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>>WELCOME TO THE SECOND
WEBINAR

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IN THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM

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GLOBAL FOOD AND NUTRITION

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INSECURITY WEBINAR.

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I'M WITH THE NIH INTERNATIONAL

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CENTER.

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THIS SERIES BUILDS ON THE

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INVESTMENTS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT

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IS MAKING ON FOOD AND NUTRITION

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INSECURITY BOTH AT HOME AS WE

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SAW IN THE WHITE HOUSE

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CONFERENCE ON FOOD, NUTRITION

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AND HUNGER, AND ABROAD WITH THE

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RECENT PASSAGE OF THE GLOBAL

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MALNUTRITION PREVENTION AND

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TREATMENT ACT.

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THE SERIES HIGHLIGHTS THE

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INNOVATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS ON

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NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY AND

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HEALTH OUTCOMES IN GLOBAL

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SETTINGS, AND IDENTIFIES LESSONS

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LEARNED AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR

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ADAPTATION IN THE U.S. AND OTHER

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CONTEXTS.

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IN OUR FIRST WEBINAR WE HAD AN

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OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACTS ACROSS

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THE WORLD IN VARIOUS AGE GROUPS

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AND SETTINGS INCLUDING THE

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CONNECTIONS TO CHRONIC AND

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES, AS WELL AS

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SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INNOVATIVE

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RESEARCH THAT PRESENT

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSLATION

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AND ADAPTATION.

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THE SECOND LOOKS AT THE ROLE

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THAT HOME, NEIGHBORHOOD AND

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COMMUNITY FOOD ENVIRONMENTS PLAY

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IN FOOD INSECURITY AND PROVIDE

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EXAMPLES OF EFFECTIVE FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT AND FOOD SYSTEM

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INTERVENTIONS ACROSS MULTIPLE

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REGIONS THAT ADDRESS EQUITY,

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ACCESS, DISPARITIES AND

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SUSTAINABILITY.

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WE'LL HEAR EXCITING RESEARCH

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EXAMPLES FROM LATIN AMERICA, THE

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CARIBBEAN, THE AMERICAS, EUROPE

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AND AFRICA.

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I'M THRILLED TO PARTNER WITH

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NIH'S OFFICE OF DISEASE

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PREVENTION, OFFICE OF NUTRITION

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RESEARCH, NATIONAL CANCER

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INSTITUTE, NATIONAL HEART, LUNG,

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BLOOD AND SLEEP INSTITUTE AND

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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CHILD

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HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AS

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WELL AS U.S. AID, CDC AND USDA

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TO DEVELOP THIS THREE-PART

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SERIES.

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WE WELCOME QUESTIONS FROM THE

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AUDIENCE FOR OUR PANEL

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DISCUSSION.

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PLEASE CLICK ON THE SEND LIVE

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FEEDBACK BUTTON DIRECTLY BELOW

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THE VIDEO.

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I WANT TO INTRODUCE OUR FIRST

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SPEAKER AND THE LEAD FOR THIS

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WEBINAR, PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC

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HEALTH NUTRITION AT THE

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UNIVERSITY OF GHANA.

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>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
SUSAN,

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FOR YOUR KIND INTRODUCTION.

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I WOULD LIKE TO FROM THE ONSET

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EXPRESS MY SINCERE THANKS TO THE

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NIH AND OTHER PARTNERS FOR THE

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OPPORTUNITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO

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THIS VERY IMPORTANT CONVERSATION

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AS TO HOW YOU CAN LEVERAGE FOOD

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ENVIRONMENTS TO ASSURE FOOD

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SECURITY.

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AS AN INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION,

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MY FRAMING PRESENTATION WHICH

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INTRODUCED FOOD ENVIRONMENT AS A

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CONCEPT -- DEFINITION OF

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PERSPECTIVES, TYPOLOGIES, BUT

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ALSO SUCH CONSTRUCTS COULD BE

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EXPLOITED AS A POLICY TOOL TO

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ASSURE FOOD SECURITY.

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THE CONCEPTS OF FOOD ENVIRONMENT

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ACTUALLY FIRST EMERGED IN

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ECOLOGY WHERE PRACTITIONERS AND

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RESEARCHERS WERE INTERESTED IN

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EXPLORING THE CONTEXT AND

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ATTRIBUTES OF FOOD CHAINS OF

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VARIOUS SPECIES AND ABUNDANCE OF

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FOOD SUPPLY OF DIFFERENT

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ECOSYSTEMS.

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SINCE THEN, THE CONCEPT HAS BEEN

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EXPANDED AND APPLIED IN PUBLIC

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HEALTH, WHERE INITIALLY IT WAS

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NARROWLY FOCUSED ON WHAT WE

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REFER TO TODAY AS --

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ENVIRONMENTS AND NUTRITION

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ENVIRONMENT.

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IN 2010, THE CONCEPT WAS

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EXPANDED TO THE DEFINITION AS

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THE COLLECTIVE PHYSICAL ECONOMIC

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POLICY, OPPORTUNITIES AND

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CONDITIONS THAT INFLUENCE WHAT

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YOU AND I EAT AND, THEREFORE,

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OUR NUTRITIONAL HEALTH.

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CURRENTLY THERE ARE MULTIPLE

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DEFINITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF

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THE CONCEPT OF FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

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IN 2015, THEY FOCUSED ON THE

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AVAILABILITY, CONVENIENCE AND

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DESIRABILITY DIMENSIONS OF FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT.

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IN 2016, THE FAO RESEARCH OF THE

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AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY

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DIMENSION BUT ALSO MORE

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IMPORTANTLY EMPHASIZE THE FACT

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THAT FOOD ENVIRONMENT DIFFER

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DEPENDING ON CONTEXT.

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IN 2017, DIMENSIONS OF FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT MAINTAINING THE

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AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND

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AFFORDABILITY DIMENSIONS

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PREVIOUSLY ARTICULATED.

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THEN THE SAME YEAR, IN 2017, THE

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HIGH LEVEL ASPECT ON FOOD

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SECURITY AND NUTRITION, ALSO

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TALKED ABOUT THE FACT THAT FOOD

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QUALITY AND FOOD -- OUGHT TO BE

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PART AND PARCEL OF A FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT IN TERMS OF AS A

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CONCEPT AND THEN DEFINITION.

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IN 2020, THEY ARGUED THAT FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT AS A CONCEPT TO BE

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OF PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE, WE

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OUGHT TO MOVE BEYOND JUST THE

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BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOCUSED ON --

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TO INTRODUCE A NATURAL FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT AND -- OUGHT TO BE

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CONSIDERED, ESPECIALLY -- IN THE

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LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES.

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SO WE TALK ABOUT FOOD DESERTS

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AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD, FOOD --

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THAT DESCRIBE NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE

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AND HOW THE FOODS -- AND FOOD --

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HOW NUTRITIOUS FOOD EXISTS AND

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IS AFFORDABLE.

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FROM THOSE NEGATIVE CONNOTATIONS

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OR DEPICTIONS OF FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT, THEY ARE CURRENTLY

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ALSO -- FOOD OASIS WHERE AN

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ENVIRONMENT IS CHARACTERIZED

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WITH ABUNDANCE OF HEALTHY AND

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NUTRITIOUS FOODS THAT ARE

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AFFORDABLE BUT ALSO CURRENTLY

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ARE FOOD HAVENS THAT DESCRIBE

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HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT.

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GIVEN THAT WE LIVE IN A WORLD

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WHERE FISCAL HUMAN BEINGS LIKE

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YOU AND I ALSO HAVE -- IS JUST

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IMPORTANT THAT FOOD ENVIRONMENT

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ALSO EXPLOIT THAT, SO CURRENTLY

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WE TALK ABOUT -- FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT AS WELL IN DIGITAL

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SETTINGS.

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SO THE QUESTION IS WHAT HAVE ALL

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THESE GOT TO DO WITH FOOD AND

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NUTRITION SECURITY?

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ONE WAY WOULD BE TO REVIEW THE

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CONCEPT, DIMENSIONS AND

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APPLICATIONS OF FOOD SECURITY,

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BUT I'M NOT GOING TO DO THAT

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BECAUSE LAST WEEK OUR COLLEAGUES

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EXPLICITLY ADDRESSED THIS IN

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SESSION ONE OF THIS WEBINAR

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SERIES, AND SO TO CREATE THE

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DEFINITION WHEN WE TALK ABOUT

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FOOD SECURITY, WHAT WE MEAN IS

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THAT ALL PEOPLE AT ALL TIMES

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HAVE PHYSICAL, ECONOMIC, AND

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SOCIAL ACCESS TO SUFFICIENT,

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SAFE AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD THAT

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MEET THEIR DIETARY FOOD

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PREFERENCES AS WELL AS HEALTH

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NEEDS.

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AND THIS IS THE DEFINITION FROM

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THE WORLD FOOD SUMMIT IN 1996.

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SO THERE ARE MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS,

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MULTIPLE APPROACHES, MULTIPLE

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ENTRY POINT TO ADDRESSING THE

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PROBLEM OF FOOD INSECURITY

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CURRENTLY.

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SO TODAY WHAT WE AIM TO DO IS

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TO -- I HOPE TO CONVINCE YOU

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THAT FOOD ENVIRONMENT AS A

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CONCEPT COULD BE EXPLOITED AS AN

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ENTRY POINT OR A TOOL TO ASSURE

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FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY.

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THERE'S A LOT OF EVIDENCE THAT

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SHOWS THAT FOOD ENVIRONMENT

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CONSTRAIN AND SIGNAL CONSUMERS

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WHAT TO PURCHASE.

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WE ALSO KNOW FOOD ENVIRONMENT

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AFFECT CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHY

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FOOD, AVAILABILITY,

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AFFORDABILITY, CONVENIENCE,

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DESIRABILITY, PHYSICAL AND

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TEMPORAL ACCESS AS WELL AS

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FINANCIAL ACCESS OF HEALTHY OR

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UNHEALTHY FOOD, THEREFORE, IF

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YOU'RE ABLE TO EXPLOIT THE FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT TO EXPRESS THESE

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MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS THEN WE'RE

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CONTRIBUTING TO ENSURE FOOD AND

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IMPROVED NUTRITION.

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THERE ARE APPROACHES AND THEN

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THERE ARE INTERVENTIONS

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CURRENTLY BEING IMPLEMENTED IN A

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NUMBER OF SETTINGS.

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HALLADAY AND COLLEAGUES IN

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2019 -- GLOBALLY, SO

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INNOVATIONS, FOOD ENVIRONMENT --

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TO SHIFT THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT

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WITH RESPECT TO FISCAL ACCESS,

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INNOVATIONS -- FOR EXAMPLE,

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MUNICIPALITIES, JURISDICTIONS,

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NATIONS -- ORDINANCES AND

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PLANNING INSTRUMENTS THAT WORK

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IN THESE DIRECTION.

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THEY CAN HAVE PHYSICAL MEASURES,

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FOR EXAMPLE, TAX EXEMPTION ON

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LAND USED FOR AGRICULTURAL

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PURPOSES.

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YOU CAN ALSO HAVE INNOVATIONS OR

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INTERVENTIONS THAT SEEK TO

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ENCOURAGE HOW THEY DESCRIBE

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CONSUMPTION OF UNHEALTHY FOOD OR

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ZONING LAWS, ZONING PERMITS AND

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LICENSES CAN BE USED.

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THERE ARE ALSO PHYSI FISCAL MEAS

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BEING DEPLOYED TO ENSURE THAT

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UNHEALTHY FOOD ARE MADE

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UNATTRACTIVE.

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SO ALL THESE ARE MULTIPLE

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INTERVENTIONS THAT WE CAN USE TO

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SHAPE OUR FOOD ENVIRONMENT TO

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ENSURE THAT THERE'S PHYSICAL

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ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD.

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USING HEALTHY FOOD PROCUREMENT

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MODALITIES, REINFORCING SUPPLY

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CHAINS, FACILITATING MOBILITY

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AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, ALL

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OF THOSE ARE INTERVENTIONS OR

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OPPORTUNITIES USING FOOD

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ENVIRONMENT.

262
00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:37,360
INDEED IN ALL THESE, GOVERNMENT

263
00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:38,800
DO HAVE A ROLE AND THEY ALSO

264
00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:42,760
HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY.

265
00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:44,240
GOVERNMENTS EVERYWHERE -- TO

266
00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:46,440
PROMOTE, TO PROTECT AND THEN

267
00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:47,760
ASSURE HEALTH OF THEIR CITIZENS,

268
00:10:47,760 --> 00:10:52,120
AND WE HAVE ARGUED THAT IF

269
00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:54,520
GOVERNMENT -- A MIX OF -- AGENCY

270
00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:55,920
AS WELL AS HIGH AGENCY FOOD

271
00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:59,160
ENVIRONMENT POLICY MEASURES, FOR

272
00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:00,880
EXAMPLE, SEEK TO INFORM ON

273
00:11:00,880 --> 00:11:02,920
POWER, THOSE THAT GUIDE AND

274
00:11:02,920 --> 00:11:04,920
INFLUENCE THEIR POLICY MEASURES

275
00:11:04,920 --> 00:11:06,440
THAT INCENTIVIZE OR DESCRIBE

276
00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:08,840
CONSUMPTION OF UNHEALTHY FOOD,

277
00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:10,600
FOR EXAMPLE, SETTING TARGET FOR

278
00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:12,240
OPPOSITION OF PROCESSED FOOD

279
00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:15,520
RESTRICTING THE AVAILABILITY OF

280
00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:17,160
FOOD VIRMT TO PROMOTE FOODS THAT

281
00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:20,240
ARE KNOWN TO BE UNHEALTHY, HOW

282
00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:22,080
PUBLIC SECTOR SETTINGS IMPLEMENT

283
00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:24,040
CLEAR AND CONSISTENT POLICIES ON

284
00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:28,680
HEALTHY FOOD PROCUREMENT AND

285
00:11:28,680 --> 00:11:31,400
PROVISIONING, ALL POLICY

286
00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:32,280
INTERVENTIONS INCENTIVIZE

287
00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:33,560
CONSUMPTION OF UNHEALTHY FOOD

288
00:11:33,560 --> 00:11:34,480
BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HAVE THOSE

289
00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:36,680
THAT INSEPTEMBER ADVISE

290
00:11:36,680 --> 00:11:38,360
CONSUMPTION OF HEALTHY ONES.

291
00:11:38,360 --> 00:11:41,000
THEN FOOD ENVIRONMENT ACCESS THE

292
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:44,160
ITEM IMMEDIATE DECISIONS THAT

293
00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:45,600
NEGATE THE IMPORTATION, THE

294
00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:48,800
PRODUCTION, THE PROCESSING, THE

295
00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:50,080
RETAIL MARKETING AND PURCHASE

296
00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:51,600
AND CONSUMPTION OF UNHEALTHY

297
00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:56,080
FOOD, AND, THEREFORE, LEADING TO

298
00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,960
MAKING UNHEALTHY FOOD

299
00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:01,560
UNAVAILABLE, UNATTRACTIVE AND

300
00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:02,000
UNAFFORDABLE.

301
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:06,520
SO THERE IS VALUE IN EXPLOITING

302
00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:07,560
FOOD ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS

303
00:12:07,560 --> 00:12:09,440
ASSURING FOOD SECURITY.

304
00:12:09,440 --> 00:12:13,040
I'LL END HERE AND HAND IT OVER

305
00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:15,040
TO THE DISTINGUISHED PANEL OF

306
00:12:15,040 --> 00:12:20,400
EXPERTS WHO ARE GOING TO BE ON

307
00:12:20,400 --> 00:12:21,360
THE PRESENTATION FOR THE

308
00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:22,600
PRACTICE OF FOOD ENVIRONMENT, WE

309
00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:24,440
HE ARE GOING TO GIVE AS CONCRETE

310
00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:28,240
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF THE

311
00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:29,880
PRACTICE.

312
00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:32,960
SO LET ME INTRODUCE THE SPEAKERS

313
00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:34,280
WHO ARE GOING TO GIVE THOSE

314
00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:41,080
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES FROM THE

315
00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:42,240
DIFFERENT -- FIRST AN INSTRUCTOR

316
00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:43,920
IN THE SECTION OF GENERAL

317
00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:46,720
INTERNAL MEDICINE AT YALE SCHOOL

318
00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:53,760
OF MEDICINE.

319
00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:54,840
PROFESSOR FROM THE GEORGE

320
00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:57,120
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.

321
00:12:57,120 --> 00:12:58,600
AND CHARLOTTE GALLAGHER SQUIRES,

322
00:12:58,600 --> 00:13:02,600
A RESEARCHER AT THE CENTER FOR

323
00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:04,120
FOOD POLICY, UNIVERSITY OF

324
00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:04,560
LONDON.

325
00:13:04,560 --> 00:13:10,040
SO I'LL HAND OVER NOW TO THESE

326
00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:10,920
DISTINGUISHED SPEAKERS TO GIVE

327
00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:12,000
US PRACTICAL EXAMPLES FROM

328
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,720
DIFFERENT CORNERS OF THE WORLD.

329
00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:21,000
OVER TO YOU.

330
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,280
>>THANK YOU.

331
00:13:22,280 --> 00:13:32,800
I'M GOING TO SHARE MY SCREEN.

332
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:38,480
GOOD MORNING.

333
00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:42,200
AS MENTIONED, I'LL BE TALKING TO

334
00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:43,880
YOU TODAY ABOUT PERCEPTIONS OF

335
00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:45,600
THE LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND

336
00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:48,440
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY.

337
00:13:48,440 --> 00:13:50,320
IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN

338
00:13:50,320 --> 00:13:53,800
OUTCOMES RESEARCH COHORT STUDY.

339
00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:57,640
TODAY I'M GOING TO DESCRIBE THE

340
00:13:57,640 --> 00:13:58,840
STUDY DESIGN, DISCUSS THE LOCAL

341
00:13:58,840 --> 00:13:59,800
FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND HOUSEHOLD

342
00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:03,000
FOOD INSECURITY, PROPOSE FUTURE

343
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:07,440
DIRECTIONS, AND DISCUSS RESOURCE

344
00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:07,800
RECOMMENDATIONS.

345
00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:09,120
WE KNOW FROM THE LITERATURE THAT

346
00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:10,080
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY IS

347
00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:13,280
ASSOCIATED WITH ALL FORMS OF

348
00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:14,920
MALNUTRITION, AS WELL AS

349
00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:16,200
INFECTIOUS AND NON-COMMUNICABLE

350
00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:16,680
DISEASES.

351
00:14:16,680 --> 00:14:19,400
THIS IS ALSO THE CASE IN THE

352
00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:20,960
COHORT, TODAY I'M GOING TO FOCUS

353
00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:22,800
ON RISK FACTORS FOR HOUSEHOLD

354
00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:25,520
FOOD INSECURITY.

355
00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:27,520
THE KEY MESSAGES TODAY ARE THAT

356
00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:28,680
PERCEIVED FOOD AVAILABILITY AND

357
00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:29,480
PERCEIVED FOOD QUALITY ARE

358
00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:33,400
ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSEHOLD FOOD

359
00:14:33,400 --> 00:14:34,480
INSECURITY, THAT WATER SECURITY

360
00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:35,960
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED PART OF THE

361
00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:37,000
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT, AND THAT

362
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:38,760
THESE FINDINGS HAVE IMPLICATIONS

363
00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:40,520
FOR FOOD SECURITY AND HEALTH

364
00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:44,800
POLICY IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN

365
00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:45,240
REGION.

366
00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:49,480
THIS IS A COHORT STUDY DESIGNED

367
00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:50,800
TO FOLLOW OLDER ADULTS IN THE

368
00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:51,880
EASTERN CARIBBEAN.

369
00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:52,760
ITS PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO

370
00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:53,960
MEASURE THE PREVALENCE AND

371
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:55,520
INCIDENCE OF DIABETES, CANCER

372
00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:58,640
AND HEART DISEASE, AS WELL AS

373
00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:00,640
KNOWN AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS

374
00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,040
INCLUDING FOOD INSECURITY.

375
00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:04,960
ISLAND SITES INCLUDE THE TWO

376
00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:06,120
CARIBBEAN U.S. TERRITORIES OF

377
00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:08,200
PUERTO RICO AND THE U.S. VIRGIN

378
00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,440
ISLANDS, AS WELL AS BARBADOS AND

379
00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:12,560
TRINIDAD.

380
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:13,800
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ARE LISTED

381
00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:16,720
ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE

382
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:16,920
SLIDE.

383
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:20,680
IN TRINIDAD, PUERTO RICO AND

384
00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:22,720
BARBADOS, STRATIFIED

385
00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:24,040
MULTI-PROBABILITY SAMPLING FOR

386
00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:24,800
THE BASELINE COHORT.

387
00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:27,520
IN THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS,

388
00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:29,160
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING WAS USED

389
00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:31,360
ACROSS ST. THOMAS, ST. CROIX AND

390
00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:31,960
ST. JOHN.

391
00:15:31,960 --> 00:15:33,760
AFTER INFORMED CONSENT WAS

392
00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:34,640
OBTAINED, PARTICIPANTS WERE

393
00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:37,720
ASKED TO COMPLETE A HEALTH

394
00:15:37,720 --> 00:15:38,720
SURVEY, A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT

395
00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:40,360
AND PROVIDE A BLOOD SAMPLE FOR

396
00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:41,440
IMMEDIATE TESTING TO IDENTIFY

397
00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:45,480
MARKERS OF DISEASE.

398
00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:47,240
WE USE THE LATIN AMERICAN AND

399
00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:48,160
CARIBBEAN FOOD SECURITY SCALE

400
00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:50,200
AND SPECIFICALLY THE NINE-ITEM

401
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:51,240
ADULT SUBSCALE TO MEASURE

402
00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:54,000
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY IN THE

403
00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:54,440
COHORT.

404
00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,720
THE SCALE IS WIDELY KNOWN BY ITS

405
00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:58,920
SPANISH ACRONYM ELSA.

406
00:15:58,920 --> 00:16:01,680
THIS IS A HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

407
00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:02,440
EXPERIENTIAL FOOD SECURITY

408
00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:03,200
SCALE.

409
00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:06,280
THE ELCSA IS UNIQUELY ABLE TO

410
00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:07,680
DETECT ASPECTS OF FOOD

411
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:09,560
INSECURITY INVOLVING DECREASED

412
00:16:09,560 --> 00:16:10,760
ACCESS TO A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY

413
00:16:10,760 --> 00:16:12,600
OR QUALITY OF FOOD.

414
00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,440
IT ALSO MEASURES THE ANXIETY AND

415
00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:17,000
UNCERTAINTY AROUND FOOD ACCESS.

416
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:18,960
THE INDIVIDUAL ITEMS ARE LISTED

417
00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:20,920
HERE AND THE TIME FRAME BEING

418
00:16:20,920 --> 00:16:24,520
EXAMINES IS THE PAST 90 DAYS.

419
00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:27,480
OUR RASH MODELING INDICATED THE

420
00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:28,480
PSYCHOMETRIC PROBABILITIES OF

421
00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:29,240
THIS SCALE ARE EXCELLENT AND

422
00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:30,680
THAT ALL NINE ITEMS SHOULD BE

423
00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:35,600
USED.

424
00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:36,920
WE MEASURED PERCEPTIONS OF THE

425
00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:38,960
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT WITH FIVE

426
00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:39,600
QUESTIONS.

427
00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:41,480
THE TWO WE USED IN THIS ANALYSIS

428
00:16:41,480 --> 00:16:42,360
ARE HIGHLIGHTED HERE.

429
00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:44,120
ONE EACH FOR NEIGHBORHOOD FOOD

430
00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:46,080
AVAILABILITY AND FOOD QUALITY.

431
00:16:46,080 --> 00:16:47,520
SO THINKING ABOUT FOOD RESOURCES

432
00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:50,000
IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD, HOW OFTEN

433
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:51,400
ARE LARGE SELECTION OF FRESH

434
00:16:51,400 --> 00:16:52,400
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AVAILABLE

435
00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:53,960
IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD?

