1 00:00:07,306 --> 00:00:11,173 >> WELCOME. 2 00:00:11,173 --> 00:00:14,676 I'M JEFF RES INITIATION CK 3 00:00:14,676 --> 00:00:17,746 SENIOR HISTORIAN HERE FOR AND 4 00:00:17,746 --> 00:00:25,108 THANK YOU FOR -- JOINING US. 5 00:00:25,108 --> 00:00:28,845 WE HAVE HISTORY FOR BIOMEDICINE, 6 00:00:28,845 --> 00:00:31,914 SOCIAL SCIEN SCIENCES AND HUMAN. 7 00:00:31,914 --> 00:00:35,318 WE SUPPORT THE COMMITMENT OF THE 8 00:00:35,318 --> 00:00:38,254 NLM FOR THE DIVERSITY OF DLEKSES 9 00:00:38,254 --> 00:00:43,192 WHICH HAVE A RANGE OF DIJ CAL 10 00:00:43,192 --> 00:00:45,161 FORMAT AND RANGE OVER THE WORLD. 11 00:00:45,161 --> 00:00:45,539 WE HAVE VOICES OF PEOPLE OF 12 00:00:45,539 --> 00:00:47,408 COLOR, WOMEN AND INDIVIDUALS OF 13 00:00:47,408 --> 00:00:50,177 A VARIETY OF BACKGROUNDS WHO 14 00:00:50,177 --> 00:00:51,278 VALUE THESE COLLECTIONS AND USE 15 00:00:51,278 --> 00:00:52,913 THEM AT THE ADVANCE THEIR 16 00:00:52,913 --> 00:00:55,750 RESEARCH, TEACHING AND LEARNING. 17 00:00:55,750 --> 00:00:57,151 WELCOME EVERYONE. 18 00:00:57,151 --> 00:00:59,787 FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO WISH TO 19 00:00:59,787 --> 00:01:02,123 SHARE THEIR QUESTIONS WITH 20 00:01:02,123 --> 00:01:04,525 SPEAKER, USE THE LIVE FEEDBACK 21 00:01:04,525 --> 00:01:06,794 BUTTON ON THE VideoCast. 22 00:01:06,794 --> 00:01:09,730 TODAY I HAVE THE GREAT PLEASURE 23 00:01:09,730 --> 00:01:13,467 AND PRIVILEGE TO INTRODUCE 24 00:01:13,467 --> 00:01:19,173 NAMHEE LEE WHO IS WITH EWHA 25 00:01:19,173 --> 00:01:24,612 UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH KOREA AND 26 00:01:24,612 --> 00:01:26,680 TEACHES HISTORY THEORY TO 27 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:27,415 GRADUATE STUDENTS. 28 00:01:27,415 --> 00:01:33,988 HE WAS A POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW AND 29 00:01:33,988 --> 00:01:37,291 TEACHES IN SOUTH KOREA. 30 00:01:37,291 --> 00:01:39,727 SHE COMPLETED HER PhD. IN 31 00:01:39,727 --> 00:01:42,329 HISTORY AT SYRACUSE EEFORT WITH 32 00:01:42,329 --> 00:01:49,003 THE DIRS TAITION ENTITLED SPOCK 33 00:01:49,003 --> 00:01:51,439 PARADOX,IVENESS AND CONTROL AND 34 00:01:51,439 --> 00:01:54,074 NEW ADVICE FOR PARENTING IN 35 00:01:54,074 --> 00:01:54,375 DEMOCRACY. 36 00:01:54,375 --> 00:01:57,445 DR. LEE IS AUTHOR OF ANY TIME 37 00:01:57,445 --> 00:02:03,317 RUSS SCHORLY AVRILS TWO IN 38 00:02:03,317 --> 00:02:07,488 JOURNAL OF MELON TALL HEALTH 39 00:02:07,488 --> 00:02:10,024 INCLUDING THE DREAM OF THE NEW 40 00:02:10,024 --> 00:02:13,727 DESCRIBE TRI WILLIAM C. 41 00:02:13,727 --> 00:02:15,896 MANAGENNER AND PSYCHE ANALYSIS. 42 00:02:15,896 --> 00:02:20,067 SHE'S PUBLISHED IN THE KOREAN 43 00:02:20,067 --> 00:02:24,371 JOURNAL IN HISTORY AND WESTERN 44 00:02:24,371 --> 00:02:24,905 REVIEW. 45 00:02:24,905 --> 00:02:28,976 SHE SHARES ASPECTS OF RESEARCH 46 00:02:28,976 --> 00:02:33,547 IN MENTAL WE WELL-BEING IN WESTN 47 00:02:33,547 --> 00:02:36,183 AMERICA FOCUSING ON ROBERT H. 48 00:02:36,183 --> 00:02:37,151 FELIX. 49 00:02:37,151 --> 00:02:38,786 IF IN HER RESEARCH SHE IS HE 50 00:02:38,786 --> 00:02:42,957 BEEN DRAWING ON THE NLM'S 51 00:02:42,957 --> 00:02:45,459 COLLECTION OF DR. FELIX'S 52 00:02:45,459 --> 00:02:45,826 PAPERS. 53 00:02:45,826 --> 00:02:48,362 DR. LEE, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 54 00:02:48,362 --> 00:02:50,297 JOINING US FROM SOUTH KOREA. 55 00:02:50,297 --> 00:02:51,499 >> THANK YOU, JEFF. 56 00:02:51,499 --> 00:02:53,133 THANK YOU FOR LETTING ME HAVE 57 00:02:53,133 --> 00:02:54,802 THIS OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT MY 58 00:02:54,802 --> 00:02:55,436 CITY. 59 00:02:55,436 --> 00:02:58,272 IT'S THE PRIVILEGE AND HONOR FOR 60 00:02:58,272 --> 00:02:59,807 ME TO DO SO. 61 00:02:59,807 --> 00:03:08,883 I WOULD LIKE TO AND BEGIN -- 62 00:03:08,883 --> 00:03:10,217 THERE WE GO. 63 00:03:10,217 --> 00:03:12,186 I WOULD LIKE TO BEGIN BY 64 00:03:12,186 --> 00:03:17,858 REFLECTING ON THE REMARK WHICH 65 00:03:17,858 --> 00:03:19,727 [INDISCERNIBLE] WROAPT IN THE 66 00:03:19,727 --> 00:03:21,896 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC 67 00:03:21,896 --> 00:03:26,367 RI IN JULY 1961. 68 00:03:26,367 --> 00:03:32,072 IN HIS INTRODUCTION, ROBERT 69 00:03:32,072 --> 00:03:34,441 FELIX, THE NLM PRESIDENT FROM 70 00:03:34,441 --> 00:03:39,613 1960 TO 1961 HE WAS DESCRIBE DR. 71 00:03:39,613 --> 00:03:40,514 FELIX AS SUMP. 72 00:03:40,514 --> 00:03:44,018 AS WE SURVEY THIS WONDERFULLY 73 00:03:44,018 --> 00:03:45,786 PRODUCTIVE CAREER IN WHICH A 74 00:03:45,786 --> 00:03:53,327 DEDICATE MAN CARRIED 75 00:03:53,327 --> 00:03:55,629 BENEVOLENCE, WE CAN I SAY TO HIM 76 00:03:55,629 --> 00:03:57,164 AND OF HIM. 77 00:03:57,164 --> 00:04:00,367 THIS REMARK ALLOWS US TO ASSUME 78 00:04:00,367 --> 00:04:02,970 THAT THE PATH DR. FELIX WENT 79 00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:04,838 THROUGH MIGHT BE DIFFERENT THAN 80 00:04:04,838 --> 00:04:08,142 OTHER PSYCHIATRISTS SINCE 81 00:04:08,142 --> 00:04:11,845 PROMINENT FIGURES IN PSYCHIATRY 82 00:04:11,845 --> 00:04:15,149 AND THE DISCIPLINE BEGAN TO 83 00:04:15,149 --> 00:04:19,053 ACQUIRE FAME AT THE TIME. 84 00:04:19,053 --> 00:04:21,121 DURING -- TODAY I WOULD LIKE TO 85 00:04:21,121 --> 00:04:23,357 DRAW ATTENTION TO DR. FELIX'S 86 00:04:23,357 --> 00:04:27,728 EFFORT IN ESTABLISHING THE POST 87 00:04:27,728 --> 00:04:30,364 WAR DIRECTION IN PUBLIC MENTAL 88 00:04:30,364 --> 00:04:30,898 HEALTH. 89 00:04:30,898 --> 00:04:33,067 BEFORE MOVING ON TO HOW DR. 90 00:04:33,067 --> 00:04:34,635 FELIX CONTRIBUTED TO THE 91 00:04:34,635 --> 00:04:36,170 NATIONAL HEALTH SECTOR, I WANT 92 00:04:36,170 --> 00:04:37,771 TO INTRODUCE OVERALL INFORMATION 93 00:04:37,771 --> 00:04:40,407 ABOUT DR. FELIX WHO HAD A LONG 94 00:04:40,407 --> 00:04:44,044 CAREER IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE, 95 00:04:44,044 --> 00:04:48,949 PHS, ALL THEAUX THERE IS NO 96 00:04:48,949 --> 00:04:56,056 PUBLISHED NOTTOGRAPH OR 97 00:04:56,056 --> 00:04:59,259 PUBLISHING ON DR. FELIX, HE'S 98 00:04:59,259 --> 00:05:02,296 PROMINENT IN THE MENTAL HEALTH 99 00:05:02,296 --> 00:05:06,266 RELATED TOPICS AFTER WORLD WAR R 100 00:05:06,266 --> 00:05:08,869 II, IT FELIX APPEARS WITHOUT 101 00:05:08,869 --> 00:05:11,739 FAIL IN DEALING WITH NATIONAL 102 00:05:11,739 --> 00:05:13,140 MENTAL HEALTH FUNDING FROM 103 00:05:13,140 --> 00:05:15,342 RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND 104 00:05:15,342 --> 00:05:18,512 DRUG-RELATED EMENTS. 105 00:05:18,512 --> 00:05:19,713 LMENTS. 106 00:05:19,713 --> 00:05:22,449 DR. FELIX WAS EYE PSYCHIATRIST, 107 00:05:22,449 --> 00:05:24,985 MEDICAL DR DOCTOR AND 108 00:05:24,985 --> 00:05:26,186 ADMINISTRATOR. 109 00:05:26,186 --> 00:05:27,621 WIDELY KNOWN AS THE FIRST 110 00:05:27,621 --> 00:05:29,223 DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL 111 00:05:29,223 --> 00:05:38,599 INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH, FRM 112 00:05:38,599 --> 00:05:39,700 12959 TO 1964. 113 00:05:39,700 --> 00:05:42,269 HE WAS THE PRESIDENT OF THE 114 00:05:42,269 --> 00:05:46,707 AMERICAN SCR PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIN 115 00:05:46,707 --> 00:05:49,476 FROM 1960 TO 1961 AND ONE OF THE 116 00:05:49,476 --> 00:05:52,212 KEY PLAYERS TO DEVELOP A OVERALL 117 00:05:52,212 --> 00:05:55,049 PICTURE OF MENTAL HEALTH POLICY 118 00:05:55,049 --> 00:05:58,619 WHO MADE A MENTAL HEALTH ACT IN 119 00:05:58,619 --> 00:06:01,955 1946 POSSIBLE. 120 00:06:01,955 --> 00:06:12,466 BORN IN 1904, DOWNS KANSAS TO 121 00:06:15,502 --> 00:06:17,504 [INDISCERNIBLE], HE FER SUED A 122 00:06:17,504 --> 00:06:22,409 CAREER IN PEN TALL HEALTH RATHER 123 00:06:22,409 --> 00:06:26,480 THAN PSYCHIATRY. 124 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:31,719 AFTER GRADUATING 125 00:06:31,719 --> 00:06:35,689 FROM -- HE WORKED AS A RESIDENT 126 00:06:35,689 --> 00:06:37,324 AT COLORADO PSYCHOPATHIC 127 00:06:37,324 --> 00:06:37,991 HOSPITAL. 128 00:06:37,991 --> 00:06:43,130 HE BEGAN HIS CAREER IN 1933 AND 129 00:06:43,130 --> 00:06:44,965 MAINTAINED VARIOUS POSITIONS AT 130 00:06:44,965 --> 00:06:46,967 THE PHS DURING THE SECOND WORLD 131 00:06:46,967 --> 00:06:47,601 WAR. 132 00:06:47,601 --> 00:06:51,238 AS ON OFFICER OF THE PHS FROM 133 00:06:51,238 --> 00:06:53,741 1936, HE WAS ASSIGNED TO THE 134 00:06:53,741 --> 00:06:54,775 FEDERAL NARCOTIC TREATMENT 135 00:06:54,775 --> 00:06:58,445 CENTER IN LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. 136 00:06:58,445 --> 00:07:00,547 AFTER SERVING FOR THREE YEARS AT 137 00:07:00,547 --> 00:07:04,885 THE PHS CENTER IN SPRINGFIELD 138 00:07:04,885 --> 00:07:06,653 MISSOURI UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF 139 00:07:06,653 --> 00:07:10,390 JUSTICE. 140 00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:15,129 HE RECEIVED HIS MASTERS DEGREE 141 00:07:15,129 --> 00:07:16,864 FROM JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 142 00:07:16,864 --> 00:07:20,167 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN 1942 143 00:07:20,167 --> 00:07:23,437 AND WAS DEPLOYED TO THE COAST 144 00:07:23,437 --> 00:07:25,105 GUARD ACADEMY AS A PSYCHIATRIST 145 00:07:25,105 --> 00:07:27,374 AND SENIOR MEDICAL OFFICER. 146 00:07:27,374 --> 00:07:30,778 HE RETURNED TO THE PHS IN 1944 147 00:07:30,778 --> 00:07:33,814 AND WORKED AS AN ASSISTANT CHIEF 148 00:07:33,814 --> 00:07:35,482 IN THE BUREAU OF MEDICAL 149 00:07:35,482 --> 00:07:35,783 SERVICE. 150 00:07:35,783 --> 00:07:38,752 IN THE SAME YEAR, DR. FELIX 151 00:07:38,752 --> 00:07:41,388 BECAME THE CHIEF OF THE MENTAL 152 00:07:41,388 --> 00:07:42,923 HYGIENE DIVISION. 153 00:07:42,923 --> 00:07:43,991 HIS CAREER DEVELOPMENT ALLOWED 154 00:07:43,991 --> 00:07:47,961 HIM TO BE THE MOST EXPERIENCED 155 00:07:47,961 --> 00:07:50,697 OFFICER WHO UNDERSTOOD PUBLIC 156 00:07:50,697 --> 00:07:52,332 MENTAL HEALTH POLICY DURING THE 157 00:07:52,332 --> 00:07:59,339 TIME. 158 00:07:59,339 --> 00:08:04,478 AROUND 1940s, MOST PSYCHIATRIC 159 00:08:04,478 --> 00:08:07,281 SPECIALISTS HAD EXPERIENCED -- 160 00:08:07,281 --> 00:08:08,315 HAD EXPERIENCE WITH STATE 161 00:08:08,315 --> 00:08:10,384 HOSPITALS OR RUNNING PRIVATE 162 00:08:10,384 --> 00:08:11,051 CLINICS. 163 00:08:11,051 --> 00:08:15,422 IN CONTRAST, FELIX, BECAUSE OF 164 00:08:15,422 --> 00:08:17,090 HIS CAREER AND EXPERIENCES AT A 165 00:08:17,090 --> 00:08:19,827 COUPLE OF AGENCIES UNDER THE PHS 166 00:08:19,827 --> 00:08:23,530 WAS ONE OF THOSE WHO KNEW BETTER 167 00:08:23,530 --> 00:08:27,234 THAN ANYONE WHAT WAS NEEDED TO 168 00:08:27,234 --> 00:08:29,770 IMPROVE THE MENTAL HEALTH CARE 169 00:08:29,770 --> 00:08:32,406 SYSTEM WHICH WOULD DETERMINE THE 170 00:08:32,406 --> 00:08:34,041 GREAT FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY 171 00:08:34,041 --> 00:08:36,510 DIRECTION AFTER WORLD WA WORLD . 172 00:08:36,510 --> 00:08:38,612 ALSO THE FACT THAT HE WAS OUT OF 173 00:08:38,612 --> 00:08:44,618 THE POST WAR DEBATE ON PSYCHE O 174 00:08:44,618 --> 00:08:47,487 ANALYTIC APPROACH PLAYED A ROLE 175 00:08:47,487 --> 00:08:50,858 IN HIS UNRIVALED POSITION. 