 --> 00:08:01,013
REPRESENT IMPORTANT MOMENTS OR

216
00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:02,515
THEMES IN NIH HISTORY.

217
00:08:02,582 --> 00:08:05,017
BUT I DO SHOW MY FAVORITE ONE AT

218
00:08:05,084 --> 00:08:09,755
THE END, SO STAY TUNED.

219
00:08:09,822 --> 00:08:10,623
AND THE DISCUSSION IS LIMITED

220
00:08:10,690 --> 00:08:13,125
BECAUSE OF THE ITEMS IN OUR

221
00:08:13,192 --> 00:08:16,229
COLLECTION, AND BECAUSE AS MUCH

222
00:08:16,295 --> 00:08:17,830
AS WE'D LIKE TO, OUR COLLECTION

223
00:08:17,897 --> 00:08:19,165
DOES NOT REPRESENT EVERY

224
00:08:19,232 --> 00:08:23,603
IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT AT NIH.

225
00:08:23,669 --> 00:08:25,738
SO HERE IS A HISTORY THAT I

226
00:08:25,805 --> 00:08:27,139
THINK ABOUT WHEN I SEE THESE

227
00:08:27,206 --> 00:08:28,241
OBJECTS, SORT OF

228
00:08:28,307 --> 00:08:29,876
CHRONOLOGICALLY.

229
00:08:29,942 --> 00:08:32,411
SO A WATCH FAB IS A DECORATION

230
00:08:32,478 --> 00:08:33,846
FOR YOUR POCKET WATCH CHAIN.

231
00:08:33,913 --> 00:08:36,983
IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY, GREEN

232
00:08:37,049 --> 00:08:39,819
RIVER WHISKEY GAVE THEM AWAY AS

233
00:08:39,886 --> 00:08:40,119
ADVERTISING.

234
00:08:40,186 --> 00:08:41,387
THE COMPANY'S BIGGEST

235
00:08:41,454 --> 00:08:42,455
ENDORSEMENT WAS THAT IT WAS THE

236
00:08:42,521 --> 00:08:44,290
OFFICIAL WHISKEY OF THE MARINE

237
00:08:44,357 --> 00:08:45,291
HOSPITAL SERVICE.

238
00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:46,726
THE MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE WAS

239
00:08:46,792 --> 00:08:48,060
ESTABLISHED BY PRESIDENT JOHN

240
00:08:48,127 --> 00:08:51,697
ADAMS IN 1798, TO TAKE CARE OF

241
00:08:51,764 --> 00:08:54,634
SICK SAILORS.

242
00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:56,669
KEEPING SAILORS HEALTHY WAS OF

243
00:08:56,736 --> 00:08:57,270
PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE BECAUSE

244
00:08:57,336 --> 00:08:59,272
THEY MOVED PEOPLE, GOODS AND

245
00:08:59,338 --> 00:09:02,475
INFORMATION ACROSS OCEANS, DOWN

246
00:09:02,541 --> 00:09:08,047
RIVER, AND TOLU THROUGH CANALS.

247
00:09:08,114 --> 00:09:11,417
THEY WERE THE HIGHWAYS,

248
00:09:11,484 --> 00:09:13,319
TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND THE

249
00:09:13,386 --> 00:09:13,953
INTERNET OF THE TIME.

250
00:09:14,020 --> 00:09:15,688
THEY ALSO CARRIED DISEASE.

251
00:09:15,755 --> 00:09:17,623
HERE'S ALITTLE TONGUE IN CHEEK

252
00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:20,493
VIDEO ABOUT THE EARLY STATE OF

253
00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:31,003
MEDICAL CARE FOR SAILORS.

254
00:09:31,871 --> 00:09:42,248
>> HAVE A SHOT OF WHISKEY.

255
00:09:42,848 --> 00:09:45,318
>> SORRY, I THINK I'VE GOT THE

256
00:09:45,384 --> 00:09:45,484
POX.

257
00:09:45,551 --> 00:09:47,286
>> OH, WELL, HAVE A SHOT OF

258
00:09:47,353 --> 00:09:57,496
WHISKEY.

259
00:09:58,864 --> 00:10:01,534
>> MY HAND HAS BEEN BLOWN OFF BY

260
00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:02,001
A CANNON.

261
00:10:02,068 --> 00:10:03,402
>> OH, I THINK I'LL HAVE A SHOT

262
00:10:03,469 --> 00:10:08,975
OF WHISKEY.

263
00:10:09,041 --> 00:10:10,176
[APPLAUSE]

264
00:10:10,242 --> 00:10:12,445
>> PLEASE NOTE THAT NO SONS IN

265
00:10:12,511 --> 00:10:14,013
LAWS WERE HARMED IN THE MAKING

266
00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:17,984
OF THIS VIDEO.

267
00:10:18,050 --> 00:10:21,420
BUT THE WATCH FAB LEADS US TO

268
00:10:21,487 --> 00:10:24,523
DR. JOSEPH KINYOUN, WHERE NIH

269
00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:27,126
BEGAN WHEN IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN

270
00:10:27,193 --> 00:10:28,327
1887 BY THE MARINE HOSPITAL

271
00:10:28,394 --> 00:10:29,428
SERVICE.

272
00:10:29,495 --> 00:10:31,297
NOTICE THE MICROSCOPE.

273
00:10:31,364 --> 00:10:33,599
IT'S THE SYMBOL OF WHAT WILL

274
00:10:33,666 --> 00:10:34,667
KINYOUN BROUGHT, WHICH IS

275
00:10:34,734 --> 00:10:36,302
TRAINING IN BACTERIOLOGY OR GERM

276
00:10:36,369 --> 00:10:38,137
THERAPY WHEN IT WAS A NEW IDEA.

277
00:10:38,204 --> 00:10:39,472
HIS FIRST ACT WAS TO TAKE THIS

278
00:10:39,538 --> 00:10:41,173
MICROSCOPE AND PROVE THAT

279
00:10:41,240 --> 00:10:45,211
CHOLERA WAS THE CULL PRET CULPRT

280
00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:46,645
SICKENING PEOPLE ON A SHIP IN

281
00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:47,580
THE HARBOR.

282
00:10:47,646 --> 00:10:50,249
HE ALSO HELPED BRING BACK

283
00:10:50,316 --> 00:10:50,950
VACCINES PARTICULARLY FOR

284
00:10:51,017 --> 00:10:52,284
DIPHTHERIA AND RABIES TO THE

285
00:10:52,351 --> 00:10:53,152
UNITED STATES AND MOST

286
00:10:53,219 --> 00:10:54,253
IMPORTANT, HE GOT LABORATORY

287
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:55,554
SCIENCE RECOGNIZED AS A TOOL OF

288
00:10:55,621 --> 00:10:56,655
PUBLIC HEALTH.

289
00:10:56,722 --> 00:10:59,658
HE WAS SO SUCCESSFUL THAT

290
00:10:59,725 --> 00:11:00,793
CONGRESS MOVED THE HYGIENIC

291
00:11:00,860 --> 00:11:01,861
LABORATORY TO WASHINGTON, D.C.,

292
00:11:01,927 --> 00:11:04,363
FROM NEW YORK.

293
00:11:04,430 --> 00:11:05,398
RIGHT ACROSS THE STREET FROM

294
00:11:05,464 --> 00:11:06,732
THEM, WHERE HE COULD DO STUDIES

295
00:11:06,799 --> 00:11:09,135
ON THE AIR QUALITY IN THE

296
00:11:09,201 --> 00:11:09,802
CONGRESSIONAL CHAMBERS, WHICH

297
00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:11,337
WAS REALLY POOR BECAUSE OF ALL

298
00:11:11,404 --> 00:11:13,339
THE CIGAR SMOKE AND POOR

299
00:11:13,406 --> 00:11:14,540
VENTILATION.

300
00:11:14,607 --> 00:11:16,108
AND ALSO DID STUDIES ON THE

301
00:11:16,175 --> 00:11:21,781
SAFETY OF WATER IN D.C. .

302
00:11:21,847 --> 00:11:24,116
THIS IS DR. JOSEPH GOLD BERGER'S

303
00:11:24,183 --> 00:11:26,218
DIARY FOR 1915, WHEN HE TREKKED

304
00:11:26,285 --> 00:11:27,586
ACROSS THE AMERICAN SOUTH

305
00:11:27,653 --> 00:11:29,188
THROUGH ORPHANAGES, LUMBER

306
00:11:29,255 --> 00:11:31,690
CAMPS, FARMS, ASYLUMS, PRISONS

307
00:11:31,757 --> 00:11:32,892
AND HOSPITALS, TO INVESTIGATE

308
00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:38,664
THE CAUSE OF PULAGRA.

309
00:11:38,731 --> 00:11:41,300
THEY ASKED HIM TO RESPOND TO THE

310
00:11:41,367 --> 00:11:42,735
RISING NUMBER OF CASES WHICH

311
00:11:42,802 --> 00:11:45,071
CAUSES THE THREE Ds.

312
00:11:45,137 --> 00:11:46,772
DIARRHEA, DEMENTIA AND DEATH.

313
00:11:46,839 --> 00:11:48,641
IT KILLED ABOUT 100,000

314
00:11:48,707 --> 00:11:50,676
AMERICANS IN THE EARLY 20TH

315
00:11:50,743 --> 00:11:53,312
CENTURY, MAINLY IN THE SOUTH.

316
00:11:53,379 --> 00:11:57,583
KEN YO YON HAD DONE HIS WORK SO

317
00:11:57,650 --> 00:11:59,251
WELL THAT IT WAS ASSUMED TO BE

318
00:11:59,318 --> 00:12:00,719
INFECTIOUS.

319
00:12:00,786 --> 00:12:02,288
BUT GOLDBERGER DEMONSTRATED THAT

320
00:12:02,354 --> 00:12:05,458
IT WAS CAUSED BY POOR NUTRITION.

321
00:12:05,524 --> 00:12:07,426
A DEFICIENCY OF THE B VITAMIN

322
00:12:07,493 --> 00:12:09,128
NIACIN WAS LATER IDENTIFIED AS

323
00:12:09,195 --> 00:12:13,232
THE SPECIFIC CAUSE.

324
00:12:13,299 --> 00:12:14,533
THIS DIARY IS THE ENTRY POINT

325
00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:16,335
INTO SO MANY OTHER STORIES TOO,

326
00:12:16,402 --> 00:12:17,837
BECAUSE HYGIENIC LABORATORY

327
00:12:17,903 --> 00:12:19,605
RESEARCHERS SUCH AS GOLDBERGER

328
00:12:19,672 --> 00:12:22,174
WERE FIELD WORKERS AND

329
00:12:22,241 --> 00:12:23,409
EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, GOING WHERE THE

330
00:12:23,476 --> 00:12:26,378
OUTBREAKS WERE TO STUDY

331
00:12:26,445 --> 00:12:34,987
TULAREMIA, TI TYPHUS, ROCKY

332
00:12:35,054 --> 00:12:36,222
MOUNTAIN FEVER.

333
00:12:36,288 --> 00:12:38,491
RESEARCHERS SELF-TESTED TOO.

334
00:12:38,557 --> 00:12:39,692
GOLDBERGER, WITH THE BODILY

335
00:12:39,758 --> 00:12:40,693
SECRETIONINGS OF SICK PEOPLE, TO

336
00:12:40,759 --> 00:12:43,095
SEE IF HE GOT SICK.

337
00:12:43,162 --> 00:12:44,463
GOLDBERGER'S WORK ALSO

338
00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:46,398
ENGENDERED POLITICAL BACKLASH.

339
00:12:46,465 --> 00:12:47,566
SOUTHERN LEADERS THOUGHT IT CAST

340
00:12:47,633 --> 00:12:49,435
A POOR LIGHT ON THE ECONOMIC AND

341
00:12:49,502 --> 00:12:50,769
RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THEIR

342
00:12:50,836 --> 00:12:51,871
STATES.

343
00:12:51,937 --> 00:12:54,440
WHICH HAD DID.

344
00:12:54,507 --> 00:12:55,107
WHICH IT DID.

345
00:12:55,174 --> 00:12:57,176
AND IT ALSO OPENED UP A WHOLE

346
00:12:57,243 --> 00:12:59,478
NEW AVENUE OF RESEARCH.

347
00:12:59,545 --> 00:13:00,913
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES.

348
00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:02,648
AND GOLDBERGER'S WORK IS AN

349
00:13:02,715 --> 00:13:03,782
EXAMPLE OF ALL THE OTHER NEW

350
00:13:03,849 --> 00:13:07,386
AREAS OF RESEARCH THE HYGIENIC

351
00:13:07,453 --> 00:13:08,921
LABORATORY AND THEN THE NATIONAL

352
00:13:08,988 --> 00:13:10,189
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH STARTING IN

353
00:13:10,256 --> 00:13:11,690
1930 WERE INVOLVED IN DURING THE

354
00:13:11,757 --> 00:13:13,092
FIRST DECADES OF THE 20TH

355
00:13:13,159 --> 00:13:14,460
CENTURY.

356
00:13:14,527 --> 00:13:17,530
THEY DID STUDIES OF THE HEALTH

357
00:13:17,596 --> 00:13:20,099
OF TOLLTAKERS BECAUSE OF THE AIR

358
00:13:20,166 --> 00:13:22,801
PLAWTION THEY WERE EXPOSED TO,

359
00:13:22,868 --> 00:13:24,737
OF ANAPHYLAXIS, CAME UP WITH A

360
00:13:24,803 --> 00:13:27,473
CURE FOR MERCURY POISONING,

361
00:13:27,540 --> 00:13:29,008
INVESTIGATED THE BENEFITS AND

362
00:13:29,074 --> 00:13:32,111
PROBLEMS OF FLUORIDE AND

363
00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:34,180
SELENIUM, ADDED ANOTHER NEW

364
00:13:34,246 --> 00:13:35,381
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE WITH

365
00:13:35,447 --> 00:13:39,084
A LACK OF RIBOFLAVIN,

366
00:13:39,151 --> 00:13:41,053
INVESTIGATED TRICHINOSIS AND

367
00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:42,755
MALARIA, AND LOOKED AT NEW

368
00:13:42,821 --> 00:13:44,356
VECTORS AND RESERVOIRS OF

369
00:13:44,423 --> 00:13:47,493
DISEASE LIKE RABBITS AND DEER,

370
00:13:47,560 --> 00:13:52,865
MOSQUITOES AND TICKS.

371
00:13:52,932 --> 00:13:55,401
IN 1938, NIH BEGAN ITS MOVE FROM

372
00:13:55,467 --> 00:13:57,002
WASHINGTON, D.C. TO BETHESDA,

373
00:13:57,069 --> 00:13:58,170
MARYLAND, AND MORE ON THAT IN A

374
00:13:58,237 --> 00:13:59,338
MOMENT.

375
00:13:59,405 --> 00:14:01,307
THESE ARE THE ELECTRICAL WALL

376
00:14:01,373 --> 00:14:02,908
PANELS FROM BUILDING 2.

377
00:14:02,975 --> 00:14:04,243
THEY'RE ON THE LEFT.

378
00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:06,745
INSTALLED IN 1937 WHEN IT WAS

379
00:14:06,812 --> 00:14:08,080
CONSTRUCTED AS A

380
00:14:08,147 --> 00:14:08,814
STATE-OF-THE-ART LABORATORY ON

381
00:14:08,881 --> 00:14:10,916
THE NEW CAMPUS.

382
00:14:10,983 --> 00:14:12,718
THE PANELS GAVE SCIENTISTS

383
00:14:12,785 --> 00:14:14,420
FLEXIBLE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC

384
00:14:14,486 --> 00:14:15,854
OUTLETS FOR THEIR EQUIPMENT.

385
00:14:15,921 --> 00:14:17,590
THEY ARE THE PRECURSORS OF

386
00:14:17,656 --> 00:14:18,657
INTERSTITIAL SPACES IN BUILDINGS

387
00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:21,894
TODAY.

388
00:14:21,961 --> 00:14:24,029
SO MANY STORIES FLOW, LIKE

389
00:14:24,096 --> 00:14:25,097
ELECTRICITY, FROM THESE PANELS,

390
00:14:25,164 --> 00:14:27,199
AND OBVIOUSLY THE FIRST STORY

391
00:14:27,266 --> 00:14:28,701
IS, WHAT WAS THE STATE OF THE

392
00:14:28,767 --> 00:14:30,336
ART LABORATORY IN THE LATE

393
00:14:30,402 --> 00:14:31,971
1930s?

394
00:14:32,037 --> 00:14:34,006
WHEN NIH MOVED TO BETHESDA FROM

395
00:14:34,073 --> 00:14:36,642
ITS CRAMPED INADEQUATE BUILDINGS

396
00:14:36,709 --> 00:14:38,244
IN WASHINGTON, D.C., IT WAS A

397
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,446
BIG DEAL TO HAVE THESE WATER AND

398
00:14:40,512 --> 00:14:42,848
GAS AND ELECTRICITY LINES, LARGE

399
00:14:42,915 --> 00:14:45,784
AND EASILY CLEANED LABORATORIES,

400
00:14:45,851 --> 00:14:48,087
ROOM FOR EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS,

401
00:14:48,153 --> 00:14:50,756
AND TELEPHONES IN THE LOBBY OF

402
00:14:50,823 --> 00:14:51,824
EVERY BUILDING.

403
00:14:51,890 --> 00:14:53,792
OR YOU COULD ASK, WHAT KIND OF

404
00:14:53,859 --> 00:14:56,562
WORK WENT ON WITHIN THESE WALLS?

405
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:58,731
WELL, BOOKS COULD BE WRITTEN.

406
00:14:58,797 --> 00:15:00,499
THE FIRST SIX BUILDINGS WERE

407
00:15:00,566 --> 00:15:03,235
DEVOTE TODAY RESEARCH ON

408
00:15:03,302 --> 00:15:04,870
INDUSTRY HYGIENE, BIOLOGICS SUCH

409
00:15:04,937 --> 00:15:06,839
AS VACCINES AND ANTITOXINS,

410
00:15:06,905 --> 00:15:08,374
HEALTH SURVEY, ENVIRONMENTAL

411
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,110
SCIENCE, CHEMISTRY, CANCER, AND

412
00:15:11,176 --> 00:15:13,379
INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC

413
00:15:13,445 --> 00:15:16,315
DISEASES.

414
00:15:16,382 --> 00:15:17,416
AND THERE'S THE STORY OF HOW

415
00:15:17,483 --> 00:15:19,551
THESE LABS CAME TO BETHESDA IN

416
00:15:19,618 --> 00:15:20,019
THE FIRST PLACE.

