1 00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:06,160 >>WELCOME. 2 00:00:06,160 --> 00:00:14,440 I'M JEFF REZNICK. 3 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:16,240 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US FOR 4 00:00:16,240 --> 00:00:17,920 TODAY'S NLM HISTORY TALK. 5 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:21,240 TO THOSE ON TWITTER, THANKS FOR 6 00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:29,360 FOLLOWING ALONG USING THE 7 00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:31,280 HASHTAG #NLMHIST TALK. 8 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:33,480 FOR QUESTIONS USE THE "LIVE 9 00:00:33,480 --> 00:00:33,880 FEEDBACK" BUTTON. 10 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:35,000 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF 11 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:36,200 MEDICINE'S ANNUAL SERIES OF 12 00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:38,520 HISTORY TALKS ARE INTENDED TO 13 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:40,680 PROMOTE AWARENESS AND USE OF THE 14 00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:43,000 LIBRARY AND RELATED HISTORICAL 15 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:45,200 COLLECTIONS FOR RESEARCH, 16 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:49,680 EDUCATION, PUBLIC SERVICE, IN 17 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:59,080 BUY MEDICINE, SOCIAL SCIENCE AND 18 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:03,760 HUMANITIES, SPANNING TEN 19 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:05,320 CENTURIES FROM EVERY PART OF THE 20 00:01:05,320 --> 00:01:06,640 WORLD, PEOPLE OF COLOR, WOMEN, 21 00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:09,400 INDIVIDUALS OF A VARIETY OF 22 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:10,560 CULTURAL AND DISCIPLINARY 23 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:13,040 BACKGROUNDS WHO VOLUME THESE 24 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:15,160 COLLECTIONS AND USE THEM TO 25 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:22,080 ADVANCE RESEARCH, TEACHING, AND 26 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:25,480 LEARNING. 27 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:26,520 CO-SPONSORED BY NATIONAL 28 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:27,960 ENDOWMENT OF HUMANITIES, 29 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:29,480 COLLABORATING ON RESEARCH, 30 00:01:29,480 --> 00:01:34,000 EDUCATION, CAREER INITIATIVES. 31 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:34,640 SPECIFICALLY, THE PARTNERSHIP 32 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:38,040 THROUGH VIRGINIA TECH TO 33 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:41,440 CO-SPONSOR DATA, HEALTH, DIGITAL 34 00:01:41,440 --> 00:01:44,200 HUMANITIES, A SERIES OF VIRTUAL 35 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:50,720 PROGRAMS AND SCHOLARLY BOOK. 36 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:52,480 TO EXPLAIN I'D LIKE TO INTRODUCE 37 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:54,120 DR. TOM EWING OF VIRGINIA TECH, 38 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:56,240 PROFESSOR IN DEPARTMENT OF 39 00:01:56,240 --> 00:02:05,960 HISTORY AT VIRGINIA TECH, 40 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:07,160 ASSOCIATE RESEARCH PROJECT 41 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:09,480 COLORS TRANSMISSION OF 42 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:16,240 INFORMATION ABOUT THE SO-CALLED 43 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:19,800 RUSSIAN INFLUENZA OF 1899 AND 44 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:20,120 1890. 45 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:23,720 HE COORDINATES THE DATA AND 46 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:28,640 SOCIAL CONTEXT PROGRAM, WHICH 47 00:02:28,640 --> 00:02:29,240 SUSTAINS INTERDISCIPLINARY 48 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:31,800 APPROACH IN THE HUMANITIES AND 49 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:32,720 SOCIAL SCIENCES. 50 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:34,600 THANKS FOR JOINING US, I'LL TURN 51 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:36,400 THINGS OVER TO YOU. 52 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:38,160 >>THANK YOU. 53 00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:45,840 IT'S MY PRIVILEGE TO BE PART OF 54 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:47,800 THE PROGRAM AND VIRGINIA TECH 55 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:49,120 INITIATIVE YOU MENTIONED. 56 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:50,760 THIS IS A WORKSHOP BRINGING 57 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:52,400 TOGETHER NINE EARLY CAREER 58 00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:59,640 SCHOLARS IT THE INTERSECTION OF 59 00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:01,600 DATA HEALTH AND HUMANITIES, 60 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:03,120 REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, PANDEMICS, 61 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:04,680 MATERNAL HEALTH, COMMUNITY 62 00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:06,320 WELL-BEING, FROM SCHOLARLY 63 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:07,160 PERSPECTIVES IN ANTHROPOLOGY, 64 00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:10,920 PUBLIC HEALTH HISTORY AND MUSEUM 65 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:12,440 STUDIES, CHAPTERS PUBLISHED IN 66 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:15,120 OPEN ACCESS PEER REVIEWED VOLUME 67 00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:17,560 FROM VIRGINIA TECH PUBLISHING. 68 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:19,000 THIS FULFILLS SHARED MISSION OF 69 00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:20,080 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 70 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:22,040 AND NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR 71 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:23,600 HUMANITIES AND VIRGINIA TECH 72 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:25,680 ENGAGING PUBLIC AUDIENCES WITH 73 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:27,240 ADVANCED RESEARCH THAT HAS 74 00:03:27,240 --> 00:03:29,000 IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR 75 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:30,280 SOCIAL WELL-BEING, PUBLIC 76 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:31,600 POLICY, COMMUNITY RELATIONS. 77 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:33,000 DR. KIM GALLIN OF BROWN 78 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:34,200 DELIVERED THE FIRST, AS PART OF 79 00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:37,040 HISTORY TALK SERIES, MET WITH 80 00:03:37,040 --> 00:03:40,640 THE WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS FOR A 81 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:42,080 DISCUSSION OF BRINGING 82 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:43,040 HUMANITIES INTO SCHOLARSHIP ON 83 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:48,200 DATA AND HEALTH AND LOOK FORWARD 84 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:51,080 TO THE SECOND BY DR. KATY KOLE 85 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:52,800 DE PERALTA, AND MEETING WITH 86 00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:54,320 PARTICIPANTS THIS MONTH. 87 00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:56,240 A CLINICAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 88 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:57,840 OF HISTORY AT ARIZONA STATE 89 00:03:57,840 --> 00:03:59,280 UNIVERSITY, HER RESEARCH 90 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:00,600 INTEGRATES HISTORY OF MEDICINE 91 00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:01,880 ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY MODERN 92 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:04,400 IBERIA AND PERU TO CAPTURE 93 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:07,000 INTRINSIC AND HISTORICAL 94 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:07,800 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT 95 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:10,120 AND HEALTH IN URBAN AREAS AND 96 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:13,840 DEMONSTRATE EVOLUTION OF HEALTH 97 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:16,320 AS A FULLY CHANGING CONCEPT ON 98 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:19,080 CULTURAL CONTEXT IN WHICH IT WAS 99 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:20,840 PRODUCED, USING DIGITAL 100 00:04:20,840 --> 00:04:22,040 HUMANITIES AND OPEN ACCESS 101 00:04:22,040 --> 00:04:23,760 PLATFORMS TO MAKE ENVIRONMENTAL 102 00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:26,120 HEALTH HISTORY ACCESSIBLE TO 103 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:27,520 ENGLISH AND SPANISH-SPEAKING 104 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:28,080 AUDIENCES. 105 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:32,240 DURING THE PANDEMIC SHE PIVOTED 106 00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:35,160 FROM EARLY MODERN MEDICINE TO 107 00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:37,240 DOCUMENTED COVID-19, PROJECT 108 00:04:37,240 --> 00:04:40,000 LEAD OF JOURNAL, PLAGUE YEAR, 109 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:41,360 THE LARGEST CROWD SOURCED 110 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,840 ARCHIVE ON THE PANDEMIC. 111 00:04:43,840 --> 00:04:47,080 AUTHOR OF A BOOK CALLED "MURDER 112 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:48,440 AND MARTYRDOM" ON ETHNOHISTORY 113 00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:53,680 OF SPANISH FLORIDA AND NUMEROUS 114 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:56,080 SCHOLARLY ARTICLES INCLUDING 115 00:04:56,080 --> 00:04:57,160 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA SENTENCE, 116 00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:07,440 SMELL SCAPES IN LIMA PERU, AND 117 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,680 PUBLIC HEALTH AND WATER POLICIES 118 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:16,440 IN PERU, PUBLISHED IN THE 119 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:21,520 JOURNAL OF WATER HISTORY. 120 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:24,480 TODAY SHE JOINS US TO PRESENT 121 00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:26,600 LIFE AFTER LOCKDOWN, PANDEMIC 122 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:27,560 PERSPECTIVES FROM PERU. 123 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:27,880 WELCOME. 124 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:34,720 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY. 125 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:38,200 >>THANKS FOR THE GENEROUS 126 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:38,640 INTRODUCTION. 127 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:40,080 THANKS TO NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR 128 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:40,760 HUMANITIES AND NATIONAL LIBRARY 129 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:42,240 OF MEDICINE FOR SPONSORING THIS 130 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:47,400 AND TO JEFF AND TOM FOR 131 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:48,480 METICULOUS PLANNING AND INVITING 132 00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:49,480 ME AND PUTTING THIS INTERESTING 133 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:52,440 SERIES OF TALKS AND WORKSHOPS 134 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:54,320 TOGETHER ON HISTORY OF MEDICINE 135 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:54,920 AND DIGITAL HUMANITIES, WHICH 136 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:59,280 HAPPENING TO TWO OF MY FAVORITE 137 00:05:59,280 --> 00:05:59,680 SUBJECTS. 138 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:01,880 MOST IMPORTANTLY FOR YOUR 139 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:03,600 PRIORITIZATION OF GLOBAL 140 00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:03,920 PERSPECTIVES. 141 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:05,560 SO THE RESEARCH I'M GOING TO 142 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:09,400 TALK ABOUT DRAWS ON MY 143 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:12,120 EXPERIENCE WORKING WITH ONE OF 144 00:06:12,120 --> 00:06:13,360 THE LARGEST DIGITAL CROWD SOURCE 145 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:15,440 ARCHIVES ON THE COVID-19 146 00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:17,600 PANDEMIC, DRAWS ON THE CROWD 147 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:20,360 SOURCE EFFORTS OF ANOTHER 148 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:21,560 PROJECT IN PERU. 149 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:26,160 NOT ALL OF US SPEAK SPANISH. 150 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:27,440 IT MEANS ARCHIVE, IT'S A PROJECT 151 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:29,880 BUILT BY A FEW FACULTY MEMBERS 152 00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:32,400 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS 153 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:34,040 IN LIMA, PERU. 154 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:37,640 BECAUSE I'M A TRAINED EARLY 155 00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:39,160 MODERNIST, NORMALLY 16th 156 00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:40,360 CENTURY, HISTORICALLY POETIC 157 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:42,120 THAT TO THE SAN MARCOS 158 00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:44,640 UNIVERSITY CREATED A COVID 159 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:47,600 ARCHIVE GIVEN HISTORY AT ONE OF 160 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:48,960 THE FIRST MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES 161 00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:49,560 IN COLONIAL PERU. 162 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:51,080 BEING ABLE TO GIVE THIS TALK 163 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:53,400 TODAY MEANS I GET TO SHARE SOME 164 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:56,440 MATERIALS THAT WERE SUBMITTED TO 165 00:06:56,440 --> 00:06:59,200 THE ARCHIVES WITH YOU, INCLUDING 166 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:01,840 MEMES, SOCIAL MEDIA POST, 167 00:07:01,840 --> 00:07:03,120 STORIES, VIDEOS HIGHLIGHTING 168 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:04,240 STORIES PEOPLE WANTED TO RECORD 169 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:07,720 AND WANTED THE WORLD TO 170 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:08,080 REMEMBER. 171 00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:11,440 MY TALK SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE 172 00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:12,880 PANDEMIC EXPERIENCE IN PERU, 173 00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:17,560 THROUGH THE LINES OF CROWD 174 00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,760 SOURCE MATERIALS, THE STORIES 175 00:07:20,760 --> 00:07:27,200 THEY WANTED TO SHARE. 176 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:30,240 THIS PRESENTATION CAN AND WILL 177 00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:32,000 DRAW IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS 178 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:33,520 ABOUT DISCUSSING PUBLIC HEALTH 179 00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:35,720 MANDATES AND DISEASE MITIGATION 180 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:36,040 EFFORTS. 181 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:37,680 I WANT TO GIVE A LITTLE BIT OF 182 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:39,080 CONTEXT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE 183 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:42,480 AUDIENCE IS ALL ON THE SAME PAGE 184 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:44,600 BEFORE I TRANSITION INTO A 185 00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:47,240 NUANCED DISCUSSION OF THE 186 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:49,320 PANDEMIC IN PERU. 187 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:50,840 CROWD SOURCES, DIGITAL 188 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:53,560 HUMANITIES, PUBLIC HISTORY, THE 189 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:57,960 SOCIAL WEB, WHAT DOES CROWD 190 00:07:57,960 --> 00:07:58,960 SOURCE MEAN? 191 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:00,360 THE PROCESS ACTIVELY CONTRIBUTES 192 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:04,240 TO A PROJECT IN THE FORM OF 193 00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:06,400 DONATING TIME, EXPERTISE, AS IN 194 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:08,280 THE CASE OF TRANSCRIPTION 195 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:10,040 PROJECTS SUCH AS THOSE AT THE 196 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:11,800 SMITHSONIAN CENTER THAT ASK THE 197 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:14,280 PUBLIC TO BECOME DIGITAL 198 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:16,200 VOLUNTEERS AND TRANSCRIBE 199 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:18,800 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, THEN 200 00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:19,720 EVENTUALLY MADE PUBLIC, EASIER 201 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:21,480 FOR PEOPLE TO ACCESS BECAUSE OF 202 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:23,920 THE TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS. 203 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,800 IT CAN COME IN FORM OF 204 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:29,120 DONATIONS, ARCHIVES THAT SEEK 205 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:30,640 CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLLECT 206 00:08:30,640 --> 00:08:32,120 HISTORICAL MATERIALS, THESE CAN 207 00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:36,680 BE PHYSICAL, BUT IN THE CASE OF 208 00:08:36,680 --> 00:08:41,160 COVID-19, SAN MARCOS, THESE WERE 209 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:45,320 DIGITAL CROWDSOURCING EFFORTS. 210 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:47,160 THOSE ARE WHERE WE'RE ASKING THE 211 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:49,480 AUDIENCE, THE PUBLIC, TO 212 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:51,720 CONTRIBUTE DIGITAL OBJECTS THAT 213 00:08:51,720 --> 00:08:53,520 TELL ABOUT THE PANDEMIC. 214 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:55,360 FOR THE DIGITAL MEDIA IN PUBLIC 215 00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:57,680 HISTORY THESE ARE GET CONFUSED 216 00:08:57,680 --> 00:08:59,640 BECAUSE SOMETIMES THEY ARE 217 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:00,280 INTERCHANGEABLE, SOMETIMES THEY 218 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:02,200 COEXIST ON THE SAME PROJECT. 