>>WELCOME TO THE FIRST
WEBINAR IN THE LESSONS LEARNED
FROM GLOBAL FOOD AND NUTRITION
INSURVEYS CURITY WEBINAR SERIES.
MY NAME IS SUSAN VORKOPER AND I
AM HERE WITH THE FOGARTY
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CENTER,
CENTER FOR GLOBAL HEALTH
STUDIES.
THERE'S BEEN INCREASING
INVESTMENT IN NUTRITION AND FOOD
INSECURITY ACROSS GOVERNMENT AND
THE NIH SPECIFICALLY.
THE WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON
FOOD, NUTRITION AND HUNGER THAT
JUST TOOK PLACE THAT LAST
SUMMER,--AND HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE
THAT RESEARCH PLAYS.
JUST A COUPLE WEEKS AGO, THE
GLOBAL MALNUTRITION, PREVENTION
AND TREATMENT ACT WAS SIGNED
INTO LAW PROVIDING FUNDS TO
STRENGTHEN GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY.
AT THE NIH WE PUT TOGETHER
WORKSHOPS, DEVELOPED RELEVANT
FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENTS AND THEN
SUMMER PUT OUT A NOTICE OF
SPECIAL INTEREST TO STIMULATE
RESEARCH TO UNDERSTAND AND
ADDRESS HUNGER, FOOD AND
NUTRITION INSECURITY.
THIS WEBINAR SERIES SEEKS TO
BUILD ON THESE EFFORTS.
WE WILL HIGHLIGHT INNOVATIVE
FOOD AND NUTRITION AND SECURITY
AND HEALTH OUTCOMES THAT HAVE
TAKEN PLACE IN FLOABAL SETTINGS
AND IDENTIFY LESSONS LEARNED FOR
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TIEWPTS AND
CONTEXT.
I AM EXCITED TO BE PARTNERING
WITH THE NIH'S OFFICE OF GLOBAL
NUTRITION, THEINANCAL KAGZER
INSTITUTE, THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE FOR CHILD HEALTH AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS THE
U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT, CDC AND USDA TO
DEVELOP THIS 3 PART SERIES.
SO THIS FIRST 1 WILL PROVIDE AN
OVERVIEW OF FOOD AND NUTRITION
INSECURITY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
THAT CAN REALLY IDENTIFY THE
IMPACTS OF FOOD INSECURITY
ACROSS THE WORLD IN VARIOUS AGES
AND SETTINGS AND ENCLUEDING THE
CONNECTION TO CHRONIC AND
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND
CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT.
WE WILL ALSO HIGHLIGHT EXAMPLES
OF INTERVENTION--INTERVENTION
RESEARCH, THAT PRESENTS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSLATION
AND ADAPTATION, WE WELCOME
QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE
CURING OUR PANEL
DISCUSSION--DURING OUR PANEL
DISCUSSION, TO ANSWER QUESTIONS
PLEASE KICKOT SEND LIVE FEEDBACK
DIRECTORY BELOW THIS VIDEO.
WITHOUT FURTHER ADO I WANT TO
INTRODUCE OUR FIRST SPEAKERS, SO
DR. RAFAEL PEREZ-CEREBELLUMS
SCAMILLA, WITH YALE UNIVERSITY,
AND DR. ALLYSON BROWN, PROGRAM
DIRECTOR AT THE NATIONAL HEART
LUNG AND BLOOD SLEEP INSTITUTE
WILL MODERATE OUR PANEL
DISCUSSION.
RAFAEL, I WILL TURN IT OVER TO
YOU.
>>THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH FOR
YOUR KIND INTRODUCTION AND I
JUST WANT TO EXPRESS HOW
GRATEFUL I AM THAT THESE WEBINAR
SERIES IS HAPPENING SINCE I HAVE
DEVOTED 2 DECADES OF MY
PROFESSIONAL CAREER TOWARDS THIS
END.
SO, THE FIRST OBJECTIVE OF MY
PRESENTATION IS TO TAKE YOU
THROUGH THE DEFINITIONS OF FOOD
INSECURITY, THE CONSTRUCTS
UNDERLYING FOOD INSECURITY AND
USEFUL FRAMEWORKS THAT HAVE BEEN
USED TO TO GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT
OF MONITORING SYSTEM SYSTEM.
SECONDLY, I WILL SHARE WITH YOU
BASED ON MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
AND THE LITERATURE SOME GLOBAL
LESSONS ON FOOD INSECURITY
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION THAT CAN
BE TRANSFERRED ACROSS COUNTRIES.
SO IN 1996 AT THE ROME WORLD
FOOD SUMMIT, UNITED MEMBERS OF
COUNTRIES UNITED WITH THE UNITED
NATIONS UNANIMOUSLY AGREED THAT
FOOD SECURITY EXISTS WHEN
PEOPLE, AT ALL TIMES, HAVE
PHYSICAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
ACCESS TO SUFFICIENT, SAFE AND
NUTRITIOUS FOOD WHICH MEETS
THEIR DIETARY NEEDS AND FOOD
PREFERENCES FOR AN ACTIVE AND
HEALTHY LIFE.
IT FURTHER MORE IN THE YEAR 2000
USDA ACKNOWLEDGED THAT IN
ADDITION TO THE DIFFERENT
DOMAINS THAT WERE INCLUDED IN
THE U. N. DEFINITION, IT WAS
IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE
FOOD SECURITIES PEOPLE WOULD
NEED TO ACQUIRE ACCEPTABLE FOODS
IN SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE WAYS THAT
IS WITHOUT RESORTING TO
EMERGENCY FOOD SUPPLIES,
SCAVENGING, STEALING OR OTHER
COPING STRATEGIES.
THE USDA RECOGNIZES THAT FOOD
INSECURITY EXISTS, HOWEVER, THE
AVAILABILITY OF NUTRITIONALLY
ADEQUATE AND SAFE FOODS OR THE
ABILITY TO ACQUIRE SOCIAL
ACCEPTABLE FOODS IN SOCIAL WAYS
IS LIMITED OR UNCERTAIN.
AT THE MOMENT, THE USDA RELEASED
THE CURRENT DEFINITION FOR FOOD
SECURITY THAT THEY USE AS ALICIA
WILL COVER DURING HER TALK.
FOOD SECURITY IS DEFINED BY USDA
AS ACCESS TO ALL PEOPLE THEA ALL
TIMES DOING ENOUGH FOOD FOR AN
ACTIVE AND HEALTHY LIFE.
AND FURTHER MORE, USDA DEFINES
AN ACTIVE AND HEALTHY LIFE AS
DEPENDING ON BOTH ADEQUATE
AMOUNTS OF FOOD AND THE PROPER
NEEDS OF NUTRIENT RICH FOODS TO
MEET AN INDIVIDUAL'S NUTRITION
AND HEALTH NEEDS.
HENCE WE TAKE THE COLLECTIVE
WISDOM FROM THE VERY CONSISTENT
DEFINITIONS OF FOOD INSECURITY
AND FOOD SECURITY ACROSS TIME
OUTSIDE THE U.S. AND WITHIN THE
U.S. WE HAVE TO REACH THE
INESCAPABLE CONCLUSION THAT FOOD
INSECURITY INCLUDES AT LEAST 6
DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS.
AMOUNT OF CALORIES OR QUANTITY
OF FOODS, DIETARY QUALITY OR
ISSUES RELATED TO THE
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE FOODS
PEOPLE ARE CONSUMING, ISSUES
RELATED TO FOOD SAFETY, TO
CULTURAL SUITABILITY AS WELL AS
THE VERY POWERFUL STRESSOR THAT
FOOD INSECURITY IS WHEN IT COMES
TO PSYCHOLOGY ISSUES INCLUDING
ANXIETY AND FEELINGS OF
DEPRIVATION AND AT LUNG CANCER
NOT LEAST IS RELATED TO SOCIAL
UNACCEPTABILITY WHEN ACQUIRING
FOODS.
SO FOOD INSECURITY IN A COMPLEX,
COMPLEX THAT INCLUDES AT LEAST
THE 6 MENTIONS YOU SEE ON YOUR
SCREEN.
IN TERMS OF FRAMEWORKS, IN FACT,
I FOUND VERY, VERY USEFUL THIS
FRAMEWORK THAT WAS PUBLISHED BY
UNICEF SOME YEARS AGO THAT
ESSENTIALLY DETAILS IS THAT IN
HUMAN SOCIETIES FOOD SECURITY IS
BEST UNDERSTOOD AT THE HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL AND THAT FOR HOUSEHOLDS TO
BABLY TO BE FOOD SECURE, THEY
NEED TO HAVE ACCESS IN THEIR
COMMUNITIES TO ENOUGH AMOUNTS OF
HEALTHY FOODS THAT ARE
PHYSICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY
AVAILABLE AND CULTURALLY
APPROPRIATE AND SO ON.
AND FOR THEIR COMMUNITIES TO
HAVE ACCESS TO THESE FOODS,
THERE NEEDS TO BE NATIONAL
AVAILABILITY OF ENOUGH
NUTRITIOUS FOOD WHICH INTURN
DEPENDS ON FOOD IMPORTS,/EXPORTS
AS WELL AS THE LOCAL FOOD
PRODUCTION.
