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CAPTIONS BEGIN IN PROGRESS SHORTLY

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MANY YEARS IS ARCHIVED AND THE

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LINK IS SHOWN ON THE SLIDE AND

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IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS,

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PLEASE GET IN TOUCH NOW WE HAVE

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A RATHER SPECIAL ADDITIONAL

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EVENT TODAY BECAUSE THE SPEAKERS

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ARE GOING TO BE INTRODUCED BY

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NINA SHORE WHO IN 2022 WAS

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APPOINTED AS THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR

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OF THE OFFICE OF INTRAMURAL

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RESEARCH AT THE NIH.

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NOW THOSE WHO WERE NOT ON THIS

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CAMPUS OR EVEN VERY FAMILIAR

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WITH IT, YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW THAT

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THE MAJORITY OF THE FUNDING, ALL

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OF WHICH IS FROM PUBLIC SOURCES,

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THE MAJORITY OF FUNDING TO NIH

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GOES TO FUND ON A COMPETITIVE

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PEER REVIEWED BASIS, RESEARCH

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PROPOSALS, FROM INDIVIDUALS AND

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INSTITUTIONS THROUGHOUT THE

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COUNTRY AND OFTEN THROUGHOUT THE

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WORLD.

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BUT SOMETHING LIKE ABOUT 9% OF

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THE BUDGET IS USED TO SUPPORT

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THE INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM

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WHICH IS BASED HERE AND AT

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SEVERAL OTHER CENTERS THROUGHOUT

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THE COUNTRY.

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NOW, HERE, HERE IS 300-ACRES IN

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BETHESDA, MARYLAND, ABOUT 15

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MINUTES FROM DOWN TOWN

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WASHINGTON.

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THERE ARE ABOUT 15,000 PEOPLE

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WHO WORK HERE AND THAT INCLUDES

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SOMETHING LIKE 1200 PRINCIPAL

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INVESTIGATORS AND THEIR

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ENTOURAGE, THERE ARE ABOUT 5000

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POST DOCTORAL FELLOWS AND

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CLINICAL FELLOWS AS WELL AS

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MEDICAL STUDENTS WHO ROTATE,

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SPEND A YEAR HERE WHILE THEY'RE

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IN MEDICAL SCHOOL, THERE ARE 27

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INSTITUTES AND CENTERS SO--AND

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THIS IS ALSO THE HOME OF THE

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WORLD'S LARGEST RESEARCH

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HOSPITAL.

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PEOPLE ARE ADMITTED ON THE BASIS

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OF PROTOCOLS FOR RESEARCH AND

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DEVELOPMENT.

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I THINK THERE'S 250 BEDS AND A

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HUGE NUMBER OF OUT PATIENT

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ATTENDEES AND CLINICS AND

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DR. SHORE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

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GUIDING THIS ENORMOUS SHIP AND

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IT'S A TREMENDOUS

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RESPONSIBILITY.

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THE MAJOR GOAL OF COURSE IS THAT

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OF THE NIH ITSELF, TO DEVELOP,

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PROMOTE RESEARCH THAT ADVANCES

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OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE,

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MECHANISMS, NEW TREATMENTS,

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DIAGNOSIS AND ALL FOR THE

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BENEFIT OF THE WORLD'S PUBLIC.

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SO WE'RE VERY DELIGHTED THAT

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TODAY NINA IS GOING TO INTRODUCE

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OUR ASPECTERS WHO WILL TALK TO

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US ABOUT 1 OF THE MOST

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CHALLENGING AND SEEMINGLY DAILY

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CHANGING TOPICS AND THAT IS

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

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MAY I HAVE THE NEXT SLIDE,

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PLEASE, NO, NEXT 1.

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NEXT, PLEASE.

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YES.

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SO I USUALLY BEGIN THESE

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SESSIONS BY WRITING A FEW

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QUESTIONS OF THINGS THAT COME TO

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MY MIND WHENEVER WE'VE HAD A

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SESSION, SO THESE HAVE JUST OFF

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THE TOP OF MY HEAD THAT WE'RE

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INTERESTED IN, AND THESE ARE

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TOPICS THAT I'M SURE WILL BE

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DISCUSSED.

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HOW WILL AI AFFECT THE PRACTICE

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OF MEDICINE IN THE ROLE OF A

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PHYSICIAN?

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WHO OWNS, WHO REGULATES AI AND

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HOW ARE THEY GOING TO DETERMINE

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ITS COST.

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HOW CAN YOU TELL IF AI WAS USED

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TO GENERATE ANY KIND OF A

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DOCUMENT?

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SHOULD ALL PAPERS INDICATE THAT

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AI WAS USED AND IF SO, HOW?

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IS IT ETHICAL TO USE AI FOR

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PERSONAL, PROFESSIONAL

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MANUSCRIPTS, GRANTS, ET CETERA.

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AND I WONDER WHETHER ARTIFICIAL

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INTELIENCE IN EDUCATION WILL

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HAVE A FEEDBACK IN REDUCING OUR

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STUDENTS ABILITY TO WRITE IN AND

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WHERE DO YOU THINK AI IS

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HEADING?

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WHAT ARE YOUR FEARS ABOUT AI?

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AND WE'RE FORTUNATE TODAY TO

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HAVE 2 REMARKABLE INDIVIDUALS

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WHOSE POSITION IN THEIR

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PROFESSIONAL LIFE PERMITS THEM

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TO NOT ONLY WORK AND CONSIDER

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THESE ISSUES BUT TO SHARE THEIR

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KNOWLEDGE WITH US.

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SO MAY I PLEASE INTRODUCE TO YOU

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NINA SHORE.

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KD--SALLY APPROXIMATE CAUSE

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[ APPLAUSE ]

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>> THANK YOU, DR. ARIAS, AND

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THANKS TO YOU FOR COMING.

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IT IS SO WONDERFUL TO SEE REAL

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PEOPLE IN REAL SEATS IN THIS

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AUDITORIUM AND THANKS TO THOSE

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OF YOU WHO ARE TUNING IN ON

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VIDEOCAST, WE ARE ALL IN FOR A

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REAL TREAT TODAY BECAUSE WE ARE

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GOING TO HEAR 2 EXPERTS TALK

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WITH US ABOUT AS YOU'VE HEARD A

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VERY, VERY CONTROVERSIAL AND

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CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TOPIC, THE

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NOTION OF THE USE OF AI IN

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PUBLICATIONS.

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SO AS IS OUR USUAL PRACTICE, WE

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HAVE 2 WONDERFUL SPEAKERS TODAY,

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OUR FIRST SPEAKER IS DR. HOLDEN

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THORP, WHO IS AS MOST OF YOU

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KNOW THE CURRENT EDITOR IN CHIEF

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OF SCIENCE MAGAZINE.

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DR. THORP IS PROFESSOR OF

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CHEMISTRY AT GEORGE WASHINGTON

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UNIVERSITY AND PRIOR TO HIS

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CURRENT POSITIONS, HE WAS THE

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TENTH CHANCELLOR OF THE

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UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT

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CHAPEL HILL WHERE HE HAD BEEN

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THE DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF ARTS

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AND SCIENCES AND A KEENAN

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PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY.

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HIS RESEARCH HAS WON PREOF THE

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IEJOUS AWARDS AND FUNDING IN

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BOTH ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY

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EMPLOY DR. THORP HOLDS AN

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UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE FROM UNC

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AND A Ph.D. IN CHEMISTRY FROM

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CAL TECH.

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HE DID HIS POST DOCTORAL

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TRAINING AT YALE UNIVERSITY.

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A MULTITALENTED SCHOLAR, HE IS

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ALSO A MASTER GUITARIST WHO

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STUDIED AT BERKELEY COLLEGE OF

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MUSIC AND A MUCH AWARDED RUBICS

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CUBE OFFICKIANAD O.

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OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. VARDIT

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RSVITSKY.

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SHE'S WITH THE HASTINGS CENTER,

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SHE IS PROFESSOR THEA THE

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UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL AND A

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SENIOR LECTURE ON GLOBAL HEALTH

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AND SOCIAL MEDICINE AT HARVARD

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MEDICAL SCHOOL.

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SHE IS IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT

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AND CURRENT VICE PRESIDENT OF

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THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

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BIOETHICS AND THE DIRECTOR OF

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ETHICS AND HEALTH AT THE CENTER

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FOR RESEARCH ON ETHICS.

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HE'S A FELLOW OF THE PEER

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ELLIOTT TRUDEAU FOUNDATION WHERE

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SHE CHAIRED THE COVID-19 IMPACT

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COMMITTEE AND A FELLOW OF THE

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HASTINGS CENTER.

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DR. RAVITSKY HAS BEEN AWARDED A

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Mc CONNELL UNIVERSITY OF

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MONTREAL RESEARCH CHAIR AWARD

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AND IS THE LEAD CENTER OF

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PENN CENTER GUIDE TO BIOETHICS.

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SHE'S REALLY HERE TODAY BECAUSE

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HER RESEARCH HAS FOCUSED ON

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BIOETHICS ASPECTS OF DISRUPTIVE

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TECHNOLOGIES AND THE DISRUPTIVE

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TECHNOLOGY FOR THIS ERA IS

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WITHOUT A DOUBT AI AND LANGUAGE

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MODELS.

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DR. RAVITSKY HOLDS A BACHELOR'S

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DEGREE IN PHILOSOPHY, AND A

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MASTER'S DEGREE OF PHILOSOPHY

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FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW

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MEXICO.

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SHE COMPLETED HER Ph.D. IN

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PHILOSOPHY, WITH A

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SPECIALIZATION IN BIOETHICS AT

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[INDISCERNIBLE] UNIVERSITY IN

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ISRAEL AND WAS A POST DOCTORAL

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FELLOW AT THE DEPARTMENT OF

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CLINICAL BIOETHICS, RIGHT HERE

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AT THE NIH IN THE SOCIAL AND

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BEHAVIORIAL RESEARCH BRANCH OF

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NHGRI, SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, I

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AM GOING TO TURN THE PODIUM OVER

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TO DR. THORP.

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THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US.

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[ APPLAUSE ]

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00:12:58,377 --> 00:12:59,778
>> THANK YOU NINA AND HELLO

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INTERNET AND IT'S AN HONOR

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00:13:02,715 --> 00:13:04,950
THANKFUL FOR YOU INCLUDING ME

215
00:13:05,017 --> 00:13:06,218
FOR THIS IMPORTANT PROGRAM AND

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00:13:06,285 --> 00:13:08,654
ALWAYS GOOD TO BE AROUND

217
00:13:08,721 --> 00:13:10,823
DR. ARIAS AND THANK YOU FOR ALL

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00:13:10,890 --> 00:13:13,759
YOU'VE DONE AND YOU TOO, NINA,

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THESE THINGS, MANAGING THEM IS

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NOT EASY.

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I KNOW A BIT ABOUT THAT, THANK

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00:13:17,029 --> 00:13:18,597
YOU FOR STEPPING UP AND DOING

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00:13:18,664 --> 00:13:19,899
THIS FOR ALL OF US.

224
00:13:19,965 --> 00:13:21,467
SO LET ME JUST ADD A COUPLE

225
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THINGS ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION,

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SINCE THERE ARE SOME YOUNGER

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00:13:27,106 --> 00:13:27,840
SCIENTISTS HERE AND PROBABLY

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MANY MORE ON THE SCREEN, SO I

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DID DO ALL THOSE EXCITING THINGS

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BUT IT WASN'T A STRAIGHT LINE,

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WHEN I WAS A CHANCELLOR AT THE

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00:13:37,883 --> 00:13:39,518
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, I

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HAD AN IMMENSE AMOUNT OF TROUBLE

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BECAUSE MY SIDE LOST AN

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CERTAINLY--CERTAINLY LEKS AND I

236
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DISCOVERED AN AUTHENTICS SCANDAL

237
00:13:49,795 --> 00:13:51,463
AT THE SAME TIME AND I WAS NOT

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ABLE TO RESOLVE THOSE COMPLETELY

239
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EVEN THOUGH THE SCALPEDDAL

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STARTED WHEN I WAS IN MIDDLE

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SCHOOL, I WAS STILL IN CHARGE

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WHEN IT CAME TO LIGHT, SO I LEFT

243
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CHAPEL HILL AND WENT TO

244
00:14:00,406 --> 00:14:01,607
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN

245
00:14:01,674 --> 00:14:03,842
ST. LOUIS WHERE I WAS A PROVOST

246
00:14:03,909 --> 00:14:06,245
AND I HAD A GREAT TIME.

247
00:14:06,312 --> 00:14:10,282
AND I WAS A RUBICS CUBE CHAMPION

248
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IN THE 1980S WHICH IS A VERY

249
00:14:12,251 --> 00:14:13,953
DIFFERENT THING BUT BEING A

250
00:14:14,019 --> 00:14:15,054
RUBIC CUBE CHAMPION NOW BECAUSE

251
00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:17,323
WE WERE EXCITED WHEN WE COULD DO

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00:14:17,389 --> 00:14:23,229
THE 3 BY 3 IN MAYBE, 30-SECONDS.

253
00:14:23,295 --> 00:14:25,965
NOW, EXCELLENT TIME WOULD BE

254
00:14:26,031 --> 00:14:26,232
5-SECONDS.

255
00:14:26,298 --> 00:14:28,634
SO WHEN I MEET THESE YOUNG KIDS

256
00:14:28,701 --> 00:14:31,103
WHO ARE DOING THIS, SOME OF THEM

257
00:14:31,170 --> 00:14:32,104
THEY'VE STUDIED THE HISTORY AND

258
00:14:32,171 --> 00:14:34,740
THEY'VE HEARD OF ME AND THEY'LL

259
00:14:34,807 --> 00:14:35,808
SAY SOMETHING LIKE YOU'RE 1 OF

260
00:14:35,874 --> 00:14:37,443
THOSE OLD GUYS FROM THE 80S

261
00:14:37,509 --> 00:14:39,211
AFTER THEY STUDY ME AND I SAY

262
00:14:39,278 --> 00:14:40,279
YES, THAT'S CORRECT, I CAN'T DO

263
00:14:40,346 --> 00:14:40,980
WHAT DO YOU.

264
00:14:41,046 --> 00:14:42,147
AND YOU MIGHT ALSO NOTICE THAT

265
00:14:42,214 --> 00:14:44,583
MY HAND MOVE AMS ARE A LITTLE

266
00:14:44,650 --> 00:14:47,786
AWKWARD AND THAT I HAVE A HARD

267
00:14:47,853 --> 00:14:50,623
TIME MODULATING MY VOCAL TONE

268
00:14:50,689 --> 00:14:52,925
AND THAT'S BECAUSE I'M ON THE

269
00:14:52,992 --> 00:14:53,425
AUTISM SPECTRUM.

270
00:14:53,492 --> 00:14:55,527
SO RATHER THAN BEING

271
00:14:55,594 --> 00:14:56,362
SELF-CONSCIOUS ABOUT MODULATING

272
00:14:56,428 --> 00:14:58,697
MY VOCAL TOWN, I WILL FOCUS ON

273
00:14:58,764 --> 00:15:00,933
THE CONTENT INSTEAD, WE NEED

274
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:01,734
MORE NEURODIVERSITY IN SCIENCE

275
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:05,904
AND I'M PROUD TO HELP ADVOCATE

276
00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:08,307
FOR THAT, WE CAN TALK ABOUT THAT

277
00:15:08,374 --> 00:15:09,275
LATER WITH QUESTIONS IF YOU WANT

278
00:15:09,341 --> 00:15:11,277
BUT IN THE MEAN TIME, I HAVE THE

279
00:15:11,343 --> 00:15:13,012
BEST JOB IN ALL OF SCIENCE

280
00:15:13,078 --> 00:15:14,680
BECAUSE RUNNING SCIENCE

281
00:15:14,747 --> 00:15:17,283
MAGAZINE, ALLOWS ME TO DO 3

282
00:15:17,349 --> 00:15:19,385
THINGS, ANY OF WHICH WOULD BE

283
00:15:19,451 --> 00:15:24,623
REALLY EXCITING ON THEIR OWN.

284
00:15:24,690 --> 00:15:26,292
I'M IN CHARGE OF HANDLING

285
00:15:26,358 --> 00:15:27,626
RESEARCH PAPERS AND I WORK WITH

286
00:15:27,693 --> 00:15:29,161
SOME OF THE SMARTEST PEOPLE IN

287
00:15:29,228 --> 00:15:37,903
ALL OF SCIENCE WHO HANDLE OUR

288
00:15:37,970 --> 00:15:39,038
PAPERS, THEY SEE--HERE'S 1 HERE,

289
00:15:39,104 --> 00:15:40,406
I DIDN'T KNOW [INDISCERNIBLE] IS

290
00:15:40,472 --> 00:15:41,874
GOING TO BE HERE, SO THE PERSON

291
00:15:41,940 --> 00:15:44,176
WHO ACTUALLY DOES ALL THE WORK

292
00:15:44,243 --> 00:15:47,379
DOES ALL THE WORK IS HERE.

293
00:15:47,446 --> 00:15:49,748
THIS IS VALL DEVINCENTURE OUR

294
00:15:49,815 --> 00:15:50,349
EXECUTIVE EDITOR.

295
00:15:50,416 --> 00:15:52,251
THE PEOPLE I WORK WITH ARE SOME

296
00:15:52,318 --> 00:15:53,952
OF THE SMARTEST PEOPLE I'VE EVER

297
00:15:54,019 --> 00:15:55,821
WORKED WITH AT ANY INSTITUTION,

298
00:15:55,888 --> 00:15:57,523
THEY KNOW MORE ABOUT SCIENCE

299
00:15:57,589 --> 00:15:59,158
THAN ANYBODY I'VE EVER ACTED

300
00:15:59,224 --> 00:16:00,359
WITH AND THEY WORK EXTREMELY

301
00:16:00,426 --> 00:16:03,996
HARD TO MAKE HUR THAT OUR PAPERS

302
00:16:04,063 --> 00:16:12,204
ARE ACCURATE AND HANDLED FAIRLY

303
00:16:12,271 --> 00:16:14,073
AND IT'S JUST A JOY TO DO GREAT

304
00:16:14,139 --> 00:16:15,674
WORK AND WORK WITH THEM EVERY

305
00:16:15,741 --> 00:16:15,841
DAY.

306
00:16:15,908 --> 00:16:18,077
I ALSO WORK IN THE NEWS

307
00:16:18,143 --> 00:16:18,644
DEPARTMENT, THE SCIENCE

308
00:16:18,711 --> 00:16:20,412
DEPARTMENT HAS THE LARGEST

309
00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:22,348
CONSCIENCE NEWS DIVISION LEFT,

310
00:16:22,414 --> 00:16:23,982
IT'S A TOUGH TIME FOR

311
00:16:24,049 --> 00:16:25,351
YOWRNALLISM AND WE'RE STILL 1 OF

312
00:16:25,417 --> 00:16:27,319
THE FEW PLACES THAT CAN STILL DO

313
00:16:27,386 --> 00:16:28,520
SCIENCE NEWS AT THE SCALE WE DO

314
00:16:28,587 --> 00:16:28,687
IT.

315
00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:30,622
THE WAY IT WORKS WITH NEWS IS

316
00:16:30,689 --> 00:16:32,024
I'M THE BOSS BUT I DON'T GET TO

317
00:16:32,091 --> 00:16:35,394
TELL THEM WHAT TO DO, THAT'S THE

318
00:16:35,461 --> 00:16:40,132
WAY JOURNALISM WORKS IN AMERICA.

319
00:16:40,199 --> 00:16:40,799
THEY'RE EDITORIALLY INDEPENDENT,

320
00:16:40,866 --> 00:16:42,501
WHICH MEANS I CAN TELL THEM

321
00:16:42,568 --> 00:16:44,670
THINGS, THEY USUALLY DON'T TELL

322
00:16:44,737 --> 00:16:47,072
ME STUFF, I DON'T SEE THEIR

323
00:16:47,139 --> 00:16:50,275
STORIES UNTIL THEY GET POSTED,

324
00:16:50,342 --> 00:16:53,112
BUT IF THEY MAKE A MISTAKE OR

325
00:16:53,178 --> 00:16:55,214
HAVE SOME OTHER PROBLEM, I'M THE

326
00:16:55,280 --> 00:16:56,415
1 WHO HAS TO HELP THEM FIGURE

327
00:16:56,482 --> 00:16:57,983
OUT WHAT TO DO WITH ABOUT IT.

328
00:16:58,050 --> 00:16:59,218
BUT IT'S A YOI TO DO THAT

329
00:16:59,284 --> 00:17:01,153
BECAUSE THE WO, THEY DO IS

330
00:17:01,220 --> 00:17:01,453
OUTSTANDING.

331
00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:02,554
AND THEN WE ALSO HAVE THE

332
00:17:02,621 --> 00:17:04,423
COMMENTARY SECTION OF THE

333
00:17:04,490 --> 00:17:06,325
YOWRNAL WHERE I USUALLY WRITE MY

334
00:17:06,392 --> 00:17:08,394
EDITORIAL A COUPLE TIMES A

335
00:17:08,460 --> 00:17:09,762
MONTH, SOMETIMES PEOPLE IN

336
00:17:09,828 --> 00:17:11,764
BUILDING 1 ARE NOT THRILLED WITH

337
00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:14,099
MY EDITORIALS BUT THAT'S THE WAY

338
00:17:14,166 --> 00:17:15,300
YOWRNALLISM WORKS AND SOMETIMES

339
00:17:15,367 --> 00:17:16,769
THEY'RE HAPPY WHEN THEY DO

340
00:17:16,835 --> 00:17:19,304
SOMETHING I THINK IS REALLY

341
00:17:19,371 --> 00:17:20,105
GOOD.

342
00:17:20,172 --> 00:17:21,874
SO, I MONITORED THE NEWS IN

343
00:17:21,940 --> 00:17:24,610
SCIENCE AND TALK ABOUT IT VERY

344
00:17:24,676 --> 00:17:26,011
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF IT AND I

345
00:17:26,078 --> 00:17:27,880
ALWAYS SAY TO PEOPLE WHEN THEY

346
00:17:27,946 --> 00:17:29,648
ASK ME, WHAT'S IT LIKE TO WRITE

347
00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:31,383
A COLUMN EVERY 2 WEEKS, YOU KNOW

348
00:17:31,450 --> 00:17:33,819
HOW DO YOU COME UP WITH THINGS,

349
00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:35,821
I SAY, I DON'T KNOW, YOU DO HAVE

350
00:17:35,888 --> 00:17:37,890
ANY IDEAS FOR NEXT WEEK BECAUSE

351
00:17:37,956 --> 00:17:39,425
EVERY 2 WEEKS I TRY TO COME UP

352
00:17:39,491 --> 00:17:41,960
WITH SOMETHING BUT I WORK WITH

353
00:17:42,027 --> 00:17:43,896
AN OUTSTANDING EDITOR WHO MAKES

354
00:17:43,962 --> 00:17:45,664
ME SOUND REALLY GOOD AND THAT'S

355
00:17:45,731 --> 00:17:47,566
A REAL PRIVILEGE AND SHE RUNS

356
00:17:47,633 --> 00:17:49,568
THE REST OF OUR COMMENTARY

357
00:17:49,635 --> 00:17:51,370
SECTION WHICH I ENJOY IMMENSELY.

358
00:17:51,437 --> 00:17:53,071
SO I WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE

359
00:17:53,138 --> 00:18:00,979
CONTEXT IN WHICH AI HAS KIND OF

360
00:18:01,046 --> 00:18:01,780
COMING TO US.

361
00:18:01,847 --> 00:18:03,081
AND I'M MOSTLY GOING TO TALK

362
00:18:03,148 --> 00:18:04,516
ABOUT USING AI AND PAPERS.

363
00:18:04,583 --> 00:18:06,752
I WILL NOT TALK ABOUT USING AI

364
00:18:06,819 --> 00:18:08,020
AND RESEARCH, THERE'S AMAZING

365
00:18:08,086 --> 00:18:10,823
THINGS GOING ON WITH AI AND

366
00:18:10,889 --> 00:18:17,996
RESEARCH, ESPECIALLY IN PROTEIN

367
00:18:18,063 --> 00:18:19,832
FOLDING AND MATERIAL SCIENCE AND

368
00:18:19,898 --> 00:18:20,966
OF COURSE HELPING PEOPLE CODE

369
00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:25,404
WHICH IS PART OF RESEARCH FOR

370
00:18:25,471 --> 00:18:25,737
SURE.

371
00:18:25,804 --> 00:18:27,773
AND THIS STUFF HAS BEEN GOING

372
00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:32,010
LONG BEFORE THIS KIND OF CRAZY

373
00:18:32,077 --> 00:18:32,444
EXPLOSION HAPPENED.

374
00:18:32,511 --> 00:18:34,446
SO I'M GOING TO FOCUS ON WHAT IT

375
00:18:34,513 --> 00:18:36,548
MEANS THAT AI IS HERE AND WE'RE

376
00:18:36,615 --> 00:18:37,950
TRYING TO PUBLISH JOURNALS AND

377
00:18:38,016 --> 00:18:40,018
HOW WE KIND OF SEE THIS PLAYING

378
00:18:40,085 --> 00:18:41,887
OUT, SO OF COURSE, WE'RE LIVING

379
00:18:41,954 --> 00:18:44,556
THROUGH A TIME WHEN TRUST IN

380
00:18:44,623 --> 00:18:47,292
SCIENCE IS BEING QUESTIONED, THE

381
00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:49,228
GOOD NEWS IS THAT TRUST IN

382
00:18:49,294 --> 00:18:52,865
CONSCIENCE IS ACTUALLY STILL

383
00:18:52,931 --> 00:18:56,068
PRETTY HIGH, 77% OF THE COUNTRY

384
00:18:56,134 --> 00:18:57,135
HAS CONFIDENCE THAT SCIENCE ACTS

385
00:18:57,202 --> 00:18:58,670
IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE

386
00:18:58,737 --> 00:19:00,305
PUBLIC, AND WE'RE DOING A WHOLE

387
00:19:00,372 --> 00:19:02,374
LOT BETTER THAN ELECTED

388
00:19:02,441 --> 00:19:06,411
OFFICIALS, BUSINESS LEADERS

389
00:19:06,478 --> 00:19:07,446
JOURNALISTS, BUT SCIENCE,

390
00:19:07,513 --> 00:19:09,281
THERE'S A PARTIS AN DIVIDE WHEN

391
00:19:09,348 --> 00:19:10,482
IT COMES TO WEATHER SCIENCE

392
00:19:10,549 --> 00:19:12,384
SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN HELPING TO

393
00:19:12,451 --> 00:19:14,887
IMPLEMENT SCIENCE POLICY, SO

394
00:19:14,953 --> 00:19:15,954
CONSERVATIVES TEND TO BELIEVE

395
00:19:16,021 --> 00:19:19,424
MORE THAT WE SHOULD JUST CREATE

396
00:19:19,491 --> 00:19:20,259
EXCELLENT SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

397
00:19:20,325 --> 00:19:23,128
AND LET THEM DECIDE WHAT TO DO

398
00:19:23,195 --> 00:19:25,330
WITH IT AND LIBERALS ARE MORE

399
00:19:25,397 --> 00:19:26,999
OPEN TO THE IDEA TAKEN--THEY WE

400
00:19:27,065 --> 00:19:28,033
SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN HELPING

401
00:19:28,100 --> 00:19:34,606
THEM AND I THINK THIS PARTIS AN

402
00:19:34,673 --> 00:19:35,807
DIVIDE REALLY EXPLAINS A LOT OF

403
00:19:35,874 --> 00:19:37,643
THINGS THAT WE'RE SEEING.

404
00:19:37,709 --> 00:19:40,979
THERE IS A MODEST DROP IN

405
00:19:41,046 --> 00:19:44,716
CONFIDENCE IN SCIENCE AS YOU CAN

406
00:19:44,783 --> 00:19:45,851
SEE IN THIS DIAGRAM BUT IT'S

407
00:19:45,918 --> 00:19:49,788
ABOUT THE SAME AS THE DROP IN

408
00:19:49,855 --> 00:19:50,789
EVERY OTHER INSTITUTION.

409
00:19:50,856 --> 00:19:52,791
SO WE'RE SEEING OVER THE LAST 4

410
00:19:52,858 --> 00:19:54,893
OR 5 YEARS, EVEN RELIGIOUS

411
00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:56,194
LEADERS AND THE MILITARY ARE

412
00:19:56,261 --> 00:19:59,565
SEEING A SLIGHT EROSION IN

413
00:19:59,631 --> 00:20:01,400
TRUST, BUT AND TRUST IN SCIENCE

414
00:20:01,466 --> 00:20:06,038
AS FALLEN OFF ABOUT THE SAME

415
00:20:06,104 --> 00:20:08,941
AMOUNT AND THIS LATEST POLL,

416
00:20:09,007 --> 00:20:10,242
TRUSTED ELECTED OFFICIALS WAS

417
00:20:10,309 --> 00:20:10,776
24%.

418
00:20:10,842 --> 00:20:11,677
SO THAT'S FALLEN THE MOST.

419
00:20:11,743 --> 00:20:13,979
NOW WE ALSO HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF

420
00:20:14,046 --> 00:20:16,214
STUFF GOING ON AROUND SCIENTIFIC

421
00:20:16,281 --> 00:20:17,849
INTEGRITY, AND AGAIN, AI IS

422
00:20:17,916 --> 00:20:19,451
COMING IN THIS MOMENT WHEN

423
00:20:19,518 --> 00:20:22,220
PEOPLE ARE ASKING QUESTIONS

424
00:20:22,287 --> 00:20:23,488
ABOUT WHETHER WE'RE DOING A GOOD

425
00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:28,026
JOB OF TAKING CARE OF THE

426
00:20:28,093 --> 00:20:28,427
SCIENTIFIC RECORD.

427
00:20:28,493 --> 00:20:31,229
THE THING THAT KIND OF KICKED

428
00:20:31,296 --> 00:20:33,098
THIS MOMENT OFF IN THE MEDIA WAS

429
00:20:33,165 --> 00:20:35,534
THE SITUATION AT STANFORD

430
00:20:35,601 --> 00:20:36,335
UNIVERSITY WHERE MARK

431
00:20:36,401 --> 00:20:38,136
[INDISCERNIBLE] WHO WAS THE

432
00:20:38,203 --> 00:20:39,738
PRESIDENT HAD A SITUATION THAT'S

433
00:20:39,805 --> 00:20:42,841
VERY COMMON THAT WE SEE QUITE

434
00:20:42,908 --> 00:20:44,576
FREQUENTLY WHERE THERE WERE SOME

435
00:20:44,643 --> 00:20:46,111
IMAGES IN SOME PAPERS IN HIS LAB

436
00:20:46,178 --> 00:20:49,181
WHEN HE HAD A VERY LARGE LAB WAS

437
00:20:49,247 --> 00:20:50,616
WAS DOING A LOT OF OTHER STUFF

438
00:20:50,682 --> 00:20:52,551
THAT HE DIDN'T CATCH WHEN THEY

439
00:20:52,618 --> 00:20:56,955
PUBLISHED IT AND THEN LATER SLEW

440
00:20:57,022 --> 00:20:59,858
SOME PEOPLE ON PUB PIER, EXPOSED

441
00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:03,528
THESE IMAGES AS HAVING BEEN

442
00:21:03,595 --> 00:21:06,732
MANIPULATED AND UNFORTUNATELY

443
00:21:06,798 --> 00:21:11,069
WHAT HAPPENS FREQUENTLY IN THESE

444
00:21:11,136 --> 00:21:13,405
CASES IS THAT THEN RATHER THAN

445
00:21:13,472 --> 00:21:14,339
SOMEBODY SAYING I CAN BE THE

446
00:21:14,406 --> 00:21:16,541
BELIEVE I MISSED THAT AND

447
00:21:16,608 --> 00:21:17,275
STRAIGHTENING THE WHOLE THING

448
00:21:17,342 --> 00:21:19,077
OUT, A LOT OF DRAMA ENSUED AND

449
00:21:19,144 --> 00:21:21,613
THIS IS VERY, VERY GOOD FOR THE

450
00:21:21,680 --> 00:21:22,214
INVESTIGATIVE YOWRNALLISTS.

451
00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:23,515
BECAUSE AS LONG AS THE

452
00:21:23,582 --> 00:21:26,818
INSTITUTIONS AND THE PI ARE YOU

453
00:21:26,885 --> 00:21:27,986
KNOW BEING DEFENSIVE AND

454
00:21:28,053 --> 00:21:28,854
THROWING UP ROAD BLOCKS IN

455
00:21:28,920 --> 00:21:30,689
EMERGING ITS OF GETTING

456
00:21:30,756 --> 00:21:32,257
INFORMATION AND NOT TALKING TO

457
00:21:32,324 --> 00:21:33,792
REPORTERS, THAT'S JUST AN

458
00:21:33,859 --> 00:21:34,926
INVITATION FOR THE NATIONAL

459
00:21:34,993 --> 00:21:35,761
NEWSPAPERS TO CONTINUE TO WRITE

460
00:21:35,827 --> 00:21:38,630
ABOUT THIS AND IF THEY HAPPEN TO

461
00:21:38,697 --> 00:21:42,634
BE AT A RITZY INTUITION LIKE

462
00:21:42,701 --> 00:21:44,503
STANFORD OR HARVARD WHERE A LOT

463
00:21:44,569 --> 00:21:48,040
THESE THINGS PLAYED OUT, BECAUSE

464
00:21:48,106 --> 00:21:51,309
MOST PEOPLE WHO WORK AT THE

465
00:21:51,376 --> 00:21:53,478
NEW YORK TIMES AND WASHINGTON

466
00:21:53,545 --> 00:21:56,581
POST WENT TO THOSE SCHOOLS, THEY

467
00:21:56,648 --> 00:22:00,185
LIKE TO DO IS PUT THE TICK TOCK,

468
00:22:00,252 --> 00:22:02,154
NOT TIKTOK, THE APP BUT TICK

469
00:22:02,220 --> 00:22:05,357
TOCK WITH SEASON TO WITH WORDS

470
00:22:05,424 --> 00:22:06,758
TO BUILD UP TENSION TO MAKE

471
00:22:06,825 --> 00:22:11,029
PEOPLE RESIGN OR HAVE TO

472
00:22:11,096 --> 00:22:13,198
DO--HAVE THEIR CAREERS  CAREERSD

473
00:22:13,265 --> 00:22:13,498
IN SOME WAY.