219 00:09:02,200 --> 00:09:10,000 NOT INTERCHANGE BUT COEXIST. 220 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:10,880 DIGITAL HUMANITIES GETS AT THE 221 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:12,280 QUESTION, HOW. 222 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:14,680 THIS IS USUALLY ANSWERED BY 223 00:09:14,680 --> 00:09:16,640 INCORPORATING DIGITAL TOOLS INTO 224 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:18,720 THE METHODOLOGY, THE PROCESS OF 225 00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:20,280 RESEARCH AND COLLECTING DATA AND 226 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:22,040 SOMETIMES EVEN THE PRESENTATION 227 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:23,720 OF THAT DATA. 228 00:09:23,720 --> 00:09:25,160 BY CONTRAST, PUBLIC HISTORY 229 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:27,360 SEEKS TO ANSWER A DIFFERENT 230 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,840 QUESTION, REALLY ASKING FOR 231 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:30,760 WHOM. 232 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:32,720 SO IN OTHER WORDS, SHARING AND 233 00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:33,960 DISSEMINATING RESEARCH WITH A 234 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:35,560 PARTICULAR AUDIENCE IS THE KEY 235 00:09:35,560 --> 00:09:37,000 DRIVING FORCE OF THE PROJECT. 236 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:40,880 IN THE CASE OF MANY COVID-19 237 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:43,440 ARCHIVES, 6,000 WE KNOW OF, 238 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:44,840 DIGITAL HUMANITIES AND PUBLIC 239 00:09:44,840 --> 00:09:47,960 HISTORY INTERSECT IN THE SAME 240 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:48,200 PROJECT. 241 00:09:48,200 --> 00:09:49,680 THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A 242 00:09:49,680 --> 00:09:52,200 CONTAGIOUS AND DEADLY PUBLIC 243 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,080 HEALTH CRISIS NECESSITATED 244 00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:55,600 PROJECTS SOCIALLY DISTANCED. 245 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:58,680 DIGITAL TOOLS AND EVEN THE 246 00:09:58,680 --> 00:10:00,640 COLLECTION OF DIGITAL OBJECTS 247 00:10:00,640 --> 00:10:01,840 FACILITATED REMOTE COLLECTION 248 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:06,000 PROJECTS THAT WERE CAST WIDELY 249 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,960 ACROSS THE WEB 2.0, PUBLIC 250 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:10,160 HISTORIANS CALL THE SOCIAL WEB. 251 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:12,120 THE SOCIAL WEB DRAWS ON THE 252 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:13,680 INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA 253 00:10:13,680 --> 00:10:16,080 NETWORKS TO ACTIVELY RECRUIT THE 254 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:19,680 PUBLIC AND ENCOURAGE 255 00:10:19,680 --> 00:10:20,240 PARTICIPATION. 256 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:24,280 DIGITAL CROWDSOURCING AS 257 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:25,480 METHODOLOGY SEEMS TO ALLOW THE 258 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,320 GENERAL PUBLIC TO CONTRIBUTE 259 00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:30,920 EXPERIENCES AND EXPERTISE. 260 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:33,800 THEREFORE IDEALLY MORE PEOPLE 261 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:35,320 PARTICIPATE IN THE PRESERVATION 262 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:44,280 OF AND PRODUCTION OF HISTORY. 263 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:49,880 THE DIGITAL ARCHIVE SOLVES SOME, 264 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:50,840 DIGITAL LITERACY, ABILITY TO 265 00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:52,720 NAVIGATE THROUGH A PROJECT 266 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:56,040 WEBSITE MOVING THROUGH A 267 00:10:56,040 --> 00:10:58,280 SUBMISSION PAGE WITH EASE. 268 00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:01,080 INTERNET ACCESS AND DEVICES THAT 269 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:02,680 CAN NAVIGATE WEB 2.0 ARE FAR 270 00:11:02,680 --> 00:11:05,160 FROM UNIVERSAL, IN THE U.S. 271 00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:07,440 ALONE THE SEC ESTIMATES SOME 19 272 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:09,440 MILLION AMERICANS DO NOT HAVE 273 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:12,080 FIXED BROADBAND SERVICE AT 274 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:12,760 THRESHOLD SPEEDS. 275 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:15,280 ANOTHER 100 MILLION PEOPLE DON'T 276 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:17,560 SUBSCRIBE TO ANY INTERNET 277 00:11:17,560 --> 00:11:17,880 SERVICE. 278 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:20,400 IN PERU 65.3% OF THE POPULATION 279 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:22,360 HAS INTERNET ACCESS. 280 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:24,120 WHICH MEANS THAT OVER ONE-THIRD 281 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:25,480 OF THE POPULATION WAS OFFLINE AT 282 00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:29,600 THE BEGINNING OF 2022. 283 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:36,360 THINK ABOUT WHAT THAT MEANS. 284 00:11:36,360 --> 00:11:37,720 IMMEDIATELY, THERE ARE 285 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:39,120 DIFFERENCES IN HOW PEOPLE ACCESS 286 00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:41,520 AND USE THE INTERNET. 287 00:11:41,520 --> 00:11:44,280 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT 288 00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:47,440 OF THE POPULATION ONLINE, A 289 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:48,760 SIGNIFICANT PORTION MAY ONLY BE 290 00:11:48,760 --> 00:11:49,960 ACCESSING THROUGH MOBILE PHONES. 291 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:52,440 IN PERU YOU MAY ALSO HAVE 292 00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:53,880 LIMITED DATA PLANS, SO 293 00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:54,840 LIKELIHOOD SOMEONE IS GOING TO 294 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:56,600 BE SITTING ON THE MOBILE PHONE 295 00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,600 USING PART OF THE MONTHLY 296 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:01,440 MINUTES OR DATA ALLOTMENT TO 297 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:03,400 CONTRIBUTE TO AN ARCHIVE 298 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:03,680 DIMINISHES. 299 00:12:03,680 --> 00:12:05,160 THEREFORE IMMEDIATELY FROM THE 300 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:07,520 GET-GO WE KNOW THERE'S A HUGE 301 00:12:07,520 --> 00:12:10,880 DIGITAL DRIVEN SILENCE IN ANY 302 00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:12,320 CROWD SOURCE THE ARCHIVE. 303 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:13,680 WE CAN STILL MAKE SENSE OF THE 304 00:12:13,680 --> 00:12:16,640 MATERIALS THAT DO GET SUBMITTED 305 00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:18,920 AND COLLECT GROUPS OF PEOPLE 306 00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:21,440 LIKE CHILDREN, OLDER ADULTS, 307 00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:21,960 ECONOMICALLY IMPOVERISHED, 308 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:23,760 HELPING US UNDERSTAND WHAT THE 309 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:27,000 PANDEMIC MEANS TO DISTINCT 310 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:29,000 GROUPS OF PEOPLE. 311 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:34,440 THIS FILLS LITERATURE, WHETHER 312 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:35,920 NATURAL OR MAN-MADE, DISASTERS 313 00:12:35,920 --> 00:12:46,480 MAKE MORE SENSE OVER SPACE AND 314 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:53,040 TIME. 315 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:55,280 DISASTERS OPERATE AS ROUNDS OF 316 00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:58,800 SENSE MAKING, CONFLICT, MEMORY, 317 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:00,000 CULTURAL PRACTICE, IMAGINATION, 318 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,960 THAT DEFINE AND BIND SOCIETIES 319 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:05,080 OVER LONG STRETCHES OF TIME. 320 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:09,000 SO HAVING LIVED THROUGH THE 321 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:10,560 PANDEMIC SOME RINGS TRUE. 322 00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:11,560 THE SHORTAGE OF HEALTH CARE 323 00:13:11,560 --> 00:13:12,440 WORKERS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES IN 324 00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:15,280 THE U.S. DID NOT REVEAL A NEW 325 00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:15,520 PROBLEM. 326 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:16,840 FOR YEARS THE HEALTH CARE 327 00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:23,920 INDUSTRY HAS BEEN TREMENDOUSLY 328 00:13:23,920 --> 00:13:24,760 SHORT STAFFED, COVID MADE 329 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:29,880 CHALLENGES MORE APPARENT AND 330 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:32,880 MORE URGENT TO RESOLVE. 331 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,200 IN PERU IT REVEALED STRAINS ON 332 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:40,240 THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS. 333 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:43,760 IT COMPRISES GOVERNMENT AND 334 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:44,400 NON-GOVERNMENT COVERAGE, 335 00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:45,280 ADMINISTRATIVE HEALTH, A 336 00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:47,240 SEPARATE SEGMENT FOR ARMED 337 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:48,240 FORCES, NATIONAL POLICE, AND 338 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:51,840 THEN ONE THAT COVERS A PRIVATE 339 00:13:51,840 --> 00:13:52,160 SECTOR. 340 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:53,280 GENERALLY INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT 341 00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:54,680 PRIVATE INSURANCE ARE FIRST TO 342 00:13:54,680 --> 00:13:58,960 GO TO PUBLIC HOSPITALS FOR 343 00:13:58,960 --> 00:14:00,560 MEDICAL ATTENTION, FACILITIES 344 00:14:00,560 --> 00:14:01,160 UNDEREQUIPPED, OVERCROWDED. 345 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:02,880 NOT TO MENTION IN BOTH THE 346 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:04,400 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS, 347 00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:06,280 PATIENTS ARE OFTEN EXPECTED TO 348 00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:08,360 PAY FOR MEDICATIONS ON DEMAND, 349 00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:09,800 SO THIS MEANS IF SOMEONE BECOMES 350 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,640 ILL OR IF YOU BECOME ILL, THE 351 00:14:12,640 --> 00:14:15,440 BURDEN IS PLACED ON YOU, OR A 352 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:16,880 LOVED ONE, TO ACQUIRE MEDICAL 353 00:14:16,880 --> 00:14:18,320 NECESSITIES AND BRING THEM TO 354 00:14:18,320 --> 00:14:20,280 THE HEALTH CARE FACILITY WHERE 355 00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:21,200 THEY ARE NEEDED. 356 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:23,160 ALL OF THIS IS TO SAY THAT THE 357 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:24,840 SYSTEM IS DIFFERENT. 358 00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:27,200 IT HAS ITS CHALLENGES. 359 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:28,880 MANY OF WHICH RECOGNIZED DURING 360 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:32,680 THE EARLY WAVES OF THE COVID-19 361 00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:33,160 PANDEMIC. 362 00:14:33,160 --> 00:14:34,440 NOW LET'S THINK ABOUT SENSE 363 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:36,360 MAKING, MAKING SENSE OF THE 364 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:44,520 PANDEMIC IN PERU AND HOW HAVE 365 00:14:44,520 --> 00:14:54,920 PERUVIANS MADE SENSE. . 366 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:04,720 THIS IS THE SHORT VERSION OF THE 367 00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:08,880 PLAGUE YEAR, JOPY'S COLLECTION, 368 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:10,600 ITS HAD MANY COLLECTIONS, ONE 369 00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:15,640 AREA SOUGHT TO COLLECT A RANGE 370 00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:18,960 OF MATERIALS, LOCAL AND 371 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:22,560 INTERNATIONAL NEWS, SOCIAL MEDIA 372 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:23,600 POSTS, MEMES. 373 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:24,800 SAN MARCOS COLLECTED VIDEO 374 00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:25,880 TESTIMONY AND SOCIAL MEDIA 375 00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:27,760 MATERIALS RELATED TO THE 376 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:29,640 INTERSECTION BETWEEN SOCIETY AND 377 00:15:29,640 --> 00:15:31,800 THE STATE, WITH STATED GOAL OF 378 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:33,680 OFFERING THE PUBLIC NARRATIVES 379 00:15:33,680 --> 00:15:35,200 ABOUT THE PANDEMIC. 380 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:36,720 THE SAN MARCOS ARCHIVE IS BROKEN 381 00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:42,840 DOWN INTO THREE MAIN SECTIONS. 382 00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:44,800 TESTIMONIES, IMAGES, SAN MARCOS 383 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:45,600 STUDENTS AND STAFF ASSOCIATED 384 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,800 WITH THE UNIVERSITY. 385 00:15:47,800 --> 00:15:52,640 MANY ITEMS YOU MIGHT FIND IN A 386 00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:56,840 COVID ARCHIVE, SUCH AS PHOTOS 387 00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:58,360 AND SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS. 388 00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:03,800 THERE ARE TWO TRENDS THAT EMBODY 389 00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:05,280 AN ARCHITECTURE. 390 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:08,000 THE ARCHIVE HOUSE AS SECTION 391 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:12,520 DEDICATED TO VIOLENCE. 392 00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:16,640 ANOTHER, OFF THE TERM WATERGATE, 393 00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:18,720 PUBLICLY PUBLISHED THE NAMES OF 394 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:21,240 WELL KNOWN PERUVIANS OFTEN 395 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:22,200 POLITICIANS WHO RECEIVED 396 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:27,000 EXPEDITED VACCINES, THANKS TO 397 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:27,680 POLITICAL CONNECTIONS. 398 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:30,640 SAN MARCOS STATES ONE OBJECTIVE 399 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:33,280 IS TO REGISTER HOW DURING THE 400 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:36,560 PERIOD OF FEAR OF COVID-19 401 00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:37,880 AUTHORITIES REACTED VIOLENTLY 402 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:40,520 TOWARDS CITIZENS. 403 00:16:40,520 --> 00:16:42,560 AND THIS CATEGORY INCLUDES 404 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:45,000 VIOLENCE AGAINST THE BODY, 405 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:47,600 VIOLENCE AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH, 406 00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:55,720 VIOLENCE AGAINST THE AMAZONS, 407 00:16:55,720 --> 00:16:56,600 ANTI-ASIAN VIOLENCE. 408 00:16:56,600 --> 00:17:01,200 THIS MAY STRIKE US AS A STRANGE 409 00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:02,480 CATEGORY. 410 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:06,440 PART IT'S IMPORTANT TO HAVE 411 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:08,280 CONTEXT, SO LIMA, THE CAPITAL, 412 00:17:08,280 --> 00:17:11,360 HAS A HISTORY OF RECENT 413 00:17:11,360 --> 00:17:13,680 VIOLENCE, FOR OVER A DECADE 414 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:16,520 BEGINNING IN THE LATE 1980s A 415 00:17:16,520 --> 00:17:18,040 TERRORIST ORGANIZATION WORKS TO 416 00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:20,360 OVERTHROW THE NATIONAL 417 00:17:20,360 --> 00:17:21,440 GOVERNMENT AND CONCENTRATED ITS 418 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:23,760 ATTACKS ON THE CAPITAL CITY. 419 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:26,400 THIS INCLUDED RANDOM CAR 420 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:30,440 BOMBINGS, OVER 25,000 421 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:30,760 FATALITIES. 422 00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:32,640 LIMA ENTERED A STATE OF 423 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:33,480 EMERGENCY, PUTTING 7 MILLION 424 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:35,560 RESIDENTS AT THE TIME UNDER 425 00:17:35,560 --> 00:17:36,720 CURFEW, MEANING PEOPLE WERE NOT 426 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:38,320 ALLOWED TO GO IN THE STREETS 427 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:41,360 BETWEEN 10 P.M. AND 5 A.M. 428 00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:43,680 IN ADDITION, THERE WERE PERIODS 429 00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:47,600 WHERE POLICE AND TANKS ACTIVELY 430 00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:48,480 PATROLLED ENFORCING CURFEW AND 431 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:49,520 PUBLIC ORDER. 432 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:52,160 THE RETURN OF PATROLS TO LIMA'S 433 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:54,640 STREETS TRIGGERED MEMORIES OF 434 00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:58,880 THE VIOLENCE OF THE 1980s, AN 435 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:00,520 AUTHOR DISCUSSING THE PANDEMIC, 436 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:05,040 CAPTURES THIS MEMORY. 437 00:18:05,040 --> 00:18:06,320 HE WRITES, QUOTE, "PERHAPS THE 438 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:07,760 MOST CONCERNING PART TO PROCESS 439 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:11,800 MENTALLY IS ACCEPTING THE ARMED 440 00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:13,680 FORCES IN THE STREETS, WHOO 441 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:14,760 TRANSPORTED MANY TO REMEMBER THE 442 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:16,720 MOST DIFFICULT AND PAINFUL 443 00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:17,840 SITUATIONS OF VIOLENCE AND 444 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,440 TERROR THAT REIGNED IN OUR 445 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:23,640 COUNTRY FROM 1980 TO 1996". 