1 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:10,480 >>WELCOME TO DAY 3, THE FINAL 2 00:00:10,480 --> 00:00:15,240 DAY OF A VERY LONG SUMMIT. I 3 00:00:15,240 --> 00:00:18,680 THINK THAT IT HAS BEEN PRETTY 4 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:24,120 GOOD. 5 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,440 I WILL GIVE A LITTLE BRIEF 6 00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:36,600 INTRODUCTION 7 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:41,840 WHERE WE ARE GOING. 8 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,880 THERE WE ARE. OKAY. WE HAVE 9 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:46,360 GONE THROUGH THE FIRST SIX 10 00:00:46,360 --> 00:00:48,880 SESSIONS. I WON'T TRY TO 11 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:49,920 INTERPRET TOO MUCH BUT WILL JUST 12 00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:51,560 LET YOU KNOW WHAT HAS BEEN 13 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:53,520 HAPPENING AND CATCHING UP FOR 14 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:55,920 THOSE THAT ARE JOINING. WE 15 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:57,720 STARTED WITH HEALTH DISPARITIES, 16 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:03,160 WHICH IS BASED ON A FRAMEWORK 17 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:06,600 THAT WAS DEVELOPED AT NIA AND 18 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:08,320 ADAPTED AND MODIFIED AND 19 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:11,240 EXPANDED AND IS EVOLVING WITH 20 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:15,440 OTHER NIH INSTITUTES. 21 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:25,880 IT COVERS PRETTY MUCH. 22 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:34,520 THIS ONE. RIGHT. IT COVERS 23 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:36,760 MULTIPLE DOMAINS OF RESEARCH AND 24 00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:38,920 LIFE AND IS GOOD THAT THOSE ARE 25 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:41,240 RELATED. ONE THING WE ALSO HAVE 26 00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:43,800 TO BE CAUTIOUS ABOUT IS THAT 27 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:46,800 INPUT DATA IS ALSO IMPACTED BY 28 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:47,720 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND KNOW 29 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:51,440 ABOUT THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF 30 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:53,840 MISDIAGNOSIS AND DELAYED 31 00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:56,400 DIAGNOSIS AND DELAYED TREATMENT 32 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:58,840 DEPEND WRG ARE YOU IN THE US AND 33 00:01:58,840 --> 00:02:01,880 OTHER COUNTRIES AND WE HAVE -- 34 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:05,120 IT WAS POINTED OUT WE ARE 35 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:07,440 FOCUSING ON SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE. 36 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:10,680 WE, OF COURSE, DON'T KNOW WHAT 37 00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:12,960 THE LAGS WOULD BE BETWEEN SOCIAL 38 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:14,960 DISADVANTAGE OVER THE LIFE 39 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,080 COURSE RELATIVE TO CLIMATE 40 00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:21,280 FUNCTION AND WHERE AT ANY POINT 41 00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:24,440 WE COULD HAVE AN IMPACT OF VERY 42 00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:25,840 MAGNITUDE OF HOW MUCH TIME GOES 43 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:29,720 BY BETWEEN THE IMPACT OF THAT 44 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,720 DISPARITY OR DISCRIMINATION OR 45 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:37,720 OTHER INFLUENCE. AND WHAT IS 46 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:39,480 THE LAG BETWEEN THE IMPACT AND 47 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:43,240 THE OUTCOME. IT WAS ALSO 48 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:45,200 POINTED OUT WE HAVEN'T THOUGHT 49 00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:47,320 ABOUT SOCIAL ADVANTAGE AS MUCH. 50 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:51,200 MAYBE THAT IS TRUE WHERE THERE 51 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:56,600 MAY BE LITTLE TO NO IMPACT. NO 52 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:59,160 IMPACT OR LITTLE IMPACT OR 53 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:00,440 SOCIAL ADVANTAGE THAT MIGHT 54 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,040 ACTUALLY TAKE WHAT WOULD BE A 55 00:03:03,040 --> 00:03:04,840 TOXIC STRESS IN ONE SITUATION 56 00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:08,480 AND MAKE IT A HER METTIC STRESS 57 00:03:08,480 --> 00:03:11,920 IN ANOTHER AND IS AN OPTION BUT 58 00:03:11,920 --> 00:03:14,520 NOT A FACT. THEN WE LOOK AT 59 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:16,600 POPULATIONS AND AMONG MANY KEY 60 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,760 ISSUES IS HETERO JENAETY IN 61 00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:22,360 POPULATIONS AND THE ADVANTAGES 62 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:28,600 OF OR HOW THE BIOLOGY OF AGING 63 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:29,800 CERTAINLY PASSES. 64 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:31,800 ALSO, THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL 65 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:35,080 FEATURES OF AGING AND THERE IS 66 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:37,080 UNIQUE FEATURES FROM SEINE 67 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:39,480 CONTINUARIANS AND A LOT OF 68 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:40,880 ALLELIC VARIANTS AND WHAT ARE 69 00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:45,520 COMPLEX TRAITS THAT ARE AGING 70 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:47,360 AND HAS COMPLEX TRAITS AND 71 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:49,120 LOOKING AT INDIGENOUS 72 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:50,440 POPULATIONS THAT SHOULD LEAD US 73 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:52,840 TO THINK THAT OUR REFERENCE 74 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:54,760 POINT OF INDUSTRIALIZED 75 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:57,080 SOCIETIES AND COUNTRIES. 76 00:03:57,080 --> 00:03:59,360 WHILE IT IS IMPORTANT, IT IS NOT 77 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,360 THE ONLY PERSPECTIVE ONE COULD 78 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:03,120 TAKE AND THERE IS A GREAT DEAL 79 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:06,560 TO LEARN ABOUT POPULATIONS THAT 80 00:04:06,560 --> 00:04:08,400 ARE CLOSER TO OUR EVOLUTIONARY 81 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,120 HISTORY. THERE ARE QUESTIONS 82 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:11,560 ABOUT POPULATIONS THAT HAVE 83 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:14,680 APPEARED TO HAVE ACCELERATED 84 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:17,120 AGEING THAT ALWAYS GOES BACK TO 85 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,680 WHO IS YOUR REFSHS POPULATION. 86 00:04:20,680 --> 00:04:23,360 IF WE HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO LOOK 87 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:24,600 AT EVERYBODY THAT IS THE 88 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:25,920 REFERENCE POPULATION AND FILTING 89 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:28,440 INTO THAT GROUP AND QUESTIONS OF 90 00:04:28,440 --> 00:04:32,600 HETERO JENAETY LOOKING IN ANY 91 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:36,600 POPULATION AND INBRED STRAINS 92 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:38,640 THAT ARE HOMO-JENAICALLY 93 00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:40,120 POSSIBLE AND DEATH BEGINS IN THE 94 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,920 FIRST QUARTER OF LIFE AND OVER 95 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:44,480 THE LIFESPAN AND MAXIMUM 96 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:46,440 LIFESPAN SO IT COULD BE AS BROAD 97 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:50,040 AS 2/3 TO 3/4 OF THE LIFESPAN 98 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:52,520 THAT IS LOTS OF HETERO JENAETY 99 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:54,840 IN TERMS OF TIME OF DEATH. 100 00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:58,840 THEN, YOU KNOW, IN THE SECOND 101 00:04:58,840 --> 00:05:01,280 JERO SCIENCE SUMMIT WE ASKED 102 00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:02,640 QUESTIONS ABOUT RELATIONSHIP 103 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:04,440 BETWEEN DISEASES AND DRIVERS OF 104 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:06,360 AGING THAT HAS BEEN EXPANDED, 105 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:09,120 ESPECIALLY IN THE AREA OF AGING 106 00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:11,080 AND RISK FOR CANCER AND 107 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:12,960 TREATMENTS THAT MIGHT BE 108 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:14,000 ACCELERATING AGENT. 109 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:19,480 WE LOOKED AT MULTI-MORBIDITIES 110 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,800 AND GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND 111 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:24,240 ESPECIALLY IN INCIPIENT 112 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:27,520 MORBIDITIES THAT ARE REALLY OF 113 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:30,040 CONCERN IN POPULATIONS WHERE 114 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:32,760 ADDITIONAL MORBIDITY PILES ON 115 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:36,160 AND HAVING ONE CONDITION SEEMS 116 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:38,000 TO LEAD TO OTHERS WHETHER THEY 117 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:42,240 ARE RELATED IN WAYS THAT MAKES 118 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:43,200 SENSE IF BIOLOGICALLY OR IS 119 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:45,320 SIMPLY WEARING DOWN THE WHOLE 120 00:05:45,320 --> 00:05:49,240 SYSTEM THAT MAKES SENSE IN AGING 121 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:49,760 BIOLOGY. 122 00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:54,080 BUT, THE MULTI-MORBIDITIES IN 123 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,120 GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND EMERGING 124 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,920 PROPERTIES WASN'T STATED AND I'M 125 00:05:59,920 --> 00:06:02,640 PUTTING IN OWN PERSPECTIVE THAT 126 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:05,560 PROPERTIES RISE FROM COMPLEXITY 127 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:08,400 OF THE NETWORK. 128 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:10,600 AGING TRAITS ARE HIGHLY COMPLEX 129 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:13,080 AND AS LIFE, THEY ARE EMERGING 130 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:14,920 PROPERTIES AND THERE IS A 131 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,040 DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE TO BUILD AN 132 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:18,680 ORGANISM AND AFTER THE ORGANISM 133 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:21,360 IS BUILT, IT HAS TO BE 134 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:22,880 MAINTAINED AND BIOLOGY OF 135 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:26,200 DEVELOPMENT AND BIOLOGY OF 136 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:28,680 MAINTENANCE AS THEY BECOME LESS 137 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:30,200 ORGANIZED, IF YOU WILL. 138 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:33,120 THAT CONTRIBUTES TO MANY OF THE 139 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:33,800 AGING CHANGES. 140 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:37,240 WE COULD ACTUALLY SEE HOW 141 00:06:37,240 --> 00:06:38,240 BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS CHANGE. IT 142 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:41,240 IS IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT 143 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:43,560 THOSE IN TERMS OF MULTIPLE TIME 144 00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:45,480 SCALES THAT PART OF THAT IS 145 00:06:45,480 --> 00:06:49,360 ILLUSTRATED IN HOW YOU WOULD 146 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:51,360 COMPARE STAGES OF LIFE ACROSS 147 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:53,760 ORGANISMS THAT COMPARE AND 148 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:55,800 COMPARISONS ARE NOT NECESSARILY 149 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:57,480 LINEAR. YOU HAVE TO ASK LOOKING 150 00:06:57,480 --> 00:06:59,400 AT ANIMALS OTHER THAN HUMANS 151 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,200 WHAT YOU ARE MODELING ASKING FOR 152 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:06,160 ONE TO ONE CORRESPONDENCE IN 153 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:08,560 GENETICS AND GENOTYPES RELATED 154 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:10,480 TO AGING AND EXPERIMENT AND WHAT 155 00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:13,960 ARE LIMITATIONS FOR EXPERIMENT 156 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:15,720 AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR YOUR 157 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:18,880 CLOCKS AND OTHER QUESTION WOULD 158 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:21,480 BE IN LABORATORY ANIMALS LOOKING 159 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:25,760 AT SITUATIONS THAT MIGHT BE 160 00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:28,640 SOMEWHAT UNUSUAL PROTECTED FROM 161 00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:30,080 PATHOGENS THAT EVERYBODY ELSE IS 162 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:33,480 EXPOSED TO AND NOTHING IS 163 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:37,360 PERFECT TO PUT IT MILDLY. YOU 164 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:43,360 CAN MEASURE HEALTH. THAT IS NOT 165 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:49,160 A QUESTION WE MEAN BY THAT 166 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:51,480 GENERAL IDEAS OF HEALTH AND 167 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,320 GOING TO PHYSICIAN IN 80S FIRST 168 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:56,160 THING TO DO WAS THEY WOULD COME 169 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:58,840 IN AND LOOK AT ME AND WAS 170 00:07:58,840 --> 00:08:01,040 INITIAL ASSESSMENT AND ALLOWED 171 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:03,320 ME TO LOSE WEIGHT AND LOOK AT 172 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:05,040 SPECIFIC HEALTH ASSESSMENTS AND 173 00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:06,880 HOW THEY MIGHT APPLY TO 174 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:08,840 INDIVIDUALS AND SPECIFIC 175 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:10,320 POPULATIONS AND NOT EVERY 176 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:11,920 POPULATION IS SAME BURDEN OF 177 00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:17,360 DISEASE OR CONCERNS ABOUT AGING. 178 00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:19,360 OTHER QUESTIONS, OF COURSE, ARE 179 00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:21,480 TO ACCOUNT FOR WHAT FEATURES OF 180 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:23,640 AGING AS THEY ARE IMPACTED BY 181 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:25,920 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 182 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:28,240 THAT IS A VERY THORNY PROBLEM 183 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:30,040 BUT NECESSARY ONE TO APPROACH 184 00:08:30,040 --> 00:08:32,600 AND WORKING ACROSS SPECIES TO 185 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:33,480 UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS AND 186 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:38,200 INTERVENTION THAT IS ESSENCE OF 187 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:39,480 TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND 188 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:41,280 ESSENCE OF GEROSCIENCE. 189 00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:44,080 MODEL AND AGING, WE KNOW PRETTY 190 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,320 MUCH WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR IN 191 00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:49,720 TERMS OF INTERACTIONS LANDSCAPE 192 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:53,360 AND MULTIPLE PHENOTYPES CONVERGE 193 00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:55,640 IN SPECIES SPEAKING AND 194 00:08:55,640 --> 00:08:58,200 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND AGE 195 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:00,600 AND AGING AND METRICS, WHEN YOU 196 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:02,960 ARE LOOKING AS I THINK WAS 197 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:05,280 ILLUSTRATED WITH EPI GENETIC 198 00:09:05,280 --> 00:09:07,080 CLOCKS, MOTIVATION WAS LOOKING 199 00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:10,280 AT EPIGENETICS IN RELATION TO 200 00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:12,200 SPECIFIC DISEASE AND LOOKING AT 201 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:16,920 AGING, AGE BECOMES A PREDOMINANT 202 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:19,560 PARAMETER AND WE HAVE ITERATIVE 203 00:09:19,560 --> 00:09:20,640 REFINEMENT THAT IS IN PRESENCE 204 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:23,400 OF INTERVENTIONS AND 205 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:24,560 INTERVENTIONS EXTENDING LIFESPAN 206 00:09:24,560 --> 00:09:26,800 WITH ASSUMPTION THAT LIFESPAN IF 207 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:31,000 INCREASED HEALTH MIGHT INCREASE 208 00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,520 THAT IS NOT UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED 209 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:35,320 AND EVIDENCE FALLS ON BOTH 210 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:38,840 SIDES, ACTUALLY. HEALTH MIGHT 211 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:40,600 BE IMPROVED BY INTDVENTION 212 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:42,080 EXTENDING POPULATION LIFESPAN 213 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:44,440 AND MIGHT BE IT PROLONGS THE 214 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:48,480 PERIOD OF MORBIDITY. 215 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:50,480 THERE ARE ALSO THINGS TO 216 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:52,320 CONSIDER WHEN MODELING AGING 217 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:56,320 HAVING TO DO WITH GENETIC DRIFT 218 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:57,920 AND INBRED POPULATION THAT DOES 219 00:09:57,920 --> 00:09:59,440 OCCUR. IN HUMAN POPULATIONS 220 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:02,240 WHERE THERE IS, OF COURSE, 221 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:03,200 COHORT DIFFERENCES. WE ARE 222 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:05,200 ALWAYS ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT 223 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:07,200 ENVIRONMENT AND AGING. 224 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:09,400 IN MODEL AND AGING AND WOULD 225 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:12,720 LIKE TO THINK OF SOME ASPECTS OF 226 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:17,280 AGING AS BEING SIMPLE AND 227 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:20,320 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OPPOSED TO 228 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:21,960 PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND SOME 229 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:24,600 ARE DELETERIOUS AND PANEL 230 00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,480 LOGICAL AND SOME WILL BE 231 00:10:27,480 --> 00:10:28,680 ADAPTIVE AND SOME WILL CORRELATE 232 00:10:28,680 --> 00:10:32,600 AND BE NEUTRAL WITH AGE AND IS 233 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:33,600 IMPORTANT TO DISTINGUISH WHAT 234 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:35,840 THOSE ARE AND IS POINTED OUT 235 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:38,800 THAT COMPENSATION CAN HIDE SOME 236 00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:44,560 OF THE DEFICITS. 237 00:10:44,560 --> 00:10:48,360 I TOOK THE SLIDE FROM CHILLING 238 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:51,520 -- MISSED THE SPOT THANK YOU 239 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:53,080 BRIAN CHENG AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 240 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:56,600 FROM COMMENTS YESTERDAY. WE 241 00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:01,160 HAVE AFFECTION FOR LINEAR 242 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:03,600 DISPLAYS WHETHER DATA WARRANTS 243 00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:07,200 OR NOT AND DIFFERENT SHAPED 244 00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:13,400 CURVE IS APPROPRIATE -- IN A 245 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:16,000 RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTS AND 246 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,160 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES THAT HAS 247 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:24,480 TO DO WITH EVOLUTIONARY WHY NOT 248 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:26,440 TO DESIGN PURPOSE IN BIOLOGY BUT 249 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:30,160 WAY OF FRAMING A QUESTION AND 250 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:31,640 WHAT EVOLUTIONARY PRESSURES ARE 251 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:33,520 THAT BROUGHT US TO THAT 252 00:11:33,520 --> 00:11:34,800 PARTICULAR POINT. WITH 253 00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:37,520 BIOMARKERS WE ARE TRYING TO FIND 254 00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:39,560 BIOMARKERS THAT WOULD BE ALL OF 255 00:11:39,560 --> 00:11:43,320 THE -- MULTIPLE BIOMARKERS THAT 256 00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:45,440 STEVE LAID OUT YESTERDAY IN 257 00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:47,000 RELATIONSHIP TO WHAT THE FDA 258 00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:51,040 WANTS AND WE ARE LOOKING AT TIME 259 00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:54,480 BETWEEN MEASURING BIOMARKER AND 260 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:57,520 TIME THAT PHENOTYPE APPEARS 261 00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:00,280 AGAINST BACKGROUND OF 262 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:03,200 HETEROGENEITY AND LOOKING AT 263 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:04,560 CROSS-STUDY AND LONGITUDINAL 264 00:12:04,560 --> 00:12:06,520 STUDIES WHERE YOU GET DATA IS 265 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:08,360 IMPORTANT AND BIRTH COHORTS DO 266 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:11,640 SHIFT. IT LEADS ME TO WONDER IF 267 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:14,360 AGE SHOULD BE THE ONLY 268 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:15,960 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE USED IN 269 00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:16,960 UNDERSTANDING AGING. 270 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:19,680 I DON'T HAVE A GOOD ALTERNATIVE. 271 00:12:19,680 --> 00:12:21,680 I WISH I DID. 272 00:12:21,680 --> 00:12:25,240 I TOOK THIS SLIDE FROM JAMIE 273 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:26,560 JUSTICES PRESENTATION. IT WAS 274 00:12:26,560 --> 00:12:29,320 UPLOADED BUT DIDN'T MAKE IT INTO 275 00:12:29,320 --> 00:12:32,600 THE DISPLAY YESTERDAY AND TOOK 276 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:36,600 THE LIBERTY OF PULLING OUT HER 277 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:40,560 CREATION SPECIFICALLY FOR THIS 278 00:12:40,560 --> 00:12:43,400 SUMMIT TO LOOK AT WHAT IS GOING 279 00:12:43,400 --> 00:12:45,960 ON IN THIS ITERATIVE PROCESS TO 280 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:47,560 TRY TO UNDERSTAND AGING WHERE 281 00:12:47,560 --> 00:12:50,160 BIOLOGY, OF COURSE, AS IT 282 00:12:50,160 --> 00:12:52,440 CHANGES, PRODUCES AGING 283 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:56,840 PHENOTYPES THAT COULD BE SCORED. 284 00:12:56,840 --> 00:13:00,200 THOSE COULD LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT 285 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:02,760 OF ADDITIONAL CLOCKS WHETHER 286 00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:05,560 MONOOMIC OR MULTI OMIC TO REMAIN 287 00:13:05,560 --> 00:13:07,040 DETERMINED BY THE FIELD AND 288 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:09,920 THERE IS CERTAINLY LOTS OF WORK 289 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:11,640 DONE BEING COMPUTER DRIVEN AND 290 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:14,240 AT CORE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING, IT 291 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:17,960 HAS BEEN VERY POPULAR AND VERY 292 00:13:17,960 --> 00:13:20,160 WELL TROD AND VERY INVESTIGATION 293 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:23,760 THAT DAMAGE ACCUMULATION AND 294 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:25,360 INEFFECTIVE REPAIR AND 295 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,040 COUNTERBALANCE EACH OTHER AND IF 296 00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:30,920 INEFFECTIVE REPAIR IS DOMINANT, 297 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:31,640 AGING IS EVIDENCE. 298 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:34,360 ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING AT IT, 299 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:38,000 THERE ARE EVOLVED FUNCTIONS THAT 300 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:42,760 THOSE ARE -- THERE IS A BROAD 301 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:45,320 RANGE OF TOLERANCE BECAUSE OF 302 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:47,320 ROBUSTNESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL 303 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:48,680 SYSTEM AND THINKING OF 304 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:50,440 DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGY, YOU CAN 305 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:54,240 PRODUCE PEOPLE THAT IS IN THE 306 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:57,400 PROCESS OF REPRODUCTION. 307 00:13:57,400 --> 00:13:58,800 PEOPLE CAN ARISE WITH WIDE RANGE 308 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:01,200 OF CHARACTERISTICS AND SHORTEST 309 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:03,760 PERSON WAS 22 INCHES AND TALLEST 310 00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,200 PERSON 9 FEET AND STILL IS 311 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:07,560 PEOPLE AND THERE IS A WIDE RANGE 312 00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:11,600 OF LATITUDE IN TELEMETRY THAT IS 313 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:14,280 THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANS 314 00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:16,040 RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER. 315 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:17,600 PROCESSES THAT KEEP US ALIVE 316 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:23,560 WITH AN EMPHASIS ON METABOLISM. 317 00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:27,080 THOSE ARE COMMON ACROSS ALL 318 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:27,520 LIVING ORGANISMS. 319 00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:30,200 IN MANY RESPECTS AND ALTHOUGH 320 00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:32,160 EACH ORGANISM WILL HAVE UNIQUE 321 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:32,440 FEATURES. 322 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:35,680 THERE IS TOLERANCES. 323 00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:39,080 THE SYSTEMS UNDER EVOLUTIONARY 324 00:14:39,080 --> 00:14:40,960 CONSTRAINTS HAVE DEVELOPED 325 00:14:40,960 --> 00:14:42,520 BUFFERING AGAINST VARIOUS 326 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:42,840 INPUTS. 327 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:46,120 SO, SOME ASPECTS OF EVOLUTION 328 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:48,640 RESULT IN PRESERVED PLASTICITY 329 00:14:48,640 --> 00:14:50,280 ACROSS THE LIFETIME. 330 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:53,680 SO, THAT IS ADVANTAGEOUS IN THE 331 00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:56,160 IMMUNE SYSTEM IN COUNTERING 332 00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:57,960 MOLECULES THAT WILL TRIGGER AN 333 00:14:57,960 --> 00:14:59,600 IMMUNE RESPONSE THAT HAD NOT 334 00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,920 BEEN ENCOUNTERED PREVIOUSLY AND 335 00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:04,120 ALSO APPLIES IN NEURONAL 336 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:06,240 CONNECTIONS WHERE THERE IS A LOT 337 00:15:06,240 --> 00:15:10,240 OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY THAT IS 338 00:15:10,240 --> 00:15:11,120 ADVANTAGEOUS ACROSS THE LIFE 339 00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:13,720 COURSE IF MAINTAINED AND IS 340 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:16,440 ADVANTAGEOUS IF LOST IN THE 341 00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:19,680 LIVER PLASTICITY IS CRITICAL IN 342 00:15:19,680 --> 00:15:22,560 DETOXIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS THAT 343 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:25,520 MIGHT BE IN THE FOOD. 344 00:15:25,520 --> 00:15:27,000 PLASTICITY IS IMPORTANT ACROSS 345 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:28,320 LIFE COURSE AND PART OF 346 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:29,680 PLASTICITY IS BUFFERING AGAINST 347 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:31,920 TOO MUCH OF IT. 348 00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:34,520 SO, TOO MANY SYNAPTIC 349 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:35,720 CONNECTIONS WITHOUT PRUNING 350 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:39,200 WOULD BE AN UNBUFFERED SITUATION 351 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:40,960 THAT CAN RESULT IN ALSO 352 00:15:40,960 --> 00:15:41,440 COGNITIVE. 353 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:44,520 SO, THAT IS WHERE WE HAVE BEEN 354 00:15:44,520 --> 00:15:48,600 IN A NUTSHELL. WHERE WE ARE 355 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:53,320 GOING TODAY WILL BE PRACTICE OF 356 00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:55,080 GEROSCIENCE AND GEROSCIENCE 357 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:55,280 TRIALS. 358 00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:59,120 WHAT CAN WE THINK ABOUT IN TERMS 359 00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:04,280 OF BRINGING GEROSCIENCE TO A 360 00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:06,440 WIDE RANGE OF COMMUNITIES, WHICH 361 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:09,480 AS POINTED OUT EARLY ON, 362 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:11,600 REQUIRES INTERACTIONS BETWEEN 363 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:12,800 PEOPLE THAT WOULD BRING 364 00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:14,840 GEROSCIENCE TO THE COMMUNITY AND 365 00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:17,080 COMMUNITIES AND THAT IS THAT OF 366 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:19,240 BUILDING TRUST AND ABSOLUTELY 367 00:16:19,240 --> 00:16:20,960 AGREE WITH THAT PERSPECTIVE. 368 00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:24,160 HOW WE DO THAT IS A RELIEF TO 369 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:24,480 OTHERS. 370 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:27,280 BUT, THE QUESTIONS HERE ABOUT 371 00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:30,440 WHAT WOULD A GEROSCIENCE TRIAL 372 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:32,520 LOOK LIKE IS IMPORTANT. AT THIS 373 00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:34,480 POINT, IT REMAINS AN OPEN 374 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:34,840 QUESTION. 375 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:36,960 SO, WE WILL TALK ABOUT THE 376 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:38,600 CLINIC AND THE COMMUNITY AND HOW 377 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:42,440 WE CAN POSITIVELY IMPACT CARE OF 378 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:44,680 OLDER ADULTS AND PREVENTION. WE 379 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:46,840 HAVE TO DEAL WITH BOTH 380 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:48,160 COMMUNITIES, THOSE WHO ARE 381 00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:49,600 ALREADY OLDER AND THOSE WHO HOPE 382 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:51,200 TO BE OLDER. 383 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:53,520 AND THE GEROSCIENCE CLINICAL 384 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:55,920 TRIALS IS NOT CRITICAL THAT 385 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:58,080 GEROSCIENCE HYPOTHESIS BE 386 00:16:58,080 --> 00:16:59,360 SUPPORTED BUT WOULD BE NICE TO 387 00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:01,760 KNOW IF SLOWING THE RATE OF 388 00:17:01,760 --> 00:17:03,280 AGING REALLY DOES HAVE BROAD 389 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:06,040 IMPACTS AND IF THERE IS SINGLE 390 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:07,840 WAYS OR MULTIPLE WAYS AND WE 391 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:10,560 DON'T WANT TO CREATE 392 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:11,800 POLYPHARMACY BY ANY STRETCH OF 393 00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:13,440 THE IMAGINATION BUT WOULD LIKE 394 00:17:13,440 --> 00:17:14,760 TO KNOW HOW TO STRUCTURE 395 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:18,040 CLINICAL TRIALS AND WITH ASKING 396 00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:20,040 WHO WOULD BE OF BENEFIT AND WHO 397 00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:22,400 MIGHT NOT BENEFIT AND WHO MIGHT 398 00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:24,520 BE HARMED. WE NEED TO GO RIGHT 399 00:17:24,520 --> 00:17:26,080 BACK TO WHERE WE STARTED. WE 400 00:17:26,080 --> 00:17:30,080 HAVE TO BE INCLUSIVE AND FORMED 401 00:17:30,080 --> 00:17:31,800 ABOUT TRIALS ABOUT SOCIAL 402 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:33,480 DERNLNANTS OF HEALTH. WE WILL 403 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:35,200 END WITH A SESSION ABOUT LOOKING 404 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,280 FORWARD THAT WILL BE KEY 405 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:38,520 TAKEAWAYS THAT WILL BE THE FINAL 406 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:39,800 SESSION OF THE DAY. 407 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:43,480 SO, THANK YOU FOR YOUR 408 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:44,960 ATTENTION. 409 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:50,080 IS DEBRA WHITMAN HERE? 410 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:51,680 PLEASE. 411 00:17:51,680 --> 00:18:02,200 >>GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. I'M 412 00:18:02,200 --> 00:18:03,760 BREATHLESS. 45 MINUTE TO GET 413 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:06,080 ANY SPRINTED HERE TO BE ON TIME. 414 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:09,800 YOU ARE IN LUCK. WE HAVE AN 415 00:18:09,800 --> 00:18:13,000 INCREDIBLE LINEUP OF SPEAKERS 416 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:14,600 HIGHLIGHTING FOUR AREAS -- WITH 417 00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:16,480 GOALS TO FACILITATE 418 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,560 COMMUNICATION AMONG RESEARCHERS, 419 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:20,080 PROVIDERS AND THEIR PATIENTS AND 420 00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:23,040 TO IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING AND 421 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:25,840 INTEGRATION OF GEROSCIENCE IN 422 00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:28,040 CLINICAL PRACTICE AND IN PATIENT 423 00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:30,160 CARE. QUICKLY, OVER TO THE 424 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,520 SPEAKERS WHO WILL COME UP IN A 425 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:34,160 LITTLE BIT. 426 00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:36,600 VERNON KENNEDY NATIONAL 427 00:18:36,600 --> 00:18:38,920 INSTITUTE OF AGING IS SESSION 428 00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:40,720 FACILITATOR AND DR. HEATHER 429 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:43,280 WHITSON, PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE 430 00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:45,520 AT DUKE UNIVERSITY WILL TALK 431 00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:47,120 ABOUT GEROSCIENCE AND PREDICTION 432 00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:50,840 AND DR. ROBERT PIGNOLO PROFESSOR 433 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:53,760 OF MEDICINE AT MYOCLINIC WILL 434 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:55,880 TALK ABOUT GEROSCIENCE AND 435 00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:58,880 TREATMENT AND DR. FORMAN, CHAIR 436 00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:00,840 OF SECTION OF JERAT TRICK 437 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:03,040 CARDIOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF 438 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:04,400 PITTSBURGH MEDICAL SCHOOL WILL 439 00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:07,880 TALK ABOUT GEROSCIENCE AND 440 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:10,880 MANAGEMENT AND GEORGE CURBEL 441 00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:12,560 PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND WILL 442 00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:14,720 TALK ABOUT TRAINING AND 443 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:17,040 TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENTISTS AND 444 00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:19,840 SAVVY CLINICIANS AND WE HAVE 445 00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:22,880 SEVERAL ESTEEMED PANELISTS 446 00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:25,000 INCLUDING DR. IMAN WHO IS 447 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:26,320 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF 448 00:19:26,320 --> 00:19:28,320 UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT AND 449 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:32,920 DR. DANIEL PARKER WHO IS AT 450 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:34,880 CENTER FOR STUDY OF AGING AND 451 00:19:34,880 --> 00:19:36,680 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT DUKE 452 00:19:36,680 --> 00:19:39,640 UNIVERSITY AND MY ESTEEMED 453 00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:42,080 COLLEAGUE AND ADVISOR IRWIN TAN 454 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:45,720 WHO IS DIRECTOR OF LEADERSHIP 455 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:47,520 AND HEALTH THERAPY. 456 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:49,520 [INDISCERNIBLE] OF IT THIS LONG 457 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:53,320 LIST OF SCIENTISTS WILL BE 458 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:54,760 PRESENTING A WHOLE RANGE OF 459 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:58,400 ISSUES. I THOUGHT IT MIGHT BE 460 00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:00,200 QUESTIONABLE WHY ARP AN 461 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:02,400 ECONOMIST IS SPEAKING TO ALL OF 462 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:03,040 YOU TODAY. 463 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:07,400 THAT IS BECAUSE AARP REPRESENTS 464 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,400 OVER 30 MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE 465 00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:11,680 REALLY EXCITED AND IN NEED OF 466 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:14,080 THE TYPE OF SCIENCE YOU ARE ALL 467 00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:16,560 DEVELOPING. AARP VIEWS 468 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:17,960 GEROSCIENCE AS GROWING AND 469 00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:19,920 EXCITING FIELD WITH POTENTIAL TO 470 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:22,240 DELAY, PREVENT ALLEVIATE OR 471 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:23,520 REVERSE A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASES 472 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,360 AND CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 473 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:29,120 AGING AND WE BELIEVE THERE 474 00:20:29,120 --> 00:20:29,920 SHOULD BE GREAT INVESTMENT IN 475 00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:31,480 RESEARCH ON THE AGING PROCESS 476 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:33,320 AND PARTICULARLY FOR DISEASES 477 00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:34,880 ASSOCIATED WITH AGING AND 478 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:36,760 DISEASES THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY 479 00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:38,880 EFFECT OLDER PEOPLE. WE 480 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,680 STRONGLY SUPPORT EFFORTS TO 481 00:20:41,680 --> 00:20:43,640 PROMOTE HEALTH AND LONGEVITY 482 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:45,480 ACROSS ALL LIFE STAGES AND I 483 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,720 WANT TO REALLY THANK NIA AND 484 00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:50,120 DIVISION OF AGING BIOLOGY IN 485 00:20:50,120 --> 00:20:52,400 PARTICULAR FOR COORDINATING 486 00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,480 GROUNTD BREAKING NIH-WIDE 487 00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:56,320 GEROSCIENCE INTEREST GROUP 488 00:20:56,320 --> 00:20:58,280 SPONSORING TODAY'S SUMMIT AND 489 00:20:58,280 --> 00:20:59,280 APPRECIATE THE PARTICULAR FOCUS 490 00:20:59,280 --> 00:21:01,880 ON DISPARITIES IN TODAY'S 491 00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:03,040 CONFERENCE TO ENSURE THAT 492 00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:05,720 RESEARCH IS BASED ON THE ENTIRE 493 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:10,840 POPULATION AND BENEFITS GO TO 494 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:11,560 EVERYONE. 495 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:13,640 SUCCESSFUL ADVANCES IN 496 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:15,600 GEROSCIENCE HAVE POTENTIAL TO 497 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:18,080 DELAY, PREVENT ALLEVIATE OR 498 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:20,800 REVERSE A WIDE RANGE OF COMMON 499 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:22,200 CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND DISEASES 500 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:23,880 AS PEOPLE AGE AND IS NO SURPRISE 501 00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:26,960 THAT PEOPLE ARE INTERESTED AND 502 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,040 AARP RESEARCH SECOND HALF OF 503 00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:31,480 LIFE SURVEY ASKS RESPONDENTS IF 504 00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:33,560 THEY PREFER TO TAKE A PILL TO 505 00:21:33,560 --> 00:21:34,960 SLOW DOWN AGING OR EXTEND THEIR 506 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:37,480 LIFE BY 10 YEARS. 507 00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:40,000 THEY FOUND THAT PEOPLE PUT MUCH 508 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:41,760 GREATER VALUE ON QUALITY OF 509 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:43,560 HEALTH RATHER THAN QUANTITY OF 510 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:44,000 YEARS. 511 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:47,560 IN FACT, 72% OF PEOPLE IN THEIR 512 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:49,840 60S WOULD BE VERY OR EXTREMELY 513 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:52,000 LIKELY TO TAKE A PILL TO SLOW 514 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:54,680 AGING AND ONLY 50% WOULD TAKE A 515 00:21:54,680 --> 00:22:00,480 PILL TO EXTEND THEIR LIFE BY 10 516 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:03,520 YEARS. 517 00:22:03,520 --> 00:22:03,880 GE 518 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:07,680 GEROSCIENCE HAS ENORMOUS 519 00:22:07,680 --> 00:22:12,880 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS 520 00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:14,840 IN HEALTH AND TREATMENTS THAT 521 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:16,800 TARGET AGING AND ESTIMATED A 522 00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:18,800 COMPRESSION OF MORBIDITY 523 00:22:18,800 --> 00:22:20,840 PROMOTING HEALTHY LONGEVITY IS 524 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:23,360 EVEN MORE VALUABLE THAN 525 00:22:23,360 --> 00:22:26,120 INCREASES IN LIFE EXPECTANCY AND 526 00:22:26,120 --> 00:22:28,080 TARGETING AGING OFFERS 527 00:22:28,080 --> 00:22:29,480 POTENTIALLY LARGE ECONOMIC GAINS 528 00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:33,720 AND LARGER ECONOMIC GAINS THAN 529 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:34,920 ERADICATING INDIVIDUAL DISEASES 530 00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:37,440 AND ANALYSIS CONCLUDE INCREASING 531 00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:40,360 LIFE EXPECTANCY BY ONE YEAR 532 00:22:40,360 --> 00:22:45,800 WOULD BE WORTH 38 TRILLION 533 00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:46,080 DOLLARS. 534 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:47,240 NOW, MOST PEOPLE HAVE NEVER 535 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:49,600 HEARD OF GEROSCIENCE. WE MUST 536 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:51,400 BE CAREFUL IN HOW WE DESCRIBE 537 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,040 THE WORK AND DON'T CREATE NEW 538 00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:55,880 BIASES AGAINST OLDER ADULTS AND 539 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:57,560 WE START AGING FROM THE MOMENT 540 00:22:57,560 --> 00:22:59,920 THAT WE ARE BORN THAPD IS WHY 541 00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:02,320 AARP AGREES WITH THE NATIONAL 542 00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:05,440 INSTITUTE OF AGING VIEW THAT 543 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:07,280 AGING IS NOT A DISEASE BUT 544 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:08,560 RATHER A PROCESS. 545 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:11,440 IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE 546 00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:15,040 DON'T STIGMATIZE THAT PROCESS. 547 00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:17,720 CHARACTERIZATION OF AGING 548 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:20,720 DISEASES IS CONTROVERSIAL ACROSS 549 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:22,840 HEALTH CARE ECOSYSTEMS THAT IS A 550 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,080 NORMAL PROCESS EXPERIENCED BY 551 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:26,200 EVERYONE OPPOSED TO A DISEASE 552 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,200 THAT IS EXPERIENCED BY SOME AND 553 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,040 WE ALSO KNOW THAT CHRONOLOGICAL 554 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:34,520 AGING IS HETEROGENOUS AND AGE 555 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:37,000 ALONE IS A POOR MARKER FOR 556 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,680 DISEASE RISK AND FINALLY 557 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,160 CHARACTERIZED AGING AS A DISEASE 558 00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:44,520 RISKS EXACERBATING COMMON AGE 559 00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:47,760 AND AGE RELATED DISCRIMINATION. 560 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:48,840 FINALLY, THERE IS CLEAR EVIDENCE 561 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:51,320 THAT PERCEPTIONS IN AGING COULD 562 00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,000 EVEN INFLUENCE YOUR OWN HEALTH 563 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,720 TRAJECTORY. I NOTE THE WORK OF 564 00:23:56,720 --> 00:23:58,880 DR. BECKY LEVY WHO SHOWED THAT 565 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:00,840 POSITIVE ATTITUDES ON AGING AND 566 00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:02,960 ONE'S OWN AGING IS ASSOCIATED 567 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:05,960 WITH LONGER LIFE AND THOSE WITH 568 00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:09,680 LESS POSITIVE SELF-PERCEPTIONS 569 00:24:09,680 --> 00:24:10,720 ON AGING. 570 00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:14,240 MORE RECENT WORK BY REBECCA LEVY 571 00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:18,040 AND FARUCHI SHOWED POSITIVE 572 00:24:18,040 --> 00:24:19,600 PERCEPTIONS ON AGING WERE 573 00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:22,480 ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RISK OF 574 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,920 DEMENTIA. WHILE WE AGREE THAT 575 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:29,080 AGING PROCESS IS A MAJOR RISK 576 00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:30,880 FACTOR FOR DISEASE AND 577 00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:32,600 CONDITIONS WE ARE ALSO HOPEFUL 578 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:36,160 THAT ONE DAY INTERVENTIONS WILL 579 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:38,920 BE WIDELY AVAILABLE AND 580 00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:40,560 CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS NOTED 581 00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:43,080 THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL MEANING OF 582 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,280 CONCEPT OF GEROSCIENCE BY 583 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:47,880 CLINICIANS THAT LIKELY ADDS TO 584 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:50,640 UNDERUSE AND MISREPRESENTATION 585 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:52,200 OF THE TERM. 586 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:53,920 ANOTHER IMPORTANT CHALLENGE IS 587 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:58,160 IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW FDA WILL 588 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:00,680 APPROACH A RELATIVELY NEW FIELD 589 00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:02,880 AND RESULTING INTERVENTIONS AND 590 00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:04,520 IS REALLY CRITICAL THEY BEGIN 591 00:25:04,520 --> 00:25:05,840 THOSE DISCUSSIONS AND HEARTENED 592 00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:07,680 THIS MORNING TO GET AN E-MAIL 593 00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:10,600 THAT FDA COMMISSIONER ROBERT 594 00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:12,640 WILL BE SPEAKING ON THESE ISSUES 595 00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:13,760 ON MAY 3RD. 596 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:15,400 WE WERE ANXIOUSLY LOOKING 597 00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:19,440 FORWARD TO HEARING WHAT HE HAS 598 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:21,520 TO SAY. 599 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:23,640 APPRECIATING A DEFINING SUCCESS 600 00:25:23,640 --> 00:25:26,320 THAT REMAINS A CHALLENGE 601 00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:29,240 CREATING PERFECT BIOMARKERS TO 602 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:30,560 MEASURE TREATMENT WILL BE 603 00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:31,960 DIFFICULT AND AGING IS 604 00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:34,400 INFLUENCED BY UNIQUE AND 605 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:35,440 BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS 606 00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:38,080 MESH YOURING OUTCOMES USING 607 00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:39,600 TRADITIONAL ENDPOINTS SUCH AS 608 00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:43,000 DISEASE OR DIAGNOSIS OR DEATH 609 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:45,240 MAY NOT BE PRACTICAL AND 610 00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:46,880 IDENTIFYING PROXY AND OUTCOME 611 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:49,240 MEASURES IS INSTRUMENTAL TO 612 00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:51,920 TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO IMPROVED 613 00:25:51,920 --> 00:25:53,920 AND HEALTHY LONGEVITY AND NEED 614 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:55,680 TO WORK TOWARDS THAT GOAL 615 00:25:55,680 --> 00:25:55,920 TOGETHER. 616 00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:57,760 WHILE WE DO HAVE A GEROSCIENCE 617 00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:00,680 AND WHEN WE DO HAVE A 618 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:01,800 GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTION 619 00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:04,360 APPROVED BY FDA THAT I BELIEVE 620 00:26:04,360 --> 00:26:07,600 IS WHEN AND NOT IF. WE NEED TO 621 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:09,800 ENSURE APPROPRIATE ACCESS FOR 622 00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:10,080 CONSUMERS. 623 00:26:10,080 --> 00:26:13,880 COST OF TREATMENT MATTERS. 624 00:26:13,880 --> 00:26:15,960 IF NEW GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS 625 00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:17,840 IS SUCCESSFUL FOR PEOPLE WITH 626 00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:19,280 SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES AND PEOPLE 627 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:22,880 WHO HAVE A HIGHER LIFE 628 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:24,640 EXPECTANCY AND CAN WORSEN 629 00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:26,920 EXISTING ECONOMIC AND 630 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:28,920 RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES AND 631 00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,040 SAFE AND EFFECTIVE GEROSCIENCE 632 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:32,680 INTERVENTIONS MUST BE WIDELY 633 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:35,200 AVAILABLE AND ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL 634 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:36,960 PEOPLE. THIS IS PARTICULARLY 635 00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:38,880 TRUE IN CASE OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT 636 00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:41,080 THAT BENEFITTED FROM TAXPAYER 637 00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:42,480 FUNDED RESEARCH. 638 00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:47,360 WE ALSO NEED TO BE CLEAR ABOUT 639 00:26:47,360 --> 00:26:49,720 WHO MIGHT BE -- WE NEED TO BE 640 00:26:49,720 --> 00:26:51,160 CLEAR ABOUT WHO MIGHT OR MIGHT 641 00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:53,160 NOT BENEFIT FROM TREATMENTS AND 642 00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:54,840 WHO MIGHT BE HARMED. 643 00:26:54,840 --> 00:26:56,600 TREATMENTS ARE IMPACTING MANY 644 00:26:56,600 --> 00:26:58,880 CORE PROCESSES OF AGING AND MAY 645 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:00,800 HAVE SIDE-EFFECTS AND WE NEED TO 646 00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:02,400 BE TRANSPARENT ABOUT BENEFITS 647 00:27:02,400 --> 00:27:03,720 AND RISKS. 648 00:27:03,720 --> 00:27:05,760 SO, FDA SHOULD BE GRANTED 649 00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:08,960 APPROPRIATE RESOURCES TO CONDUCT 650 00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:10,680 ADEQUATE POST MARKET 651 00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,000 SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES 652 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:14,840 IMPORTANT TO MEASURE SIDE 653 00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:17,200 EFFECTS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS 654 00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:18,440 AGAINST REAL WORLD CONDITIONS 655 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:22,120 AND IN CLOSING APPLAUDING NIA 656 00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:24,040 INCLUDING CONSUMER VOICE IS 657 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:25,920 CRITICAL WE GATHER AS THOUGHT 658 00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:27,640 LEADERS FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES 659 00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:31,800 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES BY 660 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:33,640 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND 661 00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:35,600 EXPERTS IN EMERGING -- 662 00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:37,360 IDENTIFYING GAPS AND RESEARCH IN 663 00:27:37,360 --> 00:27:38,480 THIS FIELD AND THAT CONFERENCE 664 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:40,920 IS FOCUSED ON IT EQUALLY 665 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:42,880 IMPORTANT IS THAT WE INCLUDE 666 00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:45,000 CONSUMERS AND PATIENTS AND 667 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,640 CAREGIVERS AND AT AARP WE 668 00:27:47,640 --> 00:27:49,000 REPRESENT NOT ONLY 30 MILLION 669 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:50,840 MEMBERS BUT PEOPLE ACROSS ALL 670 00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:54,000 LIFE STAGES SO THAT WE ALL MAY 671 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:55,200 EXPERIENCE HEALTHY LONGEVITY 672 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,440 ACROSS WHAT WE HOPE WILL BE A 673 00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:59,480 LONGER LIFESPAN. 674 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:01,840 I THEREFORE ASK SPEAKERS AND 675 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:04,080 PANELISTS TO MAKE SURE VOICES OF 676 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,560 CONSUMERS CAREGIVERS AND 677 00:28:06,560 --> 00:28:09,240 PATIENTS ARE PART OF EVERY 678 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:10,840 FUTURE CONVERSATION ON PROMISE 679 00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:13,080 OF GEROSCIENCE AND WITH THAT I 680 00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:16,880 WANT TO INVITE PANELISTS UP 681 00:28:16,880 --> 00:28:20,480 STARTING WITH DR. WHITSON. 682 00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:21,280 THANK YOU. 683 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:31,560 >>[APPLAUSE]. 684 00:28:37,360 --> 00:28:39,200 >>GOOD MORNING I WILL START OFF 685 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:41,720 TALKING ABOUT GEROSCIENCE IN 686 00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:42,760 PREDICTION MEDICINE AND WANT TO 687 00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:44,360 THANK THE NIA THAT FUNDS MUCH OF 688 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:46,560 THE WORK IN THIS AREA AND 689 00:28:46,560 --> 00:28:49,960 SPEAKING TO YOU AS DIRECTOR OF 690 00:28:49,960 --> 00:28:53,000 DUKE AGING CENTER AND REACH 691 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:58,960 EQUITY CENTER AND DUKE UNC WORK 692 00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:00,240 I'M TALKING ABOUT TODAY 693 00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:02,640 REPRESENTS MANY PEOPLE ON THE 694 00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:03,800 TEAMS THAT ADVANCE THESE LINES. 