474
00:22:13,565 --> 00:22:15,934
OUR VIEW IS WE DON'T NEED ALL

475
00:22:16,001 --> 00:22:19,705
THAT DRAMA, WE WOULD BE HAPPY TO

476
00:22:19,771 --> 00:22:20,939
CORRECT AND RETRACT PAPERS

477
00:22:21,006 --> 00:22:21,506
WHENEVER WE'RE ASKED.

478
00:22:21,573 --> 00:22:24,943
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'RE

479
00:22:25,010 --> 00:22:26,578
DOING, VALL HAS DONE MOST OF THE

480
00:22:26,645 --> 00:22:28,647
WORK ON THIS BUT WE'VE LAUNCHED

481
00:22:28,714 --> 00:22:31,450
AN EFFORT WHERE WE USE THE

482
00:22:31,516 --> 00:22:36,621
PROGRAM PROOF FIG TO FIND ALL

483
00:22:36,688 --> 00:22:37,556
IMAGES AND WE'RE GOING TO TELL

484
00:22:37,622 --> 00:22:39,591
YOU WHY IT'S UNLIKELY WE WILL

485
00:22:39,658 --> 00:22:41,093
POLICE OURSELVES OUT OF THIS

486
00:22:41,159 --> 00:22:42,127
PROBLEM, EVEN AT SCIENCE WHERE

487
00:22:42,194 --> 00:22:47,165
WE ARE VERY SELECTIVE, WE SCREEN

488
00:22:47,232 --> 00:22:50,135
300 PAPERS WITH PROOFIG, BEFORE

489
00:22:50,202 --> 00:22:51,970
WE,A NOUNSED WE WERE DOING IT

490
00:22:52,037 --> 00:22:53,171
AND WE FOUND 10 THAT WERE

491
00:22:53,238 --> 00:22:54,673
PROBLEMATIC AND THIS WAS TOWARDS

492
00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:58,910
THE END WHEN THEY WERE COMING

493
00:22:58,977 --> 00:23:00,078
BACK FROM REVISION:  EIGHT OF

494
00:23:00,145 --> 00:23:01,813
THEM HAD PROBLEMS THAT WE FELT

495
00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:02,547
HAD REASONABLE EXPLANATIONS THAT

496
00:23:02,614 --> 00:23:05,450
COULD BE WORKED OUT AND 2 WE HAD

497
00:23:05,517 --> 00:23:07,018
TO TELL THE AUTHORS THAT WE

498
00:23:07,085 --> 00:23:08,620
WEREN'T GOING TO PUBLISH THEIR

499
00:23:08,687 --> 00:23:09,321
PAPER, RIGHT?

500
00:23:09,387 --> 00:23:11,690
SO IF CONSCIENCE IS GETTING 10

501
00:23:11,757 --> 00:23:15,694
OUT OF 302 OF THOSE ARE SO

502
00:23:15,761 --> 00:23:18,130
FRAUDULENT THAT WE CAN'T PUBLISH

503
00:23:18,196 --> 00:23:20,165
THEM, JUST IMAGINE WHAT IT'S

504
00:23:20,232 --> 00:23:21,800
LIKE AT PLUS OR SCIENTIFIC

505
00:23:21,867 --> 00:23:23,869
REPORTS OR SOME JOURNAL THAT'S A

506
00:23:23,935 --> 00:23:25,904
LOT LARGER WHERE THERE'S A LOT

507
00:23:25,971 --> 00:23:26,471
LESS OVERSIGHT.

508
00:23:26,538 --> 00:23:27,939
SO WE DON'T THINK THAT YOU CAN

509
00:23:28,006 --> 00:23:30,008
JUST CHANGE THE GUIDELINES AND

510
00:23:30,075 --> 00:23:31,777
CHANGE THE RULES AND PROBLEM

511
00:23:31,843 --> 00:23:33,745
PROGRAMS TO GET PROBLEMS LIKE

512
00:23:33,812 --> 00:23:35,247
THIS, INSTEAD WE THINK WE HAVE

513
00:23:35,313 --> 00:23:38,216
TO BE MORE FORTH RIGHT ABOUT

514
00:23:38,283 --> 00:23:43,088
ADMITTING THE FACT THAT THERE

515
00:23:43,155 --> 00:23:44,723
ARE PROBLEMS IN A PAPER AND

516
00:23:44,790 --> 00:23:45,791
KREKING AND RETRACTING THEM AS

517
00:23:45,857 --> 00:23:48,193
QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE WITH AS

518
00:23:48,260 --> 00:23:49,261
LITTLE DRAMA AS POSSIBLE AND IT

519
00:23:49,327 --> 00:23:50,462
IS POSSIBLE TO DO IT THAT WAY,

520
00:23:50,529 --> 00:23:53,031
YOU KNOW IT WAS A BIG--THERE WAS

521
00:23:53,098 --> 00:23:55,700
A BIG SPLASH ABOUT A BUNCH OF

522
00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:57,903
PROBLEMATIC PAPERS AT

523
00:23:57,969 --> 00:23:59,471
DANA-FARBER, BUT MOST OF THEM

524
00:23:59,538 --> 00:24:00,972
HAVE BEEN RETRACTED NOW AND YOU

525
00:24:01,039 --> 00:24:02,474
DON'T EACH REALLY HEAR THAT MUCH

526
00:24:02,541 --> 00:24:04,543
ABOUT THAT ANYMORE BECAUSE THE

527
00:24:04,609 --> 00:24:05,377
DANA-FARBER PEOPLE ALL JUST

528
00:24:05,443 --> 00:24:08,046
SAID, OH THIS IS--WE SHOULD HAVE

529
00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:09,214
CAUGHT THESE AND THEY RETRACTED

530
00:24:09,281 --> 00:24:12,851
THEM ALL AND IT'S OVER.

531
00:24:12,918 --> 00:24:14,820
AND THEY DIDN'T REALLY GIVE THE

532
00:24:14,886 --> 00:24:17,022
JOURNALISTS THAT MUCH NEW STUFF

533
00:24:17,088 --> 00:24:17,255
WRITE.

534
00:24:17,322 --> 00:24:19,124
THEY SAID OH IF PEOPLE WERE OUT

535
00:24:19,191 --> 00:24:21,793
TO GET US, IT WE DIDN'T REALLY

536
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:24,129
DO THIS, OR IT WAS THE POST

537
00:24:24,196 --> 00:24:24,963
DOC'S FAULT AND I DEPARTMENT

538
00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:26,598
KNOW ABOUT IT, THEN THE

539
00:24:26,665 --> 00:24:27,532
NEWSPAPERS WOULD HAVE WRITTEN A

540
00:24:27,599 --> 00:24:29,301
WHOLE LOT MORE ABOUT THIS, SO IF

541
00:24:29,367 --> 00:24:31,269
WE DO PROPERLY, EVEN ELIZABETH

542
00:24:31,336 --> 00:24:32,571
CIBOL IS SOMEBODY WHO CRITICIZED

543
00:24:32,637 --> 00:24:35,674
ME WHEN SHE DOESN'T LIKE WHAT WE

544
00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:37,409
DO, BUT SHE ALSO IS FAIR WHEN WE

545
00:24:37,475 --> 00:24:40,712
DO SOMETHING SHE LIKES, SHE

546
00:24:40,779 --> 00:24:50,355
APPLAUDED THE WAY WE HANDLED THE

547
00:24:50,422 --> 00:24:51,323
MARK TESSIER-LAVINE MATTER.

548
00:24:51,389 --> 00:24:52,591
BUT UNFORT MATILY MOST

549
00:24:52,657 --> 00:24:54,092
INSTITUTIONS DON'T CO THIS

550
00:24:54,159 --> 00:24:56,194
BECAUSE THE ORI GUIDELINES ARE

551
00:24:56,261 --> 00:25:00,165
VERY ELABORATE AS I'M SURE YOU

552
00:25:00,232 --> 00:25:01,199
ALL KNOW WORKING HERE AND

553
00:25:01,266 --> 00:25:05,203
THERE'S QUITE A LOT OF BACK AND

554
00:25:05,270 --> 00:25:06,404
FORTH THAT HAPPENS WITH THE

555
00:25:06,471 --> 00:25:07,439
INSTITUTION AND 1 OF THE WORST

556
00:25:07,505 --> 00:25:10,375
EXAMPLES OF THIS HAS BEEN THIS

557
00:25:10,442 --> 00:25:11,209
SUPER CONDUCTIVITY SCANDAL AT

558
00:25:11,276 --> 00:25:13,044
THE UNIVERSITY OF ROUGH ATOM

559
00:25:13,111 --> 00:25:15,647
CHESTER WHICH YOU KNOW MUCH TO

560
00:25:15,714 --> 00:25:18,083
OUR CHAGRIN AND OUR NEWS

561
00:25:18,149 --> 00:25:19,351
DEPARTMENT NATURE HAS DONE A

562
00:25:19,417 --> 00:25:20,785
GREAT JOB COVERING BUT WE GIVE

563
00:25:20,852 --> 00:25:22,754
THEM CREDIT WHEN THEY WRITE GOOD

564
00:25:22,821 --> 00:25:24,055
NEWS STORIES AND IN THE CASE OF

565
00:25:24,122 --> 00:25:27,158
THIS MATTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF

566
00:25:27,225 --> 00:25:29,761
ROCHESTER WHICH IS IN PHYSICS,

567
00:25:29,828 --> 00:25:32,397
THEY HAD 4 INQUIRIES, THE FIRST

568
00:25:32,464 --> 00:25:34,199
3 THEY CONCLUDED NOTHING WAS

569
00:25:34,266 --> 00:25:35,967
WRONG AND FINALLY ON THE FOURTH

570
00:25:36,034 --> 00:25:37,969
1 THEY DID A MORE THOROUGH

571
00:25:38,036 --> 00:25:38,770
INVESTIGATION ONLY BECAUSE THEY

572
00:25:38,837 --> 00:25:40,972
WERE REQUIRED TO BY THE NSF AND

573
00:25:41,039 --> 00:25:42,641
ONLY THEN DID THEY INTRODUCE THE

574
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:45,410
STUDENTS AND SO, 1 OF THE THINGS

575
00:25:45,477 --> 00:25:49,481
ABOUT THESE MATTERS IS THAT THE

576
00:25:49,547 --> 00:25:50,982
STUDENTS ARE QUITE THE KAICIALTS

577
00:25:51,049 --> 00:25:52,183
WHEN THESE THINGS HAPPEN BECAUSE

578
00:25:52,250 --> 00:25:54,719
IF THERE'S A LOT OF DRAMA THEN

579
00:25:54,786 --> 00:25:55,787
THEIR LAB GETS CALLED INTO

580
00:25:55,854 --> 00:26:00,292
QUESTION AND THEY MAY HAVE

581
00:26:00,358 --> 00:26:01,927
PROBLEMATIC DAT IN THEIR THESIS

582
00:26:01,993 --> 00:26:03,328
AND STUFF LIKE THAT.

583
00:26:03,395 --> 00:26:06,865
SO THIS IS THE STUFF THAT AI IS

584
00:26:06,932 --> 00:26:08,767
COMING INTO, 1 WHERE THERE'S

585
00:26:08,833 --> 00:26:10,101
PUBLIC TRUST IN CONSCIENCE IS

586
00:26:10,168 --> 00:26:11,503
ERODING AND WHERE WE'RE HAVING A

587
00:26:11,569 --> 00:26:17,108
VERY HARD TIME POLICING

588
00:26:17,175 --> 00:26:18,510
OURSELVES AND SO HERE WE GO,

589
00:26:18,576 --> 00:26:20,445
THIS IS A FAMOUS NOW

590
00:26:20,512 --> 00:26:22,847
ILLUSTRATION THAT MADE IT INTO A

591
00:26:22,914 --> 00:26:25,784
PAPER OF A SQUIRREL OR MOUSE

592
00:26:25,850 --> 00:26:26,685
THAT DOESN'T EXIST.

593
00:26:26,751 --> 00:26:31,690
THIS ACTUALLY PASSED ALL THE

594
00:26:31,756 --> 00:26:32,958
PROCESSES, AND GOT INTO A

595
00:26:33,024 --> 00:26:36,995
YOWRNAL BECAUSE IT WAS--SOMEBODY

596
00:26:37,062 --> 00:26:39,364
TOLD 1 OF THESE PROGRAMS TO MAKE

597
00:26:39,431 --> 00:26:41,132
A DIAGRAM OF THE SEX ORGANS OF A

598
00:26:41,199 --> 00:26:42,567
MOUSE AND THIS IS WHAT IT CAME

599
00:26:42,634 --> 00:26:43,735
UP WITH.

600
00:26:43,802 --> 00:26:45,470
AND THE REVIEWERS DIDN'T CATCH

601
00:26:45,537 --> 00:26:46,571
THIS, SO WHEN SOMETHING LIKE

602
00:26:46,638 --> 00:26:49,207
THIS HAPPENS AND THIS IMAGE GETS

603
00:26:49,274 --> 00:26:50,375
CIRCULATED ALL OVER THE INTERNET

604
00:26:50,442 --> 00:26:52,243
THEN IT CAUSES PEOPLE TO LOSE A

605
00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:55,347
LOT OF CONFIDENCE IN SCIENTIFIC

606
00:26:55,413 --> 00:26:55,814
PUBLISHING.

607
00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:57,315
BUT EVEN BEFORE THE DRAWING

608
00:26:57,382 --> 00:27:02,988
PROGRAMS CAME ALONG, WE HAD

609
00:27:03,054 --> 00:27:04,289
CHATGPT AND LARGE LANGUAGE

610
00:27:04,356 --> 00:27:05,490
MODELS WHICH GENERATE TEXT FOR

611
00:27:05,557 --> 00:27:05,857
PAPERS.

612
00:27:05,924 --> 00:27:08,360
WE TOOK A VERY TOUGH STANCE AT

613
00:27:08,426 --> 00:27:12,464
FIRST AND I PUBLISHED THIS

614
00:27:12,530 --> 00:27:15,600
EDITORIAL WHICH I HAVE TO SAY,

615
00:27:15,667 --> 00:27:16,668
IS ALSO ANOTHER INTERESTING

616
00:27:16,735 --> 00:27:20,405
LESSON IN THE WAY SCIENCE WORKS

617
00:27:20,472 --> 00:27:22,307
BECAUSE NORMALLY WHEN I PUBLISH

618
00:27:22,374 --> 00:27:24,209
EDITORIALS, THEY DON'T GET A LOT

619
00:27:24,275 --> 00:27:28,346
OF CITATIONS, THEY ARE INDEXED

620
00:27:28,413 --> 00:27:30,849
ON PUB MED, OCCASIONALLY A

621
00:27:30,915 --> 00:27:32,417
SCIENCE EFTHIMIOSORRIAL OR

622
00:27:32,484 --> 00:27:34,285
SOMEBODY WILL CITE 1 AND I WILL

623
00:27:34,352 --> 00:27:36,688
GET 4 OR 5 CITATIONS ON 1 EMPLOY

624
00:27:36,755 --> 00:27:38,590
I LOOKED UP THIS EDITORIAL WHICH

625
00:27:38,656 --> 00:27:40,558
HAS BEEN OUT FOR A YEAR WHICH

626
00:27:40,625 --> 00:27:43,862
TOOK ME ABOUT 2 HOURS TO WRITE.

627
00:27:43,928 --> 00:27:46,264
IT'S 720 WORDS LONG HAS NO

628
00:27:46,331 --> 00:27:49,801
EQUATIONS OR ANYTHING AND IT

629
00:27:49,868 --> 00:27:52,670
EVEN REFERS TO THE ELSA FROM THE

630
00:27:52,737 --> 00:27:54,572
MOVIE FROZEN AND IT'S BEEN CITED

631
00:27:54,639 --> 00:27:59,110
900 TIMES IN 1 YEAR, I GET THESE

632
00:27:59,177 --> 00:28:00,412
E-MAILS FROM PREDATORY

633
00:28:00,478 --> 00:28:02,814
PUBLISHERS SAYING, YOU'RE THE

634
00:28:02,881 --> 00:28:05,383
MOST HIGHLY CITED AUTHOR IN CHAT

635
00:28:05,450 --> 00:28:06,985
GPT, WILL YOU SEND US A PAPER

636
00:28:07,052 --> 00:28:10,889
FOR OUR SPECIAL ISSUE, I SPENT

637
00:28:10,955 --> 00:28:12,624
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS AND 15 YEARS

638
00:28:12,690 --> 00:28:14,859
OF RESEARCH AND NOW I HAVE MORE

639
00:28:14,926 --> 00:28:15,560
TIARASSIZATIONS THAN ANYTHING ON

640
00:28:15,627 --> 00:28:16,628
THIS ARTICLE EMPLOY BUT WE TOOK

641
00:28:16,694 --> 00:28:17,695
THE STANCE AT THE BEGIN

642
00:28:17,762 --> 00:28:21,566
THAGOREAN WE DIDN'T WANT TO LIVE

643
00:28:21,633 --> 00:28:22,867
THROUGH THE SAME THING WE'RE

644
00:28:22,934 --> 00:28:24,436
LIVING THROUGH WITH BAD IMAGES

645
00:28:24,502 --> 00:28:26,037
WITH BAD WORDS, THAT WE DIDN'T

646
00:28:26,104 --> 00:28:28,039
WANT TO PUBLISH PAPERS WITH TEXT

647
00:28:28,106 --> 00:28:33,845
THAT WAS GENERATED BY CHAT GPT

648
00:28:33,912 --> 00:28:37,549
AND HAVE THE ELIZABETH BIK OF

649
00:28:37,615 --> 00:28:38,983
WORDS, WHOEVER THAT TURNS OUT TO

650
00:28:39,050 --> 00:28:41,486
BE, GO OUT ON PUB PEER AND SAY

651
00:28:41,553 --> 00:28:43,488
THIS IS A BAD PAPER BECAUSE IT

652
00:28:43,555 --> 00:28:45,690
WAS GENERATED BY CHAT GPT IF IT

653
00:28:45,757 --> 00:28:48,193
TURNS OUT THAT'S SOMETHING THAT

654
00:28:48,259 --> 00:28:48,993
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY DOESN'T

655
00:28:49,060 --> 00:28:49,227
ACCEPT.

656
00:28:49,294 --> 00:28:51,129
SO WE TOOK THE POSITION AT THE

657
00:28:51,196 --> 00:28:53,131
BEGINNING THAT THERE WERE TO BE

658
00:28:53,198 --> 00:28:55,233
NO IMAGES WHICH IS THE POSITION

659
00:28:55,300 --> 00:28:58,570
WE TILL HAVE, GENERATED WITH AI,

660
00:28:58,636 --> 00:29:00,071
UNLESS THERE WAS   PERMISSION

661
00:29:00,138 --> 00:29:01,873
FROM THE EDITOR BECAUSE THE AI

662
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:06,945
GENERATED IMAGE WAS PART OF THE

663
00:29:07,011 --> 00:29:10,582
ARTICLE AND ALSO KNOW AI, LLM

664
00:29:10,648 --> 00:29:11,249
GENERATED TEXT.

665
00:29:11,316 --> 00:29:12,617
NOW WE FELT AT THE TIME AND WE

666
00:29:12,684 --> 00:29:14,619
GOT A LOT OF AT THAT TIMIC FROM

667
00:29:14,686 --> 00:29:15,653
PEOPLE WHO SAID, WELL, BUT THIS

668
00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:17,088
CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE WRITING

669
00:29:17,155 --> 00:29:20,091
AND THIS WAS A TOOL THAT WILL

670
00:29:20,158 --> 00:29:22,160
EXPAND THE RATE AT WHICH PEOPLE

671
00:29:22,227 --> 00:29:24,562
CAN PRODUCE PAPERS AND THEY WILL

672
00:29:24,629 --> 00:29:26,097
SPEND LESS TIME WRITING THINGS

673
00:29:26,164 --> 00:29:27,332
UP AND MORE TIME WORKING IN THE

674
00:29:27,398 --> 00:29:29,968
LAB AND TELL BE GOOD FOR PEOPLE

675
00:29:30,034 --> 00:29:32,036
WHOM ENGLISH IS NOT THEIR FIRST

676
00:29:32,103 --> 00:29:33,671
LANGUAGE, AND OUR POSITION WAS

677
00:29:33,738 --> 00:29:37,242
YEAH, BUT WE'VE GOT SKIN IN THE

678
00:29:37,308 --> 00:29:39,444
GAME BECAUSE--AND THE COMMERCIAL

679
00:29:39,511 --> 00:29:40,245
PUBLISHERS HAVE EVEN MORE SKIN

680
00:29:40,311 --> 00:29:42,447
IN THE GAME BECAUSE THEY MAKE

681
00:29:42,514 --> 00:29:46,851
MORE MONEY THE MORE PAPERS THERE

682
00:29:46,918 --> 00:29:47,318
ARE.

683
00:29:47,385 --> 00:29:49,087
SO FOR A PUBLISHER TO SAY, WE'RE

684
00:29:49,154 --> 00:29:50,488
OKAY WITH THIS, WE HAVE A

685
00:29:50,555 --> 00:29:51,556
CONFLICT BECAUSE THE PUBLISHERS

686
00:29:51,623 --> 00:29:53,424
ARE GOING TO GET MORE REVENUE IF

687
00:29:53,491 --> 00:29:57,061
THERE ARE MORE PAPERS SO WE TOOK

688
00:29:57,128 --> 00:29:59,797
THE POSITION THAT WE WERE NOT

689
00:29:59,864 --> 00:30:04,102
GOING TO START ALLOWING THIS

690
00:30:04,169 --> 00:30:05,603
UNTIL OTHER MORE OBLIGATIONS

691
00:30:05,670 --> 00:30:07,872
YECTIVE ENTITIES SAID IT WAS

692
00:30:07,939 --> 00:30:10,208
OKAY TO USE CHAT GPT TO HELP

693
00:30:10,275 --> 00:30:13,945
WRITE YOUR PAPER EMPLOY --PAPER.

694
00:30:14,012 --> 00:30:15,713
SO WE DID THAT 8 MONTHS LATER

695
00:30:15,780 --> 00:30:18,016
AND THIS IS THE PIECE THAT VALL

696
00:30:18,082 --> 00:30:21,786
AND I WROTE SAYING THAT WE SAID

697
00:30:21,853 --> 00:30:24,222
ON THE FIRST GO ROUND WE BELIEVE

698
00:30:24,289 --> 00:30:26,191
IT'S PRUDENT TO WAIT UNTIL WE

699
00:30:26,257 --> 00:30:29,160
HAVE MORE CLARITY FOR USES ON

700
00:30:29,227 --> 00:30:30,228
WHAT THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

701
00:30:30,295 --> 00:30:31,629
WILL FEEL IS   PERMISSIBLE AND

702
00:30:31,696 --> 00:30:34,065
BY THE TIME WE CHANGED THIS AND

703
00:30:34,132 --> 00:30:35,500
LOOSENED UP OUR POLICY A BIT,

704
00:30:35,567 --> 00:30:36,801
THERE HAD ALREADY BEEN A NUMBER

705
00:30:36,868 --> 00:30:39,437
OF SOCIETIES WHO HAD TAKEN THE

706
00:30:39,504 --> 00:30:41,973
INDEPENDENT POSITION THAT THERE

707
00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:44,409
WERE   PERMISSIBLE USES OF CHAT

708
00:30:44,475 --> 00:30:45,577
GPT TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR TEXT

709
00:30:45,643 --> 00:30:46,911
AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

710
00:30:46,978 --> 00:30:48,179
I'M ACTUALLY NOT CONVINCED IT

711
00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:52,684
SAVES YOU THAT MUCH TIME.

712
00:30:52,750 --> 00:30:54,686
I GUESS TIME WILL TELL IF THAT'S

713
00:30:54,752 --> 00:30:56,888
THE CASE, BECAUSE OF COURSE, WE

714
00:30:56,955 --> 00:30:58,890
WOULD ALL ALLOW CHAT GPT TO BE

715
00:30:58,957 --> 00:31:04,128
THE AUTHOR SO IF IT MAKES A

716
00:31:04,195 --> 00:31:05,463
MISTAKE, IT'S ON THE PEOPLE WHO

717
00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:06,998
SIGNED THE AUTHOR FORMS

718
00:31:07,065 --> 00:31:08,399
REGARDLESS OF WHERE IT WAS

719
00:31:08,466 --> 00:31:09,467
GENERATED BY AI OR NOT.

720
00:31:09,534 --> 00:31:10,969
SO THEY'RE JUST AS RESPONSIBLE

721
00:31:11,035 --> 00:31:13,004
FOR THE TEXT THAT'S IN THE PAPER

722
00:31:13,071 --> 00:31:15,106
AS THEY WERE IF THEY WROTE IT

723
00:31:15,173 --> 00:31:15,406
THEMSELVES.

724
00:31:15,473 --> 00:31:17,642
SO DOES IT TAKE MORE TIME TO

725
00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:20,712
WRITE IT YOURSELF, OR TO CHECK

726
00:31:20,778 --> 00:31:22,614
WHAT CHAT GPT WRITES, I GUESS

727
00:31:22,680 --> 00:31:24,482
YOUR MILEAGE WILL VARY ON THAT,

728
00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:27,652
BUT I DO WORRY THAT PLACES THAT

729
00:31:27,719 --> 00:31:29,420
A LOT OF PLACES THAT PUBLISH A

730
00:31:29,487 --> 00:31:32,056
LOT MORE THAN WE DO ARE GOING TO

731
00:31:32,123 --> 00:31:35,393
SEE A LOT OF AI GENERATED PAPERS

732
00:31:35,460 --> 00:31:36,694
AND THERE WILL PROBABLY BE A LOT

733
00:31:36,761 --> 00:31:38,563
OF PROBLEMS IN THERE, AND AS

734
00:31:38,630 --> 00:31:40,531
THOSE PROBLEMS COME UP, THAT'S

735
00:31:40,598 --> 00:31:41,599
GOING TO BOG EVERYBODY DOWN

736
00:31:41,666 --> 00:31:42,634
TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHETHER

737
00:31:42,700 --> 00:31:44,369
WE'RE GOING TO CORRECT THEM OR

738
00:31:44,435 --> 00:31:45,436
RETRACT THEM OR WHAT WE'RE GOING

739
00:31:45,503 --> 00:31:48,339
TO DO WITH THEM, JUST TO GIVE

740
00:31:48,406 --> 00:31:53,778
YOU A WAY OF THINKING ABOUT

741
00:31:53,845 --> 00:31:57,749
THIS, I WOULD SAY, WE PROBABLY

742
00:31:57,815 --> 00:32:00,184
SPEND SAY 25% OF OUR TIME, 25%

743
00:32:00,251 --> 00:32:06,724
OF OUR TIME ON PROBLEM PAPERS.

744
00:32:06,791 --> 00:32:08,359
AND THAT IS A LOT OF TIME WE

745
00:32:08,426 --> 00:32:09,661
COULD SPEND DOING OTHER THINGS

746
00:32:09,727 --> 00:32:12,964
BUT BECAUSE THESE THINGS ARE SO

747
00:32:13,031 --> 00:32:13,698
CONTENTIOUS AND BECAUSE THERE'S

748
00:32:13,765 --> 00:32:16,668
SO MUCH IN THE NEWS ABOUT THEM

749
00:32:16,734 --> 00:32:18,169
AND BECAUSE THE SLEWS AND THE

750
00:32:18,236 --> 00:32:19,904
PEOPLE WHO RAISE QUESTIONS ABOUT

751
00:32:19,971 --> 00:32:21,105
THEM ARE SO INSISTENT AND

752
00:32:21,172 --> 00:32:24,409
BECAUSE THE UNIVERSITIES ARE SO

753
00:32:24,475 --> 00:32:28,046
SLOW AT RESPONDING WE'RE

754
00:32:28,112 --> 00:32:30,114
CONSTANTLY TRYING TO MEDIATE

755
00:32:30,181 --> 00:32:36,120
THIS AND OUR VIEW IS WE DECIDED

756
00:32:36,187 --> 00:32:37,221
TO PUBLISH THE PAPER.

757
00:32:37,288 --> 00:32:38,856
WE PUSH THE BUTTON AND PUBLISHED

758
00:32:38,923 --> 00:32:39,023
IT.

759
00:32:39,090 --> 00:32:40,692
ONCE WE DO THAT, WE'RE

760
00:32:40,758 --> 00:32:43,127
RESPONSIBLE FOR WHETHER IT'S

761
00:32:43,194 --> 00:32:43,761
CORRECTED OR NOT.

762
00:32:43,828 --> 00:32:45,363
YOU KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE,

763
00:32:45,430 --> 00:32:47,465
CRITICS WILL SAY, WELL, NOBODY

764
00:32:47,532 --> 00:32:49,200
WANTS TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR

765
00:32:49,267 --> 00:32:49,400
THESE.

766
00:32:49,467 --> 00:32:50,601
WELL WE'RE HAPPY TO TAKE

767
00:32:50,668 --> 00:32:51,903
RESPONSIBILITY FOR IT, IT'S ON

768
00:32:51,969 --> 00:32:53,538
OUR WEBSITE, WE DECIDED TO

769
00:32:53,604 --> 00:32:54,972
PUBLISH IT, IF IT NEEDS TO BE

770
00:32:55,039 --> 00:32:56,541
CORRECTED IT'S OUR JOB TO DO

771
00:32:56,607 --> 00:33:01,045
THAT BUT WE'VE GOT TO HAVE HELP

772
00:33:01,112 --> 00:33:03,014
FROM THE AUTHORS AND THE

773
00:33:03,081 --> 00:33:05,083
INSTITUTIONS TO DO THAT.

774
00:33:05,149 --> 00:33:07,752
AND SO I HAVE BEEN RAISING A LOT

775
00:33:07,819 --> 00:33:09,287
OF HELL FRANKLY WITH THE

776
00:33:09,354 --> 00:33:10,421
INSTITUTIONS ABOUT THE FACT THAT

777
00:33:10,488 --> 00:33:12,657
THEY'VE GOT TO GET A LOT BETTER

778
00:33:12,724 --> 00:33:16,828
AT RESPONDING TO THIS AND

779
00:33:16,894 --> 00:33:19,030
WHETHER THAT'S BECAUSE OF BAD

780
00:33:19,097 --> 00:33:20,865
IMAGES OR SOMETHING HAPPENS WITH

781
00:33:20,932 --> 00:33:23,968
CHAT GPT OR BECAUSE OF OUTRIGHT

782
00:33:24,035 --> 00:33:25,436
FRAUD, IT DOESN'T MATTER ISSUES

783
00:33:25,503 --> 00:33:27,071
OUR YOB CORPS IS TO MAKE SURE

784
00:33:27,138 --> 00:33:28,606
THAT THE SCIENTIFIC RECORD IS AS

785
00:33:28,673 --> 00:33:30,141
ACCURATE AS WE CAN MAKE IT.

786
00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:32,877
SO I PUBLISHED ANOTHER PIECE AND

787
00:33:32,944 --> 00:33:36,314
I GUESS THIS IS KIND OF OUR

788
00:33:36,381 --> 00:33:40,718
SLOGAN, THAT CORRECTION IS

789
00:33:40,785 --> 00:33:43,221
COURAGEOUS, BECAUSE IF WE CAN

790
00:33:43,287 --> 00:33:44,589
SHOW AND THERE'S ACTUALLY SOCIAL

791
00:33:44,655 --> 00:33:50,762
SCIENCE RESEARCH THAT SUPPORTS

792
00:33:50,828 --> 00:33:51,362
THIS.

793
00:33:51,429 --> 00:33:53,398
THAT YOU CAN OVERCOME THE

794
00:33:53,464 --> 00:33:54,465
PERCEPTION THAT SCIENTISTS ARE

795
00:33:54,532 --> 00:33:56,200
BIASED BECAUSE OF OUR POLITICS

796
00:33:56,267 --> 00:33:57,635
OR BECAUSE WE DON'T DO A GOOD

797
00:33:57,702 --> 00:33:59,036
JOB OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT, CAN

798
00:33:59,103 --> 00:34:00,138
YOU OVERCOME MOST OF THOSE

799
00:34:00,204 --> 00:34:02,440
THINGS IN TERMS OF BUILDING

800
00:34:02,507 --> 00:34:05,843
TRUST IF YOU CAN CONVINCE THE

801
00:34:05,910 --> 00:34:09,380
PUBLIC THAT WE WILL MAKE

802
00:34:09,447 --> 00:34:13,951
AJUSTMENTS AND BE HUMBLE WHEN WE

803
00:34:14,018 --> 00:34:15,219
MAKE A MISTAKE AND IF THE

804
00:34:15,286 --> 00:34:17,989
RESEARCH IS VERY CLEAR ON THAT

805
00:34:18,055 --> 00:34:19,056
BUT THAT ISN'T HAPPENING EVERY

806
00:34:19,123 --> 00:34:22,960
TIME 1 OF THESE MATTERS TURNS

807
00:34:23,027 --> 00:34:24,695
INTO A YIENT MELODRAMA AND SO WE

808
00:34:24,762 --> 00:34:26,664
REALLY HAVE TO HAVE THE

809
00:34:26,731 --> 00:34:27,832
INSTITUTIONS SUPPORT IN DOING

810
00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:30,401
THAT, AND 1 OF THE THINGS QUITE

811
00:34:30,468 --> 00:34:32,537
FRANKLY, I WAS VERY DISMAYED

812
00:34:32,603 --> 00:34:33,805
ABOUT, YOUR COLLEAGUES OVER AT

813
00:34:33,871 --> 00:34:36,474
THE OFFICE OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY

814
00:34:36,541 --> 00:34:40,645
ARE TRYING TO IMPROVE THE

815
00:34:40,711 --> 00:34:41,546
TRANSPARENCY AND THEIR POLICIES

816
00:34:41,612 --> 00:34:45,016
AND ALL OF THE INSTITUTIONS AND

817
00:34:45,082 --> 00:34:46,751
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

818
00:34:46,818 --> 00:34:49,754
UNIVERSITIES AND THE APLU, WHICH

819
00:34:49,821 --> 00:34:52,490
IS THE AMERICAS PUBLIC LAND

820
00:34:52,557 --> 00:34:57,895
GRANT UNIVERSITIES OPPOSED THE

821
00:34:57,962 --> 00:34:59,397
ORI CHANGES WHICH IN MY VIEW,

822
00:34:59,464 --> 00:35:00,798
EVEN IF YOU DON'T LIKE SOME OF

823
00:35:00,865 --> 00:35:05,203
THEM IS JUST THE WORST POSSIBLE

824
00:35:05,269 --> 00:35:07,171
OPTICS WE COULD HAVE, TO HAVE

825
00:35:07,238 --> 00:35:08,239
THE INSTITUTION SAYING THANKS

826
00:35:08,306 --> 00:35:09,540
FOR YOUR TAX MONEY BUOY WOO

827
00:35:09,607 --> 00:35:12,276
DON'T THINK YOU SHOULD HAVE MORE

828
00:35:12,343 --> 00:35:14,212
TRANSPARENCY IN HOW WE MANAGE

829
00:35:14,278 --> 00:35:16,047
RETRACTION ANDS CORRECTIONS WHEN

830
00:35:16,113 --> 00:35:16,414
THEY HAPPEN.

