1
00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:08,480
>>WELCOME, I

2
00:00:08,480 --> 00:00:10,920
AM JEFF WITH THE NATIONAL

3
00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:13,880
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, THANK YOU

4
00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:18,640
FORKING US TO HEAR THE JAMES

5
00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:20,520
CASSEDY LECTURE IN THE HISTORY

6
00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:22,360
OF MEDICINE, WHICH IS PART OF

7
00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:24,360
THE 2022 HISTORY TALKS.

8
00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:25,080
THEY'RE ANNUAL SERIES WHICH

9
00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:26,280
ROUGH ATOM MOTE AWARENESS AND

10
00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,720
USE OF NLM AND RELATED

11
00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:29,560
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS FOR

12
00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:31,600
RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND PUBLIC

13
00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,160
SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICE AND

14
00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:36,040
BIOMEDICINE, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND

15
00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:36,360
HUMANITIES.

16
00:00:36,360 --> 00:00:38,440
THE SERIES ALSO SUPPORTS THE

17
00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:39,640
COMMITMENT OF THE NATIONAL

18
00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:41,600
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE TO RECOGNIZE

19
00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,760
THE DIVERSITY OF ITS COLLECTIONS

20
00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:45,520
WHICH SPAN 10 CENTURIES AND

21
00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:47,520
ENCOMPASS A RANGE OF DIGITAL AND

22
00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:49,520
PHYSICAL FORMATS AND ORIGINATE

23
00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:51,120
FROM NEARLY EVERY PART OF THE

24
00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:51,480
GLOBE.

25
00:00:51,480 --> 00:00:53,680
MORE OVER THIS SERIES AIMS TO

26
00:00:53,680 --> 00:00:54,920
FOREGROUPED THE VOICES OF PEOPLE

27
00:00:54,920 --> 00:00:56,640
OF COLOR, WOMEN AND INDIVIDUALS

28
00:00:56,640 --> 00:00:58,960
OF A VARIETY OF CULTURAL AND

29
00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:00,160
DISCIPLINARY BACKGROUNDS WHO

30
00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:01,240
VALUE NLM AND OTHER COLLECTIONS

31
00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:03,600
AND USE THEM TO ADVANCE THE

32
00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:05,640
RESEARCH THEIR TEACHING AND

33
00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:06,000
THEIR LEARNING.

34
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:07,960
SO WELCOME, EVERYONE, WATCHING

35
00:01:07,960 --> 00:01:11,800
FAR AND WIDE AND FOR THOSE OF

36
00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:14,160
YOU ON TWITTER, THANK YOU FOR

37
00:01:14,160 --> 00:01:15,360
FOLLOWING ALONG THE NLM TALK,

38
00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:16,840
AND FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO SHARE

39
00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:18,480
QUESTIONS WITH OUR SPEAKER THIS

40
00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:20,160
AFTERNOON WHEN WE GET TO THE

41
00:01:20,160 --> 00:01:22,120
Q&A, JUST USE THE LIVE
FEEDBACK

42
00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,320
BUTTON YOU WILL SEE UNDER YOUR

43
00:01:25,320 --> 00:01:25,720
VIDEO SCREEN.

44
00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,000
SO FOR MORE THAN A DECADE.

45
00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:30,760
THE NLM HAS HOSTED THIS SPECIAL

46
00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:33,760
LECTURE IN MEMORY OF OUR LATE

47
00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,560
COLLEAGUE DR. JAMES H. CASSEDY,

48
00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:39,600
A 50 YEAR EMPLOYEE OF THE NLM,

49
00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:41,480
EDITOR OF THE PRINTED

50
00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:42,640
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF

51
00:01:42,640 --> 00:01:45,000
MEDICINE AND SUPPORTER OF MANY

52
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:46,400
ESSENTIAL RESEARCH TOOLS, VALUED

53
00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:49,080
BY GENERATIONS OF SCHOLARS.

54
00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:52,320
DURING THE COURSE OF HIS VERY

55
00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,880
DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARLY CAREER,

56
00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:55,880
DR. CASSEDY RECEIVED EVERY MAJOR

57
00:01:55,880 --> 00:01:57,000
HONOR THAT THE NATIONAL

58
00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:58,920
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY IN HIS

59
00:01:58,920 --> 00:01:59,440
FIELD COULD BESTOW.

60
00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:01,040
THAT SOCIETY WAS AND REMAINS THE

61
00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,400
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE

62
00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:04,760
HISTORY OF MEDICINE.

63
00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:05,560
IN ADDITION TO THE

64
00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:06,520
[INDISCERNIBLE] WHICH HE

65
00:02:06,520 --> 00:02:08,600
RECEIVED FOR HIS BOOKS ENTITLED

66
00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:12,120
AMERICAN MEDICINE AND

67
00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:13,200
STATISTICAL THINKING, 1800-1860,

68
00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:15,800
PUBLISH INDEED 1984 AND MEDICINE

69
00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:18,000
AND AMERICAN GROWTH, 1800 TO

70
00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:19,800
1860 PUBLISHED IN 1986, JUST 2

71
00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:22,920
YEARS LATER, DR. CASSEDY WAS

72
00:02:22,920 --> 00:02:24,840
AWARDED THE ASSOCIATION'S

73
00:02:24,840 --> 00:02:28,800
LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AAND

74
00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:32,080
DELIVERED ITS HONORARY GARRISON

75
00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:33,560
AWARD, AND HE WORKED ON A NUMBER

76
00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:35,560
OF IMPORTANT COMMITTEES SERVING

77
00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:36,800
THE PROFESSION AND THE GREATER

78
00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:37,040
SOCIETY.

79
00:02:37,040 --> 00:02:39,520
SO WITH EVERY RESPECT TO OUR

80
00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:41,680
FORMER COLLEAGUE DR. CASSEDY,

81
00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,920
IT'S MY GREAT PRIVILEGE TO

82
00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:52,200
INTRODUCE TODAY'S DISTINGUISHED

83
00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:55,160
SPEAKER DR. KYLIE SMITH.

84
00:02:55,160 --> 00:02:56,200
DR. SMITH TEACHES COURSESOT

85
00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:58,760
HISTORY OF RACE, RACISM AND THE

86
00:02:58,760 --> 00:03:00,720
HISTORY OF HEALTHCARE, NURSING

87
00:03:00,720 --> 00:03:02,360
PSYCHIATRY AND NURSING AND

88
00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:02,680
PHILOSOPHY.

89
00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:04,240
HER RESEARCH AREA IS THE HISTORY

90
00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:06,200
OF PSYCHIATRY AND HE'S AUTHOR OF

91
00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:08,000
THE MULTIPLE AWARD WINNING BOOK,

92
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:10,080
TALKING THERAPY, KNOWLEDGE AND

93
00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:11,800
POWER AND AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC

94
00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:12,440
NURSING.

95
00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:14,360
NOTABLY SHE'S A RECIPIENT OF THE

96
00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:16,600
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE G13

97
00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:18,320
AWARD FOR SCHOLARLY BOOKS AND BY

98
00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:20,480
O MEDICINE AND HEALTH

99
00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:21,400
PUBLICATIONS, HAVING RECEIVED

100
00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:25,760
THIS 3 YEAR HONOR IN 2019.

101
00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:26,680
DR. SMITH WAS AWARDED HER

102
00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:28,440
BACHELOR OF SMITH AND HONORS

103
00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:30,000
WITH ENGLISH AND HISTORY AND

104
00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:32,280
Ph.D. IN HISTORY IN THE

105
00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:33,600
UNIVERSITY OF [INDISCERNIBLE] IN

106
00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:33,920
AUSTRALIA.

107
00:03:33,920 --> 00:03:35,040
BEFORE COMING TO EMORY SHE

108
00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:36,600
WORKED IN THE SCHOOL OF NURSING

109
00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:38,400
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF

110
00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:39,760
[INDISCERNIBLE] WHERE SHE

111
00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:41,640
RESEARCHED MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

112
00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:43,960
AND TAUGHT HISTORY, ETHICS AND

113
00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:44,520
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE.

114
00:03:44,520 --> 00:03:46,680
DR. SMITH IS ALSO WORKED IN

115
00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,440
MULTICULTURAL AND HIV/AIDS

116
00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:50,320
HEALTH PROMOTION IN SYDNEY

117
00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:53,040
AUSTRAIL WRA AND SHE'S STUDIED

118
00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:55,640
SCRIPT WRITING AT THE TELEVISION

119
00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:56,640
AND RADIO SCHOOL.

120
00:03:56,640 --> 00:03:59,440
SO PLEASE JOIN ME VIRTUALLY IN

121
00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:02,320
WELCOMING DR. SMITH TO DELIVER

122
00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:06,040
THE NLM'S 2022 JAMES H CASSEDY

123
00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:08,960
LECTURE ENTITLED JIM CROW AND

124
00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:10,320
THE ASYLUM:  PSYCHE FREE AND

125
00:04:10,320 --> 00:04:13,720
CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE AMERICAN

126
00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:14,000
SOUTH.

127
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:15,040
DR. SMITH WORK WELCOME AND OVER

128
00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:15,840
TO YOU.

129
00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:21,160
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH
JEFFREY FOR

130
00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:24,040
THE LIFELY WELCOME, THANK YOU

131
00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:25,120
FOR JOINING US ONLINE.

132
00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:27,080
I WILL TALK ABOUT MY BOOK

133
00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:29,040
PROJECT IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH.

134
00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:30,440
I'M VERY GRATEFUL TO THE

135
00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:33,440
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE FOR

136
00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:36,240
THE GRANT SUPPORT WHICH ENABLED

137
00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:37,880
ME TO UNDERTAKE EXTENSIVE WORK

138
00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:39,400
ACROSS GEORGIA, BA AM BAM AND

139
00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:40,040
MISSISSIPPI.

140
00:04:40,040 --> 00:04:42,200
I'M IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING

141
00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:43,520
THE MANUSCRIPT NOW, I PROMISE

142
00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:46,120
AND ALL THINGS BEING EQUAL, THE

143
00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:47,600
BOOK SHOULD BE PUBLISHED IN

144
00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:50,760
PAPER AND OPEN ACCESS FORM WITH

145
00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:51,640
UNC PRESS IN 2024.

146
00:04:51,640 --> 00:04:53,800
THE BOOK ITSELF IS DECIDED INTO

147
00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:55,200
2 PARTS, THE FIRST PART FOCUSES

148
00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:57,520
ON THE IDEA OF PERFORMING JIM

149
00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:00,760
CROW IN THE ASYLUM AND ATTRACTS

150
00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:11,200
THE WAYS THAT SEPARATE AND

151
00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:16,040
VASTLY BROAD ORGANIZES FOR THE

152
00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:16,480
SITUATION.

153
00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:18,000
MY GOAL TODAY IS NOT TO

154
00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:20,400
SUMMARIZE THE WHOLE BOOK BUT TO

155
00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:21,920
SHARE MATERIAL MOSTLY FROM THE

156
00:05:21,920 --> 00:05:24,080
FIRST PART THAT DEMONSTRATES THE

157
00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:25,440
WAY THAT PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS

158
00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:29,720
WORKED AS PART OF AN EXTENSIVE

159
00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:31,560
NETWORK OF CONFINEMENT OF BLACK

160
00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:33,480
DISABILITY IN THE EVER PRESENT

161
00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:34,600
SHADOW OF THE PLANTATION AND

162
00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:35,880
BECAUSE I AM FOCUSES ON THE

163
00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:37,840
FIRST PART, THE MATERIAL IS AT

164
00:05:37,840 --> 00:05:39,280
TIMES CONFRONTING, SO I DO JUST

165
00:05:39,280 --> 00:05:41,040
WANT TO KIND OF MAKE MENTION OF

166
00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:41,240
THAT.

167
00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:42,040
SOPHISTICATED SET OUT WHAT I

168
00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:47,280
MEAN, I WILL START WITH A

169
00:05:47,280 --> 00:05:47,960
LETTER.

170
00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:51,960
JANUARY OF 1965, [INDISCERNIBLE]

171
00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:54,080
OF MISSISSPPI WROTE TO THE

172
00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,960
SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN

173
00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:57,960
WELFARE IN WASHINGTON D. C. THIS

174
00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:00,320
IS A SCAN OF THE FRONT PAGE IN

175
00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:02,400
LETTER, BUT I WILL READ IT TO

176
00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:04,200
YOU IN FULL, DEAR SIR, I DON'T

177
00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,000
HAVE ANY ALTERNATIVE, I HAVE A

178
00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:08,480
RILEBT MENTALLY ILL 11 YEAR-OLD

179
00:06:08,480 --> 00:06:08,720
SON.

180
00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:10,000
FOR 5 YEARS I'VE GONE THROUGH

181
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,720
EVERY STEP IN THE STATE TO GET

182
00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:12,800
HELP, THEY HAVEN'T GIVE ME

183
00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:15,160
ANYTHING BUT THE RUN AROUND I'M

184
00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:17,680
AFRAID, I CAN'T HANDLE MY SON

185
00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:19,520
THOM ANYMORE, HE'S A DAIRVELGER

186
00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:21,160
TO MYSELF AND MY SMALLER

187
00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:23,720
CHILDREN AND EVERYONE AROUND HIM

188
00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:25,440
AS LHE DISTURBS THE WHOLE

189
00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:26,400
NEIGHBORHOOD, I'VE BEEN BEGS TO

190
00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:27,920
GET HELP FROM THE STATE.

191
00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:30,240
FIVE MONTHS AGO THE HOSPITAL I

192
00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:32,240
APPLIED HAS TAKEN OUT ALL THE

193
00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:35,760
NEGRO CHILDREN AND IT'S NOT ANY

194
00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:38,320
PLACE THERE FOR NEGRO CHILDREN,

195
00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:41,800
A JUDGE ORDER FOR HIM TO GO TO

196
00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:44,240
WAKE FIELD FOR ADULTS, IT'S BEEN

197
00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:49,040
5 MONTHS IN JAIL AND HE COULDN'T

198
00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:53,080
TAKE CARE OF HIMSELF AND SO I

199
00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:54,600
HAD TO GO GET HIM.

200
00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:56,880
I CAN'T KEEP HIM HERE, AND HE

201
00:06:56,880 --> 00:06:58,360
CAN'T STAY IN JAIL BECAUSE HE

202
00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:00,040
WILL DIE FROM LACK OF ATTENTION,

203
00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:01,560
PLEASE HELP IF YOU CAN SIR, IT'S

204
00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:03,360
A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH NOW.

205
00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:05,320
I WAITED UNTIL HE GOT TOO LARGE

206
00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:06,440
AND SICK THINKING THE STATE

207
00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:07,080
COULD HELP ME.

208
00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:09,040
PLEASE LET ME HEAR FROM YOU

209
00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:12,360
RIGHT AWAY, THANK YOU SO MUCH

210
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:16,240
MRS. CLAUDEET [INDISCERNIBLE].

211
00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:18,560
IN FEBRUARY 51975, SENATOR JOHN

212
00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:19,840
[INDISCERNIBLE] RECEIVED THIS

213
00:07:19,840 --> 00:07:22,360
COPY AND FORWARDED TO HIM FROM

214
00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:24,040
ALAN [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO WAS

215
00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:27,280
ASSISTANT CHIEF WITH THE MENTAL

216
00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:28,600
RETARDATION BRANCH WITH

217
00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:30,680
EDUCATION AND WELFARE, HE

218
00:07:30,680 --> 00:07:34,120
REPLIED EXPRESSING HIS CONCERN

219
00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:35,520
AND DISPLAY AND REACHED OUT TO

220
00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:36,960
ALL OF MISSISSIPPI

221
00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:37,320
REPRESENTATIVES.

222
00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:39,720
I FOUND THIS LETTER AT THE

223
00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:40,560
CONGRESSIONAL AND POLITICAL

224
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:42,520
PAPERS COLLECTION ASTERISKS

225
00:07:42,520 --> 00:07:43,640
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY AND

226
00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:44,000
STAFF.

227
00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:45,320
INTERESTINGLY I DID NOT FIND IT

228
00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:47,120
ANYWHERE ELSE, THIS IS THE ONLY

229
00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:49,000
COPY I FOUND.

230
00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:51,640
IT'S IN A FILE CALLED PUBLIC

231
00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:53,600
HEALTH SERVICE 1965 HAD IS

232
00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:55,320
MOSTLY PAPERS BETWEEN THE PUBLIC

233
00:07:55,320 --> 00:08:00,080
HEALTH SERVICE AND SENATORS.

234
00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:04,320
MUCH OF THAT PUBLIC

235
00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:05,680
CORRESPONDENCE IS TO WHITE

236
00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:09,120
PEOPLE WORRYING ABOUT HOW

237
00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,760
MEDICARE REQUIREMENTS WILL BE

238
00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:13,240
IMPLEMENTED, AGREEING WITH THE

239
00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:14,760
OUTRAGE ABOUT BEING FORCED TO

240
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:15,760
SUBMIT TO INTEGRATION AND

241
00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:19,120
THANKING THEM FOR THEIR SUPPORT

242
00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:20,920
ON THE SIDE OF THE LETTER

243
00:08:20,920 --> 00:08:22,640
HOWEVER, WRITTEN IN RED PENCIL

244
00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:25,200
ARE THE WORDS NO REPLY.

245
00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:27,240
THE LETTER IS CENTRAL TO THE

246
00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:28,640
STORY I'M TRYING TO TELL BECAUSE

247
00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:30,760
IT EXPOSES THE WAY THAT

248
00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:31,600
PSYCHIATRIC AND DISABILITY

249
00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:33,320
SERVICES FOR BLACK PEOPLE IN THE

250
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:36,840
SOUTH OPERATED WITHIN AN

251
00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,320
EXISTING SYSTEM DEDICATED TO

252
00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:40,000
MAINTAINING WHITE SUPREMACY.

253
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:41,960
IN THIS MAP I'VE BEGUN TO PLAY A

254
00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:45,720
ROLE IN THIS HEISTRY WHICH IS

255
00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:47,440
REVIEWING HOW PSYCHIATRIC

256
00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:48,840
HOSPITALS REVIEW SYSTEMS IN A

257
00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:50,800
LARGER SYSTEM OF CONFINEMENT.

258
00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:52,040
MY RESEARCH HAS SHOWN WAYS THAT

259
00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:53,440
PEOPLE COULD BE EASILY ADMITTED

260
00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:55,160
TO THE LARGE STATE HOSPITALS,

261
00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:56,000
SOMETIMES SIMPLY BY BEING

262
00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:06,520
DROPPEDDA THE DOOR BY A SHERIFF.

263
00:09:11,640 --> 00:09:12,360
--THESE PRACTICES WERE

264
00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:15,560
EXACERBATED BY THE BROADER

265
00:09:15,560 --> 00:09:17,400
OPERATIONALIZE OF THIS IN THE

266
00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:19,160
SOUTH IN THE FIRST HALF THE

267
00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:20,240
20th CENTURY WITH COMBINED

268
00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:24,640
WITH A ACTIVE PROGRAM OF UGENICS

269
00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:26,400
DESIGNED TO ERADIATE THE BODY,

270
00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:28,520
MIND INTERLY, IN THIS PROCESS WE

271
00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:30,640
CAN SEE THE INSTABILITY OF

272
00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:37,440
CATEGORIES AND THE OVERLAP OF

273
00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:42,480
DISABILITY, MENTAL ILLNESS AND

274
00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:42,960
COMMONALITY.

