>> THANKS FOR JOINING OUR
SESSION.
THANKS TO THE ORGANIZERS FOR THE
OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT THIS
WORK.
OUR PRESENTATION TODAY IS RECENT
ASSESSMENT OF 75 SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS.
I'M NICHOLE LIEBOV, I LEAD THE
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY PROGRAM AT
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FEDERAL
ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, FEMP,
JOINED BY MY COLLEAGUES JAL
DESAI AND ANDY WALKER.
I'D LIKE TO TAKE A QUICK MOMENT
TO THANK THE AGENCY -- AND
SUBAGENCY STAFF WHO PARTICIPATED
IN THIS EFFORT, ESPECIALLY OUR
POINT OF CONTACT AT EACH OF THE
75 SITES.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE
SUPPORT OF SEVERAL COLLEAGUES
INCLUDING RACH AL SHEPARD,
GERALD ROBINSON AND ELIZABETH.
BEFORE WE GET INTO THE
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS AND
METHODOLOGY BEHIND, WE WANTED TO
PROVIDE SOME BACKGROUND ON THE
SCALE OF THE OVERRAL FEDERAL
VOLTAIC LANDSCAPE.
WE HAVE ANALYZED DATA FROM ADOS
-- ACROSS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
BY AGENCY AND YEAR PLACED IN
SERVICE USING DATA FROM FISCAL
YEAR 2020, COMPLIANCE TRACKING
SYSTEM, CTS.
AS YOU CAN SEE FROM THE CHARTS,
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS OVER
3,000 PV SYSTEMS WITH MAJORITY
FROM THE DEPARTMENTS OF DEFENSE
AND INTERIOR WITH GOOD
REPRESENTATION FROM A VARIETY OF
OTHER AGENCIES AS WELL.
ON THE PIECHART ON THE RIGHT YOU
CAN SEE 300 SYSTEMS SINCE 2017,
MANY MORE THAN 10 YEARS OLD.
MORE THAN 900 SYSTEMS INSTALLED
BEFORE 2002, SO VERY BROAD
PORTFOLIO DEMONSTRATES TO ENSURE
LONGEVITY.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS WERE
CONDUCTED FOR SEVERAL KEY
PURPOSES, FIRST WE WANTED TO
IDENTIFY THE PERFORMANCE
POTENTIAL OF THE ASSETS IN ORDER
TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEIR
PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO THE
PREDICTED OR MODELED
PERFORMANCE.
WE ALSO SOUGHT TO PROVIDE
AGENCIES WITH INFORMATION FOR
EACH SITE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE
THEIR OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
BY LEVERAGING, THE RESULTS ARE
ALSO INTENDED TO HELP INFORM
BOTH FUTURE DESIGN DECISIONS AND
FEASIBILITY STUDIES.
DESIGN WILL TAKE THE FORM OF
OPTIMIZING THE INVERTER TO ARRAY
SIZE AND TAKING STEPS TO PREVENT
PARTICULAR MODES OF FAILURE.
FOR FEASIBILITY STUDIES
INFORMATION HOW AN ACTUAL SYSTEM
PERFORMS CAN BE USED TO
CALCULATE LIFE CYCLE COST.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
HERE WE'VE PROVIDED OVERVIEW OF
OUR SAMPLE OF 75 SYSTEMS,
ANALYZED FROM 16 AGENCIES AND
SUBAGENCIES.
YOU CAN SEE FROM THE TABLE WE
HAD A WIDE RANGE OF SYSTEM SIZES
FROM ONE KW TO 4 MEGAWATTS,
WHILE THE AVERAGE WAS SLIGHTLY
OVER 400 KILOWATTS INCLUDING
SYSTEMS GOVERNMENT OWNED AND
THIRD-PARTY OWNED, DOMESTIC AND
INTERNATIONAL LOCATIONS.
AND SITES PROVIDED PRODUCTION
DATA FOR THESE ANALYSES.
WHILE THE MAJORITY OF THE SITES
WERE ABLE TO PROVIDE DAILY
INTERVAL DATA FOR THEIR SYSTEMS
PRODUCTION, SOME WERE LIMITED TO
WEEKLY OR MONTHLY DATA.
LATER ON IN THE PRESENTATION
WE'LL DISCUSS HOW THIS VARIATION
AFFECTS KEY PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR.
WITH THAT I'LL TURN IT OVER TO
JAL.
THANK YOU.
>> HELLO, EVERYONE.
IN THIS CHART BASICALLY, THIS
FLOWCHART SHOWS HOW EACH OF THE
PV PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS WERE
PERFORMED.
SO REQUEST THE AGENCY, SOMEONE
FROM THE AGENCY, STAFF MEMBER,
WOULD SEND THE PRODUCTION METER
OR ACTUAL PV PRODUCTION DATA.
AND THE OVERALL IDEA IS TO
COMPARE THE MEASURED PRODUCTION,
ACTUAL PRODUCTION, THE MODEL
PRODUCTION THROUGH SIMULATION.
SO ONCE WE GET THE PRODUCTION
DATA THROUGH THE PRODUCTION
METER IT CAN BE 15 MINUTES, 30
MINUTES INTERVAL DATA, HOURLY,
WEEKLY, OR MONTHLY.
SO, ALONG WITH THAT WE WOULD
REQUEST SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
INFORMATION AS WELL SUCH AS WHAT
IS THE SYSTEM, THE LOCATION, THE
PANEL, AS WELL AS ALL OF THE
AS-BUILT DRAWINGS.
SO ONCE WE GET THIS INFORMATION
FROM THE SITE, THEN WE WOULD
ACCESS THE HISTORIC SOLAR
RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE
THROUGH NATIONAL SOLAR RADIATION
DATABASE, OR THE WEATHER
COMPANY, SUBSIDIARY OF IBM.
THE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION WITH THE
WEATHER DATA WE WOULD INPUT THAT
IN SAM, A SYSTEM MODEL TO
CALCULATE MODELED PRODUCTION AND
THEN COMPARE THE ACTUAL OR
MEASURED PRODUCTION FROM THE
SITE THAT THEY HAD SHARED WITH
US, WHAT IS THE MODELED
PRODUCTION AND WE WOULD REPORT
OUT AND GENERATE A REPORT.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO, THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE PV
PERFORMANCE REPORT.
FIRST AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE
LEFT-HAND SIDE, WE TALK ABOUT
THE PV SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, MOST
OF THIS INFORMATION IS PROVIDED
BY THE SITE AND WHICH GETS
INPUTTED IN THE SAM.
IF THE PV SYSTEM IS A LABEL, WE
PUT THAT IN THE REPORT, IF THERE
ARE ASSUMPTIONS DURING THE
MODELING WE WOULD STATE THAT.
THEN WE WOULD REPORT OUT THE
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE.
SO BASICALLY WE WOULD REPORT OUT
THREE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
WHICH ANDY WALKER WILL TALK
ABOUT LATER IN THE PRESENTATION.
WE REPORT PERFORMANCE RATIO,
AVAILABILITY, ENERGY RATIO, AND
THEN WE ALSO SHARE THE RESOURCES
WHICH MIGHT BE HELPFUL FOR THE
SITE.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO I WOULD LIKE TO HIGHLIGHT ONE
OF THE CASE STUDIES, MICKEY
LELAND, DEMONSTRATING IMPACT OF
ANALYSIS AND MONITORING.
YOU CAN SEE ON THE LEFT-HAND
SIDE THIS FIGURE SHOWS THE
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AT THE SITE.
SO THE GRAPH SHOWS THE TOTAL
MEASURED PRODUCTION, DARKER
SHADE, COMPARED TO THE TOTAL
DAILY MODEL ESTIMATE WHICH IS IN
LIGHTER SHADE ACROSS FIVE YEARS
AND TWO MONTHS OF THE
PRODUCTION.
SO, AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE GRAPH,
THE PV PRODUCTION DATA INDICATED
A DIP IN PRODUCTION AROUND
AUGUST 2018, WHICH WAS
ATTRIBUTED TO A PROBLEM WITH AN
INVERTER.
GSA, GENERAL SERVICE
ADMINISTRATION STAFF WORKED WITH
THEIR CONTRACTOR TO IDENTIFIED
SPECIFIC ISSUE, AND AFTER THE
REPAIR WAS MADE IN AUGUST 2019
THE PV PRODUCTION RETURNED TO
EXPECTED LEVEL AS YOU CAN SEE.
AND THEN AS I MENTIONED WE
REPORT OUT THREE KEY PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR METRICS, SO
AVAILABILITY, PERFORMANCE RATIO,
ENERGY RATIO.
FOR THIS SITE AVAILABILITY WAS
94%, ENERGY RATIO AROUND 80%.
MY COLLEAGUE ANDY WALKER IS
GOING TO TALK ABOUT THIS
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS.
>> THANK YOU, NICHOLE, FOR THE
INTRODUCTION.
THANKS, JAL, FOR DESCRIBING THE
METHOD.
EACH FEDERAL AGENCY THAT
PARTICIPATED WITH US RECEIVED
THE REPORT THAT JAL DESCRIBED ON
THEIR INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM BUT WE
AGGREGATED THE RESULTS TO GIVE A
PICTURE OF WHAT THE WHOLE SAMPLE
OF 75 LOOKS LIKE.
AND THE KEY PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS THAT WE REFERRED TO
ARE AVAILABILIT AND PERFORMANCE
RATIO.
AVAILABILITY IS THE UPTIME MINUS
THE -- I'M SORRY, UPTIME DIVIDED
BY TOTAL TIME, OR TOTAL TIME
MINUS DOWN TIME MEASURED DIVIDED
BY TOTAL TIME.
THERE'S AN IEC STANDARD 630019
THAT SHOWS AVAILABILITY, DIVIDED
INTO INFORMATION CATEGORIES, SO
A PLANT CAN BE NON-OPERATIVE OR
OPERATIVE, IF IT'S OPERATIVE IT
COULD BE OUT OF SERVICE BECAUSE
THERE'S NO SUNLIGHT OR BECAUSE
THE GRID IS DOWN.
IF IT'S IN SERVICE, IT COULD BE
AT FULL CAPABILITY OR PARTIAL
CAPABILITY.
IF IT'S AT PARTIAL CAPABILITY
COULD BE PERMANENTLY DERATED, OR
TEMPORARILY DEGRADED.
BUT IN TERMS OF WHETHER THE
PLANT IS OPERATIVE OR
NON-OPERATIVE, WE DEFINE DOWN
TIME AS A MEASURED PRODUCTION
LESS THAN 5% OF THE MODEL
PRODUCTION.
SO, IF IT'S NOT PRODUCING AT
LEAST 5% OF MODEL PRODUCTION WE
COUNT THAT AS DOWN TIME.
AND THE INTERVAL WOULD BE 15
MINUTES OR ONE HOUR OR ONE DAY
OR ONE MONTH, BUT WHEN WE GET UP
INTO THE LONGER TIME INTERVALS,
IT MAKES OUR CALCULATION OF
AVAILABILITY LESS ACCURATE THAN
IF WE HAD THE 15 MINUTE OR ONE
HOUR DATA BECAUSE THE SYSTEM
WOULD HAVE TO BE DOWN LESS THAN
5% OF ITS EXPECTED OUTPUT FOR
THE WHOLE MONTH FOR THAT WHOLE
MONTH TO BE COUNTED AS DOWN
TIME.
AND SO HERE'S THE RESULTS OF THE
75 SYSTEMS WITH REGARDS TO THIS
PERFORMANCE METRIC OF
AVAILABILITY.
THE AVERAGE WAS 95% BUT THE
MEDIAN WAS 98%.
WHEN WE SEE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE AVERAGE AND THE MEDIAN IT
MEANS THAT AN OUTLIER IS HAVING
A BIG EFFECT.
AND HERE WE CAN SEE ONE OF THE
75 PLANTS WAS REALLY LOW AT 31
TO 33% AVAILABILITY, BUT, YOU
KNOW, I THINK THE TAKEAWAY
MESSAGE FROM THIS IS THAT
FEDERAL AGENCIES ARE ACTUALLY
DOING A PRETTY GOOD JOB OF
KEEPING THEIR PLANTS UP AND
RUNNING WITH AN AVERAGE
AVAILABILITY OF ABOUT 95%, IT'S
ABOUT EQUIVALENT TO A BENCHMARK
EXPECTATION FOR AVAILABILITY.
AND THEN THE SECOND PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR THAT WE LOOK AT IS
PERFORMANCE RATIO.
AND THAT IS THAT WHEN THE PLANT
IS UP AND RUNNING, IT COULD BE
AT PARTIAL CAPABILITY, SO THERE
MIGHT BE A MEASURED PRODUCTION
WHICH IS LESS THAN THE MODELED
PRODUCTION WHEN THE PLANT IS UP
AND RUNNING, SO THE MEASURED
PRODUCTION COMES FROM THE
PRODUCTION METER IN 15 MINUTE,
HOURLY, DAILY, MONTHLY
INTERVALS, WHATEVER DATA IS
AVAILABLE.
SIMILARLY THERE'S IE C STANDARD
DEFINING PERFORMANCE RATIO,
USING THE COMPUTER MODEL THAT
PREDICTS PERFORMANCE BASED ON
THE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND
COINCIDENT CLIMATE DATA AT JAL
DESCRIBED, CALCULATED WHEN THE
SYSTEM IS AVAILABLE.
SO THESE ARE THE TWO STANDARD
PERFORMANCE METRICS THAT YOU'LL
FIND IN THE STANDARDS,
AVAILABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
RATIO.
WE ALSO INVENTED A THIRD ONE
CALLED ENERGY RATIO WHICH
COMBINES THE EFFECTS AND IT'S
THE TOTAL ENERGY MEASURED
PRODUCTION DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL
ENERGY MODELED PRODUCTION, WHICH
INCLUDES BOTH EFFECTS OF
AVAILABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
RATIO LESS THAN 1.
IN TERMS OF PERFORMANCE RATIO,
WE FOUND WHEN THE SYSTEMS ARE UP
AND RUNNING, THEY ARE DELIVERING
AN AVERAGE OF ABOUT 79% OF THE
MODEL, AND THIS IS VERY CLOSE TO
THE MEDIAN WHICH SHOWS THAT
THERE'S A SYMMETRICAL
DISTRIBUTION THERE.
NOTICE THERE ARE A COUPLE
SYSTEMS, THREE SYSTEMS,
PROVIDING 100% OF THEIR MODELED
OUTPUT.
SO IT'S PROOF IT CAN BE DONE BUT
THERE'S OFTEN MODULES THAT ARE
OUT, MODULE STRINGS ARE OUT,
FUSES ARE BLOWN, A LOT OF LITTLE
REASONS THAT CAN COMBINE TO MAKE
THE MEASURED OUTPUT LESS THAN
THE MODEL OUTPUT.
SO ONE OF THESE WAS AS LOW AS
46%.
IF YOU SEE A PERFORMANCE RATIO
GREATER THAN 100%, IT JUST MEANS
THAT THE EFFICIENCY FACTORS THAT
WE INCLUDED IN OUR MODEL WERE A
LITTLE BIT PESSIMISTIC AND THE
SYSTEM WAS ACTUALLY PERFORMING
BETTER THAN THE MODEL EXPECTED.
SO, WHEN THE PLANT WAS UP AND
RUNNING, IT WAS PROVIDING ABOUT
79% OF WHAT ITS MODEL
EXPECTATION WAS.
THEN REMEMBER WE INVENTED THAT
THIRD METRIC WHICH COMBINES THE
EFFECT OF DOWN TIME AND
PERFORMANCE RATIO LESS THAN 1,
IN THIS ENERGY RATIO, AND THE
AVERAGE ENERGY RATIO OF MEASURED
PRODUCTION TO MODELED PRODUCTION
WAS 75%.
SO THIS METRIC COMBINES EFFECT
OF DOWN TIME AND PERFORMANCE
RATIO.
SO, THIS CHART SUMMARIZES ALL
THOSE RESULTS FROM THE PREVIOUS
THREE SLIDES.
WE CAN SEE THAT IN TERMS OF
AVAILABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
RATIO THERE'S AT LEAST A COUPLE
SYSTEMS WHICH ARE 100%, SO IT'S
PERFORMING AS THE MODEL HAD
PREDICTED.
SO, THE MEASURED AVAILABILITY OF
95% IS PROBABLY EQUIVALENT TO
WHAT AN EXPECTED BENCHMARK
SHOULD BE.
THE PLANT MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO
BE DOWN 5% OF THE TIME FOR
EITHER PLANNED OR UNPLANNED
MAINTENANCE.
PERFORMEDDANCE RATIO OF 79% IS
SOMEWHAT LESS THAN WHAT WE MIGHT
CONSIDER A BENCHMARK OF 85%.
AND THIS IS ASSEMBLED FROM
EXAMINING OTHER STUDIES OF
LARGER NUMBERS OF NON-FEDERAL PV
SYSTEMS.
AND SO ENERGY RATIO OF 75%,
YEAH, THE SYSTEMS ARE UP AND
RUNNING, MAJORITY OF THE TIME
WHEN THEY ARE UP AND RUNNING
THEY ARE PROVIDING THE MAJORITY
OF THE ENERGY THAT WAS
DELIVERED.
SO THEY ARE DELIVERING
PREPONDERANCE OF THEIR EXPECTED
ENERGY PRODUCTION.
BUT IT ALSO DEMONSTRATES OR
INDICATES SOME ROOM FOR
IMPROVEMENT, IF WE COULD GET
THAT PERFORMANCE RATIO UP FROM
79% TO MORE COMMON BENCHMARK
VALUE OF 85%.
SO ONE OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF
THESE KIND OF RESULTS IS AS
NICHOLE STARTED OUT WITH IN THE
DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES,
SO ONE OF THE DESIGN PARAMETERS
FOR A PV PLANT IS HOW MUCH PV
ARRAY WHICH PRODUCES DIRECT
CURRENT DO YOU FEED INTO AN
INVERTER WHICH CONVERTS THAT
INTO AC CURRENT, AND THERE'S
ALSO A TRANSFORMER AND AC POWER
LINE OUT OF THE FACILITY, WHICH
DETERMINE THE SIZE OF THE AC
SIDE OF THE PLANT.
SO HOW BIG SHOULD THE DC SIDE OF
THE PLANT BE COMPARED TO THE AC
SIDE OF THE PLANT?
AND A LOT OF TIMES DESIGNERS
JUST ASSUME THE PERFORMANCE
RATIO IS GOING TO BE ONE AND
THEY COME UP WITH AN OPTIMAL DC
TO AC RATIO OF 1.3.
BUT IF WE ANTICIPATE THE
PERFORMANCE RATIO IS GOING TO BE
LESS THAN 1, IT INDICATES THAT
WE SHOULD BUILD THE DC SIDE OF
THE PLANT BIGGER THAN THE AC
SIDE OF THE PLANT TO -- IN
RECOGNITION OF UNDERPERFORMANCE.
IF PERFORMANCE RATIO GOES DOWN
BY 10% TO 0.9, THE OPTIMAL SIZE
OF THE DC PLANT RELATIVE TO THE
AC PLANT GOES UP TO 1.45, AND IS
THE PERFORMANCE RATIO OF THE PV
ARRAY GOES DOWN YOU CAN SEE THE
RATIO EVEN GOES UP.
SO IT'S INDICATING THAT IF WE
ANTICIPATE SOME UNDERPERFORMANCE
WE WOULD OVERBUILD THE DC SIDE
OF THE PLANT IN THE DESIGN.
AND THEN THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF
THIS CHART SHOWS EFFECT ON
LEVELLIZED COST OF ENERGY, SO
THERE'S A TYPICAL EXAMPLE HERE
OF 100-KILOWATT ROOFTOP SYSTEM
DESCRIBED IN THE REFERENCE, AND
IF I ASSUME THE PERFORMANCE
RATIO AND AVAILABILITY ARE BOTH
100% I COULD CALCULATE LCEO OF
6.9 CENTS.
IF I CONSIDER BENCHMARK
PERFORMANCE RATIO .85,
AVAILABILITY OF .95 IT GOES UP,
IF I USE THE NUMBERS FROM OUR
STATISTICS OF THIS FEMP SURVEY
.78 AND AVAILABILITY OF .95 I
GET LCOE OF .92.
SO IT MAKES SENSE TO ANTICIPATE
AT LEAST SOME LEVEL OF
UNDERPERFORMANCE BEYOND 100%
THAT YOU MIGHT EXPECT.
I'D LIKE TO POINT OUT
LIMITATIONS OF WHAT WE'VE DONE
WITH THIS PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT.
THERE'S SOME GAPS IN THE DATA,
GAPS IN TIME SERIES PERFORMANCE
DATA, IN THOSE CASES WE
NEGLECTED THOSE GAPS.
THE SAMPLE WAS NOT RANDOM EYE
SELECTED.
WE ASKED AGENCIES TO VOLUNTEER
FOR THE STUDY AND IF YOU THINK
ABOUT IT, AN AGENCY IS PROBABLY
MORE LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN
THE STUDY IF THEY DON'T ALREADY
HAVE EYES ON THE SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE.
AND IN THOSE CASES WE ARE
PROBABLY LIKELY TO FIND MORE
UNDERPERFORMANCE, THAN A RANDOM
SAMPLE.
WITH 75 SYSTEMS WE CALCULATED
RELATIVE ERROR TO BE UNDER 10%.
IF WE CALCULATE THE SOURCES OF
UNCERTAINTY IN THE CLIMATE DATA
IN THE MODELING WE COME UP WITH
ABOUT A PLUS OR MINUS 10% IN THE
CALCULATION OF THE PERFORMANCE
RATIO, SO THAT IS A LENS THESE
RESULTS HAVE TO BE VIEWED
THROUGH THAT THEY ARE ON THE
ORDER OF PLUS OR MINUS 10%.
AND REMAINDER OF THE SLIDE IS
SOME OF THE SPECIFICS ABOUT THE
UNCERTAINTY AND RADIATION AND
CALCULATIONS, EVEN THE
PRODUCTION METERING INVOLVED
UNCERTAINTY.
ARRAYS NOT EVALUATED THROUGH
ROUTINE O & M PROGRAM SUFFER
UNDERPERFORMANCE, AND MIGHT BE
OFFLINE ALTOGETHER IN EXTREME
CASES.
UNADDRESSED PROBLEMS COULD
AFFECT PAYBACK OF A PROJECT BUT
ALSO INTRODUCE SAFETY CONCERNS.
A LOT OF TIMES POWER METERS AND
WEATHER STATIONS ARE NOT
REPORTING OUT DUE TO UNRELIABLE
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY, SOMETIMES
THEY HAVE BEEN SHUT OFF FOR
CYBERSECURITY REASONS.
SOMETIMES THEY HAVE BEEN
DISALLOWED TO USE THE FEDERAL
SITE NETWORK.
SOMETIMES THERE'S ERRORS OR
OMISSIONS IN THE PROGRAMMING OF
THE BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM, IF THAT'S BEING USED TO
MONITOR THE SYSTEM.
AND ANOTHER THING IS IF THE
MONITORING IS PROVIDED BY A
THIRD PARTY PLATFORM SOMETIMES
THE LOG-IN CREDENTIALS FOR THOSE
PLATFORMS GET LOST AS STAFF
CHANGES.
IT'S ALSO A LINK -- IT'S OFTEN A
LENGTHY PROCESS TO ALLOCATE
FUNDS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR
SO SOMETIMES WHEN SOMETHING GOES
DOWN IT LOSES SEVERAL MONTHS'
WORD OF PRODUCTION -- WORTH OF
PRODUCTION.
AFTER REPAIRS THERE'S A RETURN
TO EXPECTED GENERATION.
THERE'S DIFFERENT WAYS O&M IS
PROVIDED BY ON-SITE FEDERAL
STAFF BASE OPERATING
CONTRACTORS, INSTALLING
CONTRACTORS, INVERTER COMPANIES
AND SOLAR COMPANIES, MIGHT BE
OTHER SOLAR COMPANIES IN THE
AREA PROVIDING OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE.
SO ALL CAN BE EFFECTIVE BUT
SOMETIMES IT LEADS TO
DISCONNECTED SUCCESSION OF
SERVICES TO KEEP PLANTS RUNNING
PROPERLY.
FOR SMALL SYSTEMS
UNDERPERFORMING IT CAN BE
DIFFICULT TO MAKE FINANCIAL
JUSTIFICATION FOR O & M CONTRACT
BECAUSE THE SYSTEM IS SMALL AND
SAVINGS PER SYSTEM ARE SMALL.
SO, SOME THINGS THAT AGENCIES
CAN DO TO CHECK THE OPERATIONAL
INDICATORS OFTEN.
IT MIGHT BE A PRODUCTION METER,
MIGHT BE JUST A DISPLAY ON THE
FACE PLATE OF THE INVERTER, SO
CHECK THAT FOR PRODUCTION, MAYBE
NOT ON A DAILY BASIS BUT
FREQUENT BASIS AND ERROR
MESSAGES THAT ARE DISPLAYED
THERE.
CONSIDER A SUBSCRIPTION TO A
MONITORING SERVICE WHICH CAN
REPORT ON THE ENERGY DELIVERY
AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
BASICALLY PROVIDING THE SAME
KIND OF ANALYSIS WE HAVE HERE,
AND SEND NOTIFICATIONS TO STAFF
WHEN PROBLEMS ARE DETECTED.
IF YOU HAVE SMALL SYSTEMS
CONSIDER BUNDLING THEM TOGETHER,
FOR MORE EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF
CONTRACTED O&M SERVICES,
DELIVERY OF PREVENTIVE O&M
SERVICES.
IF YOU BROUGHT 10 OR 12 SYSTEMS
UPPED ONE MAINTENANCE OPERATION
IT MIGHT BE MORE EFFICIENT.
DEVELOP A BUDGET THAT INCLUDES
CONTACT INFORMATION, PLANT
OPERATOR AND OWNER, ALSO
EMERGENCY RESPONDERS LIKE FIRE
DEPARTMENT.
INCLUDE AS BUILD,
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE, INVENTORY
OF PARTS, SOURCES OF REPLACEMENT
PARTS, THESE ARE THE -- THIS IS
A CHECKLIST OF WHAT YOU WOULD
EXPECT TO SEE IN AN O&M PLAN.
PLAN TODAY FOR HOW TO FUND
REPAIRS, TALK TO THE BUDGET
PERCENT NOLE AVOID LONG DELAYS
IN FUNDING REPAIRS.
THEY ARE OFTEN UNANTICIPATED,
LIKE A RAINY DAY FUND OR SINKING
FUND THAT CAN FUND REPAIRS OR AT
LEAST KNOW WHAT THE MECHANISM BY
WHICH YOU WOULD REQUEST RAPID
TURNAROUND FUNDING, PLAN FOR BIG
TICKET ITEMS WITH A SHORTER
LIFESPAN.
CONSIDER CONTRACTING O&M TO
LOCAL SERVICE PROVIDERS OR BASE
OPERATING CONTRACTOR AND TO HELP
WITH THIS, FEMP OFFERS A SAMPLE
TEMPLATE TO ADAPT AND CUSTOMIZE.
ALSO, CONSIDER PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTS AS A WAY TO DELIVER O&
M, SO PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS
MEANS A CONTRACTEDDOR DELIVERS
O&M AND AGENCY WOULD PAY ON
CENTS PER KILOWATT HOUR BASIS.
EXTENSION OF ESPC ESA WOULD BE
AN EXAMPLE HOW TO DELIVER O&M TO
A PROJECT.
NOW I'LL TURN IT BACK TO NICHOLE
TO RAMP UP WITH RESOURCES FEMP
OFFERS TO HELP WITH O AND M OF
PV SYSTEMS.
>> THANK YOU, ANDY.
HERE ON THE SLIDE WE HAVE
SEVERAL DIFFERENT ON-DEMAND
TRAININGS AVAILABLE THROUGH
FEMP.
HOSTED ON THE BUILDING DESIGN
WEBSITE.
IF YOU PREVIOUSLY ATTENDED FEMP
TRAINING THESE ARE THERE.
O&M BEST PRACTICES FOR SMALL
SCALE SYSTEMS AND OPTIMAL PV
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND FOUR-PART
SERIES FROM LAST SUMMER WITH
FOCUS TOPIC AREAS ON
ACQUISITION, O&M, PREVENTING AND
RECOVERING FROM DAMAGE.
NEXT SLIDE PLEASE.
SO THIS SLIDE HAS A BROADER
OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT REFERENCES
AND PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE FOR
PV, SOME WHICH WERE MENTIONED IN
THE PRESENTATION EARLIER TODAY.
WE'RE RUNNING TOWARD THE END OF
TIME SO WE'LL PAUSE FOR
QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING AND FOR
ANY QUESTIONS YOU MAY HAVE
ALREADY SUBMITTED.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THIS IS JOAN HUGHES,
MODERATING.
I DON'T SEE ANY QUESTIONS SO
FAR.
>> OKAY.
THANK YOU.
ANDY, WOULD YOU LIKE TO ADD
ANYTHING WHILE WE'RE WAITING FOR
QUESTIONS TO COME IN?
>> JUST POINT OUT THE FIRST LINK
ON THIS RESOURCES SLIDE IS KIND
OF FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS LANDING PAGE FOR A LOT
OF THESE O&M RESOURCES.
>> I'D ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY
INTERESTED TO CHECK OUT THAT
FIRST LINK, OPTIMIZING SOLAR FOR
LONGEVITY, A ONE-STOP SHOP FOR
RESOURCES LISTED HERE.
>> THAT'S A GREAT POINT.
THANK YOU, ANDY.
>> I WANT TO NOTE I HEAR AN OPEN
MIC, IF YOU CAN MUTE YOUR MICS
PLEASE.
IF YOU'RE NOT SPEAKING.
THANK YOU.
>> THERE WAS A QUESTION DURING
THE PLENARY ABOUT RECYCLING OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES, WE THINK
WE FALL UNDER THE SAME RECYCLING
REQUIREMENTS AS COMPUTER
MONITORS AND THINGS LIKES THAT.
ONE OF THESE PUBLICATIONS ABOUT
HALFWAY DOWN THE PAGE, BEST
PRACTICES AT THE END OF PV
PERFORMANCE PERIOD, IS KIND OF A
GUIDE.
IT'S NOT ABOUT RECYCLING BUT
TALKS ABOUT NEED TO RECYCLE, AND
RECYCLING IS AVAILABLE FOR BOTH
PV MODULES AND INVERTERS, ALONG
WITH THE STEEL AND ALUMINUM AND
EVEN CONCRETE.
PROPER RECYCLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC
MODULES CURRENTLY COMES AS A
COST AND WE HOPE IT COMES DOWN
AS THAT INDUSTRY MATURES.
>> THANKS, ANDY.
>> ON THAT OPTIMIZING SOLE
LONGEVITY WE HAVE RESOURCES THAT
MIGHT BE OF INTEREST TO FEDERAL
STAKEHOLDERS IN TERMS OF
PLANNING A NEW PROJECT AND FOR
EXISTING PROJECTS INCLUDING
INTERCONNECTION CHECK LIST IF
YOU'RE LOOKING TO DEVELOP A NEW
PROJECT, TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS, YOU CAN REQUEST
THOSE THROUGH OUR TECHNICAL
SYSTEMS PORTAL.
IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS THAT
YOU OR YOUR SITE HAVE ABOUT
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS WE
WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO REACH
OUT.
AS YOU SEE A QUESTION IN THE
CHAT NOW, DO ANY OF YOUR
ANALYSES INCLUDE OPTIMIZING LIFE
CYCLE DISCHARGE OF LITHIUM ION
BATTERIES?
>> YEAH, CAN I FIELD THAT ONE,
NICHOLE?
>> PLEASE.
>> YEAH, I WOULD REFER YOU TO
THERE'S SOFTWARE, RENEWABLE
ENERGY OPTIMIZATION,
REOPT.NREL.GOV IS THE WEBSITE.
I THINK THAT SOFTWARE IS
DEVELOPED TO TRY TO ANSWER THAT
QUESTION, GIVEN THE SOLAR
RESOURCES, UTILITY RATE
STRUCTURE, THE DEMAND AT THE
SITE SHOULD I BE CHARGING OR
DISCHARGING MY BATTERY RIGHT
NOW?