176 00:08:50,858 --> 00:08:55,596 KNOWN AS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF 177 00:08:55,596 --> 00:08:57,030 THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL 178 00:08:57,030 --> 00:09:00,334 HEALTH AND A CENTRAL FIGURE IN 179 00:09:00,334 --> 00:09:02,436 PASSING THE NATIONAL MENTAL 180 00:09:02,436 --> 00:09:05,806 HEALTH ACT OF 1946, FELIX IS NOT 181 00:09:05,806 --> 00:09:08,675 A WIDELY KNOWN FIGURE COMPARED 182 00:09:08,675 --> 00:09:11,178 TO THE FAME OF HIS TIME. 183 00:09:11,178 --> 00:09:12,646 DESPITE PLAYING AN IMPORTANT 184 00:09:12,646 --> 00:09:14,948 ROLE IN DETERMINING AMERICAN 185 00:09:14,948 --> 00:09:17,150 MENTAL HEALTH POLICY IN THE MID 186 00:09:17,150 --> 00:09:18,852 20TH CENTURY, INFORMATION ABOUT 187 00:09:18,852 --> 00:09:21,655 HIM IS IT LIMIT COMPARED TO 188 00:09:21,655 --> 00:09:23,290 OTHER MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS WHO 189 00:09:23,290 --> 00:09:25,592 WORKED AROUND THE SAME TIME. 190 00:09:25,592 --> 00:09:26,560 FORTUNATELY I WAS ABLE TO HAVE 191 00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:28,862 AN OPPORTUNITY TO RESEARCH THE 192 00:09:28,862 --> 00:09:30,831 ROBERT H. FELIX PAPERS AT THE 193 00:09:30,831 --> 00:09:34,001 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IN 194 00:09:34,001 --> 00:09:36,370 SUMMER 2022. 195 00:09:36,370 --> 00:09:40,474 THIS TALK IS PART OF THE THE 196 00:09:40,474 --> 00:09:43,443 STUDY BASED ON THE FIELD WORK 197 00:09:43,443 --> 00:09:45,012 FOR THE FELIX PAPERS. 198 00:09:45,012 --> 00:09:49,116 HE'S KNOWN TO SOME EXTENT 199 00:09:49,116 --> 00:09:51,885 SERVING AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 200 00:09:51,885 --> 00:09:56,089 THE DEVELOPMENT. 201 00:09:56,089 --> 00:09:57,658 OF BOTH AMERICAN 202 00:09:57,658 --> 00:10:05,299 DESCRSCRIKS AND MENTAL HEALTH. 203 00:10:05,299 --> 00:10:08,201 IT WILL WOULD BE GOOD TO TRACE 204 00:10:08,201 --> 00:10:09,536 HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND 205 00:10:09,536 --> 00:10:10,804 CONTRIBUTIONS AND ALSO THE 206 00:10:10,804 --> 00:10:12,239 UNDERSTANDING OF THE DIRECTION 207 00:10:12,239 --> 00:10:15,409 AND GOAL OF THE FEDERAL MENTAL 208 00:10:15,409 --> 00:10:17,177 HEALTH POLICY WOULD ILLUMINATE 209 00:10:17,177 --> 00:10:19,279 THE ORIGIN AND COMPLICATE THE 210 00:10:19,279 --> 00:10:21,615 REALITY OF POST WAR NATIONAL 211 00:10:21,615 --> 00:10:29,289 MENTAL HEALTH POLICY. 212 00:10:29,289 --> 00:10:33,126 SO, WHEN WE DEAL WITH CHANGE OR 213 00:10:33,126 --> 00:10:35,829 DEVELOPMENT, OFTENTIMES 214 00:10:35,829 --> 00:10:36,830 OVERCOMING VARIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES 215 00:10:36,830 --> 00:10:38,966 OF THE PAST AND IMPROVING IN A 216 00:10:38,966 --> 00:10:41,335 BETTER WAY IS THE IDEA OF 217 00:10:41,335 --> 00:10:44,571 DESCRIPTION. 218 00:10:44,571 --> 00:10:46,840 THE PERIOD I COVERED HERE WAS 219 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:50,911 RECOGNIZED AS MODERN DEVELOPMENT 220 00:10:50,911 --> 00:10:52,646 OF PSYCHIATRY OR A PERIOD OF 221 00:10:52,646 --> 00:10:53,981 CHANGE. 222 00:10:53,981 --> 00:10:56,817 WORLD WAR II GAVE UNPRECEDENTED 223 00:10:56,817 --> 00:10:58,285 EXPERIENCE BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER 224 00:10:58,285 --> 00:11:02,222 OF PATIENT SOLDIER WHOSE 225 00:11:02,222 --> 00:11:08,562 SUFFERED FROM NEW NEWERO PSYCHIC 226 00:11:08,562 --> 00:11:12,165 SYSTEMS -- NURO PSYCHIATRIC 227 00:11:12,165 --> 00:11:12,899 SYSTEMS. 228 00:11:12,899 --> 00:11:14,768 THEY REALIZED THE STATEMENT OF 229 00:11:14,768 --> 00:11:16,269 THE HOSPITAL SYSTEM WHICH HAD 230 00:11:16,269 --> 00:11:22,576 BEEN MAINTAINED UNTIL 40. 231 00:11:22,576 --> 00:11:24,644 HOWEVER, THESE DRAMATIC ELEMENTS 232 00:11:24,644 --> 00:11:27,247 HAVE THE EFFECT OF MAKING THE 233 00:11:27,247 --> 00:11:35,689 PREVIOUS WEAK AND EXPISSING EXIG 234 00:11:35,689 --> 00:11:38,425 PRACTICES LOOK LIKE FAIL LTD 235 00:11:38,425 --> 00:11:38,992 ATTEMPTS. 236 00:11:38,992 --> 00:11:41,261 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT EARLY 237 00:11:41,261 --> 00:11:43,797 MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN THE EARLY 238 00:11:43,797 --> 00:11:45,198 20TH CENTURY FIRST. 239 00:11:45,198 --> 00:11:47,300 AS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN, THE REALITY 240 00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:49,569 OF PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTIONS AT 241 00:11:49,569 --> 00:11:51,471 THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH 242 00:11:51,471 --> 00:11:54,107 CENTURY DID NOT SEEM IDEAL. 243 00:11:54,107 --> 00:11:57,277 IN PARTICULAR, MENTAL HEALTH 244 00:11:57,277 --> 00:11:59,079 SITUATION JUST BEFORE WORLD WAR 245 00:11:59,079 --> 00:12:02,416 II SEEMED TO BE WORSE THAN THAT 246 00:12:02,416 --> 00:12:05,152 OF OTHER MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS AT 247 00:12:05,152 --> 00:12:06,820 THAT ADVOCATED SCIENTIFIC 248 00:12:06,820 --> 00:12:07,921 MEDICINE. 249 00:12:07,921 --> 00:12:10,524 AUTOMATIC THOUGH WORLD WAR II 250 00:12:10,524 --> 00:12:12,259 AND SCWEPT CHANGES SEEMED TO 251 00:12:12,259 --> 00:12:16,430 HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON 252 00:12:16,430 --> 00:12:18,432 PSYCHIATRY'S TRANSFORMATION INTO 253 00:12:18,432 --> 00:12:21,501 A DISCIPLINE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR 254 00:12:21,501 --> 00:12:24,805 ROLE UNTIL POLICY, THE WAR WAS 255 00:12:24,805 --> 00:12:26,540 THE MAIN CULPRIT AT THAT MADE 256 00:12:26,540 --> 00:12:30,610 THE SITUATION OF WAR-TIME MENTAL 257 00:12:30,610 --> 00:12:32,145 HEALTH MUCH WORSE. 258 00:12:32,145 --> 00:12:35,082 UNDER THE WARTIME SYSTEM, 259 00:12:35,082 --> 00:12:38,485 PSYCHIATRISTS WHO WERE NOT 260 00:12:38,485 --> 00:12:39,886 PLENTY HIM TO GO TO THE 261 00:12:39,886 --> 00:12:40,253 BATTLEFIELD. 262 00:12:40,253 --> 00:12:42,622 THIS WAS NOT LIMITED TO DOCTORS. 263 00:12:42,622 --> 00:12:44,791 WILL ALL NURSES AND OTHER STAFF 264 00:12:44,791 --> 00:12:48,228 WHO WERE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY 265 00:12:48,228 --> 00:12:49,763 ENGAGED IN THE STATE MENTAL 266 00:12:49,763 --> 00:12:52,065 HOSPITAL SYSTEM HAD TO MOVE TO 267 00:12:52,065 --> 00:12:54,901 WORK FOR THE COUNTRY IN A 268 00:12:54,901 --> 00:12:58,271 CRITICAL NATIONAL CRISIS. 269 00:12:58,271 --> 00:13:00,373 AS A RESULT, THE NUMBER OF 270 00:13:00,373 --> 00:13:07,147 DOCTORS AND MEDICAL WORKERS TO 271 00:13:07,147 --> 00:13:08,782 PATIENTS DECREASED EVEN MORE. 272 00:13:08,782 --> 00:13:12,419 IT WAS RELATIVELY TO MAINTAIN 273 00:13:12,419 --> 00:13:15,021 THE STATUS QUO IN MENTAL HEALTH 274 00:13:15,021 --> 00:13:17,324 BECAUSE FUNDS WERE INVESTED IN 275 00:13:17,324 --> 00:13:19,059 CONDUCTING WAR IN ALL 276 00:13:19,059 --> 00:13:23,997 DIRECTIONS. 277 00:13:23,997 --> 00:13:25,866 HOWEVER, THE POOR MENTAL HEALTH 278 00:13:25,866 --> 00:13:27,801 SITUATION HAD ALREADY DWUN IN 279 00:13:27,801 --> 00:13:31,338 THE EARLY 20TH -- BEGUN IN THE 280 00:13:31,338 --> 00:13:33,206 EARLY 20TH CENTURY. 281 00:13:33,206 --> 00:13:37,344 THE TURNOVER RATE OF PATIENTED L 282 00:13:37,344 --> 00:13:41,848 ADMITTED TO MENTAL HEALTH 283 00:13:41,848 --> 00:13:43,150 HOSPITALS DROPPED. 284 00:13:43,150 --> 00:13:48,622 THERE WAS THE THOUGHT PSYCHOSIS 285 00:13:48,622 --> 00:13:51,691 WAS INKEURL DISEASE. 286 00:13:51,691 --> 00:13:56,062 PATIENTS WERE DISCHARGED. 287 00:13:56,062 --> 00:13:59,566 THE STICKS WERE NOT AN INDICATOR 288 00:13:59,566 --> 00:14:03,503 OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 289 00:14:03,503 --> 00:14:05,138 PRE20TH CENTURY HOSPITAL SYSTEM. 290 00:14:05,138 --> 00:14:06,973 PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC 291 00:14:06,973 --> 00:14:13,280 DISEASE WHO WERE NOT ABLE TO BE 292 00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:16,483 TREATED WERE SENT TO OTHER 293 00:14:16,483 --> 00:14:17,050 INSTITUTIONS. 294 00:14:17,050 --> 00:14:24,057 SINCE THE 1890s 295 00:14:24,057 --> 00:14:25,358 HOSPITALIZATION STEADILY 296 00:14:25,358 --> 00:14:28,662 INCREAINCREASED AND LONG TIME 297 00:14:28,662 --> 00:14:30,030 HOSPITALIZATIONS WERE MORE THAN 298 00:14:30,030 --> 00:14:31,932 FIVE YEARS AND ACCOUNTED FOR 299 00:14:31,932 --> 00:14:34,668 MORE THAN 50%. 300 00:14:34,668 --> 00:14:36,970 THIS CHANGE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY 301 00:14:36,970 --> 00:14:39,472 MEASURES TAKEN BY STATE POLICY. 302 00:14:39,472 --> 00:14:41,441 THE CLEAR LINE OF THE COMMUNITY 303 00:14:41,441 --> 00:14:43,777 RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC PATIENTS 304 00:14:43,777 --> 00:14:46,947 AND THE GOVERNMENT IN CHARGE OF 305 00:14:46,947 --> 00:14:48,114 TREATING ACUTE PATIENTS AND 306 00:14:48,114 --> 00:14:51,651 STATE INSTITUTIONS HAVE BEEN 307 00:14:51,651 --> 00:14:53,620 BLUSHED SINCE THE END OF THE 19 308 00:14:53,620 --> 00:14:56,022 H 19TH CENTURY. 309 00:14:56,022 --> 00:14:56,923 TREATMENT APPEARED TO BE 310 00:14:56,923 --> 00:14:59,526 EFFECTIVE IN MENTAL ILLNESS BUT 311 00:14:59,526 --> 00:15:01,094 FACILITIES UNDER LOCAL COMMUNITY 312 00:15:01,094 --> 00:15:03,930 APPEAR TO BE INEFFICIENT AND 313 00:15:03,930 --> 00:15:06,132 POOR INSTITUTIONS FILLED WITH 314 00:15:06,132 --> 00:15:07,434 COUNTRY ILL PATIENTS. 315 00:15:07,434 --> 00:15:09,402 STATE OFFICIALS, THEREFORE, 316 00:15:09,402 --> 00:15:12,472 DETERMINED THAT STATE-AFFILIATED 317 00:15:12,472 --> 00:15:14,741 HOSPITALS ADMIT PEOPLE WHO COULD 318 00:15:14,741 --> 00:15:18,245 BE CLASSIFIED AS MENTALLY ILL. 319 00:15:18,245 --> 00:15:20,247 THE THING IS THAT THE CHRONIC 320 00:15:20,247 --> 00:15:21,214 CONDITION OF THE PATIENTS WAS 321 00:15:21,214 --> 00:15:25,151 NOT THE RESULT OF THEIR 322 00:15:25,151 --> 00:15:28,121 CONFINEMENT 23 IN COMMUNITY 323 00:15:28,121 --> 00:15:28,455 INSTITUTIONS. 324 00:15:28,455 --> 00:15:31,291 MOST OF THEM COULD RECEIVE -- 325 00:15:31,291 --> 00:15:33,493 COULD NOT RECEIVE FAMILY HELP IN 326 00:15:33,493 --> 00:15:35,328 THE FIRST PLACE. 327 00:15:35,328 --> 00:15:36,863 EXPWH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS DID NOT 328 00:15:36,863 --> 00:15:41,134 MISS A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY FOR 329 00:15:41,134 --> 00:15:42,502 BUDGET. 330 00:15:42,502 --> 00:15:45,739 THEY IDENTIFIED VAIR JUST MENTAL 331 00:15:45,739 --> 00:15:50,877 DEFECTS AND DEGRADATION CAUSED 332 00:15:50,877 --> 00:15:58,652 BY SENILITY. 333 00:15:58,652 --> 00:16:02,489 BY 19150, 40% WERE OVER THE AGE 334 00:16:02,489 --> 00:16:06,326 EVER 60. 335 00:16:06,326 --> 00:16:08,728 STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS WHICH 336 00:16:08,728 --> 00:16:10,230 HAVE MAINLY DEALT WITH 337 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:12,632 SHORT-TERM AND EXTREME SYSTEMS 338 00:16:12,632 --> 00:16:14,167 BECAME INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE 339 00:16:14,167 --> 00:16:17,537 FOR CHRONIC PATIENTS WITH 340 00:16:17,537 --> 00:16:19,005 PHYSICAL ILLNESS ESPECIALLY 341 00:16:19,005 --> 00:16:20,840 OLDER PATIENTS SINCE THE 1920s 342 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,043 AND THESE INSTITUTIONS OFTEN HAD 343 00:16:23,043 --> 00:16:25,545 TO TAKE CARE OF THEM UNTIL 344 00:16:25,545 --> 00:16:26,413 DEATH. 345 00:16:26,413 --> 00:16:30,483 EFFECTIVE TREATMENT AND SUCKFUL 346 00:16:30,483 --> 00:16:31,818 OVERCOMING GRADUALLY DISAPPEARED 347 00:16:31,818 --> 00:16:35,188 AND THE STATE HOSPITALS SIMPLY 348 00:16:35,188 --> 00:16:37,824 BECAME PLACES WHERE THE PATIENTS 349 00:16:37,824 --> 00:16:39,326 STAY UNTIL THEY DIE. 350 00:16:39,326 --> 00:16:47,100 23RD PATIE -- 23 FOR PATIENTS WH 351 00:16:47,100 --> 00:16:50,503 PHYSICAL ILLNESS OR AGING, THE 352 00:16:50,503 --> 00:16:54,874 PSYCHIATRIST WOULD RELIEVE OR 353 00:16:54,874 --> 00:16:57,510 STABILIZE THE SYSTEMS. 