417
00:15:20,085 --> 00:15:22,621
THAT WAS COURTESY OF LUKE AND

418
00:15:22,688 --> 00:15:24,456
HELEN WILSON, MEETING IN A HALL

419
00:15:24,523 --> 00:15:26,058
NAMED AFTER THEM AND THESE

420
00:15:26,125 --> 00:15:27,192
PORTRAITS ARE HANGING ON THE

421
00:15:27,259 --> 00:15:30,462
WALLS RIGHT NEXT TO US.

422
00:15:30,529 --> 00:15:31,897
THEY WANTED THEIR ESTATE TO BE

423
00:15:31,964 --> 00:15:32,931
USED FOR GOOD BUT THEY HAD

424
00:15:32,998 --> 00:15:34,333
TROUBLE GIVING IT AWAY.

425
00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:36,235
THEY TRIED TO DONATE IT FOR A

426
00:15:36,302 --> 00:15:39,571
COUNTY PARK, A PROGRESSIVE BOYS'

427
00:15:39,638 --> 00:15:41,707
SCHOOL, A TEACHERS' SCHOOL, A

428
00:15:41,774 --> 00:15:42,741
THINK TANK.

429
00:15:42,808 --> 00:15:44,543
BUT THEY DIDN'T LET THE GREAT

430
00:15:44,610 --> 00:15:45,577
DEPRESSION, WHICH DESTROYED

431
00:15:45,644 --> 00:15:46,979
THESE PLAN, KEEP THEM DOWN.

432
00:15:47,046 --> 00:15:48,614
THEY WROTE PRESIDENT FRANKLIN

433
00:15:48,681 --> 00:15:51,884
ROOSEVELT AND FINALLY SOMEONE,

434
00:15:51,950 --> 00:15:56,622
FUTUFUTURE NIH DIRECTOR DR. LEWS

435
00:15:56,689 --> 00:15:57,856
THOMPSON TOOK NOTICE AND THE

436
00:15:57,923 --> 00:16:00,592
REST IS HISTORY.

437
00:16:00,659 --> 00:16:02,094
IT'S NEW DEAL HISTORY.

438
00:16:02,161 --> 00:16:03,329
NIH BECAME THE NATIONAL

439
00:16:03,395 --> 00:16:05,030
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH, SINGULAR,

440
00:16:05,097 --> 00:16:06,865
OUT OF THE HYGIENIC LABORATORY

441
00:16:06,932 --> 00:16:08,667
IN 1930, RIGHT AFTER THE

442
00:16:08,734 --> 00:16:09,301
BEGINNING OF THE GREAT

443
00:16:09,368 --> 00:16:11,637
DEPRESSION.

444
00:16:11,704 --> 00:16:12,438
ROOSEVELT'S ADMINISTRATION,

445
00:16:12,504 --> 00:16:14,506
BEGINNING IN 1933, WAS KNOWN FOR

446
00:16:14,573 --> 00:16:17,109
ITS NEW DEAL TO GIVE PEOPLE

447
00:16:17,176 --> 00:16:19,111
RELIEF AND RECOVER THE ECONOMY

448
00:16:19,178 --> 00:16:22,481
AND REFORM THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM.

449
00:16:22,548 --> 00:16:25,017
AND THE NIH WAS PART OF THAT

450
00:16:25,084 --> 00:16:25,884
PLAN.

451
00:16:25,951 --> 00:16:27,453
THE MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICES

452
00:16:27,519 --> 00:16:31,357
FOCUS ON SAILORS, EXPANDED TO

453
00:16:31,423 --> 00:16:32,558
CONCENTRATE ON THE GENERAL

454
00:16:32,624 --> 00:16:33,992
PUBLIC'S HEALTH, AND NIH TOOK ON

455
00:16:34,059 --> 00:16:34,960
MANY NEW RESPONSIBILITIES.

456
00:16:35,027 --> 00:16:36,362
FOR EXAMPLE, DURING THE

457
00:16:36,428 --> 00:16:37,896
DEPRESSION, THEY DID A STUDY OF

458
00:16:37,963 --> 00:16:39,331
UNHOUSED PEOPLE TO SEE WHO WAS

459
00:16:39,398 --> 00:16:40,699
AFFECTED AND WHAT THEY NEEDED.

460
00:16:40,766 --> 00:16:44,269
THEY ALSO CONDUCTED A NATIONAL

461
00:16:44,336 --> 00:16:46,004
HOSPITAL SURVEY, DISCOVERING

462
00:16:46,071 --> 00:16:47,306
THAT MOST RURAL AREAS WERE

463
00:16:47,373 --> 00:16:48,507
UNDERSERVED AND THAT MOST PEOPLE

464
00:16:48,574 --> 00:16:49,441
ONLY WENT TO THE HOSPITAL FOR

465
00:16:49,508 --> 00:16:52,611
EMERGENCIES.

466
00:16:52,678 --> 00:16:53,545
AN EXAMPLE OF THE MORE THINGS

467
00:16:53,612 --> 00:16:54,880
CHANGED, THE MORE THEY STAYED

468
00:16:54,947 --> 00:16:55,581
THE SAME.

469
00:16:55,647 --> 00:16:57,916
SOME OF NIH'S RESPONSIBILITIES

470
00:16:57,983 --> 00:16:59,184
EVENTUALLY BECAME THE PURVIEW OF

471
00:16:59,251 --> 00:17:02,020
OTHER AGENCIES.

472
00:17:02,087 --> 00:17:03,255
OSHA AND NIOSH TOOK ON THE

473
00:17:03,322 --> 00:17:07,393
HEALTH OF WORKERS, EPA

474
00:17:07,459 --> 00:17:08,660
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,

475
00:17:08,727 --> 00:17:09,862
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WORK AND HEALTH

476
00:17:09,928 --> 00:17:12,398
SURVEYS IS DONE BY CDC, AND FDA

477
00:17:12,464 --> 00:17:14,733
TOOK OVER VACCINE AND DRUG

478
00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:21,006
REGULATION AND LICENSING.

479
00:17:21,073 --> 00:17:22,574
THE NIH WAS A REALLY SMALL PLACE

480
00:17:22,641 --> 00:17:24,777
FOR SO MANY RESPONSIBILITIES.

481
00:17:24,843 --> 00:17:26,512
SO WE HAVE THESE DOZENS OF

482
00:17:26,578 --> 00:17:28,046
DENTAL INSTRUMENTS IN OUR

483
00:17:28,113 --> 00:17:31,717
COLLECTION FROM DR. H. TRENDLEY

484
00:17:31,784 --> 00:17:33,152
DEAN, THE FIRST DENTAL SCIENTIST

485
00:17:33,218 --> 00:17:35,554
AT NIH, STARTING IN 1931 AS PART

486
00:17:35,621 --> 00:17:37,756
OF THE DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.

487
00:17:37,823 --> 00:17:39,425
HE'S BEST KNOWN FOR HIS STUDIES

488
00:17:39,491 --> 00:17:41,026
OF MODEL TEETH AND FLUORIDE THAT

489
00:17:41,093 --> 00:17:43,162
RESULTED IN THE FIRST CITY-WIDE

490
00:17:43,228 --> 00:17:44,863
EDITION OF FLUORIDE TO DRINKING

491
00:17:44,930 --> 00:17:46,498
WATER IN GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN

492
00:17:46,565 --> 00:17:48,801
IN 1945.

493
00:17:48,867 --> 00:17:50,002
DURING WORLD WAR II, THE U.S.

494
00:17:50,068 --> 00:17:51,503
MILITARY DISCOVERED THAT NEARLY

495
00:17:51,570 --> 00:17:55,240
9% OF RECRUITS WHO WERE YOUNG

496
00:17:55,307 --> 00:17:57,209
MEN DIDN'T QUALIFY FOR SERVICE

497
00:17:57,276 --> 00:17:59,511
BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T HAVE SIX

498
00:17:59,578 --> 00:18:03,048
OPPOSING TEETH IN EACH JAW.

499
00:18:03,115 --> 00:18:06,051
AND APPALLED BY THE IMPACT OF

500
00:18:06,118 --> 00:18:07,619
DENTAL DISEASE ON THE U.S.

501
00:18:07,686 --> 00:18:09,688
MILITARY CAPABILITIES AND ON

502
00:18:09,755 --> 00:18:11,924
AMERICANS IN GENERAL, CONGRESS

503
00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:13,025
CREATED THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE

504
00:18:13,091 --> 00:18:15,861
OF DENTAL RESEARCH IN 1948, AND

505
00:18:15,928 --> 00:18:18,597
DEAN BECAME ITS FIRST DIRECTOR.

506
00:18:18,664 --> 00:18:20,966
THAT'S JUST ONE AMAZING STORY

507
00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:22,601
THESE DENTAL TOOLS REPRESENT,

508
00:18:22,668 --> 00:18:25,070
HOW NATIONAL NEEDS, FOR EXAMPLE,

509
00:18:25,137 --> 00:18:27,239
SOLDIERS WITH TEETH, CAN MAKE

510
00:18:27,306 --> 00:18:32,678
SOME RESEARCH AREAS IMPERATIVE.

511
00:18:32,744 --> 00:18:34,980
BUT TO ME, THE MOST POWERFUL

512
00:18:35,047 --> 00:18:36,215
STORY THESE DENTAL TOOLS TELL IS

513
00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:37,749
THE POWER OF ONE.

514
00:18:37,816 --> 00:18:41,220
THE POWER OF ONE PERSON, LIKE H.

515
00:18:41,286 --> 00:18:43,522
TRENDLEY DEAN, AND CERTAINLY

516
00:18:43,589 --> 00:18:48,260
JOSEPH KINYOUN, THE PROBLEM OF

517
00:18:48,327 --> 00:18:49,228
ONE DISEASE, ONE OUTBREAK, ONE

518
00:18:49,294 --> 00:18:50,395
CONDITION THAT CAN SPUR NEW

519
00:18:50,462 --> 00:18:51,697
KNOWLEDGE AND WHOLE NEW FIELDS

520
00:18:51,763 --> 00:18:54,066
OF RESEARCH, AND THE POWER OF

521
00:18:54,132 --> 00:18:55,501
ONE LEGISLATIVE ACT, BECAUSE

522
00:18:55,567 --> 00:18:56,768
WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL BACKING,

523
00:18:56,835 --> 00:18:58,337
NOT MUCH OCCURS.

524
00:18:58,403 --> 00:19:00,305
FOR EXAMPLE, THE LEGISLATIVE

525
00:19:00,372 --> 00:19:01,373
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NIH

526
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,077
CLINICAL CENTER IN 1947 WAS A

527
00:19:05,143 --> 00:19:06,912
SEMINOLE MOMENT FOR CLINICAL

528
00:19:06,979 --> 00:19:08,981
RESEARCH ACROSS THE GLOBE.

529
00:19:09,047 --> 00:19:10,816
AND SIX CURRENT NIH INSTITUTES

530
00:19:10,883 --> 00:19:13,485
TRACE BACK TO A FLURRY OF

531
00:19:13,552 --> 00:19:16,121
LEGISLATION IN 1948.

532
00:19:16,188 --> 00:19:21,260
NIDCR, NHLBI, NIAID, NIAMS,

533
00:19:21,326 --> 00:19:22,794
NIDDK, AND NIMH.

534
00:19:22,861 --> 00:19:24,863
AND I APOLOGIZE FOR THE ALPHABET

535
00:19:24,930 --> 00:19:25,831
SOUP.

536
00:19:25,898 --> 00:19:28,634
SO IN 1948, THE NATIONAL

537
00:19:28,700 --> 00:19:31,803
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH BECAME THE

538
00:19:31,870 --> 00:19:32,804
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.

539
00:19:32,871 --> 00:19:37,643
OUT OF ONE CAME MANY.

540
00:19:37,709 --> 00:19:39,444
SO NOW WE'RE GOING TO SWITCH TO

541
00:19:39,511 --> 00:19:44,850
SOME BIG THEMES IN NIH HISTORY.

542
00:19:44,917 --> 00:19:51,223
THIS DEVICE WAS DEVELOPED BY DRN

543
00:19:51,290 --> 00:19:52,491
AT THE ENGINEERING AND

544
00:19:52,558 --> 00:19:53,158
INSTRUMENTATION BRANCH.

545
00:19:53,225 --> 00:19:55,928
INSTEAD OF USING A SINGLE FILTER

546
00:19:55,994 --> 00:19:57,262
TO SEPARATE OR PRECIPITATE

547
00:19:57,329 --> 00:19:59,298
SEDIMENT FROM A LIQUID CARRIER,

548
00:19:59,364 --> 00:20:05,871
THEY HAD 45, PULLED SAMENT

549
00:20:05,938 --> 00:20:07,706
SAMPLES THROUGH THE FILTER SO

550
00:20:07,773 --> 00:20:08,907
THE SEPARATION PROCESS BECAME SO

551
00:20:08,974 --> 00:20:11,209
MUCH FASTER WHEN YOU COULD DO 45

552
00:20:11,276 --> 00:20:12,544
SAMPLES INSTEAD OF JUST ONE AT A

553
00:20:12,611 --> 00:20:14,313
TIME.

554
00:20:14,379 --> 00:20:15,914
SO IMAGINE THAT SOMETHING THAT

555
00:20:15,981 --> 00:20:18,483
YOU INVENTED WAS USED BY NOT ONE

556
00:20:18,550 --> 00:20:20,886
BUT TWO PEOPLE WHO BECAME NOBLE

557
00:20:20,953 --> 00:20:26,725
LAUREATES.

558
00:20:26,792 --> 00:20:29,061
NUREMBERG USED TO HELP DECIPHER

559
00:20:29,127 --> 00:20:29,995
THE GENETIC CODE.

560
00:20:30,062 --> 00:20:31,563
WHERE WOULD TODAY'S SCIENCE BE

561
00:20:31,630 --> 00:20:32,531
WITHOUT GENETICS?

562
00:20:32,598 --> 00:20:36,368
IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAGINE.

563
00:20:36,435 --> 00:20:37,903
AND MARTIN RODBELL USED IT IN

564
00:20:37,970 --> 00:20:39,671
HIS WORK, RESULTING IN THE

565
00:20:39,738 --> 00:20:41,840
DISCOVERY OF HOW CELLS SIGNAL

566
00:20:41,907 --> 00:20:42,274
EACH OTHER.

567
00:20:42,341 --> 00:20:43,642
SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR

568
00:20:43,709 --> 00:20:46,311
BAYOLOGY WOULD NEVER BE THE SA

569
00:20:46,378 --> 00:20:47,946
SAME.

570
00:20:48,013 --> 00:20:49,314
THE MULTI-PLATER ALSO SPEAKS TO

571
00:20:49,381 --> 00:20:50,616
THE HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY

572
00:20:50,682 --> 00:20:53,151
TRANSFER AT NIH.

573
00:20:53,218 --> 00:20:55,187
THEY HELD A PATENT ON THE

574
00:20:55,253 --> 00:20:56,154
MULTI-PLATER BUT INVENTERS AT

575
00:20:56,221 --> 00:20:57,723
NIH DIDN'T ALWAYS GET TO PATENT

576
00:20:57,789 --> 00:20:58,390
THEIR INVENTIONS.

577
00:20:58,457 --> 00:20:59,691
AND A WHOLE POLICY AND PROGRAM

578
00:20:59,758 --> 00:21:02,694
HAD TO BE INVENTED TO

579
00:21:02,761 --> 00:21:03,795
COMMERCIALIZE SUCH DISCOVERIES

580
00:21:03,862 --> 00:21:07,332
AT NIH.

581
00:21:07,399 --> 00:21:08,367
THE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY

582
00:21:08,433 --> 00:21:09,468
TRANSFER.

583
00:21:09,534 --> 00:21:14,573
FROM ACCUTECT TO ZILVER,

584
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:16,241
HUNDREDS OF INVENTIONS FROM NIH

585
00:21:16,308 --> 00:21:18,076
HAVE GONE COMMERCIAL.

586
00:21:18,143 --> 00:21:24,216
THIS IS AN ARTIFICIAL HEART

587
00:21:24,282 --> 00:21:26,251
VALVE.

588
00:21:26,318 --> 00:21:31,356
THEIR ASSISTANT HAND SEWED ONTO

589
00:21:31,423 --> 00:21:33,258
IT.

590
00:21:33,325 --> 00:21:34,559
BRAUNWALD IMPLANTED IT INTO A

591
00:21:34,626 --> 00:21:35,527
WOMAN IN 1960.

592
00:21:35,594 --> 00:21:37,896
IT WAS THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL

593
00:21:37,963 --> 00:21:39,031
MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT.

594
00:21:39,097 --> 00:21:41,800
OUR DEEPEST COLLECTION IS

595
00:21:41,867 --> 00:21:42,467
CARDIOLOGY-RELATED.

596
00:21:42,534 --> 00:21:45,203
HEART VALVES, CARDIAC SURGERY

597
00:21:45,270 --> 00:21:47,205
EQUIPMENT, ARTIFICIAL HEARTS,

598
00:21:47,272 --> 00:21:48,507
VENTILATORS, HEART MODELS AND SO

599
00:21:48,573 --> 00:21:50,008
ON.

600
00:21:50,075 --> 00:21:52,210
AND LIKE ALL OF THESE ARTIFACTS,

601
00:21:52,277 --> 00:21:53,612
THIS LITTLE PIECE OF

602
00:21:53,679 --> 00:21:55,147
POLYURETHANE IS THE ENTRY POINT

603
00:21:55,213 --> 00:21:56,982
INTO SO MANY STORIES.

604
00:21:57,049 --> 00:21:59,785
FOR EXAMPLE, MOST PEOPLE DON'T

605
00:21:59,851 --> 00:22:01,987
KNOW THAT HEART PROBLEMS USED TO

606
00:22:02,054 --> 00:22:03,488
AFFECT MORE CHILDREN, BECAUSE

607
00:22:03,555 --> 00:22:04,856
RHEUMATIC FEVER, WHICH CAN

608
00:22:04,923 --> 00:22:06,625
DEVELOP FROM STREP THROAT, SAY,

609
00:22:06,692 --> 00:22:08,326
DAMAGED THEIR HEARTS.

610
00:22:08,393 --> 00:22:10,228
ONCE THERE WERE ANTIBIOTICS,

611
00:22:10,295 --> 00:22:11,463
HOWEVER, HEART PROBLEMS BECAME

612
00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:13,999
THE DOMAIN OF THE ADULT.