446 00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:26,240 FOR THE GENERATION OF PERUVIANS 447 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:30,760 WHO LIVED IN LIMA THEN, NATIONAL 448 00:18:30,760 --> 00:18:32,880 POLICE JUST FROM THEIR PRESENCE 449 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:36,000 AND CONTROL OF FOOT AND MOTOR 450 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:41,240 TRAFFIC REMATERIALIZES A 451 00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:42,040 GENERATIONAL TRAUMA. 452 00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:44,200 THIS EXTENDS BEYOND PUBLIC 453 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:46,480 SPACES, THE STATE'S HANDLING OF 454 00:18:46,480 --> 00:18:51,000 THE AMAZON REGION AMOUNTED TO 455 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:55,280 GOVERNMENT-SANCTIONED VIOLENCE. 456 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:59,960 IT'S A RICHLY BIODIVERSE 457 00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:01,560 REGIONING SPANNING SEVERAL 458 00:19:01,560 --> 00:19:10,800 COUNTRIES, OF RAINFOREST. . 459 00:19:10,800 --> 00:19:13,640 TO GO FURTHER THAN THE LAST CITY 460 00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:16,720 REQUIRES TAKING A BOAT, SOME SO 461 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:18,480 REMOTE IT CAN TAKE THREE OR FOUR 462 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:20,560 DAYS TO GET THERE BY BOAT, A 463 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:22,200 REGION WITH ISOLATED AREAS WITH 464 00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:26,920 MINIMAL CONNECTIONS TO THE 465 00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:28,240 OUTSIDE WORLD. 466 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:29,200 SOME COMMUNITIES WERE UNAWARE OF 467 00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:35,840 THE VIRUS UNTIL THE ARRIVAL OF 468 00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:36,760 VACCINE DISTRIBUTORS IN NOVEMBER 469 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:36,960 2021. 470 00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:39,040 ISOLATION WAS NOT THE CASE FOR 471 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:41,920 ALL AMAZONIAN COMMUNITIES. 472 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:46,040 SUCH AS THOSE ALONG THE RIVERS. 473 00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:47,320 THESE AREAS LACKED SANITATION 474 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:49,640 AND HEALTH CARE INFRASTRUCTURE 475 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,080 NEEDED TO STAVE OFF DISASTER. 476 00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:54,280 THESE COMMUNITIES ARE REMOTE, 477 00:19:54,280 --> 00:19:55,360 NEVERTHELESS LARGE, HOME TO 478 00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:58,320 HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, 479 00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:00,080 AND COMPRISE NEARLY 1,000 480 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:00,880 COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT THE 481 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:03,240 PERUVIAN AMAZON. 482 00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:05,200 FOR EXAMPLE, THE LARGEST CITY 483 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:14,320 HAS A POPULATION OF OVER 500,000 484 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:15,040 PEOPLE. 485 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:17,480 470 COMMUNITIES WERE SURVEYED, 486 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:18,800 TWO BIGGEST OUTBREAKS OCCURRED 487 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:22,200 IN APRIL TO JUNE, IN AUGUST, 488 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:22,480 2020. 489 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:24,920 MOREOVER AS THESE ARE OCCURRING, 490 00:20:24,920 --> 00:20:27,240 THERE'S A LARGE SURGE IN DEMAND 491 00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:30,280 FOR BASIC ITEMS LIKE MASKS, 492 00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:32,120 SANITIZERS, SOAP, AND OTHER 493 00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:32,800 MEDICAL SUPPLIES. 494 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:34,000 BECAUSE THESE ITEMS WERE 495 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:35,400 IMPORTED FROM CITIES WHERE THE 496 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:37,520 ITEMS ARE ALSO IN DEMAND, THE 497 00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:43,480 PRICE BECAME MUCH MORE 498 00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:48,240 EXPENSIVE, SOMETIMES 499 00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:49,680 PROHIBITIVELY SO. 500 00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:51,760 INACTION BECOMES AN ACT OF 501 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:53,480 EXTREME NEGLECT, NEGLECT SO 502 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:55,480 HORRENDOUS IT MANIFESTS AS 503 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:56,440 VIOLENCE. 504 00:20:56,440 --> 00:20:59,000 IN PARTICULAR, THE ARCHIVE HAD 505 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,560 44 AMAZONIAN COMMUNITIES WHOSE 506 00:21:02,560 --> 00:21:04,960 VULNERABILITY INTENSIFIED DUE TO 507 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,480 LIMITED ACCESS TO MEDICAL 508 00:21:07,480 --> 00:21:08,960 ATTENTION AND SANITATION. 509 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:10,000 THE STATE DOES NOT UNDERSTAND 510 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:15,640 THE GRAVITY AND URGENCY OF 511 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:18,680 PROBLEMS AND NOW MORE SO THAT 512 00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:20,360 IT'S SUFFERING ELEVATED RATE OF 513 00:21:20,360 --> 00:21:22,600 INFECTION AND DEATH DUE TO 514 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:23,000 VIRUS. 515 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,600 MATERIALS HOUSED IN THIS SECTION 516 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:32,800 OF VIOLENCE ARE WITNESS TO THE 517 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:33,480 SITUATION. 518 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:37,400 A HISTORY WAS RECORDED, 519 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:38,400 HUMANIZING THE ABANDONMENT. 520 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:42,920 SHE WAS IN A COMMUNITY WITH 521 00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:45,840 OTHERS SURVIVING DAY TO DAY, 522 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:47,760 DETAILING HOW THE WATER PUMP, 523 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:49,240 EVERYONE LINES UP EVERY DAY TO 524 00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:51,120 FILL THEIR CONTAINERS WITH 525 00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:51,440 WATER. 526 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:52,440 SHE MENTIONED UNCERTAINTY OF 527 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:53,960 STANDING IN LINE WITH A BUNCH OF 528 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:56,600 PEOPLE, NOT KNOWING IF SOMEONE 529 00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:59,080 WAS ASYMPTOMATIC, SHE RECALLS 530 00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:01,720 THAT WHEN PUBLIC HEALTH 531 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:02,800 PROPAGANDA, IN HER WORDS, 532 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:04,800 REACHED THEM AND TOLD PEOPLE TO 533 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:06,960 WASH THEIR HANDS EVERY 20 534 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:10,360 MINUTES, THE MANDATE FELT 535 00:22:10,360 --> 00:22:11,480 UNREASONABLE, IN HER WORDS, 536 00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:13,320 QUOTE, WHERE THERE IS NO WATER 537 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:14,720 IT'S IMPOSSIBLE THAT WE COULD 538 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:19,680 HAVE COMPLIED WITH ALL OF THIS, 539 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:20,760 END QUOTE. 540 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:22,080 WITHOUT SUFFICIENT WATER 541 00:22:22,080 --> 00:22:25,800 SUPPLIES AND MOUNTING COST OF 542 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:28,400 NECESSITIES, THEY NEEDED STATE 543 00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:30,640 INTERVENTION TO ADEQUATELY 544 00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:31,920 COMBAT COVID-19 SPREAD. 545 00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:33,480 HOWEVER, THE FACTS THAT 546 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:36,080 ARCHIVISTS AND PEOPLE LIVING IN 547 00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:38,200 THE AMAZON AND EXPRESSED 548 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:39,200 DISCONTENT HIGHLIGHTS JUST HOW 549 00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:42,800 SOCIAL MEDIA HAS CHANGED THE WAY 550 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:44,760 HUMANS EXPERIENCE PANDEMICS, AND 551 00:22:44,760 --> 00:22:46,160 THE WAYS PUBLIC HISTORIANS HAVE 552 00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:49,280 CHANGED THE WAY THEY DOCUMENT 553 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:49,480 THEM. 554 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:52,640 WITH THIS VIRUS IN PARTICULAR, 555 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:54,320 SOCIAL MEDIA AMPLIFIED PUBLIC 556 00:22:54,320 --> 00:22:56,560 OUTCRY AND PROVIDED A CHANNEL TO 557 00:22:56,560 --> 00:22:59,200 HOLD POLITICIANS AND PUBLIC 558 00:22:59,200 --> 00:22:59,880 HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS 559 00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:00,400 ACCOUNTABLE. 560 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:02,720 THE SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS ARCHIVED 561 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:06,240 BY SAN MARCOS CALL OUT MANY 562 00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:07,640 INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING MINISTER 563 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:10,280 OF HEALTH, PERUVIAN AGENCIES, 564 00:23:10,280 --> 00:23:13,360 EVEN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 565 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:16,880 SUCH AS CIDH, THE INTERAMERICAN 566 00:23:16,880 --> 00:23:18,600 COMMISSION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. 567 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:21,120 ONE IMAGE, FOR EXAMPLE, FROM 568 00:23:21,120 --> 00:23:23,840 MARCH 2021 STATES THE SECOND 569 00:23:23,840 --> 00:23:27,000 WAVE OF COVID-19 CONTINUES IN 570 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:28,440 INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AT THE 571 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,840 BOTTOM OF THE POST IT CALLS 572 00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:34,920 VIEWERS TO ACTION, ASKING FOR 573 00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:37,760 HELP, URGENT MEDICAL ATTENTION. 574 00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:39,840 575 00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:42,240 THE SAME USER DEMANDED THE STATE 576 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:43,640 SEND MEDICAL PROTECTION 577 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:46,400 EQUIPMENT AND HELP STABILIZING 578 00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:53,920 THE OUTBREAK IN ISOLATED 579 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:54,320 VILLAGES. 580 00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:55,560 IN APRIL 2020, INTERNATIONAL 581 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:56,520 ATTENTION WAS GRABBED FOR 582 00:23:56,520 --> 00:23:58,240 COLLAPSE OF HOSPITAL WOULD THE 583 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:01,520 SUPPLIES TO PRESERVE THE DEAD 584 00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:02,240 PROPERLY, HOSPITAL STAFF 585 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:04,000 RESORTED TO TAPE, MAKING IT 586 00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:06,000 DIFFICULT FOR FAMILIES TO 587 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,320 IDENTIFY THEIR LOVED ONES. 588 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:13,160 I'M ABOUT TO SHARE VIDEO SOMEONE 589 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:14,680 SHARED THAT CAPTURES WHAT THIS 590 00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:15,760 COLLAPSE LOOKS LIKE. 591 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:17,640 IT'S A LITTLE BIT DISTURBING TO 592 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:18,200 WATCH. 593 00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:20,880 PLEASE AVERT YOUR EYES IF YOU 594 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,320 ARE SENSITIVE TO LOSS AND 595 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:24,640 MOURNING AND WHAT IT MAY LOOK 596 00:24:24,640 --> 00:24:28,320 LIKE WHEN IT'S NOT FUNCTIONING 597 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:28,840 PROPERLY. 598 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:31,640 THIS JUST 30 SECONDS. 599 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:37,640 600 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:47,680 601 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:06,000 REPORTEDLY, IN THIS STAGE IN 602 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:07,640 APRIL, THERE WERE 80% OF 603 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:09,560 FATALITIES CAUSED DUE TO LACKS 604 00:25:09,560 --> 00:25:11,040 OF OXYGEN TANKS, LOCAL CHURCH 605 00:25:11,040 --> 00:25:12,400 LEADERS SEIZED ON THIS 606 00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:13,800 OPPORTUNITY TO APPEAL FOR 607 00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:18,040 DONATIONS TO BUILD AN OXYGEN 608 00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:19,840 PLANT THERE, THERE WAS A LOT OF 609 00:25:19,840 --> 00:25:21,760 INTERNATIONAL DONATIONS THAT 610 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:23,640 CAME IN, WITHIN 18 MONTHS TWO 611 00:25:23,640 --> 00:25:26,160 NEW PLANTS WERE BUILT IN THE 612 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:28,320 AMAZON REDUCING DEPENDENCY ON 613 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:30,440 OUTSIDE SUPPLIERS. 614 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:32,600 THE PERUVIAN AMAZON BATTLED AND 615 00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:34,920 EPIDEMIC ILL EQUIPPED TO FACE. 616 00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:37,120 SHORTAGE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE 617 00:25:37,120 --> 00:25:38,760 SUPPLIES AND PROTECTIVE MEDICAL 618 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:40,520 EQUIPMENT UNDERSCORES A LARGE 619 00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:44,040 DISPARITY IN HEALTH CARE ACCESS 620 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:46,280 IN REMOTE RURAL AREAS. 621 00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:52,320 VERY FEW PEOPLE LIVE IN THIS 622 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:56,400 REGION, THEY FELT ABANDON 623 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:58,520 WATCHING LOVED ONES DIE. 624 00:25:58,520 --> 00:25:59,480 OVERLOOKING ANOTHER DISTRICT 625 00:25:59,480 --> 00:26:01,400 SUBSET OF VIOLENCE IN THE 626 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,480 ARCHIVE, IF I FAILED TO MENTION 627 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:05,240 INTERSECTION BETWEEN SOCIAL 628 00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,080 MEDIA AND VIOLENCE AGAINST THE 629 00:26:08,080 --> 00:26:08,320 BODY. 630 00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:10,280 THIS SECTION CAPTURES THE 631 00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:12,480 WILLFUL NEGLECT OR DISREGARD FOR 632 00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:14,600 PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY PROTOCOLS 633 00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:16,200 AND ELIMINATES HOW SOCIAL MEDIA 634 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:22,120 FED INTO A SYSTEM OF CITIZEN 635 00:26:22,120 --> 00:26:22,560 SURVEILLANCE. 636 00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:23,920 NOTABLY, USERS WHOSE STORIES END 637 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:26,240 UP HERE DO NOT USE THE TERM 638 00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:26,600 VIOLENCE. 639 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:29,240 BUT THEY ARE EXPRESSING A SHARED 640 00:26:29,240 --> 00:26:30,320 CRITIQUE AND OFTEN PUBLIC 641 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:40,880 SHAMING OF ACTORS WHO FAILED TO 642 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,640 WEAR MASKS, SHAMED TO NEWS 643 00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:46,880 OUTLETS. 644 00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:50,560 THE CROWDS AT A SOCCER EVENT 645 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:52,640 HERE THROUGH NATIONAL NEWS 646 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:54,520 OUTLETS, CRITIQUED CITY 647 00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:56,400 OFFICIALS FOR VIOLATING 648 00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,640 BIOSECURITY MEASURES DURING 649 00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:02,640 COVID-19. 650 00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:05,600 THAT SAME MONTH 651 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:07,040 SHOWN HERE PHOTOGRAPHED 652 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:08,240 DRINKING, DANCING, CHATTING UP 653 00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:10,840 GUESTS AT INDOOR PARTY WHEN 654 00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:12,400 INDOOR BANS ON INDOOR GATHERINGS 655 00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:14,040 WERE STILL IN PLACE, THIS PARTY 656 00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:16,400 SHOULDN'T HAVE EVEN TAKEN PLACE, 657 00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:20,400 HERE IS THE PARTY, IMAGE 658 00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:26,600 CIRCULATED IN PERU'S NEWSPAPERS. 659 00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:31,760 THE HEADLINE READS ASKED TO SET 660 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,520 AN EXAMPLE AFTER BEING SPOTTED 661 00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:44,720 AT A PARTY. 662 00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:48,720 SURVEILLANCE REACHED INTO LOCAL 663 00:27:48,720 --> 00:27:49,320 NEIGHBORHOODS. 664 00:27:49,320 --> 00:27:50,560 ONE MORE CONTENTIOUS ACTIVITY 665 00:27:50,560 --> 00:27:51,320 WAS COVID PARTIES. 666 00:27:51,320 --> 00:27:53,360 THESE IN THE U.S. WERE 667 00:27:53,360 --> 00:27:54,840 INTENTIONALLY THROWN TO CATCH 668 00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:55,160 COVID. 669 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:56,960 IN PERU COVID PARTIES IS A TERM 670 00:27:56,960 --> 00:27:59,480 USED TO REFER TO PARTIES THAT 671 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:02,440 WERE ILLEGALLY HELD BECAUSE OF 672 00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:04,360 THE BAN AND MANDATES AGAINST 673 00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:04,960 INDOOR GATHERINGS. 