354 00:16:57,510 --> 00:17:01,014 COST OF CARE WAS THE MAIN TASK. 355 00:17:01,014 --> 00:17:02,549 THIS CHANGE WAS NOT JUST A 356 00:17:02,549 --> 00:17:05,285 PROBLEM FOR STATE MENTAL HEALTH 357 00:17:05,285 --> 00:17:05,819 HOSPITALS. 358 00:17:05,819 --> 00:17:10,924 THE EXPERIENCE WAS A FACTOR IN 359 00:17:10,924 --> 00:17:12,926 MAINTAINING MEDICAL DISCIPLINE. 360 00:17:12,926 --> 00:17:15,028 BUT PRESCRIBING LONG TERM 361 00:17:15,028 --> 00:17:19,165 PATIENTS DRUGS AND MONITORING 362 00:17:19,165 --> 00:17:22,001 HAD THOUGH CHOICE BUT TO 363 00:17:22,001 --> 00:17:25,171 NEGATIVELY EFFECT PSYCHIATRY AS 364 00:17:25,171 --> 00:17:26,740 MEDICAL DISCIPLINE ITSELF. 365 00:17:26,740 --> 00:17:29,042 IN ADDITION TO THE POOR WORKING 366 00:17:29,042 --> 00:17:30,143 CONDITIONS, THE INABILITY TO 367 00:17:30,143 --> 00:17:32,846 FEEL REWARDED AS A PROFESSION 368 00:17:32,846 --> 00:17:34,547 MAKES PSYCHIATRY EVEN MORE 369 00:17:34,547 --> 00:17:36,483 UNATTRACTIVE AND THE CLINICAL 370 00:17:36,483 --> 00:17:37,684 EXPERIENCE THAT IS MOST 371 00:17:37,684 --> 00:17:43,623 ESSENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT 372 00:17:43,623 --> 00:17:45,358 MEDICINE WAS LIMITED TO EAJ 373 00:17:45,358 --> 00:17:47,527 GROUPS AND SPECIFIC DISEASES. 374 00:17:47,527 --> 00:17:51,131 THE TREATED PATIENTS WITH NEW 375 00:17:51,131 --> 00:17:54,100 SYSTEM, WAS RI RISKY BUT STATE 376 00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:56,069 MENTAL HEALTH HOSPITALS WERE NO 377 00:17:56,069 --> 00:17:57,270 LONGER ABLE TO PLAY THIS WILL 378 00:17:57,270 --> 00:17:59,239 ROLE. 379 00:17:59,239 --> 00:18:00,874 HOWEVER, IT IS INTERESTING TO 380 00:18:00,874 --> 00:18:05,178 NOTE THAT MENTAL HOSPITALS 381 00:18:05,178 --> 00:18:06,413 CONDITIONS WERE RELATIVELY 382 00:18:06,413 --> 00:18:08,381 BETTER THAN OTHER STATE 383 00:18:08,381 --> 00:18:15,255 DISMERINSTITUTIONS WERE BETTER. 384 00:18:15,255 --> 00:18:16,356 HOSPITALIZATION TREATMENT WAS 385 00:18:16,356 --> 00:18:19,426 BETTER THAN COMMUNITY AND 386 00:18:19,426 --> 00:18:20,960 INDIVIDUAL MANY TREATMENT. 387 00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:24,531 THE NUMB NUMBER OF ELDERLY PATS 388 00:18:24,531 --> 00:18:27,066 COULD NOT BE CARED FOR AT HOME 389 00:18:27,066 --> 00:18:30,937 INCREASED IN THE AFTERMATH OF 390 00:18:30,937 --> 00:18:33,006 THE COUNTRY CRISIS. 391 00:18:33,006 --> 00:18:34,607 MAINTAINING THE STATUS QUO ALONE 392 00:18:34,607 --> 00:18:37,177 MIGHT HAVE SEEN LIKE A BETTER 393 00:18:37,177 --> 00:18:39,245 CONDITION AT THE TIME BUT THAT 394 00:18:39,245 --> 00:18:40,647 DOES NOT SOLVE THE MENTAL 395 00:18:40,647 --> 00:18:43,283 HOSPITAL ITSELF WHICH HAD BEEN 396 00:18:43,283 --> 00:18:48,855 REVEALED SINCE THE 1920S. 397 00:18:48,855 --> 00:18:50,723 TIME PASSED WITHOUT CHANGING THE 398 00:18:50,723 --> 00:18:53,359 REALITY OF INCREASING PATIENT 399 00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:55,528 NUMBERS REDUCED FINANCES AND 400 00:18:55,528 --> 00:19:01,167 AGING FACILITIES. 401 00:19:01,167 --> 00:19:05,638 COMPARED TO THE 1930s, THE 402 00:19:05,638 --> 00:19:08,575 1940s, THE EXISTING PROBLEMS 403 00:19:08,575 --> 00:19:10,009 BECAME MORE EVIDENT. 404 00:19:10,009 --> 00:19:11,211 THE INCREASING NUMBER OF 405 00:19:11,211 --> 00:19:14,180 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES 406 00:19:14,180 --> 00:19:16,449 MEANT AN INCREASE IN THE DENSITY 407 00:19:16,449 --> 00:19:18,651 OF THE RECEIVING POPULATION. 408 00:19:18,651 --> 00:19:21,387 THE 1930s, EVEN INSTITUTIONS 409 00:19:21,387 --> 00:19:24,891 THAT RECEIVED STABLE FINANCIAL 410 00:19:24,891 --> 00:19:25,959 SUPPLY AND DEMAND WOULD HAVE 411 00:19:25,959 --> 00:19:28,061 BEEN ABLE TO MAINTAIN THE STATUS 412 00:19:28,061 --> 00:19:28,595 QUO. 413 00:19:28,595 --> 00:19:30,563 SO IT WAS DIFFICULT TO EXPECT TO 414 00:19:30,563 --> 00:19:31,831 IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT OF 415 00:19:31,831 --> 00:19:32,966 PATIENTS. 416 00:19:32,966 --> 00:19:36,469 THE BIGGEST PROBLEM WAS THAT THE 417 00:19:36,469 --> 00:19:41,508 NUMBER EVER MEDICAL 418 00:19:41,508 --> 00:19:44,344 PROFESSIONALS WAS DECREASING 419 00:19:44,344 --> 00:19:46,779 NATIONWIDE DUE TO WORLD WAR II. 420 00:19:46,779 --> 00:19:49,382 THE NUMBER OF PATIENTS PER 421 00:19:49,382 --> 00:19:57,824 CAPITA INCREASED, MUCH COURSE OT 422 00:19:57,824 --> 00:19:59,325 MADE FOR PRESSURE ON 423 00:19:59,325 --> 00:20:02,495 IN-PATIENTS. 424 00:20:02,495 --> 00:20:04,464 THE CARE INCREASED AS THE NUMBER 425 00:20:04,464 --> 00:20:07,534 OF EMPLOYEES DECREASED. 426 00:20:07,534 --> 00:20:09,068 FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES MADE IT 427 00:20:09,068 --> 00:20:10,503 IMPOSSIBLE TO BUILD NEW 428 00:20:10,503 --> 00:20:12,672 FACILITIES TO ACCOMMODATE A 429 00:20:12,672 --> 00:20:17,277 GROWING NUMB NUMBER OF PATIENT. 430 00:20:17,277 --> 00:20:21,247 WORLD WAR II HAD A NEGATIVE 431 00:20:21,247 --> 00:20:23,950 EFFECT ON THE EXISTING STATE 432 00:20:23,950 --> 00:20:34,227 MENTAL HEALTH HOSPITAL SYSTEM. 433 00:20:34,227 --> 00:20:35,728 IT IS WELL-KNOWN THAT WORLD WAR 434 00:20:35,728 --> 00:20:38,731 II WAS A SYMBOLIC TURNING POINT, 435 00:20:38,731 --> 00:20:40,800 AS I MENTIONED BEFORE, FOR THE 436 00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:41,768 DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHIATRY IN THE 437 00:20:41,768 --> 00:20:42,735 UNITED STATES. 438 00:20:42,735 --> 00:20:44,404 THE IMAGE OF THE DISEASE 439 00:20:44,404 --> 00:20:47,473 PREVIOUSLY DEALT WITH BY 440 00:20:47,473 --> 00:20:49,809 PSYCHIATRY WAS TREATED FROM 441 00:20:49,809 --> 00:20:53,079 MODERN SCIENCE WHICH ADVOCATED A 442 00:20:53,079 --> 00:20:54,948 SCIENTIFIC APPROACH UNTIL THE 443 00:20:54,948 --> 00:20:56,316 MOMENT THE UNITED STATES DECIDED 444 00:20:56,316 --> 00:20:58,251 TO PARTICIPATE IN THE WAR DUE TO 445 00:20:58,251 --> 00:21:03,790 THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR, 446 00:21:03,790 --> 00:21:05,892 PSYCHIATRY WAS STILL POOR IN 447 00:21:05,892 --> 00:21:07,727 DEALING WITH MENTAL ILLNESS AND 448 00:21:07,727 --> 00:21:09,162 MENTAL STATE. 449 00:21:09,162 --> 00:21:12,465 SINCE THE END OF THE 1-9DTH 450 00:21:12,465 --> 00:21:14,834 CENTURY, MANY THEORIES HAVE 451 00:21:14,834 --> 00:21:19,105 EMERGED DUE TO PSYCHE ANALYSIS 452 00:21:19,105 --> 00:21:21,641 BUT WERE REJECTED BY THE 453 00:21:21,641 --> 00:21:23,276 AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC COMMUNITY 454 00:21:23,276 --> 00:21:27,747 BECAUSE THOSE THEORIES HAD A 455 00:21:27,747 --> 00:21:29,616 EUROPEAN TRADITION OR SEEMED 456 00:21:29,616 --> 00:21:31,484 UNSCIENTIFIC FOR THEM. 457 00:21:31,484 --> 00:21:36,956 FROM THE MID TO LATE 19TH 458 00:21:36,956 --> 00:21:38,491 CENTURY, STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS 459 00:21:38,491 --> 00:21:42,228 WERE BY NO MEANS AN 460 00:21:42,228 --> 00:21:43,663 UNDER-DEVELOP ACCOMMODATION 461 00:21:43,663 --> 00:21:44,731 FACILITY. 462 00:21:44,731 --> 00:21:46,699 50% OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE 463 00:21:46,699 --> 00:21:50,770 MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE 19th 464 00:21:50,770 --> 00:21:52,405 CENTURYIVE WERE HOSPITALLED FOR 465 00:21:52,405 --> 00:21:55,441 LESS THAN A YEAR. 466 00:21:55,441 --> 00:21:57,543 UNTIL 1808 THE NUMBER OF 467 00:21:57,543 --> 00:21:59,712 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES 468 00:21:59,712 --> 00:22:02,148 REMAINED AT 5 TO 10%. 469 00:22:02,148 --> 00:22:05,418 THIS DETERMINED THE CAPACITY OF 470 00:22:05,418 --> 00:22:05,985 MENTAL HOSPITALS. 471 00:22:05,985 --> 00:22:10,556 IT CAN BE SAID THAT PSYCHIATRIC 472 00:22:10,556 --> 00:22:12,859 DEPARTMENTS CENTERED ON 473 00:22:12,859 --> 00:22:14,560 PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS BEFORE THE 474 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:20,867 20TH SE CENTURY EXPERIENCED 475 00:22:20,867 --> 00:22:25,438 RELATIVE SUCCESS BEFORE THE 20TH 476 00:22:25,438 --> 00:22:26,105 CENTURY. 477 00:22:26,105 --> 00:22:28,441 THE CARE IN THE EXISTING 478 00:22:28,441 --> 00:22:29,942 ENVIRONMENT WAS RECOGNIZED AS 479 00:22:29,942 --> 00:22:32,679 THE BEST TREATMENT FOR ACUTE 480 00:22:32,679 --> 00:22:33,980 DISEASES. 481 00:22:33,980 --> 00:22:37,050 HOWEVER, THIS BLEEFL LED TO THE 482 00:22:37,050 --> 00:22:38,551 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF 483 00:22:38,551 --> 00:22:40,119 STATE MENTAL HEALTH HOSPITALS 484 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:45,224 FROM THE LATE 19TH CENTURY TO 485 00:22:45,224 --> 00:22:49,929 THE EARLY TO MID 20TH CENTURY. 486 00:22:49,929 --> 00:22:51,164 THIS DETERIORATION LOAD TO 487 00:22:51,164 --> 00:22:53,032 EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE 488 00:22:53,032 --> 00:22:55,201 ENVIRONMENT IN MEN HALL HEALTH 489 00:22:55,201 --> 00:22:57,270 HOSPITALS. 490 00:22:57,270 --> 00:23:02,642 THE BEGINNING OF THE ME MENTAL 491 00:23:02,642 --> 00:23:09,749 HEALTH MOVEMENT WAS THE 492 00:23:09,749 --> 00:23:15,988 PUBLICATION OF THE BIOGRAPHY IN 493 00:23:15,988 --> 00:23:18,424 1908 WHICH WAS A FAMOUS ONE. 494 00:23:18,424 --> 00:23:22,562 THE ESTABLISHMENT FOR THE 495 00:23:22,562 --> 00:23:25,631 COMMITTEE FOR MENTAL HYGIENE IN 496 00:23:25,631 --> 00:23:28,167 1909, THE SCOPE OF THE MENTAL 497 00:23:28,167 --> 00:23:30,436 HEALTH MOVEMENT GRADUALLY 498 00:23:30,436 --> 00:23:32,305 EX-PNDED TO AREAS IT THAT WERE 499 00:23:32,305 --> 00:23:34,173 THOUGHT TO BE RELATED TO MENTAL 500 00:23:34,173 --> 00:23:35,374 HEALTH AT THE TIME. 501 00:23:35,374 --> 00:23:40,713 AS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE 502 00:23:40,713 --> 00:23:42,482 ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING THE 503 00:23:42,482 --> 00:23:44,550 RELATIONSHIP WITH CAREGIVERS 504 00:23:44,550 --> 00:23:46,252 EXPERIENCING THE PROCESS OF 505 00:23:46,252 --> 00:23:48,287 GROWTH WAS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE 506 00:23:48,287 --> 00:23:48,855 HUMAN MIND. 507 00:23:48,855 --> 00:23:50,056 IT WAS THOUGHT THAT THE 508 00:23:50,056 --> 00:23:51,457 ENVIRONMENT SHOULD BE IMPROVED 509 00:23:51,457 --> 00:23:54,427 TO PREVENT THE DETERIORATION OF 510 00:23:54,427 --> 00:23:56,262 MENTAL ILLNESS IN EVENTS. 511 00:23:56,262 --> 00:23:59,899 THEREFORE, TRILLION IN LECTURE 512 00:23:59,899 --> 00:24:07,673 DISABILITY SINLS SINCE THE 192N 513 00:24:07,673 --> 00:24:12,578 POOR ENVIRONMENT IN THE STATE 514 00:24:12,578 --> 00:24:13,713 HOSPITALS WAS MADE. 515 00:24:13,713 --> 00:24:19,385 THIS WAS E EMPHASIZED IN A 516 00:24:19,385 --> 00:24:23,756 QUARANTINE OF IMMIGRANTS AND 517 00:24:23,756 --> 00:24:24,290 FOREIGNERS. 518 00:24:24,290 --> 00:24:27,894 SCHOOL AGE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN 519 00:24:27,894 --> 00:24:31,764 EXPANDED TO AREAS EVER MENTAL 520 00:24:31,764 --> 00:24:34,934 PROBLEMS SUCH AS JEUF NIEF NILE 521 00:24:34,934 --> 00:24:36,869 DLIRCHG T DELINQUENCY AND OTHER 522 00:24:36,869 --> 00:24:37,537 PROBLEMS. 523 00:24:37,537 --> 00:24:39,172 IT WAS RELATED TO DRUG 524 00:24:39,172 --> 00:24:40,173 ADDICTION. 525 00:24:40,173 --> 00:24:46,612 THE ENACTSMENT OF THE HARRISON 526 00:24:46,612 --> 00:24:49,582 NARCOTIC ACT OF 1914 MADE IT 527 00:24:49,582 --> 00:24:51,417 POSSIBLE TO PUNISH DOCTORS WHO 528 00:24:51,417 --> 00:24:53,619 HAD THE AUTHORITY TO PRESCRIBE 529 00:24:53,619 --> 00:24:55,254 DRUGS. 