436
00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:55,480
AND HOW OFTEN ARE THE FRESH

437
00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:56,800
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN YOUR

438
00:16:56,800 --> 00:17:00,960
NEIGHBORHOOD OF HIGH QUALITY?

439
00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:02,040
THIS GRAPH IS SHOWING THE

440
00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:03,480
PREVALENCE OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD

441
00:17:03,480 --> 00:17:04,560
INSECURITY BY ISLAND AND LEVEL

442
00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:07,400
OF SEVERITY AT WAVE 1.

443
00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:08,920
THOSE WHO ARE MILDLY FOOD

444
00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:10,800
INSECURE ARE SHOWN IN PURPLE.

445
00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:12,120
MODERATE IN BLUE AND SEVERE IN

446
00:17:12,120 --> 00:17:14,320
GREEN.

447
00:17:14,320 --> 00:17:16,160
SO IF WE ADD UP THE PURPLE, BLUE

448
00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:18,360
AND GREEN BARS FOR EACH SITE AND

449
00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:20,520
OVERALL, WE CAN SEE THE PREF

450
00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,400
PREVALENCE OF ANY LEVEL OF FOOD

451
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:25,000
INSECURITY AKLOSS ALL FOUR

452
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:26,640
ISLAND SITES WAS 27.6%.

453
00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:28,280
THE PREVALENCE OF ANY HOUSEHOLD

454
00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:30,840
FOOD INSECURITY WAS HIGHEST IN

455
00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:32,560
TRINIDAD, AT 37.2%.

456
00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:34,320
FOLLOWED BY THE U.S. VIRGIN

457
00:17:34,320 --> 00:17:37,280
ISLANDS AT 33.5%.

458
00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:40,320
PUERTO RICO AT 22.9%, AND

459
00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:42,400
BARBADOS AT 21.4%.

460
00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:44,240
AS YOU CAN SEE HERE, THERE WAS

461
00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,880
ALSO IMPORTANT VARIABILITY

462
00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:48,240
ACROSS SITES REGARDING THE

463
00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:51,920
SEVERITY OF FOOD INSECURITY.

464
00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:53,560
AS MY COLLEAGUE HAS SHOWN,

465
00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:54,640
PERCEPTIONS OF THE LOCAL FOOD

466
00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:56,000
ENVIRONMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

467
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,680
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE IN

468
00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:00,240
THE COHORT STUDY, AND THIS

469
00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:02,840
RELATIONSHIP IS MODIFIED BY FOOD

470
00:18:02,840 --> 00:18:03,240
INSECURITY.

471
00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:05,360
SO I EXPANDED UPON THIS ANALYSIS

472
00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:07,120
TO EXAMINE PERCEPTIONS OF THE

473
00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:08,680
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT AS A RISK

474
00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:09,760
FACTOR FOR FOOD INSECURITY IN

475
00:18:09,760 --> 00:18:12,040
THE COHORT.

476
00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:13,680
SO THE PRIMARY AIMS OF THIS

477
00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:15,880
ANALYSIS WERE TO UNDERSTAND HOW

478
00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:17,160
PERCEPTIONS OF THE LOCAL FOOD

479
00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:18,040
ENVIRONMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH

480
00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:21,480
FOOD INSECURITY AND TO EXAMINE

481
00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:22,360
WHETHER ACCESS TO SAFE WATER

482
00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:23,440
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED PART OF THE

483
00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,640
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

484
00:18:25,640 --> 00:18:29,160
WE USED MULTIVARIABLE ORDINAL

485
00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:30,200
LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH DATA

486
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,400
FROM THE FIRST WAVE TO MODEL THE

487
00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:34,800
PROBABILITY OF INCREASING OR

488
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:35,680
WORSENING FOOD INSECURITY FROM

489
00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:38,000
MILD TO MODERATE TO SEVERE.

490
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:39,320
PERCEPTIONS OF THE LOCAL FOOD

491
00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:40,720
ENVIRONMENT WERE MEASURED USING

492
00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:43,040
THE TWO VARIABLES WE DISCUSSED

493
00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:43,680
EARLIER.

494
00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:45,000
RESPONSES WERE DICHOTOMIZED SUCH

495
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:46,640
THAT NEVER, RARELY OR SOMETIMES

496
00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:48,720
WAS COLLAPSED INTO ONE CATEGORY

497
00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:50,480
AND USUALLY OR ALWAYS WAS THE

498
00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:57,160
REFERENCE CATEGORY.

499
00:18:57,160 --> 00:18:59,480
WE FOUND FOOD AVAILABILITY

500
00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:00,600
INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTED

501
00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:02,120
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY IN THE

502
00:19:02,120 --> 00:19:02,440
COHORT.

503
00:19:02,440 --> 00:19:03,960
THOSE WHO REPORTED POOR FRUIT

504
00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:06,240
AND VEGETABLE AVAILABILITY HAD

505
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,240
43% INCREASED ODDS OF WORSENING

506
00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:11,280
FOOD INSECURITY COMPARED TO

507
00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:12,600
THOSE WHO REPORTED THAT FRESH

508
00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:13,800
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE

509
00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:15,040
USUALLY OR ALWAYS AVAILABLE.

510
00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:16,200
WE CONTROLLED FOR ALL OF THE

511
00:19:16,200 --> 00:19:18,960
VARIABLES YOU SEE LISTED AT THE

512
00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:20,280
BOTTOM OF THIS TABLE.

513
00:19:20,280 --> 00:19:21,960
WHEN WE STRATIFIED THIS ANALYSIS

514
00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:23,680
BY SEX, WE FOUND THAT

515
00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:25,640
PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL FRUIT AND

516
00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:27,040
VEGETABLE AVAILABILITY WAS

517
00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:28,920
ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSEHOLD FOOD

518
00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:30,120
INSECURITY AMONG WOMEN BUT NOT

519
00:19:30,120 --> 00:19:32,960
AMONG MEN.

520
00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,000
AMONG WOMEN, THOSE WHO REPORTED

521
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:36,800
POOR FOOD AVAILABILITY HAD 65%

522
00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:38,320
INCREASED ODDS OF WORSENING

523
00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:39,400
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY

524
00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:41,160
COMPARED TO THOSE WHO REPORTED

525
00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:42,600
THAT FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

526
00:19:42,600 --> 00:19:45,640
ARE USUALLY OR ALWAYS AVAILABLE.

527
00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:47,400
THE EFFECT ESTIMATE FOR MEN WAS

528
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:50,320
NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT.

529
00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:51,560
THOSE WHO REPORTED POOR FRUIT

530
00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:54,520
AND VEGETABLE QUALITY HAD 54%

531
00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:55,920
INCREASED ODDS OF WORSENING FOOD

532
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:57,000
INSECURITY COMPARED TO THOSE WHO

533
00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:58,760
REPORTED THAT THE FRUIT AND

534
00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:00,160
VEGETABLE QUALITY WAS USUALLY OR

535
00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:03,240
ALWAYS HIGH.

536
00:20:03,240 --> 00:20:04,880
WHEN WE STRATIFIED THIS ANALYSIS

537
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:06,760
BY SEX, WE FOUND THAT

538
00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:08,040
PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL FRUIT AND

539
00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:08,840
VEGETABLE QUALITY WERE

540
00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:11,120
ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSEHOLD FOOD

541
00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:12,760
INSECURITY AMONG MEN NOW BUT NOT

542
00:20:12,760 --> 00:20:14,640
AMONG WOMEN.

543
00:20:14,640 --> 00:20:16,040
AMONG MEN, THOSE WHO REPORTED

544
00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:17,600
POOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE QUALITY

545
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,000
HAD TWO TIMES THE ODDS OF

546
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:20,480
WORSENING HOUSEHOLD FOOD

547
00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:21,400
INSECURITY, COMPARED TO THOSE

548
00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:22,920
WHO REPORTED THAT FRESH FRUITS

549
00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:24,560
AND VEGETABLES ARE USUALLY OR

550
00:20:24,560 --> 00:20:27,360
ALWAYS OF HIGH QUALITY.

551
00:20:27,360 --> 00:20:28,200
THE EFFECT ESTIMATE FOR WOMEN

552
00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:29,720
WAS NOT STATISTICALLY

553
00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:30,280
SIGNIFICANT.

554
00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:32,240
SO BOTH FOOD AVAILABILITY AND

555
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:34,200
FOOD QUALITY THEN INDEPENDENTLY

556
00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:35,640
AND SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED

557
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:37,480
INCREASING LEVELS OF FOOD

558
00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:39,120
INSECURITY IN THIS SAMPLE, AND

559
00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:43,200
THIS ASSOCIATION WAS MODIFIED BY

560
00:20:43,200 --> 00:20:43,800
SEX.

561
00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:45,800
OUR SECOND AIM WAS TO EXAMINE

562
00:20:45,800 --> 00:20:47,120
WHETHER ACCESS TO SAFE WATER

563
00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:48,240
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED PART OF THE

564
00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:49,520
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

565
00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:51,600
WE FOUND THAT SOURCE OF POTABLE

566
00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:53,400
WATER IN THE HOUSEHOLD WHICH WAS

567
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:54,680
USED AS A PROXY FOR WATER

568
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,600
SECURITY WAS ALSO INDEPENDENTLY

569
00:20:57,600 --> 00:20:58,200
AND SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED

570
00:20:58,200 --> 00:20:59,920
WITH HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY.

571
00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:01,880
THOSE WHO DID NOT HAVE WATER

572
00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:04,600
PIPED DIRECTLY INTO THEIR HOME

573
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:06,240
HAD 61% INCREASED ODDS OF

574
00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:08,160
WORSENING HOUSEHOLD FOOD

575
00:21:08,160 --> 00:21:09,320
INSECURITY COMPARED TO THOSE

576
00:21:09,320 --> 00:21:10,960
WITH WATER PIPED DIRECTLY INTO

577
00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:14,800
THEIR HOME.

578
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:16,400
SO WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

579
00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:18,160
IN COLLABORATION WITH LOCAL

580
00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:19,680
PARTNER, WE'RE CONTINUING TO USE

581
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,760
DATA FROM THE ECHORN STUDY TO

582
00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:23,640
STRENGTHENING THE LOCAL FOOD

583
00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:24,400
ENVIRONMENT IN A REGION.

584
00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:25,880
FOR EXAMPLE, THE MINISTRY OF

585
00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:27,240
HEALTH IN BARBADOS IS INTERESTED

586
00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:29,880
IN USING ECHORN DATA TO INFORM

587
00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:32,160
THEIR NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY.

588
00:21:32,160 --> 00:21:33,800
AS THE ANALYSIS PRESENTED TODAY

589
00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:35,560
HAS CONFIRMED, A SECOND AVENUE

590
00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:37,960
OF RESEARCH IS TO EXAMINE THE

591
00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:39,520
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER

592
00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:41,040
INSECURITY AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD

593
00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:41,760
INSECURITY.

594
00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:43,440
WATER SECURITY LIKE FOOD

595
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:45,600
SECURITY HAS BEEN LINKED TO

596
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:46,720
IMPORTANT NUTRITIONAL, PHYSICAL,

597
00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:48,800
MENTAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING

598
00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:49,440
OUTCOMES.

599
00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:50,680
IT'S ASSOCIATED WITH AND HAS

600
00:21:50,680 --> 00:21:53,040
BEEN SHOWN TO BE A PRE-CURSOR TO

601
00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:55,040
FOOD INSECURITY.

602
00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:56,360
ALSO HOUSEHOLDS THAT EXPERIENCE

603
00:21:56,360 --> 00:21:57,960
BOTH WATER AND FOOD INSECURITY

604
00:21:57,960 --> 00:21:59,200
HAVE A HIGHER RISK OF THE DUAL

605
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,560
BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION.

606
00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,760
WE PLAN ON ADDING THE H WISE

607
00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:07,840
SECURITY SCALE TO THE ECHORN

608
00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:11,640
COHORT STUDY IN WAVE 3, BOTH

609
00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:13,400
WATER AND FOOD SECURITY IN A

610
00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:14,840
LONGITUDINAL MANNER CAN PROVIDE

611
00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:15,720
IMPORTANT INFORMATION TO

612
00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:18,000
RESEARCHERS AND POLICY MAKERS TO

613
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:20,280
INFORM LOCAL FOOD AND NUTRITION

614
00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:22,920
SECURITY POLICY.

615
00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:24,800
SO IN SUMMARY, THE LONGITUDINAL

616
00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:26,400
MEASUREMENT OF FOOD AND WATER

617
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:27,960
INSECURITY IS IMPORTANT TO

618
00:22:27,960 --> 00:22:29,360
ESTABLISH PREVALENCE AND

619
00:22:29,360 --> 00:22:31,240
INCIDENCE AS BOTH ARE AFFECTED

620
00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:32,880
BY LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENTS,

621
00:22:32,880 --> 00:22:35,400
LOCAL ECONOMIES, AND LOCAL

622
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:36,840
CLIMATIC EVENTS LIKE CLIMATE

623
00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:38,680
CHANGE FUELED NATURAL DISASTERS.

624
00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:40,640
I'M THINKING OF HURRICANES IRMA,

625
00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:44,920
MARIA AND FIONA, TO NAME A FEW.

626
00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:46,440
THESE DATA CAN BE USED TO INFORM

627
00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:47,680
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

628
00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:49,040
POLICY AS WELL AS DISASTER

629
00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:51,560
PREPAREDNESS POLICIES.

630
00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:53,600
OUR SECOND RECOMMENDATION IS TO

631
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:54,600
EVALUATE PROGRAMS ADDRESSING

632
00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:56,400
FOOD AND WATER SECURITY AT THE

633
00:22:56,400 --> 00:22:58,800
LOCAL LEVEL USING EXPERIENCED

634
00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:00,560
BASED HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY

635
00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:03,400
SCALES AND DIETARY INTAKE

636
00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:04,160
MEASURES.

637
00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:05,240
IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT

638
00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:06,120
EVALUATIONS OF THESE PROGRAMS

639
00:23:06,120 --> 00:23:09,520
ARE ALSO NEEDED.

640
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:11,040
THIRD, IT'S IMPERATIVE THAT WE

641
00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:13,120
BETTER UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF

642
00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:15,000
EXISTING COLONIAL AND

643
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:16,400
NEOCOLONIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE

644
00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:17,280
LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

645
00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:19,120
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY AND

646
00:23:19,120 --> 00:23:21,000
HOW RESEARCH CAN BE USED TO

647
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,160
ADDRESS OR CHANGE THE POWER AND

648
00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:24,840
BALANCES AND INEQUALITIES

649
00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:28,560
INHERENT IN THESE RELATIONSHIPS.

650
00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:30,400
FOR EXAMPLE, FREE TRADE

651
00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:31,400
AGREEMENTS AFFECT LOCAL FOOD

652
00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:33,160
SYSTEMS AND ALL ECHORN SITES ARE

653
00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:34,600
NET IMPORTERS OF FOOD, AS ARE

654
00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:38,960
MANY OF THE OTHER CARACOM

655
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:40,480
COUNTRIES SO IT WILL REQUIRE A

656
00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:41,440
DEEP TRANSFORMATION OF THESE

657
00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:43,240
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND OF

658
00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:47,520
LOCAL AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS.

659
00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:48,280
FINALLY, OUR FOURTH

660
00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:49,120
RECOMMENDATION IS TO CONTINUE TO

661
00:23:49,120 --> 00:23:51,520
TEST THE USEFULNESS OF

662
00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:52,960
EXPERIENCE BASED FOOD INSECURITY

663
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:54,360
MEASURES TO UNDERSTAND FOOD

664
00:23:54,360 --> 00:23:57,760
ENVIRONMENT INTERVENTIONS.

665
00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:00,280
SO THANK YOU TO THE ECHORN TEAM

666
00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:01,720
PICTURED HERE, TO THE NIH FOR

667
00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:03,120
THIS OPPORTUNITY, AND THANKS TO

668
00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:13,680
EACH OF YOU FOR LISTENING TODAY.

669
00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:19,760
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH.

670
00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:21,400
I THINK I WILL GO AHEAD AND TAKE

671
00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:23,600
THE LEAD FROM THERE.

672
00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:27,640
I'LL SHARE MY SCREEN.

673
00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:30,800
I'M AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT

674
00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:35,720
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.

675
00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:37,160
TODAY I'M GOING TO BE TALKING

676
00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:39,880
ABOUT TWO STUDIES WHERE WE

677
00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:41,200
THOUGHT ABOUT LEVERAGING FOOD

678
00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:42,800
ENVIRONMENTS FOR FOOD AND

679
00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:45,560
NUTRITION SECURITY.

680
00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:47,680
ONE OF THEM IS IN LATIN AMERICA

681
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:51,560
AND THE OTHER IS IN THE UNITED

682
00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:52,280
STAISSMENTS FIRST AND FOREMOST,

683
00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:54,120
I WANT TO SAY THAT THIS IS A

684
00:24:54,120 --> 00:24:55,560
TEAM EFFORT, ESPECIALLY FOR THE

685
00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:58,240
FIRST STUDY WITH REPRESENTATION

686
00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:01,000
FROM PUERTO RICO, MYSELF, COSTA

687
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:03,720
RICA, BRAZIL, COLOMBIA, AND

688
00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:04,040
CHILE.

689
00:25:04,040 --> 00:25:07,360
AND FOR THE SECOND STUDY, IT'S

690
00:25:07,360 --> 00:25:09,200
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON A COMMUNITY

691
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:10,960
ADVISORY BOARD AND COMMUNITY

692
00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:16,280
ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIP WITH

693
00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:17,960
INVESTIGATORS AT GEORGE

694
00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:21,320
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AND AT

695
00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:22,200
HOPKINS.

696
00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:23,080
SO TODAY SPECIFICALLY, I'M GOING

697
00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:25,480
TO BE TALKING ABOUT THESE TWO

698
00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:27,240
STUDIES.

699
00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:28,760
THE FIRST ONE, WE USE MORE

700
00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:30,840
TRADITIONAL METHODS TO EXAMINE

701
00:25:30,840 --> 00:25:32,120
HOW SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS IN

702
00:25:32,120 --> 00:25:33,760
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN LATIN

703
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:35,000
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

704
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:38,280
RESPONDED TO THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC

705
00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:41,120
OF COVID-19 TO MITIGATE FOOD AND

706
00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:41,680
NUTRITION INSECURITY.

707
00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:44,760
AND THE SECOND STUDY I WILL BE

708
00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:46,840
TAKING A SYSTEMS LENS TO JUST

709
00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:51,080
UNDERSTAND THE MORE COMPLEX

710
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:52,280
SYSTEM, WHAT ARE THE FACTORS,

711
00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:56,240
HOW THEY INTERACT OVER TIME, AND

712
00:25:56,240 --> 00:26:00,480
WHAT PATTERNS ARE CREATED TO

713
00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:01,120
PUSH DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES

714
00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:02,320
TOWARDS DIFFERENT FOOD CHOICES.

715
00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:03,560
IN THIS PARTICULAR STUDY, I'M

716
00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:06,080
GOING TO BE EXAMINING SUGARY

717
00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:09,360
DRINKS AND TALKING ABOUT OUR

718
00:26:09,360 --> 00:26:10,600
FINDINGS REGARDING HOW PROVIDING

719
00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:12,520
A LOW COST WATER FILTER FOR USE

720
00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:15,480
AT HOME DECREASED SUGARY DRINK

721
00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:16,680
INTAKE IN THIS PARTICULAR

722
00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:19,520
COMMUNITY THAT WAS PREDOMINANTLY

723
00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:20,640
CENTRAL AMERICAN IMMIGRANT

724
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:25,640
COMMUNITY IN THE UNITED STATES.

725
00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:26,960
SO AT THE BEGINNING OF THE

726
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:29,600
PANDEMIC, STARTING WITH THE

727
00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:32,880
FIRST STUDY, THE WORLD FOOD

728
00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:35,040
PROGRAM, THE FOOD AGRICULTURE

729
00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:36,800
ORGANIZATION AND UNICEF ISSUED

730
00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:38,000
RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT HOW TO

731
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,520
MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF THE

732
00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:41,960
PANDEMIC OVER FOOD AND NUTRITION

733
00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:44,760
OF SCHOOL CHILDREN.

734
00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:46,720
THEY RECOMMENDED THE USE OF KITS

735
00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:48,080
OR FOOD BASKETS NOW THAT THE

736
00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:50,040
SCHOOLS WERE CLOSED, OR FOOD

737
00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:51,560
VOUCHERS AND CASH IN ORDER TO

738
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:53,520
CONTINUE TO SERVE THE FOOD AND

739
00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:55,240
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF VULNERABLE

740
00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:57,480
SCHOOL CHILDREN.

741
00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:58,440
THE RECOMMENDATION ALSO

742
00:26:58,440 --> 00:26:59,920
EMPHASIZED THAT THE CONTENT OF

743
00:26:59,920 --> 00:27:01,960
THE SCHOOL FEEDING SHOULD BE

744
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:04,600
SIMILAR OR BETTER IN TERMS OF

745
00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:06,720
NUTRITIONAL CONTENT, THAT THAT

746
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:07,960
PROVIDED REGULARLY AT SCHOOL,

747
00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:09,600
AND THAT IT SHOULD INCLUDE

748
00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:13,120
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, WHEN

749
00:27:13,120 --> 00:27:14,560
POSSIBLE AND EMPHASIZING THE

750
00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:16,720
LOCAL PRODUCTS AND AVOIDING

751
00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:19,760
FOODS THAT WERE UNHEALTHY, FOR

752
00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:21,760
EXAMPLE, PREPACKAGED JUICES OR

753
00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:24,040
FOODS THAT CONTAINED ADDED

754
00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:27,880
SUGARS, SODIUM AND SATURATED

755
00:27:27,880 --> 00:27:30,920
FATS.

756
00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:32,360
SO WE WANTED TO DOCUMENT AND

757
00:27:32,360 --> 00:27:33,680
UNDERSTAND HOW THROUGHOUT LA TIP

758
00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:38,920
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE

759
00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:40,120
COUNTRIES WERE FARING WITH THE

760
00:27:40,120 --> 00:27:41,320
CLOSING OF THE SCHOOLS AND

761
00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:43,080
CONTINUATION OF SCHOOL FEEDING

762
00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:43,720
PROGRAMS.

763
00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:45,800
WE CONDUCTED A RAPID COMPARATIVE

764
00:27:45,800 --> 00:27:47,000
POLICY ASSESSMENT THAT HAS BEEN

765
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:48,560
PUBLISHED IN THE FOOD AND

766
00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:50,760
NUTRITION BULLETIN, SO I

767
00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:52,880
ENCOURAGE YOU TO SEARCH THAT

768
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:54,960
REFERENCE BUT IN BRIEF, WE DID

769
00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:59,400
TWO PHASES OF DATA COLLECTION

770
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,040
FOR 11 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES,

771
00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:04,960
ACTUALLY 10 COUNTRIES AND ONE

772
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:09,240
CITY, BAY N IN ARGENTINA.

773
00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:13,160
WE DID A PUBLIC DOCUMENT SEARCH

774
00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:15,720
OF SITES OF THE GOVERNMENT AS

775
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:16,560
WELL AS NEWSPAPERS AND SOCIAL

776
00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:19,080
MEDIA FOR ALL COUNTRIES, TRYING

777
00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:21,560
TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE PROGRAMS

778
00:28:21,560 --> 00:28:25,520
HAD BEEN MODIFIED AND WERE BEING

779
00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:25,800
IMPLEMENTED.

780
00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:28,920
IN ORDER TO CONFIRM AND

781
00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:30,000
TRIANGULATE THAT INFORMATION, WE

782
00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,520
ALSO CONDUCTED STAKEHOLDER

783
00:28:32,520 --> 00:28:34,440
SURVEYS WITH BOTH CLOSED AND

784
00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:36,440
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS USING

785
00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:41,680
SNOWBALL SAMPLING SURVEYS THAT

786
00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:42,600
WERE BROUGHT BACK TO US.