674 00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:07,040 NATIONAL NEWSPAPER REPORTED A 675 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:08,160 STORY WHERE POLICE BUSTED MORE 676 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:11,000 THAN 30 INDIVIDUALS AT A 677 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,280 CLANDESTINE HALLOWEEN PARTY. 678 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:15,520 ANOTHER INCIDENT CRITIQUES 679 00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:18,120 ILLEGAL PARTY HELD AT THE HOUSE 680 00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:20,840 OF A STUDENT WHO WAS CURRENTLY 681 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:22,920 ENROLLED IN THE POLICE ACADEMY. 682 00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:24,920 THE PARTY BEGAN AT 8 P.M., SHUT 683 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:27,160 DOWN BY POLICE AT 3 A.M. 684 00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:30,560 ONE OF THE NEIGHBORS WHO GAVE 685 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,120 HIS OWN TAKE SAID, QUOTE, MY 686 00:28:33,120 --> 00:28:34,080 ENTIRE FAMILY COULD NOT SLEEP, 687 00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:35,640 DUE TO THE SCANDAL THEY WERE 688 00:28:35,640 --> 00:28:37,840 MAKING IN THAT HOUSE. 689 00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:39,440 THE POLICE ARRIVED JUST IN TIME. 690 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,440 HOW IS IT POSSIBLE DURING A 691 00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:44,480 PANDEMIC AND WITH THE VERY REAL 692 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:47,280 POSSIBILITY OF SPREADING 693 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:48,840 CONTAGION THEY ARE HAVING 694 00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:49,320 PARTIES? 695 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:50,840 ADDING TO THIS EMPHASIS OF 696 00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:53,720 VIOLENCE BY THE STATE AGAINST 697 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:55,600 ITS PEOPLE, AND CITIZENS AGAINST 698 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:57,960 NEIGHBORS, I'D LIKE TO ADD A 699 00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:00,600 THIRD CATEGORY, VIOLENCE AGAINST 700 00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:01,720 THE ENVIRONMENT. 701 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:03,160 THE PANDEMIC ACCELERATED 702 00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:05,680 CONSUMPTION AND DISPOSAL OF 703 00:29:05,680 --> 00:29:07,600 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT, 704 00:29:07,600 --> 00:29:09,280 HYGIENE PRODUCTS, ONE-USE 705 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:12,560 PACKAGING FOR FOOD, MEDICAL 706 00:29:12,560 --> 00:29:13,160 TEST, VACCINES. 707 00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:16,200 HANDS IN HAND WITH THIS RELIANCE 708 00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:20,360 ON DISPOSABLE RESOURCES WAS 709 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:24,960 INCREASE IN PLASTIC POLLUTION, 710 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,360 IN PARTICULAR SEVERAL POLYMERS 711 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:30,040 ARE COMMON COMPONENTS OF 712 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:30,440 AFFORDABLE PPE. 713 00:29:30,440 --> 00:29:32,880 HOWEVER, WHEN THEY ARE 714 00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:34,720 MISMANAGED, AS IN NOT PROPERLY 715 00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:38,440 DISPOSED OF, CAPTURED IN WASTE 716 00:29:38,440 --> 00:29:41,400 REMOVAL SYSTEMS, IT MEANS THEY 717 00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:45,120 WILL REMAIN IN THE LANDSCAPE OR 718 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:46,440 REACH THE OCEAN. 719 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:50,800 IN A STUDY IN LIMA, RESEARCHERS 720 00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:56,400 TRACKED PPE LEFT AT 11 COASTAL 721 00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:57,680 SITES, SHOWN HERE. 722 00:29:57,680 --> 00:29:59,320 TRACKED FROM SEPTEMBER TO 723 00:29:59,320 --> 00:30:00,720 DECEMBER 2020, FOUND MOST OF THE 724 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:02,920 TRASH WASN'T WASHING UP FROM THE 725 00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:06,640 OCEAN, BUT RATHER THE MASKS AND 726 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:11,320 OTHER PPE WERE WASHED BY 727 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:11,920 VISITORS AT RECREATIONAL 728 00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:12,200 BEACHES. 729 00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:15,480 THERE ARE A SERIES OF PHOTOS 730 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:17,800 THAT COMPRISE THE MASK TRASH 731 00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:19,040 SERIES, PHOTOS THAT COVER PLACES 732 00:30:19,040 --> 00:30:23,240 IN THE U.S. AND PERU AND SIMPLY 733 00:30:23,240 --> 00:30:26,560 DOCUMENT HOW FABRIC AND 734 00:30:26,560 --> 00:30:29,080 DISPOSABLE MASKS CLUTTER THE 735 00:30:29,080 --> 00:30:29,560 LANDSCAPE. 736 00:30:29,560 --> 00:30:33,520 THEIR ARE THREE TAKEN FROM PERU. 737 00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:35,720 PEOPLE WILL ADJUST TO WEAR MASKS 738 00:30:35,720 --> 00:30:36,920 IN PUBLIC AND THEY WERE 739 00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:39,160 NECESSARY TO SLOW THE RATE OF 740 00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:40,880 TRANSMISSION, THEY CAME WITH 741 00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:42,320 ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS. 742 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:45,040 THESE PHOTOS CAPTURE CONTINUOUS 743 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:46,560 CYCLE OF PEDESTRIANS DROPPING 744 00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:48,400 MASKS, LEAVING THEM BEHIND, THE 745 00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:52,640 ACTUAL PHYSICAL REMOVAL OF THAT 746 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:53,600 OBJECT LEFT IN QUESTION. 747 00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:56,760 WHO IS GOING TO PICK UP THIS 748 00:30:56,760 --> 00:30:57,040 MASK? 749 00:30:57,040 --> 00:30:58,640 IF YOU DROP A MASK AT THE 750 00:30:58,640 --> 00:30:59,840 UNIVERSITY IT WON'T BE THERE 751 00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:00,920 MORE THAN TWO HOURS BECAUSE 752 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:02,120 THERE'S A TEAM OF LANDSCAPING 753 00:31:02,120 --> 00:31:03,080 PEOPLE WHO WILL COME THROUGH AND 754 00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:06,320 MAKE SURE EVERYTHING IS LOOKING 755 00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:08,280 INITIAL. -- NICE, NOT TRUE IN 756 00:31:08,280 --> 00:31:10,680 ALL AREAS. 757 00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:11,960 PHYSICAL REMOVAL AND POTENTIALLY 758 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:14,280 TOXIC INGREDIENTS IN URBAN 759 00:31:14,280 --> 00:31:20,440 SPACES LIKE HERE IS LEFT UP TO 760 00:31:20,440 --> 00:31:21,440 BYSTANDERS, OR MUNICIPAL 761 00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:22,560 SANITATION WORKERS. 762 00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:25,640 PHOTOS ATTEMPT TO PIN DOWN MORE 763 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:29,280 EPHEMERAL STORIES OF 764 00:31:29,280 --> 00:31:29,960 ENVIRONMENTAL VIOLENCE. 765 00:31:29,960 --> 00:31:32,560 NOW I WANT TO PIVOT FROM THE 766 00:31:32,560 --> 00:31:35,120 HEAVIER TOPIC OF VIOLENCE TO 767 00:31:35,120 --> 00:31:37,480 LIGHTER SUBJECT OF HUMOR. 768 00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:40,480 ONE OF THE STRENGTHS OF THE 769 00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:42,960 ARCHIVE IT RECOGNIZED MEMES WERE 770 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:47,480 VALUABLE SOURCES OF PANDEMIC 771 00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:47,920 HISTORY. 772 00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:49,760 I'M A TRAINED LATIN AMERICAN 773 00:31:49,760 --> 00:31:52,280 HISTORIAN, RESEARCH LOOKS AT 774 00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:53,680 ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH, 1*6th 775 00:31:53,680 --> 00:31:55,120 CENTURY, BUT THIS TRAINING 776 00:31:55,120 --> 00:31:56,640 PROVIDED CERTAIN ADVANTAGES, 777 00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,400 WHEN WORKING ON A DIGITAL 778 00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:02,400 PROJECT DOCUMENTING A CURRENT 779 00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:04,720 EVENT. 780 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:05,920 WE'RE OFTEN LIMITED NOT BY 781 00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:07,680 QUESTIONS WE WANT TO ASK ABOUT 782 00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:11,320 THE PAST BUT THE SOURCES, DO THE 783 00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:12,600 SOURCES EXIST? 784 00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:17,960 IF THEY DO EXIST, CAN WE ASK 785 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:18,160 THEM? 786 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:19,960 OFTEN THE ANSWER IS YOU CAN ASK 787 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:21,240 THE QUESTION BUT YOU MAY NOT BE 788 00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:23,120 ABLE TO ANSWER. 789 00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:25,960 THE SOURCE MAY NOT BE THERE, 790 00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:28,600 MAYBE BE BEHIND PRESERVATION 791 00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,560 SYSTEM, NOT IN CIRCULATION, OR 792 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:41,080 SOME WHERE ELSE, NOT EVEN KNOWN 793 00:32:46,480 --> 00:32:47,280 OF YET. 794 00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:48,400 I WANTED TO CAPTURE STORIES I 795 00:32:48,400 --> 00:32:50,280 WISH I HAD FROM THE 16th 796 00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:52,240 CENTURY, ONE AREA IS HUMOR. 797 00:32:52,240 --> 00:32:53,960 YOU CAN GET A SENSE OF WHAT 798 00:32:53,960 --> 00:33:02,320 PEOPLE LAUGH AT, MAYBE FROM 799 00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:08,440 LITERATURE, NOVELS, BUT NOT SURE 800 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:10,040 OF THE JOKE. 801 00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:11,240 SOCIAL MEDIA PROVIDES CLUES INTO 802 00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:14,480 HOW PEOPLE FELT ABOUT A JOKE. 803 00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:16,520 WHEN DOCUMENTING HUMAN I TRIED 804 00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:18,160 TO FOLLOW MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA 805 00:33:18,160 --> 00:33:19,160 ACCOUNTS, AND ONE IMPORTANT 806 00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:21,680 ASPECT WAS TO DOCUMENT HOW 807 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:22,360 PEOPLE REACTED. 808 00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:24,600 SO, WHAT WERE THE COMMENTS, WHAT 809 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:26,040 DID PEOPLE SAY, WHO WAS IT 810 00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:29,000 SHARED BY AND HOW IS THIS MEME 811 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:32,400 USED OVER TIME, HOW DOES MEANING 812 00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:35,200 CHANGE, WHEN SHARED ACROSS 813 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:35,840 PLATFORMS? 814 00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:36,840 WE ALSO ASKED CONTRIBUTORS TO 815 00:33:36,840 --> 00:33:38,840 TELL US WHY THEIR STORY MATTERS. 816 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:45,880 THIS IS A VERY IMPORTANT 817 00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:46,400 DISTINCTION. 818 00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:47,920 FOR JAPY WE ASKED TELL US A 819 00:33:47,920 --> 00:33:49,240 STORY AND WE GET MORE 820 00:33:49,240 --> 00:33:52,320 INFORMATION THAN JUST THE OBJECT 821 00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:52,920 ITSELF. 822 00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:54,160 WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE 823 00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:57,240 MAY GET THE JOKE TODAY, SOMEONE 824 00:33:57,240 --> 00:33:58,560 VISITING THIS ARCHIVE 50 OR 100 825 00:33:58,560 --> 00:34:04,000 YEARS FROM NOW MAY NOT GET IT. 826 00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:06,840 THEY ARE CONTEXTUALIZING HUMAN 827 00:34:06,840 --> 00:34:08,080 WITH METADATA, TO ORGANIZE 828 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,600 MATERIALS, WE'RE ABLE TO MAKE 829 00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:15,320 THESE ITEMS MORE ACCESSIBLE TO 830 00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:19,320 THE PUBLIC AND RESEARCHERS. 831 00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:22,600 MUTATION IS A CLEAR SIGNAL THEY 832 00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:24,040 SHOULD BE TAKEN SERIOUSLY AS 833 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:25,120 PANDEMIC OBJECTS. 834 00:34:25,120 --> 00:34:28,120 THIS WAS POSTED BY THE BEING 835 00:34:28,120 --> 00:34:29,600 PERUVIAN INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT. 836 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:32,560 THE MEME STATES THE ONLY BESO I 837 00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:32,760 WANT. 838 00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:35,840 A BESO IS A KISS. 839 00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:37,720 A BESA DE MOZA TRANSLATES AS 840 00:34:37,720 --> 00:34:42,520 KISS OF A YOUNG GIRL, IT'S A 841 00:34:42,520 --> 00:34:45,280 CANDY, COVERED WITH CHOCOLATE, 842 00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:47,240 NICE, SWEET TREAT. 843 00:34:47,240 --> 00:34:57,520 THE JOKE HERE IS THE DOUBLE 844 00:34:57,520 --> 00:34:57,800 ENTENDRE. 845 00:34:57,800 --> 00:34:58,720 IT'S CUSTOMARY TO GREET PEOPLE 846 00:34:58,720 --> 00:35:00,520 WITH A KISS ON THE CHEEK IN 847 00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:00,920 PERU. 848 00:35:00,920 --> 00:35:03,240 THE JOKE IS MAKING LIGHT OF WHAT 849 00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:06,080 IS OTHERWISE A PRETTY DISRUPTIVE 850 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:10,120 SHIFT IN SOCIAL NORMS. 851 00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:12,640 ANOTHER MEME MAKES LIGHT OF SOME 852 00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:16,440 OF PERU'S AUTHORITARIAN SOCIAL 853 00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:16,720 CONTROLS. 854 00:35:16,720 --> 00:35:19,080 PERU HAD SOME OF THE STRICT'S 855 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:20,640 LOCKDOWN REGULATIONS. 856 00:35:20,640 --> 00:35:21,280 HOW STRICT? 857 00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:23,440 JUST TO GIVE A SNAPSHOT OF WHAT 858 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:26,200 IT LOOKED LIKE IN THE FIRST 859 00:35:26,200 --> 00:35:28,120 TOTAL LOCKDOWN, FROM MARCH TO 860 00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:30,720 MAY OF 2020, CHILDREN WERE NOT 861 00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:31,760 ALLOW TO GO OUTSIDE. 862 00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:33,000 PEOPLE WERE ONLY ALLOWED TO 863 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,400 LEAVE HOME ON CERTAIN DAYS TO 864 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,320 PURCHASE FOOD AND OTHER 865 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:38,160 NECESSARY ITEMS. 866 00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:39,760 IF YOU NEEDED FOR SOME REASON TO 867 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:43,280 TAKE A BUS OR TAXI, YOU HAD TO 868 00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:45,160 HAVE A SPECIAL PERMIT, ALLOWING 869 00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:48,840 YOU TO USE PUBLIC 870 00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:49,280 TRANSPORTATION. 871 00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:49,880 USING TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC, 872 00:35:49,880 --> 00:35:51,840 MEANT IN SOME CASES YOU HAD TO 873 00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:54,560 WEAR A MASK, AT OTHER STAGES A 874 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:56,840 MASK AND FACE SHIELD, SO EXTRA 875 00:35:56,840 --> 00:35:59,080 LAYERS OF PROTECTION, WHEN 876 00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:00,120 MOVING AROUND THE CITY. 877 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:03,520 THERE WAS A BAN ON INDOOR 878 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:04,280 GATHERINGS. 879 00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:08,680 AND MOST URBAN SPACES ARE A 880 00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:09,560 NIGHTTIME CURFEW. 881 00:36:09,560 --> 00:36:10,760 SO, ONE SOCIAL CONTROL STRATEGY, 882 00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:13,160 THIS WAS JUST A WAY TO CUT DOWN 883 00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:15,160 THE PEOPLE, NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN 884 00:36:15,160 --> 00:36:16,600 PUBLIC, WAS TO ALTERNATE DAYS 885 00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:19,680 THAT MEN AND WOMEN COULD GO 886 00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:20,360 OUTSIDE. 887 00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:21,560 IMMEDIATELY, JUST BASED ON 888 00:36:21,560 --> 00:36:22,520 GENDER, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN 889 00:36:22,520 --> 00:36:24,400 THE STREETS SHOULD BE ABOUT HALF 890 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:26,640 THE POPULATION. 891 00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:32,360 I'LL SHOW A VIDEO SUBMITTED FROM 892 00:36:32,360 --> 00:36:33,880 A PERSON TALKING ABOUT WHAT THEY 893 00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:34,360 ARE SEEING. 894 00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:36,680 I'LL PLAY A FEW SECONDS AND TELL 895 00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:39,360 WHAT YOU SHE'S SAYING. 