SO THAT SOFTWARE IS DESIGNED TO
OPTIMIZE THE DISPATCH OF THE
BATTERY, AND IT HAS TO BE
INFORMED BY A BATTERY LIFETIME
CALCULATION AS WELL BECAUSE THE
MORE I EXERCISE THE BATTERY, THE
SOONER IT NEEDS TO BE REPLACED.
SO I THINK THE REOPT SOFTWARE IS
DESIGNED TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.
>> THIS IS DIANA HIRSCHFELD.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PRESENTATION
AND JOAN FOR KICKING THIS OFF.
I'M ALSO MODERATING WITH JOAN.
SORRY FOR MY DELAY EARLIER.
I THINK WE NEED TO WRAP UP AND
MOVE ON.
WE HAVE SO MANY PRESENTATIONS
TODAY.
IF YOU HAVE FURTHER QUESTIONS
PLEASE REACH OUT AND WE CAN GET
THOSE ANSWERED.
AND WITH THAT WE WILL MOVE ALONG
TO OUR NEXT PRESENTATION WHO IS
DUSTIN MAD IN, ENERGY MANAGER AT
THE ALASKA NATIVE TRIBAL HEALTH
CONSORTIUM, RURAL ENERGY
PROGRAM.
DUSTIN, YOU'RE ON MUTE.
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW?
>> YES.
>> I'M DUSTIN MADDEN.
FIRST I WANT TO GIVE A QUICK
OVERVIEW OF WHAT I'M GOING TO
TALK ABOUT TODAY, STARTING OFF
TALKING ABOUT OUR ORGANIZATION,
AND I'M GOING TO DESCRIBE RURAL
WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS HERE IN
ALASKA AND SOME OF THE
CHALLENGES THEY FACE.
IN PARTICULAR, ENERGY AND
AFFORDABILITY CHALLENGES A LOT
OF THESE SYSTEMS FACE.
I'LL TALK ABOUT THE RURAL ENERGY
PROGRAM I MANAGE, AND HOW WE'RE
DEVELOPING CLEAN ENERGY
SOLUTIONS TO TRY TO MEET THESE
CHALLENGES, AND I WANT TO DIVE
INTO TWO CASE STUDIES, FEDERAL
ENERGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT
AWARD THIS YEAR, AND TWO RURAL
COMMUNITIES AMBLER AND CHEVAK.
SO, THE ALASKA NATIVE TRIBAL
HEALTH CONSORTIUM IS A
NON-PROFIT TRIBAL HEALTH
ORGANIZATION, REPRESENTING 229
FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED TRIBES IN
ALASKA.
SO WE'RE BOTH OWNED BY ALASKA
NATIVE PEOPLE AND WE SERVE
ALASKA NATIVE PEOPLE, AND OUR
LEADERSHIP COMES FROM THE
REGIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS
THROUGHOUT ALASKA THAT PROVIDE
SERVICES TO ALASKA NATIVE
PEOPLE.
WE'RE NOT A FEDERAL AGENCY.
WE ARE A TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.
THROUGH THE INDIAN
SELF-DETERMINATION ACT WE HAVE
DEVELOPED A COMPACT AGREEMENT
WITH THE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE
TO BASICALLY ADMINISTER THE
PROGRAMS THAT THE INDIAN HEALTH
SERVICE PREVIOUSLY ADMINISTERED
HERE IN ALASKA.
THOSE INCLUDE PROVIDING HEALTH
SERVICES TO ALASKA NATIVE PEOPLE
AND ALSO PROVIDING PUBLIC HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE NECESSARY FOR
PEOPLE TO BE HEALTHY SO
PARTICULARLY A LOT OF WATER AND
SEWER SYSTEMS.
SO, I SHOULD GIVE A LITTLE BIT
OF BACKGROUND ABOUT MYSELF
BECAUSE I'M GOING TO BE TALKING
ABOUT RURAL ALASKAN COMMUNITIES,
ALASKA NATIVE PEOPLE, I GREW UP
IN RURAL ALASKA COMMUNITY, NOME,
REMOTE COMMUNITY, NO ROADS
LEADING IN OR OUT, YOU HAVE TO
FLY TO GET THERE.
AND MY MOM'S SIDE OF THE FAMILY
IS ORIGINALLY FROM THIS REGION,
I'M PART NUPAK WITH HER FAMILY,
FROM THE TINY VILLAGE OF WALES,
AND ON THE OTHER SIDE PART
PENNSYLVANIA REDNECK.
AND SO I JUST SAY THIS SO THAT
YOU ALL KNOW THAT I'M INTIMATELY
FAMILIAR AND HAVE LIVED WITH THE
CHALLENGES A LOT OF RURAL
COMMUNITIES FACE, ALSO I'M
REALLY COMMITTED TO BEING PART
OF THE SOLUTION TO TRY TO
OVERCOME SOME OF THE ENERGY
CHALLENGES AND FEEL REALLY LUCKY
THAT I'M ABLE TO, YEAH, I'M ABLE
TO BE PART OF THIS.
SO, OUR VISION AS AN
ORGANIZATION IS THAT ALASKA
NATIVE PEOPLE ARE THE HEALTHIEST
PEOPLE IN THE WORLD.
THAT'S OUR ULTIMATE GOAL.
I'M GOING TO WALK THROUGH AND
SHOW HOW THAT END GOAL HAS LED
US TO IMPLEMENTING CLEAN ENERGY
SOLUTIONS TO SUPPORT THIS GOAL,
IT COMES DOWN TO THESE WATER AND
SEWER SYSTEMS BECAUSE IN ALASKA
WE STILL HAVE A NUMBER OF
COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE NO PIPED
WATER AND SEWER SERVICE.
THERE'S 32 UNSERVED COMMUNITIES,
A LOT OF COMMUNITIES THAT DO
HAVE PIPED WATER AND SEWER
SERVICE THEY ARE DIFFICULT TO
OPERATE AND MAINTAIN IN THESE
ARCTIC AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS,
SO THEY GET FROZEN OR DAMAGED,
LEADING TO BOIL WATER NOTICES.
SO OUR GOAL IS TO KEEP PEOPLE
HEALTHY.
WE NEED CLEAN WATER FOR THAT,
FOR SURE.
AND IMPORTANTLY YOU NEED
SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES OF CLEAN
WATER.
CDC RESEARCH FOUND IN
COMMUNITIES WITHOUT PIPED WATER
AND SEWER SERVICE IN ALASKA WERE
CONSUMING 2.5 GALLONS A DAY,
BELOW REFUGEE STATUS.
THEY WERE NOT GETTING SUFFICIENT
QUANTITIES OF WATER.
OTHER RESEARCH IN THE FIELD
LOOKED AT THESE COMMUNITIES
SPECIFICALLY AND FOUND MUCH
HIGHER RATES OF RESPIRATORY
INFECTIONS AND SKIN INFECTIONS.
SOBERING STATISTICS OUT OF THE
RESEARCH 1 OUT OF 3 INFANTS WILL
BE HOSPITALIZED WITH RESPIRATORY
INFECTION IN THEIR FIRST YEAR OF
LIFE IN COMMUNITIES THAT DON'T
HAVE PIPED WATER AND SEWER
SERVICE.
SO THAT'S THE REAL HEALTH IMPACT
THAT WE'RE TRYING TO MITIGATE,
TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW CAN WE
MAKE SURE THAT COMMUNITIES CAN
BE SERVED WITH ADEQUATE
QUANTITIES OF WATER AND ADEQUATE
QUANTITIES OF WATER THEY CAN
AFFORD.
SO, IN ORDER TO KIND OF
UNDERSTAND THE ENVIRONMENT WE'RE
WORKING IN I'M GOING TO TALK
ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS TO WORK IN
RURAL ALASKA BECAUSE IT'S A
PRETTY LOGISTICALLY CHALLENGING
PLACE FOR A LOT OF REASONS.
SO NUMBER ONE, THE COMMUNITIES
WE'RE WORKING IN ARE GENERALLY
EXTREMELY REMOTE.
VERY, VERY, VERY FEW OF THEM CAN
BE REACHED BY ROAD.
ALMOST ALL OF THEM REQUIRE AT
LEAST ONE PLANE FLIGHT, MOST
ACTUALLY REQUIRE TWO PLANES
FLIGHTS, FLYING TO A RURAL HUB
AND GET ON A SMALL 6 OR 8-SEATER
PLAIN TO GET TO THE COMMUNITY
WE'RE WORKING IN, MAKING IT
EXPENSIVE TO GET MATERIALS IN,
DIFFICULT TO GET SPECIALIZED
LABOR IN THE COMMUNITIES.
ALSO MAKES IT VERY EXPENSIVE FOR
THE ENERGY ITSELF BECAUSE
TYPICALLY MOST OF THESE
COMMUNITIES ARE RUNNING OFF OF
DIESEL OIL AND SO THAT HAS TO BE
SHIPPED IN TO A COMMUNITY IN
SOME WAY SO ENERGY COSTS ARE
EXTREMELY HIGH.
THESE ARE ALSO TINY COMMUNITIES.
SCALE IS QUITE SMALL.
MOST OF THE COMMUNITIES ARE
UNDER A THOUSAND PEOPLE, WHICH
MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR THERE TO
BE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIES OF
SCALE, ESPECIALLY USER BASED TO
MAINTAIN A COMPLEX SEWER SYSTEM
AND DIFFICULT TO BE ABLE TO
DEVELOP THE KIND OF VERY
SPECIALIZED SORT OF SKILLS YOU
WOULD NEED TO BE ABLE TO OPERATE
IN SOME OF THESE SYSTEMS.
OBVIOUSLY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
ALASKA HERE.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT EXTREMELY
COLD CLIMATES.
SO THIS HAS A LOT OF IMPACT, ONE
IT PUTS THESE SYSTEMS AT RISK
FOR FREEZING, APPARENTLY OFTEN.
IT'S PRETTY LOW TOLERANCE
ENVIRONMENT.
BUT ALSO BECAUSE MOST OF THESE
COMMUNITIES THAT WE'RE WORKING
IN, MANY AT LEAST, ARE ON
PERMAFROST SOILS, AND YOU CAN'T
PUT ANYTHING THAT IS HEATED
DIRECTLY ON PERMAFROST SOILS,
OTHERWISE YOU MELT IT AND THEN
YOU'LL HAVE SETTLING AND YOUR
INFRASTRUCTURE WILL COME TO
PIECES, ALL OF THESE WATER AND
SEWER SYSTEMS IN REMOTE ARCTIC
COMMUNITIES HAVE TO BE BUILT
ABOVE GROUND, SO THAT IS A
SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE THESE
SYSTEMS FACE.
FINALLY, SO RURAL ALASKA NATIVE
COMMUNITIES OFTEN HAVE A LOT OF
STRENGTHS, THEY OFTEN HAVE A
STRONG CULTURE, VERY STRONG
SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY, WITH MOST
PEOPLE GETTING THEIR FOOD FROM
HUNTING AND FISHING, MUCH IN THE
SAME WAY THAT'S BEEN DONE FOR
10,000+ YEARS, THEY OFTEN HAVE
STRONG SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES AND
MANY ALSO HAVE GOOD CASH
ECONOMIES BUT THERE ARE QUITE A
FEW COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE
LIMITED CASH ECONOMIES.
SO, I WANT TO DIG MORE INTO THE
IMPACTS OF THE COLD CLIMATE ON
THESE REMOTE WATER AND SEWER
SYSTEMS.
YOU CAN SEE HERE THIS PICTURE ON
THE RIGHT SHOWS WATER AND SEWER
IN ST. MICHAEL, NORTHWEST
ALASKA.
WE'VE GOT WATER THAT YOU'RE
PIPING ABOVE GROUND SO YOU DON'T
YOU CAN IMAGINE YOU'RE IN
ALASKA, IT'S COLD.
YOU'VE GOT WATER ABOVE GROUND,
IF YOU DON'T DO ANYTHING TO IT
IT WILL FREEZE.
YOU CAN SEE WE'VE GOT AN H ON
THESE DIAGRAMS, ADDING HEAT, IN
ALASKA THAT MEANS THROUGH A
BOILER, VERY EXPENSIVE.
YOU HAVE TO CONSTANTLY CIRCULATE
THE WATER, SO THAT IT DOESN'T
FREEZE.
SO SYSTEMS ARE VULNERABLE, IF
HEATING SYSTEMS AREN'T
FUNCTIONING THEY CAN QUICKLY
FREEZE AND ARE ENERGY INTENSIVE
TO OPERATE.
AND THAT ENERGY INTENSITY MEANS
THAT IT'S QUITE EXPENSIVE.
THESE SYSTEMS CAN ACCOUNT FOR UP
TO A THIRD OF THE TOTAL
COMMUNITY ENERGY COSTS, JUST FOR
WATER AND SEWER.
AND TO GIVE PERSPECTIVE, RECENT
RESEARCH FROM UNIVERSITY OF
ALASKA, ENERGY COSTS ARE BETWEEN
70 AND 300 TIMES HIGHER ON A PER
CAPITA BASIS THAN ENERGY COSTS
FOR WATER AND SEWER NATIONALLY.
SO IT'S A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE
BURDEN TO THESE COMMUNITIES.
RESEARCH THAT WE DID INTERNALLY
LOOKING AT ENERGY COSTS AS
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME
IN CRUCIAL COMMUNITIES FOUND
IT'S ALSO A BURDEN ON LOCAL
FAMILIES.
ON AVERAGE DEPENDING ON SYSTEM
TYPE AND PARTICULAR COMMUNITY
JUST THE ENERGY COSTS FOR THESE
WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS
EQUIVALENT TO BETWEEN 4 AND 7%
OF MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME, SO
PRETTY SIGNIFICANT BURDEN ON THE
COMMUNITIES.
AND A SIGNIFICANT COST FOR
COMMUNITIES TO AFFORD THIS WATER
AND SEWER, ESSENTIAL SERVICES
NEEDED FOR HEALTH.
THE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION RANKS
ABILITY OF COMMUNITIES TO AFFORD
WATER AND SEWER RATES AND MORE
THAN HALF OF RURAL ALASKAN
COMMUNITIES ARE CONSIDERED TO
HAVE A HIGH COST BURDEN FROM
WATER AND SEWER BILLS, THE
PROBLEM WITH THIS -- MANY
PROBLEMS WITH THIS, BUT REALLY
PUTS COMMUNITIES IN THE TOUGH
PLACE, A LOT OF CITY AND TRIBAL
ADMINISTRATORS SEE THAT MANY
FAMILIES CAN'T AFFORD THE WATER
AND SEWER BILLS, THEY ARE PUT IN
THE PLACE OF HAVING TO TURN OFF
THE WATER AND SEWER KNOWING THE
IMPACTS THAT IT WILL HAVE ON THE
FAMILY AND AGAIN IN THE SMALL
COMMUNITIES IT'S A TOUGH
DECISION BECAUSE CERTAINLY YOUR
NEIGHBOR BUT ALSO LIKELY A
RELATIVE, AUNT OR UNCLE WHOSE
WATER YOU'RE SHUTTING OFF.
THAT'S OPTION A, BAD.
OPTION B, EQUALLY BAD, YOU DON'T
COLLECT WATER AND SEWER RATES AS
WATER AND SEWER FEES AND DON'T
HAVE THE MONEY AS A COMMUNITY TO
AFFORD THESE REALLY EXPENSIVE
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
PARTICULARLY IN THE ENERGY
COSTS, WHICH THEN JEOPARDIZES
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT THAT'S
HAPPENED OVER THE PAST THREE OR
FOUR DECADES.
IN RESPONSE, CONSORTIUM SAW THE
VISION THAT ALASKA NATIVE PEOPLE
ARE THE HEALTHIEST PEOPLE IN THE
WORLD, YOU NEED WATER AND SEWER.
ENERGY COSTS ARE JEOPARDIZING
OUR ABILITY TO PROVIDE THIS
CLEAN WATER AND SEWER AND SO WE
STARTED THE RULE ENERGY PROGRAM
OVER A DECADE AGO.
AND HAVE DONE CLEAN ENERGY
PROJECTS, 86 COMMUNITIES
THROUGHOUT ALASKA, WE ESTIMATE
ANNUAL SAVINGS TO THESE
COMMUNITIES IS $3.4 MILLION,
ESPECIALLY FOR MANY PLACES, A
LARGE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS MAY NOT
SEEM LIKE A HUGE AMOUNT BUT
SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT, MAKES THE
SYSTEMS WAY MORE AFFORDABLE.
BECAUSE THERE'S A SMALL
POPULATION AT EACH OF THEM
$4.3 MILLION EQUATES TO ABOUT
$560 ANNUALLY PER FAMILY, IN
EACH OF THESE 86 SMALL
COMMUNITIES, MAKING WATER AND
SEWER SIGNIFICANTLY LESS
EXPENSIVE FOR THEM.
WE'VE DONE THIS THROUGH A
VARIETY OF PROJECTS.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS THE
LOW-HANGING FRUIT, MOST COST
EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE ENERGY
COSTS.
HEAT RECOVERY FROM DIESEL-FIRED
POWER PLANTS HAS BEEN ANOTHER
PROJECT THAT WE'VE PURSUED FOR
THE LARGE SAVINGS.
WE'VE ALSO LOOKED AT BIOMASS
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN PART
BECAUSE IT HELPS KEEP MONEY IN
THE LOCAL ECONOMY, CREATING
JOBS.
WE'VE ALSO DONE SOLAR PV
SYSTEMS, RENEWABLES, HYDRO,
LOOKED AT LOTS OF WAYS TO REDUCE
ENERGY COSTS OF RURAL
COMMUNITIES SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS.
NOW I WANT TO GO INTO A COUPLE
DIFFERENT CASE STUDIES OF RECENT
PROJECTS.
ONE IN THE COMMUNITY OF AMBLER
WHICH IS IN NORTHWEST ALASKA,
OFF THE COAST AS YOU CAN SEE, A
SMALL COMMUNITY, POPULATION 260,
SMALL INUPIAQ COMMUNITY, HIGH
ENERGY COSTS BECAUSE IT'S REMOTE
AND REQUIRES A BARGE SHIP FUEL
UPRIVER THROUGH A RELATIVELY
SMALL RIVER, COST OF GETTING
FUEL TO THE COMMUNITY IS HIGH SO
THE COST OF PRODUCING
ELECTRICITY IS ALSO HIGH.
69 CENTS A KILOWATT HOUR.
WITH RECENT OIL PRICE SHOCKS
RESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL PRICE IS
$12.36 A GALLON, WHICH YOU CAN
IMAGINE IS A SIGNIFICANT BURDEN
ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ARCTIC
ALASKA, VERY COLD ENVIRONMENT.
MEASURING HOW MUCH YOU HAVE TO
HEAT, AMBLER HAS 16,000,
SIGNIFICANTLY MORE THAN D.C. ON
THE EAST COAST, SO MUCH HIGHER
HEATING LOAD FOR THAT COMMUNITY.
WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT BIOMASS
SYSTEMS, PRIMARILY WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT BOILERS WE THINK ARE THE
SOLUTION FOR RURAL ALASKA, IN
PART BECAUSE THEY ARE RELATIVELY
LOW MAINTENANCE, AND THEY ARE
SORT OF A TECHNOLOGY THAT PEOPLE
ARE USED TO, SORT OF TRADITIONAL
TO CUT WOOD FOR HEAT.
AND, AGAIN, THERE'S THIS BENEFIT
OF INSTEAD OF PAYING FOR
EXPENSIVE FUEL FROM OUTSIDE
YOU'RE PAYING FOR PEOPLE LOCALLY
TO CUT THE WOOD, SPLIT IT, STACK
IT, AND THEN REGULARLY STOKE
THESE SYSTEMS.
SO NOT ONLY DOES IT SAVE MONEY
BECAUSE IT'S LESS EXPENSIVE THAN
HEATING OIL AND MONEY STAYS IN
THE COMMUNITY AND CIRCULATES
THROUGH THE ECONOMY, A GOOD
SOLUTION FOR A LOT OF DIFFERENT
REASONS, IN THESE SMALL
COMMUNITIES.
THESE SYSTEMS, A GLORIFIED WOOD
STOVE WRAPPED IN A WATER JACKET,
LOW EMISSION, HIGH EFFICIENCY,
VERY HIGH HEAT, AND ALSO HAS
SECONDARY GASIFICATION CHANGER,
THE SYSTEM IS ABLE TO HAVE MUCH
HIGHER EFFICIENCIES THAN A
NORMAL AT-HOME WOOD STOVE.
THE ONE DOWN SIDE OF THESE
SYSTEMS, WE BUILD THIS INTO A
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM, AND
BECAUSE IT WINDS UP BEING AN
AFTERTHOUGHT THERE'S ADDED
EXPENSE IN COMPLEXITY WHEN YOU
HAVE TO INTEGRATE, LOTS OF
EXISTING HEATING SYSTEMS, SOME
EASY, SOME MORE DIFFICULT TO DO.
ANYTIME WE'RE LOOKING AT A
BIOMASS PACKAGE NUMBER ONE IS
WOOD RESOURCE STUDY TO ENSURE
THERE'S SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF
TIMBER IN THE AREA, AND IN A LOT
OF COMMUNITIES THIS IS
DEFINITELY THE CASE.
VERY TINY COMMUNITIES, AND
REMOTE PLACES IN ALASKA, HUGE
AMOUNTS OF LAND AROUND THEM.
A BIG JOKE IN ALASKA IS, YOU
KNOW, IF YOU CUT ALASKA IN HALF,
TEXAS WOULD BECOME THE THIRD
LARGEST STATE.
A LOT OF THESE PLACES DOZENS OF
MILES AROUND THERE'S NO ONE
ELSE, OFTEN A BIG TIMBER
RESOURCE, MORE DIFFICULTY IS
FIGURING OUT HOW TO ACCESS THAT
RESOURCE.
IN AMBLER, THE BEST WAY TO
HARVEST THE WOOD IS VIA
SNOWMOBILE WHICH WE CALL SNOW
MACHINES HERE IN ALASKA SO RIGHT
NOW IS THE BEST TIME FOR PEOPLE
IN AMBLER TO HARVEST WOOD.
TEMPERATURES ARE SLIGHTLY
WARMER, STILL THE GROUND IS
COVERED WITH SNOW EVERYWHERE SO
THEY ARE ABLE TO DRIVE OUT ON
THE SNOWMOBILE, HARVEST WOOD,
AND SLED IT TO THE COMMUNITY.
ONE INNOVATION WE'RE PROUD OF WE
DESIGNED IT TO BE MODULAR SO
BASICALLY IT'S KIND OF A BIOMASS
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM IN A
BOX.
AND SO IT FITS INTO THE SHIPPING
CONTAINER, IS ABLE TO BE
CONSTRUCTED PRIMARILY IN URBAN
ALASKA, AND WE THINK THIS IS A
REALLY GOOD REASON FOR -- A
REALLY GOOD IDEA FOR A COUPLE
REASONS.
THE BIGGEST ONE BEING THAT RURAL
ALASKA HAS A VERY SHORT
CONSTRUCTION SEASON.
BY THE TIME THE RIVERS ARE ICE
FREE AND WE'RE ABLE TO GET A
BARGE INTO THESE PLACES THERE'S
OFTEN ONLY THREE OR FOUR MONTHS
BEFORE THE GROUND WILL BE FROZEN
AGAIN.
SO THIS ALLOWS US TO EXPAND
CONSTRUCTION SEASON, DO A LOT OF
COMPLEX WORK HERE IN ANCHORAGE
OVER THE WINTER AND SHIP IT OUT
FIRST THING ON THE BARGE IN THE
SUMMER, SO IT HELPS EXTEND
CONSTRUCTION SEASON, MAKES THE
PROJECT RESILIENT AND IN
PARTICULAR DURING COVID THIS
REALLY HELPED US BECAUSE IT
ALLOWED US TO KIND OF FOLLOWING
STRICT SAFETY PROTOCOLS BUILD IN
ANCHORAGE WITHOUT HAVING TO SEND
PEOPLE TO THE COMMUNITY.
YOU CAN IMAGINE PARTICULARLY
BEFORE VACCINES WERE READILY
AVAILABLE, WE DON'T WANT TO
BRING CASE NUMBER ONE OUT TO ONE
OF THESE REMOTE COMMUNITIES
BECAUSE THE PEOPLE ARE TWO PLANE
FLIGHTS FROM REAL HOSPITAL CARE.
SO WE WERE REALLY HAPPY WITH OUR
DECISION TO MAKE THIS SYSTEM
MODULAR IN PART BECAUSE IT
HELPED US BUILD IT HERE AND
REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF RISK WE
HAVE BY BRINGING THIS TO THE
COMMUNITY DURING TIMES OF COVID.
THEN WE SENT OUT SHIPPING
CONTAINERS, LOCAL LABOR
PRIMARILY WAS ABLE TO BUILD A
PAD, BUILD FOUNDATION, ABLE TO
PLOP THAT SHIPPING CONTAINER ON
THE FOUNDATION AND BUILD A ROOF
OVERHEAD FOR WOOD STORAGE AND
FINALLY START TO BUILD AND
CONNECT THE DISTRICT HEATING
SYSTEM, PIPING THAT WILL PIPE
THE HEAT FROM THESE BIOMASS
BOILER SYSTEMS TO WASHETERIA AND
COMMUNITY BUILDINGS TO REDUCE
ENERGY COSTS.
OVERALL WE'RE HAPPY WITH THE
PROJECT.
IT KEEPS MONEY IN THE COMMUNITY,
LOCAL JOBS FOR WOOD HARVESTING
AND OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM.
IT'S GOING TO REDUCE COST OF
WATER AND SEWER.
IT'S PRETTY EASY TO COME IN
BELOW $12.36 A GALLON HEATING
OIL AS THE OTHER OPTION AND
INCREASES RESILIENCY OF THE
SYSTEM BY ADDING ANOTHER FULLY
REDUNDANT CLEAN ENERGY HEATING
SYSTEM NOW, YOU KNOW, IF THE
MAIN HEATING SYSTEM FAILS, OLD
BOILERS AREN'T WORKING, YOU HAVE
THIS BACKUP SYSTEM SO YOUR WATER
AND SEWER SYSTEM WILL NOT
FREEZE.
SO THAT'S ONE OF OUR CASE
STUDIES HERE.
NEXT COMMUNITY CASE STUDY I WANT
TO TALK ABOUT IS CHEVAK, A CUPIK
COMMUNITY, WESTERN ALASKA, A
THOUSAND PEOPLE, A LITTLE MORE
ACCESSIBLE BY LARGE SO FUEL
PRICES TEND TO BE A LITTLE BIT
LESS EXPENSIVE THAN AMBLER BUT
STILL NOT CHEAT, 51 CENTS A
KILOWATT HOUR IS NOT CHEAP, NOR
IS $5.10 A GALLON HEATING OIL,
AND THESE ARE OLD PRICES.
A LITTLE FARTHER SOUTH, NOT AS
INTENSELY COLD MEASURED BY
HEATING DEGREE DAYS BUT STILL
SIGNIFICANTLY MORE THAN ALL
PLACES IN THE LOWER 48.
THIS HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
ESSENTIALLY IS RECOVERING WASTE
HEAT FROM THE DIESEL GENERATORS
AT THE POWER PLANT, GENERATORS
ALWAYS HAVE TO BE COOLED, BEFORE
WE CAME IN THEY WERE RADIATING
THEIR HEAT TO THE OUTSIDE,
WASTING IT.
WE COME IN AND INSTALL A SYSTEM
THAT CAPTURES THAT WASTE HEAT,
PUMPS THROUGH A HEAT EXCHANGER
THAT TIES INTO A DISTRICT
HEATING LOOP THAT CAN KEEP THE
PUMPHOUSE, WATER STRONGER TANK
ABOVE-GROUND WATER CIRCULATION
LOOP TO PROVIDE HEAT TO THE
WATER AND IN SOME CASES, IN THIS
CASE WE ADDED ONE OR TWO OTHER
COMMUNITY BUILDINGS NEARBY TO
PIPE THAT HEAT TO.
THE RESULT IS SIGNIFICANT
SAVINGS TO THE COMMUNITY, WE'RE
TALKING IN A COMMUNITY THIS
SMALL, 15,000-GALLON FUEL OIL
HEATER, PRETTY LARGE.
AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE
COMMUNITY.
SO JUST TO GIVE BACKGROUND
BEFORE WE CAME INTO THIS
COMMUNITY OF CHEVAK, THE CITY
WAS STRUGGLING WITH DEBT, DIDN'T
HAVE ANY MONEY IN RESERVE FOR
PARTS AND REPAIRS, FOR
SANITATION SYSTEM.
SYSTEM WAS DEFINITELY HIGH RISK
OF DEGRADING QUICKLY.
WE CAME IN, INSTALLED THE HEAT
RECOVERY PROJECT, WE ALSO DID A
COUPLE OTHER PROJECTS, SIMILAR
TIME FRAME I GUESS, ENERGY
EFFICIENCY RETROFIT, PROVIDED
TRAINING TO LOCAL OPERATORS TO
MORE EFFICIENTLY MANAGE THE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THAT
PLANT.
AND WE ALSO INTEGRATED A
DISPATCHABLE ELECTRIC BOILER
SYSTEM TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL
HEAT.
WITH ALL THESE MEASURES COMBINED
THE COMMUNITY IS NOW DOING MUCH
BETTER.
THEY HAVE SIGNIFICANT RESERVES
FOR OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
SO IF WE HAVE SERIOUS
MAINTENANCE NEEDS THEY CAN NOW
AFFORD THAT AND KEEP THIS CLEAN
WATER FLOWING TO COMMUNITIES.
AND THEY WERE ABLE TO
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE RATES TO
LOCAL FAMILIES AT THE SAME TIME,
CUTTING THEM BY ABOUT HALF.
SO $80 A MONTH, THAT'S ALMOST
$1,000 PER YEAR PER FAMILY, A
REALLY BIG WIN, HIGHLIGHTING
CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS SUPPORTING
OUR HEALTH GOALS.
THAT'S ULTIMATELY WHAT WE'RE
TRYING TO DO WITH THIS RURAL
ENERGY PROGRAM, MAKE SURE THAT
WE CAN LOWER THE COSTS OF
PROVIDING CLEAN WATER AND
HEALTHY WASTE WATER SERVICES,
AND WITH THOSE SYSTEMS MORE
RESILIENT BY HAVING THAT FULLY
REDUNDANT SECOND HEATING SYSTEM
TO REDUCE RISK OF FREEZE-UP BY
HAVING ENOUGH NUMBER FOR
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE,
REDUCING COSTS, LASTING LONGER,
FEWER TIMES THE COMMUNITY IS ON
A BOIL-WATER NOTICE AND HELPS
MITIGATE VOLATILE OIL PRICES
WE'RE SEEING BECAUSE THESE
COMMUNITIES ARE REMOTE, THEY ARE
PRETTY DEPENDENT UPON GLOBAL OIL
PRICES, RIGHT NOW SPIKED
SIGNIFICANTLY AND RIGHT NOW THE
COMMUNITIES ARE SUFFERING.
HAVING SYSTEMS LIKE BIOMASS OR
HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS, USING
LOCAL SUPPLY OR WASTE HEAT WILL
MITIGATE OIL PRICES IN THESE
COMMUNITIES AND IT HELPS TOWARDS
ENSURING THESE SYSTEMS OPERATE
AND ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE CLEAN
WATER AND HEALTHY WASTEWATER TO
OUR COMMUNITIES.
WITH THAT, WE'VE GOT A FEW
MINUTES LEFT BUT I WANT TO THANK
YOU FOR INVITING ME AND ASK IF
THERE ARE QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS.
>> I'M POSTING POSTING
QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT.
>> WE HAVE ONE MINUTE SO WE
MIGHT HAVE TO GATHER THESE
QUESTIONS AND GET THEM DO YOU
LATER, DUSTIN.
BUT MAYBE THE FIRST ONE, AN
INTERESTING QUESTION, ABOUT THE
CO2 EMISSIONS.
WHAT KIND OF CO2 EMISSIONS ARE
YOU SEEING ON THE BOILER?
>> ON THE BIOMASS BOILER?