831
00:35:16,481 --> 00:35:19,016
SO THIS IS A REALLY IMPORTANT

832
00:35:19,083 --> 00:35:21,252
THING FOR US ALL AND AI ARRIVING

833
00:35:21,319 --> 00:35:31,829
NOW IS ONLY GOING TO MAKE THIS

834
00:35:33,297 --> 00:35:33,798
EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.

835
00:35:33,865 --> 00:35:35,967
OKAY, SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW I HAD

836
00:35:36,033 --> 00:35:39,604
AN INTERESTING WOWEEKS A COUPLE

837
00:35:39,670 --> 00:35:42,373
MONTHS AGO BEFORE TESTIFYING ON

838
00:35:42,440 --> 00:35:44,375
THE SUBMITEE CORONA VIRUS, I WAS

839
00:35:44,442 --> 00:35:47,378
TALKING ABOUT E-MAILS BETWEEN ME

840
00:35:47,445 --> 00:35:48,579
AND ESERVERS BETWEEN HERE AND

841
00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:49,914
METHESTIMATE THAD DAILY BASIS AS

842
00:35:49,981 --> 00:35:54,719
YOU ALL KNOW YOU WRITE FOIA-ABLE

843
00:35:54,785 --> 00:35:57,255
E-MAILS, I DO TOO SO I DON'T

844
00:35:57,321 --> 00:35:58,990
WRITE ANY E-MAILS THAT YOU THAT

845
00:35:59,056 --> 00:36:00,525
I DON'T EXPECT TO BECOME A

846
00:36:00,591 --> 00:36:02,727
PUBLIC RECORD AND ALL THE

847
00:36:02,793 --> 00:36:04,829
E-MAILS I HAD WITH FRANCIS

848
00:36:04,896 --> 00:36:07,565
COLLINS AND TONY FAUCI, WERE RED

849
00:36:07,632 --> 00:36:08,299
IN CONGRESS.

850
00:36:08,366 --> 00:36:13,170
THEY WERE TRYING TO PROVE THAT

851
00:36:13,237 --> 00:36:17,942
SOMEHOW PROVED THAT I WAS TRYING

852
00:36:18,009 --> 00:36:20,578
TO ENCOURAGE YOU FOR RESEARCH IN

853
00:36:20,645 --> 00:36:21,646
THE CORONA VIRUS, AND THEY

854
00:36:21,712 --> 00:36:24,715
WANTED ME TO TELL THEM UNDER

855
00:36:24,782 --> 00:36:27,485
OATH AND I WAS ALSO ABLE TO

856
00:36:27,552 --> 00:36:28,719
EXPLAIN AND LANCET AND NATURE

857
00:36:28,786 --> 00:36:30,555
WERE CALLED IN, THEY DECIDED NOT

858
00:36:30,621 --> 00:36:35,259
TO COME IN FAIRNESS THEY'RE IN

859
00:36:35,326 --> 00:36:36,494
ENGLAND SO 1 PERSON SAID WOULD

860
00:36:36,561 --> 00:36:37,929
YOU GO TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS IF

861
00:36:37,995 --> 00:36:40,031
YOU WERE CALLED TO TESTIFY THERE

862
00:36:40,097 --> 00:36:41,098
AND THOUGHT YEAH, WHY WOULDN'T I

863
00:36:41,165 --> 00:36:43,601
GO TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS THAT

864
00:36:43,668 --> 00:36:45,303
SOUNDS PRETTY EXSIGHING, THAT'S

865
00:36:45,369 --> 00:36:46,837
THE 1 WHERE THEY YELL AT EACH

866
00:36:46,904 --> 00:36:47,905
OTHER THE WHOLE TIME.

867
00:36:47,972 --> 00:36:50,441
SO YES, I WOULD PROBABLY GO DO

868
00:36:50,508 --> 00:36:50,641
THAT.

869
00:36:50,708 --> 00:36:53,644
BUT THE NICE THING WAS I WAS

870
00:36:53,711 --> 00:36:55,379
ABLE TO EXPLAIN A LOT ABOUT

871
00:36:55,446 --> 00:36:57,048
EVERYTHING WE DO AND 1 THING'S

872
00:36:57,114 --> 00:37:00,685
FOR SURE, THE MEMBERS OF THAT

873
00:37:00,751 --> 00:37:02,386
COMMITTEE DID NOT UNDERSTAND THE

874
00:37:02,453 --> 00:37:03,321
EXTRAORDINARY AMOUNT OF WORK

875
00:37:03,387 --> 00:37:06,524
THAT WE DO TO GO FROM A

876
00:37:06,591 --> 00:37:07,692
SUBMITTED PAPER TO SOME THINGS

877
00:37:07,758 --> 00:37:09,860
IN THE RECORD AND WHAT THEY

878
00:37:09,927 --> 00:37:11,362
REALLY DIDN'T KNOW WAS WHAT WE

879
00:37:11,429 --> 00:37:14,365
DO AFTER THE PAPER IS PUBLISHED

880
00:37:14,432 --> 00:37:16,667
AND SO, I WAS ABLE TO TELL THEM

881
00:37:16,734 --> 00:37:18,736
BECAUSE YOU KNOW YOU HEAR PEOPLE

882
00:37:18,803 --> 00:37:20,271
NOW SAY LET'S GET RID OF

883
00:37:20,338 --> 00:37:23,674
YOWRNALS BECAUSE WE DON'T NEED

884
00:37:23,741 --> 00:37:25,209
THE JOURNALS, INFORMATION CAN

885
00:37:25,276 --> 00:37:26,043
JUST GOOT INTERNET, IT'S NOT

886
00:37:26,110 --> 00:37:28,245
LIKE IN THE OLD DAYS WHEN THE

887
00:37:28,312 --> 00:37:29,847
YOWRNAL'S MAIN ROLE WAS TO PRINT

888
00:37:29,914 --> 00:37:33,250
THE YOWRNALS AND PUT THEM IN THE

889
00:37:33,317 --> 00:37:34,218
LIBRARY BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL

890
00:37:34,285 --> 00:37:35,820
THINGS THAT WE DO THAT ARE

891
00:37:35,886 --> 00:37:36,520
REALLY IMPORTANT.

892
00:37:36,587 --> 00:37:38,456
OF COURSE 1 OF THEM IS RUP THE

893
00:37:38,522 --> 00:37:40,891
PEER REVIEW PROCESS, AND PLENTY

894
00:37:40,958 --> 00:37:42,026
OF CRITICS OR JOURNALS ARE

895
00:37:42,093 --> 00:37:43,894
TRYING TO IPT GREATER VENT THEIR

896
00:37:43,961 --> 00:37:45,563
OWN WAYS OF DOING THAT, WE WILL

897
00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:46,897
SEE IF THEY ARE SUCCESSFUL AT

898
00:37:46,964 --> 00:37:51,369
THAT, BUT THE OTHER THING WE DO,

899
00:37:51,435 --> 00:37:55,206
THAT IS ABSOLUTELY CRUCIAL IS WE

900
00:37:55,272 --> 00:37:56,607
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR WHAT IS

901
00:37:56,674 --> 00:37:58,109
PUBLISHED AND IF THERE'S A

902
00:37:58,175 --> 00:38:01,178
PROBLEM AFTER THE FACT, THEN WE

903
00:38:01,245 --> 00:38:07,318
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THAT AND

904
00:38:07,385 --> 00:38:08,653
I SNEAKED A PEEK AT 1 OF THE

905
00:38:08,719 --> 00:38:10,388
QUESTIONS THAT CHRIS HAD ON HIS

906
00:38:10,454 --> 00:38:11,088
SCREEN, WE ALSO TAKE

907
00:38:11,155 --> 00:38:12,256
RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL THE DATA

908
00:38:12,323 --> 00:38:17,461
AND CODE THAT HAVE TO BE POSTED

909
00:38:17,528 --> 00:38:19,363
TO GO ALONG WITH THE PAPER.

910
00:38:19,430 --> 00:38:22,099
SO IF JOURNALS DON'T DO THAT, IF

911
00:38:22,166 --> 00:38:23,034
THE JOURNALS DON'T TAKE

912
00:38:23,100 --> 00:38:23,768
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CODE AND

913
00:38:23,834 --> 00:38:27,004
ALL OF THAT AND THE DATA AND FOR

914
00:38:27,071 --> 00:38:28,072
MAINTAINING THE PAPER, WHO ARE

915
00:38:28,139 --> 00:38:30,374
YOU GOING TO WRITE TO WHEN YOU

916
00:38:30,441 --> 00:38:33,110
HAVE A PROBLEM WITH A PAPER WHEN

917
00:38:33,177 --> 00:38:34,912
YOU KNOW THAT THE AUTHORS AND

918
00:38:34,979 --> 00:38:37,448
THE INSTITUTIONS ARE UNLIKELY TO

919
00:38:37,515 --> 00:38:43,320
BE RESPONSIVE AND SO, I WAS ABLE

920
00:38:43,387 --> 00:38:43,921
TO EXPLAIN THAT.

921
00:38:43,988 --> 00:38:45,790
I DON'T KNOW IF THEY LISTENED

922
00:38:45,856 --> 00:38:47,625
BUT IT'S AT LEAST IN THE

923
00:38:47,692 --> 00:38:48,292
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD NOW,

924
00:38:48,359 --> 00:38:49,827
SOMEBODY WANTS TO READ IT 1 DAY,

925
00:38:49,894 --> 00:38:53,297
SO IT WAS AN HONOR TO GO

926
00:38:53,364 --> 00:38:56,200
REPRESENT MY COLLEAGUES IN

927
00:38:56,267 --> 00:38:58,069
CONGRESS AND TO EXPLAIN HOW THIS

928
00:38:58,135 --> 00:38:58,436
WORKS.

929
00:38:58,502 --> 00:39:00,838
AND I GUESS MY MESSAGE HERE AT

930
00:39:00,905 --> 00:39:04,041
THE END WOULD BE, AND WE CAN

931
00:39:04,108 --> 00:39:05,009
TALK MORE ABOUT AI IN THE

932
00:39:05,076 --> 00:39:06,944
QUESTIONS AND I'M SURE THE OTHER

933
00:39:07,011 --> 00:39:08,112
SPEAKER WHO'S MUCH MORE

934
00:39:08,179 --> 00:39:09,080
KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT IT WILL HAVE

935
00:39:09,146 --> 00:39:11,148
A LOT MORE TO SAY ABOUT THAT BUT

936
00:39:11,215 --> 00:39:16,587
MY MESSAGE WOULD BE THAT WE HAVE

937
00:39:16,654 --> 00:39:19,323
AN ENORMOUS RESPONSIBILITY TO

938
00:39:19,390 --> 00:39:20,858
MAINTAIN AN EXCELLENT SCIENTIFIC

939
00:39:20,925 --> 00:39:23,861
RECORD THAT CAN STAND THE TEST

940
00:39:23,928 --> 00:39:26,697
OF TIME AND WE ARE ALL CALLED

941
00:39:26,764 --> 00:39:28,532
TOGETHER TO DO THAT AND TO

942
00:39:28,599 --> 00:39:32,937
EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF IT

943
00:39:33,003 --> 00:39:34,071
WHICH FRANKLY WE'VE DONE A

944
00:39:34,138 --> 00:39:36,107
PRETTY LOUSY YOB CORPS OF TR THE

945
00:39:36,173 --> 00:39:37,708
LAST 50 YEARS OR SO.

946
00:39:37,775 --> 00:39:40,578
SO WITH THEY WILL OF COURSE PLUG

947
00:39:40,644 --> 00:39:42,079
OUR NEWS LETTER, HOPEFULLY

948
00:39:42,146 --> 00:39:44,949
EVERYBODY HERE IS GETTING

949
00:39:45,015 --> 00:39:46,817
SCIENCE ADVISOR, THE NEW LETTER

950
00:39:46,884 --> 00:39:47,985
FROM SCIENCE, THERE'S A QR CODE

951
00:39:48,052 --> 00:39:49,520
IF YOU WANT TO TAKE A PICTURE

952
00:39:49,587 --> 00:39:52,623
BUT YOU SHOULD BE ANNOYED

953
00:39:52,690 --> 00:39:54,024
WITHADS ON OUR WEBSITE WHEN YOU

954
00:39:54,091 --> 00:39:56,794
COME TO IT SO PLEASE SIGN UP FOR

955
00:39:56,861 --> 00:39:58,629
SCIENCE ADVISOR, GREAT RUN DOWN

956
00:39:58,696 --> 00:40:00,731
OF THE NEWS IN CONSCIENCE AND WE

957
00:40:00,798 --> 00:40:01,799
HAVE A REALLY GREAT PERSON WHO

958
00:40:01,866 --> 00:40:03,234
WRITE ITS AND MAKE ITS

959
00:40:03,300 --> 00:40:05,069
INCREDIBLY FUN AND I GET TO WORK

960
00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:05,770
WITH EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE EMPLOY

961
00:40:05,836 --> 00:40:11,542
HERE IS OUR TEAM OF EDITORS, OF

962
00:40:11,609 --> 00:40:14,645
SCIENCE PLUS OUR OTHER JOURNALS,

963
00:40:14,712 --> 00:40:16,380
THESE PEOPLE ARE OUTSTANDING

964
00:40:16,447 --> 00:40:18,816
COLLEAGUES WHO WORK TIRELESSLY

965
00:40:18,883 --> 00:40:22,319
TO MAKE SURE THAT WHAT WE BRING

966
00:40:22,386 --> 00:40:24,889
YOU IS ACCURATE AND IMPORTANT

967
00:40:24,955 --> 00:40:27,591
AND IT'S AN HONOR TO SEE THEM DO

968
00:40:27,658 --> 00:40:28,058
THAT EVERY DAY.

969
00:40:28,125 --> 00:40:32,963
THIS IS THE TEAM THAT MAKES SURE

970
00:40:33,030 --> 00:40:34,265
THAT THESE--OUR PAPERS ARE

971
00:40:34,331 --> 00:40:35,866
COVERED ACCURATELY BY THE NEWS

972
00:40:35,933 --> 00:40:40,604
MEDIA BECAUSE AS MUCH AS WE

973
00:40:40,671 --> 00:40:43,274
PROBABLY THINK SCIENCE HAS A

974
00:40:43,340 --> 00:40:45,009
VERY--A LOT OF WATTAGE, THE

975
00:40:45,075 --> 00:40:46,677
TRUTH IS MOST PEOPLE DON'T READ

976
00:40:46,744 --> 00:40:48,179
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS BUT A LOT OF

977
00:40:48,245 --> 00:40:50,114
PEOPLE READ NEWS STORIES ABOUT

978
00:40:50,181 --> 00:40:51,615
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND SO MAKING

979
00:40:51,682 --> 00:40:53,584
SURE THAT THOSE ARE ACCURATE AND

980
00:40:53,651 --> 00:40:56,187
AS WIDE SPREAD AS POSSIBLE IS

981
00:40:56,253 --> 00:40:58,155
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING THAT

982
00:40:58,222 --> 00:41:00,958
SCIENCE AND THE AAAS DO TO HELP

983
00:41:01,025 --> 00:41:02,226
THE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF

984
00:41:02,293 --> 00:41:03,561
SCIENCE AND I HOPE YOU ALSO

985
00:41:03,627 --> 00:41:05,162
ADPREE THAT CONSCIENCE IS THE

986
00:41:05,229 --> 00:41:05,996
MOST BEAUTIFUL YOWRNAL IN THE

987
00:41:06,063 --> 00:41:08,399
WORLD AND HAS THE MOST

988
00:41:08,465 --> 00:41:12,469
ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES AND THIS IS

989
00:41:12,536 --> 00:41:13,437
THE RELATIVELY LARGE TEAM THAT

990
00:41:13,504 --> 00:41:17,441
IT TAKES TO MAKE ALL THOSE

991
00:41:17,508 --> 00:41:19,577
MAGNIFICENT ILITRATIONS AND

992
00:41:19,643 --> 00:41:20,311
BEAUTIFUL COVERS AND EVERYTHING

993
00:41:20,377 --> 00:41:22,613
THAT YOU GET TO SEE EVERY WEEK

994
00:41:22,680 --> 00:41:27,084
IN OUR MAGAZINE  MAGAZINE.

995
00:41:27,151 --> 00:41:28,719
SO IT'S REALLY AN HONOR TO BE

996
00:41:28,786 --> 00:41:29,887
PART OF THIS EXTRAORDINARY

997
00:41:29,954 --> 00:41:30,754
SERIES THAT'S RUN FOR ALL THIS

998
00:41:30,821 --> 00:41:33,524
TIME AND I LOOK FORWARD TO THE

999
00:41:33,591 --> 00:41:34,458
DISCUSSION AFTERWARD ANDS

1000
00:41:34,525 --> 00:41:36,093
ESPECIALLY THE TALK FOR THE NEXT

1001
00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:46,537
SPEAKER, SO THANK YOU ALL VERY

1002
00:41:46,604 --> 00:41:46,804
MUCH.

1003
00:41:46,871 --> 00:41:56,747
[ APPLAUSE ]

1004
00:41:56,814 --> 00:41:59,884
NTHANK --

1005
00:41:59,950 --> 00:42:01,185
>> THANK YOU SO UPON FOR

1006
00:42:01,252 --> 00:42:02,453
INVITING ME TO SHARE SOME

1007
00:42:02,519 --> 00:42:03,654
THOUGHTS WITH YOU EMPLOY I HOPE

1008
00:42:03,721 --> 00:42:07,625
MY SLIDES ARE SHOWING UP OKAY

1009
00:42:07,691 --> 00:42:08,926
AND THANK YOU FOR THE KIND

1010
00:42:08,993 --> 00:42:10,361
INTRODUCTION AND THANK YOU FOR

1011
00:42:10,427 --> 00:42:11,729
THIS FASCINATING TALK AND I LOVE

1012
00:42:11,795 --> 00:42:14,765
IT SO MUCH AND I LOVE THE STORY

1013
00:42:14,832 --> 00:42:17,034
ABOUT THE OPED BEING CITED 900

1014
00:42:17,101 --> 00:42:17,501
TIMES.

1015
00:42:17,568 --> 00:42:20,671
THE IRONY OF OUR PROFESSION

1016
00:42:20,738 --> 00:42:20,905
TIMES.

1017
00:42:20,971 --> 00:42:23,974
I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU

1018
00:42:24,041 --> 00:42:26,343
SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT THE

1019
00:42:26,410 --> 00:42:29,213
BIOETHICS LITERATURE THAT IS

1020
00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:32,116
QUICKLY EMERGING IN RESPONSE TO

1021
00:42:32,182 --> 00:42:34,852
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AI IN

1022
00:42:34,919 --> 00:42:36,320
HEALTHCARE AND IN BIOMEDICAL

1023
00:42:36,387 --> 00:42:40,124
RESEARCH WHICH HAS MANY ETHICAL

1024
00:42:40,190 --> 00:42:41,058
IMPLICATIONS AND WILL TOUCH

1025
00:42:41,125 --> 00:42:43,160
QUICKLY ON THE MAIN 1S IN ORDER

1026
00:42:43,227 --> 00:42:46,430
TO FEED INTO THE DISCUSSION.

1027
00:42:46,497 --> 00:42:47,665
THE FIRST THING I WILL LIKE TO

1028
00:42:47,731 --> 00:42:53,938
POINT OUT IS THAT THE NATIONAL

1029
00:42:54,004 --> 00:42:55,773
ACADEMY OF MEDICINE HAS AN

1030
00:42:55,839 --> 00:42:57,942
INITIATIVE TO DEVELOP A CODE OF

1031
00:42:58,008 --> 00:43:00,911
CONDUCT THAT WILL GUIDE THE USE

1032
00:43:00,978 --> 00:43:04,548
OF AI IN HEALTHCARE ACROSS EVERY

1033
00:43:04,615 --> 00:43:07,751
ASPECT OF OUR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM.

1034
00:43:07,818 --> 00:43:11,922
THERE'S A STEERING COMMITTEE

1035
00:43:11,989 --> 00:43:13,691
THAT STEERS THIS EFFORT, I'M

1036
00:43:13,757 --> 00:43:17,127
HONORED TO BE A MEMBER OF IT AND

1037
00:43:17,194 --> 00:43:19,196
WE CURRENTLY HAVE AN INITIAL

1038
00:43:19,263 --> 00:43:21,799
DOCUMENT FOR WHICH WE'RE

1039
00:43:21,865 --> 00:43:22,766
INVITING COMMENTS.

1040
00:43:22,833 --> 00:43:24,234
YOU CAN FIND IT IN THE LIRNG

1041
00:43:24,301 --> 00:43:26,904
THEY PUT ON THE SCREEN, THIS IS

1042
00:43:26,971 --> 00:43:29,873
REALLY A NATIONAL EFFORT WITH A

1043
00:43:29,940 --> 00:43:32,543
HOPE TO INSPIRE ALSO THE

1044
00:43:32,609 --> 00:43:34,411
RESPONSIBLE AND WISE AND

1045
00:43:34,478 --> 00:43:38,382
CAUTIOUS IMPLEMENTATION OF AI

1046
00:43:38,449 --> 00:43:38,649
GLOBALLY.

1047
00:43:38,716 --> 00:43:40,484
SO IT'S REALLY INTERESTING TO

1048
00:43:40,551 --> 00:43:42,219
NOTE THAT THESE--THE ISSUES THAT

1049
00:43:42,286 --> 00:43:44,855
I WILL DISCUSS TODAY ARE BEING

1050
00:43:44,922 --> 00:43:47,591
ADDRESSED AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL.

1051
00:43:47,658 --> 00:43:50,027
SO WHEN I TAKE A VERY HIGH LEVEL

1052
00:43:50,094 --> 00:43:55,599
VIEW OF THE BIOETHICS LITERATURE

1053
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:57,334
ON AI IN HEALTH, HERE ARE SOME

1054
00:43:57,401 --> 00:43:59,970
OF THE THEMES THAT EMERGE AND I

1055
00:44:00,037 --> 00:44:01,672
WILL DIVIDE THEM BETWEEN THE

1056
00:44:01,739 --> 00:44:03,207
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AND SYSTEMIC

1057
00:44:03,273 --> 00:44:05,309
LEVEL TO TRY TO PUT ORDER IN

1058
00:44:05,376 --> 00:44:09,780
THIS RICHNESS OF CHALLENGES THAT

1059
00:44:09,847 --> 00:44:10,581
WE'RE SEEING ARISING.

1060
00:44:10,647 --> 00:44:15,552
AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, WHEN WE

1061
00:44:15,619 --> 00:44:19,390
USE AI TOOLS IN PATIENT CARE,

1062
00:44:19,456 --> 00:44:21,825
FOR EXAMPLE, IF WE'RE RECORDING

1063
00:44:21,892 --> 00:44:24,695
THE CLINICAL ENCOUNTER, THEN

1064
00:44:24,762 --> 00:44:25,796
ALLOWING GENERATIVE AI TO

1065
00:44:25,863 --> 00:44:28,298
GENERATE THE CLINICAL NOTES IN

1066
00:44:28,365 --> 00:44:30,267
ORDER TO SAVE CLINICIANS A LOT

1067
00:44:30,334 --> 00:44:32,936
OF TIME AND THAT'S JUST 1

1068
00:44:33,003 --> 00:44:35,139
EXAMPLE OF COURSE, WE CAN USE AI

1069
00:44:35,205 --> 00:44:37,041
NOT JUST GENERATIVE ARK I, WE

1070
00:44:37,107 --> 00:44:39,243
CAN USE ALGORITHMS TO READ

1071
00:44:39,309 --> 00:44:41,245
IMAGES, THAT'S PROBABLY THE MOST

1072
00:44:41,311 --> 00:44:44,348
ADVANCED USE OF AI IN CLINICAL

1073
00:44:44,415 --> 00:44:45,516
CARE TODAY, THERE ARE MULTIPLE

1074
00:44:45,582 --> 00:44:46,683
USES THAT ARE ALREADY HITTING

1075
00:44:46,750 --> 00:44:48,519
THE GROUND AS WE SPEAK.

1076
00:44:48,585 --> 00:44:51,522
SO 1 OF THE ISSUES THAT EMERGE

1077
00:44:51,588 --> 00:44:54,324
IS DO PATIENTS HAVE A RIGHT TO

1078
00:44:54,391 --> 00:44:56,960
KNOW, THAT AI IS INVOLVED IN

1079
00:44:57,027 --> 00:44:59,063
THEIR CARE AND IN THE FUTURE

1080
00:44:59,129 --> 00:45:00,831
MAYBE AI WILL BE SO EMBEDDED

1081
00:45:00,898 --> 00:45:03,300
INTO OUR SYSTEMS AND HOSPITALS

1082
00:45:03,367 --> 00:45:05,235
AND CLINICS THAT CLINICIANS WILL

1083
00:45:05,302 --> 00:45:08,272
HAVE TO BE INFORMED THAT AI IS

1084
00:45:08,338 --> 00:45:10,140
INVOLVED IN THE DELIVERY OF

1085
00:45:10,207 --> 00:45:11,842
CARE, SO WHAT DOES THAT MEAN,

1086
00:45:11,909 --> 00:45:17,081
THE RIGHT TO KNOW, SHOULD EVERY

1087
00:45:17,147 --> 00:45:17,915
PATIENT GIVE INFORMED CONSENT

1088
00:45:17,981 --> 00:45:24,721
FOR EVERY USE OF AI IN THEIR

1089
00:45:24,788 --> 00:45:25,055
CARE?

1090
00:45:25,122 --> 00:45:26,757
IS INFORMED CONSENT ENOUGH?

1091
00:45:26,824 --> 00:45:28,492
AND WHAT DOES IT INCLUDE IN

1092
00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,961
SHOULD THEY KNOW WHAT AI TOOL?

1093
00:45:31,028 --> 00:45:32,362
HOW THE ALGORITHM WAS DEVELOPED?

1094
00:45:32,429 --> 00:45:34,932
WHAT DATA IT WAS TESTED ON?

1095
00:45:34,998 --> 00:45:39,136
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE INFORMED

1096
00:45:39,203 --> 00:45:40,337
ENOUGH TO GIVE CONSENT WHEN

1097
00:45:40,404 --> 00:45:42,072
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THE USE OF

1098
00:45:42,139 --> 00:45:45,309
AI IN YOUR OWN CARE?

1099
00:45:45,375 --> 00:45:47,778
AND WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE

1100
00:45:47,845 --> 00:45:50,080
STANDARD OF CARE SWITCHES FROM

1101
00:45:50,147 --> 00:45:52,449
NOT USING AI AND YOU SHOULD BE

1102
00:45:52,516 --> 00:45:54,618
TOLD IF IT IS USED TO USING IT

1103
00:45:54,685 --> 00:45:59,089
AND IF IT'S NOT USED, YOU SHOULD

1104
00:45:59,156 --> 00:46:01,625
CONSENT TO GETTING ONLY HUMAN

1105
00:46:01,692 --> 00:46:01,825
CARE.

1106
00:46:01,892 --> 00:46:03,961
SO MAYBE AROUND THE CORNER IS A

1107
00:46:04,027 --> 00:46:07,731
NEW CLINICAL REALITY WHERE WE'RE

1108
00:46:07,798 --> 00:46:09,032
EXPECTING AI TO DELIVER A PART

1109
00:46:09,099 --> 00:46:11,835
OF OUR CARE, BE INVOLVED IN THE

1110
00:46:11,902 --> 00:46:13,036
ASSPECS OF OUR CARE AND WE HAVE

1111
00:46:13,103 --> 00:46:16,340
A RIGHT TO KNOW WHEN IT IS NOT

1112
00:46:16,406 --> 00:46:16,740
INVOLVED.

1113
00:46:16,807 --> 00:46:21,678
WHEN DO WE KNOW THAT THAT SWITCH

1114
00:46:21,745 --> 00:46:21,945
OCCURRED.

1115
00:46:22,012 --> 00:46:23,113
ANOTHER CONCERN I'M SEEING IN

1116
00:46:23,180 --> 00:46:24,114
THE LITERATURE IS THE NOTION IF

1117
00:46:24,181 --> 00:46:28,051
I GO BACK TO THAT EXAMPLE OF A

1118
00:46:28,118 --> 00:46:30,020
RECORDING OF THE CLINICAL

1119
00:46:30,087 --> 00:46:34,858
CONVERSATION AND AI TAKING

1120
00:46:34,925 --> 00:46:35,092
NOTES.

1121
00:46:35,159 --> 00:46:39,796
AT WHAT POINT DO WE IDENTIFY

1122
00:46:39,863 --> 00:46:41,665
CLINICIANS OVER RELIANCE ON

1123
00:46:41,732 --> 00:46:43,901
GENERATIVE ARK I.

1124
00:46:43,967 --> 00:46:45,135
CLINICIANS SO FAR ARE VERY

1125
00:46:45,202 --> 00:46:47,037
EXCITED ABOUT THESE TOOLS, THEY

1126
00:46:47,104 --> 00:46:48,972
SAVE TIME, SOMETIMES THE TEDIOUS

1127
00:46:49,039 --> 00:46:50,641
TASK AT THE END OF A MEETING OR

1128
00:46:50,707 --> 00:46:56,947
AT THE END OF A DAY OF TAKING

1129
00:46:57,014 --> 00:46:58,482
NOTES IT ALLEGEDLY ALLOWS YOU TO

1130
00:46:58,549 --> 00:46:59,883
FOCUS MORE ON HUMAN INTERACTION

1131
00:46:59,950 --> 00:47:02,286
AND PATIENT CARE BUT SO FAR

1132
00:47:02,352 --> 00:47:05,189
CLINICIANS MUST EDIT THE NOTES,

1133
00:47:05,255 --> 00:47:06,790
APPROVE THEM, THEY CAN'T JUST

1134
00:47:06,857 --> 00:47:12,095
LET AI DO THE WORK, AT WHAT

1135
00:47:12,162 --> 00:47:16,700
POINT DO WE THINK THERE'S

1136
00:47:16,767 --> 00:47:17,734
OVERRELIANCE AND WHAT HAPPENS IF

1137
00:47:17,801 --> 00:47:19,303
CLIN IPGS GET OUT OF THE HABIT

1138
00:47:19,369 --> 00:47:22,372
OF CERTAIN THINGS AND AT THE

1139
00:47:22,439 --> 00:47:25,042
RISK OF DE-SKILLING, WHAT IF

1140
00:47:25,108 --> 00:47:26,210
CLIN 8 HOURSS LOSE CERTAIN

1141
00:47:26,276 --> 00:47:27,744
SKILLS BA YOU THEY GOT IMPORTANT

1142
00:47:27,811 --> 00:47:29,012
FOR AI DOING IT?

1143
00:47:29,079 --> 00:47:31,014
IS IT IMPORTANT THEY MAINTAIN

1144
00:47:31,081 --> 00:47:33,283
THESE SKILLS IN A WORLD WHERE AI

1145
00:47:33,350 --> 00:47:34,918
IS THE STANDARD OF CARE?

1146
00:47:34,985 --> 00:47:36,453
SO THIS IS JUST A FLAVOR OF

1147
00:47:36,520 --> 00:47:38,822
ISSUES WE'RE THINKING OF IN THE

1148
00:47:38,889 --> 00:47:39,556
CLINICAL CONTEXT.

1149
00:47:39,623 --> 00:47:41,858
OTHER INDIVIDUAL LEVEL CONCERNS

1150
00:47:41,925 --> 00:47:44,027
TOUCH ON WHAT THE LITERATURE

1151
00:47:44,094 --> 00:47:47,831
CALLS THE BLACK BOX NATURE OF

1152
00:47:47,898 --> 00:47:51,368
THE ALGORITHM, IF I GO FOR MY

1153
00:47:51,435 --> 00:47:53,103
MAMMOGRAPHY, AND I'M TOLD THAT I

1154
00:47:53,170 --> 00:47:56,340
SHOULD PROCEED TO A BIOPSY

1155
00:47:56,406 --> 00:47:58,175
BECAUSE AN ALGORITHM READ MY

1156
00:47:58,242 --> 00:48:00,377
IMAGE, AND THAT IS THE

1157
00:48:00,444 --> 00:48:02,246
RECOMMENDATION OF AN ALGORITHM,

1158
00:48:02,312 --> 00:48:04,448
AS A PATIENT, I DON'T UNDERSTAND

1159
00:48:04,514 --> 00:48:07,417
HOW AI GOT TO THAT CONCLUSION,

1160
00:48:07,484 --> 00:48:09,753
MAYBE MY CLINICIAN DOESN'T, THE

1161
00:48:09,820 --> 00:48:11,021
LITERATURE IS CONCERNED THAT

1162
00:48:11,088 --> 00:48:14,358
THIS BLACK BOX NATURE OF AI

1163
00:48:14,424 --> 00:48:17,995
POWER TOOLS IN THE CLINIC MAY BE

1164
00:48:18,061 --> 00:48:21,265
A SOURCE OF LACK OF TRUST AND

1165
00:48:21,331 --> 00:48:22,099
SLOWER UPTAKE.