695 00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:07,960 SO, I WILL START OUT BY TALKING 696 00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:10,880 ABOUT IMPORTANCE OF RESILIENCE 697 00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:13,960 TO STRESSORS IN HUMAN HEALTH AND 698 00:29:13,960 --> 00:29:16,720 GEROSCIENCE AND TERMS 699 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:17,920 GEROSCIENCE AND REDILLIENCE SAID 700 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,360 IN THE SAME BREATH ALREADY 701 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,360 DURING THIS CONFERENCE TALKING 702 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,200 ABOUT APPLYING GEROSCIENCE TO 703 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:28,640 DISPARATE OUTCOMES WE SEE IN 704 00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:30,920 OLDER ADULTS TO WHAT APPEARS TO 705 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,560 BE A VERY UNIFORM STRESSOR AND 706 00:29:33,560 --> 00:29:35,680 TALKING ABOUT TWO TYPES OF 707 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:37,320 BIOMARKERS WE ARE PARTICULARLY 708 00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:40,080 INTERESTED IN DYNAMIC BIOMARKERS 709 00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:42,400 AND PROVOCATIVE TESTS TO PREDICT 710 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:45,320 OUTCOMES AND STRESSORS AND 711 00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:46,880 PERTURBATIONS AND STARTING OUT 712 00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:48,920 TALKING ABOUT TWO PATIENTS I'M A 713 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:50,600 CLINICIAN AND WE ARE DOG A LARGE 714 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:52,520 STUDY AT THIS POINT LOOKING AT 715 00:29:52,520 --> 00:29:56,760 TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT AS AN 716 00:29:56,760 --> 00:29:58,320 EXPERIMENTAL REAL WORLD STRESS 717 00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:04,720 OR IMAGINE TWO PATIENTS SIMILAR 718 00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:06,880 IN CHRONOLOGICAL AGE FACING A 719 00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:08,640 SIMILAR ELECTIVE PLANNED 720 00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:12,120 UPCOMING STRESSOR OF A KNEE 721 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:13,440 REPLACEMENT SURGERY THAT ARE 722 00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:15,480 DIFFERENT WITH DIFFERENT LIFE 723 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:17,320 TRAJECTORIES AND PRESENT FOR 724 00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:20,160 SURGERY DIFFERENTLY AND 76 YEAR 725 00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,480 OLD WOMAN -- DOES NOT EXERCISE 726 00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:24,880 AND IS QUITE SEDENTARY HAS A 727 00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:26,720 HISTORY OF NUMBER OF 728 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:27,320 COMORBIDITIES COMPARE TO 729 00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:29,840 GENTLEMAN GOING INTO OR SAME 730 00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:31,920 SURGEON AND SAME DAY AND IS 75 731 00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:36,160 AND HAS A FEW COMORBIDITIES 732 00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:38,000 WELL-CONTROLLED BLOOD PRESSURE 733 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:39,880 AND GLAUCOMA BUT MAIN REASON FOR 734 00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:41,920 HAVING THE SURGERY IS HE WANTS 735 00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:44,480 TO GET BACK TO PLAYING GOLF AND 736 00:30:44,480 --> 00:30:47,120 TENNIS AS REGULARLY AS HE HAS 737 00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:49,960 BEEN DOG AND HAS A STRONG 738 00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:51,640 CAREGIVER NETWORK ONE PATIENT 739 00:30:51,640 --> 00:30:53,920 AFTER THE SURGERY FOLLOWS 740 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:55,320 TRAJECTORY B THAT WE WANT AND 741 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:58,000 THEY HAVE EXPECTED DECLINE IN 742 00:30:58,000 --> 00:30:59,600 MEASURES OF FUNCTION AND 743 00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:01,960 MEASURES OF MOBILITY ANDIN 744 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:03,160 DEPENDENCE. THEY BOUNCE BACK 745 00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:04,520 AND HOPEFULLY EVEN BOUNCE BACK 746 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:08,000 TO A LEVEL BETTER THAN WHERE 747 00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:10,880 THEY START AND ONE PATIENT WILL 748 00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:14,000 FOLLOW TRAJECTORY C WHERE 749 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:19,000 SURGERY HAPPENS AND THEY DEVELOP 750 00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,880 A SERIES OF COMPLICATIONS AND 751 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:25,680 DELIRIUM AND WHAT HAVE YOU AND 752 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:26,880 FUNCTION AND MOBILITY NEVER 753 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:29,240 RECOVER AND REST OF LIVES FAMILY 754 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:31,440 WILL REFER TO THEM AS MOM OR DAD 755 00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:33,360 WAS NEVER THE SAME AFTER THAT 756 00:31:33,360 --> 00:31:34,880 SURGERY AND WHAT WE WANT NOT TO 757 00:31:34,880 --> 00:31:40,960 HAPPEN AND WHAT WE TRY TO 758 00:31:40,960 --> 00:31:42,880 PREVENT HAPPENING WHICH OF THE 759 00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:46,240 PATIENT WAS MOST LIKELY TO 760 00:31:46,240 --> 00:31:47,440 FOLLOW TRAJECTORY C AND 761 00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:48,840 SOMETIMES WE GET IT WRONG AND 762 00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:52,760 QUESTION IS CAN WE LOOK TO 763 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:58,200 GEROSCIENCE TO FILL IN WHY WE 764 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:00,000 GET THIS WRONG JUST BEFORE WE 765 00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,240 KNOW ABOUT THE PERSON AND THE 766 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:04,920 TRESSOR AND OF COURSE GOAL HERE 767 00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:07,840 IS PREDICTING RECOVERY 768 00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:08,480 TRAJECTORIES THAT IS IMPORTANT 769 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:10,840 TO PATIENTS AND FAMILIES TO GIVE 770 00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:12,280 AS ACCURATE A PROGNOSIS AS WE 771 00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:14,120 CAN AND IS IMPORTANT TO HEALTH 772 00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:19,560 SYSTEM AND TO SOCIETY TO BE ABLE 773 00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:22,000 TO PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN AND 774 00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:25,560 TARGET UNLIMITED RESOURCES 775 00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:26,960 APPROPRIATELY AND AS BEST AS WE 776 00:32:26,960 --> 00:32:29,400 CAN AND HOPE BY PREDICTING 777 00:32:29,400 --> 00:32:31,160 BETTER WE UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS 778 00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:32,400 BETTER THAT WILL HELP US KNOW 779 00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:34,880 WHAT INTERVENTIONS AND WE HAVE 780 00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:36,360 CURRENTLY INTERVENTIONS 781 00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:39,760 AVAILABLE WHERE THERE IS ALREADY 782 00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:43,120 SUPPORT FOR PROMOTING RESILIENCE 783 00:32:43,120 --> 00:32:45,120 AND POSSIBILITY OF GEROSCIENCE 784 00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:48,680 IF POSSIBILITY IF UNDERSTOOD AT 785 00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:50,480 MOLECULAR OR CELLULAR LEVEL 786 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:52,440 LEVERS THAT MIGHT ALSO PREDICT A 787 00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:54,520 PERSON'S LIKELIHOOD TO COME OUT 788 00:32:54,520 --> 00:32:56,840 OF THESE STRESSORS BIG OR SMALL 789 00:32:56,840 --> 00:32:58,440 OR ACUTE OR CHRONIC TO COME OUT 790 00:32:58,440 --> 00:33:00,920 OF STRESSORS BETTER OFF THAN 791 00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:03,280 THEY WERE BEFORE OR AT LEAST NOT 792 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:06,320 TERRIBLY DAMAGED. COULD WE 793 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:07,400 POTENTIALLY FIND DRUGGABLE 794 00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:09,720 TARGETS TO HELP TO ESSENTIALLY 795 00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:13,120 GIVE PEOPLE A BETTER CHANCE AT 796 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:15,400 RESILIENCE AND A PILL AND NOT 797 00:33:15,400 --> 00:33:17,120 SAYING ANYTHING HERE THIS GROUP 798 00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:19,000 DOESN'T REALIZE THAT WITH AGE 799 00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:20,200 OUR ABILITY TO RESPOND BRISKLY 800 00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:23,360 AND ADAPTIVELY TO ANY KIND OF 801 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:25,120 PERTUBATION AND DECLINES 802 00:33:25,120 --> 00:33:26,040 STARTING AGING FROM MOMENT WE 803 00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:29,440 ARE BORN AND I WOULD SAY THAT 804 00:33:29,440 --> 00:33:31,960 FROM A BIOLOGICAL STANDPOINT 805 00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:34,880 THAT BIOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IS 806 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:36,080 DECLINING ACROSS THIS LIFESPAN 807 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,960 AT ALL OF THE STAGES BEFORE WE 808 00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,240 REACH THAT FINAL ONE WHERE THE 809 00:33:41,240 --> 00:33:46,880 PERSON IS FRAIL. I THINK OF 810 00:33:46,880 --> 00:33:49,320 EVERY HUMAN AS A COMPLEX AND 811 00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:50,880 DYNAMICAL SYSTEM AND THAT MEANS 812 00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:53,600 THE SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF 813 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:55,800 SUB-SYSTEMS GOING FROM THE ORGAN 814 00:33:55,800 --> 00:33:57,840 SYSTEMS LEVEL AND TISSUES AND 815 00:33:57,840 --> 00:34:01,040 CELLS AND MOLECULES. 816 00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:05,440 ALL OF THESE SUB-SYSTEMS ARE 817 00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:06,880 ENGAGED IN FEED FORWARD AND FEED 818 00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:08,920 BACK AND WORKING TO REPAIR 819 00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:13,680 DAMAGE IN A WAY THAT IS 820 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:17,600 EFFICIENTLY COORDINATED ACROSS 821 00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:24,480 SYSTEMS AND EVOLVED AMAZINGLY 822 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:26,880 THE HUMAN LIVES IN A COMPLEX 823 00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:28,600 DYNAMICAL SYSTEM THAT IS SOCIETY 824 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,760 AND SYSTEMS PLAY OUT CONSTANTLY 825 00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:34,160 IN EVER-CHANGING ENVIRONMENT 826 00:34:34,160 --> 00:34:36,600 WHEN NOT ENCOUNTERING MAJOR 827 00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:37,760 STRESSOR LIKE SURGERY OR 828 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,480 INFECTION WE ARE TRYING TO 829 00:34:41,480 --> 00:34:44,360 CONSTANTLY ADAPT TO AND MAINTAIN 830 00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:49,120 EQUILIBRIUM. TO P ME, THIS IS 831 00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:50,880 THE WHAT THAT MAKES THE IT AND 832 00:34:50,880 --> 00:34:53,520 THAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT IN 833 00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:55,760 THESE THREE DAYS IS BIOLOGICAL 834 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,120 AGING AND THINK WHAT THAT MAKES 835 00:34:58,120 --> 00:35:02,280 IT IS CHANGES AT MOLECULAR LEVEL 836 00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:06,520 THAT ARE CONSTANTLY EATING AWAY 837 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:08,360 AT ABILITY TO RESPOND ADAPTIVELY 838 00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,880 AND EFFICIENTLY AND REPAIR 839 00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:20,000 DAMAGES THAT MAY OCCUR. THEN TO 840 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:25,720 BE ABLE TO MOVE ON FROM 841 00:35:25,720 --> 00:35:27,960 STRESSORS TO MY MIND WE ARE 842 00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:29,680 TARGETING WITH A TALK OF 843 00:35:29,680 --> 00:35:30,440 BIOLOGICAL AGING AND OTHER THING 844 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:32,680 WE TALKED ABOUT A LOT HERE AND 845 00:35:32,680 --> 00:35:34,880 SOMETIMES I THINK THAT DISEASE 846 00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:37,400 OR COMORBIDITY GETS A LITTLE 847 00:35:37,400 --> 00:35:39,440 CONFLATED WITH BIOLOGICAL AGING, 848 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,480 TO ME, IS A VICIOUS CYCLE. I 849 00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:44,040 THINK DISEASES CERTAINLY WHEN 850 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:48,720 THEY OCCUR DIMINISH BIOLOGICAL 851 00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:50,560 RESILIENCE CHIPPING AWAY AS 852 00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:51,960 FAVORABLE BIOLOGY THAT NEEDS TO 853 00:35:51,960 --> 00:35:54,640 HAPPEN IN EVERY CELL AND TISSUE 854 00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:56,000 AND DISEASES OFTEN EFFECT 855 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:57,440 CERTAIN TISSUES AND CELLS MORE 856 00:35:57,440 --> 00:35:58,920 THAN OTHERS AND THEN HAVING 857 00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:01,040 DISEASES LOWERS RESILIENCE OF 858 00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:02,960 THE WHOLE COMPLEX DYNAMICAL 859 00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:04,720 SYSTEM MAKING IT MORE VULNERABLE 860 00:36:04,720 --> 00:36:07,360 TO FUTURE DISEASES THAT TO ME IS 861 00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:09,840 A KIND OF VICIOUS CYCLE. THE 862 00:36:09,840 --> 00:36:11,840 PART THAT IS GEROSCIENCE PIECE 863 00:36:11,840 --> 00:36:14,360 OF IT TO ME IS BIOLOGICAL 864 00:36:14,360 --> 00:36:16,280 RESILIENCE HAVING MOLECULAR 865 00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:19,560 BASIS AND, AGAIN, IN EVERY 866 00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:21,840 TISSUE AND CELL IN THEORY, THERE 867 00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:25,440 ARE BIOLOGICAL PILLARS THAT 868 00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:28,640 DECLINE WITH AGE VERY NICELY AS 869 00:36:28,640 --> 00:36:30,880 JAMIE JUSTICE'S FIGURE SHOWED. 870 00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:32,920 YOU KNOW, SORT OF A COMBINATION 871 00:36:32,920 --> 00:36:35,560 OF LOSS OF ABILITY TO RESPOND TO 872 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,560 STRESSORS AND LOSS OF ABILITY TO 873 00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:41,520 REPAIR DAMAGE THAT OCCURS. 874 00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:44,480 SOMETIMES IN THAT VERY ATTEMPT 875 00:36:44,480 --> 00:36:46,200 TO RESPOND TO PRIOR STRESSORS. 876 00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:47,800 WHAT WE KNOW IS THAT THE RATE OF 877 00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:51,840 THIS DECLINE IS NOT THE SAME FOR 878 00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:52,160 EVERYONE. 879 00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:55,800 THESE TWO GENTLEMAN ARE THE SAME 880 00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:58,880 AGE, CHRONOLOGICALLY SPEAKING 881 00:36:58,880 --> 00:37:00,000 AND PRESUMABLY DIFFERENT IN 882 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:01,760 TERMS OF BIOLOGICAL AGE AND 883 00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:03,680 THING WITH TRYING TO PREDICT 884 00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:05,920 THIS IS SOMETIMES, AGAIN, 885 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:07,240 PATIENTS REALLY SURPRISE US. 886 00:37:07,240 --> 00:37:09,160 WE ARE TRYING TO GET BETTER AT 887 00:37:09,160 --> 00:37:12,240 SORT OF PREDICTING AND PROMOTING 888 00:37:12,240 --> 00:37:14,280 RESILIENCE THAT IS AROUND HEALTH 889 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,160 STRESSORS. SO, THAT COULD BE AN 890 00:37:17,160 --> 00:37:20,960 INJURY AND INFECTION AND 891 00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:21,480 HOSPITALIZATION AND NEW 892 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:21,880 MEDICATION. 893 00:37:21,880 --> 00:37:23,840 FIRST, WE HAVE TO SORT OF DECIDE 894 00:37:23,840 --> 00:37:26,040 WHAT WE WILL MEASURE TO KNOW 895 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:28,200 WHETHER WE ARE PREDICTING IT 896 00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:29,760 ACCURATELY OR NOT AND IS THE 897 00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:32,000 FRAMEWORK WE USE IN THE DUKE 898 00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:37,240 PEPPER CENTER LED BY KEN SHMADER 899 00:37:37,240 --> 00:37:38,880 IN MANY STUDIES AND POPULATIONS 900 00:37:38,880 --> 00:37:41,160 AND TYPES OF HEALTH STRESSORS WE 901 00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:44,000 TRY TO MEASURE WHAT WE CALL 902 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:45,840 PRESTRESS RESERVE THAT I THINK 903 00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:49,480 IS VERY SIMILAR TO WHAT THE 904 00:37:49,480 --> 00:37:50,120 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LABELS 905 00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:52,120 INTRINSIC CAPACITY AND THAT 906 00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:54,080 PERSON'S ABILITY BEFORE THE 907 00:37:54,080 --> 00:37:56,040 STRESSOR TO HAVE RESERVE IN 908 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:58,840 PHYSICAL DOMAIN, YES. ALSO, 909 00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:00,400 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAINS 910 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:02,160 THAT WE TRY TO MEASURE SOMETHING 911 00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:04,640 ABOUT THE STRESSOR AND MAGNITUDE 912 00:38:04,640 --> 00:38:07,120 OF THE STRESSOR AND TRY TO 913 00:38:07,120 --> 00:38:09,760 MEASURE THIS THING WE CALL 914 00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:11,240 RESILIENCE THAT IS IMMEDIATE 915 00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:12,160 TRAJECTORY RESPONSE THAT HAPPENS 916 00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,640 IN THE SYSTEMS THAT WE CAN -- 917 00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:18,480 THAT WE ARE FOCUSED ON RIGHT 918 00:38:18,480 --> 00:38:24,120 AFTER THE STRESS OR -- WHICH IS 919 00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:26,440 VERY DYNAMIC RELATES TO 920 00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:28,640 LONG-TERM OUTCOMES THAT PEOPLE 921 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:30,360 CARE ABOUT SURVIVALIN DEPENDENCE 922 00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:31,560 AND QUALITY OF LIFE. 923 00:38:31,560 --> 00:38:35,080 SO, IN TRYING TO SAY HOW WE WILL 924 00:38:35,080 --> 00:38:36,280 MEASURE GREEN BOX AND GREEN BALL 925 00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:39,480 OF SORT OF WHAT HAPPENS AFTER A 926 00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:40,920 STRESSOR, WE THOUGHT AS 927 00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:42,360 CLINICIANS ABOUT TWO THINGS WE 928 00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:43,960 CARE ABOUT. ONE QUESTION THAT 929 00:38:43,960 --> 00:38:45,720 WE AND PATIENTS OFTEN CARE ABOUT 930 00:38:45,720 --> 00:38:48,360 IS WHAT IS MANY I PATTERN OF 931 00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:49,680 RECOVERY GOING TO LOOK LIKE 932 00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:51,280 AFTER THIS STRESSOR? 933 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,000 WHAT CAN I EXPECT? 934 00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:54,600 OTHER THING WE OFTEN CARE ABOUT 935 00:38:54,600 --> 00:38:56,160 IS THAT THING OF HOW MUCH BETTER 936 00:38:56,160 --> 00:38:59,560 OR WORSE IS THIS PERSON GOING TO 937 00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:01,840 DO THAT I MIGHT GUESS THAT THEY 938 00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:04,960 WILL DO BASED ON AGE AND 939 00:39:04,960 --> 00:39:06,160 PRESTRESSOR STATUS. WE HAVE 940 00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:07,680 COME UP WITH TWO DIFFERENT WAYS 941 00:39:07,680 --> 00:39:09,200 THAT EACH MEASURE THESE. 942 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:10,760 I WILL RUN THROUGH THEM QUICKLY. 943 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:13,440 ONE IS A RECOVERY PHENOTYPE 944 00:39:13,440 --> 00:39:16,200 APPROACH WHERE WE DO BASICALLY 945 00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:17,520 REPEATED MEASURES OF SOME ASPECT 946 00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:19,640 OF THE RECOVERY WE CARE ABOUT. 947 00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:21,640 THAT MIGHT BE A MEASURE OF 948 00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:24,160 MOBILITY AND MIGHT BE A MEASURE 949 00:39:24,160 --> 00:39:26,560 OF SPEED OR OF OVERALL 950 00:39:26,560 --> 00:39:28,000 SELF-RATED QUALITY OF LIFE OR 951 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:28,920 HEALTH. 952 00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:30,920 WE MEASURE IT REPEAT WILLED I 953 00:39:30,920 --> 00:39:32,480 AND DESCRIBE THE TRAJECTORY THAT 954 00:39:32,480 --> 00:39:35,560 IS HIGHLY DESCRIPTIVE. YOU CAN 955 00:39:35,560 --> 00:39:38,880 QUANTIFY MULTIPLE PARAMETERS 956 00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:42,480 LOOKING AT SLOPE AND DEGREE OF 957 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:44,600 RECOVERY PROPORTION TO BASELINE 958 00:39:44,600 --> 00:39:46,880 OR BEYOND IT SUMMARIZING 959 00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:49,200 MULTIPLE OUTCOMES USING FANCY 960 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:50,800 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES WE WANT 961 00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:52,240 TO FOLLOW COGNITION AND MOBILITY 962 00:39:52,240 --> 00:39:54,160 AND PAIN AND SUMMARIZE ALL THOSE 963 00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:57,120 INTO A SINGLE MEASURE. 964 00:39:57,120 --> 00:39:59,560 THIS IS HIGHLY DRIVEN BY THEIR 965 00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:02,920 AGE, COMORBIDITIES AND 966 00:40:02,920 --> 00:40:05,200 PRESTRESSOR FUNCTIONS AND 967 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:06,640 BASICALLY THE PHENOTYPES ARE 968 00:40:06,640 --> 00:40:08,040 HIGHLY ELATED TO HOW THEY WERE 969 00:40:08,040 --> 00:40:09,440 BEFORE THEY WERE STRESSED. 970 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:14,040 THIS IS DATA THAT IS WITH JAY 971 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:15,960 MAGAZINER AND HIS GROUP WITH 972 00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:17,240 BALTIMORE HIP STUDY TATE AH AND 973 00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:21,560 LOOKING AT WHAT PREDICTED THAT 974 00:40:21,560 --> 00:40:24,640 PHENOTYPIC RECOVERY IN HIP 975 00:40:24,640 --> 00:40:27,160 FRACTURE IN OLDER ADULTS AND 976 00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:29,960 PREDICTIVE AREAS IN CURVE 977 00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:30,880 EXPLAINING VARIABILITY OF 978 00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:33,600 PHENOTYPES PROOEND STRESSOR 979 00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:34,800 FUNCTION EXPLAINED A LOT OF 980 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:36,720 ABOUT IT. THE THING ABOUT THE 981 00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:38,160 PHENOTYPE, IT IS VERY 982 00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:40,120 UNDERSTANDABLE TO CLINICIANS AND 983 00:40:40,120 --> 00:40:42,560 PATIENTS AND IF WE SEARCH FOR 984 00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:44,360 WHAT GEROSCIENCE AND WHAT CAN 985 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:46,880 UNDERSTANDING CHANGES AT 986 00:40:46,880 --> 00:40:49,480 MOLECULAR OR BIOLOGICAL LEVEL 987 00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:52,440 POTENTIALLY GIVES A LITTLE MORE 988 00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:53,760 PREDICTABILITY OR DRUGGABLE 989 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:56,160 TARGET, THEN MODELING RESILIENCE 990 00:40:56,160 --> 00:40:58,200 IN THIS WAY DOESN'T HELP US VERY 991 00:40:58,200 --> 00:41:01,280 MUCH. WE EXPLAIN SO MUCH 992 00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:04,760 VARIABILITY IN THAT PRESTRESSOR 993 00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:05,760 FUNCTIONAL STATUS. 994 00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:07,680 WAY THAT WE HAVE GOTTEN BEYOND 995 00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:10,880 THAT IS LOOKING AT EXPECTED 996 00:41:10,880 --> 00:41:12,120 RECOVERY DIFFERENTIAL LARGE 997 00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:14,440 GROUP OF PEOPLE FACED A SIMILAR 998 00:41:14,440 --> 00:41:17,120 STRESSOR AND USE PRESTRESSOR 999 00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:19,880 VARIABLES TO PREDICT 1000 00:41:19,880 --> 00:41:20,640 POPULATION'S TRAJECTORY AND 1001 00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:22,360 EVERY PERSON IN THE POPULATION, 1002 00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:25,280 WE CAN DETERMINE WHAT THEY ARE 1003 00:41:25,280 --> 00:41:26,480 PREDICTED OR EXPECTED OUTCOME 1004 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:29,640 WOULD BE AT MONTH 6 OR MONTH 12. 1005 00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:31,040 WE LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE 1006 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:33,400 BETWEEN ACTUAL OUTCOME AT THAT 1007 00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:34,800 TIMEPOINT AND ARE PREDICTED 1008 00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:36,960 CALLING IT EXPECTED RECOVERY 1009 00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:38,720 DIFFERENTIAL THAT GIVES A 1010 00:41:38,720 --> 00:41:40,320 MEASURE HOW BETTER OR WORSE THEY 1011 00:41:40,320 --> 00:41:43,120 DID THAN WE WOULD HAVE EXPECTED 1012 00:41:43,120 --> 00:41:45,360 AND WITHOUT STEALING TOO MUCH 1013 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:47,160 THUNDER FROM DANA WHO WILL BE 1014 00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:49,160 OUT IN A MOMENT THIS IS WORK 1015 00:41:49,160 --> 00:41:50,560 SHOWING A PROOF OF CONCEPT 1016 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:53,280 AROUND THAT AGAIN USING DATA 1017 00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:54,880 FROM BALTIMORE HIP STUDY AND 1018 00:41:54,880 --> 00:41:57,640 PICKING OUT A FEW STATIC 1019 00:41:57,640 --> 00:42:00,160 BIOMARKERS OF A FEW PILLARS OF 1020 00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:01,880 AGING AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 1021 00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:03,560 THAT WE KNOW DECLINE WITH AGE 1022 00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:05,920 AND ARE RELATED TO GEROSCIENCE 1023 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:08,040 AND HE HYPOTHESIZED WOULD BE 1024 00:42:08,040 --> 00:42:10,600 PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FROM A 1025 00:42:10,600 --> 00:42:12,200 PERSON RECOVERING FROM A HIP 1026 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:14,400 FRACTURE. IN GENERAL, THE 1027 00:42:14,400 --> 00:42:16,880 TAKE-HOME MESSAGE OF THIS WAS 1028 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:18,800 THAT HIS HYPOTHESIS BORN OUT 1029 00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:21,240 VERY BEAUTIFULLY AND PANEL OF 1030 00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:23,800 BIOMARKERS EXPLAINED 38% OF 1031 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:25,640 OBSERVED ABILITY WHEN USING 1032 00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:27,120 EXPECTED RECOVERY DIFFERENTIAL 1033 00:42:27,120 --> 00:42:29,120 AS OUR OUTCOME AND, AGAIN, TO 1034 00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:34,840 PEOPLE THINKING ABOUT BIMARKERS 1035 00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:36,520 AS A PREDICTOR IS VARIABILITY 1036 00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:38,720 AND GENERATES HYPOTHESES WHAT IT 1037 00:42:38,720 --> 00:42:41,360 IS THAT CAUSES PEOPLE TO HAVE 1038 00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:42,880 BETTER OUTCOMES OR WORSE THAN 1039 00:42:42,880 --> 00:42:44,600 EXPECTED OUTCOMES AND THINGS 1040 00:42:44,600 --> 00:42:46,560 LINE UP PERFECTLY WITH WHAT 1041 00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:50,040 HYPOTHESIS WOULD BE MARKERS OF 1042 00:42:50,040 --> 00:42:52,960 LOWER CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND 1043 00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:55,800 LESS CHRONIC -- AND BETTER 1044 00:42:55,800 --> 00:42:57,680 SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM WERE 1045 00:42:57,680 --> 00:42:58,920 ASSOCIATED WITHOUT PERFORMING 1046 00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:02,920 WHAT AGE, COMORBIDITY STATUS AND 1047 00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:04,240 PRESTRESS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL WOULD 1048 00:43:04,240 --> 00:43:07,120 HAVE SUGGESTED. ARE THERE OTHER 1049 00:43:07,120 --> 00:43:10,480 FEASIBLE SAFE TESTS THAT CAN 1050 00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:11,520 PREDICT RECOVERY AFTER 1051 00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:14,960 REAL-WORLD STRESSORS? 1052 00:43:14,960 --> 00:43:19,040 FOR THIS IS MIKOPI AND I AND 1053 00:43:19,040 --> 00:43:22,000 MASCOT THAT IS A MICROSCOPIC AND 1054 00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:23,600 HIGHLY RESILIENT ORGANISM THAT 1055 00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:30,840 IS OUR MASCOT FOR THE PRIMEY 1056 00:43:30,840 --> 00:43:34,480 STUDY ENROLLING 200 PATIENTS 1057 00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:37,120 SCHEDULED FOR ELECTIVE KNEE 1058 00:43:37,120 --> 00:43:37,480 REPLACEMENT. 1059 00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:40,200 WE FOCUS ON GETTING DATA BEFORE 1060 00:43:40,200 --> 00:43:41,720 KNEE REPLACEMENT THAT WILL 1061 00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:42,880 PREDICT OUTCOMES AND I WILL 1062 00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:45,440 SPEAK SPECIFICALLY ABOUT WE ARE 1063 00:43:45,440 --> 00:43:47,200 TRYING TO GET AT DYNAMIC 1064 00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:47,520 MARKERS. 1065 00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:49,720 SO, THE WAY THAT WE ARE DOING 1066 00:43:49,720 --> 00:43:52,280 THAT IS PROVOCATIVE TESTS AND 1067 00:43:52,280 --> 00:43:53,800 ESSENTIALLY A STRESS TEST 1068 00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:56,080 PARADIGM. YOU HEARD SOME OF 1069 00:43:56,080 --> 00:43:58,520 THIS FROM JEREMY WALSTON 1070 00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:00,760 YESTERDAY AND HOPKINS GROUP AND 1071 00:44:00,760 --> 00:44:02,400 COLLABORATORS AS WELL. FOR 1072 00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:04,160 EXAMPLE, THESE ARE SOME 1073 00:44:04,160 --> 00:44:06,000 PROVOCATIVE TESTS WE ARE 1074 00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:08,680 CAPTURING ON PEOPLE DOING A DUAL 1075 00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:10,880 TASK TEST YOU ARE MADE TO WALK 1076 00:44:10,880 --> 00:44:13,320 AND TALK AT SAME TIME NOT 1077 00:44:13,320 --> 00:44:14,920 SURPRISINGLY PEOPLE DON'T WALK 1078 00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:16,520 OR TALK AS WELL WHEN THEY DO 1079 00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:17,920 BOTH AT THE SAME TIME AND THOSE 1080 00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:22,840 THAT PERFORMANCE REALLY DROPS 1081 00:44:22,840 --> 00:44:24,760 OUT OFF IN THE DUAL TASK 1082 00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:27,760 CONDITION IS CONSIDERED AN 1083 00:44:27,760 --> 00:44:29,880 INDICATOR OF NOT HOLDING UP WELL 1084 00:44:29,880 --> 00:44:33,400 TO THE STRESS OF NEEDING TO 1085 00:44:33,400 --> 00:44:36,560 COORDINATE BOTH COGNITIVE AND 1086 00:44:36,560 --> 00:44:37,000 MOBILITY FUNCTIONS 1087 00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:40,960 SIMULTANEOUSLY AND WE ARE 1088 00:44:40,960 --> 00:44:43,480 COLLECTING NEAR RED SPECTROSCOPY 1089 00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:46,920 ON THE LOBE DURING TINY STRESS 1090 00:44:46,920 --> 00:44:49,600 TESTS COGNITIVE TESTS AND MANL 1091 00:44:49,600 --> 00:44:53,720 PROBLEMS AND LOOKING AT HOW 1092 00:44:53,720 --> 00:44:55,840 BRISKLY TISSUE OXYGEN CHANGES IN 1093 00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:57,560 RESPONSE TO STRESSORS AND 1094 00:44:57,560 --> 00:44:58,920 STRESSING BLOOD OF PARTICIPANTS 1095 00:44:58,920 --> 00:45:01,320 IN WAYS THAT WE DON'T WANT TO 1096 00:45:01,320 --> 00:45:02,720 STRESS PARTICIPANTS THEMSELVES 1097 00:45:02,720 --> 00:45:05,200 BECAUSE IT WOULDN'T BE SAFE. WE 1098 00:45:05,200 --> 00:45:08,560 ARE TAKING BLOOD AND EXPOSING 1099 00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:10,760 BLOOD TO INFLUENZA VACCINE AND 1100 00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:12,600 TOXINS AND LOOKING AT SUPER 1101 00:45:12,600 --> 00:45:16,240 NEEDS OF -- TO LOOK AT THE 1102 00:45:16,240 --> 00:45:18,200 RESPONSE OF PBMCS TO STRESSORS 1103 00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:20,720 AND ARE EXAMPLES OF PARADIGMS OF 1104 00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:22,600 TESTS THAT WE WILL GET AT BETTER 1105 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:25,720 THAT ARE PREDICTING RESILIENCE 1106 00:45:25,720 --> 00:45:27,520 THROUGH GEROSCIENCE. ONE OTHER 1107 00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:29,800 TYPE I WILL TALK ABOUT IS 1108 00:45:29,800 --> 00:45:32,080 LOOKING AT COMPLEXITY OF TIME 1109 00:45:32,080 --> 00:45:33,960 VARYING DATA AND LOU LIPSETTS 1110 00:45:33,960 --> 00:45:36,800 WHO IS HERE IS ONE OF OUR 1111 00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,840 COLLABORATORS IN ADDITION TO 1112 00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:42,040 THIS GROUP AT DUKE AND THEY ARE 1113 00:45:42,040 --> 00:45:43,400 LOOKING PARTICULARLY AT 1114 00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:46,560 COMPLEXITY OF EEG SIGNALS BEFORE 1115 00:45:46,560 --> 00:45:50,880 OR COMPARING IN SOME CASES 1116 00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:52,520 BEFORE AND DURING ANESTHESIA. 1117 00:45:52,520 --> 00:45:54,160 THEY FOUND THAT THE COMPLEXITY 1118 00:45:54,160 --> 00:45:57,800 OF EEG SIGNALS CHANGES WHEN WE 1119 00:45:57,800 --> 00:46:00,600 MOVE FROM BEFORE TO DURING 1120 00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:03,800 ANESTHESIA AND PATTERN OF CHANGE 1121 00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:05,960 NOT SO MUCH QUANTITY OF HOW MUCH 1122 00:46:05,960 --> 00:46:09,200 COMPLEXITY OF DATA CHANGES AND 1123 00:46:09,200 --> 00:46:10,600 PATTERN OF THE CHANGE SEEMS TO 1124 00:46:10,600 --> 00:46:13,400 BE PREDICTIVE. I WILL SAY 1125 00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:15,920 PREDICTIVE WITH A FRUSTRATING P 1126 00:46:15,920 --> 00:46:21,120 VALUE OF .054. FOR PRELIMINARY 1127 00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:22,520 STUDY CERTAINLY COMPELLING 1128 00:46:22,520 --> 00:46:24,080 FUTURE WORK AND OTHER THING THEY 1129 00:46:24,080 --> 00:46:25,960 ARE LOOKING AT WHILE I THINK IT 1130 00:46:25,960 --> 00:46:28,080 CAN TELL US A LOT ABOUT THE 1131 00:46:28,080 --> 00:46:29,560 MECHANISM WHAT ANESTHESIA IS 1132 00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:32,360 DOING TO OUR BRAIN AND WHY IT IS 1133 00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:35,080 PUTTING US AT RISK FOR DLEERIUM, 1134 00:46:35,080 --> 00:46:37,160 I DON'T KNOW THAT WOULD BE A 1135 00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:38,240 CLINICAL FEASIBLE TOOL BECAUSE 1136 00:46:38,240 --> 00:46:41,400 IT IS A LITTLE HARD TO GET A 32 1137 00:46:41,400 --> 00:46:43,640 CHANNEL EEG BEFORE AND DURING 1138 00:46:43,640 --> 00:46:45,120 SURGERY AND ARE DEVELOPING WHAT 1139 00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:47,480 IS A VERY FEASIBLE CLINICAL TOOL 1140 00:46:47,480 --> 00:46:50,080 WHICH IS LOOKING AT EYES OPEN 1141 00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:51,880 AND CLOSED BEFORE SURGERY AND 1142 00:46:51,880 --> 00:46:54,960 HOW EEG SIGNAL CHANGES WITH THAT 1143 00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:55,280 STRESSOR. 1144 00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:58,680 THIS IS MY LAST SLIDE. 1145 00:46:58,680 --> 00:47:01,400 SO, WE OFTEN USE WHAT WE CALL A 1146 00:47:01,400 --> 00:47:03,200 METAPHOR OF A CASTLE UNDER SIEGE 1147 00:47:03,200 --> 00:47:06,880 TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE ARE 1148 00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:07,760 PREDICTING RESILIENCE AND 1149 00:47:07,760 --> 00:47:09,160 CERTAINLY WE KNOW IF THINKING OF 1150 00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:11,520 A CASTLE THAT IS UNDER ATTACK 1151 00:47:11,520 --> 00:47:13,600 AND CASTLE IS BODY AND STRENGTH 1152 00:47:13,600 --> 00:47:16,480 OF ATTACK OR MAGNITUDE OF THE 1153 00:47:16,480 --> 00:47:18,080 STRESSOR NEEDS TO BE ONE FACTOR. 1154 00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:19,480 WE NEED TO MEASURE SOMETHING 1155 00:47:19,480 --> 00:47:21,400 ABOUT THAT AND ADDITION OF 1156 00:47:21,400 --> 00:47:22,400 QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION OF 1157 00:47:22,400 --> 00:47:24,280 CASTLE ITSELF AND MAY BE ASPECTS 1158 00:47:24,280 --> 00:47:26,880 OF THE CASTLE THAT LOOK CRUMBLY 1159 00:47:26,880 --> 00:47:28,640 AND FRAIL AS IF THEY WON'T HOLD 1160 00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:30,160 UP SO WELL TO ATTACK. 1161 00:47:30,160 --> 00:47:31,880 WE ALSO THINK THAT HOW QUICKLY 1162 00:47:31,880 --> 00:47:34,480 THIS CASTLE CAN DEPLOY EFFECTIVE 1163 00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:34,720 DEFENSES. 1164 00:47:34,720 --> 00:47:37,000 FOR EXAMPLE, DOES IT HAVE A TEAM 1165 00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:40,400 OF ARCHERS THAT LIKE A ROBUST 1166 00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:41,960 IMMUNE SYSTEM COULD POP UP IN 1167 00:47:41,960 --> 00:47:45,400 TIME OF NEED AND HOW QUICKLY TO 1168 00:47:45,400 --> 00:47:46,760 REPAIR DAMAGES AND MANAGE AND 1169 00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:48,560 STORE. DOES IT HAVE FOOD AND 1170 00:47:48,560 --> 00:47:51,280 LAMP OIL INSIDE THAT CAN HELP IT 1171 00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:53,160 OUTLAST THE SIEGE AND QUICKLY 1172 00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:56,520 REPAIR DAMAGES THAT MIGHT BE A 1173 00:47:56,520 --> 00:48:00,320 REALLY EFFECTIVE MITOCHONDRIAL 1174 00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:00,600 BIOLOGY. 1175 00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:04,600 AND OUR HYPOTHESIS IS THAT VERY 1176 00:48:04,600 --> 00:48:06,520 DIFFERENT CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR 1177 00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:08,120 MECHANISMS MAY UNDERLIE RESERVE 1178 00:48:08,120 --> 00:48:09,880 AND RESILIENCE THAT IS IMPORTANT 1179 00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:11,920 TO THINK OF THOSE SEPARATELY AND 1180 00:48:11,920 --> 00:48:13,240 PROBE THEM DIFFERENTLY. 1181 00:48:13,240 --> 00:48:14,960 I WILL CONCLUDE THERE. JUST TO 1182 00:48:14,960 --> 00:48:17,520 SAY, AGAIN, THIS IS A VERY LARGE 1183 00:48:17,520 --> 00:48:20,400 TEAM EFFORT AND MANY OF OUR TEAM 1184 00:48:20,400 --> 00:48:22,840 P MEMBERS AT MULTIPLE OTHER 1185 00:48:22,840 --> 00:48:24,600 UNIVERSITIES ARE HERE OUT IN THE 1186 00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:26,080 AUDIENCE TODAY. 1187 00:48:26,080 --> 00:48:28,560 THANK YOU. 1188 00:48:28,560 --> 00:48:36,400 >>[APPLAUSE]. 1189 00:48:36,400 --> 00:48:39,640 >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYONE. I 1190 00:48:39,640 --> 00:48:42,480 WOULD LIKE TO THANK RON AND LOU 1191 00:48:42,480 --> 00:48:45,040 FOR INVITING ME TO 1192 00:48:45,040 --> 00:48:46,560 PARTICIPATE IN THIS SUMMIT. 1193 00:48:46,560 --> 00:48:52,080 I AM TASKED WITH THE TOPIC OF 1194 00:48:52,080 --> 00:48:52,760 GEROSCIENCE IN DISEASE 1195 00:48:52,760 --> 00:48:55,640 TREATMENT. AND TO START, I 1196 00:48:55,640 --> 00:48:57,400 WOULD LIKE TO PARAPHRASE 1197 00:48:57,400 --> 00:48:58,920 SOMETHING THAT LOU EENLI SAID 1198 00:48:58,920 --> 00:48:59,320 YESTERDAY. 1199 00:48:59,320 --> 00:49:02,080 THAT IS THAT HE SAID THAT JERAT 1200 00:49:02,080 --> 00:49:05,440 TRIGSES ARE LOOKING FOR TOOLS 1201 00:49:05,440 --> 00:49:07,320 AND INTERVENTIONS THAT CAN BE 1202 00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:09,160 INFORMED BY TRANSLATIONAL 1203 00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:09,480 GEROSCIENCE. 1204 00:49:09,480 --> 00:49:11,920 I WOULD -- I WOULD AGREE WITH 1205 00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:18,120 THAT AND EXTEND THAT TO SAY THAT 1206 00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:19,960 CLINICIANS TAKING CARE OF ADULTS 1207 00:49:19,960 --> 00:49:22,440 IN GENERAL ARE LOOKING FORWARD 1208 00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:31,320 TO POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS. 1209 00:49:31,320 --> 00:49:33,720 THESE ARE MY DISCLOSURES 1210 00:49:33,720 --> 00:49:36,320 MENTIONING WITH USE OF 1211 00:49:36,320 --> 00:49:38,000 MEDICATIONS AND NEWT TRA SUIT 1212 00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:40,000 CALS AND KNOW FINANCIAL INTEREST 1213 00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:40,960 IN COMPANIES THAT MANUFACTURER 1214 00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:44,640 THESE COMPOUNDS AND IS AN 1215 00:49:44,640 --> 00:49:46,040 OUTLINE OF MY TALK. 1216 00:49:46,040 --> 00:49:48,360 FIRST, I WILL BEGIN WITH 1217 00:49:48,360 --> 00:49:50,200 EVIDENCE BASED ON PRECLINICAL 1218 00:49:50,200 --> 00:49:54,360 STUDIES FOR WHICH THERE IS ALSO 1219 00:49:54,360 --> 00:49:56,080 HUMAN DATA CONDUCTED FOR REASONS 1220 00:49:56,080 --> 00:50:00,720 NOT RELATED TO VALIDATION OF THE 1221 00:50:00,720 --> 00:50:02,760 GEROSCIENCE HYPOTHESIS. 1222 00:50:02,760 --> 00:50:04,520 NEVERTHELESS, DATA THAT WE NEED 1223 00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:05,040 TO CONSIDER. 1224 00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:08,480 I WILL THEN MOVE ON TO EVIDENCE 1225 00:50:08,480 --> 00:50:10,960 BASED ON CLINICAL STUDIES THAT 1226 00:50:10,960 --> 00:50:13,960 ARE SPECIFICALLY CONDUCTED ON 1227 00:50:13,960 --> 00:50:14,520 GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS. 1228 00:50:14,520 --> 00:50:18,360 AND THEN FINALLY, I WILL TRY TO 1229 00:50:18,360 --> 00:50:22,520 PUT THIS ALL TOGETHER. 1230 00:50:22,520 --> 00:50:24,080 I WILL OFFER CONSIDERATIONS FOR 1231 00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:26,880 USE OF GEROSCIENCE-BASED 1232 00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:30,320 INTERVENTIONS IN THE CLINIC THAT 1233 00:50:30,320 --> 00:50:32,600 ADDRESSES ONE OF THE POINTS THAT 1234 00:50:32,600 --> 00:50:34,720 RON MADE ON HIS FIRST SLIDE THIS 1235 00:50:34,720 --> 00:50:37,360 MORNING AND BELIEVE HE USED THE 1236 00:50:37,360 --> 00:50:38,760 WORD DEPLOY. 1237 00:50:38,760 --> 00:50:41,120 HOW DO WE DEPLOY AT LEAST 1238 00:50:41,120 --> 00:50:42,680 INITIALLY SOME OF THE 1239 00:50:42,680 --> 00:50:44,840 INFORMATION AND LESSONS LEARNED 1240 00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:50,000 FROM TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENCE. 1241 00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:54,200 LET'S START WITH EVIDENCE BASED 1242 00:50:54,200 --> 00:50:57,360 ON PRECLINICAL STUDIES. 1243 00:50:57,360 --> 00:51:00,880 THIS IS A TABLE THAT LISTS 1244 00:51:00,880 --> 00:51:02,840 PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE FOR 1245 00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:04,160 GEROSCIENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS 1246 00:51:04,160 --> 00:51:06,480 THAT IS -- THESE INTERVENTIONS 1247 00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:08,680 ARE ARBITRARILY DIVIDED INTO 1248 00:51:08,680 --> 00:51:12,080 THOSE FOR WHICH WE HAVE 1249 00:51:12,080 --> 00:51:14,760 INFORMATION ON -- FOR BENEFICIAL 1250 00:51:14,760 --> 00:51:18,480 EFFECTS IN EXTENSION OF LIFE AND 1251 00:51:18,480 --> 00:51:21,480 HEALTH SPAN AND EXTENSION OF 1252 00:51:21,480 --> 00:51:24,240 HEALTH SPAN AND OF LIFE SPAN AND 1253 00:51:24,240 --> 00:51:25,920 OTHER POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS 1254 00:51:25,920 --> 00:51:27,800 ARE ALSO LISTED HERE AND BECAUSE 1255 00:51:27,800 --> 00:51:29,560 AN INTERVENTION IS NOT LISTED 1256 00:51:29,560 --> 00:51:33,040 UNDER ONE OF THE CATEGORIES 1257 00:51:33,040 --> 00:51:34,600 DOESN'T MEAN THAT IT DOESN'T 1258 00:51:34,600 --> 00:51:38,480 OFFER THAT BENEFIT. IT JUST 1259 00:51:38,480 --> 00:51:42,320 MEANS THAT WE DON'T HAVE THAT 1260 00:51:42,320 --> 00:51:48,560 INFORMATION YESTERDAY. IF YOU 1261 00:51:48,560 --> 00:51:50,240 PERUSE THIS LIST YOU WILL NOTICE 1262 00:51:50,240 --> 00:51:53,800 MANY THINGS LISTED HERE HAVE 1263 00:51:53,800 --> 00:51:55,520 BEEN MENTIONED IN DAYS 1 AND 2 1264 00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:59,120 OF THE SUMMIT AND OTHER POINT I 1265 00:51:59,120 --> 00:52:06,360 WANT TO MAKE IS JUST TO 1266 00:52:06,360 --> 00:52:09,240 REITERATE THE ELOQUENT SUMMARY 1267 00:52:09,240 --> 00:52:14,440 THAT DR. ZEISS MADE DAY 1 THAT 1268 00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:16,320 ALL CLINICAL STUDIES OR SHOULD 1269 00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:19,120 SAY MOST OF THE STUDIES WERE 1270 00:52:19,120 --> 00:52:20,720 CONDUCTED IN RODENTS ESPECIALLY 1271 00:52:20,720 --> 00:52:24,160 MICE AND IS A QUESTION ABOUT THE 1272 00:52:24,160 --> 00:52:28,160 ABILITY TO TRANSLATE THIS INTO 1273 00:52:28,160 --> 00:52:32,760 SIMILAR FINDINGS IN HUMANS. 1274 00:52:32,760 --> 00:52:37,800 SO, ONE WAY TO TRY TO ASSESS THE 1275 00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:41,440 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE FOR WHAT WE 1276 00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:45,560 KNOW IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES IS 1277 00:52:45,560 --> 00:52:49,480 TAKING A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH. 1278 00:52:49,480 --> 00:52:52,240 HERE, I'M SHOWING AN APPROACH 1279 00:52:52,240 --> 00:52:55,680 THAT WE TOOK THAT IS DOING A 1280 00:52:55,680 --> 00:53:01,920 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE USING 1281 00:53:01,920 --> 00:53:04,320 DATA SOURCES AND SEARCHES THAT 1282 00:53:04,320 --> 00:53:06,360 ARE PRETTY STANDARD AS WELL AS 1283 00:53:06,360 --> 00:53:09,200 HOW WE DID THE STUDY SELECTION. 1284 00:53:09,200 --> 00:53:12,400 WHAT IS DIFFERENT HERE IS THAT 1285 00:53:12,400 --> 00:53:15,440 WE FOCUSED EXCLUSIVELY ON DATA 1286 00:53:15,440 --> 00:53:17,840 WE WERE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND FROM 1287 00:53:17,840 --> 00:53:20,080 PRECLINICAL STUDIES AND IN TERMS 1288 00:53:20,080 --> 00:53:23,760 OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT USE A 1289 00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:25,600 MODIFIED GRADE FRAMEWORK MOSTLY 1290 00:53:25,600 --> 00:53:27,600 BECAUSE OF POSITY OF STUDIES FOR 1291 00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:29,640 SOME OF OF THE INTERVENTIONS 1292 00:53:29,640 --> 00:53:31,840 THAT WE CONSIDERED. 1293 00:53:31,840 --> 00:53:34,480 THIS IS A SUMMARY SLIDE OF WHAT 1294 00:53:34,480 --> 00:53:39,120 WE CONCLUDED BASED ON THAT 1295 00:53:39,120 --> 00:53:40,760 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. 1296 00:53:40,760 --> 00:53:42,520 THERE WAS HIGH QUALITY EVIDENCE 1297 00:53:42,520 --> 00:53:46,960 FOR MODERATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 1298 00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:48,880 FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN ALL-CAUSE 1299 00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:52,400 MORTALITY AND AGE-RELATED 1300 00:53:52,400 --> 00:53:56,720 MORBIDITIES AND CIRCUIT MARKERS 1301 00:53:56,720 --> 00:53:59,120 FOR AGING SEVERAL DIETARY 1302 00:53:59,120 --> 00:54:00,320 INTERVENTIONS INCLUDING 1303 00:54:00,320 --> 00:54:03,680 PLANT-BASED DIETS INTERMITTENT 1304 00:54:03,680 --> 00:54:06,080 FASTING AND MODERATE CALORIC 1305 00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:09,480 RESTRICTION THAT IS ALSO HIGH 1306 00:54:09,480 --> 00:54:13,240 QUALITY EVIDENCE FOR METFORMIN 1307 00:54:13,240 --> 00:54:17,600 TO CONSIDER FOR USE COMPARED TO 1308 00:54:17,600 --> 00:54:19,240 THOSE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND AGE 1309 00:54:19,240 --> 00:54:23,160 SET MORBIDITY AND HIGH LEVEL 1310 00:54:23,160 --> 00:54:24,880 EVIDENCE FOR ACE INHIBITORS TO 1311 00:54:24,880 --> 00:54:28,080 BE CONSIDERED PATIENTS WITH 1312 00:54:28,080 --> 00:54:29,280 HYPERTENSION AND PEOPLE WITH 1313 00:54:29,280 --> 00:54:32,880 PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND 1314 00:54:32,880 --> 00:54:34,920 GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND 1315 00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:35,880 ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS AND 1316 00:54:35,880 --> 00:54:38,000 HIGH QUALITY TO BE CONSIDERED IN 1317 00:54:38,000 --> 00:54:40,960 PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS AND 1318 00:54:40,960 --> 00:54:43,600 HISTORY OF FRACTURES FOR 1319 00:54:43,600 --> 00:54:46,560 FRACTURE PREVENTION AND 1320 00:54:46,560 --> 00:54:48,120 MORTALITY BENEFITS FOR RISK 1321 00:54:48,120 --> 00:54:49,280 CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR 1322 00:54:49,280 --> 00:54:52,040 DISEASE AND FOUND THERE WAS 1323 00:54:52,040 --> 00:54:53,680 INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO MAKE 1324 00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:58,120 ANY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE OF 1325 00:54:58,120 --> 00:55:03,120 RAPAMYECIN AD BOOSTERS AND SIN 1326 00:55:03,120 --> 00:55:05,440 ALYTIC AGENTS AND MOVING ON TO 1327 00:55:05,440 --> 00:55:09,680 EVIDENCE BASED ON CLINICAL 1328 00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:11,120 STUDIES SPECIFICALLY FOR 1329 00:55:11,120 --> 00:55:12,280 GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS AND 1330 00:55:12,280 --> 00:55:16,160 HERE I'M FOCUSING ON CLINICAL 1331 00:55:16,160 --> 00:55:19,680 STUDIES AND SEEN IN THERAPEUTICS 1332 00:55:19,680 --> 00:55:23,120 WHAT DO WE KNOW THERAPEUTIC 1333 00:55:23,120 --> 00:55:28,480 BENEFIT IN ITD YOPATHIC FIBROSIS 1334 00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:33,080 AND STUDY PROOF OF CONCEPT IN 1335 00:55:33,080 --> 00:55:35,960 TARGETING AGENT IN PATIENTS WITH 1336 00:55:35,960 --> 00:55:40,120 -- AND HAVE STUDY SHOWING 1337 00:55:40,120 --> 00:55:41,280 ANTIDIABETES EFFECTS OF 1338 00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND WE HAVE 1339 00:55:43,160 --> 00:55:50,040 EVIDENCE FOR ZOLEDRONATE FOR BMD 1340 00:55:50,040 --> 00:55:51,120 FRACTURE PREVENTION AND 1341 00:55:51,120 --> 00:55:52,680 MORTALITY BENEFIT. 1342 00:55:52,680 --> 00:55:55,120 SO, THIS IS THE SHORT PROTOCOL 1343 00:55:55,120 --> 00:56:02,840 THAT WAS USED IN THE STUDY ON A 1344 00:56:02,840 --> 00:56:05,400 DISSAT NIF [INDISCERNIBLE] IN 1345 00:56:05,400 --> 00:56:07,680 PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND STUDY IS 1346 00:56:07,680 --> 00:56:10,880 BY JAMIE JUSTICE AND OTHERS THAT 1347 00:56:10,880 --> 00:56:15,480 YOU CAN SEE IT WAS A SHORT STUDY 1348 00:56:15,480 --> 00:56:19,760 DOSING D + Q ON 1ST THREE DAYS 1349 00:56:19,760 --> 00:56:23,000 OF EACH WEEK. AFTER THE LAST 1350 00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:25,200 WEEK WERE COLLECTION OF 1351 00:56:25,200 --> 00:56:29,000 FOLLOW-UP MEASURES. 1352 00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:32,840 SO, IN SUMMARY, ALTHOUGH THERE 1353 00:56:32,840 --> 00:56:37,400 WAS NO IMPROVEMENT IN PULMONARY 1354 00:56:37,400 --> 00:56:40,080 FLUNKS IS POTENTIAL EFFICACY 1355 00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:42,240 SIGNAL IN TERMS OF IMPROVEMENTS 1356 00:56:42,240 --> 00:56:43,480 IN PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND WANT TO 1357 00:56:43,480 --> 00:56:45,760 POINT OUT THEY ARE SECONDARY 1358 00:56:45,760 --> 00:56:48,320 ENDPOINTS IN THE STUDY AND IT 1359 00:56:48,320 --> 00:56:51,200 WAS A SMALL STUDY WITH ONLY 14 1360 00:56:51,200 --> 00:56:54,360 PATIENTS AND DON'T HAVE ANY 1361 00:56:54,360 --> 00:56:56,600 INFORMATION ABOUT CHANGES IN 1362 00:56:56,600 --> 00:56:59,600 LUNG PATHOLOGY AND DON'T HAVE 1363 00:56:59,600 --> 00:57:03,560 INFORMATION ABOUT TARGET 1364 00:57:03,560 --> 00:57:04,200 ENGAGE 1365 00:57:04,200 --> 00:57:04,480 ENGAGEMENT. 1366 00:57:04,480 --> 00:57:06,200 HOWEVER, IN THE STUDY CONDUCTED 1367 00:57:06,200 --> 00:57:09,400 IN SMALL NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH 1368 00:57:09,400 --> 00:57:10,480 DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE THERE 1369 00:57:10,480 --> 00:57:12,040 WAS EVIDENCE FOR TARGET 1370 00:57:12,040 --> 00:57:14,080 ENGAGEMENT AND THIS SLIDE SHOWS 1371 00:57:14,080 --> 00:57:16,920 THAT SENESCENCE CELLS WERE 1372 00:57:16,920 --> 00:57:18,680 DECREASED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE THAT 1373 00:57:18,680 --> 00:57:23,120 WAS BASED ON A GROUPED ANALYSIS 1374 00:57:23,120 --> 00:57:27,240 USING 3 SINOLYTIC MARKERS. 1375 00:57:27,240 --> 00:57:31,120 IN THE SAME STUDY COMPOSITE 1376 00:57:31,120 --> 00:57:34,640 BLOOD FACTORS WERE REDUCED AFTER 1377 00:57:34,640 --> 00:57:39,080 D PLUS Q TREATMENTS AND ON LEFT 1378 00:57:39,080 --> 00:57:42,000 UNDER TARGETS YOU SEE LIST OF 1379 00:57:42,000 --> 00:57:46,360 S-SAAS FACTORS ANALYZED AND FULL 1380 00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:50,760 CHANGE WITH REDUCTION SHOWN IN 1381 00:57:50,760 --> 00:57:55,680 SHADES OF BLUE. 1382 00:57:55,680 --> 00:58:01,560 SO, THE NEXT STUDY I'M GOING TO 1383 00:58:01,560 --> 00:58:06,400 DESCRIBE WAS TO LOOK AT THE 1384 00:58:06,400 --> 00:58:07,400 ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF 1385 00:58:07,400 --> 00:58:13,720 SINOLYTIC AGENT OF DASATINIB AND 1386 00:58:13,720 --> 00:58:14,840 [INDISCERNIBLE] COLLABORATED 1387 00:58:14,840 --> 00:58:18,080 WITH US ON THIS AND THIS WAS A 1388 00:58:18,080 --> 00:58:21,840 RETROSPECTIVE STUDY LOOKING AT 1389 00:58:21,840 --> 00:58:24,920 DIABETIC PATIENTS GIVEN 1390 00:58:24,920 --> 00:58:31,400 DASATINIB A STRONG SALITYIC OR 1391 00:58:31,400 --> 00:58:35,160 EMATINIB SAME DRUG CLASS BUT 1392 00:58:35,160 --> 00:58:38,160 WEAK SENOLYTIC AND PEOPLE WERE 1393 00:58:38,160 --> 00:58:39,000 CONCERNED IF ON EITHER 1394 00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:41,400 MEDICATION FOR AT LEAST A YEAR 1395 00:58:41,400 --> 00:58:42,680 AND WERE GIVEN DRUGS FOR CANS 1396 00:58:42,680 --> 00:58:47,120 ERR DIAGNOSIS AND HAD TO HAVE 1397 00:58:47,120 --> 00:58:51,320 HAD MEASURES OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL 1398 00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:54,240 PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION OF 1399 00:58:54,240 --> 00:58:57,240 EITHER DRUG AND HAD MEASURES OF 1400 00:58:57,240 --> 00:59:03,640 GLYCEMIC CONTROL 12 MONTHS LATER 1401 00:59:03,640 --> 00:59:06,680 THIS SLIDE IS HIGHLIGHTING FACT 1402 00:59:06,680 --> 00:59:09,840 THERE WAS SIGNIFICANT DECREASE 1403 00:59:09,840 --> 00:59:15,600 IN SERUM GLUCOSE IN DASATINIB 1404 00:59:15,600 --> 00:59:23,840 ABOUT YOU NOT EMATINIB GROUP AND 1405 00:59:23,840 --> 00:59:26,880 A1C HEMOGLOBIN THERE WAS AN 1406 00:59:26,880 --> 00:59:30,320 IMPROVEMENT -- TO PUT THIS IN 1407 00:59:30,320 --> 00:59:35,120 CONTEXT THIS CHANGES IN A1C 1408 00:59:35,120 --> 00:59:38,480 ISCOMPARABLE TO MANY CURRENT 1409 00:59:38,480 --> 00:59:41,560 ANTI-GLYCEMIC AGENTS THAT WE 1410 00:59:41,560 --> 00:59:46,960 CURRENTLY USE NOW, ZALENTRENATE, 1411 00:59:46,960 --> 00:59:50,920 IT IS A DIFFERENT STORY. DATA 1412 00:59:50,920 --> 00:59:57,800 WE HAVE FOR IT WAS INITIALLY IN 1413 00:59:57,800 --> 01:00:00,400 LARGE CLINICAL STUDIES TO LOOK 1414 01:00:00,400 --> 01:00:01,480 AT BONE MARROW DENSITY AND 1415 01:00:01,480 --> 01:00:05,080 FRACTURE PREVENTION AND DATA 1416 01:00:05,080 --> 01:00:05,960 SUGGEST 1417 01:00:05,960 --> 01:00:10,720 SUGGESTING XENOTHERAPEUTIC 1418 01:00:10,720 --> 01:00:12,760 EFFECTS CAME LATER AND IS VERY 1419 01:00:12,760 --> 01:00:14,560 GOOD LARGE CLINICAL STUDIES THAT 1420 01:00:14,560 --> 01:00:17,400 ARE, AGAIN, SHOWING MAINTENANCE 1421 01:00:17,400 --> 01:00:19,200 OR IMPROVEMENT OF BONE MINERAL 1422 01:00:19,200 --> 01:00:21,760 DENSITY AND PREVENTION OF 1423 01:00:21,760 --> 01:00:22,200 FRACTURES. 1424 01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:26,880 THERE WAS A MORTALITY BENEFIT 1425 01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:29,280 INDEPENDENT OF PREVENTION OF 1426 01:00:29,280 --> 01:00:33,600 FRACTURES AND IS EVIDENCE FOR 1427 01:00:33,600 --> 01:00:34,640 ZOLEDRONATE IMPROVING DISABILITY 1428 01:00:34,640 --> 01:00:38,400 AND CANCER AND RISK OF CANCER 1429 01:00:38,400 --> 01:00:40,120 AND RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR 1430 01:00:40,120 --> 01:00:43,120 DISEASE. I MENTIONED THAT THIS 1431 01:00:43,120 --> 01:00:47,120 WAS FOLLOWED BY PRECLINICAL 1432 01:00:47,120 --> 01:00:53,320 EVIDENCE BUILDING A CASE FOR 1433 01:00:53,320 --> 01:00:56,240 ZOLEDRONATE AS A SENOLYTIC AGENT 1434 01:00:56,240 --> 01:00:59,960 AND RECENT PAPER PUBLISHED BY 1435 01:00:59,960 --> 01:01:05,480 JOSH BARR AND OTHERS FOR YOU TO 1436 01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:07,880 LOOK AT THAT. 1437 01:01:07,880 --> 01:01:14,920 SO, HOW DO WE PUT ALL THIS 1438 01:01:14,920 --> 01:01:17,160 CURRENT INFORMATION TOGETHER TO 1439 01:01:17,160 --> 01:01:23,120 MAKE SOME SORT OF SUGGESTIONS 1440 01:01:23,120 --> 01:01:26,040 TOWARDS USING THIS INFORMATION 1441 01:01:26,040 --> 01:01:28,640 IN THE CLINIC? 1442 01:01:28,640 --> 01:01:34,680 SO, THIS IS ONE PARADIGM. SO, 1443 01:01:34,680 --> 01:01:38,800 WE HAVE LOTS OF EVIDENCE FOR 1444 01:01:38,800 --> 01:01:43,080 EXERCISE AND DIET INCLUDING 1445 01:01:43,080 --> 01:01:44,800 CALORIC RESTRICTION. 1446 01:01:44,800 --> 01:01:46,640 AND THESE INTERVENTIONS COULD BE 1447 01:01:46,640 --> 01:01:49,920 USED AND ARE USED FOR A SINGLE 1448 01:01:49,920 --> 01:01:51,840 DISEASE STATES AND 1449 01:01:51,840 --> 01:01:53,320 MULTI-MORBIDITY AND TWO CAVEATS 1450 01:01:53,320 --> 01:01:55,160 HERE, OF COURSE, IS BOTH OF 1451 01:01:55,160 --> 01:01:57,480 THESE INTERVENTIONS ARE 1452 01:01:57,480 --> 01:01:58,560 BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS THAT 1453 01:01:58,560 --> 01:02:02,400 MEANS THEY ARE EASY TO 1454 01:02:02,400 --> 01:02:05,480 PREDESCRIBE BUT DIFFICULT TO 1455 01:02:05,480 --> 01:02:07,040 OVERSEE ADHERENCE AND OTHER 1456 01:02:07,040 --> 01:02:10,280 CAVEAT IS THAT AT EXTREMES, BOTH 1457 01:02:10,280 --> 01:02:13,880 INTERVENTIONS CAN HAVE HARMFUL 1458 01:02:13,880 --> 01:02:15,080 EFFECTS. 1459 01:02:15,080 --> 01:02:17,400 THE OTHER PART OF THE PARADIGM 1460 01:02:17,400 --> 01:02:21,480 IS TO TAKE DRUGS THAT WE USE FOR 1461 01:02:21,480 --> 01:02:23,120 SINGLE DISEASE STATES AND PUT 1462 01:02:23,120 --> 01:02:26,960 THEM IN THE CONTEXT OF 1463 01:02:26,960 --> 01:02:29,240 INFORMATION THAT WE HAVE ABOUT 1464 01:02:29,240 --> 01:02:31,840 GEROSCIENCE AND IF WE ARE 1465 01:02:31,840 --> 01:02:33,240 CONSIDERING A DRUG CLASS FOR 1466 01:02:33,240 --> 01:02:37,720 SINGLE DISEASE STATE, WHY NOT 1467 01:02:37,720 --> 01:02:39,880 CONSIDER THOSE DRUGS FOR THOSE 1468 01:02:39,880 --> 01:02:41,840 SINGLE DISEASE STATES THAT HAVE 1469 01:02:41,840 --> 01:02:43,200 ALSO ADDED BENEFIT. 1470 01:02:43,200 --> 01:02:50,120 I HAD MENTIONED METFORMIN ACE 1471 01:02:50,120 --> 01:02:53,920 INHIBITOR AND ZOLEDRONATE AND 1472 01:02:53,920 --> 01:02:56,720 FOR AGING INTERVENTIONS IN 1473 01:02:56,720 --> 01:03:00,160 CONTEXT OF TREATING A DISEASE 1474 01:03:00,160 --> 01:03:02,760 STILL HAS THE -- THE RISK 1475 01:03:02,760 --> 01:03:06,400 BENEFIT EQUATION THAT NEEDS TO 1476 01:03:06,400 --> 01:03:08,880 BE ADDRESSED. 1477 01:03:08,880 --> 01:03:14,280 AFTER 5 TO 6 YEARS OF USE OF ACE 1478 01:03:14,280 --> 01:03:17,280 INHIBITORS INCREASED RISK OF 1479 01:03:17,280 --> 01:03:23,120 LUNG CANCER GIVING ZOLEDRONATE 1480 01:03:23,120 --> 01:03:26,000 GIVES INSIGNIFICANTLY LIKELIHOOD 1481 01:03:26,000 --> 01:03:28,120 OF ACUTE PHASE REACTIONS AND FOR 1482 01:03:28,120 --> 01:03:30,880 ALL DRUGS ARE LIMITATIONS BASED 1483 01:03:30,880 --> 01:03:36,760 ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. 1484 01:03:36,760 --> 01:03:41,760 AND SO THIS SLIDE IS A LITTLE 1485 01:03:41,760 --> 01:03:43,120 MORE CONTROVERSIAL. IN OTHER 1486 01:03:43,120 --> 01:03:46,200 CLINICAL SCENARIOS WHERE MIGHT 1487 01:03:46,200 --> 01:03:49,360 WE CONSIDER USING 1488 01:03:49,360 --> 01:03:51,760 XENOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS? 1489 01:03:51,760 --> 01:03:53,680 WE CERTAINLY WANT THOSE 1490 01:03:53,680 --> 01:03:54,440 CONDITIONS TO HAVE INFORMATION 1491 01:03:54,440 --> 01:03:59,920 THAT IS MEDIATED BY SENESCENCE 1492 01:03:59,920 --> 01:04:02,120 CELLS AND EARLIER AT THE SUMMIT 1493 01:04:02,120 --> 01:04:06,440 WE TALKED ABOUT POSSIBLY USING 1494 01:04:06,440 --> 01:04:08,360 THESE INTERVENTIONS IN PREMATURE 1495 01:04:08,360 --> 01:04:11,280 OR ACCELERATED AGING CONDITIONS 1496 01:04:11,280 --> 01:04:14,680 LIKE IN CHILDHOOD CANCER 1497 01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:17,440 SURVIVORS AND CAN CONSIDER USING 1498 01:04:17,440 --> 01:04:19,040 INTERVENTIONS AND FATAL 1499 01:04:19,040 --> 01:04:20,840 KONLVENTIONS WITH HIGH 1500 01:04:20,840 --> 01:04:26,680 SENESCENCE AND BURDEN AND 1501 01:04:26,680 --> 01:04:28,000 IDIOPATHIC FIBR REAR -- THERE IS 1502 01:04:28,000 --> 01:04:31,120 CONDITIONS AND FACTORS WITHOUT 1503 01:04:31,120 --> 01:04:32,920 KNOWN TREATMENTS AND CLINICAL 1504 01:04:32,920 --> 01:04:36,440 STR ESKERS KNOWN TO GENERATE 1505 01:04:36,440 --> 01:04:38,760 SENESCENCE CELLS THAT I HAVE 1506 01:04:38,760 --> 01:04:41,800 GIVEN EXAMPLES HERE AND 1507 01:04:41,800 --> 01:04:44,480 CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIO THERAPY 1508 01:04:44,480 --> 01:04:47,480 AND HYPOXIA REGENERATION 1509 01:04:47,480 --> 01:04:52,240 SCENARIOS, ET CETERA. I PUT IN 1510 01:04:52,240 --> 01:04:54,440 A FINAL CATEGORY THAT IS NOT 1511 01:04:54,440 --> 01:04:56,760 REALLY A THERAPEUTIC 1512 01:04:56,760 --> 01:04:58,640 INTERVENTION BUT IS CERTAINLY 1513 01:04:58,640 --> 01:05:00,160 SOMETHING THAT WE MUST DO 1514 01:05:00,160 --> 01:05:05,080 ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN 1515 01:05:05,080 --> 01:05:07,120 INCREASINGLY LARGE NUMBER OF 1516 01:05:07,120 --> 01:05:11,120 PATIENTS WHO HAVE 1517 01:05:11,120 --> 01:05:13,080 SELF-ADMINISTERED AVAILABLE XENO 1518 01:05:13,080 --> 01:05:14,400 THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND 1519 01:05:14,400 --> 01:05:18,440 OBLIGATION IS REALLY TO MONITOR 1520 01:05:18,440 --> 01:05:20,800 FOR SAFETY. 1521 01:05:20,800 --> 01:05:24,520 IF POSSIBLE, FOR TARRING 1522 01:05:24,520 --> 01:05:24,840 ENGAGEMENT. 1523 01:05:24,840 --> 01:05:28,840 I WOULD GO ON TO SAY THIS IS 1524 01:05:28,840 --> 01:05:31,040 ALSO AN OPPORTUNITY PROVIDING WE 1525 01:05:31,040 --> 01:05:35,080 CAN GIVE APPROPRIATE EDUCATION 1526 01:05:35,080 --> 01:05:36,400 AND DISSEMINATION AND 1527 01:05:36,400 --> 01:05:38,440 INFORMATION TO CLINICIANS THAT 1528 01:05:38,440 --> 01:05:40,600 CLINICIANS WITH THIS KNOWLEDGE 1529 01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:44,560 SHOULD BE ABLE TO PROVIDE 1530 01:05:44,560 --> 01:05:47,120 REFERRALS TO PATIENTS FOR 1531 01:05:47,120 --> 01:05:54,800 CLINICAL TRIALS BASED ON SOME 1532 01:05:54,800 --> 01:05:56,520 CATEGORIES OR TO MONITOR 1533 01:05:56,520 --> 01:06:00,440 ADEQUATELY SAFETY AND TARGET 1534 01:06:00,440 --> 01:06:04,280 ENGAGE 1535 01:06:04,280 --> 01:06:04,600 ENGAGEMENT. 1536 01:06:04,600 --> 01:06:08,280 I WILL END THERE. THANKS FOR 1537 01:06:08,280 --> 01:06:09,600 YOUR ATTENTION. 1538 01:06:09,600 --> 01:06:11,960 >>THANK YOU AND TO MEETING 1539 01:06:11,960 --> 01:06:16,440 ORGANIZERS FOR ALLOWING ME THE 1540 01:06:16,440 --> 01:06:18,040 INVITATION TO SPEAK HERE ABOUT 1541 01:06:18,040 --> 01:06:20,800 GEROSCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT. 1542 01:06:20,800 --> 01:06:24,120 I HAVE NO 1543 01:06:24,120 --> 01:06:25,720 DISCLOSURES OTHER THAN TO 1544 01:06:25,720 --> 01:06:29,440 ACKNOWLEDGE I'M A CARDIOLOGIST 1545 01:06:29,440 --> 01:06:31,240 AND GEROTRIGS WITH ACADEMIC 1546 01:06:31,240 --> 01:06:33,040 CAREER THAT EVOLVED FROM A 1547 01:06:33,040 --> 01:06:34,640 CLINICAL FOUNDATION AND IS 1548 01:06:34,640 --> 01:06:35,120 PERSPECTIVE AND RELEVANT FOR MY 1549 01:06:35,120 --> 01:06:37,160 TALK AND WE TALKED A GREAT DEAL 1550 01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:39,760 IN THE COURSE OF LAST TWO DAYS 1551 01:06:39,760 --> 01:06:41,320 ABOUT STANDARDS OF HEALTH CARE 1552 01:06:41,320 --> 01:06:43,200 THAT ARE DISEASE-BASED SILOS 1553 01:06:43,200 --> 01:06:46,200 THAT WE LIVE WITHIN SILO AS 1554 01:06:46,200 --> 01:06:47,760 CLINICIANS AND EACH SILO 1555 01:06:47,760 --> 01:06:49,760 INFORMED BY EVIDENCE-BASED 1556 01:06:49,760 --> 01:06:51,520 RATIONALE THERE IS INVESTMENT 1557 01:06:51,520 --> 01:06:53,280 AND PRIDE IN GUIDELINES BASED 1558 01:06:53,280 --> 01:06:55,400 CARE AND RESEARCH IS DISEASE 1559 01:06:55,400 --> 01:06:58,680 SPECIFIC AND ADMINISTRATION OF 1560 01:06:58,680 --> 01:07:01,760 CARE IS DISEASE SPECIFIC 1561 01:07:01,760 --> 01:07:04,600 MANAGEMENT IS ORIENT TODAY 1562 01:07:04,600 --> 01:07:05,720 SPECIALTIES BY CHOICE 1563 01:07:05,720 --> 01:07:09,280 CONSTRICTED FOCUS ON PANELO 1564 01:07:09,280 --> 01:07:12,560 PHYSIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS AND 1565 01:07:12,560 --> 01:07:14,840 THERAPEUTICS AND RESEARCH AND 1566 01:07:14,840 --> 01:07:16,800 EXPANSIVE RESEARCH RATIONALE IS 1567 01:07:16,800 --> 01:07:19,080 DISEASE SPECIFIC AND ASSOCIATED 1568 01:07:19,080 --> 01:07:21,440 WITH BUSINESS MODEL TO BE 1569 01:07:21,440 --> 01:07:23,280 RELEVANT AND ADMINISTRATIVE WITH 1570 01:07:23,280 --> 01:07:24,920 CLINICIAN HOLDERS AND ENTIRE 1571 01:07:24,920 --> 01:07:27,760 CARE AS WE THINK ABOUT IT. 1572 01:07:27,760 --> 01:07:31,080 PATIENT ORIENTED INTEGRATED CARE 1573 01:07:31,080 --> 01:07:33,040 GERIATRICS AND PREVENTION ARE 1574 01:07:33,040 --> 01:07:35,000 REALLY OFTEN DIMINISHED IN EYES 1575 01:07:35,000 --> 01:07:36,720 OF OTHER STAKEHOLDERS BECAUSE 1576 01:07:36,720 --> 01:07:40,160 THEY RUN IN OPPOSITION TO THIS 1577 01:07:40,160 --> 01:07:40,880 MODEL. 1578 01:07:40,880 --> 01:07:43,200 HERE WE ARE IN THIS WONDERFUL 1579 01:07:43,200 --> 01:07:47,120 SUMMIT TALKING ABOUT HEALTH 1580 01:07:47,120 --> 01:07:50,800 SAVING AND LAWEDIBLE GOALS -- 1581 01:07:50,800 --> 01:07:52,400 POLYFARPCY AND DISABLE THE 1582 01:07:52,400 --> 01:07:54,000 GAPPED HEALTH FREE FROM CHRONIC 1583 01:07:54,000 --> 01:07:56,440 DISEASES AND DISABILITY OF AGING 1584 01:07:56,440 --> 01:07:59,720 AND ICON A CONVENIENT ICON AND 1585 01:07:59,720 --> 01:08:03,480 SO MANY PEOPLE GIVE LECTURES 1586 01:08:03,480 --> 01:08:05,600 SHOWING CARLOS LOPEZ ICON FROM 1587 01:08:05,600 --> 01:08:07,480 2013 AND GETTING UPDATED IN 1588 01:08:07,480 --> 01:08:10,880 COURSE OF THIS SEMINAR SHOWING 1589 01:08:10,880 --> 01:08:11,920 INTERCONNECTIONS AND SPECTACULAR 1590 01:08:11,920 --> 01:08:19,920 USE TO PROVIDE CONCEPTS. 