275
00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:44,440
SEGBREIGATION WAS THE MOST

276
00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:47,920
OBVIOUS WAY THAT JIM CROW WAS

277
00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:49,480
PERFORMED A REGULAR BASIS AND

278
00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:51,120
WAS JUSTIFIED BY PSYCHIATRISTS

279
00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:52,160
THEMSELVES WHO CREATED THEIR

280
00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:53,320
PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AROUND

281
00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:55,520
THE IDEA OF RACIAL DIFFERENCE

282
00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:57,520
AND ACTIVELY PERPETUATED IDEAS

283
00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:59,560
ABOUT THE ALLEGED INFERIORITY OF

284
00:09:59,560 --> 00:10:01,400
THE BLACK PERSONALITY.

285
00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:02,040
BUT SEGREGATION TOOK DIFFERENT

286
00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:03,440
FORMS IN DIFFERENT PLACES SO I

287
00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:04,760
WILL JUST SET OUT SOME OF THOSE

288
00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:07,560
DIFFERENCES AND THINK ABOUT WHAT

289
00:10:07,560 --> 00:10:09,560
SO LET'S START WITH THE OLDEST

290
00:10:09,560 --> 00:10:12,800
OF THE 3 FACILITIES I'M LOOKING

291
00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:13,320
AT.

292
00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:19,320
CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL IN 

293
00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:19,800
GEORGIA.

294
00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:22,760
IT WAS THEN SET UP NEAR THE

295
00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:23,840
STATE CAPITAL.

296
00:10:23,840 --> 00:10:25,160
FROM ITS ORIGINS, THE ISSUE OF

297
00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:26,760
BLACK PATIENTS HAD BEEN A

298
00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:30,640
CONTENTIOUS 1 WITH THE HOSPITALS

299
00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,400
SECOND SUPER INTENDANT THOMAS

300
00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:34,400
GREEN ARGUING IN 1845 THAT THE

301
00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,240
BLACK ENSLAVED PERSON WAS IMMUNE

302
00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:38,240
TO MENTAL ILLNESS ANYWAY.

303
00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:40,640
GREEN WAS HAPPY TO USED ENSLAVED

304
00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,640
PEOPLE AS ATTENDANTS AND AFTER

305
00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:44,680
THE CIVIL WAR ARGUED HE COULD

306
00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:46,600
NOT ADMIT TO FREE BLACK PATIENTS

307
00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:48,080
AS HE HAD NOWHERE TO PUT THEM.

308
00:10:48,080 --> 00:10:49,520
BY NOWHERE TO PUT THEM HE MEANT

309
00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:51,560
HE DID NOT HAVE THE MONEY OR

310
00:10:51,560 --> 00:10:53,760
INCLINATION TO BUILD A SEPARATE

311
00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:55,120
BUILDING OF SEGREGATION WAS NOW

312
00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:56,960
THE NEW NORMAL.

313
00:10:56,960 --> 00:10:59,560
HE WAS EVENTUALLY FORCED BY THE

314
00:10:59,560 --> 00:11:00,960
STATE TO CREATE SEGREGATED

315
00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:02,560
SPACES WHO COULD NOT BE ALOWNED

316
00:11:02,560 --> 00:11:04,920
TO ROOM FREE AFTER EMANCIPATION.

317
00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:08,000
AFTER THE PLESESSING OF

318
00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:09,040
[INDISCERNIBLE] IN 1996

319
00:11:09,040 --> 00:11:10,920
PSYCHIATRISTS CONTINUE TO AGREE

320
00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:13,760
THAT SEGREGATION WAS NATURAL AND

321
00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:14,840
DESIRED BY ALL.

322
00:11:14,840 --> 00:11:16,120
FOR EXAMPLE A DIFFERENT DOCTOR

323
00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:17,640
AT CENTRAL STATE NOTE INDEED

324
00:11:17,640 --> 00:11:20,560
1916 THAT IN THE SOUTHERN STATES

325
00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:22,080
THE AVERAGE NEGRO LIVES UNDER

326
00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:22,920
CONDIPGZS THAT NATURAL TO HIM

327
00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:24,800
AND IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF THOSE

328
00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:27,920
STATES HE IS FOUND SEPARATED

329
00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:29,320
FROM MEMBERS OF THE WHITE RACE

330
00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,320
IN 1 DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS OR

331
00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:33,360
HOSPITALS DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO

332
00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:35,080
HIS RACE WHERE HIS ONLY

333
00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:36,600
ASSOCIATES ARE THOSE WITH WHOM

334
00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,480
HE HAS BEEN ACCUSTOMED TO LIVE.

335
00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:41,680
BUT THIS WAS NOT THE REALITY AT

336
00:11:41,680 --> 00:11:43,120
CENTRAL STATE WHICH BY THE 1960S

337
00:11:43,120 --> 00:11:46,720
HAD GROWN TO OVER 3000-ACRES

338
00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:48,640
INCLUDING A SELF-SUSTAINING

339
00:11:48,640 --> 00:11:49,880
FARM, APPLICATIONSER TWOAR, POST

340
00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:50,960
OFFICE, RAIL WAY STATION,

341
00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:52,840
PRINTING PRESS AND A TOTALOT

342
00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:54,440
BOOKS PATIENT POPULATION OF MORE

343
00:11:54,440 --> 00:11:57,920
THAN 12,000 PEOPLE.

344
00:11:57,920 --> 00:11:59,280
5000 OF WHOM WERE BLACK.

345
00:11:59,280 --> 00:12:00,920
BY REPORTS THIS MAKES THIS 1

346
00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:02,680
HOSPITAL IN TBA GATE KEEPER

347
00:12:02,680 --> 00:12:07,760
LIKELY THE LARGEST PSYCHIATRIC

348
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:08,760
HOSPITALS AT THIS TIME.

349
00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:10,600
THERE HAVE BEEN A FEW BOOKS

350
00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:13,000
WRITTEN, LIKE SOME OF THEM LIKE

351
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:14,680
ADMINISTRATIONS OF LUNACEY WERE

352
00:12:14,680 --> 00:12:17,160
WRITTEN WHEN PATIENT RECORDS OR

353
00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:18,520
OTHER DETAILED DOCUMENTS WERE

354
00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:20,040
AVAILABLE ONSITE AT THE HOSPITAL

355
00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:20,280
MUSEUM.

356
00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:22,640
SINCE THE HOSPITAL AND THE

357
00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:24,280
MUSEUM WERE CLOSED COMPLETELY

358
00:12:24,280 --> 00:12:27,520
THE ISSUE OF RECORDS HAS BECOME

359
00:12:27,520 --> 00:12:28,600
A MORE CONTENTIOUS 1.

360
00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:29,760
MATERIALS ARE MOSTLY HELD AT THE

361
00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:33,600
GATE KEEPER STATE ARCHIVES IN

362
00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:35,760
MORRO, AND WERE THE SUBJECT OF

363
00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:36,120
RESTRICTION.

364
00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:39,000
AND NEED TO GET LEGAL ASSIST TO

365
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,160
APPEAL TO THE UNIVERSITY OF

366
00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:44,760
GEORGIA TRUSTEES THAT WERE

367
00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:45,840
SIMPLY CORRESPONDENTS NOT EVEN

368
00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:46,240
PATIENT RECORDS.

369
00:12:46,240 --> 00:12:48,160
SO WHAT WE CAN KNOW ABOUT

370
00:12:48,160 --> 00:12:49,480
HOSPITALS LIKE CENTRAL STATE ASK

371
00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:50,800
HIGHLY MEDIATED BY THE NATURE OF

372
00:12:50,800 --> 00:12:53,960
AND ACCESS TO THE OFFICIAL

373
00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:54,400
ARCHIVE.

374
00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:55,840
BUT BASIC INFORMATION I'M

375
00:12:55,840 --> 00:12:58,080
RELYING ON THANNUAL REPORTS THAT

376
00:12:58,080 --> 00:12:59,480
WERE PREPARED BY THE HOSPITALS

377
00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:00,200
VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AND

378
00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:01,600
SUBMITTED TO THE GOVERNOR.

379
00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:02,800
THE REPORTS DON'T TELL US A LOT

380
00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:04,680
ABOUT EVERY DAY LIFE FOR

381
00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:05,120
PATIENTS.

382
00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:06,960
THERE ARE TOP DOWN ACCOUNTING

383
00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:11,280
FOR DOLLARS AND TIME SPENT. 

384
00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:12,920
SEGREGATION IS RARELY OVERTLY

385
00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:15,200
MENTIONED EXCEPT FOR THE GARDEN

386
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:16,880
CLUB HAVING VOLUNTEERS FOR THE

387
00:13:16,880 --> 00:13:18,600
COLORED SERVICE OR THE

388
00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:21,600
EMPLOYMENT OF THE FIRST NEGRO

389
00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:22,480
MUSIC THERAPIST AND VARIOUS

390
00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:23,800
OTHER SOURCES LIKE MAPS ARE

391
00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:28,160
USEFUL ON THIS MAP, FROM THE

392
00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:29,240
EARLY 1960S, YOU CAN'T REALLY

393
00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,040
SEE IT BUT THE BUILDING ARE

394
00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:34,160
GIVEN NAMES RATHER THAN

395
00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:35,840
DESCRIPTIVE BUILDING SO LIKE THE

396
00:13:35,840 --> 00:13:36,920
BOONE BUILDING, AND IT'S HARD TO

397
00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:39,800
TELL FROM THIS MAP, OR EVEN THE

398
00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:41,480
ANNUAL REPORT HA IS GOING ON

399
00:13:41,480 --> 00:13:42,880
INDEED EACH BUILDING BUT

400
00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:43,960
APPARENTLY THEY WERE ORGANIZED

401
00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:46,040
BY POPULATION AND TYPE OF

402
00:13:46,040 --> 00:13:46,760
CLINICAL PROBLEM.

403
00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,880
IT'S ONLY 1 BUILDING NAMED FOR

404
00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:52,200
EXPLICITLY FOR POPULATION AND

405
00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:53,240
THAT'S THE COLORED WOMEN'S

406
00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:54,560
PRISON WHICH IS DOWN HERE,

407
00:13:54,560 --> 00:13:57,000
INTERESTINGLY SO YOU SEE THAT

408
00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:00,840
OVERLAP BETWEEN INCARCERATION

409
00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:02,040
AND PSYCHIATRY IMMEDIATELY.

410
00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:03,960
THERE WERE PLACES WHERE

411
00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:14,440
SEGREGATION WAS NOT FORMALLY

412
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:30,840
ENFORCED.

413
00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:32,000
--THESE BUILDING HERE HO

414
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:33,840
8ICATEED IN THE KITCHEN AND

415
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:34,800
UNSUPPORTED DO LAWRENCE ROAD

416
00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:36,280
TOWARD THE SWAMP WHERE ALL THE

417
00:14:36,280 --> 00:14:37,760
BLACK PATIENTS WERE HOUSED

418
00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:38,200
BEFORE 1965.

419
00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:39,840
YOU CAN SEE THE SIZE OF THESE

420
00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:42,240
BUILDING RIGHT SO THERE'S THIS

421
00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:43,280
HAPPENEDS OF PEOPLE EXPWRUOF THE

422
00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:45,240
IN THESE FEW BUILDINGS.

423
00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:46,080
WAKE FIELD HOSPITAL IN

424
00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:48,440
MISSISSIPPI IS A RELATIVELY NEW

425
00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:50,080
FACILITY, OPENED IN 1936 TO

426
00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:52,960
REPLACE THE OVERCROWDED AND

427
00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:53,760
ARCHAIC ORIGINAL ASYLUM IN

428
00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:55,560
JACKSON ON THE SITE OF THE

429
00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:56,680
CURRENT UNIVERSITY MISSISSIPPI

430
00:14:56,680 --> 00:14:58,600
MEDICAL CENTER WHERE THEY'RE

431
00:14:58,600 --> 00:14:59,880
BIEWZY DIGGING UP BONES.

432
00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:01,520
THE NEW LOCATION IS 20-MILES

433
00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:04,200
EAST OF JACKSON AND BUILT OVER

434
00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:05,760
3000-ACRES USING A CHEAPER MODEL

435
00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:07,680
AND THIS WOULD BE SMALLER AND

436
00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:09,360
MORE SPREAD OUT AND THEREFORE

437
00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:10,760
MORE EASILY SEGBREIGATED BY

438
00:15:10,760 --> 00:15:10,960
RACE.

439
00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:12,880
YOU CAN SEE THE CAMPUS CLEARER

440
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:15,680
IN THIS MORE RECENT MAP, ALL OF

441
00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:17,680
THE STATES AFRICAN AMERICAN

442
00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:19,120
PUBLIC PATIENTS INCLUDING THOSE

443
00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:20,240
WITH MENTAL DISABILITY WERE

444
00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:21,960
ADMITTED TO WAKE FIELD AND AS WE

445
00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:24,600
SAW IN THE LETTER BLACK CHILDREN

446
00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:26,360
WERE ALSO ROUTINE IN THE 60S,

447
00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:27,760
ENABLING STATE SCHOOL WHICH IS

448
00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:32,280
DOWN FURTHER SOUTH TO BECOME A

449
00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:32,920
WHITE ONLY FACILITY.

450
00:15:32,920 --> 00:15:34,800
AND ALL PATIENTS WERE HOUSED

451
00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:36,120
OVER HERE, TOTALLY SEPARATE AND

452
00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:38,200
THE WHITE PATIENTS WERE IN THIS

453
00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:43,000
AREA HERE SURROUNDING THE LAKE

454
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:44,680
WHICH WAS NICE.

455
00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:50,800
THE REPORTING AT WAKE FIELD IS

456
00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:52,440
NOT AS COMPREHENSIVE.

457
00:15:52,440 --> 00:15:55,880
AND NO STATEWIDE MENTAL HEALTH

458
00:15:55,880 --> 00:15:56,160
DEPARTMENT.

459
00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:57,960
JAKE REPORTED TO A BOARD OF

460
00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:00,040
TRUSTEES BUT DID SO ONLY EVERY 2

461
00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:01,960
YEARS, AND THOSE REPORTS

462
00:16:01,960 --> 00:16:03,960
SCATTERED ACROSS A NUMBER OF

463
00:16:03,960 --> 00:16:04,600
COLLECTIONS AT MISSISSIPPI

464
00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:06,160
ARCHIVES AND HISTORY AND IT'S

465
00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:08,800
BEEN A BIT LIKE CHASING A NEEDLE

466
00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:11,400
IN A HAY STACK TO GET A FULL SET

467
00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,200
OF THEM. 

468
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:17,720
JAKE WAS ON A MISSION TO FIND

469
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,520
OUT MORE ABOUT THE HOSPITAL, BY

470
00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:21,480
1963 WITH AN INPATIENT

471
00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:24,280
POPULATION OF 4 AND HALF

472
00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:25,680
THOUSAND, 2300 OF WHOM WERE

473
00:16:25,680 --> 00:16:29,920
BLACK, JAKE WAS REPORTED THAT

474
00:16:29,920 --> 00:16:30,960
EXPENDITURE HAD ONLY $2.37 PER

475
00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:35,160
PATIENT PER DAY WHICH WAS STILL

476
00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:36,040
THE LOWEST EXPEPPEDITTURE FOR

477
00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:38,320
PATIENTS IN THE NATION.

478
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:40,400
OF THE 3 STATES, BAM BA WAS

479
00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:43,480
OBVIOUSLY THE MOST SEGREGATED.

480
00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:45,800
THE ORIGINAL HOSPITAL WAS IN

481
00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:47,520
TUSCALOOSA, BUILT ON WHAT'S CALL

482
00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:48,160
A [INDISCERNIBLE] MODEL WHICH

483
00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:50,160
MEANT THAT ALL THE PATES WERE

484
00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:54,480
INITIALLY ADMITTED INTO THAT 1

485
00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:57,240
CENTERED BUILDING WITH A KIND OF

486
00:16:57,240 --> 00:16:58,680
IMPOSING WATCH TOWER WITH THE

487
00:16:58,680 --> 00:16:59,520
OTHER WINGS STRETCHING BACK INTO

488
00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:00,840
THE OTHER SIDE AND USUALLY THE

489
00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:02,920
HOSPITAL TOOK A SMALL AMOUNT OF

490
00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:04,240
AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENTS BUT

491
00:17:04,240 --> 00:17:06,080
ONCE THAT POPULATION REACHED 3

492
00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:08,320
OR 400, THE STATE DECIDED IT WAS

493
00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:11,480
TIME TO MOVE THEM SOMEWHERE ELSE

494
00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:11,760
ENTIRELY.

495
00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:13,480
IN THE 1902, THEY OPENED ANOTHER

496
00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,080
HOSPITALOT GROUNDS OF THE OLD

497
00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:18,440
WAR FORT IN MT. VERNON THERT

498
00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:21,240
MILES NORTH OF MOBILE AND MOVED

499
00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:23,880
MOST AFRICAN AMERICANS PATIENTS

500
00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:26,280
THERE, BY 1934 IT SPEAKED AT

501
00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:26,560
2635 PEOPLE.

502
00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:31,120
THIS IS NOT A HOSPITAL BY THE

503
00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:31,920
WAY.

504
00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:32,520
WHILE AFICIALS INTENDED

505
00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:34,320
SEGREGATION AS THE NORMAL STATE

506
00:17:34,320 --> 00:17:35,720
OF AFFAIRS DHS WHICH EVERYONE

507
00:17:35,720 --> 00:17:37,800
WAS CONTENT AND HAPPY, THERE ARE

508
00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:38,760
OTHER SOURCES THAT INDICATE

509
00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:42,000
CLEARLY THIS WAS NOT THE CASE

510
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:42,800
AND SEGREGATION CREATED THE

511
00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:44,520
ENVIRONMENT AND OPPORTUNITY FOR

512
00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:46,280
ABUSE AND VIOLENCE.

513
00:17:46,280 --> 00:17:47,280
IN DECEMBER 1947 MR. WATKINS

514
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:51,080
WROTE THIS LETTER TO THE NAACP

515
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:51,840
LEGAL DEFENSE FUND.

516
00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:53,280
DEAR SIRS, I'VE BEEN CHIEF THE

517
00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:55,920
PATROL AT THE STATE HOSPITAL FOR

518
00:17:55,920 --> 00:17:57,000
THE INSANE PEOPLE AT

519
00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:57,600
[INDISCERNIBLE] FOR SEVERAL

520
00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:59,280
MONTHS AND THEY'RE MAKING SLAVES

521
00:17:59,280 --> 00:18:00,440
OUT OF THE COLOR PATIENTS OUT

522
00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:01,480
THERE.  THEY WORK THEM FROM

523
00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:04,120
BEFORE DAY TO AFTER DARK, 1 OF

524
00:18:04,120 --> 00:18:06,400
THE BIG SHOTS BY THE NAME OF

525
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:11,120
STAG SHOT A PATIENT AND THEY

526
00:18:11,120 --> 00:18:14,000
WERE INTEBDED BY THE NAME OF

527
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:20,480
SMITH, CARRY A GUN ALL THE TIME.

528
00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:25,800
I AM TURNING IN MY RESIGNATION

529
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:34,960
AND QUITTING PLEASE DO NOT

530
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:36,520
MENTION MY NAME.