1166
00:48:22,165 --> 00:48:24,534
WE'RE NOT SEEING IT, SO FAR

1167
00:48:24,601 --> 00:48:27,638
PATIENTS TEND TO TRUST AI

1168
00:48:27,704 --> 00:48:29,406
POWERED TOOLS AND WE KNOW THAT

1169
00:48:29,473 --> 00:48:35,579
HUMANS MAKE MISTAKES AS WELL BUT

1170
00:48:35,646 --> 00:48:37,047
THERE'S ENTIRE LITERATURE

1171
00:48:37,114 --> 00:48:38,215
EMERGING ON WHETHER AI

1172
00:48:38,282 --> 00:48:40,651
HEALTHCARE SHOULD BE

1173
00:48:40,717 --> 00:48:42,486
EXPLAINABLE, SHOULD BE

1174
00:48:42,552 --> 00:48:43,487
TRANSPARENT, SHOULD BE SOME

1175
00:48:43,553 --> 00:48:45,355
EFFORT TO OPEN THE BLACK BOX AND

1176
00:48:45,422 --> 00:48:46,523
THROW LIGHT IN THERE SO THAT

1177
00:48:46,590 --> 00:48:50,060
PATIENTS AND THEIR CLINICIANS

1178
00:48:50,127 --> 00:48:57,467
UNDERSTAND HOW AI DELIVERED

1179
00:48:57,534 --> 00:48:58,368
RECOMMENDATIONS, DECISIONS AND

1180
00:48:58,435 --> 00:49:00,003
SO THIS WILL INCREASE TRUST,

1181
00:49:00,070 --> 00:49:01,004
INCREASE THE UPTAKE OF THESE

1182
00:49:01,071 --> 00:49:06,476
TOOLS AND INCREASE THE

1183
00:49:06,543 --> 00:49:07,344
ACCOUNTABILITY OF THOSE USING

1184
00:49:07,411 --> 00:49:11,848
THEM EMPLOY BUT THIS NOTION OF

1185
00:49:11,915 --> 00:49:13,517
TRANSPARENT AI AND STANDS WITH

1186
00:49:13,583 --> 00:49:15,519
THE TENSION OF MORE RELIABILITY,

1187
00:49:15,585 --> 00:49:17,020
MORE ACCURACY, TOOLS THAT ARE

1188
00:49:17,087 --> 00:49:21,958
MORE EFFECTIVE AND SAFER, I'M

1189
00:49:22,025 --> 00:49:24,027
NOT AN AI DEVELOPER, I'M AN

1190
00:49:24,094 --> 00:49:26,363
ETHICIST BUT WHEN I SPEAK TO THE

1191
00:49:26,430 --> 00:49:29,032
DEVELOPERS THEY PRESENT IT AS IF

1192
00:49:29,099 --> 00:49:30,100
MORE EXPLAINABILITY MEANS

1193
00:49:30,167 --> 00:49:32,035
REDUCED RELIABILITY AND WE HAVE

1194
00:49:32,102 --> 00:49:34,438
TO ACTUALLY NEGOTIATE BETWEEN

1195
00:49:34,504 --> 00:49:35,972
THESE 2 VALUES TO THINGS THAT WE

1196
00:49:36,039 --> 00:49:39,142
CARE ABOUT AND THAT'S DEFINITELY

1197
00:49:39,209 --> 00:49:41,845
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PATIENTS AND

1198
00:49:41,912 --> 00:49:43,380
PHYSICIANS PREFERENCES IF WE'RE

1199
00:49:43,447 --> 00:49:44,281
GOING TO SACRIFICE A LITTLE BIT

1200
00:49:44,348 --> 00:49:46,283
OF 1 FOR THE SAKE OF THE OTHER.

1201
00:49:46,350 --> 00:49:51,355
ANOTHER SET OF CONCERNS TOUCHES

1202
00:49:51,421 --> 00:49:52,622
ON PRIVACY PROTECTIONS.

1203
00:49:52,689 --> 00:49:54,925
AI ALLOWS US MORE TRIANGULATION

1204
00:49:54,991 --> 00:49:56,927
OF DATA FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES,

1205
00:49:56,993 --> 00:49:59,730
HIPAA PROTECTION IS LIMITED, IT

1206
00:49:59,796 --> 00:50:01,832
ALL DEPENDS ON THE USE OF THE AI

1207
00:50:01,898 --> 00:50:04,868
TOOL AND THERE'S THE RISK OF

1208
00:50:04,935 --> 00:50:06,603
REIDENTIFIABILITY EVEN IF DATA

1209
00:50:06,670 --> 00:50:08,205
WAS ANONYMIZED, IT'S A CONCERN

1210
00:50:08,271 --> 00:50:09,306
FOR RESEARCH OF COURSE, WE WILL

1211
00:50:09,373 --> 00:50:10,974
TOUCH ON THAT IN A MINUTE BUT -

1212
00:50:11,041 --> 00:50:13,310
ALSO A CONCERN FOR PROTECTING

1213
00:50:13,377 --> 00:50:15,345
PATIENT PRIVACY IN CLINICAL

1214
00:50:15,412 --> 00:50:15,579
CARE.

1215
00:50:15,645 --> 00:50:19,282
NOW I WANT TO TRANSITION TO SOME

1216
00:50:19,349 --> 00:50:20,917
ISSUES AT THE SYSTEMIC LEVEL, SO

1217
00:50:20,984 --> 00:50:23,653
FIRST OF ALL CURRENTLY BECAUSE

1218
00:50:23,720 --> 00:50:25,856
WE'RE STILL BUILDING THE

1219
00:50:25,922 --> 00:50:26,456
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES

1220
00:50:26,523 --> 00:50:29,092
SURROUNDING THE DELIVERY OF AI

1221
00:50:29,159 --> 00:50:32,429
POWER TOOLS IN THE CLINIC AND IN

1222
00:50:32,496 --> 00:50:34,398
RESEARCH, THERE'S LACK OF

1223
00:50:34,464 --> 00:50:37,934
CLARITY REGARDING WHO WILL BE

1224
00:50:38,001 --> 00:50:39,536
LIABLE FOR AI BASED MEDICAL

1225
00:50:39,603 --> 00:50:39,770
HARM.

1226
00:50:39,836 --> 00:50:41,204
WOULD IT BE THE INDIVIDUAL

1227
00:50:41,271 --> 00:50:43,340
CLINICIAN WHO USED THE TOOL, I

1228
00:50:43,407 --> 00:50:43,740
DOUBT IT?

1229
00:50:43,807 --> 00:50:45,876
WILL IT BE THE ORGANIZATION FOR

1230
00:50:45,942 --> 00:50:49,379
EXAMPLE, THE HOSPITAL, OR THE

1231
00:50:49,446 --> 00:50:50,347
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM?

1232
00:50:50,414 --> 00:50:55,919
DO WE WANT TO BUILD SYSTEMIC

1233
00:50:55,986 --> 00:50:56,586
COMPENSATION FOR THE FIRST

1234
00:50:56,653 --> 00:50:58,355
GENERATION OF PATIENT WHO IS ARE

1235
00:50:58,422 --> 00:51:01,591
HARMED BY THE LIMITS OF AI BASED

1236
00:51:01,658 --> 00:51:05,061
TOOLS SIMILAR TO WHAT WE HAVE

1237
00:51:05,128 --> 00:51:05,862
WITH VACCINE COMPENSATION.

1238
00:51:05,929 --> 00:51:08,398
THERE'S A NEED TO BUILD

1239
00:51:08,465 --> 00:51:11,435
GOVERNANCE AROUND ALL OF THESE

1240
00:51:11,501 --> 00:51:13,170
QUESTIONS, THERE ARE LEGAL BUT

1241
00:51:13,236 --> 00:51:14,571
THERE ARE ALSO ETHICAL, ANOTHER

1242
00:51:14,638 --> 00:51:18,241
ISSUE AT THE SYSTEMIC LEVEL IS

1243
00:51:18,308 --> 00:51:20,777
ALGORITHMIC BIAS, MANY OF THE

1244
00:51:20,844 --> 00:51:21,478
ALGORITHMS HAVE BEEN TRAIN

1245
00:51:21,545 --> 00:51:23,580
OFFICE OF DIVERSITY DATA SETS

1246
00:51:23,647 --> 00:51:24,848
THAT HAVE LIMITED DIVERSITY JUST

1247
00:51:24,915 --> 00:51:27,083
LIKE WE'VE SEEN IN GENOMICS AND

1248
00:51:27,150 --> 00:51:30,287
IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH IN

1249
00:51:30,353 --> 00:51:34,124
GENERAL, CERTAIN POPULATIONS ARE

1250
00:51:34,191 --> 00:51:35,158
OVERREPRESENTED.

1251
00:51:35,225 --> 00:51:36,726
MINORITIES ARE UNDERREPRESENTED.

1252
00:51:36,793 --> 00:51:37,994
IF AN ALGORITHM WAS TRAINED ON

1253
00:51:38,061 --> 00:51:42,566
WHITE SKIN, IT WILL   PERFORM

1254
00:51:42,632 --> 00:51:44,534
LESS WELL, IDENTIFYING MELANOMA

1255
00:51:44,601 --> 00:51:47,304
AND DARKER SKIN TONES SO

1256
00:51:47,370 --> 00:51:49,039
ALGORITHMIC BIAS IS AN ISSUE

1257
00:51:49,105 --> 00:51:50,373
EVERYBODY'S AWARE OF AND TRYING

1258
00:51:50,440 --> 00:51:51,775
TO TACKLE THROUGH DIVERSIFYING

1259
00:51:51,842 --> 00:51:53,076
DATA SETS AND IN A SECOND, I

1260
00:51:53,143 --> 00:51:55,445
WILL TELL YOU TO A BRIDGE TO THE

1261
00:51:55,512 --> 00:51:58,248
INITIATIVE THAT ADDRESSES THIS

1262
00:51:58,315 --> 00:51:59,783
HEAD ON.

1263
00:51:59,850 --> 00:52:01,084
ANOTHER FASCINATING QUESTION AT

1264
00:52:01,151 --> 00:52:03,386
THE SYSTEMIC LEVEL IS WHEN WE

1265
00:52:03,453 --> 00:52:06,022
INTEGRATE AI INTO CLINICAL CARE,

1266
00:52:06,089 --> 00:52:09,893
ARE THERE CERTAIN TASKS, ROLES,

1267
00:52:09,960 --> 00:52:10,827
RESPONSIBILITIES THAT SHOULD

1268
00:52:10,894 --> 00:52:13,730
REMAIN SOLELY IN THE HANDS OF

1269
00:52:13,797 --> 00:52:17,334
HUMANS EVEN IF AI CAN   PERFORM

1270
00:52:17,400 --> 00:52:19,302
THEM PRETTY WELL, THINGS RELATED

1271
00:52:19,369 --> 00:52:22,973
TO COMPASSION AND CARE AND

1272
00:52:23,039 --> 00:52:24,174
ADVICE AND EMERGING RESEARCH

1273
00:52:24,241 --> 00:52:25,742
SHOWS THAT CHAT BOTS FOR

1274
00:52:25,809 --> 00:52:27,310
EXAMPLE, ARE   PERFOR THE

1275
00:52:27,377 --> 00:52:29,179
PURPOSING VERY WELL, IN TERMS OF

1276
00:52:29,246 --> 00:52:31,348
GIVING PARENTS THE IMPRESSION

1277
00:52:31,414 --> 00:52:34,084
THAT THEY'RE VERY COMPASSIONATE,

1278
00:52:34,150 --> 00:52:35,919
THEY'RE VERY PATIENT SYSTEMS,

1279
00:52:35,986 --> 00:52:39,155
THEY HAVE ENDLESS AMOUNT OF TIME

1280
00:52:39,222 --> 00:52:41,091
UPLIKE HUMAN CLINICIANS.

1281
00:52:41,157 --> 00:52:44,561
DO WE FEEL RESISTANCE TO

1282
00:52:44,628 --> 00:52:46,997
INTEGRATING AI IN SOME CAPACITY,

1283
00:52:47,063 --> 00:52:49,833
CERTAIN ROLES WE BELIEVE SHOULD

1284
00:52:49,900 --> 00:52:50,767
REMAIN HUMAN ROLES?

1285
00:52:50,834 --> 00:52:52,969
THIS WILL REMAIN TO BE SEEN AND

1286
00:52:53,036 --> 00:52:54,838
OVERALL, I THINK 1 OF THE

1287
00:52:54,905 --> 00:52:56,106
GREATEST CHALLENGES ACROSS THE

1288
00:52:56,172 --> 00:52:58,475
BOARD IS THE PACE OF DEVELOPMENT

1289
00:52:58,542 --> 00:53:01,144
OF ALL THESE TOOLS.

1290
00:53:01,211 --> 00:53:03,246
THIS PRESENTS A CHALLENGE FOR

1291
00:53:03,313 --> 00:53:05,549
RESEARCH, GOVERNANCE, IMP

1292
00:53:05,615 --> 00:53:07,250
LEMMATION, SOMETIMES WHEN WE DO

1293
00:53:07,317 --> 00:53:08,685
OUR RESEARCH ON THE

1294
00:53:08,752 --> 00:53:09,719
IMPLEMENTATION OF AI, WE PEEL

1295
00:53:09,786 --> 00:53:11,922
LIKE BY THE TIME WE FIGURE OUT

1296
00:53:11,988 --> 00:53:14,991
WHAT TO ASK PATIENTS AND

1297
00:53:15,058 --> 00:53:16,192
CLINICIANS ABOUT THEIR

1298
00:53:16,259 --> 00:53:16,760
PREFERENCES, THE TECHNOLOGY

1299
00:53:16,826 --> 00:53:18,995
SHIFTED AND WE HAVE TO REDESIGN

1300
00:53:19,062 --> 00:53:21,364
OUR SURVEYS AND DEFINITELY OUR

1301
00:53:21,431 --> 00:53:24,801
GOVERNMENT IS DRAFT FRAMEWORKS.

1302
00:53:24,868 --> 00:53:29,205
SO THIS IS FAIRLY RAPID PACE OF

1303
00:53:29,272 --> 00:53:29,906
DEVELOPMENT PRESENTS CHALLENGES

1304
00:53:29,973 --> 00:53:31,575
FOR USER ANDS FOR US RESEARCHERS

1305
00:53:31,641 --> 00:53:34,477
WHO ARE TRYING TO ROLL OUT THESE

1306
00:53:34,544 --> 00:53:36,046
TECHNOLOGIES IN A WAY THAT IS

1307
00:53:36,112 --> 00:53:37,414
RESPONSIBILITY AND CAUTIOUS.

1308
00:53:37,480 --> 00:53:40,483
SO I WANT TO NOW GIVE YOU THE

1309
00:53:40,550 --> 00:53:45,188
EXAMPLE OF OUR NIH FUNDED BRIDGE

1310
00:53:45,255 --> 00:53:46,756
TO AI INITIATIVE BECAUSE I

1311
00:53:46,823 --> 00:53:47,924
WANT--I SPOKE A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

1312
00:53:47,991 --> 00:53:49,926
WHAT WE'RE SEEING IN THE

1313
00:53:49,993 --> 00:53:51,127
BIOETHICS LITERATURE IN THE

1314
00:53:51,194 --> 00:53:53,997
CONTEXT OF CLINICAL CARE AND NOW

1315
00:53:54,064 --> 00:53:56,766
I WANT TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES OF

1316
00:53:56,833 --> 00:53:58,735
USING AI IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.

1317
00:53:58,802 --> 00:54:04,841
SO BRIDGE 2 AI IS AN INITIATIVE

1318
00:54:04,908 --> 00:54:07,043
MEANT TO AS THE TIELT SAYS BUILD

1319
00:54:07,110 --> 00:54:09,245
A BRIDGE FROM BIOMEDICAL AND

1320
00:54:09,312 --> 00:54:10,547
BEHAVIORIAL RESEARCH TO

1321
00:54:10,614 --> 00:54:16,853
ARTIFICIAL INTELIENCE AND IT'S

1322
00:54:16,920 --> 00:54:24,060
REALLY BASED ON THE NOTION THAT

1323
00:54:24,127 --> 00:54:28,798
IN ORDER TO   PERFORM WELL AND

1324
00:54:28,865 --> 00:54:32,369
RESPONSIBLY AI MUST BE CREATED,

1325
00:54:32,435 --> 00:54:34,537
TRAINED, DEVELOPED BASED ON DATA

1326
00:54:34,604 --> 00:54:35,972
SETS THAT ARE AI READY AND THAT

1327
00:54:36,039 --> 00:54:38,908
MEANS A LOT OF THINGS, THE DATA

1328
00:54:38,975 --> 00:54:42,579
WAS ETHICALLY SOURCED, THAT WE

1329
00:54:42,646 --> 00:54:45,782
HAVE ETHICAL BEST PRACTICES, AND

1330
00:54:45,849 --> 00:54:50,153
THAT DIVERSITY OF THE DATA AND

1331
00:54:50,220 --> 00:54:52,922
OF THE TEAMS, THAT GENERATE THE

1332
00:54:52,989 --> 00:54:56,459
DATA IS GUARANTEED, SO THIS IS

1333
00:54:56,526 --> 00:54:58,828
INITIATIVE THAT CURRENTLY HAS 4

1334
00:54:58,895 --> 00:55:00,864
PROGECS RUNNING, EACH 1 OF THEM

1335
00:55:00,930 --> 00:55:03,867
COLLECTS DATA, A DIFFERENT TYPE

1336
00:55:03,933 --> 00:55:05,268
OF DATA, EMPHASIZES THE

1337
00:55:05,335 --> 00:55:10,073
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DATA,

1338
00:55:10,140 --> 00:55:11,608
DIVERSE, FAIR, AI-READY, ETHICAL

1339
00:55:11,675 --> 00:55:12,809
CONSIDERATIONS, PEOPLE, TRAINING

1340
00:55:12,876 --> 00:55:14,811
OF THE TEAMS TO DO THIS WELL,

1341
00:55:14,878 --> 00:55:17,013
THE INITIATIVE IS SUPPOSED TO

1342
00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:21,084
GENERATE FLAGSHIP DATA SETS THAT

1343
00:55:21,151 --> 00:55:22,852
WERE REALLY TEACH THE BIOMEDICAL

1344
00:55:22,919 --> 00:55:24,788
RESEARCH COMMUNITY HOW TO

1345
00:55:24,854 --> 00:55:27,857
GENERATE GOOD HIGH QUALITY

1346
00:55:27,924 --> 00:55:29,592
RESPONSIBLE DATA FOR AI POWERED

1347
00:55:29,659 --> 00:55:29,993
RESEARCH.

1348
00:55:30,060 --> 00:55:31,561
SO I WANT TO SHARE THE EXAMPLE

1349
00:55:31,628 --> 00:55:34,230
OF 1 OF THOSE 4 PROJECTS, THE

1350
00:55:34,297 --> 00:55:38,134
VOICE AS A BIOMARKER OF HEALTH

1351
00:55:38,201 --> 00:55:38,368
PROJECT.

1352
00:55:38,435 --> 00:55:41,504
IN QUICKLY, A FEW WORDS, ABOUT

1353
00:55:41,571 --> 00:55:42,706
VOICE AS A BIOMARKER, THIS IS

1354
00:55:42,772 --> 00:55:44,841
OUR TEAM AND I WOULD LIKE TO

1355
00:55:44,908 --> 00:55:45,909
THANK THEM FIRST OF ALL BECAUSE

1356
00:55:45,975 --> 00:55:47,610
SOME OF THE SLIDES I WILL SHARE

1357
00:55:47,677 --> 00:55:51,481
NOW WERE GENERATED BY THE TEAM.

1358
00:55:51,548 --> 00:55:53,149
YOU KNOW WE'RE ALL AWARE OF THE

1359
00:55:53,216 --> 00:55:55,885
FACT THAT THE HUMAN VOICE IS THE

1360
00:55:55,952 --> 00:56:00,123
MOST BEAUTIFUL TRIEWMENT BUT THE

1361
00:56:00,190 --> 00:56:01,424
MOST DIFFICULT TO PLAY.

1362
00:56:01,491 --> 00:56:03,460
THE HUMAN VOICE CARRIES

1363
00:56:03,526 --> 00:56:04,194
IDENTITY, LOVE, EMOTIONS, THIS

1364
00:56:04,260 --> 00:56:06,329
IS THE PICTURE OF OUR TWINS OF

1365
00:56:06,396 --> 00:56:08,431
OUR PI AND SHE SAYS THAT FROM AN

1366
00:56:08,498 --> 00:56:11,167
EARLY AGE SHE COULDN'T TELL

1367
00:56:11,234 --> 00:56:13,837
WHICH 1 WAS CRYING BECAUSE VOICE

1368
00:56:13,903 --> 00:56:14,871
REALLY CONVEYS IDENTITY SO WHEN

1369
00:56:14,938 --> 00:56:16,773
I SPEAK TO YOU NOW, I'M DOING

1370
00:56:16,840 --> 00:56:19,109
ALL THOSE THINGS YOU SEE ON

1371
00:56:19,175 --> 00:56:20,710
SCREEN SPEAKING, GENERATING

1372
00:56:20,777 --> 00:56:24,614
HUMAN VOICES ACTUALLY AN

1373
00:56:24,681 --> 00:56:25,448
INCREDIBLY COMPLEX ACTIVITY CAN

1374
00:56:25,515 --> 00:56:29,652
SO MANY THINGS CAN GO WRONG, THE

1375
00:56:29,719 --> 00:56:32,122
NOTION OF VOICES OF BIOMARKER IS

1376
00:56:32,188 --> 00:56:36,025
TO USE RECORDINGS, SPEECH,

1377
00:56:36,092 --> 00:56:37,894
COUGH, BREATHING, CRIES, AS A

1378
00:56:37,961 --> 00:56:42,265
BIOMARKER OF DISEASE USING AI TO

1379
00:56:42,332 --> 00:56:44,167
ALLOW TO USE THE VOICE IN ORDER

1380
00:56:44,234 --> 00:56:46,369
TO DIAGNOSE DEC EARLY, HAD IS AN

1381
00:56:46,436 --> 00:56:48,538
EXPANDING MARK THAT'S PREDICTED

1382
00:56:48,605 --> 00:56:54,110
TO REACH 5 MILLION IN JUST A FEW

1383
00:56:54,177 --> 00:56:57,013
YEARS AND VOICE AS YOU KNOW IS

1384
00:56:57,080 --> 00:56:57,947
USED BEYOND HEALTH.

1385
00:56:58,014 --> 00:56:58,982
WE'RE REALLY CONCERNED ABOUT

1386
00:56:59,048 --> 00:57:00,650
DEEP FAKE VOICE THAT'S ALREADY

1387
00:57:00,717 --> 00:57:01,484
HAPPENING, PEOPLE GETTING A CALL

1388
00:57:01,551 --> 00:57:03,253
AND YOU KNOW THEY THINK THEY'RE

1389
00:57:03,319 --> 00:57:05,321
SPEAKING TO THEIR CHILD WHO WAS

1390
00:57:05,388 --> 00:57:12,095
KIDNAPPED BUT ACTUALLY THIS IS A

1391
00:57:12,162 --> 00:57:14,664
CLONING OF THE VOICE, SO WE'RE

1392
00:57:14,731 --> 00:57:16,733
LOOKING AT THESE CATEGORIES AS

1393
00:57:16,800 --> 00:57:18,001
CANDIDATES FOR FASTER DIAGNOSIS

1394
00:57:18,067 --> 00:57:20,270
AND FOLLOW UP OF DISEASE

1395
00:57:20,336 --> 00:57:21,671
PROGRESSION BASED ON VOICE

1396
00:57:21,738 --> 00:57:21,971
RECORDINGS.

1397
00:57:22,038 --> 00:57:23,239
THESE ARE THE TYPES OF DISEASES

1398
00:57:23,306 --> 00:57:25,275
WE CAN LOOK AT UNDER EACH OF

1399
00:57:25,341 --> 00:57:26,476
THESE CATEGORIES, SO WE CAN SEE

1400
00:57:26,543 --> 00:57:28,011
THAT WE'RE REALLY CASTING A WIDE

1401
00:57:28,077 --> 00:57:30,180
NET AND THE CURRENT ISSUE IS

1402
00:57:30,246 --> 00:57:37,620
THAT THERE ARE DATA SETS OF

1403
00:57:37,687 --> 00:57:44,594
VOICE, SAMPLES BUT THEY'RE SO

1404
00:57:44,661 --> 00:57:47,030
THEY'RE REALLY NOT READY IN THAT

1405
00:57:47,096 --> 00:57:49,799
SENSE, SO THEY WORK IN SILOS OF

1406
00:57:49,866 --> 00:57:51,334
DIFFERENT DISEASES, WE WANT TO

1407
00:57:51,401 --> 00:57:52,168
WORK ACROSS DISEASES, SO OUR

1408
00:57:52,235 --> 00:57:54,304
MISSION IS TO BUILD A LARGE

1409
00:57:54,370 --> 00:57:57,040
SCALE, ETHICALLY SOURCED DIVERSE

1410
00:57:57,106 --> 00:57:59,008
HUMAN VOICE DATABASE THAT IS AI

1411
00:57:59,075 --> 00:58:01,010
READY TO FUEL VOICE AI RESEARCH.

1412
00:58:01,077 --> 00:58:03,680
I JUST CAME BACK FROM ORLANDO WE

1413
00:58:03,746 --> 00:58:05,582
HAD OUR SECOND VOICE SYMPOSIUM

1414
00:58:05,648 --> 00:58:06,583
WITH A COUPLE HUNDRED PEOPLE

1415
00:58:06,649 --> 00:58:08,651
FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD

1416
00:58:08,718 --> 00:58:10,053
INCLUDING CEOs OF START UPS

1417
00:58:10,119 --> 00:58:12,822
THAT TRY TO ALREADY ROLL THIS

1418
00:58:12,889 --> 00:58:18,261
OUT AS A PRODUCT IN MENTAL

1419
00:58:18,328 --> 00:58:22,966
HEALTH AND CANCER THIS IS AN

1420
00:58:23,032 --> 00:58:31,941
INCREDIBLY BUSY SPACE, SO THESE

1421
00:58:32,008 --> 00:58:33,676
ARE ISSUES AND CREATE A VOICE

1422
00:58:33,743 --> 00:58:35,111
FOR AI, FIRST OF ALL WHAT DOES

1423
00:58:35,178 --> 00:58:37,881
IT MEAN TO COLLECT DIVERSE VOICE

1424
00:58:37,947 --> 00:58:39,849
SAMPLES TO AVOID ALGORITHMIC

1425
00:58:39,916 --> 00:58:41,517
BIAS, USUALLY WHEN WE THINK

1426
00:58:41,584 --> 00:58:43,820
ABOUT GENOMICS WE THINK ABOUT

1427
00:58:43,887 --> 00:58:45,655
ETHNICITY, HEAR WE HAVE TO

1428
00:58:45,722 --> 00:58:49,392
CONSIDER AGE, WE HAVE TO

1429
00:58:49,459 --> 00:58:50,493
CONSIDER ACCENT, AND REALLY

1430
00:58:50,560 --> 00:58:51,694
SHEDS NEW LIGHT ON THE NOTION OF

1431
00:58:51,761 --> 00:58:53,897
DIVERSITY, IF YOU WANT THE

1432
00:58:53,963 --> 00:58:56,332
PRODUCT TO BE BENEFICIAL TO

1433
00:58:56,399 --> 00:58:57,934
VARIOUS POPULATIONS, WE NEED TO

1434
00:58:58,001 --> 00:58:59,535
THINK REALLY HARD ABOUT WHAT DID

1435
00:58:59,602 --> 00:59:02,105
IT MEAN TO BE REPRESENTATIVE

1436
00:59:02,171 --> 00:59:06,676
WITH YOUR COLLECTIVE VOICES.

1437
00:59:06,743 --> 00:59:07,443
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY,

1438
00:59:07,510 --> 00:59:11,281
VOICE IS COST EFFECTIVE,

1439
00:59:11,347 --> 00:59:12,348
NONINVASIVE, AND SAFE TO

1440
00:59:12,415 --> 00:59:12,916
COLLECT, WE'RE DEVELOPING AN

1441
00:59:12,982 --> 00:59:13,416
ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS

1442
00:59:13,483 --> 00:59:14,117
ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS SO

1443
00:59:14,183 --> 00:59:14,817
TAKEN--THEY PEOPLE CAN RECORD

1444
00:59:14,884 --> 00:59:17,120
THEMSELVES AT HOME AND UPLOAD

1445
00:59:17,186 --> 00:59:18,855
THEIR VOICE RECORDING TO A CLOUD

1446
00:59:18,922 --> 00:59:21,157
SO THAT THEY DON'T EVEN HAVE TO

1447
00:59:21,224 --> 00:59:23,159
GO TO A MEDICAL FACILITY TO GET

1448
00:59:23,226 --> 00:59:26,029
THE BENEFITS OF THIS TECHNOLOGY

1449
00:59:26,095 --> 00:59:28,564
BUT CAN THESE RECORDINGS EXPOSE

1450
00:59:28,631 --> 00:59:29,399
THEIR INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY, CAN

1451
00:59:29,465 --> 00:59:31,567
THEIR VOICE BE USED WITHOUT

1452
00:59:31,634 --> 00:59:33,169
THEIR CONSENT, WHAT ABOUT

1453
00:59:33,236 --> 00:59:36,572
SHARING IT WITH A COMMERCIAL

1454
00:59:36,639 --> 00:59:39,208
SPACE, IF WE CREATE THIS

1455
00:59:39,275 --> 00:59:41,611
INCREDIBLE HIGH QUALITY DATA

1456
00:59:41,678 --> 00:59:43,112
SET, PRIVATE PARTNERS MAY WANT

1457
00:59:43,179 --> 00:59:45,081
ACCESS TO THIS INFORMATION, THIS

1458
00:59:45,148 --> 00:59:47,517
MAY ENHANCE THE BENEFITS THAT WE

1459
00:59:47,583 --> 00:59:48,918
GENERATE BUT IS IT OKAY TO DO,

1460
00:59:48,985 --> 00:59:51,587
HOW DO WE GET CONSENT FOR IT.

1461
00:59:51,654 --> 00:59:53,890
THE ISSUE OF EXPLAINABILITY THAT

1462
00:59:53,957 --> 00:59:56,859
I ALREADY TOUCHED UPON, IF WE

1463
00:59:56,926 --> 00:59:58,294
CAN DEVELOP BETTER ALGORITHMS

1464
00:59:58,361 --> 00:59:59,796
BUT WE CAN'T EXPLAIN THEM TO

1465
00:59:59,862 --> 01:00:01,631
PATIENTS WHAT DO WE CHOOSE TO DO

1466
01:00:01,698 --> 01:00:05,101
AND FINALLY, BACK TO THE POINT

1467
01:00:05,168 --> 01:00:07,870
THAT WAS JUST MADE, SCIENCE

1468
01:00:07,937 --> 01:00:09,038
COMMUNICATION TO BUILD TRUST,

1469
01:00:09,105 --> 01:00:10,073
HOW DO WE COMMUNICATE TO THE

1470
01:00:10,139 --> 01:00:11,841
PUBLIC WHAT IT IS WE'RE DOING

1471
01:00:11,908 --> 01:00:13,977
AND HOW THE BENEFITS ARE SO

1472
01:00:14,043 --> 01:00:15,378
PROMISING WITHOUT HYPING THE

1473
01:00:15,445 --> 01:00:17,213
OVERHYPING THEM AND WITHOUT

1474
01:00:17,280 --> 01:00:19,048
LOSING THE TRUST OF THE PUBLIC,

1475
01:00:19,115 --> 01:00:21,250
SO JUST A MENU OF ISSUES THAT

1476
01:00:21,317 --> 01:00:22,552
WE'RE DEALING WITH IN ORDER ON

1477
01:00:22,618 --> 01:00:25,722
DO ALL THIS RESPONSIBLY, THIS IS

1478
01:00:25,788 --> 01:00:26,556
OUR MANTRA, OUR VOICE, OUR

1479
01:00:26,622 --> 01:00:27,991
HEALTH, OUR FUTURE AND I THANK

1480
01:00:28,057 --> 01:00:29,659
YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION

1481
01:00:29,726 --> 01:00:40,169
AND LOOKING FORWARD TO THE

1482
01:00:55,785 --> 01:00:55,952
DISCUSSION.

1483
01:00:56,019 --> 01:00:57,353
NTHANK YOU FOR EXCITING

1484
01:00:57,420 --> 01:00:59,255
PRESENTATIONS AND THERE ARE A

1485
01:00:59,322 --> 01:01:08,931
LOT OF QUESTIONS WE HAVE TO

1486
01:01:08,998 --> 01:01:09,198
CONSIDER.

1487
01:01:09,265 --> 01:01:12,502
ALL RIGHT, SO WE'RE ASKED--THERE

1488
01:01:12,568 --> 01:01:16,005
SEEMS TO BE AN ANALOGY BETWEEN

1489
01:01:16,072 --> 01:01:20,810
THE DRIVERLESS CAR AND THE

1490
01:01:20,877 --> 01:01:23,746
DRIVERLESS DIAGNOSIS.

1491
01:01:23,813 --> 01:01:27,750
BOTH PREMISES, BOTH PROMISE

1492
01:01:27,817 --> 01:01:28,684
FEWER ACCIDENTS, WHY IS THERE

1493
01:01:28,751 --> 01:01:31,387
SUCH A WORRY THAT AI WILL MAKE

1494
01:01:31,454 --> 01:01:34,424
AN INCORRECT DIAGNOSIS, SAY 1%

1495
01:01:34,490 --> 01:01:37,560
OF THE TIME WHEN DOCTORS MAKE AN

1496
01:01:37,627 --> 01:01:38,928
INCORRECT DIAGNOSIS, 10% OF THE

1497
01:01:38,995 --> 01:01:39,395
TIME.