1591 01:08:19,920 --> 01:08:21,800 THIS IS AN INTERESTING CARTOON 1592 01:08:21,800 --> 01:08:25,760 IN EDITORIAL TALKING ABOUT ICON 1593 01:08:25,760 --> 01:08:29,480 OF GEROSCIENCE BEING NIMBLE AND 1594 01:08:29,480 --> 01:08:32,320 DYNAMIC COMPARED TO JERONTOLOGY 1595 01:08:32,320 --> 01:08:35,440 ENTRENCHED IN DISEASES AND 1596 01:08:35,440 --> 01:08:36,600 GERIATRICS TINKERING WITH DEATH 1597 01:08:36,600 --> 01:08:39,640 AND NOTHING TO DO WITH 1598 01:08:39,640 --> 01:08:41,040 GERIATRICS NOVEL WITH 1599 01:08:41,040 --> 01:08:42,360 GEROSCIENCE THAT I AGREED WITH 1600 01:08:42,360 --> 01:08:44,920 THIS AS A CLINICIAN AND WE KNOW 1601 01:08:44,920 --> 01:08:48,720 GERIATRICS IS INFUSED WITH 1602 01:08:48,720 --> 01:08:51,040 VITALITY BY [INDISCERNIBLE] 1603 01:08:51,040 --> 01:08:52,920 CONCEPTION OF GERIATRIC 5MS 1604 01:08:52,920 --> 01:08:53,680 THINKING WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO 1605 01:08:53,680 --> 01:08:56,960 PEOPLE AND MATTERS TO THEM AND 1606 01:08:56,960 --> 01:08:59,360 MOBILITY AND MIND AND CHOICES OF 1607 01:08:59,360 --> 01:09:01,760 MEDICATIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGING 1608 01:09:01,760 --> 01:09:03,800 COMPLEXITY AND IS BIDIRECTIONAL 1609 01:09:03,800 --> 01:09:05,920 RELATIONSHIP WHAT WE CAN DO AND 1610 01:09:05,920 --> 01:09:08,440 THINK ABOUT WITH GEROSCIENCE AND 1611 01:09:08,440 --> 01:09:11,040 GERIATRICS AND ONE THING ABOUT 1612 01:09:11,040 --> 01:09:12,120 CARDIOLOGY AND DISEASE BASED 1613 01:09:12,120 --> 01:09:14,240 SOMEWHERE IN THE MIDDLE AGING 1614 01:09:14,240 --> 01:09:16,960 YOU ARE VULNERABLE TO DISEASES 1615 01:09:16,960 --> 01:09:19,360 WE CAN JERAT TRIS SIZE 1616 01:09:19,360 --> 01:09:20,480 SPECIALTIES WITH COMPLEXITIES WE 1617 01:09:20,480 --> 01:09:23,160 KNOW ARE PART OF GEROSCIENCE AND 1618 01:09:23,160 --> 01:09:25,000 INFORMING BEST CARE FOR OLDER 1619 01:09:25,000 --> 01:09:26,600 ADULTS THAT WE TALKED EARLIER 1620 01:09:26,600 --> 01:09:28,400 TODAY ABOUT THE COMPLEXITY OF 1621 01:09:28,400 --> 01:09:30,920 DISEASE THAT IS A SCHEMATIC I 1622 01:09:30,920 --> 01:09:33,760 USED IN 2015 WHEN I -- AS PART 1623 01:09:33,760 --> 01:09:36,440 OF A U13 SEMINAR IT TA IS STILL 1624 01:09:36,440 --> 01:09:41,680 VERY RELEVANT AND TALKS ABOUT 1625 01:09:41,680 --> 01:09:42,800 BURGEONING UNDERSTANDING THAT 1626 01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:45,720 CARDIOLOGY IS NOT DISEASE 1627 01:09:45,720 --> 01:09:48,880 SPECIFIC BUT MULTIPLE DISEASES 1628 01:09:48,880 --> 01:09:50,680 AND IT IS KNOWN BY DEFINITION TO 1629 01:09:50,680 --> 01:09:53,480 OCCUR IN ASSOCIATIONS WITH 1630 01:09:53,480 --> 01:09:56,560 CHANGE OF BODY COMPOSITION AND 1631 01:09:56,560 --> 01:09:59,240 CHANGES IN METABOLISM AND 1632 01:09:59,240 --> 01:10:00,720 ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER DISEASES 1633 01:10:00,720 --> 01:10:02,240 AND HEART DISEASE IS ONE DISEASE 1634 01:10:02,240 --> 01:10:05,520 IN CONTEXT OF MULTI-MORBIDITY 1635 01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:08,760 HARDWIRED TO ISSUES OF FRAILTY 1636 01:10:08,760 --> 01:10:10,440 AND ISSUES OF SOCIAL 1637 01:10:10,440 --> 01:10:12,440 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 1638 01:10:12,440 --> 01:10:14,400 PERMEATING WORKSHOP AND OLDER 1639 01:10:14,400 --> 01:10:16,480 ADULT WITH HEART DISEASE IS 1640 01:10:16,480 --> 01:10:19,160 DIFFERENT THAN YOUNGER ADULT 1641 01:10:19,160 --> 01:10:25,160 WITH HEART DISEASE AND ALL 1642 01:10:25,160 --> 01:10:28,880 COMPLEXITIES ARE BORN ON TOP 1643 01:10:28,880 --> 01:10:31,160 LAYER OF -- AND TOP LAYER FACT 1644 01:10:31,160 --> 01:10:34,000 THAT PATIENTS HAVE MULTIPLE 1645 01:10:34,000 --> 01:10:37,080 PROVIDERS WITH OWN GUIDELINES 1646 01:10:37,080 --> 01:10:39,200 BASED PERCEPTIONS AND BEST CARE 1647 01:10:39,200 --> 01:10:42,880 AND PATIENT CARE IS DIFFERENT 1648 01:10:42,880 --> 01:10:46,520 THERE IS ASSOCIATED ISSUES WITH 1649 01:10:46,520 --> 01:10:48,200 COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL DECLINE 1650 01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:50,000 AND PREDISPOSITION TO FALLS THAT 1651 01:10:50,000 --> 01:10:53,720 IS CHALLENGE OF HEALTH CARE FOR 1652 01:10:53,720 --> 01:10:56,720 OLDER POPULATION AND LINDA'S 1653 01:10:56,720 --> 01:10:58,960 WORK AND WORK BY JEREMY WALSTON 1654 01:10:58,960 --> 01:11:02,640 AND MANY OTHERS WAS HUGE IN 1655 01:11:02,640 --> 01:11:05,960 IMPACTING JERAT TRIS SIZING CARD 1656 01:11:05,960 --> 01:11:08,720 YOL AND BASE CARE AND EXPLOSION 1657 01:11:08,720 --> 01:11:11,280 OF LITERATURE PEOPLE THAT ARE 1658 01:11:11,280 --> 01:11:13,200 FRAIL DON'T DO WELL -- EVIDENCE 1659 01:11:13,200 --> 01:11:15,360 -- BASED GUIDELINES ARE USED 1660 01:11:15,360 --> 01:11:19,360 NOTION GOES BACK TO FUNDAMENTAL 1661 01:11:19,360 --> 01:11:22,080 OF GEROSCIENCE AND GIVE RISE TO 1662 01:11:22,080 --> 01:11:24,840 DOWN STREAM EFFECT OF PHENOTYPE 1663 01:11:24,840 --> 01:11:28,680 AND DEFICIT ACCUMULATION HOW WE 1664 01:11:28,680 --> 01:11:30,960 MEASURE FRAILTY REMAINS 1665 01:11:30,960 --> 01:11:32,440 CONTROVERSIAL BUT SCIENCE IS 1666 01:11:32,440 --> 01:11:34,680 RICHNESS AND GEROSCIENCE 1667 01:11:34,680 --> 01:11:35,960 INFORMEDO HEALITY THAT IS 1668 01:11:35,960 --> 01:11:37,920 EXPLOSION OF LITERATURE MEANT TO 1669 01:11:37,920 --> 01:11:39,400 REPRESENT A EXAMPLE AND 1670 01:11:39,400 --> 01:11:41,040 [INDISCERNIBLE] WROTE A SERIES 1671 01:11:41,040 --> 01:11:43,960 OF ARTICLES MENTEE WENT TO DO 1672 01:11:43,960 --> 01:11:46,320 PHD AT HOPKINS PAPER AFTER PAPER 1673 01:11:46,320 --> 01:11:48,600 LOOKING AT ISSUES OF FRAILTY 1674 01:11:48,600 --> 01:11:51,440 THAT IS PREDICTIVE IN 1675 01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:52,120 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 1676 01:11:52,120 --> 01:11:54,080 PEOPLE THAT ARE FRAIL ARE MORE 1677 01:11:54,080 --> 01:11:56,160 LIKELY TO HAVE CARDIOVASCULAR 1678 01:11:56,160 --> 01:11:58,600 DISEASE AND OTHER DISEASES AND 1679 01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:02,000 PEOPLE WITH CARDIOVASCULAR 1680 01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:05,680 DISEASE ARE FRAIL AND LIKELY -- 1681 01:12:05,680 --> 01:12:06,920 LOSSIN DEPENDENCE AND MANY OF 1682 01:12:06,920 --> 01:12:09,800 YOU HAVE WRITTEN SIMILAR ARTICLE 1683 01:12:09,800 --> 01:12:11,360 MANDZ HAVE AND SO MUCH EXPLOSION 1684 01:12:11,360 --> 01:12:13,760 OF LITERATURE WITH OVERLAPPING 1685 01:12:13,760 --> 01:12:16,200 THEMES JERAT TRIS SIZING CARD 1686 01:12:16,200 --> 01:12:18,080 YOL AND KNOW WHOG WILL HAVE BEST 1687 01:12:18,080 --> 01:12:19,960 AND WORST OUTCOMES SCHEMATIC 1688 01:12:19,960 --> 01:12:22,560 THAT SUMMARIZES MY EVOLUTION AND 1689 01:12:22,560 --> 01:12:25,160 MY TRAINING WAS REALLY 1690 01:12:25,160 --> 01:12:28,040 PREOCCUPIED WITH BOTTOM TWO 1691 01:12:28,040 --> 01:12:29,720 CIRCLES KNOWS AS ONE GETS OLDER 1692 01:12:29,720 --> 01:12:33,080 THERE IS FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGICAL 1693 01:12:33,080 --> 01:12:35,960 CHANGES WITH ENDOTHELIUM AND 1694 01:12:35,960 --> 01:12:37,800 [INDISCERNIBLE] BY OTHERS AT 1695 01:12:37,800 --> 01:12:40,040 INTRAMURAL PROGRAM TALKING ABOUT 1696 01:12:40,040 --> 01:12:41,760 INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE 1697 01:12:41,760 --> 01:12:45,760 STRESS SOMEWHAT AMBIGUOUSLY AND 1698 01:12:45,760 --> 01:12:49,400 WITH EXPLOSION OF GEROSCIENCE WE 1699 01:12:49,400 --> 01:12:53,400 UNDERSTAND THIS REGULAR OTOPATHY 1700 01:12:53,400 --> 01:12:57,600 AND SUDDENLY BASIC CONCEPT OF 1701 01:12:57,600 --> 01:12:59,240 CARDIOLOGY WAS JERAT TRIS SIZED 1702 01:12:59,240 --> 01:13:01,680 AND INFORMED WITH GEROSCIENCE 1703 01:13:01,680 --> 01:13:03,360 PRINCIPLES I LOVE THE SCHEMATIC 1704 01:13:03,360 --> 01:13:05,440 AND I REALLY DO SIMILAR PERFECT 1705 01:13:05,440 --> 01:13:07,720 INSIM PUBLISHING AGAIN LAST 1706 01:13:07,720 --> 01:13:10,960 ARTICLE AND PICTURE AND THIS ONE 1707 01:13:10,960 --> 01:13:13,200 IN MAINSTREAM CARDIOLOGY 1708 01:13:13,200 --> 01:13:15,720 JOURNALS TALKING ABOUT CARDIAC 1709 01:13:15,720 --> 01:13:19,920 DISEASES END STAGE LEAVES ON THE 1710 01:13:19,920 --> 01:13:22,600 TREE AND MACRO VASCULAR PAD AND 1711 01:13:22,600 --> 01:13:25,200 HEART FAILURE AND STROKES AND 1712 01:13:25,200 --> 01:13:27,360 OTHER BRANCHES TYING IN ISSUES 1713 01:13:27,360 --> 01:13:30,440 OF CNS AND DEPRESSION COGNITIVE 1714 01:13:30,440 --> 01:13:34,640 AGING MUSCULOSKELETAL SARCOPENIA 1715 01:13:34,640 --> 01:13:36,880 AND BRANCHES DRIVEN BY TRUVENGS 1716 01:13:36,880 --> 01:13:39,520 OF HALLMARKS OF AGING AND 1717 01:13:39,520 --> 01:13:41,280 OVERLAPPING WITH HAENLER'S 1718 01:13:41,280 --> 01:13:43,760 WONDERFUL TALK TALKING ABOUT 1719 01:13:43,760 --> 01:13:45,760 STRESSES THAT THREATEN AND 1720 01:13:45,760 --> 01:13:48,960 EXACERBATE ISSUES WITH LOSS OF 1721 01:13:48,960 --> 01:13:51,200 RESILIENCE AND CHILD OBESITY AND 1722 01:13:51,200 --> 01:13:53,760 OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 1723 01:13:53,760 --> 01:13:55,720 FACTORS CHOLESTEROL AND 1724 01:13:55,720 --> 01:13:57,000 UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE INTEGRATED 1725 01:13:57,000 --> 01:14:00,160 TOGETHER IN ONE SCHEMATIC THIS 1726 01:14:00,160 --> 01:14:01,760 IS CARDIAC DISEASE AND EVERY 1727 01:14:01,760 --> 01:14:03,360 OTHER DISEASE IN ONE TREE AND I 1728 01:14:03,360 --> 01:14:07,960 WANT TO DWELL ON THIS BY LUIGI 1729 01:14:07,960 --> 01:14:11,560 INFORMING MY CAREER TALKING 1730 01:14:11,560 --> 01:14:13,200 ABOUT HALLMARKS AND CONVERGING 1731 01:14:13,200 --> 01:14:16,920 -- ENDPOINT DRIVING DOWN 1732 01:14:16,920 --> 01:14:17,520 DISEASES AND THINKING ABOUT 1733 01:14:17,520 --> 01:14:21,760 INFLAM AGING WE ARE THINKING 1734 01:14:21,760 --> 01:14:22,520 PROFOUNDLY HOW TO CHANGE CARE 1735 01:14:22,520 --> 01:14:24,360 AND MANAGEMENT IN FUNTDMENTAL 1736 01:14:24,360 --> 01:14:27,200 WAY. CARD YOLSS ARE CARD YOLSS 1737 01:14:27,200 --> 01:14:28,360 THINKING OF THEIR DISEASE AS 1738 01:14:28,360 --> 01:14:30,880 CENTER OF THE WORLD IT HAS BEEN 1739 01:14:30,880 --> 01:14:33,760 PREDOMINATED BY INFLAMMATION OF 1740 01:14:33,760 --> 01:14:37,800 CARDIAC ISSUE SOLELY AND -- 1741 01:14:37,800 --> 01:14:40,840 PREEM NAPT AND QUITE BRILLIANT 1742 01:14:40,840 --> 01:14:41,440 DOING LANDMARK WORK SEVERAL 1743 01:14:41,440 --> 01:14:43,400 HUNDRED ARTICLES LOOKING AT 1744 01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:47,000 INFLAMMATION AND EFFECTS ON 1745 01:14:47,000 --> 01:14:48,680 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND PAUL 1746 01:14:48,680 --> 01:14:50,920 HIS PROET ASHA WENT ON WITH 1747 01:14:50,920 --> 01:14:53,400 TOWERING STUDIES OF MY CAREER 1748 01:14:53,400 --> 01:14:56,840 TALKING IN THIS CASE OF KAN TOES 1749 01:14:56,840 --> 01:15:01,200 TRIAL AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 1750 01:15:01,200 --> 01:15:04,600 MONOCLONIAL ANTIBODY INHIBITOR 1751 01:15:04,600 --> 01:15:07,000 AND LOOKING AT OVER 10,000 1752 01:15:07,000 --> 01:15:09,000 PEOPLE IN HUGE EXPENSIVE TRIAL 1753 01:15:09,000 --> 01:15:11,800 ALL POST MI WITH HIGH 1754 01:15:11,800 --> 01:15:14,280 INFLAMMATION SHOWING GIVING DRUG 1755 01:15:14,280 --> 01:15:17,760 AT 150 MILLION DOSE ELATED 50 1756 01:15:17,760 --> 01:15:19,600 MILLIGRAMS EVERY THREE MONTHS NO 1757 01:15:19,600 --> 01:15:23,040 THE GOOD ENOUGH AND INFECTIONS 1758 01:15:23,040 --> 01:15:26,800 AND 150 WAS A SWEET SPOT WITH 1759 01:15:26,800 --> 01:15:28,720 CARDIOVASCULAR ENDPOINT FOCUS 1760 01:15:28,720 --> 01:15:31,040 LOOKING AT MI STROKE AND DEATH 1761 01:15:31,040 --> 01:15:32,720 AND POWERFUL AND MADE IT 1762 01:15:32,720 --> 01:15:35,760 POWERFUL TO ME IS GERIATRIC 1763 01:15:35,760 --> 01:15:37,800 CARDIOLOGIST SAME WEEK THIS 1764 01:15:37,800 --> 01:15:39,640 PUBLISHED THIS PUBLISHED IN 1765 01:15:39,640 --> 01:15:42,680 LANCIT SAME DATA AND PUBLICATION 1766 01:15:42,680 --> 01:15:49,200 LOOKING AT CANCER AND NEW 1767 01:15:49,200 --> 01:15:50,640 ENGLAND JOURNAL WOULDN'T PUBLISH 1768 01:15:50,640 --> 01:15:52,920 BOTH ARTICLES IN SAME ISSUE 1769 01:15:52,920 --> 01:15:54,880 BECAUSE THEY WERE SPECIFIC -- 1770 01:15:54,880 --> 01:15:57,400 GOES TO LANCET TELLING US WITH 1771 01:15:57,400 --> 01:16:00,440 GREAT COLOR HERE IT IS 1772 01:16:00,440 --> 01:16:03,160 BEGINNINGS ALMOST BY ACCIDENT OF 1773 01:16:03,160 --> 01:16:05,760 GEROSCIENCE IN CARD YOL 1774 01:16:05,760 --> 01:16:09,760 COMMUNITY -- CANCER EFFECTED BY 1775 01:16:09,760 --> 01:16:14,920 ROBUST IL1 REDUCTION. 1776 01:16:14,920 --> 01:16:17,680 THE GROUP WENT ON TO LOOK AT 1777 01:16:17,680 --> 01:16:19,200 HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR HEART 1778 01:16:19,200 --> 01:16:22,280 FAILURE AND ANEMIA AND GOUT AND 1779 01:16:22,280 --> 01:16:24,480 THESE ARE GEROTHERAPEUTICS AND 1780 01:16:24,480 --> 01:16:27,640 REALLY NOT INTENDING TO BUT 1781 01:16:27,640 --> 01:16:31,080 BECOMING SO DEFACTO AND FOCUSES 1782 01:16:31,080 --> 01:16:32,920 REMAIN SAME FOR MANY ARD YOLSS 1783 01:16:32,920 --> 01:16:36,040 GOING ON TO LOOK AT OTHER TYPES 1784 01:16:36,040 --> 01:16:38,560 OF INFLAMMATORY AGENTS FOR 1785 01:16:38,560 --> 01:16:40,160 CARDIAC DISEASE. 1786 01:16:40,160 --> 01:16:43,200 -- GIVING .5 MILLIGRAMS 1787 01:16:43,200 --> 01:16:48,080 EFFECTIVE REDUCING 1788 01:16:48,080 --> 01:16:50,040 CARDIOVASCULAR ENDPOINTS AND 1789 01:16:50,040 --> 01:16:53,040 METHO TRECHLATE -- BENEFITS NOT 1790 01:16:53,040 --> 01:16:55,200 AS EFFECTIVE CLINICALLY FROM 1791 01:16:55,200 --> 01:16:57,040 THAT PERSPECTIVE AND NOT DOING 1792 01:16:57,040 --> 01:16:59,520 RELUCTANT TO DO I WOULD SAY IS 1793 01:16:59,520 --> 01:17:01,320 THINKING ABOUT HOW THEY MIGHT BE 1794 01:17:01,320 --> 01:17:05,200 ABLE TO REDUCE OTHER 1795 01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:07,200 ANTIINFLAMMATORIES REDUCE 1796 01:17:07,200 --> 01:17:09,520 CARDIAC DISEASE AND OTHER ISSUES 1797 01:17:09,520 --> 01:17:12,360 MORE BROAD IN FRAILTY AND IDEA I 1798 01:17:12,360 --> 01:17:15,480 BROUGHT FORWARD TO TEAM MANY 1799 01:17:15,480 --> 01:17:21,200 YEARS AGO [INDISCERNIBLE] 1800 01:17:21,200 --> 01:17:22,800 PREDOMINANTLY SITUATED AND GOT 1801 01:17:22,800 --> 01:17:26,600 THIS THAT IS NOT PUBLISHED YET 1802 01:17:26,600 --> 01:17:28,560 IN REVIEW IN PRESUMPTION SHOWING 1803 01:17:28,560 --> 01:17:30,880 THIS. IT IS AN IMPORTANT POINT 1804 01:17:30,880 --> 01:17:32,400 SHOWING SAME DRUG AND POPULATION 1805 01:17:32,400 --> 01:17:34,840 WITHOUT AN EFFECT AND SUDDENLY 1806 01:17:34,840 --> 01:17:37,200 RAISES ISSUE IS PARADIGM WRONG 1807 01:17:37,200 --> 01:17:39,480 AND LOU EENLI'S BEAUTIFUL 1808 01:17:39,480 --> 01:17:41,320 ARTICLE WRONG LOOKING AT 1809 01:17:41,320 --> 01:17:43,880 FRAILTIES 34 ITEM DEFICIT 1810 01:17:43,880 --> 01:17:46,000 ACCUMULATION INDEX WORKING ON IT 1811 01:17:46,000 --> 01:17:48,560 CLOSELY WITH KEN AND OTHERS 1812 01:17:48,560 --> 01:17:49,960 PREEM NEPT IN THE FIELD AND WHAT 1813 01:17:49,960 --> 01:17:51,640 WAS WRONG WITH THIS? 1814 01:17:51,640 --> 01:17:54,440 PUTTING TOGETHER SCHEMATIC OF 1815 01:17:54,440 --> 01:17:56,840 FRAIL -- OF INFLAM AGING AND 1816 01:17:56,840 --> 01:17:59,880 EFFECTS AND JUXTAPOSED WITH DATA 1817 01:17:59,880 --> 01:18:03,720 AND PAUL RICHTER PERSPECTIVE IS 1818 01:18:03,720 --> 01:18:07,160 DRUG IS WRONG USING ANOTHER 1819 01:18:07,160 --> 01:18:09,760 ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG THAT IS 1820 01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:12,320 TOO TOXIC THEY SAID IT MAY BE 1821 01:18:12,320 --> 01:18:15,440 WRONG FRAILTY INDEX AND MAYBE 1822 01:18:15,440 --> 01:18:17,760 DEFICIT ACCUMULATION IS NOT AS 1823 01:18:17,760 --> 01:18:19,480 ROBUST PERHAPS AS PHENOTYPE AND 1824 01:18:19,480 --> 01:18:21,080 MAYBE TALKING YOU KNOW WITH A 1825 01:18:21,080 --> 01:18:22,440 DIFFERENT MODEL THAT I THINK 1826 01:18:22,440 --> 01:18:24,520 FROM THIS SEMINAR WE WOULD SAY 1827 01:18:24,520 --> 01:18:27,320 MAYBE WE ARE NOT LOOKING 1828 01:18:27,320 --> 01:18:29,400 UPSTREAM AND MAYBE GETTING 1829 01:18:29,400 --> 01:18:31,600 SENOLYTICS OR THINKING ABOUT 1830 01:18:31,600 --> 01:18:33,400 MITOCHONDRIA OR THINKING ABOUT 1831 01:18:33,400 --> 01:18:35,840 RESILIENCE AND ARE ISSUES WHERE 1832 01:18:35,840 --> 01:18:37,560 PEOPLE LIVE THAT WERE NEVER 1833 01:18:37,560 --> 01:18:40,160 FACTORED IF LIVING IN BLUE ZONE 1834 01:18:40,160 --> 01:18:41,600 PEOPLE LIVE LONGER AND HEARD 1835 01:18:41,600 --> 01:18:45,760 FIRST DAY INDIGENOUS POPULATION 1836 01:18:45,760 --> 01:18:49,760 LOOKING WRONG WITHOUT DRUGS LIVE 1837 01:18:49,760 --> 01:18:54,320 LONGER MEDICAL DESERT NOT -- 1838 01:18:54,320 --> 01:18:57,600 THESE ARE ALL ISSUES WE HAVE TO 1839 01:18:57,600 --> 01:19:01,320 THINK ABOUT AND CARD YOLSS 1840 01:19:01,320 --> 01:19:03,440 ARTICLE THAT IS IN REVIEW LIKELY 1841 01:19:03,440 --> 01:19:06,400 TO BE PUBLISHED SHOWING 1842 01:19:06,400 --> 01:19:09,760 PREDOMINANCE OF HALLMARKS OF 1843 01:19:09,760 --> 01:19:12,880 AGING THROUGHOUT MANY DIFFERENT 1844 01:19:12,880 --> 01:19:14,360 CARDIAC DISEASES AND WE SHOULD 1845 01:19:14,360 --> 01:19:16,280 TREAT THESE THINGS WITH AGENTS 1846 01:19:16,280 --> 01:19:19,240 TREATING HALLMARKS OF AGING AND 1847 01:19:19,240 --> 01:19:22,360 THIS WORK BY DOUG SALES TEAM IN 1848 01:19:22,360 --> 01:19:25,360 BOULDER TALK ABOUT THIS GROUP OF 1849 01:19:25,360 --> 01:19:27,920 POTENTIAL DRUGS INOK WOULD US TO 1850 01:19:27,920 --> 01:19:30,920 TAKE PRESUMABLY WITH SUCH 1851 01:19:30,920 --> 01:19:33,640 PROFOUND EFFECTS INCREASING 1852 01:19:33,640 --> 01:19:36,320 RESILIENCE MITIGATING CARDIAC 1853 01:19:36,320 --> 01:19:37,520 DISEASE AND PREMISE THAT THEY 1854 01:19:37,520 --> 01:19:41,760 HAVE IN THIS ARTICLE IS A 1855 01:19:41,760 --> 01:19:45,760 BEAUTIFUL ARTICLE SAYING PEOPLE 1856 01:19:45,760 --> 01:19:53,120 THAT -- THAT IS A FANTASY I 1857 01:19:53,120 --> 01:19:55,000 THINK WE DON'T HAVE DATA TO 1858 01:19:55,000 --> 01:19:56,560 SUPPORT IT. WE ARE NOT TESTING 1859 01:19:56,560 --> 01:19:59,000 IT OR THINKING ABOUT WHO IS 1860 01:19:59,000 --> 01:20:01,440 TAKING DRUGS MY EXPERIENCE TAKEN 1861 01:20:01,440 --> 01:20:04,480 BY MOST EDUCATED PATIENTS IN 1862 01:20:04,480 --> 01:20:07,200 GOOGLE AND NOT LOOKING AT INNER 1863 01:20:07,200 --> 01:20:10,480 CITY PEOPLE AND LIVING IN RURAL 1864 01:20:10,480 --> 01:20:13,240 KIND OF AREAS AND ARE MISSING 1865 01:20:13,240 --> 01:20:15,440 THE PROMISE THAT RESEARCHERS 1866 01:20:15,440 --> 01:20:16,560 TALK ABOUT AS BEING THEIR GOAL. 1867 01:20:16,560 --> 01:20:19,920 I DON'T THINK WE ARE THERE FOR 1868 01:20:19,920 --> 01:20:21,280 GEROSCIENCE TAKING OVER 1869 01:20:21,280 --> 01:20:23,320 MANAGEMENT THAT IS MORE OF A 1870 01:20:23,320 --> 01:20:25,480 FANTASY AND IF WE HAVE 1871 01:20:25,480 --> 01:20:27,280 GEROSCIENCE WE ACKNOWLEDGE 1872 01:20:27,280 --> 01:20:29,720 COMPLEXITY THAT INTERACTIONS 1873 01:20:29,720 --> 01:20:33,760 AMONG HALLMARKS THEMSELVES 1874 01:20:33,760 --> 01:20:35,920 VARIANCE RESILIENCE COMPLEX 1875 01:20:35,920 --> 01:20:37,120 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISEASES 1876 01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:38,880 AND HOW THESE EFFECT EACH OTHER 1877 01:20:38,880 --> 01:20:41,560 GOING BACK TO ACTUAL HALLMARKS 1878 01:20:41,560 --> 01:20:42,520 THEMSELVES THERE IS COMPLEXITY 1879 01:20:42,520 --> 01:20:45,000 WE HAVEN'T WORKED OUT AND POINT 1880 01:20:45,000 --> 01:20:49,080 TO IT FROM A FAR. CONTRACTING 1881 01:20:49,080 --> 01:20:51,880 THAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR 1882 01:20:51,880 --> 01:20:53,720 PREVENTION I THINK ARE SWEET 1883 01:20:53,720 --> 01:20:57,560 SPOT AMERICA HEART ASSOCIATION A 1884 01:20:57,560 --> 01:21:00,120 YEAR AGO GOAL TREATING HEART 1885 01:21:00,120 --> 01:21:02,160 DISEASE THAT IS CARDIOVASCULAR 1886 01:21:02,160 --> 01:21:04,840 HEALTH PREVENTION AND IMPLIES 1887 01:21:04,840 --> 01:21:08,720 ABSENCE OF CLINICALLY MANIFEST 1888 01:21:08,720 --> 01:21:10,800 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 1889 01:21:10,800 --> 01:21:12,200 OPPORTUNITY TO THINK ABOUT 1890 01:21:12,200 --> 01:21:15,160 TAKING JEO SCIENCE AND LINKING 1891 01:21:15,160 --> 01:21:18,200 IT TO THESE LIFE'S ESSENTIAL AID 1892 01:21:18,200 --> 01:21:19,920 THINKING ABOUT HOW TO REALLY 1893 01:21:19,920 --> 01:21:22,800 THINK ABOUT DIET AND PHYSICAL 1894 01:21:22,800 --> 01:21:24,560 ACTIVITY AND SMOKING CESSATION 1895 01:21:24,560 --> 01:21:26,840 AND BODY MASS INDEX AND 1896 01:21:26,840 --> 01:21:28,520 ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD HEALTH TYING 1897 01:21:28,520 --> 01:21:30,920 INTO GEROSCIENCE PRINCIPLES 1898 01:21:30,920 --> 01:21:32,720 INTUITIVE TO THIS AUDIENCE AND 1899 01:21:32,720 --> 01:21:34,640 MAKING THAT PART OF 5MS HOW TO 1900 01:21:34,640 --> 01:21:37,160 AGE WELL. THIS IS NOT AN 1901 01:21:37,160 --> 01:21:38,600 ANTIQUE BUT WHAT MATTERS TO 1902 01:21:38,600 --> 01:21:42,400 PEOPLE AND HOW THEY WANT TO LIVE 1903 01:21:42,400 --> 01:21:46,000 LIVES AND MAINTAIN VITALITY THAT 1904 01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:51,200 IS BEST CARE FOR NEUR OLSZ AND 1905 01:21:51,200 --> 01:21:53,880 GOING BACK TO LOU EENLI FIRST 1906 01:21:53,880 --> 01:21:56,200 DAY GERIATRICS IS FOR ALL AGES 1907 01:21:56,200 --> 01:21:59,800 BEST CARE AND REFRAMES NOTION OF 1908 01:21:59,800 --> 01:22:01,720 AEROBIC EXERCISE PAIN IS FWAN 1909 01:22:01,720 --> 01:22:05,520 AND ENHANCING MITOCHONDRIAL 1910 01:22:05,520 --> 01:22:09,280 RESPONSES AND SIGNALING AND 1911 01:22:09,280 --> 01:22:11,360 ENHANCING -- ANTIINFLAMMATORY 1912 01:22:11,360 --> 01:22:12,840 PROPERTIES AND STIMULATING 1913 01:22:12,840 --> 01:22:14,560 MUSCLE GROWTH IS WHAT WE SHOULD 1914 01:22:14,560 --> 01:22:17,760 BE DOING AND PEOPLE WILL ARGUE 1915 01:22:17,760 --> 01:22:19,600 GETTING EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST 1916 01:22:19,600 --> 01:22:21,040 ABOUT DOSE AND FREQUENCY AND 1917 01:22:21,040 --> 01:22:23,040 MODE AND GETTING PEOPLE OFF 1918 01:22:23,040 --> 01:22:25,320 CHAIRS AND BEDS AND WORK OUT OF 1919 01:22:25,320 --> 01:22:27,440 FRANCE HIGHLIGHTS FACT THAT ANY 1920 01:22:27,440 --> 01:22:29,200 MOVEMENT BETTER THAN 0 THAT YOU 1921 01:22:29,200 --> 01:22:31,320 CAN GO UP FROM THERE AND WE GET 1922 01:22:31,320 --> 01:22:33,720 TOO BOGGED DOWN IN PROCESS 1923 01:22:33,720 --> 01:22:35,280 MISSING BASIC PRINCIPLES THAT 1924 01:22:35,280 --> 01:22:37,760 CHANGE MANAGEMENT DIET AND 41% 1925 01:22:37,760 --> 01:22:41,800 OF OLDER ADULTS ARE OBESE AND 1926 01:22:41,800 --> 01:22:44,960 SARCOPEENIC OBESITY BRINGS 1927 01:22:44,960 --> 01:22:49,240 NUMBERS UP HIGHER AND ENDEMIC 1928 01:22:49,240 --> 01:22:53,600 SENESCENCE AND INFLAMMATION AND 1929 01:22:53,600 --> 01:22:56,000 -- TIME RESTRICTED EATING SHOULD 1930 01:22:56,000 --> 01:22:59,840 BE UNIFORM AND SHOULD BE 1931 01:22:59,840 --> 01:23:03,520 THINKING ABOUT SINOLYTIC FOODS 1932 01:23:03,520 --> 01:23:04,880 DOING RESEARCH SEEING IF 1933 01:23:04,880 --> 01:23:06,560 EFFECTIVE IN MODIFYING TRENDS 1934 01:23:06,560 --> 01:23:08,880 PART OF BEST CARE AND SO MUCH 1935 01:23:08,880 --> 01:23:10,120 THOUGHT ABOUT HOW TO APPLY THESE 1936 01:23:10,120 --> 01:23:13,080 AND HAVE EXISTING MODELS TALKING 1937 01:23:13,080 --> 01:23:15,080 ABOUT YESTERDAY NOTIONS OF 1938 01:23:15,080 --> 01:23:16,680 PREHABILITATION AND VARIETY 1939 01:23:16,680 --> 01:23:19,280 STAYING ON PART OF FUNDED BY NIA 1940 01:23:19,280 --> 01:23:22,360 AND THEY ARE FUNDED BY VA AS A 1941 01:23:22,360 --> 01:23:23,960 HEALTH SERVICE GRANT THAT WE 1942 01:23:23,960 --> 01:23:25,720 KNOW THAT THESE THINGS HAVE SOME 1943 01:23:25,720 --> 01:23:27,800 BENEFIT AND WE DON'T USE THEM OR 1944 01:23:27,800 --> 01:23:31,720 OLDER ADULTS ABOUT 20% OF 1945 01:23:31,720 --> 01:23:34,240 ELIGIBLE OLDER ADULTS GO TO 1946 01:23:34,240 --> 01:23:37,240 CARDIAC REHAB IS 80% MISSING 1947 01:23:37,240 --> 01:23:41,440 POPULATION THAT NEEDS IT MOST 1948 01:23:41,440 --> 01:23:42,240 INCREASING RISK STRATIFICATION 1949 01:23:42,240 --> 01:23:45,560 AND TALK BEING FRAILTY AND 1950 01:23:45,560 --> 01:23:46,800 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THERE IS SO 1951 01:23:46,800 --> 01:23:48,840 MANY THAT IS COMPLICATED AND 1952 01:23:48,840 --> 01:23:50,960 TALKING ABOUT RELATIVE 1953 01:23:50,960 --> 01:23:51,880 SPECIFICITY PERHAPS AND WOULD 1954 01:23:51,880 --> 01:23:53,760 SAY IT IS THE WHOLE PERSON NOT 1955 01:23:53,760 --> 01:23:55,960 JUST HEART DISEASE BUT ENTIRE 1956 01:23:55,960 --> 01:23:57,280 RISK PROFILE THAT WILL BE 1957 01:23:57,280 --> 01:24:00,360 REVELLENT FOR PEOPLE WITH 1958 01:24:00,360 --> 01:24:01,600 MULTI-MORBIDITY WITH CARDIAC 1959 01:24:01,600 --> 01:24:03,560 DISEASE AND WE DIDN'T TALK ABOUT 1960 01:24:03,560 --> 01:24:07,240 THIS ROBUST SKIEN LOOKING AT 1961 01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:11,280 CLONAL HEMOPOE ATTIC -- 20% HAVE 1962 01:24:11,280 --> 01:24:13,240 MODIFICATIONS OF LEUKO SITES AND 1963 01:24:13,240 --> 01:24:18,320 SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS OF DNMT3A 1964 01:24:18,320 --> 01:24:20,120 AND PARTICULAR PREDISPOSITION TO 1965 01:24:20,120 --> 01:24:21,120 CARDIAC DISEASE AND WE DON'T 1966 01:24:21,120 --> 01:24:22,800 TEST FOR THIS AND PEOPLE THAT 1967 01:24:22,800 --> 01:24:24,360 ARE BEING TREATED FOR CANCER AND 1968 01:24:24,360 --> 01:24:27,200 ARE TREATED FOR MANY OTHER 1969 01:24:27,200 --> 01:24:28,520 DISEASES MAY HAVE PARTICULAR 1970 01:24:28,520 --> 01:24:29,520 PREDISPOSITIONS TO CARDIAC 1971 01:24:29,520 --> 01:24:31,600 DISEASE THAT WE DON'T KNOW 1972 01:24:31,600 --> 01:24:34,120 ABOUT. I WOULD SAY THAT 1973 01:24:34,120 --> 01:24:36,760 GEROSCIENCE IS ENRICHING 1974 01:24:36,760 --> 01:24:37,840 CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND 1975 01:24:37,840 --> 01:24:39,240 MANAGEMENT AND DEMAND BIG DATA 1976 01:24:39,240 --> 01:24:43,240 AND ANALYTICS TO INTEGRATE RISK 1977 01:24:43,240 --> 01:24:45,360 BOTH HALLMARKS AND RESILIENCE 1978 01:24:45,360 --> 01:24:47,840 ARE TOPICAL AND NEED TO BE 1979 01:24:47,840 --> 01:24:49,280 STUDIED IN ASSOCIATION TOGETHER 1980 01:24:49,280 --> 01:24:52,360 AND BROADER HEALTH DYNAMICS 1981 01:24:52,360 --> 01:24:54,280 TALKING ABOUT FACT THAT EVERYONE 1982 01:24:54,280 --> 01:24:56,440 IS ON OWN PANEL WITH PHYSICAL 1983 01:24:56,440 --> 01:24:59,360 COGNITIVE FRAILTY BEHAVIOR 1984 01:24:59,360 --> 01:25:01,240 PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS NOTIONS OF 1985 01:25:01,240 --> 01:25:02,960 RESILIENCY TALKING ABOUT IN LAST 1986 01:25:02,960 --> 01:25:06,920 FEW MOMENTS AGO INCREDIBLY 1987 01:25:06,920 --> 01:25:09,760 IMPORTANT IN EACH PATIENTS 1988 01:25:09,760 --> 01:25:11,640 TRAJECTORY OF BEST CARE 1989 01:25:11,640 --> 01:25:13,520 CONSIDERS PHYSIOLOGY THAT IS NOT 1990 01:25:13,520 --> 01:25:16,480 ORGAN SPECIFIC MICROVASCULAR 1991 01:25:16,480 --> 01:25:18,560 BODY COMPOSITION EFFECTING 1992 01:25:18,560 --> 01:25:20,560 ENTIRE INDIVIDUAL AND CROSS-TALK 1993 01:25:20,560 --> 01:25:23,920 WITH EXOSOMES AND MITOKINDS AND 1994 01:25:23,920 --> 01:25:26,520 SEEMS TOPICAL INTRODUCTION 1995 01:25:26,520 --> 01:25:28,520 HIGHLIGHTED FACT THIS HAS HUGE 1996 01:25:28,520 --> 01:25:30,520 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS FROM ANDY 1997 01:25:30,520 --> 01:25:32,280 SCOTT AND DAVID SINCLAIR ARTICLE 1998 01:25:32,280 --> 01:25:35,760 TALKING ABOUT THE FACT THAT WE 1999 01:25:35,760 --> 01:25:37,800 MITIGATE AND COMPRESS MORBIDITY 2000 01:25:37,800 --> 01:25:40,240 AND CAN SAVE TRILLIONS OF 2001 01:25:40,240 --> 01:25:43,320 DOLLARS A YEAR INTERNATIONALLY 2002 01:25:43,320 --> 01:25:46,040 $3 SEFRNL TRILLION A YEAR AND 2003 01:25:46,040 --> 01:25:48,840 $390 TRILLION OVER 10 YEARS 2004 01:25:48,840 --> 01:25:50,480 JUXTAPOSING WHAT WE LIVE WITH 2005 01:25:50,480 --> 01:25:53,280 MEDICAL AS INDUSTRY TAKING AWAY 2006 01:25:53,280 --> 01:25:55,800 37 TRILLION DOLLARS FROM 2007 01:25:55,800 --> 01:25:57,680 PARTNERS FROM MYOCLINIC WON'T BE 2008 01:25:57,680 --> 01:26:00,000 QUICK OR EASY AND LOTS OF ISSUES 2009 01:26:00,000 --> 01:26:01,840 ABOUT PEOPLE WITH BIG FANCY 2010 01:26:01,840 --> 01:26:03,120 HOSPITALS WITH LOTS OF 2011 01:26:03,120 --> 01:26:05,160 PROCEDURES AND HOW TO MAKE 2012 01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:07,240 TRANSITION AND REALLY TO CHANGE 2013 01:26:07,240 --> 01:26:09,760 MANAGEMENT AND SAY GEROSCIENCE 2014 01:26:09,760 --> 01:26:11,400 ASPIRATIONS ARE PERCEPTIONS OR 2015 01:26:11,400 --> 01:26:13,240 THAT ARE ASPIRATIONAL AND ARE 2016 01:26:13,240 --> 01:26:14,680 COMPLEXITIES WE HAVE TO WORK 2017 01:26:14,680 --> 01:26:16,560 WITH CURRENT STAKEHOLDERS WITH 2018 01:26:16,560 --> 01:26:18,920 INDUSTRY AND PROVIDERS TOING 2019 01:26:18,920 --> 01:26:21,760 TERRIBLE JOB WITH CARDIAC REHAB 2020 01:26:21,760 --> 01:26:24,160 AND 20% USING MOST ARE READING 2021 01:26:24,160 --> 01:26:27,200 IT AND TERRIBLE JOB WITH MASKS 2022 01:26:27,200 --> 01:26:30,000 DURING PANDEMIC AND WITH SOCIETY 2023 01:26:30,000 --> 01:26:32,240 MITIGATING GUNS AND HEALTH CARE 2024 01:26:32,240 --> 01:26:34,240 AND DOING BETTER JOB WITH 2025 01:26:34,240 --> 01:26:35,600 GEROSCIENCE AND WOULD SAY THAT 2026 01:26:35,600 --> 01:26:37,720 THERE IS A TREMENDOUS 2027 01:26:37,720 --> 01:26:39,640 OPPORTUNITY AND ARE MAJOR 2028 01:26:39,640 --> 01:26:41,760 CHALLENGES IN JUXTAPOSITION OF 2029 01:26:41,760 --> 01:26:43,280 PREVAILING CONCEPTS OF 2030 01:26:43,280 --> 01:26:45,680 MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION IS 2031 01:26:45,680 --> 01:26:48,600 STILL FAR OFF AND ENRICHMENT OF 2032 01:26:48,600 --> 01:26:50,720 CURRENT PARADIGMS BETTER USE OF 2033 01:26:50,720 --> 01:26:51,640 FRAILTY ASSESSMENTS AND BETTER 2034 01:26:51,640 --> 01:26:53,640 USE OF VARIETY OF OTHER 2035 01:26:53,640 --> 01:26:55,120 ASSESSMENTS WE TALKED ABOUT AND 2036 01:26:55,120 --> 01:26:57,360 NEED TO INTEGRATE TO HAVE MORE 2037 01:26:57,360 --> 01:26:59,280 EFFECTIVE CARE THAT IS 2038 01:26:59,280 --> 01:27:01,000 ACCESSIBLE TO ALL PATIENTS NOT 2039 01:27:01,000 --> 01:27:03,480 JUST ONES BEST INFORMED ABOUT 2040 01:27:03,480 --> 01:27:05,520 YOU ONES PERHAPS MORE 2041 01:27:05,520 --> 01:27:08,480 MARGINALIZED AND TO REALLY BEST 2042 01:27:08,480 --> 01:27:10,560 ADDRESS CARE FOR BURGEONING 2043 01:27:10,560 --> 01:27:12,040 POPULATION FOR ADULTS THAT ARE 2044 01:27:12,040 --> 01:27:19,120 OLD. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 2045 01:27:19,120 --> 01:27:21,400 >>GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. 2046 01:27:21,400 --> 01:27:22,880 FIRST OF ALL CONGRATULATING NOT 2047 01:27:22,880 --> 01:27:25,280 JUST ORGANIZERS BUT EVERYBODY 2048 01:27:25,280 --> 01:27:29,080 HERE AND ONLINE FOR WHERE THIS 2049 01:27:29,080 --> 01:27:31,880 HAS COME WITH THIS 4TH 2050 01:27:31,880 --> 01:27:32,760 NEUROSCIENCE SUMMIT THAT IS 2051 01:27:32,760 --> 01:27:36,520 SPECTACULAR AND I WOULD LIKE TO 2052 01:27:36,520 --> 01:27:37,680 -- I'M FROM. 2053 01:27:37,680 --> 01:27:38,640 >>YOU: [SPEAKING] CON AND WANT 2054 01:27:38,640 --> 01:27:39,840 TO SHARE WITH YOU TODAY THOUGHTS 2055 01:27:39,840 --> 01:27:41,840 ABOUT HOW TO BRING THIS ALL TO 2056 01:27:41,840 --> 01:27:43,920 REALITY AND TAKING WONDERFUL 2057 01:27:43,920 --> 01:27:45,400 EXCITEMENT AND AMAZING SCIENCE 2058 01:27:45,400 --> 01:27:48,160 AND HOW DO WE ACTUALLY MAKE AN 2059 01:27:48,160 --> 01:27:51,320 IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH? 2060 01:27:51,320 --> 01:27:53,360 PARTICULARLY FROM THE 2061 01:27:53,360 --> 01:27:55,840 PERSPECTIVE OF TRAINING 2062 01:27:55,840 --> 01:27:57,520 TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENTISTS 2063 01:27:57,520 --> 01:27:59,840 GIVEN HOW SMALL COMMUNITY IS 2064 01:27:59,840 --> 01:28:00,800 PARTICULARLY INVOLVING THOSE 2065 01:28:00,800 --> 01:28:02,960 ABLE TO TAKE DISCOVERIES FROM 2066 01:28:02,960 --> 01:28:04,360 BEFRNL AND FROM PEOPLE AND HOW 2067 01:28:04,360 --> 01:28:06,920 WE BRING THEM TO THE CLINIC IS 2068 01:28:06,920 --> 01:28:08,280 FOCUS OF MY TALK TODAY. 2069 01:28:08,280 --> 01:28:13,640 I AM SPEAKING ON BEHALF OF FIVE 2070 01:28:13,640 --> 01:28:16,320 OF MY AMAZING FRIENDS HERE AND 2071 01:28:16,320 --> 01:28:19,080 COLLEAGUES THAT ARE HERE TODAY 2072 01:28:19,080 --> 01:28:21,760 AS PART OF NIA GEROSCIENCE 2073 01:28:21,760 --> 01:28:23,240 EDUCATION AND TRAINING NETWORK 2074 01:28:23,240 --> 01:28:25,080 GRANT THAT IS FUNDED BY DIVISION 2075 01:28:25,080 --> 01:28:29,440 OF JERAT TRICKS AND CLINICAL 2076 01:28:29,440 --> 01:28:31,240 JERONTOLOGY AT NIA AND TALKING 2077 01:28:31,240 --> 01:28:33,400 ABOUT REMARKABLE GROWTH OF 2078 01:28:33,400 --> 01:28:35,040 GEROSCIENCE AND INTEREST WHICH 2079 01:28:35,040 --> 01:28:36,320 HAS BEEN NOTHING BUT SPECTACULAR 2080 01:28:36,320 --> 01:28:38,600 AND RAISED A LOT OF EDUCATIONAL 2081 01:28:38,600 --> 01:28:40,560 NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES I WILL 2082 01:28:40,560 --> 01:28:42,760 TRY TO COVER VERY BRIEFLY TODAY. 2083 01:28:42,760 --> 01:28:45,360 PARTICULARLY WITH REGARDS 2084 01:28:45,360 --> 01:28:46,960 GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH WORKFORCE 2085 01:28:46,960 --> 01:28:48,320 AND TRAINING PIPELINE ISSUES WHO 2086 01:28:48,320 --> 01:28:51,360 WILL DO ALL OF THE WORK BEING 2087 01:28:51,360 --> 01:28:53,280 PROPOSED NOW AND IN DECADES TO 2088 01:28:53,280 --> 01:28:55,600 COME AND HOW WE WILL TRAIN 2089 01:28:55,600 --> 01:28:57,240 CLINICIANS IN APPROPRIATE USE OF 2090 01:28:57,240 --> 01:28:59,360 SUCH THERAPIES SO THEY BECOME 2091 01:28:59,360 --> 01:29:00,720 PART OF EVERY-DAY PRACTICE WHEN 2092 01:29:00,720 --> 01:29:04,280 YOU SEE PHYSICIANS AND OTHER 2093 01:29:04,280 --> 01:29:05,720 PROVIDERS SHARING LESSONS WE 2094 01:29:05,720 --> 01:29:07,480 LEARNED IN JOURNEY AND THROUGH 2095 01:29:07,480 --> 01:29:11,120 REALM OF EDUCATION THAT IS NEW 2096 01:29:11,120 --> 01:29:14,600 FOR ALL OF US. 2097 01:29:14,600 --> 01:29:19,360 ONE THING WE LEARNED IS TALKING 2098 01:29:19,360 --> 01:29:22,800 ABOUT CONTENT PRESENTATION AND 2099 01:29:22,800 --> 01:29:25,160 LEARNER AND NEEDING TO ENSURE 2100 01:29:25,160 --> 01:29:26,280 SUSTAINABILITY AND WORK WILL 2101 01:29:26,280 --> 01:29:28,240 CONTINUE FOR YEARS TO COME AND 2102 01:29:28,240 --> 01:29:31,880 TOUCH UP ON A LITTLE OF THIS 2103 01:29:31,880 --> 01:29:42,440 ISSUE -- SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP 2104 01:30:31,720 --> 01:30:33,360 CREATED IN 2012 AND A LITTLE 2105 01:30:33,360 --> 01:30:36,280 OVER A DECADE AGO. AS OF 2106 01:30:36,280 --> 01:30:38,600 YESTERDAY, THERE IS 2000 2107 01:30:38,600 --> 01:30:40,600 CITATIONS ON PUB MED INVOLVING 2108 01:30:40,600 --> 01:30:43,480 TERM GEROSCIENCE AND 3/4 OF THEM 2109 01:30:43,480 --> 01:30:45,880 HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED IN LAST TWO 2110 01:30:45,880 --> 01:30:48,400 YEARS OR SO. IT IS A TREMENDOUS 2111 01:30:48,400 --> 01:30:50,400 EXPLOSION OF LITERATURE AND 2112 01:30:50,400 --> 01:30:53,280 INTEREST IN GEROSCIENCE. WHAT 2113 01:30:53,280 --> 01:30:55,000 CHANGED IN ADDITION TO PEOPLE 2114 01:30:55,000 --> 01:30:56,800 TALKING ABOUT GEROSCIENCE AND 2115 01:30:56,800 --> 01:30:58,960 PUBLISHING GEROSCIENCE AND WHAT 2116 01:30:58,960 --> 01:31:01,640 HAS CHANGED AND WORLD OF AGING, 2117 01:31:01,640 --> 01:31:03,000 WE TALK ABOUT 2118 01:31:03,000 --> 01:31:04,120 MULTI-DISCIPLINARITY IN AGING 2119 01:31:04,120 --> 01:31:07,080 THAT IS A CORE PRINCIPLE OF 2120 01:31:07,080 --> 01:31:10,080 AGING AND JER ONTOLOGICAL 2121 01:31:10,080 --> 01:31:11,800 SOCIETY IN AMERICA AND NIA THAT 2122 01:31:11,800 --> 01:31:15,400 GOES BACK DECADES AND HARD 2123 01:31:15,400 --> 01:31:17,000 REALITY THOSE THAT STUDY BIOLOGY 2124 01:31:17,000 --> 01:31:20,640 OF AGING AND OLDER ADULTS HAVE 2125 01:31:20,640 --> 01:31:23,640 LIVED IN TWO UNIVERSES UNTIL 2126 01:31:23,640 --> 01:31:27,080 RECENTLY AND NUMBER THAT DO BOTH 2127 01:31:27,080 --> 01:31:28,960 IS EXCEEDINGLY SMALL AND REALITY 2128 01:31:28,960 --> 01:31:34,520 IS TIME TO INTERACT IS AT ANNUAL 2129 01:31:34,520 --> 01:31:39,360 GSA MEETING AND NIA EVENT APDZ 2130 01:31:39,360 --> 01:31:41,760 LIVING IN DIFFERENT SPHERES NOT 2131 01:31:41,760 --> 01:31:45,160 INTERACTING AND QUOTING CLINICAL 2132 01:31:45,160 --> 01:31:47,600 COLLEAGUES -- IF IT HAS ZERO 2133 01:31:47,600 --> 01:31:49,440 IMPACT TAKING CARE OF PATIENTS 2134 01:31:49,440 --> 01:31:51,040 THAT HAS BEEN CASE UNTIL 2135 01:31:51,040 --> 01:31:55,840 RECENTLY AND THIS HAS CHANGED 2136 01:31:55,840 --> 01:32:04,360 AND IN TERMS OF KIND OF 2137 01:32:04,360 --> 01:32:07,440 TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGE THIS IS 2138 01:32:07,440 --> 01:32:09,360 A TEXTBOOK MANY ARE INVOLVED IN 2139 01:32:09,360 --> 01:32:11,560 AND 8TH EDITION CAME OUT LESS 2140 01:32:11,560 --> 01:32:13,480 THAN A YEAR AGO IS FIRST 2141 01:32:13,480 --> 01:32:15,160 ADDITION WITH CHAPTER ON 2142 01:32:15,160 --> 01:32:18,200 GEROSCIENCE AND ANYTHING ON 2143 01:32:18,200 --> 01:32:19,440 GEROSCIENCE AND RECOGNIZING 2144 01:32:19,440 --> 01:32:30,000 NAMES OF PEOPLE AND SHOWING F 2145 01:32:40,520 --> 01:32:40,640 FROM. 2146 01:32:40,640 --> 01:32:42,360 REASON I DID THAT IS I'M 2147 01:32:42,360 --> 01:32:45,960 ABSOLUTELY CONVINCED THAT THERE 2148 01:32:45,960 --> 01:32:49,800 IS A CONVERGENCE BETWEEN WORLD 2149 01:32:49,800 --> 01:32:51,560 OF AGING AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE 2150 01:32:51,560 --> 01:32:53,120 AND COMMON INTEREST AND YOU WILL 2151 01:32:53,120 --> 01:32:55,960 BE PLEASED NEXT WEEK GOING TO 2152 01:32:55,960 --> 01:32:58,840 AMERICAN GERIATRIC SOCIETY THAT 2153 01:32:58,840 --> 01:33:00,080 [INDISCERNIBLE] ASKED ME TO 2154 01:33:00,080 --> 01:33:02,240 REPORT ON WHAT TOOK PLACE AT 2155 01:33:02,240 --> 01:33:03,640 THIS SYMPOSIUM AND TREMENDOUS 2156 01:33:03,640 --> 01:33:05,720 INTEREST THAT IS EMERGING AND 2157 01:33:05,720 --> 01:33:09,120 WHAT HASN'T CHANGED IS 2158 01:33:09,120 --> 01:33:10,040 UNFORTUNATELY WORD GEROSCIENCE 2159 01:33:10,040 --> 01:33:13,800 GOING TO WEBSTER'S ONLINE 2160 01:33:13,800 --> 01:33:16,760 DICTIONARY TELLS YOU WORD YOU 2161 01:33:16,760 --> 01:33:18,200 ENTERED IS NOT IN THE DICTIONARY 2162 01:33:18,200 --> 01:33:19,840 AND HEARD ABOUT IT EARLIER AND 2163 01:33:19,840 --> 01:33:22,040 IS A WONDERFUL TERM WE HAVE TO 2164 01:33:22,040 --> 01:33:24,120 COME UP WITH BETTER WAYS 2165 01:33:24,120 --> 01:33:27,840 COMMUNICATING WHAT IT MEANS AND 2166 01:33:27,840 --> 01:33:36,640 IT IS A STRUGGLE AND THIS IS ALL 2167 01:33:36,640 --> 01:33:39,320 TO DO WITH JEFF AND GOOGLE 2168 01:33:39,320 --> 01:33:40,840 FOUNDERS AND NOT SO MUCH REAL 2169 01:33:40,840 --> 01:33:44,360 WORLD PATIENTS AND MESSAGING IS 2170 01:33:44,360 --> 01:33:45,760 BETTER ON OUR PART TO EXPLAIN 2171 01:33:45,760 --> 01:33:50,560 THAT IS PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE 2172 01:33:50,560 --> 01:33:51,560 MORBIDITIES OVERWHELMINGLY 2173 01:33:51,560 --> 01:33:53,360 COMMUNITIES OF COLOR AND SOCIAL 2174 01:33:53,360 --> 01:33:55,800 DISPARITIES BENEFITING MOST IF 2175 01:33:55,800 --> 01:33:57,800 WE DO JOB RIGHT AND WHAT WILL IT 2176 01:33:57,800 --> 01:34:00,360 TAKE FOR GEROSCIENCE TO BE ON 2177 01:34:00,360 --> 01:34:01,560 TIP OF EVERYBODY'S 2178 01:34:01,560 --> 01:34:03,240 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND NOT THOSE 2179 01:34:03,240 --> 01:34:05,160 SITTING HERE ONLINE AND I MEAN 2180 01:34:05,160 --> 01:34:08,040 EVERYBODY, CNN AND ALL OF THE 2181 01:34:08,040 --> 01:34:10,480 OTHER NETWORKS AND WHAT IT WILL 2182 01:34:10,480 --> 01:34:13,480 TAKE SIMPLY IS HIGH QUALITY 2183 01:34:13,480 --> 01:34:15,200 RANDOMIZED LOCAL TRIALS 2184 01:34:15,200 --> 01:34:16,720 DEMONSTRATING CLEAR IMPACT ON 2185 01:34:16,720 --> 01:34:18,760 CLINICALLY INDIVIDUALLY 2186 01:34:18,760 --> 01:34:21,120 MEANINGFUL OUTCOMES RESULTING IN 2187 01:34:21,120 --> 01:34:23,880 FDA APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION 2188 01:34:23,880 --> 01:34:26,040 ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE AND 2189 01:34:26,040 --> 01:34:26,920 SEEING PROVIDER THEY THINK ABOUT 2190 01:34:26,920 --> 01:34:28,560 IT IMMEDIATELY AND IS NOT 2191 01:34:28,560 --> 01:34:30,000 SOMETHING THAT THEY WILL ASK 2192 01:34:30,000 --> 01:34:34,840 YOU. WHAT IS GEROSCIENCE? 2193 01:34:34,840 --> 01:34:37,800 I WANT TO BRING UP THE FACT IF 2194 01:34:37,800 --> 01:34:39,480 INTERESTED IN WHAT PHYSICIAN AND 2195 01:34:39,480 --> 01:34:42,120 APR IN LEARNS ABOUT HOW TO HAVE 2196 01:34:42,120 --> 01:34:44,200 SCIENCE OF CLINICAL PRACTICE 2197 01:34:44,200 --> 01:34:46,040 THAT IS NOT A TEXTBOOK AND THEY 2198 01:34:46,040 --> 01:34:47,880 DON'T BRING THEM ANYMORE AND ARE 2199 01:34:47,880 --> 01:34:50,120 OUT OF DATE MOMENT THEY ARE 2200 01:34:50,120 --> 01:34:51,520 PUBLISHED AND USING SOMETHING UP 2201 01:34:51,520 --> 01:34:54,520 TO DATE THAT IS SOMETHING THAT 2202 01:34:54,520 --> 01:34:55,600 EVERY HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL 2203 01:34:55,600 --> 01:34:57,360 SCHOOL IN THE COUNTRY HAS 2204 01:34:57,360 --> 01:35:00,640 LICENSE TO CREATED BY HARVARD 2205 01:35:00,640 --> 01:35:02,560 PHYSICIANS A NUMBER OF YEARS AGO 2206 01:35:02,560 --> 01:35:04,800 THAT IS BROUGHT OUT BY A 2207 01:35:04,800 --> 01:35:06,920 PUBLISHER AND IS BASICALLY AN 2208 01:35:06,920 --> 01:35:11,800 ONLINE TOOL THAT PROVIDES HIGH 2209 01:35:11,800 --> 01:35:13,440 QUALITY REVIEWED INFORMATION BY 2210 01:35:13,440 --> 01:35:15,880 7 FOUNDER AUTHORS AND EDITORS 2211 01:35:15,880 --> 01:35:19,280 WHO APPLY DEEP DOMAIN EXPERTISE 2212 01:35:19,280 --> 01:35:22,440 TO EVALUATE LITERATURE PRODUCING 2213 01:35:22,440 --> 01:35:24,520 ORIGINAL CONTENT THAT HAS CLEAR 2214 01:35:24,520 --> 01:35:27,120 GUIDANCE EVALUATION AND 2215 01:35:27,120 --> 01:35:28,000 RECOMMENDATION OF TREATMENT AND 2216 01:35:28,000 --> 01:35:30,640 SCREENING IS EVIDENCE YOU CAN 2217 01:35:30,640 --> 01:35:31,840 HANG HAT ON AND USE IMMEDIATELY 2218 01:35:31,840 --> 01:35:34,880 TO APPLY TO PATIENT AND 2219 01:35:34,880 --> 01:35:37,800 DISCLOSURE HAS 1 OF 7,000 2220 01:35:37,800 --> 01:35:38,880 EDITORS AND ROYALTY CHECK EVERY 2221 01:35:38,880 --> 01:35:42,680 YEAR THAT BUYS ME I WOULD GUESS 2222 01:35:42,680 --> 01:35:52,960 IT WOULD BE MY. 2223 01:36:21,440 --> 01:36:24,320 INTRODUCTORY GEROSCIENCE CONTENT 2224 01:36:24,320 --> 01:36:27,400 TARGETING MEDICAL STUDENTS AND 2225 01:36:27,400 --> 01:36:29,440 PHD STUDENTS AND THIRDLY 2226 01:36:29,440 --> 01:36:31,440 GERIATRIC FELLOWS REALIZING 2227 01:36:31,440 --> 01:36:32,640 THERE ARE OTHER IMPORTANT 2228 01:36:32,640 --> 01:36:34,320 COMMUNITIES TO LEARN BUT WANTED 2229 01:36:34,320 --> 01:36:37,040 BEGIN WITH THREE GROUPS THAT WE 2230 01:36:37,040 --> 01:36:40,080 ALSO HAVE WORKED HARD TO DEVELOP 2231 01:36:40,080 --> 01:36:41,560 CERTIFICATE IN GEROSCIENCE 2232 01:36:41,560 --> 01:36:43,520 PROGRAM AND CURRENTLY IT IS 2233 01:36:43,520 --> 01:36:47,760 BEING DEVELOPED AND AVAILABLE AT 2234 01:36:47,760 --> 01:36:51,960 YUKON AND UCSF AND MYOAND THREE 2235 01:36:51,960 --> 01:36:53,200 SITES WITH TENTATIVE AGREEMENT 2236 01:36:53,200 --> 01:36:55,440 FROM UP TO DATE THAT IF AND WHEN 2237 01:36:55,440 --> 01:36:58,000 AND IS MORE OF A WHEN. THE 2238 01:36:58,000 --> 01:37:00,640 EVIDENCE IS THERE TO SUPPORT 2239 01:37:00,640 --> 01:37:05,800 CREATION OF UP TO DATE GE 2240 01:37:05,800 --> 01:37:09,960 GEROSCIENCE [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT 2241 01:37:09,960 --> 01:37:13,040 I WANT TO HIGH LIGHT A LONG 2242 01:37:13,040 --> 01:37:15,280 JOURNEY MOST GRANTS NEED TWO 2243 01:37:15,280 --> 01:37:16,600 ADVISORY BOARDS REASON BEING IS 2244 01:37:16,600 --> 01:37:19,720 COMMUNITY OF EXPERT WHO'S ARE 2245 01:37:19,720 --> 01:37:22,160 EXPERTS IN GEROSCIENCE CONTENT 2246 01:37:22,160 --> 01:37:24,240 AND PEOPLE WHO IF I SHOW YOU 2247 01:37:24,240 --> 01:37:25,480 NAMES THAT IMMEDIATELY 2248 01:37:25,480 --> 01:37:36,040 RECOGNIZING NAMES OF LEADERS IN. 2249 01:37:39,040 --> 01:37:42,400 COMMUNITIES OVERARCHING LESSONS 2250 01:37:42,400 --> 01:37:43,880 LEARNED AND TWO SKILLSETS NO 2251 01:37:43,880 --> 01:37:45,800 SURPRISE THERE AND WE NEED TO 2252 01:37:45,800 --> 01:37:47,240 BRING TWO VERY DIFFERENT 2253 01:37:47,240 --> 01:37:51,000 COMMUNITIES AND THERE HAS BEEN 2254 01:37:51,000 --> 01:37:53,680 REMARKABLE INTEREST WITHIN 2255 01:37:53,680 --> 01:37:55,200 GEROSCIENCE COMMUNITY NOT 2256 01:37:55,200 --> 01:37:57,440 SURPRISING AND REMARKABLE 2257 01:37:57,440 --> 01:38:01,000 CURIOSITY BEYOND GEROSCIENCE I 2258 01:38:01,000 --> 01:38:09,240 WAS IN KRCREDIBLY -- EAGER TO LN 2259 01:38:09,240 --> 01:38:11,440 WORDS AND CONCEPTS THAT THEY 2260 01:38:11,440 --> 01:38:13,440 HADN'T THOUGHT ABOUT THAT IS 2261 01:38:13,440 --> 01:38:18,680 WONDERFUL AND REMARKLENESS TO 2262 01:38:18,680 --> 01:38:20,960 LEARN AND YOU NEED TO MATCH 2263 01:38:20,960 --> 01:38:22,960 LEARNER NEEDS WITH CONTENT AND 2264 01:38:22,960 --> 01:38:24,800 ALSO MATCH THE LEARNING STYLE 2265 01:38:24,800 --> 01:38:27,520 WITH THE PRESENTATION. 2266 01:38:27,520 --> 01:38:30,280 LEARNER SPECIFIC LESSONS LEARNED 2267 01:38:30,280 --> 01:38:32,440 IS THAT GENERATIONS Z AS WE SAY 2268 01:38:32,440 --> 01:38:35,840 IN CANADA THAT HAS INCREDIBLY 2269 01:38:35,840 --> 01:38:37,600 SHORT ATTENTION SPANS NO 2270 01:38:37,600 --> 01:38:39,040 SURPRISE THERE. I DON'T KNOW 2271 01:38:39,040 --> 01:38:41,520 HOW MANY WE AGREE WITH ME AND WE 2272 01:38:41,520 --> 01:38:44,760 HAD OVERWHELMING SENSE IT IS 2273 01:38:44,760 --> 01:38:46,720 WORSE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS AND 2274 01:38:46,720 --> 01:38:50,280 IS MORE OF AN OFFLINE 2275 01:38:50,280 --> 01:38:53,160 DISCUSSION. ACCESS TO MEDICAL 2276 01:38:53,160 --> 01:38:54,480 STUDENT TEACHING TIME IS HARD 2277 01:38:54,480 --> 01:38:56,680 AND MEDICAL CURRICULUM IS 2278 01:38:56,680 --> 01:38:59,840 INCREDIBLY COMPRESSED AND MAJOR 2279 01:38:59,840 --> 01:39:01,040 CHALLENGE AND REALIZATION ALSO 2280 01:39:01,040 --> 01:39:05,200 THOSE WORKING IN MEDICAL -- THAT 2281 01:39:05,200 --> 01:39:07,640 IS HAPPENING IN PHD TRAINING AS 2282 01:39:07,640 --> 01:39:12,560 WELL AND IDEA THAT WE TRAIN NOT 2283 01:39:12,560 --> 01:39:13,640 SO MUCH IN [INDISCERNIBLE] BUT 2284 01:39:13,640 --> 01:39:16,040 TRAINING IN SKILLS AND 2285 01:39:16,040 --> 01:39:17,160 COMPETENCIES NEEDING TO SUCCEED 2286 01:39:17,160 --> 01:39:24,760 IN CAREERS AND IN TURN XET 10TYS 2287 01:39:24,760 --> 01:39:26,800 -- CLINICAL TRIALS ARE IMPORTANT 2288 01:39:26,800 --> 01:39:30,280 AND WE HAVE GREAT INTERESTS 2289 01:39:30,280 --> 01:39:35,600 AMONGST PHD TRAINING PROGRAMS 2290 01:39:35,600 --> 01:39:36,760 AND GREAT INTEREST AMONG 2291 01:39:36,760 --> 01:39:38,440 TRAININGS AND BIOLOGICAL 2292 01:39:38,440 --> 01:39:40,440 SCIENCES AND ALSO WE ALSO 2293 01:39:40,440 --> 01:39:42,800 REALIZE THAT WE NEED TO CONSIDER 2294 01:39:42,800 --> 01:39:45,080 NEW EDUCATIONAL MEDIA AND WE 2295 01:39:45,080 --> 01:39:47,360 LEFT POWERPOINT AND THERE IS A 2296 01:39:47,360 --> 01:39:50,960 LOT -- THERE IS A LOT BETTER 2297 01:39:50,960 --> 01:39:53,520 WAYS TO COMMUNICATE IMPORTANT 2298 01:39:53,520 --> 01:39:55,480 INFORMATION WITH YOUNGER 2299 01:39:55,480 --> 01:39:57,880 GENERATIONS GIVING A SHOUTOUT TO 2300 01:39:57,880 --> 01:40:01,360 YOUNGER WOMAN ELEANOR WHO IS PHD 2301 01:40:01,360 --> 01:40:05,000 STUDENT AT UK AND AT KAIM BRIDGE 2302 01:40:05,000 --> 01:40:07,800 STUDYING BIOLOGY OF AGING IN 2303 01:40:07,800 --> 01:40:11,000 SPARE TIME RUNS YOUTUBE CHANNEL 2304 01:40:11,000 --> 01:40:14,520 USING ANIMATED FIGURES AND 2305 01:40:14,520 --> 01:40:17,080 CHAIRS RESULTS OF RECENT PAPERS 2306 01:40:17,080 --> 01:40:20,080 DOES A WONDERFUL JOB ABLE TO 2307 01:40:20,080 --> 01:40:21,440 COMBINE SWEET SPOT OF HIGH 2308 01:40:21,440 --> 01:40:22,720 QUALITY INFORMATION WITH FORMAT 2309 01:40:22,720 --> 01:40:24,080 THAT IS ACCESSIBLE TO PEOPLE 2310 01:40:24,080 --> 01:40:26,080 FROM DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES 2311 01:40:26,080 --> 01:40:26,880 INCLUDING PEOPLE WITHOUT A 2312 01:40:26,880 --> 01:40:29,680 STRONG SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND 2313 01:40:29,680 --> 01:40:32,160 THERE IS TALK ON SENESCENCE 2314 01:40:32,160 --> 01:40:35,640 CELLS AND PENDING NIH APPROVAL 2315 01:40:35,640 --> 01:40:37,000 HELPING DEVELOP CURRICULAR 2316 01:40:37,000 --> 01:40:38,720 MATERIALS TO HELP ADDRESS ISSUES 2317 01:40:38,720 --> 01:40:43,840 IN CONTEXT OF LEARNERS INCLUDING 2318 01:40:43,840 --> 01:40:45,080 MEDICAL STUDENTS WITH SHORT 2319 01:40:45,080 --> 01:40:46,920 ATTENTION SPANS AND HIGHLIGHTING 2320 01:40:46,920 --> 01:40:49,680 FACT THAT CERTIFICATE OF 2321 01:40:49,680 --> 01:40:50,680 TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENCE HAS 2322 01:40:50,680 --> 01:40:53,200 BEEN A LABOR OF LOVE AND UNIQUE 2323 01:40:53,200 --> 01:40:54,960 EFFORT. THINKING ABOUT IT, THIS 2324 01:40:54,960 --> 01:40:56,600 FIGURE IS FROM THE PAPER I 2325 01:40:56,600 --> 01:40:58,440 SHOWED AT BEGINNING OF MY TALK 2326 01:40:58,440 --> 01:41:00,240 THAT IS PAPER STEMMING OUT OF 2327 01:41:00,240 --> 01:41:03,240 SAN FRANCISCO MEETING TO TRAIN 2328 01:41:03,240 --> 01:41:05,560 SO MANY TRANSLATIONAL 2329 01:41:05,560 --> 01:41:09,080 GEROSCIENCE THEY NEED 2330 01:41:09,080 --> 01:41:13,320 COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS IN FOUR 2331 01:41:13,320 --> 01:41:15,160 VERY DIFFERENT DOMAINS THAT 2332 01:41:15,160 --> 01:41:17,040 DON'T CONVERGE IN INDIVIDUAL AND 2333 01:41:17,040 --> 01:41:18,720 GEROSCIENCE AND MECHANISM OF 2334 01:41:18,720 --> 01:41:21,080 AGING PRECLINICAL MARKERS 2335 01:41:21,080 --> 01:41:24,280 BIO-MACERS AND TALKING ABOUT IN 2336 01:41:24,280 --> 01:41:28,320 LAST THREE DAYS GERONTOLOGY FARM 2337 01:41:28,320 --> 01:41:29,440 CALLING IS IMPORTANT AND NEEDING 2338 01:41:29,440 --> 01:41:31,840 GENERAL SKILLS HOW TO DO HUMAN 2339 01:41:31,840 --> 01:41:33,600 SUBJECT RESEARCH AND SKILLS 2340 01:41:33,600 --> 01:41:36,360 TAUGHT TO CSAS AT INSTITUTION 2341 01:41:36,360 --> 01:41:38,040 AND THEY NEED TO KNOW HOW TO DO 2342 01:41:38,040 --> 01:41:40,360 CLINICAL TRIALS IN OLDER ADULTS 2343 01:41:40,360 --> 01:41:41,560 THAT IS QUITE DIFFERENT AND WHAT 2344 01:41:41,560 --> 01:41:43,520 ARE CHALLENGES WE HEARD ABOUT 2345 01:41:43,520 --> 01:41:48,640 THAT CHALLENGES MEASURING IN 2346 01:41:48,640 --> 01:41:50,400 FRAILTY AND OLDER ADULTS AND 2347 01:41:50,400 --> 01:41:53,800 GOAL IS NO THE TO TRAIN SOMEBODY 2348 01:41:53,800 --> 01:41:57,160 TO BECOME A GERIATRICIAN AND 2349 01:41:57,160 --> 01:41:58,280 WHAT CAREER GOAL IS AND RATHER 2350 01:41:58,280 --> 01:42:01,080 IF YOU DO TRANSLATIONAL 2351 01:42:01,080 --> 01:42:01,920 GEROSCIENCE AND SOME 2352 01:42:01,920 --> 01:42:04,000 UNDERSTANDING OF CLINICAL ISSUES 2353 01:42:04,000 --> 01:42:06,480 FROM GERIATRIC PERSPECTIVE TO BE 2354 01:42:06,480 --> 01:42:09,600 EFFECTIVE AND CURRICULUM IS 2355 01:42:09,600 --> 01:42:11,800 FOCUSED AROUND FOUR DOMAINS AND 2356 01:42:11,800 --> 01:42:13,440 ALLOWING INDIVIDUALS COMING FROM 2357 01:42:13,440 --> 01:42:14,760 VERY DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS TO 2358 01:42:14,760 --> 01:42:16,600 FILL IN GAPS THEY MAY NOT HAVE 2359 01:42:16,600 --> 01:42:19,520 OR POSSESS. I WANT TO GIVE A 2360 01:42:19,520 --> 01:42:22,600 SHOUTOUT TO GSA PRECONFERENCE 2361 01:42:22,600 --> 01:42:25,920 WORKSHOP FUNDED BY NIA AND 2362 01:42:25,920 --> 01:42:28,280 SUPPLEMENT AND JAMIE JUSTICE 2363 01:42:28,280 --> 01:42:30,600 THAT ARE BOTH HERE AND HELD 2364 01:42:30,600 --> 01:42:31,880 TUESDAY NOVEMBER 7TH AND FOCUS 2365 01:42:31,880 --> 01:42:35,120 ON IT WILL BE DEVELOPING A 2366 01:42:35,120 --> 01:42:37,760 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY AGENDA FOR 2367 01:42:37,760 --> 01:42:38,600 GEROSCIENCE EDUCATION BRINGING 2368 01:42:38,600 --> 01:42:40,320 IN PEOPLE FROM ALL KINDS OF 2369 01:42:40,320 --> 01:42:42,280 DIFFERENT AREAS BEGINNING TO 2370 01:42:42,280 --> 01:42:43,560 DIALOGUE HOW WE CAN MOVE FORWARD 2371 01:42:43,560 --> 01:42:48,360 AND ENDING BY TALKING ALY ABOUT 2372 01:42:48,360 --> 01:42:50,640 AGISM. I THINK TO SOME EXTENT 2373 01:42:50,640 --> 01:42:54,200 I'M NOT A SOCIAL SCIENTIST BUT 2374 01:42:54,200 --> 01:42:57,480 DO THINK THAT IT IS KIND OF A 2375 01:42:57,480 --> 01:43:01,280 HIDDEN ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM AND 2376 01:43:01,280 --> 01:43:02,880 GIVING A SETH THAT AGISM TAKES 2377 01:43:02,880 --> 01:43:06,480 MANY FORMS AND OLDER ADULTS 2378 01:43:06,480 --> 01:43:08,280 EXPERIENCE EVERY DAY AND 82% 2379 01:43:08,280 --> 01:43:10,000 EXPERIENCE IT IN SOME FORM EVERY 2380 01:43:10,000 --> 01:43:14,280 DAY AND GIVING A SHOUTOUT TO BOB 2381 01:43:14,280 --> 01:43:16,000 WHO IS FIRST AND FOUNDING 2382 01:43:16,000 --> 01:43:19,120 DIRECTOR OF NIA WE ARE HERE IN 2383 01:43:19,120 --> 01:43:21,320 LARGE EXTENT BECAUSE OF HIM WHO 2384 01:43:21,320 --> 01:43:23,200 COINED THE TERM. WE TEND TO 2385 01:43:23,200 --> 01:43:27,520 THINK ABOUT AGISM AS BEING LIKE 2386 01:43:27,520 --> 01:43:29,520 RACISM AND BEING JUST 2387 01:43:29,520 --> 01:43:30,240 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AND 2388 01:43:30,240 --> 01:43:33,480 ACTUALLY AS COINING IT AND TERM 2389 01:43:33,480 --> 01:43:38,320 COMING UP BY BOB BUTLER WHO 2390 01:43:38,320 --> 01:43:40,680 COINED THE TERM IS ACTUALLY THE 2391 01:43:40,680 --> 01:43:42,800 FEAR OF OURSELVES AND AGEISM 2392 01:43:42,800 --> 01:43:45,240 ALLOWS YOUNGER GENERATION AND 2393 01:43:45,240 --> 01:43:46,320 OLDER PEOPLE DIFFERENT FROM 2394 01:43:46,320 --> 01:43:48,960 THEMSELVES THEREBY REDUCING OWN 2395 01:43:48,960 --> 01:43:51,360 FEAR AND AGING AND THINK THAT 2396 01:43:51,360 --> 01:43:54,920 THE REASON I BELIEVE THAT 2397 01:43:54,920 --> 01:43:55,720 GEROSCIENCE IS OFTEN NOT CAUGHT 2398 01:43:55,720 --> 01:43:57,920 ON AS QUICKLY AS IT SHOULD. IT 2399 01:43:57,920 --> 01:44:00,200 IS OBVIOUS IN MANY WAYS AND 2400 01:44:00,200 --> 01:44:01,760 PARTLY BECAUSE OF THESE ISSUES 2401 01:44:01,760 --> 01:44:03,640 THAT MAY BE A BENEFIT AND 2402 01:44:03,640 --> 01:44:06,920 ANOTHER UNINTENDED BENEFIT OF 2403 01:44:06,920 --> 01:44:08,920 GEROSCIENCE IS IT MAY BE OR 2404 01:44:08,920 --> 01:44:11,480 MIGHT HELP COME UP WITH BETTER 2405 01:44:11,480 --> 01:44:13,120 WAYS DEALING WITH AGISM AND NONE 2406 01:44:13,120 --> 01:44:15,040 OF US IN SCIENCE COMMUNICATION 2407 01:44:15,040 --> 01:44:17,120 LEAVES TO COLLEAGUES AARP AND 2408 01:44:17,120 --> 01:44:18,920 OTHERS TO HELP US DEAL WITH THAT 2409 01:44:18,920 --> 01:44:21,920 AND ULTIMATELY CHALLENGE IS WHAT 2410 01:44:21,920 --> 01:44:23,800 EVERYBODY WANTS IS STOPPING THE 2411 01:44:23,800 --> 01:44:27,240 CLOCK WHEN IT COMES TO 2412 01:44:27,240 --> 01:44:28,920 ESPECIALLY WHEN IT COMES TO 2413 01:44:28,920 --> 01:44:30,440 ISSUES HAVING TO DO WITH 2414 01:44:30,440 --> 01:44:31,640 YOURSELVES AND PEOPLE CLOSE TO 2415 01:44:31,640 --> 01:44:34,000 YOU AND YOUR LOVED ONES AND IN 2416 01:44:34,000 --> 01:44:36,920 TERMS OF HOW WE DEAL IT, I THINK 2417 01:44:36,920 --> 01:44:39,240 MESSAGING AND IT WILL BE 2418 01:44:39,240 --> 01:44:42,920 ABSOLUTELY VITAL IN TERMS HOW WE 2419 01:44:42,920 --> 01:45:36,880 PROCEED. THANK YOU. 2420 01:45:36,880 --> 01:45:38,640 >>I WILL SPEAK TO YOU TODAY 2421 01:45:38,640 --> 01:45:42,760 FROM AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. 2422 01:45:42,760 --> 01:45:45,000 SO, IN ADDITION TO DOING ALL 2423 01:45:45,000 --> 01:45:46,920 KINDS OF FANTASTIC SCIENCE THAT 2424 01:45:46,920 --> 01:45:49,520 WE HAVE SEEN OVER THE PAST TWO 2425 01:45:49,520 --> 01:45:53,480 DAYS AND THAT IS WELL PUBLISHED 2426 01:45:53,480 --> 01:45:55,280 AND COMING UP WITH STRIKING DATA 2427 01:45:55,280 --> 01:45:58,880 AND IN PRECLINICAL MODELS THAT 2428 01:45:58,880 --> 01:46:01,400 IS HOPEFULLY IN CONTROLLED 2429 01:46:01,400 --> 01:46:03,080 TRIALS AND WHAT ELSE CAN WE DO 2430 01:46:03,080 --> 01:46:05,400 TO ATTRACT OUR COMMUNITIES TO 2431 01:46:05,400 --> 01:46:05,880 GEROSCIENCE? 2432 01:46:05,880 --> 01:46:09,280 SO, I'M GOING TO PROPOSE 2433 01:46:09,280 --> 01:46:11,160 SOMETHING TODAY THAT WE CAN 2434 01:46:11,160 --> 01:46:14,640 HOPEFULLY HELP ACCOMPLISH THAT. 2435 01:46:14,640 --> 01:46:18,000 ONE THING I LEARNED AS AN 2436 01:46:18,000 --> 01:46:19,680 EDUCATOR, WE INCREASED 2437 01:46:19,680 --> 01:46:20,880 LIKELIHOOD THAT PEOPLE WILL 2438 01:46:20,880 --> 01:46:23,120 RECALL AND USE WHAT WE TEACH BY 2439 01:46:23,120 --> 01:46:25,720 ENGAGING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND 2440 01:46:25,720 --> 01:46:27,120 CONNECTING NEW INFORMATION TO 2441 01:46:27,120 --> 01:46:28,120 PRIOR UNDERSTANDING. 2442 01:46:28,120 --> 01:46:30,800 SO, WHAT DO OUR CLINICIANS AND 2443 01:46:30,800 --> 01:46:32,560 OLDER ADULTS AND MEDICAL 2444 01:46:32,560 --> 01:46:34,080 STUDENTS AND CARETAKERS AND 2445 01:46:34,080 --> 01:46:36,040 OTHERS ALL KNOW THAT CAN HELP 2446 01:46:36,040 --> 01:46:38,000 THEM UNDERSTAND POTENTIAL OF 2447 01:46:38,000 --> 01:46:41,200 GEROSCIENCE WE ALL SEE IN OUR 2448 01:46:41,200 --> 01:46:46,960 GROUP AMONGST OURSELVES TODAY? 2449 01:46:46,960 --> 01:46:51,080 ON DAY 1, SEVERAL PROPOSED 2450 01:46:51,080 --> 01:46:51,600 INVITING ALIENS. 2451 01:46:51,600 --> 01:46:53,360 I WON'T DO THAT. 2452 01:46:53,360 --> 01:46:55,720 HOWEVER, I PROPOSE TAKING US ALL 2453 01:46:55,720 --> 01:46:57,240 BACK TO THE 1900S. 2454 01:46:57,240 --> 01:47:00,800 AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE GRAPH ON 2455 01:47:00,800 --> 01:47:04,960 THE TOP-LEFT CORNER, DISEASES 2456 01:47:04,960 --> 01:47:06,960 THAT WERE KILLING PEOPLE IN THE 2457 01:47:06,960 --> 01:47:11,520 EARLY 1900S WERE MOSTLY 2458 01:47:11,520 --> 01:47:14,800 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND THINGS 2459 01:47:14,800 --> 01:47:19,000 LIKE PNEUMONIA AND TUBERCULOSIS 2460 01:47:19,000 --> 01:47:21,720 AND DEP THEERIA WERE ALL KINDS 2461 01:47:21,720 --> 01:47:24,480 OF BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES 2462 01:47:24,480 --> 01:47:25,400 KILLING SO MANY PEOPLE. 2463 01:47:25,400 --> 01:47:28,360 YOU WERE LUCKY TO LIVE TO BE 47. 2464 01:47:28,360 --> 01:47:31,520 MAYBE THAT IS THE AVERAGE 2465 01:47:31,520 --> 01:47:32,840 LIFESPAN THEN. 2466 01:47:32,840 --> 01:47:36,840 IT WAS COMMON FOR A WOMAN TO DIE 2467 01:47:36,840 --> 01:47:41,320 IN CHILDBIRTH. A LOT OF PEOPLE 2468 01:47:41,320 --> 01:47:43,200 OR CHILDREN DIED BEFORE THEY 2469 01:47:43,200 --> 01:47:45,960 WERE FOUR YEARS OLD AND THAT HAS 2470 01:47:45,960 --> 01:47:50,800 CHANGED DRAMATICALLY AS YOU CAN 2471 01:47:50,800 --> 01:47:53,040 SEE NOW IN THE GRAPH ON THE 2472 01:47:53,040 --> 01:47:55,000 BOTTOM LEFT WHERE NOWADAYS 2473 01:47:55,000 --> 01:47:57,360 THINGS LIKE HEART DISEASE AND 2474 01:47:57,360 --> 01:48:01,960 CANCER HAVE REPLACED COMMUNIC 2475 01:48:01,960 --> 01:48:03,280 KABL DISEASES AS MAIN REASONS 2476 01:48:03,280 --> 01:48:07,920 FOR HUMANS DYING AND ON GRAPH ON 2477 01:48:07,920 --> 01:48:18,840 RIGHT FOR DISEASES IN UNITED ST 2478 01:48:21,040 --> 01:48:21,640 AND HOW IT QUICKLY DECLINED AND 2479 01:48:21,640 --> 01:48:22,680 MAIN FACTOR THAT HELPED THAT IS 2480 01:48:22,680 --> 01:48:27,160 THE DISCOVERY OF GERMS AND HOW 2481 01:48:27,160 --> 01:48:32,360 CLEAN WATER AND CLEAN FOOD ARE 2482 01:48:32,360 --> 01:48:32,720 IMPORTANT. 2483 01:48:32,720 --> 01:48:35,360 THEY WOULD HELP US, I GUESS, 2484 01:48:35,360 --> 01:48:38,160 LIVE LONGER AND STAY HEALTHIER. 2485 01:48:38,160 --> 01:48:40,920 AND SO THIS BRINGS ME TO A 2486 01:48:40,920 --> 01:48:42,480 COMPARISON I LIKE TO TALK TO 2487 01:48:42,480 --> 01:48:44,280 PEOPLE IN MY COMMUNITY AND 2488 01:48:44,280 --> 01:48:46,120 PEOPLE WHO ARE NONSCIENTISTS AND 2489 01:48:46,120 --> 01:48:48,800 THAT MAKE THIS COMPARISON. 2490 01:48:48,800 --> 01:48:50,880 I COMPARE TO THEM THE GERM 2491 01:48:50,880 --> 01:48:58,280 THEORY OF DISEASE, SOMEBO. PEOD 2492 01:48:58,280 --> 01:49:00,840 OUT GERMS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR 2493 01:49:00,840 --> 01:49:02,560 MOST DISEASES KILLING PEOPLE. 2494 01:49:02,560 --> 01:49:05,280 WE FOUND SOLUTIONS AND WHEN WE 2495 01:49:05,280 --> 01:49:05,920 HAVE KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION 2496 01:49:05,920 --> 01:49:09,160 THAT SCIENTISTS FOUND OUT ABOUT 2497 01:49:09,160 --> 01:49:10,840 THINGS LIKE CLEAN WATER AND FOOD 2498 01:49:10,840 --> 01:49:13,320 AND MENTIONED HAND WASHING AND 2499 01:49:13,320 --> 01:49:16,280 STERILIZATION AND EVENTUALLY 2500 01:49:16,280 --> 01:49:17,920 ANTIBIOTICS WERE SOLUTIONS TO 2501 01:49:17,920 --> 01:49:19,160 MITIGATE THAT AND CAUSE OF DEATH 2502 01:49:19,160 --> 01:49:23,080 SHOWN IN THE PREVIOUS GRAPHS, 2503 01:49:23,080 --> 01:49:24,560 CHANGED FROM COMMUNICABLE 2504 01:49:24,560 --> 01:49:28,080 DISEASES TO OTHER TYPES OF 2505 01:49:28,080 --> 01:49:29,360 DISEASES. 2506 01:49:29,360 --> 01:49:32,600 SO, MY HOPE FOR THE GEROSCIENCE 2507 01:49:32,600 --> 01:49:33,840 HYPOTHESIS IS PEOPLE WILL BE 2508 01:49:33,840 --> 01:49:37,240 ABLE TO SEE THAT AS WE HAVE DONE 2509 01:49:37,240 --> 01:49:42,360 THIS ONCE, AND IXPROVED 2510 01:49:42,360 --> 01:49:44,080 INCREASED LIFESPAN WE CAN 2511 01:49:44,080 --> 01:49:47,720 HOPEFULLY NOW INCREASE HEALTH 2512 01:49:47,720 --> 01:49:50,640 SPAN. WE NOW HAVE EVIDENCE THAT 2513 01:49:50,640 --> 01:49:52,840 DISREGULATION OF BIOLOGICAL 2514 01:49:52,840 --> 01:49:54,560 MECHANISMS CAUSES DISEASES 2515 01:49:54,560 --> 01:49:56,400 REDUCING HEALTH SPAN AND 2516 01:49:56,400 --> 01:49:58,920 HOPEFULLY WE CAN START TO TEST 2517 01:49:58,920 --> 01:50:03,520 SOLUTIONS TO TARGET BILOGICAL 2518 01:50:03,520 --> 01:50:03,840 MECHANISMS. 2519 01:50:03,840 --> 01:50:10,040 AS A EXAMPLE THAT WE ALL KNOW 2520 01:50:10,040 --> 01:50:12,160 ABOUT SENOLYTICS TO GET RID OF 2521 01:50:12,160 --> 01:50:16,320 SENESCENCE CELLS IS ONE WAY AND 2522 01:50:16,320 --> 01:50:18,320 RESTORING -- AND INFLAMMATION 2523 01:50:18,320 --> 01:50:21,280 AND FIBROSIS ARE SOME WAYS THAT 2524 01:50:21,280 --> 01:50:23,600 ARE PROPOSE TODAY TARGET 2525 01:50:23,600 --> 01:50:25,240 BILOGICAL HALLMARKS OF AGING 2526 01:50:25,240 --> 01:50:26,760 THAT YOU HEARD MUCH ABOUT OVER 2527 01:50:26,760 --> 01:50:29,720 THE LAST TWO DAYS AND FINALLY 2528 01:50:29,720 --> 01:50:32,000 APOLOGIZE FOR THIS VERY BUSY 2529 01:50:32,000 --> 01:50:33,480 SLIDE THAT I FIND THIS ARTICLE 2530 01:50:33,480 --> 01:50:37,480 TO BE VERY INTERESTING AND VERY 2531 01:50:37,480 --> 01:50:40,480 RELEVANT TO THIS SESSION THAT 2532 01:50:40,480 --> 01:50:50,840 I'M SPEAKING TODAY. 2533 01:50:53,200 --> 01:50:53,720 THIS IS AN ARTICLE THAT WAS 2534 01:50:53,720 --> 01:50:54,840 CALLED BURDEN OF DISEASE AND 2535 01:50:54,840 --> 01:50:56,560 CHANGING TASK OF MEDICINE AND 2536 01:50:56,560 --> 01:50:58,920 AUTHORS IN THE ARTICLE IS 2537 01:50:58,920 --> 01:51:03,160 REVIEWING 200 YEARS OF ARTICLES 2538 01:51:03,160 --> 01:51:06,040 ABOUT DISEASES THAT HUMANS WERE 2539 01:51:06,040 --> 01:51:07,480 FACING AND CAME UP WITH THIS 2540 01:51:07,480 --> 01:51:10,160 LIST, I GUESS THIS PARAGRAPH 2541 01:51:10,160 --> 01:51:13,600 THAT WAS TAKEN WORD FOR WORD 2542 01:51:13,600 --> 01:51:15,160 FROM THE ARTICLE AND WOULD LIKE 2543 01:51:15,160 --> 01:51:18,320 US TO THINK ABOUT WHAT THEY 2544 01:51:18,320 --> 01:51:20,760 WROTE IN TERMS OF BY REPLACING 2545 01:51:20,760 --> 01:51:21,480 AGING WITH DISEASE. 2546 01:51:21,480 --> 01:51:23,120 I THINK WHAT WE HEARD IN THE 2547 01:51:23,120 --> 01:51:25,200 LAST TWO DAYS KIND OF SHOWS THAT 2548 01:51:25,200 --> 01:51:27,120 WE STILL HAVE TO DEFINE THINGS 2549 01:51:27,120 --> 01:51:29,160 THAT ARE IN THE SAME WAY THAT 2550 01:51:29,160 --> 01:51:31,080 THEY HAVE DEFINED IT FOR DISEASE 2551 01:51:31,080 --> 01:51:33,560 HERE. WE NEED TO DO THAT FOR 2552 01:51:33,560 --> 01:51:34,440 AGING. 2553 01:51:34,440 --> 01:51:36,200 SO, THEY SAY THAT DISEASE IS 2554 01:51:36,200 --> 01:51:39,280 ALWAYS GENERATED, EXPERIENCED 2555 01:51:39,280 --> 01:51:41,720 DEFINED AND AMELIORATED WITHIN A 2556 01:51:41,720 --> 01:51:43,160 SOCIAL WORLD. WE HAVE HEARD A 2557 01:51:43,160 --> 01:51:46,160 LOT ABOUT THAT IN THE PAST TWO 2558 01:51:46,160 --> 01:51:49,480 DAYS IN RELATIONSHIP WITH AGING. 2559 01:51:49,480 --> 01:51:51,200 PATIENTS NEED NOTIONS OF DISEASE 2560 01:51:51,200 --> 01:51:54,360 THAT EXPLICATE THEIR SUFFERING. 2561 01:51:54,360 --> 01:51:56,840 WE ALSO NEED NOTIONS OF AGING 2562 01:51:56,840 --> 01:51:58,760 THAT CAN EXPLICATE SOME OF THEIR 2563 01:51:58,760 --> 01:52:01,600 SUFFERING AS THEY GET OLDER AND 2564 01:52:01,600 --> 01:52:04,160 DOCTORS NEED THEORIES OF 2565 01:52:04,160 --> 01:52:06,520 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2566 01:52:06,520 --> 01:52:09,280 THAT CAN THE FOR THE BURDEN OF 2567 01:52:09,280 --> 01:52:11,680 DISEASE AND INFORMED THERAPEUTIC 2568 01:52:11,680 --> 01:52:15,160 PRACTICE AND POLICYMAKERS NEED 2569 01:52:15,160 --> 01:52:16,600 REALISTIC UNDERSTANDINGS OF 2570 01:52:16,600 --> 01:52:19,160 DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE AND 2571 01:52:19,160 --> 01:52:21,040 MEDICINE'S IMPACT IN ORDER TO 2572 01:52:21,040 --> 01:52:22,200 DESIGN SYSTEMS THAT FOSTER 2573 01:52:22,200 --> 01:52:24,760 HEALTH AND HISTORY OF DISEASE 2574 01:52:24,760 --> 01:52:27,160 OFFERS CRUCIAL INSIGHTS INTO 2575 01:52:27,160 --> 01:52:28,320 INTERSECTIONS OF THESE INTERESTS 2576 01:52:28,320 --> 01:52:30,240 THAT ARE WAYS THAT THEY CAN 2577 01:52:30,240 --> 01:52:31,880 INFORM MEDICAL PRACTICE AND 2578 01:52:31,880 --> 01:52:33,560 HEALTH POLICY. WORK WE ARE 2579 01:52:33,560 --> 01:52:35,480 DOING WITH GEROSCIENCE AND 2580 01:52:35,480 --> 01:52:37,520 GEROSCIENCE HYPOTHESIS. WE CAN 2581 01:52:37,520 --> 01:52:40,280 HOPEFULLY BEGIN TO ANSWER SOME 2582 01:52:40,280 --> 01:52:43,640 OF THESE QUESTIONS TO HELP OUR 2583 01:52:43,640 --> 01:52:44,600 COMMUNITIES UNDERSTAND OUR 2584 01:52:44,600 --> 01:52:47,920 VISION FOR GEROSCIENCE AND WHERE 2585 01:52:47,920 --> 01:52:50,040 IT CAN TAKE US WHERE HOPEFULLY 2586 01:52:50,040 --> 01:52:52,520 IN ANOTHER 100 YEARS WE ARE 2587 01:52:52,520 --> 01:53:00,640 FACING VERY DIFFERENT ISSUES AS 2588 01:53:00,640 --> 01:53:02,520 HUMANS. 2589 01:53:02,520 --> 01:53:03,040 THANK YOU. 2590 01:53:03,040 --> 01:53:03,200 >>[APPLAUSE]. 2591 01:53:03,200 --> 01:53:06,400 >>HELLO. I'M DANIEL PARKER AND 2592 01:53:06,400 --> 01:53:07,840 GERIATRICIAN AT DUKE. IT HAS 2593 01:53:07,840 --> 01:53:10,160 BEEN FUN AND IMPRESSIVE TO SEE 2594 01:53:10,160 --> 01:53:11,680 EXCITING WORK THAT EVERYONE IS 2595 01:53:11,680 --> 01:53:14,040 DOING ON PUSHING THIS FIELD 2596 01:53:14,040 --> 01:53:14,320 FORWARD. 2597 01:53:14,320 --> 01:53:17,640 AND I'M ALSO REALLY THANKFUL TO 2598 01:53:17,640 --> 01:53:19,160 WORK THAT GEORGE AND PEOPLE ARE 2599 01:53:19,160 --> 01:53:21,200 DOING TO EXPAND THE WORKFORCE. 2600 01:53:21,200 --> 01:53:24,480 I WILL COMMENT ON TODAY HOW 2601 01:53:24,480 --> 01:53:27,560 GEROSCIENCE AND GEROPROTECTIVE 2602 01:53:27,560 --> 01:53:28,160 INTERVENTIONS WILL EFFECT 2603 01:53:28,160 --> 01:53:31,160 PRACTICE OF JERAT TRICKS AND 2604 01:53:31,160 --> 01:53:33,160 THINK THAT GEROSCIENCE OFFERS 2605 01:53:33,160 --> 01:53:35,720 OPPORTUNITIES FOR JERAT TRICKS 2606 01:53:35,720 --> 01:53:37,600 AND AS WELL AS CHALLENGES. IF 2607 01:53:37,600 --> 01:53:42,280 YOU GO ONLINE YOU CAN FIND A 2608 01:53:42,280 --> 01:53:44,240 WEBSITE WITH PRESCRIPTION FOR 2609 01:53:44,240 --> 01:53:46,320 MET FOR MIN AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 2610 01:53:46,320 --> 01:53:50,720 IN AS LITTLE AS 15 MINUTES 2611 01:53:50,720 --> 01:53:51,640 GEROSCIENCE PROTECTIVE 2612 01:53:51,640 --> 01:53:53,320 STRATEGIES ARE OUT THERE EVEN IF 2613 01:53:53,320 --> 01:53:54,960 NOT EVIDENCE BASED THAT IS 2614 01:53:54,960 --> 01:53:57,040 CONSIDERATION FOR PERHAPS MORE 2615 01:53:57,040 --> 01:53:57,960 ENTREPRENEURIAL COLLEAGUES THAT 2616 01:53:57,960 --> 01:53:59,360 ARE WORKING IN THIS SPACE AND 2617 01:53:59,360 --> 01:54:01,840 I'M AFRAID THAT WE WILL LOSE OUR 2618 01:54:01,840 --> 01:54:04,440 CLAIM TO THIS TURF. 2619 01:54:04,440 --> 01:54:08,760 IF IT ENDS UP BEING DOMAINS OF 2620 01:54:08,760 --> 01:54:11,560 ONLINE SERVICES AND, YOU KNOW, 2621 01:54:11,560 --> 01:54:13,000 PERHAPS A LITTLE BIT LESS SKRUP 2622 01:54:13,000 --> 01:54:16,120 YOU'LLOUS PROVIDERS WILL 2623 01:54:16,120 --> 01:54:18,080 STIGMATIZE FIELD AND POTENTIALLY 2624 01:54:18,080 --> 01:54:20,000 SET US BACK IF HARMS TO 2625 01:54:20,000 --> 01:54:22,120 TREATMENTS AND SAW ADVERTISEMENT 2626 01:54:22,120 --> 01:54:24,920 ON INSTAGRAM YOU COULD GET AT 2627 01:54:24,920 --> 01:54:27,520 HOME KETAMINE TREATMENT FOR YOUR 2628 01:54:27,520 --> 01:54:30,600 SEVERE DEPRESSION AND IS A BRAVE 2629 01:54:30,600 --> 01:54:33,040 NEW WORLD OUT THERE WITH RESPECT 2630 01:54:33,040 --> 01:54:34,960 TO SOME OF THESE TREATMENTS AND 2631 01:54:34,960 --> 01:54:37,120 THINK, YOU KNOW, IN GERIATRICS 2632 01:54:37,120 --> 01:54:38,800 WE CERTAINLY HAVE A PIPELINE 2633 01:54:38,800 --> 01:54:41,200 ISSUE. I THIS I IT WILL POSE A 2634 01:54:41,200 --> 01:54:43,360 CHALLENGE TO US REALLY BECOMING 2635 01:54:43,360 --> 01:54:45,600 LEADERS IN THIS FIELD. 2636 01:54:45,600 --> 01:54:48,480 AT THIS SAME TIME, IT IS A 2637 01:54:48,480 --> 01:54:49,200 TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITY AND WHAT 2638 01:54:49,200 --> 01:54:50,840 WE HAVE TREATMENTS 2639 01:54:50,840 --> 01:54:52,520 EVIDENCE-BASED AND EFFECTIVE, IT 2640 01:54:52,520 --> 01:54:54,720 WILL EXCITE TRAINEES AND 2641 01:54:54,720 --> 01:54:56,240 MOTIVATE THEM TO GO INTO 2642 01:54:56,240 --> 01:54:57,440 GERIATRICS AND THINK WE HAVE TO 2643 01:54:57,440 --> 01:54:58,120 CLAIM IT. 2644 01:54:58,120 --> 01:55:00,520 I THINK IT HAS TO BE OUR KIND OF 2645 01:55:00,520 --> 01:55:04,720 AREA AND IT SHOULD BASED ON OUR 2646 01:55:04,720 --> 01:55:06,160 EXPERTISE AND COMFORT AND 2647 01:55:06,160 --> 01:55:08,360 COMPLEXITY IN WORKING WITH 2648 01:55:08,360 --> 01:55:10,600 PATIENTS WITH LOTS MORE MEDICAL 2649 01:55:10,600 --> 01:55:11,600 COMORBIDITIES AND WHAT HAS TO 2650 01:55:11,600 --> 01:55:13,920 HAPPEN IS A BIT OF A CULTURE 2651 01:55:13,920 --> 01:55:16,160 CHANGE IN GERIATRICS AND CULTURE 2652 01:55:16,160 --> 01:55:20,840 OF JER TRICKS IS WONDERFUL AND 2653 01:55:20,840 --> 01:55:21,920 ATTRACTED ME TO THE FIELD AND 2654 01:55:21,920 --> 01:55:23,920 THINK OF IT AS A FORCE IN 2655 01:55:23,920 --> 01:55:25,760 MEDICINE AND WE HAVE BEEN REALLY 2656 01:55:25,760 --> 01:55:28,400 FOCUSED ON THINKING ABOUT HARM. 2657 01:55:28,400 --> 01:55:30,680 THINKING ABOUT COMPLEXITY AND 2658 01:55:30,680 --> 01:55:32,000 THINKING ABOUT THE BIG PICTURE 2659 01:55:32,000 --> 01:55:34,720 AND HOLISTIC CARE OF OUR 2660 01:55:34,720 --> 01:55:36,120 PATIENTS AND KIND OF PUSHING 2661 01:55:36,120 --> 01:55:40,080 BACK OR MITIGATING SOME OF THE 2662 01:55:40,080 --> 01:55:43,360 NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF PERHAPS 2663 01:55:43,360 --> 01:55:43,960 UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF 2664 01:55:43,960 --> 01:55:45,840 CURRENT KIND OF MEDICAL SYSTEM. 2665 01:55:45,840 --> 01:55:48,520 SO, HOW DO WE SHIFT FROM, YOU 2666 01:55:48,520 --> 01:55:50,960 KNOW, BEING A CULTURE THAT IS 2667 01:55:50,960 --> 01:55:53,920 REACTIVE TO SOME DEGREE THAT IS 2668 01:55:53,920 --> 01:55:56,480 FOCUSED ON DEPRESCRIBING AND 2669 01:55:56,480 --> 01:55:58,360 PERHAPS PROTECTING OUR, YOU 2670 01:55:58,360 --> 01:56:00,880 KNOW, MOST VULNERABLE PATIENTS 2671 01:56:00,880 --> 01:56:03,120 FROM SOME NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES 2672 01:56:03,120 --> 01:56:04,720 OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM 2673 01:56:04,720 --> 01:56:07,200 TO SHIFTING FOCUS TO BEING 2674 01:56:07,200 --> 01:56:09,800 PROACTIVE AND PERHAPS ENGAGING 2675 01:56:09,800 --> 01:56:11,520 PATIENTS THAT ARE WELL AND DON'T 2676 01:56:11,520 --> 01:56:14,640 HAVE LOTS OF MEDICAL 2677 01:56:14,640 --> 01:56:16,000 COMORBIDITIES THAT WOULD BENEFIT 2678 01:56:16,000 --> 01:56:17,800 FROM SOME INTERVENTIONS THAT IS 2679 01:56:17,800 --> 01:56:19,320 A REAL CHALLENGE. I DON'T HAVE 2680 01:56:19,320 --> 01:56:21,200 THE ANSWER TO THAT. YOU KNOW, I 2681 01:56:21,200 --> 01:56:24,320 WONDER IF IT IS FEASIBLE TO SET 2682 01:56:24,320 --> 01:56:25,680 UP CLINICS NOW GIVEN WORKFORCE 2683 01:56:25,680 --> 01:56:27,440 ISSUES AND IS THERE ACTUALLY A 2684 01:56:27,440 --> 01:56:28,920 BUSINESS MODEL THAT WOULD 2685 01:56:28,920 --> 01:56:31,640 SUPPORT CLINICS LIKE THIS AT 2686 01:56:31,640 --> 01:56:32,400 ACADEMIC INSTITUTION WHERE'S 2687 01:56:32,400 --> 01:56:35,920 THERE IS EXPERTISE TO REALLY USE 2688 01:56:35,920 --> 01:56:37,160 THESE INTERVENTIONS RESPONSIBLY 2689 01:56:37,160 --> 01:56:38,880 AND THINK IT IS AN EXCITING TIME 2690 01:56:38,880 --> 01:56:40,920 AND AS A PROFESSION WE HAVE TO 2691 01:56:40,920 --> 01:56:43,960 FIGURE OUT THE ANSWER TO SOME OF 2692 01:56:43,960 --> 01:56:45,000 THESE QUESTIONS. 