>> YEAH, THE CORDWOOD BOILER.
>> YEAH, GOOD QUESTION.
WE HAVEN'T REALLY DONE A
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE CO2
MISSIONS, YEAH, THERE ARE CO2
EMISSIONS.
I DON'T KNOW HOW THAT WORKS OUT
RELATIVE TO FUEL OIL-FIRED
BOILER.
I GUESS I WOULD SAY IT'S AT
LEAST NOT GOING TO BE WORSE
SINCE THESE ARE HIGH EFFICIENCY
WOOD-FIRED BOILERS, MOST ARE
SIGNIFICANTLY LESS EMISSION.
>> ALL RIGHT.
OKAY.
SO, THERE IS A QUESTION ABOUT
HOW THIS THE SLIDES WILL BE
DISTRIBUTED.
THE PRESENTATIONS, MANY OF THE
PRESENTATIONS, IF IT'S APPROVED
BY THE ORGANIZATIONS, WILL BE
POSTED ON FED CENTER SO YOU'LL
BE ABLE TO HAVE ACCESS TO THOSE
LATER.
>> STAINABILITY PROJECT MANAGER,
DOE ARGONNE LABOR TO, AND KERRI
HARTUNG, WITH THAT I WILL TURN I
WILL TURN IT RIGHT OVER.
ON MY END YOUR VOLUME IS QUITE
LOW.
I'M NOT SURE --
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME?
>> THAT'S BETTER NOW.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND START.
GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYBODY.
I'M JOFREY QUINTANAR, STRATEGIC
PLAN PROJECT MANAGER AT ARGONNE
NATIONAL LAB, ONE OF 17 NATIONAL
LABS SUPPORTED BY THE U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, ARGONNE IS
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY LAB WITH
BROAD CAPABILITIES, SUCH AS
DISCOVERY SCIENCE, ENGINEERING,
COMPUTATION ANALYSIS, AND
OPERATION OF SCIENTIFIC USER
FACILITIES.
WE HAVE AROUND 1700 ACRES
CAMPUS, 5.3 MILLION SQUARE FEET
OF REAL ESTATE, 162 BUILDINGS,
ROUGHLY 43 TO 45 YEARS OLD IN
AVERAGE, OVER 3200 EMPLOYEES,
200 FACILITY USERS, IT'S A LARGE
CAMPUS AND WE ARE OPERATED BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
ARGON, CONTINUING THE
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD WAR
II MANHATTAN PROJECT BEFORE OUR
FOUNDING IN 1946 AS ONE OF THE
NATION'S FIRST NATIONAL
LABORATORIES.
SO IN THIS PRESENTATION I WILL
GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW OF OUR
WORK, ACHIEVING ZERO CARBON
EMISSIONS AND SOME OF THE TOOLS
FOR ACHIEVING NET ZERO CARBON
WAS DESIGNED TO MEET FEDERAL AND
DOE GOALS, SPECIFICALLY
EXECUTIVE ORDER 14008, TACKLING
CLIMATE CRISIS AT HOME AND
ABROAD, EXECUTIVE ORDER 14067,
CATALYZING AMERICAN CLEAN ENERGY
INDUSTRIES AND JOBS THROUGH
FEDERAL SUSTAINABILITY.
THE OFFICE OF ASSET MANAGEMENT
AND OFFICE OF SUSTAINABLE
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP WILL
WORK TO IDENTIFY ALL DOE
DIRECTIVES A APPROPRIATE FOR
INCORPORATING CLIMATE ACTION AND
WILL WORK TO INCORPORATE BY
DECEMBER 2022.
OKAY.
SO OUR SUSTAINABILITY TEAM
STARTED TO DEVELOP OUR ROAD MAPS
SINCE THE EXECUTIVE ORDER 14008
WAS ISSUED IN EARLY 2021.
WE STARTED BY ESTABLISHING
BASELINE EMISSIONS AND DID A GAP
ANALYSIS AND HIGH LEVEL OF
APPROACH FOR DECARBONIZATION.
SOON AFTER WITH COLLABORATION OF
SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS AND
CONSULTANTS, WE DEVELOPED
DIGITAL TWIN WHERE WE IDENTIFIED
DIFFERENT MEASURES TO HELP US
ACHIEVE DECARBONIZATION GOALS
AND MODEL DIFFERENT STRATEGIES.
AND BY THE END OF THE FISCAL
YEAR WE SUMMARIZE OUR FINDINGS
AND OUR RECOMMENDATIONS AND
PRESENTED THEM TO OUR LAB
LEADERSHIP.
SO, OUR BASELINE WAS DEVELOPED
USING 2020 EMISSIONS, FOR
ARGONNE MAJORITY OF OUR
EMISSIONS COME FROM SCOPE 1 AND
SCOPE 2, TOTAL AROUND 178,784
METRIC TONS OF CO2, AND ON SCOPE
3 WITH THE 14,540 METRIC TONS OF
CO2.
SCOPE 1 EMISSIONS ARE GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES THAT
ARE OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY THE
LABORATORY SUCH AS OUR FLEET,
OUR STATIONARY SOURCES LIKE OUR
CENTRAL BOILERHOUSE THAT USES
NATURAL GAS TO GENERATE
SITE-WIDE STEAM AND ALSO OUR
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PLANT.
WE ALSO HAVE A WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT.
SCOPE 2 EMISSIONS FROM THE
OFFSITE GENERATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND SCOPE 3
EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES NOT OWNED
BY THE LABORATORY BUT RELATED TO
AGENCY ACTIVITIES LIKE BUSINESS,
AIR, CAR TRAVEL AND EMPLOYEE
COMMUTING.
OKAY, SO BREAKING DOWN OUR
EMISSIONS FURTHER, THE CHART ON
THE SCREEN SHOWS SCOPE 1 AND
SCOPE 2 ON THE LEFT, AND AS YOU
CAN SEE ELECTRICITY IS THE
LARGEST CONTRIBUTOR.
AND ON THE RIGHT SIDE YOU CAN
SEE SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS.
THESE VALUES, IT'S IMPORTANT TO
NOTE, ARE FROM FY 2020, SO
COMMUTING HERE IS REDUCED AS A
RESULT OF COVID.
THIS DATA IS AROUND A QUARTER OF
PRE-COVID VALUES.
SO, BECAUSE THE MAJORITY OF OUR
EMISSIONS ARE FROM THE SCOPE 1
AND SCOPE 2, I SHOWED IN THE
PREVIOUS SLIDE, ALL THE
EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR
FACILITY ENERGY, WE INITIALLY
FOCUSED ON THOSE EMISSIONS TO
CREATE A STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE THE
DOE GOALS.
SO FOR THIS WE DEVELOPED
COMPUTER MODEL OF OUR CAMPUS
USING A COMPUTER TOOL CREATED BY
ONE OF OUR CONSULTANTS AND THIS
IS WHAT WE CALL OUR DIGITAL
TWIN.
AND THE DIGITAL TWIN'S
CONFIGURATION, MODEL
CONFIGURATION, SHOWN ON YOUR
SCREEN RIGHT NOW.
AND INCORPORATE A SIGNIFICANT
AMOUNT OF DATA ON THE BUILDING
SYSTEM'S ENERGY USES, AMONGST
OTHER FACTORS, MODEL CALIBRATED
TO PROVIDE CURRENT FACILITY
ENERGY USE, AND THEN WITH INPUT
FROM STAKEHOLDERS, SUBJECT
MATTER EXPERTS, CONSULTANTS, WE
ADDED PROPOSED ENERGY AND CARBON
REDUCTION MEASURES BETWEEN NOW
AND 2050 AND REVIEWED THE
RESULTS FOR THE OUTPUT.
SO, I GUESS IT'S IMPORTANT TO
KNOW THIS IS AN ITERATIVE
PROCESS.
SO WE SELECT THE COMBINATION OF
MEASURES THAT WILL HELP US
ACCOMPLISH THE DOE AND FEDERAL
TARGETS, AND REQUIRES OF COURSE
PLANNING AND BUY-IN FROM
STAKEHOLDERS ACROSS THE LAB.
OKAY.
SO THE CHART SHOWS OUR EMISSIONS
ALONG THE Y-AXIS, AND THE PERIOD
BETWEEN 20 AND 25 ALONG THE
X-AXIS.
NOW, AS YOU CAN SEE PEAK RISES
IN 2022 DUE TO AURORA, OUR
SUPERCOMPUTER COMING ONLINE
LATER IN THE YEAR.
WE'RE EFFECTIVELY DOUBLING OUR
CITED ELECTRICITY LOAD.
PREVIOUSLY WE HAVE REDUCED
EMISSIONS BY 40% WHEN COMPARED
TO OUR 2008 BASELINE SHOWN IN
THE RED LINE HERE.
AND BUT WITH AURORA OUR TOTAL
SITE OPERATION EMISSIONS WILL
ERODE ALL OUR PAST SAVINGS, AND
IT'S JUST SOMETHING WE'RE GOING
TO HAVE TO ADDRESS.
NOW, SINCE WE STARTED DEVELOPING
DECARBONIZATION ROADMAP,
ILLINOIS PASSED A CLIMATE
CRITICAL JOBS ACT, AND IT'S A
VERY AMBITIOUS STATE-LEVEL
ENERGY POLICY AMONGST OTHER
MEASURES IT WILL SECURE
CARBON-FREE POWER BY 2030, 100%
BY 2050 ARE CAN .
THE BUSINESS AS USUAL IS SOLID
LINE ON TOP.
WITH NO ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS.
THE GREEN ARROWS SHOW GAP IN DOE
REQUIREMENTS VERSUS BUSINESS AS
USUAL.
SO, MULTI-LAYER DECARBONIZATION
STRATEGY IS FOCUSED ON
ELIMINATING THAT GAP.
OKAY.
SO I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU SOME
HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR CURRENT
STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING THESE
GOALS.
FIRST LET'S TALK ABOUT THE
DEMAND SIDE STRATEGIES THAT WERE
SELECTED.
THESE STRATEGIES FOCUS ON
ACTIVITIES THAT RESULT IN
EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY AT THE
POINT OF FINAL VIEW SO BASICALLY
OUR CAMPUS.
AND THE RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
INCLUDE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
EXISTING BUILDINGS, CLIMATE
READY NEW CONSTRUCTION, DATA
CENTER EFFICIENCY AND HOT WATER
HEATING AND DISTRIBUTION AND
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY.
BASED ON PRELIMINARY
CALCULATIONS AND ANALYSIS, THIS
IS THE IMPACT OF SOME OF OUR
STRATEGIES, THE ONES WE PROPOSE.
SO AROUND 70% OF NATURAL GAS
REDUCTION BY INCORPORATING HEAT
RECOVERY SYSTEMS, AROUND 40%
ENERGY SAVINGS FOR NEW
CONSTRUCTION WITH SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN MEASURES, AND AROUND 10%
REDUCTION FROM REALISTIC DATA
CENTER ENERGY EFFICIENCY
STRATEGIES.
AMONGST OTHER MEASURES WE'RE
ALSO PROPOSING TO PERFORM A DEEP
ENERGY RETROFIT, SEVEN
FACILITIES WITH GREAT SAVINGS
OPPORTUNITIES, AND STANDARD
MEASURES ALL THE BUILDINGS
ACROSS THE LAB.
ONE THING I DO WANT TO POINT OUT
THOUGH IS THAT THE HOT WATER
HEATER DISTRIBUTION WITH WASTE
HEAT RECOVERY COMBINED
STRATEGIES IS ONE APPROACH.
WE LOOKED FOR DECARBONIZING OUR
HEATING SYSTEM.
AS WE OPTIMIZE THE STRATEGY WE
WILL CONTINUE TO EVALUATE THE
COST AND BENEFITS COMPARED WITH
RETAINING OUR STEAM SYSTEM, BUT
REDUCING OUR LOAD AND
ELECTRIFYING THE BOILERS. SO
OUR ROAD MAP ALSO INCLUDES
SUPPLY SIDE STRATEGIES FOCUSING
ON REDUCTION OF FOSSIL FUELS,
SOME RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
INCLUDE ON-SITE SOLAR HEAT
INSTALLATION, GREEN POWER
PURCHASE, THE GRID BECOMING
LOWER CARBON OVER TIME BENEFITS.
WE ACTUALLY COMPLETED A MASTER
PLAN FOR SOLAR PV IN
INSTALLATION AND IDENTIFIED
EIGHT LOCATIONS.
THIS MAKES UP A SMALL PORTION OF
OUR ENERGY NEEDS.
AND CAN REALLY BE REPLACED WITH
CURRENTLY DOE'S GOALS IS FOR
100% RENEWABLE ENERGY BY 2035
WHICH IS MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN
THE FEDERAL GOAL OF CARBON
POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITY, AS A
RESULT WE ANTICIPATE SIGNIFICANT
AMOUNT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
PURCHASES TO MEET THE GOAL.
AND AFTER IMPLEMENTING ALL THE
TECHNICALLY VIABLE SOLUTIONS
TODAY WE PROJECT THAT WITH OUR
DIGITAL, ADDITIONAL 6.5% OF
CARBON EMISSIONS ARE GOING TO
HAVE TO BE ADDRESSED WITH CARBON
OFFSET OR OTHER NOVEL APPROACHES
OR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.
NOW ON THE SCREEN YOU CAN SEE A
GRAPH THAT SHOWS OVERALL
CONTRIBUTION OF EACH OF THE
STRATEGIES WE HAVE IDENTIFIED,
AND, AGAIN, BUSINESS AS USUAL
SCENARIO DEPICTED WITH SOLID
BLACK LINE.
AND THE BLACK DASHED LINE
REPRESENTS NET EMISSIONS AFTER
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY.
ONE GOAL WAS TO AIM FOR
SELECTING TECHNOLOGIES VIABLE
TODAY BUT WITH DIGITAL TWIN
MODEL WE WILL BE ABLE TO TRACK
PROGRESS OVER TIME, ADJUST OUR
ACTIVITIES AND INVESTMENTS IF
NEEDED.
I THINK I MENTIONED THIS BEFORE
BUT THIS IS AN ITERATIVE
APPROACH.
AND AS NEW TECHNOLOGIES BECOME
VIABLE OR MATURE FOR
IMPLEMENTATION WE CAN CONSIDER
THEM IN OUR MODEL.
FOR EXAMPLE, HERE YOU CAN SEE
DARK PURPOSE THE SLICE, THAT'S
THE CONTRIBUTION FROM
DECARBONIZING OUR HEATING
SYSTEM.
AGAIN, WE CONTINUE TO EVALUATE
DIFFERENT OPTIONS AND CAN UPDATE
OUR PROJECTIONS IF ANOTHER
STRATEGY BECOMES FAVORABLE.
I DO WANT TO POINT OUT THAT
CURRENTLY THE LARGEST
CONTRIBUTOR TO THE REDUCTION
STRATEGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
MEASURES IN BUILDINGS WHICH WILL
PROVIDE BOTH CARBON REDUCTION
AND ENERGY SAVINGS, ALSO I WANT
TO MENTION I SAID BEFORE, YOU
KNOW, GREEN POWER PURCHASING
WILL NEED TO INCREASE OVER TIME
TO MEET DOE GOALS.
AND THAT GAP IS INDICATED WITH
THE RED ARROW.
ALL RIGHT.
SO IN THIS GRAPH IF YOU FOLLOW
THE DASHED LINE YOU CAN SEE HOW
WITH OUR STRATEGY WE WILL BE
ABLE TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM
ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS USE
TO MEET THE 2050 TARGET, AND,
AGAIN, THE BLACK LINE, THE SOLID
BLACK LINE IS OUR BUSINESS AS
USUAL.
BUT NOW WITH THE GREENING OF THE
GRID, AND YELLOW SHADING
REPRESENTS PROJECTED REDUCED
NATURAL GAS EMISSIONS, AND BLUE
SHADING IS PROJECTED PRODUCED
ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS.
SO, AGAIN, THE ADDITIONAL 6.5%
OF CARBON EMISSIONS WILL HAVE TO
BE ADDRESSED WITH CARBON OFFSETS
OR OTHER APPROACHES OR EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES.
SO OUR NEXT STEP IS GOING TO BE
TO OPTIMIZE THE STRATEGIES AND
DEVELOP A FUNDING AND
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.
THE GRAPH ON YOUR SCREEN GIVES
AN IDEA OF RELATIVE EFFORT WE
WILL FOCUS ON FOR EACH OF THESE
STRATEGIES UNTIL 2050.
YOU WILL ALSO NOTE THAT THE
GRAPH STARTS AT 2010, AND THAT
IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT WE
ACTUALLY HERE IN ARGONNE HAVE
BEEN ALREADY INVESTING IN A
SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS FOR MORE THAN
A DECADE, AND HAVE MADE
SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS.
SOME ACTIVITIES WILL REQUIRE AS
YOU CAN SEE STEADY LEVEL OF
EFFORT OVER THE PLANNING HORIZON
SUCH AS FACILITY RETROFITS AND
COMMISSIONING.
SO WHAT ARE OUR NEXT STEPS?
WELL, WE'RE GOING TO BE WORKING
AND WE ARE WORKING ON EXPANDING
OUTREACH ACTIVITIES TO OBTAIN
BUY-IN FROM ALL STAKEHOLDERS
ACROSS THE LAB, FOR EXAMPLE
ESTABLISHING DIFFERENT WORKING
GROUPS, BUILDING ON
SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK PROGRAM
TO ENGAGE WITH NEW STAKEHOLDERS
INCLUDING PROGRAMMATIC SUBJECT
MATTER EXPERTS AND OTHER
PARTNERS.
WE ALSO ARE CONNECTING TO THE
ARGONNE ANNUAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD
FOR ENERGY DECARBONIZATION AND
WORKING ON A STRATEGIC PLAN AND
WE ALREADY BEGAN TO DEVELOP IT
TO MEET THESE NEW REQUIREMENTS
AND WILL BE OF COURSE LEVERAGING
OUR DIGITAL TOOLS AND OTHER
TOOLS FOR THE PROCUREMENT AREAS
ALONG THE WAY.
ON THE COMMUNICATION SIDE, WE
ARE INCREASING SIGNIFICANTLY OUR
OUTREACH TO BOTH OUR EMPLOYEES
INTERNALLY AND BEYOND OUR
CAMPUS.
AND REALLY IT'S JUST WE'RE
DEALING WITH VERY BOLD GOALS
WITH AGGRESSIVE NEAR-TERM
TARGETS, 50% REDUCTION BY 2032
WILL REQUIRE AN ALL-DOE APPROACH
AND WE REALLY NEED TO
INCORPORATE INTO OUR LONG-TERM
PLANS AND INCREASE DRAMATICALLY
SHORT-TERM EFFORTS TO MEET THEM.
THIS IS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY
WE ACTUALLY DEVELOPED ARGONNE
2050 VISION, AND INCLUDES A
ROADMAP FOR THE PHYSICAL CAMPUS
OF THE FUTURE AND ZERO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS ALREADY
NAMED IN THE LONG-TERM VISION.
NOW, BY LEVERAGING OUR
DECARBONIZATION ROADMAP OR
INITIAL PROJECTS IN THE 10-YEAR
HORIZON ARE ALREADY INCORPORATED
INTO OUR ANNUAL PLAN.
THAT'S IT FOR MY PRESENTATION.
ON BEHALF OF MY BOSS, KATHLEEN
HURLEY, THE SUSTAINABLE PROJECT
MANAGER, AND THE REST OF THE
TEAM WORKING ON OUR
DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY, I JUST
WANT TO THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION TODAY.
THAT'S IT.
I.
>> I HAVE A QUESTION, JOFREY.
CAN YOU ELABORATE MORE ON YOUR
ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS, DO
YOU HAVE IT, YOU KNOW, A BACKLOG
OF PROJECTS OR ARE YOU GOING TO
BE DOING SOME MORE EVALUATIONS
TO DETERMINE SOME PRISONS? --
PRONGS?
PROJECTS?
ARE YOU LOOKING AT PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTING?
IF YOU COULD ELABORATE MORE ON
THAT.
>> IT'S ALL OF THE ABOVE
ACTUALLY.
I MEAN, WE'RE ALSO -- OUR
SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM WE HAVE
SMART LABS PROGRAM, YOU WOULD
SAY, WHERE WE, YOU KNOW, GOING
INTO DIFFERENT BUILDINGS AND
THROUGH FULL RETROFITTING
PROJECTS AND LOOKED AT ALSO LAB
VENTILATION, FOR EXAMPLE, AND WE
LOOKED AT SOMETIMES, YOU KNOW,
BUILDING ENVELOPE, SO THROUGH
THE SMART LABS PROGRAM WE ARE
ACTIVELY WORKING ON IMPROVING
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ON CAMPUS, BUT
THROUGH THAT PROCESS, THAT'S
WHERE WE IDENTIFY AT LEAST SEVEN
FACILITIES WHERE WE CAN ACTUALLY
GO, YOU KNOW, ABOVE AND BEYOND
THAT AND DO WHAT WE CALL I GUESS
DEEP RETRO COMMISSIONING, AND
LABORATORY BUILDINGS ARE ENERGY
HOGS, AND THERE'S JUST A LOT OF
OPPORTUNITY FOR US TO REALLY
IMPROVE THE OVERALL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND ALSO REDUCE OUR
DEFERRED MAINTENANCE, ON SOME
BUILDINGS IT'S SIGNIFICANT.
AGAIN, THE WAY WE ARE SELECTING
THESE PROJECTS IS GOING TO BE IN
LINE WITH OUR DECARBONIZATION
EFFORTS, AND THAT'S WHY HAVING
THIS DIGITAL TWIN IS GOING TO
HELP US TO LOOK AT THE ONGOING
WORK AND COMMON PROJECTS AND
THEN EVERY YEAR CAN VALIDATE,
YOU KNOW, ARE WE ACTUALLY GOING
IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION, ARE WE
SELECTING THE RIGHT PROJECTS
THAT CAN TAKE US TO WHERE WE
NEED TO BE GOING IN ORDER TO
MEET DECARBONIZATION GOALS.
IT'S ALL-HANDS APPROACH.
I DON'T KNOW IF -- KERRY HASN'T
PRESENTED, I DON'T KNOW IF YOU
HAVE ANY THOUGHTS ON THAT?
>> WE DO HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION
TOO.
>> OH, OKAY.
>> SO WE HAVE A GREAT
PRESENTATION FEEDBACK AND
CURIOUS ABOUT HOW THE DIGITAL
TWIN WAS CREATED.
>> WE'RE WORKING WITH ACOM, I'M
SURE WE CAN SHARE THE CONTACT
INFORMATION IF YOU'D LIKE.
BUT IT'S A LARGE FIRM.
AND WE ENGAGED WITH THEM EARLY
ON.
WE INTERVIEWED MULTIPLE FIRMS TO
SEE WHICH ONE COULD BE BETTER
SUITED TO HELP US DEVELOP THIS
DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY, AND
IT'S VERY COMPLEX, NOT JUST
TECHNICALLY, BUT ALSO
POLITICALLY, RIGHT?
BECAUSE YOU ARE DEALING WITH
LARGE INSTITUTION WITH A LOT OF
GROUPS IN A METRICS
ORGANIZATION, SO IT'S
COMPLICATED TO ALIGN EVERYBODY'S
VISIONS AND GOALS AND TARGET OF
THAT TOWARDS A SPECIFIC CAUSE.
IT'S VERY COMPLICATED SO YOU
NEED A STRONG -- A FIRM WITH A
STRONG TECHNICAL BACKGROUND.
AND THEY HAVE BEEN DOING THIS
WORK FOR CITIES AND
MUNICIPALITIES, AND THEY ALREADY
HAD DEVELOPED THESE PLATFORMS,
IT'S CALLED VOCERA I THINK, THEY
ALREADY HAD A PLATFORM DEVELOPED
SO WE JUST MET OVER A PERIOD OF
MONTHS, AND STARTED POPULATING
THE INFORMATION IN THE MODEL.
YOU KNOW, UNTIL WE WERE ABLE TO
START, YOU KNOW, COMING UP WITH
DIFFERENT, AGAIN, ALL HIGH LEVEL
STRATEGIES AND SEE WHICH ONES
WOULD BE ABLE TO TAKE US TO
WHERE WE NEED TO GO TOWARDS
ACHIEVING OUR GOALS.
SO, AGAIN, YOU KNOW, IT'S A
PROPRIETARY TOOL, WHICH IS A
FEATURE I DON'T NECESSARILY
LIKE, BUT IT'S FINE.
YOU KNOW, IT'S A COMPLEX MODEL.
AND, YOU KNOW, I JUST NEED TO
FIND A GOOD PARTNER I GUESS, YOU
KNOW, WELL IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR
A FIRM TO HELP YOU WITH THIS
PROCESS, YOU NEED TO LOOK FOR A
GOOD PARTNER TO ESTABLISH A
LONG-TERM RELATIONSHIP.
AND THAT'S KIND OF WHAT WE DID
WITH ACOM FOR THIS PROJECT.
>> GREAT.
WE HAVE A COUPLE OTHER
QUESTIONS.
IN REGARDS TO YOUR DISCUSSION ON
GREEN POWER PROCUREMENT, ARE YOU
SPECIFICALLY -- WHAT STRATEGIES
DOES THIS INCLUDE, REC
PURCHASES, GREEN POWER UTILITY
PURCHASES, COMBINATION?
>> MAINLY RECS.
LIKE I SAID, I THINK THIS IS --
WE REALLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT
ALL THE OPPORTUNITIES AND ALL
THE OPTIONS, AND SEE WHAT OTHER
LABS, YOU KNOW, DOE LABS ARE
DOING AND WORK TOGETHER TO
FIND -- TO USE THAT AS A
LEVERAGE TO FIND THE BEST
ALTERNATIVE FOR US.
IT HAS TO BE AN ALL-HANDS
APPROACH, THE CHALLENGE IS
MASSIVE ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE
CAMPUSES WITH SOME AGING
FACILITIES.
YOU KNOW, IT'S A COMPREHENSIVE
HOLISTIC APPROACH THAT IS
REQUIRED.
>> RIGHT.
THERE'S ANOTHER QUESTION ABOUT,
YOU KNOW, USING YOUR 2020
BASELINE EMISSIONS.
AND USING THOSE FOR YOUR
REDUCTIONS GOING FORWARD DUE TO
THE PANDEMIC.
YOU KNOW, THAT BEING A CHALLENGE
TO USE THAT AS A BASELINE,
UNLESS THE LAB PLANS TO CONTINUE
WITH THE SAME LEVEL OF
ON-SITE/OFF-SITE WORK.
HOW ARE YOU THINKING TO ADJUST
FOR THAT?
>> WELL, I THINK -- LET ME GO
BACK TO THE -- I THINK WE
ALREADY COMPENSATED FOR THAT.
BUT IT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
IF YOU LIKE, I CAN LOOK FOR MORE
INFORMATION AND I CAN GET BACK
TO YOU OR THE PERSON THAT ASKED
THE QUESTION BUT I THINK WE
ALREADY COMPENSATED FOR THAT.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
>> CAN YOU SHARE MY E-MAIL IF
YOU LIKE WITH THE GROUP.
>> OKAY.
ALL RIGHT.
WELL, LOOKS LIKE THAT'S ALL THE
QUESTIONS FOR YOU RIGHT NOW.
I THINK WE CAN GO FORWARD WITH
KERRI'S PRESENTATION AND IF
SOMEONE HAS ANOTHER QUESTION WE
CAN ADDRESS THAT AT THAT TIME.
>> OKAY, GREAT.
THANK YOU.
>> GOOD AFTERNOON.
ARE YOU SEEING A FULL SCREEN
PRESENTATION?
>> YES, WE ARE.
THANK YOU.
>> ALL RIGHT.
FANTASTIC.
I'M KERRI HARTUNG, WITH THE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES,
AND I AM HERE TO DESCRIBE WHAT
WE REFER TO AS THE RENEWABLE
RESILIENT NIEHS INITIATIVE.
WE CONSIDER THAT OUR PATH TO
NET-ZERO ENERGY AND FURTHER ON
TO CARBON NEUTRALITY.
I WANTED TO GIVE YOU FAMILIARITY
WITH WHO WE ARE AS AN ENTITY.
NIEHS IS ONE OF THE 27
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS THAT
COMPRISE THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES
OF HEALTH.
AND OUR MISSION IS TO DISCOVER
HOW THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS
PEOPLE, SO THAT WE CAN PROMOTE
HEALTHIER LIVES.
AND WE'RE LOCATED IN RESEARCH
TRIANGLE PARK, WHICH IS NEAR
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA.
AND AS YOU CAN SEE HERE ARE
HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR PROPERTY.
WE'RE A JOINT CAMPUS, A CENTRAL
UTILITY PLANT AT NIEHS IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERSEEING AND
OPERATING, WE HAVE A MEMORANDUM
OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE TWO
ENTITIES FOR THAT.
WE SHARE A CAMPUS AND WHEN IT
COMES TO NIEHS IN PARTICULAR
YOU'VE GOT FACTS THAT GIVE YOU
SCALE AND SENSE OF WHAT OUR
FOOTPRINT LOOKS LIKE IN TERMS OF
SQUARE FOOTAGE AND PERSONNEL.
THE BULK OF OUR RESEARCH CAMPUS
IS ABOUT 40 YEARS OLD, ONE NEWER
ADDITION BUT THAT SPEAKS TO THE
AGE OF WHO WE ARE.
WHAT YOU DON'T SEE ON THIS
FRAGMENT IS OUR NET-ZERO ENERGY
WAREHOUSE, AND THAT IS PART OF
OUR OPERATION BUT SLIGHTLY OFF
CAMPUS.
AND WE DO USE LEASED SPACE WITH
A SMALL FLEET OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES TO GIVE A SENSE OF HOW
WE TAKE CARE OF TRANSPORTATION.
NEXT HERE IS PERSPECTIVE ON OUR
ENERGY USE.
SO, WE SHOW FY 19 IS A BASELINE,
AND AS A PRIOR QUESTION WAS
INQUIRING, WHAT'S THE
PERSPECTIVE PRE-VERSUS
POST-PANDEMIC, THIS IS OUR LAST
DATASET PRE-PANDEMIC.
AND OUR COLLECTIVE ENERGY ACROSS
ALL ENERGY TYPES WAS A LITTLE
OVER 74,000-MEGAWATT HOURS THAT
YEAR.
YOU CAN SEE FROM DOUGHNUT CHART
IT'S PREDOMINANTLY NATURAL GAS
FOLLOWED CLOSELY BY ELECTRIC, IF
WE'RE HAVING A PARTICULARLY COLD
YEAR WE MAY GO INTO CURTAILMENT
AND WE'LL SEE A GREATER
PROPORTION OF EMISSIONS RELATED
TO FUEL OIL, BUT THIS IS A
PRETTY TYPICAL YEAR.
FOR PERSPECTIVE THE MAP AT THE
LEFT, NIEHS IN THE BOTTOM RIGHT
CORNER IN YELLOW, AND OUR ENERGY
IS SIMILAR TO A LITTLE OVER 2800
AVERAGE U.S. HOUSEHOLDS.
WE SHARE THAT INTERNALLY WITH
OUR LEADERSHIP TO GIVE THEM
PERSPECTIVE ON WHAT IT MEANS TO
POWER OUR FACILITIES.
SO WE DO HAVE ON-SITE SOLAR IN
THREE LOCATIONS, TOTAL CAPACITY
120 KILOWATTS, OUR LARGEST ARRAY
AND SMALL CLUSTERS ON THE MAIN
RESEARCH BUILDING, RALL
BUILDING, B MODULE, AND ONE OF
OUR ENGINEERING SUPPORT
BUILDINGS, BUILDING 102.
SOMETHING THAT WE'RE
PARTICULARLY PROUD OF, AGAIN,
NET-ZERO ENERGY WAREHOUSE, IT IS
THE FIRST OF ITS KIND WITHIN THE
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES, SOME FANTASTIC
CERTIFICATIONS TO GO WITH IT.
NET METERED OPERATION, SINCE IT
BEGAN IN 2018 UNTIL 2021 OUR
EXCESS ENERGY THAT'S EXPORTED
BACK TO THE GRID WOULD BE ENOUGH
TO POWER APPROXIMATELY FOUR U.S.