531
00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:37,120
MR. WATKINS, KNEW ENOUGH TO

532
00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:40,120
WRITE TO THE HEAD OFFICE OF THE

533
00:18:40,120 --> 00:18:41,040
NAAACP, IN NEW YORK CITY AND

534
00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:44,120
THAT SPEAKS TO THE ROLE THAT

535
00:18:44,120 --> 00:18:46,240
HEIGHT MODERATES AND LIBERALS

536
00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,680
WOULD PLAY IN THE MISSISSIPPI

537
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:52,840
LAWSUITS TO COME BUT WATKINS WAS

538
00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:56,320
NOT BRAVE ENOUGH TO MAKE HIMSELF

539
00:18:56,320 --> 00:18:59,480
KNOWN, HE HID BEHIND ANON

540
00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:00,320
IMPEDIMENTSITY, AND NOT

541
00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:01,360
SURPRISING WHEN PEOPLE ARE

542
00:19:01,360 --> 00:19:02,840
WALKING AROUND WITH GUNS.

543
00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:04,280
BUT MR. WATKINS LETTER IS

544
00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:06,680
IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF THE MAJOR

545
00:19:06,680 --> 00:19:11,160
THEMES IT RAISES, MOST OBVIOUSLY

546
00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:13,640
THE USE OF PATIENT WORK.

547
00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:15,320
IT UNDERPINS THE WHOLE PREMISE

548
00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:16,920
OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND

549
00:19:16,920 --> 00:19:18,920
BEFORE THEN MORAL TREATMENT.

550
00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:22,600
WELL THE WITH THE IDEA THAT

551
00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:23,680
ORCHWAS THERAPEUTIC,

552
00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:27,000
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND LATER

553
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:28,040
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION GAVE

554
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:29,240
BACK PEOPLE THE SENSE OF

555
00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:30,640
AUTONOMY AS WELL AS THE

556
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:32,120
POSSIBILITY OF LIFE OUTSIDE THE

557
00:19:32,120 --> 00:19:32,440
ASYLUM.

558
00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:34,440
BUT THIS IS NOT THE WAY WORK WAS

559
00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:37,120
USED IN THE SOUTHERN ASYLUMS IN

560
00:19:37,120 --> 00:19:39,680
THE MID20th CENTURY AND AT

561
00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:40,600
THIS ANY RATE THERAPY AT THE

562
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:44,560
POINT OF A GUN IS NOT THERAPY AT

563
00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:45,080
ALL.

564
00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:46,560
SUPER INTENDANT ARRIVED 2 YEARS

565
00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:47,880
AFTER MR. WATKINS WROTE HIS

566
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:49,960
LETTER BUT IT SEEMS THAT LITTLE

567
00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:51,120
HAD CHANGED.

568
00:19:51,120 --> 00:19:52,920
LATER IN HIS LIFE HE REMEMBERED

569
00:19:52,920 --> 00:19:55,160
BEING SHOCKED AT THE EXTENT OF

570
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:56,840
THE FARM OPERATIONS AND DEMANDED

571
00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:57,400
IT BE CLOSED.

572
00:19:57,400 --> 00:19:59,600
HE TOLD A REPORTER THAT IN 1950,

573
00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:01,840
I TOLD THEM I HAD NEVER BEEN A

574
00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:04,640
FARMER, WE CLOSED THE FARM AND

575
00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:06,080
THE DAIRY HERD, IF A PATIENT WAS

576
00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:07,440
WELL ENOUGH TO WORK HERE, HE WAS

577
00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:10,280
WELL ENOUGH TO BE AT HOASM.

578
00:20:10,280 --> 00:20:13,880
IN THE PAPER, HE EXPOSED THE LIE

579
00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:17,160
THAT AGRICULTURAL LABOR WAS

580
00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:18,320
THERAPEUTIC BUT DESPITE WHAT WE

581
00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:20,720
DID, THE FARM WAS NOT CLOSED

582
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:22,760
MPLET IN A NEWS LETTER CALLED

583
00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:24,120
THE WIT, THERE WERE SNIPITS OF

584
00:20:24,120 --> 00:20:25,320
INFORMATION ABOUT HOW PATIENTS

585
00:20:25,320 --> 00:20:29,080
WERE HOUSED AND ORGANIZED.

586
00:20:29,080 --> 00:20:30,520
IN 1951, THE PERSON WRITING THE

587
00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:33,000
FEW PAGES AT THE BACK DEVOTED TO

588
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,200
BLACK PATIENTS NOTED THAT THOSE

589
00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:37,000
IN COLORED COTTAGE 3 WERE THE

590
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:39,560
BACKBONES OF WAKE FIELD, THE

591
00:20:39,560 --> 00:20:41,240
WRITER REPORTED THAT THE WORK IS

592
00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:42,800
HIGHLY ENJOYED BY THOSE WHO HAVE

593
00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:44,240
WORKED IN FIELDS AND FARMS ARE

594
00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:46,120
IF YOU FOR A SOURCE OF LIVING

595
00:20:46,120 --> 00:20:47,480
INCOME, THESE PATIENTS ARE

596
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:50,240
CONTENTED WITH PARM WORK AND ARE

597
00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:55,400
DUTYIVELY FROM 1 DAY TO ANOTHER.

598
00:20:55,400 --> 00:20:57,360
THIS UNPROBLEMATIC ASSESS OF THE

599
00:20:57,360 --> 00:20:59,680
WAYS BLACK PEOPLE ENJOY FARM

600
00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:00,960
WORK REPLICATED AND REINFORCED

601
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,640
BOTH LABOR AND RACE RELATIONS

602
00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:05,000
AND MADE NO PRETENSE THAT FARM

603
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:12,240
WORK WAS INTENDED AS THERAPY FOR

604
00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:13,000
ACTUAL ILLNESS.

605
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:15,120
THESE ALSO LEND TO DOMESTIC

606
00:21:15,120 --> 00:21:15,840
FLAVOR.

607
00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:17,000
AT THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF

608
00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:18,080
ARCHIVES AND HEISTRY I FOUND

609
00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:20,960
THIS PHOTO WITH NO CONTEXT, SO

610
00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:22,480
LIKE IN THE ARCHIVES AND YOU

611
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:23,760
FIND A PHOTO AND WHAT IS THIS

612
00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:25,040
BUT THEN I FOUND IT AGAIN IN THE

613
00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:28,120
STORY IN THE JACKSON DAILY NEWS

614
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:30,560
FROM 1960, THE WHITE WOMAN

615
00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:32,560
SITTING WAS [INDISCERNIBLE] THE

616
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:33,240
SUPER INTENDANT'S WIFE WHO WAS

617
00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:34,760
NOT MUCH OF A CHEF.

618
00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:35,960
IN THIS STORY SHEAVE WAS BECOME

619
00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:37,600
TAUGHT TO COOK BY THE WOMEN

620
00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:39,040
BEHIND HER WHO WERE PATIENTS

621
00:21:39,040 --> 00:21:40,880
WORKING IN THE HOSPITAL KITCHEN.

622
00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:44,080
SHE WOULD THEN PUBLISH THEIR

623
00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:45,840
RECIPES IN A SERIES OF NEWSPAPER

624
00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:46,080
STORIES.

625
00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:48,840
THERE ARE SEVERAL DYNAMICS IN

626
00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:50,320
THIS PHOTO AND STORY, THE MOST

627
00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:52,520
IS THE RACIAL ISSUES, POSITION

628
00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:54,280
OF THE BLACK WOMEN AS DOMESTIC

629
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:55,680
HELP, SERVE BEING THE WHITE

630
00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:57,920
WOMAN AT THE TABLE DEMONSTRATED

631
00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:00,240
TO THE RELATIONS THAT REPLICATED

632
00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:01,080
BROADER MISSISSIPPI NORMS AND

633
00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:02,920
THAT THE BLACK PATIENT WAS BEING

634
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:04,680
KEPT FIRMLY IN THEIR PLACE.

635
00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:06,000
IT ALSO SERVED TO SHOW READERS

636
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:06,960
THAT PATIENTS HAD BEEN GIVEN

637
00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:09,160
WORK TO DO THAT KEPT THEM

638
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:10,600
OCCUPIED IN A HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL

639
00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:12,800
OF HELP TO PAY FOR STAY THERE

640
00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:14,560
AND ALSO KEPT THEM SKILL INDEED

641
00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:16,200
AREAS THAT DEEMED USEFUL TO A

642
00:22:16,200 --> 00:22:18,400
MISSISSIPPI SOCIETY, EVEN WHEN

643
00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:20,200
THEY WERE RELEASED, ON THERE'S O

644
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:21,880
MENTION OF THE ILLNESS OR

645
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:22,640
THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT.

646
00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:25,440
HERE WORK WAS THERAPY.

647
00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:26,480
AND MENTOR DISABILITY

648
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:26,800
IRRELEVANT.

649
00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:29,680
IN FACT THE EXISTENCE OF

650
00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:31,400
DISABILITY DID NOT PRECLUDE THE

651
00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:32,720
BLACK PATIENT FROM BEING PUT TO

652
00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:34,720
WORK BECAUSE THE PRACTICE

653
00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:35,520
REPLICATED PLANTATION AND JIM

654
00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:37,680
CROW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT THE

655
00:22:37,680 --> 00:22:38,760
CAPACITIES OF THE BLACK MIND AND

656
00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:38,960
BODY.

657
00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:41,560
THAT IS THE MENTAL CAPACITY OF

658
00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:43,920
ENSLAVED PEOPLE HAD ALWAYS BEEN

659
00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:44,840
CONSIDERED IRRELEVANT TO

660
00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:46,040
ENSLAVERS WHILE THEIR BODIES

661
00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:48,000
WERE SAID TO BENEFIT FROM HARD

662
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:48,200
LABOR.

663
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:50,000
THESE ATTITUDE VS PROVIDED THE

664
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:50,760
JUSTIFICATION FOR ENSLAVEMENT

665
00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:52,640
AND THEY CARRIED OVER TO THE

666
00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:54,480
HOSPITAL SETTING WHERE THE

667
00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:56,760
PRESENCE OF MENTAL DISABILITY

668
00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:58,080
WAS BARELY RECOGNIZED WHILE THE

669
00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:00,080
BODY WAS RENDERED PRODUCTIVE

670
00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:01,360
THROUGH FARM WORK.

671
00:23:01,360 --> 00:23:04,040
THIS PARADOX WAS PARTICULARLY

672
00:23:04,040 --> 00:23:06,480
EVIDENT IN ALABAMA.

673
00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:08,840
IN 1948, SENATOR PATTERSON

674
00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:12,560
CONDUCTED AN INSPECTION OF THE

675
00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:14,240
FARM OPERATIONS AT BOTH

676
00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:15,120
HOSPITALS.

677
00:23:15,120 --> 00:23:16,560
BRIES RAN MULTIPLE FARMING

678
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:18,000
OPERATIONS THAT WERE OVERSEEN BY

679
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:21,040
A FEW PAID EMPLOYEES BUT WORKED

680
00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:22,000
ALMOST ENTIRELY BY PATIENT WHO

681
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,520
IS WERE CALLED INMATES.

682
00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:27,080
NEXT TO THE FARM IT RAN

683
00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:34,520
247-ACRES AND PRODUCED DUCED PE,

684
00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:37,400
CORN, AND MORE, HAY, OATS AND

685
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:38,040
SORGHUM.

686
00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:39,520
THE REPORT LISTED ANOTHER

687
00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:43,840
SEPARATE FARM KNOWN AS THE NEGRO

688
00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:46,120
COLONY WHICH RAN WELL OVER A

689
00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:47,880
THOUSAND ACRES, 900-ACRES OF

690
00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:49,280
CORN AND 240-ACRES OF COTTON.

691
00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:51,160
I FOUND THIS PHOTO RECENTLY IN

692
00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:52,800
THE ARCHIVES AT THE UNIVERSITY

693
00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:55,120
OF ALABAMA OF BLACKMAN WORKING

694
00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:58,240
THIS HUGE COTTON FIELD BY HAND.

695
00:23:58,240 --> 00:23:59,560
THE PHOTO COULD BE OF ANY

696
00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,560
PLANTATION BUT ON THE BACK IT

697
00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,000
REFERS EXCLUSIVELY TO THE

698
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:07,560
AFOREMENTIONED NEGRO COLONY.

699
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,240
AFTER THE INSPECTION PATTERSON

700
00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:12,720
MET WITH THE SUPER INTENDANT WHO

701
00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:14,320
OVERSAW THE SYSTEM AND DOCTORS

702
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,320
[INDISCERNIBLE] RAN THE

703
00:24:17,320 --> 00:24:17,920
HOSPITALS RESPECTIVELY.

704
00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:19,160
YOU'RE GETTING A LOT OF WORK OUT

705
00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:21,240
OF YOUR PATIENTS AND YOU ARE TO

706
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,320
BE COMMENDED FOR THAT STATED THE

707
00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:25,040
SENATOR AND WAS CORRECTED BY THE

708
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:28,080
DOCTOR WHO SAID THEY CALL IT

709
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:28,560
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY.

710
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:29,400
THE SENATOR COMMENTED THEY MUST

711
00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,600
BE GIVEN SOMETHING USEFUL TO DO

712
00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:33,720
AND THE DOCTOR SOMEWHAT TEP

713
00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:34,760
EDUCATIONALLY AGREED BUT THE

714
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,480
SENATOR LAST COMMENT IS

715
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:38,240
PARTICULARLY TELLING WHEN HE

716
00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:40,080
SAYS THAT WILL HELP THEM AS MUCH

717
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,360
AS ANY MEDICINE AND DR. P A

718
00:24:42,360 --> 00:24:45,560
RTLOW COMMENTED WE TRY TO EMPLOY

719
00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:47,800
EVERYBODY THAT IS ABLE, THE

720
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:49,360
EXPRESSING THE PREVAILING PLEEF

721
00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:50,560
THAT WORK ITSELF WAS CONSIDERED

722
00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:51,640
A CURE OR TREATMENT FOR

723
00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:53,560
DISABILITY AND EVEN THE DISABLED

724
00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:56,800
HAD NO RIGHT TO BE IDLE AS SARAH

725
00:24:56,800 --> 00:24:57,760
ROSE HAS ARGUED.

726
00:24:57,760 --> 00:24:59,680
IN GEORGIA, THE FARM AND HARD

727
00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:02,000
WORK WERE A CENTRAL PART OF LIFE

728
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:03,640
AT CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL.

729
00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:05,840
WE RARELY GET ANY INSIGHT INTO

730
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:06,720
HOW THE PATIENTS THEMSELVES FELT

731
00:25:06,720 --> 00:25:08,120
ABOUT THAT BUT I DO HAVE 1

732
00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:11,800
LETTER THAT GIVES US AN IDEA.

733
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,680
ON MAY 23, 1952 A PATIENT AT

734
00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:16,480
CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL WHO I

735
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:17,800
WILL CALL MR. M MANAGED TO POST

736
00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:20,240
THIS LETTER OUT OF THE LOCAL

737
00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:21,880
BRASH TO THE NAACP, IT'S

738
00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:23,760
SCRATCHED OUT IN PENCIL AND

739
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:28,520
REALLY HARD TO READ BUT THIS IS

740
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:31,000
MY ROUGH TRANSLATION DEAR NAACP,

741
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,160
I WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A JOB WITH

742
00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:35,320
YOU, I HAVE BEEN HERE 10 YEARS,

743
00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:36,960
WORKING HARD FOR 9 YEARS, MY

744
00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:38,040
FATHER'S BEEN DEAD FOR 6 YEARS

745
00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:39,800
AND I DO NOT KNOW NOBODY TO SIGN

746
00:25:39,800 --> 00:25:41,200
ME OUT OF THIS PLACE, I WILL

747
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:42,840
STAY WITH THEM AND PAY THE TIME

748
00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:45,680
GET ME OUT OF THIS PLACE, I WILL

749
00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:46,640
WORK JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, ANY

750
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:49,160
YOU HAVE A JOB FOR ME I WORK FOR

751
00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:52,160
I DO WORK HARD AND DON'T GET

752
00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:54,160
ANYTHING FOR IT AT ALL, I AM OUT

753
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:58,080
ON THE ROAD WORKING 5 AND HALF

754
00:25:58,080 --> 00:25:58,880
DAYS A WEEK.

755
00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:00,400
HIS APPEAL WENT NOWHERE, THE

756
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:01,800
SMALL LOCAL BRANCH COULD NOT

757
00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:03,320
SUSTAIN ENOUGH MEMBERS AND

758
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:04,960
FOLDED THE NEXT YEAR BUT HIS

759
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,800
LETTER IS REVEALING IN SOME

760
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:08,600
IMPORTANT WAYS.

761
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:09,960
FIRSTLY HE SPEAKS ONLY HIS LIFE

762
00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,640
AS A WORKER NOT AS A PATIENT.

763
00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:16,280
THIS SHAPES THE WAY HE SEES

764
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:17,920
HIMSELF AND THE BASES FOR HIS

765
00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:19,280
RELEASE, NOT THAT HE'S CURED BUT

766
00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:21,840
HE'S A GOOD WORKER, HIS LETTER

767
00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:22,960
ALSO REVEALS THERE ARE LEGAL

768
00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:24,800
PROCESSES THAT ARE NOT BEING

769
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,400
FOLLOWED IN HIS CASE THAT HE

770
00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:27,800
NEEDS SOMEONE TO SIGN HIM OUT

771
00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:29,040
THAT HE'S NOT BEING PAID FOR THE

772
00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:30,760
WORK HE'S DOING AND THAT HE

773
00:26:30,760 --> 00:26:33,920
KNOWS TO APPEAL TO THE END

774
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:34,160
NAACP.

775
00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:35,680
MOST STRIKING FOR MOOY IN THE

776
00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:38,000
LETTER IS THE FACT THAT HE'S

777
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:41,360
WILLING TO SIGN HIMSELF FOR ANY

778
00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:42,600
KIND OF INDENTURED ARRANGEMENT

779
00:26:42,600 --> 00:26:45,240
TO GET OUT OF THE HOSPITAL, HE'S

780
00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:48,680
NOT COMPLAINING ABOUT THE WORK,

781
00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:50,480
HE'S COMPLAINING ABOUT BEING

782
00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:50,680
THERE.

783
00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:52,120
I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT HAPPENED TO

784
00:26:52,120 --> 00:26:57,280
HIM BUT SOME THINGS WERE EXPOSED

785
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:57,520
LATER.

786
00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:01,320
IN A SERIES OF MORE THAN 60

787
00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:02,480
ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN 1959,

788
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:04,480
NELINGSON SET OUT THE TERRIBLE

789
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:06,560
CONDITIONS AT CENTRAL STATE

790
00:27:06,560 --> 00:27:07,800
HOSPITAL, MOSTLY FOCUSED ON

791
00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:08,960
WHITE PEOPLE BUT THERE ARE KEY

792
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:10,600
ARTICLES THAT DETAIL THE WAYS

793
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,160
BLACK PATIENTS WERE KEPT

794
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:15,960
SEPARATE FROM OTHERS IN

795
00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:16,600
DISCUSSIONS CONCENTRATIONS AND

796
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:20,200
SENT OUT TO WORK ON THE FIELDS

797
00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:21,640
OR ON THE PLANTATION.