2693 01:56:45,000 --> 01:56:47,520 I THINK WHEN WE DO THAT IT WILL 2694 01:56:47,520 --> 01:56:49,120 DEFINITELY HELP US WITH OUR 2695 01:56:49,120 --> 01:56:51,000 WORKFORCE ISSUES AND A COLLEAGUE 2696 01:56:51,000 --> 01:56:52,160 IS A RHEUMATOLOGIST AND SHARED 2697 01:56:52,160 --> 01:56:54,240 THERE ARE ISSUES GETTING PEOPLE 2698 01:56:54,240 --> 01:56:56,640 TO GO INTO RHEUMATOLOGY AND WHAT 2699 01:56:56,640 --> 01:56:59,600 TNF INHIBITORS COME OUT THEY ARE 2700 01:56:59,600 --> 01:57:01,560 ACTUALLY MOLECULARLY TARGETED 2701 01:57:01,560 --> 01:57:03,440 DISEASE MODIFYING THERAPIES FOR 2702 01:57:03,440 --> 01:57:04,960 CONDITIONS THEY SAW UPTICK IN 2703 01:57:04,960 --> 01:57:06,200 INTEREST IN THE FIELD AND IS 2704 01:57:06,200 --> 01:57:08,520 MANY I HOPE THAT WE WILL SEE 2705 01:57:08,520 --> 01:57:09,960 SOMETHING SIMILAR WITH 2706 01:57:09,960 --> 01:57:10,920 GERIATRICS WHEN WE HAVE 2707 01:57:10,920 --> 01:57:13,560 THERAPIES THAT ARE AVAILABLE. 2708 01:57:13,560 --> 01:57:15,800 YOU KNOW, AND SUPPORTED BY THE 2709 01:57:15,800 --> 01:57:17,360 EVIDENCE. 2710 01:57:17,360 --> 01:57:19,080 YEAH. I WOULD APPRECIATE 2711 01:57:19,080 --> 01:57:20,520 PEOPLES THOUGHTS HOW WE CAN KIND 2712 01:57:20,520 --> 01:57:23,160 OF CLAIM THIS TURF SO THAT IT IS 2713 01:57:23,160 --> 01:57:27,040 NO THE JUST A MONEY-MAKING 2714 01:57:27,040 --> 01:57:30,680 ENTERPRISE FOR ONLINE DOCTORS. 2715 01:57:30,680 --> 01:57:31,840 THANK YOU. 2716 01:57:31,840 --> 01:57:36,560 >>[APPLAUSE]. 2717 01:57:36,560 --> 01:57:39,880 >>I WANT TO THANK ORGANIZERS 2718 01:57:39,880 --> 01:57:41,520 AND NIH STAFF FOR LEADING THIS 2719 01:57:41,520 --> 01:57:44,920 AND MAKING THIS ACCESSIBLE FOR 2720 01:57:44,920 --> 01:57:45,280 THEIR SPEAKERS. 2721 01:57:45,280 --> 01:57:47,360 I'M REALLY EXCITED BY WHAT I 2722 01:57:47,360 --> 01:57:49,920 HAVE HEARD TODAY. 2723 01:57:49,920 --> 01:57:53,800 I WANTED TO JUST TALK ABOUT DR. 2724 01:57:53,800 --> 01:57:55,680 -- TALKING ABOUT WHAT IS IT, YOU 2725 01:57:55,680 --> 01:57:55,920 KNOW? 2726 01:57:55,920 --> 01:57:57,920 AND TRYING TO PUT THAT, THE 2727 01:57:57,920 --> 01:58:00,640 WHAT. IF IT IS GEROSCIENCE, THE 2728 01:58:00,640 --> 01:58:02,920 WHAT IS POTENTIALLY LONGEVITY 2729 01:58:02,920 --> 01:58:05,520 AND HOW DO WE GET THERE AND 2730 01:58:05,520 --> 01:58:07,680 THANKING NOT ONLY ORGANIZERS BUT 2731 01:58:07,680 --> 01:58:11,160 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE AND 2732 01:58:11,160 --> 01:58:13,080 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO LED THE 2733 01:58:13,080 --> 01:58:15,080 GLOBAL ROAD MAP OF LONGEVITY 2734 01:58:15,080 --> 01:58:17,520 RELEASED ABOUT A YEAR AGO AND 2735 01:58:17,520 --> 01:58:20,320 CO-CHAIRS OF THE COMMISSION DR. 2736 01:58:20,320 --> 01:58:22,640 LINDA FROOED OF COLUMBIA 2737 01:58:22,640 --> 01:58:26,600 UNIVERSITY AND DR. JOHN WONG OF 2738 01:58:26,600 --> 01:58:28,320 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF 2739 01:58:28,320 --> 01:58:29,200 SINGAPORE AND COMMISSION CHAIR 2740 01:58:29,200 --> 01:58:30,680 AND WANT TO TRY TO PUT ALL THIS 2741 01:58:30,680 --> 01:58:35,280 IN THE CONTEXT OF THIS CONSENSUS 2742 01:58:35,280 --> 01:58:39,040 REPORT. 2743 01:58:39,040 --> 01:58:42,240 SO, NO DISCLOSURES OTHER THAN 2744 01:58:42,240 --> 01:58:47,160 ARP IS A PRINCIPLE FUNDER OF THE 2745 01:58:47,160 --> 01:58:49,120 GLOBAL ROADMAP. 2746 01:58:49,120 --> 01:58:52,880 ROADMAP DEFINES HEALTH LONGEVITY 2747 01:58:52,880 --> 01:58:57,760 WHEN YEARS OF GOOD HEALTH 2748 01:58:57,760 --> 01:58:58,720 APPROACH BIOLOGICAL LIFESPAN 2749 01:58:58,720 --> 01:59:00,840 WITH WELL BEING THAT ESTABLISHES 2750 01:59:00,840 --> 01:59:04,600 2050 AS A TARGET YEAR TO ACHIEVE 2751 01:59:04,600 --> 01:59:09,760 THIS GOAL GLOBALLY. IF YOU 2752 01:59:09,760 --> 01:59:11,760 THINK YOU ARE AMBITIOUS THINK OF 2753 01:59:11,760 --> 01:59:14,040 GLOBAL HEALTH AND LONGEVITY AND 2754 01:59:14,040 --> 01:59:16,080 THAT NO SOCIETY HAS ACHIEVED IT 2755 01:59:16,080 --> 01:59:18,040 YET. IT IS ACHIEVABLE. 2756 01:59:18,040 --> 01:59:22,040 I THINK CONVERSATIONS WE HAVE 2757 01:59:22,040 --> 01:59:24,480 HAD TODAY HELP ME THINK ABOUT 2758 01:59:24,480 --> 01:59:28,320 HEALTH LONGEVITY GLOBALLY AND 2759 01:59:28,320 --> 01:59:29,560 NEUROSCIENCE SPECIFICALLY HAVE 2760 01:59:29,560 --> 01:59:31,320 POTENTIAL TO WORK TOGETHER. IF 2761 01:59:31,320 --> 01:59:35,000 YOU THINK ABOUT THE 5MS THAT DR. 2762 01:59:35,000 --> 01:59:37,240 FORMAN TALKED ABOUT THAT WERE 2763 01:59:37,240 --> 01:59:40,400 PROPOSED BY DR. TEN ETTI THEY 2764 01:59:40,400 --> 01:59:42,440 ARE OVERARCHING FIVE PRINCIPLES 2765 01:59:42,440 --> 01:59:47,920 OF HEALTH AND LONGEVITY THAT 2766 01:59:47,920 --> 01:59:49,440 GLOBAL WORLD ROAD MAP HAS 2767 01:59:49,440 --> 01:59:50,880 PROPOSED AND SEEING TODAY PEOPLE 2768 01:59:50,880 --> 01:59:53,640 OF OLD AGES AND OLDER ADULTS 2769 01:59:53,640 --> 01:59:55,800 REACHING FULL POTENTIAL AND 2770 01:59:55,800 --> 01:59:57,120 HEARD LECTURES ABOUT HOW TO PROG 2771 01:59:57,120 --> 01:59:59,120 NOFT INDICATE WHO WOULD BENEFIT 2772 01:59:59,120 --> 02:00:01,720 MOST FROM SURGERIES AND 2773 02:00:01,720 --> 02:00:04,160 PROCEDURES AND IN TERMS OF 2774 02:00:04,160 --> 02:00:06,000 PREDICTING, PREDICTION IS MUCH A 2775 02:00:06,000 --> 02:00:07,680 PART OF WHAT GEROSCIENCE IS 2776 02:00:07,680 --> 02:00:09,880 TODAY AND TALKING ABOUT SIZE AND 2777 02:00:09,880 --> 02:00:12,280 BEST HEALTH AND FUNCTIONING OF 2778 02:00:12,280 --> 02:00:15,000 INDIVIDUALS AT ALL AGES. 2779 02:00:15,000 --> 02:00:21,920 AT ARPRCO JAIN JENKINS TALKS -- 2780 02:00:21,920 --> 02:00:24,880 SECOND 50 IS WHAT SOCIETY 2781 02:00:24,880 --> 02:00:27,320 PERCEIVES THAT AGE SHOULD MEAN 2782 02:00:27,320 --> 02:00:28,920 AND DR. KER SHELL TALKS ABOUT 2783 02:00:28,920 --> 02:00:31,640 AGEISM AS WELL; RIGHT? 2784 02:00:31,640 --> 02:00:34,120 GEROSCIENCE HAS POTENTIAL TO 2785 02:00:34,120 --> 02:00:36,080 REDEFINE 50 BEING 50 AND 90 2786 02:00:36,080 --> 02:00:38,360 BEING 90 AND IF YOU THINK ABOUT 2787 02:00:38,360 --> 02:00:41,160 WHEN WE NEED TO HAVE 2788 02:00:41,160 --> 02:00:42,640 INTERVENTIONS, 40 BEING NEW 40; 2789 02:00:42,640 --> 02:00:43,160 RIGHT? 2790 02:00:43,160 --> 02:00:45,600 I THINK IT IS SOMETHING OR 12 2791 02:00:45,600 --> 02:00:48,160 BEING NEW 12. THIS EFFECTS ALL 2792 02:00:48,160 --> 02:00:51,600 OF US ACROSS ALL LIFE STAGES AND 2793 02:00:51,600 --> 02:00:55,880 I'M REALLY HEARTENED BY WHAT DR. 2794 02:00:55,880 --> 02:00:57,480 WHITMAN STARTED WITH THIS FIRST 2795 02:00:57,480 --> 02:00:58,840 SESSION THE FIRST DAY WITH 2796 02:00:58,840 --> 02:01:02,040 ISSUES OF DISPARITIES THAT IS 2797 02:01:02,040 --> 02:01:04,720 CENTRAL TO WHO IS TAKING 2798 02:01:04,720 --> 02:01:07,560 OFF-LABEL, YOU KNOW, GEROSCIENCE 2799 02:01:07,560 --> 02:01:10,160 TREATMENTS HAVING EFFECTIVE 2800 02:01:10,160 --> 02:01:12,800 TREATMENT GETTING TO ENTIRE 2801 02:01:12,800 --> 02:01:14,960 OLYMPIC TEAM WHAT WOULD EFFECT 2802 02:01:14,960 --> 02:01:18,000 BE? NOT THAT MUCH; RIGHT? 2803 02:01:18,000 --> 02:01:20,280 ACCESSIBLE MENTIONED EARLIER BY 2804 02:01:20,280 --> 02:01:22,280 THOSE IN INTRODUCTION IF 2805 02:01:22,280 --> 02:01:23,040 INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE 2806 02:01:23,040 --> 02:01:24,800 AND TAKEN BY PEOPLE WITH ACCESS 2807 02:01:24,800 --> 02:01:26,440 TO GOOD HEALTH CARE AND 2808 02:01:26,440 --> 02:01:29,080 RESOURCES WE HAVE POTENTIAL TO 2809 02:01:29,080 --> 02:01:30,240 WORSEN DISPARITIES THROUGHOUT 2810 02:01:30,240 --> 02:01:32,800 THE COUNTRY AND THE WORLD AND IS 2811 02:01:32,800 --> 02:01:36,440 ALSO HUGE FINANCIAL BENEFIT OF 2812 02:01:36,440 --> 02:01:38,920 POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 2813 02:01:38,920 --> 02:01:40,360 GEROSCIENCE. FINALLY, DATA. 2814 02:01:40,360 --> 02:01:43,880 ONE THING THAT IS INTERESTING IS 2815 02:01:43,880 --> 02:01:46,680 THAT THE COMMISSION WASN'T ABLE 2816 02:01:46,680 --> 02:01:50,680 TO COME UP WITH GLOBAL 2817 02:01:50,680 --> 02:01:52,000 DEFINITION OF HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2818 02:01:52,000 --> 02:01:55,400 AND THEY RAN OUT OF TIME AND 2819 02:01:55,400 --> 02:01:56,880 HERE TODAY WE ARE TALKING ABOUT, 2820 02:01:56,880 --> 02:01:59,280 YOU KNOW, WHAT ARE BIOMARKERS 2821 02:01:59,280 --> 02:02:02,480 FOR GEROSCIENCE AND TALKING 2822 02:02:02,480 --> 02:02:04,080 ABOUT ODOMETER AND SPEEDOMETER 2823 02:02:04,080 --> 02:02:06,480 AND ALL ASKING THE VERY SIMILAR 2824 02:02:06,480 --> 02:02:07,200 QUESTIONS. 2825 02:02:07,200 --> 02:02:08,520 SORRY GOING BACK. 2826 02:02:08,520 --> 02:02:11,520 SO, TO ACHIEVE THIS IN 2050, 2827 02:02:11,520 --> 02:02:14,400 THESE ARE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 2828 02:02:14,400 --> 02:02:16,360 AND FIVE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 2829 02:02:16,360 --> 02:02:17,600 LISTED HERE AND LIST 2830 02:02:17,600 --> 02:02:18,360 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT COMMISSION 2831 02:02:18,360 --> 02:02:20,280 HAS AND WON'T GO OVER ALL OF 2832 02:02:20,280 --> 02:02:22,200 THEM. THEY BECOME, YOU KNOW, 2833 02:02:22,200 --> 02:02:23,520 COMPLETED IN THE NEXT, YOU KNOW, 2834 02:02:23,520 --> 02:02:26,680 5 TO 10 YEARS IF WE HAVE -- WE 2835 02:02:26,680 --> 02:02:29,480 WILL HAVE GLOBAL HEALTH 2836 02:02:29,480 --> 02:02:32,480 LONGEVITY IN 2050. THESE ARE 2837 02:02:32,480 --> 02:02:35,280 FOUR DOMAINS OF ALL OF THE 2838 02:02:35,280 --> 02:02:36,440 COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS AND 2839 02:02:36,440 --> 02:02:39,320 AS WE TALK ABOUT SOCIAL 2840 02:02:39,320 --> 02:02:41,240 INFRASTRUCTURE, AGEISM IS 2841 02:02:41,240 --> 02:02:43,040 ESSENTIAL; RIGHT? 2842 02:02:43,040 --> 02:02:44,640 MENTIONED EARLIER HOW 2843 02:02:44,640 --> 02:02:46,720 PERCEPTIONS OF AGING COULD 2844 02:02:46,720 --> 02:02:50,680 SOMETIMES PREDICT FUTURE HEALTH 2845 02:02:50,680 --> 02:02:53,240 COURSE AND PERCEPTIONS OF AGING 2846 02:02:53,240 --> 02:02:54,280 ARE DOCTORS THAT TOGETHER YOU 2847 02:02:54,280 --> 02:02:57,120 CAN SEE PERCEPTIONS OF AGING 2848 02:02:57,120 --> 02:02:59,600 MODULATE RISK FACTORS FOR 2849 02:02:59,600 --> 02:03:01,000 COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA 2850 02:03:01,000 --> 02:03:03,080 AND IN TERMS OF SOCIAL 2851 02:03:03,080 --> 02:03:05,280 INFRASTRUCTURE. YOU KNOW, YOU 2852 02:03:05,280 --> 02:03:07,040 KNOW, DR. WHITSON, YOU TALKED 2853 02:03:07,040 --> 02:03:09,360 ABOUT RESILIENCE AND SO MUCH 2854 02:03:09,360 --> 02:03:11,000 RESILIENCE IS COMMUNITY AND 2855 02:03:11,000 --> 02:03:12,480 CAREGIVERS AND FAMILY AND PEOPLE 2856 02:03:12,480 --> 02:03:14,280 THAT PROCEDURES OCCUR WITHIN AND 2857 02:03:14,280 --> 02:03:16,920 HOW WE MEASURE THAT AND HOW WE 2858 02:03:16,920 --> 02:03:18,680 HAVE INTERSECTION BETWEEN SOCIAL 2859 02:03:18,680 --> 02:03:20,280 INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL 2860 02:03:20,280 --> 02:03:22,160 ENVIRONMENT AND THINKING ABOUT 2861 02:03:22,160 --> 02:03:23,600 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIET IS 2862 02:03:23,600 --> 02:03:26,680 VERY MUCH PART OF IT. CAN 2863 02:03:26,680 --> 02:03:29,800 GEROSCIENCE THEN MEASURE OR 2864 02:03:29,800 --> 02:03:31,120 POTENTIALLY MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO 2865 02:03:31,120 --> 02:03:33,640 CONTINUE THESE INTERVENTIONS 2866 02:03:33,640 --> 02:03:37,000 MUCH LIKE IT MIGHT -- OR 2867 02:03:37,000 --> 02:03:38,320 ACTIVITY MONITOR MIGHT, YOU 2868 02:03:38,320 --> 02:03:41,920 KNOW, PROMOTE AN INDIVIDUAL TO 2869 02:03:41,920 --> 02:03:44,080 MAINTAIN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. 2870 02:03:44,080 --> 02:03:46,400 COULD A GEROSCIENCE PEDOMETER 2871 02:03:46,400 --> 02:03:50,320 THAT TELLS YOU HOW YOUR -- YOUR 2872 02:03:50,320 --> 02:03:52,560 CURRENT PACE OF AGING IS EFFECT 2873 02:03:52,560 --> 02:03:56,640 HOW YOU MIGHT RESPOND TO 2874 02:03:56,640 --> 02:03:58,160 INTERVENTIONS. 2875 02:03:58,160 --> 02:04:02,000 YOU KNOW, AND I THINK THAT THIS 2876 02:04:02,000 --> 02:04:04,280 IDEA OF DR. FORMAN MENTIONED 2877 02:04:04,280 --> 02:04:06,200 THIS IDEA OF INFLAMMATORY AGING 2878 02:04:06,200 --> 02:04:07,640 AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IS VERY 2879 02:04:07,640 --> 02:04:10,040 MUCH A KEY PART OF THAT AND 2880 02:04:10,040 --> 02:04:12,240 HEARD EARLIER THIS WEEK ABOUT 2881 02:04:12,240 --> 02:04:14,320 EXPERIENCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR 2882 02:04:14,320 --> 02:04:16,280 DISEASE IN SUBSISTENCE FARMING 2883 02:04:16,280 --> 02:04:17,680 COMMUNITY AND HOW WE 2884 02:04:17,680 --> 02:04:19,560 AUTOMATICALLY FEEL THAT WE SEE 2885 02:04:19,560 --> 02:04:22,000 IN OUR OWN SOCIETY DISCUSSION 2886 02:04:22,000 --> 02:04:23,520 INFLAMMATION AND HEART DISEASE 2887 02:04:23,520 --> 02:04:25,800 MAY NOT ALWAYS BE THE CASE 2888 02:04:25,800 --> 02:04:29,560 DEPENDING ON PROOIR EXPOSURE TO 2889 02:04:29,560 --> 02:04:30,680 THE MICROBIOME THAT YOU LIVE 2890 02:04:30,680 --> 02:04:32,720 WITH AND GREW UP WITH. FINALLY, 2891 02:04:32,720 --> 02:04:34,560 JUST TALKING ABOUT HEALTH 2892 02:04:34,560 --> 02:04:36,400 SYSTEMS AND THIS IS CREATING A 2893 02:04:36,400 --> 02:04:38,440 CRITICAL PART OF THIS. WE 2894 02:04:38,440 --> 02:04:40,640 TALKED ABOUT HOW JERAT TRICKS 2895 02:04:40,640 --> 02:04:42,440 CAN INFORM THE HEALTH CARE 2896 02:04:42,440 --> 02:04:45,040 SYSTEM AND HOW IT CAN INFORM 2897 02:04:45,040 --> 02:04:46,480 GEROSCIENCE AND HOW GEROSCIENCE 2898 02:04:46,480 --> 02:04:47,920 CAN DO REVERSE AS WELL. 2899 02:04:47,920 --> 02:04:52,640 IF WE ARE, AGAIN, ABLE TO BETTER 2900 02:04:52,640 --> 02:04:55,280 PREDICT BETTER INTERVENTIONS AND 2901 02:04:55,280 --> 02:04:58,400 TALKING ABOUT R25 AND TALKING 2902 02:04:58,400 --> 02:04:59,800 ABOUT GEROSCIENCE TURNING AROUND 2903 02:04:59,800 --> 02:05:01,600 CREATING NEXT GENERATION OF 2904 02:05:01,600 --> 02:05:03,640 GERIATRICIANS AND NEXT 2905 02:05:03,640 --> 02:05:04,880 GENERATION OF PHYSICIANS AND 2906 02:05:04,880 --> 02:05:07,880 NURSES AND PROVIDERS. 2907 02:05:07,880 --> 02:05:11,640 SO, I REALLY JUST WANTED TO END 2908 02:05:11,640 --> 02:05:14,080 WITH THIS CHARGE THAT JOE AN 2909 02:05:14,080 --> 02:05:20,400 JENKINS CIO AND ARP CO-CHAIR 2910 02:05:20,400 --> 02:05:22,680 NATIONAL OVERSIGHT BOARD GLOBAL 2911 02:05:22,680 --> 02:05:26,680 ROADMAP AND PANDEMIC FIRST 2912 02:05:26,680 --> 02:05:27,520 INAUGURAL HEADQUARTERS AND 2913 02:05:27,520 --> 02:05:29,560 PEOPLE TODAY ARE LIVING LONGER 2914 02:05:29,560 --> 02:05:30,920 THAN EVER BEFORE AND THOSE EXTRA 2915 02:05:30,920 --> 02:05:33,120 YEARS WOULD BE GOOD ONES 2916 02:05:33,120 --> 02:05:34,520 SOCIETIES AND ECONOMIES AROUND 2917 02:05:34,520 --> 02:05:36,440 THE WORLD WOULD BENEFIT 2918 02:05:36,440 --> 02:05:37,760 POPULATION AGING DEPENDS THAT 2919 02:05:37,760 --> 02:05:39,120 MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS WOULD TAKE 2920 02:05:39,120 --> 02:05:41,840 ON AND WHAT YOU HAVE ALL TAKEN 2921 02:05:41,840 --> 02:05:43,400 ON AND AS DR. PARKER SAID, YOU 2922 02:05:43,400 --> 02:05:46,640 HAVE TO CLAIM IT. WITH THAT, 2923 02:05:46,640 --> 02:05:48,440 THANKS VERY MUCH FOR BEING IN 2924 02:05:48,440 --> 02:05:51,040 ATTENDANCE AND NEXT STEP IS 2925 02:05:51,040 --> 02:05:54,680 HAVING SPEAKERS AND PANELISTS 2926 02:05:54,680 --> 02:05:55,880 COME UP. 2927 02:05:55,880 --> 02:05:56,240 >>[APPLAUSE]. 2928 02:05:56,240 --> 02:06:04,480 >>>>I'M NOT SURE WHO IS IN 2929 02:06:04,480 --> 02:06:07,080 CHARGE HERE. I SEE A QUESTION. 2930 02:06:07,080 --> 02:06:09,840 >>THANK YOU. SOPHIA FROM 2931 02:06:09,840 --> 02:06:10,840 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF 2932 02:06:10,840 --> 02:06:13,400 MEDICINE. I HAVE MORE OF A 2933 02:06:13,400 --> 02:06:14,200 COMMENT RATHER THAN A QUESTION. 2934 02:06:14,200 --> 02:06:16,280 I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR YOUR INPUT 2935 02:06:16,280 --> 02:06:17,000 ON THIS. 2936 02:06:17,000 --> 02:06:19,480 SO, I THINK EFFORTS THAT YOU ARE 2937 02:06:19,480 --> 02:06:22,240 ALL MAKING IN SPREADING THE 2938 02:06:22,240 --> 02:06:23,720 GOSPEL OF GEROSCIENCE AND 2939 02:06:23,720 --> 02:06:26,960 EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT. I 2940 02:06:26,960 --> 02:06:29,800 WOULD ALSO CAUTION YOU TO NOT 2941 02:06:29,800 --> 02:06:33,120 KEEP IT SILOED WITH GERIATRICS. 2942 02:06:33,120 --> 02:06:36,280 THERE ARE -- THE REALITY IS, 2943 02:06:36,280 --> 02:06:39,920 RIGHT, MOST OLDER ADULTS ARE NOT 2944 02:06:39,920 --> 02:06:42,080 TAKEN CARE OF BY GERIATRICIANS. 2945 02:06:42,080 --> 02:06:46,040 THAT IS THE WAY IT IS. I'M AN 2946 02:06:46,040 --> 02:06:47,600 ENDOCRINOLOGIST AND SEE LOTS OF 2947 02:06:47,600 --> 02:06:50,160 ADULTS AND PHYSICIANS IN THE 2948 02:06:50,160 --> 02:06:52,280 ROOM ARE SUBSPECIALISTS. IT IS 2949 02:06:52,280 --> 02:06:53,960 IMPORTANT I THINK FOR THE ENTIRE 2950 02:06:53,960 --> 02:06:59,080 MEDICAL COMMUNITY TO BE AWARE OF 2951 02:06:59,080 --> 02:07:00,480 GEROSCIENCE. 2952 02:07:00,480 --> 02:07:03,000 I LIKE EFFORTS BEING DONE TO 2953 02:07:03,000 --> 02:07:04,640 INTRODUCE IT INTO MEDICAL SCHOOL 2954 02:07:04,640 --> 02:07:07,040 AND MEDICAL STUDENTS AND REALITY 2955 02:07:07,040 --> 02:07:09,800 IS WHEN I TRAIN AND SUSPECT IT 2956 02:07:09,800 --> 02:07:11,640 IS THE SAME PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING 2957 02:07:11,640 --> 02:07:14,000 IS NOT TAUGHT; RIGHT? 2958 02:07:14,000 --> 02:07:17,800 THERE IS PHYSIOLOGY OF 2959 02:07:17,800 --> 02:07:20,640 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND 2960 02:07:20,640 --> 02:07:22,000 ENDOCRINOLOGY BUT IS NO FIZZ YOL 2961 02:07:22,000 --> 02:07:24,560 OF AGING. 2962 02:07:24,560 --> 02:07:26,440 THERE IS EVERY SYSTEM THAT 2963 02:07:26,440 --> 02:07:29,720 EXPERIENCES THAT; RIGHT? 2964 02:07:29,720 --> 02:07:31,960 ENDOCRINOLOGY WE KNOW ENDOCRINE 2965 02:07:31,960 --> 02:07:34,080 SYSTEM AGES AND CHANGES AND WAY 2966 02:07:34,080 --> 02:07:38,280 YOU TREAT OLDER ADULT WITH 2967 02:07:38,280 --> 02:07:39,400 ENDOCRINE CONDITION IS DIFFERENT 2968 02:07:39,400 --> 02:07:41,080 AND REALLY HOPE WE CAN SPREAD 2969 02:07:41,080 --> 02:07:43,880 THIS EVERYWHERE. WE ARE TRYING 2970 02:07:43,880 --> 02:07:47,320 TO DO THAT SO THAT THERE IS 2971 02:07:47,320 --> 02:07:50,160 TEXTBOOK ON ENDOCRINE DISEASES 2972 02:07:50,160 --> 02:07:53,640 WILLIAM'S TEXTBOOK OF 2973 02:07:53,640 --> 02:07:54,520 ENDOCRINOLOGY. 2974 02:07:54,520 --> 02:07:57,840 THIS YEAR ACTUALLY I'M 2975 02:07:57,840 --> 02:07:59,840 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND WE ARE 2976 02:07:59,840 --> 02:08:04,480 TASKED WITH WRITING CHAPTER ON 2977 02:08:04,480 --> 02:08:05,720 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND AGING AND 2978 02:08:05,720 --> 02:08:07,360 CHAPTER TALKED ABOUT THINGS 2979 02:08:07,360 --> 02:08:10,880 GOING WRONG WITH AGING AND TAKEN 2980 02:08:10,880 --> 02:08:12,320 GEROSCIENCE APPROACH TO DESCRIBE 2981 02:08:12,320 --> 02:08:13,200 CHANGES THAT ARE CURRENT AND 2982 02:08:13,200 --> 02:08:15,600 WHEN ATHEY NEED AND WHAT FUTURE 2983 02:08:15,600 --> 02:08:17,320 HOLDS AND IS COMMENT ON REALLY 2984 02:08:17,320 --> 02:08:22,120 TRYING TO NOT KEEP IT SILOED IN 2985 02:08:22,120 --> 02:08:23,960 JERAT TRICKS. 2986 02:08:23,960 --> 02:08:26,520 >>CAN YOU HEAR ME OKAY? I 2987 02:08:26,520 --> 02:08:29,840 AGREE AND DAN CAN SPEAK TO 2988 02:08:29,840 --> 02:08:32,440 GERIATRIC CARD YOL. YOU ARE 2989 02:08:32,440 --> 02:08:33,640 ABSOLUTELY RIGHT. HAS TO 2990 02:08:33,640 --> 02:08:35,800 INCLUSIVE. IT WILL BE. IN 2991 02:08:35,800 --> 02:08:39,600 TERMS OF R25 GRANT REASON WE 2992 02:08:39,600 --> 02:08:41,840 FOCUS ON THOSE THREE GROUPS OF 2993 02:08:41,840 --> 02:08:44,480 LEARNERS IS SIMPLY BAND WIDTH 2994 02:08:44,480 --> 02:08:45,720 AND SMALL SHORT THREE-YEAR GRANT 2995 02:08:45,720 --> 02:08:48,640 THAT WE HAVE TO FOCUS AND THAT 2996 02:08:48,640 --> 02:08:49,880 ABSOLUTELY NEEDS TO BE EXPANDED 2997 02:08:49,880 --> 02:08:52,000 TO OTHER DISCIPLINES AND WANT TO 2998 02:08:52,000 --> 02:08:55,520 ECHO SENTIMENT AND TO EMPHASIZE 2999 02:08:55,520 --> 02:08:56,840 THAT WITHIN CARD YOL AND ALSO 3000 02:08:56,840 --> 02:08:59,840 WITHIN CANCER AND MANY OTHER 3001 02:08:59,840 --> 02:09:01,800 DISEASE STATES THERE IS MORE AND 3002 02:09:01,800 --> 02:09:04,200 MORE THE UNDERSTANDING THAT 3003 02:09:04,200 --> 02:09:07,720 AGING IS REALLY HARDWIRED TO 3004 02:09:07,720 --> 02:09:10,280 PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE THAT IS 3005 02:09:10,280 --> 02:09:12,640 LIFELONG AND TRAJECTORIES OF 3006 02:09:12,640 --> 02:09:14,480 AGING ARE RELEVANT FROM YOUNG TO 3007 02:09:14,480 --> 02:09:17,800 OLD AGE AND THINK THAT WHAT YOU 3008 02:09:17,800 --> 02:09:20,320 ARE SAYING HAS OR IS STARTING 3009 02:09:20,320 --> 02:09:23,600 AND TEXTBOOKS HAVE GERIATRICS 3010 02:09:23,600 --> 02:09:26,560 WITHIN CARDIOLOGY IS ONE CHAPTER 3011 02:09:26,560 --> 02:09:30,320 AND COMING FROM JOURNALS AND NIA 3012 02:09:30,320 --> 02:09:32,800 IS EFFORT TO TRY TO START IT AS 3013 02:09:32,800 --> 02:09:35,240 PART OF EVERY OTHER ASPECT OF 3014 02:09:35,240 --> 02:09:39,640 CARD YOL AND DISEASE AS 3015 02:09:39,640 --> 02:09:40,800 INTEGRATIVE CONCORRECT. THANK 3016 02:09:40,800 --> 02:09:41,000 YOU. 3017 02:09:41,000 --> 02:09:43,880 >>I WILL ISSUE GOING YONG 3018 02:09:43,880 --> 02:09:46,080 MEDICINE IN TERMS OF PHYSICIANS 3019 02:09:46,080 --> 02:09:47,840 SPECIFICALLY AND INCLUDING 3020 02:09:47,840 --> 02:09:49,360 NURSES AND INCLUDING DENTISTS 3021 02:09:49,360 --> 02:09:52,080 AND EVERYONE WHO TAKES CARE OF 3022 02:09:52,080 --> 02:09:53,840 THE WHOLE PERSON. 3023 02:09:53,840 --> 02:09:56,440 MANY TIMES PHYSICIANS ARE NOT 3024 02:09:56,440 --> 02:09:57,720 NECESSARILY ALWAYS THE MOST 3025 02:09:57,720 --> 02:09:59,040 TRUSTED PERSON IN THE CARE TEAM 3026 02:09:59,040 --> 02:10:04,600 AND MIGHT BE SOCIAL WORKER AND 3027 02:10:04,600 --> 02:10:05,440 NURSE. 3028 02:10:05,440 --> 02:10:07,120 >>I THINK IN ANOTHER WAY WE ARE 3029 02:10:07,120 --> 02:10:09,040 TRYING TO DO WHAT YOU ARE SAYING 3030 02:10:09,040 --> 02:10:11,640 THAT IS BY TALKING ABOUT THESE 3031 02:10:11,640 --> 02:10:15,960 HALLMARKS OF AGING AS SEEN IN 3032 02:10:15,960 --> 02:10:19,880 SURVIVORS OF HIV OR SURVIVORS OF 3033 02:10:19,880 --> 02:10:22,080 CHILDREN WITH RADIO THERAPY, ET 3034 02:10:22,080 --> 02:10:26,000 CETERA, AS CHILDREN. WE ARE 3035 02:10:26,000 --> 02:10:30,680 REALLY TRYING TO SHOW HOW 3036 02:10:30,680 --> 02:10:32,800 GEROSCIENCE WILL PLAY A ROLE IN 3037 02:10:32,800 --> 02:10:35,880 POPULATIONS THAT ARE NOT JUST 3038 02:10:35,880 --> 02:10:46,280 GERIATRIC POPULATIONS. 3039 02:11:26,040 --> 02:11:27,960 >>SO, I THINK AN IMPORTANT 3040 02:11:27,960 --> 02:11:30,920 POINT WAS RAISED IN THE FIELD IN 3041 02:11:30,920 --> 02:11:33,320 GENERAL, LONGEVITY FIELD. 3042 02:11:33,320 --> 02:11:34,960 CERTAINLY, THERE IS MANY 3043 02:11:34,960 --> 02:11:36,720 DIFFERENT SPECIALTIES THAT COULD 3044 02:11:36,720 --> 02:11:39,760 TRY TO PROPPO GATE GR SCIENCE 3045 02:11:39,760 --> 02:11:43,040 TEACHING BUT CERTAINLY HAS BEEN 3046 02:11:43,040 --> 02:11:45,200 TAKEN UP AND PRETTY MUCH 3047 02:11:45,200 --> 02:11:46,000 HIJACKED BY A WHOLE DIFFERENT 3048 02:11:46,000 --> 02:11:48,720 GROUP THAT IS THE ONLINE 3049 02:11:48,720 --> 02:11:50,680 INFLUENCERS AND FITNESS GURUS 3050 02:11:50,680 --> 02:11:53,040 AND SOME SCIENTISTS WHO PROBABLY 3051 02:11:53,040 --> 02:11:55,600 MAY NOT HAVE A LOT OF CLINICAL 3052 02:11:55,600 --> 02:11:56,920 TRANSLATION AND ARE LOTS OF 3053 02:11:56,920 --> 02:11:59,280 PEOPLE OUT THERE THAT PROPAGATE 3054 02:11:59,280 --> 02:12:02,000 THESE QUOTE ON QUOTE LONGEVITY 3055 02:12:02,000 --> 02:12:03,520 HACKS THAT ADD ON SOME OTHER 3056 02:12:03,520 --> 02:12:08,400 SPECIAL QUALITIES TO IT LIKE 3057 02:12:08,400 --> 02:12:09,960 DETOXIFICATION AND IMMUNE 3058 02:12:09,960 --> 02:12:12,040 BOOSTING AND ALL THAT. I THINK 3059 02:12:12,040 --> 02:12:15,320 AT LEAST FOR ME I'M PERSONALLY 3060 02:12:15,320 --> 02:12:18,200 CONCERNED IT HAS GONE ON TO 3061 02:12:18,200 --> 02:12:20,280 BECOME THIS SORT OF QUACKERY 3062 02:12:20,280 --> 02:12:21,240 SCIENCE ONLINE. LOTS OF PEOPLE 3063 02:12:21,240 --> 02:12:24,680 ARE BUYING INTO THIS. PEOPLE 3064 02:12:24,680 --> 02:12:30,360 ARE TAKING A -- 3065 02:12:30,360 --> 02:12:34,000 >>[INDISCERNIBLE]. 3066 02:12:34,000 --> 02:12:38,000 >>HOLD ON. 3067 02:12:38,000 --> 02:12:41,200 >>>>OKAY. 3068 02:12:41,200 --> 02:12:43,560 >>YEAH. THERE IS A LOT OF 3069 02:12:43,560 --> 02:12:45,480 PEOPLE ONLINE TAKING ADVANTAGE 3070 02:12:45,480 --> 02:12:47,920 OF THIS AND GULLIBLE MINDS OF 3071 02:12:47,920 --> 02:12:50,000 LOTS OF PEOPLE ONLINE THEY ARE 3072 02:12:50,000 --> 02:12:52,040 SELLING PORTIONS THAT CONTAIN A 3073 02:12:52,040 --> 02:12:55,040 LOT OF SUPPOSED LONGEVITY 3074 02:12:55,040 --> 02:12:56,880 COMPOUNDS AND THEY ARE MAKING 3075 02:12:56,880 --> 02:13:00,440 MILLIONS OUT OF IT. I 3076 02:13:00,440 --> 02:13:02,640 PERSONALLY AM CONCERNED ABOUT 3077 02:13:02,640 --> 02:13:04,120 ETHICS OF THESE PRACTICES AND 3078 02:13:04,120 --> 02:13:05,880 WANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE PANEL AND 3079 02:13:05,880 --> 02:13:08,120 HOW AWARE THE SCIENTIFIC 3080 02:13:08,120 --> 02:13:09,200 COMMUNITIES ABOUT THESE 3081 02:13:09,200 --> 02:13:11,920 PRACTICES AND WHAT COULD BE 3082 02:13:11,920 --> 02:13:14,200 POTENTIAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE 3083 02:13:14,200 --> 02:13:17,560 TH 3084 02:13:17,560 --> 02:13:17,760 THIS. 3085 02:13:17,760 --> 02:13:22,600 >>I WILL ATTEMPT A FIRST ANSWER 3086 02:13:22,600 --> 02:13:23,080 TO THAT. 3087 02:13:23,080 --> 02:13:25,200 PART OF OUR JOB IS ALSO 3088 02:13:25,200 --> 02:13:28,000 DEBUNKING A LOT OF WHAT YOU ARE 3089 02:13:28,000 --> 02:13:28,400 SAYING. 3090 02:13:28,400 --> 02:13:31,840 AND I THINK THAT THIS IS NOT A 3091 02:13:31,840 --> 02:13:34,360 NEW PROBLEM WITH AGING RESEARCH 3092 02:13:34,360 --> 02:13:36,640 EITHER. 3093 02:13:36,640 --> 02:13:40,320 SO, I THINK THAT BECAUSE 3094 02:13:40,320 --> 02:13:41,880 GEROSCIENCE REALLY HOLDS -- 3095 02:13:41,880 --> 02:13:44,920 HOLDS, I THINK, SOME, YOU KNOW, 3096 02:13:44,920 --> 02:13:45,920 PROMISE TO DO SOME VERY 3097 02:13:45,920 --> 02:13:46,800 IMPORTANT THINGS. 3098 02:13:46,800 --> 02:13:52,400 I THINK THAT WE NEED TO MOVE 3099 02:13:52,400 --> 02:13:54,760 FORWARD VERY CAREFULLY WITH 3100 02:13:54,760 --> 02:13:56,040 INSIGHT INTO WHAT OTHER PEOPLE 3101 02:13:56,040 --> 02:13:58,480 ARE DOING OUTSIDE OF THE FIELD. 3102 02:13:58,480 --> 02:14:01,440 AND TO, AGAIN, IT IS AN 3103 02:14:01,440 --> 02:14:03,800 EDUCATION AND DISSEMINATION TASK 3104 02:14:03,800 --> 02:14:06,480 TO NOT ONLY TELL PEOPLE WHAT THE 3105 02:14:06,480 --> 02:14:10,400 EVIDENCE IS AND IS NOT. 3106 02:14:10,400 --> 02:14:16,240 ALSO, TO BE -- TO DEBUNK AND TO 3107 02:14:16,240 --> 02:14:17,600 CAUTION PEOPLE ABOUT THINGS THAT 3108 02:14:17,600 --> 02:14:21,040 ARE SORT OF OUTSIDE OF THE 3109 02:14:21,040 --> 02:14:25,080 EVIDENCE BASE. 3110 02:14:25,080 --> 02:14:28,400 >>AND JUST TO ADD TO THAT, CAN 3111 02:14:28,400 --> 02:14:31,360 YOU HEAR ME OKAY? ADDING A 3112 02:14:31,360 --> 02:14:33,160 NUMBER OF LONGEVITY CLINICS 3113 02:14:33,160 --> 02:14:35,120 OPENED IN THE WORLD IN RECENT 3114 02:14:35,120 --> 02:14:37,640 MONTHS AND YEARS AND YOU MIGHT 3115 02:14:37,640 --> 02:14:38,440 HAVE HEARD ABOUT THAT AND THINK 3116 02:14:38,440 --> 02:14:40,720 THERE IS A PLACE FOR THAT AND 3117 02:14:40,720 --> 02:14:42,640 OFFERING MY PERSONAL OPINION AND 3118 02:14:42,640 --> 02:14:45,480 SPEAKING ON OWN BEHALF AND MANY 3119 02:14:45,480 --> 02:14:46,480 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES AND NOT 3120 02:14:46,480 --> 02:14:48,360 SPEAKING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF 3121 02:14:48,360 --> 02:14:52,400 THEM AND MY PERSONAL VIEW IS 3122 02:14:52,400 --> 02:14:55,120 THAT PRACTICE OF GERIATRICS 3123 02:14:55,120 --> 02:14:57,160 WITHOUT PREVENTION IS 3124 02:14:57,160 --> 02:14:58,080 INCOMPLETE. 3125 02:14:58,080 --> 02:15:01,760 AND -- AND MISGUIDED. 3126 02:15:01,760 --> 02:15:04,960 AND PREVENTION, FOCUSING ON 3127 02:15:04,960 --> 02:15:08,040 LONGEVITY IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS 3128 02:15:08,040 --> 02:15:08,680 WITHOUT EXPERTISE AND IN 3129 02:15:08,680 --> 02:15:10,960 INTEREST OF TAKING CARE OF 3130 02:15:10,960 --> 02:15:12,280 INDIVIDUALS THAT SUFFER FROM 3131 02:15:12,280 --> 02:15:14,000 DISEASES THAT OCCUR AND 3132 02:15:14,000 --> 02:15:14,840 MORBIDITIES THAT OCCUR WITH 3133 02:15:14,840 --> 02:15:17,560 AGING IS ALSO A MISGUIDED AND 3134 02:15:17,560 --> 02:15:19,200 INCOMPLETE AND WE NEED TO BRING 3135 02:15:19,200 --> 02:15:21,080 THE TWO TOGETHER, I THINK. I 3136 02:15:21,080 --> 02:15:23,720 WILL USE ANALOGY IF YOU WANT TO 3137 02:15:23,720 --> 02:15:26,000 SEE A CANCER OR CARDIAC 3138 02:15:26,000 --> 02:15:28,160 SPECIALIST THAT FOCUSES ON 3139 02:15:28,160 --> 02:15:29,360 PREVENTION AND NEVER SEEN A CASE 3140 02:15:29,360 --> 02:15:31,680 THEY ARE TRYING TO PREVENT OR 3141 02:15:31,680 --> 02:15:34,000 SOMEONE WHO ONLY FOCUSES OR 3142 02:15:34,000 --> 02:15:36,440 DEALS WITH COMPLICATIONS BUT 3143 02:15:36,440 --> 02:15:40,120 NEVER HAS THOUGHT ABOUT 3144 02:15:40,120 --> 02:15:41,320 PREVENTION AND THINK THAT TWO 3145 02:15:41,320 --> 02:15:43,360 PERSPECTIVES NEED TO BE BROUGHT 3146 02:15:43,360 --> 02:15:45,120 TOGETHER AND IS MY POINT OF 3147 02:15:45,120 --> 02:15:45,440 VIEW. 3148 02:15:45,440 --> 02:15:47,200 >>I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE AN 3149 02:15:47,200 --> 02:15:48,760 ADDITIONAL POINT AND ONE THING I 3150 02:15:48,760 --> 02:15:51,880 HAVE REALLY BEEN LEARNING I 3151 02:15:51,880 --> 02:15:53,520 THINK FROM GEORGE AND JIM AND 3152 02:15:53,520 --> 02:15:55,320 OTHERS ABOUT VALUE OF NETWORKS 3153 02:15:55,320 --> 02:15:58,840 OF RESEARCH THERE IS A -- YOU 3154 02:15:58,840 --> 02:16:02,320 KNOW STANDARDS WHAT IS A 3155 02:16:02,320 --> 02:16:03,960 MEANINGFUL CHANGE AND TARGET OF 3156 02:16:03,960 --> 02:16:05,760 AGING AND SENSE OF PROCESS THAT 3157 02:16:05,760 --> 02:16:08,280 IS RIGOROUS THAT MAKES OUTCOMES 3158 02:16:08,280 --> 02:16:10,000 MEANINGFUL AND WHEN YOU SEE 3159 02:16:10,000 --> 02:16:11,960 SOMETHING ONLINE THAT THERE IS 3160 02:16:11,960 --> 02:16:15,920 SOME METRIC WITH NO CONTEXT, IT 3161 02:16:15,920 --> 02:16:18,760 COULD BE VERY CONFUSING AND 3162 02:16:18,760 --> 02:16:21,240 CURIOUS TO HEAR FROM JORNL AND 3163 02:16:21,240 --> 02:16:22,720 OTHERS THAT ARE LEADING THESE 3164 02:16:22,720 --> 02:16:24,760 EFFORTS AND NOTION OF HAVING A 3165 02:16:24,760 --> 02:16:28,280 STANDARD AND DATA INTEGRATED 3166 02:16:28,280 --> 02:16:30,720 WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 3167 02:16:30,720 --> 02:16:33,600 BIG DATA THAT PROVIDE REALLY 3168 02:16:33,600 --> 02:16:35,720 MEANINGFUL OUTCOMES FOR ME AS A 3169 02:16:35,720 --> 02:16:37,600 RESEARCHER AND PATIENT AS A 3170 02:16:37,600 --> 02:16:39,560 CONSUMER THAT I THINK IS PART OF 3171 02:16:39,560 --> 02:16:40,960 NOTIONS OF QUALITY ENDPOINTS 3172 02:16:40,960 --> 02:16:49,840 THAT WILL BE MORE MEANINGFUL. 3173 02:16:49,840 --> 02:16:52,840 >>CAN YOU HEAR ME? 3174 02:16:52,840 --> 02:16:54,600 >>ONLINE WORLD AND BLOGS AND 3175 02:16:54,600 --> 02:16:58,600 STUFF CAN BE SCARY AND HELP SEND 3176 02:16:58,600 --> 02:17:01,080 OUT WRONG INFORMATION AND BE 3177 02:17:01,080 --> 02:17:04,160 ALSO USEFUL. I THINK AS 3178 02:17:04,160 --> 02:17:05,520 SCIENTISTS OUR ROLE WILL BE TO 3179 02:17:05,520 --> 02:17:09,920 MAKE SURE THAT WE ALSO GET THE 3180 02:17:09,920 --> 02:17:11,960 RIGHT KIND OF INFORMATION OUT 3181 02:17:11,960 --> 02:17:16,320 THERE SO PEOPLE CAN FIND BOTH 3182 02:17:16,320 --> 02:17:19,520 NOT JUST TALK BEING SCIENCE AND 3183 02:17:19,520 --> 02:17:21,160 MEETINGS, ET CETERA. SEVERAL 3184 02:17:21,160 --> 02:17:23,600 SCIENTISTS ARE MAKING EFFORTS TO 3185 02:17:23,600 --> 02:17:26,000 MAKE TIKTOK VIDEOS, ET CETERA 3186 02:17:26,000 --> 02:17:28,840 AND YOUTUBE VIDEOS TO HELP SEND 3187 02:17:28,840 --> 02:17:30,240 CORRECT INFORMATION SO PEOPLE 3188 02:17:30,240 --> 02:17:32,200 ARE HOPEFULLY ABLE TO FIND THE 3189 02:17:32,200 --> 02:17:33,640 RIGHT INFORMATION AS WELL JUST 3190 02:17:33,640 --> 02:17:38,000 AS THEY ARE FINDING THE WRONG 3191 02:17:38,000 --> 02:17:38,920 INFORMATION THERE WILL ALWAYS BE 3192 02:17:38,920 --> 02:17:42,240 SOMEONE TRYING TO SELL A SNAKE 3193 02:17:42,240 --> 02:17:45,360 OIL OUT THERE AND HOW IT HAS 3194 02:17:45,360 --> 02:17:46,000 BEEN FOREVER SO. 3195 02:17:46,000 --> 02:17:47,920 >>YEAH. CAT IS OUT OF THE BAG 3196 02:17:47,920 --> 02:17:50,600 WITH INTERNET AND PEOPLE HAVE 3197 02:17:50,600 --> 02:17:53,920 ACCESS TO TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF 3198 02:17:53,920 --> 02:17:56,160 INFORMATION AND ADDING AND 3199 02:17:56,160 --> 02:17:57,600 ACCURATELY APPLYING AND 3200 02:17:57,600 --> 02:17:58,200 INTERPRETING INFORMATION IS 3201 02:17:58,200 --> 02:17:59,840 ANOTHER QUESTION AND WE HAVE TO 3202 02:17:59,840 --> 02:18:00,800 COMPETE WITH SOURCES OF 3203 02:18:00,800 --> 02:18:01,920 INFORMATION AND MEANS BEING OUT 3204 02:18:01,920 --> 02:18:04,720 THERE AND PROACTIVE AND GIVING 3205 02:18:04,720 --> 02:18:06,000 PEOPLE AN ALTERNATIVE. IF THERE 3206 02:18:06,000 --> 02:18:08,880 IS A PRIVATE FOR PROFIT 3207 02:18:08,880 --> 02:18:11,120 LONGEVITY CLINIC AND HEALTHY 3208 02:18:11,120 --> 02:18:13,680 AGING CLINIC AT ACADEMIC MEDICAL 3209 02:18:13,680 --> 02:18:14,720 INSTITUTION WITH REPUTATION, 3210 02:18:14,720 --> 02:18:16,360 PEOPLE WILL GO TO THE NAME THEY 3211 02:18:16,360 --> 02:18:16,600 TRUST. 3212 02:18:16,600 --> 02:18:18,440 I THINK THAT ALTERNATIVE HAS TO 3213 02:18:18,440 --> 02:18:20,440 BE OWE TLUT. I THINK WE WILL 3214 02:18:20,440 --> 02:18:23,400 SEE MORE OF THIS AS, YOU KNOW, 3215 02:18:23,400 --> 02:18:25,400 GENETICS AND MILLENNIALS AGE. 3216 02:18:25,400 --> 02:18:27,680 THEY I THINK WILL HAVE GREATER 3217 02:18:27,680 --> 02:18:29,320 EXPECTATIONS OF HEALTHCARE AND 3218 02:18:29,320 --> 02:18:30,840 ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND LESS 3219 02:18:30,840 --> 02:18:33,840 OF A PATERNALISTIC RELATIONSHIP 3220 02:18:33,840 --> 02:18:35,120 WITH PROVIDER AND PROVIDER WHO'S 3221 02:18:35,120 --> 02:18:40,760 ARE MOREL TO WORK WITH THEM AND, 3222 02:18:40,760 --> 02:18:44,480 YOU KNOW, KIND OF LISTEN TO 3223 02:18:44,480 --> 02:18:46,360 THEIR IDEAS AND THINK WE HAVE TO 3224 02:18:46,360 --> 02:18:48,480 COMPETE AND NO WAY TO SHUT IT 3225 02:18:48,480 --> 02:18:49,760 DOWN OR STOP IT. 3226 02:18:49,760 --> 02:18:51,160 >>I WOULD LOVE TO CONTINUE IF 3227 02:18:51,160 --> 02:18:53,360 IN THIS CONVERSATION AND 3228 02:18:53,360 --> 02:18:54,960 TRAINING IN JER YA THE TRICK 3229 02:18:54,960 --> 02:18:58,000 MEDICINE AND AARP AND FOLLOW UP 3230 02:18:58,000 --> 02:19:00,440 WITH INVESTIGATORS IN THE ROOM 3231 02:19:00,440 --> 02:19:04,080 TACKLING ISSUES AND ELEVATING 3232 02:19:04,080 --> 02:19:09,080 WITH PROMISE OF OVERSELLING AND 3233 02:19:09,080 --> 02:19:11,200 PRESHURES OF UNDERMINING GOALS 3234 02:19:11,200 --> 02:19:14,000 OF GEROSCIENCE. 3235 02:19:14,000 --> 02:19:21,960 >>I WANT TO COMMENT REGARDING 3236 02:19:21,960 --> 02:19:22,600 SOMETHING GEORGE MENTIONED ABOUT 3237 02:19:22,600 --> 02:19:24,480 -- BECOMES RECOGNIZED AS A TERM 3238 02:19:24,480 --> 02:19:26,240 IN THE DICTIONARY AND WE HAVE 3239 02:19:26,240 --> 02:19:29,720 RESOURCES AND SHOULD START TO 3240 02:19:29,720 --> 02:19:32,440 INTRODUCE THE TERM EVERYWHERE BY 3241 02:19:32,440 --> 02:19:34,800 MENTIONING TERMINOLOGY AND 3242 02:19:34,800 --> 02:19:38,000 SPECIFICALLY GEROSCIENCE IN 3243 02:19:38,000 --> 02:19:39,840 PUBLICATIONS IN ORDER TO PUT 3244 02:19:39,840 --> 02:19:41,600 REPORTABLE IN SCIENTIFIC 3245 02:19:41,600 --> 02:19:43,920 JOURNALS AND MORE USING THE WORD 3246 02:19:43,920 --> 02:19:47,160 THAT MORE WORD IS CAPTURED BY 3247 02:19:47,160 --> 02:19:48,280 SCIENTIFIC AND CLINICAL 3248 02:19:48,280 --> 02:19:50,480 COMMUNITY. THIS IS SOMETHING 3249 02:19:50,480 --> 02:19:52,480 THAT IS MISSED SOMETIMES IN 3250 02:19:52,480 --> 02:19:53,800 PUBLICATIONS IS TERM GEROSCIENCE 3251 02:19:53,800 --> 02:19:56,200 IS NOT USED AS A KEY WORD. THIS 3252 02:19:56,200 --> 02:19:58,560 IS AN INVITATIONAL. 3253 02:19:58,560 --> 02:20:00,600 BECAUSE IN THE CASE, FOR 3254 02:20:00,600 --> 02:20:04,480 INSTANCE, IN THE JOURNAL OF 3255 02:20:04,480 --> 02:20:06,680 GERONTOLOGY, WE JUST TOGETHER WE 3256 02:20:06,680 --> 02:20:09,920 AS EDITORS OF BIOLOGICAL AND 3257 02:20:09,920 --> 02:20:14,000 MEDICAL SCIENCES, WE CONVERTED 3258 02:20:14,000 --> 02:20:16,160 OUT TRANS ISSUE AND 3259 02:20:16,160 --> 02:20:17,720 TRANSLATIONAL SECTION NOW WOULD 3260 02:20:17,720 --> 02:20:19,280 BE PERMANENT TRANSLATIONAL 3261 02:20:19,280 --> 02:20:21,040 SECTION IN JOURNAL AND THESE ARE 3262 02:20:21,040 --> 02:20:22,880 RESOURCES WE AS SCIENTIFIC 3263 02:20:22,880 --> 02:20:26,080 COMMUNITY COULD USE TO INTRODUCE 3264 02:20:26,080 --> 02:20:26,880 TERMINOLOGY AMONGST OUR 3265 02:20:26,880 --> 02:20:27,280 COLLEAGUES. 3266 02:20:27,280 --> 02:20:29,840 >>I TOTALLY AGREE. I WAS 3267 02:20:29,840 --> 02:20:30,880 REFERRING MORE TO THE DIFFICULTY 3268 02:20:30,880 --> 02:20:33,760 IN TALKING TO THE PUBLIC AND 3269 02:20:33,760 --> 02:20:38,560 WHEN EACH OF US TALKS TO MEDIA, 3270 02:20:38,560 --> 02:20:40,640 WE DON'T HAVE TO EXPLAIN TERM 3271 02:20:40,640 --> 02:20:42,280 CANCER OR HEART DISEASE BUT HAVE 3272 02:20:42,280 --> 02:20:45,080 TO ALWAYS BEGIN BY EXPLAINING 3273 02:20:45,080 --> 02:20:46,240 WITH GEROSCIENCES AND WONDERING 3274 02:20:46,240 --> 02:20:48,840 IF COLLEAGUES FROM AARP, FOR 3275 02:20:48,840 --> 02:20:50,480 EXAMPLE, HAVE THOUGHTS ON THAT. 3276 02:20:50,480 --> 02:20:52,680 WE ARE NOT EXPERTS ON MESSAGING 3277 02:20:52,680 --> 02:20:55,440 AND PERHAPS YOU MIGHT HAVE SOME 3278 02:20:55,440 --> 02:20:55,680 THOUGHTS. 3279 02:20:55,680 --> 02:20:59,120 >>YOU KNOW, I THINK IT IS A 3280 02:20:59,120 --> 02:21:01,480 GREAT QUESTION ABOUT HOW TO 3281 02:21:01,480 --> 02:21:03,960 ELEVATE PROMISE WITHOUT 3282 02:21:03,960 --> 02:21:06,560 OVERSELLING THIS THAT IT WILL BE 3283 02:21:06,560 --> 02:21:08,480 CRITICAL AND ACTUALLY I THINK 3284 02:21:08,480 --> 02:21:10,480 HAVING THIS CONVERSATION WITH 3285 02:21:10,480 --> 02:21:13,480 DR. KIRKLAND EARLIER THIS WEEK. 3286 02:21:13,480 --> 02:21:16,160 BECAUSE IF WE OVERSELL IT, WE 3287 02:21:16,160 --> 02:21:18,720 HAVE POTENTIAL TO UNDERMEAN WHAT 3288 02:21:18,720 --> 02:21:25,400 WE DO FINALLY HAVE I THINK AS 3289 02:21:25,400 --> 02:21:29,960 DR. WHITMAN SAID WHEN WE HAVE 3290 02:21:29,960 --> 02:21:32,240 GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTION AND IS 3291 02:21:32,240 --> 02:21:34,000 CONVERSATION TO CONTINUE WITH 3292 02:21:34,000 --> 02:21:35,960 INVESTIGATORS AND THOUGHT 3293 02:21:35,960 --> 02:21:40,160 LEADERS IN THIS MEETING. 3294 02:21:40,160 --> 02:21:43,000 >>HI. STEVE, WAKE FOREST. ON 3295 02:21:43,000 --> 02:21:45,600 THE VERY LAST TOPIC I WILL SAY 3296 02:21:45,600 --> 02:21:47,600 WHEN I FIRST START TODAY 3297 02:21:47,600 --> 02:21:50,400 SOCIALIZE THE TERM GEROSCIENCE 3298 02:21:50,400 --> 02:21:52,080 ASSOCIATE DEAN OF RESEARCH GREG 3299 02:21:52,080 --> 02:21:56,560 WHO IS SOPHISTICATED 3300 02:21:56,560 --> 02:21:57,440 CARDIOVASCULAR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS I 3301 02:21:57,440 --> 02:21:59,080 LOVE THE CONCEPT YOU HAVE TO 3302 02:21:59,080 --> 02:22:01,520 TELL US WHAT IT IS NO ONE KNOWS 3303 02:22:01,520 --> 02:22:05,360 WHAT IT IS THAT IS ABOUT FOUR 3304 02:22:05,360 --> 02:22:07,320 YEARS AGO AND POINT THAT I HAVE 3305 02:22:07,320 --> 02:22:08,440 AN OBSERVATION THAT I WOULD LIKE 3306 02:22:08,440 --> 02:22:10,520 TO SHARE AND SEE IF THIS 3307 02:22:10,520 --> 02:22:14,480 RESONATES WITH ANY OF THE PANEL. 3308 02:22:14,480 --> 02:22:17,640 WHEN PEOPLE -- WHEN I GOT TO 3309 02:22:17,640 --> 02:22:20,320 WAKE, PEOPLE APPROACH AENLING 3310 02:22:20,320 --> 02:22:22,400 CORRECTOR FROM SUBSPECIALTIES. 3311 02:22:22,400 --> 02:22:24,080 THINGS THEY DID FOR THAT 3312 02:22:24,080 --> 02:22:26,520 PERSON'S ORGAN WAS NOT MAKING 3313 02:22:26,520 --> 02:22:30,280 PERSON AS MUCH BETTER AS THEY 3314 02:22:30,280 --> 02:22:30,840 HOPED IT WOULD. 3315 02:22:30,840 --> 02:22:33,720 THEY TENDED TO BE OLDER PATIENTS 3316 02:22:33,720 --> 02:22:37,120 THAT I THINK THAT THERE HAS BEEN 3317 02:22:37,120 --> 02:22:41,000 A 100 YEAR INVESTMENT IN HEALTH 3318 02:22:41,000 --> 02:22:43,880 AND AS SEEN THROUGH THE LENS OF 3319 02:22:43,880 --> 02:22:46,000 OR BEGAN SPECIFIC UNDERSTANDING 3320 02:22:46,000 --> 02:22:49,160 AND JUST TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF 3321 02:22:49,160 --> 02:22:50,440 HEALTH GAINS THROUGH BETTER 3322 02:22:50,440 --> 02:22:51,920 UNDERSTANDING EXACTLY HOW THE 3323 02:22:51,920 --> 02:22:56,600 HEART AND KIDNEY WORKS AND MY 3324 02:22:56,600 --> 02:22:58,360 OBSERVATION IS HEALTH RETURNS ON 3325 02:22:58,360 --> 02:23:00,240 THAT VIEW ARE ASYMPTOTING AND WE 3326 02:23:00,240 --> 02:23:03,000 ARE NOT GETTING AS MUCH BANG FOR 3327 02:23:03,000 --> 02:23:07,440 THE BUCK IN THAT VERY SILOED 3328 02:23:07,440 --> 02:23:10,000 VIEW. I THINK MAYBE IF THAT 3329 02:23:10,000 --> 02:23:11,960 OTHER PEOPLE IF MAKING IT 3330 02:23:11,960 --> 02:23:14,000 EXPLICIT MIGHT DRAW OTHER PEOPLE 3331 02:23:14,000 --> 02:23:15,920 TO GEROSCIENCE THAT REALLY 3332 02:23:15,920 --> 02:23:17,960 PRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE 3333 02:23:17,960 --> 02:23:19,680 ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM THAT MIGHT 3334 02:23:19,680 --> 02:23:21,960 BE MORE PRODUCTIVE AS SORT OF 3335 02:23:21,960 --> 02:23:24,800 THE VEINS OF THIS ORGAN-CENTRIC 3336 02:23:24,800 --> 02:23:28,160 WAY OF LOOKING AT HEALTH GET 3337 02:23:28,160 --> 02:23:28,840 PLAYED OUT. 3338 02:23:28,840 --> 02:23:29,480 SO -- 3339 02:23:29,480 --> 02:23:31,680 >>I WILL COMMENT ON THAT. I 3340 02:23:31,680 --> 02:23:32,800 ABSOLUTELY THINK THAT, YOU KNOW 3341 02:23:32,800 --> 02:23:36,480 W HE ARE ALL SOMEWHAT STIEMIED 3342 02:23:36,480 --> 02:23:38,520 BY THE VERY SINGLE ORGAN OR 3343 02:23:38,520 --> 02:23:39,920 SINGLE DISEASE PARADIGM THAT HAS 3344 02:23:39,920 --> 02:23:42,760 BEEN OUT THERE FOR A LONG TIME 3345 02:23:42,760 --> 02:23:43,840 IN WESTERN MEDICINE AND THINK 3346 02:23:43,840 --> 02:23:46,160 WHEN I WAS THINKING OF YOUR 3347 02:23:46,160 --> 02:23:49,960 QUESTION, IT RAISES TO ME TOO 3348 02:23:49,960 --> 02:23:51,520 WHERE GEROSCIENCE AS A FIELD 3349 02:23:51,520 --> 02:23:54,000 APPLIED TO HUMANS WILL HAVE MOST 3350 02:23:54,000 --> 02:23:56,160 BANG FOR YOUR BUCK. I THINK 3351 02:23:56,160 --> 02:23:57,160 MAYBE SOME TENSION I'M HEARING 3352 02:23:57,160 --> 02:23:58,960 TOO IN THE CONVERSATION IS SO 3353 02:23:58,960 --> 02:24:02,520 MANY INTERVENTIONS, I THINK, MY 3354 02:24:02,520 --> 02:24:05,040 STUDY POPULATIONS ARE GETTING 3355 02:24:05,040 --> 02:24:05,960 YOUNGER AND YOUNGER AND 3356 02:24:05,960 --> 02:24:08,400 ENROLLING PEOPLE AS YOUNG AS 25 3357 02:24:08,400 --> 02:24:08,680 NOW. 3358 02:24:08,680 --> 02:24:11,000 I THINK THAT WHERE MUCH OF THE 3359 02:24:11,000 --> 02:24:13,720 WHAT IS DETERMINING OUR SORT OF 3360 02:24:13,720 --> 02:24:15,480 OUTCOMES IN LATE LIFE IS 3361 02:24:15,480 --> 02:24:17,160 HAPPENING IN MUCH EARLIER 3362 02:24:17,160 --> 02:24:18,040 DECADES. 3363 02:24:18,040 --> 02:24:22,560 SO, TO -- ON ONE HAND, 3364 02:24:22,560 --> 02:24:24,160 GEROSCIENTISTS WILL LIKELY BE 3365 02:24:24,160 --> 02:24:25,960 INTERVENING ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 3366 02:24:25,960 --> 02:24:27,560 AND AGING ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 3367 02:24:27,560 --> 02:24:29,520 AND ALSO THERE IS A QUESTION 3368 02:24:29,520 --> 02:24:30,640 THAT PEOPLE COME TO US WHEN -- I 3369 02:24:30,640 --> 02:24:32,320 THINK THAT YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY 3370 02:24:32,320 --> 02:24:35,360 RIGHT THERE IS ASYMPTOTIC RETURN 3371 02:24:35,360 --> 02:24:39,240 ON SINGLE DISEASE FOCUSED 3372 02:24:39,240 --> 02:24:40,720 MEDICINE AND PEOPLE COME FOR 3373 02:24:40,720 --> 02:24:42,720 THAT AGING EXPERTISE THAT IS AT 3374 02:24:42,720 --> 02:24:46,840 THE TAIL END OF LIFE WHEN -- 3375 02:24:46,840 --> 02:24:48,080 WHEN SINGLE DISEASE FOCUS 3376 02:24:48,080 --> 02:24:50,240 APPROACH IS FALLING APART AND 3377 02:24:50,240 --> 02:24:52,680 THERE IS NOT ENOUGH OF US TO 3378 02:24:52,680 --> 02:24:55,520 SORT OF DIRECT CARE TOWARDS END 3379 02:24:55,520 --> 02:24:57,160 OF LIFE AND THINK THIS MAYBE 3380 02:24:57,160 --> 02:24:59,360 SPEAKS TO SOME OTHER COMMENTS 3381 02:24:59,360 --> 02:25:03,800 ABOUT THE NEED TO SORT OF 3382 02:25:03,800 --> 02:25:05,200 GEROSCIENCIZE THE WORLD. 3383 02:25:05,200 --> 02:25:07,600 I THINK IT IS SOMETHING THAT 3384 02:25:07,600 --> 02:25:09,120 APPLIES -- IT MIGHT BE DIFFERENT 3385 02:25:09,120 --> 02:25:10,800 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS THAT WE 3386 02:25:10,800 --> 02:25:13,720 ARE GIVING WHEN APPLYING IT IN 3387 02:25:13,720 --> 02:25:16,440 EARLY LIFE VERSUS WHEN APPLYING 3388 02:25:16,440 --> 02:25:19,080 IN THAT VERY LATE STAGE OF LIFE 3389 02:25:19,080 --> 02:25:20,760 WHEN COMPLEX DYNAMICAL SYSTEM IS 3390 02:25:20,760 --> 02:25:25,520 ALREADY SHOWING SIGNS OF 3391 02:25:25,520 --> 02:25:27,640 FAILURE. 3392 02:25:27,640 --> 02:25:30,480 YOU KNOW, I THINK WITH 3393 02:25:30,480 --> 02:25:34,000 GEROSCIENCE WE ARE ESSENTIALLY 3394 02:25:34,000 --> 02:25:35,760 REVISING MEDICINE AND SHIFTING 3395 02:25:35,760 --> 02:25:37,960 AWAY FROM WHAT DEVELOPED JUST BY 3396 02:25:37,960 --> 02:25:39,440 VIRTUE OF HISTORY AND WHAT WAS 3397 02:25:39,440 --> 02:25:42,760 EASY FOR PEOPLE TO STUDY TO ONE 3398 02:25:42,760 --> 02:25:45,440 FOCUSED ON FUNDAMENTAL MOLECULAR 3399 02:25:45,440 --> 02:25:47,840 MECHANISMS AND SYNERGIES TO 3400 02:25:47,840 --> 02:25:50,040 MEDICINE TA DO DEEP MOLECULAR 3401 02:25:50,040 --> 02:25:53,120 PHENOTYPING LIKE IN CANCER AND 3402 02:25:53,120 --> 02:25:56,160 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. 3403 02:25:56,160 --> 02:25:58,720 SORRY. 3404 02:25:58,720 --> 02:26:00,440 OH. M THAT WE COULD WORK WITH 3405 02:26:00,440 --> 02:26:01,640 THEM TO FURTHER ENHANCE THAT AND 3406 02:26:01,640 --> 02:26:05,320 TO BUILD ON THAT. I THINK IT IS 3407 02:26:05,320 --> 02:26:07,560 A REALLY AMBITIOUS PROJECT WITH 3408 02:26:07,560 --> 02:26:09,560 LOTS OF POTENTIAL TO BETTER 3409 02:26:09,560 --> 02:26:12,480 TREAT PATIENTS AND MOVE THE 3410 02:26:12,480 --> 02:26:14,560 FIELD A BIT. 3411 02:26:14,560 --> 02:26:15,520 >>I HAVE ONE OTHER COMMENT. 3412 02:26:15,520 --> 02:26:18,840 THAT IS THAT WE COULD PROBABLY 3413 02:26:18,840 --> 02:26:21,840 GAIN MORE TRACTION ONCE WE START 3414 02:26:21,840 --> 02:26:24,040 TO INCORPORATE MULTI-MORBIDITY 3415 02:26:24,040 --> 02:26:25,640 INTO SOME CLINICAL TRIALS RIGHT 3416 02:26:25,640 --> 02:26:28,280 NOW. YOU KNOW, THE FIRST IN 3417 02:26:28,280 --> 02:26:31,000 HUMAN TRIALS ARE SMALL AND ARE 3418 02:26:31,000 --> 02:26:34,000 PILOTED AND FOCUSED ON SINGLE 3419 02:26:34,000 --> 02:26:36,600 DISEASE STATES WITH KNOWLEDGE OF 3420 02:26:36,600 --> 02:26:39,480 SENESCENCE CELL BURDEN AND THINK 3421 02:26:39,480 --> 02:26:42,280 THAT AS THOSE TYPES OF STUDIES 3422 02:26:42,280 --> 02:26:45,200 SXHAND AND WE LOOK AT MULTIPLE 3423 02:26:45,200 --> 02:26:46,680 OUTCOMES RELATED TO MORE THAN 3424 02:26:46,680 --> 02:26:50,960 ONE DISEASE WILL ALSO, I THINK, 3425 02:26:50,960 --> 02:26:53,480 GAIN TRACTION IN THE -- AND 3426 02:26:53,480 --> 02:26:55,080 PERCEPTION THAT WHAT WE ARE 3427 02:26:55,080 --> 02:26:56,600 DOING IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER 3428 02:26:56,600 --> 02:26:56,880 APPROACHES. 3429 02:26:56,880 --> 02:26:58,880 >>JUST TO ADD TO THAT, I THINK 3430 02:26:58,880 --> 02:27:01,240 THAT I WANT TO JUST, AGAIN, GIVE 3431 02:27:01,240 --> 02:27:03,560 A SHOUTOUT TO ORGANIZERS OF 3432 02:27:03,560 --> 02:27:05,040 CONFERENCE FOR HAVING MADE 3433 02:27:05,040 --> 02:27:07,920 SOCIAL DISPARITIES A KRENT PIECE 3434 02:27:07,920 --> 02:27:10,000 AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 3435 02:27:10,000 --> 02:27:11,760 CONFERENCE AND NOT ONLY IS RIGHT 3436 02:27:11,760 --> 02:27:13,920 THING IN TERMS OF POPULATION 3437 02:27:13,920 --> 02:27:16,560 HEALTH BUT RIGHT THING IN TERMS 3438 02:27:16,560 --> 02:27:18,320 OF GEROSCIENCE AS BOB SAID AND 3439 02:27:18,320 --> 02:27:20,960 MADE A BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT THIS 3440 02:27:20,960 --> 02:27:22,800 DURING MY TALK. A NUMBER OF US 3441 02:27:22,800 --> 02:27:25,480 STRUCK BY PUSHBACK THAT WE HAVE 3442 02:27:25,480 --> 02:27:27,920 GOTTEN FROM SOME MEDICAL 3443 02:27:27,920 --> 02:27:29,880 STUDENTS INTRODUCING CONCEPT OF 3444 02:27:29,880 --> 02:27:31,960 GEROSCIENCE AND MEDICAL AND PHD 3445 02:27:31,960 --> 02:27:34,280 STUDENTS THESE DAYS ARE MORE 3446 02:27:34,280 --> 02:27:36,600 SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS AND AWARE 3447 02:27:36,600 --> 02:27:38,760 THAT MANY OF US WERE AWARE AT 3448 02:27:38,760 --> 02:27:40,880 THAT STAGE IN OUR CAREERS AND 3449 02:27:40,880 --> 02:27:42,840 THEY HEAR ALL OF THIS AND ABOUT 3450 02:27:42,840 --> 02:27:44,400 THE BILLIONAIRES THAT ARE 3451 02:27:44,400 --> 02:27:46,000 INVESTING IN AGING RESEARCH. 3452 02:27:46,000 --> 02:27:48,080 THAT IS WONDERFUL. WE WELCOME 3453 02:27:48,080 --> 02:27:50,360 ALL SUPPORT, OBVIOUSLY. 3454 02:27:50,360 --> 02:27:51,760 PERCEPTION THEY HAVE THAT THIS 3455 02:27:51,760 --> 02:27:53,960 IS ABOUT IMPROVING LIVES OF 3456 02:27:53,960 --> 02:27:57,880 THOSE BILLIONAIRES AND ABOUT 3457 02:27:57,880 --> 02:27:59,520 ELITISM. I THINK WITH WE LOOK 3458 02:27:59,520 --> 02:28:01,800 AT -- IN TERMS OF ALSO HAVING 3459 02:28:01,800 --> 02:28:05,840 FOCUS AT THIS CONFERENCE ON 3460 02:28:05,840 --> 02:28:09,600 MULTIPLE MORBIDITY GEROSCIENCE 3461 02:28:09,600 --> 02:28:11,560 GUIDED THERAPIES WILL BENEFIT 3462 02:28:11,560 --> 02:28:13,440 PEOPLE MOST WITH MULTIPLE 3463 02:28:13,440 --> 02:28:14,720 MORBIDITIES THAT IS KEY AND 3464 02:28:14,720 --> 02:28:19,960 PANEL WE NEED TO PURSUE. 3465 02:28:19,960 --> 02:28:22,080 >>I WILL READ A QUESTION FROM 3466 02:28:22,080 --> 02:28:27,680 ZOOM AUDIENCE FOR YOU THIS IS 3467 02:28:27,680 --> 02:28:29,680 ALLISON PALM MER AND -- THERE 3468 02:28:29,680 --> 02:28:32,920 NEEDS TO BE BUY-IN FROM MCHL BME 3469 02:28:32,920 --> 02:28:36,440 GIVEN LEARNING IS ASSESSMENT 3470 02:28:36,440 --> 02:28:38,280 DIFFERENT IN THAT SETTING CAN 3471 02:28:38,280 --> 02:28:39,960 YOU COMMENT ON END ROADS THAT 3472 02:28:39,960 --> 02:28:43,400 ARE BEING MADE IN THAT AREA? 3473 02:28:43,400 --> 02:28:46,800 >>ALL RIGHT. IF I HEARD THE 3474 02:28:46,800 --> 02:28:50,000 QUESTION WELL SHE WAS ASKING 3475 02:28:50,000 --> 02:28:51,720 ABOUT HOW WE INTRODUCE THESE 3476 02:28:51,720 --> 02:28:53,680 MATERIALS TO MEDICAL STUDENTS. 3477 02:28:53,680 --> 02:28:56,320 OKAY. WORKING ON R25 WITH 3478 02:28:56,320 --> 02:28:58,000 GEROSKEENS EDUCATION AND 3479 02:28:58,000 --> 02:29:04,200 TRAINING NETWORK WE HAVENA 3480 02:29:04,200 --> 02:29:06,160 DEFINITELY ASKED HELP FROM THE 3481 02:29:06,160 --> 02:29:07,440 DISSEMINATION COMMITTEE HOW WE 3482 02:29:07,440 --> 02:29:09,200 COULD BEST DO THAT. WE FOUND 3483 02:29:09,200 --> 02:29:12,800 THAT IT IS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT 3484 02:29:12,800 --> 02:29:14,080 TO GET MATERIALS INTO THE 3485 02:29:14,080 --> 02:29:15,840 CURRICULUM. WE ARE CREATING 3486 02:29:15,840 --> 02:29:17,920 MATERIALS AND WILL MAKE THEM 3487 02:29:17,920 --> 02:29:20,080 AVAILABLE AND SUGGEST WAYS THAT 3488 02:29:20,080 --> 02:29:24,000 THEY CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO 3489 02:29:24,000 --> 02:29:28,840 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CURRICULA AND 3490 02:29:28,840 --> 02:29:30,600 DR.CUR SHELL SPOKE EARLIER WE 3491 02:29:30,600 --> 02:29:33,800 WILL TRY TO SEE IF WE COULD HAVE 3492 02:29:33,800 --> 02:29:35,280 COMPETENCIES INCLUDED SOMEHOW 3493 02:29:35,280 --> 02:29:37,520 AND WILL BE DOWN THE ROAD AND 3494 02:29:37,520 --> 02:29:38,680 DIFFICULT PATH THAT IS FRAUGHT. 3495 02:29:38,680 --> 02:29:41,400 WE HAVE -- WE HAVE HEARD ABOUT 3496 02:29:41,400 --> 02:29:43,600 MANY OBSTACLES AND WE -- IT IS 3497 02:29:43,600 --> 02:29:46,000 DEFINITE THAT THERE ARE MANY 3498 02:29:46,000 --> 02:29:47,440 CONVERSATIONS HAPPENING ABOUT 3499 02:29:47,440 --> 02:29:50,800 HOW TO EVENTUALLY HOPEFULLY MAKE 3500 02:29:50,800 --> 02:29:51,240 THAT HAPPEN. 3501 02:29:51,240 --> 02:29:53,440 >>ADDING TO THAT THERE IS A 3502 02:29:53,440 --> 02:29:56,960 TREMENDOUS MONTH OF IN MEDICAL 3503 02:29:56,960 --> 02:29:59,120 EDUCATION WHERE CLASSROOM 3504 02:29:59,120 --> 02:30:01,680 TEACHING AND SUCH ENDED IN MOST 3505 02:30:01,680 --> 02:30:03,080 PLACE APDZ TEACHING IN SMALL 3506 02:30:03,080 --> 02:30:04,840 GROUP CASE-BASED LEARNING AND 3507 02:30:04,840 --> 02:30:08,600 ABILITY TO CREATE ONLINE 3508 02:30:08,600 --> 02:30:13,240 MATERIALS THAT CAN PROVIDE EASY 3509 02:30:13,240 --> 02:30:14,440 ACCESS TO INFORMATION WITH A 3510 02:30:14,440 --> 02:30:16,680 CLICK OF A MOUSE IS WAY TO GO 3511 02:30:16,680 --> 02:30:18,000 AND WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO 3512 02:30:18,000 --> 02:30:20,440 DEVELOP IN A WAY THAT WILL 3513 02:30:20,440 --> 02:30:24,040 HOPEFULLY BE SUSTAINABLE. 3514 02:30:24,040 --> 02:30:25,960 >>GOING ON TANGENT IN RESPONSE 3515 02:30:25,960 --> 02:30:28,600 AND TEACHING AND AGING TO 3516 02:30:28,600 --> 02:30:31,160 MILLENNIALS IS A CHALLENGE THAT 3517 02:30:31,160 --> 02:30:33,160 IS REALLY A CONCEPT TO MANY THAT 3518 02:30:33,160 --> 02:30:35,760 SEEMS FOREIGN AND IN MANY CASES 3519 02:30:35,760 --> 02:30:38,880 THEY ALMOST PUSH IT AWAY AND 3520 02:30:38,880 --> 02:30:42,200 THEY STRUGGLE TO HAVE A SENSE OF 3521 02:30:42,200 --> 02:30:44,000 EMPATHY I THINK WITH MANY 3522 02:30:44,000 --> 02:30:45,840 PATIENTS AND TEACHING IN WAY 3523 02:30:45,840 --> 02:30:47,920 THAT IS COMPELLING BECOMES 3524 02:30:47,920 --> 02:30:49,640 CHALLENGING. THERE ARE WAYS TO 3525 02:30:49,640 --> 02:30:50,680 OVERCOME THAT AND IN CONTRAST 3526 02:30:50,680 --> 02:30:52,960 THIS IS A BIT OF A TANGENT THAT 3527 02:30:52,960 --> 02:30:55,280 IS RELEVANT AND INTERESTING TO 3528 02:30:55,280 --> 02:30:59,160 ME DURING SUPERBOWL CONVERSATION 3529 02:30:59,160 --> 02:31:02,320 ABOUT AN AGING DOG MADE MY THREE 3530 02:31:02,320 --> 02:31:05,680 DAUGHTERS CRY AND STAGGERED ME 3531 02:31:05,680 --> 02:31:07,200 LISTENING ABOUT COMPANION DOGS 3532 02:31:07,200 --> 02:31:09,040 THERE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS WE CAN 3533 02:31:09,040 --> 02:31:11,200 TEACH ABOUT AGING THAT IS 3534 02:31:11,200 --> 02:31:12,240 RELEVANT TO YOUNG PEOPLE IN A 3535 02:31:12,240 --> 02:31:14,840 WAY THAT IS MEANINGFUL TO THEM 3536 02:31:14,840 --> 02:31:17,200 TO EMBRACE IT AND IN TERMS OF 3537 02:31:17,200 --> 02:31:18,760 GRASPING TRAINEES THERE ARE 3538 02:31:18,760 --> 02:31:20,160 PROBABLY NEW MODELS WE SHOULD 3539 02:31:20,160 --> 02:31:23,440 THINK ABOUT AS A SOCIETY TO TRY 3540 02:31:23,440 --> 02:31:25,880 TO MAKE AGING RELEVANT AND 3541 02:31:25,880 --> 02:31:26,960 TRAJECTORIES OF LIFE STARTING 3542 02:31:26,960 --> 02:31:29,440 MUCH EARLIER AND THAT ARE REALLY 3543 02:31:29,440 --> 02:31:32,720 RELEVANT IN HOW PEOPLE GRASP 3544 02:31:32,720 --> 02:31:36,240 AGING IN THIS LIFE-LONG CONCEPT 3545 02:31:36,240 --> 02:31:38,440 AND SEEMS TRIVIAL AND WE HAVEN'T 3546 02:31:38,440 --> 02:31:39,720 REALLY EMBRACED OPPORTUNITIES 3547 02:31:39,720 --> 02:31:42,400 AND IS STRIKING TO ME WATCHING 3548 02:31:42,400 --> 02:31:43,360 TRAINEES THEY ALWAYS BRING UP 3549 02:31:43,360 --> 02:31:45,400 THEIR DOGS THAT IS STAGGERING. 3550 02:31:45,400 --> 02:31:47,560 WE DON'T USE THAT OR LEVERAGE 3551 02:31:47,560 --> 02:31:48,960 THOSE KINDS OF OPPORTUNITIES TO 3552 02:31:48,960 --> 02:31:52,240 THINK ABOUT AGING IN DIFFERENT 3553 02:31:52,240 --> 02:31:52,440 WAYS. 3554 02:31:52,440 --> 02:31:57,040 >>HELLO. NAT ASHIA, 3555 02:31:57,040 --> 02:31:58,560 VETERRINARIAN IN THE GROUP. I 3556 02:31:58,560 --> 02:32:00,480 ABSOLUTELY LOVE THAT YOU BRO UTH 3557 02:32:00,480 --> 02:32:02,360 THAT UP. ONE COMMENT I WANTED 3558 02:32:02,360 --> 02:32:06,520 MAKE IS I INTRODUCED GEROSCIENCE 3559 02:32:06,520 --> 02:32:08,480 INTO OUR VETERINARY CURRICULUM 3560 02:32:08,480 --> 02:32:10,000 AND WOULD LIKE TO TALK MORE 3561 02:32:10,000 --> 02:32:11,920 ABOUT SUCCESSES AND FAILURES I 3562 02:32:11,920 --> 02:32:13,560 HAVE HAD WITH THAT AND ALSO 3563 02:32:13,560 --> 02:32:16,960 SOMETHING I'M REALLY INTRIGUED 3564 02:32:16,960 --> 02:32:20,360 ABOUT IS TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE 3565 02:32:20,360 --> 02:32:22,000 LEARNING EXPERIENCE THAT DOG 3566 02:32:22,000 --> 02:32:24,480 OWNERS GO THROUGH WHEN THEY CARE 3567 02:32:24,480 --> 02:32:27,240 FOR AN AGING GERIATRIC PET AND 3568 02:32:27,240 --> 02:32:29,600 REACH AN END OF LIFE SCENARIO. 3569 02:32:29,600 --> 02:32:31,760 THERE IS ENORMOUS LESSONS TO BE 3570 02:32:31,760 --> 02:32:32,880 LEARNED FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY 3571 02:32:32,880 --> 02:32:34,880 THAT COULD BE APPLIED. YOU 3572 02:32:34,880 --> 02:32:37,000 KNOW, AS A FOREWARNING WHAT THEY 3573 02:32:37,000 --> 02:32:38,240 WILL GO THROUGH WITH THEIR 3574 02:32:38,240 --> 02:32:40,320 FAMILY. THIS IS SOMETHING I 3575 02:32:40,320 --> 02:32:41,640 WOULD LOVE TO REALLY EXPLORE 3576 02:32:41,640 --> 02:32:44,960 FURTHER AND COMPLETELY AGREE. 3577 02:32:44,960 --> 02:32:46,840 >>THANK YOU. 3578 02:32:46,840 --> 02:32:50,960 >>AND ALSO THAT THERE MIGHT BE 3579 02:32:50,960 --> 02:32:54,040 AN OPPORTUNITY TO COLLABORATE 3580 02:32:54,040 --> 02:32:55,560 WITH ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN 3581 02:32:55,560 --> 02:32:58,280 MEDICAL COLLEGES AAMC, GROUP OF 3582 02:32:58,280 --> 02:32:59,840 EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS THAT MIGHT 3583 02:32:59,840 --> 02:33:02,680 BE A GROUP TO COLLABORATE WITH. 3584 02:33:02,680 --> 02:33:06,000 AND ALSO IF THERE IS LIKE A 3585 02:33:06,000 --> 02:33:10,720 COHORT OF OF EXCITED AND 3586 02:33:10,720 --> 02:33:12,000 ENERGIZED AND YOUNG PEOPLE. 3587 02:33:12,000 --> 02:33:14,000 THEY CAN PUT A LOT OF PRESSURE 3588 02:33:14,000 --> 02:33:19,200 ON MEDICAL SCHOOLS TO CHANGE 3589 02:33:19,200 --> 02:33:21,360 CURRICULUM AND RIGHT NOW THERE 3590 02:33:21,360 --> 02:33:23,480 IS A BIG MOVE TOWARDS CLIMATE 3591 02:33:23,480 --> 02:33:25,400 CHANGE BEING INCLUDED IN THE 3592 02:33:25,400 --> 02:33:27,400 CURRICULUM. THERE IS A WHOLE 3593 02:33:27,400 --> 02:33:29,000 COHORT AND ORGANIZATION OF YOUNG 3594 02:33:29,000 --> 02:33:30,920 PEOPLE THAT ARE REALLY 3595 02:33:30,920 --> 02:33:32,840 ADVOCATING FOR THIS TO BE 3596 02:33:32,840 --> 02:33:35,840 INCLUDED IN THE CURRICULUM. 3597 02:33:35,840 --> 02:33:37,520 SO, THAT PERHAPS WOULD BE PART 3598 02:33:37,520 --> 02:33:41,480 OF THE STRATEGY TOO. THANK YOU. 3599 02:33:41,480 --> 02:33:48,720 >>WE HAVE INTRODUCED AS WELL IN 3600 02:33:48,720 --> 02:33:50,640 THE CURRICULUM AND IN SOME OF 3601 02:33:50,640 --> 02:33:55,240 THE GEROSCIENCE CONCEPTS AND 3602 02:33:55,240 --> 02:33:57,680 ACTUALLY SOCIETY OF JERAT TRICKS 3603 02:33:57,680 --> 02:33:59,440 HAS A DOCUMENT IT THIS AIS 3604 02:33:59,440 --> 02:34:01,080 LISTING COMPETENCIES THAT 3605 02:34:01,080 --> 02:34:03,000 MEDICAL SCHOOL SHOULD INTRODUCE 3606 02:34:03,000 --> 02:34:04,600 INTO THEIR CURRICULUM AND MAYBE 3607 02:34:04,600 --> 02:34:05,880 IS SOMETHING TO LOOK THERE TO 3608 02:34:05,880 --> 02:34:10,000 SORT OF STANDARDIZE IN ACROSS 3609 02:34:10,000 --> 02:34:12,600 THE POND, IF YOU WANT. 3610 02:34:12,600 --> 02:34:16,160 ONE THING WE FIND DIFFICULT IS 3611 02:34:16,160 --> 02:34:18,560 THAT ACTUALLY IS PERSUADING 3612 02:34:18,560 --> 02:34:21,080 COLLEAGUE THAT HAVE RUN COURSES 3613 02:34:21,080 --> 02:34:22,320 TO SORT OF CHANGE WAY THEY TEACH 3614 02:34:22,320 --> 02:34:24,040 AND SOMETIMES THERE IS MORE 3615 02:34:24,040 --> 02:34:28,680 CHANGE THAT CAN MAKE A BIG 3616 02:34:28,680 --> 02:34:29,000 DIFFERENCE. 3617 02:34:29,000 --> 02:34:32,520 OTHER THING PERSUADING WE NEED 3618 02:34:32,520 --> 02:34:33,960 MORE GERIATRICIAN THAT THERE IS 3619 02:34:33,960 --> 02:34:35,800 NOT ENOUGH OF THEM AND FIND 3620 02:34:35,800 --> 02:34:37,760 DIFFICULT TO PURSUE STUDENTS TO 3621 02:34:37,760 --> 02:34:41,320 TAKE THAT PANEL. I DON'T KNOW 3622 02:34:41,320 --> 02:34:46,000 WHETHER YOU HAVE ANY SUGGESTION 3623 02:34:46,000 --> 02:34:49,040 THE 3624 02:34:49,040 --> 02:34:49,280 THERE. 3625 02:34:49,280 --> 02:34:51,560 >>I WILL TRY TO ANSWER. ONE 3626 02:34:51,560 --> 02:34:54,880 THING WE HAVE HEARD OFTEN IS 3627 02:34:54,880 --> 02:34:58,760 THAT MAYBE MEDICAL STUDENTS ARE 3628 02:34:58,760 --> 02:35:01,120 NOT GOING INTO GERIATRICS AND 3629 02:35:01,120 --> 02:35:03,960 FEEL THEY CAN'T DO MUCH FOR 3630 02:35:03,960 --> 02:35:05,760 OLDER ADULTS AND HEARD TODAY 3631 02:35:05,760 --> 02:35:07,360 ABOUT HOW MAYBE MORE PEOPLE 3632 02:35:07,360 --> 02:35:09,840 START TODAY GO INTO RUM TOLL AS 3633 02:35:09,840 --> 02:35:13,640 TNF INHIBITORS, ET, CAME ON. 3634 02:35:13,640 --> 02:35:15,360 THEY COULD HELP THEIR PATIENTS 3635 02:35:15,360 --> 02:35:17,680 BETTER AND TRULY ARE HOPING WITH 3636 02:35:17,680 --> 02:35:20,280 GEROSCIENCE INITIATIVES AND WITH 3637 02:35:20,280 --> 02:35:24,360 NEW THERAPIES THAT -- THAT MAYBE 3638 02:35:24,360 --> 02:35:26,400 GERIATRICS WILL MAYBE ONE DAY 3639 02:35:26,400 --> 02:35:27,960 BECOME SOMETHING MORE MEDICAL 3640 02:35:27,960 --> 02:35:31,080 STUDENTS WILL WANT TO GO INTO. 3641 02:35:31,080 --> 02:35:34,480 WE DEFINITELY NEED MORE, SO -- 3642 02:35:34,480 --> 02:35:36,360 >>I WANT TO -- I KNOW I'M 3643 02:35:36,360 --> 02:35:39,600 BIASED ABOUT YOU FEEL WE HAVE 3644 02:35:39,600 --> 02:35:41,920 SOME GEROSCIENCE TECHNIQUES 3645 02:35:41,920 --> 02:35:43,760 AVAILABLE AND I EMPHASIZE 3646 02:35:43,760 --> 02:35:44,040 EXERCISE. 3647 02:35:44,040 --> 02:35:48,040 IT WORKS AND I KNOW IT IS 3648 02:35:48,040 --> 02:35:50,680 CHALLENGING AND JEREMY YOU KNOW 3649 02:35:50,680 --> 02:35:51,880 THERE IS SAYING AND TOM GILL IT 3650 02:35:51,880 --> 02:35:55,720 IS HARD TO DO IT. INCREMENT 3651 02:35:55,720 --> 02:35:56,880 ALLEY WORKS AND IS HARD TO 3652 02:35:56,880 --> 02:35:58,600 CHANGE PEOPLE. THESE ARE 3653 02:35:58,600 --> 02:36:01,720 PATTERNS OF DISABILITY THAT ARE 3654 02:36:01,720 --> 02:36:03,720 ENTRENCHED AND TAKEN THEM 30 3655 02:36:03,720 --> 02:36:05,240 YEARS TO BECOME DISABLED 3656 02:36:05,240 --> 02:36:06,840 PROGRESSIVELY AND IS HARD TO FIX 3657 02:36:06,840 --> 02:36:08,760 IT IN A 6 MONTH PERIOD. THERE 3658 02:36:08,760 --> 02:36:10,960 IS PROGRESS. I THINK PART OF 3659 02:36:10,960 --> 02:36:12,680 THE ISSUE IS IMPLEMENTATION NO 3660 02:36:12,680 --> 02:36:14,640 THE JUST WAITING FOR THE NEW 3661 02:36:14,640 --> 02:36:16,600 PILL BUT USING TOOLS WE HAVE AND 3662 02:36:16,600 --> 02:36:20,120 WE HAVE DIET AND NUTRITION AND 3663 02:36:20,120 --> 02:36:24,040 WE HAVE OTHER WAYS OF ENRICHING 3664 02:36:24,040 --> 02:36:26,480 THE ENVIRONMENT IN HELPING WITH 3665 02:36:26,480 --> 02:36:28,240 RESILIENCE IN WAYS THAT ARE 3666 02:36:28,240 --> 02:36:30,560 ACCESSIBLE TO US NOW. I DON'T 3667 02:36:30,560 --> 02:36:33,120 FEEL SATISFIED SAYING WAIT UNTIL 3668 02:36:33,120 --> 02:36:34,000 WE GET THE NEW PILL. 3669 02:36:34,000 --> 02:36:35,880 >>ADDING TO THAT THERE IS 3670 02:36:35,880 --> 02:36:36,680 INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT WE 3671 02:36:36,680 --> 02:36:40,160 HEARD ABOUT MEDICATIONS THAT ARE 3672 02:36:40,160 --> 02:36:41,520 REPURPOSED AND USED ALREADY AND 3673 02:36:41,520 --> 02:36:44,600 THAT HAVE POTENTIAL TO WORK FROM 3674 02:36:44,600 --> 02:36:46,000 A GEROSCIENCY PERSPECTIVE AND 3675 02:36:46,000 --> 02:36:47,720 FOR EXAMPLE THERE IS A WHOLE 3676 02:36:47,720 --> 02:36:49,600 CLASS OF DIABETES MEDICATIONS 3677 02:36:49,600 --> 02:36:52,040 THAT ARE WIDELY USED AND 3678 02:36:52,040 --> 02:36:53,840 INCREASING EVIDENCE TO INDICATE 3679 02:36:53,840 --> 02:36:56,200 THAT THEY MAY HAVE OFF-LABELED 3680 02:36:56,200 --> 02:36:59,720 BENEFITS TO -- IN TERMS OF 3681 02:36:59,720 --> 02:37:00,880 DEMENTIA PREVENTION, ET CETERA. 3682 02:37:00,880 --> 02:37:04,080 IT IS TRANSFORMATIONAL. IN 3683 02:37:04,080 --> 02:37:05,680 GERIATRICS, THERE IS ALL KINDS 3684 02:37:05,680 --> 02:37:08,320 OF OFF-LABEL ISSUES AND ALWAYS 3685 02:37:08,320 --> 02:37:09,520 IS A PROBLEM AND NEVER SOMETHING 3686 02:37:09,520 --> 02:37:13,520 GOOD AND IT IS A QUESTION OF 3687 02:37:13,520 --> 02:37:18,840 FRAMING AND EXPLAINING THAT 3688 02:37:18,840 --> 02:37:24,080 THERE IS THINGS TO DO IN GERO 3689 02:37:24,080 --> 02:37:25,160 SCIENCE -- 3690 02:37:25,160 --> 02:37:28,400 >>I WORK IN MEMORY CLINIC AND 3691 02:37:28,400 --> 02:37:30,000 SEE PATIENTS WITH SUBJECTIVE 3692 02:37:30,000 --> 02:37:31,880 COGNITIVE CHANGE AND LOTS IS 3693 02:37:31,880 --> 02:37:34,000 FOCUSED ON PREVENTION AND LOTS 3694 02:37:34,000 --> 02:37:36,040 USES GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS 3695 02:37:36,040 --> 02:37:37,480 AND CONCEPTS LIKE DIET AND 3696 02:37:37,480 --> 02:37:39,760 EXERCISE AND LOTS TO DO THERE 3697 02:37:39,760 --> 02:37:42,560 WITH PERSONALIZED EXERCISE 3698 02:37:42,560 --> 02:37:44,760 PRESCRIPTIONS AND BLOOD FLOW 3699 02:37:44,760 --> 02:37:46,400 RESTRICTION FOR HYPERTROPHY AND 3700 02:37:46,400 --> 02:37:48,120 LOTS WE CAN USE OUT OF WHAT WE 3701 02:37:48,120 --> 02:37:50,440 KNOW THAT CAN MAKE A HUGE 3702 02:37:50,440 --> 02:37:51,320 DIFFERENCE IN PEOPLES LIVE AND 3703 02:37:51,320 --> 02:37:55,240 IF WE CAN PACKAGE AND MARKET 3704 02:37:55,240 --> 02:37:57,000 THAT IN A WAY THAT IS YOU KNOW A 3705 02:37:57,000 --> 02:37:58,960 LITTLE MORE SEXY WE CAN DRAW 3706 02:37:58,960 --> 02:38:01,440 PEOPLE IN AND ALSO SERVE AS AN 3707 02:38:01,440 --> 02:38:02,880 ALTERNATIVE TO LESS RELIABLE 3708 02:38:02,880 --> 02:38:05,840 SOURCES THAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING 3709 02:38:05,840 --> 02:38:07,920 AT ONLINE. 3710 02:38:07,920 --> 02:38:09,520 >>ADDING TO ADDITION TO WHAT WE 3711 02:38:09,520 --> 02:38:11,640 KNOW ABOUT EXERCISE AND 3712 02:38:11,640 --> 02:38:14,000 NUTRITION I LEARNED NUTRITION 3713 02:38:14,000 --> 02:38:16,960 DOING INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 3714 02:38:16,960 --> 02:38:18,440 FELLOWSHIP -- GERIATRIC MEDICINE 3715 02:38:18,440 --> 02:38:20,960 AND NEVER HAD THE ISSUE OF 3716 02:38:20,960 --> 02:38:22,240 NUTRITION BEEN DISCUSSED UNTIL I 3717 02:38:22,240 --> 02:38:25,080 DID AN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 3718 02:38:25,080 --> 02:38:29,640 FELLOWSHIP THAT IS A EXAMPLE AND 3719 02:38:29,640 --> 02:38:36,000 GLARING HOLE AND I WILL TAKE 3720 02:38:36,000 --> 02:38:38,000 PANEL D- YOU MENTIONED 3721 02:38:38,000 --> 02:38:39,320 MULTI-MORBIDITY AS OUTCOME AND 3722 02:38:39,320 --> 02:38:43,000 UNDERSTANDING IS NOT CURRENTLY 3723 02:38:43,000 --> 02:38:44,320 ICD9 DIAGNOSIS AND BRIEFLY THIS 3724 02:38:44,320 --> 02:38:46,080 COULD BE A FOLLOW UP 3725 02:38:46,080 --> 02:38:48,000 CONVERSATION IS THERE ADVANTAGE 3726 02:38:48,000 --> 02:38:49,600 THINKING ABOUT PUSHING FORWARD 3727 02:38:49,600 --> 02:38:53,480 FDA APPROVAL AND MULTI-MORBIDITY 3728 02:38:53,480 --> 02:38:57,360 AS ICD9 DIAGNOSIS AND AGING IS 3729 02:38:57,360 --> 02:39:00,200 NOT A DISEASE BUT WHAT ABOUT 3730 02:39:00,200 --> 02:39:00,800 MULTI-MORBIDITY? 