MY NAME IS AMIT MISTRY AND I WORK AT THE FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER. WELCOME TO OUR PROGRAM ON LESSONS FROM THE FIELD. TODAY'S EVENT IS PART OF THE LAUNCH OF CASE STUDIES AND RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN TWO JOURNALS. THE COLLECTION IS AVAILABLE FOR REVIEW AT THE LINK SHOWN HERE AND WILL BE PUT IN THE CHAT BOX. WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT THIS COLLECTION IS THEY GO BEYOND DESCRIBING A RESEARCH STUDY AND FOCUS ON WHY THE RESEARCH WAS IMPORTANT AND HOW IT WAS CONDUCTED. SO WE REALLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE COLLECTION. THERE IS ALSO AN DIRECTORY PAPER THAT WILL HELP YOU NAVIGATE WHICH INCLUDES MORE THAN 20 PAPERS AND TODAY IS THE SECOND IN A SERIES OF FOUR SESSIONS RELATED TO THE LAUNCH OF THIS COLLECTION. YESTERDAY'S PROGRAM FEATURED A SAMPLING OF SOME OF THE CASES FROM THE COLLECTION. AND IF YOU MISSED YESTERDAY'S PROGRAM IT WAS RECORDED AND WILL BE AVAILABLE ON-LINE IN A FEW DAYS. TODAY'S PROGRAM WILL FOCUS ON SEVERAL CROSSCUTTING THEMES THAT HAVE EMERGED ACROSS THE COLLECTION. SPECIFICALLY AROUND COMMUNITIES, PARTNERSHIP AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION. WE ALSO HOPE YOU'LL JOIN US TOMORROW FOR A SESSION FOCUSED ON FOUR SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES RELATED TO THE CRISIS IN SYRIA AND THEN THURSDAY WE'LL CONCLUDE WITH A LOOK FORWARD AT THE FUTURE OF THE FIELD. ON OUR AGENDA TODAY IS AS FOLLOWS. AFTER MY INTRODUCTION WE'LL HEAR FROM FOUR PANELIST. THE MAJORITY ARE PART OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE THAT OVERSAW THE COLLECTION OF THIS -- OF THESE CASE STUDIES AND PART OF A STEERING COMMITTEE THAT IS PART OF A FUTURE PROGRAM THAT WE'RE WORKING ON. FIRST IS IMAN NUWAYHID AND FOLLOWED BY DONAL O'MATHUNA. HE WILL BE FOLLOWED BY YOKE OH VANDER MUELLER AND THEN BY ABDI CALANDDALWAR. I'LL EXPLAIN MORE ABOUT HOW IT WORKS AT 10:30 BUT TO GIVE YOU A PREVIEW THESE BREAK OUTS ARE AN OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE PANELIST IN A LESS FORMAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN A SMALLER ZOOM ROOM MEETING. YOU'LL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO NETWORK WITH EACH OTHER DURING THIS TIME. I'D LIKE TO SHARE A FEW LOGISTICAL TIPS TO HELP YOU HAVE A GOOD EXPERIENCE TODAY. PLEASE NOTE THAT TODAY'S EVENT IS BEING RECORDED AND THE SLIDES WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE WHO REGISTERED BY E-MAIL. YOU'LL ALSO NOTICE THAT YOUR VIDEO AND MICROPHONES HAVE BEEN TURNED OFF BECAUSE OF THE SIZE OF OUR AUDIENCE TODAY. THEY WILL BE AVAILABLE DURING THE BREAK OUTS. WE ENCOURAGE YOU THROUGHOUT THE PROGRAM TO USE THE CHAT FEATURE WITHIN ZOOM TO SUBMIT QUESTIONS AT ANY TIME AND WE'LL BRING THOSE UP AGAIN DURING THE Q&A. IF YOU HAVE ANY TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES PLEASE CONTACT ARENA EITHER IN ZOOM OR AT THIS E-MAIL ADDRESS SHOWN HERE AND SHE WILL BE ABLE TO HELP YOU. AS OUR FIRST SPEAKER GETS HIS CAMERA AND SLIDES READY I'LL GIVE HIM A BRIEF INTRODUCTION. OUR FIRST SPEAKER IS IMAN NUWAYHID. HE WAS THE DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES THERE FOR ABOUT 12 YEARS. HE HAS BEEN A WONDERFUL PARTNER TO US HERE AT FOGARTY AS THE SCIENTIFIC COCHAIR FOR OUR PROJECT AND ALSO AS A KEY PART OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE THAT OVERSAW THE COLLECTION THAT WE'RE DISCUSSING TODAY. HE IS THE COEDITOR OF A LANDMARK -- ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE ARAB WORLD AND HE ALSO COCHAIRS THE COMMISSION ON SYRIA. DR. NUWAYHID IS A LEADER IN PUBLIC HEALTH. A RESPECTED VOICE OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH AND A SERIOUS CHAMPION OF HEALTH RESEARCH AND HUMA HUE -- HUMANITARIAN SITES. THANK YOU. >> THANK YOU, AMIT FOR YOUR KIND WORDS AND IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE AND WORK WITH YOU ON THE TEAM AT FOGARTY. AND TODAY I HAVE THE PLEASURE AND HONOR ACTUALLY TO MODERATE THIS SESSION. THAT LOOKS AND EXAMINES THE CROSSCUTTING THEMES OF THE DIFFERENT CASE STUDIES AND BEYOND. WHAT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED SO LET ME PUT THIS IN PRESENTATION MODE FIRST. SO FOR THOSE WHO ATTENDED YESTERDAY'S PANEL -- SUMMARIZE WHAT THIS COLLECTION IS ALL ABOUT. STUDIES IN 27 COUNTRIES THAT COVER DIFFERENT HEALTH TOPICS AND THEY -- ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE ALL OVER THE WORLD. SO LOOK AT THE MAP. THEY ARE ALL OVER THE WORLD. ONE THING TO KEEP IN MIND AS I MOVE INTO THE NEXT SLIDE THAT I BORROWED FROM MY COLLEAGUE BRANDON -- WHO YESTERDAY STRESSED THE WHOLE POINT OF THE NEED TO FOR TO INCLUDE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITY IN THE RESEARCH IN THE ACTIVITY FROM THE SORT OF THE STARTING POINT FROM THE POINT OF ASKING THE QUESTION AND THE SUMMATION SHOULD BE CARRIED THROUGHOUT THE RESEARCH UNTIL IT'S SORT OF FINDINGS AND SHARING OF THE FINDINGS. THE FOCUS OF TODAY'S PANELS ACTUALLY TO TAKE THESE CONCEPTS AND EXPAND ON THEM AND DISCUSS THE CHALLENGES AND THE OPPORTUNITIES ALSO THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THEM. AND THE REASON THAT I STRESS THE MAP ITSELF BECAUSE IT'S IMPORTANT WHEN WE ARE LOOKING AT THE HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH OR RESEARCH IN THE CRISIS IS TO REMEMBER THE CONTEXT. THE SETTING WITHIN WHICH MOST OF THIS RESEARCH IS TAKING PLACE AND MOST OF THIS RESEARCH IS TAKING PLACE IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES. AND I MIGHT BE GENERALIZING HERE BUT I'M WILLING TO TAKE THE RISK. IN MOST OF THESE COUNTRIES THESE COUNTRIES SUFFER FROM POOR GOVERNORS, LACK OF UNACCOUNTABILITY, POVERTY IS COMMON. DEFINITELY THERE IS A LOT OF INEQUALITIES AND INEQUITIES THERE. MANY COMPETING HEALTH PRIORITIES AND INSTITUTIONS ARE WEEK AND THIS INCLUDES HEALTH AND EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ARE UNDER SOUREDDED AND WAKE * AND GENERALLY SPEAKING NO INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH. THIS IS THE SETTING IN WHICH CRISIS ARE TAKING PLACE. SO THIS IS A CRIES THAT IS WILL IMPACT A COUNTRY WITH ALL OF THESE SORT OF -- ALREADY DISADVANTAGED SITUATIONS. AND THIS CRISIS ARE GOING TO IMPACT FURTHER THE HEALTH PRIORITIES THAT ARE GOING TO UNDERMINE THE INSTITUTIONS AND EDUCATION AND SOCIAL AND HEALTH AND DEFINITELY WOULD PUSH THE RESOURCES AWAY FROM RESEARCH AND AWAY FROM EDUCATION TO SUPPORT THOSE IN NEED. AND SO IT'S IMPORTANT TO KEEP THAT IN MIND AND ALSO TO REMEMBER THAT RESEARCHERS IN THESE COUNTRIES AND THEIR INSTITUTIONS ARE ALSO PERHAPS ARE UNDER RESOURCED AND DO NOT HAVE THE CAPACITY IS NOT WELL BUILT AND FOR EXAMPLE YESTERDAY THE WHOLE POINT OF LACK OF GRANT MANAGEMENT OFFICES AND UNITS IN THE UNIVERSITIES WAS DISCUSSED. SO, IT'S NOT ONLY ONE CRISIS. TYPICALLY IN MOST OF THESE COUNTRIES YOU HAVE MULTIPLE CLASSES AND THEY ARE -- IT'S NOT ONLY ADDING TO THE IMPACT THERE IS A LOT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THESE TWO CRISIS SO WE'RE TALKING IN MOST OF THE CASES IN LEBANON FOR EXAMPLE THE CRISIS IS POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AND REFUGEES AND ALL OF THAT. SO HAVE CONQUER EXCEP CONCURRENT CRISISES. AND THERE IS A FEEDBACK AND UNFORTUNATELY IT'S A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK BECAUSE AS YOU'RE LOSING SOME OF WHAT YOU'VE BUILT OVER THE YEARS THIS CRISIS IS ACCUMULATING AND DEFINITELY HAVING MORE IMPACT ON PEOPLE AND THE QUALITY OF RESEARCH OR EVEN OPPORTUNITY FOR RESEARCH. OTHER THING THAT WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND IS TIME. NOT ONLY THAT THESE COUNTRIES ARE LIVING AND FACING CONCURRENT CRISIS THEY GO ON AND ON AND THEY BUILD NEW CRISIS AS YOU MOVE FORWARD. SO IT IS WITHIN THIS CONTEXT THAT OUR THREE PANELISTS WILL TALK ABOUT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. AND THE FACT THAT -- THE CHALLENGES. I THINK ALL OF US WILL AGREE THAT THIS IS A GIVEN. WE SHOULD ENGAGE THE COMMUNITIES AND PARTNER WITHIN AND OUTSIDE AND WE NEED TO TAKE THE RESEARCH AND RESEARCH FINDINGS FORWARD TO IMPACT POLICY AND PRACTICE. THIS IS GOING TO BE THE FOCUS OF THIS PANEL. OUR FIRST SPEAKER I WILL INTRODUCE ALL OF THEM LATER SO OUR FIRST SPEAKER DONAL O'MATHUNA WILL TALK ABOUT THE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND THE QUESTIONS THAT COME TO MIND. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY -- DO LOCAL RESEARCHERS REPRESENT THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AND HOW CAN THEY BE INVOLVED AND WHAT HEALTH CALL CHALLENGES SHOULD THEY BE AWARE OF? THESE ARE SOME SOME OF THE QUESTIONS ADDRESSED IN THE PRESENTATION AND LATER IN THE Q&A SITUATION. THEN WE'LL TALK ABOUT PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESEARCH AND HOW CHALLENGING IS IT TO BUILD LONG-TERM COOPERATION. WHAT CRITERIA SHOULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE PROPER RESEARCH OH ORDE--COORDINATORS. AND OUR FIRST SPEAKER WILL BE -- -- ABDI DALWAR. THE QUESTION WILL BE HOW CAN WE ENSURE THAT THE RESEARCH FINDINGS GET BACK TO THE COMMUNITIES AND IMPACT THEIR LIVES. WITH THAT I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE THE FIRST PANELIST. OUR FIRST PANELIST WILL TALK ABOUT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT -- PROFESSOR DONAL O'MATHUNA AND I WOULD LIKE TO DONAL TO START SHARING YOUR PRESENTATION. SO DR. O'MATHUNA HAS AN INTERESTING EDUCATION AND BACKGROUND. HE ACTUALLY STUDIED SCIENCES BUT HE ALSO STUDIED THEOLOGY. SO HE IS BRINGING THESE TWO THINGS TOGETHER. HE IS CURRENTLY AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING. HE ALSO A VISITING PROFESSOR OF ETHICS AT THE UNIVERSITY -- IN ITALY AND ALSO THE DIRECTOR FOR THE CENTER OF DISASTER AND ETHICS. HIS RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ETHICAL ISSUES AND DISASTERS AND HUMANITARIAN CRISIS. HE HAS LED MANY RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMS IN AFGHANISTAN AND SOUTH SUDAN. HE LED A COST ACTION ON DISASTER AND CONTRIBUTED TO DIFFERENT ETHICS INITIATIVES WITH THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. AND IN ADDITION TO THE NUMEROUS PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES AND BOOKS HE HAS DEVELOPED PRACTICAL TOOLS TO HELP RESEARCHERS FACILITATE AND REFLECT THE WHOLE ISSUES OF ETHICAL ISSUES THE ISSUES OF ETHICS IN HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH. THE FLOOR IS YOURS. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH IMAN. I APPRECIATE YOUR COMMENTS THERE AND I WOULD LIKE TO OVERVIEW SOME OF THE THINGS AROUND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. THAT AS WE'VE NOTED FOR TODAY THESE ARE ACROSS CUTTING SET OF ISSUES AND SO WHAT I THINK YOU'LL SEE IF YOU WERE WITH US YESTERDAY THAT THERE ARE EXAMPLES OF HOW PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ADDRESSING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN MANY IF NOT MOST OF THE CASE STUDIES THAT ARE PART OF THIS INITIATIVE. AND THE PRESENTATIONS YESTERDAY TALKED ABOUT SOME VERY PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THESE. AND SO I WANT TO DESCRIBE MORE OF THE GENERAL FEATURES AND THE APPROACHES AND PRINCIPLES BEHIND ALL OF THIS. AND ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THERE ARE CHALLENGES WITH COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND WE CAN CERTAINLY TALK ABOUT THOSE IN THE Q&A AND THE BREAK OUT SESSIONS. I THINK THE FIRST THING IS TO REFLECT ON WHAT WE MEAN BY COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. AND AS IMAN LAID OUT A LOT OF THE RESEARCH BEGINS IN CONTEXT WHERE THE RESOURCES ARE LIMITED IF NOT ALMOST NONEXISTENT. WHERE CRISIS ARE HAPPENING AND PEOPLE MAY OFTEN BE OVERWHELMED OR AT THE VERY LEAST VERY BUSY WITH OTHER THINGS THAN HELPING OUT RESEARCHERS. JUST FINDING WAYS TO GET BY AND SURVIVE. AND I THINK WHAT THIS HAS LED TO IN THE PAST IS VERY WELL-MEANING RESEARCHERS WHO WANT TO HELP AND WANT TO CONDUCT HIGH QUALITY RESEARCH BUT AT THE SAME TIME THEY THINK WELL PEOPLE ARE BUSY. PEOPLE ARE OVERWHELMED. WE THEREFORE NEED TO GO AND GET INVOLVED WITH OUR RESEARCH PROJECTS AND ONCE WE GET THERE WITH THESE PROJECTS PREPARED PEOPLE WILL UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS. WELL, COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS POINTING OUT THAT SOMETHING MUCH MORE THAN THAT WELL-MEANING APPROACH TO RESEARCH IS REALLY WHAT IS NEEDED. AND SO BY COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WHAT IS REALLY MEANT IS THAT THE COMMUNITY DESERVES MORE THAN JUST THE RESULTS OF THE PROJECTS BUT THAT IT DESERVES TO BE INVOLVED THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT. THAT THERE IS A NUMBER OF CONCERNS -- THAT CAN ARISE WHEN PROJECTS GET UNDERWAY. AND THAT THE FOCUS IN THE PAST PARTICULARLY AROUND RESEARCH ETHICS HAS BEEN AROUND HOW DO YOU ADDRESS THE QUESTION OF GETTING PARTICIPATION IN A PROJECT? HOW DO YOU ENSURE THAT YOU GET SUFFICIENT CONCEPT OR EVEN TO GET * PEOPLE INTERESTED IN THE PROJECTS. AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT HAS ARISEN AS A REALIZATION THAT THERE ARE APPROACHES TO THE PROJECT IN A VERY BROADWAY WHICH ARE MISSING SOME OF THE CRUCIAL ASPECTS OF THE OVER-ALL ETHICS OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH. AND THAT THE COMMUNITY NEEDS TO BE INVOLVED NOT SIMPLY AS PARTICIPANTS WHEN RESEARCHERS ARRIVE WITH THEIR PROJECTS BUT AS PEOPLE WHO ARE SHIFTING AND INFLUENCING THE RESEARCH THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE PROCESS THROUGH ITS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION AND THEN ALSO AFTERWARDS THAT THE COMMUNITY NEEDS TO BE INVOLVED IN -- ENSURING AND HELPING AND BEING INFORMED BY THE WAYS THAT THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN THE RESEARCH HAS MADE SOME SORT OF A DIFFERENCE OR HAS BEEN CONFRONTED BY OTHER CHALLENGES THAT SHOULD CONTINUE TO BE ADDRESSED. WHAT HAPPENED AS DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH IN HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS WERE GETTING UNDERWAY IS THAT IN SPITE OF ACHIEVING THE APPROVAL OF RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES OR MINISTRIES OF HEALTH THAT THINGS WERE HAPPENING THAT WERE REALLY LEADING TO A LOT OF NOT ONLY ETHICAL CONCERNS BUT PROBLEMS WITH THE RESEARCH IN AND OF ITSELF. AND THE WORK OF EILEEN PIT WAY AND HER COLLEAGUES HELPED TO HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THESE CONCERNS. THE TITLE OF THIS ARTICLE THAT SHE ZONE CAPTURES PART OF THE CONCERNS. STOP STEALING OUR STORIES AND I THINK RESEARCHERS WERE QUESTIONING. WHAT IS GOING ON THAT WE HAD ETHICS APPROVAL. WE GOT INFORMED CONSENT AND YET THE COMMUNITY CAME AWAY FROM INVOLVEMENT THINKING OUR STORIES HAVE BEEN STOLEN THROUGH THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. OTHER STUDIES WERE IDENTIFYING THE FACT THAT PEOPLE DIDN'T FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT THEY WERE COMMITTED TO. EVEN THOUGH THEY GAVE CONSENT. AND THAT IT'S LED TO PROBLEMS. AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I THINK THAT IS HIGHLIGHTED IN THIS PARTICULAR ARTICLE THAT PIT WAY AND COLLEAGUES POINT OUT IS A QUOTE FROM A PARTICIPANT WHO WAS INTERVIEWED BY THESE RESEARCHERS ABOUT THE IMPACT OF PREVIOUS -- THEIR PREVIOUS INVOLVEMENT IN ANOTHER STUDY AND WHAT THEY CAME AWAY FROM THAT STUDY WAS THAT THEY WERE BEING TREATED LIKE MONKEYS IN A CAGE. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. THAT WERE BEING USED NOT JUST FOR THE GOOD OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THEIR COMMUNITY BUT THAT THIS WAS SOMETHING ABOUT THE POWER OF THE BIG COUNTRIES. AND THAT SOMEHOW THERE WOULD BE BENEFITS FOR OTHERS BUT NOT NECESSARILY THOSE INVOLVED IN THE COMMUNITIES WHERE THEY WERE ACTIVELY INVOLVED. SO AS WITH MANY AREAS OF RESEARCH ETHICS PROBLEMS AND FAILURES AND PAST EXAMPLES HAVE LED TO A REALIZATION THAT THE ISSUE REALLY NEEDS TO REQUIRE A CAREFUL EXAMINATION OF HOW RESEARCH IS DONE AND REAL CHANGE IN THE WHOLE AREA. PART OF WHAT OUR RESEARCH PROGRAM HAS BEEN LOOKING AT AND REALLY TRYING TO HIGHLIGHT IS THAT WITH RESEARCH ETHICS IN GENERAL AND THIS DOESN'T ONLY APPLY TO HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH ETHICS BUT MORE BROADLY THAT THE WAY THINGS HAVE DEVELOPED IS THERE HAS BEEN MUCH MORE OF A FOCUS ON THE ETHICAL APPROVAL RATHER THAN THE ETHICS OF THE RESEARCH ITSELF AND THAT WE NEED TO REBALANCE THINGS TO MAKE ETHICS A MUCH MORE THOROUGH CONSIDERATION THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE PROCESS OF DESIGNING, IMPLEMENTING AND CONDUCTING RESEARCH. SO THIS IS ONE OF THE KEY ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. THAT RESEARCH NEEDS TO HAPPEN IN A PLACE OR IN A WAY THAT IS ADDRESSING THE NEEDS THAT THE COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDS. THAT THERE ARE MANY ASPECTS THAT NEED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND THAT ADJUSTMENTS ARE GOING TO BE NEEDED AND ULTIMATELY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TRUST THAT EXIST BETWEEN RESEARCHERS AND THE COMMUNITIES AND WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT CAN BE IMPACTED BY THE RESEARCH AND HAVE A MUCH LONG-TERM IMPACT ON WHETHER RESEARCH IN AND OF ITSELF WILL BE TRUSTED BY THE COMMUNITIES DEPENDING ON WHETHER IT'S ADDRESSED THE ENAGAINMENT IS ADDRESS * ETHICALLY OR NOT. *. IT HIGHLIGHTS SOME OF THE CHALLENGES THAT ARISE WHEN COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS SOUGHT WITHIN A CONFLICT SETTING. THIS PARTICULAR NEWS STORY WAS NOT PART OF THE PROJECT THAT WE WERE CONDUCTING OUR CASE STUDY ABOUT BUT IT WAS PART OF THE CONTEXT AT THE MOMENT IN WHICH THE PROJECT WAS BEING CONDUCTED IN ETHIOPIA. THIS WAS A PIECE OF RESEARCH LOOKING INTO THE ONE HEALTH ISSUES INVOLVING ANIMAL HEALTH AND ITSELF CONNECTION WITH RESPECT HUMAN HEALTH AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESS. SOMETHING ELSE CAN HAPPEN IN THE REGION OR AREA THAT CAN HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON THE PARTICULAR PROJECT THAT WE'RE INVOLVED WITH. AND SO THIS CREATED A SET OF SUSPICION AND GENERATED RUMORS WHEN THE CAGED RESEARCHERS GOT INVOLVED IN CONDUCTING THIS RESEARCH. IT HIGHLIGHTED ALSO A CHALLENGE AROUND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AS TO EXACTLY WHO IS THE COMMUNITY. AND SO THERE WERE DIFFERENCES IN THIS CASE BETWEEN DIFFERENT ETHNICITIES WITHIN THE SAME REGION. BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS. BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE GOVERNMENT OR NOT. AND SO COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS CHALLENGING IN TERMS OF WHO EXACTLY IS BEING THOUGHT ABOUT THERE. PART OF WHAT WE DEVELOPED IN THIS PROJECT WAS THERE WAS A COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARD INVOLVING THE VILLAGE LEADERS. BUT THE RESEARCHERS REALIZED THAT WHAT WAS NEEDED WAS ANOTHER ADVISORY BOARD THAT INVOLVED THE YOUTH OF THE AREA. THEY WERE NOT PART OF THE ELDER SHIP STRUCTURE BUT THAT THERE WAS A SEPARATE YOUTH -- BOARD THAT WAS ABLE TO GET INVOLVED AND REALLY HELP WITH THE QUESTIONS OF SUSPICION AND RUMORS THAT WERE HAPPENING AT THE TIME AND THE OTHER ASPECT THAT WAS REALLY KEY WAS THE IMPORTANCE OF A TRUSTED AUTHORITY IN THE REGION WHO WAS ABLE TO GET INVOLVED IN THE NEGOTIATIONS AND HELP TO PROVIDE UNDERSTANDING FOR WHAT THE RESEARCH WAS SEEKING TO DO IN THIS AREA. SO ADDING CONFLICT INTO THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH IS REALLY CHALLENGING. SO I WOULD LIKE TO WIND UP AND HIGHLIGHT THAT MOVING FORWARD THE WHOLE IDEA OF PARACHUTING IN WITH A PROJECT READY TO GO IS BEING SYNC AS ETHICALLY PROBLEMATIC. THERE * -- THIS IS NOT JUST AN ISSUE OF GETTING GOOD RESULTS BUT ONE OF ETHICS AND RESPECT THAT WILL HELP CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRUST IN THE WHOLE AREA. THAT INVOLVES THE WHOLE RESEARCH PROCESS AND MULTIPLE ASPECTS NEEDS TO BE BALANCED IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THE RESEARCH CONTINUES TO BE RIGOROUS AND VALUABLE BUT ALSO RESPECTFUL OF THE COMMUNITY. THIS RAISES MANY CHALLENGES PRACTICALLY AND IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIVIDUAL STUDIES. SOME OF THESE WE CAN TALK ABOUT IN THE Q&A AND ALSO IN THE BREAK OUT GROUP BUT THESE ARE CHALLENGES THAT CAN BE OVERCOME. I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT MY WORK IN RESEARCH ETHICS IS -- ADVANTAGE TO THE WORK OF MANY RESEARCHERS AND MANY COUNTRIES THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THESE PROJECTS. WE'RE WORKING TO DEVELOP PRACTICAL TOOLS THAT WILL HELP RESEARCHERS TO THINK THROUGH AND ADDRESS AND FIND WAYS TO PROMOTE THE RESPECTIVE COMMUNITIES AT THE SAME TIME. AND I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FUNDERS THE MOST RECENT ONE THAT WE'RE WORKING ON -- IN THE UK AND OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO TALK WITH YOU AND I LOOK FORWARD TO FURTHER DISCUSSIONS IN THE Q&A AND BREAK OUT GROUPS. >> THANK YOU, DONAL. YOU FACED SOME CRITICAL QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES AND HOPEFULLY WE CAN FOLLOW-UP ON THAT. SO OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. YOGI VANDER MU LEN. AND YOU CAN START SHARING YOUR PRESENTATION WHILE I PRESENT YOU. YOGI IS A PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCHER AT THE INSTITUTE OF COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. *. SHE HAS WORKED THROUGH SINCE 2004. ACTUALLY SHE HAS RECEIVED HER BA IN SOCIOLOGY AT BIRZEIT UNIVERSITY. SO YOKE -- IN THE CONTEXT OF DOING RESEARCH IN OCCUPATION. SHE IS OF DUTCH ORIGIN BUT WORKED IN JERUSALEM AND THE WEST BANK. -- I -- MENTION THAT BECAUSE THEY ARE QUITE DISTANT FROM EACH OTHER. THAT COULD BE ONE OF THE REASONS BEHIND HER PASSION FOR MORE INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION. OVER YEARS SHE HAS BEEN ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN SEVERAL COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES TOGETHER WITH HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES WITHIN THE REGION AND BEYOND BUT AGAIN NOT ALL OF THESE COLLABORATIONS WERE SUCCESSFUL BUT SHE STILL ARGUES THAT THERE IS A LOT TO BE GAINED BY MORE COLLABORATIONS OF THAT KIND. YOKE, IT'S ALL YOURS. THE FLOOR IS YOURS. >> CAN YOU PLEASE TURN ON YOUR CAMERA. >> YES. OKAY. GOOD MORNING, GOOD AFTERNOON OR LET'S JUST SAY GOOD DAY TO ALL OF US. MY NAME IS YOKE VANDER MU LEN. *. I'M SPEAKING NOW FROM THE NETHERLANDS BUT I HAVE WORKED AND CONTINUE TO WORK AT PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH PALESTINE SINCE 2004. THANK YOU FOR INVITING US TO BE PART OF THIS PANEL. LET ME TAKE YOU TO PALESTINE. IT'S PALESTINIAN UNIVERSITY. IT HAS A RELATIVELY ENOUGH CAMPUS ON THE ROLLING WEST BANK HILLS. I'VE ALSO INCLUDED A PICTURE OF SOME OF MY COLLEAGUES. AND MY PROFESSOR. EVEN THOUGH THIS PICTURE SHOWS YOU A BEAUTIFUL CAMPUS IT SITS ON LAND TROUBLED BY THE REALITY OF CONTINUING MILITARY OCCUPATION AND INCREASING COLONIZATION BY ISRAELI SETTLERS. AS YOU MAY KNOW SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ILLINOI ISRAEL IN 1948 PALESTINIANS CONTINUE TO LOSE -- ONE MUST TAKE THE CONTEXT INTO ACCOUNT. IN FACT THE INSTITUTE WHERE I WORK THE INSTITUTE OF COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH HAS PUBLISHED A SERIES OF ARTICLES CALLED PALESTINIAN HEALTH IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY WHICH WAS PUBLISHED IN 2009. AND ON THE COVER IT SAID HOPE FOR IMPROVING THE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PALESTINIANS WILL EXHIBIT ONLY ONCE THE PEOPLE REALIZE THAT THE STRUCTURAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS THAT THEY INCUR ARE THE KEY DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION HEALTH. AND THIS HAS BECOME ONLY TOO APPARENT AGAIN IN THIS TERRIBLE PAST WEEK. THE IMPORTANCE OF STRUCTURAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS IS CLEAR IN MANY OF THE ARTICLES NOW PUBLISHED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THESE LESSONS FROM THE FIELD. WE ARE CELEBRATING THESE FOUR DAYS. LET ME NOW COME TO THE MAIN TOPIC OF THIS PRESENTATION. NAMELY PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESEARCH. AND I WANT TO SHARE WITH YOU WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT PARTNERSHIPS IN THE ALMOST 20 YEARS THAT I'VE WORKED IN RESEARCH. AND I WILL SPEAK BRIEFLY ABOUT EACH OF THE ITEMS LISTED ON THIS SLIDE. THE FIRST THING I NOTICED WHEN I STARTED WORKING AT THE INSTITUTE IS THAT MOST OF THE PEOPLE WORKING THERE WERE YOUNG. MOSTLY YOUNGER THAN MYSELF AND THAT THE DIRECT OR AT THE TIME WAS VERY ACTIVELY INVOLVED WITH THE -- TRAJECTORY OF EACH OF THESE YOUNG COLLEAGUES. MOST