896 00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:45,360 897 00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:45,680 898 00:36:45,680 --> 00:36:56,200 [SPEAKING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE] 899 00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:06,640 900 00:37:06,640 --> 00:37:12,680 901 00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:14,360 902 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:15,520 >>SHE'S TALKING ABOUT THE 903 00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:16,360 IMMENSE LINE. 904 00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:17,480 IT'S SATURDAY, THE DAY ONLY 905 00:37:17,480 --> 00:37:19,560 WOMEN ARE ALLOWED TO GO OUT, ALL 906 00:37:19,560 --> 00:37:21,400 THE WOMEN ARE LINED UP OUTSIDE 907 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:23,800 OF A BRAND OF SUPER MARKET, SO 908 00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:25,440 THEY ARE ALL SNAKING THROUGH THE 909 00:37:25,440 --> 00:37:32,360 PARKING LOT, WAITING TO GET IN. 910 00:37:32,360 --> 00:37:33,360 SHE ESTIMATES A THOUSAND PEOPLE 911 00:37:33,360 --> 00:37:35,760 IN LINE WAITING TO SHOP. 912 00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:37,640 NOW, COMPARE THIS, THIS WAS A 913 00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:39,200 REGULATION PUT IN PLACE, HOW IT 914 00:37:39,200 --> 00:37:40,680 PLAYED OUT ON THE GROUND, BUT 915 00:37:40,680 --> 00:37:42,360 THAT DOESN'T MEAN PEOPLE DIDN'T 916 00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:44,240 MAKE FUN OF IT WHICH THE NEXT 917 00:37:44,240 --> 00:37:45,760 MEME WILL SHOW. 918 00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:49,520 SO, THIS IS A MEME POSTED BY THE 919 00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:52,120 INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT THAT SAYS, 920 00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:54,600 SHOPPING ON MONDAYS, WEDNESDAY, 921 00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:55,080 FRIDAYS. 922 00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:56,920 SHOWS A BUNCH OF MEN RETURNING 923 00:37:56,920 --> 00:38:01,360 FROM THE STORE CARRYING RED 924 00:38:01,360 --> 00:38:03,720 CASES, I'LL TELL WHAT YOU THEY 925 00:38:03,720 --> 00:38:04,200 ARE. 926 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:06,240 THEY ARE CASES OF BEER. 927 00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:08,640 IN PERU, YOU GO TO THE CORNER 928 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:10,600 STORE, BUY A CASE, THE BEER 929 00:38:10,600 --> 00:38:12,480 COMES IN GLASS BOTTLES, YOU 930 00:38:12,480 --> 00:38:14,160 DRINK, AND RETURN THEM TO THE 931 00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:15,800 STORE TO GET RECYCLED. 932 00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:18,920 THE JOKE HERE IS ONE MAKING FUN 933 00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:20,760 OF SOCIAL CONTROLS, ALSO MAKING 934 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:22,880 FUN OF GIVING MEN THREE DAYS A 935 00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:24,160 WEEK TO SHOP SUGGESTING THAT 936 00:38:24,160 --> 00:38:28,000 THEY MIGHT USE THIS TIME PERHAPS 937 00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:32,240 TO JUST BUY BEER AND GO HOME. 938 00:38:32,240 --> 00:38:33,480 ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTOR 939 00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:38,200 TO THE ARCHIVE WAS THE POLITICAL 940 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:41,560 CARTOONIST WHO IS A CARTOONIST 941 00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:46,080 FOR THE LIMA NEWSPAPER, HE HAS 942 00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:46,840 SEVERAL CARTOONS, PANDEMIC 943 00:38:46,840 --> 00:38:48,920 DIARIES, THAT TOUCH ON DIFFERENT 944 00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:51,680 ASPECTS OF THE PANDEMIC. 945 00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:53,200 SOMETIMES HE'S DOCUMENTING THE 946 00:38:53,200 --> 00:38:55,160 INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT SUCH AS 947 00:38:55,160 --> 00:38:57,800 THIS IMAGE HERE, WHICH SHOWS THE 948 00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:01,680 RACE TO CREATE VACCINES, YOU CAN 949 00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:04,360 SEE VACCINES HURLED AT A TARGET. 950 00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:06,200 AND DIFFERENT FLAGS OF COUNTRIES 951 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:09,600 TRYING TO REACH THAT GOAL. 952 00:39:09,600 --> 00:39:11,920 HERE HE'S MAKING LIGHT OF THE 953 00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,120 DELIVERY, SO THE UPTAKE IN 954 00:39:14,120 --> 00:39:15,000 HAVING FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES, 955 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:19,840 SO HE HAS THE TITLE FOR THE 956 00:39:19,840 --> 00:39:22,560 HANSEL AND GRETEL IN COVID 957 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:23,880 TIMES, THEY CAN'T GET IN BECAUSE 958 00:39:23,880 --> 00:39:25,720 THE WITCH IS SAYING ONLY 959 00:39:25,720 --> 00:39:26,000 DELIVERY. 960 00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,480 THEY CAN'T GET INTO THE HOUSE, 961 00:39:28,480 --> 00:39:29,600 CONSEQUENTLY MAYBE IT'S A BETTER 962 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:34,000 OUTCOME FOR HANSEL AN GRETEL, 963 00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:35,920 THANKS TO COVID TIMES. 964 00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:39,200 SOME OF THE IMAGES DOCUMENT REAL 965 00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:40,520 EVENTS HAPPENING, SO EVENTS 966 00:39:40,520 --> 00:39:42,400 SPECIFIC TO PERU. 967 00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:45,640 THIS ONE DOCUMENTS EVENTS OF MAY 968 00:39:45,640 --> 00:39:47,960 15, 2020, WHEN CHILDREN WERE 969 00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:49,480 FINALLY ALLOWED TO GO OUT FOR 970 00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:51,240 THE FIRST TIME SINCE LOCKDOWN 971 00:39:51,240 --> 00:39:51,560 BEGAN. 972 00:39:51,560 --> 00:39:54,200 YOU CAN SEE DAD LETTING KID GO 973 00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:56,200 OUT, CHASING HIM. 974 00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:57,680 AND THEN RESTING AFTER THAT. 975 00:39:57,680 --> 00:39:58,920 THE CAPTION IS SOMETHING LIKE 976 00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:02,920 FIRST DAY KIDS ARE ALLOWED 977 00:40:02,920 --> 00:40:07,560 OUTSIDE, FIRST DAY OF EXERCISE, 978 00:40:07,560 --> 00:40:08,520 COINCIDENCE? 979 00:40:08,520 --> 00:40:10,400 OTHER CARTOONS HE MADE SHOW A 980 00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:13,080 DARKER SIDE OF HUMOR THAT HINT 981 00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:15,840 AT LARGER HEALTH INEQUITIES. 982 00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:18,400 SO, FOR EXAMPLE, THIS IMAGE 983 00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:21,360 READS, THE OXYGEN WILL ARRIVE 984 00:40:21,360 --> 00:40:23,640 ONLY, ONLY IF YOU HAVE A TON OF 985 00:40:23,640 --> 00:40:23,840 MONEY. 986 00:40:23,840 --> 00:40:27,400 YOU CAN SEE YOU'VE GOT A BLACK 987 00:40:27,400 --> 00:40:28,600 MARKET SALESMAN HERE. 988 00:40:28,600 --> 00:40:29,800 TELLING THE OLD MAN, YOU GOT A 989 00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:31,040 TONE OF MONEY? 990 00:40:31,040 --> 00:40:32,320 I CAN HELP YOU. 991 00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:33,840 IF NOT, I CAN'T. 992 00:40:33,840 --> 00:40:36,240 SO THIS IMAGE IS NOT FAR OFF 993 00:40:36,240 --> 00:40:37,760 FROM REALITY. 994 00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:40,600 THE PRICE OF OXYGEN TANKS 995 00:40:40,600 --> 00:40:42,040 SKYROCKETED BECAUSE OF AN OXYGEN 996 00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:44,000 SHORTAGE AND PART OF THIS 997 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:45,400 RELATES TO IT'S DIFFERENT HOW WE 998 00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:48,920 GET OXYGEN FOR HOSPITALS IN THE 999 00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:50,560 U.S. VERSUS PRODUCED IN PERU, 1000 00:40:50,560 --> 00:40:55,400 CRE CREATING A SHORTAGE, THE 1001 00:40:55,400 --> 00:40:56,920 BLACK MARKET PRICE TRIPLED, 1002 00:40:56,920 --> 00:40:59,360 PEOPLE SAYING 1,000% MARKUP ON 1003 00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:00,880 BLACK MARKET OXYGEN TANKS. 1004 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:02,480 I'LL SHARE ANOTHER QUICK VIDEO 1005 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:05,920 THAT HELPS EXPLAIN A LITTLE BIT 1006 00:41:05,920 --> 00:41:07,320 ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AND HOW 1007 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:11,160 THIS INCREASE IN PRICE IS 1008 00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:12,160 AFFECTING FAMILIES TRYING TO 1009 00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:13,520 PURCHASE MEDICAL ITEMS FOR THEIR 1010 00:41:13,520 --> 00:41:17,760 LOVED ONES. 1011 00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:20,400 >>DEMAND FOR OXYGEN IN PERU 1012 00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:22,640 EXCEEDED SUPPLY. 1013 00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:24,760 HOSPITALS RUNNING OUT DURING THE 1014 00:41:24,760 --> 00:41:25,840 COUNTRY'S PUNISHING SECOND COVID 1015 00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:29,560 WAVE, FAMILIES HAVE TO BUY THEIR 1016 00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:29,880 OWN. 1017 00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:31,960 A SINGLE CYLINDER CAN COST UP TO 1018 00:41:31,960 --> 00:41:34,680 $400 ON THE BLACK MARKET. 1019 00:41:34,680 --> 00:41:36,560 LACK OF OXYGEN HELPS MAKE PERU 1020 00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:38,680 THE COUNTRY WITH THE WORLD'S 1021 00:41:38,680 --> 00:41:42,680 HIGHEST DEATH RATE PER CAPITA 1022 00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:43,000 FROM COVID-19. 1023 00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:46,320 THOUSANDS HAVE DIED IN LIMA IN 1024 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:47,400 RECENT MONTHS. 1025 00:41:47,400 --> 00:41:55,040 AND THIS IS WHERE MANY OF THEM 1026 00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:57,920 END UP, A CEMETERY. 1027 00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:03,960 1028 00:42:03,960 --> 00:42:07,280 1029 00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:08,760 HE SPENT MORE THAN $6,000 ON 1030 00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:10,800 OXYGEN TO HELP HIS MOTHER BEFORE 1031 00:42:10,800 --> 00:42:21,160 SHE DIED FROM COVID. 1032 00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:35,440 >>WHY DID THIS HAPPEN? 1033 00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:37,320 WHY IS MEDICAL OXYGEN SO 1034 00:42:37,320 --> 00:42:39,640 EXPENSIVE? 1035 00:42:39,640 --> 00:42:45,120 1036 00:42:45,120 --> 00:42:47,240 WE MET HIM STANDING IN LINE TO 1037 00:42:47,240 --> 00:42:48,480 GET OXYGEN FOR HIS MOTHER ONE 1038 00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:49,720 DAY BEFORE SHE DIED. 1039 00:42:49,720 --> 00:42:52,600 SHE HAD BEEN WAITING SINCE 4 1040 00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:54,680 A.M. 1041 00:42:54,680 --> 00:42:59,520 1042 00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:02,240 THIS PLANT ON THE SOUTHERN 1043 00:43:02,240 --> 00:43:03,040 OUTSKIRTS OFFERS FREE MEDICAL 1044 00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:05,680 OXYGEN TO THOSE WITH A 1045 00:43:05,680 --> 00:43:09,160 PRESCRIPTION, WAIT IS 12 TO 15 1046 00:43:09,160 --> 00:43:09,760 HOURS. 1047 00:43:09,760 --> 00:43:12,920 PEOPLE EAT AND SLEEP IN LINE, 1048 00:43:12,920 --> 00:43:13,760 UNTIL IT'S THEIR TURN. 1049 00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:17,120 THEY ARE ONLY ALLOWED TO FILL 1050 00:43:17,120 --> 00:43:19,000 ONE 10 CUBIC METER CYLINDER 1051 00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:20,880 EVERY 48 HOURS. 1052 00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:23,600 THAT WON'T DO FOR HIS FAMILY. 1053 00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:25,000 THE PATIENT WITH SEVERE COVID-19 1054 00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:27,440 NEEDS UP TO THREE CYLINDERS A 1055 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:31,360 DAY. 1056 00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:33,200 HIS THREE SISTERS HAVE COVID 1057 00:43:33,200 --> 00:43:35,640 TOO, HE'S HAD TO SPEND THOUSANDS 1058 00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:36,800 ON ADDITIONAL CYLINDERS WHEREVER 1059 00:43:36,800 --> 00:43:40,760 HE CAN FIND THEM. 1060 00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:46,560 HE SELLS FURNITURE AND EARNS 1061 00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:48,280 $650 A MONTH, RELYING ON THE 1062 00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:50,920 LAST OF HIS SAVINGS. 1063 00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:51,080 1064 00:43:51,080 --> 00:43:59,040 [SPEAKING SPANISH]. 1065 00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:01,000 >>HE'S SAYING THEY HAVE TAKEN 1066 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:04,360 ADVANTAGE OF THE HEALTH SECTORS, 1067 00:44:04,360 --> 00:44:05,400 BLACK MARKET VENDORS ACTIVITY 1068 00:44:05,400 --> 00:44:08,440 GOING TO PLACES WHERE THE COVID 1069 00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:09,880 OUTBREAK WASN'T AS EXTREME, 1070 00:44:09,880 --> 00:44:11,000 BUYING TANKS, TAKING THEM TO 1071 00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:13,160 AREAS WHERE THE COVID-19 1072 00:44:13,160 --> 00:44:13,920 OUTBREAK WAS MORE INTENSE, 1073 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:15,680 SELLING THOSE TO PEOPLE WHO 1074 00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:17,200 NEEDED THEM. 1075 00:44:17,200 --> 00:44:19,280 AS YOU SAW, ONE OXYGEN TANK A 1076 00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:24,640 DAY IS NOT GOING TO BE 1077 00:44:24,640 --> 00:44:25,880 SUFFICIENT, ONE TANK FOR 48 1078 00:44:25,880 --> 00:44:28,040 HOURS, HAD YOU TO RESORT TO 1079 00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:30,000 OTHER METHODS OF PURCHASING 1080 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,320 NECESSARY MEDICAL SUPPLY IN 1081 00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:34,480 EVENT OF SEVERE COVID. 1082 00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:38,200 I I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT PHYSICAL, 1083 00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:39,840 EMOTIONAL, ECONOMIC TOMORROW OF 1084 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:41,280 BEING RESPONSIBLE TO ACQUIRE 1085 00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:44,560 MEDICAL SUPPLIES AND HOW IT PUT 1086 00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:51,800 PEOPLE LIKE THIS IN A DESPERATE 1087 00:44:51,800 --> 00:44:53,200 AND UNSUSTAINABLE POSITION. 1088 00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:56,360 WHAT DID LIFE LOOK LIKE IN PERU? 1089 00:44:56,360 --> 00:44:58,480 SOME OF THE STRICT SOCIAL 1090 00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:01,320 MANDATES REMAINED IN PLACE. 1091 00:45:01,320 --> 00:45:03,160 THIS IMAGE FROM JUNE 2022 SHOWS 1092 00:45:03,160 --> 00:45:05,560 ENTRANCE TO A MALL, AND THE 1093 00:45:05,560 --> 00:45:07,400 SECURITY CHECK HAPPENING AS YOU 1094 00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:12,240 ENTER THE MALL, SECURITY CHECKS 1095 00:45:12,240 --> 00:45:14,000 ARE COMMON AT SUPERMARKETS, 1096 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:15,520 BANKS, PLACES OF PUBLIC 1097 00:45:15,520 --> 00:45:16,240 BUSINESS. 1098 00:45:16,240 --> 00:45:17,400 ESSENTIALLY WHAT'S HAPPENING IS 1099 00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:20,240 EVERYONE ENTERING THE MALL NEEDS 1100 00:45:20,240 --> 00:45:21,640 TO DEMONSTRATE VERIFICATION THAT 1101 00:45:21,640 --> 00:45:23,720 THEY HAVE BEEN VACCINATED, SO 1102 00:45:23,720 --> 00:45:25,920 YOU HAVE TO SHOW YOUR ID, 1103 00:45:25,920 --> 00:45:27,120 VACCINE CARD, AND THE VACCINE 1104 00:45:27,120 --> 00:45:29,520 CARD HAS TO HAVE MORE THAN JUST 1105 00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:32,120 THE TWO DOSES, IT HAS TO HAVE 1106 00:45:32,120 --> 00:45:35,720 REQUIRED BOOSTERS. 1107 00:45:35,720 --> 00:45:37,840 AT THIS POINT, 2022, WINTER FOR 1108 00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:40,560 THEM, YOU HAD TO HAVE THE THIRD 1109 00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:44,760 BOOSTER, AND THEN YOU ALSO HAVE 1110 00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:48,800 TO HAVE AN N N95 MASK, OR DOUBLE 1111 00:45:48,800 --> 00:45:50,000 MASK, THE SECURITY GUARD IS 1112 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:51,200 CHECKING FOR ALL OF THESE THINGS 1113 00:45:51,200 --> 00:45:54,920 BEFORE YOU CAN GO INTO THE MALL 1114 00:45:54,920 --> 00:45:58,000 AND YOU KEEP YOUR MASK ON 1115 00:45:58,000 --> 00:45:58,640 INSIDE. 1116 00:45:58,640 --> 00:46:03,400 THESE TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL 1117 00:46:03,400 --> 00:46:05,760 EFFORTS ARE BEING UPHELD. 1118 00:46:05,760 --> 00:46:07,520 BUT DESPITE THESE CONTROLS, PERU 1119 00:46:07,520 --> 00:46:11,480 DID NOT FARE VERY WELL DURING 1120 00:46:11,480 --> 00:46:15,800 THE PANDEMIC, ONE OF THE HIGHEST 1121 00:46:15,800 --> 00:46:18,000 DEATH TOLLS PER CAPITA FROM 1122 00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:18,960 COVID-19, BLAMING FOUR FACTORS 1123 00:46:18,960 --> 00:46:19,640 FOR THE FAILURE. 1124 00:46:19,640 --> 00:46:24,040 ONE IS LACK OF TESTS. 1125 00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:25,880 TWO, IRREGULARITY OF QUARANTINE. 1126 00:46:25,880 --> 00:46:30,640 THREE, CROWDED MARKETS AND 1127 00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:30,840 BANKS. 1128 00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:31,880 FOUR, OVERCROWDED HOUSING. 1129 00:46:31,880 --> 00:46:32,880 CONCERNING THE LATTER THREE IT'S 1130 00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:36,400 MORE THAN TO KNOW THAT THE 1131 00:46:36,400 --> 00:46:38,560 ECONOMY DEPENDS ON INFORMAL 1132 00:46:38,560 --> 00:46:40,680 LABOR FORCE, ACCOUNTS FOR 70% OF 1133 00:46:40,680 --> 00:46:41,520 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. 1134 00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:46,360 THIS MEANS THAT OVER HALF THE 1135 00:46:46,360 --> 00:46:47,640 POPULATION IS SUBSISTING ON AN 1136 00:46:47,640 --> 00:46:49,560 ECONOMY THAT FUNCTIONS DAY TO 1137 00:46:49,560 --> 00:46:49,760 DAY. 1138 00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:52,600 MANY PEOPLE FELT PRESSURED OR 1139 00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:55,640 EVEN OBLIGATED TO DISREGARD 1140 00:46:55,640 --> 00:46:57,840 PUBLIC HEALTH ORDERS AND 1141 00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,640 GUIDELINES BECAUSE IT FELT MORE 1142 00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:01,680 IMPORTANT TO SUBSIST 1143 00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:02,040 ECONOMICALLY. 1144 00:47:02,040 --> 00:47:04,080 IF YOU WILL RECALL THE 1145 00:47:04,080 --> 00:47:06,080 DISCUSSION OF THE AMAZONS EARLY, 1146 00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:08,160 YOU MAY IMAGINE SOME FACTORINGS 1147 00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:11,200 THAT CONTRIBUTED TO SUCH A 1148 00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:12,440 DEVASTATING LOSS. 1149 00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:14,400 TOTAL DEATHS, PERU HAD ENORMOUS 1150 00:47:14,400 --> 00:47:17,280 LOSS, AND THIS MEANS THAT THE 1151 00:47:17,280 --> 00:47:18,240 MAJORITY OF PERUVIANS LOST 1152 00:47:18,240 --> 00:47:20,280 SOMEONE CLOSE TO THEM, WHETHER A 1153 00:47:20,280 --> 00:47:21,960 FRIEND OR FAMILY MEMBER. 1154 00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:24,600 THIS HAD HUGE IMPACTS ON HOW 1155 00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:27,000 FUNERALS WERE PRACTICED AND 1156 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:28,240 OBSERVED, HOW PEOPLE GRIEVED AND 1157 00:47:28,240 --> 00:47:33,400 COPED WITH THE LOSS OF LOVED 1158 00:47:33,400 --> 00:47:34,560 ONES. 1159 00:47:34,560 --> 00:47:36,040 SUSPENDED FUNERALS DEVASTATED 1160 00:47:36,040 --> 00:47:36,320 FAMILIES. 