613
00:22:14,066 --> 00:22:16,134
NIH DID A LOT OF STUDIES ON

614
00:22:16,201 --> 00:22:17,936
RHEUMATIC FEVER, HEART PROBLEMS

615
00:22:18,003 --> 00:22:19,538
IN CHILDREN STARTING IN THE

616
00:22:19,604 --> 00:22:21,740
1930s, AND OUR SURGERY PROGRAM

617
00:22:21,807 --> 00:22:25,377
IN THE 1960s INCLUDED MANY

618
00:22:25,444 --> 00:22:27,312
CHILDREN.

619
00:22:27,379 --> 00:22:28,513
OR YOU COULD TALK ABOUT HOW NIH

620
00:22:28,580 --> 00:22:30,949
IS IN A UNIQUE POSITION TO SET

621
00:22:31,016 --> 00:22:32,084
STANDARDS, LIKE THEY DID FOR

622
00:22:32,150 --> 00:22:33,085
HEART VALVE SURGERY.

623
00:22:33,151 --> 00:22:35,387
ONCE THE HEART LUNG MACHINE MADE

624
00:22:35,454 --> 00:22:39,958
SUCH SURGE  SURGERY POSSIBLE, EY

625
00:22:40,025 --> 00:22:41,526
SURGEON DESIGNER WAS MAKE HEART

626
00:22:41,593 --> 00:22:42,761
VALVES OF DIFFERENT SHAPES AND

627
00:22:42,828 --> 00:22:45,330
OUT OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS.

628
00:22:45,397 --> 00:22:46,998
THIS HAS BEEN REFERRED TO AS

629
00:22:47,065 --> 00:22:48,366
HISTORIANS OF THE WILD WEST OF

630
00:22:48,433 --> 00:22:49,835
ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVE RESEARCH.

631
00:22:49,901 --> 00:22:51,837
BUT NIH TOOK A SYSTEMATIC

632
00:22:51,903 --> 00:22:53,438
APPROACH AND TESTED MOST OF

633
00:22:53,505 --> 00:22:55,907
THESE VALVES AND CAME UP WITH

634
00:22:55,974 --> 00:22:57,709
STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL HEART

635
00:22:57,776 --> 00:23:00,612
VALVE DESIGN FOR WHO SHOULD GET

636
00:23:00,679 --> 00:23:01,947
THEM AND FOR WHEN THE

637
00:23:02,013 --> 00:23:03,081
REPLACEMENT SHOULD BE DONE.

638
00:23:03,148 --> 00:23:05,016
FINALLY, THE FDA WAS GIVEN

639
00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:05,917
REGULATORY AUTHORITY OVER

640
00:23:05,984 --> 00:23:07,986
MEDICAL DEVICES, BUT A GOOD DEAL

641
00:23:08,053 --> 00:23:10,522
OF THE WORK FOR HEART VALVES AND

642
00:23:10,589 --> 00:23:11,690
CARDIAC SURGERY IN GENERAL HAD

643
00:23:11,757 --> 00:23:15,527
ALREADY BEEN DONE AT NIH.

644
00:23:15,594 --> 00:23:16,194
BUT THAT'S NIH.

645
00:23:16,261 --> 00:23:18,230
FOR EXAMPLE, IN OTHER HOSPITALS,

646
00:23:18,296 --> 00:23:20,632
BLOOD BANKS OR PATHOLOGY LABS OR

647
00:23:20,699 --> 00:23:23,101
DIAGNOSTIC LABS ARE STRICTLY

648
00:23:23,168 --> 00:23:24,269
SERVICE-ORIENTED, BUT AT THE NIH

649
00:23:24,336 --> 00:23:27,072
CLINICAL CENTER, THEY CONDUCT

650
00:23:27,139 --> 00:23:29,674
RESEARCH TOO.

651
00:23:29,741 --> 00:23:32,544
SO THEY ARE ABLE TO HELP SET

652
00:23:32,611 --> 00:23:34,746
STANDARDS FOR THESE DISCIPLINES.

653
00:23:34,813 --> 00:23:35,781
DR. HARVEY ALTER, THE DEPARTMENT

654
00:23:35,847 --> 00:23:36,915
OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE, ALSO

655
00:23:36,982 --> 00:23:39,217
KNOWN AS THE BLOOD BANK, WON A

656
00:23:39,284 --> 00:23:40,719
NOBEL PRIZE IN 2020.

657
00:23:40,786 --> 00:23:42,654
IN THE COURSE OF CONDUCTING HIS

658
00:23:42,721 --> 00:23:44,189
PRIZE-WINNING RESEARCH ON

659
00:23:44,256 --> 00:23:45,690
HEPATITIS, HE HELPED SET

660
00:23:45,757 --> 00:23:47,359
NATIONAL STANDARDS OF ALL KINDS

661
00:23:47,425 --> 00:23:48,560
TO PROTECT THE SAFETY OF OUR

662
00:23:48,627 --> 00:23:53,165
BLOOD SUPPLY.

663
00:23:53,231 --> 00:23:55,967
WE'VE DONE AN EXHIBIT ABOUT HIM

664
00:23:56,034 --> 00:23:56,701
IN THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR.

665
00:23:56,768 --> 00:23:59,504
IN THIS PHOTO, DR. NINA

666
00:23:59,571 --> 00:24:03,475
BRAUNWALD IS PE PERFORMING SURG,

667
00:24:03,542 --> 00:24:04,910
THE FIRST WOMAN TO BE BOARD

668
00:24:04,976 --> 00:24:06,344
CERTIFIED IN THORACIC SURGERY.

669
00:24:06,411 --> 00:24:07,612
WHICH LEADS US TO ANOTHER OBJECT

670
00:24:07,679 --> 00:24:09,548
AND ANOTHER STORY.

671
00:24:09,614 --> 00:24:11,550
THE QUESTION OF WHO WORKS AT

672
00:24:11,616 --> 00:24:16,588
NIH.

673
00:24:16,655 --> 00:24:18,557
THIS TEXTBOOK BELONGED TO GLEND

674
00:24:18,623 --> 00:24:20,859
LIN COOPER WHO ATTENDED LANGSTON

675
00:24:20,926 --> 00:24:22,260
UNIVERSITY IN LANGSTON,

676
00:24:22,327 --> 00:24:24,462
OKLAHOMA, RECEIVING HER B.S. IN

677
00:24:24,529 --> 00:24:24,663
1960.

678
00:24:24,729 --> 00:24:26,298
SHE RECEIVED HER M.S. IN

679
00:24:26,364 --> 00:24:28,400
BIOCHEMISTRY IN 1956.

680
00:24:28,466 --> 00:24:30,368
THIS BOOK WAS PRINTED ON EVERY

681
00:24:30,435 --> 00:24:32,237
OTHER PAGE THAT STUDENTS COULD

682
00:24:32,304 --> 00:24:33,839
WRITE THEIR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

683
00:24:33,905 --> 00:24:35,073
ON THE BLANK PAGES, WHICH YOU

684
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:37,342
CAN SEE THAT SHE DID HERE.

685
00:24:37,409 --> 00:24:41,279
SHE JOINED NIAID'S LABORATORY OF

686
00:24:41,346 --> 00:24:43,248
INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN 1957, AND

687
00:24:43,315 --> 00:24:46,017
THEN WORKED WITH DR. SHELDON

688
00:24:46,084 --> 00:24:47,986
DRAI AND ROSEMAGE IN THE

689
00:24:48,053 --> 00:24:49,054
LABORATORY OF IMMUNOLOGY.

690
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:52,090
SHE WAS CO-AUTHOR ON THEIR FIRST

691
00:24:52,157 --> 00:24:53,291
RECOMBINANT DNA PAPER.

692
00:24:53,358 --> 00:24:54,459
ALTHOUGH SHE WAS A TECHNICIAN,

693
00:24:54,526 --> 00:24:56,361
SHE WAS TREATED AS A SCIENTIST

694
00:24:56,428 --> 00:24:58,563
AND RECEIVED FIRST AUTHORSHIP ON

695
00:24:58,630 --> 00:25:00,866
PAPERS, WHICH IS UNUSUAL.

696
00:25:00,932 --> 00:25:03,435
LIKE MANY BLACK STAFF, SHE GOT

697
00:25:03,501 --> 00:25:05,136
INVOLVED IN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT

698
00:25:05,203 --> 00:25:07,706
DUTIES AND WAS AWARDED THE FIRST

699
00:25:07,772 --> 00:25:09,407
NIAID SPECIAL EQUAL EMPLOYMENT

700
00:25:09,474 --> 00:25:10,876
OPPORTUNITY ACHIEVEMENT AWARD IN

701
00:25:10,942 --> 00:25:13,745
1975.

702
00:25:13,812 --> 00:25:14,713
MS. YOUNG COOPER IS AN EXAMPLE

703
00:25:14,779 --> 00:25:16,781
OF THE LARGER STORY OF WHO WORKS

704
00:25:16,848 --> 00:25:19,351
AT NIH, AND WHAT THEY DO.

705
00:25:19,417 --> 00:25:21,219
SHE REPRESENTS THE COMPLICATED

706
00:25:21,286 --> 00:25:22,621
AND NOT ALWAYS FLATTERING

707
00:25:22,687 --> 00:25:24,289
HISTORY OF PEOPLE OF COLOR AND

708
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:25,924
WOMEN HERE.

709
00:25:25,991 --> 00:25:28,493
THERE WAS SEGREGATION AT NIH.

710
00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:31,630
THE PHYSICAL SEGREGATION OF

711
00:25:31,696 --> 00:25:33,331
PEOPLE NOT BEING WELCOMED TO EAT

712
00:25:33,398 --> 00:25:35,100
OR GO TO THE BATHROOM OR JOIN

713
00:25:35,166 --> 00:25:36,534
THE SAME BASEBALL TEAM AS

714
00:25:36,601 --> 00:25:38,370
OTHERS.

715
00:25:38,436 --> 00:25:40,839
AND THE INSIDIOUS DISCRIMINATION

716
00:25:40,906 --> 00:25:42,641
OF WHO WAS HIRED TO DO WHOLE

717
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:46,044
CATEGORIES OF JOBS AND WHETHER

718
00:25:46,111 --> 00:25:47,245
THEY WERE PROMOTED OR HAD

719
00:25:47,312 --> 00:25:50,749
OPPORTUNITIES TO BECOME LEADERS.

720
00:25:50,815 --> 00:25:52,484
NIH DID GET SOME THINGS RIGHT,

721
00:25:52,550 --> 00:25:54,119
THOUGH, IN GENERAL.

722
00:25:54,185 --> 00:25:55,487
UNLIKE MANY UNIVERSITIES, NIH

723
00:25:55,553 --> 00:25:57,589
HAD NO QUOTA ON HOW MANY JEWISH

724
00:25:57,656 --> 00:25:58,723
PEOPLE COULD WORK HERE.

725
00:25:58,790 --> 00:26:02,360
SO THAT MANY MADE SEMINOLE

726
00:26:02,427 --> 00:26:03,028
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIELDS THAT

727
00:26:03,094 --> 00:26:04,195
THEY TRAINED FOR.

728
00:26:04,262 --> 00:26:05,730
THERE WERE ALSO NO NEPOTISM

729
00:26:05,797 --> 00:26:08,466
RULES SO THAT BOTH PARTNERS IN A

730
00:26:08,533 --> 00:26:09,701
MARRIED COUPLE COULD FIND

731
00:26:09,768 --> 00:26:11,336
MEANINGFUL WORK, UNLIKE AT

732
00:26:11,403 --> 00:26:12,337
UNIVERSITIES, WHICH USED SUCH

733
00:26:12,404 --> 00:26:14,272
RULES TO KEEP WOMEN OFF THE

734
00:26:14,339 --> 00:26:14,839
FACULTY.

735
00:26:14,906 --> 00:26:16,675
ONE PERSON WHO EXEMPLIFIES BOTH

736
00:26:16,741 --> 00:26:21,947
OF THESE POLICIES IS DR. RUTH

737
00:26:22,013 --> 00:26:23,415
KIRSCHSTEIN WHO DID IMPORTANT

738
00:26:23,481 --> 00:26:25,684
WORK ON POLIO VACCINES AND

739
00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:27,719
BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN INSTITUTE

740
00:26:27,786 --> 00:26:31,556
DIRECTOR AT AND SERVED AS NIH

741
00:26:31,623 --> 00:26:32,857
ACTING DIRECTOR TWICE, ALTHOUGH

742
00:26:32,924 --> 00:26:34,526
EVEN SHE COULDN'T BREAK THAT

743
00:26:34,592 --> 00:26:36,661
GLASS CEILING AND BECOME

744
00:26:36,728 --> 00:26:37,796
DIRECTOR.

745
00:26:37,862 --> 00:26:43,001
SHE AND DR. ALLAN RABSON WERE

746
00:26:43,068 --> 00:26:43,768
MARRIED, JUST TWO OF SEVERAL

747
00:26:43,835 --> 00:26:45,704
POWER COUPLES AT NIH.

748
00:26:45,770 --> 00:26:46,771
KIRSCHSTEIN PAID IT FORWARD,

749
00:26:46,838 --> 00:26:47,539
ESTABLISHING PROGRAMS FOR

750
00:26:47,605 --> 00:26:49,307
MINORITIES WHO WERE INTERESTED

751
00:26:49,374 --> 00:26:51,676
IN SCIENTIFIC CAREERS.

752
00:26:51,743 --> 00:26:53,979
NIH HAS ALSO BEEN WELCOMING TO

753
00:26:54,045 --> 00:26:54,980
IMMIGRANTS.

754
00:26:55,046 --> 00:26:56,181
PEOPLE MIGHT FLEA THEIR

755
00:26:56,247 --> 00:26:57,248
COUNTRIES, OR JUST FIND THEY

756
00:26:57,315 --> 00:26:58,950
DIDN'T HAVE A PATH FORWARD IN

757
00:26:59,017 --> 00:27:00,151
THE SUBJECT AREA THEY WERE

758
00:27:00,218 --> 00:27:01,186
TRAINED FOR IN THEIR HOME

759
00:27:01,252 --> 00:27:02,921
COUNTRY.

760
00:27:02,988 --> 00:27:05,490
SO AT NIH, THERE WERE AND ARE

761
00:27:05,557 --> 00:27:06,758
PEOPLE FROM ALL AROUND THE

762
00:27:06,825 --> 00:27:07,425
GLOBE.

763
00:27:07,492 --> 00:27:11,162
FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THE CHINESE

764
00:27:11,229 --> 00:27:13,965
EXCLUSION ACT WAS REPEALED IN

765
00:27:14,032 --> 00:27:15,533
1943, NIH BEGAN HOSTING NIH

766
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:16,668
SCIENTISTS AND HIRING PEOPLE WHO

767
00:27:16,735 --> 00:27:18,269
HAD ESCAPED FROM THE CIVIL WAR

768
00:27:18,336 --> 00:27:20,572
IN COMMUNIST TAKEOVER THERE.

769
00:27:20,638 --> 00:27:23,908
ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS DR. THEODORE

770
00:27:23,975 --> 00:27:27,178
COLIBO, WHO ESCAPED THE NAZIS IN

771
00:27:27,245 --> 00:27:29,948
HIS NATIVE HISTONE YA AS A BOY

772
00:27:30,015 --> 00:27:31,983
AND ENDED UP AT NIH AFTER WORLD

773
00:27:32,050 --> 00:27:32,384
WAR II.

774
00:27:32,450 --> 00:27:34,419
HE HELPED INVENT THE VENTILATOR,

775
00:27:34,486 --> 00:27:38,023
AND WAS THE FOUNDER OF ECMO,

776
00:27:38,089 --> 00:27:42,260
NEVER CAN SAY THAT, EXTRA

777
00:27:42,327 --> 00:27:43,228
CORPORIAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION.

778
00:27:43,294 --> 00:27:44,229
WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED OVER

779
00:27:44,295 --> 00:27:46,564
THE PAST THREE YEARS OF A

780
00:27:46,631 --> 00:27:47,999
RESPIRATORY PANDEMIC WITHOUT

781
00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:51,069
THESE THERAPIES?

782
00:27:51,136 --> 00:27:54,572
AS I TALKED ABOUT RUTH

783
00:27:54,639 --> 00:27:56,875
KIRSCHSTEIN, NIH HAS BEEN

784
00:27:56,941 --> 00:27:58,209
ATTEMPTING TO BRING IN MORE

785
00:27:58,276 --> 00:28:01,146
DIVERSE PEOPLE FOR OVER 50

786
00:28:01,212 --> 00:28:01,446
YEARS.

787
00:28:01,513 --> 00:28:03,548
TO SOME EXTENT, HISTORICAL

788
00:28:03,615 --> 00:28:05,016
CONDITIONS NOT UNDER NIH'S

789
00:28:05,083 --> 00:28:05,250
CONTROL.

790
00:28:05,316 --> 00:28:07,719
AND TO DOCUMENT ALL OF THE

791
00:28:07,786 --> 00:28:09,120
STORIES OF THE PEOPLE OF COLOR,

792
00:28:09,187 --> 00:28:11,256
WOMEN, IMMIGRANT, JEWISH AND

793
00:28:11,322 --> 00:28:14,826
OTHER RELIGIOUS MINORITIES, WE

794
00:28:14,893 --> 00:28:15,593
HAVE -- NOT MUCH.

795
00:28:15,660 --> 00:28:17,796
FOR A LONG TIME, THE STETTEN

796
00:28:17,862 --> 00:28:19,397
MUSEUM CONCENTRATED SOLELY ON

797
00:28:19,464 --> 00:28:22,700
SCIENCE AND NOT THE PEOPLE WHO

798
00:28:22,767 --> 00:28:23,735
CONDUCT IT OR MAKE IT POSSIBLE

799
00:28:23,802 --> 00:28:25,103
SO WE HAVE A LOT OF TIME TO MAKE

800
00:28:25,170 --> 00:28:26,671
UP FOR.

801
00:28:26,738 --> 00:28:28,540
WE ASK FOR YOUR HELP TO DOCUMENT

802
00:28:28,606 --> 00:28:29,741
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST AND

803
00:28:29,808 --> 00:28:35,547
WHAT'S HAPPENING TODAY.

804
00:28:35,613 --> 00:28:37,148
THIS BRIEFCASE BELONGED TO AN

805
00:28:37,215 --> 00:28:38,316
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OF A REVIEW

806
00:28:38,383 --> 00:28:39,651
SECTION IN THE CENTER FOR

807
00:28:39,717 --> 00:28:42,220
SCIENTIFIC REVIEW.