HOUSEHOLDS OVER THAT TIME SPAN.
SO IN THE CONTEXT OF NIEHS BEING
A LEADER IN THE FIELD OF
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND
PARTICULAR CLIMATE AND HEALTH AS
WELL, AND WE HAVE A NET-ZERO
ENERGY WAREHOUSE AND KNOW WHAT
THAT MEANS, WE KNOW HOW THAT
LOOKS, TO OPERATE AND PREPARE,
THAT PROMPTED THE CONVERSATION,
CAN WE UNITE THOSE CONCEPTS
FURTHER AND EXPAND OUR NET-ZERO
ENERGY OPERATION TO THE REST OF
THE CAMPUS?
IS THAT FEASIBLE?
JUST TO GIVE A SNEAK PEEK, THE
ANSWER IS YES.
BUT WE KNOW WE'RE GOING TO NEED
RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES TO
BE PART OF THE SOLUTION.
SO, AS A BRIEF REFRESHER OR
PRIMER, WHAT IS NET-ZERO ENERGY?
SIMPLEST PRESENTATION, IT'S A
BALANCING SUCH THAT IF WE'RE
GOING TO BE BRINGING IN ENERGY
FROM THE GRID OUTSIDE OUR
FACILITY WE WANT TO MAKE SURE
THAT WE WOULD EXPORT THE SAME
AMOUNT IN EXCESS RENEWABLE
ON-SITE ENERGY.
AGAIN, SIMPLEST TERMS.
HOWEVER, WE ARE A RESEARCH
FACILITY.
AND BY DEFINITION, WE ARE ENERGY
INTENSIVE.
WE HAVE 24/7 OPERATION, HAVE TO
SUPPORT ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT
AROUND THE CLOCK, LARGE
FOOTPRINT IN TERMS OF SQUARE
FOOTAGE.
SO THAT BEING SAID, IT'S NOT AN
EASY FEAT TO BE A PURE NET-ZERO
ENERGY FACILITY, SO THAT'S WHERE
RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES
COME IN.
IF YOU CAN'T EXPORT AN EQUAL
AMOUNT OR GREATER RENEWABLE
ENERGY THAT'S GENERATED ON SITE,
TO OFFSET INNING PURPOSE ENERGY
YOU'LL USE RECs TO RETURN TO
THE BALANCE.
THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH FOCUS
FIRST AND FOREMOST ON REDUCING
YOUR ENERGY USAGE.
WHERE CAN YOU CONSERVE AND WHAT
ENERGY DO YOU STILL NEED TO USE,
WHERE CAN IT BE MOST EFFICIENT?
THEN PROCEED TO GENERATING AS
MUCH RENEWABLE ENERGY ON-SITE AS
YOU CAN.
YOU HAVE EXCESS, SHARE BACK TO
THE GRID.
HOWEVER, IF YOU DON'T, OR DON'T
HAVE ENOUGH EXCESS YOU FILL THE
GAP WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY
CERTIFICATES.
SOMETHING WE LEARNED AS WE WERE
DEVELOPING THIS INITIATIVE IS
THAT REC IS NOT A CONCEPT THAT A
LOT OF PEOPLE REALLY UNDERSTAND,
WHO AREN'T IN THIS FIELD, WHO
DON'T SPECIALIZE IN ENERGY
ISSUES AND SUSTAINABILITY
ISSUES.
SO THE TERM MAY BE SOMEWHAT
FAMILIAR BUT WHAT IT MEANS MAY
NOT BE.
THAT'S AN IMPORTANT DISCOVERY AS
WE WERE PREPARING TO WORK WITH
OUR LEADERSHIP SO THEY COULD
UNDERSTAND WHAT THE VALUE OF
THIS PROPOSITION WAS, A NET-ZERO
ENERGY ENERGY CAMPUS OR NET-ZERO
ENERGY REC CAMPUS.
I HIGHLY RECOMMEND IF YOU WANT
TO WORK WITH YOUR COLLEAGUES, IN
YOUR COMMUNITY, STAKEHOLDERS
WITHIN YOUR ORGANIZATION,
THERE'S A GREAT VIDEO THAT EPA
PREPARED, RECs GREENING
POWER -- MAKING GREEN POWER
POSSIBLE, FIND IT ON
YouTube, YOU NEED TO SEARCH
UNDER EPA RECs, IT'S YOUR TOP
HIT, 3 1/2 MINUTES BUT DOES A
FANTASTIC JOB EXPLAINING WHAT IS
A REC BECAUSE REALLY THINK IT'S
A CONCEPTIONALLY NEW WAY OF
THINKING OR STRUGGLE FOR SOME
FOLKS TO APPRECIATE THE
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTE OF GREEN
ENERGY CAN BE A SEPARATE THING
FROM THE ENERGY ITSELF.
AND THAT WAS AN IMPORTANT PART
OF WORKING WITH PEOPLE,
UNDERSTANDING WHEN WE BUY RECs
WHAT ARE WE GETTING FOR THAT.
OF COURSE AS WE SPOKE EARLIER TO
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES WE
THOUGHT, ALL RIGHT, WE KNOW WHAT
THIS LOOKS LIKE, GENERATE
ON-SITE, USE RECs IN
COMBINATION.
WE WORKED WITH A THIRD PARTY
CONSULTANT ON A FEASIBILITY
STUDY.
THIS SLIDE OUTLINES WHAT THE
PREMISE OF THE STUDY WAS.
SO WE USED THAT FY 19 ENERGY
BASELINE AS OUR STARTING POINT.
WE EXCLUDED EPA FROM THE DATASET
BECAUSE AT THIS POINT WE WANTED
TO FOCUS WHAT WE HAVE STRICT
CONTROL OVER IN OUR USAGE.
WE ALSO EXCLUDED OFFSITE ENERGY
LEASED SPACE.
MAINLY BECAUSE WE ARE HOPING
THAT WE WILL HAVE A NEW CLINICAL
AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
BUILDING AND WANT TO EXCLUDE
LEASE FACILITY BECAUSE THAT
WOULD BE IN A SENSE DOUBLING AND
INCLUDE PROJECTIONS FOR THE NEW
BUILDING WHICH WE ARE DESIGNING
TO BE A NET-ZERO ENERGY
BUILDING.
WE ALSO SET OUR RETURN ON
INVESTMENT FOR 12 PROJECTS TO 20
YEARS, THOSE SYSTEMS WOULD HAVE
A 20-YEAR LIFESPAN, THE PROJECTS
IN PARTICULAR WERE SUGGESTED BY
OUR FACILITIES PARTNERS, HERE ON
CAMPUS, THESE ARE PROJECTS THAT
THEY HAVE BEEN CONSIDERING IN
THE PAST AND WERE INTERESTED IN
SEEING PERHAPS WITH A FURTHER
STUDY WHAT THAT MIGHT LOOK LIKE
ON ENERGY SAVINGS AND RETURNS.
WE WERE ALSO FOCUSING FOR
SIMPLICITY ON ADDITIONAL ON-SITE
SOLAR, CERTAINLY NOT THE ONLY
OPPORTUNITY TO CONSIDER WHEN IT
COMES TO RENEWABLE ENERGY BUT
WANTED TO LIMIT TO THIS AT THIS
BEGINNING POINT OF THE
FEASIBILITY STUDY.
WHERE WOULD RECs FIT?
WE HAD A GUT FEELING THEY WOULD.
THE QUESTION WAS HOW MANY.
WE'RE KEEN TO UNDERSTAND WHERE
MIGHT UTILITY SCALE BATTERY
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FIT INTO
THE CONCEPT, BECAUSE ULTIMATELY
THIS IS AN R 2 OR R SQUARED
IDEA, RESILIENT AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY.
WE WANTED TO HAVE THAT ADDED
CAPACITY IF THERE WERE ISSUES
WITH UTILITY GRID ACCESS OR
STORMS OR WHAT NOT AS WELL AS
NOW WE HAVE THE ELEMENTS OF 1407
TALKING ABOUT 24/7 CLEAN
POLLUTION-FREE ENERGY, THAT
WOULD BE PART OF THAT.
HERE IS SOME HIGHLIGHTS OF WHAT
SOME OF OUR ENERGY CONSERVATION
MEASURES WERE THAT WERE
EVALUATED.
WE'VE GOT TRANSFORMERS THAT
COULD STAND TO BE MORE ENERGY
EFFICIENT.
WE HAVE FIXED VOLUME FUME HOODS
AT THE INSTITUTE.
FUME HOODS ARE SIGNIFICANT
ENERGY USER.
SO WE KNEW THERE COULD BE AN
OPPORTUNITY, CERTAINLY TO SAVE
ENERGY, BUT THE QUESTION WOULD
IT BE A PAYBACK, REASONABLE?
AND THEN LOOKING AT A COUPLE
DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES ON
SETTING OUR VENTILATION SYSTEMS
DIFFERENTLY FOR NIGHTS,
HOLIDAYS, WEEKENDS, TO BE AT
DIFFERENT SET POINTS THAT WOULD
RECOGNIZE WE HAVE A LOWER
POPULATION ON CAMPUS DURING
THOSE TIMES.
AND THEN SAME WITH AIR FLOW, AND
STILL OF COURSE WE HAVE TO
REMAIN WITHIN OUR DESIGN
GUIDELINES FOR THE NIH AND FOR
OPERATING A BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
FACILITY SAFELY, BUT WE
SUSPECTED WE WOULD HAVE
OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVEMENT.
WHAT DID WE FIND OUT?
THIS GIVES A SENSE OF, AGAIN,
THIS IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY, SO
THE QUESTION, IS IT POSSIBLE NOT
NECESSARILY THIS IS THE ROADMAP
OR THE ONLY WHICH BUT -- BUT
THIS IS WHAT WE FOUND.
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
WOULD BE A SIGNIFICANT
OPPORTUNITY BASED SIMPLY ON 12
PROJECTS THAT MET POSITIVE
RETURN.
WE ALSO HAVE OPPORTUNITY FOR
ADDITIONAL SOLAR ON CAMPUS BUT
ITS CONTRIBUTION WOULD LIKELY BE
LESS, JUST BASED ON PARAMETERS
THAT WERE EVALUATED.
AND RECs WOULD BE REQUIRED.
AS YOU CAN SEE HERE, IT'S A
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION.
AT THE TIME OF THE STUDY THE
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE WOULD
OFFER AS WE WERE INTERESTED IN
INCREASED RESILIENCY BUT IT WAS
JUST BORDERLINE ON PAYBACK.
WE EXPECT THAT WILL IMPROVE AS
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM
COSTS HAVE BEEN IMPROVING
RAPIDLY, RECENTLY.
AND WE ALSO RECOGNIZE THAT WHILE
THE FOCUS OF WHERE WE WERE
STARTING WAS NET-ZERO ENERGY
APPROACH THIS WOULD ALSO LEAD US
ON PATH TO DECARBONIZATION, THIS
WORK BEGAN BEFORE EXECUTIVE
ORDER 14057 WAS PUBLISHED SO WE
HAD A SENSE THIS IS WHERE THINGS
WERE HEADED, WE WANTED TO GET ON
THAT PATH.
WHAT DID THAT END UP DOING FOR
US, THE FEASIBILITY STUDY?
IT HELPED ENFORCE THE VISION.
WE'RE ON GLOBAL LEAD OTHER
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH
PARTICULARLY CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
WE ALSO WANT TO BE A LEADER IN
CLIMATE ACTION.
WE WANT THOSE TWO THINGS TO WORK
TOGETHER.
WE WANT TO, QUOTE, WALK THE
TALK.
WITH THAT IN MIND THERE WAS THE
INITIATIVE, THAT'S WHAT CAME
FROM THE FEASIBILITY STUDY.
WE WANT TO LEAD BY EXAMPLE AND
TAKE THE FIRST STEP TOWARD
CARBON NEUTRALITY.
SIMILAR TO JOFREY AND ARGONNE,
THEY HAVE BEEN A LONGSTANDING
PROPONENT OF GREEN OPERATIONS,
AS HAVE WE.
BUT NOW WE'RE MOVING FORWARD ON
THE TIME SCALE AND AS OF FISCAL
YEAR 2021 WE'VE ACHIEVED
NET-ZERO ENERGY REC STATUS.
WHAT WE SEE COMING NEXT IS WHAT
WE THINK OF AS OPTIMIZED
VERSION.
SO THAT'S WHEN YOU'VE HAD THE
VALUE OF IMPLEMENTING YOUR
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES,
THAT'S WHEN YOU HAVE INCREASED
YOUR ON-SITE RENEWABLE
GENERATION.
AND THEN YOU'VE MADE YOUR
OPERATION AS OPTIMIZED AS WE SEE
THE TECHNOLOGY CAN SUPPORT IN A
FINANCIALLY RESPONSIBLE AND
ACHIEVABLE WAY.
WHAT COMES NEXT?
THAT'S WHERE CARBON NEUTRALITY
IS ENTERING IN.
YOU GET CARBON BENEFITS THE MORE
YOU INCREASE RELIANCE AND GO TO
RENEWABLE ENERGY.
WE HAVE MEDICAL PATHOLOGICAL
WASTE INCINERATOR FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL THAT'S
NOT PART OF A NET-ZERO ENERGY
APPROACH BUT DOES MATTER WITH
CARBON NEUTRALITY.
THERE WAS LEADERSHIP, DO WE GO
TOWARDS EFFICIENCY EMPHASIS, ADD
ADDITIONAL SYSTEMS ON CAMPUS FOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY, DO WE DO THOSE
THINGS FIRST.
AS WE GET TO THE TALE END WE ADD
RECs OR START THE RECs
PROCESS NOW?
AND WE REFER TO THAT AS FLIPPING
THE SCRIPT.
DO WE GO FULL NET-ZERO ENERGY
REC FROM THE GET-GO? HAVE THAT
AS BRIDGING TOOL?
USE THAT TO REDUCE OUR IMPACTS
AS WE DO OUR OTHER INITIATIVES?
SO THAT IS ULTIMATELY WHERE WE
LANDED.
YOU CAN SEE THE POINTS AS TO
WHAT DROVE TO US THAT CONCLUSION
WE WANTED TO ACT IN FULL REC
CAPACITY FROM THE START.
WE FELT IT ALIGNS WITH
IMPORTANCE OF OUR MISSION.
REALLY DISPLAYS WHAT WE FEEL IS
URGENCY ON PRESENTING A
LEADERSHIP STANCE.
IT HELPS SIGNAL THE MARKET.
I WOULD SAY THE MARKET HAS BEEN
PLENTY SIGNALED, SIGNIFICANT
INCREASE IN RECs DURING THE
TIME WE WERE WORKING WITH
LEADERSHIP TO PROMOTE THIS
CONCEPT.
AND REALLY, AGAIN, LAYING THE
GROUND WORK FOR CARBON
NEUTRALITY AND THE FUTURE WE
WANT TO SEE HERE.
SO THIS IS JUST A BRIEF
ILLUSTRATION OF WHAT TRADITIONAL
NET-ZERO ENERGY REC WOULD LOOK
LIKE.
OVER TIME YOU START WITH HIGH
RELIANCE ON GRID ENERGY.
WE HAVE A SMALL OUTPUT NOW BUT
WITH TIME INCREASE ON-SITE
RENEWABLE, BECOME MORE EFFICIENT
AND ULTIMATELY REACH
OPTIMIZATION POINT.
TO MAKE THAT POSSIBLE, WORKING
WITH YOUR UTILITY, WE'RE
ACTUALLY IN THE PROCESS OF DOING
THAT NOW, I'LL TALK ABOUT THAT
MORE IN A MINUTE.
AND PROCURE YOUR RECs AT THE
END.
WELL, IN THE APPROACH WE'VE
DECIDED TO ACT ON TODAY IT LOOKS
MORE LIKE THIS.
SO WE'VE GOT A MATCHING AMOUNT
OF RECs FOR OUR GRID ENERGY
USE, FOR STATIONARY SOURCES.
THAT BEGAN IN FY 21 THANKS TO A
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN OURSELVES
AND OUR NIH LEADERSHIP IN
BETHESDA.
SO WE SUPPORT EACH OTHER IN THAT
REGARD.
NIH HAS BEEN PROCURING RECs
FOR SOME TIME AS PART OF
REQUIREMENTS
GRANTED US THOSE RECs FOR FY
21 AND WE MADE UP THE
DIFFERENCE, WE SEE THAT
CONTINUING INTO FY 22, FLYING
SOLO THEN.
AS THAT HAS TAKEN PLACE IN THE
BACKGROUND WE'RE DEVELOPING
DETAILED PLANS HOW TO GO ABOUT
ADDING MORE RENEWABLE ENERGY,
BECOMING MORE EFFICIENT, THOSE
12 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
THAT I MENTIONED TO START WERE
ONLY THE BEGINNING SO WE'RE IN
ACTIVE -- ACTIVELY WORKING WITH
OUR PROVIDER, DUKE ENERGY, ON A
UESC AND THEY HAVE TAKEN SEED
IDEAS, INITIAL CONSERVATION
MEASURES, WE'VE GIVEN THEM
PLENTY MORE TO THINK ABOUT, THEY
ARE COMING UP WITH THEIR OWN AS
WELL.
AND AS THOSE THINGS PRESENT AS
APPROPRIATE RETURN ON
INVESTMENT, VALUES AND GAINS
WE'RE LOOKING FOR, OVER TIME
THOSE GO ON.
THOSE BECOME LIVE.
AND WE WILL BE REDUCING OUR NEED
FOR RECs IN THE PROCESS.
HERE'S A SNEAK PEEK ABOUT WHAT
COMES NEXT WITH CARBON
NEUTRALITY.
WE'VE GOT A SPLIT HERE WHERE
WE'VE GOT FROM AN ENERGY
PERSPECTIVE THIS IS A FAST
FORWARD, YOU SAW FY 19 BASELINE,
WHAT YOU SEE IN THIS SLIDE NOW,
FY 20.
AND WE'VE GOT A GREATER
DEPENDENCE CURRENTLY ON FOSSIL
FUEL THAN ON ELECTRICITY.
HOWEVER, WE'VE GOT MORE
EMISSIONS AT PRESENT COMING FROM
ELECTRICITY THAN WE DO FROM
FOSSIL FUEL.
SO THAT'S REALLY OUR STARTING
POINT.
AND THAT'S SOMETHING TO BE
MINDFUL OF BECAUSE TIMING IS
IMPORTANT.
AND AS WE MOVE TOWARDS CARBON
NEUTRALITY, WHEN TO BRING
PROJECTS ONLINE AND EXECUTE, IN
THE BEGINNING UNTIL WE REACH
INFLECTION POINT FOR OUR GRID
WITH OUR PROVIDER DUKE ENERGY
UNTIL WE HIT 2033 WE'RE ACTUALLY
MORE CARBON EFFICIENT,
QUOTE/UNQUOTE, HAVE A LOWER
CARBON FOOTPRINT USING OUR
NATURAL GAS FUEL AS OUR MAIN
RESOURCE FOR CENTRAL UTILITY
PLANT.
THEN FROM 2033 FORWARD WE START
TO SEE SHIFT WITH ADDITIONAL
GREENING OF THE GRID FOR
ELECTRIFICATION BECOMING THE
MORE PREDOMINANT WAY TO HAVE A
LOWER CARBON IMPACT.
SO, THESE ARE OUR STARTING
POINTS, KEY FACTORS WE'RE
CONSIDERING, IN THE MIX OF
HAVING CARBON NEUTRALITY
ASSESSMENT PREPARED TO GET BIG
PICTURE IDEAS.
NOT AS DETAILED AS FEASIBILITY
STUDY WAS FOR NET ZERO EMISSION
BUT GETTING US CONCEPTUALLY
PREPARED AS WE LOOK AT THE
FUTURE FOR THINGS WE'LL NEED TO
DO ON CAMPUS AND WANT TO DO ON
CAMPUS WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF
OPERATIONS.
WITH THAT, WHAT COMES NEXT?
SO, YOU'VE GOT HIGHLIGHTS HERE.
WE'LL BE GETTING IN THIS FISCAL
YEAR PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT FROM
UESC PARTNER, COMPLETING
NEUTRALITY ASSESSMENT, PUT ON
REQUEST SIX ADDITIONAL ELECTRIC
VEHICLES, WE CAN LEASE FROM GSA
OH SO AS LEASES EXPIRE WE'LL
REQUEST THESE.
REQUEST FY23 AND BEYOND THAT'S
WHEN WE'LL HAVE THE RESULTS OF
OUR PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT, LESS
THAN COMPELLING KEY DATA TO WORK
WITH, WE'LL NEED TO BE
PARTNERING WITH EPA BECAUSE WE
ARE A CENTRAL UTILITY PLANT
THAT'S JOINTLY SHARED SO THAT WE
BOTH KNOW WHAT WE'RE UP TO ON
EACH OTHER'S SIDES.
AND THEN FROM THERE WE'LL BE
LOOKING TO SEE WHAT'S GOING TO
MAKE THE MOST SENSE IN ENERGY
EFFICIENCY, ON-SITE RENEWABLES,
BATTERY STORAGE, ALL THE GOOD
THINGS THAT LEAD TO
DECARBONIZATION AND WE'VE BEEN
ACTIVELY STUDYING THIS YEAR HOW
WE WANT TO EXPAND OUR ELECTRIC
VEHICLE CHARGING STATION
NETWORK, AND WE LOOK TO 23 AS
LIKELY THE YEAR WE'LL START TO
ACTUALLY BREAK GROUND AND
INSTALL MORE STATIONS TO SUPPORT
THE VEHICLES WE HAVE COMING.
HERE IS MY CONTACT INFORMATION.
I'D BE HAPPY TO FIELD QUESTIONS
IF PEOPLE HAVE THEM AFTER TODAY.
THIS GIVES MY E-MAIL AND PHONE.
THAT WILL CONCLUDE MY SET.
>> WHILE WE'RE WAITING FOR
QUESTIONS TO COME IN, KERRI, I
WAS CURIOUS WHAT KIND OF
INVESTMENT ARE YOU MAKING IN THE
RECs?
I'VE NOTICED I BELIEVE THE COST
OF RECs IS INCREASING.
AND WHAT HAVE YOU BEEN SEEING?
>> YEAH, SO YES, WE SAW
PROPORTION.MENT, HISTORICALLY
SOLAR RECs WERE $1.50 A
MEGAWATT HOUR, LITERALLY AS WE
WERE PREPARING FOR SENIOR LEVEL
CONVERSATIONS LOCALLY WE GET OUR
RECs THROUGH DLA, DEFENSE
LOGISTIC AGENCY AS OUR BROKER
AND GOT FEEDBACK FROM DLA WE
WOULD BE LOOKING AT QUITE A
RANGE, DEPENDING ON WHAT YOU
WANT TO PROCURE.
SO, NIH HAS -- MEETS
REQUIREMENTS THROUGH RECs,
GOES THE ROUTE OF BIOMASS
COMBUSTION.
WHEN WE PARTNERED WITH THEM WE
FILLED IN THE GAP WITH GREEN E
CERTIFIED WIND AND SOLAR, AND
THOSE WERE $5 AND $6, UP FROM
$1.50, NOW TO $5 AND $6, I'VE
BEEN HEARING THROUGH EPA'S GREEN
POWER PARTNERSHIP THINGS MAY BE
HEADING IN THE DIRECTION OF $8 A
MEGAWATT HOUR SO IT'S GOING TO
BE INTERESTING TO FOLLOW THAT
TRAJECTORY.
>> YEAH, FOR SURE.
AND JOFREY, YOU'RE STILL ON THE
LINE.
THERE WAS A QUESTION THAT HAD
COME UP BEFORE YOU HAD A CHANCE
TO ANSWER.
DID YOU HAVE A ROUGH COST
ESTIMATE DONE WITH THE ROADMAP
TO UNDERSTAND YOUR SCALE OF
INVESTMENT THAT WAS REQUIRED?
>> SO, A COST ESTIMATE TO I
GUESS MODERNIZE OUR
INFRASTRUCTURE AND DETERMINE THE
LEVEL OF INVESTMENT NEEDED TO
MEET THE GOALS OR JUST THE
ESTIMATE, JUST FOR THE STUDY?
I WANT TO MAKE SURE I
UNDERSTAND.
>> THE QUESTION DID NOT SPECIFY.
JUST ASKING WAS THERE ROUGH COST
ESTIMATE DONE WITH THE ROADMAP
TO UNDERSTAND THE SCALE OF
INVESTMENT REQUIRED.
>> OKAY.
YES, I'M HESITANT TO GIVE THE
ANSWER BECAUSE WE WERE STILL
WORKING ON REALLY DEFINING THE
DIFFERENT STRATEGIES WE'RE GOING
TO PURSUE.
AND WE NEED TO DO LIKE A CASH
FLOW ASSESSMENT OR, YOU KNOW,
PERIOD OF YEARS, AND BUT THE
INITIAL AMOUNT WAS SIGNIFICANT,
BUT IT'S NOT THE WHOLE PICTURE.
YOU KNOW, I WOULD NOT BE
COMFORTABLE JUST GIVING YOU A
LUMP SUM NUMBER.
>> OKAY, RIGHT.
>> YEAH.
BUT, YOU KNOW, I CAN CHECK WITH
MY BOSS AND SEE IF WE COULD --
IF THERE'S SOMETHING WE COULD
SHARE ABOUT THAT ONCE OUR PLAN
IS ACTUALLY FINALIZED.
THAT NUMBER IS GOING TO VARY
SIGNIFICANTLY FROM CAMPUS TO
CAMPUS.
IT'S USUALLY SITE SPECIFIC AS
WELL.
BUT IT'S SIGNIFICANT.
>> RIGHT.
OKAY.
AND THEN KERRI, ARE YOU SEEING
THE CHAT?
>> YEAH, I DO, THANKS.
SO, THIS ACTUALLY PREDATES MY
ROLE WITH THE INSTITUTE AS TO
WHEN THAT NET-ZERO ENERGY
WAREHOUSE IS BEING DESIGNED AND
IMPROVED.
>> I'M SORRY, KERRI, THE VIEWERS
CANNOT SEE THE CHAT SO WE NEED
TO REITERATE THE QUESTION.
>> OH, THANK YOU.
I'M HAPPY TO READ IT IF THAT
WOULD HELP.
>> SURE, SURE.
>> THE QUESTION THAT WE RECEIVED
IS, WHAT ARE SOME BEST PRACTICES
YOU CAN SHARE FROM THE NET-ZERO
ENERGY WAREHOUSE PROCESS TO HELP
OTHER AGENCIES SUCCESSFULLY
PROPOSE AND GET TO YES ABOUT
NET-ZERO ENERGY ENERGY WITH
THEIR MANAGEMENT
REPRESENTATIVES?
AND SO AS I WAS STARTING WITH, I
WAS NOT PRESENT FOR THE INs
AND OUTs OF ALL OF THAT BUT I
HAVE HEARD THAT WAS NOT THE
ORIGINAL DESIGN FOR THE
FACILITY.
THE NET-ZERO ENERGY WAREHOUSE
WAS ORIGINALLY GOING TO BE A
WAREHOUSE THAT WOULD MEET
EFFICIENT DESIGN BUILDING GUIDES
AS REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION
WITHIN THE FEDERAL WORLD BUT NOT
NECESSARILY NET-ZERO ENERGY,
THAT WAS SOMETHING OUR PRIOR
EXECUTIVE OFFICER WHO IS NOW
SINCE RETIRED CHAMPIONED, CHRIS
LONG, IF THERE'S ANYBODY IN THE
DIGITAL ROOM THAT KNEW CHRIS.
HE WORKED ACTIVELY WITH LOCAL
LEADERSHIP AND FACILITIES,
FACILITIES FOLKS ARE HERE
LOCALLY BUT THEY DO REPORT UP TO
BETHESDA FOR THEIR LEADERSHIP SO
THERE WERE DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES
OF STAKEHOLDERS HE REALLY HAD TO
WORK CLOSELY WITH, TO ADVOCATE
FOR THAT OUTCOME.
IT WAS A SIGNIFICANT
ACHIEVEMENT, OUR FIRST NET-ZERO
ENERGY FACILITY WITHIN
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES, SO IT IT WAS NOT
CONVENTIONAL THINKING BUT PART
OF HOW WE GOT TO YES WAS REALLY
PUSHING THE CONNECTION WITH OUR
MISSION, IN PARTICULAR HERE AT
OUR INSTITUTE, BECAUSE OF OUR
ROLE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND
ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH, CLIMATE,
AND ISSUES RELATED TO FOSSIL
FUEL COMBUSTION, THAT WAS A BIG
LEVERAGE POINT.
THERE WERE CERTAINLY I THINK
SOME BENEFITS FINANCIALLY FOR
THE OPERATION OF THE BUILDING
BECAUSE WE WOULD BE RELYING LESS
SO ON GRID ENERGY.
AND WE DO EXPORT SOME ADDITIONAL
ELECTRICITY AS WELL.
BUT I THINK THAT WAS, TO MY
UNDERSTANDING, THAT WAS REALLY
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE
CONVERSATION IS WE NEED TO
EMBRACE WHO WE ARE WITHIN OUR
OPERATIONS, AND MOVE IN THAT
DIRECTION.
>> AND THEN FROM A HEADQUARTERS
PERSPECTIVE AND WE WORKED A LOT
WITH YOU ALL TO MAKE SURE THERE
WAS A LOT OF ATTENTION THAT WAS
PUT ON THIS PROJECT.
AND TO ADVERTISE AND GET THE
WORD OUT AS WE COULD TO SHOW
IT'S POSSIBLE WITHIN OUR
DEPARTMENT WHERE IT'S -- WE HAVE
VERY ENERGY INTENSIVE
(INDISCERNIBLE) AND IT'S
DIFFICULT.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
YOU WERE PART OF THAT TIMELINE.
KENNY FLOYD WHO IS ONE OF THE
ORGANIZERS FOR THE EVENT, ALSO
PART OF NIH, IS SENDING ME SOME
FEEDBACK AS WELL BECAUSE HE'S
FROM THAT PART OF THE PROCESS.
AND HE'S REMINDING ME THERE'S
ALSO A CONTRIBUTION OF THE
OCCUPANTS IN THE BUILDING.
SO THERE WAS QUITE A BIT OF
EDUCATION THEY HAD TO RECEIVE
ABOUT WHAT IT MEANS AND WHAT
THEIR ROLE IS TO BE LIVING AND
WORKING AND CONTRIBUTING IN THE
WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT IS A
NET-ZERO ENERGY WORK
ENVIRONMENT.
IT IS AN ADJUSTMENT.
IN THE WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS
FOOTPRINT AREA WHERE WE STORE
MATERIALS AND YOU'RE SEEING
FORKLIFT ACTIVITY AND DOCKS AND
WHAT NOT, THAT'S NOT CLIMATE
CONTROLLED.
THERE'S LARGE FANS AND THEY WORK
HARD TOWARDS DOING THEIR BEST
WITH THAT.
THE BUILDING DESIGN WAS
OBVIOUSLY ADDRESSING THAT.
BUT YOU'RE NOT STEP IN TO, SAY,
AN AIR CONDITIONED ENVIRONMENT,
FOR EXAMPLE, SO THERE WAS
SOCIALIZING THAT WENT ALONG WITH
THAT.
THERE IS AN OFFICE COMPONENT OF
THAT BUILDING AND THAT IS MORE
TRADITIONALLY CLIMATE CONTROLLED
BUT, AGAIN, ITS DESIGN WAS SUCH
THAT IT WAS MEANT TO BE THE MOST
EFFICIENT WE COULD ACHIEVE
BEFORE WE HAD TO ADDRESS THOSE
THINGS AS WELL.
LIKE -- IT LOOKS LIKE WE HAVE A
QUESTION FOR JOFREY.
>> SURE.
I'LL READ THE QUESTION FROM THE
CHAT.
THE QUESTION IS HOW ACCURATE WAS
THE DIGITAL TWIN MODEL TO THE
REAL DATA?
IT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
IT DEPENDS ON -- REALLY DEPENDS
ON YOU AND YOUR GROUP.