530 00:24:55,254 --> 00:24:58,090 HOWEVER, DRUG ADDICTION WAS NOT 531 00:24:58,090 --> 00:25:02,795 THE ONLY AREA WHERE THIS WAS 532 00:25:02,795 --> 00:25:05,965 CURED, ALTHOUGH IT WAS NOT EASY 533 00:25:05,965 --> 00:25:07,834 TO UNDERSTAND THE DIRECTION OF 534 00:25:07,834 --> 00:25:09,802 THE MENTAL HYGIENE MOVEMENT AT 535 00:25:09,802 --> 00:25:13,539 THE TIME AND THE ADDICTION OR 536 00:25:13,539 --> 00:25:17,910 DISPENT AT THE TIME. 537 00:25:17,910 --> 00:25:28,421 DPLENSED AT THE. DEPEN DANCE. 538 00:25:30,189 --> 00:25:34,961 THIS WAS A PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED 539 00:25:34,961 --> 00:25:37,263 NOT JUST BY CRIMINALIZATION. 540 00:25:37,263 --> 00:25:39,031 THERE WAS CREATED THE DIVISION 541 00:25:39,031 --> 00:25:41,133 OF MENTAL HYGIENE AND EXPANDED 542 00:25:41,133 --> 00:25:45,805 THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 543 00:25:45,805 --> 00:25:47,874 THE DIVISION OF CANDIDATES LED 544 00:25:47,874 --> 00:25:49,842 TO RESEARCH ON NATURE AND 545 00:25:49,842 --> 00:25:52,144 TREATMENT METHODS OF DRUG 546 00:25:52,144 --> 00:25:55,848 ADDICTION AND REHABILITATION OF 547 00:25:55,848 --> 00:25:56,983 ADDICTS SPREAD INFORMATION ABOUT 548 00:25:56,983 --> 00:25:59,051 TREATMENT AND RESEARCH. 549 00:25:59,051 --> 00:26:01,120 WORK WITH THE STATE AND 550 00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:04,056 COMMUNITY IN MAINTAINING 551 00:26:04,056 --> 00:26:05,391 FACILITY FOR THE TREATMENT AND 552 00:26:05,391 --> 00:26:07,894 CARE OF ADDICTS AND PREPARED 553 00:26:07,894 --> 00:26:09,996 MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC 554 00:26:09,996 --> 00:26:12,298 TREATMENTS IN FEDERAL PRISONS. 555 00:26:12,298 --> 00:26:14,567 IT ALSO PLAYED A ROLE IN 556 00:26:14,567 --> 00:26:16,235 INVESTIGATING THE PROCESS OF 557 00:26:16,235 --> 00:26:19,572 SPREAD OF NEUROSIS AND PSYCHOSIS 558 00:26:19,572 --> 00:26:21,507 AS WELL AS THE METHODS FOR 559 00:26:21,507 --> 00:26:24,443 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 560 00:26:24,443 --> 00:26:29,181 IN 1938, BARNES COLE WHO WAS 561 00:26:29,181 --> 00:26:31,317 KNOWN AS THE AUTHORITY ON DRUG 562 00:26:31,317 --> 00:26:33,185 RESEARCH AND TREATMENT WAS THE 563 00:26:33,185 --> 00:26:36,455 HEAD OF THE DIVISION OF MENTAL 564 00:26:36,455 --> 00:26:39,992 HYGIENE CAME TO THE POOR AND 565 00:26:39,992 --> 00:26:44,497 SERVED AS THE LEADER AND THEN 566 00:26:44,497 --> 00:26:47,433 HAD A SUCCESSOR IN 1944. 567 00:26:47,433 --> 00:26:50,169 HOWEVER, FROM 1939 WHEN THE 568 00:26:50,169 --> 00:26:52,038 DEVASTATION OF THE WAR HIT 569 00:26:52,038 --> 00:26:54,106 EUROPE, THE UNITED STATES HAD TO 570 00:26:54,106 --> 00:26:54,807 CONSIDER PARTICIPATING IN THE 571 00:26:54,807 --> 00:26:55,441 WAR. 572 00:26:55,441 --> 00:27:02,448 IN LINE WITH THE ROOSEVELT 573 00:27:02,448 --> 00:27:04,850 GOVERNMENT, THE FUTURE WAR WAS 574 00:27:04,850 --> 00:27:08,788 TO SAY GOOD-BYE TO NON-SCIENCE 575 00:27:08,788 --> 00:27:11,958 WHICH WAS UNPREDICATED IN THE 576 00:27:11,958 --> 00:27:13,159 PREVIOUS WAR. 577 00:27:13,159 --> 00:27:15,328 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE 578 00:27:15,328 --> 00:27:17,430 OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND 579 00:27:17,430 --> 00:27:21,267 DEVELOPMENT, OSRD, IN 1941 WAS 580 00:27:21,267 --> 00:27:22,902 LIKE SIGNALING THAT THE 581 00:27:22,902 --> 00:27:25,037 SITUATION DURING AND AFTER WORLD 582 00:27:25,037 --> 00:27:26,172 WAR II WOULD BE COMPLETELY 583 00:27:26,172 --> 00:27:34,714 DIFFERENT FROM BEFORE. 584 00:27:34,714 --> 00:27:37,783 AS I MENTIONED PREVIOUSLY, 585 00:27:37,783 --> 00:27:41,053 FELIX'S HISTORY ALLOWS TO US 586 00:27:41,053 --> 00:27:42,588 PRESUME WHY HE WAS THE FIRST 587 00:27:42,588 --> 00:27:47,193 DIRECTOR OF THE NATIO NATIONAL 588 00:27:47,193 --> 00:27:49,795 INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH WHICH 589 00:27:49,795 --> 00:27:51,864 WOULD HAVE POLICY AFTER WORLD 590 00:27:51,864 --> 00:27:52,565 WAR II. 591 00:27:52,565 --> 00:27:54,867 MANY PEOPLE IN THE POST CAR 592 00:27:54,867 --> 00:27:57,069 PSYCHIATRY THOUGHT THAT THE 593 00:27:57,069 --> 00:28:00,106 DISCIPLINE SHOULD PLAY AN STNDED 594 00:28:00,106 --> 00:28:01,640 ROLE DIFFERENT FROM BEFORE. 595 00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:03,376 BUT THERE WAS DIVISION ON THE 596 00:28:03,376 --> 00:28:05,578 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 597 00:28:05,578 --> 00:28:08,047 STARTING FROM WORLD WA WORLD WA, 598 00:28:08,047 --> 00:28:10,383 VOICES CALLING FOR EXPANDING THE 599 00:28:10,383 --> 00:28:13,686 ROLE OF PSYCHIATRY WERE -- 600 00:28:13,686 --> 00:28:17,823 CENTERED ON THE AMERICAN 601 00:28:17,823 --> 00:28:21,093 PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. 602 00:28:21,093 --> 00:28:23,195 THIS DEBATE REPRESENTED A 603 00:28:23,195 --> 00:28:24,630 DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN THOSE WHO 604 00:28:24,630 --> 00:28:26,799 WERE TRAINED IN THE STATE 605 00:28:26,799 --> 00:28:27,700 PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL SYSTEM 606 00:28:27,700 --> 00:28:31,537 BEFORE THE 1940s AND THOSE WHO 607 00:28:31,537 --> 00:28:34,373 WERE NEWLY DEPLOYED DURING WORLD 608 00:28:34,373 --> 00:28:36,575 WAR II. 609 00:28:36,575 --> 00:28:38,411 HOWEVER, BECAUSE THE NUMBER OF 610 00:28:38,411 --> 00:28:42,448 DOCTORS WHO WORKED BEFORE WORLD 611 00:28:42,448 --> 00:28:44,650 WAR II WAS ALMOST THE SAME AS 612 00:28:44,650 --> 00:28:45,951 THE DOCTORS WHO WERE PUT INTO 613 00:28:45,951 --> 00:28:47,053 THE WAR FRONT. 614 00:28:47,053 --> 00:28:50,122 THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT IN 615 00:28:50,122 --> 00:28:53,059 PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 616 00:28:53,059 --> 00:28:56,362 DEPEND MORE ON NEWLY -- DEPENDED 617 00:28:56,362 --> 00:28:59,632 MORE ON NEWLY-TRAINED DOCTORS. 618 00:28:59,632 --> 00:29:04,370 THEY ACTIVELY TRIED TO USE 619 00:29:04,370 --> 00:29:08,407 PSYCHO DYNAMIC THEORY TO EXTEND 620 00:29:08,407 --> 00:29:09,608 THEIR POWER. 621 00:29:09,608 --> 00:29:12,078 AND STAFF WHO WERE FAMILIAR WITH 622 00:29:12,078 --> 00:29:13,946 THE HOSPITAL SYSTEM WERE AGAINST 623 00:29:13,946 --> 00:29:14,814 THIS TREND. 624 00:29:14,814 --> 00:29:17,083 HOWEVER, BY NUMBERS, ABOUT HALF 625 00:29:17,083 --> 00:29:20,686 OF THE ASSOCIATION'S APA MEMBERS 626 00:29:20,686 --> 00:29:24,190 SEEMED TO HAVE AGREED TO EXTEND 627 00:29:24,190 --> 00:29:25,624 THE PSYCHIATRIC DIEMENT AND 628 00:29:25,624 --> 00:29:27,560 EXPAND THEIR INFLUENCE AND A 629 00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:32,932 WATER EVER THE MEMBERS FIRMLY 630 00:29:32,932 --> 00:29:35,434 EXPRESSED ANTIPATHY TO THIS. 631 00:29:35,434 --> 00:29:37,837 THE MANAGER WHO ROSE TO THE 632 00:29:37,837 --> 00:29:41,073 HIGHEST RANK WHO FOUGHT DURING 633 00:29:41,073 --> 00:29:44,210 WORLD WAR II LED THIS CHANGE. 634 00:29:44,210 --> 00:29:48,714 HE WAS THE MAIN SUPPORTER OF 635 00:29:48,714 --> 00:29:50,916 PSYCHO DYNAMIC THEORY AND WANTED 636 00:29:50,916 --> 00:29:54,053 TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT TO EXTEND 637 00:29:54,053 --> 00:29:56,689 THE AUTHORITY OF BRANCH OF 638 00:29:56,689 --> 00:30:03,028 PSYCHIATRY TRI BY ACHIEVING THIS 639 00:30:03,028 --> 00:30:04,563 TOGETHER. 640 00:30:04,563 --> 00:30:06,098 FELIX WAS DISTANT FROM THE 641 00:30:06,098 --> 00:30:07,399 ASSOCIATION'S DEBATE. 642 00:30:07,399 --> 00:30:10,703 WHEN THE APA BEGAN DEBATING WHAT 643 00:30:10,703 --> 00:30:12,538 ROLE THEY SHOULD PLAY AFTER THE 644 00:30:12,538 --> 00:30:14,940 WAR, FELIX HAD ALREADY PLANNED 645 00:30:14,940 --> 00:30:17,376 UNDER THE LEADERSHIP FL LAWRENCE 646 00:30:17,376 --> 00:30:20,880 COLE, HIS MACHINER TO, A 647 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:25,551 BLUEPRINT OF REGIMENTAL HEALTH. 648 00:30:25,551 --> 00:30:28,320 HE WAS PREPARING FOR A 649 00:30:28,320 --> 00:30:30,623 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS FOR THE 650 00:30:30,623 --> 00:30:32,925 NATIONAL ACT AT THE FEDERAL 651 00:30:32,925 --> 00:30:34,426 LEVEL WHICH FAILED ONCE BEFORE. 652 00:30:34,426 --> 00:30:37,530 THE DIVISION OF MENTAL HYGIENE, 653 00:30:37,530 --> 00:30:40,466 WHICH WAS CREATED IN 1930 UNDER 654 00:30:40,466 --> 00:30:43,402 THE INFLUENCE OF THE MENTAL HIGH 655 00:30:43,402 --> 00:30:46,639 JOAN MOVEMENT IN THE EARLY 19 PT 656 00:30:46,639 --> 00:30:48,474 CENTURY WAS UNPRECEDENTED IN 657 00:30:48,474 --> 00:30:50,376 SCALE AT THE TIME BUT IT WAS 658 00:30:50,376 --> 00:30:51,877 PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR DRUG 659 00:30:51,877 --> 00:30:53,078 ADDICTION. 660 00:30:53,078 --> 00:30:56,248 THOARP FOCUSED ON -- THEY WERE 661 00:30:56,248 --> 00:30:57,349 FOCUSINGED ON THAT. 662 00:30:57,349 --> 00:30:59,552 HOWEVER IN 18936 THE NATIONAL 663 00:30:59,552 --> 00:31:03,889 SURVEY COMMITTEE WAS LAUNCH 664 00:31:03,889 --> 00:31:06,759 ALONG WITH THE APA AND OTHER 665 00:31:06,759 --> 00:31:11,230 MAJOR MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS. 666 00:31:11,230 --> 00:31:13,332 THIS WAS BECAUSE THEY WERE AWARE 667 00:31:13,332 --> 00:31:16,302 OF THE POOR ENVIRONMENT OF 668 00:31:16,302 --> 00:31:18,370 MENTAL HOSPITALS AT THE TIME AND 669 00:31:18,370 --> 00:31:20,806 THERE WAS SOME CENSUS THAT THERE 670 00:31:20,806 --> 00:31:22,608 SHOULD BE FEDERAL ACTION TO 671 00:31:22,608 --> 00:31:26,679 IMPROVE THE SITUATION. 672 00:31:26,679 --> 00:31:33,819 II'M ALSO NOW STUDYING HIS PAPES 673 00:31:33,819 --> 00:31:39,491 AS WELL, COLE. 674 00:31:39,491 --> 00:31:41,026 IT WAS THOUGHT THAT THE 675 00:31:41,026 --> 00:31:42,561 INSTITUTIONS FOR BASIC RESEARCH 676 00:31:42,561 --> 00:31:48,634 SUCH AS NATIONAL CANCER 677 00:31:48,634 --> 00:31:51,870 INSTITUTE IN 1937 WERE NECESSARY 678 00:31:51,870 --> 00:31:54,473 TO IMPROVE MACHINE TALL HEALTH. 679 00:31:54,473 --> 00:31:56,909 COLE PLANNED TO CONDUCT MORE 680 00:31:56,909 --> 00:32:00,045 RESEARCH AND ESTABLISH AN 681 00:32:00,045 --> 00:32:02,381 INSTITUTE TO FUND STRATEGIC 682 00:32:02,381 --> 00:32:04,016 AREAS BUT IT WAS NOT REALIZED 683 00:32:04,016 --> 00:32:06,318 DUE TO THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR 684 00:32:06,318 --> 00:32:12,124 II. 685 00:32:12,124 --> 00:32:15,527 FELIX'S ROLE IN ENACTING MENTAL 686 00:32:15,527 --> 00:32:17,796 HEALTH LAWS SHORTLY AFTER THE 687 00:32:17,796 --> 00:32:19,898 WAR CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AS AN 688 00:32:19,898 --> 00:32:23,402 EXTENSION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH 689 00:32:23,402 --> 00:32:29,408 DEPARTMENT'S CONSISTENT EFFORTS. 690 00:32:29,408 --> 00:32:35,414 IN 1943 STUDY, INTEGRATED 691 00:32:35,414 --> 00:32:37,716 MEDICINE COLLEGE PROGRAM AT THE 692 00:32:37,716 --> 00:32:39,785 U.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY WHERE 693 00:32:39,785 --> 00:32:44,590 HE WAS SERVING, FOUR AUTHORS 694 00:32:44,590 --> 00:32:47,793 INCLUDING FELIX MEASURED WHETHER 695 00:32:47,793 --> 00:32:50,763 SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN PERFORMING 696 00:32:50,763 --> 00:32:53,465 THEIR DUTIES AS AN OFFICER WAS 697 00:32:53,465 --> 00:32:56,402 PREDICTABLE DURING A VARIETY OF 698 00:32:56,402 --> 00:33:02,441 METHODS INCLUDING IN-DEPTH 699 00:33:02,441 --> 00:33:03,309 TESTS. 700 00:33:03,309 --> 00:33:06,045 PERSONAL DATA SURVEYS AND GROUP 701 00:33:06,045 --> 00:33:07,146 PSYCHOLOGY TASKS. 702 00:33:07,146 --> 00:33:10,849 IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THIS 703 00:33:10,849 --> 00:33:14,787 COMPLEX TESTING METHOD ALLOWED 704 00:33:14,787 --> 00:33:19,391 THE POTENTIAL FOR SURVIVOR AND A 705 00:33:19,391 --> 00:33:22,995 DAP NATION GROUPS. 