808
00:28:42,287 --> 00:28:45,156
SHE CALLED THE BRIEFCASE THE

809
00:28:45,223 --> 00:28:46,091
ESSENTIAL POSSESSION THAT WE HAD

810
00:28:46,157 --> 00:28:47,392
TO HAVE FOR THE STUDY SECTION

811
00:28:47,459 --> 00:28:47,659
MEETINGS.

812
00:28:47,725 --> 00:28:49,861
IT WAS MAINLY USED TO CARRY ALL

813
00:28:49,928 --> 00:28:51,362
THE CONFIDENTIAL MEETING

814
00:28:51,429 --> 00:28:52,864
MATERIALS, GRANT APPLICATIONS,

815
00:28:52,931 --> 00:28:57,635
FILES TO GO WITH REVIEWERS' KRE

816
00:28:57,702 --> 00:28:59,037
CRITIQUES SUBMITTED BEFORE THE

817
00:28:59,104 --> 00:29:00,105
MEETING, PINK SHEETS KNOWN AS

818
00:29:00,171 --> 00:29:02,173
SUMMARY STATEMENTS, ROSTERS,

819
00:29:02,240 --> 00:29:03,608
REVIEWER FOLDERS, MEETING

820
00:29:03,675 --> 00:29:06,411
SUPPLIES, PLASTIC HARD NAME

821
00:29:06,478 --> 00:29:07,312
TAGS, ET CETERA.

822
00:29:07,378 --> 00:29:09,114
IT WAS BEFORE THE COMPUTER OR

823
00:29:09,180 --> 00:29:10,515
WORD PROCESSOR'S TIME AND

824
00:29:10,582 --> 00:29:12,250
EVERYTHING WAS DONE IN A HARD

825
00:29:12,317 --> 00:29:13,017
COPY.

826
00:29:13,084 --> 00:29:15,019
I GAVE UP THIS LEATHER BAG

827
00:29:15,086 --> 00:29:16,087
BECAUSE IT WAS QUITE HEAVY FOR

828
00:29:16,154 --> 00:29:18,490
ME TO LIFT IT.

829
00:29:18,556 --> 00:29:21,059
WE WERE LUCKY THAT SHE TOLD US

830
00:29:21,126 --> 00:29:22,627
HER STORY ABOUT THE BRIEFCASE,

831
00:29:22,694 --> 00:29:24,362
WHICH COULD LEAD US DOWN A

832
00:29:24,429 --> 00:29:26,030
RABBIT HOLE ENTITLED "HOW THINGS

833
00:29:26,097 --> 00:29:28,399
WERE DONE IN THE OLD DAYS."

834
00:29:28,466 --> 00:29:30,869
SUCH AS CREATING YOUR OWN CORK

835
00:29:30,935 --> 00:29:33,438
STOPPERS FOR TEST TUBES, USING

836
00:29:33,505 --> 00:29:35,673
SMOKE TO RECORD RESEARCH

837
00:29:35,740 --> 00:29:37,342
RESULTS, DRAWING AND LETTERING

838
00:29:37,408 --> 00:29:39,477
YOUR OWN GRAPHS AND TABLES, AND

839
00:29:39,544 --> 00:29:40,712
WRITING LETTERS TO SHARE

840
00:29:40,778 --> 00:29:46,151
INFORMATION.

841
00:29:46,217 --> 00:29:47,252
IT ALSO HELPS ANSWER THE

842
00:29:47,318 --> 00:29:48,586
QUESTION, HOW DO YOU COLLECT

843
00:29:48,653 --> 00:29:49,721
ACTIVITIES THAT DON'T CREATE A

844
00:29:49,787 --> 00:29:50,622
LOT OF OBJECTS?

845
00:29:50,688 --> 00:29:52,524
REVIEWING GRANTS IS NOT AN

846
00:29:52,590 --> 00:29:53,591
OBJECT-HEAVY ACTIVITY, LIKE SO

847
00:29:53,658 --> 00:29:57,162
MUCH OF OUR WORK NOWADAYS.

848
00:29:57,228 --> 00:30:01,132
AND THAT'S BECAUSE OF COMPUTERS.

849
00:30:01,199 --> 00:30:03,134
THE KRAI SUPERCOMPUTER WAS THE

850
00:30:03,201 --> 00:30:04,302
FIRST ONE DEDICATED TO

851
00:30:04,369 --> 00:30:04,903
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.

852
00:30:04,969 --> 00:30:06,871
IT COST A MILLION DOLLARS, AND

853
00:30:06,938 --> 00:30:09,574
ARRIVED AT NCI'S LABORATORY OF

854
00:30:09,641 --> 00:30:11,242
MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY IN 1986, TO

855
00:30:11,309 --> 00:30:14,078
BE USED VIA NETWORK BY

856
00:30:14,145 --> 00:30:16,214
SCIENTISTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

857
00:30:16,281 --> 00:30:20,385
IT HAD 128 MEGABYTES OF MEMORY

858
00:30:20,451 --> 00:30:22,520
AND A WHOPPING 38 GIGABYTES OF

859
00:30:22,587 --> 00:30:23,321
STORAGE.

860
00:30:23,388 --> 00:30:25,924
NOW IT IS IN THE B3 ELEVATOR

861
00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:28,159
LOBBY OF BUILDING 31, AWAITING

862
00:30:28,226 --> 00:30:30,428
FUNDS TO REATTACH ITS PANELS AND

863
00:30:30,495 --> 00:30:34,699
BENCH AND MAKE A PROPER EXHIBIT.

864
00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:37,569
OF COURSE WE HAVE A LOT OF

865
00:30:37,635 --> 00:30:38,770
COMPUTATIONAL STUFF IN OUR

866
00:30:38,836 --> 00:30:40,138
COLLECTION.

867
00:30:40,205 --> 00:30:42,373
AN AB CUSS, SLIDE RULES OF ALL

868
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:44,175
SHAPES, CALCULATORS, CIRCUIT

869
00:30:44,242 --> 00:30:45,977
BOARDS, ANALOG TO DIGITAL

870
00:30:46,044 --> 00:30:48,079
CONVERTER, MANUALS FOR PROGRAMS

871
00:30:48,146 --> 00:30:49,948
WRITTEN BY THE CIT PEOPLE,

872
00:30:50,014 --> 00:30:54,452
LAPTOPS, AND A FEW DESKTOPS.

873
00:30:54,519 --> 00:30:55,753
I'M PRETTY SURE I DON'T HAVE TO

874
00:30:55,820 --> 00:30:56,521
MENTION HOW IMPORTANT COMPUTERS

875
00:30:56,588 --> 00:30:57,922
HAVE BEEN TO RESEARCH IN

876
00:30:57,989 --> 00:30:59,490
MEASURING AND RECORDING DATA,

877
00:30:59,557 --> 00:31:01,092
STORING AND ANALYZING

878
00:31:01,159 --> 00:31:02,694
INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATING

879
00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:04,896
IN SO MANY WAYS.

880
00:31:04,963 --> 00:31:07,031
COMPUTERS ARE ALSO IMPORTANT IN

881
00:31:07,098 --> 00:31:08,933
PATIENT CARE, TO ORDER LAB TESTS

882
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:11,135
AND STORE RECORDS.

883
00:31:11,202 --> 00:31:13,238
BUT IF ALL THE COMPUTERS GO DOWN

884
00:31:13,304 --> 00:31:14,572
TOMORROW, WE CAN SHOW YOU HOW IT

885
00:31:14,639 --> 00:31:20,144
USED TO BE DONE.

886
00:31:20,211 --> 00:31:23,281
ON MAY 21ST, 1990, ABOUT 1,000

887
00:31:23,348 --> 00:31:24,749
PEOPLE DESCENDED ON THE NIH

888
00:31:24,816 --> 00:31:25,750
CAMPUS.

889
00:31:25,817 --> 00:31:26,684
THEN WITH NO FENCE.

890
00:31:26,751 --> 00:31:28,753
BUT THAT'S ANOTHER STORY.

891
00:31:28,820 --> 00:31:30,788
THEY WERE LED BY THE AIDS

892
00:31:30,855 --> 00:31:32,056
ACTIVIST GROUP, ACT UP.

893
00:31:32,123 --> 00:31:33,958
THEY CLIMBED ON THE BUILDINGS,

894
00:31:34,025 --> 00:31:36,461
PERFORMED SKITS AND SONGS, AND

895
00:31:36,527 --> 00:31:37,962
STAGED A MASS DIE-IN ON THE LAWN

896
00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:39,530
OF BUILDING 1.

897
00:31:39,597 --> 00:31:41,833
THE EVENT WAS SCHEDULED AT THE

898
00:31:41,899 --> 00:31:43,768
SAME TIME AS AN ADVISORY COUNCIL

899
00:31:43,835 --> 00:31:45,403
MEETING DISCUSSING RESEARCH

900
00:31:45,470 --> 00:31:47,205
DIRECTIONS.

901
00:31:47,272 --> 00:31:50,108
A PROTESTOR DROPPED THIS SIGN

902
00:31:50,174 --> 00:31:51,542
AND AN NIH EMPLOYEE PICKED IT UP

903
00:31:51,609 --> 00:31:54,012
AND GAVE TO US.

904
00:31:54,078 --> 00:31:55,647
AIDS RESEARCH AT NIH STARTED

905
00:31:55,713 --> 00:31:57,982
EARLY IN THAT PANDEMIC, AND RAN

906
00:31:58,049 --> 00:32:00,318
THE GAMUT FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO

907
00:32:00,385 --> 00:32:01,586
TREATMENTS TO VACCINES.

908
00:32:01,653 --> 00:32:02,954
BUT ANOTHER IMPORTANT OUTCOME

909
00:32:03,021 --> 00:32:04,589
WAS THE REALIZATION OF THE

910
00:32:04,656 --> 00:32:07,258
BURNING URGENCY OF NIH'S

911
00:32:07,325 --> 00:32:09,994
MISSION, THE HUMANNESS OF IT.

912
00:32:10,061 --> 00:32:11,296
DR. ANTHONY FAUCI INVITED

913
00:32:11,362 --> 00:32:13,031
DISCUSSION WITH THE LEADERS OF

914
00:32:13,097 --> 00:32:14,599
ACT UP, AND PEOPLE WITH AIDS,

915
00:32:14,666 --> 00:32:16,134
LEADING TO THE CREATION OF

916
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:17,568
ADVISORY BOARDS THAT INCLUDED

917
00:32:17,635 --> 00:32:20,538
PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES.

918
00:32:20,605 --> 00:32:22,273
PATIENTS BECAME PARTICIPANTS IN

919
00:32:22,340 --> 00:32:23,841
RESEARCH.

920
00:32:23,908 --> 00:32:27,412
IT'S A STANDARD PRACTICE NOW.

921
00:32:27,478 --> 00:32:29,080
AND ANOTHER CHAPTER IN THE STORY

922
00:32:29,147 --> 00:32:30,081
OF HUMAN SUBJECTS AND CONSENT

923
00:32:30,148 --> 00:32:33,017
WAS WRITTEN.

924
00:32:33,084 --> 00:32:34,786
ANOTHER MAJOR STORY THAT THIS

925
00:32:34,852 --> 00:32:36,821
SIGN EMBODIES IS JUST HOW WRONG

926
00:32:36,888 --> 00:32:38,456
WE CAN BE.

927
00:32:38,523 --> 00:32:40,558
WE THOUGHT WE HAD INFECTIOUS

928
00:32:40,625 --> 00:32:42,860
DISEASES CONQUERED THROUGH

929
00:32:42,927 --> 00:32:44,595
SANITATION, VACCINES, AND

930
00:32:44,662 --> 00:32:46,097
ANTIBIOTICS.

931
00:32:46,164 --> 00:32:47,999
BUT NOW WE KNOW IT'S A

932
00:32:48,066 --> 00:32:49,600
NEVER-ENDING BATTLE WITH DEADLY

933
00:32:49,667 --> 00:32:54,138
GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES.

934
00:32:54,205 --> 00:32:56,641
DO IT YOURSELF TECHNOLOGY AND

935
00:32:56,708 --> 00:32:58,509
INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT MEET IN

936
00:32:58,576 --> 00:33:01,112
THESE 3D PRINTERS AND PROSTATE

937
00:33:01,179 --> 00:33:02,980
MOLDS.

938
00:33:03,047 --> 00:33:05,149
DR. MARSLY KNOW BERNARDO AT NCI

939
00:33:05,216 --> 00:33:06,951
GOT THE IDEA FROM A NATIONAL

940
00:33:07,018 --> 00:33:08,019
PUBLIC RADIO SHOW ABOUT HOW TO

941
00:33:08,086 --> 00:33:09,754
USE OPEN SOURCES TO BUILD HIS

942
00:33:09,821 --> 00:33:11,489
OWN 3D PRINTER.

943
00:33:11,556 --> 00:33:13,658
HIS TEAM'S GOAL WAS TO CREATE

944
00:33:13,725 --> 00:33:15,159
PATIENT-SPECIFIC PROSTATE MOLDS

945
00:33:15,226 --> 00:33:17,228
THAT CO-RELATED WITH THEIR MRI

946
00:33:17,295 --> 00:33:20,898
FINDINGS OF CANCER LOCATION AND

947
00:33:20,965 --> 00:33:23,568
STAGE WITH HISTOPATHOLOGIC

948
00:33:23,634 --> 00:33:24,001
SPECIMENS.

949
00:33:24,068 --> 00:33:26,137
SO WE'RE TRYING TO COLLECT NEW

950
00:33:26,204 --> 00:33:27,338
TECHNOLOGIES AS PEOPLE

951
00:33:27,405 --> 00:33:28,973
INCORPORATE IT INTO THEIR

952
00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:29,374
RESEARCH.

953
00:33:29,440 --> 00:33:31,743
NOT JUST TO TALK ABOUT THEIR

954
00:33:31,809 --> 00:33:33,010
RESEARCH, BUT ALSO TO ANSWER

955
00:33:33,077 --> 00:33:34,812
HISTORICAL QUESTIONS.

956
00:33:34,879 --> 00:33:37,215
HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY USE SPREAD?

957
00:33:37,281 --> 00:33:39,384
WHAT HELPS IT SPREAD?

958
00:33:39,450 --> 00:33:42,053
WHAT MAKES GOOD TECHNOLOGY AND

959
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:44,422
NOT JUST FADS?

960
00:33:44,489 --> 00:33:45,656
AND WHERE WILL IT TAKE PATIENT

961
00:33:45,723 --> 00:33:49,026
CARE?

962
00:33:49,093 --> 00:33:50,695
AND NOW WE'RE BACK TO THE MARINE

963
00:33:50,762 --> 00:33:51,996
THEME.

964
00:33:52,063 --> 00:33:53,631
YOU COULD MAKE A GOOD CASE FOR

965
00:33:53,698 --> 00:33:56,367
THIS MASK WITH DR. FAUCI'S FACE

966
00:33:56,434 --> 00:33:58,669
ON IT AS THE ARTIFACT FOR THE

967
00:33:58,736 --> 00:34:00,571
NIH'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19

968
00:34:00,638 --> 00:34:02,140
PANDEMIC.

969
00:34:02,206 --> 00:34:03,174
AND BELIEVE ME, WE HAVE MANY OF

970
00:34:03,241 --> 00:34:08,713
THEM IN OUR COLLECTION.

971
00:34:08,780 --> 00:34:10,381
BUT THIS PERSONAL CALENDAR OF AN

972
00:34:10,448 --> 00:34:12,683
NIH STAFF MEMBER SPEAKS TO

973
00:34:12,750 --> 00:34:14,886
EVERYONE'S EXPERIENCES.

974
00:34:14,952 --> 00:34:16,888
JANUARY AND FEBRUARY HAVE

975
00:34:16,954 --> 00:34:18,723
BIRTHDAYS, ACTIVITIES WITH

976
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:21,559
FRIENDS, TRAVEL, DOCTORS'

977
00:34:21,626 --> 00:34:23,594
APPOINTMENTS, A 5K RUN, AND HAIR

978
00:34:23,661 --> 00:34:24,796
APPOINTMENTS NOTED.

979
00:34:24,862 --> 00:34:25,696
TRIPS ARE SCHEDULED FOR THE

980
00:34:25,763 --> 00:34:28,132
YEAR.

981
00:34:28,199 --> 00:34:29,500
BUT IN MARCH COME THE NOTATIONS

982
00:34:29,567 --> 00:34:31,169
FOR WHEN CERTAIN THINGS SHUT

983
00:34:31,235 --> 00:34:34,205
DOWN, LIKE THE SMITHSONIAN AND

984
00:34:34,272 --> 00:34:37,208
RESTAURANTS, AND COVID.

985
00:34:37,275 --> 00:34:38,509
TELEWORK DAYS ARE NUMBERED TO

986
00:34:38,576 --> 00:34:40,044
BEGIN WITH, BUT THAT WAS QUICKLY

987
00:34:40,111 --> 00:34:40,945
GIVEN UP.

988
00:34:41,012 --> 00:34:43,080
THE STAFF MEMBER BEGAN STICKING

989
00:34:43,147 --> 00:34:45,149
ON SCREENING TAGS FROM THE NIH

990
00:34:45,216 --> 00:34:45,983
CLINICAL CENTER FOR EVERY DAY

991
00:34:46,050 --> 00:34:47,351
WORKED THERE.

992
00:34:47,418 --> 00:34:50,021
THEY WENT FROM STICKING IN THE

993
00:34:50,087 --> 00:34:53,090
WHOLE STICKER TO CUTTING THEM

994
00:34:53,157 --> 00:34:54,959
INTO SQUARES SO THEY FIT BETTER,

995
00:34:55,026 --> 00:34:57,328
TO CUTTING LIPS OUT OF THE PINK

996
00:34:57,395 --> 00:34:58,996
ONES, AND GIVING HALLOWEEN SOME

997
00:34:59,063 --> 00:35:00,832
TEETH.

998
00:35:00,898 --> 00:35:02,934
BUT ALL OF THOSE LOVELY PLANNED

999
00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,837
TRIPS ARE CROSSED OUT.

1000
00:35:05,903 --> 00:35:07,438
I THINK THAT THE COVID-19

1001
00:35:07,505 --> 00:35:09,240
PANDEMIC WILL BE REMEMBERED AS

1002
00:35:09,307 --> 00:35:11,943
NIH'S FINEST HOUR.

1003
00:35:12,009 --> 00:35:13,678
UNLIKE AIDS, COVID IS EASY TO

1004
00:35:13,744 --> 00:35:14,512
GET.

1005
00:35:14,579 --> 00:35:16,214
YOU JUST BREATHE.