787
00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,320
THE IDEA WAS TO CONFIRM DATA

788
00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:45,760
FROM THE PUBLIC DOCUMENTS FROM

789
00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:48,280
PHASE ONE, TO OBTAIN INFORMATION

790
00:28:48,280 --> 00:28:49,000
REGARDING THE NUTRITIONAL

791
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:51,000
CONTENT OF WHAT WAS ACTUALLY

792
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:52,520
DELIVERED AND TO IDENTIFY

793
00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:54,160
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS

794
00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:56,920
ACCORDING TO THE KEY

795
00:28:56,920 --> 00:28:57,560
STAKEHOLDERS PERSPECTIVE

796
00:28:57,560 --> 00:28:59,480
REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

797
00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:00,200
THE MODIFICATIONS.

798
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:04,800
WE SOUGHT TO OBTAIN

799
00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:06,320
REPRESENTATION FROM MOST OF THE

800
00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:12,040
COUNTRIES IN IN LA LATIN AMERICD

801
00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:15,480
CHOSE TO FINALLY DO WHERE IT WAS

802
00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:18,560
FEASIBLE, ARGENTINA,

803
00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:19,680
SPECIFICALLY BUENOS AIRES, EACH

804
00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:21,720
REGION OPERATES VERY

805
00:29:21,720 --> 00:29:24,680
DIFFERENTLY, BRAZIL, CHILE,

806
00:29:24,680 --> 00:29:28,160
COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, MEXICO,

807
00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:30,280
ECUADOR, GUATEMALA, PERU, PUERTO

808
00:29:30,280 --> 00:29:36,720
RICO AND URUGUAY.

809
00:29:36,720 --> 00:29:38,800
THE COMMON THEMES WE FOUND IN

810
00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:39,920
MITIGATING NUTRITIONAL

811
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:41,040
INSECURITY DURING THE PANDEMIC

812
00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:42,720
IS THAT ALL SCHOOL FEEDING

813
00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:44,400
PROGRAMS EVENTUALLY CONTINUED IN

814
00:29:44,400 --> 00:29:45,960
VARIOUS FORMS, AND THAT INCLUDED

815
00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:50,640
FOOD KITS, FOOD BASKETS, AS WELL

816
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:53,360
AS IN SOME CASES FOOD VOUCHERS

817
00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:55,000
THAT WERE TO BE USED IN

818
00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,160
SUPERMARKETS.

819
00:29:57,160 --> 00:29:58,320
EITHER THE PARENTS WOULD COME

820
00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:01,000
AND PICK THEM UP, IN SOME CASES

821
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:03,520
THE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS WERE

822
00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:05,160
OPENED TO OTHER POPULATIONS THAT

823
00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:07,400
WERE NOT JUST THE SCHOOL

824
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:08,480
CHILDREN OR THE SCHOOL CHILDREN

825
00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:09,840
AND THEIR FAMILIES, AND THERE

826
00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:10,760
WAS CONTROVERSY ABOUT WHETHER

827
00:30:10,760 --> 00:30:12,200
THE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS IN

828
00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:15,000
SOME COUNTRIES WERE BEING USED

829
00:30:15,000 --> 00:30:16,840
TO FEED OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS AND

830
00:30:16,840 --> 00:30:18,720
WHETHER THAT SHOULD BE OR SHOULD

831
00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:23,240
NOT BE ACCEPTED.

832
00:30:23,240 --> 00:30:25,720
THE AGILITY TO ROLL OUT THOSE

833
00:30:25,720 --> 00:30:26,680
MODIFICATIONS HIGHLY DEPENDED

834
00:30:26,680 --> 00:30:28,680
AND VARIED ON A FEW THINGS THAT

835
00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:30,560
I'M GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT.

836
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:33,120
BUT JUST TO GIVE YOU A RANGE,

837
00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:34,280
CHILE WAS THE FIRST ONE TO GET

838
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:38,360
STARTED WITH THE MODIFICATIONS,

839
00:30:38,360 --> 00:30:42,680
I GUESS IMPLEMENTING THE

840
00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:43,800
MODIFICATIONS, RATHER, AND IT

841
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:44,800
TOOK MORE THAN ONE MONTH TO DO

842
00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:46,280
SO IN PUERTO RICO.

843
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:48,720
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT EVERYBODY

844
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:50,640
ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY HAS

845
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:52,320
MENTIONED WAS THAT THE UNIVERSAL

846
00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:53,720
LAWS THAT PROTECTED THE SCHOOL

847
00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:56,360
FEEDING PROGRAMS WERE A

848
00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:58,440
FACILITATING FACTOR IN BEING

849
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:02,560
ABLE TO GO AHEAD WITH THE

850
00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:04,120
MODIFICATIONS AND IN SOME CASES,

851
00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:06,520
FOR EXAMPLE, IN COSTA RICA, THEY

852
00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:09,960
TALKED ABOUT HOW THAT UNIVERSAL

853
00:31:09,960 --> 00:31:14,640
LAW ALLOWED FOR INTERSECTIONAL

854
00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:16,480
COLLABORATION THAT INCREASED

855
00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:17,920
THEIR AJIBILITY OF RESPONDING TO

856
00:31:17,920 --> 00:31:20,240
THE NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT

857
00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:20,640
POPULATIONS.

858
00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:22,200
BUT IN KEY, THERE WERE THREE

859
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:24,800
DETERMINING FACTORS THAT WE

860
00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:31,800
FOUND THAT AFFECTED EAR AFFECT R

861
00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:33,480
FACILITATED OR BECAME BARRIERS.

862
00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:34,760
THE FIRST WAS THE AUTONOMY AND

863
00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:35,960
FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN ORDER TO

864
00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:38,920
REMAIN NIMBLE.

865
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:40,760
SO FOR EXAMPLE, IN SOME OF THE

866
00:31:40,760 --> 00:31:44,560
COUNTRIES, A, AND TO BE SPECIFI,

867
00:31:44,560 --> 00:31:45,720
IN PERU, THE SCHOOL FEEDING

868
00:31:45,720 --> 00:31:48,120
PROGRAM WAS ADMINISTERED UNDER A

869
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:49,560
MINISTRY THAT WAS DIFFERENT AND

870
00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:52,040
SEPARATE FROM THE MINISTRY OF

871
00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:55,000
EDUCATION, WHICH SEEMED TO HAVE

872
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:56,440
BECOME A CHALLENGE FOR THEM TO

873
00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:57,800
RESPOND QUICKLY OR AS QUICKLY AS

874
00:31:57,800 --> 00:31:59,720
THEY WOULD HAVE WANTED TO THE

875
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:06,360
NEEDS OF THEIR SCHOOL CHILDREN.

876
00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:07,920
THE IMPLEMENTATION, THE SECOND

877
00:32:07,920 --> 00:32:09,000
THING THAT WAS A STRONG FACTOR

878
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:10,120
WAS COMMUNITY AND FAMILY

879
00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:11,840
ENGAGEMENT, INCLUDING TEACHERS,

880
00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:12,520
BEFORE AND DURING THE

881
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:15,680
EMERGENCIES.

882
00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:17,880
SO ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT WAS

883
00:32:17,880 --> 00:32:21,480
MENTIONED HERE IS THAT URUGUAY

884
00:32:21,480 --> 00:32:23,120
AND GUATEMALA, FOR EXAMPLE,

885
00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:25,200
IDENTIFIED TEACHER AND PARENT

886
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:27,160
ENGAGEMENT AS A STRENGTH, EVEN

887
00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:29,600
BEFORE THE PANDEMIC.

888
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:32,400
PARENTS IN GUATEMALA ARE PART OF

889
00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:34,400
A LEGALLY RECOGNIZED

890
00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:35,600
ORGANIZATION THAT RECEIVES

891
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:36,800
FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO PURCHASE

892
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:38,320
AND DELIVER FOODS EVEN BEFORE

893
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:39,960
THE PANDEMIC.

894
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:45,240
AND, THEREFORE, DURING THE

895
00:32:45,240 --> 00:32:46,120
PANDEMIC THESE ORGANIZATIONS

896
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:47,200
CONTINUED TO OPERATE AND

897
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:51,920
PARTICIPATE AND WERE KEY TO THE

898
00:32:51,920 --> 00:32:54,080
SUCCESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION.

899
00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:56,280
IN PUERTO RICO, LOW PARENT

900
00:32:56,280 --> 00:32:58,000
PARTICIPATION AND ABSENTEES FROM

901
00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:00,160
SCHOOL PERSONNEL WERE MENTIONED

902
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:03,040
AS CHALLENGES TO THE

903
00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:03,600
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

904
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:04,320
MODIFICATION.

905
00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:06,760
AND FINALLY, CLEAR NUTRITIONAL

906
00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:08,960
GUIDELINES ABOUT WHAT FOODS AND

907
00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:12,240
BEVERAGES ARE ALLOWED IN THE

908
00:33:12,240 --> 00:33:16,840
SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS WERE A

909
00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:19,480
KEY BARRIER IN SOME PLACES.

910
00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:20,960
DEFINITELY A KEY FACILITATOR IN

911
00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:24,160
OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT THAT

912
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:25,160
THERE WAS ALSO THE CONCERN THAT

913
00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:27,200
THEY WERE NOT BEING MONITORED,

914
00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:28,840
EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE CLEAR

915
00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:30,080
GUIDELINES THAT WERE NOT

916
00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:34,440
NECESSARILY BEING MONITORED AS

917
00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:35,440
NEEDED DURING THE PANDEMIC.

918
00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:36,960
SO WHAT WE FOUND IN LOOKING AT

919
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:38,280
THE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT IS THAT

920
00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:40,880
IN SOME COUNTRIES, DESSERTS,

921
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:43,080
SWEETS, SUGARY BEVERAGES, SUGAR

922
00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:47,240
AND SALT IN PACKETS WERE

923
00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:48,560
PROVIDED TO STUDENTS' FAMILIES

924
00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:49,760
SUGGESTING THAT THE ESTABLISHED

925
00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:50,520
GUIDELINES WERE NOT BEING

926
00:33:50,520 --> 00:33:50,760
FOLLOWED.

927
00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:53,320
IN OTHER COUNTRY, CLEAR

928
00:33:53,320 --> 00:33:56,680
GUIDELINES ABOUT RESTRICTING

929
00:33:56,680 --> 00:33:59,760
SUGAR CONTENT WERE ACTUALLY NOT

930
00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:00,720
ESTABLISHED.

931
00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:02,480
NOW, CLEAR GUIDELINES ON WHAT

932
00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,560
FOODS TO PROVIDE ARE CRITICAL,

933
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:07,520
BECAUSE IN PREVIOUS EMERGENCIES,

934
00:34:07,520 --> 00:34:09,600
WHEN THESE GUIDELINES DID NOT

935
00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:12,760
EXIST, THE FOOD ASSISTANCE WAS

936
00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:15,400
SATURATED WITH CALORIE-RICH,

937
00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:16,360
NUTRIENT-POOR FOODS, AND EVEN

938
00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:18,000
THOUGH PEOPLE HAVE FOOD TO EAT,

939
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:19,080
THEIR NUTRITION ACTUALLY

940
00:34:19,080 --> 00:34:20,640
SUFFERS.

941
00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:21,960
POTENTIALLY EXACERBATING RISK

942
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:24,680
FACTORS FOR DIET-RELATED CHRONIC

943
00:34:24,680 --> 00:34:25,440
DISEASES.

944
00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:27,960
FOOD PREPARATIONS MAY ALSO HAVE

945
00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:29,080
LEVERAGED THE VULNERABILITY OF

946
00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:30,360
GOVERNMENTS DURING THE EMERGENCY

947
00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:32,200
TO BOOST SALES OF ULTRA

948
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:33,760
PROCESSED PRODUCTS DURING THE

949
00:34:33,760 --> 00:34:35,720
PANDEMIC, AS OTHERS HAVE

950
00:34:35,720 --> 00:34:36,400
DOCUMENTED.

951
00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,600
AND THESE FOODS TEND TO BE

952
00:34:38,600 --> 00:34:40,320
SHELF-STABLE AND CAN BE

953
00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:41,960
PRE-PACKAGED FOR INDIVIDUAL

954
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:42,960
CONSUMPTION DURING EMERGENCY

955
00:34:42,960 --> 00:34:43,920
RESPONSES WITHOUT AN ASSESSMENT

956
00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:45,880
ON HOW THEY MEET THE ESTABLISHED

957
00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:47,760
NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES.

958
00:34:47,760 --> 00:34:50,160
AND SO IT IS IMPORTANT THAT

959
00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:53,600
DURING THE PANDEMIC SOME SCHOOL

960
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:54,440
FEEDING PROGRAMS WERE BEING

961
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:56,520
LEVERAGED TO COMPLEMENT EXISTING

962
00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:57,520
WHOLE COMMUNITY FEEDING EFFORTS.

963
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:06,560
FOR EXAMPLE, IN MEXICO, AND IN

964
00:35:06,560 --> 00:35:08,760
PERU, ALSO USED AS RESOURCES

965
00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,480
REDIRECTED TO FEED OTHERS BEYOND

966
00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:12,720
SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PUERTO RICO

967
00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:13,800
AS WELL.

968
00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:16,440
SO WHILE WE USE THESE

969
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:18,040
TRADITIONAL METHODS AND WE WERE

970
00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:19,360
ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FACTORS

971
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:20,800
THAT ARE AVAILABLE, I ALSO WANT

972
00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:24,200
TO PUSH US TO THINK ABOUT

973
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:25,400
SYSTEMS THINKING AND USING

974
00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:27,040
SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND

975
00:35:27,040 --> 00:35:29,880
NOT JUST WHAT ARE THE FACTORS,

976
00:35:29,880 --> 00:35:31,080
BUT WHAT ARE THE

977
00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:32,720
INTERCONNECTIONS ACROSS TIME OF

978
00:35:32,720 --> 00:35:34,680
THESE FACTORS AND WHAT ARE THE

979
00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:36,120
PATTERNS THAT ARE EMERGING IN

980
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:38,200
ORDER TO AFFECT FOOD AND

981
00:35:38,200 --> 00:35:40,800
NUTRITION SECURITY.

982
00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:42,040
I TRIED TO DO SOMETHING LIKE

983
00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:43,400
THIS WITH THE FINDINGS THAT WE

984
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:44,320
HAD FROM THE TRADITIONAL

985
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:46,400
RESEARCH METHODS.

986
00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:47,920
SO FROM THE SCHOOL FEEDING

987
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:49,640
PROGRAM, AUTONOMY AND FINANCIAL

988
00:35:49,640 --> 00:35:51,000
SUPPORT DEFINITELY SEEMED TO

989
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:53,480
IMPACT THE AGILITY TO ACQUIRE

990
00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:57,760
AND DISTRIBUTE FOODS GENERALLY,

991
00:35:57,760 --> 00:35:59,080
BUT ESPECIALLY EMPHASIZED DURING

992
00:35:59,080 --> 00:35:59,720
THE PANDEMIC.

993
00:35:59,720 --> 00:36:01,560
COMMUNITY AND FAMILY ENGAGEMENT

994
00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:03,240
SUPPORTED THAT AGILITY

995
00:36:03,240 --> 00:36:04,320
PREPANDEMIC, AND AFTER THE

996
00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:04,600
PANDEMIC.

997
00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:06,400
DURING THE PANDEMIC, THESE

998
00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:09,680
SYSTEMS WERE OVERBURDENED.

999
00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:12,080
THE NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES, HIGH

1000
00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:14,960
QUALITY NUTRITIONAL FOOD IS WHAT

1001
00:36:14,960 --> 00:36:15,720
AFFECTS NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF

1002
00:36:15,720 --> 00:36:16,000
FOODS.

1003
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:17,680
WE ALSO HAD OTHER FACTORS

1004
00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:19,000
AFFECTING HERE THAT I WOULD HAVE

1005
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,200
LIKED TO UNDERSTAND A LITTLE

1006
00:36:20,200 --> 00:36:21,280
MORE, LIKE FOR EXAMPLE, THE

1007
00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,520
PROCUREMENT OF FOODS AND THE

1008
00:36:23,520 --> 00:36:25,040
FACT THAT DURING THE PANDEMIC,

1009
00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:26,840
IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO PROCURE

1010
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:30,680
FOODS THAT WERE FRESH OR HIGHLY

1011
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:32,680
CHALLENGED, AND THAT SEEMED TO

1012
00:36:32,680 --> 00:36:34,200
ALSO AFFECT AND OVERBURDEN THE

1013
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:35,280
SYSTEM AND AFFECT THE

1014
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:36,360
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FOODS.

1015
00:36:36,360 --> 00:36:38,400
SO I'M GOING TO MOVE ON TO THE

1016
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:42,280
SECOND STUDY, WHERE WE USE A

1017
00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:43,800
SYSTEMS APPROACH AND SHOW YOU

1018
00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:45,240
HOW THINKING ABOUT SYSTEMS

1019
00:36:45,240 --> 00:36:48,000
DYNAMICS CAN HELP US UNCOVER

1020
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:52,360
OTHER NON-TRADITIONAL POTENTIAL

1021
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:56,280
POLICY LEADERS A AS WELL.

1022
00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:58,360
THIS IS A COMMUNITY ACADEMIC

1023
00:36:58,360 --> 00:36:59,440
PARTNERSHIP WHERE THE COMMUNITY

1024
00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:02,720
WANTED TO ADDRESS SUGARY DRINK

1025
00:37:02,720 --> 00:37:03,080
INTAKE.

1026
00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:06,880
IT IS PREDOMINANTLY IN THE

1027
00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:08,200
GREATER WASHINGTON, D.C.

1028
00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:08,960
METROPOLITAN AREA IN THE UNITED

1029
00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:11,040
STATES, WE STARTED DOING FOCUS

1030
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:14,400
DWREUGROUPS AND IN DEPTH INTERV,

1031
00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:15,840
SO FORMATIVE WORK TO UNDERSTAND

1032
00:37:15,840 --> 00:37:17,960
HOW WE COULD ADDRESS THE ISSUE

1033
00:37:17,960 --> 00:37:18,800
OF SUGARY DRINKS.

1034
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:21,200
THIS ASPECT OF WATER EMERGED

1035
00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:22,760
QUITE DISTINCTLY ACROSS ALL OF

1036
00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:23,840
OUR FORMATIVE WORK.

1037
00:37:23,840 --> 00:37:27,880
AND YOU CAN READ THE QUOTES HERE

1038
00:37:27,880 --> 00:37:30,640
ABOUT HOW THESE MOTHERS IN THIS

1039
00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:31,840
PARTICULAR CASE MOTHERS WERE

1040
00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:35,000
TALKING ABOUT WATER SECURITY.

1041
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:36,280
THEY OPENED THE TAP AND THE

1042
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:37,720
WATER CAME OUT YELLOW AND THEY

1043
00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:40,120
SAID SHOULD I DRINK IT OR NOT?

1044
00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:44,120
AND THEY ALSO RECEIVED VISITS,

1045
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:46,480
THIS HAPPENED NOT JUST IN D.C. 

1046
00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:48,240
BUT IT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED

1047
00:37:48,240 --> 00:37:49,200
ELSEWHERE IN THE UNITED STATES

1048
00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:50,320
FROM WATER FILTER COMPANIES THAT

1049
00:37:50,320 --> 00:37:52,720
SEEM TO BE PREDATORS ON THESE

1050
00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:53,760
COMMUNITIES, AND IMMIGRANT

1051
00:37:53,760 --> 00:37:55,440
COMMUNITIES IN GENERAL, TELLING

1052
00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:58,720
THEM THAT THE TAP WATER IS NOT

1053
00:37:58,720 --> 00:37:59,400
GOOD.

1054
00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:02,440
ABANDOAND THAT THEY SHOULD USE A

1055
00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:03,720
FILTER SO THAT THEIR CHIRP DO

1056
00:38:03,720 --> 00:38:04,080
NOT GET SICK.

1057
00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:07,800
IN AN EFFORT TO DECREASE SUGARY

1058
00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:09,360
DRINK INTAKE AND NOT TO SELL

1059
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:11,760
WATER FILTERS, WE DECIDED TO

1060
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,720
PROVIDE WATER FILTER PITCHERS,

1061
00:38:13,720 --> 00:38:15,480
LOW COST WATER FILTER PITCHER,

1062
00:38:15,480 --> 00:38:17,120
ALONG WITH AN EDUCATIONAL

1063
00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:18,840
HANDS-ON CURRICULUM DURING AN

1064
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:22,920
INTD VENGS THINTERVENTION WE TEA

1065
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:23,880
RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL.

1066
00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:25,400
THESE STUDYS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED

1067
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:29,320
ELSEWHERE BY OUR STUDENTS, AND

1068
00:38:29,320 --> 00:38:31,400
YOU CAN SEE THE REFERENCES DOWN

1069
00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:33,280
BELOW, BUT WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT

1070
00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:38,080
THE GROUPS THAT RECEIVED THE

1071
00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:39,640
WATER FILTER PITCHER INCREASED

1072
00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:41,960
THEIR WATER INTAKE AND

1073
00:38:41,960 --> 00:38:43,480
SIMULTANEOUSLY REDUCED THE

1074
00:38:43,480 --> 00:38:45,760
SUGARY DRINK INTAKE.

1075
00:38:45,760 --> 00:38:49,160
WHETHER THAT WAS CONSCIOUSLY OR

1076
00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:49,800
UNCONSCIOUSLY.

1077
00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:52,640
IS SO THAT HELPED US -- I GUESS

1078
00:38:52,640 --> 00:38:54,080
IT MADE US WONDER WHAT ELSE WE

1079
00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:56,920
WERE MISSING IN THE LARGER

1080
00:38:56,920 --> 00:38:58,000
PICTURE, AND HOW COULD WE

1081
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:02,720
SUPPORT THESE FAMILIES GOING

1082
00:39:02,720 --> 00:39:04,920
FORWARD AND WE DECIDED TO DO A

1083
00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:06,560
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY SYSTEMS

1084
00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:09,720
DYNAMIC MODELING, WHERE IF I

1085
00:39:09,720 --> 00:39:11,040
WANTED TO DRAW THIS, IF WE

1086
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:12,560
WANTED TO DO THE ACTUAL

1087
00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,200
INTERVENTION, WE WOULD BYPASS

1088
00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:16,640
TRUSTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND FOCUS

1089
00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:19,280
ON TAP WATER CONSUMPTION, WHICH

1090
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:20,480
INFLUENCES SUGARY DRINK

1091
00:39:20,480 --> 00:39:21,160
CONSUMPTION.

1092
00:39:21,160 --> 00:39:22,920
THIS IS A METHOD THAT IS USED

1093
00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:26,360
WITH DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS OF

1094
00:39:26,360 --> 00:39:27,600
VARIOUS EXECUTORS THAT THE

1095
00:39:27,600 --> 00:39:28,240
COMMUNITY LIVES IN.

1096
00:39:28,240 --> 00:39:30,360
AND YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE ARE

1097
00:39:30,360 --> 00:39:34,600
VARIOUS REINFORCING FACTORS.

1098
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:35,840
I AM JUST GOING TO HIGHLIGHT

1099
00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:37,200
THAT IT HELPS US THINK BEYOND

1100
00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:40,280
THE TRADITIONAL INTERVENTION

1101
00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:42,040
POINT TO IDENTIFY WITH THEM IN A

1102
00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:43,240
PARTICIPATORY MANNER, AND BY

1103
00:39:43,240 --> 00:39:45,880
THEM, I MEAN THE ACTUAL FAMILIES

1104
00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:47,200
THAT ARE AFFECTED BY THESE, BUT

1105
00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:49,920
ALSO THE PROVIDERS OF SERVICES,

1106
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:52,680
ABOUT WHAT COULD BE INNOVATIVE

1107
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:56,720
APPROACHES IN THE SYSTEMS

1108
00:39:56,720 --> 00:39:58,040
THEMSELVES, ARE THEY EASY OR

1109
00:39:58,040 --> 00:39:59,800
HARD TO DO, AND DO THEY HAVE ANY

1110
00:39:59,800 --> 00:40:00,920
IMPACT ON EQUITY.