706 00:33:22,995 --> 00:33:25,197 ADAPTATION IN GROUPS. 707 00:33:25,197 --> 00:33:31,737 IIT SHOWS THAT FELIX WAS SOMEWHT 708 00:33:31,737 --> 00:33:33,172 DIFFERENT FROM CONVENTIONAL 709 00:33:33,172 --> 00:33:33,739 PSYCHIATRISTS. 710 00:33:33,739 --> 00:33:36,542 MANY PSYCHIATRISTS WHO SERVED AS 711 00:33:36,542 --> 00:33:39,078 MEDICAL OFFICERS DURING WORLD 712 00:33:39,078 --> 00:33:42,047 WAR II OFTEN DIRECTLY OBSERVED 713 00:33:42,047 --> 00:33:45,751 AND DEL DEALT WITH THE SYSTEMS F 714 00:33:45,751 --> 00:33:50,789 WAR LOSSES WHILE FELIX WAS 715 00:33:50,789 --> 00:33:53,092 CUTTING RESEARCH TO ESTABLISH 716 00:33:53,092 --> 00:33:54,727 NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH POLL 717 00:33:54,727 --> 00:33:55,494 SIGNIFICANCE. 718 00:33:55,494 --> 00:33:57,996 FELIX WAS STRUGGLING WITH 719 00:33:57,996 --> 00:34:02,601 FEDERAL MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES 720 00:34:02,601 --> 00:34:05,003 WHEREAS OTHER MENTAL HEALTH 721 00:34:05,003 --> 00:34:06,972 PROFESSIONALS HAD MADE EFFORTS 722 00:34:06,972 --> 00:34:10,242 TO IMPROVE THE STATUS OF 723 00:34:10,242 --> 00:34:12,878 PSYCHIATRY AS A MORE ACCEPTABLE 724 00:34:12,878 --> 00:34:14,546 DISCIPLINE TO MAINSTREAM 725 00:34:14,546 --> 00:34:19,251 MEDICINE. 726 00:34:19,251 --> 00:34:21,220 AFTER WORLD WAR II, MENTAL 727 00:34:21,220 --> 00:34:23,622 HEALTH TOOK ON A COMPLEECTLY 728 00:34:23,622 --> 00:34:24,390 DIFFERENT APPEARANCE AND 729 00:34:24,390 --> 00:34:25,791 DIRECTION. 730 00:34:25,791 --> 00:34:32,297 AS HISTORIAN GERALD ROBB NOTED, 731 00:34:32,297 --> 00:34:34,900 THE LONG LASTING PAIR TIME THAT 732 00:34:34,900 --> 00:34:37,202 WHOEVER HAD A MENTAL ILLNESS 733 00:34:37,202 --> 00:34:38,871 SHOULD GO TO A MENTAL HOSPITAL 734 00:34:38,871 --> 00:34:40,372 HAS CHANGED. 735 00:34:40,372 --> 00:34:42,975 ALTHOUGH THE ENVIRONMENT UNTIL 736 00:34:42,975 --> 00:34:46,812 MENTAL HOSPITALS IN THE 19TH 737 00:34:46,812 --> 00:34:48,781 CENTURY IS STILL CONSIDERED 738 00:34:48,781 --> 00:34:49,114 POOR. 739 00:34:49,114 --> 00:34:52,050 THEY WERE INSTITUTIONS THAT TOOK 740 00:34:52,050 --> 00:34:56,121 CARE OF PATIENTS WITH 741 00:34:56,121 --> 00:34:57,689 UNCONTROLLABLE SYSTEMS ON BEHALF 742 00:34:57,689 --> 00:34:59,124 OF THEIR FAMILIES OR 743 00:34:59,124 --> 00:34:59,925 COMMUNITIES. 744 00:34:59,925 --> 00:35:03,162 BASED ON THE HOSPITAL'S RECORDS, 745 00:35:03,162 --> 00:35:07,266 MOST OF THE PATIENTS WERE SENT 746 00:35:07,266 --> 00:35:09,168 BACK TO THEIR FAMILIES AFTER 747 00:35:09,168 --> 00:35:10,769 SPENDING SOME TIME IN THE 748 00:35:10,769 --> 00:35:12,671 HOSPITALS. 749 00:35:12,671 --> 00:35:16,708 THERE WAS NO REASON NOT TO SEND 750 00:35:16,708 --> 00:35:19,011 PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS TO 751 00:35:19,011 --> 00:35:20,646 THESE INSTITUTIONS. 752 00:35:20,646 --> 00:35:22,815 EVEN THOUGH SOME INSTITUTIONS 753 00:35:22,815 --> 00:35:24,883 SUFFERED FROM FINANCIAL 754 00:35:24,883 --> 00:35:27,186 PROBLEMS, THEY SHOWED A SHORTAGE 755 00:35:27,186 --> 00:35:29,922 OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL AND 756 00:35:29,922 --> 00:35:30,556 DETERIORATION OF THE 757 00:35:30,556 --> 00:35:31,790 ENVIRONMENT. 758 00:35:31,790 --> 00:35:34,960 THE SUPERINTENDENTS AND STAFF OF 759 00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:36,829 THE INSTITUTIONS THOUGHT THAT 760 00:35:36,829 --> 00:35:39,565 THOSE PROBLEMS WERE NOT 761 00:35:39,565 --> 00:35:40,999 UNSOLVABLE. 762 00:35:40,999 --> 00:35:42,634 THEY ORPHAN THOUGHT THAT 763 00:35:42,634 --> 00:35:46,705 FINANCIAL AND MANPOWER SHORTAGES 764 00:35:46,705 --> 00:35:49,341 COULD BE TEMPORARY SO THAT THE 765 00:35:49,341 --> 00:35:50,576 IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT 766 00:35:50,576 --> 00:35:55,547 WAS POSSIBLE ACCORDINGLY. 767 00:35:55,547 --> 00:36:00,986 HOWEVER, AS WE'VE SEEN 768 00:36:00,986 --> 00:36:02,654 DETERIORATING IN THE PSYCHIATRIC 769 00:36:02,654 --> 00:36:07,593 HOSPITALS IN THE EARLY 20TH 770 00:36:07,593 --> 00:36:12,197 CENTURY AND NEUROSIS FURTHER 771 00:36:12,197 --> 00:36:14,833 MADE THE SYSTEM INOPERABLE. 772 00:36:14,833 --> 00:36:17,903 PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM NEWERO 773 00:36:17,903 --> 00:36:21,507 PSYCHIATRIC STIM TOMORROWS 774 00:36:21,507 --> 00:36:24,443 INCLUDING WAR NEUROSIS WOULD NOT 775 00:36:24,443 --> 00:36:26,778 BE ACCOMMODATED IN AN 776 00:36:26,778 --> 00:36:27,980 ENVIRONMENT WAR TREATMENT 777 00:36:27,980 --> 00:36:30,082 EFFORTS WERE MAINLY FOCUSED ON 778 00:36:30,082 --> 00:36:30,816 PSYCHOSIS. 779 00:36:30,816 --> 00:36:33,452 FURTHER MORE, THERE WAS NO WAY 780 00:36:33,452 --> 00:36:37,289 TO EXPLAIN NEWERO PATHIC SYSTEMS 781 00:36:37,289 --> 00:36:47,900 CAUSED BY EXTREME - SITUATIONS. 782 00:36:48,700 --> 00:36:52,838 THOUGH NEEDED TO BE TREATMENTED 783 00:36:52,838 --> 00:37:00,479 IN PERSON TO CERTAIN WHICH WAS 784 00:37:00,479 --> 00:37:02,014 CLAIMED. 785 00:37:02,014 --> 00:37:05,284 THE NEW MENTAL HEALTH HAD TO GO 786 00:37:05,284 --> 00:37:06,652 IN A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT 787 00:37:06,652 --> 00:37:07,819 DIRECTION FROM THE SYSTEM. 788 00:37:07,819 --> 00:37:09,555 HOWEVER, IT WAS NOT ENOUGH TO 789 00:37:09,555 --> 00:37:11,623 DETERMINE THE NATIONAL MENTAL 790 00:37:11,623 --> 00:37:13,992 HEALTH POLICY SIMPLY BY GOING 791 00:37:13,992 --> 00:37:15,460 DIFFERENTLY FROM THE EXISTING 792 00:37:15,460 --> 00:37:16,128 SYSTEM. 793 00:37:16,128 --> 00:37:20,165 SINCE THE MID 20TH CENTURY, 794 00:37:20,165 --> 00:37:22,868 MENTAL HEALTH POLICYS HAD AIMED 795 00:37:22,868 --> 00:37:25,971 TO CREATE AND IN-DEPTH 796 00:37:25,971 --> 00:37:32,744 UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE. 797 00:37:32,744 --> 00:37:36,148 , THE NECESSITY FOR THE MEDICAL 798 00:37:36,148 --> 00:37:39,084 PERSONNEL AND THE CREATION OF AN 799 00:37:39,084 --> 00:37:39,785 ENVIRONMENT COMPLETE BY 800 00:37:39,785 --> 00:37:40,953 DIFFERENT FROM THE EXISTING 801 00:37:40,953 --> 00:37:42,154 SYSTEM. 802 00:37:42,154 --> 00:37:43,922 THEREFORE, THE NATIONAL MENTAL 803 00:37:43,922 --> 00:37:46,325 HEALTH ACT IN 1946 PRO 804 00:37:46,325 --> 00:37:48,927 INDIVIDUALED RESEARCH SUPPORT -- 805 00:37:48,927 --> 00:37:51,196 PROVIDED RESEARCH FOR THE CAUSE, 806 00:37:51,196 --> 00:37:53,632 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF 807 00:37:53,632 --> 00:37:55,167 PSYCHIATRIC BASED ON ESTABLISH 808 00:37:55,167 --> 00:37:57,569 THE OF RESEARCH INSTITUTE WITH 809 00:37:57,569 --> 00:37:59,204 HOSPITALS AND LABORATORIES 810 00:37:59,204 --> 00:38:02,941 CAPABLE OF CLINICAL TESTING, 811 00:38:02,941 --> 00:38:05,010 FOSTERING PROFESSIONALS CAPABLE 812 00:38:05,010 --> 00:38:07,512 FL SIMULTANEOUS RESEARCHING AND 813 00:38:07,512 --> 00:38:12,884 NURTURING PRS PEBLGHTIVE -- 814 00:38:12,884 --> 00:38:14,519 PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS FUNDED BY 815 00:38:14,519 --> 00:38:17,389 STATE GOVERNMENT TO EXPAND THE 816 00:38:17,389 --> 00:38:18,390 NATIONAL HEALTH FOUNDATION OF 817 00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:20,125 THE COMMUNITY. 818 00:38:20,125 --> 00:38:21,927 IF MENTAL HEALTH PATTERNS 819 00:38:21,927 --> 00:38:24,830 DEVELOPED AROUND THE OPERATION 820 00:38:24,830 --> 00:38:27,366 AND MAINTD OF STATE HOSPITALS BY 821 00:38:27,366 --> 00:38:28,867 1940, IT BECAME CLEAR THAT THE 822 00:38:28,867 --> 00:38:31,269 DIRECTION OF POST WAR MENTAL 823 00:38:31,269 --> 00:38:33,038 HEALTH POLICIES WAS 824 00:38:33,038 --> 00:38:35,207 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT. 825 00:38:35,207 --> 00:38:36,875 FELIX'S TESTIMONY AT THE 826 00:38:36,875 --> 00:38:41,680 THREE-DAY HEARINGS HELD IN 827 00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:46,485 SEPTEMBER 1945 AND 1946 828 00:38:46,485 --> 00:38:49,021 REPRESENTS THE VIEWS OF THE PHS, 829 00:38:49,021 --> 00:38:51,023 A HOUSE HEARING HELD IMMEDIATELY 830 00:38:51,023 --> 00:38:53,792 AFTER THE END OF THE WAR 831 00:38:53,792 --> 00:38:55,060 EMPHASIZED THAT THE HEALTH 832 00:38:55,060 --> 00:38:56,328 SYSTEM DURING THE WAR WAS 833 00:38:56,328 --> 00:38:57,763 TEMPORARY. 834 00:38:57,763 --> 00:39:03,802 HE EMPHASIZED A NEED TO REAND 835 00:39:03,802 --> 00:39:05,537 REEXAMINE THE MENTAL HEALTH 836 00:39:05,537 --> 00:39:06,605 SYSTEM NOTING THAT THE 837 00:39:06,605 --> 00:39:09,374 TRANSITION FROM WAR-TIME TO 838 00:39:09,374 --> 00:39:11,410 PEACE-TIME WAS NOT LIMITED TO 839 00:39:11,410 --> 00:39:11,677 VETERANS. 840 00:39:11,677 --> 00:39:14,379 IT WAS AN URGENT TASK TO 841 00:39:14,379 --> 00:39:15,881 DETERMINE WHETHER STATE OR 842 00:39:15,881 --> 00:39:17,115 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND 843 00:39:17,115 --> 00:39:18,884 PROFESSIONAL TRAINING 844 00:39:18,884 --> 00:39:20,952 INSTITUTIONS WERE PREPARED TO 845 00:39:20,952 --> 00:39:22,587 ACCEPT NEW CHANGES. 846 00:39:22,587 --> 00:39:25,123 AFTER THESE PREPARATIONS WERE 847 00:39:25,123 --> 00:39:27,325 COMPLETED, IT WAS PLANNED TO 848 00:39:27,325 --> 00:39:29,428 ALLOW MEDICAL STUDENTS TO 849 00:39:29,428 --> 00:39:31,029 RECEIVE BASIC PSYCHIATRIC 850 00:39:31,029 --> 00:39:32,197 TRAINING. 851 00:39:32,197 --> 00:39:37,803 THIS WAS THE FIRST LINE EVER --E 852 00:39:37,803 --> 00:39:41,973 OF DEFENSE WHICH MEANT GIVING 853 00:39:41,973 --> 00:39:43,542 GENERAL PRACTITIONERS 854 00:39:43,542 --> 00:39:46,011 INFORMATION OR TRAINING TO 855 00:39:46,011 --> 00:39:51,817 DETECT VARIOUS SYMPTOMS. 856 00:39:51,817 --> 00:39:54,219 SO IT WAS MENTIONED THAT 857 00:39:54,219 --> 00:40:01,126 HOSPITALS WERE EMPTY SEATS 858 00:40:01,126 --> 00:40:02,094 ACCOUNTED FOR TWO-THIRDS. 859 00:40:02,094 --> 00:40:03,528 IT WAS ARGUED THAT OTHER 860 00:40:03,528 --> 00:40:05,931 INSTITUTIONS THAT CAN BE TRAINED 861 00:40:05,931 --> 00:40:07,766 SHOULD BE INCREASED. 862 00:40:07,766 --> 00:40:12,170 AND MENTAL HEALTH MEDICAL 863 00:40:12,170 --> 00:40:13,438 PERSONNEL SHOULD BE EXPANDED AS 864 00:40:13,438 --> 00:40:17,609 SOON AS POSSIBLE. 865 00:40:17,609 --> 00:40:21,546 THROUGH SHORT TERM TRAINING OR 866 00:40:21,546 --> 00:40:24,649 LOW INTENSITY TRAINING UNDER THE 867 00:40:24,649 --> 00:40:26,051 SUPERVISION OF PROFESSIONAL 868 00:40:26,051 --> 00:40:28,353 MANPOWER. 869 00:40:28,353 --> 00:40:33,291 AFELIX PREPARED A DOCUMENT TO 870 00:40:33,291 --> 00:40:36,661 WATCH THE SITUATION ALREADY. 871 00:40:36,661 --> 00:40:38,430 VOICES OF GREAT OPPOSITION TO 872 00:40:38,430 --> 00:40:44,336 THE URGENCY WERE NOT GAINING 873 00:40:44,336 --> 00:40:47,906 STRENGTH, BUT FELIX REMAINED 874 00:40:47,906 --> 00:40:53,979 CAUTIOUS UNTIL THE END. 875 00:40:53,979 --> 00:40:58,016 THE BLUEPRINTS WERE 876 00:40:58,016 --> 00:41:03,155 WELL-CONTAINED AND EMPHASIZED 877 00:41:03,155 --> 00:41:07,325 THE NEED FOR MORE MANPOWER. 878 00:41:07,325 --> 00:41:08,593 SINCE TRAIN WAS NOT POSSIBLE IN 879 00:41:08,593 --> 00:41:10,529 A SHORT SOMETIME, IT HAD TO 880 00:41:10,529 --> 00:41:12,030 PROCEED QUICKLY. 881 00:41:12,030 --> 00:41:16,835 EXPANDING MANPOWER WAS AN WE 882 00:41:16,835 --> 00:41:24,743 VEREQUISITE. 883 00:41:24,743 --> 00:41:28,146 HE MENTIONED THAT THE NUMBER OF 884 00:41:28,146 --> 00:41:29,681 FACULTY MEMBERS SHOULD BE 885 00:41:29,681 --> 00:41:31,650 INCREASED IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND 886 00:41:31,650 --> 00:41:33,385 ADDITIONAL TRAINING CENTERS 887 00:41:33,385 --> 00:41:35,187 INCLUDING HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL 888 00:41:35,187 --> 00:41:40,892 SCHOOLS AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL 889 00:41:40,892 --> 00:41:42,727 SCHOOLS SHOULD BE INCREASED. 