1006
00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:18,983
THE MILLIONS OF DEATHS, THE FEAR

1007
00:35:19,050 --> 00:35:21,719
AND DISRUPTION TO OUR FAMILIES,

1008
00:35:21,786 --> 00:35:24,222
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, ECONOMY, AND

1009
00:35:24,288 --> 00:35:26,491
POLITICS IS STILL WORKING OUT IN

1010
00:35:26,557 --> 00:35:27,625
A NEW NORMAL.

1011
00:35:27,692 --> 00:35:30,795
THE PANDEMIC AFFECTED EVERYONE.

1012
00:35:30,862 --> 00:35:33,898
AND EVERYONE AT NIH SHOWED UP.

1013
00:35:33,965 --> 00:35:35,500
CERTAINLY THE SCIENTISTS AND

1014
00:35:35,566 --> 00:35:37,468
CLINICIANS AND NURSING STAFF,

1015
00:35:37,535 --> 00:35:40,004
BUT ALSO THE ANIMAL CAREGIVERS,

1016
00:35:40,071 --> 00:35:42,073
GRANTS ADMINISTRATORS,

1017
00:35:42,139 --> 00:35:43,975
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1018
00:35:44,041 --> 00:35:45,276
SPECIALISTS, FACILITY AND

1019
00:35:45,343 --> 00:35:47,745
UTILITY STAFF, MAINTENANCE

1020
00:35:47,812 --> 00:35:49,814
WORKERS, SHUTTLE DRIVERS,

1021
00:35:49,881 --> 00:35:52,083
HOUSEKEEPERS, PROCUREMENT

1022
00:35:52,149 --> 00:35:53,017
SPECIALISTS, MENTAL HEALTH

1023
00:35:53,084 --> 00:35:55,152
EXPERTS, FIREFIGHTERS AND

1024
00:35:55,219 --> 00:35:56,921
POLICE, AND EVEN THE HISTORY

1025
00:35:56,988 --> 00:35:58,389
STAFF.

1026
00:35:58,456 --> 00:36:00,558
SO THIS IS WHERE THE MORE THAN

1027
00:36:00,625 --> 00:36:03,861
12 OBJECTS COMES IN.

1028
00:36:03,928 --> 00:36:07,899
ON THE LEFT ARE SOME MAGNETIC

1029
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:10,668
BEADS USE AT THE NCI PROTEIN

1030
00:36:10,735 --> 00:36:12,069
EXPRESSION LABORATORY TO PURIFY

1031
00:36:12,136 --> 00:36:13,871
LARGE QUANTITIES OF SARS-COV-2

1032
00:36:13,938 --> 00:36:15,072
PROTEINS.

1033
00:36:15,139 --> 00:36:17,341
FOR BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH.

1034
00:36:17,408 --> 00:36:19,043
SARS-COV-2 IS THE VIRUS THAT

1035
00:36:19,110 --> 00:36:20,878
CAUSES COVID-19.

1036
00:36:20,945 --> 00:36:22,213
AND THE AMOUNT OF THE BASIC

1037
00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:24,982
SCIENCE RESEARCH DONE AT NIH IS

1038
00:36:25,049 --> 00:36:26,050
AMAZING.

1039
00:36:26,117 --> 00:36:27,818
IT INCLUDES THE VISUALIZATION OF

1040
00:36:27,885 --> 00:36:30,655
THOSE SPIKE PROTEINS DONE AT

1041
00:36:30,721 --> 00:36:33,391
COULD REMOUNTAIN LABORATORIES,

1042
00:36:33,457 --> 00:36:34,525
DISCOVERIES ABOUT HOW THE VIRUS

1043
00:36:34,592 --> 00:36:36,227
GETS IN AND OUT OF THE CELLS,

1044
00:36:36,294 --> 00:36:38,062
AND THE ROLE THAT VARIOUS

1045
00:36:38,129 --> 00:36:40,464
ENZYMES AND GENES PLAY DURING

1046
00:36:40,531 --> 00:36:43,834
INFECTION.

1047
00:36:43,901 --> 00:36:46,704
THE LEUM NARE ON THE RIGHT WAS

1048
00:36:46,771 --> 00:36:48,306
WORN OUT, RUNNING TESTS TO

1049
00:36:48,372 --> 00:36:50,074
DETECT SARS-COV-2 IN SERUM AT

1050
00:36:50,141 --> 00:36:51,309
THE CLINICAL CENTER.

1051
00:36:51,375 --> 00:36:54,378
THE TEST, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED AT

1052
00:36:54,445 --> 00:36:55,646
NIH, WAS US AD IN MANY STUDIES

1053
00:36:55,713 --> 00:36:58,015
TO GAUGE THE EXTENT OF THE

1054
00:36:58,082 --> 00:36:59,150
OUTBREAK EARLY IN THE PANDEMIC

1055
00:36:59,216 --> 00:37:01,352
IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS.

1056
00:37:01,419 --> 00:37:03,988
THEN TO FIND OUT WHO MIGHT HAVE

1057
00:37:04,055 --> 00:37:06,390
WORSE OUTCOMES FROM THE

1058
00:37:06,457 --> 00:37:06,824
INFECTION.

1059
00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:09,460
AND THEN TO DISCOVER HOW VARIOUS

1060
00:37:09,527 --> 00:37:10,795
VACCINES HELD UP TO DIFFERENT

1061
00:37:10,861 --> 00:37:13,397
VARIANTS OF THE VIRUS.

1062
00:37:13,464 --> 00:37:16,167
AND IN THE CENTER, TAKING A SPOT

1063
00:37:16,233 --> 00:37:17,935
IN THE LONG HISTORY OF NIH'S

1064
00:37:18,002 --> 00:37:20,438
CREATIVE RESEARCH INVENTIONS, A

1065
00:37:20,504 --> 00:37:22,406
RECYCLING BIN WAS TURNED INTO AN

1066
00:37:22,473 --> 00:37:24,475
INSTRUMENT TO STUDY THE AEROSOL

1067
00:37:24,542 --> 00:37:29,213
TRANSMISSION OF SA SARS-COV-2 VY

1068
00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:31,515
EARLY IN THE PANDEMIC.

1069
00:37:31,582 --> 00:37:34,318
THESE RESEARCHERS SHOWED HOW

1070
00:37:34,385 --> 00:37:36,320
DROP LETS SPREAD IN THE AIR

1071
00:37:36,387 --> 00:37:38,089
DEPENDING ON FACTORS SUCH AS

1072
00:37:38,155 --> 00:37:38,422
HUMIDITY.

1073
00:37:38,489 --> 00:37:39,624
THEY THEN SHOWED THE VIRAL LOADS

1074
00:37:39,690 --> 00:37:41,459
THAT COULD BE CARRIED BY THE

1075
00:37:41,525 --> 00:37:44,595
DROP LETS BY DIFFERENT VARIANTS

1076
00:37:44,662 --> 00:37:45,663
OF THE COVID-19 VIRUS.

1077
00:37:45,730 --> 00:37:46,897
THEY ALSO TESTED DIFFERENT TYPES

1078
00:37:46,964 --> 00:37:54,538
OF FACE MASKS.

1079
00:37:54,605 --> 00:37:56,173
BUT COVID REQUIRED NIH TO RISE

1080
00:37:56,240 --> 00:37:57,942
TO OTHER CHALLENGES, NOT JUST

1081
00:37:58,009 --> 00:37:59,010
THE SCIENTIFIC AND CLINICAL.

1082
00:37:59,076 --> 00:38:01,045
THIS PARTY HAT ON THE TOP LEFT

1083
00:38:01,112 --> 00:38:02,980
WAS MADE TO WEAR AT A ZOOM

1084
00:38:03,047 --> 00:38:03,914
BIRTHDAY PARTY FOR ONE OF OUR

1085
00:38:03,981 --> 00:38:06,250
VOVOLUNTEERS.

1086
00:38:06,317 --> 00:38:07,351
IT IS EVIDENCE OF THE

1087
00:38:07,418 --> 00:38:08,586
DISRUPTIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND

1088
00:38:08,653 --> 00:38:10,554
THE STEEP LEARNING CURVE MANY OF

1089
00:38:10,621 --> 00:38:12,957
US HAD IN TRANSITIONING TO NEW

1090
00:38:13,024 --> 00:38:17,028
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION.

1091
00:38:17,094 --> 00:38:18,663
THE CHALLENGE COINS ON THE

1092
00:38:18,729 --> 00:38:20,297
BOTTOM ARE EVIDENCE THAT TODAY'S

1093
00:38:20,364 --> 00:38:21,265
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES OFFICERS

1094
00:38:21,332 --> 00:38:22,466
ARE AS BRAVE AS THOSE IN THE

1095
00:38:22,533 --> 00:38:23,701
PAST.

1096
00:38:23,768 --> 00:38:26,904
THEY STILL DEPLOY TO OUTBREAKS.

1097
00:38:26,971 --> 00:38:28,305
ONE COIN, THE ONE ON THE LEFT,

1098
00:38:28,372 --> 00:38:29,840
IS FOR THE TEAM THAT TOOK CARE

1099
00:38:29,907 --> 00:38:31,942
OF AMERICANS ON THE DIAMOND

1100
00:38:32,009 --> 00:38:37,081
PRINCESS CRUZ SHI CRUI CRUISE S.

1101
00:38:37,148 --> 00:38:39,250
THE OTHER FOR VARIOUS SITES IN

1102
00:38:39,316 --> 00:38:40,418
MINNESOTA SUCH AS NURSING HOMES

1103
00:38:40,484 --> 00:38:42,453
THAT NEEDED HELP.

1104
00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:43,220
SOME PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

1105
00:38:43,287 --> 00:38:44,422
OFFICERS EVEN DEPLOYED WITHIN

1106
00:38:44,488 --> 00:38:46,290
THE NIH'S OWN CLINICAL CENTER AS

1107
00:38:46,357 --> 00:38:48,059
PART OF EFFORTS AT THE

1108
00:38:48,125 --> 00:38:51,328
VACCINATION CLINIC.

1109
00:38:51,395 --> 00:38:52,963
AND THE PAINTED ROCK IS JUST ONE

1110
00:38:53,030 --> 00:38:54,832
EXAMPLE OF HOW NIH STAFF COPED

1111
00:38:54,899 --> 00:38:57,001
DURING THE PANDEMIC.

1112
00:38:57,068 --> 00:38:58,769
THROUGH ARTWORK AND PHOTOGRAPHY.

1113
00:38:58,836 --> 00:39:00,805
IT WAS CREATED BY AN EMPLOYEE OF

1114
00:39:00,871 --> 00:39:03,541
THE NIH DIVISION OF VETERINARY

1115
00:39:03,607 --> 00:39:05,776
RESOURCES AS A PART OF A MORALE

1116
00:39:05,843 --> 00:39:06,444
BUILDING EXERCISE DURING THE

1117
00:39:06,510 --> 00:39:08,279
EARLY MONTHS OF THE PANDEMIC.

1118
00:39:08,345 --> 00:39:11,015
THIS ARTIST WAS AN EXPERIENCED

1119
00:39:11,082 --> 00:39:13,751
ROCK PAINTER, BUT IT HAS BEEN

1120
00:39:13,818 --> 00:39:16,120
WONDERFUL TO SEE THE DIVERSE

1121
00:39:16,187 --> 00:39:18,656
TALENTS AND PROJECTS THAT NIH

1122
00:39:18,723 --> 00:39:20,524
STAFF TOOK UP OR POLISHED DURING

1123
00:39:20,591 --> 00:39:23,160
THIS TIME.

1124
00:39:23,227 --> 00:39:24,061
AND THE AMERICAN PUBLIC FOUND

1125
00:39:24,128 --> 00:39:25,930
NEW HEROS.

1126
00:39:25,996 --> 00:39:30,267
LIKE DRS. BARNEY GRAM AND

1127
00:39:30,334 --> 00:39:31,802
CORBETT, IN ADDITION TO THOSE

1128
00:39:31,869 --> 00:39:33,437
ALREADY KNOWN WITH HIGH PUBLIC

1129
00:39:33,504 --> 00:39:35,339
PROFILES.

1130
00:39:35,406 --> 00:39:37,608
SO DR. GRAHAM RECEIVED THE

1131
00:39:37,675 --> 00:39:39,577
BOBBLEHEAD TREATMENT, AND

1132
00:39:39,643 --> 00:39:41,378
DR. CORBETT INSPIRED FACE MASKS

1133
00:39:41,445 --> 00:39:41,846
TOO.

1134
00:39:41,912 --> 00:39:43,347
THEY WORKED ON WHAT WOULD BECOME

1135
00:39:43,414 --> 00:39:45,316
THE MODERNA VACCINE.

1136
00:39:45,382 --> 00:39:47,384
SOMETHING THAT PEOPLE LIKE ME

1137
00:39:47,451 --> 00:39:48,919
PATIENTLY WAITED FOR.

1138
00:39:48,986 --> 00:39:50,721
TRUSTING THAT THE HUNDREDS OF

1139
00:39:50,788 --> 00:39:52,790
NIH STAFF WORKING ON VIABLE

1140
00:39:52,857 --> 00:39:53,791
VACCINES WOULD COME THROUGH FOR

1141
00:39:53,858 --> 00:39:57,495
US.

1142
00:39:57,561 --> 00:39:58,496
COLLABORATION AND COMMITMENT

1143
00:39:58,562 --> 00:40:01,198
DEFINED NIH AT THIS TIME.

1144
00:40:01,265 --> 00:40:03,100
WE STILL NEED OBJECTS TO

1145
00:40:03,167 --> 00:40:05,202
DOCUMENT NIH'S RESPONSE TO THE

1146
00:40:05,269 --> 00:40:05,836
PANDEMIC.

1147
00:40:05,903 --> 00:40:08,773
FROM AUTOPSY EQUIPMENT TO

1148
00:40:08,839 --> 00:40:09,640
SEQUENCING INSTRUMENTS TO

1149
00:40:09,707 --> 00:40:12,343
PATIENT CARRY TEMS TO YOUR

1150
00:40:12,409 --> 00:40:14,378
EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE AT NIH.

1151
00:40:14,445 --> 00:40:19,517
WHICH BRINGS ME TO OUR

1152
00:40:19,583 --> 00:40:22,686
COMMERCIAL.

1153
00:40:22,753 --> 00:40:24,321
IN THE NEXT 20 YEARS, WILL THE

1154
00:40:24,388 --> 00:40:25,756
NEXT CURATOR HAVE ENOUGH

1155
00:40:25,823 --> 00:40:27,091
ARTIFACTS TO CRAFT A HISTORY OF

1156
00:40:27,158 --> 00:40:29,093
NIH DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE

1157
00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:29,426
21ST CENTURY?

1158
00:40:29,493 --> 00:40:31,662
THE ANSWER IS NO.

1159
00:40:31,729 --> 00:40:34,131
SO THINK ABOUT WHAT YOU HAVE

1160
00:40:34,198 --> 00:40:35,332
THAT DOCUMENTS YOUR WORK.

1161
00:40:35,399 --> 00:40:37,835
IT COULD BE SOMETHING THAT YOU

1162
00:40:37,902 --> 00:40:40,371
CREATED, OR JUST SOMETHING THAT

1163
00:40:40,437 --> 00:40:41,972
EVERYONE USES AND SO IS MUCH

1164
00:40:42,039 --> 00:40:44,108
MORE LIKELY TO BE SURPLUSSED.

1165
00:40:44,175 --> 00:40:48,445
I'M NOT NAMING NAMES.

1166
00:40:48,512 --> 00:40:52,483
ADVANCED LIGHT MICROSCOPY,

1167
00:40:52,550 --> 00:40:55,486
CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY CORE,

1168
00:40:55,553 --> 00:40:58,422
OR THE NCATS EARLY TRANSMISSION

1169
00:40:58,489 --> 00:41:01,959
BRANCH, OR DR. MATTHEW HALL OR

1170
00:41:02,026 --> 00:41:03,861
DR. CHILD'S.

1171
00:41:03,928 --> 00:41:05,629
IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING, AND AS

1172
00:41:05,696 --> 00:41:07,198
YOU HAVE SEEN IT DOESN'T HAVE TO

1173
00:41:07,264 --> 00:41:09,600
BE A RESEARCH INSTRUMENT, THAT

1174
00:41:09,667 --> 00:41:11,435
YOU THINK THE NEXT CURATOR WILL

1175
00:41:11,502 --> 00:41:19,143
WANT FOR HER HISTORY, EMAIL US.

1176
00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:20,711
THAT BRINGS ME TO THE PEOPLE WHO

1177
00:41:20,778 --> 00:41:22,112
MAKE HISTORY HAPPEN AT NIH, THE

1178
00:41:22,179 --> 00:41:25,883
PEOPLE WHO DONATE THEIR

1179
00:41:25,950 --> 00:41:28,752
ARTIFACTS, DOCUMENTS AND

1180
00:41:28,819 --> 00:41:30,387
PHOTOGRAPHS TO THE HISTORY MU Z

1181
00:41:30,454 --> 00:41:31,722
THANK YOU FOR SAVING NIH'S

1182
00:41:31,789 --> 00:41:32,256
LEGACY.

1183
00:41:32,323 --> 00:41:33,591
FOR THINKING AHEAD ABOUT WHAT

1184
00:41:33,657 --> 00:41:36,193
FUTURE PEOPLE WILL WANT OR NEED

1185
00:41:36,260 --> 00:41:38,462
TO KNOW, ABANDONS FOR JUST

1186
00:41:38,529 --> 00:41:39,263
LOVING HISTORY.

1187
00:41:39,330 --> 00:41:42,132
I'VE MET HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE AND

1188
00:41:42,199 --> 00:41:43,701
HEARD THOUSANDS OF STORIES FROM

1189
00:41:43,767 --> 00:41:47,271
THEM ABOUT THEIR OWN OR THEIR

1190
00:41:47,338 --> 00:41:48,539
COLLEAGUES' OR THEIR FAMILY

1191
00:41:48,606 --> 00:41:49,206
MEMBERS' WORK.

1192
00:41:49,273 --> 00:41:50,541
OFTEN YOU SHARED THESE STORIES

1193
00:41:50,608 --> 00:41:51,909
WITH ME DURING THE HARDEST TIMES

1194
00:41:51,976 --> 00:41:53,611
OF YOUR LIFE.

1195
00:41:53,677 --> 00:41:54,478
I'M PARTICULARLY GRATEFUL FOR

1196
00:41:54,545 --> 00:41:55,613
THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE INCLUDED

1197
00:41:55,679 --> 00:41:58,015
ME IN YOUR MOST VULNERABLE TIME,

1198
00:41:58,082 --> 00:41:59,984
THE LOSS OF A LOVED ONE.