AND AT THE END OF THE DAY, WE DO
NEED FOR THE PLANET TO BE
HEALTHY ENOUGH TO BE ABLE TO
PROVIDE THE WORLD WITH ENOUGH
CALORIES AND FOODS AND
NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO MEET FOOD
SECURITY NEEDS AT THE HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL SO WE CAN SEE THAT THERE
IS A NEED FOR MULTILEVEL
INTERVENTIONS FROM THE GLOBAL,
ALL THE WAY TO THE HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL TO BE ABLE TO ADDRESS
HOUSEHOLD SECURITY.
THERE IS ALSO ANAR O THAT IS
BLACK, YOU CAN'T SEE IT VERY
WELL, BUT THERE IS A BIG
DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
FOOD SECURITY AND ACCESS TO
HEALTHCARE, HOUSING AND OTHER
BASIC NEEDS.
UPON SO ESSENTIALLY THERE IS A
CYCLE HERE WHEREBY IF PEOPLE ARE
ILL, DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE
ACCESS, AND SO ON, THEN THEY'RE
MORE LIKELY TO BE FOOD INSECURE
AND THE MORE FOOD INSECURE THEY
BECOME THAT MORE SICK THEY ARE
GOING TO GET.
AT THE END OF THE DAY, BOTH FOOD
SECURITY AND ACCESS TO
HEALTHCARE, ANOTHER BASIC SOCIAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IS WHAT
DETERMINES THE NUTRITIONAL
ENSURVEYS CURITY.
AND NUTRITION SECURITY HAS TO BE
UNDERSTOOD AT THE INDIVIDUAL
LEVEL BECAUSE IT'S A CONDITION
THAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ORGANISMS
OF INDIVIDUALS OF PEOPLE ARE
ACTUALLY [INDISCERNIBLE] WITH
REGARD TO THE AMOUNT OF
NUCLEOTIDES T-REGENTS AND OTHER
HEALTHY COMPONENTS IN FOODS TO
BE ABLE FOR PEOPLE TO HAVE A
HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIFE.
SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
RECOGNIZE THAT SINCE THE LATE
80S IN THE U.S., IN NUTRITIONAL
STATE BEING DEFINED AS THE
ASSIMILATION AND UTILIZATION OF
NUTRIENTS BY THE BODY PLUS
INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS SUCH AS THOSE THAT
AFFECT FOOD COMSUMPTION AND
SECURITY.
I WANT TO MENTION THAT FOOD
SECURITY IS A HUMAN RIGHT AND
ALL THE FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS REFLECT THE
UNIVERSAL, INDIVISIBLE,
INTERRELATED AND INTERDEPENDENCE
HUMAN RIGHTS.
SO IT IS ENCLUEDED AS PART OF
THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD,
CHILDREN'S RIGHTS TO FOOD,
HEALTHCARE, SURVIVAL AND
DEVELOPMENT AND THE RIGHTS OF
MOTHERS TO ADEQUATE NUTRITION
CURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION,
SO THE DEFINITIONS OUTSIDE THE
U.S., WITHIN THE U.S. THAT WE
NOW HAVE FOR FOOD INSECURITY,
NUTRITION SECURITY, AND SO ON
ARE TOTALLY, TOTALLY PART ALSO
OF HUMAN RIGHTS.
SO HOW DO WE GO ABOUT ADDRESSING
FOOD INSECURITY?
IT CAN BE DONE DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY.
SO THE APPROACH THAT HAS BEEN
USED AT MACROLEVEL IS THE FAO
BALANCE SHEETS TO COMPUTE THE
CALORIES PERCAPITTA PER DAY
AVAILABLE TO THE COUNTRIES BUT
IN THESE DAYS AND TIMES WHEN THE
PROBLEM OF OVERNUTRITION LINKED
TO FOOD INSECURITY, IT ALMOST
OVERTAKING IN MANY COUNTRIES,
THE PROBLEM OF A LACK OF
CALORIES, THERE IS A NEED OF
COURSE FOR OTHER METHODS
INCLUDING ASSESSING DIETARY
INTAKE THROUGH 24 RECALLS,
FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES, FOOD
RECORDS AND OTHER DIETARY INTAKE
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES.
WE CAN ALSO ASSESS THIS DIRECTLY
THROUGH FOOD INSECURITY THROUGH
FOOD MEASUREMENTS THAT INCLUDE
HEIGHT, WEIGHT, CONCEPTS AND SO
ON, THERE ARE METHODS BASED ON
BIOMARKERS, SO SUCH AS, YOU KNOW
[INDISCERNIBLE] IN THE BLOOD
STREAM IN RESPONSE TO THAT
COMSUMPTION OF MORE FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES AND SO ON.
AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, WE WILL
TALK TO THE WEBINAR SERIES
EXTENSE EVALUATION PROCESSLY IN
TERMS OF THE METHOD BASED ON
EXPERIENCE BASED SCALES.
UPON SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
START OFF THE BAT BY SAYING THAT
THERE ISN'T A BEST METHOD AND A
WORST METHOD.
ALL THE FOOD INSECURITY METHODS
HAVE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES,
WITH REGARDS TO THEIR
SPECIFICITY, EASINESS OF
APPLICATION, DATA COLLECTION
SPEED, MEASUREMENT
[INDISCERNIBLE], ET CETERA, AND
IN FACT, THEY STRONGLY
COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER.
SO WE KNOW THAT FOR EXAMPLE,
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT NUTRITION
SECURITY, NUTRITIONAL STATEUS
REQUIRES ASSESSMENT THROUGH ALL
THESE METHODS FOR COMSUMPTION,
FOOD INSECURITY AS WELL AS BY O
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL AND
ANTHROPROMETRIC INDICES OF
NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
WE HAVE PUBLISHED WHAT WE THINK
IS AN INTERESTING PAPER, IT'S
BEEN CITED QUITE A BIT ON
DEMONSTRATING HOW THE BEST
CHOICE AND METHODS FOR FOOD
SECURITY, AND THE PROGRAM
QUESTIONS, PROGRAM EVALUATION
QUESTIONS OR RESEARCH QUESTIONS
THAT WE HAVE AND WE DEVELOPED AN
ALLEGOR RILGT IMPEDIMENTS BASED
ON SMART CRITERIA TO IDENTIFY
THE BEST POSSIBLE METHODS AND
INDICATORS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS
RELATED TO DIFFERENT TO 5
DIFFERENT SCENARIOS.
SO I WILL NOW START TALKING A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT EXPERIENCE
BASED FOOD INSECURITY SCALES
GIVEN THE ENORMOUS
TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT THAT
THEY HAVE HAD AT PLACING FOOD
SECURITY FRONT AND CENTER AS
PART OF THE INTERNATIONAL AND
NATIONAL AGENDAS, AND THE
PROPERTIES, THE SMART PROPERTIES
THEY HAVE TO ACTUALLY ALLOW FOR
A RAPID AND VERY USEFUL
APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF
RESEARCH EVALUATION AND
MONITORING AS WE WILL SEE IN A
MOMENT.
SO THE EXPERIENCE IN BASE
SCALES, THE THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK WAS DEVELOPED BY
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND COLLEAGUES
AT CORNELL, WHERE THEY
INTERVIEWED WOMEN IN UPSTATE
NEW YORK WHO WERE EXPERIENCING
FOOD INSECURITY IN THEIR
HOUSEHOLDS AND USING FIRST OF
ALL QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AROACHS, THEY WERE ABLE TO
DOCUMENT THAT ESSENTIALLY IT CAN
BE UNDERSTOOD AS A HOUSEHOLD IN
A MANAGED PROCESS.
SO WE ASSUME THAT THE HOUSEHOLD
IS SECURE NOW BUT BECAUSE OF A
ECONOMIC SHOCK, THEY WERE VERY
CONCERNED THAT THE BREAD WINNER
MAY LOSE HER OR HIS JOB IN A
SHORT TIME, THEY START GETTING
VERY ANXIOUS, VERY WORRIED ABOUT
NOT HAVING FOOD ACCESS FOR THAT
TIME IN THE FUTURE.
IF THE SITUATION IS NOT CORRECT,
THE FIRST COPING STRATEGY WILL
BE FOR THE FAMILY TO SACRIFICE
THE DIETARY QUALITY I MENTIONED
OF FOOD SECURITY.
AND IF THAT SITUATION WORSENS,
THEN FIRST ADULTS WILL CUT FOOD
CONSUSMS AND EVENTUALLY CHILDREN
WILL CUT FOOD COMSUMPTION TO THE
POINT WHERE THEY MAY GO FOR A
WHOLE DAY OR MORE WITHOUT EATING
ANYTHING BECAUSE OF JUST
COMPLETE ACCESS TO FOODS.