1161 00:47:36,320 --> 00:47:39,240 FOR A COUNTRY THAT'S CATHOLIC, 1162 00:47:39,240 --> 00:47:46,400 FUNERAL PRACTICES AND TRADITION 1163 00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:48,280 OF MOURNING AND WAKES ARE 1164 00:47:48,280 --> 00:47:50,240 IMPORTANT, SO THE IDEA OF NOT 1165 00:47:50,240 --> 00:47:53,520 BEING ABLE TO BURY OR PROPERLY 1166 00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:55,760 MOURN A LOVED ONE IS ESSENTIALLY 1167 00:47:55,760 --> 00:47:56,480 UNHEARD OF. 1168 00:47:56,480 --> 00:47:59,200 LIMA'S CHURCH LEADERS TOOK THE 1169 00:47:59,200 --> 00:48:00,520 OPPORTUNITY TO REIMAGINE WHAT 1170 00:48:00,520 --> 00:48:01,720 MOURNING TRADITIONS COULD LOOK 1171 00:48:01,720 --> 00:48:03,680 LIKE WITH COVID-19. 1172 00:48:03,680 --> 00:48:06,960 I'M GOING TO SHOW ONE FROM THE 1173 00:48:06,960 --> 00:48:09,640 CATHEDRAL OF LIMA IN JUNE OF 1174 00:48:09,640 --> 00:48:13,240 2020, WHERE THEY HAD MORE THAN 1175 00:48:13,240 --> 00:48:16,720 5,000 PARISHIONERS IN THE SPACE. 1176 00:48:16,720 --> 00:48:22,720 1177 00:48:22,720 --> 00:48:32,800 1178 00:48:57,920 --> 00:49:02,440 ALL THE PHOTOS, I MENTIONED 1179 00:49:02,440 --> 00:49:03,960 5,000 PARISHIONERS, DECEASED 1180 00:49:03,960 --> 00:49:05,400 PARISHIONERS KNOWN WHOSE IMAGES 1181 00:49:05,400 --> 00:49:11,440 WERE PRINTED TO BE PART OF THE 1182 00:49:11,440 --> 00:49:13,640 FUNERAL SERVICE, MASS FILMED, 1183 00:49:13,640 --> 00:49:14,400 CIRCULATING ONLINE, SYMBOLIZING 1184 00:49:14,400 --> 00:49:17,160 A PATH FORWARD FOR GRIEF AND 1185 00:49:17,160 --> 00:49:18,800 MOURNING AND WAYS PEOPLE AND 1186 00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:20,560 COMMUNITY COULD ADAPT. 1187 00:49:20,560 --> 00:49:22,920 PERUVIANS CAME AROUND TO THE 1188 00:49:22,920 --> 00:49:25,120 IDEA OF VIRTUAL FUNERALS, AND 1189 00:49:25,120 --> 00:49:27,760 USED SPACES LIKE FACEBOOK AND 1190 00:49:27,760 --> 00:49:30,720 WHATSAPP TO CREATE DIGITAL 1191 00:49:30,720 --> 00:49:32,240 WAKES. 1192 00:49:32,240 --> 00:49:35,160 LOSS OF LIFE WAS ENORMOUS AND 1193 00:49:35,160 --> 00:49:36,360 FOR SURVIVORS HAS CHANGED THE 1194 00:49:36,360 --> 00:49:37,640 WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT 1195 00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:39,640 FRIENDSHIP AND FAMILY MEMBERS 1196 00:49:39,640 --> 00:49:42,360 MOVING FORWARD. 1197 00:49:42,360 --> 00:49:43,880 IN THE WORDS, AFTER SO MUCH 1198 00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:46,760 LOSS, I FEEL SO MUCH JOY TO SEE 1199 00:49:46,760 --> 00:49:49,040 MY FRIENDS AND FAMILY, THESE 1200 00:49:49,040 --> 00:49:50,360 MOMENTS TOGETHER HAVE BECOME 1201 00:49:50,360 --> 00:49:53,480 MUCH MORE PRECIOUS AND VALUABLE 1202 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:57,800 TO ME. 1203 00:49:57,800 --> 00:49:59,000 1204 00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:00,320 FINALLY, UNEQUAL ACCESS TO 1205 00:50:00,320 --> 00:50:01,400 HEALTH CARE AND HYGIENE 1206 00:50:01,400 --> 00:50:05,320 RESOURCES LIKE RUNNING WATER OR 1207 00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:07,680 SOAP, FACE MASKS, HIGHLIGHT VAST 1208 00:50:07,680 --> 00:50:08,760 HEALTH INEQUITIES. 1209 00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:13,040 THIS EXISTS IN THE AMAZONS AND 1210 00:50:13,040 --> 00:50:15,600 URBAN CENTERS LIKE LIMA WHERE 1211 00:50:15,600 --> 00:50:17,760 THERE ARE CLASS DIVISIONS 1212 00:50:17,760 --> 00:50:21,040 BETWEEN WEALTHY AND IMPOVERISHED 1213 00:50:21,040 --> 00:50:21,920 SECTORS. 1214 00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:22,520 WEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS, SHOWN 1215 00:50:22,520 --> 00:50:26,520 HERE, THE EDGE OF THE OCEAN, 1216 00:50:26,520 --> 00:50:27,280 RESIDENTS LIVE MORE COMFORTABLY, 1217 00:50:27,280 --> 00:50:29,800 DON'T WORRY ABOUT RUNNING WATER, 1218 00:50:29,800 --> 00:50:32,760 THEY HAVE HAND SANITIZER, STEADY 1219 00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:34,880 INCOME PROVIDED NORMALLY BY WORK 1220 00:50:34,880 --> 00:50:39,240 FROM HOME ARRANGEMENTS. 1221 00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:43,280 IN THE EXTREMES OF THE CITY 1222 00:50:43,280 --> 00:50:45,280 THERE ARE MASKS, POPULATIONS 1223 00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:47,320 HOUSED IN INFORMAL HOUSING, 1224 00:50:47,320 --> 00:50:48,840 OFTEN WITHOUT SEWER SYSTEM, 1225 00:50:48,840 --> 00:50:50,200 SOMETIMES ELECTRICITY, USUALLY 1226 00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:54,440 WATER IS NOT GUARANTEED TO EVERY 1227 00:50:54,440 --> 00:50:56,280 RESIDENT, MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO 1228 00:50:56,280 --> 00:50:58,080 NAVIGATE THROUGH A PUBLIC HEALTH 1229 00:50:58,080 --> 00:51:00,840 CRISIS. 1230 00:51:00,840 --> 00:51:03,200 RESIDENTS LIVING IN THE NORTHERN 1231 00:51:03,200 --> 00:51:05,440 AND SOUTHERN COLUMN TESTIFY THEY 1232 00:51:05,440 --> 00:51:07,160 DIDN'T HAVE RUNNING WATER OR 1233 00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:15,960 SOME WERE SCRUBBING HANDS WITH 1234 00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:18,920 LAUNDRY DETERGENT, MANY LOST 1235 00:51:18,920 --> 00:51:21,600 INCOME AND FACED FOOD SCARCITY. 1236 00:51:21,600 --> 00:51:23,400 ONE TREND THAT HAS CONTINUED 1237 00:51:23,400 --> 00:51:27,320 BECAUSE OF INFLATION IS COOKING 1238 00:51:27,320 --> 00:51:28,400 MEALS IN THE COMMUNE, COMMON 1239 00:51:28,400 --> 00:51:28,720 POT. 1240 00:51:28,720 --> 00:51:39,240 THIS IS A PRACTICE POPULAR IN 1241 00:51:39,240 --> 00:51:40,760 THE 1980s, WHERE NEIGHBORS ADD 1242 00:51:40,760 --> 00:51:42,720 TO THE POT, MAKING A SEMBLANCE 1243 00:51:42,720 --> 00:51:45,560 OF THE STEW EVERYONE CAN EAT. 1244 00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:54,800 SO WHILE THERE ARE MANY SEG 1245 00:51:54,800 --> 00:51:59,720 SEGUES, I WANT TO CONCLUDE, 1246 00:51:59,720 --> 00:52:02,320 INSPIRING RICH PUBLIC HISTORY 1247 00:52:02,320 --> 00:52:03,320 PROJECTS WORLDWIDE. 1248 00:52:03,320 --> 00:52:04,320 DATA COLLECTION THOUGHTS VARIED. 1249 00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:10,560 IN THE CASE OF JAPY WE BUILT 1250 00:52:10,560 --> 00:52:21,120 COLLECTIONS AROUND THE CONGRESS 1251 00:52:25,040 --> 00:52:26,760 GLOM-- CONGLOMERATE. 1252 00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:28,400 TO BETTER UNDERSTAND, HISTORIANS 1253 00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:31,320 NEEDED TO USE DIGITAL HUMANITIES 1254 00:52:31,320 --> 00:52:34,080 TO CAPTURE THE WIDER HISTORICAL 1255 00:52:34,080 --> 00:52:43,920 AND CULTURAL MOMENT. 1256 00:52:43,920 --> 00:52:44,360 THANK YOU. 1257 00:52:44,360 --> 00:52:47,920 >>THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE 1258 00:52:47,920 --> 00:52:48,520 GREAT PRESENTATION. 1259 00:52:48,520 --> 00:52:50,720 CAN YOU HEAR ME OKAY? 1260 00:52:50,720 --> 00:52:51,880 EXCELLENT. 1261 00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:52,120 WONDERFUL. 1262 00:52:52,120 --> 00:52:54,240 THANK YOU VERY, VERY MUCH. 1263 00:52:54,240 --> 00:52:58,720 IT WAS A THOUGHT PROVOKING 1264 00:52:58,720 --> 00:53:00,280 PRESENTATION WITH THE DIGITAL 1265 00:53:00,280 --> 00:53:01,600 ASSETS YOU SHOWED US. 1266 00:53:01,600 --> 00:53:02,680 THANK YOU. 1267 00:53:02,680 --> 00:53:06,200 WE'RE GOING TO MOVE INTO Q&A. 1268 00:53:06,200 --> 00:53:07,440 I'LL REMIND THOSE WATCHING TO 1269 00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:09,040 LOOK FOR THE "LIVE FEEDBACK" 1270 00:53:09,040 --> 00:53:10,760 BUTTON AND USE THAT TO SEND 1271 00:53:10,760 --> 00:53:13,880 QUESTIONS TO ME, WHICH I'LL HAVE 1272 00:53:13,880 --> 00:53:18,320 THE PRIVILEGE OF ASKING THIS 1273 00:53:18,320 --> 00:53:18,600 AFTERNOON. 1274 00:53:18,600 --> 00:53:22,920 A COUPLE QUESTIONS HAVE COME IN, 1275 00:53:22,920 --> 00:53:24,920 QUITE SIMILAR, I CONSOLIDATED A 1276 00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:26,760 FEW OF THEM. 1277 00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:29,080 THEY SPEAK TO YOUR SOURCE 1278 00:53:29,080 --> 00:53:31,480 MATERIAL, HOW YOU USE THAT 1279 00:53:31,480 --> 00:53:35,040 MATERIAL IN BIG PICTURE THINKING 1280 00:53:35,040 --> 00:53:36,400 ABOUT THE FUTURE, ACTUALLY. 1281 00:53:36,400 --> 00:53:38,400 THE FIRST QUESTION IS YOU SPOKE 1282 00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:40,440 ABOUT HOW HISTORIANS ARE 1283 00:53:40,440 --> 00:53:42,840 LIMITED, NOT BY THE QUESTIONS 1284 00:53:42,840 --> 00:53:48,040 THEY ASK BUT BY THE SOURCES THEY 1285 00:53:48,040 --> 00:53:48,320 CAN CONSULT. 1286 00:53:48,320 --> 00:53:49,320 HOW WILL HISTORIANS OF THE 1287 00:53:49,320 --> 00:53:50,960 FUTURE SORT THROUGH THE VAST 1288 00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:53,400 VOLUME OF SOURCE MATERIAL 1289 00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:55,800 ASSOCIATED WITH THE COVID 1290 00:53:55,800 --> 00:54:01,720 PANDEMIC LIKE THE MATERIAL YOU 1291 00:54:01,720 --> 00:54:01,960 SHARED? 1292 00:54:01,960 --> 00:54:03,360 A RELATED QUESTION, HOW WILL 1293 00:54:03,360 --> 00:54:05,760 THIS MATERIAL BE PRESERVED FOR 1294 00:54:05,760 --> 00:54:08,000 FUTURE HISTORIANS TO STUDY, OR 1295 00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:09,680 INDIVIDUALS OF OTHER 1296 00:54:09,680 --> 00:54:10,920 DISCIPLINES? 1297 00:54:10,920 --> 00:54:14,720 >>YEAH, THOSE ARE TWO GREAT 1298 00:54:14,720 --> 00:54:16,240 QUESTIONS. 1299 00:54:16,240 --> 00:54:18,640 IN TERMS OF MAKING SENSE OF 1300 00:54:18,640 --> 00:54:20,200 SOURCE MATERIAL IT DEPENDS ON 1301 00:54:20,200 --> 00:54:21,920 WHEN DO YOU ARCHIVAL RESEARCH, 1302 00:54:21,920 --> 00:54:23,120 RESEARCH DEPENDS ON THE 1303 00:54:23,120 --> 00:54:26,000 ARCHIVIST AND HOW MUCH WORK THE 1304 00:54:26,000 --> 00:54:27,720 ARCHIVIST PUT INTO CATEGORIZING 1305 00:54:27,720 --> 00:54:31,600 AND ORGANIZING THE MATERIALS 1306 00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:32,240 THEY HAVE. 1307 00:54:32,240 --> 00:54:36,000 IF NOT IN TUNE TO YOUR RESEARCH 1308 00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:37,160 QUESTION THEY HAVE STUCK 1309 00:54:37,160 --> 00:54:39,120 EVERYTHING IN A FOLDER, THAT CAN 1310 00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:42,080 BE TRUE WITH DIGITAL FOLDERS AS 1311 00:54:42,080 --> 00:54:42,520 WELL. 1312 00:54:42,520 --> 00:54:44,720 WITH JAPY WE HAVE A RICH SYSTEM 1313 00:54:44,720 --> 00:54:46,040 OF METADATA THAT BUILDS ON WHAT 1314 00:54:46,040 --> 00:54:47,760 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS USES AND 1315 00:54:47,760 --> 00:54:52,680 GETS MORE AND MORE SPECIFIC. 1316 00:54:52,680 --> 00:54:55,200 SO WE FIRST BROAD PICTURE 1317 00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:56,440 CATEGORIZE THINGS LIKE 1318 00:54:56,440 --> 00:54:57,880 NEIGHBORHOODS, NATIONAL NEWS, SO 1319 00:54:57,880 --> 00:55:01,000 THAT'S A STARTING POINT. 1320 00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:03,960 BUT THEN WE HAVE TAGS AND 1321 00:55:03,960 --> 00:55:08,640 CONTRIBUTORS TAGS THAT ZOOM IN 1322 00:55:08,640 --> 00:55:10,520 ON ISSUES, SO FOR WHOEVER 1323 00:55:10,520 --> 00:55:12,040 CONTRIBUTES THE ITEM WAS ALLOWED 1324 00:55:12,040 --> 00:55:16,200 TO SUGGEST THEIR OWN TAGS, MIGHT 1325 00:55:16,200 --> 00:55:17,080 HAVE SUGGESTED SANITIZER, 1326 00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:18,200 INEQUITY, INDIGENOUS, WHATEVER 1327 00:55:18,200 --> 00:55:19,840 THAT WAS, WE KEEP THAT TAG AND 1328 00:55:19,840 --> 00:55:21,920 THAT TAG IS LINKED TO ANY OTHER 1329 00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:23,080 STORY WITH THOSE TAGS. 1330 00:55:23,080 --> 00:55:25,400 THAT'S ONE WAY TO GET 1331 00:55:25,400 --> 00:55:26,680 SPECIFICALLY BY TERM TO THE 1332 00:55:26,680 --> 00:55:30,560 STORY YOU'RE LOOKING FOR. 1333 00:55:30,560 --> 00:55:32,080 AND THE CURATORS, LARGELY 1334 00:55:32,080 --> 00:55:33,320 UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE 1335 00:55:33,320 --> 00:55:35,080 STUDENT AT ASU, ALSO AROUND THE 1336 00:55:35,080 --> 00:55:36,120 WORLD, WOULD ALSO COME THROUGH 1337 00:55:36,120 --> 00:55:39,560 AND TAG WITH THINGS THEY FOUND 1338 00:55:39,560 --> 00:55:42,760 IMPORTANT, WHETHER IT'S VACCINE, 1339 00:55:42,760 --> 00:55:44,360 MASK, WHATEVER RELATES TO THE 1340 00:55:44,360 --> 00:55:44,760 STORY. 1341 00:55:44,760 --> 00:55:48,520 METADATA IN A WAY BECOMES HUGELY 1342 00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:50,360 IMPORTANT, CREATING THE PATH 1343 00:55:50,360 --> 00:55:51,560 INTO THE ARCHIVE. 1344 00:55:51,560 --> 00:55:53,320 WITHOUT IT, THERE'S NO WAY TO 1345 00:55:53,320 --> 00:55:55,280 MAKE SENSE OF WHAT'S IN THE 1346 00:55:55,280 --> 00:55:56,000 ARCHIVE. 1347 00:55:56,000 --> 00:55:59,080 AND THE WAY WE ORGANIZE IT IS 1348 00:55:59,080 --> 00:56:00,880 DIFFERENT FROM THE WAY SAN 1349 00:56:00,880 --> 00:56:03,600 MARCOS FROM THEIR ARCHIVE WHICH 1350 00:56:03,600 --> 00:56:05,880 HAS THREE CATEGORIES, AND THEN 1351 00:56:05,880 --> 00:56:07,200 WITHIN THAT FOCUS ON VIOLENCE 1352 00:56:07,200 --> 00:56:09,520 AND FOCUS ON SOME OTHER ASPECTS 1353 00:56:09,520 --> 00:56:13,560 SUCH AS PEOPLE AND STUDENTS 1354 00:56:13,560 --> 00:56:16,960 ASSOCIATED WITH UNIVERSITY 1355 00:56:16,960 --> 00:56:17,520 ITSELF. 1356 00:56:17,520 --> 00:56:19,480 IT DEPENDS ON THE RESEARCH, GOOD 1357 00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:21,120 PRACTICE TO UNDERSTAND THE 1358 00:56:21,120 --> 00:56:22,120 LIMITATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION 1359 00:56:22,120 --> 00:56:23,320 SYSTEM YOU'RE WORKING WITH AND 1360 00:56:23,320 --> 00:56:26,920 TRY TO GET AROUND IT, NEVER 1361 00:56:26,920 --> 00:56:28,240 ASSUME JUST BECAUSE YOU -- 1362 00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:29,240 WHETHER IT'S PHYSICALLY OR 1363 00:56:29,240 --> 00:56:31,520 DIGITALLY, IF YOU TYPE IN USUAL 1364 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:32,920 KEY WORDS AND NOTHING POPS UP 1365 00:56:32,920 --> 00:56:34,480 THAT DOESN'T MEAN IT'S NOT 1366 00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:37,320 THERE, IT MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY 1367 00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:37,960 VISIBLE. 1368 00:56:37,960 --> 00:56:40,080 IN TERMS OF PRESERVATION, THIS 1369 00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:42,760 IS A HUGE CONCERNING, A HUGE 1370 00:56:42,760 --> 00:56:47,280 PROBLEM WITH DIGITAL HUMANITIES 1371 00:56:47,280 --> 00:56:49,240 PROJECT, THERE ARE OVER 6,000 1372 00:56:49,240 --> 00:56:49,960 CROWD SOURCED COVID ARCHIVES 1373 00:56:49,960 --> 00:56:52,120 THAT GOT OFF THE GROUND, HOW 1374 00:56:52,120 --> 00:56:54,320 MANY WILL BE AROUND IN FIVE TO 1375 00:56:54,320 --> 00:56:55,760 TEN TO FIFTY YEARS DEPENDS ON 1376 00:56:55,760 --> 00:56:57,400 THAT TEAM AND THE STEPS THEY 1377 00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:00,000 TAKE NOW TO PRESERVE THE 1378 00:57:00,000 --> 00:57:00,440 PROJECT. 1379 00:57:00,440 --> 00:57:04,920 IN THE CASE OF JAPY WE'RE 1380 00:57:04,920 --> 00:57:07,880 WORKING TO ARCHIVE WITH ASU TO 1381 00:57:07,880 --> 00:57:08,560 BE AROUND. 1382 00:57:08,560 --> 00:57:10,640 WHEN I'M WORKING WITH ARCHIVES 1383 00:57:10,640 --> 00:57:13,360 SUCH AS ARCHIVE IN PERU I'M 1384 00:57:13,360 --> 00:57:14,320 SCREEN SHOTTING EVERYTHING I 1385 00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:15,560 FIND IMPORTANT FOR MYSELF 1386 00:57:15,560 --> 00:57:16,960 BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO EVER BE 1387 00:57:16,960 --> 00:57:18,920 IN A POSITION WHERE I'M COMING 1388 00:57:18,920 --> 00:57:20,280 BACK TO THE ARCHIVE AND 1389 00:57:20,280 --> 00:57:21,360 SOMETHING'S HAPPENED, IT'S NOT 1390 00:57:21,360 --> 00:57:23,760 THERE, IT'S BEEN ERASE THE FROM 1391 00:57:23,760 --> 00:57:25,600 THE DIGITAL SPACE, IMPORTANT TO 1392 00:57:25,600 --> 00:57:27,600 KNOW THAT DIGITAL MATERIALS CAN 1393 00:57:27,600 --> 00:57:29,440 BE EPHEMERAL AND DISAPPEAR SO WE 1394 00:57:29,440 --> 00:57:30,880 HAVE TO TREAT THEM CAREFULLY AS 1395 00:57:30,880 --> 00:57:33,400 WELL. 1396 00:57:33,400 --> 00:57:34,800 >>THANK YOU. 1397 00:57:34,800 --> 00:57:37,000 I'LL ADD TO THAT, AS THE 1398 00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:39,640 INTERVIEW WE DID WITH YOU ON OUR 1399 00:57:39,640 --> 00:57:42,480 BLOG CIRCULATING NOW MENTIONED 1400 00:57:42,480 --> 00:57:47,280 AT ITS CONCLUSION, YOUR 1401 00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:53,400 COLLECTING INITIATIVE IS AMONG 1402 00:57:53,400 --> 00:57:59,880 MANY USING THE INTERNET ARCHIVE 1403 00:57:59,880 --> 00:58:01,720 TOOL, RECENTLY LAUNCHED A 1404 00:58:01,720 --> 00:58:03,480 COVID-19 WEB ARCHIVE WHICH BY 1405 00:58:03,480 --> 00:58:06,240 EXTENSION YOUR PROJECT IS A 1406 00:58:06,240 --> 00:58:06,520 PART. 1407 00:58:06,520 --> 00:58:10,160 PERHAPS ALSO REDUNDANCY THAT'S 1408 00:58:10,160 --> 00:58:11,240 AT PLAY, REALLY THE 1409 00:58:11,240 --> 00:58:14,000 COLLABORATION AMONG AND BETWEEN 1410 00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:16,080 ORGANIZATIONS WILL PRESERVE 1411 00:58:16,080 --> 00:58:17,680 THESE RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE 1412 00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:22,720 ALONG THE LINES YOU RIGHTLY 1413 00:58:22,720 --> 00:58:24,720 DESCRIBE AS WELL. 1414 00:58:24,720 --> 00:58:28,320 ARE THESE ARCHIVES USED BY THE 1415 00:58:28,320 --> 00:58:29,160 COMMUNITIES WHOSE STORIES ARE 1416 00:58:29,160 --> 00:58:31,040 BEING TOLD? 1417 00:58:31,040 --> 00:58:32,680 IS THERE A GENERATIONAL 1418 00:58:32,680 --> 00:58:33,360 DIMENSION? 1419 00:58:33,360 --> 00:58:36,000 DO PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS WANT 1420 00:58:36,000 --> 00:58:37,840 TO TELL STORIES FOR FUTURE 1421 00:58:37,840 --> 00:58:38,160 GENERATIONS? 1422 00:58:38,160 --> 00:58:40,240 AND WHAT ARE SOME LESSONS FROM 1423 00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:49,560 COVID TO PREPARE US FOR THE NEXT 1424 00:58:49,560 --> 00:58:51,280 PANDEMIC? 1425 00:58:51,280 --> 00:58:54,280 >>SO, I THINK WE HAVEN'T 1426 00:58:54,280 --> 00:58:56,040 SEEN -- WE'VE SEEN SOME K-12 1427 00:58:56,040 --> 00:58:58,200 CLASSROOMS USING THE MATERIALS 1428 00:58:58,200 --> 00:58:59,000 FOR LIMITED TEACHING SEGMENTS 1429 00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:01,160 BUT I THINK IT WILL TAKE TIME 1430 00:59:01,160 --> 00:59:02,280 FOR PEOPLE TO WANT TO RETURN TO 1431 00:59:02,280 --> 00:59:03,880 THIS AS A MOMENT TO LEARN FROM. 1432 00:59:03,880 --> 00:59:06,400 ESPECIALLY IN THE U.S. CASE, 1433 00:59:06,400 --> 00:59:08,480 WE'RE STILL IN STAGE OF PANDEMIC 1434 00:59:08,480 --> 00:59:09,520 FATIGUE SO WE'RE NOT INTERESTED 1435 00:59:09,520 --> 00:59:11,920 IN TALKING ABOUT THE PANDEMIC, 1436 00:59:11,920 --> 00:59:14,520 LEARNING LESSONS, WE'RE 1437 00:59:14,520 --> 00:59:16,320 INTERESTED IN MOVING ON, GOING 1438 00:59:16,320 --> 00:59:17,640 BACK TO WHATEVER SEMBLANCE OF 1439 00:59:17,640 --> 00:59:21,160 LIFE IS AS NORMAL AS POSSIBLE. 1440 00:59:21,160 --> 00:59:25,680 WITH OLDER ADULTS, THOSE AGED 1441 00:59:25,680 --> 00:59:27,120 OVER 60, THERE'S A DIGITAL 1442 00:59:27,120 --> 00:59:29,320 DIFFERENT, WE DIDN'T SEE AS MANY 1443 00:59:29,320 --> 00:59:31,600 OLDER ADULTS CONTRIBUTING TO 1444 00:59:31,600 --> 00:59:33,040 JAPY, AND THE INITIATIVE SOME 1445 00:59:33,040 --> 00:59:35,120 STUDENTS WORKING ON THE ARCHIVE 1446 00:59:35,120 --> 00:59:37,640 ADDRESSED OR CLASSES ASSOCIATED 1447 00:59:37,640 --> 00:59:39,280 WITH THE ARCHIVE CREATED SPECIAL 1448 00:59:39,280 --> 00:59:40,360 ORAL HISTORY PROJECTS TO 1449 00:59:40,360 --> 00:59:43,200 INTERVIEW PEOPLE AND CAPTURE 1450 00:59:43,200 --> 00:59:43,680 STORIES. 