890 00:41:42,727 --> 00:41:44,629 HE EMPHASIZED THAT THE STANDARDS 891 00:41:44,629 --> 00:41:46,998 FOR ESTABLISHING ELD KEATION AND 892 00:41:46,998 --> 00:41:48,867 INSTITUTIONS HAD ALREADY BEEN 893 00:41:48,867 --> 00:41:49,334 ESTABLISHED. 894 00:41:49,334 --> 00:41:51,937 SO IT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED 895 00:41:51,937 --> 00:41:55,774 IMMEDIATELY, HE THOUGHT IT WAS 896 00:41:55,774 --> 00:41:59,277 USELESS TO SET UP CLINICS AND 897 00:41:59,277 --> 00:42:00,245 INCREASE MENTAL HOSPITALS 898 00:42:00,245 --> 00:42:07,485 WITHOUT ADEQUATE MANPOWER FOR 899 00:42:07,485 --> 00:42:07,752 EXTENSION. 900 00:42:07,752 --> 00:42:10,455 IT WAS A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS 901 00:42:10,455 --> 00:42:11,756 FOR HIM. 902 00:42:11,756 --> 00:42:13,625 IT WOULD HAVE BEEN HOSPITAL TO 903 00:42:13,625 --> 00:42:15,894 EXTEND THE FIELD EVER RESEARCH 904 00:42:15,894 --> 00:42:18,864 IF MORE PSYCHIATRIST'S COULD BE 905 00:42:18,864 --> 00:42:19,497 TRAIN. 906 00:42:19,497 --> 00:42:21,366 FELIX POINTED OUT THAT THE 907 00:42:21,366 --> 00:42:23,134 IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSES OF 908 00:42:23,134 --> 00:42:24,336 MENTAL ILLNESS UP TO THAT POINT 909 00:42:24,336 --> 00:42:25,637 WAS POOR. 910 00:42:25,637 --> 00:42:29,241 HE THOUGHT THAT RESEARCH TO 911 00:42:29,241 --> 00:42:32,410 EXAMINE THE INNATE KRIK TRIS 912 00:42:32,410 --> 00:42:34,512 PARTICULARS OF MEN TAM ILLNESS 913 00:42:34,512 --> 00:42:36,781 SHOULD BE CONDUCTED FIRST. 914 00:42:36,781 --> 00:42:41,720 THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO 915 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:45,023 EXPLORE THE FUNCTIONAL TYPES 916 00:42:45,023 --> 00:42:48,593 SUCH AS DIET AND NUTRITION. 917 00:42:48,593 --> 00:42:51,696 MECHANISMS OF THE AUTONOMY 918 00:42:51,696 --> 00:42:53,999 NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CONDITION 919 00:42:53,999 --> 00:42:56,301 REFLECTION, FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS 920 00:42:56,301 --> 00:42:58,270 BRAIN REGIONS AND ELECTRIC 921 00:42:58,270 --> 00:42:59,437 MOVEMENT IN THE BRAIN. 922 00:42:59,437 --> 00:43:01,339 IN ADDITION, THAT WAS THOUGHT 923 00:43:01,339 --> 00:43:07,145 THAT THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS 924 00:43:07,145 --> 00:43:11,483 CAUSES MUST BE STOOD FROM THE 925 00:43:11,483 --> 00:43:13,885 PERSPECTIVE OF THE DYNAMICS OF 926 00:43:13,885 --> 00:43:15,186 MENTAL ILLNESS. 927 00:43:15,186 --> 00:43:17,722 THROUGH THIS, HE ARGUED THAT 928 00:43:17,722 --> 00:43:18,990 CASE DISCOVERY TECHNIQUES THAT 929 00:43:18,990 --> 00:43:21,459 CAN BE APPLIED TO MANY PEOPLE 930 00:43:21,459 --> 00:43:22,527 SHOULD BE DEVELOPED. 931 00:43:22,527 --> 00:43:25,397 THE DIRECTION OF THIS STUDY WAS 932 00:43:25,397 --> 00:43:27,232 ULTIMATELY ONE OF THE BASIC 933 00:43:27,232 --> 00:43:28,667 TASKS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH. 934 00:43:28,667 --> 00:43:33,071 IN PARTICULAR, IDENTIFYING HOW 935 00:43:33,071 --> 00:43:37,776 THE DISEASE ITS SELF DEVELOPS 936 00:43:37,776 --> 00:43:42,347 AND RATHER THAN DEVELOPS IN AN 937 00:43:42,347 --> 00:43:43,648 INDIVIDUAL SPECIFIC SITUATION 938 00:43:43,648 --> 00:43:45,850 WAS ESSENTIAL TO THE HEALTH 939 00:43:45,850 --> 00:43:47,152 PROMOTION PLAN FOR THE GROUP. 940 00:43:47,152 --> 00:43:49,688 IN ADDITION, FINDING OUT THE 941 00:43:49,688 --> 00:43:50,789 MECHANISM OF THE DISEASE WAS 942 00:43:50,789 --> 00:43:53,925 ONLY POSSIBLE WHEN IT WAS 943 00:43:53,925 --> 00:43:56,227 POSSIBLE TO SPECIFY THE INITIAL 944 00:43:56,227 --> 00:43:59,197 STAGE AND DETERMINE WHAT 945 00:43:59,197 --> 00:44:00,098 MEASURES WERE POSSIBLE. 946 00:44:00,098 --> 00:44:02,500 THE PLAN TO INTERFERE WITH THE 947 00:44:02,500 --> 00:44:04,336 PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE AS 948 00:44:04,336 --> 00:44:06,538 MUCH AS POSSIBLE THROUGH 949 00:44:06,538 --> 00:44:09,474 PREVENTION AND INITIAL 950 00:44:09,474 --> 00:44:12,110 INTERVENTION WAS AN URGENT 951 00:44:12,110 --> 00:44:14,412 REQUISITE FOR THE TRANSITION 952 00:44:14,412 --> 00:44:16,748 TOMORROW COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE. 953 00:44:16,748 --> 00:44:20,552 IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO ESTIMATE 954 00:44:20,552 --> 00:44:22,187 THAT CLINICS OR HOSPITALS 955 00:44:22,187 --> 00:44:23,355 ESTABLISHED IN THE COMMUNITY 956 00:44:23,355 --> 00:44:25,156 WILL BE ABLE TO FUNCTION 957 00:44:25,156 --> 00:44:29,427 PROPERLY ONLY AFTER THESE 958 00:44:29,427 --> 00:44:31,429 THINGS, IT PRESENTED A BLUEPRINT 959 00:44:31,429 --> 00:44:35,567 FOR EXPANDING OUTPATIENT CLINICS 960 00:44:35,567 --> 00:44:45,710 IIN THE HOSPITALS TO TO -- 961 00:44:45,710 --> 00:44:48,446 COMMUNITY CLINICS MUST BE EASILY 962 00:44:48,446 --> 00:44:50,315 ACCESSIBLE TO ANYONE AND 963 00:44:50,315 --> 00:44:51,850 IN-PATIENTS WERE CONSIDERED TO 964 00:44:51,850 --> 00:44:55,153 MANAGE THEM AFTER EARLY 965 00:44:55,153 --> 00:44:57,856 DISCHARGE IF FOLLOW-UP TREATMENT 966 00:44:57,856 --> 00:44:59,958 SERVICES THROUGH THE CLINIC WERE 967 00:44:59,958 --> 00:45:00,291 POSSIBLE. 968 00:45:00,291 --> 00:45:02,894 THIS WAS A WAY TO IMPROVE THE 969 00:45:02,894 --> 00:45:06,097 EFFICIENCY OF MENTAL HEALTH 970 00:45:06,097 --> 00:45:08,266 HOSPITALS THAT HAD CONSIDERABLE 971 00:45:08,266 --> 00:45:12,771 FINANCES AT THE TIME. 972 00:45:12,771 --> 00:45:15,607 TO CONCLUDE, DR. FELIX'S EFFORT 973 00:45:15,607 --> 00:45:21,413 ON NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH 974 00:45:21,413 --> 00:45:24,382 REPRESENTS AN ASPECT OF MOTOR 975 00:45:24,382 --> 00:45:25,884 CONTROL IN MOST WAR AMERICA TO 976 00:45:25,884 --> 00:45:26,985 ME. 977 00:45:26,985 --> 00:45:29,254 LOOKING AT THE ESTABLISHMENT IN 978 00:45:29,254 --> 00:45:33,558 OPERATION OF NLM FROM 1949, WE 979 00:45:33,558 --> 00:45:35,493 CAN SEE THAT THE GOAL OF THE 980 00:45:35,493 --> 00:45:38,296 FEDERAL POLICY WAS TO PENETRATE 981 00:45:38,296 --> 00:45:39,931 EVERY DAY LIFE IN ALL 982 00:45:39,931 --> 00:45:40,532 DIRECTIONS. 983 00:45:40,532 --> 00:45:42,500 THIS IF YOU DIRECTION OF MENTAL 984 00:45:42,500 --> 00:45:45,904 HEALTH POLICY AFTER WORLD WAR II 985 00:45:45,904 --> 00:45:49,107 SIFTED THE CENTRAL POINT OF 986 00:45:49,107 --> 00:45:52,677 CONTROL THAT WAS UBIQUITOUS BY 987 00:45:52,677 --> 00:45:55,313 CHOOSING TO INFILTRATE 988 00:45:55,313 --> 00:45:55,613 COMMUNITIES. 989 00:45:55,613 --> 00:45:57,715 IN OTHER WORDS, UNLIKE THE 990 00:45:57,715 --> 00:45:59,250 EXISTING CONTROL METHOD. 991 00:45:59,250 --> 00:46:02,754 IT WAS A WAY TO PREVENT THE 992 00:46:02,754 --> 00:46:05,256 MENTAL HEALTH OF THE COUNTRY TO 993 00:46:05,256 --> 00:46:11,830 DEVELOPING DISEASE AND DEFEND 994 00:46:11,830 --> 00:46:13,131 AGAINST MINOR PROBLEMS. 995 00:46:13,131 --> 00:46:16,401 MY POINT OF VIEW IS MORE 996 00:46:16,401 --> 00:46:17,936 ACCUSTOMED TO THE AUTHORITARIAN 997 00:46:17,936 --> 00:46:19,037 SYSTEMS OF THE STATE. 998 00:46:19,037 --> 00:46:24,175 I DON'T KNOW. 999 00:46:24,175 --> 00:46:28,346 THIS ALL THE FILTRATION INTO THE 1000 00:46:28,346 --> 00:46:30,648 COMMUNITY MEANT DECENTRALIZE. 1001 00:46:30,648 --> 00:46:33,718 CONTROL WITH CENTRALIZE FEDERAL 1002 00:46:33,718 --> 00:46:34,152 FUNDING. 1003 00:46:34,152 --> 00:46:35,353 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1004 00:46:35,353 --> 00:46:37,555 THIS IS IT. 1005 00:46:37,555 --> 00:46:39,057 >> DR. LEE, THANK YOU VERY MUCH 1006 00:46:39,057 --> 00:46:41,626 FOR YOUR TALK. 1007 00:46:41,626 --> 00:46:42,927 FASCINATING. 1008 00:46:42,927 --> 00:46:45,530 SEVERAL QUESTIONS WE'VE RECEIVED 1009 00:46:45,530 --> 00:46:50,135 AND I'D LIKE TO BEGIN WITH A 1010 00:46:50,135 --> 00:46:53,238 VERY BROAD ONE. 1011 00:46:53,238 --> 00:46:54,405 MANY HAVE WRITTEN IN THIS THANK 1012 00:46:54,405 --> 00:46:56,808 YOU FOR YOUR TALK, OF COURSE. 1013 00:46:56,808 --> 00:46:58,910 THE BROADER QUESTION IS TO WHAT 1014 00:46:58,910 --> 00:47:01,846 EXTENT IF AT ALL AND THE 1015 00:47:01,846 --> 00:47:03,481 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL 1016 00:47:03,481 --> 00:47:05,483 FACTORS AS YOU DESCRIBE REFLECT 1017 00:47:05,483 --> 00:47:07,752 THE BEGINNINGS OF WHAT WE CALL 1018 00:47:07,752 --> 00:47:10,155 TODAY THE "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 1019 00:47:10,155 --> 00:47:11,256 OF HEALTH." 1020 00:47:11,256 --> 00:47:13,124 ANY THOUGHTS ON THAT? 1021 00:47:13,124 --> 00:47:15,193 >> ENVIRONMENT, I GUESS I'M 1022 00:47:15,193 --> 00:47:17,495 STRUGGLING WITH THE CONCEPT OF 1023 00:47:17,495 --> 00:47:21,432 THIS ONE NOW. 1024 00:47:21,432 --> 00:47:29,774 I THINK I MIGHT JUST GENERATE MY 1025 00:47:29,774 --> 00:47:30,542 MEMORY. 1026 00:47:30,542 --> 00:47:33,378 ENVIRONMENTAL. 1027 00:47:33,378 --> 00:47:38,950 II THINK IT'S EARLY 20TH CENTURY 1028 00:47:38,950 --> 00:47:46,391 OR A FREUD FREUDIAN ERA. 1029 00:47:46,391 --> 00:47:48,026 1920s IN THE U.S. 1030 00:47:48,026 --> 00:47:51,729 ENVIRONMENT MEANT THAT SOME SORT 1031 00:47:51,729 --> 00:47:57,535 OF -- LIKE THE CHARACTER -- EGO 1032 00:47:57,535 --> 00:47:59,837 DEVELOPMENT OR CHARACTER 1033 00:47:59,837 --> 00:48:03,007 DEVELOPMENT OR DEALING WITH SOME 1034 00:48:03,007 --> 00:48:04,776 SORT OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT. 1035 00:48:04,776 --> 00:48:09,614 IT WAS MORE LIKE A FIRST 1036 00:48:09,614 --> 00:48:11,583 CAREGIVER AND ME. 1037 00:48:11,583 --> 00:48:15,220 THEY'RE GOING TO -- INTERACTING 1038 00:48:15,220 --> 00:48:18,022 WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH THAT 1039 00:48:18,022 --> 00:48:19,224 PROCESS SOMEONE ACTUALLY WAS 1040 00:48:19,224 --> 00:48:20,692 SHAPED. 1041 00:48:20,692 --> 00:48:22,727 OR SOMEONE'S CHARACTER WAS 1042 00:48:22,727 --> 00:48:24,395 SHAPED THROUGH THAT PROCESS. 1043 00:48:24,395 --> 00:48:28,566 SO I GUESS IN THE INITIAL STAGE 1044 00:48:28,566 --> 00:48:30,902 OF THE PSYCHE ANALYTIC THOUGHT, 1045 00:48:30,902 --> 00:48:38,643 THE ENVIRONMENT WAS MORE LIKE AN 1046 00:48:38,643 --> 00:48:41,512 ABJECT RELATION THEORY WAS SOME 1047 00:48:41,512 --> 00:48:44,148 PART OF THE FORMATION OF THE 1048 00:48:44,148 --> 00:48:44,882 CHARACTER THAT WAS THE 1049 00:48:44,882 --> 00:48:45,817 ENVIRONMENT. 1050 00:48:45,817 --> 00:48:47,852 LIKE YOU ARE FAMILY AND SOME 1051 00:48:47,852 --> 00:48:49,387 SORT OF -- THE BOOK THAT YOU 1052 00:48:49,387 --> 00:48:51,155 READ OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 1053 00:48:51,155 --> 00:48:54,626 BUT THEN, I THINK AFTER WORLD 1054 00:48:54,626 --> 00:48:58,696 WAR II, THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR 1055 00:48:58,696 --> 00:49:02,533 WAS MORE LIKE EXPANDED TO AN 1056 00:49:02,533 --> 00:49:07,672 EXTERNAL STRESS OR EXTREME 1057 00:49:07,672 --> 00:49:08,206 ANXIETIES. 1058 00:49:08,206 --> 00:49:10,942 AT THE TIME THEY FELT SOME SORT 1059 00:49:10,942 --> 00:49:12,377 OF VERY DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE. 1060 00:49:12,377 --> 00:49:15,113 THEY FELT AND THEY EXPERIENCED 1061 00:49:15,113 --> 00:49:18,149 THERE SOME SORT OF VERY EXTREME 1062 00:49:18,149 --> 00:49:19,284 FEELINGS OF SOMETHING. 1063 00:49:19,284 --> 00:49:26,924 SO I THOUGHT IT WAS IDEAL TO -- 1064 00:49:26,924 --> 00:49:29,661 I NEED TO HAVE MORE CLEAR 1065 00:49:29,661 --> 00:49:31,729 CLASSIFICATION OR DEFINITION OF 1066 00:49:31,729 --> 00:49:36,434 THE ENVIRONMENT, BUT I NOW JUST 1067 00:49:36,434 --> 00:49:38,636 BRIEFLY, I COULD DRAW THE LINE 1068 00:49:38,636 --> 00:49:41,706 BETWEEN THOSE ENVIRONMENTAL OR 1069 00:49:41,706 --> 00:49:42,907 ENVIRONMENT, THE CONCEPT OF THE 1070 00:49:42,907 --> 00:49:43,274 ENVIRONMENT. 