1111
00:40:00,920 --> 00:40:02,960
SO YOU CAN SEE THREE IDEAS THAT

1112
00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:05,960
EMERGED FROM THESE DISCUSSIONS,

1113
00:40:05,960 --> 00:40:07,040
A FEW OF THEM THAT ARE ALREADY

1114
00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:10,000
HAPPENING SO THEY ARE EASY TO

1115
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:12,760
DO, AND PIPING REPLACING WHICH

1116
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:16,680
IS DIFFICULT D TO DO BUT

1117
00:40:16,680 --> 00:40:17,440
WASHINGTON, D.C. IS ALREADY

1118
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:18,920
DOING THIS, SO WE'RE WONDERING

1119
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:20,520
WHETHER THAT CAN BE LEVERAGED TO

1120
00:40:20,520 --> 00:40:22,080
AFFECT SUGARY DRINK CONSUMPTION

1121
00:40:22,080 --> 00:40:22,960
THAT ALSO AFFECTS DIETARY

1122
00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:23,280
QUALITY.

1123
00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:24,600
SO IN SUMMARY, THERE'S STILL A

1124
00:40:24,600 --> 00:40:28,120
LOT TO BE UNPACKED ON WHAT ARE

1125
00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:29,200
THESE FACTORS IN THE

1126
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:30,200
ENVIRONMENT, WHAT ARE THE

1127
00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:31,320
INTERACTIONS AND PATTERNS, BUT

1128
00:40:31,320 --> 00:40:33,920
WE HAVE A GREAT OPPORTUNITY WITH

1129
00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:36,640
RESEARCH METHODS THAT WE ALREADY

1130
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:38,960
HAVE TO LEVERAGE THOSE AND

1131
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:41,200
LEVERAGE THE MOMENTUM TO

1132
00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:43,560
ESTABLISH A COMMON GROUND FOR

1133
00:40:43,560 --> 00:40:45,080
DISCUSSION AND PROBLEM SOLVING

1134
00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:47,040
ACROSS SECTORS THAT TYPICALLY

1135
00:40:47,040 --> 00:40:50,440
ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT NUTRITION

1136
00:40:50,440 --> 00:40:54,080
SECURITY, SO WE CAN SEE HOW

1137
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:55,840
NUTRITION SECURITY ESTABLISHES A

1138
00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:58,480
SYSTEMS THINKING CAPACITY ACROSS

1139
00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:00,640
STAKEHOLDERS TO PUSH NUTRITION

1140
00:41:00,640 --> 00:41:02,080
SECURITY FORWARD ACROSS

1141
00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:03,280
MUNICIPAL WATER PROVIDERS, FOR

1142
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:03,880
EXAMPLE.

1143
00:41:03,880 --> 00:41:08,440
AND WE CAN RELY ON THE INGENUITY

1144
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:10,200
AND CONTEXT EXPERTISE OF THESE

1145
00:41:10,200 --> 00:41:11,960
STAKEHOLDERS THAT ARE NOT

1146
00:41:11,960 --> 00:41:13,360
TRADITIONALLY REPRESENTED IN

1147
00:41:13,360 --> 00:41:14,600
RESEARCH, IN PUBLIC HEALTH

1148
00:41:14,600 --> 00:41:16,120
NUTRITION OR IN FOOD

1149
00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:17,800
INTERVENTIONS, TO IDENTIFY

1150
00:41:17,800 --> 00:41:19,640
OUTSIDE OF THE BOX INTERVENTION

1151
00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:21,640
OR LEVER POINTS, AND THAT ALSO

1152
00:41:21,640 --> 00:41:25,320
INCREASES THE OWNERSHIP OF THAT

1153
00:41:25,320 --> 00:41:26,320
PROBLEM SOLVING FOR THEM TO

1154
00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:29,720
FOLLOW THROUGH.

1155
00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:30,360
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1156
00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:32,760
HERE IS MY EMAIL, AND MY TWITTER

1157
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:34,320
HANDLE.

1158
00:41:34,320 --> 00:41:44,520
THANK YOU.

1159
00:41:52,240 --> 00:41:54,560
>>HI, EVERYONE.

1160
00:41:54,560 --> 00:41:55,440
THANKS, URI.

1161
00:41:55,440 --> 00:42:02,080
I THINK I'M SHARING NOW.

1162
00:42:02,080 --> 00:42:04,000
SO THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING

1163
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:05,520
ME TODAY TO SPEAK.

1164
00:42:05,520 --> 00:42:09,920
I'M DELIGHTED TO BE HERE.

1165
00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:11,000
I'M GOING TO BE PRESENTING

1166
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,520
FINDINGS FROM A STUDY I

1167
00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:16,480
CONDUCTED WITH COLLEAGUES FROM

1168
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:17,440
THE CENTER FOR FOOD POLICY AS

1169
00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:19,640
PART OF OUR WORK IN THE U.K.'S

1170
00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:21,960
OBESITY POLICY RESEARCH UNIT,

1171
00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:23,200
WHERE WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO THE

1172
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:25,120
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TO INFORM

1173
00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:27,000
THEIR PUBLIC HEALTH AGENDA.

1174
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:28,640
AND TODAY I'M HOPING TO

1175
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,600
INTRODUCE THE VALUE OF THE LIVED

1176
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:33,800
EXPERIENCE RESEARCH AND ALSO

1177
00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:34,880
RESULTS OUR STUDY FOUND USING

1178
00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:37,000
THIS APPROACH ABOUT THE NEXUS

1179
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,480
BETWEEN FINANCIAL INSECURITY AND

1180
00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:44,720
FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

1181
00:42:44,720 --> 00:42:46,080
SO WHAT IS LIVED EXPERIENCE

1182
00:42:46,080 --> 00:42:46,520
RESEARCH?

1183
00:42:46,520 --> 00:42:48,560
THIS APPROACH USES IN DEPTH

1184
00:42:48,560 --> 00:42:49,760
METHODS TO INVESTIGATE PEOPLE'S

1185
00:42:49,760 --> 00:42:51,760
DAILY REALITIES.

1186
00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:54,600
AS AN ENTRY POINT FOR

1187
00:42:54,600 --> 00:42:56,160
UNDERSTANDING HOW FOOD AND FOOD

1188
00:42:56,160 --> 00:42:57,880
SYSTEMS ARE EXPERIENCED IN DAILY

1189
00:42:57,880 --> 00:42:58,200
LIFE.

1190
00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:02,280
ALSO TO UNDERSTANDING HOW WIDE A

1191
00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:03,920
SYSTEM'S SHAPE HOW WE ENGAGE

1192
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:05,360
WITH FOOD ENVIRONMENTS,

1193
00:43:05,360 --> 00:43:07,560
INCLUDING ECONOMIC SYSTEMS,

1194
00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:09,640
CULTURAL, URBAN, FOOD EDUCATION

1195
00:43:09,640 --> 00:43:13,040
AND HEALTH.

1196
00:43:13,040 --> 00:43:15,000
THIS CAN HELP US ANSWER

1197
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:18,280
QUESTIONS LIKE HOW DO PEOPLE

1198
00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:19,520
FEEL ABOUT THIS ASPECT OF THE

1199
00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:20,240
FOOD ENVIRONMENT?

1200
00:43:20,240 --> 00:43:22,320
WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS

1201
00:43:22,320 --> 00:43:24,640
WHICH SHAPE THIS POPULATION'S

1202
00:43:24,640 --> 00:43:28,240
EXPERIENCE OF FOOD AND FOOD

1203
00:43:28,240 --> 00:43:28,560
ENVIRONMENT?

1204
00:43:28,560 --> 00:43:29,680
AND HOW IS THIS INTERVENTION OR

1205
00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:31,000
POLICY EXPERIENCED IN THE

1206
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:32,840
CONTEXT OF THIS POPULATION'S

1207
00:43:32,840 --> 00:43:36,040
DAILY LIFE?

1208
00:43:36,040 --> 00:43:37,880
AND WE DO THIS RESEARCH IN THE

1209
00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:39,960
CONTEXT OF ENGLAND, WHERE THERE

1210
00:43:39,960 --> 00:43:44,960
ARE SIGNIFICANT INEQUALITIES IN

1211
00:43:44,960 --> 00:43:46,880
ILL HEALTH, SUCH AS OBESITY, SO

1212
00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:50,040
THIS RECENT DATA FOUND THAT NOW,

1213
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:51,920
SINCE COVID, 1 IN 3 CHILDREN

1214
00:43:51,920 --> 00:43:53,640
LIVING IN THE MOST DEPRIVED

1215
00:43:53,640 --> 00:43:55,320
NEIGHBORHOODS IN ENGLAND ARE

1216
00:43:55,320 --> 00:43:57,600
LIVING WITH OBESITY.

1217
00:43:57,600 --> 00:44:00,680
AND THIS IS MORE THAN TWO TIMES

1218
00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:02,800
THE PREVALENCE AMONGST CHILDREN

1219
00:44:02,800 --> 00:44:05,400
IN LEAST DEPRIVED AREAS.

1220
00:44:05,400 --> 00:44:08,680
AND FOOD I INSECURITY ALSO FOLLS

1221
00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:10,000
THE SAME SOCIAL GRADIENT WITH

1222
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:11,720
THOSE ON LOW INCOMES MUCH MORE

1223
00:44:11,720 --> 00:44:13,640
LIKELY TO BE FOOD INSECURE, AND

1224
00:44:13,640 --> 00:44:15,680
IT'S THE EXPERIENCES OF THOSE ON

1225
00:44:15,680 --> 00:44:18,240
LOW INCOMES I'M GOING TO BE

1226
00:44:18,240 --> 00:44:19,080
FOCUSING ON TODAY.

1227
00:44:19,080 --> 00:44:22,280
SO IN THIS CONTEXT IN ENGLAND

1228
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:24,600
AND TO COVID, AND WE REALLY

1229
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:26,440
WANTED TO UNDERSTAND HOW COVID

1230
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:29,080
AND ITS IMPACTS ON DAILY LIFE

1231
00:44:29,080 --> 00:44:31,280
WERE SHAPING FAMILY'S FEELINGS

1232
00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:33,240
ABOUT EXPERIENCE OF AND

1233
00:44:33,240 --> 00:44:35,320
ENGAGEMENT WITH FOOD AND FOOD

1234
00:44:35,320 --> 00:44:35,640
ENVIRONMENTS.

1235
00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:36,760
IN PARTICULAR, WE WANTED TO

1236
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:38,400
UNDERSTAND HOW THIS DIFFERED

1237
00:44:38,400 --> 00:44:39,600
ACROSS SOCIOECONOMIC AND

1238
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:40,640
DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS.

1239
00:44:40,640 --> 00:44:42,240
AND FINALLY, WE WANTED TO DRAW

1240
00:44:42,240 --> 00:44:44,240
OUT LEARNINGS FOR MORE EFFECTIVE

1241
00:44:44,240 --> 00:44:47,280
AND EQUITABLE OBESITY PREVENTION

1242
00:44:47,280 --> 00:44:53,720
POLICY GOING FORWARD BEYOND

1243
00:44:53,720 --> 00:44:54,160
COVID.

1244
00:44:54,160 --> 00:45:03,960
AROUND WE CONDAND WE CONDUCTED L

1245
00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:05,040
STUDY, THREE TIMES OVER A YEAR,

1246
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:06,760
IN WINTER 2020, WHEN ENGLAND WAS

1247
00:45:06,760 --> 00:45:09,080
STILL IN LOCAL LOCKDOWN, IN

1248
00:45:09,080 --> 00:45:10,200
SPRING 2021 AS WE WERE

1249
00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:11,960
RE-OPENING AND AT THE END OF

1250
00:45:11,960 --> 00:45:14,240
2021, AS WE WERE BEGINNING TO

1251
00:45:14,240 --> 00:45:15,680
SEE VARIOUS INCREASES IN THE

1252
00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:18,520
COST OF LIVING.

1253
00:45:18,520 --> 00:45:20,920
PARTICIPANTS TOOK PART IN REMOTE

1254
00:45:20,920 --> 00:45:22,920
INTERVIEWS OVER THE PHONE OR ON

1255
00:45:22,920 --> 00:45:26,080
ZOOM, AND ALSO TO PHOTOS,

1256
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:28,360
RECORDED DIARIES AND FOOD MAPS

1257
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:31,040
OF RELATED EXPERIENCES.

1258
00:45:31,040 --> 00:45:32,360
WE RECRUITED FROM THREE CASE

1259
00:45:32,360 --> 00:45:34,360
STUDY AREAS REPRESENTING

1260
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:37,400
METROPOLITAN, RURAL, COASTAL,

1261
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:41,000
AND URBAN GEOGRAPHIES.

1262
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:43,080
SO I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT HOW

1263
00:45:43,080 --> 00:45:45,080
FINANCIAL INSECURITY DIRECTLY

1264
00:45:45,080 --> 00:45:46,600
SHAPED HOW PEOPLE ENGAGED WITH

1265
00:45:46,600 --> 00:45:48,480
FOOD ENVIRONMENTS IN OUR STUDY

1266
00:45:48,480 --> 00:45:50,920
TO UNDERMINE NUTRITION.

1267
00:45:50,920 --> 00:45:53,640
I'M ALSO GOING TO TALK ABOUT TWO

1268
00:45:53,640 --> 00:45:55,600
WIDER CONTEXTS WHICH OFTEN OCCUR

1269
00:45:55,600 --> 00:45:57,200
ALONGSIDE FINANCIAL INSECURITY,

1270
00:45:57,200 --> 00:46:01,320
WHICH WERE HIGHLIGHTED AND

1271
00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:02,080
ACCELERATED DURING COVID.

1272
00:46:02,080 --> 00:46:12,600
SO ONE OF THESE IS TIME POVERTY

1273
00:46:18,760 --> 00:46:21,120
AND SCARCITY OF SOCIAL,

1274
00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:27,360
WELL-BEING AND LEISURE

1275
00:46:27,360 --> 00:46:28,000
OPPORTUNITIES.

1276
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:29,760
FOOD SHOPPING WAS RELENTLESS AND

1277
00:46:29,760 --> 00:46:32,680
TIME INTENSIVE, INVOLVING

1278
00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:34,120
MEMORIZING PRICES AND SHOPPING

1279
00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:35,240
ACROSS MULTIPLE STORES TO GET

1280
00:46:35,240 --> 00:46:36,240
THE BEST DEALS.

1281
00:46:36,240 --> 00:46:37,960
IT INVOLVES PRIORITIZING

1282
00:46:37,960 --> 00:46:40,600
QUANTITY OVER QUALITY OF FOOD,

1283
00:46:40,600 --> 00:46:42,480
AS PARENTS VERY SENSIBLY HAD

1284
00:46:42,480 --> 00:46:44,360
CONCERNS AROUND HAVING ENOUGH

1285
00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:45,680
FOOD, AND THESE CAME BEFORE

1286
00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:46,960
HEALTH.

1287
00:46:46,960 --> 00:46:49,480
THEY ALSO INVOLVED UTILIZING

1288
00:46:49,480 --> 00:46:51,560
PROMPTS, DISCOUNTS AND

1289
00:46:51,560 --> 00:46:52,920
PROMOTIONS IN THE SUPERMARKET IN

1290
00:46:52,920 --> 00:46:54,520
AN ATTEMPT TO BUY MORE FOOD FOR

1291
00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:55,080
LESS.

1292
00:46:55,080 --> 00:46:58,880
SO THINGS LIKE BUY ONE GET ONE

1293
00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:00,560
FREE, MULTI-OFFERS IN THE U.K.,

1294
00:47:00,560 --> 00:47:02,640
MAJORITY OF WHICH ARE FOODS HIGH

1295
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:06,360
IN SALTS, FATS AND SUGARS AND

1296
00:47:06,360 --> 00:47:07,480
PACKAGED CONFECTIONARY FOODS.

1297
00:47:07,480 --> 00:47:08,920
THIS IS A QUOTE FROM CLAIRE, A

1298
00:47:08,920 --> 00:47:10,640
SINGLE MOM WHOSE LOW INCOME HAD

1299
00:47:10,640 --> 00:47:12,080
FAILED TO KEEP UP WITH

1300
00:47:12,080 --> 00:47:13,520
INCREASING COST OF HER RENT AND

1301
00:47:13,520 --> 00:47:14,840
BILLS SINCE COVID.

1302
00:47:14,840 --> 00:47:16,440
SHE'S TRYING TO CUT HER FOOD

1303
00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:18,000
BUDGET TO AFFORD THESE COSTS,

1304
00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:22,960
AND SHE TALKS ABOUT HOW THE FOOD

1305
00:47:22,960 --> 00:47:24,840
ENVIRONMENT TRICKED HER TO BUY

1306
00:47:24,840 --> 00:47:26,320
MORE THAN SHE WOULD OTHERWISE,

1307
00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:29,000
THINGS LIKE READY MADE MEALS,

1308
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:30,640
PREMADE PIZZAS AND CONFECTIONARY

1309
00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:33,040
FOODS.

1310
00:47:33,040 --> 00:47:37,280
BUT I BROADER CONTEXT ASSOCIATED

1311
00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:38,720
WITH FINANCIAL DEPRIVATION WHICH

1312
00:47:38,720 --> 00:47:40,280
WERE HIGHLIGHTED IN COVID.

1313
00:47:40,280 --> 00:47:41,800
FAMILIES ACROSS THE INCOME

1314
00:47:41,800 --> 00:47:43,120
SPECTRUM SPOKE ABOUT THE

1315
00:47:43,120 --> 00:47:44,960
CHALLENGE OF NOT BEING ABLE TO

1316
00:47:44,960 --> 00:47:47,160
ACCESS SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND

1317
00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:49,160
LEISURE ACTIVITY IN LOCKDOWN.

1318
00:47:49,160 --> 00:47:50,600
PARENTS FELT ANXIOUS AND GUILTY

1319
00:47:50,600 --> 00:47:53,720
THAT CHILDREN WERE MISSING OUT

1320
00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:55,960
ON THE FUN AND -- THAT THESE

1321
00:47:55,960 --> 00:47:56,880
OPPORTUNITIES USUALLY PROVIDED.

1322
00:47:56,880 --> 00:48:00,440
IN THIS CONTEXT, FOOD BECAME AN

1323
00:48:00,440 --> 00:48:01,360
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF TREAT AND

1324
00:48:01,360 --> 00:48:02,640
REWARD.

1325
00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:04,120
SAYING YES TO CHILDREN'S

1326
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:05,880
REQUESTS FOR JUNK FOOD PROVIDED

1327
00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:07,680
PARENTS WITH A SOLUTION AND WAY

1328
00:48:07,680 --> 00:48:09,160
TO FULFILL HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING

1329
00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:13,000
NEEDS WHEN OTHER MEANS WERE

1330
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:13,880
INACCESSIBLE.

1331
00:48:13,880 --> 00:48:15,920
NICOLE'S QUOTE HERE ILLUSTRATE

1332
00:48:15,920 --> 00:48:17,240
THIS WHEN SHE SPEAKS ABOUT, IN

1333
00:48:17,240 --> 00:48:18,600
LOCK DOWN, YOU'RE SO RESTRICTED

1334
00:48:18,600 --> 00:48:19,800
IN MANY DIFFERENT AREAS OF LIFE,

1335
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:20,680
AND FOOD IS SOMETHING WHERE YOU

1336
00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:30,400
CAN TREAT YOURSELF WITH.

1337
00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:33,040
BEYOND LOCKDOWNS, FOR SOME

1338
00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:34,240
FAMILIES WE SPOKE TO, THIS

1339
00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:36,400
CONTEXT OF RESTRICTION EXISTED

1340
00:48:36,400 --> 00:48:37,440
BEYOND THIS CONTEXT BECAUSE OF

1341
00:48:37,440 --> 00:48:38,880
NOT BEING ABLE TO AFFORD OR

1342
00:48:38,880 --> 00:48:41,280
ACCESS SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND

1343
00:48:41,280 --> 00:48:42,640
LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES IN LOCAL

1344
00:48:42,640 --> 00:48:43,600
AREAS.

1345
00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:45,520
SO LEILA WAS A SINGLE MOTHER OF

1346
00:48:45,520 --> 00:48:47,480
TWO WHO LOST SIGNIFICANT INCOME

1347
00:48:47,480 --> 00:48:49,640
POST COVID FROM HER SMALL

1348
00:48:49,640 --> 00:48:50,120
BUSINESS.

1349
00:48:50,120 --> 00:48:51,280
AND HERE SHE WAS SPEAKING TO ME

1350
00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:52,920
ABOUT HOW SHE COULDN'T AFFORD

1351
00:48:52,920 --> 00:48:54,920
CINEMA TRIPS AND BOWLING FOR THE

1352
00:48:54,920 --> 00:48:55,680
KIDS ANYMORE.

1353
00:48:55,680 --> 00:48:56,880
SHE FEELS THAT HER KIDS ARE

1354
00:48:56,880 --> 00:49:01,200
MISSING OUT, BUT TAKEAWAYS NEAR

1355
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:02,720
HER PROVIDED A SOLUTION TO THIS.

1356
00:49:02,720 --> 00:49:04,440
WHEN YOU'RE IN THE MOMENT, YOU

1357
00:49:04,440 --> 00:49:07,560
FEEL EMOTI EMOTIONALLY LIKE, YEU

1358
00:49:07,560 --> 00:49:08,760
SHOULD DO THIS BECAUSE THEY

1359
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:09,960
DESERVE IT.

1360
00:49:09,960 --> 00:49:11,480
AND THE SECOND CONTEXT THAT WAS

1361
00:49:11,480 --> 00:49:13,600
BOTH HIGHLIGHTED AND ACCELERATED

1362
00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:15,880
BY COVID IN THIS TIME IS TIME

1363
00:49:15,880 --> 00:49:17,240
POVERTY.

1364
00:49:17,240 --> 00:49:19,160
THIS WASN'T JUST ABOUT THE

1365
00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:22,600
MINUTES IN A DAY PEOPLE HAD

1366
00:49:22,600 --> 00:49:23,040
FOOD.

1367
00:49:23,040 --> 00:49:24,680
THERE WAS ALSO THE AUTONOMY

1368
00:49:24,680 --> 00:49:25,760
PEOPLE HAD OVER THOSE MINUTES

1369
00:49:25,760 --> 00:49:27,640
AND THIS WAS GROWING POST COVID

1370
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:30,280
AS SOME PEOPLE MOSTLY ON HIGH

1371
00:49:30,280 --> 00:49:31,240
INCOMES MOVED TO WORKING FROM

1372
00:49:31,240 --> 00:49:33,920
HOME AND HAD MORE FLEXIBILITY TO

1373
00:49:33,920 --> 00:49:37,640
FIT FOOD WORK AROUND WORK, WHILE

1374
00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:39,840
OTHER PEOPLE WE SPOKE TO WERE

1375
00:49:39,840 --> 00:49:42,360
WORKING IN KEY WORKER ROLES,

1376
00:49:42,360 --> 00:49:46,080
WORKING OUT THE HOME, AND LESS

1377
00:49:46,080 --> 00:49:47,320
AUTONOMY OVER THEIR WORKING

1378
00:49:47,320 --> 00:49:48,640
HOURS AND THOSE TENDED TO BE

1379
00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:50,080
THOSE ON LOW INCOMES.

1380
00:49:50,080 --> 00:49:51,400
AND IT WAS ALSO ABOUT THIS

1381
00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:52,120
OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF THOSE

1382
00:49:52,120 --> 00:49:52,480
MINUTES.

1383
00:49:52,480 --> 00:49:54,000
SO THOSE WHO WORKED OUT THE HOME

1384
00:49:54,000 --> 00:49:57,520
ON THEIR FEET ALL DAY CAME HOME

1385
00:49:57,520 --> 00:49:58,880
FEELING EXHAUSTED WHILE THOSE

1386
00:49:58,880 --> 00:50:00,840
WORKING FROM HOME HAD MORE

1387
00:50:00,840 --> 00:50:02,240
ENERGY IN THE EVENINGS FOR ALL

1388
00:50:02,240 --> 00:50:05,560
THE WORK THAT GOES INTO

1389
00:50:05,560 --> 00:50:06,760
PREPARING MEALS.

1390
00:50:06,760 --> 00:50:11,800
COLLECT BLI THESE TIME POVERTY

1391
00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:12,800
CAPACITY FOR PREPARING AND

1392
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:14,120
REALLY IMPORTANTLY FEEDING

1393
00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:15,560
FAMILY HEALTHY FOODS, SO ALL THE

1394
00:50:15,560 --> 00:50:17,080
WORK THAT GOES INTO MAKING SURE

1395
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:19,040
KIDS SIT DOWN AND ACTUALLY EAT

1396
00:50:19,040 --> 00:50:20,640
THOSE FOODS.