1199
00:42:00,050 --> 00:42:01,886
I HOPE THAT KNOWING THAT WE CARE

1200
00:42:01,952 --> 00:42:05,990
ABOUT THEIR LIFE HELPED.

1201
00:42:06,056 --> 00:42:08,125
NOW I'M GOING TO DO

1202
00:42:08,192 --> 00:42:09,994
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, AND THEN MY

1203
00:42:10,060 --> 00:42:14,265
FAVORITE OBJECT.

1204
00:42:14,331 --> 00:42:15,666
SO I'M GOING TO PARTICULARLY

1205
00:42:15,733 --> 00:42:19,103
CALL OUT DR. VICTORIA HARDEN,

1206
00:42:19,169 --> 00:42:20,738
WHO FOR SOME REASON TRUSTED ME

1207
00:42:20,804 --> 00:42:22,606
STRAIGHT OUT OF GRADUATE SCHOOL

1208
00:42:22,673 --> 00:42:24,341
TO TAKE CARE OF A WHOLE MUSEUM.

1209
00:42:24,408 --> 00:42:26,443
AND SHE'S BECOME A GOOD FRIEND

1210
00:42:26,510 --> 00:42:28,879
OVER THE PAST 36 YEARS.

1211
00:42:28,946 --> 00:42:31,148
AND I HOPE I HAVEN'T

1212
00:42:31,215 --> 00:42:34,318
DISILLUSIONED HER.

1213
00:42:34,385 --> 00:42:39,056
AND NOW, MY FAVORITE OBJECT.

1214
00:42:39,123 --> 00:42:40,758
THESE FLOWERS WERE CREATED BY

1215
00:42:40,824 --> 00:42:43,060
THE NIH CLINICAL CENTER

1216
00:42:43,127 --> 00:42:43,894
DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION STAFF

1217
00:42:43,961 --> 00:42:45,296
MEMBER DURING THE COVID-19

1218
00:42:45,362 --> 00:42:46,897
PANDEMIC.

1219
00:42:46,964 --> 00:42:48,332
SCREENING TAGS WERE ISSUED TO

1220
00:42:48,399 --> 00:42:50,134
EVERYONE ENTERING THE CLINICAL

1221
00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:50,534
CENTER.

1222
00:42:50,601 --> 00:42:51,902
THEY HAVE THE DATE AND THEY

1223
00:42:51,969 --> 00:42:54,071
CHANGE COLORS EVERY DAY.

1224
00:42:54,138 --> 00:42:55,839
YOU STUCK THEM IN A CIRCLE ON

1225
00:42:55,906 --> 00:42:58,042
HIS DASHBOARD AT THE END OF HIS

1226
00:42:58,108 --> 00:42:59,276
SHIFTS, AND THEY STARTED TO

1227
00:42:59,343 --> 00:43:00,678
CURL.

1228
00:43:00,744 --> 00:43:03,681
HE SAID, I SOON STARTED TO SEE

1229
00:43:03,747 --> 00:43:04,648
SOMETHING BEAUTIFUL HAPPENING

1230
00:43:04,715 --> 00:43:07,151
DURING THIS TRYING PANDEMIC.

1231
00:43:07,217 --> 00:43:08,819
IT HAS SHOWN ME THAT THERE IS

1232
00:43:08,886 --> 00:43:12,756
REBIRTH HAPPENING AMONGST THIS

1233
00:43:12,823 --> 00:43:13,123
TRAGEDY.

1234
00:43:13,190 --> 00:43:16,627
AND ISN'T THAT NIH'S MISSION?

1235
00:43:16,694 --> 00:43:18,295
TO TAKE SOMETHING PAINFUL AND

1236
00:43:18,362 --> 00:43:19,363
DISHEARTENING AND TRANSFORM IT

1237
00:43:19,430 --> 00:43:21,498
INTO SOMETHING BENEFICIAL OR

1238
00:43:21,565 --> 00:43:25,069
BEAUTIFUL FOR EVERYONE?

1239
00:43:25,135 --> 00:43:27,004
THANK YOU FOR THE PRIVILEGE OF

1240
00:43:27,071 --> 00:43:28,739
PRESERVING YOUR HISTORY.

1241
00:43:28,806 --> 00:43:29,707
THANK YOU.

1242
00:43:29,773 --> 00:43:39,950
[APPLAUSE]

1243
00:43:41,218 --> 00:43:45,489
>> SO HI, I'M CHRIS WANJEK.

1244
00:43:45,556 --> 00:43:47,491
I WAS ASKED TO MODERATE THE Q &

1245
00:43:47,558 --> 00:43:48,625
A, BUT I HAVE A FEW THINGS TO

1246
00:43:48,692 --> 00:43:49,860
SHARE AS WELL.

1247
00:43:49,927 --> 00:43:51,161
IT'S GOOD YOU'RE SITTING AND

1248
00:43:51,228 --> 00:43:53,998
OUTSIDE OF STRIKING DISTANCE.

1249
00:43:54,064 --> 00:43:57,868
SO I HAVE A HISTORY OF MICHELE

1250
00:43:57,935 --> 00:43:59,870
LYONS IN ABOUT 12 OBJECTS.

1251
00:43:59,937 --> 00:44:01,605
SO AGAIN, THAT WAVELENGTH THAT

1252
00:44:01,672 --> 00:44:04,341
WE'VE ALWAYS HAD GOING, THE

1253
00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:05,776
COINCIDENTAL TITLING, I THINK IS

1254
00:44:05,843 --> 00:44:06,210
REMARKABLE.

1255
00:44:06,276 --> 00:44:10,481
SO I'LL JUST MOVE ALONG HERE.

1256
00:44:10,547 --> 00:44:12,049
SO I WANTED TO SHOW YOU, THIS IS

1257
00:44:12,116 --> 00:44:14,051
A FASCINATING OBJECT.

1258
00:44:14,118 --> 00:44:17,254
THIS IS THE OFFICIAL MOVING VAN

1259
00:44:17,321 --> 00:44:21,091
OF THE OFFICE OF NIH HISTORY AND

1260
00:44:21,158 --> 00:44:21,925
STETTEN MUSEUM.

1261
00:44:21,992 --> 00:44:23,360
IT ALSO SERVES AS MICHELE'S CAR

1262
00:44:23,427 --> 00:44:25,095
BECAUSE WE HAVE NO OFFICIAL

1263
00:44:25,162 --> 00:44:28,065
MOVING VAN OF THE OFFICE OF NIH

1264
00:44:28,132 --> 00:44:30,567
MUSEUM, STETTEN, WHATEVER.

1265
00:44:30,634 --> 00:44:34,571
SO THIS REMARKABLE VEHICLE,

1266
00:44:34,638 --> 00:44:38,642
WE'RE ESTIMATING 147,000 MILES

1267
00:44:38,709 --> 00:44:40,344
JUST MERELY GOING BACK AND FORTH

1268
00:44:40,411 --> 00:44:42,579
FROM NIH TO OFF-SITE STORAGE

1269
00:44:42,646 --> 00:44:44,581
WITH ALL THESE COLLECTIONS,

1270
00:44:44,648 --> 00:44:47,217
THESE MATERIALS THAT SHE WOULD

1271
00:44:47,284 --> 00:44:49,019
GET, JUST A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF

1272
00:44:49,086 --> 00:44:50,120
EFFORT THAT MICHELE WOULD PUT

1273
00:44:50,187 --> 00:44:50,454
IN.

1274
00:44:50,521 --> 00:44:51,955
AND SHE WAS DOING IT ESSENTIALLY

1275
00:44:52,022 --> 00:44:54,324
ALL BY HERSELF.

1276
00:44:54,391 --> 00:44:56,193
SIMILARLY, THIS IS WHAT THE NIH

1277
00:44:56,260 --> 00:44:59,596
MOVERS WOULD USE TO COLLECT

1278
00:44:59,663 --> 00:45:01,498
OBJECTS FROM VARIOUS BUILDINGS

1279
00:45:01,565 --> 00:45:02,699
AROUND CAMPUS, AND THEN BRING

1280
00:45:02,766 --> 00:45:04,201
THEM ALL THE WAY OVER TO

1281
00:45:04,268 --> 00:45:05,202
BUILDING 60, WHICH I THINK YOU

1282
00:45:05,269 --> 00:45:07,071
KNOW IS CLOSE TO THE WEST

1283
00:45:07,137 --> 00:45:08,705
VIRGINIA BORDER.

1284
00:45:08,772 --> 00:45:11,175
AND BY MOVER, I MEAN MICHELE,

1285
00:45:11,241 --> 00:45:12,242
BECAUSE THERE WAS REALLY NO ONE

1286
00:45:12,309 --> 00:45:13,077
TO HELP HER.

1287
00:45:13,143 --> 00:45:14,445
SO SHE WAS THE ONE THAT HAD TO

1288
00:45:14,511 --> 00:45:15,746
MOVE ALL THESE THINGS ALMOST

1289
00:45:15,813 --> 00:45:17,314
EVERY DAY, COLLECTING THESE

1290
00:45:17,381 --> 00:45:17,548
OBJECTS.

1291
00:45:17,614 --> 00:45:20,117
THIS IS HOW THE STUFF AS SHE

1292
00:45:20,184 --> 00:45:22,686
SHOWED GOT DONE.

1293
00:45:22,753 --> 00:45:23,954
I LOVE THIS IMAGE BECAUSE IT

1294
00:45:24,021 --> 00:45:26,223
REALLY SHOWS MICHELE IN HER

1295
00:45:26,290 --> 00:45:26,590
ELEMENT.

1296
00:45:26,657 --> 00:45:28,325
THAT'S A REAL SMILE SHE'S GOT ON

1297
00:45:28,392 --> 00:45:29,226
THERE.

1298
00:45:29,293 --> 00:45:33,397
SHE JUST LOVED WORKING WITH NIH

1299
00:45:33,464 --> 00:45:35,099
OBJECTS.

1300
00:45:35,165 --> 00:45:36,433
JUST NOTE THE WHITE GLOVES.

1301
00:45:36,500 --> 00:45:37,434
YOU'VE GOT TO LOVE THAT.

1302
00:45:37,501 --> 00:45:39,369
THAT'S THE DEDICATION THAT SHE

1303
00:45:39,436 --> 00:45:39,937
PUT IN.

1304
00:45:40,003 --> 00:45:41,805
AND I JUST WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT

1305
00:45:41,872 --> 00:45:43,173
THOSE LAST THREE IMAGES JUST TO

1306
00:45:43,240 --> 00:45:44,708
SHOW YOU THE MANUAL LABOR THAT

1307
00:45:44,775 --> 00:45:48,412
GOES INTO THIS, AND JUST THAT

1308
00:45:48,479 --> 00:45:50,514
DEDICATION AND THE FINE JOB THAT

1309
00:45:50,581 --> 00:45:52,349
SHE WOULD DO EVERY DAY IN

1310
00:45:52,416 --> 00:45:53,350
BRINGING ALL THESE OBJECTS TO

1311
00:45:53,417 --> 00:45:55,986
LIFE.

1312
00:45:56,053 --> 00:45:57,821
THE STORAGE, I HAD NO SINGLE

1313
00:45:57,888 --> 00:45:58,822
IMAGE THAT COULD CAPTURE

1314
00:45:58,889 --> 00:46:00,591
EVERYTHING, BUT THAT'S JUST, YOU

1315
00:46:00,657 --> 00:46:03,260
KNOW, ONE TINY WOMAN AND LIKE

1316
00:46:03,327 --> 00:46:11,101
ROW AFTER ROW AFTER ROW, MANY

1317
00:46:11,168 --> 00:46:13,604
INCREDIBLY HEAVY, SHE WOULD HAVE

1318
00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:15,572
TO SWEET TALK THE FORKLIFT

1319
00:46:15,639 --> 00:46:16,673
OPERATOR WHEN SHE NEEDED TO GET

1320
00:46:16,740 --> 00:46:18,008
SOMETHING OFF THE TOP SHELF.

1321
00:46:18,075 --> 00:46:19,843
IT WAS A CONSTANT STRUGGLE.

1322
00:46:19,910 --> 00:46:21,778
AND THEN YOU PROBABLY RECOGNIZE

1323
00:46:21,845 --> 00:46:23,046
ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE, THESE ARE

1324
00:46:23,113 --> 00:46:25,883
THOSE MOVING SHELVING UNITS TO

1325
00:46:25,949 --> 00:46:27,117
MAXIMIZE THE SPACE.

1326
00:46:27,184 --> 00:46:29,119
AND EVERY ONE IS FILLED.

1327
00:46:29,186 --> 00:46:30,687
THERE MUST BE 20 OR 30, AND EV

1328
00:46:30,754 --> 00:46:32,890
ONE IS FILLED FROM BOTTOM TO TOP

1329
00:46:32,956 --> 00:46:33,657
WITH THESE ARCHIVES.

1330
00:46:33,724 --> 00:46:34,992
JUST A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT.

1331
00:46:35,058 --> 00:46:39,563
ALL THIS HAD TO BE MOVED IN 2021

1332
00:46:39,630 --> 00:46:42,766
TO GAITHERSBURG, WHICH MICHELE

1333
00:46:42,833 --> 00:46:43,834
COORDINATED, DIDN'T LOSE

1334
00:46:43,901 --> 00:46:45,102
ANYTHING, DIDN'T BREAK ANYTHING.

1335
00:46:45,169 --> 00:46:49,273
IT'S JUST -- I MEAN, WE

1336
00:46:49,339 --> 00:46:50,941
ORGANIZED THAT AND DIDN'T LOSE

1337
00:46:51,008 --> 00:46:52,809
ANYTHING ALONG THE WAY, WHICH IS

1338
00:46:52,876 --> 00:46:53,777
JUST TREMENDOUS.

1339
00:46:53,844 --> 00:46:55,112
I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE HELL THAT

1340
00:46:55,179 --> 00:46:57,781
IS IN THE MIDDLE, BUT IT'S THE

1341
00:46:57,848 --> 00:46:59,283
OBJECT ITSELF SOMETHING THE

1342
00:46:59,349 --> 00:46:59,783
CATALOG.

1343
00:46:59,850 --> 00:47:01,818
VICKIE MENTIONED THIS A LITTLE

1344
00:47:01,885 --> 00:47:03,754
BIT.

1345
00:47:03,820 --> 00:47:05,822
THESE TRAY CATALOGS AND MANUALS.

1346
00:47:05,889 --> 00:47:07,891
MICHELE WAS ABLE TO ASSEMBLE

1347
00:47:07,958 --> 00:47:09,259
ESSENTIALLY ONE OF THE LARGEST

1348
00:47:09,326 --> 00:47:11,461
COLLECTIONS IN THE COUNTRY OF

1349
00:47:11,528 --> 00:47:12,696
THESE TRAY CATALOGS.

1350
00:47:12,763 --> 00:47:13,931
THEY'RE OF INCREDIBLE IMPORTANCE

1351
00:47:13,997 --> 00:47:16,633
TO RESEARCHERS, HISTORIANS,

1352
00:47:16,700 --> 00:47:19,136
JOURNALISTS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT

1353
00:47:19,203 --> 00:47:20,037
THESE INSTRUMENTS WERE THROUGH

1354
00:47:20,103 --> 00:47:22,139
THE YEARS, A DESCRIPTION OF

1355
00:47:22,206 --> 00:47:22,806
THESE.

1356
00:47:22,873 --> 00:47:23,540
IT'S VERY HARD TO GET.

1357
00:47:23,607 --> 00:47:27,044
AND WE HAVE THEM HERE ENTIRELY

1358
00:47:27,110 --> 00:47:29,079
BECAUSE OF MICHELE'S DEDICATION

1359
00:47:29,146 --> 00:47:29,880
TO THIS.

1360
00:47:29,947 --> 00:47:32,616
BY DEDICATION, I MEAN BEGGING

1361
00:47:32,683 --> 00:47:34,017
SCIENTISTS NOT TO THROW AWAY

1362
00:47:34,084 --> 00:47:35,819
JUNK OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS.

1363
00:47:35,886 --> 00:47:38,155
SHE WOULD DO THIS REPEATEDLY AND

1364
00:47:38,222 --> 00:47:39,356
WAS ABLE TO COLLECT ALL THESE

1365
00:47:39,423 --> 00:47:39,890
THINGS.

1366
00:47:39,957 --> 00:47:41,892
THIS IS HER OFFICE.

1367
00:47:41,959 --> 00:47:43,360
AND I SNUCK IN JUST THE OTHER

1368
00:47:43,427 --> 00:47:43,827
DAY.

1369
00:47:43,894 --> 00:47:46,096
NOW FORTUNATELY I DID THIS

1370
00:47:46,163 --> 00:47:48,899
BEFORE THE MANDATORY HARASSMENT

1371
00:47:48,966 --> 00:47:51,902
AND E ETHICS TRAINING SO I DIDNT

1372
00:47:51,969 --> 00:47:52,769
KNOW ANY BETTER.

1373
00:47:52,836 --> 00:47:54,705
THERE'S NOTHING REALLY IN HERE

1374
00:47:54,771 --> 00:47:56,073
TO EMBARRASS HER, BUT THERE ARE

1375
00:47:56,139 --> 00:47:57,808
A COUPLE THINGS IN HERE I THINK

1376
00:47:57,874 --> 00:48:00,010
ARE JUST QUINTESSENTIAL MICHELE.

1377
00:48:00,077 --> 00:48:01,411
SO YOU CAN READ THAT.

1378
00:48:01,478 --> 00:48:02,045
PILES OF IDEAS.

1379
00:48:02,112 --> 00:48:03,247
THIS IS ON HER DESK.

1380
00:48:03,313 --> 00:48:06,850
PILES OF IDEAS.

1381
00:48:06,917 --> 00:48:08,385
AND THAT'S SO TYPICAL OF HER.

1382
00:48:08,452 --> 00:48:10,487
SHE WAS CONSTANTLY COLLECTING

1383
00:48:10,554 --> 00:48:10,821
IDEAS.

1384
00:48:10,887 --> 00:48:12,022
SHE WAS JUST FILLED WITH IDEAS

1385
00:48:12,089 --> 00:48:13,924
THAT SHE WOULD BRING IN, AND

1386
00:48:13,991 --> 00:48:15,926
ENERGIZE THE OFFICE AND GET IT

1387
00:48:15,993 --> 00:48:20,530
TRANSLATED AROUND THE CAMPUS.