1071 00:49:43,274 --> 00:49:43,574 >> SURE. 1072 00:49:43,574 --> 00:49:45,977 AND YOU'VE DN AN EXCELLENT JOB 1073 00:49:45,977 --> 00:49:48,246 IN THAT REGARD. 1074 00:49:48,246 --> 00:49:49,747 THE TRAJECTORY FROM THE INTERNAL 1075 00:49:49,747 --> 00:49:50,815 TO THE EXTERNAL. 1076 00:49:50,815 --> 00:49:53,518 THANK YOU, THAT'S VERY GOOD. 1077 00:49:53,518 --> 00:49:56,020 APPRECIATE THE QUESTION. 1078 00:49:56,020 --> 00:49:57,789 SOMEONE ELSE WRITES IN, THANK 1079 00:49:57,789 --> 00:50:00,892 YOU FOR YOUR RESEARCH INTO DR. 1080 00:50:00,892 --> 00:50:02,827 FELIX AND THE AMERICAN MENTAL 1081 00:50:02,827 --> 00:50:03,695 HEALTH POLICIES. 1082 00:50:03,695 --> 00:50:06,431 THE QUO IS WAS THERE ANY FORMAL 1083 00:50:06,431 --> 00:50:08,599 EVALUATION OFFER THE 1084 00:50:08,599 --> 00:50:09,801 EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHIATRIC 1085 00:50:09,801 --> 00:50:11,936 TRAINING INTO MEDICAL SCHOOL. 1086 00:50:11,936 --> 00:50:16,074 WHEN DOCTORS THAT WENT INTO 1087 00:50:16,074 --> 00:50:21,212 PRACTICE INTO MEDICINE, DID IF 1088 00:50:21,212 --> 00:50:23,081 IMPROVE THEIR ABILITY TO REFER 1089 00:50:23,081 --> 00:50:24,716 PATIENTS TO MENTAL HEALTH 1090 00:50:24,716 --> 00:50:25,950 SPECIAL CYSTS? 1091 00:50:25,950 --> 00:50:27,919 >> IT'S A DIFFICULT QUESTION FOR 1092 00:50:27,919 --> 00:50:28,886 ME. 1093 00:50:28,886 --> 00:50:32,290 AS A HISTORIAN, NOT A DOCTOR. 1094 00:50:32,290 --> 00:50:33,925 SO I'M NOT REALLY SURE ABOUT 1095 00:50:33,925 --> 00:50:38,496 THAT. 1096 00:50:38,496 --> 00:50:40,465 REFERRING TO WORLD WAR II AS I 1097 00:50:40,465 --> 00:50:46,070 KNKNOW, THERE ARE A BUNCH OF 1098 00:50:46,070 --> 00:50:48,439 PHYSICIANS THAT TRAIN RESIDENTS 1099 00:50:48,439 --> 00:50:52,076 OR SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR MAYBE 1100 00:50:52,076 --> 00:50:54,278 TWO TO THREE WEEKS OR A MONTH, 1101 00:50:54,278 --> 00:50:56,481 THEN THEY JUST GOT INTO THE WAR 1102 00:50:56,481 --> 00:51:03,621 FRONT OR SOME SORT OF ARMIES AND 1103 00:51:03,621 --> 00:51:05,456 THINGS LIKE THAT. 1104 00:51:05,456 --> 00:51:06,791 THEY PROBABLY COULD RECOGNIZE 1105 00:51:06,791 --> 00:51:13,998 THE SYMPTOMS OR EXTERNAL -- I 1106 00:51:13,998 --> 00:51:17,402 DON'T KNOW HOW DO YOU SAY, 1107 00:51:17,402 --> 00:51:19,303 SYMPTOMS AND SIGNALS. 1108 00:51:19,303 --> 00:51:21,239 THAT'S WHAT THEY DID ACTUALLY 1109 00:51:21,239 --> 00:51:24,976 DURING THE WORLD WORLD WAR II. 1110 00:51:24,976 --> 00:51:27,912 DR. FELIX INCLUDING OTHER 1111 00:51:27,912 --> 00:51:32,183 SCRITSES, PSYCHIATRISTS, THEY FY 1112 00:51:32,183 --> 00:51:33,851 WERE NOT PREPARED FOR THAT SORT 1113 00:51:33,851 --> 00:51:34,819 OF SITUATION. 1114 00:51:34,819 --> 00:51:40,825 LIKE SO MANY PEOPLE SUFFERED 1115 00:51:40,825 --> 00:51:44,562 FROM LIKE NEUROTIC SYMPTOMS. 1116 00:51:44,562 --> 00:51:47,165 AT THE TIME NEUROTIC SYMPTOMS 1117 00:51:47,165 --> 00:51:49,567 WERE VISIBLE. 1118 00:51:49,567 --> 00:51:53,204 SOME I THOUGHT IT WAS -- THEY 1119 00:51:53,204 --> 00:51:56,040 WERE PROBABLY COME GUESS AND 1120 00:51:56,040 --> 00:51:58,443 ALSO WITH THEIR TRAINING, THEY 1121 00:51:58,443 --> 00:52:00,311 COULD TELL SOMETHING. 1122 00:52:00,311 --> 00:52:03,915 BUT I DON'T THINK IT'S PROPER 1123 00:52:03,915 --> 00:52:05,016 TRAINING TO BE REAL 1124 00:52:05,016 --> 00:52:05,550 PSYCHIATRISTS. 1125 00:52:05,550 --> 00:52:10,354 I THINK DURING THE TIME, BUT I 1126 00:52:10,354 --> 00:52:14,292 DON'T KNOW BEING A REAL 1127 00:52:14,292 --> 00:52:16,060 SPECIALIST OR MEDICAL 1128 00:52:16,060 --> 00:52:19,564 PROFESSION, OR JUST -- IT WAS MY 1129 00:52:19,564 --> 00:52:20,665 GUESS. 1130 00:52:20,665 --> 00:52:21,866 >> SURE. 1131 00:52:21,866 --> 00:52:22,533 >> TO UNDERSTAND. 1132 00:52:22,533 --> 00:52:24,268 >> THANK YOU. 1133 00:52:24,268 --> 00:52:27,438 HOW DID YOU BECOME -- I'M SORRY. 1134 00:52:27,438 --> 00:52:29,407 >> THAT'S FINE. 1135 00:52:29,407 --> 00:52:31,275 >> HOW DID YOU BECOME INTERESTED 1136 00:52:31,275 --> 00:52:33,444 IN FELIX AND THE BROADER SUBJECT 1137 00:52:33,444 --> 00:52:36,080 OF MENTAL HEALTH IN AMERICA? 1138 00:52:36,080 --> 00:52:37,515 >> Dr. Lee: ALL RIGHT. 1139 00:52:37,515 --> 00:52:41,786 AS YOU KNOW, MY DOCTORATE 1140 00:52:41,786 --> 00:52:44,489 DISSERTATION WAS ABOUT 1141 00:52:44,489 --> 00:52:45,289 PEDIATRICIANS. 1142 00:52:45,289 --> 00:52:48,759 THE MOST FAMOUS DR. SPOCK, 1143 00:52:48,759 --> 00:52:52,163 RIGHTS? 1144 00:52:52,163 --> 00:52:53,464 -- RIGHT? 1145 00:52:53,464 --> 00:52:56,534 SO I NATURALLY GOT INTO A 1146 00:52:56,534 --> 00:52:58,069 DISCIPLINE OF MEDICINE AND I WAS 1147 00:52:58,069 --> 00:53:01,038 MORE INTERESTED IN THE CONCEPT 1148 00:53:01,038 --> 00:53:01,906 OF SOMETHING. 1149 00:53:01,906 --> 00:53:04,642 I WAS PLEASED TO HAVE THAT FIRST 1150 00:53:04,642 --> 00:53:05,977 QUESTION, THE CONCEPT OF 1151 00:53:05,977 --> 00:53:07,912 ENVIRONMENT AND THEN THE 1152 00:53:07,912 --> 00:53:11,315 DEFINITION THAT I AM ALWAYS INTO 1153 00:53:11,315 --> 00:53:14,151 THAT KIND OF CONCEPT. 1154 00:53:14,151 --> 00:53:16,220 AND I GOT INTO THE CONCEPT OF 1155 00:53:16,220 --> 00:53:17,555 ADDICTION FIRST. 1156 00:53:17,555 --> 00:53:23,261 AND AS I MENTIONED, LAWRENCE 1157 00:53:23,261 --> 00:53:25,663 COLE, HE WAS A SPECIALIST FOR 1158 00:53:25,663 --> 00:53:26,464 ADDICTION. 1159 00:53:26,464 --> 00:53:33,170 AND I WAS ON WONDERING WHY DR. 1160 00:53:33,170 --> 00:53:39,777 FELIX WAS -- LAWRENCE COLE WALS 1161 00:53:39,777 --> 00:53:45,917 AWE PREDECESSOR -- LAWRENCE COLE 1162 00:53:45,917 --> 00:53:52,356 WAS A PREDECESSOR OF DR. FELIX. 1163 00:53:52,356 --> 00:53:54,258 LAWRENCE COLE WAS A PSYCHIATRIST 1164 00:53:54,258 --> 00:53:56,227 AS WELL, BUT THEN HE WAS A 1165 00:53:56,227 --> 00:53:58,362 SPECIALIST ON ADDICTION. 1166 00:53:58,362 --> 00:54:01,899 AND THEN I WAS JUST PUZZLING AT 1167 00:54:01,899 --> 00:54:05,536 WHAT IS KIND OF THE CONNECTION 1168 00:54:05,536 --> 00:54:08,773 BETWEEN THE ADDICTION SPECIALIST 1169 00:54:08,773 --> 00:54:11,876 AND THE PSYCHIATRIST. 1170 00:54:11,876 --> 00:54:15,012 PSYCHIATRISTS AT THE STATE 1171 00:54:15,012 --> 00:54:19,283 HOSPITAL, THEY GOT WITH THE 1172 00:54:19,283 --> 00:54:21,185 DRUGS. 1173 00:54:21,185 --> 00:54:25,089 PROBABLY THERE WERE SOME SORT OF 1174 00:54:25,089 --> 00:54:26,090 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THEIR 1175 00:54:26,090 --> 00:54:27,825 PROFESSION OR EVEN THEIR 1176 00:54:27,825 --> 00:54:29,093 RELATION. 1177 00:54:29,093 --> 00:54:35,833 BUT THEN I AM DIGGING IN WITH 1178 00:54:35,833 --> 00:54:38,869 THE CONCEPT EVER A DEKS AND 1179 00:54:38,869 --> 00:54:40,871 HOW -- CONCEPT OF ADDICTION AND 1180 00:54:40,871 --> 00:54:42,940 HOW HE PUT ADDICTION IN THE 1181 00:54:42,940 --> 00:54:44,809 ELEMENT OF PSYCHIATRY AS WELL. 1182 00:54:44,809 --> 00:54:48,779 HOW I GOT INTO DR. FELIX WAS AT 1183 00:54:48,779 --> 00:54:49,947 THAT POINT. 1184 00:54:49,947 --> 00:54:51,916 ACTUALLY THERE WAS A CONNECTION 1185 00:54:51,916 --> 00:54:53,751 BETWEEN LAWRENCE COLE WAS THE 1186 00:54:53,751 --> 00:54:54,318 FIRST. 1187 00:54:54,318 --> 00:54:57,822 AND THEN I FOUND FLEKS' PAPER, 1188 00:54:57,822 --> 00:55:01,092 OF COURSE COLE'S PAPER IS 1189 00:55:01,092 --> 00:55:03,427 ACTUALLY ON LINE. 1190 00:55:03,427 --> 00:55:05,296 I THOUGHT IT WAS INTERESTING TO 1191 00:55:05,296 --> 00:55:09,767 SEE ACTUALLY BOTH OF THEM. 1192 00:55:09,767 --> 00:55:10,101 >> RIGHT. 1193 00:55:10,101 --> 00:55:11,302 >> Dr. Lee: FROM PHS AND I 1194 00:55:11,302 --> 00:55:12,970 WANTED TO FIGURE OUT HOW THE 1195 00:55:12,970 --> 00:55:14,672 CONCEPT OF ADDICTION ACTUALLY 1196 00:55:14,672 --> 00:55:18,743 DEVELOPED INTO THIS PSYCHIATRIST 1197 00:55:18,743 --> 00:55:23,914 TERMS AND IT WAS UNTIL PART OF 1198 00:55:23,914 --> 00:55:27,852 THE PSYCHOPATHIC DISORDERS, 1199 00:55:27,852 --> 00:55:29,820 ACTUALLY, IN THE FIRST EDITION 1200 00:55:29,820 --> 00:55:31,689 OF THE DSM. 1201 00:55:31,689 --> 00:55:34,725 I GOT INTO ALL THOSE INTERESTING 1202 00:55:34,725 --> 00:55:36,260 THINGS. 1203 00:55:36,260 --> 00:55:37,061 >> VERY GOOD. 1204 00:55:37,061 --> 00:55:38,362 VERY GOOD. 1205 00:55:38,362 --> 00:55:41,666 GLAD THE LIBRARY COULD BE A 1206 00:55:41,666 --> 00:55:42,733 RESOURCE FOR YOU. 1207 00:55:42,733 --> 00:55:45,703 >> A LOT OF THINGS TO DO FOR ME. 1208 00:55:45,703 --> 00:55:47,772 >> SO, A COUPLE MORE QUESTIONS. 1209 00:55:47,772 --> 00:55:50,174 THANK YOU, AGAIN FOR THIS 1210 00:55:50,174 --> 00:55:52,143 EXCELLENT AND INFORMATIVE TALK. 1211 00:55:52,143 --> 00:55:53,911 COULD YOU SAY MORE ABOUT THE 1212 00:55:53,911 --> 00:55:56,080 BUDGET ASPECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH 1213 00:55:56,080 --> 00:55:58,849 INSTITUTIONS IN THE EARLY 20TH 1214 00:55:58,849 --> 00:55:59,617 CENTURY. 1215 00:55:59,617 --> 00:56:02,019 WAS STATE AND FEDERAL FUNDING 1216 00:56:02,019 --> 00:56:04,522 AVAILABLE FOR INSTITUTIONS AT 1217 00:56:04,522 --> 00:56:06,057 THE COMMUNITY LEVEL? 1218 00:56:06,057 --> 00:56:08,826 AND WERE THERE FOR-PROFIT 1219 00:56:08,826 --> 00:56:10,327 INSTITUTIONS THAT TOOK MONEY 1220 00:56:10,327 --> 00:56:17,435 FROM FAMILIES TO PAY FOR 1221 00:56:17,435 --> 00:56:18,235 INSTITUTIONS. 1222 00:56:18,235 --> 00:56:20,705 HOW DID THE FOR-PROFIT 1223 00:56:20,705 --> 00:56:22,139 INSTITUTIONS COMPARE WITH THE 1224 00:56:22,139 --> 00:56:25,910 STATE FUNDED FACILITIES? 1225 00:56:25,910 --> 00:56:26,610 >> Dr. Lee: I ASSUME THERE 1226 00:56:26,610 --> 00:56:34,618 SHOULD BE SOME INSTITUTIONS WITH 1227 00:56:34,618 --> 00:56:36,687 THE -- JUST A PROFIT FROM THE 1228 00:56:36,687 --> 00:56:38,022 PATIENT'S FAMILY. 1229 00:56:38,022 --> 00:56:42,727 BUT I HAVEN'T LOOKED AT DEEPLY 1230 00:56:42,727 --> 00:56:47,665 OR THORL AT THAT. 1231 00:56:47,665 --> 00:56:49,200 DEEPLY -- OR THORLLY AT THAT. 1232 00:56:49,200 --> 00:56:52,636 IN THE 1920s, THEY BUILT SOME 1233 00:56:52,636 --> 00:56:57,208 SORT OF INSTITUTIONS OR ASYLUMS 1234 00:56:57,208 --> 00:57:02,246 OR -- NOT ASYLUMS BUT A 1235 00:57:02,246 --> 00:57:04,782 SEGREGATED COLONIES OR FARMS 1236 00:57:04,782 --> 00:57:08,185 BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO DIVIDE 1237 00:57:08,185 --> 00:57:09,687 SOME PATIENTS INTO DIFFERENT 1238 00:57:09,687 --> 00:57:12,857 PARTS OF INSTITUTIONS BECAUSE AS 1239 00:57:12,857 --> 00:57:20,998 I MENTIONED, UP UNTIL 19 40S, 1240 00:57:20,998 --> 00:57:24,401 THEY FELT -- 1940s, THEY FELT 1241 00:57:24,401 --> 00:57:28,072 A HELPLESSNESS, FOR PATIENTS, 1242 00:57:28,072 --> 00:57:30,141 THEY WERE NOT REALLY CURED. 1243 00:57:30,141 --> 00:57:33,210 IT WAS MORE LIKE A HELPLESS 1244 00:57:33,210 --> 00:57:35,112 FEELING IT MAKE A CLASS AT 1245 00:57:35,112 --> 00:57:38,415 THISCATION OF THEM. 1246 00:57:38,415 --> 00:57:40,417 AND 1920s AS YOU MIGHT KNOW, 1247 00:57:40,417 --> 00:57:45,122 IT'S THE ERA OF SC SOME SORT OF- 1248 00:57:45,122 --> 00:57:50,494 I WOULD SAY THE SEGREGATION OF 1249 00:57:50,494 --> 00:57:56,834 THE -- HOW DO YOU SAY THAT -- I 1250 00:57:56,834 --> 00:58:03,507 JUST -- I SLIPPED THAT WORD. 1251 00:58:03,507 --> 00:58:05,176 INTELLECTUAL FITS, I GUESS I 1252 00:58:05,176 --> 00:58:06,243 WOULD SAY. 1253 00:58:06,243 --> 00:58:09,513 AND I GUESS THAT WAS KIND EVER 1254 00:58:09,513 --> 00:58:10,181 FEEBLE-MINDED PEOPLE. 