1498
01:01:39,462 --> 01:01:40,696
THESE ARE RANDOM NUMBERS OF

1499
01:01:40,763 --> 01:01:51,274
COURSE, BUT IT SEEMS TO ME THE

1500
01:02:07,657 --> 01:02:09,358
QUESTIONER THAT--

1501
01:02:09,425 --> 01:02:10,326
>> IT'S SO IMPORTANT IS THAT YOU

1502
01:02:10,393 --> 01:02:12,895
KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE ASK, A LOT

1503
01:02:12,962 --> 01:02:15,631
OF PEOPLE ARE SKEPTICAL ABOUT

1504
01:02:15,698 --> 01:02:20,803
WHY WE NEED REPRESENTATION OF

1505
01:02:20,870 --> 01:02:24,207
EVERY GROUP WHY DOES IT MATTER,

1506
01:02:24,273 --> 01:02:25,808
IS IT SOMETHING THAT'S

1507
01:02:25,875 --> 01:02:27,243
INDEPENDENT OF RACE AND GENDER

1508
01:02:27,310 --> 01:02:31,647
AND IDENTITY OF WHO DOESN'T BUT

1509
01:02:31,714 --> 01:02:34,083
WE'VE NEVER HAD IN MY OPINION A

1510
01:02:34,150 --> 01:02:36,452
STRONGER ARGUMENT FOR WHY WE

1511
01:02:36,519 --> 01:02:38,287
NEED A DIVERSE SCIENTIFIC

1512
01:02:38,354 --> 01:02:43,526
WORKFORCE THAN THE FACT THAT WE

1513
01:02:43,593 --> 01:02:45,161
NEED TO MAKE AI THAT HELPS

1514
01:02:45,228 --> 01:02:47,130
EVERYBODY AND DOESN'T JUST MAKE

1515
01:02:47,196 --> 01:02:56,305
LIFE BETTER FOR THOSE OF US WHO

1516
01:02:56,372 --> 01:03:03,613
ARE ALREADY DOING WELL--BUT 1

1517
01:03:03,679 --> 01:03:05,481
THING I IT WILL HAVE TO PROVE

1518
01:03:05,548 --> 01:03:07,917
FOR MEDICINE AND DIAGNOSIS, AND

1519
01:03:07,984 --> 01:03:08,618
SINCE MEDICINE NEVER REALLY

1520
01:03:08,684 --> 01:03:09,919
WORKED WELL FOR EVERYBODY TO

1521
01:03:09,986 --> 01:03:11,220
BEGIN WITH, THIS COULD JUST MAKE

1522
01:03:11,287 --> 01:03:12,488
THE WHOLE THING WORSE, SO THAT

1523
01:03:12,555 --> 01:03:14,857
WOULD BE 1 ARGUMENT FOR NOT

1524
01:03:14,924 --> 01:03:17,226
USING IT, IF I WERE FROM A

1525
01:03:17,293 --> 01:03:19,262
MARGINALIZED GROUP, I MIGHT BE

1526
01:03:19,328 --> 01:03:24,500
VERY, VERY SUSPICIOUS.

1527
01:03:24,567 --> 01:03:26,769
>> VARDIT, DO YOU HAVE A COMMENT

1528
01:03:26,836 --> 01:03:27,904
ABOUT THAT?

1529
01:03:27,970 --> 01:03:29,572
>> YES, I THINK 1 OF THE

1530
01:03:29,639 --> 01:03:31,507
GREATEST PROMISES OF AI IS THAT

1531
01:03:31,574 --> 01:03:35,044
IT COULD BECOME THE BIG

1532
01:03:35,111 --> 01:03:38,014
EQUALIZER THAT IT COULD MAKE

1533
01:03:38,080 --> 01:03:38,581
INTERVENTIONS MORE ACCESS

1534
01:03:38,648 --> 01:03:41,551
CLINICAL COMMUNITY, THAT IT CAN

1535
01:03:41,617 --> 01:03:47,256
BRIDGE ACROSS GEOGRAPHIC

1536
01:03:47,323 --> 01:03:50,026
BARRIERS AND THAT IT CAN

1537
01:03:50,092 --> 01:04:00,336
BE--WE'RE ALL STILL UNDER THE

1538
01:04:00,403 --> 01:04:01,170
SPELL OF TELEHEALTH, AND

1539
01:04:01,237 --> 01:04:03,839
THINKING THIS IS AMAZING, THIS

1540
01:04:03,906 --> 01:04:05,608
OPENS THE DOORS TO POPULATIONS

1541
01:04:05,675 --> 01:04:07,343
THAT ARE MARGINALIZED FOR

1542
01:04:07,410 --> 01:04:09,545
VARIOUS REASONS, AI CAN PUSH

1543
01:04:09,612 --> 01:04:11,514
THAT EVEN FURTHER, BUT IF AND

1544
01:04:11,581 --> 01:04:14,150
THAT IS WHEN THE BENEFIT BECOMES

1545
01:04:14,217 --> 01:04:17,553
A RISK, IF WE DON'T DO THIS

1546
01:04:17,620 --> 01:04:19,855
RIGHT AND AI THAT IS DEFINITELY

1547
01:04:19,922 --> 01:04:22,592
GOING TO SOME DEGREE

1548
01:04:22,658 --> 01:04:24,093
REVOLUTIONIZE THE WAY WE DELIVER

1549
01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:27,730
CARE IS DOING THE OPPOSITE,AX

1550
01:04:27,797 --> 01:04:30,199
ASKER BAITING HEALTH GAPS, THAT

1551
01:04:30,266 --> 01:04:31,267
WOULD BE--NOT JUST BREAK TRUST

1552
01:04:31,334 --> 01:04:34,470
BUT JUST MAKE THE ENTIRE

1553
01:04:34,537 --> 01:04:36,639
ENTERPRISE ETHICALLY

1554
01:04:36,706 --> 01:04:37,273
UNACCEPTABLE AND IRRESPONSIBLE.

1555
01:04:37,340 --> 01:04:39,976
SO MUCH OF IT IS ABOUT THE DATA

1556
01:04:40,042 --> 01:04:43,012
SETS AND HOW THESE ALGORITHMS

1557
01:04:43,079 --> 01:04:45,381
ARE TAUGHT BUT SOME OF IT IS

1558
01:04:45,448 --> 01:04:49,485
JUST THE INTENTIONALITY OF

1559
01:04:49,552 --> 01:04:51,487
DESIGNING, THE USE, THE

1560
01:04:51,554 --> 01:04:52,188
IMPLEMENTATION, THE DELIVERY, SO

1561
01:04:52,255 --> 01:04:53,823
I WILL GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE BACK

1562
01:04:53,889 --> 01:05:00,696
TO THE VOICE PROJECT, WE'RE

1563
01:05:00,763 --> 01:05:02,698
DESIGNING AN APP, SO THAT

1564
01:05:02,765 --> 01:05:04,867
PATIENTS CAN RECORD THEIR VOICE

1565
01:05:04,934 --> 01:05:05,801
SAMPLE AT HOME.

1566
01:05:05,868 --> 01:05:06,802
YOU KNOW THE FIRST GENERATION

1567
01:05:06,869 --> 01:05:08,170
THAT WHILE WE'RE DEVELOPING THE

1568
01:05:08,237 --> 01:05:08,671
ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS

1569
01:05:08,738 --> 01:05:10,039
ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS, WE ARE

1570
01:05:10,106 --> 01:05:11,707
BRINGING PEOPLE INTO THE CLINIC

1571
01:05:11,774 --> 01:05:13,476
TO FINE TUNE THE DESIGN OF THE

1572
01:05:13,542 --> 01:05:15,444
APP SO THAT WE CAN CONTROL

1573
01:05:15,511 --> 01:05:16,512
EXACTLY THE MICROPHONE THAT THEY

1574
01:05:16,579 --> 01:05:19,649
USE AND THE DANCE BETWEEN THE

1575
01:05:19,715 --> 01:05:20,950
MOUTH AND THE MICROPHONE AND THE

1576
01:05:21,017 --> 01:05:23,119
ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY'RE

1577
01:05:23,185 --> 01:05:24,787
RECORDING, BUT OUR HOPE IS TO

1578
01:05:24,854 --> 01:05:26,389
DESIGN IT IN SUCH A WAY THAT

1579
01:05:26,455 --> 01:05:29,258
ANYBODY CAN DO IT AT HOME.

1580
01:05:29,325 --> 01:05:30,726
DOES EVERYBODY HAVE A SMART

1581
01:05:30,793 --> 01:05:33,396
PHONE IN CAN ANYBODY FOLLOW

1582
01:05:33,462 --> 01:05:36,032
WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING

1583
01:05:36,098 --> 01:05:36,866
WHAT TO RECORD?

1584
01:05:36,932 --> 01:05:41,704
YOU KNOW WHAT TEXT WE WANT THEM

1585
01:05:41,771 --> 01:05:43,339
TO READ, WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE WHO

1586
01:05:43,406 --> 01:05:44,073
SPEAK DIFFERENT LANGUAGES THAT

1587
01:05:44,140 --> 01:05:45,741
ARE NOT SORT OF THE MAIN

1588
01:05:45,808 --> 01:05:46,909
LANGUAGES, SO THERE'S SO MUCH TO

1589
01:05:46,976 --> 01:05:48,644
THINK ABOUT WHEN YOU TRY TO

1590
01:05:48,711 --> 01:05:50,279
BRING DOWN THOSE BARRIERS AND

1591
01:05:50,346 --> 01:05:52,715
REALLY USE SUCH A PROMISING TOOL

1592
01:05:52,782 --> 01:05:57,320
IN A WAY THAT REMOVES--THAT

1593
01:05:57,386 --> 01:05:57,887
ENHANCES EQUITY.

1594
01:05:57,953 --> 01:06:00,990
IT'S MORE THAN JUST DATA

1595
01:06:01,057 --> 01:06:02,258
DIVERSITY, THERE'S LOTS TO

1596
01:06:02,325 --> 01:06:05,227
CONSIDER AND I THINK HAVING THE

1597
01:06:05,294 --> 01:06:06,195
DIVERSE TEAMS MEANS YOU NEED TO

1598
01:06:06,262 --> 01:06:08,964
GET A LOT OF   PERSPECTS INTO

1599
01:06:09,031 --> 01:06:11,801
THE DESIGN SO YOU CAN THINK NOT

1600
01:06:11,867 --> 01:06:14,603
JUST ABOUT AGAIN THE DESIGN OF

1601
01:06:14,670 --> 01:06:15,571
THE ALGORITHM, YOU CAN THINK

1602
01:06:15,638 --> 01:06:16,939
ABOUT THE DELIVERY METHOD AND

1603
01:06:17,006 --> 01:06:18,307
ALL THOSE OTHER CONSIDERATIONS I

1604
01:06:18,374 --> 01:06:19,809
JUST NAMED.

1605
01:06:19,875 --> 01:06:21,077
YOU NEED MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS

1606
01:06:21,143 --> 01:06:24,080
TO FEED INTO THAT THINKING.

1607
01:06:24,146 --> 01:06:26,082
SO I'M--I'M JUST ADDING MORE

1608
01:06:26,148 --> 01:06:27,383
PERSPECTIVES ON THIS ISSUE OF

1609
01:06:27,450 --> 01:06:28,684
YESTERDAY AND EQUITY BUT THIS IS

1610
01:06:28,751 --> 01:06:31,987
A KEY ELEMENT IN THE WISE AND

1611
01:06:32,054 --> 01:06:34,190
RESPONSIBLE DELIVERY OF THIS

1612
01:06:34,256 --> 01:06:35,358
PROMISING TOOL.

1613
01:06:35,424 --> 01:06:36,292
>> THANK YOU.

1614
01:06:36,359 --> 01:06:39,061
HOLDEN, WE HAVE A QUESTION HERE,

1615
01:06:39,128 --> 01:06:42,164
WHAT ARE JOURNALS DOING TO

1616
01:06:42,231 --> 01:06:46,635
ENFORCE OR ENCOURAGE AUTHORS TO

1617
01:06:46,702 --> 01:06:49,171
MAKE AVAILABLE NOT ONLY THE CODE

1618
01:06:49,238 --> 01:06:51,774
BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY THE MODEL

1619
01:06:51,841 --> 01:06:55,478
WEIGHTS AND IF POSSIBLE OR

1620
01:06:55,544 --> 01:06:56,979
FEASIBLE, THE TRAINING DATA THE

1621
01:06:57,046 --> 01:06:59,348
QUESTIONER IS OF THE OPINION

1622
01:06:59,415 --> 01:07:02,318
THAT THE MODEL WEIGHTS ARE THE

1623
01:07:02,385 --> 01:07:05,621
SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR TO

1624
01:07:05,688 --> 01:07:08,124
TESTING REPRODUCIBILITY AS THAT

1625
01:07:08,190 --> 01:07:11,527
IS THE QUOTE MAGIC SAUCE AS IT

1626
01:07:11,594 --> 01:07:19,468
WERE TO RUN ANY MODEL.

1627
01:07:19,535 --> 01:07:20,536
>> YEAH, SO, THIS IS SOMETHING

1628
01:07:20,603 --> 01:07:21,704
ON PAPERS, THIS IS SOMETHING WE

1629
01:07:21,771 --> 01:07:24,540
SPENT QUITE A LOT OF TIME ON AND

1630
01:07:24,607 --> 01:07:27,610
YOU KNOW I--I STOPPED PUBLISHING

1631
01:07:27,676 --> 01:07:30,112
BACK WHEN A PDF OF SUPPORTING

1632
01:07:30,179 --> 01:07:30,846
INFORMATION WAS THE MAX YOU

1633
01:07:30,913 --> 01:07:32,481
WOULD PUT IN THE PAPER AND THEN

1634
01:07:32,548 --> 01:07:36,352
I GOT THIS YOB CORPS AND 15

1635
01:07:36,419 --> 01:07:39,855
YEARS LATER AND CAME TO A

1636
01:07:39,922 --> 01:07:40,589
TOTALLY DIFFERENT WORLD WHERE

1637
01:07:40,656 --> 01:07:42,591
TONS AND TONS OF DATA AND CODE

1638
01:07:42,658 --> 01:07:49,432
ARE POSTED ALONG WITH THE PAPER

1639
01:07:49,498 --> 01:07:52,768
SO WE'RE ALWAYS FINDING NEW

1640
01:07:52,835 --> 01:07:54,770
KINDS OF DATA AND CODE WE CAN

1641
01:07:54,837 --> 01:07:56,739
USE, AND IT'S AN ONION AND YOU

1642
01:07:56,806 --> 01:07:58,407
KEEP PEELING IT AND PEELING IT

1643
01:07:58,474 --> 01:08:00,209
AND PEELING IT AND THERE'S

1644
01:08:00,276 --> 01:08:01,143
ALWAYS SOMETHING YOU HAVEN'T

1645
01:08:01,210 --> 01:08:02,778
THOUGHT OF THAT YOU HAVE TO

1646
01:08:02,845 --> 01:08:03,746
LEARN TO ARCHIVE SOMEHOW SO THAT

1647
01:08:03,813 --> 01:08:07,917
PEOPLE CAN COME BACK ASK REPEAT

1648
01:08:07,983 --> 01:08:08,617
THE PAPER.

1649
01:08:08,684 --> 01:08:10,486
AND OUR GOAL IS TO HAVE

1650
01:08:10,553 --> 01:08:12,121
EVERYTHING YOU NEED THERE AND WE

1651
01:08:12,188 --> 01:08:14,824
TRY TO BE AS TOUGH AS WE CAN BE

1652
01:08:14,890 --> 01:08:19,595
ABOUT REQUIRING AUTHORS TO

1653
01:08:19,662 --> 01:08:21,530
INCLUDE THAT AND WE ALLOW

1654
01:08:21,597 --> 01:08:23,065
AUTHORS TO USE WHATEVER

1655
01:08:23,132 --> 01:08:24,467
REPOSITORY THEY WANT BUT WE ALSO

1656
01:08:24,533 --> 01:08:27,102
HAVE A PROGRAM WHERE IF THE

1657
01:08:27,169 --> 01:08:30,406
AUTHORS WANT TO USE DRYAD WHICH

1658
01:08:30,473 --> 01:08:32,441
IS 1 OF THE OPTIONS THEN SCIENCE

1659
01:08:32,508 --> 01:08:34,877
HAS A PROGRAM THAT WOULD ARK LOW

1660
01:08:34,944 --> 01:08:39,582
AUTHORS TO USE DRYAD VERY

1661
01:08:39,648 --> 01:08:41,417
CONVENIENTLY, BUT IF FOR SOME

1662
01:08:41,484 --> 01:08:43,986
REASON THEY'RE ON GITHUB OR

1663
01:08:44,053 --> 01:08:45,421
ZENOTO, THEN THEY CAN DO THAT

1664
01:08:45,488 --> 01:08:45,721
TOO.

1665
01:08:45,788 --> 01:08:50,526
YES, THIS IS ANOTHER THING THAT

1666
01:08:50,593 --> 01:08:52,061
HELPS EXPLAIN WHY PUBLISHING A

1667
01:08:52,127 --> 01:08:54,697
PEER REVIEWED PAPER IS SO

1668
01:08:54,763 --> 01:08:56,899
IMPORTANT BECAUSE IF IT'S JUST A

1669
01:08:56,966 --> 01:09:00,536
PREPRINT, THERE'S NOBODY THERE

1670
01:09:00,603 --> 01:09:03,038
TO HOLD THE AUTHORS ACCOUNTABLE,

1671
01:09:03,105 --> 01:09:04,039
IF THEY DON'T POST EVERYTHING

1672
01:09:04,106 --> 01:09:05,307
THAT SHOULD GO ALONG WITH THE

1673
01:09:05,374 --> 01:09:11,580
PAPER INCLUDING THE CODE OF

1674
01:09:11,647 --> 01:09:11,914
COURSE.

1675
01:09:11,981 --> 01:09:14,617
THERE'S A QUESTION IN THE

1676
01:09:14,683 --> 01:09:15,150
AUDIENCE HERE.

1677
01:09:15,217 --> 01:09:17,152
>> THERE'S A QUESTION FROM THE

1678
01:09:17,219 --> 01:09:17,853
AUDIENCE.

1679
01:09:17,920 --> 01:09:19,154
>> YES, HI, SO REALLY GREAT

1680
01:09:19,221 --> 01:09:21,490
TOPIC, IT'S EASY FOR US TO MAKE

1681
01:09:21,557 --> 01:09:23,826
[INDISCERNIBLE] THOSE AND GITHUB

1682
01:09:23,893 --> 01:09:25,194
AND THE REPOSITORY WHERE WE DUMP

1683
01:09:25,261 --> 01:09:28,497
EVERYTHING AND IT SHOULD BE

1684
01:09:28,564 --> 01:09:29,899
RUNNING BUT [INDISCERNIBLE] AS

1685
01:09:29,965 --> 01:09:30,833
THE SOFTWARE HAS BECOME NEW

1686
01:09:30,900 --> 01:09:33,702
VERSION AND SO ON, IT'S

1687
01:09:33,769 --> 01:09:35,004
PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO RUN

1688
01:09:35,070 --> 01:09:37,039
THE ANALYSIS PEOPLE HAVE DONE SO

1689
01:09:37,106 --> 01:09:39,308
IN A WAY THAT'S BRINGING IT BACK

1690
01:09:39,375 --> 01:09:41,510
TO YOU, THE PUBLISHING ENTITY

1691
01:09:41,577 --> 01:09:42,645
RIGHT, SHOULD YOU HAVE SOME

1692
01:09:42,711 --> 01:09:44,179
QUALITY CONTROL TO MAKE SURE THE

1693
01:09:44,246 --> 01:09:46,348
CODE CANS KEEP RUNNING AT LEAST

1694
01:09:46,415 --> 01:09:50,853
ON SOME TIME MACHINE SO THATY WE

1695
01:09:50,920 --> 01:09:53,322
CAN REALLY REDO [INDISCERNIBLE]?

1696
01:09:53,389 --> 01:09:55,491
>> YEAH, SO I MET SOME GUYS FROM

1697
01:09:55,558 --> 01:09:57,026
THE NIH WHO WERE WORKING ON A

1698
01:09:57,092 --> 01:09:58,694
NEW SET OF POLICIES UNDER THIS,

1699
01:09:58,761 --> 01:09:59,995
I DON'T KNOW WHERE IT STANDS.

1700
01:10:00,062 --> 01:10:01,664
IT WAS A COUPLE YEARING AGO WHEN

1701
01:10:01,730 --> 01:10:03,499
THEY CAME TO TALK TO ME EMPLOY

1702
01:10:03,566 --> 01:10:05,701
THE HARSH FACT RIGHT NOW IS, YOU

1703
01:10:05,768 --> 01:10:07,536
COULD POST EVERYTHING AT THE

1704
01:10:07,603 --> 01:10:10,306
TIME OF THE PAPER AND AFTER THE

1705
01:10:10,372 --> 01:10:11,807
PAPER'S PUBLISHED, YOU COULD

1706
01:10:11,874 --> 01:10:14,410
TAKE IT ALL DONE AND NOBODY

1707
01:10:14,476 --> 01:10:15,678
WOULD FIGURE IT OUT UNLESS

1708
01:10:15,744 --> 01:10:19,481
SOMEBODY WANTED TO GO LOOK FOR

1709
01:10:19,548 --> 01:10:22,418
IT AGAIN.

1710
01:10:22,484 --> 01:10:24,186
AND TO SOMEHOW MAINTAIN THAT IN

1711
01:10:24,253 --> 01:10:26,055
A WAY THAT MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO

1712
01:10:26,121 --> 01:10:28,724
DO THAT IS A VERY EXPENSIVE

1713
01:10:28,791 --> 01:10:29,024
PROPOSITION.

1714
01:10:29,091 --> 01:10:30,359
I DON'T THINK THE JOURNALS COULD

1715
01:10:30,426 --> 01:10:32,094
DO THAT ON OUR OWN.

1716
01:10:32,161 --> 01:10:36,165
IT WOULD REQUIRE THE FUNDING

1717
01:10:36,231 --> 01:10:37,232
AGENCIES TO HELP FIGURE OUT HOW

1718
01:10:37,299 --> 01:10:42,371
WE WERE GOING TO DO THAT BUT

1719
01:10:42,438 --> 01:10:43,906
YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT.

1720
01:10:43,973 --> 01:10:46,875
THERE COULD BE OUTDATED CODE YOU

1721
01:10:46,942 --> 01:10:50,045
CAN'T RUN ANYMORE OR THERE COULD

1722
01:10:50,112 --> 01:10:53,849
BE REPOSITORIES THAT GO AWAY

1723
01:10:53,916 --> 01:10:55,584
BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE SUPER

1724
01:10:55,651 --> 01:10:57,886
STRICT RULES ABOUT WHAT THEY'RE

1725
01:10:57,953 --> 01:11:00,756
GOING TO USE.

1726
01:11:00,823 --> 01:11:03,525
AND THIS IS A COST AND ACTIVITY

1727
01:11:03,592 --> 01:11:06,495
OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING THAT

1728
01:11:06,562 --> 01:11:08,497
NOBODY HAS PUT AS MUCH TIME INTO

1729
01:11:08,564 --> 01:11:15,270
AS IT DESERVES, THAT'S FOR SURE.

1730
01:11:15,337 --> 01:11:17,006
>> LET'S CONSIDER QUESTIONS

1731
01:11:17,072 --> 01:11:22,645
ABOUT THE PROPRIETARY ASPECT OF

1732
01:11:22,711 --> 01:11:27,449
AI, WHO OWNS IT AND IF IT'S

1733
01:11:27,516 --> 01:11:30,319
GOING TO BE PROPRIETARY, WHAT

1734
01:11:30,386 --> 01:11:33,489
ARE THE GUARANTEES FOR

1735
01:11:33,555 --> 01:11:33,922
TRANSPARENCY?

1736
01:11:33,989 --> 01:11:36,492
>> WELL I WILL LET VARDIT TAKE

1737
01:11:36,558 --> 01:11:38,927
FIRST CRACK AT THAT.

1738
01:11:38,994 --> 01:11:39,194
>> OKAY.

1739
01:11:39,261 --> 01:11:40,963
>> THAT IS 1 OF THE MILLION

1740
01:11:41,030 --> 01:11:43,866
DOLLAR QUESTIONS, IN THIS SPACE,

1741
01:11:43,932 --> 01:11:45,401
AND INTERESTINGLY, THIS NATIONAL

1742
01:11:45,467 --> 01:11:46,969
ACADEMY OF MEDICINE INITIATIVE

1743
01:11:47,036 --> 01:11:52,274
THAT I STARTED WITH, INVITED TO

1744
01:11:52,341 --> 01:11:56,045
THE TABLE PARTNERS SUCH AS

1745
01:11:56,111 --> 01:11:57,546
GOOGLE AND MICROSOFT BECAUSE ON

1746
01:11:57,613 --> 01:12:00,115
SOME AI AND HEALTH APPLICATIONS,

1747
01:12:00,182 --> 01:12:01,684
THEY'RE VERY ADVANCED IN THEIR

1748
01:12:01,750 --> 01:12:04,620
RESEARCH AND IT'S OBVIOUS THAT

1749
01:12:04,687 --> 01:12:06,255
THIS SPACE WILL REQUIRE

1750
01:12:06,321 --> 01:12:08,891
PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN PUBLISH AND

1751
01:12:08,957 --> 01:12:10,626
PRIVATE ENTITIES, ANY GOVERNANCE

1752
01:12:10,693 --> 01:12:12,227
THAT DOESN'T ADDRESS THOSE

1753
01:12:12,294 --> 01:12:15,564
TENSIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND

1754
01:12:15,631 --> 01:12:16,565
PRIVATE PLAYERS WILL--YOU KNOW

1755
01:12:16,632 --> 01:12:18,467
WILL HAVE SHORT COMINGS AND WILL

1756
01:12:18,534 --> 01:12:19,735
NOT PROTECT PATIENTS AND

1757
01:12:19,802 --> 01:12:24,106
CLINICIAN ANDS HEALTHCARE

1758
01:12:24,173 --> 01:12:24,707
SYSTEMS APPROPRIATELY, SO

1759
01:12:24,773 --> 01:12:26,141
OBVIOUSLY IF A TOOL IS DEVELOPED

1760
01:12:26,208 --> 01:12:31,280
IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, IT HAS

1761
01:12:31,346 --> 01:12:32,448
COMPLETELY DIFFERENT LIMITATIONS

1762
01:12:32,514 --> 01:12:36,185
TO ACCESS, THAN IF IT IS FOR

1763
01:12:36,251 --> 01:12:38,020
EXAMPLE, DEVELOPED BY US WITHIN

1764
01:12:38,087 --> 01:12:43,559
THE BRIDGE TO AI PROJECT WITH

1765
01:12:43,625 --> 01:12:44,827
COMPLETELY PUBLIC FUNDING BUT AS

1766
01:12:44,893 --> 01:12:47,463
I JUST NOTED IN MY EXAMPLE, A

1767
01:12:47,529 --> 01:12:49,364
PART OF WHAT WE DO WITHIN THIS

1768
01:12:49,431 --> 01:12:50,933
INITIATIVE THAT IS A PUBLIC

1769
01:12:50,999 --> 01:12:54,136
INITIATIVE IS TO INVITE THE

1770
01:12:54,203 --> 01:12:55,871
START-UPS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR

1771
01:12:55,938 --> 01:12:59,274
TO JOIN US AROUND THE TABLE TO

1772
01:12:59,341 --> 01:13:00,242
THINK TOGETHER ABOUT GOVERNANCE

1773
01:13:00,309 --> 01:13:03,145
AND ABOUT ISSUES OF ACCESS AND

1774
01:13:03,212 --> 01:13:03,378
EQUITY.

1775
01:13:03,445 --> 01:13:05,347
I THINK IT'S A BIT EARLY TO KNOW

1776
01:13:05,414 --> 01:13:07,750
HOW THIS WILL ALL PLAY OUT AND

1777
01:13:07,816 --> 01:13:12,421
AGAIN, I'M NOT A LAWYER, AND

1778
01:13:12,488 --> 01:13:14,323
I--I WOULD STRUGGLE TO DESCRIBE

1779
01:13:14,389 --> 01:13:15,958
THE VARIOUS MODELS THAT ARE

1780
01:13:16,024 --> 01:13:19,695
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE, BUT THIS IS

1781
01:13:19,762 --> 01:13:20,429
ALL FAST MOVING, UNDER

1782
01:13:20,496 --> 01:13:23,665
DEVELOPMENT AND WE HAVE MORE

1783
01:13:23,732 --> 01:13:24,833
QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS.

1784
01:13:24,900 --> 01:13:29,738
WHAT ENCOURAGES ME IS THAT I SEE

1785
01:13:29,805 --> 01:13:31,273
TABLES WHERE THE PUBLIC AND THE

1786
01:13:31,340 --> 01:13:32,207
PRIVATE SECTOR ARE TALKING TO

1787
01:13:32,274 --> 01:13:35,377
EACH OTHER AND IT'S LESS SILOED

1788
01:13:35,444 --> 01:13:36,311
THAN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH USED TO

1789
01:13:36,378 --> 01:13:37,479
BE BECAUSE OF THIS

1790
01:13:37,546 --> 01:13:38,547
ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT WE CAN'T DO

1791
01:13:38,614 --> 01:13:41,450
IT WITHOUT EACH OTHER, SO, I

1792
01:13:41,517 --> 01:13:42,417
DIDN'T FULLY ANSWER THE

1793
01:13:42,484 --> 01:13:44,186
QUESTION, I JUST LAID OUT SOME

1794
01:13:44,253 --> 01:13:45,187
CONTEXT.

1795
01:13:45,254 --> 01:13:46,488
>> YEAH, AND I THINK, WELL,

1796
01:13:46,555 --> 01:13:49,491
FIRST OF ALL OPEN AI IS A VERY

1797
01:13:49,558 --> 01:13:50,893
IRONIC NAME FOR THEIR COMPANY

1798
01:13:50,959 --> 01:13:52,060
BECAUSE IT'S ANYTHING BUT OPEN

1799
01:13:52,127 --> 01:13:54,696
AS FAR AS THE CODE IS CONCERNED

1800
01:13:54,763 --> 01:13:56,331
AND THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WE

1801
01:13:56,398 --> 01:13:58,534
WORRY BODY WHEN WE WERE PUTTING

1802
01:13:58,600 --> 01:14:00,536
OUR POLICIES TOGETHER FOR CHAT

1803
01:14:00,602 --> 01:14:04,072
GPT BUT WE ALSO WORRY ABOUT WITH

1804
01:14:04,139 --> 01:14:07,242
RESEARCH, BECAUSE IF SOMEBODY

1805
01:14:07,309 --> 01:14:12,981
USES A COMMERCIAL AI PROGRAM, AS

1806
01:14:13,048 --> 01:14:15,150
PART OF THEIR RESEARCH EFFORT,

1807
01:14:15,217 --> 01:14:17,486
THEN, YOU KNOW JUST AS WAS ASKED

1808
01:14:17,553 --> 01:14:20,088
BEFORE ABOUT THE ALGORITHMS,

1809
01:14:20,155 --> 01:14:22,224
NOW, THAT'S A PROPRIETARY

1810
01:14:22,291 --> 01:14:23,025
ALGORITHM THAT'S BEEN USED AND

1811
01:14:23,091 --> 01:14:25,828
HOW ARE WE GOING TO DEPOSIT THAT

1812
01:14:25,894 --> 01:14:28,564
ON GITHUB IF WE DON'T HAVE THE

1813
01:14:28,630 --> 01:14:30,532
CODE AND DO WE ALLOW THAT IN

1814
01:14:30,599 --> 01:14:34,236
BECAUSE THEN YOU WOULD HAVE TO

1815
01:14:34,303 --> 01:14:36,939
SOMEHOW ACCESS THE PROPRIETARY

1816
01:14:37,005 --> 01:14:38,173
LLM IN ORDER TO REPEAT THE

1817
01:14:38,240 --> 01:14:40,108
ANALYSIS IN THE PAPER.

1818
01:14:40,175 --> 01:14:41,310
AND YOU KNOW MY PREDICTION FOR

1819
01:14:41,376 --> 01:14:43,745
WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IS

1820
01:14:43,812 --> 01:14:44,580
EVENTUALLY, WE WILL HAVE ENOUGH

1821
01:14:44,646 --> 01:14:48,851
OF THESE THINGS THAT ARE OPEN

1822
01:14:48,917 --> 01:14:50,285
SOURCE THAT THIS WON'T BE AS BIG

1823
01:14:50,352 --> 01:14:55,858
OF A DEAL AS IT IS RIGHT NOW BUT

1824
01:14:55,924 --> 01:14:59,194
THE PROPRIETARY NATURE OF THESE

1825
01:14:59,261 --> 01:15:00,028
COMMERCIAL ALGORITHMS IS A

1826
01:15:00,095 --> 01:15:01,763
CHALLENGE FOR US ALL BUT WE'RE

1827
01:15:01,830 --> 01:15:03,065
SEEING THAT ACROSS, YOU KNOW IN

1828
01:15:03,131 --> 01:15:05,467
SOCIAL SCIENCE WE HAVE A RELATED

1829
01:15:05,534 --> 01:15:08,103
PROBLEM WHICH IS THAT FACEBOOK

1830
01:15:08,170 --> 01:15:10,072
AND LINKED IN HAVE MORE SOCIAL

1831
01:15:10,138 --> 01:15:13,542
SCIENCE DATA THAN ANY ACADEMIC

1832
01:15:13,609 --> 01:15:16,979
HAD EVER GENERATED.

1833
01:15:17,045 --> 01:15:18,413
WE ARE CONITANTLY HAVING TO

1834
01:15:18,480 --> 01:15:21,149
DECIDE, DO WE PUBLISH PAPERS

1835
01:15:21,216 --> 01:15:23,151
THAT ANALYZE THOSE DATA NOT

1836
01:15:23,218 --> 01:15:24,086
BEING COMPLETELY ASSURED THAT

1837
01:15:24,152 --> 01:15:28,824
THE COMPANIES HAVE ALLOWED THE

1838
01:15:28,891 --> 01:15:31,326
ACADEMICS WHO HAVE DONE THE

1839
01:15:31,393 --> 01:15:32,628
ANALYSIS FULL ACCESS TO THE

1840
01:15:32,694 --> 01:15:33,095
DATA.