1388
00:48:20,597 --> 00:48:23,934
THIS MONSTROUS FILING WARDROBE

1389
00:48:24,001 --> 00:48:26,637
THING, IT LOOKS LIKE IT'S OUT OF

1390
00:48:26,703 --> 00:48:28,538
A FAIRY TALE -- A HORROR

1391
00:48:28,605 --> 00:48:29,640
STORY -- I MEAN, AS SOON AS YOU

1392
00:48:29,706 --> 00:48:31,808
WALK IN, IT'S REALLY IMPOSING.

1393
00:48:31,875 --> 00:48:33,477
IT'S ACTUALLY BLOCKING OUT THE

1394
00:48:33,543 --> 00:48:34,177
WINDOW.

1395
00:48:34,244 --> 00:48:35,479
BUT AGAIN, OF COURSE SHE HAS A

1396
00:48:35,545 --> 00:48:37,314
LOT OF HER FILES IN THERE, AND

1397
00:48:37,381 --> 00:48:38,548
I'M INCLUDING IT, IT'S KIND OF

1398
00:48:38,615 --> 00:48:40,317
WEIRD TO SAY, BUT YOU KNOW, THIS

1399
00:48:40,384 --> 00:48:41,852
COULDN'T FIT ANYWHERE IN THE

1400
00:48:41,918 --> 00:48:42,352
OFFICE.

1401
00:48:42,419 --> 00:48:44,054
WE DIDN'T HAVE MUCH SPACE.

1402
00:48:44,121 --> 00:48:46,156
AND AGAIN, IT'S THE KIND OF

1403
00:48:46,223 --> 00:48:47,291
SACRIFICES SHE WOULD MAKE FOR

1404
00:48:47,357 --> 00:48:47,791
THE OFFICE.

1405
00:48:47,858 --> 00:48:49,493
I MEAN, IT TAKES UP ABOUT A

1406
00:48:49,559 --> 00:48:50,761
THIRD OF THE OFFICE AND MAKES IT

1407
00:48:50,827 --> 00:48:52,262
KIND OF CLAUSTROPHOBIC, BUT SHE

1408
00:48:52,329 --> 00:48:53,430
WAS WILLING TO HAVE THAT IN

1409
00:48:53,497 --> 00:48:54,598
THERE BECAUSE THERE WAS REALLY

1410
00:48:54,665 --> 00:48:55,766
NO OTHER PLACE IN THE OFFICE TO

1411
00:48:55,832 --> 00:48:59,803
KEEP THAT KIND OF THING.

1412
00:48:59,870 --> 00:49:01,438
I LOVE THE HATS HERE.

1413
00:49:01,505 --> 00:49:02,739
YOU'D HAVE TO KNOW, SHE

1414
00:49:02,806 --> 00:49:04,341
ALTERNATED BETWEEN THESE VERY

1415
00:49:04,408 --> 00:49:07,177
CUTE HATS AND A HARD HAT.

1416
00:49:07,244 --> 00:49:07,644
I JUST

1417
00:49:07,711 --> 00:49:08,578
LOVE THAT ABOUT HER.

1418
00:49:08,645 --> 00:49:10,113
SHE WOULD HAVE TO WEAR THE HARD

1419
00:49:10,180 --> 00:49:11,181
HAT SOMETIMES BECAUSE SHE WOULD

1420
00:49:11,248 --> 00:49:12,482
GO TO PLACES THAT WERE

1421
00:49:12,549 --> 00:49:13,617
ESSENTIALLY CONDEMNED BUILDINGS.

1422
00:49:13,684 --> 00:49:15,385
YOU KNOW, PLACES THAT WERE GOING

1423
00:49:15,452 --> 00:49:16,887
TO GET TORN DOWN AT ANY MOMENT,

1424
00:49:16,953 --> 00:49:18,088
SHE WOULD HAVE TO RACE IN TO

1425
00:49:18,155 --> 00:49:19,189
MAKE SURE THEY WEREN'T THROWING

1426
00:49:19,256 --> 00:49:20,424
OUT ANYTHING AND SHE WOULD PUT

1427
00:49:20,490 --> 00:49:22,125
ON HER HARD HAT AND COME BACK

1428
00:49:22,192 --> 00:49:23,727
AND PUT A CUTE HAT.

1429
00:49:23,794 --> 00:49:25,929
GOTTA LOVE HER FOR THAT.

1430
00:49:25,996 --> 00:49:28,231
THAT YELLOW -- THE TAPE MEASURE,

1431
00:49:28,298 --> 00:49:30,867
THE INDUSTRIAL SIZED TAPE

1432
00:49:30,934 --> 00:49:32,903
MEASURE, AGAIN, JUST A FRIEND OF

1433
00:49:32,969 --> 00:49:34,171
ANY LEGITIMATE MUSEUM CURATOR.

1434
00:49:34,237 --> 00:49:35,906
I MEAN, THAT THING GOES OUT

1435
00:49:35,972 --> 00:49:38,909
WHAT, 30 FEET?

1436
00:49:38,975 --> 00:49:40,811
SO WHAT DID SHE DO WITH ALL

1437
00:49:40,877 --> 00:49:42,312
THESE IDEAS AND OBJECTS?

1438
00:49:42,379 --> 00:49:44,214
WELL, SHE WOULD FIND SPACES FOR

1439
00:49:44,281 --> 00:49:45,615
THEM ALL AROUND CAMPUS, AND YOU

1440
00:49:45,682 --> 00:49:46,583
MIGHT LOOK AT THIS AND YOU

1441
00:49:46,650 --> 00:49:49,152
THINK, WELL, IT'S A NONDESCRIPT

1442
00:49:49,219 --> 00:49:51,555
SPACE, YOU KNOW, WITH THE

1443
00:49:51,621 --> 00:49:52,823
PAINTING, IT LOOKS LIKE IT WAS

1444
00:49:52,889 --> 00:49:55,325
STOLEN FROM A RED ROOF INN UP IN

1445
00:49:55,392 --> 00:49:56,193
GERMAN TOWRNTION BUT SHE WOULD

1446
00:49:56,259 --> 00:49:58,562
SEE THAT AS ACTUAL, YOU KNOW,

1447
00:49:58,628 --> 00:49:59,396
EXHIBIT SPACE.

1448
00:49:59,463 --> 00:50:01,898
AND SHE WOULD TURN IT INTO THESE

1449
00:50:01,965 --> 00:50:02,799
BEAUTIFUL AND EDUCATIONAL

1450
00:50:02,866 --> 00:50:05,769
EXHIBITS LIKE THE MOST RECENT

1451
00:50:05,836 --> 00:50:07,371
ONE.

1452
00:50:07,437 --> 00:50:08,638
THESE ARE ALL AROUND CAMPUS.

1453
00:50:08,705 --> 00:50:10,240
THERE'S DOZENS OF THEM.

1454
00:50:10,307 --> 00:50:11,508
AND IT'S ALL BECAUSE OF THAT

1455
00:50:11,575 --> 00:50:13,076
PILE OF IDEAS THAT SHE HAD ON

1456
00:50:13,143 --> 00:50:14,311
HER DESK.

1457
00:50:14,378 --> 00:50:15,846
AND IT GOT TRANSLATED INTO

1458
00:50:15,912 --> 00:50:19,116
SOMETHING VERY TACTILE, VERY

1459
00:50:19,182 --> 00:50:21,251
EDUCATIONAL, VERY INSPIRATIONAL

1460
00:50:21,318 --> 00:50:24,354
FOR THE STAFF, I THINK, AND IT

1461
00:50:24,421 --> 00:50:26,223
ALL ORIGINATED WITH MICHELE.

1462
00:50:26,289 --> 00:50:28,024
THERE SHE IS IN THE MIDDLE, OF

1463
00:50:28,091 --> 00:50:28,258
COURSE.

1464
00:50:28,325 --> 00:50:30,327
AND THAT MAKES SENSE.

1465
00:50:30,394 --> 00:50:31,361
A COUPLE MORE THINGS.

1466
00:50:31,428 --> 00:50:32,562
SO THIS IS ONE OF OUR

1467
00:50:32,629 --> 00:50:33,430
VOLUNTEERS.

1468
00:50:33,497 --> 00:50:36,133
THE OFFICE REALLY DEPENDS ON

1469
00:50:36,199 --> 00:50:36,533
VOLUNTEERS.

1470
00:50:36,600 --> 00:50:38,902
THEY DO INCREDIBLE WORK THAT

1471
00:50:38,969 --> 00:50:40,070
WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO GET DONE

1472
00:50:40,137 --> 00:50:40,971
WITHOUT THEM.

1473
00:50:41,037 --> 00:50:43,273
DAN WAS ONE OF THEM, A VERY

1474
00:50:43,340 --> 00:50:45,108
UNIQUE GUY WHO CAME IN 2006,

1475
00:50:45,175 --> 00:50:47,310
WHEN HE WAS JUST A WILD-EYED KID

1476
00:50:47,377 --> 00:50:49,279
IN THE 70s.

1477
00:50:49,346 --> 00:50:51,081
AND AS HE GOT OLDER, HE HAD

1478
00:50:51,148 --> 00:50:52,616
TROUBLE GETTING TO CAMPUS, BUT

1479
00:50:52,682 --> 00:50:55,986
HE STILL WANTED TO VOLUNTEER.

1480
00:50:56,052 --> 00:50:57,854
SO MICHELE, FOR YEARS, WOULD

1481
00:50:57,921 --> 00:51:00,323
DRIVE TO HIS HOUSE WITH

1482
00:51:00,390 --> 00:51:03,126
MATERIALS FOR HIM TO SCAN, SO HE

1483
00:51:03,193 --> 00:51:05,595
COULD STAY INVOLVED AND WE WOULD

1484
00:51:05,662 --> 00:51:07,097
BENEFIT FROM THE WORK.

1485
00:51:07,164 --> 00:51:08,832
BUT I JUST LIKE THAT ABOUT

1486
00:51:08,899 --> 00:51:10,233
MICHELE, HOW SHE COULD KEEP THIS

1487
00:51:10,300 --> 00:51:12,369
GUY INVOLVED IN LIFE ITSELF IN

1488
00:51:12,436 --> 00:51:14,971
HELPING THE MUSEUM, BUT WEEK

1489
00:51:15,038 --> 00:51:16,773
AFTER WEEK, SHE WOULD GO BACK

1490
00:51:16,840 --> 00:51:19,943
AND FORTH TO HIS HOUSE AND

1491
00:51:20,010 --> 00:51:22,446
EXCHANGE MATERIALS.

1492
00:51:22,512 --> 00:51:24,314
A WONDERFUL MAN AT THAT.

1493
00:51:24,381 --> 00:51:26,416
WE MENTIONED 70 ACRES OF SCIENCE

1494
00:51:26,483 --> 00:51:28,718
IN PASSING, BUT SHE HAS THIS

1495
00:51:28,785 --> 00:51:30,153
WONDERFUL BOOKLET THAT REALLY

1496
00:51:30,220 --> 00:51:32,222
NEEDS TO BE TURNED INTO A

1497
00:51:32,289 --> 00:51:32,789
LEGITIMATE BOOK.

1498
00:51:32,856 --> 00:51:35,525
WE HAVE SO MUCH MORE TO OFFER,

1499
00:51:35,592 --> 00:51:41,231
WE TRIED THAT, WITH THE LEGAL

1500
00:51:41,298 --> 00:51:43,533
RAMIFICATIONS OF PUBLISHING IT

1501
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:44,768
AT THE NIH BUT SOMETHING I

1502
00:51:44,835 --> 00:51:46,369
DIDN'T WANT TO PASS UP HERE,

1503
00:51:46,436 --> 00:51:47,337
VERY WORTHWHILE DOING.

1504
00:51:47,404 --> 00:51:48,805
I'LL END WITH THIS JUST TO

1505
00:51:48,872 --> 00:51:49,873
REMIND PEOPLE THAT SHE DID START

1506
00:51:49,940 --> 00:51:52,509
HERE WHEN SHE WAS 14 YEARS OLD.

1507
00:51:52,576 --> 00:51:53,210
[LAUGHTER]

1508
00:51:53,276 --> 00:51:54,377
I'M EYEBALLING IT BUT I THINK

1509
00:51:54,444 --> 00:51:55,178
THAT WAS ABOUT RIGHT.

1510
00:51:55,245 --> 00:51:58,048
SO SHE WAS AN INTERN IN THE LATE

1511
00:51:58,114 --> 00:51:58,548
1980s.

1512
00:51:58,615 --> 00:51:59,916
AND I'M PUTTING THIS HERE JUST

1513
00:51:59,983 --> 00:52:03,487
SO YOU UNDERSTAND, IT'S 30-SOME

1514
00:52:03,553 --> 00:52:05,021
YEARS OF INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY

1515
00:52:05,088 --> 00:52:07,290
THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE LOSING

1516
00:52:07,357 --> 00:52:09,059
UNFORTUNATELY WHEN SHE RETIRES.

1517
00:52:09,125 --> 00:52:11,261
WHICH IS UNFORTUNATE BUT WE WERE

1518
00:52:11,328 --> 00:52:13,997
VERY THANKFUL TO HAVE HER HERE.

1519
00:52:14,064 --> 00:52:15,232
IN GENERAL.

1520
00:52:15,298 --> 00:52:21,438
[APPLAUSE]

1521
00:52:21,505 --> 00:52:23,340
SO THERE'S REALLY NO REASON FOR

1522
00:52:23,406 --> 00:52:24,774
ME TO BE HERE FOR QUESTIONS.

1523
00:52:24,841 --> 00:52:26,409
YOU WANT TO COME BACK UP HERE

1524
00:52:26,476 --> 00:52:28,545
AND THEN ANYONE WHO NEEDS TO

1525
00:52:28,612 --> 00:52:30,313
HAVE A QUESTION, ANYTHING ONLINE

1526
00:52:30,380 --> 00:52:31,047
YET?

1527
00:52:31,114 --> 00:52:31,248
OKAY.

1528
00:52:31,314 --> 00:52:34,017
>> NO, BUT PLEASE TELL THEM TO

1529
00:52:34,084 --> 00:52:35,151
SEND IN THEIR QUESTIONS.

1530
00:52:35,218 --> 00:52:36,419
>> I WAS TOLD TO PLEASE TELL

1531
00:52:36,486 --> 00:52:38,755
PEOPLE TO SEND IN QUESTIONS.

1532
00:52:38,822 --> 00:52:42,259
THERE'S A "SEND LIVE VIDEO

1533
00:52:42,325 --> 00:52:44,461
FEEDBACK" BUTTON UNDERNEATH THE

1534
00:52:44,528 --> 00:52:45,529
VIDEOCAST SCREEN, I KNOW THERE'S

1535
00:52:45,595 --> 00:52:47,297
UP TO 100 PEOPLE WATCHING, SO

1536
00:52:47,364 --> 00:52:48,865
YOU CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS THAT

1537
00:52:48,932 --> 00:52:50,500
WAY, JUST PUSH THE BUTTON EAND

1538
00:52:50,567 --> 00:52:52,936
TER IT.

1539
00:52:53,003 --> 00:52:53,103
AND

1540
00:52:53,169 --> 00:52:55,105
ENTER IT.

1541
00:52:59,009 --> 00:53:00,544
>> WHAT IS THE ODDEST OBJECT

1542
00:53:00,610 --> 00:53:04,314
YOU'VE EVER RECEIVED?

1543
00:53:04,381 --> 00:53:07,350
>> HE ASKED ME WHAT THE ODDEST

1544
00:53:07,417 --> 00:53:09,419
OBJECT I EVER RECEIVED.

1545
00:53:09,486 --> 00:53:11,187
THERE ARE A LOT OF REALLY ODD

1546
00:53:11,254 --> 00:53:13,256
OBJECTS.

1547
00:53:13,323 --> 00:53:14,925
I THINK THE ONE THAT MADE THE

1548
00:53:14,991 --> 00:53:19,095
BIGGEST IMPRESSION ON ME, THO

1549
00:53:19,162 --> 00:53:22,299
THOUGH, FOR BEING ODD WAS A

1550
00:53:22,365 --> 00:53:26,903
SKULL WITH AN ELECTRODE IN IT.

1551
00:53:26,970 --> 00:53:28,038
AND IT WAS THE FIRST TIME THAT

1552
00:53:28,104 --> 00:53:31,575
THEY WERE ABLE TO ACTUALLY

1553
00:53:31,641 --> 00:53:34,210
SINGLE OUT THE RESPONSE OF ONE

1554
00:53:34,277 --> 00:53:36,513
CELL IN A BRAIN, AND I THOUGHT,

1555
00:53:36,580 --> 00:53:38,348
IF SOMEBODY CAUGHT ME WALKING

1556
00:53:38,415 --> 00:53:39,482
ACROSS CAMPUS WITH THIS, THEY

1557
00:53:39,549 --> 00:53:40,684
WOULD PROBABLY ARREST ME.

1558
00:53:40,750 --> 00:53:42,252
BUT YEAH, THAT'S PROBABLY THE

1559
00:53:42,319 --> 00:53:43,787
ODDEST THING.

1560
00:53:43,853 --> 00:53:47,757
>> THANK YOU.

1561
00:53:47,824 --> 00:53:49,359
>> THANK YOU FOR THIS EXCITING

1562
00:53:49,426 --> 00:53:50,160
LECTURE.

1563
00:53:50,226 --> 00:53:53,663
I WONDER IF YOU COULD EXPLAIN

1564
00:53:53,730 --> 00:53:55,198
HOW HISTORIANS AND SCHOLARS

1565
00:53:55,265 --> 00:53:59,135
AROUND THE WORLD HAVE ACCESS TO

1566
00:53:59,202 --> 00:54:02,539
IMAGES, STORIES AND PERHAPS

1567
00:54:02,606 --> 00:54:07,077
ACTUAL ACCESS TO THE OBJECTS

1568
00:54:07,143 --> 00:54:09,346
SOMEHOW.

1569
00:54:09,412 --> 00:54:09,913
>> THAT'S EASY.

1570
00:54:09,980 --> 00:54:13,183
THEY JUST EMAIL US AT

1571
00:54:13,249 --> 00:54:14,284
HISTORY.NIH.GOV, AND WE CAN

1572
00:54:14,351 --> 00:54:15,251
ARRANGE FOR APPOINTMENTS FOR

1573
00:54:15,318 --> 00:54:21,458
PEOPLE TO COME AND LOOK AT

1574
00:54:21,524 --> 00:54:25,762
OBJECTS OR OUR ARCHIVAL HOLDI

1575
00:54:25,829 --> 00:54:26,863
HOLDINGS, OUR PHOTOGRAPHS.