SO THIS FRAMEWORK IS INCREDIBLY
USEFUL AND DIFFERENTIAL TO THE
POINT THAT IT IS REALLY WHAT
GUIDES THE APPLICATION OF THE
FOOD INSECURITY ISSUES TO THE
TARGET OF 2.2.
SO WHAT IS FULLY RECOGNIZES IS
THAT THE HOUSEHOLDS GO THROUGH
DIFFERENT KIND OF EXPERIENCE,
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FOOD
INSECURITY FROM MILD, ALL THE
WAY TO SEVERE, THAT IS AFROM
SIMPLY WORRYING ABOUT NOT HAVING
ENOUGH FOOD, ALL THE WAY TO
EXPERIENCING OR [INDISCERNIBLE].
AND THIS IS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT
BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT THE RANGE
OF THE HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
CAPTURES DIFFERENT FOOD ACCESS
PROBLEMS THAT MAY REQUIRE AND DO
REQUIRE POLICY SOLUTIONS AND
ALSO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
HOUSEHOLD INSECURITY ARE
DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT PAT
OTHER THANS AND MAY RESPOND
DIFFERENTLY TO THE DIFFERENT
POLICIES.
SO IF YOU WANT TO LEARN A MORE
ABOUT THE POINTS I'M MAKING
HERE, I STRONGLY RECOMMEND YOU
TO WITH THIS PAPER THAT I
PUBLISHED, I PUBLISHED LAST
YEAR.
SO THE U.S. HOUSEHOLD FOOD
SECURITY SURVEY MODULE THAT WAS
OFFICIALLY RELEASED IN 1995 IN
THE U.S., IS DERIVED FROM BOTH
CONGRESS SCALE AND CHILD
COMMUNITY HUNGER EDUCATION
PROJECT BY RESEARCHERS AT
MASSACHUSETTS.
SO THE U.S. HOUSEHOLD FOOD
SECURITY SURVEY MODULE INCLUDES
18 ITEMS PLUS SOME FILTER
QUESTIONS, AND THEY ASK SOMEONE
IN THE HOUSEHOLD WHO IS
COGNIZANT ABOUT THE FOOD
INSECURITY OR SECURITY
SITUATION, QUESTIONS ABOUT
AMOUNT OF FOODS, ABOUT NOT ONLY
THE DIET, THE QUALITY OF THE
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF THE FOOD
AND THEY ESCORT THOSE IN
RELATIONSHIP TO WHAT IS
HAPPENING TO THE HOUSEHOLD AS A
WHOLE OR ADULTS IN THE
HOUSEHOLD, OR CHILDREN IN THE
HOUSEHOLD.
AND THEP EACH, A HOUSEHOLD GETS
A SCORE AND BASED ON
PREESTABLISHED CURRENT FUNDS
THEY CAN GET CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
SEVERITY OF FOOD INSECURITY.
THE HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
MODULE HAS BEEN ADOPTED
EXTENSIVELY THROUGH THE U.S.
CENSUS BUREAU, CURRENT
POPULATION SURVEY THROUGH THE
HEALTH SECTOR, THE NATIONAL
HEALTH AND APPRECIATION SURVEY,
THROUGH THE EDUCATION SECTOR
THROUGH THE EARLY CHILDHOOD
STUDY PROGRAM AND THERE ARE
OTHER SECTORS THAT ARE ALSO
INCLUDING IT IN THEIR SURVEYS
AND OF COURSE IT ALLOWED FOR AN
EXPLOSION OF RESEARCH AND
UNDERSTANDING THAT CAUSES THE
CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD INSECURITY.
THIS IS 1 OF THE SCALES THAT
HAVE BEEN VALIDATED THE MOST, I
WOULD SAY IN THE HISTORY OF
HUMAN KIND AND IS IT IS ITY IT
DOES HAVE EXCELLENT PSYCHOMETRIC
PREDICTIVE AND CONCURRENT
VALIDITY PROPERTIES.
AND VERY IMPORTANTLY WHAT WE ARE
TALKING ABOUT LESSONS LEARNED
THAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED ACROSS
COUNTRIES, IN FACT THE U.S.
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY MODULE
LED TO THE ADOPTION AND
VALIDATION OF VERY SIMILAR
SCALES IN DEFINITE PARTS OF THE
WORLD ESPECIALLY LOW AND MIDDLE
INCOME COUNTRIES THROUGH THE
FANTA PROJECT, IT WAS THE BASIS
FOR THE NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD
INSECURITY MEASUREMENT PRODUCT
THAT IN BRAZIL THAT LED TO THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND THEN THESE
SCALES COMBEANED ARE THE 1S FOR
THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE
LATIN AMERICAN AND FOOD
INSECURITY SCALE THAT WAS
ENDORSED BY THE REGIONAL OFFICE
OF [INDISCERNIBLE] CHILE AND
THEN BECAME THE SCALE THAT IS
USED TO FAO TO TRACT
[INDISCERNIBLE] 2.2.
SO IT'S FASCINATING TO SEE HOW
THE GLOBAL DISSEMINATION OF A
HOUSEHOLD PUTS SECURITY
MEASUREMENT SURVEY IS REALLY THE
GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF THE YEARS.
ALL OF THE SCALES THAT ARE
EXTENSIVELY AND PROPERLY TESTED
FOR CONSTRUCT BASE AND
PSYCHOMETRIC AND AMP FREE
RADICALS DICTIBILITY AND ALL
SCALES CORRELATE WELL WITH
MEASURES OF DIETARY AND
NUTRITION STATUS BIOMARKERS.
SO THE TRANSITION FROM ELCSA TO
FAO, I WAS ALSO PROUD TO BE PART
OF THIS AND TO REALLY SEE HOW
RAPIDLY IT DISSEMINATED ALL OVER
THE WORLD AND THROUGH THE
WORLD--THE GAL UP WORLD FOR
PUBLIC OPINION POLLS, SURVEYS,
IT HAS BEEN APPLIED TO MORE THAN
150 COUNTRIES.
SO WHAT ARE SOME OF THE RESEARCH
LESSONS THAT WE WORKED ON.
FIRST OF ALL, COUNTRIES ACROSS
THE WORLD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
UNDERSTAND FOOD INSECURITY
CONSEQUENCES, ESPECIALLY USING
EXPERIENCE BASED SCALES AND
DIETARY INTAKE ASSESSMENT IN
METHODOLOGIES AND TO SOME--TO
SOME EXTENT BIOMARKERS AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] AS WELL.
SO IN USA, AND BRAZIL AND MANY
OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE REALLY SHED
LIGHT ON FOOD INSECURITY AND THE
3-POINT BURDEN OF
UNDERNUTRITION, MICRONUTRITION
INEFFICIENCIES AND OTHERS AND AS
WELL AS NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
SUCH AS DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR
DIABETES, AND SO ON.
THERE HAS ALSO BEEN LIGHT SHED
IN SOME COUNTRIES THAT CAN BE
TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER 1 SO
THEY'RE UNDERSTANDING THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD
INSECURITY AND REPREVENTION OR
SELF-MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES.
SUCH AS HIV, IN MANY COUNTRIES
HAVE NOW CONDUCTED ANALYSIS OF
WHAT HAPPENED TO FOOD INSECURITY
AS A RESULT OF THAT COVID-19
PANDEMIC AND ALSO NOW THERE'S A
BIT OF DATA ACROSS DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP
WITH FOOD INSECURITY AND COMMON
CHILDHOOD COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
ESPECIALLY IN LOW AND MIDDLE
INCOME COUNTRIES.
AND FOOD INSECURITY SCALES IN
PARTICULAR ARE APPLIED TO DATA
SETS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE
CONSISTENTLY SHOWING HOW FOOD
INSECURITY NEGATIVELY AFFECTS
MENTAL HEALTH OF PEOPLE AND WHEN
IT COMES TO THE MENTAL HEALTH OF
WOMEN IT ALSO HELPS UNDERSTAND
WHY FOOD INSECURITY HAS BEEN SO
CONSISTENTLY IDENTIFIED AS A
MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR POOR EARLY
CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT.
SO THERE ARE APPLICATIONS ACROSS
COUNTRIES, ACROSS WORLD REGIONS
THAT I THINK COULD HELP TRANSFER
THESE RESEARCH AND DESIGNS,
INSTRUMENTS, UTILIZED TO ANSWER
1, FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TO
ADDRESS THESE SAME TYPES OF VERY
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN THEIR OWN
CONTEXT AND SETTINGS.
I WOULD SAY IN THE NEXT YEAR,
TELL BE DIFFICULT TO APPLY
DIFFERENT FOOD SECURITY METHODS
TO UNDERSTAND MUCH BETTER NOT
ONLY THE IF, BUT HOW FOOD
INSECURITIES APPLY TO CLIMATE
CHAISM AND PLANETARY HEALTH.
AND A VERY NEW EXCITING AREA OF
WORK IS THE WHOLE LINK BETWEEN
HOUSEHOLD INSECURITY AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] SECURITY, WE
ALSO HAVE WATER INSECURITY
SCALE, CALLED WISE, THAT HAVE
BEEN DEVELOPED FOR WATER
INSECURITY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
MANY ORGANIZATIONS AND NG Os
AND SO ON AND JUST FINDINGS FROM
MANY, MANY COUNTRIES NOW ARE
FINDING A CONSISTENT
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WHAT
HOUSEHOLD WATER INSECURITY AND
THE HOUSEHOLD FOR INSECURITY.