YOU CAN MAKE IT VERY DETAILED,
BUT IT'S GOING TO TAKE MORE TIME
AND EFFORT TO COLLECT, YOU KNOW,
ACCURATE DATA FROM ENERGY USAGE
FROM YOUR FACILITIES.
AND THEN PUT IT IN THE MODEL.
SO, OUR APPROACH WAS INITIALLY
TO GET ENOUGH INFORMATION SO IT
ACTUALLY REFLECTS REAL LIFE
CIRCUMSTANCES, BUT WE'RE ABOUT
TO START THE NEXT LEVEL WHERE
WE'RE ACTUALLY GOING TO START
DOING DEEP DIVES ON THE
FACILITIES THAT HAVE MOST OF THE
OPPORTUNITIES AND THEN, YOU
KNOW, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO
SPEND A LOT MORE TIME AND EFFORT
COLLECTING REAL LIFE DATA FROM
BUILDING ENERGY USAGE AND THEN
PUT IT IN THE MODEL.
AND THIS IS HELPFUL BUT THERE
HAS TO BE A BALANCE, RIGHT?
YOU WANT TO BE ABLE TO UPDATE
THE MODEL PERIODICALLY TO
REASSESS, I DON'T KNOW,
ANNUALLY, MAKE SURE YOUR GOALS
ARE STILL ALIGNED WITH YOUR
ULTIMATE GOAL.
AND YOU'RE MEETING SPECIFIC
METRICS AND MILESTONES.
SO, THE MORE DATA YOU HAVE
THERE, AND YOU NEED TO UPDATE
IT, SOMETHING YOU'RE GOING TO
HAVE TO DO, YOU KNOW, AND KEEP
IT UP.
SO, IT'S JUST, YOU KNOW, A
LONG-TERM COMMITMENT BUT IT'S AN
INVALUABLE TOOL FOR PLANNING
PURPOSES AND VERIFICATION.
>> GREAT.
IT LOOKS LIKE THAT'S IT FOR
QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU BOTH, KERRI AND
JOFREY, VERY INTERESTING TO GET
THAT PERSPECTIVE LOOKING AT
LABORATORY CAMPUSES.
WE HAVE JARO SEBEK WITH THE
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER,
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES.
WITH THAT, JARO, IT'S ALL YOU.
>> ALL RIGHT.
LET'S SEE HERE.
MY SLIDES, THERE WE GO.
OH, IT DIDN'T COME UP WHEN I'M
SHARING.
LET ME TRY THAT AGAIN.
THERE WE GO.
ALL RIGHT.
GOOD AFTERNOON.
WE'RE GOING TO LOOK AT HOW THE
NIH REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION
OPERATING COSTS, INCREASED
RELIABILITY OF COLD STORAGE BY
CONDUCTING FREEZER CHALLENGE, A
NICHE AREA OF ENERGY SAVINGS
THAT'S BECOMING MORE RELEVANT
NOW AS MORE FEDERAL AND STATE
AGENCIES ARE USING COLD STORAGE
EQUIPMENT FOR VACCINES AND FOR
COVID.
SO WE HAVE THOUSANDS OF
LABORATORY FREEZERS AND
REFRIGERATORS AT NIH, ULTRA LOW
TEMPERATURE, NEXT CATEGORY IS
THOSE THAT OPERATE BETWEEN MINUS
20 AND MINUS 40 DEGREES FOLLOWED
BY LN2 AND LABORATORY
REFRIGERATORS.
WITH SO MANY FREEZERS AND
REFRIGERATORS, AT THE NIH,
STUDIED HOW THEY WERE AFFECTED
BY OPERATING CONDITIONS.
THE STUDY SHOWED THE PERFORMANCE
FACTORS SHOWN ON THIS SLIDE,
THINGS SUCH AS AGE AND
MAINTENANCE, AND INITIAL
TEMPERATURE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
AND TEMPERATURE SETTING, HOW
THEY AFFECTED THE COMPRESSOR
DUTY CYCLE AND CORRESPONDING
ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
YOU CAN SEE A LINK TO THAT STUDY
ON THIS SLIDE.
THE STUDY ALSO SHOWED US HOW
MUCH ENERGY IS REALLY BEING USED
BY COLD STORAGE EQUIPMENT AT THE
NIH.
ONE CONSUMES 20-KILOWATT HOURS A
DAY, AVERAGE COMING DOWN SINCE
THE EPA INCLUDED LABORATORY
FREEZERS AND REFRIGERATORS INTO
THE ENERGY STAR PROGRAM IN 2017,
MANUFACTURERS RESPONDED AND
FREEZERS HAD BECOME MORE
EFFICIENT BUT MOST OF THE
FREEZERS AT THE NIH ARE OLDER
THAN THAT.
SO WE'RE STILL AT THAT
20-KILOWATT HOUR PER DAY, WHICH
SHOULD GO DOWN IN A FEW YEARS,
AND WITH THOUSANDS OF FREEZERS
AND REFRIGERATORS AGAIN THE
TOMORROW ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS
SIGNIFICANT.
ALONG WITH THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION COMES CORRESPONDING
COST.
THESE ARE THE COSTS SHOWN AT
OUR -- AVERAGE RATE AT BETHESDA
CAMPUS, MOST ARE AT OUR BETHESDA
CAMPUS, THAT'S WHY WE USE THIS
RATE.
AND THEN IN ADDITION TO THE COST
WE HAVE THE GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS, WITH THOUSANDS OF
FREEZERS AND REFRIGERATORS COSTS
AND EMISSIONS ARE SIGNIFICANT.
SO, BASED ON RESULTS OF THE
STUDY WE DEVELOPED A FREEZER
POLICY TO DETAIL HOW TO MANAGE
ULT FREEZERS THROUGH THE ENTIRE
LIFE CYCLE TO INCREASE
RELIABILITY AND REDUCE ENERGY
CONSULTS.
EXAMPLE IN THE POLICY THAT'S
ALSO SHOWN ON THE SCREEN IS THAT
WE REQUIRE SEMI ANNUAL
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE.
REGULAR PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
WAS BEING DONE IN SOME OF OUR
LABS BUT IT WASN'T WIDESPREAD
UNTIL THIS POLICY CAME OUT AND
THEN EVEN AFTER POLICY CAME OUT
WE HAD TO DO SOME MARKETING AND
COMPLIANCE INFECTIONS TO HELP
GET THE WORD OUT THIS WAS A
REQUIREMENT.
BEYOND THE POLICY THERE ARE A
NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL WAYS TO
REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND
WE'RE ENCOURAGING LABS TO TAKE
ON SOME OTHER OPPORTUNITIES IN
THE NIH FREEZER CHALLENGE.
NIH FREEZER CHALLENGE IS BASED
OFF THE INTERNATIONAL FREEZER
CHALLENGE.
WE HAVE A FEW DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN NIH AND INTERNATIONAL
BUT FOR MOST PART CHALLENGE
INITIATIVES ARE PRETTY SIMILAR,
SOME EXACTLY THE SAME.
TO HAVE PARTICIPATED IN OUR
CHALLENGE YOU HAVE TO BE FIRST
IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL OF OUR
REQUIREMENTS OF OUR FREEZER
POLICY AND WE CAN HELP LABS THAT
ARE INTERESTED MEET ANYTHING
THAT THEY ARE NOT CURRENTLY
MAINTAINING AT THE TIME.
AND THEN ALSO COMPLETE ONE OF
THE CHALLENGE INITIATIVES SHOWN
ON THE SLIDE.
THEN WE GO INTO A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT SOME CHALLENGE INITIATIVES
AND FOLLOWING SLIDES GIVE MORE
INFORMATION.
ONE OF THE BIGGEST WAYS THAT WE
CAN REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS
SETTING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE
FREEZER TO MINUS 70 DEGREES
CELSIUS VERSUS MINUS 80 OR NOW
MINUS 86.
PRIOR TO 1990, ALL THE FREEZERS
CAME SET AT MINUS 70 OR MINUS
65, AND MANY FREEZERS DIDN'T
HAVE CAPABILITY TO GO TO MINUS
80.
PUSH TO MINUS 80 CAME FROM
MANUFACTURERS AS A SELLING POINT
WHY TO BUY THEIR FREEZERS, FIRST
THE COMPETITOR, THEN ALL THE
OTHER MANUFACTURERS FOLLOWED
SUIT.
THERE WASN'T A LOT OF DATA THAT
WAS PRESENTED TO SHOW THAT THE
DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE IS GOING
TO OFFER SAMPLE -- GREATER
SAMPLE INTEGRITY, AND THERE'S
BEEN SEVERAL STUDIES DONE TO
SHOW WITH SPECIFIC SAMPLES THAT
THERE'S NO DIFFERENCE IN SAMPLE
INTEGRITY AT MINUS 80 VERSUS
MINUS 70.
AND THERE ARE SOME SAMPLES THAT
IT IS BETTER FOR SO IT'S NOT
SOMETHING THAT YOU WOULD DO ON
ALL YOUR FREEZERS, BUT FOR THE
FREEZERS THAT YOU CAN IT'S A
HUGE DECREASE IN ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AND ALSO A LOT LESS
PRESSURE ON THE COMPRESSORS SO
IT CAN HELP WITH RELIABILITY.
THERE'S A LOT OF APPREHENSION
ABOUT CHANGING THE TEMPERATURE
TO MINUS 70.
ESPECIALLY FOR RESEARCHERS THAT
ARE NEWER AND ARE FAMILIAR THAT
THEY USED TO BE SET, SOME OF THE
RESEARCHERS THAT WE WERE ABLE TO
GET ON BOARD THAT WEREN'T REALLY
HESITANT TO GET ON BOARD WERE --
REMEMBERED WHEN -- I REMEMBER
WHEN THAT CAME AT MINUS 65 OR
MINUS 70 SO THEY WEREN'T THAT
HESITANT TO CHANGE, ESPECIALLY
FOR NEWER RESEARCHERS, THIS IS
SOMETHING THEY ARE CONCERNED
ABOUT, SO WE'RE STARTING TO
COLLECT SOME DATA ABOUT WHAT
SAMPLES ARE BEING STORED AT THE
NIH, SAFELY, AT MINUS 70, SO
THAT WE CAN SHARE THIS
INFORMATION AND ENCOURAGE MORE
LABS TO CHANGE THE TEMPERATURE
SETTING OF THEIR FREEZERS.
ANOTHER WAY TO FREEZE UP -- FREE
UP FREEZER SPACE AND REDUCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS BY
DISCARDING SAMPLES.
THERE'S A LOT OF TIMES SAMPLES
END UP BEING STORED LONG AFTER
THEY ARE ANY VALUE, JUST TAKING
THE TIME TO GO THROUGH THE
SAMPLE INVENTORY AND DECIDING
WHAT'S NECESSARY AND NOT.
THIS CAN HAVE A BIG DECREASE IN
ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY REDUCING
AMOUNT OF TOTAL SPACE NEEDED FOR
NEW SAMPLES, YOU'RE FREEING UP
SPACE FOR NEW RESEARCH RATHER
THAN NEEDING A NEW FREEZER.
ANOTHER THING IS DEFROSTING
FREEZERS.
IT'S UNCOMMON TO REGULARLY
DEFROST YOUR FREEZER AT THE NIH.
FREEZER MANUFACTURERS WILL
ALWAYS HAVE CONDITION IN THE
MANUAL OF WHEN TO DEFROST A
FREEZER, EITHER A TIME
REQUIREMENT OF ONCE PER YEAR OR
UNDER CERTAIN OPERATING
CONDITIONS WHEN ICE GETS TO A
CERTAIN LEVEL.
IT'S TIME CONSUMING TO DEFROST
FREEZERS BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO
TRANSFER SAMPLES INTO A
DIFFERENT FREEZER AND THEN LET
YOUR FREEZER WARM UP, ONCE YOUR
TEMPERATURE SETTING GOES BACK
DOWN TO MOVE THEM DOWN, SOME
LABS DON'T HAVE ENOUGH FREE
SPACE TO MOVE AN ENTIRE
FREEZER'S WORTH OF SAMPLES INTO
A TEMPORARY STORAGE, SO THEY
HAVE TO RENT A FREEZER TO GET A
FREEZER BROUGHT IN SO THEY CAN
DO A DEFROST.
SO, SOMETIMES WE GET SOME PRETTY
BAD ICE BUILDUP AS SHOWN IN
THESE PICTURES, AND THE WORST
THAT I CAN REMEMBER SEEING IN
PERSON WAS A RESEARCHER, SHE HAD
TO PUT HER WHOLE BODY'S WEIGHT
TO LEAN INTO THE FREEZER DOOR TO
GET IT CLOSED.
IN THESE CASES ESPECIALLY IT'S
REALLY IMPORTANT TO DEFROST
FREEZERS TO ALLOW GASKETS TO DO
WHAT THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO DO AND
SAVE US SOME ENERGY.
ANOTHER GOOD WAY TO DO IT IS
SHARING FREEZER SPACE.
ONE WAY WE'RE ENCOURAGING LABS
TO DO THIS IS WITH BACKUP
FREEZERS.
THE NIH HAS THOUSANDS OF LABS,
AND MANY OF THESE LABS EACH OF
THE LAB HAS THEIR OTHER THAN
BACKUP FREEZER FOR THEIR LAB.
AND SO WE HAVE A LOT OF FREEZERS
THAT ARE JUST BEING RUN AT MINUS
80, RUNNING EMPTY JUST FOR -- IN
THE EVENT OF A FREEZER FAILURE.
NOW WE UNDERSTAND THAT'S
NECESSARY, BUT WHAT WE WOULD
LIKE TO DO IS GET LABS THAT ARE
NEAR EACH OTHER TO WORK TOGETHER
AND SHARE SPACE AND JUST BY
SHARING THAT BACKUP FREEZERS, BY
SHARING BACKUP FREEZERS AND
SHARING SPACE WE CAN REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF COLD STORAGE EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED.
LIQUID NITROGEN FREEZERS HAVE
ADVANTAGES, THERE'S A LOT OF
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEYOND
ENERGY CONSUMPTION THAT WE'RE
NOT GOING TO GET TO IN THIS
PRESENTATION.
WE'LL LEAVE THAT FOR ANOTHER
DISCUSSION.
BUT LIQUID NITROGEN FREEZERS
CONSUME LESS ENERGY AND ARE MORE
RELIABLE.
ONE CHALLENGE IS TO LOOK AT
SAMPLE INVENTORY, ESPECIALLY FOR
LONG-TERM SAMPLES, THAT'S WHERE
LIQUID NITROGEN GETS MORE OF A
BENEFIT BECAUSE FOR LONG-TERM
SAMPLES, THE SAMPLES AREN'T
ACCESSED AS FREQUENTLY, SO YOU
DON'T HAVE AS MANY DOOR
OPENINGS, SO YOU HAVE LESS LOSS
OF LIQUID NITROGEN FROM THE DOOR
OPENING, SO IT MAKES FOR
LONG-TERM SAMPLES, LIQUID
NITROGEN FREEZERS ARE ESPECIALLY
IDEAL.
AND ELECTRONIC SAMPLE
INVENTORIES ARE ALREADY REQUIRED
FOR OUR PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES
AND CLINICAL SAMPLES, AND MOST
RESEARCH SAMPLES ARE -- DO HAVE
ELECTRONIC SAMPLE INVENTORIES AS
WELL, EVEN THOUGH THOSE AREN'T
NECESSARILY REQUIRED.
I THINK MOST IMPORTANT THING
WITH THIS INITIATIVE IS NOT
NECESSARILY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
INVENTORY BECAUSE MOST OF THEM
ALREADY ARE IN PLACE, BUT IT'S
KEEPING IT UP TO DATE.
I'VE SEEN INSTANCES WHERE
THERE'S RESEARCHER LOOKING IN A
FREEZER, THEY ARE RUMMAGING
AROUND LOOKING FOR THEIR
SAMPLES, I'VE HEARD A REFERENCE
TO OTHER PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT IT
LIKE, YOU KNOW, SEARCHING
THROUGH THE FRIDGE LOOKING FOR
THE RIGHT LEFTOVER, AND IT DOES
SEEM LIKE THAT.
SO SOMETIMES YOU HAVE THESE
LARGE DOOR -- LONG DOOR
OPENINGS, OVER TWO MINUTES
EASILY, AND YOU'RE LOSING ALL
THAT CONDITIONED AIR.
SO WE REALLY WANT TO ENCOURAGE
YOU TO KEEP YOUR INVENTORY UP TO
DATE SO WHEN YOU'RE GOING INTO
THE FREEZER YOU KNOW EXACTLY
WHAT BOX YOU'RE LOOKING FOR,
WHERE YOUR BOX IS LOCATED.
MANY FREEZERS ARE 600 BOXES, SO
HAVING A GOOD IDEA CAN REDUCE
YOUR DOOR OPENINGS AND MAKE YOUR
LIFE A LITTLE EASIER, BUT ALSO
REDUCE THE CORRESPONDING ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AS WELL.
THIS IS A FAIRLY NEW INITIATIVE.
SEVERAL COMPANIES ARE NOW
OFFERING HIGH DENSITY SAMPLE
STORAGE BOXES FOR ONE MILLILITER
AND HALF MILLILITER SAMPLE TUBE,
SAME SIZE AS 100 CELL BOX BUT
THEY CAN STORE A LOT MORE
SAMPLES.
A CHALLENGE WITH THIS IS THAT
OUR LABS ARE USING THE
1.5-MILLILITER TUBES, MANY LABS
USE THOSE TUBES RATHER THAN
SMALLER ONES, EVEN IF THEY ARE
USING SMALLER SAMPLES THEY STILL
USE THE 1.5 MILLILITER TUBES,
AND THESE CONFIGURATIONS WON'T
FIT THAT, BUT IF YOU ARE WILLING
TO CHANGE YOUR TUBES, THIS IS A
GIGANTIC OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE
MORE STORAGE IN THE SAME AMOUNT
OF SPACE.
SO A LOT OF INITIATIVES WE
DISCUSS TALK ABOUT REDUCING THE
AMOUNT OF COLD STORAGE SPACE
THAT'S REQUIRED.
AND SO IDEALLY WHEN DOING THAT,
YOU'LL END UP WHERE HOPEFULLY A
WHOLE FREEZER WOULD NO LONGER BE
NECESSARY.
SO, MOST OF THE CHALLENGE
INITIATIVES WE DISCUSSED, THEY
ALL WILL INCREASE FREEZER
RELIABILITY, REDUCE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION, REDUCE OPERATING
COST AND GREENHOUSE EMISSION,
RETIRE UNNECESSARY FREEZERS HAS
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS BECAUSE THEY
DON'T HAVE -- YOU'RE ALSO
ELIMINATING THE NEED FOR
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, EVERY
SIX MONTHS, AND ANY MECHANICAL
FAILURES THAT THE MAINTENANCE
REPAIR COST, REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE COST YOU'RE
ELIMINATING AS WELL FOR ANY
FREEZERS THAT ARE RETIRED, NO
LONGER NECESSARY.
AND THEN NOT ONLY ARE YOU
FREEING UP COLD STORAGE SPACE IN
THIS INSTANCE, YOU'RE ALLOWING
IT TO BE USED FOR SOMETHING ELSE
IN THE LAB, AND OUR LABS,
ESPECIALLY BETHESDA CAMPUS,
SPACE IS A PREMIUM.
EQUIPMENT IS CRAMPED EVERYWHERE.
IF SOME LABS WERE ABLE TO DO
THIS, IT'S A BIG ADVANTAGE.
THIS INITIATIVE WE HAVEN'T HAD
MUCH TRACTION AT THE NIH YET.
ONE LAB, LABORATORY OF CELL
BIOLOGY, TRIED THIS.
THERE'S SOME CHEMICAL STORAGE
SOLUTIONS WHICH ELIMINATE THE
NEED FOR STORING AT COLD
TEMPERATURES.
YOU CAN STORE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE USING THESE CHEMICAL
SOLUTIONS.
AND THERE'S SOME BIG BENEFITS
WITH THIS, NOT ONLY ARE YOU
ELIMINATING REQUIREMENT FOR COLD
STORAGE BUT AS IT SAYS ON THE
SLIDE WE ALSO ELIMINATE THE COLD
STORAGE REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT
SO YOU DON'T NEED DRY ICE OR THE
TEMPERATURE INSULATED SAMPLE
STORAGE BOX WHEN YOU'RE -- IF
YOU NEED TO SEND SAMPLES IN.
THERE'S A COUPLE OPPORTUNITIES.
I DON'T THINK THAT THERE'S MANY
SAMPLE CATEGORIES THAT THIS
COULD BE DONE.
I THINK IT'S PRIMARILY DNA AND
RNA.
IF YOU'RE WILLING TO INVEST IN
THE TECHNOLOGY, I THINK THERE'S
A HUGE OPPORTUNITY HERE.
SO WE STARTED THE CHALLENGE IN
2019.
AND AFTER THE ORIGINAL
CHALLENGE, WE ACTUALLY GENERATED
A BIT OF ENTHUSIASM FROM
PRESENTATIONS AT SOME OF OUR
SUSTAINABILITY TEAMS, AND WE HAD
A LOT OF LABS SIGN UP WHERE WE
WERE ON TRACK TO HAVE A BIG
INCREASE IN PARTICIPATION.
UNFORTUNATELY, DUE TO THE
PANDEMIC, MOST OF THE LABS SAID
SEND THIS -- NOTIFIED US THEY
WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO PARTICIPATE,
UNDERSTANDABLY.
WE WERE LIMITING THE NUMBER OF
OCCUPANTS AT A TIME AND SO WITH
LIMITED ACCESS TO LAB, YOU
NEEDED TO FOCUS ON MISSION
CRITICAL ACTIVITIES AND SO WE
ONLY HAD FOUR PARTICIPANTS IN
2020, WE HAD A LITTLE BIT OF
INCREASE LAST YEAR, STILL
OPERATING UNDER PANDEMIC
CONDITIONS, AND THIS YEAR AS
WELL.
SO HOPEFULLY NEXT YEAR MAYBE WE
COULD GET IT TO A MUCH LARGER
BASE.
SO HERE'S SOME INITIATIVES THAT
WERE DONE.
YOU CAN SEE THAT IN 2021 FOR THE
FIRST INITIATIVE REPLACING
FREEZERS WITH ENERGY STAR, A BIG
JUMP LED BY THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH SIGN TESTS, KERRI WHO
PRESENTED BEFORE ME, THEY LED AN
INITIATIVE TO REPLACE AGING
FREEZERS OVER 15 YEARS OLD, I
THINK IT WAS THE TARGET, IF I
REMEMBER RIGHT, WITH NEW ENERGY
STAR CERTIFIED, AND THIS HAS A
COUPLE BENEFITS AND ONE THAT THE
FREEZER LIFE ESTIMATED BY THE
MANUFACTURERS IN THE SERVICE TO
PROVIDERS IS ANYWHERE FROM 8 TO
12 YEARS, SO THEY WERE ALREADY
BEYOND USEFUL LIFE, AND THE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION INCREASES BY
ABOUT 2% EVERY YEAR, JUST
EQUIPMENT BECOMES A LITTLE LESS
EFFICIENT.
AND SO YOU'RE SAVING ENERGY AND
GETTING A MORE RELIABLE FREEZER.
AND THEN YOU CAN SEE THE NUMBER
OF SAMPLES AND RETIREMENTS OF
FREEZERS ARE OUR BIGGEST HITTERS
FOR ENERGY REDUCTION.
AND SO WHEN ALL THAT IS
ACCOMPLISHED, WE CAME UP WITH
THE SAVINGS, SO LAST YEAR WE
ELIMINATED ABOUT 261 GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS, THOSE ARE ANNUAL
SAVINGS BECAUSE YOU GAIN THOSE
SAVINGS EACH YEAR THAT FREEZER
WOULD BE IN OPERATION.
AND THAT'S EQUIVALENT TO
REMOVING ABOUT 57 CARS OFF THE
ROAD.
THESE SAVINGS ARE VERY SMALL,
ESPECIALLY COMPARED TO SOME OF
THE PREVIOUS PRESENTERS,
ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF THE TOTAL
NIH ENERGY CONSUMPTION THEY ARE
NOT A LOT.
BUT THEY ARE ACCOMPLISHED FROM
ONLY A SMALL NUMBER OF LABS AND
THEY ARE VERY REPLICABLE, WITH
THOUSANDS OF LABS AT THE NIH IF
WE CAN GENERATE A LOT OF
PARTICIPATION WE COULD HAVE SOME
SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS.
THEY ARE REPLICABLE INITIATIVES,
A LOT ARE ZERO COST, THEY ONLY
TAKE OUR LAB STAFF TIME.
THERE'S A TIME COMMITMENT
REQUIREMENT BUT YOU DON'T HAVE
TO PURCHASE SOMETHING EXTRA FOR
A NUMBER OF THE INITIATIVES, SO
IT'S A GREAT OPPORTUNITY.
AND AS OUR KEYNOTE SPEAKER TODAY
DISCUSSED, EO 14057 SETS
AGGRESSIVE TARGETS FOR REDUCING
EMISSIONS, AND IT'S ANOTHER
REASON TO LOOK AT ANY
OPPORTUNITY TO REDUCE ENERGY,
REDUCE EMISSIONS, AND FREEZER
CHALLENGES CAN DEFINITELY HELP
WITH THAT.
SO EACH YEAR WE SAY THE NIH
FREEZER CHALLENGE WAS BASED ON
INTERNATIONAL FREEZER CHALLENGE,
EACH YEAR THE NIH AFTER WE'RE
DONE WITH OUR CHALLENGE WE
COMPILE OUR RESULTS AND SUBMIT
TO INTERNATIONAL FREEZER
CHALLENGE WHERE HUNDREDS OF LABS
FROM ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE
WORLD COMPETE TO SEE WHO CAN
REDUCE THE MOST ENERGY
CONSUMPTION.
SO, THE NIH WON THE FREEZER
CHALLENGE IN THE GOVERNMENT
ORGANIZATION CATEGORY IN 2020
AND 2021.
OUR LABORATORY WON IN THE
INDIVIDUAL LABORATORY CATEGORY,
AGAIN IN 2021.
WE GOT A LITTLE BIT OF
RECOGNITION FROM THAT AT THE
ANNUAL FREEZER CHALLENGE
CONFERENCE, AND IN A COUPLE
"NATURE" ARTICLES, ON THEIR
WEBSITE.
SO MORE INFORMATION, HERE'S SOME
LINKS FOR THE NIH FREEZER
CHALLENGE.
SOME OF THE LINKS ARE FOR NIH
STAFF, MS-TEAMS PAGES IS FOR US
ONLY.
EVERYBODY CAN LOOK AT ANYTHING
WE'VE DONE AND CONTACT US AND
THEN THERE'S ALSO A LINK TO THE
INTERNATIONAL FREEZER CHALLENGE
PAGE, IF YOU WANT TO LOOK AT --
IT'S VERY SIMILAR TO A LOT OF
CHALLENGE INITIATIVES WITH SOME
DIFFERENCES.
AND THEN ONE OTHER BENEFIT IS
THAT WE'VE TALKED A LOT ABOUT
HOW THE FREEZER CHALLENGE IS
GOING TO HELP THE ORGANIZATION
THAT TAKES IT ON, BUT WHEN LARGE
FEDERAL AGENCIES PARTICIPATE IN
SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES, IT
HELPS MANUFACTURERS SERVE AS
PROVIDERS, SPONSORING
INITIATIVES SO WE CAN HELP OUT
WITH THAT.
AND THEN ALSO WHEN LARGE FEDERAL
AGENCIES SAY THAT ENERGY
CONSUMPTION IS IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATION FOR PURCHASING
EQUIPMENT, IT DRIVES
MANUFACTURERS TO INVEST IN
ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES
PRIOR TO RELEASE OF ENERGY STAR
LABEL.
THERE WAS ONLY A COUPLE FREEZERS
THAT WERE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
THAT ACTUALLY COULD MEET THE
ENERGY STAR REQUIREMENTS, BUT
ONCE IT CAME OUT ALL THE
MANUFACTURERS RELEASED A NUMBER
OF FREEZERS, THAT ALL MEET
REQUIREMENTS, ANY NEW FREEZER
FROM MAJOR MANUFACTURERS WILL
MEET THE ENERGY STAR
REQUIREMENT.
YOU CAN SEE ON THE RIGHT OF THE
SLIDE A POSTER THAT'S UP
THROUGHOUT CU-BOULDER, NIH
SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES, JUST
TO SHOW STUDENTS THIS IS
SOMETHING THEY ARE GOING TO HAVE
TO CONSIDER NOT JUST WHILE AT
SCHOOL AT CU-BOULDER BUT PART OF
THEIR LIFE WHEN THEY WORK IN A
LAB THROUGHOUT, AND SO IT HELPS
ENFORCE THE CULTURE OF BECOMING
MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS.
AND THAT'S IT.
I CAN TAKE SOME QUESTIONS.
THE FIRST QUESTION IS THIS LAB
INITIATIVES, HOW DID YOU
APPROACH WORKING WITH THE LAB
STAKE HOEDERS IN --
STAKEHOLDERS TO GET BUY IN AND
ENSURE PARTICIPATION BY
EMPLOYEES?
FIRST YEAR, WE TARGETED MAINLY
OUR SUSTAINABILITY GROUPS.
WE HAVE AN INTERAGENCY -- A
SUSTAINABLE LAB PRACTICES
WORKING GROUP, INTERAGENCY
SUSTAINABLE LAB PRACTICE WORKING
GROUP AND SOME GREEN TEAMS THAT
WE REALLY FOCUS ON GETTING
PARTICIPANTS.
A LOT OF PARTICIPANTS, SOME LAB
MANAGERS AND RESEARCHERS,
SUSTAINABILITY IS IMPORTANT,
THEY HAVE DONE A NUMBER OF
SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES AND
WE'RE ABLE TO TAKE THIS ON.
AND THEN AFTER THAT, WE TRY TO
USE THE SUCCESS OF THE FIRST
YEAR TO GET SOME MORE FREEZER
CHALLENGE PARTICIPANTS AND WE
DID GET A LOT OF PEOPLE TO SIGN
OFF WITHOUT LOOKING AT THE
NUMBERS, I THINK WE HAD LIKE 35
LABS SIGN UP IN 2020 BUT, AGAIN,
MOST OF THEM WERE NOT ABLE TO
PARTICIPATE DUE TO THE PANDEMIC.
AND SO WE'LL HAVE TO REALLY LOOK
AT HOW TO GET PARTICIPATION
AGAIN.
NEXT QUESTION, HOW DO YOU TRACK
ENERGY AND COST SAVINGS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHALLENGE?
SO WE'RE ACTUALLY -- I'M PRETTY
CONSERVATIVE WITH THE SAVINGS.
ISL, IF WE GO BACK TO SAVINGS,
WE ESTIMATE 300-SOMETHING
KILOWATT HOURS OF SAVINGS.
INTERNATIONAL FREEZER CHALLENGE
ESTIMATED WE WERE AT LIKE
500-SOMETHING.
WE'RE NOT METERING EACH OF THE
FREEZERS.
BASICALLY WHEN A FREEZER THAT
WE'RE ASSUMING AVERAGE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION SHOWING ON THE FIRST
COUPLE SLIDES WHERE 20-KILOWATT
HOURS PER DAY, SO THEN AVERAGE
ENERGY SAVINGS, SO AT A 30%, SO
IF SOMEBODY CHANGES THEIR
FREEZER FROM MINUS 80 TO MINUS
70, WE APPLY THE CHANGE FROM THE
5-KILOWATT HOUR CHANGE, AS THAT.
AND THAT'S THE SAME NUMBER WE'RE
USING FOR OUR -- WHEN WE'RE
RETIRING FREEZERS.
FOR FREEZER SAMPLE STORAGE SPACE
WE WOULDN'T CONSIDER ANY ENERGY
SAVINGS UNTIL WE REDUCE THE
WHOLE FREEZER'S WORTH OF
SAMPLES, SO WE ACTUALLY DON'T
INCLUDE THAT.