3731 02:39:00,800 --> 02:39:01,920 >>GREAT QUESTION AND PEOPLE IN 3732 02:39:01,920 --> 02:39:03,400 THE AUDIENCE HAVE BEEN WORKING 3733 02:39:03,400 --> 02:39:08,080 ON THESE ISSUES IN CONTEXT OF 3734 02:39:08,080 --> 02:39:09,680 PAIN TRIAL THAT IN A WAY IS 3735 02:39:09,680 --> 02:39:12,120 LOOKING AT THAT AND YOU WOULD 3736 02:39:12,120 --> 02:39:14,000 THINK THAT PREVENT WUNG BAD 3737 02:39:14,000 --> 02:39:15,680 DISEASE IS IMPORTANT AND 3738 02:39:15,680 --> 02:39:16,880 PREVENTING SECOND DISEASE IS 3739 02:39:16,880 --> 02:39:18,880 IMPORTANT AND THIRD ONE. IF YOU 3740 02:39:18,880 --> 02:39:21,200 CAN PREVENT COMBINATIONS OF 3741 02:39:21,200 --> 02:39:23,280 THESE TO VARIOUS EXTENT WOULD BE 3742 02:39:23,280 --> 02:39:25,960 BETTER AND AGAIN GETS AT ISSUE 3743 02:39:25,960 --> 02:39:29,080 OF HOW WE HEARD FROM DAN HOW 3744 02:39:29,080 --> 02:39:30,520 HEALTHCARE IS SILOED AND WILL 3745 02:39:30,520 --> 02:39:34,000 TAKE A NEW WAY OF THINKING AND 3746 02:39:34,000 --> 02:39:35,400 ULTIMATELY WILL COME DOWN IF 3747 02:39:35,400 --> 02:39:37,920 RESULTING IN BETTER OUTCOMES FOR 3748 02:39:37,920 --> 02:39:40,240 PATIENTS LOWER COST AND BETTER 3749 02:39:40,240 --> 02:39:41,200 OUTCOMES YOU GET BUY IN 3750 02:39:41,200 --> 02:39:43,760 IMMEDIATELY AND WE NEED TO FOCUS 3751 02:39:43,760 --> 02:39:45,400 ON THAT. 3752 02:39:45,400 --> 02:39:47,840 >>GOOD MORNING. I'M WITH THE 3753 02:39:47,840 --> 02:39:51,240 JER ON TOLL ONL CAL SOCIETY AND 3754 02:39:51,240 --> 02:39:53,200 NEED NATIONAL CENTER TO REFRAME 3755 02:39:53,200 --> 02:39:55,680 AGING ON BEHALF OF 10 LEADING 3756 02:39:55,680 --> 02:39:57,800 ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING AARP AND 3757 02:39:57,800 --> 02:40:00,080 GSA AND WOULD LIST ALL 10 AND 3758 02:40:00,080 --> 02:40:01,920 I'M NERVOUS UP HERE AND AFRAID I 3759 02:40:01,920 --> 02:40:03,400 WILL FORGET SOMEBODY. 3760 02:40:03,400 --> 02:40:06,000 I REALLY APPRECIATE THE COMMENTS 3761 02:40:06,000 --> 02:40:08,160 THAT ARE ABOUT UNDERSTANDING 3762 02:40:08,160 --> 02:40:09,840 AGING FOR HOW THE PUBLIC 3763 02:40:09,840 --> 02:40:11,080 UNDERSTANDS AGING AND PERCEIVES 3764 02:40:11,080 --> 02:40:14,200 WHAT WE ARE WORKING ON AND 3765 02:40:14,200 --> 02:40:15,680 TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH HERE. 3766 02:40:15,680 --> 02:40:17,880 I ENCOURAGE MOVING FORWARD THAT 3767 02:40:17,880 --> 02:40:21,200 WE HAVE WORKED WITH A RESEARCH 3768 02:40:21,200 --> 02:40:24,080 PARTNER AND FRAMEWORKS INSTITUTE 3769 02:40:24,080 --> 02:40:25,800 TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATION 3770 02:40:25,800 --> 02:40:29,160 STRATEGIES TO BE SURE THAT WE 3771 02:40:29,160 --> 02:40:31,280 DON'T CONTINUE TO ENCOURAGE 3772 02:40:31,280 --> 02:40:33,440 PEOPLE TO THINK ABOUT AGING IN A 3773 02:40:33,440 --> 02:40:36,560 WAY THAT IS ALWAYS IN DECLINE, 3774 02:40:36,560 --> 02:40:37,160 DEATH, AND DISABILITY. 3775 02:40:37,160 --> 02:40:39,400 WE WOULD BE HAPPY FROM THE 3776 02:40:39,400 --> 02:40:41,160 NATIONAL CENTER TO CONTINUE TO 3777 02:40:41,160 --> 02:40:44,960 WORK WITH YOU AS THIS. AS 3778 02:40:44,960 --> 02:40:46,640 GEROSCIENCE CONTINUES TO BE 3779 02:40:46,640 --> 02:40:47,880 COMMUNICATED OUT IN THE PUBLIC 3780 02:40:47,880 --> 02:40:50,040 AND WANTED TO THANK YOU. 3781 02:40:50,040 --> 02:40:50,720 >>THANK YOU. 3782 02:40:50,720 --> 02:40:51,280 >>HI. 3783 02:40:51,280 --> 02:40:53,040 >>THANKS. I WAS GOING TO 3784 02:40:53,040 --> 02:40:54,680 RESPOND QUICKLY TO THAT. I 3785 02:40:54,680 --> 02:40:56,440 THINK AN IMPORTANT PART OF THIS 3786 02:40:56,440 --> 02:40:58,840 TOO IN ADDITION YOU KNOW ASKING 3787 02:40:58,840 --> 02:41:01,040 THE QUESTION WHY AREN'T MORE 3788 02:41:01,040 --> 02:41:03,360 PEOPLE WANTING TO GO INTO EITHER 3789 02:41:03,360 --> 02:41:06,120 BIOLOGY OF AGING RESEARCH OR 3790 02:41:06,120 --> 02:41:09,120 GERIATRICS OR AGING FOCUSED 3791 02:41:09,120 --> 02:41:10,680 FIELDS OR SPECIALISTS WANTING TO 3792 02:41:10,680 --> 02:41:12,760 DO AGING IN THEIR FIELD IN 3793 02:41:12,760 --> 02:41:14,120 ADDITION TO MAYBE WE ARE WAITING 3794 02:41:14,120 --> 02:41:15,960 FOR TREATMENTS AND THINGS TO 3795 02:41:15,960 --> 02:41:17,680 OFFER TO INTERRUPT THE AGING 3796 02:41:17,680 --> 02:41:18,640 PROCESS WITH EVIDENCE. 3797 02:41:18,640 --> 02:41:20,760 I THINK THAT -- I THINK THAT THE 3798 02:41:20,760 --> 02:41:24,000 NEEDLE HAS MOVED IN A GOOD 3799 02:41:24,000 --> 02:41:26,400 DIRECTION JUST BY THE FIELD OF 3800 02:41:26,400 --> 02:41:28,760 GEROSCIENCE AND ACTIVITIES LIKE 3801 02:41:28,760 --> 02:41:30,280 WHAT WAS JUST DISCUSSED. 3802 02:41:30,280 --> 02:41:32,280 TO JUST KIND OF DEFINE WHAT THE 3803 02:41:32,280 --> 02:41:34,720 FIELD IS AND WHAT THE EXPERTISE 3804 02:41:34,720 --> 02:41:37,200 IS THAT THE FIELD BRINGS. 3805 02:41:37,200 --> 02:41:38,760 THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WHEN I 3806 02:41:38,760 --> 02:41:41,720 WAS IN RESIDENCY, I CAN REMEMBER 3807 02:41:41,720 --> 02:41:43,440 SAYING TO CARDIOLOGY ATTENDING 3808 02:41:43,440 --> 02:41:45,160 YOU KNOW WHAT FELLOWSHIP ARE YOU 3809 02:41:45,160 --> 02:41:47,000 PLANNING TO DO? 3810 02:41:47,000 --> 02:41:49,400 I SAID JERAT TRICKS THIS IS 3811 02:41:49,400 --> 02:41:52,400 20 + YEARS AGO. HE SAID WHY 3812 02:41:52,400 --> 02:41:54,520 WOULD YOU DO A FELLOWSHIP IN 3813 02:41:54,520 --> 02:41:56,200 GERIATRICS ALL MY PATIENTS ARE 3814 02:41:56,200 --> 02:42:00,920 IN THEIR 70S I'M A GERIATRICIAN 3815 02:42:00,920 --> 02:42:02,920 I RISKED A TONGUE LASH TO THIS 3816 02:42:02,920 --> 02:42:05,800 ALL MY PATIENTS HAVE A HEART SO 3817 02:42:05,800 --> 02:42:07,680 I WILL BE A CARDIOLOGIST TOO IT 3818 02:42:07,680 --> 02:42:10,120 IS PREPOST TROUGHS AND THINK 3819 02:42:10,120 --> 02:42:12,480 CONVERSATION MOVED BEYOND THAT 3820 02:42:12,480 --> 02:42:14,840 NOW IN 20 + YEARS INCREASINGLY 3821 02:42:14,840 --> 02:42:16,800 MORE PEOPLE MORE ATTENDING LEVEL 3822 02:42:16,800 --> 02:42:18,000 PEOPLE IN MEDICAL SCHOOL 3823 02:42:18,000 --> 02:42:19,680 UNDERSTAND THAT IT IS NOT JUST 3824 02:42:19,680 --> 02:42:22,000 TAKING CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE AND 3825 02:42:22,000 --> 02:42:24,840 THERE IS, YOU KNOW, CURRICULAR 3826 02:42:24,840 --> 02:42:26,480 ELEMENTS AND CHAPTERS IN BOOKS 3827 02:42:26,480 --> 02:42:28,680 AND AREAS OF EXPERTISE. THEY 3828 02:42:28,680 --> 02:42:31,160 MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO ARTICULATE 3829 02:42:31,160 --> 02:42:32,720 WHAT THOSE ARE AND WHEN THEY 3830 02:42:32,720 --> 02:42:34,960 WERE IN MEDICAL SCHOOL THEY 3831 02:42:34,960 --> 02:42:36,200 DIDN'T EXIST BUT THEY AT LEAST 3832 02:42:36,200 --> 02:42:39,280 RECOGNIZE THAT THERE IS A 3833 02:42:39,280 --> 02:42:40,880 CURRICULUM AND AREA OF EXPERTISE 3834 02:42:40,880 --> 02:42:42,120 AND SOMETHING THAT GEROSCIENCE 3835 02:42:42,120 --> 02:42:45,200 IF IN THIS FIELD REALLY BRINGS 3836 02:42:45,200 --> 02:42:45,480 TO. 3837 02:42:45,480 --> 02:42:48,000 >>IN MEDICAL SCHOOL BIGGEST 3838 02:42:48,000 --> 02:42:50,000 DETOUR ENTTO ME GOING INTO 3839 02:42:50,000 --> 02:42:51,240 GERIATRICS WAS FACE THAT DOCTORS 3840 02:42:51,240 --> 02:42:53,600 MADE WHEN I TOLD THEM I WANTED 3841 02:42:53,600 --> 02:42:55,200 GO INTO GERIATRICS. 3842 02:42:55,200 --> 02:42:55,840 >>[LAUGHING]. 3843 02:42:55,840 --> 02:42:57,800 >>THAT IS SAD. 3844 02:42:57,800 --> 02:43:01,000 >>HI. I'M CHRISTIE CARTER FROM 3845 02:43:01,000 --> 02:43:03,800 NIA, DIVISION OF AGING AND 3846 02:43:03,800 --> 02:43:06,000 BIOLOGY AND A GROUP OF LEARNERS 3847 02:43:06,000 --> 02:43:07,960 TO CONSIDER TO GET GEROSCIENCE 3848 02:43:07,960 --> 02:43:09,480 MESSAGE OUT IS LAY PUBLIC. 3849 02:43:09,480 --> 02:43:12,560 WHEN AT UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA WE 3850 02:43:12,560 --> 02:43:16,520 CREATED ONLINE MASTERS PROGRAM 3851 02:43:16,520 --> 02:43:18,000 IN GERONTOLOGY AT THE TIME THAT 3852 02:43:18,000 --> 02:43:19,520 WE OPENED TO THE WHOLE 3853 02:43:19,520 --> 02:43:22,120 COMMUNITY. WE SOLD IT AS ANYONE 3854 02:43:22,120 --> 02:43:24,120 WHO IS GOING TO COME INTO 3855 02:43:24,120 --> 02:43:25,520 CONTACT WITH AN OLDER PERSON IN 3856 02:43:25,520 --> 02:43:28,200 THEIR LIFE THAT IS JUST ABOUT 3857 02:43:28,200 --> 02:43:31,560 EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT 3858 02:43:31,560 --> 02:43:32,040 GERONTOLOGY. 3859 02:43:32,040 --> 02:43:34,880 WE HAD IN THAT COURSE A 3860 02:43:34,880 --> 02:43:38,000 SHERIFF'S DEPUTY FUNERAL HOME 3861 02:43:38,000 --> 02:43:39,920 DIRECTOR PHYSICIANS AND NURSES 3862 02:43:39,920 --> 02:43:42,000 AND WAS A REALLY COOL GROUP OF 3863 02:43:42,000 --> 02:43:43,800 PEOPLE BRINGING INDIVIDUALIZED 3864 02:43:43,800 --> 02:43:47,520 PERSPECTIVE AROUND AGING TO THE 3865 02:43:47,520 --> 02:43:48,560 STUDY OF GERONTOLOGY. 3866 02:43:48,560 --> 02:43:51,600 IT WAS REALLY SUCCESSFUL AND THE 3867 02:43:51,600 --> 02:43:53,120 COMMON THING ABOUT PEOPLE COMING 3868 02:43:53,120 --> 02:43:58,000 TO THE PROGRAM WAS THAT THEY 3869 02:43:58,000 --> 02:44:02,000 JUST EITHER HAD TO KAIR GIVE FOR 3870 02:44:02,000 --> 02:44:04,480 A DYING PATIENT WANTING TO SEE 3871 02:44:04,480 --> 02:44:06,240 HOW -- YOU KNOW, IT WAS GOING TO 3872 02:44:06,240 --> 02:44:08,840 HAPPEN TO THEM EVENTUALLY. THEY 3873 02:44:08,840 --> 02:44:11,040 WANTED TO LEARN TO NAVIGATE THAT 3874 02:44:11,040 --> 02:44:11,280 BETTER. 3875 02:44:11,280 --> 02:44:13,360 SECOND THING, THEY REALLY CARED 3876 02:44:13,360 --> 02:44:15,560 ABOUT PEOPLE. 3877 02:44:15,560 --> 02:44:19,320 SO, THIS ASPECT OF BEING A 3878 02:44:19,320 --> 02:44:20,640 CARING PROFESSION I THINK IS 3879 02:44:20,640 --> 02:44:21,920 REALLY IMPORTANT TO GET OUT 3880 02:44:21,920 --> 02:44:24,200 THERE TO THE PUBLIC AND TO HAVE 3881 02:44:24,200 --> 02:44:27,800 THIS KIND OF HOLISTIC GROUP OF 3882 02:44:27,800 --> 02:44:29,440 LEARNERS TOGETHER I THINK COULD 3883 02:44:29,440 --> 02:44:32,960 BE REALLY ADVANTAGEOUS WHEN 3884 02:44:32,960 --> 02:44:34,200 TARGETING LAY PEOPLE AND WANT TO 3885 02:44:34,200 --> 02:44:34,960 MAKE THAT COMMENT. 3886 02:44:34,960 --> 02:44:37,400 >>THERE IS A MODEL OUT THERE 3887 02:44:37,400 --> 02:44:39,360 WITH GENETIC MEDICINE BEING A 3888 02:44:39,360 --> 02:44:41,320 SPECIALTY AND YOU HAVE GENETIC 3889 02:44:41,320 --> 02:44:43,320 COUNSELORS THAT IS A PROFESSION 3890 02:44:43,320 --> 02:44:44,800 ALLOWING EVERYONE TO DO WHAT 3891 02:44:44,800 --> 02:44:45,880 THEY DO BEST. 3892 02:44:45,880 --> 02:44:49,960 >>HI. I'M MINA CEDRIC FROM 3893 02:44:49,960 --> 02:44:51,760 CITY OF HOPE AND WONDER IF YOU 3894 02:44:51,760 --> 02:44:54,040 CAN COMMENT A LITTLE ABOUT THE 3895 02:44:54,040 --> 02:44:56,720 POLICYMAKING EFFORT THAT NEEDS 3896 02:44:56,720 --> 02:45:00,080 TO HAPPEN IF WE LOOK AT 3897 02:45:00,080 --> 02:45:01,400 SUBSPECIALIST DISEASES LIKE HIV 3898 02:45:01,400 --> 02:45:03,640 AND CANCER, YOU SEE LOTS OF 3899 02:45:03,640 --> 02:45:04,640 PROGRESS AND IMPACT HAS COMELE 3900 02:45:04,640 --> 02:45:09,720 FROM, YOU KNOW, CONGRESS AND 3901 02:45:09,720 --> 02:45:11,600 LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS THAT HAVE 3902 02:45:11,600 --> 02:45:12,680 LED TO CREATING INFRASTRUCTURE 3903 02:45:12,680 --> 02:45:15,560 AND AUTHORIZING FDA FOR 3904 02:45:15,560 --> 02:45:17,440 BREAKTHROUGH DRUG THERAPIES AND 3905 02:45:17,440 --> 02:45:22,000 ADVOCACY TO MOVE IS SCIENCE 3906 02:45:22,000 --> 02:45:25,960 FORWARD WHAT IS COMMUNITY OF 3907 02:45:25,960 --> 02:45:27,640 GEROSCIENTISTS DOING IN THAT 3908 02:45:27,640 --> 02:45:30,920 SPACE? 3909 02:45:30,920 --> 02:45:32,760 >>ANYBODY HEAR FROM JIM HERE? 3910 02:45:32,760 --> 02:45:36,800 YOU WANT TO SPEAK ABOUT AFARS 3911 02:45:36,800 --> 02:45:38,400 EFFORTS? DON'T KNOW IF JIM IS 3912 02:45:38,400 --> 02:45:38,600 HERE. 3913 02:45:38,600 --> 02:45:41,400 >>YOU PROBABLY KNOW ABOUT IT. 3914 02:45:41,400 --> 02:45:44,200 >>WHY DON'T YOU WANT TO COMMENT 3915 02:45:44,200 --> 02:45:45,240 ON IT? 3916 02:45:45,240 --> 02:45:46,360 >>PARDON ME? 3917 02:45:46,360 --> 02:45:48,160 >>DID YOU WANT TO COMMENT ON 3918 02:45:48,160 --> 02:45:48,760 THAT? 3919 02:45:48,760 --> 02:45:52,880 >>VERY BRIEFLY, AFAR HAS BEEN 3920 02:45:52,880 --> 02:45:54,280 HEAVILY INVOLVED IN IT AND 3921 02:45:54,280 --> 02:45:56,480 WORKING TOGETHER WITH GSA AND 3922 02:45:56,480 --> 02:45:57,480 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS THERE HAS 3923 02:45:57,480 --> 02:45:59,360 BEEN AN EFFORT TO -- THERE HAS 3924 02:45:59,360 --> 02:46:01,440 BEEN TESTIMONY IN FRONT OF 3925 02:46:01,440 --> 02:46:03,280 CONGRESS THAT IS REGARDING 3926 02:46:03,280 --> 02:46:05,040 GEROSCIENCE AND LANGUAGE 3927 02:46:05,040 --> 02:46:07,000 INCLUDED. THERE WAS LANGUAGE -- 3928 02:46:07,000 --> 02:46:11,040 THERE IS JIM. THERE IS LANGUAGE 3929 02:46:11,040 --> 02:46:16,240 THAT INCLUDED IN THE LAST MAJOR 3930 02:46:16,240 --> 02:46:18,760 APROPRIATION ASKING NIH TO COME 3931 02:46:18,760 --> 02:46:20,480 UP WITH AN INVENTORY OF WORK 3932 02:46:20,480 --> 02:46:23,320 THAT IS RELATE TODAY GEROSCIENCE 3933 02:46:23,320 --> 02:46:27,240 TAKING PLACE ACROSS NIH AT ALL 3934 02:46:27,240 --> 02:46:28,600 INSTITUTES AND BELIEVE THAT WORK 3935 02:46:28,600 --> 02:46:33,520 IS HAPPENING AND EFFORTS TO ALSO 3936 02:46:33,520 --> 02:46:38,000 ONGOING DISCUSSIONS REGARDING 3937 02:46:38,000 --> 02:46:40,760 POTENTIALLY IDENTIFYING NEW 3938 02:46:40,760 --> 02:46:42,000 RESOURCES FOCUSING ON 3939 02:46:42,000 --> 02:46:43,880 GEROSCIENCE IN SAME WAY THERE 3940 02:46:43,880 --> 02:46:46,200 HAVE BEEN ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 3941 02:46:46,200 --> 02:46:49,480 COMING TO NIH DEALING WITH 3942 02:46:49,480 --> 02:46:50,800 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND NIH 3943 02:46:50,800 --> 02:46:53,120 STAFF CAN'T BE INVOLVED IN THIS 3944 02:46:53,120 --> 02:46:56,840 TAKING PLACE THROUGH NIFR. WANT 3945 02:46:56,840 --> 02:47:00,440 TO COMMENT ON ANYTHING? YOU ARE 3946 02:47:00,440 --> 02:47:09,600 IN THE BACK. 3947 02:47:09,600 --> 02:47:14,560 >>SORRY I LEFT THE ROOM 3948 02:47:14,560 --> 02:47:15,560 BRIEFLY. [INDISCERNIBLE]'S 3949 02:47:15,560 --> 02:47:16,800 MOTHER JUST DIED. I'M DEALING 3950 02:47:16,800 --> 02:47:18,600 WITH THAT. YOU WERE ASKING 3951 02:47:18,600 --> 02:47:20,280 ABOUT THE POLICY. 3952 02:47:20,280 --> 02:47:22,000 >>QUESTION IS WHAT IS HAPPENING 3953 02:47:22,000 --> 02:47:24,080 IN TERMS OF GEROSCIENCE AT THE 3954 02:47:24,080 --> 02:47:26,400 FEDERAL LEVEL IN TERMS OF 3955 02:47:26,400 --> 02:47:28,600 LOBBYING AT FEDERAL LEVEL? IF 3956 02:47:28,600 --> 02:47:31,520 YOU CAN SUMMARIZE AFAR'S EFFORTS 3957 02:47:31,520 --> 02:47:32,280 IN THAT DIRECTION. 3958 02:47:32,280 --> 02:47:34,280 >>I THINK IT IS BEYOND LOBBYING 3959 02:47:34,280 --> 02:47:35,520 AND A DISCUSSION THAT I THINK A 3960 02:47:35,520 --> 02:47:37,640 LOT OF PEOPLE IN CONGRESS, YOU 3961 02:47:37,640 --> 02:47:39,760 KNOW, SEE WHAT IS HAPPENING TO 3962 02:47:39,760 --> 02:47:41,400 THEMSELVES AND BOTH PARTIES ARE 3963 02:47:41,400 --> 02:47:42,960 IN AGREEMENT ABOUT THIS. AS YOU 3964 02:47:42,960 --> 02:47:45,840 WERE MENTIONING IN BUDGET 3965 02:47:45,840 --> 02:47:47,120 RECONCILIATION ACT THERE WERE 3966 02:47:47,120 --> 02:47:48,960 THREE ELEMENTS INTRODUCED AND 3967 02:47:48,960 --> 02:47:51,240 PASSED BY BOTH PARTIES NOW 3968 02:47:51,240 --> 02:47:52,800 SIGNED INTO LAW FOR REPORT 3969 02:47:52,800 --> 02:47:54,040 LANGUAGE AND ONE THING 3970 02:47:54,040 --> 02:47:56,320 MENTIONING ABOUT NIA AND CAN PAY 3971 02:47:56,320 --> 02:47:58,240 LINES BE BROUGHT UP TO BE MORE 3972 02:47:58,240 --> 02:48:00,160 SIMILAR TO THE ALZHEIMER'S 3973 02:48:00,160 --> 02:48:01,720 WITHOUT TAKING AWAY FROM ALZ 3974 02:48:01,720 --> 02:48:03,960 HIEMERS TO DO A REPORT ACROSS 3975 02:48:03,960 --> 02:48:06,960 ALL 27ICS THAT IS UNDERWAY AND 3976 02:48:06,960 --> 02:48:09,360 NCI IS ESPECIALLY ENGAGED IN 3977 02:48:09,360 --> 02:48:10,960 THIS ABOUT WHAT IS HAPPENING 3978 02:48:10,960 --> 02:48:13,440 WITH RESPECT TO GEROSCIENCE 3979 02:48:13,440 --> 02:48:16,520 WITHIN INSTITUTES AND ISSUES 3980 02:48:16,520 --> 02:48:19,840 RELATED TO THE FDA AND 3981 02:48:19,840 --> 02:48:23,360 CONSIDERATION OF EVENTUALLY 3982 02:48:23,360 --> 02:48:24,800 CREATING ARGUABLY A BRANCH OF 3983 02:48:24,800 --> 02:48:27,840 FDA THAT DEALS WITH GEROSCIENCE 3984 02:48:27,840 --> 02:48:30,000 AND ONGOING EFFORT GOING ON NOW 3985 02:48:30,000 --> 02:48:32,560 WITH DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS 3986 02:48:32,560 --> 02:48:34,000 COMMITTEE LOOKING ATTACKTIVE 3987 02:48:34,000 --> 02:48:37,040 DUTY MILITARY AND GEROSCIENCE 3988 02:48:37,040 --> 02:48:38,880 INTERVENTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 3989 02:48:38,880 --> 02:48:40,000 COMBAT READINESS AND TALK BEING 3990 02:48:40,000 --> 02:48:42,960 IT LATER AND NAVY IS FUNDING 3991 02:48:42,960 --> 02:48:45,160 CLINICAL TRIALS OF 3992 02:48:45,160 --> 02:48:45,800 GEROTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS 3993 02:48:45,800 --> 02:48:47,960 AND SURGEON GENERAL OF THE NAVY 3994 02:48:47,960 --> 02:48:50,120 HIMSELF IS BEHIND IT AND EFFORTS 3995 02:48:50,120 --> 02:48:52,600 LOOKING AT VA AND ALSO EFFORTS 3996 02:48:52,600 --> 02:48:56,320 THAT WILL BEGIN EVENTUALLY WITH 3997 02:48:56,320 --> 02:48:57,560 AGRICULTURE AND LOOKING AT -- 3998 02:48:57,560 --> 02:49:02,800 LOOKING AT, YOU KNOW, SHEEP AND 3999 02:49:02,800 --> 02:49:06,840 MILK PRODUCTION AND EGG LAYING 4000 02:49:06,840 --> 02:49:09,640 WITH RESPECT TO SOME 4001 02:49:09,640 --> 02:49:10,240 GEROTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS 4002 02:49:10,240 --> 02:49:12,160 THAT HAVE A HUGE EFFECT AROUND 4003 02:49:12,160 --> 02:49:13,960 THE WORLD AND IS A NUMBER AND 4004 02:49:13,960 --> 02:49:15,640 WILL BE LATER AND CURRENT 4005 02:49:15,640 --> 02:49:17,360 INITIATIVE IS WITH MAINLY THE 4006 02:49:17,360 --> 02:49:21,040 DOD AND GETTING LANGUAGE 4007 02:49:21,040 --> 02:49:23,520 INSERTED INTO DARPA THAT WOULD 4008 02:49:23,520 --> 02:49:27,880 ALLOW -- YOU KNOW, IT HAS TO BE 4009 02:49:27,880 --> 02:49:29,720 CONGRESSIONALLY MANDATED NOOBD 4010 02:49:29,720 --> 02:49:33,240 GEROSCIENCE LANGUAGE IN DARPA AT 4011 02:49:33,240 --> 02:49:34,800 MOMENT THAT WOULD UNLOCK A HUGE 4012 02:49:34,800 --> 02:49:36,120 AMOUNT OF FUNDING. 4013 02:49:36,120 --> 02:49:38,880 >> WANT TO TALK ABOUT ARPAH? 4014 02:49:38,880 --> 02:49:40,440 >>YEAH. RON AND MYSELF AND 4015 02:49:40,440 --> 02:49:43,440 OTHERS HAVE TALKED A LOT WELL 4016 02:49:43,440 --> 02:49:48,560 OFFLINE ABOUT ARPAH WHICH IS YOU 4017 02:49:48,560 --> 02:49:53,640 KNOW IT IS A NEW INITIATIVE 4018 02:49:53,640 --> 02:49:55,600 WHERE PROGRAM OFFICERS WILL HAVE 4019 02:49:55,600 --> 02:49:56,960 MORE SAY ABOUT SETTING DIRECTION 4020 02:49:56,960 --> 02:50:00,960 AND WE NEED TO GET GOOD PEOPLE. 4021 02:50:00,960 --> 02:50:03,880 WHO ARE WILLING TO GIVE UP 3 TO 4022 02:50:03,880 --> 02:50:06,880 5 YEARS TO WORK FOR ARPAH TO ACT 4023 02:50:06,880 --> 02:50:10,000 AS PROGRAM OFFICIALS AND IF, YOU 4024 02:50:10,000 --> 02:50:14,080 KNOW, I -- AND WE NEED TO PACK 4025 02:50:14,080 --> 02:50:17,240 ARPAH WITH RESPECT TO PEOPLE 4026 02:50:17,240 --> 02:50:19,120 INTERESTED IN GEROSCIENCE 4027 02:50:19,120 --> 02:50:20,360 OTHERWISE FUNDING WILL GO 4028 02:50:20,360 --> 02:50:25,160 ELSEWHERE. I THINK ARPAH WILL 4029 02:50:25,160 --> 02:50:26,680 BE A REEL OPPORTUNITY. 4030 02:50:26,680 --> 02:50:28,360 IT WILL NEED TO WORK CLOSELY 4031 02:50:28,360 --> 02:50:32,920 WITH NIA ESPECIALLY AND WITH NIH 4032 02:50:32,920 --> 02:50:34,440 IN GENERAL. 4033 02:50:34,440 --> 02:50:36,760 SO, THAT IS A WORK IN PROGRESS. 4034 02:50:36,760 --> 02:50:38,800 THEY ARE AT -- THAT EXISTS NOW 4035 02:50:38,800 --> 02:50:42,600 AND THEY ARE AT THE POINT OF 4036 02:50:42,600 --> 02:50:44,200 HIRING PEOPLE. 4037 02:50:44,200 --> 02:50:49,200 >>LAST QUESTION. 4038 02:50:49,200 --> 02:50:51,320 >>THIS IS A COMMENT MORE THAN A 4039 02:50:51,320 --> 02:50:52,560 QUESTION. 4040 02:50:52,560 --> 02:50:55,080 SO, THIS IS A PROFESSIONAL 4041 02:50:55,080 --> 02:50:57,480 MEETING BY PROFESSIONAL 4042 02:50:57,480 --> 02:50:58,280 GEROSCIENTISTS THAT IS LOOKING 4043 02:50:58,280 --> 02:51:03,320 AT WAYS TO GO OUT TO THE 4044 02:51:03,320 --> 02:51:03,880 PRACTITIONER COMMUNITY AND 4045 02:51:03,880 --> 02:51:05,960 MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND IN THE 4046 02:51:05,960 --> 02:51:08,680 PRIVATE SECTOR THERE HAVE BEEN 4047 02:51:08,680 --> 02:51:10,760 VARIOUS PRODIGIES INTERESTED IN 4048 02:51:10,760 --> 02:51:13,640 CURING AGING SO-TO-SPEAK VENTURE 4049 02:51:13,640 --> 02:51:16,440 CAPITALISTS AND CONSULTING 4050 02:51:16,440 --> 02:51:18,000 PEOPLE AND SPEAKER IN SESSION 4051 02:51:18,000 --> 02:51:20,640 MADE A DECISION TO GET INTO THE 4052 02:51:20,640 --> 02:51:22,200 FIELD VERY EARLY ON. 4053 02:51:22,200 --> 02:51:24,200 I'M HERE TO TELL YOU DON'T KNOW 4054 02:51:24,200 --> 02:51:26,840 HOW DEEP BOTTOM IS HERE WE HAVE 4055 02:51:26,840 --> 02:51:28,320 GOTTEN REQUEST FROM HIGH SCHOOL 4056 02:51:28,320 --> 02:51:30,200 STUDENTS ESTABLISHING CHAPTERS 4057 02:51:30,200 --> 02:51:32,920 AND WOULD URNL PROFESSIONAL 4058 02:51:32,920 --> 02:51:34,120 GEROSCIENCE COMMUNITY YOU ARE 4059 02:51:34,120 --> 02:51:36,240 STARTING OUT HITTING MEDICAL 4060 02:51:36,240 --> 02:51:38,080 SCHOOLS AND SO FORTH. 4061 02:51:38,080 --> 02:51:39,640 PARTICULARLY AS YOU GET OUT INTO 4062 02:51:39,640 --> 02:51:41,360 THE COMMUNITY AND GENERAL PUBLIC 4063 02:51:41,360 --> 02:51:44,480 THINKING ABOUT HOW YOU CAN 4064 02:51:44,480 --> 02:51:46,280 REALLY INSPIRE THE YOUTH AT HIGH 4065 02:51:46,280 --> 02:51:54,040 SCHOOL OR EVEN EARLIER LEVELS. 4066 02:51:54,040 --> 02:51:59,320 >>SO, THE CURRENT R25 NETWORK 4067 02:51:59,320 --> 02:52:03,000 THAT WE DR. CURBEL DESCRIBED 4068 02:52:03,000 --> 02:52:05,520 EARLIER LOOKS AT MEDICAL 4069 02:52:05,520 --> 02:52:08,000 STUDENTS PHD STUDENTS AND 4070 02:52:08,000 --> 02:52:10,520 GERIATRIC FELLOWS AND RECENTLY 4071 02:52:10,520 --> 02:52:14,640 NIA DIVISION OF AGING BIOLOGY 4072 02:52:14,640 --> 02:52:18,000 ISSUED ANOTHER R25 FOR JERO 4073 02:52:18,000 --> 02:52:20,880 SCIENCE EDUCATION AND YUKON 4074 02:52:20,880 --> 02:52:22,920 SUBMITTED A GRANT TO 4075 02:52:22,920 --> 02:52:25,520 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT EDUCATION. 4076 02:52:25,520 --> 02:52:28,920 WE ARE CERTAINLY -- IT GOT A 4077 02:52:28,920 --> 02:52:30,200 GOOD HOPEFULLY FUNDABLE SCORE 4078 02:52:30,200 --> 02:52:32,480 AND I'M COINVESTIGATOR ON THAT 4079 02:52:32,480 --> 02:52:34,360 GRANT AND WE ARE DEFINITELY 4080 02:52:34,360 --> 02:52:38,000 TRYING TO EXPAND. WE -- I KNOW 4081 02:52:38,000 --> 02:52:43,480 THAT AFAR HAS A HIGH SCHOOL 4082 02:52:43,480 --> 02:52:45,120 GEROSCIENCE EDUCATION EFFORT 4083 02:52:45,120 --> 02:52:46,400 THAT I BELIEVE THAT THEY HAVE 4084 02:52:46,400 --> 02:52:48,200 DESCRIBED IT AND I THINK THAT 4085 02:52:48,200 --> 02:52:49,360 THEY SENT OUT SOME INFORMATION 4086 02:52:49,360 --> 02:52:51,040 ABOUT SOME OF THE INITIATIVES 4087 02:52:51,040 --> 02:52:53,880 THAT THEY JUST STARTED. 4088 02:52:53,880 --> 02:52:55,720 SO THROUGH I BELIEVE THROUGH 4089 02:52:55,720 --> 02:52:58,000 AFAR THERE IS A HIGH SCHOOL 4090 02:52:58,000 --> 02:53:00,200 EFFORT FOR GEROSCIENCE 4091 02:53:00,200 --> 02:53:02,600 EDUCATION. 4092 02:53:02,600 --> 02:53:04,840 >>SO, WE WILL RECONVENE AT 1 4093 02:53:04,840 --> 02:53:06,480 O'CLOCK. THANK YOU TO THE 4094 02:53:06,480 --> 02:53:09,840 AUDIENCE AND PANELISTS AND 4095 02:53:09,840 --> 02:53:13,480 SPEAKERS FOR THIS EXCELLENT 4096 02:53:13,480 --> 02:55:45,840 SESSION. THANK YOU! 4097 02:55:45,840 --> 02:55:48,880 >>I'M AT SCHOOL OF SOUTHERN 4098 02:55:48,880 --> 02:55:50,640 CALIFORNIA. THIS SESSION IS OWE 4099 02:55:50,640 --> 02:55:57,880 ON GEROSCIENCE CLINICAL TRIALS 4100 02:55:57,880 --> 02:56:00,480 AND AIM OF THE SESSION IS 4101 02:56:00,480 --> 02:56:01,680 EXPLORING CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED 4102 02:56:01,680 --> 02:56:04,440 WITH DEVELOPING AND CARRYING OUT 4103 02:56:04,440 --> 02:56:06,360 GEROSCIENCE BASED CLINICAL TRIAL 4104 02:56:06,360 --> 02:56:08,480 AND SPEAKERS WILL HIGHLIGHT 4105 02:56:08,480 --> 02:56:10,280 POTENTIAL PANELS FORWARD AND 4106 02:56:10,280 --> 02:56:12,560 WILL HEAR FROM PROFESSOR JAMES 4107 02:56:12,560 --> 02:56:18,240 KIRKLAND WHO IS AT MYOCLINIC. 4108 02:56:18,240 --> 02:56:25,080 FROM SARA ESPIN OEZA WHO IS 4109 02:56:25,080 --> 02:56:27,800 GOING TO TALK ABOUT PRIMARY AND 4110 02:56:27,800 --> 02:56:30,280 SECONDARY OUTCOMES OF A 4111 02:56:30,280 --> 02:56:32,480 GEROSCIENCE TRIAL AND FOLLOWED 4112 02:56:32,480 --> 02:56:38,360 BY PROFESSOR [INDISCERNIBLE] 4113 02:56:38,360 --> 02:56:42,200 FROM WHO WILL TALK ABOUT 4114 02:56:42,200 --> 02:56:45,560 GEROSCIENCE TRIAL DESIGNS ABOUT 4115 02:56:45,560 --> 02:56:51,720 MORBIDITY AND FRAILTY AND WHO 4116 02:56:51,720 --> 02:56:54,240 WILL TALK TO US ABOUT 4117 02:56:54,240 --> 02:56:56,040 GEROSCIENCE TRIAL IN HEALTH 4118 02:56:56,040 --> 02:56:59,160 DISPARITIES AND WILL START WITH 4119 02:56:59,160 --> 02:57:08,920 OUR FIRST SPEAKER. 4120 02:57:08,920 --> 02:57:11,840 >>THANK YOU. I HAVE 15 MINUTES 4121 02:57:11,840 --> 02:57:22,320 AND WILL START OUT SAYING I 4122 02:57:28,120 --> 02:57:28,640 STARTED AS A GERIATRICIAN AND 4123 02:57:28,640 --> 02:57:29,200 MAYBE 70% OF TIME IN BASIC 4124 02:57:29,200 --> 02:57:30,160 SCIENCE LAB AND OTHER 30% OF MY 4125 02:57:30,160 --> 02:57:32,120 TIME I'M INVOLVED IN CLINICAL 4126 02:57:32,120 --> 02:57:34,920 TRIALS AND WILL SAY PROBABLY A 4127 02:57:34,920 --> 02:57:36,760 LOT OF VERY STUPID THINGS ABOUT 4128 02:57:36,760 --> 02:57:38,800 BOTH AREAS. WE HAVE SEEN THIS 4129 02:57:38,800 --> 02:57:42,360 SLIDE BEFORE. IT IS A PINCH 4130 02:57:42,360 --> 02:57:46,000 POINT BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL 4131 02:57:46,000 --> 02:57:48,480 MECHANISMS THAT APPEAR TO 4132 02:57:48,480 --> 02:57:51,280 UNDERLIE FUNDAMENTAL AGING 4133 02:57:51,280 --> 02:57:53,040 PROCESSES AND DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS 4134 02:57:53,040 --> 02:57:55,920 OF PROCESSES COMPRISE VARIOUS 4135 02:57:55,920 --> 02:57:57,680 PILLARS OR FUNDAMENTAL 4136 02:57:57,680 --> 02:58:00,240 MECHANISMS OF AGING AND THIS 4137 02:58:00,240 --> 02:58:03,640 MIGHT BE AN INTERVENTION POINT 4138 02:58:03,640 --> 02:58:11,200 WHERE WE CAN DEVELOP AGENTS 4139 02:58:11,200 --> 02:58:14,040 TARGETING PROCESSES AND 4140 02:58:14,040 --> 02:58:15,480 THROUGHOUT CONCEPTION AND 4141 02:58:15,480 --> 02:58:18,040 THROUGHOUT LIFE THAT INVOLVED 4142 02:58:18,040 --> 02:58:21,240 FUNDAMENTAL AGING PROCESSES. 4143 02:58:21,240 --> 02:58:23,960 SO, SOMETHING THAT THE NIH HAS 4144 02:58:23,960 --> 02:58:27,760 FUNDED IS AN R TLAE 3 4145 02:58:27,760 --> 02:58:29,120 TRANSLATI 4146 02:58:29,120 --> 02:58:31,160 TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENCE 4147 02:58:31,160 --> 02:58:32,800 NETWORK AND INCLUDES 8 4148 02:58:32,800 --> 02:58:34,920 INSTITUTION AS CROSS THE US'S 4149 02:58:34,920 --> 02:58:38,760 PRIMARY PLAYERS AND ARE MANY 4150 02:58:38,760 --> 02:58:41,080 OTHERS WHO ARE AFFILIATE MEMBERS 4151 02:58:41,080 --> 02:58:42,920 AND HOPEFULLY IN THE RENEWAL OF 4152 02:58:42,920 --> 02:58:44,640 THE PROCESS AND WE WILL ADD A 4153 02:58:44,640 --> 02:58:48,560 NUMBER OF CENTERS TO THIS 4154 02:58:48,560 --> 02:58:52,480 PROGRAM. BASICALLY, THIS -- I 4155 02:58:52,480 --> 02:58:54,440 WILL GO THROUGH WHAT WE ARE 4156 02:58:54,440 --> 02:58:57,880 DOING IN CONCERT WITH THE AIMS 4157 02:58:57,880 --> 02:59:00,320 OF WHAT THE PARTICULAR PROGRAM 4158 02:59:00,320 --> 02:59:05,760 ARE. SO, THE FIRST AIM IS TO 4159 02:59:05,760 --> 02:59:07,360 SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL 4160 02:59:07,360 --> 02:59:10,440 TRIALS AND PROVIDE THINGS LIKE 4161 02:59:10,440 --> 02:59:12,240 REGULATORY ADVICE AND HELP WITH 4162 02:59:12,240 --> 02:59:14,600 INDS AND HELP WITH GETTING 4163 02:59:14,600 --> 02:59:16,000 VARIOUS KINDS OF APPROVALS AT 4164 02:59:16,000 --> 02:59:18,840 OTHER LEVELS WITH FDA AND SO 4165 02:59:18,840 --> 02:59:19,240 FORTH. 4166 02:59:19,240 --> 02:59:21,320 THE NETWORK DOES NOT ITSELF FUND 4167 02:59:21,320 --> 02:59:24,640 TRIALS AND TRIALS ARE ALL FUNDED 4168 02:59:24,640 --> 02:59:26,640 BY OTHER -- BY VARIOUS 4169 02:59:26,640 --> 02:59:29,560 COMPONENTS OF NIH AND BY PRIVATE 4170 02:59:29,560 --> 02:59:31,600 FOUNDATIONS AND BY SOME CASES 4171 02:59:31,600 --> 02:59:34,360 DRUG COMPANIES AND SOME CASES 4172 02:59:34,360 --> 02:59:35,360 PHILANTHROPISTS AND THE IDEA OF 4173 02:59:35,360 --> 02:59:38,960 THE TRIALS IS TO LOOK IN SERIOUS 4174 02:59:38,960 --> 02:59:41,800 AGE RELATED DISORDERS THAT I 4175 02:59:41,800 --> 02:59:43,240 MENTIONED CAN OCCUR FROM THAT AT 4176 02:59:43,240 --> 02:59:46,440 ANY POINT DURING LIFE AND FOR 4177 02:59:46,440 --> 02:59:47,640 WHICH THERE ARE NO GOOD CURRENT 4178 02:59:47,640 --> 02:59:50,080 TREATMENT OPTIONS TO SEE IF 4179 02:59:50,080 --> 02:59:52,200 USING GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS 4180 02:59:52,200 --> 02:59:54,720 COULD DELAY AND PREVENT AND 4181 02:59:54,720 --> 02:59:56,200 ALLEVIATE OR TREAT SUCH 4182 02:59:56,200 --> 02:59:56,600 CONDITIONS. 4183 02:59:56,600 --> 03:00:00,520 SO, THIS IS OCCURRING IF IN 4184 03:00:00,520 --> 03:00:02,480 PARALLEL ONE DAY POTENTIALLY 4185 03:00:02,480 --> 03:00:04,880 WITH THE TAME APPROACH THAT IS A 4186 03:00:04,880 --> 03:00:07,000 SECONDARY PREVENTION TRIAL AND 4187 03:00:07,000 --> 03:00:10,120 THIS IS NOT AN OR APPROACH BUT 4188 03:00:10,120 --> 03:00:12,520 AND APPROACH. 4189 03:00:12,520 --> 03:00:15,760 MANY OF THE TRIALS INVOLVE NOT 4190 03:00:15,760 --> 03:00:19,160 ONLY LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS BUT 4191 03:00:19,160 --> 03:00:20,800 REPURPOSED AGENTS AND NATURAL 4192 03:00:20,800 --> 03:00:22,760 PRODUCTS AND IN SOME CASES NEW 4193 03:00:22,760 --> 03:00:25,840 CHEMICAL ENTITIES. 4194 03:00:25,840 --> 03:00:29,920 AND BUT DOING THINGS IN PARALLEL 4195 03:00:29,920 --> 03:00:32,720 AND LOOKING AT GERODIAGNOSTICS I 4196 03:00:32,720 --> 03:00:35,120 CALL THEM AND OUTCOMES IN 4197 03:00:35,120 --> 03:00:36,160 PARALLEL. IT WAS MENTIONED 4198 03:00:36,160 --> 03:00:38,280 ALREADY THAT ONE OF THE FIRST 4199 03:00:38,280 --> 03:00:40,480 TRIALS THAT WE DID WAS, YOU 4200 03:00:40,480 --> 03:00:44,160 KNOW, I'M -- I'M FOCUSED TO SOME 4201 03:00:44,160 --> 03:00:46,640 EXTENT ON SENOLYTICS AND LOOKING 4202 03:00:46,640 --> 03:00:51,200 AT RANGE OF INTERVENTIONS -- 4203 03:00:51,200 --> 03:00:52,480 RESISTANCE EXERCISE THROUGH 4204 03:00:52,480 --> 03:00:55,840 SEARCH 1 AGONISTS TO METFORMIN 4205 03:00:55,840 --> 03:01:00,360 TO SENOLYTICS AND OTHER AGENTS 4206 03:01:00,360 --> 03:01:01,000 AND ANTIINFLAMMATORIES AND TRIAL 4207 03:01:01,000 --> 03:01:04,840 WAS MENTIONED AND EARLY PROOF OF 4208 03:01:04,840 --> 03:01:06,920 CONCEPT TRIAL AND WILL EMPHASIZE 4209 03:01:06,920 --> 03:01:08,800 TOO THERE IS CRITICISM ABOUT 4210 03:01:08,800 --> 03:01:10,960 MOVING QUICKLY INTO TRIALS AND 4211 03:01:10,960 --> 03:01:13,400 PEOPLE HAVE SAID THERE WAS A 4212 03:01:13,400 --> 03:01:14,720 PROBLEM WITH GENE THERAPY TRIALS 4213 03:01:14,720 --> 03:01:17,840 IN THE 1990S AND THAT WAS BASED 4214 03:01:17,840 --> 03:01:19,560 ON TAKING A RADICALLY NEW 4215 03:01:19,560 --> 03:01:20,760 APPROACH THAT HAD NEVER BEEN 4216 03:01:20,760 --> 03:01:23,520 USED IN HUMANS BEFORE AND HAVING 4217 03:01:23,520 --> 03:01:24,560 A DISASTER OCCUR. 4218 03:01:24,560 --> 03:01:27,120 HERE WHAT WE ARE DOING IS TAKING 4219 03:01:27,120 --> 03:01:29,080 AGENTS OR INTERVENTIONS ALREADY 4220 03:01:29,080 --> 03:01:32,840 PROVEN TO BE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE 4221 03:01:32,840 --> 03:01:35,200 IN OTHER SITUATIONS IN HUMANS 4222 03:01:35,200 --> 03:01:37,800 LOOKING AT THEM IN CONTEXT OF 4223 03:01:37,800 --> 03:01:43,240 VERY SERIOUS DISEASES AND 4224 03:01:43,240 --> 03:01:50,600 DISORDERS FIRST IN HUMAN TRIAL 4225 03:01:50,600 --> 03:01:51,920 SENOLYTICS PULMONARY FIBROSIS 4226 03:01:51,920 --> 03:01:53,600 PHASE 1 TRIAL AND TAKING 4227 03:01:53,600 --> 03:01:56,360 EVERYTHING WITH A GRAIN OF SALT 4228 03:01:56,360 --> 03:01:58,960 AND IN OPEN LABEL TRIAL WITH 4229 03:01:58,960 --> 03:02:00,480 PLACEBO EFFECTS THAT OCCUR MIGHT 4230 03:02:00,480 --> 03:02:03,880 BE IMPACT ON FRAILTY PARAMETERS 4231 03:02:03,880 --> 03:02:07,360 LEADING TO PHASE 2 TRIALS THAT 4232 03:02:07,360 --> 03:02:11,600 HOPEFULLY WILL BEGIN AND IS 4233 03:02:11,600 --> 03:02:13,240 MENTIONED IN TRIAL LOOKING AT 4234 03:02:13,240 --> 03:02:16,880 FAT BIOPSIES TRIALS AT DAY 0 AND 4235 03:02:16,880 --> 03:02:19,080 14 AND SENOLYTIC COMBINATION 4236 03:02:19,080 --> 03:02:21,320 GIVEN 3 DAYS FROM DAY 0 TO 1 AND 4237 03:02:21,320 --> 03:02:23,640 2 AND SEEING IF TARGET 4238 03:02:23,640 --> 03:02:24,760 ENGAGEMENTS AND TRIALS WILL LOOK 4239 03:02:24,760 --> 03:02:26,880 AT TARGET ENGAGEMENT AND THIS 4240 03:02:26,880 --> 03:02:29,520 HAS A SHORT ELIMINATION HALF 4241 03:02:29,520 --> 03:02:32,480 LIFE AND REASON IT WAS CHOSEN 4242 03:02:32,480 --> 03:02:35,360 FOR TRIALS AND SARCKINDASE 4243 03:02:35,360 --> 03:02:37,920 INHIBITOR AND UNLIKE OTHER TIRO 4244 03:02:37,920 --> 03:02:40,520 SEEN KINDASE INHIBITORS THAT 4245 03:02:40,520 --> 03:02:43,240 SELECTIVELY KILLS CERTAIN KINDS 4246 03:02:43,240 --> 03:02:46,880 OF SENESCENCE CELLS AND HAS 4247 03:02:46,880 --> 03:02:47,640 LONGER ELIMINATION HALF 4248 03:02:47,640 --> 03:02:49,800 LIFEAROUND 11 HOURS THAT IS 4249 03:02:49,800 --> 03:02:52,480 OFTEN GIVEN IN CONJUNCTION WITH 4250 03:02:52,480 --> 03:02:55,680 TREATING LEUKEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS 4251 03:02:55,680 --> 03:02:59,280 THAT HAS PROPERTIES REDUCING 4252 03:02:59,280 --> 03:03:00,320 POTENTIAL SIDE-EFFECTS AND IT 4253 03:03:00,320 --> 03:03:02,960 ALSO IS SENOLYTIC BUT ONLY IN 4254 03:03:02,960 --> 03:03:07,160 THE CASE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. 4255 03:03:07,160 --> 03:03:09,400 COMBINATION KILLS A BROADER 4256 03:03:09,400 --> 03:03:12,400 RANGE OF SENESCENCE CELL TYPES 4257 03:03:12,400 --> 03:03:13,880 AND EMPHASIZE AGENTS ARE LONG 4258 03:03:13,880 --> 03:03:17,360 CLEARED FROM POPULATION AND ARE 4259 03:03:17,360 --> 03:03:23,320 LONG CLEARED BY 14 DAYS AFTER 11 4260 03:03:23,320 --> 03:03:25,360 DAYS AFTER LAST DOSE OF THE 4261 03:03:25,360 --> 03:03:27,560 DRUGS GIVEN LONGEST ELIMINATION 4262 03:03:27,560 --> 03:03:30,160 HALF LIFE AND 11 HOURS AND 4263 03:03:30,160 --> 03:03:33,200 COMPLETELY GONE FROM SYSTEM 4264 03:03:33,200 --> 03:03:41,080 WITHIN 33 HOURS DECREASE IN 4265 03:03:41,080 --> 03:03:43,080 INFLAMMATION AND ADIPOSE TISSUE, 4266 03:03:43,080 --> 03:03:46,040 ET CETERA AND THERE IS 41 TRIALS 4267 03:03:46,040 --> 03:03:50,040 CURRENTLY UNDERWAY AND THEY ARE 4268 03:03:50,040 --> 03:03:50,680 BEING DONE IN PARALLEL RATHER 4269 03:03:50,680 --> 03:03:52,160 THAN IN SERIES AND DON'T THINK 4270 03:03:52,160 --> 03:03:53,600 MY CLOCK IS WORKING EITHER AND 4271 03:03:53,600 --> 03:04:00,280 DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH TIME I HAVE 4272 03:04:00,280 --> 03:04:01,560 THESE TRIALS RANGE FOR 4273 03:04:01,560 --> 03:04:02,920 CONDITIONS AND I WILL EXPLAIN A 4274 03:04:02,920 --> 03:04:04,720 FEW OF THEM FROM DISEASES AND 4275 03:04:04,720 --> 03:04:07,960 DISORDERS IN YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS 4276 03:04:07,960 --> 03:04:11,720 TO THE ELDERLY AND I MENTIONED 4277 03:04:11,720 --> 03:04:13,720 THAT TRIALS ARE FUNDED BY 4278 03:04:13,720 --> 03:04:17,520 VARIOUS GRANTS FROM NIH OR OTHER 4279 03:04:17,520 --> 03:04:20,960 GRO 4280 03:04:20,960 --> 03:04:21,200 GROUPS. 4281 03:04:21,200 --> 03:04:22,960 THE NETWORK PROVIDES 4282 03:04:22,960 --> 03:04:24,120 INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOING THROUGH 4283 03:04:24,120 --> 03:04:33,840 A FEW UNDERWAY AT THE MOECHLT 4284 03:04:33,840 --> 03:04:35,680 SURVIVORS TRIAL IS IN 4285 03:04:35,680 --> 03:04:39,720 COLLABORATION WITH ST. JUDE AND 4286 03:04:39,720 --> 03:04:41,120 ACCELERATED AGINGLIKE STATE 4287 03:04:41,120 --> 03:04:43,200 DEVELOPED IN CHILDREN WHO HAVE 4288 03:04:43,200 --> 03:04:45,920 HAD CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION 4289 03:04:45,920 --> 03:04:48,960 BEFORE AGE OF 10 IN LEUKEMIAS 4290 03:04:48,960 --> 03:04:51,160 AND CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE 4291 03:04:51,160 --> 03:04:54,640 ACCELERATED AGING STATE THAT IS 4292 03:04:54,640 --> 03:04:56,800 TYPICALLY MANIFESTED BETWEEN 4293 03:04:56,800 --> 03:05:00,600 AGES 30 AND 45 THEY ARE DYING OF 4294 03:05:00,600 --> 03:05:03,840 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AGE 30 AND 4295 03:05:03,840 --> 03:05:06,600 40 AND THEY HAVE OSTEOPOROSIS 4296 03:05:06,600 --> 03:05:09,240 AND ARE FRAIL AND LOOK 70 YEARS 4297 03:05:09,240 --> 03:05:11,440 OLD AND ST. JUDE'S GROUP DID 4298 03:05:11,440 --> 03:05:14,920 SKIN BIOPSIES ON PEOPLE AND 4299 03:05:14,920 --> 03:05:16,920 RELATED TO SENESCENCE CELL 4300 03:05:16,920 --> 03:05:22,360 BURDEN AND NCI FUNDED TRIAL TO 4301 03:05:22,360 --> 03:05:24,240 PLACEBO IN CHILDHOOD CANCER 4302 03:05:24,240 --> 03:05:27,000 SURVIVORS TO SEE IF WE ARE ABLE 4303 03:05:27,000 --> 03:05:31,000 TO IMPROVE FRAILTY PARAMETERS 4304 03:05:31,000 --> 03:05:35,320 ESPECIALLY GAIT SPEED. 4305 03:05:35,320 --> 03:05:37,680 ANOTHER SET OF TRIALS ARE 4306 03:05:37,680 --> 03:05:39,280 DEVELOPED AND UNDERWAY AND 4307 03:05:39,280 --> 03:05:42,920 LOOKING AT 1, 2 PUNCH APPROACH 4308 03:05:42,920 --> 03:05:46,320 THAT NCI ES SUPPOSED ALTERNATING 4309 03:05:46,320 --> 03:05:49,040 THROUGH EXAMPLE THERAPEUTICS AND 4310 03:05:49,040 --> 03:05:51,080 CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION FOR 4311 03:05:51,080 --> 03:05:52,280 TREATMENTS OF SEVERE CANCERS AND 4312 03:05:52,280 --> 03:05:55,200 ONE OF THE TRIALS THAT IS ABOUT 4313 03:05:55,200 --> 03:05:58,520 TO BEGIN IS SORT OF AN EMERGENCY 4314 03:05:58,520 --> 03:06:00,400 TRIAL FOR BLASTOMA 4315 03:06:00,400 --> 03:06:01,000 MULTI[INDISCERNIBLE] AND ONE 4316 03:06:01,000 --> 03:06:02,240 THING THAT OCCURS WITH THIS 4317 03:06:02,240 --> 03:06:04,200 TUMOR THAT I HATE AS A PHYSICIAN 4318 03:06:04,200 --> 03:06:08,080 AND IF IT IS GRADE 4 OR 5 IT IS 4319 03:06:08,080 --> 03:06:10,080 A DEATH SENTENCE BASICALLY 4320 03:06:10,080 --> 03:06:12,920 GIVING PEOPLE RADIATION AND 4321 03:06:12,920 --> 03:06:14,520 CHEMOTHERAPY AND I'M CANADIAN 4322 03:06:14,520 --> 03:06:16,960 AND TMZ THEY CALL IT HERE AND 4323 03:06:16,960 --> 03:06:18,560 ONLY ADVANCE IN DISEASE SINCE 4324 03:06:18,560 --> 03:06:21,760 2005 ADDING A MONTH TO LIFE 4325 03:06:21,760 --> 03:06:22,880 EXPECTANCY AND OFTEN PEOPLE LOOK 4326 03:06:22,880 --> 03:06:24,320 CURED AFTER THEY HAVE SURGERY 4327 03:06:24,320 --> 03:06:27,880 AND CHEMOAND RADIATION AND 4328 03:06:27,880 --> 03:06:29,440 TUMORS INVARIABLY COME BACK AND 4329 03:06:29,440 --> 03:06:30,960 THEY ARE MUCH WORSE WHEN THEY 4330 03:06:30,960 --> 03:06:34,520 COME BACK AND ARE RADIATION AND 4331 03:06:34,520 --> 03:06:37,040 CHEMORESISTANT AND LOCALLY 4332 03:06:37,040 --> 03:06:38,560 INVASIVE THAN AT THE INITIAL 4333 03:06:38,560 --> 03:06:40,040 ROUND OF TREATMENT. 4334 03:06:40,040 --> 03:06:42,360 SO, THE INTENT OF THE TRIAL 4335 03:06:42,360 --> 03:06:44,480 BASED ON PRECLINICAL STUDIES 4336 03:06:44,480 --> 03:06:48,320 SHOWING THAT IF YOU GIVE CHEMOOR 4337 03:06:48,320 --> 03:06:50,280 RADIATION TO A BLASTOMA MODEL 4338 03:06:50,280 --> 03:06:52,200 AND CULTURE MODELS AND OTHER 4339 03:06:52,200 --> 03:06:54,560 KINDS OF MODELS, YOU INDUCE AS 4340 03:06:54,560 --> 03:06:58,240 YOU DO WITH OTHER CANCERS NOT 4341 03:06:58,240 --> 03:07:01,600 ONLY NECKOSIS AND APOPTOSIS IN 4342 03:07:01,600 --> 03:07:04,840 CANCER CELLS BUT INDUCE 4343 03:07:04,840 --> 03:07:07,760 SENESCENCE AND CANCER HARBORING 4344 03:07:07,760 --> 03:07:10,280 SENESCENCE CELLS TO ESCAPE AND 4345 03:07:10,280 --> 03:07:11,920 STRONG ONES IN THE AUDIENCE 4346 03:07:11,920 --> 03:07:13,880 NOTING THAT ELEMENTS AND 4347 03:07:13,880 --> 03:07:15,960 TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS CAN OCCUR 4348 03:07:15,960 --> 03:07:17,080 AFTER SENESCENCE HAS BEEN 4349 03:07:17,080 --> 03:07:19,360 SITTING AROUND A WHILE AND CELLS 4350 03:07:19,360 --> 03:07:22,080 GET EXTENSIVE MUTATION OCCURRING 4351 03:07:22,080 --> 03:07:25,120 AND ESCAPING SENESCENCE AND 4352 03:07:25,120 --> 03:07:27,160 COMING BACK AS THERAPY RESISTANT 4353 03:07:27,160 --> 03:07:28,920 CANCER AND IDEA OF THE TRIAL IS 4354 03:07:28,920 --> 03:07:32,520 TRYING TO DURING PHASE OF 4355 03:07:32,520 --> 03:07:34,160 REMISSION TO KILL THERAPY 4356 03:07:34,160 --> 03:07:36,440 INDUCED SENESCENCE CELLS 4357 03:07:36,440 --> 03:07:37,480 HOPEFULLY EXTENDING PERIOD OF 4358 03:07:37,480 --> 03:07:39,520 REMISSION AND NEW CLASS OF DRUGS 4359 03:07:39,520 --> 03:07:42,920 I CAN'T GO INTO MUCH DETAIL IN A 4360 03:07:42,920 --> 03:07:46,240 MOMENT THAT ARE SEINO 4361 03:07:46,240 --> 03:07:47,480 SENSITIZERS THAT MAY EXTEND 4362 03:07:47,480 --> 03:07:48,400 RESULTS OF THIS THING FURTHER 4363 03:07:48,400 --> 03:07:51,120 AND PARTICULARLY IN CASE OF 4364 03:07:51,120 --> 03:07:51,960 TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER 4365 03:07:51,960 --> 03:07:55,680 AND NCI HAD A COUPLE MAJOR 4366 03:07:55,680 --> 03:07:57,520 MEETINGS IN -- THAT WERE 4367 03:07:57,520 --> 03:08:00,320 PUBLISHED IN JNCI TALKING ABOUT 4368 03:08:00,320 --> 03:08:01,400 1, 2 PUNCH APPROACH FOR 4369 03:08:01,400 --> 03:08:03,560 TREATMENT OF CANCER AND NOT ONLY 4370 03:08:03,560 --> 03:08:07,160 TALKING ABOUT IN PREVIOUS 4371 03:08:07,160 --> 03:08:08,360 SESSIONS TALKED ABOUT MINA 4372 03:08:08,360 --> 03:08:12,520 TALKED AND I DID ABOUT ST. JUDE 4373 03:08:12,520 --> 03:08:16,480 TRIAL EFFECTS OF CANCERS BUT 4374 03:08:16,480 --> 03:08:17,880 TREATING CANCERS WITH SOME OF 4375 03:08:17,880 --> 03:08:18,840 THESE AGENTS. 4376 03:08:18,840 --> 03:08:20,680 THERE ARE ALSO TRIALS AND, 4377 03:08:20,680 --> 03:08:24,280 AGAIN, I APOLOGIZE FOR FOCUSING 4378 03:08:24,280 --> 03:08:26,000 ON SENOLYTIC SURGE AND LOTS OF 4379 03:08:26,000 --> 03:08:29,280 TRIALS WITHOUT SENOLYTICS ACROSS 4380 03:08:29,280 --> 03:08:32,480 THE NETWORK AND SEVERAL TRIALS 4381 03:08:32,480 --> 03:08:34,920 STOMP AD TRIALS AND 4382 03:08:34,920 --> 03:08:36,080 [INDISCERNIBLE] FUNDED BY 4383 03:08:36,080 --> 03:08:39,360 ALZHEIMER'S ASSOCIATION AND 4384 03:08:39,360 --> 03:08:43,280 LOOKING AT TRYING BASED ON SOME 4385 03:08:43,280 --> 03:08:45,200 FIVE DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS AND 4386 03:08:45,200 --> 03:08:48,000 ALL THAT ARE PRETTY POOR 4387 03:08:48,000 --> 03:08:50,400 REFLECTION OF ALZHEIMER'S 4388 03:08:50,400 --> 03:08:54,200 DISEASE THAT OCCURS IN HUMANS 4389 03:08:54,200 --> 03:08:57,440 AND MAYBE GREAT APES. THERE ARE 4390 03:08:57,440 --> 03:08:59,080 TRIALS UNDERWAY AND EARLY 4391 03:08:59,080 --> 03:09:00,960 EVIDENCE IN TRIALS LOOKING AT 4392 03:09:00,960 --> 03:09:02,800 CSF THERE IS TARGET ENGAGEMENT 4393 03:09:02,800 --> 03:09:05,360 WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF 4394 03:09:05,360 --> 03:09:06,920 SENOLYTICS LOOKING AT THINGS 4395 03:09:06,920 --> 03:09:08,560 LIKE VARIOUS FORMS OF TAL YENTS 4396 03:09:08,560 --> 03:09:11,040 AND SO FORTH IN CSF AND LOOKS 4397 03:09:11,040 --> 03:09:13,080 LIKE A SAFETY SIGNAL AND TRIALS 4398 03:09:13,080 --> 03:09:14,760 ARE BLINDED AND UNDERWAY AND WE 4399 03:09:14,760 --> 03:09:17,960 DON'T KNOW ALL OF THE RESULTS. 4400 03:09:17,960 --> 03:09:19,680 THERE IS SEVERAL TRIALS UNDER 4401 03:09:19,680 --> 03:09:27,440 WAY FOR CORONAVIRUS A TRIAL IS 4402 03:09:27,440 --> 03:09:29,360 WELL COMPLETE NOW FOR HOSPITAL 4403 03:09:29,360 --> 03:09:33,840 PATIENTS FOR CORONAVIRUS AND 4404 03:09:33,840 --> 03:09:36,680 OUTPATIENTS AND ANOTHER IS 4405 03:09:36,680 --> 03:09:40,720 FUNDED BY NIA IN CORONAVIRUS AND 4406 03:09:40,720 --> 03:09:44,040 KNOW THAT SENESCENCE CELLS 4407 03:09:44,040 --> 03:09:46,320 UPREGULATE -- THEY DOWNREGULATE 4408 03:09:46,320 --> 03:09:48,760 I FIT M2 AND 3 WHICH ARE VIRAL 4409 03:09:48,760 --> 03:09:53,680 DEFENSE PROTEINS IN NEARBY 4410 03:09:53,680 --> 03:09:54,600 NONSENESCENCE CELLS THAT ARE 4411 03:09:54,600 --> 03:09:56,800 INFECTED ABOUT I CORONAVIRUS AND 4412 03:09:56,800 --> 03:09:59,240 3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO TAKE UP 4413 03:09:59,240 --> 03:10:02,640 THAN OTHER CELLS AND CAN INDUCE 4414 03:10:02,640 --> 03:10:04,480 SENESCENCE THROUGH TRL3 AND 4415 03:10:04,480 --> 03:10:05,760 LOOKS LIKE THROUGH WORK THAT 4416 03:10:05,760 --> 03:10:08,320 ARE. NA VIRUSES ARE MUTATED 4417 03:10:08,320 --> 03:10:12,800 WITHIN SENESCENCE CELLS AND SOME 4418 03:10:12,800 --> 03:10:15,680 VARIANTS DEVELOPED THROUGH 4419 03:10:15,680 --> 03:10:18,880 SENESCENCE CELLS SUSCEPTIBLE TO 4420 03:10:18,880 --> 03:10:20,840 COMPLICATIONS OF THIS VIRUS AND 4421 03:10:20,840 --> 03:10:22,400 HAVE PREVIOUS CHEMOTHERAPY AND 4422 03:10:22,400 --> 03:10:27,960 HAVE COPD OR A** MA AND 4423 03:10:27,960 --> 03:10:33,240 ENCOURAGING LYSTHMA AND 4424 03:10:33,240 --> 03:10:39,800 ENCOURAGING LY -- IN 76 VERSUS 2 4425 03:10:39,800 --> 03:10:42,600 STANDARD CARE AND 18 TO 80 YEAR 4426 03:10:42,600 --> 03:10:44,640 OLD COVID POSITIVE OUTPATIENTS 4427 03:10:44,640 --> 03:10:46,120 OPEN LABEL TRIAL THAT WAS 4428 03:10:46,120 --> 03:10:49,280 RANDOMIZED AND LOOKED LIKE A 4429 03:10:49,280 --> 03:10:50,760 SUBSTANTIAL DECREASE IN 4430 03:10:50,760 --> 03:10:52,520 HOSPITALIZATIONS AND PERCENT OF 4431 03:10:52,520 --> 03:10:54,560 PATIENTS NEEDING OXYGEN AND ICU 4432 03:10:54,560 --> 03:10:57,280 CARE AND CURRENT TRIALS ARE 4433 03:10:57,280 --> 03:10:58,640 PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIALS USING 4434 03:10:58,640 --> 03:11:03,720 A RELATED FLAFINNOID OR FLAFIN 4435 03:11:03,720 --> 03:11:06,040 OL ONE HYDRAULIC GROUP DIFFERENT 4436 03:11:06,040 --> 03:11:10,240 FROM [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 4437 03:11:10,240 --> 03:11:11,960 ADVANTAGE OF IT IS MUCH -- 4438 03:11:11,960 --> 03:11:13,920 ELIMINATION HALF LIFE AND BRIEF 4439 03:11:13,920 --> 03:11:16,640 EXPOSURE TO SENOLYTICS TO KILL 4440 03:11:16,640 --> 03:11:18,720 SENESCENCE CELLS TAKES A WEEK OR 4441 03:11:18,720 --> 03:11:21,280 2 TO REFORM AND GIVING DRUGS HIT 4442 03:11:21,280 --> 03:11:23,320 AND RUN MANNER. TRIALS UNDERWAY 4443 03:11:23,320 --> 03:11:26,480 TO LOOK AT TRYING TO 4444 03:11:26,480 --> 03:11:28,080 REHABILITATE ORGANS FROM OLDER 4445 03:11:28,080 --> 03:11:30,080 DONORS TO TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS 4446 03:11:30,080 --> 03:11:35,040 AND WORK WE DID WITH A GROUP AT 4447 03:11:35,040 --> 03:11:37,280 BRIG AM SHOWING IF YOU TREAT 4448 03:11:37,280 --> 03:11:39,720 DONORS, HEARTS OR RECIPIENTS IN 4449 03:11:39,720 --> 03:11:41,520 CASE OF YOUNG ANIMALS 4450 03:11:41,520 --> 03:11:44,480 TRANSPLANTED FROM HEARTS FROM 4451 03:11:44,480 --> 03:11:47,600 OLDER DONORS YOU CAN REDUCE 4452 03:11:47,600 --> 03:11:50,000 MORTALITY AND SENESCENCE FROM 4453 03:11:50,000 --> 03:11:52,120 TRANSPLANTED HEART TO YOUNGER 4454 03:11:52,120 --> 03:11:55,360 RECIPIENT WE ARE THROWING AWAY 4455 03:11:55,360 --> 03:11:58,400 35,000 KIDNEYS IN THE US FROM 4456 03:11:58,400 --> 03:12:01,520 PEOPLE THAT DIED OVER 50 OR DIED 4457 03:12:01,520 --> 03:12:04,440 IN A CAR CRASH WE ARE TRYING TO 4458 03:12:04,440 --> 03:12:12,520 REHABILITATE THOSE ORGANS TO BE 4459 03:12:12,520 --> 03:12:15,280 USED -- YOU CAN REDUCE AMOUNT OF 4460 03:12:15,280 --> 03:12:17,400 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION YOU GIVE AND 4461 03:12:17,400 --> 03:12:19,360 TRIALS UNDERWAY IN HOLLAND 4462 03:12:19,360 --> 03:12:23,560 TRYING TO LOOK TO REHABILITATE 4463 03:12:23,560 --> 03:12:24,480 LIVER FOR TRANSPLANTATIONS AND 4464 03:12:24,480 --> 03:12:26,440 OTHER TRIALS WITH OTHER ORGANS 4465 03:12:26,440 --> 03:12:29,320 AND ANOTHER THING WE ARE TRYING 4466 03:12:29,320 --> 03:12:35,400 TO DO IS A CROSS TRANSLATIONAL 4467 03:12:35,400 --> 03:12:41,840 GEROSCIENCE NETWORK AND ASSAYS 4468 03:12:41,840 --> 03:12:45,200 ARE PAID FOR BY INDIVIDUAL 4469 03:12:45,200 --> 03:12:45,440 TRIALS. 4470 03:12:45,440 --> 03:12:47,960 WE HAD A MEETING A YEAR AGO AND 4471 03:12:47,960 --> 03:12:49,080 I'M RUNNING OUT OF TIME AND 4472 03:12:49,080 --> 03:12:51,080 WON'T BE ABLE TO GO THROUGH 4473 03:12:51,080 --> 03:12:52,480 EVERYTHING. BUT, IT WAS WHERE 4474 03:12:52,480 --> 03:12:55,240 WE MET WITH THE FDA AND ELEMENTS 4475 03:12:55,240 --> 03:12:58,880 OF THE NIH AND ALSO VARIOUS 4476 03:12:58,880 --> 03:13:01,360 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES 4477 03:13:01,360 --> 03:13:04,480 ANDACDEMIA. AND IT LOOKS LIKE 4478 03:13:04,480 --> 03:13:06,720 THERE ARE ABOUT 9 CRITERIA 4479 03:13:06,720 --> 03:13:10,160 HAVING TO BE MET TO BE TAKEN AS 4480 03:13:10,160 --> 03:13:14,320 A SURROGATE ENDPOINT LOOKING 4481 03:13:14,320 --> 03:13:15,400 BEYOND BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS AND 4482 03:13:15,400 --> 03:13:18,960 RESPONSE TO INTERVENTIONS TO BE 4483 03:13:18,960 --> 03:13:21,480 USED TO SELECT BEST GEROSCIENCE 4484 03:13:21,480 --> 03:13:23,080 INTERVENTIONS AND RIGHT TIMING 4485 03:13:23,080 --> 03:13:24,560 LOOKING FOR RESPONSES TO 4486 03:13:24,560 --> 03:13:27,200 TREATMENT AND COME UP WITH 4487 03:13:27,200 --> 03:13:28,680 COMPOSITE SCORES AND SIGNATURES 4488 03:13:28,680 --> 03:13:31,840 TO BE MINIATURIZED TURNING TO 4489 03:13:31,840 --> 03:13:33,640 BLOOD AND URINE TEST TO BE USED 4490 03:13:33,640 --> 03:13:36,280 FOR POINT OF CARE AND LIFESTYLE 4491 03:13:36,280 --> 03:13:37,640 INTERVENTIONS TO RE-ENFORCE 4492 03:13:37,640 --> 03:13:38,880 WHETHER SOMETHING IS WORKING FOR 4493 03:13:38,880 --> 03:13:40,640 A PATIENT OR NOT THAT IS 4494 03:13:40,640 --> 03:13:43,200 EFFECTIVE IN DIABETES PEOPLE 4495 03:13:43,200 --> 03:13:44,960 MEASURING OWN BLOOD SUGARS 4496 03:13:44,960 --> 03:13:48,480 CAREFUL ABOUT DIETS AND BLOOD 4497 03:13:48,480 --> 03:13:52,040 INSULIN AND PATIENTS SEEING THAT 4498 03:13:52,040 --> 03:13:53,600 PREDICTS PROBLEM YOU ARE LIKELY 4499 03:13:53,600 --> 03:13:55,080 TO HAVE LIFESTYLE WITH 4500 03:13:55,080 --> 03:13:56,640 INTERVENTION AND TRACKING WITH 4501 03:13:56,640 --> 03:13:58,320 BIOLOGICAL AGE WILL NOT MAKE IT 4502 03:13:58,320 --> 03:14:02,480 PART OF COMPOSITE SCORE AND 4503 03:14:02,480 --> 03:14:04,400 GDF15 BEING AN EXAMPLE THAT IS 4504 03:14:04,400 --> 03:14:06,320 PROTECTIVE FACTOR RISING IN 4505 03:14:06,320 --> 03:14:08,080 RESPONSE TO VARIOUS KINDS OF 4506 03:14:08,080 --> 03:14:10,120 DAMAGE AND TENDS TO PREDICT 4507 03:14:10,120 --> 03:14:12,240 THINGS LIKE SARCOPENIA AND GOES 4508 03:14:12,240 --> 03:14:16,240 UP FURTHER IF TREATING WITH 4509 03:14:16,240 --> 03:14:17,160 METFORMIN AND GOES IN WRONG 4510 03:14:17,160 --> 03:14:19,800 DIRECTION BECAUSE IT IS A 4511 03:14:19,800 --> 03:14:21,760 PROTECTIVE FACTOR WON'T MEET FDA 4512 03:14:21,760 --> 03:14:22,760 CRITERIA. 4513 03:14:22,760 --> 03:14:25,360 WE HAVE DEVELOPED EARLY 4514 03:14:25,360 --> 03:14:26,640 COMPOSITE OR SCORES USED IN 4515 03:14:26,640 --> 03:14:29,440 THESE TRIALS THAT SEEM TO TRACK 4516 03:14:29,440 --> 03:14:32,120 TREATMENT WITH VARIOUS AGENTS. 4517 03:14:32,120 --> 03:14:34,080 WE ARE FINDING FACTORS THAT ARE 4518 03:14:34,080 --> 03:14:37,360 -- YOU KNOW, THROUGH THIS 4519 03:14:37,360 --> 03:14:39,600 UNITARY FAIRY FUNDAMENTAL AGING 4520 03:14:39,600 --> 03:14:42,280 PROCESSES THAT ARE INTERLINKED 4521 03:14:42,280 --> 03:14:43,160 TREATING SOMETHING GETTING RID 4522 03:14:43,160 --> 03:14:45,560 OF BAD THINGS YOU GET 4523 03:14:45,560 --> 03:14:48,400 UPREGULATION OF GOOD THINGS AND 4524 03:14:48,400 --> 03:14:52,560 20 OUT OF 20 PATIENTS FIBROSIS 4525 03:14:52,560 --> 03:14:55,360 TRIAL -- FOLLOWING TREATMENT 4526 03:14:55,360 --> 03:14:58,640 WITH SENOLYTICS IN EVERY SINGLE 4527 03:14:58,640 --> 03:15:01,360 PAGIOENT AND IT IS PRODUCED IN 4528 03:15:01,360 --> 03:15:03,960 THE BRAIN AND FAT TISSUE 4529 03:15:03,960 --> 03:15:05,960 GEROPROTECTIVE FACTOR GOING DOWN 4530 03:15:05,960 --> 03:15:10,000 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- IF YOU 4531 03:15:10,000 --> 03:15:12,880 TREAT ANIMALS WITH VARIOUS 4532 03:15:12,880 --> 03:15:16,680 THINGS JERO PROTECTIVE INCLUDING 4533 03:15:16,680 --> 03:15:18,280 CLOTHO RESTRICTION CLOTH GOES UP 4534 03:15:18,280 --> 03:15:21,120 AND USEFUL IN DENOMINATOR 4535 03:15:21,120 --> 03:15:23,560 CREATING RATIOS FOR FACTORS 4536 03:15:23,560 --> 03:15:25,760 DON'T WANT TO EXPRESS AS 4537 03:15:25,760 --> 03:15:28,000 FUNCTION OF CREATININE AND 4538 03:15:28,000 --> 03:15:30,440 MUSCLE MASS DOING THINGS IN 4539 03:15:30,440 --> 03:15:32,440 EUROPE AND DETRIMENTAL FACTORS. 4540 03:15:32,440 --> 03:15:36,920 SO, I WON'T GO THROUGH ALL 4541 03:15:36,920 --> 03:15:38,840 ANOLITES BEING MEASURED 4542 03:15:38,840 --> 03:15:40,080 MEASURING HUNDREDS OF THEM IN 4543 03:15:40,080 --> 03:15:43,120 BLOOD AND URINE AND TAKING 4544 03:15:43,120 --> 03:15:45,120 BUNKLE SWABS AND NAIL AND HAIR 4545 03:15:45,120 --> 03:15:48,360 CLIPPINGS AND MICROFECAL AND 4546 03:15:48,360 --> 03:15:50,760 SKIN MICROBIOME AND VARIETY OF 4547 03:15:50,760 --> 03:15:52,600 PRIMERS AS WELL AS STANDARDIZING 4548 03:15:52,600 --> 03:15:54,880 KIND OF TESTING THAT IS BEING 4549 03:15:54,880 --> 03:15:57,720 DONE FOR VARIOUS THINGS LIKE 4550 03:15:57,720 --> 03:15:59,960 COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ECG 4551 03:15:59,960 --> 03:16:00,680 INTERPRETATION, ET CETERA ACROSS 4552 03:16:00,680 --> 03:16:03,240 ALL TRIALS TRYING TO PUT THIS 4553 03:16:03,240 --> 03:16:04,480 TOGETHER AND COMING UP WITH 4554 03:16:04,480 --> 03:16:07,560 SIGNATURES WE COULD USE THROUGH 4555 03:16:07,560 --> 03:16:13,840 AIM 3 OF TRANSLATION AL 4556 03:16:13,840 --> 03:16:16,120 GEROSCIENCE AND MEASURING 35 4557 03:16:16,120 --> 03:16:18,360 THINGS IN URINE AND SALIVA AND 4558 03:16:18,360 --> 03:16:20,160 CSF WHEN WE CAN GET IT AND FINAL 4559 03:16:20,160 --> 03:16:22,920 BIT I WILL SAY WE HAVE MANAGE BY 4560 03:16:22,920 --> 03:16:25,440 STEVE WHO IS A CENTRAL 4561 03:16:25,440 --> 03:16:26,840 DIAGNOSTIC KIND OF GROUP AND 4562 03:16:26,840 --> 03:16:29,040 STEVE CAN SPEAK TO THIS LATER. 4563 03:16:29,040 --> 03:16:31,400 HE MADE SOME OF THESE POINTS AND 4564 03:16:31,400 --> 03:16:34,000 THROUGH JORNL WE ARE BIOBANKING 4565 03:16:34,000 --> 03:16:35,880 SAMPLES AND IT IS LOOKING 4566 03:16:35,880 --> 03:16:37,200 INCREASINGLY LIKE IT WILL BE 4567 03:16:37,200 --> 03:16:40,040 ABLE TO USE BIOBANK AND FRED 4568 03:16:40,040 --> 03:16:42,080 RICK RUN BY NIH. 4569 03:16:42,080 --> 03:16:44,320 SO, GS I KNOW I'M OUT OF TIME. 4570 03:16:44,320 --> 03:16:46,280 I WILL MENTION EXCITING TRIALS 4571 03:16:46,280 --> 03:16:48,080 THAT ARE COMING ALONG. 4572 03:16:48,080 --> 03:16:50,440 ONE OF THEM THAT IS BEING 4573 03:16:50,440 --> 03:16:52,440 DEVELOPED AND THROUGH WHICH WE 4574 03:16:52,440 --> 03:16:57,760 HAVE GOTTEN A GRANT IS FOR DOWN 4575 03:16:57,760 --> 03:16:59,160 SYNDROME SENESCENCE DRIVEN 4576 03:16:59,160 --> 03:17:01,360 DISORDER AND IT LOOKS LIKE IT IS 4577 03:17:01,360 --> 03:17:05,040 HOW CHROMOSOMES ARE ANCHORED TO 4578 03:17:05,040 --> 03:17:06,360 NUCLEAR ENVELOPE AND HOW THEY 4579 03:17:06,360 --> 03:17:08,440 TOUCH EACH OTHER BEYOND 4580 03:17:08,440 --> 03:17:10,280 EPIGENETICS AND IT IS RELATED TO 4581 03:17:10,280 --> 03:17:13,480 THIS AND SCLERO DERMATHERE IS 4582 03:17:13,480 --> 03:17:15,160 GOOD EFTDZ THAT MANY 4583 03:17:15,160 --> 03:17:17,360 RHEUMATOLOGISTS ARE USING THIS 4584 03:17:17,360 --> 03:17:20,480 TREATMENT FOR SCLERO 4585 03:17:20,480 --> 03:17:23,520 DERMASENESCENCE -- THE 4586 03:17:23,520 --> 03:17:25,040 CONFERENCE THAT OCCURRED IN 4587 03:17:25,040 --> 03:17:27,960 BOSTON LAST YEAR 25% OF RUM 4588 03:17:27,960 --> 03:17:28,800 TOLLSES ARE USING 4589 03:17:28,800 --> 03:17:31,400 [INDISCERNIBLE] FOR TREATING 4590 03:17:31,400 --> 03:17:33,480 SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS THAT IS FATAL 4591 03:17:33,480 --> 03:17:35,680 CAUSING DEATH THROUGH CARDIAC 4592 03:17:35,680 --> 03:17:37,080 FIBROSIS AND RENAL DISEASE AND 4593 03:17:37,080 --> 03:17:43,400 TRIALS ARE BEING PLANNED FOR 4594 03:17:43,400 --> 03:17:44,040 PREECOLLAPSIA SENESCENCE DRIVEN 4595 03:17:44,040 --> 03:17:46,840 DISORDER AND TO MOTHER ARE 4596 03:17:46,840 --> 03:17:47,640 BASICALLY TRANSMISSION AND THERE 4597 03:17:47,640 --> 03:17:51,080 ARE TRIALS BEGINNING FOR CHRONIC 4598 03:17:51,080 --> 03:17:54,680 WOUND HEALING AND CARPAL TUNNEL 4599 03:17:54,680 --> 03:17:56,320 SYNDROME AND SPACE TRAVEL IN 4600 03:17:56,320 --> 03:17:57,560 CONJUNCTION WITH SPACE X AND 4601 03:17:57,560 --> 03:17:59,600 TRIALS ARE FUNDED BY NAVY TO 4602 03:17:59,600 --> 03:18:02,360 LOOK FOR EXTREME EFFECTS OF 4603 03:18:02,360 --> 03:18:05,200 RESISTANCE EXERCISE CAUSING 4604 03:18:05,200 --> 03:18:13,680 STRESS FACTURES -- FRACTURES AND 4605 03:18:13,680 --> 03:18:17,080 BILIARY SOROSIS AND CHRONIC HIV 4606 03:18:17,080 --> 03:18:19,760 SYNDROME FUNDED BY HIV COMMUNITY 4607 03:18:19,760 --> 03:18:22,280 AS WELL AS A COUPLE NIH GRANTS. 4608 03:18:22,280 --> 03:18:24,080 SO, SORRY I DON'T HAVE TIME TO 4609 03:18:24,080 --> 03:18:25,360 GO INTO DETAIL ABOUT IT AND LOTS 4610 03:18:25,360 --> 03:18:27,880 OF PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN THIS. 4611 03:18:27,880 --> 03:18:29,880 AND THERE IS MANY AGENTS IN SOME 4612 03:18:29,880 --> 03:18:36,240 CASES WE ARE COMPARING AGENTS 4613 03:18:36,240 --> 03:18:37,960 RAPPO LOGS TO SENOLYTICS AND 4614 03:18:37,960 --> 03:18:40,760 METFORMIN OR WHATEVER. THANK 4615 03:18:40,760 --> 03:18:51,040 YOU VERY MUCH. 4616 03:19:13,480 --> 03:19:19,040 >>OKAY. GOOD AFTERNOON. I'M 4617 03:19:19,040 --> 03:19:22,680 SARA E SP INOZA AND WILL TALK 4618 03:19:22,680 --> 03:19:25,040 ABOUT OUTCOMES FOR CLINICAL 4619 03:19:25,040 --> 03:19:28,400 TRIALS IN GEROSCIENCE. MANY OF 4620 03:19:28,400 --> 03:19:31,080 US HAVE DISCUSSED CONCEPT OF 4621 03:19:31,080 --> 03:19:31,760 GEROSCIENCE. WE WON'T GO 4622 03:19:31,760 --> 03:19:33,240 THROUGH THAT. THINKING ABOUT 4623 03:19:33,240 --> 03:19:35,200 DOING CLINICAL TRIALS RELATIVE 4624 03:19:35,200 --> 03:19:37,400 TO GEROSCIENCE, WHAT ARE WE 4625 03:19:37,400 --> 03:19:39,360 TRYING TO MEASURE? 4626 03:19:39,360 --> 03:19:41,520 SO, WHEN THIS STARTED TO COME 4627 03:19:41,520 --> 03:19:44,480 ABOUT, THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH 4628 03:19:44,480 --> 03:19:47,640 SPAN HAS BEEN USED. IN RECENT 4629 03:19:47,640 --> 03:19:49,080 YEARS, I HAVE BEEN REALLY 4630 03:19:49,080 --> 03:19:51,000 THINKING ABOUT, WELL, WHAT IS 4631 03:19:51,000 --> 03:19:51,920 HEALTH SPAN? 4632 03:19:51,920 --> 03:19:54,160 HOW DO WE DEFINE IT? 4633 03:19:54,160 --> 03:19:56,800 TYPICALLY, WHEN YOU SEE IT 4634 03:19:56,800 --> 03:19:59,040 WRITTEN, YOU SEE ABSENCE OF 4635 03:19:59,040 --> 03:20:00,040 DISEASE AND DISABILITY. 4636 03:20:00,040 --> 03:20:02,680 BUT, YOU KNOW, WE ALL KNOW HOW 4637 03:20:02,680 --> 03:20:04,480 WE AGE AND WE WILL ALL -- I 4638 03:20:04,480 --> 03:20:07,440 MEAN, IT IS PRACTICALLY 4639 03:20:07,440 --> 03:20:09,360 IMPOSSIBLE TO NOT GET SOME 4640 03:20:09,360 --> 03:20:10,880 DISEASE; RIGHT? 4641 03:20:10,880 --> 03:20:14,800 SO, THEN HOW DO WE QUANTIFY THIS 4642 03:20:14,800 --> 03:20:16,240 OR DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF 4643 03:20:16,240 --> 03:20:20,360 DISEASE OR DISABILITY THAT IS 4644 03:20:20,360 --> 03:20:22,280 ACCEPTABLE, SO-TO-SPEAK? 4645 03:20:22,280 --> 03:20:24,640 GOOD HEALTH SPAN IS SUBJECTIVE 4646 03:20:24,640 --> 03:20:25,920 ACTUALLY. WHAT MAY BE 4647 03:20:25,920 --> 03:20:27,160 REASONABLE AMOUNT OF DISEASE AND 4648 03:20:27,160 --> 03:20:29,840 DISABILITY TO ONE PERSON MAY NOT 4649 03:20:29,840 --> 03:20:32,000 BE REASONABLE TO ANOTHER. 4650 03:20:32,000 --> 03:20:33,640 SO, THERE -- YOU KNOW, THERE IS 4651 03:20:33,640 --> 03:20:37,440 NO -- OBVIOUSLY, THERE IS NO 4652 03:20:37,440 --> 03:20:38,920 ACCEPTED DEFINITION FOR GOOD 4653 03:20:38,920 --> 03:20:41,560 HEALTH SPAN. ALSO, MANY OTHER 4654 03:20:41,560 --> 03:20:42,920 -- A COUPLE OTHER PEOPLE HAVE 4655 03:20:42,920 --> 03:20:45,040 BROUGHT UP TODAY, YOU KNOW, IN 4656 03:20:45,040 --> 03:20:48,760 THE LAST FEW DAYS, ALSO, ABOUT 4657 03:20:48,760 --> 03:20:50,840 HOW -- WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO 4658 03:20:50,840 --> 03:20:52,520 PATIENTS AND INDIVIDUALS AND 4659 03:20:52,520 --> 03:20:54,400 WHAT MATTERS MOST TO THEM. 4660 03:20:54,400 --> 03:20:56,400 THESE ARE ALL THINGS WE HAVE TO 4661 03:20:56,400 --> 03:20:58,040 CONSIDER WHEN CONSIDERING 4662 03:20:58,040 --> 03:21:00,800 OUTCOMES FOR OUR CLINICAL TRIALS 4663 03:21:00,800 --> 03:21:02,080 IN THIS SPACE. 4664 03:21:02,080 --> 03:21:04,480 AND THIS IS NOT AN EXHAUSTIVE 4665 03:21:04,480 --> 03:21:06,560 REVIEW. I JUST KIND OF LOOKED 4666 03:21:06,560 --> 03:21:11,040 THROUGH CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV AND 4667 03:21:11,040 --> 03:21:11,880 SOME CANDIDATE AGENTS THAT HAVE 4668 03:21:11,880 --> 03:21:15,200 BEEN TESTED WITH REGARDS TO 4669 03:21:15,200 --> 03:21:19,440 GEROSCIENCE HYPOTHESIS AND 4670 03:21:19,440 --> 03:21:21,280 SENOLYTICS -- AND YOU CAN SEE 4671 03:21:21,280 --> 03:21:24,360 ALL OF THE OUTCOMES ARE PRIMARY 4672 03:21:24,360 --> 03:21:34,920 OUTCOMES FOR MANY STUDIES RIGHT 4673 03:21:36,520 --> 03:21:39,360 NOW REGISTERED IN CLINICAL 4674 03:21:39,360 --> 03:21:43,080 TRIALS.GOV WITH GAIT AND VACCINE 4675 03:21:43,080 --> 03:21:48,200 RESPONSE, ET CETERA THERE IS A 4676 03:21:48,200 --> 03:21:49,680 WIDE RANGE OF OUTCOMES LOOKED IN 4677 03:21:49,680 --> 03:21:55,280 THESE TRIALS AND I WILL BRIEFLY 4678 03:21:55,280 --> 03:21:57,920 DO AN EXERCISE IN MEASURING 4679 03:21:57,920 --> 03:22:00,280 HEALTH SPAN TAKING APPROACH OF 4680 03:22:00,280 --> 03:22:03,080 ABSENCE IN DISEASE AND 4681 03:22:03,080 --> 03:22:05,280 DISABILITY TO JUST EXAMINE WHAT 4682 03:22:05,280 --> 03:22:10,320 THAT WOULD LOOK LIKE IN A 4683 03:22:10,320 --> 03:22:13,440 POPULATION-BASED STUDY I DID A 4684 03:22:13,440 --> 03:22:16,920 BRIEF EXERCISE IN SAN ANTONIO 4685 03:22:16,920 --> 03:22:19,800 STUDY OF AGING THAT WAS ABOUT 4686 03:22:19,800 --> 03:22:22,480 749 OLDER ADULTS 65 AND OLDER 4687 03:22:22,480 --> 03:22:24,240 AND PEOPLE WERE FOLLOWED 4688 03:22:24,240 --> 03:22:27,600 STARTING IN THE EARLY 90S AND IT 4689 03:22:27,600 --> 03:22:31,120 WAS UNTIL MID 2000S TO LOOK AT 4690 03:22:31,120 --> 03:22:33,040 PREDICTORS OF DISABILITY AND 4691 03:22:33,040 --> 03:22:39,880 DEFINED POOR HEALTH SPAN IN THIS 4692 03:22:39,880 --> 03:22:43,160 HOE HORT OF BASELINE OF EXAM IN 4693 03:22:43,160 --> 03:22:47,040 THE 90S PRESENCE OF MAJOR AGE 4694 03:22:47,040 --> 03:22:50,400 RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES 4695 03:22:50,400 --> 03:22:57,560 DEPENDENTS NEEDING HELP IN -- 4696 03:22:57,560 --> 03:23:01,720 EXAM SCORE LESS THAN 18 AND 4697 03:23:01,720 --> 03:23:05,960 BASELINE EXAM OF THE STUDY OVER 4698 03:23:05,960 --> 03:23:07,880 70% OF INDIVIDUALS WOULD HAVE 4699 03:23:07,880 --> 03:23:12,520 QUALIFIED FOR POOR HEALTHSPAN 4700 03:23:12,520 --> 03:23:17,240 MEANING THEY HAD MAJOR DISEASE 4701 03:23:17,240 --> 03:23:21,280 NEEDING HELP WITH ADLS OR IDLS 4702 03:23:21,280 --> 03:23:23,200 AND MAJORITY OF HIGHER 4703 03:23:23,200 --> 03:23:25,720 PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITH POOR 4704 03:23:25,720 --> 03:23:31,120 HEALTH SPAN WER OF MEXICAN 4705 03:23:31,120 --> 03:23:34,960 AMERICAN DECENT AND 56% OF POOR 4706 03:23:34,960 --> 03:23:37,200 HEALTH SPAN WERE MEXICAN 4707 03:23:37,200 --> 03:23:39,360 AMERICAN AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCE 4708 03:23:39,360 --> 03:23:43,200 IN PROPORTION OF POOR VERSUS 4709 03:23:43,200 --> 03:23:45,280 NORMAL HEALTH SPAN BRINGING IN 4710 03:23:45,280 --> 03:23:46,600 THEMES TALK BEING ON FIRST DAY 4711 03:23:46,600 --> 03:23:49,360 THAT IF WE ARE TALKING ABOUT 4712 03:23:49,360 --> 03:23:52,040 PREVENTIVE STUDIES, THERE WILL 4713 03:23:52,040 --> 03:23:55,360 BE KIND OF AN INHERENT EXCLUSION 4714 03:23:55,360 --> 03:23:57,680 OF ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS 4715 03:23:57,680 --> 03:24:00,280 TALKING ABOUT PREVENTIVE TYPE OF 4716 03:24:00,280 --> 03:24:04,600 GEROSCIENCE GUIDED TRIALS AND 4717 03:24:04,600 --> 03:24:05,600 ESSENTIALLY IS COMPLETE 4718 03:24:05,600 --> 03:24:07,000 PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND 4719 03:24:07,000 --> 03:24:08,480 DISABILITY A REALISTIC GOAL? 4720 03:24:08,480 --> 03:24:10,240 I DON'T THINK SO. SO, THEN HOW 4721 03:24:10,240 --> 03:24:14,760 -- YOU KNOW, HOW DO WE DEFINE 4722 03:24:14,760 --> 03:24:17,360 HEALTH SPAN FOR THESE 4723 03:24:17,360 --> 03:24:18,320 GEROSCIENCE-GUIDED TRIALS AND 4724 03:24:18,320 --> 03:24:19,760 ANOTHER THING I THINK WE HAVE TO 4725 03:24:19,760 --> 03:24:22,600 THINK ABOUT IS HOW DO WE DO 4726 03:24:22,600 --> 03:24:24,640 GEROSCIENCE GUIDED TRIALS IN 4727 03:24:24,640 --> 03:24:26,120 PEOPLE THAT HAVE ALREADY DISEASE 4728 03:24:26,120 --> 03:24:28,440 AND DISABILITY AND IN THINKING 4729 03:24:28,440 --> 03:24:31,920 ABOUT AMELIORATING THESE THINGS 4730 03:24:31,920 --> 03:24:39,040 IN PEOPLE THAT ALREADY HAVE 4731 03:24:39,040 --> 03:24:41,360 POORER HEALTH SPAN AND 4732 03:24:41,360 --> 03:24:43,200 GERIATRICIAN AND CLINICIAN AND 4733 03:24:43,200 --> 03:24:45,240 SEEING HEALTH PATIENTS IN MY 4734 03:24:45,240 --> 03:24:48,480 MIND I PUT THEM SOMEWHERE ON 4735 03:24:48,480 --> 03:24:51,600 SPECTRUM OF LEFT SIDE ROBUST AND 4736 03:24:51,600 --> 03:24:54,880 A FEW HEALTH PROBLEMS ACTIVE AND 4737 03:24:54,880 --> 03:24:56,480 INDEPENDENT TO THE OTHER END OF 4738 03:24:56,480 --> 03:25:00,440 THE SPECTRUM AND FRAIL AND 4739 03:25:00,440 --> 03:25:05,000 VULNERABLE NEEDING HELP TO DO 4740 03:25:05,000 --> 03:25:08,480 ACTIVITIES NOT NEEDING HELP TO 4741 03:25:08,480 --> 03:25:10,480 DO INDEPENDENTLY AND SPECTRUM 4742 03:25:10,480 --> 03:25:13,080 HOST OF PROBLEMS TO THINK ABOUT 4743 03:25:13,080 --> 03:25:16,160 PREVENTING FURTHER DECLINE AND 4744 03:25:16,160 --> 03:25:24,440 TRYING TO OPERATIONALIZE THIS 4745 03:25:24,440 --> 03:25:26,720 CLINICAL OBSERVATION YOU CAN 4746 03:25:26,720 --> 03:25:31,720 THINK OF DOMAINS AND SIM FIEZ 4747 03:25:31,720 --> 03:25:32,120 VIEW. 4748 03:25:32,120 --> 03:25:33,760 BE HAVE PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND 4749 03:25:33,760 --> 03:25:36,320 DISABILITY AND COMORBIDITY AND 4750 03:25:36,320 --> 03:25:40,480 JER RAT TRICK SYMPTOMS THAT 4751 03:25:40,480 --> 03:25:44,120 FRAILTY FALLS INTO AND OTHER 4752 03:25:44,120 --> 03:25:48,400 TYPES OF BIOMARKERS THIS IS INTD 4753 03:25:48,400 --> 03:25:50,040 RELATED AND WAY TO CATEGORIZE 4754 03:25:50,040 --> 03:25:53,360 THESE AND MANY OF THE TRIALS 4755 03:25:53,360 --> 03:25:57,240 THAT WE HAVE SEEN ARE, YOU KNOW, 4756 03:25:57,240 --> 03:26:01,080 USUALLY INVOLVING ONE OR MORE 4757 03:26:01,080 --> 03:26:03,040 OUTCOMES WITHIN THESE DOMAINS 4758 03:26:03,040 --> 03:26:06,640 AND IS JUST THINGS THAT, YOU 4759 03:26:06,640 --> 03:26:08,880 KNOW, MY THINKING OUT LOUD ABOUT 4760 03:26:08,880 --> 03:26:10,840 THINGS TO CONSIDER FOR 4761 03:26:10,840 --> 03:26:11,840 GEROSCIENCE GUIDED CLINICAL 4762 03:26:11,840 --> 03:26:14,680 TRIALS AND MORE THAN LIKELY THE 4763 03:26:14,680 --> 03:26:18,000 PRIMARY AT LEAST THE PRIMARY 4764 03:26:18,000 --> 03:26:21,400 OUTCOME WILL BE BASED ON AGENT 4765 03:26:21,400 --> 03:26:23,760 THAT WE ARE TESTING AND WHAT WE 4766 03:26:23,760 --> 03:26:27,040 THINK THE MECHANISM OF THE AGENT 4767 03:26:27,040 --> 03:26:33,240 IS IT WILL ALSO DEPEND ON TARGET 4768 03:26:33,240 --> 03:26:35,200 POPULATION INCLUDING A ROBUST 4769 03:26:35,200 --> 03:26:37,480 AND HEALTHY GROUP OR SOMEONE OR 4770 03:26:37,480 --> 03:26:40,240 GROUP THAT ALREADY HAS SOME 4771 03:26:40,240 --> 03:26:40,520 DECLINE. 