AND THEN, YOU KNOW IT IS ALSO
IMPORTANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
CLIMATE CHANGE IS LEADING
THROUGH HOUSEHOLD FOOD
INSECURITY AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD
INSECURITY CAN ALSO BE LEADING
TO CLIMATE CHANGE WHICH AT THE
END OF THE DAY IS I RELATIONSHIP
THAT NEEDS TO BE DISENTANGLED TO
REALLY UNDERSTAND HOW TO PREVENT
ENORMOUS HARM THAT WE ARE
CONTINUING TO INFLICT ON OUR
PLANET.
SO TO START CONCLUDING THIS PART
OF MY PRESENTATION, GLOBAL FOOD
INSECURITIES KEEP ACHIEVING THAT
SUSTAINABLE TWEPMENT GOALS, EACH
AND ALL OF THEM MEETING THESE AS
THIS IS CRUCIAL FOR REDUCING
FOOD INSECURITY AND WHAT WE ARE
NOW ALSO LEARNING IS THAT IT'S
NOT ONLY FOOD SECURITY BUT ALSO
HOUSEHOLD WATER SECURITY THAT
HAS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.
SO THIS RESEARCH IS IN ITS
INFANCY BUT I WOULD SAY IT'S OUR
NEXT FRONTIER THAT NEEDS TO BE
FURTHER CONSIDERED BY COUNTRIES
ALL OVER THE WORLD ON HOW TO USE
THE TOOLS THAT WE HAVE FOR
ASSESSING FOOD INSECURITY AND
WATER INSECURITY TO ACTUALLY
FIGURE OUT FOR A WAY TO
COORDINATE BETTER THE
GOVERNMENTS OF THESE 2 SECTORS
TO ACTUALLY IMPROVE THE HUMAN
AND PLANETARY HEALTH AT THE SAME
TIME.
SO WHEN IT COMES TO POLICIES,
AND PROGRAMS, FOOD INSECURITY
MEASURES, HAVE BEEN USED
ESPECIALLY FOOD INSECURITY, THE
EXPERIENCE BASE SCALES FOR
PROGRAM TARGETING INVOLVING THE
U.S. BRAZIL FOR POLICY AND
PROGRAM EVALUATIONS IN BOTH
COUNTRIES AS WELL, AND THEY
CAN--THE QUESTION IS IF THEY CAN
BE USED FOR IMPROVING FOOD
SECURITY PROGRAMS.
SO I HAVE WRITTEN EXTENSIVE
LOAMACY ON THIS TOPIC AND WE
HAVE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES WE COULD
GO OVER THE PANEL TIME IF YOU
ARE INTERESTED ON HOW THERE ARE
GOOD INDKAINGZS FOR FOOD
INSECURITY BASED SCALES CAN HELP
FOOD SECURITY WITH GOVERNMENTS.
AND IN PART IT'S BECAUSE THEY
GENERATE INDICATORS FOR
MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE AND
THIS IS HAPPENING IN THE U.S.,
IT IS HAPPENING IN--OVER LATIN
AMERICA BUT ALSO GLOBALLY
THROUGH THE FAO VOICES OF THE
HUNGRY, PROJECT BUT ALSO THROUGH
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VERY
INNOVATIVE MONITORING SUGGESTS,
AND FOOD SYSTEMS DASHBOARD THAT
NOW INCLUDES ON WHAT THE WORLD
EATS, PROJECT INDICATORS, AND
WHAT IS FASCINATING IS THAT THIS
IS A PROJECT THAT HAS JUST
RELEASED ITS FIRST SET OF
RESULTS, BASED ON THE LOW BURDEN
FOR COLLECTING VALID COMPARABLE
FOOD GROUP CONSUVENLINGS DATA IN
POPULATIONS ACROSS WORLD
SETTINGS AND IT IS VERY, VERY
PARALLEL, VERY SIMILAR TO THE
JUSTIFICATION AND THE APPROACH
THAT WAS USED TO ACTUALLY LAUNCH
THE FOOD IPT GREATER SECURITY
EXPERIENCE SCALE ALL OVER THE
WORLD FOR TRACKING AS WELL AS
RESEARCH FOR GOVERNMENTS TO USE
IT TO TARGET PROGRAMS AND ASSESS
THE EMPACT OF SOME OF THOSE--OF
THOSE POLICIES.
SO IN CONCLUSION, THERE IS A
CLEAR AND CONCISE DEFINITION OF
FOOD INSECURITY.
IT HAS BEEN IN PLACE FOR OVER 2
DECADES, DIFFERENT METHODS EXIST
FOR ASSESSING DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY FOOD INSECURITY.
THE BEST METHODS OF CHOICE NEED
TO BE SELECTED BASED ON THE
CONTEXT OF WHICH ARE THE
QUESTIONS WE'RE TRYING TO
ANSWER, THE RESOURCES THAT ARE
AVAILABLE AND THE TIME FRAME
THAT NEEDS TO BE--TO BE
ADDRESSED.
THE EXPERIENCE BASED FOOD
INSECURITY MEASURES DISSEMINATED
VERY RAPIDLY FROM THE USA TO THE
REST OF THE WORLD IN THE EARLY
2000S AND THIS TRULY BECAME A
GAME CHARGER IN WHOLE WORLD WHEN
IT CAME TO EMPOWERING DECISION
MAKERS AND INTERNATIONAL
AGENCIES AND SO ON TO REALLY BE
ABLE TO AND TO TRY TO GET
INDICATORS AND DO SOMETHING
ABOUT FOOD INSECURITY ACROSS
DIFFERENT SETTINGS.
MANY POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
DESEEN AND EVALUATION THROUGH
THE USE OF THESE METHODOLOGIES
AND THE MAIN REASON FOR THESE
WEBINAR IS BECAUSE THE TIME AS
COME FOR THIS EXTENSIVE
KNOWLEDGE TO BE SHARED ACROSS
COUNTRIES.
THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH FOR YOUR
ATTENTION.
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH RAFA.
IT WAS WONDERFUL ISSUES I WILL
NOW ASK DR. ALICIA COLE
MAN-JENSEN TO COME AND SPEAK.
SHE WILL BE SHARING OR SLIDES.
>>THAIRNG YOU.
CAN YOU HEAR ME SUSAN?
>>I CAN.
>>MY APOLOGIES TO EVERYONE, I'M
HAVING SOME TECHNICAL BAND WIDTH
ISSUES THIS MORNING SO, ALISHA
WILL BE SHARING MY SLIDES SO
THANK YOU FOR THAT, I'M ALISHA
COLEMAN-JENSEN AT USDA ECONOMIC
RESEARCH SERVICE AND I CONDUCT
FOOD SECURITY AND U.S. HOUSE
FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH AND
HOUSEHOLDS IN THE UNITED STATES.
AND LET ME BACK UP AND SAY FOR
THOSE OF YOU THAT AREN'T
FAMILIAR, THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH
SERVICE IS THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
RESEARCH AGENCY OF THE USDA.
AND WE--1 OF THE AREAS THAT WE
LEAD, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS
RESEARCH ON FOOD INSECURITY ON
U.S. HOUSEHOLDS WANT SO THANK
YOU FOR INVITING ME TO JOIN YOU
FOR THIS CONVERSATION TODAY AND
THANK YOU RAFAEL FOR THOSE
WONDERFUL PRESENTATION.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO RAFAEL GAVE A GREAT
INTRODUCTION OF FOOD INSECURITY
AND ALL OF THE DIFFERENT
MEASUREMENT METHODS, THE
DEFINITIONS, I JUST WANT TO
START OUT WITH THE USDA FOOD
SECURITY DEFINITION, SO THIS IS
WHAT WE'RE MEASURING WITH OUR
SURVEY AND SCALES.
FOOD INSECURITY MEANS SOME TIME
DURING THE YEAR TO PROVIDE
ADEQUATE FOOD FOR 1 OR MORE
MEMBERS BECAUSE OF A LACK OF
RESOURCES.
SO WE TYPICALLY ASK ABOUT THE
LAST 12 MONTHS SO A HOUSEHOLD
THAT'S FOOD INSECURE ANYTIME
DURING LAST 12 MONTHS, THEN IT
IS FOOD INSECURITY.
SO FOOD INSECURITY AND
PREDICATED ON NOT BEING ABLE TO
AFFORD FOOD.
VERY LOW FOOD INSECURITY IS
NORMAL EATING PATTERNS OF SOME
HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS WERE DISRUPTED
AT TIMES DURAN THE YEAR AND
THEIR FOOD INTAKE REDUCED
BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT AFFORD
ENOUGH FOOD.
SO DISRUPTED EATING PATTERNS
MEANS SKIPPING MEALS AND MORE
SITUATIONS GOING AN ENTIRE DAY
WITHOUT EATING.