1397
00:50:20,640 --> 00:50:25,000
AND THIS CONTEXT, FAST FOOD AND

1398
00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:26,760
PALATABLE FOOD THAT CHILDREN

1399
00:50:26,760 --> 00:50:28,320
WILL RELIABLY EAT AND ENJOY

1400
00:50:28,320 --> 00:50:31,920
PROVIDED A SOLUTION, AND AZARI

1401
00:50:31,920 --> 00:50:33,520
HERE TALKS ABOUT THE SOLUTION,

1402
00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:35,440
WHEN IT'S A TAKEOUT FOR A FACT

1403
00:50:35,440 --> 00:50:36,440
YOU KNOW THEY'LL SIT DOWN AND

1404
00:50:36,440 --> 00:50:38,280
EAT IT, HEALTHY COSTS MORE AND

1405
00:50:38,280 --> 00:50:39,840
IS SO MUCH EASIER AND CHEAPER TO

1406
00:50:39,840 --> 00:50:41,200
ORDER A COUPLE OF BURGERS AND

1407
00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:45,640
GET IT OVER AND DONE WITH.

1408
00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:47,640
SO TOGETHER THESE FINDINGS SHOW

1409
00:50:47,640 --> 00:50:50,520
THAT LOW INCOME ONLY RESTRICTED

1410
00:50:50,520 --> 00:50:52,360
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD BUT ALSO

1411
00:50:52,360 --> 00:50:53,680
CREATED A SITUATION IN WHICH

1412
00:50:53,680 --> 00:50:54,840
UNHEALTHY FOOD WAS OFTEN THE

1413
00:50:54,840 --> 00:50:56,480
MOST SENSIBLE AND LOGICAL

1414
00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:59,400
SOLUTION FOR PARENTS.

1415
00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:00,920
WHEN MANAGING FOOD SHOPPING ON A

1416
00:51:00,920 --> 00:51:02,360
TIGHT BUDGET, ASPECTS OF THE

1417
00:51:02,360 --> 00:51:03,560
FOOD ENVIRONMENT LIKE DISCOUNTS

1418
00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:06,640
AND OFFERS WERE USED TO MAKE

1419
00:51:06,640 --> 00:51:07,280
MONEY GO FURTHER.

1420
00:51:07,280 --> 00:51:09,800
WHEN EXPERIENCING TIME POVERTY,

1421
00:51:09,800 --> 00:51:11,440
FAST FOOD AND PREPARED MEALS

1422
00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:12,560
PROVIDED A QUICK MEAL THAT THEIR

1423
00:51:12,560 --> 00:51:15,520
CHILDREN WOULD EAT WITHOUT FUSS.

1424
00:51:15,520 --> 00:51:16,520
WHEN SOCIAL AND LEISURE

1425
00:51:16,520 --> 00:51:19,680
ACTIVITIES WERE INACCESSIBLE,

1426
00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:21,560
JUNK, SNACK AND COMFORT FOODS

1427
00:51:21,560 --> 00:51:23,640
PROVIDED A CHEAP WAY TO MEET

1428
00:51:23,640 --> 00:51:24,520
HOUSEHOLD, EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL

1429
00:51:24,520 --> 00:51:25,040
NEEDS.

1430
00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:26,520
AND THE PARENTS WE SPOKE TO

1431
00:51:26,520 --> 00:51:27,640
DIDN'T SIMPLY RESPOND TO THE

1432
00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:29,480
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AND ITS

1433
00:51:29,480 --> 00:51:32,320
PRICE, ALTHOUGH THIS WAS VERY

1434
00:51:32,320 --> 00:51:33,880
IMPORTANT, BUT THEY ALSO

1435
00:51:33,880 --> 00:51:35,320
CREATIVELY DEVELOPED FOOD

1436
00:51:35,320 --> 00:51:37,800
PRACTICES TO MANAGE NON-FOOD

1437
00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:39,480
CHALLENGES, IN PARTICULAR, TIME

1438
00:51:39,480 --> 00:51:41,680
POVERTY AND LACK OF ACCESS TO

1439
00:51:41,680 --> 00:51:43,560
SOCIAL AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES IN

1440
00:51:43,560 --> 00:51:46,960
THEIR LOCAL COMMUNITIES.

1441
00:51:46,960 --> 00:51:49,200
SO BUYING SNACK FOODS, FAST

1442
00:51:49,200 --> 00:51:50,880
FOODS, FREEZER FOODS AND

1443
00:51:50,880 --> 00:51:52,000
ENERGY-DENSE FOODS HELPED

1444
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:53,520
RESOLVE THESE CHALLENGES.

1445
00:51:53,520 --> 00:51:54,840
EVEN THOUGH PARENTS WERE VERY

1446
00:51:54,840 --> 00:51:56,840
AWARE THAT MANY OF THESE FOODS

1447
00:51:56,840 --> 00:52:00,320
WERE NOT IDEAL NUTRITIONALLY.

1448
00:52:00,320 --> 00:52:02,760
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR

1449
00:52:02,760 --> 00:52:04,680
LEVERAGING FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND

1450
00:52:04,680 --> 00:52:05,400
FOOD SECURITY?

1451
00:52:05,400 --> 00:52:07,480
IT TELLS US WE NEED TO TAKE A

1452
00:52:07,480 --> 00:52:08,720
WHOSE SYSTEMS APPROACH IN

1453
00:52:08,720 --> 00:52:09,840
DEVELOPING OUR SOLUTIONS,

1454
00:52:09,840 --> 00:52:10,920
ALTERING WHAT IS AVAILABLE AND

1455
00:52:10,920 --> 00:52:12,000
ACCESSIBLE IN THE FOOD

1456
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:14,080
ENVIRONMENT IS A FIRST AND VERY

1457
00:52:14,080 --> 00:52:15,520
CRUCIAL STEP, BUT WE COULD ALSO

1458
00:52:15,520 --> 00:52:18,280
THINK ABOUT LOOKING AT WHETHER

1459
00:52:18,280 --> 00:52:19,680
ENGAGING WITH THESE PARTS OF THE

1460
00:52:19,680 --> 00:52:20,440
FOOD ENVIRONMENT REALLY MAKE

1461
00:52:20,440 --> 00:52:22,320
SENSE IN THE CONTEXT OF PEOPLE'S

1462
00:52:22,320 --> 00:52:24,800
EVERYDAY LIVES.

1463
00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:26,560
AND LIVED EXPERIENCE RESEARCH

1464
00:52:26,560 --> 00:52:28,840
AND APPROACHES TO RESEARCH ARE A

1465
00:52:28,840 --> 00:52:30,840
GREAT TOOL TO BE ABLE TO DO THIS

1466
00:52:30,840 --> 00:52:36,720
KIND OF WORK, AND I'LL SHARE IN

1467
00:52:36,720 --> 00:52:38,080
THE CHAT A BRIEFING WE'VE

1468
00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:38,320
PRODUCED.

1469
00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:39,880
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR LISTENING

1470
00:52:39,880 --> 00:52:42,120
AND FOR NIH FOR HAVING ME.

1471
00:52:42,120 --> 00:52:44,480
I'LL HAND OVER TO THE NEXT

1472
00:52:44,480 --> 00:52:51,360
SPEAKER.

1473
00:52:51,360 --> 00:52:58,680
>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1474
00:52:58,680 --> 00:52:59,240
 MUCH, CHARLOTTE.

1475
00:52:59,240 --> 00:53:01,120
NOW TO GIVE YOU AN AFRICAN

1476
00:53:01,120 --> 00:53:04,160
EXAMPLE, I'LL PRESENT TO YOU HOW

1477
00:53:04,160 --> 00:53:06,160
IMPLEMENTATION OF FOOD

1478
00:53:06,160 --> 00:53:10,440
ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH IN

1479
00:53:10,440 --> 00:53:12,280
GHANA -- INFORMED ADVOCACY, BUT

1480
00:53:12,280 --> 00:53:17,120
ALSO DEMAND FOR FOOD-BASED

1481
00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:17,400
POLICY.

1482
00:53:17,400 --> 00:53:18,360
FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ALREADY

1483
00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:21,440
KNOW ABOUT GHANA, IT IS A

1484
00:53:21,440 --> 00:53:26,160
RELATIVELY YOUNG COUNTRY

1485
00:53:26,160 --> 00:53:27,480
BATTLING MULTIPLE -- MONITORING

1486
00:53:27,480 --> 00:53:29,160
CURRENTLY AND LOCATED IN THE

1487
00:53:29,160 --> 00:53:30,000
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.

1488
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:32,800
AND SO CURRENTLY, FOOD

1489
00:53:32,800 --> 00:53:36,040
INSECURITY IS A MAJOR PROBLEM IN

1490
00:53:36,040 --> 00:53:39,040
GHANA.

1491
00:53:39,040 --> 00:53:45,720
MALNUTRITION IS A PROBLEM BUT

1492
00:53:45,720 --> 00:53:47,040
ALSO CURRENTLY -- DEPICTED THE

1493
00:53:47,040 --> 00:53:49,320
TRAJECTORY OF OVERWEIGHT AND

1494
00:53:49,320 --> 00:53:55,520
OBESITY AMONG GHANA WOMEN,

1495
00:53:55,520 --> 00:53:58,440
SKYROCKETED TO 40% WHEN LAST WE

1496
00:53:58,440 --> 00:53:59,960
HAVE THE STUDY CONDUCTED IN

1497
00:53:59,960 --> 00:54:00,400
GHANA.

1498
00:54:00,400 --> 00:54:07,800
SO THIS IS A PROBLEM.

1499
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:11,240
AS WE'RE ALSO CONCERNED AS

1500
00:54:11,240 --> 00:54:12,680
PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS,

1501
00:54:12,680 --> 00:54:13,680
RESEARCHERS AND ADVOCATES.

1502
00:54:13,680 --> 00:54:16,040
SO WE WANTED TO CONTRIBUTE TO

1503
00:54:16,040 --> 00:54:20,080
ADDRESSING THIS PROBLEM THROUGH

1504
00:54:20,080 --> 00:54:21,280
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC

1505
00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:24,240
POLICY MEASURES.

1506
00:54:24,240 --> 00:54:25,720
WE WERE SOON REMINDED OF THE

1507
00:54:25,720 --> 00:54:28,400
FACT THAT THERE WERE SEVERAL

1508
00:54:28,400 --> 00:54:29,360
LONG-STANDING CHALLENGES THAT

1509
00:54:29,360 --> 00:54:32,360
NEEDED TO BE ADDRESSED.

1510
00:54:32,360 --> 00:54:33,800
SO SUCH LONG-STANDING CHALLENGES

1511
00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:42,400
RELATED TO DATA -- POLICY FOCUS,

1512
00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:44,040
INERTIA, POLICY COHERENCE NEEDED

1513
00:54:44,040 --> 00:54:44,800
TO BE ADDRESSED.

1514
00:54:44,800 --> 00:54:46,520
SO AS IS OFTEN SAID IN GHANA, IF

1515
00:54:46,520 --> 00:54:54,080
YOU ATTEMPT TO DO -- SOMETHING

1516
00:54:54,080 --> 00:54:54,960
WRONG WHEN THE TIME IS WRONG.

1517
00:54:54,960 --> 00:54:56,600
WE HAD TO TAKE A STEP BACK AND

1518
00:54:56,600 --> 00:55:01,480
SPEND SOME TIME GENERATING

1519
00:55:01,480 --> 00:55:03,240
EVIDENCE, CURATED EVIDENCE AND

1520
00:55:03,240 --> 00:55:05,640
AVAILED TO RESEARCHERS, POLICY

1521
00:55:05,640 --> 00:55:12,280
MAKERS AND CIVIL SOCIETY

1522
00:55:12,280 --> 00:55:14,680
ORGANIZATIONS

1523
00:55:14,680 --> 00:55:22,600
THE EVIDENCE WE GENERATED, WE

1524
00:55:22,600 --> 00:55:23,880
SUBMITTED WIDELY THE EVIDENCE

1525
00:55:23,880 --> 00:55:25,240
WITHIN GHANA, BUT ALSO

1526
00:55:25,240 --> 00:55:29,640
INTERNATIONALLY AS WELL.

1527
00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:31,680
SOME OF THE IMPORTANT -- THAT

1528
00:55:31,680 --> 00:55:33,880
CAME FROM THIS WAS A SCORECARD

1529
00:55:33,880 --> 00:55:35,640
THAT WE GENERATED.

1530
00:55:35,640 --> 00:55:38,160
AS MOST SCORE CARDS DO, WE USED

1531
00:55:38,160 --> 00:55:40,160
THIS TO NAME AND SHAME, BUT ALSO

1532
00:55:40,160 --> 00:55:43,120
IN THIS CASE, WE USED THIS TO --

1533
00:55:43,120 --> 00:55:44,000
AND PRAISE.

1534
00:55:44,000 --> 00:55:47,720
SO WHERE GHANA WAS DOING WELL,

1535
00:55:47,720 --> 00:55:49,280
WE LET GOVERNMENT AND OTHER --

1536
00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:50,480
KNOW AND WHERE IT WASN'T DOING

1537
00:55:50,480 --> 00:55:52,440
WELL, WE LET THEM KNOW THERE WAS

1538
00:55:52,440 --> 00:55:59,920
A NEED TO INTRODUCE INTERVENTION

1539
00:55:59,920 --> 00:56:02,120
OR SKILL TOWARDS ADDRESSING

1540
00:56:02,120 --> 00:56:09,480
THESE MAJOR PROBLEMS.

1541
00:56:09,480 --> 00:56:12,640
ANOTHER INITIATIVE, WE AIMED TO

1542
00:56:12,640 --> 00:56:18,000
PROVIDE MEASUREMENTS,

1543
00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:19,560
EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND

1544
00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:21,080
LEADERSHIP SUPPORT FOR THOSE IN

1545
00:56:21,080 --> 00:56:26,160
GHANA WHO WERE INTERESTED IN

1546
00:56:26,160 --> 00:56:26,960
ADDRESSING THESE PROBLEMS.

1547
00:56:26,960 --> 00:56:29,520
SO A SECOND OPPORTUNITY WERE

1548
00:56:29,520 --> 00:56:31,360
PROVIDED AS RESOURCES TO

1549
00:56:31,360 --> 00:56:33,080
GENERATE POLICY IMPACTING OR

1550
00:56:33,080 --> 00:56:34,720
POLICY INFLUENCING EVIDENCE.

1551
00:56:34,720 --> 00:56:36,520
EVIDENCE RELATED TO THAT WHICH

1552
00:56:36,520 --> 00:56:38,400
IS BEING ADVERTISED OR MARKETED

1553
00:56:38,400 --> 00:56:43,640
ON GHANAIAN TELEVISION, FOOD

1554
00:56:43,640 --> 00:56:45,080
ADVERTISING IN GHANA, AND THE

1555
00:56:45,080 --> 00:56:46,560
NUTRITION QUALITY OF THOSE

1556
00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:47,600
FOODS.

1557
00:56:47,600 --> 00:56:50,480
WE ALSO ASSESSED -- AND

1558
00:56:50,480 --> 00:56:54,080
THEREFORE CONSUMED IN GHANA AT

1559
00:56:54,080 --> 00:57:00,680
RETAIL OU OUTLEATHELET, POLICIED

1560
00:57:00,680 --> 00:57:07,720
PROGRAMS THAT SEEK TO -- IN

1561
00:57:07,720 --> 00:57:08,320
SCHOOLS.

1562
00:57:08,320 --> 00:57:11,240
WE PRODUCED OR BOUGHT SOME

1563
00:57:11,240 --> 00:57:12,440
TECHNICAL ACADEMIC AND COMPILED

1564
00:57:12,440 --> 00:57:14,360
THEM INTO WHAT YOU SEE HERE.

1565
00:57:14,360 --> 00:57:17,640
INSTEAD OF FOOD ENVIRONMENT IN

1566
00:57:17,640 --> 00:57:23,680
THE GREATER ACCRA REGION OF

1567
00:57:23,680 --> 00:57:24,440
GHANA.

1568
00:57:24,440 --> 00:57:25,160
ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1569
00:57:25,160 --> 00:57:28,080
TO VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS.

1570
00:57:28,080 --> 00:57:31,240
BEYOND PRODUCING TECHNICAL

1571
00:57:31,240 --> 00:57:32,200
REPORT ACADEMIC -- AND

1572
00:57:32,200 --> 00:57:35,560
SUBMITTING THEM, WE ALSO USED

1573
00:57:35,560 --> 00:57:38,200
THOSE EVIDENCE TO ENGAGE

1574
00:57:38,200 --> 00:57:38,960
MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS.

1575
00:57:38,960 --> 00:57:42,520
AS YOU CAN SEE HERE, WE ENGAGE

1576
00:57:42,520 --> 00:57:47,400
DOCUMENT MINISTRIES -- WE ENGAGE

1577
00:57:47,400 --> 00:57:48,880
ACADEMICS FROM WITHIN GHANA,

1578
00:57:48,880 --> 00:57:49,760
AFRICA AND INTERNATIONALLY.

1579
00:57:49,760 --> 00:57:52,720
WE ALSO ENGAGED SOCIETY

1580
00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:54,560
ORGANIZATION AND UN AGENCIES AS

1581
00:57:54,560 --> 00:57:55,320
WELL.

1582
00:57:55,320 --> 00:58:01,240
THROUGH THIS ENGAGEMENT, THE

1583
00:58:01,240 --> 00:58:03,560
ENGAGEMENT FACILITATED COMMUNITY

1584
00:58:03,560 --> 00:58:05,760
UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEED FOR

1585
00:58:05,760 --> 00:58:07,320
POLICIES LIKE WHAT WE'RE TALKING

1586
00:58:07,320 --> 00:58:11,160
ABOUT TO BE IMPLEMENTED.

1587
00:58:11,160 --> 00:58:12,880
INDEED IT FACILITATES THAT WE

1588
00:58:12,880 --> 00:58:14,920
DEVELOP A SERIES OF POLICY

1589
00:58:14,920 --> 00:58:17,200
BRIEFS, AND THESE POLICY BRIEFS

1590
00:58:17,200 --> 00:58:19,080
ARE COMMUNICATED TO THE MINISTRY

1591
00:58:19,080 --> 00:58:22,680
OF HEALTH, AND WHERE I'M HAPPY

1592
00:58:22,680 --> 00:58:24,120
TO HAVE A VERY POSITIVE RESPONSE

1593
00:58:24,120 --> 00:58:26,120
FROM THE MINISTRY.

1594
00:58:26,120 --> 00:58:28,320
SO SOMETIME IN SEPTEMBER 2021,

1595
00:58:28,320 --> 00:58:31,840
THE MINISTRY CONVENED A

1596
00:58:31,840 --> 00:58:33,320
CONSULTIVE MEETING WITH KEY

1597
00:58:33,320 --> 00:58:36,840
STAKEHOLDERS IN GHANA TO AGREE

1598
00:58:36,840 --> 00:58:41,440
ON THE MODALITIES TO --

1599
00:58:41,440 --> 00:58:43,680
IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT CAN

1600
00:58:43,680 --> 00:58:44,920
CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVE THE

1601
00:58:44,920 --> 00:58:46,880
GHANAIAN FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

1602
00:58:46,880 --> 00:58:53,600
AND SO IN MARCH 2022, WITH

1603
00:58:53,600 --> 00:58:58,840
FUNDING FROM THE FOUNDATION, WE

1604
00:58:58,840 --> 00:59:02,920
GOT THE HD4HL PROJECT LAUNCHED

1605
00:59:02,920 --> 00:59:04,160
WHICH AIMS TO ENSURE THAT

1606
00:59:04,160 --> 00:59:06,000
GHANAIANS HAVE A HEALTHIER DIET.

1607
00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:08,160
AS WE KNOW, HAVING A HEALTHY

1608
00:59:08,160 --> 00:59:09,280
DIET WOULD LEAD TO HEALTHIER

1609
00:59:09,280 --> 00:59:13,280
LIVES.

1610
00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:20,280
THE HD4HL PROJECT TO DEVELOP A

1611
00:59:20,280 --> 00:59:23,720
FIT FOR -- SYSTEM AND THEN USE

1612
00:59:23,720 --> 00:59:26,000
THIS SYSTEM TO APPLY IN A NUMBER

1613
00:59:26,000 --> 00:59:27,760
OF FOOD BASED POLICYS THAT WE

1614
00:59:27,760 --> 00:59:33,600
HAVE REFERRED TO AS DOUBLE DD IN

1615
00:59:33,600 --> 00:59:34,920
THAT THOSE POLICIES HAVE THE

1616
00:59:34,920 --> 00:59:39,600
POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS -- FOR

1617
00:59:39,600 --> 00:59:42,080
YEARS BUT ALSO THE CURRENT RISE

1618
00:59:42,080 --> 00:59:50,080
IN OBESITY AND DISEASE.

1619
00:59:50,080 --> 00:59:53,320
SO BOTH -- AGAINST A POLICY

1620
00:59:53,320 --> 00:59:59,480
MESSAGE IN THE PACKAGE.

1621
00:59:59,480 --> 01:00:00,840
PUBLIC FOOD PROW KEURMT POLICIES

1622
01:00:00,840 --> 01:00:02,680
IS BEING CONSIDERED, FISCAL

1623
01:00:02,680 --> 01:00:10,080
POLICIES ARE INCLUDED, BUT ALSO

1624
01:00:10,080 --> 01:00:10,600
RESTRICTIONS.

1625
01:00:10,600 --> 01:00:12,440
IF THESE POLICIES -- THEY WOULD

1626
01:00:12,440 --> 01:00:16,200
CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVING GHANAIAN

1627
01:00:16,200 --> 01:00:21,240
FOOD ENVIRONMENT, AND THUS HOW

1628
01:00:21,240 --> 01:00:22,480
FOOD -- INCREASED CONSUMPTION

1629
01:00:22,480 --> 01:00:24,080
WHICH DO HAVE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT

1630
01:00:24,080 --> 01:00:26,640
ON HEALTH AND NUTRITION

1631
01:00:26,640 --> 01:00:29,840
OUTCOMES.

1632
01:00:29,840 --> 01:00:31,280
BEYOND JUST TRANSLATING THE

1633
01:00:31,280 --> 01:00:34,680
RESEARCH THAT WE HAVE DONE AND

1634
01:00:34,680 --> 01:00:39,480
THEN HAVING THEM IMPLEMENTED

1635
01:00:39,480 --> 01:00:40,960
POLICIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED, WE

1636
01:00:40,960 --> 01:00:45,000
ARE INTERESTED IN SCALING AND

1637
01:00:45,000 --> 01:00:47,000
UNSCALING -- SO TO DO THESE, WE

1638
01:00:47,000 --> 01:00:50,800
CREATED A PLATFORM REFERRED TO

1639
01:00:50,800 --> 01:00:52,600
AS THE AFRICA FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1640
01:00:52,600 --> 01:00:53,240
RESEARCH NETWORK.

1641
01:00:53,240 --> 01:00:55,880
THE PLATFORM PROVIDES

1642
01:00:55,880 --> 01:01:00,280
OPPORTUNITY FOR FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1643
01:01:00,280 --> 01:01:03,680
PRACTITIONERS FROM WITHIN THE

1644
01:01:03,680 --> 01:01:05,640
REGION, AFRICAN REGION BUT ALSO

1645
01:01:05,640 --> 01:01:10,520
FROM WITHIN GLOBAL --

1646
01:01:10,520 --> 01:01:11,720
RESEARCH -- RELATED DIRECTLY OR

1647
01:01:11,720 --> 01:01:19,000
INDIRECTLY TO AFRICA KRNTING TOA

1648
01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:20,920
CONTRIBUTING TO THIS ENGAGEMENT.

1649
01:01:20,920 --> 01:01:22,880
CONVENED THE FIRST FOOD

1650
01:01:22,880 --> 01:01:24,280
ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH NETWORK

1651
01:01:24,280 --> 01:01:25,240
MEETING IN 2020.