4772 03:26:40,520 --> 03:26:44,560 MANY TRIALS, FOR EXAMPLE IN THE 4773 03:26:44,560 --> 03:26:47,600 SARCOPENIA SPACE ARE ENROLLING 4774 03:26:47,600 --> 03:26:48,480 PATIENTS ARE LOW PHYSICAL 4775 03:26:48,480 --> 03:26:51,600 FUNCTION AND SPP SCORE UNDER AID 4776 03:26:51,600 --> 03:26:56,480 FOR EXAMPLE AND WILL INFLUENCE 4777 03:26:56,480 --> 03:26:57,760 OUTCO 4778 03:26:57,760 --> 03:26:59,800 OUTCOMES BECAUSE WHAT IS THE 4779 03:26:59,800 --> 03:27:03,000 DEGREE OF CHANGE YOU WILL EXPECT 4780 03:27:03,000 --> 03:27:08,080 BASED ON INCLUSION CRITERIA AND 4781 03:27:08,080 --> 03:27:09,400 SCALE AND PHASE OF THE TRIAL 4782 03:27:09,400 --> 03:27:11,640 WILL HAVE INFLUENCE IS THIS 4783 03:27:11,640 --> 03:27:14,920 PILOT STUDY OR PHASE 1 OR 2, ET 4784 03:27:14,920 --> 03:27:18,000 CETERA OR SMALL STUDY VERSUS 4785 03:27:18,000 --> 03:27:20,600 LARGER OR PRAGMATIC TRIALS THAT 4786 03:27:20,600 --> 03:27:22,360 I HOPE ARE IN FUTURE WITH 4787 03:27:22,360 --> 03:27:24,920 CANDIDATE AGENTS SHOWING BENEFIT 4788 03:27:24,920 --> 03:27:26,520 IN EARLIER PHASED TRIALS THAT I 4789 03:27:26,520 --> 03:27:29,680 FEEL IN THE FUTURE WE WILL NEED 4790 03:27:29,680 --> 03:27:33,960 LARGER PRAGMATIC TRIALS LARGER 4791 03:27:33,960 --> 03:27:36,480 POPULATION-BASED SCALE TO SHOW 4792 03:27:36,480 --> 03:27:45,560 TRUE BENEFIT AND POTENTIAL FOR 4793 03:27:45,560 --> 03:27:47,240 DELIVERING IN BROADER SENSE AND 4794 03:27:47,240 --> 03:27:49,480 FOLLOW UP PERIOD OF THE STUDIES 4795 03:27:49,480 --> 03:27:54,520 IS RELEVANT. HOW MUCH CHANGE DO 4796 03:27:54,520 --> 03:27:57,920 WE EXPECT TO SEE OVER TIME AND 4797 03:27:57,920 --> 03:27:59,680 PRACTICAL POINT OF VIEW 4798 03:27:59,680 --> 03:28:01,480 PRELIMINARY DATA IS IMPORTANT. 4799 03:28:01,480 --> 03:28:03,600 THAT HELPS YOU TO GET THE 4800 03:28:03,600 --> 03:28:07,480 GRANTS. IF YOU HAVE ONLY 4801 03:28:07,480 --> 03:28:10,840 PRELIMINARY DATA ON CERTAIN 4802 03:28:10,840 --> 03:28:12,520 OUTCOME PRACTICALITY HARD TO 4803 03:28:12,520 --> 03:28:14,320 PROPOSE FOCUSING ON ANOTHER 4804 03:28:14,320 --> 03:28:15,400 OUTCOME AND SOMETHING THAT WAS 4805 03:28:15,400 --> 03:28:18,840 BROUGHT UP ON THE FIRST DAY, I 4806 03:28:18,840 --> 03:28:21,600 BELIEVE, WAS ISSUE OF COMPARING 4807 03:28:21,600 --> 03:28:24,480 ACROSS STUDIES AND EXTERNAL 4808 03:28:24,480 --> 03:28:27,920 VALIDITY AND ARE CONSIDERATIONS 4809 03:28:27,920 --> 03:28:31,120 AND IN SAN ANTONIO WITH PEPPER 4810 03:28:31,120 --> 03:28:32,800 CENTER WE HAVE BEEN INVOLVED AND 4811 03:28:32,800 --> 03:28:35,200 ARE STILL INVOLVED IN CLINICAL 4812 03:28:35,200 --> 03:28:38,320 TRIALS WITH MANY AGENTS THAT ARE 4813 03:28:38,320 --> 03:28:39,880 DISCUSSED IN THIS SUMMIT 4814 03:28:39,880 --> 03:28:41,640 INCLUDING HEARING ABOUT SOME 4815 03:28:41,640 --> 03:28:44,600 DATA AND I WON'T GO INTO THIS IN 4816 03:28:44,600 --> 03:28:49,160 ANY GREAT DETAIL. YOU CAN SEE 4817 03:28:49,160 --> 03:28:51,920 AGENTS TARGET DIFFERENT 4818 03:28:51,920 --> 03:28:53,280 MECHANISMS AND SPECIFIC 4819 03:28:53,280 --> 03:28:56,440 MECHANISM WILL SORT OF I WON'T 4820 03:28:56,440 --> 03:29:01,960 SAY DICTATE BUT LEAD YOU IN A 4821 03:29:01,960 --> 03:29:03,200 DIRECTION OF A CERTAIN OUTCOME 4822 03:29:03,200 --> 03:29:05,160 YOU ARE TRYING TO MOVE AND BY 4823 03:29:05,160 --> 03:29:08,800 WAY OF EXAMPLE I WON'T SPEND A 4824 03:29:08,800 --> 03:29:15,320 LOT OF TIME BUT EXAMPLE OF 4825 03:29:15,320 --> 03:29:19,320 CLINICAL TRIAL AND THAT IS 4826 03:29:19,320 --> 03:29:20,480 PLACEBO PREVENTION OF FRAILTY 4827 03:29:20,480 --> 03:29:24,360 AND WE ARE DOING THIS TRIAL FOR 4828 03:29:24,360 --> 03:29:31,480 FRAILTY SPECIFICALLY THAT IS 4829 03:29:31,480 --> 03:29:35,440 SYNDROME AND INTEREST AND 4830 03:29:35,440 --> 03:29:38,640 SHOWING INL FLAMATION AND 4831 03:29:38,640 --> 03:29:42,280 RESISTANCE IS PREDICTOR FOR MANY 4832 03:29:42,280 --> 03:29:46,320 GROUPS AND MET FORMIN WILL 4833 03:29:46,320 --> 03:29:48,560 TARGET CONCEPTS TO PRODUCE OR 4834 03:29:48,560 --> 03:29:50,920 REDUCE FRAILTY AND FOR THIS 4835 03:29:50,920 --> 03:29:57,840 TRIAL WE ARE ENROLLING ONLY 4836 03:29:57,840 --> 03:30:00,120 OLDER ADULTS WITH ORAL GLUCOSE 4837 03:30:00,120 --> 03:30:00,960 INTOLERANCE AND SELECTING THAT 4838 03:30:00,960 --> 03:30:04,480 GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE 4839 03:30:04,480 --> 03:30:05,600 INSULIN RESISTANT WE THOUGHT 4840 03:30:05,600 --> 03:30:08,000 WOULD BE MORE LIKELY TO BENEFIT 4841 03:30:08,000 --> 03:30:12,520 FROM METFORMIN. WE ARE LOOKING 4842 03:30:12,520 --> 03:30:17,280 AT PREVENTING FRAILTY AND NO 4843 03:30:17,280 --> 03:30:20,080 PATIENTS ENROLLED AT BASELINE 4844 03:30:20,080 --> 03:30:22,640 ARE FRAIL AND EXCLUDING ANYBODY 4845 03:30:22,640 --> 03:30:24,160 FRAIL AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW UP 4846 03:30:24,160 --> 03:30:25,960 PERIOD IS 24 MONTHS AND DOING 4847 03:30:25,960 --> 03:30:34,640 AND COMPLETING ENROLLMENT 4848 03:30:34,640 --> 03:30:37,760 TARGETING 120 COMPLEERTS AND IN 4849 03:30:37,760 --> 03:30:40,480 THE 24 MONTHS FOLLOW UP WE HAVE 4850 03:30:40,480 --> 03:30:44,520 DEEP PHENOTYPING WITH BLOOD AND 4851 03:30:44,520 --> 03:30:47,800 SKELETAL MUSHLELE TISSUE AND 4852 03:30:47,800 --> 03:30:49,720 INSULIN CLAMP AND PHENOTYPIC 4853 03:30:49,720 --> 03:30:53,960 DATA I DON'T HAVE RESULTS TO 4854 03:30:53,960 --> 03:30:55,920 GIVE YOU I'M STILL BLINDED BUT 4855 03:30:55,920 --> 03:30:57,960 TOOK KNOWN PREDICTORS OF FRAILTY 4856 03:30:57,960 --> 03:31:01,520 AND IDEA OF MECHANISM OF 4857 03:31:01,520 --> 03:31:04,680 METFORMIN THAT GUIDED OUR 4858 03:31:04,680 --> 03:31:06,240 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA 4859 03:31:06,240 --> 03:31:09,200 AS WELL AS OUTCOME AND I WILL 4860 03:31:09,200 --> 03:31:13,000 JUST SKIP THAT SLIDE FOR TIMES 4861 03:31:13,000 --> 03:31:15,080 SAKE. OUR PRIMARY OUTCOME IS 4862 03:31:15,080 --> 03:31:16,720 FRAILTY AND WE STARTED OFF WITH 4863 03:31:16,720 --> 03:31:20,520 THE FRAILTY PHENOTYPE AND DSMB 4864 03:31:20,520 --> 03:31:22,120 AND WHO IS VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE IN 4865 03:31:22,120 --> 03:31:24,960 THE FIELD SUGGESTED THAT WE 4866 03:31:24,960 --> 03:31:27,240 INCLUDE THE FRAILTY INDEX AS A 4867 03:31:27,240 --> 03:31:28,360 PRIMARY OUTCOME AND WE HAVE DONE 4868 03:31:28,360 --> 03:31:31,040 THAT AND YOU CAN SEE WE HAVE A 4869 03:31:31,040 --> 03:31:33,120 HOST OF SECONDARY OUTCOMES THAT 4870 03:31:33,120 --> 03:31:38,320 I -- YOU CAN SEE FOR YOURSELVES. 4871 03:31:38,320 --> 03:31:40,240 YOU KNOW, SOME PEOPLE MIGHT SAY 4872 03:31:40,240 --> 03:31:42,360 ARE YOU CRAZY? WHY DO YOU HAVE 4873 03:31:42,360 --> 03:31:44,960 SO MANY SECONDARY OUTCOMES AND I 4874 03:31:44,960 --> 03:31:47,000 FEEL LIKE LISTENING TO TALKS I 4875 03:31:47,000 --> 03:31:48,480 THINK IT IS IMPORTANT IN THESE 4876 03:31:48,480 --> 03:31:50,440 TYPES OF TRIALS TO -- IF YOU -- 4877 03:31:50,440 --> 03:31:52,760 YOU KNOW, AS FEASIBLE AS IT CAN 4878 03:31:52,760 --> 03:31:55,480 BE TO MEASURE MANY THINGS IF YOU 4879 03:31:55,480 --> 03:31:58,000 HAVE NOT MEASURED IT YOU DON'T 4880 03:31:58,000 --> 03:32:01,560 KNOW HOW IT WILL CHANGE AND YOU 4881 03:32:01,560 --> 03:32:04,480 DON'T HAVE THE ABILITY TO 4882 03:32:04,480 --> 03:32:12,240 COMPARE ACROSS STUDIES AND IS MY 4883 03:32:12,240 --> 03:32:13,680 RECOMMENDATION FOR KEY MEASURES 4884 03:32:13,680 --> 03:32:16,440 LIKE GAIT OR STRENGTH FOR 4885 03:32:16,440 --> 03:32:19,520 EXAMPLE AND KEY BIOMARKERS AND 4886 03:32:19,520 --> 03:32:22,920 ENJOYED LISTENING TO A BUNCH OF 4887 03:32:22,920 --> 03:32:24,120 BIOMARKERS AND TOOK GOOD NOTES 4888 03:32:24,120 --> 03:32:26,880 TO SEE HOW THEY CHANGED EVEN IF 4889 03:32:26,880 --> 03:32:28,920 NOT PRIMARY OUTCOME THAT COULD 4890 03:32:28,920 --> 03:32:31,880 INFORM THE NEXT STUDY THAT MIGHT 4891 03:32:31,880 --> 03:32:36,480 IMPROVE UPON A NEGATIVE STUDY 4892 03:32:36,480 --> 03:32:42,520 AND METFORMIN WE HYPOTHESIZED IT 4893 03:32:42,520 --> 03:32:44,480 WOULD ACT WITH INFORMATION AND 4894 03:32:44,480 --> 03:32:46,640 INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND IT IS A 4895 03:32:46,640 --> 03:32:49,520 DRUG WITH POTENTIAL EFFECTS 4896 03:32:49,520 --> 03:32:52,240 TARGETING HALLMARKS OF AGING AND 4897 03:32:52,240 --> 03:32:55,040 WE HAVE ANOTHER STUDY WE ARE 4898 03:32:55,040 --> 03:32:58,520 LOOKING AT MARKERS OF CELLULAR 4899 03:32:58,520 --> 03:33:00,840 SENESCENCE AND MITOCHONDRIAL 4900 03:33:00,840 --> 03:33:03,320 FUNCTION AND EPIGENETIC CLOCKS 4901 03:33:03,320 --> 03:33:06,040 AND THESE ANALYSIS ARE UNDERWAY 4902 03:33:06,040 --> 03:33:07,560 AND THAT WAS A SMALL KIND OF 4903 03:33:07,560 --> 03:33:11,280 VERY TRANSLATIONAL INTENSE 4904 03:33:11,280 --> 03:33:12,200 TRIAL. 4905 03:33:12,200 --> 03:33:15,400 IT IS A EXAMPLE AND GIVING A 4906 03:33:15,400 --> 03:33:18,960 LARGER TRIAL EXAMPLE AND MANY 4907 03:33:18,960 --> 03:33:19,680 MIGHT BE FAMILIAR WITH A SPREE 4908 03:33:19,680 --> 03:33:23,160 THAT IS RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL 4909 03:33:23,160 --> 03:33:25,400 FOR ASTHMA AND DISABILITY 4910 03:33:25,400 --> 03:33:26,920 PREVENTION AND TRIAL STARTED IN 4911 03:33:26,920 --> 03:33:29,400 2010 LIKE PROBABLY YOU KNOW 4912 03:33:29,400 --> 03:33:31,520 RIGHT AROUND THE TIME I GUESS 4913 03:33:31,520 --> 03:33:33,720 GEROSCIENCE WAS JUST GETTING 4914 03:33:33,720 --> 03:33:35,720 STARTED. I DON'T THINK THAT 4915 03:33:35,720 --> 03:33:37,440 THEY REALLY THOUGHT OF THEIR 4916 03:33:37,440 --> 03:33:39,720 OUTCOME AS GEROSCIENCE RELATED 4917 03:33:39,720 --> 03:33:42,600 BUT THINK IT WAS THE FIRST TRIAL 4918 03:33:42,600 --> 03:33:45,800 TO USE A COMPOSITE PRIMARY 4919 03:33:45,800 --> 03:33:48,640 ENDPOINT THAT WAS DISABILITY AND 4920 03:33:48,640 --> 03:33:50,800 DEMENTIA-FREE SURVIVAL. 4921 03:33:50,800 --> 03:33:53,920 SO, THIS STUDY, AGAIN, I SAID IT 4922 03:33:53,920 --> 03:33:56,160 STARTED IN 2010 AND TREATMENT 4923 03:33:56,160 --> 03:33:59,680 PHASE ENDED IN 2017 AND WE WERE 4924 03:33:59,680 --> 03:34:02,520 SITE IN SAN ANTONIO AND ENROLLED 4925 03:34:02,520 --> 03:34:07,520 ABOUT 300 OLDER ADULTS. 4926 03:34:07,520 --> 03:34:09,200 RANDOMIZED ASPIRIN VERSUS 4927 03:34:09,200 --> 03:34:12,160 PLACEBO WERE FREE OF 4928 03:34:12,160 --> 03:34:13,560 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BASED ON 4929 03:34:13,560 --> 03:34:16,200 THE TRIAL AND MEDIAN FOLLOW UP 4930 03:34:16,200 --> 03:34:18,280 PERIOD WAS LESS THAN FIVE YEARS 4931 03:34:18,280 --> 03:34:21,800 NEGATIVE TRIAL AND FOUND NO 4932 03:34:21,800 --> 03:34:24,120 BENEFIT FOR LOW DOSE ASPIRIN FOR 4933 03:34:24,120 --> 03:34:26,440 PREVENTION OF DISABILITY AND 4934 03:34:26,440 --> 03:34:27,680 DEMENTIA-FREE SURVIVAL. YOU 4935 03:34:27,680 --> 03:34:30,320 MIGHT SAY, WELL, GOSH. THAT IS 4936 03:34:30,320 --> 03:34:32,480 TOO BAD. THIS TRIAL ACTUALLY 4937 03:34:32,480 --> 03:34:34,440 CHANGED THE CLINICAL PRACTICE 4938 03:34:34,440 --> 03:34:35,880 GUIDELINES AND IS NO LONGER 4939 03:34:35,880 --> 03:34:38,280 RECOMMENDED FOR OLDER ADULTS WHO 4940 03:34:38,280 --> 03:34:40,520 WORK WITHOUT CARDIOVASCULAR 4941 03:34:40,520 --> 03:34:42,520 DISEASE TO TAKE LOW DOSE 4942 03:34:42,520 --> 03:34:44,200 ASPIRIN. I'M NOT SHOWING YOU 4943 03:34:44,200 --> 03:34:46,200 THIS. IT LED TO MORE BLEEDING 4944 03:34:46,200 --> 03:34:49,560 EVENTS AND YOU OBVIOUSLY SEE 4945 03:34:49,560 --> 03:34:52,200 THERE IS NO BENEFIT WITHIN THAT 4946 03:34:52,200 --> 03:34:54,440 TRIAL WE STARTED TO LOOK AT 4947 03:34:54,440 --> 03:34:55,760 OUTCOMES AND LOOKED AT FRAILTY 4948 03:34:55,760 --> 03:34:58,240 AND NO BENEFIT WITH REGARDS TO 4949 03:34:58,240 --> 03:35:01,440 ASPIRIN ON FRAILTY AND FRAILTY 4950 03:35:01,440 --> 03:35:02,760 DOES PREDICT DISABILITY FREE 4951 03:35:02,760 --> 03:35:03,600 SURVIVAL. 4952 03:35:03,600 --> 03:35:07,280 SO, BOTH FRAILTY PHENOTYPE AND 4953 03:35:07,280 --> 03:35:08,600 FRAILTY INDEX AND THESE OUTCOMES 4954 03:35:08,600 --> 03:35:12,520 ARE LINKED. YOU CAN SEE THAT 4955 03:35:12,520 --> 03:35:15,560 THE FREED -- FREED AND FRAILTY 4956 03:35:15,560 --> 03:35:18,400 INDEX CLASSIFICATIONS ARE 4957 03:35:18,400 --> 03:35:21,280 SENSITIVE IN PREDICTING THIS 4958 03:35:21,280 --> 03:35:22,840 COMPOSITE ENDPOINT. 4959 03:35:22,840 --> 03:35:26,560 OKAY. SO, IN SUMMARY, I WILL 4960 03:35:26,560 --> 03:35:30,120 JUST KIND OF WRAP UP WITH MY 4961 03:35:30,120 --> 03:35:31,560 THOUGHTS THAT IS WORK BY MANY 4962 03:35:31,560 --> 03:35:33,440 PEOPLE THAT ARE HERE AT THE 4963 03:35:33,440 --> 03:35:35,440 SUMMIT IN OBSERVATIONAL AND 4964 03:35:35,440 --> 03:35:37,640 EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIALS HAVE REALLY 4965 03:35:37,640 --> 03:35:40,200 INFORMED US OVER THE LAST MANY 4966 03:35:40,200 --> 03:35:42,520 YEARS THAT ARE ABOUT RISK 4967 03:35:42,520 --> 03:35:44,520 FACTORS FOR MANY GERIATRIC 4968 03:35:44,520 --> 03:35:46,520 SYNDROMES AND ENTITIES THAT ARE 4969 03:35:46,520 --> 03:35:48,360 IMPORTANT FOR OLDER ADULTS AS 4970 03:35:48,360 --> 03:35:49,360 THEY AGE. 4971 03:35:49,360 --> 03:35:52,080 AND GEROSCIENCE TRIALS WILL NOT 4972 03:35:52,080 --> 03:35:54,760 BE A ONE-SIZE FITS ALL. I MEAN, 4973 03:35:54,760 --> 03:35:57,160 THERE WILL PROBABLY IN MY VIEW 4974 03:35:57,160 --> 03:36:00,480 BE SOME AGENTS THAT MAY BE 4975 03:36:00,480 --> 03:36:02,400 BENEFICIAL IN ONE SUBGROUP AND 4976 03:36:02,400 --> 03:36:04,160 OTHERS THAT WILL BE BENEFICIAL 4977 03:36:04,160 --> 03:36:07,880 IN OTHER SUBGROUPS WITH CERTAIN 4978 03:36:07,880 --> 03:36:10,280 DISEASES OR INSULIN RESISTANCE, 4979 03:36:10,280 --> 03:36:10,760 ET CETERA. 4980 03:36:10,760 --> 03:36:12,600 THERE IS REALLY I THINK SO MUCH 4981 03:36:12,600 --> 03:36:15,640 TO BE DONE. THE OUTCOMES THAT 4982 03:36:15,640 --> 03:36:17,160 WE SELECT FOR TRIALS WILL DEPEND 4983 03:36:17,160 --> 03:36:18,920 ON MANY THINGS THAT I HAVE 4984 03:36:18,920 --> 03:36:22,520 ALREADY DISCUSSED AND I THINK 4985 03:36:22,520 --> 03:36:24,520 THAT WE NEED TO CONSIDER 4986 03:36:24,520 --> 03:36:26,160 CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF OUTCOMES 4987 03:36:26,160 --> 03:36:28,640 AS WELL AS MEANINGFUL CHANGE AND 4988 03:36:28,640 --> 03:36:30,400 CLINICALLY MEANINGFUL CHANGE 4989 03:36:30,400 --> 03:36:32,000 THAT TOM GILL MENTIONED IN HIS 4990 03:36:32,000 --> 03:36:33,800 TALK THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT. 4991 03:36:33,800 --> 03:36:36,400 I ALSO THINK IT IS REALLY 4992 03:36:36,400 --> 03:36:37,880 IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER WHAT 4993 03:36:37,880 --> 03:36:40,240 MATTERS MOST TO PATIENTS THAT WE 4994 03:36:40,240 --> 03:36:42,040 SHOULD INCORPORATE 4995 03:36:42,040 --> 03:36:44,000 PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AS 4996 03:36:44,000 --> 03:36:46,760 MUCH AS WE CAN IN THESE TRIALS 4997 03:36:46,760 --> 03:36:49,480 AND DO THINK THAT IF, AGAIN, AS 4998 03:36:49,480 --> 03:36:50,920 MUCH AS FEASIBLE, WE SHOULD 4999 03:36:50,920 --> 03:36:55,560 INCLUDE OUTCOMES THAT CAN BE 5000 03:36:55,560 --> 03:36:57,440 COMPARED ACROSS TRIALS TO LEARN 5001 03:36:57,440 --> 03:36:58,960 FROM EACH OTHER AS WE MOVE 5002 03:36:58,960 --> 03:37:01,560 FORWARD. ON THAT NOTE, IF YOU 5003 03:37:01,560 --> 03:37:05,400 HAVE NOT SEEN THE GERIATRIC 5004 03:37:05,400 --> 03:37:07,600 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT LIBRARY THEY 5005 03:37:07,600 --> 03:37:09,760 CALL IT GRILL ON PEPPER CENTER 5006 03:37:09,760 --> 03:37:13,480 NATIONAL WEBSITE THERE IS A 5007 03:37:13,480 --> 03:37:16,000 COMPENDIUM OF MEASURES YOU CAN 5008 03:37:16,000 --> 03:37:18,400 FIND WITH REFERENCES HOW TO 5009 03:37:18,400 --> 03:37:20,040 MEASURE 6 MINUTE WALK OR 5010 03:37:20,040 --> 03:37:22,320 BASICALLY ALL -- THERE IS 5011 03:37:22,320 --> 03:37:23,080 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES AND THAT IS 5012 03:37:23,080 --> 03:37:24,560 A GOOD STARTING PLACE FOR ALL OF 5013 03:37:24,560 --> 03:37:27,320 US SO WE ARE USING SIMILAR 5014 03:37:27,320 --> 03:37:29,280 METHODS ACROSS THESE STUDIES. 5015 03:37:29,280 --> 03:37:33,160 WITH THAT, I WILL JUST STOP 5016 03:37:33,160 --> 03:37:34,160 THERE. 5017 03:37:34,160 --> 03:37:42,080 THANK YOU! 5018 03:37:42,080 --> 03:37:43,600 >>GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 5019 03:37:43,600 --> 03:37:45,760 THANK YOU TO THE ORGANIZERS FOR 5020 03:37:45,760 --> 03:37:47,360 INVITING ME. TELLING YOU A 5021 03:37:47,360 --> 03:37:53,480 LITTLE ABOUT MY EXPERIENCE AND 5022 03:37:53,480 --> 03:37:54,840 JOURNEY THINKING ABOUT CLINICAL 5023 03:37:54,840 --> 03:37:58,920 TRIAL AND WILL BE A REALLY 5024 03:37:58,920 --> 03:38:00,840 EUROPEAN [INDISCERNIBLE] UK IN 5025 03:38:00,840 --> 03:38:03,960 THE LAST YEAR ESPECIALLY AFTER 5026 03:38:03,960 --> 03:38:06,240 EXIT FROM BREXIT AND HOW WE 5027 03:38:06,240 --> 03:38:07,760 THINK THERE AND NO DOUBT WE ARE 5028 03:38:07,760 --> 03:38:11,440 A LITTLE BIT BEHIND THE UNITED 5029 03:38:11,440 --> 03:38:14,640 STATES JOURNEY STARTED 8 YEARS 5030 03:38:14,640 --> 03:38:17,240 AGO FOUNDED BY EUROPEAN UNION TO 5031 03:38:17,240 --> 03:38:19,720 HAVE CONSORTIA TO THINK ABOUT 5032 03:38:19,720 --> 03:38:21,280 THIS AND CALLED MOUSE AGE AND 5033 03:38:21,280 --> 03:38:22,960 TITLE GIVES IT AWAY AND ACTUALLY 5034 03:38:22,960 --> 03:38:26,280 MANY OF US WERE PRECLINICAL 5035 03:38:26,280 --> 03:38:27,960 RESEARCHER DOING EXPERIMENTS IN 5036 03:38:27,960 --> 03:38:30,040 MICE AND WANTED TO KNOW WHAT WE 5037 03:38:30,040 --> 03:38:31,520 WERE SUPPOSED TO TEST AND HOW TO 5038 03:38:31,520 --> 03:38:34,960 DO EXPERIMENT PTS TO FACILITATE 5039 03:38:34,960 --> 03:38:36,320 TRANSITION TO A CLINICAL TRIAL 5040 03:38:36,320 --> 03:38:39,200 AND ANSWER WAS WE HAD TO LOOK 5041 03:38:39,200 --> 03:38:41,080 FIRST AT CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN 5042 03:38:41,080 --> 03:38:44,800 AND WORK BACKWARDS EXPERIMENT IN 5043 03:38:44,800 --> 03:38:49,320 MICE THAT LED TO ASK QUESTION 5044 03:38:49,320 --> 03:38:50,840 WHICH PATIENTS WOULD BENEFIT 5045 03:38:50,840 --> 03:38:53,240 FROM THESE INTERVENTIONS AND AT 5046 03:38:53,240 --> 03:38:55,240 TIME A LOT OF THINKING WAS ABOUT 5047 03:38:55,240 --> 03:38:59,320 EXTENSION OF LIFESPAN. WE WERE 5048 03:38:59,320 --> 03:39:03,920 REALLY BROUGHT DOWN TO EARTH 5049 03:39:03,920 --> 03:39:08,440 WITH -- AND NOVARTIS IN THIS AND 5050 03:39:08,440 --> 03:39:11,040 BROUGHT US BACK TO REALITY AND 5051 03:39:11,040 --> 03:39:12,320 CONSENSUS WAS QUICKLY REACHED 5052 03:39:12,320 --> 03:39:16,320 AND REALLY FOCUSING ON FRAILTY 5053 03:39:16,320 --> 03:39:18,680 AND MULTI-MORBIDITY WAS THE WAY 5054 03:39:18,680 --> 03:39:21,080 TO GO. IT WAS BECAUSE OF THE 5055 03:39:21,080 --> 03:39:22,360 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLECULE ABLE 5056 03:39:22,360 --> 03:39:26,560 TO LOOK AT MULTIPLE DEFICITS AND 5057 03:39:26,560 --> 03:39:27,960 MULTIPLE DISEASE AT SAME TIME 5058 03:39:27,960 --> 03:39:29,280 ALSO BECAUSE THERE WAS REALLY 5059 03:39:29,280 --> 03:39:32,000 IMPORTANT PROBLEM AND SINGLE 5060 03:39:32,000 --> 03:39:33,120 DISEASE MODEL DOESN'T WORK WELL 5061 03:39:33,120 --> 03:39:35,320 FOR THESE PATIENTS AND WE WERE 5062 03:39:35,320 --> 03:39:36,800 VERY AWARE OF FACT THAT WE HAD 5063 03:39:36,800 --> 03:39:40,360 TO AGREE TO DEFINITION THAT WE 5064 03:39:40,360 --> 03:39:42,360 HAD DEREGULATORS AND MEASURE OF 5065 03:39:42,360 --> 03:39:44,800 OUTCOMES AND WE HAD 5066 03:39:44,800 --> 03:39:47,400 CONVERSATIONS AND I HAVE TO SAY 5067 03:39:47,400 --> 03:39:48,680 RECEPTION WAS QUITE DIFFERENT 5068 03:39:48,680 --> 03:39:50,720 FROM THE START AND FOR REASONS I 5069 03:39:50,720 --> 03:39:53,440 WILL ELABORATE MORE IN THE NEXT 5070 03:39:53,440 --> 03:39:55,360 SLIDES AND BOTTOM LINE THEY 5071 03:39:55,360 --> 03:39:57,280 ADVISED US TO FOCUS ON TWO OR 5072 03:39:57,280 --> 03:40:01,080 THREE CASE STUDIES AND REALLY 5073 03:40:01,080 --> 03:40:03,880 WORK THEM OUT VERY WELL WITH 5074 03:40:03,880 --> 03:40:08,320 SAME DRUG DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM 5075 03:40:08,320 --> 03:40:11,360 USED FOR SINGLE DISEASE MODEL 5076 03:40:11,360 --> 03:40:12,800 LOOKING AT TRIAL SHORT DURATION 5077 03:40:12,800 --> 03:40:14,240 MAKING IT CLEAR TO US THEY 5078 03:40:14,240 --> 03:40:15,680 DIDN'T WANT TO KNOW ANYTHING 5079 03:40:15,680 --> 03:40:17,200 LIKE THE [INDISCERNIBLE] TRIAL 5080 03:40:17,200 --> 03:40:19,800 AND USE OF REPURPOSE MOLECULE. 5081 03:40:19,800 --> 03:40:22,000 AT LEAST ONE OF THE PROBLEM WITH 5082 03:40:22,000 --> 03:40:23,200 CHALLENGES WOULD HAVE BEEN 5083 03:40:23,200 --> 03:40:26,120 PUTTING IT TO BED IN A GOOD 5084 03:40:26,120 --> 03:40:27,200 SAFETY PROFILE. 5085 03:40:27,200 --> 03:40:31,520 AND SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT 5086 03:40:31,520 --> 03:40:32,880 ALSO EMERGED WAS FACT THAT WE 5087 03:40:32,880 --> 03:40:34,240 NEEDED TO INVOLVE AND TALK TO 5088 03:40:34,240 --> 03:40:36,320 ALL OF THE STAKEHOLDERS AND WE 5089 03:40:36,320 --> 03:40:38,520 NEEDED TO IN A WAY INFLUENCE 5090 03:40:38,520 --> 03:40:41,320 BOTH IN TERMS OF FUNDING AND IN 5091 03:40:41,320 --> 03:40:43,560 TERMS OF THINKING ABOUT WHAT WAS 5092 03:40:43,560 --> 03:40:50,680 ROOT MARKET AND WHAT WAS 5093 03:40:50,680 --> 03:40:51,880 ACCEPTABLE. 5094 03:40:51,880 --> 03:40:55,520 SO, WE DID. WE BROUGHT TOGETHER 5095 03:40:55,520 --> 03:40:56,800 REGULATE YR AND PATIENTS 5096 03:40:56,800 --> 03:40:58,920 ORGANIZATIONS AND POLICY MAKER 5097 03:40:58,920 --> 03:41:00,480 AND LEADERS IN HEALTH SYSTEM AND 5098 03:41:00,480 --> 03:41:02,080 WRITING GRANTS WE HAVE TO TELL 5099 03:41:02,080 --> 03:41:03,840 HOW IS THIS GOING TO IMPLEMENT 5100 03:41:03,840 --> 03:41:06,200 IT IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM 5101 03:41:06,200 --> 03:41:09,560 WHO WILL ADMINISTER DRUGS AND 5102 03:41:09,560 --> 03:41:11,840 WILL BE GERIATRICIAN AND GP AND 5103 03:41:11,840 --> 03:41:13,600 WHEN YOU ARE JUST NOT EVEN 5104 03:41:13,600 --> 03:41:16,520 KNOWING WHAT PRIMARY MEASURE OF 5105 03:41:16,520 --> 03:41:18,000 OUTCOME IS BECOMES QUITE 5106 03:41:18,000 --> 03:41:19,480 DAUNTING WANTING TO REALLY 5107 03:41:19,480 --> 03:41:20,120 UNDERSTAND WHERE PEOPLE WERE 5108 03:41:20,120 --> 03:41:20,760 WITH THIS. 5109 03:41:20,760 --> 03:41:23,240 IT IS FAIR TO SAY THAT NOT MANY 5110 03:41:23,240 --> 03:41:27,240 KNEW ABOUT GEROSCIENCE AND 5111 03:41:27,240 --> 03:41:28,240 GEROSCIENCE DEPARTMENT AND THOSE 5112 03:41:28,240 --> 03:41:32,360 THAT KNEW, ACTUALLY, THEY WERE 5113 03:41:32,360 --> 03:41:35,200 NEGATIVELY, LET'S SAY SORT OF 5114 03:41:35,200 --> 03:41:36,080 IMPRESSED. 5115 03:41:36,080 --> 03:41:38,760 IDEA THAT WE WERE -- THEY KNEW 5116 03:41:38,760 --> 03:41:41,120 THINGS THAT WE WERE TALKING 5117 03:41:41,120 --> 03:41:44,000 BEFORE. INSISTENCE ON LIFE 5118 03:41:44,000 --> 03:41:44,920 SCIENCE EXTENSION AND REAL THINK 5119 03:41:44,920 --> 03:41:47,200 THEY DIDN'T LIKE THAT AGING 5120 03:41:47,200 --> 03:41:48,400 SHOULD OBVIOUSLY BE CONSIDERED A 5121 03:41:48,400 --> 03:41:50,440 DISEASE AND IF DISEASE IS NOT 5122 03:41:50,440 --> 03:41:52,120 WHAT WE WERE WANTING TO TALK 5123 03:41:52,120 --> 03:41:54,800 ABOUT, THESE MADE A CONVERSATION 5124 03:41:54,800 --> 03:41:58,080 REALLY DIFFICULT TO START. 5125 03:41:58,080 --> 03:42:01,040 THOSE THAT WERE NOT FAMILIAR, 5126 03:42:01,040 --> 03:42:02,920 OPINION BARRED IT. WE WERE 5127 03:42:02,920 --> 03:42:05,240 QUITE TAKEN ABACK BY LEVEL OF 5128 03:42:05,240 --> 03:42:06,480 OPPOSITION. THEY ARE -- YOU 5129 03:42:06,480 --> 03:42:08,080 KNOW, SOME THOUGHT IT WAS TOO 5130 03:42:08,080 --> 03:42:11,120 GOOD TO BE TRUE AND IS MOST 5131 03:42:11,120 --> 03:42:13,080 BENIGN. THEY WERE ANXIETY ABOUT 5132 03:42:13,080 --> 03:42:15,600 FACT THAT THEY WERE PROPOSING A 5133 03:42:15,600 --> 03:42:19,320 DRUG TO TACKLE ISSUES THAT 5134 03:42:19,320 --> 03:42:22,520 ACTUALLY WHERE VIEW PRIMARILY 5135 03:42:22,520 --> 03:42:24,760 DEALT WITH OTHER FACTORS AND 5136 03:42:24,760 --> 03:42:26,960 WAS, AGAIN, OVERMEDICALIZATION 5137 03:42:26,960 --> 03:42:29,120 OF THE PROBLEM. 5138 03:42:29,120 --> 03:42:32,120 AND THEIR WAY TO GO WAS 5139 03:42:32,120 --> 03:42:33,000 PRESCRIBING AND SOCIAL 5140 03:42:33,000 --> 03:42:34,600 PRESCRIBING AND WE REALIZED THAT 5141 03:42:34,600 --> 03:42:36,000 WE WERE ACTUALLY GETTING INTO 5142 03:42:36,000 --> 03:42:37,600 THE WAY OF OUR PEOPLE HAVING 5143 03:42:37,600 --> 03:42:41,080 OTHER STRATEGIES AND OTHER 5144 03:42:41,080 --> 03:42:42,640 VIEWS. THERE WAS NO MUCH 5145 03:42:42,640 --> 03:42:44,520 APPETITE FOR STARTING AND IT WAS 5146 03:42:44,520 --> 03:42:46,720 TOO COSTLY AND THEY WERE WORRIED 5147 03:42:46,720 --> 03:42:48,680 ABOUT SIDE EFFECT THAT WOULD 5148 03:42:48,680 --> 03:42:50,160 COME WITH PREVENTIVE 5149 03:42:50,160 --> 03:42:50,680 INTERVENTION. 5150 03:42:50,680 --> 03:42:54,080 SO, YOU KNOW, WE ARE ON BOARD 5151 03:42:54,080 --> 03:42:55,800 AND REALLY WE -- WE, YOU KNOW, 5152 03:42:55,800 --> 03:43:00,200 HAD TO GO BACK AND THINK A BIT 5153 03:43:00,200 --> 03:43:00,960 HARDER. 5154 03:43:00,960 --> 03:43:02,600 YOU KNOW, WE ALWAYS HAVE USED IN 5155 03:43:02,600 --> 03:43:04,320 THE PAST WAS NARRATIVE THAT WE 5156 03:43:04,320 --> 03:43:06,080 HEARD MANY TIMES ALSO IN THE 5157 03:43:06,080 --> 03:43:08,640 MEETING AND THIS WAS THE FACT 5158 03:43:08,640 --> 03:43:11,480 THAT LIFESPAN WAS EXTENDING BY 5159 03:43:11,480 --> 03:43:13,840 HEALTH SPAN WASN'T. THIS IS 5160 03:43:13,840 --> 03:43:16,880 DATA FOR UK. WHERE, YOU KNOW, 5161 03:43:16,880 --> 03:43:19,760 IT HAS LIFE EXPECTANCY IS 5162 03:43:19,760 --> 03:43:21,480 STAGNATING AT BEST GOING DOWN IN 5163 03:43:21,480 --> 03:43:23,960 LAST THREE YEARS AND WE WERE 5164 03:43:23,960 --> 03:43:26,720 TALKING TO PEOPLE ABOUT IDEA OF 5165 03:43:26,720 --> 03:43:28,000 HEALTH [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT WAS 5166 03:43:28,000 --> 03:43:30,440 INCREASING AND DOING THIS 5167 03:43:30,440 --> 03:43:32,360 LOOKING AT EURO STAT DATA WE 5168 03:43:32,360 --> 03:43:34,520 ACTUALLY STUMBLED ACROSS FACT 5169 03:43:34,520 --> 03:43:36,120 THAT THIS GRAPH WAS NOT TRUE FOR 5170 03:43:36,120 --> 03:43:38,400 EVERY COUNTRY AND LOOKING AT 5171 03:43:38,400 --> 03:43:42,600 SWEDEN, FOR EXAMPLE. IN SWEDEN 5172 03:43:42,600 --> 03:43:44,400 HEALTH LIFE EXPECTANCY INCREASED 5173 03:43:44,400 --> 03:43:47,480 BY 5 YEARS IN LAST 12 WITH THE 5174 03:43:47,480 --> 03:43:49,360 -- YOU KNOW, WITH LIFE 5175 03:43:49,360 --> 03:43:50,600 EXPECTANCY THAT HAS BEEN GOING 5176 03:43:50,600 --> 03:43:52,720 UP IN SIMILAR WAY TO THE UK. 5177 03:43:52,720 --> 03:43:56,280 THIS WAS ENCOURAGING IN ONE WAY. 5178 03:43:56,280 --> 03:43:58,760 ALSO, TOLD US THAT ACTUALLY IT 5179 03:43:58,760 --> 03:44:00,680 WAS HAPPENING ALREADY AND THERE 5180 03:44:00,680 --> 03:44:02,920 WAS NO REAL NEED OF DRUGS. AT 5181 03:44:02,920 --> 03:44:04,320 LEAST NOT IN THIS WAY. 5182 03:44:04,320 --> 03:44:06,760 SO, WE REALLY WENT BACK AND 5183 03:44:06,760 --> 03:44:08,160 LOOKED AT WHAT SWEDEN IS DOING 5184 03:44:08,160 --> 03:44:11,640 THAT OTHER COUNTRIES WERE NOT 5185 03:44:11,640 --> 03:44:11,880 DOING. 5186 03:44:11,880 --> 03:44:16,040 I -- AND IN 2003, PARLIAMENT IN 5187 03:44:16,040 --> 03:44:18,480 SWEDEN ADOPTED A NEW PUBLIC 5188 03:44:18,480 --> 03:44:21,800 HEALTH POLICY TO CREATE 5189 03:44:21,800 --> 03:44:22,880 STRUCTURALED CONDITION FOR 5190 03:44:22,880 --> 03:44:24,520 HEALTH AND ENTIRE POPULATION AND 5191 03:44:24,520 --> 03:44:26,480 THEY ACTUALLY SHIFTED THE 5192 03:44:26,480 --> 03:44:28,280 PARADIGM AND INSTEAD OF THINKING 5193 03:44:28,280 --> 03:44:30,680 ABOUT TREATING DISEASE, IT WAS 5194 03:44:30,680 --> 03:44:33,280 TO SORT OF ADDRESS DETERMINANTS 5195 03:44:33,280 --> 03:44:35,480 OF HEALTH AND ADDRESSING ALL 5196 03:44:35,480 --> 03:44:36,880 FACTORS WE TALKED ABOUT MONDAY 5197 03:44:36,880 --> 03:44:39,280 AND STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY AND 5198 03:44:39,280 --> 03:44:41,480 PEOPLE LIVING IN CONDITION AND 5199 03:44:41,480 --> 03:44:43,760 LIFESTYLE AND ALL THOSE FACTORED 5200 03:44:43,760 --> 03:44:45,480 EFFECT THAT HAD GOOD HEALTH AND 5201 03:44:45,480 --> 03:44:47,200 CAME UP WITH 11 DOMAINS AND ONE 5202 03:44:47,200 --> 03:44:49,400 YOU CAN SEE HERE IN THE GREEN 5203 03:44:49,400 --> 03:44:49,920 BOX. 5204 03:44:49,920 --> 03:44:52,800 AND, YOU KNOW, THERE IS NOTHING 5205 03:44:52,800 --> 03:44:54,960 IN THE 11 REMAINS THAT WE DON'T 5206 03:44:54,960 --> 03:44:57,240 KNOW ABOUT AND ARE VERY OBVIOUS. 5207 03:44:57,240 --> 03:45:01,960 WHAT THEY DID WAS APPLYING 5208 03:45:01,960 --> 03:45:04,280 SYSTEMATICALLY AT LOCAL AND 5209 03:45:04,280 --> 03:45:06,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] LEVEL AND 5210 03:45:06,320 --> 03:45:07,920 BASICALLY FOR ANY POLICY THAT 5211 03:45:07,920 --> 03:45:10,000 SWEDEN HAS TO THINK ABOUT, THEY 5212 03:45:10,000 --> 03:45:11,760 HAVE TO MAKE SURE IT DOESN'T 5213 03:45:11,760 --> 03:45:14,480 HARM THESE 11 DOMAINS AND THIS 5214 03:45:14,480 --> 03:45:17,520 IS THE INTEGRATIVE APPROACH THAT 5215 03:45:17,520 --> 03:45:18,920 PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT AMONG 5216 03:45:18,920 --> 03:45:19,240 INACTION. 5217 03:45:19,240 --> 03:45:21,040 WHAT THAT TELLS US IS ACTUALLY 5218 03:45:21,040 --> 03:45:23,000 SOCIAL POLICIES REALLY DO WORK 5219 03:45:23,000 --> 03:45:25,160 AND PEOPLE ARE OPPOSED TO DRUG 5220 03:45:25,160 --> 03:45:26,880 APPROACH HAVE A POINT. WE 5221 03:45:26,880 --> 03:45:31,680 REALLY NEED TO LISTEN TO THEM. 5222 03:45:31,680 --> 03:45:34,040 SO, THIS BROUGHT US BACK TO OUR 5223 03:45:34,040 --> 03:45:35,480 OWN STRATEGY AT THAT POINT. 5224 03:45:35,480 --> 03:45:37,720 REALLY, THIS WAS A TIME WHERE 5225 03:45:37,720 --> 03:45:39,720 THE UNIVERSITY WAS UNDERGOING 5226 03:45:39,720 --> 03:45:41,040 RESTRUCTURING AND GAVE US THE 5227 03:45:41,040 --> 03:45:44,640 OPPORTUNITY TO OPEN A NEW 5228 03:45:44,640 --> 03:45:45,160 INSTITUTE. 5229 03:45:45,160 --> 03:45:48,360 SO, THE NEW INSTITUTE WAS BASED 5230 03:45:48,360 --> 03:45:50,360 ON SCIENCE HYPOTHESIS. WE DO 5231 03:45:50,360 --> 03:45:52,600 AGREE THAT OUR RATE OF 5232 03:45:52,600 --> 03:45:55,040 BIOLOGICAL AGING IS VARIABLE AND 5233 03:45:55,040 --> 03:45:58,240 MALIABLE. WHAT WE THINK IS THAT 5234 03:45:58,240 --> 03:46:01,280 THE RATE OF AGING IS EFFECTED BY 5235 03:46:01,280 --> 03:46:03,600 ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FACTORS 5236 03:46:03,600 --> 03:46:06,680 ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE WHETHER 5237 03:46:06,680 --> 03:46:09,320 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, ETHNICITY, 5238 03:46:09,320 --> 03:46:11,080 LIFESTYLE AND ETHNICITY AND 5239 03:46:11,080 --> 03:46:13,120 WHATEVER ELSE. REALLY, AT THAT 5240 03:46:13,120 --> 03:46:16,080 POINT, ADDRESSING THIS IS 5241 03:46:16,080 --> 03:46:18,760 PRIORITY. OF COURSE, WHEN 5242 03:46:18,760 --> 03:46:20,160 POLICY FAILS, THEN WHERE MAYBE 5243 03:46:20,160 --> 03:46:21,680 THERE IS AN ADVANTAGE IN USING 5244 03:46:21,680 --> 03:46:24,360 DRUG AND REALLY SO THE INSTITUTE 5245 03:46:24,360 --> 03:46:26,080 IS VERY MUCH INTERDISCIPLINARY 5246 03:46:26,080 --> 03:46:28,640 AND EMBRACING THE INTEGRATIVE 5247 03:46:28,640 --> 03:46:32,400 APPROACH OF ALL MEASURES. 5248 03:46:32,400 --> 03:46:34,840 WITH THIS IN MIND WE WENT BACK 5249 03:46:34,840 --> 03:46:41,280 TO ADVICE OF MHRA AND IMA AND 5250 03:46:41,280 --> 03:46:43,800 WENT ABOUT WHAT ARE OUR TWO CASE 5251 03:46:43,800 --> 03:46:44,920 STUDIES? 5252 03:46:44,920 --> 03:46:47,320 ONE WAS ON FRAILTY. YOU HEARD 5253 03:46:47,320 --> 03:46:49,040 THIS BEFORE. DEFINITION THAT WE 5254 03:46:49,040 --> 03:46:52,000 LIKE IS ACCUMULATION OF DEFICITS 5255 03:46:52,000 --> 03:46:54,560 THAT LEAD TO REAL ACTIONARY IN 5256 03:46:54,560 --> 03:46:56,360 RESERVES AND WHEN YOU HAVE 5257 03:46:56,360 --> 03:46:58,400 REDUCTION IN RESERVES, I DON'T 5258 03:46:58,400 --> 03:47:01,840 KNOW WHETHER IN WILL WORK OR 5259 03:47:01,840 --> 03:47:02,040 NOT. 5260 03:47:02,040 --> 03:47:06,560 YOU HAVE A -- SO, YOU HAVE A 5261 03:47:06,560 --> 03:47:08,320 STRESSOR. YOUR RECOVERY IS 5262 03:47:08,320 --> 03:47:11,520 SLOWER AND NEVER GOES BACK TO 5263 03:47:11,520 --> 03:47:11,840 BASELINE. 5264 03:47:11,840 --> 03:47:14,600 AS A PRIMARY MEASURE OF OUTCOME, 5265 03:47:14,600 --> 03:47:17,080 WE REALLY LIKE THE FRAILTY IN 5266 03:47:17,080 --> 03:47:19,560 THIS AND WHAT AND HOW IT WAS SET 5267 03:47:19,560 --> 03:47:22,360 YESTERDAY AND REFLECTS WELL IDEA 5268 03:47:22,360 --> 03:47:25,920 OF ACCUMULATION OF DEFICIT AND 5269 03:47:25,920 --> 03:47:28,320 REDUCE RESERVES CORRELATING WITH 5270 03:47:28,320 --> 03:47:29,400 MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION 5271 03:47:29,400 --> 03:47:32,920 AND USE OF SOCIAL CARE. ALSO, 5272 03:47:32,920 --> 03:47:34,920 CAN HAVE A GROUP DOING REALLY 5273 03:47:34,920 --> 03:47:38,040 GOOD WORK DEFINING CLINICAL 5274 03:47:38,040 --> 03:47:40,360 MEANINGFUL CHANGE AND FRAILTY 5275 03:47:40,360 --> 03:47:44,400 INDEX CHANGE OF .03 EQUIVALENT 5276 03:47:44,400 --> 03:47:47,200 TO CLINICAL FRAILTY SCARE OF 1 5277 03:47:47,200 --> 03:47:49,200 POINT GOING FROM MANAGING WELL 5278 03:47:49,200 --> 03:47:52,280 WHICH MEANS PATIENTS ARE STILL 5279 03:47:52,280 --> 03:47:53,480 INDEPENDENT AND CONSIDER THEIR 5280 03:47:53,480 --> 03:47:55,640 HEALTH GOOD HEALTH TO BE 5281 03:47:55,640 --> 03:47:56,320 VULNERABLE. 5282 03:47:56,320 --> 03:47:58,760 IT MEANS THAT THE PATIENT FEELS 5283 03:47:58,760 --> 03:48:01,160 THAT IT IS NOT COMPLETELY 5284 03:48:01,160 --> 03:48:02,920 INDEPENDENT AND NEEDS SUPPORT 5285 03:48:02,920 --> 03:48:06,120 AND HAS DIFFICULTY, YOU KNOW, 5286 03:48:06,120 --> 03:48:09,560 CLIMBING A FLIGHT OF STAIRS AND 5287 03:48:09,560 --> 03:48:10,440 CONSIDERED HEALTH POOR. 5288 03:48:10,440 --> 03:48:13,080 SO, IT IS QUITE A BIG DIFFERENCE 5289 03:48:13,080 --> 03:48:15,280 THERE. 5290 03:48:15,280 --> 03:48:17,760 ALSO, WE LIKE THIS BECAUSE, YOU 5291 03:48:17,760 --> 03:48:22,000 KNOW, SMALL CHANGES WILL MAKE A 5292 03:48:22,000 --> 03:48:22,920 BIG DIFFERENCE. 5293 03:48:22,920 --> 03:48:26,120 HAVING DONE WORK SHOWING THAT IF 5294 03:48:26,120 --> 03:48:30,640 WE MANAGE TO SORT OF PREVENT 5295 03:48:30,640 --> 03:48:35,560 SHIFT TO NO FRAILTY FOR 1% OF 5296 03:48:35,560 --> 03:48:37,040 THE POPULATION, THEN IT SAVES TO 5297 03:48:37,040 --> 03:48:40,760 THE UK4.4 MILLION IN SOCIAL CARE 5298 03:48:40,760 --> 03:48:42,200 ALONE WITHOUT COUNTING HEALTH 5299 03:48:42,200 --> 03:48:44,560 CARE. SO, IT IS -- YOU KNOW, 5300 03:48:44,560 --> 03:48:49,000 SMALL CHANGES COULD MAKE A BIG 5301 03:48:49,000 --> 03:48:49,440 DIFFERENCE. 5302 03:48:49,440 --> 03:48:52,320 SO, DO WE -- DO WE REACH THE 5303 03:48:52,320 --> 03:48:55,520 MINIMUM CLINIC OF MEANINGFUL 5304 03:48:55,520 --> 03:48:57,600 CHANGE OR CLINICAL MEANINGFUL 5305 03:48:57,600 --> 03:48:58,480 CHANGE? 5306 03:48:58,480 --> 03:49:00,720 IF WE LOOK AT MICE EXPERIMENTS, 5307 03:49:00,720 --> 03:49:04,120 WE DO. SO, WE HAVE SELECTIVE 5308 03:49:04,120 --> 03:49:04,880 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND YOU HEARD 5309 03:49:04,880 --> 03:49:07,360 ABOUT THEM ALREADY. I DON'T 5310 03:49:07,360 --> 03:49:09,240 NEED TO GO INTO DETAIL WITH 5311 03:49:09,240 --> 03:49:09,760 THEM. 5312 03:49:09,760 --> 03:49:12,400 EXCEPT THAT FOR THIS WE DID SHOW 5313 03:49:12,400 --> 03:49:16,320 THAT IT DOES [INDISCERNIBLE] TO 5314 03:49:16,320 --> 03:49:19,680 PATHWAY AND IT DOES PREVENT 5315 03:49:19,680 --> 03:49:20,240 SENESCENCE. 5316 03:49:20,240 --> 03:49:22,000 IN BOTH CASES FOR 5317 03:49:22,000 --> 03:49:23,560 [INDISCERNIBLE] WE HAVE 5318 03:49:23,560 --> 03:49:34,040 REDUCTION OF 0 TLE .3 AND .27 5319 03:49:34,040 --> 03:49:36,320 AND TRAJECTORY OF 20 MICE AND WE 5320 03:49:36,320 --> 03:49:39,040 CHOES THOSE 2 BECAUSE OF LOW 5321 03:49:39,040 --> 03:49:40,400 TOXICITY AND BECAUSE OF 5322 03:49:40,400 --> 03:49:44,960 INTERMITTENT USE TO TRY TO 5323 03:49:44,960 --> 03:49:47,200 ADDRESS CONCERN OF COST AND SORT 5324 03:49:47,200 --> 03:49:51,040 OF REPAY -- AND SORT OF 5325 03:49:51,040 --> 03:49:51,480 SIDE-EFFECTS. 5326 03:49:51,480 --> 03:49:53,600 SO, WHAT -- HOW DO WE WANT TO 5327 03:49:53,600 --> 03:49:54,840 IMPLEMENT THIS? 5328 03:49:54,840 --> 03:49:57,320 WE WOULD LIKE ELECTIVE SURGERY 5329 03:49:57,320 --> 03:49:58,520 AS A STRESSOR. 5330 03:49:58,520 --> 03:50:00,280 THIS IS SPECIFICALLY IN THIS 5331 03:50:00,280 --> 03:50:01,520 PARTICULARLY IN THE CASE OF 5332 03:50:01,520 --> 03:50:03,440 CANCER IT HAS A REALLY GOOD 5333 03:50:03,440 --> 03:50:05,080 ADVANTAGE. FIRST OF ALL, WE 5334 03:50:05,080 --> 03:50:06,680 KNOW WHEN IT WILL HAPPEN AND WE 5335 03:50:06,680 --> 03:50:08,680 DON'T NEED TO, YOU KNOW, TO 5336 03:50:08,680 --> 03:50:13,000 THINK ABOUT, YOU KNOW N WAYS OF 5337 03:50:13,000 --> 03:50:15,640 IDENTIFYING PATIENTS IN THAT WAY 5338 03:50:15,640 --> 03:50:18,800 AND YOU HAVE ACCESS TO SAMPLES 5339 03:50:18,800 --> 03:50:21,280 BEFORE AND AFTER TO MEASURE 5340 03:50:21,280 --> 03:50:22,080 SENESCENCE AND EFFECTS SHOULD 5341 03:50:22,080 --> 03:50:23,920 HAPPEN QUITE QUICKLY. I WILL 5342 03:50:23,920 --> 03:50:27,160 SHOW YOU SOME IN A MINUTE. WE 5343 03:50:27,160 --> 03:50:29,600 HAVE -- THIS IS LINDA WILD IN 5344 03:50:29,600 --> 03:50:31,600 THE INSTITUTE AND OLIVIA TURNER 5345 03:50:31,600 --> 03:50:35,480 WHO HAS WORKED ON A COHORT OR 5346 03:50:35,480 --> 03:50:38,160 AGE GAP STUDY THAT IS WOMEN OVER 5347 03:50:38,160 --> 03:50:40,720 AGE OF 70 WITH BREAST CANCER AND 5348 03:50:40,720 --> 03:50:42,680 ONGOING SURGERY AND MONITORED 5349 03:50:42,680 --> 03:50:45,680 FOR 24 MONTHS VARIETY OF 5350 03:50:45,680 --> 03:50:47,280 PARAMETERS AND QUALITY OF LIFE 5351 03:50:47,280 --> 03:50:49,120 PARAMETER AND IS ALSO TISSUES WE 5352 03:50:49,120 --> 03:50:50,640 CAN ANALYZE. 5353 03:50:50,640 --> 03:50:53,720 AND WHAT WE SEE HERE IS THAT -- 5354 03:50:53,720 --> 03:50:58,640 SO, THEY CALCULATE FRAILTY INDEX 5355 03:50:58,640 --> 03:50:59,480 FOR POPULATIONS. 5356 03:50:59,480 --> 03:51:02,960 AND I CAN MOVE THE MOUSE MAYBE. 5357 03:51:02,960 --> 03:51:06,440 SO, YOU CAN SEE THAT IN ROBUST 5358 03:51:06,440 --> 03:51:08,320 AT BASELINE AND BEFORE SURGERY, 5359 03:51:08,320 --> 03:51:10,480 WOMEN HAVE NO LIMITATION. THIS 5360 03:51:10,480 --> 03:51:13,320 IS ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING AND 5361 03:51:13,320 --> 03:51:14,320 AFTER SURGERY IMMEDIATELY AFTER 5362 03:51:14,320 --> 03:51:16,520 6 WEEKS AFTER SURGERY THERE IS A 5363 03:51:16,520 --> 03:51:18,440 PROPORTION OF THE PATIENT THAT 5364 03:51:18,440 --> 03:51:20,360 IS SORT OF HAVING SLIGHT 5365 03:51:20,360 --> 03:51:21,720 LIMITATION OR MODERATE 5366 03:51:21,720 --> 03:51:23,520 LIMITATIONS THAT IS IN -- THIS 5367 03:51:23,520 --> 03:51:25,960 IS IN PROPORTION THAT INCREASING 5368 03:51:25,960 --> 03:51:28,040 DEPENDING ON LEVEL OF FRAILTY 5369 03:51:28,040 --> 03:51:30,200 THAT THEY HAVE. WE FIND IT IS 5370 03:51:30,200 --> 03:51:31,840 REALLY AN INTERESTING POPULATION 5371 03:51:31,840 --> 03:51:33,640 BECAUSE MOST OF THEM BEFORE 5372 03:51:33,640 --> 03:51:36,280 SURGERY HAS NO LIMITATION BUT 5373 03:51:36,280 --> 03:51:38,000 MORE THAN 50% DEVELOP LIMITATION 5374 03:51:38,000 --> 03:51:41,320 AND DON'T SEEM TO RECOVER AT 24 5375 03:51:41,320 --> 03:51:42,480 MONTHS AND ARE A GOOD GROUP THAT 5376 03:51:42,480 --> 03:51:53,040 WE THINK WE COULD INTERVENE WE 5377 03:51:53,960 --> 03:51:57,160 NEED TO ADDRESS IN PROCESS OF 5378 03:51:57,160 --> 03:51:58,960 MAKING HRA AND MECHANISM OF 5379 03:51:58,960 --> 03:52:00,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] IS FINE AND WE 5380 03:52:00,280 --> 03:52:02,200 DON'T KNOW THE TARGET OR PATHWAY 5381 03:52:02,200 --> 03:52:05,160 AND THIS SEEMS TO REPRESENT 5382 03:52:05,160 --> 03:52:07,320 PROBLEMS FOR THOSE RESPONSE 5383 03:52:07,320 --> 03:52:08,320 STUDIES ESPECIALLY AND JIM SAYS 5384 03:52:08,320 --> 03:52:09,720 THERE MIGHT BE WAY AROUND IT. 5385 03:52:09,720 --> 03:52:11,960 WE WILL TRY THAT. WE THINK 5386 03:52:11,960 --> 03:52:13,720 PATIENT SELECTION COULD BE 5387 03:52:13,720 --> 03:52:14,120 REFINED. 5388 03:52:14,120 --> 03:52:16,640 YOU KNOW, PARTICULARLY WE WILL 5389 03:52:16,640 --> 03:52:19,440 TAKE BIOSOCIAL APPROACH TO THIS 5390 03:52:19,440 --> 03:52:22,120 AND CAN MEASURE SENESCENCE CELLS 5391 03:52:22,120 --> 03:52:23,920 CORRELATING WITH ACTIVITY OF 5392 03:52:23,920 --> 03:52:27,520 DAILY LIVING AND OUTCOME AND WE 5393 03:52:27,520 --> 03:52:32,000 KNOW FRAILTY IS VERY ASSOCIATED 5394 03:52:32,000 --> 03:52:33,560 WITH DEPRIVATION AND 5395 03:52:33,560 --> 03:52:34,360 SPECIFICALLY CERTAIN ETHNIC 5396 03:52:34,360 --> 03:52:37,000 GROUP AND WE WANT TO DO 5397 03:52:37,000 --> 03:52:38,440 INTERSECTIONALITY ANALYSIS TO 5398 03:52:38,440 --> 03:52:40,400 SEE WHETHER IN THIS WAY WE CAN 5399 03:52:40,400 --> 03:52:44,120 IDENTIFY GROUPS OF PATIENTS MOST 5400 03:52:44,120 --> 03:52:45,360 SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE NEGATIVE 5401 03:52:45,360 --> 03:52:46,960 EFFECT OF SURGERY AND GIVING TWO 5402 03:52:46,960 --> 03:52:49,080 THINGS AND REFINING PATIENT 5403 03:52:49,080 --> 03:52:50,400 POPULATION AND SEEING WHETHER 5404 03:52:50,400 --> 03:52:52,040 THERE ARE OTHER SOLUTIONS THAT 5405 03:52:52,040 --> 03:52:55,120 MAY NOT BE DRUG-BASED OR IN 5406 03:52:55,120 --> 03:52:56,440 CONJUNCTION WITH DRUG-BASED 5407 03:52:56,440 --> 03:52:58,880 SOLUTIONS AND LOTS OF TALK ABOUT 5408 03:52:58,880 --> 03:53:01,080 ROOT OF REGISTRATIONS AND IN 5409 03:53:01,080 --> 03:53:02,480 THIS CASE, WE THINK THAT WHAT WE 5410 03:53:02,480 --> 03:53:04,640 WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS IS REALLY 5411 03:53:04,640 --> 03:53:06,200 THE INDICATION THAT IT IS THE 5412 03:53:06,200 --> 03:53:08,800 DISEASE THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH 5413 03:53:08,800 --> 03:53:10,560 FRAILTY AND WHETHER IT IS BREAST 5414 03:53:10,560 --> 03:53:12,320 CANCER OR COLON CANCER OR 5415 03:53:12,320 --> 03:53:14,840 WHATEVER IT IS. WE DO IMPROVE 5416 03:53:14,840 --> 03:53:17,160 THE OUTCOME OF THE SURGERY. 5417 03:53:17,160 --> 03:53:18,960 AND, OF COURSE, WE WOULDN'T WANT 5418 03:53:18,960 --> 03:53:20,880 TO DO ONLY ROCK OF FRAILTY INDEX 5419 03:53:20,880 --> 03:53:24,200 BUT WOULD LIKE IT TO BE PRIMARY 5420 03:53:24,200 --> 03:53:25,560 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND REGISTER IN 5421 03:53:25,560 --> 03:53:27,040 POINT AND WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS 5422 03:53:27,040 --> 03:53:28,680 THAT AND HOW MUCH VALIDATION IT 5423 03:53:28,680 --> 03:53:32,000 WILL NEED AND REQUIRE. 5424 03:53:32,000 --> 03:53:35,120 OTHER CASE STUDIES IS TACKLING 5425 03:53:35,120 --> 03:53:37,520 ISSUE OF MULTI-MORBIDITY. SO, 5426 03:53:37,520 --> 03:53:39,000 HERE WE HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT IN 5427 03:53:39,000 --> 03:53:40,960 MANY DIFFERENT WAYS AND WHAT WE 5428 03:53:40,960 --> 03:53:42,880 DECIDED TO GO FOR IN THE END 5429 03:53:42,880 --> 03:53:44,320 AFTER SEVERAL CONSULTATIONS 5430 03:53:44,320 --> 03:53:46,960 REALLY IS TO TAKE SOMETHING VERY 5431 03:53:46,960 --> 03:53:50,000 WELL-KNOWN AND ASSOCIATED SO 5432 03:53:50,000 --> 03:53:52,240 PEOPLE COULDN'T ARGUE 5433 03:53:52,240 --> 03:53:53,600 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 5434 03:53:53,600 --> 03:53:55,240 DEMENTIA AND SHOWING CAUSAL LINK 5435 03:53:55,240 --> 03:53:57,200 BETWEEN THE 2 THAT IS NOT 5436 03:53:57,200 --> 03:54:00,200 RANDOMLY ASSOCIATED THAT IS WORK 5437 03:54:00,200 --> 03:54:02,120 THAT IS LED BY SHEILA FRANCIS. 5438 03:54:02,120 --> 03:54:07,960 SHE HAS DONE AND INDUCED 5439 03:54:07,960 --> 03:54:11,600 ARTHROSCLEROSIS AND SEEING HERE 5440 03:54:11,600 --> 03:54:16,320 IF INDUCING ARJERRO SCLEROSIS 5 5441 03:54:16,320 --> 03:54:20,520 MONTH TIME PLAQUE OF HIPPOCAMPUS 5442 03:54:20,520 --> 03:54:25,280 AND WHERE WE SEE IMPROVEMENT IN 5443 03:54:25,280 --> 03:54:26,680 CARDIOVASCULAR AND BRAIN. NOW, 5444 03:54:26,680 --> 03:54:28,360 IT IS THE TIME WHERE WE ACTUALLY 5445 03:54:28,360 --> 03:54:30,960 THINK ABOUT HOW DO WE GO ABOUT 5446 03:54:30,960 --> 03:54:33,000 TRIALS AND WHAT DO WE WANT? 5447 03:54:33,000 --> 03:54:37,320 ONE TEASER WAS ONE OF TWO TRIALS 5448 03:54:37,320 --> 03:54:44,320 AND IN LONG TIME WE WANT A TRIAL 5449 03:54:44,320 --> 03:54:47,000 AND THERE IS AA LONG WAY TO GO 5450 03:54:47,000 --> 03:54:49,200 AND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER AND 5451 03:54:49,200 --> 03:54:51,680 HERE IS AI APPROACH WE START 5452 03:54:51,680 --> 03:54:54,280 TODAY TAKE AND USE ROUTINELY 5453 03:54:54,280 --> 03:54:57,560 COLLECTED CLIN TAL DATA PRIMARY 5454 03:54:57,560 --> 03:54:59,840 CARE AND SOCIAL CARE AND FROM 5455 03:54:59,840 --> 03:55:02,160 EDUCATION AND HOUSING AND THIS 5456 03:55:02,160 --> 03:55:04,680 IS AN AREA THAT IS BLOOD FLOW 5457 03:55:04,680 --> 03:55:07,040 THAT IS PARTICULARLY DEPRIVED IN 5458 03:55:07,040 --> 03:55:10,280 THE NORTH OF ENGLAND AND HAS A 5459 03:55:10,280 --> 03:55:14,160 VERY HIGH LEVEL OF ETHNICITY 5460 03:55:14,160 --> 03:55:17,640 ALLOWING TO HAVE A NICE AND 5461 03:55:17,640 --> 03:55:18,840 SOCIAL INTERSECTIONALITY WORK 5462 03:55:18,840 --> 03:55:20,400 THAT WE CAN DO AND LOOKING TO 5463 03:55:20,400 --> 03:55:23,800 MAP THEM AND LOOKING FOR PATTERN 5464 03:55:23,800 --> 03:55:26,520 ACROSS THE TIME IT TAKES A LONG 5465 03:55:26,520 --> 03:55:29,200 TIME FROM WHEN YOU HAVE SOME 5466 03:55:29,200 --> 03:55:31,600 MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 5467 03:55:31,600 --> 03:55:34,320 OR HYPERTENSION AND LIPODEMIA 5468 03:55:34,320 --> 03:55:36,760 YOU SEE ACTUALLY DEMENTIA THAT 5469 03:55:36,760 --> 03:55:38,720 IS A SMALL PROPORTION AND YOU 5470 03:55:38,720 --> 03:55:40,640 NEED BIOMARKER TO IDENTIFY THOSE 5471 03:55:40,640 --> 03:55:44,080 AND APPROACH WE TAKE IS TO DO IT 5472 03:55:44,080 --> 03:55:47,600 WITH EITHER CLINICAL EVENTS OR 5473 03:55:47,600 --> 03:55:51,080 BIOMARKER THAT WE COLLECT 5474 03:55:51,080 --> 03:55:52,800 ROUTINELY FOR OTHER REASONS 5475 03:55:52,800 --> 03:55:56,600 BLOOD OR URINE AND MAY NOT BE 5476 03:55:56,600 --> 03:56:01,200 POSSIBLE AND GOING BACK TO CLOKZ 5477 03:56:01,200 --> 03:56:04,320 GDPS TAKE THEM ALL THE TIME AND 5478 03:56:04,320 --> 03:56:08,880 HAVE TO BE CHEEP TO USE MEDIUM 5479 03:56:08,880 --> 03:56:10,160 TIME GOING BACK TO SINGLE 5480 03:56:10,160 --> 03:56:13,120 DISEASE MODEL WE CAN DO AND LOOK 5481 03:56:13,120 --> 03:56:15,280 FOR THINGS IN COMMON AND FOR 5482 03:56:15,280 --> 03:56:19,080 EXAMPLE WE SEE REDUCTION IN 5483 03:56:19,080 --> 03:56:20,760 ACTIVATION OF ASTO SITES IN THE 5484 03:56:20,760 --> 03:56:22,800 BRAIN AND WE CAN MEASURE BOTH IN 5485 03:56:22,800 --> 03:56:24,720 MICE AND PATIENTS AND BEFORE 5486 03:56:24,720 --> 03:56:26,600 THAT COULD BE FIRST THINGS TO DO 5487 03:56:26,600 --> 03:56:28,320 TO SEE WHETHER MECHANISM OF 5488 03:56:28,320 --> 03:56:30,640 ACTION THAT IS PRESENT IN BOTH 5489 03:56:30,640 --> 03:56:36,000 AND IN HUMAN AS MUCH AS IN 5490 03:56:36,000 --> 03:56:38,960 ANIMALS IN CONCLUSION WE HAVE 5491 03:56:38,960 --> 03:56:41,240 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND YOU WANT TO 5492 03:56:41,240 --> 03:56:43,840 WORK HARD ON AND YOU HAVE SEEN 5493 03:56:43,840 --> 03:56:46,280 APPROACHES AND BIOSOCIAL AND 5494 03:56:46,280 --> 03:56:48,320 CONSIDER DRUG APPROACH ONLY IF 5495 03:56:48,320 --> 03:56:50,640 OTHER MEASURES ARE NOT AVAILABLE 5496 03:56:50,640 --> 03:56:53,280 AND ONE PLEA I WAS GLAD TO HEAR 5497 03:56:53,280 --> 03:56:56,360 THIS MORNING AND AS A 5498 03:56:56,360 --> 03:56:57,160 GEROSCIENCE COMMUNITY WE SHOULD 5499 03:56:57,160 --> 03:57:00,320 BE MINDFUL HOW WE PRESENT AND 5500 03:57:00,320 --> 03:57:03,440 WHAT NARRATIVE IS WITH ALL 5501 03:57:03,440 --> 03:57:04,320 STAKEHOLDERS AND MIX TALKING 5502 03:57:04,320 --> 03:57:07,080 ABOUT AGING DISEASE MAKES LIFE 5503 03:57:07,080 --> 03:57:09,080 INCREDIBLY HARD FOR ALL OF US 5504 03:57:09,080 --> 03:57:11,080 AND WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL 5505 03:57:11,080 --> 03:57:13,080 LOVELY PEOPLE THAT WORK AND SOME 5506 03:57:13,080 --> 03:57:15,760 WERE HERE AT THE MEETING AND 5507 03:57:15,760 --> 03:57:17,640 WISH WE DID NOT GO ANYWHERE. 5508 03:57:17,640 --> 03:57:20,320 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 5509 03:57:20,320 --> 03:57:24,640 >>[APPLAUSE]. 5510 03:57:24,640 --> 03:57:26,800 >>>>HI. I'M HAENLER ALLORE 5511 03:57:26,800 --> 03:57:29,000 AND FROM YALE AND MAYBE YOU WILL 5512 03:57:29,000 --> 03:57:31,680 SEE MY SLIDES AT SOME POINT AND 5513 03:57:31,680 --> 03:57:34,840 ACKNOWLEDGING WE ARE ON 5514 03:57:34,840 --> 03:57:37,320 ANCESTRAL LAND OF THE POS CAT 5515 03:57:37,320 --> 03:57:39,920 AWAY PEOPLE THAT NO LONGER LIVE 5516 03:57:39,920 --> 03:57:41,760 HERE BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN 5517 03:57:41,760 --> 03:57:44,440 FORCED OUT. THINKING ABOUT 5518 03:57:44,440 --> 03:57:46,560 HEALTH EQUITY AND HEALTH 5519 03:57:46,560 --> 03:57:48,080 DISPARITIES, LET'S REMEMBER WHO 5520 03:57:48,080 --> 03:57:50,680 LIVED HERE FIRST AND TALKING A 5521 03:57:50,680 --> 03:57:54,000 LITTLE ABOUT SESSION MOTIVATION. 5522 03:57:54,000 --> 03:57:56,560 GEROSCIENCE CLINICAL TRIALS ARE 5523 03:57:56,560 --> 03:57:58,440 BASED ON GEROSCIENCE HYPOTHESIS. 5524 03:57:58,440 --> 03:58:01,320 WE HAVE BEEN HEARING A LOT ABOUT 5525 03:58:01,320 --> 03:58:03,040 THAT AND VERY RICH DISCUSSION 5526 03:58:03,040 --> 03:58:04,240 OVER THE THREE DAYS AND THESE 5527 03:58:04,240 --> 03:58:08,240 ARE REALLY TALKING ABOUT 5528 03:58:08,240 --> 03:58:09,720 INTERVENTIONS AGAINST MULTIPLE 5529 03:58:09,720 --> 03:58:12,120 CONDITIONS OF AGING AND TESTING 5530 03:58:12,120 --> 03:58:13,400 ANTIAGING THERAPY UTDICS THAT WE 5531 03:58:13,400 --> 03:58:15,360 HAVE BEEN HEARING ABOUT IT PAST 5532 03:58:15,360 --> 03:58:19,520 COUPLE DAYS AND LOOKING FOR 5533 03:58:19,520 --> 03:58:22,880 BIOMARKERS THAT MAY PRESENT A 5534 03:58:22,880 --> 03:58:26,880 SIGNAL AND APPEARS TO BE TWO 5535 03:58:26,880 --> 03:58:31,400 ROOTS AND IDEA TO TEST 1 5536 03:58:31,400 --> 03:58:32,960 THERAPEUTIC AND COMBINATIONS AND 5537 03:58:32,960 --> 03:58:37,520 TEST EFFECTS AGAINST MULTIPLE 5538 03:58:37,520 --> 03:58:38,880 GERIATRIC CONDITIONS AND 5539 03:58:38,880 --> 03:58:43,320 DISEASES REMAINING AGNOSTIC AS 5540 03:58:43,320 --> 03:58:44,320 TO WHICH THOSE ARE. 5541 03:58:44,320 --> 03:58:48,160 I'M TRYING TO BUILD IN HEALTH 5542 03:58:48,160 --> 03:58:50,080 EQUITY PREVENTING HEALTH 5543 03:58:50,080 --> 03:58:51,480 DISPARITIES BETWEEN CLINICAL 5544 03:58:51,480 --> 03:58:53,360 TRIALS, LAST PART ABOUT IT IS 5545 03:58:53,360 --> 03:58:54,720 IMPORTANT TO STRUCTURE TRIALS TO 5546 03:58:54,720 --> 03:58:58,200 BE INCLUSIVE INCORPORATING 5547 03:58:58,200 --> 03:59:00,280 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 5548 03:59:00,280 --> 03:59:01,640 AMONG PARAMETERS IS KEY IN WHAT 5549 03:59:01,640 --> 03:59:09,360 I WILL FOCUS ON. I WANT TO 5550 03:59:09,360 --> 03:59:10,680 REALLY BRING UP POINTS THAT 5551 03:59:10,680 --> 03:59:14,200 SPEAKERS FROM AARP AND DR. COHEN 5552 03:59:14,200 --> 03:59:18,640 AND KRUSHELL HAVE BROUGHT UP 5553 03:59:18,640 --> 03:59:20,440 ABOUT AGING NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES 5554 03:59:20,440 --> 03:59:24,160 WITH ADVERSE HEALTH IMPACTS AND 5555 03:59:24,160 --> 03:59:26,880 TALKING ABOUT DR. BUTLER'S WORK 5556 03:59:26,880 --> 03:59:30,160 EARLIER AND DR. LEVY AND 5557 03:59:30,160 --> 03:59:32,880 STEREOTYPE EMBODIMENT THEORY AND 5558 03:59:32,880 --> 03:59:38,280 THREE DISCRETE AGEISM PREDICTORS 5559 03:59:38,280 --> 03:59:44,120 AGE DISCRIMINATION AND NEGATIVE 5560 03:59:44,120 --> 03:59:46,480 STEREOTYPES AND NEGATIVE AGING 5561 03:59:46,480 --> 03:59:49,320 AND HAVE HEARD ACROSS MULTIPLE 5562 03:59:49,320 --> 03:59:50,640 COUNTRIES THAT WORLD HEALTH 5563 03:59:50,640 --> 03:59:53,640 ORGANIZATION HAS A GLOBAL 5564 03:59:53,640 --> 03:59:59,440 CAMPAIGN TO COMBAT AGEISM. 5565 03:59:59,440 --> 04:00:01,960 LOOKING FOR SOMETHING TO CROSS 5566 04:00:01,960 --> 04:00:04,600 MULTIPLE DISEASES AND CONDITIONS 5567 04:00:04,600 --> 04:00:06,880 WE NEED TO BE VERY SENSITIVE TO 5568 04:00:06,880 --> 04:00:09,160 LANGUAGE WE ARE DEVELOPING HERE 5569 04:00:09,160 --> 04:00:10,840 AROUND GEROSCIENCE. WHEN 5570 04:00:10,840 --> 04:00:18,040 TALKING ABOUT ANTIAGING, THAT IS 5571 04:00:18,040 --> 04:00:21,480 WORRISOME TO ME AND HEARING 5572 04:00:21,480 --> 04:00:23,520 SOMEONE FROM REFRAME AND GSA 5573 04:00:23,520 --> 04:00:25,480 EARLIER TOED THAT WE HAVE TO BE 5574 04:00:25,480 --> 04:00:26,960 SENSITIVE TO OUR LANGUAGE AND 5575 04:00:26,960 --> 04:00:34,920 WHAT PART OF AGING IS BAD? 5576 04:00:34,920 --> 04:00:38,480 GOING FROM INTANT TO TODDLER IS 5577 04:00:38,480 --> 04:00:41,040 BAD AND WHAT IS BAD WITH AGING? 5578 04:00:41,040 --> 04:00:42,760 SENSITIVE THAT PEOPLE STUDY THIS 5579 04:00:42,760 --> 04:00:44,520 AND THERE ARE INTERVENTIONS AND 5580 04:00:44,520 --> 04:00:49,600 DR. FARUCCI WORKED WITH DR. LEVY 5581 04:00:49,600 --> 04:00:51,840 SHOWING IN NUMEROUS 5582 04:00:51,840 --> 04:00:55,520 INTERVENTIONS BIOLOGIC OUTCOMES 5583 04:00:55,520 --> 04:00:57,640 ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE AGE 5584 04:00:57,640 --> 04:00:59,080 STEREOTYPES THAT ARE ABOUT IN 5585 04:00:59,080 --> 04:01:01,600 2020 AND DR. LEVY AND OTHERS HAD 5586 04:01:01,600 --> 04:01:04,760 AN ARTICLE THAT WAS IN THE 5587 04:01:04,760 --> 04:01:06,520 GERONTOLOGISTS THAT WERE SHARING 5588 04:01:06,520 --> 04:01:10,280 HEALTH CARE COSTS OF AGE 5589 04:01:10,280 --> 04:01:13,600 DISCRIMINATION NEGATIVE AGE 5590 04:01:13,600 --> 04:01:15,360 STEREOTYPES AND SELF-PERCEPTIONS 5591 04:01:15,360 --> 04:01:19,120 OF AGING ONE YEAR DATA HRS 5592 04:01:19,120 --> 04:01:21,280 LINKED WITH A NUMBER OF SOURCES 5593 04:01:21,280 --> 04:01:27,640 THAT IS BASED ON 8 VERY COMMON 5594 04:01:27,640 --> 04:01:30,880 HEALTH CONDITIONS AND WE SHOULD 5595 04:01:30,880 --> 04:01:35,600 BE AWARE AS PREVIOUS SPEAKER WAS 5596 04:01:35,600 --> 04:01:39,920 DEMONSTRATING NEXT K OR UK 5597 04:01:39,920 --> 04:01:42,800 EXAMPLE AS WELL AS SWEDEN THERE 5598 04:01:42,800 --> 04:01:45,240 ARE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND HOW 5599 04:01:45,240 --> 04:01:49,720 WE ARE INTERACTING WITH PEOPLE. 5600 04:01:49,720 --> 04:01:52,800 A PANELIST EARLIER SAID MOST 5601 04:01:52,800 --> 04:01:54,880 NEGATIVE PART GOING INTO 5602 04:01:54,880 --> 04:01:56,680 GERIATRICS WERE OTHER DOCTOR'S 5603 04:01:56,680 --> 04:01:58,760 PERCEPTIONS OF THAT REQUEST. WE 5604 04:01:58,760 --> 04:02:00,760 CAN ALL ACCIDENTALLY FALL INTO 5605 04:02:00,760 --> 04:02:01,640 THIS. 5606 04:02:01,640 --> 04:02:07,000 SO, THAT IS A CROSS-CUTTING 5607 04:02:07,000 --> 04:02:10,000 ACTIVITY. 5608 04:02:10,000 --> 04:02:13,120 I CAN'T TELL YOU EVERYTHING TO 5609 04:02:13,120 --> 04:02:15,000 KNOW ABOUT CLINICAL TRIALS BUT 5610 04:02:15,000 --> 04:02:18,960 THERE IS A PRINCIPLE ABOUT 5611 04:02:18,960 --> 04:02:21,560 EQUIPOISE AND BASICALLY THAT WE 5612 04:02:21,560 --> 04:02:24,240 HAVE UNCERTAINTY ABOUT AN 5613 04:02:24,240 --> 04:02:26,800 OUTCOME AND THERE IS CONFLICTING 5614 04:02:26,800 --> 04:02:30,280 EVIDENCE ABOUT MERITS OF A 5615 04:02:30,280 --> 04:02:31,880 TREATMENT THAT ARE ACTUALLY 5616 04:02:31,880 --> 04:02:34,960 ETHICAL IMPERATIVES AND THINK 5617 04:02:34,960 --> 04:02:37,640 YES. OKAY THIS IS IECHL 5618 04:02:37,640 --> 04:02:41,280 NEUTRAL. ARE WE REALLY? 5619 04:02:41,280 --> 04:02:44,880 I WOULD REALLY PRESS YOU TO BE 5620 04:02:44,880 --> 04:02:46,920 AGNOSTIC; RIGHT? 5621 04:02:46,920 --> 04:02:49,200 REALLY, BECAUSE WHEN WE ARE 5622 04:02:49,200 --> 04:02:50,120 RANDOMIZED PEOPLE THERE ARE MANY 5623 04:02:50,120 --> 04:02:53,000 DIFFERENT WAYS TO RANDOMIZE. 5624 04:02:53,000 --> 04:02:54,880 THIS IS AN ETHICAL PRINCIPLE 5625 04:02:54,880 --> 04:02:57,440 THAT HAS TO ALSO CONCERN RIGHTS 5626 04:02:57,440 --> 04:02:59,360 AND RESPECT OF ALL OF THE PEOPLE 5627 04:02:59,360 --> 04:03:00,280 IN THE TRIAL. 5628 04:03:00,280 --> 04:03:04,280 ARE WE REALLY MAKING TRIALS 5629 04:03:04,280 --> 04:03:06,200 REALLY AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE? 5630 04:03:06,200 --> 04:03:08,400 SO, THERE ARE SOME VERY BASIC 5631 04:03:08,400 --> 04:03:11,160 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES THAT UNDERLIE 5632 04:03:11,160 --> 04:03:14,680 ALL OF THESE. HEALTH EQUITY IS 5633 04:03:14,680 --> 04:03:18,360 NOT A NEW CONCEPT. NIH 5634 04:03:18,360 --> 04:03:21,200 REVITALIZATION ACT OF 1993 5635 04:03:21,200 --> 04:03:23,960 DESIGNATED RESEARCH THAT IS 5636 04:03:23,960 --> 04:03:26,360 DESIGNED FORAND REPORTS ON 5637 04:03:26,360 --> 04:03:28,240 EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS 5638 04:03:28,240 --> 04:03:29,840 BY SEX AND RACIAL ETHNIC GROUPS. 5639 04:03:29,840 --> 04:03:32,440 WE HAVE BEEN DOING THAT SINCE 5640 04:03:32,440 --> 04:03:34,160 1993, DON'T YOU THINK WE WOULD 5641 04:03:34,160 --> 04:03:37,200 KNOW A LOT MORE INFORMATION? 5642 04:03:37,200 --> 04:03:41,080 ISN'T IT KIND OF STRANGE WE ALL 5643 04:03:41,080 --> 04:03:45,640 THINK APOE FOR IS REALLY 5644 04:03:45,640 --> 04:03:47,360 STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH 5645 04:03:47,360 --> 04:03:49,320 DEMENTIA? THAT IS BASICALLY FOR 5646 04:03:49,320 --> 04:03:52,280 PEOPLE OF EUROPEAN DESCENT AND 5647 04:03:52,280 --> 04:03:54,600 STRONG HEART STUDY SHOWED IT IS 5648 04:03:54,600 --> 04:03:57,040 NOT TRUE FOR MANY INDIGENOUS 5649 04:03:57,040 --> 04:03:58,080 PEOPLE IN NORTH AMERICA AND SEE 5650 04:03:58,080 --> 04:04:03,320 BECAUSE THERE IS A VARIETY OF 5651 04:04:03,320 --> 04:04:05,720 BACKGROUNDS OF PEOPLE OF AFRICAN 5652 04:04:05,720 --> 04:04:08,480 HERITAGE THAT DEPENDING ON 5653 04:04:08,480 --> 04:04:10,280 MIXTURE COULD BE VERY WEAK 5654 04:04:10,280 --> 04:04:12,320 ASSOCIATIONS AND WHAT WE THINK 5655 04:04:12,320 --> 04:04:14,120 AS FIXED KNOWLEDGE IS REALLY 5656 04:04:14,120 --> 04:04:16,920 BASED ON WHO THAT RESEARCH WAS 5657 04:04:16,920 --> 04:04:18,600 BASED ON. 5658 04:04:18,600 --> 04:04:22,280 BECAUSE WE HAVE NOT FOR DECADES 5659 04:04:22,280 --> 04:04:24,920 BEEN FOLLOWING THIS, WE MAY 5660 04:04:24,920 --> 04:04:28,800 ACTUALLY NOT KNOW WHAT IS REALLY 5661 04:04:28,800 --> 04:04:29,560 TRUE. 5662 04:04:29,560 --> 04:04:32,440 WE HAVE TO REALLY INTEGRATE 5663 04:04:32,440 --> 04:04:33,760 HEALTH EQUITY INTO STUDY DESIGNS 5664 04:04:33,760 --> 04:04:36,240 WHEN WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO DO 5665 04:04:36,240 --> 04:04:38,320 ANYTHING THAT IS GENERALIZABLE. 5666 04:04:38,320 --> 04:04:40,400 IF TRYING TO REALLY LOOK INTO A 5667 04:04:40,400 --> 04:04:42,880 VERY SMALL GROUP AND BE VERY 5668 04:04:42,880 --> 04:04:45,600 MECHANISTIC TRYING TO GET RID OF 5669 04:04:45,600 --> 04:04:48,720 ALL VARIATION THAT WON'T BE A 5670 04:04:48,720 --> 04:04:51,520 HEALTH EQUITY STUDY; RIGHT? 5671 04:04:51,520 --> 04:04:55,600 I URGE YOU TO REALLY THINK THAT 5672 04:04:55,600 --> 04:04:59,800 YOU DO THIS AND FIND MECHANISM 5673 04:04:59,800 --> 04:05:01,200 THAT DOESN'T APPLY. 5674 04:05:01,200 --> 04:05:06,400 IS IT REALLY MEETING PRINCIPLES 5675 04:05:06,400 --> 04:05:07,800 OF EQUIPOISE AND GENERAL 5676 04:05:07,800 --> 04:05:09,600 RESEARCH FOR GENERAL PUBLIC? WE 5677 04:05:09,600 --> 04:05:12,120 DON'T HAVE EVIDENCE OF EFFICACY 5678 04:05:12,120 --> 04:05:13,400 SAFETY OR TOLLRABILITY OF 5679 04:05:13,400 --> 04:05:14,200 TREATMENTS THAT ARE IN MANY OF 5680 04:05:14,200 --> 04:05:22,320 THE GROUPS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN 5681 04:05:22,320 --> 04:05:23,720 INCLUDED IN SUFFICIENT 5682 04:05:23,720 --> 04:05:25,320 PROPORTIONS TO THRILL UNDERSTAND 5683 04:05:25,320 --> 04:05:26,280 THOSE. 5684 04:05:26,280 --> 04:05:30,840 CDC HAS SHARED HEALTH EQUITY 5685 04:05:30,840 --> 04:05:33,000 REFERS TO EVERY PERSON THAT IS 5686 04:05:33,000 --> 04:05:34,880 HAVING OPPORTUNITY TO ATTAIN HIS 5687 04:05:34,880 --> 04:05:37,120 OR HER FULL HEALTH POTENTIAL 5688 04:05:37,120 --> 04:05:39,400 THAT IS NOT SAME AS EQUAL; 5689 04:05:39,400 --> 04:05:39,800 RIGHT? 5690 04:05:39,800 --> 04:05:41,640 WE HAVE EQUAL PROPORTIONS OF 5691 04:05:41,640 --> 04:05:42,960 PEOPLE IN THE POPULATION AND 5692 04:05:42,960 --> 04:05:45,440 WHERE PEOPLE GET VERY CONFUSED 5693 04:05:45,440 --> 04:05:50,280 THAT HEALTH EQUITY IS TO OBTAIN 5694 04:05:50,280 --> 04:05:54,040 YOUR FULL HEALTH POTENTIAL AND 5695 04:05:54,040 --> 04:05:58,200 DISADVANTAGED FROM ACHIEVING 5696 04:05:58,200 --> 04:05:59,280 POTENTIAL BECAUSE OF SOCIAL 5697 04:05:59,280 --> 04:06:01,840 POSITION OR DETERMINATION 5698 04:06:01,840 --> 04:06:04,320 CIRCUMSTANCE AND FIRST DAY SAW 5699 04:06:04,320 --> 04:06:06,880 HEALTH INEQUITIES ARE REFLECTED 5700 04:06:06,880 --> 04:06:08,600 IN HEALTH OF LIFE QUALITY OF 5701 04:06:08,600 --> 04:06:10,320 LIFE RATES OF DISEASE AND 5702 04:06:10,320 --> 04:06:12,400 SEVERITY AND ACCESS TO TREATMENT 5703 04:06:12,400 --> 04:06:16,120 AND DR. KRIMING SHOWED DOING A 5704 04:06:16,120 --> 04:06:18,880 LOT OF WORK THAT A LOT OF 5705 04:06:18,880 --> 04:06:22,280 FACTORS WERE STARTING TO CHANGE 5706 04:06:22,280 --> 04:06:25,360 THEIR EFFECT SIZE THAT WE CAN 5707 04:06:25,360 --> 04:06:30,480 ONLY DO IF WE HAVE INFORMATION 5708 04:06:30,480 --> 04:06:31,440 AND CONSIDERING THIS AND WE 5709 04:06:31,440 --> 04:06:32,880 HEARD ABOUT TRAINING AND I WANT 5710 04:06:32,880 --> 04:06:36,560 TO GIVE YOU ALL TOOLS SO YOU CAN 5711 04:06:36,560 --> 04:06:38,760 START DOING THIS YOURSELF AND 5712 04:06:38,760 --> 04:06:40,160 HAVING OTHER PEOPLE TRAINED IN 5713 04:06:40,160 --> 04:06:41,680 IT. 5714 04:06:41,680 --> 04:06:43,480 NOW, I DON'T HAVE SLIDES FOR 5715 04:06:43,480 --> 04:06:46,800 THIS. I WILL SAY IT. BUT, 5716 04:06:46,800 --> 04:06:49,440 AMERICAN JERAT TRICK SOCIETY HAS 5717 04:06:49,440 --> 04:06:53,040 ALSO A WHOLE COURSEWORK THAT IS 5718 04:06:53,040 --> 04:06:57,880 AROUND MULTIPLE CHRONIC 5719 04:06:57,880 --> 04:06:58,880 CONDITIONS AND GREAT RESOURCE 5720 04:06:58,880 --> 04:07:02,640 SOMETHING THAT IS PART OF THE 5721 04:07:02,640 --> 04:07:09,520 THEME YESTERDAY TALKING ABOUT 5722 04:07:09,520 --> 04:07:16,000 NIA FUNDED -- LAUNCHING ONLINE 5723 04:07:16,000 --> 04:07:17,400 HEALTH EQUITY TRAINING PROGRAM 5724 04:07:17,400 --> 04:07:22,000 THAT IS WORK SUPPORTED FROM U54 5725 04:07:22,000 --> 04:07:25,400 GRANT SUPPORTED FROM NATIONAL 5726 04:07:25,400 --> 04:07:28,040 INSTITUTE OF AGING AND MANY 5727 04:07:28,040 --> 04:07:30,680 ASPECTS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE 5728 04:07:30,680 --> 04:07:32,680 WEBSITE THAT IS LISTED HERE AND 5729 04:07:32,680 --> 04:07:34,720 THEY HAVE SET UP WITH MANY, MANY 5730 04:07:34,720 --> 04:07:38,000 PEOPLE AND PROFESSIONAL COURSE 5731 04:07:38,000 --> 04:07:40,760 DESIGNERS AND THAT DO ONLINE 5732 04:07:40,760 --> 04:07:42,880 TRAININGS AND KNOW ALL THESE 5733 04:07:42,880 --> 04:07:45,880 EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND BEST 5734 04:07:45,880 --> 04:07:47,480 PRACTICES FOR INTEGRATING HEALTH 5735 04:07:47,480 --> 04:07:53,400 EQUITY AND THEIR FOCUS IS 5736 04:07:53,400 --> 04:07:56,120 IMBEDDED PRAGMATIC CLINICAL 5737 04:07:56,120 --> 04:07:58,080 TRIALS FOR DEMENTIA CARE AND 5738 04:07:58,080 --> 04:08:00,280 THESE PRINCIPLES COULD BE 5739 04:08:00,280 --> 04:08:02,080 APPLIED TO MOST CLINICAL TRIAL 5740 04:08:02,080 --> 04:08:04,680 SETTINGS AND DON'T HAVE TO BE 5741 04:08:04,680 --> 04:08:06,880 IMBEDDED IN PRAGMATIC AND IS 5742 04:08:06,880 --> 04:08:10,280 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AND 5743 04:08:10,280 --> 04:08:13,520 TRAININGS AND GUIDANCE AND HERE 5744 04:08:13,520 --> 04:08:17,600 YOU SEE 6 BEST PRACTICE SHEETS 5745 04:08:17,600 --> 04:08:19,560 THAT GO FROM GETTING STARTED IN 5746 04:08:19,560 --> 04:08:23,960 THE FIELD TO COMMUNITY AND 5747 04:08:23,960 --> 04:08:24,800 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT THAT I 5748 04:08:24,800 --> 04:08:26,600 WILL TALK MORE ABOUT THAT AND 5749 04:08:26,600 --> 04:08:28,320 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS AND LEAD 5750 04:08:28,320 --> 04:08:34,840 THEIR DESIGN AND ANALE SIS CORE 5751 04:08:34,840 --> 04:08:38,440 HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS AND 5752 04:08:38,440 --> 04:08:41,120 PARTICIPANT SELECTIONS AND 5753 04:08:41,120 --> 04:08:42,320 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL 5754 04:08:42,320 --> 04:08:44,480 CENTER WANTING TO REALLY DO ALL 5755 04:08:44,480 --> 04:08:48,520 THIS? WHAT ARE COSTS AND 5756 04:08:48,520 --> 04:08:51,000 LOSSES; RIGHT? 5757 04:08:51,000 --> 04:08:54,800 HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THESE WHOLE 5758 04:08:54,800 --> 04:08:55,880 INTERVENTION DESIGN AND 5759 04:08:55,880 --> 04:08:57,000 IMPLEMENTATION SECTION AND HOW 5760 04:08:57,000 --> 04:08:59,000 WILL YOU GET COMMUNITY HEALTH 5761 04:08:59,000 --> 04:09:02,840 CENTERS TO BE DOING THINGS AND 5762 04:09:02,840 --> 04:09:08,000 HOW WILL YOU TRY TO GET RURAL 5763 04:09:08,000 --> 04:09:10,120 MEDICINE TO DO THESE THINGS AND 5764 04:09:10,120 --> 04:09:12,520 TREATING PEOPLE IN ACADEMIA AND 5765 04:09:12,520 --> 04:09:14,920 IN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS AND 5766 04:09:14,920 --> 04:09:16,960 SELECTING OUTCOMES AND HEARD 5767 04:09:16,960 --> 04:09:20,320 ABOUT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY 5768 04:09:20,320 --> 04:09:24,160 OUTCOMES AND IN MANY WAYS TO 5769 04:09:24,160 --> 04:09:25,480 CONSIDER THOSE AND CERTIFICATE 5770 04:09:25,480 --> 04:09:29,000 PROGRAM IS AVAILABLE THIS 5771 04:09:29,000 --> 04:09:31,000 SUMMER. 5772 04:09:31,000 --> 04:09:33,720 THERE IS 6 DIFFERENT COURSES AND 5773 04:09:33,720 --> 04:09:36,760 2 TO 5 VIDEOS PER COURSE AND 5774 04:09:36,760 --> 04:09:38,520 GLOSSARYIES AND ADDITIONAL 5775 04:09:38,520 --> 04:09:44,920 RESOURCES AND SELF-EVALUATIONS 5776 04:09:44,920 --> 04:09:47,680 AND USING PRINCIPLES OF 5777 04:09:47,680 --> 04:09:50,000 ATTENTION SPAN AND WE HAVE THESE 5778 04:09:50,000 --> 04:09:51,480 PROFESSIONALLY ANIMATED AND THEY 5779 04:09:51,480 --> 04:09:54,080 ARE THINGS THAT ANYONE AT ANY 5780 04:09:54,080 --> 04:09:57,080 LEVEL CAN ENGAGE WITH. 5781 04:09:57,080 --> 04:09:59,880 SO, I'M GOING TO TALK RATHER 5782 04:09:59,880 --> 04:10:03,360 BRIEFLY IN MY LAST MINUTES HERE 5783 04:10:03,360 --> 04:10:07,280 ABOUT A FEW CONSIDERATIONS. 5784 04:10:07,280 --> 04:10:09,840 SO, SELECT A RESEARCH QUESTION 5785 04:10:09,840 --> 04:10:12,240 THAT MATTERS TO THE POPULATIONS 5786 04:10:12,240 --> 04:10:15,040 THAT YOU ARE STUDYING AND HEALTH 5787 04:10:15,040 --> 04:10:16,280 DISPARITY POPULATIONS AND LOTS 5788 04:10:16,280 --> 04:10:18,280 OF TIMES WE ARE PICKING THE 5789 04:10:18,280 --> 04:10:20,200 QUESTION WE WANT TO ANSWER AND 5790 04:10:20,200 --> 04:10:22,320 WE WONDER WHY WE ARE HAVING SO 5791 04:10:22,320 --> 04:10:24,920 MANY PROBLEMS WITH ENROLLMENT 5792 04:10:24,920 --> 04:10:26,920 AND WOULD SAY WE SHOULD REALLY 5793 04:10:26,920 --> 04:10:28,800 ALSO AT LEAST AS A SECONDARY 5794 04:10:28,800 --> 04:10:30,160 OUTCOME HAVE SOMETHING THAT 5795 04:10:30,160 --> 04:10:32,160 MATTERS TO THEM AND HAVE HEARD 5796 04:10:32,160 --> 04:10:33,480 ABOUT THE FIVE MS. 5797 04:10:33,480 --> 04:10:35,720 WE HAVE BEEN HEARING ABOUT THE 5798 04:10:35,720 --> 04:10:37,560 IMPORTANCE OF COLLABORATING WITH 5799 04:10:37,560 --> 04:10:40,200 COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND MAKING 5800 04:10:40,200 --> 04:10:42,840 SURE THAT IT IS RELEVANT AND 5801 04:10:42,840 --> 04:10:44,240 RESPECTFUL AND INCLUSIVE. WE 5802 04:10:44,240 --> 04:10:47,880 HAVE TO ALLOCATE RESOURCES TO DO 5803 04:10:47,880 --> 04:10:48,120 THIS. 5804 04:10:48,120 --> 04:10:50,040 LOTS OF TIMES IT FEELS LIKE WE 5805 04:10:50,040 --> 04:10:53,320 ARE KIND OF LIKE, GO GIVE ME 5806 04:10:53,320 --> 04:10:55,600 YOUR SAMPLE OPPOSED TO LET ME 5807 04:10:55,600 --> 04:10:57,000 LEARN WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU 5808 04:10:57,000 --> 04:11:01,360 AND TRY TO EXPLAIN TO YOU HOW I 5809 04:11:01,360 --> 04:11:02,640 THINK THAT THIS MIGHT BE A WAY 5810 04:11:02,640 --> 04:11:04,360 TO TRY TO ADDRESS WHAT YOUR 5811 04:11:04,360 --> 04:11:06,800 PRIORITY IS AND ALSO FOR THOSE 5812 04:11:06,800 --> 04:11:09,760 THAT WE HAD EARLIER TALKS TO SAY 5813 04:11:09,760 --> 04:11:11,800 THERE IS CERTAIN DISEASES AND 5814 04:11:11,800 --> 04:11:13,520 THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES 5815 04:11:13,520 --> 04:11:14,000 FOR. 5816 04:11:14,000 --> 04:11:18,560 SO, YOU CAN BUILD A DIVERSE 5817 04:11:18,560 --> 04:11:20,880 RESEARCH TEAM WE HAVE TALKED 5818 04:11:20,880 --> 04:11:23,040 ABOUT WORKING WITH PEOPLE ACROSS 5819 04:11:23,040 --> 04:11:24,280 DISCIPLINES AND THAT IS A GOOD 5820 04:11:24,280 --> 04:11:29,240 WAY TO GO. WE HAVE ALREADY 5821 04:11:29,240 --> 04:11:31,560 RECENTLY HEARD ABOUT SELECTING 5822 04:11:31,560 --> 04:11:32,440 OUTCOMES AND WHOLE BEST PRACTICE 5823 04:11:32,440 --> 04:11:35,360 AND VIDEOS ON THAT AND WE -- I 5824 04:11:35,360 --> 04:11:38,880 JUST TOUCHED ON AS OTHERS HAVE 5825 04:11:38,880 --> 04:11:41,000 COMMUNITY AND STAKEHOLDER 5826 04:11:41,000 --> 04:11:42,400 ENGAGEMENT AND THERE IS A NUMBER 5827 04:11:42,400 --> 04:11:46,400 OF VERY PRACTICAL WAYS AND 5828 04:11:46,400 --> 04:11:50,880 RESOURCES HOW TO START TO DO 5829 04:11:50,880 --> 04:11:53,240 TH 5830 04:11:53,240 --> 04:11:53,440 THIS. 5831 04:11:53,440 --> 04:11:56,720 HOW DO YOU PUT INTO OVERALL 5832 04:11:56,720 --> 04:11:58,920 HYPEROJ SIS? YOU CAN TEST IT 5833 04:11:58,920 --> 04:12:01,280 AND GO BACK TO HOW WE SHOULD 5834 04:12:01,280 --> 04:12:03,400 REPORT ON THESE POPULATIONS AND 5835 04:12:03,400 --> 04:12:06,880 CONSIDER SECONDARY OUTCOMES AND 5836 04:12:06,880 --> 04:12:10,160 WHETHER YOU HAVE FIDELITY IN THE 5837 04:12:10,160 --> 04:12:11,880 INTERVENTION ARM. DOES THAT 5838 04:12:11,880 --> 04:12:15,320 VARY BY MINORITIZED GROUPS? 