1841
01:15:33,161 --> 01:15:35,063
NOW MOSTLY IF IT'S A REALLY

1842
01:15:35,130 --> 01:15:36,031
IMPORTANT FINDING, WE WILL COME

1843
01:15:36,098 --> 01:15:37,199
DOWN ON THE SIDE THAT IT'S

1844
01:15:37,266 --> 01:15:38,634
BETTER FOR THE WORLD TO SEE THAT

1845
01:15:38,700 --> 01:15:41,270
AND DO THE BEST WE CAN AT

1846
01:15:41,336 --> 01:15:44,907
WORKING THAT OUT, BUT I THINK

1847
01:15:44,973 --> 01:15:49,378
WOOR IN

1848
01:15:49,444 --> 01:15:51,013
WE'RE IN A MOMENT NOW WHICH IS

1849
01:15:51,079 --> 01:15:52,948
PROBABLY UNUSUAL IN MY TIME AND

1850
01:15:53,015 --> 01:15:54,716
I GUESS MAYBE WE'RE IN A SIMILAR

1851
01:15:54,783 --> 01:15:57,252
MOMENT A FEW OTHER TIMES BUT

1852
01:15:57,319 --> 01:15:59,121
RIGHT NOW, BETWEEN THE SOCIAL

1853
01:15:59,187 --> 01:16:02,391
MEDIA COMPANIES HAVING ALL THE

1854
01:16:02,457 --> 01:16:04,259
SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA, THE HEALTH

1855
01:16:04,326 --> 01:16:06,028
INSURANCE COMPANIES HAVING ALL

1856
01:16:06,094 --> 01:16:07,329
THE HEALTH INSURANCE DATA AND

1857
01:16:07,396 --> 01:16:10,599
THE AI COMPANIES HAVING THE AI

1858
01:16:10,666 --> 01:16:13,602
ALGORITHMS, YOU KNOW, DOING THE

1859
01:16:13,669 --> 01:16:15,437
MOST AMAZING SCIENCE THAT WE CAN

1860
01:16:15,504 --> 01:16:17,773
DO, USING THOSE ASSETS IS ALWAYS

1861
01:16:17,839 --> 01:16:20,542
A CHALLENGE FOR US IN TERMS OF

1862
01:16:20,609 --> 01:16:21,843
HOW WE MAKE THIS ACCESSIBLE TO

1863
01:16:21,910 --> 01:16:29,418
THE PUBLIC AS WE POSSIBLY CAN.

1864
01:16:29,484 --> 01:16:30,719
>> ALONG THAT LINE, IF YOU

1865
01:16:30,786 --> 01:16:38,393
VISUALIZE A MODEL OF PUBLIC AND

1866
01:16:38,460 --> 01:16:45,000
PRIVATE CREATION OF AI SYSTEMS,

1867
01:16:45,067 --> 01:16:49,271
HOW DO YOU SEE WE COULD BE

1868
01:16:49,338 --> 01:16:50,038
REGULATED?

1869
01:16:50,105 --> 01:16:52,474
IS THAT A FEDERAL

1870
01:16:52,541 --> 01:16:53,709
RESPONSIBILITY, I REALIZE

1871
01:16:53,775 --> 01:16:54,409
NEITHER REVIEW TRUSTEES

1872
01:16:54,476 --> 01:16:55,577
[INDISCERNIBLE] I THINK BUT JUST

1873
01:16:55,644 --> 01:16:59,348
FROM THE STANDPOINT OF YOUR IMUT

1874
01:16:59,414 --> 01:17:00,582
FEELING ABOUT IT, HOW WOULD YOU

1875
01:17:00,649 --> 01:17:03,752
LIKE TO SEE IT REGULATED?

1876
01:17:03,819 --> 01:17:05,320
>> WELL, THE CLINICAL SIDE IS

1877
01:17:05,387 --> 01:17:06,488
WHERE WE'RE PROBABLY LIKELY TO

1878
01:17:06,555 --> 01:17:08,590
SEE THAT THE SOONEST, I WOULD

1879
01:17:08,657 --> 01:17:10,325
THINK GIVEN THE LICENSING AND

1880
01:17:10,392 --> 01:17:12,728
EVERYTHING THAT GOES ON.

1881
01:17:12,794 --> 01:17:17,432
SO, I DON'T KNOW WHAT PART IT

1882
01:17:17,499 --> 01:17:18,333
THINKS ABOUT THAT?

1883
01:17:18,400 --> 01:17:21,837
>> I WILL NOTE AGAIN THAT IT'S

1884
01:17:21,903 --> 01:17:22,704
THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE

1885
01:17:22,771 --> 01:17:25,307
THAT IS LOOKING AT THIS.

1886
01:17:25,374 --> 01:17:27,743
I THINK RIGHT NOW, WE'RE SEEING

1887
01:17:27,809 --> 01:17:29,978
A SITUATION WHERE DIFFERENT

1888
01:17:30,045 --> 01:17:32,381
TOOLS ARE BEING ROLLED OUT IN

1889
01:17:32,447 --> 01:17:35,684
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS BASED ON

1890
01:17:35,751 --> 01:17:38,420
PRETTY LOCAL GOVERNANCE

1891
01:17:38,487 --> 01:17:39,121
APPROACHES, BUT EVERYBODY'S

1892
01:17:39,187 --> 01:17:40,622
AWARE OF THE FACT THAT THIS

1893
01:17:40,689 --> 01:17:43,625
NEEDS TO BE SYSTEMIC, THERE'S

1894
01:17:43,692 --> 01:17:46,595
EVEN TALK ABOUT AI IN HELT AS A

1895
01:17:46,661 --> 01:17:48,330
GLOBAL CHALLENGE AND THAT THE

1896
01:17:48,397 --> 01:17:50,298
BEST APPROACH WOULD BE

1897
01:17:50,365 --> 01:17:51,133
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE, YOU

1898
01:17:51,199 --> 01:17:54,169
KNOW THAT'S ALWAYS HARD TO

1899
01:17:54,236 --> 01:17:56,171
ACHIEVE BUT I THINK THERE'S AN

1900
01:17:56,238 --> 01:17:57,572
OVERALL RECOGNITION FROM AN

1901
01:17:57,639 --> 01:18:00,375
ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE IN TERMS OF

1902
01:18:00,442 --> 01:18:02,010
PROTECTION AND PRIVACY, IN TERMS

1903
01:18:02,077 --> 01:18:04,312
OF PREVENTION AND BIAS, IN TERMS

1904
01:18:04,379 --> 01:18:05,981
OF RIGHT TO KNOW, ALL THOSE

1905
01:18:06,048 --> 01:18:09,151
CHALLENGES THAT I STARTED WITH,

1906
01:18:09,217 --> 01:18:11,586
THAT THE MORE LOCAL GOVERNANCE

1907
01:18:11,653 --> 01:18:13,422
FRAMEWORK, THE MORE IT'S A PATCH

1908
01:18:13,488 --> 01:18:15,757
WORK, THE LESS IT WILL BE GOOD

1909
01:18:15,824 --> 01:18:18,060
FOR PATIENTS, SO THERE'S THIS

1910
01:18:18,126 --> 01:18:21,163
AMBITION TO MAKE THIS A NATIONAL

1911
01:18:21,229 --> 01:18:23,131
EFFORT, HOW IT WILL ACTUALLY

1912
01:18:23,198 --> 01:18:26,701
PLAY OUT, I REALLY DON'T KNOW.

1913
01:18:26,768 --> 01:18:28,370
>> YEAH, I MEAN, IN

1914
01:18:28,437 --> 01:18:30,338
PSYCHOTHERAPY, THERE ARE A LOT

1915
01:18:30,405 --> 01:18:32,174
OF ALGORITHMS BEING DEPLOYED

1916
01:18:32,240 --> 01:18:33,742
WITH VERY LITTLE REGULATION, IT

1917
01:18:33,809 --> 01:18:36,711
SEEMS TO ME, UNLESS I'M MISSING

1918
01:18:36,778 --> 01:18:42,684
SOMETHING, AND  YOU KNOW, THAT

1919
01:18:42,751 --> 01:18:45,153
COULD BE PRETTY WORRISOME.

1920
01:18:45,220 --> 01:18:47,856
I WENT TO A MEETING WITH A BUNCH

1921
01:18:47,923 --> 01:18:51,393
OF AI MENTAL HEALTH FOLKS AND

1922
01:18:51,460 --> 01:18:54,262
YOU KNOW THE AI ALGORITHMS,

1923
01:18:54,329 --> 01:18:57,799
THERE ARE GREAT THINGS THEY CAN

1924
01:18:57,866 --> 01:18:59,568
DO IN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORIAL

1925
01:18:59,634 --> 01:19:03,338
THERAPY AND PROBABLY A FEW OTHER

1926
01:19:03,405 --> 01:19:04,406
THINGS BUT THE AI'S JOB IS TO

1927
01:19:04,473 --> 01:19:07,843
KEEP YOU FROM HANGING UP, RIGHT?

1928
01:19:07,909 --> 01:19:09,845
AND SO, IN THE END, IT'S

1929
01:19:09,911 --> 01:19:12,013
PROGRAMMED TO TELL YOU TOUGH

1930
01:19:12,080 --> 01:19:14,015
THAT WILL KEEP YOU RESPONDING TO

1931
01:19:14,082 --> 01:19:15,550
IT WHICH MAY MEAN THAT IT WILL

1932
01:19:15,617 --> 01:19:17,185
TELL YOU THINGS THAT YOU WANT TO

1933
01:19:17,252 --> 01:19:18,487
HEAR THAT WILL KEEP YOU ON THE

1934
01:19:18,553 --> 01:19:22,624
HOOK THAT MAY NOT BE THE THINGS

1935
01:19:22,691 --> 01:19:23,692
A TRAINED THERAPIST WOULD TELL

1936
01:19:23,758 --> 01:19:26,828
YOU AND HOW PRECISELY WE'RE

1937
01:19:26,895 --> 01:19:33,268
GOING TO FIX THAT, I DON'T KNOW.

1938
01:19:33,335 --> 01:19:37,973
BUT THERE ARE IN MY OPINION VERY

1939
01:19:38,039 --> 01:19:39,307
LIGHTLY REGULATED ALGORITHMS

1940
01:19:39,374 --> 01:19:41,243
BEING USED FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY

1941
01:19:41,309 --> 01:19:42,344
RIGHT NOW.

1942
01:19:42,410 --> 01:19:45,247
AND I DON'T KNOW, I DON'T KNOW

1943
01:19:45,313 --> 01:19:47,349
HOW MUCH WE KNOW ABOUT WHAT

1944
01:19:47,415 --> 01:19:49,251
THEY'RE DOING, I AM GLAD THAT

1945
01:19:49,317 --> 01:19:54,289
NAM IS WORKING ON THIS KIND OF

1946
01:19:54,356 --> 01:19:54,489
THING.

1947
01:19:54,556 --> 01:19:55,824
>> ARE EITHER OF YOU CONCERNED

1948
01:19:55,891 --> 01:19:57,125
ABOUT A POSSIBLY INCREASING

1949
01:19:57,192 --> 01:20:02,898
PRESENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS THE

1950
01:20:02,964 --> 01:20:11,173
MEANS OF MAKING SOME KIND OF AI

1951
01:20:11,239 --> 01:20:12,941
AVAILABLE EN MASS WITHOUT ANY

1952
01:20:13,008 --> 01:20:13,475
REGULATION AT ALL?

1953
01:20:13,542 --> 01:20:15,177
IS THAT A PRACTICAL MATTER YOU

1954
01:20:15,243 --> 01:20:17,279
MIGHT SEE ARISING IN THE NEAR

1955
01:20:17,345 --> 01:20:17,512
FUTURE?

1956
01:20:17,579 --> 01:20:19,648
>> SO HOW EXACTLY ARE YOU SAYING

1957
01:20:19,714 --> 01:20:20,782
SOCIAL MEDIA WOULD--ARE YOU

1958
01:20:20,849 --> 01:20:22,517
TALKING ABOUT FREE ON SOME

1959
01:20:22,584 --> 01:20:23,218
WEBSITE?

1960
01:20:23,285 --> 01:20:26,788
OR SOCIAL MEDIA PROMOTING IT?

1961
01:20:26,855 --> 01:20:27,088
>> YEAH.

1962
01:20:27,155 --> 01:20:28,557
>> YEAH, WELL, SOCIAL MEDIA'S

1963
01:20:28,623 --> 01:20:29,991
GOOD AT PROMOTING THING ANDS SO,

1964
01:20:30,058 --> 01:20:35,764
YEAH, IT COULD BE EASILY BE

1965
01:20:35,830 --> 01:20:39,167
PROMOTING THE WRONG THING FOR

1966
01:20:39,234 --> 01:20:40,435
WHO CONVINCE THEMSELVES AS

1967
01:20:40,502 --> 01:20:42,938
EVERYONE DOES WITH THE INTERNET

1968
01:20:43,004 --> 01:20:46,241
THAT THEY'VE DORPHED SOMETHING

1969
01:20:46,308 --> 01:20:46,942
USEFUL.

1970
01:20:47,008 --> 01:20:52,147
>> ON THAT NOTE, WE ALL KNOW HOW

1971
01:20:52,214 --> 01:20:54,649
DR. GOOGLE CHANGED CLINICAL

1972
01:20:54,716 --> 01:20:55,817
CONVERSATIONS WITH PATIENTS COME

1973
01:20:55,884 --> 01:20:57,986
AND THEY'VE ALREADY PRETTY MUCH

1974
01:20:58,053 --> 01:20:59,354
DIAGNOSED THEMSELVES AND THEY

1975
01:20:59,421 --> 01:21:01,223
TELL THEIR CLINICIAN WHAT

1976
01:21:01,289 --> 01:21:05,594
MEDICATION THEY WANT PRESCRIBED,

1977
01:21:05,660 --> 01:21:09,231
WITH CHAT GPT, THE STAKES ARE

1978
01:21:09,297 --> 01:21:11,566
HIGHER, THE ASKING CHAT GPT FOR

1979
01:21:11,633 --> 01:21:12,867
CLINICAL ADVICE IS MANAGE THAT'S

1980
01:21:12,934 --> 01:21:16,204
ALREADY HAPPENING AND IT'S

1981
01:21:16,271 --> 01:21:18,373
GIVING MUCH BETTER ADVICE THAN

1982
01:21:18,440 --> 01:21:21,009
THE TRADITIONAL SEARCH ENGINES

1983
01:21:21,076 --> 01:21:22,677
BUT WHEN IT HALLUCINATES, WHEN

1984
01:21:22,744 --> 01:21:25,413
IT MAKES UP THINGS, THEY SOUND

1985
01:21:25,480 --> 01:21:26,248
VERY GOOD.

1986
01:21:26,314 --> 01:21:28,750
THEY SOUND VERY CONVINCING.

1987
01:21:28,817 --> 01:21:32,220
SO, THIS IS VERY RISKY IN TERMS

1988
01:21:32,287 --> 01:21:36,024
OF CONVINCING PATIENTS AND

1989
01:21:36,091 --> 01:21:37,492
POTENTIALLY EEIVET CONVINCING

1990
01:21:37,559 --> 01:21:38,693
CLINICIANS THAT THE ADVICE IS

1991
01:21:38,760 --> 01:21:39,027
SOUND.

1992
01:21:39,094 --> 01:21:41,129
WE ALL KNOW THAT GENERATIVE AI

1993
01:21:41,196 --> 01:21:42,364
CAN MAKE UP SCIENTIFIC

1994
01:21:42,430 --> 01:21:44,499
REFERENCES THAT DOESN'T EXIST,

1995
01:21:44,566 --> 01:21:46,835
IT CAN MAKE UP AN ENTIRE BODY OF

1996
01:21:46,901 --> 01:21:47,669
LITERATURE THAT DOESN'T EXIST

1997
01:21:47,736 --> 01:21:48,937
AND SEEM TO RELY ON THAT

1998
01:21:49,004 --> 01:21:50,805
EVIDENCE IS IN THERE, SO I WOULD

1999
01:21:50,872 --> 01:21:55,744
SAY THAT IN TERMS OF PATIENTS

2000
01:21:55,810 --> 01:21:58,813
GOING ONLINE FOR HELP, THE RISK

2001
01:21:58,880 --> 01:22:02,417
IS BIGGER BECAUSE THE QUALITY IS

2002
01:22:02,484 --> 01:22:03,551
BETTER PARADOXICALLY, AND THEN,

2003
01:22:03,618 --> 01:22:07,989
GOING BACK TO SOCIAL MEDIA, IT'S

2004
01:22:08,056 --> 01:22:11,960
NOT JUST THE SOCIAL MEDIA CAN

2005
01:22:12,027 --> 01:22:14,496
AMPLIFY OR HYPE UP WHAT AI CAN

2006
01:22:14,562 --> 01:22:17,399
DELIVER, IT'S ALSO THE USE OF AI

2007
01:22:17,465 --> 01:22:19,501
TO CREATE SOCIAL MEDIA MESSAGING

2008
01:22:19,567 --> 01:22:22,137
THAT COULD BE BASED ON

2009
01:22:22,203 --> 01:22:22,971
MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION

2010
01:22:23,038 --> 01:22:27,042
AND WELL, WE'RE IN AN ELECTION

2011
01:22:27,108 --> 01:22:29,678
YEAR, AND ACTUALLY IMPACT

2012
01:22:29,744 --> 01:22:32,080
DEMOCRATIC POSTS THAT GO WAY

2013
01:22:32,147 --> 01:22:33,148
BEYOND HEALTH AND IMPACT THE

2014
01:22:33,214 --> 01:22:37,118
TRUST NOT JUST IN SCIENCE BUT IN

2015
01:22:37,185 --> 01:22:39,120
OUR ENTIRE SOCIAL FABRIC.

2016
01:22:39,187 --> 01:22:42,624
SO, AGAIN, THE RISKS ARE--I KNOW

2017
01:22:42,691 --> 01:22:46,394
A LOT OF PEOPLE CALL THEM

2018
01:22:46,461 --> 01:22:47,929
EXSTENTIAL RISK BECAUSE BEYOND

2019
01:22:47,996 --> 01:22:50,098
HEALTH, OF THE POWER OF ARK I TO

2020
01:22:50,165 --> 01:22:52,233
FRAME, ENHANCE AND DELIVER

2021
01:22:52,300 --> 01:23:00,108
MESSAGES IS UNPRECEDENTED.

2022
01:23:00,175 --> 01:23:00,442
>> OKAY.

2023
01:23:00,508 --> 01:23:02,744
>> I WAS WONDERING IF THE 2 OF

2024
01:23:02,811 --> 01:23:07,349
YOU CAN ADDRESS THE QUESTION OF

2025
01:23:07,415 --> 01:23:11,353
HOW LIKELY CHATGPT WHEN YOU ASK

2026
01:23:11,419 --> 01:23:13,288
A QUESTION, CAN DISTINGUISH

2027
01:23:13,355 --> 01:23:16,458
BETWEEN FAKE NEWS AND REAL NEWS,

2028
01:23:16,524 --> 01:23:18,093
IN SCIENCE OR IN HEALTH AND IN

2029
01:23:18,159 --> 01:23:20,428
MEDICINE ?

2030
01:23:20,495 --> 01:23:21,830
WHAT IS THE LIKELIHOOD IT CAN

2031
01:23:21,896 --> 01:23:23,698
GIVE YOU BOTH SIDES OR IS IT

2032
01:23:23,765 --> 01:23:29,037
GOING TO TAKE JUST WHATEVER THIS

2033
01:23:29,104 --> 01:23:31,940
IN THE MEDIA MORE LIKELY TO BE

2034
01:23:32,006 --> 01:23:32,807
INCLUDED IN THE RESPONSE?

2035
01:23:32,874 --> 01:23:35,076
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT?

2036
01:23:35,143 --> 01:23:39,080
HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THAT?

2037
01:23:39,147 --> 01:23:42,717
>> WELL, I'M ALWAYS IMPRESSED

2038
01:23:42,784 --> 01:23:45,487
WHEN I ASK--THIS IS PURLY

2039
01:23:45,553 --> 01:23:47,522
ANECDOTAL, I MEAN SOMEBODY WILL

2040
01:23:47,589 --> 01:23:55,029
STUDY THIS BUT IT DOES SEEM TO

2041
01:23:55,096 --> 01:23:57,365
DO A CONSCIENTIOUS JOB IF YOU

2042
01:23:57,432 --> 01:23:59,834
ASK IT A QUESTION THAT IS BASED

2043
01:23:59,901 --> 01:24:01,569
ON MISINFORMATION, IT'LL USUALLY

2044
01:24:01,636 --> 01:24:02,137
CORRECT YOU.

2045
01:24:02,203 --> 01:24:03,905
NOW WILL IT KEEP DOING THAT IF

2046
01:24:03,972 --> 01:24:05,540
YOU ARGUE WITH IT BUT CRITERIA I

2047
01:24:05,607 --> 01:24:06,474
DON'T KNOW, I MEAN IT'S

2048
01:24:06,541 --> 01:24:08,543
PROGRAMMED TO KEEP YOU ENGAGED

2049
01:24:08,610 --> 01:24:11,246
SO YOU GO, I DON'T KNOW WELL, I

2050
01:24:11,312 --> 01:24:12,680
DO THINK VACCINES CAUSE AUTISM

2051
01:24:12,747 --> 01:24:14,649
AND HERE'S WHY, WHAT IT WILL DO

2052
01:24:14,716 --> 01:24:15,650
IF YOU STAY IN CONVERSATION WITH

2053
01:24:15,717 --> 01:24:18,486
IT BUT IF YOU ASK IT, DO

2054
01:24:18,553 --> 01:24:19,988
VACCINES CAUSE AUTISM, IT WILL

2055
01:24:20,054 --> 01:24:21,189
SAY NO, WAKE FIELD'S PAPER WAS

2056
01:24:21,256 --> 01:24:23,425
WRONG AND IT WAS RETRACTED AND

2057
01:24:23,491 --> 01:24:25,393
IT USUALLY GETS ALL THAT

2058
01:24:25,460 --> 01:24:25,627
CORRECT.

2059
01:24:25,693 --> 01:24:27,595
I TEACH A CLASS ABOUT SCIENCE

2060
01:24:27,662 --> 01:24:29,497
AND POLITICS AT GW AND I HAVE MY

2061
01:24:29,564 --> 01:24:36,070
STUDENTS DO A LOT OF THESE THING

2062
01:24:36,137 --> 01:24:37,972
AND IT--AGAIN, THIS PURELY

2063
01:24:38,039 --> 01:24:39,741
ANECDOTA, BOUND TO BE A WAY, A

2064
01:24:39,808 --> 01:24:40,809
SERIOUS ANALYSIS OF THIS COULD

2065
01:24:40,875 --> 01:24:43,111
BE DONE BUT FOR MY STUDENTS WHEN

2066
01:24:43,178 --> 01:24:44,512
THEY ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT THE

2067
01:24:44,579 --> 01:24:49,484
VARIOUS THINGS WE GO OVER, IT AT

2068
01:24:49,551 --> 01:24:54,389
LEAST STARTS TRYING TO GIVE YOU

2069
01:24:54,456 --> 01:24:55,290
THE RIGHT ANSWER.

2070
01:24:55,356 --> 01:24:56,825
NOW WHAT WORRIES ME IS IF YOU

2071
01:24:56,891 --> 01:24:58,493
GET IN AN ARGUMENT WITH IT, WHAT

2072
01:24:58,560 --> 01:25:01,996
WILL IT DO TO KEEP YOU--TO KEEP

2073
01:25:02,063 --> 01:25:02,564
YOU ENGAGED.

2074
01:25:02,630 --> 01:25:07,435
I THINK THAT COULD GO ALL KINDS

2075
01:25:07,502 --> 01:25:08,570
OF CRAZY PLACES.

2076
01:25:08,636 --> 01:25:10,872
>> SO I RECENTLY PARTICIPATED IN

2077
01:25:10,939 --> 01:25:15,176
A PANEL WITH PETER LEE,

2078
01:25:15,243 --> 01:25:16,878
MICROSOFT PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH

2079
01:25:16,945 --> 01:25:19,881
IN INCUBATION AND HE ALSO

2080
01:25:19,948 --> 01:25:22,383
PROVIDED THOSE ANECDOTAL STORIES

2081
01:25:22,450 --> 01:25:26,221
ABOUT HIS OWN ATTEMPTS TO

2082
01:25:26,287 --> 01:25:29,424
MISLEAD CHATGPT4, SO HE GAVE A

2083
01:25:29,491 --> 01:25:31,559
LIST OF SYMPTOMS AND HE NUBBING

2084
01:25:31,626 --> 01:25:34,229
IN SOMETHING THAT WOULDN'T ALIGN

2085
01:25:34,295 --> 01:25:35,129
AND THEN A RECOMMENDATION FOR

2086
01:25:35,196 --> 01:25:38,900
TREATMENT THAT HAD A MISTAKE

2087
01:25:38,967 --> 01:25:41,336
BUILD-IN, AND ALL THOSE THINGS

2088
01:25:41,402 --> 01:25:46,140
WERE PICKED UP.

2089
01:25:46,207 --> 01:25:49,143
THE ISSUE IS WITH GENERAL MODELS

2090
01:25:49,210 --> 01:25:52,380
IS THAT THEY'RE TRAINING ON DATA

2091
01:25:52,447 --> 01:25:57,852
SETS THAT ARE NOT SPECIFIC AND

2092
01:25:57,919 --> 01:25:58,586
PARTICULAR.

2093
01:25:58,653 --> 01:26:00,121
SO WITH SIMPLE MISTAKES IT PICKS

2094
01:26:00,188 --> 01:26:01,523
UP, BUT I THINK THE WAY THAT

2095
01:26:01,589 --> 01:26:03,925
SOME PEOPLE ARGUE WE SHOULD GO

2096
01:26:03,992 --> 01:26:06,461
FORWARD IS REALLY CURATE DATA

2097
01:26:06,528 --> 01:26:10,798
SETS FOR SPECIFIC USES AND NOT

2098
01:26:10,865 --> 01:26:13,434
ALLOW--IS NOT MOVE FORWARD WITH

2099
01:26:13,501 --> 01:26:16,804
VERY IMNL MODELS FOR PARTICULAR

2100
01:26:16,871 --> 01:26:21,709
MEDICAL KNOLLS, OBJECTIVES,

2101
01:26:21,776 --> 01:26:23,578
THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT BRIDGE 2 AI

2102
01:26:23,645 --> 01:26:25,680
IS TRYING TO DO, CURATE THIS

2103
01:26:25,747 --> 01:26:30,018
GOLD DATA SET FOR TRAINING.

2104
01:26:30,084 --> 01:26:33,221
SO I TEND TO AGREE THAT AT A

2105
01:26:33,288 --> 01:26:35,223
SUPERFICIAL LEVEL BASED ON

2106
01:26:35,290 --> 01:26:36,724
ANECDOTAL REPORTING THAT WE'RE

2107
01:26:36,791 --> 01:26:38,660
HEARING EVERYWHERE, IT'S PRETTY

2108
01:26:38,726 --> 01:26:41,329
GOOD AT PICKING UP

2109
01:26:41,396 --> 01:26:43,031
MISINFORMATION OR MISTAKES THAT

2110
01:26:43,097 --> 01:26:46,601
ARE BUILT IN TO TEST IT, BUT HOW

2111
01:26:46,668 --> 01:26:48,536
RELIABLE IT IS, I DON'T THINK

2112
01:26:48,603 --> 01:26:49,871
ANYBODY KNOWS AT THIS POINT AND

2113
01:26:49,938 --> 01:26:53,875
THE TECHNOLOGY IS IMPROVING

2114
01:26:53,942 --> 01:26:56,544
LITERALLY EVERY DAY.

2115
01:26:56,611 --> 01:27:01,583
>> SO, IF WE HAVE A QUESTION, IF

2116
01:27:01,649 --> 01:27:03,618
AI CONTINUES ITS PRESENT RATE OF

2117
01:27:03,685 --> 01:27:04,919
DEVELOPMENT AND EXTENSION AND

2118
01:27:04,986 --> 01:27:08,957
EVERYTHING, WHAT DO YOU THINK

2119
01:27:09,023 --> 01:27:12,360
THE EFFECT OF THE SAY WITHIN

2120
01:27:12,427 --> 01:27:16,931
ABOUT 5 YEARS ON MEDICAL CARE IS

2121
01:27:16,998 --> 01:27:17,999
GOING TO BE?

2122
01:27:18,066 --> 01:27:22,003
>> MY CRYSTAL BALL SAYS THAT I

2123
01:27:22,070 --> 01:27:24,539
THINK 1 OF THE PLACES WHERE

2124
01:27:24,606 --> 01:27:31,379
PEOPLE ARE REALLY EXCITED IS THE

2125
01:27:31,446 --> 01:27:31,913
NOTION OF REDUCING

2126
01:27:31,980 --> 01:27:33,982
ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN ON

2127
01:27:34,048 --> 01:27:37,118
CLINICIANS, SO, SYSTEMS THAT

2128
01:27:37,185 --> 01:27:38,720
GENERATE NOTES, AMBIENT

2129
01:27:38,786 --> 01:27:42,924
REPORTING OF CONVERSATIONS,

2130
01:27:42,991 --> 01:27:43,925
SYNTHESIS, PROPOSING TREATMENT,

2131
01:27:43,992 --> 01:27:45,059
ACCOMMODATIONS AND TESTS THAT

2132
01:27:45,126 --> 01:27:47,829
THE CLINICIAN CAN THEN EDIT

2133
01:27:47,895 --> 01:27:49,097
INSTEAD OF GENERATE, THESE

2134
01:27:49,163 --> 01:27:51,499
THINGS ARE ALREADY HERE, THEY'RE

2135
01:27:51,566 --> 01:27:53,801
WORKING QUITE WELL, AS I SAID,

2136
01:27:53,868 --> 01:27:55,470
THERE'S THE RISK OF DE-SKILLING,

2137
01:27:55,536 --> 01:27:57,005
WE DON'T WANT TO OVERRELY ON

2138
01:27:57,071 --> 01:27:59,674
THEM BUT I THINK 1 OF THE FIRST

2139
01:27:59,741 --> 01:28:01,876
IMPACS WE WILL SEE IS IN

2140
01:28:01,943 --> 01:28:06,347
REDUCING BURN OUT AND REDUCING

2141
01:28:06,414 --> 01:28:07,081
ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN.

2142
01:28:07,148 --> 01:28:09,017
OF COURSE, WE WOULD LIKE THOSE

2143
01:28:09,083 --> 01:28:13,287
RESOURCES THAT ARE LIBERATED TO

2144
01:28:13,354 --> 01:28:17,058
GO INTO PATIENT CARE AND HUMAN

2145
01:28:17,125 --> 01:28:18,693
CONTACT AND NOT JUST YOU KNOW

2146
01:28:18,760 --> 01:28:20,762
INCREASE THE BURDEN ON

2147
01:28:20,828 --> 01:28:22,263
CLINICIANS BY EXPECTING THEM TO

2148
01:28:22,330 --> 01:28:25,099
SEE MORE PATIENTS BECAUSE THEY

2149
01:28:25,166 --> 01:28:31,072
HAVE TO WRITE LESS NOTES IS

2150
01:28:31,139 --> 01:28:33,041
SOMETHING ABOUT THE CLENICAL,

2151
01:28:33,107 --> 01:28:34,008
SOMETHING ABOUT THE CLINICAL

2152
01:28:34,075 --> 01:28:36,044
INTEGRATION WILL BE A BIG CHANGE

2153
01:28:36,110 --> 01:28:37,945
PROBABLY IN THE FIRST 5 YEARS

2154
01:28:38,012 --> 01:28:40,348
AND THEN IMAGING, THE POWER OF

2155
01:28:40,415 --> 01:28:43,851
THE ALGORITHMS AND ACCURATELY,

2156
01:28:43,918 --> 01:28:45,520
READING AND INTRURP RETINAL

2157
01:28:45,586 --> 01:28:46,220
LOCATIONING IMAGES BETTER THAN

2158
01:28:46,287 --> 01:28:49,290
THE HUMAN EYE IS ALSO BECOMING,

2159
01:28:49,357 --> 01:28:51,492
YOU KNOW VERY WELL TEABED SO

2160
01:28:51,559 --> 01:28:52,527
THIS IS PROBABLY ANOTHER CHANGE

2161
01:28:52,593 --> 01:28:55,096
THAT WE WILL SEE IN THE COMING 5

2162
01:28:55,163 --> 01:28:57,598
YEARS WHERE, THE STANDARD OF

2163
01:28:57,665 --> 01:29:01,169
CARE WILL SWITCH FROM AI WITH

2164
01:29:01,235 --> 01:29:02,904
SPECIFIC IMAGES AND SOMETIMES TO

2165
01:29:02,970 --> 01:29:06,074
ALMOST STANDARD OF CARE OF

2166
01:29:06,140 --> 01:29:07,542
CAPACITY IN CERTAIN DIAGNOSTIC

2167
01:29:07,608 --> 01:29:12,046
IMAGES AND SOME CONTEXT THAT AI

2168
01:29:12,113 --> 01:29:13,681
USED WILL BECOME THE STANDARD OF

2169
01:29:13,748 --> 01:29:15,583
CARE, SO THESE ARE THE 2 THINGS

2170
01:29:15,650 --> 01:29:19,654
THAT I'M HEARING, ARE THE MOST

2171
01:29:19,721 --> 01:29:21,689
ADVANCED AND THEREFORE WE CAN

2172
01:29:21,756 --> 01:29:23,324
EXPECT REAL DIFFERENCE IN THE

2173
01:29:23,391 --> 01:29:25,259
DELIVERY OF CARE EMPLOY OTHER

2174
01:29:25,326 --> 01:29:26,594
THINGS, IT'S JUST NOBODY KNOWS,

2175
01:29:26,661 --> 01:29:29,230
ARE WE TALKING ABOUT A 6 MONTH

2176
01:29:29,297 --> 01:29:31,466
HORIZON OR A 6 YEAR HORIZON.