1451 00:59:43,680 --> 00:59:46,400 I THINK ONE CHALLENGE WITH THAT 1452 00:59:46,400 --> 00:59:48,040 MANY PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED ORAL 1453 00:59:48,040 --> 00:59:50,440 HISTORYS DIDN'T THINK THEIR 1454 00:59:50,440 --> 00:59:51,400 HISTORY WAS WORTH PRESERVING, 1455 00:59:51,400 --> 00:59:53,720 JUST AS TRUE WITH OLDER ADULTS. 1456 00:59:53,720 --> 01:00:00,320 WE HAVE A MOTHERHOOD COLLECTION, 1457 01:00:00,320 --> 01:00:01,920 WOMEN SAID HOW IS THIS MORNING, 1458 01:00:01,920 --> 01:00:03,360 THERE'S A PANDEMIC, WHY IS MY 1459 01:00:03,360 --> 01:00:05,640 EXPERIENCE AT HOME WITH MY KIDS 1460 01:00:05,640 --> 01:00:09,160 IMPORTANT AND WHY DOES THAT NEED 1461 01:00:09,160 --> 01:00:11,960 TO BE PRESERVED? 1462 01:00:11,960 --> 01:00:14,600 IT'S IMPORTANT THAT EVERYDAY 1463 01:00:14,600 --> 01:00:16,680 STORIES FROM PEOPLE GIVE US A 1464 01:00:16,680 --> 01:00:18,320 BETTER REPRESENTATION OF WHAT 1465 01:00:18,320 --> 01:00:20,200 LIFE WAS LIKE, JUST AS GREAT TO 1466 01:00:20,200 --> 01:00:21,320 SEE WHAT'S HAPPENING AT NATIONAL 1467 01:00:21,320 --> 01:00:22,280 LEVEL WE WANT TO SEE WHAT'S 1468 01:00:22,280 --> 01:00:23,880 HAPPENING ON THE GROUND TOO. 1469 01:00:23,880 --> 01:00:25,280 THIS LED TO ORGANIC AND 1470 01:00:25,280 --> 01:00:27,000 INTERESTING COLLECTIONS IN THE 1471 01:00:27,000 --> 01:00:30,440 ARCHIVE SUCH AS MENTAL HEALTH 1472 01:00:30,440 --> 01:00:32,280 COLLECTION, WHICH AFTER I WOULD 1473 01:00:32,280 --> 01:00:34,520 SAY FIRST EIGHT MONTHS OF THE 1474 01:00:34,520 --> 01:00:36,320 PANDEMIC WE SAW MANY MORE 1475 01:00:36,320 --> 01:00:37,680 CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL 1476 01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:38,960 HEALTH, BECAUSE PEOPLE WERE 1477 01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:40,280 ACKNOWLEDGING AND WANTING TO 1478 01:00:40,280 --> 01:00:41,960 TALK ABOUT ANXIETY AND THE 1479 01:00:41,960 --> 01:00:47,120 STRUGGLE THAT THE PANDEMIC WAS 1480 01:00:47,120 --> 01:00:48,400 CAUSING IN THEIR LIVES. 1481 01:00:48,400 --> 01:00:50,200 THERE WAS ONE MORE PART TO THE 1482 01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:50,560 QUESTION. 1483 01:00:50,560 --> 01:00:53,960 WHAT WAS IT? 1484 01:00:53,960 --> 01:01:02,280 1485 01:01:02,280 --> 01:01:03,040 >>DO PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS 1486 01:01:03,040 --> 01:01:05,000 WANT TO TELL STORIES FOR FUTURE 1487 01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:05,600 GENERATIONS? 1488 01:01:05,600 --> 01:01:08,200 PERHAPS YOU COULD UNPACK. 1489 01:01:08,200 --> 01:01:11,920 DID YOU FIND THERE ARE 1490 01:01:11,920 --> 01:01:12,480 INTERGENERATIONAL STORIES, 1491 01:01:12,480 --> 01:01:16,360 INTERGENERATIONAL INTERACTIONS 1492 01:01:16,360 --> 01:01:17,400 IN THE ARCHIVE? 1493 01:01:17,400 --> 01:01:18,960 >>SO, WE HAD SOME TRACING OF 1494 01:01:18,960 --> 01:01:20,600 WHO IS CONTRIBUTING TO THE 1495 01:01:20,600 --> 01:01:20,840 ARCHIVE. 1496 01:01:20,840 --> 01:01:23,320 I DON'T KNOW THAT WE'VE AN ABLE 1497 01:01:23,320 --> 01:01:28,800 TO IDENTIFY MUST BE PEOPLE FROM 1498 01:01:28,800 --> 01:01:30,360 FAMILY CONTRIBUTING, A 1499 01:01:30,360 --> 01:01:32,440 FASCINATING PROJECT TO TRAP. 1500 01:01:32,440 --> 01:01:36,120 IN TERMS OF GRANDPARENTS, 1501 01:01:36,120 --> 01:01:37,760 WANTING TO CONTRIBUTE, I THINK 1502 01:01:37,760 --> 01:01:39,960 THEY WERE WILLING TO PARTICIPATE 1503 01:01:39,960 --> 01:01:40,360 IN ORAL HISTORIES. 1504 01:01:40,360 --> 01:01:44,440 I DON'T THINK WE HAD ORGANICALLY 1505 01:01:44,440 --> 01:01:47,520 AS MEAN PEOPLE OVER 60 COMING, 1506 01:01:47,520 --> 01:01:49,480 IT WAS A STUDENT AFFILIATED 1507 01:01:49,480 --> 01:01:50,560 ASKING THEM TO PARTICIPATE, 1508 01:01:50,560 --> 01:01:53,680 SAYING WE NEED TO PRESERVE THIS 1509 01:01:53,680 --> 01:01:55,800 EXPERIENCE FOR FUTURE 1510 01:01:55,800 --> 01:01:56,360 GENERATIONS. 1511 01:01:56,360 --> 01:01:57,440 >>THANK YOU. 1512 01:01:57,440 --> 01:01:59,760 SOMEONE'S WRITTEN IN TO REMIND 1513 01:01:59,760 --> 01:02:02,280 ME THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES OF 1514 01:02:02,280 --> 01:02:04,240 COURSE ARE -- REPRESENT A 1515 01:02:04,240 --> 01:02:06,080 METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS THAT CAN 1516 01:02:06,080 --> 01:02:09,400 IN FACT AND DO PRESERVE STORIES 1517 01:02:09,400 --> 01:02:11,480 THAT WOULD OTHERWISE NOT BE 1518 01:02:11,480 --> 01:02:15,400 RECORDED OR NOT REALLY 1519 01:02:15,400 --> 01:02:16,120 ACCESSIBLE THROUGH TRADITIONAL 1520 01:02:16,120 --> 01:02:20,120 ANALOG VIDEO SO OF COURSE THAT'S 1521 01:02:20,120 --> 01:02:23,160 ONE OF THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF 1522 01:02:23,160 --> 01:02:24,800 THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES. 1523 01:02:24,800 --> 01:02:25,840 I APPRECIATE THE PERSON 1524 01:02:25,840 --> 01:02:27,880 REMINDING ME OF THAT. 1525 01:02:27,880 --> 01:02:30,040 SOMEONE ELSE WROTE THANK YOU FOR 1526 01:02:30,040 --> 01:02:30,840 THE FASCINATING PRESENTATION, I 1527 01:02:30,840 --> 01:02:32,680 LEARNED A LOT ABOUT LIFE IN PERU 1528 01:02:32,680 --> 01:02:34,440 IN THE LAST FEW YEARS. 1529 01:02:34,440 --> 01:02:36,200 ARE OTHER SCHOLARS OF LATIN 1530 01:02:36,200 --> 01:02:38,040 AMERICA LOOKING AT NEIGHBORING 1531 01:02:38,040 --> 01:02:40,360 COUNTRIES IN SIMILAR WAYS, THAT 1532 01:02:40,360 --> 01:02:43,520 IS, THROUGH DIGITAL RESOURCES OR 1533 01:02:43,520 --> 01:02:46,040 THROUGH YOUR ARCHIVE, IS THIS 1534 01:02:46,040 --> 01:02:48,880 LOOKING AT DIGITAL SOURCE ALSO A 1535 01:02:48,880 --> 01:02:50,200 COMMON PRACTICE AMONG LATIN 1536 01:02:50,200 --> 01:02:51,840 AMERICAN SCHOLARS OR WAS IT 1537 01:02:51,840 --> 01:02:54,360 PREVALENT BEFORE COVID AND HOW 1538 01:02:54,360 --> 01:02:58,000 DID COVID ACCELERATE IT, IF 1539 01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:00,280 THAT'S THE CASE. 1540 01:03:00,280 --> 01:03:02,240 >>YEAH, BOTH. 1541 01:03:02,240 --> 01:03:05,120 THERE ARE ALREADY EXISTING 1542 01:03:05,120 --> 01:03:06,760 STRONG HUBS ASSOCIATED LARGELY 1543 01:03:06,760 --> 01:03:07,840 WITH UNIVERSITIES AND MUSEUMS, 1544 01:03:07,840 --> 01:03:09,840 DOING DIGITAL HISTORY WORK AND 1545 01:03:09,840 --> 01:03:11,440 PRIORITIZING THIS TYPE OF WORK. 1546 01:03:11,440 --> 01:03:13,320 THERE'S A GREAT CONFERENCE IN 1547 01:03:13,320 --> 01:03:16,080 MEXICO CITY EVERY YEAR, THAT'S 1548 01:03:16,080 --> 01:03:16,920 FOCUSED ON DIGITAL HUMANITIES, 1549 01:03:16,920 --> 01:03:18,360 THERE ARE UNIVERSITIES THERE 1550 01:03:18,360 --> 01:03:20,000 WHERE PEOPLE ARE ACTIVELY TUNED 1551 01:03:20,000 --> 01:03:22,200 TO THINKING ABOUT DIGITAL 1552 01:03:22,200 --> 01:03:22,480 PROJECTS. 1553 01:03:22,480 --> 01:03:25,000 AND COVID ARCHIVES, OF COURSE 1554 01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:29,560 THAT POPPED UP IN MEXICO. 1555 01:03:29,560 --> 01:03:31,040 COLOMBIA IS A GREAT HUB, 1556 01:03:31,040 --> 01:03:33,600 STUDENTS AND SCHOLARS WORKING ON 1557 01:03:33,600 --> 01:03:34,720 DIGITAL HUMANITIES. 1558 01:03:34,720 --> 01:03:38,080 AGAIN, CHILE HAD A GREAT CORPUS 1559 01:03:38,080 --> 01:03:42,840 OF PEOPLE WORKING ON IT. 1560 01:03:42,840 --> 01:03:46,240 IN THE JAPY ARCHIVE THE OTHER 1561 01:03:46,240 --> 01:03:48,440 FROM CENTRAL AMERICA WAS COSTA 1562 01:03:48,440 --> 01:03:50,600 RICA, IT'S FASCINATING, A SERIES 1563 01:03:50,600 --> 01:03:57,160 OF LONGITUDINAL ORAL HISTORIES 1564 01:03:57,160 --> 01:03:57,880 CONDUCTED, INTERVIEWED 12 1565 01:03:57,880 --> 01:03:59,480 PEOPLE, THREE TIMES, AT THE 1566 01:03:59,480 --> 01:04:01,200 BEGINNING OF THE PANDEMIC, 2021, 1567 01:04:01,200 --> 01:04:03,080 HAS GONE BACK IN 2022, TO FOLLOW 1568 01:04:03,080 --> 01:04:05,040 UP AND SEE HOW THE EXPERIENCE 1569 01:04:05,040 --> 01:04:05,520 HAS CHANGED. 1570 01:04:05,520 --> 01:04:08,000 THERE'S A LOT OF DIVERSE 1571 01:04:08,000 --> 01:04:09,000 REPRESENTATION, BUT IT WOULD 1572 01:04:09,000 --> 01:04:10,840 ALSO TAKE SOME MORE CRAWLING OF 1573 01:04:10,840 --> 01:04:12,960 THE WEB TO SEE WHAT'S HAPPENED 1574 01:04:12,960 --> 01:04:16,560 SINCE COVID STARTED AND WHAT 1575 01:04:16,560 --> 01:04:17,240 PROJECTS PEOPLE CREATED. 1576 01:04:17,240 --> 01:04:19,040 >>THANK YOU. 1577 01:04:19,040 --> 01:04:20,760 YOU JUST MENTIONED MUSEUMS. 1578 01:04:20,760 --> 01:04:22,480 THERE'S A QUESTION THAT'S COME 1579 01:04:22,480 --> 01:04:23,800 IN ABOUT MUSEUMS. 1580 01:04:23,800 --> 01:04:27,160 DO YOU SEE MUSEUMS WORKING TO 1581 01:04:27,160 --> 01:04:31,560 INCLUDE THESE SOURCES IN CURRENT 1582 01:04:31,560 --> 01:04:33,320 OR FUTURE EXHIBITIONS? 1583 01:04:33,320 --> 01:04:36,000 >>GREAT QUESTION. 1584 01:04:36,000 --> 01:04:40,000 SO, HERE AT JAPY AT ASU WE 1585 01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:41,320 CREATED A TRAVELING EXHIBIT, ONE 1586 01:04:41,320 --> 01:04:42,120 FOCUSED ON ARIZONA PANDEMIC 1587 01:04:42,120 --> 01:04:44,000 STORIES, THAT WENT TO THE 1588 01:04:44,000 --> 01:04:45,200 ARIZONA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 1589 01:04:45,200 --> 01:04:48,360 WE ALSO CREATED A LARGER EXHIBIT 1590 01:04:48,360 --> 01:04:49,360 THAT TOUCHED ON VARIOUS THEMES 1591 01:04:49,360 --> 01:04:52,040 THAT WE SAW IN THE ARCHIVE AS A 1592 01:04:52,040 --> 01:04:53,640 WHOLE, NOT ANY ONE SPECIFIC 1593 01:04:53,640 --> 01:04:55,600 COLLECTION, AND THAT EXHIBIT HAS 1594 01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:57,120 GONE TO LOS ANGELES, AND WE'RE 1595 01:04:57,120 --> 01:05:00,520 HOPING TO LET IT GO AND TOUR 1596 01:05:00,520 --> 01:05:03,160 WITH SOME PARTNER INSTITUTIONS, 1597 01:05:03,160 --> 01:05:04,920 INCLUDING MUSEUMS, BUT, YEAH, I 1598 01:05:04,920 --> 01:05:07,960 THINK MUSEUMS AT A CERTAIN POINT 1599 01:05:07,960 --> 01:05:10,680 WANT TO INCLUDE COVID AS PART OF 1600 01:05:10,680 --> 01:05:11,560 AN EXHIBIT, THINKING ABOUT 1601 01:05:11,560 --> 01:05:12,960 HEALTH AND HISTORY AND HOW TO 1602 01:05:12,960 --> 01:05:16,600 PRENT -- PRESENT TO THE PUBLIC, 1603 01:05:16,600 --> 01:05:18,480 A GREAT SOURCE OF STORIES TO 1604 01:05:18,480 --> 01:05:18,680 SHARE. 1605 01:05:18,680 --> 01:05:19,360 >>THANK YOU. 1606 01:05:19,360 --> 01:05:20,160 THAT'S GREAT. 1607 01:05:20,160 --> 01:05:24,080 SOUNDS LIKE A GREAT EXHIBITION. 1608 01:05:24,080 --> 01:05:26,160 ANOTHER QUESTION CAME IN. 1609 01:05:26,160 --> 01:05:27,560 CAN YOU DISCUSS DIFFERENCE 1610 01:05:27,560 --> 01:05:31,520 BETWEEN THE USE OF THE DIGITAL 1611 01:05:31,520 --> 01:05:34,360 RESOURCES BY PUBLIC HISTORIANS, 1612 01:05:34,360 --> 01:05:37,920 VERSUS MORE ACADEMIC HISTORIANS, 1613 01:05:37,920 --> 01:05:39,960 IS THERE A DIFFERENCE? 1614 01:05:39,960 --> 01:05:43,960 IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN HOW 1615 01:05:43,960 --> 01:05:46,560 SOURCES ARE BEING USED? 1616 01:05:46,560 --> 01:05:47,960 >>ONE THING THAT'S CHALLENGING 1617 01:05:47,960 --> 01:05:51,440 IS HOW RECENT THIS MATERIAL IS. 1618 01:05:51,440 --> 01:05:53,080 TRADITIONAL ACADEMIC HISTORIANS 1619 01:05:53,080 --> 01:05:56,280 WILL LOOK AT SOURCES FROM 2020, 1620 01:05:56,280 --> 01:05:58,160 2021, 2022, AND JUST SAY, THAT'S 1621 01:05:58,160 --> 01:06:00,200 NOT HISTORY. 1622 01:06:00,200 --> 01:06:01,440 HISTORY IS WHAT HAPPENED AT 1623 01:06:01,440 --> 01:06:03,360 LEAST TEN YEARS AGO, WHATEVER 1624 01:06:03,360 --> 01:06:04,640 THE CLEAN THRESHOLD IS. 1625 01:06:04,640 --> 01:06:07,360 WE NEED TIME AND SPACE TO THINK 1626 01:06:07,360 --> 01:06:09,520 AND REFLECT AND REALLY MAKE 1627 01:06:09,520 --> 01:06:12,920 SENSE OF THE PAST, BECAUSE SPACE 1628 01:06:12,920 --> 01:06:18,520 DOES GIVE US AN ADVANTAGE OUT 1629 01:06:18,520 --> 01:06:18,880 VIEWPOINT. 1630 01:06:18,880 --> 01:06:20,720 PUBLIC HISTORIAN, THE GOAL IS WE 1631 01:06:20,720 --> 01:06:22,160 WANT TO SHOW PEOPLE HOW WE'RE 1632 01:06:22,160 --> 01:06:25,120 USING AND THINKING ABOUT THE 1633 01:06:25,120 --> 01:06:26,000 MATERIALS SUBMITTED, AND VALUE 1634 01:06:26,000 --> 01:06:27,840 OF THEIR STORIES AND THAT WE ARE 1635 01:06:27,840 --> 01:06:29,480 KIND OF TRYING TO GET THESE 1636 01:06:29,480 --> 01:06:31,360 MATERIALS BACK INTO THE PUBLIC, 1637 01:06:31,360 --> 01:06:33,880 SO ONE WAY OF DOING THAT IS 1638 01:06:33,880 --> 01:06:37,360 THROUGH THE MUSEUM EXHIBIT, 1639 01:06:37,360 --> 01:06:39,560 THROUGH THIS TALK, MY CHALLENGE 1640 01:06:39,560 --> 01:06:41,640 TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO GET AN 1641 01:06:41,640 --> 01:06:43,080 AUDIENCE IN PERU, THANK YOU FOR 1642 01:06:43,080 --> 01:06:44,720 YOUR STORIES, HERE IS A PRODUCT 1643 01:06:44,720 --> 01:06:46,680 THAT'S TANGIBLE THAT YOU CAN 1644 01:06:46,680 --> 01:06:48,200 SEE, NOT JUST AN ARTICLE BUT 1645 01:06:48,200 --> 01:06:49,200 SOMETHING PEOPLE CAN ENGAGE WITH 1646 01:06:49,200 --> 01:06:50,640 AND THINK ABOUT AND LEARN FROM 1647 01:06:50,640 --> 01:06:54,200 IN A MEANINGFUL WAY. 1648 01:06:54,200 --> 01:06:57,200 I WANT IT TO BE SOMETHING, 1649 01:06:57,200 --> 01:06:58,600 THAT'S WHAT PUBLIC HISTORIANS 1650 01:06:58,600 --> 01:07:00,680 WORKO SOMETHING THE PUBLIC WANTS 1651 01:07:00,680 --> 01:07:02,760 TO ENGAGE WITH, NOT AN ARTICLE, 1652 01:07:02,760 --> 01:07:04,640 IT'S GOT TO BE SOME OTHER 1653 01:07:04,640 --> 01:07:08,520 FORMAT. 1654 01:07:08,520 --> 01:07:10,080 >>THANK YOU. 1655 01:07:10,080 --> 01:07:13,520 IT WILL BE YOUR POINT ABOUT THAT 1656 01:07:13,520 --> 01:07:17,800 LINE, IS IT FIVE YEARS AGO, IS 1657 01:07:17,800 --> 01:07:19,720 IT TEN YEARS AGO? 1658 01:07:19,720 --> 01:07:22,080 FOR MOST HISTORIANS, AS YOU 1659 01:07:22,080 --> 01:07:27,840 RIGHTLY SAID, TOO SOON. 1660 01:07:27,840 --> 01:07:30,440 HOWEVER, THE QUESTION REMAINS 1661 01:07:30,440 --> 01:07:33,320 THAT THE SHEER VOLUME OF THE 1662 01:07:33,320 --> 01:07:39,000 MATERIAL THAT THE DIGITAL AGE IS 1663 01:07:39,000 --> 01:07:43,080 PRESENTING WILL INEVITABLY, THAT 1664 01:07:43,080 --> 01:07:45,800 WILL BE THE SOURCE FOR FUTURE 1665 01:07:45,800 --> 01:07:47,320 HISTORIANS, HOW FUTURE 1666 01:07:47,320 --> 01:07:50,280 HISTORIANS WILL GRAPPLE WITH THE 1667 01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:53,760 ACCESS TO THE MATERIAL THAT'S 1668 01:07:53,760 --> 01:07:55,760 PRESERVED, IS A VERY COMPLEX 1669 01:07:55,760 --> 01:07:57,800 QUESTION WHICH YOU ADDRESSED 1670 01:07:57,800 --> 01:07:59,360 EARLIER OF COURSE. 1671 01:07:59,360 --> 01:08:02,840 ANOTHER QUESTION HAS COME COME 1672 01:08:02,840 --> 01:08:04,200 IN ABOUT CHALLENGES OF RECORDING 1673 01:08:04,200 --> 01:08:07,280 HISTORY WHEN YOU DON'T KNOW THE 1674 01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:07,560 OUTCOME. 1675 01:08:07,560 --> 01:08:08,440 HISTORY IN PROGRESS. 1676 01:08:08,440 --> 01:08:12,680 IF YOU KNOW YOU'RE IN A HISTORIC 1677 01:08:12,680 --> 01:08:15,520 MOMENT THAT IS PROGRESSING AND 1678 01:08:15,520 --> 01:08:16,880 MOVING FORWARD RAPIDLY. 1679 01:08:16,880 --> 01:08:24,720 THE PLAGUE YEAR BECOMES PLAGUE 1680 01:08:24,720 --> 01:08:32,160 YEARS, SPEAK TO THE CURRENCY OF 1681 01:08:32,160 --> 01:08:33,240 THE HISTORY YOU'RE CAPTURING SAY 1682 01:08:33,240 --> 01:08:39,720 MORE ABOUT THAT BECAUSE IT'S 1683 01:08:39,720 --> 01:08:41,560 FASCINATING. 1684 01:08:41,560 --> 01:08:43,960 >>ONE THING WE STRUGGLED WITH 1685 01:08:43,960 --> 01:08:45,040 WERE SILENCES, KNOWING WE'RE 1686 01:08:45,040 --> 01:08:47,160 ACTIVELY COLLECTING AROUND AN 1687 01:08:47,160 --> 01:08:49,120 IMPORTANT HISTORICAL MOMENT, AND 1688 01:08:49,120 --> 01:08:51,760 THAT EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE 20,000 1689 01:08:51,760 --> 01:08:54,360 ITEMS AND COLLECTED SO MANY 1690 01:08:54,360 --> 01:08:55,520 DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES, THERE'S 1691 01:08:55,520 --> 01:08:56,800 STILL GROUPS OF PEOPLE THAT ARE 1692 01:08:56,800 --> 01:09:00,960 LARGELY LEFT OUT FROM THE 1693 01:09:00,960 --> 01:09:01,160 ARCHIVE. 1694 01:09:01,160 --> 01:09:03,360 INITIALLY, I WANTED I THINK TO 1695 01:09:03,360 --> 01:09:06,120 FILL ALL THE SILENCES, NOT 1696 01:09:06,120 --> 01:09:06,840 UNDERSTANDING THAT'S AN 1697 01:09:06,840 --> 01:09:07,520 IMPOSSIBLE TASK. 1698 01:09:07,520 --> 01:09:08,640 THE BEST THING IN OUR APPROACH 1699 01:09:08,640 --> 01:09:10,200 TO THE PROJECT WAS FOR EVERYONE 1700 01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:11,440 TO BRING THEIR STRENGTHS AND 1701 01:09:11,440 --> 01:09:13,080 PERSPECTIVES ON WHAT THEY WANTED 1702 01:09:13,080 --> 01:09:14,640 TO FOCUS ON. 1703 01:09:14,640 --> 01:09:18,120 FOR ME I THOUGHT OF COLLECTING 1704 01:09:18,120 --> 01:09:19,880 AN ELECTRIC GRID, EVERYTHING IS 1705 01:09:19,880 --> 01:09:21,880 INTERSECTED AND COLLECTING BUT 1706 01:09:21,880 --> 01:09:24,360 GOING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS. 1707 01:09:24,360 --> 01:09:27,200 SO HUMOR WAS AN AREA TO FOCUS 1708 01:09:27,200 --> 01:09:28,080 ON, HEALTH INEQUITIES, AND THEN 1709 01:09:28,080 --> 01:09:30,520 I REALLY WANTED TO MAKE SURE I 1710 01:09:30,520 --> 01:09:31,800 GOT ORAL HISTORIES TO TRY AND 1711 01:09:31,800 --> 01:09:33,160 GET PEOPLE TO TELL ME ABOUT WHAT 1712 01:09:33,160 --> 01:09:35,560 THE PANDEMIC WAS LIKE FOR THEM. 1713 01:09:35,560 --> 01:09:37,960 SO IT MEANS THAT IT WAS EVEN 1714 01:09:37,960 --> 01:09:39,600 EXCITING TO GO THROUGH THE SAN 1715 01:09:39,600 --> 01:09:42,240 MARCOS ARCHIVE TO SEE WHAT THEY 1716 01:09:42,240 --> 01:09:43,640 COLLECTED, HOW THEY -- DIFFERENT 1717 01:09:43,640 --> 01:09:45,400 ITEMS THEY PICKED UP, THAT I HAD 1718 01:09:45,400 --> 01:09:47,040 NEVER SEEN BEFORE, SO IT'S 1719 01:09:47,040 --> 01:09:48,040 USEFUL IN THAT WAY TO SEE THERE 1720 01:09:48,040 --> 01:09:52,000 ARE SO MANY WAYS TO THINK ABOUT 1721 01:09:52,000 --> 01:09:53,440 MATERIALS, FOR JAPY AND I'M SURE 1722 01:09:53,440 --> 01:09:54,440 OTHER PROJECTS WE THOUGHT IT WAS 1723 01:09:54,440 --> 01:09:57,680 GOING TO BE A SEMESTER-LONG 1724 01:09:57,680 --> 01:09:57,920 PROJECT. 1725 01:09:57,920 --> 01:09:59,560 WE, LIKE MANY, THOUGHT LOCKDOWN 1726 01:09:59,560 --> 01:10:02,280 WAS GOING TO DO ITS JOB, AND WE 1727 01:10:02,280 --> 01:10:05,880 WOULD BE BACK TO NORMAL MUCH 1728 01:10:05,880 --> 01:10:07,160 MORE QUICKLY. 1729 01:10:07,160 --> 01:10:08,480 SO JOURNAL THE PLAGUE YEARS, 1730 01:10:08,480 --> 01:10:10,680 IT'S EVOLVED FROM WHAT WAS ONCE 1731 01:10:10,680 --> 01:10:11,880 A RAPID RESPONSE ARCHIVE 1732 01:10:11,880 --> 01:10:13,320 DOCUMENTING A FINITE MOMENT TO 1733 01:10:13,320 --> 01:10:15,280 SOMETHING THAT CONTINUES TO MOVE 1734 01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:17,480 ALONG SO WE CALL OURSELVES A 1735 01:10:17,480 --> 01:10:17,920 ROLLING ARCHIVE NOW. 1736 01:10:17,920 --> 01:10:18,800 WE'RE NOT RAPID. 1737 01:10:18,800 --> 01:10:21,040 WE'RE ROLLING WITH THE CHANGES. 1738 01:10:21,040 --> 01:10:23,600 WE'RE TRYING TO FOLLOW HOW THE 1739 01:10:23,600 --> 01:10:25,160 PANDEMIC STORY SHIFTS, AND THAT 1740 01:10:25,160 --> 01:10:29,120 SHIFTS THE WAY WE COLLECT. 1741 01:10:29,120 --> 01:10:30,080 IT'S ALSO REFLECTING PEOPLE ON 1742 01:10:30,080 --> 01:10:32,280 THE TEAM THAT THINK SOME OF THE 1743 01:10:32,280 --> 01:10:33,080 MOST INTERESTING PANDEMIC 1744 01:10:33,080 --> 01:10:36,440 STORIES ARE WHAT HAPPENS NOW. 1745 01:10:36,440 --> 01:10:38,640 SO NOW WE'VE GOTTEN THROUGH THE 1746 01:10:38,640 --> 01:10:41,360 MOST PERHAPS DEVASTATING PART OF 1747 01:10:41,360 --> 01:10:44,400 COVID, WHAT DOES LOOK LIFE, HOW 1748 01:10:44,400 --> 01:10:46,640 ARE PEOPLE'S LIVES IMPACTED, TEN 1749 01:10:46,640 --> 01:10:48,280 YEARS WHERE WILL PEOPLE BE. 1750 01:10:48,280 --> 01:10:58,360 WE'RE HOPING TO KEEP A 1751 01:10:58,360 --> 01:10:59,240 LONGITUDINAL FOCUS, SEEING WHERE 1752 01:10:59,240 --> 01:11:03,760 PEOPLE ARE NOW AND HOW THINGS 1753 01:11:03,760 --> 01:11:09,720 HAVE CHANGED FOR THEM. 1754 01:11:09,720 --> 01:11:12,600 >>YOU HAVE MENTIONED EARLIER 1755 01:11:12,600 --> 01:11:17,400 THE FEELING NOW, UNDERSTANDABLE, 1756 01:11:17,400 --> 01:11:21,920 ABOUT MOVING ON, MOVING FORWARD, 1757 01:11:21,920 --> 01:11:22,600 REMEMBERING PERHAPS ALSO 1758 01:11:22,600 --> 01:11:25,320 FORGETTING AND JUST MOVING ON. 1759 01:11:25,320 --> 01:11:28,400 OF COURSE, THAT'S THE CONTOURS 1760 01:11:28,400 --> 01:11:31,640 OF THAT ARE QUITE SIMILAR. 