1652
01:01:25,240 --> 01:01:28,280
THAT MEETING DELIBERATIONS LED

1653
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:30,840
TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF

1654
01:01:30,840 --> 01:01:34,320
RESEARCH PRIORITIES THAT AFRICA

1655
01:01:34,320 --> 01:01:36,320
HAS COULD IMPLEMENT, AND ONCE

1656
01:01:36,320 --> 01:01:37,640
IMPLEMENTED, COULD CONTRIBUTE TO

1657
01:01:37,640 --> 01:01:39,120
IMPROVING FOOD ENVIRONMENT IN

1658
01:01:39,120 --> 01:01:41,560
THE REGION.

1659
01:01:41,560 --> 01:01:43,920
WE HAVE THE SECOND AFRICA FOOD

1660
01:01:43,920 --> 01:01:45,760
ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH MEETING IN

1661
01:01:45,760 --> 01:01:47,640
2021, AND SOMETIME IN 2023, WE

1662
01:01:47,640 --> 01:01:49,400
ARE PLANNING TO HAVE THE THIRD

1663
01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:57,200
MEETING.

1664
01:01:57,200 --> 01:01:58,440
SO THESE ARE SOME OF THE

1665
01:01:58,440 --> 01:01:59,200
APPROACHES AND INTERVENTIONS

1666
01:01:59,200 --> 01:02:02,840
THAT WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO APPLY,

1667
01:02:02,840 --> 01:02:04,280
FOOD ENVIRONMENT RELATED

1668
01:02:04,280 --> 01:02:06,960
RESEARCH IN THEM.

1669
01:02:06,960 --> 01:02:10,520
THOSE WHO HAVE SUPPORTED THIS

1670
01:02:10,520 --> 01:02:13,280
FINANCIALLY TOWARD US

1671
01:02:13,280 --> 01:02:16,680
IMPLEMENTING THESE -- POLICY,

1672
01:02:16,680 --> 01:02:17,560
THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION AS I

1673
01:02:17,560 --> 01:02:20,560
NOTED EARLIER, IDRC CANADA, THE

1674
01:02:20,560 --> 01:02:22,720
BILL AND MELINDA GATES ARE

1675
01:02:22,720 --> 01:02:24,360
PROVIDING INITIAL FUNDING FOR

1676
01:02:24,360 --> 01:02:25,560
STUDIES THAT HAVE BEEN PRESENTED

1677
01:02:25,560 --> 01:02:28,080
TODAY BUT ALSO IMPACTED THAT

1678
01:02:28,080 --> 01:02:29,560
WHICH WE ARE DOING TODAY.

1679
01:02:29,560 --> 01:02:31,840
AND CURRENTLY WE HAVE MINISTER

1680
01:02:31,840 --> 01:02:36,720
OF HEALTH MEETING THE --

1681
01:02:36,720 --> 01:02:38,920
PROJECT, GHANA IS KRBTDING TO

1682
01:02:38,920 --> 01:02:41,040
THIS, AND OTHER GOVERNMENTS AS

1683
01:02:41,040 --> 01:02:42,880
WELL AS CIVIL SOCIETY COALITION.

1684
01:02:42,880 --> 01:02:46,960
SO I WILL END HERE, AND HAND THE

1685
01:02:46,960 --> 01:02:49,960
FLOOR TO PROCEED.

1686
01:02:49,960 --> 01:02:53,400
THANK YOU.

1687
01:02:53,400 --> 01:02:56,760
>>WOW, THANK YOU SO VERY
MUCH,

1688
01:02:56,760 --> 01:03:00,680
AMOS, SEFA, URI AND CHARLOTTE

1689
01:03:00,680 --> 01:03:06,760
FOR AN INCREDIBLY IMPACTFUL AND

1690
01:03:06,760 --> 01:03:08,200
COMPLEMENTARY SET OF SESSIONS

1691
01:03:08,200 --> 01:03:09,280
ILLUSTRATING CASE STUDIES FROM

1692
01:03:09,280 --> 01:03:12,040
DIFFERENT PART OF THE WORLD,

1693
01:03:12,040 --> 01:03:14,800
INCLUDING SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA,

1694
01:03:14,800 --> 01:03:16,120
LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN

1695
01:03:16,120 --> 01:03:19,920
REGION AS WELL AS IN EUROPE

1696
01:03:19,920 --> 01:03:23,480
REPRESENTED BY THE U.K. IN THIS

1697
01:03:23,480 --> 01:03:24,240
INSTANCE.

1698
01:03:24,240 --> 01:03:26,120
I WANT TO THANK EACH AND ALL OF

1699
01:03:26,120 --> 01:03:27,840
YOU FOR STAYING ON TIME SO THAT

1700
01:03:27,840 --> 01:03:30,760
WE CAN NOW GET GOING WITH WHAT I

1701
01:03:30,760 --> 01:03:34,600
HOPE WILL BE A VERY EXCITING

1702
01:03:34,600 --> 01:03:36,760
PANEL DISCUSSION OR INTERACTION.

1703
01:03:36,760 --> 01:03:39,640
AND BEFORE I DO THAT, I WOULD

1704
01:03:39,640 --> 01:03:46,120
LIKE TO INTRODUCE TO

1705
01:03:46,120 --> 01:03:46,720
DISTINGUISHED PANELISTS THAT

1706
01:03:46,720 --> 01:03:49,360
WILL ALSO BE ASKED TO RESPOND TO

1707
01:03:49,360 --> 01:03:51,120
THESE PRESENTATIONS FROM THE

1708
01:03:51,120 --> 01:03:55,720
U.S. PERSPECTIVE, AND THESE ARE

1709
01:03:55,720 --> 01:03:57,160
DIANE HARRIS WHO IS A SENIOR

1710
01:03:57,160 --> 01:03:58,720
HEALTH SCIENTIST AND TEAM LEAD

1711
01:03:58,720 --> 01:04:00,880
WITH HEALTHY FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1712
01:04:00,880 --> 01:04:06,160
INITIATIVE AT THE CDC, AND ALSO

1713
01:04:06,160 --> 01:04:08,640
TANYA, PROGRAM DIRECTOR FROM THE

1714
01:04:08,640 --> 01:04:10,240
HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH BRANCH

1715
01:04:10,240 --> 01:04:11,440
AT THE NATIONAL CANCER

1716
01:04:11,440 --> 01:04:13,520
INSTITUTE.

1717
01:04:13,520 --> 01:04:16,080
AND WITHOUT ANY FURTHER ADO, YOU

1718
01:04:16,080 --> 01:04:17,040
ARE NOT GOING TO BE SURPRISED

1719
01:04:17,040 --> 01:04:19,080
THAT THE FIRST QUESTION IS IF

1720
01:04:19,080 --> 01:04:22,560
YOU CAN SHARE WITH THE AUDIENCE

1721
01:04:22,560 --> 01:04:26,120
BASED ON YOUR OWN PRESENTATIONS,

1722
01:04:26,120 --> 01:04:27,160
YOUR OWN EXPERIENCES, WHAT HAVE

1723
01:04:27,160 --> 01:04:29,320
YOU LEARNED FROM TODAY'S WEBINAR

1724
01:04:29,320 --> 01:04:33,400
IN TERMS OF LESSONS THAT CAN BE

1725
01:04:33,400 --> 01:04:35,920
SHARED ACROSS COUNTRIES, ACROSS

1726
01:04:35,920 --> 01:04:37,680
BORDERS, ACROSS WORLD REGIONS

1727
01:04:37,680 --> 01:04:40,000
WITH REGARDS TO WAYS TO IMPROVE

1728
01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:44,640
FOOD SYSTEMS IN -- ACROSS THE

1729
01:04:44,640 --> 01:04:47,040
DIFFERENT SETTINGS THAT YOU HAVE

1730
01:04:47,040 --> 01:04:51,480
ALL VERY NICELY ADDRESSED?

1731
01:04:51,480 --> 01:04:54,880
SO WHO WANTS TO GO FIRST?

1732
01:04:54,880 --> 01:04:59,560
>>I AM HAPPY TO START US
OFF.

1733
01:04:59,560 --> 01:05:02,040
I THINK ONE COMMON THEME THAT WE

1734
01:05:02,040 --> 01:05:06,160
SEE ACROSS IS THIS QUALITATIVE

1735
01:05:06,160 --> 01:05:08,920
FORMATIVE ASPECT, AND THAT IS

1736
01:05:08,920 --> 01:05:10,080
GIVING THE VOICES TO THE

1737
01:05:10,080 --> 01:05:11,600
PARTICIPANTS THEMSELVES ABOUT

1738
01:05:11,600 --> 01:05:15,800
THEIR LIVED EXPERIENCES IN ORDER

1739
01:05:15,800 --> 01:05:19,160
TO IDENTIFY WHAT COULD BE LEVERS

1740
01:05:19,160 --> 01:05:20,840
OR INTERVENTIONS OR POLICIES AT

1741
01:05:20,840 --> 01:05:23,600
THE SYSTEMS LEVEL.

1742
01:05:23,600 --> 01:05:25,360
AND THE OTHER COMMON THEME THAT

1743
01:05:25,360 --> 01:05:30,520
I SEE IS ALMOST LIKE A PARADIGM

1744
01:05:30,520 --> 01:05:31,720
SHIFT ABOUT TAKING NUTRITION

1745
01:05:31,720 --> 01:05:33,080
OUTSIDE OF THE WORLD OF

1746
01:05:33,080 --> 01:05:34,480
NUTRITION AND RELATING TO WHAT

1747
01:05:34,480 --> 01:05:37,600
IS HAPPENING ELSEWHERE BEYOND

1748
01:05:37,600 --> 01:05:39,920
US, AND IT'S GOING TO TAKE THE

1749
01:05:39,920 --> 01:05:42,640
WORLD OF NUTRITIONISTS AND

1750
01:05:42,640 --> 01:05:45,160
PEOPLE WORKING WITH FOOD TO BE

1751
01:05:45,160 --> 01:05:47,200
ABLE TO CREATE THOSE BRIDGES AND

1752
01:05:47,200 --> 01:05:49,040
RELATE THEIR WORK TO OTHERS THAT

1753
01:05:49,040 --> 01:05:50,920
MAY NOT SEE THE LINKS SO

1754
01:05:50,920 --> 01:05:54,240
CLEARLY.

1755
01:05:54,240 --> 01:05:55,480
>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
A

1756
01:05:55,480 --> 01:05:58,440
VERY THOUGHTFUL RESPONSE, URI.

1757
01:05:58,440 --> 01:06:01,400
AND IN THIS CONTEXT, I ANY TIME

1758
01:06:01,400 --> 01:06:03,320
WAKED TO ASK YOU, TANYA, IN

1759
01:06:03,320 --> 01:06:04,800
TERMS OF YOUR INSTITUTE IN THE

1760
01:06:04,800 --> 01:06:06,480
U.S., WHAT STRATEGIES ARE YOU

1761
01:06:06,480 --> 01:06:09,680
USING EVEN THAT YOU GIVE GRANTS,

1762
01:06:09,680 --> 01:06:12,560
YOU AWARD GRANTS TO COMMUNITY

1763
01:06:12,560 --> 01:06:16,760
BAITCOMMUNITY-BASED APPROACHES R

1764
01:06:16,760 --> 01:06:18,080
FOOD SECURITY AND SYSTEMS, WHAT

1765
01:06:18,080 --> 01:06:19,800
YOU HEAR TODAY RESONATES WITH

1766
01:06:19,800 --> 01:06:24,280
WHAT YOU WOULD CONSIDER

1767
01:06:24,280 --> 01:06:25,880
INNOVATIVE USEFUL APPROACHES FOR

1768
01:06:25,880 --> 01:06:29,920
THE U.S. TO ENHANCE THE FOOD

1769
01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:30,160
SYSTEMS?

1770
01:06:30,160 --> 01:06:33,320
>>SO THANKS SO MUCH TO
SUSAN

1771
01:06:33,320 --> 01:06:34,360
FOR INVITING ME TO PARTICIPATE

1772
01:06:34,360 --> 01:06:35,920
IN THIS WEBINAR, AND I JUST WANT

1773
01:06:35,920 --> 01:06:36,920
TO SAY THAT ALL OF THE

1774
01:06:36,920 --> 01:06:39,160
PRESENTATIONS WERE OUTSTANDING.

1775
01:06:39,160 --> 01:06:41,480
SO I'D LIKE TO JUST GIVE A

1776
01:06:41,480 --> 01:06:44,640
PERSPECTIVE FROM NIH, SO JUST TO

1777
01:06:44,640 --> 01:06:47,440
MENTION THAT NIH IS VERY MUCH

1778
01:06:47,440 --> 01:06:49,960
INTERESTED AND THIS AREA OF

1779
01:06:49,960 --> 01:06:53,680
RESEARCH AND 2021, WE HELD A

1780
01:06:53,680 --> 01:06:57,360
WORKSHOP TITLED FOOD INSECURITY,

1781
01:06:57,360 --> 01:06:58,560
NEIGHBORHOOD FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1782
01:06:58,560 --> 01:06:59,560
AND NUTRITION HEALTH

1783
01:06:59,560 --> 01:07:00,640
DISPARITIES, THE STATE OF THE

1784
01:07:00,640 --> 01:07:02,480
SCIENCE, AND IT BROUGHT TOGETHER

1785
01:07:02,480 --> 01:07:04,960
A DIVERSE GROUP OF RESEARCHERS,

1786
01:07:04,960 --> 01:07:06,800
PRACTITIONERS AND POLICY MAKERS,

1787
01:07:06,800 --> 01:07:07,960
PEOPLE WHO HAVE EXPERTISE IN THE

1788
01:07:07,960 --> 01:07:12,560
SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

1789
01:07:12,560 --> 01:07:14,120
AND WE ALSO HAVE FEDERAL

1790
01:07:14,120 --> 01:07:15,920
PARTNERS SUCH AS USDA AND CDC

1791
01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:18,320
THAT WERE INVOLVED IN THIS

1792
01:07:18,320 --> 01:07:18,800
WORKSHOP.

1793
01:07:18,800 --> 01:07:20,520
THE PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP WAS

1794
01:07:20,520 --> 01:07:22,240
TO EXAMINE THE STATE OF THE

1795
01:07:22,240 --> 01:07:23,560
SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS AS

1796
01:07:23,560 --> 01:07:28,320
RELATES TO THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1797
01:07:28,320 --> 01:07:29,680
>>Dr. Anderson: FOOD

1798
01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:36,120
INTO ADDRESS THE GAPS THAT ARE N

1799
01:07:36,120 --> 01:07:38,600
THE FIELD, AS WELL AS TO PROVIDE

1800
01:07:38,600 --> 01:07:40,080
EVIDENCE-BASED OR TO REVIEW

1801
01:07:40,080 --> 01:07:43,440
EVIDENCE-BASED LINKS AS IT

1802
01:07:43,440 --> 01:07:46,800
RELATES TO INTERVENTION AND

1803
01:07:46,800 --> 01:07:48,320
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES.

1804
01:07:48,320 --> 01:07:49,360
TO IMPROVE THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT

1805
01:07:49,360 --> 01:07:50,680
AND TO UNDERSTAND AND ADDRESS

1806
01:07:50,680 --> 01:07:54,040
FOOD INSECURITY.

1807
01:07:54,040 --> 01:07:55,120
SO AS A RESULT OF THAT, THE

1808
01:07:55,120 --> 01:07:56,760
WORKSHOP AND THE RESEARCH GAPS

1809
01:07:56,760 --> 01:07:59,480
THAT WERE IDENTIFIED, WE AT NIH

1810
01:07:59,480 --> 01:08:02,440
DEVELOP A NOSI, A NOTICE OF

1811
01:08:02,440 --> 01:08:05,000
SPECIAL INTEREST, AND IT'S

1812
01:08:05,000 --> 01:08:07,080
TITLED STIMULATING RESEARCH TO

1813
01:08:07,080 --> 01:08:09,000
UNDERSTAND AND ADDRESS HUNGER,

1814
01:08:09,000 --> 01:08:13,880
FOOD AND NUTRITION INSECURITY SO

1815
01:08:13,880 --> 01:08:17,000
WE ARE ENCOURAGING RESEARCHERS

1816
01:08:17,000 --> 01:08:18,200
TO SUBMIT THEIR RESEARCH IF

1817
01:08:18,200 --> 01:08:20,240
THEY'RE INTERESTED IN FUNDING,

1818
01:08:20,240 --> 01:08:21,720
IF THEY FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENT AND

1819
01:08:21,720 --> 01:08:24,560
TESTING OF INNOVATIVE

1820
01:08:24,560 --> 01:08:25,000
INTERVENTIONS, NATURAL

1821
01:08:25,000 --> 01:08:27,600
EXPERIMENTS TO ADDRESS FOOD

1822
01:08:27,600 --> 01:08:28,520
INSECURITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD

1823
01:08:28,520 --> 01:08:29,720
LEVEL ACCESS AND AFFORDABILITY

1824
01:08:29,720 --> 01:08:34,480
OF HEALTHY FOODS TO UNDERSTAND

1825
01:08:34,480 --> 01:08:37,080
MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS TWOOD

1826
01:08:37,080 --> 01:08:40,160
FOOD INSECURITIES AND

1827
01:08:40,160 --> 01:08:42,680
NEIGHBORHOOD FOOD ENVIRONMENTS,

1828
01:08:42,680 --> 01:08:43,640
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES

1829
01:08:43,640 --> 01:08:45,080
AND SOME TYPE OF CANCERS, AND TO

1830
01:08:45,080 --> 01:08:48,960
DEVELOP AND VALIDATE TOOLS TO

1831
01:08:48,960 --> 01:08:49,720
MEASURE NUTRITION AND FOOD

1832
01:08:49,720 --> 01:08:50,320
INSECURITY.

1833
01:08:50,320 --> 01:08:52,040
SO IF YOU'RE INTERESTED, I'M

1834
01:08:52,040 --> 01:08:53,240
SURE SUSAN CAN GET THAT

1835
01:08:53,240 --> 01:08:55,800
INFORMATION OUT TO EVERYONE, BUT

1836
01:08:55,800 --> 01:08:59,560
I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THIS

1837
01:08:59,560 --> 01:09:05,600
NOSI IS NOT-OD-22-135.

1838
01:09:05,600 --> 01:09:07,800
SO NIH IS VERY MUCH INTERESTED

1839
01:09:07,800 --> 01:09:11,440
IN THIS AREA OF RESEARCH AND WE

1840
01:09:11,440 --> 01:09:12,400
ENCOURAGE THOSE WHO ARE WORKING

1841
01:09:12,400 --> 01:09:15,800
IN THIS AREA TO APPLY FOR

1842
01:09:15,800 --> 01:09:16,760
FUNDING AND YOU WOULD SEE WHEN

1843
01:09:16,760 --> 01:09:22,320
YOU LOOK AT THIS NOSI THAT THERE

1844
01:09:22,320 --> 01:09:26,040
ARE MANY INSTITUTES AND ICs

1845
01:09:26,040 --> 01:09:27,120
AND OFFICES THAT ARE

1846
01:09:27,120 --> 01:09:28,360
PARTICIPATING, AND YOU CAN CALL

1847
01:09:28,360 --> 01:09:29,720
AND CONTACT THEM TO DISCUSS WITH

1848
01:09:29,720 --> 01:09:34,600
THEM YOUR RESEARCH AREAS.

1849
01:09:34,600 --> 01:09:35,800
AND WHAT YOU'RE INTERESTED IN

1850
01:09:35,800 --> 01:09:36,800
STUDYING.

1851
01:09:36,800 --> 01:09:38,320
>>THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH,

1852
01:09:38,320 --> 01:09:38,960
TANYA.

1853
01:09:38,960 --> 01:09:40,600
THIS IS A GREAT ANNOUNCEMENT,

1854
01:09:40,600 --> 01:09:41,640
THE ONE THAT WAS JUST MADE.

1855
01:09:41,640 --> 01:09:43,040
SO ONE FOLLOW-UP QUESTION, IS

1856
01:09:43,040 --> 01:09:49,080
THIS OPEN FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES

1857
01:09:49,080 --> 01:09:50,720
AS WELL OR ONLY U.S. BASED?

1858
01:09:50,720 --> 01:09:53,080
>>IT OPEN TO FOREIGN
COUNTRIES,

1859
01:09:53,080 --> 01:09:55,400
AND SUSAN'S OFFICE, FOGARTY, IS

1860
01:09:55,400 --> 01:09:56,360
ALSO A SPONSOR.

1861
01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:57,520
>>GREAT.

1862
01:09:57,520 --> 01:09:59,160
SO WHAT WOULD YOU APPLY FOR,

1863
01:09:59,160 --> 01:10:00,600
WHAT WOULD YOU PROPOSE BASED ON

1864
01:10:00,600 --> 01:10:02,760
THAT WONDERFUL RESEARCH THAT YOU

1865
01:10:02,760 --> 01:10:06,240
HAVE DONE TO FIGURE OUT

1866
01:10:06,240 --> 01:10:09,200
STRUCTURAL BARRIERS FACILITATORS

1867
01:10:09,200 --> 01:10:15,720
TO IMPROVE OR REALLY ALLOW FOR

1868
01:10:15,720 --> 01:10:18,360
PEOPLE TO ENJOY A HEALTHIER AND

1869
01:10:18,360 --> 01:10:26,120
EASIER TO ACCESS FOOD

1870
01:10:26,120 --> 01:10:26,720
ENVIRONMENTS?

1871
01:10:26,720 --> 01:10:28,240
WHAT WOULD YOU THINK CHARLOTTE

1872
01:10:28,240 --> 01:10:30,240
THAT WOULD ALLOY FOR AN

1873
01:10:30,240 --> 01:10:31,760
ATTRACTIVE SUBMISSION, WHAT TYPE

1874
01:10:31,760 --> 01:10:32,880
OF INTERVENTIONS WOULD YOU LIKE

1875
01:10:32,880 --> 01:10:38,000
TO PROPOSE OR SHARE WITH US?

1876
01:10:38,000 --> 01:10:39,600
>>WELL THE RESEARCH WE'RE

1877
01:10:39,600 --> 01:10:40,560
ACTUALLY PLANNING ON DOING NEXT

1878
01:10:40,560 --> 01:10:43,160
IS USING CO-CREATE METHODS, SO

1879
01:10:43,160 --> 01:10:45,800
THIS IS KIND OF AN ELEMENT OF

1880
01:10:45,800 --> 01:10:46,880
LIVED EXPERIENCE RESEARCH.

1881
01:10:46,880 --> 01:10:49,040
IT KIND OF WHAT YOU ALREADY

1882
01:10:49,040 --> 01:10:50,240
SPOKE ABOUT, WORKING WITH

1883
01:10:50,240 --> 01:10:53,040
COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES IN THE

1884
01:10:53,040 --> 01:10:54,160
DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH AND ALSO

1885
01:10:54,160 --> 01:10:58,200
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF

1886
01:10:58,200 --> 01:11:02,200
INTERVENTIONS, AND YEAH, SO

1887
01:11:02,200 --> 01:11:02,920
THERE'S ONE LOCAL AREA YOU'RE

1888
01:11:02,920 --> 01:11:05,160
GOING TO BE FOCUSING ON IN

1889
01:11:05,160 --> 01:11:06,640
LONDON, AND THEY'RE ENGAGING

1890
01:11:06,640 --> 01:11:08,320
COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN A SERIES OF

1891
01:11:08,320 --> 01:11:09,920
CO-CREATE WORKSHOPS, LOOKING AT

1892
01:11:09,920 --> 01:11:14,200
THE ASSETS THAT LOCAL COMMUNITY

1893
01:11:14,200 --> 01:11:17,600
HAS AND HEALTHY EATING AND

1894
01:11:17,600 --> 01:11:19,760
HEALTH ASSET, AND LOCAL COUNCIL

1895
01:11:19,760 --> 01:11:20,640
WORKING WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS

1896
01:11:20,640 --> 01:11:23,560
TO BUILD ON THESE ASSETS.

1897
01:11:23,560 --> 01:11:26,280
IN A VERY PARTICIPATORY

1898
01:11:26,280 --> 01:11:27,280
COLLABORATIVE WAY.