798
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:23,120
THE GOVERNOR INSPECED THE

799
00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:25,600
HOSPITAL IN JULY 1959 AND WAS

800
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,080
APPALLED TO FIND 240 PATIENTS

801
00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:30,640
SITTING AND STANDING AROUND

802
00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:32,000
DOING NOTHING THEY'RE LABORERS

803
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:33,480
IN THE HOSPITAL FARM.

804
00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:36,560
A SECOND BUILDING WHICH HE

805
00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:41,560
COMMENTED WASN'T GOOD ENOUGH FOR

806
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:43,640
PRISONERS MUCH LESS PEOPLE, ONLY

807
00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:45,200
2 SHOWERS ONLY 1 OF WHICH WAS

808
00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:46,160
WORKING THE GOVERNOR NOTED THERE

809
00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:49,280
WERE NO LIGHTS IN THE BATHROOMS

810
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:50,600
AND LACKED INADEQUATE EXITS

811
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:52,640
MAKING THE BUILDING A TERRIBLE

812
00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:53,920
FIRE TRAP.

813
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,120
THE GOVERNOR WAS APPALLED BY THE

814
00:27:56,120 --> 00:27:58,080
FOOD THAT WAS LAID OUT ON A

815
00:27:58,080 --> 00:28:00,680
TABLE GOING COLD AS IT HAD BEEN

816
00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:01,520
PREPARED PER PATIENTS WORKING ON

817
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:02,120
THE FIELD.

818
00:28:02,120 --> 00:28:03,200
OTHER PATIENTS WERE HELD BACK

819
00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:04,880
FROM EATING THE FOOD BECAUSE IT

820
00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:06,320
WAS DESIGNATED FOR THE FIELD

821
00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:07,240
HANDS INDICATING THERE WAS NOT

822
00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:10,120
ENOUGH FOOD TO GO AROUND.

823
00:28:10,120 --> 00:28:12,160
HE COMMENTED OF THE FOOD I DON'T

824
00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:13,600
SEE A DOG COULD HAVE EATEN IT

825
00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:16,280
AND BOTH THE GOVERNOR AND A FEW

826
00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:17,360
OTHER PEOPLE IN HIS PARTY TALKED

827
00:28:17,360 --> 00:28:18,840
TO PATIENTS AND THE REST OF THE

828
00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:20,240
ARTICLE TALKED IN THERE HOW SOME

829
00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:22,200
OF THEM HAD BEEN THEIR FOR LIKE

830
00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:22,800
40 AND 50 YEARS.

831
00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:24,960
AND NEVER HAD A VISITOR AND WERE

832
00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:27,240
ASKING ABOUT PEOPLE FROM THEIR

833
00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:29,240
COUNTY WHO IS HAD LONG DIED SO

834
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:30,640
THE PEOPLE HAD BEEN THERE FOR A

835
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:31,360
LONG TIME.

836
00:28:31,360 --> 00:28:34,840
APART FROM THESE TERRIBLE

837
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:36,760
CONDITIONS, CONSTANT SLIPPAGE

838
00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:38,200
BETWEEN WORKERS INNATES FIELD

839
00:28:38,200 --> 00:28:39,600
HANDS SHOWS THE DANGEROUS AND

840
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:41,960
VIOLENCE THAT PATIENTS IN

841
00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:43,080
PARTICULAR INHABITED.

842
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:44,240
WHERE BEING HOSPITALIZED FOR

843
00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:47,040
DISABILITY WAS NO PROTECTION,

844
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:49,560
THE RELENTLESS ONSLAUGHT OF BOTH

845
00:28:49,560 --> 00:28:51,560
WHITE SUPREMACY AND RACIAL

846
00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:52,200
CAPITALISM.

847
00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:54,640
SEVENTY YEARS LATER THE ACTIVIST

848
00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:56,520
TOOK HIS OWN INFECTION OF THE

849
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:57,480
CONDITION FOR PATIENTS THERE,

850
00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:01,760
WHAT HE FOUND WAS A SYSTEM

851
00:29:01,760 --> 00:29:03,000
NOTHING SHORT OF

852
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:04,640
[INDISCERNIBLE].

853
00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:06,400
THE DOCUMENTED THAT BOTH NEGRO

854
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:08,080
MEN AND WOMEN ARE TRANSFERRED

855
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:10,680
FROM 1 HOSPITAL TO ANOTHER FOR

856
00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:10,960
FARMING.

857
00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:12,520
NEGROS STAY ON THE FARM AT

858
00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:14,600
NORTH, SOME OF WHOM ARE

859
00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:17,000
TRANSPORTED BY BUS AND THEN

860
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:17,760
RETURNED EACH NIGHT.

861
00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:21,160
NORTH PRT THE SIDE OF THE

862
00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:22,120
AFOREMENTIONED NEGRO COLONY WAS

863
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:24,000
ACROSS FROM BRIES MORE THAN

864
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:26,120
8-MILES AWAY AND IS CALLED

865
00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:28,440
EITHER THE JAIMISON CENTER OR

866
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:31,440
CENTER NUMBER 2 BUT PEOPLE WHO

867
00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:32,640
WERE MOVED THERE RECEIVE NO

868
00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:33,280
TREATMENT AT ALL.

869
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:35,600
MANY WERE ASSIGNED TO WORK AT

870
00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:37,120
FARMS AND WOMEN WERE PUT TO WORK

871
00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:39,280
AT KITCHENS AND LAUNDRIAS.

872
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,080
THESE ALSO DOCUMENTED PRACTICE

873
00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:42,480
OF LETTING PEOPLE HIRE OUT A

874
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:44,040
BLACK PATIENT TO WORK AS A

875
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:45,240
DOMESTIC SERVANT FOR THE DAY.

876
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:48,960
NO PATIENT WAS EVER PAID FOR ANY

877
00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:50,120
OF THIS WORK.

878
00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:51,000
SENATOR PATTERSON WAS RIGHT

879
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:52,440
WHENEE SAID THAT THE PURPOSE OF

880
00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:55,560
TREATING PATIENTS IN THIS WAY

881
00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:57,320
WAS OBSTRUCTIVE LABOR, BLOCKING

882
00:29:57,320 --> 00:29:59,080
PATIENTS IN HARD AGRICULTURAL

883
00:29:59,080 --> 00:30:00,280
AND DOMESTIC WORK RATHER THAN

884
00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:02,280
ALLOWING THEM TO DEVELOP NEW

885
00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:05,640
SKILLS THROUGH THE INTELLECTUAL

886
00:30:05,640 --> 00:30:08,360
PURSUE SUITS WAS AN EFFECTIVE

887
00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:09,160
AND DELIBERATE PASSION, DESIGNED

888
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,160
TO KEEP THE PLAQUE PATIENT DOWN.

889
00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:13,560
THE PRACTICED OF FORCED WORK

890
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:15,920
UNDER THE THREAT OF VIOLENCE,

891
00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:17,600
REINFORCED EXISTING LABOR

892
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:18,560
RELATIONS, INSURING REPRODUCTION

893
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:20,920
OF AN UNSKILLED WORKFORCE BOTH

894
00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:22,480
WITHIN THE ASYLUM.

895
00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:25,160
FORCED IN UNPAID LABOR

896
00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:26,720
UNDERWROTE THE FUNDING OF

897
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:28,920
ASYLUMS THAT BENEFITED WHITE

898
00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:30,200
PATIENTS AND ADMINISTRATORS

899
00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:31,240
REPLICATING LONG RUNNING JIM

900
00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:35,200
CROW LABOR AND SOCIAL RELATIONS.

901
00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:36,720
THAL IS DOUBLY IRONIC WHEN WE

902
00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:37,840
CONSIDER THAT BLACK PATIENTS

903
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:39,280
WERE FORCED TO BUILD AND

904
00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:41,640
MAINTAIN THE SYSTEM THAT KEPT

905
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:43,160
THEM CONFINED BUT NOW UNDER THE

906
00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:46,560
GUISE OF TREATMENT WHICH WAS NOT

907
00:30:46,560 --> 00:30:48,080
TREATMENT AT ALL.

908
00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:51,520
AT THE VERY BEST WAS KEEPING

909
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:53,120
VULNERRERRABLE TOO TIRED TO

910
00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:53,640
COMPLAIN.

911
00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:58,120
THAT REFLECTED THE PREVAILINGCE

912
00:30:58,120 --> 00:30:59,280
BELIEF IN PSYCHIATRY ITSELF,

913
00:30:59,280 --> 00:31:00,440
THAT THE BLACK PATIENT WAS

914
00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:02,400
TREATABLE THROUGH THE BODY AND

915
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:03,720
NOT THE MIND.

916
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:05,400
FOR PSYCHIATRY THERE WERE

917
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:06,400
EXISTENCE BEYOND THERAPY.

918
00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:07,600
OT PLANATION THEY WERE MAD

919
00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:08,840
BECAUSE THEY RAN AWAY.

920
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:11,880
IN THE 20th CENTURY THEY WERE

921
00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:13,200
NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE FOR

922
00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:14,240
THERAPIES, THEY WERE BY

923
00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:17,720
DEFINITION OF THEIR BLACKNESS

924
00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:19,080
ALWAYS ALREADY CRAZY.

925
00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:20,480
THESE ATTITUDES EMBEDDED IN

926
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:22,000
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRY ITSELF ARE

927
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,600
REFLECTED IN INSTITUTIONAL

928
00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:26,560
PRACTICES LIKE DIAGNOSIS.

929
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:27,880
UNDERSTANDING DIAGNOSISSING THE

930
00:31:27,880 --> 00:31:31,160
PRACTICE OF THE EXERCISE AND THE

931
00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:32,360
DATA HERE WAS HARD TO FIND.

932
00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:34,800
IT WAS NOT KEPT THE SAME WAY IN

933
00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:36,960
EACH STATE AND FOR SOME REASON

934
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:37,880
MISSISSIPPI DIDN'T RECORD

935
00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:38,920
DIAGNOSIS BY RACE AT ALL BUT I

936
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:41,720
HAVE A SET OF DIAGNOSTIC DATA

937
00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:43,600
FROM CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL IN

938
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:43,800
GEORGIA.

939
00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:46,440
PULLED FROM THESE IN THE ANNUAL

940
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:46,680
REPORTS.

941
00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:48,640
I EMPLOYED THE SKILLS OF A

942
00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,760
STATISTICIAN TO HELP ME MAKE

943
00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:53,080
SENSE OF SOME OF THEM BUT BEFORE

944
00:31:53,080 --> 00:31:56,000
I GO DETAIL I HAVE A CAVEAT OR

945
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:57,920
2, THE DIAGNOSIS WERE BROKEN

946
00:31:57,920 --> 00:31:59,680
DOWN BY AGE, RACE AND GENDER

947
00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:02,000
THIS THESE TABLES THAT USE THESE

948
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:03,720
FROM DSM 1, FIRSTLY I DO NOT

949
00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:04,640
HAVE--BECAUSE I DON'T HAVE

950
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:07,520
ACCESS TO ANY OTHER DETAILED

951
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:09,800
PATIENT CASE FILES, I CAN'T TELL

952
00:32:09,800 --> 00:32:10,960
THEM ANYTHING ABOUT HOW

953
00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:12,800
INDIVIDUAL PEOPLE WERE DIAGNOSED

954
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:16,120
OR HOW THAT DIAGNOSIS WAS

955
00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:16,480
OPERATIONALIZED.

956
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:18,520
SECONDLY DSM1 WAS PROBLEMATIC

957
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:19,240
BECAUSE IT CLASSIFIED ILLNESS

958
00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:20,640
BASED ON THE PERCEIVED CAUSE,

959
00:32:20,640 --> 00:32:23,800
THAT CAUSE WAS DETERMINED BY

960
00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:25,200
WHAT PHYSICIANS MAKING

961
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:26,200
INTERPRETATIONS OF PEOPLE'S

962
00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:26,480
BEHAVIOR.

963
00:32:26,480 --> 00:32:28,240
SO I DO NOT TAKE THESE AS

964
00:32:28,240 --> 00:32:29,880
LITERAL OR ACTUAL DIAGNOSIS,

965
00:32:29,880 --> 00:32:30,880
THEY'RE NOT REALLY TELLING US

966
00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:33,320
HOW MANY HAD A PARTICULAR

967
00:32:33,320 --> 00:32:35,720
ILLNESS, SO MUCH AS HOW MANY

968
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:36,480
PEOPLE WERE CLASS JUSTIFIED IN

969
00:32:36,480 --> 00:32:38,080
THAT WAY AND I MAKE THIS

970
00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:39,160
DISTINCTION BECAUSE I KNOW THIS

971
00:32:39,160 --> 00:32:41,320
HOSPITAL IS REALLY HAY CUSTODIAL

972
00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:43,560
WAREHOUSE NOT A PLACE OF THERAPY

973
00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:45,120
OR TREATMENT.

974
00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:46,280
SO DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATIONS

975
00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:49,200
ARE ABOUT PEOPLE MANAGEMENT,

976
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:50,400
ADMINISTRATORS WERE MOSTLY

977
00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:51,240
CONCERNED WITH CATALOGING PEOPLE

978
00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:52,480
AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE AND

979
00:32:52,480 --> 00:32:53,200
REPORTING NUMBERS BACK TO THE

980
00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:55,760
STATE IN WAYS THAT WOULDN'T HELP

981
00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:57,160
BUDGET REQUESTS, RATHER THAN

982
00:32:57,160 --> 00:32:59,120
TRULY REFLECTING ACTUAL DISEASE

983
00:32:59,120 --> 00:32:59,760
REFULENCE.

984
00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:02,040
HAVING SAID THAT, UNDERSTANDING

985
00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:04,280
PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DIAGNOSIS

986
00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:06,720
CAN HELP DEMONSTRATE THE SOCIAL

987
00:33:06,720 --> 00:33:07,880
CONSTRUCTION AND INSTABILITY OF

988
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:09,720
DISEASE CATEGORIES AND WARN US

989
00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:11,760
AGAINST MAKING CLAIMS ABOUT

990
00:33:11,760 --> 00:33:12,200
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS.

991
00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,160
SO, LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE

992
00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:16,520
MOST COMMON DIAGNOSIS, THE FIRST

993
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:17,960
THING WE DID WAS TRY TO PUT

994
00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:20,200
TOGETHER AN OVERALL PICTURE OF

995
00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:22,000
THE DIAGNOSTIC ATMOSPHERE, THIS

996
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:23,800
DATA SELLS A REALLY INTERESTING

997
00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:26,840
STORY ABOUT THE BROADWAYS THAT

998
00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:29,760
PRACTICES WERE RACIALIZED. 

999
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:32,440
USING DATA FROM 1956-1968 WITH 2

1000
00:33:32,440 --> 00:33:34,960
YEARS MISSING WE SEE 2 CATEGORS

1001
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:38,640
THAT ALL RACE SEX GROWMS HAD IN

1002
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:39,120
COMMON.

1003
00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:40,400
BUT THE BIGGEST STORY HERE IS

1004
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:43,440
THAT IF I ADD UP THE PERCENT OF

1005
00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:44,920
POPULATION REPRESENTED IN EACH

1006
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:53,600
DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY AND I'M

1007
00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:55,320
USING--OBVIOUSLY THERE'S LESS

1008
00:33:55,320 --> 00:33:55,640
PEOPLE--SORRY.

1009
00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:57,800
IT TURNS OUT THAT THE TOP 5

1010
00:33:57,800 --> 00:33:59,800
DIAGNOSIS ACCOUNT FOR 75% OF ALL

1011
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:01,600
BLACK WOMEN'S DIAGNOSIS AND ONLY

1012
00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:05,800
58% OF WHITE MEN'S DIAGNOSIS.

1013
00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:07,240
BLACK MEN AND WHITE WOMEN

1014
00:34:07,240 --> 00:34:09,200
EXPERIENCE THE SAME LEVEL OF

1015
00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:10,040
DIAGNOSTIC COMPLEXITY.

1016
00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:11,240
THIS TELLS ME THERE'S MUCH LESS

1017
00:34:11,240 --> 00:34:12,640
NUANCE IN THE WAY THAT BLACK

1018
00:34:12,640 --> 00:34:15,840
WOMEN ARE BEING DIAGNOSED I

1019
00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:17,800
THINK YOU CAN SEE HERE THE

1020
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:20,680
SOCIAL AND GENDERIRE ARCHY

1021
00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:21,960
REFLECTED IN THESE PERCENTAGES,

1022
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:24,200
THIS IS MOST IN THE CATEGORY OF

1023
00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:24,800
SCHIZOPHREN WHY.

1024
00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:27,960
WHERE AFTER THE PEEK FOR WHITE

1025
00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:29,840
WOMEN IN 1958 AND THEN THE DATA

1026
00:34:29,840 --> 00:34:32,560
FOR 59 IS MISSING AND THEN IN

1027
00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:34,040
1960 BLACK WOMEN AND MEN WITHOUT

1028
00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:35,440
EXCEPTION ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO

1029
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,880
BE DIAGNOSED IN THIS CATEGORY.

1030
00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:38,880
IT'S ABSOLUTELY NO CO SINCE

1031
00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:41,360
DENSE TO ME THAT THIS SHIFTING

1032
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:42,440
DIAGNOSTIC PRACTICE WHICH IS NOT

1033
00:34:42,440 --> 00:34:45,200
A SHIFT IN ACTUAL DISEASE

1034
00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:46,800
PREVALENCE, OCCURS FROM 1960

1035
00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:47,640
ONWARDS ALONGSIDE THE RISE OF

1036
00:34:47,640 --> 00:34:53,720
BLACK POWER AND CIVIL RIGHTS

1037
00:34:53,720 --> 00:34:55,720
MOVEMENT.

1038
00:34:55,720 --> 00:34:57,240
[INDISCERNIBLE] ARGUED IN THE

1039
00:34:57,240 --> 00:34:58,640
PSYCHOSIS BUT THIS POIGN POINTS

1040
00:34:58,640 --> 00:34:59,720
THE MOMENT THE CHANGE TAKES

1041
00:34:59,720 --> 00:35:01,520
PLACE AND THIS ARGUES, AND

1042
00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:03,680
DEMONSTRATES THAT IT WAS BLACK

1043
00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:07,720
WOMEN WHO WERE BEING

1044
00:35:07,720 --> 00:35:08,040
OVERDIAGNOSED.

1045
00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:09,360
SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID TOIP GAVE

1046
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:10,640
PSYCHIATRISTS THE ABILITY TO

1047
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:13,880
CLASSIFY ANGER OR FRUSTRATION OR

1048
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:17,320
CONSPIRACY THEORIES AS A KIND OF

1049
00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:19,080
DILUTION, THESE DIAGNOSTIC

1050
00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:20,760
PATTERNS CREATE THE RACIAL%

1051
00:35:20,760 --> 00:35:24,480
DIFFERENCE BASED ON SOCIAL AND

1052
00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:26,000
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY NOT ON

1053
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,400
SCIENCE AT ALL.

1054
00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:29,360
THE DISPROPORTIONATE BURDEN BY

1055
00:35:29,360 --> 00:35:31,480
BLACK WOMEN IS BORN OUT IN THE

1056
00:35:31,480 --> 00:35:32,080
MORTALITY DATA.