2177
01:29:31,532 --> 01:29:33,434
PEOPLE REALLY STRUGGLE WITH THIS

2178
01:29:33,501 --> 01:29:34,936
ANSWER, EVEN THE DEVELOPERS

2179
01:29:35,002 --> 01:29:36,304
THEMSELVES BECAUSE AGAIN, THE

2180
01:29:36,370 --> 01:29:38,740
PACE OF LEARNING OF THE

2181
01:29:38,806 --> 01:29:40,608
ALGORITHMS IS SO ALMOST

2182
01:29:40,675 --> 01:29:44,779
UNPREDICTABLE, THAT I'VE HEARD

2183
01:29:44,846 --> 01:29:45,613
VERY DIVERSE PREDICTIONS BUT

2184
01:29:45,680 --> 01:29:47,915
THOSE 2 THAT I NAMED, I THINK ON

2185
01:29:47,982 --> 01:29:50,518
A 5 YEAR HORIZON ARE PRETTY--I

2186
01:29:50,585 --> 01:29:51,919
KNOW PEOPLE ARE PRETTY CONFIDENT

2187
01:29:51,986 --> 01:29:53,755
WE WILL SEE THAT DIFFERENCE

2188
01:29:53,821 --> 01:29:54,889
ALREADY PRESENT IN OUR

2189
01:29:54,956 --> 01:29:56,457
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM.

2190
01:29:56,524 --> 01:29:57,425
>> YEAH, I THINK--I JUST CAME

2191
01:29:57,492 --> 01:29:59,193
FROM A MEETING WITH A BUNCH OF

2192
01:29:59,260 --> 01:30:00,795
JOURNALIST WHO IS COVER THIS,

2193
01:30:00,862 --> 01:30:06,334
AND I THINK A LOT OF THEM

2194
01:30:06,400 --> 01:30:12,540
BELIEVE THAT THE PACE OF DORPHY

2195
01:30:12,607 --> 01:30:14,008
-DISCOVERY IS GOING TO

2196
01:30:14,075 --> 01:30:14,742
DEPEND ON WHETHER PEOPLE CAN

2197
01:30:14,809 --> 01:30:17,745
FIGURE OUT HOW TO PAY FOR THIS.

2198
01:30:17,812 --> 01:30:19,046
RIGHT NOW COMPANIES ARE PUTTING

2199
01:30:19,113 --> 01:30:21,015
UP BILLIONS AND BILLIONS IN

2200
01:30:21,082 --> 01:30:22,416
FRONT IS IT'S NOT CLEAR HOW THIS

2201
01:30:22,483 --> 01:30:24,285
STUFF IS GOING TO GET PAID FOR

2202
01:30:24,352 --> 01:30:25,553
AND EEIVETTUALLY THEY'RE GOING

2203
01:30:25,620 --> 01:30:29,257
TO TIRE OF DOING THAT, SO YOU

2204
01:30:29,323 --> 01:30:31,025
KNOW THE SERVERS EAT A LOT OF

2205
01:30:31,092 --> 01:30:32,794
ENERGY AND IT TAKES A LOT OF

2206
01:30:32,860 --> 01:30:34,862
HIGH QUALITY PROGRAMMERS TO MAKE

2207
01:30:34,929 --> 01:30:36,597
THESE THINGS, AND TO MAKE THEM

2208
01:30:36,664 --> 01:30:37,565
AVAILABLE AND MAINTAIN THE

2209
01:30:37,632 --> 01:30:40,001
SERVERS AND ALL THAT STUFF, AND

2210
01:30:40,067 --> 01:30:42,537
SO, HOW EXACTLY ARE THEY GETTING

2211
01:30:42,603 --> 01:30:42,904
MONEY?

2212
01:30:42,970 --> 01:30:45,540
I MEAN YOU CAN GO USE CHAT GPT

2213
01:30:45,606 --> 01:30:46,841
FOR FREE, THESE THINGS THAT MAKE

2214
01:30:46,908 --> 01:30:48,509
CODE OR THESE THINGS THAT MAKE

2215
01:30:48,576 --> 01:30:49,811
IMAGES, YOU KNOW THEY'RE SLOWLY

2216
01:30:49,877 --> 01:30:51,546
TARTING TO CHARGE FOR THAT BUT

2217
01:30:51,612 --> 01:30:52,947
WILL THEY BE ABLE TO DO THAT

2218
01:30:53,014 --> 01:30:56,050
FAST ENOUGH TO CONTINUE TO PAY

2219
01:30:56,117 --> 01:30:57,418
FOR THE RESEARCH?

2220
01:30:57,485 --> 01:30:58,052
THAT'S AN UNKNOWN.

2221
01:30:58,119 --> 01:31:00,021
IT'S A LOT LIKE WHEN THE

2222
01:31:00,087 --> 01:31:00,755
INTERNET FIRST CAME ALONG AND

2223
01:31:00,822 --> 01:31:02,757
MOST OF THE WEBSITES THAT

2224
01:31:02,824 --> 01:31:04,725
STARTED DIDN'T MAKE IT UNTIL

2225
01:31:04,792 --> 01:31:06,694
AMAZON AND GOOGLE FIGURED OUT

2226
01:31:06,761 --> 01:31:09,797
HOW TO SCALE ADs AND AMAZON

2227
01:31:09,864 --> 01:31:11,732
FIGURED OUT HOW TO BUILD ALL

2228
01:31:11,799 --> 01:31:13,000
THOSE WAREHOUSES AND STUFF.

2229
01:31:13,067 --> 01:31:14,368
>> WE HAVE A QUESTION IN THE

2230
01:31:14,435 --> 01:31:14,635
AUDIENCE.

2231
01:31:14,702 --> 01:31:16,137
>> YEAH, I JUST WANT TO PUSH A

2232
01:31:16,204 --> 01:31:19,774
LITTLE BIT ON THE NOTION OF

2233
01:31:19,841 --> 01:31:23,644
CURATING THE DATA SET THAT YOU

2234
01:31:23,711 --> 01:31:23,945
ACCRUE.

2235
01:31:24,011 --> 01:31:28,216
BECAUSE IT JUST SEEMS TO ME AS I

2236
01:31:28,282 --> 01:31:30,651
THINK ABOUT IT THAT I'VE

2237
01:31:30,718 --> 01:31:32,286
ALWAYS--ALWAYS, THIS IS LIKE IN

2238
01:31:32,353 --> 01:31:33,454
THE LAST WHATEVER 2 YEARS WHEN

2239
01:31:33,521 --> 01:31:37,592
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT

2240
01:31:37,658 --> 01:31:38,960
THIS, CURATING THIS DATA SET AS

2241
01:31:39,026 --> 01:31:41,929
KIND OF A WEIGHTED AVERAGE SO

2242
01:31:41,996 --> 01:31:45,099
THAT YOU COME UP WITH THE

2243
01:31:45,166 --> 01:31:47,301
PERFECT ANSWER FOR THE WHOLE

2244
01:31:47,368 --> 01:31:50,404
POPULATION, BUT IN OUR CLINICS,

2245
01:31:50,471 --> 01:31:53,074
IF WE'RE TALKING ABOUT USING AI

2246
01:31:53,140 --> 01:31:56,711
IN MEDICINE, WE'RE SEEING THE

2247
01:31:56,777 --> 01:31:58,713
INDIVIDUAL WHO MAY BE AT 1 END

2248
01:31:58,779 --> 01:32:02,550
OR OTHER OF THE BELL SHAPED

2249
01:32:02,617 --> 01:32:02,884
CURVE, RIGHT?

2250
01:32:02,950 --> 01:32:05,186
SO SOMEHOW THE WAY TO DO THIS

2251
01:32:05,253 --> 01:32:11,425
MUST BE AT SOME SET POINT

2252
01:32:11,492 --> 01:32:13,461
BETWEEN PERFECT PERSONALIZED

2253
01:32:13,527 --> 01:32:16,764
MEDICINE SO THAT YOU PARSE OUT

2254
01:32:16,831 --> 01:32:21,636
BY DOZENS OF CHARACTERISTICS

2255
01:32:21,702 --> 01:32:25,273
WHERE IN THE SPECTRUM THIS

2256
01:32:25,339 --> 01:32:27,141
PERSON ACTUALLY FITS AND AT THE

2257
01:32:27,208 --> 01:32:28,309
OTHER EXTREME, GETTING THIS

2258
01:32:28,376 --> 01:32:31,379
WEIGHTED AVERAGE WHERE YOU HAVE

2259
01:32:31,445 --> 01:32:34,015
A PERFECT ANSWER FOR EVERYBODY

2260
01:32:34,081 --> 01:32:36,617
THAT WORKS--WALKS INTO YOUR

2261
01:32:36,684 --> 01:32:38,853
OFFICE THAT IS AN AVERAGE, AND I

2262
01:32:38,920 --> 01:32:42,056
MEAN CLEARLY NOT SO   PERFEC,

2263
01:32:42,123 --> 01:32:44,592
IT'S A POPULATION ANSWER SO--SO

2264
01:32:44,659 --> 01:32:50,998
HOW DO WE FIGURE OUT WHAT WE DO

2265
01:32:51,065 --> 01:32:56,003
WITH THIS VERY DIVERSE DATA SET

2266
01:32:56,070 --> 01:32:58,439
I MEAN, DO WE--DO WE ACCRUE A

2267
01:32:58,506 --> 01:33:00,641
SET THAT IS A CUMULATIVE SET AND

2268
01:33:00,708 --> 01:33:07,348
THEN PARSE IT OUT BY SUBSETS OF

2269
01:33:07,415 --> 01:33:07,915
CHARACTERISTICS?

2270
01:33:07,982 --> 01:33:13,354
AND IF SO, WHAT CHARACTERISTICS

2271
01:33:13,421 --> 01:33:15,523
DO WE USE TO PARSE IT OUT OR DO

2272
01:33:15,589 --> 01:33:17,491
WE TAKE THIS WHOLE DATA SET AND

2273
01:33:17,558 --> 01:33:20,227
SAY THE ANSWER IS ISSUE THE

2274
01:33:20,294 --> 01:33:21,829
WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF EVERYBODY.

2275
01:33:21,896 --> 01:33:26,467
I'M NOT SURE HOW WE KNOW WHERE

2276
01:33:26,534 --> 01:33:27,268
THAT SITS.

2277
01:33:27,335 --> 01:33:29,203
>> YEAH, 1 THING THAT WORRIES ME

2278
01:33:29,270 --> 01:33:30,805
IN TERMS OF THE SCIENTIFIC

2279
01:33:30,871 --> 01:33:33,040
LITERATURE IS WE DON'T PUBLISH

2280
01:33:33,107 --> 01:33:35,476
CASE REPORTS THAT SAY, SO AND SO

2281
01:33:35,543 --> 01:33:39,947
PRESENTED WITH SUCH AND SUCH,

2282
01:33:40,014 --> 01:33:41,682
WAS OBVIOUS DIAGNOSIS, WAS GIIVE

2283
01:33:41,749 --> 01:33:43,784
STANDARD OF CARE AND DID FINE,

2284
01:33:43,851 --> 01:33:44,151
RIGHT?

2285
01:33:44,218 --> 01:33:45,653
SO WE ONLY PUBLISHED, YOU KNOW

2286
01:33:45,720 --> 01:33:47,388
THIS PERSON CAME IN, WE DIDN'T

2287
01:33:47,455 --> 01:33:49,690
KNOW WHAT WAS WRONG WITH THEM,

2288
01:33:49,757 --> 01:33:51,258
IT WAS THIS EXOTIC THING AND WE

2289
01:33:51,325 --> 01:33:52,693
CAME UP WITH THIS WAY OF

2290
01:33:52,760 --> 01:33:54,095
TREATING IT, IS IT

2291
01:33:54,161 --> 01:33:55,162
GOING--BECAUSE THOSE THINGS ARE

2292
01:33:55,229 --> 01:33:56,564
MORE PREVALENT IN THE SCIENTIFIC

2293
01:33:56,630 --> 01:33:58,599
LITERATURE, IS IT GOING TO

2294
01:33:58,666 --> 01:33:59,433
OVERWEIGHT THEM COMPARED TO

2295
01:33:59,500 --> 01:34:01,502
PEOPLE JUST COME IN AND GET THE

2296
01:34:01,569 --> 01:34:03,137
STANDARD OF CARE AND DO OKAY,

2297
01:34:03,204 --> 01:34:05,006
AND ARE EASY TO DIAGNOSE, I

2298
01:34:05,072 --> 01:34:06,073
DON'T KNOW.

2299
01:34:06,140 --> 01:34:12,313
NI MEAN WE ENCOUNTERED THIS IN A

2300
01:34:12,380 --> 01:34:13,814
MUCH LESS TECHNOLOGIC LOAMACYY

2301
01:34:13,881 --> 01:34:15,649
COMPLEX UNIVERSE WHEN WE WENT TO

2302
01:34:15,716 --> 01:34:17,785
ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS AND

2303
01:34:17,852 --> 01:34:20,788
WE WERE ASKED TO WRITE, WE WERE

2304
01:34:20,855 --> 01:34:23,524
ASKED TO WRITE MACROS FOR HOW

2305
01:34:23,591 --> 01:34:26,360
YOU TREAT DEC X BUT IN

2306
01:34:26,427 --> 01:34:27,895
THAT--DISEASE X BUT IN THAT

2307
01:34:27,962 --> 01:34:29,764
ALGORITHM THAT WE PUT INTO THE

2308
01:34:29,830 --> 01:34:30,498
ELECTRONIC DATABASE WE FORGOT

2309
01:34:30,564 --> 01:34:37,271
THAT SOME OF OUR PATIENTS ARE 25

2310
01:34:37,338 --> 01:34:41,142
WEEK PREMIES, OR THAT SOME OF

2311
01:34:41,208 --> 01:34:42,643
OUR PATIENTS WEIGH 900 KILOS OR

2312
01:34:42,710 --> 01:34:46,647
WHATEVER IT IS AND YOU KNOW

2313
01:34:46,714 --> 01:34:50,618
THE--WE MAKE MAKE MISTAKES LESS

2314
01:34:50,684 --> 01:34:54,288
FREQUENTLY OVER ALL BUT WE MAY

2315
01:34:54,355 --> 01:34:58,926
MAKE THEM PREFERENTIALLY IN THE

2316
01:34:58,993 --> 01:35:02,997
OUTLIER POPULATIONS AND I JUST

2317
01:35:03,064 --> 01:35:07,902
WORRY ABOUT THAT.

2318
01:35:07,968 --> 01:35:09,036
>> VARDIT?

2319
01:35:09,103 --> 01:35:11,238
NI AM THE BIOETHICISTOT TEAM SO

2320
01:35:11,305 --> 01:35:12,506
I FEEL LIKE THIS QUESTION DRAGS

2321
01:35:12,573 --> 01:35:14,075
ME OUT OF MY SCOPE AND

2322
01:35:14,141 --> 01:35:16,444
DEFINITELY OUT OF MY COMFORT

2323
01:35:16,510 --> 01:35:18,579
ZONE BUT IT'S INTERESTING WHEN I

2324
01:35:18,646 --> 01:35:21,482
LISTEN TO THE OTHER PARTS, THE

2325
01:35:21,549 --> 01:35:24,652
OTHER TEAM MEMBERS DISCUSS THE

2326
01:35:24,718 --> 01:35:27,288
DATA COLLECTION, HOW ON 1 HAND

2327
01:35:27,354 --> 01:35:29,056
THEY'RE SPEAKING BASED ON

2328
01:35:29,123 --> 01:35:31,225
DISEASE CATEGORIES, SO, YOU KNOW

2329
01:35:31,292 --> 01:35:34,795
WHAT IS TYPICAL FOR PARKINSON'S,

2330
01:35:34,862 --> 01:35:37,498
WHAT VOICE DEVIATION CAN BE

2331
01:35:37,565 --> 01:35:39,867
EXPECTED AND BECOME PREDICTIVE

2332
01:35:39,934 --> 01:35:41,902
OF DISEASE PROGRESSION FOR

2333
01:35:41,969 --> 01:35:44,105
EXAMPLE, ON THE OTHER HAND, THEY

2334
01:35:44,171 --> 01:35:48,742
TALK ABOUT AGE GROUPS, OBVIOUSLY

2335
01:35:48,809 --> 01:35:50,578
A CHILD DOESN'T SOUND LIKE AN

2336
01:35:50,644 --> 01:35:54,949
ELDERLY PERSON, ET CETERA, SO

2337
01:35:55,015 --> 01:35:57,518
AGAIN, THE DIVERSITY OF THE DATA

2338
01:35:57,585 --> 01:36:00,888
HERE IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND I

2339
01:36:00,955 --> 01:36:03,891
THINK THE GOAL IS TO COME UP

2340
01:36:03,958 --> 01:36:07,728
WITH CHARACTERISTICS THAT WOULD

2341
01:36:07,795 --> 01:36:09,230
ARK LOW EARLIER DIAGNOSIS ASK

2342
01:36:09,296 --> 01:36:11,866
FOLLOW UP AT THE LEVEL OF

2343
01:36:11,932 --> 01:36:14,034
PRECISION MEDICINE, SO, IF WE

2344
01:36:14,101 --> 01:36:17,138
KNOW THAT A TYPICAL--THE TYPICAL

2345
01:36:17,204 --> 01:36:21,475
CHANGES TO VOICE AND SPEECH

2346
01:36:21,542 --> 01:36:25,146
ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S OR

2347
01:36:25,212 --> 01:36:28,749
LARYNGIAL CANCER, OR LOOK LIKE

2348
01:36:28,816 --> 01:36:30,851
THAT, IT THEN--IT THEN ALLOWS

2349
01:36:30,918 --> 01:36:33,220
YOU TO TAILOR THAT TO THE BASE

2350
01:36:33,287 --> 01:36:36,090
LINE OF THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT.

2351
01:36:36,157 --> 01:36:38,526
I AM REPORTING SECTD HAND MY

2352
01:36:38,592 --> 01:36:38,893
UNDERSTANDING.

2353
01:36:38,959 --> 01:36:41,195
I HAVE OF THOSE GOALS, IT'S

2354
01:36:41,262 --> 01:36:45,166
REALLY NOT WHAT I DO ON THE

2355
01:36:45,232 --> 01:36:46,700
PROJECT BUT I THINK YOU'RE

2356
01:36:46,767 --> 01:36:48,068
PUTTING YOUR FINGER ON AN

2357
01:36:48,135 --> 01:36:50,037
IMPORTANT ISSUE AND AN IMPORTANT

2358
01:36:50,104 --> 01:36:50,304
CHALLENGE.

2359
01:36:50,371 --> 01:36:51,872
I WILL JUST KEEP MY ANSWER AT

2360
01:36:51,939 --> 01:36:56,310
THAT LEVEL SO I DON'T SPEAK TOO

2361
01:36:56,377 --> 01:37:01,282
MUCH OUT OF MY ZONE OF

2362
01:37:01,348 --> 01:37:01,549
EXPERTISE.

2363
01:37:01,615 --> 01:37:02,750
>> THANK YOU DR. SHORE.

2364
01:37:02,816 --> 01:37:06,754
WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION IN THE

2365
01:37:06,820 --> 01:37:07,021
AUDIENCE.

2366
01:37:07,087 --> 01:37:08,155
>> KIND OF A QUICK 1.

2367
01:37:08,222 --> 01:37:09,723
YOU KIND OF ALLUDED TO THIS, I

2368
01:37:09,790 --> 01:37:12,726
THINK BUT MY QUESTION IS, WHAT'S

2369
01:37:12,793 --> 01:37:16,063
GOING STOP THIS ALL FROM DOING

2370
01:37:16,130 --> 01:37:18,999
INTO BOEING, SO MY UNDERSTAND

2371
01:37:19,066 --> 01:37:22,069
SUGGEST THAT BOEING STARTED WITH

2372
01:37:22,136 --> 01:37:23,571
ENGINEERS AND PEOPLE WHO WANTED

2373
01:37:23,637 --> 01:37:26,273
TO MAKE THE BEST PRODUCT, AND

2374
01:37:26,340 --> 01:37:27,741
OVER TIME LEADERSHIP DISAPPEARED

2375
01:37:27,808 --> 01:37:29,743
AND THEN THEY GOT TAKEN OVER BY

2376
01:37:29,810 --> 01:37:31,045
BEAN COUNTERS SO WHAT WILL STOP

2377
01:37:31,111 --> 01:37:32,680
THAT FROM HAPPENING HERE, IT

2378
01:37:32,746 --> 01:37:36,884
COULD REALLY GO HAYWIRE?

2379
01:37:36,951 --> 01:37:38,385
>> WELL, HAS BT THAT ALREADY

2380
01:37:38,452 --> 01:37:40,521
HAPPENED TO SOME EXTENT, BETWEEN

2381
01:37:40,588 --> 01:37:41,755
THE HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES

2382
01:37:41,822 --> 01:37:44,792
AND THE HOSPITAL ADMIN TRAITORS,

2383
01:37:44,858 --> 01:37:46,727
PROBABLY ALREADY THE CASE, SO,

2384
01:37:46,794 --> 01:37:50,731
YEAH, HOW DO YOU IMAGINE THIS

2385
01:37:50,798 --> 01:37:51,432
MAKING IT WORSE?

2386
01:37:51,498 --> 01:37:54,168
>> BECAUSE IT'S MORE POWERFUL, I

2387
01:37:54,235 --> 01:37:54,501
THINK.

2388
01:37:54,568 --> 01:37:57,738
>> IT COULD BE DONE FASTER, I

2389
01:37:57,805 --> 01:37:58,072
GUESS.

2390
01:37:58,138 --> 01:37:58,439
>> YEAH.

2391
01:37:58,505 --> 01:37:58,706
>> YEAH.

2392
01:37:58,772 --> 01:38:00,908
>> AND IT WILL GIVE THE BEAN

2393
01:38:00,975 --> 01:38:02,209
COUNTERS MORE DATA TO COUNT.

2394
01:38:02,276 --> 01:38:03,644
>> YEAH, I'M SURE OUR

2395
01:38:03,711 --> 01:38:06,814
BIOETHICIST IS THINK BEING THIS

2396
01:38:06,880 --> 01:38:07,748
A LOT.

2397
01:38:07,815 --> 01:38:10,251
>> YEAH, SO EVERYBODY'S THINKING

2398
01:38:10,317 --> 01:38:15,055
ABOUT GOVERNANCE AS GUARD RAILS.

2399
01:38:15,122 --> 01:38:18,892
EVERYBODY'S ACUTELY AWARE OF

2400
01:38:18,959 --> 01:38:21,228
THESE RISKS AND EVERYBODY'S ALSO

2401
01:38:21,295 --> 01:38:24,865
WORRIED THAT A REGULATORY

2402
01:38:24,932 --> 01:38:28,535
APPROACH IS INSUFFICIENT.

2403
01:38:28,602 --> 01:38:31,071
THE COMMERCIAL DRIVE AS ALREADY

2404
01:38:31,138 --> 01:38:32,573
NOTED IS IMMENSE, AND

2405
01:38:32,640 --> 01:38:34,775
EVERYBODY'S TALKING ABOUT

2406
01:38:34,842 --> 01:38:35,342
PATIENT-CENTERED AND

2407
01:38:35,409 --> 01:38:40,447
HUMAN-CENTERED CENTERED AI DEVET

2408
01:38:40,514 --> 01:38:42,116
AND DELIVERING THE BENEFITS IN A

2409
01:38:42,182 --> 01:38:44,551
WAY THAT OUTWAYS THE RISKS, HOW

2410
01:38:44,618 --> 01:38:47,955
TO GET THERE, IT'S REALLY OUR

2411
01:38:48,022 --> 01:38:49,590
SOCIETY DECIDING THAT THIS

2412
01:38:49,657 --> 01:38:53,394
DESERVES THE RIGHT KIND OF

2413
01:38:53,460 --> 01:38:56,230
REGULATORY APPROACHES, TO KEEP

2414
01:38:56,297 --> 01:38:58,932
BAD ACTORS UNDER CONTROL, LIKE

2415
01:38:58,999 --> 01:39:00,134
IN ANY OTHER OF SCIENCE, THE

2416
01:39:00,200 --> 01:39:02,569
TOOL IS JUST A TOOL, IT'S WHAT

2417
01:39:02,636 --> 01:39:04,338
WE DO WITH IT AND I THINK

2418
01:39:04,405 --> 01:39:07,107
EVERYBODY REALIZES THAT WITHOUT

2419
01:39:07,174 --> 01:39:08,042
GOOD GOVERNANCE, THIS--THE HARM

2420
01:39:08,108 --> 01:39:09,810
THAT COULD BE GENERATED, AGAIN

2421
01:39:09,877 --> 01:39:13,013
I'M USING THE SAME TERM, IS

2422
01:39:13,080 --> 01:39:13,814
UNPRECEDENTED.

2423
01:39:13,881 --> 01:39:18,452
SO THERE'S ALL THOSE NATIONAL

2424
01:39:18,519 --> 01:39:20,154
AROUND THE WORLD AND GLOBAL

2425
01:39:20,220 --> 01:39:23,724
INITIATIVES TO WORKING GROUPS

2426
01:39:23,791 --> 01:39:26,427
AND THINK TANKS AND MEDICAL

2427
01:39:26,493 --> 01:39:27,127
SOCIETIES, EVERYBODY'S PUTTING

2428
01:39:27,194 --> 01:39:28,962
THEIR HEADS TOGETHER TO TRY AND

2429
01:39:29,029 --> 01:39:31,632
COME UP WITH THOSE GUARD RAILS,

2430
01:39:31,699 --> 01:39:34,835
BUT IT'S EARLY DAYS AND I THINK

2431
01:39:34,902 --> 01:39:37,705
WHAT POLICY APPROACHES WILL END

2432
01:39:37,771 --> 01:39:39,773
UP BEING EFFECTIVE, AND WILL BE

2433
01:39:39,840 --> 01:39:44,311
PICKED UP, TIME WILL TELL NI'M

2434
01:39:44,378 --> 01:39:45,813
ALSO VERY SURPRISED BY TRULY

2435
01:39:45,879 --> 01:39:46,680
INTELIENT PEOPLE WHO DEEPLY

2436
01:39:46,747 --> 01:39:47,715
BELIEVE THAT GOVERNMENT IS

2437
01:39:47,781 --> 01:39:50,017
TAKING OVER OUR MINDS AND OUR

2438
01:39:50,084 --> 01:39:51,418
BODIES AND THERE'S A VERY

2439
01:39:51,485 --> 01:39:54,621
SIZABLE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WHO

2440
01:39:54,688 --> 01:39:56,023
I KNOW INTELLIGENT PEOPLE AND

2441
01:39:56,090 --> 01:39:56,857
THEY REALLY, REALLY BELIEVE THIS

2442
01:39:56,924 --> 01:39:58,292
AND SO I THINK THERE'S GOING TO

2443
01:39:58,359 --> 01:40:01,595
BE A LOT OF BLOW BACK TO THIS AS

2444
01:40:01,662 --> 01:40:01,795
WELL.

2445
01:40:01,862 --> 01:40:03,731
PEOPLE ARE GOING TO FIGHT

2446
01:40:03,797 --> 01:40:05,699
AGAINST IT, THAT'S MY FEELING.

2447
01:40:05,766 --> 01:40:09,336
>> YEAH, I'M WORRY BODY THAT

2448
01:40:09,403 --> 01:40:09,536
ALSO.

2449
01:40:09,603 --> 01:40:13,941
>> BOTH OF YOU USE THE WORD

2450
01:40:14,007 --> 01:40:15,743
RIGHT IN 1 OF THE COMMENTS ABOUT

2451
01:40:15,809 --> 01:40:18,011
WRITING AND SO 1 OF THE

2452
01:40:18,078 --> 01:40:19,413
QUESTIONS THAT YOU MIGHT BE

2453
01:40:19,480 --> 01:40:24,985
INTERESTED IN YOUR VIEWS, HOW IS

2454
01:40:25,052 --> 01:40:26,954
THE--ARE YOU CONCERNED ABOUT THE

2455
01:40:27,020 --> 01:40:31,492
AVAILABILITY OF AI IN TERMS OF

2456
01:40:31,558 --> 01:40:34,762
EFFECTING THE ABILITY OF OUR

2457
01:40:34,828 --> 01:40:38,632
FUTURE OF OUR STUDENTS AT ALL TO

2458
01:40:38,699 --> 01:40:40,134
BE ABLE TO WRITE WHETHER THEY'RE

2459
01:40:40,200 --> 01:40:44,071
WRITING FOR A JOURNAL LIKE

2460
01:40:44,138 --> 01:40:49,009
SCIENCE OR SOCIAL SCIENCE AREA,

2461
01:40:49,076 --> 01:40:50,344
IS THERE SOME CONCERN ABOUT THE

2462
01:40:50,411 --> 01:40:56,283
IMPACT ON THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

2463
01:40:56,350 --> 01:41:00,254
PARTICULARLY INFLUENCING THEIR

2464
01:41:00,320 --> 01:41:02,556
ABILITY TO WRITE?

2465
01:41:02,623 --> 01:41:04,525
>> YEAH, SO, MY CLASS AT GW IS

2466
01:41:04,591 --> 01:41:07,394
BASED ON WRITING ASSIGNMENTS AND

2467
01:41:07,461 --> 01:41:09,363
IT'S FOR FRESH MEN AND SO THIS

2468
01:41:09,430 --> 01:41:13,000
WAS THE FIRST YEAR I DID THAT

2469
01:41:13,066 --> 01:41:14,201
SINCE CHAT GPT HAD COME ALONG.

2470
01:41:14,268 --> 01:41:16,303
AND SO WHAT I DECIDED TO DO WAS

2471
01:41:16,370 --> 01:41:18,839
TO GIVE THEM AND THE PROMPTS,

2472
01:41:18,906 --> 01:41:20,474
YOU KNOW FOR FIRST YEAR

2473
01:41:20,541 --> 01:41:22,342
UNDERGRADUATES, YOU CAN'T GIVE

2474
01:41:22,409 --> 01:41:26,647
THEM SUPER COMPLICATED PROMPTS

2475
01:41:26,713 --> 01:41:28,048
THAT--ON THEIR FIRST DAY OF

2476
01:41:28,115 --> 01:41:28,282
COLLEGE.

2477
01:41:28,348 --> 01:41:30,584
SO MOST OF THE PROMPTS CHAT GPT

2478
01:41:30,651 --> 01:41:33,987
COULD PROBABLY GET A B ON PRETTY

2479
01:41:34,054 --> 01:41:36,657
EASILY THAT YOU COULD USE, SO

2480
01:41:36,723 --> 01:41:38,659
WHAT I DID WAS AND THE STUDENTS

2481
01:41:38,725 --> 01:41:39,827
DID NOT COMPLAIN ABOUT THIS SO I

2482
01:41:39,893 --> 01:41:42,463
GUESS THAT WOULD BE THE NO 1

2483
01:41:42,529 --> 01:41:44,031
DROPPED WHEN I TOLD THEM THIS

2484
01:41:44,097 --> 01:41:44,398
WAS THE PLAN.

2485
01:41:44,465 --> 01:41:46,800
SO IF YOU WANT THE OPTIMISTIC

2486
01:41:46,867 --> 01:41:49,770
PIECE, THAT WOULD BE IT.

2487
01:41:49,837 --> 01:41:54,074
I GAVE THEM THE PROMPT AND I

2488
01:41:54,141 --> 01:41:56,276
GAVE THEM WHAT CHAT GPT CAME UP

2489
01:41:56,343 --> 01:41:57,911
WITH, AND I SAID, YOU KNOW YOUR

2490
01:41:57,978 --> 01:42:00,080
JOB IS TO COME UP WITH SOMETHING

2491
01:42:00,147 --> 01:42:02,850
MORE CREATIVE THAN THIS, I WILL

2492
01:42:02,916 --> 01:42:05,486
GRADE IT AGAINST WHAT THE

2493
01:42:05,552 --> 01:42:07,120
COMPUTER DID, AND YOU GET TO

2494
01:42:07,187 --> 01:42:09,957
BRING 1 PIECE OF PAPER TO CLASS

2495
01:42:10,023 --> 01:42:12,392
THAT DOESN'T HAVE ANY COMPLETE

2496
01:42:12,459 --> 01:42:14,027
SENTENCES ON THIS, BUT YOU HAVE

2497
01:42:14,094 --> 01:42:16,096
TO TURN IN WITH YOUR ESSAY AND

2498
01:42:16,163 --> 01:42:17,798
IN THE LAST HOUR OF CLASS, YOU

2499
01:42:17,865 --> 01:42:18,932
WILL WRITE RAIN SHOWER ESSAY IN

2500
01:42:18,999 --> 01:42:20,334
LONG HAND AND YOU WILL GIVE ME

2501
01:42:20,400 --> 01:42:21,401
THAT AND THIS PIECE OF PAPER

2502
01:42:21,468 --> 01:42:24,171
THAT YOU PUT YOUR NOTES ON, AND

2503
01:42:24,238 --> 01:42:26,673
YOU KNOW MY MAIN GOAL IS ALWAYS

2504
01:42:26,740 --> 01:42:28,008
TO FIND THE STUDENTS WHO NEED TO

2505
01:42:28,075 --> 01:42:33,647
GO TO THE WRITING CENTER, AND

2506
01:42:33,714 --> 01:42:35,148
BECAUSE THESE UNIVERSITY WRITING

2507
01:42:35,215 --> 01:42:36,683
CENTERS DO A GREAT JOB, THE MAIN

2508
01:42:36,750 --> 01:42:38,852
PROBLEM WITH THEM IS NOT AS MANY

2509
01:42:38,919 --> 01:42:40,487
OPPORTUNITIES GET TO THEM AS

2510
01:42:40,554 --> 01:42:40,854
NEEDED.

2511
01:42:40,921 --> 01:42:45,158
AND WHEN I DID THAT, I FOUND THE

2512
01:42:45,225 --> 01:42:46,093
SAME NUMBER OF STUDENTS THAT

2513
01:42:46,159 --> 01:42:47,427
NEED TO GO TO THE WRITING CENTER

2514
01:42:47,494 --> 01:42:50,697
THAT I DID THE YEAR BEFORE WHEN

2515
01:42:50,764 --> 01:42:52,332
THEY WERE TYPING THEIR

2516
01:42:52,399 --> 01:42:55,202
ASSIGNMENTS AND OVER THE COURSE

2517
01:42:55,269 --> 01:42:57,804
OF THE SEMESTER THEY ALL GOT TO

2518
01:42:57,871 --> 01:43:00,007
THE POINT WHERE THEY WERE DOING

2519
01:43:00,073 --> 01:43:05,746
A FINE JOB WRITING THEIR

2520
01:43:05,812 --> 01:43:06,179
ASSIGNMENTS.