1899
01:11:27,280 --> 01:11:28,440
SO I'M REALLY INTERESTED IN

1900
01:11:28,440 --> 01:11:30,080
THOSE METHODS MOVING FORWARD.

1901
01:11:30,080 --> 01:11:31,640
AND THEN THE FOCUS OF THE

1902
01:11:31,640 --> 01:11:33,800
RESEARCH REALLY COMES FROM THE

1903
01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:35,080
COMMUNITIES THEMSELF, WHAT

1904
01:11:35,080 --> 01:11:37,360
INTERVENTIONS THEY SEE AS

1905
01:11:37,360 --> 01:11:39,800
IMPORTANT AND RELEVANT TO THEIR

1906
01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:40,920
EXPERIENCES.

1907
01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:43,160
>>WHICH REMINDS ME OF THE

1908
01:11:43,160 --> 01:11:46,960
WONDERFUL METHODOLOGY THAT URI

1909
01:11:46,960 --> 01:11:48,960
APPLIED IN WASHINGTON, D.C. TO

1910
01:11:48,960 --> 01:11:51,440
CO-CREATE THE WATER FILTER

1911
01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:52,440
INTERVENTION, WHICH I THINK IS

1912
01:11:52,440 --> 01:11:52,960
BRILLIANT.

1913
01:11:52,960 --> 01:11:54,800
SO CAN YOU TELL US A LITTLE BIT

1914
01:11:54,800 --> 01:11:57,320
MORE ABOUT THAT METHODOLOGY,

1915
01:11:57,320 --> 01:11:58,440
URI, HOW DOES IT WORK?

1916
01:11:58,440 --> 01:12:01,040
SEEMS LIKE A COMPLEX OF --

1917
01:12:01,040 --> 01:12:01,800
SYSTEMS KIND OF THINKING.

1918
01:12:01,800 --> 01:12:04,640
>>YES, THE LAST PAPER --
SORRY,

1919
01:12:04,640 --> 01:12:07,440
THE LAST STUDY IS USING

1920
01:12:07,440 --> 01:12:09,600
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY SYSTEMS

1921
01:12:09,600 --> 01:12:10,720
DYNAMIC MODELING BUT IT VERY --

1922
01:12:10,720 --> 01:12:12,960
IF YOU'RE FAMILIARIZED WITH

1923
01:12:12,960 --> 01:12:14,600
ALMOST FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS,

1924
01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:17,920
IN DEPTH INTERVIEWS, IT WILL

1925
01:12:17,920 --> 01:12:22,280
SEEM VERY INTUITIVE TO YOU

1926
01:12:22,280 --> 01:12:23,800
BECAUSE IT IS BASICALLY

1927
01:12:23,800 --> 01:12:27,800
IDENTIFYING FROM DIFFERENT

1928
01:12:27,800 --> 01:12:29,120
SECTORS, IN OUR CASE WE WANTED

1929
01:12:29,120 --> 01:12:30,200
TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO BETTER

1930
01:12:30,200 --> 01:12:31,400
SUPPORT THE HOMES IN MAKING

1931
01:12:31,400 --> 01:12:34,600
EASIER DECISIONS.

1932
01:12:34,600 --> 01:12:35,760
KNOWING THAT POTENTIALLY TAP

1933
01:12:35,760 --> 01:12:37,920
WATER AND MISTRUST IN TAP WATER

1934
01:12:37,920 --> 01:12:40,000
WHICH GOES BEYOND THIS COMMUNITY

1935
01:12:40,000 --> 01:12:43,720
COULD HAVE BEEN A PROBLEM, HOW

1936
01:12:43,720 --> 01:12:47,720
DO WE BETTER ENTICE THEM OR

1937
01:12:47,720 --> 01:12:49,760
MOTIVATE THEM SINCE EVERYBODY

1938
01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:51,000
SEEMS TO HAVE THE EDUCATION

1939
01:12:51,000 --> 01:12:52,400
ASPECT OF UNDERSTANDING, EXCEPT

1940
01:12:52,400 --> 01:12:55,800
FOR THE JUICES, 100% JUICE WAS

1941
01:12:55,800 --> 01:12:57,200
CONFUSING WITH FRUIT FLAVORED

1942
01:12:57,200 --> 01:12:58,000
JUICE, ET CETERA.

1943
01:12:58,000 --> 01:13:01,160
BUT THAT'S ANOTHER TOPIC.

1944
01:13:01,160 --> 01:13:04,320
SO HERE WE USE THE FOCUS GROUP

1945
01:13:04,320 --> 01:13:05,120
DISCUSSIONS TO IDENTIFY WHAT

1946
01:13:05,120 --> 01:13:09,320
WERE THE SECTORS THAT THESE

1947
01:13:09,320 --> 01:13:12,120
FAMILIES TOUCH ON,

1948
01:13:12,120 --> 01:13:12,800
TRANSPORTATION, MUNICIPAL WATER

1949
01:13:12,800 --> 01:13:14,000
THAT THEY TALK ABOUT AND THAT

1950
01:13:14,000 --> 01:13:15,960
THEY INTERACT WITH.

1951
01:13:15,960 --> 01:13:20,520
AND THAT SUPPORT THESE HOMES IN

1952
01:13:20,520 --> 01:13:23,600
THESE COMMUNITIES WA AND WE INVD

1953
01:13:23,600 --> 01:13:26,440
FIVE DIFFERENT SECTORS INTO

1954
01:13:26,440 --> 01:13:28,040
THESE WORKSHOPS CALLED GROUP

1955
01:13:28,040 --> 01:13:30,800
MODEL BUILDING.

1956
01:13:30,800 --> 01:13:34,200
WE HAD TWO DIFFERENT WORKSHOPS,

1957
01:13:34,200 --> 01:13:35,680
SORRY, TWO-DAY WORKSHOP, RATHER.

1958
01:13:35,680 --> 01:13:40,280
IT A SERIES OF FACILITATED AND

1959
01:13:40,280 --> 01:13:41,840
GUIDED DISCUSSIONS WHERE

1960
01:13:41,840 --> 01:13:44,960
BASICALLY IT GIVES THE EXCUSE

1961
01:13:44,960 --> 01:13:46,600
FOR SECTORS TO BE ABLE TO SPEAK

1962
01:13:46,600 --> 01:13:47,880
TO EACH OTHER WHEN THEY

1963
01:13:47,880 --> 01:13:48,960
OTHERWISE MAYBE WOULD NOT HAVE

1964
01:13:48,960 --> 01:13:51,920
HAD THE EXCUSE TO COLLABORATE IN

1965
01:13:51,920 --> 01:13:55,400
THIS WAY FOR ACTIVE PROBLEM

1966
01:13:55,400 --> 01:13:56,840
SOLVING, ESPECIALLY IN THINKING

1967
01:13:56,840 --> 01:13:58,560
ABOUT NUTRITION OR SUGARY DRINK

1968
01:13:58,560 --> 01:13:59,760
INTAKE IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE,

1969
01:13:59,760 --> 01:14:01,160
AND SO YOU CAN IMAGINE WE HAD A

1970
01:14:01,160 --> 01:14:05,760
BIT OF RESISTANCE FROM SOME

1971
01:14:05,760 --> 01:14:06,840
INVITEES SAYING I DON'T WORK

1972
01:14:06,840 --> 01:14:08,600
WITH SUGARY DRINKS, I DON'T KNOW

1973
01:14:08,600 --> 01:14:11,200
WHY I'M BEING INVITED.

1974
01:14:11,200 --> 01:14:12,480
OR PEOPLE SAYING I DON'T WORK

1975
01:14:12,480 --> 01:14:14,240
WITH WA TE I DON'T KNOW WHY I'M

1976
01:14:14,240 --> 01:14:15,000
BEING INVITED.

1977
01:14:15,000 --> 01:14:16,400
SO THAT CONVERGENCE OF SECTORS

1978
01:14:16,400 --> 01:14:20,000
IS REALLY WHAT GROUP MODEL

1979
01:14:20,000 --> 01:14:21,400
BUILDING -- WHY IT'S SO RICH AND

1980
01:14:21,400 --> 01:14:24,320
WHY WE'RE ABLE TO COMBINE THEY

1981
01:14:24,320 --> 01:14:25,240
THEMSELVES WORK IN SMALL GROUPS

1982
01:14:25,240 --> 01:14:26,960
TO COME UP WITH THESE MODELS

1983
01:14:26,960 --> 01:14:29,120
THAT IDENTIFY FACTORS, THERE'S A

1984
01:14:29,120 --> 01:14:30,120
REFERENCE PROBLEM AND THEN THEY

1985
01:14:30,120 --> 01:14:33,640
SEE HOW THOSE FACTORS AFFECT

1986
01:14:33,640 --> 01:14:34,600
EACH OTHER OVER TIME.

1987
01:14:34,600 --> 01:14:36,760
WE CAN STILL UNPACK A WHOLE LOT

1988
01:14:36,760 --> 01:14:38,440
MORE, BUT THE FIRST WORKSHOPS

1989
01:14:38,440 --> 01:14:39,480
ARE FROM THEIR PERSPECTIVE.

1990
01:14:39,480 --> 01:14:41,760
I WANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT THIS IS

1991
01:14:41,760 --> 01:14:42,240
QUALITATIVE.

1992
01:14:42,240 --> 01:14:44,040
SO IT IS FROM THEIR PERSPECTIVE,

1993
01:14:44,040 --> 01:14:46,360
WHAT THEY CONSIDER IS IMPORTANT.

1994
01:14:46,360 --> 01:14:50,080
IF THAT CAN BE QUANTIFIED LATER

1995
01:14:50,080 --> 01:14:52,240
ON AND COULD BE USED AS MODEL

1996
01:14:52,240 --> 01:14:54,840
THAT CAN BE TIED, CALIBRATED

1997
01:14:54,840 --> 01:14:55,920
WITH QUANTITATIVE DATA AS WELL.

1998
01:14:55,920 --> 01:14:58,560
>>I THINK THAT BOTTOM
LINE IS

1999
01:14:58,560 --> 01:14:59,920
THAT THIS METHODOLOGY LED TO A

2000
01:14:59,920 --> 01:15:04,760
HE DID SIGN OF A QUITE EFFECTIVE

2001
01:15:04,760 --> 01:15:06,760
INTERVENTION, WHICH I AT THE END

2002
01:15:06,760 --> 01:15:08,560
OF THE DAY, I THINK THAT

2003
01:15:08,560 --> 01:15:10,840
TRANSLATES VERY NICELY ACROSS

2004
01:15:10,840 --> 01:15:14,440
COUNTRIES, THAT BRINGS ALL GROUP

2005
01:15:14,440 --> 01:15:17,160
BASED MODELING, CBPR AND SO ON.

2006
01:15:17,160 --> 01:15:21,400
SO LET ME MOVE ON TO SEFA,

2007
01:15:21,400 --> 01:15:24,000
BEFORE WE CONCLUDE WITH A ROUND

2008
01:15:24,000 --> 01:15:29,160
ON THE BIG PICTURE TOPIC RELATED

2009
01:15:29,160 --> 01:15:30,920
TO WHAT DO ALL OF THESE MEANS

2010
01:15:30,920 --> 01:15:32,520
FOR COUNTRY LEVEL COMPREHENSIVE

2011
01:15:32,520 --> 01:15:36,040
POLICIES TO IMPROVE FOOD

2012
01:15:36,040 --> 01:15:37,160
SECURITY AND THAT PART OF THE

2013
01:15:37,160 --> 01:15:38,000
DISCUSSION, OF COURSE I WILL

2014
01:15:38,000 --> 01:15:42,000
START WITH AMOS AND DIANE, AS I

2015
01:15:42,000 --> 01:15:43,000
THINK THEY BOTH HAVE A LOT TO

2016
01:15:43,000 --> 01:15:44,760
SHARE WITH US.

2017
01:15:44,760 --> 01:15:51,280
SO S E SEFA, ESSENTIALLY THE

2018
01:15:51,280 --> 01:15:52,360
AUDIENCE WANTS TO KNOW THE DATA

2019
01:15:52,360 --> 01:15:54,440
HAS BEEN COLLECTED WITH ECHORN

2020
01:15:54,440 --> 01:15:55,960
VERY CLEAR FINDINGS YOU HAVE,

2021
01:15:55,960 --> 01:15:57,160
EVERYBODY UNDERSTANDS, SO WHAT'S

2022
01:15:57,160 --> 01:15:57,600
NEXT?

2023
01:15:57,600 --> 01:15:59,800
HOW HAS THAT DATA BEEN USED OR

2024
01:15:59,800 --> 01:16:01,920
WILL BE USED TO ACTUALLY

2025
01:16:01,920 --> 01:16:04,040
INFLUENCE FOOD POLICY, FOOD

2026
01:16:04,040 --> 01:16:06,200
SYSTEMS POLICIES IN THE

2027
01:16:06,200 --> 01:16:07,720
CARIBBEAN, AT LEAST IN THE

2028
01:16:07,720 --> 01:16:08,800
COUNTRIES WHERE ECHORN IS

2029
01:16:08,800 --> 01:16:10,560
WORKING RIGHT NOW?

2030
01:16:10,560 --> 01:16:13,160
>>THANK YOU, RAFAEL, FOR
THE

2031
01:16:13,160 --> 01:16:13,400
QUESTION.

2032
01:16:13,400 --> 01:16:17,080
SO AS I MENTIONED EARLIER, ONE

2033
01:16:17,080 --> 01:16:18,280
OF THE THINGS THAT ECHORN IS NOW

2034
01:16:18,280 --> 01:16:19,640
DOING IS WORKING WITH THE

2035
01:16:19,640 --> 01:16:21,440
MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN BARBADOS,

2036
01:16:21,440 --> 01:16:23,400
THEY'RE INTERESTED IN LOOKING AT

2037
01:16:23,400 --> 01:16:27,880
OUR NUTRITION RELATED DATA TO

2038
01:16:27,880 --> 01:16:29,160
HELP INFORM THEIR NATIONAL

2039
01:16:29,160 --> 01:16:29,600
NUTRITION POLICY.

2040
01:16:29,600 --> 01:16:31,120
SO THIS IS A REALLY EXCITING

2041
01:16:31,120 --> 01:16:32,760
OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE

2042
01:16:32,760 --> 01:16:34,000
COUNTRY-LEVEL DATA TO THE

2043
01:16:34,000 --> 01:16:35,320
MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN BARBADOS

2044
01:16:35,320 --> 01:16:38,320
TO HELP INFORM THE POLICIES THAT

2045
01:16:38,320 --> 01:16:43,640
THEY WILL THEN PRODUCE.

2046
01:16:43,640 --> 01:16:45,040
I ALSO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THE

2047
01:16:45,040 --> 01:16:49,440
WORK OF MANY LOCAL OR REGIONAL

2048
01:16:49,440 --> 01:16:50,600
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN

2049
01:16:50,600 --> 01:16:53,160
AS WELL.

2050
01:16:53,160 --> 01:16:55,120
THESE GROUPS ARE KIND OF ON THE

2051
01:16:55,120 --> 01:16:56,000
VANGUARD, ON THE LEADING EDGE OF

2052
01:16:56,000 --> 01:17:01,440
SOME OF THESE FOOD POLICIES, FOR

2053
01:17:01,440 --> 01:17:05,360
EXAMPLE, THE HEALTHY CARIBBEAN

2054
01:17:05,360 --> 01:17:06,240
COALITION, COMMUNITY AND COMMON

2055
01:17:06,240 --> 01:17:06,480
MARKET.

2056
01:17:06,480 --> 01:17:07,880
THE HEALTHY CARIBBEAN COALITION

2057
01:17:07,880 --> 01:17:09,280
IS WORKING ON A NUMBER OF LOCAL

2058
01:17:09,280 --> 01:17:10,560
FOOD ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVES

2059
01:17:10,560 --> 01:17:12,320
DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THINGS LIKE

2060
01:17:12,320 --> 01:17:13,720
CHILDHOOD OBESITY, FRONT OF

2061
01:17:13,720 --> 01:17:16,480
PACKAGE LABELING AND BACKYARD

2062
01:17:16,480 --> 01:17:19,520
GARDENING TO NAME JUST A FEW.

2063
01:17:19,520 --> 01:17:21,560
AND CARE COM IS WORKING ON

2064
01:17:21,560 --> 01:17:24,760
PROMOTING REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY

2065
01:17:24,760 --> 01:17:26,040
THROUGH LOCAL AGRICULTURE AND

2066
01:17:26,040 --> 01:17:27,800
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2067
01:17:27,800 --> 01:17:28,640
INITIATIVES AMONG MANY OTHERS.

2068
01:17:28,640 --> 01:17:30,040
SO I THINK OUR RESEARCH FINDINGS

2069
01:17:30,040 --> 01:17:34,120
CAN BE USED TO HELP INFORM THIS

2070
01:17:34,120 --> 01:17:34,320
WORK.

2071
01:17:34,320 --> 01:17:37,160
>>THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH,
SEFA.

2072
01:17:37,160 --> 01:17:39,880
THIS IS A PERFECT SEGUE FOR THE

2073
01:17:39,880 --> 01:17:41,840
QUESTION THAT I HAVE FOR AMOS

2074
01:17:41,840 --> 01:17:44,480
AND DIANE.

2075
01:17:44,480 --> 01:17:46,120
SO AT THE END OF THE DAY, WE ALL

2076
01:17:46,120 --> 01:17:50,280
UNDERSTAND BASED ON THE

2077
01:17:50,280 --> 01:17:52,000
CONSENSUS DEFINITION OF FOOD

2078
01:17:52,000 --> 01:17:54,080
SECURITY AND NUTRITION SECURITY

2079
01:17:54,080 --> 01:17:59,120
AND SO ON THAT ADDRESSING IT

2080
01:17:59,120 --> 01:18:01,080
REQUIRES MULTICOMPONENT,

2081
01:18:01,080 --> 01:18:03,240
MULTILEVEL, MULTI-SECTORAL

2082
01:18:03,240 --> 01:18:06,280
INTERVENTIONS WITH STRONG

2083
01:18:06,280 --> 01:18:07,840
ENGAGEMENT FROM -- SOCIETY AND

2084
01:18:07,840 --> 01:18:10,120
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND ON

2085
01:18:10,120 --> 01:18:12,960
AND ON, IT IS VERY IMPRESSIVE TO

2086
01:18:12,960 --> 01:18:14,280
THINK, ONE, WHAT AMOS PRESENTED

2087
01:18:14,280 --> 01:18:19,600
TO US AS TO HOW SYSTEMATIC, HOW

2088
01:18:19,600 --> 01:18:20,920
COMPREHENSIVE THE HEALTHY

2089
01:18:20,920 --> 01:18:22,200
FOOMEDZ POLICY FROM GHANA IS,

2090
01:18:22,200 --> 01:18:25,480
AND DIANE WHO KNOWS A LOT ABOUT

2091
01:18:25,480 --> 01:18:28,200
THE NEW WHITE HOUSE NATIONAL

2092
01:18:28,200 --> 01:18:30,960
STRATEGY ON NUTRITION, HUNGER

2093
01:18:30,960 --> 01:18:32,040
AND HEALTH AND THE DIFFERENT

2094
01:18:32,040 --> 01:18:33,360
PILLARS THAT IT HAS.

2095
01:18:33,360 --> 01:18:35,320
SO I WANTED TO ASK YOU, MAYBE

2096
01:18:35,320 --> 01:18:38,240
YOU CAN GO FIRST, AMOS AND DIANE

2097
01:18:38,240 --> 01:18:41,520
CAN FOLLOW ON YOUR RESPONSE AS

2098
01:18:41,520 --> 01:18:43,480
TO WHAT WERE THE KEY INGREDIENTS

2099
01:18:43,480 --> 01:18:45,880
TO ACTUALLY -- TO BEGIN WITH THE

2100
01:18:45,880 --> 01:18:47,280
STAKEHOLDERS TO AGREE TO TALK

2101
01:18:47,280 --> 01:18:50,160
WITH EACH OARL AND THEN FOR

2102
01:18:50,160 --> 01:18:54,640
ACTUALLY ENDING UP WITH A VERY,

2103
01:18:54,640 --> 01:18:56,600
VERY COMMON SENSE, AND WHAT IT

2104
01:18:56,600 --> 01:18:58,240
SEEMS TO BE COULD BE A VERY

2105
01:18:58,240 --> 01:19:02,560
IMPACTFUL APPROACH TO IMPROVING

2106
01:19:02,560 --> 01:19:04,920
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY AND

2107
01:19:04,920 --> 01:19:08,160
FOOD SYSTEMS IN GHANA, FOR

2108
01:19:08,160 --> 01:19:09,480
EXAMPLE, ARE THERE ANY GAPS? 

2109
01:19:09,480 --> 01:19:12,840
TODAY WE SAW THAT VERY --

2110
01:19:12,840 --> 01:19:14,680
BETWEEN WATERHOUSE HOLD SECURITY

2111
01:19:14,680 --> 01:19:16,880
AND HOUSEHOLD -- SECURITY IS

2112
01:19:16,880 --> 01:19:18,160
WATER PART OF EITHER THE

2113
01:19:18,160 --> 01:19:22,360
NATIONAL STRATEGIES INVOLVED IN

2114
01:19:22,360 --> 01:19:23,360
GHANA AND THE U.S.

2115
01:19:23,360 --> 01:19:26,080
AND IF NOT, WHAT CAN BE DONE TO

2116
01:19:26,080 --> 01:19:28,920
PUT IT INTO THE AGENDA, YOU

2117
01:19:28,920 --> 01:19:30,000
THINK IT DESERVES A PLACE.

2118
01:19:30,000 --> 01:19:32,080
SO THE FLOOR IS YOURS, AMOS, AND

2119
01:19:32,080 --> 01:19:35,720
THEN DIANE, PLEASE.

2120
01:19:35,720 --> 01:19:40,280
>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH,
RAF.

2121
01:19:40,280 --> 01:19:44,000
AS TO WHAT IS IT WE HAVE

2122
01:19:44,000 --> 01:19:45,240
LEARNED, WHAT IS IT WE ALREADY

2123
01:19:45,240 --> 01:19:47,360
KNOW AND WHAT IS IT WE NEED TO

2124
01:19:47,360 --> 01:19:49,560
KNOW, AND, THEREFORE, DO, WE

2125
01:19:49,560 --> 01:19:51,680
HAVE OVER THE YEARS LEARNED A

2126
01:19:51,680 --> 01:19:52,280
LOT.

2127
01:19:52,280 --> 01:19:56,320
AND THAT WHICH WE HAVE LEARNED

2128
01:19:56,320 --> 01:19:58,520
BEEN WORK THAT RESEARCHERS HAVE

2129
01:19:58,520 --> 01:20:02,120
DONE BUT ALSO WORK THAT

2130
01:20:02,120 --> 01:20:03,560
PRACTITIONERS -- ARE DOING OR

2131
01:20:03,560 --> 01:20:07,560
ARE UNABLE TO DO.

2132
01:20:07,560 --> 01:20:08,560
THAT RESEARCHERS HAVE

2133
01:20:08,560 --> 01:20:09,640
IDENTIFIED.

2134
01:20:09,640 --> 01:20:11,040
SO TO BEGIN TO ANSWER THAT

2135
01:20:11,040 --> 01:20:13,160
QUESTION AS TO WHAT ARE THE GAPS

2136
01:20:13,160 --> 01:20:16,440
AND WHAT ARE THE PRIORITIES IN

2137
01:20:16,440 --> 01:20:18,360
SET AREAS IN COUNTRIES LIKE

2138
01:20:18,360 --> 01:20:20,320
U.S., GHANA, OTHERS NEED TO

2139
01:20:20,320 --> 01:20:22,000
ADDRESS, I THINK IT WOULD BE

2140
01:20:22,000 --> 01:20:23,960
IMPORTANT FOR US NOT TO JUST

2141
01:20:23,960 --> 01:20:26,000
FOCUS ON WHAT WE DO NOT KNOW, IT

2142
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:31,600
IS IMPORTANT FOR US TO ALSO

2143
01:20:31,600 --> 01:20:36,320
SHARE WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW AND

2144
01:20:36,320 --> 01:20:38,360
AN IMPORTANT EXERCISE GIVEN

2145
01:20:38,360 --> 01:20:41,640
STAKEHOLDERS FROM ALL OVER THE

2146
01:20:41,640 --> 01:20:42,960
WORLD, AFRICA, LATIN AMERICA,

2147
01:20:42,960 --> 01:20:44,680
CARIBBEAN, U.S., EUROPE, TO

2148
01:20:44,680 --> 01:20:46,640
SHARE WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW AND

2149
01:20:46,640 --> 01:20:54,320
FROM SHARING, WE SHOULD BE ABLE

2150
01:20:54,320 --> 01:20:55,840
TO LEARN AND DO CROSS

2151
01:20:55,840 --> 01:20:57,360
FERTILIZATION.