1057
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:33,880
THE DATA HERE IS PATCHY, DEATHS

1058
00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:35,520
ARE NOT RECORDED BY AGE OR IN

1059
00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:37,200
RELATION TO THE INITIAL

1060
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:37,440
DIAGNOSIS.

1061
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:41,320
AND SOME YEARS WHEN WE WERE

1062
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:43,640
MISSING INTEERPLY BUT AGAIN

1063
00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:49,560
PLAQUE WOMEN APPEARED TO BE

1064
00:35:49,560 --> 00:35:51,720
INSTITUTIONALIZED. 

1065
00:35:51,720 --> 00:35:53,920
SO WE RAN A AGGRESSION ADJUSTING

1066
00:35:53,920 --> 00:35:55,160
FOR SEX AND RACE.

1067
00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:56,760
IT SHOWS THAT DEATHS DECREASE

1068
00:35:56,760 --> 00:35:58,800
OVER TIME FOR EVERYONE BUT ODDS

1069
00:35:58,800 --> 00:36:01,280
OF DEATH ARE NEARLY IDENTICAL

1070
00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:03,840
FOR BLACK MEN AND INDICATING

1071
00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:05,240
SLIGHTLY LESS LIKELY FOR WHITE

1072
00:36:05,240 --> 00:36:07,600
WOMEN, BEING A WHITE MAN WAS

1073
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:09,240
ACTIVELY PROTECTIVE AGAINST

1074
00:36:09,240 --> 00:36:09,960
DEATH, INDICATING UNDERLYING

1075
00:36:09,960 --> 00:36:11,440
HEGHT AND LIVING CONDITIONS FOR

1076
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:13,080
WHITE MEN WITHIN THE INNS

1077
00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:17,280
TUITION WERE MUCH BETTER THAN

1078
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:17,920
FOR OTHER GROUPS.

1079
00:36:17,920 --> 00:36:19,880
BLACK MEN AND WOMEN WERE 6 TIMES

1080
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:22,120
MORE LIKELY TO DIE WHILE

1081
00:36:22,120 --> 00:36:23,640
INSTITUTIONALIZED THAN WHITE

1082
00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:24,880
PATIENTS.

1083
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:25,520
DISPARITIES AND DIAGNOSIS ARE

1084
00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:28,520
ALSO REFLECT INDEED DIFFERENCES

1085
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:30,040
IN TREATMENT MODALITIES.

1086
00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:30,960
SAYING ANYTHING DEFINITIVE ABOUT

1087
00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:32,360
TREATMENT CARE IS ALSO MADE

1088
00:36:32,360 --> 00:36:34,160
DIFFICULT BY SILENCES AND

1089
00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:35,560
INCONSISTENCIES IN THE

1090
00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:36,360
RESOURCES.

1091
00:36:36,360 --> 00:36:38,120
WHILE THIS INSTITUTIONS WERE

1092
00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:39,200
LARGELY CUSTODIAL FOR MOST

1093
00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:41,040
PATIENTS AND LARGE DOSES OF NEW

1094
00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:44,000
DRUGS LIE THORIA SWREEN AND NEW

1095
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:45,240
TECHNOLOGIES LIKE ELECTROSHOCK

1096
00:36:45,240 --> 00:36:46,640
THERAPY WERE STANDARD PRACTICE,

1097
00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:47,880
THERE'S STILL EVIDENCE THAT

1098
00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:48,640
EXPECTATIONS LECT ROUGH ATOM

1099
00:36:48,640 --> 00:36:50,160
SHOCK IN PARTICULAR WAS APPLIED

1100
00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:51,800
TO PLAQUE BODIES MORE OFTEN,

1101
00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,120
MORE VIOLENTLY AND MORE AS A

1102
00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:56,200
FORM OF PUNISHMENT OR BEHAVIOR

1103
00:36:56,200 --> 00:36:57,480
CONTROL THAN ANY ATTEMPT OF

1104
00:36:57,480 --> 00:36:57,840
CURE.

1105
00:36:57,840 --> 00:36:59,240
NONE OF THE REPORTS FROM CENTRAL

1106
00:36:59,240 --> 00:37:01,040
STATE IN GEORGIA FOR EXAMPLE,

1107
00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:02,920
PRESENT ANY COHERENT SETS OF

1108
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:05,760
DATA FOR USE OF TECHNOLOGIES IKE

1109
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:08,560
ACT, SO THEY KEEP THE COMPLEX

1110
00:37:08,560 --> 00:37:10,120
DIAGNOSTIC DATA BUT NO TREATMENT

1111
00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:10,760
DATA AT ALL.

1112
00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:12,480
THIS IS LARGELY THE CASE IN

1113
00:37:12,480 --> 00:37:13,360
MISSISSIPPI AS WELL.

1114
00:37:13,360 --> 00:37:17,240
BUT I HAVE 1 INTERESTING SET OF

1115
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:18,560
COMPARATIVE SET OF DATA FROM BAM

1116
00:37:18,560 --> 00:37:24,080
BOTTOM IN USE OF ELECTROSHOCK

1117
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:24,320
THERAPY.

1118
00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:30,960
THIS SHOWS THE USE OF THIS

1119
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:31,440
BETWEEN PATIENTS.

1120
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:32,880
TO ME THE MOST TELLING NUMBERS

1121
00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:35,040
HERE ARE THE INSTANCES OF ECT

1122
00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:38,880
PRESENTED AS A PERCENTAGE OF

1123
00:37:38,880 --> 00:37:40,720
PATIENTS, SO IN 1954, YOU SEE

1124
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:44,480
ALMOST 42 PRS OF THE POPULATION

1125
00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,240
OF SEARSY HOSPITAL, IN MOBILE,

1126
00:37:46,240 --> 00:37:48,240
RECEIVED SOME KIND OF ECT

1127
00:37:48,240 --> 00:37:50,040
COMPARED TO ONLY 20% OF THE

1128
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:52,040
POPULATION AT BRIES HOSPITAL.

1129
00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:52,960
RIGHT?

1130
00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:56,120
BUT THE PATIENTS AT SEARCY ARE

1131
00:37:56,120 --> 00:37:57,640
GIVEN LESS ON AVERAGE WHICH

1132
00:37:57,640 --> 00:37:59,280
INDICATES IT'S USED AS A BROAD

1133
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:06,920
FORM OF THE CONTROL. 

1134
00:38:06,920 --> 00:38:17,200
AND ALSO LOOK AT.

1135
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:18,840
>> HERE WE CAN SEE THE
RATES OF

1136
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:29,320
TREATMENT FOR BLACK PATIENTS

1137
00:38:40,720 --> 00:38:43,320
STILL LNL DOUBLE.

1138
00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,160
--RUN A NUMBER OF STORIES ABOUT

1139
00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:47,520
LEGAL ACT VISION AND THE WAY IN

1140
00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:52,320
ALABAMA WAS USED AS A PLACE OF

1141
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:53,720
CONTROL AND PUNISHMENT AND

1142
00:38:53,720 --> 00:38:54,960
HORRIFYING TEACHER AND I WILL

1143
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:58,840
QUOTE FROM A LITTLE SECTION.

1144
00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:02,160
YOU CAN BUY FOOD AT THE PATIENT

1145
00:39:02,160 --> 00:39:03,320
CANTEEN, IT'S RUN BY WHITE

1146
00:39:03,320 --> 00:39:04,640
PEOPLE, THE FOOD IS THROWN NOT

1147
00:39:04,640 --> 00:39:06,680
HANDED TO YOU LIKE YOU WERE A

1148
00:39:06,680 --> 00:39:07,880
DOG, PATIENTS VOLUNTEERED TO

1149
00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:10,240
WORK AND OTHERS ARE FORCED AND

1150
00:39:10,240 --> 00:39:11,200
THEY WILL CARRY CLOTHES ON THE

1151
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:12,440
BACKS TO RAIN OR SHINE, IF

1152
00:39:12,440 --> 00:39:13,960
THEY'RE NOT THERE, THEY LOOK FOR

1153
00:39:13,960 --> 00:39:15,960
AS IF THEY WERE PAID TO WORK,

1154
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:17,160
MEN AND SOME WOMEN GO TO THE

1155
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:20,000
WORK TO GO TO THE GARDEN AND 2

1156
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:22,160
OF THEM WORK FOR THE DOCTOR AND

1157
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:23,240
THE SUPERINTENDENT IF YOU TALK

1158
00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:24,560
BACK TO THEM OR SASS THEM AS YOU

1159
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:27,000
CALL IT YOU ARE GIVEN AN

1160
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:28,240
ELECTRIC SHOCK TREATMENT, ALL

1161
00:39:28,240 --> 00:39:29,680
THE ATTENDANT HAS TO SAY IS I

1162
00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:30,760
WANT THIS PATIENT SHOCKED AND

1163
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:40,200
THE PATIENT IS TAKEN IN FOR

1164
00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:40,480
TREATMENT.

1165
00:39:40,480 --> 00:39:42,280
A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE BEEN

1166
00:39:42,280 --> 00:39:44,800
SHOCKED AND NEVER AWAKENED

1167
00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:45,000
AGAIN.

1168
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:47,960
SO THE AUTHOR OF THIS STORY THE

1169
00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:49,480
ONLY POSSIBLE SOLUTION WAS

1170
00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:49,760
INTEGRATION.

1171
00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:51,280
IT WOULD TAKE A CONCERTED LEGAL

1172
00:39:51,280 --> 00:39:52,680
AND COMMUNITY EFFORT AND THE

1173
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:54,680
ENFORCEMENT OF NEW CIVIL RIGHTS

1174
00:39:54,680 --> 00:40:05,200
PROVISIONS TO END GENE IN THE

1175
00:40:16,680 --> 00:40:17,080
ASYLUM.

1176
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:19,360
--THEN IN 1964, TITLE 6 OF THE

1177
00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:20,320
CIVIL RIGHTS OUTLAW

1178
00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:22,080
DISCRIMINATION IN THE USE OF

1179
00:40:22,080 --> 00:40:23,960
FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ANY PUBLIC

1180
00:40:23,960 --> 00:40:26,160
SERVICE AND I'VE WRITTEN

1181
00:40:26,160 --> 00:40:27,360
EXTENSIVELY THE JOURNAL OF

1182
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:29,480
SOUTHERN HISTORY ABOUT THIS VERY

1183
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:30,440
COMLICATED LEGAL PROCESS SO I

1184
00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:32,200
WON'T BORE YOU WITH IT HERE BUT

1185
00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:35,200
I WILL QUICKLY SUMMARIZE IN

1186
00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:36,520
NOVEMBER OF 1967, THE LEGAL

1187
00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:38,080
DEFENSE FUND DRAWING ON THE WORK

1188
00:40:38,080 --> 00:40:41,200
OF CANNED WHAT AND OTHER LOCAL

1189
00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:42,280
LAWYERS LAUNCHED A CLASS ACTION

1190
00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:44,240
ON BEHALF OF PATIENTS IN THE

1191
00:40:44,240 --> 00:40:45,680
U.S. DISTRICT COURT IN

1192
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:50,960
MONTGOMERY TO END SEGREGATION IN

1193
00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:51,560
ALABAMA PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS.

1194
00:40:51,560 --> 00:40:53,880
BUT JUDGING THAT CASE WAS FRANK

1195
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,200
JOHNSON, FAMOUS FOR UPHOLDING

1196
00:40:56,200 --> 00:40:58,880
CIVIL RIGHTS LAW AND GEORGE

1197
00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:00,160
WALLACE ON FEBRUARY 111969 THE

1198
00:41:00,160 --> 00:41:02,360
COURT HANDED DOWN ITS FINDING IN

1199
00:41:02,360 --> 00:41:04,480
WHAT JUDGE JOHNSON DESCRIBED AS

1200
00:41:04,480 --> 00:41:06,200
LONG AND COMPLICATED LITIGATION

1201
00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:08,360
OVER A STRAIGHT FORWARD PROBLEM

1202
00:41:08,360 --> 00:41:10,400
THAT SEGREGATION WAS ILLEGAL AND

1203
00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:11,760
UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

1204
00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:15,440
HE GAVE OFFICIALS 12 MONTHS TO

1205
00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:21,680
INTEGRATE BRYCE AND SEARCY,

1206
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:22,960
SAYING THAT WHILEEE LEFT

1207
00:41:22,960 --> 00:41:23,840
INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DECISIONS UP

1208
00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:25,960
TO DOCTORS, HE BELIEVED THAT

1209
00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:29,920
CLASS IIVESS OF RACIAL

1210
00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:30,680
DIFFERENCE WERE SUSPECT.

1211
00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:35,560
AND JOHNSON DO MORE THAN RULE

1212
00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:37,680
AGAINST ALABAMA, HE ORDERED

1213
00:41:37,680 --> 00:41:38,760
TRANSFER OF PATES EMPLOYMENT OF

1214
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:41,680
STAFF AND THE PAY FOR PATIENTS

1215
00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:42,000
AND EMPLOYEES.

1216
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:43,360
HE THEREFORE ORDERED THAT THE

1217
00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:45,440
ALABAMA HEALTH SYSTEM REPORT TO

1218
00:41:45,440 --> 00:41:46,680
THE CALLOT INTEGRATION PROGRESS

1219
00:41:46,680 --> 00:41:48,240
EVERY 6 MONTHS UNTIL THE COURT

1220
00:41:48,240 --> 00:41:49,360
WAS SATISFIED.

1221
00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:53,240
AND THOSE REPORTS CONTINUE UNTIL

1222
00:41:53,240 --> 00:41:53,480
1977.

1223
00:41:53,480 --> 00:41:54,720
SO I'M GOING TO FINISH WITH A

1224
00:41:54,720 --> 00:41:56,840
QUICK STORY THAT'S TAKES US BACK

1225
00:41:56,840 --> 00:42:00,320
WE THINK THAT EVERYTHING WE FIND

1226
00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:02,520
IN THE ARCHIVES IS FAIR GAME BUT

1227
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:03,720
I'VE BEEN RETHINKING MY POSITION

1228
00:42:03,720 --> 00:42:05,480
ON THAT LATELY, I SAT ON THE

1229
00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:07,200
LETTER IF ARE A LONG TIME NOT

1230
00:42:07,200 --> 00:42:08,760
SURE HOW BEST TO USE IT BUT I

1231
00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:09,520
MENTIONED EARLIER THAT I USE

1232
00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:12,400
TODAY WITH THE COMMISSION OF HER

1233
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:13,720
FAMILY, LAST YEAR I DECIDED TO

1234
00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:15,760
SEE IF I COULD FIND HER AND I

1235
00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:18,200
GOOGLED HER, I FOUND HER

1236
00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:19,840
OBITUARY, SHE PASSED AWAY IN

1237
00:42:19,840 --> 00:42:20,040
2018.

1238
00:42:20,040 --> 00:42:22,040
HER SERVICE WAS HELD AT THE

1239
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:23,640
REFUGE TEMPLE IN JACKSON

1240
00:42:23,640 --> 00:42:24,720
MISSISSIPPI, I WROTE TO THE

1241
00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:26,360
PASTOR OF THE CHURCH TO SEE IF

1242
00:42:26,360 --> 00:42:28,280
ANY OF HER FAMILY MEMBERS WERE

1243
00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:30,480
STILL ALIVE AND WITHIN AN HOUR I

1244
00:42:30,480 --> 00:42:33,120
RECEIVED A REPLY E-MAIL CONTACT

1245
00:42:33,120 --> 00:42:34,920
MEMBER FOR HER OLDEST LIVING SON

1246
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:36,760
RONALD WHO WANTED ME TO CALL

1247
00:42:36,760 --> 00:42:36,960
HIM.

1248
00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:39,280
LONG STORY SHORT, I DID AND WE

1249
00:42:39,280 --> 00:42:40,920
TALKED FOR AGES AND HE TOLD ME

1250
00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:44,160
THE FULL STORY OF HIS BROTHER'S

1251
00:42:44,160 --> 00:42:45,600
ILLNESS AND THE RELENTLESSNESS

1252
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:49,160
OF HIS MOTHER TO HELP HIM GEM

1253
00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:52,520
THE HELP HE NEEDED.

1254
00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:54,440
THOMAS WAS READMITTED TO THE

1255
00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:55,640
SCHOOL AND HIS MOM DID NOT LIKE

1256
00:42:55,640 --> 00:42:57,640
IT THERE AND WORKED TO HER SON

1257
00:42:57,640 --> 00:43:00,320
MOVED TO A NEW GROAP HOME IN THE

1258
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:00,880
1970S.

1259
00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:02,000
AND BROOK HAVEN WAS ABLE TO GET

1260
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:03,880
THE CARE HE NODE NEEDED AND WAS

1261
00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:05,240
ABLE TO COME HOME AND SPEND

1262
00:43:05,240 --> 00:43:07,120
PERIODS OF TIME WITH HIS FAMILY.

1263
00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:08,520
THOMAS LIVED AT BROOK HAVEN AND

1264
00:43:08,520 --> 00:43:13,360
JACKSON UNTIL HE DEVELOPED

1265
00:43:13,360 --> 00:43:14,320
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND DIED AT

1266
00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:16,880
KING'S HOSPITAL IN JACKSON IN

1267
00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:17,400
2015.

1268
00:43:17,400 --> 00:43:19,000
THOMAS IS BURIED NEXT TO HIS

1269
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:20,000
MOTHER IN JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI.

1270
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:22,200
I WANT TO FINISH TODAY BY

1271
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:23,920
ACKNOWLEDGING THE TRAUMA AND

1272
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:26,080
FRUSTRATION THAT SHE MUST HAVE

1273
00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:28,520
FELT TRYING TO GET HELP FOR HER

1274
00:43:28,520 --> 00:43:29,120
SON AS A CHILD.

1275
00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:31,480
AND I WANT TO THANK HER FAMILY

1276
00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:33,000
FOR ALLOWING ME TO SHARE THIS

1277
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:36,200
STORY AND AND WITH YOU TODAY.

1278
00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:40,000
REEBTLY THE AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC

1279
00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:41,320
SOCIETY APOLOGIZED FOR

1280
00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:44,000
PURPETUATING THE ROLE OF RACISM

1281
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:44,320
IN HISTORY.

1282
00:43:44,320 --> 00:43:46,120
IT'S ONLY THAT WE CAN BEGONE TO

1283
00:43:46,120 --> 00:43:49,200
UNDERSTAND THE DEPTH OF

1284
00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:53,840
INJUSTICE THAT IS BEING DONE AND

1285
00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:55,720
HOLD PSYCHE FREE ACCOUNTABLE.

1286
00:43:55,720 --> 00:43:56,880
I WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE SOME

1287
00:43:56,880 --> 00:43:59,440
PEOPLE AND THIS IS ME WITH THE

1288
00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:01,200
LDF LAWYER MR. HARPER WHO I MET

1289
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:11,720
IN NEW YORK CITY IN JANUARY OF

1290
00:44:12,320 --> 00:44:12,440
2020.

1291
00:44:12,440 --> 00:44:15,920
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
THAT

1292
00:44:15,920 --> 00:44:17,080
VERY INFORMATIVE AND MOVING ON

1293
00:44:17,080 --> 00:44:19,800
MULTIPLE LEVELS OF COURSE.

1294
00:44:19,800 --> 00:44:27,200
WE HAVE A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS

1295
00:44:27,200 --> 00:44:29,000
THAT HAVE COME IN AND I WANT TO

1296
00:44:29,000 --> 00:44:30,280
PULL THEM UP.