SO WE'RE PRETTY CONSERVATIVE AND
IT'S ALL BASED ON THE
20-KILOWATT HOUR DAY FOR ULTRA
LOW TEMPERATURE FREEZER AND WE
HAVE OTHER STANDARD NUMBERS FOR
OUR LABORATORY AND LABORATORY
REFRIGERATORS.
BUT AVERAGES, WE'RE NOT METERING
EACH ONE OF THE INITIATIVES TO
SEE THE EXACT CHANGE.
ARE THE INITIATIVES IN THE
FREEZER CHALLENGE INCORPORATED
IN THE DOE BETTER LABS PROGRAM?
SO, I KNOW THE DOE CAME OUT WITH
A GUIDE THAT HAD BEST PRACTICES
FOR MAINTAINING FREEZERS, BUT I
DON'T THINK IT INCLUDED A LOT OF
THE FREEZER CHALLENGE.
I THINK IT DID INCLUDE SOME BUT
I DON'T THINK IT INCLUDED ALL.
IT DIDN'T INCLUDE AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE STORAGE OR DIDN'T
INCLUDE THE HIGH DENSITY SAMPLE
STORAGE BOXES, BUT I DO THINK
THEY HAVE A GUIDE FOR -- I
NOVEMBER - I KNOW THEY HAVE A
GUIDE FOR FREEZER MANAGEMENT AND
I'M PRETTY CERTAIN IT TALKS
ABOUT MINUS 70.
FOR THE FREEZER CHALLENGE, HOW
DID YOU MEASURE THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION FROM VARIOUS
FREEZERSES, SUBMETERRING?
THEY ARE BASED ON ESTIMATES.
WE DID THE INITIAL FREEZER STUDY
WE UNPLUGGED THE FREEZERS,
PLUGGED IN METERS, AND WE USED A
METER BETWEEN THE PLUG AND THE
FREEZER WHERE WE GOT THE DAILY
CON SUMS AND USED THOSE
AVERAGES, ALSO FROM SOME OF OUR
COUNTERPARTS LIKE CU-BOULDER DID
A BUNCH OF ENERGY MEASURING AND
THEN THERE WAS A CALIFORNIA
UTILITY COMPANY THAT HIRED MY
GREEN LABS TO DO SOME METERING.
WE USED THE METERING DONE AT THE
NIH, AT CU-BOULDER, AND METERING
DONE FROM MY GREEN LABS
SPONSORED BY UTILITY COMPANY AS
A BASIS FOR OUR ESTIMATES FOR
MEASURING ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
BUT WE DON'T MEASURE IT FOR EACH
LAB PARTICIPATING IN THE
CHALLENGE.
WE HAVE MEASURED THAT AT THE
NIH, THESE DIFFERENT THINGS BUT
THAT WAS PART OF THE STUDY, NOT
AS WE'RE GOING TO OPERATE IN THE
CHALLENGE.
IT WAS PG&E, THE CALIFORNIA
UTILITY COMPANY I WAS REFERRING
TO.
ALL RIGHT.
I THINK I'M DONE CAN MY QUESTION
TIME.
IF YOU HAVE MORE QUESTIONS FEEL
FREE TO E-MAIL ME AND LET ME
KNOW.
THANKS.
>> THANK YOU, JARO.
THANK YOU FOR INVITING US TO
SHARE ABOUT FEDERAL ENERGY
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS.
THE WAYS THESE CAN BE USED TO
REDUCE ENERGY COSTS AND CARBON
EMISSIONS.
OUR GOAL IS TO PROVIDE AN
OVERVIEW TO THESE TYPES OF
CONTRACTS WHICH CAN BE A TOOL
FOR FEDERAL AGENCIES TO FUND AND
IMPLEMENT ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
PRODUCTS, MEET NEW FEDERAL
ENERGY GOALS REQUIREMENTS AND
HELP THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LEAD
TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY.
WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO
SPEAKING WITH YOU.
AS WE MENTIONED, I'M JEFF
GINGRICH, NATIONAL RENEWABLE
ENERGY LAB, SUPPORTING THE FEMP
UTILITY PROGRAM WHICH IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR HELPING AGENCIES
AS THEY NAVIGATE UESCs,
SPECIFICALLY UTILITY PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTS, AND HELP THEM MEET
ENERGY GOALS.
PHIL?
>> YEAH, PHIL VOSS, DIANA
COVERED IT, SUPPORT THE PROGRAMS
AS WELL AS DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
PROGRAMS, PRIMARILY IN
PROCUREMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR FEDERAL
FACILITIES.
JEFF?
>> THANKS.
ALL RIGHT.
WE'LL START OFF QUICKLY GIVING
AN INTRODUCTION TO FEMP.
FEMP IS AN OFFICE WITHIN THE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, AND OUR
GOAL IS TO WORK WITH FEDERAL
AGENCIES TO HELP THEM MEET THEIR
ENERGY-RELATED GOALS.
AND ONE OF THE WAYS WE DO THAT
IS THROUGH IDENTIFYING
AFFORDABLE SOLUTIONS, LIKE
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS WHICH
WE'LL BE DISCUSSING TODAY.
ANOTHER WAY IS THROUGH JUST
FACILITATING PUBLIC/PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIPS, HELPING AGENCIES
FIND THE RIGHT FOLKS IN THE
PRIVATE SECTOR AND ELSEWHERE TO
REALLY DRIVE FORWARD AND MEET
THEIR GOALS.
ALSO SHARING LESSONS LEARNED,
CASE STUDIES, THINGS ON THE
GROUND, HOW TO IMPLEMENT THESE
TYPES OF PROJECTS AND SHARE WITH
ONE ANOTHER.
BACKGROUND ON PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTS, THESE HAVE BEEN IN
USE FOR OVER 20 YEARS NOW,
STARTING IN THE 1990s, AND
THEY HAVE BEEN USED TO HELP
AGENCIES REDUCE COST AND ENERGY
INTENSITY, WE'VE SEEN AN UPTICK
OVER THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS, ONE
OF THE CONTRACTS WE'LL BE
TALKING ABOUT ENERGY SAVINGS
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS THAT ONE
ALONE TOPPED OVER $1 BILLION IN
INVESTMENT IN 2019.
UESCs LARGEST YEAR IN 2021
WITH $300 MILLION, YOU CAN SEE
THE BENEFITS THESE PROJECTS CAN
HAVE ENERGY USE TO JOBS,
CRITICAL BEING REDUCTION IN
GREENHOUSE GASES.
IT'S A BIG IMPACT, WE'RE SEEING
A LOT OF INTEREST IN USING THESE
TO HELP THE GOVERNMENT PURSUE
GOALS.
IT COMES DOWN TO FUNDING.
AND THESE CONTRACTS CAN HELP
AGENCIES PAY FOR ENERGY AND
WATER EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
WHEN EXISTING FUNDS MAY NOT BE
SUFFICIENT TO PAY FOR THE SIZE
AND SCALE OF PROJECTS.
THERE'S AGENCY-SPECIFIC
PRIORITIES, THINGS LIKE
RESILIENCE, SITE REQUIREMENTS,
FACILITY NEEDS, THERE'S
OBVIOUSLY ALWAYS A PLETHORA OF
EQUIPMENT THAT NEEDS TO BE
ADDRESSED, THAT'S GETTING OLD,
THAT MAY BE FAILING, THESE CAN
HELP PAY FOR THOSE BUT REALLY
THE BENEFIT COMES IN TAKING A
SORT OF LONG-TERM COMPREHENSIVE
APPROACH TO ENERGY PLANNING WHEN
IT COMES TO PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTS.
THESE ARE LONG-TERM THAT WILL
PAY FOR THEMSELVES.
WE WANT AGENCIES TO THINK OF
SETTING THEMSELVES UP FOR
SUCCESS AND ANTICIPATING NEEDS
10 YEARS FROM NOW AS OPPOSED TO
FIXING THE BACKLOGS ON SITE.
I WANTED TO PAINT A PICTURE WHY
WE SEE PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS AS
AN IMPORTANT SOLUTION FOR THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MOVING
FORWARD.
THE ENERGY ACT OF 2020 HAD A KEY
REQUIREMENT WITH LIFE CYCLE
CONSERVATION MEASURES, THESE ARE
TYPICALLY IDENTIFIED IN AUDITS
COMPLETED AT FACILITIES AT LEAST
EVERY FOUR YEARS, AND THIS ACT
WENT FARTHER TO SAY THAT
AGENCIES SHOULD BE USING
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING TO
ADDRESS AT LEAST 50% OF THOSE
MEASURES.
THEY GENERATE ENOUGH SAVINGS TO
PAY FOR THEMSELVES, A GREAT
OPPORTUNITY.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 14507 FROM THE
BIDEN ADMINISTRATION THIS YEAR
SETS THE TONE FOR WHERE THE
GOVERNMENT IS HEADED OVER THE
COURSE OF THE NEXT 25, 30 YEARS
TOWARDS NET ZERO EMISSIONS,
CARBON POLLUTION-FREE
ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC VEHICLES,
ALL THESE OTHER ASPECTS THAT ARE
GOING TO BE REALLY IMPORTANT FOR
THE GOVERNMENT TO ADDRESS.
IS NOW WE'LL GET INTO THE
CONTRACTS TO HELP ADDRESS THOSE
NEW GOALS.
THESE ALLOW ENERGY PROJECTS WITH
NO ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATION OR
UPFRONT COSTS, WORKING WITH A
UTILITY OR ENERGY SERVICE
COMPANY, TO HELP ASSESS AND COME
UP WITH A PACKAGE OF
CONSERVATION MEASURES THAT WILL
RESULT IN ENOUGH SAVINGS TO PAY
FOR THE EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
COSTS, THE AGENCY STARTS
ACCRUING THE SAVINGS TO DIRECT
TO THE UTILITY OR THE ESCO TO
PAY FOR THE CONTRACT OVER THE
TERM.
THERE ARE TWO SPECIFIC TIMES OF
CONTRACTS, ENERGY SAVINGS AND
UTILITY SAVINGS.
I WANT TO START BY GOING THROUGH
SOME OF THE COMMON ATTRIBUTES OF
THESE CONTRACTS, BECAUSE THERE'S
SIMILARITIES, BUT THERE'S ALSO
KEY DIFFERENCES WHICH WE'LL GET
INTO.
THE BIG ONE BEING JUST THE
GENERAL PURPOSE OF THESE
CONTRACTS, IT'S TO ACHIEVE
ENERGY SAVINGS, IMPROVE
INFRASTRUCTURE, ANCILLARY
BENEFITS THAT COME WITH THAT.
THE MAXIMUM CONTRACT TERM IS 25
YEARS, THAT'S STARTING WITH TASK
ORDER AWARD BEFORE CONSTRUCTION,
FINANCING APPROPRIATIONS CAN BE
COMBINED.
THE UTILITY OR THE ESCO IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR OBTAINING
FINDING WHEN THAT'S USED FOR A
PROJECT.
FIRM FIXED PRICE, MULTIPLE SITES
CAN BE COMBINED INTO A SINGLE
TASK ORDER.
DIFFERENT AS TO HOW THEY DO THAT
BUT SUFFICE TO SAY IF YOU HAVE
MULTIPLE AGENCY FACILITIES,
WITHIN A GEOGRAPHIC REGION, YOU
CAN COMBINE THOSE INTO A PROJECT
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE
ECONOMIES OF SALE.
SO, QUICKLY LOOKING AT ENERGY
SAVINGS PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS
AND WHAT MAKES THEM UNIQUE, THE
PRIME CONTRACTOR IS AN ENERGY
SERVICE COMPANY.
SO THAT HAS TO BE PRE-QUALIFIED
DOE ESCO, AND REALLY CRITICAL
HERE IS SAVINGS GUARANTEES AND M
AND V ARE REQUIRED, A SPECIFIC
SAVINGS AMOUNT NEEDS TO BE
EXCEEDED EVERY YEAR.
AND THEN ESCO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
M & O.
THE PRIME CONTRACTOR IS A LOCAL
SERVING DISTRIBUTION UTILITY, SO
THAT MEANS COMPETITION IS
LIMITED TO GAS, ELECTRIC OR
WATER UTILITY.
AND, AGAIN, PERFORMANCE IS VERY
CRITICAL, SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE
IS KEY TO THESE PROJECTS.
THERE IS NO SAVINGS GUARANTEE
REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE, FOR
UESCs, BUT A STRONG
PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE PROGRAM IS
REQUIRED TO MAKE SURE THEY
PERFORM TO STANDARDS AND RESULT
IN THE SAVINGS THAT ARE
ANTICIPATED.
THESE ARE -- WE CALL THESE
BUDGET NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS, IN
TERMS OF HOW THE MONEY FLOWS
DURING THESE PROJECTS.
SO TO KIND OF PAINT THAT PICTURE
YOU SEE ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE
MOST AGENCIES WILL START WITH AN
ENERGY AND O&M BUDGET, DURING
THE COURSE OF A PERFORMANCE
CONTRACT, THEN THE SAVINGS THAT
ARE ACCRUED WILL BE REDIRECTED
DIRECTLY TO THE UTILITY, SO YOU
WON'T NECESSARILY SEE NEW
SAVINGS IMMEDIATELY, THEY WILL
BE USED TO PAY FOR THE PROJECT
OF THE ONCE THE PROJECT IS OVER
AND EQUIPMENT IS PAID OFF, THE
SITE SHOULD BE OPERATING MORE
EFFICIENTLY WITH EXTRA SAVINGS
AVAILABLE THAT CAN BE REINVESTED
INTO THE AGENCY'S MISSION.
AND THEN FINALLY, MY LAST SLIDE
BEFORE I TURN IT OVER TO PHIL, I
WANTED TO GIVE A SENSE OF
EXAMPLES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION
MEASURES, A VAST NUMBER OF
OPTIONS SO THIS IS NOT
EXHAUSTIVE.
YOU CAN GET A SENSE OF THE TYPES
OF MEASURES THAT ARE OFTEN
PURSUIT IN THESE PROJECTS.
AND THEY MUST PRODUCE AGAIN
MEASURABLE ENERGY WATER OR
DEMAND, BUT WE SEE A LOT OF
THINGS, SMALL SCALE PROJECTS CAN
BE THINGS LIKE LIGHTING, RETRO
COMMISSIONING, TO LARGE SCALE
PROJECTS SUCH AS RENEWABLE
ENERGY SYSTEMS, MICRO GRIDS,
BUILDING ENVELOPES, A LOT OF
OPPORTUNITIES TO BE EXPLORED AND
COMBINED.
A KEY THING TO NOTE, YOU'RE
LOOKING AT BUILDING A PACKAGE OF
ECMs, SO YOU COMBINE SOME THAT
MAY HAVE LONGER TERM PAYBACK
WITH SHORTER TERM PAYBACK TO
HAVE A PACKAGE THAT PAYS WITHIN
THE CONTRACT TIMELINE THAT
YOU'RE PLANNING TOWARDS, WHETHER
THAT THE 20 YEARS OR 25 YEARS.
SO WITH THAT, PHIL, I WILL HAND
IT OVER AND LET YOU CONTINUE ON.
>> ALL RIGHT.
SOUNDS GOOD.
THANKS, JEFF.
WE CAN GO INTO THE NEXT SLIDE.
YEAH, SO WITH THE ECMs AND ECM
PACKAGES THAT JEFF TALKED ABOUT,
AND THE PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
CONCEPT OF PAYMENT FROM SAVINGS
WHERE CAN WE GET THESE SAVINGS
TO PAY OFF THE CONTRACTS AND
SOME OF THIS IS A BIT OBVIOUS
WITH THE ENERGY AND WATER COST
SAVINGS.
SO IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF
EQUIPMENT, ONE SLIDE BACK STILL.
SORRY.
AND THEN REDUCING EQUIPMENT
USAGE OR REDUCING DEMAND OR
BUILDING LOADS, SHIFTING LOADS
OR SHIFTING TO LOWER COST FUELS,
CERTAINLY TO ON-SITE GENERATION
LIKE RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
AND NOT OVERLOOKING WATER AND
WASTEWATER EFFICIENCY, AND THERE
CAN BE STRATEGIES AS JEFF JUST
MENTIONED LIKE RECOMMISSIONS,
FOR EXAMPLE, OR ONGOING
COMMISSIONING THAT CAN GENERATE
ADDITIONAL COST SAVINGS.
THE ENERGY AND WATER RELATED
COST SAVINGS IS GENERALLY
ATTRIBUTED TO REDUCTION IN O&M
COSTS, SO IF YOU HAVE A THIRD
PARTY O&M PROVIDER AND YOU'RE
ABLE TO REDUCE THAT CONTRACT, OR
REDUCE THE MATERIALS THAT ARE
NEEDED FOR A LABOR INTENSIVE OR
MAINTENANCE INTENSIVE OLD BOILER
SYSTEM OR CHILLER SYSTEM, THAT
EXISTED AS A LOT OF FEDERAL
FACILITIES, THEN YOU GET THAT
ENERGY AND WATER RELATED COST
SAVINGS.
AVOIDED COST IS WHEN YOU CAN
AVOID THROUGH REPLACEMENT WITH
ONE OF THESE CONTRACTS.
FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE PLANNING
TO OR HAVE A DESPERATE NEED TO
REPLACE YOUR CHILLER PLANT
WITHIN THE NEXT YEAR OR TWO, YOU
CAN GET MONEY TO DO THAT, YOU
CAN INCLUDE THAT IN THE UESC OR
ESPC AND APPLY THOSE FUNDS TO
THE PROJECT TO HELP MAKE THAT
OVERALL WORK FINANCIALLY OR
REDUCE THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT.
JEFF, NEXT SLIDE.
WHEN IT COMES TO OTHER FUNDING,
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS, THIS IS
ALLOWABLE BY STATUTE, TO COMBINE
APPROPRIATIONS IN FINANCING
ENCOURAGED THROUGH EXECUTIVE
ORDERS, COMBINED WITH FINANCES,
HELPS SHORTEN THE TERM OF THE
CONTRACT AND HELPS FUND ECMs
THAT HAVE LONG PAYBACK TERMS AS
WELL AND MAKES SURE THEY ARE
INCLUDED PARTICULARLY WHEN THEY
ARE CRITICAL EQUIPMENT TO YOUR
FACILITY.
SOME OF THE CAPITAL
CONTRIBUTIONS THAT COULD BE
INCLUDED AGENCY APPROPRIATIONS,
THERE'S GRANT PROGRAMS LIKE THE
FEMP AFFECT OR STATE GRANTS,
THERE'S ERCIP, REBATES THROUGH
THE UTILITY BUT THERE CAN BE
OTHERS AS WELL.
AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS,
SWAPS, SALES, SALES GENERALLY
THROUGH SWAPS.
NEXT SLIDE.
THIS STARTS WITH PHASE 1
INTERNALLY WITH ACQUISITION
PLANNING WHERE YOU'RE
DETERMINING WHAT YOUR INITIAL
SCOPE IS GOING TO BE OR WHAT YOU
NEED TO ACCOMPLISH WITH THAT
PROJECT.
PHASE 2 YOU NOTIFY EITHER
ESCOs OR UTILITIES THAT YOU
ARE INTERESTED IN A PROJECT AND
THE OVERALL IDEA BEHIND THE
OPPORTUNITYING SELECT THE
CONTRACTOR, MAKE A GO/NO GO
DECISION, IF THE SCOPE MEETS
YOUR NEEDS AND IS FINANCEABLE
YOU MIGHT GO INTO PHASE 3 WHICH
IS THE INVESTMENT GRADE AUDIT
THAT LEADS TO PROPOSAL AND TASK
ORDER AWARD.
IN PHASE 4, THE ECMs AND
PROJECT UNDERGOES FINAL DESIGN
AND IMPLEMENT COMMISSIONED.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND HERE THE IDEA BEHIND PROJECT
SUCCESS IS SUSTAINING THAT
LONG-TERM SAVINGS AND SUSTAINING
THE LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF THE
ECMs INSTALLED HERE.
AND THAT GENERALLY GETS DONE
THROUGH STRONG PERFORMANCE
ASSURANCE PLANS OR MEASUREMENT
AND VERIFICATION PLANS, AND THE
APPLICATION OF THOSE THROUGHOUT
THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT,
RECOMMISSIONING OR ONGOING
COMMISSIONING ARE OTHER
APPROACHES THAT HELP THIS AS
WELL.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, I
CAN'T EMPHASIZE STRONGLY ENOUGH
HOW IMPORTANT OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE IS.
THIS IS NOT AN INSTALL THE
PROJECT AND THEN FORGET ABOUT IT
TYPE OF APPROACH.
ONGOING SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE
COMES WITH PROPER OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE, AND REPORTING AND
DOCUMENTS RESULTS, IT'S AN
ONGOING PROCESS WHERE THE
AGENCY, ESCO AND UTILITY NEED TO
STAY ENGAGED THROUGHOUT THE
PERFORMANCE PERIOD.
NEXT SLIDE.
AND HOW THIS RELATES TO
DECARBONIZATION, WHEN IT COMES
TO -- THERE'S NOT A
ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL APPROACH,
THERE ARE NOT A LIST OF ECMs
THAT WILL NECESSARILY APPLY TO
EACH SITE TO HELP YOU
DECARBONIZE.
IT REALLY DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU'RE
DOING AT YOUR SITE CURRENTLY,
YOUR MISSION AND YOUR ENERGY
USE, ENERGY USING EQUIPMENT, AND
YOUR CURRENT UTILITIES
GENERATION MIX.
IT WILL START WITH ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND DEEP ENERGY
EFFICIENCY, AND THEN REDUCING
THE LOADS AT THE SITE.
AND THEN JUST KEEPING IN MIND
WHEN YOU ARE REPLACING
EQUIPMENT, TRY TO AVOID
UPGRADING, LET'S SAY A NATURAL
GAS BOILER LOCKING IN FOSSIL
FUEL USE TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE.
STEP TWO ELECTRIFICATION.
STEP THREE, LOOKING FOR ON-SITE
CARBON-FREE ENERGY GENERATION
AND STORAGE OPPORTUNITIES LIKE
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
STEPS 2 AND 3 MIGHT GO HAND IN
HAND, NOT CHRONOLOGICAL, IT
DEPENDS ON THE SITUATION AT YOUR
SITE AND OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE
THERE AND THE CURRENT ENERGY
RATES YOU'RE PAYING.
A COUPLE PROCUREMENT OPTIONS,
THESE ARE TYPES OF PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTS AS WELL, THE LINKS
HERE, PURCHASE AGREEMENT AND
ENERGY SALES AGREEMENT ARE LIVE
AND TAKE YOU TO MORE
INFORMATION.
BUT THEY ARE SIMILAR IN THAT
WITH THE PPA, A DEVELOPER WILL
INSTALL, OWN, OPERATE AND
MAINTAIN THAT PROJECT THROUGHOUT
THE CONTRACT TERM AND THE AGENCY
WILL PURCHASE THE ELECTRICITY.
CIVILIAN AGENCIES MAY NOT HAVE
AS MANY LONG-TERM CONTRACT
OPTIONS AS DoD AGENCIES HAVE,
YOU MAY BE LIMITED TO TEN YEARS
ON YOUR CONTRACT TERM HERE.
IT IS A STANDALONE PROJECT,
WHERE ESPC ENERGY SALES
AGREEMENTS THAT'S A SIMILAR
APPROACH BUT THIS IS INSTALLED
UNDER AN ESPC PROJECT USING
LONGER-TERM AUTHORITY STILL
PRIVATELY OWNED, AND BEING
PRIVATELY OWNED, THE ESCO CAN
CAPTURE TAX INCENTIVES TO REDUCE
THE PRICE, THE AGENCY PURCHASES
THAT ELECTRICITY PRODUCED AT
LOWER RATE THAN WHAT CURRENT
UTILITY RATE IS, THERE IS HOW
YOU GET GUARANTEED SAVINGS, CAN
BE BUNDLED WITH OTHER SAVINGS AS
WELL.
NEXT SLIDE.
GENERALLY SUMMING UP PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTING AS APPLIED TO
DECARBONIZATION DOES PROVIDE A
LOT OF TECHNICAL TOOLS.
THE EFFICIENCY AUDITS AND ECMs
AND REALLY WHAT WE LIKE TO SAY
WHEN YOU'RE -- YOU'RE NOT
ISSUING AN RFP FOR CHILLER PLANT
REPLACEMENT LIKE YOU MIGHT BE
USED TO IN THE PAST.
WHAT YOU'RE REALLY DOING IS
SOLICITING EXPERTISE FROM THE
UTILITY COMPANY OR TEAM THEY PUT
TOGETHER TO SERVICE ACADEMY TO
HELP YOU DEVELOP SOLUTIONS,
WHETHER LOAD REDUCTION, DEEP
ENERGY RETROFITS,
ELECTRIFICATION AND HOW THAT
MIGHT APPLY OR LOAD SHIFTING AND
DEMAND RESPONSE OR ENERGY
OPPORTUNITIES, COMES WITH M AND
V ASLEURNS TO MAINTAIN SAVINGS
OVER THE LONG TERM.
AGAIN YOU HAVE ABILITY TO BUNDLE
ECMs, SO LONGER-TERM PAYBACK
ECMs CAN SHORTER PAYBACK TERMS
TO MAKE A COST EFFECTIVE PROJECT
AND COMBINE CAPITAL
CONTRIBUTIONS, NOT A PANACEA OR
SINGLE ANSWER BUT A TOOL THAT
YOU HAVE IN THE TOOLBOX TO HELP
YOU GET DOWN THE PATH AND REDUCE
CARBON EMISSIONS.
THIS IS ONE EXAMPLE WE WON'T GO
THROUGH IN DETAIL.
THIS WAS A BUNDLE OF A RANGE OF
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES AS
YOU CAN SEE FROM THE LAST BULLET
UNDER QUICK FACTS, IT IS
ACHIEVING OVER 3,000 METRIC TONS
PER YEAR OF GREENHOUSE GAS
REDUCTION, VERY EFFECTIVE IN
ENERGY SAVINGS AND COST SAVINGS
BUT GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION AS
WELL.
AND SO LOTS OF RESOURCES ON THE
FEMP WEBSITE.
THERE'S THE UESC UTILITY PROGRAM
WEB PAGE, ESPC WEB PAGE HERE
THAT HAS A LOT OF CASE STUDIES
ON-DEMAND WEBINARS, SCREENING
TOOLS AND VARIOUS GUIDANCE.
THERE'S A LOT OF FEMP GUIDANCE
TOOLS ON THESE PAGES.
I ENCOURAGE YOU TO HAVE A LOOK
AND CERTAINLY CONTACT FEMP.
ON THE NEXT SLIDE WE CAN SEE HOW
TO DO THAT.
THERE ARE FEDERAL PROJECT
EXECUTIVES WHICH I'LL TALK ABOUT
IN A MOMENT.
A VARIETY OF TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE, FEMP HAS ACCESS TO
ALL OF THEIR DOE NATIONAL LABS
FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, WE PUT
TOGETHER TAILORED TRAINING FOR
SPECIFIC AGENCIES AND THERE'S A
WIDE VARIETY OF TRAINING THAT IS
OUT THERE ON THE FEMP WEBSITE SO
YOU CAN HAVE A LOOK AT THAT AS
WELL.
THE REQUEST PORTAL HAS BEEN
UPDATED.
THERE'S A DROPDOWN MENU.
THIS IS THE NEW LOOK OF THE
PORTAL.
THERE'S A DROPDOWN MENU THAT
GIVES YOU VARIOUS TOPIC AREAS
THAT YOU CAN SELECT ON, AND YOUR
QUESTION WILL GET TO THE RIGHT
PERSON WHO WILL GET BACK TO YOU
NORMALLY WITHIN A FEW DAYS.
NEXT SLIDE.
FINALLY, GETTING STARTED HERE,
TAKING THE FIRST STEP, THERE ARE
FEDERAL PROJECT EXECUTIVES, YOU
CAN SEE HERE THEIR CONTACT
INFORMATION, EVEN THEIR PHOTOS.
BASED ON WHAT REGION YOUR AGENCY
IS CURRENTLY LOCATED IN, YOU CAN
REACH OUT TO ANY OF THESE GUYS,
AND THEY CAN HELP YOU GET
STARTED WITH A PERFORMANCE
CONTRACT OR JUST ANSWER YOUR
QUESTIONS ABOUT GENERAL FEMP
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OR POINT
YOU IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION,
WHERE TO GET SOME OF THOSE
QUESTIONS ANSWERED.
WITH THAT I THINK THAT BRINGS US
TO THE Q&A STEP.
AM I RIGHT, JEFF?
>> YEAH.
>> IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS,
WE'VE GOT FIVE OR SIX MINUTES
LEFT HERE.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THERE IS QUESTIONS.
THERE'S A QUESTION IN THE CHAT
BOX.
WOULD YOU LIKE ME TO READ IT OR
DO YOU WANT TO HANDLE THAT?
EITHER WAY.
>> YEAH, I SEE THAT.
I'LL JUST READ THAT.
THIS IS A QUESTION FROM THE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, AND THE
PERSON HAS ASKED SEVERAL TIMES
ABOUT USING AN ESPC, BUT NO ONE
IN PARK SERVICE HEADQUARTERS
WANTS TO DO THE FINANCING PART,
IS THIS NORMAL?
I GUESS, YOU KNOW, THAT'S -- I
WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO REACH OUT
TO US THROUGH THE FEMP PORTAL TO
SET UP A CHAT ONE ON ONE ABOUT
THAT.
THERE'S VARIOUS WAYS TO ANSWER
THAT QUESTION.
SOMETIMES AGENCIES ARE NERVOUS
ABOUT FINANCING OR FINANCE
PROJECTS BECAUSE OF EXPERIENCES
THAT THEY HAVE HAD IN THE PAST.
AND IN OTHER CASES IT COULD BE
JUST UNFAMILIARITY, SO WE COULD
CHAT WITH YOU A LITTLE MORE ONE
ON ONE ABOUT YOUR SPECIFIC
SITUATION IF THAT'S HELPFUL.
>> ANOTHER ONE THAT I SEE THAT
POPPED IN, HOW CAN YOU ENSURE
THAT ECM SAVINGS ARE REAL,
VERIFIABLE, ENFORCEABLE?
>> AND THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.
AND WITH BOTH UESC AND ESPC
THERE'S A COUPLE THINGS.
ONE IS OPEN COMMUNICATION WITH
THE CONTRACTOR, THROUGHOUT THE
ENTIRE PROCESS IS IMPORTANT.
THEY ARE LOOKING TO YOU FOR YOUR
NEEDS, WHAT YOUR HEADACHES ARE,
AND HOW YOUR EQUIPMENT ACTUALLY
OPERATES.
THEY CAN ANALYZE RATES, PUT
METERS ON BUT NEED TO KNOW HOW
IT OPERATES AT YOUR FACILITY AND
THEN KNOWING THOSE SAVINGS ARE
REAL AND VERIFIABLE ALL COMES
DOWN TO THE RIGOR IN THE
PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE PLAN OR
THE M AND V PLAN, HAVING
KNOWLEDGE PEOPLE ON THE SITE
REVIEWING AND MAKING SURE THAT
THE DATA MAKE SENSE AND
WITNESSING AND UNDERSTANDING
MEASUREMENTS.
THROUGHOUT THIS PROCESS, THERE
ARE PROJECT FACILITATORS
AVAILABLE REACHING OUT TO FPES
TO GET A FACILITATOR ON BOARD
WHO IS EXPERIENCED CAN REALLY BE
A VALUABLE SECOND SET OF EYES AT
A MINIMUM, BUT AT A MAXIMUM
ALMOST LIKE YOU'RE
REPRESENTATIVE FOR YOUR FACILITY
TO HELP MAKE SURE YOU'RE GETTING
THE BEST ANSWERS THERE.
I LIKE THE QUESTION, THINKING
ABOUT BALANCING TRADEOFFS
BETWEEN DECARBONIZATION AND
RESILIENCY FOR ESPC AND UESC
SOLUTIONS.
AND I WOULD SAY IT COMES DOWN TO
COST.