1576
00:54:26,930 --> 00:54:28,031
HISTORIANS DO THAT ALL THE TIME,

1577
00:54:28,098 --> 00:54:29,699
AND SO DO LAWYERS, BECAUSE

1578
00:54:29,766 --> 00:54:31,167
APPARENTLY THERE'S LOTS OF

1579
00:54:31,234 --> 00:54:33,303
PATENT SUITS.

1580
00:54:33,370 --> 00:54:35,338
YOU CAN ALSO CONTACT US FOR THE

1581
00:54:35,405 --> 00:54:37,107
MANUALS AND TRADE CATALOG

1582
00:54:37,173 --> 00:54:37,540
COLLECTION.

1583
00:54:37,607 --> 00:54:39,643
ALL OF THE MANUALS HAVE BEEN

1584
00:54:39,709 --> 00:54:40,510
DIGITIZED.

1585
00:54:40,577 --> 00:54:42,112
THE TRADE CATALOGS HAVE NOT.

1586
00:54:42,178 --> 00:54:46,650
THOSE ARE VERY POPULAR, THE

1587
00:54:46,716 --> 00:54:46,883
MANUALS.

1588
00:54:46,950 --> 00:54:48,351
SO BASICALLY JUST GET IN CONTACT

1589
00:54:48,418 --> 00:54:52,555
WITH US.

1590
00:54:52,622 --> 00:54:54,124
>> I HAVE A QUESTION FROM

1591
00:54:54,190 --> 00:54:55,358
ONLINE.

1592
00:54:55,425 --> 00:54:57,994
WE HAVE A QUESTION IN FROM

1593
00:54:58,061 --> 00:54:58,561
ELIZABETH.

1594
00:54:58,628 --> 00:54:59,729
FIRST OFF SHE SAYS

1595
00:54:59,796 --> 00:55:00,897
CONGRATULATIONS, AND THEN SHE

1596
00:55:00,964 --> 00:55:02,666
ASKS, WHAT WILL YOU MISS MOST

1597
00:55:02,732 --> 00:55:09,472
ABOUT YOUR JOB AT NIH?

1598
00:55:09,539 --> 00:55:13,376
>> I'LL MISS MEETING ALL THE

1599
00:55:13,443 --> 00:55:14,644
PEOPLE.

1600
00:55:14,711 --> 00:55:15,812
I ALWAYS WANTED TO BE THE

1601
00:55:15,879 --> 00:55:17,914
PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY,

1602
00:55:17,981 --> 00:55:19,683
BECAUSE THEN YOU COULD, YOU

1603
00:55:19,749 --> 00:55:21,484
KNOW, YOU COULD LEARN ALL THE

1604
00:55:21,551 --> 00:55:25,188
COOL NEW STUFF GOING ON IN ALL

1605
00:55:25,255 --> 00:55:26,322
THESE DIFFERENT FIELDS OF STUDY

1606
00:55:26,389 --> 00:55:27,557
FROM ALL THE PEOPLE WHO WERE

1607
00:55:27,624 --> 00:55:28,191
DOING IT.

1608
00:55:28,258 --> 00:55:29,693
THAT'S PRETTY MUCH WHAT I ENDED

1609
00:55:29,759 --> 00:55:30,994
UP BEING, WAS THE PRESIDENT OF

1610
00:55:31,061 --> 00:55:33,296
THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NIH, AT

1611
00:55:33,363 --> 00:55:33,663
LEAST.

1612
00:55:33,730 --> 00:55:36,599
AND SO I WILL MISS -- I'LL MISS

1613
00:55:36,666 --> 00:55:38,134
MEETING ALL THE DIFFERENT PEOPLE

1614
00:55:38,201 --> 00:55:40,336
AND LEARNING ABOUT ALL THEIR

1615
00:55:40,403 --> 00:55:42,839
WORK AND THEIR LIVES, BECAUSE SO

1616
00:55:42,906 --> 00:55:48,812
MUCH OF IT IS SO FASCINATING,

1617
00:55:48,878 --> 00:55:51,781
AND I HAD MET VERY FEW PEOPLE

1618
00:55:51,848 --> 00:55:59,255
HERE AT NIH WITH THANK WITH HUM.

1619
00:55:59,322 --> 00:56:02,459
THE FEW I HAVE, HAVE HAD REASONS

1620
00:56:02,525 --> 00:56:06,262
TO HAVE BIG EGOS.

1621
00:56:06,329 --> 00:56:09,032
>> AND WE ALSO HAVE AN INQUIRY

1622
00:56:09,099 --> 00:56:11,234
ABOUT 70 ACRES OF SCIENCE, WHICH

1623
00:56:11,301 --> 00:56:12,936
IS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD ON OUR

1624
00:56:13,002 --> 00:56:13,937
WEBSITE.

1625
00:56:14,003 --> 00:56:15,805
SO I'LL BE EMAILING THEM THAT

1626
00:56:15,872 --> 00:56:18,842
LINK, BUT FOR ANYONE ELSE WHO

1627
00:56:18,908 --> 00:56:21,511
WANTS TO GIVE THAT A READ, THE

1628
00:56:21,578 --> 00:56:22,779
PDF IS AVAILABLE.

1629
00:56:22,846 --> 00:56:26,916
IF ANYONE ELSE IN THE AUDIEN

1630
00:56:26,983 --> 00:56:27,217
AUDIENCE --

1631
00:56:27,283 --> 00:56:27,650
>> HI, MICHELE.

1632
00:56:27,717 --> 00:56:29,519
THAT WAS A GREAT TALK.

1633
00:56:29,586 --> 00:56:31,087
CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

1634
00:56:31,154 --> 00:56:32,589
THE ORAL HISTORIES THAT YOU'VE

1635
00:56:32,655 --> 00:56:36,760
BEEN INVOLVED WITH?

1636
00:56:36,826 --> 00:56:43,466
YOU ARE REYOU HAVY REVIEWING TH.

1637
00:56:43,533 --> 00:56:45,268
>> WE DO HAVE QUITE A WONDERFUL

1638
00:56:45,335 --> 00:56:50,940
COLLECTION OF ORAL HISTORIES.

1639
00:56:51,007 --> 00:56:53,543
NOT AS BIG AS WE WISH.

1640
00:56:53,610 --> 00:56:54,844
BECAUSE PEOPLE GET AWAY FROM US

1641
00:56:54,911 --> 00:56:58,548
BEFORE WE CAN CAPTURE THEM.

1642
00:56:58,615 --> 00:56:59,749
ONE OF THE IMPORTANT COLLECTIONS

1643
00:56:59,816 --> 00:57:01,818
OF IT, DR. HARDEN DID.

1644
00:57:01,885 --> 00:57:02,819
IT'S INTERVIEWS WITH DIFFERENT

1645
00:57:02,886 --> 00:57:05,522
PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON THE AIDS

1646
00:57:05,588 --> 00:57:06,389
PANDEMIC.

1647
00:57:06,456 --> 00:57:09,826
THEN BOOK ENDING THAT ARE THE

1648
00:57:09,893 --> 00:57:12,262
HUNDREDS OF INTERVIEWS THAT OUR

1649
00:57:12,328 --> 00:57:14,531
ARCHIVIST HAS DONE WITH

1650
00:57:14,597 --> 00:57:15,598
EMPLOYEES AROUND NIH ABOUT WHAT

1651
00:57:15,665 --> 00:57:16,833
THEY'VE DONE DURING COVID.

1652
00:57:16,900 --> 00:57:18,034
SHE'S REALLY BECOME, I THINK,

1653
00:57:18,101 --> 00:57:20,136
THE FACE OF THE OFFICE AROUND

1654
00:57:20,203 --> 00:57:21,437
CAMPUS AND HAS REALLY

1655
00:57:21,504 --> 00:57:26,176
REJUVENATED THE OFFICE AND SHE'S

1656
00:57:26,242 --> 00:57:27,510
A WONDERFUL PERSON.

1657
00:57:27,577 --> 00:57:29,445
WE CALL HER THE ARCHIVIST OF THE

1658
00:57:29,512 --> 00:57:35,618
NIH.

1659
00:57:35,685 --> 00:57:36,686
THEY'RE ALL AVAILABLE ONLINE

1660
00:57:36,753 --> 00:57:41,024
AFTER THEY'RE REVIEWED, TRY TO

1661
00:57:41,090 --> 00:57:42,025
EDIT THEM TO MAKE SENSE.

1662
00:57:42,091 --> 00:57:42,892
>> I HAVE A COUPLE MORE

1663
00:57:42,959 --> 00:57:43,459
QUESTIONS.

1664
00:57:43,526 --> 00:57:45,962
THEY'RE ROLLING IN.

1665
00:57:46,029 --> 00:57:47,397
WE HAVE ONE FROM KATE ASKING

1666
00:57:47,463 --> 00:57:48,932
WHAT'S THE MOST SURPRISING THING

1667
00:57:48,998 --> 00:57:50,567
THAT YOU'VE DISCOVERED WHILE

1668
00:57:50,633 --> 00:57:59,876
WORKING AT NIH?

1669
00:57:59,943 --> 00:58:01,544
>> VICKIE PROBABLY REMEMBERS

1670
00:58:01,611 --> 00:58:04,480
THIS UP IN THE ATTIC OF BUILDING

1671
00:58:04,547 --> 00:58:04,681
1.

1672
00:58:04,747 --> 00:58:06,916
WE WENT UP INTO THE ATTIC AND

1673
00:58:06,983 --> 00:58:07,884
DISCOVERED ALL THE STUFF THAT

1674
00:58:07,951 --> 00:58:09,152
THEY HAD MOVED IN THERE WHEN

1675
00:58:09,219 --> 00:58:11,754
THEY HAD MOVED UP INTO BUILDING

1676
00:58:11,821 --> 00:58:12,422
1 IN 1938.

1677
00:58:12,488 --> 00:58:15,425
SO THEY HAD CRATES OF PAINTINGS,

1678
00:58:15,491 --> 00:58:18,928
THEY HAD A CRATED SMALLPOX

1679
00:58:18,995 --> 00:58:20,330
EXHIBIT THAT IS NOW IN OUR

1680
00:58:20,396 --> 00:58:22,098
COLLECTION.

1681
00:58:22,165 --> 00:58:24,901
THEY HAD MILK PASTEURIZATION

1682
00:58:24,968 --> 00:58:27,804
EQUIPMENT DRAWINGS THAT'S ALSO

1683
00:58:27,871 --> 00:58:28,805
IN OUR COLLECTION NOW.

1684
00:58:28,872 --> 00:58:31,007
THE PAINTINGS, WE GAVE TO THE

1685
00:58:31,074 --> 00:58:32,342
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE.

1686
00:58:32,408 --> 00:58:35,979
THE BUNTING THAT WAS USED WHEN

1687
00:58:36,045 --> 00:58:37,614
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT DEDICATED

1688
00:58:37,680 --> 00:58:38,014
THE CAMPUS.

1689
00:58:38,081 --> 00:58:39,549
THERE WAS QUITE A LOT OF STUFF

1690
00:58:39,616 --> 00:58:42,051
STUCK UP THERE FOR DECADES AND

1691
00:58:42,118 --> 00:58:50,493
NOBODY TOUCHED IT UNTIL WE CAME.

1692
00:58:50,560 --> 00:58:53,396
>> MICHELE, FOR THE RECORD, DO

1693
00:58:53,463 --> 00:59:02,705
YOU HAVE AN ARCHIVED LIST OF --

1694
00:59:02,772 --> 00:59:06,342
OBJECTS?

1695
00:59:06,409 --> 00:59:07,377
-- OF MISSING OBJECTS?

1696
00:59:07,443 --> 00:59:09,012
>> WE HAVE VERY FEW MISSING

1697
00:59:09,078 --> 00:59:13,716
OBJECTS.

1698
00:59:13,783 --> 00:59:14,517
REALLY, VERY FEW.

1699
00:59:14,584 --> 00:59:18,354
WE'VE HAD ONE THEFT THAT I KNOW.

1700
00:59:18,421 --> 00:59:20,657
AND VERY FEW LOSSES DURING THE

1701
00:59:20,723 --> 00:59:21,557
EARLY MOVES, BUT THAT'S ABOUT

1702
00:59:21,624 --> 00:59:25,261
IT.

1703
00:59:25,328 --> 00:59:35,371
I THINK DR. WYATT WOULD LIKE ME

1704
00:59:35,438 --> 00:59:39,909
TO ASK EVERYONE OF A PORTRAIT

1705
00:59:39,976 --> 00:59:40,743
OF -- YES, IT KIND OF LOOKS LIKE

1706
00:59:40,810 --> 00:59:41,244
THAT.

1707
00:59:41,311 --> 00:59:42,578
SO WE HOPE THAT SOMEBODY HAS IT

1708
00:59:42,645 --> 00:59:44,314
IN THEIR ATTIC AT ONE OF THEIR

1709
00:59:44,380 --> 00:59:45,348
BUILDINGS.

1710
00:59:45,415 --> 00:59:52,455
>> THANK YOU.

1711
00:59:52,522 --> 00:59:54,223
>> WE HAVE PLENTY MORE, MANY

1712
00:59:54,290 --> 00:59:56,092
PEOPLE ASKING ABOUT ORAL

1713
00:59:56,159 --> 00:59:57,660
HISTORIES AND SORT OF THE NATURE

1714
00:59:57,727 --> 00:59:59,329
OF ORAL HISTORIES, HOW THEY CAN

1715
00:59:59,395 --> 01:00:00,930
CONNECT STORIES TO OBJECTS AND

1716
01:00:00,997 --> 01:00:02,065
WHETHER OR NOT YOU GO BACK AND

1717
01:00:02,131 --> 01:00:05,234
LOOK AT THEM FOR THEIR ACCURACY

1718
01:00:05,301 --> 01:00:10,440
VERSUS THE STORIES THEMSELVES.

1719
01:00:10,506 --> 01:00:11,708
SO WHAT WAS YOUR APPROACH TO

1720
01:00:11,774 --> 01:00:12,809
ORAL HISTORIES IN THAT REGARD?

1721
01:00:12,875 --> 01:00:14,777
>> SO AN ORAL HISTORY IS TOLD

1722
01:00:14,844 --> 01:00:16,446
FROM THE MEMORY OF THE PERSON

1723
01:00:16,512 --> 01:00:18,181
WHO YOU'RE INTERVIEWING, AND

1724
01:00:18,247 --> 01:00:22,785
PEOPLE'S MEMORIES ARE NOTORI

1725
01:00:22,852 --> 01:00:23,419
NOTORIOUSLY UNRELIABLE.

1726
01:00:23,486 --> 01:00:27,924
SO IF YOU LOOK AT AN ORAL

1727
01:00:27,991 --> 01:00:28,925
HISTORY AND THINK THAT THAT'S

1728
01:00:28,992 --> 01:00:30,994
WHAT REALLY HAPPENED, YOU BETTER

1729
01:00:31,060 --> 01:00:31,861
DOUBLE-CHECK AND MAKE SURE THAT

1730
01:00:31,928 --> 01:00:38,668
THAT'S WHAT REALLY HAPPENED.

1731
01:00:38,735 --> 01:00:40,036
BUT WE DO GO BACK AND USE THEM

1732
01:00:40,103 --> 01:00:41,671
TO SEE HOW OBJECTS WERE USED, TO

1733
01:00:41,738 --> 01:00:44,607
SEE HOW POLICIES WERE DEVELOPED

1734
01:00:44,674 --> 01:00:48,144
AT NIH.

1735
01:00:48,211 --> 01:00:49,612
WE HAVE A REALLY NICE COLLECTION

1736
01:00:49,679 --> 01:00:51,914
OF ORAL HISTORIES DONE WITH

1737
01:00:51,981 --> 01:00:52,882
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OFFICERS

1738
01:00:52,949 --> 01:00:57,754
WHO WENT TO THE AMERICAN SOUTH

1739
01:00:57,820 --> 01:01:00,757
AT THE BEGINNING OF MEDICARE,

1740
01:01:00,823 --> 01:01:01,791
AND THEY WERE CHECKING TO MAKE

1741
01:01:01,858 --> 01:01:03,993
SURE THAT THE HOSPITALS WERE

1742
01:01:04,060 --> 01:01:04,894
DESEGREGATED BECAUSE THE

1743
01:01:04,961 --> 01:01:05,828
HOSPITALS COULDN'T GET THE

1744
01:01:05,895 --> 01:01:07,864
FEDERAL FUNDING UNLESS THEY WERE

1745
01:01:07,930 --> 01:01:08,698
DESEGREGATED.

1746
01:01:08,765 --> 01:01:11,601
THEY HAD QUITE THE WILD

1747
01:01:11,667 --> 01:01:12,168
EXPERIENCES DOWN THERE.

1748
01:01:12,235 --> 01:01:13,736
YOU CAN FIND THOSE ON OUR

1749
01:01:13,803 --> 01:01:14,270
WEBSITE TOO.

1750
01:01:14,337 --> 01:01:17,040
SO THAT CONNECTS TO AN EVEN

1751
01:01:17,106 --> 01:01:18,341
BROADER HISTORY THAN NIH'S

1752
01:01:18,408 --> 01:01:22,045
HISTORY, LIKE MANY OF THEM DO.

1753
01:01:22,111 --> 01:01:23,513
>> WELL, IT LOOKS LIKE WE'RE AT

1754
01:01:23,579 --> 01:01:26,115
THE END OF OUR TIME SLOT, SO

1755
01:01:26,182 --> 01:01:27,517
THERE ARE PLENTY MORE QUESTIONS

1756
01:01:27,583 --> 01:01:29,819
THAT I WILL BE RESPONDING TO IN

1757
01:01:29,886 --> 01:01:31,287
EMAIL FORM BECAUSE THIS IS

1758
01:01:31,354 --> 01:01:32,855
REALLY CAPTURING PEOPLE'S

1759
01:01:32,922 --> 01:01:33,289
ATTENTION.

1760
01:01:33,356 --> 01:01:35,058
SO I APPRECIATE IT, AND I

1761
01:01:35,124 --> 01:01:35,291
THINK --

1762
01:01:35,358 --> 01:01:35,958
>> THANK YOU.

1763
01:01:36,025 --> 01:01:37,894
>> ARE WE READY TO MOVE ON?

1764
01:01:37,960 --> 01:01:38,161
WONDERFUL.

1765
01:01:38,227 --> 01:01:41,764
THANK YOU, GUYS, AND

1766
01:01:41,831 --> 01:01:42,598
REFRESHMENTS IN THE BACK.

1767
01:01:42,665 --> 01:01:47,503
[APPLAUSE]

1768
01:01:47,570 --> 01:01:49,539
>> I'D LIKE TO THANK EVERYBODY

1769
01:01:49,605
FOR COMING.