1297
00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:33,160
MANY, MANY RESPONSES THAT ARE

1298
00:44:33,160 --> 00:44:34,560
VERY GRATEFUL FOR YOU FOR

1299
00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:36,280
BRINGING THESE FORWARD AND ALL

1300
00:44:36,280 --> 00:44:38,400
THEIR COMPLEXITY OF COURSE.

1301
00:44:38,400 --> 00:44:39,080
SOMEONE RIGHTS IN THANK YOU VERY

1302
00:44:39,080 --> 00:44:40,400
MUCH FOR THIS FASCINATING AND

1303
00:44:40,400 --> 00:44:41,160
IMPORTANT TALK WHICH HIGHLIGHTS

1304
00:44:41,160 --> 00:44:42,280
THE NEED NEAR CONTINUING

1305
00:44:42,280 --> 00:44:44,200
RESEARCH IN THIS AREA, REGARDING

1306
00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:45,640
YOUR CHALLENGES AND GAINING

1307
00:44:45,640 --> 00:44:48,080
ACCESS TO NONMEDICAL RECORDS IN

1308
00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:49,800
THE UNIVERSITY--IN THE GEORGIA

1309
00:44:49,800 --> 00:44:50,440
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM, COULD YOU

1310
00:44:50,440 --> 00:44:54,160
TALK MORE ABOUT THE REASONS

1311
00:44:54,160 --> 00:44:55,960
GIVEN FOR RESTRICTING ACCESS?

1312
00:44:55,960 --> 00:44:57,560
WERE THEY CITING THINGS LIKE

1313
00:44:57,560 --> 00:44:59,360
STAFFING OR RETRIEVAL ISSUES OR

1314
00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:02,880
A POLICY BASED RESTRICTION?

1315
00:45:02,880 --> 00:45:04,640
>>I DIDN'T

1316
00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:06,640
REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT THE

1317
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:07,880
RESTRICTION WAS BECAUSE, I WOULD

1318
00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:16,800
CALL UP THIS BOX THAT SAID,

1319
00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:17,840
CORRESPONDENTS AND IT WOULD

1320
00:45:17,840 --> 00:45:20,040
ARRIVE ON MY DESK AND THIS TIME

1321
00:45:20,040 --> 00:45:22,280
MOST HAD A LITTLE RED STICKER ON

1322
00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:23,920
IT AND I DON'T THOUGHT DON'T SEE

1323
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:25,880
THE STICKER AND SHE SAW IT

1324
00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:27,760
SPECIAL SHE CAME OVER SAID THERE

1325
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:28,920
ARE RESTRICTED FILES IN HERE SO

1326
00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:30,200
I WILL TAKE THE WHOLE BOX.

1327
00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:32,000
AND THEY TOOK THE WHOLE BOX I

1328
00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:33,160
WAS LIKE AH, WHAT?

1329
00:45:33,160 --> 00:45:36,680
SHE SAID YEAH, HIPAA I'M LIKE I

1330
00:45:36,680 --> 00:45:39,440
DON'T KNOW ABOUT THAT.

1331
00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:40,960
ANYWAY, WHENEVER I COULD GET

1332
00:45:40,960 --> 00:45:42,360
BACK INTO THE ARCHIVE I PULLED

1333
00:45:42,360 --> 00:45:44,880
THE BOX AGAIN AND THE EXACT SAME

1334
00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:47,000
THING HAPPENED AND THEY SARTED

1335
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:49,400
TO QUOTE HIPAA, I I'M LIKE NO,

1336
00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:50,120
NO ISSUE INHIBITORSA DOESN'T

1337
00:45:50,120 --> 00:45:52,480
COVER THIS SO WHAT ARE YOUR

1338
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:55,720
GROUNDS FOR SAYING NO, WELL,

1339
00:45:55,720 --> 00:45:58,240
IT'S THE GEORGIA CODE, I'M LIKE

1340
00:45:58,240 --> 00:45:59,880
OKAY, SO ME THE GEORGIA CODE SO

1341
00:45:59,880 --> 00:46:01,360
THEY BROUGHT IT OVER WITH THE

1342
00:46:01,360 --> 00:46:04,040
CODE AND THEY SHOWED ME THE PART

1343
00:46:04,040 --> 00:46:07,000
OF THE CODE THAT SAYS ANY

1344
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:09,640
RECORDS THAT MAY CONTAIN MEDICAL

1345
00:46:09,640 --> 00:46:12,040
INFORMATION ABOUT A PERSON ARE

1346
00:46:12,040 --> 00:46:14,960
RESTRICTED AND THEN IT SAID, BUT

1347
00:46:14,960 --> 00:46:18,680
A RESEARCHER MAY APPLY FOR

1348
00:46:18,680 --> 00:46:20,640
ACCESS AND I'M IT DOESN'T TELL

1349
00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:23,240
ME MY PART, WOULD YOU LIKE TO

1350
00:46:23,240 --> 00:46:24,520
APPLY FOR ACCESS, SO I APPLIED

1351
00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:26,200
FOR ACCESS AND HAD TO GET LEGAL

1352
00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:27,280
COUNCIL TO HELP ME WRITE A

1353
00:46:27,280 --> 00:46:29,040
LETTER TO THE HEAD OF STATE

1354
00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:30,480
ARCHIVES AND THEN HE PITCHED IT

1355
00:46:30,480 --> 00:46:32,160
UP TO THE GEORGIA BOARD OF

1356
00:46:32,160 --> 00:46:33,360
TRUSTEES, HE DIDN'T FEEL LIKE HE

1357
00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:36,000
COULD MAKE THAT DESIPGZ ON HIS

1358
00:46:36,000 --> 00:46:36,160
OWN.

1359
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:38,040
WHEN I WENT TO THE BOARD OF

1360
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:41,800
TRUSTEES, I WAS

1361
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:42,520
LIKE--TORITORIOUSLY CONSERVATIVE

1362
00:46:42,520 --> 00:46:43,760
AND I THOUGHT I WOULD GOET A NO,

1363
00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:46,160
BUT 6 MONTHS LATER ISSUE I WROTE

1364
00:46:46,160 --> 00:46:48,760
AN E-MAIL AND I SAID NEWS ON

1365
00:46:48,760 --> 00:46:51,640
THAT YOU'VE BEEN GIVEN

1366
00:46:51,640 --> 00:46:52,880
PERMISSION AND WE'VE REDACTED

1367
00:46:52,880 --> 00:46:53,320
THE BOX.

1368
00:46:53,320 --> 00:46:55,960
SO I GOT TO SEE THE WHOLE BOX

1369
00:46:55,960 --> 00:46:57,080
BUT IN ALABAMA YOU NEED A

1370
00:46:57,080 --> 00:46:57,320
LAWYER.

1371
00:46:57,320 --> 00:46:59,160
IF YOU ARE GOING TO COME THERE,

1372
00:46:59,160 --> 00:47:00,600
YOU NEED A LAWYER.

1373
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:01,120
>> UNDERSTOOD.

1374
00:47:01,120 --> 00:47:07,200
I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU HOW LONG

1375
00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:09,680
THAT PROCESS TOOK.

1376
00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:10,360
>> THANK YOU.

1377
00:47:10,360 --> 00:47:13,960
>> ANOTHER VIEWER WRITES
IN, I'M

1378
00:47:13,960 --> 00:47:15,080
WOBDERRING IF THE HISTORICAL

1379
00:47:15,080 --> 00:47:17,080
TREATMENT OF BLACK PEOPLE IN

1380
00:47:17,080 --> 00:47:17,640
PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS HAS

1381
00:47:17,640 --> 00:47:19,640
ANYTHING TO DO WITH THE IDEAS OF

1382
00:47:19,640 --> 00:47:21,320
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE BLACK

1383
00:47:21,320 --> 00:47:21,760
COMMUNITY TODAY.

1384
00:47:21,760 --> 00:47:23,880
I THINK AS A SOCIETY WE ARE

1385
00:47:23,880 --> 00:47:26,320
GETTING BETTER AT ACKNOWLEDGING

1386
00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:27,160
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF HELT

1387
00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:28,880
DISPARITIES AND HOW IT CAN LEAD

1388
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:30,880
TO MISTRUST IN THE HEALTH IN

1389
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:33,880
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, FELT BY SOME

1390
00:47:33,880 --> 00:47:35,160
INDIVIDUALS IN MINORITY

1391
00:47:35,160 --> 00:47:35,640
COMMUNITIES.

1392
00:47:35,640 --> 00:47:37,520
I HOPE WE CONTINUE TO BRING

1393
00:47:37,520 --> 00:47:37,880
MISTREATMENT AND

1394
00:47:37,880 --> 00:47:40,960
MISUNDERSTANDING TO LIGHT IN AN

1395
00:47:40,960 --> 00:47:42,040
EFFORT TO HEAL AND PREVENT

1396
00:47:42,040 --> 00:47:43,000
THINGS OF THIS NATURE FROM

1397
00:47:43,000 --> 00:47:45,120
HAPPENING IN THE FUTURE.

1398
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:54,640
SO THAT'S MANY THOUGHTS DO YOU

1399
00:47:54,640 --> 00:48:00,000
HAVE ANY REFLECTIONS.

1400
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,000
>> YEAH, SO THERA'S A
NUMBER OF

1401
00:48:02,000 --> 00:48:03,080
THINGS, IT'S TELLING THAT THE

1402
00:48:03,080 --> 00:48:04,520
NUMBERS FOR PLAQUE PATIENTS ARE

1403
00:48:04,520 --> 00:48:05,680
ALWAYS LESS THAN WHITE PARITYS

1404
00:48:05,680 --> 00:48:08,560
SO WHITE PEOPLE WERE MORE

1405
00:48:08,560 --> 00:48:10,160
WILLING TO ADMIT THEIR FAMILY

1406
00:48:10,160 --> 00:48:19,160
MEMBERS, AND SO THERE IS SOME

1407
00:48:19,160 --> 00:48:20,600
WAYS BLACK COMMUNITIES WOULD

1408
00:48:20,600 --> 00:48:21,400
AVOID THE HOSPITALS KNOWING

1409
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:22,680
WHAT'S GOING ON IN THEM, RIGHT

1410
00:48:22,680 --> 00:48:26,840
BUT YOU CAN SEE THAT

1411
00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:27,720
MRS. HURSTSON'S LETTER IS

1412
00:48:27,720 --> 00:48:28,680
INTERESTING BECAUSE SHE KNOWS

1413
00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:30,560
THEY'RE NOT GOOD PLACES BUT SHE

1414
00:48:30,560 --> 00:48:33,800
NEEDS HELP AND SHE ABSOLUTELY

1415
00:48:33,800 --> 00:48:34,480
DEMANDS IT.

1416
00:48:34,480 --> 00:48:36,120
IT'S MY RIGHT AS A CITIZEN.

1417
00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:38,000
SO I THINK THERE'S THAT, THERE'S

1418
00:48:38,000 --> 00:48:39,320
THIS OTHER IDEA THAT I THINK

1419
00:48:39,320 --> 00:48:41,720
MAYBE HAS BEEN TOUCHED ON THERE

1420
00:48:41,720 --> 00:48:42,920
I TOUCHED ON A LITTLE THAT THE

1421
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:44,200
IDEA THAT BLACK PEOPLE ARE

1422
00:48:44,200 --> 00:48:46,320
ALREADY CRAZY, YOU KNOW, WHY

1423
00:48:46,320 --> 00:48:50,400
WOULD WE, YOU KNOW LET THEM OFF,

1424
00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:51,680
OR THAT WHEN THEY AND THEN

1425
00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:53,800
THAT'S WHAT LEADS TO

1426
00:48:53,800 --> 00:48:54,520
MISDIAGNOSIS RIGHT?

1427
00:48:54,520 --> 00:48:57,400
THIS KIND OF PLEEF THAT THERE'S

1428
00:48:57,400 --> 00:48:58,960
JUST SOMETHINGS IN YOUR

1429
00:48:58,960 --> 00:49:01,040
PERSONALITY OR CULTURE THAT IS

1430
00:49:01,040 --> 00:49:03,080
CRAZY SO WE, YOU KNOW DON'T NEED

1431
00:49:03,080 --> 00:49:05,200
TO PAY ANY ATTENTION TO YOU AS A

1432
00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:09,280
SERIOUS KIND OF PATIENT THAT

1433
00:49:09,280 --> 00:49:10,280
REQUIRES COMPLEX DIAGNOSIS.

1434
00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:11,800
AND ABSOLUTELY, THIS IS WHERE WE

1435
00:49:11,800 --> 00:49:14,680
SEE, YOU KNOW PEOPLE TALK ABOUT

1436
00:49:14,680 --> 00:49:16,280
TUSKEGEE AND THE SYPHILIS STUDY

1437
00:49:16,280 --> 00:49:17,920
AS THIS CATCH ALL ABOUT

1438
00:49:17,920 --> 00:49:19,800
MISTRUST, BUT THIS IS--THIS IS

1439
00:49:19,800 --> 00:49:22,320
KIND OF THAT STORY, TOO.

1440
00:49:22,320 --> 00:49:22,800
ABSOLUTELY NO DOUBT.

1441
00:49:22,800 --> 00:49:24,600
IN FACT I TALKED TO PLENTY OF

1442
00:49:24,600 --> 00:49:25,920
PEOPLE AND EVERYONE KNEW HOW BAD

1443
00:49:25,920 --> 00:49:27,000
THESE PLACES WERE AND YOU WOULD

1444
00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:28,080
TRY TO KEEP YOUR FAMILY OUT OF

1445
00:49:28,080 --> 00:49:31,560
THEM IF YOU COULD AND STILL

1446
00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:36,040
TODAY, RIGHT? 

1447
00:49:36,040 --> 00:49:38,080
WHY WOULD YOU?

1448
00:49:38,080 --> 00:49:39,520
>> UNDERSTOOD, SO, WITH
REGARD

1449
00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:41,120
TO DIAGNOSIS, QUESTIONS COME IN,

1450
00:49:41,120 --> 00:49:44,360
CAN YOU SAY MORE ABOUT THE

1451
00:49:44,360 --> 00:49:45,520
VARIED AND CHANGING DIAGNOTTIC

1452
00:49:45,520 --> 00:49:47,200
AND OTHER TERMS ATTRIBUTED TO

1453
00:49:47,200 --> 00:49:50,160
THE PATIENTS THAT YOU DESCRIBE.

1454
00:49:50,160 --> 00:49:52,120
WERE THEIR DIFFERENES AMONG OR

1455
00:49:52,120 --> 00:49:53,840
BETWEEN THE STATES THAT YOU'RE

1456
00:49:53,840 --> 00:49:56,160
STUDYING OR ARE THERE

1457
00:49:56,160 --> 00:49:57,200
PREDOMINANTLY COMMONALITIES AND

1458
00:49:57,200 --> 00:49:59,560
CAN YOU SHED ANY LIGHT ON HOW%

1459
00:49:59,560 --> 00:50:00,840
THESE LABELS, THESE TERMS

1460
00:50:00,840 --> 00:50:01,960
PERHAPS CHANGED OVER TIME IF AT

1461
00:50:01,960 --> 00:50:04,360
ALL AND WHAT WERE THE

1462
00:50:04,360 --> 00:50:05,960
IMPLICATIONS OF THOSE CHANGES

1463
00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:08,720
OVER TIME? 

1464
00:50:08,720 --> 00:50:09,240
>> YEAH.

1465
00:50:09,240 --> 00:50:10,480
SO, FROM THIS PARTICULAR TIME

1466
00:50:10,480 --> 00:50:13,480
PERIOD IN THE 1960S, IT'S VERY

1467
00:50:13,480 --> 00:50:17,520
HARD TO GET DATA SO EACH OF THE

1468
00:50:17,520 --> 00:50:18,800
REPORTS, THE COLLECTION REPORTS

1469
00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,200
FROM THE 3 STATES KIND OF LOOK

1470
00:50:21,200 --> 00:50:23,440
THE SAME EXCEPT THEY HAVE MUCH

1471
00:50:23,440 --> 00:50:25,840
LESS DETAIL, SO GEORGIA'S WAS

1472
00:50:25,840 --> 00:50:27,920
THE MOST DETAILED AND MOST

1473
00:50:27,920 --> 00:50:30,720
COMPREHENSIVE AND ALABAMA HAS

1474
00:50:30,720 --> 00:50:35,200
SIMILAR TABLES, THAT ARE NOT

1475
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:38,520
ALWAYS BREAKING DOWN BY AGE FOR

1476
00:50:38,520 --> 00:50:40,040
EXAMPLE, SO THAT THEY'RE NOT

1477
00:50:40,040 --> 00:50:41,040
QUOIT AS COMPREHENSIVE, I DO

1478
00:50:41,040 --> 00:50:42,840
HAVE SOME OF THOSE ANNUAL

1479
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:44,120
REPORTS AND HAVEN'T FINISHED MY

1480
00:50:44,120 --> 00:50:46,440
ANALYSIS BUT THAT WOULD BE THE

1481
00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:48,480
THING I WANT TO DO NEXT IS TO

1482
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:49,600
TRY TO FIND THAT DIFFERENCE AND

1483
00:50:49,600 --> 00:50:52,600
THEY SEEM TO USE THE EXACT SAME

1484
00:50:52,600 --> 00:50:54,560
CRITERIA SO THEY'RE BOTH USING

1485
00:50:54,560 --> 00:50:56,960
DSM 1 AND I'VE HAD TO GO AND

1486
00:50:56,960 --> 00:50:58,440
READ DSM 1 AND SEE WHAT IT'S

1487
00:50:58,440 --> 00:51:00,120
KIND OF TALKING ABOUT AND THAT'S

1488
00:51:00,120 --> 00:51:02,920
A VERY BIG QUESTION ABOUT THE

1489
00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:11,000
NATURE OF DIAGNOSTIC CHANGE OVER

1490
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:12,840
TIME, VERY WHERE DSMSPIEZ 5

1491
00:51:12,840 --> 00:51:14,400
REVISED WHAT WE THINK WE KNOW

1492
00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:17,840
NOW IS NOT AT ALL WHAT WAS GOING

1493
00:51:17,840 --> 00:51:19,480
ON IN DSM 1 WHICH SHOULD REALLY

1494
00:51:19,480 --> 00:51:21,400
TELL US SOMETHING ABOUT

1495
00:51:21,400 --> 00:51:23,000
DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORIES, RIGHT IF

1496
00:51:23,000 --> 00:51:25,920
THEY CAN CHANGE ENTIRELY, ALMOST

1497
00:51:25,920 --> 00:51:27,560
ENTIRELY IN 50, 60, YEARS THEN

1498
00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:30,520
THERE'S NO GUARANTEE THAT WHERE

1499
00:51:30,520 --> 00:51:32,280
WE ARE NOW IS ANY BETTER THAN

1500
00:51:32,280 --> 00:51:34,400
THEY WERE 50 YEARS AGO, RIGHT?