1255 00:58:10,181 --> 00:58:13,250 DURING THAT TIME THEY CALL THAT. 1256 00:58:13,250 --> 00:58:17,421 THEY WERE SEGREGATED AS WELL AND 1257 00:58:17,421 --> 00:58:19,623 STATE POLIC POLICIES WITH MORE E 1258 00:58:19,623 --> 00:58:21,458 THEY BUILT SOME SORT OF 1259 00:58:21,458 --> 00:58:23,961 INSTITUTIONS OR MORE LIKE A 1260 00:58:23,961 --> 00:58:29,567 WORKING FARM IN ORDERE IN ORDERM 1261 00:58:29,567 --> 00:58:30,301 TO WORK. 1262 00:58:30,301 --> 00:58:32,736 THEY WERE NOT REALLY 1263 00:58:32,736 --> 00:58:33,037 HANDICAPPED. 1264 00:58:33,037 --> 00:58:36,574 THEY WERE NOT REALLY WITH 1265 00:58:36,574 --> 00:58:37,208 DISABILITIES. 1266 00:58:37,208 --> 00:58:42,680 THEY THOUGHT THEY WERE MORE LIKN 1267 00:58:42,680 --> 00:58:44,448 CALLED FEEBLE-MINDED, THEY WERE 1268 00:58:44,448 --> 00:58:46,851 MORE LIKE LOW INTELLIGENCE OR 1269 00:58:46,851 --> 00:58:48,085 SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 1270 00:58:48,085 --> 00:58:52,690 AND A LOT OF PEOPLE, I GUESS, 1271 00:58:52,690 --> 00:58:54,325 MAYBE ELITE GROUPS IN THES 1272 00:58:54,325 --> 00:58:58,696 THOUGHT IT WAS USELESS TO HAVE 1273 00:58:58,696 --> 00:59:00,564 THEM IN THE HOSPITAL. 1274 00:59:00,564 --> 00:59:02,666 THEY WANTED TO MAKE THEM WORK SO 1275 00:59:02,666 --> 00:59:05,202 THEY COULD SEND THEM TO ANOTHER 1276 00:59:05,202 --> 00:59:05,603 INSTITUTION. 1277 00:59:05,603 --> 00:59:07,705 SO PROBABLY THE STATE FUNDED A 1278 00:59:07,705 --> 00:59:10,107 LOT OF MONEY TO BUILD THOSE 1279 00:59:10,107 --> 00:59:10,641 FACILITIESES FOR. 1280 00:59:10,641 --> 00:59:14,345 AND THEN THEY WANTED TO DIVIDE 1281 00:59:14,345 --> 00:59:17,114 IT OR EVEN FOR STATE MENTAL 1282 00:59:17,114 --> 00:59:19,416 HOSPITAL, THEY WANTED TO HOUSE 1283 00:59:19,416 --> 00:59:23,787 OR THEY WANTED TO HAVE THOSE 1284 00:59:23,787 --> 00:59:25,990 LIKE LONG-TERM PATIENTS. 1285 00:59:25,990 --> 00:59:29,627 BUT THEN IT GOES UP TO -- I MEAN 1286 00:59:29,627 --> 00:59:33,264 THE BUDGET, THEY'RE MORE LIKE 1287 00:59:33,264 --> 00:59:36,834 RUNS OUT OF THE BUDGET TO HAVE 1288 00:59:36,834 --> 00:59:39,103 ALL OF THEM UNTIL THEY TIE. 1289 00:59:39,103 --> 00:59:41,505 I GUESS IT'S THE REASON WHY THEY 1290 00:59:41,505 --> 00:59:43,140 WANTED TO DIVIDE A LEVEL OF 1291 00:59:43,140 --> 00:59:47,645 PATIENTS AND SEND THEM TO 1292 00:59:47,645 --> 00:59:51,715 UTILIZE THEM AS WORKERS OR 1293 00:59:51,715 --> 00:59:53,150 LABORERS IN THAT INSTITUTION. 1294 00:59:53,150 --> 00:59:56,086 I THOUGHT IT WAS -- I DON'T 1295 00:59:56,086 --> 00:59:57,655 KNOW. 1296 00:59:57,655 --> 00:59:59,390 ACADEMICALLY INTERESTING TOO TO 1297 00:59:59,390 --> 01:00:01,258 SEE THAT AS WELL. 1298 01:00:01,258 --> 01:00:03,560 IT'S ANOTHER ONE THAT I'M 1299 01:00:03,560 --> 01:00:04,662 DIGGING INTO NOW. 1300 01:00:04,662 --> 01:00:06,597 >> THANK YOU. 1301 01:00:06,597 --> 01:00:07,831 SO WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE 1302 01:00:07,831 --> 01:00:08,265 QUESTION. 1303 01:00:08,265 --> 01:00:11,435 YOU NOTED THAT OLDER PEOPLE WITH 1304 01:00:11,435 --> 01:00:14,605 COMMON AGE-RELATED MENTAL 1305 01:00:14,605 --> 01:00:16,240 DECLINE WERE OFTEN 1306 01:00:16,240 --> 01:00:17,775 INSTITUTIONALIZED BY THEIR 1307 01:00:17,775 --> 01:00:18,142 FAMILIES. 1308 01:00:18,142 --> 01:00:20,311 DID THE MANAGERS AND LEADERS OF 1309 01:00:20,311 --> 01:00:22,313 THE INSTITUTIONS TRY IT 1310 01:00:22,313 --> 01:00:23,847 DISCOURAGE THIS BY REJECTING 1311 01:00:23,847 --> 01:00:25,816 THOSE PATIENTS OR EXPLAINING TO 1312 01:00:25,816 --> 01:00:26,984 THE FAMILIES THAT THEIR 1313 01:00:26,984 --> 01:00:30,287 RELATIVES WERE NOT MENTALLY ILL, 1314 01:00:30,287 --> 01:00:32,456 JUST EXPERIENCING NORMAL 1315 01:00:32,456 --> 01:00:37,194 AGE-RELATED DECLINE? 1316 01:00:37,194 --> 01:00:38,829 >> I THINK I JUST MISS THE 1317 01:00:38,829 --> 01:00:40,664 QUESTION. 1318 01:00:40,664 --> 01:00:43,534 >> SO -- MISSED THE QUESTION. 1319 01:00:43,534 --> 01:00:45,736 >> I THINK WHAT IN QUESTION 1320 01:00:45,736 --> 01:00:49,540 GETTING AT, IS DID THE LEADERS 1321 01:00:49,540 --> 01:00:52,176 AND MANAGERS OF THE STATE 1322 01:00:52,176 --> 01:00:55,646 INSTITUTIONS, DID THEY TRY TO 1323 01:00:55,646 --> 01:00:59,283 DISCOURAGE THE -- 1324 01:00:59,283 --> 01:01:02,353 >> Dr. Lee: YOU MEAN DECLINE 1325 01:01:02,353 --> 01:01:05,622 THEM TO BE INSTITUTIONALIZED? 1326 01:01:05,622 --> 01:01:06,056 >> CORRECT. 1327 01:01:06,056 --> 01:01:09,693 >> Dr. Lee: WELL, I GUESS MAYBE 1328 01:01:09,693 --> 01:01:11,729 UNTIL 1940s, THEY COULDN'T 1329 01:01:11,729 --> 01:01:13,297 REJECT THEM. 1330 01:01:13,297 --> 01:01:18,402 BECAUSE, I MEAN, WHEN THEY GOT 1331 01:01:18,402 --> 01:01:20,537 THEIR PATIENTS PROBABLY JUST 1332 01:01:20,537 --> 01:01:24,441 THEY HOUSED UNTIL THEY DIE. 1333 01:01:24,441 --> 01:01:27,077 THAT'S KIND OF THE PATTERN 1334 01:01:27,077 --> 01:01:30,047 BECAUSE OF THAT. 1335 01:01:30,047 --> 01:01:35,853 COST OF CARE WHICH MEANS -- 1336 01:01:35,853 --> 01:01:37,921 CUSTODY OF CARE WHICH MEANS THEY 1337 01:01:37,921 --> 01:01:39,490 DIDN'T HAVE ANYWHERE TO GO. 1338 01:01:39,490 --> 01:01:43,060 I GUESS THEY PROBABLY -- IN THE 1339 01:01:43,060 --> 01:01:45,362 BEGINNING OF THEIR 1340 01:01:45,362 --> 01:01:46,363 INSTITUTIONALIZATION, I GUESS, 1341 01:01:46,363 --> 01:01:48,432 THERE IS NO PLACE TO GO FOR 1342 01:01:48,432 --> 01:01:50,968 THEM. 1343 01:01:50,968 --> 01:01:53,470 SO INEVITABLY, THEY WERE MORE 1344 01:01:53,470 --> 01:01:58,642 LIKE PERMANENT PATIENTS. 1345 01:01:58,642 --> 01:02:00,611 SO THAT'S WHY I MENTIONED THE 1346 01:02:00,611 --> 01:02:02,713 SUPERINTENDENT SERVED THE 1347 01:02:02,713 --> 01:02:04,581 INSTITUTION, THEY ESTABLISHED 1348 01:02:04,581 --> 01:02:12,689 ANOTHER ONE TO LIKE 1349 01:02:12,689 --> 01:02:15,993 INSTITUTIONALIZE SOME SORT OF 1350 01:02:15,993 --> 01:02:19,096 HYBRID OR IN-PATIENTS WITH SOME 1351 01:02:19,096 --> 01:02:23,600 SORT OF ABLE-BODIED. 1352 01:02:23,600 --> 01:02:26,770 I GUESS THAT'S PART OF THE 1353 01:02:26,770 --> 01:02:31,475 SITUATION THAT THEY KIND OF TRY 1354 01:02:31,475 --> 01:02:38,482 TO MAKE THE SITUATION BETTER 1355 01:02:38,482 --> 01:02:41,452 WINDCHILL THAT DENYING PEOPLE OR 1356 01:02:41,452 --> 01:02:44,855 OLDER PEOPLE WITH ANY 1357 01:02:44,855 --> 01:02:47,791 POSSIBILITY TO RECOVER. 1358 01:02:47,791 --> 01:02:51,095 I GUESS THAT'S THE WAY -- THEY 1359 01:02:51,095 --> 01:02:52,930 DIDN'T REALLY REJECT, BUT THEY 1360 01:02:52,930 --> 01:02:54,832 DID SOMETHING TO SOLVE THE 1361 01:02:54,832 --> 01:02:58,435 PROBLEM WITH THE OLDER PEOPLE 1362 01:02:58,435 --> 01:03:03,974 LIKE JUST -- I MEAN LIKE USING 1363 01:03:03,974 --> 01:03:04,942 SEDATIVES TO BE CALM. 1364 01:03:04,942 --> 01:03:07,144 AND I GUESS THAT'S KIND OF THE 1365 01:03:07,144 --> 01:03:09,847 SITUATION DURING THE 1940s. 1366 01:03:09,847 --> 01:03:13,450 BUT UNFORTUNATELY AFTER 1940s, 1367 01:03:13,450 --> 01:03:18,622 THEY MOVED TO THE DREKS DIRECTIN 1368 01:03:18,622 --> 01:03:24,261 THE 1940s AND 1950s, THIS 1369 01:03:24,261 --> 01:03:30,300 WERE MOVING TOWARD SOME SORT OF 1370 01:03:30,300 --> 01:03:32,636 COMMUNITY-BASED 1371 01:03:32,636 --> 01:03:33,103 NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED 1372 01:03:33,103 --> 01:03:33,737 PSYCHIATRY. 1373 01:03:33,737 --> 01:03:38,609 I THOUGHT IT WAS KIND OF THE END 1374 01:03:38,609 --> 01:03:41,145 OF -- UP UNTIL THEIR LIFE, THEY 1375 01:03:41,145 --> 01:03:44,748 DIDN'T GET ANOTHER PATIENTS 1376 01:03:44,748 --> 01:03:45,315 MORE. 1377 01:03:45,315 --> 01:03:49,353 BUT I GUESS -- UP UNTIL 1940s 1378 01:03:49,353 --> 01:03:53,590 THEY HADN'T REJECTED -- THEY 1379 01:03:53,590 --> 01:03:56,226 DIDN'T. 1380 01:03:56,226 --> 01:04:00,297 BUT THEN, I WOULD SAY THEY USED 1381 01:04:00,297 --> 01:04:05,569 DIFFERENT WAYS OF CLASSIFYING 1382 01:04:05,569 --> 01:04:08,605 THOSE PATIENTS. 1383 01:04:08,605 --> 01:04:10,040 I WOULD SAY THAT. 1384 01:04:10,040 --> 01:04:10,374 >> OKAY. 1385 01:04:10,374 --> 01:04:14,211 THANK YOU. 1386 01:04:14,211 --> 01:04:15,746 >> WE'VE REACHED THE END MUCH 1387 01:04:15,746 --> 01:04:16,647 OUR TIME TOGETHER. 1388 01:04:16,647 --> 01:04:18,415 ON BEHALF OF THE NATIONAL 1389 01:04:18,415 --> 01:04:20,284 LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND MY 1390 01:04:20,284 --> 01:04:20,984 COLLEAGUES, I WOULD LIKE TO 1391 01:04:20,984 --> 01:04:23,253 THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DR. LEE, 1392 01:04:23,253 --> 01:04:27,791 FOR PREPARING THIS CAU TALK AND 1393 01:04:27,791 --> 01:04:31,261 COMING TO OUR CENTER FOR 1394 01:04:31,261 --> 01:04:31,662 RESEARCH. 1395 01:04:31,662 --> 01:04:34,565 WE'RE HAPPY TO SEE YOU VIRTUALLY 1396 01:04:34,565 --> 01:04:37,734 AND IN-PERSON AND WE WISH YOU 1397 01:04:37,734 --> 01:04:40,704 SUCCESS IN YOUR SEARCH AND 1398 01:04:40,704 --> 01:04:42,172 PUBLISHING YOUR WORK SO WE CAN 1399 01:04:42,172 --> 01:04:44,074 LEARN MORE ABOUT YOUR WORK ON 1400 01:04:44,074 --> 01:04:46,109 DR. FELIX AND RELATED SUBJECTS. 1401 01:04:46,109 --> 01:04:49,146 I WISH YOU WELL YOU AND YOUR 1402 01:04:49,146 --> 01:04:50,280 FAMILY IN SOUTH KOREA. 1403 01:04:50,280 --> 01:04:51,882 I KNOW IT'S THE MIDDLE OF THE 1404 01:04:51,882 --> 01:04:54,651 NIGHT FOR YOU SO WE'RE 1405 01:04:54,651 --> 01:04:56,954 ESPECIALLY GRATEFUL FOR YOU TO 1406 01:04:56,954 --> 01:05:01,124 BE WITH US. 1407 01:05:01,124 --> 01:05:02,793 WE LOOK FORWARD TO KEEPING IN 1408 01:05:02,793 --> 01:05:03,227 TOUCH WITH YOU. 1409 01:05:03,227 --> 01:05:04,294 THANK YOU. 1410 01:05:04,294 --> 01:05:06,396 >> Dr. Lee: THANK YOU. 1411 01:05:06,396 --> 01:05:08,365 >> BEFORE OUR VIEWERS LEAVE US 1412 01:05:08,365 --> 01:05:10,133 TODAY, I WOULD LIKE TO RENIEND 1413 01:05:10,133 --> 01:05:12,302 EVERYBODY THAT WE HAVE -- REMIND 1414 01:05:12,302 --> 01:05:15,939 EVERYBODY THAT WE HAVE OUR LAST 1415 01:05:15,939 --> 01:05:18,342 NLM HISTORY TALK COMING UP 1416 01:05:18,342 --> 01:05:20,210 THURSDAY NOVEMBER 21ST. 1417 01:05:20,210 --> 01:05:23,280 WE'LL WELCOME DR. WILLIAMS FROM 1418 01:05:23,280 --> 01:05:25,616 THE UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO WHO IS 1419 01:05:25,616 --> 01:05:27,351 AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR THE 1420 01:05:27,351 --> 01:05:28,986 HISTORY THERE. 1421 01:05:28,986 --> 01:05:36,627 SHE'S A 2022 NLM FELLOW. 1422 01:05:36,627 --> 01:05:42,466 THE TEATAL OF HER TALK IS 1423 01:05:42,466 --> 01:05:46,270 "ASSAILED AT HOME THE PUSH FOR 1424 01:05:46,270 --> 01:05:49,806 MATERNAL CARE ADVANCEMENTS IN 1425 01:05:49,806 --> 01:05:50,274 NIGERIA." 1426 01:05:50,274 --> 01:05:54,411 PLEASE JOIN US NOVEMBER 21ST, 1427 01:05:54,411 --> 01:05:54,845 2:00 EASTERN TIME. 1428 01:05:54,845 --> 01:05:59,216 THIS WILL BE VideoCast. 1429 01:05:59,216 --> 01:06:01,852 IN THAT REGARD, I WOULD LIKE TO 1430 01:06:01,852 --> 01:06:04,221 THANK OUR COLLEAGUES BEHIND THE 1431 01:06:04,221 --> 01:06:05,722 SCENES THAT MAKE THE 1432 01:06:05,722 --> 01:06:07,124 VideoCast AND YouTube 1433 01:06:07,124 --> 01:06:09,793 STREAMS POSSIBLE AND WE THANK 1434 01:06:09,793 --> 01:06:13,830 YOU DR. NAMHEE LEE FOR HER 1435 01:06:13,830 --> 01:06:14,931 RESEARCH TODAY. 1436 01:06:14,931 --> 01:06:16,133 WINDOW THANK YOU HER AND ALL OF 1437 01:06:16,133 --> 01:06:17,668 YOU FOR TUNING IN TODAY. 1438 01:06:17,668 --> 01:06:18,969 WINDOW LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING 1439 01:06:18,969 --> 01:06:22,372 YOU ON NOVEMBER 21ST FOR DR. 1440 01:06:22,372 --> 01:06:22,839 WILLIAMS' TALK. 1441 01:06:22,839 --> 01:06:25,776 THANK YOU, HAVE A GOOD DAY. 1442 01:06:25,776 --> 01:06:35,952 GOOD-BYE.