2521
01:43:06,246 --> 01:43:12,452
SO I THINK IT'S A CHALLENGE FOR

2522
01:43:12,519 --> 01:43:13,987
FACULTY TO INNOVATE BUT I THINK

2523
01:43:14,054 --> 01:43:15,689
IT'S DOABLE, AND I DON'T THINK

2524
01:43:15,756 --> 01:43:19,359
IT'S ANY DIFFERENT THAN THE PORD

2525
01:43:19,426 --> 01:43:21,094
PROCESSOR OR THE CARD CATALOG

2526
01:43:21,161 --> 01:43:24,731
GOING AWAY OR ANY OF THESE OTHER

2527
01:43:24,798 --> 01:43:28,001
THINGS THAT WE'VE BEEN THROUGH.

2528
01:43:28,068 --> 01:43:30,304
SOMEHOW WE STILL CONTINUE TO

2529
01:43:30,370 --> 01:43:31,338
EDUCATE PEOPLE AND THEY STILL

2530
01:43:31,405 --> 01:43:33,540
WANT TO COME TO COLLEGE AND

2531
01:43:33,607 --> 01:43:33,874
LEARN.

2532
01:43:33,941 --> 01:43:37,878
O I GUESS I'M NOT AS PESSIMISTIC

2533
01:43:37,945 --> 01:43:39,613
ABOUT THAT AS A LOT OF PEOPLE

2534
01:43:39,680 --> 01:43:44,451
ARE NWHAT IS YOUR VIEW, VARDIT?

2535
01:43:44,518 --> 01:43:45,786
>> WELL, MY TEENAGE KIDS AGREE

2536
01:43:45,852 --> 01:43:50,624
WITH THIS ASSESSMENT, TELLING

2537
01:43:50,691 --> 01:43:51,592
MOOY THAT, YOU KNOW MOM, WHEN

2538
01:43:51,658 --> 01:43:53,360
YOU HAD THE QUESTION, YOU HAD TO

2539
01:43:53,427 --> 01:43:56,263
GO TO THE LIBRARY, NOW HAVE TO

2540
01:43:56,330 --> 01:43:59,032
KNOW HOW TO ASK GOOGLE AND NOW

2541
01:43:59,099 --> 01:44:01,234
WE'RE LEARNING WHAT PROMPTS GIVE

2542
01:44:01,301 --> 01:44:04,972
US THE BEST OUTCOMES SO THE ART

2543
01:44:05,038 --> 01:44:07,207
OF HOW TO ASK GOOGLE IS BECOMING

2544
01:44:07,274 --> 01:44:10,077
THE ART OF PROMPTING BUT THIS IS

2545
01:44:10,143 --> 01:44:11,578
ONLY ENHANCING OUR RESEARCH

2546
01:44:11,645 --> 01:44:14,748
CAPACITY AND OUR ABILITY TO MAKE

2547
01:44:14,815 --> 01:44:16,750
ARGUE AMS THAT ARE MORE

2548
01:44:16,817 --> 01:44:18,919
SOPHISTICATED AND BETTER

2549
01:44:18,986 --> 01:44:19,353
ARTICULATED.

2550
01:44:19,419 --> 01:44:24,257
SO I TEND TO AGREE, THINKING

2551
01:44:24,324 --> 01:44:26,126
WILL REMAIN A HUMAN ACTIVITY AND

2552
01:44:26,193 --> 01:44:28,095
THIS IS MAYBE SHORT CUTS.

2553
01:44:28,161 --> 01:44:32,165
I HAVE TO DISCLOSE THAT RECENTLY

2554
01:44:32,232 --> 01:44:33,300
BEFORE WE--MY RESEARCH TEAM,

2555
01:44:33,367 --> 01:44:36,403
BEFORE WE SUBMIT A PAPER TO A

2556
01:44:36,470 --> 01:44:38,972
YOWRNAL, WE ASK GPT TOAC AS A

2557
01:44:39,039 --> 01:44:40,340
PEER REVIEWER AND WE JUST FEED

2558
01:44:40,407 --> 01:44:42,709
THE PAPER AND SAY, IF YOU WERE A

2559
01:44:42,776 --> 01:44:45,212
REVIEWER WHAT WOULD YOU ASK US?

2560
01:44:45,278 --> 01:44:46,513
AND IT'S ASKING DARN GOOD

2561
01:44:46,580 --> 01:44:48,348
QUESTIONS THAT ALLOW US TO

2562
01:44:48,415 --> 01:44:50,751
UPGRADE THE PAPER BEFORE PEER

2563
01:44:50,817 --> 01:44:51,485
REVIEW.

2564
01:44:51,551 --> 01:44:53,920
SO I TOTALLY AGREE, IT'S ABOUT

2565
01:44:53,987 --> 01:44:57,224
FINDING AS TEACHERS, IT'S ABOUT

2566
01:44:57,290 --> 01:45:01,595
PED GOGY AND CREATING THE NEW

2567
01:45:01,662 --> 01:45:03,930
WAYS WITH THIS TOOL TO ENHANCE

2568
01:45:03,997 --> 01:45:05,899
OUR CRITICAL THINKING, OUR

2569
01:45:05,966 --> 01:45:12,205
ARTICULATION OF ARGUMENTS, I

2570
01:45:12,272 --> 01:45:16,109
THINK THE WAY TO DEVELOP THIS IS

2571
01:45:16,176 --> 01:45:18,078
MORE MAJARRISM, CHAT GPT, THE

2572
01:45:18,145 --> 01:45:21,481
BRIGHT STUDENTS WILL FIND WAYS

2573
01:45:21,548 --> 01:45:23,450
TO OVERCOME THOSE DETECTION

2574
01:45:23,517 --> 01:45:25,852
TOOLS AND SO IT'S REALLY ABOUT

2575
01:45:25,919 --> 01:45:26,887
ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THEY'RE THERE

2576
01:45:26,953 --> 01:45:29,122
AND PLAYING WITH THEM INSTEAD OF

2577
01:45:29,189 --> 01:45:31,291
TRYING TO BAN THEM OR PLAY

2578
01:45:31,358 --> 01:45:31,625
AGAINST THEM.

2579
01:45:31,692 --> 01:45:33,427
IT'S NOT JUST A SHORT CUT, WE

2580
01:45:33,493 --> 01:45:35,429
HAVE TO FIND CREATIVE WAY FOR

2581
01:45:35,495 --> 01:45:37,731
THEM TO ACTUALLY ENHANCE AND

2582
01:45:37,798 --> 01:45:40,333
DEEPEN OUR THINKING AND OUR

2583
01:45:40,400 --> 01:45:40,967
RESEARCH CAPACITY.

2584
01:45:41,034 --> 01:45:43,503
IT FORCES US AS PROFESSORS AND

2585
01:45:43,570 --> 01:45:47,507
YOU KNOW HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS TO

2586
01:45:47,574 --> 01:45:51,845
BE--TO STAY IN TOUCH WITH

2587
01:45:51,912 --> 01:45:53,346
TECHNOLOGY AND WITH FAST PACED

2588
01:45:53,413 --> 01:45:54,314
DEVELOPMENT OF THESE TOOLS AND

2589
01:45:54,381 --> 01:45:56,083
IT FORCES US TO BE VERY CREATIVE

2590
01:45:56,149 --> 01:45:57,818
IN OUR TEACHING SO THAT'S

2591
01:45:57,884 --> 01:45:59,786
PROBABLY OUR A GOOD THING,

2592
01:45:59,853 --> 01:46:01,555
KEEPING US ON OUR TOES.

2593
01:46:01,621 --> 01:46:02,856
>> I THINK THE WORST THING YOU

2594
01:46:02,923 --> 01:46:04,791
WOULD BE WOULD BE TO GIVE TO THE

2595
01:46:04,858 --> 01:46:06,460
ASSIGNMENT, TO THE STUDENTSA THE

2596
01:46:06,526 --> 01:46:07,627
HOME, TELL THEM THEY CAN'T USE

2597
01:46:07,694 --> 01:46:09,329
THESE TOOLS AND TO SIGN

2598
01:46:09,396 --> 01:46:10,430
SOMETHING SAYING THAT

2599
01:46:10,497 --> 01:46:11,331
DIDN'T,OOSE A HORRIBLE POSITION

2600
01:46:11,398 --> 01:46:13,033
TO PUT THEM IN, SO I WOULD NOT

2601
01:46:13,100 --> 01:46:17,204
DO THAT, I DON'T THINK THESE

2602
01:46:17,270 --> 01:46:18,472
TOOLS EXIST, THEY'RE NO

2603
01:46:18,538 --> 01:46:20,440
DIFFERENT FROM A TYPE WRITER OR

2604
01:46:20,507 --> 01:46:24,177
ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S COME ALONG,

2605
01:46:24,244 --> 01:46:27,447
AND TO SAY THAT IT'S CHEATING IF

2606
01:46:27,514 --> 01:46:29,449
YOU USE IT WILL JUST NOT WORK

2607
01:46:29,516 --> 01:46:31,084
OUT VERY WELL, SO THAT'S WHY I

2608
01:46:31,151 --> 01:46:33,386
CAME UP WITH A SCHEME OF HAVING

2609
01:46:33,453 --> 01:46:34,588
MY STUDENTS WRITE THEIR ESSAYS

2610
01:46:34,654 --> 01:46:37,724
IN CLASS IS BY THE WAY OUT OF 16

2611
01:46:37,791 --> 01:46:42,963
STUDENTS I HAD 1 WHO WROTE IN

2612
01:46:43,029 --> 01:46:43,196
CURSIVE.

2613
01:46:43,263 --> 01:46:43,563
FIFTEEN PRINT.

2614
01:46:43,630 --> 01:46:44,998
SO SOME PEOPLE ARE SURPRISED

2615
01:46:45,065 --> 01:46:47,467
THERE'S EVEN 1 AND SOME PEOPLE

2616
01:46:47,534 --> 01:46:48,969
WHO THINK CURSIVE HAND WRITING

2617
01:46:49,035 --> 01:46:51,204
AND IMPORTANT OR HORRIFIED BY

2618
01:46:51,271 --> 01:46:51,404
THAT.

2619
01:46:51,471 --> 01:46:54,841
>> SO, DO YOU HAVE ANY

2620
01:46:54,908 --> 01:46:59,146
TECHNIQUES THAT YOU--EITHER OF

2621
01:46:59,212 --> 01:47:03,049
YOU USE TO DETERMINE WHETHER,

2622
01:47:03,116 --> 01:47:05,519
LET'S SAY A DOCUMENT OR LETTER

2623
01:47:05,585 --> 01:47:09,055
OF RECOMMENDATION, AN ESSAY FOR

2624
01:47:09,122 --> 01:47:10,590
ADMISSION TO COLLEGE OR DO HAVE

2625
01:47:10,657 --> 01:47:12,993
YOU ANY TECHNIQUES THAT YOU USE

2626
01:47:13,059 --> 01:47:16,763
TO TRY AND EVALUATE AT A

2627
01:47:16,830 --> 01:47:20,066
DISTANCE WHETHER THIS IS

2628
01:47:20,133 --> 01:47:22,936
GENERATED BY AI OR BY THE

2629
01:47:23,003 --> 01:47:23,236
INDIVIDUAL.

2630
01:47:23,303 --> 01:47:25,138
>> NOT ME, I THINK THE PERSON

2631
01:47:25,205 --> 01:47:26,139
SIGNS IT, THEY'RE RESPONSIBLE

2632
01:47:26,206 --> 01:47:28,074
FOR WHAT'S IN THERE, AND IF YOU

2633
01:47:28,141 --> 01:47:30,477
HAVEN'T TOLD THEM NOT TO USE THE

2634
01:47:30,544 --> 01:47:31,645
TOOL, THEN YOU JUDGE IT AS

2635
01:47:31,711 --> 01:47:33,213
THOUGH THEY WROTE IT AND YOU

2636
01:47:33,280 --> 01:47:34,614
HOLD THEM ACCOUNTABLE FOR WHAT'S

2637
01:47:34,681 --> 01:47:35,048
IN THERE.

2638
01:47:35,115 --> 01:47:37,050
IF IT'S NOT VERY--IF IT'S BORING

2639
01:47:37,117 --> 01:47:39,519
AND IT'S GOT ERRORS IN IT, THEN

2640
01:47:39,586 --> 01:47:45,692
IT WAS PROBABLY WRITTEN BY CHAT

2641
01:47:45,759 --> 01:47:45,859
GPT.

2642
01:47:45,926 --> 01:47:47,394
>> SO I KNOW THERE ARE ONLINE

2643
01:47:47,460 --> 01:47:48,562
TOOLS THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO RUN

2644
01:47:48,628 --> 01:47:50,463
A TEXT THROUGH AND GET CLUES,

2645
01:47:50,530 --> 01:47:52,132
OBVIOUSLY IF A PAPER INCLUDES

2646
01:47:52,199 --> 01:47:58,071
REFERENCES THAT DON'T EXIST,

2647
01:47:58,138 --> 01:47:58,905
THAT'S AN INTERESTING SIGN.

2648
01:47:58,972 --> 01:48:04,244
WHAT I HAVE DONE IN THE PAST, IF

2649
01:48:04,311 --> 01:48:07,848
STUDENT IMPROVED IN SURPRISING

2650
01:48:07,914 --> 01:48:10,150
SPEED OVER THE COURSE OF THIS

2651
01:48:10,217 --> 01:48:12,252
SEMESTER, I SAT DOWN TO HAVE A

2652
01:48:12,319 --> 01:48:15,121
CONVERSATION EMPLOY I WANTED TO

2653
01:48:15,188 --> 01:48:17,324
SEE AND SPEECH THEY CAN

2654
01:48:17,390 --> 01:48:18,391
ARTICULATE WHAT THEY ARTICULATED

2655
01:48:18,458 --> 01:48:20,160
IN THE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT,

2656
01:48:20,227 --> 01:48:23,230
SOMETIMES IT'S A LANGUAGE

2657
01:48:23,296 --> 01:48:24,497
BARRIER, AT HARVARD MEDICAL

2658
01:48:24,564 --> 01:48:26,233
SCHOOL, WE HAVE MANY

2659
01:48:26,299 --> 01:48:27,767
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AND THESE

2660
01:48:27,834 --> 01:48:28,768
TOOLS ACTUALLY HELP OVERCOME

2661
01:48:28,835 --> 01:48:32,539
LANGUAGE BARRIERS AND THEY ARE

2662
01:48:32,606 --> 01:48:34,441
EQUALIZING, RATHER THAN CHEATING

2663
01:48:34,507 --> 01:48:36,443
TOOLS BUT IT'S REALLY ABOUT

2664
01:48:36,509 --> 01:48:38,511
ASSESSING THE THINKING PROCESSES

2665
01:48:38,578 --> 01:48:40,814
BEHIND THE WRITING TO SEE IF THE

2666
01:48:40,881 --> 01:48:42,682
STUDENT COULD HAVE COME UP WITH

2667
01:48:42,749 --> 01:48:44,184
THIS THEMSELVES.

2668
01:48:44,251 --> 01:48:46,653
SO, YOU KNOW TALKING,

2669
01:48:46,720 --> 01:48:48,321
CONVERSATIONAL ASSESSMENT FOR ME

2670
01:48:48,388 --> 01:48:53,660
IS SOMETHING THAT I TEND TO RELY

2671
01:48:53,727 --> 01:48:54,027
ON.

2672
01:48:54,094 --> 01:48:56,863
>> WE HAVE A QUESTION IN A

2673
01:48:56,930 --> 01:48:58,598
SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT DIMENSION,

2674
01:48:58,665 --> 01:49:01,201
DEALING WITH YOUR DISCUSSION OR

2675
01:49:01,268 --> 01:49:04,938
VOICE AS A UNIQUE IDENTIFIER,

2676
01:49:05,005 --> 01:49:06,840
THE QUESTIONER SAYS THAT'S VERY

2677
01:49:06,907 --> 01:49:16,383
INTERESTING AND SHE BRINGS

2678
01:49:16,449 --> 01:49:17,784
ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT

2679
01:49:17,851 --> 01:49:20,487
TENNESSEE WAS THE FIRST STATE TO

2680
01:49:20,553 --> 01:49:24,157
BRING A LAW PROTECTIONS ARTISTS

2681
01:49:24,224 --> 01:49:25,025
AND OTHERS AGAINST AI.

2682
01:49:25,091 --> 01:49:26,993
DO YOU THINK THERE SHOULD BE

2683
01:49:27,060 --> 01:49:28,061
MORE PROTECTIONS FOR THOSE

2684
01:49:28,128 --> 01:49:30,297
PEOPLE IN THOSE CATEGORIES?

2685
01:49:30,363 --> 01:49:33,533
>> I KNOW THAT MY ARTIST FRIENDS

2686
01:49:33,600 --> 01:49:37,437
ARE VERY WORRIED.

2687
01:49:37,504 --> 01:49:39,472
THE MUSICIANS THE PAINTERS, THE

2688
01:49:39,539 --> 01:49:41,007
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS ARE VERY

2689
01:49:41,074 --> 01:49:41,241
WORRIED.

2690
01:49:41,308 --> 01:49:42,642
AGAIN IT'S A MATTER OF

2691
01:49:42,709 --> 01:49:45,078
GOVERNANCE AND I THINK WE HAVE

2692
01:49:45,145 --> 01:49:46,813
VERY TOUGH DECISIONWHAT

2693
01:49:46,880 --> 01:49:47,514
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MEANS IN

2694
01:49:47,580 --> 01:49:50,550
THIS DAY AND ANAL, WHAT IS

2695
01:49:50,617 --> 01:49:51,851
INNOVATION, WHAT IS CREATION,

2696
01:49:51,918 --> 01:49:53,620
WHAT IS REPLICATION, WHAT IS

2697
01:49:53,687 --> 01:49:55,121
INSPIRATION, I MEAN TO SOME

2698
01:49:55,188 --> 01:49:56,189
DEGREE, WE'VE DEALT WITH THIS IN

2699
01:49:56,256 --> 01:49:59,993
THE PAST BUT THIS IS A TOTALLY

2700
01:50:00,060 --> 01:50:01,494
NEW LEVEL OF CHALLENGE EMPLOY SO

2701
01:50:01,561 --> 01:50:04,597
I KEEP GOING BACK TO GOVERNANCE,

2702
01:50:04,664 --> 01:50:05,932
GOVERNANCE, POLICY, BUT THE

2703
01:50:05,999 --> 01:50:07,667
ETHICS IS EMBEDDED IN ALL OF

2704
01:50:07,734 --> 01:50:09,769
THAT AND YOU KNOW THESE ARE

2705
01:50:09,836 --> 01:50:10,603
VALUE BASED DECISIONS THAT WE

2706
01:50:10,670 --> 01:50:12,172
WILL HAVE TO MAKE ABOUT WHAT IT

2707
01:50:12,238 --> 01:50:15,942
MEANS TO BE A HUMAN CREATOR AND

2708
01:50:16,009 --> 01:50:19,612
WHAT IS--WHAT IT THAT WE WANT TO

2709
01:50:19,679 --> 01:50:20,413
PROTECT?

2710
01:50:20,480 --> 01:50:21,948
DON'T HAVE ANSWERS, BUT I'M

2711
01:50:22,015 --> 01:50:23,717
SEEING A LOT OF THINKING AROUND

2712
01:50:23,783 --> 01:50:25,986
ME AT LEAST, A LOT OF INVESTMENT

2713
01:50:26,052 --> 01:50:29,155
IN KIND OF FIGURING OUT THE

2714
01:50:29,222 --> 01:50:30,423
CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES BEHIND

2715
01:50:30,490 --> 01:50:30,623
THIS.

2716
01:50:30,690 --> 01:50:33,360
>> YEAH, IN MUSIC WE'VE HAD

2717
01:50:33,426 --> 01:50:33,927
CONSTANT EVOLUTION OF

2718
01:50:33,994 --> 01:50:36,162
TECHNOLOGY, YOU KNOW WE HAVE

2719
01:50:36,229 --> 01:50:39,366
MULTITRACK RECORDING AND THEN WE

2720
01:50:39,432 --> 01:50:41,101
HAVE--THEN IT WENT DIGITAL AND

2721
01:50:41,167 --> 01:50:43,436
NOW WE HAVE AUTOTUNE THAT MAKES

2722
01:50:43,503 --> 01:50:44,504
AUTOTUNE SINGERS SOUND IN TUNE,

2723
01:50:44,571 --> 01:50:46,506
MOST OF THOSE SONGS YOU LISTEN

2724
01:50:46,573 --> 01:50:48,708
TO ON THE RADIO ARE AUTOTUNED, A

2725
01:50:48,775 --> 01:50:50,777
LOT OF THOSE FOLKS YOU'RE

2726
01:50:50,844 --> 01:50:54,547
LISTENING TO AREN'T SUPER GREAT

2727
01:50:54,614 --> 01:50:58,585
SINGERS IN TUNE; YOU KNOW WE

2728
01:50:58,651 --> 01:50:59,419
HAVE PROGRAMS THAT--DIGITAL

2729
01:50:59,486 --> 01:51:01,154
PROGRAMS THAT YOU RECORD ON THAT

2730
01:51:01,221 --> 01:51:04,924
FIX ALL THE MISTAKES, WHEN WE GO

2731
01:51:04,991 --> 01:51:07,127
ON PODCASTS, THEY TAKE THE

2732
01:51:07,193 --> 01:51:11,398
UMs, AND THE YOU KNOWs OUT,

2733
01:51:11,464 --> 01:51:13,266
THE DIFFERENCE--AND IT STILL

2734
01:51:13,333 --> 01:51:14,200
TAKES CREATIVITY TO DO THAT ALL

2735
01:51:14,267 --> 01:51:15,702
THAT BUT THE DIFFERENCE WITH

2736
01:51:15,769 --> 01:51:17,904
THIS IS IT'S SOMEBODY'S

2737
01:51:17,971 --> 01:51:19,172
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BEING USED

2738
01:51:19,239 --> 01:51:21,574
TO TRAIN THE ALGORITHM THAT'S

2739
01:51:21,641 --> 01:51:23,510
PRODUCING THE RESULT.

2740
01:51:23,576 --> 01:51:28,415
AND SO, ESPECIALLY IN

2741
01:51:28,481 --> 01:51:29,416
ILLUSTRATIONS AND IN MUSIC AND

2742
01:51:29,482 --> 01:51:31,951
STUFF, WE HAVE A LOT OF ROAD,A

2743
01:51:32,018 --> 01:51:33,353
HEAD OF US AS EVERYBODY ARGUES

2744
01:51:33,420 --> 01:51:34,854
OVER WHAT THAT MEANS.

2745
01:51:34,921 --> 01:51:36,423
I MEAN YOU SEIZE NEWS

2746
01:51:36,489 --> 01:51:37,357
ORGANIZATIONS SUING THE

2747
01:51:37,424 --> 01:51:39,192
COMPANIES BECAUSE THEY KNOW

2748
01:51:39,259 --> 01:51:41,528
THEIR ARTICLES ARE BEING USED TO

2749
01:51:41,594 --> 01:51:43,263
TRAIN THE ALGORITHMS AND YOU

2750
01:51:43,329 --> 01:51:45,565
KNOW, THE COURTS WILL FIGURE OUT

2751
01:51:45,632 --> 01:51:47,133
A WAY TO DEAL WITH ALL THAT BUT

2752
01:51:47,200 --> 01:51:49,002
THAT'S GOING TO TAKE A WHILE

2753
01:51:49,069 --> 01:51:51,604
NTHERE IS AN INTERESTING ANALOGY

2754
01:51:51,671 --> 01:51:53,706
WITH OUR RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS,

2755
01:51:53,773 --> 01:51:55,809
WE'RE WONDERING SHOULD THEY BE

2756
01:51:55,875 --> 01:51:58,178
COMPENSATED FOR GIVING US THEIR

2757
01:51:58,244 --> 01:52:01,414
VOICE IF THIS, YOU KNOW, THE USE

2758
01:52:01,481 --> 01:52:06,319
OF THIS DATA ENDS UP PRODUCING A

2759
01:52:06,386 --> 01:52:07,587
VERY PROFITABLE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL

2760
01:52:07,654 --> 01:52:08,555
FOR EXAMPLE, ESPECIALLY FOR

2761
01:52:08,621 --> 01:52:13,326
PARTNERING WITH THE PRIVATE

2762
01:52:13,393 --> 01:52:14,194
SECTOR, YOU KNOW, THEY'RE

2763
01:52:14,260 --> 01:52:14,861
PORTAISS--SYNTH PARTICIPATE IN A

2764
01:52:14,928 --> 01:52:16,696
TRIALING IN RESEARCH TO

2765
01:52:16,763 --> 01:52:17,363
CONTRIBUTE TO GENERALIZABLE

2766
01:52:17,430 --> 01:52:18,865
KNOWLEDGE AND HELP FUTURE

2767
01:52:18,932 --> 01:52:20,934
GENERATED RAYINGS BUT WHAT ABOUT

2768
01:52:21,000 --> 01:52:21,701
COMPENSATION, SO THIS IS 1 OF

2769
01:52:21,768 --> 01:52:22,635
THE REQUESTIES THAT WE'RE

2770
01:52:22,702 --> 01:52:24,270
THINKING ABOUT AND I FIND AN

2771
01:52:24,337 --> 01:52:24,938
INTERESTING ANALOGY BETWEEN THAT

2772
01:52:25,004 --> 01:52:28,174
AND THE NOTION THAT IF YOUR

2773
01:52:28,241 --> 01:52:30,276
CREATION HELPS TRAIN THE

2774
01:52:30,343 --> 01:52:40,787
ALGORITHM, YOU NEED TO BE

2775
01:52:41,254 --> 01:52:41,921
COMPENSATED FOR THAT.

2776
01:52:41,988 --> 01:52:42,722
>> WE HAVE AN INTERESTING

2777
01:52:42,789 --> 01:52:46,960
QUESTION HERE THAT LINKS THE

2778
01:52:47,026 --> 01:52:47,927
PUBLIC HEALTH STATUS IN THE

2779
01:52:47,994 --> 01:52:51,431
UNITED STATES, THE PUBLIC HEALTH

2780
01:52:51,498 --> 01:52:56,469
SYSTEM, THE AVAILABILITY OF

2781
01:52:56,536 --> 01:52:57,871
MEDICAL CARE PARTICULARLY THOSE

2782
01:52:57,937 --> 01:53:03,877
AT THE LOWER END OF THE ECONOMIC

2783
01:53:03,943 --> 01:53:04,711
LADDER.

2784
01:53:04,777 --> 01:53:14,454
HOW DO YOU THINK AI COULD

2785
01:53:14,521 --> 01:53:17,757
INTERACT IN ENHANCING THE PUBLIC

2786
01:53:17,824 --> 01:53:21,828
HEALTH SYSTEM BUT ALSO IS THERE

2787
01:53:21,895 --> 01:53:23,663
A FEAR THAT THE AVAILABILITY OF

2788
01:53:23,730 --> 01:53:28,735
ARK I MAY BE USED IN--AI MAY BE

2789
01:53:28,801 --> 01:53:30,603
USED IN PERHAPS SOME POLITICAL

2790
01:53:30,670 --> 01:53:32,639
MANNER TO NOT DEVELOP THE PUBLIC

2791
01:53:32,705 --> 01:53:34,474
HEALTH SYSTEM AS FAST OR AS

2792
01:53:34,541 --> 01:53:38,011
BADLY AS WE NEED IT.

2793
01:53:38,077 --> 01:53:42,615
>> I WILL LET THE BIOETHICIST

2794
01:53:42,682 --> 01:53:44,350
START THAT 1.

2795
01:53:44,417 --> 01:53:45,652
>> I WAS GOING TO BOUNCE THAT

2796
01:53:45,718 --> 01:53:46,219
BACK TO YOU.

2797
01:53:46,286 --> 01:53:47,654
I DON'T EACH KNOW WHERE TO

2798
01:53:47,720 --> 01:53:47,987
START.

2799
01:53:48,054 --> 01:53:52,525
>> YEAH, I MEAN, WHO KNOWS?

2800
01:53:52,592 --> 01:53:55,862
I THINK THERE ARE POLITICAL

2801
01:53:55,929 --> 01:53:57,664
FORCES THAT DISAGREE ABOUT THE

2802
01:53:57,730 --> 01:54:01,568
EXTENT TO WHICH WE'RE OBLIGATED

2803
01:54:01,634 --> 01:54:02,268
TO PROVIDE HEALTHCARE TO

2804
01:54:02,335 --> 01:54:04,904
EVERYONE AND THIS WILL BE 1 MORE

2805
01:54:04,971 --> 01:54:06,072
ACCESS ACROSS WHICH THAT

2806
01:54:06,139 --> 01:54:08,608
ARGUMENT IS GOING TO OCCUR.

2807
01:54:08,675 --> 01:54:10,977
SO WILL THAT MAKE IT BETTER OR

2808
01:54:11,044 --> 01:54:12,111
WORSE, I DON'T KNOW, I DON'T

2809
01:54:12,178 --> 01:54:14,781
THINK WE KNOW YET, WE'RE IN A

2810
01:54:14,847 --> 01:54:18,051
VICIOUS FIGHT ABOUT THIS.

2811
01:54:18,117 --> 01:54:19,686
I DON'T EXPECT THAT TO GO AWAY

2812
01:54:19,752 --> 01:54:22,855
BECAUSE OF THESE TOOLS.

2813
01:54:22,922 --> 01:54:28,695
THAT WILL BE MY--BECAUSE THOSE

2814
01:54:28,761 --> 01:54:29,529
ARE IDEOLOGICAL THINGS.

2815
01:54:29,596 --> 01:54:31,397
>> YEAH, I'M GOING TO SIGN-OFF

2816
01:54:31,464 --> 01:54:32,432
ON THAT SMART ANSWER.

2817
01:54:32,498 --> 01:54:34,634
AS I SAID COULD BE A BIG

2818
01:54:34,701 --> 01:54:37,337
EQUALIZER, COULD BE AN

2819
01:54:37,403 --> 01:54:38,871
EXACERBATER, AND THAT DEPENDS ON

2820
01:54:38,938 --> 01:54:41,507
OUR VALUE BASED DECISIONS ON

2821
01:54:41,574 --> 01:54:44,010
WHAT TO PRIORITIZE WHEN WE

2822
01:54:44,077 --> 01:54:45,578
CHOOSE WHAT TO DEVELOP AND HOW

2823
01:54:45,645 --> 01:54:46,980
TO IMPLEMENT, SO WE KNOW, THE

2824
01:54:47,046 --> 01:54:47,914
ANSWER STAYED VERY HIGH LEVEL

2825
01:54:47,981 --> 01:54:50,817
BECAUSE I THINK NOBODY KNOWS AT

2826
01:54:50,883 --> 01:54:52,385
THIS POINT.

2827
01:54:52,452 --> 01:54:54,254
>> ALL RIGHT, SO, I'M GOING TO

2828
01:54:54,320 --> 01:54:56,556
TURN THE MICROPHONE OVER TO

2829
01:54:56,623 --> 01:54:58,157
DR. SHORE WHO WILL CONCLUDE THIS

2830
01:54:58,224 --> 01:55:01,594
SESSION BUT LET ME THANK YOU ON

2831
01:55:01,661 --> 01:55:03,463
BEHALF OF EVERYBODY HERE AND THE

2832
01:55:03,529 --> 01:55:04,864
MANY, MANY PEOPLE AROUND THE

2833
01:55:04,931 --> 01:55:07,166
WORLD WHO HAVE TUNED IN OR WILL

2834
01:55:07,233 --> 01:55:10,036
TUNE IN AND HEAR THIS

2835
01:55:10,103 --> 01:55:11,638
DISCUSSION, I'M SURE THEY WILL

2836
01:55:11,704 --> 01:55:13,740
APPRECIATE IT AS MUCH AS ALL OF

2837
01:55:13,806 --> 01:55:18,578
US DO, SO THANK YOU DR. SHORE.

2838
01:55:18,645 --> 01:55:21,848
>> WELL, I REALLY WANT TO THANK

2839
01:55:21,914 --> 01:55:24,050
BOTH OF OUR SPEAKERS TODAY, ALL

2840
01:55:24,117 --> 01:55:27,920
OF YOU WHO CAME AND ALL OF YOU

2841
01:55:27,987 --> 01:55:31,557
ON VIDEOCAST WHO REALLY MADE

2842
01:55:31,624 --> 01:55:33,960
THIS SESSION MUCH FOOD FOR

2843
01:55:34,027 --> 01:55:34,193
THOUGHT.

2844
01:55:34,260 --> 01:55:40,333
I THINK, YOU KNOW AS THEY SAY ON

2845
01:55:40,400 --> 01:55:41,401
MSNBC, WATCH THE SPACE.

2846
01:55:41,467 --> 01:55:44,937
THIS WILL BE VERY, VERY INTENSE

2847
01:55:45,004 --> 01:55:48,775
OVER THE NEXT MANY YEARS AND I

2848
01:55:48,841 --> 01:55:52,312
DARE SAY IT'S GOING TO BE AN

2849
01:55:52,378 --> 01:55:54,814
ITERATIVE WALK TO WHATEVER IS

2850
01:55:54,881 --> 01:55:57,083
THE BEST OUTCOME FOR THIS SO

2851
01:55:57,150 --> 01:55:59,285
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR

2852
01:55:59,352 --> 01:56:00,553
CONTRIBUTING REALLY NOT JUST TO

2853
01:56:00,620 --> 01:56:02,188
OUR KNOWLEDGE BUT TO THE

2854
01:56:02,255 --> 01:56:06,626
QUESTIONS THAT WE HAVE ABOUT

2855
01:56:06,693 --> 01:56:06,826
THIS.

2856
01:56:06,893 --> 01:56:17,103
[ APPLAUSE ]