FOR CERTAIN AGENCIES, USING
RESILIENCE EXAMPLE, WHERE
RESILIENCE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
THING TO THEM, BECAUSE OF
LOCALIZED THREATS OR CONCERNS,
THEY HAVE PROVIDED CAPITAL
CONTRIBUTIONS AND MADE SURE
THERE'S ADDITIONAL DOLLARS
FLOWING IN, THE SAME FOR
DECARBONIZATION AS WELL, SO
WHILE YOU MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO
USE A PERFORMANCE CONTRACT TO
COMPLETELY ELECTRIFY YOUR
FACILITY, THERE MIGHT BE HYBRID
ANSWERS LIKE HEAT RECOVERY
CHILLERS OR CAPTURING WASTE HEAT
RATHER THAN INSTALLING ELECTRIC
BOILERS BECAUSE THERE WILL BE
COST IMPLICATIONS FOR SURE.
SO-- IT'S REALLY A CASE-BY-CASE
BASIS THERE UNFORTUNATELY, YEAH.
>> I DON'T KNOW IF YOU WANT TO
ADDRESS THAT LAST QUESTION TOO.
>> OH, YEAH, THE QUESTION ABOUT
ENERGY SALES AGREEMENTS ARE
QUITE RARE, WHY DO YOU THINK
THAT IS?
I THINK IT'S FOR TWO REASONS.
ONE, WE HAVE LOOKED AT ENERGY
SALES AGREEMENTS RECENTLY AT
SEVERAL FACILITIES, THAT HAVE
VERY, VERY LOW ELECTRIC RATES,
AND JUST AN EXAMPLE, A RECENT
EXAMPLE OFF THE TOP OF MY HEAD,
SLIGHTLY OVER FOUR CENT
ELECTRICITY, BECAUSE THE COST
SAVINGS, THE GUARANTEED SAVINGS
FOR THOSE ESAs NEED TO COME IN
AT LOWER THAN YOUR CURRENT
UTILITY RATE, IT'S VERY HARD TO
FINANCE A PV SYSTEM, FOR
EXAMPLE, OR PV AND BATTERY
SYSTEM FOR LESS THAN FOUR CENT
KILOWATT HOUR.
LOW RATES AT FEDERAL FACILITIES
TO POTENTIALLY WE HAVEN'T DONE A
GOOD JOB OF GETTING THE WORD OUT
THERE OR ANALYZING THE
OPPORTUNITIES, BUT CERTAINLY FOR
AREAS THAT HAVE HIGHER UTILITY
RATES, EVEN HIGHER DEMAND RATES,
BATTERIES ARE SOMETHING THAT CAN
BE INSTALLED UNDER AN ENERGY
SALES AGREEMENT SO THAT'S
SOMETHING WE WOULD BE HAPPY TO
TALK MORE ABOUT AS WELL IF YOU
HAVE GOT A PARTICULAR
OPPORTUNITY YOU'RE LOOKING AT.
>> OKAY.
GREAT.
WELL, THANK YOU SO MUCH, PHIL
AND JEFF.
OF COURSE WE ALL KNOW
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IS --
CAN BE A HUGE BENEFIT TO ALL OF
US TO GETTING -- TO REACHING OUR
GOALS HERE.
NICKS WE HAVE NICHOLE HANUS AT
THE DOE LAWRENCE BERKELEY
NATIONAL LABORATORY AND A
CO-LEAD OF THE CENTER OF
EXPERTISE FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND DATA CENTERS.
WE ALSO HAVE ALEX NEWKIRK,
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY AND URBAN SYSTEMS
DIVISION, DOE LAWRENCE BERKELEY
NATIONAL LAB.
>> CAN YOU SEE MY SCREEN?
>> YES.
>> THANK YOU FOR PRONOUNCING
NIGH LAST NAME CORRECTLY.
NOT MANY -- WELL, NO ONE DOES.
WE'RE TWO RESEARCHERS IN THE
CENTER, I'M NICHOLE HANUS,
CO-PRESENTER IS ALEX NEWKIRK
HELPING ME ANSWER QUESTIONS,
I'LL LEAD MOST OF THE SLIDE
PRESENTATION.
WE'LL DISCUSS THE NON-TECHNICAL
NON-ECONOMIC REASONS DATA
CENTERS MAY STRUGGLE TO ADOPT
DECARBONIZATION TECHNOLOGIES,
AND I THINK AS I'VE SEEN IN
PREVIOUS PRESENTATIONS, ENERGY
EFFICIENCY IS KIND OF OUR MAIN
FOCUS IN OUR CENTER, BUT
DECREASING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
IS GOING TO MITIGATE CARBON
EMISSIONS SO WE'LL THINK ABOUT
THESE INTERCHANGEABLY THROUGHOUT
THE PRESENTATION.
I'M TALKING ABOUT
NON-ENGINEERING, NON-ECONOMIC
SOLUTIONS TO MITIGATING ENERGY
EFFICIENCY ADOPTION, I TALKING
ABOUT WHAT BEHAVIORAL ECONOMISTS
REFER TO AS RISK AVERSION AND
INCONSISTENT TIME COUNTING.
MOREOVER, ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGISTS
POSIT THAT ALL ECONOMIC ACTION
IS EMBEDDED IN SOCIAL RELATIONS,
SO THEY FIND THAT CONSUMERS
SOMETIMES WILL ANCHOR
PREFERENCES AND TAKE CUES FROM
PEERS, WHICH IS PROBABLY NOT
SURPRISING FOR MOST OF US ON
THIS CALL.
AND FROM SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY WE
LEARN SOCIAL IDENTITY MATTERS,
SO POLITICAL IDOLLOLOGY CAN
DISCOUNT CLIMATE CHANGE,
ADAPTING BEHAVIORS IN LINE WITH
THE THINKING.
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS ARE
IMPORTANT.
AND MONEY TALKS.
OTHER FACTORS ARE ALSO
IMPORTANT.
OKAY.
IN GENERAL DECISION MAKING IS
STUDIED EITHER AT THE INDIVIDUAL
OR GROUP LEVELS, SO WE THINK OF
ORGANIZATIONS HERE, TO
UNDERSTAND HOW INDIVIDUAL ACTORS
MIGHT BE MOTIVATED TO ADOPT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY WE CAN TURN TO
PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS OF DECISION
MAKING, SO THINGS LIKE THE
THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR, TPB,
BELIEFS SUCH AS SELF-EFFICACY,
SUBJECTIVE NORMS, DETERMINE
INTENTION TO ACCOUNT -- TO ACT,
ONCE YOU FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING
ATTITUDES, ALTERNATIVELY SOME
POLICIES AIM TO CLOSE THE VALUE
ACTION GAP BY DISSEMINATING MORE
INFORMATION ON THESE
DECISION-MAKING AUDIENCES.
HOWEVER, WE KNOW THAT
INFORMATION CAN BE FRAMED FOR
CERTAIN AUDIENCES AND THAT CAN
INFLUENCE HOW IT IS PROCESSED.
SO THIS IS STUDIED IN THE THEORY
OF MOTIVATING REASONING.
IN THESE FRAMEWORKS THE AUDIENCE
IS REALLY JUST INDIVIDUAL ACTORS
AND MECHANISMS WITHIN EACH
THEORY ARE REALLY COMPLICATED
WHEN THE AUDIENCE IS COMPRISED
OF TWO OR MORE ACTORS WORKING
TOGETHER.
SO, BRING IN THEORIES AROUND
ORGANIZATIONS, AND
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR.
MODELS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
INVESTMENTS TEND TO FALL INTO
TWO CATEGORIES AS WELL, THESE
ARE CAPITAL INVESTMENT THEORY
MODELS AND ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE THEORIES.
FOCUS ON CAPITAL INVESTMENT
THEORY IS BUDGETING TOOLS THAT
WE'RE ALL FAMILIAR WITH, SO
RETURN ON INVESTMENT, SIMPLE
PAYBACK, YOU ABOUT FAILS TO
ADDRESS STRATEGIC NATURE OF
ENERGY INVESTMENTS OFTEN
COMPRISED OF SEVERAL STEPS AND
THEY DON'T EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES
IN BEHAVIOR BETWEEN SIMILAR
FIRMS THAT MIGHT BE OPERATING
BUT BEHAVING DIFFERENTLY IN
TERMS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY.
RESEARCHERS IN THE
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR THEORY
TRY TO ADDRESS GAPS BY
CONSIDERING FACTORS THAT PLAY
INTO INVESTMENT DECISIONS, THAT
EXIST WITHIN THESE ORGANIZATIONS
SUCH AS POWER OF RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN C-SUITE OWNERS AND STAFF
AND CULTURE OF ENERGY
PHYSICIANER -- EFFICIENCY.
DRAWING ON THIS LIT LITERATURE,
THE CENTER IS PURSUING A
TWO-PHASED PROGRAM, AND WE'RE
AIMING TO IDENTIFY KEY
ORGANIZATIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL
BARRIERS, ENERGY SUFFICIENCY
INVESTMENTS AND DATA CENTERS.
TODAY I'LL PRESENT ON PHASE 1,
WE VIEWED 87 DOCUMENTS IN THE
REVIEW SPANNING FROM ACADEMIC
PUBLICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS, TO TRACK DOWN
WHAT ARE THE MAIN COMPONENTS TO
DECISION MAKING AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY.
AND WHICH OF THESE COMPONENTS
ARE UNDERSTUDIED IN EXISTING
LITERATURE.
SO, WE USE THIS DIAGRAM OF
ENERGY EFFICIENCY DECISION
MAKING ADOPTED FROM MY PREVIOUS
RESEARCH IN COMMERCIAL BUILDING
SPECIFICALLY.
THIS WAS RESEARCH I DID IN GRAD
SCHOOL, NOT FOCUSING ON DATA
CENTERS, JUST COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS.
IN THIS LIT REVIEW WE ORGANIZED
INTO FIVE COMPONENTS OF THE
DECISION, LOOK AT EXTERNAL
CONTEXT, ECONOMICS, TECHNOLOGY
AVAILABLE, BEHAVIORAL DECISION
SCIENCES, OR PSYCHOLOGY, AND,
AGAIN, ORGANIZATION.
TODAY WE'LL FOCUS THE DISCUSSION
ON PRELIMINARY FINDINGS RELATED
TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY
SUFFICIENCY, AND I'LL NOTE THESE
TWO CATEGORIES APPEAR TO BE
MINIMALLY EXPLORED IN THE
LITERATURE, AND SO NOT ONLY ARE
WE GOING TO COVER THIS IN THE
RESEARCH PRESENTATION, ALSO
AIMING TO FOCUS ON PHASE 2
FOLLOW-UP INTERVIEW STUDY.
THIS PRESENTS A HIGH LEVEL
DECISION.
HERE ORGANIZATION REFERS TO
INFLUENCES RELATED TO
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND DATA
CENTER TYPE.
SO CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY HAVING A
DEDICATED SUSTAINABILITY TEAM
AND TRAINING YOUR DATA CENTER
OPERATORS ARE ALL PART OF YOUR
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR OR
SETUP.
AND IN THIS RESEARCH RECALLING
PSYCHOLOGY BASICALLY THESE ARE
THE INFLUENCES FROM DECISION
MAKERS' OWN SET OF DECISION
MAKERS AND HUERISTICS, PERCEIVED
RISK AND UNCERTAINTY AROUND A
NEW TECHNOLOGY, AND MAYBE HOW
THEY DISCOUNT TIME IN THEIR OWN
ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS.
SO IN OUR RESEARCH WE TAGGED
EACH OF THE 87 DOCUMENTS WITH
EXTERNAL CONTEXT, ECONOMICS,
TECHNOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY,
ORGANIZATION, FIVE COMPONENTS WE
DISPLAYED IN THE PREVIOUS
GRAPHIC.
A SINGLE RESOURCE COULD HAVE
MULTIPLE TAGS, THIS DEMONSTRATES
THE TOTAL COUNT OF TAGS OR
COMBINATIONS FOR EACH OF THE
RESOURCES IN OUR LIBRARY.
SO YOU CAN SEE THAT TECHNOLOGY
WAS COVERED HEAVILY IN OUR
LITERATURE REVIEW.
BASICALLY MORE THAN TWO TIMES
THE TAG PSYCHOLOGY AND
ORGANIZATION, JOINT TAG.
FURTHERMORE WE FIND THAT
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY RELATED TO
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND/OR DATA
CENTERS WAS ONLY COVERED A
COUPLE TIMES.
THEREFORE WE'RE GOING TO FOCUS
ON ORGANIZATIONAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVERS.
WE'LL ALSO FOCUS ON EXPANDING
OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THESE
COMPONENTS IN PHASE 2.
SO LITERATURE REVIEW EXPANDED
BEYOND DATA CENTERS INTO SIMILAR
FIELDS.
SO THESE ORGANIZATIONAL DRIVERS
AND BARRIERS CAN BE INTERPRETED
WITH A BROADER CONTEXT ON THE
SLIDE.
ORGANIZATIONAL DRIVERS INCLUDE
USING SYSTEMS DESIGN APPROACH TO
DATA CENTER FACILITY MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATIONS.
IT INCLUDES ALIGNING VALUES AT
THE C-SUITE LEVEL WITH
OPERATORS.
FINALLY ORGANIZATIONAL DRIVERS
COULD BE SETTING AND MEETING
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
GOALS, DEMONSTRATING EXCELLENCE
OF THE FIRM.
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS INCLUDE
LACKING A CHAMPION OR HAVING
THAT CHAMPION MOVE ON OR RETIRE
FROM THE ORGANIZATION, AND
EMPHASIZING CAN IMPEDE, SILOING
DECISION MAKING AND
PRIORITIZATION OF DIFFERENT
GOALS AND OVERALL LOW LEVEL OF
SKILLED AND INTERDISCIPLINARY
WORK FORCE CAN FIELD INEFFICIENT
DATA CENTER OPERATION.
THIS QUOTE ABOUT HOW DATA CENTER
OPERATORS AND OWNERS EMPHASIZES
HOW UPTIME IS IMPORTANT TO MEET
BOTTOM LINES.
THE EXTREME IMPORTANCE PLACED ON
UPTIME, RELIABILITY, EQUIPMENT
REDUNDANCY RESULTS IN DATA
CENTER STAFF BEING AVERSE TO
IMPLEMENTING NEW TECHNOLOGIES OR
UPGRADES TO THEIR FACILITIES.
AS ONE INTERVIEW PARTICIPANT
DESCRIBED, NO I.T. PEOPLE GET
FIRED FOR NOT SAVING MONEY, BUT
THEY CAN GET FIRED IF THEIR
SYSTEMS GO DOWN.
SO, I'M GOING TO NOTE I WILL BE
SHARING MY SLIDES, SO THERE'S A
BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH THE REFERENCES
AT THE END OF THE DECK.
HOWEVER, LIKE I SAID, WE'RE
WORKING ON THIS LIT REVIEW AND
PUBLISHING IT, HOPEFULLY IN THE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY JOURNAL.
SO NEXT I WILL DISCUSS SOME
BEHAVIORAL DRIVERS AND BARRIERS
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVERS AND
BARRIERS THAT WE'RE FINDING IN
THE LITERATURE.
AS I MENTIONED AT THE BEGINNING
OF THE TALK, IDEOLOGIES CAN PLAY
A MAJOR ROLE, AS CAN SOCIAL
PRESSURE.
INCREASING INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY
TO UNDERSTAND AND IMPLEMENT
TECHNOLOGIES, ON THE FLIP SIDE
BEHAVIORAL BARRIERS COULD BE
LOW, MAYBE THEY AREN'T THINKING
OR KNOW ABOUT IT.
AS WELL AS TECHNICAL RISK
AVERSION WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL
COULD OVERWEIGHT A POTENTIAL
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCE OF
IMPLEMENTING A NEW TECHNOLOGY.
ADDITIONALLY LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
AND BOUNDED RATIONALITY REFER TO
INDIVIDUAL'S INABILITY TO
COMPREHEND THE COST OF FAILURE.
THUS COMPROMISING VALIDITY OF
THEIR OWN BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS
IF THEY WERE TO PERFORM ONE.
FINALLY TIME DISCOUNTING,
TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING MAKES THIS
REWARD IN THE FUTURE LOWER THAN
REAL VALUE.
PEOPLE PREFER GETTING IMMEDIATE
REWARD RATHER THAN LARGER ONE IN
THE FUTURE.
SO THESE QUOTES RELY -- SORRY,
RELAY ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUAL
SALIENTS, THIS IS WORK PRESENTED
BY KLEMICK, ET AL.
HERE ARE THREE QUOTES ABOUT KIND
OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY BEING TOP
OF MIND FOR INDIVIDUALS.
AN IMPORTANT STREAM OF
INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS NEW
AND UPCOMING IN THE INDUSTRY
TECHNOLOGY COMES FROM OUR VENDOR
PARTNERS AND OEMs.
I HAVE A BOOK CASE OF MAGAZINES
I DON'T HAVE TIME TO READ.
WHILE INFORMATION IS RELIABLE,
DATA ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE AND
ENERGY USE OF I.T. EQUIPMENT IS
KIND OF WORTHLESS SINCE DATA
CENTERS ARE INDIVIDUALIZED
FACILITIES.
IN SUMMARY TRUSTED INFORMATION
SOURCES ARE IMPORTANT FOR
BUILDING SALIENCE, ONE OF THE
THINGS YOU SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER
IS THE TIME AVAILABILITY OF
THESE INDIVIDUALS TO INCREASE
AWARENESS AND LEARN ABOUT
TECHNOLOGIES, AND FINALLY IT'S
NOT JUST ABOUT THE MESSENGER BUT
ABOUT THE MESSAGE AND WHETHER OR
NOT I.T. STAFF WILL BELIEVE THAT
THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY WILL
ACTUALLY WORK IN THEIR UNIQUE
FACILITY.
SO NEXT I'M GOING TO PIVOT TO
SOME PRELIMINARY SOLUTIONS THAT
WE'RE SUGGESTING IN RELATION TO
THESE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS.
SO THESE ARE GENERAL SOLUTIONS
FOR OVERCOMING ORGANIZATIONAL
BARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY
INVESTMENTS, COULD BE REASSESSED
WITH A SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY IN
MIND.
ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD AIM TO
SOCIALIZE ACROSS ACTORS
INVOLVED.
I.T., MAINTENANCE, C-SUITE
EXECS, EVERYONE THAT FUNDS THE
INVESTMENTS OR IMPLEMENTS.
CHANGE AGENTS AND ENERGY
SUFFICIENCY CHAMPIONS SHOULD
LEAD THE CHARGE AND ESTABLISH
PRIORITIES AND GOALS.
AGAIN, THIS IS SETTING THE
CULTURE AND TONE IN THE
ORGANIZATION.
AND ULTIMATELY ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SHOULD BE CHAMPIONED AT THE TOP
AND THEN I.T. AND MAINTENANCE
STAFF SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO
EDUCATE THEMSELVES ON BEST
PRACTICES AND CUTTING EDGE
TECHNOLOGIES.
PSYCHOLOGICAL OR BEHAVIORAL
SOLUTIONS ARE GOING TO TARGET
OVERCOMING BARRIERS AT THE
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL.
SO HERE WE ILLUSTRATE A FEW
STEPS TO TAKE IN ATTEMPTING TO
EDUCATE C C-SUITE MEMBERS AND
STAFF.
SO THIS INCLUDES HOSTING
IN-HOUSE DEMONSTRATIONS FROM
DIFFERENT VENDORS AND OEMs,
HOW BULK PROCUREMENT PROCESS
COULD MITIGATE TIME DISCOUNTING
ISSUES WITH OVERCOMING CAP X
EXPENDITURES.
LITERATURE DOES PROVIDE SOME
SOLUTIONS TO THESE BARRIERS WE
BELIEVE THERE'S STILL A LOT TO
LEARN ABOUT HOW TO OVERCOME
THEM.
AND PERHAPS IDENTIFYING NEW
BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATIONAL
BARRIERS THAT AREN'T CURRENTLY
WRITTEN UP IN THE LITERATURE.
WE BELIEVE THESE SOLUTIONS ARE
CONDITIONAL ON THE PROPOSED NEW
TECHNOLOGY, SO ARE WE TALKING
ABOUT ONE-TO-ONE RETROFITS, OR
REBUILDING ENTIRE DATA CENTERS,
BASICALLY WE'RE THINKING THE
BARRIERS AND MOTIVATIONS ARE
GOING TO CHANGE BASED ON THE
RISK AND UNCERTAINTY AROUND THE
NEW TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS.
SO CENTER OF EXPERTISE PLANS TO
ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS IN THE
SECOND PHASE OF RESEARCH,
INTERVIEW STUDY, PLANNING TO
TALK WITH DATA CENTER OWNERS AND
OPERATORS AS WELL AS WHAT WE'RE
CALLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
EXPERTS, FROM ACADEMICS TO OTHER
HAVEN'TORS -- INVENTORS OR
DEVELOPERS.
THE INTERVIEW PROTOCOLS WILL BE
BASED ON OUR THEORY OF HIERARCHY
OF INFLUENCES AND DECISION
MAKING IN DATA CENTERS WHICH IS
BASED ON OUR FINDINGS FROM
LITERATURE.
SO THIS IS THE FRAMEWORK THAT
WE'VE DEVELOPED, WHEREBY INERTIA
TO CHANGE INCREASES AS YOU GO
FROM BASELINE CAPACITY OF THE
EXISTING FACILITY UP TO KIND OF
THE EXTERNAL CONTEXT AND HERE
WE'RE THINKING REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS, SURROUNDING THE
ORGANIZATION AND IN THE MIDDLE
BASICALLY WE HAVE THE IN
BETWEEN, BUSINESS MODEL,
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY,
HAVING DEDICATE THE
SUSTAINABILITY TEAM, TRAINING
YOUR DATA CENTERS OPERATORS ARE
PART OF YOUR SETUP.
AND IN THIS RESEARCH WE'RE
CALLING PSYCHOLOGY, BASICALLY
THESE ARE THE INFLUENCES FROM
THE DECISION MAKERS OWN SET OF
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND
DECISION MAKING HUERISTICS,
ATTITUDES PERCEIVED RISK AND HOW
HE THEY DISCOUNT TIME.
WE TAGGED EACH OF THE 87
DOCUMENTS, WITH EXTERNAL
CONTEXT, ECONOMICS,
TECHNOLOGIES, PSYCHOLOGY,
ORGANIZATION, FIVE COMPONENTS WE
DISPLAYED IN THE PREVIOUS
GRAPHIC.
A SINGLE RESOURCE COULD HAVE
MULTIPLE TAGS, THIS PLOT
DEMONSTRATES COMBINATIONS FOR
EACH OF THE RESOURCES.
TECHNOLOGY WAS COVERED HEAVILY
IN OUR LITERATURE REVIEW.
>> LET'S SEE IF WE GET ANY
QUESTIONS COME IN.
HAVE YOU BEGUN.
>> WE'VE PUT TOGETHER A SEMI
STRUCTURED INTERVIEW PROTOCOL
AND WE PUT TOGETHER OUR INTENDED
SAMPLE DESIGN, AND ALL OF THE
OTHER MATERIALS, WE HAVE TO HAVE
REVIEWED WHICH INCLUDE
STRUCTURES, THE WAY YOU'RE GOING
TO RECRUIT INDIVIDUALS, THE WAY
YOU'LL REACH OUT, E-MAIL, THINGS
LIKE THAT.
WE'RE PRETTY FAR ALONG IN OUR
THINKING, AND WE PLAN TO START
DOING THE INTERVIEWS THIS
SUMMER.
WE'LL START RECRUITING IN THE
NEXT COUPLE MONTHS.
>> IF SOMEONE WERE INTERESTED IN
POTENTIALLY BEING A SUBJECT, WE
HAVE A CONTACT INFO WE COULD
GIVE THEM.
>> IS THAT A QUESTION TO ME?
>> YES.
>> OH, SURE.
YEAH, I'LL PROVIDE MY CONTACT
INFORMATION.
I CAN'T REMEMBER IF THAT'S AT
THE TOP OF THE SLIDE OR NOT.
>> THE PARTICIPANTS CAN'T SEE
OUR CHAT.
YOU COULD -- LET'S SEE.
IF IT'S NOT IN YOUR
PRESENTATION, YOU COULD ADD IT
IN AND THEN WE CAN REPOST IT.
ALL OF THE PRESENTATIONS THAT
HAVE BEEN CLEARED FOR SHARING,
THEY ARE NOW POSTED ON THE FED
CENTER WEBSITE UNDER OUR 2020
FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYMPOSIUM
PROCEEDINGS.
WE CAN MAKE SURE IT'S IN THERE.
>> OKAY.
CERTAINLY.
>> NOW, WE DID HAVE A QUESTION
COME IN.
DID YOUR RESEARCH IDENTIFY
INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVES IN
CHANGING BEHAVIORS IN DATA
CENTERS?
>> SO, BASICALLY ALL OF THE
BARRIERS AND INTERVENTIONS
LISTED IN THIS TABLE ARE RELATED
TO INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INFLUENCES,
SO THESE ARE GENERALIZED TO
REALLY ALL OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY,
NOT JUST DATA CENTER ENERGY
EFFICIENCY.
BUT, YEAH, THE BARRIERS LISTED
HERE ARE ABOUT INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOLOGY, SO SALIENCE MEANING
THAT THEY ARE NOT THINKING ABOUT
IT, NOT TOP OF MIND, OR THEY ARE
NOT AWARE OF IT LIKE THE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY, SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION CHANGES ONE CAN MAKE
OR COOLING EQUIPMENT THAT IS
MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT THAN
EXISTING SYSTEMS.
TECHNICAL RISK AVERSION, THIS IS
OPERATIONALIZED ON THE
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, BUT COULD BE
AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AND SO IT
COULD BE SOMEONE WHO IS, YOU
KNOW, MANAGING THE SERVERS AND
DOESN'T WANT TO APPLY NEW
COOLING SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ARE
WORRIED IT WILL RESULT IN
EQUIPMENT FAILURE, COULD ALSO BE
SOMEONE WHO IS WRITING THE
CHECKS SO IF THAT'S MORE UP
TOWARDS KIND OF FACILITIES
MANAGEMENT THEY ARE IN CHARGE OF
BUDGET FOR INSTANCE AND NOT
AWARE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY OR THE
WAY IT COULD IMPROVE OR WORSEN
THINGS, MAY NOT BE WILLING TO
RELEASE FUNDS FOR IT.
THAT'S WRAPPED UP, ALSO LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE, BOUNDED RATIONALITY,
THE FOLKS WHO ARE IMPLEMENTING
THESE INVESTMENTS OR
TECHNOLOGIES OR PAYING FOR THEM,
IF THEY ARE THE SAME PEOPLE
THAT'S ONE WAY TO ATTACK THE
PROBLEM AND TALK ABOUT BOUNDED
RATIONALITIES, AND LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE BUT IF THERE ARE TWO
OR THREE SEPARATE PEOPLE WE'RE
JUST TALKING ABOUT COMPOUNDING
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGIES THAT ARE
GOING TO BE TRICKY TO ADDRESS.
>> THE OTHER QUESTION, YOU
TOUCHED ON IT.
SOMEONE WONDERING IF WE COULD
SAY THE SAME HESITATION IN
FACILITY MANAGERS ON THE TOPIC
OF CLIMATE RESILIENCE, ANY
THOUGHTS OR HAVE YOU SEEN ANY
RESEARCH ON THIS THAT'S
FAMILIAR OR SIMILAR?
>> I THINK IT'S USEFUL TO BRING
UP, NICHOLE MENTIONED WE
EXPANDED APERTURE TO INCLUDE
OTHER ENERGY INTENSIVE
BUILDINGS, SO THOSE ARE MEDICAL
FACILITIES, LABORATORIES, PLACES
IN CLEAN ROOMS, SO LIKE A SEMI
CONDUCTOR FOUNDRY, THEN THE
FOURTH IS DATA CENTERS.
AND COMMONALITY TO THAT WORK IS
THAT THE VALUE OF EFFICIENCY IS
THOUGHT OF AS IN SOME WAY
INTENTION WITH THE CORE FUNCTION
OF THE BUILDING.
SO FOR EXAMPLE AT A HOSPITAL,
THE CORE PURPOSE OF THE BUILDING
IS TO CURE THE SICK, AND SO
YOU'RE NOT GOING TO BE, WELL, WE
COULD LOSE RELIABILITY ON THE
VENTILATORS, NO, IT'S A CLEAR
TRADEOFF BEING MADE.
SO WITHIN ENERGY INTENSIVE
BUILDINGS WE FOUND THAT
EFFICIENCY IS THOUGHT OF THIS
WAY ACROSS THE BOARD.
RIGHT?
IF YOU WORK IN A LABORATORY THE
IDEA IS, WELL, EFFICIENCY IS
GOOD, BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY
THE CORE MISSION HERE IS
SCIENCE.
AND SO WE'RE GOING TO -- WE'RE
NOT GOING TO MAKE A SACRIFICE ON
SCIENCE ON BEHALF OF EFFICIENCY.
RESILIENCE IS ANOTHER AREA WHERE
THAT THOSE PERCEPTIONS ARE
INTENTION, RIGHT?
THE IDEA IS THERE'S CORE MISSION
FOR WHATEVER YOUR FACILITY DOES,
AND YOU NEED TO PRESERVE THAT
FIRST AND FORECAST MOST.
I SUSPECT THAT SAME KIND OF
HESITANCY DOES EXIST AROUND
RESILIENCE FOR THAT REASON.
>> I THINK THAT'S ALL WE HAVE
FOR QUESTIONS.
THANK YOU, NICHOLE AND ALEX.
VERY INTERESTING.
IT'S ALWAYS A GOOD IDEA TO BE
COGNIZANT OF THE HUMANNALITY OF
WHAT WE'RE DOING.
THANK YOU FOR THAT PERSPECTIVE.
AT THIS TIME WE'RE GOING TO
CONTINUE ON WITH NICK GRAVES, AN
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYST FOR THE
DOE LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL
LABORATORY LEADING CALIFORNIA
CAP AND TRADE ACTION PLAN
FOCUSING ON NATURAL GAS GHG
REDUCTION.
>> CAN YOU HEAR ME?
>> YES.
>> I HOPE YOU CAN SEE MY.
I'M LOOKING DOWN.
I BELIEVE I SHARE MY SCREEN,
FOUR MINUTES EARLY, A COLLEAGUE
WANTED TO WATCH.
SHE CAN COME IN LATER ON.
SHE'S ALREADY SEEN.
>> SORRY ABOUT THAT.
>> WE FIGURED WE WOULD KEEP
MOVING ALONG AT THE END OF THE
DAY.
>> CERTAINLY FINE.
I'M AT 1:45.
SO I WILL GO AHEAD AND SHARE.
ALL RIGHT.
ARE Y'ALL SEEING IT?
>> YES, WE CAN.
THANK YOU.
>> OKAY.
I SHOULD BE GOING IN PRESENTER
MODE.
A LITTLE BIT OF LAG.
THAT'S TOO MUCH PRESENTER MODE.
ARE YOU SEEING PRESENTER SCREEN
OR JUST THE SLIDE DECK?
>> LOOKS LIKE THE PRESENTER
SCREEN.
>> OKAY.
IS THAT THE RIGHT ONE?
I'VE GOT DUAL SCREENS GOING ON.
>> LOOKS GOOD TO ME, NICK.
>> ALL RIGHT.
I'LL GO AHEAD AND RUN WITH IT.
ANY OTHER ISSUES, ALL RIGHT.
DIANA SAID IT, NOT ME.
SO THANK Y'ALL SO MUCH.
I'M NICK GRAVES.
I'M ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYST TEST
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB.
A BIT OF SCOPE CREEP ON THIS
PRESENTATION, IT'S NOT JUST CAP
AND TRADE AND NATURAL GAS FROM
OUR BOILERS, IT'S GENERAL
GREENHOUSE ACTION PLAN, HEADLINE
GRABBER IS CAP AND TRADE THAT
COSTS A LOT OF DOLLAR BILLS, A
MAIN COMPONENT BUT DISCUSSING
OTHER EFFORTS AND HOW WE GOT TO
ESTABLISHING THIS WHEN SOMETIMES
IN OPERATIONS GREENHOUSE
EMISSIONS AREN'T AS PRIORITY AS
AIR PERMITTING AND MORE
TRADITIONAL COMPLIANCE MEASURES.