1761 01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:34,480 WE SEE IN HISTORIES, 1918, 1762 01:11:34,480 --> 01:11:35,000 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC. 1763 01:11:35,000 --> 01:11:39,440 CAN YOU SAY A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 1764 01:11:39,440 --> 01:11:41,520 COMPARISONS WITH PREVIOUS 1765 01:11:41,520 --> 01:11:44,680 PANDEMICS OR HOW YOU'RE THINKING 1766 01:11:44,680 --> 01:11:46,640 ABOUT THE WORK YOU DID WAS 1767 01:11:46,640 --> 01:11:49,160 INFORMED BY WHAT WE KNOW OR 1768 01:11:49,160 --> 01:11:55,000 DON'T KNOW, THE SILENCES OF 1769 01:11:55,000 --> 01:11:56,320 OTHER PANDEMICS. 1770 01:11:56,320 --> 01:11:57,520 >>YEAH, THE 1918 PANDEMIC IS 1771 01:11:57,520 --> 01:12:00,560 THE FIRST ONE THAT COMES TO 1772 01:12:00,560 --> 01:12:00,760 MIND. 1773 01:12:00,760 --> 01:12:01,840 ONE, SEEN WITH SOCIAL MEDIA, 1774 01:12:01,840 --> 01:12:03,280 THAT YOU CAN SEE HOW PEOPLE 1775 01:12:03,280 --> 01:12:04,600 RESPOND TO THINGS. 1776 01:12:04,600 --> 01:12:07,320 SO, I WAS LOOKING AT MATERIALS 1777 01:12:07,320 --> 01:12:08,200 FOR 1918 INFLUENZA AND 1778 01:12:08,200 --> 01:12:09,960 NEWSPAPERS A FEW WEEKS AGO, AND 1779 01:12:09,960 --> 01:12:12,720 THERE WERE ALL KINDS OF REMEDIES 1780 01:12:12,720 --> 01:12:13,920 AND CONCOCTIONS YOU COULD TRY. 1781 01:12:13,920 --> 01:12:15,680 THIS IS A SEGMENT I DIDN'T GET 1782 01:12:15,680 --> 01:12:18,120 TO IN THIS TALK, HOME REMEDIES 1783 01:12:18,120 --> 01:12:19,960 PEOPLE TRY OUT TO STAVE OFF 1784 01:12:19,960 --> 01:12:21,920 COVID, ANOTHER BIG TEAM IN THE 1785 01:12:21,920 --> 01:12:22,160 ARCHIVE. 1786 01:12:22,160 --> 01:12:25,240 THERE WAS A NEWSPAPER CLIPPING 1787 01:12:25,240 --> 01:12:26,120 RECOMMENDING THINGS, ONE WAS TO 1788 01:12:26,120 --> 01:12:28,240 TAKE ALCOHOL AND DAB IT ON EACH 1789 01:12:28,240 --> 01:12:29,520 SIDE OF YOUR NOSE. 1790 01:12:29,520 --> 01:12:30,880 AND YOU READ THIS IN THE 1791 01:12:30,880 --> 01:12:33,960 NEWSPAPER AND I'M JUST DYING TO 1792 01:12:33,960 --> 01:12:35,840 KNOW LIKE WHAT DID PEOPLE THINK 1793 01:12:35,840 --> 01:12:37,880 WHEN THEY READ THAT, DID THEY 1794 01:12:37,880 --> 01:12:41,160 THINK THIS WAS SOUND ADVICE OR 1795 01:12:41,160 --> 01:12:41,720 NOT? 1796 01:12:41,720 --> 01:12:42,920 SO WITH THE DIGITAL CROWD SOURCE 1797 01:12:42,920 --> 01:12:44,320 COLLECTING YOU CAN SEE MORE OF 1798 01:12:44,320 --> 01:12:47,160 THE RESPONSE, PEOPLE THINK IT'S 1799 01:12:47,160 --> 01:12:48,920 HOCUS-POCUS OR IF THEY THINK 1800 01:12:48,920 --> 01:12:51,240 MAYBE THERE'S SOMETHING TO THIS. 1801 01:12:51,240 --> 01:12:52,480 IN TERMS OF SILENCES, ONE HUGE 1802 01:12:52,480 --> 01:12:56,240 DIFFERENCE IS WE WERE ABLE TO 1803 01:12:56,240 --> 01:12:56,960 COLLECT AROUND CHILDREN, FOR 1804 01:12:56,960 --> 01:12:57,960 1918 INFLUENZA YOU DON'T HAVE 1805 01:12:57,960 --> 01:12:59,960 GOOD DATA WHAT IT WAS LIKE FOR 1806 01:12:59,960 --> 01:13:01,080 CHILDREN, WHAT CHILDREN FELT, 1807 01:13:01,080 --> 01:13:04,240 WE'VE GOT A TON OF ORAL 1808 01:13:04,240 --> 01:13:07,520 HISTORIES, EVEN JUST SUBMISSIONS 1809 01:13:07,520 --> 01:13:08,680 FROM MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN, 1810 01:13:08,680 --> 01:13:10,400 INSTRUCTORS MADE IT A PART OF 1811 01:13:10,400 --> 01:13:11,840 WEEKLY ASSIGNMENT TO SUBMIT A 1812 01:13:11,840 --> 01:13:12,680 PLAGUE JOURNAL, TELLING WHAT YOU 1813 01:13:12,680 --> 01:13:14,040 THEY ARE FEELING. 1814 01:13:14,040 --> 01:13:16,960 RICHNESS OF THOSE SOURCES 1815 01:13:16,960 --> 01:13:21,440 VARIES, SOMETIMES IT'S JUST 1816 01:13:21,440 --> 01:13:22,160 SARCASTIC SENTENCE, SOMETIMES 1817 01:13:22,160 --> 01:13:24,920 SOMEONE HAS MORE TO SAY. 1818 01:13:24,920 --> 01:13:25,920 HAVING THESE PERSPECTIVES, EVEN 1819 01:13:25,920 --> 01:13:27,480 THOSE OF MOTHERS, ARE DIFFERENT 1820 01:13:27,480 --> 01:13:29,000 WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT WHO 1821 01:13:29,000 --> 01:13:31,680 ARCHIVES ARE FOR AND WHO THEY 1822 01:13:31,680 --> 01:13:37,080 REPRESENT. 1823 01:13:37,080 --> 01:13:39,040 >>SO THESE ARE QUESTIONS 1824 01:13:39,040 --> 01:13:43,640 EMANATING FROM ME. 1825 01:13:43,640 --> 01:13:46,400 ONE OF THE MANY PECULIAR ASPECTS 1826 01:13:46,400 --> 01:13:51,360 OF THE 1918 PANDEMIC HISTORY IS 1827 01:13:51,360 --> 01:13:55,920 TRYING TO IDENTIFY AND SURFACE 1828 01:13:55,920 --> 01:13:57,000 WHERE CONTEMPORARIES EXPRESS 1829 01:13:57,000 --> 01:14:00,320 THEIR AWARENESS THEY WERE GOING 1830 01:14:00,320 --> 01:14:01,600 THROUGH HISTORIC EVENT, DURING 1831 01:14:01,600 --> 01:14:03,320 ANOTHER HISTORIC TIME WHICH OF 1832 01:14:03,320 --> 01:14:06,240 COURSE WAS WORLD WAR I. 1833 01:14:06,240 --> 01:14:08,880 CAN YOU SPEAK TO HOW YOU SAW IN 1834 01:14:08,880 --> 01:14:12,400 THE SOURCE MATERIALS THAT YOU 1835 01:14:12,400 --> 01:14:15,640 COLLECTED ANY AWARENESS OF THE 1836 01:14:15,640 --> 01:14:19,480 HISTORIC NATURE OF THE EVENTS, 1837 01:14:19,480 --> 01:14:20,360 WHETHER IT'S PROFOUNDLY 1838 01:14:20,360 --> 01:14:22,320 HISTORIC, FROM A LOCAL 1839 01:14:22,320 --> 01:14:22,840 PERSPECTIVE AND FAMILY 1840 01:14:22,840 --> 01:14:24,840 PERSPECTIVE OR FROM A LARGER 1841 01:14:24,840 --> 01:14:26,080 COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE, AND THEN 1842 01:14:26,080 --> 01:14:28,560 THE OTHER ASPECT IS TO WHAT 1843 01:14:28,560 --> 01:14:31,080 EXTENT DOES THE MATERIAL SPEAK 1844 01:14:31,080 --> 01:14:32,080 DIRECTLY TO MEMORIALIZATION, 1845 01:14:32,080 --> 01:14:34,360 THAT WE NEED TO REMEMBER THIS 1846 01:14:34,360 --> 01:14:37,120 ERA, NEED TO REMEMBER WHAT'S 1847 01:14:37,120 --> 01:14:39,280 HAPPENED TO OUR FAMILY, OUR 1848 01:14:39,280 --> 01:14:40,600 NEIGHBORHOOD, OUR COMMUNITY, AND 1849 01:14:40,600 --> 01:14:42,360 I'M ASKING THIS QUESTION MINDFUL 1850 01:14:42,360 --> 01:14:45,000 OF WHAT YOU SAID SO VERY WELL 1851 01:14:45,000 --> 01:14:47,160 THAT MANY PEOPLE SAY WHY DOES MY 1852 01:14:47,160 --> 01:14:50,560 STORY MATTER, SO I DON'T WANT TO 1853 01:14:50,560 --> 01:14:52,960 PROJECT TOO MUCH HERE BUT I'M 1854 01:14:52,960 --> 01:14:57,000 CURIOUS ABOUT ASPECTS OF 1855 01:14:57,000 --> 01:14:58,680 MEMORIALIZATION IN THE MATERIAL 1856 01:14:58,680 --> 01:15:01,320 THAT YOU COLLECTED, WHETHER IT 1857 01:15:01,320 --> 01:15:02,720 WAS EXPLICIT OR IMPLICIT, 1858 01:15:02,720 --> 01:15:05,320 BECAUSE AS YOU WELL KNOW AS A 1859 01:15:05,320 --> 01:15:08,280 FELLOW HISTORIAN WE THINK ABOUT 1860 01:15:08,280 --> 01:15:10,360 THESE SUBJECTS IN SO MANY WAYS. 1861 01:15:10,360 --> 01:15:13,640 WE ALSO THINK ABOUT HOW THOSE 1862 01:15:13,640 --> 01:15:15,160 WHO LIVED THROUGH THEM WERE 1863 01:15:15,160 --> 01:15:17,400 AWARE OF WHAT THEY WERE LIVING 1864 01:15:17,400 --> 01:15:19,440 THROUGH AND HOW THEY PERHAPS 1865 01:15:19,440 --> 01:15:21,760 ATTEMPTED TO MEMORIALIZE THOSE 1866 01:15:21,760 --> 01:15:24,400 MOMENTS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 1867 01:15:24,400 --> 01:15:26,280 OR JUST TO COPE WITH THEM AS 1868 01:15:26,280 --> 01:15:31,160 THEY WERE UNFOLDING. 1869 01:15:31,160 --> 01:15:31,440 >>YEAH. 1870 01:15:31,440 --> 01:15:35,840 SO A LOT TO THINK ABOUT. 1871 01:15:35,840 --> 01:15:36,960 >>YES. 1872 01:15:36,960 --> 01:15:38,280 >>IN TERMS OF COGNIZANCE OF 1873 01:15:38,280 --> 01:15:41,960 BEING IN AN IMPORTANT HISTORICAL 1874 01:15:41,960 --> 01:15:43,760 MOMENT, ESPECIALLY IN THE FIRST 1875 01:15:43,760 --> 01:15:45,360 SUBMISSIONS TO THE ARCHIVE 1876 01:15:45,360 --> 01:15:48,480 THERE'S ALARM, AWARENESS. 1877 01:15:48,480 --> 01:15:50,520 YOU ALL PROBABLY REMEMBER 1878 01:15:50,520 --> 01:15:51,400 HOARDING AT SUPERMARKETS, A LOT 1879 01:15:51,400 --> 01:15:55,280 OF EARLY SUBMISSIONS ARE PHOTOS 1880 01:15:55,280 --> 01:15:59,440 OF EMPTY SUPERMARKET SHELVES, 1881 01:15:59,440 --> 01:16:03,280 AND EMPTY CITIES, SO ONCE 1882 01:16:03,280 --> 01:16:05,080 BUSTLING PLACES, AN EMPTY CITY 1883 01:16:05,080 --> 01:16:07,200 STREET IN LIMA, UNUSUAL. 1884 01:16:07,200 --> 01:16:09,520 PEOPLE'S REACTION TO THIS 1885 01:16:09,520 --> 01:16:11,640 FEELING OF SILENCE, GOING IN 1886 01:16:11,640 --> 01:16:15,320 PUBLIC SPACES, SO MUCH QUIETER. 1887 01:16:15,320 --> 01:16:17,560 FEWER AIRPLANES FLYING OVERHEAD, 1888 01:16:17,560 --> 01:16:19,840 LESS TRAFFIC, JUST REFLECTION OF 1889 01:16:19,840 --> 01:16:22,720 THE WAY THAT FEAR WAS DRIVING 1890 01:16:22,720 --> 01:16:24,880 DIFFERENT WAYS PEOPLE CONSUMED 1891 01:16:24,880 --> 01:16:30,720 BUT ALSO THINGS WERE QUIETER AND 1892 01:16:30,720 --> 01:16:31,720 SLOWER. 1893 01:16:31,720 --> 01:16:32,360 SHUTDOWNS, LOCKDOWN, HAVING TO 1894 01:16:32,360 --> 01:16:34,560 WORK FROM HOME, SCHOOL ONLINE, 1895 01:16:34,560 --> 01:16:38,480 ANOTHER MOMENT PEOPLE THOUGHT 1896 01:16:38,480 --> 01:16:40,120 THIS WAS DIFFERENT, BEING IN 1897 01:16:40,120 --> 01:16:43,400 MARCH 2020, THERE ARE SO MANY 1898 01:16:43,400 --> 01:16:44,600 STUDENTS AND TEACHERS WHO WENT 1899 01:16:44,600 --> 01:16:46,480 HOME FOR SPRING BREAK AND NEVER 1900 01:16:46,480 --> 01:16:47,120 CAME BACK. 1901 01:16:47,120 --> 01:16:49,320 THEY NEVER SAW THEIR CLASSROOM 1902 01:16:49,320 --> 01:16:50,160 AGAIN. 1903 01:16:50,160 --> 01:16:51,400 THAT'S REALLY JARRING FOR 1904 01:16:51,400 --> 01:16:55,000 PEOPLE. 1905 01:16:55,000 --> 01:16:56,560 INITIAL SUBMISSIONS ARE HOPEFUL 1906 01:16:56,560 --> 01:16:58,040 ZOOM CLASSROOMS WOULD GO AWAY 1907 01:16:58,040 --> 01:17:00,800 BUT THEY HANG IN AND LAST LONGER 1908 01:17:00,800 --> 01:17:01,360 THAN EXPECTED. 1909 01:17:01,360 --> 01:17:05,080 SO THESE CHANGES AND THE FATIGUE 1910 01:17:05,080 --> 01:17:08,360 WITH ZOOM CLASSROOMS ARE THEMES 1911 01:17:08,360 --> 01:17:10,080 IN THE ARCHIVE. 1912 01:17:10,080 --> 01:17:13,680 MEMORIALIZATION, WE DID END UP 1913 01:17:13,680 --> 01:17:15,240 CREATING A WHOLE COLLECTION TO 1914 01:17:15,240 --> 01:17:18,200 TAG AND SEPARATE STORIES DEALING 1915 01:17:18,200 --> 01:17:22,160 WITH MOURNING AND MOTT JUST 1916 01:17:22,160 --> 01:17:24,560 F ROM -- NOT JUST FROM COVID, 1917 01:17:24,560 --> 01:17:25,760 PEOPLE TALK ABOUT LOSING SOMEONE 1918 01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:27,720 TO COVID BUT THERE ARE ALSO 1919 01:17:27,720 --> 01:17:29,160 STORIES WHO TALK ABOUT OTHER 1920 01:17:29,160 --> 01:17:31,800 COSTS OF COVID, THE OTHER HEALTH 1921 01:17:31,800 --> 01:17:34,000 COST, WHICH IS THOSE PEOPLE WHO 1922 01:17:34,000 --> 01:17:35,840 COULDN'T GET THE REGULAR MEDICAL 1923 01:17:35,840 --> 01:17:38,160 ATTENTION THEY WANTED OR NEEDED 1924 01:17:38,160 --> 01:17:41,480 NOT COSMETIC BUT NEEDED MEDICAL 1925 01:17:41,480 --> 01:17:42,320 ATTENTION, WHATEVER THAT WAS, 1926 01:17:42,320 --> 01:17:44,000 THAT MAY HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO 1927 01:17:44,000 --> 01:17:47,560 LOSS OF LIFE IN 2020. 1928 01:17:47,560 --> 01:17:48,760 SO THERE WERE STORIES, I COUNT 1929 01:17:48,760 --> 01:17:49,960 AS COVID LOSS. 1930 01:17:49,960 --> 01:17:51,840 IF NOT FOR THE PANDEMIC THINGS 1931 01:17:51,840 --> 01:17:53,240 MIGHT HAVE WORKED OUT BETTER 1932 01:17:53,240 --> 01:17:54,560 BECAUSE THEY COULD HAVE HAD 1933 01:17:54,560 --> 01:17:56,200 THEIR REGULAR CARE OR 1934 01:17:56,200 --> 01:17:57,520 MEDICATIONS THEY NEEDED WOULDN'T 1935 01:17:57,520 --> 01:18:01,120 HAVE BEEN SO EXPENSIVE OR 1936 01:18:01,120 --> 01:18:01,600 WHATEVER CHANGED. 1937 01:18:01,600 --> 01:18:06,040 SO, IT IS A QUESTION I THINK IN 1938 01:18:06,040 --> 01:18:10,000 THE U.S. AND WITH THE ARCHIVE, 1939 01:18:10,000 --> 01:18:11,320 WHEN DO WE MOURN AND ALLOW 1940 01:18:11,320 --> 01:18:14,040 OURSELVES TO FEEL THE TOLL OF 1941 01:18:14,040 --> 01:18:15,800 LOSS AND ADMIT THAT THIS IS A 1942 01:18:15,800 --> 01:18:16,880 REALLY BIG DEAL. 1943 01:18:16,880 --> 01:18:18,080 IT'S NOT JUST ABSTRACT NUMBERS. 1944 01:18:18,080 --> 01:18:20,280 THESE ARE LOTS OF PEOPLE. 1945 01:18:20,280 --> 01:18:23,760 THERE HAVE BEEN SMALL MOURNING 1946 01:18:23,760 --> 01:18:26,840 PROJECTS BUT I THINK AS AN 1947 01:18:26,840 --> 01:18:29,480 ARCHIVE, EVEN AS COUNTRY, WE 1948 01:18:29,480 --> 01:18:31,760 HAVEN'T SAID -- IT'S A GREAT 1949 01:18:31,760 --> 01:18:32,560 QUESTION FOR PUBLIC HUMANITIES, 1950 01:18:32,560 --> 01:18:37,360 WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO 1951 01:18:37,360 --> 01:18:38,200 MEMORIALIZE THIS MOMENT, TO 1952 01:18:38,200 --> 01:18:39,520 HONOR PEOPLE WE'VE LOST AND 1953 01:18:39,520 --> 01:18:40,760 LEARN AND WHAT ARE THOSE LESSONS 1954 01:18:40,760 --> 01:18:49,760 WE NEED TO TAKE FROM IT. 1955 01:18:49,760 --> 01:18:53,720 1918 INFLUENZA, HEALTH NORMS, 1956 01:18:53,720 --> 01:18:55,040 FUN FACTS, SPITTING IN PUBLIC 1957 01:18:55,040 --> 01:19:02,960 GOES AWAY BECAUSE IT CAN CARRY 1958 01:19:02,960 --> 01:19:03,720 GERMS, SO NOT GOOD. 1959 01:19:03,720 --> 01:19:07,320 YOU USED TO FILL UP A CUP AT A 1960 01:19:07,320 --> 01:19:11,600 DRINKING FOUNTAIN, THAT GOES 1961 01:19:11,600 --> 01:19:11,840 AWAY. 1962 01:19:11,840 --> 01:19:12,600 IT'S INTERESTING EXERCISE TO 1963 01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:14,040 THINK ABOUT WHAT WE HAVE RIGHT 1964 01:19:14,040 --> 01:19:24,560 NOW THAT'S GOING TO CHANGE THE 1965 01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:28,560 WAY PEOPLE STAY. 1966 01:19:28,560 --> 01:19:30,120 PEOPLE ARE STILL WEARING MASKS, 1967 01:19:30,120 --> 01:19:31,520 NOT ALL CASES, INTERESTING TO 1968 01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:33,480 THINK ABOUT HAVE ANY OF THESE 1969 01:19:33,480 --> 01:19:34,480 NORMS OR DISRUPTIONS WE'VE 1970 01:19:34,480 --> 01:19:39,360 IMPLEMENTED AS NORMAL PRACTICE, 1971 01:19:39,360 --> 01:19:41,280 WHICH STICK AROUND AND BECOME 1972 01:19:41,280 --> 01:19:45,080 PART OF AMERICAN CULTURE. 1973 01:19:45,080 --> 01:19:48,920 >>ONE MORE QUESTION AND WE'LL 1974 01:19:48,920 --> 01:19:49,200 CONCLUDE. 1975 01:19:49,200 --> 01:19:50,760 HOW HAS LIVING THROUGH COVID 1976 01:19:50,760 --> 01:19:54,040 CHANGED THE WAY YOU THINK ABOUT 1977 01:19:54,040 --> 01:19:56,880 BEING A HISTORIAN AND BEING 1978 01:19:56,880 --> 01:19:58,000 HISTORIAN OF MEDICINE, WE 1979 01:19:58,000 --> 01:19:59,280 ADDRESSED THIS BUT IS THERE 1980 01:19:59,280 --> 01:20:03,360 ANYTHING ELSE YOU WANT TO SAY? 1981 01:20:03,360 --> 01:20:09,840 YOUR PROJECT IS JUST SO COMPLEX 1982 01:20:09,840 --> 01:20:12,440 AND MULTI-ASPECT. 1983 01:20:12,440 --> 01:20:14,640 IT IS A HISTORY OF RECENT YEARS 1984 01:20:14,640 --> 01:20:16,200 THAT ARE STILL HAPPENING AND IS 1985 01:20:16,200 --> 01:20:18,200 GOING TO BE INCREDIBLE RESOURCE 1986 01:20:18,200 --> 01:20:19,600 FOR FUTURE HISTORIANS. 1987 01:20:19,600 --> 01:20:21,000 HOW HAS COVID CHANGED THE WAY 1988 01:20:21,000 --> 01:20:31,480 YOU THINK ABOUT HISTORY AND 1989 01:20:35,720 --> 01:20:37,120 BEING HISTORIAN? 1990 01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:40,320 >>MARCH 2020 WAS A SENSE OF 1991 01:20:40,320 --> 01:20:40,520 URGENCY. 1992 01:20:40,520 --> 01:20:41,960 NOW THINKING ABOUT LONG TERM, 1993 01:20:41,960 --> 01:20:44,480 IT'S ACCESS, HOW WILL I MAKE 1994 01:20:44,480 --> 01:20:45,160 SURE MATERIALS ARE ACCESSIBLE, 1995 01:20:45,160 --> 01:20:49,960 THAT PEOPLE CAN GET TO THESE 1996 01:20:49,960 --> 01:20:50,160 ITEMS. 1997 01:20:50,160 --> 01:20:52,920 PERUVIAN COLLECTION, WE'VE 1998 01:20:52,920 --> 01:20:54,320 WORKED ON MAKING SOME ITEMS 1999 01:20:54,320 --> 01:20:55,680 BILINGUAL SO THEY ARE MORE 2000 01:20:55,680 --> 01:20:57,400 ACCESSIBLE BUT NOT ALL. 2001 01:20:57,400 --> 01:20:58,680 HAVING THEM SYSTEMATIC SO THAT'S 2002 01:20:58,680 --> 01:21:02,760 AN AREA THAT WE NEED TO FOCUS 2003 01:21:02,760 --> 01:21:04,480 ON, BECAUSE MY MISSION IS THAT 2004 01:21:04,480 --> 01:21:06,040 THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES ARE 2005 01:21:06,040 --> 01:21:08,240 ACCESSIBLE TO ENGLISH AND 2006 01:21:08,240 --> 01:21:10,120 SPANISH SPEAKING AUDIENCES. 2007 01:21:10,120 --> 01:21:15,120 THOSE ARE LANGUAGES I HAVE AND I 2008 01:21:15,120 --> 01:21:16,120 CAN SHARE THIS WITH. 2009 01:21:16,120 --> 01:21:22,200 I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT 2010 01:21:22,200 --> 01:21:22,880 HAPPENS. 2011 01:21:22,880 --> 01:21:24,840 IT ALSO ESPECIALLY WITH -- IT'S 2012 01:21:24,840 --> 01:21:29,120 HARD, IN LOOKING AT THE HOME AND 2013 01:21:29,120 --> 01:21:30,560 NATURAL REMEDIES, CREATING 2014 01:21:30,560 --> 01:21:31,440 SOMETHING INTERESTING, CURIOSITY 2015 01:21:31,440 --> 01:21:33,920 INSIDE OF ME, WHAT ARE THESE 2016 01:21:33,920 --> 01:21:37,760 HOME REMEDIES, WHICH ONES ARE 2017 01:21:37,760 --> 01:21:40,040 COMPLETELY BOGUS, BUT WHICH 2018 01:21:40,040 --> 01:21:41,360 MIGHT HAVE VALIDITY, WHAT IS 2019 01:21:41,360 --> 01:21:43,920 TRADITION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE 2020 01:21:43,920 --> 01:21:46,520 PASSED DOWN, MAYBE FROM A PAST 2021 01:21:46,520 --> 01:21:49,520 PANDEMIC, AS WE KNOW, WHEN 2022 01:21:49,520 --> 01:21:56,800 EUROPEANS ARRIVED IN PERU THERE 2023 01:21:56,800 --> 01:21:58,120 WERE PANDEMICS AND MAJOR, SOME 2024 01:21:58,120 --> 01:22:00,280 ROOTED IN LARGER MEDICAL 2025 01:22:00,280 --> 01:22:01,280 HISTORY, THINKING ABOUT THAT 2026 01:22:01,280 --> 01:22:04,160 TRAJECTORY IS FUN AS A HISTORIAN 2027 01:22:04,160 --> 01:22:06,240 EVER MEDICINE, WORKING THROUGH 2028 01:22:06,240 --> 01:22:08,440 THAT IS DIFFICULT, CAN'T DRAW A 2029 01:22:08,440 --> 01:22:11,360 STRAIGHT LINE FROM 1550 TO 2020, 2030 01:22:11,360 --> 01:22:18,040 BUT IT'S INTERESTING TO SEE 2031 01:22:18,040 --> 01:22:18,800 PERSISTENCE OF DOMESTIC AND WHAT 2032 01:22:18,800 --> 01:22:20,680 IS THE BEST WAY TO THINK ABOUT 2033 01:22:20,680 --> 01:22:21,560 HOME MEDICINE. 2034 01:22:21,560 --> 01:22:23,840 WE'RE ALL HEALERS IN OUR OWN 2035 01:22:23,840 --> 01:22:24,320 WAY. 2036 01:22:24,320 --> 01:22:25,040 PARENTS HEAL CHILDREN, PETS, 2037 01:22:25,040 --> 01:22:27,880 YOU'RE THE FIRST LINE OF HOPE 2038 01:22:27,880 --> 01:22:29,200 FOR YOUR ANIMAL, RIGHT, IF THEY 2039 01:22:29,200 --> 01:22:29,840 ARE SICK. 2040 01:22:29,840 --> 01:22:31,400 WE'VE ALL OPERATED WITH A 2041 01:22:31,400 --> 01:22:33,400 CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MEDICAL 2042 01:22:33,400 --> 01:22:35,240 KNOWLEDGE, WE PASS TO THE NEXT 2043 01:22:35,240 --> 01:22:35,880 GENERATION, AN INTERESTING 2044 01:22:35,880 --> 01:22:40,640 QUESTION THAT I WANT TO GET AT 2045 01:22:40,640 --> 01:22:45,880 MORE WITH THIS PROJECT. 2046 01:22:45,880 --> 01:22:48,600 >>WE'VE SPOKEN ABOUT 2047 01:22:48,600 --> 01:22:49,680 PRESERVATION AND ACCESS. 2048 01:22:49,680 --> 01:22:51,880 MY WAY OF THANKING YOU FOR YOUR 2049 01:22:51,880 --> 01:22:54,160 TIME DEDICATED TO PUTTING THIS 2050 01:22:54,160 --> 01:22:55,720 PRESENTATION TOGETHER, I'M 2051 01:22:55,720 --> 01:22:57,960 REMIND THOSE WATCHING THAT THE 2052 01:22:57,960 --> 01:22:59,080 PRESENTATION WILL BE PERMANENTLY 2053 01:22:59,080 --> 01:23:01,280 AVAILABLE IN THE NIH VIDEOCAST 2054 01:23:01,280 --> 01:23:03,800 ARCHIVE, IN THE NEXT WEEK OR SO. 2055 01:23:03,800 --> 01:23:10,440 AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO IT BEING 2056 01:23:10,440 --> 01:23:10,800 THERE. 2057 01:23:10,800 --> 01:23:12,040 YOUR REFLECTIONS ON HISTORIC 2058 01:23:12,040 --> 01:23:16,680 YEARS WILL BE PART OF AN ARCHIVE 2059 01:23:16,680 --> 01:23:19,640 THAT FUTURE INDIVIDUALS CAN 2060 01:23:19,640 --> 01:23:24,000 CONSULT AS THEY REFLECT, SO IT'S 2061 01:23:24,000 --> 01:23:26,120 A WONDERFUL CIRCULAR MOMENT. 2062 01:23:26,120 --> 01:23:30,800 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE 2063 01:23:30,800 --> 01:23:41,040 PRESENTATION. 2064 01:23:42,120 --> 00:00:00,000 BEST TO YOU.