5839 04:12:15,320 --> 04:12:18,640 YOU MIGHT HAVE 10% THAT ARE 5840 04:12:18,640 --> 04:12:20,360 NONADHERIENT. WHAT IF THAT IS 5841 04:12:20,360 --> 04:12:22,040 ALL IN ONE GROUP? 5842 04:12:22,040 --> 04:12:24,800 MIGHT GIVE YOU A LOT OF 5843 04:12:24,800 --> 04:12:26,280 INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 5844 04:12:26,280 --> 04:12:29,560 INTERVENTION AND ITS ABILITY TO 5845 04:12:29,560 --> 04:12:33,000 BE ROLLED OUT EVEN FARTHER. 5846 04:12:33,000 --> 04:12:35,440 PRESPECIFY YOUR ANALYSIS TO TRY 5847 04:12:35,440 --> 04:12:38,560 TO START TO SEE IF YOU HAVE THE 5848 04:12:38,560 --> 04:12:40,360 SAME AFFECT IN DIFFERENT GROUPS 5849 04:12:40,360 --> 04:12:42,800 AND BE VERY EXPLICIT IN SAMPLE 5850 04:12:42,800 --> 04:12:45,320 SIZE JUSTIFICATION BECAUSE 5851 04:12:45,320 --> 04:12:47,080 USUALLY WHAT WE ALWAYS HEAR IS 5852 04:12:47,080 --> 04:12:49,160 THERE IS NOT ENOUGH X TYPE OF 5853 04:12:49,160 --> 04:12:49,520 PEOPLE. 5854 04:12:49,520 --> 04:12:52,280 AND THEN USUALLY WHAT PEOPLE ARE 5855 04:12:52,280 --> 04:12:55,080 DOING IS WHITE. WE HAVE LOTS OF 5856 04:12:55,080 --> 04:12:55,440 THOSE. 5857 04:12:55,440 --> 04:12:57,320 AND EVERYBODY ELSE. 5858 04:12:57,320 --> 04:12:59,800 SO, OF COURSE, YOU DON'T HAVE 5859 04:12:59,800 --> 04:13:04,480 VERY MANY. THEY ARE REALLY 5860 04:13:04,480 --> 04:13:04,840 HETEROGENOUS. 5861 04:13:04,840 --> 04:13:07,680 YOU HAVE ASIANS AND AFRICAN 5862 04:13:07,680 --> 04:13:09,160 AMERICAN AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE 5863 04:13:09,160 --> 04:13:09,960 AND ALL OF THE [INDISCERNIBLE] 5864 04:13:09,960 --> 04:13:13,240 AND YOU ARE SAYING OKAY. WE 5865 04:13:13,240 --> 04:13:16,080 WILL JUST COMPARE THEM. IT IS 5866 04:13:16,080 --> 04:13:18,880 NOT EVEN AN APPROPRIATE 5867 04:13:18,880 --> 04:13:19,520 CONSIDERATION. SOMETIMES WE 5868 04:13:19,520 --> 04:13:22,200 NEED TO REALLY BE A LOT MORE 5869 04:13:22,200 --> 04:13:23,920 INSIGHTFUL AS WE WERE HEARING, 5870 04:13:23,920 --> 04:13:28,320 WHO ARE SOME OF THE HIGH-RISK 5871 04:13:28,320 --> 04:13:29,320 POPULATIONS? 5872 04:13:29,320 --> 04:13:30,760 ARE THERAPIES APPROPRIATE AND 5873 04:13:30,760 --> 04:13:33,960 EQUALLY EFFECTIVE WITH THEM? 5874 04:13:33,960 --> 04:13:37,320 CONSIDER DIFFERENT FORMS OF 5875 04:13:37,320 --> 04:13:39,280 RANDOMIZATION AND HERE I SUGGEST 5876 04:13:39,280 --> 04:13:41,600 STRATIFIED AND THERE ARE MANY, 5877 04:13:41,600 --> 04:13:44,120 MANY TYPES WORKING WITH 5878 04:13:44,120 --> 04:13:45,560 STATISTICIAN AND WE ARE LOVELY 5879 04:13:45,560 --> 04:13:48,440 PEOPLE AND YOU CAN MONITOR AND 5880 04:13:48,440 --> 04:13:50,280 REPORT DIFFERENTIAL RISK AND 5881 04:13:50,280 --> 04:13:50,560 BENEFITS. 5882 04:13:50,560 --> 04:13:51,960 WE HAVE ALSO HEARD SOMETIMES 5883 04:13:51,960 --> 04:13:54,160 THERE IS INCREASED RISK IN SOME 5884 04:13:54,160 --> 04:13:56,400 GROUPS AND THINGS WE MIGHT NOT 5885 04:13:56,400 --> 04:14:01,640 HAVE EXPECTED WITH DIFFERENT 5886 04:14:01,640 --> 04:14:03,400 COMORBIDITIES AND ANY NUMBER OF 5887 04:14:03,400 --> 04:14:05,640 FACTORS AND IN CLOSING, LET'S 5888 04:14:05,640 --> 04:14:09,080 JUST BE AWARE OF AGING THAT CAN 5889 04:14:09,080 --> 04:14:12,920 RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL HEALTH 5890 04:14:12,920 --> 04:14:14,480 RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND 5891 04:14:14,480 --> 04:14:17,840 DIRECT AND ECONOMIC SOCIETAL 5892 04:14:17,840 --> 04:14:20,160 IMPACTS LET'S JUST PUT HEALTH 5893 04:14:20,160 --> 04:14:22,360 EQUITY IN ALL OF THE PHASES OF 5894 04:14:22,360 --> 04:14:26,880 OUR HUMAN-BASED RESEARCH AND 5895 04:14:26,880 --> 04:14:29,720 ADDRESSING AGEISM AND NEGATIVE 5896 04:14:29,720 --> 04:14:30,880 STEREOTYPES REALLY MAKE 5897 04:14:30,880 --> 04:14:33,600 CROSS-CUT ACROSS MANY IMPACTS 5898 04:14:33,600 --> 04:14:34,960 IMPROVING WELLBEING OF OLDER 5899 04:14:34,960 --> 04:14:45,480 ADULTS AND THANKS VERY MUCH. 5900 04:14:52,440 --> 04:14:56,320 >>I WAS ASKED TO GIVE A FEW 5901 04:14:56,320 --> 04:14:58,400 EMARKS ON THE SESSION AND FULL 5902 04:14:58,400 --> 04:15:01,040 DISCLOSURE I DON'T WORK IN 5903 04:15:01,040 --> 04:15:04,400 CLINICAL TRIALS BUT I'M IN 5904 04:15:04,400 --> 04:15:07,800 POPULATION SCIENCE I DON'T WORK 5905 04:15:07,800 --> 04:15:17,960 IN CLINICAL -- SOCIOLOGIST AND 5906 04:15:17,960 --> 04:15:20,200 DEMOGRAPHER I THINK ABOUT 5907 04:15:20,200 --> 04:15:22,400 HETEROGENEITY AND EQUALITY AND 5908 04:15:22,400 --> 04:15:24,800 THOUGHTS ON AGING REFLECT THIS 5909 04:15:24,800 --> 04:15:26,920 IMAGE HERE AND SHOWS IDEA THAT 5910 04:15:26,920 --> 04:15:29,000 SOME PEOPLE ARE APPROACHING 5911 04:15:29,000 --> 04:15:30,800 AGING AND AGING TRAJECTORIES 5912 04:15:30,800 --> 04:15:32,760 THAT ARE EASIER THAN OTHERS AND 5913 04:15:32,760 --> 04:15:34,880 MAYBE HAVE HAD GREATER SOCIAL 5914 04:15:34,880 --> 04:15:36,720 AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES 5915 04:15:36,720 --> 04:15:38,400 THROUGHOUT LIFE AND HAD BETTER 5916 04:15:38,400 --> 04:15:40,000 HEALTH AND OTHERS APPROACH AGING 5917 04:15:40,000 --> 04:15:42,880 AND WORKING WAYS THROUGH OLDER 5918 04:15:42,880 --> 04:15:45,560 AGES THAT IS PUSHING A BIG HEAVY 5919 04:15:45,560 --> 04:15:47,480 BLOCK UP A HILL AND THINKING 5920 04:15:47,480 --> 04:15:48,960 ABOUT CLINICAL TRIALS I THINK 5921 04:15:48,960 --> 04:15:50,880 ALONG LINES OF WHAT WE ARE 5922 04:15:50,880 --> 04:15:52,080 TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH AND WHO WE 5923 04:15:52,080 --> 04:15:54,120 ARE TRYING TO HELP AND WE HEARD 5924 04:15:54,120 --> 04:15:56,320 A LOT ABOUT ANTIAGING OR 5925 04:15:56,320 --> 04:16:00,600 REVERSING AGING AND THAT KIND OF 5926 04:16:00,600 --> 04:16:06,400 RHETORIC REMINDS ME OF A FAMOUS 5927 04:16:06,400 --> 04:16:08,440 GRADUATE [INDISCERNIBLE] QUOTE I 5928 04:16:08,440 --> 04:16:11,600 LIVE DYING TRYING AND 5929 04:16:11,600 --> 04:16:12,640 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND ADDING YEARS 5930 04:16:12,640 --> 04:16:15,680 TO LIFE IS NOT REALLY OUR ONLY 5931 04:16:15,680 --> 04:16:17,600 GOAL OR MAJOR PRIMARY GOAL. WE 5932 04:16:17,600 --> 04:16:20,360 THINK ABOUT AS WELL IS HOW DO WE 5933 04:16:20,360 --> 04:16:21,960 IMPROVE QUALITY OF THOSE LATER 5934 04:16:21,960 --> 04:16:22,800 YEARS? 5935 04:16:22,800 --> 04:16:25,040 THIS IS A GRAPHIC THAT IS MAKING 5936 04:16:25,040 --> 04:16:26,680 THE POINT THAT FOR ALL OF THE 5937 04:16:26,680 --> 04:16:28,480 PEOPLE THAT ARE REACHING OLDER 5938 04:16:28,480 --> 04:16:30,320 AGES THEY ARE NOT TAKING 5939 04:16:30,320 --> 04:16:32,360 DIFFERENT PANELS TO GET THERE 5940 04:16:32,360 --> 04:16:34,440 AND IS BASED ON WORKING I DID ON 5941 04:16:34,440 --> 04:16:36,880 A NATIONAL DATA SET GROUPING 5942 04:16:36,880 --> 04:16:39,240 OLDER ADULTS HAS BASED ON 5943 04:16:39,240 --> 04:16:40,680 CHRONIC DISEASE TRAJECTORIES AND 5944 04:16:40,680 --> 04:16:43,480 ARE PEOPLE THAT MADE IT TO AGE 5945 04:16:43,480 --> 04:16:46,360 90 AND ACHIEVED LONG-LIVED LIVES 5946 04:16:46,360 --> 04:16:49,240 AND FOLKS DID IT WITH INCREASING 5947 04:16:49,240 --> 04:16:52,000 BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASES AGING 5948 04:16:52,000 --> 04:16:55,200 FROM 70S TO 90S AND TINY LINE AT 5949 04:16:55,200 --> 04:16:58,480 BOTTOM FOLKS LARGELY AVOIDED 5950 04:16:58,480 --> 04:17:00,800 CHRONIC DISEASES WELL INTO THEIR 5951 04:17:00,800 --> 04:17:01,640 90S AND THINK ABOUT WHICH GROUP 5952 04:17:01,640 --> 04:17:04,120 ARE WE TRYING TO REALLY HELP 5953 04:17:04,120 --> 04:17:04,600 WITH INTERVENTIONS? 5954 04:17:04,600 --> 04:17:07,800 TWO LINES ON TOP AND FOLKS 5955 04:17:07,800 --> 04:17:10,320 DEALING WITH MULTI-MORBIDITY AND 5956 04:17:10,320 --> 04:17:12,160 PREVENTION IDEA OF KEEPING SUPER 5957 04:17:12,160 --> 04:17:14,640 HEALTHY FOLKS AT BOTTOM 5958 04:17:14,640 --> 04:17:16,160 CONTINUING TO HAVE SUPER GOOD 5959 04:17:16,160 --> 04:17:16,600 HEALTH. 5960 04:17:16,600 --> 04:17:18,320 I THINK WE HAVE TO THINK ABOUT 5961 04:17:18,320 --> 04:17:20,600 HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT WE WILL 5962 04:17:20,600 --> 04:17:22,560 INTERVENE ON AND WHAT ARE OUR 5963 04:17:22,560 --> 04:17:23,120 PRIORITIES? 5964 04:17:23,120 --> 04:17:25,200 WE CAN'T REALLY DO EVERYTHING 5965 04:17:25,200 --> 04:17:26,320 AND PEOPLE THINK ABOUT 5966 04:17:26,320 --> 04:17:28,560 INTERVENTIONS DESIGNED TO REDUCE 5967 04:17:28,560 --> 04:17:30,480 COSTS IN HEALTH CARE A PRIORITY 5968 04:17:30,480 --> 04:17:31,520 THAT WE HAVE IN THE UNITED 5969 04:17:31,520 --> 04:17:33,640 STATES AND THINKING ABOUT 5970 04:17:33,640 --> 04:17:35,120 INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE 5971 04:17:35,120 --> 04:17:36,520 MORTALITY AND PERHAPS FOR 5972 04:17:36,520 --> 04:17:38,480 RECOVERY FROM AN OPERATION OR 5973 04:17:38,480 --> 04:17:38,680 FALL. 5974 04:17:38,680 --> 04:17:41,160 AND SHOULD WE BE PRIORITIZING 5975 04:17:41,160 --> 04:17:42,440 QUALITY OF LIFE? 5976 04:17:42,440 --> 04:17:45,640 SHOULD WE PRIORITIZE THE FAMILY 5977 04:17:45,640 --> 04:17:48,200 AND IDEA OF CAREGIVERS THAT TAKE 5978 04:17:48,200 --> 04:17:50,880 ON LARGER SHARE FOR CARING FOR 5979 04:17:50,880 --> 04:17:54,240 OLDER ADULTS AND THESE ARE OLDER 5980 04:17:54,240 --> 04:17:55,640 PRIORITIES AND ANY INTERVENTION 5981 04:17:55,640 --> 04:17:57,160 SHOULD PRIORITIZE THESE THINGS 5982 04:17:57,160 --> 04:18:00,680 AND WHAT IS MORE REALISTIC IS 5983 04:18:00,680 --> 04:18:02,040 PRIORITIZING THESE AND DECIDING 5984 04:18:02,040 --> 04:18:04,120 WHO TO HELP AND WHAT POTENTIAL 5985 04:18:04,120 --> 04:18:06,240 IMPACT WOULD BE IN POPULATION 5986 04:18:06,240 --> 04:18:07,880 HEALTH AND POINTING OUT THAT 5987 04:18:07,880 --> 04:18:09,720 AGING IS A PRIVILEGE AND IN 5988 04:18:09,720 --> 04:18:11,400 UNITED STATES WE CONTINUE TO SEE 5989 04:18:11,400 --> 04:18:13,720 REALLY LARGE SHOCKING AND 5990 04:18:13,720 --> 04:18:15,280 PERSISTENT GAPS THAT ARE 5991 04:18:15,280 --> 04:18:16,240 INCLUDING IN NUMBER OF YEARS 5992 04:18:16,240 --> 04:18:18,760 THAT PEOPLE WILL LIVE AND IS A 5993 04:18:18,760 --> 04:18:21,800 GRAPH USING DATA FROM CDC 5994 04:18:21,800 --> 04:18:25,360 SHOWING LIFE EXPECTANCY IN BIRTH 5995 04:18:25,360 --> 04:18:29,320 AGE 85 AND THERE CONTINUES TO BE 5996 04:18:29,320 --> 04:18:32,440 A FOUR YEAR AGE GAP AND LIFE 5997 04:18:32,440 --> 04:18:33,200 EXPECTANCY BETWEEN BLACK AND 5998 04:18:33,200 --> 04:18:36,400 WHITE WOMEN FOR INSTANCE AND 5999 04:18:36,400 --> 04:18:37,640 ACHIEVING AGE IS A PRIVILEGE AND 6000 04:18:37,640 --> 04:18:40,440 NOT ALL INDIVIDUALS IN A 6001 04:18:40,440 --> 04:18:42,600 POPULATION GET TO ENJOY. 6002 04:18:42,600 --> 04:18:45,000 FINALLY, I THINK WE SHOULD A 6003 04:18:45,000 --> 04:18:46,440 LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT WHAT WE 6004 04:18:46,440 --> 04:18:48,160 ARE DOING WITH CLINICAL TRIALS 6005 04:18:48,160 --> 04:18:50,440 WHAT WE ARE INTERVENING AND WHAT 6006 04:18:50,440 --> 04:18:52,280 IMPACT MIGHT BE IN DISPARITIES 6007 04:18:52,280 --> 04:18:54,000 AND THINKING ABOUT INTERVENTIONS 6008 04:18:54,000 --> 04:18:55,800 THAT ARE QUITE SUCCESSFUL 6009 04:18:55,800 --> 04:18:58,880 IMPROVE OUTCOMES AT INDIVIDUAL 6010 04:18:58,880 --> 04:19:01,240 LEVEL EXACERBATE POPULATION 6011 04:19:01,240 --> 04:19:02,840 DISPARITIES HAPPENING UNDER A 6012 04:19:02,840 --> 04:19:05,760 COUPLE DIFFERENT SCENARIOS AND 6013 04:19:05,760 --> 04:19:07,680 INTERVENTION DOESN'T SCALE UP TO 6014 04:19:07,680 --> 04:19:09,160 DIVERSE POPULATIONS AND 6015 04:19:09,160 --> 04:19:09,960 INTERVENTION WORKING GREAT FOR 6016 04:19:09,960 --> 04:19:12,480 SOMEONE LIVING CLOSE TO MEDICAL 6017 04:19:12,480 --> 04:19:14,240 CENTER MIGHT NOT WORK WELL FOR 6018 04:19:14,240 --> 04:19:16,000 RURAL AGING POPULATION FOR 6019 04:19:16,000 --> 04:19:17,600 INSTANCE AND NOT EVEN WILL 6020 04:19:17,600 --> 04:19:19,360 NECESSARILY BE ABLE TO TAKE 6021 04:19:19,360 --> 04:19:21,000 ADVANTAGE OF SUCCESSFUL 6022 04:19:21,000 --> 04:19:22,200 INTERVENTION IF NOT SAME LEVEL 6023 04:19:22,200 --> 04:19:24,720 OF ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE OR 6024 04:19:24,720 --> 04:19:27,560 SOCIAL SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE 6025 04:19:27,560 --> 04:19:30,280 THAT THEY ALL NEED AND TRIALS 6026 04:19:30,280 --> 04:19:31,760 DON'T ENROLL DIVERSE POPULATIONS 6027 04:19:31,760 --> 04:19:32,800 WE CAN'T NECESSARILY ASSUME THAT 6028 04:19:32,800 --> 04:19:35,560 THE OUTCOME WILL BE EQUALLY 6029 04:19:35,560 --> 04:19:36,600 SUCCESSFUL ACROSS THE POPULATION 6030 04:19:36,600 --> 04:19:39,440 AND SO IN THOSE CASES VERY 6031 04:19:39,440 --> 04:19:40,520 SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTION COULD 6032 04:19:40,520 --> 04:19:42,640 RESULT IN INCREASED DISPARITIES 6033 04:19:42,640 --> 04:19:44,640 ACTUALLY AND WE HAVE TO BE 6034 04:19:44,640 --> 04:19:46,360 REALLY THOUGHTFUL ABOUT WHERE IN 6035 04:19:46,360 --> 04:19:48,400 THE PROCESS WHERE WE ARE 6036 04:19:48,400 --> 04:19:49,560 INTERVENING AND HOW WE ARE 6037 04:19:49,560 --> 04:19:51,720 INTERVENING IN THE AGING PROCESS 6038 04:19:51,720 --> 04:19:53,920 AND IMPLICATIONS ARE NOT JUST AT 6039 04:19:53,920 --> 04:19:57,640 AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL BUT AT 6040 04:19:57,640 --> 04:19:59,360 POPULATION LEVEL. 6041 04:19:59,360 --> 04:20:01,800 OKAY. I THINK WE HAVE A FEW 6042 04:20:01,800 --> 04:20:03,680 MINUTES FOR QUESTIONS AND DON'T 6043 04:20:03,680 --> 04:20:05,640 KNOW IF WE WILL RUN OVER AND IF 6044 04:20:05,640 --> 04:20:07,000 PANELISTS WANT TO MAKE WAY UP TO 6045 04:20:07,000 --> 04:20:08,760 STAGE AND IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION 6046 04:20:08,760 --> 04:20:12,200 YOU CAN LINE UP IN ONE OF THE 6047 04:20:12,200 --> 04:20:22,520 TWO MICROPHONES. 6048 04:20:43,000 --> 04:20:45,240 >>SOPHIA FROM EINSTEIN. I GREW 6049 04:20:45,240 --> 04:20:50,520 UP IN THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE 6050 04:20:50,520 --> 04:20:53,640 GEROSCIENCE AND GEROTHERAPEUTICS 6051 04:20:53,640 --> 04:20:55,480 WERE DISEASE OF DIAGNOSTIC AND 6052 04:20:55,480 --> 04:20:58,720 SEEMS TWO APPROACHES PEOPLE ARE 6053 04:20:58,720 --> 04:21:00,720 CONSIDERING; RIGHT? DISEASE 6054 04:21:00,720 --> 04:21:02,400 DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH AND SOME 6055 04:21:02,400 --> 04:21:04,480 DESCRIBED AN APPROACH WHERE WE 6056 04:21:04,480 --> 04:21:06,680 SELECT PATIENTS WITH CERTAIN 6057 04:21:06,680 --> 04:21:07,440 UNDERLYING CONDITIONS FOR 6058 04:21:07,440 --> 04:21:09,320 CERTAIN THERAPIES AND I'M TRYING 6059 04:21:09,320 --> 04:21:12,760 TO KIND OF RECONCILE THESE 6060 04:21:12,760 --> 04:21:18,880 CONCEPTS. YOU KNOW, ARE THEY 6061 04:21:18,880 --> 04:21:21,840 CONTRADICTORY OR COMPLEMENTARY? 6062 04:21:21,840 --> 04:21:23,880 IF A MEANS TO AN END WE ARE 6063 04:21:23,880 --> 04:21:25,680 TRYING TO CLIMB UP A MOUNTAIN 6064 04:21:25,680 --> 04:21:27,280 AND IF SMALL STEPS YOU FEEL WE 6065 04:21:27,280 --> 04:21:29,200 NEED TO TAKE TO GET TO THE NEXT 6066 04:21:29,200 --> 04:21:30,400 STEP; RIGHT? 6067 04:21:30,400 --> 04:21:33,520 TO GET RECOGNITION OF THESE 6068 04:21:33,520 --> 04:21:36,400 DRUGS AND TO GET FDA APPROVAL 6069 04:21:36,400 --> 04:21:37,280 THAT IS ONE THING. 6070 04:21:37,280 --> 04:21:39,480 HOW ARE WE THINKING ABOUT THIS 6071 04:21:39,480 --> 04:21:44,320 AS A COMMUNITY OF GEROSCIENTIST 6072 04:21:44,320 --> 04:21:46,440 SNZ. 6073 04:21:46,440 --> 04:21:48,600 >>I -- CAN YOU HEAR ME? 6074 04:21:48,600 --> 04:21:50,120 I DON'T WANT TO SPEAK FOR 6075 04:21:50,120 --> 04:21:53,280 EVERYONE. IN THE CASE OF MY 6076 04:21:53,280 --> 04:21:56,320 TRIAL FOR -- WITH METFORMIN, I 6077 04:21:56,320 --> 04:21:58,280 REALLY ACTUALLY THOUGHT ABOUT 6078 04:21:58,280 --> 04:22:01,680 THE CONTEXT OF INSULIN RESISTENT 6079 04:22:01,680 --> 04:22:05,440 OR OLDER ADULTS WITH DIABETES 6080 04:22:05,440 --> 04:22:10,000 THAT ARE BASED OFF CLINIC OVENG 6081 04:22:10,000 --> 04:22:13,920 IN MY CLINIC AND SOUTH TEXAS 6082 04:22:13,920 --> 04:22:17,160 DIABETES ARE SO PREVALENT AND 6083 04:22:17,160 --> 04:22:17,800 PATIENTS ARE DISABLED AND NEED 6084 04:22:17,800 --> 04:22:19,840 HELP AND START TO THINK ABOUT 6085 04:22:19,840 --> 04:22:21,640 THAT SYNDROME AND FRAILTY AND 6086 04:22:21,640 --> 04:22:25,120 OVERLAP OF DIABETES AND INSULIN 6087 04:22:25,120 --> 04:22:26,080 RESISTANCE AND FRAILTY AND THAT 6088 04:22:26,080 --> 04:22:29,240 TO ME WAS, YOU KNOW, I GUESS IT 6089 04:22:29,240 --> 04:22:32,320 CAME ABOUT FROM CLINICAL OVENGSS 6090 04:22:32,320 --> 04:22:34,800 AND IT WAS VERY HELPFUL THAT I 6091 04:22:34,800 --> 04:22:37,880 DIDN'T NEED FDA APPROVAL FOR 6092 04:22:37,880 --> 04:22:42,080 METFORMIN. I'M USING IT FOR 6093 04:22:42,080 --> 04:22:44,000 PEOPLE WITH ORAL GLUCOSE 6094 04:22:44,000 --> 04:22:45,320 INTOLERANCE AND THAT IS MY 6095 04:22:45,320 --> 04:22:46,560 EXPERIENCE AND NO THE SURE IF 6096 04:22:46,560 --> 04:22:50,240 ANYONE WANTS TO CHIME IN THERE. 6097 04:22:50,240 --> 04:22:54,440 >>FOR US -- OKAY. FOR US, I 6098 04:22:54,440 --> 04:22:58,320 THINK IT IS WHERE WE ARE WITH 6099 04:22:58,320 --> 04:23:00,680 MINDSETS AND SO WE THOUGHT THAT 6100 04:23:00,680 --> 04:23:03,680 ADA IS TO FOCUS ON TWO THINGS 6101 04:23:03,680 --> 04:23:04,680 THAT REALLY DEMONSTRATE SOME 6102 04:23:04,680 --> 04:23:08,920 LEVEL OF SUCCESS OF SOME SORT 6103 04:23:08,920 --> 04:23:10,920 AND USING THESE TO LEARN 6104 04:23:10,920 --> 04:23:13,080 LEARNING TERMS OF MEASURING 6105 04:23:13,080 --> 04:23:14,920 OUTCOMES AND LEARNING IN TERMS 6106 04:23:14,920 --> 04:23:17,280 OF RECRUITING AND USUALLY 6107 04:23:17,280 --> 04:23:20,960 PATIENTS ARE NOT VERY EASY TO 6108 04:23:20,960 --> 04:23:25,320 RECRUIT EITHER. SORT OF 6109 04:23:25,320 --> 04:23:26,600 STARTING WITH SMALL STEPS IF YOU 6110 04:23:26,600 --> 04:23:29,840 WANT AND MOVING FORWARD AND 6111 04:23:29,840 --> 04:23:33,880 WHERE WE ARE IN UK THIS IS BEST 6112 04:23:33,880 --> 04:23:36,080 WE CAN DO WE COULDN'T DO WHAT 6113 04:23:36,080 --> 04:23:37,800 JEAN IS DOING HERE. 6114 04:23:37,800 --> 04:23:40,000 >>I VIEW AS AN AND APPROACH, 6115 04:23:40,000 --> 04:23:42,720 YOU KNOW? HAVING TO DO 6116 04:23:42,720 --> 04:23:44,360 EVERYTHING AT ONCE AS FAST AS 6117 04:23:44,360 --> 04:23:46,320 POSSIBLE AND SEE WHAT STICKS TO 6118 04:23:46,320 --> 04:23:48,840 THE WALL AND MOST TRIALS FAIL 5 6119 04:23:48,840 --> 04:23:52,320 TO 30% OF PHASE 2A TRIALS WORK 6120 04:23:52,320 --> 04:23:56,560 AND TAME 2A TRIAL COULD WORK AND 6121 04:23:56,560 --> 04:23:59,520 METFORMIN MIGHT NOT BE RIGHT 6122 04:23:59,520 --> 04:24:01,640 AGENT PREPARING A PATH TOWARDS 6123 04:24:01,640 --> 04:24:02,760 SECONDARY PREVENTION TRIAL AND 6124 04:24:02,760 --> 04:24:04,720 IF DOESN'T WORK PUBLIC PREPARES 6125 04:24:04,720 --> 04:24:06,840 IT IS PANEL FOR AGENT IN 6126 04:24:06,840 --> 04:24:08,360 SECONDARY PREVENTION TRIAL AND 6127 04:24:08,360 --> 04:24:12,800 SAME WITH TRIALS GOING ON WITH 6128 04:24:12,800 --> 04:24:15,800 LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS AND 6129 04:24:15,800 --> 04:24:16,480 THERAPEUTICS ACROSS ACUTE 6130 04:24:16,480 --> 04:24:18,720 CHRONIC SEVERE STATES FOR 6131 04:24:18,720 --> 04:24:19,880 ADVANCED DISORDERS FOR WHICH 6132 04:24:19,880 --> 04:24:22,480 THERE IS NO GOOD TREATMENT AND 6133 04:24:22,480 --> 04:24:25,720 IDEA IS TO DO MULTIPLE TRIALS IN 6134 04:24:25,720 --> 04:24:28,160 PARALLEL RATHER THAN IN SERIES 6135 04:24:28,160 --> 04:24:29,320 RECOGNIZING MOST WILL FAIL AND 6136 04:24:29,320 --> 04:24:30,800 WAY THINGS ARE AND HOPING THERE 6137 04:24:30,800 --> 04:24:32,920 WILL BE A FEW WINS AND PUBLIC 6138 04:24:32,920 --> 04:24:34,480 HAS TO BE PREPARED THAT MOST 6139 04:24:34,480 --> 04:24:36,800 TRIALS WILL FAIL AND WE CAN'T 6140 04:24:36,800 --> 04:24:38,320 OVERPROMISE AND IF A FEW DO WORK 6141 04:24:38,320 --> 04:24:41,920 THAT IS A PANEL TOWARDS 6142 04:24:41,920 --> 04:24:44,880 EVENTUALLY WORKING BACK 6143 04:24:44,880 --> 04:24:46,080 GRADUALLY TOWARDS PRIMARY 6144 04:24:46,080 --> 04:24:49,680 PREVENT IN CASE OF DRUGS OR 6145 04:24:49,680 --> 04:24:50,560 NATURAL PRODUCTS THAT IS WITH 6146 04:24:50,560 --> 04:24:52,360 LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS WE CAN 6147 04:24:52,360 --> 04:24:54,520 GO TO RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES 6148 04:24:54,520 --> 04:24:55,560 PRIMARY INTERVENTION A LOT 6149 04:24:55,560 --> 04:24:57,600 EARLIER AND HAVE TO BE CAREFUL 6150 04:24:57,600 --> 04:25:00,960 DON'T WANT TO DO CALORIC 6151 04:25:00,960 --> 04:25:02,800 RESTRICTIONS IN 90 YEAR OLDS AND 6152 04:25:02,800 --> 04:25:06,600 SEVERING INVERTED U-SHAPE CURVE 6153 04:25:06,600 --> 04:25:07,760 AND EVERYTHING DONE AT RIGHT 6154 04:25:07,760 --> 04:25:08,000 PLAIN. 6155 04:25:08,000 --> 04:25:09,880 >>WE DIDN'T HAVE TIME TO GO 6156 04:25:09,880 --> 04:25:14,400 INTO THIS IN THIS SUMMIT. THERE 6157 04:25:14,400 --> 04:25:16,520 IS MANY DIFFERENT SORTS OF TRIAL 6158 04:25:16,520 --> 04:25:18,880 DESIGNS THAT ARE NOT JUST 6159 04:25:18,880 --> 04:25:19,760 PARALLEL TO DESIGNS. 6160 04:25:19,760 --> 04:25:21,880 WE COVID WE KNOW THAT SUDDENLY 6161 04:25:21,880 --> 04:25:24,600 PLATFORM DESIGNS THAT HAD BEEN 6162 04:25:24,600 --> 04:25:29,160 PRIMARILY USED IN CANCER AND 6163 04:25:29,160 --> 04:25:31,320 AMINA IS PROBABLY OUT THERE 6164 04:25:31,320 --> 04:25:33,360 SOMEWHERE AND WHERE IT IS FIRST 6165 04:25:33,360 --> 04:25:35,000 DEVELOPED AND TRYING DISEASE AND 6166 04:25:35,000 --> 04:25:36,840 TRYING THERAPEUTICS INTERVENTION 6167 04:25:36,840 --> 04:25:38,200 FOR THAT DISEASE. YOU MAY BE -- 6168 04:25:38,200 --> 04:25:40,840 YOU ARE DOING ADAPTIVE DESIGNS 6169 04:25:40,840 --> 04:25:44,840 AND YOU ARE CHANGING 6170 04:25:44,840 --> 04:25:46,840 RANDOMIZATION BASED ON END 6171 04:25:46,840 --> 04:25:48,480 POINTS MAY BE IN A PATHWAY. SO, 6172 04:25:48,480 --> 04:25:52,480 THERE IS A LOT OF DIFFERENT 6173 04:25:52,480 --> 04:25:54,880 TRIAL DESIGNS WHERE THEY CAN BE 6174 04:25:54,880 --> 04:25:55,840 MORE EFFICIENT. 6175 04:25:55,840 --> 04:26:00,120 SO, I THINK THAT AS THE FIELD 6176 04:26:00,120 --> 04:26:02,760 GROWS THEN THESE OTHER MORE 6177 04:26:02,760 --> 04:26:03,920 EFFICIENT DESIGNS THAT TOOK OVER 6178 04:26:03,920 --> 04:26:06,880 DURING COVID MIGHT BE APPLIED. 6179 04:26:06,880 --> 04:26:08,440 >>I WILL MAKE ONE OTHER POINT 6180 04:26:08,440 --> 04:26:10,400 TOO I DIDN'T HAVE TIME TO MAKE 6181 04:26:10,400 --> 04:26:12,520 SEEING WHAT OTHER PEOPLE THINK 6182 04:26:12,520 --> 04:26:14,320 THAT IS THAT WE SHOULDN'T GET 6183 04:26:14,320 --> 04:26:17,760 TOO HUNG UP ON PRIMARY OUTCOMES 6184 04:26:17,760 --> 04:26:19,240 NOT OUTCOMES TRYING FOR 6185 04:26:19,240 --> 04:26:21,280 REGISTRATION AND POINT MADE 6186 04:26:21,280 --> 04:26:22,480 EARLIER SECONDARY AND 6187 04:26:22,480 --> 04:26:24,680 EXPLORATORY OUTCOMES COULD BE AS 6188 04:26:24,680 --> 04:26:26,880 OR MORE IMPORTANT THAN PRIMARY 6189 04:26:26,880 --> 04:26:28,920 OUTCOMES LOOKING FOR 6190 04:26:28,920 --> 04:26:30,640 COMMONALITIES AND INITIATED WITH 6191 04:26:30,640 --> 04:26:32,720 DRUG COMPANY TRIALS THAT IS 6192 04:26:32,720 --> 04:26:33,760 PERFECTLY REASONABLE AND FOR 6193 04:26:33,760 --> 04:26:35,560 LOTS OF AGENTS WE DON'T NEED 6194 04:26:35,560 --> 04:26:38,120 PHASE 3 TRIALS IF TALKING ABOUT 6195 04:26:38,120 --> 04:26:39,680 REPURPOSING AND YOU ONLY NEED 6196 04:26:39,680 --> 04:26:41,520 REALLY PHASE 3 AND 4 IF YOU GO 6197 04:26:41,520 --> 04:26:44,200 TO -- IF YOU GO FOR REGISTRATION 6198 04:26:44,200 --> 04:26:47,040 ON A FORM YOU'LLARY AND LOTS OF 6199 04:26:47,040 --> 04:26:48,000 INTERVENTIONS ARE LIFESTYLE 6200 04:26:48,000 --> 04:26:50,040 INTERVENTIONS NO THE TRYING FOR 6201 04:26:50,040 --> 04:26:53,960 FORM YOU'LLARY AND REPURPOSE 6202 04:26:53,960 --> 04:26:56,880 DRUGS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS NOT 6203 04:26:56,880 --> 04:26:59,480 TRYING FOR A NATURAL PROFIT. 6204 04:26:59,480 --> 04:27:01,920 >>CAN I POP -- HELLO. CAN I 6205 04:27:01,920 --> 04:27:05,680 FOLLOW UP ON YOUR COMMENT THERE, 6206 04:27:05,680 --> 04:27:09,240 JIM? YOU OR SOMEONE STATED REAL 6207 04:27:09,240 --> 04:27:10,880 POP IN COMMUNITY THAT WILL 6208 04:27:10,880 --> 04:27:12,400 HAPPEN THAT IS INTERVENTION THAT 6209 04:27:12,400 --> 04:27:14,880 IS EFFECTIVE AND SAFE APPROVED 6210 04:27:14,880 --> 04:27:16,240 TO STYLE PRACTITIONERS AND COULD 6211 04:27:16,240 --> 04:27:18,240 YOU CLINICIANS OUT THERE SPEAK 6212 04:27:18,240 --> 04:27:20,960 TO HOW YOU SEE THE PROSPECTS FOR 6213 04:27:20,960 --> 04:27:23,240 BRIDGING FROM THE FRAILTY INDEX 6214 04:27:23,240 --> 04:27:28,480 OR FRAILTY PHENOTYPE, ET CETERA, 6215 04:27:28,480 --> 04:27:30,880 TO REGISTERABLE ENDPOINTS AND 6216 04:27:30,880 --> 04:27:32,000 LOOKING FOR DIFFERENT DISEASES 6217 04:27:32,000 --> 04:27:35,320 AND SO FORTH AND FASCINATED BY 6218 04:27:35,320 --> 04:27:40,200 EXPERIENCE OF NHEMR AND EMA AND 6219 04:27:40,200 --> 04:27:43,680 FDA DOESN'T CONSIDER SARCOPENIA 6220 04:27:43,680 --> 04:27:45,520 DISEASE YET ORE HASN'T YET AND 6221 04:27:45,520 --> 04:27:49,000 IF CLINICIANS OR GEROSCIENTISTS 6222 04:27:49,000 --> 04:27:51,280 ON THE PANEL COULD COMMENT, 6223 04:27:51,280 --> 04:27:51,520 PLEASE. 6224 04:27:51,520 --> 04:27:54,560 >>SARCOPENIA IS AN ENDPOINT IN 6225 04:27:54,560 --> 04:27:57,040 THE ICD JUST NOT WELL DEFINED WE 6226 04:27:57,040 --> 04:27:59,680 HAVE TO GET INSERTED INTO ICD 6227 04:27:59,680 --> 04:28:05,320 AND WORK WITH WHO AND GENEVA 6228 04:28:05,320 --> 04:28:08,960 HARD TO GET MULTI-MORBIDITY IN 6229 04:28:08,960 --> 04:28:11,920 THERE. SARCOPENIA IS IN THE ICD 6230 04:28:11,920 --> 04:28:14,640 JUST NOT PROPERLY OR CLEARLY 6231 04:28:14,640 --> 04:28:16,160 DEFINED AT THIS POINT AND IS ON 6232 04:28:16,160 --> 04:28:19,160 US TO DO THAT AND FDA AND EMA 6233 04:28:19,160 --> 04:28:20,560 AND SO FORTH WILL ONLY FOLLOW 6234 04:28:20,560 --> 04:28:23,760 WHAT IS IN ICD. 6235 04:28:23,760 --> 04:28:25,520 >>I THINK THAT BEST WAY TO 6236 04:28:25,520 --> 04:28:27,400 TRANSITION TO CLINICIANS IS TO I 6237 04:28:27,400 --> 04:28:29,760 MEAN OBVIOUSLY ONCE WE HAVE 6238 04:28:29,760 --> 04:28:32,240 EVIDENCE THAT IS CREATING 6239 04:28:32,240 --> 04:28:33,160 CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES 6240 04:28:33,160 --> 04:28:37,040 THAT IS WHAT GENERALLY IS 6241 04:28:37,040 --> 04:28:38,400 FOLLOWED IN MEDICINE AND TAUGHT 6242 04:28:38,400 --> 04:28:41,920 TO TRAINEES. 6243 04:28:41,920 --> 04:28:44,080 YEAH. 6244 04:28:44,080 --> 04:28:46,960 >>I WANT TO FOLLOW UP ON A 6245 04:28:46,960 --> 04:28:48,800 REALLY IMPORTANT COMMENT THAT 6246 04:28:48,800 --> 04:28:50,880 HEATHER MADE AND PUT UP THE 6247 04:28:50,880 --> 04:28:53,040 QUESTION AND ISSUE WITH 6248 04:28:53,040 --> 04:28:54,640 EQUIPOISE IS VITALLY IMPORTANT 6249 04:28:54,640 --> 04:28:57,200 NOT JUST GOOD SCIENCE. WE HAVE 6250 04:28:57,200 --> 04:28:58,800 TO REALIZE HOW SKEPTICAL 6251 04:28:58,800 --> 04:29:01,680 CLINICAL COLLEAGUES ARE OF 6252 04:29:01,680 --> 04:29:04,600 EVERYTHING THAT GEROSCIENCY. 6253 04:29:04,600 --> 04:29:06,480 PART OF IT TO EXPLAIN TO -- 6254 04:29:06,480 --> 04:29:08,480 WHERE THIS IS COMING FROM I 6255 04:29:08,480 --> 04:29:10,880 THINK A LOT HAS TO DO WITH FACT 6256 04:29:10,880 --> 04:29:13,680 THAT WHEN YOU TAKE CARE OF OLDER 6257 04:29:13,680 --> 04:29:15,120 PATIENTS EVERYTHING IS FACT 6258 04:29:15,120 --> 04:29:18,480 TORIAL AND MESSY FOR LACK OF A 6259 04:29:18,480 --> 04:29:21,000 DIFFERENT WORD AND LONG HISTORY 6260 04:29:21,000 --> 04:29:25,680 OF ACUTE DISAPPOINTMENT WHEN 6261 04:29:25,680 --> 04:29:27,000 INVESTIGATORS INTERESTED IN A 6262 04:29:27,000 --> 04:29:28,160 PARTICULAR MOLECULE AND DRUG 6263 04:29:28,160 --> 04:29:31,200 CLAIMED TO HAVE SOLVED AN ISSUE 6264 04:29:31,200 --> 04:29:32,720 THAT THEN DOESN'T WORK IN REAL 6265 04:29:32,720 --> 04:29:35,480 WORLD AND EXAMPLE OF THAT WE 6266 04:29:35,480 --> 04:29:37,760 HAVE CURED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 6267 04:29:37,760 --> 04:29:40,360 IN MICE 500 TIMES AND EVERY 6268 04:29:40,360 --> 04:29:42,200 COUPLE WEEKS WE CURE IT. WE 6269 04:29:42,200 --> 04:29:43,760 DON'T HAVE TREATMENT THAT REALLY 6270 04:29:43,760 --> 04:29:46,120 WORKS IN PATIENTS AND HAVE TO BE 6271 04:29:46,120 --> 04:29:48,680 VERY, VERY CAREFUL BECAUSE IN 6272 04:29:48,680 --> 04:29:52,040 DIFFICULTY WITH GEROSCIENCES IS 6273 04:29:52,040 --> 04:29:54,200 GEROSCIENCE CONCEPT MAKES SUCH 6274 04:29:54,200 --> 04:29:55,560 GOOD SENSE THAT IF SOMEBODY 6275 04:29:55,560 --> 04:29:56,840 DOESN'T BELIEVE IT IT IS ALMOST 6276 04:29:56,840 --> 04:29:59,000 LIKE WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU? 6277 04:29:59,000 --> 04:30:01,800 WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL DOING 6278 04:30:01,800 --> 04:30:03,920 TRIALS KEEPING HEARING OVER AND 6279 04:30:03,920 --> 04:30:06,600 OVER AGAIN THAT BELIEF IS NOT A 6280 04:30:06,600 --> 04:30:09,040 GOOD -- BELIEF IS NOT A GOOD 6281 04:30:09,040 --> 04:30:10,520 INGREDIENT TO BE PART OF SCIENCE 6282 04:30:10,520 --> 04:30:12,640 WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO DO 6283 04:30:12,640 --> 04:30:14,240 PARTICULARLY WHEN TRYING TO DO 6284 04:30:14,240 --> 04:30:15,880 CLINICAL TRIALS AND WANT TO 6285 04:30:15,880 --> 04:30:17,480 RE-ENFORCE THAT. QUESTION I 6286 04:30:17,480 --> 04:30:20,080 WANT TO PUT UP IS JIM I LEFT 6287 04:30:20,080 --> 04:30:21,080 THROWING STUFF AT THE WALL AND 6288 04:30:21,080 --> 04:30:22,720 SEE WHAT STICKS I LOVE THAT 6289 04:30:22,720 --> 04:30:25,560 ANALOGY AND DOING THAT. I'M 6290 04:30:25,560 --> 04:30:27,440 WONDERING IF WE HAVEN'T REACHED 6291 04:30:27,440 --> 04:30:29,600 THE STAGE NOW WHERE THERE IS 6292 04:30:29,600 --> 04:30:31,760 ENOUGH EXPERIENCE WITH ANIMAL 6293 04:30:31,760 --> 04:30:33,800 MODEL TRIALS AND ANIMAL MODELS 6294 04:30:33,800 --> 04:30:35,760 AND IN EARLY STAGE HUMAN TRIALS 6295 04:30:35,760 --> 04:30:37,720 THAT WE CAN KIND OF START TO GET 6296 04:30:37,720 --> 04:30:39,720 A SENSE OF WHAT DOESN'T WORK FOR 6297 04:30:39,720 --> 04:30:41,720 WHICH CONDITION AND WHY. WHAT 6298 04:30:41,720 --> 04:30:44,600 I'M TRYING TO GET AT IS YOU KNOW 6299 04:30:44,600 --> 04:30:47,440 INSTEAD OF THINKING OF HALLMARKS 6300 04:30:47,440 --> 04:30:50,280 AND SPOKE OF A WHEEL THINKING 6301 04:30:50,280 --> 04:30:51,920 ABOUT EVENTS THAT OCCUR MORE 6302 04:30:51,920 --> 04:30:54,360 UPSTREAM AND KIND OF LIKE YOU 6303 04:30:54,360 --> 04:30:55,760 KNOW UNDERLYING FACTORS AND THEN 6304 04:30:55,760 --> 04:30:58,480 THE DRIVERS AND ACCELERATORS 6305 04:30:58,480 --> 04:31:00,320 THAT ARE FURTHER DOWNSTREAM AND 6306 04:31:00,320 --> 04:31:04,560 MAYBE WE CAN LEARN ABOUT WHY 6307 04:31:04,560 --> 04:31:05,600 ANTIINFLAMMATORY STRATEGIES 6308 04:31:05,600 --> 04:31:08,080 WORKED FOR CARDIAC DISEASES AND 6309 04:31:08,080 --> 04:31:11,360 NOT FOR FRAILTY AND WHY CERTAIN 6310 04:31:11,360 --> 04:31:12,600 INTERVENTIONS ARE MORE UPSTREAM 6311 04:31:12,600 --> 04:31:14,560 AND WORK FOR MULTIPLE CHRONIC 6312 04:31:14,560 --> 04:31:16,520 DISEASES AND OTHERS ARE MORE 6313 04:31:16,520 --> 04:31:18,880 DOWNSTREAM AND DON'T WORK FOR 6314 04:31:18,880 --> 04:31:20,760 MULTIPLE CHRONIC DISEASES 6315 04:31:20,760 --> 04:31:23,040 GETTING THOUGHTS ON IT AND 6316 04:31:23,040 --> 04:31:24,320 STARTING SLOWING AT WALL AND 6317 04:31:24,320 --> 04:31:26,880 MORE SELECTIVE WHAT WE THROW AT 6318 04:31:26,880 --> 04:31:33,080 WALL OR MORE TARGETED. 6319 04:31:33,080 --> 04:31:33,560 >>[INDISCERNIBLE]. 6320 04:31:33,560 --> 04:31:36,360 >>I THINK YOU ARE SAYING THERE 6321 04:31:36,360 --> 04:31:38,160 NEEDS TO BE PERSONALIZED 6322 04:31:38,160 --> 04:31:38,960 APPROACHES THAT IS ONE THING AND 6323 04:31:38,960 --> 04:31:42,440 IS TRUE AND WE HAVE TO LOOK AT 6324 04:31:42,440 --> 04:31:44,560 WHICH INTERVENTION TO GIVE WHEN 6325 04:31:44,560 --> 04:31:47,920 DURING LIFESPAN AND ARGUING NED 6326 04:31:47,920 --> 04:31:49,160 PRECURSORS WOULD BE BAD AND 6327 04:31:49,160 --> 04:31:52,800 THOSE WITH CANCER AND POTENTIAL 6328 04:31:52,800 --> 04:31:54,840 MET AFT KRIZ AND THEN THERE WILL 6329 04:31:54,840 --> 04:31:58,480 BE QUESTION OF IF YOU COMBINE 6330 04:31:58,480 --> 04:31:59,480 INTERVENTIONS ARE THEY LESS 6331 04:31:59,480 --> 04:32:04,080 ADDITIVE OR MORE ADDITIVE AND 6332 04:32:04,080 --> 04:32:05,320 COMBINING GEROSCIENCE 6333 04:32:05,320 --> 04:32:06,520 INTERVENTIONS WILL THERE BE SIN 6334 04:32:06,520 --> 04:32:07,920 ERNLY AND LOOKING LIKE THAT IS 6335 04:32:07,920 --> 04:32:10,520 THE CASE AND LATTER APPEARS TO 6336 04:32:10,520 --> 04:32:12,200 BE CASE WITH FIBROTIC DISEASES 6337 04:32:12,200 --> 04:32:15,400 AND FIVE OF THEM IN PRECLINICAL 6338 04:32:15,400 --> 04:32:17,880 MODELS AND WILL BE ONCE WE GET 6339 04:32:17,880 --> 04:32:20,360 AN IDEA ABOUT WHICH 6340 04:32:20,360 --> 04:32:21,680 GEROTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS 6341 04:32:21,680 --> 04:32:25,440 HAVE A SIGNAL AND THEY MIGHT 6342 04:32:25,440 --> 04:32:27,040 WORK NEXT STEP IS COMBINING THEM 6343 04:32:27,040 --> 04:32:29,240 WITH DISEASE SPECIFIC AND 6344 04:32:29,240 --> 04:32:30,880 POPULATION SPECIFIC KINDS OF 6345 04:32:30,880 --> 04:32:34,520 INTERVENTIONS AND USING 6346 04:32:34,520 --> 04:32:35,280 PERSONALIZED APPROACHES THAT 6347 04:32:35,280 --> 04:32:37,320 WILL REQUIRE ITERATIVE 6348 04:32:37,320 --> 04:32:40,440 DEVELOPMENT OF GERODIAGNOSTICS 6349 04:32:40,440 --> 04:32:41,760 TO INFORM WHICH INTERVENTIONS TO 6350 04:32:41,760 --> 04:32:45,440 USE AND THERE WILL NEVER BE A 6351 04:32:45,440 --> 04:32:48,000 SINGLE SORT OF COMPOSITE OR 6352 04:32:48,000 --> 04:32:49,440 SIGNATURE SCORE THAT WE WILL USE 6353 04:32:49,440 --> 04:32:51,840 AND WILL BE EVOLVING OVER TIME. 6354 04:32:51,840 --> 04:32:52,280 >>RIGHT. 6355 04:32:52,280 --> 04:32:54,560 >>SAME WAY AS INTERVENTIONS. 6356 04:32:54,560 --> 04:32:56,280 >>SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND 6357 04:32:56,280 --> 04:32:57,680 SIGNATURES MORE PREDICTIVE OF 6358 04:32:57,680 --> 04:33:00,120 CERTAIN DISEASE CLUSTERS VERSUS 6359 04:33:00,120 --> 04:33:01,320 OTHER DISEASE CLUSTERS. 6360 04:33:01,320 --> 04:33:05,200 >>ONE PROBLEM TOO THAT KEEPS 6361 04:33:05,200 --> 04:33:09,720 COMING UP IS PEOPLE TALK ABOUT 6362 04:33:09,720 --> 04:33:12,120 LOOKING FOR PATHWAYS WE DON'T 6363 04:33:12,120 --> 04:33:15,880 KNOW WHAT THEY ARE AND GSOGA 6364 04:33:15,880 --> 04:33:17,480 DATA BASES DON'T HAVE PATHWAYS 6365 04:33:17,480 --> 04:33:22,560 IN THERE LOOKING AT CLASSIC ONE 6366 04:33:22,560 --> 04:33:24,480 NOW HYDROCARBON PATHWAY FOUND IN 6367 04:33:24,480 --> 04:33:27,440 ROCK FISH APPLYING TO HUMANS 6368 04:33:27,440 --> 04:33:31,240 LOOKS MORE IMPORTANT THAN IGF1 6369 04:33:31,240 --> 04:33:34,520 PATHWAY IN RELATIONSHIP TO 6370 04:33:34,520 --> 04:33:36,880 LIKELIHOOD OF EXTENSIVE AND HAS 6371 04:33:36,880 --> 04:33:41,480 ANYWHERE FROM 14 TO 200 YEARS 6372 04:33:41,480 --> 04:33:44,200 DEPENDING ON SPECIES AND 6373 04:33:44,200 --> 04:33:47,880 ANCESTRAL ROCK FISH LIVED OVER 2 6374 04:33:47,880 --> 04:33:49,560 CREPTURIES AND SECOND PATHWAY 6375 04:33:49,560 --> 04:33:52,720 IMPORTANT ONE IS IGF1 AND FIRST 6376 04:33:52,720 --> 04:33:54,720 IMPORTANT ONE IS HYDROCARBON ONE 6377 04:33:54,720 --> 04:33:57,880 SEEMS TO BE TRUE IN HUMANS 6378 04:33:57,880 --> 04:33:59,560 COMPARED TO NON-SEINE 10ARIANS 6379 04:33:59,560 --> 04:34:02,000 NEVER LOOKED FOR IT PEOPLE 6380 04:34:02,000 --> 04:34:04,080 DIDN'T THINK OF PUTTING FACTORS 6381 04:34:04,080 --> 04:34:06,640 TOGETHER AND NOBODY THOUGHT 6382 04:34:06,640 --> 04:34:08,600 PATHWAY STILL EXISTED AND GOING 6383 04:34:08,600 --> 04:34:10,520 BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN SPECIES 6384 04:34:10,520 --> 04:34:11,840 THINKING OUTSIDE OF THE BOX NOT 6385 04:34:11,840 --> 04:34:15,480 STUCK WITH EXISTING PATHWAYS 6386 04:34:15,480 --> 04:34:16,520 THAT PEOPLE [INDISCERNIBLE]. 6387 04:34:16,520 --> 04:34:19,920 >>DISCOVERIES OF MECHANISMS 6388 04:34:19,920 --> 04:34:21,320 UNSUPERVISED REVERSE TRANSLATION 6389 04:34:21,320 --> 04:34:22,240 IS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT AND WHAT 6390 04:34:22,240 --> 04:34:26,720 YOU ARE DOING IN R33 AND BIOBANK 6391 04:34:26,720 --> 04:34:28,280 EXAMPLES FROM TRIALS AND TAKING 6392 04:34:28,280 --> 04:34:29,920 BACK TO BASIC SCIENCE LABORATORY 6393 04:34:29,920 --> 04:34:34,000 AND APPROACHES WILL BE SO 6394 04:34:34,000 --> 04:34:34,320 ESSENTIAL. 6395 04:34:34,320 --> 04:34:36,480 >>YEAH. IT IS A LOT WE DON'T 6396 04:34:36,480 --> 04:34:38,560 KNOW AND WE DON'T KNOW FOR 6397 04:34:38,560 --> 04:34:40,520 EXAMPLE WHETHER THERE IS 6398 04:34:40,520 --> 04:34:43,080 HIERARCHY AMONG TISSUES WHERE 6399 04:34:43,080 --> 04:34:44,680 AGING HAPPENS IN DIFFERENT RATES 6400 04:34:44,680 --> 04:34:46,560 AND PLACES AND DON'T KNOW 6401 04:34:46,560 --> 04:34:49,080 WHETHER MOLECULE ACTS AND IN 6402 04:34:49,080 --> 04:34:50,760 WHAT TISSUES AND WHAT CELL TYPE 6403 04:34:50,760 --> 04:34:52,400 AND DIFFERENT MOLECULES WILL 6404 04:34:52,400 --> 04:34:53,560 PROBABLY HAVE DIFFERENT TARGETS 6405 04:34:53,560 --> 04:34:57,600 AND SO I THINK THERE IS A LOT TO 6406 04:34:57,600 --> 04:35:02,880 DISCOVER. 6407 04:35:02,880 --> 04:35:11,360 >>[INDISCERNIBLE]. 6408 04:35:11,360 --> 04:35:14,040 >>IF NO FURTHER QUESTIONS, 6409 04:35:14,040 --> 04:35:18,880 THANKING THE PANELISTS AND 6410 04:35:18,880 --> 04:35:23,960 SPEAKERS AND THE AUDIENCE 6411 04:35:23,960 --> 04:35:25,720 >>WILL BEGIN 6412 04:35:25,720 --> 04:35:27,840 WITH REVIEWS OF THE SESSIONS 6413 04:35:27,840 --> 04:35:31,640 DONE BY THE NEXT GENERATION OF 6414 04:35:31,640 --> 04:35:34,800 INVESTIGATORS AND WILL HEAR FROM 6415 04:35:34,800 --> 04:35:50,800 JESSICA SMITH FROM SESSION 1. 6416 04:35:50,800 --> 04:35:52,160 >>GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 6417 04:35:52,160 --> 04:35:54,720 AND THANKS TO THE ORGANIZERS AND 6418 04:35:54,720 --> 04:35:57,160 ALL PARTICIPANTS FOR INFORMED 6419 04:35:57,160 --> 04:35:59,400 SESSIONS AND I'M JESSICA SMITH 6420 04:35:59,400 --> 04:36:01,120 AND WILL SUMMARIZE FIRST SESSION 6421 04:36:01,120 --> 04:36:07,080 ON BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF 6422 04:36:07,080 --> 04:36:11,560 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND AGING. 6423 04:36:11,560 --> 04:36:12,960 THERE WE GO. [INDISCERNIBLE] 6424 04:36:12,960 --> 04:36:14,840 BEGAN THE SESSION ESTABLISHING 6425 04:36:14,840 --> 04:36:16,000 DEFINITIONS OF SOCIAL 6426 04:36:16,000 --> 04:36:17,360 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND 6427 04:36:17,360 --> 04:36:20,760 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND SHARED 6428 04:36:20,760 --> 04:36:22,080 SELF CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH 6429 04:36:22,080 --> 04:36:23,840 FRAMEWORKS THAT HAD MODELS OF 6430 04:36:23,840 --> 04:36:26,800 DOMAINS OF INFLUENCE SUCH AS 6431 04:36:26,800 --> 04:36:29,880 BIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL AND 6432 04:36:29,880 --> 04:36:31,760 OTHERS TO AID REDUCTION OF 6433 04:36:31,760 --> 04:36:34,440 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND SHARED 6434 04:36:34,440 --> 04:36:36,440 SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF PAST 6435 04:36:36,440 --> 04:36:38,160 RESEARCH TO EMPHASIZE IMPORTANCE 6436 04:36:38,160 --> 04:36:40,800 OF CONSIDERING SOCIAL 6437 04:36:40,800 --> 04:36:43,120 DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN 6438 04:36:43,120 --> 04:36:45,680 GEROSCIENCE AND NEED FOR 6439 04:36:45,680 --> 04:36:47,800 MULTILEVEL INTERVENTIONS WITH 6440 04:36:47,800 --> 04:36:49,520 EMPHASIS ON INTERSECTIONALITY 6441 04:36:49,520 --> 04:36:54,000 AND TRUST BETWEEN PATIENTS AND 6442 04:36:54,000 --> 04:36:57,560 CLINICIANS AND SOCIAL ORDER TO 6443 04:36:57,560 --> 04:37:01,200 BRING ABOUT HEALTH DISPARITIES 6444 04:37:01,200 --> 04:37:06,880 AND INTRODUCING CONCEPT OF 6445 04:37:06,880 --> 04:37:08,120 STRUCTURAL FACTORS AND SHARED 6446 04:37:08,120 --> 04:37:11,880 SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF INTERACTION 6447 04:37:11,880 --> 04:37:14,400 OF SOCIAL AND STRUCTURAL 6448 04:37:14,400 --> 04:37:16,800 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND 6449 04:37:16,800 --> 04:37:18,400 EMPHASIZED IMPORTANCE OF 6450 04:37:18,400 --> 04:37:19,680 CONSIDERING STRUCTURAL AND 6451 04:37:19,680 --> 04:37:21,440 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 6452 04:37:21,440 --> 04:37:24,800 FOR HEALTH RESEARCH TO ADDRESS 6453 04:37:24,800 --> 04:37:27,240 UPSTREAM FUNDAMENTAL CAUSES OF 6454 04:37:27,240 --> 04:37:30,360 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND SHARED 6455 04:37:30,360 --> 04:37:33,720 NINR STRATEGIC PLAN TO ACHIEVE 6456 04:37:33,720 --> 04:37:35,640 HEALTH EQUITY THROUGH 6457 04:37:35,640 --> 04:37:36,440 UTILIZATION AND MULTILEVEL 6458 04:37:36,440 --> 04:37:38,440 STRUCTURAL APPROACHES AND DR. 6459 04:37:38,440 --> 04:37:41,400 WALLACE CONCENTRATED ON 6460 04:37:41,400 --> 04:37:44,840 PERSPECTIVE OF NCI AND RECENT 6461 04:37:44,840 --> 04:37:47,000 NATIONAL CANCER PLAN. SHE 6462 04:37:47,000 --> 04:37:50,040 SHARE 6463 04:37:50,040 --> 04:37:52,680 SHASHARE 6464 04:37:52,680 --> 04:37:55,120 NCI'S WORK AND DEVELOPMENT OF 6465 04:37:55,120 --> 04:37:57,720 DIVERSE CANCER MODELS AND DR. 6466 04:37:57,720 --> 04:37:59,680 WALLACE DEMONSTRATED SEVERAL 6467 04:37:59,680 --> 04:38:02,480 SPECIFIC AREAS OF RESEARCH INTO 6468 04:38:02,480 --> 04:38:04,120 BASIC MECHANISMS OF CANCER 6469 04:38:04,120 --> 04:38:07,600 DISPARITIES AND EPIGENETIC AGING 6470 04:38:07,600 --> 04:38:09,680 AND COAL OE RECTAL CANCER AND 6471 04:38:09,680 --> 04:38:12,200 SHARED EXAMPLES OF HEALTH 6472 04:38:12,200 --> 04:38:14,800 DISPARITIES ASSOCIATED WITH 6473 04:38:14,800 --> 04:38:16,840 EARLIER CANCER INCIDENCE AND 6474 04:38:16,840 --> 04:38:19,680 SURVIVAL AND CONTINUED THEME OF 6475 04:38:19,680 --> 04:38:21,360 MULTILEVEL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING 6476 04:38:21,360 --> 04:38:27,680 TO HEALTH DISPARITIES AND DR. 6477 04:38:27,680 --> 04:38:32,160 LAWRENCE -- CONNECTING 6478 04:38:32,160 --> 04:38:33,720 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH WITH 6479 04:38:33,720 --> 04:38:35,360 CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SHARED 6480 04:38:35,360 --> 04:38:37,920 POSSIBILITIES FOR FURTHER AGING 6481 04:38:37,920 --> 04:38:39,680 RESEARCH STRATEGIES ASSESSING 6482 04:38:39,680 --> 04:38:42,960 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH 6483 04:38:42,960 --> 04:38:43,680 DISPARITIES SUCH AS 6484 04:38:43,680 --> 04:38:45,600 IDENTIFICATION OF NEW BIOMARKERS 6485 04:38:45,600 --> 04:38:48,560 AND INVESTIGATION OF IPT ORGAN 6486 04:38:48,560 --> 04:38:51,680 COMMUNICATION AND STUDYING 6487 04:38:51,680 --> 04:38:53,680 HEALTH DISPARITIES VIA 6488 04:38:53,680 --> 04:38:55,080 STANDARDIZED METRICS OF HEALTH 6489 04:38:55,080 --> 04:38:57,680 AND DR. DAVIS DISCUSSED NEED FOR 6490 04:38:57,680 --> 04:39:00,680 PRECISION MEDICINE AS WELL AS 6491 04:39:00,680 --> 04:39:02,520 LIMITATIONS TO PRECISION 6492 04:39:02,520 --> 04:39:03,680 MEDICINE IMPLEMENTATION AND 6493 04:39:03,680 --> 04:39:05,040 HIGHLIGHTED NEED FOR PUBLIC 6494 04:39:05,040 --> 04:39:07,680 TRUST AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 6495 04:39:07,680 --> 04:39:11,680 AND DR. THORP RECOMMENDED 6496 04:39:11,680 --> 04:39:13,320 INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 6497 04:39:13,320 --> 04:39:14,560 BEFORE BEGINNING PANEL 6498 04:39:14,560 --> 04:39:16,520 DISCUSSION THAT CONSISTED OF 6499 04:39:16,520 --> 04:39:18,600 SEVERAL FASCINATING DISCUSSIONS 6500 04:39:18,600 --> 04:39:19,680 INCLUDING INCORPORATION OF 6501 04:39:19,680 --> 04:39:22,400 HEALTH DISPARITIES INTO RESEARCH 6502 04:39:22,400 --> 04:39:24,240 AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS THAT 6503 04:39:24,240 --> 04:39:26,360 CHANGED OVER TIME AND DISCUSSED 6504 04:39:26,360 --> 04:39:29,760 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH 6505 04:39:29,760 --> 04:39:31,280 DISPARITIES DISCUSSING CONTEXT 6506 04:39:31,280 --> 04:39:32,960 NEEDED TO INTERPRET SUCH 6507 04:39:32,960 --> 04:39:34,960 RESEARCH AND CONVERSATION ON 6508 04:39:34,960 --> 04:39:36,320 BIOLOGICAL QUESTION OF CAUSE AND 6509 04:39:36,320 --> 04:39:38,280 EFFECT WITH HEALTH DISPARITIES 6510 04:39:38,280 --> 04:39:42,520 WITH AGING AND PANELISTS SHARED 6511 04:39:42,520 --> 04:39:45,120 IMPORTANCE OF THOUKTFUL CARE TO 6512 04:39:45,120 --> 04:39:46,960 BEST DISSEMINATE FINDINGS AND IN 6513 04:39:46,960 --> 04:39:50,000 SUMMARY SPEAKERS AND PANELISTS 6514 04:39:50,000 --> 04:39:50,920 COVERED OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL 6515 04:39:50,920 --> 04:39:52,680 AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF 6516 04:39:52,680 --> 04:39:54,840 HEALTH IMPACTING INDIVIDUAL AND 6517 04:39:54,840 --> 04:39:56,240 POPULATION HEALTH ACROSS THE 6518 04:39:56,240 --> 04:39:58,080 LIFESPAN AND ARE DRIVERS OF 6519 04:39:58,080 --> 04:40:00,320 HEALTH AND HEALTH INEQUITIES AND 6520 04:40:00,320 --> 04:40:05,640 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND 6521 04:40:05,640 --> 04:40:08,040 INEQUITIES AD -- CHARACTERISTICS 6522 04:40:08,040 --> 04:40:11,320 HISTORICALLY LINKED TO 6523 04:40:11,320 --> 04:40:14,760 DISCRIMINATION OR EXCLUSION AND 6524 04:40:14,760 --> 04:40:16,400 DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES 6525 04:40:16,400 --> 04:40:19,560 BECOME BIOLOGICALLY IMBEDDED IN 6526 04:40:19,560 --> 04:40:20,800 INDIVIDUALS CAUSING AND 6527 04:40:20,800 --> 04:40:22,800 SUSTAINING BIOLOGICAL CHANGES 6528 04:40:22,800 --> 04:40:24,200 RESULTING IN DIFFERENT HEALTH 6529 04:40:24,200 --> 04:40:27,200 LATER IN LIFE AND ALTERED LIFE 6530 04:40:27,200 --> 04:40:29,480 EXPECTANCY AND SPEAKERS AND 6531 04:40:29,480 --> 04:40:31,560 PANELISTS DISCUSS NUMEROUS 6532 04:40:31,560 --> 04:40:33,720 EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH DISPLAYING 6533 04:40:33,720 --> 04:40:34,640 HEALTH DISPARITIES IN SCIENCE 6534 04:40:34,640 --> 04:40:38,160 AND BIOMARKERS STRATEGIES AND 6535 04:40:38,160 --> 04:40:40,720 INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE 6536 04:40:40,720 --> 04:40:42,480 INEQUITIES AND OVERALL SPEAKERS 6537 04:40:42,480 --> 04:40:45,280 AND PANELISTS RECOMMENDED 6538 04:40:45,280 --> 04:40:46,120 SEVERAL THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND 6539 04:40:46,120 --> 04:40:49,960 AND AIM FOR IN THE FUTURE GIVEN 6540 04:40:49,960 --> 04:40:51,560 HETEROGENEITY IN INDIVIDUAL'S 6541 04:40:51,560 --> 04:40:53,960 LIFE CONTEXT PRECISION MEDICINE 6542 04:40:53,960 --> 04:40:56,760 WOULD BETTER TAILOR 6543 04:40:56,760 --> 04:40:57,400 GEROSCIENTIFIC INTERVENTIONS FOR 6544 04:40:57,400 --> 04:40:58,280 EACH INDIVIDUAL AND RECOMMENDED 6545 04:40:58,280 --> 04:41:01,600 WAS A PUSH AWAY FROM SINGLE 6546 04:41:01,600 --> 04:41:03,560 DISEASE RESPONSES AND INDIVIDUAL 6547 04:41:03,560 --> 04:41:05,400 CENTRIC RESEARCH TOWARDS 6548 04:41:05,400 --> 04:41:08,120 STRUCTURAL CHANGE MULTILEVEL 6549 04:41:08,120 --> 04:41:09,000 INTERVENTIONS AND 6550 04:41:09,000 --> 04:41:10,960 INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES. 6551 04:41:10,960 --> 04:41:12,720 IMPORTANTLY INTERVENTIONS 6552 04:41:12,720 --> 04:41:14,520 TARGETING STRUCTURAL FACTORS ARE 6553 04:41:14,520 --> 04:41:16,080 GENERALLY DISEASE AGNOSTIC AND 6554 04:41:16,080 --> 04:41:18,600 WILL BE ABLE TO BENEFIT MULTIPLE 6555 04:41:18,600 --> 04:41:20,200 HEALTH OUTCOMES. 6556 04:41:20,200 --> 04:41:22,640 PANELISTS SHARED ALSO THE IDEA 6557 04:41:22,640 --> 04:41:24,960 THAT GEROSCIENCE IS IN A GOOD 6558 04:41:24,960 --> 04:41:26,720 POSITION TO BREAK DOWN 6559 04:41:26,720 --> 04:41:27,960 SCIENTIFIC SILOS ADDRESSING 6560 04:41:27,960 --> 04:41:29,640 HEALTH DISPARITIES AND HELPING 6561 04:41:29,640 --> 04:41:31,760 THIS PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS IN 6562 04:41:31,760 --> 04:41:33,000 COMMUNITY TRUST AND ENGAGEMENT 6563 04:41:33,000 --> 04:41:35,560 ARE STRONGLY NEEDED INCREASED 6564 04:41:35,560 --> 04:41:38,440 TRUST AND ENGAGEMENT APPROVE 6565 04:41:38,440 --> 04:41:40,400 DIVERSITY IN STUDYING COHORTS 6566 04:41:40,400 --> 04:41:42,680 AND MAKING SURE NEXT GENERATION 6567 04:41:42,680 --> 04:41:44,400 OF SCIENTISTS IS TRAIN TODAY BE 6568 04:41:44,400 --> 04:41:46,880 AWARE OF INCORPORATING HEALTH 6569 04:41:46,880 --> 04:41:49,560 DISPARITIES INTO ALL RESEARCH 6570 04:41:49,560 --> 04:41:50,800 RESULTING AND IMPROVING 6571 04:41:50,800 --> 04:41:53,480 KNOWLEDGE AND AGING ACROSS THE 6572 04:41:53,480 --> 04:41:57,160 LIFESPAN FOR ALL POPULATIONS. 6573 04:41:57,160 --> 04:41:59,720 THANK YOU. 6574 04:41:59,720 --> 04:42:10,200 >>>>I WILL NOW HEAR FROM 6575 04:42:16,960 --> 04:42:19,480 [INDISCERNIBLE] KNIGHT ON 6576 04:42:19,480 --> 04:42:22,160 SESSION 2. 6577 04:42:22,160 --> 04:42:26,320 WE ARE MOVING STRAIGHT TO 6578 04:42:26,320 --> 04:42:31,560 SESSION 3 WITH [INDISCERNIBLE]. 6579 04:42:31,560 --> 04:42:37,880 RIGHT. WILL BE DOING THIS BY 6580 04:42:37,880 --> 04:42:38,600 ZOOM. 6581 04:42:38,600 --> 04:42:48,880 SOMEBODY ELSE? 6582 04:43:06,320 --> 04:43:10,600 >>TODAY I WILL PRESENT ON ZERO 6583 04:43:10,600 --> 04:43:12,080 SCIENCE SUMMIT SESSIONS AND A 6584 04:43:12,080 --> 04:43:17,160 FEW KEYPOINTS DURING THE TALK ON 6585 04:43:17,160 --> 04:43:20,760 MONDAY. 6586 04:43:20,760 --> 04:43:24,960 PRIMARILY MOTIVATED WITH POE 10 6587 04:43:24,960 --> 04:43:26,720 INFORMING RESEARCH FROM PROCESS 6588 04:43:26,720 --> 04:43:29,520 OF CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL 6589 04:43:29,520 --> 04:43:31,520 STANDPOINT AND FIRST TALK 6590 04:43:31,520 --> 04:43:34,600 FEATURED SEINE 10ARIANS AND SHE 6591 04:43:34,600 --> 04:43:37,760 STATED IN THE BROAD SPECTRUM OF 6592 04:43:37,760 --> 04:43:39,920 GERONTOLOGY TWO GOALS STAND OUT 6593 04:43:39,920 --> 04:43:41,840 REDUCING PERIOD THAT MORBIDITIES 6594 04:43:41,840 --> 04:43:46,240 BEGIN TO OCCUR AND INCREASING 6595 04:43:46,240 --> 04:43:49,320 LIFESPAN AND MAKING INTRIGUING 6596 04:43:49,320 --> 04:43:51,440 AND HEALTHY AGING AND LONGEVITY 6597 04:43:51,440 --> 04:43:54,040 AND SEINE 10ARIANS AND OFFSPRING 6598 04:43:54,040 --> 04:43:57,560 LIVE IN POPULATION REGARDLESS OF 6599 04:43:57,560 --> 04:43:59,680 ENVIRONMENT -- SIGNAL PATHWAY 6600 04:43:59,680 --> 04:44:02,560 THAT DISPLAYED INCREASED 6601 04:44:02,560 --> 04:44:03,640 LONGEVITY AND RECENT FINDINGS 6602 04:44:03,640 --> 04:44:06,720 THIS FAMILY STUDY WAS CREATED AS 6603 04:44:06,720 --> 04:44:10,560 A RESEARCH TO FURTHER ZERO 6604 04:44:10,560 --> 04:44:11,880 SCIENCE RESEARCH AND COHORT OF 6605 04:44:11,880 --> 04:44:14,760 SEINE 10ARIANS FOR FOUNDATION OF 6606 04:44:14,760 --> 04:44:17,760 THE DATABASE AND MOVING TO 6607 04:44:17,760 --> 04:44:19,600 MICHAEL WHOSE TALK FOCUSED ON 6608 04:44:19,600 --> 04:44:22,400 POPULATION THAT WAS INDIGENOUS 6609 04:44:22,400 --> 04:44:26,280 HUNTER GANLRERS AND REMOVED FROM 6610 04:44:26,280 --> 04:44:27,440 INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS 6611 04:44:27,440 --> 04:44:29,720 PRACTICING CULTURE LONGER LIVES 6612 04:44:29,720 --> 04:44:31,720 AND SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCING 6613 04:44:31,720 --> 04:44:32,920 CHRONIC DISEASES TO BOTH 6614 04:44:32,920 --> 04:44:34,880 INDIGENOUS AND NORMAL 6615 04:44:34,880 --> 04:44:36,880 POPULATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL 6616 04:44:36,880 --> 04:44:38,360 ENVIRONMENTS FOR EXAMPLE THOSE 6617 04:44:38,360 --> 04:44:41,160 WHOM ARE INDIGENOUS TO BOLIVIA 6618 04:44:41,160 --> 04:44:45,160 HAVE SEVERAL HEALTH ISSUES TO 6619 04:44:45,160 --> 04:44:48,720 HYPERTENSION AND CORONARY 6620 04:44:48,720 --> 04:44:49,400 ARTIERY [INDISCERNIBLE] HIGH 6621 04:44:49,400 --> 04:44:54,680 CASH LOW FAT DIET AND ACTIVE 6622 04:44:54,680 --> 04:44:56,320 LIFESTYLE -- HELPING RESEARCHERS 6623 04:44:56,320 --> 04:44:57,960 TO UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS OF 6624 04:44:57,960 --> 04:45:03,880 AGING AND I WILL TRANSITION INTO 6625 04:45:03,880 --> 04:45:08,040 THE EFFECTIVE DISEASE PANEL OL 6626 04:45:08,040 --> 04:45:10,440 IMMINA EXPLAINED THAT 6627 04:45:10,440 --> 04:45:11,440 THERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS FOR 6628 04:45:11,440 --> 04:45:12,960 CANCER HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY 6629 04:45:12,960 --> 04:45:15,680 IMPROVED IN LAST FEW DECADES 6630 04:45:15,680 --> 04:45:17,800 CANCER PRESENTERS HAVE BEEN 6631 04:45:17,800 --> 04:45:21,720 PRESENTED WITH A NEW CHALLENGE 6632 04:45:21,720 --> 04:45:24,600 ACCELERATED AGING LEADING TO -- 6633 04:45:24,600 --> 04:45:26,600 DR. CRED RICK DESCRIBED CYCOF 6634 04:45:26,600 --> 04:45:31,840 BETWEEN AGING AND CANCER AND 6635 04:45:31,840 --> 04:45:35,680 CANCER SUBSEQUENTLY EFFECTS THE 6636 04:45:35,680 --> 04:45:37,120 AGING PROCESS AND SUSPECT TODAY 6637 04:45:37,120 --> 04:45:43,000 BE CAUSE OF THESE AND DR. CRED 6638 04:45:43,000 --> 04:45:46,680 DRIK SUGGESTS 1, 2, PUNCH -- 6639 04:45:46,680 --> 04:45:48,160 BIDIRECTIONAL APPROACH FROM LAB 6640 04:45:48,160 --> 04:45:52,080 TO HOSPITAL AND BACK ADDING JER 6641 04:45:52,080 --> 04:45:55,720 ON TOLL ONL CAL LENS FOR FUTURE 6642 04:45:55,720 --> 04:45:57,760 ONCOLOGY RESEARCH AND NEXT 6643 04:45:57,760 --> 04:46:00,280 CONTINUUM WITH THE DISEASE 6644 04:46:00,280 --> 04:46:02,560 PANELOLOGY FOCUS WE HAVE DR. 6645 04:46:02,560 --> 04:46:04,920 CHRISTINE'S EFFECTS AND SIMILAR 6646 04:46:04,920 --> 04:46:06,920 TO CANCER SURVIVORS CARRIERS ARE 6647 04:46:06,920 --> 04:46:11,680 LIVING LONGER ACCRUING MORE 6648 04:46:11,680 --> 04:46:13,640 MORBIDITIES ACCRUING -- ONE 6649 04:46:13,640 --> 04:46:16,600 STUDY NOTED THAT HIV HAS LOWER 6650 04:46:16,600 --> 04:46:19,520 BONE MARROW DENSITY THAN 6651 04:46:19,520 --> 04:46:22,480 COMPARISONS HELPING CONTROLS AND 6652 04:46:22,480 --> 04:46:23,720 INTERVENTIONS LIKE THERAPY FOR 6653 04:46:23,720 --> 04:46:25,560 EXAMPLE COULD BE IN FUTURE TO 6654 04:46:25,560 --> 04:46:27,480 SIGNIFICANT IMPROVING HEALTH 6655 04:46:27,480 --> 04:46:31,200 OUTLOOKS OF HIV CARRIERS AND 6656 04:46:31,200 --> 04:46:33,760 MULTI-FACETED APPROACH THAT IS 6657 04:46:33,760 --> 04:46:35,680 DESCRIBED FOR FUTURE TREATMENT 6658 04:46:35,680 --> 04:46:37,680 AND FINALLY LAST SESSION FOCUSED 6659 04:46:37,680 --> 04:46:41,840 TAKING A DIVE INTO IC SURVIVORS 6660 04:46:41,840 --> 04:46:43,680 AND CONTINUES THEME OF POST 6661 04:46:43,680 --> 04:46:46,280 TREATMENT ISSUES ICU SURVIVAL 6662 04:46:46,280 --> 04:46:48,280 RATES ARE AT ALL-TIME HIGH 6663 04:46:48,280 --> 04:46:51,160 COMING WITH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED 6664 04:46:51,160 --> 04:46:53,280 WITH ACCELERATED HAZING AND 6665 04:46:53,280 --> 04:46:54,800 STUDIES CONFIRM THESE CLINICAL 6666 04:46:54,800 --> 04:46:56,360 AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND 6667 04:46:56,360 --> 04:46:59,760 FOR IC SURVIVORS COHORTS OF 6668 04:46:59,760 --> 04:47:02,520 VARYING AGE GROUPS HAVE SCORES 6669 04:47:02,520 --> 04:47:08,520 FOR LOW TO MEDIUM AVERAGE OF LOW 6670 04:47:08,520 --> 04:47:11,160 POBLATION AND STUDY HAS SHOWN 6671 04:47:11,160 --> 04:47:14,840 THAT WAS DONE ON SURVIVORS 6672 04:47:14,840 --> 04:47:16,480 DISPLAYED [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT 6673 04:47:16,480 --> 04:47:17,880 SIGNIFICANTLY SPIKES INFECTION 6674 04:47:17,880 --> 04:47:19,400 REMAINING AT LEVELS A YEAR INTO 6675 04:47:19,400 --> 04:47:21,920 THE FUTURE DUE TO INABILITY TO 6676 04:47:21,920 --> 04:47:25,160 EXERCISE CONSISTENTLY IC 6677 04:47:25,160 --> 04:47:29,840 SURVIVORS DEVELOP MITOCHONDRIAL 6678 04:47:29,840 --> 04:47:31,760 INTERVENTION AND TALKS 6679 04:47:31,760 --> 04:47:33,760 GEROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE IN 6680 04:47:33,760 --> 04:47:38,240 FUTURE RESEARCH AND FUTURE OF 6681 04:47:38,240 --> 04:47:39,640 GERONTOLOGY RESEARCH SHOULD 6682 04:47:39,640 --> 04:47:41,400 EMPHASIZE -- FINDINGS FROM 6683 04:47:41,400 --> 04:47:43,440 SESSION 2 DISPLAYING 6684 04:47:43,440 --> 04:47:45,640 CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN 6685 04:47:45,640 --> 04:47:47,680 POPULATIONS SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER 6686 04:47:47,680 --> 04:47:50,520 HEALTH OUTLOOKS AND HOW PIVOTAL 6687 04:47:50,520 --> 04:47:53,080 PATIENT SPECIFIC CARE IS IN THE 6688 04:47:53,080 --> 04:47:56,320 FUTURE AND LOVED COMMENT MADE 6689 04:47:56,320 --> 04:48:01,520 WHERE DR. VOOE JAY MADE A 6690 04:48:01,520 --> 04:48:03,520 STATEMENT -- TIGHT-KNIT 6691 04:48:03,520 --> 04:48:05,760 COMMUNITIES AND STATED PATIENTS 6692 04:48:05,760 --> 04:48:09,000 ARE SMARTER THAN WE REALIZE AND 6693 04:48:09,000 --> 04:48:10,280 SPREADING THIS PRESENTING ONE OF 6694 04:48:10,280 --> 04:48:15,280 MANY HEALTH ISSUES WE DO TODAY 6695 04:48:15,280 --> 04:48:16,880 AND INCLUDES SUMMARY AND THANKS 6696 04:48:16,880 --> 04:48:23,080 FOR ATTENDING THIS GEROSCIENCE 6697 04:48:23,080 --> 04:48:29,280 SUMMIT. 6698 04:48:29,280 --> 04:48:35,440 >>IF I ELEVATED YOUR 6699 04:48:35,440 --> 04:48:45,720 [INDISCERN 6700 04:48:57,160 --> 04:48:57,480 [INDISCERNIBLE]. 6701 04:48:57,480 --> 04:49:00,400 >>I'M HERE TO SUMMARIZE SESSION 6702 04:49:00,400 --> 04:49:04,240 3 THAT DEALT WITH 6703 04:49:04,240 --> 04:49:07,920 MULTI-MORBIDITIES AND GERIATRIC 6704 04:49:07,920 --> 04:49:10,240 SYMPTOM WITH NATIONAL INSTITUTE 6705 04:49:10,240 --> 04:49:18,560 OF AGING AND STARTED THIS 6706 04:49:18,560 --> 04:49:21,440 SESSION AND FOCUSED ON SLOWING 6707 04:49:21,440 --> 04:49:23,680 DOWN AGING AND PRESENTED A CASE 6708 04:49:23,680 --> 04:49:26,360 FOR MITOCHONDRIA. HE MADE A 6709 04:49:26,360 --> 04:49:29,880 POINT THAT DISEASES THAT 6710 04:49:29,880 --> 04:49:33,760 TYPICALLY EFFECT OLDER PERSONS 6711 04:49:33,760 --> 04:49:39,520 WITH MULTI-MORBIDITY AND 6712 04:49:39,520 --> 04:49:44,920 DISABILITY AND MORTALITY THIS 6713 04:49:44,920 --> 04:49:47,680 KIND OF DECLINING AND PRESENTED 6714 04:49:47,680 --> 04:49:50,120 THIS ALTERNATIVE TO ECONCRIME 6715 04:49:50,120 --> 04:49:53,800 HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 6716 04:49:53,800 --> 04:49:57,320 WITH PACE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING 6717 04:49:57,320 --> 04:50:01,520 AND FEELS DELAYING ONSETS OF 6718 04:50:01,520 --> 04:50:03,360 DISABILITY AT TIME DISEASES HAVE 6719 04:50:03,360 --> 04:50:05,600 NOT REACHED CLINICAL THRESHOLD 6720 04:50:05,600 --> 04:50:09,040 WE CAN CORRESPOND PERIOD OF LIFE 6721 04:50:09,040 --> 04:50:11,680 THAT PEOPLE CAN LIVE DISEASE 6722 04:50:11,680 --> 04:50:15,120 FREE AND PRESENTED EVIDENCE FOR 6723 04:50:15,120 --> 04:50:18,240 MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTION AND HOW IT 6724 04:50:18,240 --> 04:50:22,120 EFFECTS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 6725 04:50:22,120 --> 04:50:25,200 THAT ARE CASE OF AGING AND 6726 04:50:25,200 --> 04:50:27,200 MOVING FROM THERE DR. ALLAN 6727 04:50:27,200 --> 04:50:31,720 PRESENTED ON NON-HUMAN PRIMATES 6728 04:50:31,720 --> 04:50:35,000 PROVIDING UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES 6729 04:50:35,000 --> 04:50:36,040 STUDYING MORBIDITIES AND THAT 6730 04:50:36,040 --> 04:50:39,680 TALK HIGHLIGHTED NON-HUMAN 6731 04:50:39,680 --> 04:50:42,800 PRIMATES HAVE BEEN MODELS FOR 6732 04:50:42,800 --> 04:50:45,320 STUDYING GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND 6733 04:50:45,320 --> 04:50:47,400 MULTIPLE MORBIDITIES AND DEVELOP 6734 04:50:47,400 --> 04:50:52,560 MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS THAT 6735 04:50:52,560 --> 04:50:55,680 RESEMBLE WHAT HAPPENS IN HUMANS 6736 04:50:55,680 --> 04:50:59,680 AND PRESENTING STUDIES FOCUSED 6737 04:50:59,680 --> 04:51:01,960 ON EXPOSURE TO LIFE STRESSES AND 6738 04:51:01,960 --> 04:51:06,120 IN HER CASE PRESENTED BODY 6739 04:51:06,120 --> 04:51:16,320 RADIAT 6740 04:51:20,280 --> 04:51:21,440 RADIATION. 6741 04:51:21,440 --> 04:51:23,720 RESOURCE SUGGESTED BASIS OF 6742 04:51:23,720 --> 04:51:25,840 AGING RELATED TO MORBIDITIES ARE 6743 04:51:25,840 --> 04:51:27,720 COMPLEX AND INVOLVED IBT PLAY 6744 04:51:27,720 --> 04:51:31,560 BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND GENETIC 6745 04:51:31,560 --> 04:51:33,680 AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND 6746 04:51:33,680 --> 04:51:38,440 NON-HUMAN PRIMATES ARE UNIQUELY 6747 04:51:38,440 --> 04:51:42,880 POSITIONED TO BE SUITED FOR 6748 04:51:42,880 --> 04:51:45,160 PROBING THESE CONDITIONS AND 6749 04:51:45,160 --> 04:51:50,480 MOVING AT THAT TALK, DR. NATASHA 6750 04:51:50,480 --> 04:51:54,320 PRESENTED DOGS AS VALUABLE 6751 04:51:54,320 --> 04:51:56,760 MODELS FOR AGING RESEARCH AND 6752 04:51:56,760 --> 04:52:00,640 MADE SAME POINT THAT DOGS AND 6753 04:52:00,640 --> 04:52:02,920 HUMANS SHARE AGE RELATED 6754 04:52:02,920 --> 04:52:05,200 COMORBIDITIES AND MAKES VALUABLE 6755 04:52:05,200 --> 04:52:07,520 TRANSLATIONAL MODELS FOR AGING 6756 04:52:07,520 --> 04:52:09,240 RESEARCH AND PRESENTED FRAMEWORK 6757 04:52:09,240 --> 04:52:15,680 FOR K-9 GERIATRIC SYNDROME AND 6758 04:52:15,680 --> 04:52:17,600 ALSO PRESENTED FRAMEWORK THAT 6759 04:52:17,600 --> 04:52:20,320 INCLUDED LOOKING AT BEHAVIORAL 6760 04:52:20,320 --> 04:52:22,400 CHANGES AND ALSO METABOLIC 6761 04:52:22,400 --> 04:52:25,240 ALTERATIONS AND AGE ASSOCIATED 6762 04:52:25,240 --> 04:52:26,680 CLINICAL DISEASE AND HOW CHANGES 6763 04:52:26,680 --> 04:52:30,120 COULD PREDICT MORBIDITY AND 6764 04:52:30,120 --> 04:52:32,160 MORTALITY. 6765 04:52:32,160 --> 04:52:35,240 AND SHE PRESENTED CASE THAT 6766 04:52:35,240 --> 04:52:38,040 RESEARCH ON THESE FRONTS ARE 6767 04:52:38,040 --> 04:52:38,840 PROCEEDING RAPIDLY AND STILL 6768 04:52:38,840 --> 04:52:40,000 THERE ARE GAPS IN THE KNOWLEDGE 6769 04:52:40,000 --> 04:52:42,280 THAT ARE PARTICULARLY AROUND 6770 04:52:42,280 --> 04:52:44,920 RESILIENCE AND FRAILTY AND 6771 04:52:44,920 --> 04:52:46,920 CAREGIVER BURDEN AND RESEARCH 6772 04:52:46,920 --> 04:52:48,960 GOING FORWARD IN THIS DIRECTION 6773 04:52:48,960 --> 04:52:50,680 SHOULD START TO LOOK AT THOSE 6774 04:52:50,680 --> 04:52:54,400 AREAS IF YOU WANT TO FILL IN THE 6775 04:52:54,400 --> 04:52:54,840 GAPS. 6776 04:52:54,840 --> 04:52:58,640 AND FINALLY, DR. CAROLINE TALKED 6777 04:52:58,640 --> 04:53:03,360 ABOUT HOW WE CAN DEVELOP ACROSS 6778 04:53:03,360 --> 04:53:05,160 SPECIES FRAMEWORK TO TRANSLATE 6779 04:53:05,160 --> 04:53:09,320 INSIDE GAIN FROM ANIMAL MODELS 6780 04:53:09,320 --> 04:53:10,400 INTO THE CLINIC AND 6781 04:53:10,400 --> 04:53:14,400 [INDISCERNIBLE] POINTS MADE BY 6782 04:53:14,400 --> 04:53:19,720 DR. ALLAN AND DR. NATASHA 6783 04:53:19,720 --> 04:53:23,680 SHOWING SPECIES [INDISCERNIBLE] 6784 04:53:23,680 --> 04:53:26,080 CAN PROVIDE DEVELOPING INSIGHTS 6785 04:53:26,080 --> 04:53:28,640 INTO AGING BIOLOGY USED TO 6786 04:53:28,640 --> 04:53:30,280 EXPAND HEALTH SPAN AND ALSO MADE 6787 04:53:30,280 --> 04:53:34,440 A PO INT THAT TRANSLATES ALL OF 6788 04:53:34,440 --> 04:53:36,200 THE FUNDAMENTAL DISCOVERIES MADE 6789 04:53:36,200 --> 04:53:38,720 IN ANIMAL MODELS TO THE CLINIC 6790 04:53:38,720 --> 04:53:41,240 THAT IS IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP A 6791 04:53:41,240 --> 04:53:45,240 SHARED VOCABULARY OF MEASURED 6792 04:53:45,240 --> 04:53:49,320 COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SPAN AND 6793 04:53:49,320 --> 04:53:50,800 IDENTIFY PRODUCEABLE MECHANISTIC 6794 04:53:50,800 --> 04:53:52,640 RELATIONSHIPS THAT TRANSLATE 6795 04:53:52,640 --> 04:53:55,320 ACROSS SPECIES AND NEED TO 6796 04:53:55,320 --> 04:53:57,800 VALIDATE AND DEVELOP VALIDATED 6797 04:53:57,800 --> 04:54:00,560 BIOMARKERS PERMITTING 6798 04:54:00,560 --> 04:54:03,120 LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENTS IN 6799 04:54:03,120 --> 04:54:03,560 VIVO. 6800 04:54:03,560 --> 04:54:06,520 SO, IN CONCLUDING WHERE WE GO 6801 04:54:06,520 --> 04:54:09,600 FROM HERE. 6802 04:54:09,600 --> 04:54:12,680 SO, FROM GETTING FROM LUIGI'S 6803 04:54:12,680 --> 04:54:15,800 TALK ABOUT THE NEED TO SLOW DOWN 6804 04:54:15,800 --> 04:54:23,000 AGING AND CASE FOR MITOCHONDRIA. 6805 04:54:23,000 --> 04:54:25,960 DR. ALLAN AND NATASHA CAME ALONG 6806 04:54:25,960 --> 04:54:30,120 TO SHOW ANIMAL MODELS NON-HUMAN 6807 04:54:30,120 --> 04:54:35,680 PRIMATES AND GERIATRIC DOGS ARE 6808 04:54:35,680 --> 04:54:38,720 HAVING SOME VALUABLE 6809 04:54:38,720 --> 04:54:41,760 TRANSLATIONAL MODELS WITH AGE 6810 04:54:41,760 --> 04:54:43,360 RELATED COMORBIDITIES WITH 6811 04:54:43,360 --> 04:54:45,200 HUMANS THEY SHARE AND RESEARCH 6812 04:54:45,200 --> 04:54:47,800 HAS POSITIVE MOMENTUMS THAT WILL 6813 04:54:47,800 --> 04:54:48,960 ENSURE [INDISCERNIBLE] IN FIELD 6814 04:54:48,960 --> 04:54:53,680 OF GEROSCIENCE THAT IS 6815 04:54:53,680 --> 04:54:54,360 PREVENTING DEBILITATING EFFECT 6816 04:54:54,360 --> 04:54:57,920 OF AGING AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM 6817 04:54:57,920 --> 04:55:00,240 HERE? MOMENTUM SHOULD BE 6818 04:55:00,240 --> 04:55:03,520 MAINTAINED ON GEROSCIENCE 6819 04:55:03,520 --> 04:55:05,280 MULTIMOBILITIES AND GERIATRIC 6820 04:55:05,280 --> 04:55:07,160 SYNDROMES AND RESOURCES TO 6821 04:55:07,160 --> 04:55:08,440 CONTINUE TO EXPAND ON USE OF 6822 04:55:08,440 --> 04:55:11,400 THESE ANIMAL MODELS AND OTHERS 6823 04:55:11,400 --> 04:55:13,480 IN GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH THAT IS 6824 04:55:13,480 --> 04:55:17,920 ON MULTI-MORBIDITIES AND 6825 04:55:17,920 --> 04:55:19,120 GERIATRIC SYNDROME AND 6826 04:55:19,120 --> 04:55:22,400 HIGHLIGHTED BY DR. CAROLINE, WE 6827 04:55:22,400 --> 04:55:26,400 HAVE TO DEVELOP ACROSS SPECIES 6828 04:55:26,400 --> 04:55:27,800 FRAMEWORK THAT IS LINKING ALL 6829 04:55:27,800 --> 04:55:30,640 THESE ANIMAL MODELS AND SPECIES 6830 04:55:30,640 --> 04:55:32,440 TO TRANSLATE INSIGHTS GAINED 6831 04:55:32,440 --> 04:55:34,680 FROM THESE ANIMAL MODELS INTO 6832 04:55:34,680 --> 04:55:37,680 THE CLINIC. 6833 04:55:37,680 --> 04:55:41,160 THANK YOU. 6834 04:55:41,160 --> 04:55:54,960 >>NEXT, WE WILL HEAR ON SESSION 6835 04:55:54,960 --> 04:56:01,440 4 FROM MICHAEL DUGAN. 6836 04:56:01,440 --> 04:56:03,560 THANKS FOR HAVING ME HERE. I'M 6837 04:56:03,560 --> 04:56:06,840 A CHEMIST BY TRAINING AND 6838 04:56:06,840 --> 04:56:08,840 PHYSICIST BY HEART AND DON'T 6839 04:56:08,840 --> 04:56:09,960 KNOW MUCH ABOUT THIS. 6840 04:56:09,960 --> 04:56:12,240 I WOULD LOVE TO GIVE YOU MY 6841 04:56:12,240 --> 04:56:14,360 UNDERSTANDING HOW TO MODEL USING 6842 04:56:14,360 --> 04:56:18,680 MODELING OF AGING HEALTH IN 6843 04:56:18,680 --> 04:56:20,160 GEROSCIENCE AND STARTING SESSION 6844 04:56:20,160 --> 04:56:23,520 WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO SHOWED 6845 04:56:23,520 --> 04:56:25,920 A VERY NICE EXAMPLE OF 6846 04:56:25,920 --> 04:56:27,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] FRACTION OF SITE 6847 04:56:27,760 --> 04:56:31,440 AND WE CAN IDENTIFY LINEAR 6848 04:56:31,440 --> 04:56:32,160 ASSOCIATION WITH AGE AND 6849 04:56:32,160 --> 04:56:35,560 EVERYBODY HERE KNOWS THIS IS 6850 04:56:35,560 --> 04:56:36,680 WHAT PEOPLE NOW CALL 6851 04:56:36,680 --> 04:56:38,800 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND ON THE RIGHT 6852 04:56:38,800 --> 04:56:42,080 YOU CAN SEE DEVELOP ELASTIC 6853 04:56:42,080 --> 04:56:45,080 MODEL THAT IS RIG ORRIZED 6854 04:56:45,080 --> 04:56:47,480 VERSION OF REGRESSION AND ABLE 6855 04:56:47,480 --> 04:56:50,160 TO CORRECTLY PREDICT AGES AB 6856 04:56:50,160 --> 04:56:51,920 KRAETLY AND DOWN THE RIGHT YOU 6857 04:56:51,920 --> 04:56:56,200 SEE FIGURE THAT FEMALE AND MALE 6858 04:56:56,200 --> 04:57:00,800 HAVE DISTINGUISHED RATE OF 6859 04:57:00,800 --> 04:57:03,600 AGING. 