I WANT TO GIVE EVERYONE
HISTORICAL SCHPIEL.
SINCE 1962 WE'VE GROWN, WE'RE
OPERATED BY LAWRENCE LIVERMORE
NATIONAL SECURITY, I'M A
GOVERNMENT CONTRACTOR.
NOT AN OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT
WORKER.
AND OUR SITE 200 FACILITY WHAT
MOST PEOPLE THINK OF AND FOCUS
OF THIS WORK IS ABOUT ONE SQUARE
MILE, 521 FACILITIES, ANNUAL
BUDGET $2.8 BILLION.
WE'VE GOT A LOT OF MONEY, A LOT
OF PEOPLE.
UNFORTUNATELY THAT GROWTH IN
PEOPLE HAS LED TO INCREASED
DEMAND ON HEATING AND HVAC
SYSTEMS AND IN SOME CASES MORE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEAKS, AND
CONCOMITANT INCREASE IN
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION.
MORE SCIENCE GOING ON,
UNFORTUNATELY, MORE BUILDINGS TO
HEAT AND COOL AND OPPORTUNITIES
FOR GHG.
WE HAVE AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST
SITE AT SITE 300, 11 SQUARE
MILES, THAT IS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE
OF OUR GREENHOUSE REDUCTION
MEASURE FOR NOW BECAUSE MOST
EMISSIONS ARE AT OUR MAIN
FACILITY IN LIVERMORE.
IT'S A GOOD FOCUS FOR THE
SYMPOSIUM TODAY.
WE HAVE A NUMBER OF OUR
SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS, I WILL MAKE EVERY
EFFORT TO INCLUDE A DEFINITION
OF WHAT ACRONYMS MEAN.
THEY SEEM TO REPRODUCE LIKE
RABBITS IN ENVIRONMENTAL.
GENERALLY FOR OUR ASSESSMENT TO
SEE WHERE OUR MAJOR FOCUS SHOULD
BE FOR OUR DIFFERENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS WE USE
CORE OF 33, THAT WILL MEAN MORE
ON THE NEXT SLIDE.
WHAT WE FOUND WAS WE HAD THREE
MAJOR VERBS TO APPLY TO A NUMBER
OF NOUNS.
WE WANTED TO DECREASE GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS, CRITERIA AIR
POLLUTANTS, FOSSIL FUEL
CONSUMPTION, CONSERVE WATER USE
AND REDUCE HAZARDOUS WASTE
GENERATION, MATERIALS USE,
MUNICIPAL WASTE GENERATION, AND
WE DON'T HAVE A VERB FOR
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
CONSERVATION, GENERALLY SPEAKING
WANT TO REDUCE USE OF A LOT OF
OTHER MATERIALS.
I WILL ALSO MENTION LOOKING AT
THIS TO ESTABLISH OUR PRIORITIES
WE HAVE A CUTOFF SCORE OF 33 TO
SEE WHICH ASPECTS WE SHOULD
FOCUS ON BUT TO ENSURE WE DON'T
SET THE BAR SUPER HIGH WE ALSO
SAY WE NEED AT LEAST THREE P2
OPPORTUNITIES, OUR POLLUTION
PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES.
>> NICK, WE'RE STILL ON SLIDE 1
ON THE SLIDE DECK.
IT'S NOT ADVANCING ON OUR END.
>> I'M SO SORRY.
I'M TALKING AWAY.
I'LL RESHARE.
I THINK I SEE WHAT HAPPENED.
CLICKED ON THE WRONG THING.
ALL RIGHT.
HOW'S THAT?
ARE YOU SEEING NICE PICTURE OF
OUR SITE NOW?
>> YES.
>> IT'S NOT IN PRESENTER MODE.
>> HOW ABOUT NOW?
>> YES.
>> ALL RIGHT.
WELL, UNFORTUNATELY IT IS ALSO
ON ANOTHER SCREEN SO GIVE ME ONE
MORE SECOND.
I.T. ISSUES.
ALL RIGHT.
ONE SECOND.
YOU CAN SEE THE SCREEN.
ARE WE ALL GOOD ON THAT NOW?
>> YES.
>> ALL RIGHT.
THANK Y'ALL SO MUCH.
NOW THAT YOU CAN HAVE A VISUAL,
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABS, 1952,
8200 EMPLOYEES, ONE SQUARE MILE,
ANNUAL BUDGE IT, SITE 300,
THERE'S THE GIST OF WHAT I WAS
DISCUSSING.
THIS WILL MAKE MORE SENSE.
THIS IS THE VERBS AND NOUNS,
BASED ON OUR ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND CUTOFF
SCORE WILL MAKE MORE SENSE NOW
THAT I HAVE GET TO OUR IMPACT
SCORING.
I STILL WANT TO GO THROUGH MORE
ON HOW WE ESSENTIALLY TURNED OUR
PRIORITY ASSESSMENTS INTO A
NATURAL ACTION PLAN.
FOR US WE HAD A SYSTEM OF
SLOWDOWN AND FEEDBACK WITH
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT THAT
FLOW DIAGRAM ON SCREEN, I HOPE
YOU SEE ON SCREEN, WILL EXPLAIN.
GENERALLY SPEAKING
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT WILL
BE INFORMED BASED OFF WHAT WE
SEE FROM OUR WORK COMMUNICATED
BACK.
MOVING FORWARD FROM POSITION OF
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT IS
AWARE OF RISK, ORGANIZATIONAL
MANAGEMENT WILL ESTABLISH
OBJECTIVES BECAUSE WE NEED
ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION AREAS,
FLOWING TO SPECIFIC
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES FOR
WHAT I DO DAY TO DAY.
BECOMING PROGRAM OBJECTIVES, WE
CAN TURN FROM GENERAL GOALS INTO
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND TASKS.
THAT WILL BECOME SORTS OF TASKS
WE CAN PLAN AND EXECUTE IN OUR
WORK, AND AS WE DO THAT WE CAN
COMMUNICATE BACK UP THE CHAIN TO
ESTABLISH PROGRAMMATIC RISK AND
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ELEVATING
DEPENDING ON TYPE OF RISK, CAN
BE COMMUNICATED, MAKE HERE IS
WAY INTO ISMS AND SPOMC, SAFETY
PERFORMANCE OBJECT MEASURES AND
CONTROLS.
COMMITMENT.
IF IT MAKES ITS WAY, IT'S A SIGN
IT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE THAT
BECOMES A CONTRACT REQUIREMENT
WE HAVE OUR FRIENDS AT DOE.
AND TO ENSURE IT GETS DONE
PROPERLY ESTABLISHED A FORMAL
ACTION PLAN WITH ORGANIZATIONAL
MANAGEMENT TO PROVIDE IMPORTANT
RESOURCES AND THIS GENERAL FLOW
IS HOW WE REACHED OUR DECISION
TO DO A GREENHOUSE GAS PLAN.
SPECIFICALLY THE WAY WE
COMMUNICATED TO MANAGEMENT WAS
THROUGH ISO 14001, SEEN ON
SCREEN DATA FROM OUR THREE
ROUNDS OF REVIEWS FOR ISO
SYSTEM, 2015, 18, 21.
X-AXIS ARE DIFFERENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS WE
CONSIDERED, Y-AXIS IS ISO IMPACT
SCORE.
33 IS WHAT YOU'RE SEEING AS THE
DOTTED LINE, WE ALSO CONSIDERED
A SCORE OF 31 AS CUTOFF, WE HAVE
TO MAKE A CHOICE ON PRIORITIZING
ASPECTS, WE CONSIDERED DIFFERENT
SCORES, WENT WITH 33 TO ENSURE
WE WERE FOCUSING ON PRIORITY
SCORES.
IN PARTICULAR FOR FINDINGS AND
ACTION PLANS TODAY, THERE WE GO,
WE FOUND FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION
HAD HIGH SCORE AND DEMANDED A
LOT OF ATTENTION TO ENSURE WE
START REDUCING AS THEY PRESENT
MAJOR RISKS FOR COMPLIANCE AND
OTHER REQUIREMENTS THAT WE FOUND
IN OUR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM.
WHAT'S MORE, LOOKING AT TOTAL
GHG BASELINE ON SCREEN, MOST OF
OUR EMISSIONS ARE SCOPE 2, AND
WE HAVE A TOTAL SET OF EMISSIONS
OF 153,000 METRIC TONS FOR 2021.
IT IS TRUE SCOPE 2 ARE THE BULK
OF OUR EMISSION, WE ACTUALLY
FOUND WHAT WE CONSIDER SCOPE 1
EMISSIONS ARE ON-SITE, NATURAL
GAS, REFRIDGERANT LEAKS.
IN TERMS OF WHAT WE CAN
ACCOMPLISH DAY TO SOMEDAY SCOPE
1 THE MOST DIRECT INFLUENCE OVER
DECISIONS.
WE CAN CHECK OUT WHAT'S GOING ON
DAY TO DAY AND CHOSE TO FOCUS ON
SCOPE 1 EMISSIONS.
NOW, WITH ALL OF THAT BACKGROUND
STATED, STATING HOW WE WENT FROM
OUR GENERAL PLANS AND EMS
FINDINGS, WE'RE GOING TO DISCUSS
HOW WE GOT TO OUR GHG ACTION
PLAN OBJECTIVES.
THE PLAN IS THREE PILLARS.
OUR GREENHOUSE GAS CAP AND TRADE
PLAN WITH GOAL TO MINIMIZE COST
OF MARKET-BASED REGIME.
NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION FROM
BOILERS IS THE BULK, IN FACT THE
ENTIRETY OF WHAT'S COVERED IN
THE GREENHOUSE GAS REQUIREMENT.
SECOND GOAL WAS TO LOOK AT GAS
INSULATED EQUIPMENT WITH SULPHUR
HEXAFLUORIDE, DEVELOPING GIE SF6
TO REDUCE EMISSIONS.
FINALLY THE MOST COMPLEX
REGULATION IN TERMS OF WHAT'S
WRITTEN DOWN FOR IT, REFRIGERANT
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.
CALIFORNIA IN PARTICULAR HAS A
NUMBER OF COMPLEX REGULATIONS
AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS
PROTOCOL BUT AT THE END OF THE
DAY THE GOAL IS MAKE SURE IT IS
NOT LEAKING OUT INTO THE
ENVIRONMENT.
LOOKING AT THE ACTUAL SYSTEMS,
CAP AND TRADE WHAT WE'RE TRYING
TO DO IS COMBUST NATURAL GAS TO
PRODUCE HEAT, EMITS CO2 FROM
BOILERS, CAPTURED BY CAP AND
TRADE.
WE LIKE TO USE A SYSTEMS
APPROACH BECAUSE IT LETS US LOOK
AT THE GIST OF WHAT IT IS WE
WANT TO DO, SECONDARY EFFECTS OF
IT WHICH IS EMISSIONS OF CARBON
DIOXIDE AND SYSTEMS APPROACH TO
TWIST AND TURN TO CHANGE HOW
WE'RE EMITTING GREENHOUSE GASES,
THAT'S FROM THE NATURAL GAS
COMBUSTION.
WE HAVE SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE,
SWITCH-GEAR, SECONDARY
CONSEQUENCE IS LEAKS WHICH GETS
CAPTURED UNDER REGULATION.
GIS THE ACRONYM IN REGULATION.
ALSO OF NOTE, SULPHUR
HEXAFLUORIDE IS A CONCERNS
BECAUSE IT HAS A GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL OF 22,500, IF YOU EMIT
ONE POUND YOU'VE EMITTED TEN
TONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE.
AND WHAT WE'RE DOING IS REUSING
REFRIGERANTS IN HVAC SYSTEMS.
WE HAVE LEAKS THAT GET CAPTURED,
PROHIBITION IN STATIONARY
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS.
THIS IS THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF
WHAT WE HAVE TO WORK WITH IN
TERMS OF GETTING NECESSARY
OUTPUTS, HEAT, INSULATION AND
REFRIGERATION.
WHAT ARE WE ACTUALLY DOING ABOUT
CAP AND TRADE IN THIS CASE?
WHAT WE'VE CHOSEN TO DO IS
ESTABLISH TASK FORCE, INCLUDING
PEOPLE LIKE MYSELF, FROM THE
ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION AREA WHO
HAVE REGULATORY BACKGROUND,
WORKING ACROSS THE OPERATIONS
HOUSE AND SPEAKING WITH PEOPLE
IN OUR FACILITIES GROUP WHO GO
OUT IN THE FIELD AND WORK WITH
THIS EQUIPMENT AND CAN
COMMUNICATE ISSUES IN EFFICIENCY
AND OPERATION.
WHAT WE'RE DOING WITH THIS TASK
FORCE IS CONDUCTING FIELD
SURVEYS, TO UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT
PARAMETERS, ESTABLISH
EFFICIENCIES IN METERING DATA,
METERING IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE
WE'RE TRYING TO BECOME A DATA
DRIVEN ORGANIZATION SO WE WANT
TO UNDERSTAND WHICH SYSTEMS ARE
METERED, WHICH ARE SPEAKING TO
TERTIARY REPOSITORY, AND USING
THIS INFORMATION, COMBINING WITH
CAP AND TRADE COST OF CARBON AND
ENERGY MARKET COST OF FUEL, BOTH
HAVE BEEN INCREASING OVER TIME,
AND COMPARING TO DIFFERENT
ALTERNATIVES, PREPARE
JUSTIFICATION FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE.
FOR INSTANCE, SHOULD WE BE
INVESTING IN NEW NATURAL GAS
EQUIPMENT CHEAPER TO ROLL OUT
AND GET QUICK REDUCTION OR BE
CONSIDERING ALTERNATE SYSTEMS
SUCH AS HEAT PUMPS OR ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE
CAN SUPPORT IT.
SO THIS IS THE GIST OF WHAT
WE'RE ATTEMPTING TO DO FOR CAP
AND TRADE PROTOCOL, WE WANT TO
REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM BOILERS.
FOR THIS AGAIN WE HAVE STARTED
BY ESTABLISHING A TASK FORCE
THAT HAS GONE IN THE FIELD TO
CONDUCT INVENTORY, OBTAIN
RECORDS ON TRAINING, DISPOSAL,
INSPECTION AND REPAIR TO MAKE
SURE WE'RE MEETING
RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENTS,
IDENTIFYING THOSE THAT ARE BAD
LEAKERS IS ANOTHER BIG POINT.
USING THAT WE WISH TO CREATE A
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT TO EXPLAIN TO
PEOPLE IN THE FUTURE ESPECIALLY
AS WE HAVE CONTINUING TURNOVER
ISSUES HOW THIS EQUIPMENT NEEDS
TO BE MAINTAINED AND MAINTAIN
TRAINING.
AND PARALLEL MANAGEMENT IN
PARTICULAR HAS BEEN A DYNAMIC
REGULATION, THERE'S NEW
REFRIGERANTS COVERED, WITH OUR
EXPERTISE AND REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS EQUIPPED TO
CONDUCT.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE AMENDMENTS
ARE CAPTURED IN GUIDANCE
DOCUMENT.
AND FROM THERE USING GUIDANCE
DOCUMENT WE WOULD LIKE TO UPDATE
INSTITUTIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON
EQUIPMENT DESIGN, WASTE
DISPOSAL, CERTIFICATION, A
DATABASE TO CAPTURE THIS SO
WE'RE ABLE TO REALLY TELL AT A
GLANCE PERHAPS EVEN DASHBOARD IT
WHAT IS GOING ON WITH OUR
REFRIDGEERANT SYSTEM, TAKING
STEPS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS.
FINALLY-- I THOUGHT I PUT IN
MORE ANIMATION.
TASK FORCE, I KNOW IT MIGHT
SOUND LIKE A DULL THING TO DO
BUT FORMING TASK FORCES HAS BEEN
A BIG PART.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE WE KNOW
WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE FIELD,
BUY-IN LATER ON WHEN WE MAKE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WHAT SHOULD
BE DONE.
WE HAVE THE FOLLOWING STEPS,
FORM A TASK FORCE, FIELD
VERIFICATION, PREPARE A WATCH
LIST WHICH EQUIPMENT IS LEAKING
A LOT, CREATE PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE PROGRAM SO WE'RE NOT
REACTIONARY AS PRO-ACTIVE, AND
SO THAT WAY WE CAN ACTUALLY STOP
THE LEAKS IN THE FIRST PLACE OR
IF THEY ARE LEAKING STOP THEM
EARLY ON IN THE LEAK PROCESS.
AND THEN FROM THAT CREATE
PRIORITY REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT
LIST.
IN ADDITION IN PARALLEL, SF6 IS
A DYNAMIC REGULATION, MONITORING
REGULATORY CHANGES AND CREATING
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT, WE'RE TRYING
TO MAKE CERTAIN WE'RE
COMMUNICATING AND DOCUMENTING
REGULATORY CHANGES TO
COMMUNICATE TO OPERATIONS STAFF
AS NEEDED.
WITH IT BEING SO DYNAMIC WITH
CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
SPECIFICALLY REQUIRING TRAINING
WE WANT TO HAVE A MORE
INTEGRATED GUIDANCE DOCUMENT TO
ENSURE THEY ARE COMPLYING WITH
AGENCY REQUIREMENTS.
SO IN SUMMARY, A LOT OF THIS IS
WHAT WE'RE DOING IN HOUSE.
I WANT TO SHARE FINAL REMARKS
ABOUT THE STEPS WE'RE TAKING TO
COMPLY WITH CALIFORNIA GHG
REQUIREMENTS.
END DELIVERABLES, FUNCTIONING
CAP AND TRADE PROGRAM OR READY
DO GO.
WE'RE NOT QUITE THERE.
SF6 PROGRAM THAT CAN BE MUCH
MORE DYNAMIC AND ROBUST TOWARDS
THE ONGOING REQUIREMENTS FOR SF6
COMPLIANCE IN CALIFORNIA.
THE G.I.E IS THE S F6 PROGRAM.
AND WITH THE DIFFERENT WORK
WE'RE DOING WITH FNI LOOKING AT
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT
RECOMMENDATION, INSTEAD OF
SAYING WE NEED TO MAKE
DOCUMENTATION, WE WOULD LIKE TO
LOOK FROM PERSPECTIVE OF
PROACTIVITY, MORE EFFICIENT
BOILERS, BETTER SF6 EQUIPMENT
AND SYSTEMS THAT AREN'T USING
THIS STUFF IN THE FIRST PLACE SO
THAT WE'RE, AS I CALL IT,
INHERENTLY COMPLIANT BY NOT
HAVING ANYTHING REGULATED.
AT THE VERY LEAST EFFICIENCY IS
SOMETHING GOOD TO WORK FOR.
WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE GENERAL
PLAN?
WE'RE TRYING TO EMPHASIZE
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT,
INSTITUTIONAL BUY-IN WHERE WE
HAD OPERATIONS IN IS A -- IN
FACILITIES, INVENTORY
IMPROVEMENT, AND NEW POLICY
TRACKINGS TO KEEP UP WITH ALL
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DYNAMIC
REGULATORY CHANGES HAPPENING AT
THE FEDERAL LEVELS TO MEET
EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
REQUIREMENTS MANDATED TO US.
I HAD 20 MINUTES BUT THAT'S THE
END.
I'LL THANK YOU AT THE END OF THE
LONG WORKDAY AND HAPPY TO TAKE
QUESTIONS ON WHAT I'VE BEEN
PRESENTING.
>> HAVE YOU IDENTIFIED ANY OF
YOUR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES?
ARE YOU LOOKING AT PERFORMANCE
CONTRACTING OR HAVE YOU BEEN
ABLE TO IDENTIFY ANYTHING?
>> YES.
THERE ARE CERTAIN MODELS OF
BOILERS THAT ARE OLDER SYSTEMS,
FOR INSTANCE I THINK THERE'S ONE
BOILER THAT'S 32 YEARS OLD,
OLDER THAN I AM, PROBABLY TIME
TO SUNSET THAT AND SWITCH TO NEW
TYPES OF MODELS.
NEW MODELS WE'VE IDENTIFIED
WE'LL BE LOOKING INTO THAT
EFFECTS.
WE FINISHED OUR FIELD
VERIFICATION.
NEW MODELS HAVE A NUMBER OF
CO-BENEFITS BEYOND EFFICIENCY,
LOWER RISK LIKE IF YOU WANT TO
WORK IN ELECTRICAL PANELS THEY
ARE SAFER TO WORK ON.
NEWER SYSTEMS, TEND TO BE MORE
TECHNICIANS AVAILABLE IN THE
BLUE COLLAR WORKFORCE THAT HAVE
EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING ON THESE
SYSTEMS.
THERE'S ALSO BASIC FACT THEY ARE
MORE EFFICIENT.
IN OUR OLDER SYSTEMS, I TAKE MY
JACKET OFF BECAUSE IT WAS
BIOLOGY IN THE ROOM.
OTHERWISE IN TERMS OF MAJOR
INVESTMENT RECOMMENDATION,
OPPORTUNITY, JUST METERING.
BETTER METERING SYSTEMS FOR
THESE UNITS THAT GIVE US
BUILDING LEVEL INFORMATION ON
HOW MUCH ENERGY THEY ARE USING,
HOW MUCH ENERGY THEY USE OVER
THE COURSE OF A DAY, A DAY,
USING THAT TO HOPEFULLY, THIS IS
LONGER-TERM GOAL, INFORM A
BUILDING MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
LIKE HOW DO WE START MANAGING
OUR BUILDINGS PROPERLY.
SO THOSE ARE THE PRIMARY THINGS
WE'VE SEEN SO FAR, SPEAKING
PRIMARILY FOR THE CAP AND TRADE
PROGRAM, WHERE I'M THINKING MOST
OF THE INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT
WILL PROBABLY GO TOWARDS.
FS6 AND HFCs, I'M NOT THE ONE
LEADING THOSE EFFORTS, I'M JUST
DESCRIBING THAT TODAY.
WE HAVE ALSO IDENTIFYING LARGER
LEAKING SYSTEMS IN THERE, AND
LOOKING TOWARDS REPLACING THEM
OR PERHAPS FINDING ALTERNATE
SYSTEMS WE MIGHT USE.
>> OKAY.
WE HAVE A QUESTION LOOKING FOR
CLARIFICATION, WHEN WILL LL ANDL
BE REGULATED UNDER CALIFORNIA'S
CAP AND TRADE?
IF I HEARD CORRECTLY YOU'RE NOT
SECRETARY YET.
>> CORRECT.
WE'RE TRYING TO DO THIS AS A
PRO-ACTIVE MEASURE BECAUSE CAP
AND TRADE IS EXPENSIVE, WE'RE AT
24,000 METRIC TONS OF COVERED
EMISSIONS, THRESHOLD IS 25,000,
A BUNCH OF BUILDINGS ABOUT TO
COME ONLINE, LEED CERTIFIED,
MIGHT NOT PUSH US IN, BUT AS MY
COLLEAGUE LIKES TO SAY WHEN IS
WHEN WE GET ONE BAD WINTER.
MOTION EMISSIONS HAPPEN IN
DECEMBER AND GENERAL WHEN
JANUARY WHEN IT'S COLD, ONE BAD
WINTER AND WE'LL ENTER THE
PROGRAM FOR FOUR YEARS WHERE
WE'LL HAVE TO LOWER EMISSIONS
AND IT'S REALLY A FUNCTION OF
WHAT'S GOING ON WITH OUR
BOILERS, BOILER DEMAND.
BUT THAT'S WHY WE'RE ALSO TRYING
TO BE PRO-ACTIVE.
WE WOULD RATHER NOT HAVE TO PAY
THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
$750,000, WHATEVER THE GOING TO
COST IN CAP AND TRADE COMPLIANCE
CREDITS.
>> OF COURSE.
HAVE YOU LOOKED AT REPLACING
HVAC EQUIPMENT WITH HEAT PUMP
TECHNOLOGIES?
>> SO WE DO WANT TO LOOK AT
THAT.
THAT'S UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES.
WE'LL START LOOKING AT THAT.
THE REASON WHY WE'RE NOT AS --
I'M NOT GOING TO SAY HESITANT.
THERE INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGY.
THE QUESTION IS WITH ALL THE NEW
SYSTEMS, WE HAVE TO BALANCE THAT
WITH THE DEMANDS PLACED ON OUR
ELECTRIC GRID AND WE HAVE PG&E
POWER LINES, NOT EXACTLY
HALLMARK RELIABILITY.
BUT ESSENTIALLY WE ARE
INTERESTED IN THAT INFORMATION.
BUT IN TERMS OF WHAT WOULD BE
THE EASIEST TO GET IN PLACE FOR
QUICK REDUCTION, LIKE FOR LIKE
NATURAL GAS SYSTEMS, NOT AS MUCH
INTEREST GENERALLY, WE'D RATHER
HAVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, THAT
MOVE TO POWER GRID AND THAT LETS
US PIGGYBACK ON RENEWAL ENERGY
BUT HAVE TO BALANCE DESIRE TO
LOWER OUR GHGs WITH EMISSION
NEED OF HAVING RELIABLE POW ER,
THAT'S THE CALCULATION PEOPLE
FACE WITH THESE KINDS OF
ELECTRIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.
>> OKAY.
I THINK THIS IS MORE OF A
STATEMENT.
BOILERS IS ONE OF THE PROJECTS
THAT NEED TO BE REPLACED, FROM
THE EMS POINT OF VIEW, ANY
RECOMMENDATIONS TO CONVINCE
MANAGEMENT TO REPLACE THEM?
>> WITH THE REPLACEMENTS, THIS
IS WHERE I THINK CAP AND TRADE
IS CONVENIENT IF YOU'RE IN MY
POSITION, MY DAY JOB IS MAKING
RECOMMENDATIONS.
THEY GIVE US A NICE CONVERSION
FACTOR METRICS TONS OF CARBON
DIOXIDE TO MONEY, MONEY DOES
HELP YOU MAKE GOOD BUSINESS
CASES.
IN THIS CASE WHAT WE'RE TRYING
TO DO IS USE THE CAP AND TRADE
COST OF CARBON TO PERSUADE
MANAGEMENT YOU CAN INVEST INTO
BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE OR WILL
HAVE TO GIVE THE MONEY TO
CALIFORNIA, GOING TO HAVE TO
SPEND MONEY EITHER WAY, MIGHT AS
WELL BE GETTING BETTER ASSETS
AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
IN TERMS OF HOW EMS IS USING
REGULATORY REGIMES, PROBABLY AS
THEY WERE DESIGNED.
WE WERE TOLD HERE IS THE DOLLAR
BILL REQUIREMENT, USE IT BECAUSE
YOU CAN'T EMIT INTO THE PUBLIC
COMMONS, NOW THERE'S AN ECONOMIC
BASIS FOR ARGUING FOR WHAT THIS
WILL COST.
ANOTHER VERY INTERESTING PLOT,
BY THE WAY, I WAS LOOKING OVER
THE RECENT SETTLEMENT PRICES FOR
CAP AND TRADE, VERY INTERESTING
TO LOOK AT BECAUSE CALIFORNIA
DOES HAVE A FAIR AMOUNT OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION, CHEVRON IN
RICHMOND, FOR EXAMPLE.
AS YOU READ HEADLINES ABOUT
DEMAND FOR OIL AND GAS IT TRACKS
WITH CORES OF CARBON, THEY ARE
PROBABLY ALL IN CAP AND TRAIN,
WHEN THERE'S A SPIKE IN DEMAND
ALLOWANCES BECOME PREMIUM
BECAUSE EVERYONE WANTS TO EMIT
CARBON SO THEY CAN KEEP ON THE
ECONOMIC BANDWAGON.
THAT SPIKE WITH THE ONGOING,
WHAT I'VE SEEN, INCREASE IN
PRICE OF NATURAL GAS, ASSISTS US
IN ECONOMIC BUSINESS CASE FOR
WHY MORE EFFICIENT ASSETS OR
ALTERNATE FUEL SOURCE ASSETS ARE
SOMETHING WE SHOULD CONSIDER AT
THE MANAGEMENT LEVEL FOR
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT.
>> ONCE YOU'RE IN THE CAP AND
TRADE ARE YOU ALWAYS IN?
OR CAN YOU FALL BELOW THE
THRESHOLD AND EXEMPT OUT AGAIN?
DID I HEAR YOU SAY THERE'S A
CERTAIN PERIOD YOU HAD TO STAY
IN IT?
>> THIS REGULATION IS TRICKY,
MORE PRIORITY TO COMPLYING WHILE
WE'RE IN IT AS OOPOSED TO GET
OUT.
MY UNDERSTANDING ONCE YOU'RE IN
IT, YOU'RE IN IT FOR AT LEAST
FOUR YEARS.
MIGHT BE THREE.
BUT SEVERAL YEARS.
WHICH FOR US MEANS YOU OWE AT
LEAST A MILLION DOLLARS.
WHICH HELPS GET ATTENTION.
BUT YOU CAN GET OUT BY GOING
UNDER THE THRESHOLD AND GETTING
CERTIFIED VERIFIED EMISSIONS, IT
IS ISN'T JUST WE HAD THIS MANY
EMISSIONS, YOU HAVE TO HAVE THEM
VERIFIED, ONCE YOU VERIFIED
EMISSIONS ARE BELOW THE
THRESHOLD OF CAP AND TRADE FOR
FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS YOU CAN
THEN PETITION TO EXIT THE
PROGRAM.
OF COURSE YOU STILL HAVE TO
REPORT YOUR EMISSIONS BECAUSE
CALIFORNIA HAS AN INTEGRATED
SYSTEM FOR REPORTING OF
EMISSIONS UNDER MANDATORY
REPORTING RULE, FOR EVERYONE
ABOVE 10,000 METRICS TONS, UNDER
THAT, YOU ESSENTIALLY WOULD GO
BELOW -- REPORT BELOW 25,000 AND
FOR US WE'LL ALWAYS BE ABOVE
10,000, NATURAL GAS, AND SO
THAT'S HOW CALIFORNIA IS ABLE TO
TRACK HOW MANY EMISSIONS HAVE
YOU IF YOU'RE NOTE IN THE CAP
AND TRADE PROGRAM ITSELF.
>> INTERESTING.
OKAY.
THAT SEEMS TO BE IT FOR
QUESTIONS FOR NOW.
THANK YOU, NICK.
THAT WAS REALLY INTERESTING.
I THINK THERE'S NOT MANY OF US
WHO ARE OPERATING IN CALIFORNIA
AND REALLY UNDERSTAND THAT
IMPACT, BUT CAN APPRECIATE THE
CONCERN THERE.
AND I AGREE WITH YOU FROM YOUR
PERSPECTIVE IT DEFINITELY HELPS
PUSH THESE EFFICIENCY PROJECTS.
>> DEFINITELY.
THANK Y'ALL SO MUCH.
I'M ROUNDING US OUT TODAY,
INTERESTING SYMPOSIUM TODAY.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
THANK YOU TO EVERYONE WHO JOINED
US TODAY.
IT WAS A FULL DAY.
I THINK WE HIT A BROAD SPECTRUM
THE ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY
TRACK WILL CONTINUE THURSDAY, WE
HAVE TWO WORKSHOPS GOING ON, A
90-MINUTE AND 60-MINUTE
WORKSHOP, WHICH SEEM TO BE, YOU
KNOW, VERY INTERESTING, TALKING
ABOUT DECARBONIZATION, AND ALSO
LOOKING AT ENERGY STORAGE.
SO, AGAIN, VERY HOT TOPICS IN
THE ENERGY WORLD.
SO WE HOPE YOU CAN JOIN US
THURSDAY MORNING.
THANK YOU AGAIN, JUST TO
REITERATE PRESENTATIONS THAT
HAVE BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC
POSTING AND PUBLIC BEING IN FED
CENTER ARE ON THE FED CENTER
WEBSITE.
AND THERE WILL BE A SURVEY GOING
OUT AT SOME LATER POINT, ASKING
FOR YOUR FEEDBACK AND
INFORMATION ON THE SYMPOSIUM.
WE'RE AN ALL-VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE
LOOKING FOR FEEDBACK AND ALSO
LOOKING FOR NEW VOLUNTEERS TO
HELP US PUT THIS TOGETHER.