AND THIS IS BASED ON THE EARLY
MEASURE FROM THE RATIMEERER
CORNELL HUNGER SCALE AND THE
CHILD HUNGER IDENTIFICATION
PROJECT.
SO THERE'S A SERIES OF SURVEY
QUESTIONS THAT FORM THE FOOD
SECURITY MODULE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
AND MEASURING HOUSEHOLD FOOD
SECURITY SO AS YOU'VE HEARD
ALREADY, USDA HAS BEEN
COLLECTING DATA ON HOUSEHOLD
FOOD INSECURITY FOR A NUMBER OF
YEARS SO WE HAVE A NICE LONG
TIME SERIES.
SO WHY ARE WE DOING THIS?
FIRST AND FOREMOST ASSESSING
WELL BEING IS AN IMPORTANT
ASPECT.
THE FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
THAT ARE RELEASED ANNUALLY ARE
USED BY POLICY MAKERS AND THEIR
STAFF, BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
INCLUDING FOR EXAMPLE, THE FOOD
IS NUTRITION SERVICE OF USDA,
THAT'S RESPONSIBLE FOR
ADMINISTERING THE FOOD AND
NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,
IT'S USED BY ANTIHUNGER ADVOCACY
GROUPS IN THEIR WORK.
IT'S USED BY ACADEMEC
RESEARCHERS AND OTHERS INCLUDING
THE MEDIA.
ASK IT'S IMPORTANT TO SORT OF
JUST ASSESS WELL BEING OVER TIME
AS AN IMPORTANT MEASURE OF
HARDSHIP AND OVERALL WELL BEING
THAT CAN AFFECT HEALTH AND MANY
OTHER ASPECTS OF PEOPLE'S LIVES.
IT'S ALSO USED TO RESEARCH THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICIES AND
PROGRAMS.
SO FOR EXAMPLE, TO UNDERSTAND
HOW USDA'S SUPPLEMENTAL
NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM OR
THE SNAP PROGRAM CAN IMPACT
OUTCOMES.
FOOD INSECURITY IS A KEY OUTCOME
THAT THRA PROGRAM IS TRYING TO
IMPROVE.
IT CAN ALSO BE USED TO
UNDERSTAND HOW CHANGES IN
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS MIGHT
AFFECT FOOD INSECURITY IN
DIFFERENT WAYS IF WE'RE TESTING
DIFFERENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.
AND THEN FINALLY RESEARCH TO
DETERMINANTS AND OUTCOMES.
SO DETERMINANTS ARE KEY FOR
UNDERSTANDING WHAT POLICY
SOLUTIONS MAY BE HELPFUL FOR
REDUCING FOOD INSECURITY.
WHAT FACTORS FOR HOUSEHOLDS, FOR
INDIVIDUALS, FOR COMMUNITIES,
FOR NATIONAL POLICY, FOR
ECONOMIC TRENDS, UNDERSTANDING
HOW ALL THOSE DIFFERENT FACTORS
COME TOGETHER TO AND THEN
UNDERSTANDING OUTCOMES IS EYE
REALLY GOOD WAY TO MOTIVATE WHY
WE KNOW ABOUT FOOD INSECURITY.
SO WE KNOW AS HAS ALREADY
PRESENTED THAT FOOD ISY RELATED
TO HEALTH OUTCOMES.
FOOD INSECURITY AFFECTS
CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
ANDASTS DIET AND OTHER
FABLGHTORS, SO, THERE ARE
IMPORTANT REASONS TO UNDERSTAND
HOW FOOD INSECURITY BOTH COMES
TO BE WITHIN A HOUSEHOLD ASK HOW
THAT RASKTS OTHERS.
THE FOOD SECURITY MODULES ARE
USED IN MANY OTHER DATA
COLLECTIONS AS RAFA MENTIONED A
NUMBER OF OF U.S. FEDERAL
SURVEYS, THEY'RE ALSO USED IN
SMALLER, VALUATIONS IS FOR
INSTANCE A FOOD AND NUCLEOTIDES
TREGZ DEPARTMENT MAY BE TEST
BEING CHANGES OR POLICIES TO
FOOD PROGRAMS AND THE FOOD
SECURITY MODULES CAN BE USED TO
MEASURE IMPACT AND THEN OF
COURSE FOOD SECURITY MEASUREMENT
MODULES ARE USED BY INDEPENDENT
RESEARCHERS AND THEIR STUDIES
BOTH IN THE U.S. AND GLOBALLY.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO THIS IS A GRAPHIC OF THE
PREVALENCE OF FOOD SECURITY AND
LOW FOOD SECURITY FROM 2001 TO
2021.
THE CPS FOOD SECURITY SUPPLEMENT
IS SPONSORED BY ERS AND
CONDUCTED BY THE CENSUS BUREAU
AND THIS IS THE SOURCE FOR
ANNUAL FEDERAL STATISTICS, YOU
CAN FIND ALL THE PAST REPORTS ON
THE ERS WEBSITE THERE.
THANK YOU, NEXT SLIDE.
SO IN ADDITION TO THE SDG GOALS
HAD WHICH RAFAEL ALREADY COVERED
QUITE NICELY, THE FOOD SECURITY
IS ALSO USED IN HEALTHY PEOPLE
2030.
SO THESE ARE U.S. GOALS, TO
TRACK HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF
THE U.S. POPULATION.
THERE ARE 2 GOALS, 1 IS TO
REDUCE--THERE ARE 2 FOOD
SECURITY GOALS, EXCUSE ME, 1 S&P
TO REDUCE HOUSEHOLD FOOD
SECURITY AND HUNGER THAT, IS
OBJECTIVE 1 AND IT'S BEEN
IDENTIFIED AS A LEADING HEALTH
INDICATOR WHICH IS IMPORTANT.
ONLY A SUBSET OF HEALTHY PEOPLE
GOALS ARE LEADING HEALTH
INDICATORS AND I THINK IT
RECOGNIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF
FOOD INSECURITY TO OVERALL
POPULATION HEALTH.
THERE'S A LOT OF RESEARCH
LATELY, AND THOSE WHO MAY HAVE
TUNED INTO THE WHITE HOUSE
CONFERENCE ON HUNGER AND
NUTRITION AND HEALTH, HEARD
ABOUT THESE MANY LINKAGES
BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND
HEALTH OUTCOMES AND HOW FOOD
INSURVEYS CURITY IS IMPORTANT TO
CHRONIC DEC AND OTHER FACTORS OF
HEALTH.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO WHAT'S ON THE HORRIZEON FOR
FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH.
I'M HIGHLIGHTING FOOD NUTRITION
SECURITY, I THINK THERE ARE MANY
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ON THE
HORIZON FOR FOOD INSECURITY
RESEARCH, THIS IS JUST 1 OF THEM
AND THIS IS A SCREEN SHOT ON THE
RIGHT HAND SIDE OF ERS'S
NUTRITION SECURITY RESEARCH
RESOURCES PAGE.
SO WE PULLED TOGETHER A NUMBER
OF DIFFERENT ERS RESEARCH
OUTPUTS THAT ARE RELATED TO
NUTRITION SECURITY THAT MAY BE
HELPFUL FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE
RESEARCHING THE TOPIC OR TRYING
TO UNDERSTAND IT MORE.
I THINK THIS IS REALLY AN AREA
WHERE WE CAN LEARN FROM GLOBAL
RESEARCH.
NUTRITION SECURITY WAS A TERM IN
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY
LITERATURE AND BEFORE IT WAS IN
THE WIDELY USED IN THE UNITED
STATESMENT WE CAN ALSO USE THE
FOOD SECURITY MEASUREMENT AS A
MODEL FOR NUTRITION SECURITY.
SO RAFAEL REALLY, REALLY NICELY
EXPLAINED KIND OF THE GENESIS OF
FOOD SECURITIES AND MEASURE IN
THIS LONG-TERM PROGRESSION AND
SORT OF EXPANSION TO DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES AND I THINK THAT'S
LARGELY BECAUSE THE FOOD
SECURITY MEASURE WAS
SCIENTIFICALLY BASED, BASED ON
EARLY RESEARCH STUDIES, YOU KNOW
TALKING TO PEOPLE, UNDERSTANDING
THEIR EXPERIENCES AND THEN BASED
ON AN UNDERLYING MEASUREMENT
MODEL THAT WAS WELL TESTED AND
HAS WITHSTOOD THE TEST OF TIME,
AND IT ALSO CAME TOGETHER FROM A
CONSENSUS FROM A LARGE GROUP OF
RESEARCHERS AND INPUT FROM
ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS,
RESEARCHERS IN NOT FOR PROVEIS
SETTINGS IN GOVERNMENT, THAT
REALLY CAME TOGETHER AND FORMED
REALLY A STRONG MODEL, TO
UNDERSTAND FOOD INSECURITY AND
SORT OF INSTITUTIONALIZE FOOD
INSECURITY MEASUREMENT WITHIN
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND ALSO
HELP GIVE CREDENCE TO THE
STRENGTH AND VALIDITY OF THE
MEASURE.