6860 04:57:03,600 --> 04:57:05,000 SAYING INTERESTING AND MAJOR IT 6861 04:57:05,000 --> 04:57:06,600 AND THEN THEY ARE DOING 6862 04:57:06,600 --> 04:57:08,200 SOMETHING MORE INTERESTING AND 6863 04:57:08,200 --> 04:57:10,240 REALLY LOVE THAT. LET'S THINK 6864 04:57:10,240 --> 04:57:12,840 ABOUT WHY NOT TRY THIS ON DOGS 6865 04:57:12,840 --> 04:57:16,200 AND FOUND THAT THEY CAN ALSO 6866 04:57:16,200 --> 04:57:19,960 MAJOR IMAGINE ENNATION IN DOGS 6867 04:57:19,960 --> 04:57:21,320 AND TRANSLATING THAT AGE TO 6868 04:57:21,320 --> 04:57:25,600 HUMAN AGE IT IS NOT IN THERE BUT 6869 04:57:25,600 --> 04:57:27,280 RATHER LOGARITHM MIC THAT IS 6870 04:57:27,280 --> 04:57:29,200 INTERESTING POINT THAT FITS INTO 6871 04:57:29,200 --> 04:57:31,160 SITUATION AND WE KNOW THAT 6872 04:57:31,160 --> 04:57:35,600 DOGGY, YOU KNOW, AGES FASTER. 6873 04:57:35,600 --> 04:57:38,680 THEY FIND ALSO THIS EPIGENETIC 6874 04:57:38,680 --> 04:57:42,320 CLOCK IS CONSERVED ACROSS 6875 04:57:42,320 --> 04:57:45,680 SPECIES AND MEANS MULTIPLE SIDES 6876 04:57:45,680 --> 04:57:48,560 THAT IMAGINATION SHOWS FAST 6877 04:57:48,560 --> 04:57:50,960 AGING ACROSS SPECIES AND ON 6878 04:57:50,960 --> 04:57:53,720 RIGHT IS IMPLICATION HOW THEY 6879 04:57:53,720 --> 04:57:55,640 USE STUDY IF TREATMENT ACTUALLY 6880 04:57:55,640 --> 04:57:57,960 SLOWED DOWN AGING AND THIS IS 6881 04:57:57,960 --> 04:57:59,720 RESTRICTION SHOWING BY 6882 04:57:59,720 --> 04:58:01,880 [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT IS SLOWED 6883 04:58:01,880 --> 04:58:02,920 DOWN FOR AGING. 6884 04:58:02,920 --> 04:58:04,880 THIS GOT ME THINKING THIS IS A 6885 04:58:04,880 --> 04:58:07,920 GREAT EXAMPLE PROCESS OF 6886 04:58:07,920 --> 04:58:09,840 MODELING AGING AND THIS IS FOUND 6887 04:58:09,840 --> 04:58:11,920 BY DR. [INDISCERNIBLE]'S SLIDES 6888 04:58:11,920 --> 04:58:14,080 FOR PANEL DISCUSSION AND YOU CAN 6889 04:58:14,080 --> 04:58:16,080 SAY YOU MAJORED SOMETHING THAT 6890 04:58:16,080 --> 04:58:18,240 IS INPUT AND MODEL AND MACHINE 6891 04:58:18,240 --> 04:58:20,200 LEARNING IS FANCY THING AND THEY 6892 04:58:20,200 --> 04:58:23,200 EVALUATE MODEL IT SEE WHAT WE 6893 04:58:23,200 --> 04:58:25,080 CAN GAIN FROM IT. 6894 04:58:25,080 --> 04:58:28,200 AS A PHYSICIST BY HEART, I FEEL 6895 04:58:28,200 --> 04:58:30,680 THIS DOESN'T REALLY REVEAL HOW 6896 04:58:30,680 --> 04:58:32,560 THESE SCIENCES ARE. I DEVELOPED 6897 04:58:32,560 --> 04:58:36,000 THIS SORT OF FIGURE THAT FROM MY 6898 04:58:36,000 --> 04:58:40,080 UNDERSTANDING HOW AGING AND 6899 04:58:40,080 --> 04:58:41,760 DEMENTIA STARTING FROM HERE AND, 6900 04:58:41,760 --> 04:58:45,760 YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE AGENT 6901 04:58:45,760 --> 04:58:49,720 DISEASES AND YOU MAJOR IN OMICS 6902 04:58:49,720 --> 04:58:51,600 WHICH I HAVE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AND 6903 04:58:51,600 --> 04:58:54,280 DIFFERENT EXPOSURE TO LIFESTYLE 6904 04:58:54,280 --> 04:58:55,800 ENVIRONMENT AND YOU HAVE 6905 04:58:55,800 --> 04:58:57,280 DEVELOPED DIFFERENT ABOUT I--O 6906 04:58:57,280 --> 04:58:59,480 MARKERS AND MEASURE SOMETHING 6907 04:58:59,480 --> 04:59:01,560 YOU CAN MEASURE METHYLATION AND 6908 04:59:01,560 --> 04:59:03,320 LIFESPAN AND COGNITION THAT IS 6909 04:59:03,320 --> 04:59:07,640 SPEAKING AS AN ENGINEER 6910 04:59:07,640 --> 04:59:09,520 PERSPECTIVE THAT IS HOW YOU 6911 04:59:09,520 --> 04:59:11,160 GENERATE DATA AND ONCE DO YOU 6912 04:59:11,160 --> 04:59:13,160 THAT YOU FIGURE OUT WAY TO HAVE 6913 04:59:13,160 --> 04:59:14,640 DATA BACK TO [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 6914 04:59:14,640 --> 04:59:16,680 HOW WE UNDERSTAND AGE AND 6915 04:59:16,680 --> 04:59:18,560 DEMENTIA AND GO TO RIGHT SIDE 6916 04:59:18,560 --> 04:59:21,120 THAT ONCE YOU COLLECT THAT IS 6917 04:59:21,120 --> 04:59:22,640 CROSS-SECTIONAL OR LONGITUDINAL 6918 04:59:22,640 --> 04:59:24,240 DATA AND YOU DO CORRELATION AND 6919 04:59:24,240 --> 04:59:27,760 DEVELOP BIOMARKERS THAT CANNOT 6920 04:59:27,760 --> 04:59:29,680 BE. THIS BIOMARKER YOU 6921 04:59:29,680 --> 04:59:31,520 UNDERSTAND THAT IF IT IS PURE 6922 04:59:31,520 --> 04:59:33,280 CAUSAL OR CORRELATION THAT YOU 6923 04:59:33,280 --> 04:59:35,120 DEVELOP OTHER MODEL TO GO BACK 6924 04:59:35,120 --> 04:59:37,080 AND UP AND ESSENTIALLY YOU WANT 6925 04:59:37,080 --> 04:59:38,400 TO USE ALL OF THE INFORMATION 6926 04:59:38,400 --> 04:59:42,360 YOU HAVE TO DIFFERENTIAL AGING 6927 04:59:42,360 --> 04:59:45,360 AND DISEASES AND THIS FITS 6928 04:59:45,360 --> 04:59:48,200 NICELY AS ENGINEER PERSPECTIVE 6929 04:59:48,200 --> 04:59:50,400 USING MATHEMATIC MODELING TO 6930 04:59:50,400 --> 04:59:53,520 AGING AND MOVE TO THE NEXT 6931 04:59:53,520 --> 04:59:54,560 SPEAKER OF THIS TO 6932 04:59:54,560 --> 04:59:55,840 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND THIS DIAGRAM 6933 04:59:55,840 --> 04:59:58,040 THERE IS INPUT PARAMETER OF 6934 04:59:58,040 --> 04:59:59,960 MODEL AGING THAT WE CAN SAY THAT 6935 04:59:59,960 --> 05:00:04,360 IS INPUT PARAMETER THERE IN MY 6936 05:00:04,360 --> 05:00:08,200 FIGURE AND THEY TALK ABOUT AGE 6937 05:00:08,200 --> 05:00:10,680 SENSITIVE PHONOTYPE AND HOW 6938 05:00:10,680 --> 05:00:14,040 LIFESPAN IS NOT SUFFICIENT WITH 6939 05:00:14,040 --> 05:00:15,520 AGING AND MORE REALISTIC MODEL 6940 05:00:15,520 --> 05:00:19,160 OF ASP THAT HAS A LOT OF 6941 05:00:19,160 --> 05:00:20,360 ASSOCIATED FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES 6942 05:00:20,360 --> 05:00:23,920 OTHER THAN JUST 1. 6943 05:00:23,920 --> 05:00:28,240 AND THEN THESE ARE DIFFERENCES 6944 05:00:28,240 --> 05:00:29,240 BETWEEN SYMPTOM ATTIC 6945 05:00:29,240 --> 05:00:29,880 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND POINTING OUT 6946 05:00:29,880 --> 05:00:32,120 THAT WE REALLY HAVE TO BE ABLE 6947 05:00:32,120 --> 05:00:35,080 TO SHOW THIS AGE DEPENDENT 6948 05:00:35,080 --> 05:00:37,600 CHANGES NEXT SP TO CLAIM THERE 6949 05:00:37,600 --> 05:00:40,200 IS EVIDENCE FOR THIS 6950 05:00:40,200 --> 05:00:43,720 INTERVENTION SLOWING DOWN AGING. 6951 05:00:43,720 --> 05:00:47,120 MORE THIS IS THE RESULT OF MICE 6952 05:00:47,120 --> 05:00:50,280 AND YOU CAN MAJOR IN THESE OVER 6953 05:00:50,280 --> 05:00:52,040 TIME. 6954 05:00:52,040 --> 05:00:55,080 SORRY THIS SORT OF MEASUREMENT 6955 05:00:55,080 --> 05:00:57,720 OVER LIFESPAN OF MICE YOU CAN 6956 05:00:57,720 --> 05:00:59,880 SEE THERE ARE MULTIPLE 6957 05:00:59,880 --> 05:01:01,600 BIO-MACERS THAT COULD DECLINE OR 6958 05:01:01,600 --> 05:01:03,760 INCREASE OR ALMOST STAY THE SAME 6959 05:01:03,760 --> 05:01:06,200 AND REALLY THEY BEHAVE 6960 05:01:06,200 --> 05:01:06,640 DIFFERENTLY. 6961 05:01:06,640 --> 05:01:09,840 THERE IS A STUDY OF THREE 6962 05:01:09,840 --> 05:01:11,440 DIFFERENT MUTATION AND ALSO 6963 05:01:11,440 --> 05:01:13,680 INTERVENTION OF MICE AND MICE 6964 05:01:13,680 --> 05:01:15,040 SHOWS THAT MOST TREATMENT 6965 05:01:15,040 --> 05:01:17,280 FACTORS ARE SIMILAR ACTUALLY IN 6966 05:01:17,280 --> 05:01:19,400 YOUNG MICE AND OLD MICE THAT 6967 05:01:19,400 --> 05:01:22,600 MEANS IT IS SYMPTOMATIC NOT 6968 05:01:22,600 --> 05:01:24,680 CASUAL AND INTERVENTION HAS 6969 05:01:24,680 --> 05:01:26,280 LIMITED EFFECT ON SLOW AGING 6970 05:01:26,280 --> 05:01:29,080 FROM THEIR STUDY AND WE MOVE TO 6971 05:01:29,080 --> 05:01:32,200 THIS EXCITING TALK ABOUT USING 6972 05:01:32,200 --> 05:01:36,000 MACHINE LEARNING TO AN AGING 6973 05:01:36,000 --> 05:01:38,880 CLOCK FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND 6974 05:01:38,880 --> 05:01:42,080 AGAIN PHASE 2 DIAGRAM MODEL AND 6975 05:01:42,080 --> 05:01:44,200 TALKING ABOUT HOW TO PLAN FORMS 6976 05:01:44,200 --> 05:01:48,720 AND FREE PLAN FORMS HERE THAT 6977 05:01:48,720 --> 05:01:51,160 THEY USE TO REALLY FIND AGE 6978 05:01:51,160 --> 05:01:52,760 PROTECTORS INTO PRACTICAL 6979 05:01:52,760 --> 05:01:55,760 THERAPIUTE CAL AID TARGET WITH 6980 05:01:55,760 --> 05:02:00,200 MUCH, MUCH MORE FACTOR TIMEFRAME 6981 05:02:00,200 --> 05:02:03,800 PARTICULARLY TALKING ABOUT PAN 6982 05:02:03,800 --> 05:02:05,160 DOMICS PLATFORM AND THERE IS 6983 05:02:05,160 --> 05:02:07,720 HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA ACROSS 6984 05:02:07,720 --> 05:02:11,040 DOMAINS AND OMICS DATA AND 6985 05:02:11,040 --> 05:02:12,840 COMBINED BIOLOGICAL GRANTS 6986 05:02:12,840 --> 05:02:14,000 PATTERNS CONNECTING TRIALS AND 6987 05:02:14,000 --> 05:02:15,880 USING THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO -- 6988 05:02:15,880 --> 05:02:19,160 ONE EXAMPLE, THEY WERE ABLE TO 6989 05:02:19,160 --> 05:02:23,480 IDENTIFY POTENTIAL TARGET USING 6990 05:02:23,480 --> 05:02:25,640 PANDOMICS AND LAST ONE IS 6991 05:02:25,640 --> 05:02:26,960 ORIGINATION TO MODEL AGING THAT 6992 05:02:26,960 --> 05:02:29,760 I DON'T KNOW WHERE TO FIT IT. 6993 05:02:29,760 --> 05:02:32,160 BUT, TURNS OUT IT IS JUST 6994 05:02:32,160 --> 05:02:34,320 DIFFERENT AND WHY? 6995 05:02:34,320 --> 05:02:39,200 BECAUSE THIS CONCEPT OF 6996 05:02:39,200 --> 05:02:41,000 EXCHANGING BLOOD IS SORT OF BY 6997 05:02:41,000 --> 05:02:43,080 NATURE IS NOT EXISTING NATURE. 6998 05:02:43,080 --> 05:02:46,000 IT IS A NEW WAY AND ENGINEERED 6999 05:02:46,000 --> 05:02:49,080 WAY OF STUDYING AGING PERMITTING 7000 05:02:49,080 --> 05:02:53,920 NEW WAY OF INTERVENTION. RIGHT? 7001 05:02:53,920 --> 05:02:58,920 SO, DR. COBALT FOUND THAT BLOT 7002 05:02:58,920 --> 05:03:04,720 OR ACTUALLY DILUSION IS 7003 05:03:04,720 --> 05:03:06,280 AGE-RELATED [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 7004 05:03:06,280 --> 05:03:08,880 FOUND BY DILUTING PLASMA THAT 7005 05:03:08,880 --> 05:03:12,400 THEY -- MICE SHOWED IMPROVED 7006 05:03:12,400 --> 05:03:15,400 COGNITION AND ALSO IN HUMAN 7007 05:03:15,400 --> 05:03:17,960 STUDY THAT DEFINED DILUTING 7008 05:03:17,960 --> 05:03:20,240 PLASMA AND SHOWED LOTS OF 7009 05:03:20,240 --> 05:03:22,200 POSITIVE INQUIRIES. 7010 05:03:22,200 --> 05:03:24,680 THAT IS THE SAME. THEY ALSO 7011 05:03:24,680 --> 05:03:27,960 SHOW WITH MORE TREATMENT THAT 7012 05:03:27,960 --> 05:03:31,480 YOU CAN SEE THOSE PATHWAYS 7013 05:03:31,480 --> 05:03:34,280 RELATED COULD ACTUALLY GRADUALLY 7014 05:03:34,280 --> 05:03:37,360 REJUVENATE WITH MORE AND MORE 7015 05:03:37,360 --> 05:03:38,880 TREATMENT TO YOUNGER STAGE AND 7016 05:03:38,880 --> 05:03:41,400 MY THINKING FOR THIS ENGINEER 7017 05:03:41,400 --> 05:03:45,160 PERSPECTIVE IS WHAT IS A FUTURE 7018 05:03:45,160 --> 05:03:50,440 OF THIS? WE HAVE LOTS OF 7019 05:03:50,440 --> 05:03:54,800 BIOLOGICAL MEANS TO COLLECT DATA 7020 05:03:54,800 --> 05:03:56,480 AND OBSERVE BIOLOGIC DISCOVERY 7021 05:03:56,480 --> 05:03:59,040 WE CAN DO AND DATA COLLECTION WE 7022 05:03:59,040 --> 05:04:01,720 CAN DO WE HAVE SO MANY 7023 05:04:01,720 --> 05:04:05,440 BIOMARKERS AND SENSE AND DATA 7024 05:04:05,440 --> 05:04:16,000 FUSION AND BORROW METHOD AND YOU 7025 05:04:18,160 --> 05:04:22,200 HAVE DEDUNTANT INFORMATION AND 7026 05:04:22,200 --> 05:04:25,160 IMAGE PROCESSING AND NEW 7027 05:04:25,160 --> 05:04:28,240 PATHWAYS AND THEORIES AND 7028 05:04:28,240 --> 05:04:30,400 EXCITED HOW THIS WILL GO IN THE 7029 05:04:30,400 --> 05:04:40,960 FUTURE AND THANKS FOR THE TIME. 7030 05:04:42,600 --> 05:04:45,920 >>WE WILL TAKE A STEP BACK FOR 7031 05:04:45,920 --> 05:04:48,640 SESSION 4. MICHAEL DUGAN IS 7032 05:04:48,640 --> 05:04:48,880 ONLINE. 7033 05:04:48,880 --> 05:04:49,800 >> CAN YOU HEAR ME? 7034 05:04:49,800 --> 05:04:52,240 >>WE CAN HEAR YOU. 7035 05:04:52,240 --> 05:04:53,480 >>OKAY. 7036 05:04:53,480 --> 05:04:55,440 >>SLIDES ARE COMING UP. 7037 05:04:55,440 --> 05:04:57,640 >>GOOD AFTERNOON I'M MICHAEL 7038 05:04:57,640 --> 05:05:01,000 AND WILL DISCUSS KEY TAKEAWAYS 7039 05:05:01,000 --> 05:05:06,040 FROM 4TH SUMMIT AND 4TH SESSION. 7040 05:05:06,040 --> 05:05:09,640 IN THIS SESSION WE HEARD FROM 7041 05:05:09,640 --> 05:05:12,600 DR. HOW LET WHO PRESENTED ON 7042 05:05:12,600 --> 05:05:14,480 INVESTIGATIONS TO FRAILTY INDEX 7043 05:05:14,480 --> 05:05:16,120 IN AGING MICE THAT HER LAB 7044 05:05:16,120 --> 05:05:19,600 DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED AND 7045 05:05:19,600 --> 05:05:22,600 FRAILTY INDEX REFLECTS FREQUENCY 7046 05:05:22,600 --> 05:05:25,360 -- BY MAXIMUM DEFICITS THAT 7047 05:05:25,360 --> 05:05:27,080 COULD BE OBSERVED AND 7048 05:05:27,080 --> 05:05:29,240 INTERVENTIONS COULD HELP REDUCE 7049 05:05:29,240 --> 05:05:30,640 INCREASING FRAILTY SCORES 7050 05:05:30,640 --> 05:05:34,360 OBSERVED IN MICE INCLUDING 7051 05:05:34,360 --> 05:05:38,400 EXERCISE AND POLYPHARMACY 7052 05:05:38,400 --> 05:05:40,640 DEPICTED ON THE RIGHT AND 7053 05:05:40,640 --> 05:05:42,320 PUBLICATION OF THESE COULD BE 7054 05:05:42,320 --> 05:05:45,040 DETECTED IN COMPLEMENTARY 7055 05:05:45,040 --> 05:05:47,880 MEASURES OF TISSUE DAMAGE AND 7056 05:05:47,880 --> 05:05:50,280 TISSUE REPAIR AND BLOOD AS 7057 05:05:50,280 --> 05:05:52,200 INDEPENDENT METRIC WENT ON TO 7058 05:05:52,200 --> 05:05:54,960 SHOW FRAILTY DEVELOPED IN MICE 7059 05:05:54,960 --> 05:05:56,200 TRANSLATES WELL TO HUMANS 7060 05:05:56,200 --> 05:05:58,480 SUGGESTING DYNAMIC WAY TO 7061 05:05:58,480 --> 05:06:00,920 FRAILTY SCORES RESPOND TO 7062 05:06:00,920 --> 05:06:02,400 DELETERIOUS AND BENEFICIAL 7063 05:06:02,400 --> 05:06:06,120 FACTORS MAKE IT PARTICULARLY 7064 05:06:06,120 --> 05:06:08,880 ATTRACTIVE AS METHOD TO TEST 7065 05:06:08,880 --> 05:06:11,960 GEOPROTECTIVE INTERVENTIONS AND 7066 05:06:11,960 --> 05:06:13,920 HEARD FROM DR. GILL FROM YALE 7067 05:06:13,920 --> 05:06:16,720 UNIVERSITY ON APPLICATION OF 7068 05:06:16,720 --> 05:06:18,680 PHYSICAL MOBILITY AND PHYSICAL 7069 05:06:18,680 --> 05:06:20,200 PERFORMANCE METRICS OF AGING AND 7070 05:06:20,200 --> 05:06:23,360 HE DISCUSSED PDF10, PHYSICAL 7071 05:06:23,360 --> 05:06:27,560 FUNCTION 10 THAT HE NOTED 7072 05:06:27,560 --> 05:06:28,200 UNFORTUNATELY CAN SUFFER FROM 7073 05:06:28,200 --> 05:06:29,960 SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS AND 7074 05:06:29,960 --> 05:06:31,800 DISCUSSED SEVERAL OTHER MEASURES 7075 05:06:31,800 --> 05:06:35,440 BETTER PREDICTING VARIATION AND 7076 05:06:35,440 --> 05:06:40,200 PHYSICAL VISIBILITY AND 7077 05:06:40,200 --> 05:06:41,480 HIGHLIGHTED WAS PROMISED 7078 05:06:41,480 --> 05:06:42,480 PHYSICAL FUNCTION ASSESSMENT YOU 7079 05:06:42,480 --> 05:06:44,880 SEE IN UPPER RIGHT THAT IS 7080 05:06:44,880 --> 05:06:47,640 EVALUATED IN FDA FUNDED GRANT TO 7081 05:06:47,640 --> 05:06:50,120 STUDY WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION 7082 05:06:50,120 --> 05:06:53,520 IN SARCOPENIA TRIALS AND 7083 05:06:53,520 --> 05:06:54,960 PERFORMANCE PLACING GREATER 7084 05:06:54,960 --> 05:06:58,320 EMPHASIS ON ASSESSING PHYSICAL 7085 05:06:58,320 --> 05:06:59,680 LIMITATIONS DR. GILL DISCUSSED 6 7086 05:06:59,680 --> 05:07:02,440 MINUTE 400 METER WALKING TASKS 7087 05:07:02,440 --> 05:07:05,880 AND SPENT TIME ON WIDELY USED 7088 05:07:05,880 --> 05:07:08,160 SHORT PERFORMANCE BATTERY 7089 05:07:08,160 --> 05:07:14,600 CONSISTING OF TIMED 4 METER WALK 7090 05:07:14,600 --> 05:07:19,080 CHAIR NOTING IT IS THE GAIT 7091 05:07:19,080 --> 05:07:23,200 SPEED OF WALKING TASK THAT IS 7092 05:07:23,200 --> 05:07:24,720 ACCURATE DEPENDED IN ROC CURVE 7093 05:07:24,720 --> 05:07:26,800 TO THE RIGHT AND SCORES COULD 7094 05:07:26,800 --> 05:07:30,360 PREDICT AGE RELATED OUTCOMES 7095 05:07:30,360 --> 05:07:34,000 AGAINST MICE RATS AND NON-HUMANS 7096 05:07:34,000 --> 05:07:35,960 SUGGESTING APPLICATION OF 7097 05:07:35,960 --> 05:07:38,360 TRANSLATIONAL MEASURES OPENING 7098 05:07:38,360 --> 05:07:41,280 FOR FUTURE GEROSCIENCE 7099 05:07:41,280 --> 05:07:44,720 DISCOVERIES AND THERAPEUTIC 7100 05:07:44,720 --> 05:07:48,240 AGENTS AND NEXT DR. WOLSON FROM 7101 05:07:48,240 --> 05:07:48,880 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY AND 7102 05:07:48,880 --> 05:07:51,080 IMPORTANCE OF RESILIENCY AND 7103 05:07:51,080 --> 05:07:52,920 AGING AND INTERSECTIONS OF 7104 05:07:52,920 --> 05:07:56,200 CONCEPTS AT MOLECULAR LEVEL AND 7105 05:07:56,200 --> 05:08:00,000 FRAILTY ASSESSMENT PRESENTED 7106 05:08:00,000 --> 05:08:01,600 FIVE HALLMARKS IN WAIT LOSS AND 7107 05:08:01,600 --> 05:08:03,200 Z- EXHAUSTION AND LOW PHYSICAL 7108 05:08:03,200 --> 05:08:04,360 ACTIVITY INDIVIDUALS CONSIDERED 7109 05:08:04,360 --> 05:08:07,360 FRAIL TO SOME DEGREE OR ANOTHER 7110 05:08:07,360 --> 05:08:10,080 PRESENTING WITH THREE OR MORE 7111 05:08:10,080 --> 05:08:11,800 CHARACTERISTICS FOCUSING ON 7112 05:08:11,800 --> 05:08:13,240 AGING AS BIOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT 7113 05:08:13,240 --> 05:08:16,240 INDICATED IN SCHEMATIC TO THE 7114 05:08:16,240 --> 05:08:17,520 RIGHT AND CHAFKS MULTIPLE 7115 05:08:17,520 --> 05:08:20,200 SYSTEMS IN MOLECULAR LEVEL AND 7116 05:08:20,200 --> 05:08:22,360 LEAD TO BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY 7117 05:08:22,360 --> 05:08:24,640 THAT MAY PERSIST FOR YEARS AND 7118 05:08:24,640 --> 05:08:27,280 BEFORE SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS ARE 7119 05:08:27,280 --> 05:08:29,880 ULTIMATELY APPARENT AND IS THIS 7120 05:08:29,880 --> 05:08:31,160 VULNERABILITY THAT CAN INCREASE 7121 05:08:31,160 --> 05:08:34,000 RISK FOR AGE RELATED DISEASES IN 7122 05:08:34,000 --> 05:08:36,560 COMORBIDITIES AND FRAILTY IS 7123 05:08:36,560 --> 05:08:37,840 ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH 7124 05:08:37,840 --> 05:08:39,560 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AGE RELATED 7125 05:08:39,560 --> 05:08:41,920 OUTCOMES THAT WE KNOW NOTED 7126 05:08:41,920 --> 05:08:45,040 DISTINCT WITH RESILIENCY 7127 05:08:45,040 --> 05:08:46,240 REFERRING INDIVIDUAL'S 7128 05:08:46,240 --> 05:08:47,800 RESPONSIBILITY TO RESPOND TO 7129 05:08:47,800 --> 05:08:50,080 STRESSORS AND OBSERVING COMPLEX 7130 05:08:50,080 --> 05:08:53,240 SYSTEMS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS 7131 05:08:53,240 --> 05:08:56,080 AND DISCUSSED ONGOING SPRING 7132 05:08:56,080 --> 05:08:57,480 INITIATIVE TRACKING OLDER ADULTS 7133 05:08:57,480 --> 05:09:00,880 AND TRANSPLANTS AND DIALYSIS AND 7134 05:09:00,880 --> 05:09:04,160 MEASURING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 7135 05:09:04,160 --> 05:09:04,760 ACCOUNTING FOR INDIVIDUAL 7136 05:09:04,760 --> 05:09:07,200 DIFFERENCES IN AGE RELATED 7137 05:09:07,200 --> 05:09:08,160 OUTCOMES AND HEARD FROM DR. 7138 05:09:08,160 --> 05:09:12,200 KRIMONES FROM UNIVERSITY OF 7139 05:09:12,200 --> 05:09:14,480 SOUTH CAROLINA PRESENTING 7140 05:09:14,480 --> 05:09:15,760 COMPREHENSIVE RESULTS FROM 7141 05:09:15,760 --> 05:09:18,680 INVESTIGATION AND EXAMINED 7142 05:09:18,680 --> 05:09:21,240 BIOMARKERS ACROSS 13 BIOLOGICAL 7143 05:09:21,240 --> 05:09:24,200 SYSTEMS THAT COULD PREDICT MORE 7144 05:09:24,200 --> 05:09:26,480 MORTALITY AND BIOMARKERS AND 7145 05:09:26,480 --> 05:09:27,800 MACHINE LEARNING AND 7146 05:09:27,800 --> 05:09:29,680 PARTICIPANTS FROM HEALTH AND 7147 05:09:29,680 --> 05:09:31,600 RETIREMENT STUDY AND FOUND THAT 7148 05:09:31,600 --> 05:09:34,480 DR. BIOMARKERS CONTRIBUTE TODAY 7149 05:09:34,480 --> 05:09:35,920 DIFFERENTIAL VARIATION IN 7150 05:09:35,920 --> 05:09:37,720 SPECIFIC SYSTEMS INDICATED IN 7151 05:09:37,720 --> 05:09:40,240 TABLE ON RIGHT INCLUDING 7152 05:09:40,240 --> 05:09:41,320 EPIGENETIC CLOCK ON GENERAL 7153 05:09:41,320 --> 05:09:43,920 AGING AND LOADING ON TO THE 7154 05:09:43,920 --> 05:09:47,640 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND IN 7155 05:09:47,640 --> 05:09:50,520 REGRESSION ANALYSIS DR. KRIMONES 7156 05:09:50,520 --> 05:09:52,200 SAW BIOMARKERS UNDERLYING 7157 05:09:52,200 --> 05:09:54,400 GENERAL AGING CARDIOVASCULAR AND 7158 05:09:54,400 --> 05:09:57,320 VES PTORY SYSTEM WERE ESPECIALLY 7159 05:09:57,320 --> 05:10:00,120 STRONG PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY 7160 05:10:00,120 --> 05:10:01,640 AND BIOMARKER GENERAL AGING 7161 05:10:01,640 --> 05:10:04,240 ACCOUNTS FOR PREDICTIVE EFFECTS 7162 05:10:04,240 --> 05:10:06,440 OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY AND 7163 05:10:06,440 --> 05:10:08,160 CIRCULATORY AND NEUROLOGICAL 7164 05:10:08,160 --> 05:10:09,960 SYSTEMS AND IMPORTANT WILL I DR. 7165 05:10:09,960 --> 05:10:12,040 KRIMONES FOUND VARIANCE 7166 05:10:12,040 --> 05:10:14,400 ACCOUNTED FOR BY BIOMARKERS 7167 05:10:14,400 --> 05:10:17,320 COULD BE EXPLAINED BY SOCIAL AND 7168 05:10:17,320 --> 05:10:20,920 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND FINAL 7169 05:10:20,920 --> 05:10:23,040 SPEAKER IS DR. LITH CO FOR 7170 05:10:23,040 --> 05:10:25,400 INSTITUTE ON AGING AND 7171 05:10:25,400 --> 05:10:27,200 INCREASING REVELLENT ASPECT OF 7172 05:10:27,200 --> 05:10:30,040 AGING RESEARCH AND NEED TO 7173 05:10:30,040 --> 05:10:31,560 ENHANCE AGING INTERVENTION 7174 05:10:31,560 --> 05:10:35,920 PIPELINES AND REMINDED US IF NOT 7175 05:10:35,920 --> 05:10:38,880 MAKING ANIMALS LIVE LONGER -- 7176 05:10:38,880 --> 05:10:39,960 INDICATED IN THE TABLE ON THE 7177 05:10:39,960 --> 05:10:44,200 RIGHT AND DEVELOPED IN MODEL 7178 05:10:44,200 --> 05:10:47,320 ORGAN SYSTEMS C ELEGANS SHOWN TO 7179 05:10:47,320 --> 05:10:49,520 ENHANCE LONGEVITY AND PROVIDED 7180 05:10:49,520 --> 05:10:51,880 RESULTS FROM NUMBER OF 7181 05:10:51,880 --> 05:10:53,840 EXPERIMENTS SHOWING COMPOUNDS -- 7182 05:10:53,840 --> 05:10:56,280 CAN INDUCE SIMILAR BENEFITS 7183 05:10:56,280 --> 05:10:58,400 PUTTING DECREASES IN PROTEIN 7184 05:10:58,400 --> 05:11:01,960 AGGREGATION AND IMPROVEMENTS IN 7185 05:11:01,960 --> 05:11:03,720 FUNCTIONAL PARALYSIS ASSAYS AND 7186 05:11:03,720 --> 05:11:05,800 LIFESPAN ACROSS MULTIPLE MODELS 7187 05:11:05,800 --> 05:11:07,640 INDICATED IN THE PANEL ON BOTTOM 7188 05:11:07,640 --> 05:11:09,480 RIGHT AND PARTING WORDS FOR 7189 05:11:09,480 --> 05:11:13,080 INSPIRATION AND POINTED OUT 40% 7190 05:11:13,080 --> 05:11:15,520 COMPOUNDS THAT GROUP PRESELECTED 7191 05:11:15,520 --> 05:11:17,880 TO IMPROVE LIFESPAN WORMS 7192 05:11:17,880 --> 05:11:21,320 INHIBIT AGING PROCESSES IN MICE 7193 05:11:21,320 --> 05:11:24,200 AND PROVIDING MUCH APPRECIATED 7194 05:11:24,200 --> 05:11:26,280 OPTIMISM UNDERSTANDING AGE 7195 05:11:26,280 --> 05:11:27,320 INTERVENTIONS QUANTIFYING 7196 05:11:27,320 --> 05:11:28,800 EFFECTS ACROSS DIFFERENT DOMAINS 7197 05:11:28,800 --> 05:11:31,000 AND HOW BEST TO TRANSLATE 7198 05:11:31,000 --> 05:11:32,760 FINDINGS INTO BROADER 7199 05:11:32,760 --> 05:11:34,080 GEROPROTECTIVE STRATEGIES AND 7200 05:11:34,080 --> 05:11:36,240 WITH THAT I WILL PASS IT OFF TO 7201 05:11:36,240 --> 05:11:37,840 THE NEXT SPEAKER WHO WILL 7202 05:11:37,840 --> 05:11:47,720 DISCUSS IN THIS CASE THE 7203 05:11:47,720 --> 05:11:48,800 SUCCESSION. 7204 05:11:48,800 --> 05:11:49,120 THANK YOU. 7205 05:11:49,120 --> 05:11:52,720 >>NOW, [INDISCERNIBLE] WILL 7206 05:11:52,720 --> 05:12:03,080 SPEAK ON SESSION 6. 7207 05:12:14,040 --> 05:12:15,880 >>HELLO, EVERYONE I'M FROM 7208 05:12:15,880 --> 05:12:17,120 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING AND 7209 05:12:17,120 --> 05:12:21,360 THRILL TODAY PRESENT SUMMARY OF 7210 05:12:21,360 --> 05:12:25,960 BIOMARKERS OF GEROSCIENCE 7211 05:12:25,960 --> 05:12:27,640 SESSION BEGINNING WITH DR. CHRIS 7212 05:12:27,640 --> 05:12:31,280 OH, MY GOD PRESENTED THE 7213 05:12:31,280 --> 05:12:33,520 BEGINNING MANY STATES OF 7214 05:12:33,520 --> 05:12:34,840 BIOMARKERS AND WHAT HE 7215 05:12:34,840 --> 05:12:36,400 ESSENTIALLY TRIED TO MAKE OUT OF 7216 05:12:36,400 --> 05:12:38,440 IT WAS HOW DIFFERENT RESEARCHERS 7217 05:12:38,440 --> 05:12:41,920 SEE THE VERY DEFINITION OF A 7218 05:12:41,920 --> 05:12:43,840 BIOMARKER AND I WILL MAKE ONE 7219 05:12:43,840 --> 05:12:47,160 STEP BACK AND ACTUALLY ASK 7220 05:12:47,160 --> 05:12:48,080 BIOMARKER OF WHAT. 7221 05:12:48,080 --> 05:12:50,800 SO, AS YOU ALREADY KNOW, WE 7222 05:12:50,800 --> 05:12:54,000 ALREADY HAVE ALL THIS BIOLOGICAL 7223 05:12:54,000 --> 05:12:56,280 MATERIAL FOR EXAMPLE CELLS AND 7224 05:12:56,280 --> 05:12:58,120 BIOPSIES WE ARE TAKING 7225 05:12:58,120 --> 05:13:01,560 MEASUREMENTS FROM MOLECULAR AND 7226 05:13:01,560 --> 05:13:02,160 [INDISCERNIBLE] MEASUREMENTS AND 7227 05:13:02,160 --> 05:13:05,280 WE MEASURED SPECIFIC AGING 7228 05:13:05,280 --> 05:13:08,200 PHENOTYPES AND IN THIS CASE WE 7229 05:13:08,200 --> 05:13:11,440 ALSO SAY RATE OF AGING OR FOR 7230 05:13:11,440 --> 05:13:14,440 EXAMPLE THE MITOCHONDRIAL 7231 05:13:14,440 --> 05:13:15,080 FUNCTION. 7232 05:13:15,080 --> 05:13:19,240 OUT OF THESE INDICES THEN, WE 7233 05:13:19,240 --> 05:13:22,880 SAY WE FEED MODELS GENERATE 7234 05:13:22,880 --> 05:13:24,920 REALLY POWERFUL COMPUTATIONAL 7235 05:13:24,920 --> 05:13:27,280 TOOLS THAT WE CAN ESSENTIALLY 7236 05:13:27,280 --> 05:13:30,160 ASSESS TO SOME EXTENT OR PREDICT 7237 05:13:30,160 --> 05:13:32,680 AGE OR SPECIFIC FEATURES OF 7238 05:13:32,680 --> 05:13:35,320 AGING. FOR EXAMPLE, PACE OF 7239 05:13:35,320 --> 05:13:35,720 AIDS. 7240 05:13:35,720 --> 05:13:37,560 AS YOU CAN SEE HERE THOUGH THIS 7241 05:13:37,560 --> 05:13:40,040 IS A CIRCLE ESSENTIALLY. AFTER 7242 05:13:40,040 --> 05:13:41,880 WE HAVE PREDICTIONS WE HAVE THIS 7243 05:13:41,880 --> 05:13:43,840 GOING BACK AND ARE GOING BACK TO 7244 05:13:43,840 --> 05:13:46,840 THE LAB AND TRYING TO TEST 7245 05:13:46,840 --> 05:13:48,000 WHETHER PREDICTIONS ARE ACTUALLY 7246 05:13:48,000 --> 05:13:49,680 ACCURATE AND OF COURSE WHETHER 7247 05:13:49,680 --> 05:13:52,760 WE CAN TRULY INTERVENE SO WE CAN 7248 05:13:52,760 --> 05:13:56,240 REESTABLISH EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN 7249 05:13:56,240 --> 05:13:58,560 DAMAGE [INDISCERNIBLE] AND 7250 05:13:58,560 --> 05:14:01,320 INEFFECTIVE REPAIR THAT IS WHAT 7251 05:14:01,320 --> 05:14:02,320 ESSENTIALLY CAUSES BIOLOGICAL 7252 05:14:02,320 --> 05:14:04,120 AGING AND I DON'T KNOW ABOUT 7253 05:14:04,120 --> 05:14:07,240 YOU, BUT WHENEVER WE ARE TALKING 7254 05:14:07,240 --> 05:14:10,040 ABOUT TOOLS LIKE BIOFORMATICS 7255 05:14:10,040 --> 05:14:12,040 TOOLS FIRST THING COMING IN MIND 7256 05:14:12,040 --> 05:14:15,800 IS EPIGENETIC CLOKZ AND FOR 7257 05:14:15,800 --> 05:14:19,280 EXAMPLE FIRST GENERATION OF 7258 05:14:19,280 --> 05:14:21,960 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS COULD PREDICT 7259 05:14:21,960 --> 05:14:24,240 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND SECOND 7260 05:14:24,240 --> 05:14:26,520 GENERATION OF CLOCKS PROVIDE 7261 05:14:26,520 --> 05:14:29,640 SURVIVAL BASED ON DNA 7262 05:14:29,640 --> 05:14:30,600 METHYLATION MEASUREMENTS AND 7263 05:14:30,600 --> 05:14:33,360 ANOTHER ONE PRESENTED BY DR. 7264 05:14:33,360 --> 05:14:36,040 BELSKY IN AMAZING TALK HE TALKED 7265 05:14:36,040 --> 05:14:38,080 ABOUT NEW GENERATION OR 7266 05:14:38,080 --> 05:14:42,560 SO-CALLED X GENERATION OF 7267 05:14:42,560 --> 05:14:44,200 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TO PREDICT 7268 05:14:44,200 --> 05:14:48,200 PACE OF AIDS IN OTHER TERMS HOW 7269 05:14:48,200 --> 05:14:50,560 QUICK OR SLOW WE AGE AND 7270 05:14:50,560 --> 05:14:53,160 PRESENTED BIOFORMATIC TERM NAMED 7271 05:14:53,160 --> 05:14:55,240 [INDISCERNIBLE] THAT IS A SPEED 7272 05:14:55,240 --> 05:14:57,560 OM TER PACE OF AIDS AND THIS 7273 05:14:57,560 --> 05:14:58,760 TOOL IS VERY IMPORTANT IN CASE 7274 05:14:58,760 --> 05:15:02,520 THAT WE ARE MISSING DATA FROM 7275 05:15:02,520 --> 05:15:04,240 LONGITUDINAL STUDIES SUCH AS, 7276 05:15:04,240 --> 05:15:09,360 FOR EXAMPLE, BLSA AND SLAM AND 7277 05:15:09,360 --> 05:15:10,800 GUEST AULT AND MENTIONING ALL 7278 05:15:10,800 --> 05:15:13,440 THESE AND TO SOME EXTENT I 7279 05:15:13,440 --> 05:15:16,000 PRAISE MY OWN HOME, THE NIA. IN 7280 05:15:16,000 --> 05:15:19,520 CASE WE HAVE DATA FROM THESE 7281 05:15:19,520 --> 05:15:21,520 STUDIES ALL THESE MAGNIFICENT 7282 05:15:21,520 --> 05:15:22,880 TOOLS COULD INFORM US ABOUT HOW 7283 05:15:22,880 --> 05:15:25,240 WE ACTUALLY AGE. 7284 05:15:25,240 --> 05:15:27,920 NOW, ANOTHER VERY IMPORTANT 7285 05:15:27,920 --> 05:15:29,640 ASPECT BROUGHT UP BY DR. 7286 05:15:29,640 --> 05:15:30,920 [INDISCERNIBLE] AT LEAST IT WAS 7287 05:15:30,920 --> 05:15:34,400 REALLY FASCINATING TO ME WAS TO 7288 05:15:34,400 --> 05:15:37,000 CONSIDER ACTUALLY THAT THERE 7289 05:15:37,000 --> 05:15:43,760 MIGHT BE SPECIFIC TOOLS OR LIKE 7290 05:15:43,760 --> 05:15:45,760 SPECIFIC CLOCKS THAT COULD BE 7291 05:15:45,760 --> 05:15:47,280 APPLIED TO SPECIFIC TISSUE AND 7292 05:15:47,280 --> 05:15:50,560 IN THAT CASE WE NEED TO CONSIDER 7293 05:15:50,560 --> 05:15:54,720 THAT EVERY TISSUE MADE AIDS IN A 7294 05:15:54,720 --> 05:15:57,280 DIFFERENT RATE AND NEED TOOLS TO 7295 05:15:57,280 --> 05:16:00,160 DRAW CONCLUSIONS FOR 7296 05:16:00,160 --> 05:16:01,240 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND 7297 05:16:01,240 --> 05:16:02,560 SUBSEQUENTLY APPLIED LATER ON 7298 05:16:02,560 --> 05:16:04,600 INTO THE CLINICS AND CLINICIANS 7299 05:16:04,600 --> 05:16:08,200 FOR EXAMPLE TRY TO POINT OUT OR 7300 05:16:08,200 --> 05:16:11,320 DESIGN SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS. 7301 05:16:11,320 --> 05:16:15,160 NOW, DR. PICARD ACTUALLY HERE 7302 05:16:15,160 --> 05:16:17,160 REMINDS US THIS IS AN ACTUAL 7303 05:16:17,160 --> 05:16:19,080 CIRCLE AGAIN. DESPITE FACT WE 7304 05:16:19,080 --> 05:16:21,280 HAVE ALL MEASUREMENTS AND ALL 7305 05:16:21,280 --> 05:16:23,520 OUR GREAT TOOLS WE HAVE TO GO 7306 05:16:23,520 --> 05:16:28,440 BACK AND TEST THE MEASUREMENTS 7307 05:16:28,440 --> 05:16:28,760 THEMSELVES. 7308 05:16:28,760 --> 05:16:32,560 SO, IN HIS CASE WE FOCUS ON 7309 05:16:32,560 --> 05:16:34,840 MITOCHONDRIA AND AIDS AND 7310 05:16:34,840 --> 05:16:36,360 ACCUMULATE STRESS AND IMPAIRMENT 7311 05:16:36,360 --> 05:16:39,560 TO MITOCHONDRIA AND CONSEQUENCE 7312 05:16:39,560 --> 05:16:42,480 WE HAVE ACCELERATED AGING OR ANY 7313 05:16:42,480 --> 05:16:45,880 OTHER AGE-RELATED DECLINE. 7314 05:16:45,880 --> 05:16:50,280 INITIALLY ONLY KNOWN AS SIMPLY 7315 05:16:50,280 --> 05:16:52,640 THE -- THE PART HOUSE OF A CELL 7316 05:16:52,640 --> 05:16:56,200 AND IS VERY WELL KNOWN NO YOU 7317 05:16:56,200 --> 05:16:59,560 THAT MITOCHONDRIA CAN MEDIATE 7318 05:16:59,560 --> 05:17:00,760 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS 7319 05:17:00,760 --> 05:17:02,760 RELATED TO AGING AND RAISING 7320 05:17:02,760 --> 05:17:05,480 QUESTION THAT MITOCHONDRIA 7321 05:17:05,480 --> 05:17:07,360 SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AGING 7322 05:17:07,360 --> 05:17:11,440 BIOMARKER AND LASTLY, DR. KING 7323 05:17:11,440 --> 05:17:14,040 CAME. OH, MY GOSH. HAS ANOTHER 7324 05:17:14,040 --> 05:17:15,840 REPORT ON ASPECT OF GEROSCIENCE 7325 05:17:15,840 --> 05:17:18,920 THAT IS HOW YOU CAN REALLY 7326 05:17:18,920 --> 05:17:21,320 UTILIZE MODEL ORGANISMS THAT IS 7327 05:17:21,320 --> 05:17:24,480 FOR EXAMPLE MICE NOT ONLY TO 7328 05:17:24,480 --> 05:17:26,560 START WITH GEROSCIENCE AND 7329 05:17:26,560 --> 05:17:29,360 GENERAL LIFESPAN AND POTENTIAL 7330 05:17:29,360 --> 05:17:30,760 INTERVENTIONS THAT WILL ACTUALLY 7331 05:17:30,760 --> 05:17:34,480 ASSESS EFFICIENCY OF 7332 05:17:34,480 --> 05:17:36,240 INTERVENTIONS TO EITHER 7333 05:17:36,240 --> 05:17:38,760 DECELERATE OR IMPROVE AGING AND 7334 05:17:38,760 --> 05:17:40,800 TRYING NOW TO SUMMARIZE OR MORE 7335 05:17:40,800 --> 05:17:43,240 LIKE GIVE KIND OF AN OVERVIEW ON 7336 05:17:43,240 --> 05:17:44,840 WHAT IT WOULD CONSIDER AS A 7337 05:17:44,840 --> 05:17:50,560 REALLY GOOD BIOMARKER, I THINK 7338 05:17:50,560 --> 05:17:52,200 DR. [INDISCERNIBLE] GAVE 7339 05:17:52,200 --> 05:17:54,600 SPECIFIC BULLET POINTS HOW YOU 7340 05:17:54,600 --> 05:17:56,840 COULD DEFINE A REALLY GOOD 7341 05:17:56,840 --> 05:17:59,040 BIOMARKER. FIRST OF ALL, NEEDS 7342 05:17:59,040 --> 05:18:00,800 TO BE MEASURABLE IN SHORT TERM 7343 05:18:00,800 --> 05:18:02,480 AND HAS TO BE PREDICTOR OF 7344 05:18:02,480 --> 05:18:04,160 DISEASE IF TALKING ABOUT DISEASE 7345 05:18:04,160 --> 05:18:06,720 AND ESPECIALLY BEFORE CLINICAL 7346 05:18:06,720 --> 05:18:08,600 ONSET IN CASE WE WANT TO REALLY 7347 05:18:08,600 --> 05:18:10,880 INTERVENE AND IN TERMS OF AGING, 7348 05:18:10,880 --> 05:18:13,200 WE HAVE TO FIND SOMETHING THAT 7349 05:18:13,200 --> 05:18:16,200 IS LET'S SAY INDICATIVE OF 7350 05:18:16,200 --> 05:18:19,200 TECHNICALLY HEALTHY AGING OR 7351 05:18:19,200 --> 05:18:20,120 DECELERATE AGING TO INTERVENE 7352 05:18:20,120 --> 05:18:22,760 AND TRY TO HAVE THE OUTCOME AND 7353 05:18:22,760 --> 05:18:23,680 DESIRABLE OUTCOME. 7354 05:18:23,680 --> 05:18:26,360 OF COURSE, IT NEEDS TO BE 7355 05:18:26,360 --> 05:18:26,960 INFORMATIVE ENOUGH ABOUT THE 7356 05:18:26,960 --> 05:18:29,760 CURRENT AND ALSO THE FUTURE 7357 05:18:29,760 --> 05:18:32,560 HEALTH AS WELL AS INFORMATIVE 7358 05:18:32,560 --> 05:18:34,000 ENOUGH ABOUT THE PACE OF AIDS 7359 05:18:34,000 --> 05:18:35,360 AND WE NEED TO CONSIDER ALSO 7360 05:18:35,360 --> 05:18:38,400 WHAT WE ARE ADDRESSING WITHOUT 7361 05:18:38,400 --> 05:18:40,680 SPECIFIC BIOMARKER AND 7362 05:18:40,680 --> 05:18:43,000 ADDRESSING ORGANIS MAL HEALTH IS 7363 05:18:43,000 --> 05:18:45,200 IT CELL OR TISSUE SPECIFIC AFRND 7364 05:18:45,200 --> 05:18:48,160 WHEN WE ARE ACTUALLY ASSESSING 7365 05:18:48,160 --> 05:18:51,080 BIOMARKER, WHAT EXACTLY 7366 05:18:51,080 --> 05:18:51,840 QUESTIONS AND WHAT 7367 05:18:51,840 --> 05:18:53,040 [INDISCERNIBLE] ARE WE 7368 05:18:53,040 --> 05:18:53,720 ASSESSING? 7369 05:18:53,720 --> 05:18:57,680 OF COURSE, THEN, WE HAVE REVERSE 7370 05:18:57,680 --> 05:18:59,160 TRANSLATION THAT KICKED IN IN 7371 05:18:59,160 --> 05:19:02,320 VIVO MODELS AND MOUSE AND 7372 05:19:02,320 --> 05:19:04,240 NON-HUMAN PRIMATES THAT IS 7373 05:19:04,240 --> 05:19:05,480 SOMETHING THAT DR. 7374 05:19:05,480 --> 05:19:06,040 [INDISCERNIBLE] BROUGHT UP 7375 05:19:06,040 --> 05:19:07,680 YESTERDAY TO ONE OF HIS 7376 05:19:07,680 --> 05:19:10,200 QUESTIONS HOW ARE ALL THESE 7377 05:19:10,200 --> 05:19:11,720 BIOMARKERS REALLY TRULY 7378 05:19:11,720 --> 05:19:14,600 TRANSLATED IN THE IN VIVO 7379 05:19:14,600 --> 05:19:16,240 STUDIES AND HOW TO ACTUALLY 7380 05:19:16,240 --> 05:19:17,560 UTILIZE THEM AND TAKE ADVANTAGE 7381 05:19:17,560 --> 05:19:20,760 OF THEM AND LASTLY OF COURSE 7382 05:19:20,760 --> 05:19:24,240 CONTEXT OF USE AND BRINGING TWO 7383 05:19:24,240 --> 05:19:26,600 QUICK EXAMPLE THAT IS THE 7384 05:19:26,600 --> 05:19:29,960 STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS 7385 05:19:29,960 --> 05:19:31,280 INTERVENTIONS AND TRACKING 7386 05:19:31,280 --> 05:19:33,200 RESPONSE OF ANY PARTICULAR 7387 05:19:33,200 --> 05:19:35,760 INTERVENTIONS TO JUST ASSESS THE 7388 05:19:35,760 --> 05:19:36,400 OUTCOME. 7389 05:19:36,400 --> 05:19:39,040 SO, WHAT IS THE FUTURE HOLDING 7390 05:19:39,040 --> 05:19:40,200 FOR US? 7391 05:19:40,200 --> 05:19:42,840 WELL, I WOULD SAY FIRST AND 7392 05:19:42,840 --> 05:19:44,200 FOREMOST WE HAVE TO REALLY FIND 7393 05:19:44,200 --> 05:19:47,280 A GOOD WAY TO ASSESS IN THE 7394 05:19:47,280 --> 05:19:47,720 CLINICS AGING. 7395 05:19:47,720 --> 05:19:50,520 SOON AS WE DO THAT, WE NEED TO 7396 05:19:50,520 --> 05:19:52,800 START TO ASK QUESTIONS. FOR 7397 05:19:52,800 --> 05:19:54,960 EXAMPLE, WHETHER WE HAVE AGE 7398 05:19:54,960 --> 05:19:58,080 ACCELERATION AND IN THAT CASE, 7399 05:19:58,080 --> 05:20:00,080 IT IS AGE ACCELERATION COMPARED 7400 05:20:00,080 --> 05:20:03,000 TO WHOM AND WE NEED TO REALLY 7401 05:20:03,000 --> 05:20:05,160 CONSIDER OUR POPULATION AND 7402 05:20:05,160 --> 05:20:07,840 REFERENCE COVER. OF COURSE, 7403 05:20:07,840 --> 05:20:10,240 BIOMARKER IF USEFUL AND UNIQUE 7404 05:20:10,240 --> 05:20:13,840 BIOMARKER ASSOCIATED WITH AGING 7405 05:20:13,840 --> 05:20:15,560 PHENOTYPES NEEDS TO BE 7406 05:20:15,560 --> 05:20:17,600 CROSS-VALIDATED AMONG OTHER 7407 05:20:17,600 --> 05:20:20,600 POPULATIONS AND AMONG OTHER 7408 05:20:20,600 --> 05:20:22,120 COHORTS AND LIFE COURSE 7409 05:20:22,120 --> 05:20:24,080 CONSIDERATION THAT IS SOMETHING 7410 05:20:24,080 --> 05:20:24,880 I PERSONALLY HADN'T THOUGHT 7411 05:20:24,880 --> 05:20:26,880 ABOUT IT AND HEARD OF IT THE 7412 05:20:26,880 --> 05:20:29,240 VERY FIRST TIME HERE A 70 YEAR 7413 05:20:29,240 --> 05:20:32,600 OLD PERSON THAT IT WAS 30 YEAR 7414 05:20:32,600 --> 05:20:36,120 OLD 40 YEARS AGO ESSENTIALLY IS 7415 05:20:36,120 --> 05:20:37,240 COMPLETELY YOU WILL HAVE 7416 05:20:37,240 --> 05:20:39,880 COMPLETELY DIFFERENT BIOMARKER 7417 05:20:39,880 --> 05:20:41,600 COMPARED TO A 30 YEAR OLD PERSON 7418 05:20:41,600 --> 05:20:43,680 RIGHT NOW AND LASTLY TEST AND 7419 05:20:43,680 --> 05:20:46,520 RETEST AND ACCURACY AND ANALYTIC 7420 05:20:46,520 --> 05:20:48,800 VALIDATION OF A BIOMARKER AND 7421 05:20:48,800 --> 05:20:50,200 SPENDING A COUPLE OF SECONDS FOR 7422 05:20:50,200 --> 05:20:52,200 THE LAST PART THAT IS 7423 05:20:52,200 --> 05:20:54,480 ESSENTIALLY MEASUREMENT OF 7424 05:20:54,480 --> 05:20:56,840 BIOMARKER ITSELF. IT IS JUST AN 7425 05:20:56,840 --> 05:20:58,960 ESSAY BUT A FEW TIMES IT IS 7426 05:20:58,960 --> 05:21:00,880 ACTUALLY NOT AS GOOD AS WE MAY 7427 05:21:00,880 --> 05:21:04,680 THINK AND THAT ACTUALLY IS A FEW 7428 05:21:04,680 --> 05:21:07,840 TIMES CAUSING CAVEAT OF 7429 05:21:07,840 --> 05:21:09,200 ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF A 7430 05:21:09,200 --> 05:21:10,840 BIOMARKER AND WITH THAT I DON'T 7431 05:21:10,840 --> 05:21:11,920 KNOW WHETHER DOCTOR -- YOU DON'T 7432 05:21:11,920 --> 05:21:14,200 WANT TO DO IT. OKAY. WITH 7433 05:21:14,200 --> 05:21:15,520 THAT, I WILL CONCLUDE 7434 05:21:15,520 --> 05:21:17,280 PRESENTATION AND HAND IT OVER TO 7435 05:21:17,280 --> 05:21:21,120 THE NEXT SPEAKER. THANK YOU. 7436 05:21:21,120 --> 05:21:29,400 >>[INDISCERNIBLE]. 7437 05:21:29,400 --> 05:21:39,840 >>NEXT, VERNON KENNEDY. 7438 05:21:42,640 --> 05:21:47,160 >>GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 7439 05:21:47,160 --> 05:21:48,880 VERNON KENNEDY AND POST DOC AT 7440 05:21:48,880 --> 05:21:51,840 INSTITUTE OF AGING GIVING 7441 05:21:51,840 --> 05:21:55,360 REMARKS ON SESSION 7 ENTITLED 7442 05:21:55,360 --> 05:21:57,640 GEROSCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN THE 7443 05:21:57,640 --> 05:22:03,880 CLINIC AND IN THE COMMUNITY. 7444 05:22:03,880 --> 05:22:05,720 OKAY. SO, I REALLY APPRECIATED 7445 05:22:05,720 --> 05:22:08,240 IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SESSION. 7446 05:22:08,240 --> 05:22:10,840 WE TOOK TIME TO DISCUSS LINK 7447 05:22:10,840 --> 05:22:11,880 BETWEEN GEROSCIENCE AND PRACTICE 7448 05:22:11,880 --> 05:22:15,040 IN THE CLINIC. THAT DISCUSSION 7449 05:22:15,040 --> 05:22:17,480 BEGAN WITH DR. HEATHER WHITSON 7450 05:22:17,480 --> 05:22:19,680 FROM DUKE UNIVERSITY DISCUSSING 7451 05:22:19,680 --> 05:22:21,440 GEROSCIENCE IN SENSE OF 7452 05:22:21,440 --> 05:22:22,760 PREDICTING OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS 7453 05:22:22,760 --> 05:22:24,160 AND WE WERE TALKING ABOUT 7454 05:22:24,160 --> 05:22:26,480 FINDING WAYS TO USE GEROSCIENCE 7455 05:22:26,480 --> 05:22:29,080 AS TOOL TO PREDICT HEALTH 7456 05:22:29,080 --> 05:22:30,840 TRAJECTORY OF PATIENTS BEFORE 7457 05:22:30,840 --> 05:22:34,040 AND AFTER INTRODUCTION OF A 7458 05:22:34,040 --> 05:22:36,120 STRESSOR THAT COULD BE CHRONIC 7459 05:22:36,120 --> 05:22:40,200 LIKE DIALYSIS OR SHORT TERM AND 7460 05:22:40,200 --> 05:22:41,760 ACUTE LIKE A KNEE REPLACEMENT 7461 05:22:41,760 --> 05:22:44,200 SHE TALKED ABOUT IN HER SESSION 7462 05:22:44,200 --> 05:22:46,200 AND PREDICTING GEROSCIENCE FOR 7463 05:22:46,200 --> 05:22:49,680 OUTCOME FOR PATIENTS HITTING IT 7464 05:22:49,680 --> 05:22:55,320 FROM THREE LENSOID YAF COMPLEX 7465 05:22:55,320 --> 05:23:00,360 -- IT CAN EXTEND TO THINGS 7466 05:23:00,360 --> 05:23:02,560 EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKS AND 7467 05:23:02,560 --> 05:23:04,880 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH TO GIVE 7468 05:23:04,880 --> 05:23:07,080 IDEA OF THE PATIENT'S 7469 05:23:07,080 --> 05:23:08,240 PROGRESSION AFTER INSULT AND 7470 05:23:08,240 --> 05:23:10,640 MOVING TO IDEA OF RESILIENCE 7471 05:23:10,640 --> 05:23:12,200 THAT I THOUGHT THIS QUOTE FROM 7472 05:23:12,200 --> 05:23:14,560 HER TALK WAS A GREAT WAY TO SUM 7473 05:23:14,560 --> 05:23:16,200 UP WHAT SHE MEANT BY POINT THAT 7474 05:23:16,200 --> 05:23:19,440 IS DISEASES LOWER BIOLOGICAL 7475 05:23:19,440 --> 05:23:21,240 RESILIENCE AND LOWER RESILIENCE 7476 05:23:21,240 --> 05:23:23,000 IS FOR PATIENT IT MAKES THEM 7477 05:23:23,000 --> 05:23:24,600 MORE VULNERABLE TO DISEASE AND 7478 05:23:24,600 --> 05:23:27,640 IS SOMETHING THAT IF YOU PUT 7479 05:23:27,640 --> 05:23:29,120 INTO CONTEXT OF OTHER 7480 05:23:29,120 --> 05:23:30,720 GEROSCIENCE TERMINOLOGIES IT CAN 7481 05:23:30,720 --> 05:23:32,800 HELP TO PREDICT OUTCOME FOR 7482 05:23:32,800 --> 05:23:34,400 PATIENTS RECEIVING INSULTS AND 7483 05:23:34,400 --> 05:23:36,560 LAST MARKER OR POINT WE USE FOR 7484 05:23:36,560 --> 05:23:38,600 THIS TOPIC IS THE IDEA OF 7485 05:23:38,600 --> 05:23:40,360 INCORPORATING PILLARS AND 7486 05:23:40,360 --> 05:23:43,000 HALLMARKS OF AGING AND THINGS 7487 05:23:43,000 --> 05:23:47,600 YOU ARE WELL FAMILIAR WITH 7488 05:23:47,600 --> 05:23:49,720 SENESCENCE AND MITOCHONDRIAL 7489 05:23:49,720 --> 05:23:51,360 DISFUNCTION AND MOVING ON FROM 7490 05:23:51,360 --> 05:23:54,600 HOW TO USE GEROSCIENCE TO GIVE 7491 05:23:54,600 --> 05:23:56,640 PREDICTIONS ABOUT PATIENTS 7492 05:23:56,640 --> 05:23:57,760 TRAJECTORIES DR. ROBERT CAME UP 7493 05:23:57,760 --> 05:24:00,240 WITH A DISCUSSION TALKING ABOUT 7494 05:24:00,240 --> 05:24:02,640 HOW GEROSCIENCE IS INTEGRATED 7495 05:24:02,640 --> 05:24:04,920 INTO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS 7496 05:24:04,920 --> 05:24:08,200 AT PRESENT TIME BEGINNING WITH 7497 05:24:08,200 --> 05:24:09,760 ASSESSING PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE 7498 05:24:09,760 --> 05:24:13,720 AND NUMEROUS GEROSCIENCE-BASED 7499 05:24:13,720 --> 05:24:14,560 INTERVENTIONS THAT CORRELATE 7500 05:24:14,560 --> 05:24:17,240 WITH HEALTH SPANS OF AGING 7501 05:24:17,240 --> 05:24:20,000 POPULATIONS AND PRESCRIBE TO 7502 05:24:20,000 --> 05:24:23,200 AGING PATIENTS ALREADY MODERATE 7503 05:24:23,200 --> 05:24:27,200 EXERCISE AND REBERMYCIN AND 7504 05:24:27,200 --> 05:24:29,200 METFORMIN AND DEMONSTRATED BASED 7505 05:24:29,200 --> 05:24:31,280 ON STUDIES HAPPENING IN THE 7506 05:24:31,280 --> 05:24:35,480 CLINIC AND CENTERED AROUND 7507 05:24:35,480 --> 05:24:36,280 SINOTHERAPEUTICS THAT ARE 7508 05:24:36,280 --> 05:24:37,920 ALREADY BENEFICIAL FOR PATIENTS 7509 05:24:37,920 --> 05:24:40,520 IN MULTIPLE DISEASE SETTINGS FOR 7510 05:24:40,520 --> 05:24:44,640 EXAMPLE IN PULMONARY FIBROSIS 7511 05:24:44,640 --> 05:24:47,680 AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS 7512 05:24:47,680 --> 05:24:50,280 CORRELATING WITH FRACTIONS IN 7513 05:24:50,280 --> 05:24:53,000 PATIENTS AND BONE DENSITY FOR 7514 05:24:53,000 --> 05:24:53,600 PATIENTS ON [INDISCERNIBLE] 7515 05:24:53,600 --> 05:24:54,400 EXCUSE ME. 7516 05:24:54,400 --> 05:24:56,120 TAKING THESE TOGETHER WE ARE 7517 05:24:56,120 --> 05:24:58,440 ABLE TO GATHER PRECLINICAL AND 7518 05:24:58,440 --> 05:25:00,760 CLINICAL EVIDENCE THAT 7519 05:25:00,760 --> 05:25:02,360 SUBJECTINGS THAT MORE 7520 05:25:02,360 --> 05:25:04,080 CONSIDERATIONS ARE NEEDED TO 7521 05:25:04,080 --> 05:25:06,280 INVESTIGATE HOW TO LINK 7522 05:25:06,280 --> 05:25:07,000 GEROSCIENCE PLAUSIBLE TREATMENTS 7523 05:25:07,000 --> 05:25:09,120 FOR PATIENTS IN THE CLINIC. 7524 05:25:09,120 --> 05:25:11,200 AND SO TO TAKE IT A STEP FURTHER 7525 05:25:11,200 --> 05:25:14,640 YOU HAVE AN IDEA OF GEROSCIENCE 7526 05:25:14,640 --> 05:25:18,120 AND HOW YOU PREDICT DISEASE AND 7527 05:25:18,120 --> 05:25:20,160 TREAT PATIENTS AND CULTURE OF 7528 05:25:20,160 --> 05:25:21,560 GEROSCIENCE AND CLINICAL SETTING 7529 05:25:21,560 --> 05:25:24,480 IS IMPORTANT TOPIC AS WELL AND 7530 05:25:24,480 --> 05:25:28,080 DR. DANIEL FORMAN LED THIS 7531 05:25:28,080 --> 05:25:30,240 DISCUSSION AND MODERN HEALTH 7532 05:25:30,240 --> 05:25:33,720 CARE IS DISEASE SPECIFIC WITH 7533 05:25:33,720 --> 05:25:35,200 CLINICAL ASPECTS AND RESOURCES 7534 05:25:35,200 --> 05:25:37,160 DIRECTED IN SIMILAR FASHION AND 7535 05:25:37,160 --> 05:25:38,440 IS CASE IN MANY CLINICAL 7536 05:25:38,440 --> 05:25:41,440 SETTINGS FOR YEARS THAT COULD BE 7537 05:25:41,440 --> 05:25:44,200 DIFFICULT TO UNDO SOME OF THAT 7538 05:25:44,200 --> 05:25:46,520 OR PARADIGMS THAT EXIST AND HE 7539 05:25:46,520 --> 05:25:47,640 BOUGHT FROM APPROACH INSTEAD OF 7540 05:25:47,640 --> 05:25:50,640 UNDOG THINGS ALREADY IN PLACE 7541 05:25:50,640 --> 05:25:53,480 WHY CAN'T WE USE GEROSCIENCE TO 7542 05:25:53,480 --> 05:25:56,200 ENRICH HEALTH CARE APPROACHES 7543 05:25:56,200 --> 05:25:59,200 RATHER THAN REVAMPING THEM AND 7544 05:25:59,200 --> 05:26:00,720 GAVE EXAMPLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR 7545 05:26:00,720 --> 05:26:04,880 DISEASE AND SEEING INCREASE IN 7546 05:26:04,880 --> 05:26:06,880 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 7547 05:26:06,880 --> 05:26:08,880 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TAKING THAT AND 7548 05:26:08,880 --> 05:26:11,320 PUTTING IN CONJUNCTION WITH 7549 05:26:11,320 --> 05:26:12,680 GEROSCIENCE FRAMEWORK COULD 7550 05:26:12,680 --> 05:26:15,280 INCREASE HEALTH SPAN OF PATIENTS 7551 05:26:15,280 --> 05:26:17,520 AND LAST SPEAKER FOR SESSION WAS 7552 05:26:17,520 --> 05:26:19,520 DR. GEORGE WHO I REALLY LIKE THE 7553 05:26:19,520 --> 05:26:21,320 PRESENTATION AS WELL. IT WAS, 7554 05:26:21,320 --> 05:26:23,760 AGAIN, REITERATING THIS POINT WE 7555 05:26:23,760 --> 05:26:26,040 NEED TO WORK TO BRIDGE GAP 7556 05:26:26,040 --> 05:26:27,560 BETWEEN GEROSCIENCE AND WHAT IS 7557 05:26:27,560 --> 05:26:29,880 HAPPENING IN CLINIC WITH 7558 05:26:29,880 --> 05:26:31,920 PRACTITIONERS AND TRADITIONALLY 7559 05:26:31,920 --> 05:26:35,280 GEROSCIENTISTS AND PEOPLE 7560 05:26:35,280 --> 05:26:37,160 PROVIDING JER ON TOLL JI CARE 7561 05:26:37,160 --> 05:26:39,960 EXISTED AND IF ABLE TO BRING 7562 05:26:39,960 --> 05:26:42,560 COMMUNITIES TOGETHER IT ENSURES 7563 05:26:42,560 --> 05:26:44,720 SYNERGY BENEFICIAL IN AGING 7564 05:26:44,720 --> 05:26:46,480 PATIENTS AND WAYS BROUGHT UP IN 7565 05:26:46,480 --> 05:26:48,160 SESSION HOW TO DO THAT AND FOR 7566 05:26:48,160 --> 05:26:49,960 EXAMPLE WOULD BE NICE TO BE MORE 7567 05:26:49,960 --> 05:26:52,320 INTENTIONAL IN MEANING OF TERM 7568 05:26:52,320 --> 05:26:53,480 GEROSCIENCE AND LOVE THAT HE 7569 05:26:53,480 --> 05:26:58,880 GAVE AND SHOWED THAT YOU LOOK IN 7570 05:26:58,880 --> 05:27:00,800 YAM WEBSTER DICTIONARY AND USE 7571 05:27:00,800 --> 05:27:02,360 FREELY IN SESSIONS LIKE THIS AND 7572 05:27:02,360 --> 05:27:05,800 AMONG COLLEAGUES WHEN YOU ARE 7573 05:27:05,800 --> 05:27:07,000 NOT SPEAKING TO SOMEONE THAT MAY 7574 05:27:07,000 --> 05:27:08,640 BE AN EXPERT IN THE FIELD AND 7575 05:27:08,640 --> 05:27:11,120 BEING INTENTIONAL WILL HOW WE 7576 05:27:11,120 --> 05:27:13,200 COIN THAT TERM WILL HELP TO 7577 05:27:13,200 --> 05:27:15,120 BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN TWO 7578 05:27:15,120 --> 05:27:16,360 COMMUNITIES AND ANOTHER THING 7579 05:27:16,360 --> 05:27:17,680 BENEFICIAL IS TO INCREASE AMOUNT 7580 05:27:17,680 --> 05:27:20,240 OF MEANINGFUL OUTCOMES AND 7581 05:27:20,240 --> 05:27:21,640 AMOUNT OF MEANINGFUL 7582 05:27:21,640 --> 05:27:22,960 IMPLEMENTATION THAT IS HAPPENING 7583 05:27:22,960 --> 05:27:27,880 IN CLINIC AND OVERWHELMING DATA 7584 05:27:27,880 --> 05:27:30,360 SHOWING GEROSCIENCE BASED 7585 05:27:30,360 --> 05:27:31,720 PRACTICES ARE BENEFICIAL IN 7586 05:27:31,720 --> 05:27:34,160 CLINIC INCREASING CONVERSATION 7587 05:27:34,160 --> 05:27:35,400 AT LARGE WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT 7588 05:27:35,400 --> 05:27:37,800 AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT IN DAILY 7589 05:27:37,800 --> 05:27:39,320 LIVES AND NEXT MOVING TO DISCUSS 7590 05:27:39,320 --> 05:27:41,320 HOW TO REACH EVERYONE IN THE 7591 05:27:41,320 --> 05:27:42,640 PIPELINE THAT IS IN THE 7592 05:27:42,640 --> 05:27:45,440 CONVERSATION THAT INCLUDES MORE 7593 05:27:45,440 --> 05:27:49,360 THAN JUST A GERONTOLOGIST AND 7594 05:27:49,360 --> 05:27:50,640 THOSE STUDYING -- PEOPLE 7595 05:27:50,640 --> 05:27:52,200 TRADITIONALLY UNAWARE OF THIS 7596 05:27:52,200 --> 05:27:54,040 TERM UNLESS GOING TO EVENT LIKE 7597 05:27:54,040 --> 05:27:56,440 THIS AND HEARING ABOUT IT 7598 05:27:56,440 --> 05:27:57,680 FIRSTHAND AND REACHING EVERYONE 7599 05:27:57,680 --> 05:28:01,400 IN THE PIPELINE IS GREAT WAY TO 7600 05:28:01,400 --> 05:28:04,720 BRING SYNERGY NEED TODAY 7601 05:28:04,720 --> 05:28:06,040 PROGRESS THE FIELD AND DELIVERY 7602 05:28:06,040 --> 05:28:07,720 OF THIS INFORMATION AND 7603 05:28:07,720 --> 05:28:09,360 MENTIONING THINGS COMING ABOUT 7604 05:28:09,360 --> 05:28:10,480 WITH TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDIA 7605 05:28:10,480 --> 05:28:12,480 AND NEW AGE OF SCIENTISTS AND 7606 05:28:12,480 --> 05:28:15,040 NEXT GENERATION IS ACCESSING 7607 05:28:15,040 --> 05:28:16,200 INFORMATION IN A DIFFERENT WAY 7608 05:28:16,200 --> 05:28:19,040 THAN PEOPLE WHO ARE STUDYING 7609 05:28:19,040 --> 05:28:21,240 GEROSCIENCE AT LARGE ARE NOT 7610 05:28:21,240 --> 05:28:23,000 TRADITIONALLY USED TO FINDING 7611 05:28:23,000 --> 05:28:24,720 WAYS TO DIVERSIFY DELIVERING 7612 05:28:24,720 --> 05:28:26,200 CONTENT WILL IMPROVE BETTER IN 7613 05:28:26,200 --> 05:28:28,760 TERMS OF FOSTERING RELATIONSHIP 7614 05:28:28,760 --> 05:28:31,560 BETWEEN GEROSCIENTISTS AND THOSE 7615 05:28:31,560 --> 05:28:33,520 THAT PRACTICE JERONTOLOGY CARE 7616 05:28:33,520 --> 05:28:37,200 AND THANK YOU. PASSING IT TO 7617 05:28:37,200 --> 05:28:38,160 THE NEXT PERSON. 7618 05:28:38,160 --> 05:28:48,680 >>>>THIS IS [INDISCERNIBLE] 7619 05:28:51,280 --> 05:28:56,280 WHO WILL PRESENT ON SESSION 8. 7620 05:28:56,280 --> 05:28:58,080 VIA ZOOM. 7621 05:28:58,080 --> 05:29:08,560 >>HI. ARE MY SLIDES UP? 7622 05:29:12,680 --> 05:29:17,160 >>YES. YOU WANT TO GO FULL 7623 05:29:17,160 --> 05:29:27,600 SCREEN? PRESENTER MODE. 7624 05:29:35,640 --> 05:29:36,760 THERE YOU GO. 7625 05:29:36,760 --> 05:29:37,440 >>EXCELLENT. 7626 05:29:37,440 --> 05:29:40,320 >>OKAY. GREAT. THANK YOU. 7627 05:29:40,320 --> 05:29:43,800 HI. DAISY AND ASSOCIATE 7628 05:29:43,800 --> 05:29:48,680 PROFESSOR AT UC CHAPEL HILL. I 7629 05:29:48,680 --> 05:29:50,600 WILL TALK ABOUT SECTION 8 THAT 7630 05:29:50,600 --> 05:29:52,280 IS CLINICAL TRIALS SPECIFICALLY 7631 05:29:52,280 --> 05:30:01,840 IN GEROSCIENCE. 7632 05:30:01,840 --> 05:30:03,640 MOTIVATION FOR THIS SESSION WAS 7633 05:30:03,640 --> 05:30:07,480 THAT CLINICAL TRIALS FOR THIS 7634 05:30:07,480 --> 05:30:08,680 POPULATION REQUIRE SPECIAL 7635 05:30:08,680 --> 05:30:11,600 ATTENTION AND WE ARE TALKING 7636 05:30:11,600 --> 05:30:12,520 ABOUT INTERVENTIONS THAT EFFECT 7637 05:30:12,520 --> 05:30:19,200 MULTIPLE CONDITIONS OF AGING. 7638 05:30:19,200 --> 05:30:22,800 I WILL TALK ABOUT IT. IT IS 7639 05:30:22,800 --> 05:30:24,600 MORE THAN SINGLE DISEASE MODEL 7640 05:30:24,600 --> 05:30:29,640 AND APPEAR TO BE TWO TESTS TO 7641 05:30:29,640 --> 05:30:32,240 TESTING AGING THERAPEUTICS 7642 05:30:32,240 --> 05:30:34,080 TESTING THEM OR COMBINATION 7643 05:30:34,080 --> 05:30:35,200 AGAINST MULTIPLE CONDITIONS IN 7644 05:30:35,200 --> 05:30:37,680 SERIES OF TRIALS AND TESTING 7645 05:30:37,680 --> 05:30:39,680 EFFECTS OF CONDITIONS AND 7646 05:30:39,680 --> 05:30:41,560 DISEASES REMAINING AGNOSTIC TO 7647 05:30:41,560 --> 05:30:43,120 WHICH THEY ARE AND IMPORTANT TO 7648 05:30:43,120 --> 05:30:46,560 STRUCTURE CLINICAL TRIALS TO BE 7649 05:30:46,560 --> 05:30:48,640 INCLUSIVE INCORPORATING SOCIAL 7650 05:30:48,640 --> 05:30:51,480 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AMONG 7651 05:30:51,480 --> 05:30:53,960 PARAMETERS AND GOALS OF THIS 7652 05:30:53,960 --> 05:30:55,360 SESSION CARRYING OUT GEROSCIENCE 7653 05:30:55,360 --> 05:31:05,800 BASED CLINICAL TRIAL AND 7654 05:31:06,880 --> 05:31:07,680 HIGHLIGH 7655 05:31:07,680 --> 05:31:13,240 HIGHLIGHTING PATHS FORWARD AND 7656 05:31:13,240 --> 05:31:18,320 WE HEARD FROM SARA AND LARA WHO 7657 05:31:18,320 --> 05:31:19,840 TALKED ABOUT TRIAL DESIGN 7658 05:31:19,840 --> 05:31:23,320 MOBILITY AND FRAILTY AND HEATHER 7659 05:31:23,320 --> 05:31:26,560 ABOUT [INDISCERNIBLE] FOR HEALTH 7660 05:31:26,560 --> 05:31:28,440 DISPARITIES AND THESE ARE POINTS 7661 05:31:28,440 --> 05:31:30,240 THAT SEVERAL OF THE SPEAKERS 7662 05:31:30,240 --> 05:31:32,200 MADE AT DIFFERENT POINTS AND I 7663 05:31:32,200 --> 05:31:34,520 PUT THEM ALL TOGETHER AND IT IS 7664 05:31:34,520 --> 05:31:37,160 INTO THIS COMPOSITE SLIDES. 7665 05:31:37,160 --> 05:31:38,720 AND SO SOME OF THE CHALLENGES 7666 05:31:38,720 --> 05:31:40,880 THAT WERE MENTIONED IS THAT 7667 05:31:40,880 --> 05:31:44,200 THERE IS A LOT OF COMPLEXITY IN 7668 05:31:44,200 --> 05:31:45,880 SELECTING BIOLOGICAL AND 7669 05:31:45,880 --> 05:31:47,440 CLINICAL ENDPOINTS FOR EXAMPLE 7670 05:31:47,440 --> 05:31:49,720 DEFINING HEALTH SPAN THERE IS NO 7671 05:31:49,720 --> 05:31:51,520 ACCEPTED DEFINITION AND MARKERS 7672 05:31:51,520 --> 05:31:53,920 MIGHT TRACK WITH BIOLOGICAL AGE 7673 05:31:53,920 --> 05:31:56,760 AND DISEASE RISK THAT IS NOT 7674 05:31:56,760 --> 05:31:59,680 REALLY SUITABLE ENDPOINTS. 7675 05:31:59,680 --> 05:32:03,440 THEY MIGHT ACTUALLY LIKE CHANGE 7676 05:32:03,440 --> 05:32:04,600 IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION WHEN 7677 05:32:04,600 --> 05:32:08,200 YOU HAVE INTERVENTION THAT 7678 05:32:08,200 --> 05:32:10,400 ACTUALLY DECREASES DISEASE RISK 7679 05:32:10,400 --> 05:32:12,640 AND OTHER CHALLENGES INCLUDE 7680 05:32:12,640 --> 05:32:14,680 THINGS LIKE AGEISM AND ONE OF 7681 05:32:14,680 --> 05:32:18,680 THE SPEAKERS SPOKE ABOUT THERE 7682 05:32:18,680 --> 05:32:20,680 BEING AGISM EVEN IN HOW WE TALK 7683 05:32:20,680 --> 05:32:25,320 ABOUT ANTIAGING TREATMENTS OR 7684 05:32:25,320 --> 05:32:26,240 ANTIAGING INTERVENTIONS AND HOW 7685 05:32:26,240 --> 05:32:28,280 THIS COULD BE A PROBLEM NOT ONLY 7686 05:32:28,280 --> 05:32:31,080 IN -- YOU KNOW, IN TRYING TO 7687 05:32:31,080 --> 05:32:33,480 HELP PEOPLE AND ADDRESSING 7688 05:32:33,480 --> 05:32:36,240 STAKEHOLDERS AND WE HAVE 7689 05:32:36,240 --> 05:32:39,400 POPULATION THAT IS VERY COMPLEX 7690 05:32:39,400 --> 05:32:42,080 AND DIF VERSE ON MANY LEVELS AND 7691 05:32:42,080 --> 05:32:44,200 AT SAME TIME WE HAVE A HISTORY 7692 05:32:44,200 --> 05:32:47,400 OF STUDY FINDINGS HAVING A LACK 7693 05:32:47,400 --> 05:32:49,920 OF GENERALIZABILITY DUE TO 7694 05:32:49,920 --> 05:32:51,320 POPULATIONS NO THE BEING DIVERSE 7695 05:32:51,320 --> 05:32:51,800 ENOUGH. 7696 05:32:51,800 --> 05:32:54,240 WHILE LOTS OF THEM AGREED THAT 7697 05:32:54,240 --> 05:32:56,120 THIS MODEL MIGHT NOT WORK FOR 7698 05:32:56,120 --> 05:32:57,920 THIS POPULATION, THERE IS 7699 05:32:57,920 --> 05:32:59,000 CONCERNS THAT FIELD MIGHT NOT BE 7700 05:32:59,000 --> 05:33:02,760 READY TO ENTIRELY FOCUS ON -- ON 7701 05:33:02,760 --> 05:33:05,120 ENDPOINTS THAT ARE SUCH AS 7702 05:33:05,120 --> 05:33:06,600 HEALTHSPAN AND THAT ARE NOT -- 7703 05:33:06,600 --> 05:33:09,920 YOU KNOW, MIGHT NOT BE AS 7704 05:33:09,920 --> 05:33:13,040 WELL-DEFINED AND ARE SUBJECTIVE 7705 05:33:13,040 --> 05:33:15,240 AND THERE IS -- SO, WE ACTUALLY 7706 05:33:15,240 --> 05:33:18,240 MAY NEED TO GO BACKING TO SINGLE 7707 05:33:18,240 --> 05:33:20,680 DISEASE MODEL FOR SOME ASPECTS 7708 05:33:20,680 --> 05:33:24,680 AND HAVE AN ITERATIVE PROCESS TO 7709 05:33:24,680 --> 05:33:29,440 GET TO A BETTER LEVEL OF 7710 05:33:29,440 --> 05:33:30,720 KNOWLEDGE. 7711 05:33:30,720 --> 05:33:32,120 CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN AND 7712 05:33:32,120 --> 05:33:34,200 CHOICE OF ENDPOINTS POPULATIONS 7713 05:33:34,200 --> 05:33:35,760 IN CLINICAL TRIALS ARE VERY 7714 05:33:35,760 --> 05:33:39,120 SIMILAR TO CLINICAL TRIALS. 7715 05:33:39,120 --> 05:33:42,480 SO, LIKE REALLY IN ANY FIELD, 7716 05:33:42,480 --> 05:33:47,000 IT IS -- THINGS WILL DEPEND ON 7717 05:33:47,000 --> 05:33:48,960 FACTORS LIKE AGING THAT IS BEING 7718 05:33:48,960 --> 05:33:52,120 TESTED AND POTENTIAL MECHANISM 7719 05:33:52,120 --> 05:33:55,280 AND TRIAL PHASE AND SCALE AND IF 7720 05:33:55,280 --> 05:34:00,240 YOU HAVE A PILOT MECHANISTIC OR 7721 05:34:00,240 --> 05:34:03,760 EFFICACY STUDY AND PRAGMATIC 7722 05:34:03,760 --> 05:34:06,800 TRIAL YOU WILL HAVE DIFFERENT 7723 05:34:06,800 --> 05:34:07,640 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE POPULATIONS 7724 05:34:07,640 --> 05:34:11,880 THAT YOU ARE GOING TO INCLUDE 7725 05:34:11,880 --> 05:34:14,400 AND INCLUSION EXCLUSION CRITERIA 7726 05:34:14,400 --> 05:34:16,480 AS WELL AS HOW MUCH OR HOW MANY 7727 05:34:16,480 --> 05:34:19,400 THINGS YOU WILL WANT TO MEASURE 7728 05:34:19,400 --> 05:34:23,040 LIKE THE FOCUS OF THE RESEARCH. 7729 05:34:23,040 --> 05:34:27,840 THE LENGTH OF TRIAL WILL ALSO 7730 05:34:27,840 --> 05:34:29,680 DETERMINE WHICH A LOT OF THE 7731 05:34:29,680 --> 05:34:32,080 DECISIONS THAT WE HAVE TO MAKE 7732 05:34:32,080 --> 05:34:34,480 AVAILABLE FUNDING AND EXPERTISE 7733 05:34:34,480 --> 05:34:36,760 AND IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TOO. 7734 05:34:36,760 --> 05:34:43,600 THE PRELIMINARY DATA FOR 7735 05:34:43,600 --> 05:34:44,960 PRELIMINARY DATA THAT IS 7736 05:34:44,960 --> 05:34:49,400 IMPORTANT. YOU -- IT HELPS TO 7737 05:34:49,400 --> 05:34:52,200 DO FUNDING AND ALSO -- IT ALSO 7738 05:34:52,200 --> 05:34:54,200 MEANS THAT A LOT OF THE 7739 05:34:54,200 --> 05:34:56,040 ENDPOINTS THAT ARE BEING USED 7740 05:34:56,040 --> 05:34:57,360 ARE THINGS THAT YOU PROBABLY 7741 05:34:57,360 --> 05:34:59,160 HAVE USED BEFORE OR OTHER 7742 05:34:59,160 --> 05:35:01,920 RESEARCHERS HAVE USED BEFORE. 7743 05:35:01,920 --> 05:35:06,840 WE OFTEN SEE LIKE FRAILTY 7744 05:35:06,840 --> 05:35:14,120 INDICES OR DIFFERENT SURROGATE 7745 05:35:14,120 --> 05:35:15,960 MARKERS USED FOR OTHERS AND 7746 05:35:15,960 --> 05:35:17,920 COMPARABILITY AND THERE IS A WAY 7747 05:35:17,920 --> 05:35:20,800 TO JUSTIFY THINGS LIKE SAMPLE 7748 05:35:20,800 --> 05:35:23,360 SIZE CALCULATIONS AND ANOTHER 7749 05:35:23,360 --> 05:35:26,040 CONSIDERATION WOULD BE WHAT 7750 05:35:26,040 --> 05:35:29,360 MATTERS MOST TO PATIENTS. 7751 05:35:29,360 --> 05:35:31,360 OFTEN TIMES WE SEE WHAT OR STUDY 7752 05:35:31,360 --> 05:35:36,000 WHAT MATTERS MOST TO US AS 7753 05:35:36,000 --> 05:35:36,320 RESEARCHERS. 7754 05:35:36,320 --> 05:35:38,840 WE MAY NEED TO PAY MORE 7755 05:35:38,840 --> 05:35:40,240 ATTENTION TO THINGS THAT MATTER 7756 05:35:40,240 --> 05:35:46,120 MONTHEST TO PATIENTS AND OTHER 7757 05:35:46,120 --> 05:35:46,480 STAKEHOLDERS. 7758 05:35:46,480 --> 05:35:52,200 IN A NUTSHELL GEROSCIENCE TRIALS 7759 05:35:52,200 --> 05:35:53,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] AND NO THE MANY 7760 05:35:53,760 --> 05:35:55,000 RECOMMENDATIONS COULD BE MADE 7761 05:35:55,000 --> 05:35:57,000 ACROSS THE BOARD INSTEAD THEY 7762 05:35:57,000 --> 05:35:59,720 CAN BE, YOU KNOW, VERY LOOSE 7763 05:35:59,720 --> 05:36:01,600 GUIDELINES THAT WILL REALLY 7764 05:36:01,600 --> 05:36:03,560 DEPEND A LOT ON THE FACTORS THAT 7765 05:36:03,560 --> 05:36:09,680 I JUST DESCRIBED. 7766 05:36:09,680 --> 05:36:10,960 HOWEVER, FOR SPECIFIC 7767 05:36:10,960 --> 05:36:12,080 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT CAME OUT OF 7768 05:36:12,080 --> 05:36:14,320 THE TALKS, HERE WE GO. THEY ARE 7769 05:36:14,320 --> 05:36:17,680 NEED FOR IMPROVED OR 7770 05:36:17,680 --> 05:36:21,440 STANDARDIZED ENDPOINTS AND 7771 05:36:21,440 --> 05:36:22,120 SURROGATES THAT COULD CHANGE 7772 05:36:22,120 --> 05:36:26,800 WITH INTERVENTIONS AND 7773 05:36:26,800 --> 05:36:29,360 TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENCE 7774 05:36:29,360 --> 05:36:30,720 NETWORK WORKING ON 7775 05:36:30,720 --> 05:36:32,520 GERODIAGNOSTICS THAT ARE USING A 7776 05:36:32,520 --> 05:36:37,040 LOT OF DIFFERENT MARKERS AND I 7777 05:36:37,040 --> 05:36:42,040 THINK THEY HAVE 41 CLINICAL 7778 05:36:42,040 --> 05:36:42,440 TRIALS. 7779 05:36:42,440 --> 05:36:44,040 RIGHT NOW PURPOSE IS TO TEST A 7780 05:36:44,040 --> 05:36:48,880 LOT OF THINGS AT ONCE. AND USE 7781 05:36:48,880 --> 05:36:53,320 DATA TO GENERATE BETTER 7782 05:36:53,320 --> 05:36:55,120 BIOMARKERS AND THERE IS AN 7783 05:36:55,120 --> 05:36:56,840 AGREEMENT THAT MEASURING 7784 05:36:56,840 --> 05:37:03,400 SECONDARY OUTCOMES WOULD BE 7785 05:37:03,400 --> 05:37:03,840 USE 7786 05:37:03,840 --> 05:37:04,080 USEFUL. 7787 05:37:04,080 --> 05:37:06,000 IN A CLINICAL TRIAL YOU CHOOSE 7788 05:37:06,000 --> 05:37:08,200 AND HAVE TO BE SELECTIVE WHAT 7789 05:37:08,200 --> 05:37:09,920 PRIMARY OUTCOMES ARE AND BEING 7790 05:37:09,920 --> 05:37:12,840 ABLE TO MEASURE DIFFERENT THINGS 7791 05:37:12,840 --> 05:37:15,040 AND IN TRACK, WHAT CHANGES? YOU 7792 05:37:15,040 --> 05:37:17,680 DON'T KNOW WHAT WILL CHANGE. IT 7793 05:37:17,680 --> 05:37:21,440 MIGHT BE BETTER THAT AN 7794 05:37:21,440 --> 05:37:24,200 INTERVENTION OR AGENT CAN -- IS 7795 05:37:24,200 --> 05:37:26,080 NOT EFFECTIVE FOR SOMETHING AND 7796 05:37:26,080 --> 05:37:28,200 IN YOUR SECONDARY OUTCOMES WHEN 7797 05:37:28,200 --> 05:37:30,360 YOU ANALYZE DATA YOU REALIZE IT 7798 05:37:30,360 --> 05:37:32,800 WAS ACTUALLY VERY IMPORTANT FOR 7799 05:37:32,800 --> 05:37:36,240 SOMETHING ELSE THAT COULD INFORM 7800 05:37:36,240 --> 05:37:38,080 THE NEXT TRIAL AND BE. 7801 05:37:38,080 --> 05:37:42,160 IT COULD BE A WAY TO HAVE MORE 7802 05:37:42,160 --> 05:37:44,840 COMPARABLE DATA WITH OTHER 7803 05:37:44,840 --> 05:37:48,360 CLINICAL TRIALS. 7804 05:37:48,360 --> 05:37:53,880 LISTENING TO STAKEHOLDERS WAS A 7805 05:37:53,880 --> 05:37:54,520 BIG MESSAGE. 7806 05:37:54,520 --> 05:37:57,320 THAT INCLUDES NOT JUST PATIENTS 7807 05:37:57,320 --> 05:38:02,320 BUT OTHER, YOU KNOW, BROADER 7808 05:38:02,320 --> 05:38:04,000 STAKEHOLDERS. 7809 05:38:04,000 --> 05:38:06,600 AND BEING MINDFUL OF AGEISM, 7810 05:38:06,600 --> 05:38:09,080 AGAIN, AND HOW WE TALK ABOUT THE 7811 05:38:09,080 --> 05:38:14,800 BENEFITS OR NEEDS FOR ANTIAGING 7812 05:38:14,800 --> 05:38:19,400 TREATMENTS. 7813 05:38:19,400 --> 05:38:21,920 A BIG -- A VERY LARGE COMPONENT 7814 05:38:21,920 --> 05:38:24,000 OF RECOMMENDATIONS THAT FOCUSED 7815 05:38:24,000 --> 05:38:26,400 ON BUILDING HEALTH EQUITY INTO 7816 05:38:26,400 --> 05:38:29,120 THE DESIGN CONDUCT AND ANALYSIS 7817 05:38:29,120 --> 05:38:31,440 OF A TRIAL. 7818 05:38:31,440 --> 05:38:33,640 AND THESE ARE SOME EXAMPLES FOR 7819 05:38:33,640 --> 05:38:35,120 EXAMPLE BEING EXPLICIT IN SAMPLE 7820 05:38:35,120 --> 05:38:37,040 SIZE JUSTIFICATIONS THAT ARE 7821 05:38:37,040 --> 05:38:40,960 REGARDING HEALTH EQUITY THAT 7822 05:38:40,960 --> 05:38:47,480 MEANS NOT -- NOT ONLY -- OR 7823 05:38:47,480 --> 05:38:52,200 MOVING AWAY FROM A SAMPLE BASED 7824 05:38:52,200 --> 05:38:57,280 ON CONVENIENCE AND BEING MORE 7825 05:38:57,280 --> 05:38:59,920 DELIBERATE ABOUT POPULATIONS 7826 05:38:59,920 --> 05:39:02,040 THAT ARE RECRUITED AND 7827 05:39:02,040 --> 05:39:03,480 CONSIDERING STRATIFIED 7828 05:39:03,480 --> 05:39:05,760 RANDOMIZATION ON HEALTH EBBING 7829 05:39:05,760 --> 05:39:07,920 WITHIT RELEVANT PARAMETERS AND 7830 05:39:07,920 --> 05:39:11,840 TO DO THIS WE NEED TO HAVE 7831 05:39:11,840 --> 05:39:15,080 ADEQUATE SAMPLE SIZE. 7832 05:39:15,080 --> 05:39:18,840 ONLY -- IT DOES REQUIRE 7833 05:39:18,840 --> 05:39:22,520 ENLISTING AT EXPERTISE OF 7834 05:39:22,520 --> 05:39:24,520 STATISTICIANS THAT WERE ABLE TO 7835 05:39:24,520 --> 05:39:26,840 -- YOU KNOW. TO CALCULATE 7836 05:39:26,840 --> 05:39:29,360 SAMPLE SIZE APPROPRIATELY AND BE 7837 05:39:29,360 --> 05:39:34,880 ALSO ABLE TO DO ANALYSIS AS -- 7838 05:39:34,880 --> 05:39:38,200 YOU KNOW BASED ON MOST UP TO 7839 05:39:38,200 --> 05:39:39,680 DATE METHODS. 7840 05:39:39,680 --> 05:39:43,560 FINALLY MONITORING AND REPORTING 7841 05:39:43,560 --> 05:39:48,200 DIFFERENTIAL RISK BENEFIT AS 7842 05:39:48,200 --> 05:39:50,000 CROSS EQUITY HEALTH RELEVANT 7843 05:39:50,000 --> 05:39:56,160 GROUPS AND THAT IS THE END. 7844 05:39:56,160 --> 05:39:56,440 THANK YOU. 7845 05:39:56,440 --> 05:40:03,800 >>GRATITUDE GOES TO THE PEOPLE 7846 05:40:03,800 --> 05:40:07,200 THAT PRESENTED THESE SUMMARIES. 7847 05:40:07,200 --> 05:40:09,400 NOT A SIMPLE TASK AND IT IS 7848 05:40:09,400 --> 05:40:10,520 RATHER DIFFICULT AND WHETHER YOU 7849 05:40:10,520 --> 05:40:13,320 DID IT FOR ALL CONCERNED. 7850 05:40:13,320 --> 05:40:17,040 JUST TO WRAP UP, I WOULD LICK TO 7851 05:40:17,040 --> 05:40:19,480 REMIND EVEN THAT IN SCIENCE, WE 7852 05:40:19,480 --> 05:40:22,600 -- IN ALL WALKS OF SCIENCE, WE 7853 05:40:22,600 --> 05:40:24,080 COLLECT INFORMATION AND TRY TO 7854 05:40:24,080 --> 05:40:25,280 INTERPRET IT AND TRY TO 7855 05:40:25,280 --> 05:40:29,480 COMMUNICATE IT TO OUR PEERS. 7856 05:40:29,480 --> 05:40:31,880 IN GEROSCIENCE WE POINTED OUT 7857 05:40:31,880 --> 05:40:33,200 REPEATEDLY THAT WE HAVE TO 7858 05:40:33,200 --> 05:40:35,000 GATHER INFORMATION THAT MEANS WE 7859 05:40:35,000 --> 05:40:36,480 CAN BEGIN WITH LISTENING TO 7860 05:40:36,480 --> 05:40:38,240 PEOPLE WHO WE HOPE WILL BENEFIT 7861 05:40:38,240 --> 05:40:43,120 FROM THE WORK THAT WE ARE DOING. 7862 05:40:43,120 --> 05:40:46,920 WE HAVE TO HAVE INFORMATION IN 7863 05:40:46,920 --> 05:40:50,280 WAYS THAT ARE ATTRACTABLE 7864 05:40:50,280 --> 05:40:51,480 SCIENTIFICALLY IN REALMS OF 7865 05:40:51,480 --> 05:40:54,640 SCIENCE AND HAVE TO BE ABLE TO 7866 05:40:54,640 --> 05:40:55,600 COMMUNICATE THAT TO PEOPLE THAT 7867 05:40:55,600 --> 05:40:58,920 WE THINK WOULD BENEFIT FROM IT 7868 05:40:58,920 --> 05:41:02,840 IN WAYS THAT ARE RESPONSIVE NOT 7869 05:41:02,840 --> 05:41:04,680 JUST WAYS THAT WE THINK ARE 7870 05:41:04,680 --> 05:41:05,440 NECESSARY. 7871 05:41:05,440 --> 05:41:07,640 ON THE TOPIC OF -- I THINK WE 7872 05:41:07,640 --> 05:41:09,040 WILL DO THAT AND THINK THAT PART 7873 05:41:09,040 --> 05:41:14,560 OF WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE IS 7874 05:41:14,560 --> 05:41:16,200 THAT PEOPLE FROM WIDELY 7875 05:41:16,200 --> 05:41:17,200 DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES IN SCIENCE 7876 05:41:17,200 --> 05:41:19,320 HAVE COME TOGETHER TO THINK 7877 05:41:19,320 --> 05:41:20,920 ABOUT THE SAME QUESTIONS. 7878 05:41:20,920 --> 05:41:22,600 AND TO EXCHANGE HOW WE THINK 7879 05:41:22,600 --> 05:41:24,120 ABOUT THOSE QUESTIONS AND WHAT 7880 05:41:24,120 --> 05:41:25,560 WE CAN DO GOING FORWARD. 7881 05:41:25,560 --> 05:41:31,800 I WOULD LIKE TO IN THE 7882 05:41:31,800 --> 05:41:33,320 STORYTELLING REALM JUST TO TELL 7883 05:41:33,320 --> 05:41:35,520 A SHORT STORY ABOUT AGEISM. 7884 05:41:35,520 --> 05:41:39,920 IT IS ANECDOTAL MEANING IT 7885 05:41:39,920 --> 05:41:41,480 HAPPENED TO ME. 7886 05:41:41,480 --> 05:41:43,320 30 YEARS AGO WITH MY OLDER 7887 05:41:43,320 --> 05:41:47,320 CHILDREN WHO WERE AT THAT TIME 7888 05:41:47,320 --> 05:41:49,760 TEENS AND PRETEENS AND WE WOULD 7889 05:41:49,760 --> 05:41:51,720 BE OUT AND ABOUT TOGETHER. 7890 05:41:51,720 --> 05:41:53,840 PEOPLE THOUGHT I WAS THEIR 7891 05:41:53,840 --> 05:41:55,200 GRANDFATHER. THAT DID NOT JUST 7892 05:41:55,200 --> 05:41:58,040 EFFECT ME BUT EFFECTED THEM. 7893 05:41:58,040 --> 05:42:00,320 AGISM DOESN'T JUST IMPACT THE 7894 05:42:00,320 --> 05:42:01,960 OLDER PERSON. IT EFFECTS THE 7895 05:42:01,960 --> 05:42:03,880 PEOPLE AROUND THEM. 7896 05:42:03,880 --> 05:42:06,280 HOW AGISM MAKES A PERSON FEEL 7897 05:42:06,280 --> 05:42:09,440 BAD AND HOW IT MAKES THOSE THAT 7898 05:42:09,440 --> 05:42:10,920 ARE INTERACTING WITH THEM AND 7899 05:42:10,920 --> 05:42:12,080 THEIR FAMILIES FEEL THE SAME 7900 05:42:12,080 --> 05:42:12,400 WAY. 7901 05:42:12,400 --> 05:42:14,920 POINT OF THE STORY IS NOT HOW 7902 05:42:14,920 --> 05:42:17,640 BAD I FELT OR HOW I PUT OFF MY 7903 05:42:17,640 --> 05:42:19,000 KIDS BUT IT IS A DEMONSTRATION 7904 05:42:19,000 --> 05:42:21,800 OF AGING THAT IS REVERSIBLE. 7905 05:42:21,800 --> 05:42:24,640 WHEN THEY BECAME ADULTS, NO ONE 7906 05:42:24,640 --> 05:42:26,360 ASKED ME IF I WAS THEIR 7907 05:42:26,360 --> 05:42:27,320 GRANDFATHER AND TAKE IT AS 7908 05:42:27,320 --> 05:42:29,200 EVIDENCE THAT AGING IS 7909 05:42:29,200 --> 05:42:30,760 REVERSIBLE. THANKS ALL FOR YOUR 7910 05:42:30,760 --> 05:42:32,360 ATTENTION AND FOR ATTENDING THE 7911 05:42:32,360 --> 05:42:33,760 MEETING AND WISH YOU ALL THE 7912 05:42:33,760 --> 05:42:36,880 BEST IN YOUR TRAVELS AND IN YOUR 7913 05:42:36,880 --> 05:42:39,000 WORK. THANK YOU. 7914 05:42:39,000 --> 00:00:00,000 >>[APPLAUSE].