HAD STARTED WORKING WITH MASTER DEGREE OFTEN FROM THE INSTITUTE ITSELF AND ALMOST MADE IT A PORT TO FIND AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO ABROAD TO ENROLL IN A DOCTORAL PROGRAM AND HOPEFULLY COME BACK WITH A PhD. I WOULD SAY THAT OF THE 15-20 COLLEAGUES PERHAPS 5-10 ACTUALLY CAME BACK TO TEACH OR CONDUCT RESEARCH AT THE INSTITUTE. NOW IS THIS A LOT? OF COURSE TO SOME EXTENT YES BUT FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE NO. LOOK AT THE SECOND POINT NOW. OFTEN THESE PhD STUDENTS HAVE HELPED TO INTRODUCE FACULTY WITH OTHER STUDENTS ABROAD THROUGH THE RESEARCH OF OUR INSTITUTE AND THROUGH THESE PERSONAL CONTACTS PARTNERSHIPS HAVE FURTHER DEVELOPED AND YES PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS ARE IMPORTANT EVERYWHERE BUT I THINK ESPECIALLY IN COUNTRIES THAT ARE ISOLATED WHETHER IT'S POLITICAL, ECONOMIC OR GEOGRAPHICAL OR OTHER REASONS THE PERSONAL APPROACH IS VERY IMPORTANT. WHEN ONE OF OUR COLLEAGUES RECEIVED INFORMATION OR E-MAIL -- HE WAS INVITED TO COME AND SEE FOR THEMSELVES HOW PALESTINIANS LIVE UNDER OCCUPATION. AND WE WOULD ALL DO WHAT WE COULD TO HELP THESE GUESTS UNDERSTAND THE PALESTINIAN SITUATION AND THEN OFTEN IDEAS FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH WOULD COME UP AND FIRST VERY INFORMALLY BUT GRADUALLY LEADING TO RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND ULTIMATELY TO JOIN RESEARCH PROJECTS. OFTEN OUR GUES GUESTS WOULD MEET WITH THE STUDENTS. THE PARTNER WAS JOHN MCDONALD. A PROFESSOR AT AN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITY. SINCE THE VERY FIRST YEAR OF OUR PUBLIC HEALTH COURSE AT THE INSTITUTE HE HAS COME AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR TO BE A GUEST TEACHER IN THE MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH. SO WE HAVE NOW MENTIONED HOW PARTNERSHIPS CAN EVOLVE OUT OF PERSONAL ENGAGEMENTS AND SOMETIMES OUT OF THE SEARCH FOR PhD PROGRAMS FOR GROWTH. BUT IN MY TIME AT THE INSTITUTE I'VE ALSO SEEN VERY IMPORTANT PARTNERSHIPS WITH NONACADEMIC PARTNERS. NUMBER THREE ON THE SLIDE. FOR EXAMPLE OUR MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH UNIT WAS TRAINED BY DR. -- AN EXPERT IN SOCIAL WORK AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. SHE HAD LEFT THE UK TO WORK FOR A PERIOD OF SEVERAL YEARS AT OUR INSTITUTE AND WAS FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY THE NGO, MEDICAL AID FOR PALESTINIAN. THROUGH HER MENTORSHIP AND HER BEING WITH US IN PERSON -- YOU WERE ABLE TO ADD A QUALITATIVE APPROACH. WE HAVE FOR EXAMPLE WORKED WITH -- WHO FOR MANY YEARS SPONSORED INTERNATIONAL ACADEMICS AT THE BEGINNING TO WORK WITH US AND THESE YOUNG ACADEMICS SUPPORTED US WITH THEIR FRESH IDEAS. WHILE AT THE SAME TIME THEY BENEFITED FROM LEARNING ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN THE PALESTINIAN CONTEXT OF MILITARY OCCUPATION AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY. THERE IS A LONG LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS WITH WHOM WE HAVE ONE WAY OR ANOTHER WORKED TOGETHER. WHO, UNICEF AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS WORKING WITH REFUGEES. AND BESIDES THE SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF THIS JOINT RESEARCH I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO MENTION THAT THESE PARTNERSHIPS PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR JOINT -- AND INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY AND YOU KNOW THAT IS NEEDED VERY BADLY. WE GO TO NUMBER FOUR NOW. IT WILL BE NO SURPRISE TO YOU THAT AS A COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE WE OFTEN WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER WITH LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS IN OUR RESEARCH. WHETHER GOVERNMENTAL LIKE THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OR NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS LIKE FOR EXAMPLE HEALTH WORK COMMITTEES. THE PALESTINIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS. AFTER ALL THE RESEARCH IS ALWAYS GEARED TOWARDS INFLUENCING LOCAL -- AND. [ INDISCERNIBLE ] SO WE HAVE TO TALK NOW ABOUT THE INSTITUTE'S PARTNERSHIPS IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH WITH INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES THROUGH PhD PROGRAMS AND ALSO THROUGH THE DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING OF WORKING RELATIONSHIPS WITH INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS AND NGOs AND WE COME TO NUMBER FIVE. WITH A LOT OF CREATIVITY AND COMMIT MEANT OU -- * WHICH MEETS YEARLY AND PROVIDING AN OPPORTUNITY FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE MIDDLE-EAST AND THE REGION TO PRESENT AND DISCUSS CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS. THESE MEETINGS SOMETIMES TAKE PLACE IN ISTANBUL, BEIRUT AND POSSIBLY OTHER PLACES IN THE REGION BUT UNFORTUNATELY -- NOT AT -- UNIVERSITY. AS REGIONAL RESEARCHERS ARE NOT ABLE TO ENTER PALESTINIAN. THIS IS ANOTHER OF THE CONSTRAINTS THAT I HAD MENTIONED EARLIER. I'M NOW COMING TO THE LAST POINT OF THE SLIDE AND THE ONE MOST CLOSELY RELATED TO THIS FOUR DAY EVENT. THE JOINT PUBLICATIONS. THERE WAS A TIME AT THE INSTITUTE THAT WE THOUGHT SINCE OUR RESEARCH CONCERNS OUR PALESTINIAN SOCIETY WHY SHOULD WE BE BOTHERED WITH INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS. WE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE MORE PRACTICE AND ORIENTED. WE REALIZED IT IS IMPORTANT TO PUBLISH AND SHARE OUR EVIDENCE WITH THE WORLD. BUT HERE WE FACED A PROBLEM. MANY OF OUR SUBMITTED ARTICLES WERE NOT SEND FOR PUBLICATION. AND WE FEARED THAT THERE MIGHT PERHAPS BE A POLITICAL BIAS RELATED TO THESE REJECTIONS. IT SEEMED THAT NOT ALL JOURNALS ARE INTERESTED IN PUBLISHING PALESTINIAN RESEARCH. AND HERE WE REALIZED THAT HAVING AN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PARTNER JOINTLY DEVELOPED A PROPOSAL. JOINTLY CONDUCT THE RESEARCH AND CO-AUTHOR THE ARTICLES ALSO RESULTS IN THE GREATER CHANCE OF HAVING OUR ARTICLES SEND FOR PUBLICATION. WE BELIEVED * THERE IS SO MUCH TO GAIN FROM JOINT ACADEMIC WORK. AFTER ALL -- AN ENORMOUS GAP -- BY THE GLOBAL FORUM FOR HEALTH RESEARCH IN 1990 AND WHAT THEY MEANT WAS LESS THAN 10% OF THE WORLDWIDE RESOURCES DEVOTED TO HEALTH RESEARCH WERE PUT TOWARDS HEALTH IN COUNTRIES WHERE OVER 90% OF ALL PREVENTABLE DEATHS WORLDWIDE OCCURRED. I COULD NOT FIND AN UPDATE TO THESE STATISTICS AND EVEN THOUGH WE HOPE THE GAP HAS DECREASED A LITTLE WE'RE QUITE CONFIDENT THAT IT WILL BE FAR FROM 50/50. HERE IS ANOTHER REASON TO CELEBRATE THE LESSONS FROM THE FIELD ARTICLES AND I WANT TO CONGRATULATE ALL OF THE RESEARCHERS WITH THE PUBLICATION OF THEIR ARTICLES. AND WE HOPE THAT THESE LESSONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE -- AND ULTIMATELY TO MORE SOLIDARITY IN CARING FOR POPULATION HEALTH WORLDWIDE. ALSO ON BEHALF OF MY COLLEAGUES I THANK YOU FOR LISTENING. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH YOKE FOR YOUR -- PRESENTATION WITHIN THIS VERY UNIQUE SITUATION THAT YOU ARE LIVING THROUGH AND THE INSTITUTE IS LIVING THROUGH AND WE'RE ALL FOLLOWING THE NEWS AROUND US. SO ONE OTHER THING IS THAT WE ALSO -- I HAVE TO ADMIT AND PROUDLY SO THAT WE'VE LEARNED A LOT FROM PARTNERING AND WORKING VERY CLOSELY WITH YOU. WE'VE LEARNED ACTUALLY THE CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES OF DOING RESEARCH UNDER OCCUPATION. THIS IS SOMETHING THAT MANY, MANY -- IN THE WORLD ARE NOT AWARE OF THE CHALLENGES. MAYBE WE CAN TALK MORE ABOUT THAT IN THE Q&A SESSION. SO NOW I'M ALSO PLEASED TO PRESENT OUR THIRD AND LAST PANELIST FOR -- FOR TODAY AND THAT IS DR. ABDI DALWAR -- THANK YOU FOR SHARING THAT. HE IS A PRACTICING -- AND A PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY. HE IS THE FOUNDER AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF SORDI. AND SORDI IS THE FIRST SOMALIA FOCUSED -- INSTITUTE. HE HAS EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE IN HANDLING ALL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMING AS THE IMPLEMENT FOR AND EVALUATOR AND ALSO ACADEMIC. AND ALSO HE ADDRESSES ISSUES OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, TRAINING DEPLOYMENT AND RETENTION