1501
00:51:34,400 --> 00:51:36,000
OBVIOUSLY SOME PROGRESS IS BEING

1502
00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:39,080
MADE SO WE ALSO HAVE SCIENTIFIC

1503
00:51:39,080 --> 00:51:40,000
TESTING THAT WAS NOT AVAILABLE

1504
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:43,400
AT THAT TIME BUT LIKE I SAID THE

1505
00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:44,800
MAIN PROCESS WAS JUDGING

1506
00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:46,200
SOMEONE'S BEHAVIOR AGAINST A SET

1507
00:51:46,200 --> 00:51:47,960
OF CRITERIA THAT MEANT TO BE

1508
00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:52,600
ABOUT CAUSE, RIGHT?

1509
00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:54,760
SO, YOU KNOW THE [INDISCERNIBLE]

1510
00:51:54,760 --> 00:51:55,920
IS AN EXAMPLE BECAUSE IT'S MEANT

1511
00:51:55,920 --> 00:51:58,280
TO BE CAUSED BOO I A VASCULAR

1512
00:51:58,280 --> 00:52:00,440
DEFICIENCY WHEN IN FACT WE MIGHT

1513
00:52:00,440 --> 00:52:02,680
CALL THAT NOW ALZHEIMER'S

1514
00:52:02,680 --> 00:52:03,240
DISEASE, RIGHT?

1515
00:52:03,240 --> 00:52:09,160
SO THOSE KINDS OF THINGS

1516
00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:09,720
HAPPENING.

1517
00:52:09,720 --> 00:52:11,600
BUT ABSOLUTELY THEY CHANGE EVERY

1518
00:52:11,600 --> 00:52:14,440
TIME, DIFFERENT OUTCOMES AND

1519
00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:15,040
THEY CHANGE AGAIN.

1520
00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:16,040
>> THANK YOU.

1521
00:52:16,040 --> 00:52:18,040
IN YOUR PREVIOUS RESPONSE TO A

1522
00:52:18,040 --> 00:52:19,200
QUESTION, YOU MENTIONED SYPHILIS

1523
00:52:19,200 --> 00:52:21,840
AND A QUESTION HAS COME IN ABOUT

1524
00:52:21,840 --> 00:52:23,600
CAN YOU COMMENT ON THE

1525
00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:26,640
PREVALENCE OF SYPHILIS IN THIS

1526
00:52:26,640 --> 00:52:29,200
POPULATION AND NOTICE IT WAS

1527
00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:30,120
PREVALENT IN MENTALLY ILL

1528
00:52:30,120 --> 00:52:31,400
PATIENTS BEFORE THE SEC WORLD

1529
00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:33,320
WAR, DO YOU HAVE THOUGHTS ON

1530
00:52:33,320 --> 00:52:33,760
THIS.

1531
00:52:33,760 --> 00:52:35,520
>> YEAH, SO I'M MOSTLY
FOCUSING

1532
00:52:35,520 --> 00:52:37,880
ON AFTER WARLD WAR 2.

1533
00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:41,640
AND I KNOW THAT THERE IS THAT

1534
00:52:41,640 --> 00:52:46,200
KIND OF ILLUSION AND THERE IS A

1535
00:52:46,200 --> 00:52:50,040
CATEGORY IN DSM THAT IS RELATED

1536
00:52:50,040 --> 00:52:52,320
TO SYPHILIS RELATED DEMENTIA AND

1537
00:52:52,320 --> 00:53:01,360
IT SEEMS TO BE VERY LOW, SO

1538
00:53:01,360 --> 00:53:02,720
THEY'RE ACTUALLY NOT--WHETHER

1539
00:53:02,720 --> 00:53:05,480
IT'S BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT BEING

1540
00:53:05,480 --> 00:53:07,640
DIAGNOSED WITH SYPHILIS OR

1541
00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:09,240
THEY'RE NOT DEVELOPING, YOU KNOW

1542
00:53:09,240 --> 00:53:12,200
LIKE TO BE FRANK, ARE THEY EVEN

1543
00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:12,880
CONDUCTING SYPHILIS TESTS, THAT

1544
00:53:12,880 --> 00:53:15,160
WOULD BE THE QUESTION YOU NEED

1545
00:53:15,160 --> 00:53:17,040
TO ASK AND I DON'T HAVE ANY

1546
00:53:17,040 --> 00:53:20,840
PROOF THAT THEY WERE EVEN DOING

1547
00:53:20,840 --> 00:53:24,400
THAT IN PSYCHE HOSPITALS AMONGST

1548
00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:25,440
PLAQUE PATIENTS.

1549
00:53:25,440 --> 00:53:26,520
SO THERE IS--BLACK PATIENTS SO

1550
00:53:26,520 --> 00:53:30,640
THERE IS SOME KIND OF TABLES

1551
00:53:30,640 --> 00:53:33,040
WHERE THEY TALK ABOUT LIKE

1552
00:53:33,040 --> 00:53:34,680
SURGICAL PROCEDURES, BUT THEY'RE

1553
00:53:34,680 --> 00:53:37,760
NOT KEEPING DETAILED INFORMATION

1554
00:53:37,760 --> 00:53:41,360
ABOUT HOW MANY TESTS THEY

1555
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:42,040
CONDUCTED.

1556
00:53:42,040 --> 00:53:42,400
>> UNDERSTOOD.

1557
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:45,720
>> SO YEAH, VERY
INTERESTING.

1558
00:53:45,720 --> 00:53:46,720
>> THANK YOU.

1559
00:53:46,720 --> 00:53:47,400
DEANOTHER QUESTION THAT'S COME

1560
00:53:47,400 --> 00:53:51,120
IN FROM A VIEWER DID SEGREGATION

1561
00:53:51,120 --> 00:53:52,760
EXTEND TO THE NONPATIENT

1562
00:53:52,760 --> 00:53:55,000
WORKFORCE OR WERE BLACK WORKERS

1563
00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:56,520
TOLERATED OR CONSIDERED

1564
00:53:56,520 --> 00:53:58,360
INVISIBLE AROUND WHITE PATIENTS?

1565
00:53:58,360 --> 00:54:02,240
WERE ANY WHITE WORKERS EMPLOYED

1566
00:54:02,240 --> 00:54:04,360
ON BLACK WARDS?

1567
00:54:04,360 --> 00:54:06,520
>> ABSOLUTELY, NO BLACK
PATIENT,

1568
00:54:06,520 --> 00:54:10,920
NO BLACK WORKER WAS EVER NEAR A

1569
00:54:10,920 --> 00:54:12,720
WHITE PATIENT.

1570
00:54:12,720 --> 00:54:17,560
THAT WAS ABSOLUTELY NOT

1571
00:54:17,560 --> 00:54:20,560
ACCEPTABLE AND THAT IS TRUE

1572
00:54:20,560 --> 00:54:23,040
ACROSS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, THAT'S

1573
00:54:23,040 --> 00:54:26,120
NOT A UNIQUE YOU KNOW PROBLEM TO

1574
00:54:26,120 --> 00:54:28,200
THE SOUTH OR TO PSYCHE

1575
00:54:28,200 --> 00:54:33,840
HOSPITALS, BUT IT HAD A VERY

1576
00:54:33,840 --> 00:54:34,680
PARTICULAR CONNOTATION IN PSYCHE

1577
00:54:34,680 --> 00:54:37,080
HOSPITALS WHERE THERE WAS THIS

1578
00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:41,080
CONCERN ABOUT THE WAY THAT

1579
00:54:41,080 --> 00:54:42,960
MENTAL ILLNESS MAY EXPRESS

1580
00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:44,320
ITSELF, RIGHT?

1581
00:54:44,320 --> 00:54:45,880
AND OFTEN THROUGH INAPPROPRIATE

1582
00:54:45,880 --> 00:54:46,480
BEHAVIOR, RIGHT?

1583
00:54:46,480 --> 00:54:51,840
SO YOU JUST COULD NOT HAVE, A

1584
00:54:51,840 --> 00:54:54,360
WHITE WOMAN AROUND A BLACK

1585
00:54:54,360 --> 00:54:54,960
ATTENDANT, RIGHT?

1586
00:54:54,960 --> 00:54:56,360
AND THERE IS EVIDENCE IN OTHER

1587
00:54:56,360 --> 00:54:58,000
HOSPITAL THIS IS IS THE CASE AND

1588
00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:01,280
I THINK OF MARTIN SUMMERS AND

1589
00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:04,440
[INDISCERNIBLE]'S WORK ON

1590
00:55:04,440 --> 00:55:06,400
ST. ELIZABETH IN DC, RIGHT WHERE

1591
00:55:06,400 --> 00:55:08,840
WELL IS [INDISCERNIBLE] BUT IN

1592
00:55:08,840 --> 00:55:11,120
THESE HOSPITALS ABSOLUTELY NO,

1593
00:55:11,120 --> 00:55:13,680
THEY WERE VERY, WHEN THEY

1594
00:55:13,680 --> 00:55:15,640
SEGREGATED THEY SEGREGATED INTO

1595
00:55:15,640 --> 00:55:20,200
SERVICES, AND THE THAT WOULD BE

1596
00:55:20,200 --> 00:55:23,320
AT THE TOP, THE SKILLED WORKERS

1597
00:55:23,320 --> 00:55:27,360
WOULD ALWAYS BE LIKE QUALIFIED

1598
00:55:27,360 --> 00:55:29,440
WHITE PEOPLE AND THEY WOULD

1599
00:55:29,440 --> 00:55:31,320
EMPLOY AT TIMES BLACK ATTENDANTS

1600
00:55:31,320 --> 00:55:33,560
SO EVEN THE BAD HOSPITAL, DOWN

1601
00:55:33,560 --> 00:55:36,320
IN MOBILE DID EMPLOY BLACK

1602
00:55:36,320 --> 00:55:37,240
WORKERS.

1603
00:55:37,240 --> 00:55:41,040
IN THE VERY, VERY LOW PAYING

1604
00:55:41,040 --> 00:55:41,560
JOBS.

1605
00:55:41,560 --> 00:55:42,000
>> THANK YOU.

1606
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:46,400
>> NOW YOU JUST MENTIONED

1607
00:55:46,400 --> 00:55:56,920
ST. EAND OUR QUESTIONS COME IN.

1608
00:56:03,680 --> 00:56:05,080
>> PRESENTATIONS THAT IT
WORKED

1609
00:56:05,080 --> 00:56:15,640
AT THE ASYLUM AND THAT ASYLUM IS

1610
00:56:16,000 --> 00:56:18,000
MUCH OLDER YOU KNOW KIND OF

1611
00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:19,520
SEMESTER I INTEGRATED SO IT DID

1612
00:56:19,520 --> 00:56:20,480
HAVE BLACK PATIENTS AND THEN

1613
00:56:20,480 --> 00:56:25,320
WHEN THEY WERE ABLE TO BUILD

1614
00:56:25,320 --> 00:56:27,600
WAKE FIELD WHAT THEY DID WAS

1615
00:56:27,600 --> 00:56:29,120
MOVE AS MANY WHITE PATIENTS OUT

1616
00:56:29,120 --> 00:56:31,360
OF JACKSON AS THEY COULD OUT TO

1617
00:56:31,360 --> 00:56:33,560
EAST MISSISSIPPI WHICH IS IN

1618
00:56:33,560 --> 00:56:35,040
MERIDIAN SO THAT'S ANOTHER

1619
00:56:35,040 --> 00:56:38,040
HOSPITAL IN THIS SYSTEM, PURELY

1620
00:56:38,040 --> 00:56:39,440
FOR WHITE PEOPLE, NEVER I THINK

1621
00:56:39,440 --> 00:56:42,280
THERE WAS A MOMENT WHERE THEY

1622
00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:47,200
MOVED LIKE 16 AND EVERYONE IN

1623
00:56:47,200 --> 00:56:48,800
MIRAKA EDUCATIONALLIAN AND WHICH

1624
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:50,240
WAS THE APEX OF CLAN VIOLENCE BY

1625
00:56:50,240 --> 00:56:52,080
THE WAY IN MISSISSIPPI, IN

1626
00:56:52,080 --> 00:56:54,680
MERIDIAN SO THEY MOVED THEM VERY

1627
00:56:54,680 --> 00:57:02,320
QUICKLY TO WHIT FIELD SO, AND I

1628
00:57:02,320 --> 00:57:06,560
DIDN'T WANT TO EXPAND THE

1629
00:57:06,560 --> 00:57:07,320
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI.

1630
00:57:07,320 --> 00:57:09,040
THEY DO THIS REALLY KIND OF I

1631
00:57:09,040 --> 00:57:18,600
DON'T KNOW I FIND IT A LITTLE.

1632
00:57:18,600 --> 00:57:19,680
>> AND TO SOME EBS TENT
THEY'RE

1633
00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:22,000
TRYING TO MATCH THEM WITH

1634
00:57:22,000 --> 00:57:23,240
PATIENT RECORDS, MOSTLY THEY'RE

1635
00:57:23,240 --> 00:57:27,480
USING IT AS LIKE AN

1636
00:57:27,480 --> 00:57:28,280
ARCHEOLOGICAL DIG, RIGHT AND

1637
00:57:28,280 --> 00:57:29,760
THEY'RE LIKE, OH THIS IS REALLY

1638
00:57:29,760 --> 00:57:30,640
INTERESTING BUT ACTUALLY THEY'RE

1639
00:57:30,640 --> 00:57:31,320
REALLY FUOF THE FREIGHTED

1640
00:57:31,320 --> 00:57:33,360
BECAUSE THEY JUST WANT TO EXPAND

1641
00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:34,360
THE HOSPITAL, RIGHT?

1642
00:57:34,360 --> 00:57:38,120
SO IT'S A--IT'S A VERY

1643
00:57:38,120 --> 00:57:40,360
INTERESTING AND VERY FRAUGHT

1644
00:57:40,360 --> 00:57:41,960
EXERCISE WHEN IT COMES TO GRAVE

1645
00:57:41,960 --> 00:57:43,440
YARDS AND THAT'S ALSO TRUE IN

1646
00:57:43,440 --> 00:57:45,680
GEORGIA WHERE THERE'S A WHOLE

1647
00:57:45,680 --> 00:57:48,600
HEAP OF STUFF HAPPENING AROUND

1648
00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:50,680
GRAVES AND CEMETERYS.

1649
00:57:50,680 --> 00:57:53,240
>> SO SIGNIFICANTLY ON THE
HEMES

1650
00:57:53,240 --> 00:57:54,840
OF YOU MENTIONINGA ARCHEOLOGY, A

1651
00:57:54,840 --> 00:57:56,080
QUESTION'S COME IN ABOUT

1652
00:57:56,080 --> 00:57:57,240
MATERIAL CULTURE AND I WILL TRY

1653
00:57:57,240 --> 00:57:59,680
TO FRAME IT HERE, LETTERS AND

1654
00:57:59,680 --> 00:58:01,880
REPORTS AND PRINTED MATERIALS

1655
00:58:01,880 --> 00:58:03,920
CLEARLY A KEY AND/OR SOURCE AND

1656
00:58:03,920 --> 00:58:05,320
AN IMPORTANT SOURCE FOR YOU.

1657
00:58:05,320 --> 00:58:07,160
WHAT ABOUT MATERIAL CULTURE OF

1658
00:58:07,160 --> 00:58:08,560
THE ENVIRONMENTS THAT YOU ARE

1659
00:58:08,560 --> 00:58:10,320
STUDYING, THAT IS TO SAY THE

1660
00:58:10,320 --> 00:58:11,960
OBJECTIVES THAT WERE PART OF THE

1661
00:58:11,960 --> 00:58:14,440
DAILY LIFE IN THESE HOSPITAL

1662
00:58:14,440 --> 00:58:15,480
WARDS, ARE THESE SOURCES THAT

1663
00:58:15,480 --> 00:58:17,440
YOU ARE DRAWING ON FOR YOUR

1664
00:58:17,440 --> 00:58:19,040
RESEARCH IN ANY WAY?

1665
00:58:19,040 --> 00:58:19,960
>> NO BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT

1666
00:58:19,960 --> 00:58:20,200
AVAILABLE.

1667
00:58:20,200 --> 00:58:25,400
SO I THINK IT'S REALLY AGAIN I

1668
00:58:25,400 --> 00:58:27,480
MNGZED THERE WAS A MUSEUM AT

1669
00:58:27,480 --> 00:58:28,560
CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL AND THERE

1670
00:58:28,560 --> 00:58:30,880
COULD BE STUFF THERE AND GO AND

1671
00:58:30,880 --> 00:58:32,880
LOOK AT LIKE STRAIGHT JACKETS

1672
00:58:32,880 --> 00:58:35,280
OR, YOU KNOW WHATEVER WHICH I

1673
00:58:35,280 --> 00:58:38,520
FIND A BIT ODD AND UNSETTLING, I

1674
00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:39,600
DON'T KNOW WHY PEOPLE THINK

1675
00:58:39,600 --> 00:58:41,200
THAT'S COOL BUT ANYWAY, BUT THEY

1676
00:58:41,200 --> 00:58:43,080
CLOSED THAT MUSEUM AND THAT

1677
00:58:43,080 --> 00:58:45,960
HOSPITAL, CENTRAL STATE IS NOW

1678
00:58:45,960 --> 00:58:49,280
COMPLETELY NONOPERATIONAL EXCEPT

1679
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:50,480
THAT IT STILL BELONGS TO THE

1680
00:58:50,480 --> 00:58:51,880
STATE SO THEY HAVE THIS

1681
00:58:51,880 --> 00:58:52,640
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND

1682
00:58:52,640 --> 00:58:54,600
THERE'S THIS 1 GUY AND THEY'VE

1683
00:58:54,600 --> 00:58:55,880
RENOVATED THE CHAPEL AND THEY

1684
00:58:55,880 --> 00:58:57,200
RENT THE CHAPEL OUT AND IT'S

1685
00:58:57,200 --> 00:58:58,760
BEAUTIFUL, THEY RENT THE CHAPEL

1686
00:58:58,760 --> 00:59:03,520
OUT FOR WEDDINGS, PARTIES,

1687
00:59:03,520 --> 00:59:05,480
FUNERALS, ON THE SIDE OF THE

1688
00:59:05,480 --> 00:59:08,080
HOSPITAL AND WALTER HAS HIS

1689
00:59:08,080 --> 00:59:10,960
OFFICE UNDERNEATH THE CHAPEL AND

1690
00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:12,080
HE'S BASICALLY DOWN THERE

1691
00:59:12,080 --> 00:59:13,880
COLLECTING STUFF AND I'M LIKE

1692
00:59:13,880 --> 00:59:14,480
WHAT IS THIS?

1693
00:59:14,480 --> 00:59:16,480
IT'S PATIENT ART THAT IS LIKE

1694
00:59:16,480 --> 00:59:17,880
SCATTERED AROUND THE PLACE AND

1695
00:59:17,880 --> 00:59:19,240
FURNITURE AND EVERY SO OFTEN

1696
00:59:19,240 --> 00:59:21,480
THEY'LL HAVE LIKE A SALE AND

1697
00:59:21,480 --> 00:59:24,600
COME BET YOUR MIDCENTURY MODERN

1698
00:59:24,600 --> 00:59:30,800
OFFICE FURNITURE THAT USED TO BE

1699
00:59:30,800 --> 00:59:32,800
NOT SELLING LIKE STUFF THAT

1700
00:59:32,800 --> 00:59:35,200
PATIENTS HAVE USED AND ALSO

1701
00:59:35,200 --> 00:59:38,040
STUFF IN THERE THAT PEOPLE DO

1702
00:59:38,040 --> 00:59:38,880
LIKE URBAN SCAVENGING SO THEY

1703
00:59:38,880 --> 00:59:41,720
TRY TO GET IN THERE AND BREAK IN

1704
00:59:41,720 --> 00:59:43,120
AND STEAL STUFF, THEY'VE LEFT

1705
00:59:43,120 --> 00:59:45,120
RECORDS AND PAPERS AND FURNITURE

1706
00:59:45,120 --> 00:59:46,800
AND NONE OF IT IS ATTRIBUTED TO

1707
00:59:46,800 --> 00:59:49,120
ANYBODY, SO IT'S LIKE, YEAH,

1708
00:59:49,120 --> 00:59:50,120
OKAY THERE'S THIS STUFF BUT

1709
00:59:50,120 --> 00:59:51,840
NOBODY KNOWS WHO DID IT OR WHO

1710
00:59:51,840 --> 00:59:57,320
MADE IT OR WHO KEPT IT.