SO WE CAN USE THAT SORT OF
UNDERSTANDING OF THAT HISTORY TO
HELP US AS WE THINK ABOUT
NUTRITION SECURITY AND WORK ON
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK, MEASURES FOR FOOD
INSECURITY, A CONSENSUS
DEFINITION AND POTENTIALLY IN
THE FUTURE DEVELOP DATA AROUND
NUTRITION SECURITY.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
AND I JUST WANT TO HIGHLIGHT 1
PROJECT THAT ERS HAS FUNDED.
WE'VE MADE A LOT OF INVESTMENTS
IN INSURING HIGH QUALITY FOOD
SECURITY DATA.
THIS WAS A GRANT PROGRAM FUNDED
BY E RS AND FUNDED BY TUFTs,
WE FUNDED 6 PROJECTS AND I WANT
HIGHLIGHT 2 HERE THAT FOCUSED ON
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE IT SCALES
FOR SPECIFIC CONTEXTMENT SO
[INDISCERNIBLE] AT BOSTON
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH WATCH HAS
BEEN WORKING ON THE VALIDATION
OF AN ABBREVIATED CHILD AND
ADULT FOOD SECURITIES SCALE.
WITH THE ONSET OF THE PANDEMIC
WE REALIZED THE REAL IMPORTANCE
OF HAVING SHORTER MEASURES THAT
CAN BE REALLY RESPONSIVE IN A
LOT OF DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
AND WE HAD A SHORT FORM OF AN
ADULT FOOD SECURITY MODULE BUT
WE DIDN'T HAVE A SHORT FORM
TAKEN--THEY INCLUDED MEASURES
FOR CHILDREN.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT ADVANCEMENT
IN MAKING THE FOOD SECURITY
MEASURE MORE MALLEABLE AND
USEFUL IN CONTEXT WHEN WE REALLY
NEED TO GET TO KNOW CHILDREN
FOOD INSECURITY STATUS AS WELL.
AND THEN LAUREN CLAY, WHO WAS AT
D'YOUVILLE COLLEGE, AND HAS BEEN
DEVELOPING A DISASTER FOOD
SECURITY SCALE, THINGS LIKE
HURRICANES, EARTHQUAKES, GLOBAL
PAN DEMI, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
OF THAT NATURE BECAUSE FOOD
INSECURITY IN THOSE SITUATIONS
MAY NOT BE THE SAME AS FOOD
INSECURITY RELATED TO ECONOMIC
CONSTRAINTS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO JUST IN CONCLUSION WHEN WE
THINK ABOUT SHARING WORK
GLOBALLY, WE CAN THINK ABOUT
THESE BIG STUDIES LIKE THE FOOD
SECURITY MEASUREMENT MODULE,
EVENTUALLY INFLUENCING THE FOOD
INSECURITY INFLUENCE SCALE SO
THAT'S KIND OF LARGE SCALE, BUT
THE SMALL SCALE STUDIES CAN ALSO
BE REALLY IMPORTANT LIKE
DEMONSTRATION PILOT PROOF OF
CONCEPT ABOUT WHAT MIGHT WORK IN
DIFFERENT CONTEXT, AND SO I WILL
STOP THERE AND THAIRK YOU FOR
HAVING ME.
>>EXCELLENT.
THANK YOU RAFAEL AND ALISHA,
YOUR PRESENTATIONS TODAY.
AS SUSAN MENTIONED, I WILL BE
MODERATING TODAY'S DISCUSSION
AND JOINING US ARE 2 ADDITIONAL
PANELISTS THAT WE'RE EXCITED
ABOUT WE HAVE DR. JANELLE,
WALKER SCIENTIST ADMEN
STRAIGHTER AND THE OFFICE OF
HEALTH AND OFFICE OF DIRECTOR AT
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD
HEGHT AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
WE ALSO HAVE DR. EVY WOOD WHO IS
THE GLOBAL COORDINATOR AND YOU
THIS TRICIANIST OF GOVERNMENTAL
AFFAIRS AT USDA FOOD AND
NUTRITION SERVICE.
SO WELCOME BOTH JANELLE AND
YIBO, WHILE WE START, I HAVE A
SET OF QUESTIONS I WILL GO
THROUGH DURING THE DIG CUSHION,
I WANT TO ENCOURAGE EACH OF OUR
PAN WILLISTS TO ASK EACH OTHER
QUESTIONS THAT MAY COME UP IN
MIND DURING OUR DISCUSSION.
SO WITH THAT A QUESTION WE HAVE
FOR ALL THE PANELISTS IS WHAT DO
YOU SEE AS THE GAPS IN THE FOOD
INSECURITY SPACE AND WHAT ARE
THE PRIORITY RESEARCH AREAS SO
ALISHA AND RAFAEL OUTLINED THAT
IN THEIR PRESENTATION SO WELCOME
THAT QUESTION TO OUR OTHER
PANELISTS AS WELL.
PLEASE FEEL FREE TO JUST JUMP
RIGHT IN.
SO JANELLE, MAYBE YOU CAN START
US OFF ON THAT 1.
THANK YOU FOR THOSE
PRESENTATIONS, THOSE ARE GREAT
IN HIGHLIGHTING AREAS WHERE WE
NEED TO FOCUS.
--INCLUDING FOOD INSURVEYS
CURITY AND SHOWED A LOT OF GAPS
IN THOSE AREAS.
THE PURPOSE OF THE CONFERENCE
OVERALL WAS BETTER UNDERSTAND
THE RECENT ETICSIO LOGICAL AND
SOCIAL ECICOLOGICAL FACT ORS
CONTRIBUTING TO THE INCREASED
PREVALENCE OF THE DOUBLE BURDEN
OF MALNUTRITION SPECIFICALLY IN
AGES 3-18 YEARS IN LMICs AND
THROUGH THAT CONFERENCE, WE
EXPLORED THE EVIDENCE-BASED
INTERVENTIONS, IDENTIFIED
IMPORTANT RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND
WE'RE REALLY LOOKING TO ALSO
DISCUSS THE KNAPS AROUND THE
POLICY UMPLICATIONS TOWARDS
IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HEALTH
OUTCOMES VIEWED GLOBALLY AND
JUST STEPPING BACK 1 MOMENT TO
MALNUTRITION AND ALL ITS FORMS.
REALLY THE OUTCOMES ARE
REVEALING THAT THERE ARE
CRITICAL POINTS TO FOCUS ON AND
TARGET FOR WORLD WIDE
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
LOOKING AROUND MALNUTRITION AND
LOOKING AT THE DEFINITION, THE
TERMINOLOGY, WHETHER IT'S DOUBLE
OR TRIPLE BURDEN AND HOW THOSE
HAPPEN IN DIFFERENT CULTURES OR
ENVIRONMENTS AS WELL SO THAT
REVEALED A LOT OF GAPS IN THOSE
AREAS WE CAN FOCUS ON THAT WILL
STILL NEED TO BE TARGETED AS
FOOD INSECURITY AND HEAVILY
INFLUENCED BY MALNUTRITION AND
BIODIVERSE [INDISCERNIBLE].
>>AND RAFAEL MENTIONED THAT IS
ANOTHER KIND OF WAY TO ASSESS
FOOD INSECURITY LOOKING AT THOSE
BIOMETRICS AND OTHER MEASURES.
SO GREAT POINT.
SO YIBO, DO YOU HAVE ANY
THOUGHTS TO ADD ON THIS?
>>THANK YOU FOR THE
PRESENTATION, I THINK THE
INFORMATION IS VERY INFORMATIVE.
ONE THING AS I SEE IT, I THINK I
AM IN A PROGRAM AREA WITHIN THE
USDA AND WE WORK VERY CLOSELY
WITH ERS FOR EXAMPLE, USING
HAD-UTILIZING DATA TO ENHANCE,
YOU KNOW AND PERFECT OUR
PROGRAMS THAT CAN PREVENT THE
FOOD INSECURITY OR AT THE MOMENT
OF EMERGENCY PANDEMIC FOR
EXAMPLE THAT MAKE OUR PROGRAM
MORE SUITABLE TO ME, THE
PEOPLE'S NEEDS, SO THAT THEY
DON'T HAVE TO GO HUNGRY.
AS YOU KNOW, THAT A LOT OF OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH OTHER RESOURCES
AND PROGRAMS, YOU KNOW FAMINE
CAN HAPPEN, A LOT OF DISASTERS
CAN HAPPEN, BUT HERE IN THE
U.S., YOU KNOW WE ARE ABLE BY
AND LARGE KEEP PEOPLE, KEEP FOOD
INSECURITY AT BAY BY AND LARGE
BECAUSE OF THE SNAP PROGRAM.
SO I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO
LOOK AT SOME OF THE SOLUTIONS AS
RESEARCH TELLS US WHAT ARE THE
POPULATIONS HAVING PROBLEMS AND
HOW WE CAN BETTER COMBAT YOU
KNOW FINDING SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE
THOSE PROBLEMS.