ACROSS SOMALIA AND AFRICA HE IS QUITE AN A CHEEVER IN THE ACADEMIC ARENA. THE FORMER LECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY WHERE HE IS NOW A PROFESSOR AND IT'S THE LARGEST MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN SOMALIA. ALSO THE FORMER VICE PRESIDENT OF THE SOMALIA RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK THAT CONNECTS THE LARGEST OF THE UNIVERSITY ACROSS SOMALIA. HE IS AGAIN HE DIDN'T LEAVE HIS CLINICAL PRACTICE. HE IS THE DIRECTOR AND CONSULTANT IN MOGADISHU SOMALIA. WITH THAT THE FLOOR IS YOURS. >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME AND MY TOPIC TODAY IS I WANT TO SHARE WITH YOU OUR EXPERIENCE ON TRANSLATING RESEARCH FINDINGS INTO POLICY AND PRACTICE ACROSS DIFFERENT LEVELS IN A CONFLICT SITUATION LIKE SOMALIA. AS YOU KNOW -- IN HUMANITARIAN SETTING YOU NEED RESEARCH NOT ONLY FOR PUBLICATIONS BUT ALSO TO CHANGE ANY CHALLENGES OR TO IMPROVE THE OUTCOME OF PROGRAMS HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMS AND THAT COMPLEX SITUATION AND YOU KNOW SOMALIA HAS ENDURED A CIVIL WAR AND FRAGILITY OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS. WHAT HAPPENS IN THESE COMPLEX EMERGENCIES AND HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS IS THAT UNIVERSITIES COLLAPSE -- ACADEMICS LEAVE. ONCE THE RESEARCH IS DONE IT IS DONE BY OUTSIDERS . THE RESEARCHERS -- WHO SEE WHETHER THEY ARE REACHING THEIR TARGETS SO THAT THEY CAN PUT INTO THEIR -- -- SO SORE DEE WAS ESTABLISHED TO FILL THAT GAP. OUR PRIORITIES ACTUALLY IS TO WORK WITH OUR STAKEHOLDERS AT ALL STAGES OF OUR RESEARCH. PLANNING STAGE. WE DO A NEED'S ASSESSMENT. WE TALK TO THEM AND FIND OUT ANY CHALLENGES THAT THEY FACE. TRY TO FORMULATE -- AND ONCE WE DO OUR RESEARCH WE ALSO TRY TO ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS BUT ALSO IN FINDING OUT OUR -- ANALYSIS, WE ENGAGED THEM AND WE HAVE DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES TO ENGAGE OUR STAKEHOLDERS. SO THAT WE HAVE BUY IN FROM -- OVER THESE LAST YEARS WE'VE BEEN INVOLVED IN A LOT OF -- PROJECTS. 27 PROJECTS AND WITH DIFFERENT -- COUNTRIES. THE UN ADDRESSES -- AND ALSO NONPRACTIC--NON-- TRADITIONAL. AND WHEN WE FIND THE RESEARCH WE TRY TO GO BACK TO OUR COMMUNITIES AND OUR -- MOTTO IS TO TRANSLATE THAT RESEARCH BECAUSE HUMANITARIAN -- IS A FLUID SITUATION SO RATHER THAN TRYING TO -- PUBLISH OUR RESEARCH WE TRY TO MAKE IT -- THE POLICY AND PRACTICE AND THEN TO GO BACK. AND WE HAVE IN THESE PAST YEARS DEVELOPED DIFFERENT LEVELS. OUR FIRST LEVEL IS ACTUALLY AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL AND WHEN WE TALK ABOUT COMMUNITY THESE ARE VILLAGE OR RURAL AREAS. WE HAVE TRAINED RESEARCHERS IN DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WHO CAN EVEN NOT READ OR WRITE SO WE DEVELOPED -- PICTURES AND PICTORIAL SYSTEMS TO ENGAGE WITH OUR COMMUNITIES TO SHARE WITH THEM OUR RESULTS SO THEY CAN COME UP WITH SOME PRACTICES TO CHANGE THEIR SITUATIONS. WE WERE INVOLVED IN -- A PROJECT WHICH WAS CALLED PROMOTE RESILIENCE ACROSS SOMALIA. PROGRESS THAT WAS FUNDED BY USID AND WE TALKED WITH THEM TO FIND OUT THEIR PROBLEMS AND THEN THROUGH RESEARCH CAME UP WITH SOLUTIONS AND THEN WE TOOK THOSE SOLUTIONS TO THESE COMMUNITIES SO THEY CAN COME UP WITH WHAT WE CALL RESILIENCE FACTORS AND WE FOLLOWED UP AND CONVERTED THEM TO NON-- COMMUNITIES. AND WE WERE ABLE TO DOCUMENT THAT OUR COMMUNITIES WITH RESPECT ABLE TO WITHSTAND FUTURE SHOCKS THAT WERE MAN MADE AND COMBATED WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES. OUR RESEARCH TRANSLATION, WE USE WHAT WE CALL -- -- ACTION PLANNING MODELS. WHERE WE SIT WITH OUR GRASSROOTS -- MODERATORS -- USING THE BASIC FARMING TOOLS. WE TRY TO WORK WITH THEM TO FORMULATE COMMUNITIES TO MAKE MARKET ASSESSMENT AND TO ACTUALLY CONSIDERED IT A PRODUCE SO THEY CAN HAVE PURCHASING POWER. WITH THE POTENTIAL -- AND WE HAVE RECOMMENDED ALL OF THIS TRANSLATION OF RESEARCH THAT -- -- RURAL AREA. AND FLUID AND CHALLENGING SITUATION AS WELL. SO WE HAVE LEARNED THAT ARE COMMUNITY MEETINGS WHERE EVERYONE CAN HAVE IDEAS AND -- RESEARCHERS CAN SHARE OUR FINDINGS AND TRY TO ORGANIZE AND THE COMMUNITIES' CONCERNS INTO A PROPER RESEARCH, WE WERE ABLE TO SHOW THAT OUR COMMUNITIES WERE ABLE TO REACH RESILIENCE AND PROSPERITY THROUGH LEARNING AND NETWORKING AND THROUGH EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP. SO THAT WAS REALLY BASIC AND NONFORMAL COMMUNITY LEVEL. OUR SECOND IS GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS. SO WE HAVE COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS ACROSS SOMALIA AND WE HAVE NGOs WORKING IN THESE GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS. SOME OF THEM ARE -- HAVE FINANCIAL RESOURCES. OTHERS ARE WORKING WITH THEM TO HAVE JOINT PROJECT -- AND THE PROJECT -- AND OUR RESEARCHERS WERE EMBEDDED WITH THESE LOCAL NGOs TRYING TO GATHER EVIDENCE AND THEN GO BACK AND TRYING TO TRANSLATE THEM INTO PRACTICES THAT CAN IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOODS OF OUR STAKEHOLDERS. GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS. THEN OUR SECOND LEVEL OF ENGAGEMENT IS ACTUALLY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. AND ALSO -- AUTHORITIES. SOMALIA GOVERNMENT -- SO WE WORK WITH THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND WE HAVE WORKED WITH -- AND GOVERNMENTS AND ALSO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO HELP SUPPORT THEIR WORK. SO -- AN ACTION ORIENTED RESEARCH. I CAN SHARE THAT THROUGH SUPPORT FROM THE WORLD BANK HAS BEEN ABLE TO DEVELOP DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT. STRATEGIES TO RESPOND -- AS WELL AS BUILD CORRESPONDING CAPACITIES FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND VISION AND WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND WERE INSTRUMENTAL IN WHAT THE SOMALIA GOVERNMENT TO DEVELOP ITS POLICY WITH RISK MANAGEMENT. WE DIDN'T STOP THERE. [ AUDIO DIFFICULTIES ] >> DR., ABDI. WE CANNOT HEAR YOU. >> HOW ABOUT NOW? >> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? >> MUCH BETTER. THANK YOU. >> THAT WAS ANOTHER LEVEL OF WORKING WITH GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS. AND WE WERE ABLE TO REALLY PUT TOGETHER DIFFERENT POLICIES. ONE SUCH AS THE ONE THAT I SHARED WITH YOU -- BUT AS YOU KNOW AND THIS PART OF THE WORLD WE HAVE ALSO THIS TRADITION OF FEMALE -- GENITAL MANIPULATION -- THROUGH A GRANT FROM THE UK GOVERNMENT AND ONCE WE FOUND OUT THE RESULTS -- THE AND THEN IN 2018 A LANDMARK POLICY CAME THAT BANNED THIS. THAT WAS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF USING RESEARCH IMPACTING TO PRODUCE POLICY THAT HELPED TO ELIMINATE THAT TRADITIONAL HARMFUL PRACTICE IN SOMALIA. AND THEN ANOTHER LEVEL IT'S FOSTERING FUTURE LEADERS SO WE ALSO -- TRAIN FELLOWS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND NOT ONLY TRAINING THEM BUT ALSO EMBED THEM INTO OUR OWN -- SO THAT THEY CAN LEARN PRACTICALLY AND ALSO USE THEIR LEARNED SKILLS TO ACTUALLY WORK ACROSS SOMALIA AND THEN THE FOURTH LEVEL THAT WE USING ACTUALLY SHOWCASING AND SHARING OUR EXPERIENCES WITH THE GLOBAL NETWORKS. ONE OF THEM IS TODAY WHAT WE'RE SHARING NOW BUT ALSO WE WERE ABLE TO ATTEND A GLOBAL DISASTER SUMMIT IN INDIA IN 2017 AND WE TOOK ALONG SOMALIA GOVERNMENT FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS TO PRESENT THE DRN STRATEGIES AT THAT LEVEL WITH SUPPORT OF THE WORLD BANK. THAT IS OUR FOURTH LEVEL WHICH IS A GLOBAL -- FROM LAND FROM OTHER NETWORKS BUT ALSO TO SHARE OUR EXPERIENCES WITH OTHERS AS WE'RE DOING TODAY. SO AGAIN THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR INVITING US AND I LOOK FORWARD TO THE QUESTIONS AND THE BREAK OUT SESSIONS. AND OVER TO YOU AMIT. -- IMAN. >> THANK YOU ALL. SO AGAIN THANKS FOR THE -- LET ME PUT MY VIDEO ON AND MAY I ASK AND TURN THEIR VIDEOS ON PLEASE. SO I WANTED TO THANK YOU ABDI FOR ACTUALLY TAKING THE WHOLE CONCEPT OF TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO THESE DIFFERENT LEVELS BECAUSE TRADITIONALLY WHEN WE THINK ABOUT KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION WE ARE THINKING ABOUT IMPACTING POLICY MAKERS AND DECISION MAKERS BUT HERE YOU'VE TAKEN THAT TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMMUNITIES AND INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHERS AND THE NETWORKS. SO THANK YOU FOR THAT. SO NOW THE FLOOR IS OPEN FOR YOUR QUESTIONS AND PLEASE DO SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT BOX AND TAKE CARE OF THEM. IN THE MEANTIME I WOULD LIKE TO ASK OUR PANELISTS QUESTIONS THAT CROSS MY MIND AS I WAS SORT OF DISCUSSING AND PREPARING FOR THIS PANEL AND ALSO LISTENING TO THEM -- TODAY. THIS AFTERNOON IN BEIRUT. SO I WILL START WITH DONAL. YOU'VE CLEARLY SHOWN THAT THE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU NEED TO HAVE TO INVEST RESOURCES AND TIME AND IT'S NOT EASY. ACTUALLY YOU'VE BROUGHT THE WHOLE POINT THAT THESE COMMUNITIES ARE NOT THIS IDEAL PLACE WHERE YOU HAVE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY AND THERE ARE CHALLENGES WITHIN AND CONFLICTS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY. CAN YOU TELL US MORE FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE -- SOME OF THE CHALLENGES THAT MAKE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT DIFFICULT AND TIME-CONSUMING. HOW DO YOU -- RECOGNIZE YOUR BEST COMMUNITY PARTNERS. IS THERE ANY CRITERIA FOR THAT. >> YEAH. I THINK THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT CHALLENGES. SOME ARE AT THE LEVEL OF SETTING FOR THE PROJECT AND MAYBE I'LL MENTION A COUPLE OF THOSE BUT THERE ARE ALSO ONES THAT ARE MUCH LARGER LEVEL. I THINK AT THE SETTING OF THE RESEARCH THERE IS AS YOU MENTIONED THE FACT THAT THERE IS NOT JUST ONE COMMUNITY. I THINK IF WE THINK ABOUT OUR OWN FAMILIES OUR OWN NEIGHBORHOODS. THE PEOPLE WE WORK WITH AND OUR FRIENDS WITH -- THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT LEVELS AND MANY DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISAGREEMENTS WITHIN ONE FAMILY. PEOPLE CAN HAVE VERY DIFFERENT VIEWS ON WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE THEIR CHILDREN TO EXPERIENCE -- AND I THINK THIS IS -- IT'S A MAJOR CHALLENGE BECAUSE WE DON'T WANT TO CREATE THIS THEORETICAL IDEA THAT EVERYBODY WHO LIVES IN THIS VILLAGE OR EVERYBODY WHO LIVES IN THIS COUNTRY IS SO SIMILAR THAT THE SAME THING IS GOING TO WORK EVERYWHERE. AND WHAT I THINK THAT LEADS TO WE REALLY NEED TO WORK WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE FROM THE COMMUNITY. WHO UNDERSTAND THE COMMUNITY. I THINK SOME OF THE PRESENTATIONS YESTERDAY WERE VERY CLEAR ABOUT THE NEED TO INVOLVE RESEARCHERS WHO KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE GROUPS WHERE THE RESEARCH IS HAPPENING. AS YOKE SAID TODAY PEOPLE HAVE LEFT THEIR COMMUNITIES LIKE THOSE THAT WERE IN PALESTINIAN ARE NOW OVERSEAS BUT THEY CAN BE GREAT PARTNERS AND THEY CAN HELP PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IT'S LIKE TO GO BACK AND DO RESEARCH IN THOSE COUNTRIES. OR THEY MAY HAVE EXTRA OPPORTUNITIES IN THOSE COUNTRIES THAT THEY CAN THEN GO BACK HOME AND BE ABLE TO BOTH BRING THE RESOURCES BUT ALSO HAVE THE COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING. AND THEN I THINK IN JUMPING TO THE LARGE SCALE THERE ARE REAL CHALLENGES WITH THE WAY RESEARCH IS FUNDED. THERE ARE CERTAINLY CHANGES BEING INTRODUCED BY SOME FUNDING AGENCIES BUT FOR THE MOST PART FUNDING IS ABOUT THE PROJECT THAT YOU HAVE DESIGNED. YOU'VE GOT TO ALMOST HAVE IT DESIGNED BEFORE THEY WILL GIVE YOU THE FUNDING AND THAT IS A REAL PROBLEM THEN IF YOU ARE EXPECTED ONCE YOU HAVE THE FUNDING THEN TO START TO ENGAGED WITH THE COMMUNITIES. AND I THINK THIS IS WHERE FLEXIBILITY IS NEEDED. SOME EXAMPLES WERE GIVEN YESTERDAY WHERE THE ENGAGEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY IS SOMETHING THAT FOLLOWS ON FROM A PREVIOUS PROJECT. THAT IS WHERE NEW NEEDS ARE IDENTIFIED. NEW PROJECTS START TO COME TO LIGHT. THE COMMUNITY CAN INFORM THEM AND THAT IS WHAT SHAPES THE NEXT PROJECT THAT THEN SEEKS FUNDING OR IS ABLE TO BE IMPLEMENTED. AND JUST ONE OTHER THING I WOULD LIKE TO HIGHLIGHT IS THAT THE FLEXIBILITY THE INVOLVEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY CAN INTRODUCED HAS TO BE BALANCED. BUT THERE ARE WAYS THAT REALIZING THAT WHAT WORKED IN ONE COMMUNITY MAY NOT WORK IN ANOTHER IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATIVE AND WAYS TO RESPECT TO RESPECT THE COMMUNITY NOT A WAY TO SAY WELL WE DID IT THIS WAY LAST TIME WE HAVE TO KEEP WITH THAT METHOD AND WE CANNOT OVERCOME THAT. IT'S PART OF THE NEED FOR HEALTHICS AND RESPECT TO BE THE TOP PRIORITY AND THAT THEN CAN SHAPE THE INNOVATION AND THE CREATIVITY OF THE RESEARCHERS. >> THANK YOU, DONAL. AND REQUIRES A LOT OF HUMILITY ON THE PART OF THE RESEARCHERS. OUR SHORTCOMINGS AND LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONTEXT AND THE MISTAKES THAT WE CAN COMBAT. YOKE I KNOW THAT YOU DON'T WANT TO TALK A LOT ABOUT TO THE POLITICS BUT YOU CANNOT ESCAPE THE CONTEXT OF PALESTINIAN IMPOSES ON ITSELF. THESE ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS ARE LOCATED IN OTHER COUNTRIES AND SOMETIMES WHERE THE GOVERNMENT -- POLITICAL POSITIONS THAT MIGHT BE CONFLICTING OR DIFFERENT OR DISTINCT. SO IN THE CASE OF YOUR RESEARCH AND THE CONTEXT OF PALESTINIAN CAN YOU TELL ME A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT SOME OF YOUR EXPERIENCES WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP AND HOW DO YOU BALANCE THE PARTNERSHIP AND THE TECHNICAL RESEARCH PART OF IT -- WHEN YOU START TALKING ABOUT SOCIAL JUSTICE, HUMAN RIGHTS. AND EVEN IDENTITY ISSUES SO HOW DO YOU BALANCE AND DO THESE FACTOR IMPACT WHO YOUR PARTNERS ARE? >> THANK YOU FOR THAT QUESTION DR. IMAN. SO TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION I WANT TO SPEAK ABOUT RESEARCH PROJECT THAT I'M INVOLVED IN RIGHT NOW. AND IT IS WITH SEVERAL PARTNERS SO THE INTERNATIONAL PARTNER IS KINGS COLLEGE LONDON. AND WE ARE PART OF A HUGE FIVE-YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND JUSTICE. AND IN THIS PROJECT WE TAKE AS A STARTING POINT THE CONVENTIONAL RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND ESPECIALLY ARTICLE 19 WHICH RECOGNIZES THE RIGHT OF PERSONSES WITH DISABILITIES TO LIVE IN THE COMMUNITY AND WITH CHOICES EQUAL TO OTHERS. SO WE HAVE KINGS COLLEGE IN THIS. AND WE HAVE -- UNIVERSITY AS THE LOCAL UNIVERSITY. WE HAVE ALSO PCC, PALESTINIAN COUNSELING CENTER. AND WE HAVE PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS BECAUSE THIS IS WHAT THE RESEARCH IS ABOUT. AND WE HAVE MADE CONTACT WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE MENTAL ILLNESS AND WE HAVE EXPLAINED TO THEM THAT WE ARE INTERESTED IN EXPLORING WITH THEM WHAT IS THEIR LIVED EXPERIENCE OF LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY. AND DO THEY HAVE CHOICES EQUAL LIKE OTHER PEOPLE. SO WE HAVE ACTUALLY -- IT IS REALLY A PARTNERSHIP WITH THIS GROUP OF 12 PEOPLE WHO EXPERIENCE MENTAL ILLNESS AND WE ALSO PAID THEM FOR RESEARCHING THIS WITH US. NOW THEY HAVE -- EXPLAINED US TO THERE ARE SEVERAL VERY IMPORTANT TOPICS TO THEIR LIVES. ONE OF THEM IS FOR EXAMPLE THE MEDICATION. THE MEDICATION BECAUSE OF THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN PALESTINIAN IS NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE. SO THIS IS ONE OF THE ISSUES THAT COMES UP IMMEDIATELY FOR THEM. EVEN THOUGH WE ARE -- WE'RE NOT DOING ANY POLITICAL RESEARCH. POLITICAL ISSUES ALWAYS COME UP. THEY EXPLAIN TO US HOW THEIR LIVES WERE DIFFERENT FROM BEFORE AND AFTER THE ILLNESS. WE FOUND OUT THAT SEVERAL OF THEM ACTUALLY HAD AN ON SET OF THEIR ILLNESS AS THEY WERE BEING IMPRISONED BY THE ISRAELI AUTHORITIES AND TORTURED. SO POLITICAL SITUATION ALWAYS COMES BACK. >> OKAY. THANK YOU FOR SHEDDING LIGHT AGAIN ON THESE CHALLENGES AND UNFORTUNATE STORIES THAT KEEP REPEATING. I WOULD LIKE TO MOVE NOW TO ABDI AND YOU PRESENTED AN INTERESTING MODEL OF WHAT YOU DO AT SORDI AND AT THOSE DIFFERENT LEVELS. BUT CAN WE GENERALIZE IT TO WHAT IS HAPPENING IN SOMALIA WITH OTHER INTERVENTIONS AND HOW DO WE MAKE SURE THAT HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS ARE IMPORTANT OR RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT. AND SO IS SORDI AN EXCEPTION OR IS IT SOMETHING THAT CAN YOU ATTEST THAT OTHERS ARE ALSO DOING. IN THE CONTEXT OF SOMALIA AND AFRICA IN GENERAL. >> THANK YOU IMAN. WE'RE NOT THE