2152
01:20:57,360 --> 01:20:58,680
BUT BEYOND WHAT WE KNOW, WHAT WE

2153
01:20:58,680 --> 01:21:00,200
NEED TO DO, THIS LEADS TO THE

2154
01:21:00,200 --> 01:21:02,080
QUESTION OF HOW DID WE GET TO

2155
01:21:02,080 --> 01:21:03,720
WHERE WE ARE NOW, FOR EXAMPLE,

2156
01:21:03,720 --> 01:21:07,520
IN GHANA.

2157
01:21:07,520 --> 01:21:11,240
THIS IS A VERY COMPLEX AND

2158
01:21:11,240 --> 01:21:13,560
SOMETIMES VERY EMOTIVE DEBATE.

2159
01:21:13,560 --> 01:21:15,960
FOOD SYSTEMS, FOOD ENVIRONMENT.

2160
01:21:15,960 --> 01:21:20,360
BECAUSE THEY ARE MUCH DIFFERENT

2161
01:21:20,360 --> 01:21:20,960
INTERESTS.

2162
01:21:20,960 --> 01:21:25,640
TO MAKE A HEADWAY, WHICH

2163
01:21:25,640 --> 01:21:27,520
REQUIRE -- MULTI-STAKEHOLDER

2164
01:21:27,520 --> 01:21:30,600
ENGAGEMENT, ENGAGEMENT DONE IN A

2165
01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:36,040
WAY THAT THE NEEDS OF THE TSH

2166
01:21:36,040 --> 01:21:43,360
ARE RECOGNIZED, SO IN OUR CASE,

2167
01:21:43,360 --> 01:21:47,120
IT WASN'T CONDUCTING RESEARCH

2168
01:21:47,120 --> 01:21:49,040
AND -- THE SAME RESEARCHERS WERE

2169
01:21:49,040 --> 01:21:52,200
ENGAGED IN POLICY MAKING,

2170
01:21:52,200 --> 01:21:54,720
ENGAGED IN PROGRAMS AND

2171
01:21:54,720 --> 01:21:55,600
PREVENTION, CIVIL SOCIETY

2172
01:21:55,600 --> 01:21:55,960
ORGANIZATION.

2173
01:21:55,960 --> 01:21:58,160
AS ARE NOTED, WE EVEN HAD U.N.

2174
01:21:58,160 --> 01:21:59,240
AGAINST US.

2175
01:21:59,240 --> 01:22:04,040
SO HAVING THAT COLLECTIVE OF

2176
01:22:04,040 --> 01:22:06,080
STAKEHOLDER WHO HAVE INTEREST IN

2177
01:22:06,080 --> 01:22:07,520
IMPROVING FOOD ENVIRONMENT AND,

2178
01:22:07,520 --> 01:22:10,600
THEREFORE, THEIR OWN HEALTH, IT

2179
01:22:10,600 --> 01:22:12,440
MADE THINGS A LITTLE EASIER.

2180
01:22:12,440 --> 01:22:14,200
THAT DOESN'T MEAN THERE HAVEN'T

2181
01:22:14,200 --> 01:22:15,720
BEEN CHALLENGES AND THOSE

2182
01:22:15,720 --> 01:22:16,720
CHALLENGES THAT HAVE BEEN

2183
01:22:16,720 --> 01:22:18,240
EXPERIENCED ELSEWHERE AS NOTED

2184
01:22:18,240 --> 01:22:20,320
FROM LATIN AMERICA, FROM EUROPE

2185
01:22:20,320 --> 01:22:22,960
AND AFRICA, WERE ALSO BUT I

2186
01:22:22,960 --> 01:22:29,160
THINK ONE -- IS IMPORTANT

2187
01:22:29,160 --> 01:22:30,600
ENGAGEMENT WITH MULTIPLE

2188
01:22:30,600 --> 01:22:31,560
STAKEHOLDERS, WHOSE VOICES OUGHT

2189
01:22:31,560 --> 01:22:33,800
TO BE HEARD, IRRESPECTIVE OF HOW

2190
01:22:33,800 --> 01:22:34,400
WEAK THEY ARE.

2191
01:22:34,400 --> 01:22:36,880
>>THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH,
AMOS.

2192
01:22:36,880 --> 01:22:39,760
DIANE, THE FLOORT IS YOURS.

2193
01:22:39,760 --> 01:22:48,800
>>THANK YOU, DR. RAFAEL

2194
01:22:48,800 --> 01:22:49,240
ESCAMILLA.

2195
01:22:49,240 --> 01:22:52,840
THE PRESENTATIONS WERE WONDERFUL

2196
01:22:52,840 --> 01:22:54,800
AND MANY OF THE THEMES I'VE

2197
01:22:54,800 --> 01:22:56,040
HEARD WERE MUCH IN ALIGNMENT

2198
01:22:56,040 --> 01:22:58,880
WITH THE KIND OF WORK WE DO AT

2199
01:22:58,880 --> 01:23:00,400
CDC, AND WORK WITH STATES AND

2200
01:23:00,400 --> 01:23:04,240
COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. IN ORDER

2201
01:23:04,240 --> 01:23:06,640
TO APPLY POLICY SYSTEMS AND

2202
01:23:06,640 --> 01:23:07,720
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE STRATEGIES

2203
01:23:07,720 --> 01:23:10,480
TO MAKE CHANGES IN FOOD

2204
01:23:10,480 --> 01:23:15,040
ENVIRONMENTS, AND REALLY

2205
01:23:15,040 --> 01:23:19,120
HONORING THE COMMUNITY'S INPUT

2206
01:23:19,120 --> 01:23:23,160
IN MOVING TOWARDS THESE CHANGES.

2207
01:23:23,160 --> 01:23:25,400
SPECIFICALLY, WE WANTED TO

2208
01:23:25,400 --> 01:23:26,720
HIGHLIGHT WHAT YOU MAY HAVE BEEN

2209
01:23:26,720 --> 01:23:29,760
HEARING ABOUT IN THE NEWS, THE

2210
01:23:29,760 --> 01:23:33,720
WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON HUNGER

2211
01:23:33,720 --> 01:23:36,120
AND NUTRITION, AND THEN THE

2212
01:23:36,120 --> 01:23:37,440
SUBSEQUENT BIDEN HARRIS

2213
01:23:37,440 --> 01:23:38,760
ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY ON

2214
01:23:38,760 --> 01:23:39,840
HUNGER, NUTRITION AND HEALTH.

2215
01:23:39,840 --> 01:23:44,880
AS YOU MAY HAVE KNOWN EARLIER IN

2216
01:23:44,880 --> 01:23:45,640
2022, PRESIDENT BIDEN ANNOUNCED

2217
01:23:45,640 --> 01:23:48,120
HE WOULD POST THE FIRST WHITE

2218
01:23:48,120 --> 01:23:49,680
HOUSE CONFERENCE ON HUNGER,

2219
01:23:49,680 --> 01:23:50,520
NUTRITION AND HEALTH.

2220
01:23:50,520 --> 01:23:52,640
THE FIRST ONE THAT WAS HELD IN

2221
01:23:52,640 --> 01:23:53,400
OVER 50 YEARS.

2222
01:23:53,400 --> 01:23:57,320
THE FIRST ONE HAD LED TO MAJOR

2223
01:23:57,320 --> 01:23:57,880
POLICY CHANGE.

2224
01:23:57,880 --> 01:23:59,280
SOME OF THE NUTRITIONAL

2225
01:23:59,280 --> 01:24:02,240
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS THAT WE KNOW

2226
01:24:02,240 --> 01:24:07,240
ARE EFFECTIVE AND WORK TO HELP

2227
01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:12,280
END -- OR TO REDUCE AND DECREASE

2228
01:24:12,280 --> 01:24:13,040
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN

2229
01:24:13,040 --> 01:24:13,680
THE U.S.

2230
01:24:13,680 --> 01:24:19,840
SO IT WAS TIME TO HOLD ANOTHER

2231
01:24:19,840 --> 01:24:20,680
CONVENING AND THANKFULLY

2232
01:24:20,680 --> 01:24:21,480
PRESIDENT BIDEN STEPPED UP TO

2233
01:24:21,480 --> 01:24:26,160
PUT THIS TOGETHER.

2234
01:24:26,160 --> 01:24:27,360
THE PROCESS INCLUDED MANY

2235
01:24:27,360 --> 01:24:30,400
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND THERE'S

2236
01:24:30,400 --> 01:24:32,160
BEEN FEDERAL INTERAGENCY WORK

2237
01:24:32,160 --> 01:24:34,680
GROUPS THAT HAVE WORKED SINCE

2238
01:24:34,680 --> 01:24:36,320
THE SPRING AND THEY'VE HELD

2239
01:24:36,320 --> 01:24:37,960
LISTENING SESSIONS WITH FOLKS

2240
01:24:37,960 --> 01:24:39,480
FROM ALL DIFFERENT SECTORS,

2241
01:24:39,480 --> 01:24:41,120
INCLUDING PEOPLE THAT ARE IN THE

2242
01:24:41,120 --> 01:24:43,080
COMMUNITIES AND WHO HAVE THE

2243
01:24:43,080 --> 01:24:45,400
LIVED EXPERIENCES WITH HUNGER

2244
01:24:45,400 --> 01:24:47,880
AND LACK OF ACCESS TO FOODS.

2245
01:24:47,880 --> 01:24:49,880
SO THOSE WERE REALLY IMPORTANT

2246
01:24:49,880 --> 01:24:54,240
PROCESSES THAT HELPED IT FORM

2247
01:24:54,240 --> 01:24:56,720
THE ACTION PLAN THAT WAS THEN

2248
01:24:56,720 --> 01:24:57,120
DEVELOPED.

2249
01:24:57,120 --> 01:25:00,240
THERE WAS ALSO A PORTAL ON THE

2250
01:25:00,240 --> 01:25:03,400
WEBSITE WHERE ANYBODY FROM

2251
01:25:03,400 --> 01:25:04,720
ANYWHERE COULD SUBMIT THEIR

2252
01:25:04,720 --> 01:25:05,440
IDEAS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

2253
01:25:05,440 --> 01:25:08,840
AND ALL OF THESE WERE INTEGRATED

2254
01:25:08,840 --> 01:25:12,920
THEN INTO THE ACTION PLAN WHICH

2255
01:25:12,920 --> 01:25:14,120
WAS RELEASED JUST BEFORE THE

2256
01:25:14,120 --> 01:25:16,840
CONFERENCE WHICH WAS HELD IN

2257
01:25:16,840 --> 01:25:17,960
SEPTEMBER.

2258
01:25:17,960 --> 01:25:20,880
CONCURRENTLY WITH THAT, THE CDC

2259
01:25:20,880 --> 01:25:23,800
FOUNDATION HAS BEEN WORKING WITH

2260
01:25:23,800 --> 01:25:24,920
THE WHITE HOUSE IN ORDER TO

2261
01:25:24,920 --> 01:25:31,360
ENCOURAGE COMMITMENTS FROM

2262
01:25:31,360 --> 01:25:32,720
DIFFERENT SECTORS, COMMITMENTS

2263
01:25:32,720 --> 01:25:33,920
THAT ARE WITHIN THEIR LANE IN

2264
01:25:33,920 --> 01:25:36,720
ORDER TO TACKLE HUNGER AND

2265
01:25:36,720 --> 01:25:38,360
REDUCE RELATED DISEASES AND

2266
01:25:38,360 --> 01:25:38,920
DISPARITIES.

2267
01:25:38,920 --> 01:25:42,400
AT THE LAST RELEASE, THOSE

2268
01:25:42,400 --> 01:25:44,360
COMMITMENTS ARE WORTH NOW

2269
01:25:44,360 --> 01:25:47,240
$8 BILLION OF INDUSTRY AND OTHER

2270
01:25:47,240 --> 01:25:48,360
COMMITMENTS IN ORDER TO TACKLE

2271
01:25:48,360 --> 01:25:49,840
HUNGER.

2272
01:25:49,840 --> 01:25:53,040
SO ULTIMATELY WITH ALL OF THIS

2273
01:25:53,040 --> 01:25:54,440
INPUT, THE NATIONAL STRATEGY ON

2274
01:25:54,440 --> 01:25:56,440
HUNGER, NUTRITION AND HEALTH WAS

2275
01:25:56,440 --> 01:25:57,200
RELEASED.

2276
01:25:57,200 --> 01:25:58,840
IT HAS FIVE PILLARS, IT'S

2277
01:25:58,840 --> 01:25:59,800
AVAILABLE ON THE WHITE HOUSE

2278
01:25:59,800 --> 01:26:02,080
SITE.

2279
01:26:02,080 --> 01:26:03,760
THE GOAL IS TO END HUNGER AND

2280
01:26:03,760 --> 01:26:06,280
INCREASE HEALTHY EATING AND

2281
01:26:06,280 --> 01:26:08,960
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY 2030.

2282
01:26:08,960 --> 01:26:11,520
SO FEWER AMERICANS EXPERIENCE

2283
01:26:11,520 --> 01:26:12,720
DIET-RELATED DISEASE WHILE

2284
01:26:12,720 --> 01:26:14,160
REDUCING RELATED HEALTH

2285
01:26:14,160 --> 01:26:15,240
DISPARITIES.

2286
01:26:15,240 --> 01:26:17,480
THE FIVE PILLARS ARE -- MANY OF

2287
01:26:17,480 --> 01:26:20,040
THE TYPES OF APPROACHES THAT

2288
01:26:20,040 --> 01:26:21,160
YOU'VE HEARD THROUGHOUT THIS

2289
01:26:21,160 --> 01:26:21,800
PRESENTATION TODAY.

2290
01:26:21,800 --> 01:26:23,320
SO THINGS LIKE IMPROVING FOOD

2291
01:26:23,320 --> 01:26:28,440
ACCESS AND AFFORDABILITY,

2292
01:26:28,440 --> 01:26:29,360
INTEGRATING NUTRITION AND

2293
01:26:29,360 --> 01:26:30,480
HEALTH, EMPOWERING ALL CONSUMERS

2294
01:26:30,480 --> 01:26:31,840
TO MAKE AND HAVE ACCESS TO

2295
01:26:31,840 --> 01:26:33,600
HEALTHY CHOICES, SUPPORTING

2296
01:26:33,600 --> 01:26:36,760
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR ALL, AND

2297
01:26:36,760 --> 01:26:37,760
ENHANCING NUTRITION AND FOOD

2298
01:26:37,760 --> 01:26:40,600
SECURITY RESEARCH.

2299
01:26:40,600 --> 01:26:43,600
THE NATIONAL STRATEGY THEN IS

2300
01:26:43,600 --> 01:26:46,600
REALLY PROVIDING A ROAD MAP NOT

2301
01:26:46,600 --> 01:26:48,240
ONLY FOR AGENCIES ACROSS THE

2302
01:26:48,240 --> 01:26:51,400
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO WORK

2303
01:26:51,400 --> 01:26:53,960
TOGETHER AND TO CREATE NEW

2304
01:26:53,960 --> 01:26:54,800
OPPORTUNITIES IN ORDER -- AND

2305
01:26:54,800 --> 01:26:58,720
NEW PROGRAMS, NEW POLICIES IN

2306
01:26:58,720 --> 01:27:01,840
ORDER TO ADDRESS HUNGER, BUT

2307
01:27:01,840 --> 01:27:03,040
THERE'S ALSO A CALL TO ACTION,

2308
01:27:03,040 --> 01:27:05,200
AND LIKE I MENTIONED FOR THE

2309
01:27:05,200 --> 01:27:06,280
COMMITMENTS, FOR THE PRIVATE

2310
01:27:06,280 --> 01:27:09,680
SECTOR, FOR LOCAL, STATE,

2311
01:27:09,680 --> 01:27:11,440
TRIBAL, TERRITORY GOVERNMENTS,

2312
01:27:11,440 --> 01:27:12,680
PHILANTHROPY, CIVIL SOCIETY AND

2313
01:27:12,680 --> 01:27:15,160
OTHER PARTNERS TO ENGAGE IN THIS

2314
01:27:15,160 --> 01:27:15,840
WORK.

2315
01:27:15,840 --> 01:27:18,000
SO HOPEFULLY BY ALL OF US

2316
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:20,920
WORKING TOGETHER, WE'LL CREATE

2317
01:27:20,920 --> 01:27:23,520
MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO ADDRESS

2318
01:27:23,520 --> 01:27:27,560
THE PERSISTENT HUNGER AND LACK

2319
01:27:27,560 --> 01:27:32,800
OF ACCESS TO FOOD WHICH IS STILL

2320
01:27:32,800 --> 01:27:34,080
INDEMIC IN THE UNITED STATES AS

2321
01:27:34,080 --> 01:27:35,120
IT IS IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

2322
01:27:35,120 --> 01:27:36,000
>>THANK YOU.

2323
01:27:36,000 --> 01:27:36,880
THIS IS FANTASTIC.

2324
01:27:36,880 --> 01:27:41,120
AS YOU CAN ALL IMAGINE WHAT

2325
01:27:41,120 --> 01:27:42,080
DIANA SHALL DESCRIBE THE

2326
01:27:42,080 --> 01:27:44,160
NATIONAL STRATEGY AND THE TEAM

2327
01:27:44,160 --> 01:27:49,960
IS DOING ACTUALLY FUNDING SOUND

2328
01:27:49,960 --> 01:27:51,160
RESEARCH AND EVALUATIONS THAT

2329
01:27:51,160 --> 01:27:53,640
ARE POLICY RELEVANT TO ACTUALLY

2330
01:27:53,640 --> 01:27:57,320
MOVE THIS TYPE OF POLITICAL WILL

2331
01:27:57,320 --> 01:28:00,360
INTO ACTUAL EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS

2332
01:28:00,360 --> 01:28:03,320
AND INTERVENTIONS IS IN MANY

2333
01:28:03,320 --> 01:28:06,480
WAYS A VERY POWERFUL WAY TO MOVE

2334
01:28:06,480 --> 01:28:06,840
FORWARD.

2335
01:28:06,840 --> 01:28:10,640
SO THANK YOU TO EACH AND ALL OF

2336
01:28:10,640 --> 01:28:11,080
YOU.

2337
01:28:11,080 --> 01:28:12,400
THANK YOU TO THE DISTINGUISHED

2338
01:28:12,400 --> 01:28:12,720
AUDIENCE.

2339
01:28:12,720 --> 01:28:15,240
I HOPE WE MET YOUR EXPECTATIONS.

2340
01:28:15,240 --> 01:28:18,240
WE COVERED FROM WORLD POLICIES

2341
01:28:18,240 --> 01:28:20,720
TO PROGRAMS ALL THE WAY TO

2342
01:28:20,720 --> 01:28:24,440
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WORK.

2343
01:28:24,440 --> 01:28:25,640
SO THAT THE COMMUNITIES

2344
01:28:25,640 --> 01:28:27,480
THEMSELVES FROM NOW ON ARE A

2345
01:28:27,480 --> 01:28:32,400
VERY CENTRAL PART OF SHAPING UP

2346
01:28:32,400 --> 01:28:33,960
ANY ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE THEIR

2347
01:28:33,960 --> 01:28:36,240
FOOD SYSTEMS THROUGH POLICIES

2348
01:28:36,240 --> 01:28:39,000
AND PROGRAMS WITHOUT LEAVING

2349
01:28:39,000 --> 01:28:39,440
ANYONE BEHIND.

2350
01:28:39,440 --> 01:28:41,240
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

2351
01:28:41,240 --> 01:28:43,360
IT BEEN A PLEASURE, AND I WANT

2352
01:28:43,360 --> 01:28:45,760
TO TURN THE WEBINAR BACK TO

2353
01:28:45,760 --> 01:28:45,960
SUSAN.

2354
01:28:45,960 --> 01:28:52,120
>>LET ME JUST ECHO RAFA'S

2355
01:28:52,120 --> 01:28:53,440
THANKS FOR THE SPEAKERS JOINING

2356
01:28:53,440 --> 01:28:53,840
US.

2357
01:28:53,840 --> 01:28:54,960
THIS WAS AN AMAZING DISCUSSION.

2358
01:28:54,960 --> 01:28:56,280
I THINK IT HIGHLIGHTS THE WORK

2359
01:28:56,280 --> 01:28:57,440
THAT'S TAKING PLACE AROUND THE

2360
01:28:57,440 --> 01:28:58,800
WORLD AND EMPHASIZES THE KIND OF

2361
01:28:58,800 --> 01:29:03,160
COMMON AREAS OF INTEREST AND

2362
01:29:03,160 --> 01:29:03,920
FOCUS, BUT WHILE ALSO

2363
01:29:03,920 --> 01:29:06,080
CONSIDERING THE SORT OF

2364
01:29:06,080 --> 01:29:06,640
INDIVIDUAL CONTEXT.

2365
01:29:06,640 --> 01:29:11,120
I THINK IF THIS SPARKS ANY

2366
01:29:11,120 --> 01:29:12,640
IDEAS, I URGE YOU TO LOOK AT THE

2367
01:29:12,640 --> 01:29:16,240
NOSI.

2368
01:29:16,240 --> 01:29:17,680
THIS REALLY HIGHLIGHTS THE

2369
01:29:17,680 --> 01:29:18,400
RELEVANT FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES

2370
01:29:18,400 --> 01:29:22,280
IN THIS AREA FROM 11 NIH ICOs.

2371
01:29:22,280 --> 01:29:25,760
SO JUST TO MENTION  RECORDING OF

2372
01:29:25,760 --> 01:29:27,440
TODAY'S SESSION AND ALL THE

2373
01:29:27,440 --> 01:29:28,400
WEBINARS WILL BE POSTED AFTER

2374
01:29:28,400 --> 01:29:28,840
THE SERIES.

2375
01:29:28,840 --> 01:29:30,360
I HOPE YOU CAN JOIN US FOR OUR

2376
01:29:30,360 --> 01:29:31,160
THIRD AND FINAL WEBINAR.

2377
01:29:31,160 --> 01:29:33,880
THIS WILL TAKE PLACE ON MONDAY,

2378
01:29:33,880 --> 01:29:34,960
NOVEMBER 21ST, AT 3:00 P.M.

2379
01:29:34,960 --> 01:29:36,440
IT'S ON USING IMPLEMENTATION

2380
01:29:36,440 --> 01:29:37,920
SCIENCE TO ADDRESS FOOD AND

2381
01:29:37,920 --> 01:29:42,920
NUTRITION INSECURITY, LED BY DRE

2382
01:29:42,920 --> 01:29:45,440
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND

2383
01:29:45,440 --> 01:29:49,520
THE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND

2384
01:29:49,520 --> 01:29:51,400
IMPLEMENTATION.

2385
01:29:51,400 --> 01:29:52,600
IT WILL PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF

2386
01:29:52,600 --> 01:29:54,000
GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY

2387
01:29:54,000 --> 01:29:55,320
INNOVATION THAT'S BEEN ADAPTED

2388
01:29:55,320 --> 01:29:56,760
ACROSS SETTINGS, AND I REALLY

2389
01:29:56,760 --> 01:29:58,280
HOPE THAT YOU'RE ABLE TO JOIN

2390
01:29:58,280 --> 01:29:59,120
US.

2391
01:29:59,120 --> 01:30:03,120
THANK YOU, EVERYONE.

2392
01:30:03,120 --> 00:00:00,000
>>THANK YOU, SUSAN.