1711
00:59:57,320 --> 00:59:58,960
IN BOTH BRYCE HOSPITAL IN

1712
00:59:58,960 --> 01:00:00,360
ALABAMA, THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN

1713
01:00:00,360 --> 01:00:01,880
OVER ENTIRELY BY THE UNIVERSITY

1714
01:00:01,880 --> 01:00:04,200
OF ALABAMA AND THEY'RE

1715
01:00:04,200 --> 01:00:08,160
TRANSFORMING THAT BEAUTIFUL

1716
01:00:08,160 --> 01:00:09,760
BUILDING INTO A--IT'S GOING TO

1717
01:00:09,760 --> 01:00:11,080
BE LIKE THE CREATIVE ARTS CENTER

1718
01:00:11,080 --> 01:00:13,280
FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA

1719
01:00:13,280 --> 01:00:16,880
AND AGAIN, I'M LIKE WHAT?

1720
01:00:16,880 --> 01:00:18,560
AND THEY'VE GOTTEN RID OF

1721
01:00:18,560 --> 01:00:19,400
EVERYTHING, RIGHT?

1722
01:00:19,400 --> 01:00:22,200
SO THEY OPEN A 2240 BED LOST

1723
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:27,760
WARD CALLED THE NEW BRYCE AND

1724
01:00:27,760 --> 01:00:28,760
THEY KEPT NOTHING.

1725
01:00:28,760 --> 01:00:29,600
>> YOU DID MENTION, I
FOLLOW UP

1726
01:00:29,600 --> 01:00:32,640
QUESTION OF MY OWN, YOU DID

1727
01:00:32,640 --> 01:00:33,600
MENTION PATIENT ART.

1728
01:00:33,600 --> 01:00:36,080
SO ARE THOSE PIECES OF PATIENT

1729
01:00:36,080 --> 01:00:37,560
ART ARE THOSE ATTRIBUTED TO

1730
01:00:37,560 --> 01:00:38,840
PATIENTS OR JUST NO?

1731
01:00:38,840 --> 01:00:39,440
>> NO.

1732
01:00:39,440 --> 01:00:41,440
WHEN I ASKED WALTER I'M LIKE ARE

1733
01:00:41,440 --> 01:00:43,320
THESE PATIENT ART WORKS?

1734
01:00:43,320 --> 01:00:46,160
AND HE SAID YES, I SAID DO YOU

1735
01:00:46,160 --> 01:00:48,120
KNOW WHO DID THEM AND HE SAID

1736
01:00:48,120 --> 01:00:48,440
NO.

1737
01:00:48,440 --> 01:00:49,680
SO AGAIN THEY'VE JUST BEEN

1738
01:00:49,680 --> 01:00:51,400
COLLECTED AND NOT ATTRIBUTED TO

1739
01:00:51,400 --> 01:00:52,880
ANYONE AND THEY DON'T EVEN SAY

1740
01:00:52,880 --> 01:00:54,720
ON THEM, THEY HANG ON THE WALLS

1741
01:00:54,720 --> 01:00:56,800
OF THE CHAPEL OR THE YOU KNOW

1742
01:00:56,800 --> 01:00:59,160
HALLWAYS AND STAIR WELLS, AND IF

1743
01:00:59,160 --> 01:01:01,040
YOU DIDN'T KNOW TO ASK, YOU

1744
01:01:01,040 --> 01:01:06,480
WOULDN'T KNOW THAT THERE WERE

1745
01:01:06,480 --> 01:01:08,520
PATIENT ART WORKS I WAS GOING TO

1746
01:01:08,520 --> 01:01:09,600
SAY,A PARENTALLY SOME--BECAUSE I

1747
01:01:09,600 --> 01:01:13,360
ASKED THE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF

1748
01:01:13,360 --> 01:01:14,200
BEHAVIORIAL HEALTH ABOUT WHERE

1749
01:01:14,200 --> 01:01:16,640
IS YOUR STUFF AND AGAIN, I MEAN

1750
01:01:16,640 --> 01:01:18,760
SO MUCH LIKE WELL, YOU KNOW,

1751
01:01:18,760 --> 01:01:21,080
HIPAA BLAH, BLAH, BLAH, AND

1752
01:01:21,080 --> 01:01:22,480
THEY'RE HANDING A BUNCH OF

1753
01:01:22,480 --> 01:01:25,440
STUFFSOEVER TO THE GEORGIA

1754
01:01:25,440 --> 01:01:27,040
COLLEGE WHICH IS IN

1755
01:01:27,040 --> 01:01:27,960
[INDISCERNIBLE] SO MAYBE THAT

1756
01:01:27,960 --> 01:01:29,720
COLLECTION WILL TURN UP 1 DAY.

1757
01:01:29,720 --> 01:01:32,280
>> I ASK THAT FOLLOW ON
QUESTION

1758
01:01:32,280 --> 01:01:34,480
BASED IN PART ON MY OWN RESEARCH

1759
01:01:34,480 --> 01:01:37,240
IN A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT

1760
01:01:37,240 --> 01:01:40,160
CATEGORY OF RESPECTFULLY OF

1761
01:01:40,160 --> 01:01:41,400
DISABLED SOLDIERS DURING WORLD

1762
01:01:41,400 --> 01:01:43,040
WAR 1 WHERE THERE WAS A

1763
01:01:43,040 --> 01:01:45,720
PREVALENCE OF ART CREATED 2

1764
01:01:45,720 --> 01:01:46,520
DIMENSIONAL AND 3 DIMENSIONAL

1765
01:01:46,520 --> 01:01:49,520
WHICH IS WELL, WELL DOCUMENTED

1766
01:01:49,520 --> 01:01:51,960
BY SCHOLARS BUT THERE IS ART

1767
01:01:51,960 --> 01:01:53,040
THAT'S QUITE INTERESTING

1768
01:01:53,040 --> 01:01:55,960
ASSUMING OF COURSE 1 HAS THE

1769
01:01:55,960 --> 01:01:58,320
SOURCES TO STUDY OBVIOUS LEE.

1770
01:01:58,320 --> 01:02:01,320
>> I KNOW FOR A FACT THAT
LIKE

1771
01:02:01,320 --> 01:02:03,080
IN THE BRYCE HOSPITAL SYSTEM,

1772
01:02:03,080 --> 01:02:05,040
THE PATIENTS IN THE BLACK ONLY

1773
01:02:05,040 --> 01:02:08,000
HOSPITAL WERE NOT GIVEN ANYTHING

1774
01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:10,400
TO MAKE ART WITH, SO YOU KNOW

1775
01:02:10,400 --> 01:02:13,040
IT'S KIND OF--IT'S A BIT OF A

1776
01:02:13,040 --> 01:02:13,360
MUTE POINT.

1777
01:02:13,360 --> 01:02:13,920
>> UNDERSTOOD, UNDERSTOOD.

1778
01:02:13,920 --> 01:02:16,920
THANK YOU FOR CLAYIFYING THAT.

1779
01:02:16,920 --> 01:02:18,640
IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT VANNEDDAGE

1780
01:02:18,640 --> 01:02:19,640
POINT, THANK YOU WE HAVE TIME

1781
01:02:19,640 --> 01:02:22,120
FOR 1 MORE QUESTION.

1782
01:02:22,120 --> 01:02:23,440
THE VIEWER WRITES THANK YOU VERY

1783
01:02:23,440 --> 01:02:25,280
MUCH FOR YOUR LECT EXPIR YOUR

1784
01:02:25,280 --> 01:02:27,360
INTERVIEW ON THE BLOG

1785
01:02:27,360 --> 01:02:30,640
CIRCULATING NOW, THE BLOG OF OUR

1786
01:02:30,640 --> 01:02:33,200
HISTORY OF MEDICINE DIVISION,

1787
01:02:33,200 --> 01:02:34,520
YOU NOTED IN YOUR INTERVIEW ON

1788
01:02:34,520 --> 01:02:35,800
THE BLOG THAT IN PLACES THAT

1789
01:02:35,800 --> 01:02:38,800
LACKED HOSPITALS AND CLINICS

1790
01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:40,560
WERE GENERALLY POORER

1791
01:02:40,560 --> 01:02:41,640
DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES ISSUES

1792
01:02:41,640 --> 01:02:42,560
POLICE BECAME THE FIRST

1793
01:02:42,560 --> 01:02:45,280
RESPONDERS FOR MENTAL HEALTH

1794
01:02:45,280 --> 01:02:46,480
PROBLEMS, WE MIGHT GUESS WHAT

1795
01:02:46,480 --> 01:02:47,760
POLICE RESPONSE LOOKED LIKE IN

1796
01:02:47,760 --> 01:02:49,840
NEEZ SITUATIONS BUT HOW WOULD A

1797
01:02:49,840 --> 01:02:51,240
MENTAL HEALTH EMERGENCY BEEN

1798
01:02:51,240 --> 01:02:53,120
HANDLED IN AN AFFLUENT COMMUNITY

1799
01:02:53,120 --> 01:02:59,280
IN THE 1960S SOUTH?

1800
01:02:59,280 --> 01:02:59,520
>> WOW.

1801
01:02:59,520 --> 01:02:59,920
>> GOOD 1.

1802
01:02:59,920 --> 01:03:03,680
>> I CAN ONLY TELL YOU
WHAT I

1803
01:03:03,680 --> 01:03:05,680
KNOW ABOUT THE COMPARRITY OF

1804
01:03:05,680 --> 01:03:08,920
PRIVATE SYSTEM FOR WHITE

1805
01:03:08,920 --> 01:03:13,280
PATIENTS WHERE IT EXISTED.

1806
01:03:13,280 --> 01:03:14,680
AND INTERESTINGLY ALABAMA, THE

1807
01:03:14,680 --> 01:03:16,280
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA WHICH IS

1808
01:03:16,280 --> 01:03:21,960
NOW UAB IN BIRMINGHAM HAD A VERY

1809
01:03:21,960 --> 01:03:29,640
GOOD PRIVATE CLINIC AND WAS

1810
01:03:29,640 --> 01:03:31,360
REALLY VERY--REALLY SURPRISINGLY

1811
01:03:31,360 --> 01:03:35,040
PROGRESSIVE AND WILL ADVANCED

1812
01:03:35,040 --> 01:03:38,920
AND TOTALLY LIKE ENGAGED WITH

1813
01:03:38,920 --> 01:03:39,520
PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHODYNAMIC

1814
01:03:39,520 --> 01:03:41,000
TYPE STUFF AND INTERESTINGLY

1815
01:03:41,000 --> 01:03:44,120
SOME OF THOSE DOCTOR TESTIFIED

1816
01:03:44,120 --> 01:03:45,080
AGAINST THE SEGREGATED PUBLIC

1817
01:03:45,080 --> 01:03:48,360
SYSTEM AND TRIED TO GET SOME

1818
01:03:48,360 --> 01:03:50,320
BLACK PSYCHIATRIST TO COME AND

1819
01:03:50,320 --> 01:03:53,680
WORK IN THE CLINIC.

1820
01:03:53,680 --> 01:03:56,440
BUT SOME OF THAT IS WITH ME AT

1821
01:03:56,440 --> 01:03:59,600
TUSKEE EAG IN A PATIENT ABOUT

1822
01:03:59,600 --> 01:04:01,000
TUSKEGEE, SO YOU KNOW, I THINK

1823
01:04:01,000 --> 01:04:08,760
FROM WHAT I CAN TELL, EVEN--BUT

1824
01:04:08,760 --> 01:04:10,240
EVEN WHITE PEOPLE WOULD DEPOSIT

1825
01:04:10,240 --> 01:04:13,040
A FAMILY MEMBER AT BRYCE FOR

1826
01:04:13,040 --> 01:04:16,560
EXAMPLE, AND IT'S THE SAME WITH

1827
01:04:16,560 --> 01:04:17,280
[INDISCERNIBLE], IT LOOMS VERY

1828
01:04:17,280 --> 01:04:19,080
LARGE IN THE CULTURE OF GEORGIA

1829
01:04:19,080 --> 01:04:20,360
AND ALABAMA, AND IT'S KIND OF

1830
01:04:20,360 --> 01:04:22,360
LIKE, YOU KNOW YOU BETTER BE

1831
01:04:22,360 --> 01:04:25,800
CAREFUL OR JULE GET SENT TO

1832
01:04:25,800 --> 01:04:28,160
BYYCE OR SENT TO [INDISCERNIBLE]

1833
01:04:28,160 --> 01:04:28,360
RIGHT?

1834
01:04:28,360 --> 01:04:30,400
SO I MEAN THAT'S WHY, YOU KNOW

1835
01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:32,280
12 AND HALF THOUSAND PEOPLE IN

1836
01:04:32,280 --> 01:04:32,920
[INDISCERNIBLE] IN 1963 BECAUSE

1837
01:04:32,920 --> 01:04:37,240
IT WAS A CATCH ALL FOR SO MANY

1838
01:04:37,240 --> 01:04:39,040
SOCIAL PROBLEMS AT THE STATE OF

1839
01:04:39,040 --> 01:04:45,800
GEORGIA STILL REFUSES TO FUND,

1840
01:04:45,800 --> 01:04:46,400
RIGHT?

1841
01:04:46,400 --> 01:04:47,800
SO IT DEPENDED A LITTLE ON THE

1842
01:04:47,800 --> 01:04:49,240
PROCESS, SOME WERE WHAT'S CALLED

1843
01:04:49,240 --> 01:04:51,920
LEGAL AND SOME WERE MEDICAL.

1844
01:04:51,920 --> 01:04:55,760
THE PROCESS IN MISSISSIPPI, 2

1845
01:04:55,760 --> 01:04:58,480
DOCTORS NEEDED TO WRITE, ADMIT

1846
01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:02,040
THIS PERSON ON A PIECE OF PAPER

1847
01:05:02,040 --> 01:05:02,960
AND THE SHERIFF WOULD TAKE THAT

1848
01:05:02,960 --> 01:05:04,520
PERSON TO THE DOOR OF WHIT FIELD

1849
01:05:04,520 --> 01:05:06,280
AND THE PERSON WOULD BE

1850
01:05:06,280 --> 01:05:08,720
COMMITTED 

1851
01:05:08,720 --> 01:05:09,000
COMMITTED.

1852
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:10,840
SO A LAWYER TOLD ME THAT YOU

1853
01:05:10,840 --> 01:05:12,200
KNOW A SHERIFF COULD GET A

1854
01:05:12,200 --> 01:05:13,760
DOCTOR TO WRITE ON THE BACK OF A

1855
01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:14,880
PARKING TICKET AND THE PERSON

1856
01:05:14,880 --> 01:05:19,320
WOULD BE TAKEN TO WHIT FIELD.

1857
01:05:19,320 --> 01:05:23,560
VERY ADHOC, AND AGAIN THE

1858
01:05:23,560 --> 01:05:25,120
SUPERINTENDENT I'VE SPEAKEN TO

1859
01:05:25,120 --> 01:05:26,160
FROM [INDISCERNIBLE] SUBJECT TO

1860
01:05:26,160 --> 01:05:28,920
ALL SORTS OF POLITICAL LIKE, YOU

1861
01:05:28,920 --> 01:05:29,920
KNOW WOULD HAVE STATE SENATOROT

1862
01:05:29,920 --> 01:05:31,760
PHONE SAYING CAN YOU JUST LIKE

1863
01:05:31,760 --> 01:05:33,200
ADMIT THIS GUY'S WIFE BECAUSE HE

1864
01:05:33,200 --> 01:05:35,280
REALLY WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A

1865
01:05:35,280 --> 01:05:36,920
PAIN-FREE DIVORCE AND IF SHE

1866
01:05:36,920 --> 01:05:38,240
WERE COMMITTED IT WOULD MAKE IT

1867
01:05:38,240 --> 01:05:39,400
REALLY EASY SO TONS OF

1868
01:05:39,400 --> 01:05:40,600
CORRUPTION AND WHY PEOPLE WERE

1869
01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:45,840
VERY BUSY AT GETTING FAMILY

1870
01:05:45,840 --> 01:05:48,080
MEMBERS LOCKED UP.

1871
01:05:48,080 --> 01:05:49,640
>> WELL, THANK YOU.

1872
01:05:49,640 --> 01:05:50,320
>> ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING,
YES,

1873
01:05:50,320 --> 01:05:53,760
WE HAVE REACHED OUR TIME AND IN

1874
01:05:53,760 --> 01:05:56,320
SO DOING, SOMEONE HAS WRITTEN

1875
01:05:56,320 --> 01:05:57,720
IN, WONDERFUL POWERFUL TALK

1876
01:05:57,720 --> 01:05:59,880
DR. SMITH, THANK YOU FOR DOING

1877
01:05:59,880 --> 01:06:00,760
THIS IMPORTANT WORK.

1878
01:06:00,760 --> 01:06:02,280
AND THIS INDIVIDUAL ECHOES

1879
01:06:02,280 --> 01:06:04,040
THOUGHTS OF MANY WHO ARE

1880
01:06:04,040 --> 01:06:05,880
WATCHING, CERTAINLY MY OWN AND

1881
01:06:05,880 --> 01:06:07,520
ON BEHALF OF NATIONAL LIBRARY OF

1882
01:06:07,520 --> 01:06:08,480
MEDICINE DR. SMITH, THANK YOU

1883
01:06:08,480 --> 01:06:08,760
VERY MUCH.

1884
01:06:08,760 --> 01:06:11,320
WE WISH YOU ALL THE BEST IN YOUR

1885
01:06:11,320 --> 01:06:13,480
CONTINUED RESEARCH, YOUR

1886
01:06:13,480 --> 01:06:14,120
PUBLICATION, AND THANK YOU VERY

1887
01:06:14,120 --> 01:06:17,480
MUCH FOR PREPARING THIS TALK

1888
01:06:17,480 --> 01:06:20,640
TODAY, OUR ANNUAL JAMES CASSEDY

1889
01:06:20,640 --> 01:06:21,480
LECTURE, A PLEASURE AND

1890
01:06:21,480 --> 01:06:23,000
PRIVILEGE AND LOOK FORWARD TO

1891
01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:23,840
SEEING YOU CROSSING PATHS AND

1892
01:06:23,840 --> 01:06:25,320
WISH YOU VERY WELL.

1893
01:06:25,320 --> 01:06:26,280
THANK YOU AGAIN VERY MUCH.

1894
01:06:26,280 --> 00:00:00,000
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR
HAVING