EXCEPTION AND I THINK WE HAVE ALSO LEARNED FROM OUR EXPERIENCES WHEN WE STARTED IN 2013 WE'RE NOT THE SAME NOW WE HAVE LEARNED FROM OUR MISTAKES AS WELL. AND BEFORE I JOINED SORDI I WAS A -- FELLOW AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON WITH A CONVENTIONAL FUNDING SO I KNEW -- -- -- AND THEN I CAME HERE AND ALTHOUGH YOU -- NEED STILL TO GO THROUGH APPROVAL AND IN OUR FIRST RESEARCH PROJECT WE WERE FACED WITH THIS REALITY THAT THERE WAS NO ETHICAL APPROVAL AND OUR FUNDERS WERE ASKING FOR US TO GET PARTICULAR APPROVAL. SO WE HAD TO ESTABLISH -- OUR OWN INSTITUTION WITHIN SORDI AND GET A CLEARANCE -- FROM THE GOVERNMENT FROM THE MINISTER OF HEALTH AND WE WORKED ACTUALLY WITH THE MINISTER OF HEALTH AT THAT TIME TO ENACT THE CHANGE OF DEPARTMENTS AND INTRODUCE THE DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH WITHIN THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH. WE TRIED TO GET RESOURCES TO TRAIN THE DIRECTOR SO THAT THEY ARE ABLE TO ACTUALLY VET AND SEE RESEARCH BUT TODAY THAT MINISTRY TOGETHER WITH THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING ARE THE ONES NOW DOING THE APPROVALS NOT ONLY FOR US BUT ALSO FOR INTERNATIONAL ACTORS WHO WANT TO DO RESEARCH IN SOMALIA. AND ONE QUESTION THAT YOU'RE ASKING WHICH IS HOW DO YOU MAKE SURE THAT THESE ARE APPROPRIATE? ACTUALLY -- DID A TWO-YEAR RESEARCH ON HEALTH AND -- SOMALIA FROM 2000 TO 2020. 20 YEAR SPAN AND WE LOOKED AT ALL AND WHETHER THEY WERE APPROPRIATE AND WHETHER THEY THEY WERE NEEDED. AND SADLY WHAT TRANSPIRED WAS THESE HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS DON'T FOLLOW THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITIES AND -- THEY LOOK AT ACCESSIBILITY, EASE OF REACH, THEY LOOK AT QUICK IMPACT AND PROJECTS THAT -- WHAT THE COMMUNITY NEEDS. WE WERE PART OF A BIG CONSORTIUM THAT IS CALLED BRANCH AND WE PUBLISHED OUR RESEARCH IN THE LAND SET * IN FEBRUARY. THEY LOOKED AT 10 CONFLICT AFFECTED COUNTRIES ACROSS THE WORLD AND THEY LOOKED AT HOW HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS WERE ACTUALLY DECIDED. THAT IS WHAT -- TH ---IT HAS EVOLVED BECAUSE BEFORE WE WERE UNIQUE, THEY WERE IN A FEW COUNTRIES BUT IT IS BECOMING LIKE -- A NORM. BOKO HARAM. BUT NOW MAYBE HALF OF THE COUNTRIES ARE IN THE MIDDLE OF A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS. IT IS BECOME NOW MORE AND MORE PREVALENT. EITHER FROM NATURAL DISASTERS OR MAN MADE DISASTERS. THE HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH IS NOW BECOMING PARAMOUNT AND A LOT OF THE DONORS ARE UNDERSTANDING THAT. OVER TO YOU. >> THANK YOU SO YOU BRING A POINT THAT I WOULD LIKE TO ASK DONAL TO COMMENT ON. YOU DISCUSSED IT IN YOUR PRESENTATION AND THAT IS THE BALANCE OR LACK OF BALANCE BETWEEN ETHICAL APPROVAL AND ETHICAL RESEARCH. AND SO HOW WOULD YOU ASSESS RESEARCH THAT DOES NOT TRANSLATE INTO ACTION OR PRACTICE DOES NOT IMPACT POLICY? DOES NOT RESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITIES OR THE EXAMINED OR STUDIED COMMUNITIES. WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THEM AS UNETHICAL ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE THE ETHICAL APPROVAL TO DO THE STUDY BUT IF THE STUDY OR THE -- DOES NOT CARRY IT THROUGH DO YOU REQUEST THE ETHICS OF THAT DECISION. HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE AN ETHICAL RESEARCH. WE KNOW ABOUT ETHICAL APPROVAL AND WE ALL HATE IRBs OR HAVE CHALLENGES WITH THEM OR DON'T RECOGNIZE THE SIGNIFICANCE OR CRUCIAL NEED BUT HOW DO YOU GET FINE AN ETHICAL RESEARCH? >> THANK YOU FOR THAT SIMPLE QUESTION. I THINK -- TO BEGIN WITH I WANT TO REITERATE LIKE YOU SAID I THINK ETHICS APPROVAL ETHICS REVIEW IS IMPORTANT. BUT IT'S NOT ENOUGH IN AND OF ITSELF. I THINK THAT IS WHAT MY MAIN MESSAGE WOULD BE. SO THAT WHEN THE PROJECT IS DESIGNED AND IS READY TO GO THAT HAVING IT LOOKED AT BY PEERS AND BY THOSE WHO UNDERSTAND IT AND THAT BY OTHERS FROM THE COMMUNITY WHO CAN LOOK OVER IT IS VERY IMPORTANT. BUT IT'S NOT SUFFICIENT TO ADDRESS ALL OF THE ISSUES. AND I THINK THIS IS WHERE THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH AS WELL. AND I THINK NOT EVERY RESEARCH PROJECT IS GOING TO BE AT THE PHASE THAT IS GOING TO BE DIRECTLY IMPLEMENTAL IN TO POLICY. THERE IS STILL A ROW FOR WHAT I WOULD CALL BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TO UNDERSTAND VARIOUS ASPECTS AND TO PROPOSE OTHER PRACTICAL RESEARCH. BUT THAT -- THERE ARE PHASES WHERE RATHER THAN TRYING TO SAY THIS IS ETHICAL RESEARCH AND THAT IS ETHICAL RESEARCH. THAT WE PLEAD TO LOOK AT THE DETAILS AND SAY THAT A PROJECT WHICH IS PLANNING TO BE DESIGNED IN THE WEST AND THEN THE CLASSIC PARACHUTE PROJECT THEN WE'RE GOING TO SEND THE RESEARCHERS OVER THERE, FIND SOME PEOPLE THAT WILL PARTICIPATE AND THEN TAKE OUR RESULTS HOME. BUT THAT CAN BE MISSING THE ETHICAL VALUE OF ENGAGING WITH THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. THAT LIKEWISE IF RESULTS ARE PRODUCED WHERE THIS COULD REALLY GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICY WHERE THERE ARE IMPORTANT LESSONS THAT NEED TO BE SHARED WITH THE COMMUNITY BE SHARED WITH POLICY MAKERS. 7 BE SHARED WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC -- THAT AGAIN THERE IS AN ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE RESEARCHER NOT SIMPLY TO MOVE ON TO THE NEXT PROJECT. NOT TO GO AFTER THE NEXT PIECE OF FUNDING AND NOT ENOUGH TIME TO DISSEMINATE THE FINDINGS BUT PART OF THAT IS BUILDING IN THE TIME AND SHARE THOSE AND TAKE IT TO THE FINAL STEP AND ENSURE THAT IT IMPACTS THE PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATED AND THOSE AROUND IT. SO AGAIN IT'S PART OF DEVELOPING A BROADER VIEW OF ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES BUT ETHICS IS NOT JUST ABOUT THE IRB AND THE APPROVAL PROCESS IT'S ABOUT EVERYTHING ALONG THE WAY AND LIKEWISE HOW DISSEMINATION HAPPENS AS WELL IS PART OF THE ETHICS -- ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY. ONE OF THE PIT WAY'S EXAMPLES THAT SHE BROUGHT UP WAS RESEARCH THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN DONE IN REFUGEE CAMS AND PHOTOGRAPHS WERE TAKEN DURING THAT AND NOBODY KNEW WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO THOSE PHOTOGRAPHS. YEARS LATER ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE RESEARCH MOVED TO AUSTRALIA AND FOUND HER PHOTOGRAPH BEING USED IN THE MATERIALS THAT AN NGO WAS USING TO RAISE FUNDS AND THAT WAS -- I THINK IS SERIOUS VIOLATION OF THE ETHICAL PRINCIPLE OF JUST GETTING CONSENT FOR IMAGES AND IDEAS AND STORIES BEING SHARED BUT YET I THINK THE PROBLEM IS THAT SOMEWHERE ALONG THE WAY SOMEBODY FORGOT ABOUT THE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENSURING THAT SOMEBODY'S IMAGE IS PRESENTED AND RESPECTED PROPERLY. SO, THAT IS HOW I WOULD APPROACH IT. LOOKING AT ALL OF THE STEPS AND DECISIONS AND REALIZING THERE IS NOT JUST AN ECONOMIC ASPECT. NOT JUST A POLITICAL ASPECT THERE IS AN ETHICAL ASPECT AND WHAT MIGHT THAT BE. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. THERE IS A QUESTION HERE TO DR. DR. -- AND IT IS IN THE CHAT BOX. -I'VE BEEN WORKING IN THE SOMALIA REGION -- HOW DID YOU TACKLE THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THE NATIONAL COLLABORATORS AND RESEARCHERS AND THEN ANOTHER QUESTION IN TERMS OF IMPACT. HOW DO YOU RATE THE PROCESS AND ACTIVITIES DONE TO DEVELOP AND EXECUTE -- PROJECTS TO EMPOWER PEOPLE AND A THIRD ONE IN THE CONTEXT OF SORDI GWYNETH CALL AGAIN -- CONDITIONS. I LEAVE IT TO YOU TO TRY TO MANAGE THESE IN A LIMITED FASHION IF YOU CAN. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. AND I THINK ONE OF THE RESEARCH SITES THAT I WAS ACTUALLY RELATING WHEN I WAS TALKING ABOUT THAT PROGRAM FOR -- RESILIENCE IN SOMALIA IS IN A DISTRICT ON THE BORDER. IT'S CALLED DOLLAR ABDUL AND ONE RESEARCH SITE FOR US WAS DOLLAR AND ACTUALLY WORKS IN THE AREA AND DOLLAR IN THE SOMALIA REGION THAT IS CALLED -- BUT BOTH SIDES THERE IS AN ETHNIC GROUP THAT LIVES IN SOMALIA. WE HAVE A LARGE REGION. ONE AREA THAT TAKES IT SERIOUS. WE WORK WITH DONORS -- THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY GAP WHEN THE PROJECT FUNDED ENDS. WE NOW SEE A CLINIC FUNDED BY AN INTERNATIONAL -- DONOR. WHEN THE PROJECT IS FINISHED -- THAT CLINICS CLOSES SO WE ALWAYS TRY TO WORK WITH DONORS ON TWO ISSUES. ONE IS LOCALIZATION SO THAT THE WHOLE PROJECT IS LOCALIZED AND THEN EXIT THE STRATEGY BASIS. AND NONCOST EXTENSION SO WHEN THE PROJECT IS ABOUT TO END THEY NEED TO TRY TO FIND OUT HOW WE CAN MAKE IT SUSTAINABLE BY ACTUALLY ENGAGING THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. ENGAGING THE LOCAL FUNDER. MAYBE TRANSFERRING IT TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BECAUSE WE ARE USED TO THIS. I CAN SHARE WITH YOU THE DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES WE HAD WHILE WORKING WITH THAT ONE. -- -- ALSO I'VE ELUDED TO IT IN MY PRESENTATION AND THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT. WHETHER IT'S A PROGRAM RELATED IN CAPACITIES. IF IT'S A HEALTH PROJECT WE ALWAYS TRY TO ENCOURAGE THE DONOR AND ALSO THE IMPLEMENT TERRIFIC TO BUILD A LOCAL CAPACITY IN TERMS OF IN SERVICE TRAINING BUT ALSO FROM SORDI WE ALSO DO -- BUILDING FOR OTHER HOSPITALS SO THAT RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- IS LEARNED AND ALSO PART OF IT. I THINK THE THIRD QUESTION WAS ABOUT COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING, BELIEF AND ENGAGEMENT. THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR US. WE HAVE DONE IN THE PAST WE CALL IT KNOWLEDGE -- PRACTICE -- KAP. AND WE KNOW THAT -- BEHAVIOR IS VERY IMPORTANT. YOU CAN BUILD A BEAUTIFUL CLINIC BUT IF THE COMMUNITY IS NOT ACCESSING IT BECAUSE OF CULTURAL BARRIER OR OTHER BARRIERS THAT PROJECT IS NOT SUCCESSFUL. SO WE TRY TO ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY FROM THE START. AND TO KNOW WHAT ARE THEIR PRIORITIES? MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN BENEFICIAL WITH A GOOD HEART CHARITY. THEY BUILD A HOSPITAL WHEN THE VILLAGE ACTUALLY NEEDS A WELL AND WATER. AND WE'VE SEEN THAT. SO I THINK THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT. RECENTLY THE COMMUNITY HELD A PROMOTION. JUST ONE EXAMPLE I WANTED TO SHARE IS SEE SYRIAN SECTION WHEN * A MOTHER CANNOT GIVE BIRTH NATURALLY YOU NEED TO SAVE THE MOTHER. 8 WE HAVE HAD EXPERIENCE SEEING THAT IN SOMALIA NOT THE HUSBAND OR THE WIFE WHO CAN MAKE THAT DECISION OR GIVE CONCEPT. IT'S HER PARENTS. SO SOMETIMES THE FATHER OR BROTHER OF THAT MOTHER SHOULD GIVE CONSENT FOR C SESSION AND WE'VE DONE RESEARCH -- THE CULTURAL IMPACT AND YOU NEED TO LOOK AT * ALL OF THAT WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO DO RESEARCH. -- -- AVAILABLE US TO. OVER TO YOU. >> THANK YOU. SO WE'RE COMING ALMOST TO THE CLOSE OF THE Q&A QUESTIONS. WE HAVE ONE QUESTION THAT I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE FROM THE FLOOR. AND THEN AMIT WILL EXPLAIN ABOUT THE BREAK OUT ROOMS BECAUSE YOU HAVE A CHANCE TO CONTINUE DISCUSSING YOUR QUESTIONS AND IDEAS IN A MORE INFORMAL WAY WITH THE PANELISTS SO THE QUESTION IS I GUESS -- IS MORE SORT OF ADDRESSED TO DONAL BUT OTHERS CAN COMMENT ON IT QUICKLY. THE QUESTION IS FROM MARY ANN AND AND THE HUMANITARIAN RESEARCH OFF HAPPENS IN A TIME OF LIMITED PERIOD. IT OFTEN TAKES TIME TO GET ETHICAL CLEARANCE. >> WELL, 7 AGAIN I'LL TRY TO GIVE A COUPLE OF QUICK POINTS TO THAT. *. THIS IS PROBABLY AN AREA WHERE THE ETHICS REVIEW BOARDS NEED TO LOOK AT THEIR POLICIES AND PROCEDURES AND AT THIS THINK IF THERE TRULY IS AN EMERGENCY AND THE REVIEW CAN TAKE PLACE MORE QUICKLY THAN NORMAL THAT THERE SHOULD BE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THAT CAN BE FACILITATED. AND I THINK WE'VE CLEARLY SEEN THAT DURING COVID-19 THAT ETHICS IRBs THAT MET ONCE A MONTH OR EVERY SECOND MONTH WERE MEETING EVERY DAY IN ORDER TO ALLOW EMERGENCY RESEARCH TO GET STARTED SO I THINK THAT IS PART OF THE ISSUE HERE. I THINK ANOTHER PART IS THAT I THINK A STUDY CAN BE ETHICAL WHETHER IT HAS APPROVAL FROM A REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE IS A SEPARATE THING. JUST BECAUSE THE APPROVAL HAS NOT BEEN OBTAINED IS NOT TRYING TO SAY THIS IS UNETHICAL RESEARCH BUT I THINK THIS IS WHERE OTHER WAYS OF LOOKING AT FUTURE EMERGENCY RESEARCH CAN BE ENCOURAGED SO THAT A PROPOSAL COULD BE PREREVIEWED TO A LARGE EXTENT AND THEN THE FINAL DETAILS SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL RIGHT WHEN THE EMERGENCY HAPPENS. BUT AT THE SAME TIME I THINK SOMETIMES WE HAVE TO ACCEPT THAT IN THE MIDDLE OF AN ACUTE DISASTER MAY NOT BE THE TIME TO TRY TO GET A BRAND-NEW PROJECT UP AND RUNNING. INSTEAD LEAVE IT TO DISASTER RESPONDERS AND WHEN THERE IS APPROPRIATE TIME FOR THE PROPER DESIGN AND APPROVAL TO THEN IMPLEMENT THE RESEARCH PROJECT. >> THANK YOU, -- DONAL. >> THEY FROZE ALL NONCOVID RELATED RESEARCH. SO NONE OF THAT WAS ALLOWED BECAUSE ESPECIALLY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES AND FIELDWORK TO PROTECT THE FIELDWORKERS AND THE RESEARCHERS. EVERYTHING WAS FROZEN. SO THESE ARE QUITE CHALLENGING ISSUES AND I THINK NOW IT'S -- BEFORE I HAND IT BACK TO AMIT TO GUIDE YOU AND ALL OF US THROUGH HOW TO NAVIGATE THE BREAK OUT ROOMS AND THE DISCUSSIONS OVER THERE JUST WANT TO THANK EVERYONE. I WANT TO THANK AMIT, ARENA, ALL OF THE GROUP NIH AUTHORITY THAT HAS BEEN THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THIS WORKSHOP AND EVEN THE COLLECTION OF THE CASE STUDIES AND I WANT TO THANK OUR THREE WONDERFUL PANELISTS FOR BRINGING UP THE POLITICAL AND CHALLENGING QUESTIONS AND WE ALL KNOW THAT IN THESE WORKSHOPS AND DISCUSSIONS WE RAISE MORE QUESTIONS THAN FIND ANSWERS AND THIS IS THE BEAUTY OF AND THE CHALLENGE OF OUR WORK. THANKS AGAIN AND THANKS AMIT AND THE GROUP FORGIVING ME THE OPPORTUNITY TO MODERATE AND BACK TO YOU. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH IMAN AND THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR A GREAT AND INSIGHTFUL DISCUSSION AND THANK YOU ALSO TO OUR AUDIENCE FOR PARTICIPATING TODAY. I HAD ONE QUICK REMINDER. PLEASE KNOW THAT WE HAVE A SIMILAR PROGRAM TOMORROW THAT WILL BE FOCUSING ON CASE STUDIES RELATED TO THE CRISIS IN SYRIA. I PUT THE LINK IN THE CHAT. PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU REGISTER AND JOIN US AT THE SAME TIME. THE PROGRAM IS A TWO-HOUR PROGRAM. THERE MIGHT HAD BEEN SOME CONFUSION IN THE REGISTRATION PROCESS. SO I WANTED TO CLARIFY THAT. NOW WE'RE GOING TO MOVE INTO THE BREAK OUT DISCUSSIONS PORTION OF THE PROGRAM AND I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE A LITTLE BIT OF INFORMATION HOW THAT WILL WORK. THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL OF OUR GUESSES TO INTERACT LESS FORMALLY WITH ALL OF OUR PANELISTS AND EACH WILL BE MOVING INTO A SMALLER ZOOM ROOM AND WHAT WE ASK YOU TO DO IS LOOK ON THE BOTTOM OF YOUR ZOOM INTERFACE AND YOU'LL SEE A BUTTON THAT SAYS BREAK OUT ROOMS. IF YOU DON'T SEE THAT BUTTON CLICK ON MORE AND THEN YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO FIND THE BREAK OUT ROOM OPTION AND IF YOU STILL ARE NOT ABLE TO FIND THE BREAK OUT ROOM IT MIGHT BE YOU HAVE AN OLDER VERSION OF ZOOM AND YOU'LL NEED TO UPDATE. CLICK ON THE BREAK OUT ROOM BUTTON AND I'LL SEE THE NAMES OF THE THREE ROOMS. EACH ROOM HAS A PANELIST AND A TOPIC. DONAL'S ROOM WILL BE FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. YOKE'S ROOM AROUND PARTNERSHIPS AND ABDI ON TRANSLATION. -- RESEARCH INTO POLICY AND PRACTICE ALIGNING UP WITH THEIR PRESENTATIONS AND WHEN YOU GO TO THEIR ROOMS WE'LL DO A BRIEF ROUND OF INTRODUCTIONS AND THEN YOU'LL HAVE A CHANCE TO ASK ANY ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS YOU HAVE FOR THE PANELISTS. AFTER THAT WE ALSO HAVE SOME OF TIME FOR THEM TO POSE QUESTIONS TO YOU ABOUT THE TOPIC AND GET YOUR INPUT AND FEEDBACK SO WE WILL BE MOVING INTO THOSE BREAK OUT ROOMS. A FEW TECHNICAL NOTES. PLEASE KNOW THAT YOU CAN MOVE BETWEEN DIFFERENT ROOMS TO PARTICIPATE IN DIFFERENT DISCUSSIONS BY CLICKING ON THE BREAK OUT BUTTON ONCE MORE AND MOVING TO A DIFFERENT ROOM AND PLEASE BE PATIENT WITH THE PROCESS. IT MAY TAKE A MINUTE OR TO FOR ZOOM TO MOVE YOU INTO A ROOM AND WE'LL WAIT A FEW MINUTES TO MAKE SURE EVERYONE IS ABLE TO NAVIGATE WHERE THEY WANT TO BE. THANK YOU AGAIN FOR PARTICIPATING. PLEASE GO AHEAD AND CLICK ON THE BREAK OUT ROOM BUTTON AND CHOOSE A ROOM AND WE'LL CONTINUE WITH OUR SMALLER GROUP DISCUSSIONS. THANKS, EVERYONE.