>>EXCELLENT POINT YIBO, AND
FEEL FREE RAFAEL OR ALICIA FEEL
FREE TO ADD TO ADD ON TO THE
NEXT QUESTION.
>>CAN I REQUESTICALLY ADD
SOMETHING, TO TO ME IN TERMS OF
PRIORITIES, LIKE IT IS VERY
CLEAR THAT THE GLOBAL FOOD
SYSTEMS ARE VERY UNHEALTHY, WE
DON'T EAT PROCESSED FOOD, SUGAR
BEVERAGES AND SO ON AND THE
NUTRITION IS VERY DIFFICULT TO
ADDRESS NOWADAYS BECAUSE THAT IS
WHAT PEOPLE ARE HAVING ACCESS TO
PHYSICALLY IN TERMS OF PRICES
AND SO ON.
SO I THINK THE TRANSFORM EAGZ OF
THE CURRENT FOOD SYSTEMS IS A
HIGH PRIORITY AREA FOR RESEARCH,
FOR POLICY AND SO ON IN ORDER TO
ADDRESS THE, YOU KNOW FOOD
INSECURITY ON A COMPREHENSIVE
WAY AND ALONG THOSE LINES I
THINK WE MUST REMEMBER THAT THE
FITTER 1000 DAYS SHOULD BE
ENCLUEDED AS PART OF FOOD
SECURITY SYSTEMS, ISSUES RELATED
TO THE DIETARY ISSUES FACING
WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY.
LACTATING WOMEN COMPLIMENTARY
FOOTS AND ALL THOSE FESTER
QUEERS OF LIFE WHAT WE CALL THE
FIRST FOOD SYSTEMS SOMEHOW ARE
STILL BEING LEFT OUT OF POLICY
AGENDAS OF RESEARCH AGENDAS AND
SO ON.
AND I THINK THAT WE SHOULD
PRIORITIZE MORE THE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND BETTER FOOD SYSTEMS.
>>EXCELLENT POINT RAFAEL AND
ALSO THE FIRST POINT ABOUT THE
ABUNDANCE OF OVERPROCESSED FOODS
THAT TIES INTO THE NUTRITION
SECURITY HELIOS POSITIVE
MENTORSHIP SKILL THAT ALISHA
MENTIONED TOWARDS THE LATTER
PART OF HER PRESENTATION, SO
THANK YOU FOR RAISING THAT
POINT.
SO THE NEXT QUESTION WE HAVE IS
WHAT CAN THE U.S. LEARNED FROM
THE GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY
RESEARCH AND VICE VERSA WHAT CAN
THE GROABAL FOOD INSECURITY
RESEARCH LEARN FROM THE U.S.,
POLICIES, PROGRAMS THAT THEY'RE
DEVELOPING TO ADDRESS FOOD
INSECURITY.
WE WELCOME OUR PANELISTS TO
SHARE THEIR THOUGHTS ON THAT.
>>WELL, I CAN BEGIN.
I KNOW THERE'S A LOT IN THAT
AREA AND 1 THING I DID ALSO WANT
TO HIGHLIGHT WAS THAT NICHD DOES
HAVE THE BOND KIDS PROJECT WHICH
IS LOOKING AT A LOT OF THIS AND
PERHAPS THAT'S AN AREA WHERE
OTHER COUNTRIES CAN FEED OFF OF
WHAT'S BEING DONE AND A BOND
PROJECT AS BIOMARKERS FOR
INDICATING DIETARY SUFFICIENCY
SO IT'S LOOKING TO BUILD ON THAT
FIRST THOUSAND DAYS OF LIFE THAT
DR. PEREZ-ESCAME LLA WAS TALKING
ABOUT AND THIS IS LED BY OUR
PEDIATRIC GROWTH AND NUTRITION
BRANCH AND THE WHOLE PRONG
ECTOMYOSIN WAS ORGANIZED BY
DR. DAN [INDISCERNIBLE], AND
IT'S LOOKING AT THOSE NUTRITION
BIOMARKERS AND FOCUSES ON SCHOOL
AGE CHILDREN SO PERHAPS THERE
ARE SOME SYNERGYS AND THINGS
THAT CAN COME FROM THAT AS IT'S
FOCUSED DOMESTICALLY AND
GLOBALLY, AND ALSO LOOKING AT
THE NUTRITION ENTERPRISES AND
FOOD INSECURITY SO THERE MAY BE
AREAS UP THERE OF OVERLAP AND
WHERE WE CAN HAVE SOME
RECIPROCAL SYNERGYS AROUND THAT.
>>EXCELLENT.
ANY OTHER THOUGHTS, I SEE SOME
HEAD NODS.
>>SO I JUST WANT TO ADD THAT
THE U.S. IS ALREADY LEARNING
QUITE A BIT FRANCIS COLLINS
LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER LOWER
INCOME COUNTRIES, HOW POWERFUL
ASPECT OBESITY POLICIES CAN BE
WHEN THEY ARE IMPLEMENTED BY
GOVERNMENTS BASED ON STRONG
ADVOCACY EFFORTS IN THE
COUNTRIES.
SO IT IS VERY ENCOURAGING TO SEE
THAT IN THE NEW WHITE HOUSE
STRATEGY ON HUNGER AND
NUTRITIONAL HEALTH FOR THE
COUNTRY, THEY ARE ADDRESSING FOR
EXAMPLE, THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING
THE TRANSPARENCY IN THE LABELING
OF THE PACKAGES FOR EXAMPLE.
ALSO, SOME AREAS IN THE U.S.,
SOME TOWNS, SOME CITIES HAVE NOW
USED ALSO THE TECHNIQUE OF THE
SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGES TAXES
AND SO ON.
SO I THINK THAT WHAT THE U.S.
CAN LEARN IN TERMS OF IMPROVING
ALSO PUTS SECURITY THROUGH
CONSUMER PROTECTION MEASURES,
WE'RE LEARNING A LOT FROM WHAT
IS HAPPENING, FROM WHAT IS
HAPPENING ABROAD AND THE OTHER
WAY AROUND, I MEAN I JUST THINK
THAT THE ENORMOUS CONTRIBUTION
THAT THE U.S. HAS MADE TO THE
U.S. COUNCIL FOOD SECURITY
SURVEY MODULE AND ILLUSTRATING
HOW WE CAN BED INCORPORATED INTO
A VERY POWERFUL FOOD INSECURITY
MONITORING SYSTEM HAS REALLY
OPENED THE FLOOD GATES FOR MANY
COUNTRIES ABROAD TO UNDERSTAND
HOW IT CAN BE DONE.
>>EXCELLENTMENT YEAH, GREAT
POINT RAFAEL, IT'S ACTUALLY AT
OBESITY WEEK IN SAN DIEGO AND
ATTENDED A SESSION FROM AN
INDIVIDUAL FROM MEXICO AND THEIR
PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT TALKING
ABOUT FOOD MARKETING TO CHILDREN
PARTICULARLY AROUND ULTRA
PROCESSED FOOD AND ELIMINATING
THESE CARTOONS IN THAT
ADVERTISING AS WAY TO ADDRESS
OBESITY IN THOSE CONTEXT.
SO EXCELLENT POINTS THERE.
ANY OTHER THOUGHTS OR QUESTIONS
OF THE PANELISTS IF THEY WANT TO
SHARE WITH OTHER PANELISTS?
AGAIN WANT THIS TO BE AS
INTERACTIVE AS POSSIBLE BUT ALSO
HAVE A SET OF QUESTIONS THAT I
CAN ALSO GO THROUGH.
>>SO I JUST WANT TO ASK
JENELLE, SENTENCE I TOTALLY
AGREED WAS AN INCREDIBLY
IMPORTANT CONFERENCE, THE 1 ON
CHILDREN ADOLESCENCE AND THE
DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION
AND WERE THERE ANY LESSONS
JENELLE THAT WERE LEARNED FROM
THAT, A VERY GLOBAL
REPRESENTATION FOR THE U.S. ON A
WAY FORWARD?
ON HOW TO ENGEAJ MORE
ADOLESCENCE IN THE SIGN OR
PROGRAMS OR POLICY THAT MAY HELP
THEIR AGE GROUP TO REALLY
PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MALNUTRITION EMPLOY.
>>AH, YES, QUITE A FEW LESSONS
LEARNED THAT WE'RE STILL GOING
THROUGH AS WELL, BUT
SPECIFICALLY WITH ADOLESCENCE, I
WAS THINKING ABOUT YOUR
PRESENTATION THAT YOU GAVE
DURING THE CONFERENCE AND,
REALLY YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT HOW
ADOLESCENCE, THEY KNOW A BIT
ABOUT THE HEALTHY FOODS AND
NONHEALTHY FOODS AND THE JUNK
FOODS THAT ARE PRESENTED AND HOW
THAT FEEDS INTO FOOD INSECURITY.
BUT REALLY WE NOTICED THAT THE
FIRST THOUSAND DAYS OF LIFE,
YES, IS NOT HIGHLIGHTED AS MUCH
BUT THE 7 [INDISCERNIBLE] DAYS
OF LIFE SO HOW DO WE MERGE THIS,
SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS OF LIFE
AND NOT LEAVE ALL OF THOSE
COMPONENTS OUT.
AND NICHD IN GENERAL WE LOOK AT
THE WHOLE SPAN OF LIFE FROM
CONCEPTION ALL THE WAY THROUGH.
AND SO, IT'S JUST REALLY BEEN AN
IDEA OF HOW DO WE LOOK AT THIS
IN ALL OF THESE AREAS, HOW DO WE
LOOK AT THIS FROM A MULTIFACETED
APPROACH.
ONE OF THE MAJOR THINGS WE
LEARNED IS THAT FOCUSING ON
THESE, WHY WE HAVE THESE, THE
REASON WHY WE LOOK AT THE SOCIAL
ECOLOGICAL MODEL AS A BASE IS
THAT WE REALLY CAN'T FOCUS ON
THESE SPECIFIC AREAS ALONE AND
HAS TO BE A TOTAL APPROACH AND
THEN WHILE IT HAS TO BE A TOTAL
APPROACH TO IT, IT ALSO HAS TO
LOOK AT HOW WE IMPLEMENT IT, SO
THE WHOLE--IT'S A COMPONENT.
I KNOW WE HAVE 1 OF THE
WEBINARS, WE HAVE THAT, BECAUSE
WE HAVE ALL THE EVIDENCE BASED
INTERVENTIONS IN THE WORLD BUT
IF WE CAPTAIN IMPLEMENT THEM,
THAT'S WHERE THE CHALLENGE COMES
AND THEN ALSO, WITHIN DIFFERENT
CULTURES AND CONTEXTS, 1 OF THE
MAJOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
LEARNED IS THAT WHILE LOOKING AT
DOUBLE BURDEN MALNUTRITION AS
SOME OF OUR RESEARCHERS AND
STAFF SET AS A SINGLE MONOLITH
IS AN ERROR AND WE REALLY NEED
TO LOOK AT IT FROM A
MULTIFACETED APPROACH AND HOW DO
WE CONNECT THAT TO DIFFERENT
CULTURES AND ENVIRONMENTS
SPECIFICALLY SEEING THE ISSUES
THAT ARE INCREASING IN THE
LMICs SO, THEREY'S QUITE A FEW
THINGS THERE BUT OVERALL NOT
LOOKING AT THE MONOLITH AND
REALLY TAKING OUT MULTIFACETED
APPROACH AND HOW DO WE LOOK AT
OVER THE LIFE SPAN AS A WHOLE
VERSUS INDIVIDUALLY.
>>EXCELLENT.
THANK YOU JANELLE.
>>CAN I QUICKLY MAKE 2-POINTS,
FIRST I THINK IT'S VERY
IMPORTANT TALKING ABOUT FIRST
THOUSAND DAYS AND FIRST 7000
DAYS AND I THINK NUTRITION IS A
CONTINUAL NEED IS SUPPORT.
WE AFTER 7000 DAYS YOU STILL GO
UP TO PROUCTIVE ADULTS AND GO TO
ELDERLY SECURITY, NUTRITION
SUPPORT IS ONGOING, SO WE CAN'T
OVERLOOK 1 AND FORGET ABOUT
OTHER.
IT'S A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH.
SECONDLY, I ALSO WANT TO MENTION
ON ULTRA PROCESSED FOODS,
THERE'S A LOT TO TALK ABOUT
PROCESSED FOODS VERSUS ULTRA
PROCESSED FOODS MPLET I THINK IN
ORDER TO DIRECT CONSUMERS, YOU
KNOW WE NEED TO HAVE OUR
RESEARCH TO BETTER DEFEIGN OW TO
PROCESS, I DON'T KNOW IF WHETHER
WE HAVE A GLOBAL DE NOVO
DEFINITION IS NOT REALLY LOOKING
AT NUTRIENT CONTENT FOR EXAMPLE,
AND I THINK FOR FOOD SECURITY
PROCESSING FOOD SYSTEM VERY
INFORMATIVE, WE WILL NOT ALWAYS
HAVE ACCESS TO FRESH FOODS, SO
FOODS NEED TO BE PROCESSED FOR 1
PART AVOID THE FOOD LOSS AND
WASTE, SO WE NEED TO PRESERVE
THESE FOODS TO CONSUM IN A
NUTRITIONAL WAY, SO I THINK
THAT'S SOMETHING REALLY NEEDED
FOR RESEARCH COMMUNITY TO TAKE A
CLOSE LOOK AT THE DEFINITIONS
AND THAT IMPACT WHERE WE DRAW
THE LINE IN TERMS OF PROCESSED
FOODS, VERSUS ULTRA PROCESSED
FOODS AND AVOID THE PUBLIC'S
MISCONCEPTION THAT WE HAVE TO
EAT EVERYTHING FRESH, IF IT'S
PROCESSED FROM A BOX THAT'S
UNHEALTHY AND THAT'S PROBABLE
NOT TRUE.
>>EXCELLENT POINT YIBO.
SO THE IMPORTANCE OF INCIDENCE
OF THE LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE,
YES, 1000 DAYS AND CRITICAL BUT
ALSO ELDERLY ADULTS AND SO
FORTH, THERE ARE OTHER KEY
DEMOGRAPHICS WE SHOULD CONSIDER
AND THEN MEETING SOME CLEAR
DEFINITION AROUND ULTRA
PROCESSED FOODS, IN THE GLOBAL
CONTEXT AND HERE DOMESTICALLY.
SO EXCELLENT POINT.
>>SO WE HAVE 1 MORE QUESTION
AND TIME FOR 1 MORE QUESTION.
SO HOW CAN WE CONTINUE TO
CONNECT FOOD INSECURITY RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS ACROSS
THE GLOBE?
YOU KNOW WHAT CAN WE DO TO
CONTINUE THIS SHARED LEARNING
BETWEEN THE U.S. CONTEXT AND THE
GLOBAL CONTEXT.
>>WEBINARS LIKE THIS.
>>EXACTLY.
>>THAT'S THE WHOLE PURPOSE OF
THIS WEBINAR SERIES.
YEAH.
>>EXACTLY.
WE DON'T WANT TO OPERATE IN
SILOS, WE WANT TO DISCUSS WHAT'S
HAPPENING IN THIS CONTEXT,
WHAT'S HAPPENING IN ANOTHER AND
WHAT OUR SHARED LEARNINGS THAT
CAN BE APPLIED IN THOSE SPECIFIC
CONTEXT.
ANY OTHER THOUGHTS BEFORE WE
CLOSE?
WELL, WITH THAT, I REALLY WANT
TO THANK ALL OF OUR PANELISTS,
THANKS SUSAN AND THE ORGANIZING
COMMITTEE FOR PULLING THIS
WEBINAR TOGETHER, THIS IS A
GREAT FIRST STEP TO THE WEBINAR
SERIES SO I WILL PASS IT OVER TO
SUSAN NOW TO CLOSE US OFF AND
HIGHLIGHT WHAT'S TO COME FOR THE
SERIES.
>>EXCELLENT, WELL, THANK YOU TO
ALL OF OUR SPEAKERS AND
PANELISTS AND I CAN'T SAY
ENOUGH.
YOU KNOW VERY NICELY ACTUALLY
WRAPPED THAT UP, YOU KNOW
SPLENDIDLY IN TERMS OF THE POINT
OF THIS WEBINAR SERIES AND EVEN
WHAT I THINK WE GOT OUT OF THIS
FIRST 1.
YOU KNOW I THINK FOR ANYBODY, IF
THIS HAS SPARKED ANY IDEAS, I
ENCOURAGE TO YOU LOOK AT THE
NOSI TO STIMULATING WERE AND
ADDRESS HUNGER, FOOD AND
NUTRITION INSECURITY.
IT HIGHLIGHTS 11 ANNOUNCEMENTS
FROM 11 NIH
EN--STRATEGIESITUTES, CENTERS
AND OFFICES.
I ALSO WANT TO MENTION THE
RECORDING OF TODAY'S SESSION AND
ALL WEBINARS WILL BE POSTED
AFTER THE SERIES IS OVER.
PLEASE JOAN US FOR OUR SECOND
WEBINAR IN THIS SERIES, TELL
TAKE PLACE NEXT THURSDAY, THE
TENTH AT 10 AMEASTERN TIME.
THIS 1 WILL BE ON LEVERAGING
FOOD ENVIRONMENTS FOR FOOD AND
NUTRITION INSECURITY LED BY
DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM THE
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, IT WILL
DISCUSS ROLE OF FOOD ENSURVEYS
CURITY IN HOME AND GOVERNMENTS
AND FOOD ENVIRONMENT
INTERVENTIONS ACROSS MULTIPLE
REGIONS THAT ADDRESS EQUITY
ACCESS DISPARITY AND
SUSTAINABILITY.
I REALLY HOPE CAN YOU JOAN US
ALL THEN AND THANK YOU AGAIN TO
ALL OF OUR SPEAKERS AND THAIRNG
-THANK YOU TO EVERYONE
WHO'S JOINED US.